bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining service triad operations: Formation, functioning, and feedback exchanges
Authors: Suurmond Robert , Menor Larry J. , Wynstra Finn
Published: June 2022

We study service triads by examining the member‐to‐member exchanges underpinning service formation, functioning, and feedback. A service triad comprises two serviced customers from the supplier's standpoint and two service providers from the end user's standpoint, which can cause operational complexity and challenges. We view the service triad as an operating entity and study four information‐rich cases to improve our understanding of this operational complexity. Leveraging scholarly knowledge related to service operations management and ecosystems theory, we uncover several interesting patterns related to the formation, functioning, and feedback exchanges. First, the formation exchanges depend on the value creation goal of the service triad. Second, the service buyer engages in operational coordination, despite delegating the delivery of services to the supplier. Third, feedback exchanges allow the service triad to monitor service performance for further improvement and innovation. Our qualitative inquiry focusing on the visualization and codification of members’ participation in exchanges advances our collective understanding of service triads beyond the dominant focus on structure and governance.
You can't be what you can't see: The role of gender in the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship
Authors: Oggero Noemi , Devicienti Francesco , Rossi Mariacristina , Vannoni Davide
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigate how the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship varies between sons and daughters and whether such a process depends on living in a country characterized by a high gender gap. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe data set, we find that the effect on daughters' entrepreneurial choices of having an entrepreneur as father is lower than the one on sons only in countries with a high gender gap. Moreover, it is just in countries with high gender inequality that the effect of having an entrepreneurial mother is different between sons and daughters, with the impact being positive for daughters only. We also develop an individual‐level indicator of gender gap within countries that corroborates our findings, which we interpret as evidence of the presence of a role‐modeling mechanism. However, we find evidence of convergence across time of the intergenerational transmission process to the gender‐independent transfer typical of more gender‐equal countries.
Characterization and ex vivo evaluation of excised skin samples as substitutes for human dermal barrier in pharmaceutical and dermatological studies
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Klang Victoria , Schweiger Eva‐Maria , Varga‐Medveczky Zsófia , Mihály Anna , Pongor Csaba , Révész Zsolt , Somogyi Zoltán , Erdő Franciska
Published: June 2022

Background

Excised animal and human skins are frequently used in permeability testing in pharmaceutical research. Several factors exist that may have influence on the results. In the current study some of the skin parameters that may affect drug permeability were analysed for human, mouse, rat and pig skin.

Materials and methods

Classic biophysical skin parameters were measured (e.g. pH, hydration, permittivity, transepidermal water loss). Physiological characteristics of the skins were also analysed by confocal Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and two‐photon microscopy.

Results

Based on biophysical testing, skin barrier function was damaged in psoriatic mouse skin and in marketed pig skin. Hydration and pH values were similar among the species, but freezing and thawing reduced the water content of the skins and shifted the surface pH to acidic. Aging reduced hydration and permittivity, resulting in impaired barrier function. Mechanical sensitization used in permeability studies resulted in proportional thinning of dead epidermis.

Discussion

Results indicate that depending on the scientific question it should be considered whether fresh or frozen tissue is used, and for certain purposes rodent skins are well usable. The structure of the skin tissue (ceramide, cholesterol, keratin, natural moisturizing factor or urea) is similar in rats and mice, but due to the higher skin thickness the lipid distribution is different in porcine skin. Psoriasis led to irregular chemical composition of the skin.

Conclusion

A comprehensive evaluation of skin samples of four species was performed. The biophysical and microscopic observations should be considered when selecting drug penetration models and experimental conditions.
Application of a modified nictitating membrane flap in a fledgling feral pigeon (Columba livia domestica) with bullous keratopathy
Authors: Jung Sunjun , Rhim Haerin , Kim Namsoo , Han Jae‐Ik
Published: June 2022

A fledgling feral pigeon with systemic protozoal infection was referred with corneal protrusion in the right eye after being treated for a corneal ulcer for 12 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a corneal bulla covering almost the entire central cornea and preventing the eyelids from closing. Gelatinous corneal stroma with numerous heterophils surrounding the corneal bulla was also detected on cytologic examination. Bullous keratopathy and melting keratitis in the right eye were diagnosed. Temporary tarsorrhaphy with topical eye drops was prescribed for a week; however, the bulla persisted. A modified nictitating membrane flap was created under general anesthesia and maintained for 2 weeks. The corneal bulla resolved, and corneal thickness was restored. The pigeon was presented again with recurrence of the corneal bulla in the right eye after 45 days. Alternative surgical options were recommended; however, the pigeon was euthanized because the protozoa‐induced intra‐oral and intra‐aural masses caused malformation of the beaks, which made voluntary feeding impossible.
Theoretical models and statistical modelling of linguistic epicentres
Authors: Bernaisch Tobias , Gries Stefan Th. , Heller Benedikt
Published: June 2022

Motivated by a fundamental discussion of the relation between theoretical and statistical modelling, the present paper takes stock of the research history of linguistic epicentres in the world Englishes paradigm and seeks to provide suggestions for future epicentral studies. Based on a review of earlier research into potential epicentral constellations, we provide an overview of the genesis of the concept of linguistic epicentres, describe different methodological approaches that have been chosen and/or recommended for their study and provide statistical comments. With a view to future epicentral research, we aim at (i) refining the theoretical construct of linguistic epicentres, (ii) suggesting empirical methods that allow identifying epicentral constellations more reliably than in the past and (iii) making statistical recommendations particularly relevant to epicentral research.
Epicentral influences of Indian English on Nepali English
Authors: Götz Sandra
Published: June 2022

The present paper investigates India's potential role as a linguistic epicentre for Nepal by conducting a short‐term diachronic follow‐up study of Bernaisch and Lange (2012) that is based on theSouth Asian Varieties of Englishcorpus. Based on the recently updated version of the corpus with similar data from a decade later, a potential spread of the presentationalitselfconstruction with an adverbial focus, which has allegedly spread in Nepal originating in Indian English, is investigated. Also, possible instances of invariant use ofitself, that are frequently used in Indian English, will be scrutinized. While findings indeed show an increase of the adverbial focus construction, supporting India's role as an epicentre for the region, only one invariant use of the feature can be documented in Nepali English, which can tentatively be interpreted as a selection process that might be at play in the acceptance and spread of certain epicentrally induced features over others.
Epicentral effects on ‐ed/‐tinflectional variation in Australasian Englishes 1850–2020
Authors: Peters Pam , Smith Adam , Korhonen Minna
Published: June 2022

This research examines the possibility of epicentral influence of AusE on NZE, focusing on morphosyntactic variation over 170 years in verb inflections (‐ed/‐t) for the past tense/participles of a set of 12 verbs includingburn,learn,spell,spoil. To obtain a diachronic perspective on them in Australasian Englishes we use historical data from 19th‐ and 20th‐century corpora, and 21st‐century data from the NOW corpus of online news. Most verbs show increasing use of‐tforms in AusE from the 19th to 20th century, and an increase in NZE in the later 20th century, which could be construed as epicentral influence from west to east. But in 21st‐century data from NOW, the‐ed/‐tbalance shifts to‐edin both Australasian varieties for eight out of 12 verbs. The fact that ‐tusage on some remains higher in contemporary NZE than AusE suggests a kind of epicentral lag.
Zoonotic Babesia microti infection in wild rodents in Erzurum province, northeastern Turkey
Authors: Guven Esin , Akyuz Muzaffer , Kirman Ridvan , Balkaya Ibrahim , Avcioglu Hamza
Published: June 2022

Wild rodents are natural reservoir hosts of various pathogens, including Babesia microti. This study investigated the presence of B. microti in rodents from Erzurum province in Turkey. A total of 498 rodents and 21 rodent‐fed ticks were analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to test for the presence of B. microti. Babesia spp. were detected in three (0.6%) of the 498 rodent spleen samples. The Babesia‐positive rodent species were identified as Microtus socialis by means of molecular analysis. The rodent‐fed ticks comprised 15 Ixodes laguri and 6 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, none of which tested positive for Babesia spp. A sequence analysis of the 18S PCR amplicons confirmed the three Babesia‐positive samples to be B. microti. The Erzurum isolates were 100% identical to the zoonotic Jena strain. The results of this study indicate the existence of zoonotic B. microti strains that may constitute a potential public health risk in Erzurum province. Future studies should determine the tick vector and other reservoir rodent species of B. microti in Erzurum.
EFFECT OF HBN FILLERS ON RHEOLOGY PROPERTY AND SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ABS EXTRUDATE
Authors: Lau Kok-Tee , Mohammad Taha Mastura , Abd Rashid Norhanani Hidayati , Manogaran Devaki , Ahmad Mohd Nazri
Published: June 2022

ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). However, ABS tends to experience warping after printing. The current paper investigates the effect of hBN fill on rheology property and diameter of ABS extrudate. ABS filled hBN composite was prepared by a facile solution mixing method. Rheological characterisation by capillary rheometer shows that ABS filled 5 wt% hBN composite exhibited a higher shear viscosity than the pure ABS. hBN addition appears to increase the shear viscosity of ABS by 62% at the shear rate of 200 s-1, but the increase was reduced to 20% at 1000 s-1. ABS-hBN extrudate surface microstructure deteriorated lesser than ABS extrudate when the shear rate increased up to 1000s-1. SEM micrograph of ABS-hBN extrudate’s surface exhibited less sharkskin feature but its swell percentage is 5.4% higher than the ABS extrudate. The addition of hBN fillers resulted in higher shear viscosity and percentage of ABS die swell but exhibited less sharkfin feature (smoother surface) on extrudate surface than the pure ABS.
IMPERIALIST COMPETITIVE ALGORITHM FOR INCREASING THE LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Authors: Abdul Latiff Nurul Mu'azzah , Abdul Aziz Nurul Jannah , AL-Dhief Fahad Taha , Idoumghar Lhassane , Nik Abdul Malik Nik Noordini
Published: June 2022

Recent years have seen the rapid growth in the applications of wireless sensor network (WSN) which is due to the advances of sensor nodes with low cost and tiny size. Despite the various potential applications of WSN, one of the key tasks in sensor network design is to make sure that the network is functional as long as possible. This paper presents an energy-efficient cluster head selection algorithm for the clustering of heterogeneous WSN, inspired by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). In order to reduce the network energy consumption and subsequently increases the sensor network lifetime, the clustering problem is transformed into an optimization problem and the specific cost function is used to select the cluster heads in a way that the energy utilization of the network is optimized. Extensive simulation works are done based on MATLAB to test the algorithm in various network scenarios, with different network sizes and number of nodes. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm is able to extend the network lifetime compared to its comparative by up to 154 percent in terms of first node death. Furthermore, choosing the optimum set of cluster heads at every round has proved that our proposed algorithm not only could reduce the network energy consumption, but also improves the total data delivery at the base station up to 59 percent compared to the well-known algorithm.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF POTENTIAL EBOLA VP40 INHIBITORS USING BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Abd Halim Khairul Bariyyah , Samin Noor Atikah , Mohamad Yussof Mohamad Ariff
Published: June 2022

Ebola virus (EBOV) belongs to Filoviridae family, a deadly virus that can cause severe viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) with a high fatality rate between 25 to 90 percent. Amongst EBOV proteins, the EBOV matrix protein VP40 is crucial in facilitating the transcription of the viral gene in the early stage of infection. To date, there is no cure for EBOV and available chemical drugs were known to cause severe side effects. It is known that bioactive compounds from natural products can potentially combat this viral disease with fewer side effects. Therefore, this study aims to screen 15 bioactive compounds of medicinal plants from Malaysia. These compounds were docked against the RNA active site (Phe125 and Arg134) on VP40 matrix protein using AutoDock Vina. The ADMET properties and the toxicity class of the compounds were predicted computationally, and the compounds with good oral bioavailability were chosen for docking simulations. The top three docked compounds namely apigenin, epiexcelsin and kaempferol have a binding affinity of -4.6, -4.4 and -4.3 kJ/mol respectively. Our MD simulation study showed that epiexcelsin is the best candidate among the three selected compounds. Binding free energy calculation via molecular-mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method showed that epiexcelsin has the lowest binding free energy of -56.503 kJ/mol compared to apigenin (-40.344 kJ/mol) and kaemferol (-27.329 kJ/mol).  Our results suggest that epiexcelsin from local herbal plants can potentially be explored as a good candidate for further development of EBOV inhibitor targeting VP40.
Wind Energy Research in the Netherlands
Authors: Eecen Peter , Rao K.R.
Published: June 2022

Interest in the application of modern wind energy grew in the Netherlands in the 1970s when the limit of fossil fuels became clear. Wind energy has been an important source of energy in The Netherlands for centuries and the country was known for the many wooden wind mills especially in the coastal regions. At the same time, research activities in the modern wind energy were started, which have led to the relatively large wind energy research community in the Netherlands today.
Position fixing with cold atom gravity gradiometers
Authors: Phillips Alexander M. , Wright Michael J. , Riou Isabelle , Maddox Stephen , Maskell Simon , Ralph Jason F.
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a position fixing method for autonomous navigation using partial gravity gradient solutions from cold atom interferometers. Cold atom quantum sensors can provide ultra-precise measurements of inertial quantities, such as acceleration and rotation rates. However, we investigate the use of pairs of cold atom interferometers to measure the local gravity gradient and to provide position information by referencing these measurements against a suitable database. Simulating the motion of a vehicle, we use partial gravity gradient measurements to reduce the positional drift associated with inertial navigation systems. Using standard open source global gravity databases, we show stable navigation solutions for trajectories of over 1000 km.
Towards a practical methodology for assessment of the objective occlusion effect induced by earplugs
Authors: Saint-Gaudens Hugo , Nélisse Hugues , Sgard Franck , Doutres Olivier
Published: June 2022

The occlusion effect (OE) occurs when the earcanal becomes occluded by an in-ear device, sometimes leading to discomforts experienced by the users due to the augmented perception of physiological noises, or to a distorted perception of one's own voice. The OE can be assessed objectively by measuring the amplification of the low-frequency sound pressure level (SPL) in the earcanal using in-ear microphones. However, as revealed by methodological discrepancies found in past studies, the measurement of this objective occlusion effect (OEobj) is not standardized. With the goal of proposing a robust yet simple methodology adapted for field assessment, three experimental aspects are investigated: (i) stimulation source and the stimulus's characteristics to induce the phenomenon, (ii) measurement method of the SPL in earcanal, (iii) indicator to quantify the OEobj. To do so, OEobj is measured on human participants in laboratory conditions. Results obtained with a specific insert device suggest using the participant's own voice combined with simultaneous measurements of the SPLs based on the noise reduction method and using a single value indicator leads to a simple yet robust methodology to assess OEobj. Further research is necessary to validate the results with other devices and to generalize the methodology for field assessment.
Specific Adaptations to 0%, 15%, 25%, and 50% Velocity-Loss Thresholds During Bench Press Training
Authors: Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Cornejo-Daza Pedro Jesús , Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Alcazar Julian , Rodriguez-López Carlos , Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Alegre Luis María , León-Prados Juan A. , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To compare the effect of 4 velocity-loss (VL) thresholds—0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), 25% (VL25), and 50% (VL50)—on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during the bench press (BP) exercise using intensities ranging from 55% to 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Methods: Fifty resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to 4 groups that followed an 8-week (16 sessions) BP training program at 55% to 70% 1RM but differed in the VL allowed in each set (VL0, VL15, VL25, and VL50). Assessments performed before (pre) and after (post) the training program included (1) cross-sectional area of pectoralis major muscle, (2) maximal isometric test, (3) progressive loading test, and (4) fatigue test in the BP exercise. Results: A significant group × time interaction was found for 1RM (P = .01), where all groups except VL0 showed significant gains in 1RM strength (P < .001). The VL25 group attained the greatest gains in 1RM strength and most load–velocity relationship parameters analyzed. A significant group × time interaction was observed for EMG root mean square in pectoralis major (P = .03) where only the VL25 group showed significant increases (P = .02). VL50 showed decreased EMG root mean square in triceps brachii (P = .006). Only the VL50 group showed significant increases in cross-sectional area (P < .001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that a VL threshold of about 25% with intensities from 55% to 70% 1RM in BP provides an optimal training stimulus to maximize dynamic strength performance and neuromuscular adaptations, while higher VL thresholds promote higher muscle hypertrophy.
Immersive Real-Time Biofeedback Optimized With Enhanced Expectancies Improves Motor Learning: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Williams Ashley M. , Hogg Jennifer A. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Kendall Samantha B. , Jenkins Colton T. , Acocello Shellie N. , Liang Yu , Wu Dalei , Myer Gregory D. , Wilkerson Gary B.
Published: June 2022

Context: An Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning theory-based motor learning intervention delivering autonomy support and enhanced expectancies (EE) shows promise for reducing cognitive-motor dual-task costs, or the relative difference in primary task performance when completed with and without a secondary cognitive task, that facilitate adaptive injury-resistant movement response. The current pilot study sought to determine the effectiveness of an autonomy support versus an EE-enhanced virtual reality motor learning intervention to reduce dual-task costs during single-leg balance. Design: Within-subjects 3 × 3 trial. Methods: Twenty-one male and 24 female participants, between the ages of 18 and 30 years, with no history of concussion, vertigo, lower-extremity surgery, or lower-extremity injuries the previous 6 months, were recruited for training sessions on consecutive days. Training consisted of 5 × 8 single-leg squats on each leg, during which all participants mimicked an avatar through virtual reality goggles. The autonomy support group chose an avatar color, and the EE group received positive kinematic biofeedback. Baseline, immediate, and delayed retention testing consisted of single-leg balancing under single- and dual-task conditions. Mixed-model analysis of variances compared dual-task costs for center of pressure velocity and SD between groups on each limb. Results: On the right side, dual-task costs for anterior–posterior center of pressure mean and SD were reduced in the EE group (mean Δ = −51.40, Cohen d = 0.80 and SD Δ = −66.00%, Cohen d = 0.88) compared with the control group (mean Δ = −22.09, Cohen d = 0.33 and SD Δ = −36.10%, Cohen d = 0.68) from baseline to immediate retention. Conclusions: These findings indicate that EE strategies that can be easily implemented in a clinic or sport setting may be superior to task-irrelevant AS approaches for influencing injury-resistant movement adaptations.
Phosphorylation of neuroligin-2 by PKA regulates its cell surface abundance and synaptic stabilization
Authors: Halff Els F. , Hannan Saad , Kwanthongdee Jaturon , Lesept Flavie , Smart Trevor G. , Kittler Josef T.
Published: June 2022

The trans-synaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2 (NL2) is essential for the development and function of inhibitory synapses. NL2 recruits the postsynaptic scaffold protein gephyrin, which, in turn, stabilizes γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA
A
Rs) in the postsynaptic domain. Thus, the amount of NL2 at the synapse can control synaptic GABA
A
R concentration to tune inhibitory neurotransmission efficacy. Here, using biochemistry, imaging, single-particle tracking, and electrophysiology, we uncovered a key role for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the synaptic stabilization of NL2. We found that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of NL2 at Ser
714
caused its dispersal from the synapse and reduced NL2 surface amounts, leading to a loss of synaptic GABA
A
Rs. Conversely, enhancing the stability of NL2 at synapses by abolishing PKA-mediated phosphorylation led to increased inhibitory signaling. Thus, PKA plays a key role in regulating NL2 function and GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Limited Sampling Strategies for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Pyrazinamide in Patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Abolhassani-Chimeh Reihaneh , Akkerman Onno W. , Saktiawati Antonia M. I. , Punt Nieko C. , Bolhuis Mathieu S. , Subronto Yanri W. , Sumardi  , van der Werf Tjip S. , Kosterink Jos G. W. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C. , Sturkenboom Marieke G. G.
Published: June 2022

Pyrazinamide is one of the first-line antituberculosis drugs. The efficacy of pyrazinamide is associated with the ratio of 24-h area under the concentration–time curve (AUC
24
) to MIC.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Imipenem-Relebactam
Authors: O’Donnell J. Nicholas , Lodise Thomas P.
Published: June 2022

Imipenem (IMI)/cilastatin/relebactam (REL) (I/R) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with expanded microbiologic activity against carbapenem-resistant non-
Morganellaceae Enterobacterales
(CR-NME) and difficult-to-treat (DTR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Relebactam, a bicyclic diazabicyclooctane, has no direct antimicrobial activity but provides reliable inhibition of many Ambler class A and class C enzymes.
Field-Reassortment of Bluetongue Virus Illustrates Plasticity of Virus Associated Phenotypic Traits in the Arthropod Vector and Mammalian Host
In Vivo
Authors: Sanders Christopher , Veronesi Eva , Rajko-Nenow Paulina , Mertens Peter Paul Clement , Batten Carrie , Gubbins Simon , Carpenter Simon , Darpel Karin
Published: June 2022

Reassortment between virus strains can lead to major shifts in the transmission parameters and virulence of segmented RNA viruses, with consequences for spread, persistence, and impact. The ability of these pathogens to adapt rapidly to their environment through this mechanism presents a major challenge in defining the conditions under which emergence can occur.
Cell Fusion May Be Involved in the Homothallic Mating of
Pneumocystis
Species
Authors: Hauser Philippe M. , Almeida Joao M. G. C. F. , Richard Sophie , Meier Caroline S.
Published: June 2022

Pneumocystis
species are obligate fungal biotrophs that colonize the lungs of mammals. They cause deadly pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.
Bacterial Signatures of Cerebral Thrombi in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Liao Yu , Zeng Xiuli , Xie Xiaomei , Liang Dan , Qiao Hongyu , Wang Wence , Guan Min , Huang Shengming , Jing Zhen , Leng Xinyi , Huang Li’an
Published: June 2022

In this study, we (i) checked for the presence of bacteria in cerebral thrombi in over 95% of the LVO stroke patients using 16S rRNA sequencing, in contrast with periprocedural control samples that are bacteria negative; (ii) visualized clusters of bacterial signals in the thrombi using FISH; and (iii) cultivated
Lactobacillus vaginalis
,
Bacillus cereus
, and
Kocuria marina
in the bacterial culture of the tissue fragment solution of thrombus aspirates. We found excessive enrichment of
Proteobacteria
in the thrombi, mainly originating from plasma, as indicated with fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST).
Genome Sequence of Atyrau-5BJN(IL18), a Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus with Knockout of Virulence Genes
Authors: Issabek Aisha U. , Orynbayev Mukhit B. , Sultankulova Kulyaisan T. , Amirgazin Asylulan , Zakarya Kunsulu D. , Omarova Zamira , Chervyakova Olga V.
Published: June 2022

Here, we present the coding sequence of the genome of the recombinant lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) Atyrau-5BJN(IL18), obtained by knocking out four genes in the genome of a virulent field LSDV isolate. Genome sequencing confirmed the deletion of genes and the insertion of a foreign sequence in the viral genome.
Genomic, Metabolic, and Immunological Characterization of GMP-Grade Mycobacterium phlei
Authors: Qiu Tong , Luo Guangping , Jiang Jinfeng , Ding Ping , Li Qintong
Published: June 2022

Heat-inactivated
M. phlei
demonstrates promising efficacy to treat BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients in clinical trials. However, lack of GMP-grade heat-inactivated
M. phlei
hampers further clinical investigations.
Enhanced Transmissibility and Decreased Virulence of HIV-1 CRF07_BC May Explain Its Rapid Expansion in China
Authors: Cheng Zetao , Yan Huanchang , Li Qingmei , Ablan Sherimay D. , Kleinpeter Alex , Freed Eric O. , Wu Hao , Dzakah Emmanuel Enoch , Zhao Jianhui , Han Zhigang , Wang Haiying , Tang Shixing
Published: June 2022

HIV-1 CRF07_BC is one of the most common circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in China. The question is why and how CRF07_BC expanded so rapidly remains unknown.
Dietary Tryptophan-Mediated Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by the Gut Microbiota Alleviates Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice
Authors: Zhao Caijun , Bao Lijuan , Qiu Min , Feng Lianjun , Chen Luotong , Liu Zhuoyu , Duan Shiyu , Zhao Yihong , Wu Keyi , Zhang Naisheng , Hu Xiaoyu , Fu Yunhe
Published: June 2022

Infection-induced endometritis is a common and frequently occurring disease in humans and animals. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of the gut microbiota in the development of infection-induced inflammation.
Synergistic Activity of Repurposed Peptide Drug Glatiramer Acetate with Tobramycin against Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Murphy Ronan A. , Coates Matthew , Thrane Sophia , Sabnis Akshay , Harrison James , Schelenz Silke , Edwards Andrew M. , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Davies Jane C.
Published: June 2022

The antimicrobial resistance crisis urgently requires solutions to the lost efficacy of antibiotics. The repurposing of drugs already in clinical use, with strong safety profiles, as antibiotic adjuvants to restore the efficacy of antibiotics is an important avenue to alleviating the resistance crisis.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Clinical Isolates from Egypt
Authors: Montelongo Cesar , Mores Carine R. , Putonti Catherine , Wolfe Alan J. , Abouelfetouh Alaa
Published: June 2022

Staphylococci are understudied despite their prevalence within the Middle East. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is endemic to hospitals in Egypt, as are other antibiotic-resistant strains of
S. aureus
and
S. haemolyticus
.
Evidence for a lithospheric step and pervasive lithospheric thinning beneath southern New England, northeastern USA
Authors: Goldhagen Gillian B. , Ford Heather A. , Long Maureen D.
Published: June 2022

In this study, we use data from the SEISConn seismic experiment to calculate Sp receiver functions in order to characterize the geometry of upper-mantle structure beneath southern New England (northeastern United States). We image robust negative-velocity-gradient discontinuities beneath southern New England that we interpret as corresponding to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) and identify a well-defined step of 15 km in LAB depth at a longitude of 73°W, which we interpret to be the boundary between Laurentian and Appalachian lithosphere, although the offset may be larger if the putative LAB phase is reinterpreted to be a mid-lithospheric discontinuity. We infer that the lithosphere throughout the region is substantially thinner than elsewhere in the continental interior, consistent with regional tomographic studies and previously published Sp receiver function results. The presence of thinned lithosphere suggests that the low-velocity Northern Appalachian Anomaly (NAA) in the upper mantle may extend as far south as coastal Connecticut. The presence of regionally thinned lithosphere and a step in lithospheric thickness suggests that inherited structure may be preserved in present-day lithosphere, even in the presence of more recent dynamic processes associated with the NAA.
Impact of peripapillary retinoschisis on visual field test results in glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Kim Ji-Ah , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims

To investigate the influence of peripapillary retinoschisis (PRS) on visual field (VF) test results in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

Thirty eyes of 30 patients with POAG who had PRS at least once were included. All eyes were followed-up for a minimum 5 years at 4–6-month intervals. The occurrence of PRS was determined by circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer B-scan on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The global and regional VF deviations just prior to and immediately after PRS formation, or just prior to and immediately after PRS resolution (if it occurred), were compared. VF sensitivity within the region corresponding to the OCT sector where PRS occurred was determined according to the Garway-Heath map.

Results

Global MD (p=0.345) and regional VF deviations (p=0.255) did not differ significantly between immediately after and just prior to PRS formation. Global MD (p=0.846) and regional VF deviations (p=0.758) were also similar between immediately after and just prior to PRS resolution.

Conclusion

PRS has no short-term effect on the VF sensitivity. Therefore, VF test can still be useful for evaluating glaucomatous damage even in the presence of PRS compared with OCT.
Fatty Liver Index is a valid predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pregnancy
Authors: Koralegedara Iresha Sandamali , Warnasekara Janith Niwanthaka , Rathnayake Ashani , Dayaratne Korale Gedara , Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite the evidence for adverse pregnancy outcomes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not routinely addressed in early pregnancy. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) has been proposed as a screening tool for NAFLD in the general population. We aim to develop mathematical models for predicting NAFLD in pregnancy and validate the FLI for first-trimester pregnant women.

Methods

Biochemical and biophysical parameters were analysed in pregnant women with period of gestation <12 weeks was done among Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort, Sri Lanka. Fatty liver was graded as (FLG) 0, I or II by ultrasound scan. Binary logistic regression models were employed to identify the factors predicting FLG-II. Six FLIs were developed to predict FLG-II. Validity of the FLIs was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

The study sample consisted of 632 pregnant women with a mean age of 28.8 years (SD: 5.8 years). Age (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), body mass index (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5) and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.0) were the independent predictors of FLG-II. While the model with liver enzymes provided the best prediction of NAFLD (both FLG I and II) (area under the curve [(AUC]): −0.734), the highest AUC (0.84) for predicting FLG-II was observed with the full model (model with all parameters). The proposed budget model (AUC >0.81) is the best model for screening fatty liver in community health setup.

Conclusion

FLIs could be used as screening tools for NAFLD based on resource availability in different settings. External validation of the FLI and further investigation of the proposed FLI as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes are recommended.
Indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic at two tertiary neonatal units in Zimbabwe and Malawi: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Chimhuya Simbarashe , Neal Samuel R , Chimhini Gwen , Gannon Hannah , Cortina Borja Mario , Crehan Caroline , Nkhoma Deliwe , Chiyaka Tarisai , Wilson Emma , Hull-Bailey Tim , Fitzgerald Felicity , Chiume Msandeni , Heys Michelle
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To examine indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal care in low-income and middle-income countries.

Design

Interrupted time series analysis.

Setting

Two tertiary neonatal units in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lilongwe, Malawi.

Participants

We included a total of 6800 neonates who were admitted to either neonatal unit from 1 June 2019 to 25 September 2020 (Zimbabwe: 3450; Malawi: 3350). We applied no specific exclusion criteria.

Interventions

The first cases of COVID-19 in each country (Zimbabwe: 20 March 2020; Malawi: 3 April 2020).

Primary outcome measures

Changes in the number of admissions, gestational age and birth weight, source of admission referrals, prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy, and overall mortality before and after the first cases of COVID-19.

Results

Admission numbers in Zimbabwe did not initially change after the first case of COVID-19 but fell by 48% during a nurses’ strike (relative risk (RR) 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66, p<0.001). In Malawi, admissions dropped by 42% soon after the first case of COVID-19 (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.70, p<0.001). In Malawi, gestational age and birth weight decreased slightly by around 1 week (beta −1.4, 95% CI −1.62 to −0.65, p<0.001) and 300 g (beta −299.9, 95% CI −412.3 to −187.5, p<0.001) and outside referrals dropped by 28% (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.85, p<0.001). No changes in these outcomes were found in Zimbabwe and no significant changes in the prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy or mortality were found at either site (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The indirect impacts of COVID-19 are context-specific. While our study provides vital evidence to inform health providers and policy-makers, national data are required to ascertain the true impacts of the pandemic on newborn health.
Association between retinal markers and cognition in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Jeevakumar Varshanie , Sefton Rebekah , Chan Joyce , Gopinath Bamini , Liew Gerald , Shah Tejal M , Siette Joyce
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To appraise the existing literature reporting an association between retinal markers and cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years and over and to provide directions for future use of retinal scanning as a potential tool for dementia diagnosis.

Design

Systematic review of peer-reviewed empirical articles investigating the association of retinal markers in assessing cognitive impairment.

Data sources

Three electronic databases, Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched from inception until March 2022.

Eligibility criteria

All empirical articles in English investigating the association between retinal markers and cognition in humans aged ≥65 years using various retinal scanning methodologies were included. Studies with no explicit evaluation of retinal scanning and cognitive outcomes were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction was conducted by two authors (VJ, RS) and reviewed by another author (JS). Results were synthesised and described narratively.

Results

Sixty-seven eligible studies examining 6815 older adults were included. Majority of studies were cross-sectional (n=60; 89.6%). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was the most commonly used retinal scanning methodology to measure the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer, the ganglion cell complex, choroid and macula. 51.1% of cross-sectional studies using OCT reported an association between the thinning of at least one retinal parameter and poor cognition. Longitudinal studies (n=6) using OCT also mostly identified significant reductions in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with cognitive decline. Study quality was overall moderate.

Conclusion

Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness is linked with cognitive performance and therefore may have the potential to detect cognitive impairment in older adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate our synthesis and understand underlying mechanisms before recommending implementation of OCT as a dementia screening tool in clinical practice.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020176757.
Psychosocial determinants of adherence to public health and social measures (PHSMs) in 18 African Union Member States during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Murukutla Nandita , Gupta Ashish K , Maharjan Meena , Fabrizio Cecilia , Myers Emily W , Johnson Andrew , Nkwanzi Virginia , Wilkason Colby A , Lacey Natalie , Tshangela Akhona , Djoudalbaye Benjamin , McClelland Amanda
Published: June 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the psychosocial and sociodemographic factors that affected adherence to COVID-19 public health and social measures (PHSMs), and to identify the factors that most strongly related to whether citizens followed public health guidance.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting and participants

Nationally representative telephone surveys were conducted from 4–17 August 2020 in 18 African Union Member States. A total of 21 600 adults (mean age=32.7 years, SD=11.4) were interviewed (1200 in each country).

Outcome measures

Information including sociodemographics, adherence to PHSMs and psychosocial variables was collected. Logistic regression models examined the association between PHSM adherence (eg, physical distancing, gathering restrictions) and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics (eg, risk perception, trust). Factors affecting adherence were ranked using the Shapley regression decomposition method.

Results

Adherence to PHSMs was high, with better adherence to personal than community PHSMs (65.5% vs 30.2%, p<0.05). Psychosocial measures were significantly associated with personal and community PHSMs (p<0.05). Women and older adults demonstrated better adherence to personal PHSMs (adjusted OR (aOR): women=1.43, age=1.01, p<0.05) and community PHSMs (aOR: women=1.57, age=1.01, p<0.05). Secondary education was associated with better adherence only to personal PHSMs (aOR=1.22, p<0.05). Rural residence and access to running water were associated with better adherence to community PHSMs (aOR=1.12 and 1.18, respectively, p<0.05). The factors that most affected adherence to personal PHSMs were: self-efficacy; trust in hospitals/health centres; knowledge about face masks; trust in the president; and gender. For community PHSMs they were: gender; trust in the president; access to running water; trust in hospitals/health centres; and risk perception.

Conclusions

Psychosocial factors, particularly trust in authorities and institutions, played a critical role in PHSM adherence. Adherence to community PHSMs was lower than personal PHSMs since they can impose significant burdens, particularly on the socially vulnerable.
Validation of a delirium predictive model in patients admitted to surgical intensive care units: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Chaiwat Onuma , Chittawatanarat Kaweesak , Mueankwan Sirirat , Morakul Sunthiti , Dilokpattanamongkol Pitchaya , Thanakiattiwibun Chayanan , Siriussawakul Arunotai
Published: June 2022

Objective

To internally and externally validate a delirium predictive model for adult patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) following surgery.

Design

A prospective, observational, multicentre study.

Setting

Three university-affiliated teaching hospitals in Thailand.

Participants

Adults aged over 18 years were enrolled if they were admitted to a surgical ICU (SICU) and had the surgery within 7 days before SICU admission.

Main outcome measures

Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Thai version of the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. The assessments commenced on the first day after the patient’s operation and continued for 7 days, or until either discharge from the ICU or the death of the patient. Validation was performed of the previously developed delirium predictive model: age+(5×SOFA)+(15×benzodiazepine use)+(20×DM)+(20×mechanical ventilation)+(20×modified IQCODE>3.42).

Results

In all, 380 SICU patients were recruited. Internal validation on 150 patients with the mean age of 75±7.5 years resulted in an area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.76 (0.683 to 0.837). External validation on 230 patients with the mean age of 57±17.3 years resulted in an AUROC of 0.85 (0.789 to 0.906). The AUROC of all validation cohorts was 0.83 (0.785 to 0.872). The optimum cut-off value to discriminate between a high and low probability of postoperative delirium in SICU patients was 115. This cut-off offered the highest value for Youden’s index (0.50), the best AUROC, and the optimum values for sensitivity (78.9%) and specificity (70.9%).

Conclusions

The model developed by the previous study was able to predict the occurrence of postoperative delirium in critically ill surgical patients admitted to SICUs.

Trial registration number

Thai Clinical Trail Registry (TCTR20180105001).
Effects of the maternal and child health handbook and other home-based records on mothers’ non-health outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Carandang Rogie Royce , Sakamoto Jennifer Lisa , Kunieda Mika Kondo , Shibanuma Akira , Yarotskaya Ekaterina , Basargina Milana , Jimba Masamine
Published: June 2022

Objective

This review aimed to investigate the effects of the maternal and child health (MCH) handbook and other home-based records on mothers’ non-health outcomes.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, CENTRAL, NHS EED, HTA, DARE, Ichuushi and J-STAGE through 26 March 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Original research articles examining home-based records and mothers’ non-health outcomes published in English or Japanese across various study designs.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence for each study using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, we conducted a narrative synthesis of their findings.

Results

Of the 4199 articles identified, we included 47 articles (20 in Japanese) in the review. Among the different types of home-based records, only the MCH handbook provided essential information about the mother–child relationship, and its use facilitated the mother–child bonding process. Mothers reported generally feeling satisfied with the use of home-based records; although their satisfaction with health services was influenced by healthcare providers’ level of commitment to using these records. While home-based records positively affected communication within the household, we observed mixed effects on communication between mothers/caregivers and healthcare providers. Barriers to effective communication included a lack of satisfactory explanations regarding the use of home-based records and personalised guidance from healthcare providers. These records were also inconsistently used across different health facilities and professionals.

Conclusions

The MCH handbook fostered the mother–child bond. Mothers were generally satisfied with the use of home-based records, but their engagement depended on how these records were communicated and used by healthcare providers. Additional measures are necessary to ensure the implementation and effective use of home-based records.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020166545.