bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Mice in Rebound‐Thrombocytosis with Platelet‐Hypertransfused Mice for the Assay of Thrombopoietin
Authors: Mcdonald T. P. , Clift Rose , Nolan Chris , Tribby Isle I. E.
Published: August 2010

Rebound‐thrombocytosis and platelet hypertransfusions were compared as methods of preparing assay animals for the measurement of thrombopoietin (TSF). In immunothrombocythaemic mice, the amount of 35S incorporation into the platelet mass after injections of a standard dose of TSF was related to the length of time after rabbit anti‐mouse platelet serum (RAMPS) injection. After 2 platelet transfusions, however, there was no decrease in 35S incorporation values of mice with time after injections of control or TSF‐containing substances. When platelet counts were made 3 days after the last platelet transfusion, the counts decreased with the number of transfusions. Mice in rebound‐thrombocytosis were responsive to TSF as evidenced by higher platelet counts (P < 0.05) and increased 35S incorporation into platelets (P < 0.005), whereas mice made thrombocytotic by platelet transfusions were not. Assuming that increased platelet counts induced by the different techniques affect assay mice only by inhibiting blood cell production by haematopoietic cells, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that sensitivity to TSF depends upon the proliferative state of the megakaryocytic precursor population.
ABSORPTION FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRON TABLETS ‐ CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM IRON INCREASE AND TOTAL ABSORPTION OF IRON
Authors: Ekenved Gunnar
Published: August 2010

The absorption of iron from three different iron tablets ‐ rapidly‐disintegrating ferrous sulphate and ferrous carbonate tablets and slow‐release ferrous sulphate tablets ‐ was studied in healthy subjects with a serum iron technique and by whole‐body counter measurements. A solution of ferrous sulphate was used as a reference. There were no differences in the absorption from the ferrous sulphate preparations, but the ferrous carbonate tablets were less well absorbed. Good correlation was found between the maximal serum iron response and the total absorption of iron and it was concluded that serum iron studies may be used for semiquantitative measurements of iron absorption in comparative studies on different iron preparations.
Oxymetholone Treatment in Aregenerative Anaemia
Authors: Hast R. , Skårberg K. O. , Engstedt L. , Jameson S. , Killander A. , Lundh B. , Reizenstein P. , Udén A. M. , Wadman B.
Published: August 2010

were treated with a standardized high dosage regime of an anabolic steroid (oxymetholone, Anasteron®). 53 patients were included and divided into two groups according to bone marrow cellularity. Furthermore the hypocellular group was subdivided in order to make comparison with earlier studies possible.

In the hypocellular group, the frequency of remission was 56% and the 2‐year‐survival from the onset of symptoms was 75%. This is longer than in some earlier studies, perhaps because of possible differences in etiology andor because of the effect of systematic high dosage, long term androgen therapy. Patient selection was minimized and was not considered to be of major importance.

Patients with hypercellular marrows, on the other hand, responded poorly to androgens. In this group 63% died of acute leukaemia, which confirms earlier suggestions that this form of aregenerative anaemia, frequently is of a prelejukaemic nature.
Haemostatic and Lipid Abnormalities in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Vik‐Mo Harald , Berntsen Harald
Published: August 2010

10 patients with hypothyroidism were examined before and 3 months after initiation of thyroxin treatment. All patients had high levels of plasma total cholesterol and total phospholipids, and 5 had an additional hypertriglyceridaemia. 1 patient had a prolonged primary bleeding time and all had a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and recalcification time in plasma. Platelet factor 3 activity in platelet rich plasma was reduced and total phospholipid and protein concentration in platelets were low. No significant correlation could be established between the observed lipid, protein and haemostatic parameters, and it is suggested that they represent independent phenomena. All abnormalities were corrected by thyroxin replacement.
μ‐Chain Disease in a Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Malignant Histiocytoma
Authors: Axelsen N. H. , Harboe M. , Jønsson V. , Videbæk AA.
Published: August 2010

Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum from the eleventh case of μ‐chain disease (μ‐CD) showed two distinct abnormal bands due to free light chains and k‐complexes with other serum proteins. This caused diagnostic difficulties on conventional immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel is demonstrated as a superior tool for investigation of μ‐CD. A simple rocket Immunoelectrophoresis method for μ‐CD screening is also shown. The μ‐CD protein had α‐2‐mobility and a part of the protein carried k‐determinants probably due to secondary binding. Preparative ultracentrifugation and size chromatography on serum demonstrated that the μ‐CD protein was present in serum in several sizes, the smallest being a dimer of μ‐chains. Due to scarcity of material the abnormal protein could not be characterized further.
Surface Charge of Erythrocytes in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Authors: ROTHWELL DAVID J. , HAUSE LAWRENCE L. , KOETHE SUSAN , STRAUMFJORD Jon V.
Published: August 2010

The electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes from 3 patients with PNH was measured by standard techniques. Erythrocyte mobility is a measure of the net negative surface charge of these cells. In each of the 3 patients studied the mobility was significantly increased over normal cells indicating that there is an increase in negative surface charge on PNH erythrocytes. Following the Ham's and sucrose lysis tests, surviving cells showed mean mobilities that were not statistically different from normal cells. This suggests that these cells with higher surface charge are vulnerable to complement lysis.
Red Cell Organic Phosphates during Administration of Salicylates
Authors: MONTI M. , BUCUR I.
Published: August 2010

The effect of salicylates on erythrocyte 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was studied in vivo in 3 groups of healthy subjects receiving acetylsalicylic acid (18 persons), sodium salicylate (5 persons) and salicylamide (7 persons) in therapeutic dosage.

No effect was found on 2,3‐DPG in any of the 3 groups. ATP was significantly decreased (p <0.05) when acetylsalicylic acid or sodium salicylate was given.
The Measurement of 59Fe Clearance from the Plasma
Authors: CAVILL I. , RICKETTS C. , NAPIER J. A. F. , JACOBS A. , TREVETT D. , BISHOP R. D.
Published: August 2010

The measurement of 59Fe clearance from the plasma is a well established means of investigating erythropoiesis. The effect of variation in plasma iron concentration, contamination by 59Fe not bound to transferrin and 59Fe counting accuracy on the 59Fe clearance curve are described. A valid analysis of the clearance curve cannot be made unless these errors are eliminated. A technique is presented which allows the clearance of [59Fe] transferrin to be studied free of extraneous influences.
Autopsy Findings in Leukaemia
Authors: CHI C. H. , LAGERLÖF B. , LANTZ B. , REIZENSTEIN P.
Published: August 2010

Out of 38 leukaemic cases only 16 had extensive leukaemic infiltration at death. 15 patients had slight or moderate and 7 no infiltration at all. 12 of the 15, and 5 of the 7 died with septicaemia. The latter patients must have died of complications rather than of the leukaemia itself.

Although it has been possible to reduce the incidence of septicaemia during life, terminal septicaemia does not yet seem to be preventable. Septicaemia was revealed at autopsy in 27 of 38 patients; 25 of these also had clinical signs of septicaemia before death. Necrotizing gastrointestinal lesions may cause endogenous infection. In the present material, almost every second patient had fungal septicaemia. Out of 7 patients having oral candidiasis in vivo 5 had systemic candidiasis at autopsy, but only half of the patients with systemic candidiasis had visible oral growth.

Modern treatment of leukaemia seems to be able to prevent intracranial haemorrhage in 90% of the cases.

On the other hand, vacuolization of muscle and liver tissue was a frequent finding in leukaemia. It is suggested as being caused by fatty degeneration. Vacuolization of myocardial cells was found in 7 out of 13 cases. Among these 7, 4 had had intermittent hypokalaemia.
Heparin Cofactor Activity and Antithrombin III Concentration in Plasma Related to Age and Sex
Authors: ØDEGÅRD OLE RASMUS , FAGERHOL MAGNE K. , LIE METTE
Published: August 2010

Heparin cofactor activity and antithrombin III (At‐III) concentration were measured in plasma from 219 healthy men and 177 women. Narrow ranges for heparin cofactor activity and At‐III concentration were found. The standard deviation for heparin cofactor activity in men and women was 8.6 and 10.1, respectively, for At‐III concentration 10.4 and 12.5

In men, mean heparin cofactor activity and mean At‐III concentration decreased significantly with increasing age.

In women, mean heparin cofactor activity and mean At‐III concentration tended to be lower in fertile age.

Hereditary At‐III deficiency was detected in one individual.
Erythropoiesis Inhibiting Factor(s) (EIF)
Authors: LINDEMANN ROLF , LAERUM OLE DIDRIK
Published: August 2010

The specificity and toxicity of the urinary erythropoiesis inhibiting factor (EIF) has been tested both in vivo and in vitro. When EIF was given to ESF stimulated erythropoietically suppressed polycythaemic mice and to mice at maximal endogenous erythropoietic stimulation, a reduction of the erythroid bone marrow cells, the erythropoietic 3H‐TdR L.I. and the total number of bone marrow cells were observed. No effect was seen on the myelopoietic bone marrow cells. An unspecific toxic effect was unlikely, since addition of EIF did not alter the proliferation of lymphoblastic cells nor change the glucose utilization of bone marrow cells in vitro. Neither did the amount of dead bone marrow cells increase after being incubated with EIF for 72 h. The results indicate that the urinary EIF is a non‐toxic, cell specific inhibitor on erythropoiesis.
Membrane Bound IgG on Erythroblasts in Pure Red Cell Aplasia following Thymectomy
Authors: Björkholm M. , Holm G. , Mellstedt H. , Carlberger G. , Nisell J.
Published: August 2010

A case of pure red cell aplasia appearing 6 months following thymectomy is reported in a 43‐year‐old man. Immunofluorescence studies of the patient's bone marrow have demonstrated the presence of membrane‐bound IgG on the majority of erythroblasts and some mature erythrocytes. It is suggested that the IgG represents anti‐erythroid autoantibodies. The number of Ig‐bearing lymphocytes in peripheral blood was decreased as was the level of immunoglobulins indicating a B‐lymphocyte deficiency. T‐lymphocyte functions were without remarks. The patient was initially treated with corticosteroids and oxymetholone. He responded well to this therapy but relapsed 9 month later. Cyclophosphamide treatment was started and followed by a complete haematologic remission.
Interaction between Normal and Leukaemic Human Cells in Agar Culture
Authors: Knudtzon Søren , Mortensen Børge Thing
Published: August 2010

The influence of leukaemie cells from 12 patients with acute leukaemia on normal granulopoiesis in agar culture was investigated using leukeamic cell feeder layers. Leukaemie feeder cells from 7 of the 12 patients elicited no colony growth, while cells from the remaining 5 stimulated normal colony growth. In 3 of the 7 non‐stimulatory patients release of inhibitory factors from the leukaemie cells seemed responsible for the effect on normal granulopoiesis, while inappropriate colony stimulating factor (CSF) production by the feeder cells could not be ruled out in the remaining 4 patients.

When the leukaemic cells were cultured with, as well as without, conditioned medium, cells from 5 of the patients formed clusters. Growth in these cultures did not correlate to the effect found in the feeder layer experiments.
Atypical Intraerythrocytic Pyruvate Kinase in some Haematological Diseases
Authors: Hanel H. K. , Philip P.
Published: August 2010

An atypical pyruvate kinase (PK) in erythrocytes was studied in a family with several different haematological diseases: non‐spherocytic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and polycythaemic traits.

Atypical intraerythrocytic PK was also found in a group of non‐related patients with myelofibrosis and polycythaemia vera.

The atypical PK was characterised by abnormal urea inhibition and other relevant biochemical parameters.
Preparation of Concentrated Platelet Suspensions by Dehydration against Polyethyleneglycol 20,000
Authors: Akkerman J. W. N. , Gorter G. , Wester J. , Sixma J. J.
Published: August 2010

Gel filtered platelet suspensions were concentrated by repeated dehydration against polyethyleneglycol 20,000 followed by dialysis against slightly hypotonic buffer. This method increased the platelet concentration 2–3 times with a recovery of 80–100%. The final cell suspension closely resembled the original platelet rich plasma as tested by a number of platelet tests.
Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia Presenting in Blastic Transformation: Two Cases Primarily Diagnosed as Acute Myelocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Worm Anne‐Marie , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Jens
Published: August 2010

The interval from diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) to onset of blastic transformation (BT) can vary from days to several years. This blastic phase of CML is indistinguishable from acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML), both clinically and morphologically. The Ph1 chromosome has occasionally been demonstrated in acute leukaemia and it has been suggested that these cases may represent CML presenting in BT. 2 such patients are reported, in 1 of whom the characteristics after treatment further confirmed the diagnosis of CML. Differentiation between CML presenting in BT and AML has both prognostic and therapeutic value. For this reason it is recommended that cytogenetic screening for the Ph1 chromosome should be included in the initial examination of patients with acute leukaemia.
Teratological, Peri‐ and Postnatal Studies on Ferastral®, an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex
Authors: FLODH H. , MAGNUSSON G. , MALMFORS T.
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a review of the teratological and peri‐ and postnatal studies performed in rats and rabbits on Ferastral®, an iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex. The test compound was given intramuscularly in doses varying from 1 to 100 mg Fe3+/kg. In the teratological studies the compound was given daily during the whole or part of the period of organogenesis, and in the peri‐ and postnatal study in rats from day 16 of pregnancy through lactation to 21 days post partum. In a separate study the effects of Ferastral® on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied in pregnant rats treated with 50 mg Fe3+/kg. Jectofer® (iron‐sorbitol) and Imferon® (iron‐dextran) were used as reference compounds in some of the studies.

Pregnant rats reacted in a totally different way compared to pregnant rabbits when treated with high doses of Ferastral. Pregnant rats, but not rabbits, developed focal necrosis in the liver, placenta and spleen. These changes were dose‐dependent and not observed with lower doses (1, 4 and 16 mg Fe3+/kg). Similar pathological alterations were also seen after treatment with Jectofer, but not with Imferon. The pathological changes, being similar to those seen after elicitation of a generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR), were not interpreted as an expression of such a reaction. The most common features of the GSR, bilateral cortical necrosis, capillary thrombi, and changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, were not observed in the pregnant rats.

The maternal toxicity was accompanied by secondary effects on the foetuses manifested in reduced maturation of the foetal skeleton. Treatment with Ferastral in doses not inducing maternal toxicity did not adversely affect litter size, foetal loss, litter weight or embryonic or foetal development in either rats or rabbits.
Does sarcoma occur in man after intramuscular iron?
Authors: FIELDING J.
Published: August 2010

Several factors influence the induction of sarcomas at the site of iron carbohydrate complex injection in high dosage, in animals. 1. Species specificity: tumours have been induced in rats, mice and hamsters but not in guinea pigs or dogs; 2. dose‐response: a threshold dose may be defined and the yield of tumours increases with the dose; 3. the amount of residual iron at the injection site: the effect is a local oncogenesis; 4. the latent period relative to life span in the species: the probable latent period in man has been estimated to be 15–20 years.

Since iron‐dextran was introduced 22 years ago, nine malignancies in man allegedly related to iron‐complex injection have been described in five reports during the period 1960—1977. A critical review of the information available on these cases suggests that in one case only is the data sufficiently strong to support the probability of iron‐dextran induced sarcoma in man. Soft tissue tumours of the buttock are not rare: on the basis of this single case a causal relationship in man cannot yet be made.
Patterns of Plasma Iron Fractions after Intramuscular Ferastral®
Authors: FIELDING JACK , DONEY VALERIE J. , SPEYER BARBARA E.
Published: August 2010

The distribution of plasma iron fractions after intramuscular Ferastral is described for times up to eight days after injection.

Transferrin‐bound iron reaches a peak value in 4—8 hours and falls towards normal values while circulating iron‐complex concentration remains high. The peak concentration of iron‐complex occurs 8—24 hours after injection, and is virtually cleared from the circulation in 6—8 days. An approximate T1/2 of 30 hours for plasma Ferastral is deduced from the rate of fall from peak values. UIBC values fell as transferrin‐bound iron increased, but did not reach zero in any subject studied.
Studies on an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex for Parenteral Use in Man
Authors: Andersson Nils S. E. , Grafford Kerstin
Published: August 2010

A comparative study of a new iron carbohydrate complex, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®) and iron‐sorbitol (Jectofer®) has been performed. In all, 31 patients with iron deficiency anaemia have been treated, 23 with Ferastral and 8 with iron‐sorbitol. The total doses of Ferastral have been 1 000 mg to 2 000 mg of iron given at weekly intervals in single doses of 500 mg. Iron‐sorbitol was given daily in a dose of 100 mg of iron up to a total dose of 1 300 mg. After single doses of 500 mg of Ferastral, levels of iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) in serum were estimated. The iron concentration in serum reached a maximum level 24 to 48 hours after the injection. After that a continuous decrease was observed, but after seven days still higher levels than before treatment were seen. A decrease in the UIBC was observed, and 24 to 48 hours after the injection about half of the initial capacity still remained. After further 3 to 4 days the initial value of UIBC was obtained. The renal excretion of iron varied between 7% and 25% in the patients treated with Ferastral in single doses of 500 mg of iron. The haemoglobin response was of the same magnitude for Ferastral and iron sorbitol. After two weeks the mean increase was 1.6 g/100 ml for both preparations and after four weeks 3.1 g/100 ml for Ferastral and 2.6 g/100 ml for iron‐sorbitol. No effects on liver and kidney functions during treatment with Ferastral, and no changes were observed in serum electrolytes or ECG. No general side effects were observed in the patients treated with Ferastral. In five patients discolouration at the site of injection was observed. One patient experienced an intensive pain in one buttock, which persisted for 12 hours. No pain was felt in the other buttock in which iron was injected at the same time. In the patients treated with iron‐sorbitol, local discomfort was relatively common.
The Peripheral Blood in Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Spiers A. S. D. , Bain Barbara J. , Turner Jean E.
Published: August 2010

The haematological findings in the peripheral blood of 50 patients in whom the diagnosis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) had been made in the haematology laboratory, and who were subsequently shown to be Philadelphia‐chromosome‐positive, have been reveiwed. The differential leucocyte counts were performed by 3 observers, examining a total of 1,500 cells in each patient. The degree of anaemia at diagnosis was unrelated to sex and correlated poorly with leucocyte count; thrombocytopenia seemed unrelated to leucocytosis. A differential leucocyte count which included a complete spectrum of granulocytic cells, with prominent peaks in the percentages of myelocytes and neutrophils, was an invariable finding. Absolute basophilia occurred in all patients and absolute eosinophilia in 92%. In 54% of the patients there was an absolute lymphocytosis. Unlike the finding in normal subjects, there was no linear relationship between the numbers of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. Application of these findings should improve the accuracy of the haematological diagnosis of CGL, while study of the rare cases which possess the above features but are Ph1‐negative may throw further light on the role of the Philadelphia chromosome in the natural history of CGL.
A Modified Technique for Combination of Cytochemistry and Radioautography of Haemic Cells
Authors: Benestad H. B.
Published: August 2010

Cultured mouse bone marrow and human blood cells were labelled with 3H‐thymidine, smeared, and stained, using peroxydase reagents or the May‐Grünwald Giemsa procedure. The slides were dipped in a ˜ 12% solution of polyvinylchloride, bleached by a photographic fixer and processed for liquid emulsion radioautography. This method yielded technically very satisfactory radioautographs of pre‐stained smears.
Semiquantitative Determination of Fc and C3 Receptors on Human Lymphocytes by Isotope‐Labelled Marker Cells
Authors: Jønsson Viggo , Christensen Bjarne Egelund
Published: August 2010

The number of Fc and C3 receptors on normal B lymphocytes, isolated from blood, was assessed semiquantitatively by a new method in which the marker cells (pre‐treated sheep erythrocytes) for Fc and C3 receptors are labelled by 99Tc and 51Cr respectively. The mean number of bound marker cells per rosette was assessed simultaneously by measurements of radioactivity.

Control studies showed that a measuring system using 1/4 agglutinating titre of antibody on the marker cells is particularly advantageous: (1) Fc and C3 receptors are not demonstrable on T lymphocytes; thus, B lymphocyte fractions with Fc and/or C3 receptors are well‐defined. (2) The binding affinity of the marker cells for normal lymphocytes is so weak that the number of bound marker cells per rosette rarely reaches the maximum which was calculated and measured as about 30 marker cells per rosette; thus, the measuring system is sensitive to changes in the number of receptors. (3) By binding of marker cells to lymphocytes bearing Fc as well as C3 receptors it has been demonstrated that interference phenomena between the two marker cells are not operative.

Studies of blood lymphocytes from normal human subjects showed B lymphocytes carrying either Fc or C3 receptors as well as a fraction of B lymphocytes having both Fc and C3 receptors. The latter make up about 6 % of the lymphocyte mass. Comparative assessment of the quantitative distribution of these receptors indicates a developmental sequence, B lymphocyte with Fc receptors evidently developing, via B lymphocytes with Fc as well as C3 receptors, into B lymphocytes having C3 receptors only.
The Procoagulant Activity of Adipose Tissue
Authors: Giercksky Karl‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Homogenates of several rat and human adipose tissues contain procoagulant activity mainly due to the presence of tissue thromboplastin. Intravenous injections in rats of the active fraction from such homogenates cause the accumulation of 51Cr‐labelled platelets and 125I‐labelled fibrin in the lungs. The effect of phospholipase C and of specific antibodies against tissue thromboplastin on this procoagulant activity of adipose tissue has been studied in vitro and in vivo.
Factors Influencing Neutrophil Retention on Glass Bead Columns
Authors: Schneier J. , Gall J. A. , Carpe A. I. , Boggs D. R.
Published: August 2010

These studies were undertaken in an attempt to relate changes in neutrophil adhesion as measured in vitro in whole blood to neutrophil kinetic changes occurring in normal subjects in response to various stimuli. A variety of technics for measuring neutrophil adhesion in vitro were studied. The most reproducible technic proved to be a modification of that originally described by Kvarstein (1969) in which whole blood is pumped at a fixed rate through a fixed weight of glass beads in a column. Using this technic, there was significant variation from one to another subject, but the mean of differences between duplicates from the same subject differed only by a mean of 3–4 %. Further indirect evidence that microtubule function may play a significant role in neutrophil adhesion was obtained. Vincristine, a chemical known to interfere with microtubule function, proved to reduce neutrophil adhesion while heavy water, a substance known to stabilize microtubules, increased neutrophil adherence. In confirmation of the work of others, adrenal glucocorticosteroids were found to have no effect when incubated in vitro with whole blood, but when neutrophils were taken from normal subjects who had been treated with steroids 4 h before, there was a distinct decrease in neutrophil adherence. Bacterial endotoxin incubated with whole blood in vitro had no effect at small doses, but at large in vitro doses produced an increase in adhesion. Conversely, when neutrophils were obtained from normal subjects treated with bacterial endotoxin a decrease in neutrophil adherence was observed. This latter effect, decrease in neutrophil adhesion in subjects treated with bacterial endotoxin, seems unlikely to be associated with any in vivo kinetic changes known to be produced by bacterial endotoxin. Consequently, we would wonder if the decreased neutrophil adhesion observed after both steroids and endotoxin does not simply reflect a decreased adherence of cells freshly released from the bone marrow to the blood as compared to those which have been in the blood for some time.
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with the Philadelphia Chromosome
Authors: Gustavsson Anita , Mitelman Felix , Olsson Inge
Published: August 2010

A case report of serial chromosome studies on a 26‐year‐old male with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is presented. The classic Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) transloca‐tion, t (9; 22) was found in 77 % of the metaphases at diagnosis and in 100 % in relapse; during a 3‐month remission period the cytogenetic picture was normal or the Ph1 was present in a minor cell population only. The clinical and morphologic features of this case indicated that it was really a case of AML and less likely chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) presenting in blast crisis. It is suggested that the oncogen producing the 9; 22‐translocation and CML may also induce AML in rare instances.
Liver dysfunction in patients with Hemophilia
Authors: Hilgartner Margaret W. , Giardina Patricia
Published: August 2010

The incidence of post‐transfusion hepatitis and liver dysfunction is presented in fifty‐four patients with classical hemophilia who received episodic and/or prophylactic Factor VIII concentrate. 42.5 % had persistent biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction with elevated SGOT and SGPT; 3.8 % have persistent (HB8) antigenicity and 90 % have (HBsAb) antibodies. The results are the same for those who were treated episodically and received an average of 753 units Factor VIII per week as those treated prophylactically who received an average of 686 Factor VIII units per week. The incidence of clinical and/or subclinical disease is unaffected by the transfusion regimen or the amount of concentrate used. The necessity for close follow is emphasized for determination of chronic liver disease and its further therapy.
Projected estimation of factor VIII requirements for home treatment based on a pilot study of two haemophilic patients
Authors: Davies S. H.
Published: August 2010

An extensive programme of home administration of factor VIII replacement therapy has been proposed for the haemophiliacs of the Edinburgh Area following the successful training of self‐administration therapy in the Haemophilia Centre. A study of 1 moderate and 1 severe haemophiliac, whose factor VIII requirements for the year 1974 were compared with factor VIII usage for “on demand” out‐patient therapy at the Centre in 1973, showed these quantities to be 14,380 as compared with 18,100 factor VIII units in the first patient and 46,380 as compared with 38,725 factor VIII units in the severely affected patient. From these figures, and, knowing that the average number of factor VIII units used per patient per years was 8,116 for the moderate and 11,592 for the severe haemophiliacs, it has been calculated that home treatment would require 6,000–10,000 factor VIII units per patient per year for those moderately affected and 9,000–14,000 factor VIII units per patient per year for the latter class. The advantages and hazards of home treatment are discussed and evaluated in the light of the two patients studied and the self‐administration programme of therapy at present in operation.
Long‐Term Use of Phenytoin: Effects on Whole Blood and Red Cell Folate and Haematological Parameters
Authors: Weber Theodor H. , Knuutila Sakari , Tammisto Paavo , Tontti Kaija
Published: August 2010

Patients treated with phenytoin for periods of several months or years have slightly, but significantly, lower whole blood and red cell folate values than comparable controls. This holds true irrespective of whether folate is determined microbiologically with Lactobacillus casei or by a radioligand method using the bovine milk binder. Haematological parameters including Hb, MCH, MCV and red blood cell counts did not show any alterations and no patient developed any signs of anaemia. This indicates that long‐term use of phenytoin does not cause a clinically significant state of folate deficiency, unless some other contributing factors are present.
Antifactor Xa Activity in Thrombophilia Studies in a Family with At‐III Deficiency
Authors: ØDegård Ole Rasmus , Abildgaard Ulrich
Published: August 2010

Antithrombin III (At‐III) concentration and amidolytic assays reflecting functions of the At‐III molecule were studied in members of a family with a strong tendency to thrombosis. Antifactor Xa and heparin cofactor activity closely paralleled the At‐III concentration. In all individuals with a history of thrombosis At‐III concentration was about 50% of normal. The clinical features and causes of death are briefly reviewed. Mean age in deceased family members with a tendency to thrombosis was 55 years, in members with no history of thrombosis it was 65 years.
Increased Potassium Permeability by Calcium in Hypochromic Red Blood Cells
Authors: Vettore Luciano , Matteis Maria Concetta De , Falezza Gian Carlo
Published: August 2010

The red blood cell (RBC) content of Na+ and K+ were measured both on fresh cells from normal, heterozygous β‐thalassaemic and iron‐deficiency‐anaemic subjects, and on the same cells incubated for 24 h, at 37° C, either in presence or in absence of Calcium (Ca2+).

Ca2+ did not increase membrane permeability to Na+, but increased the K+ loss, both from normal cells and to a greater degree much more from hypochromic cells.

Glucose largely prevented the K+ loss from hypochromic cells incubated either in absence or in presence of Ca2+, probably maintaining an adequate level of ATP during the incubation.

EDTA only partially decreased the permeability to K+ in hypochromic cells incubated for 24 h at 37° C, possibly removing Ca2+ bound to the cell membrane.

The results suggest that Ca2+ does not represent the primary cause of K+ leak in hypochromic cells, but it is able to enhance a pre‐existing peculiar abnormality of the cell membrane when the ATP level slows down.
Vitamin B12 Metabolism in Myelomatosis
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Drivsholm Aage , Hippe Erik
Published: August 2010

In 38 patients with myelomatosis the serum cobalamin varied from 34 pmol/l to 404 pmol/l, median 181.5 pmol/l, which is significantly lower than the levels in 22 control persons with range 173–535 pmol/l, median 265 pmol/l. In spite of low serum cobalamin no symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency could be demonstrated in any of the patients, except for the one patient who had a serum cobalamin of 34 pmol/l. Mean values for Hb, MCV, PCV, serum lactate‐dehydrogenase, adjusted red cell folate and nucleated neutrophil count were similar in a group of patients with a serum cobalamin below 160 pmol/l and a group of patients with higher serum cobalamin values. The decrease in serum cobalamin is due in part to a reduction in the major cobalamin binder (TC‐I) in serum. Measuring serum cobalamin in relationship to gastric acid secretion, we found a significantly higher frequency of hypo‐ and achlorhydria in patients with serum cobalamin below 160 pmol/l although the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 was normal by a Schilling test. Although our finding of low saturation of TC‐I in serum seems to demonstrate decreased vitamin B12 content in the body in myelomatosis, the lack of evidence for a functional vitamin B12 deficiency speaks against giving a supplement to patients with myelomatosis.
Hypoimmunoglobulinaemia and Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Mir M. A. , Geary C. G. , Delamore I. W.
Published: August 2010

Serum immunoglobulin levels were estimated in 19 patients with aplastic anaemia. Although the mean levels for IgG, IgA and IgM for the group as a whole were within the normal range, 8 individual cases showed low levels of one or more immunoglobulin class, suggesting a disturbance in immunoglobulin production. One of these patients had a thymoma, and another positive tests for anti‐nuclear factor, but there was no evidence of auto‐immune disease in the others. It is suggested that ‘aplastic anaemia’ may sometimes be a disease due to injury of a stem cell subserving both haemopoietic and immunological function.
Surface Features of Sezary Cells: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of 5 Cases
Authors: Polliack Aaron , Djaldetti Meir , Reyes Felix , Biberfeld Peter , Daniel Marie Therese , Flandrin George
Published: August 2010

The surface features of circulating cells from 5 patients with typical Sezary's Syndrome (SS) are described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sezary cells prepared by different methods, with and without prior fixation in cell suspension, showed similar surface architectures. SS cells were mostly spherical and moderate to markedly villous in appearance, and in this respect, resembled the majority of circulating lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). A proportion of cells were larger and more irregular in shape while others had small extensions of cytoplasm resembling small uropods with clusters of polarised microvilli. Despite the latter findings, most SS cells cannot be distinguished from CLL cells on the basis of their surface architecture under the SEM.
The Effect of Phospholipase C on Rat Blood Platelets in Vivo
Authors: Giercksky Karl‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Rat blood platelets were treated with phospholipase C in vitro or phospholipase C was injected i.v. to rats. In both cases its effect on the functions of the platelets in vivo has been studied. No change was found in primary bleeding time or in platelet survival. Treatment with phospholipase C gave a moderate reduction of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation in the pulmonary circulation whereas the aggregation induced by thrombin was unchanged.

I.v. injection of phospholipase C caused a rapid, very moderate and transient increase of 51Cr‐activity in the lungs without concomitant overt respiratory distress. A moderate increase in 51Cr‐activity was noted in liver and kidney 24 and 48 h after injection of phospholipase C. This may be caused by a slightly increased leakage of 51Cr‐labelled material from the platelets during exposure to phospholipase C.
Extracorporeal Perfusion Treatment with Immobilized L‐Asparaginase
Authors: Lange Stefan , Hydén Holger
Published: August 2010

2 female patients with malignant melanoma were treated with L‐asparaginase immobilized in an extra‐corporeal perfusion chamber constructed by Hydén et al. The patients were treated for 80 h during 26 d and for 99 h during 36 d, respectively. L‐asparaginase was immobilized by covalent bonds on the surfaces of the chamber. Perfusion resulted in an effective decrease down to < 7 mmol/1 serum of the asparagine content. The patients withstood the treatments well without any signs of allergic reactions. Antibodies against L‐asparaginase were not found. Analyses were continuously performed during the treatment with respect to electrolytes, enzymes and immunoglobulins. No abnormal variations could be found.
Sickle‐Cell Anaemia in Turkey Evaluation of 97 Cases (with Parents' Findings)
Authors: ÖZSOYLU ŞINASI , ALTINÖZd NECDET
Published: August 2010

The haematological and clinical data in 97 sickle‐cell anaemia cases and haemato‐logical findings of their parents are reported. In spite of the low Hb values of the patients, they tolerated their anaemia and very rarely required blood transfusions. The Hb F levels of the patients were in general higher than African origin SS anaemia patients but lower than the Shiite Saudi Arabians. However, in most of the cases the concentration of Hb F did not seem to influence the Hb concentration of the patients. Serum iron was found unexpectedly decreased in 22 % of the patients. Osmotic fragility was found decreased in 100 % of the patients and in 83.5 % of the parents.

The prevalence of G‐6‐PD deficiency was 21.2 % in male patients and 15.6 % in the parents.
Megathrombocytopenia Associated with Glomerulonephritis, Deafness and Aortic Cystic Medianecrosis
Authors: Hansen Mogens Sandbjerg , Behnke O. , Pedersen N. Tinggaard , Videbæk Aage
Published: August 2010

Macrothrombocytopenia associated with glomerulonephritis and deafness has only been reported in a few patients since it was first described in 1972. We present a patient with macrothrombocytopenia, glomerulonephritis, progressive uraemia and progressive sensorineural deafness associated with cystic medianecrosis of the ascending aorta and malformation of the aortic valves. The patient had consistently low platelet counts but no clinical signs of a defect haemostasis. The giant platelets were characterized by their size, averaging 11 μm in diameter, elaborate maze‐like membrane formations, abundance of microtubules, and the total absence of very dense granules.
Morphological and Immunological Similarity of the Monocytes from Pure and Mixed Monocytic Leukaemias
Authors: Cawley John C. , Burns Gordon F. , Worman Colin P. , Flemans Roger J. , Sibbald Robert , Barker Christopher R. , Roberts Bryon E.
Published: August 2010

Morphological and immunological marker data on a patient with ‘pure’ monocytic leukaemia are presented and compared with those of 6 cases of clearly mixed myelo‐monocytic leukaemia with a variable monocytic component. In all patients studied, the leukaemic monocytes expressed a receptor for the Fc of IgG, and IgG sensitization markedly enhanced phagocytosis of ox erythrocytes. A variable, but lower, percentage of the leukaemic monocytes had a receptor for mouse C3, but the cells uniformly lacked surface immunoglobulin and receptors for the Fc of IgM and for unsensitised mouse erythrocytes. Cytochemical and ultrastructural study also showed no clear difference between the monocytes of the ‘pure’ and mixed monocytic leukaemias. This report therefore lends no support to the concept of distinct types of monocytic leukaemia.
Pre‐Morbid Factors in Hodgkin's Disease I. Birth Weight and Growth Pattern from 8 to 14 Years of Age
Authors: Isager Henrik , Andersen Erik
Published: August 2010

The risk of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in young adults is correlated to height. This association indicates an etiologic factor acting during growth.

Our aim was to evaluate the importance of growth pattern as a risk factor in HD. The register of records from the school health service of the Copenhagen Council was scrutinized in order to find Danes with HD born between 1930 and 1950. Whenever possible, three matched controls (comparable in respect to socio‐economic status) were selected from the register for each case. The material consisted of 63 cases and 183 controls. Information regarding height, weight and birth weight was obtained from the school health records.

The patients were taller than controls at 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of age. The birth weight was available in 33 cases and 99 controls, and was higher in the former (median 3.50 kg) than in the latter (median 3.30 kg) (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest the existence of either a risk factor associated with rapid growth or a protective factor connected with slower growth, effective even before birth.
Pseudo‐Chediak‐Higashi Anomaly in Promyelocytic Leukaemia Associated with Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Toolis Francis , Calverley Peter , Parker Alistair C.
Published: August 2010

Giant granules were present in the cytoplasm of marrow granulocytes and in abnormal immature leucocytes circulating in the blood of a patient with promyelocytic leukaemia associated with intravascular coagulation. These granules resembled those seen in Chediak‐Higashi syndrome.
Waldenström's Macroglobulinaemia with Ig E M‐Component
Authors: Shirakura T. , Takekoshi K. , Umi M. , Kanazawa K. , Okabe H. , Inoue T. , Imamura Y.
Published: August 2010

A case of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia with Ig E M‐component was presented. A 76‐year‐old Japanese woman had a history of the operation for mammary carcinoma. Although neither lymphadenopathy nor hepatosplenomegaly was present, the immunohaematological findings typical for Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia were observed in this patient. Coexistence of the Ig M and Ig E M‐components was recognized in the patient's serum protein. Positive reaction for FITC‐conjugated anti‐e or rhodamine‐conjugated anti‐μ was noted in proliferating lymphoplasmacytic cells of the patient's bone marrow, but these reactions were not simultaneously observed in a single cell. The finding suggests that two separate populations of M‐component‐pro‐ducing cells were present.
Growth of Human Marrow in Plasma Clot Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Preisler Harvey D. , Fliedner Vladimir Von , Shoham Davidia
Published: August 2010

Unseparated as well as nonadherent human bone marrow cells produced colonies while suspended within plasma clots contained within diffusion chambers implanted into irradiated mice. The majority of colonies consisted of granulocytes or macro‐phages. Colony size was significantly increased by the administration of endotoxin prior to implantation of the chambers.
The Peripheral Platelet Count in Response to Adrenergic Alpha‐ and Beta‐1‐Receptor Stimulation
Authors: Fredén Krister , Lundborg Per , Vilén Lars , Kutti Jack
Published: August 2010

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of adrenergic alpha‐ and beta‐1‐receptor stimulation on the peripheral platelet count. The experiments were carried out on 8 healthy male volunteers using radioisotopically labelled platelets. 3 subjects received i.v. infusions of adrenaline (0.09 μg × kg‐1 × min‐1) before and after the ingestion of 40 mg propranolol. In response to the first infusion there was an instant increase in the venous platelet‐bound radioactivity (PBR) which amounted to 12 % over basal value. This effect of adrenaline seemed to be potentiated by propranolol pretreatment. 5 subjects received i.v. infusions of the highly selective beta‐1‐receptor agonist H 133/22 (prenalterol, Hässle, Sweden). In response to a cumulative dose of 4.75 mg prenalterol a slight but significant (P <0.05) decrease in PBR occurred.

It is concluded that alpha‐receptor stimulation causes a depletion of platelets from the exchangeable splenic platelet pool resulting in a concomitant increase in the peripheral platelet count. Beta‐receptor stimulation has an opposite effect on the spleen. The trapping of platelets by the spleen is mediated both via beta‐1‐ and beta‐2‐receptors, but the effect of beta‐2‐receptor stimulation seems to predominate.
CLL and Diffuse Histiocytic Lymphoma in One Patient: Clonal Proliferation of Two Different B Cells
Authors: Splinter T. A. W. , Noorloos A. Bom‐van , van Heerde P.
Published: August 2010

A case report is presented of a 77‐year‐old woman suffering from a composite lymphoma, known as Richter's Syndrome, consisting of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Light‐microscopic investigation revealed the presence of CLL cells in the blood and bone marrow and a combination of CLL cells and large immunoblastic cells in the lymph node. Immunological investigation showed that both malignant cell types were B cells. The CLL cells carried a monoclonal surface immunoglobulin (S‐Ig) μΛ, and the immunoblastic cells had a monoclonal S‐Ig μk.

These findings indicated that both clonal lymphoproliferative diseases were probably derived from different tumour stem cells.
Iron Stores in Blood Donors Evaluated by Serum Ferritin
Authors: Pedersen N. Strandberg , Morling N.
Published: August 2010

Male and female blood donors were grouped according to their blood donations, and the iron stores were estimated by a two‐site immunoradiometric assay for ferritin. Hb serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation were also measured. A remarkable low serum ferritin concentration was found in male donors, who had donated blood one or two times. This might indicate that the serum ferritin concentration in male blood donors is not linearly correlated to the iron stores. Among 30 female donors 14 had ferritin values below 10 ng/ml, which have been shown to be indicative of iron deficiency. The serum ferritin concentration could not be used to predict the donors who developed low Hb values by the blood donation which followed. Serum ferritin was correlated to serum iron in men and to serum transferrin and transferrin saturation in both men and women.
Sensitivity and Precision of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Methods
Authors: Refsum Nina , Collen D. , Godal H. C. , Janson T. , Mannucci P. M. , Nilsson Inga Marie , Gilhuus‐Moe C. C.
Published: August 2010

The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) test, Cephotest, was compared to other APTT methods in current use in 4 specialized coagulation laboratories. In 3 of 4 laboratories, the sensitivity of Cephotest was superior (P < 0.001) to that of the local APTT method. There was no statistically significant difference between the APTT methods with regard to precision of repetitive testing.

In each laboratory, the normal range of Cephotest was estimated on freshly collected plasma samples from healthy subjects. A mean value between 28.8 and 35.8 s, with a standard deviation of 1.1–3.3 s, was obtained.

It is concluded that the composition of the APTT method is of importance for the sensitivity of this test, but does not influence the precision of repetitive testing to a significant degree. The use of a standardized reagent facilitates comparison of the results obtained with the APTT method from one laboratory to another.