bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DAN SISWA MELALUI PEMBUATAN WEBSITE SEKOLAH DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL IHSAN PANDEGLANG
Authors: Octa Indarso Andhika , Yoga Sembada Windhiadi , B. Pangaribuan Artambo
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Website is a media tool that can be used by anyone, including educational institutions as a means of official, fast, and accessible communication from anywhere. This community service activity held at the Al-Ihsan Pandeglang Islamic Boarding School has a purpose to improve the abilities and self-development of teachers and students in the world of computers, especially website creation. It is hoped that, after receiving the website creation training, both teachers and students can develop and manage the school's website independently. The problems faced by partners at this time are the absence of specific ICT learning, teachers with limited ICT abilities, students who only have the ability to type, and the absence of an official school website. The implementation method used is assisting in making websites from content to management In this mentoring, pre-test and post-test surveys were also carried out to see the level of knowledge and the effects of the assistance provided. The results of the pre-test and post-test provided showed an increase in knowledge for participants by 29.31% for basic website creation, and an increase of 34.48% for knowledge related to website content. The conclusion is that this assistance is effective in increasing participants' knowledge of the creation and management of website content. 

Abstrak

Website menjadi sarana media yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh siapa saja tak terkecuali oleh institusi pendidikan sebagai sarana komunikasi yang resmi, cepat, dan bisa diakses dari mana saja. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang diselenggarakan di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al-Ihsan Pandeglang ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan pengembangan diri bagi para guru dan siswa dalam dunia komputer khususnya pembuatan website, diharapkan setelah menerima pelatihan pembuatan website, baik guru maupun siswa dapat mengembangkan serta mengelola secara mandiri website milik sekolah. Adapun permasalahan yang dihadapi Mitra saat ini adalah tidak adanya pembelajaran TIK secara khusus, guru dengan kemampuan TIK terbatas, siswa yang hanya memiliki kemampuan mengetik, serta tidak adanya website sekolah secara resmi.Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah melakukan pendampingan pembuatan website mulai dari konten sampai pengelolaan, dalam pendampingan tersebut dilaksanakan juga survei pre test dan post test untuk melihat sejauh mana tingkat pengetahuan dan efek dari pendampingan yang diberikan. Hasil dari pre test dan post test yang diberikan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan bagi peserta sebesar 29.31% untuk dasar pembuatan website, dan kenaikan 34,48% untuk pengetahuan terkait konten website. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah pendampingan ini efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta terhadap pembuatan dan pengelolaan konten website.
PROGRAM PSIKOEDUKASI POSITIVE PARENTING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENGASUHAN ORANGTUA DI KELURAHAN JATI ASIH, KECAMATAN JATI ASIH, KOTA BEKASI, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Mauna  , Akbar Zarina , Zakiah Ernita
Published: July 2021

Abstrak

Sebagian besar warga di Kelurahan Jati Asih, Kota Bekasi bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga, sehingga banyak orangtua yang menitipkan anak-anaknya untuk di asuh oleh kakek dan nenek atau pengasuh. Kesibukan orangtua, menjadi salah satu alasan anak jarang memiliki waktu bersama dengan orangtuanya, sehingga anak-anak kehilangan pengasuhan yang seharusnya di dapatkan langsung dari orangtua. Tidak jarang orangtua belum memiliki pemahaman pentingnya kualitas pengasuhan orangtua dalam menstimulasi perkembangan anak. Oleh karena, itu dinilai penting untuk memberikan program psikoedukasi ke masyarakat khususnya orangtua mengenai upaya peningkatan kualitas pengasuhan orangtua ke anak melalui metode positive parenting orangtua di Kelurahan Jati Asih, Kota Bekasi. Program ini khususnya memberikan psikoedukasi kepada orangtua yang berada di Kelurahan Jati Asih, Kota Bekasi. Namun program ini juga memberikan kesempatan kepada orangtua yang ingin mendapatkan pemahaman tentang positive parenting. Peserta yang ikut dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak 216 orang, orangtua dari Kelurahan Jati Asih yang terlibat kegiatan ini sebanyak 14 orang, dan peserta lainnya dari luar daerah Jati Asih, seperti dari Aceh, Jogja, Sulawesi, dan lainnya. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan secara daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi zoom, karena kondisi pandemic COVID-19, sehingga aktivitas tetap dilakukan di rumah. Program ini memberikan pengetahuan kepada peserta mengenai apa itu positive parenting, teknik-teknik positive parenting, manfaat positive parenting, dan tips untuk melaksanakan positive parenting.
“All the world’s a stage” – the Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) as enabling technology to overcome restrictions in online teaching
Authors: Kristandl Gerhard
Published: July 2021

The Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) Studio is a free software that enables tutors to overcome the typical restrictions of video conferencing software like MS Teams or Zoom. This paper develops from a real-life situation where the pandemic-induced move to online teaching has put severe restrictions on otherwise engaging teaching and student activities – specifically role-plays and use of props - hitherto run in the classroom. The goal is to demonstrate how OBS Studio was set-up and employed to overcome this situation. In doing so, the paper offers a simple set-up tutorial for two scenes against this background to show that using OBS Studio is straightforward and intuitive.
Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under The Age of Five Years in Ethiopia
Authors: Asena Tilahun Ferede , Merera Amanuel Mengistu , Senbeta Mebratu Alemu
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is one of the causes for morbidity and mortality in children under the age of 5 years in the world. Pneumonia, which is caused by respiratory tract infection, accounts for approximately 1.9 million deaths globally in children under the age of five years. Among these deaths majority occurs in the developing world. The share for low and middle-income countries takes the highest indeed. In Ethiopia, the prevalence rate of ARI was 7% according to 2016 EDHS estimates.Method: Bayesian multilevel approach was employed to assess factors associated with the prevalence of ARI among under-five children in Ethiopia. The data was collected from 10,641 children under the age of five years out of which 9,918 children were considered in this study. Result: The ARI prevalence rate for children under five years was estimated as 8.4%, which was slightly higher than the estimated prevalence level of the country. The highest proportion of the prevalence of ARI was observed for children whose mothers had no education. The major health, environmental and nutritional related background characteristics of the proportion of children who had ARI varied from one region to another. The highest prevalence of ARI was observed in Tigray (15.31%) followed by Oromia (14.40%) as opposed to the low prevalence which was recorded in Benishangul Gumuz (2.58%). The utilization of vitamin A was analyzed and the results shows that about 43.10% who received vitamin A had the lowest proportion on the prevalence of ARI (7.75%) compared to not having vitamin A. About 11.13% of under-five children had Diarrhea with the highest prevalence of ARI (24.64%) and the highest prevalence of ARI was observed for the child whose source of drinking water were unprotected/unimproved (9.39%).Conclusion: The age of the child, household wealth index, mother educational level, and vitamin A supplement, history of diarrhea, maternal work, stunting and source of drinking water was found to be significantly affecting the prevalence of ARI among children under five years. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a significant variation of incidence of ARI between and within the regions of Ethiopia. Attention should be given to those predictor variables while planning to increase the health status of children in Ethiopia.
Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Double Posterolateral Coaxial Portals for Endoscopic Management of Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Yuan Cheng-song , Tang Kang-lai , Tang Yao , liang Tao-tao , Ma Lin , Chen Yong-hua , Bian Xu-Ting , Hu Cao , Zhang Xuan ,   10.	Jun-peng Liu, Wang Li , Mu Mi-Duo
Published: July 2021

Double Posterolateral Coaxial Portals has been designed by us for Endoscopic Management of Posterior Ankle Impingement. This study’s purpose was analyzed the safety and clinical efficacy of this new designed portals. Six fresh foot samples were randomly selected. The distances of two posterolateral portals to sural nerve in the neutral, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion positions were measured to evaluate the safety. The clinical efficacy of the operative approach for endoscopic management of posterior ankle impingement syndrome was prospectively analyzed, and its effectiveness and complications were evaluated. In 6 samples, the mean distances of the first and second portals to sural nerve were 2.26 ± 0.22 cm and 1.59 ± 0.12 cm in the neutral position,2.21 ± 0.21 cm and 1.55 ± 0.12 cm in the dorsiflexion 30°position, and 2.46 ± 0.29 cm and 1.73 ± 0.19 cm in the plantar flexion 30°position; thus, two portals had a big safety distance to sural nerve. Totally 38 patients received the endoscopic treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome with double posterolateral coaxial portals from January 2012 to December 2017. Such operative approach provided a full field of subtalar joint and posterior ankle during operation. The mean follow-up time was 28.2 (range, 24–72) months, the satisfaction rate was 94.7%; none of patients experienced complications; VAS score was decreased to 0.50 at the last visit from 5.82 before operation(P < .001), while AOFAS score was increased to 92.34 from 71.68, and the differences were both statistically significant (P < .001); the excellent/good rate was 97.3℅. In treating posterior ankle impingement syndrome, double posterolateral coaxial portals have such advantages of good safety, miniature nerve injury, a good field of posterior ankle and subtalar joint, good clinical efficacy, and few complications, thus they are an operative approach which is reliable, effective, safe and worthy of being popularized.
Does prolonged infusion time really improve the efficacy of meropenem therapy? A prospective study in critically ill patients
Authors: Zhao Yi Chang , Zou Yang , Xiao Yi Wen , Wang Feng , Zhang Bi Kui , Xiang Da Xiong , Yu Feng , Luo Hong , Yan Miao
Published: July 2021

Background: Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that has demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against gram-negative clinical isolates and is commonly used in critically ill patients. This study aimed to find the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic of meropenem in critically ill patients and whether prolonged injection duration is really beneficial to meropenem therapy. Method: We included 209 samples in 64 patients in this prospective study. PPK analysis and Monte Carlo dosing simulations were developed using Phoenix.Results: A two-compartment model described the data adequately. Clearance (CL), volume (V), clearance of peripheral compartment (CL2), volume of peripheral compartment (V2) were 6.15 L/h, 2.83 L/h, 17.40L, and 17.48L, respectively. Creatinine clearance and uric acid were significant covariates. Patients with creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min or less and uric acid greater than 400 μmol/l could achieve the target > 90% under the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mg/L, even with the administration dose of 500 mg/8 h with a 2-h infusion. Prolonging the infusion time significantly improved the therapeutic effect when MIC＜4. However, for the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of 100% fT > MIC and 100% fT > 4MIC, no significant statistical difference was observed in critically ill patients.Conclusions: Critically ill patients with lower creatinine clearance and higher uric acid levels were likely to need a lower dosage of meropenem. Prolonged infusion time were not always beneficial for those who need a higher therapeutic target (100% fT > MIC,100% fT > 4 MIC) or with MIC 4mg/L. Increasing dose or alternative therapeutic strategies may be required for critically ill patients with drug-resistant or severe infections. The study is of great significance to guide the rational use of meropenem in critically ill patients.Trial registration: The trial was registered in the China Clinical Trial (ChiCTR1900020672). Registered on 12 January 2019.
The Association of Estrogen Receptor Activity, Interferon Signaling, and MHC Class I Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Song In Hye , Kim Young-Ae , Heo Sun-Hee , Bang Won Seon , Park Hye Seon , Choi Yeon ho , Lee Heejae , Seo Jeong-Han , Cho Youngjin , Jung Sung Wook , Kim Hee Jeong , Ahn Sei Hyun , Lee Hee Jin , Gong Gyungyub
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) has previously been reported to be negatively associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Furthermore, the expression of MHC I, level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and expression of interferon (IFN) mediator MxA are positively associated with one another in human breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of association of MHC I with estrogen and IFN signaling. Methods: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC protein expression was analyzed in breast cancer cell lines. The expressions of HLA-A and MxA mRNAs were analyzed in MCF-7 cells in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. ER and HLA-ABC expressions and TIL levels in tumor tissue were also analyzed in ER+/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- breast cancer patients who randomly received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or estrogen modulator treatment following surgical resection. Results: HLA-ABC protein expression was decreased after β-estradiol treatment or hESR-GFP transfection and increased after fulvestrant or IFN-γ treatment in breast cancer cell lines. In GEO data, HLA-A and MxA expression was increased after ESR1 shRNA transfection. When comparing the two patient groups, ER Allred score was significantly lower and the HLA-ABC expression and TIL levels were significantly higher in the estrogen modulator treated group than the chemotherapy treated group. Conclusion: MHC I expression and TIL levels might be affected by ER pathway modulation and IFN treatment. Further studies elucidating the mechanism of MHC I regulation could suggest a way to boost TIL influx in cancer in a clinical setting.
Crystallite fusion in nanocellulose aggregates
Authors: Daicho Kazuho , Kobayashi Kayoko , Fujisawa Shuji , Saito Tsuguyuki
Published: July 2021

Crystallite refers to a single crystalline grain in crystal aggregates, and multiple crystallites form a grain boundary or the inter-crystallite interface. A grain boundary is a structural defect that hinders the efficient directional transfer of mechanical stress or thermal phonons in crystal aggregates. We observed that grain boundaries within an aggregate of a-few-nanometers-wide fibrillar crystallites of wood cellulose were crystallized by enhancing their inter-crystallite interactions; multiple crystallites were coupled into single fusion crystals without passing through a melting or dissolving state. Accordingly, the crystallinity of wood cellulose, which has been considered irreversible once decreased, was significantly enhanced, and the thermal energy transfer in the aggregate was improved. Other fibrillar crystallites of crab shell chitin also showed a similar fusion phenomenon by enhancing the inter-crystallite interactions. These findings imply that such crystallite fusion naturally occurs in biological structures with network skeletons of aggregated fibrillar crystallites.
The Face of Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae (hvKp) Isolated from Clinical samples of Two Iranian Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Sanikhani Rahimeh , Moeinirad Mohammad , Solgi Hamid , Hadadi Azar , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Badmasti Farzad
Published: July 2021

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) has emerged as a pathogen of global concern. In this study, both phenotypic and genotypic tests were used to detect hvKp. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and clonal relatedness of clinical isolates were also determined. We found that 62.6% of the isolates were tellurite resistant and among them iucA or iutA or peg344 as hvKp molecular markers, were positive. The blaSHV (81.4%), followed by blaCTX−M15 (75.5%) and blaTEM (67.6%), blaOXA−48 (33.7%), blaNDM−1 (32.3%) were detected, while blaKPC−1 was not present in any hvKp isolates. It was found that the majority of hvKp isolates belonged to capsular serotype K20 and ompK36 group C, which is related to CG23 (e.g. ST23). A high percentage of multidrug-resistant hvKp (MDR-hvKp) and high resistance to imipenem (66%) indicated that there is an urgent problem that should be addressed in the clinical settings.
Clinical Outcomes Of Beveled Tip, Ultra-High Speed, 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy System
Authors: UY HARVEY S. , CABAHUG VICENTE LORENZO O. , ARTIAGA JOSE CARLO M. , CHAN PIK SHA , FAMADICO JORDAN T.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
To report clinical outcomes of a 25-gauge, beveled-tip, 10000 cuts-per-minute (cpm) microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) system.
METHODS
Prospective case series of eyes undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for common indications. Main outcome measures were: rate of achieving surgical objectives, operative time, number of surgical steps, use of ancillary instruments, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and adverse events (AE).
RESULTS
Surgical objectives were achieved in all eyes. Mean total operative, core, shave and total vitrectomy times were 1891 ± 890, 204 ± 120, 330 ± 320, 534 ± 389 seconds, respectively. Mean number of surgical steps was 4.3 ± 1.5. Mean number of ancillary instruments used was 4.5 ± 1.9. Mean CDVA improved by 0.53 ± 0.56 logMAR units (P < 0.001) after 3 months. Postoperative AE included elevated IOP (8%), hypotony (6%), and re-detachment (2%). Majority (82%) had no postoperative discomfort.
CONCLUSION
Beveled-tip, 10000 cpm MIVS system effectively and safely performs common vitreoretinal procedures and may reduce operative time and ancillary instrumentation.
Distribution Pattern of Macrobenthic Organisms In A Tropical Monsoon Influenced Port, New Mangalore, India
Authors: Atchuthan Purushothaman , Desai Dattesh Vithoba , Anil Arga Chandrashekar
Published: July 2021

Study was carried out to understand the impact of natural and anthropogenic impacts on the macrobenthic organisms at the New Mangalore port, influenced by south-west monsoon located along the south-west coast of India. Soft bottom macrobenthos are the group of highly diverse benthic invertebrates in the coastal regions. The spatio-temporal variation in their abundance and diversity was observed along with the variations in the water column and sediment characteristics. Among the 61 taxa of macrobenthos reported, 41 belonged to the polychaetes. The organic carbon levels of >2% supported higher abundance of deposit feeders. A correlation in the abundance of polychaetes and sediment characteristics along with dissolved oxygen and pore water nutrients was observed. A shift in the community of macrobenthic species in response to environmental parameters was observed with the change in the season. During post-monsoon I, Prionospio sp., was dominant , whereas during pre-monsoon the amphipod, Ampelisca sp. was dominant. The abundance of opportunistic polychaetes, Prionospio sp., Cossura sp., and Tharyx filibranchia varied with the seasons indicating a change in the habitat characteristics during different seasons. The occurrence and dominance of macrobenthic speceis was influenced by the physical processes mainly governed by the exchange of seawater between the port and the Arabian sea. The stations located in the high circulation area showed higher seasonal variation in the macrobenthic community indicating pivotal role of local hydrodynamics on macrobenthic organisms. The occurrence of opportunistic species inside the port demonstrate the role of anthropogenic stress in structuring the macrobenthic community.
Using structurally fungible biosensors to evolve improved alkaloid biosyntheses
Authors: d'Oelsnitz Simon , Kim Wantae , Burkholder Nathaniel , Javanmardi Kamyab , Thyer Ross , Zhang Yan , Alper Hal , Ellington Andrew
Published: July 2021

A key bottleneck in the microbial production of therapeutic plant metabolites is identifying enzymes that can greatly improve yield. The facile identification of genetically encoded biosensors can overcome this limitation and become part of a general method for engineering scaled production. We have developed a unique combined screening and selection approach that quickly refines the affinities and specificities of generalist transcription factors, and using RamR as a starting point we evolve highly specific (>100-fold preference) and sensitive (EC50 <30 μM) biosensors for the alkaloids tetrahydropapaverine, papaverine, glaucine, rotundine, and noscapine. High resolution structures reveal multiple evolutionary avenues for the fungible effector binding site, and the creation of new pockets for different chemical moieties. These sensors further enabled the evolution of a streamlined pathway for tetrahydropapaverine, an immediate precursor to four modern pharmaceuticals, collapsing multiple methylation steps into a single evolved enzyme. Our methods for evolving biosensors now enable the rapid engineering of pathways for therapeutic alkaloids.
Comparative Efficacy of Intravitreal Triamcinolone and Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Kerley Madison , Barr Charles C. , Wang Wei , Sigford Douglas K. , Kaplan Henry J. , Sandhu Harpal Singh
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, adverse effects, and treatment burden of two injectable corticosteroids, triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog® or Triesence®) and the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®), for treating diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This was a retrospective review at a single tertiary care center. Eyes treated with either intravitreal triamcinolone two mg (IVTA) or the intravitreal dexamethasone 0.7 mg implant for center-involving DME and with follow up of at least six months were included. Main outcomes were visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP medication use, central macular thickness (CMT), and time to next treatment of any kind.Results: There were 24 eyes in the IVTA group and 15 eyes in the dex group. Baseline mean VA was 20/60 (range 20/30-20/800) in the IVTA group and 20/35 (range 20/20-20/100) in the dex group (p=0.0011). Only the subgroup of pseudophakic IVTA patients experienced a statistically significant increase in vision early on (+2 letters at month 1, +3 letters at month three), though not at month six. Mean IOP increased by 2.5 and 0.20 mmHg at month one in the IVTA and dex groups, respectively (p=0.27). Mean CMT decreased by 143 mm with IVTA and 39 mm with dex at month one (p=0.00025). Mean time to next treatment of any kind was 19 weeks for IVTA and 20.3 weeks for dex (p=0.41). Conclusions: Intravitreal triamcinolone and the intravitreal dexamethasone implant both show similar efficacy at reducing DME and its treatment burden, but neither significantly affected visual acuity over six months.
FAM83A-AS1 Promotes Tumor Progression Through MET Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bai Shengbin , Zhao Huijie , Zeng Xaofei , Lin Baoyue , Wang Yinghan , Hu Shengmin , Zhang Shenglin , Li Yu , Zhou Zhiqing , Du Changzheng , Beer David G. , Chen Guoan
Published: July 2021

Background

Studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer. However, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs role in this process remains unclear.
Methods

Here, we analyzed lncRNA expression in lung cancer tissues based on RNA-Seq analysis and found that lncRNA FAM83A-AS1 was one of the top up-regulated lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma and elevated expression of FAM83A-AS1 was significantly associated with poor patient survival. We validated these results using RT-PCR and an independent cohort of lung cancer.
Results

Functional studies indicated that knockdown of FAM83A-AS1 decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in H1299 and H838 lung cancer cells. Knockdown of FAM83A-AS1 induced the autophagy and cell cycle arrest at G2. Mechanistically, we found that MET, p62 and phosphor S6K proteins were decreased upon FAM83A-AS1 knockdown.
Conclusion

In conclusion, FAM83A-AS1 may have potential as a diagnosis/prognosis marker and its oncogenic role could lead to potential targeting for lung cancer therapy.
Method Development, Validation, Monitoring, Seasonal Effect and Risk Assessment of Multiclass Multi Pesticide Residues in Surface and Ground Water of New Alluvial Zone in Eastern India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sudip , Poi Rajlakshmi , Mandal Swagata , Baskey(Sen) Moni , Hazra Dipak Kumar , Saha Supradip , Karmakar Rajib
Published: July 2021

A liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method consisting gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) determination of thirty six pesticides in environmental waters was standardized. The method was validated as per SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines. Effect of three seasons namely summer, monsoon and winter on monitoring of pesticide residues in environmental waters (river, pond and tube well) of rural area was studied and subsequently risk assessment was evaluated. Within two districts (Nadia and North 24paraganas) of new alluvial zone in eastern India, six different places were chosen for sampling of river water. On the contrary, six different ponds and tubewells as well were considered for sampling. 144 samples of 2 liter each (48 each of river, pond and tubewell water) of each district irrespective of seasons were analyzed during the study period. Each water sample (750 ml) was extracted with ethylacetate:dichloromethane (8:2). The total residue was reconstituted in acetone (1 ml) and analysed in GC-MS after proper filtration with 0.22 μm nylon syringe filter. Average percent recovery ranged from 77.84 to 118.15. Irrespective of seasons, maximum total organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorous (OP) pesticide residues were dominated respectively in river and pond water. Irrespective of types of environmental waters, monsoon (July to October) showed presence of total maximum pesticide residues. Risk Quotient (RQ) [acute and chronic] was calculated respectively in pond and river water. Only Seven water samples of tubewell were contaminated with butachlor and chlorpyriphos, although in non-significant average amount (< 0.1ngml-1), irrespective of seasons and thus safe for consumption.
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Formula and value of the gravitational constant in the region of a black hole. The frequency of gravitational waves. Formula and calculation of the electron mass.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: July 2021

In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. Based on this hypothesis, using string theory, the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant was obtained. The new formula was used to determine the value of the gravitational constant in the region of black holes, and also confirmed the value of the usual gravitational constant. Also in this work, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole. The results obtained made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the gravitational mass of the proton and the electron. In this study, the gravity cell hypothesis was organically integrated into string theory. As a result, it was possible to apply the Planck formula to the gravitational interaction. Thus, the formula for the vibration frequency of gravitational strings (the frequency of gravitational waves) was obtained, and their frequency was determined. The formula for the mass of an electron was obtained. The electron mass calculated by the formula coincided with the experimental value.
Bioinformatic Identification of Hub Genes and Biological Pathways for Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xu Feng , Fang Fang
Published: July 2021

Background: Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a potentially lethal complication associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality worldwide, especially in the outbreak of COVID-19. However, the fundamental mechanisms of this complication were still not fully elucidated. Thus, we conducted this study to identify hub genes and biological pathways of sepsis-associated ALI, mainly focus on two pathways of LPS and HMGB1. Methods: Gene expression profile GSE3037 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 8 patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury, with 8 unstimulated blood neutrophils, 8 LPS- induced neutrophils and 8 HMGB1-induced neutrophils. Diﬀerentially expressed genes (DEGs) identifications, Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructions were performed to obtain hub genes and relevant biological pathways.Results: We identified 534 and 317 DEGs for LPS- and HMGB1-induced ALI, respectively. The biological pathways involved in LPS- and HMGB1-induced ALI were also identified accordingly. By PPI network analysis, we found that ten hub genes for LPS-induced ALI (CXCL8, TNF, IL6, IL1B, ICAM1, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL1A, IL1RN and CXCL3) and another ten hub genes for HMGB1-induced ALI (CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL1, CCL4, CXCL3, CXCL9, CCL21, CXCR6, KNG1 and SST). Furthermore, by combining analysis, the results revealed that genes of TNF, CCL20, IL1B, NFKBIA, CCL4, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, CXCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL3 were potential biomarkers for sepsis-associated ALI. Conclusions: Our study revealed that ten hub genes associated with sepsis-induced ALI were TNF, CCL20, IL1B, NFKBIA, CCL4, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, CXCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL3, which may serve as genetic biomarkers and be further verified in prospective experimental trials.
Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments Collected From Selected Estuaries of Kerala, West Coast of India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Krishnamoorthy , Rajkumar Anandarao , Akramkhan Nazeerkhan , P. Prakasheswar , Krishnakumar Subbiah , Pradhap Dhanasekaran , Gandhi Kaliyaperumal Sanjay , Maheswaran Subbiah , Hussain Shaik Mohammed
Published: July 2021

The investigation aims to study the source and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) fractions in the surface sediments of selected estuaries of the southwest coast of Kerala India. The concentration of PAHs ranged from 0.47 to 126.64 ng/g. The estuarine sediments were enriched by HMW-PAHs and they are occupied nearly 93.76 % of the total concentration, followed by LMW-PAHs (LMW-PAH – 6.23%). The sum of surface sediment-associated PAH distribution was higher in the inner part of the estuary, especially at Anjuthengu and Kadinamkulam estuaries. The sediment grain size and distance of the sampling point from the coast are significantly playing an important role in the distribution of the PAHs. The ratio of LMW/HMW PAHs in this study indicating that the pyrolytic process is the chief source of PAHs in the estuarine sediments. The calculated total TEQ value ranged from 0.20 to 54.80 ng/g. A comparative study suggests that the obtained TEQ value was less than the other locations of India and worldwide.
Hunger and Its Associated Factors in an Urban Cluster in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Mata Mayline Menezes da , Neves José Anael , de Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares
Published: July 2021

Background: Hunger affects millions of people worldwide. In the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19, Brazil experienced an epidemic peak of hunger, amplifying existing pre-pandemic vulnerabilities, mainly in the Northern Region of the Country. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors in homes with children under five years of age in an urban cluster of a municipality of the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A household survey was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 557 children and their families. Food insecurity (FI) was determined using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Associations between variables were analyzed based on the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated through multiple Poisson regression analysis. Variables with a p -value <0.05 after adjustments were considered significantly associated with the outcome. Results: A high prevalence of food insecurity was found among the families in the study (76.47%, PR=1.90, CI: 1.36-2.67, p <0.001); 42.90% had moderate (PR=1.93, CI: 1.31-2.83, p <0.01) and severe FI (PR=1.41, CI: 1.10-1.83, p <0.02), which was associated with low family income, participation in governmental income transfer programs, and heads of households with less than seven years of schooling. Moreover, substantial frequencies of height deficit and overweight were found among the children. Conclusions: The high prevalence of hunger and food insecurity and its associated factors reflects the context of geographic isolation and social exclusion in which these families live, suggesting that a substantial portion of the population under five years of age had experienced episodes of hunger in the 90 days prior to the survey. The high prevalence of height deficit and overweight among the children reveals a scenario of epidemiological/nutritional polarization, requiring the formulation of specific public policies for this population.
High-power density monolithic fuel cell stack
Authors: Pirou Steven , Talic Belma , Brodersen Karen , Hauch Anne , Frandsen Henrik , Skafte Theis , Persson Åsa , Høgh Jens , Henriksen Henrik , Navasa Maria , Miao Xing-Yuan , Georgolamprou Xanthi , Foghmoes Søren , Hendriksen Peter , Nielsen Eva , Nielsen Jimmi , Wulff Anders , Jensen Søren , Zielke Philipp , Hagen Anke
Published: July 2021

The transportation sector is currently undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by batteries. However, their limited range and long charging times limit wide-spread adoption. Electrified transportation powered by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative especially for heavy freight and long-range transportation, as this technology can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. Thus far, the technology is mostly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric and gravimetric power density, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a novel metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Highly cost-competitive and scalable manufacturing methods are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to two or three for conventional SOFCs. The design is further optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell shows exceptionally high power density (5.6 kW/L) and excellent thermal cycling robustness, revealing the vast potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.
Identification of a Novel Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature in Prognosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhu Ke , Xiaoqiang Liu , Deng Wen , Wang Gongxian , Fu Bin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBladder cancer (BLCA) is a destructive cancer with unfavorable prognosis. Mounting studies have demonstrated that lipid metabolism affected the progression and treatment of tumor. Therefore, we aimed to explore the function and prognostic value of lipid metabolism-related genes in patients with bladder cancer.MethodsLipid metabolism-related genes (LRGs) were acquired from Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB). LRG mRNA expression and clinical data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic gene for predicting overall survival in BLCA. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the prognosis. The function of LRGs was explored via enrichment analysis and single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). CMAP database was used to find the small molecule drugs for treatment.ResultsWe successfully constructed and validated a 11-LRG risk model for predicting the prognosis of BLCA patients. Furthermore, we also found that the 11-gene signature was an independent hazardous factor. Functional analysis suggested that LRGs were closely related with the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism and AMPK signaling pathway. LRGs were also involved in immune cells infiltration. Five small molecule drugs could be the candidate treatment for BLCA patients based on CMAP dataset.ConclusionIn conclusion, we identified a reliable prognostic biomarker based on11-LRG signature and found five small molecule drugs for BLCA patient treatments.
Evolution of resistance to COVID-19 vaccination with dynamic lockdown
Authors: Nowak Martin , Lobinska Gabriela , Pauzner Ady , Traulsen Arne , Pilpel Yitzhak
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global response in terms of social lockdown in order to slow the spread of the virus 1,2. Currently the greatest hope is based on world-wide vaccination3,4. The expectation is that social and economic activities can gradually resume as more and more people become vaccinated. Yet, a relaxation of social distancing that allows increased transmissibility, coupled with selection pressure due to vaccination, will likely lead to the emergence of vaccine resistance 5. Here we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of COVID-19 in the presence of dynamic lockdown and in response to vaccination. We use infection and vaccination data of 6 different countries (Israel, US, UK, Brazil, France and Germany) to assess the probability and timing for the wave of vaccine resistant mutant2. For slow vaccination rates, resistant mutants will appear inevitably even if strict lockdown is maintained. For fast vaccination rates (such as those used in Israel) the emergence of the mutant can be prevented if strict lockdown is maintained during vaccination. Our mathematical results provide quantitative guidelines for a combined vaccination and lockdown policy that minimizes the probability of emergence of vaccine resistance variants for current and future vaccination programs.
As Long as (I Think) My Husband Agrees…: Role of Perceived Partner Approval in Contraceptive Use Among Military Couples Living in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Hernandez Julie H. , Babazadeh Saleh , Anglewicz Philip , Akilimali Pierre Z
Published: July 2021

Background: Male partner’s approval is a key determinant of contraceptive use for women living in Sub-Saharan Africa and improving men’s support and couple communication is a cornerstone of family planning programs. However, approval is often only measured through the women’s perception of their partner’s opinion.Methods: This study conducted in Kinshasa compares contraceptive approval variables from matched male and female partners to establish the frequency of (in)accurate perceptions by the woman, then test their association with modern contraceptive use. Additional regressions estimate individual and couple variables associated with (in)correct perceptions. Results: Results confirm women are poorly aware of their partner’s opinion but indicate that perceived approval or disapproval by the woman is a much stronger determinant of modern contraceptive use than her partner’s actual opinion. Higher educational achievement from the woman is the strongest driver of misunderstanding her partner’s approval. Conclusions: Women’s perceptions of partner’s approval are much stronger determinant of contraceptive use than the latter’s actual opinion, and stereotyping men’s opinion of family planning is a common error of appreciation. However, findings also suggest these misunderstandings might serve women’s capacity to negotiate contraceptive use.
Straw incorporation in deep soil layer promotes net photosynthetic carbon assimilation and maize growth in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Jiaqi , Wang Danlei , An Tingting , Qin Wei , Zou Hongtao , Rengel Zed
Published: July 2021

Background and aims

Returning straw into soil could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and promote crop growth. However, little has been reported on the source of C for increased SOC (straw C or crop photosynthetic C).
Methods

To investigate the assimilation of photosynthetic C and its distribution in soil in the maize growth season, we set up a one-year 13C pulse-labelling experiment in a consecutive maize straw returning long-term trial. Four treatments were included: no straw return (control), straw mulching on the soil surface (cover), return in 0–20 cm layer (shallow) and 20–40 cm layer (deep).
Results

We found that the deep straw incorporation significantly (P < 0.05) increased maize grain yield (by 2.9%) and SOC (by 13.4%). During the growing season, the deep straw incorporation increased photosynthetic 13C assimilation in shoots by 17.4% and the partitioning of photosynthetic 13C to soil by 7.9% at early jointing, and by 11.5% at maturity. The contribution of photosynthetic C to microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved organic C (DOC) was highest at jointing, and at harvest amounted to 39.1 % of MBC and 28.8% of DOC.
Conclusion

The results highlighted the importance of regulating the soil carbon dynamics via the deep straw return strategy. In conclusion, deep straw incorporation significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency and facilitated partitioning of photosynthetic C to roots and soil, thus promoting maize growth.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Treatment Failure Among Children on ART in Ethiopia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gelaw Belete , Dessalegn Lemma , Alem Eyasu , Lankirew Tadele , Eshetu Kirubel , Marew Chalie , Chekole Bogale , Kassaw Amare
Published: July 2021

Background: As the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the issue of treatment failure is still a global challenge, particularly in a resource limited settings including Ethiopia. The results of former studies in Ethiopia were highly variable and inconsistent across studies. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis intended to provide the pooled estimation of treatment failure and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy.Methods: We searched international databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Ethiopian Universities’ online repository library, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) during the period of February 30 to April 7, 2021. All identified observational studies reporting the proportion of treatment failure among HIV positive children in Ethiopia were included. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked using I2 test and Cochrane Q test statistics. We run Begg’s regression test to assess publication bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of treatment failure. Results: The estimated pooled prevalence of treatment failure among children in Ethiopia was 12.34 (95%CI: 8.59, 16.10). Subgroup analysis of this review showed that the highest prevalence was observed in Addis Ababa (15.92%), followed by Oromia region (14.47%). Poor ART adherence (AOR=2.53, CI: 2.03, 4.97), advanced WHO clinical staging (AOR=1.66, CI: 1.24, 3.21), and opportunistic infections (AOR= 2.64 CI: 2.19, 4.31 were found to be significantly associated factors with childhood treatment failure.Conclusion: This study revealed that treatment failure among children on ART was high in Ethiopia. Poor ART adherence, advanced WHO clinical staging, opportunistic infections, and low level of CD4 cell counts increased the risk of treatment failure.
Changes In Left Atrial Appendage Orifice Following Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Ortiz-Leon Xochitl Arely , Posada-Martinez Edith Liliana , Bregasi Alda , Chen Wanwen , Crandall Ian , Pereira Jason , Faridi Kamil F. , Akar Joseph G. , Lin Ben A. , McNamara Robert L. , Freeman James V. , Curtis Jeptha , Arias-Godinez Jose Antonio , Sugeng Lissa
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion is increasingly performed in patients with atrial fibrillation and long-term contraindications for anticoagulation. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of LAA occlusion with the Watchman device on the geometry of the LAA orifice and assess its impact on the adjacent left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV) hemodynamics.Methods: We included 50 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous LAA occlusion with the Watchman device. Three-dimensional images of LAA pre- and post-device placement were analyzed offline. We measured the LAA orifice diameters in the long axis, and the minimum and maximum diameters, circumference, and area in the short axis view. Eccentricity index was calculated as maximum/minimum diameter ratio. The LUPV peak S and D velocities pre- and post-procedure were also measured.Results: Patients were elderly (mean age 76±8 years years), 30 (60%) were men. There was a significant increase of all LAA orifice dimensions following LAA occlusion: diameter 1 (pre-device 18.1±3.2 vs. post-device 21.5±3.4 mm, p<0.001), diameter 2 (20.6±3.9 vs. 22.1±3.6 mm, p<0.001), minimum diameter (17.6±3.1 vs. 21.3±3.4 mm, p<0.001), maximum diameter (21.5±3.9 vs. 22.4±3.6 mm, p=0.022), circumference (63.6±10.7 vs. 69.6±10.5 mm, p<0.001), and area (3.1±1.1 vs. 3.9±1.2 cm2, p<0.001). Eccentricity index decreased after procedure (1.23±0.16 vs. 1.06±0.06, p<0.001). LUPV peak S and D velocities did not show a significant difference (0.29±0.15 vs. 0.30±0.14 cm/s, p=0.637; and 0.47±0.19 vs. 0.48±0.20 cm/s, p=0.549; respectively).Conclusion: LAA orifice stretches significantly and it becomes more circular following LAA occlusion without causing a significant impact on the LUPV hemodynamics.
Unraveling Counseling Practices in HIV Prevention Targeted Intervention in India
Authors: Pandya Apurvakumar , Kapadia Shagufa
Published: July 2021

Counseling is an essential strategy for preventing sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, research on counseling practices in targeted HIV prevention interventions is limited. We conducted a grounded theory study to develop a theoretical model explaining HIV counseling practices within Targeted Interventions (TI) in Gujarat. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews of 14 counselors and observed counseling sessions of five counselors. Data were analyzed using a constant-comparative method, performing four levels of coding: open, axial, focused, and theoretical. Our theoretical model illustrates key culture-specific features in HIV counseling and how counselors facilitate the counseling process in the local cultural context and programatic environment. Present study reveals the values and practices reflective of the Indian culture that inform the counseling process and yield behavior change in clients. In the end, authors highlight challenges and recommendations for HIV counselors.