bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Superchilling Storage on Quality Characterizes of Beef as Compared with Chilled and Frozen Preservation
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Rui , Kong Bao Hua , Zhang Yong Gen
Published: July 2012

Food preservation is very important for the quality and safety of the meat and its product. In present study, the fresh beef were storaged in three different conditions, which including superchilling (-1 °C), chilled (4 °C) and frozen (-18 °C) preservation, respectively. The pH value, total plate count, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and color were also determined. The result showed that after 8 days storage, the chilled beef decayed seriously, the frozen beef had no conspicuous changes, and the beef under supperchilling condition could extend the shelflife to 20 days and also maintained higher quality. To some extent, superchilling storage represent an advantage over traditional chilled and frozen storage, it is a good way to preserve freshness of fresh products and the raw material before processing, and also could have great effect on improving the quality characterizes of beef and prolong its shelf life.
Development of Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acid for Monitoring Changes of Fatty Acid Profile of Camellia Oil
Authors: Zhu Yong , Zhong Hai Yan , Sun Han Zhou , Zhou Bo , Long Qi Zhi , Zhu Pei
Published: July 2012

To analyze the formation of fatty acid (FA) and trans fatty acids (TFAs) in camellia oil, the method of quantitative analysis of FA was investigated by gas chromatography (GC). 15 kinds of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) standards have been referred; the database used for external and internal standard analysis method was established. The correlation coefficient (r2) of all the linear regression equations both external and internal standard curves were more than 0.99, the recovery of all FAMEs standards from 92.01% to 106.7%, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the intra-day from 2.966% to 6.302%. Five FA, i.e. C16:0, C18:0, C18:1-9c, C18:2-9c12c, C18:3-9c12c15c, have been discovered in raw camellia oil. The content was 8.732, 2.168, 81.44, 8.925 and 0.7299 g/100g, respectively. Six kinds of FA have been formatted, i.e. C16:0, C18:0, C18:1-9t, C18:1-9c, C18:2-9c12c, C18:3-9c12c15c in heated camellia oil (270oC, 1 h) with the content of 8.341, 2.101, 1.931, 71.72, 4.636, 0.4680 g/100g, respectively. These values suggested that an extensive change has been occurred in the formation of FA of camellia oil after heated.
Antioxidant Activities In Vitro of Extracts from the Fermented Chinese Jujube
Authors: Yuan Yana , Zhang Ping Ping , Liu Jin Fu , Zhang Li Jin , Liu Tong Hai
Published: July 2012

Chinese Jujube has long been used for human consumption and medicinal purposes in China. The objective of this study was to extract active substance from the powder of fermented Chinese Jujube and to detect their antioxidant capacities. Macroreticular resin was used to separate FJ-1 from 60% ethanol extract, and silica gel column was used for further separation of FJ-2. Precipitation of CPJ was conducted by addition of 95% ethanol to the water extract. The ability to eliminate DPPH•, O2• and •OH of this component was analyzed. Their activities show dose dependence character. FJ-1, FJ-2 show excellent antioxidant capacity on eliminating DPPH• and •OH, but CPJ shows lower capacity. The capacity on eliminating O2• of CPJ is higher than FJ-1, FJ-2 at the same concentration.
Determination of Molecular Weight and Structure Characterization of Canna Amylose Purified Using the Method of n-Butanol Recrystallization
Authors: Shi Hai Xin , Yin Yan Zhen , Hu Xiao Xi , Jiao Shu Fei
Published: July 2012

The canna amylose (CAM) was separated from canna starch grown in China and purified both using the method of n-butanol recrystallization. The purity, morphology, spectral properties and molecular weight of CAM were characterized by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV/Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and Ubbelohde viscometer. Maximum absorption wavelength of the purified CAM (635－638 nm) and it’s blue values (BV) (1.167 ± 0.209) prove that the purification of the CAM by n-butanol recrystallization was successfully carried out. The SEM results show that CAM granule surface become rougher and the CAM granule size become smaller than that of canna starch. The XRD results suggest that most of CAM granule is amorphous. And the FT-IR results show that the basic chemical groups of canna starch are also presented in CAM. However, the amorphous area of CAM is increased. The intrinsic viscosity and viscosity-average molecular weight of CAM is 78.5 mL/g and 1.65×105, respectively.
Effect of Ginkgo Protein on Dough Rheological Performances
Authors: Sun Xiao Fei , Qiao Yu Hui
Published: July 2012

This paper investigated main compositions, water-holding capacity and oil-absorbing capacity of ginkgo protein. Experimental results showed that ginkgo protein contained 80.36 percents of protein which can meet the functional requirements of food and possessed excellent oil-absorbing capacity and water-holding capacity which was beneficial to flour absorbing oil and holding water. Ginkgo protein was added into flour to make dough with different ginkgo protein content. Experimental data showed that ginkgo protein enhanced the dough opaque property and boosted the dough tensile property. Therefore, adding appropriate amount of ginkgo protein can improve the dough rheological performances.
Influence of the Fertilizer Placement on the Nutrient Uptake of Summer Maize Early Growth
Authors: Wang He , Bai You Lu , Yang Li Ping , Lu Yan Li , Wang Lei
Published: July 2012

The proper fertilizer placement is an important technical measure to reduce fertilizer waste and increase the yield of summer maize. Fertilizer application into the area where root system density is higher and root activity is relatively large, which would accelerate the uptake rate and increase uptake quantity of nutrient of maize, improve the yield of summer maize. Appling quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the bottom of the maize seed is easy to cause the phenomenon of burn seedlings. But coated nitrogen fertilizer can slowly release nitrogen and will not harm the germination of maize seed, so it may be feasible to apply coated nitrogen fertilizer in the bottom of the maize seed. A field experiment is designed to study the effect on summer maize early growth and nutrient uptake by coated nitrogen fertilizer placement and the result shows that the nutrients diffusion area of coated nitrogen fertilizer is relative small, and applying the fertilizer below can centralize the nutrients around the area where root system is dense, promote the growth of maize‘s root system and increase maize’s uptake of nitrogen.
Valuation and Characterization of Actinidin Treatment to Pork
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Qian , Lin Xiao Yan , Liao Xi Yan
Published: July 2012

The paper studied the effect of kiwifruit protease on tenderization of pork and related characterization has been made, the result indicates that pork marinate with kiwifruit protease may lead the degradation of collagen protein and the change of the myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), particle size, viscosity, Warner-Bratzler shear force, area force versus time (Area F-T) as well as microstructure characteristics. Because of the inconvenience of characterization of MFI and soluble collagen, viscosity, particle size analysis, shear force and area F-T can fast and accurate characteristic the changes of tenderizer of pork after marination with kiwifruit protease.
Study on the Structure and Properties of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/ Polyamide 6 Blends
Authors: Zhang Shi Jie , Tang Yi Wen , Yang Xin Li , Cheng Li Hua
Published: July 2012

3-10％(wt) Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was mixed with PA6 through the twin-screw extruder, a new type of high hygroscopic nylon resins can be obtained. With the increasing addition of PVP the crystalline state of PA6 changes from γ to α phase. The intermolecular hydrogen bond exists between PVP and PA6. The FTIR and WAXD analysis can approve the existence of the intermolecular hydrogen bond and the change of the PA6 crystalline state.
Study on Characteristic of Osmotic Dehydration and Mass Transfer of Tilapia Fillet in Sucrose Solution
Authors: Duan Zhen Hua , Wang Ju Lan , Wu Yan Yan , Peng Jian , Yang Yi , Pan Yong Gui
Published: July 2012

To investigate behavior of osmotic dehydration and mass transfer of tilapia fillet in sucrose solution, the changes of moisture content (MC), solid gain (SG) were quantitatively determined during osmotic treatments of fresh tilapia fillets with the sucrose solution concentration (20-40%), temperature (20-30°C), fillet thickness (1-5mm) and osmotic time (1-8h) as the independent treatment factors. Results were as follows: First, MC of fish fillet decreased, and SG of fish fillet increased with increasing of the concentration of sucrose solution. Second, the osmotic dehydration of fish fillet was fast during the first hour and slowed during the 2nd or 4th hour. Third, the dehydration and SG of fish fillet increased with increasing of treatment temperature, but influence of temperature on osmotic dehydration and SG was decreasing with increasing of the concentration of sucrose solution. Finally, a thinner fillet was found to own higher of dehydration and SG than a thicker one.
Decay Mechanism of the Chestnut Stored in Low Temperature
Authors: Tan Zheng Lin , Wu Mou Cheng , Li Jie , Wang Qing Zhang
Published: July 2012

Based on the determination of physiological indexes of chestnut stored in the refrigerator, i.e. SOD (Superoxidize dismutase), CAT (Catalase), MDA (Malondialdehyde), Vc (Vitamin C) and GSH (Glutathione), damage rate and decay rate, by Factor Analysis and Canonical Correration Analysis, decay mechanism of the chestnut is that leaking of electrons results the formation of O2., which promote the SOD activity and Vc content; O2. damages mitochondrial membrane, its electrons transfer to H2O and then form H2O2 which damages the membrane, finally result in chestnut decay. By Comparison of the membrane and the mitochondrion in electron microscope photos of chestnut cell, this conclusion is also proved.
Effect of 1-MCP and Salicylic Acid on Sugars, Organic Acids and Amino Acids in Peach Fruit during Postharvest Ripening
Authors: Wang You Sheng , Chen Xiao Yan , Li Li Ping , Hu Ling
Published: July 2012

The present study investigated the influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and salicylic acid (SA) on sugars, organic acids and amino acids in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Okubao) during postharvest ripening. The results of principal components analysis (PCA) showed 1-MCP increased the levels of fructose, sucrose, glucose and inositol, but decreased citric acid and oxalic acid levels, whereas no significant difference was observed in SA-treated fruit compared with controls. The result of partial least square regression (PLSR) showed that glucose and asparagine were shown to be strongly correlated with sensory sweetness, sweetness/sourness ratio and overall flavor, whereas sucrose and inositol were significant positive correlated with sourness of peach fruit.
Inhibition of Free Radical and Neuroprotective Effect of Four Varieties of Ficus deltoidea
Authors: Dzolin Syazwani , Ahmad Rohaya , Mazatulikhma Mat Zain , Syed Aris Sharipah Ruzaina
Published: July 2012

Oxidative stress and the implications have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorder of the brain including Alzheimer’s disease. Nowadays, the interests in the protective role of several plants extracts are growing up. Plants antioxidants ability includes the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant defences. In this study, neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y was used to determine the neuroprotective effect of the leaves and figs of aqueous extract of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea namely var kunstleri, var angustifolia, var deltoidea, and var intermedia. The study showed the positive interaction between the inhibition of free radical with the neuroprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced in SH-SY5Y cells.
Antioxidative Capacity of Peptides Isolated from Soybean Meal
Authors: Xu Jing , Jiang Lian Zhou , Li Yang , Wu Xia
Published: July 2012

Soybean meal was hydrolyzed by Neutrase in research. DPPH radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and reducing power were chosen as the response values. Then the optimal technique was established through a systemic research on the influencing factors, including hydrolysis temperature, time, pH, enzyme amount and substrate concentration. Results show that the soybean meal can be effectively hydrolyzed by Neutrase, and the optimal technique conditions were temperature 40°C, time 4h, pH 7.0, enzyme amount 48,000U/g substrate, and substrate concentration 6%. Under these conditions, reducing power is 0.954.
Changes in Structural Properties of Porcine Myofibrillar Protein Induced by Frozen Storage
Authors: Xia Xiu Fang , Kong Bao Hua , Jiang Lian Zhou , Li Pei Jun , Chen Qian
Published: July 2012

Changes in structure property of myofibrillar protein from porcine longissimus dorsi were monitored during 12 months of storage at –5, –18, –26, –35 and –70 °C. With the extended frozen time at the same temperature, Ca2+-ATPase activity, K+-ATPase activity, total sulfhydryl content reactive sulfhydryl content decreased (P < 0.05), surface hydrophobicity (S0-NAS) increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, stucture of myofibrillar protein was more susceptible to high frozen storage temperature than low frozen storage temperature. There was markedly loss in band intensity of myosin heavy chain, actin, paramyosin, troponin, and propomyosin from frozen meat within frozen storage.
Effect of Stearoyl Lactate Calcium-Sodium as Promising Improvers for Wheat Bread
Authors: Zhang Jun He , Zeng Jie , Li Guang Lei , Gao Hai Yan
Published: July 2012

The effects of stearoyl lactate calcium –sodium (CSL-SSL) as improvers on the textural properties of dough and bread was investigated. It was found that CSL-SSL at 0.04% (w/w) of the flour weight produced better quality of bread. Texture analysis showed that the hardness, chewiness, gumminess degree of the dough and bread reduced and the flexibility and adhesion increased greatly. This results indicated CSL-SSL could greatly improve the quality of dough and bread. Determination of the microstructure further demonstrated the emulsifier CSL-SSL might promote the link of starch and protein and which could strengthened the gluten network structure.
Effects of Pneumatic Conveying Drying Conditions on Damaged Starch Content and Particle Size of Cassava Starch
Authors: Aichayawanich Sawanit , Nopharatana Montira , Nopharatana Annop , Songkasiri Warinthorn
Published: July 2012

This research aimed to investigate the effects of pneumatic conveying drying conditions on damaged starch content and particle size of cassava starch using response surface methodology. Three parameters of interest, i.e. drying air temperature (120, 160, and 200oC), drying air velocity (20, 30, and 40 m/s), and feed moisture content (40, 50, and 60% d.b.), were varied. Experimental results showed that damaged starch content and average particle size of cassava starch before drying were approximately 0.45% and 21.47µm, respectively. However, after drying, the values were altered to approximately 0.69 to 6.84% and 15.40 to 31.67 µm, respectively. The drying air temperature, drying air velocity, and feed moisture content significantly affected the changes. The results indicated that cassava starch granules were damaged and then agglomerated into large particle during pneumatic conveying drying depending on operation conditions.
Inhibitory Effect on Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Clove Extracts in Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and the Possible Mode of Action
Authors: Han Jian Chun , Liu Qian , Zhang Yong Gen , Li Shuang Mei , Chen Qian , Li Jing
Published: July 2012

The experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant efficacy of clove extract (CE) in surimi from silver carp during -1°C storage. CE was added to surimi at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (w/w) further determined its antioxidant efficacy. Compared with control (without antioxidants), CE treatments significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS values), a*-value, and total carbonyls content, reduced the total sulfhydryl loss of surimi in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and both ATPase activity increased with the increasing of the storage time (P < 0.05).The results suggested the positive effect of CE to retard lipid and protein oxidation and discoloration of surimi, and its potential use as natural antioxidants in fish products.
Influence of Osmotic Agent Concentration and Drying Temperature on the Osmotic Dehydration of Pomelo
Authors: Jengsooksawat Sirasa , Aichayawanich Sawanit
Published: July 2012

This research aimed to study on the optimum condition for osmotic dehydration of pomelo. The experimental procedure was divided into 2 sections. For first section, the effect of sucrose solution concentration (50, 60, and 70 oBrix) on osmotic rate and moisture content of osmotic dehydrated pomelo were evaluated. After that, the effects of drying temperature (50, 65, and 80oC) on quality of osmotic dehydrated pomelo including, odor, texture, taste, and color were determined. The experimental results showed that the osmotic dehydration rate of pomelo were 6.4, 9.4, and 9.6 oBrix/hr when the pomelo was immersed in 50, 60, and 70 oBrix sucrose solutions, respectively. The moisture content of osmotic dehydrated pomelo which immersed in 70oBrix was lowest. The osmotic dehydrated pomelo that was immersed in 70 oBrix sucrose solutions and dried at 50oC has highest quality.
Improvements in Functionalities of Porcine Serum Protein Hydrolysates Induced by Free Hydroxyl Radical
Authors: Yang He Hong , Li Pei Jun , Kong Bao Hua , Li Yan Qing , Zhao Ju Yang , Zhang Hong Tao , Chang Zhao , Yu Cai Feng , Liu Shi Xin
Published: July 2012

Hydrolysated peptides from kinds of proteins have been applied as natural ingredients in food industry, mainly due to their good functional properties. However, the fate of them under different processing conditions is rarely understood. In our study, changes of functional properties in porcine plasma protein hydrolysates (PPH) were evaluated in a free hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation system. PPH was obtained by hydrolyzing porcine plasma protein with Alcalase for 5 h at pH 8.0, 55°C. When exposed to free radical-mediated oxidation, functional properties of PPH improved dramatically with growing oxidant concentrations and reaction time, especially at 20°C. Solubility, foaming capacity and emulsification of PPH increased significantly (P < 0.05) during early stage of oxidation, with solubility increasing from 83.1% (non-oxidized PPH) to 97.4%(20°C, 10mM H2OSubscript text2, 5 h), emulsifying activity index and foaming capacity rising form 1.24m2/g to 2.73 m2/g, and 144% to183%, respectively. Stability for emulsifying and foaming were also found to be reinforced. The improvements in functional properties of PPH helped to play theoretical basis for applying the peptides in food systems.
Rapid Determination of Formaldehyde in Dried Bean Milk Cream by HPLC with Pre-Column Derivatization
Authors: Tong Qi , Song Jian Zheng , Li Qiu Rong
Published: July 2012

A high-performance liquid chromatography method was set up for rapid determination of formaldehyde in dried bean milk cream. This thesis studies the Nash derivatization, derivative solubility, reaction time, amounts of Nash and derivative stability. The derivative is chromatographic separated by Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6mm× 250mm, 5μm) and detected by index detector with VWD (412nm). The heater does not need the temperature-controlling system. A mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (50:50, V/V) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Under the conditions of the above-mentioned test, the developed calibration curves displayed good linearity over a concentration range of 0.00 to 0.80mg/L, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9998. Average spike recovery was found in a range of 88% to 91%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) between 1.1% and 4.0%.The minimum detection limit of source is 0.013mg/Kg. The method can be used for rapid test on formaldehyde preservative in dried bean milk cream.
Characterization of the Dynamic Changes of Microorganisms in Cutlassfish (Trichiurus haumela) under the Cold Storage with Composite Natural Preservatives Based on Culture-Dependent and 16S rRNA-DGGE Technology
Authors: Lan Wei Qing , Xie Jing
Published: July 2012

In this study, the main microbe dynamic changes of cutlassfish (Trichiurus haumela) treated with composite natural preservatives under the cold storage (4±1) °C were studied by the methods of culture-dependent and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis based on the sequence of 16S rRNA V3 region gene, which provided the theory basis and reference to the composite natural preservatives’ mechanism and extended the shelf-life of aquatic products. The results showed that 13 kinds of bacteria were identified by the culture-dependent methods, the dominant bacteria belonged to Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens. By sequencing analysis, 12 kinds of bacteria in main DGGE spectra stripe of cutlassfish. In the later periods, the specific spoilage organism (SSO) for the treatment group with composite natural preservatives and the controlled of cutlassfish were highly similar. Psychrobacter sp. was the main bacterium in the initial stage of the storage. With the extension of storage time, the proportion of Shewanella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. increased gradually and they took the place of Psychrobacter sp. to be the dominant bacteria in the process of storage. Thereinto, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Vibrio sp. both took high proportions in the process of storage. At the same time, composite natural preservatives had an obvious growth inhibition effects on the bacteria of cutlassfish such as Shewanella sp. and Pseudomonas sp..
Separation of Casein Phosphopeptides (a Functional Food Material) by Aqueous Two-Phase Systems
Authors: Wu Jiang , Tong Ying Kai , Ban Li Tong
Published: July 2012

PEG 10000 / (NH4)2SO4 ATPS was applied to extract casein phosphopeptides. By studying on the partitioning behavior of CPPs in this system, it is concluded that the purification fold of CPPs could reach 7.09 when the system consisted of 20% PEG 10000 and 10% (NH4)2SO4.
Preparation of a Novel Prepolymer of Polyurethane Acrylate
Authors: Tan Shu Zhen , Wang Yi , Zhang Yi Fu , Zhou Wei Long
Published: July 2012

A new prepolymer of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) was synthesized from cyclohexanone- formaldehyde resin (CFR) with high hydroxyl value, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by using dibutyltion dilaurate as catalyst via two steps. The result from Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) showed that methacrylate group was introduced into the terminal of CFR by using TDI as bridge and curable PUA was obtained. Then, the PUA was cured by using azodiisobutyronitrile as catalyst at 110-130°C for 2h. The resulting product has excellent solvent resistance.
A Novel Dialysis Process to Isolate Phosvitin from Hen Egg Yolk
Authors: Liu Jian Guo , Chen Chang Zhen , Liu Jing
Published: July 2012

The objective of this work is to develop a novel dialysis process for the isolation of phosvitin from hen egg yolk avoiding the use of organic solvents and polyvalent metals. This bioseparation process consists of NaCl precipitation, heat treatment and dialysis, which was proposed on the basis of the property difference (especially solubility and thermostability) among yolk proteins. The native molecular mass of the purified phosvitin estimated by fast protein liquid chromatography on a Superdex 75 column was about 165 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed two bands around 35 kDa. The nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of the purified phosvitin was 2.8 ± 0.2, with a yield of 87.1%. The phosvitin product had α-helix of 36%, β-sheet of 28% and random coil of 36% at pH 7.0, consistent with the literature values. This shows that the purified phosvitin folded with a reasonable secondary structure.
Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil of Se-Enriched Selenium Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. GC-MS
Authors: Zhang Chi , Liu Xing Ping
Published: July 2012

Objective : Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.is a kind of traditional Chinese medicinal materials high medicinal purposes value and wide application.It had important meanding to analyze its volatile oil consitituent on expanding its utilization and increasing the added value.Methods:The volatile compounds of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. were isolated with steam distillation,and identified by capillary GC／MS and the relative contents of the constitons were detemined by area normalization method. Rusults: 60 volatile components were identified and determined，accounting for98.51％ of the total area of the peaks.Conclusion: The main volatile compounds are :Decanoic acid 2-monoglyceride,Furfural,Isopentyl alcohol,Palmitic acid,eugenol methyl ether,Di-sec-butyl ether,Hydroperoxide, 1-methylhexyl,Hexanoic acid ,2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-Dioxolane ,Propasol solvent P,Hexyl alcohol ,cis-Isosafrole ,2-Hexenal ,Cajeputol.
Comparative Analysis of the Aroma Compounds of Muscat Hamburg Dry White Wines from Different Wine Regions in China
Authors: Cui Yan , Wang Wei , Zhang Fu Qing , Lv Wen
Published: July 2012

The aroma compoumds of Muscat Hamburg dry white wines from three different wine regions, made with the same brewing technology, were determined by head space solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), with grapes harvested in 2010 from Tianjin Hangu, Heibei Changli and Shandong Pingdu regions as raw materials. Total 58 volatile compounds were identified and 23 componds were quantified. The results show that the wines from Hangu regions contained relatively high levels of terpenes and esters, and lower contents of higher alcohols,which contributed to the wines rich floral and fruity aromas and sweet, musky flavors.
Preparation and GC/MS Analysis of Maillard Reaction Products of Perinereis aibuhitensis
Authors: Guo Xian Xia , Zhang Zhong , Hai Jing Ping
Published: July 2012

Amino acid hydrolysates were obtained from dried clamworm of Perinereis aibuhitensis by acid hydrolysis method. Maillard reaction products(MRPs) were prepared with the amino acid hydrolysates and glucose and sucrose respectively. Volatile constituents from the two kinds of MRPs were separated and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The results indicate that 120 components were identified from MRPs of Perinereis aibuhitensis, Some of which are flavor compounds such as ketones, aldehydes, esters, and organic acids etc., taking up approximately 8 percent of the MRPs.
Optimization of Technology of Emulsion Polymerization with High Solid Content and SAS Regression Procedure
Authors: Zhao Chen Yang , Ren Ju Jie , Li Shao Ying , Ma Jin Song
Published: July 2012

A random-arranged experimental design method was employed to optimize the technology of styrene/butylacrylate/acrylic acid (St/BA/AA) emulsion polymerization with high solid content. The random-designed experimental results were analyzed with regression analysis by using statistical analysis system (SAS), and the optimal regression equations between the principal factors and the emulsion properties were in turn established. It is shown that the viscosity of emulsions is greatly affected by the following factors: solid content, the interaction between the emulsifier content and solid content, the interaction between the initiator concentration and reaction temperature, the interaction between functional monomer and reaction temperature.
Theoretical Study on the Properties of Phenol and its Ozonide
Authors: Chen Shuang Kou , Zhu Jian Fang , Huang Wen Zhang , He Bai , Xiang Li Jun , Adhikari Upendra
Published: July 2012

Adopting BYLP method in Density Functional Theory (DFT), we make theoretical study on the ozonide-orthophenylphenol, parachlorophenol, orthobenzoquinone and parabenzoquinone in the two reaction routes of phenol oxidizing into benzoquinone with ozone. We get the geometric configuration of molecules, charge distribution of atoms, thermodynamical properties and frontier orbit energy. Natural Bond Orbital(NBO)charge calculation shows that compared with orthobenzoquinone and parabenzoquinone molecules, phenol, orthophenylphenol and parachlorophenol molecules have stronger reactivity and they are more likely to have electrophilic substitution reaction. Thermodynamic properties indicate that phenol is easy to have oxidation reaction and produce orthophenylphenol which is easily to oxidize into orthobenzoquinone no matter at low temperature, room temperature or high temperature. Another reaction pathwaycalculation shows that in thermodynamics, phenol will not easily ozonize into parachlorophenol; while parachlorophenol will easily ozonize into parabenzoquinone. Frontier orbit energy calculation shows that phenol, orthophenylphenol, and parachlorophenol show similar stability. Orthobenzoquinone and parabenzoquinone have the strongest stability.
Pathology Changes of Kidney in Mouse Following DBP&DEHP Exposure
Authors: Hao Yu Lan , Li Qing Zhao , Zheng Guo Ying
Published: July 2012

The toxic effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP）and di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP）on the kidney of mouse was studied. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups , 10 mice in each group. There were three experimental groups:DBP+DEHP（2.5g/kgDEHP+0.5g/kgDBP）,DEHP(2.5g/kg）,DBP（0.5g/kg）and a control group which was given coin oil. The experiment was conducted through gavage every other day for 35 days. The organ coefficients were counted and pathological changes in kidney were observed. The weights of mice of each group increased with the time,but there were no difference between each group in statistic. The organ coefficients of kidney of DEHP and DBP&DEHP group were significantly higher than that of DBP group and control group. Infected groups appeared injury to some extend by observing the pathological section. It reveals DBP and DEHP have toxicity on kidney.
A Novel Rearrangement of Talatisamine Derivatives
Authors: Ji Hong , Yuan Mu
Published: July 2012

Treatment of talatisamine (1) with 6.5% HBr-HOAc at 80°C for 17h gave the desired 8,14,16,18-tetraacetyltalatisamine (2) (81%). Selective hydrolysis of 2 in dioxane-H2O (1:1) under fluxing condition afforded compound 5 (97%). One-pot treatment of 5 with SOCl2-C6H6 at room temperature overnight followed by evaporation to dryness afforded a residue, which reacted with NaBH4 overnight in THF at 50°C to produce the rearrangement alkaloid 8 (10%) besides the expected 7,17-seco products 6 (45%) and 7 (31%).
Chemical Constituents and Anti-Tumor Activity of Gentiana farreri
Authors: Yang Ai Mei , Sun Jing , Li Hui , Yuan Hui Jun , Liu Jie Li
Published: July 2012

Five triterpenoids were isolated from Gentiana farreri, which was used as traditonal Tibetan medicine in the treatment of some diseases. Their structures were identified as: pseudotaraxasterol (1), lupeol (2), ursolic acid (3), 2α, 3ß-dihydroxylursolic acid (4), 2α,3ß-dihydroxyloleanolic acid (5). All these compounds were isolated from G. farreri for the first time. The cytotoxic activity on the growth of HepG-2 cells of all compounds were investigated in MTT assay, the results showed that compound 3, 4, 5 have high cytotoxic activity, IC50 is 100.88, 13.03, 13.19 (μg/ml), respectively.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Benzimidazolium Compounds
Authors: Meng Jiang Ping
Published: July 2012

In this research, a series of novel benzimidazolium compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus proteus, and two fungi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. All of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant activity against the evaluated bacteria. The structures of these novel compounds were measured by 1H NMR, IR and mass spectrum.
Vector-Based siRNA is a Powerful Tool to Reduce Protein Expression in Cancer Research
Authors: Guan Xin Gang , Guan Xinqiang
Published: July 2012

RNAi become a popular technique in exploring gene function. Synthesized siRNA duplexes and vector-based siRNA are mostly used in gene silencing. However, vector-based siRNA constructed from plasmids are rarely used in inhibition gene expression.In our study, vector-based siRNA are used in reducing PSMD4 expression. Our study suggests that vector-based siRNA can be used in cancer research.
Effect of Concentration of Iron Oxide on Crystallization Behavior in Leadless Iron Oxide Crystalline Glaze
Authors: Silakate Supakorn , Wannagon Anucha , Nuntiya Apinon
Published: July 2012

The objectives of this study were to prepare leadless crystalline glazes from iron oxide by using low temperature firing (1,100°C) and to study the effect of concentration of iron oxide on the phase composition of the glaze raw materials on phase transformation in leadless iron oxide crystalline glaze. The crystalline phases were investigated by using the DTA, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The composition of the glaze raw materials compose of nepheline syenite, colemanite, pottery stone, bentonite, ZnO, Li2CO3, SiOSubscript text2 and 10, 15 and 20%(w/w) iron oxide (Fe2O3). The glaze raw materials were ground for homogeneous mixtures by ball milling for 24h. The average particle size of the mixture was 3.86 µm. The glaze bodies were carried to firing at 1,100°C at the heating rate of 2°C/min and soaking for 0.5h. Then, the glaze bodies were cooled at the cooling rate of 1°C/min and maintained at 1,080°C for 3h and then maintained at 980°C for 1h, respectively. From the experiment results, it was found that the crystallization temperatures (Tc) of franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) depend on the concentration of iron oxide content.
The Surface Acid Properties of TS-1
Authors: Liu Xuan Yan , Yin Du Lin , She Yuan Yuan
Published: July 2012

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of acidity and acid sites on titanium-containing zeolitic catalysts by means of adsorbed Pyridine were performed on UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrograph respectively in this work. And it can not only distinguish the Brønsted acidic sites and Lewis acidic sites but also calculate precisely on surface acid amount of TS-1. Hydrolysis of 1, 2-epoxycyclohexane (EO) as a probe reaction was employed to research the surface acid properties of TS-1. The results shows that the more Ti content of TS-1 result in more acid amount and thus the more activity in acid catalyzed reactions.
Review on the Broken Three-Dimensional Network Modification Methods of Waste Rubber Powder
Authors: Luo Ming Chao , Liao Xiao Xue , Liao Shuang Quan , Zhao Yan Fang
Published: July 2012

The modification methods of waste rubber powder(WRP) which contain mechanochemical, microwave, ultrasonic, devulcanization in supercritical material and microbial devulcanization method through cutting off three-dimensional network are described. More emphasis is put on devulcanization mechanism and the defects of each method as the devulcanization process is often accompanied with the main rubber chains degradation are also discussed. When modified WRP is added into rubber matrix, the mechanical properties of composite and compatibility between virgin rubber and WRP are improved. So the mode of core modification on WRP is built, through the broken three-dimensional network modification methods of WRP.
Raman Spectroscopic Study of Nucleobase Pairs and Mispairs - A Potential Method for Analysis of DNA Sequences
Authors: Liao Yu Bo , Meng Yao Yong , Lei Hao Dong , Lai Zhao Sheng
Published: July 2012

To exploit sensitive, accurate and convenient detection techniques for nucleic acid sequences can help to overcome the defects of current fluorescence detection method. Raman spectroscopy represents one family of methods that may offer such potential. In this paper, G•C base pairs and C•U mispairs were studied by Raman spectral characterization of single-strand homopolynucleotides, i.e. polyguanylic acid (PolyG), polycytidylic acid (PolyC) and polyuridylic acid (PolyU), and their equimolar complexes PolyG•PolyC and PolyC•PolyU in solution of 0.14 M Na+, pH7.0. Both of the complexes were found to adopt A type conformation. Helix formation between complementary polynucleotides led to marked and characterisctic changes in frequency and intensity of Raman bands of the biopolymers. Spectral changes were also observed upon the formation of C•U mispairs. According to the Raman data, in C•U mispairs the C2=O of U was engaged in a hydrogen bond to the N4H2group of cytosine, while the uracil C4=O group is free. Some of the rC residues transformed from C3-endo/anti to C2-endo/anti conformation due to base mispairing.The results suggest that Raman spectroscopy provides detailed and highly sensitive information about both the structure of nucleic acids and their base composition, and has great potential for analysis of DNA sequences.
Research Progress on Curcumin Prodrugs
Authors: Zhang Yang , Qu Xiao Jing , Chen Qi Li , Zhou Hong Li
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the status and research progress of curcumin prodrugs were reviewed, involving polyethylene glycol(PEG) loading prodrug, cholesterol loading prodrug, surfactant like amphiphilic loading prodrug, curcumin-amino acid bioconjugates, which provided basis for the further development of curcumin.
Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonates (PFOS) in Four Chemical Materials by HPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Cheng Yan , Chen Hui Ming , Chen Wei , Cui Yuan , Li Xiao Juan , Chen Dong Dong , Li Shu Juan , Yu Wen Lian , Zhou Xin
Published: July 2012

A rapid method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) or solid phase extraction (SPE) was developed for quantitative determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the coatings of nonstick pot, food packaging materials, waterborne coatings containing fluoride and fire-fighting foams. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.002 - 0.1 μg/mL with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998 or 0.999. The recovery for PFOS was in the range of 93.4 - 103% with relative standard deviation of 0.48 - 3.59%. The detection limit for PFOS was 0.4 μg/m2 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 for the coatings of nonstick pot and the food packaging materials, and 0.0002% for waterborne coatings containing fluoride and fire-fighting foams, both of which meet the restriction requirement for PFOS content in these chemical materials and consumer products in the EU directives.
Analysis of Sucrose Esters by HPLC Using Charged Aerosol Detector
Authors: Miao Xiao Wen , Chang Zhi Dong , Li Wen Jun , Zhao Rong Rong , Dong Bin , Liang Ling Feng
Published: July 2012

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for separation and quantitation of sucrose esters using charged aerosol detection (CAD) combined with mobile phase compensation. Two Acclaim120 C18 columns (75×3.0mm, 3μm) and the gradient composition (0 min – 72% A + 25% B + 3%C, 7.5 min – 75% A + 25% B + 3%C, 19.5 min – 97% A + 3%C, 30 min – 97% A + 3%C, where A is methanol, B is water and C is tetrahydrofuran) were applied. A precisely inverse gradient composition (0 min – 97% A + 3%C, 7.5 min – 97% A + 3%C, 19.5 min – 72% A + 25% B + 3%C, 30 min – 72% A + 25% B + 3%C) was also used. The mobile phase compensation was performed by mixing of the column effluent with the mobile phase of exactly reverse composition provided by a second pump before introduction into the CAD. Introduction
The Physical and Chemical Analysis of Carbohydrate Content in Acorn Kernel
Authors: Li Shou Hai , Xia Jian Ling , Wang Chun Peng , Li Mei , Huang Kun , Chu Fu Xiang , Xu Yu Zhi
Published: July 2012

Carbohydrates are the main source which required to maintain energy equilibrium and normal life activities. In acorn kernel, soluble polysaccharides and starch are the main carbohydrate. In order to accurately measure the carbohydrate content of the acorn kernel in Nanjing Area. Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry and anthrone-sulfuric methods were applied to measure the content of amylose, amylopeetin and soluble polysaccharides,respectively.The other two samples were simultaneously measured for comparative analysis.Testing results show that acorn kernel contain about 79.40% of starch, amylopectin content was up to 59.01%, polysaccharide content is 6.53%.The results indicate that acorn kernel was an important raw material for preparing food, feed and starch-based composites.
Fingerprint Analysis of Flos Lonicerae by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection
Authors: Lu Feng Lai , Fu Chuan Ming , Jiang Hai Ying , Chen Yue Yuan , Liu Jin Lei , Yan Xiao Jie , Li Dian Peng
Published: July 2012

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) has been developed for fingerprint analysis of Flos Lonicerae. The samples were separated with an Agilent C18 column using acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid solution under gradient conditions (0→10 min：11.5%→15% A, 10→12 min：15% →22% A, 12→18min：22%→33% A; 18→30min: 33%→45% A) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8ml min−1 within 30 min. The ELSD conditions were optimized at nebulizer-gas flow rate 2.7 L min−1 and drift tube temperature 105°C. Precision experiments showed relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of peak area and retention time were better than 2.5%, inter-day and intra-day variabilities showed that R.S.D. was ranged from 0.66% to 4.17%. Accuracy validation showed that average recovery was between 95.33% and 104.10%. The method was validated to achieve the satisfactory precision and recovery. Relative retention time and relative peak area were used to identify the common peaks for fingerprint analysis. There are nine common peaks in the fingerprint. The quality of sixteen batches of Flos Lonicerae samples was evaluated by hierarchical clustering analysis, which classfied all bacthes into two clusters. Furthermore, the contents of important medicinal compounds (chlorogenic acid, macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B) in different batches of Flos Lonicerae samples were determined simultaneously using the developed HPLC-ELSD method. The developed analytical procedure was proved to be a reliable and rapid method for the quality control of Flos Lonicerae.
Methods of Controlling THMs and HAAs Formation during Reclaimed Water Chlorination
Authors: Zhou Guang Yu , Zhao Xin Hua
Published: July 2012

Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation character of two samples collected from a reclaimed water treatment plant (RWTP) in North China was investigated, and the chlorination was found brought a high THMs (0.30~0.36μmol/mmol-DOC) and HAAs (2.38~3.07μmol/mmol-DOC) yields in the samples. In order to control THMs and HAAs formation during reclaimed water chlorination, the impact of ammonia addition (to NH3-N=8.3, 17, 24, 30mg/L), pH adjusting (to pH=4.4, 5.04, 7.93, 8.7) and ozone oxidation (with 5.1, 9.3, 13.6, 17.4mg-O3/L) before sample chlorination were tested respectively and compared with each other. Finally, ammonia addition (to NH3-N=17mg/L) was proven with greatest efficacy on DBP formation and bromide incorporation control (TTHM, THAA, THM bromide incorporation and HAA bromide incorporation were reduced by 15.41%, 28.21%, 26.88% and 13.63% respectively).
Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Oriental Melons (Cucumis melo L.) Using Headspace SPME Coupled with GC-MS
Authors: Yang Yu , Yu Ze Yuan , Xu Ya Qin , Shao Qin
Published: July 2012

The quantitative distribution of volatile compounds in the different oriental melon varieties and in the different parts of oriental melon was investigated. Volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-four compounds were identified including 33 esters, 3 thioesters, 7 aldehydes, 8 alcohols, 1 acid, 1 ketone and 1 phenol, among which esters were found to be the major constituents in ripe oriental melon. The results showed that ethyl acetate, sulfur-containing esters and compounds containing a straight nine-carbon chain were present at high concentrations in oriental melons, particularly acetic acid phenylmethyl ester. The majority of ester compounds of oriental melon decreased and the aldehyde compounds increased after storage at -20 °C and the distribution of volatiles was also found to be different in the umbilicus, middle and pedicel of an oriental melon Qitian 1 according to their carbon chain length and quantity.
Water Quality Analysis on Haizhou Bay Water Area of China Using the PPCM-PCAM Method
Authors: Dai Ben Lin , Mu Fei Hu , Xu Ning
Published: July 2012

The offshore region of Haizhou Bay is characterized by intense anthropogenic activities. And the study on water quality status analysis in this offshore region has attracted more and more attention of the researchers and decision-makers. In this paper, an improved method (the PPCM-PCAM) which combines projection pursuit cluster model (PPCM) with principal component analysis method (PCAM) was developed to analysis water quality status. By using this improved method, water quality analysis of Haizhou Bay water area from January 2007 to December 2007 was studied. The analysis results show that the samples in Haizhou Bay water area can be described into 4 "category 1”, 4 “category 2” and 2 “category 3” states in 2007.
The Primary Study on PET/Spandex Tubular Braid
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Hu Jin Jia , Chen Wen Cheng , Lin Ching Wen , Wu Zong Han , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2012

Cardiovascular disease is one of important problems that the world countries face to. Especially for atherosclerosis and its concerned vascular diseases, they needs to be cured via bypass surgery. Consequently, developing small-diameter vascular grafts becomes important. This study aims to fabricate the tubular braid, and then evaluate its manufacturing methods and properties. In this paper, PET/Spandex hybrid yarn was braided into the tubular braid by braider. By repeated braiding, the layers of the tubular braid increases, producing multi-group tubular braids with varying thickness. After by the thickness and tensile strength tests, the physical properties of braids were estimated. The result demonstrates that, as increase of layers, the tensile strength also increases.
Research on the Scale Inhibition Performance of AA/MA/MAC Copolymer
Authors: Tang Shan Fa , Zou Wei , Xiong Yu Juan , Yang Xue , Tian Lei
Published: July 2012

The terpolymer was synthesized by maleic anhydride (MA), acrylic acid (AA) and methyl acrylate (MAC) and the structure was also conformed. Its scale inhibition effect was also studied in high barium and strontium ion concentration aqueous medium and simulated formation water (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Si2+) condition. The results indicate that when additive amount of AA/MAC/MA is 60 mg/L, the inhibition rate is up to 100% and 80% for BaSO4 scale and SrSO4 scale respectively, but only 50% for calcium scale. And the scale inhibition rate moderately increases with the dosage increasing. The scale inhibition effect of AA/MAC/MA is also very obvious in simulated formation water containing low calcium ions (400 mg/L) and high barium ions (500 mg/L) as well as strontium ions (500 mg/L). It can satisfy the need of restraining composite scale (BaSO4 scale and SrSO4 scale as well as CaSO4 scale) in high calcium and barium strontium ion aqueous medium when compounded with calcium scale inhibitors CY and CX respectively.