bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Curcumin on Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Mice
Authors: Elzwi Samia
Published: May 2024

Alloxan, also referred to by its chemical name 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione, is a carcinogen, cytotoxic glucose analog, and organic compound. Alloxan is one of the common diabetogenic agents frequently used to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of both pure compounds and plant extracts. Alloxan has been administered in single or multiple doses via a variety of routes. Through the GLUT2 glucose transporter, toxic glucose analogs such as alloxan and streptozotocin preferentially accumulate in pancreatic beta cells. Dialuric acid, the reduction product of alloxan is produced in a cyclic redox reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of intracellular thiols particularly glutathione. Dialuric acid undergoes autoxidation, producing superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in the last stage of the reaction that is catalyzed by iron. The death of the beta cells, which have a notably low capacity for antioxidant defense, turmeric is a rhizomatous perennial medicinal plant (Curcumalonga) that has been used since ancient times in Asian countries such as China and Southeast Asia. Curcumin supports novel signaling mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes, including glucagon-like peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, glucose transporters, α-glycosidase, α-amylase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), in addition anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Nurse management and leadership in Turkish hospitals: modernization and professionalism in a changing healthcare system
Authors:   , Inceoz Zuleyha
Published: May 2024

Research suggests that hospital nursing managers in many Western countries are gaining influence in mulidisciplinary team decision-making, and oCen work in hybrid roles that combine clinical and management duties. This study examines nurse management in Türkiye, a country where medical professionals have traditionally exercised tight control over the hospital division of labour, to see whether nurse managers there are moving in a similar direction.Qualitative interviews were conducted with nurse managers and staff nurses (n = 40) from five university, MoH or city hospitals in Istanbul. Interviewees were asked about their perceptions of the state of nursing management, ideas about the form nurse management and leadership should take, and views about facilitators of improvement and barriers to change. Although Turkish healthcare underwent comprehensive reform in the early 2000s, including increased emphasis on new public management-style tools such as audit, only a few nurses (the “bureaucratic modernisers”) wanted more involvement in audit and performance review. Instead, the majority of managers and staff nurses who desired change in current practice (the “professional modernisers”) described a nurse leadership role that stressed improved patient care, evidence-based practice, and continuing professional education. This contrasted with the view of minorities who were more wedded to the existing system (the “civil service traditionalists”), or who adopted an instrumental orientation to their job (the “self-serving pragmatists”).Generally, nurses saw liXle prospect of progress towards the forms of nurse leadership they desired because of the constraints imposed by the existing hospital culture and paXerns of communication, both of which they linked to medical power and the mindset that came with nurses’ status as civil servants. Progress made by the “professional modernisers” to date was confined to limited education and teambuilding sessions, and the construction of forms of collegial nursing practice in certain closed locales where doctor power did not intrude.
Wisata Pendidikan Agro Terintegrasi: Penyusunan Rencana Induk Desa Dawung, Karanganyar melalui Pendekatan Partisipatif
Authors: Dewi Santy Paulla , Diah Intan Kusumo Dewi  , Retno Widjajanti  , Titik Ekowati  , Muhammad Ghozi Al Ghifari
Published: May 2024

Based on the Spatial Plan of Karanganyar Regency, Dawung Village is mandated as an agropolitan strategic area for food security or wet agriculture. Besides, it is also a center for processing agricultural food crops and local trade. In contrast, the number of farmers decreases (0.8% per year), increasing the risk in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, this village has tourism potential, Kembang Desa, which is appointed as the leading tourist attraction. Kembang Desa was developed in 2020, and after it officially opened, it was attractive, as can be seen from the visitors number that reached 200 to 500 at the weekend. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the number of visitors, and the village government is facing the operational budget. This situation continues because of many new tourist attractions competitors opened. Hence, economic development and village potential require a reference as a basis for the village government in determining future policies. This community service activity aims to compile a master plan for tourism and economic development in Dawung Village through Integrated Agro Edu Tourism, which focuses on developing agro-tourism integrated with the agricultural system with an tourism education approach. The method used to compile the master plan consists of three stages: socialization to the Village government about the initial design concept. The second stage is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities to obtain input regarding potentials, problems, design concepts, and specific needs from partners; the third stage is master plan design finalization. The community service results in a master plan of a Dawung Village hotspot as the guidance for developing local potential so that Dawung Village can be more advanced and competitive.
Intensifikasi Budidaya Perikanan (Osphronemus Gouramy) Mandiri Berbasis Sumberdaya Lokal sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas POKDAKAN Mina Sida Karya
Authors: Bimantara Arif , Zuhdi M. Nurdin , Tunggali Ade Putranto Prasetyo Wijiharto , Manasikana Rinta Arina
Published: May 2024

Mina Sida Karya Fish Cultivation Group (POKDAKAN) operates in Sidamulih Village, Rawalo District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, employing an extensive, traditional fish farming system that yields low productivity. This group faces four significant challenges that necessitate attention: (1) Insufficient knowledge and skills among partners in intensive gourami fish farming management to enhance POKDAKAN Mina Sida Karya's productivity; (2) Lack of a consistent water supply for cultivation throughout the year; (3) Limited knowledge in producing cost-effective natural and artificial feed; (4) Inadequate expertise in marketing partner products, resulting in a restricted market reach. Addressing these challenges, service activities have been implemented using Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).  These include (1) providing assistance and training in intensive gourami fish farming management to boost cultivation productivity; (2) drilling boreholes up to 75 meters deep to secure a year-round water source; (3) conducting training sessions on independent feed production, both artificial and natural Daphnia sp., enabling partners to generate their own feed; (4) establishing digital branding systems through social media platforms to expand market presence. This aims to increase the productivity of the Mina Sida Karya Fish Farming Group. The activities that have been carried out have significantly impacted the Mina Sida Karya POKDAKAN with a percentage of 57.14% of participants stating that they have sufficient knowledge about intensive osphronemus gouramy fish farming, 61.90% stating that they have no difficulty in obtaining water supply, 52.38% stating that they know how to produce efficient and cost-effective natural feed, and 66.67% stating that they are satisfied with the market reach of fish products.
Educação Contemporânea:
Authors: Queiroz Jacson da Silva , Tanzi Neto Adolfo
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre as contribuições dos multiletramentos no contexto de sala de aula no interior da Amazônia. Pensar nos multiletramentos para o contexto educativo precisa considerar a diversidade social, cultural e a multimodalidade na construção de significados. Nessa perspectiva, dialoga-se com Rojo (2012), Cope e Kalantzis (2015) e Kalantzis, Cope e Petrilson (2020) ao apresentarem que precisamos redefinir a leitura, escrita e práticas na construção de sentidos em ambientes de comunicação contemporâneos. A metodologia parte da pesquisa bibliográfica, a qual espera contribuir para propiciar ações de ensino-aprendizagem articuladas com os multiletramentos na sala de aula amazônico.
Measuring the impact of assortment change in retail stores using the synthetic control method
Authors:   Growth Analytics Center, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Bangalore, India, VC Nidhin , Prakash Rahul ,   Growth Analytics Center, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Bangalore, India, PM Safil ,   Growth Analytics Center, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Bangalore, India
Published: May 2024

This study offers an innovative method for evaluating the effects of assortment changes on retail store revenue, employing the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) with Lasso regression. In response to the limitations of randomized control trials for large-scale interventions, we propose a unique approach using Lasso regression to build synthetic control groups from comparable stores in competitor retailers. This innovative technique overcomes the obstacle of absent control data within the same retailer. Our analysis reveals a remarkable 3.7% increase in retailer revenue after implementing the assortment changes. To confirm the validity of our findings, we conducted placebo studies, solidifying the positive impact of these adjustments. These results advocate embracing the SCM with Lasso regression as a reliable tool for measuring the effects of interventions in the business world, especially when controlled experiments are not feasible. This method empowers retailers to assess the effectiveness of assortment optimization strategies and make data-driven decisions about future changes.
Mental Illness - An Illness to Well-Being Towards Children: Reference to socio-political violence in literature
Authors: S Sri Sakuntala , Srinivas Sarakanam , Murthy D. Sudarsana , Gadre Monika , Masih Jolly
Published: May 2024

This research paper explores the adverse impact of socio-political turmoil that has long been in existence in Assam society on the psyche of children with reference to Aruni Kashyap's The House with a Thousand Stories. 
This research aims to identify and understand the various psychological issues that children are subject to in a society when it is afflicted with socio-political turmoil and its consequent violence unleashed on people due to the armed struggle of the ULFA and the repressive administration of the state. The objectives of this research are (i) to study the characterization of Mamoni and Mridul, (ii) to understand and analyse the impact of socio-political turmoil on the psyche of children with reference to the above-chosen characters, (iii) to explore the connectivity between the narrative and the author’s political inclination in the novel, and (iv) to understand how objectively the historical incidents were reflected in the novel. The research is carried out by studying the chosen primary source against the pragmatic concepts of psychologists, journalists, social activists, and significant historical facts that appeared in reliable data sources such as journals, web studies, newspapers, and other publications. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the profound psychological repercussions experienced by children in Assam society amidst socio-political turmoil, as exemplified in Aruni Kashyap's "The House with a Thousand Stories." By delving into the characters of Mamoni and Mridul, analyzing the intricate interplay between narrative and political inclinations, and objectively examining historical incidents reflected in the novel, this study not only enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted impact on the psyche of children but also contributes valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and communities striving to address and mitigate the enduring consequences of such tumultuous environments on the younger generation.
META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL ON PHYSICS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Ningsih Allin Wel , Qorinatul Aulia Nurul Fadilah , Uzfa Vaizatul , Desnita Desnita
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to learn the great impact the discovery learning model has on learning, based on education and lesson materials. The kind of research is a meta-analysis. The subject of this study is 24 scientific articles published by some journals from 2015 to 2020. Research instruments of coding sheets. For the impact of the discovery learning model on high school education, it has a moderate category with the effect size of 0.72 and the ladder junior high school education has high ratings on an effect size of 1.26. the impact of the discovery learning model on lesson materials has a moderate category with an effect size range of 0.67 to 0.80. As for high ratings, it has an effect size of 1.20. In general, the discovery learning model affects the study of physics.Keywords: Meta-analysis, Discovery learning, Learning outcomes
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY: DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC MODULES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS I COURSE
Authors: Fitriani Riska
Published: May 2024

Abstract is written using Sylfaen letters, size 11, space 1 with a maximum text length of 165 words. Abstracts are written in the standard Indonesian version with enhanced spelling. Abstracts are also written in the English version with applicable conditions. Abstract contains objectives, methods, results and conclusions. This research is an exploratory type of research that aims to find out the difficulties experienced by students in mathematics physics lectures and solutions to overcome them. The method used is quantitative and qualitative research methods with data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires and interview sheets. The number of samples set by the researchers amounted to 30 students as the subject of distributing the questionnaire and 10 students as the subject of the interview. The sample in this study was selected by purposive sampling technique. The data analysis carried out by the researcher was using statistics while the data analysis from the interviews was carried out with 3 main activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is that students have difficulty understanding the material in my mathematics lectures because of the use of books that are less varied and the main books used in English and the derivation of formulas are not presented in detail. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to develop electronic modules where 43.3% of students agree and 23.3% of students strongly agree to develop electronic modules in mathematics practicum I lectures.Keywords: development; electronics module; mathematical physics I
Computational analysis of electric field effects on electrodialysis for enhanced desalination processes
Authors: Matysko Robert , Ochrymiuk Tomasz
Published: May 2024

This study elucidates the technologies employed in membranebased water purification processes. The theoretical underpinnings of semipermeable membrane functionalities are expounded upon through the lens of Onsager’s reciprocal relations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, delineating the fluxes and the driving forces that instigate them. Utilising a simplified Onsager matrix tailored for the ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis process, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted. The computations presented herein depict the intricacies of both dialysis and electrodialysis in saline water solutions.
Mass/heat transfer analogy method in the research of convective fluid flow through channels with a specific geometry
Authors: Grosicki Sebastian , Wilk Joanna
Published: May 2024

The present work contains the results of the comparative analysis of the literature data and the own investigations on mass and heat transfer coefficients occurring under conditions of the convective fluid flow through channels characterised by a specific geometry. The authors focused on the available experimental investigations on mass transfer. The considered experiments were carried out using the electrochemical method named limiting current technique. Two channel geometries were discussed: the annular channel of the conventional size and the long minichannel with a square cross-section area. Taking into consideration dimensionless numbers: Schmidt and Nusselt – analogical for mass and heat transfer – the formulas describing the phenomena under consideration were included. In the case of the annular channel the laminar and turbulent range of Reynolds numbers was studied. For the square minichannel – the laminar flow is considered. The analogy between mass and heat transfer introduced by Chilton and Colburn was applied in the analysis. An equivalent boundary condition is included in considerations concerning the mass and heat transfer. It is the Dirichlet boundary condition characterised by constant temperature of the wall which corresponds to the situation of constant ion concentration at the cathode surface in the limiting current technique. The main purpose of the present work was to verify the method for the determination of heat transfer coefficients using the analogy between mass and heat transfer processes in the case of convective fluid flow through the annular and square channels. The problem discussed in the present work is important and actual due to the possibility of the elimination of temperature measurements in the investigations of heat transfer processes occurring in channels characterised by a specific geometry. It should be noted that sometimes temperature measurement may be difficult or even impossible. This situation also causes high uncertainty of the obtained results. Due to this problem, the presented analysis was performed also with the use of thermal results based on the analytical solution. The verification of the use of mass/heat transfer analogy method in specific cases gives the extended knowledge of correct application of the limiting current technique in heat transfer research. The main objective of the work was achieved by conducting a comparative analysis of the adequate mass and heat transfer results. The existing literature data do not provide an answer to the question about the correctness of using the limiting current technique in the case of discussed annular channels or long square minichannels. The received results make us be critical of applying the mass/heat transfer analogy method in some heat transfer cases.
Assessment of heat and mass transfer processes in vapor bubbles under conditions of metastable equilibrium of liquids
Authors: Koshlak Hanna
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a mathematical model that allows expanding the scope of research into the mechanism of heat transfer during explosive boiling, cavitation and boiling of multicomponent liquids, identifying the most influential factors and optimizing technological processes. The proposed model takes into account the processes of heat accumulation in the high-boiling part of liquid mixtures (for example, emulsions) and the use of this energy in the process of boiling their thermolabile part, as well as for superheating the resulting steam in steam bubbles. This effect can also be used to evaluate the effects of liquid boiling in thermodynamically unstable regions of liquid media.
RB066 and RB067 recognize human CDKN2A-derived peptides by ELISA
Authors: Almeida Raquel , Ardizzone Enzo , Bindschedler Laura , Huber Priscilla , Huc Marius , Jeansoulin Lilian , Gauthier Marion , Gimi Nora , Gordon Joanna , Guenat Léa-Joanne , Kota-Mamah Osnim , Melro Marcia , Mueller Clea , Nunes Beatriz , Penela Heidi , Philippi Léa-Clara , Ranjanarajah Ragavan , Roch Elsa , Roch Lionel , Suissa Yaacov , Van-Leemput Thibault , Caron Solange , Chandon Pauline , Cuendet Sandra , Da Silva Tatiana , Deiuri Alice , El-Tayar Laila , Eltahir Noura , Guilhen Cyril , Jauslin Tania , Durual Stéphane
Published: May 2024

The recombinant antibodies RB066 and RB067 detect by ELISA two synthetic peptides from the human CDKN2A protein.
PERSEPSI DAN PEMAKNAAN GURU TENTANG STANDAR PROSES DAN STANDAR PENILAIAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Alfarisy Totalia Salman , Imam Sujadi  , Aniek Hindrayani  , Susantiningrum  , Sigit Wahyudi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi guru tentang 1) pemahaman dan penerapan Standar Proses; dan 2) pemahaman dan penerapan Standar Penilaian Pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui diskusi kelompok terpumpun. Analisis data menerapkan model analisis interaktif Milles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) semua guru telah mengetahui dan membaca peraturan baru tentang Standar Proses, namun demikian hanya sebagian kecil yang memahami isinya, bahkan mayoritas belum melaksanakan evaluasi prosespembelajaran; 2) semua guru telah mengetahui dan membaca peraturan baru tentang Standar Penilaian, namun sebagian besar guru belum mampu mengimplementasikan Standar Penilaian Pendidikan dan penilaian capaian pembelajaran (formatif dan sumatif) dengan baik. Mengacu hasil tersebut disarankan untuk dilakukan program pendampinganyang terstruktur dan intensif bagi guru agar diperoleh standardisasi pemahaman Standar Proses dan Standar Penilaian Pendidikan. Dengan demikian diharapkan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dan penilaian capaian pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan benar dan tepat sasaran.
PEMBELAJARAN YANG BERPUSAT PADA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA
Authors: Cahayani Ati , Widiasari Natalia , Gunawan Aristo Surya
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui alasan mahasiswa mengikuti program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, ketercapaian pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik melalui program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, dan manfaat dari program tersebut. Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka adalah salah satu program dalam transformasi kebijakan pendidikan yang mengafirmasi proses pembelajaran yang berpusat kepada peserta didik. Namun, tanpa implementasi yang memadai, kebijakan yang secara normatif ideal dan mencerahkan hanya akan menjadi riak tanpa ada perubahan berarti. Peserta didik sebagai pelaku aktif perlu dilibatkan dalam kebijakan di tingkat terendah dengan memberikan umpan balik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui studi kasus. Responden penelitian merupakan mahasiswa peserta program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka di Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya, Jakarta. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dan hasil analisis menemukan bahwa motivasi mahasiswa mengikuti program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka nonkelas adalah untuk pemahaman konsep dan pembentukan karakter. Sedangkan partisipan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka kelas memiliki orientasi utama untuk konversi nilai. Tidak terdapat perbedaan ketercapaian pembelajaran berdasarkan kriteria popularitas, kesesuaian bidang usaha, maupun lokasi mitra program. Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka juga dinyatakan bermanfaat untuk mengasah kemampuan adaptasi dan pengembangan soft skill dengan mengenal budaya organisasi dan cara belajar yang berbeda.
IMPLEMENTASI SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PERILAKU ANTIKEKERASAN
Authors: Azizah Aida Nur , Nuria Fitriawan Bunga Kharisma , Muzhaffarah Nabilah Salwa , Anisa Septia Nur , Syanur Vanya Fadhilah
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan ramah anak berdasarkan model implementasi Richard F. Elmore. Program Sekolah Ramah Anak merupakan program yang menjamin hak-hak anak dalam mendapatkan pendidikan dan memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman kepada peserta didik di lingkungan sekolah. Namun, fakta menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemenuhan hak anak dan perlindungan anak di lingkungan pendidikan belum terlaksana secara maksimal. Terdapat peningkatan kasus kekerasan anak sepanjang tahun 2021 hingga 2022 yang meliputi diskriminasi dan perundungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Data dihimpun melalui wawancara dengan koordinator program Sekolah Ramah Anak, siswa, dan guru, serta studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Sekolah Ramah Anak di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Yogyakarta belum sepenuhnya optimal karena pelaksanaan program masih didominasi oleh aktor internal sekolah. Pihak sekolah belum berupaya menyesuaikan program Sekolah Ramah Anak setiap tahunnya, sehingga kasus kekerasan terus terjadi dengan pelaku, korban, dan bentuk kekerasan yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, pihak sekolah perlu melakukan peningkatan peran dalam penyelenggaraan program Sekolah Ramah Anak, memperluas jaringan kerja sama dengan berbagai pihak termasuk dengan orang tua, dan melakukan pembaruan program Sekolah Ramah Anak secara berkala sesuai dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan
TOXICITY TEST OF ORANGE BENALOY LEAVES ETHANOL (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser) ON Artemia salina L. Shrimp LARVA AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Yulandari N. K. N. , Rita W. S. , Rustini N. L.
Published: May 2024

Benalu jeruk, Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan kanker atau sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak etanol daun benalu jeruk (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) terhadap larva udang Artemia salina serta kandungan golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan metode skrining fitokimia. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dan partisi, Uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa pereaksi pendekteksi golongan senyawa. Maserasi 1 kg serbuk daun benalu jeruk menghasilkan ekstrak pekat etanol sebesar 49,74 gram. Proses partisi 10 gram ekstrak pekat etanol menghasilkan 5,3838 gram ekstrak pekat n-heksana, 2,2239 gram ekstrak pekat etil asetat, 1,3012 gram ekstrak pekat n-butanol dan 1,0911 gram ekstrak air. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol dan air secara berturut-turut dengan nilai LC50 162,7565; 83,3017; 147,0026; 660,2279; dan  921, 6679 ppm. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap metabolit sekunder alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid, dan tanin.
Kata kunci: benalu jeruk (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, toksisitas, uji fitokimia
ABSTRACT
           The citrus parasite, Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, can be used for the treatment of cancer or cytotoxic. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of the ethanol extract of citrus parasite leaves (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) against shrimp larvae of Artemia salina and the content of secondary metabolite compounds using phytochemical screening methods. The extraction was carried out by the maceration and partitioning methods, the toxicity test by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and phytochemical screening by using several detection reagents. Maceration of 1 kg of citrus parasite leaves yielded a concentrated ethanol extract of 49.74 grams. The partition process of 10 grams of concentrated ethanol extract produced 5.3838 grams of concentrated n-hexane extract, 2.2239 grams of concentrated ethyl acetate extract, 1.3012 grams of concentrated n-butanol extract and 1.0911 grams of water extract. The toxicity test for ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts resulted in LC50 values ??of 162.7565; 83.3017; 147.0026; 660.2279; and 921.6679 ppm, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for secondary metabolites of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins.
Keywords: citrus parasite (Scurrula ferrugenia (Jack) Danser, toxicity, phytochemical test
Authors: Sari A. A. D. P. , Widihati I. A. G. , Bawa I G. A. G.
Published: May 2024

Denpasar sebagai salah satu pusat kota penghasil sayur organik di Bali dan juga sebagai daerah destinasi pariwisata, memiliki tingkat pencemaran yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesiasi dan bioavailabilitas logam Pb dan Cu pada tanah dan edible part sayur pakcoy yang ditanam di Kota Denpasar. Metode untuk menentukan bioavailabilitasnya menggunakan ekstraksi bertahap dan pengukuran konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cu menggunakan Instrumen AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Spesiasi logam Pb dominan bersifat berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase sebelum penanaman dan saat panen sebesar 90,46% dan 79,30%. Sementara itu, spesiasi logam Cu pada tanah dominan bersifat non bioavailable dengan persentase sebelum penanaman dan saat panen sebesar 55,98% dan 48,85%. Kandungan Pb dan Cu total.dalam tanah sebelum penanaman diperoleh sebesar 45,1504 mg/kg dan 84,9271 mg/kg namun, saat panen logam Pb mengalami kenaikan sebesar  99,84% dan logam Cu mengalami penurunan sebesar 12,50% dari kondisi awal. Pada bagian edible part sayur pakcoy kandungan Pb dan Cu sebesar 7,7164 mg/kg dan 20,6295 mg/kg. Berdasarkan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, sayur pakcoy pada semua lahan dalam penelitian ini tergolong tercemar logam Pb dan Cu karena melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan.
Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, logam total, pakcoy, Pb dan Cu, pertanian organik.
ABSTRACT
          Denpasar as one of the city centers in Bali, which produces organic vegetables and is also a tourism destination, has a relatively high level of pollution. The goal of this research was to determine the speciation and bioavailability of Pb and Cu metals in soil and edible parts of Bok choy vegetables grown in Denpasar City. The method used to determine the bioavailability was sequential extraction and the Pb and Cu metal concentrations using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) instrument. The speciation of Pb was dominantly potentially bioavailable with the percentage before planting and at harvest of 90.46% and 79.30%, respectively. Meanwhile, the speciation of Cu on the soil was dominantly non-bioavailable with the percentage before planting and at harvest of 55.98% and 48.85%, respectively. The total Pb and Cu contents in the soil before planting were 45,1504 mg/kg and 84.9271 mg/kg, but when harvested, the Pb content increased by 99.84% and the Cu content decreased by 12.50% from the initial conditions. In the edible part of the Bok choy vegetable, the Pb and Cu contents were 7.7164 mg/kg and 20.6295 mg/kg. Based on the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, Bok choy vegetables in all lands in this study were classified as contaminated with Pb and Cu metals because they exceeded the specified threshold.
Keywords: bioavailability, Bok choy, organic agriculture, total metal, Pb and Cu
ГОРНАЯ ЮГО-ЗАПАДНАЯ ТАВРИКА НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОГО ПЕРИОДА(ПО ДАННЫМ НАРРАТИВНЫХ И ЭПИГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ XIII–XIV ВВ.)
Authors: Кузенков Павел Владимирович , Могаричев Юрий Миронович
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматривается один из наименее изученных периодов в истории Горной Юго-Западной Таврики, 2-я половина XIII в. В этот период происходит коренная трансформация политической системы всего Причерноморского региона, началом которой послужило разрушение Византийской империи в 1204 г., а катализатором выступили монгольские завоевания. Начиная с 20-х гг. XIII в., Крымский полуостров подвергается вторжениям армий Чингисхана и его потомков, однако процесс его интеграции в структуру Улуса Джучи (Золотой Орды) протекает неравномерно и растягивается на многие десятилетия. На основе комплексного анализа нарративных и эпиграфических источников авторы изучают специфику ранней фазы золотоордынского периода на территории Горного Юго- Западного Крыма, где представлены такие значительные археологические памятники, как Эски-Кермен и Мангуп. Сделаны выводы о том, что в рассматриваемый период регион сохранял определенную форму независимости от ханской власти и управлялся местными полиэтничными элитами, которые сохраняли приверженность греческому православному христианству, но при этом стремились вписатьсяв формирующийся привилегированный класс Золотой Орды.
О ПРОБЛЕМЕ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ЮАНЬСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ В ПРИМОРЬЕ
Authors: Ивлиев Александр Львович , Асташенкова Елена Валентиновна , Бакшеева Светлана Евгеньевна , Гельман Евгения Ивановна
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматриваются археологические свидетельства, которые используются в литературе для обоснования выделения памятников эпохи Юань на территории Приморья России. Анализируются эпиграфические данные, планировка так называемых юаньских памятников, плоская и полуцилиндрическая фронтальная черепица, стеклянные изделия, глазурованная керамика и фарфор сорта цычжоу, керамика с низкотемпературной зеленой глазурью. Авторы приходят к выводу, что не существовало какой-либо специфики в фортификации и устройстве городов в монгольское время, ахарактерная для ряда монгольских городов и поселений планировка не наблюдается на относимых к юаньской эпохе памятниках в Приморье. Стандарты черепицы и декор на предполагаемых юаньских памятниках имеет полные аналогии материалу известных в настоящее время чжурчжэньских памятников как на территории Приморья, так и в КНР, включая Верхнюю столицу Цзинь, не имеющую юаньского слоя. Стеклянные бусы и украшения также характерны для чжурчжэньских памятников Цзинь и Восточного Ся. Глазурованная посуда сорта цычжоу и с зеленой глазурью из Приморьяне может рассматриваться как маркер присутствия монголов в Приморье. Анализ исторических сведений показывает, что на протяжении большей части XIII в. чжурчжэни в Приморье и на смежной территории Северо-Восточного Китая сохраняли свою государственность и управлялись со стороны Монгольской империи дистанционно, как вассальное владение. Предлагается корректнее использовать радиоуглеродные датировки, которые имеют широкий разброс, и даже могут прямо противоречить материалу.
ВОПРОСЫ ПЛАНИГРАФИИ ХИРХИРИНСКОГО ГОРОДИЩА В СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ
Authors: Крадин Николай Николаевич
Published: May 2024

Монгольская держава была самой крупной империей в доиндустриальную эпоху. Сами монголы были кочевниками, но по мере завоевания других стран стали строить крупные города. Их столицы поражали путешественников и торговцев из земледельческих государств. Были построены города с валами и без них, большие поселения без фортификации, отдельные усадьбы и загородные дворцы. В этой статье обсуждаются три города ранней имперской истории монголов без валов. Рассмотрена планиграфия Хирхиринского городища (Забайкалье) в сравнении с двумя другими известными городамиМонгольской империи – Аварга (Восточная Монголия) и Хархулхан-балгас (Центральная Монголия). Выделены такие типичные черты, как отсутствие городских стен, расположение резиденции правителя на юге, строительство города слева, справа и сзади (север) от дворца, усадебная планировка, сезонный характер присутствия элиты.
ИСТОРИКО-ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР КАРАВАН-САРАЕВ ПЛАТО УСТЮРТ
Authors: Калменов Мурат Дабылович , Бижанова Алия Ермековна , Курманалин Самат Бакитжанович
Published: May 2024

Статья посвящена караван-сараям, расположенным на плато Устюрт. В период государства Улуг Улуса (Золотоя Орда) приоритетным караванным сообщением становится дорога через плато Устюрт, обустроенная грандиозными, хорошо укрепленными гостиными дворами – караван-сараями. Торговые караваны из Ургенча попадали в город Сарайчик на реке Жайык (Урал), и далее направлялись в столицу Золотой Орды, город Сарай-Бату на Волге. Укрепленные «гостиницы» – караван-сараи – были привязаны к колодцам или искусственно созданным хранилищам – водонакопителям сезонных осадков, располагавшимся на расстоянии одного или двух дней перехода каравана. Главная постройка в виде небольшой крепости служила гостиницей для купцов и состоятельных путешественников. Здесь имелись небольшие комнаты, кухня, столовая, возможно, баня, а также складские помещения для хранения перевозимых товаров. Караван-сараи выполняли и роль почтовых станций, где гонцы могли поменять лошадей. Небольшой военизированный отряд, расквартированный поблизости, был призван охранять и контролировать торговую трассу на этом участке. Вблизи караван-сараев возникали небольшие селения для обслуживающего караваны персонала – погонщиков, охранников, мигрирующего населения. Насегодня, на плато Устюрт известно 10 караван-сараев – Учкудук, Ажикелди, Белеули, Косбулак и Чурук, Кусшы ата, Коптам (Белдеули) и у родника Коскудук (Есетбулак), также в направлении Каспийского моря расположены Уали и Маната. Караван-сараи вытянуты по прямой с юго-востока на северо-запад. Между крайними обследованными памятниками расстояние составляет около 270 км.
ХОДЖА РУШНОИ – ОСТАТКИ СЕЛЕНИЯ ТИМУРИДСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В ДОЛИНЕ КАШКАДАРЬИ (УЗБЕКИСТАН)
Authors: Раимкулов Абдисабур Аззамович , Омонов Дилмурод Суннатович , Абдурахимов Санжар Уктамович
Published: May 2024

Монументальные архитектурные сооружения, построенные Амиром Тимуром и его потомками, широко известны как шедевры всемирного зодчества. Основное число монументальных зданий, построенных представителями этой династии, сосредоточены, в основном в Самарканде и в Кеше- Шахрисабзе. Архитектурные сооружения тимуридского времени изучаются уже более ста лет известными учеными в области архитектуры. По этому вопросу в Узбекистане, в СНГ и за рубежом опубликованы сотни монографий и научных статей. На фоне исследований монументальных памятников тимуридского времени, жилища и образ жизни простого неселения, особенно сельского, почти не изучались. Письменные источники так же не продоставляют никакой информации о сельских поселениях того времени. Археологические раскопки, проводимые авторами данной статьи на площади селения Ходжа Рушнои, расположенного в Мубарекском районе Кашкадарьинского области Узбекистана, впервые предоставили возможнось обследовать жилища и образ жизни простого сельского населения тимуридского времени. Выяснилось, что топография селений и материальная культура, особенно керамические изделия тимуридского времени сильно отличается от сельских поселений домонгольского периода.
Evidence on Price Formation In Financial Markets: A Multitemporal Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Keyla , Dias Rui , Galvão Rosali Maria Ferreira da , Varela Miguel
Published: May 2024

Background: Although clean energy stocks have become a popular new asset class for market players, relatively little research has been done on risk management strategies for investors in clean energy stock markets. Gold and Silver are examples of precious metals typically considered suitable investments to hedge against uncertainty. Therefore, their demand tends to rise when stock markets decline.
 
Purpose: The study aims to analyse the influence of precious metals (Gold, Silver and Platinum) and green stock indices (Clean Energy Fuels, Nasdaq Clean Edge Green Energy, S&P Global Clean Energy, WilderHill Clean Energy) on price formation during different economic periods between 1 January 2018 and 23 November 2023.
 
Methods: The periods analysed were Tranquil, 2020 pandemic, pre-conflict and Conflict (Russian invasion of Ukraine). To this end, a VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald model was estimated to identify different influence patterns during each period.
 
Results: During the Tranquil period, 15 movements affecting prices were observed, with Silver significantly influencing all its peers, while Gold impacted Platinum, S&P Global, Nasdaq and WilderHill. Platinum was the asset that received the most shocks from its peers. During the 2020 pandemic, there was an increase to 26 movements, with the S&P Global and Nasdaq Clean indices influencing most of their peers. Gold and Platinum continued to be the assets most influenced by their peers. In the pre-conflict period, 11 movements were identified, with the highlight being the mutual influence between Gold, the Nasdaq and WilderHill indices, and Platinum. During this period, Silver and S&P Global only affected the price formation of Platinum and Clean Energy Fuels, respectively. During the Conflict period, 18 movements were observed, highlighting the influence of Platinum and S&P Global on the price formation of various assets. Gold was the asset that received the most shocks from its peers during this period.
 
Conclusion: the results indicate changes in the interactions between assets throughout the different economic contexts, highlighting the importance of understanding these dynamics to make more informed decisions.
Modernizacja Sił Zbrojnych RP w kontekście doświadczeń z wojny w Ukrainie
Authors:   Akademia Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte, Drzewiecki Andrzej
Published: May 2024

The large-scale modernisation undertakings of the Polish army call for serious reflection regarding their necessity, on the one hand, and their effectiveness, on the other. Ido not share the view of the many supporters of excessive armaments that they have already or will soon make Poland, if not asuperpower, then at least astate immune to external threats, especially from the Russian Federation, and largely independent in terms of security. It seems that the problem is not about the statistics of new armaments, although they are impressive. The key issue here is another one contained in the question: to what extent are we improving the state defence system in this way? Because if this is not the case, it would mean that this process is driven by the war beyond our eastern border rather than by the rationality deeply embedded in the structures of NATO and the EU.
Evaluating The Analgesic Activity of Leaf, Stem Bark Extract And Isolated Nutraceuticals of Caesalpinia Bonducella L (Roxb.)
Authors: B. J. Devaraja , M. B. Manoj , K. Raagavalli , S. R. Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic potential of Caesalpinia bonducella L (Roxb.) by evaluating the efficacy of leaf and stem bark extracts and isolated nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals were isolated via column chromatography and characterized using IR and NMR. Analgesic activities were assessed in vivo using the hot plate, capsaicin-induced pain, and tail flick tests on 36 albino mice across nine groups. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids and polyphenols. Pure nutraceuticals displayed superior analgesic properties compared to the control. Ethanol extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella leaf and bark exhibited higher analgesic efficacy than other extracts and the control (P<0.05). The study suggests the plant's potential in the nutraceutical field, highlighting its therapeutic value and positioning it as a valuable resource for India's nutraceutical sector.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metronidazole and Heterocycle Ester Dyads for Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Elavarasu S. R. , Senthil S.
Published: May 2024

Tyrosinase is an important copper-based enzyme mainly involved in skin pigmentation. The inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme attracts importance in cosmetic and medicinal chemistry industry for its applications in skin whitening and anti-browning agents for humans as well as in food, agriculture industries. Imidazole based Metronidazole and its derivatives are widely accepted drug for wide range of diseases. Therefore, the present report involves the synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives of metronidazole and investigation of its efficacy towards the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. A series of metronidazole esters were synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed using spectral techniques like, infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All the compounds were evaluated for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity by oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the presence of the synthesized esters(I-VIII) with kojic acid as standard. Among the synthesized compounds, VII (isonicotinic ester) and VIII (quinoline ester) demonstrated significant activity IC50 values 92.5 and 91.8µM respectively. Further molecular docking experiments were carried out for the synthesized compounds with 2y9w protein exhibited greater number of physical interactions for compounds VII and VIII than the other compounds in the series confirming the mushroom tyrosinase activity.
Análisis del discurso pedagógico en los textos escolares de historia de Colombia. Acerca de una encuesta de opinión aplicada a los escolare colombianos
Authors: Jímenez Manuel
Published: May 2024

Resumen
The Modularity of Mind. An Essay on Faculty Psychology
Authors: Campo Ana Beatriz
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Procesos textuales: en busca de calidad en la enseñanza de español
Authors: Pardo Abril Neyla Graciela
Published: May 2024

Resumen
موقف الإمارات العربية المتحدة من أزمة البوسنة والهرسك1992-1995م
Authors: أحمد نايف قاسم , عبيد حسين العبيدي صدام خليفة
Published: May 2024

تعد الحرب البوسنية من أهم وأخطر وأطول الحروب التي شهدتها القارة الأوربية منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية، نتيجة لعمليات الإبادة الجماعية والتطهير العرقي وتهجير سكان تلك الجمهورية وانتهاك حقوق الإنسان فيها، مما شكل ذلك الصراع مخاوف لدى الدول الأوربية من انتقاله إلى البلدان والاقاليم المجاورة، فضلاً عن مخاوفها من قيام دولة إسلامية في قلب أوروبا؛ لذلك فقد أولت أوروبا قضية البوسنة والهرسك أهمية كبيرة، وصارت من أولوياتها فضلاً عن أهمية القضية البوسنية فيما يتعلق بالعالم الإسلامي والعمل على الأصعدة جميعها لأجل ضمان حقوق إخوانهم في الدين والعمل بشتى الوسائل للوصول إلى حلول ترضي جميع الأطراف، ونتيجة للجرائم الوحشية والإبادات الجماعية التي هزت العالم الاسلامي، لاسيما الإمارات العربية المتحدة، إذ تتمتع بخصوصية تتضح من خلال عمقها الإسلامي وحلفائها في الخليج العربي، إذْ بذلت الإمارات العربية المتحدة جهودها على الأصعدة السياسية والدبلوماسية والاقتصادية لإيقاف تلك الحرب، وما دل على ذلك احتجاجها لدى الأمم المتحدة ودول العالم العظمى وغيرها للحد من جرائم الصرب، فضلاً عن توظيف العامل الدبلوماسي من خلال قطع العلاقات السياسية والاقتصادية مع الدول المتعاطفة مع الصرب، مما يؤثر بمصالحها الخاصة، فضلاً عن ذلك قامت الإمارات العربية المتحدة بدور فعال لإغاثة الشعب البوسني، إذ دفعت ملايين الدولارات في المجال الصحي والغذائي والبنى التحتية، وكان لذلك الموقف الأثر الفعال في مساندة شعب البوسنة والهرسك.
NAČELO UČEŠĆA JAVNOSTI U DONOŠENJU ODLUKA OD ZNAČAJA ZA ŽIVOTNU SREDINU U MEĐUNARODNOM PRAVU
Authors: Stjelja Ivana
Published: May 2024

The public participation principle allows the public to express their views and needs, thus effective implementation of this principle enables citizens and their associations to influence decisions important to them. In the 1990s, there was a growing idea that to make a fair environmental decision, it was essential to involve those affected by the decision. This article researches into the public participation principle in the field of environmental protection, both in theory and in its position within international environmental law. Moreover, it examines the concept and elements of public participation, the notion of the public, and the significance of public participation in realising environmental rights. International environmental treaties analysis reveals that the public participation principle has been widely accepted, and has played a crucial role in their further development.