bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and characterization of the sucrose synthase 2 gene (Sus2) in sugarcane based molecular markers
Authors: RINA SRI KASIAMDARI  , DEA FEBIANSI  , HERI PRABOWO  , Aristya Ganies Riza , ARNI MUSTHOFA
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Kasiamdari RS, Febiansi D, Prabowo H, Aristya GR, Musthofa A. 2019. Genetic variation and characterization of the sucrose synthase 2 gene (Sus2) in sugarcane based molecular markers. Biodiversitas 20: 3087-3096. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genotype is one of the sugar-producing plants and an important commodity to support the community’s economy. Plant breeders continuously cross-breed these plants to obtain cultivars with desirable traits to produce a variety of new phenotypes. An analysis of variation at gene-level is carried out as an important step in plant breeding programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine genetic variation and characterize the sucrose synthase 2 gene (Sus2) based on molecular markers. Twenty sugarcane cultivars were sampled from Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (BALITTAS) Malang and four sugarcane cultivars from PT. Madu Baru in Polosio A Plantation, Poncosari, Srandakan, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. DNAs were amplified using two primer pairs, i.e. AI and SMC226CG. The genetic variations of the twenty-four sugarcane cultivars were analyzed by constructing a dendrogram of the Amplified DNA using Multi-Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) software. The results showed that there were three large clusters, namely Cluster A consisting of ‘PS 865’, ‘PS 951’, ‘PS 921’, and ‘PS 58’, with a similarity index of 57%; Cluster B consisting of the sugarcane ‘Kentung’, with a similarity index of 33%; and cluster C consisting of the sugarcane ‘PSDK 923’, ‘PSBM 901’, ‘TLH 2’, ‘BL’, ‘PSJT 941’, ‘KK’, ‘PS 80.1649’, ‘PSCO 902’, ‘PS 80,910’, ‘PS 882’, ‘PS 862’, ‘PS 851’, ‘PS 881’, ‘PS 865’, ‘PS 384’, ‘VMC 76-16’, ‘BZ 132’, ‘PS 891’, ‘PS 41’ with a similarity index of 60%. Polymorphisms occurred after the DNAs were amplified and after the bands appeared in heterozygous and homozygous individuals. In sugarcane, the Sus2 gene when detected by the molecular marker primer AI showed high-sucrose sugarcane; whereas the Sus2 gene detected by the primer SMC226CG showed low-sucrose sugarcane. Results of the present study showed that all sugarcane samples were detected as having low sucrose except Bulu Lawang and Kentung cultivars.
Conservative management of staghorn stones
Authors: Alsawi M , Amer T , Mariappan M , Nalagatla S , Ramsay A , Aboumarzouk O
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Since the seminal works by Singh and Blandy in the 1970s, the management of staghorn stones has almost exclusively involved surgical intervention. In contrast, a more recent study found that conservative management was not as unsafe as previously believed. The present review sought to examine the available literature to understand the implications of a conservative strategy.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was carried out using MEDLINE®, Embase™ and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All papers looking at management of staghorn calculi were reviewed and studies with a conservative management arm were identified. Outcomes of interest were recurrent or severe urinary tract infections, progressive renal deterioration, dialysis requirements, morbidity and disease specific mortality. Owing to the lack of relevant data, a descriptive review was carried out.

Results

Our literature search yielded 10 suitable studies involving a total of 304 patients with staghorn stones managed conservatively. Progressive renal deterioration occurred in 0–100% of cases (mean 27.5%) with a higher rate among bilateral staghorn sufferers (44% vs 9%). Dialysis was required in 9% of patients (20% bilateral, 6% unilateral). The mean rate of severe infection was 8.7% and recurrent urinary tract infections occurred in as high as 50% of cases (80% bilateral, 41% unilateral). Disease specific mortality ranged from 0% to 67% (mean 20.5%).

Conclusions

It appears that conservative management of staghorn calculi is not as unsafe as previously thought and selection of patients with unilateral asymptomatic stones with minimal infection should be considered.
Sexual harassment at a Spanish public university: an examination of victims’ experiences by gender and campus status
Authors: Ferrer-Pérez Victoria A , Bosch-Fiol Esperanza
Published: January 2020

The current study analyses the prevalence of sexual harassment among staff and undergraduate students at a Spanish public university. The EASIS-U, a 38-item questionnaire, was administered to a sample of 1,521 university students, and 172 staff members. Results show that 26.4% of teaching and research staff (TRS), 28.3% of administrative staff (AS), and 15.9% of the students had experienced at least one episode of sexual blackmail behaviour; 30.9% of TRS, 27.0% of AS and 16.0% of the students had experienced at least one episode of physical sexual harassment; and 23.7% of TRS, 34.4% of AS and 17.1% of the students had experienced at least one episode of verbal sexual harassment. A comparison of staff and students revealed significant differences in prevalence rates, with staff reporting higher rates of unwanted contact than students. Contrary to expectations, male students reported more sexual harassment than did female students. We analyse the possible reasons for these results.
Progress in the measurement and reduction of thermal noise in optical coatings for gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Granata M. , Amato A. , Cagnoli G. , Coulon M. , Degallaix J. , Forest D. , Mereni L. , Michel C. , Pinard L. , Sassolas B. , Teillon J.
Published: January 2020

Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest worldwide research activity on low-noise coatings, with a focus on the results obtained at the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés. We report new updated values for the

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coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA detectors, and new results from sputtered

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, and silicon nitride coatings. Amorphous silicon, crystalline coatings, high-temperature deposition, multi-material coatings, and composite layers are also briefly discussed, together with the latest developments in structural analyses and models.
Iterative retrieval method for ocean attenuation profiles measured by airborne lidar
Authors: Liu Hang , Chen Peng , Mao Zhihua , Pan Delu
Published: January 2020

Lidar remote sensing for ocean optical properties has been increasingly applied because of its ability to provide vertical structure information, which cannot be directly obtained by ocean color remote sensing. However, the application of this technology demands an inversion method to infer two quantities, i.e., attenuation and backscatter, from a single measurement. Here, a new iterative retrieval method is demonstrated to deduce the attenuation coefficient from ocean lidar return signals. One calculates the logarithmic backscatter-to-attenuation ratio

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by an iterative solution based on a bio-optical model. Procedural examples of lidar-processing results—from raw data to attenuation—are presented, and the inversion results are compared with in situ measurements. The correlation coefficient R between the lidar-retrieval and in situ measurements is 0.8, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.032. We then map the vertical structure of the lidar-retrieved attenuation along airborne lidar flight tracks and discuss the influences of

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, the reference depth

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, and the reference value

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. Consequently, the reference value has little influence on the results for high-optical-thickness water, and

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is the main error source in lidar return inversion. Primary results indicate that this method provides a more accurate

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and improves the inversion accuracy of the lidar attenuation coefficient.
1/f noise analysis of 980  nm InGaAs/GaAs laser diodes below the lasing threshold
Authors: Chen Xiaojuan , Qu Chang
Published: January 2020

We present a

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noise model of 980 nm InGaAs/GaAs laser diodes (LDs) operated below the lasing threshold to study the correlation between

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noise and fluctuation of surface nonradiative recombination current

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. In InGaAs/GaAs LDs, nonradiative recombination current components have been identified as being primarily related to surface recombination, which depends on surface oxide traps and lattice dislocation. An analysis of the experimental comparison of

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and

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noise spectral density with constant current and temperature aging tests further shows the correlation and verifies the

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noise model, which can be interpreted as a change in carriers and trap density of a certain surface. This model permits facet stability to be investigated.
Modifications of ion beam sputtered tantala thin films by secondary argon and oxygen bombardment
Authors: Yang Le , Randel Emmett , Vajente Gabriele , Ananyeva Alena , Gustafson Eric , Markosyan Ashot , Bassiri Riccardo , Fejer Martin , Menoni Carmen
Published: January 2020

Amorphous tantala (

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or

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bombardment. Under the conditions of the experiment, the as-deposited thin films are amorphous and stoichiometric. The refractive index and optical band gap of thin films remain unchanged by ion bombardment. Around 20% improvement in room temperature mechanical loss and 60% decrease in absorption loss are found in samples bombarded with 100-eV

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. A detrimental influence from low energy

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bombardment on absorption loss and mechanical loss is observed. Low energy

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bombardment removes excess oxygen point defects, while

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bombardment introduces defects into the tantala films.
SNR enhancement in brillouin microspectroscopy using spectrum reconstruction
Authors: Xiang YuChen , Foreman Matthew R. , Török Peter
Published: January 2020

Brillouin spectroscopy can suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Such low SNRs can render common data analysis protocols unreliable, especially for SNRs below ∼10. In this work we exploit two denoising algorithms, namely maximum entropy reconstruction (MER) and wavelet analysis (WA), to improve the accuracy and precision in determination of Brillouin shifts and linewidth. Algorithm performance is quantified using Monte-Carlo simulations and benchmarked against the Cramér-Rao lower bound. Superior estimation results are demonstrated even at low SNRs (≥ 1). Denoising is furthermore applied to experimental Brillouin spectra of distilled water at room temperature, allowing the speed of sound in water to be extracted. Experimental and theoretical values were found to be consistent to within ±1% at unity SNR.
Towards high power longwave mid-IR frequency combs: power scalability of high repetition-rate difference-frequency generation
Authors: Cao Qian , Kärtner Franz X. , Chang Guoqing
Published: January 2020

Frequency combs in the mid-IR wavelength are usually implemented by difference-frequency generation (DFG) that mixes pump pulses and signal pulses. Different from most optical parametric amplifiers that operate at a typical low repetition rate of <0.1 MHz, mid-IR frequency combs require that pump/signal pulse repetition rate must be at least as high as tens of MHz (normally >30 MHz). The DFG mixing high repetition rate (HRR) pulses limits the allowed pulse energy to prevent crystal damage. In this paper, we numerically investigate HRR DFG with a focus on the energy scalability of idler pulses. We show that HRR DFG–unlike optical parametric amplifiers–may operate in the linear regime, in which the idler pulse energy scales linearly with respect to the pump/signal pulse energy. Our simulation results suggest an efficient approach to energy scaling the idler mid-IR pulses in a HRR DFG: increase the signal pulse energy to the same level as the pump pulse energy. We also show that DFG seeded by pump/signal pulses at ∼2-µm range benefits from reduced group-velocity mismatch and exhibits better idler energy scalability. For example, 44.2-nJ pulses at 9.87 µm can be achieved by mixing 500-nJ, 2.0-µm pump pulses and 100-nJ, 2.508-µm signal pulses in a 2-mm-thick GaSe crystal. At the end of this paper, we show that such high-energy signal pulses can be derived from the pump pulses using a recently invented fiber-optic method. Therefore, implementation of high-power (>2 W) longwave mid-IR frequency combs is practically feasible.
Engineering novel tunable optical high-Q nanoparticle array filters for a wide range of wavelengths
Authors: Utyushev A. D. , Isaev I. L. , Gerasimov V. S. , Ershov A. E. , Zakomirnyi V. I. , Rasskazov I. L. , Polyutov S. P. , Ågren H. , Karpov S. V.
Published: January 2020

The interaction of non-monochromatic radiation with arrays comprising plasmonic and dielectric nanoparticles has been studied using the finite-difference time-domain electrodynamics method. It is shown that LiNbO3, TiO2, GaAs, Si, and Ge all-dielectric nanoparticle arrays can provide a complete selective reflection of an incident plane wave within a narrow spectral line of collective lattice resonance with a Q-factor of 103 or larger at various spectral ranges, while plasmonic refractory TiN and chemically stable Au nanoparticle arrays provide high-Q resonances with moderate reflectivity. Arrays with fixed dimensional parameters make it possible to fine-tune the position of a selected resonant spectral line by tilting the array relative to the direction of the incident radiation. These effects provide grounds for engineering novel selective tunable optical high-Q filters in a wide range of wavelengths, from visible to middle-IR.
High-average-power picosecond mid-infrared OP-GaAs OPO
Authors: Fu Qiang , Xu Lin , Liang Sijing. , Shardlow Peter C. , Shepherd David P. , Alam Shaif-ul , Richardson David J.
Published: January 2020

We report a high-average-power mid-infrared picosecond (ps) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs), with wide wavelength tunability. The OP-GaAs OPO is synchronously pumped by a thulium-doped-fiber (TDF) master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), seeded by a gain-switched laser diode. At a pump power of 35.3 W and a repetition rate of 100 MHz, a maximum OPO total average output power of 9.7 W (signal 5.7 W (0.60 kW peak power), idler 4.0 W (0.42 kW peak power)) is obtained at signal and idler wavelengths of 3093 nm and 5598 nm, and a thermally induced power roll-off is observed. To mitigate the thermal effects, an optical chopper is placed before the OPO to provide burst mode operation and a reduced thermal load. We achieved a linear growth in OPO output power over the full range of available pump powers in this instance confirming thermal effects as the origin of the roll-off observed under continuous pumping. We estimate the maximum peak powers of the signal and idler are estimated to be over 0.79 kW and 0.58 kW, respectively in this instance. A wide mid-infrared wavelength tuning range of 2895-3342 nm (signal) and 4935-6389 nm (idler) is demonstrated.
Single-shot freeform surface profiler
Authors: Seo Yong Bum , Jeong Hyo Bin , Rhee Hyug-Gyo , Ghim Young-Sik , Joo Ki-Nam
Published: January 2020

We propose a novel and simple method of single-shot freeform surface profiler based on spatially phase-shifted lateral shearing interferometry. By the adoption of birefringent materials, the laterally shearing waves are simply generated without any bulky and complicated optical components. Moreover, the phase maps that lead to the 3D profile of the freeform surface can be instantly obtained by the spatial phase-shifting technique using a pixelated polarizing camera. The proposed method was theoretically described and verified by measuring several samples in comparison to the measurement results with a well-established stylus probe.
Terahertz photonic integrated circuit for frequency tuning and power modulation
Authors: Kundu I. , Freeman J. R. , Dean P. , Li L. H. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G.
Published: January 2020

The quantum cascade laser is a powerful solid-state source of terahertz-frequency radiation. However, integrating multiple photonic functions into a monolithic platform in this frequency range is non-trivial due to the scaling of photonic structures for the long terahertz wavelengths and the low frequency tuning coefficients of the quantum cascade lasers. Here, we have designed a simple terahertz-frequency photonic integrated circuit by coupling a racetrack resonator with a ridge laser in the longitudinal direction to design a notch filter. The transmission properties of this filter structure are dependent on the phase matching and losses in the coupled racetrack and results in a comb of stopband frequencies. We have optimized the comb separation by carefully selecting the cavity dimensions of the racetrack resonator to suppress longitudinal modes in the ridge laser enabling single-mode emission. The emission frequencies and output power from laser are controlled through appropriate control of drive currents to the ridge and the racetrack resonator. The emission frequency is electrically tuned over ∼81 GHz exploiting Stark shift of the gain as a function of drive current at the ridge laser, coinciding with an output power variation of ∼27% of the peak power (at a heat sink temperature of 50 K). The output power from the ridge also varied by ∼30% and the frequency was tuned by a further 10 GHz when the driving conditions at the ridge laser are invariant and the current at the racetrack resonator was varied. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a frequency engineering, tuning and power modulation of terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers using a photonic integrated circuit.
Gate-controlled terahertz focusing based on graphene-loaded metasurface
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Liu Weiguang , Wang Guocui , Wang Zongyuan , Khalid Ata Ur Rahman , Hu Bin , Liu Juan , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2020

Metasurfaces have proven their great application potentials in terahertz (THz) wave modulations. However, realizing an active metasurface retaining lensing functionality in the THz frequency regime is still highly desired. Here a metalens, featuring electrically tunable focal length, based on propagation phase delay, is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. To have full control over the designed lens functionality, a gold thin film etched with a C-shaped aperture antenna array covered by monolayer graphene is used. By applying a bias voltage to the graphene, the phase control of the antenna array is changed, and thus the focus of the linearly polarized THz beam can be flexibly tuned from 7.13mm to 8.25mm. The proposed approach has a promising perspective for a variety of applications in communication, reconfigurable flat optics and real-time imaging in THz regime.
Ultrasensitive refractive index sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect through cascaded fiber core-offset pairs
Authors: Li Jiewen , Zhang Meng , Wan Minggui , Lin Chunli , Huang Shihong , Liu Cuihong , He Qingping , Qiu Xiaozhong , Fang Xiaohui
Published: January 2020

An ultrasensitive refractive index (RI) sensor based on enhanced Vernier effect is proposed, which consists of two cascaded fiber core-offset pairs. One pair functions as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the other with larger core offset as a low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). In traditional Vernier-effect based sensors, an interferometer insensitive to environment change is used as sensing reference. Here in the proposed sensor, interference fringes of the MZI and the FPI shift to opposite directions as ambient RI varies, and to the same direction as surrounding temperature changes. Thus, the envelope of superimposed fringe manifests enhanced Vernier effect for RI sensing while reduced Vernier effect for temperature change. As a result, an ultra-high RI sensitivity of -87261.06 nm/RIU is obtained near the RI of 1.33 with good linearity, while the temperature sensitivity is as low as 204.7 pm/ °C. The proposed structure is robust and of low cost. Furthermore, the proposed scheme of enhanced Vernier effect provides a new perspective and idea in other sensing field.
Dual wavelength evanescent coupler for nonlinear GaP-based microdisk resonators
Authors: Lorenzo-Ruiz Alejandro , Cornet Charles , Beck Alexandre , Léger Yoan
Published: January 2020

Wavelength conversion is one of the most demanded features in integrated photonics. During the last decade, second harmonic generation (SHG) in III-V semiconductor microdisks has been demonstrated to be an efficient way to achieve such conversion with particularly compact devices. Optimized coupling of both wavelengths to these devices still remains as a challenge. Here we compare three different approaches for vertical coupling between integrated waveguides and a III-V microdisk resonator in which SHG occurs: two well-established schemes and a new one using a single slit waveguide as an evanescent coupler.
Del fin de recursos humanos a la emergencia de talento
Authors: Sánchez-Bayón Antonio
Published: January 2020

Se ofrece en este artículo una revisión crítica del conocimiento disponible en el área de Recursos Humanos (RR.HH.), al transitar de su fin a la emergencia del talento en la posglobalización. Se pretende hacer balance y diagnosticar el estado de la cuestión, además de contrastar sus contenidos entre sí y con la realidad subyacente. También se busca pronosticar sobre sus tendencias y si se alinean con Horizonte 2030 (Pacto mundial de ONU y demás iniciativas internacionales de convergencia). A la postre, se espera aclarar cómo se transita del modelo de RR.HH. de trabajadores replicantes en organizaciones burocráticas de economía de bienestar, al modelo de desarrollo del talento de colaboradores creativos en organizaciones ágiles de economía gig (colaborativa, circular, autónoma y naranja).
Effect of discriminate and indiscriminate use of oxytetracycline on residual status in broiler soft tissues
Authors: Ferdous Most. Rifat Ara , Ahmed Md. Raju , Khan Sayekul Hasan , Mukta Mufsana Akter , Anika Tasnia Tabassum , Hossain Md. Tarek , Islam Md. Zahorul , Rafiq Kazi
Published: January 2020

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of oxytetracycline on hematological parameters, residual status in soft tissue of broiler and of thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status.

Materials and Methods: Eighteen, day-old male broiler chickens were purchased and were divided into three different groups (control group, discriminate group, and indiscriminate group). The control group received no antibiotics. The discriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water for 5 consecutive days, and 10 days' withdrawal period was maintained before sacrifice. The indiscriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water till the sacrificed day. Blood samples were collected before sacrificing for hematological analysis. After sacrificing liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples were collected for analysis of oxytetracycline residues in raw soft tissues. Since meat is used to cook by traditional method in Bangladesh before consumption that is why positive meat samples were cooked by traditional cooking method to evaluate the thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status as well. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done for screening of oxytetracycline residues in soft tissues.

Results: Mean differences of total erythrocyte count (million/mm3), hemoglobin estimation (gm%), and packed cell volume (%) estimation were not statistically significant among the groups. TLC analysis of raw samples showed 100% positive results of all samples collected from the indiscriminate group. In contrast, samples collected from the discriminate group were negative for oxytetracycline residues. In the control group, all samples were negative for oxytetracycline residue. There was a significant (p<0.05) relationship of oxytetracycline residues among three different groups for liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples. Positive liver and muscle samples from the indiscriminate group were subjected to thermal treatment by traditional cooking method of Bangladesh. Oxytetracycline residues had found in cooked meat, liver, and juice part, suggesting that antibiotic residues disseminated to juice part from flesh part after cooking.

Conclusion: Evidence suggests that proper maintenance of withdrawal period would minimize oxytetracycline residues in broiler soft tissues, whereas antibiotics retained in soft tissues of broiler in case of indiscriminate use. Traditional cooking does not change oxytetracycline residual status in edible tissues. Therefore, awareness regarding the proper maintenance of withdrawal period after antibiotic treatment of broiler is one of the best strategies which may positively reduce the risk of antimicrobial drugs residue in meat.
Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 г.: обзор нормативных документов
Authors: Неженцева Наталья Владимировна
Published: January 2020

В статье представлена характеристика нормативных актов, регламентирующих организацию и проведение Первой всеобщей переписи населения Российской империи 1897 г. Источниковой базой исследования послужили нормативные документы (положение, инструкции, правила, циркуляры, циркулярные письма), выявленные в федеральных и региональных архивах и библиотеках России. Дана характеристика состава и содержания нормативных документов.

Основными документами, регулирующими организацию и проведение переписи 1897 г., были: Положение 1895 г.; инструкции губернаторам; инструкции комиссиям; наставления счетчикам; правила заполнения переписных форм. Установлено, что с 1895 по 1897 г. было создано более 90 нормативных документов, как определяющих общий порядок проведения переписи, так и регулирующих частные вопросы. Особое внимание акцентировано на изучении документов, регламентирующих отступления от общего порядка переписи 1897 г. Такие документы создавались по инициативе Главной переписной комиссии или переписных комиссий в регионах. Представлены примеры отступления от общего порядка переписи населения с указанием на соответствующие нормативные документы. В результате исследования делается вывод о том, что в период подготовки и непосредственно во время проведения Первой всеобщей переписи населения был разработан обширный комплекс документов, регулирующих как общие вопросы организации переписи, так и частные моменты (отступления от установленного в нормативных документах 1895 г. порядка переписи).
Perspectivas sobre a infância em debate
Authors: Tonelotto Barbosa Pott Eveline
Published: January 2020

Este artigo, de natureza teórica, tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a infância sobre diferentes perspectivas da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, a partir das contribuições de Piaget, Vigotski e Wallon. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, apresenta-se as principais contribuições teóricas de cada autor; em seguida há reflexões sobre as diferenças e semelhanças apresentadas entre os sistemas teóricos com relação ao modo de conceber a infância. Conclui-se que cada teórico enfatiza aspectos diferentes e ao mesmo tempo complementares com relação ao desenvolvimento infantil, colocando-se como desafio a necessidade de conceber a criança a partir de seus recursos e possibilidades.
Prematuridade e vínculo mãe-bebê
Authors: Alves Porto Mariana , Coelho Pinto Maria Jaqueline
Published: January 2020

Um vínculo mãe-bebê sadio é importante tanto para desenvolvimento saudável do bebê quanto para saúde mental da mãe. Visto que durante a hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal configura-se momento de contato limitado entre mãe-bebê, acredita-se que o vínculo não se constituirá de forma adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar o vínculo entre mãe e bebê prematuro hospitalizado em UTI Neonatal. Método: Foram utilizados questionário sóciodemográfico e obstétrico e a Escala de Ligação Mãe-Bebê. Após a coleta dos dados, esses foram submetidos à análise descritiva. Resultados: Os níveis vínculo elevado, moderado e pobre apresentaram-se em escore semelhantes, destacando a ligação moderada com maior incidência. As mães apresentaram sentimentos ambivalentes, refletindo o conflito em que estão vivenciando, pois ao mesmo tempo em que se sentem tristes, conseguem sentir-se também afetuosas, alegres e protetoras emrelação a seus filhos. Conclusão: Diversos fatores podem estar relacionados à qualidade do vínculo entre mãe-bebê, como hospitalização, gravidade do caso, apoio psicológico e ações de humanização no contexto hospitalar.
Atitudes de profissionais de saúde em cuidados paliativos sobre a morte e o morrer
Authors: Moreira Silva Letícia Dayane , Crosara de Resende Marineia , Zardini Andrade Raphael
Published: January 2020

Esse estudo teve como objetivos investigar as atitudes acerca da morte e do morrer de profissionais de saúde envolvidos nos cuidados paliativos de pacientes internados na UTIAdulto de um Hospital Universitário e correlacionar as atitudes em relação à morte/morrer com os dados profissionais/pessoais. Método: Participaram 20 profissionais de saúde (idade média 35 anos). Responderam aos instrumentos: a) ficha de dados sociodemográficos, b) questionário de dados profissionais e sobre o trabalho em cuidados paliativos, c) Escala de Avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes Acerca da Morte. Os Resultados indicaram que: os profissionais apresentaram atitude positiva de aceitação neutral, atitudes negativas em relação à aceitação da morte como escape, como evitamento, medo, como aceitação como aproximação. Houve correlação: quanto maior o medo da morte mais evitamento e menor a aceitação neutral. Quanto maior o evitamento, menor é a aceitação neutral. Quanto maior é aceitação neutral, menor é a aceitação como escape; menor a idade. As comparações indicaram diferença significativa para: estado civil (maior escore de aceitação de escape nos sem companheiro) e formação acadêmica (maior escore de evitamento nos com curso técnico). Os resultados obtidos podem ser reflexos da participação desses profissionais de saúde na criação do Serviço de Cuidados Paliativos no local em que atuam.
Sintomas, fatores de risco e tratamentos da depressão na fase do adolescer
Authors: Matos Telma Sara Queiroz , Mello Pontes Ingrid
Published: January 2020

Esse estudo tem como objetivo verificar o que vem sendo publicado e pesquisado nos últimos dez anos sobre a depressão durante a adolescência, assim como, também dialogar e evidenciar sobre sintomas, fatores de risco e tratamentos pela perspectiva de diferentes autores que abordem essa temática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tipo descritiva, pautada na Teoria Fundamentada de Strauss e Corbin. De acordo com o método utilizado nesse estudo, foi possível listar, seguindo uma ordem cronológica de autores, o que vem sendo pesquisado sobre depressão na adolescência. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma análise qualitativa pautada em categorias para compreensão dos dados elencados. Pode-se verificar um número restrito de pesquisas que contemplam adolescência e depressão, carecendo de novos estudos que possam trazer essa correlação.
FAKE NEWS AS A WEAPON OF PERSUASION
Authors: PEDRINI PIER PAOLO
Published: January 2020

Our study is qualitative research. It is a content analysis of more than 2,500 European and American posters of war propaganda identifying modern principles of persuasion and forms of discourse. The analysis of the themes demonstrates that the techniques used one hundred years ago to convince civilians to enlist had enormous potential for development to such a degree that they were adopted by modern political and commercial persuasion. Therefore, we can consider the propagandists of the Great War as modern spin doctors. The idea evolved after reading Propaganda (1928) by Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud. This is an astonishing book; it provides illuminating interpretations both for understanding of war propaganda – not just for the Great War – and for the commercial discourse of which Bernays became a promoting agent.

During the Great War the propagandists used emotional and rational stratagems to convince volunteers to leave to the front. Among these, the fake news played an important role in the production of the posters that served to motivate and galvanize people to defend the ideals of the war. It was an organized disinformation action because, especially for American people, the war was very far in kilometres and in interest. Fake news has two different factors: wrong or unreasonable argumentations and false information used as premises. The success of the posters was that of moulding the agenda-setting and the opinion of citizens in order to increase the enlistment to defend the identity of the nation.
FAKE NEWS AND THE RITUALISATION OF THE SELF
Authors: KARAS ELENI
Published: January 2020

Two hundred years have passed since the question of subjectivity (re-interpreted through Kierkegaard’s existentialism) became central in modern philosophy. Over these two centuries, multiple theories addressed and questioned the borders between authentic subjectivity and an internalized panopticon of the hegemonic views that dominate the subject. Nevertheless, they still have to be definitively defined. As we may try to point Fake News (FN) is an opponent to subjectivity, and yet it comes from the subject. FN is the intentional spreading through new technologies of false information on a global level by subjects that use social media, a process influencing not only the sense of socio-political reality but also the concept of identity. Identities (personal or collective) are in general the combination of the socially determined understanding of ‘who I am’ and the socially and psychologically influenced ‘mental model’ of ‘what the world - and the self within it - should be’, all expressed and produced under the fundamental influence of our idiosyncratic characteristics.

One of the fields that all these factors meet and interact is the new mediated environment where almost everyone can participate and contribute. According to the Sociology of Communication as founded by Giddens, Habermas and Luckmann (Leydesdorff 2000) this makes the public part of our identity the dominant one, creating a ritual in which our narcissistic elements dominate our private ones. The Self, addressing itself into the public like an echo and back to the Self, becomes ritualized. In our paper, we explore the interrelation of this phenomenon with the creation and distribution of Fake News, from the vantage point of Kierkegaard’s existential philosophy.
Questionnaire instrumentation for strategic vocabulary learning in the Swedish as a second language learning context
Authors: LaBontee Richard
Published: January 2020

This article reports on the final round of piloting for a questionnaire instrument created and designed with the intention of collecting self-report data on adult, beginner Swedish L2 learners’ use of vocabulary learning strategies. The Swedish Vocabulary Learning Strategy Survey (SVLSS) version 1.2 is distributed to 182 participants studying Swedish at institutes of higher learning in Sweden. The collected data set is subject to exploratory factor analysis to explore initial interpretations of the underlying constructs of the instrument, and analyzed for content validity and internal consistency. Readability and accessibility of the instrument is also addressed. Initial findings and interpretations are used to guide the development of a preliminary VLS taxonomy for the SVLSS, as well as suggest and perform revisions that will result in the SVLSS 2.0.
Economy and political distrust: Explaining public anti-partyism in the Czech Republic
Authors: Havlík Vlastimil
Published: January 2020

There is little doubt in the current comparative politics literature about the importance of political parties in modern democracies, nor is there any doubt about the centrality of political parties in the democratic transitions in Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of communism. This holds true for the Czech Republic as well. However, the three most recent general elections in the Czech Republic have shaken the country. Electoral earthquakes are becoming common in the region, and it seems that the Czech Republic is being affected by what has been described in the literature as the decline of political parties. The main aim of the article is to explore sources of public anti-party sentiment in the Czech Republic. The analysis of data from a public opinion survey shows that public anti-partyism can be explained by a perceived lack of political representation that stems from both economic conditions and a feeling of low political efficacy.
Reconceptualising political participation
Authors: Sairambay Yerkebulan
Published: January 2020

This article offers a critical examination of various interpretations of “political participation” and shows that there is a lack of consensus among scholars concerning the definition of this particular concept. The lack of consensus has led to various conflicting outcomes (even when applied to the same problem) in the research on political participation. The main purpose of this paper is to offer a new definition of political participation that effectively addresses the challenges facing modern civil societies and the emerging era of Web 3.0. The present study argues that “civic engagement” should be differentiated from political participation such that the former is not counted as part of the latter; civic engagement fosters political participation and refers entirely to social activities. Moreover, I argue that online political actions should be accepted as an integral part of political participation if they fulfil all of the criteria of the phenomenon as defined in this article.
LOINC: Origin, development of and perspectives for medical research and biobanking – 20 years on the way to implementation in Germany
Authors: Semler Sebastian C.
Published: January 2020

Twenty-five years of LOINC (LogicalObservationIdentifierNames andCodes) and almost 20 years of experience with the implementation of LOINC in Germany – without having so far achieved a binding national definition of or a relevant routine use of LOINC in laboratory data communication. This article sketches the development of LOINC use in Germany since the year 2000 on the basis of grey literature. For the first time, the use of LOINC in Germany is experiencing a significant impetus at the national level: On the one hand, the current health legislation with its stipulations for a legally defined electronic patient record provides the necessary framework for nationwide stipulations; on the other hand, there is a significant impulse from the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) out of the medical research field for implementing a uniform LOINC subset. In recognition of the 25thanniversary of the LOINC nomenclature (1995–2019), the article traces the emergence of LOINC – which is characterized by interactions between European (EUCLIDES, READ, NPU) and US (HL7, LOINC, SNOMED CT) developments and the interplay of various standardization initiatives. Different national definitions and e-health strategies resulting from this history will be a challenge for the future e-health harmonization in the EU. The concerns of medical research and biobanking must be taken into account here, since the standardization of lab data according to international nomenclatures is of utmost importance for them.
68Ga CdTe/CdS fluorescent quantum dots for detection of tumors: investigation on the effect of nanoparticle size on stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics
Authors: Fazaeli Yousef , Zare Hakimeh , Karimi Shokufeh , Feizi Shahzad
Published: January 2020

Background

Quantum dots (QDs)-based theranostics offer exciting new approaches to diagnose and therapy of cancer. To take advantage of the unique properties of these fluorescent QDs for different biomedical applications, their structures, size and/or surface chemistry need to be optimized, allowing their stability and functionalities to be tailored for different biomedical applications.

Methodology

Cadmium telluride/Cadmium sulfide QDs (CdTe/CdS QDs) were synthesized and their structure, size, photostability and functionalities as a bioprobe for detection of Fibrosarcoma tumors were studied and compared with Cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs. Hence, CdTe/CdS QDs were labeled with 68Ga radionuclide for fast in vivo biological nuclear imaging. Using gamma paper chromatography (γ-PC), the physicochemical properties of the prepared labeled QDs were assessed. In vivo biodistribution and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the 68Ga@ CdTe/CdS QDs nanocrystals were investigated in Sprague Dawley® rats bearing Fibrosarcoma tumor.

Results

CdS shell on the surface of CdTe core increases the size and photostability against high energy radiations; therefore, CdTe/CdS QDs show prolonged fluorescence as compared to CdTe QDs.

Conclusion

Excellent accumulation in tumor was observed for core/shell quantum dots, but this study showed that small changes in the size of the QDs (+1 nm), after adding the CdS shell around CdTe core, greatly change their biodistribution (especially the liver uptake).
Under What Conditions Does Prosocial Spending Promote Happiness?
Authors: Lok Iris , Dunn Elizabeth W.
Published: January 2020

Under what conditions does prosocial spending promote happiness? In a series of appropriately powered and pre-registered experiments, the present research revisited the role of impact, social connection, and perceived choice in maximizing the emotional benefits of spending money on others. In two exploratory studies, we found that happy (vs. less happy) prosocial spending experiences were marked by higher levels of impact, social connection and perceived choice (Study 1a and 1b). Consistent with these initial findings, three pre-registered studies confirmed that spending money on others was particularly rewarding when people were able to see the difference their generosity made (Study 2); when they felt a sense of social connection to the person or cause they were helping (Study 3); and when they felt that the decision to help was freely chosen (Study 4). Together, our findings corroborate previous research on impact, social connection and perceived choice, and highlight the importance of considering these key variables when evaluating old and new evidence on the emotional benefits of prosocial spending. In addition, our findings suggest that charitable organizations and policymakers should review their current solicitation strategies and pay more attention to people’s sense of impact, connection and choice when seeking charitable donations.
Have improvements in ozone air quality reduced ozone uptake into plants?
Authors: Ronan Allison C. , Ducker Jason A. , Schnell Jordan L. , Holmes Christopher D.
Published: January 2020

Peak levels of ozone (O3)—quantified by concentration metrics such as accumulated O3 exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) and the sigmoidal-weighted cumulative exposure (W126)—have decreased over large parts of the United States and Europe in the last several decades. Past studies have suggested that these improvements in AOT40 and W126 indicate reductions in plant injury, even though it is widely recognized that O3 flux into leaves, not ambient O3 concentration, is the cause of plant damage. Using a new dataset of O3 uptake into plants derived from eddy covariance flux towers, we test whether AOT40, W126, or summer mean O3 are useful indicators of trends in the cumulative uptake of O3 into leaves, which is the phytotoxic O3 dose (POD or PODy, where y is a detoxification threshold). At 32 sites in the United States and Europe, we find that the AOT40 and W126 concentration metrics decreased over 2005–2014 at most sites: 25 and 28 sites, respectively. POD0, however, increased at a majority (18) of the sites. Multiple statistical tests demonstrate that none of the concentration metrics—AOT40, W126, and mean O3—are good predictors of POD0 temporal trends or variability (R2 ≤ 0.15). These results are insensitive to using a detoxification threshold (POD3). The divergent trends for O3 concentration and plant uptake are due to stomatal control of flux, which is shaped by environmental variability and plant factors. As a result, there has been no widespread, clear improvement in POD over 2005–2014 at the sites we can assess. Decreases in concentration metrics, therefore, give an overly optimistic and incomplete picture of the direction and magnitude of O3 impacts on vegetation. Because of this lack of relation between O3 flux and concentration, flux metrics should be preferred over concentration metrics in assessments of plant injury from O3.
АСОЦІАТИВНЕ ПОЛЕ ОБ’ЄКТИВАЦІЇ «НЕВІРИ» ЯК КОРЕЛЯТА КОНЦЕПТУ «ВІРА»
Authors: Гошовська Оксана
Published: January 2020

У статті описано природу мовної асоціації, в основі якої лежить суб’єктивний та соціальний досвід респондента, а також проаналізовано вербалізатори диференційних когнітивних ознак «недовір’я», «безнадія», «сумнів управдивості», «маловір`я», «даремна надія», «віровідступництво», «невпевненість», «сумнів у здійсненні чогось», «зло», «неймовірність», «попри сподівання»,«раптова несподіванка» як складників асоціативного поля концепту «віра» насинхронному зрізі.

Ключові слова: мовні асоціаціїсоціативне поле, а, вербалізатори, концепт,

невіра.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Two Nematicidal Bacillus Strains Reveals a Wide Range of Possible Virulence Factors
Authors: Susič Nik , Janežič Sandra , Rupnik Maja , Stare Barbara Gerič
Published: January 2020

Bacillus firmus nematicidal bacterial strains are used to control plant parasitic nematode infestation of crops in agricultural production. Proteases are presumed to be the primary nematode virulence factors in nematicidal B. firmus degrading the nematode cuticle and other organs. We determined and compared the whole genome sequences of two nematicidal strains. Comparative genomics with a particular focus on possible virulence determinants revealed a wider range of possible virulence factors in a B. firmus isolate from a commercial bionematicide and a wild type Bacillus sp. isolate with nematicidal activity. The resulting 4.6 Mb B. firmus I-1582 and 5.3 Mb Bacillus sp. ZZV12-4809 genome assemblies contain respectively 18 and 19 homologs to nematode-virulent proteases, two nematode-virulent chitinase homologs in ZZV12-4809 and 28 and 36 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, projected to encode antibiotics, small peptides, toxins and siderophores. The results of this study point to the genetic capability of B. firmus and related species for nematode virulence through a range of direct and indirect mechanisms.
Wiki moderators’ contributions to enhance the pedagogical implementation of Wiki
Authors: ISMAIL NASHWA
Published: January 2020

Wiki has proved extensively that it is an innovative technology situated among other so-cial network applications, because it enables its users to develop web content collaboratively, thereby making it open to all online users. The pedagogical use of Wiki is still in early stages; for this reason a lot of academic research has highlighted the lack of investigation into the pe-dagogical use of Wiki as a tool for collaborative learning. This paper investigates Wiki by fo-cusing on its advantages and disadvantages for the learning process, while highlighting how Wiki moderators can contribute by embedding Wiki successfully into the learning process.