bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Maternal Knowledge of Complementary Foods with the Nutritional Status of Toddlers
Authors: Naim Hardianti , Mahendika Devin , Afifah Harahap Nur , Prabu Aji Sulistyani , Batubara Ardiana , Yunita Lina , Pannyiwi Rahmat
Published: June 2023

The results of data obtained from the Tangeban Inpatient Health Center of Masama District in the last three years, namely in 2015 showed that out of 269 toddlers, the prevalence of toddlers who weighed below normal was 32 people (11.9%), height below normal was 53 people (19.8%). In 2016, out of 489 under-fives, the prevalence of under-fives who weighed below normal was 73 people (14.9%), height below normal was 73 people (14.9%). Whereas in 2017 there were 493 toddlers, the prevalence of toddlers whose weight was below normal was 73 people (14.8%), height below normal was also 75 people (15.3%). From the target to be achieved by health workers Tangeban Inpatient Health Center Masama District is <1.0%. Or even 0%. The research design used is Analytical Observational Research, where the researcher only makes observations or observations of the research subject and looks for data related to the research without intervening in the variables to be studied. The type of research design used is Cross sectional design, namely by conducting data collection, measurement or observation of data on independent and dependent variables only once at one time at the same time. the number of samples used was 60 mothers of toddlers. The results of the study There is a relationship between maternal knowledge variables and children's nutritional status at Tangeban Health Center. This is evidenced from 41 respondents whose nutritional status is good, there are 33 respondents who have good knowledge and there are 8 respondents who have poor knowledge. While out of 19 people whose nutritional status is not good, there are 4 respondents who have good knowledge and there are 15 respondents whose nutritional knowledge is still classified as low or not good.
Análisis de la calidad de servicio al cliente en las organizaciones educativas
Authors: Hernández Suarez Esther , Toribio Tania Trinidad
Published: June 2023

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el desarrollo teórico de la calidad del servicio al cliente en las organizaciones educativas. La calidad de servicio es vital en la vinculación y fidelización del cliente que repercute en la rentabilidad y satisfacción, observamos que es importante conocer que buscan las personas en la actividad de consumo. Los cambios que acentúan una orientación cada vez más predominante hacia el cliente, conducen a las organizaciones a resaltar la importancia del servicio prestado. Considerando la calidad de servicio como el valor añadido que ofrecer, a un cliente cada vez más exigente que busca en la actividad de consumo aquel producto o servicio que satisface de una forma más óptima sus necesidades ofreciéndole en definitiva mejores resultados. En el Perú hoy en día la calidad de servicio es una métrica dentro de las organizaciones que buscan la diferenciación y competitividad en el mercado. Gran parte de las empresas buscan alcanzar el éxito, posicionándose en el mercado, e incrementando sus ventas, dejando de lado la importancia del bienestar y la calidad que ellos pueden ofrecer y satisfacer las necesidades que el cliente requiere. Este estudio concluye que el servicio en las organizaciones educativas de Latinoamérica tiene un nivel de calidad bajo y deficiente, porque se tiene una mala gestión administrativa, falta de inversión en el presupuesto educativo y desigualdad en el servicio. Por ello se recomienda considerar la importancia de la calidad del servicio, puesto que es imprescindible para lograr un desarrollo humano sostenible.
La comunicación: una estrategia para dialogar con el Programa Bono Juana Azurduy
Authors: Acochiri Cruz Felipe Khadir
Published: June 2023

Los preceptos de este trabajo indagaron la comunicación interna y externa en el Programa Bono Juana Azurduy, donde los involucrados, específicamente los trabajadores, tienen responsabilidadpara designar estrategias que favorezcan su desarrollo. El paradigma metodológico fundamental fue el interpretativo y el tipo de investigación descriptiva, porque se describieron situaciones y eventos en determinado fenómeno, recogidos en instrumentos tipo encuestas y entrevistas. De acuerdo con la indagación y el diagnóstico realizados, se detectó que la inexistencia de procesos informativos efectivos conlleva a una desorganización y al flujo negativo de la comunicación. Se reveló la necesidad de orientar y diseñar a la brevedad posible, estrategias de comunicación tanto internas como externas. Contribuyendo con las políticas de cambio y afrontando el reto de ingresar con incentivos a rincones alejados del territorio boliviano; como lo es la maternidad segura y el desarrollo integral de la población infantil de cero a dos años de edad, mediante el Bono Madre Niño-Niña “Juana Azurduy” en el marco del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo y las políticas de erradicación de la pobreza extrema.
¿Cómo estimular el Lenguaje oral de los niños/as con Síndrome de Down en Potosí, Bolivia?
Authors: Cayo García Sherida Micaela
Published: June 2023

La Educación Especial en el Centro de Rehabilitación San Juan de Dios, se esfuerza en brindar una educación inclusiva a los niños/as con Síndrome de Down, siendo el lenguaje oral uno de los aspectos más importantes. A pesar de ello se observa que estos niños/as presentan dificultades en el habla. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo elaborar una estrategia psicopedagógica para la estimulación el lenguaje oral en niños y niñas con Síndrome de Down del Centro de Rehabilitación San Juan de Dios de la ciudad de Potosí. Para lograrlo se diseñó una investigación de tipo descriptiva dentro del paradigma mixto (Cuantitativo-cualitativo), a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada a la directora y un cuestionario a padres y docentes con el fin de elaborar un diagnóstico. Estos instrumentos arrojaron deficiencias para reconocer fonemas, sonidos y expresarse con sus pares. Por ello la estrategia propuesta consta de tres fases que trabajan las dimensiones: Conciencia Fonológica, Comprensión Oral y Expresión oral con los padres, docentes y estudiantes.
Derecho a la presunción de inocencia: Caso boliviano
Authors: Montaño Claros José Alejandro
Published: June 2023

El objetivo fue establecer una propuesta de modificación de Ley para evitar la vulnerabilidad del derecho a la presunción de inocencia de los aprehendidos por supuesta comisión de delitos en Bolivia. La metodología empleada comprende: [1] Análisis de la cuestión; [2] Exhibición de aprehendidos como sentencia anticipada; [3] Análisis de la legislación comparada; [4] Propuesta para la modificación del Artículo 296 de la Ley 1970; [5] Identificación de beneficiarios. Se estableció que ésta es una práctica frecuente en Bolivia que: vulnera el derecho de presunción de inocencia durante las diligencias preliminares, es contraria al ordenamiento interno e internacional y transgrede una de las tres misiones específicas de la Policía Boliviana según lo establecido por el artículo 251 de la Constitución. En consecuencia, es pertinente promover una propuesta de anteproyecto de Ley de modificación del artículo 296 de la Ley 1970, que prohibirá la exhibición pública del imputado ante medios de comunicación hasta que no exista una sentencia condenatoria ejecutoriada.
Propuesta de Ley municipal de difusión de material multimedia en Lengua de Señas Boliviana
Authors: López Oporto Luis Alberto , Cardozo Espinoza Ángel Walter , Cardozo Espinoza Ángel Walter
Published: June 2023

El lenguaje de señas boliviana se refiere a un sistema lingüístico cuyo medio es el visual más que el auditivo. Tiene su propio vocabulario, expresiones idiomáticas, gramática y sintaxis, por lo que su promoción es motivo de estudio y búsqueda de alternativas acordes con la realidad de los derechos educativos actuales. De allí que, el objetivo de la investigación fue proponer una Ley Municipal de difusión multimedia de material educativo, cívico, de sensibilización, prevención, concientización e informativo del Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Potosí en Lengua de Señas Boliviana. A nivel metodológico, el estudio se basó en el paradigma cualitativo, bajo un enfoque hermenéutico, con un diseño de tipo no experimental descriptivo-propositivo. Como resultado de la investigación se tiene un proyecto de Propuesta de una Ley Municipal de difusión multimedia de material educativo en Lengua de Señas Boliviana del Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Potosí, compuesto de diez (1 O) artículos y una disposición transitoria única. Se concluyó que es fundamental hacer un diagnóstico real a la difusión del material antes mencionado en favor de las personas con discapacidad auditiva.
Kekerabatan Bahasa Jawa Wonogiri di Tiakar dan Bahasa Minangkabau di Tiakar Payakumbuh Sumatra Barat
Authors: Hasanah Luluk Uswatun , Juita Novia
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persentase tingkat kekerabatan, menentukan waktu perpisahan, dan menjelaskan korespondensi bunyi antara bahasa Jawa Wonogiri di Tiakar dan bahasa Minangkabau di Tiakar Payakumbuh, Sumatera Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam bidang linguistik sejarah komparatif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan penelitian, diperoleh tiga kesimpulan. Pertama, persentase tingkat kekerabatan adalah 20%, dengan 40 kosakata yang berkerabat dari 200 kosakata dasar. Kedua, waktu pisah kedua bahasa adalah 3707 tahun yang lalu. Jika dihitung dari tahun 2023 waktu kedua bahasa tersebut adalah 1684 SM. Ketiga, korespondensi bunyi antara kedua bahasa dapat dilihat dalam bentuk 5 pasang kosa kata yang identik, 28 kata penggantian bunyi fonem, 1 pengurangan bunyi, dan 6 penambahan bunyi. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan persentase tingkat kekerabatan dan lamanya dua bahasa berpisah, kedua bahasa tersebut termasuk dalam klasifikasi keluarga dari satu turunan (stock).
طريقة القواعد والترجمة
Authors: M. Pd Mursidin
Published: June 2023

كانت الطريقات المستعملة فى تعليم اللغة العربية، فهي: الطريقة القواعد والترجمة، و الطريقة المباشرة، الطريقة القراءة، الطريقة السمعية الشفهية، الطريقة التوليفية. وطريقة القواعد والترجمة أو طريقة النحو والترجمة أو الطريقة القديمة أو الطريقة التقليدية هي الطريقة التي تتكون من طريقة النحو وطريقة الترجمة، وهي التي تبدأ بتعليم القواعد وشرحها شرحا طويلا منفصلا ومدعما بواسطة اللغة الوطنية.

والطريقة القواعد والترجمة هي من أقدم الطرق التي استخدمت في تعليم اللغات الأجنبية، تستخدم هذه الطريقة اللغة الأم للمتعلم كوسيلة رئيسية لتعليم اللغة المنشودة. وفي هذه المقالة عزم الكاتبون أن يبحثوا في طريقة القواعد والترجمة وما يتعلق بها نشأة طريقة القواعد والترجمة، النظرية التي تنتمي إليها طريقة القواعد والترجمة، أهداف طريقة القواعد والترجمة وملامحها، وظائف كل من عناصر التعليم (المعلم، والمتعلم، والمادة التعليمية) في طريقة القواعد والترجمة، مزايا طريقة القواعد والترجمة وعيوبها، تطبيق طريقة القواعد والترجمة.
ĐỊNH HƯỚNG PHÁT TRIỂN TỈNH PHÚ THỌ ĐẾN NĂM 2030, TẦM NHÌN ĐẾN NĂM 2050: NHỮNG LỰA CHỌN CÓ TÍNH QUYẾT ĐỊNH
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Vinh  , Tô Trung Thành
Published: June 2023

Phú Thọ là tỉnh có vị trí chiến lược, quan trọng về kinh tế, chính trị, quốc phòng, an ninh của cả nước và vùng Trung du miền núi phía Bắc. Trong giai đoạn 2011-2020, kinh tế tỉnh Phú Thọ đã đạt được nhiều thành tựu đáng kể cả về quy mô và chất lượng. Tuy vậy sự phát triển giai đoạn vừa qua chưa tương xứng với tiềm năng, lợi thế của tỉnh. Nghiên cứu này tập trung để xuất các định hướng và giải pháp có tính chất quyết định đối với sự phát triển của tỉnh Phú Thọ đến năm 2030 và tầm nhìn đến năm 2050
roman marocain francophone et l'alternance codique
Authors: Amraoui Abdelaziz
Published: June 2023

French-speaking Moroccan literature is open to linguistic influences that recall its birth but also its essence. If it is true that French gives her her linguistic argan, the fact remains that she is also turned towards her origins which provide her with food for thought. In this sense, Arabic, classical or dialectal, Berber, borrowings from languages in contact with local dialects make this writing a tower of Babel, high in languages. There are many ways of inserting his influences. Our text will try to study them by bringing out the different interconnections between French and the other languages in contact, mainly the Moroccan dialect and the lexicalized French borrowings.

La littérature marocaine francophone est ouverte sur des influences linguistiques qui rappellent sa naissance mais également son essence. S’il est vrai que le français lui donne son argane linguistique, il n’en demeure pas qu’elle est également tournée vers ses origines qui lui procurent matière à penser. Dans ce sens l’arabe, classique ou dialectal, le berbère, les emprunts issus des langues en contacts avec les parlers locaux font de cette écriture une tour de Babel, haut en langues. Les modalités d’insertion de ses influences sont nombreuses. Notre texte essayera de les étudier en dégageant les différentes interconnexions entre le français et les autres langues en contact, principalement le dialecte marocain et les emprunts français lexicalisés.
“Cette etrangere que je suis” : immigration, plurilinguisme et contestation (Copi, Nella Nobili)
Authors: Rigeade Anne-Laure
Published: June 2023

The Argentinian Copi and the Italian Nella Nobili both immigrated to France and to French. But if a large part of their work was written in this foreign language, the mother tongue and their other languages, far from disappearing, fuel these writers’ creativity, in a hidden but also in a visible way. The genetic material shows this copresence of languages and this paper is largely based on genetic criticism. This literary plurilingualism is one of the reasons why these works remained in the margins of French literature, phenomenon that was accentuated by the fact that Copi and Nobili were foreigners and praised, among others, homosexuality. Marginal and minor, their works express a political and aesthetical protest.

L’Argentin Copi et l’italienne Nella Nobili ont en commun d’avoir immigré en France et en français. Mais, si une large partie de leur œuvre est écrite dans cette langue étrangère, la langue maternelle comme les autres langues, loin de disparaître, nourrissent, de façon latente ou manifeste, la créativité de ces deux écrivains. Les archives témoignent de cette coprésence des langues et cet article repose pour une large part sur la critique génétique. Ce plurilinguisme d’écriture contribue à marginaliser ces œuvres au sein de la littérature française, phénomène accentué par le fait que les étrangers Copi et Nobili célèbrent, notamment, l’homosexualité. Marginales et mineures, ces œuvres sont porteuses d’une forme de contestation politique et esthétique, dans une véritable politique de la littérature.
Les langues : carte(s) d’identité plurielle. L’écriture autobiographique de Rosie Pinhas-Delpuech, entre traumatismes historiques et enjeux linguistiques
Authors: Kouider Rabah Sarah
Published: June 2023

Languages define the identity of human because they convey a culture and, its corollary, History. When, sometimes, the History of nations carries trauma, humans end up resembling their History, the stories told within traumatized families. Wars, exiles, migrations... make diasporas communities both open to the Other, for the sake of social integration, or completely hermetic since the fear of losing the cultural foundations in these new spaces of adoption is greater than the desire to integrate the host societies. Life stories can be receptacles for family histories because they are inscribed in collective history. Our article will treat the autobiographical text of Rosie Pinhas-Delpuech which recounts the family languages, learned by the father, by the mother or at school, resulting mainly from the individual paths of each of these parental factions, and which, through their designation in the autobiographical text, refer to events experienced in Europe during and after the Second World War, sometimes even going back to the period of the Inquisition.

Les langues définissent l'identité de l'être car elles véhiculent une culture et, son corolaire, l'Histoire. Quand, parfois, l'Histoire des nations est porteuse de traumatismes, les êtres finissent par ressembler à leur Histoire, aux histoires racontés au sein des familles traumatisées. Les guerres, les exils, les migrations... font des diasporas des communautés à la fois ouvertes à l'Autre, dans un souci d'intégration sociale, ou complètement hermétiques puisque la peur de perdre les fondements culturels dans ces nouveaux espaces d'adoption est plus grande que la volonté de se fondre dans les sociétés d'accueil. Les récits de vie peuvent être des réceptacles aux histoires familiales parce qu'elles sont inscrites dans l'Histoire collective. Notre article traitera de l'œuvre autobiographique de Rosie Pinhas-Delpuech qui raconte les langues familiales, apprises par le père, par la mère ou à l'école, issues principalement des parcours individuels de chacun de ces factions parentales, et qui, à travers leur désignation dans le récit autobiographique, renvoient à des événements vécus en Europe pendant et après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, remontant parfois même à la période de l'Inquisition.
Teatro y poesía en los inicios del siglo XXI
Authors: Teruel Martínez Susana María
Published: June 2023

Review of Santiago Nogales, Rocío y De la Torre-Espinosa, Mario (eds.) (2022). Teatro y poesía en los inicios del siglo XXI. En reconocimiento a la labor del profesor José Romera Castillo. Editorial Verbum,Madrid.

Reseña de Santiago Nogales, Rocío y De la Torre-Espinosa, Mario (eds.) (2022). Teatro y poesía en los inicios del siglo XXI. En reconocimiento a la labor del profesor José Romera Castillo. Editorial Verbum,Madrid.
La biblioteca de Fernando Villalón
Authors: Díez de Revenga Torres Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

Reseña de Jacques Issorel-Juan Diego Mata Marchena, La biblioteca de Fernando Villalón. Hombre de campo y poeta, Sevilla, Renacimiento, Espuela de Plata, 2022, 264 págs.
Un estudio pionero e innovador en las letras españolas del profesor Baquero Goyanes: "La novela española de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX" perteneciente al volumen colectivo Historia general de las letras hispánicas
Authors: Rubio Cremades Enrique
Published: June 2023

The present study has a clear purpose: toanalyze the academic research of ProfessorBaquero Goyanes on the Spanish novel inthe second half of the 19th century, whichconstituted a substantial chapter withinvolume V of the General History of HispanicLiteratures (1958), Editorial Barna, andreissued in 1969 in Barcelona’s Editorial Vergara. This prestigious History brought together the most prominent researchers of the moment for the creation of its contents. Professor Baquero rigorously analyzed the realist-naturalist novel, with an exemplary scientism approach, a model for researchers and university  professors.

El presente estudio tiene una finalidad clara: analizar las investigaciones académicas del profesor Baquero Goyanes sobre la novela española en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, insertas en un enjundioso capítulo perteneciente al volumen V de la Historia General de las Literaturas Hispánicas (1958), Editorial Barna, y reeditado en 1969 en la barcelonesa Editorial Vergara. Prestigiosa Historia que reúne el elenco investigador más prestigioso del momento para la elaboración de sus contenidos. El profesor Baquero analiza la novela realista-naturalista con rigor, con un cientificismo ejemplar, modélico para los investigadores y profesores universitarios.
Farklı Sulama Suyu Tuzluluk Seviyelerinin Çeltikte Çimlenme ve Erken Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: DUMAN Hamide , ÖZTÜRK Elif , AKAY Hasan
Published: June 2023

Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.), dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlasının temel besin kaynağını ve günlük kalori ihtiyacının neredeyse yarısını sağlayan hayati bir tahıl grubudur. Bununla birlikte, çeltik, çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi sırasında tuz stresine karşı hassastır. Bu çalışma, farklı NaCl ve CaCl2+ konsantrasyonlarının çeltik çimlenmesi ve erken fide gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen Efe çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen Efe çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Tohumlar, fide ve erken büyüme dönemlerinde 7 farklı NaCl ve CaCl+2 konsantrasyon seviyesinde hazırlanan solüsyonlar kullanılarak çimlendirildi ve sulandı: 0.38 dS m-1 (T0), 1.5 dS m-1 (T1), 3 dS m-1 (T2), 5 dS m-1 (T3), 7 dS m-1 (T4), 9 dS m-1 (T5) ve 11 dS m-1 (T6). Çimlenme oranı tohum ekiminden 5 gün sonra, fide büyüme parametreleri ile yaprak ve kök mineral içerikleri ise ekimden 15 gün sonra incelenmiştir. Tuz toleransı ve canlılık indeksi değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. İncelenen özellikler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça çimlenme oranı ve erken fide büyüme özellikleri azalmıştır. Kök mineral içeriğine bakıldığında, tuzluluk arttıkça Na+, K+ ve Ca+2 mineral içerikleri artarken, K+/Na+ ve Ca2+/Na+ oranları azalmıştır. Benzer şekilde fide mineral içeriği bakımından tuzluluk arttıkça Na+, K+ ve Ca+2 artarken, K+/Na+ ve Ca2+/Na oranları azalmıştır. Bu bulgular, çeltik bitkilerinin çimlenme ve erken fide büyüme aşamalarında tuz stresine duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan analizler, ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen Efe çeltik çeşidi için %80 çimlenme için maksimum tuz konsantrasyonunun 7 dS m-1 (T3) olduğunu göstermiştir.
Territorial Waters as Ambiguous Legal Concept in International Law
Authors: Lapa Kristofor , Xhelilaj Ermal
Published: June 2023

The legal concept of the territorial waters’ regime was developed for the first time during the 16th and 17th centuries, a period of time that coincided with the formation of the system of independent states with defined territories, which were generally characterized by the ability to possess certain rights to regulate according to national interests the maritime activities developed in the maritime zones near their coastline. During this period Grotius, who is considered among the founders of international law, despite emphasizing that states should not possess sovereign rights over maritime zones, generally accepted the existence of the exercise of jurisdiction over coastal waters by states that could control effectively from the continent these specific maritime zones. At the end of the 18th century, the distinguished author Bynkershoek, while preparing the work De Dominio Maris Dissertation, published in 1702, relied extensively on the basic legal concepts of freedom of the seas and state sovereignty over coastal waters. Vattel, another well-known scholar, in Le Droit des Gens (1758), reflected his reliance on the writings of Grotius, Gentile, and Bynkershoek, underlining that coastal states enjoy sovereign rights over their coastal waters, but must allow the ships of other states to navigate peacefully through these waters. Nowadays, the territorial waters’ regime is considered a crucial concept for the national interest of coastal states. In this regard, due to the importance it represents for coastal states and the international system in general, the legal regime of ​​territorial waters should be analyzed more extensively in order to better comprehend this paramount legal notion. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the legal concept of the regime of territorial waters within the framework of international law.
Satisfaction of Istanbul Citizens with Urban Public Transportation
Authors: Soy Ozgur , Tavacioglu Leyla
Published: June 2023

Transportation is one of the most challenging urban subsystems to transform in an environmentally friendly and futuristic way. Many city dwellers use a variety of modes of transportation. An efficient and sustainable urban transportation system must include many modes of transportation for a single trip. Intermodal combinations are essential for urban transportation efficiency. Public transportation and commuting are essential elements of multimodal travel. In urban areas, a mix of bicycles, vehicles, and public transportation is prevalent, while in rural areas, car, and public transportation are more prevalent. By examining the characteristics that lead customers to prefer water transportation over Metrobus and Marmaray, we hope to gain a better understanding of how the Asian and European sides of Istanbul are traversed. The number of participants in the "Maritime Transportation Satisfaction Survey" was 2,343. During this period, a model was built using the survey item "frequency of use" (dependent variable). Numerous survey examines and evaluation methodologies were utilized to determine the effectiveness of this strategy. The study examines the intermodal travel motivations and the evaluation of transportation options by multimodal users. For a successful urban transportation system, urban planning must take into account multimodal travel behavior and user expectations. There are initiatives to improve water transportation in Istanbul. Conventional maritime transportation is inadequate from start to finish. An integrated route optimization method is needed to increase the efficiency of maritime transportation. We believe that by strengthening maritime transportation links will increase water consumption. Before the coronavirus pandemic, 2,343 maritime carriers were evaluated on March 8, 2020. (Different surveys were conducted among the passengers of City Lines, Private Motors, Metrobus, and Marmaray to compare their choices and reasons.) SPSS will be used for data analysis. Multivariate Statistical Analysis relies on Multinomial Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis models, both of which use the K-fold and Leave-one-out criteria to decide which attributes are valid in the regression model and which are valid in the discriminant approach. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test criteria yielded a p-value greater than 0.05 for MLR characteristics.
Developing Smart Port with Crucial Domains and Indicators in the Thai Port Case: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Makkawan Kittisak , Muangpan Thanyaphat
Published: June 2023

The port is an important transportation hub of maritime transport, recently developing smart ship transport for the smart port. Therefore, smart port indicators (SPIs) are crucial for smart port development. Applying SPIs for port management improves the overall port performance, reduces environmental pollution, as well as promoting port safety and innovation. This research aims at confirming the smart port indicators and defining the primary strategies for smart port performance in Thailand. We have employed a questionnaire survey as a method of data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis of respondents' general information and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been used to test the key domains and indicators for confirming the dominant and verify the relationship of these indicators to the domains to which the indicator belongs. The results obtained comprise three main domains: smart port operation, smart port environment/energy, and smart port safety/security, using primary nineteen SPIs measurements. Furthermore, this research results have succeeded in introducing port operation to performance management in smart ports, thereby ensuring and facilitating port practice planning.
Philosophical Basis of the Authority of Coastal States to Manage Natural Resources in Their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Authors: Kumala Masitha Tismananda , Sunyowati Dina , Narwati Enny , Vinata Ria Tri
Published: June 2023

Coastal states have the authority to manage and utilize natural resources in their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Both international law and national laws of coastal states include numerous regulations governing the authority of coastal states in the EEZ. These laws are key to the efficient and sustainable use of natural resources in the EEZ. This paper will examine the philosophical basis of the authority of coastal states to manage natural resources in the EEZ. The research method used is a normative research method. This research aims to identify and analyze the limits of authority and the purpose of the authority granted by international law. Coastal states can manage natural resources based on the rule of law, and thus realize the purpose for which they were granted such authority. The results of this study suggest that the philosophical basis for the authority of coastal states to manage natural resources in the EEZ is based on sovereign rights. The sovereign right to manage natural resources in the EEZ is exercised for peaceful purposes; the states are required to protect the environment and ensure the sustainability of fishery resources, not violate the rights of developing countries, whether coastal, landlocked or geographically disadvantaged.
THE INNOVATION PARADOX IN THE SERBIAN ECONOMY: THE GRANGER CAUSALITY APPROACH
Authors: Madžar Lidija
Published: June 2023

Innovations, as the applications of new ideas, solutions and technological practices that improve goods, services and business processes, are the most important driver of economic progress. They lead to greater productivity and efficiency, and therefore to better economic results. The purpose of this article is to examine the state, interrelation and the impact of innovative activities on the economic growth of Serbia. The paper first uses standard multiple regression and concludes that in the period from 2004 to 2020, the number of registered patents did not contribute, while the gross expenditures for research and development (GERD) contributed positively and significantly to the growth of the Serbian GDP. Therefore, it can be said that Serbia is facing a kind of innovation paradox, since the growth of allocations coexists with a dramatic decrease in the number of registered patents. Its second part is based on the construction of the corresponding Vector autoregressive VAR(1) model that traces the causal relationship between GERD and the economic growth of Serbia in the period from 1997 to 2020. It follows that while GERD does not cause GDP in the Granger sense, the GDP causes GERD allocations for innovative activities in Serbia. The scientific research work in Serbia is not efficient and effective enough because it draws funds from the GDP, but does not meet expectations and does not produce tangible results, especially in the expected number of registered patents. Therefore, it is necessary to build an appropriate incentive environment that would stimulate more adequately and value new innovative ventures.
FOREIGN TRADE AS A DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Kovačević Slaviša , Amidžić Srđan , Kurušić Drago
Published: June 2023

Most studies that investigate the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth analyze it through the interpretation of various indicators. This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between coverage of imports by exports and the openness to foreign trade on one hand and the gross domestic product of the Republic of Srpska on other hand. The research relates to the period from 2001 to 2020. By applying the ARDL model we confirmed the initial hypothesis that an increase in the coverage of imports by exports increases the domestic product. The paper confirms the long-term relationship between independent and dependent variables, expressed through the existence of the cointegration equation. Results based on the applied ARDL method show negative, but insignificant relationship between openness and gross domestic product in the Republic of Srpska in long run, and statistically significant positive relationship between coverage of imports by exports and gross domestic product in long run. Value of coefficient shows that 1% increase in coverage of imports by exports increases gross domestic product by 0.80% in long run.
BOOK REVIEW: NIKOLA NJEGOVAN (2022) FRIEDMAN’S CHALLENGE
Authors: Tomaš Rajko
Published: June 2023

Book Review: Nikola Njegovan. (2022). Friedman’s Challenge. Belgrade: Faculty of Economics University of Belgrade, Centre for Publishing, 207 pages.
THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN ENGLAND
Authors: Simović Miodrag N. , Hrustić Amna
Published: June 2023

The thematic concept of the Paper consists of legal issues related to criminal proceedings in England, which are the so-called pure adversarial proceedings. These proceedings differ from the law of the continental European countries and are characterized by archaisms and continuity, original common law (judicial) character, and the absence of major codifications. In this context, the paper analyzes the meaning of common law and equity law, and procedural criteria for the categorization of criminal offenses. Regarding the issue of rules and procedures for establishment of the facts, the authors pay special attention to the consideration of determining the factual background of the dispute, the burden of proof and procedural rules on the presentation of evidence. Clearly emphasizing the different classifications of evidence that can be presented be- fore the court, the authors point out that English law treats all hearings in the same way, i.e. it also brings the testimonies of the defendant and the expert wit- ness under the witness examination regime. Starting from the fact that an im- portant feature of legal principles is that in English law there is an obligatory exclusion of illegally obtained confession of the defendant from the evidence, it is concluded that the exclusion rule is essentially a relatively exclusive rule with a large discretionary assessment of the judge. In conclusion, the authors assess that the entire evidentiary procedure, types of evidence, the manner of their collection, presentation and evaluation in English law, to a greater or lesser extent, differs from the continental criminal proceedings.
OCCUPATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Savić Sanja
Published: June 2023

The extensive diplomatic action with which the Austro-Hungari- an monarchy began in 1875 ultimately resulted in the Berlin Congress and the acquisition of a mandate to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. This act led to a series of changes, both in terms of the international legal position of the occu- pied territory, and in internal issues. The author deals with the circumstances that preceded the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the way in which it was carried out, as well as the internal changes that it led to, placing special emphasis on the organization of government and the legal system.
Perception of Farmers with Reference to Drones for Pesticides Spray at Kurukshetra District of Haryana, India
Authors: Noor Farheen , Noel Ashish S.
Published: June 2023

Agricultural productivity and farmer perceptions plays crucial roles in shaping the future of sustainable farming practices. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of drone technology on paddy productivity, specifically focusing on pesticide spraying and explore the perception and attitude of farmers towards the usage of drones in agriculture. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 farmers. A mixed-method approach was taken to collect data through well-structured questionnaire, interview, field experiments and survey. Data was analyzed using garret ranking, correlation coefficient and Likert scale. The result shows that farmers find labor factors to be most crucial for adopting drones and problem of water scarcity could be easily overcome. As 60% of farming is depended on rainwater and since drones consume a mere 5-6liters of water, whereas conventional methods require over 100 liters of waters. Yield has increased to 6.25% and quality by 2.25%. Result shows moderate correlation coefficient of 0.6 between the factor influencing productivity of paddy before and after usage of drones.
Differential Changes in Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomolecules in Leaves of Tomato Infected by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary
Authors: Charles Dakole Daboy , Axel Bekono Mamdjara  Larry , Martin Fonkoua , Aristide Molemb Nemeté , Blaise Dongmo Lekagne Joseph , Julienne Nguefack , Somda Irénée
Published: June 2023

In Cameroon, tomato yields remain low due to attack by pathogens and insects. Phytophtora infestans (PI) is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the downy mildew of tomatoes, a fungal disease responsible for enormous economic losses. To contribute to the search for means of control, the stimulatory effect of the tomato defence system by extracts of some plants was evaluated. Tomato plants were treated with the aqueous macerates of Callistemon citrinus (C. citrinus) and Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) at 10% (W/V). After 4 days of spraying with the macerates, plants were inoculated with a virulent strain of PI. Tomato leaves collected at 2-day intervals for 10 days were used to determine the contents of chlorophyll a, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proline. The activities of the main antioxidant enzymes were also assessed: Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (POX), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The results showed that treatment of tomato plants with aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus and their inoculation with PI induced an increase in chlorophyll a, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and proline contents in tomato leaves; an increase in APX, PAL, POX, and SOD activities. Our results suggested that increased metabolite synthesis on the one hand, and increased enzymatic activities, on the other hand, could mitigate the oxidative damage that occured during pathogen expansion. Aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus could be used as natural products to stimulate the defence system in tomato against Phytophtora infestans.
How does Digital Trust Make Up for the Digital Divide in Elderly Care Services
Authors: Cai Ping , Yen Tsaifa (TF)
Published: June 2023

Under the double impact of aging and the digital divide, China is facing a severe pension problem. Promoting smart pension services can help solve this problem. This paper mainly discusses how to promote the use intention of intelligent elderly care service through digital trust. In this study, 403 valid questionnaires were obtained through questionnaire survey. The results showed that respondents' perceived ease of use of digital tools and applications significantly affected                   their digital trust and willingness to use them. However, considering digital trust, digital risk has no significant effect on willingness to use. This study suggests that strengthening the digital knowledge and skills of the elderly and strengthening their trust in smart elderly care services can help improve their willingness to use, and resolve the dual impact of aging and the digital divide.
The Development and Deployment of an Online Exam System: A Web Application
Authors: Islam Md. Monarul , Nabil Saifuddin Khaled , Murad Saydul Akbar , Muzahid Abu Jafar Md , Raha Avi Deb , Halder Monishanker , Gain Mrityunjoy , Hossain Md. Bipul , Uddin K. M. Aslam , Adhikary Apurba
Published: June 2023

The rapid advancements in computer technology and the internet’s acceptance in every aspect of our lives, particularly in recent years, have made students and instructors vital in the teaching and learning sector. Web-based studies have also brought about advances in the education area, and numerous applications have become widespread in this field. In this paper, we suggested an online test multiple-choice question assessment system for students called the Online Exam System (OES). This system may be used by any university, college, or institution that has a computerized education system. The OES can be used by teachers to administer quizzes. The system will calculate the participant’s performance based on his response, and the following question will be created based on the participant’s performance.   After the examination, the system will display the results and offer feedback based on the participant’s request. Administrative control over the entire system is available. A teacher has authority over the question bank and is responsible for creating test schedules. Therefore, the project will be very helpful for the beginner and mid-level programming learners. And also, will give a proper guideline to the students who are willing to learn programming and introduce the users with competitive programming and problem-solving skills.
Germline Genetic Testing After Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Kurian Allison W. , Abrahamse Paul , Furgal Allison , Ward Kevin C. , Hamilton Ann S. , Hodan Rachel , Tocco Rachel , Liu Lihua , Berek Jonathan S. , Hoang Lily , Yussuf Amal , Susswein Lisa , Esplin Edward D. , Slavin Thomas P. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Hofer Timothy P. , Katz Steven J.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Germline genetic testing is recommended by practice guidelines for patients diagnosed with cancer to enable genetically targeted treatment and identify relatives who may benefit from personalized cancer screening and prevention.

Objective

To describe the prevalence of germline genetic testing among patients diagnosed with cancer in California and Georgia between 2013 and 2019.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Observational study including patients aged 20 years or older who had been diagnosed with any type of cancer between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2019, that was reported to statewide Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries in California and Georgia. These patients were linked to genetic testing results from 4 laboratories that performed most germline testing for California and Georgia.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was germline genetic testing within 2 years of a cancer diagnosis. Testing trends were analyzed with logistic regression modeling. The results of sequencing each gene, including variants associated with increased cancer risk (pathogenic results) and variants whose cancer risk association was unknown (uncertain results), were evaluated. The genes were categorized according to their primary cancer association, including breast or ovarian, gastrointestinal, and other, and whether practice guidelines recommended germline testing.

Results

Among 1 369 602 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2013 and 2019 in California and Georgia, 93 052 (6.8%) underwent germline testing through March 31, 2021. The proportion of patients tested varied by cancer type: male breast (50%), ovarian (38.6%), female breast (26%), multiple (7.5%), endometrial (6.4%), pancreatic (5.6%), colorectal (5.6%), prostate (1.1%), and lung (0.3%). In a logistic regression model, compared with the 31% (95% CI, 30%-31%) of non-Hispanic White patients with male breast cancer, female breast cancer, or ovarian cancer who underwent testing, patients of other races and ethnicities underwent testing less often: 22% (95% CI, 21%-22%) of Asian patients, 25% (95% CI, 24%-25%) of Black patients, and 23% (95% CI, 23%-23%) of Hispanic patients (P < .001 using the χ2 test). Of all pathogenic results, 67.5% to 94.9% of variants were identified in genes for which practice guidelines recommend testing and 68.3% to 83.8% of variants were identified in genes associated with the diagnosed cancer type.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among patients diagnosed with cancer in California and Georgia between 2013 and 2019, only 6.8% underwent germline genetic testing. Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, rates of testing were lower among Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients.
Association of Extubation Failure Rates With High-Flow Nasal Cannula, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Iyer Narayan Prabhu , Rotta Alexandre T. , Essouri Sandrine , Fioretto Jose Roberto , Craven Hannah J. , Whipple Elizabeth C. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Khemani Robinder G.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Extubation failure (EF) has been associated with worse outcomes in critically ill children. The relative efficacy of different modes of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) to prevent EF is unknown.

Objective

To study the reported relative efficacy of different modes of NRS (high-flow nasal cannula [HFNC], continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], and bilevel positive airway pressure [BiPAP]) compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT).

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL Complete through May 2022.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials that enrolled critically ill children receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and compared the efficacy of different modes of postextubation NRS.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Random-effects models were fit using a bayesian network meta-analysis framework. Between-group comparisons were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Treatment rankings were assessed by rank probabilities and the surface under the cumulative rank curve (SUCRA).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was EF (reintubation within 48 to 72 hours). Secondary outcomes were treatment failure (TF, reintubation plus NRS escalation or crossover to another NRS mode), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality, PICU and hospital length of stay, abdominal distension, and nasal injury.

Results

A total of 11 615 citations were screened, and 9 randomized clinical trials with a total of 1421 participants were included. Both CPAP and HFNC were found to be more effective than COT in reducing EF and TF (CPAP: OR for EF, 0.43; 95% CrI, 0.17-1.0 and OR for TF 0.27, 95% CrI 0.11-0.57 and HFNC: OR for EF, 0.64; 95% CrI, 0.24-1.0 and OR for TF, 0.34; 95% CrI, 0.16- 0.65). CPAP had the highest likelihood of being the best intervention for both EF (SUCRA, 0.83) and TF (SUCRA, 0.91). Although not statistically significant, BiPAP was likely to be better than COT for preventing both EF and TF. Compared to COT, CPAP and BiPAP were reported as showing a modest increase (approximately 3%) in nasal injury and abdominal distension.

Conclusions and Relevance

The studies included in this systematic review and network meta-analysis found that compared with COT, EF and TF rates were lower with modest increases in abdominal distension and nasal injury. Of the modes evaluated, CPAP was associated with the lowest rates of EF and TF.
Which Measure-Valued Solutions of the Monoatomic Gas Equations are Generated by Weak Solutions?
Authors: Gallenmüller Dennis , Wiedemann Emil
Published: June 2023

Contrary to the incompressible case, not every measure-valued solution of the compressible Euler equations can be generated by weak solutions or a vanishing viscosity sequence. In the present paper we give sufficient conditions on an admissible measure-valued solution of the isentropic Euler system to be generated by weak solutions. As one of the crucial steps we prove a characterization result for generating$${\mathcal {A}}$$A-free Young measures in terms of potential operators including uniform$$L^{\infty }$$L∞-bounds. More concrete versions of our results are presented in the case of a solution consisting of two Dirac measures. We conclude by discussing that are also necessary conditions for generating a measure-valued solution by weak solutions or a vanishing viscosity sequence and will point out that the resulting gap mainly results from obtaining only uniform$$L^p$$Lp-bounds for$$1<p<\infty $$1<p<∞instead of$$p=\infty $$p=∞.