bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines and Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hobson Kristin A. , Mateu Pedro F. , Coryn Chris L. S. , Graves Charlene
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The authors of the study sought, through a meta‐analysis of primary studies, to same for those who receive a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and those who do not?” Background: Despite evidence from numerous sources failing to demonstrate consistent evidence of ASD diagnoses as a consequence of receiving MMR vaccinations, parents/guardians sometimes forego vaccinating their children. Methods: Three researchers searched for and obtained relevant studies, and two researchers independently applied a standardized data extraction form to the included studies. Results: Seven independent effect sizes were calculated, yielding a pooled random‐effects OR* = 0.25 (95% CI, LL = 0.09, UL = 0.76) (*denotes random‐effects estimate). Under the fixedeffect model, the OR = 0.33 (95% CI, LL = 0.25, UL = 0.45). Conclusions: The odds of ASD diagnoses attributable to receiving or not receiving an MMR vaccination are not indistinguishable within clinical limits of indifference. Even so, the odds of ASD diagnoses are substantially smaller for those receiving an MMR vaccination than for those who do not.
Housing Taxation and Economic Growth: Analysis of a Balanced-Growth Model with Residential Capital
Authors: Vinson Philip
Published: September 2022

Using a neoclassical model with endogenous growth, this study examines the effects of increasing housing taxation and eliminating the mortgage interest tax deduction on economic growth and household welfare in the United States. The optimal tax policy reduces taxation of income in favor of increased taxation of housing and consumption. This policy increases the growth rate by 0.49 percentage points. In addition, simply shifting the tax burden by reducing the tax rates on productive forms of capital toward housing can increase the growth rate up to 0.18 percentage points. This study also find that eliminating the income tax deduction on mortgage interest and lowering income taxes would increase growth by about 0.016 percentage points. Each of these proposed policies improves household welfare.
Energetics of carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon revisited: A computational study of intermolecular hydrogen bond domination on phenylacetic acid–nicotinamide cocrystals
Authors: Kusuma Aris Perdana , Soewandhi Sundani Nurono , Mauludin Rachmat , Suendo Veinardi , Kurniawan Fransiska , Pamungkas Gawang , Nugraha Yuda Prasetya
Published: September 2022

Carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon (CPHS) is one of the most common synthons found in cocrystal packing. Phenylacetic acid (PYC)–nicotinamide (NIC) (PYCNIC) cocrystals were used as a computational model to assess the most important factor in the emergence of the synthon. Geometry optimization was carried out on every possible two molecules of PYC–NIC conformation based on B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311G (d,p). Various energetic parameters, including total energy, interaction energy, and hydrogen bond energy, were used to compare the existing conformation to the putative conformation. The conformation with CPHS has −53.87 kJ mol−1 of single intermolecular hydrogen bond energy (EHB), which is the strongest of all. It turns out that there is no other parameter better than EHB to describe the superiority of CPHS in PYCNIC.
Coherent categorification of quantum loop algebras: The SL(2) case
Authors: Shan Peng , Varagnolo Michela , Vasserot Eric
Published: September 2022

We construct an equivalence of graded Abelian categories from a category of representations of the quiver-Hecke algebra of typeA1(1){A_{1}^{(1)}}to the category of equivariant perverse coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of typeA. We prove that this equivalence is weakly monoidal. This gives a representation-theoretic categorification of the preprojective K-theoretic Hall algebra considered by Schiffmann and Vasserot. Using this categorification, we compare the monoidal categorification of the quantum open unipotent cells of typeA1(1){A_{1}^{(1)}}given by Kang, Kashiwara, Kim, Oh and Park in terms of quiver-Hecke algebras with the one given by Cautis and Williams in terms of equivariant perverse coherent sheaves on the affine Grassmannians.
A note on the convergence of Phillips operators by the sequence of functions via q-calculus
Authors: Kiliçman Adem , Ayman-Mursaleen Mohammad , Nasiruzzaman Md.
Published: September 2022

The basic aim of this study is to include nonnegative real parameters to allow for approximation findings of the Stancu variant of Phillips operators. We concentrate on the uniform modulus of smoothness in a simple manner before moving on to the approximation in weighted Korovkin’s space. Our study’s goals and outcomes are to fully develop the uniformly approximated findings of Phillips operators. We determine the order of convergence in terms of Lipschitz maximal function and Peetre’s K-functional. In addition, the Voronovskaja-type theorem is also proved.
Application of vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance methods for drugs pharmacokinetics research
Authors: Rafalskiy Vladimir V. , Zyubin Andrey Yu. , Moiseeva Ekaterina M. , Kupriyanova Galina S. , Mershiev Ivan G. , Kryukova Nadezhda O. , Kon Igor I. , Samusev Ilya G. , Belousova Yana D. , Doktorova Svetlana A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The development of new methods for determining the concentration of drugs is an actual topic today. The article contains a detailed review on vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance methods using for pharmacokinetic research. This study is devoted to the possibility of using vibrational spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the concentration of drugs and the use of these groups of techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Content

The study was conducted by using scientific libraries (Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, GoogleScholar, eLIBRARY, PubMed) and reference literature. A search was conducted for the period from 2011 to 2021 in Russian and English, by combinations of words: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), vibrational spectroscopy, Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy, drug concentration, therapeutic drug monitoring. These methods have a number of advantages and are devoid of some of the disadvantages of classical therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) methods – high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. This review considers the possibility of using the methods of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and 1H NMR-spectroscopy to assess the concentration of drugs in various biological media (blood, urine), as well as to study intracellular metabolism and the metabolism of ophthalmic drugs. 1Н NMR-spectroscopy can be chosen as a TDM method, since it allows analyzing the structure and identifying metabolites of various drugs. 1Н NMR-based metabolomics can provide information on the side effects of drugs, predict response to treatment, and provide key information on the mechanisms of action of known and new drug compounds.

Summary and outlook

SERS and 1Н NMR-spectroscopy have great potential for further study and the possibility of introducing them into clinical practice, including for evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs.
SLCO1B1 c.521T>C gene polymorphism decreases hypoglycemia risk in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ragia Georgia , Atzemian Natalia , Maslarinou Anthi , Manolopoulos Vangelis G.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Pharmacogenomics can explain some of the heterogeneity of sulfonylurea (SU)-related hypoglycemia risk. Recently, a role of OATP1B1, encoded by SLCO1B1 gene, on SU liver transport prior of metabolism has been uncovered. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential association of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism, leading to reduced OATP1B1 function, with SU-related hypoglycemia risk.

Methods

Study cohort consists of 176 type 2 diabetes patients treated with the SUs glimepiride or gliclazide. 92 patients reported SU-related hypoglycemia, while 84 patients had never experienced a hypoglycemic event. Patients were previously genotyped for CYP2C9 *2 and *3 variant alleles that lead to decreased enzyme activity of the SU metabolizing enzyme CYP2C9 and have been associated with increased SU-related hypoglycemia risk. SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism was genotyped by use of PCR-RFLP analysis.

Results

SLCO1B1 c.521TC genotype frequency was significantly lower in hypoglycemic cases than non-hypoglycemic controls (15.2% vs. 32.1%, p=0.008). In an adjusted model, c.521TC genotype significantly reduced the risk of hypoglycemia (OR 0.371; 95% C.I. 0.167–0.822; p=0.015). In CYP2C9 intermediate metabolizers (n=54) c.521TC genotype frequency was significantly decreased in cases compared to controls (3 out of 36 cases, 8.3% vs. 7 out of 18 controls, 38.9%, p=0.012). A similar albeit not significant difference of SLCO1B1 c.521TC genotype was present in CYP2C9 extensive metabolizers (n=120) (18.2% in cases vs. 30.8% in controls, p=0.113).

Conclusions

We have found a protective effect of SLCO1B1 c.521C variant on SU-related hypoglycemia risk both independently and in interaction with CYP2C9 phenotypes. Our results suggest a possible linkage of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism with variants in other genes impairing OATPs expressed in pancreatic islets that could interfere with SU tissue distribution.
The affective allure – a phenomenological dialogue with David Miall’s studies of foregrounding and feeling
Authors: Sopcak Paul , Kuiken Don
Published: September 2022

This paper attempts to rescue the notion of foregrounding from the prevailing focus on defamiliarization. It does so by engaging in a phenomenological dialogue with David Miall’s account of foregrounding and feeling and Viktor Shklovsky’s discussion of literary device and aesthetic function. In particular, it contextualizes Miall’s proposal of the response to foregrounding as a feeling-guided process involving boundary crossings, a defamiliarization-refamiliarization cycle, and self-transformative feelings within Husserl’s philosophical analysis of sense constitution. Miall’s feeling explorations and explications find their counterpart in Husserl’s active egoic turning toward the affective allure and enticement of affective resonances. Using Miall’s work as a touchstone, some frequently overlooked aspects of Shklovsky’s conception of ostranenie are clarified by drawing on Husserl’s notions of the natural attitude, active and passive synthesis, affective allure, expressive explication, and awakenings.
Use of letrozole to augment height outcome in pubertal boys: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Likki Snigdha R. , Allen Holley F. , Knee Alexander , Tonyushkina Ksenia N.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We describe growth patterns and predicted adult height (PAH) in pubertal boys treated with letrozole and evaluate the potential predictors of growth responses.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 2002 to 2020. All subjects were treated for ≥6 months and had at least 3 height measurements to calculate the growth velocity (GV) before and during treatment. We evaluated growth measurements, bone age, and biochemical parameters before, during and after treatment.

Results

A total of 59 subjects aged 12.7 (± 1.7) years old were included. At treatment initiation, bone age was 13.1 (± 1.5) years and predicted adult height (PAH) was 163.8 (± 9.9) cm compared to mid-parental height of 172.4 (± 5.8) cm. Growth velocity decreased during letrozole therapy and rebounded after completion. Sub-analysis of 26 subjects with bone age data available at baseline and at least 1 year later showed a trend to modest increase in PAH. In boys simultaneously receiving growth hormone (rhGH), the change in PAH was significantly more (3.2 cm, p<0.05) compared to those treated with letrozole alone.

Conclusions

We show that letrozole appropriately slows down skeletal maturation and GV responses are variable. Possible negative predictors include lower baseline GV and advanced bone age. A small positive trend in PAH with letrozole therapy is augmented by simultaneous use of rhGH. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand which group of patients will benefit from treatment.
Utility of head CT scan in treatment decisions for suspected cerebral edema in children with DKA
Authors: Wilkinson Kristy , Sanghamitra Sinha , Nair Priya , Sanchez Javier , Ambati Shashikanth
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Cerebral edema (CE) remains one of the most feared complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with severe morbidity and mortality. The use of computerized tomography (CT) scan in the setting of suspected cerebral edema in DKA has been minimally studied. The objective of our study was to evaluate the utility of CT scans in children with suspected cerebral edema, and secondarily to analyze the various patient characteristics of those with and without cerebral edema.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all the children with DKA secondary to T1DM admitted to our tertiary PICU in order to obtain demographic data, laboratory results, and their treatment course. Differences between the groups of suspected CE and no suspected CE were compared using linear and logistic regression for continuous and binary variables respectively.

Results

We identified 251 patients with DKA, 12 of which had suspected CE; 67% (8/12) of those patients received head CT and 87.5% (7/8) of them were read as normal. On the other hand, 33% (4/12) did not receive CT scan of head, and yet three of the four patients were treated for CE.

Conclusions

In our cohort of patients, CT results did not influence CE treatment or lack thereof; most patients with suspected CE were treated with or without head CT findings of CE, indicating that imaging has very little utility in our cohort of patients. In some cases, the use of head CT delayed the onset of treatment for CE.
Re-constructing Kant: Kant’s Teleological Moral Realism
Authors: Rodriguez Facundo
Published: September 2022

It is common for constructivists to claim that Kant was the first philosopher to understand moral facts as ‘constructions of reason’. They think that Kant, just like the constructivist, proposes a procedure – the Categorical Imperative – from which the order of value can be ‘constructed’ and grounds the validity of this construction procedure not in some previous value but in its capacity to solve a practical problem, the problem of ‘free agency’. I here argue that this reading is misguided and propose that we read Kant as a teleological realist instead. Kant is a realist in that he takes the value of rational nature to be objective and so not ‘constructed’. Kant is a teleological realist insofar as his derivation of the moral law from the objective value of rational nature relies on a teleological understanding of rational nature.
Kantian Constructivism and the Sources of Normativity
Authors: Schaab Janis David
Published: September 2022

While it is uncontroversial that Kantian constructivism has implications for normative ethics, its status as ametaethicalview has been contested. In this article, I provide a characterisation of metaethical Kantian constructivism that withstands these criticisms. I start by offering a partial defence of Sharon Street’spractical standpoint characterisation.However, I argue that this characterisation, as presented by Street, is ultimately incomplete because it fails to demonstrate that the claims of Kantian constructivism constitute a distinctive contribution to metaethics. I then try to complete the practical standpoint characterisation by elaborating on Christine Korsgaard’s suggestion that metaethical Kantian constructivism takes up a position on thesourceof morality’s normativity.
Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
Authors: Wang Kailing , Li Yong , Pan Jianfeng , He Huifang , Zhao Ziyi , Guo Yiming , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: September 2022

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are life-threatening chronic liver diseases, mainly including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and AIH–PBC overlap syndrome (OS), which are difficult to distinguish clinically at early stages. This study aimed to establish model to achieve the purpose of the diagnosis of AIH/PBC OS in a noninvasive way. A total of 201 AILDs patients were included in this retrospective study who underwent liver biopsy during January 2011 to December 2020. Serological factors significantly associated with OS were determined by the univariate analysis. Two multivariate models based on these factors were constructed to predict the diagnosis of AIH/PBC OS using logistic regression and random forest analysis. The results showed that immunoglobulins G and M had significant importance in both models. In logistic regression model, anti-Sp100, anti-Ro-52, anti-SSA, or antinuclear antibody positivity were risk factors for OS. In random forest model, activated partial thromboplastin time and ɑ-fetoprotein level were important. To distinguish PBC and OS, the sensitivity and specificity of logistic regression model were 0.889 and 0.727, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of random forest model were 0.944 and 0.818, respectively. In conclusion, we established two predictive models for the diagnosis of AIH/PBC OS in a noninvasive method and they showed better performance than Paris criteria for the definition of AIH/PBC OS.
Numerical simulation of heat pump drying system for paper exhaust hood
Authors: Yan Yan , Li Wen
Published: September 2022

In view of the present situation that the exhaust waste heat of the hot air hood in the paper drying section is too much and the environment is not friendly, a closed heat pump drying system model applied to the exhaust air hood is proposed and established. Effects of evaporation temperature and condensation temperature on supply air temperature, supply air moisture content, system performance coefficient (COP) and dehumidification energy consumption ratio (SMER) were studied. Results show that with the increase of condensation temperature, the supply air temperature is unchanged, and the moisture content of the supply air increase, while the COP and SMER of the system show a downward trend. The moisture content of supply air decrease with the increase of evaporation temperature, while the supply air temperature, COP and SMER all show an upward trend. Therefore, in order to improve the drying characteristics and improve the performance of the heat pump system, the condensation temperature can be reduced and the evaporation temperature can be increased.
Categorizing threat types and cyber-assaults over Internet of Things-equipped gadgets
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Gupta Anand Kumar , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets are very attractive globally, and IoT facilities are universal. Their progress has not been ignored, and the number of invaders and outbreaks on IoT and facilities is growing. Because cyber-assaults are zero-trust to the IoT, and the IoT is deeply ingrained in our lives and culture, we must embrace a comprehensive Zero-Trust strategy for cyber defense. As a result, the new model is no longer vulnerable to fear and outbreak on the IoT structure. In this article, an effort is made to categorize threat types and analyze and explain invaders and assaults on IoT gadgets and facilities.
Distinct Genotype of Hantavirus Infection in Rodents in Jiangxi Province, China, in 2020–2021
Authors: Deng Xuefei , Xie Yun , Du Shanshan , Huang Xiaoxia , Wang Qin , Li Aqian , Li Chuan , Ding Sheng , Sun Lina , Wu Wei , Li Hao , Xie Chun , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Jiandong
Published: September 2022

Background:

Hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, thus posing a major threat to human health in Jiangxi Province, China. Both Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) have been found to be endemic in the province.

Methods:

Rodents were trapped from Gaoan Anyi and Tonggu counties in Jiangxi Province in 2020–2021. Hantavirus specific antibodies in the blood and RNA in the lung samples from the captured mammals were detected and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 889 small mammals from seven species were collected. Positive detection was observed for hantavirus antibodies in 9.8% (87/889), SEOV RNA in 1% (9/889) and HTNV RNA in 2.6% (23/889). The difference in detection rates between regions was significant. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained partial sequences of M and S segments revealed that two distinct genotypes of HTNV and three genotypes of SEOV were co-circulating in the captured mammals, with a regionally specific distribution.

Conclusion:

Multiple distinct genotypes of hantavirus are co-circulating in the province. Further studies in broader areas remain needed to reveal the diversity of hantaviruses.
Le bagage culturel des élèves au service de l’interprétation d’une œuvre résistante au secondaire
Authors: Miquelon Alexie
Published: September 2022

La dévalorisation de l’investissement subjectif des élèves du secondaire dans le cadre des lectures scolaires et leur mauvaise compréhension de ce qui est attendu lorsqu’on leur demande d’interpréter des textes amènent des difficultés lors de leur lecture de textes résistants. Pour remédier à ces difficultés, nous avons conçu et mis en œuvre une séquence didactique autour du roman Les lettres chinoises. L’objectif principal de cette séquence didactique est d’améliorer la compétence à interpréter des élèves. Les activités d’enseignement et d’apprentissage proposées misent sur la valorisation de l’investissement subjectif des élèves et permettent de mettre en valeur leur bagage culturel. La séquence didactique inclut des activités centrées sur le développement de stratégies de lecture et la socialisation d’hypothèses interprétatives. Les élèves ont accueilli favorablement les activités, qui se sont avérées très formatrices, et leurs réponses à l’examen de lecture qui a clos la séquence montrent des interprétations variées et ancrées textuellement.
L' apprentissage en profondeur : une voie prometteuse pour développer les compétences du 21e siècle à l'école St-Vincent
Authors: Brochu Danny , Villemure Érika
Published: September 2022

Depuis maintenant deux ans, l’école primaire St-Vincent vise à développer les compétences du 21e siècle auprès des élèves. À titre de conseiller pédagogique et d’enseignante, nous vous proposons d’expliquer ce projet du point de vue des praticiens. Pour ce faire, nous présenterons brièvement le cadre de référence utilisé, puis nous nous attarderons aux défis que représente ce type de projet au regard des pratiques enseignantes. Nous vous présenterons également les modalités d’accompagnement du personnel scolaire mis en place et l’exemple d’un projet réalisé.
Développement de la compétence culturelle et de la pensée critique chez les futures enseignantes et futurs enseignants : l’exemple innovant du projet-pilote Passeurs culturels à l’Université de Sherbrooke
Authors: Lépine Martin , Nadeau Anne , Gagnon Mathieu , Alexandre Fednel , Laurence Stéphanie
Published: September 2022

Le développement de la compétence culturelle du corps enseignant apparait essentiel, en particulier lorsqu’il est question de la pensée critique, une des compétences du 21e siècle. Cet article présente un portrait du rapport à la culture de futures enseignantes et de futurs enseignants ayant pris part au projet-pilote Passeurs culturels. Les données analysées révèlent que plus de la moitié ont vu ce rapport se développer en quelques mois, contribuant ainsi à les rendre plus ouverts et critiques face au monde qui les entoure et à envisager de façon plus responsable leur rôle de passeurs culturels auprès des élèves.
Molecular and quantitative genetic analysis of the neotropical tree Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg.
Authors: Homczinski Isabel , Lerner Jocasta , Peres Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira , Gasparin Ezequiel , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner
Published: September 2022

Campomanesia xanthocarpa is a fruit tree species of the Myrtaceae family with potential for fruit commercialization; however, studies on the genetic diversity and variability of the species are necessary to make it commercially viable. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity and intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS) of a C. xanthocarpa population and compare the genetic parameters of quantitative traits between and within open-pollinated progenies. For the analysis of genetic diversity, 80 individuals from a population in the Irati National Forest, Parana, Brazil, were analyzed. The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, fixation index (F), and intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS) were assessed. To analyze the quantitative traits, a field progeny test was installed using a randomized block design with nine progenies, three blocks, and four plants per plot at a spacing of 9 m². Total height (H), basal diameter (dbase), crown length and diameter (Ccrown and dcrown) at two years and nine months of age were measured. For the studied population, Ho and He had an average of 0.478 and 0.717, respectively, with an average fixation index of 0.333, suggesting that the population may be suffering from inbreeding. We found linkage disequilibrium for one evaluated pair of loci. SGS suggested a minimum distance of 25 to 50 m between mother trees for seed collection. For the quantitative genetic analyses, we found that average heritability ranged of 0.15 to 0.55 being considered from moderate (dbase) to high (H, Ccrown and dcrown). The traits H and dcrown were particularly noteworthy and can be used to obtain superior genotypes for the other traits (dbase and Ccrown), since the correlation was significant and high (> 0.80). The results provide applicable information for the implementation of breeding and conservation programs for the species.
Theoretical modelling of temperature changes during induction heating of magnetite suspensions
Authors: Saliy Ya.P. , Lishchynskyy I.M. , Tatarchuk T.R.
Published: September 2022

Although now it is customary to use magnetic hyperthermia in the treatment of oncological diseases as an auxiliary method, detailed modeling of the tissue heating process with parameters close to real ones will allow this method to be included in the main ones. Modelling of liquid heating with evenly distributed identical energy sources was presented. It allows choosing the optimal modes of using hyperthermia in real conditions. The model is based on experimental data and explains the dependence of the temperature of magnetite particles’ aqueous suspension versus the time. Newton's law equations were used for modelling of dependence of body temperature versus time at a constant temperature Tenv. It was hypothesized that the overheating problem could be avoided by using controlled concentrations of magnetite. The obtained results show that about 40 mg/cm3 of magnetite is required to avoid overheating.
Comparison of steam explosion, dilute acid, and alkali pretreatments on enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of hardwood sawdust
Authors: Dziekońska-Kubczak Urszula , Berłowska Joanna , Dziugan Piotr , Patelski Piotr , Balcerek Maria , Pielech-Przybylska Katarzyna , Czyżowska Agata , Domański Jarosław
Published: September 2022

Effects were compared for three low-cost pretreatment methods (dilute acid, alkali, and steam explosion) relative to the effectiveness of environmentally friendly enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation of aspen, birch, and oak chips. The highest monomeric sugar yield was achieved with the alkali pretreatment of the aspen chips (22 g/L of glucose and 6 g/L of xylose). Additionally, the concentration of lignocellulose degradation products formed during this pretreatment was relatively low, and so the hydrolysis and fermentation efficiencies were 80% and 85%, respectively. The application of dilute acid pretreatment led to lower yield of enzymatic hydrolysis in comparison with alkali pretreatment, resulting in 41% to 62% of theoretical yield for aspen and birch chips, respectively. Increasing the NaOH concentration led to an increase in the monomeric sugar yield, and consequently increased the hydrolysis and fermentation yields. By contrast, increasing the acid concentration resulted in a higher sugar yield, and the fermentation efficiency decreased. The applied steam explosion conditions resulted in the formation of 6.8 to 15.4 g glucose/L, with hydrolysis yield in the range 34 to 42% of theoretical. The most susceptible for pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be aspen biomass.
Renewable pellets obtained from aspen and birch bark
Authors: Dumitraşcu Ramona , Lunguleasa Aurel , Spîrchez Cosmin
Published: September 2022

In the industrial processing of logs, large amounts of bark can be utilized as pellets. This study sought to establish conditions for the efficient use of bark, in the form of pellets, as a solid, renewable fuel. First, the physical properties of the bark (10% moisture content, 618-kg/m3densityfor aspen, and 749-kg/m3 density for birch) and pellets obtained from the shredded bark were determined. Then, the calorific properties (calorific value, calorific density, and ash content) of the shredded native bark and bark treated at 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C for 1h, 2h, and 3 h were determined. The sawdust samples that underwent the torrefaction treatment were analyzed to find the mass loss. The mass losses of the birch bark were 20.0% (native bark) to 39.0% after a heat treatment at 220 °C for 3 h. An increased calorific value, up to 9.6%, showed that both the temperature and duration of the treatment improved the calorific properties of the bark. The findings of this paper highlighted the fact that bark can be used as a fuel source in log processing factories.
Weathering’s effect on color and roughness in some heat-treated wood species with modified water-based varnish
Authors: Aytin Ayhan , Çakıcıer Nevzat
Published: September 2022

Heat treatment in wood materials and the use of water-based varnishes (WBV) in furniture made from heat-treated wood materials come to the fore in terms of supporting environmentally friendly production in the wood sector. In this study, the total color changes (ΔΕ*) and surface roughness (SR) were investigated after heat-treated tree species were exposed to natural and accelerated weathering with and without varnish. In this context, test samples were first divided into two groups. Surface treatment was applied to the samples in the first group by applying modified WBV (A1) and normal WBV (A2), and the second group was left unvarnished. Then, one group of the varnished samples was subjected to natural weathering (NAT) for 90 days and the other group was subjected to accelerated weathering (QUV) for 720 h with VAS samples, and then the ΔΕ* and SR values of the samples were calculated. The results revealed that ΔΕ* was the lowest in the QUV WBV group, and NAT was more effective than QUV in ΔΕ*. The highest SR values among all groups were measured in the VAS group, and among the varnished samples, there was no statistical difference between A1 and A2 in SR values, except for Rq.
Integrated Structures of Corporations: Ukrainian Legal Reality
Authors: Kostruba Anatoliy
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of legal nature of the mechanism for association of legal entities. Such associations of legal entities are realized in order to attract not only capital and other production resources, including labor, but also in order to satisfy nonproperty interests.Legal capacity of legal entities in the process of their merger is analyzed, based on what – statutory or contractual – association of corporations is determined. The statutory association does not lead to the creation of another fiction other than a legal entity, due to which it is ensured through its inherent organizational legal forms. The contractual association does not require the formation of a new legal entity (concern, consortium, association (union), syndicate, conglomerate, cartel, pool).In the event of such consolidation of legal entities, the contractual structure of a simple company or other joint activity is formed, formally close to such person at law as a legal entity. The difference between the above procedure of merging from the first option lies in the degree of autonomy of the members from each other, as well as in the expected result of such merger.
Formation of the System of Legal Protection of Intellectual Property in Ukraine and Modern Problems of Its Development
Authors: Myronenko Nataliia
Published: September 2022

The article consistently identifies the stages of formation of legislation in the field of intellectual property and provides a general description of them. The impact on its formation of EU legislation, the TRIPSS Agreement and the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU is determined. Theoretical approaches to determining the essence of codification of legislation as a legal phenomenon are analyzed. The features of codification as an activity and as a result are distinguished. The experience of foreign countries in the codification of legislation in the field of intellectual property and different approaches to determining the type of codification act are analyzed. The stages of codification of legislation in the field of intellectual property are singled out and their content is determined.
Reform of Civil Procedural Legislation of Ukraine and Problems of its Implementation
Authors: Shtefan Olena
Published: September 2022

New rules for transferring the case from one court to another are being investigated, the conclusion on expanding the competence of the court on this issue is substantiated. The most problematic requirements for the content of the claim, which are not provided with legal and organizational mechanisms, are considered.Particular attention was paid to the problem of implementing “cassation filters”, which have undergone additional changes since the main reform strengthens them. It is proved that this problem is closely related to another one – the problem of defining a certain legal concepts, substantiates a significant expansion of the scope of judicial discretion in determining the grounds for cassation appeal in a particular case.The article considers the possibility of referring to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights as the sources of civil procedural law of Ukraine. The problem of administering justice under martial law received separate consideration.It is concluded that the evaluation of the effectiveness of judicial reform involves its critical consideration by both science and practice, generalization and analysis of law enforcement practice will provide grounds for a final assessment of the quality of reform.
The Measure of Public and Private Law (on Material of Ukrainian Legislation)
Authors: Stovba Oleksiy
Published: September 2022

The article is about the phenomenon of guilt as measure of the public and private law. The guilt originally expresses itself as based on the causality. The legal science considers the guilt as the psychological attitude of the human Being, who has committed the offence towards its social consequences. The guilt as causal relation is localized between intent or negligent deed and caused damage. The form of guilt (intent or negligence) is a marker which allows us to distinguish the areas of private law and public law. The gross negligence is “gray area” between public and private law. So, the true ground of the civil responsibility is guilt as causa, and the determination of guilt as psychical attitude to the deed and its consequences is valid to the area of public law only.
Essence of Criminal Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Timofieieva Liliia
Published: September 2022

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the Convention) takes an important place in the doctrine and practice of criminal law of Ukraine and other countries. However, it could present some differences in interpretation of the provisions of the Convention in the Ukrainian legislation and in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The aim of the article is to approximate national criminal law to international standards and the practice of the ECHR. The object of the article is essence of Criminal Law in the practice of the ECHR.
Regarding the Right to Creative Freedom in the Context of Conflict with Property Rights as Examplified by Street Art
Authors: Glotov Sergiy
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the issue of evaluation of the street artists’ rights to their work from the point of view of the owner and the architect of the building through the prism of the rights of the latter. After all, upon the appearance of a graffiti, mural, or another street art work on someone’s property, the conflict of rights and interests between the aforesaid persons is inevitable. It is argued that a street artist cannot always claim the copyright holder status. And when they can, their copyright ranks last in the hierarchy of the rights of the concerned rights holders.
Contribution of water fluoridated to facial aesthetics in a context of low prevalence of caries
Authors: Bortolo da Cruz Mariângela Guanaes , Capel Narvai Paulo
Published: September 2022

Background: Fluoridated water adds a preventive benefit against caries, even in epidemiological scenarios with a low prevalence of the disease. It is not known whether in such contexts this public health technology has an impact on facial aesthetics, as the preventive effect of fluoridated water on anterior, aesthetically relevant, and posterior teeth groups is different. In this article this possible effect is evaluated. Methods: Two ssimultaneous, epidemiological census population surveys, were carried out in two Brazilian cities with low prevalence of caries: Silveiras (fluoridated), and São José do Barreiro (not fluoridated). The values ​​of the Decayed, Missing and Filling Teeth - DMFT index were organized according to their distribution by two teeth groups, called “anterior” and “posterior”. In order to make comparisons and evaluate the meaning of the values ​​found in the census, the proportions of the participation of anterior teeth groups at the age of 12 years were calculated in databases of epidemiological population surveys of caries made available by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health of São Paulo University, carried out in Santos-1995 (fluoridated), in Suzano-2012 (fluoridated), as well as the research São Paulo State- SB-SP-2015 (fluoridated and not). Results: The mean DMFT index was 1.7 (sd=1.9) in Silveiras, and 2.6 (sd=3.4) in São José do Barreiro. The average DMFT was: 1.73 (1.57-1.89) in Santos, 1.21 (1.02-1.39) in Suzano, 1.89 São Paulo state (exposed fluoridation) and 2.38 (not exposed). The percentage share of anterior teeth groups in the composition of the DMFT values, at 12 years of age, was: Silveiras 4.33, São José do Barreiro 14.11, Santos 4.08, Suzano 4.44, and in São Paulo state 4.54 (exposed) and 7.54 (not exposed). Conclusion: Water fluoridation produces epidemiological effects on anterior teeth groups, even in contexts of low disease prevalence. This effect is relevant in permanent teeth, helping to prevent losses and preserve dental occlusion, thereby improving facial esthetics.
Exploring Informal Vocational Training (IVT) and its Missing Accreditation Link with Formal Vocational, Technical and Professional Education and their Implications: A Sociological Study in a City of India
Authors: Bazaz Rabiya Yaseen , Akram Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Aim. This empirical study aims to conceptualise the prevalence of Informal Vocational Training (IVT) in India. It also explores the missing link at accreditation level between IVTs and other formal vocational, technical and professional courses and depicts their implications in the occupational, economic, social and cultural lives of people.
Methods. This study was conducted in the Srinagar city of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir in India. Both the survey method and the case method were used for collecting the primary data and applying triangulation methodologically.
Results. This study reveals that elites generally dominate in the prestigious technical and professional courses because of better accessibility and affordability, and that the vulnerable sections miss many of these opportunities. The vulnerable sections very often get the benefits of IVTs learnt outside the formal system in finding some employment, but such employment attracts lower prestige and income than what they get through formal technical and professional courses. IVTs find no academic recognition in the existing accreditation system, and so people culturally and socially associated with these IVTs continue to remain deprived.
Conclusion. There is a need to develop a credit-based link between IVTs and formal vocational, technical and professional courses so that the skills learnt through IVTs could get transferred to the formal system and attract better occupational and economic rewards. The findings are relevant for both developing and developed societies, but more particularly for societies having a considerable presence of informal economy because IVTs exist more within these economies.
Effects of Performance Appraisal on Remuneration Practices and its Impact on Motivation of Employees in Public and Private Sector Companies in Kosovo
Authors: Sylqa Driton , Neziraj Emin
Published: September 2022

Aim. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of reward policies that are based on performance evaluation of employees. The study links employee performance appraisal with remuneration and other used features for capacity building of employees.
Methods. The research consists of primary and secondary data, according to the quantitative method with deductive approach by using the comparison of correlation in analysis. Apart from literature review, the research involves surveys with different entities that would bring an insight into the present situation pertaining to reward practices.
Results. The study confirms the significance of the problem between performance evaluation and reward, since there is a weak connection between reward systems and employee’ needs. The majority of respondents approve that reward is bound to the systematic performance appraisal. Results indicate that work experience, acquired knowledge and skills are more often being used, based on high correlation coefficient .435-.784. The ANOVA model shows the accuracy of the regression model with the significance p < .001, whereas the value of independent variables, 66.766 may be used for further research.
Conclusions. There is a slight difference between public and private companies concerning the research phenomenon, which makes it a good topic for further research in this field. Based on the study outcomes, we recommend that managers can use promotion as a tool to motivate employees to perform at a higher level and attain their work objectives, especially those that operate in the private sector.
Brief Solution Focused Therapy in Ukraine to Work with People with Emotional, Cognitive and Behavioural Disorders
Authors: Levus Nadiia , Hupalovska Viktoriia , Salamon Oleh , Yurkiv Yuliya
Published: September 2022

Aim. To study the way how Brief Solution Focused Therapy (BSFT) tackles emotional, cognitive and behavioural disorders. To provide basic definitions of such disorders and identify major approaches and techniques focusing on Brief Solution Focused Therapy aspects that may be applied in psychotherapeutic works with these people.
Methods. Ana\lysis and synthesis of scientific data regarding defining emotional, cognitive and behavioural disorders. Distinguishing basic diagnostic signs of such disorders in clients. Methods of BSFT psychotherapy.
Results. The following BSFT techniques proved to be the most effective in the work on emotional disorders: problem-free talk, compliments, resource questions and scaling. These techniques can be called the most emotional ones – the techniques that call for your emotions, replenish your psychological resource, help rebuild your emotional attitude to the situation, look at it from a different angle. BSFT-based psycho-correction and psychotherapy of cognitive impairments and behavioural disorders is longer and more fundamental. Effective techniques are goal setting, resource identification, and also there are special turning points, such as the technique of life analysis, which is a variant of scaling as a method, use of coping questions.
Conclusions. BSFT-methods are effective in addressing different disorders – both partial (emotional, behavioural, cognitive) and more complex ones. The fact that BSFT does not focus on the negative emotional conditions, the problem and its causes, enables the depressive clients, grieving clients and clients experiencing loss to relatively fast discover their resources and start building plans, demonstrating how it is possible to optimize the process of overcoming complicated life situations.
Chronic anaemia in children as a manifestation of gastrointestinal disorders
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, University Children’s Hospital, Lublin, Poland, Wronecka Milena , Pac-Kożuchowska Elżbieta ,   III Chair of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Mroczkowska-Juchkiewicz Agnieszka ,   III Chair of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Wronecki Jakub ,   Chair and Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Published: September 2022

Anaemia is a common problem encountered by paediatricians and general practitioners in the paediatric population. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health consequences, slower development and cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify its cause and implement appropriate treatment. Since iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia, oral iron supplementation at appropriate doses should be used as a first step. However, anaemia may be secondary and often the only symptom of pathological processes in the body. It very often accompanies gastrointestinal diseases, which cause impaired absorption of hematopoietic elements, blood loss through the gastrointestinal tract and dysregulation of iron metabolism accompanying chronic diseases. Therefore, anaemia unresponsive to oral iron treatment should prompt diagnosis for gastrointestinal diseases most common in the paediatric population. Specialised investigations should target the suspected clinical entity, enabling its diagnosis. A correct diagnosis allows for optimal treatment of the underlying disease and, as a result, resolution of the pathology triggering anaemia. However, it takes a long time to regain normal intestinal mucosal function, therefore it is often necessary to additionally include intravenous iron infusions and, in selected cases, packed red blood cell transfusions to rapidly normalise red cell system parameters.