bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of home blood pressure monitoring in resistant hypertension
Authors: Kim Hyue Mee , Shin Jinho
Published: January 2023

The definition of resistant hypertension (RHT) has been updated to include failure to achieve target blood pressure (BP) despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, renin-angiotensin system blockers, and calcium channel blockers, prescribed at the maximum or maximally tolerated doses, or as success in achieving the target blood pressure but requiring ≥4 drugs. RHT is a major clinical problem, as it is associated with higher mortality and morbidity than non-RHT. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately identify RHT patients to effectively manage their disease. Out-of-clinic BP measurement, including home BP monitoring and ambulatory BP monitoring is gaining prominence for the diagnosis and management of RHT. Home BP monitoring is advantageous as it is feasibly repetitive, inexpensive, widely available, and because of its reproducibility over long periods. In addition, home BP monitoring has crucial advantage of allowing safe titration for the maximum or maximally tolerable dose, and for self-monitoring, thereby improving clinical inertia and nonadherence, and allowing true RHT to be more accurately identified.
Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults
Authors: Shim Sun Young , Jung Sun Jae , Kim Seung Up , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: January 2023

Background

The association between cardiovascular risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well established, but whether cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is associated with NAFLD had not been fully studied. Thus, we examined the association between CVH metrics and NAFLD in the middle-aged Korean population.

Methods

We used data of 2,928 (851 men and 2,077 women) participants aged 30–64 years from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center study. CVH metrics were measured using a modified version of Life’s Simple 7 by the American Heart Association. NAFLD diagnosis was based on the fatty liver index or liver-to-spleen ratio on computed tomography. A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between CVH metrics and NAFLD.

Results

In the cross-sectional analysis, the odds ratio for NAFLD was lower in participants with ideal CVH (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.18), while it was higher in individuals with poor CVH (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.13–3.86). Similarly, the risk of new-onset NAFLD was lower in participants with ideal CVH (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11–0.74), and higher in individuals with poor CVH (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 0.50–9.72) in the longitudinal analysis of a subgroup.

Conclusions

Ideal CVH was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD while poor CVH was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. These findings suggest that making efforts to encourage people to manage their CVH to the ideal level may prevent and manage NAFLD.
Multiple Vessel Compression of the Trigeminal Nerve Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Trigeminal Neuralgia After Microvascular Decompression
Authors: So Raymond J. , Kalluri Anita L. , Zhu Stanley , Materi Joshua , Nair Sumil K. , Lim Michael , Huang Judy , Bettegowda Chetan , Xu Risheng
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Whether the total number of compressive vessels in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) affects outcomes after microvascular decompression (MVD) is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate whether the number of compressive vessels is associated with outcomes after MVD.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed all patients with TN who underwent MVDs at our institution from 2007 to 2020. The number and identity of compressive vessels on the trigeminal nerve were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative pain and numbness Barrow Neurological Institute scores were compared. Factors associated with pain recurrence were assessed using survival analyses and multivariate regressions.

RESULTS:

We identified 496 patients with a single vessel and 381 patients with multiple vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve. Compared with patients with a single compressive vessel, patients with multiple sources of compression exhibited increased Barrow Neurological Institute pain scores preoperatively (P = .01). In addition, pain recurrence was more frequent (P < .001) and occurred after a significantly shorter pain-free duration (P < .001) for the multiple compression group. Using multivariate ordinal regression, a greater number of arteries (P = .03) and veins (P = .03) were both significantly associated with higher pain scores at final follow-up. Furthermore, the number of arteries (P = .01) and of veins (P = .01) was significantly associated with a higher risk for pain recurrence.

CONCLUSION:

TN patients with a single compressive vessel exhibited better pain outcomes after an MVD. Patients with multiple compressive vessels exhibited higher pain scores preoperatively and incurred a higher risk for pain recurrence, which occurred after a shorter pain-free interval compared with the single compression cohort.
Identification of Deep Cervical Fascial Layers During Anterior Cervical Spine Exposure
Authors: Lee Seung Jin , Archang Maani , Tubbs Shane , Riew K. Daniel , Janus Jeffrey R. , Clifton William
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Anterior approaches to the cervical spine are among the most common exposures by which neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons access the prevertebral space and ultimately the cervical disk and vertebral bodies. There is a paucity of literature describing the microanatomic fascial planes of the neck with respect to anterior cervical approaches.

OBJECTIVE:

To delineate the microanatomic connections of the cervical fascial planes pertinent to anterior cervical exposure.

METHODS:

Using a cadaveric model, original illustrations, the Visible Human Project, and an original surgical video, we demonstrate a stepwise method for identifying the correct planes for anterior cervical exposure.

RESULTS:

A step-by-step method for identifying the anterior cervical fascial planes intraoperatively is demonstrated.

CONCLUSION:

A comprehensive understanding of anterior cervical microsurgical anatomy is vital for performing a methodical yet efficient approach to the prevertebral space while minimizing retraction and iatrogenic injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.
Sentinel Lymph Node Procedure in Pediatric Patients with Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, or Sarcoma Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with Indocyanine Green: A Feasibility Trial
Authors: Jeremiasse Bernadette , van Scheltinga Cecilia E. J. Terwisscha , Smeele Ludwig E. , Tolboom Nelleke , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , van der Steeg Alida F. W.
Published: January 2023

Background

Standard sentinel lymph node procedure (SNP) in pediatric cancer consists of a preoperative injection with 99mtechnetium nanocolloid in combination with an optional intraoperative injection with blue dye. However, blue dye has disadvantages, and the detection rate is low, with only 60% of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) staining blue. In adult oncology, fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has been shown to be a safe and accurate method for visual detection of SLNs, with a higher sensitivity (up to 97%) compared with blue dye. Therefore, our aim is to determine the feasibility of the addition of ICG to 99mtechnetium nanocolloid (ICG–TC) for visual detection of SLN in pediatric patients.

Methods

A total of 15 pediatric patients with melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcoma were prospectively included. Preoperatively, patients were injected with ICG–TC and imaging with lymphoscintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography– computed tomography was performed. Intraoperatively, SLN was detected with fluorescence and the gamma probe. Postoperatively, fluorescence was quantified by tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) and surgeons evaluated the use of ICG using a standardized questionnaire.

Results

In 10/15 (67%) patients, SLNs were visible transcutaneously. Of all intraoperatively detected SLNs, 35/37 (95%) were fluorescent and 37/37 (100%) were radioactive. Furthermore, ICG–TC led to the identification of six additional SLNs as compared with preoperative imaging. The median TBR in vivo was 6.5 (IQR 5.3). The surgical evaluation showed that ICG assisted in SLN detection and was easy to use.

Conclusions

ICG–TC for the SNP is a feasible procedure in pediatric patients. It showed an accurate detection rate, was helpful for visual guidance, and no adverse events occurred.
Application of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilium in cattle in Lorestan province, Iran
Authors: Noaman V , Beiranvand M-H
Published: January 2023

Anaplasmosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma species in cattle and other ruminants. This study aimed to determine the leukocytotropic species of bovine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma bovis and A. phagocytophilium) among cattle of Lorestan province, Iran using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Two hundred blood samples were taken from the jugular vein from healthy cattle, randomly. The extracted from DNA blood cells was screened using the universal primers, which amplify a DNA fragment (1468bp) from the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma. The PCR products from positive samples were examined for A. bovis and A. phagocytophilium 16S rRNA gene by species-specific nPCR. Out of the 200 cattle examined, 10 (5%) and 4 (2%) were found nPCR positive for A. bovis and A. phagocytophilium, respectively. No morulae were observed in the blood smears and clinical signs were not seen in infected cattle. Findings in the present study corroborate the low infection rate of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum in Lorestan province, Iran. Identifying interaction among animal reservoirs, vectors, and pathogens in different climatic zones in Iran are necessary to be performed in future investigations.
Prevalence, Characterization and PFGE profiles of multidrug resistance extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strains in animal-derived food products from public markets in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Cebeci T
Published: January 2023

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased markedly in recent years, which has currently posed a major challenge in antimicrobial treatments  and raised concerns regarding possible transfer of such bacteria through the food chain. The aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in milk, cheese and meat samples and to determine their virulence, pathotype, serotype, antibiotic resistance and genetic relatedness. A total of 300 food samples  were purchased from public markets in different districts of Giresun city. Five (1.6%) of 300 food samples resulted positive for ESBL-producing E. coli isolation. β-Lactamase-encoding genes of the CTX-M (20%), TEM (40%), and SHV (20%) groups were detected singly or in combination. Five ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further analysed for the presence of virulence genes. Virulence factor genes detected were hlyA (20%), ehlyA (20%), iutA (60%), iucD (40%), fimH (100%), kpsMTII (100%) and traT (100%). Of 130 E.coli isolates, 5 ESBL-producing E. coli strains (totally 3.8%) were isolated, including 3 EHEC (60%). No EIEC, ETEC, EPEC, DAEC or EAggEC3  was detected. In PCR, three stx2 (60%) and one flicH7 (20%) encoding genes were found in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. In addition, genes encoding Shiga toxins were detected in 3 of 5 isolates, three isolates (60%) encoded O128 serotype.The antibiotic susceptibility test of positive isolates showed resistant to cefuroxime, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin, streptomycin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ampicillin and trimethoprim. Most of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed 80% MDR phenotypes against at least four classes of antibiotics. Specific-PCR detection of antibiotic resistance genes showed the prevalence of the tetA gene in most of the isolates (80%), followed by dfrA, qnr, aadA1 and sul1. PFGE results show that the isolates from different districts presented no clonal relatedness. This is the first report of the characteristics of multidrug resistance ESBL-producing shigatoxigenic E. coli  in dairy and meat products in a local city in Turkey. Our findings indicate that dairy and meat products could be reservoirs of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli strains that were possessed several virulence factors and may be a cause of concern for human health.
Again and Always: Intertextuality outside of Postmodernism
Authors: Radchenko Simon
Published: January 2023

Intertextuality became one of the most popular and important terms in the culture of the 20th century. It is usually considered in connection with postmodernism and its ironic nature. Contemporary writing is still intertextual, though far from being postmodern. Moreover, even some medieval texts appear to operate intertextual tools systematically. The article presents examples of intertextuality in different novels from both the pre-postmodern and post-postmodern worlds, and searches for a possible explanation for this phenomenon through methodical solutions that would improve our understanding of intertextuality in the frame of literature analysis. It shows that different features of intertextual writing should be carefully considered in the frame of post-postmodern literature and questions the accuracy of our approach to discussing cultural process.
REJOINDER TO KINSELLA ON OWNERSHIP AND THE VOLUNTARY SLAVE CONTRACT
Authors: Block Walter
Published: January 2023

Kinsella (2022) separates selling from ownership. He denies the claim that if you can’t sell it, you don’t (fully) own it. He rejects the notion that if you fully own it, you can sell it. He also rejects voluntary slavery and specific performance contracts. The present paper is an attempt to defend both claims. Does this debate between Kinsella and I have any practical consequences? Certainly not vis a vis the voluntary slave issue. That can only have theoretical implications for the establishment and refinement of libertarian theory. But the specific performance issue does have some. Suppose a doctor, during a surgical operation, decides to walk out of the operating room right in the midst of this procedure, leaving the patient to die. Can he or can he not be compelled, with the full force of the law, to get back on the job? Or may a guard forcibly prevent the quit right at the moment of danger? These are some of the issues explored in the present paper.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND UKRAINE-RUSSIA WAR ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
Authors: Cekerevac Zoran , Bogavac Milanka
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a series of disruptions in production and transportation. After the reduction in mortality from COVID-19, trade, and tourism began to accelerate sharply, which resulted in increased demand, primarily for air transport. And then, there came a special intervention of Russia in Ukraine. During the ongoing intervention, the transport infrastructure in Ukraine was damaged significantly. The EU actively joined the war and adopted a series of sanctions to undermine Russian economic and financial ability to wage war. That led to the closure of the EU airspace for Russian aircraft, the closure of the EU ports to Russian ships, the banning of Russian transport operators, and bans on the export of goods and technology to the aviation, maritime, and space sectors. Pipeline transport is also under attack. The United States and several countries introduced similar bans. The sanctions caused a backlash and also affected transport in the EU, leading to difficulties in traffic, gas, and oil supply. Western airlines also cannot fly to or through Russia. Bottlenecks emerged in supply chains and the need to bypass traditional routes. That increased travel time and costs significantly. Transport companies faced restrictions from both the the Western countries and the Russian Federation. In connection with the 'special' operations in Ukraine and the Western sanctions, the transport situation in the Russian Federation has also deteriorated significantly. This paper will not deal in detail with the causes of crises but their effects on transport.
THE BENEFITS OF INCOME INEQUALITY
Authors: Drumm Amber , Block Walter
Published: January 2023

In this essay, we maintain that income inequality has positive effects on the economy. This is so because it leads to an increased quality of life, decreases poverty, and maintains the freedom of the individual. For all too many people, even experts who really should know better, reducing income inequality is the best, perhaps, even, the only, way to reduce poverty. We take the diametric opposite position: as Smith (1776) saw so clearly, a necessary and sufficient condition for increasing the “wealth of nations” is via adherence to private property rights, the rule of law, and free enterprise. To say this is a contentious claim would be an understatement of the year. However, the present essay is an attempt to help right the balance in this important debate. All men of good will wish to wrestle poverty to the ground; the main disagreement concerns the appropriate and efficacious means to that end.
LEAN APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL LABORATORY PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: Islam Touhidul
Published: January 2023

Lean literature suggests that the attitude of “wait and see” has not yet allowed textile professionals to adopt Lean in production, especially in the laboratory. To fill this gap, the author illustrated a case study in a chemical laboratory of a renowned knit composite industry in Bangladesh. A team of textile and industrial engineers observed all processes in the laboratory from start to end for two years to detect problems and then conducted four brainstorming sessions with Lean experts to generate solutions to those issues which are finally presented for capacity improvement through dyeing machines’ capacity optimization, lead time evaluation, lab room temperature optimization, facility layout redesign, quick worksheet preparation, and workplace organization. This study proves that Lean applies to any process improvement. Also, data obtained in this research is highly valuable for textile engineers for future research and readily available for Value Stream Mapping.
FRAMEWORK FOR SUCCESSFUL PROBLEM-SOLVING IN LEAN: A FOCUS GROUP RESEARCH IN MALAYSIAN AUTOMOTIVE
Authors: Islam Touhidul
Published: January 2023

From household issues to complex organizational cases, problem-solving is a common but critical matter in our life. Organizations have tried to harness maximum benefit from lean, but evidence of implementing problem-solving principles is rare. This study intends to emphasize on importance and expose the highly influencing success factors to establish continuous problem-solving and learning in any organization with the example of an automotive industry case in Malaysia. A list of elements of problem-solving principles of lean and another for success factors to implement lean has been compiled through a comprehensive review of contemporary literature. Then a focus group of sixteen professional experts selected meticulously from a reputed Malaysian Automotive industry thoroughly discussed the subject matter in group meetings to get their judgments based on experience and shared knowledge. The approach of grading success factors at the element level of principles of lean is an added methodology to the existing knowledge, and the results of highly influencing success factors for the implementation of elements of principles of problem-solving in lean is a new and helpful insight for organizational leaders and researchers. The author assumes this research may take lean implementation to the next level of success. Modern organizations must build lean problem-solving culture by motivating and empowering management employees who have process-level understanding and are accountable with different metrics. The key to success also depends highly on operators’ inclusiveness and managing their reactions to change. Both management and process workers must drive lean as a team.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES IN FINANCIAL RISKS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Miljkovic Ljubomir
Published: January 2023

Financial derivatives are financial instruments whose price is derived from the basic financial instruments' prices. They represent derivative financial instruments created based on the existence of primary instruments, such as shares, bonds, stock market indices, or other forms of assets. It is precisely the benefit of using derivatives that point to their basic function. The primary function refers to risk protection and reduction of exposure to some instruments, markets, currencies, countries, regions, and others. In this case, we are talking about derivatives for hedging investments or currency positions. Those positions are taken on financial markets in specific instruments or currencies. Likewise, exposure to certain entities that issue financial instruments can be replaced or reduced to reasonable or prescribed measures by using derivatives. Derivatives offer a significant advantage: risks are transferred when they are used. Market and price risks of the underlying asset are contractually transferred to the financial derivative through the contract design. Of course, derivative financial instruments also have disadvantages. For example, there is a risk of total loss for some. The research subject in this paper is the role of financial derivatives, derived financial instruments, and their role in financial risk management. In this paper, the author emphasizes the basic types and characteristics of financial derivatives, their benefits, and the risks market participants may face if they use the derivates.
ADDRESSING AIR POLLUTION THROUGH PROPERTY RIGHTS AND NUISANCE LAW
Authors: Ritter Dylan , Block Walter
Published: January 2023

Our thesis is that the best way to deal with the challenge of air pollution is based on private property rights and nuisance law. In this perspective, pollution of the air is akin to trespass, not a negative externality or external diseconomy. Thus, pollution of the air is not an instance of a market failure. Rather, the opposite is the case: it constitutes government failure. The government has taken on the role of protecting the environment by quelling air pollution. It has done so by implementing a plethora of regulations, requirements, and prohibitions. These have been deemed necessary since the government first began its efforts in this regard by eliminating the legal possibility of suing those who emitted pollution into the air and were thus guilty of trespass. In other words, the government first disallowed the free enterprise way of solving the problem; when pollution continued, they blamed the very institution they had prohibited from operating in the first place for the problem. Then, they instituted a “solution” that would not have been needed had they not proscribed the free enterprise resolution. What should now occur? We should “turn back the clock” to what would have naturally occurred did the state not become involved: allow the victims of pollution trespass to sue for damages.
KEY IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE WELL-BEING OF THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Todorova Daniela , Georgieva Bistra
Published: January 2023

Digitalization implies the continuous adoption and use of digital technologies in social and human activities. That process requires significant changes and forces people to use digital technologies during and after digital transformation. Digitalization promotes process management, optimizes public space, and brings practical benefits to all. The fast development of digital technologies is undoubtedly responsible for many positive effects on human life in all aspects - education, professional realization, everyday life, and progress in all areas of human activity. However, the excessive use of digital technologies, like the use of any other good beyond what is necessary and sufficient for the goals of a specific activity, has accentuated the negative effects. They become especially visible during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of digital overload and excessive use of information and communication technologies, we observed a significant decline in communication skills and capacity for live communication. That inevitably affects the atmosphere within the organization and the communication of organizations with their employees, clients, counterparties, and partners. This article talks about the most significant impacts of digital technologies and their impact on the comfort of the work environment.
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND INTERNATIONAL MORPHEMES
Authors: Osetrova Olga I. , Khusainova Daria V.
Published: January 2023

Globalization, active internalization and progress in technology have intensified the impact that American English has over national languages. The impact can be seen in borrowing a big amount of computer-mediated communication (CMC) lexis from the English language. The processes mentioned need description and explanation which makes the article relevant.

Materials and methods. Works concerning different aspects of lexical borrowing and peculiarities of CMC words are mentioned. CMC lexis derived from international morphemes is studied in the article. Qualitative evaluation, description and generalization are used in the study.

Results. Three main groups of CMC lexis are distinguished: 1) computer terms directly borrowed from English by national languages, 2) general technical terms, 3) words of general lexis. Words of the two latter groups are often “internal” borrowings, that is they are metaphorised international words having been adapted by the Russian language to be used in other fields. These lexemes are derived with the use of the native mechanisms of the Russian language though in a manner similar to that of their English equivalents.

Practical implications. Results of the study can be used in teaching Lexicology, Cross-cultural communication and in translation practice.
LEXICAL AND PRAGMATIC MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING THE ATTENTION STRATEGY IN GERMAN ENTERTAINMENT DISCOURSE
Authors: Dubskikh Angelina I. , Butova Anna V. , Kisel Olesya V.
Published: January 2023

Background. For many decades, the attention of researchers has been riveted to the phenomenon of discourse. Its subjects, key functions and concepts were considered. The grounds for discourse typology were identified. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the communicative environment of German entertainment discourse is little researched, and the need for a more detailed analyzing of its constitutive features and strategies.

Purpose of this study is to describe lexico-semantic and syntactic means, verbs of various types, used to implement the attention strategy in German entertainment discourse.

Materials and methods. The material of this study was the “star” interviews texts posted on the websites of the German publications “Der Spiegel” and “Die Zeit”. The methods of continuous sampling and generalization, as well as the method of semantic analysis, were used in the work.

Results. The entertainment attraction, their ability to diversify people’s lives, contributed to the modification, modernization and continuity of many traditions and customs. The paper deals with the types and genres of entertaining discourse, its subjects, and the originality of communicants’ conversation. It is emphasized that one of the most frequent strategies used by participants in the entertainment discourse is the attention strategy. This strategy is implemented through a set of specific constructions (“ich bin / war”; “ich habe / ich habe nicht”; “mein, meine” plus a character trait), verbs of various types (“mögen”, “lieben”; “können”), lexico-semantic and syntactic techniques.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in lectures on stylistics, pragmatics, imagology.
METHODS TO TRANSLATE REALIA IN CHINESE-LANGUAGE NOVELS INTO ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
Authors: Maslakhova Alina B. , Baimuratova Ulyana S.
Published: January 2023

Background. The cultural reforms at the end of the 20th century in China opened to the world a whole variety of genres of Chinese short stories, as well as science fiction and historical fiction. Thanks to the Internet, they are gaining popularity at the present stage of literature formation, expanding the range of genres of online works with new types such as xianxia, xuanhuan, wuxia, which are rich in lexemes that denote the realia of Chinese culture and are of interest to translators.

Purpose. The article considers the stratum of equivalent-free vocabulary and reveals a variety of ways to translate realia from Chinese into English and Russian

Materials and methods. The research material comprises the popular Chinese short stories of the xianxia genre by the writers Mo Xiang Tong Xiu “Mo Dao Zu Shi” (also known as “The Untamed”), published by Jinjiang Literature City online publishing house (晋江文学城), 2015-2016, and the short story “Divine Doctor: Daughter of the First Wife” by Mo Shu Liu, published by Motie (磨铁图书), 2015. The material was analyzed using the continuous sampling and content analysis method, as well as the lexical-semantic and translation analysis.

Results. In this article the authors reviewed the scientific definition of the term “realia”. They also analyzed a new genre of Chinese online literature (xianxia) as one of the rapidly gaining popularity. Examples of realia from two online novels were classified according to the typology by four principles of division (subject, local, temporal, translational). It is defined that the indicated division of analyzed realia while translating them from Chinese into Russian and English manifested itself in creating a neologism, which results in preservation of content and flavor of the translated realia, as well as the descriptive, approximate and contextual types of translation.

Practical implications. The practical usefulness of the results of the study consists in the possibility of replenishing the cross-cultural dictionary of Chinese realia with new lexemes and their interpretation in Russian and English, in the use of the analyzed lexemes when compiling the trilingual corpus for linguists, philologists, literary scholars to work with.
ABBREVIATION IN THE TERMINOLOGY ON THE MATERIAL OF LEGAL ENGLISH
Authors: Efremova Elena P. , Lazutkina Elena V. , Ratueva Olga N.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of using abbreviations relevant for professional terminology. After studying various definitions of the concept of “abbreviation” and “abbreviation” the authors give examples of the usage of these techniques in legal English.

Aim of the study. This study is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “abbreviation” in legal English terms.

Materials and methods. The research material was the legal terminology of the English language. The methods of scientific research are the method of theoretical analysis, descriptive and comparative methods.

Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the concepts of “abbreviation”, “abbreviation” and “acronym”. The study brings out that the most commonly used abbreviations are initial ones, and most abbreviations are used for speech resources saving.

Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in teaching students written and oral translation from English into Russian and from Russian into English.
TEXTS CONTAINING TRANSLATION PROBLEMS FOR THE TRANSLATION COMPETENCES FORMATION
Authors: Akasheva Tatiana V. , Rakhimova Nuria M.
Published: January 2023

Background. The article is devoted to the actual problem of improving the quality of translators’ training in accordance both with the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ requirements and the new professional translator standard.The article presents the didactic principles of teaching translation developed by K. Nord in the framework of the scopos theory, as well as defines the criteria for selecting educational texts with the inclusion of translation problems.

Purpose. To determine the criteria for selecting texts for teaching translation within the framework of didactic principles developed by Ch. Nord.

Materials and methods. The main research methods are the analysis of the scientific literature of Russian and foreign scientists on the problem, the theoretical analysis of works on the issues under study, observation, analysis of texts and generalization of experience.

Research results. In the course of the study, based on their own translation experience and based on the didactic principles of K. Nord, the criteria for selecting educational texts for translation were determined, including pragmatic, conventional, linguistic, and normative problems.

Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in teaching students to translate from German into Russian.
STRATEGIES FOR TRANSLATING THE METAPHORS IN THE QUR’AN INTO ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
Authors: Albearmany Sarmad M.O.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the comparative study of several translations (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali, Abu-Adel and E.R. Kuliyev) of the Quran by the example of the translation of the metaphor “Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa”.

The purpose of the study is to identify solutions to the most difficult problems for the translator of cross-cultural translatability of the text, the correlation of figurative structures of Arabic, Russian and English.

Materials and methods. The research material was the original text of the Holy Quran, namely the metaphor “Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa”, and its translations into English (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali) and Russian (Abu-Adel, E.R. Kulieva). The methods of scientific research are the method of theoretical analysis, descriptive and comparative methods.

The result of the study is the classification of translations of the Quranic metaphor “Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa” into Russian (Abu-Adel, E.R. Kuliyev) and English (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali). The basis of the classification is the methods of translation of P. Newmark’s metaphor, used by the authors in the process of translating the text under study into English / Russian.

Practical implications. The obtained research results can be applied by researchers in the field of theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, stylistics and interpretation of text, linguoculturology and axiological linguistics.
FEATURES OF THE FRAME ‘GREEN ECONOMY’ IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Vigna-Taglianti Jacopo , Sidorova Elizaveta N. , Shirlina Elena N.
Published: January 2023

Background. Recently, the issues of sustainable economic development and environmentally friendly production have become an important part of the political agenda in various countries. The public image of the ‘green economy’ is formed in the political discourse, so that is where its framing takes place. However, the features of the frame ‘green economy’ in public speeches of prominent political figures have not gotten enough attention yet.

Purpose. The article examines the features of the frame ‘green economy’ in the public speeches of British prime ministers to identify its environmental and economic aspects, the degree of its specificity and its scientific character, as well as the role played in the framing process by the party membership and political views of the speakers.

Materials and methods. The research material comprises the most significant speeches of D. Cameron, T. May and B. Johnson for the years 2012-2021. Quantitative methods and discourse analysis were used to analyse the material.

Results. The research results have shown that British politicians address green economy issues in their public speeches when it suits the topic of the event. They try to present sustainable economic development as the prerogative and merit of their party, but at the same time, as a task for the entire nation. Moreover, the prime ministers rarely refer to scientific data. Quantitative analysis has shown that the environmental aspect of the green economy frame is generally more fully represented than the economic one.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in compiling a corpus and vocabulary on green economy, as well as in teaching English to economics students.
CYCLICAL TIME IN ADVERTISING TOURIST NARRATIVE
Authors: Men’shikova E. Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

Background. The study provides an analysis of cyclical time in the advertising tourist narrative. Historically, two main models of time coexist in the cultural consciousness, i.e., cyclical time and linear time. In the linguistic picture of the world, cyclical and linear time are complementary. The connection of cyclical time with cyclical phenomena of nature, the relationship of an event and time are especially relevant for the advertising tourist narrative.

Purpose. To determine the features of the functioning of cyclical time in the advertising tourist narrative.

Materials and methods. The actual material for the study was the online texts of the advertising tourist narrative. The article used a set of such research methods as continuous sampling, material analysis, descriptive.

Results. The results of the study showed that cyclic time is definite, it assumes an objective division of time segments and is directly related to events. It was revealed that the cyclic time in the texts of the advertising tourist narrative determines the development of events, and the event determines the perception of time. According to the results of analysis of practical material, the author identifies seasonal, daily and calendar types of time regulation in the advertising tourist narrative. The author comes to conclusion that the cyclicity of time structures the advertising tourist narrative as a compositionally designed communicative event.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the courses of lectures and seminars on general linguistics, lexicology and cognitive linguistics.
SYNTACTIC METHAPHOR AS ONE OF THE GRAMMATICAL EXPRESSIVENESS MEANS IN POETRY OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Chaiko Natalja N.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. This article is devoted to the consideration of the linguistic essence of syntactic metaphor as one of stylistic techniques of linguistic imagery and expressiveness, as well as the analysis of the main metaphorical structures – metaphorical phrases and metaphor sentences in the texts of German romantic poets of the 19th century. Scientific originality of the research lies in the common interest of modern linguistics in the study of stylistic expressiveness techniques as well as the lack of study on this subject.

Method or methodology of the work. The research is based on structural-descriptive, linguistic-ethical and linguistic-stylistic methods of text analysis.

Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the main type of syntactic metaphor is formed by the definitional metaphorization of adjectival and geпitive phrases, in which the expanded metaphorical translations are based on synesthesia, objectification and denaturalization. A feature of metaphorical sentences is personification and objectification. According to the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the syntactic metaphor in poetic texts expresses the subjective attitude of the poet, gives the meaning a sensual appearance, creates the effect of persuasion, emotional reaction and aesthetic expressiveness.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be used at the classes of stylistics of the German language, text interpretation, in seminars on the study of features of the language of German poetry.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF BORROWED VOCABULARY OF THE FORMATION PERIOD OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF DISEASES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Budanova Natalia A. , Kuznetsova Anjelika A. , Axenova Ekaterina D. , Skakovsky Vladimir Y.
Published: January 2023

The study complements the information about the nature of the medical term within the framework of historical terminology.

Purpose. The article discusses the linguistic features of medical borrowed terms denoting human diseases.

Materials and methods. The material was medical scientific texts on surgery and pharmacology of 1835-1899 editions. The analysis used lexico-semantic, etymological and word-formation analysis of vocabulary, a comparative method of linguistic research.

Results. The results of the study suggest that by the nineteenth century, the Russian scientific medical terminology of diseases was finally formed in the national language. The basis of the formation are lexical units of Greek-Latin origin, there were also borrowings from Polish, French, and English. Comparative analysis of terms in different languages has shown the presence of a large number of terms-internationalisms. Translated borrowings and calculus were used in the formation of terms. The study revealed the difficulty of proving the formation of terms by calculus. The analysis of medical terms revealed semantic differences in the source language and in the recipient language, which confirms: 1) the artificial nature of the formation of the terminological system, 2) the presence of national specificity of terms denoting diseases. Thus, the results of the study show that with the unity of the laws of human cognition, an individual understanding of the world picture is manifested in each language; the names of diseases formed on the basis of the national language reflect the popular understanding of diseases.

Practical implications. The factual material and conclusions of the article can be used both in terminology and in the course of medical education.
PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPTUAL OPPOSITION REALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT “VALUES” (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DICHOTOMY “US” / “THEM”)
Authors: Zdanovskaya Lidia B.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the specifics of the linquocognitive representation of the concept “VALUES” in Russian and English linguocultures. The purpose of the study is to reveal the special aspects of the conceptual opposition of the concept under study implemented on the ground of the basic dichotomy “US / THEM”. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the definition of the concept “VALUES” as an oppositive components-concept demonstrating the structured specificity of opposition.

Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the speeches of the famous Russian journalists, historians, political scientists ‒ participants on the political talk show “Who is against?” on the TV channel “Russia-1” in August 2022, as well as the publication of the Australian researcher Peter Harrison. When writing the article, the following methods were used: conceptual analysis including juxtaposition, generalization, interpretation of the representatives of the studied concept, comparison and collation, lexical-semantic analysis of dictionary definitions, contextual analysis.

Results. As a result of the study, a level (explicit-implicit) representation of opposition of the concept VALUES in the Russian and English language spaces has been established on the example of the basic opposition “US / THEM”.

Conclusions. In the author’s opinion, the distinctive features of the opposition subjects “US / THEM” regulate their categorical fixing on the ground of the basic evaluation model of this dichotomy.
TRANSLATION COMPETENCE AS COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Ladonina Elena Yu. , Sytina Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2023

Background. The article considers and analyzes the main modern requirements for the professional training of these students at the level of FSES 3++ and needs of the labor market for the occupations corresponding to International Relations under the modern social conditions.

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to model the process dealing with the translation competence formation of the bachelor students in International Relations. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the foreign language professional communicative competence (IPCC) components.

Materials and methods. The main research methods used are the methods of scientific description (the study of specialized literature, its systematization and interpretation) and experimental methods of study (the identification of the competence formation model stages and its implementation).

Results. The paper reveals the concept of translation competence and its components. The language training of the bachelor students in International Relations at the undergraduate stage without thorough translation competence formation and training in written translation skills is not very productive. The ways to solve the problem are seen in the highlighting of stages in the model of the translation competence formation of the students in International Relations. This implies the underlining of two levels: 1) basic level – teaching students to translate educational texts on the main educational programs; 2) professional level – a training course in the translation of professionally oriented texts as part of implementation of the additional education program “Translator in the field of professional communication”.

Practical implications. The result of the study is to practice the translation competence formation model in the course of foreign language training for students in International Relations taking into account these two levels.
NATIVE RUSSIAN SPEAKERS’ SPEECH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT AS A RESPONSE TO MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Ozturk Lira I. , Fayzullina Elmira F.
Published: January 2023

Rationale is the search for an answer to the question that concerns many today, whether it is possible to ensure the security of the individual and the state as a whole by means of language in a communicative space filled with threats of a different nature.

The aim of the study is to prove that raising of speech culture level as an extremely relevant field of knowledge and a sphere of practical competences in the face of new challenges of modernity should become the subject of closer comprehension not only of specialists but also of the native speakers of the Russian language, since the contemporary speech is one of the components of national well-being.

Materials and methods. The data used are works on the culture of speech, orthology, and communicativism, legislative acts, as well as various linguistic factual materials inherent in modern discourse. The analysis was carried out by means of descriptive, stylistic, statistical, and contextual methods; the study of the factual material was carried out by means of observation and questioning.

Results. The results of the study showed that improving the speech culture of modern Russian speakers cannot an aim, and the approach to solving this problem is formalized and not aligned with the new reality. In the current conditions, when communicative activity becomes difficult to regulate, a special life-saving means is the speech culture of a person, often in the literal sense of the word, ensuring his or her physical survival.

Results application. The results might be applied in the course “Russian Language and Speech Culture” as well as might be useful for the teachers who teach this cycle of disciplines in institutions of higher education.