bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climate projections on water balance and implications on olive crop in Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Diego F. dos ,   Universidade Federal de Itajubá,  Brazil, Martins Fabrina B. , Torres Roger R.
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Minas Gerais is vulnerable to climate change, with negative impacts on water balance and changes in the cultivation of several crops. Currently, the olive crop has been an alternative source for farmers, especially those in the South of the state. However, there is no information on areas with climatic conditions suitable for olive cultivation, as well as the possible impacts of climate change. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of climate projections on water balance and agroclimatic zoning for olive cultivation in the Minas Gerais, based on current climate conditions (1980-2011), and different climate change projections for three future periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100). For the current climate, Minas Gerais showed 37% of suitable area, 15% of marginal area and 48% of unsuitable area for olive cultivation. For the period 2071-2100, only 4% was classified as suitable area, 6% as marginal area and 90% as unsuitable. Projections of climate change, of both temperature and rainfall, will affect the olive cultivation, substantially reducing the suitable area in the entire state.
Management zones in coffee cultivation
Authors: Jacintho João L. ,   Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais,  Brazil, Ferraz Gabriel A. e S. , Silva Fabio M. da , Santos Sthéfany A. ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras,  Brazil
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to apply precision agriculture techniques in coffee production, using correlation analysis in the definition of management zones. This work was carried out in a 22-ha area of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), cv. ‘Topázio MG 1190’, which was sampled on a regular grid, using a topographic GPS, totaling 64 georeferenced samples (on average, 2.9 points per ha). Descriptive analysis was used in the data, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis at 0.05 significance between soil chemical attributes, agronomic characteristics of the plants and altitude. It was possible to verify the correlation of soil chemical attributes, agronomic characteristics of the plants and altitude with coffee yield. Altitude was the variable most correlated with coffee yield through correlation analysis. Therefore, it was chosen as the best variable to define management zones and thematic maps capable to support coffee farmers. Three maps were generated to characterize the area in two, three and four management zones. There was a direct influence on mean yield.
Risk behaviors related to eating disorders in adolescents and its association with dental erosion
Authors: SOUTO Daniella Fagundes , COSTA Bruno Arlindo de Oliveira , OLIVEIRA Arlete Maria Gomes , FLÓRIO Flávia Martão , ZANIN Luciane
Published: February 2017

Abstract Introduction The overvaluation of thinness as a standard of beauty has contributed to the development of eating disorders and has mainly affected adolescents and young adults. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of risk behaviors for eating disorders and their association with dental erosion in adolescents. Material and method This is a cross-sectional observational epidemiological study. The sample consisted of 278 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, enrolled in a State School in Campinas - SP. Two questionnaires were used for the data collection on eating disorders: Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh and Eating Attitudes Test -26. The presence of erosion was evaluated by calibrated examiners. Result The mean age of the sample was 14.8 years. The prevalence of mean risk for bulimia in the sample was 43.2% (95% CI: 37.3%-49.0%) and the prevalence of adolescents with a probability of developing bulimia was 53.2% (95% CI: 47.4%-59.1%). Of the total, 11.9% (95% CI: 8.1%-15.7%) showed results suggestive of anorexia. Among women, 66.9% were classified as probability developing bulimia, whereas in men the prevalence was 39.0%. As for dental erosion, only 1.1% of the sample presented erosion. Conclusion The study pointed to large number of adolescents with risk behaviors for eating disorders but no association was found with dental erosion due to low prevalence.
Fatores Associados ao Estresse no Internato Médico
Authors: Querido Izabela Almeida ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás,  Brasil, Naghettini Alessandra Vitorino , Orsini Mara Rúbia de Camargo Alves , Bartholomeu Daniel , Montiel José Maria ,   Centro Universitário Fundação Instituto de Ensino para Osasco,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo O presente trabalho objetivou identificar a ocorrência de estresse, traços de personalidade e repertório de habilidades sociais de estudantes de Medicina de duas escolas médicas no Tocantins no período do internato. Metodologia Numa amostra de 50 internos de Medicina, foram aplicados um questionário para dados biográficos e sobre o internato e três testes psicológicos: Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp, Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade e Inventário de Habilidades Sociais. Resultados Identificou-se que parte da população estudada apresentava estresse (52%), com predominância de sintomas psicológicos e numa fase potencialmente adoecedora, mas pouco vista como tal (fase de resistência). Observaram-se também características de personalidade como baixa abertura a ideias e baixo nível de comunicação, bem como alto empenho e instabilidade. Em paralelo, identificou-se um repertório de habilidades sociais baixo nas habilidades necessárias à autoafirmação na expressão de sentimentos positivos. Viu-se também que alguns alunos necessitaram de ajuda especializada (psicólogo e psiquiatra) durante o curso, mesmo que com queixas não direcionadas a este. Conclusão As análises correlacionais realizadas sugerem que o fator neuroticismo e as facetas nível de comunicação e confiança nas pessoas são diferentes nas pessoas com estresse. Esse aspecto e a dificuldade de expressar afetos positivos indicam uma das direções quanto aos fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento de estresse no estudante de Medicina. Aliam-se características de personalidade, que indicam uma tendência de comportamento, a uma das fases mais tensas do curso médico (internato).
Tutoria como Estratégia para Aprendizagem Significativa do Estudante de Medicina
Authors: Luna Willian Fernandes ,   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Paraíba,  Brasil, Bernardes Jefferson de Souza ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a estratégia da Tutoria inserida em um currículo médico com tendência ao tradicional, não orientado por problemas, utilizando as falas de estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira. Para a compreensão do campo-tema, optou-se por desenvolver uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos utilizados discutem os processos de ensino-aprendizagem e da área de linguagem e análise de discurso. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizadas as técnicas de Roda de Conversa, diário de campo e observações. Foram identificados os repertórios linguísticos das falas dos sujeitos, com foco nas controvérsias do discurso, que conformaram sete conjuntos de sentidos. Conclui-se que, com base nas falas dos estudantes, a inserção da estratégia da Tutoria, de inspiração na Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, em currículos mais tradicionais pode ser uma alternativa para iniciar processos de mudança curricular no caminho da construção de uma aprendizagem significativa, desde que haja planejamento coerente com a proposta pedagógica do curso, resultando no desenvolvimento de autonomia, criticidade, respeito e aprendizado com as diferenças, que são competências importantes a serem desenvolvidas pelo futuro médico.
Estresse do Estudante de Medicina e Rendimento Acadêmico
Authors: Lima Rebeca Ludmila de ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil, Soares Maryella Eduarda Correa , Prado Stefani Niehues do , Albuquerque Guilherme Souza Cavalcanti de
Published: February 2017

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência do estresse entre estudantes de Medicina, a relação entre morar ou não com a família e sua repercussão sobre o rendimento acadêmico. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com os alunos do ciclo básico e clínico do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), com aplicação do Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp, um questionário com perguntas gerais sobre o tema, além da realização de um grupo focal. A amostra foi composta por 456 estudantes, 68,05% daqueles que cursavam do primeiro ao oitavo período de Medicina no momento da pesquisa. Verificou-se a presença de estresse em 60,09% (n = 274) da amostra e estresse extremo em 20,83% (n = 95). Não houve correlação entre estresse e aprendizado em relação a morar longe da família.
Addition of different tuna meal levels to pizza dough
Authors: Campelo Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil, Souza Maria Luiza Rodrigues de , Moura Lorena Batista de , Xavier Tadeu Orlandi , Yoshida Grazyella Massako , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis , Mikcha Jane Martha Graton ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
Published: February 2017

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop pizza dough with different levels of tuna meal (Tunnus spp.). In order to produce tuna meal, tuna torsos without fins were used, cooked for 1 hour, pressed, milled and dehydrated for 24 hours at 60 °C. Pizza dough was produced without (0%) or with the addition of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tuna meal, calculated based on the quantity of wheat flour. The tuna meal and different pizza pastries were analyzed for moisture content, crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrates, caloric value and fatty acid profiles. Microbiological and sensory analyses were also carried out on the pizza pastries. The increasing addition of tuna meal resulted in gains in the crude protein (10.89 to 18.94%), total lipid (4.63 to 5.89%) and ash (2.54 to 3.54%) contents of the pizza pastries, not influencing the moisture content or caloric value. The inclusion of tuna meal linearly increased the quantity of n-3 series fatty acids in the pizza pastry, from 1.56 to 5.93 g/kg with the addition of 20% tuna meal. The ratio between the polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the tuna meal and pizza pastries varied from 1.21 to 1.85. The microbiological analyses showed that the pizza pastries were produced under proper hygiene conditions. It was also observed that the addition of 5 to 20% of tuna meal to the pizza pastry did not significantly (p>0.05) alter the parameters of aroma, flavor, overall impression and purchase intention. It was therefore concluded that the addition of 5 to 20% tuna meal is effective in improving the nutritional value and fatty acid profile of pizza pastry.
A new Centromochlus Kner, 1858 (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae) from the transition between Amazon floodplain and Guiana shield, Brazil
Authors: Sarmento-Soares Luisa Maria , Lazzarotto Henrique , Py-Daniel Lucia Rapp , Leitão Rafael Pereira
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Species of Centromochlus are widely distributed in South America, with records for major basins such as the Amazon and Orinoco, rivers draining the Guiana Shield such as the Essequibo, Courantyne (Corantijn), Coppename, Maroni, and Oyapock, and Brazilian Shield drainages as upper Paraná and São Francisco. In the last four years, three species of Centromochlus have been described, raising the total number of valid species to sixteen. The new species of Centromochlus described herein is diagnosed by having black ground color sharply delimited from a white underside by conspicuous wavy border. The new species is recorded from the Nhamundá, left bank tributary to the lower Amazon that drain from the Brazilian portion of the Guiana Shield. Although apparently similar to some Tatia species (e.g. Tatia musaica , T. carolae and T. melanoleuca ), the new species possess two conditions of the Weberian apparatus otherwise observed only in Centromochlus heckelii and C. existimatus among centromochlin catfishes. The new Centromochlus comprises small catfishes with adults ranging from 48 to 57 mm SL.
IMPACTO DA DERMATITE ATÓPICA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS E SEUS RESPONSÁVEIS
Authors: Campos Amanda Letícia Bezerra , Araújo Filipe Moreira de , Santos Maria Amélia Lopes dos , Santos Alex de Assis Santos dos , Pires Carla Andréa Avelar
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da dermatite atópica na qualidade de vida de pacientes pediátricos de 5 a 16 anos e seus responsáveis, atendidos no serviço de dermatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA) em 2015. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 51 pacientes juntamente com seus responsáveis, aos quais foram aplicados dois questionários de qualidade de vida, o Escore da Qualidade de Vida na Dermatologia Infantil (CDLQI) e o Impacto da Dermatite Atópica na Família (DFI). Para avaliar a gravidade da doença, os pesquisadores aplicaram o índice de Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). A correlação linear de Pearson foi aplicada para averiguar a correspondência entre os instrumentos CDLQI, DFI e SCORAD, e o coeficiente de contingência C para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis qualitativas. Considerou-se significante p<0,05. Resultados: Dos pacientes, 55% pertenciam ao sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 9.5±3.2 anos, e 41% tinha renda familiar de até um salário-mínimo. A média dos escores foi de 5.4±5.1 para o CDLQI, 6.6±4.5 para o DFI e 28.3±19.8 para o SCORAD. Atestou-se correlação altamente significante entre os escores CDLQI, DFI e SCORAD pela correlação linear de Pearson (p<0.001). Conclusões: A dermatite atópica afeta a qualidade de vida tanto das crianças quanto de seus responsáveis, o que indica a importância de inserir o estudo da qualidade de vida de forma complementar à avaliação clínica dos pacientes.
Efeito do tempo de execução do exercício vocal sopro e som agudo na voz de mulheres
Authors: Moreira Fabíola Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brasil, Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o resultado dos tempos um, três, cinco e sete minutos de execução do exercício vocal sopro e som agudo, em mulheres com disfonia por nódulos vocais e em mulheres sem queixa de voz. Método Trata-se de um estudo experimental com amostra de conveniência consecutiva. Participaram 30 mulheres disfônicas, por nódulos em pregas vocais (GE), e 30 mulheres sem queixa vocal (GC). Todas executaram o exercício sopro e som agudo durante um, três, cinco e sete minutos. As vogais sustentadas /a/ e a contagem de um a dez foram registradas antes e após cada tempo de execução do exercício. As gravações foram randomizadas e avaliadas por tarefa de comparação por quatro fonoaudiólogos utilizando os parâmetros grau de desvio vocal, rugosidade, soprosidade, antenia, tensão e instabilidade (GRBASI). Para a análise acústica, foram obtidos os parâmetros de frequência fundamental, jitter, shimmer, o quociente de perturbação de frequência, quociente de perturbação de amplitude e proporção harmônico ruído. Depois de cada momento de realização do exercício vocal, as participantes responderam em uma escala visual analógica de desconforto vocal. Resultados A análise perceptivo-auditiva no GE demonstrou melhora do grau geral da disfonia e da soprosidade após três minutos e piora destes parâmetros auditivos após sete minutos de realização do exercício. Houve autopercepção do desconforto vocal após sete minutos de realização do exercício no GE. Conclusão O tempo ideal de prescrição do exercício vocal sopro e som agudo para o grupo das mulheres disfônicas foi de três minutos. O mesmo grupo, após sete minutos, apresentou piora na qualidade da voz e autorreferiu desconforto.
Influência da consciência morfológica na leitura e na escrita: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Silva Ainoã Athaide Macedo ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brasil, Martins-Reis Vanessa de Oliveira
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre a relação entre consciência morfológica e leitura e escrita de escolares. Estratégia de pesquisa Foi realizado um levantamento na literatura nacional e internacional utilizando as bases de dados Medline (via PubMed) e Portal de Periódicos da Capes (Eric, PsycINFO, LILACS, SciELO) no período de agosto a setembro de 2015. Critérios de seleção Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: artigos que respondiam à pergunta norteadora e que atendiam à temática estabelecida pelos descritores e palavras-chave. Excluíram-se os estudos com animais, laboratoriais, artigos de opinião/autoridade, série de caso, relato de caso e estudos de revisão. Análise dos dados Foram considerados os seguintes marcadores: tipo de estudo, objetivo do estudo e habilidade relacionada à consciência morfológica (leitura, escrita), os testes realizados e principais resultados. Resultados A partir da busca por meio de descritores e termos livres foram encontrados 203 artigos nas bases de dados pré-estabelecidas. Na Pubmed, a pesquisa resultou em 81 estudos e 122 no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Do total, 154 foram excluídos pelo título e resumo e 39, pela leitura do texto completo. Isso possibilitou a análise de 10 artigos. Conclusão Crianças com melhor desempenho em testes de consciência morfológica apresentam melhores resultados em provas de leitura e escrita, para todas as séries.
Verification of Saint-Venant equations solution based on the lax diffusive method for flow routing in natural channels
Authors: Ferreira Danieli Mara , Fernandes Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo , Gomes Julio
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Modelos hidrodinâmicos, formados pelas equações de Saint-Venant, representam o escoamento transitório em sistemas hídricos, e simulam a propagação de vazões ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Diversas soluções numéricas têm sido aplicadas a essas expressões, porém frequentemente são encontradas diferenças de resultados entre procedimentos, uma vez que toda aproximação numérica possui limitações. Canais naturais são caracterizados por um comportamento dinâmico das vazões, considerando os usos múltiplos da água e as alterações de morfologia, que ocorrem naturalmente ou por influência antrópica. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho procura complementar o entendimento acerca de diferentes hipóteses e aproximações para solução das equações de Saint-Venant, verificando resultados do esquema difusivo de Lax e comparando com o software HEC-RAS. O estudo de caso consiste em um rio que drena uma área densamente povoada (rio Iguaçu, localizado em Curitiba-PR). Ao comparar os hidrogramas observados e simulados, foi possível avaliar que a forma como as equações são resolvidas, que por sua vez determina o tipo de condição de contorno a ser utilizada, pode contribuir para diferenças na vazão simulada. Adicionalmente, foi observado que a calibração alcançada é adequada, assim como a hipótese de seção transversal trapezoidal. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa deve auxiliar ainda o avanço na solução do modelo hidrodinâmico pelo esquema difusivo de Lax, principalmente no que concerne à eficiência computacional. Esquemas explícitos, apesar de serem mais sensíveis ao intervalo temporal de simulação, apresentam a vantagem de simplificação para implementação, o que pode trazer benefícios no estudo de sistemas complexos, como rios urbanos.
Fungicidal effect of silver nanoparticles on toxigenic fungi in cocoa
Authors: Villamizar-Gallardo Raquel , Cruz Johann Faccelo Osma , Ortíz-Rodriguez Oscar Orlando
Published: February 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbicidal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on potentially toxigenic fungi affecting cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops. These fungi, isolated from diseased cocoa pods, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The microbicidal effect was assessed by measuring radial mycelial growth, in synthetic culture media, and at different AgNP concentrations in plant tissues. The inhibition effect was monitored in Petri dishes, and changes in fungal structures were observed through scanning electron microscopy. Two potentially toxigenic fungi were highly prevalent: Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. The inhibition assays, performed in liquid and solid synthetic culture media, showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect the growth of these fungi, even at the highest concentration (100 ppm). By contrast, they showed a positive inhibitory effect in plant tissues, especially in the cortex, when infected with A. flavus, in which an 80 ppm dose completely inhibited fungal growth. However, once fungi have managed to penetrate inside the pods, their growth is unavoidable, and AgNP effect is reduced. On F. solani, the studied nanomaterial only induced some texture and pigmentation changes. The microbicidal effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles is greater in plant tissues than in culture media.
Pré-seleção de poliploides por métodos foliares em acessos de bananeira
Authors: Jesus Manuela Ramos da Silva de , Oliveira e Silva Sebastião de , Silveira Daniela Garcia , Santos-Serejo Janay Almeida dos , Sampaio Antonio Hélder Rodrigues , Gimenez Adonai Calbo
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos foliares para pré-selecionar poliploides putativos de bananeira em trabalhos com poliploidização in vitro. A espessura foliar, estimada a partir da massa específica das matérias fresca e seca de discos foliares, e a turgescência foliar das plantas, medida diretamente nas plantas às 6h30 da manhã com o aparelho Wiltmeter, foram determinadas em mudas de bananeira diploides (Calcutta e Lidi), triploides (Grande Naine e Williams) e tetraploides (Bucanero e Calypso). A avaliação do conteúdo de DNA foi realizada por citometria de fluxo, tendo-se substituído o diploide Lidi pelo NBA, e o triploide Williams pelo Caipira. Os genótipos com maior ploidia apresentaram maior massa de matéria fresca do disco foliar. O potencial de turgescência foliar também se relacionou significativamente com a ploidia. Os genomas diploides apresentaram os menores conteúdos de DNA (0,96 pg); os triploides Grande Naine (1,48 pg) e Caipira (1,63 pg), conteúdos intermediários; e os tetraploides Calypso (1,90 pg) e Bucanero (2,26 pg), os maiores conteúdos. A massa de matéria fresca de discos foliares e a turgescência foliar das plantas, sob adequado manejo de irrigação, podem ser utilizadas para pré-selecionar tetraploides de bananeira em trabalhos de poliploidização in vitro.
Products purchased from family farming for school meals in the cities of Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Ferigollo Daniele , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos , Heckler Dienifer , Figueredo Oscar Agustín Torres , Perez-Cassarino Julian , Triches Rozane Márcia
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to verify the adequacy profile of the cities of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in relation to the purchase of products of family farming by the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE - National Program of School Meals). METHODS This is a quantitative descriptive study, with secondary data analysis (public calls-to-bid). The sample consisted of approximately 10% (n = 52) of the cities in the State, establishing a representation by mesoregion and size of the population. We have assessed the percentage of food purchased from family farming, as well as the type of product, requirements of frequency, delivery points, and presence of prices in 114 notices of public calls-to-bid, in 2013. RESULTS Of the cities analyzed, 71.2% (n = 37) reached 30% of food purchased from family farming. Most public calls-to-bid demanded both products of plant (90.4%; n = 103) and animal origin (79.8%; n = 91). Regarding the degree of processing, fresh products appeared in 92.1% (n = 105) of the public calls-to-bid. In relation to the delivery of products, centralized (49.1%; n = 56) and weekly deliveries (47.4%; n = 54) were the most described. Only 60% (n = 68) of the public calls-to-bid contained the price of products. CONCLUSIONS Most of the cities analyzed have fulfilled what is determined by the legislation of the PNAE. We have found in the public calls-to-bid a wide variety of food, both of plant and animal origin, and most of it is fresh. In relation to the delivery of the products, the centralized and weekly options prevailed.
Effect of suction and stress on Poisson's ratio of argillaceous rocks
Authors: Espitia J. M. , Caicedo B. , Vallejo L.
Published: February 2017

Poisson's ratio is an important parameter for the study of the behaviour of rocks in various contexts of rock engineering. Some studies have indicated that suction has an effect on Poisson's ratio of argillaceous rocks and that there is a non-linear response of this feature for other types of rocks during the loading process. Nevertheless, an assessment that couples the dependence of Poisson's ratio on stress and suction is still lacking. This study addresses this through a detailed analysis of axial and radial deformations during uniaxial compression tests on specimens at equilibrium under several different suction conditions using the moving point regression technique. Experimental results show a non-linear variation of Poisson's ratio with stress and that suction has a significant influence on it. The model proposed to couple the effect of suction and stress on Poisson's ratio of argillaceous rocks presents higher prediction performance.
Lateral earth pressures in constrained landslides
Authors: Friedli B. , Hauswirth D. , Puzrin A. M.
Published: February 2017

The problem of the limiting landslide pressure on an obstacle was first formulated in 1944 by Robert Haefeli of ETH Zurich, who recognised that the kinematics of the problem does not allow for classical active and passive earth pressure theories to be applied. He derived an approximate solution using a limit equilibrium approach with a number of rather arbitrary assumptions and simplifications. Since then, the Haefeli solution has been widely applied for the design and analysis of landslide retaining structures. The paper revisits this old landslide pressure problem by means of a rigorous upper- and lower-bound limit analysis and derives the exact landslide pressure solution for a planar landslide with a weak slip surface parallel to the slope. Being applicable to a wide range of natural and man-made obstacles and, unlike the classical theories, not affected by the wall friction and soil dilation, the upper-bound solution is rather robust. The landslide pressures from this solution increase with the strength of the sliding layer and are significantly higher than the active, but much lower than the passive, earth pressures. Of even higher practical importance, however, is that due to their oversimplifying assumptions, the widely used approximate solutions appear to get close to the exact solution only over a very narrow range of slope and friction angles. It appears that for mildly inclined weak slip surfaces and high strengths of the sliding layer, analysis and design of retaining structures based on well-known approximate solutions can become dramatically unsafe.
Mitigating the seismic settlement of foundations on sand by ground improvement techniques
Authors: Ahmadi Hadi , Eslami Abolfazl , Mahyar Arabani
Published: February 2017

Geotechnical design of shallow foundations on clean fine sands often requires provisions for earthquake-induced settlements. In this regard, there have been many investigations on the volume-change behaviour of fine sands during dynamic and cyclic loading, and different methods have been developed to estimate ground settlement. However, less attention has been given to the role of ground improvement in reducing earthquake-induced settlements. This paper focuses on Anzali sand, which is representative of most sands found in the northern Iran, a region subject to high seismic activity. This sand was studied with the aid of physical modelling in the laboratory, and three different soil stabilisation techniques were applied to improve its stiffness and strength against volume change. Investigations revealed that among these methods, the cement treatment technique has an appreciable effect on the mitigation of seismic settlement.
Axial compressive behaviour of RC columns with high-strength MTS transverse reinforcement
Authors: Li Yizhu , Cao Shuangyin , Jing Denghu
Published: February 2017

To improve the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with square cross-section, an additional configuration of transverse reinforcement using high-strength multiple-tied spirals is proposed to achieve better lateral confinement to the concrete and to delay or avoid the buckling of longitudinal bars. In total, 12 specimens are designed for the axial compression test, including ten RC columns with high-strength multiple-tied-spiral transverse reinforcement (MTSTR) and two RC columns with conventional stirrups to provide a reference. The variables of specimens in the experiment are the spacing of circular spirals and rectangular hoops, the confined area of circular spirals and concrete strength. The experimental results indicate that the concrete and the longitudinal bars are effectively confined by the high-strength MTSTR, leading to considerable enhancements in both the load-carrying capacity and ductility of RC columns. On the basis of strain compatibility, an analytical approach to the axial behaviour of the RC column with high-strength MTSTR is proposed, and the analytical results using the model proposed by Bing and co-workers agree well with the experimental results.
The impact of landform on urban identity: the case of Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Esawy Salma S. , Al-Hagla Khalid S. , El Sayad Zeyad T.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the changes on urban identity due to the transformation on landform configuration. It discusses the aspects of urban identity from the perspective of systemic approach and then the impact of landform on these aspects is determined. The research is performed in light of recent urban development that takes place in the centre of Makkah (also known as Mecca) in Saudi Arabia. This area is undergoing developments that affect its landform configuration. The analysis is a mixed method that depends on the space syntax theory and a descriptive study. A comparative analysis is conducted between the city's Al-Shamiya 2004 district and Al-Shamiya 2020 project to examine the changes on its identity. This comparative analysis is based on the space syntax theory which is applied using a three-dimensional modelling software. The results show that the highland strengthens the place identity arising from cultural representation and supports the features of Islamic urban identity and weakens the degree of city legibility.
Audit of the risk management system in order to increase its effectiveness
Authors: Shamin D. V.
Published: February 2017

The article is devoted to the problems increasing the effectiveness of the risk management system (RMS) within the framework the implementation of mega-projects in the industry. The application modern tools of risk management in the new business environment, the urgency of the RMS audit disclosed steps and audit procedures.
Albumin, prealbumin and CRP levels can be used to predict prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Rao T. Uma Maheswara , Phanikumar Venkat Hanuman , Kumar Hemanth
Published: February 2017

Background: malnutrition and systemic inflammatory response in cancers result in a shorter survival rate, reduced treatment response and a higher rate of complications associated with therapy. Prealbumin, albumin and CRP Levels has utility as a prognostic indicator of cancer survival in cancer. The objective of this study was to albumin, pre-albumin and CRP levels of the patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer were prospectively recorded and retrospectively evaluated.Methods: Study was done for period of 1 year in patients underwent surgery for gastric cancer. Details noted from records are as age, gender, duration of hospital stay, TNM stage, and preoperative albumin, pre-albumin and CRP levels.Results: A total number of 44 patients, 32 (72.7%) men and 12 (27.7%) women, were included in the study. The mean age was 64.1 (43-89) years. The mean duration of hospital stay was 12.8 (4-46) days. Preoperative albumin levels were below the expected range in 16 (41%) of 44 patients. Mean age of the patients with normal and decreased albumin levels was 62.7±12.8 and 65.3±12.3 years, respectively; albumin levels were insignificantly associated with the age (p = 0.54). When these 16 cases were evaluated in terms of disease stage-3 had 11(68.7%). Preoperative pre-albumin levels were decreased in 23 (53%) of 44 cases. Among the cases with decreased pre-albumin levels, stage 1 and 3 had 5 (21.7%) cases. There was a significant correlation between the TNM stage and pre-albumin levels (P = 0.014). CRP levels were elevated in 19 (43.2%) of 44 cases with CRP. Among these Stage-3 had 8 cases, 4 (42.1%). There was no significant correlation between disease stage, presence of metastatic lymph nodes and albumin levels (p>0.05).Conclusions: Preoperative albumin, pre-albumin and CRP levels can be useful to predict prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
The Role of Bakau Snail, Telescopium telescopium L., as Biofilter in Waste Water Management of Intensive Shrimp Culture
Authors: Hamsiah , , Djokosetiyanto Daniel , Adiwilaga E. M. , Nirmala Kukuh
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The objective the experiment is to know the role of bakau snail, Telescopium telescopium L., as biofilter for improving waste water quality in shrimp culture.  The experiment was carried out at laboratory scale.  The parameters that observed in this experiment are physical, chemical and biological of waste water.  Growth and survival rate of snail were also observed. Waste water quality measurement was carried out during a week, while the growth and survival rate were measured during two months.  The aquarium of 30x40x40 cm were filled with 30 l of waste water from intensive shrimp culture.  Bakau snail were stocked to the aquarium with density of 0 (control), 6, 9 and 12 snail/aquarium, and these treatment were replicated 3 times.  The result shown that total organic matter (TOM), total ammonia, dissolved oxygen (DO) of waste water, and growth and survival rate of snail were not different between treatment of stocking density, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), nitrite and nitrate were significantly different (p

Key words :  Bakau snail, Telescopium telescopium L.,  biofilter, shrimp culture waste water.

 

ABSTRAK

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan keong bakau, Telescopium telescopium L., sebagai biofilter terhadap perbaikan mutu air limbah budidaya tambak udang intesif.  Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup keong bakau juga dikaji.  Percobaan dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium.  Pengamatan kualitas air fisika, kimia dan biologi air limbah budidaya tambak dilakukan selama seminggu, sedangkan pertumbuhan keong dilakukan selama 2 bulan.  Wadah percobaan yang digunakan adalah akuarium ukuran 30x40x40 cm dan diisi air sebanyak 30 liter yang berasal dari buangan budidaya udang intensif di tambak.  Perlakuan percoban berupa padat tebar keong bakau dalam akuarium yaitu: 0 (tanpa keong), 6, 9 dan 13 ekor/akuarium, dan setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa respon peubah kadar bahan organik total (TOM), amoniak total, oksigen terlarut (DO) dalam air limbah, serta pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup keong bakau tidak berbeda antar perlakuan kepadatan, sedangkan BOD5, padatan tersuspensi total (TSS), nitrit dan nitrat berbeda nyata (p

Kata kunci :  Keong bakau, Telescopium telescopium L., biofilter, air limbah budidaya udang.
The Effect of Dietary Vitamin E (-Tocopherol) Level on the Lipid, Essensial Fatty Acid Level and the Hatching Rate of Catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn.
Authors: Mokoginta I. , Syahrizal , , Jr. M. Zairin
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary level of vitamin E (a-tocopherol) on the lipid, essential fatty acid level and the hatching rate of catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn. Five experimental diets with isoenergy and isonitrogen, but different vitamin E (a-tocopherol) level were used in this experiment. Dietary vitamin E levels are 18, 114, 210, 308 and 416 mg/kg diet respectively.  Fish with body weight of 18,55 a 5,11 g per fish, fed on the experimental diets at satiation, for six months.  The vitamin E, the lipid and the n-6 and n-3 fatty acid level of egg increase as the dietary vitamin E level of broodstock diet increase. However, the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acid of egg produced  by treatment 210 mg vitamin E/kg diet was higher than that of other treatments, which finally produced the highest hatching rate of egg (p<0,05).

Key words : Vitamin E (a-tocopherol), reproduction, catfish (Clarias batrachus Linn.)
Experiencias de los adultos mayores en la práctica del Tai Chi Qi Gong. Tumbes, Perú.
Authors: Melgar Morán Carlos Christian
Published: February 2017

El tai-chi qi gong es una combinación de ejercicio físico y técnicas de relajación, utilizado para mejorar la salud física y mental de sus practicantes. Objetivos: develar y analizar comprehensivamente las experiencias de los adultos mayores en la práctica del tai chi qi gong en una posta médica de EsSalud, Tumbes–Perú. Material y métodos:investigación cualitativa, desarrollada bajo el enfoque acción participación. Los sujetos de investigación fueron los adultos mayores que asisten al Programa del Adulto Mayor. La información fue recogida mediante entrevistas a profundidad considerando en todo momento los principios éticos del Informe de Belmont; el tamaño de la muestra se determinó por el método de saturación; obteniéndose siete discursos representativos, el tratamiento de los datos fue mediante el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: I. Tai chi qi gong: una experiencia positiva. II. Experimentado los beneficios del tai chi con las siguientes sub categorías disminuyendo dolencias corporales, aumentado la agilidad corporal, mejorando el estado de ánimo, liberando tensiones mentales. III. Practicando los ejercicios del tai chi en casa. Conclusiones: la práctica del tai chi qi gong tiene consecuencias muy favorables para la salud de los adultos mayores porque permite desarrollar en gran manera el sentido de equilibrio, con un importante mejoramiento de su condición física, funcional y emocional y un claro aumento del nivel de calidad de vida.
Relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación de la familia con un niño con problema neurológico crónico del Servicio de Neuropediatría del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. Lima - Perú.
Authors: Ochoa-Villacorta Silvia Gisella , Villaizan-Paliza Katerine Milagros , Tam-Phun Elena , Gutiérrez-Montes Pedro Antonio
Published: February 2017

Objetivos: determinar la relación del funcionamiento familiar y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación de la familia con un niño con problema neurológico crónico. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó en los meses de marzo a mayo del 2015, en 29 familiares, a quienes seles entrevistó y aplicó el cuestionario, previa firma del consentimiento informado, en un servicio de hospitalización de neuropediatría. Se realizó la validación del instrumento a través de juicio de expertos y prueba piloto obteniendo una confiabilidad de 0,771 de alfa de Crombach. Los datos obtenidos fueron calificados en una base diseñada en el programa Excel, luego se realizó el análisis para ver la relación entre las variables mediante Rho de Spearman en el programa SPSS versión 22. Los resultados se presentan en tablas estadísticas. Resultados: el tipo familiar con mayor porcentaje fue el extremo y de rango medio, con un 48,3%. La capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación en mayor porcentaje fue la de mediano rango 55,2%; y alta, 20,7%. Conclusiones: el funcionamiento familiar tiene tendencia a la disfuncionalidad en la familia con un niño con enfermedad neurológica crónica y presenta mediana capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación con propensión a la baja, no se encontró relación estadística significativa.
Vivencias de ser padre en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública en Jaén - Cajamarca - Perú.
Authors: Díaz Rivadeneira Insolina Raquel , Bringas Abanto Doris Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

Objetivos: analizar comprehensivamente las vivencias de ser padre, en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública de Jaén-Cajamarca. Material y métodos: método fenomenológico. Muestra conformada por diez participantes adultos jóvenes utilizando la técnica de saturación.La recolección de la información se realizó mediante la entrevistasemiestructurada en profundidad. Considerando el consentimiento informado y respetando la confidencialidad y veracidad de los datos. Procesamiento de la información mediante la técnica del análisis temático según Bardin: Pre análisis, transcripción, elección de unidades, codificación y asignación de categorías. Resultados: selección de dos categorías. La primera “inestabilidad emocional”, con tres subcategorías: miedo a perder el apoyo de sus padres para seguir estudiando, angustia ante la reacción de la familia y los amigos y afecto ante el nacimiento de su hijo. La segunda categoría “adaptación a su realidad” dividida en dos subcategorías: postergación de sus proyectos de vida y madurez. Conclusiones: el estudiante, atraviesa todo un proceso emocional y finalmente adopta una posición de responsabilidad, de continuación de sus proyectos pendientes y el reconocimiento del padre hacia el hijo; expresiones afectivas encontradas en el estudio. Vivencias referidas por los participantes ante el nacimiento de un hijo.
Cuidado humanizado de enfermería según la teoría de Jean Watson, servicio de medicina del Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Lima- Callao, 2015.
Authors: Guerrero-Ramírez Rosa , Meneses-La Riva Mónica Elisa , De La Cruz-Ruiz María
Published: February 2017

El Cuidado Humanizado es una necesidad que urge en la práctica profesional y esto se evidencia en las políticas, disposiciones normativas establecidas por las entidades de salud que velan por el derecho de los pacientes y garantizan la calidad del servicio que se brinda. Objetivo: determinar el Cuidado Humanizado que brinda el profesional deEnfermería según la Teoría de Jean Watson, Servicio de Medicina del Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Material y métodos: la población total estuvo conformada 46 profesionales de Enfermería que laboran en los Servicios de Medicina. Resultados: que el Cuidado Humano que ofrece los enfermeros es regular en un 52%, mientras que el 26%, es alto. Según las dimensiones: Satisfacción de necesidades: el cuidado humano e 59% ofrece regular, mientras que el 30% es alto; Habilidades, técnicas de enfermería el cuidado humano de regular 91%, y el nivel bajo 9%. Autocuidado de la profesional es el cuidado humano de regular un 57%, mientras 24% bajo. Aspectos éticos del cuidado el 65% en cuidado humano de regular y el 13% bajo. Relación enfermera- paciente el 65% encuidado humano de regular, y el 20% Alto. Aspectos espirituales en un 87% en cuidado humano de regular, un 4% bajo. Conclusión: el cuidado humanizado es dado en forma regular y es necesario implementar estrategias, planes de mejoras y capacitación continua con la finalidad de generar la sensibilización del personal de enfermería para aplicar buen trato al paciente desde un abordaje basado en valores humanos.
Influencia de los determinantes sociales: Análisis de caso. Monterrey - México.
Authors: Barbosa-Martinez Rosalva C. , Moreno-Monsiváis María Guadalupe , Soltero-Rivera Silvia Guadalupe
Published: February 2017

Objetivos: analizar los diversos determinantes sociales que impactan en el desarrollo y atención de la enfermedad de un caso. Material y métodos: se presenta el caso de una mujer que padece sobrepeso, cáncer de mama y diabetes, quien decide atender sus enfermedades a través de la herbolaria por dificultades económicas y una débil percepción de la importancia de llevar el tratamiento adecuado. Resultados: después de analizar el caso se deduce que están influyendo los siguientes determinantes sociales en su estado de salud: educación, clase social, condiciones de género, empleo, red social, curso de vida y la interacción con prestadores de servicios de salud. Discusión: la pobreza, la clase social y el nivel de educación comúnmente se convierten en un ciclo repetitivo entre las diversas generaciones e influyen indudablemente en su salud. Cuando el nivel de educación es bajo generalmente se lesdificulta tomar consciencia de la gravedad de sus enfermedades, las causas, tratamiento y consecuencias de no llevarlo a cabo. Conclusiones: la atención debe ser individualizada y acorde a las necesidades específicas de los usuarios, donde los determinantes sociales juegan un rol fundamental que requiere ser considerado en el plan de cuidados de atención de salud.
Perspectivas de jóvenes universitarios sobre la educación superior: Una visión intercultural.
Authors: Moncada Fernando Carlos
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo pretendió encontrar respuestas sobre la realidad de la educación superior, que tienen los propios estudiantes universitarios de Lima. Los objetivos que se trazó la investigación giraron en torno de las opiniones, expectativas, comparaciones según regiones y propuesta de mejora del modelo educativo universitario. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por seis estudiantes de ambos sexos que cursaban el primer año de una carrera universitaria en Lima. Las estrategias metodológicas aplicadas fueron de enfoque cualitativo, en su variante fenomenológica-etnográfica y con un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se encontró que estudiar una carrera puede significar una mejora en la situación económica y social dentro de la sociedad. Sin embargo, también es importante realizar cambios sustanciales en la gestión universitaria, tanto en Lima, como en provincias.
Study of Connotation: Kent and Rosanoff’s Test of Association of Words and Ideas in a Creative Perspective
Authors: Efthimiadou Euphrosyne
Published: February 2017

The test of association of words and ideas proposed by Kent and Rosanoff, may be designed as a creative technique to study the mental operations selected by a population. This test has been carried out with two groups of Greek pupils in order to study the gap of the interpretations proposed from the term "watch", an object that is not found only in school, but that reminds to the rhythm of school life and by extension, to the employment of time regulating daily life. The test of association of words and ideas is of interest if one examines, on the one hand, the total of connotations produced by the students and if one compares, on the other hand, the statements of the two groups in relation to their level of studies and to their ability to combine unexpected ideas. The study of connotation for the study of the mechanism of the association of words and ideas from the inducing object of the watch can be used to draw conclusions on the type of mental operations carried out by the two groups of participants in distinguished social and personal areas. Finally, the scope of the interpretation of the inducing object suggested always remains open. Thus, the territory of the associated ideas remains unconquered and reveals the psychology and the inventiveness of the participants.