bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Authors: Fisher Colin
Published: April 2023

This chapter explores the formation of a “Black Metropolis” within Chicago by African Americans, who against the backdrop of racism wanted a land of their own. They used this metropolis to remember African soil and imagine themselves as a community. The chapter describes the Black Belt, a narrow strip where black professionals lived. Like their white neighbors in Back of the Yards, poor African Americans had to contend with unpleasant and dangerous environmental situations. Leisure afforded some escape from work, and like other foreigners, most African Americans enjoyed their leisure indoors. At the same time, many blacks also found refuge in green spaces such as parks. However, due to race restrictions they were prohibited from visiting these places. The chapter examines how through the 1919 Chicago race riots, African Americans secured greater control of urban, rural, and wild green spaces where they could temporarily retreat from urban life.
Conclusion
Authors: Fisher Colin
Published: April 2023

This concluding chapter argues that the marginalized Chicagoans who lived in twentieth-century America drew an ecologically problematic line between the “artificial” city and nature and sought to cross it during their leisure. Their desire for contact with nature was not innate but rather a reaction to unique historical circumstances: sudden immersion in a harsh, fast-paced, seemingly artificial urban environment, subjugation to new “unnatural” industrial work regimes, feelings of dislocation and homesickness born of migration, and exposure to transnational variants of romantic nationalism. The chapter also contends that the marginalized people, especially the immigrants, used the city to “cross” national borders and implicitly made “American” parks into transnational spaces. An act similar to the trade union leaders who used Ogden’s Grove as they explicitly branded the idea of the nation as a fiction or opiate invented by the powerful to forestall revolution.
Lowell of the South
Authors: Manganiello Christopher J.
Published: April 2023

This chapter details how environmentalists John Muir and William Bartram, journalist Henry Grady, and engineer William Church Whitner acknowledged the value added to community growth by human and water power. The Lowell of the South—the New South's men of capital—and transnational engineers learned about the world's diverse organic energy projects and, as a result, constructed new North American systems with improved waterwheels and turbines, more efficient generators, taller dams, and longer transmission lines. They also built an increasingly complex number of pipeline conduits, diversion tunnels, and reservoirs necessary to produce and deliver energy to agricultural and industrial consumers. Corporate executives and engineers consciously replaced free-flowing rivers with artificial reservoirs throughout the Southeast. Ultimately, the New South's power organizes combined human and animal muscle power with agricultural production and waterpower in building a versatile organic energy regime.
Atypical Victims: Females and White Males
Authors: Bailey Amy Kate , Tolnay Stewart E.
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the characteristics of atypical lynch victims—women and white men—and the circumstances surrounding their murders. Among them is Bob Sims, a white man living in Choctaw County, AL. Mr. Sims was reported to be a self-proclaimed religious prophet and the leader of a notorious band of outlaws known as the Sims Gang. In December 1891, they were said to have murdered three people and burned their victims’ house to the ground. A group of local residents banded together to form a posse and bring Bob Sims and the rest of his outlaw gang to justice. Another victim was Ella Mays Wiggins, a twenty-eight-year-old white woman who lived in Gaston County, NC. Ms. Wiggins had been deserted by her husband and was working in the local textile mills when, according to newspaper reports, she joined the union and attended a public organizing meeting held in the county seat of Gastonia. A mob shot and killed her, although the details surrounding the incident are unclear.
Put to Death in Cold Blood
Authors: Tortora Daniel J.
Published: April 2023

This chapter discusses the violence and unrest ensuing in the weeks following the hostage issue at Fort Prince George. Using violence and siege tactics in place of in effective diplomacy, Cherokee villagers burst into action against the British. The hostage crisis did not create a singular Cherokee nation, however. Cherokees still identified first with their villages or clans, then with their settlement clusters. But the hostage crisis did alter Cherokees' sense of themselves. It galvanized villages throughout the Cherokee settlements. And it pushed them toward unified stands not just on retributive justice but on other matters as well. Henceforth, they tolerated neither betrayal nor imperial arrogance.
That Kindred Duty of Retaliation
Authors: Tortora Daniel J.
Published: April 2023

This chapter describes the various Cherokee offensives on white settlements in 1760. The Cherokees had various reasons to go on the warpath: in light of previous skirmishes the Cherokees had found the need to repopulate using the captives from these settlements, as well as prove their mettle in combat, obtain scalps, and reclaim traditional hunting grounds. Their campaigns were directed at parts of the southern colonies, with success met at varying degrees, though certain settlements were able to discourage Cherokee military action, while others, especially the economic backbone of the southern colonies—the black slaves—found themselves vulnerable to attack. South Carolina, however, grew dissatisfied with the current state of affairs, and criticized Governor Lyttelton for inciting conflict with the Indians.
The Dickens of the Rural Route
Authors: Smith Erin A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the career of Harold Bell Wright, a Social Gospel novelist who achieved immense popularity but is almost entirely absent from American literary history. Wright's That Printer of Udell's (1903), The Shepherd of the Hills (1907), The Calling of Dan Matthews (1909), The Winning of Barbara Worth (1911), and The Eyes of the World (1914) outsold almost every other novel published before World War I. However, this chapter suggests that Wright's evangelical fervor and commercialism, combined with his contempt for modernism, left him and his readers outside of mainstream American literary culture. It examines the role of mail-order distribution, advertising, and film tie-ins in reaching a large, nonliterary audience and how Wright's novels succeeded not as aesthetic objects, but as popular melodramas for white, Protestant, predominantly rural and small-town readers.
Jesus, My Pal
Authors: Smith Erin A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines letters written by readers to Bruce Barton, author of a best-selling life of Jesus, The Man Nobody Knows (1925), its sequel about the Bible, The Book Nobody Knows (1926), and a practical guide to religion, What Can a Man Believe? (1928). Barton's books have been criticized by scholars as theologically empty justifications for consumer capitalism, but ordinary Christians found in them a religion that was newly accessible, relevant, and compelling. Barton's books gave readers a way to negotiate profound divisions in Protestant America between modernism and fundamentalism, between religion and science, by reframing faith as a matter of practice rather than belief.
The Cult of Reassurance
Authors: Smith Erin A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines how popular religious self-help books operated as Cold War propaganda in the developing world by participating in what Alan Nadel calls “containment culture.” Focusing on the works of Harry Emerson Fosdick, Joshua Loth Liebman, Fulton Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham, it places popular religious self-help books in the context of what Will Herberg called the “triple melting pot” of Protestant-Catholic-Jew that shaped American society after World War II. The chapter considers how these books engaged readers as part of the global war on communism and conflated democracy, religion, and capitalism into the “American way of life.” Despite the threat of nuclear war, these books promised Americans the happiness, prosperity, and optimism that were their birthright.
The Late Great Planet Earth and Evangelical Cultures of Letters in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Smith Erin A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the field of religious publishing in the 1970s and early 1980s by focusing on Hal Lindsey and C. C. Carlson's The Late Great Planet Earth (1970), a layperson's guide to end-times prophecy, and placing it in its evangelical cultures of letters. Drawing on coverage of religious books in Publishers Weekly and in the religious periodicals Christian Century (liberal Protestant) and Christianity Today (evangelical), it considers how The Late Great Planet Earth became a blockbuster bestseller through its accessible, engaging presentation free of esoteric theology and difficult religious jargon; its appeal to a new, nondenominational youth audience; and its innovative marketing. It also looks at the controversy surrounding the non-inclusion of The Late Great Planet Earth in any bestseller list—despite the fact that it was the best-selling book of the 1970s—because it sold primarily through Christian bookstores.
We Didn’t Exactly Live in a Democracy
Authors: Freeman Lindsey A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter describes a particular form of democracy at play in Oak Ridge. Workers who arrived in Oak Ridge had been recruited in the name of freedom and democracy, yet paradoxically they found themselves inside a restrictive federal reservation surrounded by barbed wire, armed guards, and monitored gates. There were also no local elections, no free press, and no freedom of assembly. Workers were even forbidden to keep a journal that mentioned anything about Oak Ridge. Moreover, the workers were not supposed to share any information about their job with their co-workers or even their spouses. Thus, letters were heavily censored, and lie-detector tests were commonly employed.
From Hiroshima to Normalization
Authors: Freeman Lindsey A.
Published: April 2023

This chapter narrates events in Oak Ridge following the Hiroshima Bombing, particularly when the secret war project had been broadcast throughout the world. For Oak Ridgers, the day of bombing was a day of jubilation and celebration—a sign that the end of the war was near. The close of the war was an immense relief for the nation as a whole, and Oak Ridge was no exception. However, after the war, the city’s raison d’être had disappeared, and residents were unsure of how to organize their lives after the fallout. Similar worries reverberated throughout all of the Manhattan Project sites. For Oak Ridge, these fears were partially alleviated when, on September 6, 1945, Colonel Nichols announced that the site would continue to operate, although it was not entirely clear in what capacity and on what scale.
Best Friend to All
Authors: Marvel William
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines Edwin M. Stanton's appointment of his friends and relatives at the War Department. When Stanton presented the cabinet with his preliminary report on the army, on March 11, 1862, his estimate of the number of men under arms came as a shock. His war board had calculated 672,878 men, while no one, including Stanton, had anticipated more than half a million. Rather than yielding a sense of security against the presumably smaller army of the Confederacy, the revelation provoked alarm at the enormous expense. A spate of Union victories cast a bright light on the financial situation, bringing hope that the rebellion might soon be crushed and federal expenses restored to normal. The rest of this chapter discusses some of Stanton's actions during the Civil War, including his order to stop military recruitment and to take “military possession” of all the country's railroads in the name of President Abraham Lincoln. It also considers Stanton's antagonistic relationship with Major General George B. McClellan.
A Focus of Conflict II
Authors: Parcel Toby L. , Taylor Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the Wake school board's implementation of ad hoc student assignment decisions up until the watershed 2009 election. As growth accelerated after 2000, citizens became increasingly concerned about the implications of this for schools. Population growth was not uniform across the county and resources were limited and the board was committed to diversity. So more children from more neighborhoods were reassigned each year. This chapter argues that this generated such deep resentment among county residents that it was eventually marshaled into a fairly cohesive and potent opposition to the board and its policies more generally. Survey data show that respondents had three main concerns about frequent reassignment: it posed challenges to parents, presented dangers to child learning and friendships, and brought unsettling uncertainty to family life. The findings reveal a role for social capital and provide some interesting racial differences.
The Great Split
Authors: Parcel Toby L. , Taylor Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the events of the 2009 school board election and its aftermath. It begins by examining the 2009 campaign, which brought about the unified county system's first Republican-affiliated and conservative-leaning school board majority. It then discusses efforts of the new Republican-affiliated board majority to transform the school system's policies, particularly on general assignment. These were not completely successful and were often met with robust opposition. The chapter presents interview and survey data to explain citizen attitudes toward the school board. It demonstrates that residents were split in their support for the Republican-backed board. The findings provide an important part of an emerging picture regarding the lines along which Wake's consensus had dissolved.
The Use of Literary Elements in Teaching Mathematics: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: DURMAZ Burcu
Published: April 2023

Utilizing literary elements for teaching mathematics is gaining importance nowadays because it is claimed that integrating literature and mathematics supports learning process in different ways. Before using this integration in educational settings, we, teachers, and researchers, need to know that what the research tell us about this integration. Therefore, the goal of this research is to review the literature on literary elements employed in mathematics instruction. In order to accomplish this, a literature search covering the years 1951-2021 was conducted using subject-related keywords including "children's literature," "story," and "mathematics." The studies obtained from the journals which are indexed in the Scopus using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram. The studies about the topic were investigated in terms of title, keywords, and abstracts before the analysis. As a result, 484 articles that met the inclusion criteria of the research were investigated by bibliometric and descriptive analysis. The most influential authors, articles, journals, institutions, the trend of the publications by years, cooperation between institutions and cooperation between authors were determined. As a result, this study has revealed the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of the literary elements used in mathematics instruction.
Hepatocarcinoma em portador de Deficiência de Alfa-1 Antitripsina: relato de caso
Authors: Leite Renata , Cardoso Paes Rose Sara , De Amorim Viana Amália Maria , Sobroza de Mello Evandro , Carvalho Trevizoli Natália , De Vasconcelos Carneiro Marcos , Sampaio Costa Mendes Liliana
Published: April 2023

A Deficiência de Alfa-1 Antitripsina é um distúrbio genético autossômico recessivo, na qual existem alelos de deficiência no locus dos inibidores de proteases (Pi), localizados no braço longo do cromossomo 14. Dentre todas as variantes relacionadas à doença clínica, a mutação Z é a mais comum e deriva da substituição de ácido glutâmico por lisina na posição 342 do gene SERPINA1. No fígado, o acúmulo da proteína mutante nos hepatócitos pode levar à colestase neonatal, hepatopatia crônica, cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular. O diagnóstico da doença requer, além da medição dos níveis séricos de alfa-1 antitripsina, reconhecimento do padrão clínico, exame físico, história familiar, identificação e interpretação dos resultados dos exames com realização de fenotipagem/genotipagem. O relato tem como objetivo abordar o caso de um paciente portador de Deficiência de Alfa-1 Antitripsina que evoluiu com cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular identificado no explante hepático, bem como discutir os achados laboratoriais, clínicos, de imagem e histológicos, identificando a repercussão da doença nos indivíduos, complicações e a melhor abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica.
Ruptura esplênica espontânea na dengue hemorrágica: relato de caso
Authors: Alves Feitoza Neto Pedro , Pereira Fontoura Renata , Barbosa Ribeiro Anna Claudia , Brandão de Oliveira Santos Giovanna , Neves Brito de Miranda Iole , Alves Freitas Marcelo Aron
Published: April 2023

Introdução: a infecção pela dengue possui amplo espectro clínico e varia desde sintomas mais leves até formas mais graves. A ruptura esplênica é uma complicação grave e rara da dengue e sua fisiopatologia não é bem elucidada. Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de dengue que evoluiu com ruptura esplênica, apresentando choque hemorrágico, e necessitou de conduta cirúrgica. Descrição: J.S.S., 33 anos, masculino, com diagnóstico prévio de Dengue, evoluiu com queixa de intensa dor abdominal súbita e hipotensão. Realizou TC de abdome que sugeria hemorragia. O paciente foi submetido à esplenectomia. Conclusão: o diagnósticoprecoce da rotura esplênica é imprescindível para o desfecho clínico favorável, com significativa redução da morbimortalidade, como apresentado no caso clínico.
O uso do Mapa Conceitual no aprendizado em saúde pelas Residências Multiprofissionais: revisão sistemática
Authors: Pinto Guiotti Cintra Abreu Ludmilla , Gomes Santos do Carmo Dayanne , Teles Felinto Mello Vanessa , Soares Menezes Caroline , Cardoso Silva Janice , Pacheco Modesto Guilherme , Virgolino da Silva Luz Glécia
Published: April 2023

As Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde (RMS) propõem a formação profissional proativa, autônoma e com implementações positivas na assistência. O Mapa Conceitual (MC) promove a aprendizagem significativa relacionando conceitos abrangentes e seletivos, facilitando a sequenciação hierarquizada dos conteúdos, e oferecendo estímulos adequados. Portanto o objetivo desta Revisão Sistemática (RS) é analisar se o MC favorece o aprendizado significativo nas RMS. Metodologia: RS delineada com PRISMA P-2015, aceita no PROSPERO, estruturada com estudos dos últimos 5 anos, das bases: CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, Web Of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, BVS, EPOC, EDUC@, Edubase, OECDEducation, ERIC, PSYCINFO e GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Resultados: foram 12 estudos elegíveis, 75% observacionais, 80% favoráveis ao MC como estratégia de aprendizagem, 50% para reflexão/pensamento crítico, e 67% conduzidos no ensino superior. O GRADE aponta forte recomendação em 50% dos desfechos analisados. Conclusão: o MC favorece a aprendizagem significativa em saúde e o processo avaliativo, estimulando proatividade, autonomia e o pensamento crítico.
Lipid-biomarker-based sea surface temperature record offshore Tasmania over the last 23 million years
Authors: Hou Suning , Lamprou Foteini , Hoem Frida S. , Hadju Mohammad Rizky Nanda , Sangiorgi Francesca , Peterse Francien , Bijl Peter K.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Neogene (23.04–2.58 Ma) is characterised by progressive buildup of ice volume and climate cooling in the Antarctic and the Northern Hemisphere. Heat and moisture delivery to Antarctica is, to a large extent, regulated by the strength of meridional temperature gradients. However, the evolution of the Southern Ocean frontal systems remains scarcely studied in the Neogene. Here, we present the first long-term continuous sea surface temperature (SST) record of the subtropical front area in the Southern Ocean at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1168 off western Tasmania. This site is, at present, located near the subtropical front (STF), as it was during the Neogene, despite a 10∘ northward tectonic drift of Tasmania. We analysed glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs – on 433 samples) and alkenones (on 163 samples) and reconstructed the paleotemperature evolution using TEX86 and U37k′ as two independent quantitative proxies. Both proxies indicate that Site 1168 experienced a temperate ∼ 25 ∘C during the early Miocene (23–17 Ma), reaching ∼ 29 ∘C during the mid-Miocene climatic optimum. The stepwise ∼ 10 ∘C cooling (20–10 ∘C) in the mid-to-late Miocene (12.5–5.0 Ma) is larger than that observed in records from lower and higher latitudes. From the Pliocene to modern (5.3–0 Ma), STF SST first plateaus at ∼ 15 ∘C (3 Ma), then decreases to ∼ 6 ∘C (1.3 Ma), and eventually increases to the modern levels around ∼ 16 ∘C (0 Ma), with a higher variability of 5∘ compared to the Miocene. Our results imply that the latitudinal temperature gradient between the Pacific Equator and the STF during late Miocene cooling increased from 4 to 14 ∘C. Meanwhile, the SST gradient between the STF and the Antarctic margin decreased due to amplified STF cooling compared to the Antarctic margin. This implies a narrowing SST gradient in the Neogene, with contraction of warm SSTs and northward expansion of subpolar conditions.
Regional mapping of energetic short mesoscale ocean dynamics from altimetry: performances from real observations.
Authors: Le Guillou Florian , Gaultier Lucile , Ballarotta Maxime , Metref Sammy , Ubelmann Clément , Cosme Emmanuel , Rio Marie-Helène
Published: April 2023

Abstract. For over 25 years, satellite altimetry has provided invaluable information about the ocean dynamics at many scales. In particular, gridded Sea Surface Height (SSH) maps allow to estimate the mesoscale geostrophic circulation in the ocean. However, conventional interpolation techniques rely on static optimal interpolation schemes, hence limiting the estimation of non linear dynamics at scales not well sampled by altimetry (i.e. below 150–200 km at mid latitudes). To overcome this limitation in the resolution of small-scale SSH structures (and thus small-scale geostrophic currents), a Back and Forth Nudging algorithm combined with a Quasi-Geostrophic model, a technique called BFN-QG, has been successfully applied on simulated SSH data in Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), showing a significant reduction in interpolation error and an improvement of space-time resolutions of the experimental gridded product compared to operational products. In this study, we propose to apply the BFN-QG to real altimetric SSH data in a highly turbulent region spanning a part of the Agulhas current. The performances are evaluated within Observing System Experiments (OSEs) that use independent data (such as independent SSH, Sea Surface Temperature and drifter data) as ground-truth. By comparing the mapping performances to the ones obtained by operational products, we show that the BFN-QG improves the mapping of short, energetic mesoscale structures and associated geostrophic currents both in space and time. In particular, the BFN-QG improves (i) the spatial effective resolution of the SSH maps by a factor of 20 %, (ii) the zonal and (especially) the meridional geostrophic currents and (iii) the prediction of Lagrangian transport for lead times up to 10 days. Unlike the results obtained in the OSSEs, the OSEs reveal more contrasting performances in low variability regions that are discussed in the paper.
An open-source automatic survey of green roofs in London using segmentation of aerial imagery
Authors: Simpson Charles H. , Brousse Oscar , Mohajeri Nahid , Davies Michael , Heaviside Clare
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Green roofs can mitigate heat, increase biodiversity, and attenuate storm water, giving some of the benefits of natural vegetation in an urban context where ground space is scarce.
To guide the design of more sustainable and climate-resilient buildings and neighbourhoods,
there is a need to assess the existing status of green roof coverage and explore the potential for future implementation.
Therefore, accurate information on the prevalence and characteristics of existing green roofs is needed, but this information is currently lacking.
Segmentation algorithms have been used widely to identify buildings and land cover in aerial imagery.
Using a machine learning algorithm based on U-Net (Ronneberger et al., 2015) to segment aerial imagery, we surveyed the area and coverage of green roofs in London, producing a geospatial dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7603123, Simpson et al., 2023).
We estimate that there was 0.23 km2 of green roof in the Central Activities Zone (CAZ) of London,
1.07 km2 in Inner London, and 1.89 km2 in Greater London in the year 2021.
This corresponds to 2.0 % of the total building footprint area in the CAZ and 1.3 % in Inner London.
There is a relatively higher concentration of green roofs in the City of London, covering 3.9 % of the total building footprint area.
Test set accuracy was 0.99, with an F score of 0.58.
When tested against imagery and labels from a different year (2019), the model performed just as well as a model trained on the imagery and labels from that year, showing that the model generalised well between different imagery.
We improve on previous studies by including more negative examples in the training data and by requiring coincidence between vector building footprints and green roof patches.
We experimented with different data augmentation methods and found a small improvement in performance when applying random elastic deformations, colour shifts, gamma adjustments, and rotations to the imagery.
The survey covers 1558 km2 of Greater London, making this the largest open automatic survey of green roofs in any city.
The geospatial dataset is at the single-building level, providing a higher level of detail over the larger area compared to what was already available.
This dataset will enable future work exploring the potential of green roofs in London and on urban climate modelling.
The secret life of garnets: A comprehensive, standardized dataset of garnet geochemical analyses integrating localities and petrogenesis
Authors: Chiama Kristen , Gabor Morgan , Lupini Isabella , Rutledge Randolph , Nord Julia Ann , Zhang Shuang , Boujibar Asmaa , Bullock Emma S. , Walter Michael J. , Lehnert Kerstin , Spear Frank , Morrison Shaunna M. , Hazen Robert M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Integrating mineralogy with data science is critical to modernizing Earth materials research and its applications to geosciences. Data were compiled on 95,588 garnet sample analyses from a variety of sources, ranging from large repositories (EarthChem, RRUFF, MetPetDB) to individual peer-reviewed literature. An important feature is the inclusion of mineralogical “dark data” from papers published prior to 1990. Garnets are commonly used as indicators of formation environments, which directly correlate with their geochemical properties; thus, they are an ideal subject for the creation of an extensive data resource that incorporates composition, locality information, paragenetic mode, age, temperature, pressure, and geochemistry. For the data extracted from existing databases, we increased the resolution of several key aspects, including petrogenetic and paragenetic attributes, which we extended from generic material type (e.g., igneous, metamorphic) to more specific rock type names (e.g., diorite, eclogite, skarn) and locality information, increasing specificity by examining the continent, country, area, geological context, longitude, and latitude. Likewise, we implemented a broad silica confidence interval to exclude samples of questionable composition from further analysis. This comprehensive dataset of garnet information is an open-access resource available in the Evolutionary System of Mineralogy Database (ESMD) for future mineralogical studies, paving the way for characterizing correlations between chemical composition and paragenesis through natural kinds clustering. We encourage scientists to contribute their own unpublished and unarchived analyses to the growing data repositories of mineralogical information that are increasingly valuable for advancing scientific discovery.
Nudging allows direct evaluation of coupled climate models with in situ observations: a case study from the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Pithan Felix , Athanase Marylou , Dahlke Sandro , Sánchez-Benítez Antonio , Shupe Matthew D. , Sledd Anne , Streffing Jan , Svensson Gunilla , Jung Thomas
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Comparing the output of general circulation models to observations is essential for assessing and improving the quality of models. While numerical weather prediction models are routinely assessed against a large array of observations, comparing climate models and observations usually requires long time series to build robust statistics. Here, we show that by nudging the large-scale atmospheric circulation in coupled climate models, model output can be compared to local observations for individual days. We illustrate this for three climate models during a period in April 2020 when a warm air intrusion reached the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition in the central Arctic. Radiosondes, cloud remote sensing and surface flux observations from the MOSAiC expedition serve as reference observations. The climate models AWI-CM1/ECHAM and AWI-CM3/IFS miss the diurnal cycle of surface temperature in spring, likely because both models assume the snowpack on ice to have a uniform temperature. CAM6, a model that uses three layers to represent snow temperature, represents the diurnal cycle more realistically. During a cold and dry period with pervasive thin mixed-phase clouds, AWI-CM1/ECHAM only produces partial cloud cover and overestimates downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface. AWI-CM3/IFS produces a closed cloud cover but misses cloud liquid water. Our results show that nudging the large-scale circulation to the observed state allows a meaningful comparison of climate model output even to short-term observational campaigns. We suggest that nudging can simplify and accelerate the pathway from observations to climate model improvements and substantially extends the range of observations suitable for model evaluation.
An along-track biogeochemical Argo modelling framework, a case study of model improvements for the Nordic Seas
Authors: Yumruktepe Veli Çağlar , Mousing Erik Askov , Tjiputra Jerry , Samuelsen Annette
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We present a framework that links in situ observations from the biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) array to biogeochemical models. The framework allows a minimized technical effort to construct a Lagrangian type 1D modelling experiment along BGC-Argo tracks. We utilize the Argo data in two ways; (1) drive the model physics, (2) evaluate the model biogeochemistry. BGC-Argo physics data is used to nudge the model physics closer to observations to reduce the errors in biogeochemistry stemming from physics errors. This allows us to target model biogeochemistry and by using the Argo biogeochemical dataset, we identify potential sources of model errors, introduce changes to model formulation, and validate model configurations. We present experiments for the Nordic Seas and showcase how we identify potential BGC-Argo buoys to model, prepare forcing, design experiments and approach model improvement and validation. We used ECOSMO II(CHL) model as the biogechemical component and focused on chlorophyll a. The experiments revealed that ECOSMO II(CHL) required improvements during low-light conditions, as the comparison to BGC-Argo reveals that ECOSMO II(CHL) simulates a late spring bloom and does not represent the deep chlorophyll maximum formation in summer periods. We modified the productivity and chlorophyll a relationship and statistically documented decreased bias and error in the revised model using BGC-Argo data. Our results reveal that nudging the model T and S closer to BGC-Argo data reduces errors in biogeochemistry, and we suggest a relaxation time-period of 1–10 days. The BGC-Argo data coverage is ever growing and the framework is a valuable asset for improving models in 1D-model efficiently and transfer the configurations to 3D-model with a wide range of focus from operational, regional/global and climate scale.
Monsoon Mission Coupled Forecast System Version 2.0: Model Description and Indian Monsoon Simulations
Authors: Jain Deepeshkumar , Rao Suryachandra A. , Dandi Ramu , Pillai Prasanth A. , Srivastava Ankur , Pradhan Maheshwar
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We describe the Monsoon Mission Coupled Forecast System version 2 (MMCFSv2) model, which substantially upgrades the present operational MMCFSv1 (version 1) at the India Meteorology Department. We evaluate MMCFSv2 based on the latest 25 years (1998–2022) of retrospective coupled hindcast simulations of the Indian Summer Monsoon with April initial conditions from Coupled Forecast System Reanalysis. MMCFSv2 simulates the tropical wind, rainfall, and temperature structure reasonably well. MMCFSv2 captures surface winds well and reduces precipitation biases over land, except in India and North America. The dry bias over these regions remained similar to MMCFSv1. MMCFSv2 captures significant features of the Indian monsoon, including the intensity and location of the maximum precipitation centres and the large-scale monsoon circulation. MMCFSv2 improves the phase skill (anomaly correlation coefficient) of the interannual variation of ISMR by 17 % and enhances the amplitude skill (Normalized Root Mean Square Error) by 20 %. MMCFSv2 shows improved teleconnections of ISMR with the equatorial Indian and Pacific oceans. This 25-year hindcast dataset will serve as the baseline for future sensitivity studies of MMCFSv2.
On the regional-scale streamflow variability using flow duration curve
Authors: Dey Pankaj , Mathai Jeenu , Sivapalan Murugesu , Mujumdar Pradeep
Published: April 2023

Abstract. As each catchment responds uniquely, even if they appear similar, formulating generalizable hypotheses and using routinely used signatures of catchment similarity to examine streamflow variability can be difficult. Flow Duration Curve (FDC), a concise portrayal of streamflow variability at a specific gauging station, can provide insights into hydroclimatic and landscape processes occurring at a wide range of space and time scales that govern flow regimes in a region. This study explores the suitability of partitioning of annual streamflow FDC into seasonal FDCs, and total streamflow FDC into fast and slow flow FDCs to unravel the process controls on FDCs at a regional scale, with application to low-gradient rivers flowing east from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. The focus is on investigation of the controls of common regional landscape features (in space) and seasonal climatic (in time) variations on regional variations of the FDC. Findings of the study indicate that bimodal rainfall seasonality and higher fraction of moderate to good groundwater potential zones explains the higher contribution of slow flow to total flow across north-south gradient of the region. Shapes of fast and slow FDCs are controlled by recession parameters revealing the role of climate seasonality and geologic profiles, respectively. A systematic spatial variation across north-south gradient is observed – highlighting the importance of coherent functioning of landscape-hydroclimate settings in imparting distinct signature of streamflow variability. The framework is useful to discover the role of time and process controls on streamflow variability in a region with seasonal hydroclimatology and hydro-geologic gradients.
Robust multi-objective optimization under multiple-uncertainties using CM-ROPAR approach: case study of the water resources allocation in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: Zhang Jitao , Solomatine Dimitri , Dong Zengchuan
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Water resources managers need to make decisions in a constantly changing environment because the data relating to water resources is uncertain and imprecise. The Robust Optimization and Probabilistic Analysis of Robustness (ROPAR) algorithm is a well-suited tool for dealing with uncertainty. Still, the failure to consider multiple uncertainties and multi-objective robustness hinder the application of the ROPAR algorithm to practical problems. This paper proposes a robust optimization and robustness probabilistic analysis method that considers numerous uncertainties and multi-objective robustness for robust water resources allocation under uncertainty. The Copula function is introduced for analyzing the probabilities of different scenarios. The robustness with respect to the two objective functions is analyzed separately, and the Pareto frontier of robustness is generated. The relationship between the robustness with respect to the two objective functions is used to evaluate water resources management strategies. Use of the method is illustrated on a case study of water resources allocation in the Huaihe River Basin. The results demonstrate that the method opens a possibility for water managers to make more informed uncertainty-aware decisions.
Flood risk assessment for Indian sub-continental river basins
Authors: Vegad Urmin , Pokhrel Yadu , Mishra Vimal
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Floods are among India's most frequently occurring natural disasters, which disrupt all aspects of socio-economic well-being. A large population is affected by floods during almost every summer monsoon season in India, leaving its footprint through human mortality, migration, and damage to agriculture and infrastructure. Despite the massive imprints of floods, sub-basin level flood risk assessment is still in its infancy and needs to be improved. Using hydrological and hydrodynamical models, we reconstructed sub-basin level observed floods for the 1901–2020 period. Our modelling framework includes the influence of 51 major reservoirs that affect flow variability and flood inundation. Sub-basins in the Ganga and Brahmaputra River basins witnessed the greatest flood extent during the worst flood in the observational record. Major floods in the sub-basins of the Ganga and Brahmaputra occur during the late summer monsoon season (August–September). Beas, Brahmani, upper Satluj, Upper Godavari, Middle and Lower Krishna, and Vashishti sub-basins are among the most influenced by the dams, while Beas, Brahmani, Ravi, and Lower Satluj are among the most impacted by floods and the presence of dams. Bhagirathi, Gandak, Kosi, lower Brahmaputra, and Ghaghara are India's sub-basins with the highest flood risk. Our findings have implications for flood mitigation in India.
Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839) and their contribution to geomagnetic research
Authors: Hejda Pavel , Valach Fridrich , Revallo Miloš
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Shortly after the introduction of the physical unit for the magnetic field in 1832 and the invention of the bifilar apparatus in 1837, both being extraordinary scientific achievements that took place in Göttingen, the Clementinum observatory in Prague became one of the first places where systematic observations of the horizontal intensity of the geomagnetic field began. Karl Kreil was decisively responsible for this. In this paper, we focus on the very beginnings of geomagnetic observations in Prague, dating from the middle of 1839. We describe the archival materials with data that exist from that time, how the main instrument for observing magnetic storms – the bifilar magnetometer – worked and how it was calibrated, and the first magnetic survey in Bohemia. This study indicates the importance of historical geomagnetic observation materials to modern science, such as space weather research.
Improved extended-range prediction of persistent stratospheric perturbations using machine learning
Authors: de Fondeville Raphaël , Wu Zheng , Székely Enikő , Obozinski Guillaume , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. On average every 2 years, the stratospheric polar vortex exhibits extreme perturbations known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs).
The impact of these events is not limited to the stratosphere: but they can also influence the weather at the surface of the Earth for up to 3 months after their occurrence. This downward effect is observed in particular for SSW events with extended recovery timescales.
This long-lasting stratospheric impact on surface weather can be leveraged to significantly improve the performance of weather forecasts on timescales of weeks to months.
In this paper, we present a fully data-driven procedure to improve the performance of long-range forecasts of the stratosphere around SSW events with an extended recovery.
We first use unsupervised machine learning algorithms to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics of SSWs and to create a continuous scale index measuring both the frequency and the strength of persistent stratospheric perturbations.
We then uncover three-dimensional spatial patterns maximizing the correlation with positive index values, allowing us to assess when and where statistically significant early signals of SSW occurrence can be found.
Finally, we propose two machine learning (ML) forecasting models as competitors for the state-of-the-art sub-seasonal European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) numerical prediction model S2S (sub-seasonal to seasonal): while the numerical model performs better for lead times of up to 25 d, the ML models offer better predictive performance for greater lead times.
We leverage our best-performing ML forecasting model to successfully post-process numerical ensemble forecasts and increase their performance by up to 20 %.
A method to correct for the effect of blockage and wakes on power performance measurements
Authors: Sebastiani Alessandro , Bleeg James , Peña Alfredo
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Wind turbine power performance measurements often occur at the perimeter of a wind farm, where the wind flow is subject to blockage effects, which might impact the measured power performance. We perform Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of a wind farm with five rows of twenty turbines each, operating in a conventionally neutral boundary layer, to evaluate whether the power performances measured for turbines in the upstream row would differ from that of a turbine operating in isolation under the same inflow conditions. We simulate the power performance measurements with both meteorological masts and nacelle-mounted lidars. Results show that blockage effects have an impact on the measured power performance of the wind farm turbines, with measured power coefficient varying more than 1 % relative to what is measured for the isolated turbine. In this work, we propose a method to correct for the effect of blockage on power performance measurements, yielding a curve that is more consistent with how power curves in energy yield analyses are defined and used, and thereby allowing for more useful comparisons between these curves. Our numerical results indicate that the correction method greatly reduces blockage-related variance and bias in the measured power curves. While flow modelling can be used to calculate the correction factors for actual power performance measurements in the field, we additionally show how some of the correction factors can be derived from lidar measurements. Finally, the numerical results suggest that the method could also be used to correct for the effect of wakes on power performance measurements conducted on turbines located downstream of the leading row.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks
Authors: Bunu Samuel J. , Ebeshi Benjamin U. , Kpun Hilda F. , Kashimawo Adesegun J. , Vaikosen Edebi N. , Itodo Chubiyojo B.
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose: Soft drinks are commonly consumed globally. Due to high demand, regulatory protocols may be breached thereby leading to contamination with heavy metals. In this study, we determined the content of five heavy metals in some Nigerian soft drinks and estimated their potential health risks.

Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the concentrations of magnesium, aluminum, lead, arsenic, and zinc. Twelve (12) soft drinks (labeled B1–B12) were used. After the AAS, parameters such as target health quotient (THQ), average daily intake (EDI), and chronic daily intake (CDI) were evaluated.

Results: The level of arsenic found in all soft drinks ranged from 0.001-0.0603 mg/L, as against the 0.01 mg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard. Lead was 0.001-0.023mg/L (MCL is 0.01 mg/L) and within the MCL except in one sample (0.023 mg/L). Aluminum levels ranged from 0.001-2.0491 mg/L except in one sample (0.001 mg/L) and the WHO limit is 0.02 mg/L. The concentration range for magnesium was 0.6954-2.4341 mg/L versus the standard limit of 0.02 mg/L. The THQ values of aluminum were significantly different from the values of other heavy metals. The order of abundance of the metals was: Mg > Zn > Al > Pb > As. Arsenic and lead were found in relatively small concentrations compared to the other metals. The THQ value of aluminum in most of the samples was higher than normal.

Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium was above the acceptable limits in all the soft drinks. All the heavy metals, except aluminum, were within acceptable THQ limits. The high values of magnesium and aluminum underscores the need for quality control measures during production.
Eficiența mijloacelor din handbal în cadrul lecțiilor de educație fizică și sport
Authors: Ciubotaru Mihai
Published: April 2023

Physical education and sports are important activities that are part of lessons with a special role in: harmonious physical development, development of motor skills, training of motor skills and abilities, maintaining an optimal state of health. The physical education lesson is a pedagogical framework based on an organized teaching activity, led by a specialized teacher who passed on knowledge to students, in order to acquire them. The research methods used in this experiment were: the study method of the literature, the observation method, the test method, the statistical method and the graphical and tabular method. The purpose of the research is to implement the means specific to the game of handball in high school, with a focus on the seventh grade, leading to the achievement of physical education objectives and school programs to increase the efficiency of physical education and sports lessons.