bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penulis Loh Batu Kedua Sepuluh Perintah Allah
Authors: Permana Rubyantara Jalu , Zaluchu Sonny Eli
Published: May 2020

The literal differences found in the text of Exodus 34 verses 1 and 28 can trigger accusations of Bible inconsistency. In fact, in the Christian view, the Bible is a book that cannot be wrong or inner. Evangelical Christian beliefs assert that the Bible contains God's word and God's word itself. If there are differences and inconsistencies in the Bible, is that an indicator to deduce the low credibility of truth in the Christian scriptures? This study aims to answer that question through a hermeneutic and theological analysis of the differences in texts in Exodus 34 or 1 and verse 28, about who actually wrote the two new tablets. God as referred to verse 1 or Moses as read in verse 28. In addition to conducting text analysis, the author also uses the source approach and theological concepts. As a result, verse 28 actually legitimizes verse 1 that God himself wrote the law. This perspective also confirms that the search for the meaning of texts in context does not merely involve a grammatical approach.
Kajian Onomastika Teks Perjanjian Baru mengenai Transmisi Nama Diri di dalam Alkitab
Authors: Jatmiko Bakhoh
Published: May 2020

Alkitab memuat ribuan nama diri di dalamnya. Setiap nama yang dipresentasikan di dalam Alkitab hampir selalu melekat dengan pesan dan makna yang ada di baliknya. Kajian onomastika biblikal adalah penelitian linguistik dengan obyek nama-nama di dalam Alkitab. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan linguistik historis komparatif terhadap nama-nama di dalam teks Perjanjian Baru. Kajian di dalam artikel ini menemukan berbagai pendekatan yang dilakukan penulis asli Perjanjian Baru dalam meredaksi nama-nama pribadi yang di dalamnya, yaitu : transliterasi, translasi, absorpsi – helenisasi, pemberian julukan atau kognomen, ekuivalensi dan penggunaan nama panggilan atau hipokoristik. Temuan di dalam artikel ini berguna sebagai referensi di dalam berbagai diskursus yang berkaitan dengan nama diri di dalam Alkitab khususnya bagi kelompok Sacred Name Movement dan berbagai variannya.
«Окно в Европу» в культурной памяти: метаморфозы фронтирной метафоры
Authors: Artamonov Denis S.
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящается проблеме конструирования представлений о петровской эпохе при помощи метафоры «окно в Европу». Данная метафора с момента своего появления означала преодоление культурных границ между Россией и Европой, разрушенных реформаторской деятельностью Петра I. Она отражала мифологическое восприятие образа российского императора, возродившего страну из небытия. Стереотипное восприятие России после петровских реформ в Западной Европе способствовало рождению рассматриваемой метафоры, ставшей известной из сочинения Ф. Альгаротти. Его фраза, ставшая популярной, была использована А. С. Пушкиным в стихотворении «Медный всадник», в котором в поэтической форме описывается мифологизированный образ Петра I. Пушкинская метафора закрепила в коллективной памяти мифологическое восприятие петровских преобразований, как преодоление культурного фронтира между цивилизованной Европой и варварской Россией. Трансформации метафоры в различные исторические периоды не изменяли ее основных характеристик, наоборот, вариации только еще больше укореняли петровские мифы в культурной памяти. «Окно в Европу» как метафора использовалась и в положительном, и отрицательном контекстах, описывающих процесс российского и европейского взаимовлияния. В современную цифровую эпоху она продолжает оставаться актуальной. Сохранив незримую связь с образом Петра I, созданного поэтом, метафора стала эффективным инструментом конструирования прошлого.
Smartphone tapping vs. handwriting: A comparison of writing medium
Authors: Lee Bradford J.
Published: May 2020

Mobile-learning (m-learning), or mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), has been the object of a great deal of research over the last twenty years. However, empirical work in this area has largely failed to produce generalizable conclusions due to variation in methodology, target feature, and task-type (Burston, 2014, 2015). As schools in Japan begin to join the growing number of classrooms worldwide using mobile-based assignments, this study examined how Japanese EFL students’ writing task production differed depending on writing medium (i.e., handwritten on paper vs. tapped on a smartphone). Writing samples were collected from N = 1,449 participants, divided into smartphone- or paper-based groups, across a spectrum of English proficiencies. Handwritten submissions were found to be significantly longer than those composed on a smartphone (p < .001, d = .54), with differences being more pronounced for learners of higher proficiency than lower ones. Significance and effect sizes steadily dropped from p < .001, d = .66 for advanced learners to p = .168, d = .38 for beginners. These results indicate that care must be taken in designing m-learning activities, and that students must be given adequate training in smartphone-input skills (i.e., tapping) and time to acclimate before using such tasks for high-stakes assessments.
Análisis de facies en depósitos de grano fino asociados a flujos de fango. Formación Vaca Muerta (Tithoniano-Valanginiano), Cuenca Neuquina central, Argentina
Authors: Otharán Germán , Zavala Carlos , Arcuri Mariano , Di Meglio Mariano , Zorzano Agustín , Marchal Denis , Köhler Guillermina
Published: May 2020

The conventional sedimentological model suggests that the accumulation of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks (
Arquitectura estratigráfica, paleogeografía y proveniencia sedimentaria de las rocas cenozoicas del sur de Perú (Tacna, 18° S)
Authors: Alvan Aldo A. , Bustamante Yacory F. , Sánchez Elvis A. , Mamani Mirian I.
Published: May 2020

The Cenozoic rocks lying in the Province of Tacna (18° S), southern Perú, represent approximately 600 m of stratigraphic thickness. This stacking groups the Sotillo (Paleocene), Moquegua Inferior (Eocene), Moquegua Superior (Oligocene), Huaylillas (Miocene) and Millo formations (Pliocene), and these are the sedimentary fill of the Moquegua Basin. The sediments of the three latter formations are organized into nine sedimentary facies and five architectural elements. Their facies associations suggest the existence of an ancient highly channelized multi-lateral fluvial braided system, with upward increase of pyroclastic and conglomeratic depositions. The heavy mineral spectra make each lithostratigraphic unit unique and distinguishable, being the sediments of the Moquegua Superior Formation rich in garnets, titanites and zircons; while the sediments of the Huaylillas and Millo formations in clinopyroxenes. This mineral arrangement becomes an excellent tool for stratigraphic correlations between outcrops and subsurface stratigraphy (by means of well cores studies) and allow to sketch out a new stratigraphic framework and a complex of rocky blocks bounded by normal faults, often tilted. The sediment mineralogy also suggests that the rocks conforming the Western Cordillera were the main source of sediments for the Moquegua Basin in Tacna. In this context, the detritus of the Moquegua Superior Formation derives mainly from the erosion of the rocks forming the Coastal Basal Complex (Proterozoic), the Ambo Group (Carboniferous) and the Junerata/Chocolate Formation (Early Jurassic). The Huaylillas Formation is a pyroclastic and sedimentary unit which components derived mainly from the Huaylillas volcanism (Miocene) and partly from the denudation of the Toquepala Group (Late Cretaceous). The Huaylillas Formation widely contrasts to the underlying Moquegua Superior Formation due its mineralogy and facies. Finally, the detritus of the Millo Formation derived mostly from the rocks forming the Barroso Formation (Pliocene), and their facies represent a higher contrast in relation to the underlying units due its notorious conglomerate facies.
Morphometry and spatial distribution of glacial cirques in the Western Fuegian Andes of Argentina, southernmost South America
Authors: Oliva Lucas , Cioccale Marcela A. , Rabassa Jorge O.
Published: May 2020

Glacial cirques comprise a distinctive element of relief in alpine landscapes, and their morphometry, distribution and spatial arrangement are generally linked to morphoclimatic factors. This study provides an analysis of morphometric characteristics, floor altitude, aspect and distribution of 251 first-order and 99 "inner" cirques with regard to environmental agents in a selected alpine-type area of the southwestern Fuegian Andes, in Southern Argentina. Parametric variables were extracted and quantified from satellite images and a Digital Elevation Model, and integrated to a Geographical Information System for their systematization and processing. Significant associations were identified between the different geometric and spatial parameters evaluated. Variability in cirque morphometry along the study area suggests that their evolution was regulated to a large degree by glacial dynamics related to Beagle palaeoglacier activity, and by the W-E topographic gradient of the mountain section. The record indicates that most cirques in the Fuegian Andes have undergone allometric enlargement in the three dimensions (i.e., lesser vertical erosion compared to walls' horizontal expansion), with local variations in size and shape controlled by ice residence time, aspect and altitude, whereas geological structure is supposed to have affected cirque formation along the entire mountain chain. Cirque azimuth potentially responds to the combined influence of climate (solar radiation and westerly winds), structure (pervasive faulting and rock bedding) and topography in their development. In particular, dominance of southeasterly aspects is interpreted as a consequence of a relatively cloud-free atmosphere and aridity during past glacial periods in the region, consistently with published evidence. The absence of aspect-related variation in cirque floor altitude is considered to indicate incidence of extensive glaciations in the area (i.e., mostly ice-sheet conditions, with mountain peaks far above the regional equilibrium line altitude or ELA), as well as formation of younger, lower cirques during successive cold periods of different intensity. Occurrence of "inner" cirques inside larger (preexisting) cirques is thought to reflect a temporary positioning of the ELA just above the floor of the container cirque, permitting short-lived, small cirque-type glaciers to develop along structural bedrock weaknesses.
Modern American Drama: Playwriting in the 1990s
Authors: Black Cheryl , Friedman Sharon
Published: May 2020

The Decades of Modern American Playwriting series provides a comprehensive survey and study of the theatre produced in each decade from the 1930s to 2009 in eight volumes. Each volume equips readers with a detailed understanding of the context from which work emerged: an introduction considers life in the decade with a focus on domestic life and conditions, social changes, culture, media, technology, industry and political events; while a chapter on the theatre of the decade offers a wide-ranging and thorough survey of theatres, companies, dramatists, new movements and developments in response to the economic and political conditions of the day. The work of the four most prominent playwrights from the decade receives in-depth analysis and re-evaluation by a team of experts, together with commentary on their subsequent work and legacy. A final section brings together original documents such as interviews with the playwrights and with directors, drafts of play scenes, and other previously unpublished material.

The major playwrights and their plays to receive in-depth coverage in this volume include:Tony Kushner: Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, Part One and Part Two (1991), Slavs! Thinking About the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and Happiness (1995) and A Dybbuk, or Between Two Worlds (1997);Paula Vogel: Baltimore Waltz (1992), The Mineola Twins (1996) and How I Learned to Drive (1997); Suzan-Lori Parks: The Death of the Last Black Man in the Whole Entire World (1990), The America Play (1994) and Venus (1996);Terrence McNally: Lips Together, Teeth Apart (1991), Love! Valour! Compassion! (1997) and Corpus Christi (1998).
Understanding cryogenic frost point hygrometer measurements after contamination by mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Jorge Teresa , Brunamonti Simone , Poltera Yann , Wienhold Frank G. , Luo Bei P. , Oelsner Peter , Hanumanthu Sreeharsha , Sing Bhupendra B. , Körner Susanne , Dirksen Ruud , Naja Manish , Fadnavis Suvarna , Peter Thomas
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Balloon-borne water vapour measurements in the (sub)tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) by means of frost point hygrometers provide important information on air chemistry and climate. However, the risk of contamination from sublimating hydrometeors collected by the intake tube may render these measurements difficult, particularly after crossing low clouds containing supercooled droplets. A large set of measurements during the 2016–2017 StratoClim balloon campaigns at the southern slopes of the Himalayas allows us to perform an in-depth analysis of this type of contamination. We investigate the efficiency of wall-contact and freezing of supercooled droplets in the intake tube and the subsequent sublimation in the UTLS using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). We find that the airflow can enter the intake tube with impingement angles up to 60°, owing to the pendulum motion of the payload. Supercooled droplets with radii > 70 μm, as they frequently occur in mid-tropospheric clouds, typically undergo contact freezing when entering the intake tube, whereas only about 50 % of droplets with 10 μm radius freeze, and droplets  100 ppmv) in the stratosphere. Furthermore, we use CFD to differentiate between stratospheric water vapour contamination by an icy intake tube and contamination caused by outgassing from the balloon and payload, revealing that the latter starts playing a role only at high altitudes (p
Micro- and nano-porosity of the active Alpine Fault zone, New Zealand
Authors: Kirilova Martina , Toy Virginia , Sauer Katrina , Renard François , Gessner Klaus , Wirth Richard , Xiao Xianghui
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Porosity reduction in rocks from a fault core can cause fluid overpressure, and consequently influence the recurrence time of earthquakes. We investigated the porosity distribution in the New Zealand's Alpine Fault core in samples recovered during the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1B) by using two-dimensional nanoscale and three-dimensional microscale imaging. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography-derived analyses of open pore spaces show total microscale porosities in the range of 0.1 to 0.24 %. These pores have mainly non-spherical, elongated, flat shapes and show subtle bipolar orientation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that nanoscale pores ornament grain boundaries of the gouge material, especially clay minerals. Our data implies that: (i) the distribution of clay minerals controls the shape and orientation of the associated pores; (ii) porosity was reduced due to pressure solution processes; and (iii) mineral precipitation in fluid-filled pores can affect the mechanical behaviour of the Alpine Fault by decreasing the already critically low total porosity of the fault core, causing fluid overpressure, and/or introducing weak mineral phases, and thus lowering the overall fault frictional strength. We conclude that the current state of porosity in the Alpine Fault core is likely to play a key role in the initiation of the next fault rupture.
Luoghi “pubblici” e donne “ai margini”: un’attrice a Catania romana
Authors: Arena Gaetano
Published: May 2020

Un epitaffio, rinvenuto a Catania intorno al 1731, menziona la mimas Aphrodito, moglie di Eutychus. Il mimo consisteva in uno spettacolo incentrato su parodie mitologiche o, più di frequente, su intrecci erotici, era una sorta di “farsa” recitata da più attori accompagnati da coristi e musicisti e soprattutto connotata dalla bellezza, spesso generosamente esibita, di attrici e danzatrici, che potevano raggiungere considerevole fama e conseguire elevati guadagni. Il marchio dell’infamia, però, colpiva le mimae, equiparate dalla legge alle prostitute: per tale ragione l’utilizzo della prestigiosa lingua latina da parte di individui dal nome grecanico non autorizza a pensare ad un’effettiva integrazione di Aphrodito all’interno della società di Catina. Da un canto l’interesse per il restauro e l’ampliamento del corredo urbanistico della città etnea, soprattutto nel corso del II secolo e, in particolare, per gli edifici adibiti agli spettacoli, dall’altro l’attenzione specificamente rivolta dagli imperatori adottivi agli attori e agli spettacoli di mimo consentono di ipotizzare una datazione dell’iscrizione di Aphrodito all’età degli Antonini.
Colonos africanos: resiliencia, autodeterminación y coacción religiosa, siglos IV-V
Authors: García Mac Gaw Carlos
Published: May 2020

La historiografía sobre los colonos del Imperio Romano tardío ha dado lugar a diferentes perspectivas conflictivas. En particular, los investigadores discuten la resistencia de al menos ciertos grupos de colonos contra el avance de las prerrogativas de los terratenientes basadas en el avance de los poderes privados frente al Estado Imperial. Sin embargo, es muy probable que las condiciones de resistencia o explotación de los colonos pudieran haber tenido diferentes grados, matices y equilibrios en diferentes regiones del Imperio Romano. Estudiaré estas condiciones a través de algunas cartas de Agustín de Hipona a fines del siglo IV y principios del siglo V, relacionadas en mayor o menor medida con la represión de los grupos donatistas. Trataré de analizar en particular el alcance de las capacidades de resistencia colectiva y autodeterminación religiosa de los colonos africanos como un aspecto importante para tomar en cuenta en el contexto de la pérdida de libertad tradicionalmente sugerida por la historiografía sobre el colonato.
Ana María Suárez Piñeiro, Roma Antigua. Historia de un imperio global, Tres Cantos, Akal, 2019, 255 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-460-4729-2].
Authors: Gómez García Natalia
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de Ana María Suárez Piñeiro, Roma Antigua. Historia de un imperio global, Tres Cantos, Akal, 2019, 255 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-460-4729-2].
Francisco Machuca Prieto, Una forma fenicia de ser romano. Identidad e integración de las comunidades fenicias de la Península Ibérica bajo poder de Roma (SPAL. Monografías Arqueología 29), Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 420 pp. [ISBN: 9
Authors: Martín Casado Juan Manuel
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de Francisco Machuca Prieto, Una forma fenicia de ser romano. Identidad e integración de las comunidades fenicias de la Península Ibérica bajo poder de Roma (SPAL. Monografías Arqueología 29), Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 420 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2864-5].
Stem Cell Therapy for Neurogenic Bladder After Spinal Cord Injury: Clinically Possible?
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Cho Young Sam , Park Jong Mok , Na Young Gil , Kim Khae Hawn
Published: May 2020

Neurogenic bladder (NB) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common complication that inhibits normal daily activities and reduces the quality of life. Regrettably, the current therapeutic methods for NB are inadequate. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to develop new treatments for NB associated with SCI. Moreover, a myriad of preclinical and clinical trials on the effects and safety of stem cell therapy in patients with SCI have been performed, and several studies have demonstrated improvements in urodynamic parameters, as well as in sensory and motor function, after stem cell therapy. These results are promising; however, further high-quality clinical studies are necessary to compensate for a lack of randomized trials, the modest number of participants, variation in the types of stem cells used, and inconsistency in routes of administration.
Combination Therapy With Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Pirfenidone Alleviates Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells
Authors: Hwang Jae-Joon , Ko Il-Gyu , Jin Jun-Jang , Hwang Lakkyong , Kim Sang-Hoon , Jeon Jung Won , Paik Seung Sook , Chang Bok Soon , Choi Cheon Woong
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by its acute onset of symptoms such as bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, severe hypoxemia, and pulmonary edema. Many patients with ARDS survive in the acute phase, but then die from significant lung fibrosis.Methods: The effect of combination therapy with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and pirfenidone on ARDS was investigated using human lung epithelial A549 cells. ARDS environment was induced by treatment with lipopolysaccharide and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Enzyme-linked immunoassay for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and hydroxyproline were conducted. Western blot for collagen type I, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 was performed.Results: In this study, 8-μg/mL PDRN enhanced cell viability. Combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone and pirfenidone monotherapy suppressed expressions of CTGF and hydroxyproline and inhibited expressions of collagen type I and FGF. Combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone and PDRN monotherapy suppressed expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.Conclusions: The combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone exerted stronger therapeutic effect against lipopolysaccharide and TGF-β-induced ARDS environment compared to the PDRN monotherapy or pirfenidone monotherapy. The excellent therapeutic effect of combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone on ARDS was shown by promoting the rapid anti-inflammatory effect and inhibiting the fibrotic processes.
Treadmill Exercise Improves Motor Function and Short-term Memory by Enhancing Synaptic Plasticity and Neurogenesis in Photothrombotic Stroke Mice
Authors: Hong Minha , Kim Mia , Kim Tae-Woon , Park Sang-Seo , Kim Myung-Ki , Park Youngja H. , Sung Yun-Hee , Shin Mal-Soon
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Thrombotic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke characterized by motor dysfunction and memory impairments. In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise on motor function and short-term memory was evaluated in relation with synaptic plasticity in the mice with photothrombotic stroke.Methods: Photothrombotic stroke was induced by cortical photothrombotic vascular occlusion. The mice in the treadmill exercise groups performed running on a motorized treadmill for 28 days. Motor function was determined using rota-rod test and foot fault test. Step-through avoidance task was conducted to evaluate short-term memory. Immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine and doublecortin was conducted to detect new cell generation. Postsynaptic density protein 95, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB) were determined using western blot. The number of dendritic spines was determined using Golgi stain.Results: Treadmill exercise improved motor function and short-term memory in mice with the photothrombotic stroke. The infarct size was reduced and the number of dendritic spines and expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin in the peri-infarct cortex and hippocampus were increased by treadmill exercise in photothrombotic stroke mice. Treadmill exercise enhanced neurogenesis through increasing the expression of the hippocampal BDNF and TrkB in photothrombotic stroke mice.Conclusions: Treadmill exercise improved motor function and short-term memory through increasing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in photothrombotic stroke mice. Treadmill exercise can be used as an effective treatment strategy to improve brain function related to stroke.
Dexmedetomidine Improves Locomotor Function and Alleviates Thermal Hyperalgesia Following Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats
Authors: Jang Myung-Soo , Han Jin Hee , Kim Dong-Ok , Woo Gil , Kwon Jae-Ik , Chung Jun-Young , Lee Bong-Jae , Yi Jae-Woo
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The effects of dexmedetomidine on locomotor function and thermal hyperalgesia in sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) were investigated using rats.Methods: After exposing the right sciatic nerve, the sciatic nerve was crushed for 1 minute by a surgical clip. One day after nerve injury, dexmedetomidine (5, 25, and 50 µg/kg) was directly applied to the injured sciatic nerve once a day for 14 days. Walking track analysis was used to assess locomotor function and plantar test was conducted to assess thermal pain sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Western blot was used to evaluate the expression level of nerve growth factor (NGF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the sciatic nerve.Results: SNCI resulted in deterioration of locomotor function and increased thermal pain sensitivity. The level of c-Fos expression in the PVN and vlPAG was increased and the level of NGF and MBP expression in the sciatic nerve was enhanced by SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment improved locomotor function and upregulated expression of NGF and MBP in the sciatic nerve of SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment alleviated thermal hyperalgesia and downregulated expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and PVN after SNCI.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine may be used as a potential new treatment drug for recovery of locomotion and control of pain in peripheral nerve injury.
Co-expression network analysis of virulence genes exoS and exoU of pseudomonas aeruginosa in lower respiratory tract based on histological data expression profiles
Authors: Jiao Erli , Chen Bo
Published: May 2020

Objective: To use the gene chip of pseudomonas aeruginosa as a research sample and to explore it at an omics level, aiming at elucidating the co-expression network characteristics of the virulence genes exoS and exoU of pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract from the perspective of molecular biology and identifying its key regulatory genes.Methods: From March 2016 to May 2018, 312 patients infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract who were admitted to Department of Respiratory Medicine of Baogang Hospital and given follow-up treatments in the hospital were selected as subjects by use of cluster sampling. Alveolar lavage fluid and sputum collected from those patients were used as biological specimens. The genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected with the help of oligonucleotide probes to make a pre-processing of chip data. A total of 8 common antibiotics (ceftazidime, gentamicin, piperacillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doripenem and ticarcillin) against Gram-negative bacteria were selected to determine the drug resistance of biological specimens. MCODE algorithm was used to construct a co-expression network model of the drug-resistance genes focused on exoS/exoU.Results: The expression level of exoS/exoU in the drug-resistance group was significantly higher than that in the non-resistance group (p < .05). The top 5 differentially expressed genes in the alveolar lavage fluid specimens from the drug-resistance group were RAC1, ITGB1, ITGB5, CRK and IGF1R in the order from high to low. In the sputum specimens, the top 5 differentially expressed genes were RAC1, CRK, IGF1R, ITGB1 and ITGB5. In the alveolar lavage fluid specimens, only RAC1 had a positive correlation with the expression of exoS and exoU (p < .05). In the sputum specimens, RAC1, ITGB1, ITGB5, CRK and IGF1R were positively correlated with the expression of exoS and exoU (p < .05). The genes included in the co-expression network contained exoS, exoU, RAC1, ITGB1, ITGB5, CRK, CAMK2D, RHOA, FLNA, IGF1R, TGFBR2 and FOS. Among them, RAC1 had a highest score in the aspect of regulatory ability (72.00) and the largest number of regulatory genes (6); followed by ITGB1, ITGB5 and CRK genes.Conclusions: The high expression of exoS and exoU in the sputum specimens suggests that pseudomonas aeruginosa has a higher probability to get resistant to antibiotics; RAC1, ITGB1, ITGB5 and CRK genes may be the key genes that can regulate the expression of exoS and exoU.
The Supply Chain and Logistics of Vietnam in the Context of International Economic Integration
Authors: Linh Pham Nguyen My , Huong Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, in the current economy of Vietnam, logistics plays an important role in production and business activities of many enterprises, citizens and as well as the entire operation in the economy. However, logistics in Vietnam is still at a low level of development, which has not fully promoted the role of linking economic entities and activities in the national economy system. Therefore, logistics development is an urgent issue for policy makers as well as enterprises. This paper focuses on analyzing the status of logistics development in Vietnam, showing the results, limitations and causes of logistics development in Vietnam, thereby proposing some recommendations for development in the context of international economic integration.
On the Relationship Between Teacher Autonomy and Learner Autonomy
Authors: Han Ligang
Published: May 2020

With the research on fostering and cultivating learner autonomy in foreign/second language teaching and learning, teacher autonomy has gained momentum in the research of foreign language teacher education. There have been many theoretical research and discussions about the definitions of learner autonomy. Many researchers acknowledge that language teachers play important roles in developing learner autonomy. However, the relationship between teacher autonomy and learner autonomy needs to be explored. The focal point of the present paper is a tentative discussion on the relationship between teacher autonomy and learner autonomy in foreign language education and teacher education. This paper sheds light to foreign language education and teacher education in that language teachers should change their traditional roles to ones catering and facilitating the development of learner autonomy, and teacher education and training programs should include and design courses, practicum to enhance and promote teacher-learner autonomy.
Classroom Research in Large Cohorts: An Innovative Approach Based on Questionnaires and Scholarship of Teaching and Learning on Multiple-Intelligences
Authors: Muppala Siva PR , Chandramohan Balasubramanyam
Published: May 2020

In this work we focussed on assessment and quantification of students’ prior knowledge at the start of their classes and the learning and teaching feedback given by them after their classes. Using questionnaires, we collected data on prior-knowledge/Student Learning Abilities – SLAs and, students’ performance/Learning Outcomes – LOs. Our analysis shows that typically, in any classroom the SLAs follow a non-linear trend. This pattern, identified in group learning, requires proportionally distributed intervention by staff, with more support to those in need of help with learning. We show that the above approach, underpinned by an application of Multiple Intelligences and e-learning facilities, supports weaker students and helps them to achieve higher pass percentages and better LOs. This innovation in terms of evidence-based identification of need for support and selective intervention helps in optimal use of staff time and effort as compared to a one-method-fits all approach to learner development and academic achievement.
Responsabilidade Social Empresarial: estudo sob a ótica do desempenho empresarial passado por meio da análise dos indicadores sociais e ambientais de uma empresa do setor de papel e celulose
Authors: Círico Junior Ademir , Galvão Carlos Rafael
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo visa responder a seguinte problemática: como elaborar um Balanço Social de uma empresa do setor de papel e celulose? Para tanto, a pesquisa possui como objetivo geral, elaborar o Balanço Social de uma empresa do setor de papel e celulose, utilizando o modelo do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas (IBASE). Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa classifica-se, a priori, como pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de livros, artigos, dissertações e teses sobre a temática em questão e, a posteriori, quantos aos meios, como pesquisa de campo, mediante a coleta de dados referente ao exercício 2016, em uma empresa da Região Centro-Sul do Paraná. Elenca-se que, para preservar o nome da entidade pesquisada, a empresa foi denominada como Verdes Campos. Preliminarmente, constatou-se que as ações da entidade estão direcionadas basicamente ao cumprimento das leis trabalhistas.
Effective judicial protection in the light of the judgement of the CJEU of 29 July 2019, Alekszij Torubarov vs. Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Hivatal, C-556/171
Authors: Ostojski Przemysław
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the enforceability of the individual’s guarantee of an effective remedy in administrative court proceedings, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter. The text seeks to demonstrate the legitimacy of the position of the Court of Justice of the EU, which has taken the view that the considerations of protection of the individual’s fundamental rights require, in a case such as the one at issue, that an administrative court of a Member State, irrespective of the existence of legal grounds in its national legislation, should deliver a decision amending a decision of a public administrative authority. Unlike most European legal systems, Polish law does not provide for the possibility of a reform ruling in such a case, while taking into account all the factual and legal circumstances of the case ex nunc.
Selected problems of changes in EU and national legislation in the perspective of the principles of legitimate expectations and legal certainty
Authors: Ostojski Przemysław , Dalkowska Anna
Published: May 2020

This article addresses selected problems related to the complex topic of changes in EU and national legislation. The considerations contained in the article focus on the so-called previous effectiveness of an EU directive and on the retroactivity of (ordinary) laws passed by EU Member States. The research perspective concentrates on the functioning of these institutions in the face of the principles of legitimate expectations and legal certainty. The article utilizes primarily and predominantly the analytical method, as well as the empirical method, making use of the extensive case law of the EU Court of Justice and the Supreme Administrative Court.
As a result of the research, it shall be stated that, first and foremost, the source of legitimate expectations of an individual cannot be an EU directive during the transposition thereof in an EU Member State. Secondly, the principle of legal certainty is not precluded by the exceptional retroactive effect of a normative act, due to the need to protect the public interest, provided that legitimate expectations of individuals are guaranteed.
Notion of an appropriate access to a public road or farm buildings pursuant
to Art. 145(1) of the Polish Civil Code
Authors: Warciński Michał
Published: May 2020

The performance of the title to the land pursuant to its social and economic purpose requires,
as a rule, an appropriate access to a public road as such access constitutes one of the basic needs
of each real property owner. However, the location or configuration of the real property may
limit or even exclude it. Granting the easement of the necessary road lies within the competencies
of legal institutions allowing an appropriate access to a public road (Art. 145 of the Polish
Civil Code). This institution allows the establishment by court of the real property easement
ensuring the easement of access even against the will of the owner of the potentially encumbered
real property. The grounds to establish such easement include lack of an appropriate access
of the real property (or farm buildings) to a public road. The article analyses the case-law
and literature concerning the interpretation of the notion of an appropriate access to a public
road; the well known concepts were systematised and new interpretation variants were proposed
in the scope of some aspects.
»Hat der Patient heute Zeit für uns?«
Authors: Bornheimer Barbara
Published: May 2020

In wenigen europäischen Ländern gibt es so viele psychiatrische Krankenhausbetten wie in Deutschland. Vor allem in den skandinavischen Ländern und England ist es seit Jahrzehnten gelebte Praxis, stationäre Behandlung als ultima ratio, also als Ausnahme statt als Regelfall anzubieten. Auch in Deutschland ist in den letzten Jahren der Beginn eines Umdenkens zu beobachten.
Die doppelte Einbettung der Logistikarbeit und die Grenzen prekärer Beschäftigung
Authors: Butollo Florian , Koepp Robert
Published: May 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht die Veränderungen des Produktionsmodells der Handelslogistik. Diese Branche ist doppelt eingebettet: in Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke und in die sozialstrukturellen Rahmenbedingungen der lokalen Arbeitsmärkte. Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels und veränderter subjektiver Ansprüche der Beschäftigten können sich Handelslogistiker nicht mehr in jenem Maß aus den lokalen sekundären Arbeitsmärkten bedienen, wie es in der Phase rascher Expansion der Handelslogistik in den 1990er und 2000er Jahren übliche Praxis war. Die Auswertung von zwei Betriebsfallstudien, Expertengesprächen und Sekundärmaterial zeigt die unternehmerischen Gegenmaßnahmen zur Destabilisierung dieses Produktionsmodells auf. Die Gegenmaßnahmen („Fixes“) umfassen eine Kombination von sozialräumlicher Erweiterung der Rekrutierung, technologiegetriebener Rationalisierung und einer stärkeren Bindung der Belegschaften an das Beschäftigungssystem. Diese Konstellation stellt ein arbeitspolitisches Gelegenheitsfenster für eine Aufwertung der Arbeitsbedingungen des „Dienstleistungsproletariats“ in der Handelslogistik dar.
Taylorismus oder Kybernetik ?
Authors: Schaupp Simon
Published: May 2020

Der Begriff des „digitalen Taylorismus“ ist zu einer wichtigen Interpretationsfolie algorithmischer Arbeitssteuerung geworden. Dieser Artikel überprüft, welche Elemente des Taylorismus tatsächlich in der algorithmischen Arbeitssteuerung übernommen wurden und positioniert die Steuerungswissenschaft der Kybernetik als alternative historische Interpretationsfolie. Der Autor folgert, dass der Begriff des digitalen Taylorismus die Aspekte der Segmentierung und Vereinfachung von Arbeitsprozessen und teilweise auch der Informationsasymmetrie adäquat unterstreicht. Allerdings kann der Begriff die zentralen Aspekte des Feedbacks, der Selbstorganisation und der Automatisierung des mittleren Managements sowie der Instabilität von digitalisierten Beschäftigungsverhältnissen nicht erfassen, da diese wesentlich auf die kybernetische Steuerungstheorie zurückgehen. Diese erlebt in der digitalen Arbeitssteuerung eine Revitalisierung, da die Entwicklung digitaler Sensorik die zentrale kybernetische Idee des permanenten Feedbacks zum ersten Mal technisch realisierbar macht.
Vertrauen als Erfolgsfaktor der frühen Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung. Mediation und die Rolle der Verwaltung bei umstrittenen Infrastrukturvorhaben
Authors: Schreiber Annika
Published: May 2020

Die frühe Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung gem. § 25 Abs. 3 VwVfG soll zur Erhöhung der Akzeptanz von Planungsentscheidungen bei der betroffenen Bevölkerung beitragen. Dies setzt voraus, dass die in ein informelles Beteiligungsverfahren eingebundene Öffentlichkeit darauf vertrauen kann, dass die Behörde das informelle Ergebnis in ihren Entscheidungsprozess einbezieht. Für dieses Vertrauen gibt es aber keine rechtliche Grundlage: Das Demokratieprinzip verlangt für hoheitliche Entscheidungen eine ununterbrochene Legitimationskette. Die Behörde muss deshalb eine unabhängige Entscheidung treffen (Letztentscheidungsverantwortung). Die Erhöhung der Akzeptanz bedarf daher einer tatsächlichen Grundlage. Um das Vertrauen zu stärken, ist eine wirksame Verschränkung des formellen und des informellen Verfahrens erforderlich. Hier kommt der Wahl des informellen Verfahrens und dem Verhalten der zur Entscheidung berufenen Behörde eine zentrale Rolle zu. Mediation erweist sich als das geeignete informelle Verfahren, welches der Behörde erlaubt, innerhalb der rechtlichen Restriktionen wirksam zu handeln.
What Philosophical Aesthetics Can Learn from Applied Anthropology
Authors: Kawalec Anna ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: May 2020

Through a detailed case study of investigations on beauty, I demonstrate that a thoughtful consideration of empirical evidence can lead to the disclosure of the fundamental assumptions entrenched in a philosophical discipline. I present a contrastive examination of two empirically oriented approaches to art and beauty, namely, the anthropology of art and the anthropology of aesthetics. To capture these two different ways of interpreting the available evidence, I draw upon a debate between Alfred Gell and Jeremy Coote on the understanding of beauty and art in the Dinka community. Following Gell, I reveal that the Western-centric predilection of Coote, who uses traditional aesthetic categories, leads to his failure to grasp the functional and causal roles of beauty in the social relations of the Dinka. In more general terms, my study reveals the inherent limitations of aesthetics as developed in the Western tradition and its Kantian legacy. Being steadily driven towards purely abstract and speculative concepts, such as ‘work of art,’ Western aesthetics has lost the ability to account for the causal role of beauty in social relations. By contrasting this approach with Gell’s anthropological approach to art, I indicate those fundamental assumptions of aesthetics as a philosophical discipline that apparently confine it to a particular cultural context, compromising its ability to account for the universal human condition. As my study illustrates, this limitation could be overcome by a thoughtful and unprejudiced examination of empirical evidence.
Evolution of the hectocotylus in Sepiolinae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and description of four new genera
Authors: BELLO Giambattista
Published: May 2020

The subfamily Sepiolinae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), currently containing the genera Sepiola Leach, 1817, Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887, Inioteuthis Verrill, 1881, Rondeletiola Naef, 1921 and Sepietta Naef, 1912, is characterized by the hectocotylization of the left dorsal arm, i.e., its transformation into a copulatory organ thanks to modifications of sucker/pedicel elements. The hectocotylus morphology varies to a great extent across genera and species. In particular, one to several pedicels in its proximal third lose their sucker and become highly and diversely modified in shape to constitute a copulatory apparatus. An evolutionary gradient was observed in the copulatory apparatus morphology, from the simple modification into a papilla of just one pedicel from the third element of the ventral sucker row (some nominal species of Euprymna) to a quite complex structure involving several variously modified pedicels from both the ventral and dorsal sucker rows (Inioteuthis). In some species, elements in the distal portion of the hectocotylus may also be highly modified, such as the columnar suckers in Euprymna. The hectocotylian diversity allows to distinguish nine groups of species that do not match the current generic subdivision of Sepiolinae. Additional morphological characters (number of sucker rows on arms, female bursa copulatrix, occurrence and shape of visceral light organs, etc.) corroborate the subdivision of Sepiolinae into nine subtaxa, i.e., genera. Accordingly, a cladogram is drawn to describe the possible phylogenetic relationships among the nine clades. To comply with these results, all current genera are redefined and four new genera are described, namely Adinaefiola gen. nov., Boletzkyola gen. nov., Eumandya gen. nov. and Lusepiola gen. nov.
Nicholas S. Paliewicz and Marouf Hasian Jr. The Securitization of Memorial Space: Rhetoric and Public Memory.
Authors: Newman Lena
Published: May 2020

In The Securitization of Memorial Space: Rhetoric and Public Memory, Nicholas S. Paliewicz and Marouf Hasian Jr. train a darkly analytical lens on New York City’s Ground Zero in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, and the debate around how to memorialize the events of that day. The authors explore how various objects at Ground Zero were infused with political meaning and deployed like weapons by myriad actors in both the smaller battle for control of the National September 11 Memorial and Museum and the larger Global War on Terror. Hasian and Paliewicz are writing from backgrounds in rhetorical and critical security studies, and at times their writing can be a little opaque to those not fluent in the vocabulary of those fields. The authors also describe their approach as “object oriented,” a methodology that should sound familiar to anyone working in special collections today (23).
What’s the protocol? Canadian university research ethics boards and variations in implementing Tri-Council policy
Authors: Karram Stephenson Grace , Jones Glen A. , Fick Emmanuelle , Bégin-Caouette Olivier , Taiyeb Aamir , Metcalfe Amy
Published: May 2020

This article is concerned with the differences in REB policy and application processes across Canada as they impact multi-jurisdictional, higher education research projects that collect data at universities themselves. Despite the guiding principles of the Tri-Council Policy Statement 2 (TCPS2) there is significant variation among the practices of Research Ethics Boards (REBs) at Canada’s universities, particularly when they respond to requests from researchers outside their own institution. The data for this paper were gathered through a review of research ethics applications at 69 universities across Canada. The findings suggest REBs use a range of different application systems and require different revisions and types of oversight for researchers who are not employed at their institution. This paper recommends further harmonization between REBs across the country and national-level dialogue on TCPS2 interpretations.
Juventudes e Interseccionalidad: proyectos ocupacionales de estudiantes del nivel medio de la ciudad de Rafaela.
Authors: Dionisio Cecilia , Lewin Hugo Daniel
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares del proyecto de investigación “FUTURO (IM)PERFECTO. Percepciones de las y los estudiantes del último año del nivel medio sobre las alternativas profesionales y la formación universitaria pública en la ciudad de Rafaela”, actualmente en curso en la Universidad Nacional de Rafaela. El objetivo fue indagar el conocimiento de los ámbitos de ejercicio profesional y el grado de definición de los “Proyectos Profesionales” de estudiantes próximos a egresar de establecimientos de enseñanza media de Rafaela. Se realizaron grupos focales considerando las variables de género y nivel socio-económico. Para el análisis se consideró la perspectiva interseccional, entendiendo que las características de las normativas de género son dependientes de las intersecciones con modalidades raciales, de clase, étnicas, sexuales o regionales. Se encontró que las prefiguraciones ocupacionales de las/os entrevistadas/os están atravesadas por estereotipos y mandatos de género que se relacionan con la división sexual del trabajo, en consonancia con el modelo patriarcal. El trabajo doméstico y la maternidad (real o potencial) emergen aquí como aspectos centrales, marcando dificultades concretas respecto del acceso a los estudios superiores y el trabajo. El origen social se presentó como otro condicionante fundamental en la construcción de proyectos personales. La falta de recursos económicos se tradujo, en varias ocasiones, en un no sentirse “apto” para determinados espacios tales como la universidad. Así, la procedencia de una determinada clase social condiciona el acceso y uso de recursos materiales, lo que a su vez da origen a otros tipos de desigualdades de género.