bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del complejo enzimático celulasa en hongos nativos del Perú
Authors: Llacza Ladera Henry Frans , Castellanos Sánchez Pedro Luis , Meza Mendoza Patricia
Published: January 2022

En el Perú información sobre el potencial biotecnológico de los hongos nativos para la degradación de la celulosa presenta escasos registros. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad celulolítica de hongos aislados en los departamentos de Cajamarca, Lima, Junín y Huánuco. 289 especies de hongos fueron sometidos a reactivación después de un periodo de conservación de 7 años empleando papel filtro y caldo Czapeck, evaluados de manera semicuantitativa empleando la técnica de difusión radial en agar Czapeck Na-CMC para luego seleccionar cinco cepas que fueron identificadas morfológicamente y también se determinó su capacidad celulolítica por el método de Somogyi-Nelson. Se reactivaron 90% (260) de los hongos que pasaron por evaluación semicuantitativa, seleccionando cinco cepas por su mayor área de aclaramiento: 14.9, 12.5, 12.0, 14.4 y 12.7 x 102 mm2; SA 726 (Paecilomyces sp), SA 668 (Paecilomyces sp), SA 651 (Paecilomyces sp), SA 683 (Fusarium sp) y HN 566 (Aspergillus sp) con AE de: 0.048, 0.042, 0.042, 0.080 y 0.048 UI/ml respectivamente. Las cepas nativas evaluadas mantienen una buena viabilidad en el tiempo y conservan la capacidad para degradar celulosa. Estas cepas pueden ser empleadas en procesos biotecnológicos para el tratamiento de efluentes agroindustriales.
La planificación del espacio urbano: El turismo, lo cultural y gastronómico. Luces y sombras a 100 años del barrio Güemes
Authors: Pereyra Ailen Suyai
Published: January 2022

En los últimos veinte años determinados sectores de las ciudades asisten a una reconfiguración que reproduce el modo de producción capitalista actual. En este marco, la agenda estatal plantea una serie de celebraciones y conmemoraciones espectaculares que operan como lógicas de suturación ideológica en contextos socio-segregados. La ciudad de Córdoba no es la excepción a estos procesos y también a un conjunto de articulaciones de sujetos y prácticas intervienen en transformaciones que generan nuevas formas de experimentar y producir en áreas a partir de diversas lógicas. El trabajo plantea desde una perspectiva cualitativa, en un primer momento, un recorrido por los puntos de inflexión históricos y de la política urbana que actualizan la memoria, obturan espacios urbanos y continúan con formas de dominación en el escenario barrial. Se postula que el polo comercial es parte de la estrategia estatal y privada para caracterizar el festejo del centenario del barrio. Luego, se describe el programa "Güemes Centenario: 100 bares en Ocho Manzanas" como reconstrucción de la experiencia social que une lo turístico, cultural y gastronómico. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre cómo se construye el discurso social en torno a los festejos de los 100 años del barrio Güemes.
Las fortalezas y debilidades de la teoría de la hegemonía cultural de Gramsci para el estudio del discurso del mestizaje en el Perú
Authors: Rodríguez Guillén Carolina
Published: January 2022

El presente ensayo evaluará la idoneidad de la teoría de la hegemonía cultural Gramsciana para el estudio del discurso del mestizaje en el Perú. Así, se abordará la teoría de Gramsci sobre la hegemonía cultural. Seguidamente, se presentarán algunos apuntes sobre el discurso del mestizaje en el Perú y cómo este puede ser analizado a partir de la teoría Gramsciana. Finalmente, utilizará los conceptos desglosados para mostrar las fortalezas y debilidades de la hegemonía cultural para el análisis del discurso en mención.
Cuando la experiencia secuestrada se subleva: Sobrevivir la pandemia
Authors: Acha Kutscher Elisabeth
Published: January 2022

El artículo examina el impacto, a nivel académico y personal, de la pandemia Covid-19 en estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) con el fin de establecer una agenda de investigación con perspectiva de género. Testimonios y conversaciones informales revelan, que el bienestar emocional y cognitivo se ha visto principalmente afectado a raíz de múltiples pérdidas, condición de encierro, contracción del presupuesto familiar lo que lleva al quiebre de la confianza básica. Adicionalmente, los resultados de una encuesta-diagnóstico aplicada en abril 2021 en conjunción con el Decanato de la misma Facultad permiten vislumbrar, dificultades en la gestión del tiempo y falta de condiciones adecuadas de estudio, a lo que se suma el incremento de las horas invertidas en tareas domésticas y labores de cuidado de familiares dependientes. Los hallazgos muestran igualmente la gran oportunidad que significa la pandemia para recrear una nueva normalidad.
Las políticas de reparación simbólica a las víctimas del conflicto armado interno: Avances en el caso de Accomarca, Ayacucho
Authors: Garrido Espíritu Geraldine Yolanda
Published: January 2022

En el 2003 se realizó la entrega del Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación que recogió alrededor de 7,300 testimonios de víctimas del conflicto armado interno vivido entre los años 1980 y 2000 en el Perú. A partir de lo recogido, se brindó recomendaciones y reflexiones con la idea de generar una nueva ciudadanía y reformar las instituciones para prevenir la violencia y respetar los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, estas acciones necesitan un proceso de reconocer a las víctimas y brindarles un debido proceso de justicia y reparación. En el presente artículo, se presenta parte de la investigación que sigue en proceso sobre el programa de reparaciones simbólicas en el distrito de Accomarca de la región de Ayacucho, el cual sigue a la espera de la construcción de un lugar de memoria para recordar, albergar y encontrar las memorias, vivencias y luchas de su comunidad.
An experimental study on a conversational agent in software testing lessons
Authors: PASCHOAL Leo Natan , MELO Silvana Morita , NEVES Vânia de Oliveira , CONTE Tayana Uchôa , de SOUZA Simone do Rocio Senger
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, few professionals understand the techniques and testing criteria to systematize the software testing activity in the software industry. Towards shedding some light on such problems and promoting software testing, professors in the area have established Massive Open Online Courses as educational initiatives. However, the main limitation is the professor’s lack of supervision of students. A conversation agent called TOB-STT has been defined in trying to avoid the problem. A previous study introduced TOB-STT; however, it did not analyze its efficacy. This article addresses a controlled experiment that analyzed its efficacy and revealed it was not expressive in its current version. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth analysis to find what caused this result and provided a detailed discussion. The findings contribute to the TOB-STT since the experimental results show that improvements need to be made in the conversational agent before we use it in Massive Open Online Courses.
Challenges and Opportunities of Family Leisure Organization for Younger School-Age Children: Parents’ Opinions
Authors: Ručinskė Deimantė , Bilbokaitė-Skiauterienė Ieva , Širiakovienė Asta
Published: January 2022

The success of education in the family depends on the time spent by the parents with the child, the varied and meaningful leisure time. However, in Lithuania little attention is paid to the fact that the working hours and holiday time of parents raising school-age children are coordinated with the children’s school schedule . The lack of  occupation for children  usually poses many social problems. The organization and content of family leisure depends on the ability to involve children in a variety of activities according to their interests and needs. Properly organized leisure distracts children from spending time meaninglessly, harmful habits, provides an opportunity to develop various skills, to communicate with family members. Meaningful family leisure time is often limited by certain obstacles: family composition, age of children, financial situation, parents’ work schedule, supply of entertainment, etc.

The aim of this research was to find out the problems and possibilities of organizing leisure time for younger school children in the family. Responding to the goal,  it was sought to answer the questions: how is the leisure time of younger school-age children organized in the family, and what problems do parents face? In order to achieve the aim of the research and to collect the research data, a written questionnaire survey of parents was used.

An empirical study conducted in October 2019 (N = 90) showed that family leisure is always or often planned by parents, usually taking into account the financial situation of the family. Families choose both active and passive activities that do not require prior preparation. It turned out that one of the most important problems in planning family leisure time is the insufficient supply of events for families with younger school-age children. There is a lack of events that promote active leisure.
Transdisciplininių literatūros ir vertimo tyrimų kryptys: vertimas kaip esminė komunikacijos funkcija
Authors: Zolubienė Agnė
Published: January 2022

Tarptautinė literatūros ir vertimo studijų konferencija „Pasaulio literatūra ir mažumos: vaizdavimas, sklaida ir vertimas“, 2021 m. gegužės 5–7 d., Leveno katalikiškasis universitetas, Belgija
Translation Ethnography: A Case Study of Translation History in the Marijampole Region of Southwest Lithuania
Authors: Vilkienė Vida
Published: January 2022

The cultural and geopolitical reasons that led the Marijampole region of southwestern Lithuania to become a cradle of translation activities are discussed in the paper. Brief references regarding the cultural elite, and cultural and political activists starting from the middle of the 19th century are provided: they deserve consideration because of different incentives and goals inherent in their lifetime activities and their input into translation. Many writers of the Marijampole region who were born, educated and lived there would translate from different European languages to introduce the culture of the world to Lithuanians and encourage them to be proud of their own identity. Some of them, especially linguists, pioneered theories of translation. They conducted research on translation and analyzed various issues of translated literature. Although the article limits itself to just one region, it deals with the importance of translation activities as a strengthening factor of the nation-state and preservation of its language.
Transumano, demasiado humano
Authors: Castro Jefferson Inácio de
Published: January 2022

Na esteira do desenvolvimento biotecnológico, possibilidades antes fictícias agora se tornam cada vez mais próximas: aprimoramento de capacidades motoras e cognitivas, corpos artificialmente produzidos, clonagem da mente e extensão artificial da vida são alguns exemplos, defendidos pelo transumanismo. Há, porém, um debate ético quanto à pertinência de promover aprimoramentos não terapêuticos em seres humanos, opondo autores que alertam para o risco de desumanização e autores que defendem que nos tornaremos “mais que humanos”. Recorrendo aos trabalhos de Wilson e Haslam (2009) e Guttmann (2006), entre outros, este artigo propõe um framework que conecta os temas da ética e transumanismo e discute relações entre eles. Incluem-se como pontos de maior debate: as relações entre ética e tecnologia; tecnologia e comunidade; e tecnologia e conhecimento. Recomenda-se ampliar o número de obras analisadas em pesquisas futuras, a fim de aprimorar a operacionalização e alcance do framework.
La piñata como meme, artesanía y objeto transcultural
Authors: Bouchard Hans
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo trata de analizar de manera cualitativa y fenomenológica la piñata y sus transformaciones como objeto transcultural desde una perspectiva transmedial en un estudio ejemplar con enfoque en México, en los espacios de la web y las plataformas sociales. Se propone analizar la piñata como objeto transcultural en sus contextos y formas de representaciones distintas: como artesanía, práctica religiosa-popular durante las posadas, objeto central de un cortometraje, galería de arte en Facebook y lootbox en Fortnite. Se puede observar que los procesos de transformación de las formas de representación de la piñata son resultado directo de los ámbitos mediáticos y las prácticas culturales en las que se insertan. Por lo tanto, se puede atestiguar cierto tipo de globalización y mercantilización de la piñata, tal como la apertura a prácticas abiertas como objeto localizado y artesanía.
Rezension von BECKER, Lidia, Julia Kuhn, Christina Ossenkop, Anja Overbeck, Claudia Polzin-Haumann & Elton Prifti (ed.). 2020. Fachbewusstsein der Romanistik. Romanistisches Kolloquium XXXII. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
Authors: Grutschus Anke
Published: January 2022

Rezension
Aplicación de la Escala de Afrontamiento Frente a Riesgos Extremos en el profesorado de preescolar en Chile en el contexto de emergencias masivas: estudio de caso
Authors: Leigh González Camila Alejandra , Leigh González Enrique , Gómez Zuloaga Susana
Published: January 2022

La investigación que se presenta buscó identificar el estilo de afrontamiento a emergencias masivas en el ámbito educativo; en particular con personal docente que se desempeña en la etapa preescolar, dado que son figuras centrales en el desarrollo integral de niños y niñas entre 0 a 6 años. Se utilizó un método mixto, que estuvo compuesto por la aplicación de la Escala de Afrontamiento a Riesgos Extremos y por entrevistas en profundidad. En la aplicación de la escala participaron 25 personas y 4 en la entrevista en profundidad. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: poseer el título profesional de educación de niñas y niños, participar en el estudio de forma voluntaria y contar con autorización de quien dirige la corporación educacional. Los resultados arrojados develaron un estilo de afrontamiento activo en la mayoría de las personas participantes (64%), caracterizado por un abordaje proactivo de situaciones emergentes, autorregulación y una tendencia a buscar apoyo en el entorno. En el análisis de contenido, las respuestas de afrontamiento se presentaron en dos categorías: emociones y acciones. Se concluyó que existe un estilo de afrontamiento predominantemente activo en las personas participantes, al apreciarse que un componente esencial es la búsqueda de asistencia de terceras partes para afrontar situaciones críticas; por otro lado, emergió de la falta de preparación formal en estrategias de afrontamiento de emergencias desde la perspectiva afectiva, ligado a la contención y manejo de emociones.
El complejo inicio de la práctica docente en contingencia del estudiantado novel en educación inclusiva en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Rangel Romero Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

La práctica docente del profesorado falto de experiencia es el proceso de construcción de hechos en el contexto escolar, con el propósito de desarrollar competencias para la atención educativa. En tiempos de contingencia, iniciarla en aislamiento en casa dirige al estudiantado novel en educación inclusiva a llevarla a cabo en escenarios virtuales que permiten la construcción de vivencias que serán parte de su preparación profesional. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el complejo proceso en la formación de inicio, donde, a través de la investigación etnográfica, se logre conocer, desde los testimonios del estudiantado, la forma en la que recapacita la primera aproximación a la distancia durante el ciclo escolar 2020-2021. Este documento concluye en la idea de que las personas que estudian crean pensamientos acerca del ser profesional de la educación aún en encierro, así como un concepto de identidad en cuanto a ser docente en tiempos confusos.
Miradas positivas y negativas de personas universitarias sobre las medidas de prevención en la contingencia de 2020
Authors: Fernández Poncela Anna María
Published: January 2022

En el año 2020, muchas cosas cambiaron para la población mundial; en general, la valoración ha sido calificada de negativa, tanto en discursos de organizaciones internacionales, gobiernos y medios de comunicación, como en las percepciones de la ciudadanía. El objetivo del estudio que aquí se presenta es mirar más allá de esta visión y realizar un acercamiento a las actitudes positivas que también existieron. La hipótesis de investigación es que, en el contexto de la pandemia y confinamiento, se desarrollan valoraciones positivas y negativas en la educación a distancia. El diseño metodológico se centra en relatos de personas que expresan su testimonio, tanto de las cuestiones que valoran negativas como positivas. Las personas participantes son estudiantes universitarias de la Ciudad de México. En cuanto a la técnica de recolección de información, se trata de narraciones. Sobre el análisis de datos, se trabaja con la teoría fundamentada. En general, y como resultado, es posible afirmar que se tienen las dos miradas, negativa y positiva, y que la importancia de la primera no oculta la existencia de la segunda. Como recomendación, además de la adaptación a la realidad, es posible considerar diversas perspectivas y actitudes para tener en cuenta, y que es una situación que sigue e invita a ser ampliada y profundizada.
Educación universitaria en tiempos de pandemia: el caso del estudiantado de francés
Authors: Chao Chao Kuok Wa , Cambronero Artavia María Del Pilar , Chacón Quesada María De la Paz
Published: January 2022

En el año 2020, hubo grandes cambios en la enseñanza de una lengua debido a la pandemia global del COVID-19. Esta investigación busca describir las experiencias del estudiantado de francés como lengua extranjera en cuanto a la virtualidad de sus cursos. Se trata de una investigación de enfoque mixto, cuyo instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario compuesto de preguntas abiertas y cerradas aplicado a 101 participantes. Se realizó un análisis de contenido para las preguntas abiertas y un análisis estadístico para las preguntas cerradas. Como principales resultados, las nuevas prácticas de docentes desencadenaron resultados como el aumento en la creatividad, la cooperación y un rol más activo de la persona estudiante, así como la fatiga, el estrés y la sobrecarga. Gracias a los insumos obtenidos, se concluye que, en el caso del estudiantado de francés, es posible adaptar y llevar a cabo la mayoría de los cursos de la carrera.
Las interacciones comunicativas en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la clase de Estudios Sociales
Authors: García Calderón Keiner , Barrientos Córdoba Adrián Eliécer , Córdoba Alfaro Claudio Israel
Published: January 2022

Este artículo parte de la tesis de licenciatura La clase de Estudios Sociales: Un espacio de interacciones comunicativas en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las interacciones comunicativas que se desarrollan en la clase de Estudios Sociales y su implicación en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Es un estudio cualitativo, con un método fenomenológico, mediante el cual fue posible estudiar la realidad contextual que comparten la persona docente y 27 estudiantes en las clases observadas en un colegio urbano. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación fenomenológica, los grupos de discusión y la entrevista semiestructurada. Se utilizó la triangulación como método de análisis. Los resultados de la investigación son presentados a partir de categorías de análisis centradas en los elementos comunicativos, las relaciones académico personales, y el espacio y organización de aula, así como la mediación didáctica en la asignatura. De estas deriva la construcción de la categoría central empatías o distanciamientos de las interacciones comunicativas en el espacio de clase, como aporte teórico a la temática de estudio. Por último, a partir del análisis de los resultados, se reconoce que la interacción comunicativa influye en cómo cada participante del proceso educativo aprende y se relacionan con la temática de estudio a partir de sus experiencias y el contexto en que se encuentran. Asimismo, se evidencia que la configuración del espacio determina el tipo de interacción y, a su vez, los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Los trazos de la canción: la biografía espiritual de Bruce Chatwin
Authors: López Hernández Isabel
Published: January 2022

Los trazos de la canción podría definirse como la biografía espiritual del autor británico Bruce Chatwin (1940-1989). En esta obra vuelca todas sus obsesiones y se da cuenta en ella de que llegó la hora de explicar la naturaleza de su desasosiego, ese impulso inexplicable que le alejaba de casa insistentemente. Publicada dos años antes de su muerte, en ella vierte todas las ideas que habían estado madurando desde su niñez. La aventura de dos hombres explorando los lugares más remotos de la Australia aborigen logró, además, un gran éxito de público y crítica. Encontró en el mito indígena de la creación un espejo de todas sus preocupaciones sobre el nomadismo. Escribió sobre gente que da origen a su mundo en movimiento. Con el fin de analizar cómo el autor conjuga estas ideas, el presente artículo indaga, en primer lugar, en el nacimiento de su interés por el nomadismo y Australia. En segundo lugar, profundiza en cómo la filosofía aborigen le sirve como vehículo para explicar su propio impulso nómada. Finalmente, examina el capítulo de Los trazos de la canción titulado “De las libretas de apuntes”, puesto que constituye la columna vertebral de su filosofía personal.
Etimología huetar de la palabra toboba ‘serpiente venenosa’
Authors: Portilla Mario
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo, el autor propone un origen en el huetar para la palabra toboba ‘serpiente venenosa’. Esta lengua de estirpe chibchense fue el principal idioma de sustrato del español de Costa Rica. Primeramente, analiza la semasiología de este vocablo y su distribución geográfica. Luego, mediante la aplicación del Método comparativo, logra establecer correspondencias sistemáticas entre esta palabra y posibles cognados de otras lenguas de la familia chibcha, lo que comprueba su parentesco y origen a partir de la misma protoforma reconstruida.
Some applications of periodic orbits for competitive systems
Authors: Díaz-Marín Homero G. , Osuna Osvaldo
Published: January 2022

We prove existence of periodic orbits for non-autonomous two dimensional competitive dynamical systems with periodic time dependence. The proof is an adaptation of a similar assertion stated for cooperative systems in [6]. We also give two main applications: one model for cancer cell populations under periodic chemotherapy as treated in [4] and [3] for the cooperative case, and another model for mosquito population replacement dynamics interacting with control sterile mosquitoes with periodic release [1], for the competitive case.
Operads libres sobre módulos diferenciales graduados
Authors: Sánchez-Guevara Jesús
Published: January 2022

Los operads son estructuras algebraicas que han manifestado su importancia en el estudio y clasificación de las propiedades homotópicas de espacios de lazos. Este artículo aborda el estudio de la noción de operad libre, tanto para el caso simétrico, como para el caso no simétrico, pues este tipo de construcción representa un método valioso en el diseño de operads en diferentes situaciones. Para hacer esto, los operads simétricos son interpretados como monoides sobre la categoría de S-módulos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar algunas de las propiedades principales entre los funtores asociados a las construcciones de operads simétricos libres para la comprensión de los mecanismos de este tipo de estructuras. Lo cual lleva al resultado principal de este artículo, donde se expresa al funtor de operads libres simétricos en términos del funtor de operads libres no simétricos cuando las acciones de los grupos simétricos son libres.
TATUS OF PHYSICAL CAPACITY OF LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Tzankova-Kaloyanova M.
Published: January 2022

The status of the physical capacity of students is a very accurate and objective indicator, through which the efficiency of the educational process in physical education and sports can be assessed.
The aim of this research is to determine the current state of the physical capacity among the students from V to VII grade from Secondary School “D. Debelyanov”, Burgas. The study was conducted with 156 students, who were divided into two groups – boys and girls. Indicators of the physical capacity of students are their physical achievements. In order to define those, tests have been applied, taken from the new system for assessing the physical capacity of students. A test battery was used, which includes the following indicators – running (sprint) 30m from a high (standing) start, long jump from a standing point, throwing a thick 3 kg ball with two hands over head, running 200 m, T-test (agility). The results of the study are processed mathematically and statistically by applying comparative analysis, Student's t-test, variation analysis. The average grades of the surveyed students from 5th to 7th grade, according to the studied indicators, fall into the range of the “Good” score (in 20-level scoring), for both sexes. Only on the indicator №3 (Throwing a thick ball 3 kg) among the girls of 5th class, the grade is “Average”. In this age group, it is recommended to use tools and techniques in order to develop the strength of the upper limbs and of the abdominal muscles.
The exotic snail Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Achatinidae, Rumininae) in Argentina: new records, range extension, and areas of origin of Argentine populations
Authors: Rau Angemara I. , Beltramino Ariel A. , Serniotti Enzo N. , Pizá Julia , Caffetti Jacqueline D. , Vogler Roberto E.
Published: January 2022

The decollate land snail Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758), native to the Mediterranean region, has been introduced across several countries worldwide. We report here three new records for R. decollata in Argentina, two from Córdoba Province and the first one from Misiones Province, which also constitutes the northernmost record for the country, extending its northeastern distribution range. Species-specific identification was achieved based on anatomical, conchological, and molecular information. DNA data showed that different haplotypes are present in Argentina, which originated from distinct source areas along the native range.
Ethical Reflections on Self-Sacrifice in Russian Monasticism
Authors: Zozuľak Ján
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses self-sacrifice as the highest form of love, focusing on the Byzantine perception of ethical principles of self-sacrifice that was transferred into Russian cultural space via translations of neptic literature, thus continuing the ancient philosophical tradition. On the basis of a historical source (Eusebius of Caesarea) the author highlights cases of self-sacrifice in individuals’ lives out of charitable love for their neighbours and illuminate a new Christian axiological outlook on sacrifice. Sacrifice and self-sacrifice are not understood in the sense of a victim of the system, but rather as a sacrifice out of love for one’s neighbour. Christians approach death positively either through conscious sacrifice/self-sacrifice or through spiritual struggle, ascesis. In relation to this, this paper outlines the topic of self-sacrifice in relation to martyrdom and, subsequently, the martyrdom of conscience, in which the essence of ascetic life originates. The basic aim is to compare the Greek and Russian understanding of self-sacrifice by using specific examples. The foundational sources for this paper are neptic texts, the authors of which, on the basis of their own experience, asked their readers for spiritual struggle and sacrificing their lives to God. Their ideas were transferred to Russian context through the Dobrotolublye, which had a profound impact on the spread of the hesychastic tradition in Russia in the nineteenth century. Exemplars of spiritual struggle within representatives of Russian monasticism, who sacrificed their lives to God and brought a Byzantine understanding of spiritual struggle against passion into Russian culture include Paisiy Velichkovsky, Nazariy Kondratyev, Serafim of Sarov, and the Optina elders Mosey, Leonid, and Makariy.
A ‘Thirst for Torment’ vs Suffering ‘for Righteousness’: The Polemics of Old Believer Sacrifice at the Turn of the Era
Authors: Popovich Alexey
Published: January 2022

This article describes Old Believer polemics about sacrifice via self-immolation and other forms of ‘self-inflicted death’ between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The main object of condemnation by the Russian state and church authorities was the Old Believer system of sacralising one’s own sufferings (the creation and distribution of related narratives, appeals to popular religiosity, and the veneration of new martyrs). The author examines Old Believer writings and decrees, admonitions, and texts created by the authorities as parts of one discursive field and concludes that rational methods for combating Old Believer martyrs were consolidated in the Petrine era at the conceptual level in order to preserve the taxable population. Feofan (Prokopovich) offered the most original explanation for the widespread Old Believer veneration of new martyrs by interpreting it as bliss at being ‘persecuted for righteousness’ (1722): this interpretation was the basis for his admonition On the Invalidity of Unauthorised Suffering. The active disciplinary intervention of the authorities in the sacrificial discourse and the misinterpretation of self-sacrifice that spread among the Old Believers led their leaders to speak of piety as an indispensable condition for salvation. The desire of various participants in the discourse to speak on this topic generated, if not to a specific “language”, then a whole set of experiences embodied in genetically different rhetoric.
Victims of Soviet Terror in the Prose of Sergey Lebedev and Nikolay Kononov: The Prism of Postmemory
Authors: Razuvalova Anna
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the prose of the Russian writers Sergey Lebedev and Nikolay V. Kononov, who address state terror and violence. The aforementioned authors take into account the experience of the post-Holocaust European culture of remembrance, which is constituted by the figure of the victim and tends to interpret the tragic events of the Soviet past using the concepts and theoretical frameworks of memory and trauma studies. In this article, Lebedev’s and Kononov’s prose is seen as an integral part of the Russian liberal-oriented memory project, which is based on late-Soviet dissident culture, the perestroika “culture of repentance,” and Western cultural models of “working through the past.” In rediscovering the topic of Stalinist terror, Lebedev and Kononov reassert its ideological and moral significance and attempt to place it on the current public agenda. Both writers proceed from the need to redress injustices against the victims of state violence, whose suffering was long silenced in the USSR. They work with documents, personal testimonies, and family history to tell stories of victims missing from the historical record and thus undermine the dominance of the state-supported heroic narrative. Such an approach brings Lebedev and Kononov closer to the tradition of Soviet camp prose, but this was prose of testimony, created by survivors of camps: the modern novelists have no such experience and rely on their imagination, documents, and previous representations of Stalinist terror. They consider the historical experience of state terror and the figure of the victim from the perspective of postmemory (M. Hirsch), which prompts them to postulate the existence of so-called “inherited trauma” and explore its social and emotional consequences in the lives of different generations. Thus, they observe the “post-existence of the GULAG” and paradoxical interactions between victims and perpetrators through the prism of “inherited” trauma and memory.
The Mining Administration of the Urals in the Post-Petrine Era: New Data
Authors: Safronova Alevtina
Published: January 2022

The history of Ural districts, with their constituent slobodas inhabited by thousands of peasants assigned to factories, and the study of the heads of such districts are an important topic. Without a special focus on these issues, it is impossible to reveal the peculiarities of territorial and economic management in the mining territories. The document in question in this article, which has never been examined before, was compiled by the Chancellery of the Main Directorate of the Siberian and Kazan Plants at the request of the imperial authorities, which were interested in obtaining data on district managers, their tenure, their subsequent appointments, and their successors. Based on this programme, a register was compiled reflecting the history of the districts and the bureaucracy that ruled them from 1724 to 1739. The register also reflects the composition of the heads of the Yekaterinburg office of judicial and zemstvo affairs, the Perm zemstvo office, and factory bodies, which had their own subordinate territories that were not part of the districts. The register testifies to a frequent change of district heads and their recall to manage factory and mining affairs. It also reflects their varied social composition: noblemen, peasant sotniks and clerks, military servicemen, and exiles. The document is a valuable source of information that will lay the foundations for further research on the life of Ural bureaucracy.
France’s First University Course in Russian History
Authors: Lavrov Aleksander
Published: January 2022

Rodolphe Baudin and Wladimir Berelowitch have published a new source on the history of Russia in the eighteenth century, a course taught by Christophe Guillaume Koch at the University of Strasbourg between the 1770s and 1780s. Since there were Russians among Koch’s students, this course is an example of cultural interaction: young Russians, who had a certain amount of knowledge about their country, were confronted with what their professor, who was well aware of the latest French and German publications on Russian history, told them about this topic. It is all the more important and interesting to draw attention to this publication, since lecture notes from Koch’s courses made by his Russian students and manuscripts of his works will undoubtedly be found in Russian archives and libraries.
Citizens’ social media adoption in Paraguay
Authors: Homburg Vincent , Moody Rebecca
Published: January 2022

Abstract This article aims to identify factors associated with the use of social media by Paraguayan citizens in their relationship with the government. We gathered data using a vignette survey, which recorded the responses to four public service problems and collected scores on perceived effectiveness, capability, social influence, trust in government, trust in social media infrastructure, and social media anxiety. Multivariate analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures were found to be significantly correlated with citizens’ use of such media to report public service issues. On the other hand, capability, trust in government, and social media anxiety were not found to be associated with citizens’ social media use. The results urge further theorization to disentangle how perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures affect digital citizen engagement and participation and under what conditions proprietary social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter contribute to a vibrant democracy.
Horismenus camobiensis (Hym.: Eulophidae), a new hyperparasitoid of Cotesia invirae (Hym.: Braconidae) in Opsiphanes invirae (Lep.: Nymphalidae) pupae
Authors: Salgado-Neto G. , Costa V. A. , Hansson C. , Castro B. M. C. , Zanuncio J. C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Horismenus camobiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is described based on morphological, molecular and ecological data; this new species of chalcid wasp acts as hyperparasitoid of Opsiphanis invirae (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in its parasitoid Cotesia invirae Salgado-Neto and Whitfield, 2019 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Diagnoses with morphological and molecular characters and illustrations are provided.
Trophic ecology of Acestrorhynchus falcirostris Cuvier, 1819 in island lakes on the lower stretch of the Solimões River, Amazon Basin
Authors: Lubich C. , Aguiar-Santos J. , Corrêa F. , Freitas C. E. C. , Siqueira-Souza F. K.
Published: January 2022

Abstract The aim objective of this study was to determine the trophic ecology of juvenile and adult Acestrorhynchus falcirostris during the rising and flood (high-water) period in six island lakes adjacent to the Solimões River. As such, we investigated: i) the trophic position, through the fractional trophic niche; ii) the niche breadth; iii) niche overlap and iv) the food strategy of the species. The specimens were collected during the years 2014 to 2017, using gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 30 to 120mm between opposite knots. Through the analysis of stomach contents, the preference in the consumption of items of animal origin was observed. Juveniles consumed insects in greater proportions (IAi% = 50%), while adults consumed fish (IAi%=99,98%). Despite the large supply of food items available in the high-water period, juveniles were the only ones to consume items of allochthonous origin, such as insects. Juveniles presented a different dietary strategy and dietary composition to adults. Juveniles were omnivores with a generalist strategy, while adults were piscivores with a specialist strategy. Thus, the food composition, niche breadth, trophic position and feeding strategy of Acestrorhynchus falcirostris change due to the stage of development.
Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Authors: Anwer S. S. , Sdiq K. H. , Muhammad K. R. , Aladdin L. M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract The total phenolic compound and fatty acid profiles of lipids from microalgae are unique. The present study was designed to investigate aqueous, ethanolic and acetone extracts of several algae (Spirogyra sp., Spirulina sp.,Chlorella sp and Chara sp.) for their antioxidant capacities of the crude extracts and fractions by radical scavenging activity against the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH as well; total phenolic content. The results showed that Spirulina sp. indicated significantly higher total phenolic compound and antioxidant activities compared to the other species (P < 0.05) and acetone extracts showed higher quantity among three extracts. The fatty acids analysis using High performance liquid chromatography –HPLC showed the presence of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, palmitic acid showed high quantity than other fatty acid classes in all studied algae. This study concluded that high antioxidant capacity of microalgae could be inspected for different industrial applications.
Incerteza das Provisões de Sinistros a partir da Análise das Demonstrações Contábeis
Authors: Cazzari Roberto Bomgiovani , Moreira Guilherme R. Fernandes
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: considering the current level of transparency in the financial statements of Brazilian insurers, this study sought to assess whether it was possible to estimate the sufficiency of the claims reserves estimated by it. As they are liabilities with an uncertain term or amount, the estimates of these reserves may be underestimated (compromising the insurers) or overestimated (burdening the shareholders), which justifies the research question. Methods: after analyzing the financial statements of 31 insurance companies in Brazil, it was noted that the criteria for disclosing claims development varied substantially. Thus, five insurers were selected that adopted similar procedures and allowed the application of the bootstrapping model to estimate the sufficiency level of the provisions. Results: the application of the model revealed that there are indications that insurers can make use of earnings management through the estimations of the claims reserves, spreading the burden of claims insufficiency risk differently between policyholders and shareholders. Conclusion: there are differences in the relative amount of claims recognized by the insurers, showing a possible earnings management practice being applied through the claims measurement.
Surety Bond in Infrastructure in Brazil: Transaction Costs and Agency Theory Perspectives
Authors: Marques Tulio Henrique Moreira , Ogasavara Mario Henrique , Turolla Frederico Araujo
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Context: infrastructure projects assume the use of intensive capital and the participation of several actors, where the institutional environment influences their respective contractual arrangements. A financial instrument for project governance is surety bond (SB), whose purpose is to ensure compliance with the contracted object. However, research involving SB in the context of emerging countries such as Brazil is still incipient. Objective: this study aims to understand the use of SB in Brazil and proposes a conceptual model for analyzing transactions. It contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship between the actors and transactions involved in SB using the transaction costs theory and agency theory perspectives. Methods: this study adopts a qualitative methodology using primary data collected with 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews with market professionals with substantial experience in SB. In addition, it uses secondary data based on debate and a specific lecture on the topic involving the reality and the use of SB. Results: the findings indicate that the agency problem and the high transaction costs in Brazil prevent the development of this risk coverage market, giving rise to targeted public policies. Conclusion: the proposed conceptual model reflects the various specific transactions in the use of SB, the underlying phenomena and the validation of propositions related to market failures, and the institutional environment’s influence.
Evaluating the serum levels of natural killer cells and its activating receptors in patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Kamal Dalia , Sayed Sohir , thabet Marwa , Autify Yossra , Abbas Ahmed M , Farghaly Tarek
Published: January 2022

Natural killer cells (NK) play an importantrole causing implantation and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue inpatients with endometriosis. The study aims to assess the effect of endometriosison the frequency of NK cells, its activation and inhibition in the peripheral bloodof endometriotic patients.Methods:Sixty four patients are divided into twogroups: 31 healthy controls and 33 endometriosis patients divided into twosubgroups: Group (A) mild stage endometriosis and group (B) moderate and severestage endometriosis. NK cells were identified by monoclonal antibodies surfacestaining for (CD56, CD16), natural cytotoxicity receptor Nkp46, inhibitoryreceptor CD159a, perforin and granzyme using flow cytometry.  Results: There was a statistical significant increase inthe total percent of NK CD56+ in endometriosis group compared to healthy group (p=0.027). There was statisticalsignificant decrease in percentage of NKp46 in endometriosis group compared to thehealthy group (p<0.0001).  No significant difference between differentstages of the disease & control cases in CD159a, perforin and granzyme I. There was negativeCorrelation between Total NK percent and Nkp46 activity.Conclusions:there is a significantincrease in NK cells and decrease in NKp46 in endometriosis patients. Whileno difference in CD159, perforin and granzyme between patients and normal women
La integración de dispositivos móviles en el aula para la enseñanza del álgebra: el caso de la función lineal
Authors: Ballesteros-Ballesteros Vladimir , López Torres Carlos Alberto , Torres Rodríguez Marcela Raquel , Lozano-Forero Sébastien
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Describir los efectos y las experiencias de la incorporación de la aplicación “Calculadora Gráfica” de GeoGebra para el aprendizaje de la función lineal con estudiantes de undécimo grado a partir de la integración de dispositivos móviles al aula de clase. Método: Desde el paradigma pragmático, se empleó un diseño explicativo secuencial para orientar los esfuerzos investigativos conducentes a validar la hipótesis relacionada con una influencia positiva del aprovechamiento de teléfonos inteligentes y tabletas en el desempeño escolar. En la etapa cuantitativa se realizó un diseño experimental de cuatro grupos de Solomon y durante la etapa cualitativa se empleó un test actitudinal y se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con estudiantes que participaron del tratamiento con la aplicación móvil. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos en el postest por los grupos experimentales fueron superiores a los obtenidos por los grupos control que recibieron una intervención mediada por recursos didácticos tradicionales y los estudiantes que recibieron el tratamiento manifestaron mayor interés y motivación por el aprendizaje del tema abordado. Discusión y Conclusiones: La integración de dispositivos móviles en el aula promueve otras formas innovadoras de aprender y desarrolla habilidades en los estudiantes, favoreciendo su motivación e interés.
"I will take my flip-flops, put them on and walk to church": Understanding quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in a rural setting
Authors: Savage Annika , Rencken Gina , Gurayah Thavanesi
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a chronic, debilitating condition affecting most spheres of a person's life. This study aimed to explore the perceived factors impacting the quality of life (QOL) of a selected group of children with CP living in the rural Umzinyathi district of KZN, South Africa METHODOLOGY: The study had a qualitative, phenomenological design with purposeful sampling to recruit children with CP and their parents. Ten individual interviews were conducted, two with children with CP and eight with parent-proxies. One focus group was also conducted with the parent-proxies. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data FINDINGS: Three themes emerged from the data: Physical wellbeing, Activity participation, and Family and community. These themes encompassed the lived experiences of the children with CP, as well as the perceived factors that impacted on their QOL. Each theme was further broken down into subthemes, with a total of fourteen subthemes CONCLUSION: QOL in rural areas is a complex and multi-faceted construct. Understanding the factors that impacted the children's QOL, will enable occupational therapists to offer client-centred meaningful interventions. When aiming to improve the QOL of children with CP in rural areas, awareness campaigns, anti-stigma messages and support for caregivers are vital Keywords: quality of life, cerebral palsy, rural occupational therapy, client centred intervention, caregiver support.
Cómo mueren las democracias, de Steven Levitsky y Daniel Ziblatt (2018), Ariel, 336 pp.
Authors: Brower Beltramin Jorge
Published: January 2022

Levitsky y Ziblatt ponen el foco de atención en las nuevas formas de destrucción de la democracia. En el libro que nos ocupa, se ilustran de manera abundante y significativa estas nuevas formas que fracturan y debilitan a estos sistemas de gobierno.
Veus del passat
Authors: Soronellas Masdeu Montserrat
Published: January 2022

Miralles i Monserrat, Joan: Veus del passat. Biblioteca Càtedra Unesco VI. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2019, 242 p.
Notícies
Authors: Veà Vila Sílvia , Janeček Petr
Published: January 2022

Jornada de la Càtedra Baixeras dedicada a Palmira Jaquetti - 

Perspectives on Contemporary Legend