bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cardiovascular system’s adaptation among judokas of preschool and primary school age (on the example of the general preparatory stage in the yearlong macrocycle)
Authors: Mikhaylova Darya
Published: June 2022

The research touches on an interesting and important scientific problem that lies in the contradiction between two circumstances. The first circumstance is the lowering of the age limit for doing judo. And the second circumstance is the necessity to carefully dosing the load, training young judokas, taking into account their active growth and development. Thus, the analysis of the cardiovascular system’s reactions to the applied load among judokas of preschool and primary school age is relevant and new for experimental research. The purpose of this research is to determine the cardiovascular responses (“costs” / “physiological price”) among judokas of preschool and primary school age to mental and physical stress (using the example of the general preparatory stage in the yearlong macrocycle, in particularly, on the example of the first retracting and the first basic mesocycles). The methods of this research: comparative method, longitudinal method, a method of included pedagogical observation, a method of recording, a method of control tests, a forming natural closed sequential pedagogical experiment (according to the scheme of a single difference), case studies, frequence’s analysis, correlation’s analysis, regression’s analysis, genetic method, theoretical modeling. As a result of the study, a beneficial effect of the pedagogical technology “Safe Judo” on the trainness’s increasing of the cardiovascular system’s functions among judokas of preschool and primary school age was revealed (in particularly, an increasing in systolic blood volume, an increasing in minute blood volume, as well as a decreasing in the number of arrhythmias).
Effect of smooth switching the light on/off under intermittent LED lighting on the productivity of laying hens
Authors: Gladin Dmitry , Kavtarashvili Alexey
Published: June 2022

The influence of smooth switching the light on/off on the productivity and viability of laying hens of the SP-789 cross was studied. In the experiments, three identical groups of 120-day-old birds were formed. In the first preliminary experiment, poultry was raised up to 410 days of age, in the second main experiment it was raised up to 350 days of age. All birds were kept in cage batteries under intermittent LED lighting. The light was turned on at 2-3 am, 8-12 am, and 2-5 pm. In both experiments, lights were switched on and off instantaneously in the control group. In the first preliminary experiment, the sunrise and sunset imitations took place each time the light was switched on and off, and lasted 3 minutes in the experimental group No.1 and 6 minutes in the experimental group No. 2. In the second main experiment, in the experimental group No.1 the mode of imitation of sunrise and sunset was similar to that of the experimental group No. 1 of the first preliminary experiment. In the experimental group No. 2, sunrise was simulated only during the first light turn on, and sunset was simulated during the last light turn off (3 min). The best results were obtained in the group with smooth switching the light on at the beginning of the first photoperiod and smooth switching the light off at the end of the last photoperiod (for 3 min). As compared with control, this group showed an increased livestock livability (91.7%) by 1.9%, egg production (171.6 eggs) and yield of egg weight (9.81 kg) per initial and average laying hen by 7.3% and 6.5%. Feed efficiency per 10 eggs (1.33 kg) and 1 kg of egg weight (2.32 kg) decreased by 5.0% and 4.5% respectively.
Effect of the complex of microelements in the form of L-asparaginates on zootechnical parameters and morphometry of bone and muscle tissue of broiler chickens
Authors: Zhilochkina T.I. , Egorov I.A. , Andrianova E.N. , Mkrtchyan M.E. , Taimusova E.N.
Published: June 2022

In the experiments, five groups of broiler chickens were formed at the Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry” of RAS. As a result of studies it was found that the use of microelement complex in the form of L-asparaginates makes it possible to reduce the addition of iron, manganese, copper and zinc to the mixed fodder by 10% -20% (of the guaranteed norms). At the same time zootechnical parameters of raising broilers remain at a high level Histological studies of bone and muscle tissue samples of broiler chickens from experimental groups showed that good bone tissue formation and muscle tissue quality were observed when mineral premixes were included in the diets. Morphometric studies have shown that in the absence of mineral premixes in the feed, the processes of osteohistogenesis are slowed down, which affects the timeliness of bone formation and its quality. Histological tests confirmed that when chelated compounds of microelements in the form of L-asparaginate are added in the mineral premix in the amount of 10%, 12.5% and 20% of the guaranteed norms of microelements input, the processes of bone tissue formation and quality of muscle tissue were not inferior to the control.
Modeling of technology for cleaning up forest debris of wood natural mortality using the multi-operation machine
Authors: Karpachev S.P. , Diev R.I.
Published: June 2022

The technology of cleaning forests by collecting dead wood and fallen wood and their processing for firewood and woodchips is proposed and investigated. To mechanize this work, it is proposed to use a universal tractor processor patented by the author. The proposed machine is equipped with a splitter head instead of cutting accumulating head to process the trunk part of the tree for firewood. The article presents a conceptual model of such a multi-operation machine and an assessment of its efficiency. The studies were carried out on a mathematical model of the machine by simulation modeling methods. The variant of machine operation with an “infinite” stack of trees was considered. In the model, the time cycles of machine operations were taken as random numbers distributed according to the exponential law. Tree diameters were taken as random numbers obeying the beta-distribution law. Varied were the average cycle time of the splitter head to obtain firewood for one stroke (5-15-25 s) and the average tree diameter (14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 cm). The output value was the hourly capacity of the machine. The modeling showed that with independent operation of the splitter head and chipper, the capacity of the multi-operator machine increases when the cycle time of the splitter head decreases and the diameter of the tree increases. This dependence is nonlinear and is well described by a power function.
Investigation of the length and percentage fiber influence of Typha Australis on biosourced composites
Authors: Ba Labouda , El Abbassi Ikram , Ngo Tien-Tung , Pliya Prosper , Kane Cheikh Sidi Ethmane , Darcherif A-Moumen , Ndongo Mamoudou
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the influence and content of Typha Australis fibers on the thermal and mechanical properties of clay composites. The objective is to find a better combination of length and percentage of fibers. This combination will allow to have a good compromise between thermal and mechanical properties. The results found at the end of this study are conclusive. Indeed, the increase of the length and the percentages of fibres improve the thermal properties but the values of the compressive resistances decrease.
Algorithm for Lane Detection Using Python
Authors: R Kishor , C Archana , Talele Virendra , R Joshi , P Dixit , Rathore S S , V K Mathew
Published: June 2022

Images of the lane given as an input to the algorithm, which will provide information about the lane and the Environmental condition which will be analysed by algorithm inorder to support the driver. The type of lane or the structure of the lane can be a type of information provided by algorithm. While Lane analysis the algorithm will completely ignore the useless information (such as surrounding area of lane or background) and will completely focus on the Lane. Only the lane lines will be the region of Interest in the LDS. The developed system can surely reduce the complexity of vision data and will meet the real time requirements. Based on the problems encountered in detecting objects by autonomous vehicles an effort has been made to demonstrate lane detection using Open CV library.
Numerical simulation study on the effect of electrode embedded with magnesia-carbon material on DC arc characteristics
Authors: Yan Zhaozhao , Zhang Jiongming , Yin Yanbin , Ma Haitao , Liu Huayang , Wu Xingxing
Published: June 2022

A two-dimensional axisymmetric steady-state arc model and a three-dimensional current density distribution model are established in this study, and the effects of electrode embedded with magnesia-carbon material on electrode current density distribution and DC arc characteristics are studied. The results show that when the electrode embedded with magnesia-carbon material is used, the magnesia-carbon material in the electrode is not conductive, and the maximum current density (excluding cathode spots) increases with the increase of the radius of the magnesia-carbon material. Moreover, with the increase of the radius of magnesia-carbon materials, the maximum temperature and maximum axial velocity in the center of the arc, the maximum value of shear force, heat flux and pressure of arc on anode center are reduced, the position of the maximum temperature and the position of the maximum axial velocity migrate from near the cathode to the anode. The other temperature ranges first increase and then decrease in the radial direction, the shear force, heat flux, and pressure of arc on area within a certain distance from the center increases. Therefore, the appropriate radius of magnesia-carbon material can improve the heat transfer conditions and dynamic conditions of the arc on the area near the molten pool center.
Effectiveness of Arsenicum album 30C in Prevention of COVID-19 in Individuals Residing in Containment Zones of Delhi—A Prospective, Community-based, Parallel Cohort Study
Authors: Nayak Debadatta , Nahar Karanpreet , Bhalerao Rupali , Kaur Lovepreet , Parveen Tabassum , Bhalla Ruchika , Michael James , Sharma Swati , Singh Parul , Jainab Afsana , Ram Hanuman , Chaudhuri Abhishek , Parvin Ummesalma , Jain Nidhi , Khurana Anil
Published: June 2022

Objective This work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C against COVID-19.

Design The work was designed as a prospective parallel cluster cohort study.

Intervention Participants were enrolled in a homeopathy intervention (HI) cohort (who received Arsenicum album) or in a non-intervention (NI) cohort (who received no systematic intervention) from COVID-19 containment areas of Delhi. Individuals of age 5 years or above were given four medicated pills of Arsenicum album 30C, while those from 1 to 5 years old were given two medicated pills in each dose.

Results The analysis included 10,180 individuals residing in 11 COVID-19 containment areas in Delhi, out of which 6,590 individuals were in the HI cohort and 3,590 individuals were in the NI cohort. The overall protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C was 83.43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.77 to 88.17): 45 cases per 6,590 (8.34 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the Arsenicum album 30C group versus 143 cases per 3,590 (45.01 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the NI cohort. The protective effect of Arsenicum album 30C against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 was 74.40% (95% CI, 55.08 to 85.41): 18 cases per 6,590 (3.32 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the Arsenicum album 30C group versus 38 cases per 3,590 (11.85 per 10,000 person-weeks) in the NI cohort.

Conclusion The   use of Arsenicum album 30C was associated with some protection against probable and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a containment-zone setting. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm or refute these results.
Artroplastia parcial de ombro guiada por prototipagem tridimensional
Authors: Maia Lucas , Ladeia Kennedy Tavares , Althoff Bernardo Figueira , Marchetto Adriano , Meneghel Diego , Baldo Guilherme Valdir
Published: June 2022

A tecnologia de impressão tridimensional (3D) é uma realidade no âmbito da medicina. Na Ortopedia e Traumatologia, a impressão 3D direciona um tratamento cirúrgico preciso e individualizado. Compreender e difundir suas aplicações, utilidades e resultados pode fomentar o academicismo e melhorar o cuidado ao paciente. Trata-se de relato de um caso raro de uma paciente adulta jovem com osteonecrose da cabeça umeral por necrose avascular desenvolvida na primeira infância. O tratamento foi individualizado e otimizado com a impressão 3D, que ajudou a determinar os passos para o procedimento de artroplastia parcial de úmero.
How can funders promote the use of research? Three converging views on relational research
Authors: Tseng Vivian , Bednarek Angela , Faccer Kristy
Published: June 2022

Although funders are generally acknowledged as important actors in the evidence ecosystem, there has been insufficient analysis of thehowandwhybehind funders’ decisions. This article examines the decision-making of three funders in their support of relational approaches to improve the usefulness and use of research evidence. They compare their work across the disparate policy sectors of education and environmental sustainability in order to bridge the silos that have caused unnecessary duplication of work and obstructed advancements in research utilization. The authors (1) provide individual narratives of their funding experiences including why they prioritized relational approaches and how they supported them; (2) discuss their lessons learned for supporting and promoting relational approaches; and (3) offer recommendations to the broader funding community for strengthening and expanding these approaches. The authors hope the paper provides useful insights into ways funders and their partners can build a stronger and better coordinated evidence ecosystem in which research regularly contributes to improved societal outcomes.
Understanding the role of mechanics in nucleocytoplasmic transport
Authors: Andreu Ion , Granero-Moya Ignasi , Garcia-Manyes Sergi , Roca-Cusachs Pere
Published: June 2022

Cell nuclei are submitted to mechanical forces, which in turn affect nuclear and cell functions. Recent evidence shows that a crucial mechanically regulated nuclear function is nucleocytoplasmic transport, mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Mechanical regulation occurs at two levels: first, by force application to the nucleus, which increases NPC permeability likely through NPC stretch. Second, by the mechanical properties of the transported proteins themselves, as mechanically labile proteins translocate through NPCs faster than mechanically stiff ones. In this perspective, we discuss this evidence and the associated mechanisms by which mechanics can regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins. Finally, we analyze how mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport can provide a systematic approach to the study of mechanobiology and open new avenues both in fundamental and applied research.
Effect of ion partitioning on an oscillatory electro-osmotic flow on solute transport process of fractional Jeffrey fluid through polyelectrolyte-coated nanopore with reversible wall reaction
Authors: Koner Priyanka , Bera Subrata , Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

The ion-partitioning effects on solute transport phenomena of time-periodic electro-osmotic flow in fractional Jeffrey fluid are investigated through a polyelectrolyte layer (PEL)-coated conical nanopore within a reactive wall whose ends are connected with two large reservoirs. By considering the ion-partitioning effects, analytical solutions for the induced potential and the axial velocity are presented, respectively, from the modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation and the Cauchy momentum equation with the proper constitutive equation of the fractional Jeffrey fluid model in the exterior and interior of the PEL. The analytic solution of the convection–diffusion for solute transport is established in the entire domain. The influence of the oscillating Reynolds number Rew, permittivity ratio εr between two mediums, relaxation time λ1ω, retardation time λ2ω, phase partitioning coefficient σp, PEL fixed charge density qfix, Debye–Hückel parameter κa, and softness parameter λs are investigated in this study. Asymptotic solution for the axial velocity was also presented for low-oscillating Reynolds numbers and validated. The maximum axial velocity occurs when the permittivity between the PEL and electrolyte is the same for all models. The volumetric flow rate decreases with the increase in the PEL thickness, positive PEL charge density, and softness parameter in our study. The volume flow rate of the Newtonian fluid increased 24.07% for Maxwell fluid (λ1ω=5, α = 1) and 11.56% for Jeffrey fluid (λ1ω=5, λ1ω=1, α = 1, and β=0.5), when κa=25, Rew = 10, qfix = 5, d = 0.2, εr=0.6, and λs=1.0. The mass transport rate increases with relaxation time, tidal displacement, and permittivity ratio between these layers.
High adherent polyacrylonitrile as a potential binder for high-capacity Fe7S8 cathode
Authors: Chen Shiying , Zou Jian , Gui Ke , Zhou Ge , Li Hong , Wang Liping
Published: June 2022

FeSx (1 ≤ x ≤ 1.14) is one of the most promising conversion-type cathodes as lithium metal batteries due to its low-cost and high energy density. Nevertheless, it suffers from heavy volume change, which brings in fast capacity decay. In this study, we employ four different binders (PVDF, PAN, SBR/CMC, and PAA/CMC) to improve their electrochemical performance. It is found that PAN demonstrates the best performance from 559.5 mAh/g (first) to 458.5 mAh/g (100th) at 0.2 C in the voltage window of 1.0 − 3.0 V. This can be ascribed to its high adhesion strength, good electrical conductivity, low swelling properties, high polarity, and good mechanical stability. The findings highlight the importance of a binder material to guide good cycling stabilities for conversion-type or high-volume change cathodes.
Polar liquids at charged interfaces: A dipolar shell theory
Authors: de Souza J.Pedro , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: June 2022

The structure of polar liquids and electrolytic solutions, such as water and aqueous electrolytes, at interfaces underlies numerous phenomena in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. In this work, we develop a continuum theory that captures the essential features of dielectric screening by polar liquids at charged interfaces, including decaying spatial oscillations in charge and mass, starting from the molecular properties of the solvent. The theory predicts an anisotropic dielectric tensor of interfacial polar liquids previously studied in molecular dynamics simulations. We explore the effect of the interfacial polar liquid properties on the capacitance of the electrode/electrolyte interface and on hydration forces between two plane-parallel polarized surfaces. In the linear response approximation, we obtain simple formulas for the characteristic decay lengths of molecular and ionic profiles at the interface.
Energy, angle, and temperature dependencies of the sticking of D atoms on Li surfaces
Authors: Krstic P. S. , Abe S. , Schiltz-Rouse E. , Ostrowski E. T. , Koel B. E.
Published: June 2022

Detailed experimental and computational information on the response of lithium surfaces to irradiation by slow hydrogenic particles (ions, atoms, molecules) is sparse and mainly speculative. In this work, we present a computational study of the reflection and retention of deuterium (D) atoms at crystalline and amorphous lithium surfaces at 300 and 500 K, where the D atoms have an impact energy in the range of 0.025–5 eV and incident angles of 0° (perpendicular incidence) or 85° (near-grazing incidence). Classical molecular dynamics simulations are performed with the reactive bond-order force field (ReaxFF) potentials. This study provides quantitative information on the deuterium sticking probability and recycling coefficient for lithium surfaces. Our results support the ongoing work at the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-β fusion experiment as well as relevant experiments in the laboratory setting.
Local and diffusive dynamics of LiCl aqueous solutions in pristine and modified silica nanopores
Authors: Schneider S. , Brodrecht M. , Breitzke H. , Wissel T. , Buntkowsky G. , Varol H. S. , Brilmayer R. , Andrieu-Brunsen A. , Vogel M.
Published: June 2022

We use 1H, 2H, and 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate local and diffusive dynamics of LiCl-7H2O and LiCl-7D2O solutions in pristine and functionalized silica nanopores in a component-selective manner. Recently, we showed that the solution dynamics become slower when the diameter of the pristine pores is reduced. Here, we determine the effects of (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and dye surface functionalizations on the motions of the water molecules and lithium ions from ambient temperatures down to the glass transition. The local and diffusive solution dynamics are similar in both functionalized pores but, on average, slower than in pristine pores with comparable diameters. When the exchange between different confinement regions is sufficiently slow at reduced temperatures, bimodal water and lithium dynamics may be observed. We attribute this bimodality to bulk-like motion in the pore centers and slowed-down motion at the pore walls. For the lithium ions, a bimodality observed in the pristine pores is absent in the functionalized ones. We conjecture that the steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions associated with the grafted functional groups interfere with the formation of a defined electric double layer, while the enhanced surface roughness and unequal charge distribution result in overall slower dynamics. Thus, the nature of the walls is an important parameter for the solution dynamics. Thereby, in situ measurements of the pH value inside the silica pores using the grafted dye molecules reveal that observed changes in the pH value in response to the surface functionalization are of limited relevance for the water reorientation.
On-surface synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped covalent-organic frameworks on Ag(111) substrate
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lu Jianchen , Li Baijin , Chen Weiben , Xiong Wei , Ruan Zilin , Zhang Hui , Sun Shijie , Chen Long , Gao Lei , Cai Jinming
Published: June 2022

Atomically precise fabrication of covalent-organic frameworks with well-defined heteroatom-dopant sites and further understanding of their electronic properties at the atomic level remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the bottom-up synthesis of well-organized covalent-organic frameworks doped by nitrogen atoms on an Ag(111) substrate. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy, the atomic structures of the intermediate metal–organic frameworks and the final covalent-organic frameworks are clearly identified. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy characterization reveals that the electronic bandgap of the as-formed N-doped covalent-organic framework is 2.45 eV, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical calculations. The calculated band structure together with the projected density of states analysis clearly unveils that the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the covalent-organic framework backbone will remarkably tune the bandgap owing to the fact that the foreign nitrogen atom has one more electron than the carbon atom. Such covalent-organic frameworks may offer an atomic-scale understanding of the local electronic structure of heteroatom-doped covalent-organic frameworks and hold great promise for all relevant wide bandgap semiconductor technologies, for example, electronics, photonics, high-power and high-frequency devices, and solar energy conversion.
No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services
Authors: Jayaraman Somasundaram , Dalal Ram C.
Published: June 2022

Globally, declining soil quality due to soil degradation is of great concern, and directly affects crop production, soil health and sustainability of natural resources. In conventional farming practices, the loss of fertile topsoil via runoff and erosion from arable land is a big concern. In addition, changes in land use and management practices result in loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by −10–59%. The change from conventional till (CT) with residue burning/removal to no-till (NT) farming with residue retention/conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been recognised as important soil management practices for sustaining soil health and reversing land degradation. Worldwide, NT/CA practices are now being adopted on about 180 million ha (i.e. ∼14% of arable land). CA practices promote soil health by increasing organic carbon, and soil aggregation, thus improving infiltration and minimising erosion losses. In addition, CA has the potential to increase SOC sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and help to mitigate global climate change. Among sustainable food production systems, CA is often advocated with a view to increase food production while conserving natural resources and SOC. This special issue ‘No-till farming: prospects, challenges – productivity, soil health, and ecosystem services’ addresses and critically reviews these important issues and aims to foster awareness of NT farming. The collection of 15 papers lucidly covers various facets of NT farming. A summary and salient findings of these papers are provided in this Editorial. NT farming is a promising practice, which not only improves soil physical, chemical and biological health but also enhances carbon sequestration, crop productivity and mitigates GHG emissions through appropriate crop residue and nutrient management strategies. The adage says ‘one size won’t fit all’ or ‘a single recipe will not solve all problem/challenges’, so we need to adopt site-specific NT systems for higher benefits and productivity and sustaining soil health.
Structural basis for heme detoxification by an ATP-binding cassette–type efflux pump in gram-positive pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Nakamura Hiro , Hisano Tamao , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Tosha Takehiko , Shirouzu Mikako , Shiro Yoshitsugu
Published: June 2022

Bacterial pathogens acquire heme from the host hemoglobin as an iron nutrient for their virulence and proliferation in blood. Concurrently, they encounter cytotoxic-free heme that escapes the heme-acquisition process. To overcome this toxicity, many gram-positive bacteria employ an ATP-binding cassette heme-dedicated efflux pump, HrtBA in the cytoplasmic membranes. Although genetic analyses have suggested that HrtBA expels heme from the bacterial membranes, the molecular mechanism of heme efflux remains elusive due to the lack of protein studies. Here, we show the biochemical properties and crystal structures of
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
HrtBA, alone and in complex with heme or an ATP analog, and we reveal how HrtBA extracts heme from the membrane and releases it. HrtBA consists of two cytoplasmic HrtA ATPase subunits and two transmembrane HrtB permease subunits. A heme-binding site is formed in the HrtB dimer and is laterally accessible to heme in the outer leaflet of the membrane. The heme-binding site captures heme from the membrane using a glutamate residue of either subunit as an axial ligand and sequesters the heme within the rearranged transmembrane helix bundle. By ATP-driven HrtA dimerization, the heme-binding site is squeezed to extrude the bound heme. The mechanism sheds light on the detoxification of membrane-bound heme in this bacterium.
Superfast excitation–contraction coupling in adult zebrafish skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Idoux Romane , Bretaud Sandrine , Berthier Christine , Ruggiero Florence , Jacquemond Vincent , Allard Bruno
Published: June 2022

The zebrafish has emerged as a very relevant animal model for probing the pathophysiology of human skeletal muscle disorders. This vertebrate animal model displays a startle response characterized by high-frequency swimming activity powered by contraction of fast skeletal muscle fibers excited at extremely high frequencies, critical for escaping predators and capturing prey. Such intense muscle performance requires extremely fast properties of the contractile machinery but also of excitation–contraction coupling, the process by which an action potential spreading along the sarcolemma induces a change in configuration of the dihydropyridine receptors, resulting in intramembrane charge movements, which in turn triggers the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, thus far, the fastest Ca2+ transients evoked by vertebrate muscle fibers has been described in muscles used to produce sounds, such as those in the toadfish swim bladder, but not in muscles used for locomotion. By performing intracellular Ca2+ measurements under voltage control in isolated fast skeletal muscle fibers from adult zebrafish and mouse, we demonstrate that fish fast muscle fibers display superfast kinetics of action potentials, intramembrane charge movements, and action potential–evoked Ca2+ transient, allowing fusion and fused sustained Ca2+ transients at frequencies of excitation much higher than in mouse fast skeletal muscle fibers and comparable to those recorded in muscles producing sounds. The present study is the first demonstration of superfast kinetics of excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal muscle allowing superfast locomotor behaviors in a vertebrate.
Dual functions of alternating current electroluminescent device for light emission and humidity detection
Authors: Saengsonachai Alisa , Seekaew Yotsarayuth , Traiwatcharanon Pranlekha , Wongchoosuk Chatchawal
Published: June 2022

Alternating current electroluminescent (AC-EL) device can be considered as a potential candidate for next generation of multifunctional light-emitting sources. In this work, we present a new design of AC-EL device with inclusion of a silver oxide humidity-sensing layer instead of an insulating buffer layer for humidity detection. The ZnS:Cu, Cl and ZnS:Ag+(Zn,Cd)S:Ag phosphors were used as an emissive layer prepared by screen printing method. The silver oxide (AgO/Ag2O) nanoparticles synthesized via a green method were employed as a humidity sensing layer. The developed AC-EL devices exhibited high response, good productivity, high stability, high repeatability and linear relationship with humidity in range of 10%–90% RH as well as no significant effects with several VOCs/gases such as NH3, CO2, acetone, methanol, toluene and propan at room temperature. The effects of parameters such as excitation frequency, applied voltage, and waveforms on the luminance intensity are discussed. The development of the present AC-EL device offers a simplified architecture to enable sensing functions of the AC-EL device via monitoring of light emission changing.
Transit-guided radiation therapy: proof of concept of an on-line technique for correcting position errors using transit portal images
Authors: Latorre-Musoll Artur , Delgado-Tapia Paula , Gisbert María Lizondo , Sala Núria Jornet , Sempau Josep
Published: June 2022

Objective. Transit in vivo dosimetry methods monitor that the dose distribution is delivered as planned. However, they have a limited ability to identify and to quantify the cause of a given disagreement, especially those caused by position errors. This paper describes a proof of concept of a simple in vivo technique to infer a position error from a transit portal image (TPI). Approach. For a given treatment field, the impact of a position error is modeled as a perturbation of the corresponding reference (unperturbed) TPI. The perturbation model determines the patient translation, described by a shift vector, by comparing a given in vivo TPI to the corresponding reference TPI. Patient rotations can also be determined by applying this formalism to independent regions of interest over the patient. Eight treatment plans have been delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom under a large set of couch shifts (<15 mm) and rotations (<10°) to experimentally validate this technique, which we have named Transit-Guided Radiation Therapy (TGRT). Main results. The root mean squared error (RMSE) between the determined and the true shift magnitudes was 1.0/2.4/4.9 mm for true shifts ranging between 0–5/5–10/10–15 mm, respectively. The angular accuracy of the determined shift directions was 12° ± 14°. The RMSE between the determined and the true rotations was 0.5°. The TGRT technique decoupled translations and rotations satisfactorily. In 96% of the cases, the TGRT technique decreased the existing position error. The detection threshold of the TGRT technique was around 1 mm and it was nearly independent of the tumor site, delivery technique, beam energy or patient thickness. Significance. TGRT is a promising technique that not only provides reliable determinations of the position errors without increasing the required equipment, acquisition time or patient dose, but it also adds on-line correction capabilities to existing methods currently using TPIs.
A lightweight 3D UNet model for glioma grading
Authors: Yu Xuan , Wu Yaping , Bai Yan , Han Hui , Chen Lijuan , Gao Haiyan , Wei Huanhuan , Wang Meiyun
Published: June 2022

Objective. Glioma is one of the most fatal cancers in the world which has been divided into low grade glioma (LGG) and high grade glioma (HGG), and its image grading has become a hot topic of contemporary research. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a vital diagnostic tool for brain tumor detection, analysis, and surgical planning. Accurate and automatic glioma grading is crucial for speeding up diagnosis and treatment planning. Aiming at the problems of (1) large number of parameters, (2) complex calculation, and (3) poor speed of the current glioma grading algorithms based on deep learning, this paper proposes a lightweight 3D UNet deep learning framework, which can improve classification accuracy in comparison with the existing methods. Approach. To improve efficiency while maintaining accuracy, existing 3D UNet has been excluded, and depthwise separable convolution has been applied to 3D convolution to reduce the number of network parameters. The weight of parameters on the basis of space and channel compression & excitation module has been strengthened to improve the model in the feature map, reduce the weight of redundant parameters, and strengthen the performance of the model. Main results. A total of 560 patients with glioma were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent MRI before surgery. The experiments were carried out on T1w, T2w, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and CET1w images. Additionally, a way of marking tumor area by cube bounding box is presented which has no significant difference in model performance with the manually drawn ground truth. Evaluated on test datasets using the proposed model has shown good results (with accuracy of 89.29%). Significance. This work serves to achieve LGG/HGG grading by simple, effective, and non-invasive diagnostic approaches to provide diagnostic suggestions for clinical usage, thereby facilitating hasten treatment decisions.
Assessing liver fibrosis distribution through liver elasticity estimates obtained using a biomechanical model of respiratory motion with magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Fujimoto Koya , Shiinoki Takehiro , Yuasa Yuki , Kawazoe Yusuke , Yamane Masatoshi , Sera Tatsuhiro , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: June 2022

Objective. This study aimed to produce a three-dimensional liver elasticity map using the finite element method (FEM) and respiration-induced motion captured by T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (FEM-E-map) and to evaluate whether FEM-E-maps can be an imaging biomarker comparable to magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for assessing the distribution and severity of liver fibrosis. Approach. We enrolled 14 patients who underwent MRI and MRE. T1-weighted MR images were acquired during shallow inspiration and expiration breath-holding, and the displacement vector field (DVF) between two images was calculated using deformable image registration. FEM-E-maps were constructed using FEM and DVF. First, three Poisson’s ratio settings (0.45, 0.49, and 0.499995) were validated and optimized to minimize the difference in liver elasticity between the FEM-E-map and MRE. Then, the whole and regional liver elasticity values estimated using FEM-E-maps were compared with those obtained from MRE using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Spearman rank correlations and chi-square histograms were used to compare the voxel-level elasticity distribution. Main results. The optimal Poisson’s ratio was 0.49. Whole liver elasticity estimated using FEM-E-maps was strongly correlated with that measured using MRE (r = 0.96). For regional liver elasticity, the correlation was 0.84 for the right lobe and 0.82 for the left lobe. Spearman analysis revealed a moderate correlation for the voxel-level elasticity distribution between FEM-E-maps and MRE (0.61 ± 0.10). The small chi-square distances between the two histograms (0.11 ± 0.07) indicated good agreement. Significance. FEM-E-maps represent a potential imaging biomarker for visualizing the distribution of liver fibrosis using only T1-weighted images obtained with a common MR scanner, without any additional examination or special elastography equipment. However, additional studies including comparisons with biopsy findings are required to verify the reliability of this method for clinical application.
Anomalous periodicity in superpositions of localized periodic patterns
Authors: Amit Omer , Dobkowski Or , Zhou Zhifan , Margalit Yair , Japha Yonathan , Moukouri Samuel , Meir Yigal , Horovitz Baruch , Folman Ron
Published: June 2022

Interference between overlapping periodic patterns gives rise to important phenomena, such as Moiré fringes, appearing when the patterns have different periods or orientations. Here we present a novel phenomenon, applicable to both the classical and quantum regimes, where two one-dimensional localized periodic patterns with the same period interfere to create fringes with anomalous periodicity. We analyze the effect theoretically and demonstrate it with atomic matter waves. When a central parameter of the system is scanned continuously, we observe a discontinuous but piecewise-rigid periodicity of the resulting fringes. We show that this is a universal phenomenon that emerges from a superposition of two spatially shifted localized periodic patterns of any source or nature when they interfere with a global phase difference. The rigidity of the spectrum becomes even more robust for a coherent superposition of non-overlapping wavepackets, although the conventional interferometric visibility drops to zero. The effect is expected to appear in space and time, as well as in the momentum distribution of quantum particles.
The Lie symmetry analysis and dynamics of exact solutions for variable coefficients (2+1)-dimensional coupled burgers equation
Authors: Liu Jinzhou , Yan Xinying , Jin Meng , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: June 2022

In this article, the (2+1)-dimensional variable coefficients coupled Burgers equation (vcCBE) is investigated for the first time with the help of Lie symmetry analysis method. This equation is an important nonlinear physical model. The optimal system of the (2+1)-dimensional vcCBE is analyzed by Olver’s method. Then, the (2+1)-dimensional vcCBE is reduced on the basis of the optimal system to multiple sets of (1+1)-dimensional equations. Various types of soliton solutions are obtained by solving the reduced equations. The

G
′

/

G

-expansion method, tanh-coth method, and Riccati equation method are used respectively. Finally, the obtained solutions are analyzed dynamically and their kinetic behavior is investigated.
The effect of different dopants and their positions on the magnetic properties of an armchair antimonene nanoribbon: comprehensive theoretical investigation
Authors: Hasanpour Kashani Sharareh , Barvestani Jamal , Meshginqalam Bahar
Published: June 2022

In this work, using density functional theory, we have studied the magnetic properties of an armchair antimonone nanoribbon doped with transition metal (TM) atoms (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr) in various positions and different number of impurity atoms. The results show that the investigated magnetic properties, such as spin band gap, spin polarization and magnetic moment vary with type and distance from the edge of the ribbon and the number of impurities. The obtained values of magnetic moment reveal, Mn-doped nanoribbons have greater magnetization than Fe, Cr, V, Ni and Co doped ones. Also, spin polarization with significant values is observed in Mn and Fe doped structures. Our calculated spin currents demonstrate that introducing of TM dopants leads to efficient separation of spin up and down currents. Interestingly, nanoribbons with Mn, Cr and V dopants show high spin filter efficiency in a wide range of voltages. Thus, it seems that our results prepare a promising way to nanoscale spintronic devices.
Generation of elliptical airy vortex beams based on all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Xue Xiao-Ju , Xu Bi-Jun , Wu Bai-Rui , Wang Xiao-Gang , Yu Xin-Ning , Lin Lu , Li Hong-Qiang
Published: June 2022

Elliptical airy vortex beams (EAVBs) can spontaneously form easily identifiable topological charge focal spots. They are used for topological charge detection of vortex beams because they have the abruptly autofocusing properties of circular airy vortex beams and exhibit unique propagation characteristics. We study the use of the dynamic phase and Pancharatnam–Berry phase principles for generation and modulation of EAVBs by designing complex-amplitude metasurface and phase-only metasurface, at an operating wavelength of 1500 nm. It is found that the focusing pattern of EAVBs in the autofocusing plane splits into |m|+1 tilted bright spots from the original ring, and the tilted direction is related to the sign of the topological charge number m. Due to the advantages of ultra-thin, ultra-light, and small size of the metasurface, our designed metasurface device has potential applications in improving the channel capacity based on orbital angular momentum communication, information coding, and particle capture compared to spatial light modulation systems that generate EAVBs.
Decay widths of Z

cs
(3985/4000) based on rigorous quark-hadron duality*
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang
Published: June 2022

In this study, we explore the hadronic coupling constants

,

, and

of the exotic states

within the pictures of both the tetraquark and molecular states with the tentative assignments

based on rigorous quark-hadron duality. Subsequently, we obtain the total widths

and

, which are consistent with experimental values from the BESIII collaboration,

, and LHCb collaboration,

, respectively, and support assigning

and

as the hidden-charm tetraquark and molecular states with

, respectively.
Complex dynamical properties of coupled Van der Pol–Duffing oscillators with balanced loss and gain
Authors: Roy Puspendu , Ghosh Pijush K
Published: June 2022

We consider a Hamiltonian system of coupled Van der Pol–Duffing (VdPD) oscillators with balanced loss and gain. The system is analyzed perturbatively by using renormalization group (RG) techniques as well as multiple scale analysis (MSA). Both the methods produce identical results in the leading order of the perturbation. The RG flow equation is exactly solvable and the slow variation of amplitudes and phases in time can be computed analytically. The system is analyzed numerically and shown to admit periodic solutions in regions of parameter-space, confirming the results of the linear stability analysis and perturbation methods. The complex dynamical behavior of the system is studied in detail by using time-series, Poincaré-sections, power-spectra, auto-correlation function and bifurcation diagrams. The Lyapunov exponents are computed numerically. The numerical analysis reveals chaotic behaviour in the system beyond a critical value of the parameter that couples the two VdPD oscillators through linear coupling, thereby providing yet another example of Hamiltonian chaos in a system with balanced loss and gain. Further, we modify the nonlinear terms of the model to make it a non-Hamiltonian system of coupled VdPD oscillators with balanced loss and gain. The non-Hamiltonian system is analyzed perturbatively as well as numerically and shown to posses regular periodic as well as chaotic solutions. It is seen that the

P
T

-symmetry is not an essential requirement for the existence of regular periodic solutions in both the Hamiltonian as well as non-Hamiltonian systems.
Koopman analysis of quantum systems*
Authors: Klus Stefan , Nüske Feliks , Peitz Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Koopman operator theory has been successfully applied to problems from various research areas such as fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics, climate science, engineering, and biology. Applications include detecting metastable or coherent sets, coarse-graining, system identification, and control. There is an intricate connection between dynamical systems driven by stochastic differential equations and quantum mechanics. In this paper, we compare the ground-state transformation and Nelson’s stochastic mechanics and demonstrate how data-driven methods developed for the approximation of the Koopman operator can be used to analyze quantum physics problems. Moreover, we exploit the relationship between Schrödinger operators and stochastic control problems to show that modern data-driven methods for stochastic control can be used to solve the stationary or imaginary-time Schrödinger equation. Our findings open up a new avenue toward solving Schrödinger’s equation using recently developed tools from data science.
Evaluation of experimental corn hybrids on the development of morphometric parameters
Authors: Gutorova O V , Zaitsev S A , Matyushin P A , Lyovkina A Yu , Babushkin D D
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the study of new hybrid combinations of rediploid maize lines obtained by the diallelic scheme of crossing. The experiment involved simple hybrids of six homozygous lines. The degree of manifestation of heterosis according to the main morphometric parameters of the plant (stem length, ear height, panicle length, stem diameter), as well as the combinative ability of lines and components of genetic dispersion, was revealed. The ways of possible use of lines and hybrids in the breeding process are noted - for tall stature, resistance to lodging, manufacturability. The influence of overdominance in the manifestation of the length of the panicle and the diameter of the stem and the predominance of additive effects in the formation of the height of the ear were noted. Analysis of the components made it possible to identify the number of genes or groups of genes that influenced the manifestation of traits in 2021 (stem length - 1-2, cob height - 2-3, panicle length - 1-2, stem diameter - 2-3). A significant influence of cultivation conditions on the manifestation of the length of the stem, the height of the cob, the length of the panicle, and the diameter of the stem was noted.1.
The state of regional natural monuments as a result of anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Bazhenova O V , Ivanishcheva E A , Zolotova O A , Osolodkina A F , Sokolova E N
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of field research of the character and intensity of anthropogenic impact on the territory of natural monuments of regional significance on the example of the Vologda region. It describes the main types of anthropogenic impacts on natural monuments. Overall, the article presents and proves with examples 8 types of anthropogenic impacts and their manifestation on the territory of 73 natural monuments of the Vologda region and its adjacent areas. Intensive recreation is the dominant type of impact. It is found that about 85% of the monuments are subject to anthropogenic impacts and are in dire need of protected areas allocation.