bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the “Dark Side of the Knee”: An Update on Imaging of the Posterolateral Corner
Authors: Castro Miguel Oliveira , Baptista Diogo Correia , Afonso P. Diana
Published: May 2024

The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is a complex anatomical-functional unit that includes ligamentous and tendinous structures that are crucial for joint stability. This review discusses the intricate anatomy, biomechanics, and imaging modalities, as well as the current challenges in diagnosing PLC injuries, with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recognizing the normal MRI anatomy is critical in identifying abnormalities and guiding effective treatment strategies. Identification of the smaller structures of the PLC, traditionally difficult to depict on imaging, may not be necessary to diagnose a clinically significant PLC injury. Injuries to the PLC, often associated with cruciate ligament tears, should be promptly identified because failure to recognize them may result in persistent instability, secondary osteoarthritis, and cruciate graft failure.
Advanced Imaging of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goller Sophia Samira , Sutter Reto
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing with the aging population. Although long-term results are satisfactory, suspected postoperative complications often require imaging with the implant in place. Advancements in computed tomography (CT), such as tin prefiltration, metal artifact reduction algorithms, dual-energy CT with virtual monoenergetic imaging postprocessing, and the application of cone-beam CT and photon-counting detector CT, allow a better depiction of the tissues adjacent to the metal. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high bandwidth (BW) optimization, the combination of view angle tilting and high BW, as well as multispectral imaging techniques with multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination or slice encoding metal artifact correction, have significantly improved imaging around metal implants, turning MRI into a useful clinical tool for patients with suspected TKA complications.
Endowment asset allocations: insights and strategies
Authors: Arnold Tom , Earl John H. , Farizo Joseph , North David
Published: May 2024

Using monthly data from 1997 to 2023, we construct mean-variance optimized portfolios of common university endowment asset classes, including domestic equity, international equity, global bonds, hedge funds, private equity, real estate, and natural resources. We find substantial variation in optimal allocations to these asset classes across subperiods. Some asset classes are substantially more persistent in receiving allocations than others, while some asset classes rarely receive sizable allocations at all. Our results highlight the relevance of asset allocation in portfolio performance and may inform future decisions by institutional investors and endowment portfolio managers.
Gospel or curse: the impact of religious beliefs on energy poverty in rural China
Authors: Dong Jie , Ren Yanjun , Glauben Thomas
Published: May 2024

Energy poverty, especially in rural areas, has become a central focus of scholarly and policy discussions. However, there is a significant gap in understanding the impact of religious beliefs on this phenomenon. This paper aims to fill this gap by utilizing household survey data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) spanning three waves (2012, 2014, and 2016) to examine the causal link between religious beliefs and energy poverty, covering clean energy accessibility and affordability among rural residents. Our analysis unveils a substantial positive influence of religious beliefs on the likelihood of experiencing energy poverty, especially concerning accessibility and affordability. This effect is notably pronounced among males, ethnic minorities, and low-income groups. Low income and education are recognized as pivotal mediating factors through which religious beliefs contribute to energy poverty. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for formulating strategies to mitigate energy poverty in rural China, with a particular emphasis on the role of religious beliefs.
A spin-wave frequency demultiplexer based on YIG nanowaveguides intersecting at a small angle
Authors: Nikolaev K. O. , Raskhodchikov D. , Bensmann J. , Lomonte E. , Jin L. , Schmidt R. , Kern J. , Michaelis de Vasconcellos S. , Bratschitsch R. , Demokritov S. O. , Pernice W. H. P. , Demidov V. E.
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a simple design for a spin-wave frequency demultiplexer based on submicrometer-width yttrium iron garnet waveguides intersecting at an angle of 30°. We show that, depending on the frequency, spin waves excited in the input arm of the device are predominantly directed to one of the two output arms. This spin-wave routing is characterized by a large extinction ratio of about 10. The frequency response of the demultiplexer can be efficiently controlled by changing the static magnetic field and the geometry of the device. Due to the small intersection angle and symmetry of the device, its operation does not require conversion between different types of spin-wave modes. This results in a high efficiency of the device and allows its facile integration into magnonic networks for complex signal processing and computing with spin waves.
Effects of microscopic pore-throat structure on gas–liquid relative permeability: Porous media construction and pore-scale simulation
Authors: Wei Bei , Zhang Yang , Hou Jian , Zhao Dong , Liu Yongge , Guo Zhixin , Yang Xiaoke
Published: May 2024

The porous media structure of the oil/gas reservoir changes greatly after long-term development, which subsequently influences the macroscopic relative permeability. To clarify the effects of microscopic pore-throat structure on macroscopic relative permeability, we first proposed a method to generate two-dimensional porous media images with adjustable structure parameters. The method is based on Delaunay triangulation and is similar to the pore-network generation process, which can provide binary images for direct numerical simulation of flow through porous media. Then, we established the single component multiphase Shan–Chen lattice Boltzmann method coupling the real gas equation of state. Finally, we discussed the effect of pore radius, coordination number, pore-throat ratio, pore shape, and wettability on the gas–liquid relative permeability curve using the lattice Boltzmann simulation. This study provides an effective method to generate porous media and explain the mechanism of relative permeability change at the pore scale.
Lax representation and Bäcklund–Darboux transformation for coupled BKP hierarchy
Authors: Duan Xiaojuan , Cheng Jipeng
Published: May 2024

By using vertex operator representation of polynomial Lie algebra b∞(n), a theoretical interpretation of coupled BKP hierarchy is given, where corresponding Hirota bilinear equations are derived. Then based upon this, a wave function matrix is introduced, so that we can construct the corresponding dressing operator matrix and obtain the coupled BKP constraints and Sato equation, which allows us to define the Lax operator matrix and obtain the Lax equation. It is found that the coupled BKP hierarchy is a special case of matrix KP theory. Lastly, we present the Bäcklund–Darboux transformations for the coupled BKP equations from both fermionic and bosonic pictures.
Exactly solvable Hamiltonian fragments obtained from a direct sum of Lie algebras
Authors: Patel Smik , Izmaylov Artur F.
Published: May 2024

Exactly solvable Hamiltonians are useful in the study of quantum many-body systems using quantum computers. In the variational quantum eigensolver, a decomposition of the target Hamiltonian into exactly solvable fragments can be used for the evaluation of the energies via repeated quantum measurements. In this work, we apply more general classes of exactly solvable qubit Hamiltonians than previously considered to address the Hamiltonian measurement problem. The most general exactly solvable Hamiltonians we use are defined by the condition that within each simultaneous eigenspace of a set of Pauli symmetries, the Hamiltonian acts effectively as an element of a direct sum of so(N) Lie algebras and can, therefore, be measured using a combination of unitaries in the associated Lie group, Clifford unitaries, and mid-circuit measurements. The application of such Hamiltonians to decomposing molecular electronic Hamiltonians via graph partitioning techniques shows a reduction in the total number of measurements required to estimate the expectation value compared to previously used exactly solvable qubit Hamiltonians.
Numerical investigation of roping in multi-die meltblowing
Authors: Balakrishnan Vinod Kumar , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: May 2024

This work aims at conducting a numerical investigation of the effect of the inter-die distance on the probability of roping during meltblowing. The results are qualitatively compared with the experimental data obtained by the present group in studies of roping in a model situation of solution blowing. The effectiveness of nonwoven products as filter membranes and others depends on the fiber size and geometrical fiber distributions in fiber mats. Jet roping in meltblowing results in a distortion of the laydown structure, which is detrimental to the product's efficiency. A quasi one-dimensional model is utilized here to predict the probability of jet–jet intersection in flight leading to roping, which was observed experimentally in the prior works of this group. The results of the present work are expected to be helpful in optimizing operating parameters to minimize roping in meltblown products.
Determining the geographic distribution and ecology of the Critically Endangered Kaputar rock skink (Egernia roomi)
Authors: Gale Nicholas , Farquhar Jules E. , Carlesso Amelia , Robert Kylie , Chapple David G.
Published: May 2024

Context Knowledge of species’ distribution and habitat associations is fundamental for conservation planning and management, especially in the context of range-restricted taxa. The Critically Endangered Kaputar rock skink (Egernia roomi) is a high elevation species that is restricted to the Nandewar Ranges (New South Wales, Australia). The species was not formally recognised until 2019, with its distribution, ecology, and threats poorly known. Aims To determine the geographical distribution of the Kaputar rock skink and explore its ecology and threats. Methods We performed surveys throughout high elevation regions of Mount Kaputar National Park, targeting suitable habitat for the Kaputar rock skink (rock outcrops and plateaux). Species distributional modelling (SDM) was used to identify potentially suitable habitat outside of our search areas. Key results We detected the species at all historical record sites and at 15 new sites, increasing the species’ known area of occupancy (AOO) four-fold (from 8 km2 to 40 km2), and elevational range three-fold (from 1360–1480 m to 1147–1509 m). Conclusion The AOO for the species now exceeds the IUCN Red List threshold for Critically Endangered, but falls within the range for Endangered under Criterion B. Our SDMs indicated that all predicted suitable habitat for the species falls within the region that we surveyed in this study. Implications Our study provides valuable information on the geographic range of a threatened lizard species and evaluates the potential impact of large-scale fires on the persistence of the species.
Critical slowing down of the Amazon forest after increased drought occurrence
Authors: Van Passel Johanna , Bernardino Paulo N. , Lhermitte Stef , Rius Bianca F. , Hirota Marina , Conradi Timo , de Keersmaecker Wanda , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Somers Ben
Published: May 2024

Dynamic ecosystems, such as the Amazon forest, are expected to show critical slowing down behavior, or slower recovery from recurrent small perturbations, as they approach an ecological threshold to a different ecosystem state. Drought occurrences are becoming more prevalent across the Amazon, with known negative effects on forest health and functioning, but their actual role in the critical slowing down patterns still remains elusive. In this study, we evaluate the effect of trends in extreme drought occurrences on temporal autocorrelation (TAC) patterns of satellite-derived indices of vegetation activity, an indicator of slowing down, between 2001 and 2019. Differentiating between extreme drought frequency, intensity, and duration, we investigate their respective effects on the slowing down response. Our results indicate that the intensity of extreme droughts is a more important driver of slowing down than their duration, although their impacts vary across the different Amazon regions. In addition, areas with more variable precipitation are already less ecologically stable and need fewer droughts to induce slowing down. We present findings indicating that most of the Amazon region does not show an increasing trend in TAC. However, the predicted increase in extreme drought intensity and frequency could potentially transition significant portions of this ecosystem into a state with altered functionality.
Prey can detect predators via electroreception in air
Authors: England Sam J. , Robert Daniel
Published: May 2024

Predators and prey benefit from detecting sensory cues of each other’s presence. As they move through their environment, terrestrial animals accumulate electrostatic charge. Because electric charges exert forces at a distance, a prey animal could conceivably sense electrical forces to detect an approaching predator. Here, we report such a case of a terrestrial animal detecting its predators by electroreception. We show that predatory wasps are charged, thus emit electric fields, and that caterpillars respond to such fields with defensive behaviors. Furthermore, the mechanosensory setae of caterpillars are deflected by these electrostatic forces and are tuned to the wingbeat frequency of their insect predators. This ability unveils a dimension of the sensory interactions between prey and predators and is likely widespread among terrestrial animals.
Dissecting OGT’s TPR domain to identify determinants of cellular function
Authors: Potter Sarah C. , Gibbs Bettine E. , Hammel Forrest A. , Joiner Cassandra M. , Paulo Joao A. , Janetzko John , Levine Zebulon G. , Fei George Q. , Haggarty Stephen J. , Walker Suzanne
Published: May 2024

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that glycosylates myriad intracellular proteins and cleaves the transcriptional coregulator Host Cell Factor 1 to regulate cell cycle processes. Via these catalytic activities as well as noncatalytic protein–protein interactions, OGT maintains cell homeostasis. OGT’s tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain is important in substrate recognition, but there is little information on how changing the TPR domain impacts its cellular functions. Here, we investigate how altering OGT’s TPR domain impacts cell growth after the endogenous enzyme is deleted. We find that disrupting the TPR residues required for OGT dimerization leads to faster cell growth, whereas truncating the TPR domain slows cell growth. We also find that OGT requires eight of its 13 TPRs to sustain cell viability. OGT-8, like the nonviable shorter OGT variants, is mislocalized and has reduced Ser/Thr glycosylation activity; moreover, its interactions with most of wild-type OGT’s binding partners are broadly attenuated. Therefore, although OGT’s five N-terminal TPRs are not essential for cell viability, they are required for proper subcellular localization and for mediating many of OGT’s protein–protein interactions. Because the viable OGT truncation variant we have identified preserves OGT’s essential functions, it may facilitate their identification.
A wirelessly programmable, skin-integrated thermo-haptic stimulator system for virtual reality
Authors: Kim Jae-Hwan , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Luan Haiwen , Kim Jin-Tae , Yang Da Som , Zhang Haohui , Chang Jan-Kai , Yoo Seonggwang , Park Chanho , Wei Yuanting , Christiansen Zach , Kim Seungyeob , Avila Raudel , Kim Jong Uk , Lee Young Joong , Shin Hee-Sup , Zhou Mingyu , Jeon Sung Woo , Baek Janice Mihyun , Lee Yujin , Kim So Young , Lim Jaeman , Park Minsu , Jeong Hyoyoung , Won Sang Min , Chen Renkun , Huang Yonggang , Jung Yei Hwan , Yoo Jae-Young , Rogers John A.
Published: May 2024

Sensations of heat and touch produced by receptors in the skin are of essential importance for perceptions of the physical environment, with a particularly powerful role in interpersonal interactions. Advances in technologies for replicating these sensations in a programmable manner have the potential not only to enhance virtual/augmented reality environments but they also hold promise in medical applications for individuals with amputations or impaired sensory function. Engineering challenges are in achieving interfaces with precise spatial resolution, power-efficient operation, wide dynamic range, and fast temporal responses in both thermal and in physical modulation, with forms that can extend over large regions of the body. This paper introduces a wireless, skin-compatible interface for thermo-haptic modulation designed to address some of these challenges, with the ability to deliver programmable patterns of enhanced vibrational displacement and high-speed thermal stimulation. Experimental and computational investigations quantify the thermal and mechanical efficiency of a vertically stacked design layout in the thermo-haptic stimulators that also supports real-time, closed-loop control mechanisms. The platform is effective in conveying thermal and physical information through the skin, as demonstrated in the control of robotic prosthetics and in interactions with pressure/temperature-sensitive touch displays.
Private finance investment opportunities in climate-smart agriculture technologies
Authors:   Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), Casey Jonathan , Bisaro Alexander , Valverde Alvaro , Martinez Marlon , Rokitzki Martin
Published: May 2024

This investor-focused study analyses the role of private finance in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technology innovation and deployment in Africa and Asia. It focuses in on the perspectives of investors, identifies technologies and areas that demonstrate commercial viability and investment potential, profiles existing investments in CSA technologies, explores the motives and incentives that may attract investors to financing CSA technology companies, and provides a more nuanced understanding of the barriers and bottlenecks that exist for mobilizing greater investment for CSA technology. The findings are based on evidence from 28 interviews with investors and other CSA technology stakeholders, and a review of more than 100 relevant reports and publications. Most investors tend to approach climate challenges from the perspective of environmental, social, and corporate governance(ESG) screening, looking first at risk, and building from a 'do no harm' perspective, rather than seeking to identify solutionoriented technology investments. Less than 1% of private climate finance is currently directed towards CSA, with enterprises struggling to find appropriately costed investment capital. Increasing private financial flows to emerging and developing economies needs to be supported by proactively connecting available capital with investable opportunities and encouraging new market structures and business models.
NEKL-4 regulates microtubule stability and mitochondrial health in ciliated neurons
Authors: Power Kaiden M. , Nguyen Ken C. , Silva Andriele , Singh Shaneen , Hall David H. , Rongo Christopher , Barr Maureen M.
Published: May 2024

Ciliopathies are often caused by defects in the ciliary microtubule core. Glutamylation is abundant in cilia, and its dysregulation may contribute to ciliopathies and neurodegeneration. Mutation of the deglutamylase CCP1 causes infantile-onset neurodegeneration. In C. elegans, ccpp-1 loss causes age-related ciliary degradation that is suppressed by a mutation in the conserved NEK10 homolog nekl-4. NEKL-4 is absent from cilia, yet it negatively regulates ciliary stability via an unknown, glutamylation-independent mechanism. We show that NEKL-4 was mitochondria-associated. Additionally, nekl-4 mutants had longer mitochondria, a higher baseline mitochondrial oxidation state, and suppressed ccpp-1∆ mutant lifespan extension in response to oxidative stress. A kinase-dead nekl-4(KD) mutant ectopically localized to ccpp-1∆ cilia and rescued degenerating microtubule doublet B-tubules. A nondegradable nekl-4(PEST∆) mutant resembled the ccpp-1∆ mutant with dye-filling defects and B-tubule breaks. The nekl-4(PEST∆) Dyf phenotype was suppressed by mutation in the depolymerizing kinesin-8 KLP-13/KIF19A. We conclude that NEKL-4 influences ciliary stability by activating ciliary kinesins and promoting mitochondrial homeostasis.
WW domains: A globular NLS recognized by importin-α
Authors: Bernardes Natalia Elisa , Chook Yuh Min
Published: May 2024

In this issue, the discovery by Yang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202308013) that folded WW domains of YAP1 and other proteins bind to Impα introduces a new class of globular NLS, contrasting with the extensively studied linear NLS motifs. This finding underscores the versatility of importins in recognizing their cargo proteins.
Corrigendum to “Numerical studies of atomic three-step photoionization processes with non-monochromatic laser fields”
Authors: Lu 卢 Xiaoyong 肖勇 , Wang 王 Lide 立德 , Li 李 Yunfei 云飞
Published: May 2024

The Eq. (6) about the time correlation function of the chaotic field model is corrected, along with the corresponding statement. The enlargement factors of ρ
33, B and ρ
ion,B in the legends of Figs. 2(b), 2(c) and 2(d) are corrected. These corrections do not affect the conclusions of the work [Chin. Phys. B
31 063203 (2022)].
Crystallization of SrB4O7 in a glass tape and its electrical, dielectric, ferroelectric and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Harutyunyan V.G. , Deghoyan N.A. , Mkrtchyan L.S. , Amiraghyan L.A. , Sargsyan N.H. , Aramyan A.R. , Muradyan A.A. , Baghramyan V.V. , Harutyunyan I.G. , Alexanyan H.A.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the electrical, dielectric,
ferroelectric, and second-order nonlinear optical properties of
SrB4O7 synthesized by methods of both solid-state reaction (SSR)
and crystallization of a glass tape (GT). To obtain GTs of SrB4O7,
the melt consisting of appropriate precursors was rapidly cooled using a twin-roller. The prepared
GTs were crystallized at 730°C for different durations and analyzed by X-ray
diffraction. The formation of “extended” crystals in the central part of GTs due to the
application of the GT technology is discussed. The investigation of the current-voltage
characteristic of the sample prepared by SSR showed that its breakdown voltage is higher than 1000 V. The measurements of the dielectric parameters in the frequency range of 1 KHz–1 MHz showed that
the dielectric constant is about 7.5, and the dielectric loss varies from 0.002 to 0.0008. These
parameters are sufficiently stable in the temperature range from room temperature to
150°C. The ferroelectric properties of the GT crystallized at 730°C for 3 h were also investigated. At 20 kV/cm, a remnant polarization of 0.18 μC/cm2 was measured. Optical measurements showed that the intensity of
second-harmonic generation in the GT crystallized at 730°C for 3 h is 5.4 times
higher than that of KH2PO4 (KDP).
Co electrospinning -poly (vinyl alcohol)-chitosan/gelatin-poly (ϵ-caprolacton) nanofibers for diabetic wound-healing application
Authors: Ranjbar-Mohammadi Marziyeh , Tajdar Farideh , Esmizadeh Elnaz , Arab Zahra
Published: May 2024

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the healing of diabetic wounds has become a significant challenge for both healthcare professionals and patients. Recognizing the urgent need for effective solutions, it is crucial to develop suitable scaffolds specifically tailored for diabetic wound healing. In line with this objective, we have developed novel hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds by combining polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) and gelatin/poly(ε-caprolactone) (Gel/PCL) polymers through a double-nozzle electrospinning technique. In this study, we investigated the influence of the Gel/PCL blend ratio on the properties of the resulting nanofibers. Three different hybrid scaffold structures were examined: Gel/PCL (80:20)-PVA/CS (80:20), Gel/PCL (50:50)-PVA/CS (80:20), and Gel/PVA (20:80)-PVA/CS (80:20). Our findings demonstrate that the electrospun nanofibers of PVA/CS (80:20)-Gel/PCL (80:20) exhibited optimal mechanical performance, with a contact angle of approximately 54° and a diameter of 183 nm. Considering the crucial role of inhibiting bacterial adhesion in the success of implanted materials, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of the hybrid electrospun nanofibers using mouse fibroblast cells (L-929 cells). The in vitro cytotoxicity results obtained from L-929 fibroblast cell culture on the hybrid scaffolds revealed enhanced cell proliferation and appropriate cell morphology on the PVA/CS (80:20)-Gel/PCL (80:20) sample, indicating its capability to support tissue cell integration. Based on the information obtained from this study, the fabricated hybrid scaffold holds great promise for diabetic ulcer healing. Its optimal mechanical properties, suitable contact angle, and favorable cytocompatibility highlight its potential as a valuable tool in the field of diabetic wound healing. The development of such hybrid scaffolds represents a significant step forward in addressing the challenges associated with diabetic wound care.
River systems under peaked stress
Authors: Marttila Hannu , Huuki Hannu , Ashraf Faisal Bin , Patro Epari Ritesh , Hellsten Seppo , Ruokamo Enni , Karhinen Santtu , Romakkaniemi Atso , Kopsakangas-Savolainen Maria , Pongracz Eva , Virk Zeeshan Tahir , Torabi Haghighi Ali , Juutinen Artti
Published: May 2024

The change in the global energy production mix towards variable renewable energy sources requires efficient utilization of regulated rivers to optimise hydropower operations meet the needs of a changing energy market. However, the flexible operation of hydropower plants causes non-natural, sub-daily fluctuating flows in the receiving water bodies, often referred to as ‘hydropeaking’. Drastic changes in sub-daily flow regimes undermine attempts to improve river system health. Environmental decision makers, including permitting authorities and river basin managers facing the intense and increasing pressure on river environments, should consider ecosystem services and biodiversity issues more thoroughly. The need for research innovations in hydropeaking operation design to fulfil both the water and energy security responsibilities of hydropower is highlighted. Our paper outlines optimized hydropeaking design as a future research direction to help researchers, managers, and decision-makers prioritize actions that could enable better integration of river science and energy system planning. The goal of this is to find a balanced hydropower operation strategy.
Understanding the influence of soil moisture on heatwave characteristics in the contiguous United States
Authors: Gurung Tika Ram , Chen Liang
Published: May 2024

In the context of global climate change, heatwaves are becoming increasingly significant because of the adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. However, the quantification of heatwaves relies on different temperature metrics, and little is known about how the different types of heatwaves are affected by soil moisture. Using a set of observational datasets during the period 1981–2020, this study investigates the characteristics of warm-season heatwaves over the contiguous United States (CONUS) derived from three different temperature metrics (temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and equivalent temperature), and examines how different types of heatwaves are associated with soil moisture. Increasing trends of all types of heatwaves are observed in most parts of CONUS except for the central US, posing potential risks to human health. Due to limited evaporative cooling over dry soil, there is a substantial negative relationship between soil moisture and temperature-only heatwaves across the CONUS. Meanwhile, in some regions of the western and central CONUS, there is an evident positive relationship between soil moisture and humidity-included heatwaves, which represent the combined effects of temperature and humidity. The event-based analysis in Nebraska emphasizes that temperature-only heatwaves occur over relatively dry soil conditions, while humid heatwaves tend to occur over somewhat wet soil. Our results highlight the importance of considering different types of heatwaves and their relationship with soil moisture from the land-atmosphere coupling perspective, offering valuable insights for local and regional climate planning and mitigation.
Complicity as a Literary Concept
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: May 2024

This chapter associates literary complicity with shared criminal responsibility and guilt, as well as notions of cooperation, solidarity, and sociability. The term functions on a thematic and meta-literary level, since the presentation of illicit themes within literature intersect with, or enable, solidarity created through literature. This was particularly evident in late nineteenth-century France, due to ongoing debates about literary morality, post-1870 political upheaval, legal changes, education reforms, new scientific disciplines, and controversial literary genres. Yet ‘complicity’ emerges as a conceptual tool for literary study across different linguistic, geographical, and temporal contexts, due to its broad methodological and theoretical applicability. After exploring critical approaches associated with close reading, literary history, sociology of literature, and cultural studies, the introduction examines how theories of reader response, Bourdieu’s literary ‘field’, and homosociality contribute to the overarching theme. The book’s varied corpus, outlined in the chapter summaries, suggests how literary complicity cuts across cultural brows.
Framing Literature
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyses fin-de-siècle visions of the formative and potentially corrupting influence of literary production, through the works of Paul Bourget (1852–1935). It considers how literature was perceived to ‘frame’ (shape or influence) a reader’s moral viewpoint, how bad influence was itself ‘framed’ (conceived of and depicted) by author-critics of the period, and how literature might be ‘framed’ (falsely accused of, or made to look responsible) for ‘crimes’ it did not actually commit. Examples of Bourget’s literary criticism, psychological novels, and thesis novels are analysed in dialogue with the author’s reception by fellow writer-critics, who accused him of being morally complicit with illicit behaviour and of pandering to denigrated aesthetic tastes. The chapter demonstrates how questions of reading and bad influence shaped Bourget’s literary trajectory, while implicating his critics as much as himself.
Writing Murder
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers how fin-de-siècle writers appropriated the burgeoning genre of crime fiction to critique the judicial status quo and to valorise an alternative literary aesthetic. The first part compares three novels about complicity in murder, by Rachilde (1860–1953), Émile Zola (1840–1902), and Hector Malot (1830–1907). It examines how description and structural parallelism creates a haunting sense of guilt in the novels’ crime scenes, how confession scenes establish bonds of complicity between characters and incite further crimes, and how trial scenes displace blame and undermine received ideas about criminality. The second part demonstrates how avant-garde writers transformed criminal complicity into a source of literary solidarity. Analysing spoof journal articles and fictional works by Rachilde, Octave Mirbeau (1848–1917), Maurice Beaubourg (1859–1943), and Romain Coolus (1868–1953), it examines the meta-literary implications of aligning criminal association with literary endeavour.
Scandal and Collusion in Avant-Garde Media
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines how two Decadent writers, Rachilde (1860–1953) and Jean Lorrain (1855–1906), manipulated scandal for the purposes of self-promotion, creating alternative forms of solidarity based on the mutual construction of illicit media personae. It analyses a series of intertextual and journalistic exchanges from the mid-1880s, including a debate about women writers (or ‘bluestockings’) in a little magazine (petite revue) called Le Zig-Zag, and two quasi-biographical novellas (romans à clef) by their mutual friend, Oscar Méténier (1859–1913). Playing up to the ambiguities of their gender identity and sexuality, the pair adopted revealing promotional strategies associated with the bluestocking figure, which earned them criticism in turn. By analysing the authors’ textual performances alongside their correspondence, the chapter suggests that such tactics involved an element of risk, because the public revelation of private information, however playful or theatrical, exposes the vulnerability of those involved.
Epilogue
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: May 2024

The epilogue explains the impact of viewing literature as a complicit activity, on four interconnecting levels: the moral, thematic, social, and cultural. It synthesises the analysis of previous chapters, highlighting points of comparison between different themes and techniques in fin-de-siècle literary culture. Reflecting on how writers of the period positioned themselves in relation to predominant moral and legal norms, across a range of different genres, the chapter foregrounds how literature can establish connections between real-life individuals. It concludes by reflecting on scholars’ inevitable complicity with the texts, authors, and ideas they study, and by offering a broad view of literature and its relation to other cultural artefacts.
Stability in plant–pollinator communities across organizational levels: present, gaps, and future
Authors: Magrach Ainhoa , Montoya Daniel
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The study of ecological stability continues to fill the pages of scientific journals almost seven decades after the first ecologists initiated this line of research. The many advances in this field have focused on understanding the stability of populations, communities or functions within single guilds or trophic levels, with less research conducted across multiple trophic levels and considering the different interactions that relate species to each other. Here, we review the recent literature on the multiple dimensions of ecological stability specifically within plant–pollinator communities. We then focus on one of stability´s dimensions, temporal invariability, and adapt an existing partitioning framework that bridges invariability and synchrony measures across spatial scales and organizational levels to accommodate interactions between plants and their pollinators. Finally, we use this framework to analyse temporal invariability in plant reproductive success, partitioning it on invariability and synchrony components across plant and pollinator populations and communities, as well as their interactions, using a well-resolved dataset that encompasses data for two years. Our review of the literature points to several significant gaps in our current knowledge, with simulation studies clearly overrepresented in the literature as opposed to experimental or empirical approaches. Our quantitative approach to partitioning invariability shows similar patterns of decreasing temporal invariability across increasing organizational levels driven by asynchronous dynamics amongst populations and communities, which overall stabilize ecosystem functioning (plant reproductive success). This study represents a first step towards a better comprehension of temporal invariability in ecosystem functions defined by interactions between species and provides a blueprint for the type of spatially replicated multi-year data that needs to be collected in the future to further our understanding of ecological stability within multi-trophic communities.
Urolithin A suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and prevents monosodium urate crystal-induced peritonitis
Authors: Komatsu Wataru , Kishi Hisashi , Uchiyama Koji , Ohhira Shuji , Kobashi Gen
Published: May 2024

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Urolithin A, a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, reportedly exerts antiinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. However, whether urolithin A suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unclear. In this study, urolithin A inhibited the cleavage of NLRP3 inflammasome agonist-induced caspase-1, maturation of IL-1β, and activation of pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide-primed mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Urolithin A reduced generation of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restricted the interaction between thioredoxin-interacting protein and NLRP3, which attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Urolithin A administration prevented monosodium urate-induced peritonitis in mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that urolithin A suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation, at least partially, by repressing the generation of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS.
Ex ovo omnia—why don’t we know more about egg quality via imaging?
Authors: Boylan Caitlin F , Sambo Keshia M , Neal-Perry Genevieve , Brayboy Lynae M
Published: May 2024

Determining egg quality is the foremost challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Although extensive advances have been made in multiple areas of ART over the last 40 years, oocyte quality assessment tools have not much evolved beyond standard morphological observation. The oocyte not only delivers half of the nuclear genetic material and all of the mitochondrial DNA to an embryo but also provides complete developmental support during embryonic growth. Oocyte mitochondrial numbers far exceed those of any somatic cell, yet little work has been done to evaluate the mitochondrial bioenergetics of an oocyte. Current standard oocyte assessment in in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers include the observation of oocytes and their surrounding cell complex (cumulus cells) via stereomicroscope or inverted microscope, which is largely primitive. Additional oocyte assessments include polar body grading and polarized light meiotic spindle imaging. However, the evidence regarding the aforementioned methods of oocyte quality assessment and IVF outcomes is contradictory and non-reproducible. High-resolution microscopy techniques have also been implemented in animal and human models with promising outcomes. The current era of oocyte imaging continues to evolve with discoveries in artificial intelligence models of oocyte morphology selection albeit at a slow rate. In this review, the past, current, and future oocyte imaging techniques will be examined with the goal of drawing attention to the gap which limits our ability to assess oocytes in real time. The implications of improved oocyte imaging techniques on patients undergoing IVF will be discussed as well as the need to develop point of care oocyte assessment testing in IVF labs.
Mapping the follicle-specific regulation of extracellular vesicle-mediated microRNA transport in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)
Authors: Gad Ahmed , Menjivar Nico G , Felton Rachel , Durrant Barbara , Tesfaye Dawit , Ruggeri Elena
Published: May 2024

Efforts to implement effective assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for the conservation of the northern white rhinoceros (NWR; Ceratotherium simum cottoni) to prevent its forthcoming extinction, could be supported by research conducted on the closely related southern white rhinoceros (SWR; Ceratotherium simum simum). Within the follicle, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a fundamental role in the bidirectional communication facilitating the crucial transport of regulatory molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that control follicular growth and oocyte development. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of EV-miRNAs in stage-dependent follicular fluid (FF) during SWR ovarian antral follicle development. Three distinct follicular stages were identified based on diameter: Growing (G; 11–17 mm), Dominant (D; 18–29 mm), and Pre-ovulatory (P; 30–34 mm). Isolated EVs from the aspirated FF of segmented follicle stages were used to identify EV-miRNAs previously known via subsequent annotation to all equine (Equus caballus; eca), bovine (Bos taurus; bta), and human (Homo sapiens; hsa) miRNAs. A total of 417 miRNAs were detected, with 231 being mutually expressed across all three stages, including eca-miR-148a and bta-miR-451 as the top highly expressed miRNAs. Distinct expression dynamics in miRNA abundance were observed across the three follicular stages, including 31 differentially expressed miRNAs that target various pathways related to follicular growth and development, with 13 miRNAs commonly appearing amidst two different comparisons. In conclusion, this pioneering study provides a comprehensive understanding of the stage-specific expression dynamics of FF EV-miRNAs in the SWR. These findings provide insights that may lead to novel approaches in enhancing ARTs to catalyze rhinoceros conservation efforts.
Association between gait video information and general cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeng Juntong , Lin Shen , Li Zhigang , Sun Runchen , Yu Xuexin , Lian Xiaocong , Zhao Yan , Ji Xiangyang , Zheng Zhe
Published: May 2024

Aims

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may not be detected in time with conventional clinical approaches. Abnormal gait patterns have been associated with pathological conditions and can be monitored continuously by gait video. We aim to test the association between non-contact, video-based gait information and general CVD status.

Methods and results

Individuals undergoing confirmatory CVD evaluation were included in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Gait videos were recorded with a Kinect camera. Gait features were extracted from gait videos to correlate with the composite and individual components of CVD, including coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular events. The incremental value of incorporating gait information with traditional CVD clinical variables was also evaluated. Three hundred fifty-two participants were included in the final analysis [mean (standard deviation) age, 59.4 (9.8) years; 25.3% were female]. Compared with the baseline clinical variable model [area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.717, (0.690–0.743)], the gait feature model demonstrated statistically better performance [AUC 0.753, (0.726–0.780)] in predicting the composite CVD, with further incremental value when incorporated with the clinical variables [AUC 0.764, (0.741–0.786)]. Notably, gait features exhibited varied association with different CVD component conditions, especially for peripheral artery disease [AUC 0.752, (0.728–0.775)] and heart failure [0.733, (0.707–0.758)]. Additional analyses also revealed association of gait information with CVD risk factors and the established CVD risk score.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the association and predictive value of non-contact, video-based gait information for general CVD status. Further studies for gait video-based daily living CVD monitoring are promising.
Impact of wall thickness on the tissue cooling effect of cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Masuda Masaharu , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Nishijima Mizuki , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Tsujimura Takuya , Hata Yosuke , Mano Toshiaki
Published: May 2024

Aims

Understanding of the tissue cooling properties of cryoballoon ablation during pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is lacking. The purpose of this study was to delineate the depth of the tissue cooling effect during cryoballoon freezing at the pulmonary venous ostium.

Methods and results

A left atrial-PV model was constructed using a three-dimensional printer with data from a patient to which porcine thigh muscle of various thicknesses could be affixed. The model was placed in a 37°C water tank with a PV water flow at a rate that mimicked biological blood flow. Cryofreezing at the PV ostium was performed five times each for sliced porcine thigh muscle of 2, 4, and 6 mm thickness, and sliced muscle cooling on the side opposite the balloon was monitored. The cooling effect was assessed using the average temperature of 12 evenly distributed thermocouples covering the roof region of the left superior PV. Tissue cooling effects were in the order of the 2, 4, and 6 mm thicknesses, with an average temperature of −41.4 ± 4.2°C for 2 mm, −33.0 ± 4.0°C for 4 mm, and 8.0 ± 8.7°C for 6 mm at 180 s (P for trend <0.0001). In addition, tissue temperature drops were steeper in thin muscle (maximum temperature drop per 5 s: 5.2 ± 0.9°C, 3.9 ± 0.7°C, and 1.3 ± 0.7°C, P for trend <0.0001).

Conclusion

The cooling effect of cryoballoon freezing is weaker in the deeper layers. Cryoballoon ablation should be performed with consideration to myocardial thickness.
Allometric estimation models for aboveground and belowground biomass of pre-fire and post-fire vegetation in Scots pine forests
Authors: Schüle Maren , Heinken Thilo
Published: May 2024

Wildfires have recently destroyed large areas of forest in Central Europe. After a fire, the post-fire vegetation succession rebuilds previously lost biomass and carbon. Nevertheless, ground vegetation and tree regeneration, as well as belowground biomass, are largely neglected in allometric biomass models. Moreover, most models are calibrated for undisturbed forests, which differ from burned forests in terms of site conditions and species composition. We adapted a model using plant cover and shoot length of herb, graminoid and bryophyte species (PhytoCalc), and a single tree model using shoot length and root collar diameter of juvenile trees to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) of post-fire species and growth groups, and extended them to estimate belowground biomass. We sampled the most dominant species from the herb and moss layer and the tree regeneration of burned and unburned Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in NE Germany. We successfully calibrated post-fire vegetation models and showed that models for undisturbed forests from the literature mostly underestimate post-fire AGB. Using models from the literature for clear-cuts often improved the estimation of post-fire AGB, but still failed to estimate AGB accurately for some species. Inaccurate estimation of post-fire biomass with these other models can be explained by high irradiance and increased nutrient availability on burned sites, which affect tissue and wood density. We showed that own species- and growth group-specific allometric models calibrated to post-fire vegetation are required to correctly estimate the total (above- and belowground) biomass of post-fire vegetation needed to calculate carbon storage.