bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’anthropologie face à l’encastrement. Le cas de la réception de Karl Polanyi chez Maurice Godelier
Authors: Guillet Ariel
Published: July 2024

La lecture de l’œuvre de Karl Polanyi par Maurice Godelier permet d’aborder la confrontation de la tradition marxiste et du courant substantiviste sur le terrain de l’anthropologie. Elle met en évidence un certain nombre de problèmes structurants pour l’analyse anthropologique des phénomènes économiques. Ainsi, la critique de la démarche substantiviste, qualifiée d’« empirisme critique », conduit à poser la question du rapport entre empirie et théorie dès lors que l’objet étudié – l’économie – se caractérise avant tout par la variabilité de ses formes et de ses fonctions à travers le temps et l’espace. En particulier, l’attention portée à la différence qui sépare l’autonomisation de la vie économique en régime de marché et son intégration à des institutions religieuses, familiales ou encore politiques dans les sociétés non capitalistes risque de masquer la relative constance des formes de domination ou d’oppression. Au-delà d’une telle critique, toutefois, les recherches de l’anthropologue français le conduisent à intégrer l’opposition polanyienne entre encastrement et désencastrement au cadre conceptuel propre à l’analyse anthropologique. Dans le cas de Maurice Godelier, ceci oblige à une redéfinition d’un certain nombre de notions structurantes pour la discipline. Plus précisément, il en va non seulement de la confrontation avec le structuralisme de Lévi-Strauss mais aussi et surtout du remaniement des termes clefs de la tradition marxiste, en particulier sous la forme qu’elle prend, dans les années 1960, chez Althusser et ses disciples.
Pour une esthétique de la réception en histoire des idées politiques
Authors: Rodier Clément
Published: July 2024

La littérature peut-elle inspirer la science politique ? Dans cet article, nous souhaiterions montrer que le paradigme de l’esthétique de la réception, issu de la théorie littéraire, démontre toute sa pertinence heuristique pour l’histoire des idées politiques, au point d’en renouveler la conception. L’histoire des idées politiques repose, en effet, sur un impensé : le caractère esthétique des idées politiques. Celles-ci sont, la plupart du temps, contenues dans des ouvrages qui sont lus, commentés, interprétés. L’approche herméneutique de l’esthétique de la réception permet ainsi de dévoiler le caractère central de l’interprétation dans la signification théorique et historique d’une « œuvre de pensée », et encourage, par la même occasion, à nourrir, avec les idées politiques, un dialogue à même de réveiller toutes leurs potentialités.
Parody, Controversy, Commercial Opportunity: Samuel Foote’s The Minor (1760) and Its Reception
Authors: Labrune Pierre
Published: July 2024

This article studies Samuel Foote’s comedy The Minor, created in 1760, and the controversy it provoked. As Foote’s play satirizes George Whitefield and his preaching, its legality was debated. The use of scriptural quotations by ridiculous characters was criticized as Methodists argued that religion itself was being ridiculed. Foote, however, constantly defended his right to lampoon hypocrites, and his play was a real success. Moreover, a new fashion for Anti-Methodist publications originated in the scandal surrounding The Minor, thus undermining the attempts to censor the play.
Colour reception(s): The Narrative of the Exhibition “Colour Revolution: Victorian Art, Fashion and Design” (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 21 September 2023-18 February 2024)
Authors: Ribeyrol Charlotte
Published: July 2024

This article analyses the aesthetics of reception from the angle of XIXth-century colour. Although the Victorian era is often depicted in sombre tones in popular culture, the age of industry in fact brought about a series of scientific and technical innovations in the fields of colour perception and production. The ERC project CHROMOTOPE analyses the artistic and literary impact of this chromatic turn. One of the major outcomes of this research programme was the exhibition “Colour Revolution : Victorian Art, Fashion and Design” which took place at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford from 21 September 2023 to 18 February 2024. In this article I shed light on the scenography of this show which explored how the colours of the past might be told to and staged for a modern audience.
“Making Sense” of Art through Design: Towards a Multisensory Theory of Reception Aesthetics
Authors: Strauss Inbal
Published: July 2024

According to the dominant Western paradigm of aesthetic reception, what distinguishes works of art from everyday objects is that they offer an aesthetic experience exclusively through the privileged sense of sight. Correspondingly, theories of reception aesthetics in the fine arts, which seek to understand the ways in which works of art engage viewers in the process of meaning-making, traditionally focus on visual perception. However, contemporary works of art engage so-called “viewers” in increasingly multisensory ways that warrant not only a revision of the outdated and contentious privilege of the ocular in aesthetic reception, but correspondingly, a contemporary theory of reception aesthetics that considers multisensory forms of perception. Therefore, this article asks: how might the design of everyday objects ­– which engage users in visual as well as tactile, proprioceptive, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory ways ­– contribute to a theory of reception aesthetics that can illuminate and inform the ways in which sensory works of art engage audiences in the process of meaning-making? Drawing on Wolfgang Kemp’s theory of reception aesthetics on the one hand and Donald Norman’s theory of design on the other, this article proposes a methodology for analysing the impact of artistic productions in design terms (namely, affordances, constraints, signifiers, feedback, mapping, and conceptual model). Subsequently, it offers a “keyhole” comparison of an everyday object (a Rubik’s Cube) and a multisensory work of art (Lygia Clark’s Critter [1960]), whereby the interaction analysis of the former illuminates the multisensory ways in which the latter engages its audience in the process of meaning-making.
Violencias ovejunas en las misiones jesuíticas de guaraníes (Paraguay, siglos XVII-XVIII)
Authors: Brignon Thomas
Published: July 2024

A raíz de su singularidad, la experiencia evangelizadora de la Compañía de Jesús en las 30 misiones de guaraníes (Paraguay, 1609-1768) ha sido representada bajo la forma de una Arcadia ideal. Los jesuitas la plasmaron al aplicar una ideología pastoral que trata a los indígenas como si fueran un rebaño humano, ofreciendo una alternativa a las violencias coloniales. Este artículo pretende establecer el rol concreto de la ganadería ovina en la vida cotidiana de las Reducciones, mediante el estudio de documentos en guaraní de uso interno. Los mismos desvelan un hiato entre el peso del pastoralismo en el imaginario misionero y la presencia marginal de las ovejas de carne y hueso. Confrontadas con un ambiente hostil, fueron víctimas de violencias cometidas por los propios guaraníes, conscientes de la función de estos animales en el discurso cristiano y en las relaciones de poder coloniales.
La “porosidad” del convento femenino: historiografía, representaciones y usos
Authors: Roullet Antoine
Published: July 2024

Cet article constitue une revue historiographie des travaux tournant autour de la clôture, en particulier dans le monde hispanique et une réflexion sur l'émergence d'un nouveau lieu commun historiographique, la porosité du couvent, qui a suscité beaucoup de travaux ces dernières années aux États-Unis, en Espagne et en Italie en particulier. Le propos est de réfléchir non plus seulement à la dialectique d’ouverture et de fermeture que met en place la clôture stricte mise en avant dès le XIVe siècle et consacrée par le concile de Trente mais de penser comment la rhétorique de la porosité comme un obstacle à la compréhension des mécanismes de la clôture dont l’enjeu, précisément, est de produire un couvent qui puisse à la fois être fermé et ouvert, en même temps.
La prison pour dettes à Séville (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)
Authors: Copete Marie-Lucie
Published: July 2024

La prison médiévale et moderne avait une fonction coercitive dans les procès au civil pour dettes. Cette pratique de détention est analysée en deux temps : dans le droit castillan depuis 1348 jusqu’au XIXe siècle, puis à partir des cautions d’amélioration des conditions de détention conservées dans les archives notariales concernant la prison royale de Séville pour les années 1579-1624. La prison pour dettes permet d’aborder la question sociale à travers le prisme des liens multiples du crédit, d’explorer la corrélation entre réclusion et dettes ainsi que son rapport aux phénomènes de paupérisation dans la société castillane d’Ancien Régime.
Los firmes y porosos muros de la cárcel de la Manifestación (Zaragoza, 1590-1591)
Authors: Bravo Paloma
Published: July 2024

La Cárcel de la Manifestación, edificada en Zaragoza en 1556, tenía una doble función: mantener a los presos a disposición de la justicia y garantizar sus derechos. Estos derechos, o libertades, explican que la prisión fuera conocida como “Cárcel de la Libertad”. El éxito de esta designación, que remite al orden foral del que dicho lugar de encierro cautelar era pieza clave, estriba en que el recinto se hizo también famoso por la permeabilidad de sus muros. En efecto, en la Cárcel de la Manifestación, los presos conseguían comunicarse entre sí y con el exterior, llegando incluso a evadirse con gran facilidad. En el presente artículo, se examinan las distintas facetas de la porosidad de la cárcel de la libertad, centrando el estudio en los meses en que dicha prisión custodió a Antonio Pérez.
L’enfermement carcéral : l’autre visage de la vaine dynamique du picaro
Authors: Bertin-Elisabeth Cécile
Published: July 2024

Il est d’usage de définir le protagoniste des récits picaresques par ses errances et ses tromperies. L’enfermement en prison est également un élément récurrent dans la littérature picaresque. Il nous semble opportun d’interroger ces deux aspects apparemment contradictoires en nous intéressant à la circulaire vacuité de la dynamique de ces picaros. À partir de la distinction sociologique entre « épreuve sanction » et « épreuve défi », la prison acquiert une valeur métaphorique qui rend compte du confinement social et du rejet moral de cette époque. On s’intéressera alors plus particulièrement à la métamorphose originale de Guzman sur la galère.
El cautiverio como espacio de intercambios: a propósito de un episodio narrativo en Guzmán el Bravo de Lope de Vega
Authors: Copello Fernando
Published: July 2024

Un episodio narrativo en la novela corta Guzmán el Bravo (1624) de Lope de Vega representa un caso de convivencia entre cristianos y judíos en tierras africanas. El divertido desenlace muestra una solidaridad posible entre musulmanes, judíos y cristianos dándonos una visión renovadora y cómica del contexto carcelario y del cautiverio. Lope invierte perspectivas en esta novela paródica.
De la prisión a la Torre: la fortaleza íntima de Quevedo
Authors: Dumora Florence
Published: July 2024

Quevedo dio al neoestoicismo su impronta personal. Su sabiduría de pluma sin duda se fue forjando a la par en las pruebas de la vida. Nuestro propósito consiste en mostrar la relación entre la experiencia de la prisión y el proceso de la escritura que fundamenta algunas obras. La escritura de Quevedo trasluce una importante intertextualidad facilitada por la circulación incesante de los textos incluso en los periodos de reclusión, que también son momentos de intensa producción. Nos hemos valido de la correspondencia desde la última cárcel, la poesía moral y también de algunos textos doctrinales y políticos para mostrar que esta fábrica de la escritura corresponde también a una heurística personal necesaria debido a las circunstancias existenciales.
1983-2023… Ça marche à travers les âges
Authors: Aibar Alicia Gomba
Published: July 2024

Épousant le chemin parcouru par la Marche pour l’égalité et contre le racisme, ce relevé non exhaustif des commémorations pour le 40e anniversaire de l’événement traduit l’appétit du public pour la connaissance de l’histoire des luttes contre le racisme au sein de la société française, et le dynamisme actuel des combats portés par les collectifs des jeunes générations.
Une génération contre les discriminations
Authors: L'Ascenseur Collectif
Published: July 2024

Le 5 mars 2024 s’est tenu au Palais de la Porte Dorée l’événement « Génération Discriminée ? », à l’initiative de L’Ascenseur, une fédération d’associations en faveur de l’égalité des chances. Réunissant des jeunes aux côtés de représentants des secteurs associatif, culturel, du service public et des entreprises, cet événement avait pour but de questionner les discriminations subies et ressenties par la jeunesse et de présenter les moyens de lutte disponibles.
A paz como um estado de tranquilidade sobre o futuro
Authors: Junior Luis Gouveia
Published: July 2024

Compreender como alcançar a paz é um objetivo central nas disciplinas dos Estudos para a Paz e de Relações Internacionais. Porém, o debate acerca da definição de paz ainda permanece. Este artigo argumenta que aprofundar a compreensão do que é a paz é uma etapa fundamental para o desenvolvimento destas disciplinas. Desta forma, propõe-se a definição de que paz é um estado de tranquilidade sobre o futuro. Com base nesta conceitualização, o estudo segue com um debate entre esta definição proposta e as diferentes abordagens teóricas sobre este conceito. Discutindo principalmente sua aplicabilidade na affective ou emotional turn das Relações Internacionais, conclui-se que a definição apresentada oferece um potencial campo de expansão do estudo da paz.
Water Weaponisation: The Syrian Case
Authors: Gama Margarida
Published: July 2024

The start of the twenty-first century has seen the scarcity of water resources being increasingly framed as a weaponised instrument of war and a military objective by multiple actors. This article questions how the weaponisation of water by state actors and non-state actors in a violent conflict can further their hydro‑hegemony and power. It is argued that actors in a violent conflict weaponise water to materialise their war objectives in strategic gains and to (re)position themselves as the hydro‑hegemons of strategic geographical areas allowing them to enhance their power. To support this argument, this research draws on the Syrian conflict, specifically on the fight in the Barada valley and on the framework of hydro‑hegemony.
A “Holy Rus” no espaço pós-soviético: um fator de desunião em torno do “Russkiy Mir”
Authors: Constantino Pedro
Published: July 2024

Vladimir Putin retomou um discurso religioso assente no “Russkiy Mir”, que defende a unidade cultural, identitária e política do espaço pós-soviético. Em cooperação com a Igreja Ortodoxa Russa (IOR), a Rússia apresentou-se como garante e defensora dos valores espirituais tradicionais. Este artigo argumenta que, embora importante, a partilha destes valores não é condição suficiente para a união do “Russkiy Mir” porque: 1) a “espiritualidade” advogada por elites políticas e religiosas não reflete a religiosidade individual, mas uma proximidade cultural; 2) a relação entre a IOR e as igrejas nacionais tem dado sinais de conflitualidade; e 3) o “Russkiy Mir” aproximou-se da ideia de “Holy Rus”, um projeto de sociedade transnacional que visa justificar uma identidade comum no espaço pós-soviético, com a Rússia, a Bielorrússia e a Ucrânia no seu centro, que adquiriu significados irredentistas.
A intervenção da CEDEAO na Costa do Marfim: dinâmicas pós-coloniais nos processos de paz regionais
Authors: Gonçalves Mário
Published: July 2024

O debate académico sobre a regionalização de segurança destaca as deficiências técnicas, económicas e institucionais das organizações regionais, bem como as relações de amizade-inimizade entre os seus membros, como os principais obstáculos aos processos de paz e segurança regionais. Menos atenção tem sido dada aos efeitos das dinâmicas pós-coloniais, sobretudo as relações entre as ex-potências coloniais e as ex-colónias, nestes processos. Partindo desta lacuna, este artigo analisa a influência das dinâmicas pós-coloniais nos processos de paz regionais, usando como estudo de caso as intervenções da Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental (CEDEAO) na Costa do Marfim (2002-2007). Através da análise qualitativa de fontes primárias e secundárias, o artigo defende que estas intervenções não conseguiram estabelecer uma paz positiva no país, devido a jogos de poder e interesses resultantes de dinâmicas pós-coloniais.
Trajectoires paysagères et crises morphosédimentaires de cônes torrentiels dans la vallée de la Maurienne (Savoie) depuis la fin du Petit Âge glaciaire
Authors: Hugerot Thérèse , Astrade Laurent , Gauchon Christophe
Published: July 2024

Pour reconstituer les dynamiques géohistoriques des environnements de montagne, il faut identifier les lieux qui sont les plus susceptibles d’enregistrer les changements naturels et anthropiques. Quatre cônes torrentiels ont été choisis dans la vallée de la Maurienne (Alpes françaises du Nord) en raison de leur diversité d’occupation des sols et de paysages. La mobilisation de nombreuses archives cadastrales, cartographiques, photographiques et techniques, entre le xviiie et le xxe siècle a permis d’élaborer un système d’informations géohistoriques susceptible de rendre compte et de caractériser des trajectoires paysagères de ces quatre cônes depuis le Petit Âge glaciaire. Les pulsations de l’activité torrentielle, les crises morphosédimentaires, l’industrialisation de la vallée et la déprise rurale, les grands aménagements routiers, ferroviaires et hydroélectriques, et les dynamiques d’urbanisation (et de reconstruction après-guerre) sont autant d’éléments à prendre en compte pour reconstituer ces trajectoires singulières. Au-delà des particularités des quatre cônes étudiés, six grandes phases d’évolution paysagère sont identifiées, faisant alterner endommagements liés aux laves torrentielles et périodes d’accalmie. La progression des friches sur les cônes et l’artificialisation des berges des torrents caractérisent la situation actuelle.
Génération automatique de maquettes de paysages grâce à l’open data
Authors: Proust Maëlle , Donzé Olivier , Picenni Kenzo , Barrioz Anne
Published: July 2024

La profusion actuelle de données géographiques, en particulier en open data, est une formidable opportunité pour tous les acteurs de l’aménagement du territoire. Toutefois, leur utilisation peut être rendue difficile en raison de leur abondance, de l’hétérogénéité des sites de téléchargement et de la diversité des formats. De plus, la représentation 3D du territoire est particulièrement chronophage et nécessite des compétences relativement pointues. Ces tâches répétitives sont particulièrement adaptées pour être automatisées par programmation. C’est précisément ce que le groupe de recherche appliquée Modélisation informatique du paysage (MIP) de la Haute école du paysage, d’ingénierie et d’architecture de Genève (HEPIA) a développé. Il a acquis des compétences pointues et a créé des outils en open source (plugins) pour faciliter la génération automatique de maquettes numériques 3D du territoire. Dans le cadre d’un travail de mémoire en master en développement territorial, orientation Architecture du paysage, Maëlle Proust a expérimenté l’application de ces outils numériques au domaine de recherche appliquée au sol. Partant du constat de l’absence de représentation du sol dans la planification urbaine, une partie de ce travail a porté sur la manière de rendre perceptibles les paysages vivants invisibles.
Des SIG aux observations de terrain : étude de la « trame jardinée potagère » dans les petites villes du Vexin français
Authors: Rich Flora , Petit-Berghem Yves
Published: July 2024

La question de la résilience alimentaire des villes entraîne un intérêt croissant pour le jardin potager. Les espaces peu denses, qui possèdent un foncier cultivable important, sont peu étudiés. Nous examinons le cas de cinq petites villes franciliennes, dont quatre sont localisées dans le PNR du Vexin français. Grâce à une cartographie SIG diachronique et une enquête exploratoire, nous avons conçu un outil méthodologique, la « trame jardinée potagère », qui nous permet d’analyser la trajectoire de jardins potagers privés sans maison, cultivés sur les anciennes « ceintures vertes » des petites villes. Nos résultats montrent que l’existence de ces jardins est chevillée à une culture manuelle associée aux catégories populaires, et que leur renouvellement s’essouffle. La sécurisation du foncier non bâti prônée par le PNR ne semble alors pas suffire à maintenir la fonction nourricière des ceintures vertes. Imaginer de nouvelles politiques publiques autour du partage de jardins privés peut être une piste de réflexion. Dans cette perspective, la carte de la trame jardinée pourrait constituer le support d’une synergie territoriale autour d’un renouveau du jardin potager.
Le bleu du front de mer
Authors: Foulquier Éric , Ferrari Alice
Published: July 2024

Un déterminisme de l’urbanité insulaire tropicale pourrait instaurer un rapport étroit entre le fait urbain et le fait maritime. Située au bord de la mer, dans la douceur des alizés, la ville caribéenne, forcément portuaire, disposerait ainsi d’emblée d’un front de mer comme structure fondamentale de son espace public. Or, il n’en est rien, et nombre d’observations nous rapportent que ces espaces de contact ont été progressivement marginalisés, abandonnés aux occupations informelles, à la déshérence industrielle. Tel est le cas de Pointe-à-Pitre, dont le front de mer est aujourd’hui particulièrement contraint par un palimpseste d’occupations, où la circulation l’emporte sur la déambulation, où le gris rouillé du bâti domine largement le bleu des horizons marins. Pour objectiver cette relation atrophiée, la contribution propose une analyse colorimétrique du paysage maritime vu à hauteur de passant lorsque celui-ci longe la mer, à partir d’un inventaire photographique de type panoramique. Chacune des photographies fait l’objet d’un carroyage dont sont extraites des valeurs colorimétriques selon trois méthodes distinctes : valeur dominante, valeur moyenne, analyse sensible. Cette métrique paysagère, à partir de la couleur perçue, permet de démontrer que le front de mer pointois présente une accessibilité particulièrement restreinte au paysage maritime. Le front de mer n’est pas si bleu dans la grande ville guadeloupéenne. Cet inventaire linéaire du paysage maritime ambitionne une réflexion sur la trajectoire urbaine de la ville portuaire.
Logiciel SIG et pratique de terrain : quel positionnement de l’outil cartographique pour les acteurs du paysage ?
Authors: Olivier Sophie-Anne
Published: July 2024

Cet article appréhende le paysage au regard de la pratique de terrain (physique et social) et de la manière dont l’outil système d’information géographique (SIG) joue un rôle de médiateur. Comment le SIG reconfigure-t-il le rapport au terrain ? Comment, tant d’un point de vue quantitatif que qualitatif, l’expérience du terrain a-t-elle changé ? Après un état des lieux de la pratique de terrain des utilisateurs, l’article montre comment l’usage du SIG (et des outils associés comme le drone par exemple) crée une distanciation paradoxale au terrain et joue un rôle de médiateur. Le propos repose sur deux types de matériaux complémentaires. Le premier est une conférence utilisateur (structurée autour de quatre retours d’expérience suivis d’une table ronde animée par Thierry Joliveau) qui a été organisée en ligne en juin 2020 sur le thème suivant « Global Mapper, un outil de terrain ? Entre préparation, action et retour d’expérience ». L’événement a permis de croiser le regard de professionnels aux problématiques variées où l’étude du paysage tient une place centrale : la gestion des risques avalancheux, la cartographie des terrains de golf, le notariat et les missions aériennes. Le second est une enquête par questionnaire à destination des utilisateurs de logiciels SIG qui a récolté plus de 350 réponses de pratiquants et non-pratiquants du terrain. Cette enquête permet, entre autres, de montrer une permanence dans l’utilisation de certains outils (comme la carte papier) et comment l’outil numérique invite à la fois à pratiquer le terrain tout en s’en éloignant.
Conversation sur le terrain
Authors: Brière Blandine , Broilliard Alice , Vignes Juliette , Viniane Julien
Published: July 2024

Dans le cadre de l’appel à projets Plan de paysage lancé en 2021 par le ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, le Pôle d’équilibre territorial et rural (PETR) du Pays de Gâtine lance une large étude paysagère sur la Gâtine poitevine dont l’objectif est d’inciter les acteurs du territoire à appréhender l’évolution et les dynamiques des paysages de manière prospective, transversale et concertée, en considérant la nécessaire adaptation aux évolutions contemporaines et au changement climatique. Posant les fondations d’un futur Parc naturel régional, ce Plan de paysage couvre les 78 communes d’un vaste territoire rural d’élevage et de cultures, autour de Parthenay. La singularité de cet espace est d’offrir l’un des maillages bocagers les plus denses et préservés de France, l’élément-clé du paysage, conciliant les espaces ruraux et urbains de demain, également lieu de la biodiversité et protecteur de l’eau des vallées, mais aussi celui d’une économie en difficulté, tributaire de pratiques paysannes fragilisées. Dans le cadre du Plan de paysage, une équipe de paysagistes concepteurs, d’artiste son et de développeur web a développé une carte sonore en ligne, un outil numérique accessible, pour un partage à grande échelle des réflexions sur le devenir des paysages. En cohérence avec la démarche d’étude paysagère nourrie par le dialogue, l’article prend la forme de la conversation, autour des six questions qui dessinent les grands axes de cette expérience commune, du lien qui a été tissé entre paysage, son et application numérique.
Luxury in the Field of Tourism
Authors: Theng Sopheap
Published: July 2024

Many tourism destinations wish to be part of the luxury tourism; boasting the merits of the new constructions ex nihilo, they think imposing themselves in the field of luxury tourism without knowing the basis. However luxury cannot be decreed. Luxury lies with a system of production of specific offers. It favours unique establishments located in exceptional environments (natural or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment among one’s peers. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through specialised establishments, places and destinations.
Tourism and Poverty: Open the Range of Possibilities
Authors: Dehoorne Olivier , Tatar Corine , Theng Sopheap
Published: July 2024

Poverty is a global concern and international tourism is seen as a tool to fight against poverty. This is the issue addressed in this reflection: What is poverty? Consider tourism as a remedy requires first of all to question the nature of evil. It is therefore necessary to start by analysing poverty without limiting to its economic approach. Poverty is a multidimensional concept, which should be studied in a systematic approach. Tourism attracts international bodies and many politicians (at local and national levels) by its development opportunities. Tourism distinguishes itself by its adaptability and its ability to transform hosting environments. It is the consumers who go to the producers (host territories). This activity therefore provides direct revenue for the host societies. Hence the creation of specific jobs and the stimulation of investments. However, if the economic potential is undeniable, this activity should be placed in a real development project in order to benefit the poorest territories.
Embodied History: Intergenerational Conflict in Indian Fiction
Authors: Raja Ira
Published: July 2024

This article builds on the existing critique of the modernization paradigm, and its particularly Indian manifestations, to propose that the relationship between disadvantages in later life and modernization be situated within the context of class-based imbalances of access and exclusion at the intra-familial, intergenerational level. Following Pierre Bourdieu, I adopt a model of class which is based on ‘capital’ movements through social space. Capital here functions as an economistic metaphor referring to the resources distributed throughout the social body. The value of Bourdieu’s ideas is reflected in two Indian short stories I will examine (one each from Hindi and Bengali), here chosen as representative instances of a widespread preoccupation of contemporary Indian fiction.
Chinua Achebe’s Early Anti-Imperialism in the Court of Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Ekpo Denis
Published: July 2024

Chinua Achebe is well known for his trenchantly anti-imperialist literary positions. In his critical interventions, he excoriates the unrepentant Conradian eye of imperialistically minded foreign critics of Africa’s artistic works. However the current postcolonial turn in both critical practice and cross-cultural sensibilities has brought about some drastic redescriptions of both imperialism and anti-imperialism. This paper returns to some of the earliest construction sites of Achebe’s anti-colonial discourse in order to examine, in the light of postcolonial theory, the strengths and aporias of Achebe’s double-edged policy of unconditional cultural protectionism towards Africa and unmitigated critique of imperialism.
A Tale from the Crypt: Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things
Authors: Ng Andrew Hock Soon
Published: July 2024

This essay seeks to read Arundhati Roy’s controversial novel, The God of Small Things (1997) from a Gothic perspective, especially in the way it depicts the transformation of a traumatic event into technologies of haunting. Deploying Derrida’s theory of the spectre and Abraham and Torok’s psychoanalytically inflected concept of cryptomimesis, the essay argues that Rahel and Estha continue to remember through their bodies the repressed history of their mother and her forbidden lover, and in this way, keep alive their memory, even though ‘memory’ in this narrative is often wrought with fragments and distortion. That is, the twins serve as vanguards – as tombs – of their mother’s ghosts who, through their reunion twenty-three years after the tragic event that sparks the narrative, live once again to tell her tale that official records have silenced.
Peter Carey’s True History of the Kelly Gang: Ethical Dimensions in the Re-evaluation of Australia’s Mythic Hero
Authors: Herrero M. Dolores
Published: July 2024

Peter Carey’s novel True History of the Kelly Gang negotiates the multiple and contradictory meanings that Ned Kelly’s historical record brings about. The figure of Ned Kelly brings to the fore the ethical dimensions of revisiting and questioning one of the best-known myths of the nation.
Sleight-of-Hand: Writing, History, and Magic in Brian Moore’s The Magician’s Wife
Authors: Hicks Patrick
Published: July 2024

Brian Moore’s latest novel, The Magician’s Wife (1997), is set in nineteenth-century France and Algeria. In this work about magic, Moore manipulates history, rewrites it, and the nature of faith is investigated from the diametrically opposed agendas of colonizer and colonized. As readers, we are caught in a fictional reconstruction of precise historical events and, like the protagonist, Emmeline Lambert, we are compelled to wrestle with disturbing questions of faith and empire.
Patrick White and Rimbaud
Authors: Beston John
Published: July 2024

Patrick White acknowledged that he was ‘soaked in Rimbaud’. Five poems in his novels are linked to Rimbaud. Their main themes are ones important also in Rimbaud’s poems: the need to escape a constrictive mother by fleeing into the freedom of the imagination, followed by a fear of that very freedom. It is as if Rimbaud and White feared the power of the imagination to take control of the mind, for they abandon their fantasies when these are freest, and choose instead failure and frustration. Ultimately both writers yielded in defeat to the stronger figure of their mother. After a final tribute to his mother, White turned to other subjects; Rimbaud abandoned poetry altogether.
The Text That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Contextual Heterosex and Same-Sex Desire in African Fiction
Authors: Zabus Chantal
Published: July 2024

While alluding to the shift from homosexuality-as-a-practice in anthropological discourse on Africa to homosexuality-as-an-identity in African fiction, this paper argues for a necessary yet culture-specific criss-crossing of African postcolonial texts with queer theory. Examples are provided, mainly from Nigeria and South Africa.
Text and Context: Anglophone Literary Production in Ghana since 1945
Authors: Whyte Philip
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to show to what extent the context of production of West African literature in English, meaning the way literary works are written, published, distributed and read, necessarily calls in question a number of presuppositions concerning the distinction between so-called ‘popular’ or locally produced writing and the texts of internationally published authors (for example, Ayi Kwei Armah) whose works alone are seen as representative of what passes in the West for ‘African literature’.
Variations on a Frontier: J.M. Coetzee’s Novel Dusklands in Context
Authors: Rogez Mathilde
Published: July 2024

J.M. Coetzee’s first novel Dusklands has often been read into and against the South African context of its production, and has therefore often been misread, and its stylistic and literary specificities overlooked. A reversal of perspective will instead try to prove how, via a series of textual tropes and extra-textual (mainly pictorial) displacements, the book better undermines the notions of border and frontier lying at the core of the apartheid regime of the early 1970s.
Formation Conditions and Distribution Law of Tight Oil in Fuyu Oil Layer, Sanzhao Area, Songliao Basin
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Fang Ju , Li Jun Wen , Li Jie , Han Jing , Li Xiang , Li Yue
Published: July 2024

The tight oil in the Fuyu oil layer in Sanzhao area of the Songliao Basin has huge resource and reserves, and has a good geological background for tight oil accumulation. It is the main direction of oil and gas exploration in recent years. The conditions and distribution rules of tight oil in Fuyu oil layer in Sanzhao area of Songliao Basin are analyzed by comprehensively using the data of geology, drilling, logging and geochemistry. The results indicate that there’s four favorable conditions for the formation of tight oil in study area: ①The crude oil has great properties and fluidity, and the formation conditions of tight oil are superior; ②The widely distributed high-quality source rock is close to the tight reservoir, that provides sufficient oil basis for the tight oil formation; ③The tight reservoirs distributed widely in a large area provide effective reservoir space for the tight reservoirs formation; ④Formation overpressure is organically matched with oil source faults, which offers sufficient power for tight oil to move downward. Finally, this article points out that the tight oil in Fuyu reservoir of Sanzhao area has the characteristics of large-area continuous distribution, strong heterogeneity, local "dessert" enrichment area, and the river sand body controls the local "dessert" enrichment area of tight oil.
Using Meyer Wavelet Method to Identify an Unknown Source in the Heat Equation
Authors: Lv Xian Li , Feng Xiu Fang
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper,we consider the problem for identifying the unknown source inthe heat equation.The Meyer wavelet reqularization method is extended todeal with ill-posedness of the problem and error estimates are obtained.Itcan be seen from the literature that wavelet plays an important role inthe identification of unknown sources,but most of them focus on numericalverification without theoretical proof.In this paper,theoretical proof is givenand numerical examples show that the proposed method is effective andstable.
Research on Microscopic Morphology Analysis Model of Carbon Fiber
Authors: Wei Hua Zhen , Wang Dan Yong , Li Shu Hu , Xing Wen Fang
Published: July 2024

The microstructure of carbon fibers with different properties also varies. Even with considerable mechanical properties, the microstructure characteristics of carbon fibers produced by different manufacturers or processes are different. Although current characterization testing methods can provide a fundamental analysis of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers, there is still no systematic theory on how to control the evolution of their microstructure during the production process of carbon fibers and develop high-performance and high-quality fibers. There is still a certain gap in the performance of carbon fibers in China compared to foreign countries. Therefore, this article analyzes and summarizes various publicly published models of carbon fiber microstructure in recent years, providing reference for establishing a recognized analysis model that can predict the mechanical properties of carbon fibers in engineering, providing effective direction for improving carbon fiber manufacturing processes, and providing technical support for developing high-performance and high-quality carbon fibers.
Peripheral T Cell Development and Immunophenotyping of Twins with Heterozygous FOXN1 Mutations
Authors: Voss Kelsey , Bartkowiak Todd , Sewell Allison E , Chi Channing , Landis Madelyn D , Schaefer Samuel , Pua Heather H , Connelly James A , Irish Jonathan M , Rathmell Jeffrey C , Kaviany Saara
Published: July 2024

The transcription factor FOXN1 plays an established role in thymic epithelial development to mediate selection of maturing thymocytes. Patients with heterozygous loss-of-function FOXN1 variants are associated with T cell lymphopenia at birth and low TCR excision circles that can ultimately recover. Although CD4+ T cell reconstitution in these patients is not completely understood, a lower proportion of naive T cells in adults has suggested a role for homeostatic proliferation. In this study, we present an immunophenotyping study of fraternal twins with low TCR excision circles at birth. Targeted primary immunodeficiency testing revealed a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in FOXN1 (c.1205del, p.Pro402Leufs*148). We present the immune phenotypes of these two patients, as well as their father who carries the same FOXN1 variant, to demonstrate an evolving immune environment over time. While FOXN1 haploinsufficiency may contribute to thymic defects and T cell lymphopenia, we characterized the transcriptional activity and DNA binding of the heterozygous FOXN1 variant in 293T cells and found the FOXN1 variant to have different effects across several target genes. These data suggest multiple mechanisms for similar FOXN1 variants pathogenicity that may be mutation specific. Increased understanding of how these variants drive transcriptional regulation to impact immune cell populations will guide the potential need for therapeutics, risk for infection or autoimmunity over time, and help inform clinical decisions for other variants that might arise.
Loss of Lymphatic IKKα Disrupts Lung Immune Homeostasis, Drives BALT Formation, and Protects against Influenza
Authors: Cully Michelle D , Nolte Julianne E , Patel Athena , Vaughan Andrew E , May Michael J
Published: July 2024

IκB kinase (IKK)α controls noncanonical NF-κB signaling required for lymphoid organ development. We showed previously that lymph node formation is ablated in IkkαLyve-1 mice constitutively lacking IKKα in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We now reveal that loss of IKKα in LECs leads to the formation of BALT in the lung. Tertiary lymphoid structures appear only in the lungs of IkkαLyve-1 mice and are not present in any other tissues, and these highly organized BALT structures form after birth and in the absence of inflammation. Additionally, we show that IkkαLyve-1 mice challenged with influenza A virus (IAV) exhibit markedly improved survival and reduced weight loss compared with littermate controls. Importantly, we determine that the improved morbidity and mortality of IkkαLyve-1 mice is independent of viral load and rate of clearance because both mice control and clear IAV infection similarly. Instead, we show that IFN-γ levels are decreased, and infiltration of CD8 T cells and monocytes into IkkαLyve-1 lungs is reduced. We conclude that ablating IKKα in LECs promotes BALT formation and reduces the susceptibility of IkkαLyve-1 mice to IAV infection through a decrease in proinflammatory stimuli.
The Effects of Verbal Cues on Electromyographic Activity During a Quadriceps Setting Exercise
Authors: Frerichs Connor , DeHope Joseph , Chamberlain Maggie , Bassett Dylan , Farmer Brooke , Kyvelidou Anastasia , Magrini Mitchel , Grindstaff Terry L.
Published: July 2024

Context

A quadriceps setting exercise is commonly used following knee injury, but there is great variation in cues that clinicians provide to patients when performing the exercise.

Objectives

To determine if internal, external, or visual cues result in the greatest quadriceps electromyographical (EMG) activity during a quadriceps setting exercise in healthy individuals.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty healthy individuals volunteered for this study. Participants were given 1 of 5 cues in a randomized order: internal cue “tighten your thigh muscles,” internal cue “push your knee down,” external cue “push into the bolster,” external cue “push into the strap,” or visual biofeedback using the cue “raise the value on the screen as high as you can.”

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Normalized vastus lateralis electromyographical activity.

Results

Both visual biofeedback (83.2% ± 24.9%) and the press into the strap condition (76.8% ± 24.4%) produced significantly greater (P < .001) electromyographical activity than the push knee down (53.2% ± 27.0%), tighten thigh (52.7% ± 27.3%), or push into the bolster (50.8% ± 26.3%) conditions. There was no significant difference (P = .10) between the visual biofeedback and press into the strap conditions as well as no significant difference (P > .38) between the push knee down, tighten thigh, or push into the bolster conditions.

Conclusion

If the clinical aim during a quadriceps setting exercise is to obtain the greatest volitional muscle recruitment, the use of visual biofeedback or pressing into a strap is recommended.
The effectiveness of semi-wild Sumatran mango (Mangifera spp.) leaves as a phytotherapy agent for breast cancer
Authors: Fitmawati  , Anisa Nur , Roza Rodesia M. , Juliantari Erwina
Published: July 2024

Background

Breast cancer ranks first in the world, standing at a mortality rate of 24.5% per year and is the leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia. The current management of breast cancer therapy is considered less effective because of its careful use due to side effects that are detrimental to the patient. The semi-wild species from Sumatra are neglected and underutilized species but have the potential as a therapeutic agent. Previous research has revealed that this species of mango is high in antioxidant compounds.

Objective

This study was carried out to discover the anticancer activities of the semi-wild mango species via inhibitory activities and morphological changes in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells.

Materials and methods

The IC50 value of Mangifera
sumatrana, Mangifera
foetida, and Mangifera
laurina leaves in n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and methanol extracts was determined using the reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.

Results and conclusion

M. laurina n-hexane extracts exhibited anticancer activity (IC50 13.25 ppm). Nonpolar solutions were chosen as the most effective extraction solvent in anticancer tests because lipids in nonpolar solvents can hit the lipid bilayer. A hexane fraction was created by separating the majority of nonpolar fatty acid esters, and this fraction had a considerable impact on cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells. Therefore, all treatments can transform MCF-7 cells’ morphology into blackened dead cells that are degraded into small parts, such as apoptotic bodies in cells undergoing apoptotic processes. MTT assays against MCF-7 on three species of semi-wild Sumatran mango in different extraction solvents showed that n-hexane extracts of M. laurina had stronger anticancer activity than other samples. This study provides new information to support the development of standardized herbal medicines and phytopharmaca in the future.
Chitosan and riboflavin treatments affect marjoram growth, yield, and chemical composition
Authors: Abd-Rabbu Hala S. , Wahba Hend E. , El-Gohary Ahmed E. , Khalid Khalid A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Marjoram is primarily cultivated to produce dried leaves and essential oil. Its active components have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities in modern medicine. There is an interest in increasing marjoram production for local production and export. Chitosan (CH) and riboflavin (R) are required to promote plant growth and active ingredients.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate how marjoram performance was affected by foliar spraying of CH and R at different concentrations.

Materials and methods

This investigation was performed over two successive seasons at two cuts. The used concentrations of CH were 100, 150, and 200 ppm, while R concentrations were 50 and 100 ppm. They were applied four times as a foliar spray to the vegetative growth during the growth season. At each harvest, the following parameters were recorded: fresh and dry weight, oil yield, total carbohydrates %, protein %, macronutrient content, total phenolics content, flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil constituents to study their response to different treatments.

Results and conclusion

All the treatments of CH and R enhanced the vegetative growth, essential oil percentage, yield, active constituents, and oil components compared with untreated plants. Foliar application of CH at 200 ppm and R at 100 ppm increased plant growth, yield of volatile oil as well as chemical constituents compared with other treatments; however, CH was more effective than R. The combined application between CH and R resulted in the greatest values especially when both were applied at high doses.
Plagiarism and Authorship Credit
Authors: Arjuman Albina , Chakraborty Somen N.
Published: July 2024

Literature being an expression of an author, its commodification historically has assigned a value to it primarily in terms of authorship credit. Arguably reproducing published content without attributing the requisite source, termed as plagiarism is ethically discrediting to this premise. However, simply weighing its proportion based on digitally assigned semantic similarity may not be completely justifiable in the present-day digital atmosphere. It should be noted that while technology can facilitate plagiarism detection, digitization by way of providing greater access to published content is also the facilitator of plagiarism. While the scientific community is often severe in its approach toward the act of plagiarism, there is still a lack of clarity around the code of conduct of the same as there are several grey areas related to such a misconduct on which the law remains silent. By revisiting the historical evolution of the credit of authorship and the copyright law this piece presents an analytical vista pertaining to plagiarism in a different light. By identifying the gaps in the present-day handling of these age-old concepts, one may find that there is an unmet need to revisit the legal aspects of handling cases of plagiarism taking into consideration the digital environment.