bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular cancer. Current trends and the results in surgical treatment
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Bedin V. V. , Grekov D. N. , Tavobilov M. M. , Drozdov P. A. , Lebedev S. S. , Karpov A. A. , Chechenin G. M. , Tsurkan V. A.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To analyze the results of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer in a multidisciplinary oncology clinic.

Materials and Methods. From 2007 to 2021, 259 patients with hepatocellular cancer were surgically treated in the Department of Liver and Pancreas Surgery of the city clinical hospital named after S.P. Botkin. Liver resections of different extent were performed in 74 (28.6%) patients, radiofrequency ablation – in 19 (7.3%), microwave ablation – in 20 (7.7%), hepatic artery chemoembolization with radiofrequency ablation – in 34 (13.1%), regional chemotherapy – in 104 (40.2%), liver transplantation – in 8 (3.1%) patients.

Results. The overall five- and ten-year survival after liver resection was 51.4% and 31.1% respectively. The poor prognostic factors following liver resection were age >70 years (p = 0.03), postoperative complications (p = 0.04), lymph node metastases (p = 0.01), and a body mass index >30 kg/m2 (p = 0.045). Complications that developed after radiofrequency (microwave) ablation and chemoembolization of the hepatic artery with radiofrequency ablation were 5.1% and 5.8%. Within 90 days after liver resection, three (1.1%) patients died. Complications after resection developed in 18 (24.3%) cases during the same period. With metastases measuring ≤3 cm, the overall five-year survival after radiofrequency and microwave ablation was 36.8% and 35% respectively. With neoplasms measuring 3–5 cm, the best five-year survival was after hepatic artery chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation (44.1%). The overall fiveyear survival after hepatic artery chemoembolization was 11.5%. No complications or deaths resulted from liver transplantation. With an average follow-up period of 12.5 months, none of the patients experienced disease recurrence or died.

Conclusion. Using a multidisciplinary approach in a multidisciplinary oncology clinic improves the results of treating patients with hepatocellular cancer.
Liver transplantation for metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: a literature review and clinical observation
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Artemiev A. I. , Naidenov E. V. , Zabezhinsky D. A. , Shabalin M. V. , Popov M. V. , Bashkov A. N. , Gubarev K. K. , Rudakov V. S. , Vidmer E. V. , Zhurbin A. S.
Published: September 2022

Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms with different malignant potential. They often metastasize to the liver and require active combined therapy. For unresectable neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases, transplantation has become a potential definitive treatment due to the slow growth and the clinical course of the metastatic process. We conducted a review of relevant literature, the criteria for including and excluding patients considered for liver transplantation as well as alternative methods of treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. The paper presents a clinical observation of a staged combined therapy of a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor of the small intestine and bilobar unresectable liver metastases. The study demonstrates satisfactory long-term results of liver transplantation.
Islet isolation from the pancreas after pancreatectomy. Indications, methodology, evaluation of results
Authors: Zagainov V. E. , Kuchin D. M. , Ermakova P. S. , Vasilchikova E. A. , Lugovaia L. A. , Naraliev N. U. , Kashina A. V.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To develop and implement a method for isolating the islets of Langerhans from pancreatic tissue after pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation.

Materials and Methods. The study used ten Wiesenau miniature pig pancreases, 30 Wistar rat pancreases, eight resected human pancreases, and five human pancreases from extensive resection or pancreatectomy.

Results. Islets of Langerhans completely devoid of human and experimental animals’ acinar tissue were obtained. When using the protocol for mechanical isolation, the efficiency of isolating the islets of Langerhans in humans and experimental animals was 50%. The research proved that the isolated cells belonged to the islets of Langerhans. Additionally, their purity was confirmed. The survival of the isolated islets exceeded 90%. The enzyme immunoassay for insulin synthesis showed that the isolated islets of Langerhans remained functionally active. The sterility of the isolated islet cells was confirmed.

Conclusion. This proven isolation technology makes it possible to obtain pure, sterile, viable, and functionally active islet cells suitable for further autotransplantation.
Distal resection for pancreatic tumors
Authors: Kriger A. G. , Gorin D. S. , Pavlov A. V. , Pronin N. A. , Sidorov D. V. , Kaldarov A. R. , Ponezhev K. E. , Panteleev V. I.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To study the specific features of the splenic artery architectonics and evaluate the results of distal pancreatic resection for various tumors.

Materials and Methods. In the anatomical part, we examined 88 organ complexes taken from people whose death was not associated with diseases of the abdominal organs. We studied the topography of the splenic artery and the dependence of the number of its branches to the pancreas on the vessel tortuosity. The clinical part of the study presents the results of 122 distal resections performed during 2016-2021. 79 operations were carried out using the traditional method, 32 operations were robot-assisted, and 11 were performed laparoscopically.

Results. The research found a relationship between the degree of the splenic artery tortuosity and the number of branches to the pancreas, which varies from three to nine. Out of the 122 operated patients, in 24 (19.7%) cases a clinically relevant (type B) pancreatic fistula that required additional treatment was formed. Intra-abdominal bleeding developed in 15 (12.3%) patients: early – in 10, late arrosive hemorrhage associated with a pancreatic fistula – in 5 cases. One (0.8%) patient died.

Conclusion. It is necessary to consider the architectonics of the splenic artery during distal pancreatic resection. The frequency of pancreatic fistula formation does not depend on the method of performing the operation. Of the prognostic factors, the body mass index is statistically significant. Late arrosive bleeding develops against the background of a clinically relevant pancreatic fistula.
Pancreatoduodenectomy with the superior mesenteric vein resection without vascular reconstruction
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Goncharov S. V. , Lagkueva I. D. , Ragimov V. A. , Dzhigkaeva M. M. , Baliev Z. E.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a clinical case of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with superior mesenteric vein resection without its reconstruction. This is the first case study of the kind found in Russian-language literature. In total, 16 such clinical observations have been described in the relevant world literature to date. A 74-year-old female patient was diagnosed with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head 1.1 × 1.1 cm in size adjacent to the superior mesenteric vein. After four courses of ineffective neoadjuvant therapy, the tumor completely obliterated the superior mesenteric vein. The control multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) showed that the tumor was complete with the formation of a distinct collateral between the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric veins. The patient underwent pancreatoduodenal resection with resection of the involved vein segment without vascular reconstruction. The histopathological diagnosis was pT1cN1M0R0. The patient was discharged on the next day after the operation.
Prediction of severe postoperative complications in pancreatic surgery using the Preoperative Pancreatic Resection (PREPARE) score: a single-center observational study
Authors: Burlov N. N. , Khrykov G. N. , Burlova E. A. , Shostka K. G.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the PREPARE score in predicting severe complications after pancreatic surgery.

Materials and Methods. The case-control study included patients operated on the pancreas. Grade ≥III Clavien– Dindo complications were designated as “severe”. Patients were divided into two groups: “0–II degree” (control) and “III–V degree” (case). For all patients, scores were calculated, and risk categories were determined according to the PREPARE score.

Results. The study included 151 patients: “0–II degree” – 102 (68%) observations, “III–V degree” – 49 (32%). ROC analysis was used for the scores (AUC = 0.616; 95% CI 0.527–0.706; p = 0.014) and for the risk categories (AUC = 0.555; 95% CI 0.463–0.648; p = 0.241) of the PREPARE score.

Conclusion. The obtained data do not currently enable us to recommend the PREPARE score for predicting complications of pancreatic surgery.
Transfistula cholangioscopy: clarification of the diagnosis and antegrade removal of residual bile duct stones
Authors: Kovalevskii A. D. , Prudkov M. I.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To demonstrate our own experience of performing transfistula cholangioscopy and removing bile duct stones.

Materials and Methods. From 2017 to 2019, 230 patients with functioning external biliary drains underwent antegrade transfistula cholangioscopy. Preliminary dilatation and straightening of the fistulous tract were required in 37 patients.

Results. Bile duct stones were detected in 158 (68.7%) patients. During transfistula cholangioscopy, stones were removed from all patients. In 68 cases with large choledocholithiasis, it was necessary to perform contact lithotripsy. To this end, staged treatment and two hospitalizations were required in five cases. Adequate transfistular access to the bile ducts was formed during the first hospital stay; during the second, after hardening of the access walls, the stones were removed. The overall complication rate was 3.8%, including grade III–IV complications (1.9%) according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Mortality was 0.4%.

Conclusion. Transfistula cholangioscopy increases the reliability of stone detection in the bile ducts, permits removing them without mandatory dissection of the major duodenal papilla, and creates favorable conditions for a more accurate assessment of its functional state. When patients with functioning biliary drains and unresolved bile duct diseases are placed in a specialized medical center, they can be provided with high-quality care. Additionally, it creates rational conditions for the use of the highly effective methods of endobiliary diagnosis and treatment.
Transluminal and retroperitoneal minimally invasive necrosectomy in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Fedorov A. V. , Ektov V. N. , Khodorkovskiy M. A.
Published: September 2022

The research review presents literature data on the possibilities of performing minimally invasive necrosectomy for infected forms of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The paper provides detailed information concerning the terminology, indications for, and technical features of implementing the principal methods of minimally invasive surgical debridement of necrotic accumulations. The techniques include endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy, videoassisted retroperitoneal debridement, and minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy. The review describes results of numerous studies on the evaluation of their effectiveness and possible options for their combined use. Additionally, we present the materials of relevant international clinical guidelines which indicate the viability of performing minimally invasive necrosectomy as part of a phased strategy for the treatment of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Pancreatodigestive anastomosis: the key to a favorable outcome of pancreaticoduodenal resection
Authors: Kotelnikov A. G. , Patyutko Yu. I. , Podluzhny D. V. , Saakyan M. S. , Kudashkin N. E. , Polyakov A. N. , Tikhonov P. A. , Suleimanov E. A. , Stilidi I. S.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the results of various studies and meta-analyses which focus on assessing the frequency of formation of clinically significant pancreatic fistulas in various types of pancreatic-digestive anastomoses. Pancreatodigestive anastomosis is not an independent predictive factor of pancreatic complications. None of the modern types of pancreatodigestive anastomosis has proved its superiority. The choice of the pancreatodigestive anastomosis method is based on the correct selection of the organ with which the pancreatic stump is connected and the surgeon’s experience and skill in forming the anastomosis.
Science Action Plan for Shale Gas Exploration in the Karoo Basin
Authors:   Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf),   Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)
Published: September 2022

This document presents the response of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) and the South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) to a request submitted by the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) for a Science Action Plan (SAP) in support of an emerging shale gas industry in South Africa. As proposed in the DSI Concept Note, a researcher was engaged to develop the draft document, which was compiled jointly by ASSAf and SAAE. The report has clustered the SAP proposals into three groups: - Proposals that focus on fundamental research that will lead to knowledge generation - Proposals that focus on the application of current knowledge to new circumstances associated with a shale gas industry - Proposals that relate to enabling interventions to assist in the implementation of the SAP It is important that this document be read in the context of the ASSAf report “South Africa’s Technical Readiness to support the Shale Gas Industry”, submitted to DSI in June 2015 and published in October 2016, since the Science Action Plan is a direct outcome of that study.
Prevention of sarcopenia in patients with obesity after bariatric and metabolic surgery: the effect of programmed training on the muscle tissue and anthropometric functions – a randomized controlled trial (SarxOb study protocol)
Authors: Bužga Marek , Pekar Matej , Uchytil Jaroslav , Horká Veronika , Malůš Jan , Vilímek Dominik , Švagera Zdeněk , Kutáč Petr , Holéczy Pavol
Published: September 2022

Obesity is a serious metabolic disease that significantly increases cardiovascular risks and other health complications. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from obesity that increases the health risks and is associated with cardiac, respiratory and other diseases.  Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) leads to significant changes in body composition. Our pilot study showed that bariatric patients are at risk of sarcopenia after BMS. This finding resulted in a hypothesis that an exercise plan in the experimental group will lead to postural stabilization and a lower decline in muscle homotopy, further leading to a greater reduction in fat mass and a positive effect of exercise on skeletal muscle volume and strength and endocrine-metabolic function. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of programmed aerobic and strength training on muscle function, volume, and morphology in patients after BMS. The study is a single-center, randomized clinical trial after sleeve gastrectomy focused on muscle tissue. The experimental group will perform targeted physical activity once a week for 12 months and the training plan will include anaerobic and aerobic components. Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscles will be correlated with the values of densitometry examination and changes in body composition, certain blood parameters of myokines, biomechanical analysis of movement abnormalities, and behavioral and dietary counseling. This study will address the research questions about the effect of programmed training on muscle tissue and muscular functions after BMS.
dsRNAs treatment with RNase T1 and DNase I v1
Authors: Jalali Javaran Vahid
Published: September 2022

For dsRNA sequencing by nanopore sequencing, this protocol was used. Before treating samples with RNase T1, you should measure the total concentration of RNAs in the samples by using a nanodrop or Qubit device, as RNase T1 has the ability to partially digest double-stranded RNAs in the absence of single-stranded RNA.
Mineralogical and gemological characteristics of Kaman (Kırşehir-Türkiye) fluorites
Authors: KAYDU AKBUDAK İlkay , KETENCİ Doğanay Elif , GÜRBÜZ Meltem
Published: September 2022

Fluorites are found in the region between Hamit, Karakütük, Bayındır and Yeniyapan villages of the Kaman District (Kırşehir-Türkiye). Fluorites are located in altered levels due to faults in quartz syenites containing gray-pink colored K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz, amphibole and biotite type mafic minerals in the Upper Cretaceous aged. Central Anatolian Granitoids, Fluorites observed in purple and green in places, pink, yellow, white colors as veins reaching from a few centimeters to two meters, purple and green in places, pink, yellow, white colors.

According to X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results, quartz syenites are composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals; fluorites are composed of fluorite and quartz mineral combination. According to Wavelength Dispersive XRF (WDXRF) analysis results, it is observed that the amount of F in purple fluorites is 39.8%, the amount of CaO is 51.2%, the amount of SiO2 is 8.68%, the amount of F in green fluorites is 46.7%, the amount of CaO is 51.5%, and the amount of SiO2 is 1.15%. As a result of cathodoluminescence analysis, the presence of rare earth elements (REE) terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), dysprosium (Dy) and samarium (Sm) elements were observed in fluorites.

In order for the fluorites in the region to be used as a gemstone; while features color variety, texture, and easy workability are revealed as positive features, features such as low hardness, low strength in atmospheric conditions, and cleaved structure in coarse crystals are determined as negative features. For this reason, the fluorites in the region can be used as gemstones, however it is important that they undergo improvement methods (saturation with epoxy).
Investigation of the effect of stator resistance on direct torque control and application of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: BOZKURT Ebubekir , POLAT Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are a type of motor that is becoming more and more popular due to some superior features together with the technological developments in power electronics. The fact that these motors can produce maximum torque even at zero speed, low maintenance costs and high power/weight ratio has increased their use. In this study, the direct torque control method from vector control methods was used. This method has been investigated by considering the change in the stator winding resistance caused by the temperature increase depending on the operation of the motor and has been applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor by using a voltage-sourced voltage-controlled inverter circuit. The modeling of the electric motor has done with the d-q model and this model has used in the simulation study. In order to realize the direct torque control of the motor, torque and flux calculations have been made using the current and voltage data applied to the motor. The obtained flux and torque errors have been applied as input to the hysteresis comparator. The switching strategies in the pulse width modulation method used in the inverter control have realized the torque and speed control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor by using the data obtained from the hysteresis output. The variation of winding resistance with temperature and its effect on different speeds and torque control of the motor has been investigated by keeping all other motor parameters constant. The effect of the stator winding resistance on the speed and torque control of the motor has been shown in simulation studies.
Design of corrugated pipes under ground loads and evaluation of the effect of pipe bedding on the design
Authors: SAKA Fatih , ORTAKCI Taha
Published: September 2022

Corrugated pipes used in sewage systems can be placed at high burial depths due to field conditions and can be exposed to large ground loads. However, pipe safety underground loads is often overlooked. In corrugated pipe design underground loads; the strength of the pipes, the quality of the soil placed around the pipe and the local soil are decisive and the enhanced Iowa formula is used for calculations. Underground loads, both bedding and covering processes are effective in the design of corrugated pipes. In this study, design calculations were made at the risky points on the sample project. In the study, data that will facilitate the ground load design of SN 4 and SN 8 rigid corrugated pipes at various bedding angles are presented with graphics. With this graphics, soil reaction modules that will occur in different bedding conditions were obtained and it was shown that the covering soil properties were selected according to this value. When the data obtained are compared (evaluated), it is seen that corrugated pipe bedding can be more effective than the stiffness class of the pipe.
Türkiye'nin soğuk bölgelerinde yalıtım kalınlığının enerji tasarrufuna etkisi
Authors: KARABEY Altuğ
Published: September 2022

In the countries procuring a major amount of their energy from abroad, using of the energy effectively and ensuring the energy-saving become gradually more important. In this study, considering the climatic and meteorological conditions of Van province, optimum insulation thickness, payback period, and energy-saving values were analyzed for three insulation materials (rock wool, polyurethane, XPS) and five energy sources (imported coal, fuel oil, LPG, natural gas and electricity) on wall models built with pumice and aerated concrete. The optimum insulation thickness was calculated using the interest and inflation rates. The calculations were made by making use of the lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA). Insulation thickness that should be applied depending on the wall elements used in buildings can vary. Thus, examining the wall models, insulation materials and energy sources were examined, and the optimum insulation thicknesses, annual savings, and payback periods were found to be 3-15.6 mm, 30-63%, and 1.4-5.8 years, respectively, in the present study.
Farklı sismik bölgelerde yerel zemin koşullarının yapı hedef yerdeğiştirmelerine etkisi
Authors: AVCIL Fatih , IŞIK Ercan , BÜYÜKSARAÇ Aydın
Published: September 2022

The local soil conditions of the region where the structure is located are one of the important parameters taken into account in the evaluation and design of structures under the influence of earthquakes. In this study, the effect of different local soil conditions on target displacement values of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures in different seismic regions was investigated. For this purpose, four different settlements within each earthquake zone specified in the previous earthquake zone map were taken into account. Structural analyzes for a sample reinforced concrete structure using four different local soil conditions were performed for all residential units separately. The values predicted in the current earthquake hazard map for the considered locations were repeated for four different local soil classes. For the settlements, the predicted values in the last two maps were compared. As the soil properties improved as a result of the structural analysis, the displacement values predicted for the building performance level took lower values.
Investigation of pozzolanic properties of acidic and basic tuffs: A case study from Elazığ and Gümüşhane regions
Authors: ASLAN Yasemin , GÜROCAK Zülfü
Published: September 2022

Pozzolans are used as additives in stabilizing clayey soils and as trass in cement production. Natural and unnatural pozzolans added to the ground in the stabilization process increase the bearing strength and strength of the soil, reduce the deformations that will occur as a result of stresses, settlements, swelling potential, liquefaction potential and permeability. It Pozzolans, which are used in cement and called trass, reduce the heat of hydration, increase the resistance of concrete against cracking, increase the waterproofing of the concrete and prevent the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction. For this reason, researching materials with natural pozzolanic properties and examining their pozzolanic properties are important for the country's economy.

In this study, chemical and mineralogical studies were carried out to determine the pozzolanic properties of acidic and basic tuffs, and pozzolanic activity tests were carried out on the tuffs. As a result of the studies, although the acidic character tuffs belonging to the Kızılkaya Formation meet the conditions for use as an additive in the stabilization and cement production recommended in the standards, they cannot provide sufficient compressive strength in the pozzolanic activity test. This is due to the low CaO ratio. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the CaO ratio with lime additives in the use of acidic tuffs. It has been concluded that the chemical properties of the basic character tuffs of the Karabakır Formation are not in accordance with the limit values given in the standards, they will not create sufficient pozzolanic reaction and cannot be used as an additive material.
Portable anaerobic bioreactor design and production trials
Authors: ŞENOL Halil , ATASOY Selçuk
Published: September 2022

Biogas is a flammable gas mixture that can be produced by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. It contains 50-65% methane gas, 35-50% carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and 100-1000 ppm hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas in biogas. One of the biggest disadvantages in biogas production technologies is the cost of purification technologies that convert biogas to biomethane. In this study, a portable, intermittent anaerobic bioreactor and a 20 liter gasometer were designed. The purpose of using gasometer is to ensure the adsorption of H2S and CO2 gases in the raw biogas coming out of the bioreactor, using only the production power of the biogas without requiring any external intervention. In this context, only the produced biogas amount and biogas content of the batch bioreactor with an effective volume of 5 liters were tested twice. Within the scope of this production, a sample was taken every five days from the start of gas production in the batch reactor and the removal of chemical oxygen demand was compared with the initial situation. Each production trial lasted 36 days. Then, the second stage of the study was started and the biogas outlet was directly connected to the gasometer tank. At this stage, biogas and organic waste samples were taken from the gasometer and batch reactor every five days and tested. While the H2S and CO2 contents of the biogas formed as a result of the experiments without gasometer were 558 ± 55 ppm and 55.4 ± 2.9%, respectively, these values were found to be 45 ppm and 24.5%, respectively, as a result of the production with gasometer. As a result, it has been determined that an industrial-scale gasometer system adsorbs approximately 88% of H2S and 55% of CO2 in biogas without requiring an extra biogas purification unit. For further studies, changing the gasometer volume and increasing the holding times of the water in the gasometer are recommended as CO2 and H2S concentrations can be further reduced.
Understanding Sinan's architecture through some last works in special locations in Istanbul
Authors: KÜÇÜKKATIRCI Seda
Published: September 2022

Sinan's last works, which include the designs after the Selimiye Mosque design; while being fed by Sinan's past works, the past has brought a new horizon to the foundation with different design experiments. In this period, some of the buildings outside of Istanbul were built by their assistants; Although there were deviations from the basic principles, Sinan, who took part in the construction processes of the last period buildings in Istanbul with his assistants, brought the structures of special importance to the city in this period. Within the scope of the research, the four structures that Sinan built on the coast of Istanbul, which are considered important in the last periods of his life, and which are at the forefront of the city silhouette; Azapkapı Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque, Şemsi Ahmet Pasha Mosque, Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque and Molla Çelebi Mosque, and the Messiah Mehmet Pasha Mosque and Nişancı Mehmet Pasha Mosque in the historical peninsula will be examined. The fact that the mentioned mosques are located on the coastline and/or on the historical peninsula; It will be observed what kind of effects and orientations it causes in the plan plane and in the context of height; At the same time, the structure of the structural system used by Sinan in these last period mosques and the differences in the layout will be examined comparatively. In the conclusion section; The innovations and developments that Sinan brought to the classical period architecture in his last period will be revealed through the design decisions applied in mosques and complexes in important urban points, which were examined in detail throughout the study.
Correction of Potentially Modifiable Components of Metabolic Syndrome for the Primary Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Comorbid Patients with Premature Atrial Complexes
Authors: Olesin Aleksandr I. , Konstantinova Irina V. , Ivanov Vladimir S.
Published: September 2022

AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) as primary prevention of AF in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and premature atrial complexes (PAC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We monitored 856 MS patients with PAC, aged 5872 (mean age, 66.4 0.7) years, in the north-western region of the Russian Federation. A 5-year risk of AF was calculated in all patients after the examination by determining the potential prognostic time range for Af development and its index of probable occurrence (RCHARGE-AF) using the CHARGE-AF model. The correction of potentially modifiable MS components and risk factors for AF development (smoking cessation, elimination of physical inactivity, etc.) until their target values were achieved was offered to all patients. The follow-up endpoint was the preservation of sinus rhythm or AF registration.
RESULTS: All patients with MS were distributed into three groups. Group I consisted of 557 (65.07%) patients with incomplete correction of risk factors, and group II included 93 (10.86%) who achieved the target values of all potentially modifiable factors for AF development. The control group included the remaining patients without quantitative and qualitative changes in the dynamics AF predictors. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of sex, age, concomitant diseases, and risk factors for AF. The achievement of the target values of the main MS components, including body mass index and/or waist circumference, correlated with the performance of regular aerobic exercises (odds ratio [OR] = 8.9), adherence to a diet (OR = 7.5), duration of MS diagnosis 20 years before the start of correction (OR = 12.8), and intake of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (Liraglutide) (OR = 5.4).
In the control group, group I, and group II, AF development did not differ significantly and was registered in 192 (93.20%), 491 (88.15%), and 79 (84.95%) patients (p 0.05), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In MS patients with PAC and a high 5-year risk of AF, the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for AF development, as its primary prevention, is ineffective. The determination of the RCHARGE-AF index in MS patients with PAC in dynamics indicates the efficiency of the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for AF development, but it does not determine the degree of the risk of its occurrence.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Kanorskii Sergey G.
Published: September 2022

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, including life-threatening ones. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located deep under the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and is therefore in direct contact with the underlying myocardium. In pathological conditions, EAT undergoes a phenotypic transition from a neighbor with protective properties to a substrate that secretes many substances that change the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes by modulating ion currents that disrupt intercellular electrical connections and stimulate fibrosis. An excess of EAT can cause atrial and ventricular conduction disturbances, which are already evident with standard electrocardiography, predispose to the occurrence of the re-entry phenomenon and cardiac arrhythmias. Among the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis under the influence of EAT, modulation of ion channels and gap junctions, fibrous remodeling and fatty infiltration are more often considered. However, most of these mechanisms have been studied in experimental studies and cannot easily be extrapolated to humans. There is convincing evidence of a direct relationship between EAT volume and the severity of atrial fibrillation, as well as the clinical benefit obtained from weight loss in patients with this arrhythmia. It is likely that the benefits of weight loss may extend to ventricular arrhythmias.
Preoperative Prediction of Optimal Method and Site of Left Ventricular Electrode Implantation
Authors: Stepanova Vera V. , Marinin Valery A. , Zubarev Stepan V.
Published: September 2022

We present a clinical case of cardiac resynchronization device implantation in a patient with a zone of late left ventricular activation in the area of the anterior coronary sinus vein, which, however, was unsuitable for endovascular implantation and stable electrode placement in it. This anatomical feature was diagnosed at the outpatient stage using a noninvasive mapping technique. Using this approach, we were able to understand that an epicardial electrode implantation, instead of traditional endovascular implantation of the left ventricular electrode through the coronary sinus vein, is indicated for the patient. Targeted implantation of an epicardial electrode in the area of interest on the epicardial surface of the left ventricle in the basal part of the anterolateral wall allowed achieving a complete clinical response to resynchronization therapy.
Endocardial Electrophysiological Study in Clinical Practice in Patients with Bradysystole and Conduction Rhythm Disorders: a review
Authors: Zhelyakov Evgeny G. , Ardashev Andrey V.
Published: September 2022

The article demonstrates modern diagnostic capabilities of endocardial electrophysiological examination in cardiological patients with bradysystole and conduction disturbances that allow adequate assessment of the clinical situation. We made an attempt to systematize current indications for an electrophysiological study in this category of patients based on the analysis of several current recommendations.
A Case of Mitral Annular Disjunction Combined with Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Novikova Tatyana N. , Basova Veronika A. , Evdokimova Larisa S. , Gnevasheva Natalia A. , Itskovich Irina E. , Novikov Vladimir I. , Saiganov Sergey A. , Shcherbakova Vladislava A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents a clinical case of a combination of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), mitral annular disjunction (MAD), and ventricular arrhythmia. The presence of MAD worsens the prognosis in MVP and predisposes to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. In a 42-year-old patient, MAD was detected during echocardiography to determine the indications for surgical correction of mitral insufficiency in MVP. Severe myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets, polysegmental prolapse, and typical auscultatory pattern (systolic click followed by systolic murmur in the second half of systole) were the indications for the targeted search for MAD. Multi-day (ECG) monitoring recorded nonsustained ventricular tachycardias and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed for confirmation the diagnosis and searched for left ventricular myocardial fibrosis accompanying MAD. Finally, MAD was confirmed, but myocardial fibrotic changes were not detected. Owing to the absence of myocardial fibrosis, the patient was treated conservatively with a beta-adrenoblocker (25 mg/day slow-release metoprolol succinate) in combination with 25 mg/day allaforte. Repeated 24-h ECG monitoring did not detect ventricular tachycardias and nonsustained registered a significant decrease of number of PVCs. The patient is followed up prospectively due to high risk factors for fibrosis and worsening prognosis, which may require surgical correction of the existing disturbances and/or implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator.
Water Scarcity and Sufferings of The Tribal People: A Study on Bandarban Hilly Area
Authors: Zahan Nasrin
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to provide an extensive layout of water scarcity and the challenges that face the tribal people in hill tract area. Considering the nature of the problem, this study has followed the stratified sampling method of a total of forty respondents of Chimbuk hill area in Bandarban district. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire with the assistance of a number of trained university students of this area under the direct supervision of the author. Besides these, secondary sources of national and international level have been used in this study. In addition to the study found that lack of infrastructural facilities as well as not having deep water bodies force them to depend on water fall. These are the main source of water supply which is responsible for sufferings of the hilly area as water fall dry out in winter season. The study has made an exploratory study and seek to provide an insight into different types of challenges as well as the adverse effects of such issues. So, obviously the study will provide an exceptional idea and intensity of the problem. Though innumerable studies of water scarcity of hilly area have been published, fundamental issues are not properly focused on. Therefore, it would genuinely help for future study as well as formulating the policy of the development of the hilly area.
Effect of Health Education through Community leaders on increased knowledge of Households Regarding malaria control, treatment and prevention in intervention and control villages of New Halfa Locality-Kassala State (2017-2020)
Authors: Abdelseed Fazaa Abdallah , Alhadi Magda , Abdalmajed M.A , Mohammed Bakri Yousif
Published: September 2022

Malaria vector control in Sudan has a long history. The primary vector control interventions are IRS in targeted areas with irrigation schemes, use of LLINs, LSM, and space spraying during an emergency. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Health Education through Community leaders on increased knowledge of Households Regarding malaria control, treatment and prevention in intervention and control villages of New Halfa Locality-Kassala State (2017-2020). Randomized community trials (Controlled intervention study) in New Halfa locality among two communities were randomly assigned to the intervention group which receive health education messages regarding the use of LLINs and control group where there is no health education. A standard Questionnaire was used to collect data from the head of household at each village. The information collected should include the owner and  using LLINs, distributed to household. The observation the conditions of LLINs. This Questionnaire was done with committee for integrated vector management - Federal Ministry of Health and WHO. There were association between education level and overall mean knowledge of respondents about mosquito breeding sites, malaria control, uncomplicated malaria symptoms, severe malaria symptoms, and uncomplicated malaria treatment, severe malaria treatment, and fever treatment, p < 0.05. However, the overall mean knowledge was significantly more significant among those who have University education were compared to other level of education, p< 0.05. An increase knowledge scores was observed when pre- and post-test scores on malaria prevention and control were compared. Health education packages.i.e., mass media messages during Bed nets campaigns and the role of community leaders on malaria, was found to have improved knowledge of malaria prevention and control among the studied community.
Assessment of Primary Healthcare Facilities Coverage in Rural Population of Sharg-Elnil Locality - Khartoum State from 2018 to 2020.
Authors: Abdalla H.A. , Abdalla M.A. , Abdalmajed M.A.
Published: September 2022

Background: Sudan’s health system is based on the district health system approach, which emphasizes the principles of Primary HealthCare (PHC). Nevertheless, the decentralization of the public sector   resulted in more deterioration of the PHC system particularly in rural and peripheral areas due to lack of financial resources and managerial capacities.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the primary Healthcare facilities coverage for rural population in Sharg Elnil locality from 2018 to 2020. The study was conducted in the rural areas of Sharg Elnil locality.

Materials and methods: Analytical, prospective Facility based study. A number of (37) Health facility was selected for the study. The study was conducted by using questionnaires. Data was computed and analyzed using SPSS program version 25.0. Descriptive and inferential statistic was used.

Results: The majority of health facilities were compliance with classification of ministry of health   standards (94.6%). The number of villages that health facility covered in rural hospital was (10.3±1.4), (4.9±.5) health centers and (3.9±.6) in dispensaries. The vast majority of health facilities 83.8% have a mean of transportation to access health facility. Nearly half of the health facilities were distance less than 2 km of health area 48.6%. The vast majority of health facilities 83.8% have a mean of  transportation to access health facility. The majority of health services available in health facilities were vaccination service (100%), nutrition services (94.6%), reproductive health services (70.3%), health education services (64.9% ), disease surveillance system (64.9%), Essential, Community mobilization service (51.4%) while the health services available by less than 50% were drugs list in the health facility (45.9%), Health insurance coverage (27%) Free drugs for children less than 5 yrs (16.2%), the lab   services (21.6%), referred system 24.3%, ambulance services 24.3%, blood bank services (13.5%),  dentist services 5.4%, x-rays services 8.1% and other services 2.7%. Only 10.8% of the existence  equipment in health facilities was adequate. The most basic problems and challenges found in health facilities were unsuitability of work environment 51.4%, deficit in medical devices 35.1%, deployment of contractors and health promoters 32.4%, no ambulance during summer days where scorpion and snake bites is more 32.4%, no treatment available during rainy season days 29.7%, un-continuity of electricity and water 21.6%, no health insurance 16.2% and building maintenance 5.4%.

Conclusion: The results show that, although the average PHC performance is almost appropriate and some of the surveyed health facilities have very high performances, some low-income and deprived   areas experience substantial challenges. It is recommended that PHC plans should be formulated across the country and then implemented according to the local health needs and priorities.
Sero-Prevalence of Syphilis Among Blood Donors in Port Sudan city, Sudan, 2016
Authors: Hassan A.A. AL , Abdalmajed M.A. , Mohamadeen Tahane Bashir , Mohamadeen Nagat Bashir
Published: September 2022

Background: Several infectious diseases have been found to be associated with transfusion of blood and blood components. Studies conducted in many African countries indicate a high prevalence of blood-borne pathogens such as Syphills infections among healthy blood donors.

Objectives: This study conducted to determine the prevalence of syphills among blood donors and  associated risk factors in Port Sudan city, 2016.

Materials and methods: Across sectional laboratory-based study conducted in Port Sudan city. A Blood donor in central blood bank in Port Sudan during the period between August-October-2016. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0.

Results: The prevalence of syphilis among blood donors were 13.24%. The risk factors associated with prevalence syphills were significantly the age group 40-49 years, hard workers, primary schools donors and blood donors who has two sex partnerships, p<0.05.

Conclusion: The overall prevalence of syphills among blood donors in Portsudan city is 13.2% which is high in comparison to prevalence of noticed studies was done in different areas in the country. The risk factors associated with prevalence syphills were significantly the age group 40-49 years, hard workers, primary schools donors and blood donors who have two sex partnerships. Early and accurate detection of cases and conduction of effective treatment as to stop the progression of disease which can be infective to others. In addition to Health education on blood donations and safe sex behaviors targeting sexually active population, particularly between 20-50years old.
Research of Models of Topological Relations of Spatial Objects
Authors: Gorshkov Vladislav G. , Murin Dmitriy M. , Yakimova Olga P.
Published: September 2022

In map production it is necessary to keep the spatial relationships between map objects. Generalization is the simplification performed on geographical data when decreasing its representation scale. It is a common practice to simplify each type of spatial objects independently (administrative boundaries first, then road network, hydrographic network, etc.). During the process some spatial conflicts, which require manual correction, arise inevitably. The generalization automation still remains an open issue for data producers and users. Many researchers are working to achieve a higher level of automation. In order to detect the spatial conflicts a refined description of spatial relationships is needed.The paper analyzes models of describing topological relationships of spatial objects: the nine intersections model, the topological chain model and the E-WID model. Each considered model allows to take into account some relations between objects, but does not allow to transfer them exactly. As a result, the task of developing a model of relations preserving topology is relevant. We have proposed an improved model of nine intersections, which takes into account the topological conflict that occurs when a point object is located next to a simplified line. Line simplification is one of the most requested actions in map production and generalization. When the mesh covered the map inside the cell there can be points, line segments and polygonal topological objects, which, if the cell is rather small, are polyline objects. Thus, the issue of simplification of topological objects within a cell is reduced to the issue of simplification of linear objects (polylines). The developed algorithm is planned to be used to solve the problem of consistent generalization of spatial data. The ideas outlined in this article will form the basis of a new index of spatial data that preserves their topological relationships.