bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Ryan Marisa A.
Published: October 2017

Clinical practice guidelines are designed to synthesize and disseminate the best available evidence to guide clinical practice. The goal is to increase high‐quality care and reduce inappropriate interventions. Clinical practice guidelines that systematically review evidence and synthesize it into recommendations are important because the available scientific evidence is normally neither rapidly nor broadly incorporated into practice. It is important to understand and improve the impact of our American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation clinical practice guidelines on this uptake of scientific knowledge. Considering the barriers to guideline adherence is a central part of this. This understanding can guide clinicians, future guideline authors, and researchers when using guidelines, writing them, and planning clinically relevant research.
Lingual injury
Authors: Pugach Dana , Peleg Anat , Ronel Natti
Published: October 2017

This qualitative, phenomenological study conducted in Israel consisted of interviews with 14 close relatives of murder victims whose cases generated media interest. The research offers a comprehensive view of the endeavors of the participants to be heard in both the criminal justice system and the media. The findings indicate that despite the growing recognition of co-victims’ rights and media attention to their narratives, both the justice system and the media disappoint these victims and largely fail to respond to their need to convey their messages. The participants experienced ‘lingual injury:’ the repudiation and muting of their own language in favor of professional jargon. Lingual injury is an innovative concept that describes particular aspects of secondary victimization; it contributes to the existing literature by enabling a detailed mapping of co-victims’ simultaneous difficulties in the interplay between the criminal justice system and the media. It highlights the need for developing professional tools, both legal and victimological, to alleviate this situation.
Computed tomography-guided preoperative localization of small lung nodules with indocyanine green
Authors: Nagai Keisuke , Kuriyama Keiko , Inoue Atsuo , Yoshida Yuriko , Takami Koji
Published: October 2017

Background

Small, deep-seated lung nodules and sub-solid nodules are often difficult to locate without marking.

Purpose

To evaluate the success and complication rates associated with the use of indocyanine green (ICG) to localize pulmonary nodules before resection.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Informed consent for performing preoperative localization using ICG marking was obtained from all patients. Thirty-seven patients (14 men, 23 women; mean age = 63.1 years; age range = 10–82 years) with small peripheral pulmonary nodules underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided ICG marking immediately before surgery between March 2007 and June 2016. The procedural details and complication rates associated with ICG marking are described.

Results

The average nodule size and depth were 9.1 mm (range = 2–22 mm) and 9.9 mm (range = 0–33 mm), respectively. Marking was detected at the pleural surface in 35 patients (95%). Three cases of mild pneumothorax (8%), five cases of cough (14%), and one case of mild bloody sputum (3%) with no clinical significance were noted. There were no severe complications. The average duration required to perform the marking was 19.4 min (range = 12–41 min).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that CT-guided ICG marking is safe and useful for detecting the location of small pulmonary nodules preoperatively.
From compliance to co-production: Emergent forms of agency in Sustainable Wine Production in New Zealand
Authors: Rosin Christopher J , Legun Katharine A , Campbell Hugh , Sautier Marion
Published: October 2017

This article engages with non-human agency through the interrogation of the emerging role of metrics in the governance of sustainability in the New Zealand primary sector. In it, we argue that the agency of the metrics builds on previous work that has elaborated the impact of audited best practice on the subjectivities of producers and processors, including the recent examination of the active influence of metrics that engenders unexpected and uncontrolled change in social networks of production. In this case, the analysis of the influence of metrics shifts to those used within a recently introduced ‘learning’ tool (Wine Industry Sustainability Engine) that can be classified as an effort in transition management. The capacity of metrics as agents is already apparent in the perceived interactions and engagements with the Wine Industry Sustainability Engine tool as expressed by likely users during assessments of the usability of initial pilot software. Using their response, we demonstrate that, despite intentions to use the tool to foster particular sets of practices and ethics through benchmarking, the metrics have multiple roles in production worlds—compelling compliance to regulations, creating new ways to communicate complex relations and practices, and generating information for reflexive self-evaluation. Through these roles, we argue, metrics clearly operate as both a material and ontological non-human actor, expressed in different ways in different assemblages. This conclusion has implications for the application of transition management more broadly, and helps us to better understand what we want metrics to accomplish, what they can accomplish, and the possible gap between the two.
Glenn T. Trewartha’s The Earth’s Problem Climates (1961)
Authors: Dixon Richard W , Herbert Jonathan
Published: October 2017

The Earth’s Problem Climates used the ideas of dynamic and synoptic climatology to attempt to explain why certain areas of the world failed to conform to the classical paradigm of regional climatology. Anomalous areas of temperature and precipitation were cataloged and explained in terms of local variations in the landscape or circulation. Over four printings, the book was never thoroughly revised and as such failed to keep up to date to changes in the atmospheric sciences. Despite this failing, The Earth’s Problem Climates is an important bridge between classical regional climatology texts and the process focused texts of today.
CGRP receptor antagonist MK-8825 attenuates cortical spreading depression induced pain behavior
Authors: Filiz Aslı , Tepe Nermin , Eftekhari Sajedeh , Boran H Evren , Dilekoz Ergin , Edvinsson Lars , Bolay Hayrunnisa
Published: October 2017

Background and objective

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of selective calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist (MK-8825) on cortical spreading depression (CSD) induced pain behavior and anxiety in freely-moving rats, and neuronal activation in the correlated anatomical regions.

Methods

CSD was induced while keeping all meningeal layers and BBB intact and MK-8825 was administered in two different doses. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), arterial pressure and DC shift were recorded. Behavioral studies were conducted in freely-moving rats. Spontaneous behavior, mechanical allodynia, ultrasonic vocalization, and anxiety were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry of c-fos, CGRP, calcitonin receptor like-receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) were studied.

Results

MK-8825 did not block DC shifts in the cerebral cortex and accompanied hemodynamic response. CSD significantly induced freezing and grooming behavior in freely-moving rats. MK-8825 reversed increased episodes of freezing, grooming, wet dog shake and head shake behavior. MK-8825 increased CSD-induced reductions in von Frey thresholds, but did not change elevated plus maze results. MK-8825 blocked c-fos induction by CSD in the brainstem trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) and reticular nucleus of thalamus (TRN) but not in the amygdala. Immunofluorescence analysis showed no co-localization of CGRP, CLR or RAMP1 with c-fos positive cells.

Conclusion

CGRP receptor antagonist MK-8825 dose dependently attenuated CSD-induced trigeminal nerve mediated pain response without altering CSD waves and accompanied rCBF response. While blocking TNC activation, MK-8825 did not exert any effect on amygdala and anxiety behavior. CGRP receptor antagonists may also modulate thalamo-cortical gating.
A Prospective Evaluation of Femoral Tunnel Placement for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hart Adam , Sivakumaran Thiru , Burman Mark , Powell Tom , Martineau Paul A.
Published: October 2017

Background:

The recent emphasis on anatomic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is well supported by clinical and biomechanical research. Unfortunately, the location of the native femoral footprint can be difficult to see at the time of surgery, and the accuracy of current techniques to perform anatomic reconstruction is unclear.

Purpose:

To use 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) to prospectively evaluate patients with torn ACLs before and after reconstruction and thereby assess the accuracy of graft position on the femoral condyle.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Forty-one patients with unilateral ACL tears were recruited into the study. Each patient underwent 3D MRI of both the injured and uninjured knees before surgery. The contralateral (uninjured) knee was used to define the patient’s native footprint. Patients then underwent ACL reconstruction, and the injured knee underwent reimaging after surgery. The location and percentage overlap of the reconstructed femoral footprint were compared with the patient’s native footprint.

Results:

The center of the native ACL femoral footprint was a mean 12.0 ± 2.6 mm distal and 9.3 ± 2.2 mm anterior to the apex of the deep cartilage. The position of the reconstructed graft was significantly different, with a mean distance of 10.8 ± 2.2 mm distal ( P = .02) and 8.0 ± 2.3 mm anterior ( P = .01). The mean distance between the center of the graft and the center of the native ACL femoral footprint (error distance) was 3.6 ± 2.6 mm. Comparing error distances among the 4 surgeons demonstrated no significant difference ( P = .10). On average, 67% of the graft overlapped within the native ACL femoral footprint.

Conclusion:

Despite contemporary techniques and a concerted effort to perform anatomic ACL reconstruction by 4 experienced sports orthopaedic surgeons, the position of the femoral footprint was significantly different between the native and reconstructed ACLs. Furthermore, each surgeon used a different technique, but all had comparable errors in their tunnel placements.
Societal Costs of Micronutrient Deficiencies in 6- to 59-month-old Children in Pakistan
Authors: Wieser Simon , Brunner Beatrice , Tzogiou Christina , Plessow Rafael , Zimmermann Michael B. , Farebrother Jessica , Soofi Sajid , Bhatti Zaid , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: October 2017

Background:

In Pakistan, nearly half of children younger than 5 years are stunted, and 1 in 3 is underweight. Micronutrient deficiencies, a less visible form of undernutrition, are also endemic. They may lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as to impaired cognitive and physical development.

Objective:

To estimate the lifetime costs of micronutrient deficiencies in Pakistani children aged between 6 and 59 months.

Methods:

We develop a health economic model of the lifetime health and cost consequences of iodine, iron, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies. We assess medical costs, production losses in terms of future incomes lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The estimation is based on large population surveys, information on the health consequences of micronutrient deficiencies extracted from randomized trials, and a variety of other sources.

Results:

Total societal costs amount to US$46 million in medical costs, US$3,222 million in production losses, and 3.4 million DALYs. Costs are dominated by the impaired cognitive development induced by iron-deficiency anemia in 6- to 23-month-old children and the mortality caused by vitamin A deficiency. Costs are substantially higher in poorer households.

Conclusions:

Societal costs amounted to 1.44% of gross domestic product and 4.45% of DALYs in Pakistan in 2013. These costs hinder the country's development. They could be eliminated by improved nutrition of 6- to 59-month-old children and public health measures. Our results may contribute to the design of cost-effective interventions aiming to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in early childhood and their lifetime consequences.
Household Consumption of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato and its Associated Factors in Chipata District, Eastern Province Zambia
Authors: Sakala Patricia , Kunneke Ernesta , Faber Mieke
Published: October 2017

Background:

The Integrating Orange Project promotes production and consumption of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) to address vitamin A deficiency among rural populations of Zambia since 2011.

Objective:

This study assessed household production and consumption of OFSP and identified factors associated with consumption thereof in Integrating Orange Project areas in Chipata district, Zambia.

Methods:

Respondents of 295 randomly selected households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during the sweet potato harvest season. Associations between OFSP consumption and household factors were assessed using χ2 tests.

Results:

Frequency of OFSP consumption was categorized as ≥4 days during the last 7 days (30.2%), 1 to 3 days during the last 7 days (49.5%), eats OFSP but not during the last 7 days (7.1%), and never (13.2%). In total, 60.3% of households planted OFSP, and 40.0% bought OFSP, mostly from farmers within the community. Orange-fleshed sweet potato consumption was associated with the presence of children aged less than 5 years in the household ( P = .018), production of OFSP ( P < .001), purchasing of OFSP ( P < .001), and respondent having knowledge on health benefits of OFSP ( P = .014). Age and sex of the household head and household size had no association with OFSP consumption ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

A high percentage of households consumed OFSP during the harvesting season in Integrating Orange Project areas. Programs promoting OFSP consumption should thus focus on OFSP production and sensitizing households on nutritional benefits of OFSP and target households with children aged less than 5 years as entry point.
The Strengths and Challenges of Palliative Day-Care Centers
Authors: Vandaele Bieke , Chambaere Kenneth , Devisch Ignaas
Published: October 2017

Background:

Palliative day-care centers are a marginal service within the palliative care landscape. Relevant research on the potential and added value of this service model is lacking, and it may therefore be underappreciated.

Aim:

To examine how representatives of Belgian palliative day-care centers perceive their strengths and added value, as well as the biggest challenges to their survival.

Design:

Qualitative study of individual interviews and an overarching focus group. Data collection was performed from December 2014 to April 2015. Inductive coding was used to extract relevant themes from the verbatim transcripts.

Setting/Participants:

Participants were professional representatives of all 5 Flemish palliative day-care centers: 7 participants for the individual interviews and 6 participants for the focus group.

Results:

Five strengths were identified: (1) unique care model, (2) contact with peers in a nonclinical environment, (3) a reliable and competent multiprofessional team, (4) care tailored to the individual, and (5) respite for family caregivers. The most significant challenges were (1) optimizing government funding and (2) achieving sufficiently high occupancy and referral. According to interviewees, this latter challenge was due to the low visibility of the service to professionals and the public, unclear referral criteria, and the psychological threshold for referral among patients and professionals.

Conclusions:

Palliative day-care centers strive to provide unique services for patients with advanced illness. However, negotiating adequate funding and raising referral by changing current perceptions are paramount to unlocking their potential. Scientific analysis of cost utility and patient outcomes associated with their use is necessary.
“If I’m Going to Do It, I’m Going to Do It Right”: Intensive Mothering Ideologies among Childless Women Who Elect Egg Freezing
Authors: Myers Kit
Published: October 2017

Researchers have documented the dominance of intensive mothering ideologies and their impact on mothers and their families. However, the effect of these ideologies on childless women has received little attention. I draw on interview data to examine the parenting ideologies of childless women with electively frozen eggs. I demonstrate that incorporation of and commitment to intensive mothering ideologies affect fertility decision making among these childless women. I find that concerns about the heavy burdens of intensive motherhood, coupled with unsupportive partners and workplaces, produce ambivalence toward childbearing and a strategy of fertility postponement. I extend the literatures on intensive mothering, reproductive decision making, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), and elective egg freezing by identifying egg freezing as an expression of the gendering of fertility risk and as a means of “doing security.” Participants view egg freezing as a means of managing risk in two primary ways: as a means of securing access to biogenetic motherhood by managing biological risks of infertility and fetal genetic abnormality, and as a means of enabling intensive parenting by managing temporal risks inherent in coordinating careers, relationships, and childbearing.
Epidemiology and trends of cryptococcosis in the United States from 2000 to 2007: A population-based study
Authors: Shaheen Abdel AM , Somayaji Ranjani , Myers Robert , Mody Christopher H
Published: October 2017

Cryptococcal disease, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality but limited data exist on its incidence and impact. A study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000 to 2007 to examine the epidemiology and impact of cryptococcal disease in the United States was undertaken. The International Classification of Diseases 9th Version code was used to identify hospital discharges with diagnosis of Cryptococcus (117.5). Our primary outcome was the incidence rate of cryptococcal admissions. The impact of AIDS, age, and sex on hospitalization rates, mortality, and costs was assessed. The results showed that a total of 10,077 hospitalizations for cryptococcosis occurred corresponding to a weighted estimate of 49,010 cases. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range 34–54), and 26% were female. Approximately 64% of cases occurred in persons with AIDS. Although rates declined overall, age-adjusted rates were significantly higher in males with AIDS than in uninfected persons (p < 0.001). The mortality rate decreased but was greater in HIV-uninfected versus infected cohorts (12% versus 10%, p < 0.001). Conversely, hospital costs were greater in persons with AIDS ($40,671 versus $40,096, p=0.02). Although cryptococcal disease rates are decreasing over time, the associated mortality and costs remain concerning.
When Your Kind Cannot Live Here: How Generic Language and Criminal Sanctions Shape Social Categorization
Authors: Goldfarb Deborah , Lagattuta Kristin Hansen , Kramer Hannah J. , Kennedy Katie , Tashjian Sarah M.
Published: October 2017

Using generic language to describe groups (applying characteristics to entire categories) is ubiquitous and affects how children and adults categorize other people. Five-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults ( N = 190) learned about a novel social group that separated into two factions (citizens and noncitizens). Noncitizens were described in either generic or specific language. Later, the children and adults categorized individuals in two contexts: criminal (individuals labeled as noncitizens faced jail and deportation) and noncriminal (labeling had no consequences). Language genericity influenced decision making. Participants in the specific-language condition, but not those in the generic-language condition, reduced the rate at which they identified potential noncitizens when their judgments resulted in criminal penalties compared with when their judgments had no consequences. In addition, learning about noncitizens in specific language (vs. generic language) increased the amount of matching evidence participants needed to identify potential noncitizens (preponderance standard) and decreased participants’ certainty in their judgments. Thus, generic language encourages children and adults to categorize individuals using a lower evidentiary standard regardless of negative consequences for presumed social-group membership.
The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning About Personal Conflicts
Authors: Huynh Alex C. , Oakes Harrison , Shay Garrett R. , McGregor Ian
Published: October 2017

Most people can reason relatively wisely about others’ social conflicts, but often struggle to do so about their own (i.e., Solomon’s paradox). We suggest that true wisdom should involve the ability to reason wisely about both others’ and one’s own social conflicts, and we investigated the pursuit of virtue as a construct that predicts this broader capacity for wisdom. Results across two studies support prior findings regarding Solomon’s paradox: Participants ( N = 623) more strongly endorsed wise-reasoning strategies (e.g., intellectual humility, adopting an outsider’s perspective) for resolving other people’s social conflicts than for resolving their own. The pursuit of virtue (e.g., pursuing personal ideals and contributing to other people) moderated this effect of conflict type. In both studies, greater endorsement of the pursuit of virtue was associated with greater endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies for one’s own personal conflicts; as a result, participants who highly endorsed the pursuit of virtue endorsed wise-reasoning strategies at similar levels for resolving their own social conflicts and resolving other people’s social conflicts. Implications of these results and underlying mechanisms are explored and discussed.
Lord Nelson’s (1758–1805) left eye
Authors: Pryse-Phillips William
Published: October 2017

Summary

Following the loss of his right eye at Calvi in 1794, Lord Nelson suffered increasing left-sided visual loss, here considered most likely to have been due to the ocular inflammatory condition ‘sympathetic ophthalmia’. It is also argued that his succeeding episodes of violent headaches with nausea and prostration, and possible depigmentation of hair, reflected the development of an uveomeningoencephalitic syndrome akin to that of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease, which is best regarded as the same condition with a different aetiology.
Henry Wade (1876–1955), pioneer of urological surgery, museum conservator and war veteran
Authors: Gardner Dugald
Published: October 2017

Henry Wade graduated in the Edinburgh Medical School in 1898 before spending two years with the British army during the Anglo-Boer war. Returning to this country, he joined Francis Caird, surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Appointed Conservator of the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Wade met young William Ford Robertson. In a study of experimental cancer they concluded that some neoplasms were caused by bacteria. Wade became increasingly recognised as an authority in urology. His growing practice was interrupted by the First World War. Already a member of the Royal Army Medical Corps, he served for five years in the Middle East, in Gallipoli and then with the army in an approach to Jerusalem. Resuming civilian life, Wade combined an extensive urological practice with membership of the Council of the RCSEd. He became President in 1935. Married in 1924, his wife died four years later after an operation by a colleague, David Wilkie. Director of Surgery to the Scottish Emergency Medical Service when the Second World War broke out, Wade was made a Knight Bachelor in 1946. He died in 1955.
Behavioural Responses to Corporate Image Building Through Social Media Advertising: A Study Among Nairobi Students
Authors: Amegbe Hayford , Owino Joseph Odhiambo , Kerubo Oeba Linet
Published: October 2017

Social media advertising (SMA) is burgeoning and of great importance to both practitioners and academicians to understand how to build a corporate image (CI). The present study examined how organizations in Kenya build their CI through SMA and how consumers respond and behave towards it. This study purely relied on structured questionnaires, which were administered to research subjects. In all, 512 students were part of the survey. The data was first keyed into EpiData 13.0 software and then exported to Stata for quantitative analysis. The researchers used Stata in the data analysis because of their familiarity with the software in analysing data. The findings show that consumers have a favourable response towards SMA of companies in Kenya, which suggest that they can help companies build a good CI. This research has theoretical as well as practical value for the research community and managers. From a developing country perspective, understanding how to build CI, SMA and consumer response (CR) would be critical for both local and foreign firms. This knowledge will enable companies to craft effective marketing strategies on social media in meeting consumers’ needs.
Coping planning: a patient-centred and strengths-focused approach to suicide prevention training
Authors: Stallman Helen M
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

Suicide is a leading cause of premature death and, despite significant investment, the prevalence rate has remained relatively stable for more than a decade. Theoretically, the use of ‘safety planning’ as a response to suicidality likely maintains suicide as a potential solution for vulnerable people. This paper describes a theoretically-supported paradigm shift from safety planning to ‘coping planning’ to improve patient outcomes and improve the confidence and competence of clinicians working with people with suicidality.

Conclusions:

Coping planning is a strategy used to support people with acute distress. Its components of ‘caring’, ‘collaborating’ and ‘connecting’ reinforce existing strengths, promote self-efficacy and link people with more intensive supports, as needed. Coping planning overcomes the limitations of existing approaches. It reframes suicide prevention from managing patients disclosing suicidality to ensuring patients have minimally sufficient temporary support to help them cope. This approach has the potential to promote coping self-efficacy and prevent deterioration that leads to suicide.
An audit of the management of nicotine withdrawal in an Australian inpatient unit: are we there yet?
Authors: Iyer Reena , Smith David , Lawn Sharon
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

This paper reports outcomes of a clinical audit of smoke-free policy implementation within an Australian inpatient psychiatric setting. It aimed to evaluate assessment of smoking status and subsequent management of nicotine withdrawal, and investigate any patient factors influencing these processes.

Methods:

A total of 67 medical case notes were retrospectively analysed for inpatients admitted to psychiatric units of a general hospital in South Australia, from July to September 2015. Patient demographic variables and information from the hospital’s Smoking Assessment and Management Form (SAMF) were recorded. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests of association between dependent variables (how the SAMF was completed) and independent variables (sex, voluntary status, diagnosis).

Results:

The SAMF was implemented for most patients (76.1%), with 64.71% completed within 24 hours of admission; though, many were incomplete. Nicotine dependence was not properly assessed for 42.3% of smokers; 69.23% were prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), despite most scoring moderate to high nicotine dependence. No statistically significant relationships were found between patient factors and form completion.

Conclusions:

SAMF completion was timely for most patients; however, sections important for determining support actions remained largely incomplete, suggesting patients’ nicotine withdrawal is not being adequately addressed. More work is needed to improve inpatient staff’s assessment to ensure optimal care.
Phylogroup and virulence gene association with clinical characteristics of Escherichia coli urinary tract infections from dogs and cats
Authors: Hutton Tabitha A. , Innes Gabriel K. , Harel Josée , Garneau Philippe , Cucchiara Andrew , Schifferli Dieter M. , Rankin Shelley C.
Published: October 2017

Escherichia coli isolates from infections outside the gastrointestinal tract are termed extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and can be divided into different subpathotypes; one of these is uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). The frequency with which UPEC strains cause urinary tract infections in dogs and cats is not well documented. We used an oligonucleotide microarray to characterize 60 E. coli isolates associated with the urinary tract of dogs ( n = 45) and cats ( n = 15), collected from 2004 to 2007, into ExPEC and UPEC and to correlate results with patient clinical characteristics. Microarray analysis was performed, and phylogroup was determined by a quadruplex PCR assay. Isolates that were missing 1 or 2 of the gene determinants representative of a function (capsule, iron uptake related genes, or specific adhesins) were designated as “non-classifiable” by microarray. Phylogroup B2 was positively associated with the UPEC subpathotype ( p < 0.0005) and negatively associated with “non-classifiable” isolates ( p < 0.0005). Phylogroup D was positively associated with ExPEC pathotype ( p = 0.025) and negatively associated with UPEC subpathotype ( p = 0.014). The ExPEC pathotype was positively associated with hospitalization for one or more days ( p = 0.031). The UPEC subpathotype was negatively associated with previous antimicrobial therapy ( p = 0.045) and previous hospitalization within the 3 mo prior to the positive culture ( p = 0.041). The UPEC subpathotype was positively associated with prostatitis ( p = 0.073) and negatively associated with current immunosuppressive therapy ( p = 0.090). Our results indicate that the case history observations may be critically important during the interpretation of laboratory results to encourage judicious use of antimicrobials.
The Relationships Between Hindrance Stressors, Problem Drinking, and Somatic Complaints at Work
Authors: Mackey Jeremy D. , Perrewé Pamela L.
Published: October 2017

Problem drinking is an important behavioral phenomenon with numerous implications for employees’ health and well-being within and outside the workplace. Although recent research has demonstrated that workplace stressors have effects on employees’ problem drinking, additional research is needed to examine the role employees’ problem drinking plays in the workplace stress–strain process. We draw from the transactional model of stress and the self-medication hypothesis to address this gap in prior research by offering a novel explanation for the indirect effects of hindrance stressors on employees’ somatic complaints at work through problem drinking. Overall, we find support for the hypothesized model using a time-separated data collection with a heterogeneous sample of employee respondents from the United States ( n = 223). This study extends prior stress research by making two important contributions to theory and research. First, we make an empirical contribution by examining problem drinking and somatic complaints at work, which are both understudied organizational phenomena that have importance to numerous organizational stakeholders. Second, we draw from the transactional model of stress and the self-medication hypothesis in a novel way that provides an important explanation for why hindrance stressors in the workplace are indirectly associated with somatic complaints at work through employees’ use of problem drinking as a self-medication coping mechanism.
Prospective Evaluation of Structural Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talar Shoulder
Authors: Adams Samuel B. , Dekker Travis J. , Schiff Adam P. , Gross Christopher P. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Structural or bulk osteochondral allograft transplantation for shoulder talar osteochondral lesions as a salvage procedure has demonstrated efficacy in several retrospective reviews. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively patients who received fresh structural allograft transplantation to the talus.

Methods:

Prospective evaluation of a consecutive series of patients who underwent fresh structural allograft transplantation for an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) was performed. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) and plain radiographs were obtained on all patients. The following patient-reported outcomes questionnaires were administered preoperatively and yearly after surgery: 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, Short Form 36 (SF-36), and the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA). Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were assessed for allograft incorporation and subsequent arthritis. Fourteen patients with an average age of 40 years (range, 18-69) and a mean follow-up of 55 months (range, 24-97) underwent structural fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation to the talar shoulder.

Results:

The average size of the OLT was 2269 mm3 (range, 813-8366) based on CT imaging and 5797 mm3 (range, 1136-12 489) based on MRI imaging. There was significant ( P < .05) improvement in the VAS pain, AOFAS scale, SF-36, and SMFA scores. Five (36%) of the patients required additional surgery for pain and stiffness. Two patients had cartilage delamination and were considered treatment failures. Therefore, the success rate was 86% (12/14).

Conclusion:

Significant improvement in pain and function was achieved with structural allograft transplantation for large OLTs at midterm follow-up. This was a safe and effective treatment option in this small series for large OLTs.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, prospective case series.
Weightbearing CT Scan Assessment of Foot Alignment in Patients With Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Cheung Zoe B. , Myerson Mark S. , Tracey Joseph , Vulcano Ettore
Published: October 2017

Background:

An association between hallux rigidus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has been suggested, although there remains no general consensus about the nature of this relationship. Past studies were limited due to inaccuracies of assessing MPE on 2-dimensional radiographs. The aims of this study were to (1) assess and compare foot alignment in patients with and without hallux rigidus using 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from weightbearing computed tomography (CT) and (2) assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability of these measurements.

Methods:

A prospective study was performed in 50 consecutive patients with symptomatic hallux rigidus and 50 control patients who underwent a weightbearing CT. Two investigators measured first and second metatarsal declination angles, first and second metatarsal lengths, first to second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), and foot width on 3D CT reconstructions. Measurements were repeated after 1 month. Student t tests were performed to compare hallux rigidus and control groups. Intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate reliability.

Results:

The first to second metatarsal declination ratio was less in patients with hallux rigidus (mean, 0.81) than controls (mean, 0.92; P < .001). Patients with Coughlin and Shurnas grade 3 and 4 hallux rigidus had greater first metatarsal declination than patients with grade 1 and 2 hallux rigidus. Last, IMA was higher (mean, 13 degrees) but HVA was lower (mean, 11 degrees) in patients with hallux rigidus than controls (IMA mean, 12 degrees; HVA mean, 15 degrees; P = .04). Intraobserver (ICC1,1 ≥ 0.93) and interobserver (ICC3,1 ≥ 0.85) reliability were good to excellent for all measured parameters.

Conclusions:

Patients with hallux rigidus had MPE. Patients with grade 3 and 4 hallux rigidus had more MPE than patients with grade 1 and 2 hallux rigidus. There was no clear correlation between hallux rigidus and bunions. Finally, weightbearing CT proved to be a reliable method of assessing all measured parameters.

Level of Evidence:

II, prospective comparative series.
Doing Autoethnography: Facing Challenges, Taking Choices, Accepting Responsibilities
Authors: Winkler Ingo
Published: October 2017

In this article, I address six particular challenges that autoethnographers may face during their journey to understand how culture flows through the self while the self flows through culture. I ask how autoethnographers zoom into personal lives while staying focused on the study of culture, whether they should prefer hard data or soft impressions, to what extent autoethnography can be done collaboratively, whether evocative autoethnography is better than the analytic one, whether we own the stories that we tell in our texts, and in what way autoethnographers are either self-indulged narcissists or self-reflexive and vulnerable scholars. Addressing these challenges, I refer to the existing literature to illuminate the choices that autoethnographers have and to elaborate on the responsibility that they have for others and themselves, alike.
Mapping Consequential Geographies in the Carceral State: Education Journey Mapping as a Qualitative Method With Girls of Color With Dis/abilities
Authors: Annamma Subini Ancy
Published: October 2017

This article provides an innovative critical qualitative method framed in Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) that mapped the experiences of those at the margins through a sociospatial dialectic. I first applied a sociospatial dialectic to the school–prison nexus. Next, I introduced Education Journey Mapping, a critical qualitative method that centered students of color with dis/abilities in the research process, as one way to rupture notions of normalcy in research. Finally, I analyzed a set of Education Journey Maps that incarcerated girls of color with dis/abilities created to highlight the multidimensional value of these counter-cartographies in understanding consequential geographies.
Work/Think/Play in Qualitative and Postqualitative Inquiry
Authors: Hughes Hilary E. , Bridges-Rhoads Sarah , Van Cleave Jessica
Published: October 2017

In this article, we introduce the special issue on work/think/play in qualitative and postqualitative inquiry. Our aim for the issue is to open up conversations about what does happen, what can happen, and/or what should happen in the name of qualitative and postqualitative inquiry. We hope that the issue raises methodological questions in qualitative and postqualitative inquiry about ways of being in the world as researchers—and most specifically, the need to keep raising questions rather than finding answers as we make and remake the field.
National Comparisons of Rape Myth Acceptance Predictors Between Nonathletes and Athletes From Multi-Institutional Settings
Authors: Navarro John C. , Tewksbury Richard
Published: October 2017

Athletes are cited as common perpetrators of sexual victimization and are at greater risk of becoming offenders compared with nonathletes. Demographic, lifestyle, and social characteristics of 624 nonathletes and 101 athletes from 21 U.S. Division I postsecondary educational institutions were assessed, with the updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale gauging endorsement of rape myths. Results indicate that athletes and nonathletes were similar in the degree of rape myth acceptance, with athletes reporting stronger agreement with rape myths than nonathletes did. Predictors of rape myth acceptance among nonathletes are multidimensional. In contrast, nondemographic characteristics like Greek membership, the number of alcoholic beverages consumed, and knowing a sexual assault victim predict rape myth acceptance for athletes, with gender not predicting rape myth acceptance nor different between genders of athletes. Policy implications and future research are discussed.
Comparison of the Schirmer tear test I values after placement in ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices in healthy cats
Authors: Aftab Ghazal , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Faghihi Houman
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare the Schirmer tear test I values obtained from placement of Schirmer tear test (STT) strips in ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices and to investigate any correlation between age, body weight and STT values in clinically normal cats.

Methods

Twenty-eight intact adult domestic shorthair and Persian cats were used in this study. The cats were gently physically restrained in a sternal position, and a Schirmer tear strip was placed on each eye in the ventral conjunctival fornix at one-third of the distance from the temporal to nasal canthus for 60 s. Then, the wetted portion of the strips was measured as mm/min (L-STT I). After 48 h, the same procedure was performed on each eye in the dorsal conjunctival fornix (U-STT I).

Results

Mean ± SD STT values of the ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices were 20.80 ± 2.25 mm/min (range 14–25 mm/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.92–21.67) and 18.28 ± 2.27 mm/min (range 15–22 mm/min; 95% CI 17.39–19.16) in all of the study population, respectively. A significant difference was found between STT values obtained from the ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices ( P <0.001). There was no correlation between the age and body weight of the animals and STT I values.

Conclusions and relevance

This study compared the STT I values of the dorsal and ventral conjunctival fornices in cats. The difference was significant between the L-STT I and U-STT I values; however, the L-STT I and U-STT I values were within normal reference intervals. The U-STT I data have diagnostic value that might be of benefit in cases where there is a problem in the ventral conjunctival fornix.
Toward a slow criminology of sociotechnical orderings: A tale of many youth repellents
Authors: Savoie Patrick , Dufresne Martin , Robert Dominique
Published: October 2017

Taking the material turn can contribute to renewing the discipline and sustaining the development of a slow criminology. Treating objects as mediators and acknowledging their ontological multiplicities protect us from our reflex to condemn rather than analyze them. Using the example of the ‘youth repellent’, we document three of its instantiations: a spatial fluidity device; a pain delivery mechanism; and an environmental pollution agent. This exploration forces us to expand the borders of the discipline to embrace others such as audiology and epidemiology. While these detours slow our analysis, they are the price we must pay for doing justice to the messiness of the human and non-human associations that constitute the fabric of our world.
Cohen’s community
Authors: Hodgson Louis-Philippe
Published: October 2017

Does the kind of socialist ideal articulated by G. A. Cohen in Why Not Socialism? add anything substantial to the Rawlsian conception of justice? Is it an ideal that Rawlsians should want to take on board, or is it ultimately foreign to their outlook? I defend a mixed answer to these questions. On the one hand, we shouldn’t underestimate the extent to which Rawls's theory already addresses the concerns that motivate Cohen’s appeal to the socialist ideal. Within the bounds of a society living up to Rawls’s two principles of justice, I maintain, there would be little room left for an ideal of social relations to do any independent work. On the other hand, Cohen’s ideal may still have an important role to play within Rawlsian theory – not within the confines of a given society but on the international stage, beyond the liberal state as we know it. This asymmetry between the domestic and the international case stems from the fact that Rawls's principles of justice apply in full strength only at the domestic level. Because the principles of justice that hold at the international level are less demanding, I contend, they leave space for the socialist ideal to play a significant role.
Green death: sustainability and the administration of the dead
Authors: Krupar Shiloh R
Published: October 2017

This article explores changing American death care – the handling of the dead body and its materiality beyond death – in the context of US-based power relations over administration of human remains. The article briefly surveys efforts to make the afterlife of the dead more ‘sustainable’. I argue that this expanding governance entails intensified bioremediation: the reuse and reprocessing of dead bodies/parts, intensified forms of material-biological extraction, and the conversion of afterlife to forms of biovalue beyond death. First, some disposal efforts encourage an economy of body/parts and a utilitarian ethic of ‘no remains’. Accordingly, the afterlife is not ‘the end’ but a renewable material resource and opportunity to economize the body in death and put the dead body to work. Second, a range of practices now reimagine death as an opportunity for personal legacy and redeem the dead body’s decomposition as natural/as part of the natural world. Bioremediation in this case conceptually recuperates death into life so that death is not wasted; instead, the corpse serves as a material input for nature and a vehicle for personal ‘biopresence’. The article then considers some of the paradoxes and costs of greening the dead and outlines future research directions that might advance our understanding of the ways new sustainable disposal and commemorative technologies of the dead entrench racism and impact civil, consumer, and environmental rights. How bodies affect our environments today will impact people and landscapes in years to come. Because US governance of the dead has historically entailed the differential treatment of bodies after life, the article critically reflects on ‘death equity’ issues that operate across the living and the dead. The article concludes by querying how conduct for the dead might advance social justice through a material politics of human remains.
The History of Social Marketing in Europe
Authors: Merritt R. K. , Kamin T. , Hussenöder F. , Huibregtsen J.
Published: October 2017

This article presents the ways in which social marketing has been used in Europe, the contribution it has made to tackling major health issues, and the challenges it has faced. The extent to which social marketing is used varies greatly across Europe, although the past decade has seen a rise in EU-wide funded Social Marketing Programs. Despite the inconsistent and rather sporadic use of social marketing in Europe, some of the European aid organizations continue to fund numerous social marketing programs in developing countries. The European social marketing community need to continue to work together to promote its value and gain continued political buy-in for the discipline.