bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Pangaribuan Mariska , Yunus Faisal , Damayanti Triya , Rochsismandoko Rochsismandoko
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity of COPD. COPD may be considered as a risk factor for new onset type 2 DM via multiple pathophysiological alterations such as systemic inflammation, smoking, oxidative stress, obesity and inhaled corticosteroid use. Exact prevalence of DM in COPD patients in Indonesia still unclear. Co-morbid conditions like DM have great impact on the outcome of COPD in the form of severity, morbidity and mortality.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done in Asthma-COPD clinic Persahabatan Hospital from February to March 2017 to screen COPD patients for DM. Sixty-four subjects were recruited. Interview, physical examination and laboratory testing were performed in all subjects.

Results: A total of 64 patients with COPD (Males=60, Female=4) with mean age 65±8.7 were screened for DM. Patients with known history of DM were 12 subjects (18.8%) and were enrolled as known DM cases. Remaining 52 subjects (81.3%) whose DM status was unclear were screened by random or fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. Two subjects (3.1%) were considered as newly diagnosed DM cases. Prevalence of DM in present study was 21.9%. Number of patients with pre-diabetes was 16 subjects (25%). There was no significant relationship between gender, age, smoking, nutritional status, airflow limitation and inhaled corticosteroid use in occurrence of DM among COPD patients.

Conclusions: Prevalence of DM in COPD patients in the present study is 21.9%. It is important to screen all COPD patients for DM routinely. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(1): 48-57)
Characteristics and One Year Survival of Mediastinal Germ Cell and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Syahruddin Elisna , Elhidsi Mia , Mudhiati Erni , Zaini Jamal
Published: April 2021

Backgorunds: Mediastinal germ cell tumors are relatively rare. These tumors can be benign or malignant, which has a poor prognosis malignant. Nowadays, multimodality therapy can improve the survival rate of patients’ mediastinal germ cell tumors. This study aims to determine the characteristics and factors affecting the 1-year survival rate of mediastinal germ cell tumors patients in the Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta.

Methods: The study was conducted using retrospective cohort of mediastinal germ cell tumors patients medical records in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012. Data obtained were analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis of survival.

Results: As much as 60 subjects participated in this study. Mediastinal germ cell tumors were found more in male (80%) with a median age of 21 years and especially in the age group of 20-29 years (43.3%). Most clinical symptoms found were shortness of breath (66.7%), most patients came with performance status (PS) 2 (50%). The majority of the mediastinal germ cell tumors found were teratomas (53.3%), followed with nonseminoma (40%) and seminomas (6.7%). Factors affecting the survival rate of mediastinal germ cell tumors were performance status of, the patients, treatment, complications and location of the tumors. One-year survival rate of mediastinal germ cell tumors in this study was 41.67% and affected by patients’ performance status, tumor location, complications and treatment.

Conclusion: Mediastinal germ cell tumors were mostly found in male, with the chief complain of dypnea and mostly was teratoma. Mediastinal germ cell tumors have high mortality rate. The 1-year survival was influenced by patient’s performance status, tumor location, complications and treatment. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 97-102)
Immunosenescence and the Susceptibility of the Elderly to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Wasityastuti Widya , Dhamarjati Andika , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: April 2021

A new disease caused by a newly-found coronavirus, known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). This new disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak started in late December of 2019 and it did not take a long time until it spread to more than 200 countries in the world with over 4 million confirmed cases to date. The number keeps skyrocketing as day passes, followed by the increasing number of fatalities. Among all of the infected patients, elderly is one of the vulnerable populations. Studies reported that the risk of infection is doubled in older people. This infection-susceptible characteristic may be due to the weak immune system, therefore they lack the capabilities to fight the infection. The deterioration of immune system in elderly is known as immunosenescence. The aim of this literature review is to understand the effect of immunosenescence in the immunopathogenesis and susceptibility of elderly who are exposed to COVID-19 infection. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 182-91)
Profil and Evaluation of Resistant Tuberculosis Drug’s Side Effect in Diabetes and Non Diabetes Mellitus Patient at RSUD Arifin Achmad
Authors: Rosdiana Dani , Anggraini Dewi , Yovi Indra , Tasril Marlina
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis included multi-resistant drug tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This situation is threatening Riau province due to the high prevalence of DM. Since 2014 Arifin Achmad Hospital as a referral hospital of MDR-TB management. It’s treatment especially in DM patients, requires an evaluation of both outcome and side effects. This evaluation needs to be compared with non-DM MDR TB patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse patient’s characteristic, conversion of smear or culture, drugs side effect and treatment outcome.
Methods: This is a cross sectional retrospective study in RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru on April-October 2018. Sample of this study were all patients from 2014 – 2017. This study was divided into 2 groups, namely the DM and non-DM groups, then analysed the differences between the two groups
Results: There were 113 MDR TB patients had its treatment, which 61% of the patients were male. Baseline data show 26.5% of MDR TB patients have comorbid DM. The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting (100%) in all subjects. In the MDR TB DM group, we found included: well controlled plasma glucose level was 33.3%, severe side effects was16.7%, conversion in the second month 40% and cured or complete treatment was 30%.
Conclusions: As many as 26,5% of MDR TB patients had DM comorbidity. There were no differences in the percentage of drugs side effects, smear conversion in the second month and treatment outcome between MDR TB DM and MDR TB non-DM group. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 156-62)
Asthma in Pregnancy: Mechanism and Clinical Implication
Authors: Damayanti Triya , Pudyastuti Sri
Published: April 2021

Asthma in pregnancy can influence clinical status of an asthma patient. Study showed that one third of asthma patients were worsening, one third stable and one third improving. During pregnancy, lung function, ventilation pattern and gas diffusion are influenced by biochemistry (hormonal) and mechanic. Mechanism in pregnancy with asthma including hypoxia, inflammation, corticosteroids therapy, history of exacerbation, smoking mother and changes in placenta function. Hormonal status during pregnancy is different with non-pregnancy woman which hormonal level changes through the pregnancy time. Those changes can influence lung function in pregnancy. Treatment of asthma in pregnancy is giving optimal asthma therapy, therefore it can improve asthma control, also the quality of life of a mother and her fetus during pregnancy.
The Effect of Thymoquinone on Interleukin-8 Levels, %FEV1 and CAT Scores in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kasumadewi Levana , Suradi Suradi , Setijadi Ana Rima
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a characterized by respiratory symptoms and persistent airway obstruction due to alveoli and/or airway abnormalities caused by continuous exposure to harmful particles or gases. Airway inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Nigella sativa, known as habbatusauda, contains thymoquinone, which has an anti-inflammatory effect. Airway inflamation improvement was measured based on decreased plasma IL-8 level, maintain the optimization of %FEV1 value and clinical improvement based on the decreased CAT score. Methods: The pretest and posttest experimental clinical trial was carried out in 40 patients with stable COPD in the pulmonology outpatient clinics of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta and dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital from 29 June to 3 August 2019. Subjects were grouped into treatment group (n=20) receiving standard therapy along with thymoquinone oil capsules 500 mg/day and placebo group (n=20) receiving standard therapy only for 30 days. Results: The study revealed statistically insignificant decreases of IL-8 level (P=0.052) and %FEV1 value (P=0.943) in the treatment group, while CAT score showed significant decreases in the treatment group (P=0.0005). Conclusion: Thymoquinone administration reduce inflammation as it can lower IL-8 level and improves the clinical condition of patients with stable COPD based on a decrease in CAT score.
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis at PT. A Sawahlunto and The Influencing Factors
Authors: Ulfahimayati Ulfahimayati , Herman Deddy , Basyar Masrul , Anggrainyi Fenty
Published: April 2021

Background: Coal workers’s pneumoconiosis (black lung disease) is an interstitial lung disease caused by chronic inhalation of coal dust. The incidence of coal workers’s pneumoconiosis increased globally from the 1990s to the 2000s by 3.2%. Indonesia is the country which has many coal mining, but national prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis was not discovered. PT. A is one of mining companies in Sawahlunto. The aims of this study was to determine the incidence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis at PT. A Sawahlunto and it’s influencing factors.
Methods: This study is an analytic study with cross sectional design, conducted from November 2019 to April 2020. There were 90 coal miners participated in this study. All subjects were performed chest X-ray examination with ILO standard to asses the incidence of pneumoconiosis. Spirometr examination, dust level measurement with portable low volume air sampler, interview, and validated questionnare were performed to evaluate it’s influencing factors. Statistical analysis used Chi-square test and double logistic regression test.
Results: This study found 12 workers (13.3%) had pneumoconiosis. From the statistical test results obtained age >50 years (P=0.035), duration of exposure (P=0.040), mask usage (P=0.029), restrictive lung function (P=0.004), and the mixed abnormality lung function (P=0.006) is associated with pneumoconiosis. The most dominant factor was mask usage (P=0.049) with OR=5.026
Conclusion: The most dominant factor that influence coal workers’ pneumoconiosis was mask usage. Others related factors were age, duration of exposure and abnormality lung function.
Accuration of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation in Lung Cancer Patient Type Adenocarcinoma in M Djamil Hospital Padang
Authors: Darusman Yandra , Ermayanti Sabrina , Nikmawati Sari , Afriani Afriani
Published: April 2021

Background: ctDNA is an alternative test for detecting mutation of EGFR in lung cancer type adenocarcinoma if the tissue speciment can not be carried out. Sensitivity, specificity and accuration of ctDNA test is stil varied. This study is aimed to acknowledge sensitivity, specificity and accuration of ctDNA in detecting EGFR mutation in patient with lung cancer type adenocarcinoma in M Djamil Hospital.

Methods: Design this study a diagnostik test comparing ctDNA to tissue speciment in detection EGFR mutation of 42 patients with lung cancer type adenocarcinoma in M Djamil Hospital. Sample was selected through consecutive technique.

Results: Incidence of EGFR mutation in patients with lung cancer type adenocarcinoma from tissue speciment was higher than ctDNA ((42,9% vs 28,6%; p=0,031). There was significant diffierence of EGFR mutation detection between sex, smoking status, and TNM staging based on tissue/cytology examination and ctDNA (p=0,031). EGFR mutation in sitologic test and ctDNA was more likely detected in male patient (66.7% and 58.3%), ex-smoker (50% and 41.7%) and stage IV (88.9% and 91.7%). The results of sensitivity, specificity positive prediction value (PPV) and Negative prediction value (NPV) in ctDNA test to detect EGFR mutation were 66,7%, 100%, 100% dan 80% according to sitology test as gold standard. Furthermore, the ctDNA accuration was measured according to AUC score 0.833 (SE 0,072, CI 95%, 0,693-0,974, p=0.0001).

Conclusion: ctDNA test have a good accuration with sensitiviy 66.7% and specificity 100% in detecting EGFR mutation in patients with lung cancer type adenocarcinoma.
Proportion of Pneumoconiosis in Limestone Mining Workers In Citatah Village, West Bandung District
Authors: Nalapraya Widhy Yudistira , Susanto Agus Dwi , Ikhsan Mukhtar , Mansyur Muchtarrudin , Marliana Caecilia
Published: April 2021

Background: Silica, asbestos and coal dust are associated with pneumoconiosis in mining workers. The International Labor Organization (ILO) reports that 30-50% of workers in developing countries are diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. This study aims to identify pneumoconiosis in limestone mining workers in Indonesia.

Method: This cross-sectional study involved 73 subjects of limestone mining workers in Citatah Village, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Two conclusions were similar from three AIR-Pneumo certified photo readers by blind reading and using the ILO guidelines.

Result: Pneumoconiosis was found in 11/73 (15.1%). The median age of the pneumoconiosis group was older than the non-pneumoconiosis group (51 [33-63] vs. 37.5 [18-85] age in years, p = 0.013). All subjects in the pneukoniosis group worked> 6 years (p = 0.001). The highest dust concentration was in the pneumoconiosis group compared to the non-pneumoconisosis group (61.41 ± 103.98 vs. 14.92 ± 55.17 mg / m3, p = 0.030). This study showed that the length of work and the level of dust in the mine were risk factors for pneumoconiosis, although not significant (OR = 14.6, p = 0.999 and OR = 7,171, p = 0.998).

Conclusion: The proportion of pneumoconiosis in lime mining workers in this study was 15.1%. Length of work and dust levels in the mine are risk factors for pneumoconiosis; but not meaningful in this study.
Proportion of Lung Hyperinflation In Patients With Persistent Asthma In Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta Using Multiple Breath N2-Washout
Authors: Afifudin Marisa , Yunus Faisal , Damayanti Tria
Published: April 2021

Background: In asthma, small airway dysfunction and inflammation may induce significant lung hyperinflation. The aim of the study is to discover the proportion of lung hyperinflation in patient with persistent asthma in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta. 

Method: A cross sectional study with descriptive analysis was done in Asthma clinic Persahabatan Hospital from September-November 2016. Forty-five subjects were recruited consecutively. Interview, physical examination, chest x-ray (CXR), spirometry and multiple breath N2-washout (MBW) were performed. Lung hyperinflation was defined as a residual volume /total lung capacity (RV/TLC%) above the upper limit of normal.

Results: The proportion of lung hyperinflation in patients with persistent asthma was 17,8% (8 of 45 subjects).

Median RV in milliliter was 1230 (570-2860). Median functional residual capacity (FRC) in milliliter was 1730 (970-3990). Median TLC in milliliter was 3310 (2490-6350). Mean RV/TLC ratio was 36,39% (SD±8,86). Mean FRC/TLC ratio was 52,86% (SD ±6,85). There was a significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) value with lung hyperinflation with the decline of FEV1 <60% increased the risk of lung hyperinflation by 8,46 (95%CI=1,155-61,98; p=0,036). There were no significant correlation between age, gender, smoking habit, body mass index (BMI), ACT score, the severity of persistent asthma, duration of asthma, duration of steroid inhalation use, exacerbation history in the last 12-months and emphysematous in CXR with lung hyperinflation (p>0,05). 

Conclusions: The proportion of lung hyperinflation in patient with persistent asthma in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta is 17,8%. Lung hyperinflation in persistent asthma is associated with the degree of airway obstruction.
GREEN INITIATIVES OF SBI: A CUSTOMER-CENTRIC STUDY
Authors: Neeraja T S  , Dr Raji Joseph
Published: April 2021

Green banking is the topic of discussion in the current era of global warming and climate change. India banking system has taken the concept of green banking into consideration and the circular issued by RBI in 2013 regarding green banking is the proof of its relevance. SBI is a bank in the public sector which has taken green banking into next level. The initiatives taken by the bank in implementing green banking is remarkable and this study intends to conduct an in-depth study about the green products offered by the bank. The article also analyses the concept of green banking from the side of customers. The awareness level of customers regarding various green product is looked into. An in-depth analysis of the benefits and satisfaction of green banking is also done from the perspective of customers. KEYWORDS: Green Banking, Sustainable Banking, Green Products, Paperless Banking
Diseño e identidad: "Absolutamente Cusco": Un discurso gráfico sobre el poder de lo local
Authors: Radulescu Mihaela
Published: April 2021

La comunicación visual ha tomado por asalto la ciudad: informa y pretende persuadir; pero, sobre todo, forma a la comunidad. Forma su memoria, su imaginario, sus gustos y sus reacciones. En los espacios públicos y privados, los mensajes visuales -y audiovisuales- ejercen sobre los individuos un poder latente, que tiene consecuencias a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Ser mujer, joven y senderista
Authors: Caro Cárdenas Ricardo
Published: April 2021

A la entrada del cementerio de la ciudad de Huamanga, hay una lápida que llama particularmente la atención. A diferencia de las demás, lleva un poema inscrito, casi nunca le faltan flores, y no es extraño observar que alquien se detenga a contemplarla. Se trata de la tumba de Edith Lagos, quien fue enterrada en dicho lugar, poco después de que trasladaran su cadáver desde Andahuaylas y atravesara gran parte de la ciudad, en la más multitudinaria y aparente manifestación de simpatía hacia la subversión senderista que sufrió el país. Esta famosa joven senderista fue asesinada en 1982, pocos meses antes de que el departamento de Ayaucho quede bajo control militar por casi dos décadas.
¿En verdad más saludable y solidario? A propósito de un reciente libro del Banco Mundial
Authors: Zamora Mesía Víctor
Published: April 2021

Para este artículo, he decidido parafrasear el título elegido para un muy publicitario libro presentado por el Banco Mundial (BM) a inicios del 2006 y cuyo editor es Daniel Cotlear. El título del capítulo cuatro de esta publicación es aún más provocador: "Políticas pro pobre en el sector público de salud del Perú", cuya autoría pertenece a Rony Lenz y Betty Alvarado. El texto aludido propone una agenda. La pregunta relevante es si ésta conduce o no a la construcción de un país más saludable y solidario con los más pobres. Desde mi puntode vista -por lo menos, en el capítulo dedicado a la salud-, fracasa por el intento por dos razones fundamentales.
José Francisco Ibérico y el rescate de nuestro autores
Authors: Gonzales Alvarado Osmar
Published: April 2021

Es justo reconocer que las provincias han enriquecido considerablemente aquello que denominamos cultura nacional. A pesar del centralismo económico y político que ostenta Lima, gran parte de nuestros grandes autores provienen de ciudades y pueblos del interior del país. No obstante, en el aspecto intelectual, el centralismo se manifiesta en la casi inevitable necesidad que muchos de esos autores han tenido de migrar a la capital y hacer en ella su carrera como tales.
Epistemologías indígenas y éticas interculturales: una lectura eticológica del quinto capítulo del Manuscrito de Huarochirí
Authors: Beauclair Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Este artículo es una lectura eticológica del capítulo 5 del Manuscrito de Huarochirí (Taylor ed. y trad. 1999), escrito colonial peruano del siglo XVII. El análisis quiere demostrar que los relatos provenientes de la tradición oral pueden ser una fuente válida para el estudio de las éticas de los pueblos indígenas de América, es decir, los valores y normas que orientan su manera de relacionarse entre seres humanos y con los no humanos. El estudio de estas éticas busca realizarse en la perspectiva de la creación de éticas interculturales que respondan a la colonialidad del saber y que podrían contribuir a los debates que conciernen a la mundialización actual y la gestión de sus diferentes procesos. Concretamente, nuestro análisis recurre a un procedimiento metodológico proveniente de diversas corrientes teóricas, entre las que destacan los estudios coloniales latinoamericanos, el análisis del discurso y la eticología. Empezaremos el artículo con algunas consideraciones generales sobre la obra en cuestión, lo que permitirá entender su construcción textual y discursiva; a continuación, procederemos al análisis del capítulo 5 del Manuscrito, así como a su interpretación eticológica. El análisis llega a la conclusión de que el Manuscrito revela una «ética de la reciprocidad» y que esta podría ser útil para repensar la ética y las relaciones interculturales en la actual época de mundialización.
De indio a peruano. El indígena andino entre las cortes de Cádiz y el primer Congreso Constituyente del Perú
Authors: Saavedra Inaraja María
Published: April 2021

El nacimiento de la República del Perú y su construcción política pasa por el difícil proceso de incorporar a un Estado liberal a grupos de población con características muy diferentes, entre los que se cuenta la gran masa formada por la población indígena. Se estudia el tratamiento que el tema indígena tuvo en las Cortes de Cádiz por parte de los diputados peruanos, y cuál fue ese tratamiento en las sesiones del primer Congreso Constituyente del Perú, una década más tarde. En ambos procesos constituyentes se reflejan elementos de eficacia legislativa junto con otros elementos que son expresión de pura actividad retórica.
Un conflicto perulero por la expansión transpacífica: la jornada de 1567 de Álvaro de Mendaña
Authors: Chalán Tejada Diego A.
Published: April 2021

En el Perú de la década de 1560 tuvo lugar un conflicto político en torno a la empresa de exploración y conquista del Pacífico Sur. En aquellos años, un poderoso grupo de encomenderos, lejos de resignarse a perder sus repartimientos, buscó tomar posesión de nuevas tierras y riquezas al otro lado del océano. En la arena opuesta, las ambiciones personales del funcionario encargado de consolidar el poder de la Corona en el Perú le hicieron frente. Aquella pugna fue una manifestación del conflicto colonial del momento. En este caso, la poderosa familia encomendera de los Maldonado y el gobernador del Perú, Lope García de Castro, protagonizarían la pugna en 1567. Este último, utilizando su posición política, venció gracias a que logró que sus intereses personales y los de la Corona coincidieran, además de que, ágilmente, logró neutralizar muchas de las pretensiones políticas de un sector conflictivo de la élite encomendera local.
Guamán Poma y la teoría hipocrática. De la iconografía europea a los Andes
Authors: Pacheco Ibarra Juan José
Published: April 2021

Uno de los factortes que influyeron en la construcción de la imagen del hombre del Nuevo Mundo fue la visión hipocrática, utilizada para explicar las diferencias entre los indígenas: formas de vida, enfermedades y costumbres morales. Cronistas como Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala y Martín de Murúa habrían conocido la teoría hipocrático-galénica y habrían usado sus principios y elementos para ilustrar al hombre andino a través de textor, grabados y dibujos que se difundieron en Europa. Este trabajo analiza algunas fuentes que pudieron ser utilizadas por Guamán Poma de Ayala para escribir la Nueva Corónica, en especial la influencia de la teoría hipocrática en parte de su obra y de qué manera esta sirvió para construir una imagen acerca del hombre andino y sus diferencias morales.
Fidelismo e Ilustración en un escrito arequipeño. La Declamación legal de Pedro José de Zuzunaga y Castillo
Authors: Calderón Valenzuela Fernando
Published: April 2021

Durante el siglo XVIII, la dinastía borbónica en España impulsó una serie de reformas educativas que permitieron un florecimiento intelectual en sus territorios americanos, las reformas fortalecieron al gobierno, pero también despertaron las críticas. Mientras algunos documentos redactados en esta época describieron críticamente el escenario colonial con el fin de impulsar una serie de reformas, otros cumplieron la función de afianzar el fidelismo en los territorios ultramarinos. Las autoridades del siglo XVIII eran conscientes del poder del discurso como herramienta para su consolidación y estabilidad en el poder. El texto escrito por Pedro José de Zuzunaga y Castillo en Arequipa durante el levantamiento de José Gabriel Condorcanqui (Túpac Amaru II) evidencia los cambios vividos en las elites intelectuales americanas en este periodo.
La minería arequipeña a inicios de la república. Entre la crisis de la plata y la fiebre del oro, 1825-1830
Authors: Condori Víctor
Published: April 2021

Los cambios ocurridos en la economía tradicional arequipeña durante la Independencia y la inestabilidad política de nuestros primeros años republicanos llevaron a algunos vecinos y hombres de empresas locales y extranjeros a dirigir sus esperanzas, esfuerzos e inversiones hacia una actividad poco apreciada en Arequipa colonial: la minería. En medio de este nuevo contexto surgirán un sinnúmero de sociedades, denominadas «compañías para el laboreo de minas»; pero también se producirá el descubrimiento de uno de los más espectaculares –y paradójicamente menos conocidos- yacimientos auríferos del Perú decimonónico. El presente trabajo busca conocer la situación de la minería arequipeña durante los primeros años republicanos y a partir de material inédito –extraído principalmente de los archivos locales– acercarnos a uno de los menos divulgados yacimientos auríferos de la historia minera regional y nacional.
Desarrollo y configuración inicial de la ciudad de San Miguel a través de la institución de la encomienda (1532-1578)
Authors: Elías Lequernaqué Jorge Pável
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio introductorio se centra en ver cómo la encomienda resultó siendo vital en la conformación de la inicial ciudad de San Miguel, así como en el posterior desarrollo y consolidación de la misma hasta aproximadamente 1578, año del segundo traslado de la ciudad al puerto de Paita. Repararemos en la baja demográfica indígena que repercutirá en la baja paulatina del tributo, así como en la actuación de los encomenderos piuranos en la vida política, social y económica de la ciudad.
Las mujeres Lachos: genealogía y cartografía del poder (Cajamarca, siglo XVII)
Authors: Argouse Aude
Published: April 2021

Este artículo intenta explicar un fenómeno observado en los archivos regionales de Cajamarca: la frecuencia del apellido Lachos, casi exclusivamente llevado por mujeres. A partir del examen de los protocolos notariales de la villa, disponibles para el siglo XVII, por un lado, y de un padrón de indios elaborado por los curas franciscanos de las cuatro parroquias de Cajamarca en septiembre de 1686, por el otro, avanzamos que se trata de una inscripción voluntaria de este apellido en los registros de la escritura pública de la villa, con el afán de asentar por escrito las genealogías cacicales. De hecho, es posible reconstituir las dinastías de caciques a partir de las prácticas notariales de las mujeres Lachos que están vinculadas a los señores locales. Complementariamente, destacamos también la presencia de forasteras que llevan este apellido, sugiriendo así una práctica difundida de usar el antropónimo como anclaje en la villa.
Más allá del litoral: el papel de las islas en el paisaje cultural marítimo del Perú
Authors: Cortéz Billet Vicente , Ausejo Castillo Carlos
Published: April 2021

Los autores presentan un panorama general sobre las relaciones entre las islas del litoral peruano y el resto del país y su función como paisaje marítimo cultural a través del tiempo, desde épocas prehispánicas hasta el presente, con énfasis en su rol como espacios sagrados, en su importancia económica y como puertos oceánicos. Usando fuentes escritas, tales como documentos etnohistóricos, crónicas y testimonios de viajeros, los autores compararán la información publicada con la evidencia arqueológica existente, tanto la recolectada durante la época de la explotación guanera en el siglo XIX como la de los proyectos arqueológicos sistemáticos llevados a cabo en las islas en los siglos XX y XXI, en sus espacios terrestres y subacuáticos.
Presentación
Authors: Mujica Pinilla Ramón
Published: April 2021

Este número de la revista Allpanchis está dedicado a Sabine MacCormack (Frankfurt, 1941 – South Bend, 2012), la brillante historiadora de origen alemán que consagró su vida al estudio del mundo andino. Sus primeros años académicos los dedicó al estudio del latín, los Padres de la Iglesia, la Edad Media europea y la cultura clásica del Mediterráneo. Y fue con esa formación intelectual –tan escasa entre los americanistas– que ella aborda los mal llamados «estudios coloniales» peruanos; una denominación polémica pues pasa por alto que los virreinatos americanos fueron «reinos» y no «colonias», desde un punto de vista jurídico, político, cultural y religioso.
Observation of Synchronous Primary Multiple Carcinoid of the Trachea and Main Bronchus
Authors: Chkhikvadze V. D. , Nudnov N. V. , Chernichenko N. V. , Murzin Y. Yu. , Kontorovich D. S. , Susarev I. O.
Published: April 2021

Carcinoid tumors are rare malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system. They belong to neuroendocrine tumors with a low degree of (G1, G2) malignancy. Even less common is the primary multiplicity of these tumors in the trachea and bronchi, which can complicate the only radical, surgical treatment. We present an observation of a 75-year-old patient who was able to diagnose a carcinoid of the cervical trachea and left main bronchus in a timely manner, determine the exact localization and prevalence of the tumor, and successfully conduct surgical treatment in 2 stages.
Concretization of Corporate Liability Provisions in the Court Practice
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Sinyavskaya M. S.
Published: April 2021

The present article contains analysis of cases regarding corporate law provisions on restitution of damages. At present article 53.1 of the Russian Civil Code provides for liability in case of breach of good faith and unreasonable actions. This legal norm has given rise to a great bulk of case law in this sphere. The article gives overview of the case law of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as poses some problems which became evident in the course of practical application of the legal provisions.
Subsidiary Liability of Actually Controlling Persons in Cases of Bankruptcy: Theory and Judicial Practice
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Efimov A. V.
Published: April 2021

Currently, the problem of subsidiary liability of controlling persons is complicated by the specifics of the status of persons who are not in legal relations with the debtor, but actually control it. The identification of actually controlling persons is difficult due to the insufficient certainty of the signs of actual control. It is important to note that the degree of certainty of the signs of actual control at the level of legal regulation affects the accuracy of the qualifications of persons as controllers when considering specific court cases. The purpose of this article is to formulate theoretical conclusions on the identification and prosecution of actually controlling persons on the basis of judicial practice. Research objectives: assessment of the legal regulation of subsidiary liability of controlling persons; assessment of situations of actual control; identification of signs of actual control. This article is based on general scientific methods (systemic, functional, a group of logical methods such as deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis) and special legal methods (formal legal, legal modeling method). As a result, it was concluded that the definition of controlling persons includes both persons who are in legal relations with a legal entity (nominal control), and persons who are not in legal relations with a legal entity, but nevertheless have the ability to provide actual the control. Since the signs of actual control are insufficiently defined at the level of legal regulation, problems of subsidiary liability of actually controlling persons arise in judicial practice. It was revealed that the courts qualify actual control due to circumstances that indicate either the exercise of specific powers of the debtor's bodies directly by the actually controlling persons; or that the powers of the debtor's bodies are exercised by nominal controlling persons, but their will is formed by actually controlling persons.
About the Thefts Provided by item «g» of Part 3 of Article 158, Articles 1593, 1596 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Peysikova E. V. , Antonov Yu. I. ,   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of judicial practice in cases of the thefts provided by item «g» of part 3 of article 158 and articles 1593 and 1596 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article notes the challenges in applying these rules in practice; demonstrates their restrictive features with regards to the doctrine of Criminal law. The article is written for the purpose of uniform application of these norms in practice after entry into force of the Federal Law of 23 April 2018, № 111-FZ.
The Role of the Conclusions of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation in the Prevention of the Emergence and Development of Conflicts of Legal Interests in the Judicial System of Russia
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Ryabtseva E. V.
Published: April 2021

The growing role of the judicial community in reforming the judicial system actualizes the scientific problems of law enforcement associated with understanding the essence of the regulatory impact of the Councils of Judges of the Russian Federation as a body of the judicial community to prevent the emergence of conflicts of legal interests in judicial activity. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of individual regulation of conflicts of legal interests by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation, aimed at optimizing its activities to combat corruption. The worldview and methodological basis were the works of theoretical scholars and their methods of integrative understanding of law to substantiate the impact of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on judicial activity through individual regulation. The conclusion is substantiated that the activities of the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics, related to the drawing up of opinions on the assessment of conflicts of legal interests and other corruption risks for both acting judges and retired judges, is an individual regulation of legal relations through: interpretation of law; overcoming gaps and conflicts in the law; individuali zation of rights, etc. The content of the interpretation of law by the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics is: the application of certain norms of both international and national law in a specific legal relationship when assessing conflicts of legal interests among judges through a systematic interpretation of the norms of law as a system of elements, defining its role in law, identifying other norms, as well as the principles of law; interpretation of the principles and norms of law, through the legal-logical interpretation of a normative act as logically interconnected structural elements of a single, internally agreed and consistent system of principles and norms of law, when deciding on the presence of conflicts of legal interests in the activities of judges, etc. The paper substantiates that in relation to conflicts of legal interests, individualization should be aimed at determining by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation typical situations of such conflicts for their correct assessment and development of recommendations related to the optimal behavior of judges, when circumstances arise that lead to conflicts of legal interests.
Improving of Legislation Establishing the Responsibility of Convicted Persons Recognized as Drug Addicts for Evading the Obligation Imposed on Them by the Court to Undergo Drug Treatment and Medical and (or) Social Rehabilitation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Babayan S. L. , Lakina I. A. ,   Federal State Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service» (Moscow), Pitkevich L. P. ,   Federal State Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service» (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

Fixing norms in the criminal law sentencing a person who has been drug addicts, according to which the court along with certain types of punishments not related to imprisonment, can lay on a sick addiction a duty to undergo treatment for drug and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, and monitoring of specified governmental prisoners has been stipulated in article 72.1 of the criminal code, introduced by Federal law No 313FZ of 25 November 2013. This provision in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation was the result of the state's response to a significantly increased number of people suffering from this disease and the need to counteract these processes. This measure of influence on convicts in the criminal, criminal procedure and criminal enforcement legislation of the Russian Federation for such a short period has become firmly established in judicial and criminal enforcement practice, in this connection, the need to improve the effectiveness of its appointment, execution and detention is being updated. In this regard, a study was conducted on the organization and implementation of control over the execution of convicts' obligations to undergo drug treatment and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, during which a survey was conducted of employees of the FKU UII and their branches in 28 territorial bodies of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia. As a result, research has shown that the majority of employees agree that it is necessary to provide for a provision in the penal enforcement legislation that a convicted person is considered to be evading treatment for drug addiction and medical and (or) social rehabilitation if, without refusing to undergo them, he does not visit or voluntarily left a medical institution and a medical or social rehabilitation institution, or twice failed to comply with the prescriptions of the attending doctor, or continues to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. It is also important to note that in the case of malicious evasion of a convicted person recognized as a drug addict from the obligation to undergo treatment for drug addiction and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, such a convicted person should be brought to criminal responsibility.
The Totality of Crimes and Judicial Practice of Sentencing Under Part 5 of Article 69 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Savchenko A. N.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problematic issues that have arisen in judicial practice on understanding the rules of sentencing provided for in part 5 of article 69 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the legislator in part 5 of article 69 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation provided for the rules for assigning a single sentence for the second sentence for a crime committed before the decision of the first sentence.
The Genesis of International Justice
Authors:   Court of the Eurasian Economic Union (Minsk), Chayka K. L.
Published: April 2021

The increasing number of international courts and their specialisation and the penetration of legal positions developed at the supranational level into the practice of domestic courts raise the question of the nature of international justice and its peculiarities. The concepts of national justice and the systemic nature of international courts are well developed in the doctrine, but the issue of international justice remains under-researched. Such an analysis is particularly important because of Russia's membership of the Eurasian Economic Union and the active use of supranational court positions in domestic law enforcement, including judicial enforcement. This article examines the current and historical approaches to the understanding of justice in Russian legal theory and the views of foreign scholarship on procedural justice, which is seen as equivalent to the category of «justice». The aim of this study is to formulate a concept of justice that is free from the peculiarities of national legal systems and able to explain the processes inherent in international courts. The question of the specific features of international justice will be answered, preceded by a reflection on the definition of «international judicial body» in the context of approaches of domestic as well as European. The method of induction has made it possible to identify the specific features inherent in universal international courts as well as in courts of integration associations and, on this basis, to provide a definition for «international judicial body». A comparison of the powers vested in the Court of Justice of the Eurasian Economic Union, the range of persons having the possibility to initiate dispute resolution, the binding and enforceable nature of its acts with similar rules in the activities of the UN International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union provides empirical material for analysis of the specific features of the Eurasian dispute resolution body justice. The study concludes that the modern concept of national and international justice has its philosophical basis in the genesis of ideas about human rights and fundamental freedoms. International justice, however, is defined as the legal and procedural activity of an independent judiciary to apply the law and resolve legal conflict.
Peculiarities of Individual Judicial Regulation of Relations with Participation of Peasant (Farm) farms
Authors: Chirkova V.A.
Published: April 2021

The legal regulation of relations with the participation of peasant (farmer) farms is complicated by the absence of a single legal act that would consistently cover all the rules governing the creation and activities of known types of peasant farms, which include: a sole peasant farm represented by an individual entrepreneur, a contractual association of citizens without the formation of a legal entity and peasant farms as the legal form of a legal entity. Individual judicial regulation, possessing a sign of feedback for legal regulation, can help increase its effectiveness. The purpose is to study the characteristics of individual judicial regulation of relations with the participation of peasant (farmer) enterprises on the example of individual judicial acts, as well as suggesting ways to resolve the problems identified. To achieve the stated goal, the following tasks were set: – designation of peasant farms confirmed by court decisions on disputes involving them; – the identification and study of the features of individual judicial regulation of relations with the participation of these types of peasant farms; – consideration of the possibility of application by courts of an analogy of the law in relation to peasant farms; – suggesting ways to address the identified problems of individual judicial regulation of relations with the participation of peasant farms. The methodological basis of the study consists in the use of general scientific (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and private scientific research methods (formal legal, document analysis method). Brief conclusions of the study. 1. The marked differentiation of types of peasant farming makes it possible to specify the features of legal and individual regulation of each of them, and also makes it possible to exclude the accidental application of improper legislation in relations with the participation of peasant (farm) farms. 2. To determine the characteristics of individual types of farms, it is necessary to accurately determine the basis for the occurrence of each of them. 3. The application of the analogy of the law to peasant farms as partnerships or societies should be excluded, and the full identification of farms with these legal entities should not be allowed. 4. A special law that would determine the particular legal status of the peasant economy as a legal entity in accordance with clause 5 of article 86.1 of the Civil Code has not yet been adopted.
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Protects of Citizen's Suffrage
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Sizikova N. M.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the ways to protect the citizens' suffrage through constitutional justice. The goals of resolutions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are defined. Depending on the purpose of Constitutional Court's resolutions, they help to prevent such violations in the future, help to eliminate obstacles to the realization of electoral rights and help to restore citizens' rights. Rulings of the Constitutional Court on the protection of citizens' electoral rights do not have a punitive effect on offenders, since the task of constitutional justice is to protect the rights and freedoms of all citizens regardless of their attitude to a particular case.