bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
التنافس الصيني الامريكي في امريكا اللاتينية: قراءة في مراحل التطور ومستقبله
Authors: محمد شاكر محمد  , ا.د مثنى فائق مرعي
Published: January 2025

تعد منطقة امريكا اللاتينية من المناطق الجيواستراتيجة المهمة عالميا, لهذا تحاول القوى الدولية التنافس في المنطقة وكسب وزيادة نفوذها, ومن اهم الدول التي تتنافس في المنطقة هي الصين التي كان لها تأريخياً علاقات تجارية بينها وبين دول امريكا اللاتينية منذ النصف الثاني من القرن السادس العشر, وبعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ونمو الصين كقوى عظمى بدأت بتوسيع نفوذها في امريكا اللاتينية, وكانت المرحلة الثانية 2001-2009 بداية التأسيس الفعلي للنفوذ الصيني في المنطقة, وبسبب اهمية المنطقة بالنسبة للولايات المتحدة الامريكية وشعورها بالخطر الصيني المحدق في فنائها الخلفي, بدأت بمحاولة استرجاع نفوذها التقليدي على المنطقة, مما جعل القوتين تتنافسان على هذه المنطقة الجيوبوليتيكة.
Cultural Transfer Through Mediated Translation (with special reference to Children’s Literature)
Authors: Gasparyan L. A.
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on specifics of cultural transfer in William M. Thackeray’s fairy-tale “The Rose and the Ring” and its comparative analysis of Russian and Armenian translation with special reference to authorial moral-pedagogical direct contextual comments, as well as culturally-marked units specific for only the given (Victorian period) socio-cultural dimension. The translation of children’s literature is a complex, multifaceted process and its moral-educational philosophy needs to be transmitted within spatio-temporal domain through incorporation of theoretical - methodological strategies. One cannot fail to observe that one of the mainstreams of literary revival is the cultural transfer (material or non-material), as well as the art of translation, which, undoubtedly played essential role in the literary traditions through centuries. The analysis has shown that the Armenian version of the fairy-tale was done through the paradigm of the Russian translation as mediated text, which elucidates certain modifications due to linguistic-cultural usus. The triple procedure of cultural transfer (English-Russian-Armenian) presents the assembly of accumulated cultural layers in the Armenian version which on the one hand aims at transferring “new” ideas in the target culture and on the other hand for the smoothness of reception. So, the thematic kernel of the fairy- tale is preserved in translations, the socio-cultural and linguo-cognitive peculiarities are adapted due to the given areal. The comparative analysis revealed that the mechanisms of cultural transfer were implemented through 1/direct contextual proximity for universal, neutral concepts and 2/ cultural adaptation/alteration for target reader-oriented purpose
On the question of studying the archival funds of Yakut writers: problems of reconstruction and commenting (based on the archival fund of I. D. Vinokurov-Chagylgan)
Authors: Efremova E. M.
Published: January 2025

The article is concerned with certain issues of studying the archive fund of I. D. Vinokurov- Chagylgan (31.07.1914-9.09.1952), one of the prominent representatives of Yakut literature during Soviet period. The archival funds of Yakut writers as a particular historical and cultural phenomenon constitute a valuable research material from the point of view of literary and historical studies, source studies, and archaeography. The thematic justification of the study is based on the revealing and introduction into the scientific use of the new archival materials, and also due to the insufficient research the literary heritage of the well-known writer. The purpose and objectives of the research are focused on the scientific commentaries of the previously published and unpublished literary texts by I. D. Vinokurov (poems) preserved in the manuscript collection of the YSC SB RAS. It is about establishing the specificity and variability of the available archival material (draft and fair autographs, handwritten and typewritten texts), determining the importance and significance of the works in the history of Yakut literature, and further research of the creative heritage. Excluding detailed philological and textological analyses of the works and focusing on commenting the handwritten texts. The textological description of the material is explained with reference to the numbers of collections, aids, holding items that will considerably facilitate the future researcher’s efforts of I. D. Vinokurov’s creative heritage. Certain features of the creative origin of the major poetic texts are established by the research. The fact that for the first time in the history of literary studies of Yakutia scientific commentaries for I. D. Vinokurov’s handwritten texts are presented is the valuable results of the scientific article. The historical and literary, system and typological, textological methods were used. The possible prospects for further elaboration of the issues were updated.
Biodiversity analysis of mammals in the upper Indigirka River valley
Authors: Monakhov V. G. , Gorokhov A. N. , Velichenko V. V. , Danilov V. A.
Published: January 2025

limited number of scientific publications are devoted to the analysis of small mammal communities in North-East Yakutia, which does not allow us to estimate their previous abundance and distribution across biotopes in the upper reaches of the Indigirka River. Research on this topic in 2023 made it possible to obtain new, unique data on the state and abundance of game species and small mammals in the Oymyakon ulus (district) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in valley biotopes. The purpose of the work was to determine the biodiversity of mammals in the floodplain lands of the upper reaches of the Indigirka River. Research in the Oymyakon ulus (district) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out in March-July 2023 in lands adjacent to one of the depleted gold deposits on the Bolshoy Taryn River, which is a right tributary of the Indigirka River. According to literary sources, 17 game species of mammals live in the study area. In 2023, three routes with a total length of 19.4 km were completed, on which traces of eight species were recorded. In the process of analyzing the trace activity of wild animals registered during the winter route surveys, it was found that traces of small animals (squirrel, ermine, Arctic hare, fox) were found in the immediate vicinity of the infrastructure facilities of the developed deposits. Traces of large, more anthropomorphic animals (elk, wild reindeer) and sable were recorded at some distance from industrial facilities. It was shown that the current population density of game species living in the floodplain of the Bolshoy Taryn River is within the limits of the official data of the Hunting Department of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the Oymyakon ulus (district). This indicates the absence of a significant impact of industrial facilities on game species. To assess the biodiversity of small mammals using standard methods, 40 specimens were captured. During the capture period, 600 trap-days and 72 cone-days were processed. The Shannon diversity index for the small mammal community was 1.262. This shows the low biodiversity of small mammal species from the Insectivora and Rodents orders, which is explained by the peculiarities of the natural conditions of the area. The second reason for the small number of captured species, compared with those caught earlier in the middle reaches of the Indigirka River, is the fact that the capture of small mammals was carried out almost only in the valley of the Bolshoy Taryn River
First aid education in schools
Authors: Al Hashil Hashil Hassan , Al Hashil Hassan Salem , Al Alhareth Musalli Naji , Al Mansour Hussein Yahya , Al Hutayla Yaseen Mesfer
Published: January 2025

Background: First aid training is very important as it proves to be an essential skill in helping someone in an emergency situation and saving lives. One of the benefits of incorporating first aid training in schools is that students get an opportunity to learn critical skills that may save a life. Objectives: This research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based first aid interventions in mitigating injuries, improving psychological health, and enhancing school safety. This paper also, assessed the current state of first aid education, exploring the benefits of early intervention, identifying challenges, and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration in implementing first aid programs. Methodology: An exhaustive survey of relevant literature was conducted including but not limited to periodicals, research papers, policy statements and government reports. Results: This study highlights the effectiveness of school-based first aid programs in enhancing school safety, reducing injury severity, and improving psychological well-being among students and staff. Despite these benefits, challenges like resource limitations and logistical barriers restrict widespread implementation. Effective collaboration among schools, community organizations, and healthcare providers is crucial to overcoming these obstacles and ensuring program success. Conclusion: The study concluded that first aid training in schools enhances safety, reduces injury severity, and improves psychological well-being. Collaboration between schools and health organizations is essential to overcome challenges and ensure successful implementation.
الابتكارات والتحديات في خدمات الإسعاف الحديثة
Authors: الماس الحسن حمد , ياسين مانع محمد , آل منصور حسين سالم , آل شيبان علي سالم , آل صعب سليمان تركي , آل منصور علي معيض , زبيد فهد محمد , آل دويس نواف مانع
Published: January 2025

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف الابتكارات والتحديات في تطوير خدمات الإسعاف لضمان رعاية فعّالة وآمنة خارج المستشفيات، حيث يمكن أن يستفيد المرضى من العلاج في الموقع أو البقاء في المنزل. تتناول الدراسة استخدامات الطب عن بعد، واتصال إنترنت الأشياء، والذكاء الاصطناعي، وتقنيات دعم الحياة المتقدمة، والسجلات الإلكترونية للمرضى، والمراقبة المستمرة للعلامات الحيوية لتحسين اتخاذ القرار والاستجابة الطارئة. المنهجية: تم جمع البيانات من خلال مراجعة شاملة للأدبيات حول التطورات الحديثة في خدمات الإسعاف. تم تحليل العناصر التكنولوجية الرئيسية مثل تطبيقات الطب عن بعد، وأجهزة إنترنت الأشياء، والذكاء الاصطناعي لإرسال الطوارئ، والأدوات التشخيصية المتنقلة، والسجلات الصحية الإلكترونية. ركزت الدراسة على كيفية تفاعل هذه التقنيات ضمن بيئة الإسعاف والتحديات النظامية التي تواجهها، مثل أمان البيانات، وقابلية التشغيل البيني، ومتطلبات البنية التحتية. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن دمج هذه التقنيات يمكن أن يحسن رعاية المرضى من خلال تمكين اتخاذ القرار في الوقت الحقيقي وتقليل النقل غير الضروري، وتوفير الوصول إلى الخبرات الطبية عن بُعد. ومع ذلك، فإن قضايا خصوصية البيانات والتوافق التكنولوجي والحاجة إلى اتصال إنترنت قوي تبقى عوائق كبيرة. الخلاصة: توفر أنظمة الإسعاف المتقدمة فوائد كبيرة للرعاية خارج المستشفى. سيكون من الضروري معالجة التحديات التشغيلية وتطبيق حلول آمنة وقابلة للتشغيل البيني لتحقيق إمكانيات هذه الابتكارات بالكامل، مما يؤدي في النهاية إلى استجابة طارئة أكثر كفاءة ومرتكزة على المريض.
التدابير اللازمة لدرء خطر الفيضانات في المراكز الحضرية بحوض وادي إيناون بالمغرب: دراسة تطبيقية
Authors: نظامة علي , البزوي جواد , بوبرية عبدالواحد
Published: January 2025

تحظى الدراسات الهيدرولوجية بمكانة متميزة جدا في الدراسات الجغرافية وذلك لانعكاساتها على كافة اصعدة الحياة فقد يكون هذا التأثير سلبا او ايجابا وتأتي مخاطر الفيضان على المراكز الحضرية في مقدمة هذه التأثيرات السلبية فهي تنعكس بشكل مباشر على الانسان وتهدد حياته لذا فإن اتخاذ التدابير اللازمة إحدى المواضيع الهامة الجديرة بالاهتمام ضمن مخططات التهيئة وسياسة إعداد التراب على المستوى الوطني والمحلى. فخطر الفيضان يندرج ضمن الأخطار البيئية الكبرى، التي تهدد المجالات الحضرية. وتفرض ضرورة وضع مخططات واستراتيجيات تمكن من الوقاية من الأخطار الهيدرولوجية وحماية السكان وممتلكاتهم.  يشكل منخفض حوض إيناون إحدى المجالات المغربية المهددة بخطر الفيضان في عدد من المواقع، نظرا لخصوصياته المناخية المتميزة بغزارة التساقطات وتركزها في أحيان كثيرة، وأيضا بتمركز جل المراكز الحضرية على ضفاف الأودية، أو يتم اختراقها من طرف مجموعة من مجموعة من الشعاب التي تتغدى من السفوح والمرتفعات المجاورة، الشيء الذي يجعلها معرضة باستمرار لخطر الفيضانات خاصة مع زيادة التوسع العمراني الغير المراقب الذي حصل في السنوات الماضية. مما يزيد الظاهرة استفحالا في ظل غياب حلول تقنية كفيلة بالوقاية من الأخطار الهيدرولوجية. كما أن وقوع هذه الكوارث يتطلب رصد ميزانيات مالية ضخمة وغير متوقعة، ويساهم حدوثها في خلق أزمات اجتماعية ونفسية، كما تتطلب من السلطات المختصة تخصيص مساعدات للمناطق المنكوبة. لكل هذه الاعتبارات، ارتأينا معالجة موضوع خطر الفيضانات وأساليب التدبير بالمراكز الحضرية بمنخفض حوض إيناون، وتناولنا الموضوع تبعا للعوامل المساهمة في تشكل الفيضانات بهذا المجال، والتدابير المتخذة لحماية هذه المراكز من مخاطرها.
The Microbiologist’s Guide to Metaproteomics
Authors: Van Den Bossche Tim , Armengaud Jean , Benndorf Dirk , Blakeley-Ruiz Jose Alfredo , Brauer Madita , Cheng Kai , Creskey Marybeth , Figeys Daniel , Grenga Lucia , Griffin Timothy J , Henry Céline , Hettich Robert L , Holstein Tanja , Jagtap Pratik D , Jehmlich Nico , Kleiner Manuel , Kunath Benoit J , Malliet Xuxa , Martens Lennart , Mehta Subina , Mesuere Bart , Ning Zhibin , Tanca Alessandro , Uzzau Sergio , Verschaffelt Pieter , Wang Jing , Wilmes Paul , Zhang Xin , Li Leyuan
Published: January 2025

Metaproteomics is an emerging approach for studying microbiomes, offering the ability to characterize proteins that underpin microbial functionality within diverse ecosystems. As the primary catalytic and structural components of microbiomes, proteins provide unique insights into the active processes and ecological roles of microbial communities. By integrating metaproteomics with other omics disciplines, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of microbial ecology, interactions, and functional dynamics. This review, developed by the Metaproteomics Initiative (www.metaproteomics.org), serves as a practical guide for both microbiome and proteomics researchers, presenting key principles, state-of-the-art methodologies, and analytical workflows essential to metaproteomics. Topics covered include, among others, experimental design, sample preparation, mass spectrometry techniques, data analysis strategies, and statistical approaches.
Ozone-Free Protocol for Hydrodealkenylation via Peroxide Formation and Fragmentation
Authors: Harada Shingo , Cantrell Rachel , Tyler Tatianna , Newman Jacob , Aguilar Isaiah , Wang Minghao , Kim Daria , Zhu Yingchuan , Newhouse Timothy
Published: January 2025

Deconstructive hydrodealkenylations are valuable transformations, particularly utilized in the chiral pool-based enantiospecific syntheses. Current approaches to hydrodealkenylations have limitations regarding functional group tolerance, with ozone being a primary reagent in the installation of the peroxyketal intermediate formed prior to Fe(II) induced β-scission. This work details an ozone-free protocol with a selectivity profile that is expected to follow the Mukaiyama peroxidation.
Archaeological sites of the middle reaches of the Sharyn River
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Aitkyl Khamit , Mukhtarova Gulmira
Published: January 2025

For the first time, a certain region is studied in a complex, which provides a huge opportunity for a full reconstruction of the historical past. The article offers an analysis of the elite burial mounds of the Sarytogay tract known to date according to uniform criteria. The time period of habitation of the tribes of early nomads is important in the history of the peoples of the continent. This is the period of the formation of nomadic culture, the development of new socio-economic relations, and changes in religious and mythological ideas. This is a time of epochal changes in the territory of the steppes, semi-deserts and foothills of Eurasia, which determined the nature of a long historical period. It is the study of the culture of early nomads that makes it possible to trace the transformation of nomadic culture to ethnographic modernity. Therefore, the study of the era of the formation of nomadism and the emergence of powerful proto-state formations is the most promising, especially in Zhetysu.

In this regard, regional studies have recently acquired a special role in understanding the diversity of ethnic and ethnocultural processes. The study of a single historical and geographical region with its population can significantly deepen existing ideas and provide important additional arguments for understanding the nature of a particular ethnic group. The prospects of studying individual microdistricts have recently been confirmed by many scientists. First of all, this is due to the possibility of constructing chronological scales of individual microdistricts, the comparison of which, in turn, will allow us to obtain a broader picture of the socio-cultural dynamics of the development of ancient society and the features of the formation and development of cultural traditions of the sub-elite social group of the early nomads of Zhetysu. In this context, interest in the region we have chosen and in the comprehensive study is fully justified, given the cultural and historical significance of Zhetysu as a region in which the formation and functioning of early tribal unions took place, the rich history of ethnopolitical proto-states, the emergence and formation of the Kazakh statehood and nationality, the formation of an original traditional culture, conditioned by the uniqueness of natural and geographical conditions and cultural and genetic processes requiring comprehensive understanding.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR AUDIOVISUAL DOCUMENTS: THE HISTORICAL ASPECT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Orazaev Ernur , Seksenbaeva Gulzira
Published: January 2025

During the period of Kazakhstan’s independence, the system of managing audiovisual archives un-derwent significant changes and went through several stages. However, over time, domestic researchers have concluded that audiovisual documents are a unique type of document that influences the renewal of historical thinking in the context of the development of modern historical science. Therefore, this type of document has also been legally ensured from a normative-legal perspective.The article examines the normative-legal framework of audiovisual documents, with a focus on the historical aspects of their formation and development. The study analyzes the evolution of legislation regulating the use of audiovisual materials, starting from the Soviet period to the present, in the context of the country’s independence. Furthermore, the article covers not only the history of the normative-legal framework for audiovisual documents in our country but also considers the current state of these documents.Various analysis methods were used in the research process, including comparative analysis, histori-cal-legal methods, and documentary analysis. These methods helped to deepen the understanding of the process of forming the normative-legal framework and its impact on the development of the audiovisual document industry.The article explores key stages in the formation of legal systems regulating the handling, distribution, and storage of audiovisual documents, as well as the role of legal norms in ensuring cultural diversity, access to information, and protecting the interests of all participants in this process.The storage and use of audiovisual documents confirm their high legal potential. The history of form-ing the normative-methodological framework in the field of audiovisual documents and its current state is directly related to the practical demands of publishing historical data.Today, researchers in the country give significant attention to audiovisual documents, which sig-nificantly complement the National Archive Fund with valuable historical data. In the preservation of historical heritage, especially in periods when all confirmations are only through documents, laws, regu-lations, and instructions play a crucial role in society. Therefore, the article systematically addresses the relevance of legislative issues concerning audiovisual documents in modern conditions.
Migration processes in Poland’s foreign and domestic policy in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Bissembaiuly Miras
Published: January 2025

The article examines in detail the diplomatic relations of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Common-wealth with the USSR and Germany, the desire of its rulers to join the ranks of a regional power, the prerequisites for such political decisions, the reasons for rejecting the alliance with the Soviet Union and rapprochement with Germany, as well as the influence of leading countries such as England and France on Poland. As a result of these events, the article assesses the consequences of mass migrations, the increase in the number of refugees, and the use of deportations as a political tool during this time. The aim of this article is to examine the national and migration policies of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Com-monwealth, its relations with leading countries, and the political reasons behind the division of Poland. Additionally, it is essential to understand the ethnic and demographic policies of the USSR, Poland, and the Third Reich. To achieve this goal, the works of Kazakh and Western scholars, as well as those of So-viet and post-Soviet researchers have been analyzed. The focus of the article is to examine the policies of Jozef Pilsudski and Jozef Beck, assessing the agreements between the Polish government and other countries. Methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and historical research were used.In conclusion, it is noteworthy that the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to migration in Eastern Europe, causing interethnic tensions. To address these issues, governments imple-mented a deportation policy. This event significantly altered the political and demographic landscape of Europe.
O uso de estratégias de microlearning na educação formal em diferentes níveis de ensino
Authors: Raddatz Marcélli Beles , Piovesan Sandra , Irala Valesca Brasil
Published: January 2025

Este artigo é uma Revisão de Escopo que investiga como o microlearning tem sido utilizado em diferentes níveis de ensino dentro da educação formal. O objetivo é explorar os conceitos e a compreensão dos autores sobre o uso dessa abordagem, buscando responder à questão de pesquisa: como o microlearning é aplicado na educação formal nos diversos níveis de ensino? Para isso, seguimos os cinco passos metodológicos típicos de uma Revisão de Escopo: a) Definição da questão de pesquisa; b) Identificação dos estudos relevantes; c) Seleção dos estudos encontrados; d) Mapeamento dos dados; e) Síntese, agrupamento, resumo e relato dos resultados. A base de dados Dimensions foi utilizada para a busca dos estudos. Os resultados mostram que o microlearning é mais frequentemente encontrado em contextos universitários, sendo integrado a diferentes modelos e metodologias. Essa abordagem oferece conteúdos de maneira objetiva e concisa, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta eficaz para atender às necessidades dos alunos e melhorar os resultados das avaliações. A revisão sugere que o microlearning tem gerado resultados positivos, motivando novos estudos para explorar suas vantagens e desvantagens.
Impact of Arab Media Propaganda on Anxiety Levels in Indonesian Society: A Case Study of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Muhammad Imran Nur  , Asrining Ghina Maulidia
Published: January 2025

This study examines the geopolitical dynamics in the Arab region, focusing on factors such as regional conflicts, foreign intervention, leadership changes, and control over energy resources. Conflicts like the Syrian war, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and tensions in the Persian Gulf significantly shape regional stability. Foreign intervention, whether military or political, often escalates tensions, while leadership transitions and energy resource control, particularly oil, influence regional and global policies. These developments, widely disseminated through digital media, can impact the psychological state of Indonesian society, particularly when propaganda and biased narratives dominate media coverage. This study employs a case study approach combined with content analysis from digital media platforms and anxiety level measurements using psychological instruments such as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Findings reveal that media narratives significantly influence public perception, often amplifying collective anxiety and shaping opinions on geopolitical issues. Digital platforms play a key role in intensifying these effects by merging traditional and modern media channels. The study underscores the importance of media literacy education and public awareness programs to foster critical thinking and resilience against propaganda. These findings provide valuable insights into the intersection of media narratives, public psychology, and geopolitical events, offering recommendations for mitigating their societal impact
War and Memory: The transformation of narrative memorial practices
Authors: Romanenko Olena
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the study of current changes that are taking place in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian war and the transformation of narrative memorial practices in Ukrainian literature and artistic practices. The focus of attention is on both traditional practices of documenting the memory of the war, as well as those that reinterpret and revive memory in the digital space and the context of the development of new media art. The research is intellectually supported by trauma studies and memory studies, which investigate digital transformations of memory through the prism of new experiences of forming narrative memorial practices. The object of the study was the poetry collections of Victoria Amelina’s “Testimony,” Maksym Kryvtsov’s “Poems from the Hole,” Artur Dron’s “We Were Here,” Kateryna Kalytko’s “People with Verbs,” etc, as well as collection of Ostap Slivnsky “Dictionary of War” and digital projects — online exhibition “One More Day. War Diaries” and “Unwritten.” From the perspective of the development of new media, the change in the mechanisms of the formation of the narrative about traumatic events is shown; it is demonstrated that in the digital space, remembering is based on an immersive experience, which involves the emotional involvement of the recipient in the memory of the trauma. Digital media reinterprets individual memory as a separate example of remembering and actualizing collective memory, creating foundations for forming a community of memory on a broad basis and with the wide involvement of recipients. It has been proven that in Ukraine, the memory of the Russian-Ukrainian war is formed in the discourse of 1) traditional memorial practices of commemoration (a minute of remembrance, publication of memories, unpublished works, establishment of public events or scholarships in honor of a fallen soldier, etc); 2) digital memorial practices that actualize the text dimension of memory and immersive practices of emotional involvement in the digital space of memory. This provides an opportunity to combine the personal and collective experience of experiencing the Russian-Ukrainian war, promotes the consolidation of Ukrainians around the memory, and forms solidarity in the perception and interpretation of the traumatic experience.
“We really need you, Banderа’s scum...”: The space of “heroes” and meanings in the play by "Glory to the Heroes" by Pavlo Arie
Authors: Bondareva Olena
Published: January 2025

The article analyses Pavel Arie’s play “Glory to the Heroes” in the context of its theatrical versions and analytical and critical reception from the standpoint of the “war of memories” and “social wounds.” The perception of the characters and the ‘personal truths’ they represent in this dramatic text has been significantly transformed since it was written and the time it is viewed against the backdrop of almost three years of full-scale Russian war in Ukraine and more than a decade of Russian aggression. The deliberate caution of both the playwright himself and his theatrical interpreters (Stas Zhirkov, Oleksa Kravchuk, Viacheslav Zhyla, Anatoliy Levchenko, Alla Sokolenko) in working with the semantic field of Ukrainian civic identity is indicative, the desire to voice the existence of different historical memories in contemporary Ukraine, but at the same time demonstrate the absence of a search for their convergence, which is camouflaged under the intention to go beyond “politics” and pay special attention to the “humanity” of the characters, regardless of which political camp each of them belongs to. As a result, there is not a single “exemplary human” figure in the play, and the unresolved problems of the confrontation between the elderly “political” antagonists are inherited by their children and grandchildren and cement new transgenerational personal and social traumas. In the ending, it seems that physical death seems to reconcile the irreconcilable enemies in life, as they walk side by side in the postmortem without weapons. At the same time, the death of both characters leaves all the questions raised in the play open, the transgenerational wounds unhealed, and the fighters for Ukrainian independence, who were stigmatized by the Soviet regime, unrehabilitated.
Reconstruction of Family Memory: The way from oblivion to re-gaining of identity in Volodymyr Rafeyenko’s novels The Length of Days and Mondegreen: Songs about Death and Love
Authors: Grebeniuk Tetiana
Published: January 2025

The attention in the proposed study is focused on the processes of transformation of individual, family and national identity under the influence of family memory reconstruction, represented in Volodymyr Rafeenko’s novels “The Length of Days” and “Mondegreen (Songs about Death and Love)”. Family memory is considered in the article (based on the works of Astrid Erll, Bradd Shore and Sara Kauko, etc.) as a subset of autobiographical memory, which includes memories of family members about various aspects of the family life, has a decisive influence on the formation of identity and is a plastic phenomenon, capable of be changed under the influence of current events on each family member. Volodymyr Rafeyenko, a native of Donetsk, Russian philologist by profession, who, under the impression of the Russian occupation (which he experienced twice), switched from Russian to Ukrainian in his writings, describes changes of his characters’ identity, referring in many ways to his own experience. In particular, he utilizes the motif of reconstruction of the family memories replaced with the false ones by the Soviet totalitarian rule, which entails changes of identity in a whole generation representatives. The novel “The Length of Days”, which is characterized by the motifs of early orphanhood and adoption, represents the worldview state of no-memory, unable to become the basis of a strong identity. In the families of the characters of the novel, not only the blood relationship is absent but even true human closeness. There are no shared memories in this families, but only surrogates of them: the local and Russian authorities replace the real past with artificial memories-myths designed to facilitate the attempts of Russian recolonization of Donbass (this, for example, is shown in the inserted story “Seven Ukrops”). In the novel “Mondegreen (Songs about Death and Love)” is shown the close connection between language and identity: the protagonist Gaba Gabinsky’s delving into the language of his ancestors — the Ukrainian language, pushed out of circulation in Soviet and post-Soviet Donetsk region, — becomes a trigger for the recovery of Gaba’s previously tabooed family memories and of the transformation of his identity.
The Works of Gogol in the Interpretation of the French New Critic Jean-Paul Weber
Authors: Karpa Romana
Published: January 2025

The article aims to research Jean-Paul Weber’s interpretation of M. Gogol’s works. Besides, it aims to rethink the main themes of this writer, but precisely in the interpretation of thematic criticism, which is fundamentally different from the representation of themes by classical thematology. Jean-Paul Weber, as a representative of one of the streams of French new criticism — thematic criticism, devoted an entire chapter to Gogol in his work “Thematic Domains” (“Domaines thématiques”) (1963). This is a rather unique case, since literary critics of this stream studied only French writers, with few exceptions, which include E. Poe and Kafka.
The relevance of such research is determined by the attempt to analyse the interpretation of Weber’s works of Gogol, as well as the importance to understand the main themes of this writer, his dichotomy between the homeland and the West, Orthodoxy and Catholicism, as the debate among scholars about Gogol’s Catholic inclination is still ongoing. The subject of analysis is Gogol’s works, while the main attention is directed to his novels “Nose” and “Viy”, for this purpose intertextual, biographical, textual, hermeneutic methods are applied.
In the process of the research, the main, obsessive themes of Gogol and their subsequent polarization were revealed — the theme of “nose” and “face”, “dome” and “portal”, “Orthodoxy” and “Catholicism”, “motherland” and “the West”. And it was also established that Gogol had a dichotomy between his homeland and the West, between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, which greatly affected his texts. Actually, the issue of obsessive themes in Gogol’s work, his dichotomy between the homeland and the West, between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, and how exactly this affected the works of this writer — is a prospect for further research and creates an interesting space for scientific discussion.
Speechlessness as a way of expressing trauma in the novel «Die Verwandelten» by Ulrike Drаesner
Authors: Mykytiuk Iryna
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the consideration of speechlessness as a way of expressing trauma in the novel “Die Verwandelten” (2023) by the modern German writer Ulrike Draesner. Speechlessness, as the study finds out, appears here as an opportunity to identify individual trauma and its corresponding image. The methodological basis for the analysis is the achievements of such scientific areas as memory studies and trauma studies, as well as a post-colonial approach to understanding the nature of traumatic experiences. Most modern linguistic and literary studies aim to find out the nature of the verbalization of trauma. This article focuses more on the non-verbal expression of trauma. As a result of the study, it was found that trauma in Ulrike Draesner’s novel is represented non-verbally through verbal silence, the inability to talk about traumatic experiences due to feelings of shame and guilt, conscious or unconscious silencing of trauma, the ineffability of trauma due to the construction of an internal taboo, silence against the background of the political situation, silence as a type communication between characters, “camouflaging” the story of trauma, which is key to the narrative of the work, under an insignificant side story. The novelty of the research consists in considering a new work of art, which represents numerous historical traumas of the 20th century not only through verbal, but also through non-verbal forms. In the context of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, this topic is relevant and is constantly deepened by new research.
The Concept of Political Freedom in War Poetry: a comparison of Ukrainian poetry from the modern war and American poetry from the revolutionary wars
Authors: Pylynskyi Mykhailo
Published: January 2025

This paper delves into the concept of political freedom as depicted in American and Ukrainian poetry, specifically during periods of conflict. By focusing on wartime literature, the study aims to uncover the nuanced meanings and representations of freedom in both American and Ukrainian contexts. The research is particularly relevant given the current Russian-Ukrainian war, which has brought the question of national and political freedom to the forefront of Ukrainian society. The comparative approach of this study allows for an examination of how two different cultures, separated by time and geopolitical context, perceive and articulate the idea of freedom.

Drawing from both American Revolutionary War poetry and contemporary Ukrainian poetry, the paper identifies key themes and philosophical influences that shape each culture’s understanding of freedom. American poetry of the late 18th and early 19th centuries has been influenced by many Enlightenment thinkers, particularly by John Locke. He emphasizes “freedom from” tyranny and “freedom for” self-governance and moral duty. These poems often serve a utilitarian purpose, aimed at mobilizing public sentiment, fostering unity, and demoralizing the enemy. The use of simple, accessible verse forms in American poetry reflects a desire to reach a broad audience and reinforce the moral and institutional foundations of the nascent American state.

In contrast, Ukrainian war poetry, influenced by thinkers like Dmytro Dontsov, presents a more existential and culturally rooted understanding of freedom. This poetry emphasizes “freedom from” oppression and “freedom for” cultural identity and national survival. The diversity of expressions in Ukrainian poetry — from personal reflections on the trauma of war to collective affirmations of resilience — highlights a complex relationship with the concept of freedom, shaped by a history of ongoing struggle and resistance.

The study underscores the importance of historical and cultural contexts in shaping literary representations of freedom. While American poetry often frames freedom within the context of statehood and democratic governance, Ukrainian poetry reflects a deeper existential struggle for cultural and national continuity. By analysing these literary traditions side by side, the paper provides insight into how different societies conceptualize and valorize freedom, revealing both commonalities and unique cultural inflections. This comparative exploration not only enriches our understanding of freedom in literature but also offers perspectives on the broader socio-political struggles that continue to shape these nations today.
Symbolism of Space in Artem Chekh’s Novel «District “D”»
Authors: Pidburtna Diana
Published: January 2025

The study of space is extremely relevant for post-Soviet literature, because, according to Yaroslav Polishchuk, virtual topography, which is carried out, in particular, through the means of fiction, is important for the consolidation of the population, because ethnic groups and territories are first born in the mind and then marked on maps. The article focuses on the spatial symbolism of Artem Chekh’s novel «District “D”». The subject is the elements of space, their meaning and influence on the characters of the novel. The problem is to classify spatial images through which the author conveys the cultural and social realities of late Soviet and early independent Ukraine. To solve it, the author used Marc Auge’s classification of the developed space, which includes places (relational, directly related to social and individual identity) and non-places (transitory, where a person appears sporadically and does not stay for long). The symbolic comprehension of space in Artem Chekh’s novel «District “D”» occurs within the categories of “familiar” / “foreign” on the basis of which all spatial images were grouped. The methods of textual and aspectual analysis are applied, in particular, the relationship of spatial images with the characteristic features of the urban environment and their impact on the life and identity of the characters is considered. The main results are to highlight how urban space relates to social problems, personal searches of the characters and the internal and external conflicts they go through. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the Ukrainian provincial urban space in the novel by Artem Chekh as a complex ecosystem, the elements of which cannot be interpreted unambiguously. Particular attention is paid to the image of home, which in the novel appears contradictory and quite distant from the established characteristics of reliability and security with which it is usually associated. A deeper analysis of spatial symbolism in contemporary Ukrainian novels and its relationship to national identity and social change is promising for further research.
Theoretical Aspects of Trauma Studies (terminology, problematic issues and scheme of analysis): An attempt at analysis
Authors: Prokopenko Ivan
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the theoretical aspects of trauma studies and attempts to discuss the gaps and problematic areas within the methodology. Contemporary trauma studies, despite its rather active development over the past decades, has the problem of clear articulation of its key definitions and methodology. Moreover, the very subject of the studies — trauma — has a naming problem: when the term is transferred from the field of psychiatry, clarity is lost, instead, the emphasis is placed on the impossibility of a full understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of the article is, first of all, an attempt to develop a terminological apparatus and a method of analysing traumatic narratives. This paper will focus on reflections on the key term trauma, as well as an attempt to develop a terminological apparatus and a method of text analysis within these studies.

The subject of the article is an attempt to formulate fundamental terms and propose a method for analysing trauma in a literary text. Drawing primarily on cognitive behavioural therapy, the method is an experiment in looking at trauma from the perspective of cognitive behavioural therapy, psychology, neuroscience and philosophy.

This article outlines the subject of trauma studies (traumatic event, trauma, consequences of trauma) and notes the problematic aspects of trauma studies: the blurring of some of its terms and warnings about the tendentious use of its conceptual apparatus. The main terms of trauma studies were named as follows: trauma was defined as the experience of an event that excessively upsets and at least temporarily suppresses the internal resources of an individual, as well as causes persistent psychological symptoms; the traumatic event was called the event itself, which leads to trauma; the consequences of trauma — all possible reactions to a traumatic event after its actual experience — included the following stress — a set of protective physiological reactions that occur in the body of animals and humans in response to the impact of various adverse factors (stressors); fear as an emotional reaction to a real or imaginary threat; and defence mechanisms — automatic unconscious mechanisms connected with the self that provide mental protection of the individual.

Finally, a five-part descriptive method of trauma analysis was proposed, which includes: identifying the cause of the trauma, the way the narrative is articulated, describing the fears produced by the trauma, characterising stress and reactions to it and defence mechanisms, and finally, seeing whether the trauma is integrated within the text itself. This method was tested on the material of Pavlo Vyshebaba’s short story ‘The Martians’ as an example of a text where trauma is successfully integrated into the experience of the characters. The proposed method can be further expanded and applied to other texts as a potential template for analysing trauma narratives.
VITAMINS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT
Authors:   1Assistant professor PhD., Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. haider.abd@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Baqir1 Hayder Abid Alrazzaq , Mahmood2 Jamal Waleed ,   2lecturer M.S., Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. jamal.waleed@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Al-Hassan3 Mohammed Fawzi Hamza ,   3Assistant professor PhD., Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. mohammed.al.hassan@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: January 2025

Vitamins are safe substances that do not harm humans or animals. These vitamins are used to improve plant growth and flower formation; they are in fact organic substances that exist in several forms, and considered as micro essential nutritional supplements for proper growth and production. In addition, they perform various functions such as forming, building new tissues as well as participating in the physicochemical processes. Not only this, but they also have a rapid and tangible effect on the functions and growth of plants. As well as its important role in the synthesis of natural hormones within the plant.
The study aims at identifying the types of vitamins, the places in which they exist, their role and effects on growth and crops.
“Uşaq və cəmiyyət: sağlamlıq, inkişaf və qidalanma problemləri
Authors: Azərbaycan Tibb Universiteti
Published: January 2025

9-12 oktyabr tarixlərində Bakıda, ilk dəfə olaraq, “Uşaq və cəmiyyət: sağlamlıq, inkişaf və qidalanma problemləri” mövzusunda XI Avrasiya Uşaq Həkimlərinin Konqresi keçirilib. Böyük fəxr və qürur hissi ilə bildiririk ki, konqresdə dəyərli alimlər, xarici və beynəlxalq təşkilatlardan səhiyyə mütəxəssisləri bir araya gələrək, uşaqların sağlamlıq problemləri, onların rifahına qayğı siyasəti, uşaqlarla bağlı səhiyyə-sağlamlıq perspektivlərinin müəyyənləşdirilməsi istiqamətində öz rəy və təkliflərini bölüşməklə, həllini gözləyən məsələləri gündəmə gətirməklə tədbirin işinə böyük töhvə veriblər. 3 gün davam edən beynəlxalq tədbirdə 9 ölkədən 200-ləy çox xarici nümayəndə – tanınmış səhiyyə işçiləri, elm xadimləri təmsil olunub və 168 elmi məruzə təqdim olunub, ümumilikdə isə 600 iştirakçı qeydiyyatdan keçib. Konqresdə Azərbaycan Respublikası Səhiyyə Nazirliyi, Elm və Təhsil Nazirliyi, Ailə, Qadın və Uşaq Problemləri üzrə Dövlət Komitəsi və Azərbaycan Tibb Universitetindən rəhbər və nümayəndələr, millət vəkilləri, səfirlər, Şanxay Əməkdaşlıq Təşkilatının Xəstəxanalarla Əməkdaşlıq Alyansının direktoru və digər səlahiyyətli şəxslər, Avrasiya dövlətlərindən 4 akademik, 3 ölkədən elmi-tədqiqat pediatriya institutlarının, 3 ölkədən tibb universitetlərinin rəhbər şəxsləri, 12 kaferdra müdiri, 17 pediatriya assosiasiyası və cəmiyyətlərin sədrləri, 4 ölkənin uşaq xəstəxanalarının rəhbərləri və b. qonaqlar iştirak etdilər. Bundan əlavə, 3 ölkənin ATU-ilə əməkdaşlıq memorandumları təklif olunaraq ATU-nin Beynəlxalq şöbəsinə təqdim edildi. Ümid edirk ki, konqresdə irəli sürülən prioritetlərin reallaşdırılması ilə biz milli genofondumuzun sağlam inkişafında böyük bir tohfə verəcəyik. Konqresin təşkili və keçirilməsində başda Azərbaycan Respublikası Səhiyyə Nazirliyi olmaqla, əməyi keçən hər bir iştirakçıya dərin təşəkkürümüzü bildiririk.