bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEMOC: a deep embedded multi-omics learning approach for clustering single-cell CITE-seq data
Authors: Zou Guanhua , Lin Yilong , Han Tianyang , Ou-Yang Le
Published: September 2022

Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has provided an unprecedent opportunity for cell-type identification. As clustering is an effective strategy towards cell-type identification, various computational approaches have been proposed for clustering scRNA-seq data. Recently, with the emergence of cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), the cell surface expression of specific proteins and the RNA expression on the same cell can be captured, which provides more comprehensive information for cell analysis. However, existing single cell clustering algorithms are mainly designed for single-omic data, and have difficulties in handling multi-omics data with diverse characteristics efficiently. In this study, we propose a novel deep embedded multi-omics clustering with collaborative training (DEMOC) model to perform joint clustering on CITE-seq data. Our model can take into account the characteristics of transcriptomic and proteomic data, and make use of the consistent and complementary information provided by different data sources effectively. Experiment results on two real CITE-seq datasets demonstrate that our DEMOC model not only outperforms state-of-the-art single-omic clustering methods, but also achieves better and more stable performance than existing multi-omics clustering methods. We also apply our model on three scRNA-seq datasets to assess the performance of our model in rare cell-type identification, novel cell-subtype detection and cellular heterogeneity analysis. Experiment results illustrate the effectiveness of our model in discovering the underlying patterns of data.
The velocity and quiescence distributions in spontaneous locomotion across animals vary between modes of movement
Authors: Baatrup Erik , Toft Søren
Published: September 2022

Locomotion in animals follows simple mathematical rules: when active, most time is spent at lower velocities and exponentially decreasing time is spent at increasing velocities; when inactive, there is an abundance of short quiescence periods decreasing by an inverse power function towards longer quiescence periods. We investigated whether these mathematical rules are ‘universal’, i.e. followed by all animals independently of their modes of movement (walking, gliding/crawling, swimming) or their habitat (land, water). Using automated video tracking with high temporal and spatial resolution, we investigated the velocity and quiescence period distributions in ten species representing major divisions of the animal kingdom (snails, woodlice, springtail, beetle, fish, reptile, chicken and mouse). We confirm that the two functions are followed by most species, although we also found important exceptions: the snails and woodlice showed uni- or bimodal velocity distributions; the snails did not follow the inverse power law of quiescence periods. Thus, most animals running on legs or swimming follow the expected distributions, while other runners (isopods) and substrate gliders/crawlers (snails) do not. We suggest a difference in velocity distribution between animals that use running to escape predators and those that do not (snails and woodlice).
Evaluating the drivers and engines of morphological diversification in the invasive geckoHemidactylus mabouia(Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Luzete Juliana , Giugliano Lilian G , Klaczko Julia
Published: September 2022

Development determines the range of possible phenotypes that can be produced and exposed to selection and has a major role in the evolutionary trajectories of species. Nevertheless, development is itself subject to evolutionary forces. Here, we describe differences at the ontogenetic and population levels in head and limb proportions of the invasive gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, to assess the developmental mechanisms and extrinsic forces associated with morphological diversification during colonization of novel habitats. We have found that allometric trajectories of most skeletal traits remain constant throughout postnatal development. Linear morphometric analysis did not find multivariate differences between ontogenetic stages or sexes. When comparing populations, our results showed that the divergence of the corresponding external measures was explained by shifts in the intercept of static allometry curves, indicating that differences arose early in development. Populations aggregated into two morphological groups that did not correspond to the groups formed on the basis of genetic structure. Using two different approaches, we found support for an adaptive hypothesis when comparing observed patterns of morphological variation with that expected under neutral evolutionary models.
Associations between objectively measured patterns of sedentary behaviour and arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling older women
Authors: Du Litao , Li Guangkai , Ren Pengfei , He Qiang , Pan Yang , Chen Si , Zhang Xianliang
Published: September 2022

Aims

Arterial stiffness is an important risk factor of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with increased risk for chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and poor health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the associations of objectively measured patterns of SB with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling older women.

Methods and results

Cross-sectional data were derived from the baseline survey of the Physical Activity and Health in Older Women Study. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), CAVI ≥ 9 was defined as cut-off point. Sedentary behaviour patterns including sedentary time in SB bouts of ≥10, 30, and 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥10, 30, and 60 min, were measured via tri-axial accelerometers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations of different SB patterns with arterial stiffness. Of the total 1125 women aged 60–70, the prevalence of CAVI ≥ 9 was 25.8%. After adjustment for confounding factors, only sedentary time in SB bout ≥30 and 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥60 min were associated with arterial stiffness, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.06 (1.00–1.12) and 1.11 (1.03–1.20) per 30 min increase per day, 1.35 (1.05–1.74) per bout per day, respectively.

Conclusions

Longer duration of prolonged SB periods was associated with higher level of arterial stiffness. Shortening and interrupting accumulated periods of SB may be an achievable strategy to reduce risk of CVD in self-care and cardiovascular nursing.
Surface deformations and gravity changes caused by pressurized finite ellipsoidal cavities
Authors: Nikkhoo Mehdi , Rivalta Eleonora
Published: September 2022

We develop quasi-analytical solutions for the surface deformation field and gravity changes due to the pressurization of a finite (triaxial) ellipsoidal cavity in a half-space. The solution is in the form of a non-uniform distribution of triaxial point sources within the cavity. The point sources have the same aspect ratio, determined by the cavity shape, while their strengths and spacing are determined in an adaptive manner, such that the net point-source potency per unit volume is uniform. We validate and compare our solution with analytical and numerical solutions. We provide computationally efficient MATLAB codes tailored for source inversions. This solution opens the possibility of exploring the geometry of shallow magma chambers for potential deviations from axial symmetry.
Essential Cases: Land Law
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in land law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decisions. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Aruna Nair, including her assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.
Essential Cases: Tort Law
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in tort law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decision. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Craig Purshouse, including his assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.
Wightman and others v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Case C-621/18), EU:C:2018:999, 10 December 2018
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Wightman and others (Case C-621/18), EU:C:2018:999, 10 December 2018. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Essential Cases: Public Law
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in public law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decision. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Thomas Webb, including his assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision for you to consider.
R v Secretary of State for the Environment, ex parte Rose Theatre Trust Co. [1990] 1 QB 504, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Secretary of State for the Environment, ex parte Rose Theatre Trust Co. [1990] 1 QB 504, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division). The case concerned whether an interest group formed to protect a recently rediscovered Elizabethan theatre had sufficient interest to bring a judicial review against a decision not to protect the theatre. The case is considered with the Fleet Street Casuals case [1982] AC 617 and Greenpeace (No. 2) [1994] 2 CMLR 548 in mind. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] UKHL 26, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] UKHL 26, House of Lords. This case considered whether a blanket policy excluding prisoners from cell searches was a proportionate response that was necessary to achieve the aim of that policy. There is also discussion of whether the common law could provide an alternative system of rights protection to that under the Human Rights Act 1998. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Contract Law
Authors: Chen-Wishart Mindy
Published: September 2022

Contract Law offers a new approach, utilising diagrams and commentary boxes to complement the text. The book explains the intricacies of contract law by reference to the questions that arise during the life of a contract. Part I of the book introduces contract law. Part II looks at contract formation: the finding of agreement and meeting the criteria of enforceability. Part III focuses on the position of third parties who may benefit or be burdened by the contract. Part IV considers the reasons for allowing a party to escape the contract, namely the vitiating factors of misrepresentation and non-disclosure, mistake, frustration, duress, undue influence, and unconscionability. Part V looks at how to determine the contents of contracts: express, implied, and collateral terms, and examines their interpretation and enforceability. Part VI considers the breach of a contract and the availability of the remedies of termination, damages, and specific and agreed remedies. Part VII examines whether obligations of good faith should be recognised in current contract law and how that might affect the way we understand contract law.
The Law of Trusts
Authors: Penner J E
Published: September 2022

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. The Law of Trusts provides perceptive analysis and original and thought-provoking commentary to give students a grounding in what is considered to be a difficult subject. The book introduces the controversies surrounding the topic in a clear way allowing the student reader to appreciate the subject’s theoretical issues and difficulties, engaging the reader and giving an all-round picture of the key issues relating to the subject. Each chapter of this edition has been thoroughly revised to bring into focus the modern law of trusts. New to this edition, Chapters 4 and 11, examine important trusts which rarely get significant coverage in their own right: the modern discretionary trust, the solicitor-agent trust, the Quistclose trust, and the unincorporated association trust.
Contract Law
Authors: McKendrick Ewan
Published: September 2022

Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials provides a complete guide to the subject of contract law. The book comprises a balance of 60 per cent text to 40 per cent cases and materials. Its clear explanations and analyses of the law provide support to students, while the extracts from cases and materials promote the development of essential case reading skills and allow for a more detailed appreciation of the practical workings of the law and of the best legal scholarship. Part I of the book examines the rules relating to the existence of an agreement (particularly offer and acceptance, uncertain and incomplete agreements, and consideration and promissory estoppel). Part II covers the terms of the contract, including implied terms, interpretation, boilerplate clauses, exclusion clauses, unfair terms in consumer contracts, and good faith. Part III examines topics such as mistake, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, unconscionability, inequality of bargaining power, and frustration and force majeure. Part IV turns to breaches of contract and termination, damages, and specific performance. The last part, Part V, concentrates on third parties.
Medical Law and Ethics
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Medical Law and Ethics covers not only the core legal principles, key cases, and statutes that govern medical law, but also explores the key ethical debates and dilemmas that exist in the field to ensure that the law is firmly embedded within its context. The title highlights these debates, drawing angles from other jurisdictions, religious beliefs, and feminist perspectives which influence legal regulations. Other features such as ‘a shock to the system’, ‘public opinion’, and ‘reality check’ introduce further sociological aspects, contributing to the way in which the subject is approached. This new edition also includes a new chapter on the medical law governing children and discussion of the response to the COVID pandemic. It also discusses important developments in the case law governing the Mental Capacity Act, clinical negligence, abortion, and reproduction.
Land Law
Authors: Bevan Chris
Published: September 2022

Academically rigorous yet welcoming and fully attuned to the needs of the student reader, Land Law represents a new breed of textbook, blending traditional and contemporary teaching approaches to guide its readers to a confident understanding of the subject. With a lively, engaging writing style and distinctive way of speaking directly to students, anticipating questions and areas of confusion, Bevan’s book does not simply set out the law but actively teaches it. Clear explanations are complemented by frequent, carefully crafted visual aids and topics are broken down into sections that are easy to digest and navigate. ‘Key case’ boxes offer concise insights on leading cases, spurring further reading of primary material, and ‘Future directions’ conclusions for each chapter consider future implications and likely reforms. Balancing brevity with detail and rigour with accessibility, Land Law is a truly modern textbook that supports and motivates its readers, helping them to understand and enjoy what can be a complex subject.
Selwyn's Law of Employment
Authors: Emir Astra
Published: September 2022

Selwyn’s Law of Employment is regarded as essential reading by law students and practising lawyers, and those studying employment law in a business or professional environment. This edition continues Norman Selwyn’s practical approach to the subject, providing a succinct account of all areas of employment law. Both individual and collective employment law issues are considered, alongside a broad range of UK and EU case law. New to this edition, the text provides coverage of the new IR35 legislation and the new immigration rules as well as an overview of the coronavirus legislation as it relates to employment, such as compulsory vaccination, the furlough scheme and self-isolation. There is also an up-to-date discussion of the gig economy employment status case law, and freedom of expression, and belief.
Concentrate Questions and Answers Tort Law
Authors: Dyer Karen , Balan Anil
Published: September 2022

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Concentrate Questions and Answers Tort Law aims to provide the skills for success in exams in this area of law. It starts off by looking at negligence in terms of duty of care, breach of duty and causation and remoteness of damage. It then looks at employers’ liability and vicarious liability. It also considers product and occupiers liabilities. It examines intentional torts. It looks at the case Rylands v Fletcher. General defences and damages are also considered. Finally, it provides mix topic questions and looks at coursework assessments.
Evidence Concentrate
Authors: Spencer Maureen , Spencer John
Published: September 2022

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Evidence Concentrate is supported by extensive online resources to take your learning further. Written by experts, it covers all the key topics so you can approach your exams with confidence. The clear, succinct coverage enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps you succeed in exams. This guide has been rigorously reviewed and is endorsed by students and lecturers for level of coverage, accuracy, and exam advice. It is clear, concise, and easy to use, helping you get the most out of your revision. After an introduction, the book covers principles and key concepts; burden of proof; confessions and the defendant’s silence; improperly obtained evidence, other than confessions; character evidence; hearsay evidence; competence and compellability, special measures; identification evidence and questioning at trial; opinion evidence; public interest immunity; and privilege.
Land Law Concentrate
Authors: Sayles Victoria
Published: September 2022

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Land Law Concentrate covers the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps the reader to succeed in exams. The book starts by looking at proprietary rights. It goes on to distinguish between legal and equitable rights. It also looks at registered land, unregistered land, the freehold estate, the leasehold estate, and leasehold covenants. It also examines trusts of land, co-ownership, licences, proprietary estoppel, easements and profits, freehold covenants, and mortgages. This edition has been updated to include recent case law and exceptions to the principles of the Land Registration Act 2002.
Evidence
Authors: Munday Roderick
Published: September 2022

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. Written by leading academics and renowned for their clarity, these concise texts explain the intellectual challenges of each area of the law. Evidence provides students with a succinct yet thought-provoking introduction to all of the key areas covered on undergraduate law of evidence courses. Vibrant and engaging, the book sets out to demystify a traditionally intimidating area of law. Probing analysis of the issues, both historical and current, ensures that the text contains a thorough exploration of the ‘core’ of the subject. The book covers: the relevance and admissibility of evidence; presumptions and the burden of proof; witnesses: competence, compellability and various privileges; the course of the trial; witnesses’ previous consistent statements and the remnants of the rule against narrative; character and credibility; evidence of the defendant’s bad character; the opinion rule and the presentation of expert evidence; the rule against hearsay; confessions; drawing adverse inferences from a defendant’s omissions, lies or false alibis; and identification evidence. A clearly structured introduction, this is the ideal text for any student who may find evidence a somewhat forbidding subject.
Company Law
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2022

Company Law guides the reader through the intricacies of the subject with expert analysis of the application of principles to real-life cases. The chapters provide comprehensive coverage of all core aspects of company law. The relationship between company law and corporate governance is explored, ensuring that readers have a full picture of how and why companies are create d and regulated. Topics include: the formation and nature of the company; the board of directors; membership of the company; and corporate rescue, restructuring, and insolvency; and new subjects such as the effects of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union and the impact upon company law of the COVID-19 pandemic.
5. The constitution of the company
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the various sources of a company’s constitution, how the constitution is amended and interpreted, and how the constitution can be enforced. A company’s constitution includes its articles, all resolutions and agreements affecting the company’s constitution, and other constitutional documents. All companies must have a memorandum of association, but its importance is now much reduced. As such, the articles of association form the principal constitutional document and set out the internal rules by which the company is to be run. The articles can be amended by passing a special resolution, but both statute and the common law impose limits on a company’s ability to amend its articles. Meanwhile, section 33 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) provides that the company’s constitution forms a contract between the company and its members, and between the members themselves.
8. Director appointment and board composition
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2022

This chapter addresses the process by which directors are appointed and remunerated, the various board structures, and the importance of board diversity. All companies are required to appoint a director, with the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) providing that a private company must have at least one director, and a public company at least two directors. Every public company must also appoint a company secretary. Before a person is appointed as a director, that person and the company will usually negotiate to determine the new director’s remuneration package. Remuneration practices tend to differ markedly, depending on company size. The two most common board structures in the world are the unitary board and the two-tier board. Meanwhile, in recent years, board diversity has become a major governance topic. The focus to date has been on increasing gender diversity in the boardroom, but recent attention has also focused on ethnic diversity.
Commercial Law Concentrate
Authors: Baskind Eric
Published: September 2022

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Commercial Law Concentrate is supported by extensive online resources to take your learning further. It has been written by experts and covers all the key topics so you can approach your exams with confidence. The clear, succinct coverage enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps you to succeed in exams. This guide has been rigorously reviewed and is endorsed by students and lecturers for level of coverage, accuracy, and exam advice. It is clear, concise, and easy to use, helping you to get the most out of your revision. After an introduction to contracts of the sale of goods, the book covers: statutory implied terms; passing of property and risk; retention of title clauses; exclusion and limitation clauses; non-existence and perishing of goods; transfer of ownership by a non-owner; delivery, acceptance, and payment; remedies of the unpaid seller; remedies of the buyer; consumer credit; the creation of agency and the agent’s authority; and the relationships created by agency—the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Ashworth's Principles of Criminal Law
Authors: Horder Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Principles of Criminal Law takes a distinctly different approach to the study of criminal law, while still covering all of the vital topics found on criminal law courses. Uniquely theoretical, it seeks to elucidate the underlying principles and foundations of the criminal law, and aims to engage readers by analysing the law contextually. This tenth edition looks at issues such as the law’s history and criminal law values, alongside criminal conduct, actus reus, causation, and permissions; criminal capacity, mens rea, and fault, excusatory defences; homicide; non-fatal violations; property crimes; financial crimes; complicity; and inchoate offences. A special aim of the book is to bring an understanding of business activity—in particular small business activity—closer to the centre of the stage, in a discussion of the values protected by the criminal law and of the way in which the law shapes its principles, rules, and standards. A large proportion of criminal offences are drafted with the conduct of businesses, as well as individuals, in mind.
Concentrate Questions and Answers Employment Law
Authors: Russell Roseanne
Published: September 2022

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for law students tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary, and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This book offers clear advice on what to expect in typical employment law exams. It addresses a wide range of employment law topics that are most often encountered in employment law courses, including questions on ‘mixed’ topics. The book provides sample essay and problem questions to allow students to practise and refine exam skills. These are supported by suggested answers and diagram plans. Detailed author commentary explains what examiners are looking for, traps to avoid, and how students can best achieve their potential. This book also includes separate chapters on skills and tips for success in both exams and in coursework assessments. It is an ideal tool to help support revision or to use throughout studies to help review learning.
Koffman, Macdonald & Atkins' Law of Contract
Authors: Atkins Ruth
Published: September 2022

Koffman, Macdonald & Atkins’ Law of Contract provides a clear, academically rigorous, account of the contract law which is written in a style which makes it highly accessible to university students new to legal study. It works from extensive consideration of the significant cases, to provide students with a firm grounding in the way the common law functions. There are chapters on formation, certainty, consideration, promissory estoppel, intention to create legal relations, express and implied terms, classification of terms, exemption clauses, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, unfair terms in consumer contracts, mistake, misrepresentation, duress and undue influence, illegality, unconscionability, privity, performance and breach, frustration, damages, and specific enforcement, as well as companion website chapters on capacity and an outline of the law of restitution. Recent cases which are of particular note in this, the tenth edition, include the Supreme Court cases of: Wells v Devani (2019) on interpretation and implied terms, Pakistan International Airlines Corporation v Times Travel (UK) Limited (2021) on lawful act economic duress, Morris- Garner v One-Step (Support) Ltd (2019) and Triple Point Technology Inc v PTT Public Company Ltd (2021) on the law of damages, and Tillman v Egon Zehnder (2019) on illegality and severance, re-affirmed in the Court of Appeal ruling in Quantum Actuarial LLP v Quantum Advisory Ltd (2021). Further important Court of Appeal decisions include: TRW v Panasonic (2021) on ‘battle of the forms’, Ark Shipping v Silverburn Shipping (2019) on classification of terms, FSHC Holdings v GLAS Trust (2019) on the equitable remedy of rectification, considered within the chapter on the doctrine of mistake, and Classic Maritime Inc v Limbungan Makmur (2019) on the interpretation of force majeure clauses and the scope of the doctrine of frustration, issues which rapidly elevated in significance leading up to Brexit and upon the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Notable first instance decisions which have tested frustration in light of these events include Canary Wharf (BP4) T1 Ltd and others v European Medicines Agency (2019) in the context of Brexit, and Salam Air SAOC v Latam Airlines Group SA (2020) on the impact of Covid-19. Additional High Court rulings considered within this edition include Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Saeed Bin Shakhboot Al Nehayan v Ioannis Kent (2018) and Bates v Post Office Ltd (2019) on good faith, and Neocleous v Rees (2019) on electronic signatures coupled with the findings of the Law Commission Report on Electronic Execution of Documents (2019) Law Com No 386.
The Successful Law Student: An Insider's Guide to Studying Law
Authors: Moore Imogen , Newbery-Jones Craig
Published: September 2022

The Successful Law Student provides insights, advice, and perspectives on the law student experience. The focus is on the things that can make a big difference to the student experience and ultimate success on the law degree or in other legal study, including making a smooth transition to university level law study; getting the most out of different classes, opportunities, and feedback; advice on how to approach law assessments; and finding a rewarding career. Complemented by a variety of insider voices, which add valuable context and real-life insight, the text incorporates the expertise of experienced law teachers and others to explore the learning process in law and look beyond it to consider what success means and provide support in dealing with the pressures of legal study.
Identifying Paucisymptomatic or Asymptomatic and Unrecognized Ebola Virus Disease Among Close Contacts Based on Exposure Risk Assessments and Screening Algorithms
Authors: Gayedyu-Dennis Dehkontee , Fallah Mosoka P , Drew Clara , Badio Moses , Moses J S , Fayiah Tamba , Johnson Kumblytee , Richardson Eugene T , Weiser Sheri D , Porco Travis C , Martin Jeffrey N , Sneller Michael C , Rutherford George W , Reilly Cavan , Lindan Christina P , Kelly J D
Published: September 2022

Background

There is limited evidence to evaluate screening algorithms with rapid antigen testing and exposure assessments as identification strategies for paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic Ebola virus (EBOV) infection and unrecognized EBOV disease (EVD).

Methods

We used serostatus and self-reported postexposure symptoms from a cohort study to classify contact-participants as having no infection, paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic infection, or unrecognized EVD. Exposure risk was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. We created hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition with or without rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) or exposure assessments.

Results

This analysis included 990 EVD survivors and 1909 contacts, of whom 115 (6%) had paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic EBOV infection, 107 (6%) had unrecognized EVD, and 1687 (88%) were uninfected. High-risk exposures were drivers of unrecognized EVD (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 2.4–4.9]). To identify contacts with unrecognized EVD who test negative by the WHO case definition, the sensitivity was 96% with RDT (95% confidence interval, 91%–99%), 87% with high-risk exposure (82%–92%), and 97% with intermediate- to high-risk exposures (93%–99%). The proportion of false-positives was 2% with RDT and 53%–93% with intermediate- and/or high-risk exposures.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the utility and trade-offs of sequential screening algorithms with RDT or exposure risk assessments as identification strategies for contacts with unrecognized EVD.
Effects of aSaccharomyces cerevisiaefermentation product-supplemented diet on circulating immune cells and oxidative stress markers of dogs
Authors: Wilson Sofia M , Oba Patricia M , Koziol Samantha A , Applegate Catherine C , Soto-Diaz Katiria , Steelman Andrew J , Panasevich Matthew R , Norton Sharon A , Swanson Kelly S
Published: September 2022

Feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) has previously altered fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and immune function of adult dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate measures of skin and coat health, changes in circulating immune cell numbers and activity, antioxidant status, and oxidative stress marker concentrations of healthy adult dogs fed a SCFP-supplemented extruded diet. Sixteen adult English Pointer dogs (8 M, 8 F; mean age = 6.7 ± 2.1 yr; mean BW = 25.9 ± 4.5 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design study. All dogs were fed a control diet for 4 wk, then randomly assigned to either the control or SCFP-supplemented diet (0.13% of active SCFP) and fed to maintain BW for 10 wk. A 6-wk washout preceded the second 10-wk experimental period with dogs receiving opposite treatments. After baseline/washout and treatment phases, skin and coat were scored, and pre and postprandial blood samples were collected. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration status, and sebum concentrations were measured (back, inguinal, ear) using external probes. Oxidative stress and immune cell function were measured by ELISA, circulating immune cell percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of oxidative stress genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. Change from baseline data was analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. Sebum concentration changes tended to be higher (P < 0.10; inguinal, ear) in SCFP-fed dogs than in controls. TEWL change was lower (P < 0.05) on the back of controls, but lower (P = 0.054) on the ear of SCFP-fed dogs. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response was affected by diet and time post-inoculation. Other skin and coat measures and scores were not affected by diet. Changes in unstimulated lymphocytes and stimulated IFN-γ secreting T cells were lower (P < 0.05) in SCFP-fed dogs, while changes in stimulated T cells were lower (P < 0.05) in control-fed dogs. Upon stimulation, the percentage of cytotoxic T cells delta trended lower (P < 0.10) in SCFP-fed dogs. Change in serum superoxide dismutase concentrations was higher (P < 0.05) and change in catalase mRNA expression was lower (P < 0.05) in SCFP-fed dogs. All other measurements of immune cell populations, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression were unaffected by treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that SCFP positively impacts indicators of skin and coat health of dogs, modulates immune responses, and enhances some antioxidant defense markers.
Tests of Acaricides against House Dust Mites
Authors: Heller-Haupt Agnes , Busvine J. R.
Published: September 2022

This paper describes tests of acaricides against the mite Dermatophagoides farinae, a close relative of D. pteronyssinus, which is involved in house dust allergy. A simple screening test was developed, in which mites in a cloth envelope were exposed to a residue of acaricide. For semi-practical trials, pieces of cloth treated with compounds selected in the screening tests were kept in beds. At intervals, pieces were cut off to assess their residual acaricidal potency, by the screening test method. A gas-flow type apparatus was constructed to assess the fumigant effect of saturated and fractionally saturated vapors from certain acaricides. Simple tests proved that some of them had fumigant action, at a short distance, in an open room. Samples of dust were collected from asthmatic patients' rooms ard examined for live and dead mites. The problems of practical trials of acaricides to reduce mite-induced asthma are discussed.
Resistance of Purebred Brahman, Hereford, and Brahman x Hereford Crossbred Cattle to the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma Americanum (Acarina: Ixodidae)
Authors: Strother G. R. , Burns E. C. , Smart L. I.
Published: September 2022

Differences in resistance to the lone star tick, Amblyomim americanum, between Brahman and European breed cattle were compared. Purebred Hereford, purebred Brahman, and Brahman X Eereford crossbred steers were infested 3 times with 300 male and 300 female ticks per animal. Number and weight of replete female ticks dropped from each animal, as well as the percentage of eggs hatched were used as criteria of resistance. The number of female ticks feeding to repletion on an animal was found to be positively correlated with the weight of the replete ticks. All test cattle acquired a high level of resistance to the lone star tick by the 3rd cycle of infestation as indicated by significant reduction in numbers and weights of replete female ticks. The average number and weight of engorged female tioks per animal suggest that the purebred Hereford steers were considerably less resistant than both the Brahman X Hereford crossbred steers and purebred Brahman steers. Hatchability of eggs from female ticks fed on purebred Brahman steers was significantly lower than that of eggs from females fed on purebred Hereford and Brahman X Hereford crossbred steers.
Aedes (Finlaya) Maffii, A New Species of Mosquito from the British Solomon Islands (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Taylor Brian , Tenorio J. A.
Published: September 2022

Aedes (Finlaya) maffii Taylor & Tenorio, n. sp., a member of the kochi group, is described from Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands Protectorate. The species is also reported from Sikaiana, Stewart Islands, B.S.I.P.
A New Species of Lynxacarus (Acarina: Astigmata: Listrophoridae) from Felis Catus in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Tenorio JoAnn M.
Published: September 2022

A nww species of fur mite, Lynxacarus radovskyi, found parasitizing the domestic cat on Oahu and Kauai Islands of the Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated.
Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) from Ethiopia: Taxonomic and Biological Notes
Authors: Ashford R. W.
Published: September 2022

A checklist is given of the 39 species of sandflies which have been recorded from Ethiopia. The penetration of 15 species of the predominantly Palaearctic genus Phlebotomus into this area is established. Observations are recorded on the distribution and habits of many of the species, and the mating and plant-feeding habits of P. orientalis and P. longipes, in particular, are discussed. Records are given of protozoan, nematode, cestode s.ncl acarine parasites.
The Fate and Migratory Patterns of the Infective Larvae of Brugia Malayi, Dirofilaria Immitis and Breinlia Sergenti in Aedes Togoi Denied Access to a Host
Authors: Ho Beng-Chuan , Singh Mulkit , Yap Eu-Hian
Published: September 2022

The developing larvae of Brugia malayi, Breinlia sergenti and Dirofilaria immitis occur in the muscle, the fat body and the malpighian tubules of mosquitoes, respectively. The fate and migratory patterns of their infective larvae were investigated in Aedes togoi maintained only on honey and water and denied the opportunity of a post-infecting blood meal. The migratory patterns of these 3 filariae were fairly similar. There was a rapid increase of infective larvae in the headproboscis region during the first 2-4 days after the incubation period and a marked spontaneous escape of infective larvae from the mosquitoes during this period. There were no significant differences in the migratory pattern of infective larvae of B. sergenti in A. togoi fed on slow lorises with either moderate or high microfilaraemia.
Theoretical investigation of energy levels and transitions for Pr iv
Authors: Gaigalas G , Rynkun P , Banerjee S , Tanaka M , Kato D , Radžiūtė L
Published: September 2022

We present extensive energy levels (1110 levels) and transition data for the Pr iv. We also show the effect of such atomic data on opacity for neutron star (NS) merger. We performed energy spectra and transition data calculations using the GRASP2018 package, which is based on the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods. Using the GRASP2018 data, the opacities in the NS merger ejecta containing pure Pr are calculated. Energy levels are compared with recommended values from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and other available works. Furthermore, electric dipole (E1) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above levels. We estimate the uncertainties of the computed line strengths giving the accuracy class. The computed line strengths are also compared with other theoretical computations. We proposed few ways to estimate the uncertainties of the line strengths of the E1 transitions. Our calculation for opacity for a typical condition of NS merger ejecta at t ∼ 1 d shows that the Planck mean opacity of Pr3 + reaches $\sim 1\, \rm cm^{2}\, g^{-1}$ at $T\, \sim \, 15000$ K. The opacity is higher than that by the previous studies, thanks to the higher completeness of the atomic data. We also highlight the importance of accurate atomic data for the opacity by comparing it with the opacity using the atomic calculation from HULLAC. Moreover, we identify the important configurations, especially for the transitions between the high-lying levels for the opacity of 3+ ionized lanthanides.
Comprehensive Targeted Treatment for Neuropathic and Nociceptive Pain in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Mihailescu-Marin Maria-Mirabela , Mosoiu Daniela Viorica , Dima Lorena
Published: September 2022

Background:

Pain is a common symptom in patients with advanced, metastatic, or terminal cancer. Neuropathic pain and psycho-emotional suffering are factors that increase the difficulty of pain management. Pain control in patients with cancer remains a challenge for medical professionals.

Study Question:

What is the evolution of neuropathic/mixed pain compared with nociceptive pain under standardized treatment in patients with cancer?

Study Design:

A prospective, longitudinal, open-label, nonrandomized study was conducted on patients with cancer pain.

Measures and Outcomes:

Pain type was assessed at admission using the modified Brief Pain Inventory, and pain intensity was assessed daily using the Numerical Rating Scale for 14 days and on days 21 and 28. Screening of depression was performed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients with pain and depression received analgesics with antidepressants, while patients without depression received analgesics or analgesics with an anticonvulsant depending on the pain subtype.

Results:

Of 72 patients, 23 had nociceptive pain and 49 had neuropathic/mixed pain. At admission, pain intensity was higher for patients with neuropathic/mixed pain compared with nociceptive pain (mean values: 7.06 vs. 5.82) with statistical significance (P = 0.001) and remained as such at the end of this study (mean values: 3.77 vs. 2.73). A decrease in the mean pain intensity was observed in all types of pain, but without statistical significance regardless of pain type and treatment protocol used (P = 0.77). If depression was present, antidepressants combined with analgesics decreased pain and depression scores significantly (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Patients with neuropathic/mixed pain have higher levels of pain and lower response to treatment. Identifying psycho-emotional suffering can improve pain control by intervening in the physical and psycho-emotional components of pain.
Residual Disease After Primary Surgical Treatment for Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Part 2: Network Meta-analysis Incorporating Expert Elicitation to Adjust for Publication Bias
Authors: Bryant Andrew , Grayling Michael , Elattar Ahmed , Gajjar Ketankumar , Craig Dawn , Vale Luke , Naik Raj
Published: September 2022

Background:

Previous work has identified a strong association between the achievements of macroscopic cytoreduction and improved overall survival (OS) after primary surgical treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Despite the use of contemporary methodology, resulting in the most comprehensive currently available evidence to date in this area, opponents remain skeptical.

Areas of Uncertainty:

We aimed to conduct sensitivity analyses to adjust for potential publication bias, to confirm or refute existing conclusions and recommendations, leveraging elicitation to incorporate expert opinion. We recommend our approach as an exemplar that should be adopted in other areas of research.

Data Sources:

We conducted random-effects network meta-analyses in frequentist and Bayesian (using Markov Chain Montel Carlo simulation) frameworks comparing OS across residual disease thresholds in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after primary cytoreductive surgery. Elicitation methods among experts in gynecology were used to derive priors for an extension to a previously reported Copas selection model and a novel approach using effect estimates calculated from the elicitation exercise, to attempt to adjust for publication bias and increase confidence in the certainty of the evidence.

Therapeutic Advances:

Analyses using data from 25 studies (n = 20,927 women) all showed the prognostic importance of complete cytoreduction (0 cm) in both frameworks. Experts accepted publication bias was likely, but after adjustment for their opinions, published results overpowered the informative priors incorporated into the Bayesian sensitivity analyses. Effect estimates were attenuated but conclusions were robust in all analyses.

Conclusions:

There remains a strong association between the achievement of complete cytoreduction and improved OS even after adjustment for publication bias using strong informative priors formed from an expert elicitation exercise. The concepts of the elicitation survey should be strongly considered for utilization in other meta-analyses.