bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Hypodontia as Clinically Related Dental Anomaly: Prevalence and Characteristics
Authors: Kim Young Ho
Published: September 2010

Objective. Patients with hypodontia are relatively common in clinical dentistry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia of permanent teeth in Korean orthodontic patients and whether such prevalence is associated with the type of dental clinic, patient gender, or the type of malocclusion. Materials and Methods. Over a five-year period, we evaluated 3,055 patients (mean age, 15.1 years; range 9~30) from two geographically separated orthodontic clinics: 1,479 from University Hospital and 1,576 from a private clinic. Hypodontia was diagnosed using panoramic radiographs, clinical examination, and dental casts. Results. The overall prevalence of hypodontia, excluding the third molars, was 11.3%, and there was no statistically significant association with the type of dental clinic, gender, or malocclusion patterns. The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (44.2%), followed by the mandibular lateral incisors (36.6%), and the maxillary second premolars (34.0%). In both sexes, 86.0% of patients with hypodontia were missing one or two teeth. Conclusion. The relatively high prevalence of hypodontia emphasizes the importance of dental examination in early childhood with radiographic screening for hypodontia as standard public oral health policy and warrants further investigation of the orthodontic treatment strategies to prevent resultant oral health impairments of hypodontia.
Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl Azide: A Shelf‐Stable Diazo Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of Azides from Primary Amines
Authors: Suárez José Ramón , Trastoy Beatriz , Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Marín‐Barrios Rubén , Chiara Jose Luis
Published: September 2010

Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide is an efficient, shelf‐stable and cost‐effective diazo transfer reagent for the synthesis of azides from primary amines. The reagent can also be successfully applied to the one‐pot regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles from primary amines by a sequential diazo transfer and azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition process catalyzed by copper. The cycloaddition step can be conducted in an inter‐ or intramolecular way to afford 1,4‐ or 1,5‐disubstituted triazoles, respectively. The atypical 1,5‐regioselectivity under copper catalysis is a consequence of geometrical constraints of the amino‐alkyne substrates used in the intramolecular version. Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl azide offers an advantageous alternative to the better known and most commonly used trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide.
A genomewide linkage study on suicidality in major depressive disorder confirms evidence for linkage to 2p12
Authors: Butler Amy W. , Breen Gerome , Tozzi Federica , Craddock Nick , Gill Mike , Korszun Ania , Maier Wolfgang , Middleton Lefkos T. , Mors Ole , Owen Michael J. , Perry Julia , Preisig Martin , Rice John P. , Rietschel Marcella , Jones Lisa , Farmer Anne E. , Lewis Cathryn M. , McGuffin Peter
Published: September 2010

Suicidal behavior is commonly associated with depression. Twin studies indicate that both suicidality and major depressive disorder (MDD) are heritable. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that the inheritance of suicidality is likely to be independent of the underlying psychiatric disorder, implying a distinct genetic contribution to suicidality. We conducted a genomewide linkage search aiming to detect genomic loci that may harbor susceptibility genes contributing to risk for suicidality in recurrent MDD. Affected sibling pair (ASP) variance components analysis was performed using the Depression Network cohort of 971 ASPs. The quantitative trait measuring suicidality as a broad phenotype, encompassing ideation and suicide attempts, was established from Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interview items. We examined 1,060 genotyped microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 3.3 cM. Empirical thresholds for linkage evidence were set by whole‐genome simulations (LOD = 2.71 for genomewide significance, 1.71 for suggestive linkage). No genomewide significant findings were found. Marker D3S1234 on 3p14 achieved suggestive linkage and yielded a maximum LOD of 1.853 (P = 0.0017), loci 9p24.3 and 18q22‐q23 achieved LOD scores >1.5. We found some support for linkage to 2p12 (LOD = 1.2, P = 0.0087) which was previously implicated in linkage studies of suicidality. Our follow‐up meta‐analysis of five studies showed strong linkage to this region (P = 2 × 10−6). In conclusion, this study analyzed suicidality as a continuous trait in MDD. We found modest evidence for linkage on 3p14. Our meta‐analysis supports previous evidence of linkage to suicidality on 2p12. Some candidate genes in these regions may plausibly be implicated in suicidality. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production and properties of solvent‐cast poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites with carbon nanostructures
Authors: Dottori M. , Armentano I. , Fortunati E. , Kenny J. M.
Published: September 2010

Composites based on carbon nanostructures (CNS) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were produced by solvent casting technique. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were selected, to produce composite films with enhanced properties. The role of CNS type and percentage were investigated in terms of morphological, thermal, mechanical, and dielectrical properties. Composite morphological analysis reveals a good dispersion of CNS, at low and high content. Thermal properties underline the nucleation effect of CNS on PCL polymer matrix. Reinforcing effects in terms of increased tensile modulus were obtained with both nanofillers, but a higher reduction of the ductility was shown in PCL/CNF materials. A higher efficiency to form a conductive network, assessed by AC conductivity, was observed for SWCNTs at concentration lower than 1 wt. % © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology and mechanical properties of binary blends of polypropylene with statistical and block ethylene‐octene copolymers
Authors: Liu Guoming , Zhang Xiuqin , Liu Chenyang , Chen Hongyu , Walton Kim , Wang Dujin
Published: September 2010

In the present work, statistical (EOCs) and block (OBCs) ethylene‐octene copolymers, with similar densities and crystallinities, were used as impact modifiers of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), and the toughening effects of these two types of elastomers were compared. The viscosity curves of EOCs were similar to those of OBCs with equivalent melt flow rate (MFR), enabling a comparison of the viscosity ratio and elastomer type as independent variables. No distinct differences on the crystal forms and crystal perfection of iPP matrix in various blends were observed by thermal analysis. Morphological examination showed that OBCs form smaller dispersed domains than EOCs with similar MFRs. The flexural modulus, yield stress, stress and strain at break showed the same variation tendency for all the investigated polypropylene/elastomer blends. However, the room temperature Izod impact toughness of iPP/OBC blend was higher than that of iPP/EOC blend containing elastomer with the similar MFRs. The experimental results indicated that the compatibility of iPP/OBCs was much higher than that of iPP/EOCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of microwave heating on the polymerization kinetics and application properties of the PMMA dental materials
Authors: Spasojević Pavle , Adnađević Borivoj , Veličković Sava , Jovanović Jelena
Published: September 2010

The effects of heating mode (conventional isothermal heating (CIH) and microwave isothermal heating (MWIH) on the kinetics of polymerization and the properties important for the application (residual monomer, hardness, and water absorption) of three commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) base dental materials were investigated. The degree of monomer conversion was determined by infrared spectrometry. The hardness of the polymerized samples was measured by shore D method, whereas the water absorption was measured gravimetrically. Kinetics models for polymerizations using different heating modes were determined by model fitting method. The rate of the MWIH polymerization was eight times higher compared with the CIH polymerization. The CIH polymerization is found to be the phase–boundary controlled reaction for which the rate of contracting volume is the rate limiting step, whereas MWIH polymerization is found to be the first‐order reaction and the monomer concentration in the polymerization mixture is the rate limiting step. The samples of PMMA base dental materials synthesized by MWIH polymerization exhibit better application properties (hardness and water absorption). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine on magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Yang Qingxiang , Peng Kai , Guo Yabing
Published: September 2010

Poly (4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) brushes had been prepared by the surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of 4‐VP on the surface of 3‐methacryloxyproyltrimethoxysilane (3‐MPS)‐modified magnetite nanoparticles with an average diameter of 30 nm. The grafting polymerization was accomplished by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of 4‐VP, using 4‐hydroxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyl‐oxy (HTEMPO·) free radical as capping agent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) measurement demonstrated that the alkoxysilane initiator layer had formed on the magnetite surface. Gel permeation chromatograph analysis and XPS measurement suggested that the amount of grafted P4VP increases with increasing grafting time. The amount of P4VP grafted on the surface could be determined to be 0.09 chains/nm2 by thermogravimetric analysis. The P4VP‐grafted magnetite particles exhibited the characteristics of multidomain system, distinct from the single domain attributes of the pure magnetite particles. Atomic force‐microscopy analysis revealed the diameter of the grafted P4VP magnetic latex particles is in the range of 120 nm to 150 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Encapsulation of hydrophilic dyes with polystyrene using double miniemulsion technique
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Zhou Shuxue , Chen Min , Wu Limin , Gu Guangxin
Published: September 2010

Hydrophilic dyes, reactive brilliant red K‐2BP (C.I. Reactive red 24), acid fuchsin (C.I. Acid violet 19), and cationic brilliant red 5GN (C.I. Basic red 14), have been encapsulated into hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) latex particles using double miniemulsion technique. In this method, the water droplets containing dyes were first suspended in octane/styrene phase using lipophilic emulsifiers to form a primary miniemulsion. This miniemulsion was further dispersed in water and miniemulsified, followed by polymerization at high temperature to form dye/PS core‐shell colorants. Experimental results show that this technique can cause as high as 80% of encapsulation efficiency for all three dyes, and obviously improve the water‐proofing property and photostability of organic dyes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An investigation into transition metal ion binding properties of silk fibers and particles using radioisotopes
Authors: Rajkhowa Rangam , Naik Radhika , Wang Lijing , Smith Suzanne V. , Wang Xungai
Published: September 2010

Silk is a structural protein fiber that is stable over a wide pH range making it attractive for use in medical and environmental applications. Variation in amino acid composition has the potential for selective binding for ions under varying conditions. Here we report on the metal ion separation potential of Mulberry and Eri silk fibers and powders over a range of pH. Highly sensitive radiotracer probes, 64Cu2+, 109Cd2+, and 57Co2+ were used to study the absorption of their respective stable metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ into and from the silk sorbents. The total amount of each metal ion absorbed and time taken to reach equilibrium occurred in the following order: Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+. In all cases the silk powders absorbed metal ions faster than their respective silk fibers. Intensive degumming of the fibers and powders significantly reduced the time to absorb respective metal ions and the time to reach equilibrium was reduced from hours to 5–15 min at pH 8. Once bound, 45–100% of the metal ions were released from the sorbents after exposure to pH 3 buffer for 30 min. The transition metal ion loading capacity for the silk sorbents was considerably higher than that found for commercial ion exchange resins (AG MP‐50 and AG 50W‐X2) under similar conditions. Interestingly, total Cu2+ bound was found to be higher than theoretically predicted values based on known specific Cu2+ binding sites (AHGGYSGY), suggesting that additional (new) sites for transition metal ion binding sites are present in silk fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Early development of a biodegradable energetic elastomer
Authors: Cossu Claudia , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Lussier Louis‐Simon , Dubois Charles
Published: September 2010

The expected depletion of oil resources and a greater awareness for the environmental impact of plastic products have created a strong interest toward energetic polymers that are not only biodegradable but also obtainable from renewable resources. In this work, a copoly(ester/ether) was synthesized from polyepichlorohydrin and sebacoyl chloride using pyridine as a Lewis‐base catalyst. The chlorinated polymer was azidified with NaN3 in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The success of the reaction was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Two types of polyurethane networks were synthesized from the nonenergetic and the energetic copolymers, adding polycaprolactone triol and using L‐lysine diisocyanate as a nontoxic curing agent. The two resulting polyurethanes were soft thermoset elastomers. The polyurethanes were chemically and mechanically characterized, and their biodegradability was evaluated in compost at 55°C. The nonenergetic and the energetic polyurethanes showed a glass‐transition temperature of −14°C, and −23°C, respectively. The weight loss of the polyurethanes during the composting experiments was monitored. It increased almost linearly with time for both materials. After 20 days, the nonenergetic samples lost about 50% of their mass because of the biodegradation mechanism. Instead, the energetic elastomers lost only about 25% of their initial mass after 25 days. The experimental results revealed that the azide pendant group in the soft segment (the polyether segments) is the main factor that controls the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of these polyurethane networks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Differential scanning calorimetric examination of melamine–formaldehyde microcapsules containing decane
Authors: Alič Branko , Šebenik Urška , Krajnc Matjaž
Published: September 2010

The main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of microcapsules and the degree of curing of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin, which formed a shell of microcapsules, by the use of differential dynamic calorimetry (DSC). For this purpose, decane was chosen as core material. The microencapsulation of decane with MF resin was carried out at different temperatures and pH values. The temperature and pH value were kept constant during the process. The composition of the microcapsules and the degree of curing of the shell material were studied during and after the microencapsulation process. DSC analysis, in combination with scanning electron microscopy analysis, was revealed as an effective tool for the investigation of the microencapsulation process with MF resin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Entwurf und Konstruktion der Egg‐Graben Brücke
Authors: Berger Johannes , Bruschetini‐Ambro Sebastian Zoran , David Werner , Mayrhuber Thomas
Published: September 2010

Aufgrund der hohen Erhaltungskosten von Brücken gibt es mittlerweile unterschiedliche Ansätze, um die Dauerhaftigkeit zu erhöhen. Vorgespannte Brücken ohne Betonstahl stellen hierfür einen neuen Ansatz dar. Zur Erforschung des Tragverhaltens solcher Strukturen wurde ein Forschungsprojekt gestartet und Großversuche durchgeführt. Die Landesbaudirektion Salzburg war von dieser innovativen Idee überzeugt und hat deshalb die Technologie beim Bau der Egg‐Graben Brücke ausgeschrieben. Die Egg‐Graben Brücke ist eine im Grundriss gekrümmte Bogenbrücke mit einer Länge von 50 m. Nach einer Bauzeit von 18 Monaten erfolgte im November 2009 die Freigabe für den Verkehr. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt die Technologie, den Entwurf sowie die beim Bau der Brücke gesammelte Erfahrung.

Design and Construction of the Egg‐Graben Bridge

Due to the high maintenance costs of bridges, there are now various approaches to enhance the durability. Post tensioned bridges without steel reinforcement represent one of these approaches. To investigate the structural behaviour of such constructions, a research project was started and large‐scale tests were carried out. The government of the province of Salzburg could be convinced of this innovative technology and tendered out the method for the construction of the Egg‐Graben Bridge. For the arch bridge, which is curved in plan, the superstructure is prestressed without using further steel reinforcement. After a construction period of 18 months the bridge was opened to traffic in November 2009. The paper describes the technology, the design and the experience gained from the construction of the bridge.
Stahlbetonbauteile unter einer kombinierten Beanspruchung aus Last und zentrischem Zwang
Authors: Maurer Reinhard , Djouahra Gudrun
Published: September 2010

Im Allgemeinen führt eine linear elastische Berechnung von Biegebauteilen zu brauchbaren und hinreichend genauen Ergebnissen bei der Bestimmung der Schnittgrößen als Grundlage für die Bemessung der Querschnitte. Grundsätzlich anders verhält es sich dagegen mit den Schnittgrößen infolge von Zwang und den Durchbiegungen, die beide von den absoluten Steifigkeiten abhängig sind. Daher sind in diesen Fällen für eine realitätsnahe Berechnung nichtlineare Verfahren anzuwenden. Dabei sind die Einflüsse aus einer Rissbildung (Steifigkeitsabfall) sowie aus dem Kriechen und Schwinden des Betons zu berücksichtigen.

Auf eine besondere Problemstellung führt dabei die kombinierte Beanspruchung infolge von Last und Zwang. DIN 1045‐1 enthält Näherungen als Regelungen, sowohl für die Begrenzung der Durchbiegungen, als auch der Rissbreiten unter einer kombinierten Beanspruchung. Es stellt sich u. a. die Frage nach deren Gültigkeitsgrenzen.

Reinforced Concrete Elements subjected to a Combined Effect of Action due to Load and Centric Restraint

In general a linear elastic analysis for bending members is useful and suitable for the determination of internal forces and moments as basis for design. This is fundamentally different in case of internal forces due to restraint and deflections, which requires a realistic non‐linear calculation. The influences of cracking, creeping and shrinkage definitely have to be considered. A special problem results from the combined subjection to load and restraint. Concerning this matter, the standard DIN 1045‐1 comprehends approximate rules for the deflections as well as for the crack control under the combined effects. The point is their limit of validity.
Industrialisiertes Planen im Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonfertigteilbau
Authors: Molz Markus , Wehrle Günter
Published: September 2010

In dem vorliegenden Bericht wird die Einführung der 3D Planung zusammen mit der Erzeugung von komplexen automatischen Elementplänen für den Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonfertigteilbau erläutert. Die angewendete Methode basiert auf der Erstellung eines einfachen 3D Volumenmodells, welches durch die Hinzufügung von Attributen zu einem 3D Modell aus intelligenten “Elementen” wird. Aus diesen “iParts” werden danach, basierend auf der Elementplantechnologie, “prüffähige” Elementpläne bei verringerter Planungszeit und hoher Planqualität erzeugt.

Nebeneffekte wie 3D PDF zur Kommunikation mit den Auftraggebern und den weiteren Fachplanern sowie die Erzeugung von Maschinendaten werden dadurch ermöglicht und führen zu einer höheren Akzeptanz bei den Projektbeteiligten. Die Bereitstellung von 3D Planungsdaten via Internet an den Auftraggeber ist derzeit noch ungewöhnlich, dürfte sich jedoch in der Zukunft durchsetzen.
Researching Sexual Revictimisation: Associated Ethical and Methodological Issues, and Possible Solutions
Authors: Wager Nadia
Published: September 2010

This paper has been inspired by the processes of preparing for ethical scrutiny and seeking ethical approval for a series of studies examining causal mechanisms that might facilitate sexual revictimisation. The focus here is on just four of the issues that arose in the context of the first study: a web‐based survey. One of the aims of the survey is to test whether victims of child sexual abuse who experienced a period of psychogenic or dissociative amnesia demonstrate an exaggerated risk for adolescent/adult sexual assault during this amnesic phase. That is, cases where survivors report ‘suddenly remembering’ in adulthood that they were abused as children, but state that prior to this ‘remembering’ they had no prior knowledge of their abuse. The study design is considered to be the first ethical issue. To enhance the methodological robustness a strategy has been employed to reduce the erroneous inclusion of currently amnesic participants in the non‐abused comparison group. Secondly, consideration is given to the likely harms and benefits that might be incurred or bestowed upon the participants. Thirdly, problems of both re‐traumatisation and vicarious traumatisation in relation to the researcher are contemplated and juxtaposed against the possibility of the facilitation of post‐traumatic growth and a personal shift towards wisdom and generativity. Finally, the survey title was originally criticised as negating ‘fully’ informed consent and a defence is therefore offered that ultimately gained ethical approval. It is hoped that these deliberations and insights may prove useful to others in planning their own research and ethics proposals.
Atropisomerism of Aromatic Carbamates
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Schuster Heiko J. , von Hof J. Marian , Hampel Sonja M. , Colunga Juan F. , John Michael
Published: September 2010

ortho‐Haloarylcarbamates like 1–4 show a high rotational barrier about the Naryl bond of up to 91.6 kJ mol−1 as found for 1, which was determined by 2D exchange NMR spectroscopy (EXSY). It was further demonstrated that the height of the barrier not only depends on the substituents at the axis of chirality, but is also influenced by electronic effects.
Micro‐ to Macroscopic Observations of MnAlPO‐5 Nanocrystal Growth in Ionic‐Liquid Media
Authors: Ng Eng‐Poh , Itani Lama , Sekhon Satpal Singh , Mintova Svetlana
Published: September 2010

Micro‐ and macroscopic studies of nucleation and growth processes of MnAlPO‐5 nanosized crystals under ionothermal synthesis conditions are reported herein. The samples treated at 150 °C were extracted from the reaction mixture at various stages of crystallization, and characterized by XRD; SEM; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); 31P and 27Al solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, Raman, UV/Vis, and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The starting raw materials (alumina, manganese, and phosphorous) were dissolved completely in the ionic liquid and transformed into an amorphous solid after 5 h of ionothermal treatment. This amorphous solid then undergoes structural changes over the following 5–25 h, which result in an intermediate phase that consists of octahedral Al species linked to the manganese and phosphate species. The first MnAlPO‐5 nuclei on the surface of the intermediate can be observed after 50 h ionoheating. These nuclei further grow, as the surface of the intermediate is in full contact with the ionic liquid, to give crystalline MnAlPO‐5 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 80 nm. The crystals become fully detached from the intermediate and are then liberated as discrete particles after 90 h heating. The transformation process from amorphous to intermediate and then to the crystalline MnAlPO‐5 nanoparticles shows that nucleation starts at the solid–liquid interface and continues through surface‐to‐core reversed‐growth until the entire amorphous solid is transformed into discrete nanocrystals.
Effect of pH and Counterions on the Encapsulation Properties of Xenon in Water‐Soluble Cryptophanes
Authors: Berthault Patrick , Desvaux Hervé , Wendlinger Thierry , Gyejacquot Marina , Stopin Antoine , Brotin Thierry , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Boulard Yves
Published: September 2010

In the 129Xe NMR‐based biosensing approach in which the hyperpolarized noble gas is transported to biological receptors for a sensitive molecular imaging, cryptophanes are excellent xenon host systems. However to avoid formation of self‐organized systems, these hydrophobic cage molecules can be rendered water soluble by introduction of ionic groups. We show that the sensitivity of xenon to its local environment and the presence of these ionic functions can lead to interesting properties. For a first water‐soluble cryptophane derivative, we show that a precise monitoring of the local pH can be performed. For a second cryptophane, the presence of ionic groups close to the cryptophane cavity modifies the xenon binding constant and in–out exchange rate. The latter allows the tuning of physical properties of xenon–cryptophane interactions without resorting to a change of the cavity size. These results open new perspectives on the influence of chemical modifications of cryptophanes for optimizing the biosensor properties.
An Ir–Pt Catalyst for the Multistep Preparation of Functionalized Indoles from the Reaction of Amino Alcohols and Alkynyl Alcohols
Authors: Zanardi Alessandro , Mata Jose A. , Peris Eduardo
Published: September 2010

The 1,2,4‐trimethyltriazolylidene (ditz) ligand allows the preparation of homo‐ and heterodimetallic complexes of Pt2 and Ir–Pt. These two complexes have been characterized by means of spectroscopic and diffractommetric techniques. The catalytic activity of these complexes, together with that of other Pt‐based compounds, has been explored in the cyclization–addition of alkynyl alcohols and indoles. The Ir–Pt complex [{PtI2(py)}(μ‐ditz){IrI2(Cp*)}] (py=pyridine; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) allows the combination of an iridium‐mediated oxidative cyclization of 2‐(ortho‐aminophenyl)ethanol to form indoles, with a further step employing a Pt‐based multistep reaction that functionalizes indoles. Our results show that the Ir–Pt complex is a very active catalyst in this new multistep preparation of functionalized indoles from the reaction of an amino alcohol with alkynyl alcohols.
Cationic versus Neutral RuIIN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Latent Precatalysts for the UV‐Induced Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Wang Dongren , Wurst Klaus , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: September 2010

A series of cationic and neutral RuII complexes of the general formula [Ru(L)(X) (tBuCN)4]+X− and [Ru(L)(X)2(tBuCN)3)], that is, [Ru(CF3SO3){NCC(CH3)3}4(IMesH2)]+[CF3SO3]− (1), [Ru(CF3SO3){NCC(CH3)3}4(IMes)]+[CF3SO3]− (2), [RuCl{NCC(CH3)3}4(IMes)]+Cl− (3), [RuCl{NCC(CH3)3}4(IMesH2)+Cl−]/[RuCl2{NCC(CH3)3}3(IMesH2)] (4), and [Ru(NCO)2{NCC(CH3)3}3(IMesH2)] (5) (IMes=1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, IMesH2=1,3‐dimesityl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) have been synthesized and used as UV‐triggered precatalysts for the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of different norborn‐2‐ene‐ and cis‐cyclooctene‐based monomers. The absorption maxima of complexes 1–5 were in the range of 245–255 nm and thus perfectly fit the emission band of the 254 nm UV source that was used for activation. Only the cationic RuII‐complexes based on ligands capable of forming μ2‐complexes such as 1 and 2 were found to be truly photolatent in ROMP. In contrast, complexes 3–5 could be activated by UV light; however, they also showed a low but significant ROMP activity in the absence of UV light. As evidenced by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of the polymers obtained with either 1 or 2 are similar to those found in the corresponding polymers prepared by the action of [Ru(CF3SO3)2(IMesH2)(CH‐2‐(2‐PrO)‐C6H4)], which strongly suggest the formation of Ru‐based Grubbs‐type initiators in the course of the UV‐based activation process. Precatalysts that have the IMesH2 ligand showed significantly enhanced reactivity as compared with those based on the IMes ligand, which is in accordance with reports on the superior reactivity of IMesH2‐based Grubbs‐type catalysts compared with IMes‐based systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Technetium‐99 MAS NMR Spectroscopy of a Cationic Framework Material that Traps TcO‐4 Ions.
Authors: Yu Ping , Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Depmeier Wulf , Hobbs David T. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Phillips Brian L. , Casey William H.
Published: September 2010

The behavior of TcO‐4 ions within [(ThB5O6(OH)6)(BO(OH)2)] ·2.5H2O (I), a material capable of sequestering the TcO‐4 ion, is investigated by 99Tc MAS NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Band‐Gap Tunable (Cu2Sn)x/3Zn1‐xS Nanoparticles for Solar Cells.
Authors: Dai Pengcheng , Shen Xiangna , Lin Zhaojun , Feng Zhenyu , Xu Hui , Zhan Jinhua
Published: September 2010

(Cu2Sn)x/3Zn1‐xS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) nanocrystals with widely tunable bandgaps (1.23—3.48 eV) are solvothermally synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of CuCl2, SnCl2, ZnCl2, and thiocarbamide in ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane with Preferential B—H Activation.
Authors: Kim Sung‐Kwan , Han Won‐Sik , Kim Tae‐Jin , Kim Tae‐Young , Nam Suk Woo , Mitoraj Mariusz , Piekos Lukasz , Michalak Artur , Hwang Son‐Jong , Kang Sang Ook
Published: September 2010

[Pd(allyl)]BF4 (I), [Pd(allyl)(2,4‐hexadiene)]BF4 (II), and [Pd(MeCN)4](BF4)2 (III) catalyze the dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 most efficiently with a release of 2.0 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodimerization of an Oxoboryl Complex Induced by trans Ligand Abstraction.
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Radacki Krzysztof , Schneider Achim
Published: September 2010

The abstraction of Br from (I) induces instant cyclodimerization to the ionic compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electronic Effects of Oxazolidine Ligands Derived from (1R,2S)‐Ephedrine in the Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Blocka Ewelina , Jaworska Magdalena , Kozakiewicz Anna , Welniak Miroslaw , Wojtczak Andrzej
Published: September 2010

A range of ephedrine‐derived enantiopure oxazolidines (I) is prepared and studied in the diethylzinc addition towards aldehydes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Bicyclic cis‐Dihydroarenediols, cis‐4‐Hydroxyscytalones, and Bicyclic Conduritol Analogues.
Authors: Mukherjee Parag , Roy Soumya J. Singha , Sarkar Tarun K.
Published: September 2010

The enantioselective approach to dihydronaphthalenediols (VIIa)‐(VIIb), isoquinolinediol (VIIc), enantiomeric phenolic ether derivative (IX) of natural cis‐6‐deoxy‐4‐hydroxyscytalone, and heterobicyclic conduritol derivative (X) involves the Barrett asymmetric hydroxyallylation method using B‐methoxydiisopinocampheylborane as chiral auxiliary, followed by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of the acetonide‐protected diols (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitrodienes Catalyzed by the Efficient Organocatalyst System of Pyrrolidinyl‐thioimidazole and Chiral Thioureido Acid.
Authors: Li Zhao‐Bo , Luo Shu‐Ping , Guo Yi , Xia Ai‐Bao , Xu Dan‐Qian
Published: September 2010

The structure of the chiral thioureido acid is optimized to give the Michael adducts, e.g. (III), (V) or (VII), in up to 98% d.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions Consisting of Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,2‐Alkyl Migration.
Authors: Li Wenbo , Li Yuying , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2010

A cationic gold(I)‐catalyzed domino reaction involving highly regio‐ and stereoselective 1,2‐alkyl migration and heterocyclization or oxygen transfer is developed, in which the product selectivity is controlled by the counteranion of the gold catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Diacetoxylation of Alkenes via Pd(II)/Pd(IV) Process with Peracetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Park Chan Pil , Lee Joo Ho , Yoo Kyung Soo , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: September 2010

Pd(OAc)4, generated in situ, is proposed to be the reactive species which undergoes syn addition to various olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Triiodide Catalyzed Direct Hydroallylation of Esters.
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Saito Takahiro , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: September 2010

A new type of hydroallylation of esters is accomplished by using InI3 as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Stereocontrolled Preparation of Amino Polyols from 2,3‐Aziridine Alcohols.
Authors: Righi Giuliana , Ferrara Angela , Mari Alessandra , Bovicelli Paolo
Published: September 2010

Starting from racemic 2,3‐aziridine alcohols (I) and exploiting highly regio‐ and stereocontrolled elaborations, a novel and versatile approach to amino polyols such as (IX) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Route to the Diisocyanate Building Block 1,4‐Diisocyanato‐4‐methylpentane (DIMP).
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Baldwin Lawrence C.
Published: September 2010

Diisocyanate (VIII) is regioselectively synthesized starting from isobutyronitrile in six steps using a double Curtius rearrangement as the key reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Angularly Fused Triquinanes from Linear Substrates Through Trimethylenemethane Diyl [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Lee Hee‐Yoon , Jung Yongsik , Yoon Yeokwon , Kim Byung Gyu , Kim Yeonjoon
Published: September 2010

The method bears the potential a the synthesis of angularly fused triquinanes found in natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Six‐Membered Rings: Mukaiyama—Aldol—Prins Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Li Hao , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: September 2010

Three to four stereogenic centers are constructed in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds to the Corresponding Anilines.
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Boukherroub Rabah , Rahimifard Mahshid , Bolourtchian Mohammad
Published: September 2010

The Pd‐catalyzed reduction of a range of aromatic nitro compounds is smoothly achieved with Et3SiH—EtOH in short reaction times (10 ‐ 60 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. A Mild and Efficient Catalytic Mannich‐Type Reaction as a Simple Access to N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl β‐Amino Ketones
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Gandolla Chinna , Balasubramanyam Penagaluri , Veeranjaneyulu Boyapati
Published: September 2010

as important substructures of various medicinally important substances
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aliphatic Amines with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Teo Yong‐Chua
Published: September 2010

An optimized catalytic system is developed for the N‐arylation of primary and secondary amines with aryl bromides and iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Allyl Acetates from Allenes.
Authors: Husinec Suren , Jadranin Milka , Markovic Rade , Petkovic Milos , Savic Vladimir , Todorovic Nina
Published: September 2010

The process results in formation of allyl acetates as isomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Neat Procedure for the Petasis Reaction.
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: September 2010

The three‐component reaction under solvent‐less conditions affords the products generally in excellent yields and avoids purification by column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Promoted by Cobalt or Manganese Nanoparticles.
Authors: Nador Fabiana , Moglie Yanina , Vitale Cristian , Yus Miguel , Alonso Francisco , Radivoy Gabriel
Published: September 2010

Partial reduction of a variety of polycyclic (het)aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved in a simple and efficient manner.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of the Potent β‐Blocker ICI‐118,551 Allows the Determination of Enantiomer Dependency on Biological Activity.
Authors: Baker James R. , Hothersall J. Daniel , Fitzmaurice Richard J. , Tucknott Matthew , Vinter Andy , Tinker Andrew , Caddick Stephen
Published: September 2010

A highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of the title compound is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrogenerated NHC as an Organocatalyst in the Staudinger Reaction.
Authors: Feroci Marta , Chiarotto Isabella , Orsini Monica , Inesi Achille
Published: September 2010

An electrochemical methodology for the synthesis of β‐lactams (III) via the Staudinger reaction directly from imines (II) and acyl chloride (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of New 2‐Acylamino‐3‐thiophenecarboxylic Acid Dimers as Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Yamaoka Nagahisa , Kawano Yasuhiko , Izuhara Yuko , Miyata Toshio , Meguro Kanji
Published: September 2010

It is shown that compounds possessing bulky or/and hydrophobic substituents on both the thiophene rings exhibit potent PAI‐1 inhibitory activities irrespective of the positions of the substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrroles Catalyzed by Acidic Resin under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Yuan Shi Zhen , Liu Jin , Xu Ling
Published: September 2010

The catalyst corresponds to Amberlite 200 and Lewatit SP‐210 and can be recycled on treatment with hydrochloric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfonylation of Indoles and 7‐Azaindoles Using Sodium tert‐Butoxide.
Authors: Chaulet Charlotte , Croix Cecile , Basset Joan , Pujol Maria‐Dolores , Viaud‐Massuard Marie‐Claude
Published: September 2010

The optimized conditions allow the deprotection of a broad spectrum of substrates without affecting the functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Aqueous Wittig Reactions: Organic‐Solvent‐ and Protecting‐Group‐Free Chemoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: McNulty James , Das Priyabrata , McLeod David
Published: September 2010

A variety of triethylallyl and triethylbenzyl phosphonium bromides is prepared with nearly quantitative yields by the direct reaction of triethylphosphane hydrobromide and alcohols under conventional heating and neat conditions [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodentate N‐Ligand‐Directed Bifunctional Transition‐Metal Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Guo Fengfeng , Lai Guoyin , Xiong Shunshun , Wang Sujing , Wang Zhiyong
Published: September 2010

A new catalyst system for Friedel—Crafts alkylation of indoles with various aromatic nitroalkenes is developed which crucially consists of an achiral monodentate N‐ligand piperidine and chiral ligand CHBA.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindole Derivatives: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Amination of 3‐Substituted 2‐Oxindoles with a Chiral Scandium Complex.
Authors: Yang Zhigang , Wang Zhen , Bai Sha , Shen Ke , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2010

The present new method for the α‐amination of 3‐substituted oxindoles with azodicarboxylates is catalyzed by a chiral Sc(OTf)3/N,N′‐dioxide complex generated in situ to afford optically active 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Automated Generation and Reactions of 3‐Hydroxymethylindoles in Continuous‐Flow Microreactors.
Authors: Tricotet Thomas , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: September 2010

An efficient access to 3‐hydroxymethylindoles (III) by using homogeneous continuous‐flow microreactor technology is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed Photochemical or Thermal Reactions of 3‐(2‐Azidobenzylidene)lactams. Application to the Synthesis of Fused Indoles.
Authors: Shi Zongjun , Ren Yuwei , Li Bing , Lu Shenci , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2010

A copper‐catalyzed photochemical cyclization/ring expansion reaction is developed for the preparation of a variety of fused indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Acyl Coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 Inhibitors — Synthesis and Biological Activities of N‐(Substituted heteroaryl)‐4‐(substituted phenyl)‐4‐oxobutanamides.
Authors: Nakada Yoshihisa , Ogino Masaki , Asano Kouhei , Aoki Kazuko , Miki Hiroshi , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Kato Koki , Masago Minori , Tamura Norikazu , Shimada Mitsuyuki
Published: September 2010

A series of novel N‐(substituted hetaryl)‐4‐aryl‐4‐oxobutanamides are designed, synthesis and evaluated for their activity against DGAT‐1 enzyme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antileukemic Activity of 1‐((S)‐2‐Amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol‐6‐yl)‐3‐(substituted phenyl)urea Derivatives.
Authors: Prasanna Doddakunche S. , Kavitha Chandagirikoppal V. , Vinaya Kambappa , Ranganatha Somasagara R. , Raghava Byregowda , Kumar Yelekere C. Sunil , Raghavan Sathees C. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: September 2010

Urea derivatives (III) (9 examples) demonstrate moderate to good inhibitory activity against human leukemic cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Chlorosuccinimide/1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Pardeshi Santosh P. , Patil Sachin S. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: September 2010

A NCS and DBU mixture is found to be suitable for the preparation of various 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles from aroyl hydrazones via oxidative cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 4‐Substituted 5H‐1,2,3‐Dithiazoles with Primary and Secondary Amines: Fast and Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,5‐Thiadiazoles, 2‐Iminothioacetamides and 2‐Oxoacetamides.
Authors: Konstantinova Lidia S. , Bol'shakov Oleg I. , Obruchnikova Natalia V. , Golova Svetlana P. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Rakitin Oleg A.
Published: September 2010

Reaction of aryl‐substituted dithiazolethiones (I) and ‐ones (VI) with primary amines proceeds with recyclization to give thiadiazolethiones (III) and ‐ones (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxa‐Pictet—Spengler Reaction in Water. Synthesis of Some (.+‐.)‐1‐Aryl‐6,7‐dimethoxyisochromans.
Authors: Saeed Aamer
Published: September 2010

The products are directly filtered off without further work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrachloropyridines and 2,6‐Diaryl‐3,4,5‐trichloropyridines by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Pentachloropyridine.
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Reimann Sebastian , Erfle Silke , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: September 2010

The method allows the preparation of monoarylated as well as symmetrical or unsymmetrical derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminomethylated 4‐Fluoropiperidines and 3‐Fluoropyrrolidines.
Authors: Verniest Guido , Piron Karel , Van Hende Eva , Thuring Jan Willem , Macdonald Gregor , Deroose Frederik , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: September 2010

Key step of the title synthesis is the regioselective bromofluorination of methylenepiperidines and ‐pyrrolidines (I) with NBS and Et3N·3HF.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Wang Sa , Onaran M. Burak , Seto Christopher T.
Published: September 2010

The target compounds are prepared from the aryl zinc reagents, generated from pinacol boronic esters or boroxines with comparable yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indolizinones via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Sequence.
Authors: Kim Ikyon , Kim Kyungsun
Published: September 2010

Aminopalladation, reductive elimination and 1,2‐shift allow the synthesis of a broad spectrum of indolizinones as an interesting pharmacophore from propargylic alcohols (I) and aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Chiral Non‐Racemic 1,4‐Dihydropyridazines.
Authors: Pitacco Giuliana , Attanasi Orazio A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Felluga Fulvia , Forzato Cristina , Mantellini Fabio , Nitti Patrizia , Valentin Ennio , Zangrando Ennio
Published: September 2010

Direct L‐proline‐catalyzed reaction of diazadienes (I) with benzylic aldehydes provides access towards title dihydropyridazines (III) in moderate enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Assembly of 2,5,6‐Substituted Pyrimidines via MgI2‐Mediated Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Sharma Vasudha , McLaughlin Mark L.
Published: September 2010

A new three‐step procedure is reported for the synthesis of the title esters (V) and amides (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: H3PMo12O40‐Catalyzed Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,6‐Diarylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Pourghobadi Zeinab , Derikvand Fatemeh
Published: September 2010

The catalyst is reused 3 times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Polysubstituted (Pyrazoles, Pyrimidines and Quinolines) Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocycles: Reaction of α,α‐Dioxoketene Dithioacetals with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Ebraheem M. A. , Rai K. M. Lokanatha , Kudva.N N. U. , Bahjat A. S.
Published: September 2010

The method allows an easy access to the synthetically important N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design and QSAR Study of Low Acute Toxicity Biocides with 4,4′‐Dimorpholyl‐methane Core Obtained by Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis.
Authors: Hernandez‐Altamirano Raul , Mena‐Cervantes Violeta Y. , Perez‐Miranda Sandra , Fernandez Francisco J. , Flores‐Sandoval Cesar Andres , Barba Victor , Beltran Hiram I. , Zamudio‐Rivera Luis S.
Published: September 2010

The solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis of eight members of title series (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heteroaromatic Aminations on 5‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐triazines and 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines by Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Pellegatti Laurent , Vedrenne Emeline , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Routier Sylvain
Published: September 2010

Pd‐catalyzed amination of title aryltriazine derivatives (I) proceeds only with anilines of sufficient nucleophilicity.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dialkyl‐N′‐chlorosulfonyl Chloroformamidines in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 8. Novel Pyrazolo‐Fused Oxathiadiazines and Thiatriazoles.
Authors: Forsyth Craig M. , Francis Craig L. , Jahangiri Saba , Liepa Andris J. , Perkins Michael V. , Young Anna P.
Published: September 2010

Reaction of title chloroformamidines (I), (VI) with pyrazolones (II), (VII) gives a mixture of pyrazolo‐fused oxathiadiazine regioisomers (III)/(IV) and (VIII)/(IX), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Azide—Alkyne [3 + 2] Cycloaddition: A Versatile Route for the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole Fused Dibenzo[1,5]diazocine Derivatives.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ray Krishanu , Ganai Sintu
Published: September 2010

The simple procedure allows an easy isolation and purification of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Brazilian Natural Medicines. Part 4. New Noroleanane‐Type Triterpene and Ecdysterone‐Type Sterol Glycosides and Melanogenesis Inhibitors from the Roots of Pfaffia glomerata.
Authors: Nakamura Seikou , Chen Gang , Nakashima Souichi , Matsuda Hisashi , Pei Yuehu , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: September 2010

Isolation and structural elucidation of the new norolenane‐type triterpene, pfaffianol A (Ia), related triterpene glycosides, pfaffiaglycosides A (Ib) and B (Ic), and three new ecdysterone‐type sterol glycosides, pfaffiaglycosides C (IIa), D (IIb) and E (III) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Steroidal Saponins from the Processed Polygonatum kingianum
Authors: Ma Bai‐Ping , et al. et al.
Published: September 2010

[Kingianoside I (I) and K (II)]
ChemInform Abstract: Eantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Isolysergol via Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Deck Jason A. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: September 2010

The approach includes a microwave‐mediated diastereomeric ring‐closing metathesis in the presence of a chiral molybdenum catalyst to create the D ring and the stereocenter at C‐8.