bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific basis of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex: the mechanism of public-private partnership in venture capital investment
Authors: Bogoviz Aleksei , Sandu Ivan , Ryzhenkova Natalia
Published: October 2018

Relevance of the research: The article justifies the expediency of clarifying the scientific basis of innovative development of the agricultural sector in modern conditions. The purpose of this paper is to formulate proposals for using the principles of venture investment as the main tool for successful innovation development. Research methods: the major approach to the study of this problem is the use of the main provisions of the theory of development of innovation processes in the agro-industrial complex. Results of the research: the article clarifies the conceptual apparatus of “public-private partnership”. In particular, the role and importance of the Russian Venture Company created for the formation of venture investment institutions in Russia is examined. In this connection, an algorithm for creating a model venture fund in the Moscow region is proposed, and the objectives and tasks of its activities, the functioning mechanism, including the financial block in terms of the distribution of investment along the stages of the innovation process are defined. Importance of the research: innovative development is currently the main driver of economic growth, which contributes to the emergence of new industries, increasing investment activity of economic entities and the growth of incomes and consumption. In turn, economic growth expands, firstly, the opportunities for the emergence of new products and technologies, secondly, increases investment in the development of human capital (primarily in education and basic science), and thirdly, supports innovations, which will have a multiplier effect on the pace of innovative development of the agricultural sector of the national economy.
Investments and economic growth in poultry farming
Authors: Barcho Mariana , Nechaev Vasily
Published: October 2018

Theories of economic growth determine the leading role of investment processes. The purpose of this article is to inform the scientific community about the results of the analysis of the sectoral economic growth and investment support in the case of the poultry industry sub-sector. The analysis was carried out on the example of 493 organizations belonging to the type of activity 01.47 “Breeding of agricultural poultry”. In the course of the study, the organizations were divided into groups according to the scale of their activities, and their financial status was analyzed, as loan debts for investment projects in the poultry farming accounted for 38%. The analysis showed that the financial condition of the poultry organizations is better than the financial condition of the organizations in Russia as a whole. Also, large organizations with revenues above 2 billion rubles have better financial situation. Almost a quarter of organizations in the poultry farming are large and medium-sized ones (23.6%). They have revenues of 800 million rubles, which allows them making the necessary investments.
Productivity of the forest band system on Chernozeme of the Southern steppe of the Volga Region
Authors: Prozdov P. N. , Mashtakov D. A. , Barinov Yu. V.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the research was to study the state and productivity of Quercus robur L. when mixed with associated species - Fraxinus lanceolata L. and Acer platanoides L. in the forest band system and in forest bands reinforced with grooves for additional moisture accumulation. The investigations were carried out in the agro-forest landscapes of the steppes of the Volga Upland on the southern chernozem heavy loam with a humus content of 4.5%. In many respects, the productivity of Qvercus robur L. in forest belts depends on the applied mixing scheme, the selection of the accompanying rock, and the timely agrotechnical and silvicultural care in the created forest belts. In recent decades, silvicultural care (harvesting, sanitary, and reforestory cutting) is practically not carried out due to the changed economic situation in forestry and forest melioration in Russia. Therefore, the state and productivity of forest belts with Qvercus robur L. largely depends on the choice of the accompanying tree species that will grow in the forest belt along with Qvercus robur L. Optimal matching schemes for mixing Qvercus robur L. with associated tree species allow for maximum productivity and durability of the forest belt. Studies have shown that when mixing Qvercus robur L. and Acer platanoides L. growth Qvercus robur L. in height and diameter, respectively, by 5% and 14% greater than the growth of Qvercus robur L. when mixed with Fraxinus lanceolata L. Val ditch in the forest band, absorbing additional moisture, contributes to an increase in the intensity of growth of Qvercus robur L. by 10-12%.
Main directions of the development of the risk management system in corporations
Authors: Rykhtikova Natalia
Published: October 2018

Actuality and relevance of implementation of the risk management processes in the general system of management in organizations are justified in this article. Three major issues can be pointed out as referred to the implementation of the risk management system in modern organizations, such as 1) a high level of costs combined with relatively long payback period; 2) lack of the universal approach to the implementation of the risk management procedures; and 3) difficulties in identification of perspective directions of the systems under consideration. The basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporate structures are defined based on the results of comparative analysis of the experience of Russian and foreign companies. The activity in the field of risk management of such corporations as “Rusgidro”, “NMLK”, the Investment Company “RUSS-INVEST”, “Severstal”, “Gazpromneft”, “Metalloinvest”, “Philips”, “Nestlé”, and “Unilever” became the object of our research. Comparative analysis of practices of implementation of the risk management system has been performed based on the following criteria: organizational structure of management, register and prioritization of risks, structure and methods of risk management, and effectiveness of the risk management systems. The results of the study allowed identifying the following basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporations: amending register of prioritization of risks; increasing level of integration of the risk management procedures into the basic business processes of the corporations; expanding of use of the external assessments, credit rankings, etc. in the framework of implementation of the risk management procedures; increasing level of unification of methods of risk assessment and management that finally would be a prerequisite for improving effectiveness of the risk management systems in organizations.
Optimization of the innovative design products’ cost
Authors: Yamshchikova Irina , Naumov Yevgeny
Published: October 2018

The authors have suggested a block diagram on calculation of cost of design products, based on the utilization of analysis of the actual costs of design organization. The key blocks of the proposed calculation are the identification of duration of design procedures and analysis of the actual cost of the design organizations. The authors have performed analysis of the structure of the cost value of design products in the organizations representing the city of Irkutsk having divided them into the four following groups: large, medium, small and micro- organizations. Based on that, they have defined a share of labor costs in value of innovative design products. Data of accounting of design institutions of Irkutsk for 2015-2017 became a basis for the economic and statistical analysis. The calculated indicator of the share of labor costs in the cost value will constitute a reliable approach for identification of the cost of the design work when developing innovative design products.
The impact of the company’s patents on the value of its brand
Authors: Ruposov Vitaliy , Bayaskalanova Tuyana , Dneprovskaya Natalia
Published: October 2018

The approach to assessing the impact of the number of effective patents on inventions registered by the company on the value of its brand is considered in this paper. In current conditions of turbulent economic development, the issue of value of the objects of intellectual property created by the company is often raised, since the value of such an object can be higher than the funds contributed to the charter capital. For high-tech companies, this imbalance can persist in the maturity stage. All these parameters define the relevance of the research. In the paper, statistical analysis of the ten most expensive companies in the world is performed, and a model of links between the value of the company and the number of intellectual property objects is built, that has revealed the independence of the brand value of the company. Based on the received economic and mathematical parameters, created on the basis of statistical data, the conclusions have been generated.
Priorities of the logistics risks management in the resource support of construction projects
Authors: Kubasova Tatiana , Tkach Vladimir , Tsvigun Irina
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the problem of the logistics risks management in the resource support of construction projects based on the complex accounting of modern approaches to the management of functional areas of logistics and supply chains. It is argued that these issues have not been provided with sufficient attention in the academic publications. The state of the construction industry is examined, and critical analysis is carried out. The distinctive features of risks associated with the provision of construction services, due to their intangible components are characterized. The institutional specifics of regulation in the sphere of construction services are disclosed, and the limits of management of logistics risks through the use of special software are justified. The priorities for managing such risks in the resource support of construction projects are set. The targeted nature of the international quality standards regulation for the management of the organization's risk on the basis of a systematic approach has been argued. The authors point out integration of the risk management in the management of sustainable development of enterprises as an independent functional unit. The necessity of differentiating the management of the design logistics risks in the resource support of construction, and the risk management in the operational logistics activities carried out in course of the implementation of construction projects is substantiated. The contract strategy of the resource support for construction projects, which determines the rules of coordination of the project conditions of supply contracts, logistic coordination of deliveries, procurement placement (including the rationale for the methods of such placement) and rapid response to negative logistics precedents is characterized in the paper. It is concluded that there is a need to coordinate supplies in the projects’ resource support system, taking into account the specificity of the functional cycles of logistics and the applicability of alternative methods of intervening in the operational logistics activities.
Alternative factor analysis of the science intensity of the invested capital in the Baikal region
Authors: Filatov Evgeny
Published: October 2018

Factor analysis is the basic tool when conducting a comprehensive analysis of economic activity. In the factor analysis, the major attention is given to the research of internal reasons that form the specificity of the phenomenon under study and identification of generalized factors standing behind relevant specific indicators. The article deals with the analysis of the science intensity of the invested capital in the Baikal region of the Russian Federation. Science intensity is an important parameter for determining the efficiency of the economic activity. The author introduced into scientific circulation the following indicators: the science intensity of the invested capital, the science intensity of the gross regional product and the investment return of the gross regional product. The paper reveals the influence of factors affecting the change in the science intensity of the invested capital in the Baikal region of the Russian Federation, and provides methodological approaches to its calculation. The article presents the author’s analytical and systematized statistical material for the analysis of the key indicators revealing the impact of the invested capital in the Baikal region of the Russian Federation on the change of the science intensity. The research has been carried out in the framework of the scientific project of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. XI.174.1.4 “Activation of the internal development potential of regions of the resource specialization (on the example of the Baikal region)”.
Russian banking system: searching for trust
Authors: Bogatyreva Marina , Kolmakov Aleksandr , Kolmakov Mikhail
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the study of trust, as an economic resource, contributing to the reduction of transaction costs. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, the authors define trust, as the transaction participants’ conviction that they can rely entirely on the counterparties’ promises. After that, the character of the damage that the society experiences from the disappearance of the relationship of trust is determined. These losses are caused by the switching of resources from the productive area to the scope of transaction management. Then the authors formulate the conditions that are necessary for the emergence of trust as such and for its spread in the Russian economy. There are two such conditions. The first is the impossibility of changing the contract unilaterally, without taking into account the interests of the counterparty. The second condition is the ability to control the execution of the transaction at any time by the counterparty. Later, the authors set out the reasons why trust has not spread in the political and economic life of contemporary Russia. The second part of the article explores the specific economic problems that arise in connection with the lack of trust between the parties to the contract. As an example, the banking sector, that is, perhaps the most important branch of the modern economy is considered. The second part begins with a short historical overview of the development of the banking sector of modern Russia. It is noted that real interaction between commercial banks and the Russian households began only in the 21st century, when the ruble exchange rate stabilized and the household incomes began to grow rapidly. At the same time, the practice of opportunistic behavior of commercial banks in relation to households was formed. This practice manifests itself in the systematic provision of false information to the customers or withholding truthful information from them. The opportunism of banks, along with high real interest rates, has caused the extremely small role played by Russia’s banking system in shaping consumer demand and, accordingly, overcoming the economic crisis. The passive position taken by the Bank of Russia in confronting banks and households is noted.
Approaches in assessing the investment attractiveness of small towns of Russia
Authors: Emelianovich A. , Kulyagina E. , Kolozhvari Yu.
Published: October 2018

Effective use of the territories’ resources depends on the development of small- and medium-sized business as the basis of high economic activity of the local population. In Russia small and medium-sized business is a priority vector of economic development, a factor of the gross domestic product increase, and of unemployment decline. The article describes a methodological approach to assess the development of small scale and medium-sized enterprises of the territory bearing in mind the adaptation of some known methods to the peculiarities of the regional economy. The authors also assessed the investment potential and investment attractiveness on the example of the town of Barabinsk of the Novosibirsk Region. The article proves that small and medium business has great potential for further development, giving rise to many promising projects; still the paper reveals some actual problems delaying the process of small and medium-sized enterprises expansion. In the conclusion some activities for further promotion and stimulation of small and medium business development in the town of Barabinsk are proposed.
The imbalance of investment activities
Authors: Lobova Svetlana , Bogoviz Aleksei , Ragulina Julia
Published: October 2018

The state of the economic system is characterized by a group of economic indicators that are structural ones, reflecting certain aspects of reproduction, including investment. The purpose of this research is to reveal the level of imbalance in the investment activity by the main types of activity, the adjustment of which will promote effective interaction of economic sectors and economic growth. The level of imbalance is defined as the variance in the deviation of sectoral indicators from the average for the economy, which we consider to be optimal. The analysis allowed making the following conclusions: the greatest structural shift is observed in terms of the share of investments in the active part of fixed assets and long-term financial investments; uneven support is provided from the federal budget to different branches; the investment activity is close in characteristics to the average values for the country and varies up to 8.16% in most industries. The imbalance in investment activity is determined not only by the implementation of the state sectoral programs and by investing priority sectors from the budget, but also by the differences in the conditions for its formation.
Activation of investment attraction in the dairy sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of public-private partnership
Authors: Demishkevich Galina , Petrov Aleksey , Botasheva Lyudmila
Published: October 2018

Today, the dairy sub-complex of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) faces the task of increasing volumes and production efficiency to ensure import substitution for milk and dairy products. A shortage of their own investment resources for the expansion or technical re-equipment of production is the problem of many milk producers. The solution can be found in attracting private investments into the industry using public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational and economic mechanism to attract investment in the dairy sub-complex of the AIC on the basis of PPP. For this purpose, theoretical aspects of the use of the PPP mechanism in Russia and abroad, as well as experience in implementing investment projects in the second sphere of Russia’s dairy sub-complex, have been studied. The paper presents a scheme for attracting investments in agriculture (using the example of dairy cattle breeding) on the principles of PPP. The key participants in PPP are state authorities, agricultural commodity producers and private investors. The proposed scheme is aimed at reducing risks in the implementation of the project that can give it additional attractiveness. The calculation, executed on the basis of analysis of actual data of agricultural organizations in the Ulyanovsk region, shows a sufficient level of efficiency of investment in the dairy production.
The organizational component of the mechanism of investment development
Authors: Semenova Elena
Published: October 2018

The organizational and economic mechanism includes the organizational and economic blocks. The article considers the elements of the organizational component of the investment development mechanism the size of the organization, the organizational and legal form and the specialization of the organization, which influence the investment development of the industry. The research was carried out on the basis of the official accounting statements of organizations of the Russian Federation for 2016 of the database of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation using the software of the consulting financial and analytical company Akon. Groups of agricultural organizations were identified by type of activity. It is concluded that small forms of enterprises prevail in the sectors of dairy and beef cattle breeding, and potato farming that determines their lower profitability and limits the possibilities for investing at their own funds. In specialized large and medium-sized organizations (production of grain and oilseeds, and sugar beet production) the efficiency of production is higher against the mixed production. The predominantly joint-stock form of management among large and medium-sized agricultural organizations expands the possibilities of investment activity.
The method of estimating the regional budgetary process
Authors: Glonti Vladimer , Zhiyenbayev Miras , Manvelidze Rezo
Published: October 2018

None of the territorial authorities would be able to perform the functions of management of economic and social processes in their territories, to make adequate decisions appropriate in concrete situations, without knowing the status of their territorial budget. An analysis of the budgetary process includes several directions of research characteristic of its different phases. At the stage of budgeting it includes an expert study of the budget in terms of justification of its basic parameters. At the stage of implementation, it includes an operational analysis of the current state budget and a systematic study of trends in the income and expenditure budget. The final stage includes an analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of use of budgetary resources. On this basis, the paper presents a system of indexes which makes it possible to assess the quality of the regional budget process and to identify the causes of breaches of development. It includes: 1. indexes specific to the structure of regional budget revenues and the dynamics of the relations between them; 2. absolute and relative indexes of the regional budget balance, 3. indexes of the income and expenditure proportionality in the budget; 4. a rhythmic analysis of expenditure from budgetary funds within the current budget; and 5. indexes of regional budget liquidity.
Mechanisms for accelerating the process of the infrastructure renewal
Authors: Lukmanova Inessa , Yaskova Natalia
Published: October 2018

Critical deterioration of infrastructure increasingly becomes an obstacle for the development of modern Russia. Large projects in virtually all sectors of the national economy cannot be implemented without accelerating the resource turnover and reducing the delivery time of finished products to the consumer. Meanwhile, infrastructure projects are not only capital-intensive, but also pay back slowly due to objective economic and natural-climatic reasons. In addition, the current stage of the country development is characterized by the inability to achieve growth in budget expenditures for these purposes, which requires the creation of special mechanisms for investing in infrastructure projects. The practice has developed a number of approaches to solving infrastructure issues, such as the public-private partnership in the terms of concession, syndicated lending, etc. Meanwhile, the investment activity of these mechanisms is insufficient for the scale of implementation of demanded projects. The infrastructure mortgage mechanism proposed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation may be a solution of this problem. Debatable character of the model of implementation of infrastructure projects using mortgage instruments, the analysis of approaches and points of view of the problem and the ways of its solution allowed the authors suggesting the key measures that make it possible to give the infrastructure mortgage mechanisms a justified character in the operational mode of time.
Comprehensive description of the matter of land lease
Authors: Matveeva Maria , Kholodova Olga
Published: October 2018

The solution of land issues is one of the most important factors in the development and implementation of investment and construction projects. In this particular aspect, land lease issues are the least researched ones. Lease is considered as a tool to increase the efficiency of the use of federal lands in order to improve investment activity in the development of new territories. In this paper, the main aspects of the concept of lease are presented in a complex form. Also, basic algorithms for evaluating the market value of land are considered. One type of management mechanisms is specifically outlined - a rental mechanism of land resources in state (federal and municipal) ownership, intended for the purposes of implementing innovative projects.
Introduction of the distributed registry technology into the company’s management system
Authors: Mrochkovsky Nikolay
Published: October 2018

The technology of the distributed registry creates new opportunities for changing the management system, which are discussed in the article. The use of the blockchain allows building a decentralized autonomous commercial organization on a network basis. With the help of p2p technology, it is possible to radically reorganize the structure of organization and management, and reduce the management and transaction costs inherent in the traditional hierarchical structure of the firm. The analysis of the steps by means of which real enterprises can be transferred to the blockchain is provided, and the role of smart contracts is analyzed.
The application of statistical methods in the study of unprofitable organizations’ activities
Authors: Dianov Dmitry , Suglobov Alexander , Dyatlova Angelina
Published: October 2018

Unprofitable organizations rarely fall under the monitoring of the economic development of territorial entities. Rather, they are the object of study of forensic economic examination, appointed, for example, to establish the facts of false bankruptcy. Is the unprofitability identical to the failure of investment projects, and is it possible to put an equal sign between these categories and phenomena? Unprofitability of organizations is not always associated with criminal aspects or incompetent management. Often, the reasons can be so independent of managers that one just has to watch how a firm or business rolls down. These are economic reasons, for example, the appearance of powerful competitors-producers or substitute goods; this is also administrative reasons, caused by an imbalance in the relationship between business and government, the needs of officials and the “cashier” of entrepreneurs. In addition, a huge number of organizations, especially in mining and agrarian industries are planned loss-making: it relates to all industrially developed economies in the world. Thus, from the perspective of investment research, the question of their effectiveness and profitability is legitimate. The ratio of planned and unplanned unprofitability is a delicate matter, relative to the budget system. The problematic nature of these issues is manifested, both in theoretical and practical-management aspects. The adoption of any decisions on these issues is impossible without proper and adequate quantification of such a phenomenon in the economy, as the unprofitability of organizations. A comprehensive quantitative assessment is in the competence and theoretical and methodological field of statistical science. It is the application of statistical tools for the study of unprofitable organizations that this research is devoted to, as presented in the article
Transformational leadership as a factor in the success of knowledge-intensive companies
Authors: Bogoviz Aleksei , Lobova Svetlana , Popkova Elena
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes general trends in the development of the knowledge economy and knowledge-intensive companies worldwide and in Russia particularly. First, we consider the distinctive features of the knowledge economy, such as the transformation of the labor process and the changing nature of the workforce, which largely affect the behavior of knowledge-intensive companies, whose sole business is innovation, and require new forms of leadership. Second, we analyze how transformational leadership affects creativeness and innovations in the knowledge-intensive companies on the basis of the recent scholarly research. Third, we argue that the transformational leadership style is most appropriate for the knowledge-intensive companies mainly due to its orientation on continuous development for the individual employees and the company as a whole. We conclude with key insights on the use of transformational leadership in the knowledge-intensive companies in Russia and worldwide.
Religious security of the Russian Federation as a reflection object of Philosophy and Religious Studies
Authors: Zhukov Artem , Bernyukevich Tatyana
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the philosophical aspects of the discourse on religious security on the territory of the Russian Federation, where religious organizations are recognized as one of the possible threats to modern society. The authors of the article prove that the specificity of threats on the part of religious organizations should be that their motive is to be a doctrine. The article justifies the fact that the commission of unlawful actions by a religious organization is most often justified not by dogma, but by material, secular motives. This leads to the fact that this activity is evaluated in accordance with the degree of harm caused as an extremist one. The novelty of the study is that the authors draw attention to the fact that there are religious associations that are recognized as dangerous, despite the fact that they do not carry out unlawful actions. The degree of danger they represent is determined on the basis of the content of religious texts that are recognized as dangerous if it can be proved that the potential threat contained in them can acquire a real character. The result of the article is the proof that the task of secular religious studies and social philosophy should not be efforts aimed at banning religious organizations that represent not a real threat, but only a potential danger, since the main thing in which these sciences are interested is the development of the theory of social adaptation of religion.
The trust as a social capital of civil society in contemporary Russia
Authors: Maximova Svetlana , Noyanzina Oksana , Omelchenko Daria , Maximova Margarita
Published: October 2018

Sociological analysis of indexes of institutional trust and indexes of development of civil society (structured interview, n = 2400, age of participants 18-70 years in six regions of Russia revealed the condition, problems and tendencies of development of the trust in regions, different by social-economic status. The generalized trust of Russian citizens corresponds to average level and less important than trust to surroundings and readiness to help to the people. We note in particular high level of the trust of Russians and potential cooperation with non-commercial organizations. During the research we revealed a number of factors influencing all types of the trust – generalized one, trust to the institutes of civil society – gender (women more often demonstrated trust, than men), type of place of residence (level of trust higher among rural inhabitants), material condition (rich respondents gave significantly higher values in all types of trust). Representations about importance of civic self-organization, sense of belonging to national, regional and local communities and sense of responsibility are positive characteristics of development of civil society. However, the level of civic activity is not so high (45%) and often reduces to one-time charity actions or membership in professional or local territorial unions. Values of indexes, connected with levels of the trust and civic activity considerably differ in different in social and economic status Russian regions.
Effect of groove texture on the dynamic characteristics of water-lubricated thrust bearing
Authors: Feng Huihui , Peng Liping
Published: October 2018

In this study, the effects of groove texture on the dynamic characteristics of water-lubricated thrust bearing are theoretically investigated. The turbulent Reynolds equation and its perturbation equations for water-film lubrication are derived and solved by using finite difference method. Dynamic characteristics including the stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearing are calculated. The effects of rotary speed, film clearance and geometrical parameters including groove texture depth and circumferential angle on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing have been investigated.
Petrographic and Thermal Characterization of Mortar from a Church Ruin in Cagsawa, Albay, Philippines
Authors: Laplana Nina Muriel A. , Miranda Eric T. , Mangay John Carlo A. , Recto Angel S. , Cayme Jan-Michael C.
Published: October 2018

The Cagsawa Ruins is a crucial structure of the old church standing 38 km from Mt. Mayon in the province of Bicol. The ruins has been the result of the eruption of Mt. Mayon last February 1,1814. The remains have become a part of the province’s rich history and culture declaring it as one of the national treasures of the Philippines. Preservation is implemented to maintain the part that has remained from centuries ago. But apparently, the material used for preserving this important structure lacks compatibility with the original materials incorporated in the structure. Portland cement has been an alternative for lime mortars through which, in nature, are synthetic and are known to be the source of premature deterioration of soft, historic bricks. This cultural heritage is of importance to the history and must be preserved to its rightful material. By means of petrographic and thermal analysis it was proved that the aggregate from the mortar gathered from Cagsawa came from minerals and marine organisms that the decomposition of the elements confirmed that there are organic compounds present.
RBF Neural Network Control for USV with Input Saturation
Authors: Deng Hua , Wang Renqiang , Li Jingdong , Chen Dawei , Sun Jianming , Zhao Yue , Du Jiabao
Published: October 2018

Intelligent control for USV with input saturation based on RBF network was proposed. Firstly, sliding surfaces with integral were designed on the basis of the sliding mode variable structure control technology. Secondly, RBF network was applied to approximate compensate the input saturation of system, and which was optimized by Genetic Algorithms. Finally, the control algorithm for USV was deduced by backstepping method with Lyapunov theory on the basis of sliding mode control. Relevant simulations show the control method is available for USV motion control.
ADRC Attitude Controller Design for Hypersonic Vehicle based on MIMO-ESO
Authors: Wen JianHua , Qin ChangMao , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2018

For the hypersonic vehicle nonlinear attitude mode in reentry process with a strong coupling, aerodynamic parameter perturbations and non-deterministic, combine extended state observer and nonlinear law state error feedback, design the hypersonic vehicle MIMO-ESO ADRC attitude controller. Put interference such as uncertainty, coupling and parameter perturbations as “the sum of interference” ,use the extended state observer to estimate and dynamic feedback compensation, use nonlinear law state error feedback to inhibit residual of compensation. ADRC controller is charged without a precise model of vehicle , and without precise perturbation boundaries of aerodynamic parameters.Simulation results show that the MIMO-ESO ADRC attitude controller can overcome the impact of large-scale perturbations of interference and aerodynamic parameters, have good dynamic qualities and tracking capabilities, also have strong robustness.
Extraction and Filter Algorithm of Guidance Information for Full-strapdown Seeker on Rotation Missile
Authors: Liu YongShan , Song Li , Li JingLong
Published: October 2018

Strapdown seekers are superior to platform seekers for their simple structure, high reliability and light weight but cannot measure the line-of-sight angle rate information for the guidance of rotation missile directly. This paper aims at the engineering application of full-strapdown seekers on rotation missile problem. Firstly, a line-of-sight angle rate solution model is established. Based on the MATLAB, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm are used to estimate the line-of-sight angle rate information of the full-strapdown seekers. The results show that using EKF filter and UKF filter both can obtain effective guidance information and the UKF’s effect is better.
Methodology for Enhancement of Energy Efficiency in Hydraulic Equipment
Authors: Pereira Sergio Luiz , Sortino Guilherme F. Fa. , Dias Eduardo Mário , Dias Maria Lídia Rebello Pinho
Published: October 2018

The cost of energy has increased greatly in the last decades, even with technological impact attenuators, which brings a concern with the increase of production effectiveness and better use of energy by machines and advanced equipment in industrial plants. This article proposes a methodology that allows a more rational use of energy in the production environment, applying Automation Technology, which represents a more affordable approach in relation to the high capital demanding complete machine replacement by the latest highest efficiency version available. The methodology thus contribute to reducing capital consumption, reducing costs, impacting both in the productive and financial performance of the organizations, with the overall result meaning less damage to the environment, providing sustainable gains.
On an optimal replenishment policy for inventory models for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with stock dependent demand and partial backlogging
Authors: Ahmad Bashair , Benkherouf Lakdere
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a procedure for determining the optimal replenishment policy for the simple inventory model with stock-dependent demand items, non-instantaneous deteriorating items and partial backlogging. The optimal policy is shown to be of a threshold form. That is, (i) if the time of the onset of deterioration is greater than or equal to the time at which partial-backlogging begins in the basic model (with no deterioration), then the optimal policy is determined by the parameters of the basic model, else (ii) The optimal policy corresponds to the unique critical point of the objective function for the model with non-instantaneous deterioration. Moreover, a simple test for deciding in favor of the former model is given. The procedure obtained is simpler and easier to implement than those existing in the literature. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.
Ethical Considerations in Neurogenetic Testing
Authors: Su Xiaowei , Simmons Zachary
Published: October 2018

Recent advances in the genetics of neurologic diseases coupled with improvements in sensitivity and specificity are making genetic testing an increasingly important part of diagnosis and management for neurologists. However, the complex nature of genetic testing, the nuances of multiple result types, and the short- and long-term consequences of genetic diagnoses raise important ethical issues for the clinician. Neurologists must balance the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, on the one hand, with patient autonomy on the other hand, when ordering such tests by facilitating shared decision making, carrying out their fiduciary responsibilities to patients, and ensuring that patients have adequate counseling to make informed decisions. This review summarizes ethical issues related to genetic testing for neurologic diseases, with a focus on clinical practice. Informed consent for genetic testing of patients and asymptomatic at-risk family members is discussed. The roles and responsibilities of physicians as genetic counselors are reviewed, including the framing of incidental findings and variants of unknown significance that impact individuals' decisions about whether to pursue genetic testing and what results they wish to know. Disclosure and its consequences for the patient are placed within an ethical framework to permit a better understanding of why genetic testing is different from most other diagnostic testing ordered by physicians. The review ends with clinical vignettes that attempt to place ethical principles into familiar clinical settings involving physicians, patients and their families.
Ensuring Justice in Access to Investigational Neurological Drugs
Authors: Bateman-House Alison , Caplan Arthur , Kearns Lisa
Published: October 2018

Patients who suffer from life-threatening illnesses or are stricken with conditions that could result in serious morbidity who have exhausted all appropriate treatments may choose to try, through the Food and Drug Administration's expanded access program, an investigational drug or device in development. The program has succeeded for decades in allowing patients to access potentially helpful but still experimental agents. Nevertheless, the administration of investigational drugs outside of clinical trials raises several ethical issues. Of particular concern are the validity of informed consent and the absence of a framework to ensure that experimental drugs are allocated justly and transparently. Although there are some safeguards to help protect the soundness of consent, little work to date has been done to guarantee that investigational medical products are allocated justly and transparently. We introduce a novel pilot project that seeks to address this issue.
Involving Minors in Medical Decision Making: Understanding Ethical Issues in Assent and Refusal of Care by Minors
Authors: Lang Abigail , Paquette Erin
Published: October 2018

When caring for minors, the clinician–patient relationship becomes more ethically complex by the inclusion of parents in the clinician–parent–patient triad. As they age, children become more capable of participating in the decision-making process. This involvement may lead them to either accept or refuse proposed care, both of which are ethically acceptable positions when the minor's capacity to participate in decision making is carefully considered in the context of their age, development, and overall health. Certain conditions may be more likely to impact their capacity for participation, but it is important for clinicians to avoid categorical presumption that minors of a certain age or with certain conditions are incapable of participating in decisions regarding their care. Understanding the ethical bases for decision making in pediatric patients and considerations for the involvement of minors who both assent to and refuse proposed treatment will equip clinicians to respect the growing autonomy of minor patients.
Successful Management of Giant Placental Chorangioma by Microcoil Embolization
Authors: Emery Stephen , Orons Philip , Bonadio Jeffrey
Published: October 2018

Optimal prenatal management of giant placental chorangioma (also known as chorioangioma, angiomyxoma, fibroangiomyxoma, or fibroma) has yet to be determined. Interventions intended to devascularize the tumor such as interstitial laser, bipolar coagulation, fetoscopic laser photocoagulation, and chemical embolization have met mixed results. We report a minimally invasive, extra-amniotic approach, technically similar to cordocentesis, of microcoil embolization of the feeding vessel. These percutaneously placed microcoils initiate clot formation at the site of insertion and are unable to migrate through the tumor, thereby minimizing fetal harm by downstream embolic phenomena. Intervention at 26 and 22 weeks resulted in intraoperative fetal loss in the former and vaginal delivery at term of a healthy neonate in the latter. Preoperative, intraoperative, and placental findings are highlighted. The ease and safety of this procedure may alter the risk–benefit equation toward earlier intervention with potentially better clinical outcomes.
Sildenafil Use in the Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Series
Authors: Qasim Amna , Dasgupta Soham , Aly Ashraf , Jain Sunil
Published: October 2018

Objective This article studies the role of sildenafil in reducing myocardial stress (measured by serial N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide [NTproBNP] levels) secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH).

Study Design This is a case series of three extremely low birth weight infants with severe BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. All infants had very elevated NTproBNP (> 2,000 ng/dL) levels and echocardiographic evidence of BPD-PH. Sildenafil was started and infants were followed up every 2 weeks clinically along with NTproBNP levels and echocardiograms.

Results After 4 weeks of sildenafil treatment, NTproBNP levels decreased significantly in all infants, echocardiograms showed significant improvement in one infant, and respiratory severity score improved significantly in one infant. All infants tolerated sildenafil.

Conclusion Sildenafil reduced NTproBNP levels in all infants with BPD-PH but the echocardiographic findings and respiratory scores did not improve consistently. We speculate that this may be due to a delay in diagnosis and initiation of therapy after irreversible pulmonary changes have set in.
Effectiveness of Laboratory Markers in Determining Serious Bacterial Infection in Children with Fever without Source
Authors: Gunduz Ahmet , Konca Capan , Turgut Mehmet , Tekin Mehmet
Published: October 2018

We assessed the effectiveness of laboratory markers in determining the presence of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in well-appearing children aged 3 months to 17 years with fever without source (FWS). One hundred eighteen patients aged between 3 months and 17 years presenting to the pediatric department due to fever and with no focus of fever determined through history and physical examination were included in this prospective study. SBI was determined in 14 (11.9%) of the 118 patients. No significant difference was determined between the two groups in terms of age, sex, degree of fever, duration of fever, and mean platelet volume. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were identified as independent predictive markers in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. PCT above 0.58 ng/mL emerged as the most sensitive and specific test at receiver operating curve analysis (sensitivity: 92.8%, specificity: 90.3%, area under the curve: 0.908, and p < 0.001). The method with the highest positive predictive value, 69.2, was a laboratory score consisting of CRP, PCT, and complete urine analysis ≥3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.6–90.7), while the marker with the highest negative predictive value, 98.9, was PCT > 0.58 ng/mL (95% CI:94.3–99.8). The NLR, CRP, and PCT were independent predictive markers in determining the presence of SBI in well-appearing children with FWS. PCT was the marker with the highest sensitivity and specificity in determining presence of SBI. The method with the highest positive predictive value was laboratory score, while PCT was the marker with the best negative predictive value.