bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding changes in the locations of drinking occasions in Great Britain: An age‐period‐cohort analysis of repeat cross‐sectional market research data, 2001–2019
Authors: Hardie Iain , Sasso Alessandro , Holmes John , Meier Petra S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The 21st century has seen wide‐ranging changes in drinking locations in Great Britain, with on‐trade alcohol sales decreasing and off‐trade sales increasing. To better understand the underlying time‐trends in consumer behaviour, we examine age‐period‐cohort (APC) effects related to changes in the share of individuals' drinking occasions taking place in: (i) on‐trade versus off‐trade locations; and (ii) specific on‐trade or off‐trade locations, that is traditional/community pubs, modern pubs/bars/café bars, nightclubs/late‐night venues, restaurants/pub restaurants, social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues, at home (social setting) and at home (non‐social setting).

Methods

Repeat cross‐sectional 1‐week drinking diary data, collected 2001–2019. APC analysis via negative binomial regression models for each gender (N = 162,296 men, 138,452 women).

Results

A smaller/declining proportion of occasions took place in on‐trade compared to off‐trade locations. Recent cohorts tended to have a larger share of on‐trade occasions than previous cohorts, driven by their larger share of occasions in modern pubs/bars/café bars and nightclubs/late‐night venues. Meanwhile, occasions in social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues and traditional/community pubs tended to be popular among older men, but have declined. Finally, the growth of off‐trade drinking appears to be driven by a growth of off‐trade drinking in non‐social settings, in particular by older people/cohorts.

Discussion and Conclusion

Our findings highlight the declining prominence of certain on‐trade locations, and increasing prominence of home drinking in non‐social settings, within British drinking practices. While rising non‐social home drinking is concerning, it is positive from a public health perspective that it does not appear to be shared by recent cohorts.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of the common skate species complex: Evidence of increasing abundance
Authors: McGeady Ryan , Loca Sophie L. , McGonigle Chris
Published: October 2022

Aim

The critically endangered common skate species complex is a large‐bodied and long‐lived batoid, which has experienced local extirpations and population declines over the past century mainly due to overfishing. Due to its decline, fisheries management measures were introduced to prevent further decline and fragmentation of populations. For example, in 2009, a landings prohibition was introduced in the European Union, which banned the retention of common skate onboard commercial fishing vessels with captured individuals to be discarded. We aimed to explore the spatial and temporal population dynamics of the common skate species complex, against the backdrop of changes in fisheries management measures.

Location

Northeast Atlantic Ocean.

Methods

We used publicly available fishery‐independent trawl survey data from several regions of the Northeast Atlantic shelf to examine trends in incidence and abundance for the common skate species complex. We also constructed a species distribution model to identify changes in the spatio‐temporal distribution of the common skate.

Results

A sustained increase in the common skate species complex was evident in several areas of its distribution. An increase was observed in five separate trawl surveys encompassing distinct regions of its distribution. Despite the observed increase, little evidence of recolonizing previously extirpated areas was evident.

Main Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of fisheries management measures in contributing to an increase in the common skate species complex. Such measures may also be effective if applied to numerous other batoid species currently threatened with extinction.
Longitudinal investigation of executive function development employing task‐based, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology in 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Eng Cassondra M. , Pocsai Melissa , Fulton Virginia E. , Moron Suanna P. , Thiessen Erik D. , Fisher Anna V.
Published: October 2022

Increased focus on resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the use and accessibility of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have advanced knowledge on the interconnected nature of neural substrates underlying executive function (EF) development in adults and clinical populations. Less is known about the relationship between rsFC and developmental changes in EF during preschool years in typically developing children, a gap the present study addresses employing task‐based assessment, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology. This preregistered study contributes to our understanding of the neural basis of EF development longitudinally with 41 children ages 4–5. Changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) rsFC utilizing fNIRS, EF measured with a common task‐based assessment (Day‐Night task), and teacher reports of behavior (BRIEF‐P) were monitored over multiple timepoints: Initial Assessment, 72 h follow‐up, 1 Month Follow‐up, and 4 Month Follow‐up. Measures of rsFC were strongly correlated 72 h apart, providing evidence of high rsFC measurement reliability using fNIRS with preschool‐aged children. PFC rsFC was positively correlated with performance on task‐based and report‐based EF assessments. Children's PFC functional connectivity at rest uniquely predicted later EF, controlling for verbal IQ, age, and sex. Functional connectivity at rest using fNIRS may potentially show the rapid changes in EF development in young children, not only neurophysiologically, but also as a correlate of task‐based EF performance and ecologically‐relevant teacher reports of EF in a classroom context.
Urban mortality in Greece: Hermoupolis (1859–1940)
Authors: Raftakis Michail
Published: October 2022

The paper examines mortality patterns in the city of Hermoupolis, on the Greek island of Syros, from 1859 to 1940. It produces important new insights into Mediterranean urban historical demography and is the first comprehensive study of urban mortality in Greece, utilising the largest and one of the longest time series at the individual level yet calculated from civil registration and census data. Abridged life tables were constructed for the first time for a Greek urban settlement, enabling the calculation of age‐specific mortality rates and life expectancies. Hermoupolis experienced much higher mortality levels than the national average. The findings suggest that early childhood mortality started to decline rapidly from the late nineteenth century onwards, with declines in early adulthood and infancy following. The paper reinforces and confirms our limited knowledge about the timing of the mortality transition in Greece. It proposes that an urban penalty was clearly operating in the country even during the early twentieth century. Finally, this paper suggests that a combination of factors was responsible for the mortality decline in Hermoupolis, including wider access to water, which even when it was not clean enough to drink, nevertheless enabled improvements in personal hygiene among the residents of the city.
Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yuangang , Luo Geping , Li Chaofan , Ye Hui , Shi Haiyang , Fan Binbin , Zhang Wenqiang , Zhang Chen , Xie Mingjuan , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2022

Agricultural activities have been expanding globally with the pressure to provide food security to the earth's growing population. These agricultural activities have profoundly impacted soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in global drylands. However, the effects of clearing natural ecosystems for cropland (CNEC) on SOC are uncertain. To improve our understanding of carbon emissions and sequestration under different land uses, it is necessary to characterize the response patterns of SOC stocks to different types of CNEC. We conducted a meta‐analysis with mixed‐effect model based on 873 paired observations of SOC in croplands and adjacent natural ecosystems from 159 individual studies in global drylands. Our results indicate that CNEC significantly (p < .05) affects SOC stocks, resulting from a combination of natural land clearing, cropland management practices (fertilizer application, crop species, cultivation duration) and the significant negative effects of initial SOC stocks. Increases in SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) were found in croplands which previously natural land (deserts and shrublands) had low SOC stocks, and the increases were 278.86% (95% confidence interval, 196.43%–361.29%) and 45.38% (26.53%–62.23%), respectively. In contrast, SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) decreased by 24.11% (18.38%–29.85%) and 10.70% (1.80%–19.59%) in clearing forests and grasslands for cropland, respectively. We also established the general response curves of SOC stocks change to increasing cultivation duration, which is crucial for accurately estimating regional carbon dynamics following CNEC. SOC stocks increased significantly (p < .05) with high long‐term fertilizer consumption in cleared grasslands with low initial SOC stocks (about 27.2 Mg ha−1). The results derived from our meta‐analysis could be used for refining the estimation of dryland carbon dynamics and developing SOC sequestration strategies to achieve the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.
Formation of advanced glycation end‐products in glycation of silver carp myofibrillar protein with glucose: Relationship with its chemical indicators
Authors: Ren Yanmei , Mao Zhenjie , Zhang Qi , Dong Shiyuan , Zha Fengchao , Chen Bojian
Published: October 2022

The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), regarded as a potentially harmful substance, in the protein glycation course is still under investigation. This study investigated the glycation modification of silver carp myofibrillar protein (MF) with glucose via Maillard‐driven chemistry. The resultant conjugates and glycation extent were characterised by chemical indicators, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, colour development, and AGEs level. As the primary responsibility for glycation, the loss of Lysine (Lys) and Arginine (Arg) in MF with longer glycation time (>24 h) was more than 25%. While, the associated AGEs, including Nε‐carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML), Nε‐carboxyethyl‐lysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal‐derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG‐H1), presented a gradually increasing tendency with glycation time. The kinetic studies indicated that the formation of CML and MG‐H1 presented a highly linear correlation with heating time, while the CEL development could be described as an exponential function of glycation time (r ≥ 0.95). Moreover, the correlation analysis among these chemical indicators indicated that colour development was positively correlated with AGEs (r ≥ 0.85), while negatively related to the loss of Lys and Arg (r ≤ −0.89). The findings may help to better control the glycation course of food protein based on the formation of AGEs.
Regulatory B cells protect against chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance
Authors: Li Cheng , Liu Pingping , Yao Huiling , Zhu Hao , Zhang Shaoze , Meng Fang , Li San , Li Guang , Peng Yanping , Gu Jing , Zhu Liming , Jiang Yongliang , Dai Aiguo
Published: October 2022

Hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a progressive and lethal disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and obstructive vascular remodelling. Previous research demonstrated that Breg cells were involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. This work aimed to evaluate the regulatory function of Breg cells in HPH. HPH mice model were established and induced by exposing to chronic hypoxia for 21 days. Mice with HPH were treated with anti‐CD22 or adoptive transferred of Breg cells. The coculture systems of Breg cells with CD4+ T cells and Breg cells with PASMCs in vitro were constructed. Lung pathology was evaluated by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining. The frequencies of Breg cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum IL‐21 and IL‐10 levels were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of Blimp‐1, Bcl‐6 and CTLA‐4 were determined by western blot and RT‐PCR. Proliferation rate of PASMCs was measured by EdU. Compared to the control group, mean PAP, RV/(LV + S) ratio, WA% and WT% were significantly increased in the model group. Anti‐CD22 exacerbated abnormal hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricle hypertrophy in HPH, which ameliorated by adoptive transfer of Breg cells into HPH mice. The proportion of Breg cells on day 7 induced by chronic hypoxia was significantly higher than control group, which significantly decreased on day 14 and day 21. The percentage of Tfh cells was significantly increased, while percentage of Tfr cells was significantly decreased in HPH than those of control group. Anti‐CD22 treatment increased the percentage of Tfh cells and decreased the percentage of Tfr cells in HPH mice. However, Breg cells restrained the Tfh cells differentiation and expanded Tfr cells differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Breg cells inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggested that Breg cells may be a new therapeutic target for modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance in HPH.
A brief mindfulness intervention reduces the tendency to endorse negative Black stereotypes
Authors: Ingold Kimberly , Lueke Adam
Published: October 2022

Stress has been implicated in causing people to be more reliant on the use of stereotypes. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, in addition to its promise as a method to reduce negative judgments of members from historically disadvantaged groups. The current study examined the possibility that a brief mindfulness meditation could reduce the reliance on negative Black stereotypes. Endorsement of White stereotypes was also examined. Furthermore, we investigated whether mindfulness could buffer against the tendency of stress to increase reliance on these stereotypes. Participants totaled 160 and were recruited from Mturk and a large Midwestern university. They listened to either a 10‐min mindfulness or control audio tape, then completed either a stressful task or control task before answering questions to gauge reliance on stereotypes. Results indicated that the mindfulness condition significantly reduced the tendency to rely on Black stereotypes in comparison with the control condition. Participants in the stress condition increased reliance on these stereotypes, but mindfulness did not buffer against this effect. Interestingly, mindfulness did not affect the tendency to endorse negative stereotypes about Whites, which tended to be higher than negative Black stereotypes. These results suggest that mindfulness may be particularly effective in reducing the reliance on negative Black stereotypes in neutral conditions, but perhaps not under stressful conditions. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of European eel, Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Li Ying‐Ying , Chen Xi , Yang Jin‐Xian , Chen Qiang , Song Tie‐Ying , Ge Jun‐Qing
Published: October 2022

Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β‐actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Then, RefFinder was used to comprehensively rank the examined housekeeping genes. Interestingly, the expression of the evaluated housekeeping genes exhibited tissue‐dependent and treatment‐dependent variations. In different growth periods A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: ACTB in mucus; 18 S in skin and kidney; RPL7 in muscle, gill, intestine and brain; EF1A in heart and liver; and GAPDH in spleen. In contrast, in AngHV‐challenged A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: 18 S in mucus; RPL7 in skin, gill, heart, spleen, kidney and intestine; EF1A in muscle and liver; and ACTB in brain. Further comparison analysis indicated that the expression of RPL7 and EF1A was stable in multiple A. anguilla tissues in different growth periods and in eels challenged by AngHV. Nonetheless, the expression level of GAPDH in eel tissues was lower, and it was unstable in several tissues. These results indicated that the selection of reference genes for qPCR analysis in A. anguilla should be made in accordance with experimental parameters, and both RPL7 and EF1A could be used as reference genes for qPCR study of A. anguilla at different growth stages or upon challenge by AngHV. The reference genes identified in this study could improve the accuracy of qPCR data and facilitate further studies aimed at understanding the biology of eels.
Interplay of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation: A recipe for plant development and plasticity
Authors: Jiang Kai , Guo Hongwei , Zhai Jixian
Published: October 2022

Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli. Indeed, diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits. Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetic processes from the perspective of phytohormone biology. We also review chemical regulators used in epigenetic studies and propose strategies for developing novel regulators using multidisciplinary approaches.
α2δ‐1 protein drives opioid‐induced conditioned reward and synaptic NMDA receptor hyperactivity in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Jin Daozhong , Chen Hong , Chen Shao‐Rui , Pan Hui‐Lin
Published: October 2022

Glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are critically involved in drug dependence and reward. α2δ‐1 is a newly discovered NMDAR‐interacting protein that promotes synaptic trafficking of NMDARs independently of its conventional role as a calcium channel subunit. However, it remains unclear how repeated opioid exposure affects synaptic NMDAR activity and α2δ‐1‐NMDAR interaction in the NAc. In this study, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings showed that repeated treatment with morphine in mice markedly increased the NMDAR‐mediated frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and amplitude of puff NMDAR currents in medium spiny neurons in the NAc core region. Morphine treatment significantly increased the physical interaction of α2δ‐1 with GluN1 and their synaptic trafficking in the NAc. In Cacna2d1 knockout mice, repeated treatment with morphine failed to increase the frequency of mEPSCs and amplitude of puff NMDAR currents in the NAc core. Furthermore, inhibition of α2δ‐1 with gabapentin or disruption of the α2δ‐1‐NMDAR interaction with the α2δ‐1 C terminus–interfering peptide blocked the morphine‐elevated frequency of mEPSCs and amplitude of puff NMDAR currents in the NAc core. Correspondingly, systemically administered gabapentin, Cacna2d1 ablation, or microinjection of the α2δ‐1 C terminus–interfering peptide into the NAc core attenuated morphine‐induced conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization. Our study reveals that repeated opioid exposure strengthens presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDAR activity in the NAc via α2δ‐1. The α2δ‐1‐bound NMDARs in the NAc have a key function in the rewarding effect of opioids and could be targeted for treating opioid use disorder and addiction.

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Conduction block and temporal dispersion in a SIGMAR1‐related neuropathy
Authors: Frezatti Rodrigo Siqueira Soares , Tomaselli Pedro José , Figueiredo Fernanda Barbosa , Zuchner Stephan , Reilly Mary M , Marques Wilson
Published: October 2022

The distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) encompass a group of peripheral nervous system disorders characterized by progressive distal predominant weakness and wasting, usually in a length‐dependent pattern. The classical neurophysiological pattern is a motor axonal neuropathy with chronic distal denervation/reinnervation on needle examination. Conduction block (CB) and temporal dispersion (TD) are electrophysiological features classically associated with acquired demyelinating neuropathies. Although they have rarely been reported in hereditary neuropathies, to date they have not been described in dHMN. We report a sporadic case of a patient with neurophysiological criteria consistent with multifocal motor neuropathy with CB (MMN) refractory to immunomodulation. WES revealed a homozygous nonsense pathogenic variant in sigma nonopioid intracellular receptor‐1 gene (SIGMAR1). SIGMAR1‐related disorders have been reported with distinctive features suggesting it is not a typical length‐dependent neuropathy. Nevertheless, CB and TD are unexpected and as far as we have known not been described previously in such patients. This case expands the neurophysiological spectrum of this disease and alerts clinicians to this acquired demyelinating motor neuropathy mimic.
Adult pain and anticipatory anxiety assessment in the emergency department: An integrative literature review
Authors: Mccahill Robyn , Keogh Samantha , Hughes James A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Patients presenting to the emergency departments in pain often experience co‐occurring symptoms. Anticipatory anxiety in the emergency department may be currently under‐recognised. Clinical tools to facilitate the assessment of co‐occurring symptoms aligns with providing more patient centred care and improved outcomes and experience.

Aims

This integrative review aimed to identify and examine the psychometric properties of tools currently used for pain and anticipatory anxiety assessment in adult patients presenting to the emergency department. This study also aimed to identify the current clinical practice used to assess adult pain and anticipatory anxiety.

Methods

Whittemore and Knafl's methodology guided the review process, and it is reported according to relevant items from PRISMA checklist. Studies were included if they focused on tools for pain or anxiety assessment of adults in emergency departments in English language publications since 2010. Quality of studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The results were summarised through narrative synthesis.

Results

A total of 15 studies were identified for narrative synthesis. Six tools for pain, and four tools for anticipative anxiety were found. All currently used clinical tools assess symptoms in isolation. There was limited discussion of the clinical context of identified tools within the included studies.

Conclusion

Pain and anxiety assessment are currently performed in symptom isolation with a variety of tools with varying degrees of reliability. There exists a lack of clinical tools able to assess co‐occurring symptoms of pain and anticipatory anxiety in the clinical setting of the emergency department. No studies discussed clinical tool use in current practice.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The reconstruction of available pain and anxiety assessment tools into one validated and holistic tool for assessment in the ED clinical setting, would provide a contextually appropriate guide to clinical assessment and treatment. Acknowledging and measuring these symptoms may facilitate future rigorous testing of experimental studies of novel methods to reduce pain and anxiety in the ED.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Patient or public contribution does not apply to this Integrative Review.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

Not applicable.
Construction of a diagnostic classifier for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer based on XGBoost feature selection and random forest model
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Xiuqing , Chen Jia , Han Jing , Chen Xiaofeng , Fan Yueping , Zheng Hui
Published: October 2022

Background

The pathological phenotype of early‐stage cervical cancer (CC) is similar to that of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which provides a challenge for the diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions. Meanwhile, the existing diagnostic methods have certain subjectivity and limitations, resulting in the possibility of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Hence, some methods are needed to assist diagnosis of CC and CIN.

Methods

Based on the data of CIN and CC in gene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to screen the feature genes between CIN and CC for constructing the classifier. Incremental feature selection (IFS) curve was also used for screening. The classifier was validated for reliability using principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction analysis and heat map analysis of gene expression. Then, differentially expressed genes of CIN and CC were intersected with the classifier genes. Genes in the intersection were used as seeds for protein–protein interaction network construction and restart random walk analysis. And the genes with the top 50 affinity coefficients were selected for gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) enrichment analyses to observe the biological functions with differences between CIN and CC.

Results

The peripheral blood genes of CIN and CC were analyzed, and seven genes were screened. Using this gene for classifier construction, IFS curve screening revealed that the three‐feature gene classifier constructed according to the random forest model had the best effect. The results of PCA dimensionality reduction analysis and gene expression heat map analysis showed that the three‐gene classifier could effectively distinguish CIN from CC.

Conclusion

A three‐gene diagnostic classifier can effectively distinguish CIN patients from CC patients and provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis of early CC.
A grooved porous hydroxyapatite scaffold induces osteogenic differentiation via regulation of PKA activity by upregulating miR‐129‐5p expression
Authors: Deng Li , Li Xinlun , Ren Xiaohua , Lai Shuang , Zhu Yushu , Li Jing , Huang Hao , Mu Yandong
Published: October 2022

Background and objective

Hydroxyapatite scaffolds with different morphologies have been widely used in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to be extensively involved in regulating bone regeneration. We developed grooved porous hydroxyapatite (HAG) scaffolds with good osteogenic efficiency. However, little is known about the role of miRNAs in HAG scaffold‐mediated promotion of bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to reveal the mechanism from the perspective of differential miRNA expression.

Methods

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to perform the coculture of cells and scaffolds. The miRNA profiles were generated by a microarray assay. A synthetic miR‐129‐5p mimic and inhibitor were used for overexpression or inhibition. The expression of osteogenic marker mRNAs and proteins was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT–PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. An ALP activity kit and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to measure ALP activity and mineral deposition formation. Cell migration ability was examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Protein kinase A (PKA) activity was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after miR‐129‐5p transfection. Target genes were identified by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. H89 preculture evaluated the cross talk between miR‐129‐5p and PKA activity. Heterotopic implantation models, hematoxylin–eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry staining, and micro‐CT were used to evaluate miR‐129‐5p osteogenesis in vivo.

Results

miRNAs were differentially expressed during osteogenic differentiation induced by HAG in vitro and in vivo. miR‐129‐5p was the only highly expressed miRNA both in vitro and in vivo. miR‐129‐5p overexpression promoted osteoblast differentiation and cell migration, while its inhibition weakened the effect of HAG. Moreover, miR‐129‐5p activated PKA to regulate the phosphorylation of β‐catenin and cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) by inhibiting cAMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha (Pkia). H89 prevented the effects of miR‐129‐5p on osteogenic differentiation and cell migration. HE, immunohistochemistry staining and micro‐CT results showed that miR‐129‐5p promoted in vivo osteogenesis of the HAG scaffold.

Conclusion

The HAG scaffold activates Pka by upregulating miR‐129‐5p and inhibiting Pkia, resulting in CREB‐dependent transcriptional activation and accumulation of β‐catenin and promoting osteogenic marker expression.
Molecular systematic analysis of the genus Notelaea (Oleaceae): SNPs from high‐density DArT‐sequencing unravel the mystery of the species limits of threatened species of Notelaea
Authors: Manawaduge Chapa , Brown Gillian , Simmons Catherine L. , Phillips Matthew J. , Fuller Susan
Published: October 2022

Conservation decision‐making and prioritization of management actions for taxa at high risk of extinction require a clear understanding of systematic relationships and species boundaries. Taxonomic uncertainty surrounds two threatened species of native olive (genus Notelaea) endemic to Australia. Notelaea ipsviciensis is known from only one small population and is listed as critically endangered under Australian and Queensland legislation, while Notelaea lloydii is listed as vulnerable due to its restricted distribution in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Notelaea ipsviciensis occurs in sympatry with N. lloydii, at the only site where it is found, and exhibits intermediate morphology between N. lloydii and Notelaea ovata raising speculation that it is a natural hybrid of the two. To address this uncertainty, we have reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of the genus Notelaea using both single‐gene sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. While the chloroplast DNA markers were not found to be informative, the genome‐wide SNPs used in this study have unequivocally resolved the long‐standing question of the hybrid origin of N. ipsviciensis. Results of the phylogenetics and hybrid analyses of SNP data show that N. ipsviciensis is a natural hybrid of N. lloydii and N. ovata, and the taxon's circumscription needs to be re‐evaluated. Our results also revealed unclear species boundaries among numerous other Notelaea species, including the threatened N. lloydii, indicating that further investigation and taxonomic revision may be necessary.
Machine learning approach for obstructive sleep apnea screening using brain diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Pang Bo , Doshi Suraj , Roy Bhaswati , Lai Milena , Ehlert Luke , Aysola Ravi S. , Kang Daniel W. , Anderson Ariana , Joshi Shantanu H. , Tward Daniel , Scalzo Fabien , Vacas Susana , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2022

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show autonomic, mood, cognitive, and breathing dysfunctions that are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, which can be improved with early screening and intervention. The gold standard and other available methods for OSA diagnosis are complex, require whole‐night data, and have significant wait periods that potentially delay intervention. Our aim was to examine whether using faster and less complicated machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), with brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data can classify OSA from healthy controls. We collected two DTI series from 59 patients with OSA [age: 50.2 ± 9.9 years; body mass index (BMI): 31.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2; apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI): 34.1 ± 21.2 events/h 23 female] and 96 controls (age: 51.8 ± 9.7 years; BMI: 26.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; 51 female) using a 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Using DTI data, mean diffusivity maps were calculated from each series, realigned and averaged, normalised to a common space, and used to conduct cross‐validation for model training and selection and to predict OSA. The RF model showed 0.73 OSA and controls classification accuracy and 0.85 area under the curve (AUC) value on the receiver‐operator curve. Cross‐validation showed the RF model with comparable fitting over SVM for OSA and control data (SVM; accuracy, 0.77; AUC, 0.84). The RF ML model performs similar to SVM, indicating the comparable statistical fitness to DTI data. The findings indicate that RF model has similar AUC and accuracy over SVM, and either model can be used as a faster OSA screening tool for subjects having brain DTI data.
Texture modulation of starch‐based closed‐cell foams using 3D printing: Deformation behavior beyond the elastic regime
Authors: Fahmy Ahmed Raouf , Jekle Mario , Becker Thomas
Published: October 2022

3‐dimensional printing is a novel processing method used for the design and manipulation of food textures. The systematic characterization and modulation of 3D printed food textures is imperative for the future design of sensory profiles using additive manufacturing. For 3D printed closed‐cell food foams, the clarification of the deformation behavior in relation to design parameters is of interest for the processing of customized food textures. For this reason, we studied the deformation behavior of 3D printed and thermally stabilized closed‐cell starch‐based foams beyond the elastic regime. Periodic spherical bubble configurations at different porosity levels were used to modulate the deformation behavior of the printed foams. From a processing perspective, the integration of in‐line thermal stabilization was used to eliminate post‐processing and to control the moisture content of the starch‐based system. Compression analysis combined with FEM simulations were performed to characterize the strain rate dependency of textural properties, the stress relaxation, and the foam's stress–strain behavior with respect to the design porosity and bubble distribution. Results showed that the stress relaxation is solely dependent on cell wall properties while different stress–strain regimes showed distinct dependencies on design parameters such as bubble size and distribution. Consequently, the precise control of the large deformation behavior of foods using 3D printing is challenging due to the superposition of structural and geometrical dependencies. Finally, through the presented approach, the structure‐deformation relations of 3D printed closed‐cell food structures are adequately described.
Validation of a focused echocardiographic training program in first opinion practice
Authors: Dickson David , Harris Joanne , Chang Chia‐Hsuan , Patteson Mark , Hezzell Melanie J.
Published: October 2022

Background

The EPIC study defines criteria, including echocardiographic assessments of left atrial to aortic ratio (LA: Ao) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized for body weight (LVIDdN), for dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) likely to benefit from pimobendan therapy. Access to echocardiography by a cardiologist is not universally available.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Completion of a focused echocardiographic training program would result in accurate identification of dogs fulfilling the EPIC criteria by primary care veterinarians (PC).

Participants

Six PCs with no previous echocardiographic experience.

Methods

Prospective diagnostic test accuracy study. After training, each PC evaluated ≤10 dogs that they believed to have preclinical MMVD. The evaluation was repeated by 1 of 3 cardiology diplomates, blinded to the PC's findings. Agreement between clinical assessments and echocardiographic measurements was assessed.

Results

Fifty‐seven dogs were evaluated by PCs; 1 dog was withdrawn because of congestive heart failure. The median time between PC and cardiologist evaluation was 0 days (range, 0‐8). One incorrect diagnosis of MMVD was made by a PC (this dog had dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM]); preclinical MMVD was confirmed by the cardiologist in 55 dogs. No difference in LA: Ao (P = .96; CV = 6.9%) was detected between PCs and cardiologists. LVIDdN (1.69 cm/kg0.294(1.26‐2.21) vs 1.73 cm/kg0.294(1.32‐2.73);P = .001; CV = 6.5%), was significantly lower when measured by PCs vs cardiologists. PCs and cardiologists agreed regarding assessment of EPIC criteria in 49/56 dogs (Alpha = .761, 95% confidence interval 0.697‐0.922).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The program effectively trained PCs to accurately assess EPIC criteria in dogs with preclinical MMVD.
Haptophyte communities along the Kuroshio current reveal their geographical sources and ecological traits
Authors: Endo Hisashi , Umezawa Yu , Takeda Shigenobu , Suzuki Koji
Published: October 2022

Haptophytes are one of the most ecologically successful phytoplankton groups in the modern ocean and tend to maintain balanced and stable communities across various environments. However, little is known about the mechanisms that enable community stability and ecological success. To reveal the community characteristics and interactions among haptophytes, we conducted comprehensive observations from the upstream to downstream regions of the Kuroshio Current. Haptophyte abundance and taxonomy were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and metabarcoding of 18S rRNA sequences, respectively. The haptophyte community structure changed abruptly at sites on the shelf‐slope of the East China Sea, indicating the strong influence of shelf waters with high phytoplankton biomass on downstream communities. Correlation network analysis combined with the phylogeny suggested that haptophytes can coexist with their close relatives, possibly owing to their nutritional flexibility, thereby escaping from resource competition. Consistently, some noncalcifying haptophyte genera with high mixotrophic capacities such asChrysochromulinaconstituted a major component of the co‐occurrence network, whereas coccolithophores such asEmiliania/Gephyrocapsawere rarely observed. Our study findings suggest that noncalcifying haptophytes play crucial roles in community diversity and stability, and in sustaining the food web structure in the Kuroshio ecosystems.
Intra‐Articular Biomechanical Changes of the Meniscus and Ligaments During Stance Phase of Gait Circle after Different Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgical Procedures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Mao Zi‐mu , Wang Zhen‐wei , Xu Chao , Liu Chen‐he , Zhang Zhi‐yu , Ren Xiao‐li , Xue An‐qi , Li Ze‐nan , Zhao Feng , Yao Qi , Yu Jia‐kuo
Published: October 2022

Objective

The debate on the superiority of single‐ or double‐bundle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has not ceased. The comparative studies on intra‐articular biomechanics after different surgical reconstructions are rare. This study is to evaluate the biomechanical stress distribution intra‐knee after single‐ and double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by three‐dimensional finite element analysis, and to observe the change of stress concentration under the condition of vertical gradient loads.

Methods

In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data were extracted from patients and healthy controls for biomechanical analysis. Patients included in the three models were matched in age and sex. The strength and distribution of induced stresses were analyzed in two frequently used procedures, anatomical single‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and anatomical double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, using femoral‐graft‐tibial system under different loads, to mimic a post‐operation mechanical motion. The three‐dimensional finite‐element models for normal ligament and two surgical methods were applied. A vertical force simulating daily walking was performed on the models to assess the interfacial stresses and displacements of intra‐articular tissues and ligaments. The evaluation results mainly included the stress of each part of ligament and meniscus. The stress values of different parts of three models were extracted and compared.

Results

The stress of ligament/graft at femoral side of three finite‐element models was significantly higher than at tibial side, while the highest level was observed in single‐bundle reconstruction finite‐element model. With the increase of force, the maximum stress in the medial (7.1–7.1 MPa) and lateral (4.9–7.4 MPa) meniscus of single‐bundle reconstruction finite‐element model shifted from the anterior horn to the central area (p = 0.0161, 0.0479, respectively). The stress was shown to be at a lower level at femoral side and posterior cruciate ligament of intra‐knee in two reconstruction finite‐element models than that in normal finite‐element models, while presented higher level at the tibial side than normal knee (p = 0.3528). The displacement of the femoral side and intra‐knee areas in reconstruction finite‐element models was greater than that in normal finite‐element model (p = 0.0855).

Conclusion

Compared with the single‐bundle technique, the graft of double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has better stress dissipation effect and can prevent postoperative meniscus tear more effectively.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Hand: Unique Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Soo‐Hwan , Park Il‐Jung , Yoo Ji Won , Park Jong Woo , Park Hyun Woo , Oh Seungbae
Published: October 2022

Background

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a reactive, noninfectious, neutrophilic dermatosis. Diagnosis of PG is based on exclusion, due to lack of availability of a confirmatory test. PG is not caused by infection or gangrene. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of PG can lead to devastating results.

Case Presentation

In this report, we present a patient with a delayed diagnosis of PG lesion on right hand. Despite initial surgical treatment, the wound was aggravated, and amputation was considered; however, it was eventually treated successfully with an autologous split thickness skin graft.

Conclusions

Knowledge of the PG is essential to actively consider PG in early stage to help facilitate immediate treatment and avoid unnecessary interventions that may worsen the outcome.
High‐temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches
Authors: Khan Aamir Hamid , Min Ling , Ma Yizan , Zeeshan Muhammad , Jin Shuangxia , Zhang Xianlong
Published: October 2022

Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
Holding fast to collectivist values in a health emergency
Authors: Beddoe Liz
Published: October 2022

Editorial
Counselling in relationships: Insights for helping families develop healthy connections
Authors: Gilmour Fleurina
Published: October 2022

Book review
Understanding the personality of single and married women
Authors: Francis Christina , Cherian Reena Merin , Alex Rony Geo
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: In contemporary Indian society, there is now restructuring and reorientation of a women’s role. The importance of studying married and single women has now become more pertinent because of the changing attitudes, increased literacy rate of women, and their involvement in politics and economic development. The present study aimed to understand whether the status of being “married” or “single” influences a woman’s personality.METHODS: The sample consisted of 52 women from New Delhi, India. The NEO-FFI-3 (McCrae & Costa, 2010) was used to measure the five domains of personality: neuroticism (N); extraversion (E); openness to experience (O); agreeableness (A); and conscientiousness (C).FINDINGS: The analysis showed no significant differences in personality between single and married women.CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the status of being married or single was, alone, not enough to differentiate their personalities. However, married women have varying moods and the capability for communicating and interacting with others more effortlessly in comparison to single women. This paves way for the demystification of the notion of marriage and provides avenues for deconstructing the position of marriage as a norm. Social workers should be aware of gender inequalities and bias, including about status of married and single women.
Social licence and norm violation
Authors: Dare Tim
Published: October 2022

It has become increasingly common to refer to ‘social licence’ or ‘the social licence to operate’.  However there is a good deal of disagreement around social licence.  This short commentary focuses on one ambiguity.  Some accounts stipluate that practice for which social licence might be given or withheld must lie outside general norms.  I argue that this cannot be an adequate definition of social licence.  It faces conceptual difficulties and would excluding many apparently uncontroversial appeals to the notion.
Challenging the status quo of gendered cancer care
Authors: Waring Lizzie Anne
Published: October 2022

LGBTTQIA+ patients are at a higher risk for certain cancers yet access relevant screeningand healthcare less frequently than cis-gendered, heterosexual women. This can be attributed to fears of discrimination, feeling unrepresented, and past experiences of disrespect from healthcare professionals, especially in a gendered healthcare environment. The use of Women’s Clinics in health endorses a viewpoint of binary gender, with an assumption of cis- gendered heteronormativity. As social workers we have responsibilities under the Code of Ethics and Core Competencies to advocate for change and challenge the status quo. We need to take action to improve healthcare experiences for LGBTTQIA+ patients. These include the correct use of inclusive language, changes to the physical environment, and practical changes to how we undertake routine examinations and engage with LGBTTQIA+ patients.