bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the tropical western Pacific
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: February 2019

Three new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are described from shallow waters of Guam (Mariana Islands), Moorea (Society Islands, French Polynesia), and Panglao (Bohol, the Philippines). The description of Salmoneus paulayi n. sp. is based on three specimens collected on reef flats in the vicinity of Guam’s Apra Harbor, Talofofo, and Mangilao. Salmoneus komaii n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen collected at Barracuda Rock, one of Guam’s popular diving sites. Finally, Salmoneus poupini n. sp. is described based on eight type specimens from several sites in the Moorea lagoon and one additional specimen from Panglao. The three new species appear to be closely related to each other, sharing several features on the minor and major chelipeds, the most obvious being the presence of widely spaced teeth on the finger cutting edges of the major chela. In addition, S. paulayi n. sp. is characterised by the presence of rounded, finely striated convexities intercalated between the teeth on the fingers of the major chela; these convexities are present, but much less developed in S. komaii n. sp. and S. poupini n. sp. The closest relative of these three new species appears to be S. sketi Fransen, 1991 from the eastern Atlantic, the only other species of the genus with widely spaced teeth (instead of serrations) on the cutting edges of the major chela.
The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California
Authors: LONSDALE OWEN
Published: February 2019

The Californian species of Liriomyza Mik are revised, including descriptions, illustrations, photographs and a key to species. Sixty-three species are now known to occur in the state, 12 of which are described here as new: L. bispinula, L. conclavis, L. cunicularia, L. merga, L. miserabilis, L. nebulosa, L. parabella, L. phyllodes, L. projecta, L. salpingion, L. tricornis and L. trixivora. Liriomyza virginica Spencer is included as a junior synonym of L. helianthi Spencer, and L. similis Spencer is included as a synonym of L. artemisiae Spencer. Two species are newly recorded in the United States: L. equiseti Meijere, previously known from Canada and Europe, and L. montana Sehgal, previously known from Canada. A number of specimens of L. brassicae (Riley) have been identified as potential new host “races” or species. Morphological characters are provided to diagnose the sister species L. huidobrensis (Blanchard) and L. langei Frick, previously recognizable only on the basis of molecular data. Numerous new state, county and host records are also presented, and hosts are compared for five of the most common North American agricultural pests: L. brassicae, L. huidobrensis, L. langei, L. sativae Blanchard and L. trifolii (Burgess). California contains the highest diversity of Liriomyza known to occur in North America, containing approximately 70% of all described species known from the lower 48 states.
The Muscidae described by J. W. Zetterstedt (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: PONT ADRIAN C. , BERGSTRÖM CHRISTER , PONT ADRIAN C.
Published: February 2019

The 204 species-group names of Muscidae proposed by J.W. Zetterstedt, including the species described by Stenhammar and Wahlberg in Zetterstedt, are reviewed. Excluded from this total are the nomina nuda listed in Zetterstedt (1837, 1845). Of these 204 names, 192 are available names, whilst 10 are unavailable because they are nomina nuda or were proposed in synonymy and not made available before 1961 (Aricia atrata, Anthomyza bicolor, Cyrtoneura coerulescens, Cyrtoneura curvinervis, Anthomyza insignita, Pyrellia luteipennis, Pyrellia parviceps, Aricia pulchella, Anthomyza pusilla, Aricia sororia), and two are unjustified emendations (Anthomyza ocreata, Anthomyza trigonota). Of the 192 available names, 85 are valid species whilst 107 are now placed in synonymy. In this review, 106 lectotypes are designated. Three names are raised from synonymy and are given new status as valid species: Mydaea detrita (Zetterstedt, 1845), Lophosceles impar (Zetterstedt, 1846), and Helina lapponica (Ringdahl, 1918). Fourteen new synonyms are proposed: Anthomyza cingulipes Zetterstedt, 1849 with Anthomyza (now Coenosia) bilineella Zetterstedt, 1838, Anthomyza nigrifemur Zetterstedt, 1845 with Palusia (now Coenosia) testacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Anthomyza cineraria Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyza (now Helina) fratercula Zetterstedt, 1845, Anthomya veterana Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Helina) longicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838), Anthomyza nivalis Zetterstedt, 1838 with Aricia (now Helina) flavisquama Zetterstedt, 1849, Aricia duplaris Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyia (now Helina) obscurata Meigen, 1826, Lonchaea metallica Zetterstedt, 1849 with Anthomyia (now Hydrotaea) capensis Wiedemann, 1818, Anthomyza hians Zetterstedt, 1846 with Musca (now Lophosceles) mutatus Fallén, 1823, Anthomyza electa Zetterstedt, 1860 with Anthomyza (now Mydaea) detrita Zetterstedt, 1845, Anthomyza humeralis Zetterstedt, 1845 and Anthomyza humeralis Zetterstedt, 1860 with Mydaea setifemur Ringdahl, 1924, Anthomyza vicina Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Phaonia) consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838, Aricia fumipennis Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyza (now Spilogona) arctica Zetterstedt, 1838, and Anthomyza hirsutula Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Thricops) innocua Zetterstedt, 1838. Following Reversal of Precedence, Helina flavisquama is preserved as a nomen protectum and Helina nivalis rejected as a nomen oblitum.
New Acrididae from Oaxaca State in Mexico (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae: Ommatolampinae, Melanoplinae)
Authors: FONTANA PAOLO , BUZZETTI FILIPPO MARIA , MARIÑO-PÉREZ RICARDO
Published: February 2019

Two new genera and seven new species, collected in the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, are described. The genera Reyesacris (R. amedegnatoae) and Oaxaca (O. colorata and O. carinata) are new to science. Melanoplus mixes, M. oaxacae and M. ludivinae are new species for the genus Melanoplus Stål, 1873 and Cephalotettix chinantecus is new species for the genus Cephalotettix Scudder, 1897.
Revision of the New Caledonian genus Pseudonthobium Paulian, 1984 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Epilissini)
Authors: MONTREUIL OLIVIER , THÉRY THOMAS
Published: February 2019

A revision of the New Caledonian genus Pseudonthobium Paulian, 1984 is proposed, including the description of seven new species: P. doense new species, P. foveolatum new species, P. genieri new species, P. humboldtense new species, P. monteithianum new species, P. paniense new species, and P. sinuatotibiale new species. A key to the species, illustrations of parameres and male protibia, and a distribution map are provided for all species.
Aphelenchoides paradalianensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated at Guangzhou, China, in packaging wood from South Korea
Authors: CUI RUQIANG , ZHUO KAN , WANG HONGHONG , LIAO JINLING
Published: February 2019

Aphelenchoides paradalianensis n. sp. collected in Guangzhou, China from packaging wood exported from South Korea, is described and illustrated based on morphology and molecular analyses of the ITS regions, the near-full-length small subunit rDNA gene and partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA. This new species has a distinctive tail terminus, possessing a short trunk with two finely rounded and smooth processes of unequal length in the female and a small ventral papilla-like mucronate structure or a short trunk with two fine processes in the male, slightly offset lip region with 6 annules, four incisures in the lateral field, short postuterine sac (extending ca. 13–20% of vulva-anus distance), medium-sized spicules (14.1–18.6 μ m), three pairs of caudal papillae. It is closest to A. dalianensis, but these two species can be distinguished from each other by spicule size and shape, male tail tip shape, postuterine sac length, c ratio and ITS sequence. Molecular analysis reveals that this species has unique ITS, 18S and mt-DNA sequences.
Erratum: Prous, M., Heidemaa, M., & Soon, V. (2011) Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa, 2756, 1–39.
Authors: PROUS M. , HEIDEMAA M. , SOON V.
Published: February 2019

(Erratum)
Taxonomy of Epyris Westwood (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea, with the descriptions of ten new species
Authors: LIM JONGOK , LEE JONGWOOK , KOH SANGHYUN , LEE BONGWOO , Azevedo CELSO O. , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: February 2019

Nineteen Epyris species are recorded from Korea. Ten new species: E. aequalis Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. breviclypeatus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. dulicus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. finitus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. jeonbukensis Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. limatulus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. longiantennatus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. mureungensis Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., E. yetus Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov., and E. sudosanensis Lim et S. Lee, sp. nov. are described from Korea. Hitherto unknown females are described for E. fuscipes (Kieffer 1906) and E. yamatonis Terayama 1999. New synonymy is proposed for E. sauteri (Enderlein 1920) = E. formosus Terayama 2006, syn. nov. New combination is proposed for E. fuscipes (Kieffer 1906), comb. nov. (from Rhabdepyris). Seven species: E. asura Terayama 2006, E. darani Terayama 2006, E. fuscipes (Kieffer 1906), E. idaten Terayama 2006, E. niwoh Terayama 2006, E. sauteri (Enderlein 1920), and E. yamatonis Terayama 1999 are recorded for the first time from Korea. Descriptions, illustrations of diagnostic characteristics for each species are presented with a key to the Korean Epyris species.
A new species of Neolasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Parkinsonia aculeata (Leguminosae) in Argentina for possible use in biological control in Australia, with a key to Neotropical species of Neolasioptera
Authors: GAGNÉ RAYMOND J. , KAY FERNANDO MC , HEARD TIM A.
Published: February 2019

Neolasioptera aculeatae Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described as a new species from stem swellings on Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae) in NW Argentina. The new species appears to be a good candidate for the biological control of its host in Australia, where the plant was accidentally introduced and is currently a serious pest. The species is shown to be distinct from its 64 Neotropical congeners. A preliminary key to these species is offered that can be adapted as more work is done on Neolasioptera.
Nanostructured ZrO2/MWCNT Hybrid Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications in Shielding of Electromagnetic Pollution
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Puravankara Sreeraj
Published: February 2019

ZrO2/MWCNT nanocomposites have been prepared by simple refluxing method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman analysis suggests chemical interactions present between zirconia and Multiwalled carbon nanotube
(MWCNT) in the as prepared nanocomposites. Electromagnetic inteference shielding efficiencies (EMI SE) for the nanocomposites were found to increase with increasing amount of MWCNT loading. Highest EMI SE value of 29.1–30.5 dB was obtained for nanocomposite containing 15 wt% loading
of MWCNT in the microwave frequency range of 2–8 GHz. This optimum performance is due to several factors like highest percentage of intermolecular H-bonding, highly defective, interconnected network structure, high conductivity and dielectric permittivities of the nanocomposites.
Electrodeposited Vanadium Dioxide Films with Unique Optical Property
Authors: Zhu Hongmei , Zhang Zhengjie , Liu Minsu , Fan Weiren , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: February 2019

This study represents a facile but effective electrodeposition method to fabricate vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass at room temperature. The film microstructure (thickness, surface structure, particle size and composition) and relevant
optical properties were investigated by several advanced techniques. The pertinent variables that can affect the thin film formation and structure, such as deposition potential, time and post-treatment annealing temperature were also studied. It was found that the film thickness could be tuned
from 35 to 130 nm by adjusting the potential from −1.22 to −1.35 V, and consequently leading to optical transmittance decreasing from ∼60% to ∼38% in the wavelength of 500–1000 nm, further confirmed by computational simulations using three-dimension (3D) finite-difference
time-domain method. The hysteresis loop of the generated VO2 film on FTO glass shows that the phase transition temperature from monoclinic to rutile is around 73 °C, a little higher than pure monoclinic VO2 (∼68 °C) in this study. This proposed electrodeposition
method is possible to extend into obtaining metal oxide films with tuneable surface properties for thermochromic smart devices.
Synthesis of Phenyl Esters Using SiO2–SO3H Catalyst in Conventional Heating and Microwave-Irradiated Esterification Processes
Authors: Barbosa Sandro L , Ottone Myrlene , Freitas Milton de S , Lima Camila D , Nelson David L , Clososki Giuliano C , Caires Franco J , Klein Stanlei I , Hurtado Gabriela R
Published: February 2019

A SiO2–SO3H amorphous catalyst containing a small surface area of 115.0 m2g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g was prepared from fine construction sand and sodium carbonate and sulfonated with H2SO4. In a 10%
(w/w) basis, it is very efficient for catalyzing the esterification of carboxylic acids with phenol. The reaction processes were performed using conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The yields were higher in the microwave-irradiated esterification. The catalyst could be used
for three esterification sequences in both processes.
Highly Sensitive Picric Acid Chemical Sensor Based on Samarium (Sm) Doped ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Al-Hadeethi Yas , Umar Ahmad , Singh Kulvinder , Ibrahim Ahmed A , Al-Heniti Saleh. H , Raffah Bahaaudin M , Cochis Andrea
Published: February 2019

Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and picric acid chemical sensing application of samarium (Sm) doped ZnO nanorods. The Sm-doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized by facile hydrothermal process and characterized using various analytical methods which confirmed the large-scale
synthesis and wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure for the synthesized nanorods. The doping of Sm ions in the lattices of the synthesized nanorods was evaluated by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The synthesized Sm-doped ZnO nanorods were used as potential scaffold to fabricate
high sensitive and reproducible picric acid chemical sensor based on I–V technique. The fabricated picric acid chemical sensor based on Sm-doped ZnO nanorods exhibited a high sensitivity of 213.9 mA mM−1 cm−2 with the limit of detection of ∼0.228
mM and correlation coefficient of R═0.9889. The obtained results revealed that the facile grown Sm-doped ZnO nanorods can efficiently be used to fabricate high sensitive and reproducible chemical sensors.
The Incorporation of Carbon Element into Nanoporous Anodic Alumina by Pulse Anodization
Authors: Wang Ya , Wang Hai , Wan Wei
Published: February 2019

The incorporation of carbon element into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides from oxalic acid electrolyte was studied. The carbon element content in nanoporous anodic alumina by pulse anodization reaches up to ∼20 at.%, while it remains ∼7 at.% under constant anodization. It was
proposed that the ionic dynamics in nanopores governs the carbon-containing anions incorporation into nanoporous anodic oxides. For the same 20 V resting voltage, the content of carbon element remains unchanged in a broad range of working voltages: 40–150 V. X-ray photoelectron analysis
further revealed that the sp2/sp3 and C–O/C═O ratios increased significantly as the working voltage increased. The color exhibited by the nanoporous anodic alumina was related to the chemical states of the carbon present in the alumina, and not the carbon
content.
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of SiO2/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanofluids
Authors: Amini Faezeh , Miry Seyed Ziaedin , Karimi Amir , Ashjaee Mehdi
Published: February 2019

In this study, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of SiO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) hybrid nanofluids are investigated. The volume fraction of the nanofluids varied in the range of 0.5% to 2%, while the SiO2 to MWCNTs volume proportion is either
95-5 or 90-10. The nanofluids are synthesized using a wet chemical method and a two-step technique is used to disperse nanoparticles in glycerol (base fluid). The thermal conductivities and viscosities of the nanofluids are measured using a modified transient hot-wire method and falling ball
viscometer, respectively. The colloidal stability of the dispersion was investigated visually. Effective application of an ultrasonic disruptor and a suitable surfactant (gum arabic) enhance the dispersion behavior. When the effects of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal conductivity
and viscosity of SiO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) hybrid nanofluids are studied, the results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increased with an increase in the volume fraction and temperature. Further, their viscosities increased with an increase in the
volume fraction but decreased when the temperature increased. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluids increased by 16.7% and 105.4%, respectively, at a volume fraction of 2% and volume proportion of 90-10. The experimental results are compared with those predicted by
classical theoretical models. Two correlations for thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluids are proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
Preparation and In Vitro Cellular Uptake Assessment of Multifunctional Rubik-Like Magnetic Nano-Assemblies
Authors: Zheng Xiawen , Chen Yuejian , Wang Zhiming , Song Lina , Zhang Yu , Gu Ning , Xiong Fei
Published: February 2019

Through self-assembly of nanoparticles into high-order and stable structures of cubic clusters, high drug-loading rubik-like magnetic nano-assemblies (MNAs), possessing folic acid targeting and strong magnetism-enhanced cellular uptake capabilities, were built. In this study, the core
of the cubic drug assemblies consisted of four monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with layers of oleic acid (Fe3O4@OA), simultaneously encapsulating fluorescein, and Paclitaxol (Flu-MNAs and PTX-MNAs) for imaging and therapeutic applications.
To enable preferential tumor cellular uptake by the nanocarriers, the outermost layer of Fe3O4 was functionalized with the new dual-oleic acid-polyethylene glycol-folic acid polymer (FA-PEG-Lys-OA2) as a “shell.” The drug carriers exhibited excellent
stability and biocompatibility, and showed high drug loading and excellent magnetic response In Vitro. Furthermore, preliminary evaluations of the drug carriers with Hela cells showed effective cellular targeting capability. In addition, the cubic assemblies enhanced anticancer efficiency
for Hela cells compared to bare drugs. Especially, the applied external magnetic field further improved the uptake of the vectors, and thereby enhanced the inhibitory effect. In brief, all these results suggested that cubic assemblies could serve as potential strategies for targeted anticancer
therapies.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Study of 1-H-2 (tolylazo) Imidazole (TaiH) Induced by Uncoupled Plasmon of Silver Nano Particles
Authors: Hossain Washim , Sen Chandana , Sinha Chittaranjan , Sarkar Uttam K
Published: February 2019

Raman and SER spectra of 1-H-2 (tolylazo) imidazole (Tai H) are reported for the first time. Monomolecular layer of TaiH is formed on silver nano particles (SNPs) at a concentration of 4.93×10−6 M in Ag-sol. TaiH molecules are adsorbed on to SNPs the through the
imidazole N atom and undergo trans-to-cis dark isomerization as evidenced by the appearance of signature cis-peaks and the UV-Vis absorption spectra. Stable non-aggregated SNPs are resulted by the interaction of TaiH and the particle size is significantly reduced. DFT
calculations based on single Ag-atom model are in excellent agreement with experimental observations.
Combinatorial Research of Molecular Technologies and Surface Nanostructures Applied to the Development of Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Yin Bing , Liu Chaohong
Published: February 2019

Contact antimicrobial coatings have been a subject of increasing interest partly because of the contribution of biocide release coatings to antibiotic resistance. The surface hydrophobicity of these coatings can enhance their effectiveness and stability. In this work, polyethyleneimine
(PEI) was quaternized with 1-bromoalkane and iodomethane, and a concept for antimicrobial coatings was developed on the basis of the polyelectrolyte multilayered films. The multilayered films were endowed with antibacterial property by grafting modified polycation (higher charge density) and
with fouling-release property by constructing microstructures and nanostructures with low surface energy (long alkyl chains). The resultant polycation-coated substrates were able to kill the encountered bacterial cells on contact, and to release the dead bacteria and organic particles. The
conclusion demonstrated that the microbicidal functionality could be imparted onto surfaces using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology by using the right combination of molecular technologies and surface nanostructures, as well as the assembly and/or post-assembly experimental technical
factors.
Self-Assembled Reduced Graphene Oxide-TiO2 Thin Film for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) Under Simulated Solar Irradiation
Authors: Shang Hongyuan , Ma Min , Liu Fasheng , Miao Zhe , Zhang Aiping
Published: February 2019

In this study, reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 (RGO-TiO2) thin film was prepared by a simple self-assembly method at the gas/liquid interface. The as-prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
UV-visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and RGO-TiO2 thin film were investigated via the reduction of Cr(VI) under simulated solar light and visible light (λ > 420
nm) irradiation. The results showed that the RGO-TiO2 thin film exhibited remarkably enhanced activity for photoreduction of Cr(VI) under simulated sunlight or visible light irradiation, with a reaction rate constant of 5.7 times greater than that of pure TiO2 thin film.
The main reason for enhanced photocatalytic activity is that introduction of RGO can restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and reduce the aggregation of TiO2 NPs. The effects of different reaction parameters such as irradiation time, irradiation
source, pH values, catalyst dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration were investigated in detail. The highest photoreduction efficiency of Cr(VI) was achieved and the reduction rate constant k was 0.0189 min−1 during the reduction of 0.5 mg L−1 of Cr(VI)
with 10 cm2 RGO-TiO2 thin film at pH 2.0 and 293 K. Moreover, different scavengers were also added in the photoreduction of Cr(VI) system to identify the reactive species. Based on the results of the present study, a possible mechanism of photoreduction on RGO-TiO2
thin film under simulated solar light was proposed. Overall, this study provides a novel approach to efficiently photoreduction of Cr(VI) by RGO-TiO2 thin film.
Drug Delivery System with Multiple Rare Earth Ions Fluorescent-Labeling Drugs and Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Ping , Song Yanhui , Niu Xufeng , Li Kun , Fan Yubo
Published: February 2019

The bifunctional drug delivery system combining magnetic nanoparticles and fluorophore possesses the characterization of magnetism and fluorescence. However, the accurate tracing of the drug release and diffusion pathway is affected by the separation of drug and fluorescent molecule.
In this paper, we synthesized the fluorescent-labeling drug by covalently binding Aspirin with rare earth ions Terbium (Te) and Gadolinium (Gd), which was incorporated into chitosan microspheres with magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 to prepare magnetic and fluorescent drug
delivery system. Investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and scanning electron microscopy, the chitosan microspheres showed excellent fluorescent and magnetic properties. Compared with the single
rare earth ion complex, the multiple rare earth ions complexes with Aspirin TbxGd1−x(Aspirin)3 · 2H2O (x 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) exhibited superior fluorescent intensity.
Cu3P/C Nanocomposites for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Zn–CO2 Battery
Authors: Peng Mingyue , Ci Suqin , Shao Ping , Cai Pingwei , Wen Zhenhai
Published: February 2019

Exploiting effective electrocatalysts toward electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valued-added chemicals is highly desirable for achieving the global carbon cycle. In this work, we report the synthesis of Cu3P/C nanocomposites by phosphatizing the copper-based
metal organic framework precursor. Systematic electrochemical characterizations demonstrate the Cu3P/C nanocomposites hold high activity and favorable selectivity towards CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into CO, as manifested by an onset potential is about −0.25
V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a faradic efficiency (FE) of 47% for CO production at a relatively low potential (−0.3 V). The attractive catalytic properties might be attributed to the synergistic effect of cooper and phosphorus elements, as well as the unique structure
of Cu3P. Furthermore, we propose an asymmetrical-electrolyte Zn–CO2 battery with the Cu3P/C as cathode catalyst, demonstrating a decent performance with an open-circuit voltage of 1.5 V and a power density of 2.6 mW cm−2 (at 10 mA cm−2).
Methanol Synthesis Using CO2 and H2 on Nano Silver-Ceria Zirconia Catalysts: Influence of Preparation Method
Authors: Pasupulety Nagaraju , Driss Hafedh , Rafiqui Mohammed Raoof A , Al-Zahrani Abdulrahim A , Daous Muhammad A , Ali Arshid M , Zaman Sharif F , Petrov Lachezar A
Published: February 2019

Silver catalysts supported on ceria-zirconia (CZ) mechanically mixed oxide were synthesized by wet impregnation and chelating methods. Nominal loadings of 5 wt.% of Ag was deposited on the CZ support. These catalysts were tested for the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol
with feed gas composition of CO2–H2 = 3:1 at 250 °C, 20 bar total pressure and GHSV of 1800 h−1. The calcined and reduced catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, TPR, SEM-EDS, XPS and FTIR-DRIFTs techniques. Finely deposited silver crystallites
sized in the range of 20–50 nm were observed through SEM and HR-TEM analysis. TPR and XRD studies demonstrated the presence of Ag2O and metallic silver (Ag0) on CZ support. About 10% of CO formation was observed on chelating catalyst (5Ag/CZ CHE). However, only,
5% CO was observed on impregnated (5Ag/CZ IMP) catalyst. The greater CO formation was associated with ease reduction of Ag2O to metallic silver in 5Ag/CZ CHE catalyst. Further, 70% of methanol selectivity was observed on 5Ag/CZ IMP due to the presence of Ag2O on CZ. FTIR-DRIFTs
results revealed the methanol formation via formate intermediates and CO formation via RWGS reaction on the studied catalysts.
Nanostructured Catalysts for Dry-Reforming of Methane
Authors: Macario A , Frontera P , Candamano S , Crea F , Luca P. De , Antonucci P. L
Published: February 2019

The manuscript deals on the main progress achieved by global scientific research on the development of nanostructured catalysts for dry-reforming reaction. The importance to have a global vision on this topic is strictly related to the most currently and important challenges in the
sustainable energy production. In fact, dry-reforming is one of the few known processes in which greenhouse gases are utilized as reactants (methane and carbon dioxide) to produce syngas. Syngas represents the basis for liquid fuel production by Fischer-Tropsch process. In this broad and current
context, the catalyst development plays a pivotal role due to its great influence on efficiency, and therefore on the costs, of the whole process. Several are the aspects to consider during the catalyst design: role of metal, interaction between metal and support, role of promoters and resistance
to the coke deactivation. These issues, as well as the thermodynamics of the process, are the main aspects of which this review speaks about.
An Interactive Online Educational Applet for Multiple Frequencies of Radar Observations
Authors: Nelson Ethan L. , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Igel Adele L. , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: February 2019

Radar is an important tool for investigating and forecasting processes in Earth’s atmosphere. More specifically, multiple frequencies of radar with sensitivities to cloud and precipitation regimes are important for process-level weather and climate studies. An online educational applet (http://lecuyer.aos.wisc.edu/radarlabviewer) has been developed to provide a learning experience about this topic with an intended audience of undergraduate and graduate university–level students. Cloud-resolving model data coupled with a radar instrument simulator provide a three-dimensional view of a midlatitude winter cyclone that is explorable through the applet. This synthetic laboratory environment provides direct comparisons between modeled hydrometeors and simulated instrument observations allowing students to visualize the concepts of attenuation, non-Rayleigh scattering, insensitivity of instruments, and viewing perspective. Variations in the minimum detectable signal of instruments also expose students to the real-world tradeoffs between instrument features and costs. Additional development and formal educational assessment of the applet is planned in the future.
Automated Mapping of Convective Clouds (AMCC) Thermodynamical, Microphysical, and CCN Properties from SNPP/VIIRS Satellite Data
Authors: Yue Zhiguo , Rosenfeld Daniel , Liu Guihua , Dai Jin , Yu Xing , Zhu Yannian , Hashimshoni Eyal , Xu Xiaohong , Hui Ying , Lauer Oliver
Published: February 2019

The advent of the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi NPP (SNPP) satellite made it possible to retrieve a new class of convective cloud properties and the aerosols that they ingest. An automated mapping system of retrieval of some properties of convective cloud fields over large areas at the scale of satellite coverage was developed and is presented here. The system is named Automated Mapping of Convective Clouds (AMCC). The input is level-1 VIIRS data and meteorological gridded data. AMCC identifies the cloudy pixels of convective elements; retrieves for each pixel its temperature T and cloud drop effective radius re; calculates cloud-base temperature Tb based on the warmest cloudy pixels; calculates cloud-base height Hb and pressure Pb based on Tb and meteorological data; calculates cloud-base updraft Wb based on Hb; calculates cloud-base adiabatic cloud drop concentrations Nd,a based on the T–re relationship, Tb, and Pb; calculates cloud-base maximum vapor supersaturation S based on Nd,a and Wb; and defines Nd,a/1.3 as the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration NCCN at that S. The results are gridded 36 km × 36 km data points at nadir, which are sufficiently large to capture the properties of a field of convective clouds and also sufficiently small to capture aerosol and dynamic perturbations at this scale, such as urban and land-use features. The results of AMCC are instrumental in observing spatial covariability in clouds and CCN properties and for obtaining insights from such observations for natural and man-made causes. AMCC-generated maps are also useful for applications from numerical weather forecasting to climate models.
The Predictability of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability: Insights from Attractor Reconstruction
Authors: Ramesh Nandini , Cane Mark A.
Published: February 2019

Tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV), though not the totality of Pacific decadal variability, has wide-ranging climatic impacts. It is currently unclear whether this phenomenon is predictable. In this study, we reconstruct the attractor of the tropical Pacific system in long, unforced simulations from an intermediate-complexity model, two general circulation models (GCMs), and the observations with the aim of assessing the predictability of TPDV in these systems. We find that in the intermediate-complexity model, positive (high variance, El Niño–like) and negative (low variance, La Niña–like) phases of TPDV emerge as a pair of regime-like states. The observed system bears resemblance to this behavior, as does one GCM, while the other GCM does not display this structure. However, these last three time series are too short to confidently characterize the full distribution of interdecadal variability. The intermediate-complexity model is shown to lie in highly predictable parts of its attractor 37% of the time, during which most transitions between TPDV regimes occur. The similarities between the observations and this system suggest that the tropical Pacific may be somewhat predictable on interdecadal time scales.
Intraseasonal Variability of Summer Precipitation in Mexico: MJO Influence on the Midsummer Drought
Authors: Perdigón-Morales Juliet , Romero-Centeno Rosario , Barrett Bradford S. , Ordoñez Paulina
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to understand how the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) modulates the bimodal seasonal rainfall distribution across the regions in Mexico where the midsummer drought (MSD) occurs. The MSD is characterized by a precipitation decrease in the middle of the rainy season. Relative frequencies of each active phase of the Real-time Multivariate MJO index were calculated at each grid point in the high-resolution Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) rainfall dataset for the first (MAX1) and second (MAX2) rainfall peaks and the MSD minimum (MIN). In addition, standardized anomalies of precipitation (from the CHIRPS dataset) and 300-hPa omega, 500-hPa geopotential height, and 850-hPa u- and υ-wind components (from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) were calculated for each MJO phase and each month in the rainy season. Results show that the MIN (MAX2) occurs more frequently during the dry (wet) MJO phases, while the MJO seems not to influence MAX1 significantly. Anomalous anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulations at 850 hPa, positive (negative) 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies, northeast (southwest) 850-hPa wind anomalies over southern Mexico, and a low-level westward (eastward) flow in the northeastern tropical Pacific support the MIN (MAX2) pattern under the influence of the dry (wet) MJO phases. These features are more clearly observed in the MSDs of 1- and 2-month duration and over the southern half of Mexico. The results suggest that the bimodal distribution is less influenced by the MJO in regions of northeastern Mexico.
Correcting Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager Data for the Production of Vivid True-Color Imagery
Authors: Broomhall Mark A. , Majewski Leon J. , Villani Vincent O. , Grant Ian F. , Miller Steven D.
Published: February 2019

Observations of top-of-atmosphere radiances from the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) blue, green, and red spectral bands can be used to produce high-temporal-resolution, true-color imagery at 1-km spatial resolution over the Asia–Pacific region. To enhance interpretability and aesthetic appearance of these images, the top-of-atmosphere radiance data are processed to remove the Rayleigh-scattered atmospheric component, corrected for limb effects, blended with brightness temperature data from a thermal infrared window band at night, and the resultant imagery adjusted to optimize contrast. The contribution of Rayleigh scattering to the AHI observations is calculated by interpolating radiative transfer parameters from a preconstructed set of lookup tables, which are specifically created for the Himawari-8 AHI instrument. A surface reflectance value for each pixel is calculated after the Rayleigh contribution is removed. The spectrally dependent reflectance values produced from the lookup table differ from the exact calculation by up to 18% at the planetary limb, over 100% at the solar terminator, and by less than 0.5% at low to moderate solar and sensor zenith angles. The subsequent corrections applied for limb effects mitigate the areas with high interpolation error, which slightly reduces the spatial coverage, but provides Rayleigh-corrected surface reflectance products that have interpolation errors at or below 0.5%. Resolution sharpening increases the nominal pixel size from 1000 to 500 m while still producing sharp images. The resultant images are colorful, visually intuitive, high contrast, and of sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to provide a unique and complementary observational tool for use by weather forecasters and the general public alike.
Predictors of problematic Internet use in school going adolescents of Bhavnagar, India
Authors: Vadher Sneha B , Panchal Bharat N , Vala Ashok U , Ratnani Imran J , Vasava Kinjal J , Desai Rishi S , Shah Aayushi H
Published: February 2019

Background:

Problematic Internet use (PIU) is the inability of individuals to control their Internet use, resulting in marked distress and/or functional impairment in daily life.

Aim/Objective:

We assessed the frequency of PIU and predictors of PIU, including social anxiety disorder (SAD), quality of sleep, quality of life and Internet-related demographic variables among school going adolescents.

Methods:

This was an observational, single-centered, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of 1,312 school going adolescents studying in Grades 10, 11 and 12 in Bhavnagar, India. Every participant was assessed by a pro forma containing demographic details, questionnaires of Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) for PIU severity, SAD severity, Quality of Sleep assessment and Quality of Life assessment, respectively. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corporation) using chi-square test, Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to find the predictors of PIU.

Results:

We found frequency of PIUs as 16.7% and Internet addiction as 3.0% among school going adolescents. Participants with PIU are more likely to experience SAD ( p < .0001), poor quality of sleep ( p < .0001) and poor quality of life ( p < .0001). There is positive correlation between severity of PIU and SAD ( r = .411, p < .0001). Linear regression analysis shows PIU can be predicted by SAD, sleep quality, quality of life, English medium, male gender, total duration of Internet use, monthly cost of Internet use, education, social networking, gaming, online shopping and entertainment as purpose of Internet use.

Conclusion:

Participants with PIU are more likely to experience SAD, poor quality of sleep and poor quality of life.
Bridging commercialisation and redevelopment: Jurisdictions and university policy development
Authors: Donegan Mary
Published: February 2019

Universities, as anchor institutions in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, have embraced university business incubators (UBIs) as part of broader commercialisation programmes nurturing university spin-offs. Yet, by requiring substantial construction or rededication of physical space, UBIs are also part of land redevelopment initiatives, the goals of which often include reshaping or revitalising surrounding communities’ physical and cultural landscapes. The commercialisation literature often overlooks this redevelopment tool role, leading scholars to over-ascribe UBI structure to university commercialisation cultures. Through a case study of two universities in the same region, the article finds that bioscience UBIs act as bridging activities between university research commercialisation and land redevelopment arms. Divergent adoption patterns reflect distinct legal, political and personal relationships with layered political jurisdictions (i.e. each university’s jurisdictional embeddedness), and point to a divide between public and private universities. The work has direct implications for how regions leverage large, place-based assets for regional entrepreneurial development, but also suggests that universities have outsized roles in local – and not just regional – spatial patterns of economic activity.
Poetics/Praxis
Authors: Johnson Kimberly
Published: February 2019

This Introduction to a special issue on “Poetics/Praxis” provides a brief overview of the shared investments of poetic texts and Christian practice. It offers a brief survey of exegetical writing on the incarnation in order to illustrate sympathies between early Christian thinking about the meaningfulness of materiality and theoretical accounts of poetic structure.
Outcomes of Children with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treated Nonsurgically: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Kohn Jocelyn L. , Cohen Michael B. , Patel Prachi , Levi Jessica R.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway and is commonly caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. Accordingly, adenotonsillectomy is considered first‐line treatment. However, in cases of mild OSA, nonsurgical management has been proposed as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of pediatric patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated without surgical intervention.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care university medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The medical records of children ages 2 to 18 years with OSA at Boston Medical Center from January 2000 to April 2017 were reviewed. Children with mild OSA (apnea‐ hypopnea index [AHI] between 1 and 5), who were managed nonsurgically and had serial polysomnograms, were included. Serial sleep studies were compared to assess for patterns of change.

Results

Of the 201 patients with mild OSA who were identified, 104 (52%) opted for initial nonsurgical management. Of those, 91 had a follow‐up sleep study to reassess their OSA. Forty‐two (46 %) had a greater than 20% decrease in AHI and 38 (41%) had a greater than 20% increase on the second sleep study. The remaining 11 had changes less than 20% in either direction. There was not a significant difference in the proportion of patients with an increase vs decrease in AHI on follow‐up sleep study (P >. 05).

Conclusions

Mild pediatric OSA has approximately equal chances of worsening or improvement over time without surgical intervention, which is useful for counseling parents on treatment options.
How effective leadership of knowledge management impacts organizational performance
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa
Published: February 2019

The current article shows how transformational leadership influences knowledge management to improve organizational performance through better use of a firm’s internal resources. Transformational leaders not only directly impact knowledge management, they also foster more effective strategy implementation and information technology use, which positively contribute to the effectiveness of knowledge management as a driver of organizational performance. This study contributes to the literature by exploring a framework upon which to continue developing a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between transformational leadership, knowledge management, a firm’s internal resources, and organizational performance. Furthermore, the current article contributes to the practice of management by identifying ways in which managers can build a high-performance organization through leadership and knowledge management.
Sources of Friendship and Structurally Induced Homophily across the Life Course
Authors: Thomas Reuben J.
Published: February 2019

How people meet new friends changes throughout life in ways that change the potential for diverse friendships. This study presents results from the first U.S. survey with data on how respondents met their friends, specifically the two nonfamily friends they most often socialize with. The most common sources of new friendships shift across life from the dominance of schooling during youth, to the centrality of work in midlife, to neighbors and voluntary groups in later life. Educational homophily peaks for friendships made in midlife, and is strongest for friendships made in higher education and at work. Racial homophily generally declines as people age but is lowest for men in midlife, while decreasing later for women. Friendship sources largely account for life course changes in racial homophily, but not educational homophily. The racial homophily induced by friendship sources also changes as people age, but in different ways for women and men.
Bamboo fibres sourced from three global locations: A microstructural, mechanical and chemical composition study
Authors: Depuydt Delphine EC , Sweygers Nick , Appels Lise , Ivens Jan , van Vuure Aart W
Published: February 2019

More than 1200 bamboo species are known; therefore, the question arises which species are suited for composites and which microstructural characteristics of the plant are decisive. Three different bamboo species are considered, each of two ages. Technical fibre tensile tests and impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed to characterize the fibres and maceration was applied to determine the length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibres. From the impregnated fibre bundle tests it is concluded that the stiffness of bamboo fibres from tropical species considered in this research is unaffected by the species nor the age of the plant. The strength is more affected by the region of growth, with the temperate bamboo species having lower strength as a result of a lower length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibre. Chemical analysis helped to investigate the age difference and it can be stated that the fibres are mature within one growing season.
Social-Cognitive Predictors of Iranian College Students’ Academic Well-Being
Authors: Sadeghi Ahmad , Mahdavi Fatemeh
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the application of Lent and Brown’s social-cognitive model in predicting academic well-being of Iranian students. A total of 400 undergraduate students (252 female students and 148 male students) completed the measures of academic satisfaction, self-efficacy, environmental support, goal progress, and personality traits. Path analysis indicated that the modified social-cognitive model provided good fit to the data and accounted for substantial portion of the variance in academic satisfaction. The results of path analysis showed that self-efficacy, goal progress, environmental supports, and resources both directly and indirectly had relationship with academic well-being. It was revealed that only one of the personality traits (conscientiousness) had a direct and significant correlation with students’ academic well-being. However, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion had indirect and significant correlations with academic well-being through self-efficacy, environmental supports, and resources. According to the obtained findings, this research supported the role of social-cognitive variables in the academic well-being of Iranian students.