bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Word, Action, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Wiśniewski Jakub Bożydar
Published: July 2019

The Mengerian-Misesian tradition in economics is also known as the causal-realist approach – in other words, it studies the causal structure of economic phenomena conceived of as outgrowths of real human actions. Thus, it finds verbal descriptions and declarations economically meaningful only insofar as they can be linked with demonstrated preferences and their causal interactions. In this paper, I shall investigate how the approach in question bears on topics such as the economic calculation debate, deliberative democracy, and the provision of public goods. In particular, in the context of discussing the above topics I shall focus on market entrepreneurship understood as a crucial instance of “practicing what one preaches” in the ambit of large-scale social cooperation. In sum, I shall attempt to demonstrate that the Mengerian-Misesian tradition offers unique insights into the logic of communicative rationality by emphasizing and exploring its indispensable associations with the logic of action.
Data-based, synthesis-driven: Setting the agenda for computational ecology
Authors: Poisot Timothée , LaBrie Richard , Larson Erin , Rahlin Anastasia , Simmons Beno I
Published: July 2019

Computational thinking is the integration of algorithms, software, and data, tosolve general questions in a field. Computation ecology has the potential totransform the way ecologists think about the integration of data and models. Asthe practice is gaining prominence as a way to conduct ecological research, itis important to reflect on what its agenda could be, and how it fits within thebroader landscape of ecological research. In this contribution, we suggest areasin which empirical ecologists, modellers, and the emerging community ofcomputational ecologists could engage in a constructive dialogue to build on oneanother's expertise; specifically, about the need to make predictions frommodels actionable, about the best standards to represent ecological data, andabout the proper ways to credit data collection and data reuse. We discuss howtraining can be amended to improve computational literacy.
Evaluate Factors Influencing Depression in Baghdad: Using Deck-Depression Inventory
Authors: Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez Ali , Aljuboori Sahar B. , Kubba Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood , Fathel Rawaa , Talab Haneen
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study goal was to screen participants from different settings in Baghdad for depression using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and identify factors influencing the levels of depression.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 313 people from four settings (teaching hospital, college of medicine, college of pharmacy, and high school) in Baghdad, Iraq. The participants were screened using paper survey relying on the BDI scale during spring 2018. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we measured the association between depression scores and six participant factors.

Results: The overall prevalence of depression in our sample was 57.2%. Female participants had higher BDI scores (depression symptoms) than male participants.  Among those with depression, the majority (73.7%) had mild or moderate degree of depression. In terms of the cut-off scores, 42.8 % scored in the normal range, 20.4 % in the mild range, 7.0 % in the borderline range, 14.7 % in the moderate range, 10.5 % in the severe range and 4.5 % in the very severe range depression. Approximately 63% of the participants had sort of suicidal thoughts. The regression analysis showed significant (P-value < 0.05) association between having higher scores of depression symptoms and the presence of chronic disease(s), recent family loss, young age and female gender.

Conclusions: In our findings, depression was quite prevalent among people in Iraq.  The study demonstrates the importance of broad screening and social/psychiatric counseling of young population. Iraqi healthcare professionals should structure specific actions for patients with chronic diseases to minimize their depression symptoms.

 

Article Type: Orignal Research
“Not That You’re a Savage”
Authors: Johnson Michelle
Published: July 2019

In 1995, Disney Studios released Pocahontas, its first animated feature based on a historical figure and featuring Indigenous characters. Amongst mixed reviews, the film provoked criticism regarding historical inaccuracy, cultural disrespect, and the sexualization of the titular Pocahontas as a Native American woman. Over the following years the studio has released a handful of films centered around Indigenous cultures, rooted in varying degrees of reality and fantasy. The metanarrative of these films suggests the company’s struggle with how to approach Indigenous storylines, with attempts that often read as appropriation more than representation. In response to overt and frequently hostile criticism, Disney over-compensates by creating fictional hybridized cultures that cannot definitively be attributed to any one people, so as to avoid backlash that tarnishes their reputation. Focusing on Pocahontas but also considering other Disney representations of Indigenous peoples, this paper incorporates Laban Movement Analysis to explore how the characters in these films serve as palimpsests for Disney ideologies of race and gender. The studio inscribes meanings onto animated bodies and movement, erasing and rewriting (or drawing) history to create a story with just enough Disney “sparkle.” Spanning the fields of popular culture, visual anthropology, and dance studies, this paper examines how Pocahontas and other characters are animated to absorb and embody popular understandings and misunderstandings of Indigeneity, native history, and transcultural exchange, and how subsequent films continue to add new layers to Disney’s attempts at negotiating diversity.
Shackles and Strength
Authors: Katz Hannah
Published: July 2019

Sufrin, Carolyn. Jailcare: Finding the Safety Net for Women behind Bars. Philadelphia: University of California Press. 2017. 328 pages.
Athens in Play
Authors: Lex Elina
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the significance of experimental art spaces in the context of the political and socioeconomic crisis in Athens, Greece. Through ethnographic research, the aim is to examine where these galleries are situated in the socioeconomic moment but also, more significantly, how engaging in them can play an important role to a culture under crisis. By examining “play” through the disciplines of games, participatory, and interactive art, I address the social function of play and how it occupies a meaningful place in one’s social life despite being a separate mode of experiencing the world. Specifically, this paper investigates how the act of being “caught up” in play facilitates social connection, meaning, relief, stimulation, and agency in times of crisis.
Arguing with Songs
Authors: Trotter Lucy Ellen
Published: July 2019

This article seeks to problematize the anthropological tendency to view music as an autonomous force, suggesting that it may be better viewed as a discursive medium. It draws on existing anthropological, sociological, and musicological literature to argue that analogously to language and sound, the locus of the power of music lies less in its form and more in the various ways in which it is produced, circulated, consumed, and performed in culturally specific ways. Gendered ideology is located in these concrete, material actions of musical production, circulation, consumption, and performance; hence these musical activities serve to constitute the gendered subject in relation to dominant ideological power structures. Ultimately, by suggesting a way in which anthropologists could think productively with issues of music, gender, power, and agency, the article highlights the need to narrow the perceived disciplinary distance between anthropology and ethnomusicology.
The Landscape Imagination
Authors: Whitaker James Andrew
Published: July 2019

This article considers how the research programmes of historical ecology and Amerindian perspectivism may be combined and intersected to better describe the cultural understandings, agencies, and intentionalities that underlie the processes of landscape transformation in Amazonia. These research programmes will be discussed and interrelated towards points of contiguity and conjuncture. Historical-ecological research investigates the changing relationships between human beings and their landscapes across time. In particular, it considers historical examples of landscape transformations, which are anthropogenically derived environmental changes. Amerindian-perspectivist research investigates the relationships between human beings and other species within the cosmologies of Amerindian societies in the Amazon and elsewhere. The combination of these currently regnant approaches to ethnographic research among Amerindian societies provides new opportunities to better theorize the cultural contexts for the anthropogenic actions that lead to landscape transformations in the past and present. It also provides new opportunities to better describe how cosmological understandings are grounded in the processes that articulate human beings with their broader ecological contexts. This article considers these intersections and calls for further research with Amerindian societies that combines historical ecology and Amerindian perspectivism.
On the Doorsteps of Europe: Asylum and Citizenship in Greece by Heath Cabot
Authors: Cossette Julien
Published: July 2019

Cabot, Heath. On the Doorstep of Europe: Asylum and Citizenship in Greece. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2014. 257 pages.
Ethnographic Memories
Authors: Polleri Maxime
Published: July 2019

This article explores the similarities between a memoir and an ethnographic work. A memoir stands as an historical account written from personal knowledge. It is a form of writing that should resonate deeply within the heart of the anthropologist, whose very own specificity is to be, first and foremost, an ethnographer. That is, anthropologists are individuals full of (hi) stories, contingence, and subjectivity, who nevertheless struggle to bring “objective” accounts of what had happened under their eyes during fieldwork. I use this short comparative act as a jumping board to examine the politics of knowledge in the history of anthropological inquiry since the Enlightenment. More precisely, this comparison represents an opportunity to look at what is silently invested in the practices of ethnographical writing. In a brief discussion, I highlight the political implications that surround issues of knowledge production, expert voices, and translation amidst the discourse and narrative of anthropologists.
A Guide for Graduate Students
Authors: Medeiros Priscilla
Published: July 2019

This paper will explore the challenges graduate students may encounter when working with socially vulnerable groups in the field. It is written from the perspective of a current graduate student and draws on her ethnographic experiences in Nairobi Province, Kenya, to provide some modest advice to other researchers. Particular attention is paid to some of the more common challenges students may encounter in the field working with vulnerable groups such as research design, ethical considerations, and participant recruitment and retention. This article concludes with a framework through which to study these groups.
Memories of the Herrin Massacre
Authors: Robertson Caroline
Published: July 2019

Herrin, a small coal mining town in southern Illinois, has earned an infamous reputation because of its bloody family feuds, KKK presence, and perhaps most famously, for being the site of the “Herrin Massacre.” After union mineworkers went on strike over wage disputes in 1922, the owner of Lester Mine replaced them with non-union employees. This led to a deadly, violent exchange between the union and non-union mineworkers. My primary research interest in this massacre is to understand the historical trauma and present-day impacts this tragedy has had on the community. Through interviews with relatives and friends of those who took part in the Herrin Massacre, I have discovered the beginnings of a healing process taking place in Herrin, Illinois. The memories of the massacre are still foremost in the community’s minds; nevertheless there is some indication that the intensity of the conflict is lessening as a communal memory.
The Imagery of Iranian National Identity
Authors: Abbasinejad Raheleh
Published: July 2019

In this paper, I analyze the nation-building project that the Islamic Republic of Iran has produced and reproduced in the past four decades. I explore the political, social, and economic processes contributing to the (un)doing of identity projects, by investigating the 2009 protests following the Iranian presidential election and analyzing the slogans shouted from both sides of the conflict. I analyze these slogans, their words, metaphors, and meanings embedded in them to extract various aspects of national identity imagery, ideologies, and discourses in Iran. I argue that the narratives that emerged during the political protests of the 2009 Iranian Green movement demonstrate the formation of a plural national identity in Iran, which allows for the inclusion of more and more citizens. I contextualize my questions in the post-Islamic Revolution time period and specifically in the last decade (2009 to the present), because this period has undergone multiple civic movements. I contend that by placing the Iranian Green Movement under scrutiny various dimensions of contemporary national discussions in Iran can be exposed; notably anticolonial nationalism (fear of foreign domination), religious nationalism (Islamic and Shia), and civic nationalism.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, UKURAN DEWAN KOMISARIS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIC YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2016
Authors: Sundari Titi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility pada perusahaan go public yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012 hingga 2016. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas sedangkan variabel dependen adalah pengungkapan corporate social responsibility. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan go public yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode2012-2016 yaitu sebanyak 559 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode purposive sampling. Setelah dilakukan penyaringan sampel sesuai kriteria sampel maka diperoleh sampel sejumlah 60 perusahaan. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara parsial bahwa kepemilikan manajerial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, sedangkan ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility pada perusahaan go public yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sedangkan secara simultan kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO , DAN RETURN ON ASSET TERHADAP PPH BADAN TERUTANG Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam BEI Sektor Real Estate dan Property Tahun 2015 – 2016
Authors: Widyaningsih Eliza Tri
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menguji apakah manajemen laba, debt to equity ratio dan return on asset secara simultan dan parsial berpengaruh terhadap PPh badan terutang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam sektor real estate dan property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2016. Hasil pengujian secara simultan atau uji F dihasilkan bahwa manajemen laba, debt to equity ratio dan return on asset secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap PPh badan  terutang  pada  taraf  signifikansi  0,010  dengan  alpha  5% atau  0,010  <  0,05. Selanjutnya untuk pengujian secara parsial atau uji t dari ketiga variabel independen ditemukan bahwa Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap variabel dependen PPh badan terutang pada taraf signifikansi  0,007 dengan alpha 5% atau ( 0,007 < 0,05). Dan Return On Asset berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap variabel dependen PPh badan terutang pada taraf signifikansi  0,021 dengan alpha 5% atau ( 0,021 < 0,05).Sedangkan variabel Manajemen Laba secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap PPh badan terutang.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, DANA PERIMBANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Heryanti Chrisna Dwi , Wahidahwati Wahidahwati , Suryono Bambang
Published: July 2019

Untuk mencapai kemandirian daerah, pemerintah daerah harus mampu mengelola sumber daya yang dimilikinya secara efisien dan efektif. Hal tersebut dapat diwujudkan dengan kebijakan desentralisasi melalui otonomi daerah. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh PAD, Dana Perimbangan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Ruang lingkup yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Laporan Realisasi APBD Pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015 – 2017, terutama menekankan pada variabel PAD, Dana Perimbangan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Belanja Modal dan Kinerja Keuangan. Analisis dan hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 24. Metode analisis data pada pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) PAD berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan yang berarti kenaikan PAD akan meningkatkan kinerja keuangan pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur, (2) Dana Perimbangan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan yang berarti kenaikan Dana Perimbangan akan menurunkan kinerja keuangan pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur, (3) Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan yang berarti kenaikan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah, tidak selalu diikuti oleh kenaikan kinerja keuangan dari pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur dan (4) Belanja Modal berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan yang berarti belanja modal meningkat pada suatu daerah,  tidak serta merta dapat meningkatkan kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah dalam jangka waktu singkat.
AKUNTABILITAS PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI DESA PENOMPO
Authors: Hidayah Maey Nurul
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan akuntabilitas pemerintah desa dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa (DD) di Desa Penompo Kecamatan Jetis Kabupaten Mojokerto Tahun 2017, Metode penulisan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan digunakan sebagai analisis data, dan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas pengelolaan Dana Desa di Desa Penompo secara vertikal sudah baik namun yang harus diperbaikan adalah akuntabilitas secara horisontal dan transparansi Dana Desa, dalam tahap perencanaan kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat desa dalam musrenbangdes, tahap pelaksanaan pemerintah desa telah mengikuti Peraturan Bupati No. 1 Tahun 2017 dengan cara swakelola, dan tahap pelaporan pertanggungjawaban Dana Desa baik teknis maupun administrasi perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan. Kendala dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa adalah pencatatan dan pelaporan pertanggungjawaban.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS,LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAPEFFECTIVE TAX RATE(ETR) PADA PERUSAHAANMANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANGTERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2013 – 2016
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap effective tax rate. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan. Variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah effective tax rate. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2013-2016. Sampel yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Total 12 perusahaan ditentukan sebagai sampel. Metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas, leverage, maupun ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap effective tax rate.
School institutes and mentoring apprenticeship in Ancient tragedies
Authors: Pichugina Victoria
Published: July 2019

Ancient Greek tragedies of the 5th century BC are considered as double texts (texts for scenic incarnation and texts for reading) that ensured the development of school institutions and mentoring apprenticeship and reflected the pedagogical positions of playwrights on these institutions. Texts of tragedies as texts for scenic incarnation were aimed at adult students - townspeople, who continued their education in the theater as a special educational landscape – school on the stage. Texts of tragedies as texts for reading were texts for schoolchildren who used them as notebooks with prescriptions for rewriting or as text-exercises for reading aloud, reciting, memorizing.
The Goddess Venus in Lucretius’ poem ‘De rerum natura’
Authors: Myakin Timothey
Published: July 2019

The true meaning of the image of the goddess Venus, its role and place in the philosophical poem of Lucretius, reveals itself through a comparative analysis of the word usage in Lucretius and contemporary Roman poetry (and prose) taken in the context of philosophical and religious quest of Roman writers of the first century BC. All 31 cases of using the name Venus in Lucretius are analyzed. New arguments are being advanced in favor of Cl. Beltrão da Rosa and M. Eichler’s apprehension of the ‘De rerum natura’ as a poem in the genre of physical theology stricto sensu. Cf. Varr. De Rer. Div. Fr. 8, 2–5 Cardauns.
The Socratic question: old problems and new trends
Authors: Protopopova Irina
Published: July 2019

The article deals with new approaches to the solution of the so-called “Socratic question” associated with the search for a “historical” Socrates in different sources. The author outlines the history of the issue starting with Schleiermacher and his distinction between the images of Socrates in Plato and Xenophon. It is shown how, at the beginning of the 20th century, a consensus on the authenticity of Plato’s Socrates was reached (Robin, Taylor, Burnet, Maier), and then a sceptical view on the possibility itself to ever solve the “Socratic question” developed (Gigon). Vlastos’ position, which became influential in the late 20th century, is considered: he believed that Socrates of early Platonic dialogues is “historical”, while Socrates of the middle dialogues is a fiction of Plato’s. The second part of the article provides a brief overview of the six editions devoted
to Socrates in 2006–2018, and the conclusion is made that there is an obvious trend towards a return to the sceptical position of Gigon in regard to the “Socratic question”.
Functionalized Azetidines Via Visible Light-Enabled Aza Paternò-Büchi Reactions
Authors: Becker Marc R. , Richardson Alistair D. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: July 2019

Azetidines are four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles that hold great promise in current medicinal chemistry due to their desirable pharmacokinetic effects. However, a lack of efficient synthetic methods to access functionalized azetidines has hampered their incorporation into pharmaceutical lead structures. As [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between imines and alkenes, the aza Paternò-Büchi reaction arguably represents the most direct approach to functionalized azetidines. Currently, competing reaction paths accessible upon photochemical excitation of the substrates greatly restrict the synthetic utility of these transformations. We herein report the development of a visible light-enabled aza Paternò-Büchi reaction that surmounts existing limitations and represents a general solution for the direct formation of functionalized azetidines from imine and alkene containing precursors.
Identification of Prime Factors for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Molecular Engineering
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Nakada Akinobu , Springer Maximilian A. , Kawaguchi Takahiro , Suzuki Katsuaki , Kaji Hironori , Baburin Igor , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas , Abe Ryu , Seki Shu
Published: July 2019

Visible light driven hydrogen (H2) production from water is a promising strategy to convert and store solar energy as chemical energy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are front runners among different classes of organic photocatalyst, owing to their tunable porosity, crystallinity, optical and electronic properties. Photocatalytic activity of COFs depends on numerous factors such as band gap, crystallinity, porosity, exciton migration, charge separation and transport, stability etc. However, it is challenging to fine tune all these factors simultaneously to enhance the photocatalytic activity. Hence, in this report, we have prioritized the key factors for efficient photocatalytic H2 production through structure–property–activity relationship combined with microwave spectroscopy and first–principles calculations. Careful molecular engineering allowed us to tune the light absorption (i.e. band gap), crystallinity, porosity, layer stacking and charge carrier generation and transport of a series of isoreticular COFs. We have assessed how these properties and the interplay between them impact photocatalytic activity of studied COFs. From the structure–property–activity relationship, we found that light absorption and charge carrier generation and transport are the prime factors, which influence the photocatalytic H2 production of COFs in much greater extent than other factors.
Parallel Charge-Transfer Mechanisms Allow for Diversifying the Choices for Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Goliszewska Katarzyna , Rybicka-Jasińska Katarzyna , Clark John A. , Vullev Valentine I. , Gryko Dorota
Published: July 2019

Photochemistry provides access to reactive intermediates that are often inaccessible by any other means. Most organic molecules, however, are colorless ultraviolet absorbers. Therefore, photocatalysts absorbing in the visible spectral region are essential for transferring the required energy and charges to make challenging chemical transformations possible. A selection of a photocatalyst for driving oxidative or reductive reactions is crucial and is commonly based on their electrochemical potentials as well as the potentials of the starting materials. This selection, however, sometimes proves limiting and misleading, especially when the thermodynamic driving forces of the charge-transfer steps are relatively small. Here, we show that porphyrinoids with differences in their electrochemical potentials exceeding 0.5 V can photocatalyze the same model reaction of N-alkyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium salt with alkynyl p-tolylsulfone to form the same alkylated alkynyl product in similar yields. Our studies reveal that switching between parallel reaction pathways makes the attainment of these conversion efficiencies possible. Electron-rich catalysts drive the formation of alkyl radicals principally via a photoinduced electron transfer to the pyridinium ion and a sequential hole transfer recovers their ground states, i.e., PET-HT mechanism. Conversely, a photoinduced hole transfer dominates the initial formation of the reduced forms of electron-deficient porphyrins that then transfer electrons to the pyridinium salt to release the same alkyl radicals, i.e., PHT-ET mechanism. This discovery demonstrates a paradigm where reaction mechanism adjust to the electronic properties of catalysts and opens doors for transformative diversification and broadening of the applicability of photochemical transformations.
Structure-Based Design of a Macrocyclic PROTAC
Authors: Testa Andrea , Hughes Scott J. , Lucas Xavier , E. Wright Jane , Ciulli Alessio
Published: July 2019

Constraining a molecule in its bioactive conformation via macrocyclization represents an attractive strategy to rationally design functional chemical probes. While this approach has been applied to design enzyme inhibitors or receptor antagonists, to date it remains unprecedented for bifunctional molecules that bring proteins together, such as PROTAC degraders. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a first macrocyclic PROTAC based on co-crystal structure of a parent linear molecule, by adding a cyclizing linker. A co-crystal structure of the macrocyclic PROTAC bound in a ternary complex with VHL and Brd4 validated the rational design and identified new interactions formed by the new linker. Biophysical studies revealed that the macrocycle selectively discriminated the second against the first bromodomains of BET proteins, and is a potent Brd4 degrader. Macrocyclization provides a viable strategy to induce protein-protein complexes and protein degradation inside cells.
Time-Resolved Dynamics in Iodide-Uracil-Water Clusters upon Excitation of the Nucleobase
Authors: Kunin Alice , McGraw Valerie S. , Neumark Daniel
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of iodide-uracil-water (I−·U·H2O) clusters following π-π* excitation of the nucleobase are probed using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES). Photoexcitation of this cluster at 4.77 eV results in electron transfer from the iodide moiety to the uracil, creating a valence-bound (VB) anion within the cross-correlation of the pump and probe laser pulses. This species can decay by a number of channels, including autodetachment and dissociation to I− or larger anion fragments. Comparison of the energetics of the photoexcited cluster and its decay dynamics with those of the bare iodide-uracil (I−·U) complex provide a sensitive probe of the effects of microhydration on these species. The results are also compared with TRPES experiments on I−·U·H2O at lower pump photon energies, where both the initial photoinduced dynamics and the decay of the photoexcited cluster are qualitatively different.
A Robust, Porous and Solution-Processable Molecular Crystal Containing Multiple Donor-Acceptor Units
Authors: Cheng Shengxian , Ma, Xiaoxia , He Yonghe , He Jun , Zeller Matthias , Xu Zhengtao
Published: July 2019

We report a curious porous molecular crystal that is devoid of the common traits of related systems. Namely, the molecule does not rely on directional hydrogen bonds to enforce open packing; and it offers neither large concave faces (i.e., high internal free volume) to frustrate close packing, nor any inherently built-in cavity like in the class of organic cages. Instead, the permanent porosity (as unveiled by the X-ray crystal structure and CO2 sorption studies) arises from the strong push-pull units built into a Sierpinski-like molecule that features four symmetrically backfolded (SBF) side arms. Each side arm consists of the 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene acceptor (TCBD) coupled with the dimethylaminophenyl donor, which is conveniently installed by a cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction. Unlike the poor/fragile crystalline order of many porous molecular solids, the molecule here readily crystallizes and the crystalline phase can be easily deposited into thin films from solutions. Moreover, both the bulk sample and thin film exhibit excellent thermal stability with the porous crystalline order maintained even at 200 °C. The intermolecular forces underlying this robust porous molecular crystal likely include the strong dipole interactions and the multiple C···N and C···O short contacts afforded by the strongly donating and accepting groups integrated within the rigid molecular scaffold.
Bilingual Peptide Nucleic Acids: Encoding the Languages of Nucleic Acids and Proteins in a Single Self-Assembling Biopolymer
Authors: Swenson Colin , Velusamy Arventh , Argueta-Gonzalez Hector , Heemstra Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Nucleic acids and proteins are the fundamental biopolymers that support all life on Earth. Nucleic acids store large amounts of information in nucleobase sequences while peptides and proteins utilize diverse amino acid functional groups to adopt complex structures and perform wide-ranging activities. Although Nature has evolved machinery to read the nucleic acid code and translate it into amino acid code, the extant biopolymers are restricted to encoding amino acid or nucleotide sequences separately, limiting their potential applications in medicine and biotechnology. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and stimuli-responsive assembly behavior of a bilingual biopolymer that integrates both amino acid and nucleobase sequences into a single peptide nucleic acid (PNA) scaffold to enable tunable storage and retrieval of tertiary structural behavior and programmable molecular recognition capabilities. Incorporation of a defined sequence of amino acid side-chains along the PNA backbone yields amphiphiles having a “protein code” that directs self-assembly into micellar architectures in aqueous conditions. However, these amphiphiles also carry a “nucleotide code” such that subsequent introduction of a complementary RNA strand induces a sequence-specific disruption of assemblies through hybridization. Together, these properties establish bilingual PNA as a powerful biopolymer that combines two information systems to harness structural responsiveness and sequence recognition. The PNA scaffold and our synthetic system are highly generalizable, enabling fabrication of a wide array of user-defined peptide and nucleotide sequence combinations for diverse future biomedical and nanotechnology applications.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Noble Metals: Pol-Ymerized Fluorocarbon Layers as Effective Growth Inhibitors
Authors: Deminskyi Petro , Haider Ali , Eren Hamit , Khan Talha Masood , Biyikli Necmi
Published: July 2019

Selective deposition is a powerful self-aligned precision materials processing strategy which can hugely benefit next-generation nanoelectronics, catalysis, and energy conversion/storage fields. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is showing a significant promise in enabling area-selective deposition using various growth blocking layers including self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and various polymers. However, these blocking layers are not compatible with energetic co-reactants like ozone and plasma radicals, showing relatively fast degradation and losing their growth inhibition character. In this work, we demonstrate that polymerized fluorocarbon surfaces function as effective growth inhibitors for ALD-grown Pt and Pd films. Besides effectively inhibiting film growth with considerable nucleation delays for, Pt experiments revealed that polymerized CFx layers are also ozone-compatible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an AS-ALD process using ozone as co-reactant for noble metals. In our manuscript, we detail our observations of (Pt,Pd) film nucleation evolution and self-aligned deposition experiments on patterned samples. We have performed in-depth chemical and surface characterizations along the nucleation studies and self-aligned patterning experiments.
Rational Design of Surface Modified TiO2 with Alkaline Earth Oxides (Mg2+, Ca2+) for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Becerro Ana I. , Rhatigan Stephen , Nolan Michael , Colon Gerardo
Published: July 2019

Photocatalytic O2 evolution reaction was performed TiO2 rutile surface-modified with alkaline earth oxides, namely CaO and MgO. From the structural and surface characterization, modified systems do not show significant differences with bare TiO2, indicating that the integrity of the rutile phase is maintained after modification. However, the charge carrier separation is strongly affected by the presence of small amounts of alkaline-earth. Moreover, the O2 evolution activity is enhanced for Mg2+ modified systems at low loadings. This improved performance may be related to surface features such as higher ion dispersion and surface hydroxylation, and the improved photonic efficiencies observed for low Mg2+ loading. First principles simulations indicate that surface aggregation is more favourable for CaO-modifiers and may explain the greater degree of dispersion of MgO at low loadings. Computed oxygen vacancy formation energies indicate that the modified systems are reducible with moderate energy costs, relative to unmodified rutile, so that Ti3+ ions will be present. A model of photoexcitation shows that modification promotes charge carrier separation; electrons and holes localise at subsurface Ti sites and low-coordinated O sites of the modifiers, respectively. Pathways to water oxidation at interfacial sites of reduced MgO-modified rutile TiO2 are identified, requiring overpotentials of 0.75 V. In contrast, CaO-modified systems required overpotentials in excess of 1 V for the reaction to proceed.
TAF-ChIP: an ultra-low input approach for genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation assay
Authors: Akhtar Junaid , More Piyush , Albrecht Steffen , Marini Federico , Kaiser Waldemar , Kulkarni Apurva , Wojnowski Leszek , Fontaine Jean-Fred , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A , Silies Marion , Berger Christian
Published: July 2019

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a powerful technique to study transcriptional regulation. However, the requirement of millions of cells to generate results with high signal-to-noise ratio precludes it in the study of small cell populations. Here, we present a tagmentation-assisted fragmentation ChIP (TAF-ChIP) and sequencing method to generate high-quality histone profiles from low cell numbers. The data obtained from the TAF-ChIP approach are amenable to standard tools for ChIP-Seq analysis, owing to its high signal-to-noise ratio. The epigenetic profiles from TAF-ChIP approach showed high agreement with conventional ChIP-Seq datasets, thereby underlining the utility of this approach.
Percursos e avanços do texto multimodal: novas perspectivas na contemporaneidade
Authors: Vieira Josenia Antunes , Ferraz Janaína De Aquino
Published: July 2019

No âmbito das novas perspectivas contemporâneas para o texto, a comunicação sempre foi multimodal. Tal premissa torna possível determinar os percursos do fenômeno da multimodalidade nas práticas sociais do contexto atual. Assim, à luz dos preceitos da Semiótica Social – que defende serem os participantes em posição de poder os que levam os outros participantes a um maior esforço de interpretação –, com enfoque nas diversas semioses envolvidas na produção de sentidos como um meio legítimo de método analítico, pôde-se observar que, independentemente do tipo de discurso a ser estudado, é necessário considerá-lo frente ao contexto social e cultural, tendo em vista ser o discurso um modo de ação capaz de alterar o mundo e os indivíduos que dele participam. Nesse sentido, os textos aqui analisados revelaram aspectos ideológicos da construção multimodal e o interesse dos produtores de textos guiados pelas necessidades sociais. Em vista disso, conclui-se que devemos nos voltar para formas de investigação de textos multimodais, desconstruindo a ação alienadora da imagem e construindo uma avaliação crítica de tudo o que vemos. Aprender a lidar com o excesso de informações do mundo mediado das sociedades modernas é portentoso recurso de pesquisa e de construção de conhecimento, desvelando os fenômenos da linguagem e instrumentalizando para um mundo multimodal, povoado de imagens e de sons, para saber lidar criticamente com a natureza desse tipo de discurso.
Musa Impassível: uma leitura tridimensional da imagem
Authors: Macedo Denise Silva
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo pretende, à luz dos preceitos da Semiótica Social e da Gramática Visual de Kress e de van Leeuwen (2006), descrever os modos como uma imagem tridimensional combina regularidades visuais. O resultado de tal análise demonstra que a aplicação das categorias analíticas da leitura da modalidade visual tridimensional possibilita ver a imagem aqui analisada, e tantas outras, sob novas perspectivas. Com base nesse resultado, conclui-se que a habilidade de leitura de imagens, da forma ainda mais profunda que as categorias analíticas proporcionam, estabelece uma relação diferente entre o representado e o observador. Desenvolver tal habilidade é, portanto, avançar nas práticas discursivas das sociedades do século XXI.
KRESS, G.; VAN LEEUWEN, T. Reading Images: the grammar of visual design. Londres: Routledge, 1996.
Authors: Ivo Elda Alves Oliveira
Published: July 2019

Palavras-chave: Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC). Semiótica. Pesquisa Social. Análise Textual. Linguagem.
A semiótica social das cores e das formas tipográficas: conceitos, categorias e aplicações
Authors: Carvalho Flaviane
Published: July 2019

Este artigo visa a contribuir para as pesquisas sobre os significados construídos pela tipografia e pelas cores por meio de um estudo de caso da primeira página dos jornais portugueses Diário de Notícias, Correio da Manhã e Público. O referencial teórico é o da Semiótica Social (HALLIDAY, 1978; HODGE; KRESS, 1988), que concebe o uso de cada modo semiótico como determinado pelo contexto, produzindo, assim, significados socialmente e culturalmente situados. A metodologia é baseada nos sistemas paramétricos da tipografia (VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) e das cores (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2002; VAN LEEUWEN, 2011). Os resultados sugerem a convergência de propósitos comunicativos contraditórios no Diário de Notícias, a ênfase ao consumo e também ao monitoramento das instituições sociais no Correio da Manhã e o valor atribuído pelo Público à cobertura mais crítica e diversificada das notícias.
Os reflexos da mercantilização do ensino na formação identitária do professor
Authors: Vieira Josenia Antunes , Macedo Denise Silva
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir as consequências trazidas pelas mudanças no discurso para a formação de identidades dos profissionais da educação superior brasileira. As transformações no discurso e as práticas discursivas provocaram alterações profundas na educação. A tecnologização que nos cerca no dia a dia invade cada discurso, incluindo as instituições da educação superior, em particular, as do ensino superior privado. Para começar a entender essas mudanças no discurso, é pertinente iniciar com algumas considerações sobre o lugar dos professores e de sua identidade, reflexo das novas práticas discursivas presentes no discurso da educação superior no Brasil. Concluímos que as novas práticas discursivas, inclusive as publicitárias, revelam a venda de cursos, cujo propósito principal é o de ser um produto barato, de rápido consumo e de fácil circulação, afetando a identidade do professor, que também se transforma em produto.
Expressões multimodais de anúncios publicitários para a representação do feminino: implícitos e contextos
Authors: Silveira Regina Célia Pagliuchi da
Published: July 2019

Este artigo, situado na Análise Crítica do Discurso tem por tema a representação do feminino em textos multimodais publicitários, objetivando examinar, na composição textual do verbal e com o visual (imagens e cores), as formas de disseminação a ideologia, instaurada pelo poder. Justifica-se o tratamento dado, pois com a pós-modernidade e as mudanças sociais resultantes do aparecimento das altas tecnologias, os textos multimodais passam a ocupar lugar importante nas interações discursivas. Anteriormente, os textos eram preferencialmente verbais e, quando construídos com outras semioses, projetavam significações fixas para o visual, diferentes dos textos multimodais que hoje, compostos pelo inter-relacionar do visual e da cor com o verbal, exigindo outras estratégias de produção e processamento da informação. Logo, faz-se necessário analisar de forma crítica a multimodalidade textual, para a representação do feminino que é uma questão social importante, no Brasil. Desde que se entenda que todas as formas de conhecimento são representações mentais, construídas no e pelo discurso, são postuladas três categorias analíticas, a saber: Sociedade, Cognição e Discurso. Este trabalho apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa mais ampla, a respeito do feminino, entendendo-o como uma construção social por discursos públicos e eventos discursivos particulares; tal construção é perpassada pela cultura, valores sócio-cognitivos transmitidos de pai para filho, e pela ideologia imposta pelo poder (valores sócio-cognitivos que atendem aos próprios interesses do poder). A construção textual é vista pela seleção e combinação de fontes diferentes, para a composição co-textual; e pela projeção de diferentes contextos para a complementação sêmica das expressões textuais.
Vozes da diversidade: gênero no discurso cinematográfico
Authors: Ferreira Dina Maria Martins , Caminha Tibério
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo fomentar a discussão sobre a importância do discurso cinematográfico experimental como veículo de representações sociais e simbólicas em identidades de comunidades marginalizadas. Procuramos enfatizar as dissonâncias existentes entre os discursos cinematográficos comerciais e underground nos processos de construção de sentidos que alimentam o imaginário social e determinam a performatividade do sujeito. A trilha retórica e argumentativa é atravessada por pressupostos conceituais extraídos de estudos culturais, de cinema e de gênero em conjunção com questões levantadas pela análise do discurso.
Estratégias de manipulação da mídia em manchetes sobre crimes de violência contra a mulher
Authors: Silva Francisca Cordélia Oliveira da , Araujo Christiane Tegethoff Motta de
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho tem com objetivo analisar, à luz da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC), três manchetes de jornais que contenham notícias sobre crimes de violência contra a mulher. Nossa proposta é explicitar, por meio da análise dessas manchetes, as estratégias linguísticas usadas pela mídia para anunciar tais crimes e as possíveis consequências do uso dessas estratégias para o debate do assunto na sociedade. Para a nossa reflexão, contaremos com o arcabouço teórico da ADC (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, CHOULIARAKI; FAIRCLOUGH, 1999), com os estudos relacionados à questão da ideologia na era dos meios de comunicação de massa discutidos por Thompson (1995) e, ainda, com o trabalho desenvolvido por van Dijk (2012; 2015) acerca da tríade: discurso, dominação e poder. Esperamos demonstrar como a mídia se encontra numa posição privilegiada, que a torna responsável pelo modo como a violência contra a mulher é recebido e compreendido pela sociedade.
DUDENEY, G.; HOCKLY, N.; PEGRUM, M. Letramentos digitais. MARCIONILO, M. (Trad.). São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2016.
Authors: Junqueira Thaís Lôbo
Published: July 2019

A obra Letramentos digitais é um livro de metodologia pioneirona e de abordagem interdisciplinar de por que e de como ensinar os letramentos digitais no ensino de língua inglesa. Trata-se de uma tradução de Digital Literacies, obra de quatro capítulos e de estilo acessível ao público em geral, originalmente publicada em 2013,como parte da série Routledge Research and Resources in Language Teaching, e premiada pelo Conselho Britânico com o Society of Authors ELT Writing Award em 2014. O livro faz uma integração entre ensino de línguas e práticas sociais inovadoras que decorrem das tecnologias digitais pesquisadas em ambientes educacionais, ou letramentos digitais, que também pode ser aplicada ao ensino de línguas em geral e a diferentes contextos de comunicação.