bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Visible Light-Driven Photodegradation of Orange G Dye Using Cu-Ti-Oxide (Cu3TiO5) Deposited Bentonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Al-Ameri Abdulrahman , Bentaleb Kahina , Bouberka Zohra , Touaa Nesrine Dalila , Maschke Ulrich
Published: January 2025

Bentonite-supported TiO2 (Montmorillonite (MMT)-TiO2) and Cu3TiO5 oxides (MMT-Cu3TiO5) nanomaterials were synthesized via a facile and sustainable sol–gel synthesis approach. The XRD results indicate the presence of mixed phases, namely, TiO2 anatase and a new semiconductor, Cu3TiO5, in the material. The specific surface area (SBET) exhibits a notable increase with the incorporation of TiO2 and Cu3TiO5, rising from 85 m2/g for pure montmorillonite to 245 m2/g for MMT-TiO2 and 279 m2/g for MMT-Cu3TiO5. The lower gap energy of MMT-Cu3TiO5 (2.15 eV) in comparison to MMT-TiO2 (2.7 eV) indicates that MMT-Cu3TiO5 is capable of more efficient absorption of visible light with longer wavelengths. The immobilization of TiO2 and Cu3TiO5 on bentonite not only enhances the textural properties of the samples but also augments their visible light absorption capabilities, rendering them potentially more efficacious for adsorption and photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic efficacy of both MMT-TiO2 and MMT-Cu3TiO5 was evaluated through the monitoring of the degradation of Orange G, an anionic azo dye. The MMT-Cu3TiO5 photocatalyst was observed to induce complete degradation (100%) of the Orange G dye in 120 min when tested in an optimized reaction medium with a pH of 3 and a catalyst concentration of 2 g/L. MMT-Cu3TiO5 was demonstrated to be an exceptionally effective catalyst for the degradation of Orange G. Following the synthesis of the catalyst, it can be simply washed with the same recovered solution and reused multiple times for the photocatalytic process without the need for any chemical additives.
Insights into the High Activity of Hydrotreating Catalysts for Heavy Gas Oil
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Zhang Yalin , Xie Bin , Wang Jingjing , Yu Yinglong
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work was to develop a highly active hydrotreating catalyst for processing heavy gas oil to provide qualified feedstock for hydroisomerization or a hydrocracking unit. The NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts doped with phosphate were prepared by introducing two kinds of additives, and the influencing factors for highly active hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) were revealed. TEM analysis results showed that the catalyst with a small MoS2 stack length tended to have high activity due to more active sites being exposed. Laser Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the catalysts contained PMo12O403− metal active phases. For industrial heavy VGO feedstock, the nitrogen content can be reduced to 2 ppm with a hydrotreating process. The VI of the hydrotreated product can be improved from 132 to 145 after hydrotreatment, which is necessary to produce group III base oil as the most valuable base oil type. This work provides an insight into the high activity of hydrotreating catalysts for industrial lubricant hydroprocessing.
Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development: A Focus on the Role of Mitochondria as Regulators of Developmental Time
Authors: Vujovic Filip , Farahani Ramin M
Published: January 2025

Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate metabolism in a homeostatic state in an adult organism. During the prenatal period, prior to the establishment of homeostatic mechanisms, THs assume additional functions as key regulators of brain development. Here, we focus on reviewing the role of THs in orchestrating cellular dynamics in a developing brain. The evidence from the reviewed scientific literature suggests that the developmental roles of the hormones are predominantly mediated by non-genomic mitochondrial effects of THs due to attenuation of genomic effects of THs that antagonise non-genomic impacts. We argue that the key function of TH signalling during brain development is to orchestrate the tempo of self-organisation of neural progenitor cells. Further, evidence is provided that major neurodevelopmental consequences of hypothyroidism stem from an altered tempo of cellular self-organisation.
Influence of Glycerol and Tween on Yeast Films Functionalized with Cinnamon and Lavender Essential Oils
Authors: Bleoanca Iulia , Turturica Mihaela , Aprodu Iuliana , Stan Felicia , Fetecau Catalin , Borda Daniela
Published: January 2025

Sustainable food packaging solutions replacing the current petroleum-based ones are sparking researchers’ interest in the development of innovative applications. This study developed and characterized an edible film as a food packaging material, based on baker yeast whole cell disrupted by sonication and thermal treatment. Concentrations of glycerol and Tween 80 in the range of 1.00%–1.50% were used for film-forming emulsion, further functionalized with a 2% cinnamon−lavender essential oils mixture (CLEO). The yeast-based film-forming emulsions presented a shear-thinning time-independent pseudoplastic behavior. The flexible, homogenous, brownish yeast films with 1.25% glycerol, 1.25% Tween 80, and 2.00% CLEO retained the highest concentrations of cinnamyl alcohol acetate and eugenol from CLEO during casting, rendering the highest antibacterial effect against Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum expansum, and Bacillus cereus of all tested films. Yeast-based films with 1.00% glycerol, 1.00% Tween, and 2.00% CLEO exhibited a 1.08 MPa Young’s modulus, a 60 MPa tensile strength and the lowest WVP (0.025 × 10−10 g/m·s·Pa), but the lowest transparency of the three tested formulae. Whole baker yeast cells potentially represent a sustainable food packaging material.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TixNbMoTaW Refractory High-Entropy Alloy for Bolt Coating Applications
Authors: Zhao Ruisheng , Cao Yan , He Jinhu , Chen Jianjun , Liu Shiyuan , Yang Zhiqiang , Lin Jinbao , Chang Chao
Published: January 2025

High-strength bolts are prone to crack initiation from the threaded hole during fastening due to large loads, which can compromise their performance and reliability. To enhance the durability of these bolts, coatings are often employed to strengthen their surfaces. NbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloy coatings are widely used in hard coating applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. However, the brittleness of this alloy at room temperature limits its performance in high-stress environments. To enhance the ductility of NbMoTaW alloys, this study systematically investigates the effect of varying titanium (Ti) content on the alloy’s properties. First-principles calculations were employed to analyze the elastic properties of TixNbMoTaW alloys, including elastic constants, the elastic modulus, the bulk modulus (B)-to-shear modulus (G) ratio (Pugh’s ratio), Poisson’s ratio (ν), and Cauchy pressure (C12–C44). The results indicate that the addition of Ti significantly improves the alloy’s plasticity. Specifically, when the Ti content is x = 2, the B/G ratio increases to 3.23, and Poisson’s ratio increases to 0.39, indicating enhanced deformability. At x = 0.75, the elastic modulus (E) increases to 273.78 GPa, compared to 244.99 GPa for the original alloy. The experimental results further validate the computational findings. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicate that all alloys exhibit a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase. Room-temperature compression tests show that as the Ti content increases, the yield strength, fracture strength, and plasticity of the alloys significantly improve. Specifically, for a Ti content of x = 0.75, the yield strength reaches 1551 MPa, the fracture strength is 1856 MPa, and the plastic strain increases to 14.6%. For Ti1.5NbMoTaW, the yield strength is 1506 MPa, the fracture strength is 1893 MPa, and the plastic strain is 17.3%. Overall, TixNbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloys demonstrate significant improvements in both plasticity and strength, showing great potential for coating applications in high-stress environments.
An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery
Authors: Kaliya Kajal , Bhardwaj Neha , Ruchika  , Saneja Ankit
Published: January 2025

A 2D imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with good biocompatibility was synthesized using o-Dianisidine and 1,3,5-Triformylbenzene. The synthesized COF was characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized COF was subsequently utilized for the delivery of gemcitabine (Gem), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The COF demonstrated a remarkable drug loading of 30 µg/mg and better drug release at pH 5.0. The biocompatibility of the COF was evaluated in the L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell line, while the cytotoxicity of the Gem-loaded COF (COF-Gem) was evaluated against the MIA-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) cell lines using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the COF was safe at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL, while the COF-Gem led to superior cytotoxicity as compared to native Gem, with IC50 values of 8.1 ± 1.2 µM in MIA-PaCa-2 cells and 6.0 ± 1.3 µM in PANC-1 cells after 48 h. This study offers a new perspective of utilizing COF as a promising delivery system for Gem delivery.
Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Waste Electric Porcelain-Based Solar Energy-Absorbing Thermal Storage Ceramics with Interwoven Mullite Structure
Authors: Zhang Xuejia , Lv Zhenfei , Weng Junchi , Fan Mengke , Fan Feiyu , Wang Xin , Chen Xuyi , Shi Siqi , Shen Xiulin
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the environmental and resource challenges posed by the growing volume of waste electric porcelain in the power industry by developing solar absorption and thermal storage integrated ceramics (SATS ceramics) from waste electric porcelain. These SATS ceramics, which feature an exceptional mullite structure, were crafted through the optimization of the sintering process. Notably, when sintered at 1400 °C with an 11 wt.% magnetite content, the resulting material boasts an optimal short-clustered, ordered, and interwoven columnar mullite structure. This structure endows the material with a remarkable flexural strength of 96.05 MPa and a specific heat capacity of up to 0.6415 J/(g* °C) at 300 °C, significantly enhancing its thermal energy storage efficiency. This research offers innovative insights into the high-value utilization of waste electric porcelain and the development of solar thermal storage materials, underscoring its significant environmental and economic advantages.
Transparent Celadon with Phase-Separated Structure: Study on the Technological Characteristics and Coloring Mechanism of Celadons from the Lieshan Kiln
Authors: Li Qijiang , Wang Jingyun , Chen Chao , Fang Tao , Gao Chenyi , Li Jinwei
Published: January 2025

The excavation of the Lieshan Kiln site represents a significant advance in the field of ceramic archaeology. Previous scholars fixated on the white porcelain unearthed from this kiln, yet this study zeroed in on celadon from the Northern Song and Jin Dynasties. Celadon samples were analyzed using colorimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarizing microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal expansion analysis. Results revealed that material and technological advancements in the production of the Lieshan Kiln and reveal the special phase-separated structure in the glaze of the transparent celadon, with a weakly reduced firing atmosphere. Celadon bodies from both periods were crafted from local sedimentary clays in a single-ingredient formula, with the Jin Dynasty refining the preparation, leading to enhanced density and higher firing temperatures compared to the Northern Song Dynasty. The celadon glaze, a high-calcium type made up of glaze ash and specific clays, differed from the body materials. The high SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, along with Fe2O3 and trace P2O5, promoted phase separation. Glaze coloration was modulated by the interaction of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, and chemical coloration by Fe ions prevailed when phase-separated particles were minute enough to avoid Rayleigh or Mie scattering. In conclusion, the study deepens the understanding of ancient ceramic production by exploring the phase separation structure and coloring mechanism of the celadon.
One-Pot Synthesis of Zinc-Doped Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Jabkhiro Hajar , Naitana Mario Luigi , Marconi Eleonora , Bertelà Federica , Iucci Giovanna , Carlomagno Ilaria , Battocchio Chiara , Meneghini Carlo , Tortora Luca
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an original method for synthesizing Zn-doped mesoporous silica (KCC-1) via a one-pot microemulsion method followed by hydrothermal treatment. Zn incorporation into the silica matrix was achieved by varying Zn/Si molar ratios from 1% to 8%. The Zn-doping effect on KCC-1 morphological and structural properties was investigated using several characterization techniques, providing new insights into the Zn-doping behavior and coordination environment. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra confirmed the stoichiometric doping of silica nanoparticles for samples obtained with a precursor concentration of 1%, 3%, and 6%. An attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy highlighted that Zn was included into the KCC-1 matrix rather than chemically adsorbed onto the surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly showed that a low Zn content preserves the KCC-1 fibrous morphology. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the doped nanoparticles, suggesting a structural disorder of the silica framework at higher Zn concentrations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Zn–(OH)2 bonds increased at a 6% Zn/Si molar ratio, confirming the disordered inclusion of Zn at this doping limit. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data revealed that in Zn-doped silica at 3% and 6%, Zn primarily exists in a coordination state similar to zinc-silicates and the amorphous Zn-hydroxyapatite-like phase.
Revitalizing the Coastal Landscape of Qatar: The Urban Renewal Approach in West Bay
Authors: Patel Shikha , John Deepthi , Furlan Raffaello , Al-Matwi Rashid
Published: January 2025

Historically, urban development has always been centered on coastal areas, with access to waterbodies—seas, rivers and canals—being a significant advantage for movement and trade. With most of the world’s megapolises located on coasts, land reclamation offers a solution for the expansion of city centers which are otherwise restricted by the coastline. This study aims to define the current understanding of urban regeneration and development on reclaimed lands, addressing the basic questions of what, why and how. This study aims to assess urban regeneration on reclaimed coastal land based on the principles of sustainable development defined by existing studies. The literature review establishes a theoretical framework and defines performance-based benchmarks for identifying spatial indicators of urban development. Composite indicators, namely open space coverage, land use mix, the percentage of coast for people, accessibility to public transportation and amenities, the availability of pedestrian paths and cycling tracks and adequate road networks, are considered for this framework. The conclusions are drawn based on the results of an analysis of spatial layout using a GIS as a tool to map and empirically measure each indicator. The framework is validated using a major land reclamation project, West Bay, in the coastal urban area of Doha in Qatar. The results determine that West Bay has achieved a good level of sustainability, although there are areas that could be enhanced to improve the overall sustainability of urban development further. These findings can serve as a guide for policymakers and various stakeholders for sustainable urban planning on reclaimed coastal lands.
How to Effectively Communicate Dismal Diagnoses in Dermatology and Venereology: From Skin Cancers to Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Drago Francesco , Herzum Astrid , Mastrolonardo Mario , Atzori Laura , Foti Caterina , Burroni Anna Graziella
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: One of the problematic situations dermatologists face with their patients is communicating dismal diagnoses. Examples are the diagnosis and prognosis of skin cancers like melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma and the disclosure of the chronic nature of a disease that requires long-term therapies or can lead to scarring or disfiguring conditions. Likewise, receiving a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection can be a shocking event that can also put into question the patient’s relationship with his/her partner/partners. Some oncology and internal medicine protocols have been developed to support delivering distressing information. Regrettably, no consensus guidelines exist in dermatology, sexually transmitted infections, or other medical specialties. Methods: The protocols available in the literature to guide the disclosure of a dismal diagnosis have been reviewed in the present work. Results: The different protocols consist of several steps, from 5 to 13, and most of them are summarized by acronyms, such as “SPIKES”, “ABCDE”, and “BREAKS”. The frameworks are listened to and explained in the manuscript. Conclusions: These communication models are suggested to be adapted to dermatology and sexually transmitted infections. Indeed, several studies demonstrated that training in communication skills and techniques to facilitate breaking bad news may improve patient satisfaction and physician comfort.
The Impact of Diagnostic Imaging on Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Feedback from a Narrative Review
Authors: Lavalle Salvatore , Caranti Alberto , Iannella Giannicola , Pace Annalisa , Lentini Mario , Maniaci Antonino , Campisi Ruggero , Via Luigi La , Giannitto Caterina , Masiello Edoardo , Vicini Claudio , Messineo Daniela
Published: January 2025

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and associated comorbidities. Effective, traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, have limitations in providing comprehensive anatomical detail. Recent advancements in imaging technology have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of OSA, offering detailed insights into airway anatomy, function, and dynamics. This paper explores the latest innovations in imaging modalities, including high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, functional MRI, three-dimensional airway reconstructions, and the integration of artificial intelligence algorithms for enhanced image analysis. We discuss the potential of these technologies to improve the precision of OSA diagnosis, tailor treatment strategies, and predict treatment outcomes. Moreover, we examine the challenges of implementing these advanced imaging techniques in clinical practice, such as cost, accessibility, and the need for validation in diverse patient populations. We also consider the ethical implications of widespread imaging, particularly regarding data security and patient privacy. The future of OSA management is poised for transformation as these imaging technologies promise to provide a more nuanced understanding of the disorder and facilitate personalized treatment approaches. This paper calls for continued research and collaboration across disciplines to ensure these innovations lead to improved patient care and outcomes in the field of sleep medicine.
The Dynamic Evolution of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Farah Amir , Assaf Tarek , Hindy Jawad , Abboud Wisam , Mahamid Mostafa , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Mari Amir
Published: January 2025

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the esophagus characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, and hallmark symptoms of esophageal dysfunction such as dysphagia and food impaction. Over the past three decades, EoE has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity, distinguished from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) through advancements in diagnostic techniques, particularly endoscopy with biopsy. The rising global prevalence of EoE reflects enhanced diagnostic awareness, evolving criteria, and environmental along with lifestyle changes. The etiology of EoE is multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, immune dysregulation, the gut microbiome, and environmental triggers, including dietary allergens and aeroallergens. Key mechanisms include a type 2 helper T-cell (Th2)-driven immune response, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and genetic variants such as CAPN14 and TSLP. Chronic inflammation leads to tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and esophageal narrowing, contributing to disease progression and complications. Management strategies have evolved to include dietary elimination, proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, biologics, and endoscopic interventions for fibrostenotic complications. Emerging therapies targeting cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, alongside novel diagnostic tools like the esophageal string test and Cytosponge, offer promising avenues for improved disease control and non-invasive monitoring. Long-term surveillance combining endoscopic and histological evaluations with biomarkers and non-invasive tools is critical to optimizing outcomes and preventing complications. Future research should address gaps in understanding the role of the esophageal microbiome, refine therapeutic approaches, and develop personalized strategies to improve disease management and patient quality of life.
CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cell Counts in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Suresh Vinay , Rudrakumar Malavika , Kaur Anmol , Ghosh Victor , Satish Poorvikha , Verma Amogh , Roy Priyanka , Bardhan Mainak
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To assess the presence and quantity of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through a meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of the databases identified the observational and interventional studies reporting baseline CD34+ cell counts in AD patients. The data on mean counts and the measures of variation were extracted. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using common and random effects models to compare the CD34+ cell counts between the AD patients and controls. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using tau2, tau, and I2 statistics. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the ROBINS-I tool. Patients: Five studies were included, comprising four observational studies and one open-label trial, with a total of 271 participants (139 AD patients and 132 controls). Results: The meta-analysis indicated an increase in CD34+ cell counts of the AD patients when compared to the controls. The common effects model showed a moderate SMD of 0.2964 (95% CI:0.0490–0.5437). However, the random effects model yielded a non-significant SMD of 0.2326 (95% CI: −0.4832–0.9484). Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 87.1%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: AD patients may exhibit higher circulating CD34+ cell counts than the controls, but substantial heterogeneity and potential biases limit definitive conclusions.
Image Encryption Method Based on Three-Dimensional Chaotic Systems and V-Shaped Scrambling
Authors: Wang Lei , Song Wenjun , Di Jiali , Zhang Xuncai , Zou Chengye
Published: January 2025

With the increasing importance of securing images during network transmission, this paper introduces a novel image encryption algorithm that integrates a 3D chaotic system with V-shaped scrambling techniques. The proposed method begins by constructing a unique 3D chaotic system to generate chaotic sequences for encryption. These sequences determine a random starting point for V-shaped scrambling, which facilitates the transformation of image pixels into quaternary numbers. Subsequently, four innovative bit-level scrambling strategies are employed to enhance encryption strength. To further improve randomness, DNA encoding is applied to both the image and chaotic sequences, with chaotic sequences directing crossover and DNA operations. Ciphertext feedback is then utilized to propagate changes across the image, ensuring increased complexity and security. Extensive simulation experiments validate the algorithm’s robust encryption performance for grayscale images, yielding uniformly distributed histograms, near-zero correlation values, and an information entropy value of 7.9975, approaching the ideal threshold. The algorithm also features a large key space, providing robust protection against brute force attacks while effectively resisting statistical, differential, noise, and cropping attacks. These results affirm the algorithm’s reliability and security for image communication and transmission.
Some New Constructions of q-ary Codes for Correcting a Burst of at Most t Deletions
Authors: Song Wentu , Cai Kui , Quek Tony Q. S.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we construct q-ary codes for correcting a burst of at most t deletions, where t,q≥2 are arbitrarily fixed positive integers. We consider two scenarios of error correction: the classical error correcting codes, which recover each codeword from one read (channel output), and the reconstruction codes, which allow to recover each codeword from multiple channel reads. For the first scenario, our construction has redundancy logn+8loglogn+o(loglogn) bits, encoding complexity O(q7tn(logn)3) and decoding complexity O(nlogn). For the reconstruction scenario, our construction can recover the codewords with two reads and has redundancy 8loglogn+o(loglogn) bits. The encoding complexity of this construction is Oq7tn(logn)3, and decoding complexity is Oq9t(nlogn)3. Both of our constructions have lower redundancy than the best known existing works. We also give explicit encoding functions for both constructions that are simpler than previous works.
Statistical Mechanics of Directed Networks
Authors: Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles
Published: January 2025

Directed networks are essential for representing complex systems, capturing the asymmetry of interactions in fields such as neuroscience, transportation, and social networks. Directionality reveals how influence, information, or resources flow within a network, fundamentally shaping the behavior of dynamical processes and distinguishing directed networks from their undirected counterparts. Robust null models are crucial for identifying meaningful patterns in these representations, yet designing models that preserve key features remains a significant challenge. One such critical feature is reciprocity, which reflects the balance of bidirectional interactions in directed networks and provides insights into the underlying structural and dynamical principles that shape their connectivity. This paper introduces a statistical mechanics framework for directed networks, modeling them as ensembles of interacting fermions. By controlling the reciprocity and other network properties, our formalism offers a principled approach to analyzing directed network structures and dynamics, introducing new perspectives and models and analytical tools for empirical studies.
Environmental Performance, Financial Constraints, and Tax Avoidance Practices: Insights from FTSE All-Share Companies
Authors: Sastroredjo Probowo Erawan , Ausloos Marcel , Khrennikova Polina
Published: January 2025

Through its initiative known as the Climate Change Act (2008), the Government of the United Kingdom encourages corporations to enhance their environmental performance with the significant aim of reducing targeted greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050. Previous research has predominantly assessed this encouragement favourably, suggesting that improved environmental performance bolsters governmental efforts to protect the environment and fosters commendable corporate governance practices among companies. Studies indicate that organisations exhibiting strong corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, or high levels of environmental performance often engage in lower occurrences of tax avoidance. However, our findings suggest that an increase in environmental performance may paradoxically lead to a rise in tax avoidance activities. Using a sample of 567 firms listed on the FTSE All Share from 2014 to 2022, our study finds that firms associated with higher environmental performance are more likely to avoid taxation. The study further documents that the effect is more pronounced for firms facing financial constraints. Entropy balancing, propensity score matching analysis, the instrumental variable method, and the Heckman test are employed in our study to address potential endogeneity concerns. Collectively, the findings of our study suggest that better environmental performance helps explain the variation in firms’ tax avoidance practices.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Water System’s Structure and Its Relationship with Urban System Based on Fractal Dimension: A Case Study of the Huaihe River Basin, China
Authors: Yu Hailong , Yu Bin , Zhang Xiangmin , Fan Yong , Wen Sai , Jiao Shanshan
Published: January 2025

The formation and development of cities are inseparable from a certain scale of water resources. The information contained in the morphological structures of cities and water systems is often overlooked. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of water system structures (WSS) and urban system structures (USS) can reveal the “urban–water” relationship from a new perspective. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) was selected as the case area, based on the theory of fractal dimensions, grid dimension and multifractal spectrum methods were used to depict the structural evolutionary characteristics of water systems and urban systems from different dimensions. Then, through a comparative analysis of fractal parameters and spectral lines, the characteristics and changing patterns of the “urban-water” relationship in the HRB from 1980 to 2019 were revealed. The results indicate the following: (1) The water system structure in the HRB is complex and exhibits distinct scale characteristics, showing improvement overall and at larger scales while continuously degrading at smaller scales. (2) Both the water system and urban system exhibit increasingly complex spatial development characteristics; however, the USS continues to optimize over time, while the WSS experiences degradation. (3) The development patterns of the water system and urban system are significant differences in the HRB. Urban development mainly relies on outward expansion, whereas the water system is primarily characterized by intensive enhancement. (4) Because of the rapid development of urban areas, water scarcity may occur in densely populated urban areas or larger cities in the future. The research results can serve as a scientific reference for urban planning and water resource management in the HRB.
Single-Stage Power Converter for Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting to Achieve Self-Powered Smart Grid IoT Devices
Authors: Muñoz-Gómez Antonio-Miguel , Menéndez-Marín María , Ballestín-Fuertes Javier , Sanz-Osorio José-Francisco
Published: January 2025

Energy harvesting technologies are becoming increasingly popular as potential sources of energy for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Magnetic field energy harvesting (MFEH) from current-carrying components, such as power cables, represents a particularly promising technology for smart grid, infrastructure, and environmental monitoring applications. This paper presents a single-stage AC/DC power converter, a control architecture, and an energy harvester design applicable to MFEH devices. The power converter consists of a MOSFET full bridge that is used to actively rectify the induced voltage at the transceiver while providing a regulated output voltage. The approach is suitable for a broad range of grid power lines, offering a compact power stage that achieves a reduction in component count while active rectification minimizes energy losses, thereby improving thermal management in power electronics compared with the previous research. The experimental results demonstrate that the power converter provides a stable energy source and offers an alternative to self-powering smart grid IoT devices.
Numerical Investigation and Experimental Verification of the Thermal Bridge Effect of Vacuum Insulation Panels with Various Cavities
Authors: Huang Chao , Kan Ankang , Chen Zhaofeng , Yang Chao , Zhang Yuan , Yang Lixia
Published: January 2025

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) with cavities can be used in many applications, but their thermal bridge effect can be pronounced. In order to investigate the thermal bridge effect of VIPs with cavities, a numerical model was used for an analysis of the thermal bridge effect. The occurrence of the thermal bridge effect was investigated in nine groups of VIPs with different sizes and shapes of cavities. The results were experimentally verified. The results show that the effective heat transfer coefficient of VIPs decreases by 1.9% with an increase in the number of cavity sides, and the thermal bridge effect is much smaller with a larger number of cavity sides. The authors also found that an increase in the radius of the cavity tangent circle resulted in a more pronounced thermal bridge effect, with the effective thermal conductivity of the VIP increasing by 11.4%. In addition, the results obtained from the numerical analysis were verified by a simulation using COMSOL software (version 6.1). This study provides a reference for the variation rule of the thermal bridge effect in VIPs and reveals the numerical laws between the different parameters when the thermal bridge effect occurs.
Investigation of Emissivity and Junction Contacting Status of C-Type Thermocouples Using Rich Hencken Flames
Authors: Zhang Linqing , Lu Yingrong , Huang Qinghuang , Wang Peiyong , Chang Juntao
Published: January 2025

C-type thermocouples are widely used to measure rich combustions; however, the measured temperature, i.e., the thermocouple junction temperature, is not equal to the gas temperature. The junction temperature results from the junction energy balance, including radiation with environments, conduction with thermocouple wires, and convection with gas. A correction based on the junction energy conservation can derive the gas temperature from the measured temperature. Two C-type thermocouples are used to measure the core region of the standard flames with known gas velocity, composition, and temperature. By matching the CFD-simulated junction temperature with the measured temperature, the emissivity of the thermocouples is obtained. In the temperature range of 1190–1542 K, the emissivity of both thermocouples is close to 0.4. Since the junctions of the C-type thermocouple are large, the area ratios of the wire cross-section to the junction surface are small, and the wire conduction effect is minimal. CFD simulations show that the junction temperatures only decrease by 3.9 K and 8.1 K without wire conduction when the 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thermocouples measure the Hencken flame with the temperature of 2023.5 K. With the CFD simulation of the measurement of the diffusion region of the Hencken flame, where a strong gas temperature gradient exists, the junction contacting status is judged for the 0.5 mm thermocouple. The simulated temperature of the welding point is consistent with the measured temperature, indicating no wire contact inside the junction.
Integrating Autonomous Shuttles: Insights, Challenges, and Strategic Solutions from Practitioners and Industry Experts’ Perceptions
Authors: Diba Dil Samina , Gore Ninad , Pulugurtha Srinivas S.
Published: January 2025

Integrating autonomous shuttles into public transportation systems holds immense potential to revolutionize urban mobility and enhance accessibility. This paper focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the perceptions of practitioners and industry experts and proposes best practices for effectively integrating autonomous shuttles into public transportation systems. Perceptions of stakeholders have been collected, and a two-fold analysis was performed. Critical barriers for the adoption of autonomous shuttles were identified using the Garette ranking method and principal component analysis (PCA). Recommendations covering different aspects, including underutilization, safety concerns, seating arrangements, reliability, data security, operational aspects, sensor technology, and lane use, are provided. They encompass operational adjustments, infrastructure enhancements, safety measures, policy considerations, and economic foresight. The findings emphasize the importance of extending pilot deployment trial periods, improving autonomy, strategically positioning sensors, enhancing road signage, and providing dedicated lanes for autonomous shuttles. Data-security policies, operator training, and stakeholder responsibilities are also highlighted to build trust and facilitate a seamless transition to autonomous shuttles. This paper concludes by providing recommendations to ensure the successful integration of autonomous shuttles, fostering widespread acceptance and shaping the future of urban transportation.
Batch Adsorption of Orange II Dye on a New Green Hydrogel—Study on Working Parameters and Process Enhancement
Authors: Simion Andrei-Ionuț , Grigoraș Cristina-Gabriela , Favier Lidia
Published: January 2025

A new green hydrogel consisting of cherry stone (CS) powder and sodium alginate (SA) was synthesized through physical crosslinking. The product had a mean diameter of 3.95 mm, a moisture content of 92.28%, a bulk density of 0.58 g/cm3, and a swelling ratio of 45.10%. The analyses of its morphological structure and functional groups by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the successful entrapping of the CS in the SA polymeric matrix. The viability of the prepared hydrogel as adsorbent was tested towards Orange II (OII) anionic dye. The influence of the pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, and initial dye concentration was evaluated. Then, the impact of three accelerating factors (stirring speed, ultrasound exposure duration, and temperature) on the OII retention was investigated. The highest recorded removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were 82.20% and 6.84 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption followed Elovich and pseudo-second-order kinetics, was adequately described by Freundlich and Khan isotherms, and can be defined as spontaneous, endothermic, and random. The experiments confirmed that the obtained hydrogel can be used acceptably for at least two consecutive cycles, sustaining its effectiveness in water decontamination.
Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Epigenetic Dysregulation in Spermatogenesis: Implications for Male Infertility and Offspring Health
Authors: Kaltsas Aris , Markou Eleftheria , Kyrgiafini Maria-Anna , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Symeonidis Evangelos N. , Dimitriadis Fotios , Zachariou Athanasios , Sofikitis Nikolaos , Chrisofos Michael
Published: January 2025

Male reproductive health is governed by an intricate interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms—encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activity—are crucial both for spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. However, oxidative stress, driven by excessive reactive oxygen species, disrupts these processes, leading to impaired sperm function and male infertility. This disruption extends to epigenetic modifications, resulting in abnormal gene expression and chromatin remodeling that compromise genomic integrity and fertilization potential. Importantly, oxidative-stress-induced epigenetic alterations can be inherited, affecting the health and fertility of offspring and future generations. This review investigates how oxidative stress influences epigenetic regulation in male reproduction by modifying DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, ultimately compromising spermatogenesis. Additionally, it discusses the transgenerational implications of these epigenetic disruptions and their potential role in hereditary infertility and disease predisposition. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies that mitigate oxidative damage and restore epigenetic homeostasis in the male germline. By integrating insights from molecular, clinical, and transgenerational research, this work emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to enhance male reproductive health and prevent adverse outcomes in progeny. Furthermore, elucidating the dose–response relationships between oxidative stress and epigenetic changes remains a critical research priority, informing personalized diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. In this context, future studies should adopt standardized markers of oxidative damage, robust clinical trials, and multi-omic approaches to capture the complexity of epigenetic regulation in spermatogenesis. Such rigorous investigations will ultimately reduce the risk of transgenerational disorders and optimize reproductive health outcomes.
Casein Kinase I Protein Hrr25 Is Required for Pin4 Phosphorylation and Mediates Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bhattarai Amita , Bhondeley Manika , Liu Zhengchang
Published: January 2025

Background: Casein kinase I protein Hrr25 plays important roles in many cellular processes, including autophagy, vesicular trafficking, ribosome biogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the DNA damage response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pin4 is a multi-phosphorylated protein that has been reported to be involved in the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway and DNA damage response. Pin4 was reported to interact with Hrr25 in yeast two-hybrid and large-scale pulldown assays. Methods/Objectives: Co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays were utilized to confirm whether Pin4 and Hrr25 interact and to determine how they interact. Genetic interaction analysis was conducted to examine whether hrr25 mutations form synthetic growth defects with mutations in genes involved in CWI signaling. Immunoblotting was used to determine whether Hrr25 phosphorylates Pin4. Results: We show that Hrr25 interacts with Pin4 and is required for Pin4 phosphorylation. pin4 mutations result in synthetic slow-growth phenotypes with mutations in genes encoding Bck1 and Slt2, two of the protein kinases in the MAP kinase cascade that regulates CWI in the budding yeast. We show that hrr25 mutations result in similar phenotypes to pin4 mutations. Hrr25 consists of an N-terminal kinase domain, a middle region, and a C-terminal proline/glutamine-rich domain. The function of the C-terminal P/Q-rich domain of Hrr25 has been elusive. We found that the C-terminal region of Hrr25 is required both for Pin4 interaction and CWI. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Hrr25 is implicated in cell wall integrity signaling via its association with Pin4.
Functional Testing of ETV6 Variants: Is the Evaluation of Their Intracellular Localization Sufficient in Assessing Pathogenicity?
Authors: Ammeti Daniele , De Simone Tonia , Zampieri Stefania , Bon Cristina , Zanchetta Melania Eva , Bottega Roberta , Faleschini Michela , Savoia Anna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: ETV6-related thrombocytopenia (ETV6-RT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by mild thrombocytopenia since birth and an increased predisposition to hematologic malignancies. ETV6 functions as a transcriptional repressor, and its pathogenic variants, predominantly within the ETS domain, disrupt nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. In individuals with congenital thrombocytopenia, we identified two missense variants: c.1110A>G, p.Ile370Met, a novel variant, and c.1133G>A, p.Arg378Gln, a known variant with conflicting pathogenicity interpretations, for which functional characterization is necessary to provide an accurate molecular diagnosis. Methods: In silico bioinformatic tools and structural modeling were used to predict the impact of the variants. Functional assays included a dual-luciferase reporter assay to measure transcriptional activity and immunofluorescence/immunoblotting to assess intracellular localization in transfected HEK293T and HeLa cells. Results: Bioinformatic predictions and structural analyses suggested that the two variants might play a role in altering the folding or function of the ETS domain. Functional analysis revealed that p.Ile370Met abolished the ETV6 transcriptional repression activity, confirming its pathogenicity. p.Arg378Gln had no effect on the reporter gene levels, and, as expected, it localized in the nucleus. Interestingly, unlike the known mutations, which fail to enter the nucleus, p.Ile370Met retained partial nuclear localization. Conclusions: Since we described the first ETV6 mutation localized in the ETS domain that causes a loss of transcriptional activity, although it maintains the ability to enter the nucleus, we suggest that both transcriptional activity and intracellular localization assays are important for the accurate classification of ETV6 variants by functional studies.
Hepatic Steatosis and Microbiota: A Regional Study on Patients from Western Romania
Authors: Mihele Adina Ioana , John Harrie Toms , Negrut Nicoleta , Ferician Anca , Marian Paula , Manole Felicia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The gut–liver axis is bidirectional and influences the body’s homeostasis. Pathologies such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL) can have detrimental effects on the human microbiome, with multiple systemic effects. Furthermore, the geographical particularities of the intestinal microbiome may influence liver disease. The study’s outcome was to identify dysbiosis in a group of patients with MASL from the western region of Romania. Methods: The NGS shotgun genomic sequencing (WGS metagenomics) method was used to identify bacteria in fecal samples. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software [version 29.0.2.0 (20)]. Results: Out of the 122 MASL patients included in the study, 43 (35.24%) exhibited low alpha diversity. In the subgroup with a normal biodiversity index, approximately half were identified with a Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio below the lower reference value, while the remaining patients presented dysbiosis based on decreased concentrations of Proteobacteria and Prevotella, considered among the most relevant species supporting dysbiosis. A higher prevalence of Prevotella species (15.99 ± 13.65%) was identified in the study cohort. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that patients with MASL from the western region of Romania exhibit criteria for intestinal dysbiosis, namely reduced bacterial diversity, along with significant alterations in populations of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Prevotella. Together, these findings suggest a possible influence of geo-cultural factors on the intestinal microbiome, highlighting the need for regionally adapted therapeutic interventions to support liver health.