bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopamine-Dependent Sensitization of Rod Bipolar Cells by GABA Is Conveyed through Wide-Field Amacrine Cells
Authors: Travis Amanda M. , Heflin Stephanie J. , Hirano Arlene A. , Brecha Nicholas C. , Arshavsky Vadim Y.
Published: December 2017

The vertebrate retina has the remarkable ability to support visual function under conditions of limited illumination, including the processing of signals evoked by single photons. Dim-light vision is regulated by several adaptive mechanisms. The mechanism explored in this study is responsible for increasing the light sensitivity and operational range of rod bipolar cells, the retinal neurons operating immediately downstream of rod photoreceptors. This sensitization is achieved through the sustained dopamine-dependent GABA release from other retinal neurons. Our goals were to identify the cell type responsible for the GABA release and the site of its modulation by dopamine. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of amacrine and/or horizontal cells. We now demonstrate, using mice of both sexes, that horizontal cells do not participate in this mechanism. Instead, sustained GABA input is provided by a subpopulation of wide-field amacrine cells, which stimulate the GABACreceptors at rod bipolar cell axons. We also found that dopamine does not act directly on either of these cells. Rather, it suppresses inhibition imposed on these wide-field cells by another subpopulation of upstream GABAergic amacrine cells, thereby sustaining the GABACreceptor activation required for rod bipolar cell sensitization.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe vertebrate retina has an exquisite ability to adjust information processing to ever-changing conditions of ambient illumination, from bright sunlight to single-photon counting under dim starlight. Operation under each of these functional regimes requires an engagement of specific adaptation mechanisms. Here, we describe a mechanism optimizing the performance of the dim-light channel of vision, which consists of sensitizing rod bipolar cells by a sustained GABAergic input originating from a population of wide-field amacrine cells. Wide-field amacrine cells span large segments of the retina, making them uniquely equipped to normalize and optimize response sensitivity across distant receptive fields and preclude any bias toward local light-intensity fluctuations.
Sustained MAPK/ERK Activation in Adult Schwann Cells Impairs Nerve Repair
Authors: Cervellini Ilaria , Galino Jorge , Zhu Ning , Allen Shannen , Birchmeier Carmen , Bennett David L.
Published: December 2017

The MAPK/ERK pathway has a critical role in PNS development. It is required for Schwann cell (SC) differentiation and myelination; sustained embryonic MAPK/ERK activation in SCs enhances myelin growth overcoming signals that normally end myelination. Excess activation of this pathway can be maladaptive as in adulthood acute strong activation of MAPK/ERK has been shown to cause SC dedifferentiation and demyelination. We used a mouse model (including male and female animals) in which the gain-of-functionMEK1DDallele produces sustained MAPK/ERK activation in adult SCs, and we determined the impact of such activation on nerve repair. In the uninjured nerve, MAPK/ERK activation neither impaired myelin nor reactivated myelination. However, in the injured nerve it was detrimental and resulted in delayed repair and functional recovery. In the early phase of injury, the rate of myelin clearance was faster. Four weeks following injury, when nerve repair is normally advanced, myelinated axons ofMEK1DDmutants demonstrated higher rates of myelin decompaction, a reduced number of Cajal bands. and decreased internodal length. We noted the presence of abnormal Remak bundles with long SCs processes and reduced numbers of C-fibers/Remak bundle. Both the total number of regenerating axons and the intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the skin were reduced. Sustained activation of MAPK/ERK in adult SCs is therefore deleterious to successful nerve repair, emphasizing the differences in the signaling processes coordinating nerve development and repair. Our results also underline the key role of SCs in axon regeneration and successful target reinnervation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe MAPK/ERK pathway promotes developmental myelination and its sustained activation in SCs induced continuous myelin growth, compensating for the absence of essential myelination signals. However, the strength of activation is fundamental because acute strong induction of MAPK/ERK in adulthood induces demyelination. What has been unknown is the effect of a mild but sustained MAPK/ERK activation in SCs on nerve repair in adulthood. This promoted myelin clearance but led to abnormalities in nonmyelinating and myelinating SCs in the later phases of nerve repair, resulting in slowed axon regeneration, cutaneous reinnervation, and functional recovery. Our results emphasize the distinct role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in developmental myelination versus remyelination and the importance of signaling between SCs and axons for successful axon regeneration.
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Early Myelination and Contributes to Timely Remyelination
Authors: Ahrendsen Jared T. , Harlow Danielle E. , Finseth Lisbet T. , Bourne Jennifer N. , Hickey Sean P. , Gould Elizabeth A. , Culp Cecilia M. , Macklin Wendy B.
Published: December 2017

Shp2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that has been shown to influence neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Furthermore, Shp2 is a known regulator of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and ERK signaling pathways in multiple cellular contexts, including oligodendrocytes. Its role during later postnatal CNS development or in response to demyelination injury has not been examined. Based on the current studies, we hypothesize that Shp2 is a negative regulator of CNS myelination. Using transgenic mouse technology, we show that Shp2 is involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation and early myelination, but is not necessary for myelin maintenance. We also show that Shp2 regulates the timely differentiation of oligodendrocytes following lysolecithin-induced demyelination, although apparently normal remyelination occurs at a delayed time point. These data suggest that Shp2 is a relevant therapeutic target in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the present study, we show that the protein phosphatase Shp2 is an important mediator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, both during developmental myelination as well as during myelin regeneration. We provide important insight into the signaling mechanisms regulating myelination and propose that Shp2 acts as a transient brake to the developmental myelination process. Furthermore, we show that Shp2 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation following demyelination and therefore has important therapeutic implications in diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Digital Ischemia After Application of Self-Adherent Elastic Wrap Dressing: A Case Series
Authors: Makarewich Christopher A. , Lang Penelope , Hutchinson Douglas T.
Published: December 2017

Self-adherent elastic wrap dressings are a convenient option to manage pediatric hand and finger injuries. However, when improperly applied, they have the potential to cause devastating complications. We detail in this report 5 cases of dressing-induced ischemic injury to the hand in pediatric patients with a review of the literature. All patients were treated by the senior author between 2007 and 2015 and were retrospectively reviewed for initial injury, frequency of dressing changes, presence of pain, time to evaluation by the orthopedic hand team, treatment, and outcome. Patients’ families were contacted for clinical updates and to obtain current photographs. Age at injury ranged from 11 months to 3 years with 2 girls and 3 boys. Only 1 of 5 patients complained of pain or discomfort during the onset of their ischemic injury. Treatment of the ischemic injury included local wound care without surgery in 3 cases (including sympathetic block in 1) and surgical intervention with partial or complete digital amputation in 2 cases. At final follow-up, 2 of the 5 patients reported currently being bothered by the appearance of the injured hand; however, none had persistent pain or difficulty using the hand. Through these examples, health care professionals can be educated on the potentially disastrous complications of improper dressing application in the pediatric population and can be encouraged to share this information with patients’ families.
A natureza da pragmática: percurso teórico em um piscar de olhos
Authors: Ibaños Ana Maria T. , Costa Jorge Campos da
Published: December 2017

O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar aspectos gerais sobre o desenvolvimento da pragmática, desde suas origens e discussões estritamente teóricas, no que concerne às pragmáticas e suas vertentes. De fato, tal disciplina pode ser caracterizada de várias maneiras, especialmente como subárea da Linguística Pura, ou como forma de abordagem de caráter instrumental, em que se identificam contextos para as diversas situações de uso da linguagem. Dada essa complexidade que envolve a Pragmática, parece justa a pretensão de nosso trabalho ao ser voltado para os fundamentos, conceitos básicos e debates típicos. Isso vai na direção de familiarizar e permitir compreender as questões motivadoras de pesquisa que cercam uma multiplicidade de problemas relevantes na área.
O ensino de pragmática por professores nativos e não-nativos de línguas: o que eles sabem e o que relatam estar fazendo
Authors: Cohen Andrew D.
Published: December 2017

O artigo aborda a questão de como professores não-nativos de uma língua alvo (PNNs) lidam com a pragmática em suas salas de aula. Inicia com uma discussão sobre o que é pragmática. Em seguida, traz aspectos relacionados ao ensino de pragmática, tais como o background do professor, comparações entre ensino de segunda língua (L2) e língua estrangeira (LE) e o potencial da mídia digital e outros meios para prover modelos de comportamento pragmático. Após, é apresentada uma pesquisa internacional, a qual investigou as experiências de PNNs de várias línguas com relação ao ensino da pragmática. Um total de 113 professores relataram o que ensinavam: 30 professores nativos (PNs) e 83 professores não-nativos (PNNs). Foi solicitado a eles que falassem sobre suas experiências como professores de pragmática da L2 e LE. Sendo a pragmática uma mescla de língua e cultura, aos professores foi solicitado que avaliassem seus conhecimentos de pragmalinguística (formas linguísticas) e sociopragmática (conhecimento sociocultural). Ademais, foram instruídos a darem suas opiniões em relação a semelhanças e diferenças entre o ensino da pragmática da LE e da L2, pois essa dicotomia tradicional acarreta uma realidade mais híbrida em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado. Da mesma forma, perguntas foram feitas sobre seus métodos de ensino de pragmática, sua utilização de mídia digital e seu tratamento de diferenças dialetais. Por fim, foi-lhes solicitado que sugerissem áreas nas quais fossem desenvolvidas pesquisas sobre o ensino de pragmática. O artigo relata os resultados do estudo, incluindo dados sobre o ensino de censuras, sarcasmo e blasfêmia, além do uso de mídia digital e coleta de dados pragmáticos feita por alunos.
O humor no ensino de línguas
Authors: Andrade Leila Minatti , Rauen Fábio José
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, defendemos que o humor, especificamente em piadas, facilita o ensino da língua espanhola para estudantes brasileiros. Para tanto, apresentamos argumentos em favor da importância da utilização do humor para o ensino e a aprendizagem; mostramos como a teoria da relevância (SPERBER; WILSON, 1986, 1995) nos auxilia a compreender como as pessoas compreendem piadas; argumentamos que o docente deve prever possíveis traduções feitas pelos alunos para utilizar piadas em sala de aula apropriadamente; e, por fim, analisamos três piadas baseando-nos na classificação de Yus (2010). Concluímos que piadas transferíveis têm mais chances de serem compreendidas pelos estudantes, quando comparadas com piadas substituíveis e desafiadoras.
O estudo da aquisição de inferências pragmáticas como elemento na escolha entre modelos teóricos em disputa
Authors: Goldnadel Marcos
Published: December 2017

Fenômeno de comportamento ambivalente, pressuposição tem desafiado algumas gerações de linguistas em relação a dois problemas complementares: o problema da projeção de pressuposições e o problema da origem das pressuposições. Embora o problema descritivo da projeção tenha recebido maior atenção, não se pode lidar com ele sem assumir algum posicionamento quanto ao problema explanatório, relativo à origem das inferências consideradas pressuposicionais. O desacordo que se observa quanto à descrição da projeção de pressuposições contrasta, no entanto, com um relativo consenso, historicamente construído, sobre a natureza das pressuposições. Segundo esse consenso, pressuposição é fenômeno de natureza convencional, sujeito, apenas em sua projeção, a injunções de ordem conversacional. Mais recentemente, esse consenso tem sido abalado por uma nova onda de trabalhos, que, de diversos modos, passaram a defender a ideia de que pressuposição é fenômeno de natureza fundamentalmente conversacional. Entre essas propostas, uma que merece atenção pela plausibilidade é a que identifica pressuposição com implicatura de quantidade escalar. As duas formas de encarar a origem de pressuposições, no entanto, permitem realizar predições distintas quanto ao seu processamento. Interessados na comprovação de uma das duas hipóteses, estudos experimentais foram conduzidos recentemente com a finalidade de avaliar o modo como pressuposições e implicaturas escalares são processadas. Os resultados desses estudos têm sido importante elemento no debate sobre o problema explanatório da origem de pressuposições. Este artigo revisita alguns experimentos que avaliam o modo como ocorre o processamento de implicaturas escalares e pressuposições e procura avaliar a importância, no quadro mais geral desse debate, de trabalhos que investiguem o modo como sujeitos em fase de aquisição processam inferências pragmáticas. Mostra, nesse percurso, que as evidências obtidas podem ser vistas como elementos de apoio a certos modelos ou, alternativamente, como pistas para o aprimoramento das suposições dos modelos que, inicialmente, parecem problematizar.
Compreensão de expressões idiomáticas em período de aquisição da linguagem
Authors: Siqueira Maity , Duarte Junior Sergio , Pereira Laura Baiocco , Ferrari Caroline Girardi , Lopes Nichele
Published: December 2017

São muitos os estudos sobre a compreensão de expressões idiomáticas. Entretanto, ainda são raros os trabalhos sobre o tema no desenvolvimento da linguagem em língua portuguesa. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a aplicação e os resultados de uma tarefa de compreensão de expressões idiomáticas em 270 participantes em três faixas etárias (crianças, adolescentes e adultos). A tarefa é composta por seis itens: sentenças seguidas de uma pergunta aberta e uma pergunta fechada. A comparação das respostas nos três grupos indica um aumento gradual na compreensão de expressões idiomáticas. Além da idade, discute-se a implicação das variáveis linguísticas contexto, transparência, metaforicidade e familiaridade na compreensão do fenômeno. As análises sugerem que esse fenômeno complexo deve ser estudado levando em conta todos esses aspectos.
Powerfully queered
Authors: Hiramoto Mie
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates representations of castrated male characters in Chinese martial arts films. In my data, without exception, the castrated kungfu practitioners are villainous, powerful and extremely tenacious. After careful examination of the characterisations of these sexually unorthodox male martial artist characters in mainstream films, I find a strikingly simplistic equation that links the castrated male characters and their visual and linguistic representations. While the castrated males are some of the most physically capable martial arts practitioners in this genre, they are stereotypically presented as lacking masculinity, and in turn both feminised and dehumanised. Through layers of mediatisation, the fictional castrated male characters are shown to be freaks and monsters by being linguistically and visually queered.
Gender stereotype as a vehicle for social change?
Authors: Kang M. Agnes , Chen Katherine Hoi Ying
Published: December 2017

The Kong Girl stereotype has been circulating in the media since the mid-2000s. The indexical process of associating social meanings to the Kong Girl label becomes heightened in situations of uncertainty and change. Kira Hall uses the term ‘indexical dissonance’ to explain the state of identity under globalisation. In this paper, we identify three strategies by which more ‘positive’ representations of Kong Girls emerge: (1) the Kong Girl label shifts in semantic meaning; (2) the specific Kong Girl qualities taken as stance objects shift; and (3) the Kong Girl label is reappropriated. Through these strategies, we show how the meanings associated with a gender stereotype may be co-opted in emerging discourses of social change.
“A Thing is its Own Best Mask”
Authors: Sterling Colin
Published: December 2017

This photo essay interrogates an increasingly familiar sight in the preservation landscape of our cities: buildings encased in images of themselves. The strange details of these architectural wraps are photographed as a means of exposing the surreal fissures that speak to their underlying ontologies, explored here with reference to Slavoj Zizek's concept of the parallax and Graham Harman's notion of immaterialism. This photographic archaeology further seeks to unravel the overarching inconsistencies of heritage and preservation, with the building wrap seen to embody many of the paradoxes and tensions of these fields.
Relentless Denial
Authors: Liska Mercedes
Published: December 2017

Queer tango, a movement started in 2002 by a group of women at a lesbian feminist cultural centre, is one of the most controversial initiatives to appear in contemporary dance experiences in Buenos Aires. Same-sex tango dancing was forbidden at the beginning of the 1900s as part of a broader process of monitoring popular culture and moral conduct; the ultimate aim was to make modern tango a symbol of national identity and thus heterosexual. Over the past decade, however, homoeroticism has become an alternative practice among crowds with heterosexual expectations. At the same time, the media have shown women dancing together to attract a heterosexual male audience, while openly gay men acquired a greater presence in the dance. From a perspective of gender subordination, this article focuses on increasing homoerotic performances in tango, the heterosexual norms which have again downsized women’s role, and the gay–straight male umbrella opened by and for tango.
Questionable Tastes
Authors: Spataro Carolina
Published: December 2017

This article analyses the social uses of romantic music among poor and working class women in Argentina. The analysis is based on fieldwork with a fan club of Ricardo Arjona, a Guatemalan singer-songwriter whose songs have topped the charts across the Spanish-speaking world for two decades. In a constant reworking of the debate on “good” versus “bad” music, Arjona’s musical production is the target of an aesthetic and ideological critique that defines it as poor quality music that fosters sexism. These value judgements are also applied to Arjona’s fans, making the women who enjoy his music into what we will call “cultural ditzes”. The article proposes to explain the connection between music and the configuration of contemporary femininities.
On the Evaluation of Sample Size Required for a Good Approximation by the Normal Curve for Some Statistics
Authors: Wywiał Janusz L.
Published: December 2017

Testing hypotheses or evaluation confidence intervals requires knowledge of some  statistics’ distributions. It is convenient if the probability distribution of the statistic converges to normal distribution when the sample size is sufficiently large. This paper examines the problem of how to evaluate sample size in order to determine that a statistic’s distribution does not depart from normal distribution by more than an assumed amount. Two procedures are proposed to evaluate the necessary sample size. The first is based on Berry-Esseen inequality while the second is based on simulation procedure. In order to evaluate the necessary sample size, the distribution of the sample mean is generated by replicating samples of a fixed size. Next, the normal distribution of the evaluated sample means is tested. The size of the generated samples is gradually increased until the hypothesis on the normality of the sample mean distribution is not rejected. This procedure is applied in the cases of statistics other than sample mean.
Dwuwymiarowe zmienne licznikowe – bayesowskie modelowanie selekcji próby
Authors: Osiewalski Jacek , Marzec Jerzy
Published: December 2017

The article presents a joint statistical model of two count variables, one of which can be degenerated at zero. We consider a modelling framework based on switching between a bivariate Poisson regression model and a univariate one, where the switching depends on the observed outcome of the third, dichotomous variable. Bayesian analysis is advocated; in two special cases of our Bayesian model, important consequences for inference are stated. In the empirical section we consider joint modelling of the number of cash and bank card transactions in Poland with the use of data for both cardholders and non-holders.
Wykorzystanie modelu przepływów międzygałęziowych do ocen makroekonomicznych gospodarki
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej , Grzelak Aleksander
Published: December 2017

The objective of the article is to present the possibilities of using an input-output model in macroeconomic evaluations of the economy taking into account past experience and suggestions for the future. During the study we found that the input-output model is a useful tool for evaluating and interpreting economic phenomena. It can be used primarily to evaluate relationships and to diagnose the sources of diversified development between branches within a given economy. There is a need to expand the interpretation of the input-output model by adding a fourth part. This would entail publishing data on the distribution of generated income. Further, it would be interesting to attempt to use this model to present supply inequality while taking into account the environmental context of the macroeconomic analysis.
Karty kontrolne sum skumulowanych z możliwością akceptacji procesu. Przegląd podstawowych narzędzi
Authors: Major Michał
Published: December 2017

The main goal of this article was to review and analyse basic cumulative sum control charts, which can be used to accept or disqualify an analysed production process. In the literature, there are two kinds of acceptance control charts: Shewhart Control Charts and Cumulative Sum Control Charts (CUSUM Charts). Both can be used by quality managers or financial managers in monitoring or auditing processes. The article presents only selected process control procedures. The conclusion of the article provides examples of the applications of the solutions described.
Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) library protocols v1
Authors: Hilario Elena
Published: December 2017

Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a restriction enzyme based targeted approach developed to reduce the genome complexity and discover genetic markers when a priori sequence information is unavailable. Sufficient coverage at each locus is essential to distinguish heterozygous from homozygous sites accurately. The number of GBS samples able to be pooled in one sequencing lane is limited by the number of restriction sites present in the genome and the read depth required at each site per sample for accurate calling of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Loci bias was observed using a slight modification of the Elshire et al. method: some restriction enzyme sites were represented in higher proportions while others were poorly represented or absent. This bias could be due to the quality of genomic DNA, the endonuclease and ligase reaction efficiency, the distance between restriction sites, the preferential amplification of small library restriction fragments, or bias towards cluster formation of small amplicons during the sequencing process. To overcome these issues, we have developed a GBS method based on randomly tagging genomic DNA (rtGBS). By randomly landing on the genome, we can, with less bias, find restriction sites that are far apart, and undetected by the standard GBS (stdGBS) method. The details about how each approach performs can be found in the citation shown below. This protocol explains how to prepare each type of GBS library, with comments on expected results and controls needed to confirm each step worked.
¿SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO O DE LA INFORMACIÓN COMO CONDICIONANTE EN LA DIRECCIÓN?
Authors: ROZO CAÑÓN FREDY ENRIQUE , CARDONA MADARIAGA DIEGO FERNANDO
Published: December 2017

El acelerado desarrollo experimentado en los últimos años por las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC), ha generado procesos de transformación fundamentales en las relaciones humanas, la economía, la cultura, la política e incluso las costumbres. El efecto de estos cambios en una sociedad determinada depende de las condiciones particulares de su estructura y la evolución en el tiempo. En este artículo se analizan los conceptos que responden a dos tradiciones de pensamiento distintas: sociedad de la información y sociedad del conocimiento, y se abordan los rasgos centrales que actualmente las definen; analizando las transformaciones a que dieron origen y el modo en que se ha intentado unificar sus características bajo un único término.
MICROBONOS. UNA ALTERNATIVA DE INVERSIÓN PARA LOS ESTRATOS UNO, DOS Y TRES
Authors: Ariza Garzón Miller Janny , Reyes Quintanilla Elsa Susana , Velasco Cardona Luisa Fernanda
Published: December 2017

Los microbonos son una alternativa de inversión para las personas que tienen capitales pequeños y que en la actualidad no confían sus recursos a una entidad financiera, por lo cual prefieren dejar el dinero guardado en casa. Con este nuevo instrumento financiero lo que se busca es que las personas de los menores estratos puedan acceder al mercado de capitales y cambien la perspectiva de ahorro.
LA TRADICIÓN LEGAL Y LA CALIDAD DE LAS INSTITUCIONES: ¿ES CARACTERÍSTICA LA COLONIZACIÓN POR LOS PAÍSES CON LEYES FRANCESAS?
Authors: KIRAT THIERRY
Published: December 2017

La literatura reciente argumenta que la tradición legal de las naciones, por ejemplo aquellas pertenecientes al mundo de la ley común y la ley civil, no son neutrales en términos de desempeño económico o institucional, especialmente en referencia a oportunidades clave para sacar de la pobreza a los países subdesarrollados. Presentamos los resultados de una explotación exploratoria de las “bases de datos de perfiles institucionales” suministrados por la DGTPE (Ministerio Francés de Economía y Finanzas) y de la Agencia Francesa para el Desarrollo (encuesta de 2009) complementada con datos sobre el origen legal y otras variables de La Porta et al. Resaltamos las especificaciones de los países subdesarrollados que heredaron las leyes francesas (relativas a aquellas de las leyes inglesas). Una reflexión sobre el poder político y el Estado encuentra un fuerte contraste entre el modelo típico ideal de la ley francesa y los hallazgos empíricos. Este contraste es consistente con la noción en lugar del estado real de las antiguas colonias francesas.
A study on prevalence of tobacco consumption in tribal district of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Verma Prashant , Saklecha Deepak , Kasar Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2017

Background: Tobacco use is one of the common risk factors for major non-communicable diseases. It succumbs half of its users to death. Estimates suggest that tobacco will cause about 150 million deaths in the first quarter of the century and 300 million in the second quarter. Prevalence of tobacco use in rural area is higher than urban area. While there is still paucity of data of tobacco consumption among tribal population. The study aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption and its different modes among tribal population. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among 800 study subject 15 years and above of randomly selected villages of Mandla district of M.P., from January 2015 to June 2015 using a pre-designed pre-tested proforma. Results: Tobacco consumption was prevalent among 43.38% of the study subjects with khaini (68.3%) being the most common form of tobacco consumed followed by betel nut (9.5%). Its consumption was significantly associated with gender, age group, educational status and the marital status of the respondents. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use is alarmingly high (43.38%). There is a need to strengthen IEC and Behaviour change communication activities focussing on the hazardous effects of tobacco through health education campaigns is needed in tribal areas.
Território Audiovisual: imagens e sons como estratégia metodológica de pesquisa
Authors: Resende Fernanda Elisa Costa P. , Morás Teder Muniz
Published: December 2017

Resumo: este artigo traz a reflexão de questões levantadas no Simpósio 23,

coordenado pelos autores durante o VI Reunião de Teoria Arqueológica da

America do Sul (TAAS), realizado em 2012. Os trabalhos, cuja temática

percorrem a Arqueologia, Antropologia, Etnologia e o campo do audiovisual,

conferiram medidas do caráter interdisciplinar e dialógico dessas áreas.

Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Cultural. Acervo Audiovisual. Contexto analógico

e digital. Imagens e sons.
O Fetiche do Patrimônio
Authors: Veloso Mariza
Published: December 2017

O artigo trata da profunda mercantilização da cultura reinante na sociedade contemporânea, o que pode influenciar a dinâmica da produção e reprodução das manifestações que integram o universo patrimonial.Discute, ainda, o risco da fetichização das manifestações culturais, argumentando que a ênfase relativa ao patrimônio imaterial deve incidir na produção e reprodução do grupo social e nas formas de transmissão de tal patrimônio. Argumenta, igualmente, que os bens patrimoniais são diferenciados diante de outras mercadorias, na medida em que possuem uma densidade simbólica específica, resultado de sua produção eminentemente coletiva.
A Cidade e suas Crises, o Patrimônio pelos viés da Memória: por que e como preservar o passado?
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da , Eckert Cornelia
Published: December 2017

Problematiza-se o lugar do patrimônio relacionado à s modernas cidades no Brasil. Demonstra-se como a produção antropológica, hoje, referida ao paradigma que trata da dialética temporal e com pesquisa etnográfica sobre a memória social e coletiva dos habitantes na cidade, possibilita interpretar os sentidos dos lugares urbanos e do pertencimento do público aos territórios da vida social como experiências de habitá-los e definir uma reflexividade crítica de políticas oficiais de patrimonialização.
A Antropologia das Técnicas e o Povoamento da América do Sul Pré-Histórica
Authors: Fogaça Emílio , Boà«da Eric
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho apresenta a temática proposta no simpósio realizado no 52à° Congresso Internacional de Americanistas, em julho de 2006, em Sevilha. Argumentamos sobre a pertinência dos estudos tecnológicos de indústrias líticas para a compreensão de fenômenos de maior âmbito, como a evolução e a adaptação das técnicas ao meio, os deslocamentos populacionais ou os processos de interação cultural entre grupos humanos. Tradicionalmente, os vestígios líticos relacionados com os períodos de possíveis povoamentos das Américas vêm sendo tratados por um prisma tipológico (o que levou à  enorme importância atribuída à s pontas de projétil). Procuramos, ao contrário, discorrer sobre a necessidade e a prioridade dos estudos tecnólogicos globais para o enriquecimento das discussões sobre esse tema.
Pilares de uma Organização de Aprendizagem: Estudo em um Câmpus Universitário
Authors: Carvalho Francisco João de Deus de , Rego Sidneia Maia de Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, que procurou identificar os pilares que caracterizam uma Organização de Aprendizagem (OA) em um Câmpus Universitário em processo de implantação, situado em Pau dos Ferros/RN. A instituição surgiu a partir de uma política nacional de desenvolvimento e expansão do ensino superior, o REUNI, e inserida na região do semiárido, essa instituição, ainda bastante jovem, busca sua plena implementação e consolidação. Foi realizado um levantamento com todos os servidores da instituição e uma entrevista com o diretor, e os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Percebeu-se que a efervescência e a mudança são características visíveis nesta instituição no momento. Esse contexto de criação, implementação e desejo de consolidação criam uma maior integração do grupo, apontada como visão compartilhada, uma das cinco disciplinas de uma Organização Aprendente, na visão de Peter Senge.
Análise da Propaganda do Varejo Supermercadista no Brasil: um estudo da Semiótica dos maiores Players do Mercado
Authors: Da Silva Isabella Gil Barbosa , Chaves Eduardo De Paula e Silva
Published: December 2017

O estudo das representações e imagens envolvidas nas campanhas publicitárias é, cada dia mais, um recorrente recurso dos gestores mercadológicos. Dessa forma, compreender e analisar as companhas publicitárias e sua semiótica se faz importante fonte de pesquisa. Nesse contexto surge o seguinte problema de pesquisa: analisar a semiótica das propagandas de varejos supermercadistas nacionais através da constituição de um quadrado semiótico. Foram investigadas as propagandas das maiores marcas de varejo supermercadista no Brasil, pelas variáveis preço, produto e pessoas. E assim, foi constituído o quadrado semiótico para a propaganda dos varejos supermercadistas no Brasil.
Understanding Culture: A Literature Review Comparing Three Cultural Pedagogies
Authors: Kidwell Tabitha
Published: December 2017

ENGLISH ABSTRACT Culture is an integral part of language study, but the field has yet to put forward a coherent theoretical argument for how culture can or should be incorporated in language education.  In an effort to remedy this situation, this paper reviews literature on the teaching of culture, drawing on Larzén’s (2005) identification of three pedagogies used to teach about culture within the language classroom:  through a pedagogy of information, a pedagogy of preparation, and a pedagogy of encounter.  The pedagogy of information takes a cognitive orientation, framing culture as factual knowledge, with a focus on the teacher as the transmitter of knowledge.  The pedagogy of preparation portrays culture as skills, and aims to help students develop the sociocultural, pragmatic, and strategic competence necessary for interactions with native speakers.  The pedagogy of encounter takes an intercultural approach, with an affective orientation, and aims to help students develop tolerance, empathy, and an awareness of their own and others’ perspectives, and the emergent nature of culture. Using these three pedagogies as a conceptual framework, this paper reviews scholarship in support and critique of each type of cultural teaching.  Because each of these three pedagogies continues to be used in various contexts worldwide, a clear understanding of the beliefs systems underpinning the belief systems of teachers and learners is essential. Keywords:  Culture; Language Teaching; Methodologies. INDONESIAN ABSTRACTBudaya merupakan bagian integral dari studi bahasa, namun khalayak belum mengemukakan argumen teoritis yang koheren untuk bagaimana budaya dapat atau harus digabungkan dalam pendidikan bahasa. Dalam upaya memperbaiki situasi ini, makalah ini mengulas literatur tentang ajaran budaya, dengan mengacu pada identifikasi tiga pedagogi Larzén (2005) yang digunakan untuk mengajarkan tentang budaya di dalam kelas bahasa: melalui pedagogi informasi, pedagogi persiapan, dan pedagogi perjumpaan Pedagogi informasi mengambil orientasi kognitif, membingkai budaya sebagai pengetahuan faktual, dengan fokus pada guru sebagai pemancar pengetahuan. Pedagogi persiapan menggambarkan budaya sebagai keterampilan, dan bertujuan untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan kompetensi sosiokultural, pragmatis, dan strategis yang diperlukan untuk interaksi dengan penutur asli. Pedagogi pertemuan mengambil pendekatan antar budaya, dengan orientasi afektif, dan bertujuan untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan toleransi, empati, dan kesadaran akan perspektif mereka sendiri dan orang lain, dan sifat budaya yang muncul. Dengan menggunakan ketiga pedagogi ini sebagai kerangka konseptual, makalah ini mengulas pustaka untuk mendukung dan mengkritik setiap jenis pengajaran budaya. Karena masing-masing dari ketiga pedagogi ini terus digunakan dalam berbagai konteks di seluruh dunia, pemahaman yang jelas tentang sistem kepercayaan yang mendasari sistem kepercayaan guru dan pelajar sangat penting.Kata kunci: Budaya; Pengajaran Bahasa; Metodologi.
Построение сегментации на основе модифицированного RFM-анализа для повышения лояльности потребителей
Authors: Цой Марина Евгеньевна , Щеколдин Владислав Юрьевич , Лежнина Мария Николаевна
Published: December 2017

В статье рассматривается метод сегментации потребителей при помощи модифицированного RFM-анализа с применением кластерного подхода. Проанализирована клиентская база компании, работающей на рынке транспортно-логистических услуг. Полученные результаты были подтверждены применением матрицы выбора стратегии лояльности В. Рейнарца и В. Кумара, что позволило разработать адресные программы лояльности для каждого выделенного сегмента потребителей.
Bioprospecção dos potenciais farmacológicos do monoterpeno 7-hidroxicitronelal: Ensaios in silico
Authors: Silva Marcus Antônio Bezerra da , Miranda Marthana Maria de Araújo , Carvalho Denildo De Araújo , Fernandes Heloísa Mara Batista , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: December 2017

Os óleos essenciais de plantas, bem como os compostos derivados destes óleos como os terpenos, têm atraído cada vez mais interesse por causa das suas propriedades antioxidantes. O 7-hidroxicitronelal é um monoterpeno derivado do citronelal, apresentando fórmula molecular C10H20O2. Objetivou-se avaliar as atividades farmacológicas in silico do monoterpeno, entre elas a atividade antioxidante. Para isso, utilizou-se as técnicas in silico através do programa: PASS® online, para avaliação das propriedades farmacológicas teóricas da substância. Os resultados mostraram amplo espectro de atividades farmacológicas in silico, entre elas efeito antioxidante. Assim conclui-se que o monoterpeno é portador de atividade antioxidante teórica in silico. Contudo mais estudos in vitro e em organismos vivos devem ser realizados para corroborar essas atividades.
As Experiências dos Núcleos de Extensão em Desenvolvimento Territorial no Brasil
Authors: Perafán Mireya Eugenia Valencia , Ávila Mario
Published: December 2017

Apresentação Dossiê ReGIS 2017, Vol.3 n.1
Repensar as estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial no Brasil, um desafio conjunto para governos, sociedade civil e universidades.
Authors: Perafán Mireya Eugenia Valencia , Avila Mario
Published: December 2017

Para discutir as consequências desse novo cenário politico-institucional do desenvolvimento territorial no Brasil,  os editores deste do dossiê, Professores Mireya Valencia e Mário Avila, convidaram três renomeados especialistas do tema: Catia Grisa, Professora no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural da UFRGS, Arilson Favareto, Professor na Universidade Federal do ABC (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território), e José Emilio Guerrero Ginel, Professor da Escola Técnica Superior de Engenheiros Agrónomos e de Montes da Universidade de Córdoba (Espanha) e coordenador do Programa Interuniversitário de Doutorado "Engenharia Agrícola, Alimentar, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável" (ver biografias detalhadas nesta Seção).
MODERN CLINICAL FEATURES OF AUTOIMMUNE BULLOUS DERMATOSES
Authors: Гурковская Евгения , Gurkovskaya Evgeniya , Уфимцева Марина , Ufimceva Marina , Изможерова Надежда , Izmozherova Nadezhda , Бочкарев Юрий , Bochkarev Yuriy , Береснева Татьяна , Beresneva Tat'yana
Published: December 2017

Autoimmune bullous dermatoses are a group of acquired and inherited diseases caused by the production of autoantibodies directed against protein structures of the epidermis and dermo-epidermal junction. The most severe and potentially dangerous bullous dermatoses are acantholytic pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Mortality from acantholytic pemphigus is 10.0 - 30.0 %. Aim. To demonstrate the diversity of clinical manifestations and the need for multidisciplinary interaction in the management of patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Materials and methods. The literature review of materials of domestic and foreign researchers describe the clinical course of autoimmune bullous dermatoses using the search engines Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane library, Elibrary (total 73). The clinical course of bladder dermatosis varies from localized forms with a relatively mild degree of severity to generalized lethal forms that are characterized by the formation of bullas that open with the formation of long-term non-healing erosions that can occur both on the skin and on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, esophagus, genitalia. The article describes the most significant complaints from patients with lesions on mucous membranes, the description of the endoscopic picture of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses, the description of the classical clinical picture of pemphigus acantholyticus, represented by blisters with serous contents, with listless, flabby cover and erosions prone to peripheral growth, a description of the clinical symptoms of Nikolsky, Asbo-Khansen and Sheklov, most significant for the differential diagnosis of bullous dermatoses. Furthermore authors describe cases with non typical clinical findings autoimmune bullous dermatoses and unusual site of the pathologic process. That can cause diagnostic errors leading the process to spread, postponement of the start of treatment, which in turn requires the appointment of high doses of systemic glucocorticosteroids. Improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients is possible only with the interdisciplinary interaction of a dermatovenereologist with adjacent specialists
Estimation of chromium and copper in chicken liver samples by Inductively Coupled plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry method
Authors: Supriya R. Annie , Swetha C. H. , Babu A. Jagadeesh , Reddy Vijay Bhaskar , . Sravanthi , Rao T. Madhava
Published: December 2017

Due to food safety issues and human health risk, heavy metal concentration through food chain is a concerned problem worldwide. There are several reports on transfer of non-biodegradable heavy metals from soil to animals by direct contamination or through feed. Hence, the present study was undertaken to estimate the presence of heavy metals chromium and copper in chicken liver samples (n=54) which were collected in and around Tirupati region of Andhra Pradesh, India. These samples were analyzed for the presence of chromium and copper by using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The excess levels of chromium considered to be carcinogenic and copper leads to tissue injury. The results of this study revealed that the range of chromium is between 0.009 to 0.091ppm and for Copper is 0.006 to 2.54 ppm in chicken liver samples which is not significant and within prescribed tolerance limit.
Propuesta documental para la realización televisiva comunitaria
Authors: Hernández Alfonso Eduardo Alejandro , Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto
Published: December 2017

La producción televisiva comunitaria construye ofertas de información ancladas en postuladosnetamente populares, donde se desdeña la posición del usuario en la construcción de espacios de comunicación, en algunos casos. En este artículo ser determinan referentes teóricos-metodológicos de la televisión comunitaria y se propone un nuevo enfoque para su producción, a partir de postulados pertenecientes a las ciencias de la información. El estudio clasifica como teórico con enfoque cualitativo. Se emplean métodos en el nivel teórico y empírico para la recogida de información. Se analizan los descriptores de contenido presentes en los audiovisuales como factores intrínsecos de los materiales. Se identifica el análisis documental y se propone el empleo de los descriptores de resumen, topográficos, cronológicos, temáticos, onomásticos y de forma, para la realización televisiva comunitaria. Se concluye que la producción audiovisual en la televisión comunitaria puede sustentarse en referentes teórico-metodológicos planteados por las ciencias de la información y la comunicación social. De esta forma, se propone un nuevo enfoque para la producción audiovisual comunitaria.
Integration of Small Farmers Into Global Value Chains: Challenges and opportunities inside the current global demand. Integración de pequeños agricultores en cadenas globales de valor: Desafíos y oportunidades dentro de la demanda global actual.
Authors: Nájera Joselyne
Published: December 2017

Resumen

Las cadenas de valor global a menudo representan una opción, para las empresas y proveedores locales en los países en desarrollo, para obtener acceso a mercados de alto valor y nuevas tecnologías. Considerando que los beneficios potenciales de las cadenas de valor globales para los países en desarrollo están bien documentados, los estudios que se ocupan del impacto en los países en vías de desarrollo son escasos. El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar los principales retos y oportunidades que se derivan de la inserción de los pequeños agricultores en las cadenas de valor globales. El artículo sugiere que los pequeños agricultores se enfrentan a desafíos y oportunidades para el desarrollo dentro del mercado globalizado actual. Asimismo, se propone un modelo para la inserción sostenible y competitiva que pueda ser puesto en práctica, dado que aspectos como la educación, el acceso a la tecnología, el acceso a las finanzas, el apoyo a las políticas y la innovación pueden contener la clave para convertir una crisis en una oportunidad.

 

Abstract

Global value chains often represent an option for local firms and suppliers in developing countries to get access to high-value markets and new technologies. Whereas the potential benefits from global value chains for medium-income developing countries are well documented, the studies dealing with the impact on low-income countries are scarce. The  objective of the article is to analyze the main challenges and opportunities derived from the insertion of small farmers in global value chains.The article suggests that small farmers are intertwined between both challenges and opportunities for development in this globalized market, nonetheless a model for sustainable and competitive insertion can be placed under consideration since aspects like education, access to technology, access to finance, policy support, and innovation can hold the key for turning a crisis into an opportunity.