bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education and Sustainability: The Case of Emotions Park
Authors: Dettori Angela , Caboni Federica , Giudici Ernestina
Published: October 2017

Firms working in the third millennium have to face the challenge of being more sustainable. The complexity and the multidisciplinary nature of sustainability also requires new and specific knowledge. This means the necessity of a critical rethinking of the education system in the way to provide the cognitive tools and applications needed for new generations to address environmental, economic, and social challenges. In this perspective, the role of the school it is crucial, above all, to encourage attention to include sustainability as a theme on educational programs, focusing on the promotion of its multiple dimensions. Interdisciplinary sustainability programs are emerging globally, but little is known about the learning in these educational contexts.Therefore, the current research explores training modules used in the activities of a park to verify how students can receive a sustainable education from primary school; whether and in which way education can be a driver for the promotion of sustainable development; and whether it is effective to insert eco-activities such as eco-games, eco-campus, and eco-sports in the training modules from primary school onwards. For this purpose, the paper employed a single case study approach using the Emotions Park as a teaching plan. In particular, game and sports constantly accompany the training process by creating interdisciplinary links with different study subjects (e.g., civic education, environmental education, communication). Through the eco-activities, an innovative way to promote environmental and sustainability education was explored as a training model. Outdoor play, observation, and stimulation of the senses have proved powerful learning tools, and key to the acquisition of skills. Research data were collected observing the behavior of a sample of 22 participants and through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with educators, employee and students. The empirical observation suggests that inserting the sustainability principles as a topic in didactic programs provides the cognitive tools and applications needed for the new generations to address environmental, economic, and social challenges.
УЛААНБААТАР ХОТЫН ӨНГӨН ХӨРСӨН ДЭХ ХҮНД ЭЛЕМЕНТҮҮДИЙН ХӨДӨЛГӨӨНТ ХЭЛБЭРИЙН АГУУЛГЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Ц Бямбасүрэн , Б Хүүхэнхүү , В Шабанова Е , Е Васильева И , Б Энхзул
Published: October 2017

Энэ ажилд Улаанбаатар хотын өнгөн хөрсөн дэх зарим хүнд металлуудын хөдөлгөөнт агуулгын судалгааны дүнгээс үзүүллээ. Zn, Cd, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr ба Cu-ийн Улаанбаатар хотын өнгөн хөрсөнд орших хүчилд уусах агуулга ба биологийн идэвхт хөдөлгөөнт агуулгуудыг атомын шингээлтийн спектроскопийн дөлөн атомчлал, индукцийн холбоост атомын цацааргалтын спектроскопийн аргуудаар тус тус тодорхойлсон болно. Улаанбаатар хотын өнгөн хөрсөн дэх Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr ба Cu-ийн тархалтыг энгийн статистик аргаар тогтоож, эдгээр элементүүдийн өнгөн хөрсөнд хуримтлагдах механизм ба хөдлөлзүйд орох процессыг олон хэмжээст статистикийн регрессийн аргаар судлав. Улаанбаатар хотын өнгөн хөрсөн дэх Mn, Co-ын хүчилд уусах агуулгын тархалт жигд, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr ба Cu-ийн хүчилд уусах агуулга ба бүх хүнд элементүүдийн биологийн идэвхт хөдөлгөөнт агуулгын тархалт жигд бус байлаа. Улаанбаатар хотын өнгөн хөрсөнд Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn-ын литоген фракц нь антропоген фракцаас их байхад Pb ба Co-ын антропоген фракц ихээр илэрсэн байна. Хүнд элементүүдийн ацетатын буферт хандлагдах биологийн идэвхт хөдөлгөөнт агуулгын нийт агуулгад эзлэх хувь Cu (1.52) < Cr (1.74) < Ni (2.31) < Pb (2.76) < Co (4.30) < Zn (5.70) < Mn (14.03) < Cd (49.4) гэсэн өсөх эрэмбийг үзүүлсэн нь Улаанбаатар хот орчмын суурь хөрсөн дэх хүнд элементүүдийн хөдлөлзүйн фактораас өндөр, харин ОХУ-ын стандартаас Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn-ын хөдөлзүйн фактор бага, Pb, Cd-ын хөдөлзүйн фактор их илэрлээ. Хүнд элементүүдийн өнгөн хөрсөнд хуримтлагдах механизм ба хөдлөлзүйд орох процесс нь элемент тус бүрийн хувьд өөр хамаарлыг үзүүлсэн. Энэ нь Улаанбаатар хотын орчны бохирдол олон эх үүсвэрээс үүдэлтэй ба хүний сөрөг үйл ажиллагааны улмаас өнгөн хөрсний шинж чанарт маш ихих өөрчлөлт орсныг харуулж байна.
CaAlSiN3:xEu2+- ИЙГ ГАРГАН АВАХ БОЛОН ТҮҮНИЙ ГЭРЛИЙН ЦАЦАРГАЛТЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Н Төвжаргал , Б Алтантулга , н Цогхүү , О Төгс , Ж Даваасамбуу
Published: October 2017

Бид энэхүү ажлаар CaAlSiN3:xEu2+ хайлшийг Са, Si, AlN болон EuB6 нунтаг дээжүүдээс хатуу төлөвийн урвалын аргаар Eu-ийн янз бүрийн концентрацтай гарган авах хялбар аргыг туршиж үзэв. Рентген дифракцын хэмжилтийн дүнгээс үзэхэд энэ арга үр дүнтэй болох нь харагдаж байна. Энэ материалыг цагаан гэрлийн улаан фосфорт ашиглах боломжтой бөгөөд хамгийн тохиромжтой найрлагыг сонгох зорилгоор гарган авсан CaAlSiN3:xEu2+ (x=0,02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) дээжүүдийг цэнхэр гэрлээр өдөөгөөд түүний гэрлийн цацаргалтыг хэмжиж x=0.04 тохиолдолд λ=671 нм-т хамгийн өндөр эрчимтэй улаан гэрэл цацаргаж байгааг тогтоов.
ЗАВХАН АЙМГИЙН ХАДЛАН БЭЛЧЭЭРИЙН АСУУДАЛД
Authors: Н Нарантуяа
Published: October 2017

Энэхүү өгүүлэлд монгол орны хадлан бэлчээрийн сүүлийн 30 гаруй жилийн судалгааны болон Завхан аймагт 2014-2017 онуудад хийгдсэн судалгааны үр дүнг нэгтгэн боловсруулав. Завхан аймгийн хадлан бэлчээрийн үнэлгээний дүнгээс харахад Завхан аймгийн хадлан бэлчээрийн нийт талбай 7850.3 мянган га, 55975.15 мянган центр ургацын нөөцтэй, ургамал бүлгэмдэл 6.5-7.7 ц/га ургацтай байна. Завхан аймгийн хадлан бэлчээр нь биологи-экологийн чанарын үнэлгээгээр IY, Y, YI бүлэгт хамрагдаж байна. Зуны дээд ургацаар бодоход тэжээлийн өндөр ургацтай чанарын I бүлэгт голын сав, нуурын хөвөөний, нуга, нуга-намгийн бэлчээрийн эдэлбэр хамрагдах бөгөөд харьцангуй өндөр ургацтай чанарын III бүлэгт татмын нуга, нуга-намгийн тэжээлийн эдэлбэр орно.
БҮГД НАЙРАМДАХ ТУРК УЛС ДАХЬ ШИНЖЛЭХ УХААН, ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН ПАРКийн ҮҮСЭЛ ХӨГЖИЛ
Authors: Ч Цэрэннадмид
Published: October 2017

Даяаршиж буй дэлхий ертөнцөд компани, аж ахуйн нэгжүүдийн өрсөлдөх чадварыг нэмэгдүүлэхийн тулд шаардлагатай мэдлэг, мэдээлэл хийгээд материаллаг боломж нэг дор байх нь чухал бөгөөд ингэснээр шинээр гарах бүтээгдэхүүн үйлчилгээний эдийн засгийн үр ашиг, өртөг нь тодорхой болж, эдийн засгийн хөгжилд хувь нэмэр оруулах боломж бүрдэх юм. Тиймээс мэдлэг, мэдээллийг бий болгож буй их дээд сургууль, судалгааны байгууллагууд нь зөвхөн шинжлэх ухаанч мэдлэг мэдээллийг бий болгоод зогсохгүй, эдгээрийг амьдрал дээр туршин, үр өгөөжийг нь судлах туршилтын дүнд суурилан тухайн бүтээл, шинэ санааг улам сайжруулан баяжуулах замаар ажиллах зарчмыг баримтлах болжээ. Их дээд сургууль, судалгааны хүрээлэнд хийгдэж буй шинжлэх ухааны мэдлэг, мэдээллийг аж үйлдвэр, лабораторид туршсанаар үйлдвэрлэлд нэвтрэх боломж нэмэгдэж улмаар зах зээлийн үр ашгаа өгч эхэлж байна. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Бүгд Найрамдах Турк улсад шинжлэх ухаан, технологийн парк хэрхэн үүсч, хөгжин эрчимтэй хөгжиж, зөвхөн улс орны хэмжээнд бус бүс нутгийн хэмжээнд чухал ач холбогдолтой шинжлэх ухаан, технологийн шинэ санаа, үйлдвэрлэлийн бүс болж чадсаныг харуулахыг зорилоо.
Ei endra medborgaroppseding?
Authors: Børhaug Kjetil
Published: October 2017

I norsk samanheng har prioriteringa av den demokratiske medborgaropp-sedinga i skulen gradvis blitt sterkare. I 2015 kom Ludvigsenutvalet med sin sluttrapport, Fremtidens skole (NOU, 2015: 8), og året etter Melding til Stortinget 28, Fag – Fordypning – Forståelse (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2016). Begge signaliserer at demokrati og medborgarskap skal vera eit prioritert, tverrfagleg område. Desse endringsforslaga reiser spørsmålet om kva for demokratisk oppseding vi i norsk skule er på veg mot. Demokratisk danning er ikkje ein eintydig storleik. Demokratisk deltaking vil ta ulike former i ulike institusjonelle kontekstar, og det er derfor eit viktig spørsmål kva arenaer for deltaking medborgaroppsedinga skal peika på. Viktige spørsmål er også om deltakinga skal vera kritisk orientert, eller om den skal avgrensa seg til effektiv problemløysing innanfor kjende rammer. Er deltaking forstått som individuell åtferd eller krev det sosiale og politiske rørsler? Denne artikkelen vil, med utgangspunkt i ein statsvitskapleg tradisjon, gjera greie for slike ulike forståingar av kva for deltaking som er mogeleg kor, og drøfta endringsforslaga i denne samanhengen. Artikkelen konkluderer med at endringsforslaga peikar i retning av ei avpolitisert og individualisert politisk oppseding.Nøkkelord: politisk sosialisering, demokratipolitikk, samfunnsfagdidaktikk, medborgaroppseding A changed citizenship education?AbstractDemocratic citizenship education has become an even more important policy objective for Norwegian compulsory education. A recent expert commission (NOU, 2015: 8) and a governmental white paper (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2016) discuss how democratic citizenship education can be strengthened. Do these proposals represent a change in Norwegian democratic citizenship education? Of particular importance is what kind of democracy the proposals favour. What participatory arrangements and institutions should students be introduced to? Will a critical perspective be encouraged? Is participation something invididual or is it a collective? This article discusses the proposals in relation to these questions and concludes that Norway seems to be headed towards an individualised, de-politicised citizenship education.Keywords: political socialisation, democratic governance, social studies didactics, citizenship education
Mangfoldets utfordringer og muligheter sett gjennom religionsdidaktisk forskning. Et nordisk overblikk
Authors: Skeie Geir
Published: October 2017

Artikkelen gir et overblikk over hvordan nyere nordisk religionsdidaktisk forskning har nærmet seg spørsmål om mangfoldets utfordringer og muligheter. Overblikket baseres på analyse av doktoravhandlinger, noen forskningsprosjekter og en del artikler. Det spørres om hvordan forskningen beskriver religions- og livssynsmangfoldet, hvilke religionsdidaktiske utfordringer den mener mangfoldet reiser og hvilke strategier lærerne kan ta i bruk i arbeid med faget i klasserommet? Analysen viser at forskningen er omfattende og økende, men omfanget varierer mellom de nordiske landene. Den aktuelle forskningen bidrar i betydelig grad til å forstå og problematisere religionsundervisningens plass og rolle i et samfunn som preges av økt religions- og livssynsmangfold, og til å forstå at forskningsfeltet er blitt til i et samspill mellom ulike akademiske disipliner, og dessuten mellom politikk, forskning og praksis. Resultatene fra forskningen bidrar først og fremst til å belyse mangfoldets omfang og kompleksitet, samt at det i varierende grad fanges opp av læreplaner og undervisning. Det er mindre av forskning som belyser lærerarbeidet, læreprosesser og resultater av undervisningen. Forskningen viser også at religions- og livssynsmangfold må ses som en viktig del av forutsetningene for undervisning og læring i alle fag, og i religions- og livssynsfagene er den i dag en selvsagt forutsetning, uavhengig av hvordan disse er organisert i de ulike landene.Nøkkelord: mangfold, flerkultur, religionsundervisning, forskning, How does recent Nordic religious education research address the challenges and possibilities of religious and world view diversity?AbstractThe article gives an overview of how recent Nordic religious education research has approached issues related to the challenges and possibilities that religious and worldview diversity pose to education. The emphasis is on PhDs, a few research projects and articles. How does the research describe diversity, which challenges are pointed out and what strategies can teachers in the classroom employ. The analysis shows that there is a growing  research mainly in Norway, Sweden and Finland, compared with Denmark and Iceland. The research investigated contributes mainly to new knowledge about the distribution and complexity of diversity in classrooms and to some extent to increased knowledge about how the diversity is dealt with in classrooms and curricula. It is also shown that this diversity is a challenge to the whole school, not only religious education. Less research is directed towards issues of teaching and learning and the effects of this.Keywords: diversity, intercultural, religious education, research
Educação familiar em linguagem infantil: contribuições do grupo focal
Authors: Ferreira-Donati Grace Cristina , Deliberato Débora
Published: October 2017

Na área das Ciências Humanas, o Grupo Focal vem sendo utilizado como método para identificar percepções de diferentes grupos sociais, nas mais diversas temáticas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar as contribuições do grupo focal utilizado com mães de crianças com atrasos globais do desenvolvimento, em uma pesquisa que visou elaborar e adequar fascículos de orientação familiar em linguagem. O grupo focal foi constituído por quatro mães, a pesquisadora, que assumiu o papel de moderadora e uma observadora, responsável, principalmente, por fazer o registro de comportamentos não verbais das participantes. No primeiro encontro foram dadas orientações quanto: ao objetivo das reuniões; o compromisso com a emissão de opiniões a respeito das características de formato e conteúdo dos fascículos; e quanto às funções da observadora e da moderadora. Foram realizadas oito reuniões presenciais, quinzenalmente, ao longo de quatro meses. Os relatos verbais das constituintes do grupo foram registrados por meio de gravações de áudio, transcritos e organizados para posterior análise. O grupo focal se mostrou como procedimento adequado para envolver os pais num exercício reflexivo a respeito do desenvolvimento da comunicação e para definir os conteúdos e o formato de orientações escritas para a população-alvo. Os resultados indicaram que a elaboração dos fascículos, em parceria com as famílias, oportunizou aos pais ampliar a participação no desenvolvimento da linguagem de seus filhos. Além disso, restou evidenciado que a interação entre os participantes, nos moldes de um grupo focal, configurou-se em fator desencadeador para a identificação de aspectos comuns no plano intersubjetivo.
Revisitando a Acessibilidade a partir do Modelo Social da Deficiência: Experiências na Educação Superior
Authors: Silva Jackeline Susann Souza da
Published: October 2017

No começo deste século, a acessibilidade tornou-se uma determinação legislativa que visa eliminar barreiras nos diferentes espaços sociais para pessoas com deficiência e mobilidade reduzida. Na educação superior, a acessibilidade é condição fundamental para que o/a estudante com deficiência ingresse, permaneça e participe das atividades acadêmicas. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a acessibilidade na experiência de estudantes com deficiência da educação superior. Para tanto, utilizamos a metodologia de Estudos de Caso com a técnica shadowing, a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada para investigar a unidade de estudo: experiência de acessibilidade de seis estudantes com deficiência, três mulheres e três homens. Os principais achados de pesquisa indicam que a acessibilidade ainda não é aplicada como um direito, mas como assistência individual e, justamente por isso, prevalece na educação superior a adaptação do/a estudante com deficiência sem modificação da estrutura institucional. Isto é consequente da visão médico-patológica sobre estes/as estudantes, que não são percebidos/as como sujeitos de direitos.
Risk Factors of and Treatments for Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Occurring after Oropharynx and Hypopharynx Reconstruction
Authors: Do Su Bin , Chung Chul Hoon , Chang Yong Joon , Kim Byeong Jun , Rho Young Soo
Published: October 2017

Background A pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common and difficult-to-manage complication after head and neck reconstruction. It can lead to serious complications such as flap failure, carotid artery rupture, and pharyngeal stricture, and may require additional surgery. Previous radiotherapy, a low serum albumin level, and a higher T stage have been proposed as contributing factors. We aimed to clarify the risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula in patients who underwent flap reconstruction and to describe our experiences in treating pharyngocutaneous fistula.

Methods Squamous cell carcinoma cases that underwent flap reconstruction after cancer resection from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. We investigated several significant clinical risk factors. The treatment modality was selected according to the size of the fistula and the state of the surrounding tissue, with options including conservative management, direct closure, flap surgery, and pharyngostoma formation.

Results A total of 127 cases (18 with fistulae) were analyzed. A higher T stage (P=0.048) and tube-type reconstruction (P=0.007) increased fistula incidence; other factors did not show statistical significance (P>0.05). Two cases were treated with conservative management, 1 case with direct closure, 4 cases with immediate reconstruction using a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap, and 11 cases with direct closure (4 cases) or additional flap surgery (7 cases) after pharyngostoma formation.

Conclusions Pharyngocutaneous fistula requires global management from prevention to treatment. In cases of advanced-stage cancer and tube-type reconstruction, a more cautious approach should be employed. Once it occurs, an accurate diagnosis of the fistula and a thorough assessment of the surrounding tissue are necessary, and aggressive treatment should be implemented in order to ensure satisfactory long-term results.
Intertextual Episodes in Lectures: A Classiﬁcation from the Perspective of Incidental Learning from Reading
Authors: Shaw Philip , Irvine Aileen , Malmström Hans , Pecorari Diane
Published: October 2017

In a parallel language environment it is important that teaching takes account of both the languages students are expected to work in. Lectures in the mother tongue need to offer access to textbooks in English and encouragement to read. This paper describes a preliminary study for an investigation of the extent to which they actually do so. A corpus of lectures in English for mainly L1 English students (from BASE and MICASE)  was examined for the types of reference to reading which occur, classiﬁed by their potential usefulness for access and encouragement. Such references were called ‘intertextual episodes’. Seven preliminary categories of intertextual episode were identiﬁed.  In some disciplines the text is the topic of the lecture rather than a medium for information on the topic, and this category was not pursued further. In the remaining six the text was a medium for information about the topic. Three of them involved management, of texts by the lecturer her/himself, of student writing, or of student reading. The remaining three involved reference to the content of the text either introducing it to students, reporting its content, or, really the most interesting category, relativizing it and thus potentially encouraging critical reading. Straightforward reporting that certain content was in the text at a certain point was the most common type, followed by management of student reading. Relativization was relatively infrequent. The exercise has provided us with categories which can be used for an experimental phase where the effect of different types of reference can be tested, and for observation of the references actually used in L1 lectures in a parallel-language environment.
A Qualitative Approach to Educational Research: Language Courses in English Studies
Authors: Arnó-Macià Elisabet
Published: October 2017

This paper reports on a qualitative study focusing on the role of language awareness in university language courses that form part of English Studies (ES). Language constitutes the subject matter of students’ discipline and the ES degree is the initial training for future language teachers and other language-related professionals. Therefore, the models and views of language presented at university will inﬂuence graduates’ future professional practice. This study focuses on how language awareness is approached in language classes and on lecturers’ and students’ views of language and learning. This article will discuss how a qualitative methodology was used to ﬁnd out about participants’ practices and views on language and learning, through immersion in a university language course over a term. Using a descriptive-interpretive paradigm, data were gathered from classroom observations and interviews, and analysed through the combination of ethnography and discourse analysis. This paper presents the methodological underpinnings of this research, decisions on the selection of data, interaction with participants, researcher’s stance, and warranting. Through the understanding of participants’ practices and views, this study provides a picture of how language awareness is approached in a university language course.
Une idéologie incarnée. Les marques identitaires et le discours marketing les sous-tendant
Authors: Coutant Alexandre
Published: October 2017

Marketers as advertising executives have long been concerned by brand equity. Nevertheless, classical economic theory used to undervalue its importance in the marketplace, as brand could hardly ﬁt the positivist epistemology it was relying on. Recent research arguing for a more comprehensive approach of consumption gave a new credibility to brands. Thus, the value of some of their intangible dimensions have been admitted enough to justify new kinds of communication strategies which are relying on brands’ identity strength. These socalled “identity brands” are supposed to operate as models for consumers. This paper is dealing with the theoretical justiﬁcation of this strategy and the assumed reasons why consumers should have a taste for these kinds of brands.
The Muslim Veil in France: Between Power and Silence, between Visibility and Invisibility
Authors: Wagner Anne
Published: October 2017

This paper will explore the contingency and ﬂuidity of religious freedom in France and stress the existence of overlapping, competing and coexisting legal discourses in terms of national security and public order. In response to the Muslim veil, changing power structures, changing societal norms and new faces of injustice, established doctrines are reconsidered, reformulated and partly replaced by competing doctrines and hypotheses. Given the relative indeterminacy of law on the concept of secularism and French neutrality, it is no surprise that the problem of interpretation has always been one of the focal points of attention for legal practice and drafting.
User Consultation Behaviour in Internet Dictionaries: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Simonsen Henrik Køhler
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss user consultation behaviour on the basis of eye-tracking data and interview data. To date the focus has been almost exclusively on the use of log ﬁles in Internet lexicography – an approach which is questioned in this article. The paper is based on empirical data from an exploratory eye-tracking study of the user consultation behaviour of six participants and on interview data from a follow-up post-study interview of the participants. The paper elucidates and discusses the consultation behaviour in Internet lexicography and shows not only at what the participants looked, but also how they accessed lexicographic data. The paper presents a suitable method for using eye-tracking studies in Internet lexicography and advocates an increased use of this method to produce empirical data upon which additional theoretical considerations on the information and data access process can be developed. Finally, the implications for further research in user consultation behaviour are brieﬂy explored.
The Gulf of Tehuantepec and adjacent areas: spatial and temporal variation of satellite-derived photosynthetic pigments
Authors: Lluch-Cota SE , Álvarez-Borrego S , Santamaría-Ángel E , Müller-Karger F , Hernández-Vázquez S
Published: October 2017

Photosynthetic pigment concentrations retrieved from data generated from 1978 to 1986 by the sensor Coastal Zane Color Scanner were used to describe the seasonal and interannual variation of phytoplankton biomass of the Gulf of Tehuantepec and adjacent areas. The pigment concentrations 0.3 mg m–3 and higher were considered as an index of productive waters. Its spatial coverage shows coastal upwelling in the gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo (in the eastern region of the study area) between October and April. upwelling at the Costa Rica dome during summer. and the transient effect of mixing by tropical storms from July to October throughout the study area. Upwelling events in Tehuantepec and Central America are not synchronous. The region west of the Gulf of Tehuantepec is oligotrophic most of the time (less than 0.2 mg m–3). The most evident interannual variation was the effect of El Niño 1982–1983, with very low pigment concentrations associated with a deep thermocline in the whole study area. Also, there was an anti-El Niño event in 1985 in the eastern region, with high phytoplankton biomass concentrations associated with a shallow thermocline
Mixing in the region of the midrift islands of the Gulf of California: effect on surface pCO2
Authors: Hidalgo-González R , Álvarez-Borrego S , Zirino A
Published: October 2017

Surface seawater carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and the CO2 flux through the air-sea interface in the region of the midrift islands of the Gulf of California were estimated. We used surface temperature (ºC), salinity and pH data collected during summer 1990, and we assumed a constant specific alkalinity value. Mixing by tide-related phenomena is particularly strong in this region of the gulf, and our objective was to compare the effect of post-spring tides with that of post-neap tides. Carbon dioxide was either near equilibrium or flowing from the water to the atmosphere, even with post-neap tides. Surface cooling, and larger pCO2 and CO2 flux were detected with post-spring tides. relative to post-neap tides (<4 mM m–2 d–1 with post-neap tides. up to 23 mM m–2 d–1 with post-spring tides). There is a fortnightly modulation of the CO2 system in the surface waters of this region due to the spring-neap tide sequence. Tidal mixing is a “physical pump” that carries CO2 efficiently from intermediate depths (500 m) to the atmosphere in this region of the gulf.
Evolving Mantle Sources in Postcollisional Early Permian‐Triassic Magmatic Rocks in the Heart of Tianshan Orogen (Western China)
Authors: Tang Gong‐Jian , Cawood Peter A. , Wyman Derek A. , Wang Qiang , Zhao Zhen‐Hua
Published: October 2017

Magmatism postdating the initiation of continental collision provides insight into the late stage evolution of orogenic belts including the composition of the contemporaneous underlying subcontinental mantle. The Awulale Mountains, in the heart of the Tianshan Orogen, display three types of postcollisional mafic magmatic rocks. (1) A medium to high K calc‐alkaline mafic volcanic suite (∼280 Ma), which display low La/Yb ratios (2.2–11.8) and a wide range of ɛNd(t) values from +1.9 to +7.4. This suite of rocks was derived from melting of depleted metasomatized asthenospheric mantle followed by upper crustal contamination. (2) Mafic shoshonitic basalts (∼272 Ma), characterized by high La/Yb ratios (14.4–20.5) and more enriched isotope compositions (ɛNd(t) = +0.2 – +0.8). These rocks are considered to have been generated by melting of lithospheric mantle enriched by melts from the Tarim continental crust that was subducted beneath the Tianshan during final collisional suturing. (3) Mafic dikes (∼240 Ma), with geochemical and isotope compositions similiar to the ∼280 Ma basaltic rocks. This succession of postcollision mafic rock types suggests there were two stages of magma generation involving the sampling of different mantle sources. The first stage, which occurred in the early Permian, involved a shift from depleted asthenospheric sources to enriched lithospheric mantle. It was most likely triggered by the subduction of Tarim continental crust and thickening of the Tianshan lithospheric mantle. During the second stage, in the middle Triassic, there was a reversion to more asthenospheric sources, related to postcollision lithospheric thinning.
Slab Breakoff of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean in the Lhasa Terrane Inferred From Contemporaneous Melting of the Mantle and Crust
Authors: Huang Feng , Xu Jifeng , Zeng Yunchuan , Chen Jianlin , Wang Baodi , Yu Hongxia , Chen Ling , Huang Wenlong , Tan Rongyu
Published: October 2017

Oceanic slab breakoff significantly affects the thermal regime of the lithosphere during continental collision. This often triggers extension‐related mafic magmatism and crustal melting. It is generally accepted that the Neo‐Tethyan lithosphere subducted beneath the southern Lhasa Subterrane, resulting in the formation of the Gangdese magmatic arc. However, the timing of slab breakoff is still disputed, due to a lack of evidence for extension‐related mafic magmatism. In this study, we provide comprehensive age, element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data of mafic dikes, felsic intrusions, and enclaves from the Daju area, southern Lhasa Subterrane. The timing of mafic dikes and granitoids are contemporaneous at circa 57 Ma. The mafic dikes are characterized by high Th/U, and Zr/Y ratios, their geochemistry indicates an intraplate affinity rather than arc magmas. Furthermore, the mafic dikes show strongly variable igneous zircon ɛHf(t), and lower whole‐rock ɛNd(t) than granitoids. This evidence suggests that the mafic dikes represent asthenosphere‐derived melts contaminated by various degrees of ancient lithosphere. However, the granitoids were directly derived from the juvenile lower crust. Given the abrupt decrease in the convergence rate between India and Asia, and the surface uplift and sedimentation cessation in the southern Lhasa Subterrane in the early Cenozoic, the occurrence of synchronous mafic dikes and granitoids is best explained by a slab breakoff model. The occurrence of intraplate‐type magmas likely corresponds to the magmatic expression of the initial stage of Neo‐Tethyan slab breakoff. The slab breakoff concept also explains the onset of the magmatic “flare‐up” and crustal growth after 57 Ma.
Friction Reduction Induced by Elliptical Surface Patterns under Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Rosenkranz Andreas , Szurdak Adam , Grützmacher Philipp G. , Hirt Gerhard , Mücklich Frank
Published: October 2017

Recording Stribeck‐like curves is an efficient way to evaluate the frictional performance and efficiency of patterned surfaces. Elliptical patterns with varying area density and structural depth are fabricated by micro‐coining on steel substrates (AISI 304). A ball‐on‐disc tribometer is used to perform unidirectional sliding experiments for the polished reference and the elliptical patterns dependent on the sliding velocity. In this study, a clear connection between structural parameters such as length of long and short axis, aspect ratio, and pitch with the frictional behavior can be found. Comparing patterns with comparable depth and area density underlines that elliptical patterns having larger individual features (increased length of both axes) separated by a larger pitch reduce the COF more significantly. The number of tribologically active individual elliptical structures, recirculation effects of the lubricant, as well as the pattern geometry that may lead to undesired edge effects and stress concentrations need to be taken into consideration to explain those findings. The sample with the smallest structural depth, the smallest area density, and the lowest aspect ratio (A1) leads to the maximum friction reduction (4‐fold) for all velocities which underlines the enormous potential of elliptical structures in terms of friction reduction.
Farmer interest in joint venture structures in the Australian broadacre grains sector
Authors: Lynch Brendan , Llewellyn Rick S. , Umberger Wendy J. , Kragt Marit E.
Published: October 2017

There is a growing productivity gap between leading and average grain farms in Australia, driven by a combination of constraints that limit the adoption of innovations. Such constraints may be overcome by the adoption of organizational innovations, including collaborative structures such as joint venture (JV) arrangements. Given the predominance of the owner‐operator family farm model in the Australian grains sector, organizational innovations have largely been overlooked by the research and extension community. This paper examines business alliance formation in agriculture and farmer perceptions of, interest in, and barriers to participation in JV structures. A telephone survey of 573 Australian grain growers revealed that 3% of farmers had adopted a JV structure and that such farms were significantly more likely to have a larger crop area and be less diversified compared to nonadopters. Another 21% of farmers expressed an interest in adopting a JV structure in the future, particularly to reduce costs and improve productivity. A multinomial logit model showed that such farmers were significantly different for a number of sociodemographic variables including age and education, when compared to farmers not interested in adopting JV structures. To build on this basis of interest and motivation for innovative farm business structures, further understanding of perceived trade‐offs and preferences is needed to identify the most attractive JV designs. [EconLit Citation: Q13].
Presentation matters: Number of attributes presented impacts estimated preferences
Authors: Byrd Elizabeth S. , Widmar Nicole J. Olynk , Gramig Benjamin M.
Published: October 2017

Best–worst scaling is an increasingly employed methodology in which both the number of attributes shown in each choice task and the number of tasks can vary. Researchers face a tradeoff between the number of attributes shown per question and the total number of questions. U.S. residents (n = 818) were randomly assigned to see one of two best–worst presentations of the same six meat attributes (taste, convenience, safety, animal welfare, price, and nutrition). Significant differences were found in the estimated preference shares when respondents were shown two versus three attributes at a time. Both presentations ranked safety as the most important, taste as the second most important, and convenience as the least important meat purchasing attribute. However, the distributions of most of the preference share estimates were statistically different. Differences in preferences share estimates resulting from the presentation of questions has the potential to influence marketing, retailing, and other decisions. [EconLit citations: C83, M31, Q13]
An Antibacterial β‐Lactone Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Disrupting Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Lehmann Johannes , Cheng Tan‐Yun , Aggarwal Anup , Park Annie S. , Zeiler Evelyn , Raju Ravikiran M. , Akopian Tatos , Kandror Olga , Sacchettini James C. , Moody D. Branch , Rubin Eric J. , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: October 2017

The spread of antibiotic resistance is a major challenge for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. In addition, the efficacy of drugs is often limited by the restricted permeability of the mycomembrane. Frontline antibiotics inhibit mycomembrane biosynthesis, leading to rapid cell death. Inspired by this mechanism, we exploited β‐lactones as putative mycolic acid mimics to block serine hydrolases involved in their biosynthesis. Among a collection of β‐lactones, we found one hit with potent anti‐mycobacterial and bactericidal activity. Chemical proteomics using an alkynylated probe identified Pks13 and Ag85 serine hydrolases as major targets. Validation through enzyme assays and customized 13C metabolite profiling showed that both targets are functionally impaired by the β‐lactone. Co‐administration with front‐line antibiotics enhanced the potency against M. tuberculosis by more than 100‐fold, thus demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting mycomembrane biosynthesis serine hydrolases.
Photodegradation of partially oriented and drawn polypropylene filaments
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoodabadi H. , Haghighat Kish M. , Aslanzadeh S.
Published: October 2017

The effects of fiber structure on the process of photodegradation are controversial in the field. We tested polypropylene fibers of various form for their effects on photodegradation. Fiber grade polypropylene granules were spun into partially oriented multifilament yarns at a spinning speed of 2000 m min−1. The yarns were drawn using a draw‐twist unit. Yarns were exposed to ultra‐violet radiations in a covered open air chamber for different periods of time under two different sources of emissions (UVA; λ > 300 nm and UVC; λ = 254 nm). The samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy, and density measurements. In photodegradation process, the drawn filaments had a longer induction time than undrawn ones. The mechanical properties of the undrawn yarns deteriorate faster than the drawn yarns. During the early periods of degradation helical content increases considerably, while the density fluctuates and increases. The degradation rate under UVC radiation was faster than under UVA radiation because of the higher energy of the UVC radiation. The upper photostability of the drawn yarns compared to the undrawn ones was due to the higher crystalline fraction and greater molecular orientation in the drawn yarn. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45716.
Self‐assembly of alginate/polyethyleneimine multilayer onto magnetic microspheres as an effective adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes
Authors: Xiong Bin , Wang Na , Chen Yanfang , Peng Hong
Published: October 2017

A novel magnetic adsorbent alginate/polyethyleneimine (ALG/PEI)n/MN was developed for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution in this study. (ALG/PEI)n/MN was prepared by depositing ALG/PEI multi‐layers onto amine‐modified Fe3O4 microspheres through layer‐by‐layer method. The morphologies and structures of the adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively, and its performance in adsorption of anionic dye (acid orange 10, AO10) under varied experimental conditions were also investigated. The results revealed that the uptake capacity of AO10 by (ALG/PEI)n/MN increased with the number of coated (ALG/PEI) bilayer on the adsorbents, and the maximum adsorption capacity for AO10 by (ALG/PEI)4MN was 246.3 mg g−1 at 25 °C. The adsorption process was exothermic and well described by the pseudo‐second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model. Moreover, (ALG/PEI)4/MN showed good reusability and excellent magnetic separability. All the results demonstrate that (ALG/PEI)4/MN is a potential recyclable adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45876.
Interfacial influence on mechanical properties of polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted silica nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Jingshen
Published: October 2017

Three types of polypropylene‐grafted silica (PGS‐2 K, PGS‐8 K and PGS‐30 K) with different grafting chain lengths were prepared. After melt‐blending PGS with polypropylene (PP), we studied the PP/PGS interface properties and the influence of PP/PGS interfaces on mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The strong matrix/particle interface was observed in PP/PGS‐30 K nanocomposites with 5 wt % particle loading as evidenced by 2.5 °C increased glass transition temperature (Tg) compared with neat PP, whereas the weak matrix/particle interface was observed in PP/PGS‐2 K nanocomposites with decreased Tg. The variations in the matrix/particle interfacial strength lead to a transition in the yield stress of nanocomposites. Compared with the unfilled PP, the yield stress of the PP/PGS‐2 K nanocomposites is decreased by 0.7 MPa, and the yield stress of the PP/PGS‐30 K nanocomposites is enhanced by 1.4 MPa. In addition, benefiting from good dispersion, the PP/PGS‐masterbatch nanocomposites with a strong matrix/particle interface not only exhibit increased Young's modulus and yield stress, but also the strain at break remains in line with the unfilled PP, which is in contrast to the conventional wisdom that the gain in modulus and strength must be at the expense of the decreased break strain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45887.
A comparison of different ways of including baseline counts in negative binomial models for data from falls prevention trials
Authors: Zheng Han , Kimber Alan , Goodwin Victoria A. , Pickering Ruth M.
Published: October 2017

A common design for a falls prevention trial is to assess falling at baseline, randomize participants into an intervention or control group, and ask them to record the number of falls they experience during a follow‐up period of time. This paper addresses how best to include the baseline count in the analysis of the follow‐up count of falls in negative binomial (NB) regression. We examine the performance of various approaches in simulated datasets where both counts are generated from a mixed Poisson distribution with shared random subject effect. Including the baseline count after log‐transformation as a regressor in NB regression (NB‐logged) or as an offset (NB‐offset) resulted in greater power than including the untransformed baseline count (NB‐unlogged). Cook and Wei's conditional negative binomial (CNB) model replicates the underlying process generating the data. In our motivating dataset, a statistically significant intervention effect resulted from the NB‐logged, NB‐offset, and CNB models, but not from NB‐unlogged, and large, outlying baseline counts were overly influential in NB‐unlogged but not in NB‐logged. We conclude that there is little to lose by including the log‐transformed baseline count in standard NB regression compared to CNB for moderate to larger sized datasets.
Renal artery stenosis and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Reeves Ryan R. , Walters Daniel , Mahmud Ehtisham
Published: October 2017

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a prevalent cause of secondary hypertension. Elderly patients with atherosclerosis and young women with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) are particularly at risk. Blood pressure screening is often key to this diagnosis, although the reliability of clinical screening has been questioned, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) likely offers superior ability to diagnose poorly controlled hypertension. In patients with RAS, medical management should be the primary means of therapy; however, in a select group of these patients, renal revascularization may be considered, and has been shown to reduce blood pressure and stabilize chronic kidney disease. In this report, we present a patient diagnosed with RAS due to FMD, found to have significant hypertension via ABPM, and treated successfully with percutaneous renal artery angioplasty; importantly, continuous 24‐hr ambulatory monitoring after pressure gradient guided renal angioplasty confirmed reduction in blood pressure.
Bicaval Medtronic Melody valve implantation for treatment of severe mitral regurgitation following the Mustard repair: A case report
Authors: Steinberg Zachary L. , Morray Brian H. , Jones Thomas K.
Published: October 2017

We present a case of successful bicaval Melody valve implantation to treat severe mitral regurgitation in a 44‐year‐old man with d‐transposition of the great arteries, repaired via a Mustard operation. The patient sustained injury to the anterior mitral valve leaflet during laser extraction of a ventricular pacing lead resulting in acute, severe, symptomatic mitral regurgitation. The presence of systemic venous baffles of similar caliber to right ventricular outflow tract conduits allowed for implantation of Melody valves within each baffle. The patient remains asymptomatic with excellent Melody valve function 14 months post procedure.
Interventional closure of patent foramen ovale with Nit‐occlud® device in prevention of recurrent neurologic events—Long‐term results
Authors: Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Sławek Sylwia , Trojnarska Olga , Lesiak Maciej , Grygier Marek
Published: October 2017

Background

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was found to be associated with the increased risk of recurrent strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and there is a need of secondary prevention. Numerous devices have been developed and used for treatment.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new PFO occluder Nit‐Occlud PFO Occlusion Device (PFM medical, Germany).

Methods

Between January 2012 and August 2016, 151 patients (mean age 41 ± 11 years) who had suffered from a cryptogenic thromboembolic event underwent transcatheter PFO closure with the PFM Nit‐Occlud PFO device. The procedure was successful in 150 patients (99.3%). Mean clinical follow‐up time was 24.4 ± 16.1 months. Echocardiographic follow‐up was done at 6 weeks and 6 months post intervention by transesophageal contrast echocardiography in 90 (60%) of patients. Clinical end‐point was death, non‐fatal stroke, or TIA.

Results

No major periprocedural or in‐hospital complications occurred. Stroke or TIA reoccurred generally in 5 (3.3%) patients (2 strokes and 3 TIA's). In one patient (0.7%) device, thrombosis was observed. Closure was sufficient with only minimal right‐to‐left residual shunt in seventeen cases of 90 examined patients (19%) after 6 weeks and in one patient (1.1%) 6 months post implantation.

Conclusions

The Nit‐Occlud PFO device and its delivery system are safe and provides sufficient closure of PFO in patients who suffered from cryptogenic stroke, TIA or paradoxical peripheral embolism. It is associated with high procedural success and favorable rates of complete closure.
Mechanism and Origin of the Stereoselectivity in the Palladium‐Catalyzed trans Hydroboration of Internal 1,3‐Enynes with an Azaborine‐Based Phosphine Ligand
Authors: Yang Yinuo , Jiang Julong , Yu Haizhu , Shi Jing
Published: October 2017

An azaborine‐based phosphine–Pd catalyst was introduced by the Liu group to promote trans hydroboration of the C≡C triple bond of internal 1,3‐enyne substrates. Despite the excellent yield and selectivity observed experimentally, the mechanism and the origin of this special trans selectivity remained unknown. Herein, a comprehensive theoretical investigation was performed to clarify these issues. Accordingly, two main mechanisms (inner‐ and outer‐sphere) were proposed and examined. Different from the conventional inner‐sphere mechanism, in which the transition metal is involved in H−B bond cleavage, this reaction follows an outer‐sphere mechanism, in which Pd does not directly participate in H−B bond cleavage. More specifically, the favorable pathway followed a Tsuji–Trost type reaction, in which the H−B bond was weakened by the formation of a four‐coordinate boron intermediate (i.e., the boron is attached to the terminal carbon of the alkyne group). It then underwent a hydride‐transfer process with the assistance of a second borane molecule, and finally reductive elimination generated the trans hydroboration product. Further analysis ascribed the origin of the special trans selectivity to the unique steric effect and electronic effect introduced by the special κ1‐P‐η2‐BC coordination pattern.
The pressure, internal energy, and conductivity of tantalum plasma
Authors: Apfelbaum E.M.
Published: October 2017

The pressure, internal energy, and conductivity of a tantalum plasma were calculated at the temperatures 10–100 kK and densities less than 3 g/cm3. The plasma composition, pressure, and internal energy were obtained by means of the corresponding system of the coupled mass action law equations. We have considered atom ionization up to +3. The conductivity was calculated within the relaxation time approximation. Comparisons of our results with available measurements and calculation data show good agreement in the area of correct applicability of the present model.