bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi dan Akibat Hukum Penerapan Asas Lex Spesialis Derogat Legi Generalis terhadap Keistimewaan Aceh
Authors: Anindyajati Titis , Wijayanti Winda , Putri Intan Permata
Published: February 2022

AbstrakKontestasi penerapan UU Pilkada secara nasional ataukah asas lex specialis derogat legi generalis sebagai permasalahan acuan aturan terkait syarat pengajuan permohonan sengketa Pilkada Aceh. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif terkait UU Pilkada dan Qanun Aceh tentang Pilkada. Permasalahan krusial dalam aturan khusus terkait keistimewaan Aceh yang tidak mengatur syarat ambang batas sehingga asas lex specialis derogate legi generali tidak dapat digunakan pada pengajuan permohonan sengketa pilkada akan bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. UU Pilkada tidak dapat dikesampingkan menjadi dasar permohonan sengketa Pilkada ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Asas itu dapat diterapkan untuk kasus yang memenuhi persyaratan, maka penyusunan hukum yang harmonis menjadi urgensi terbentuknya badan peradilan khusus yang menyelesaikan sengketa pilkada.AbstractThe contestation to National Election Act’s implementation or principle of lex specialis derogat legi generalis as rule’s problem reference to regional dispute in Aceh. This research is a normative legal related to Aceh Election and Qanun on Election. The crucial problem with existence of special rules of Aceh’s privilege are not set by threshold conditions. Lex specialis derogate legi generali’s principle cannot be used in election dispute will contradict the 1945 Constitution. The Election Act cannot be ruled as dispute basis to Constitutional Court. The principle can be applied to cases that requirements, so harmonious legal drafting becomes urgency to formalize a special judicial body.
A comparison between thermal lens and conventional optical spectroscopy for monitoring of a photocatalytic process
Authors: Marin Ernesto , Hernández-Carabalí L. A. , Cedeño E. , Rojas-Trigos J. B. , Alvarado S. , Mansanares A. M. , Isidro-Ojeda M. A. , Vargas E. , Calderón A.
Published: February 2022

We compare the thermal lens (TLS) and the optical transmission (OT) spectroscopy techniques to monitor the kinetic of a photocatalytic reaction. For this, an OT measurement facility was added to a TLS set-up. The TLS was implemented in a microspatial configuration named thermal lens microscopy (TLM). Methylene blue (MB) in Water solutions were used as test samples within a concentration range in which both techniques show good sensibility. Within this range, the limit of detection obtained by TLM was about one order of magnitude lower than that achieved by OT. The methylene blue concentration evolution with photocatalytic reaction time was measured with both techniques, showing a good agreement between their results. A ZnO thin film deposited on a glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique was used as catalyst, and the reaction was induced by UV-violet light.
A combined method of enhanced oil recovery based on ASP technology
Authors: Veliyev E. F.
Published: February 2022

Enhanced oil recovery techniques are growing more urgent each year as the number of mature fields grows. To date, various methods and technologies have been developed based on modern scientific achievements. The ASP technology is a combined method of enhanced oil recovery, which is the injection of a mixture of surfactant, alkali and polymer. The mechanism behind this technology is based on the residual oil mobilization by reducing surface tension with surfactant and alkali, as well as by increasing the sweeping efficiency by the polymer displacement. The success of the ASP technology implementation largely depends on the type of microemulsion formed, traditionally described by the Winsor classification and directly related to the salinity of the formation water. Thus the value at which a type III microemulsion is formed is taken as the most favorable mineralization value for the introduction of ASP technology. It is in this case that the lowest surface and interfacial tension is observed. However, it should be noted that in practice, maintaining the desired mineralization level of the medium is a technically difficult task due to the change of its values in the injected fluids during the filtration process. There are various approaches to solving this problem, the most common is the injection of low salinity buffer layer between the surfactant and polymer solutions. The presented work dwells upon a study on development of composition for effective implementation of ASP technology in conditions of the Guneshli field (Azerbaijan) has been carried out. The effect of volume and mineralization of preflush layer on formation of the type III emulsion by Winsor classification and possibility of using coloidal dispersed gel particles as a polymer component has been studied.
Research of the widespread methodologies for forecasting gas deposit development under the gas drive
Authors: Matkivskyi S. V.
Published: February 2022

The determination reliability of development technological indicators plays an important role in the further field development, since they affect the field development rate, the drill footage, the amount of capital investments, the construction of ground communications, etc. Therefore, the choice of the methodology for forecasting technological indicators plays a decisive role in making investment decisions. To forecast the technological indicators of the gas/gas-condensate fields development a significant number of methods have been developed, among which the main ones are the methods of integrating the differential equations of fluids unsteady filtration within a porous medium inhomogeneous in reservoir properties, consistent change in stationary states and the basic laws extrapolation of the actual data dynamics. The above methods are characterized by varying degrees of the calculated values reliability ​​and certain technological limitations. To assess the magnitude of the possiblemargin of error in the design of the hydrocarbon fields development, a study of generally accepted methods that are widely used in the oil and gas industry has been carried out. Based on the study results, it has been found that the Petroleum Experts IPM suite software package provides the highest accuracy and reliability of the predicted development indicators, since it takes into account the reservoir properties, phase transformations of complex reservoir hydrocarbon systems and the regularities of fluid movement along the wellbore. The results of the conducted research allow us to assert that the use of the main tools of hydrodynamic modeling in accordance with the world practice of designing the deve-lopment of hydrocarbon fields will increase the production efficiency of residual hydrocarbon reserves at the final stage of development, which form the main potential for increasing its own production in Ukraine.
THE RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF MEANS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS ON THE TOURIST ENTERPRISES COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: VOSKRESENSKA O.Ye. , SOFIIENKO A.V. , VLASENKO N.A. , KOKORIEVA O.V.
Published: February 2022

Topicality. Today, the tourism industry is facing a number of specific problems related to the pandemic. Development and support of tourism in our country is a priority because this industry makes a significant contribution to the development of our country. Therefore, increasing the competitiveness of tourism enterprises is a strategic task today. At the same time, the tourist resources that our country has are used irrationally. Tourism companies do not use marketing management at the appropriate level. Importantly, marketing communications involve not only the impact of the company on the consumer, but also the feedback - the impact of the consumer, which is very important for the company. This connection allows the company to receive useful information that allows properly navigate in the business environment, as well as make adjustments to its activities, in particular, regarding the tools and actions of the communication complex. Properly establishing marketing activities at tourism enterprises will strengthen competitive positions, will allow enterprises to focus on the needs of the market and the interests of consumers.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of marketing communications on the competitiveness of tourism enterprises.Research results. In this paper the state of the market of marketing communications of Ukraine is considered. The volume of marketing services of Ukraine is investigated. The costs of tourist enterprises for marketing communications are analyzed. The use of modern types of marketing communications by these enterprises is tracked. In order to increase the level of competitiveness of tourist enterprises, the article suggests ways to use modern tools of marketing communications.Conclusion. Studies have shown that a travel agency needs to pay attention to the development of domestic tourism to improve its competitive position. Due to this, the company will help improve the situation of domestic tourism in the country and in the city. The proposed marketing communications have had a significant effect on improving the competitiveness of marketing, which are very important for a company operating in the tourism industry. The proposed means of marketing communications will help improve the competitive position of PE "All Tours". It is projected that a significant increase in profits will be possible due to the adjustment of marketing communications not only for a specific segment of consumers, but also for each consumer individually.
Nutrição vitamínica de vacas leiteiras
Authors: Alves Evanilton Moura , Pedreira Márcio dos Santos , Santana Carlos Alberto , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da
Published: February 2022

Objetivou-se com esta revisão abordar assuntos relacionados com a nutrição vitamínica de vacas leiteiras, descrevendo as atividades funcionais das vitaminas bem como a sua essenciabilidade nas dietas. As vitaminas são compostos dietéticos de grande importância na nutrição de vacas de leite, exercem diversas funções no organismo, estão presentes em pequenas quantidades nos alimentos e também são exigidas em pequenas quantidades na dieta destes animais. São classificadas em dois grupos: lipossolúveis (A, D, E e k) e hidrossolúveis (C, E e vitaminas do complexo B). A vitamina A é relacionada com a formação e manutenção da integridade da mucosa, exercendo efeitos favoráveis na resistência a doenças e aspectos reprodutivos; não ocorre na sua forma natural e sim de seus precursores, os carotenos, estando presente nas pastagens; deve ser suplementada no período seco do ano. A vitamina D atua no metabolismo do cálcio e do fósforo; sintetizada pelo próprio animal, através da ação de raios ultravioletas sobre a pele; sua suplementação não é necessária para animais em pastejo, em regiões tropicais. A vitamina E funciona como antioxidante, impedindo a formação de peróxidos, presente principalmente em grãos de cereais, sua suplementação está relacionada com a redução dos índices de mastite em vacas. A vitamina C é sintetizada pelos bovinos em quantidades satisfatórias, não sendo recomendado sua suplementação na dieta. As vitaminas do complexo B são sintetizadas pela microbiota ruminal, suprindo as exigências; entretanto, estudos relatam efeitos aditivos da suplementação de niacina no desempenho de vacas de alta produção.
Produção de leite a pasto com suplementação de cálcio e fósforo na dieta de vacas leiteiras
Authors: Coloni Rodrigo Dias
Published: February 2022

Dentro das inúmeras atividades de produção, o segmento leiteiro procura sempre atender as necessidades tanto dos produtores quanto de seus consumidores. O território brasileiro possui uma população de bovinos para corte e leite, somando um total de 190 milhões de cabeças. Atingimos então a marca de um boi para cada habitante. Cerca de 70 a 80% dos custos de qualquer produção animal está concentrada na alimentação, conferindo não só a quantidade, mas também a qualidade dos ingredientes daquela ração que será fornecida. Na época das águas, temos a presença de uma pastagem forte, equilibrada de acordo com as condições de plantio de cada espécie vegetal. A importância da suplementação alimentar, principalmente em se tratando de minerais como o cálcio e o fósforo, confere uma competência no produto a ser obtido. Como nossas pastagens apresentam uma grande deficiência nesses minerais, é necessário, portanto, realizarmos uma suplementação adequada através de alimentos concentrados providos desses macrominerais que serão úteis para estabelecer o sucesso da atividade em questão.
Variações de cortisol sérico em bovinos de corte (Bos taurus indicus) Nelore e (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) cruzamento industrial, durante o processo de abate
Authors: Ottersbach Robson André , Santos Renato dos , Germano Ricardo de Melo
Published: February 2022

O experimento realizado teve como objetivo verificar os níveis de cortisol sérico em bovinos de corte durante o processo de abate. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de cortisol sérico em (Bos taurus indicus) Nelore e (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) Cruzamento Industrial. Os resultados indicaram que em situações de estresse o nível sérico de cortisol aumentou significativamente em ambos os casos. A determinação dos valores séricos de cortisol mostra-se útil, como método para avaliar os níveis de estresse bovino, pois neste trabalho, os valores avaliados foram significativos durante o processo de atordoamento, comparados com os valores de referências (0,05 a 1,80 mcg/dl). No entanto os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças expressivas entre os genótipos avaliados.
Análise de fatores que influenciam no peso ao nascer e no peso a desmama de cabritos F1 das raças Anglo Nubiano e Saanen criados na região norte do estado do Ceará
Authors: Rêgo João Paulo Arcelino , Oliveira Júnior Antônio Alves de , Lage Yara Araújo , Chapaval Lea
Published: February 2022

A caprinocultura praticada no semi-árido vem, ao longo do tempo, se tornando não só um instrumento de desenvolvimento regional enfocado na atividade de subsistência, mas um eficaz colaborador da produção sustentável das potencialidades agropecuárias do semi-árido Nordestino. Tendo em vista a produção de caprinos para o consumo humano, algumas variáveis devem ser observadas dentro de sua cadeia produtiva, sendo Peso ao Nascer e Peso a Desmama estão estreitamente relacionadas com o desenvolvimento ponderal das raças. O experimento foi realizado com o intuito de analisar os efeitos da influência do peso pós-parto da matriz, sexo da cria e tipo de parto sobre as variáveis Peso ao Nascer e Peso a Desmama em 90 cabritos F1, mestiços das raças Anglo Nubiano e Saanen. Após as análises, os efeitos de peso pós-parto, sexo, e tipo de parto apresentaram significancia (P<0,05) sobre o Peso ao Nascer das crias enquanto que, os efeitos relacionados com o Peso a Desmama não foram significativos.
Mastite em cabras leiteiras x qualidade do leite: pontos importantes para produzir alimentos seguros
Authors: Chapaval Lea
Published: February 2022

A mastite é definida como a inflamação da glândula mamária, e qualquer tipo de lesão do tecido mamário pode induzir uma resposta inflamatória ou mastite. É uma doença de caráter infeccioso que ocorre na glândula mamária, causada por microrganismos existentes no ambiente (mastite ambiental) ou provenientes de animais infectados (mastite contagiosa) que se disseminam no rebanho principalmente no momento da ordenha. Tem grande importância quando se trata de rebanhos leiteiros, pois é responsável por perdas econômicas para muitos produtores. Desta forma, é importante conhecer alguns conceitos e particularidades da espécie caprina para sua eficaz prevenção, detecção e tratamento.
Considerações sobre distúrbios metabólicos em bovinos
Authors: Linhares Cheyla Magdala de Sousa , Souza Junior João Batista Freire de
Published: February 2022

Devido à inserção de grandes quantidades de alimentos energéticos e protéicos na dieta de bovinos, as doenças relacionadas a distúrbios metabólicos estão aparecendo frequentemente nesses animais, provocando assim grandes perdas econômicas, tendo em vista as conseqüências desastrosas ocasionadas por essas doenças. Isso tudo, deve-se ao fato de que esses animais estão mudando de hábito à medida que se faz o melhoramento genético, aumentando cada vez mais a exigência alimentar para suprir suas necessidades.
Estudo dos processos bioquímicos da fermentação, degradação e absorção de nutrientes dos alimentos em ruminantes
Authors: Pinedo Lerner Arévalo , Berenchtein Bernardo , Selem Arm Salah Morsy Amine
Published: February 2022

No Brasil, as gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras possuem grande importância, pois se constituem a base da alimentação animal. O objetivo dessa revisão foi apresentar os principais aspectos relacionados com a bioquímica da fermentação ruminal e assim como a degradação e absorção dos nutrientes dos alimentos que acontece nos ruminantes. O rúmen é responsável por 90 a 100% da digestão dos carboidratos solúveis e ácidos orgânicos, entre 60 a 90% da celulose e hemicelulose, dependendo do grau de lignificação da forragem. Dentro do rúmen, os carboidratos são fragmentados em açúcares simples (hexoses) mediante a atividade das enzimas secretadas pelas bactérias celulolíticas (celulases). No caso das proteínas são digeridas em peptídeos (moléculas menores), aminoácidos livres e amônia e a extensão dessa digestão difere grandemente de acordo com a solubilidade da proteína presente na dieta. As gorduras, ou lipídeos da dieta, formados pelos triglicerídeos são hidrolisados no rúmen a glicerol e ácidos graxos pelos microrganismos. O glicerol é fermentado principalmente a ácido propiônico, embora em estágios transitórios, ácidos succínico e lático também têm sido detectados. Os animais ruminantes suprem suas necessidades diárias de vitaminas do complexo B e K graças a síntese efetiva realizada pelas bactérias presentes no rúmen. Principalmente as vitaminas tiamina (vitamina B1), riboflavina (vitamina B2) e ácido nicotínico geralmente são maiores no conteúdo ruminal no que nos próprios alimentos consumidos pelos animais.
The implication of Jean-Louise Barrault’s best and worst of profession on performing art and the Nigerian society
Authors: Blessing Adjeketa
Published: February 2022

This essay discourses the performing art, as an art form created to reflect the life and culture of the individuals who create them, and their influences on society. A segment of the Nigerian population believes that performing art is a ludicrous art not worthy of being identified with. The analytical method of research is used in the essay. The work of Jean-Louise Barrault; Best and Worst of Profession, is x-rayed in determining what society thinks about the artist, his performance, and its implication to Nigerian society. The essay point first, to performing arts like drama, songs, and music as a means of urging and moving people to social action, and then, to the therapeutic significance to the audience as the second primary concern after the entertainment. The essay recommends that a healing of the Nigerian nation will only be possible when the artist is serious in his performing art as trade.
A new deep-sea mysid, Stellamblyops vassilenkoae gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Northwest Pacific (Crustacea: Mysida)
Authors: Petryashov V.V. , Frutos I.
Published: February 2022

A new mysid genus and species, Stellamblyops vassilenkoae gen. nov., sp. nov., is described. It is the seventh genus of the tribe Amblyopsini. Stellamblyops gen. nov. is characterized by the form of eyes, which are flattened laterally, tear-shaped plates with very long, pointed frontal processus, the uropodal endopod without spines in the statocyst region and the form of the telson, which is elongated, linguiform with minimal width on the distal third, the telson apex with small cleft, whose margins have small spines, distal three-quarters of the lateral margins of the telson with larger spines. All specimens of this species were collected with help of a camera-epibenthic sledge during two deep-sea Russian-German expeditions in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and its adjacent waters: KuramBio expedition (Kurile Kamchatka Biodiversity Studies) and SokhoBio expedition (Sea of Okhotsk Biodiversity Studies): holotype: 1>, length 13.2 mm, 23.08.2012, RV Sonne, KuramBio expedition, st. 09-9, depth: 5399–5408 m, 40°35.48?N; 150°59.92?E – 40°34.25?N; 150°59.91?E; non-type specimens: 1+, length approximately 9.1 mm, 17.08.2012, RV Sonne, KuramBio expedition, st. 07-9, depth: 5216–5223 m, 43°02.84?N; 152°59.43?E – 43°01.49?N; 152°58.36?E; 1juv., length 6.0 mm, 30.07.2012, RV Sonne, KuramBio expedition, st. 01-10, depth: 5418–5429 m, 43°58.26?N; 157°19.67?E – 43°58.33?N; 157°17.97?E; and 1>, length approximately 18.5 mm, 26.07.2015, RV Akademik M.A. Lavrentiev, SokhoBio expedition, st. 09-7, depth: 3371–3377 m, 46°16.16?N; 152°03.10?E – 46°16.07?N; 152°03.32?E.
New genus and species of flower mantids (Insecta: Mantodea: Hymenopodidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Shcherbakov E.O.
Published: February 2022

A peculiar new genus and species of the flower mantids (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae) from South-Eastern Vietnam, Parapsychomantis vietnamensis gen. et sp. nov., is described. The new genus belongs to Acromantinae, Acromantini, as indicated by the diagnostic characters of the tribe and its similarity to Rhomantis Giglio-Tos, 1915, Psychomantis Giglio-Tos, 1915 and Oligomantis Giglio-Tos, 1915. It differs from all of the abovementioned genera by the combination of small vertex process, small medial lobes on mesofemora and by dense, irregular cross-veins network on the forewings. The distribution of the morphological characters directly related to crypsis (leg lobes) among members of the tribe is reviewed and illustrated. The genitalia of the new genus are illustrated and described. Comparison with other species of Acromantini with known genitalia shows noticeable differences in shape of structures and level of sclerotization indicating an understudied diversity of this complex in the tribe. The finding presents an interesting biogeographical problem because all morphologically similar genera are restricted to the south of Sundaland area. Possible explanations include insufficiently dense sampling of the adjacent areas, misleading morphology and past biogeographical factors related to the distribution of Sundaland plant communities. A comprehensive revision of the subfamily is necessary to explain the evolution of crypsis characters and biogeographic distribution. We also present a modified key to the genera and species of Acromantini.
Therian postcranial bones from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan
Authors: Averianov A.O. , Archibald J.D.
Published: February 2022

The Upper Cretaceous (upper Turonian) Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan produces the most diverse Cretaceous therian fauna including one stem marsupial and eleven stem placental taxa known from cranial and dental elements. Some isolated postcranial elements from the Bissekty Formation can be confidently attributed to some of these taxa based on morphology and size. The humeral fragments, astragalus, and calcanei attributed to the deltatheroidan Sulestes karakshi Nessov, 1985 are similar to these bones in other stem marsupials. Postcranial bones referred to Zhelestidae Nessov, 1985 and Asioryctitheria Novacek et al., 1997 possess plesiomorphic therian morphologies, which are also present in some stem marsupials. All fragments of scapula from the Bissekty Formation show a plesiomorphic morphology with a trough-like infraspinous fossa placed medially to the supraspinous fossa. Bones attributed to the stem placental Paranyctoides quadrans (Nessov, 1982) and to the zalambdalestid Kulbeckia kulbecke Nessov, 1993 indicate arboreal and cursorial specializations, respectively. In particular, Kulbeckia Nessov, 1993 is similar to Zalambdalestes Gregory et Simpson, 1926 in having long and distally fused tibia and fibula and a long calcaneal tuber. Its distal humerus has a deep trochlea, large medial trochlear keel, and large capitular tail separated from a cylindrical capitulum by a shallow groove. The upper ankle joint of Kulbeckia has the complete separation of medial and lateral astragalotibial articulations.
Publicity, Propaganda and Press: All India Muslim League in Propagation of Demand for Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Qaisar Shahzad , Begum Jamila
Published: February 2022

The evolution and growth of press in the Subcontinent revolutionized the flow of information and propagation of political activities. All-India Muslim League went through the process of reorganization in the late 1930's and the new political resolve needed more publicity and propaganda to expand further among the masses. League handled the need of the hour by starting its party-owned newspapers while the provincial Leagues and some of the League organs launched their newspapers to publicize policy and program of the party. The major share in the press came from the Leaguers and pro League newspapers from all over India. The last phase of the freedom movement witnessed the emergence of a more radical and outspoken press in support of the demand for Pakistan. Overseas publicity and press remained weak ground for League due it financial constraints. The Middle East zone was omnipresent in League's activities due to its Islamist stance.England publicity wing started working quite late but it remained successful in making a mark over the minds of the public. The American front was neglected and only a few appearances were available to propagate League and its demand for Pakistan.
Defence of Insanity: Its Scope and Application in English law
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Amjad , Mukhtar Hamid , Saqib Kashif Mahmood
Published: February 2022

English Law of Insanity proceeds in making assessments of the legal wrongfulness of an accused by fitting the circumstances within four slots established in line with M’Naghten case.During this process, the judges’ role becomes more robust than the jury as technical and medico legal issues are beyond the grasp of lay jury members.So we offered a critical appraisal of the approach adopted in English Law to fit the psychological science' in legal moulds through vast discretion vested in judges to deal with the defense of insanity. For this purpose, the authors extracted various pieces of information from case laws, books, law commission reports, Acts, statutes, and research articles published related to the subject matter and developed a synthesis to reach a conclusion. Our findings suggest the trial judge decides the extent and types of evidence to be induced for resolving the issues in contention regarding insanity and to be decided by the jury. Some issues pertaining to insanity are too difficult for the trial judge to decide, which requires expert evidence. The application of defense of insanity rests with the evaluation to see whether the judge's discretion has proved a right mechanism to plug medico legal gaps in this process or not.
A Study of Association between Temperament and Perceived Parenting Styles in Middle Childhood
Authors: Nazim Abia , Malik Sumbal Riaz , Suneel Ivan
Published: February 2022

This research explored the relationship of children's temperament dimensions with perceived parenting style during middle childhood. It was quantitative research based on correlational design. The sample comprised of 7 to 11 years old children attending mainstream school and their parents selected through convenient sampling from different schools of Lahore. Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire and Parental Perception Questionnaire was used for data collection. The results indicated that authoritative parenting style shared a significant positive relationship with positive temperamental traits like surgency and effortful control), whereas negative affectivity temperamental dimension had a significant positive association with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. Significant gender differences were witnessed in perceived parenting styles and temperamental dimensions. Findings were discussed in the context of previous research studies.
Variation in Laboratory Reports: Causes other than Laboratory Error
Authors: Pradhan Santosh , Gautam Keyoor , Pant Vivek
Published: February 2022

When a sample of an individual is measured at different times at the same or different clinical laboratory, the results are always different, even the state of health of an individual is the same. This disparity in the results from clinical laboratories might confuse diagnosing, treating, and monitoring disease. Patients and healthcare professionals usually interpret these differences as laboratory errors. However, this might not always be the case, because laboratory test results are highly variable and are neither consistent nor comparable due to several reasons other than laboratory error, namely preanalytical variation, biological variation, and analytical variation.
Incidental Finding of Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus and Absent Left Kidney: A Case Report
Authors: Karki Sital , Khadka Nasatya , Kashyap Basant , Sharma Supriya , Rijal Samita , Basnet Archana
Published: February 2022

Dextrocardia is an unusual inherent positioning of the heart: during fetal life, the heart is flipped to the right side rather than the usual left side. Situs inversus is a rare congenital ailment in which the main internal organs are rearranged or reflected from their natural positions, and when both conditions are present, it is called situs inversus totalis. The majority of the people with situs inversus totalis are unaware of the situation they have because most of them are asymptomatic. It is usually discovered incidentally when they consult the doctor for an unrelated condition. We are reporting a case of a 55-year-old woman who was found to have a situs inversus totalis with an absent left kidney.
Carvajal Syndrome- A Variant of Naxos Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Mandal Krishna Deo , Shrestha Pun Narayan , Ghimire Anjila , Joshi Prakash , Agrawal Sumit , Shrestha Prapti
Published: February 2022

Carvajal syndrome is a rare variant of Naxos disease, a recessive mutation of the desmoplakin gene characterized by presence of woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma and dilated cardiomyopathy, mainly left ventricular involvement. The main clinical complication is progressive heart disease which may lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death in childhood and adolescence. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed by Task Force Criteria. The goal of treatment is to prevent sudden cardiac death by lifestyle modification and regular clinical monitoring with pharmacotherapy. We report a nine years female who had skin and hair abnormality and was admitted with features of heart failure. She was clinically diagnosed as Carvajal syndrome, an under-recognized cardio cutaneous manifestation in children. Clinicians should be aware, if any child present with keratoderma of palm and soles with woolly hair since birth should evaluate for cardiomyopathy. Genetic tests should be done whenever available, for confirming the diagnosis and counseling.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause among Postmenopausal Women in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ojha Neebha , Bista Kesang Diki , Bajracharya Sunita , Katuwal Neeta
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause incorporates vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract symptoms related to estrogen deficiency which affects more than half of postmenopausal women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of genitourinary syndrome of menopause among postmenopausal women attending a tertiary care center.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of tertiary care hospital from October 2019 to April 2021 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 452 6-11). A convenience sampling method was used among postmenopausal women aged 40-75 years attending gynaecology outpatient departments. The information was obtained by interview and examination. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among the 385 postmenopausal women, 285 (74.02%) (69.63-78.40 at 95% Confidence Interval) had a diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The mean age of menopause was 48.2±3.6years. The most common symptom and sign were vaginal dryness in 223 (78.2%) and decreased moisture 200 (70.2%). Regarding the impact of genitourinary syndrome of menopause on quality of life, it least affected the activities of daily living and mostly on sexual functioning.
Conclusions: The study showed three-fourth of postmenopausal women suffered from genitourinary syndrome of menopause which is similar to the previous studies done in other countries, in postmenopausal women. Therefore, understanding genitourinary syndrome of menopause is vital, and assuring women those treatments are available to relieve symptoms may improve their quality of life.
Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory profile of sokeikakketsuto and makyoyokukanto in primary cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Okuyama Tetsuya , Kotsuka Masaya , Yoshida Terufumi , Okumura Tadayoshi , Nishizawa Mikio , Kaibori Masaki , Sekimoto Mitsugu
Published: February 2022

Background: Sokeikakketsuto (SOK) is a Kampo medicine that can mitigate several types of pain, including arthralgia, neuralgia, low back pain, and myalgia, which may be introduced for the treatment of neuropathic pain in anti-cancer therapy. Considering that several Kampo medicines are known to have hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated the pharmacological mechanism of SOK in hepatocytes. Additionally, we examined another Kampo medicine, makyoyokukanto (MAK), as a reference as it has been reported to have similar efficacy for neuropathic pain.Methods: SOK or MAK was incubated with rat primary cultured hepatocytes treated with interleukin (IL)-1β. The induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production, iNOS signaling pathways, and the expression of other inflammatory mediators was investigated.Results: IL-1β activated iNOS induction, followed by NO production. SOK and MAK reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA and its protein and decreased NO production. SOK and MAK also decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and increased the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. Transfection experiments with iNOS promoter-luciferase constructs revealed that MAK reduced iNOS mRNA synthesis and stability; however, SOK only reduced mRNA synthesis. Both medicines suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB but did not block the upregulation of type I IL-1 receptor in two essential signaling pathways.Conclusions: SOK and MAK could prevent NO production by inhibiting iNOS gene expression, partly through NF-κB activation, in inflamed hepatocytes. However, both medicines may have different mechanisms of action in the treatment of injured organs.
Schulzeitverkürzung und Begabtenförderung: Wie unterscheiden sich Würzburger Frühstudierende im acht- (G8) und neunjährigen (G9) Gymnasium?
Authors: Schmiedeler Sandra , Fleischmann Lorena , Greiner Richard , Richter Tobias , Schneider Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

Die Frage, wie sich die Schulzeitverkürzung auf Programme der außerschulischen Begabtenförderung auswirkt, ist bislang wenig beachtet worden. Wir untersuchten, ob sich die Würzburger Frühstudierenden des achtjährigen Gymnasiums (G8) von denen des neunjährigen Gymnasiums (G9) unterscheiden. Hierzu wurden Teilnehmende der G8-Kohorte (N = 377) mit denen der G9-Kohorte (N = 201) hinsichtlich demografischer Variablen, Kriterien im Auswahlverfahren und im Frühstudienverlauf verglichen. In der G9-Kohorte gab es mehr männliche Teilnehmer am Frühstudium, während das Geschlechtsverhältnis in der G8-Kohorte annähernd ausgeglichen war. Das Alter sowie die Klassenstufe bei der Bewerbung lagen in der G8-Kohorte erwartungsgemäß niedriger. Während sich keine Gruppenunterschiede in der Intelligenz zeigten, zeichnete sich die G8-Kohorte durch einen besseren Notendurchschnitt aus. Dagegen wies die G9-Kohorte eine längere (Anzahl der Semester) und umfangreichere (Anzahl der Veranstaltungen) Teilnahme sowie eine höhere Anzahl an Leistungsnachweisen auf. Es scheint, dass die G9-Kohorte mehr Ressourcen für ein Frühstudium aufbringen konnte als die G8-Kohorte.
Uniqueness for active scalar equations in a Zygmund space
Authors: Cozzi Elaine
Published: February 2022

We consider a class of active scalar equations which includes, for example, the 2D Euler equations, the 2D Navier–Stokes equations, and various aggregation equations including the Keller–Segel model. For this class of equations, we establish uniqueness of solutions in the Zygmund space [Formula: see text]. This result improves upon that in ( Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 367 (2015) 3095–3118), where the authors show uniqueness of solutions in [Formula: see text]. As a corollary of our methods, we establish the uniform in space vanishing viscosity limit of Hölder continuous solutions to the aggregation equation with Newtonian potential.
Distinguishing heat-treated dead cells from viable cells using frequency dependence of electrical impedance
Authors: Fujimaki Masahiro , Sei Raimu , Yokoseki Kouhei , Nebuya Satoru , Sakai Rina , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Ujihira Masanobu
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: There is currently no methodology for evaluating the accuracy of ablation in ablation therapy, and thus normal cells in the surrounding area can be damaged, possibly leading to complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to distinguish heat-treated dead cells from viable cells using the electrical impedance-to-frequency ratio as an evaluation index. METHODS: Rat heart striated myocytes were cultured in a monolayer on collagen-coated microelectrodes placed in the center of an electrode-loaded chamber. The cells in the chamber were killed by heat treatment for 5 minutes at 50 °C, and the frequency response of the cell impedance was measured before and after heat treatment. The frequency of the input current was varied from 10 to 100 kHz. The measured electrical impedance at each frequency was divided by the value at 100 kHz, and we refer to the resulting values as the impedance ratio. RESULTS: The impedance ratio was high at low frequencies and low at high frequencies. Furthermore, the impedance ratio was lower at lower frequencies after heat treatment than before heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The electrical impedance ratio can be used to distinguish viable and dead cells after heat treatment.
Cell type-specific orientation and migration responses for a microgrooved surface with shallow grooves
Authors: Nagayama Kazuaki , Hanzawa Tatsuya
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Directional cell migration due to mechanosensing for in vivo microenvironment, such as microgrooved surfaces, is an essential process in tissue growth and repair in both normal and pathological states. Cell migration responses on the microgrooved surfaces might be reflected by the cell type difference, which is deeply involved in cellular physiological functions. Although the responses are implicated in focal adhesions (FAs) of cells, limited information is available about cell migration behavior on the microgrooved surfaces whose dimensions are comparable with the size of FAs. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigated the cell orientation and migration behavior of normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cervical cancer HeLa cells on the microgrooved surface. METHOD: The cells were cultured on the PDMS substrate comprising shallow grooves with 2-µm width and approximately 150-nm depth, which indicates the same order of magnitude as that of the horizontal and vertical size of FAs, respectively. The cell migration and intracellular structures were analyzed by live cell imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The intracellular tension was also assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: VSMCs presenting well-aligned actin stress fibers with mature FAs revealed marked cell elongation and directional migration on the grooves; however, HeLa cells with nonoriented F-actin with smaller FAs did not. The internal force of the actin fibers was significantly higher in VSMCs than that in HeLa cells, and the increase or decrease in the cytoskeletal forces improved or diminished the sensing ability for shallow grooves, respectively. The results strongly indicated that directional cell migration should be modulated by cell type-specific cytoskeletal arrangements and intracellular traction forces. The differences in cell type-specific orientation and migration responses can be emphasized on the microgrooves as large as the horizontal and vertical size of FAs. CONCLUSION: The microgoove structure in the size range of the FA protein complex is a powerful tool to clarify subtle differences in the intracellular force-dependent substrate mechanosensing.
Preparation of layering-structured magnetic fluorescent liposomes and labeling of HepG2 cells
Authors: Chen Mengxiao , Huang Huaying , Pan Yujin , Li Zhenzhen , Ouyang Si , Ren Changjing , Zhao Qiang
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: At present, surgical resection and chemotherapy are still the main treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers, but the curative effect and survival rate are not ideal. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to prepare a carrier with low toxicity, high biocompatibility and targeted transport for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: CdSe quantum dots (QDs) modified with oleic acid were synthesized. Then hydrophobic CdSe QDs and hydrophilic super-paramagnetic Fe3O4 particles were encapsulated into different layers of liposomes to form magnetic fluorescent liposomes (MFLs). MFLs in the aqueous would quickly drift towards the external magnet and the entire process was clearly observed with fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence spectra revealed that the fluorescence properties of MFLs were similar to that of CdSe QDs. RESULTS: QDs had an average size of 3.32 nm with good fluorescence properties. The size of MFLs was about 100 nm (transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the average size of MFLs was about 82.8 nm and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detection showed 111.9 nm). After being cultured with MFLs for 8 h, HepG2 cells were labeled by MFLs, and good fluorescence images were obtained. MTT analysis also expressed their good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION: The prepared MFLs had multi-function and could be used as ideal drug carriers.
Deep learning for general game playing with Ludii and Polygames
Authors: Soemers Dennis J.N.J. , Mella Vegard , Browne Cameron , Teytaud Olivier
Published: February 2022

Combinations of Monte-Carlo tree search and Deep Neural Networks, trained through self-play, have produced state-of-the-art results for automated game-playing in many board games. The training and search algorithms are not game-specific, but every individual game that these approaches are applied to still requires domain knowledge for the implementation of the game’s rules, and constructing the neural network’s architecture – in particular the shapes of its input and output tensors. Ludii is a general game system that already contains over 1,000 different games, which can rapidly grow thanks to its powerful and user-friendly game description language. Polygames is a framework with training and search algorithms, which has already produced superhuman players for several board games. This paper describes the implementation of a bridge between Ludii and Polygames, which enables Polygames to train and evaluate models for games that are implemented and run through Ludii. We do not require any game-specific domain knowledge anymore, and instead leverage our domain knowledge of the Ludii system and its abstract state and move representations to write functions that can automatically determine the appropriate shapes for input and output tensors for any game implemented in Ludii. We describe experimental results for short training runs in a wide variety of different board games, and discuss several open problems and avenues for future research.
An investigation of the design process’s effect on a high-performance building’s actual energy system performance
Authors: Terim Cavka Belgin , Cavka Hasan B. , Salehi M. Mahdi
Published: February 2022

The design intent and the performance targets of projects may sometimes fail to match a building’s actual post-occupancy performance. The mismatch of intended and actual building performance can be attributed to multifarious reasons. This study focuses on the role of project decisions made during design as one of the reasons of shortfall. The aim of the study is to unveil the design decision-making process of a state-of-the-art research building through the analysis of project’s available set of IDP (Integrated Design Process) documentation. To understand the relationship and correlation between the energy performance gap and the decision-making process of the case building, we investigated the design decisions’ effect on the actual performance. The particular emphasis is on the decisions that were based on assumptions rather than measured actual test data for the proposed innovative building systems. The designed heat recovery system, which was dependent on recovered heat from the neighboring research building, had a significant effect on the building’s poor energy performance. We investigated collected project data from coordination meetings, thoroughly analyzed project documentation, and quantified the building’s actual energy performance data. The analysis of the project information shows the ripple effect of decisions that were made based on assumptions, that triggered shortfalls in the building’s overall actual performance. Our qualitative analysis indicates that the poor system performance during operations was related with the design decisions that were not based on the measurement of the actual performance of the existing systems in the neighboring building. The performance of the heat recovery from the neighboring building as a highly dependent Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) analyzed through collected documents and data. The ambiguity of the available heat potential from the neighboring building and related testing issues defined on an explanatory timeline of process coding. The conclusion includes recommendations for the design decision-making process for innovative system integrations for high-performance buildings, and underlines the importance of IDP for complex buildings.