bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction of students with the organisation of distance learning at the university during the period of self-isolation
Authors: Vishnevskaya Oksana Nikolaevna , Voroncova Anna Valer'evna , Voroncov Dmitrij Borisovich , Samohvalova Anna Gennad'evna , Tikhomirova Elena Viktorovna
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the results of a study of students' satisfaction with the organisation of distance learning at the university, the difficulties encountered in learning under new conditions of self-isolation, resources and ways to overcome them. The study involved 1288 students of Kostroma State University of all courses, forms of study and educational levels. For statistical data processing, the SPSS 17.0 package (Spearman's correlation analysis, content analysis of students' free statements) was used. It is shown that the transition to distance learning in conditions of self-isolation is very successful, most students have adapted to the new situation. The degree of students' satisfaction with work in the remote format correlates with the assessment of their own success and with the features of the organisation of the learning process. Lack of communication with teachers and difficulties in mastering educational material form a request among students to expand the range of communication tools and teaching tools used. It was found that students experience a number of organisational and personal difficulties associated with the transition to a distance learning format. However, most students successfully overcome them using constructive coping strategies aimed at solving the problem and seeking support. The ways of increasing the degree of students’ satisfaction with work in the distance learning system, aimed at increasing the level of their psychological well-being, are proposed – focusing on a dialogical approach, organising methodological support for training courses, updating the organisational functions of curator teachers, implementing teamwork of teachers to ensure interdisciplinarity and integrability of acquired knowledge and competences.
BIOSORPTION OF Mn(II) IONS FROM WATER SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL SORBENT. KINETIC MODELING
Authors: Marinkovski Mirko , Kuvendziev Stefan , Atkovska Katerina , Aliu Flakrim , Mustafa Erhan , Jakupi Shaban , Ghaffari Peyman , Lisichkov Kiril
Published: September 2021

In this article the possibility of removal of Mn (II)-ions from aqueous solutions with the use of grape branches as an adsorbent was investigated. For the realization of the set goal during the experimental investigations, the influence of the following operating parameters was examined: the initial concentration of Mn (II) ions in the solution (100-500 μg/dm3), the adsorption time (1-180 min) and the quantity of adsorbent (0.2-1 g), on the effect of the removal of Mn (II) ions and the adsorption capacity of the grape branches as an bisorbent. Experimental researches were carried out in batch laboratory conditions at room temperature (25 oC) and continuous mixing by magnetic stirrer at 600 rpm.
Based on the obtained results, the equilibrium of the examined system Mn (II) - grape branches was analyzed, using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. By applying the MATLAB/Curve fitting Toolbox software, the equilibrium parameters for all applied adsorption systems are determined. The modeling of the kinetics of the process of removal of Mn (II) ions shown that the kinetic of the investigated system was defined by model of the pseudo-II order reaction.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATIONS WITH SOME DOMESTIC AND INTRODUCED SMALL LEAVE TOBACCO VARIETIES PRODUCED IN PELAGONIJA REGION
Authors: Pelivanoska Valentina , Jordanoska Šiškoska Biljana
Published: September 2021

Field experiments were carried out on two localities, in Prilep, exactly on experimental field of the Institute and in v. Dobrushevo.
The influence of different nitrogen rates upon quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the four oriental tobacco types: Prilep P-23, Prilep P-79-94 (domestic varieties), and Basma1 and Elenski 817 (introduced varieties) was investigated.
Investigation included four varieties, three nitrogen rates (0, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and constant amount of phosphorus (60 kg/ha) and potassium (40 kg/ha).
Soil preparation was performed with one autumn (30 cm depth) and two spring plowings (8-20 cm depth). Before the trial was set up, the soil was tested to determine its agrochemical and physical properties. Fertilization was done using inorganic mineral fertilizer NPK and 27% KAN. 50% of the nitrogen amount was applied in the last plowing, prior to planting, together with phoshorus and potassium, and the rest 50 % were applied on the first hoeing. All necessary agro-technical and plant protection practices were applied during the vegetation period of tobacco.
From the results, it can be noted that yield increase correlates with the increase of nitrogen quantities, in the both localities. In the Prilep locality, fertilized varieties with the 30 kg N/ha had yield increase of 24.50% and 27.23% respectively, as opposed to the control. The highest yield is noted to the P-23 variety (3443 kg/ha), and the lowest to the Basma 1 variety (2567 kg/ha). The same legality is noted in the Dobrushevo locality, where yield increases of 24.14%, 26.75%, 23.57% and 24.29 % respectively, as opposed to the nonfertilized variant. The variety Prilep P23 as standard, fertilized with the 30 kg N/ha achieved the highest average yield per unit area (3573 kg/ha), while the Basma 1 variety have significantly lower average yield than the standard variety, 2676 kg/ha. The fertilization has a positive effect and statistical significance on the average yield and gross income, per unit area. The average purchase price of tobacco, expressed in % of quality classes, has a slight decrease with increasing nitrogen rates, in all investigated varieties. In the both localities, in all investigated varieties was observed increasing content of nicotine, total nitrogen, proteins and mineral matter, and decreasing content of the soluble sugar with increasing nitrogen quantities.
To evaluate the fertilization effect on investigated varieties all results were statistically processed by analysis of variance and LSD test.
Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that due lower yield and gross income per ha, the introduced varieties Basma 1 and Elenski 817 are not perspective varieties for wider production in the Pelagonija region.
HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA-PEST ON TOBACCO PLANTS
Authors: Krsteska Vesna
Published: September 2021

Helicoverpa armigera Hubner is а migratory, cosmopolitan and polycyclic species. The pest is known as tobacco bollworm or budworm. The species is polyphagous and is an economically important agricultural pest. The studies were conducted on tobacco plants in the Experimental Field of the Scientific Tobacco Institute - Prilep during 2017/2018. Monitoring of population dynamics of H. armigera was performed during tobacco vegetation in a 10 -day period, using the method of examining 100 tobacco plants, with Zig-Zag review of pest scouting. The collected larvae were additionally fed and grown in a laboratory according to the standard laboratory methodology. Field and laboratory trials were carried out for control of H. armigera, with five insecticides/ active ingredients: Spinetoram (a.i. 250 g/kg)- 0.3 kg/ha, Indoxacarb (a.i. 150 g/L)- 0.3 L/ha, Metaflumizone (a.i 240 g/L)- 1 L/ha; Emamectin (a.i. 9.5 g/kg)- 2 kg/ha and Flubendiamide (a.i. 480g/L)- 250 g/ha. Larvae of tobacco budworm damage flowers, seed capsules and top tobacco leaves. The population dynamics of H. armigera showed that the species was present on tobacco from the beginning of July (when plants produce flowers) until the end of tobacco vegetation. The population was the most numerous in August and reached its highest level of density on 20th August in both years. In field trials, were determined five predatory species that fed with young larvae of H. armigеrа: Chrysopa formosa (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Chrysopa perla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Chrysopa carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and Adonia variegata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In the beginning of October on tobacco plants we found parasitized larvae of H. armigera. In laboratory conditions parasitized larvae ate less and ceased developing at their 4th stage- L4. In each parasitized larva was developed one parasite species of Hyposoter didymator (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). H. didymator is endoparasitoid wasp, and it lives on host tissues. According to field and laboratory trials during 2017/2018, all applied insecticides showed high efficacy in H. armigera control. The highest average mortality of 100% was caused by insecticides: Spinetoram, Indoxacarb and Emamectin. Flubendiamide had 97.5% efficiency in control of this pest, and the insecticide Metaflumizone 95.0%. This pest represents a significant challenge to tobacco filed and it produces high economic losses of tobacco seed each year. For the control of H. armigera, it is required constant monitoring of the lifecycle of the pest. One part of management strategy is to study parasitoids, predators and microorganisms and use them against H. armigera. Chemical control is still the most reliable and economic way of protecting tobacco crop from tobacco bollworm.
HISTORICAL EVALUATION, REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM MINING IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay , Paramonova T. A.
Published: September 2021

Meteorological elements affecting radioactive contamination of the environment, each indicator has a different weight in the formation of the radioactive background. The strongest influence on the spread of radioactive contamination have winds. Influenced also different rainfall and the permeability of the atmospheric layer to solar radiation reaching us. The other meteorological components have a negligible impact on the spread of radioactive rays, particles and isotopes and therefore in further research we will ignore them and will not recognize their influence on climate radioactive background.
In the analysis of meteorological elements that influence the spread of radioactive particles and radioactive isotopes in Bulgaria are mainly analyzed winds and air currents that form in the airspace over Bulgaria. These are the main weather elements that most influence the climate of the radioactive background. Another element that influences is precipitation in its various manifestations - horizontal and vertical type and depending on the physical condition of the water. The other meteorological elements because of their vile influence of the radiation situation will exclude them from the factors shaping the natural indicators of the state of the atmosphere, water and pochvata.Analizat is made on the basis of detailed statistics on the direction and strength of the wind and air currents over the territory of Bulgaria in the last 30 years. In addition to daily data for the period after 2009 have used aggregated figures on the direction and strength of winds, and near the concerned areas and over throughout our country and in adjacent border areas. This data is used for a period of 20 years, which is enough to capture the trends of change of atmospheric masses and neighboring aquatic and terrestrial surfaces.
I must point out that monitoring of air masses over the past 25 years gives us only the main trends and directions, but as we all know, these processes are too dynamic and not subject to cyclic steady repetition and prediction. So at the same time made extensive research and data processing should not disable the constant monitoring of our environment and its parametri.Kato main potential sources of radioactive contamination are discussed nuclear power in Europe.
In analyzing the results of the forecast movements of air masses and spreading radioactive particles consequently observed that apart from the NPP "Kozloduy" and adjacent to Bulgaria Kozloduy "Black Water" at different intervals of time radioactive contamination may occur and result of an accident in other NPPs in Europe.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN URANIUM MINING AND URANIUM PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay , Encheva Karaivanova –Dolchinkova Bonka
Published: September 2021

A major Russian political and economic objective is to increase exports, particularly for front-end fuel cycle services through Tenex, as well as nuclear power plants.
Russia uses about 3800 tonnes of natural uranium per year. After enrichment, this becomes 190 tU enriched to 4.3% for 9 VVER-1000 reactors (at 2004, now 13), 60 tU enriched to 3.6% for 6 VVER-440s, 350 tU enriched to 2.0% for 11 RBMK units, and 6 tU enriched to 20% (with 9 tU depleted) for the BN-600. Some 90 tU recycled supplements the RBMK supply at about 2% enrichment. This RepU arises from reprocessing the used fuel from BN, VVER-440 and marine and research reactors.
There is high-level concern about the development of new uranium deposits, and a Federal Council meeting in April 2015 agreed to continue the federal financing of exploration and estimation works in Vitimsky Uranium Region in Buryatia. It also agreed to financing construction of the engineering infrastructure of Mine No. 6 of Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union (PIMCU). The following month the Council approved key support measures including the introduction of a zero rate for mining tax and property tax; simplification of the system of granting subsoil use rights; inclusion of the Economic Development of the Far East and Trans-Baikal up to 2018 policy in the Federal Target Program; and the development of infrastructure in Krasnokamensk.
In June 2015 Rosgeologia signed a number of agreements to expedite mineral exploration in Russia, including one with Rosatom. It was established in July 2011 by presidential decree and consists of 38 enterprises located in 30 regions across Russia, but uranium is a minor part of its interests.
Russia is engaged in international nuclear energy markets, far from the traditional sites of Eastern Europe. In June 2011, Rosatom announced that it was creating a "Rusatom" overseas company, a new structure responsible for building projects that could not benefit from them. It can be executed as a primary contractor as well as as owner of foreign capacities under a self-exploitation agreement (BOO). She actively strives for shopping in developing countries and has set up eight offices abroad.
The Soviet Union also used 116 nuclear explosions (81 in Russia) for geological research, creating underground gas storage, boosting oil and gas production and excavating reservoirs and canals. Most were in the 3-10 kiloton range and all occurred 1965-88.
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF DRIP LATERALS WITH INSIDE WELDED PRESSURE COMPENSATING DRIPPERS
Authors: Georgiev Dimitar , Karasinkerov Veselin
Published: September 2021

Lately, the drip irrigation systems built with pressure compensating (PC) drippers (emitters) inside welded in the drip laterals, find more and more application in Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece and other countries having well-developed irrigation-based agriculture, especially where the ground is not flat but rather is of hilly nature. The main advantage of these systems is the provision of uniform flow rate along the laterals and batteries (blocks) in the whole drip systems irrespectively of the alteration of the operating pressure, and, besides, this allows long laterals to be designed. The recommended operating pressure starts from 0.5 – 1.0 atm and reaches 4 – 5 atm. Reaching equal drip flow rate in these systems is realized thanks to an elastic membrane with fixed strength parameters, located at the outlet of the nozzles in a specially arranged bed (nest) for this purpose. The advertisement of the applications of those nozzles in the company catalogs is very intensive but is it true for all types of pressure compensating drippers? In laboratory conditions we carried out hydraulic tests of drip laterals with inside welded pressure compensating drippers, cylinder type, in order to find out the head losses along the drip lateral. The laterals were with a nominal outer diameter 16 mm, inner diameter 13.8 mm, thickness of the wall 1.1 mm and flow rate 2.1 l/h, at intervals of 33 cm between the drippers, with lengths 60, 80 and 100 m. The results showed considerable head losses, with great deviations from the ones obtained by analytic way through formulas. For example, in a 100 m long lateral, the losses reach 60 to 75% of the applied operating pressure at the beginning of the lateral. Some specific data from the tests – in case of inlet pressure of 18, 20 and 25 m, the head losses are respectively 12, 14 and 17 m which means that in case of flat ground and such with back slope it is almost impossible to realize a length of 100 m and more of the lateral. All drippers will not operate at the horizontal part of the curve “pressure-flow rate” but at the transitional part of this curve. It follows from this that irrespectively of the pressure compensating action of those nozzles, this type of laterals will hardly find application in real conditions in the design of an engineering project for drip irrigation respecting the admissible coefficients of the distribution uniformity of the irrigation water.
The same is valid for the other tested laterals as well. Sometimes, laying conventional type of laterals is more appropriate and brings better results. All this is due to the considerable minor head losses in those nozzles because of the sizable constriction of the cross section of the laterals by the nest (bed) of the membrane.
HYDROPOWER PLANT
Authors: Šmelcerović Miodrag
Published: September 2021

Ocean waves are an immense, unused source of energy. Since global attention is nowadays constantly being drawn to the fact that the level of CO2 is rising, creating the so called “greenhouse effect”, and influencing further climate changes, the focus on generating electricity from renewable sources forces itself as an important area of future research. The possibility to exploit the energy potential created by sea waves indisputably exists. Various researches conducted in the field of unused energy sources prove the necessity of seriously considering this potential of sea waves. The illustration of this point in noted in a recently performed estimation that up to 15 per cent of current UK electricity demand could be met by wave energy, and when this is combined with tidal stream generation, even up to 20 per cent of the UK demand for electrical power could be met. This paper introduces the readers to the topic of water power, as a natural source of renewable energy, investigating the possibility of using power of waves as one of the technically and ecologically appropriate solutions of exploiting this renewable natural source. It is a fact widely acknowledged that climate change and global warming are the number-one challenge of the contemporary world; practically every available research predicts that with the current rate of development the world is heading for at least 2, and even more likely 3-4, degrees warmer climate by the end of this century. As energy production and use account for two-thirds of global greenhouse-gas emissions, the energy industry is in a key role to cut emissions – while powering economic growth, boosting energy security and increasing energy access. In view of this, hydropower can make a major contribution to climate change mitigation. Not only is hydropower practically CO₂-free, thus eliminating its possible contribution to the greenhouse effect, but it is also both more efficient and flexible compared with existing fossil alternatives for base load and balancing power. Even though the world is aware of the potential of hydropower, and despite the fact that many wave energy devices are nowadays being investigated, most of these are currently at the research and development stage, with only a small range of devices having been tested at large scale, deployed in the oceans. Thus, one of the goals of this paper would be to present the technology used to turn the power of waves unto electric power, as well as the various types of turbines and devices which represent the latest technological achievements in this area. The goal of this paper is also to present the existing devices, their manner of functioning, and their efficiency and safety from the environmental aspect. It is also important to note that hydropower’s own overall environmental impact is limited, thus making hydropower more benevolent to the environment than other energy sources that have been exploited so far.
WATER POLYUTANTS - RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Jovanovski Filip , Naumoska Ana , Cekova Blagica
Published: September 2021

Radioactive hazardous solid waste occurs with the use of radioisotopes in medical centers and industry, and there are certain amounts of radioactive lightning rods in our country, but more specific knowledge about the quantities of this waste is not known. There are no official collection systems for radioactive waste and there are no disposal facilities. Radioactive waste is small and consists of radioactive materials, usually subject to several legal provisions such as: collection, disposal and finally disposal of radioactive materials in human environment, regulations for the circulation and use of radioactive materials through a certain limit, X-ray devices and other devices that generate ionizing rays and protective measures from these rays. Priorities regarding radioactive waste management are: development of capacity for permanent storage of low and intermediate level radioactive emissions sources in accordance with the existing legal provisions for control and management of radioactive emissions and exposure of the public to them. This paper will describe in detail the radioactivity, radioactive waste, the increase in water temperature as a result of the use of nuclear reactors, the impact of nuclear reactors on water, as well as the way of storing and delaying radioactive waste, as well as the negative consequences caused by the radioactive waste.
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Authors: Šmelcerović Miodrag
Published: September 2021

Waste is any material or object that occurs during the performance of manufacturing, service or other activities. Items excluded from use, and waste materials generated in consumption and that, in terms of producers or consumers are not for further use and must be discarded. The research for this paper has two parts. The first part was to assess the amount of generated municipal waste, so that in the period of fourteen days was measured the quantity of municipal waste before selection, processing and landfilling. This includes also the test was sampling and analyzing morphological composition of waste in the city of Leskovac, in accordance with the European Waste Catalogue which is used for the classification of all wastes and for sorting waste, too. In the second part, solid waste on the basis of cellulose is used for the production of activated carbon, which is then used for the reduction of textile dyes coloration in the wastewater. Based on the results, it can be said that the activated carbon produced from waste paper has potential as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions after dyeing process. Prolonged contact time means a greater amount of dye on the adsorbent, i.e. the dye concentration in the solution decreases with the duration of the adsorption, and the actual amount of adsorbed dye increases with the increase of dye concentration.
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF EPS REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Simić Nikola , Petković Djordje , Šmelcerović Miodrag
Published: September 2021

Polychlorinated biphenyls are of great importance in the production of plastics, synthetic solvents, pesticides and synthetic transformer oils, in the production of insulating materials, paints, varnishes, lubricants, adhesives, hydraulic oil oils, printing colors, working fluids for heat transfer and other . Transformer oils are non-degradable and belong to extremely hazardous environmental pollutants and are classified into group 2A chemicals with probably carcinogenic effects per person. By penetrating the soil permanently pollute the soil and groundwater. By burning them outdoors, a large number of toxic carcinogens are released. It is permitted to use transformers operating in normal operating mode without disturbance and leakage of oil and contain pyralene or polychlorinated biphenyls between 50 and 500 ppm, but their decontamination is required by 2025. Therefore, the obligation was imposed on appropriate procedures to destroy or dehlorinate the transformer oils with dielectric fluids (pyralene, polychlorinated biphenyls). The decontamination product should be a transformer oil with a concentration of dielectric fluid below 50 ppm. The aim of the work is to apply the appropriate degradation technology, ie, decontamination of pyralene or polychlorinated biphenyls. The results of decontamination of transformer oil of PCB at concentrations of about 500 ppm, using base catalyzed destruction, contain all the elements of the best available technology and the best ecological practices of pyralene desertification. The decomposition of pyralene is a dependable process from the concentration of the applied neogene base. In order to purify the treated transformer oil, adsorbents are used: zeolite and activated carbon.
SERIES OF EARTHQUAKES IN THE VLANDOVO EPICENTRAL AREA, MAY – JUNE 2009
Authors: Najdovska Jasmina , Drogreshka Katerina , Chernih Dragana
Published: September 2021

Seismic activity occurred in the Valandovo epicentral area was manifested through a series of weak to moderate earthquakes from May to June 2009. During this period more than a 2000 earthquakes were recorded by the telemetric seismological network of the Republic of Macedonia (SORM) and seismological stations from neighboring countries. Many of these earthquakes were felt on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Bulgaria. The strongest earthquake, with local Richter magnitude ML=5.1 and epicentral intensity Io=VII EMS-1998 scale, was on May 24, 2009, at UTC 16h 17min. According to all instrumental data, our latest investigation of seismic activity parameters for this epicentral area pointed out the activity of Valandovo fault and focal parameters were determined.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SEISMIC AND GEOMECHANICAL MODELS
Authors: Kostadinov Darko
Published: September 2021

The subject of research in this paper is the correlated relations between the seismic and geomechanical characteristics of the medium. A special interest of analysis is made on rocks, which cover a wide area in the Republic of Macedonia, especially in the western part. Field seismic tests are performed at specific locations that define Vp and Vs velocities. At the same locations, geomechanical and engineering-geological research is carried out. Presented dependence between Vp and Vs velocities and geomechanical parameters of the medium: Е - Young's modulus of elasticity, G - shearing modulus and ν - Poisson coefficient. Dependences of these paramform Vp and Vs velocities are calculated, or an attempt is made to assess the geomechanical parameters through analysis of seismic speeds. Qualitative assessment is made on the degree of dependence of seismic velocities Vp and Vs with RQD, RMR and Q parameters of carbonate massifs, as well as with φ - angle of internal friction and с - cohesion of material. Model of the rock masses is relatively simpler than the soil model, where significant influence has subsurface water and many other physical phenomena that are not present in the rock masses or their values are negligible. Any geophysical method is based on measurements of certain parameter, for example, gravity measures the force of gravity or appropriate earth acceleration, or geomagnetism measures the intensity of the magnetic field etc. Seismic methods are based on determination of the propagation velocity of longitudinal Vp and transversal Vs wave, or measurement of the velocity of propagation of the elastic waves in the ground. From engineering point of view, of interest is shallow seismic which exploring goes up to more than 100 m. The usage of geophysical methods, especially seismic, has an irreplaceable role in defining geomechanical parameters of the environment. The best results are obtained if geophysical methods are combined with research drilling and laboratory measurements of the taken samples, or geophysical methods define the locations for exploratory drilling. Based on the field research and laboratory testing, the conditions of the terrain as a natural environment are defined, the soil layers are defined according to the depth of the investigated location, ie the possible interactions between the natural environment and the future construction are predicted. In this phase of the research, the geological structure of the terrain was analyzed by defining the basic parameters of the separated lithological members required for the design phase. During the preparation of the work, a database of knowledge from the geological and geotechnical sciences was used, using modern methods of interpretation of data, own experiences from research on a range of objects and standardized methods of research and testing.
PROCEDURES FOR DIMENSION OF FLEXIBLE ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Glavinov Aleksandar , Dimov Gorgi , Zlatanov Nikola
Published: September 2021

Experience and procedures for dimension of flexible road construction structures is a complex process. Therefore, several dimension methods are used: ASHTO formed in 1959 in the state of Illinois, USA, Federal Association for Public Roads and Transport AASHTO 2004, methods of the Institutes for asphalt formed in 1955 in England ASSHO and WASHO, method of the SHELL group and method of (FAA) Federal Aviation Administration USA. Methods for collecting data and accumulating them in an appropriate project include design levels, predictions of damage, unevenness, assessment of characteristics, design reliability, expected costs, dimension, and predicting the behavior of pavement structures. The AASNTO method is based on the results of an experiment made in the state of Illinois in 1959 and 1960, and the first guideline was published in 1961 since then, updates have been published regularly to track down the latest findings in the area of pavement structures. There are also computer programs designed for using this method, one of which is "FLEXPAVE". The ASSOA and WASHO method appeared in 1955 in England, it is implemented by the asphalt institute. In the upcoming years this method was upgraded in collaboration with the US engineering corps, the US government agencies and the most famous numerical procedures for the time, as well as computer programs "DAMA" "BISAR "And" CHEVRON ". This software enables the monitoring of monthly changes in condition and destruction by entering the corresponding input data. Through the SHELL group method, the pavement structure is viewed as a linear elastic multi-layer system whose layers have their own characteristics that are expressed through the modulus of elasticity Poisson's coefficient. The traffic is expressed through an ESA - an equivalent standard axis, which acts vertically and it is equally distributed over one or more circular surfaces. Through the (FAA) method, the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States has issued a manual for the dimension of pavement structures depending on the mass of the plane, based on its own classification of the ground, the characteristics of the materials that are part of the pavement structure, the loading of the main aircraft, repetition of the load and the frost effect. Based on these parameters, the thickness of the pavement structure is determined. Today, there is software based on the finite element principles of FEAFAA, FEDFAA, BAKFAA return program, and a program for determining the ACN number COMFAA
WORKS ON BRIDGE REINFORCEMENT ON THE ROAD N2
Authors: Morina Naser
Published: September 2021

The overall objectives of the project are identification and description of repair works and reinforced selected bridges on N2 road to meet the required level of security and services for international heavy road traffic. This is in line with the Eurocodes design criteria. Optimum repair methods and reinforcements are required taking into account the whole set of bridges. If possible, the total amount of repair works and reinforcements will be described as a set of additive works in such a way that parts of works can be selected in the near future. These works should be selected depending on the priority aspects of the load capacity, the safety of repair works and reinforcement are defined from the transition of the current state of the bridges to the requirements established in the Euro codes. The state of the bridge is evaluated with regard to the state of the structural elements in combination with the assessment of the carrying capacity of the bridge.
THE TYPOLOGY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Skenderi Fauzi
Published: September 2021

The following article speaks of rural settlements and the ways how are they established. Furthermore, the development of urbanization, the characteristics of the spatial structure of cities and the environmental problems will be discussed. In the geography of settlements, villages as settlements are most often classified according to the following measures: microposition, formation, different demographic elements, physiognomic properties, functions and regional geographic extent. Similarly, we often have such typologies of rural settlements: genetic, demographic, physiognomic, functional and regional typologies of geographic spread of villages. The importantance of the study of rural settlements in the world is shown by the fact that the world's population now lives in 5 million villages and 100,000 cities.
Also, the article will focus on the main subheadings of the paper, such as: genetic typology of rural settlements, demographic typology, physiognomic typology, functional typology, regional typology of geographic extent of rural settlements.
HEALTH ASPECTS OF FAT AND CHOLESTEROL INTAKE IN EVERYDAY HUMAN NUTRITION
Authors: Belichovska Daniela , Pejkovski Zlatko , Silovska Nikolova Aleksandra , Belichovska Katerina
Published: September 2021

Fat and cholesterol are an important group of nutrients that should be limited in the diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular and carcinogenic diseases are associated with fat-rich diets, but also other chronic health problems can be exacerbated by high-fat diet.
Recommendations promoted by the World Health Organization worldwide are reducing fat intake, primarily saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and cholesterol as a way to minimize health risks. All of these recommendations, daily presented to the public, give consumers awareness to take care of their diet.
THE IMPACT OF SUMMER TEMPERATURES ON CERTAIN HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN DAIRY COWS
Authors: Ivanova Rumyana , Hristev Hristo , Tasheva Smiliana
Published: September 2021

In order to determine the impact of summer temperatures on some haematological parameters in dairy cows, we assessed the microclimate in three buildings used for beeding dairy cows. They were kept as a group living on a permanent litter.
We studied the factors of the habitats, behavioral reactions of the animals, body and skin temperature, pulse and breathing frequency. Blood from six animals from each farm, matched by age and physiological condition, was tested for erythrocytes and leukocytes counts as well as hemoglobin values.
Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated using Tom and McDowell formulas. It was found that THI ranged from 75,7 and 80,2 when using Tom`s formula and between 73,0 and 74,4 when using McDowell`s formula.
Body temperature was measured in the physiological norms. Breathing and pulse were slightly accelerated. The values of the haematological indicators showed a rising trend, albeit within the physiological norms for cattle. The variations of the studied indicators are related to changes in the temperature-humidity regime in the buildings.
Based on the results obtained we can assume that the indoor environment for the summer period in all three buildings has a risk for thermal stress.
USING THE STANDARDS IN THE INDUSTRY FOR PRODUCTION OF MILK
Authors: Velkoski Vlado , Petrushevska Bojana
Published: September 2021

The HACCP system in the food industry has a different impact, depending on the structure of the market mechanisms. In order to make a real assessment of the process from the introduction of the HACCP system, as well as the benefit of the analysis, it is necessary to assess the positive effects of the information available to consumers for the purpose of choosing and making the right decision when purchasing food in order to reduce the risk that can be caused by the consumption of food. The analysis also determines the responsibility of a higher level of food safety through measurements that relate to the marginal profit and costs, not only at the level of critical points in the process, but also the marginal profit expected from the investments.
Food quality and safety are part of the most important aspects of food production and distribution. Each manufacturer, through the proper way of managing food safety, has an obligation to offer quality food on the market, with proper nutritional properties, organoleptic properties, hygienically correct, which positively influences the health of consumers.
ESSENTIAL INVOLVEMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN HUNTING IN R. MACEDONIA
Authors: Hristovski Misho , Trajchovski Aleksandar
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to emphasize to all persons involved in forestry, hunting and veterinary medicine, the problem of the occurrence of disease in wild animals, in animal reservoirs, and the maintenance of the disease in the natural environment. With special points for controlling the health condition of wildlife in the hunting ground and knowledge of the possible transfer of certain diseases to domestic animals and humans. Emphasis is placed on high-risk groups, such as foresters, hunters, tourists and researchers of flora and fauna, as well as their protection. The debate provides new perspectives for wildlife diseases, endangered species, diagnosis and prevention. Special emphasis is put on the application of health surveillance in the hunting ground, which as a comprehensive program aims to identify risky moments and their timely treatment. Unlike the previous point of view and resolution of any change (signs of disease) sanitation to shooting, this discussion highlights the negative sides of this approach and sanitation is the last resort, and not a measure of choice. Exceptions are diseases in which specific characteristics expressly require an annual harvest. The game requires avoiding unnecessary loss, and suggests other, more favorable prevention measures. The basic precondition for this approach is, of course, systematic monitoring and interpretation of the results of specialists in the field of flora and fauna. Ultimately, the paper highlights the need to implement protective measures against people and to prevent people's infections.
WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY AS A FACTOR OF THE THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMFORT OF KNITTED FABRICS
Authors: Jordeva Sonja , Golomeova-Longurova Sashka
Published: September 2021

Comfort is not a feature of textile material, but a pleasant feeling in humans affected by many factors, including the characteristics of textile material. Comfort is an important factor for consumers that influences the decision when buying clothes and determines customer satisfaction with products. Thermophysiological comfort refers to the feelings of hot, cold, dry, wet and is influenced by environmental factors such as heat, moisture and movement on the air. In recent years, interest in knitted products has been growing owing to the simple technology for their production, low costs and a high level of comfort of knitted garments. Knitting technology faces rapid changes in terms of the requirements of fashion and customer performance. Knitted fabrics should not only have stretch and provide freedom of movement, but they should also be soft and easily transmit vapor from the body. The demands of consumers regarding the quality of clothing are changing in accordance with the development of textile technology and the rise in the standard of living. Assuring the thermal stability of the human body is one of the most important functions of clothing. Knitted fabrics are hygroscopic and have good thermal conductivity. They have the ability to submit multiple uses without significant changes in external appearance. Clothing that manages the moisture, thus enabling the body to feel dry and comfortable, is one of the main criteria for quality clothing. The ease with which the knitted fabric transports moisture from the body depends on the characteristics of the fiber, that is, the raw material composition, but even more so from the geometric characteristics of the knitted fabric. The paper examined the permeability of water vapor in cotton knitted fabric for underwear made from cotton yarn of the same fineness, embedded in three different interlacing, single jersey, double jersey 1: 1 (rib) and interlock jersey. According to the results, the two-sided interlacing double jersey 1: 1 (rib) and interlock jersey have shown better water vapor transport, which means that t-shirts made from these knitted fabrics will absorb the sweat faster from the body, giving them a feeling of greater comfort. The choice of appropriate clothing for a particular purpose should be made on the basis of user requirements, the thermal characteristics of the material and the interaction between the material and the user in different environments.
ADVANCED WAREHOUSE TECHNOLOGIES – PERSPECTIVES AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Nedeva Biljana , Krstev Dejan
Published: September 2021

The selection of orders means to find a number of products in the warehouse matching a number of independent orders of several customers. It is an important part of the supply and distribution chain, accounting for 65% of the total operating costs of a typical warehouse. The emphasis of this work is on the synchronization of all activities within the manufacturing system, which is a permanent challenge for both a successful manufacture and business in general. For the realization of this research task it is necessary to start with the structure of the manufacturing system and to theemphasis the hierarchy of objectives and also the strategies which should be employed for their realizations. Thevalidity of the concept suggested is estimated out by computer simulation, using the initial data from theindustry. The SAP orPerftech.Largo ERP is a simple and technically updated software for creating effective comprehensive business information systems that can at any time provide users with the desired status information in the company. The most commonly used modules are: finance, human resources management, sales and procurement, external operations, production, material operations.The simulation program starts with a temporary presumption that the materials needed for reproduction are available in the input data of the warehouse. All work orders are processed and sent to the data entry of the warehouse.The program starts the data at the time of occurrence of any work order within the system at the time required for its realization and automatically takes into account the priorities of each working order. The user has an intermediateor material warehouse that enables normal operation of the production process and optimal supply time.
POSSIBILITIES FOR PROVIDING AN INFORMATION SECURITY DURING RETRIEVAL OF NETWORK DATA
Authors: Stoyanova Veselka
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) will connect not only computers and mobile devices, but it will also interconnect smart buildings, homes, and cities, as well as electrical grids, gas, and water networks, automobiles, airplanes, etc. IoT will lead to the development of a wide range of advanced information services that need to be processed in real-time and require data centers with large storage and computing power. In this paper, we present an IoT security framework for smart infrastructures such as Smart Homes (SH) and smart buildings (SB). I also present a general threat model that can be used to develop a security protection methodology for IoT services against cyber-attacks (known or unknown).
HTTP SECURITY HEADERS
Authors: Petkova Lilyana
Published: September 2021

Nowadays security becomes more important than the content and the SEO of a web application. Due to a lack of protection, the number of attacked websites augments in the past few years. In most of the cases, developers are either uninformed or unqualified to implement security during the application development, which causes a huge amount of data flaws.
Supporting the developers and easily managing the workflow, some organizations have developed different kind of guidelines for security integration. Such guide helps handling the security from the outset of the development process, which influence over the protection of the entire application. The one used in this article is a project developed by Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Foundation named OWASP Secure Headers Project. Its aim is to show the developers the balance between usability and security implemented through http headers. By giving general data and examples of HTTP response headers usability it is a platform which help increasing the security of the application.
In this article, we explain the necessity of HTTP Security Headers and how they can help in preventing a cyber invasion in our web application! We will give details on the most important HTTP headers and will retrieve a basic information for some with a lower need. We will give examples for their implementation in one ASP.NET web application to provide more descriptive perspective of their use!
In the recent years, browsers have integrated certain security header controls to support the web application security. Those headers give instructions to the browser how to behave when handling sensitive content and data of the application. If developers enable them in the application, browser will prevent attacks automatically. But not all browsers support them, which brings a compatibility question: what are the alternatives in a case of deprecated header on a specific browser.
As a part of the research we will provide an analyze of the use of the HTTP headers in some of the most common sites used in Bulgaria with the help of ALEXA Top 1 Million sites. There have already been developed a lot of applications to show if a certain website has HTTP security headers implemented. Most of them are freely to use and gives detailed information on what was done and what should be done in case that specific layer of security is missing from the web application.
The need of security in the web applications become more and more necessary. Along with other security implementations on a programming and on a server level the ones described in the article bring another layer of security management that mitigates certain types of cyberattacks and vulnerabilities.
The Role of Ethnicity, Gender and Diversity of Director's Experience on Company Performance
Authors: Rahma Anita Ade , Harahap Titah Fadhilah , Ilona Desi , Aldi Febri
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze the influence of ethnicity, gender and board of director’s experience diversity on the company performance. The data used are secondary data from the financial statements and annual report from 2011 to 2017. Samples were taken  randomly on all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 266 companies. The results of this study prove that ethnicity and experience of the board of directors not significantly effect on company performance (ROS). However, the results of gender on board of directors showed negative and significant impact on company performance (ROS). Company age and audit quality have insignificant effect on company performance (ROS).