bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estructura ecológica principal del Chocó Biogeográfico según criterio de diversidad y singularidad de especies y ecosistemas
Authors: Valoyes Zulmary , Ramírez Giovanny , Klinger William , Carabali Fredy
Published: December 2021

La estructura ecológica principal se define como un conjunto de elementos bióticos y abióticos que dan sustento a los procesos ecológicos esenciales de un territorio, cuya finalidad principal es la preservación, conservación, restauración, uso y manejo sostenible de los recursos naturales renovables, los cuales brindan la capacidad de soporte para el desarrollo socioeconómico de las poblaciones. Partiendo de este concepto se diseñó y construyó una estructura ecológica principal para la región del Chocó Biogeográfico, tomando en cuenta los componentes de biodiversidad y funcionalidad de los ecosistemas y servicios ecosistémicos. Dentro de cada uno de estos componentes se definie- ron criterios, y a su vez dentro de estos se establecieron subcriterios. Los resultados que aquí se publican corresponden al componente de biodiversidad y al criterio de diversidad y singularidad de especies y ecosistemas, para lo cual se trabajaron los subcriterios de riqueza y diversidad de especies, abundancia natural de especies particulares, riqueza y diversidad de ecosistemas, especies objeto de conservación (especies amenazadas, raras, endémicas y migratorias) y ecosistemas relictuales amenazados y singulares.
Análisis comparativo de la vegetación vascular asociada con los complejos cenagosos en la llanura aluvial del medio y bajo Atrato, Chocó Biogeográfico
Authors: Valoyes-Cardoso Zulmary , Ramírez-Moreno Giovanny
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas, la vegetación que circunda los complejos cenagosos dela llanura aluvial del Atrato ha sido transformada debido a la explotación intensiva a la que ha sido sometida. El grado de afectación varía de acuerdo con la ubicación y con la intensidad del disturbio, situación que a su vez ha provocado el cambio en la composición y estructura de este importante recurso, cuyas consecuencias ecológicas son difíciles de valorar. En este sentido este artículo hace un análisis del estado actual de la vegetación que circunda estos ecosistemas y las implicaciones que ha tenido la transformación de la misma. Para lo anterior se tomó como base estudios realizados en los complejos cenagosos y ciénagas de la zona media y baja del Atrato y se comparó la vegetación presente en estos, concluyendo que aunque existen vacíos de información referentes a la composición y estructura en la mayoría de estos complejos cenagosos; el ritmo acelerado con que se transforman estos ambientes ponen en riesgo la diversidad contenida en ellos y por consiguiente la seguridad alimentaria de las poblaciones asentadas en esta parte del territorio.
Importancia etnozoológica de herpetos en bosques de la selva pluvial central del Chocó
Authors: Cuesta Ríos Eric Yair , Rentería Moreno Luis Eladio
Published: December 2021

Mediante la combinación de herramientas cualitativas y metodologías participativas que permitieron la interacción entre investigadores y actores de la comunidad, se determinó la importancia etnozoológica de la herpetofauna para los pobladores de los alrededores de la Estación Ambiental Tutunendo de Quibdó, reportando un total de dos clases, cuatro órdenes, 10 familias, 14 géneros y 16 especies de herpetos que son objeto de uso por la comunidad como los Quelonios: Chelydra acutirostris (Bache), Kinosternon leucostomum (Tor- tuguita), Kinosternon scorpioides (Tapaculo) y Rhynoclemmys nasuta (Tortuga blanca), son las especies más utilizadas. Se registraron seis categorías de uso como (1) Alimentación que involucró 11 especies, (2) uso como mascota con nueve, (3) Medicina tradicional-mágico religioso con ocho, (4) Ornamento con siete, (5) Control por prevención con cinco y (6) Comercio con cuatro especies; las tortugas es el grupo taxonómico más explotado en la comunidad.
Calidad del aire en Quibdó mediante bioindicadores
Authors: Mena Rosmary
Published: December 2021

El uso de bioindicadores para monitorear la calidad del aire de una zona específica permite evaluar alteraciones medioambientales asociadas con la contaminación atmosférica. El crecimiento de la parte urbana del municipio de Quibdó y de su parque automotor, trajo como consecuencia el incremento de la contaminación. Mediante el uso de bioindicadores (epífitos) se valoró la calidad del aire en diferentes estaciones del área de estudio. Se caracterizaron los índices de pureza atmosférica (IPA) en el casco urbano de Quibdó y se sectorizó en cinco zonas diferenciadas de calidad del aire, siendo las estaciones ubicadas en el centro de la ciudad las que presentan la contaminación máxima, con un rango de valores IPA entre 5,3 y 9,5. La estación menos contaminada se encuentra ubicada en la zona norte de la ciudad, donde se presenta una baja intervención antrópica y escaso tráfico vehicular y su IPA, el máximo obtenido, fue 58,5. Se determinaron 74 especies de epifitos, de los cuales se diferenciaron 34 líquenes costrosos (45,9%), 9 líquenes foliosos (10,8%) y 1 fruticoso (1,4%). Además se identificaron 13 tipos de musgos equivalentes al 17,6%, 14 especies de hepáticas pertenecientes a la familia Legeuneaceae, correspondiente a 18,9% de los especímenes y en 5,4% de las muestras micelios de hongos. La zonificación obtenida es la primera realizada de acuerdo con este criterio en el municipio, logrando aportar a las autoridades ambientales un insumo para la toma de decisiones y en el desarrollo de actividades de prevención, monitoreo y control en este tema
عقلیت پسند رجحانات کے تفسیری اصول و ضوابط کا تنقیدی جائزہ
Authors: Ahmed Dildar , Hayat Dr Amjad
Published: December 2021

Rationalist tendencies mean those individuals and groups who prefer reason over divine teachings and explain the Holy Quran on their own. Mostly, they do this type of fabrication through so-called reasoning, but sometimes they get influenced by Europe. The article highlights their rationalist approaches in Exegesis of the Holy Quran and how they opposed the majority of the Quran Commentators while making their own rules. This research work explores the historical background, basic rules, and methods of those rationalists, their disagreement with most of the conventional interpreters, and the impacts of their self-made foundations. Moreover, it presents a comparison of their invented rules and well-accepted rules of the Quran Explainers to a clear course of commentary for every Muslim reader. The summary contains how these rationalists plant rules to have their self-wished results and ignore authentic traditions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), deny different dialects of the holy Quran, refuse reasons of revelations, and explain Huroof e Muqataat as they deem fit.
The Impact of Tourist Experience Quality and Involvement on Tourist Recommendation Intention: Evidence From Ramelau Mountain as Tourist Destination in Timor-Leste
Authors: Seran Agustinus Nahak , Ximenes Domingas R. da C. , Da Silva Margaretta Evy M.D. , Saldanha Estanislau De Sousa
Published: December 2021

This study aims to test a model linking tourist experience quality, involvement and recommendation intention. The data was collected from 397 tourists as respondents used a five scale likert questionnaires, and SMART-PLS 3.1 was used for data analysis. The result of this research showed that tourist experience quality and involvement positively and significantly influenced on tourist recommendation intention. This study enriches the empirical debates on tourist experience quality, involvement and recommendation intention in emergent tourist destination. Study also provides insight description to the government and tourism industry to improve Ramelau Mountain as tourism destination by providing memorable experience quality and tourism engagement to enhance tourists to revisit and recommend to the other potential tourists to visit Ramelau Mountain.
Antimalarial potential of homeopathic medicines against schizont maturation of Plasmodium berghei in short-term in vitro culture
Authors: Rajan Aswathy , Bagai Upma
Published: December 2021

In vitro assessment of antimalarial drug susceptibility of Plasmodium has been a major research success, which has paved the way for the understanding of parasite and rapid screening of antimalarial drugs for their effectiveness. In the present study a preliminary screening to check the antiplasmodial activity of mother tincture (Ï•) and various potencies (6C, 30C, 200C) of homeopathic medicines Cinchona officinalis/china (Chin.), Chelidonium majus (Chel.) and Arsenicum album (Ars.) were done by assessing the in vitro schizont maturation inhibition assay. A significant reduction in the growth of intraerythrocytic stages of P. berghei was observed with decreasing dilution of Ï• and various potencies of Chin., Chel. and Ars. exhibiting a dose dependent effect. Maximum schizont maturation inhibition was observed by Chin. Ï• (1:1), Chin. 30 (1:1, 1:2) and Chel. 30 (1:1) i.e. 80%. The standard drug CQ at 10 ÂµM concentration exhibited 95.4Â±1.6% inhibition of schizont maturation. Ars. 30 (1:1) also have been found to possess strong antiplasmodial efficacy with 75.5Â±2.6% schizont inhibition. The presence of free merozoites in Ars. 200 with weak schizonticidal inhibition activity (40-45%) also pointed towards the ability of parasite to survive in the given drug pressure.
Homeopathy in Brazil: inquiry into its academic production
Authors: EstrÃªla Walcymar , Caetano Rosangela
Published: December 2021

Background: according to the WHO, there is an increasing demand for traditional medicines (TM) that must be answered by governmental health authorities. Although homeopathy is the modality of TM best institutionalized in Brazil, it still faces some obstacles among which the controversial results of meta-analyses of homeopathic clinical trials. Aims: to map out the state of clinical research in homeopathy in the Brazilian university milieu as reflected in doctoral and master dissertations. Methods: specialized databases were searched seeking for doctoral and master dissertations related to homeopathy produced in Brazil between 1985 and 2006. Dissertations were analyzed according to institution; year; research area; type of production; regional distribution and research subject. Dissertations dealing with evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment were further evaluated as to their aims, methods and results. Results: in the 20 years between 1985 and 2006, 161 dissertations were defended related to homeopathy. Most academic productions dated from the 2000s, particularly 2005-6; 77% were related to master degrees; there was a dramatic concentration (92%) in the Southern and South-Eastern regions of Brazil; they covered 10 different areas, the maximum being physical-biological research (20.4%) and the minimum, clinical research (3.7%); from 6 dissertations dealing with the evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment, 3 employed qualitative methods; 1 employed quantitative methods but was in the stage of project; 1 was a standard RCT which evinced positive results of homeopathic treatment in gastroesophageal reflux not related to hiatal hernia; the sixth study was a meta-analysis of the methodological quality of 132 RCTs of homeopathy in infectious disease. Conclusions: The number of projects related to the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment is insignificant and their methods are chiefly qualitative. This suggests that researchers might believe that standard quantitative studies are improper or insufficient to assess the efficacy/effectiveness of homeopathic treatment or to grasp its dimension of integrality.
Self-medication tendencies of patients visiting out-patient departments of Government homoeopathic medical colleges and hospitals in West Bengal, India
Authors: Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil , Ghosh Aloke , Ganguly Subhasish , Arya Jogendra Singh , Choubey Gurudev
Published: December 2021

Background and aims: Self-medication is mostly prevalent in the low- and middle-income population segments of developing countries, thus reflecting the status of health services. Self-medication has frequently been held responsible for inducing drug resistance, higher cost of further treatment, and other complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes self-medication in rural and remote areas to reduce the burden of health services. In this study, the researchers sought to establish the prevalence, consequences, and causes of self-medication. Methods: Multicenter, institution-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 456 participants in May, 2013 at the outpatient clinics of 2 Government homeopathic medical colleges in West Bengal, India. A pilot-tested structured questionnaire consisting of 12 self-administered questions in local vernacular Bengali was used; 8 were close-ended questions providing multiple answer options, while 4 were open-ended. Results: Overall, 12.7% of interviewees admitted to perform self-medication; 57.7% and 66.0% had appropriate knowledge of the medicines and dose regimens, respectively. Females (64.3%) predominated and self-medication was mostly found in age range 31-45 years old (32.5%). Conventional Western medicine (82.2%) was most preferred therapy, and fever (35.7%), hyperacidity (25.4%) and loose stool (24.3%) the most frequently reported complaints. The main causes for self-medication were feeling no need to consult doctor (32.5%), busy schedule (16.4%), family members advice (16.0%), over-the-counter (OTC) availability of medicines without prescription (12.5%), direct consumer pharmaceutical advertisement (12.1%), and high expenditure in private institutes (10.1%). The chi-square distribution of determinants across the two samples differed significantly. The tendency increased proportionately with literacy (Yatesâ€™ Ï‡2=175.731; p=0.000) and poverty (Yatesâ€™ Ï‡2=426.817; p=0.000). Conclusion: The results reflect the knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication among the participants. Further studies should be undertaken in larger samples and different populations.
Homoeopathic treatment of vitiligo: an open observational pilot study
Authors: Ganguly Subhasish , Saha Subhranil , Koley Munmun , Mondal Ramkumar
Published: December 2021

Background: Vitiligo is a common hypopigmentation disorder with significant psychological impact. An evaluation of homeopathic treatment was performed in individuals with vitiligo in a hospital outpatient clinic in West Bengal, India. Methods: Thirty participants (median age 27 years old, 57% female) were recruited for a prospective open-label pilot study and treated with individualized homeopathic medicines for 6 months. Efficacy was assessed after 3 months and 6 months using Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score, Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) score, and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, which are validated outcome measures evaluating the area, intensity, spread of depigmentation of vitiligo lesions, and quality of life (QoL). Results: A total of 27 participants completed the trial; 3 dropped out. After 6 months of treatment, the median VASI total score improved significantly by 0.1 units (p=0.003), from 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) to 0.7 (0.3, 0.8) on a scale from 0 (no depigmentation) to 100 (completely depigmented). Similarly, the VETF median score improved by 2 units (p=0.0001) from 1 (0, 1) to â€“1 (â€“1, 0) and the staging score changed from 1 (1, 2) to 1 (0, 1), p=0.002. The total DLQI median score exhibited significant reduction from 21 (17, 22) to 13.6 (10, 17), change 7.4 (p=0.0001), as also did its components. Conclusions: Individualized homeopathic treatment associated with significant improvement of VASI, VETF and DLQI scores. The extent to which the observed effects were due to placebo needs clarification in future randomized double-blind clinical studies preceded by feasibility studies.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry, India registration number CTRI/2013/08/003879.
Ellinaite, CaCr2O4, a new natural post-spinel oxide from Hatrurim Basin, Israel, and Juína kimberlite field, Brazil
Authors: Sharygin Victor V. , Britvin Sergey N. , Kaminsky Felix V. , Wirth Richard , Nigmatulina Elena N. , Yakovlev Grigory A. , Novoselov Konstantin A. , Murashko Mikhail N.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Ellinaite, a natural analog of the post-spinel phase
β-CaCr2O4, was discovered at the Hatrurim Basin, Hatrurim
pyrometamorphic formation (the Mottled Zone), Israel, and in an inclusion
within the super-deep diamond collected at the placer of the Sorriso River,
Juína kimberlite field, Brazil. Ellinaite at the Hatrurim Basin is
confined to a reduced rankinite–gehlenite paralava, where it occurs as
subhedral grains up to 30 µm in association with gehlenite, rankinite
and pyrrhotite or forms the rims overgrowing zoned
chromite–magnesiochromite. The empirical formula of the Hatrurim sample is
(Ca0.960Fe0.0162+Na0.012Mg0.003)0.992(Cr1.731V0.1833+Ti0.0683+Al0.023Ti0.0034+)2.008O4. The mineral
crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma, unit-cell parameters
refined from X-ray single-crystal data: a 8.868(9), b 2.885(3), c 10.355(11) Å, V 264.9(5) Å3 and Z=4. The crystal structure of ellinaite
from the Hatrurim Basin has been solved and refined to R1=0.0588
based on 388 independent observed reflections. Ellinaite in the Juína
diamond occurs within the micron-sized polyphase inclusion in association
with ferropericlase, magnesioferrite, orthorhombic MgCr2O4,
unidentified iron carbide and graphite. Its empirical formula is
Ca1.07(Cr1.71Fe0.063+V0.06Ti0.03Al0.03Mg0.02Mn0.02)Σ1.93O4. The unit-cell parameters obtained from HRTEM data are as follows: space
group Pnma, a 9.017, b 2.874 Å, c 10.170 Å, V 263.55 Å3, Z=4.
Ellinaite belongs to a group of natural tunnel-structured oxides of the
general formula AB2O4, the so-called post-spinel minerals: marokite
CaMn2O4, xieite FeCr2O4, harmunite CaFe2O4,
wernerkrauseite CaFe23+Mn4+O6, chenmingite
FeCr2O4, maohokite MgFe2O4 and tschaunerite
Fe(FeTi)O4. The mineral from both occurrences seems to be crystallized
under highly reduced conditions at high temperatures (>1000 ∘C), but under different pressure: near-surface (Hatrurim Basin)
and lower mantle (Juína diamond).
Can we use precipitation isotope outputs of isotopic general circulation models to improve hydrological modeling in large mountainous catchments on the Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Nan Yi , He Zhihua , Tian Fuqiang , Wei Zhongwang , Tian Lide
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Issues related to large uncertainty and parameter equifinality have posed
big challenges for hydrological modeling in cold regions where runoff
generation processes are particularly complicated. Tracer-aided hydrological models that integrate the transportation and fractionation processes of water stable isotope are increasingly used to constrain parameter uncertainty and refine the parameterizations of specific hydrological processes in cold regions. However, the common unavailability of site sampling of spatially distributed precipitation isotopes hampers the practical applications of tracer-aided models in large-scale catchments. This study, taking the precipitation isotope data (isotopes-incorporated global spectral model – isoGSM) derived from the isotopic general circulation models (iGCMs) as an example, explored its utility in driving a tracer-aided hydrological model in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin (YTR; around 2×105 km2, with a mean elevation of 4875 m) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The isoGSM product was firstly corrected based on the biases between gridded precipitation isotope estimates and the limited site sampling measurements. Model simulations driven by the corrected isoGSM data were then compared with those forced by spatially interpolated precipitation isotopes from site sampling measurements. Our results indicated that (1) spatial precipitation isotopes derived from the isoGSM data helped to reduce
modeling uncertainty and improve parameter identifiability in a large
mountainous catchment on the TP, compared to a calibration method using discharge and snow cover area fraction without any information on water
isotopes; (2) model parameters estimated by the corrected isoGSM data presented higher transferability to nested subbasins and produced higher model performance in the validation period than that estimated by the interpolated precipitation isotope data from site sampling measurements; (3) model calibration forced by the corrected isoGSM data successfully rejected parameter sets that overestimated glacier melt contribution and gave more reliable contributions of runoff components, indicating the corrected isoGSM data served as a better choice to provide informative spatial precipitation isotope than the interpolated data from site sampling measurements at the macro scale. This work suggested plausible utility of combining isoGSM data with measurements, even from a sparse sampling network, in improving hydrological modeling in large high mountain basins.
Horizontal accuracy assessment of a novel algorithm for approximate a surface to a DEM
Authors: Barrera Domingo , Ibáñez María José , Eddargani Salah , Romero Rocio , Ariza-López Francisco J. , Reinoso-Gordo Juan F.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates the horizontal positional accuracy of a new algorithm that defines a surface that approximates DEM data by means of a spline function. This algorithm allows evaluating the surface at any point in its definition domain and allows analytically estimating other parameters of interest, such as slopes, orientations, etc. To evaluate the accuracy achieved with the algorithm, we use a reference DEM 2 m × 2 m (DEMref) from which the derived DEMs are obtained at 4 m × 4 m, 8 m × 8 m and 16 m × 16 m (DEMder). For each DEMder its spline approximant is calculated, which is evaluated at the same points occupied by the DEMref cells, getting a resampled DEM 2 × 2 m (DEMrem). The horizontal accuracy is obtained by computing the area amongs the homologous contour lines derived from DEMref and DEMrem, respectively. It has been observed that the planimetric errors of the proposed algorithm are very small, even in flat areas, where you could expect major differences. Therefore, this algorithm could be used when an evaluation of the horizontal positional accuracy of a DEM product at lower resolution (DEMpro) and a different producing source than the higher resolution DEMref is wanted.
A Framework of Pan-maps: facilitating a unification of Maps and Map-likes
Authors: Chen Yebin , Ma Ding , Ying Shen , Guo Renzhong , Zhao Zhigang , Li Zhilin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Several new forms of maps and map-likes visualization have emerged owing to the advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, the current cartographic theories are insufficient to guide and support the applications of these new forms of maps and map-likes visualization. Specifically, these forms overstep the cartographic framework and challenge the cartographic theory. In this study, we term these new geovisualisation forms as Pan-maps, thereby proposing a framework to visualize Pan-maps based on time, space, attribute, and user variables. These variables can be divided into basic and compound variables, and a hierarchy among basic and compound variables using their interrelated composition relationships is established. Furthermore, we taken AR map as case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The proposed framework is anticipated to provide theoretical and practical support for Pan-maps design and promote cartography development in the ICT era.
Implementing Augmented reality in Tourism
Authors: Cibilić Iva , Poslončec-Petrić Vesna , Tominić Kristina
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Modern technology is becoming a necessity of many destinations to stay competitive and attractive to the tourist. A new form of technology that is being used increasingly is Virtual and Augmented Reality (AR). The aim of this paper is to display the development of a mobile AR tourism application in urban heritage called PazinAR. Although Augmented Reality has passed the initial hype stage, the technology is just on the verge of being implemented in the tourism industry. This paper describes preparation, design, implementation and execution of prototype touristic application based on Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The application was made using Unity software and AR SDK Vuforia and exported as Android applications. Created application enables overlapping old photos with current view. Furthermore, several significant implications for AR Tourism research and practice are revealed.
Remote sensing based on time variance control in configurable area partitioning
Authors: De Falco Stefano , Fiorentino Giulia
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this paper a sensor data fusion approach for characteristics field monitoring, based on time variance control model, is proposed. Distributed sensing and remote processing are the basic features of the employed architecture. In fact, in order to obtain meaningful information about the temporal and spatial variations, which characterize the field levels of some characteristics (electromagnetic, air pollution, seismic, etc), a distributed network of wireless and mobile smart-sensors has been designed.Starting from the partitioned configuration of a monitored geographic areas, this model allows to take into account the different levels of degradation over time in the sensors' performances associated with the different geographic partitions, progressively increasing the severity of the control. To this end, through the introduction of a reliability curve, a revised traditional control chart for variables is proposed.The proposed approach, further constituting an element of the scientific debate, aims to be a useful operational tool for professionals and managers employed in the environment control.
Testing approaches to visualize land cover/land use changes in time series with Web GIS microservice tools
Authors: Friend Jesse , Jahnke Mathias , Walen Niels , Ramminger Gernot
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Web applications which are high functioning, efficient, and meet the performance demand of the client are essential in modern cartographic workflows. With more and more complex spatial data being integrated into web applications, such as time related features, it is essential to harmonize the means of data presentation so that the end product is aligned with the needs of the end-user. In this paper we present aWeb GIS application built as a microservice which displays various timeseries visualizations to the user to streamline intuitiveness and functionality. The prototype provides a solution which could help to understand various ways in which current web and spatial analysis methods can be combined to create visualizations that add value to existing spatial data for cartographic workflows.
LBS as Vectors of Influence
Authors: Gartner Maximilian
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Due to their technical capabilities and use-cases, LBS can impose autonomy constraints on individuals, both through direct interaction and via indirect means. This essay outlines four main interaction characteristics that constitute LBS as a vector of influence and contextualizes them by mapping them onto a pragmatic framework of autonomy.
The new National Atlas of Hungary – volume Society
Authors: Gercsák Gábor , Kocsis Károly , Nemerkényi Zsombor , Zentai László
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The current volume, National Atlas of Hungary – Society, is Part 3 of the series. It presents the special world of Hungarian society and, according to the availability of data, also that of the Carpatho–Pannonian Area. By combining the tools of statistics, geography and cartography, the maps present the spatial structure accompanied by numerous graphs, photos, texts and infographics.The present volume of the National Atlas, Society, contributes to a much deeper understanding of processes and a better understanding of the relationships between phenomena through the presentation of the spatial diversity of demographic and social processes in historical perspective. This is a significant record of the period also showing the challenges that Hungarian society faces at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. This addition to the National Atlas of Hungary – with its extensive body of knowledge presented in this work – is an important document of great benefit not only togeographers but also to historians, economists, politicians, and all other interested parties.
Mapping the surrounding environment by pupils. Case study: Primary school “Ismail Qemali” in Chair - Skopje
Authors: Idrizi Bashkim , Selimi Neriman
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Cartography in primary schools in the Republic of North Macedonia is present as part of geography subject, for four years from sixth to ninth level, per two hours weekly. Program is limited only on usage of paper maps aimed for learning geospatial phenomena, without information for map making process.Step forward toward increasing the awareness for including mapping in practical part of curricula in geography and other related subjects, are the activities undertaken by the Geo-SEE Institute from Skopje, by giving practical lectures to pupils in Primary School “Ismail Qemali” in Chair municipality, for usage the digital cartography tools via GIS software.Training was designed to be used FOSS for GIS and open geospatial data by teachers and pupils. Field identification and collection of geospatial data based on ortho images and other base materials, as well usage of smart phones have been used as supplementary methodology for establishing geospatial database aimed for map compilation. Voluntary geographic information and crowd sourcing methodologies as opportunities for usage in teaching and learning process in primary schools not only for geography but for all subjects that intersects with geospatial information, were explained to attendees. Within very short period of one and half month, before pandemic on march 2020, pupils achieved to work with basic tools of QGIS software, as well to compile two maps, one geographical map of North Macedonia, and a map of neighbourhood “Topansko Pole (Fushë Topanë)” as city map of the settlement in which the primary school is located.
A generations view on SDG – using the central role of maps
Authors: Jobst Markus , Gartner Georg
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In 2019 the ICA commission on map production and geoinformation management, together with the research group of cartography of the Vienna University of Technology, some schools and the publisher Jobstmedia, have started an initiative to collect the generation´s view on SDG and its expression with maps. The aim is a continuous edited book atlas in print and digital form, which illustrates the range of perspectives on the SDGs and their motivations for establishing a sustainable world (http://sdggeneration.cartography.at/).
A spatial Analysis of Crime and Neighborhood Characteristics in Detroit Census Block Groups
Authors: Amoako Esther Akoto
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Crime has an inherent geographical quality and when a crime occurs, it happens within a particular space making spatiality essential component in crime studies. To prevent and respond to crimes, it is first essential to identify the factors that trigger crimes and then design policy and strategy based on each factor. This project investigates the spatial dimension of violent crime rates in the city of Detroit for 2019. Crime data were obtained from the City of Detroit Data Portal and demographic data relating to social disorganization theory were obtained from the Census Bureau. In the presence of spatial spill over and spatial dependence, the assumptions of classical statistics are violated, and Ordinary Least Squares estimations are inefficient in explaining spatial dimensions of crime. This paper uses explanatory variables relating to the social disorganization theory of crime and spatial autoregressive models to determine the predictors of violent crime in the City for the period. Using GeoDa 1.18 and ArcGIS Desktop 10.7.1 software package, Spatial Lag Models (SLM) and Spatial Error Models were carried out to determine which model has high performance in identifying predictors of violent crime. SLM outperformed SEM in terms of efficiency with (AIC:5268.52; Breusch-Pagan test: 9.8402; R2: 16% & Log Likelihood: −2627.26) > SEM (AIC: 5275.24; Breusch-Pagan test: 9.7601; R2: 15% & Log Likelihood: −2630.6194). Strong support is found for the spatial disorganization theory of crime. High percent ethnic heterogeneity (% black) and high college graduates are the strongest predictors of violent crime in the study area.
Determining traffic congestion utilizing a fuzzy logic model and Floating Car Data (FCD)
Authors: Kalinic Maja , Krisp Jukka M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Traffic congestion is a dynamic spatial and temporal process and as such might not be possible to model with linear functions of various dependent variables. That leaves a lot of space for non-linear approximates, such as neutral networks and fuzzy logic. In this paper, the focus is on the fuzzy logic as a possible approach for dealing with the problems of measuring traffic congestion. We investigate the application of this framework on a selected case study, and use floating car data (FCD) collected in Augsburg, Germany. A fuzzy inference system is built to detect degrees of congestion on a federal highway B17. With FCD, it is possible to obtain local speed information on almost all parts of the network. This information, together with collected vehicle location, time and heading, can be further processed and transformed into valuable information in the form of trip routes, travel times, etc. Initial results are compared with traditional method of expressing levels of congestion on a road network e.g. Level of Service – LOS. The fuzzy model, with segmented mean speed and travel time parameters, performed well and showed to be promising approach to detect traffic congestions. This approach can be further improved by involving more input parameters, such as density or vehicle flow, which might reflect traffic congestion event even more realistically.
Novel Cartographical Designs for Blind and Partially Impaired Students in Kurdistan
Authors: Kareem Zada Ashna Abdulrahman
Published: December 2021

Abstract. It is understood that all human beings need information, including spatial (geospatial) information. It has to be noted that spatial and geospatial information helps people to enrich the knowledge about certain regions. In general, the knowledge is very significant for strengthening orientation ability, which, in turn, affects the level of intelligence. It is believed that the better a person can recognize geographical information the cleverer s/he is. Being able to have the spatial knowledge helps humans to fulfil their basic needs and find solutions to various problems. Present research uses Geographical Information System (GIS) to create paper maps, which can be transferred onto a touch display where the user can choose different keys and settings (such as colour, measurement, etc.) to represent different forms of data. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of digital interactive cartographical novel solutions in improving text and space memorization among visually impaired Kurdish students. The study’s purpose draws from the knowledge that Kurdistan learners and other demographic groups lack an effective multimodal communication map suited to contemporary society’s demands. The research seeks to fill the gap by presenting a strategy for developing interactive tactile maps for the target group to solve the growing problem of visual impairment in Kurdistan. Technologies associated with tactile maps are reviewed and the application of interactive tactile maps for populations, in addition to those who are visually impaired, is also considered. The obtained results are very useful for blind and low sighted users to communicate information through the assistive technologies on the map due to finding the geographical location easily.
Toward a Marine Road Network for Ship Passage Planning and Monitoring
Authors: Kohlbrenner Sean M. , Eager Matthew K. , Phommachanh Nilan T. , Kastrisios Christos , Schmidt Val , Kashyap Amith
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Safety of navigation is essential for the global economy as maritime trade accounts for more than 80% of international trade. Carrying goods by ship is economically and environmentally efficient, however, a maritime accident can cause harm to the environment and local economies. To ensure safe passage, mariners tend to use already familiar routes as a best practice; most groundings occur when a vessel travels in unfamiliar territories or suddenly changes its route, e.g., due to extreme weather. In highly trafficked areas, the highest risk for ships is that of collision with other vessels in the area. In these situations, a network of previously traversed routes could help mariners make informed decisions for finding safe alternative routes to the destination, whereas a system that can predict the routes of nearby vessels would ease the burden for the mariner and alleviate the risk of collision. The goal of this project is to utilize Automatic Identification System data to create a network of “roads” to promote a route planning and prediction system for ships that makes finding optimal routes easier and allows mariners on the bridge and Autonomous Surface Vehicles to predict movement of ships to avoid collisions. This paper presents the first steps taken toward this goal, including data processing through the usage of Python libraries, database design and development utilizing PostgreSQL, density map generation and visualizations through our own developed libraries, an A* pathfinding algorithm implementation, and an early implementation of an Amazon Web Services deployment.
Conic Projections with Three or More Standard Parallels
Authors: Lapaine Miljenko
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The basic property of all map projections is the distribution of inevitable distortions. Conic projections with one or two standard parallels are mentioned in the literature. These are parallels with the property that the distortion of length, area and angles equals zero at each of their points. It turns out that there are conic projections with no standard parallels, as well as those with more than two standard parallels. Such projections exist not only in theory, but examples of such projections can also be constructed.
Automation of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale 1:50 000 of the Main State Topographic Map in Ukraine
Authors: Lazorenko-Hevel Nadiia , Karpinskyi Yurii , Kin Danylo , Lets Olexander
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This research examines the problem of automation of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale 1:50 000 of the Main State Topographic Map in Ukraine for the creation and maintaining the seamless topographic database for national needs, which is located on the Geoportal to ensure the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in Ukraine. The authors determined stages of quality control of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 for the automation one according to ISO 19157:2013 Geographic Information – Data quality. The realized automated quality control of geodatabases of updated digital topographic maps at a scale of 1:50 000 provides high speed and quality of validation: validation of quality data elements; validation of quality metadata; validation of positional accuracy. The software package “Validate” was developed for automation quality control geodatabases of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000 using the Python programming language to verify logical consistency, compliance with the rules of topological relationships between features on the map, availability and content of metadata. The “Validate” can be used for automation quality control geodatabase for any map scale, performing setting according to the requirements of the geospatial models.
50 Years of Sensor-Based Planetary Cartography: Review and Perspectives
Authors: Nass Andrea , van Gasselt Stephan , Hare Trent , Hargitai Henrik
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This contribution provides a concise review of the current developments and challenges in the domain of planetary cartography. Considered to be one of the more exotic branches of cartography, it currently re-positions itself due to (1) an increasing community-centric research interest, but also due to (2) the current development in the field of space exploration led by industry as well as ambitious international countries. Imaging, mapping and cartographic compilation have always been the primary tools for exploring terrain, and while the terrestrial planets have been mapped in some relative detail, planetary cartography is still largely stuck at medium map scales. While planetary cartography shares some similarities with developments in the field of terrestrial cartography, it developed largely differently and thus requires in-depth discussion about how these new challenges can be addressed and eventually solved. Advice and support from the terrestrial cartographic community is highly needed in order to develop sustainable long-term strategies.
Automatic vectorization of rectangular manmade objects: a case study applying OpenCV and GDAL on UAV imagery
Authors: Pál Márton , Vörös Fanni , Kovács Béla
Published: December 2021

Abstract. UAV imagery has a big role in environmental mapping: various indices regarding plant health, soil condition or geological objects can be determined, or 3D models can be built for accurate measurements. Automatic vectorization of satellite images is widely applied nowadays for land coverage determination purposes. However, larger resolution UAV images are hard to process following this theory: too many details result in a long computing time. We propose a FOSS (free and open-source software) analytical solution for detecting and vectorizing quasi-rectangular shaped (mainly manmade) objects on relatively high-resolution images. Our sample area is the cemetery and its surroundings in Istenmezeje, Heves County, Hungary. The graves are good examples of regular, rectangular manmade objects. The traditional cadastral mapping of these sites means a large amount of digitizing work. We have used Python environment for conducting image analysis: delineating and vectorizing the grave outlines for the large-scale mapping of the cemetery. Open-source programming libraries were used during the process: OpenCV and GDAL/OGR. With these tools, we were able to digitize the graves automatically with systematic errors. Approximately 70–80 of 100 graves were correctly recognised (their number varies depending on the adjustable variables: the size and detailedness of the contours to be detected). Our approach is a relatively new methodology in large-scale cartography: computer vision tools have not been used widely for mapmaking purposes. The development of artificial intelligence and open-source tools connected to it may contribute to the broader dissemination of similar methodologies in cartography and GIS.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR MANAJEMEN K3 DENGAN TINDAKAN TIDAK AMAN (UNSAFE ACTION) PADA PEKERJA PT PELABUHAN PENAJAM BANUA TAKA
Authors: Priyohadi Nugroho Dwi , Achmadiansyah Arly
Published: December 2021

Tenaga kerja merupakan salah satu komponen terpenting dalam pelaksanaan proyek dan merupakan aset yang menentukan bagi perusahaan. Oleh sebab dalam menjalankan bisnis usaha yang aman, maka penerapan K3 harus dilaksanakan secara konsisten sesuai dengan UU Keselamatan Kerja No.1 Tahun 1970 dan UU Ketenagakerjaan No. 13 Tahun 2003 yang menyatakan bahwa pengusaha wajib melindungi pekerja dan potensi bahaya yang dihadapinya. Kecelakaan industri adalah kejadian kecelakaan yang terjadi di tempat kerja, khususnya di lingkungan industri. Kecelakaan industri secara umum disebabkan oleh 2 (dua) hal pokok yaitu tindakan tidak aman (unsafe action) dan kondisi tidak aman (unsafe condition). Tindakan tidak aman (unsafe action) adalah kegagalan (human failure) dalam mengikuti persyaratan dan prosedur-prosedur kerja yang benar sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komitmen dan kebijakan K3, perencanaan K3, pelaksanaan K3, serta pemeriksaan dan tindakan perbaikan K3 terhadap tindakan tidak aman pada pekerja PT. Pelabuhan Penajam Banua Taka. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada karyawan PT. Pelabuhan Penajam Banua Taka berjumlah 50 karyawan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh secara serempak komitmen dan kebijakan K3, perencanaan K3, pelaksanaan K3, serta pemeriksaan dan tindakan perbaikan K3 terhadap tindakan tidak aman dengan nilai signifikansi masing-masing variabel sebesar sebesar 0,000 kurang dari taraf signifikansi a = 0,05. Selain itu hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan ada pengaruh secara parsial komitmen dan kebijakan K3, perencanaan K3, pelaksanaan K3, serta pemeriksaan dan tindakan perbaikan K3 terhadap tindakan tidak aman.
KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA PENYEBERANGAN PADA KAPAL MOTOR PENUMPANG PRATHITA PT ASDP INDONESIA FERRY (PERSERO) CABANG KETAPANG DI BANYUWANGI
Authors: Suryantoro Bambang
Published: December 2021

Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan terhadap kepuasan pengguna jasa penyeberangan pada Kapal Motor Penumpang Prathita PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) Cabang Ketapang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pengguna jasa penyeberangan pada Kapal Motor Penumpang Prathita PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) Cabang Ketapang berjumlah 100 orang. Dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan  R Square sebesar 0,632 hal ini menunjukkan 63,2% kepuasan pengguna jasa penyeberangan pada KMP. Prathita dijelaskan oleh variabel kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan dan sisanya sebanyak 36,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian. Variabel kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen diterima yaitu dengan tingkat signifikansi masing-masing kurang dari 0,05. Selain itu hasil korelasi parsial menunjukkan ada pengaruh secara parsial kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan terhadap kepuasan konsumen yairu kualitas layanan sebesar 57,0% dan kepercayaan (X2) sebesar 66,4%.
MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI
Authors: Sinambela Ella Anastasya
Published: December 2021

Tidak semua karyawan merasakan termotivasi dalam bekerja dan memiliki kesan memperoleh dukungan organisasi. Manajemen sumber daya manusia yang tidak memiliki sistem yang baik dapat menyebabkan hal tersebut. Beberapa dampak yang muncul adalah tingkat disiplin, kinerja dan produktivitas yang rendah. Kepuasan kerja pun rendah. Selain itu komitmen organisasi yang diharapkan menciptakan ikatan kerja yang kuat bagi hubungan karyawan dan organisasi tidak dapat memberikan kontribusi yang berarti. Masalah-masalah tersebut merupakan indikasi bahwa karyawan tidak termotivasi dan kurang merasa mendapat dukungan organisasi dalam pekerjaannya. Studi kausalitas ini bertujuan untuk mencari penjelasan hubungan antar variabel motivasi kerja dan kesan dukungan organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasi. Populasi sekaligus sampela dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan perusahaan X Sidoarjo. Dari 236 kuesioner yang disebarkan hanya 183 yang terkumpul dan memperoleh tanggapan secara benar. Hasil analisis menggunakan teknik regresi ganda menunjukkan motivasi kerja dan kesan dukungan organisasi berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap komitmen organisasi dengan masing-masing variable mempunyai nilai signifikansi 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dari dua variabel bebas ditemukan bahwa motivasi kerja merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh dominan.