bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Transfer Rate Adjustment for Transfer Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kono Hitoshi , Sakamoto Yuto , Ji Yonghoon , Fujii Hiromitsu
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a novel parameter for transfer reinforcement learning to avoid over-fitting when an agent uses a transferred policy from a source task. Learning robot systems have recently been studied for many applications, such as home robots, communication robots, and warehouse robots. However, if the agent reuses the knowledge that has been sufficiently learned in the source task, deadlock may occur and appropriate transfer learning may not be realized. In the previous work, a parameter called transfer rate was proposed to adjust the ratio of transfer, and its contribution include avoiding dead lock in the target task. However, adjusting the parameter depends on human intuition and experiences. Furthermore, the method for deciding transfer rate has not discussed. Therefore, an automatic method for adjusting the transfer rate is proposed in this paper using a sigmoid function. Further, computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method to improve the environmental adaptation performance in a target task, which refers to the situation of reusing knowledge.
Scenarios of Lifetime Extension Algorithms for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: J. Majid Amir
Published: December 2020

An Algorithm to extend sensor lifetime and energy is implemented for different scenarios of ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. The goal is to prolong the lifetimes of sensors, covering a number of targeted zones by creating subsets of sensors, in which each subset covers entirely the targeted zones. Probabilistic analysis is assumed in which each sensor covers one or more targets, according to their coverage failure probabilities. Case studies of different sensor subsets arrangements are considered such as load switching, variable target load demands as well as a perturbation in sensor planner locations.
Hybrid Chaotic Method for Medical Images Ciphering
Authors: Ali Ebrahim Seham Muawadh
Published: December 2020

Healthcare is an essential application of e-services, where for diagnostic testing, medical imaging acquiring, processing, analysis, storage, and protection are used. Image ciphering during storage and transmission over the networks used has seen implemented using many types of ciphering algorithms for security purpose. Current cyphering algorithms are classified into two types: traditional classical cryptography using standard algorithms (DES, AES, IDEA, RC5, RSA, ...) and chaos cryptography using continuous (Chau, Rossler, Lorenz, ...) or discreet (Logistics, Henon, ...) algorithms. The traditional algorithms have struggled to combat image data as compared to regular textual data. Whereas, the chaotic algorithms are more efficient for image ciphering. The Significancecharacteristics of chaos are its extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and algorithm parameters. In this paper, medical image security based on hybrid/mixed chaotic algorithms is proposed. The proposed method is implemented using MATLAB. Where the image of the Retina of the Eye to detect Blood Vessels is ciphered. The Pseudo-Random Numbers Generators (PRNGs) from the different chaotic algorithms are implemented, and their statistical properties are evaluated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST and other statistical test-suits. Then, these algorithms are used to secure the data, where the statistical properties of the cipher-text are also tested. We propose two PRNGs to increase the complexity of the PRNGs and to allow many of the NIST statistical tests to be passed: one based on twohybrid mixed chaotic logistic maps and one based on two-hybrid mixed chaotic Henon maps, where each chaotic algorithm runs side-by-side andstarts with random initial conditions and parameters (encryption keys). The resulting hybrid PRNGs passed many of the NIST statistical test suits.
SVM &Ga-clustering Based Feature Selection Approach for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Priya Rashmi , Abbas Rizvi Syed Wajahat
Published: December 2020

Mortality leading among women in developed countries is breast cancer. Breast cancer is women's second most prominent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In recent decades, women's high prevalence of breast cancer has risen dramatically. This paper discussed several data analysis methods used to detect breast cancer early. Breast cancer diagnosis distinguishes benign and malignant breast lumps. Using data processing tools, we tackled this disease analysis. Data mining is an important step of library discovery where intelligent methods are used to detect patterns. Several clinical breast cancer studies were conducted using soft computing and machine learning techniques. Sometimes their algorithms are easier, easier, or more comprehensive than others. This research is focused on genetic programming and machine learning algorithms to reliably identify benign and malignant breast cancer. This study aimed to optimise the testing algorithm. We used genetic programming methods to choose classification machines' best features and parameter values. Data mining is an important step of library discovery where intelligent methods are used to detect patterns. We are analysing data accessible from the U.C.I. deep-learning data set in Wisconsin. In this experiment, we equate four Weka clustering strategies with genetic clustering. A comparison of results reveals that sequential minimal optimization (S.M.O.) is better than I.B.K. and B.F. Tree processes, i.e. 97.71%.
Life portrayed in regional novels of Hindi
Authors: Upadhyay Rakhi
Published: December 2020

The element of regionalism in Hindi novels is very old. Novels that have an
overall depiction of the life of a particular state are called regional novels.
Regional novels are often called character-oriented, While in these novels, the
focus of the author is not so much on the characters as it is about presenting the
culture of that region. That is why some people call these a novel without a
hero, and consider the region as important as hero. In the present
communication a detailed description of public life depicted in these regional
Hindi novels.
Critical study of literature written by “Kavi Ratna” Sri Sri Krishna Semwal
Authors: Nauriyal Madan Mohan
Published: December 2020

In the present communication a critical study is presented on the literature written by Sri Sri Kreshna Semwal. He has composed various poems combining his devotional expressions,satirical, eclectic, character based and emotional sources.”Bhakti Rasamritam Stuti Kavya” composed by Sri Sri Kreshna Semwal is filled with the extracts of basis devotion of indian culture. This is a unique collection of devotional songs. In this, there is an incarnation of Kavya Ras from the worship of different Gods and Goddesses. The poet has composed poetry on devotional expressions as well as on real subjects. On the one hand the poet has written the adornment of Shani, in other he tried to highlight the evil practices of the society by writing "Bhimshatakam". His composition “Indirakeertishatakam” is based on the life of former Prime Minister smt Indira Gandhi. It is tried to analyse the all faces of writings of Sri Sri Kreshna Semwal in this presentation.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Pendekatan Savi Dan Pendekatan Mekanistik Pada Materi Kubus Dan Balok Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Juwina Fitri , Amalia Yuli
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan SAVI lebih efektif dari pada pendekatan mekanistik pada materi kubus dan balok terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Meulaboh. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif sedangkan jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Meulaboh dan sampelnya adalah seluruh siswa dari kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan SAVI dan seluruh siswa dari kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan mekanistik. Sampel dari penelitian ini di ambil dengan teknik purposive sample.  Instrument penelitian yang diberikan berupa tes awal (pretest) dan tes akhir (posttest). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian ini dengan  menunjukkan bahwa skor prestasi belajar matematika siswa sesudah diberikan perlakuan lebih tinggi dari pada sebelum diberikan perlakuan dengan menggunakan pendekatan SAVI dan pendekatan mekanistik. Akan tetapi hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa Uji-t yang dilakukan terhadap hasil tes awal dan tes akhir menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil yang cukup signifikan antara siswa yang menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran SAVI dengan yang menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran mekanistik. karena = 1,68 atau = 6,42
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Peta Konsep Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Virus Di SMA
Authors: Asriani Asriani , Hera Rufa , Syamsu Fetro Dola
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The research aims to determine whether the concept map method can affect student learning outcomes in SMA 3 Seunagan. This type of research used in this research is quantitative research using sampling techniques using random sampling. The research instruments used in this study were pretest and posttest. the population in this study were all grade X students of SMA 3 Seunagan. The results show that the concept map learning method is effective on the learning outcomes of student biology on virus material in class X SMA Negeri 3 Seunagan. , 24 then Ho is accepted, so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected
 
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Apakah  metode  Peta Konsep dapat berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Seunagan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pretest dan posttest. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Seunagan. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran peta konsep efektif terhadap hasil belajar biologi siwa pada materi virus dikelas X SMA Negeri 3 Seunagan.Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil Pada perhitungan uji t untuk nilai selisih diperoleh thitung = 11,389  dengan demikian thitung > ttabel atau 11,389  > 2,24 maka Ho diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak.
Analisis Hambatan Pembelajaran Biologi Materi Jaringan Tumbuhan Dalam Pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 Di SMA
Authors: Susilawati Evi , Khausar Khausar , Hera Rufa
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine: 1) barriers to learning biology of plant tissue material in the implementation of 2013 class XI curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo; 2) factors inhibiting the learning of plant tissue biology in the implementation of the 2013 XI class curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo. This research uses qualitative. From the results of the study, there are obstacles faced by class XI teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo in the learning process of plant tissue biology in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, which are the availability of books and supporting infrastructure which are inadequate, too short training, limited use of media, and assessment is so difficult and requires a lot of time.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) hambatan pembelajaran biologi materi jaringan tumbuhan dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013 kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo; 2) faktor-faktor hambatan pembelajaran biologi materi jaringan tumbuhan dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013 kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian maka terdapat hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi guru kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Meureubo dalam proses pembelajaran biologi materi jaringan tumbuhan pada pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 adalah ketersediaan buku dan sarana prasarana pendukung yang kurang memadai, pelatihan yang terlalu singkat, penggunaan media yang terbatas, serta penilaian yang begitu sulit serta membutuhkan waktu yang banyak.
Direito Fundamental à Educação e o Amálgama das Charter Schools: análise do (des)equilíbrio entre as esferas pública e privada
Authors: Freitas Daniel Castanha de
Published: December 2020

O modelo de escolas charter, originado nos Estados Unidos da América e caracterizado pelas escolas públicas geridas por instituições privadas com maior autonomia de gestão e contratação, tem sido aos poucos importado pelo Brasil sob o argumento de qualidade e eficiência educacional. Entretanto, não obstante a sua concretização possa ser promovida pelo Estado ou pela sociedade civil, tem-se que o atual cenário privatístico culmina por interferir indevidamente em discussões exclusivamente públicas, tornando a educação pública obrigatória objeto de desejo, em uma manifestação do “bem” imputado à sociedade eficiente e bem intencionada, em detrimento do “mal” representado pelo Estado, supostamente avesso à eficiência. Nesse contexto é que reside a problemática a ser enfrentada no presente artigo, qual seja a implementação, no Brasil, das charter schools norte-americanas – e que ganham espaço no Brasil, por meio da legislação atinente às parcerias. Entretanto, a tomada de espaços públicos - o que é o caso da educação escolar pública oferecida pelas entidades federativas - por grupos organizados da sociedade civil pode representar interferência indevida na concretização de políticas de Estado consagradas pela Constituição da República, de forma a sujeitar o direito fundamental à educação aos interesses de grupos econômicos em detrimento do desenvolvimento nacional. Deve, assim, o sofisma da eficiência da esfera privada ser colocado em evidência para demonstrar a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento da relação entre Estado e sociedade civil enquanto entidades que devem apontar para o mesmo norte, o interesse público.
The impact of the ZIKA Virus on the reproductive health of Brazilian women, environmental racism and the action for Direct Control of Unconstitutionality (ADI) No. 5581
Authors: Dotta Alexandre Godoy , Tomazoni Larissa Ribeiro
Published: December 2020

Has the objective of identifying social vulnerabilities on the ZIKAV epidemic that occurred in Brazil in 2015. Search realize the main focuses of social vulnerability and possible impacts of the disease on policies for the promotion of women's reproductive health. Develops by means of the analysis of the official reports of the Ministry of the health of Brazil and of the data presented by the Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics (IBGE). Concludes by pointing to poverty and the lack of basic infrastructure services suitable for the main factor that caused the Brazilian outbreak. Describes how the disease affected mostly northeastern poor women. And weaves considerations of environmental racism and the report by the action of unconstitutionality (ADIN 5.581/2016), notably on the protection and defense of reproductive rights, especially the right to abortion.
A redemocratização investigada por meio de cartilhas do movimento Pró-participação Popular na Constituinte: Educação Política e Cultura
Authors: Neves Ozias Paese
Published: December 2020

Trata da ditadura militar de 1964, período que representa uma das facetas da cultura política autoritária da sociedade brasileira. Até a saída dos militares do governo central em 1985 se deu a partir de diversas frentes de embates, acomodações e cessões entre a elite parlamentar de oposição, a sociedade civil e o governo ditatorial. Aponta textos normativos, atores políticos e práticas do regime de 1964 persistiram no cenário político. Descreve a história político-institucional brasileira e como foi recorrente que os textos constitucionais fossem expressões da disputa político-institucional entre elites oligárquicas locais e projetos normativos centralizadores. Atenta-se especialmente no período entre 1985 e 1988, nas atuações coletivas de movimentos sociais, como o Movimento pró-Participação Popular na Constituinte (MPPC), que mobilizaram milhões de pessoas e fizeram centenas de eventos e coletaram milhões de assinaturas em emendas populares com propostas para a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). Conclui apresentando resultados parciais de pesquisa descrevendo como essa mobilização foi possível e quais instrumentos foram mobilizados.
Monitoramento eletrônico feminino: regalia de uma classe favorecida
Authors: Macedo Renata Ceschin Melfi de , Cramer Gabriela Saciloto
Published: December 2020

A partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada junto ao Núcleo de Execuções Penais da Defensoria Pública do Paraná – sede Curitiba, no período correspondente a junho de 2019 e março de 2020, procura-se questionar a visão dos operadores do direito acerca do monitoramento eletrônico como uma benesse, privilégio ou regalia aplicada a um seleto grupo em execução de pena: as mulheres. A pesquisa se presta a investigar se a concessão do monitoramento eletrônico às mulheres atende as necessidades e condições específicas dessa parcela da população carcerária ou reproduz as violências de gênero presentes no sistema prisional e arreigadas no machismo estrutural da prática judiciária.
Da invisibilidade à pavimentação dos direitos humanos LGBTQIA+: um diálogo entre as conquistas históricas e a consolidação de direitos
Authors: Silva Sandro  Gorski
Published: December 2020

Há 50 anos, a cidade americana de Nova Iorque foi palco de intensas manifestações em prol dos direitos LGBTQIA+. O evento, comumente conhecido como o “Motim de Stonewall”, inaugura o ponto de inflexão da luta pós-moderna pelo reconhecimento dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no Ocidente. Tem como referência a noite do dia 28 de junho de 1969, quando a polícia nova-iorquina, buscando dissuadir os frequentadores do bar Stonewall Inn, empregou o uso da força, gerando violência e caos na rua Christopher, no bairro Greenwich Village. Nessa perspectiva histórica, o presente artigo tem como escopo revistar as conquistas mais importantes desse cinquentenário de luta pela consolidação dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no Ocidente. Percorrer-se-á, portanto, os avanços no campo dos chamados novos direitos, como o direito à diversidade sexual e a identidade de gênero, passando também pela descriminalização e despatologização da prática sexual entre pessoas do mesmo sexo e da vivência de gênero, dentre outros. Adotando como premissa o fato de que esses direitos ainda não são efetivos para grande parcela das pessoas que compõem esse grupo minorizado, analisar-se-á na sequência como dimensionar o legado da metafísica cristã na norma jurídica e na concepção contemporânea de dignidade humana, a fim de que tal ética não se preste a fundamentar a exclusão de direitos. Por fim, estudar-se-á como a educação em direitos humanos pode ressignificar não somente o mundo jurídico, mas também a esfera de direitos e a vida concreta das pessoas, justamente por ser a plataforma e o instrumento do nosso tempo necessários ao emponderamento e emancipação das vidas humanas.
A framework for integration of artificial intelligence into digital marketing in Jordanian commercial banks.
Authors: Aladayleh Khaled
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), and digital marketing in the Jordanian banking sector. It outlines the main implications of information gathering, data modelling, and processing & delivery, as well, the importance of human communication and ethical implications. Banks need a coherent foundation when employing AI. This paper provides a theoretical background for AI developers, policymakers and marketers in the banking sector, and academics. Despite the extensive employment of artificial intelligence in numerous global and local businesses, few studies addressed the use of AI in the Jordanian banking sector. As well, AI has rapidly changed digital marketing practices, particularly in the light of the Coronavirus (COVID_19) pandemic. Banks in Jordan are oblivious to the challenges they face when integrating AI into their digital marketing services. This paper derives a general framework for integrating AI techniques into digital marketing practices in Jordanian banks. Recommendations designed to assist banks in targeting their clients more efficiently also presented in this paper.
The Effectiveness of Electronic Integrated Marketing Communications on Customer Purchase Intention of Mobile Service Providers: The mediating role of customer trust.
Authors: Sawaftah Dima
Published: December 2020

This study examines the impact of electronic integrated marketing communication (E-IMC) on customer buying intention. Furthermore, it explores the mediation effect of customer trust in the relationship between E-IMC and customer purchase intention. Empirical evidence was obtained from 277 mobile phone users in Palestine, and structural equation modeling applied. The findings of this study revealed that E-IMC positively impacts purchase intention. Further, each of E-IMC dimensions (online advertising, online sales promotion, and online relationship marketing) were also a significant predictor of purchase intention. The findings also revealed that the positive relationship between E-IMC and purchase intention is mediated by customer trust. We conclude with a theoretical contribution, managerial implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies.
Quantifying methane emissions from Queensland's coal seam gas producing Surat Basin using inventory data and a regional Bayesian inversion
Authors: Luhar Ashok K. , Etheridge David M. , Loh Zoë M. , Noonan Julie , Spencer Darren , Smith Lisa , Ong Cindy
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and a key
precursor of tropospheric ozone, itself a powerful greenhouse gas and air
pollutant. Methane emissions across Queensland's Surat Basin, Australia,
result from a mix of activities, including the production and processing of
coal seam gas (CSG). We measured methane concentrations over 1.5 years from
two monitoring stations established 80 km apart on either side of the main
CSG belt located within a study area of 350 km × 350 km. Using an inverse modelling approach coupled with a bottom-up inventory, we quantify methane emissions from this area. The inventory suggests that the
total emission is 173.2 × 106 kg CH4 yr−1, with
grazing cattle contributing about half of that, cattle feedlots ∼ 25 %, and CSG processing ∼ 8 %. Using the inventory emissions in a forward regional transport model indicates that the above sources are
significant contributors to methane at both monitors. However, the model
underestimates approximately the highest 15 % of the observed methane
concentrations, suggesting underestimated or missing emissions. An efficient
regional Bayesian inverse model is developed, incorporating an hourly
source–receptor relationship based on a backward-in-time configuration of the forward regional transport model, a posterior sampling scheme, and the
hourly methane observations and a derived methane background. The
inferred emissions obtained from one of the inverse model setups that uses a
Gaussian prior whose averages are identical to the gridded bottom-up
inventory emissions across the domain with an uncertainty of 3 % of the
averages best describes the observed methane. Having only two stations is
not adequate at sampling distant source areas of the study domain, and this
necessitates a small prior uncertainty. This inverse setup yields a total
emission of (165.8 ± 8.5) × 106 kg CH4 yr−1,
slightly smaller than the inventory total. However, in a subdomain covering
the CSG development areas, the inferred emissions are (63.6 ± 4.7) × 106 kg CH4 yr−1, 33 % larger than those from the
inventory. We also infer seasonal variation of methane emissions and examine
its correlation with climatological rainfall in the area.
Concurrent variation in oil and gas methane emissions and oil price
during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lyon David R. , Hmiel Benjamin , Gautam Ritesh , Omara Mark , Roberts Kate , Barkley Zachary R. , David Kenneth J. , Miles Natasha L. , Monteiro Vanessa C. , Richardson Scott J. , Conley Stephen , Smith Mackenzie L. , Jacob Daniel J. , Shen Lu , Varon Daniel J. , Deng Aijun , Rudelis Xander , Sharma Nikhil , Story Kyle T. , Brandt Adam R. , Kang Mary , Kort Eric A. , Marchese Anthony J. , Hamburg Steven P.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Methane emissions associated with the production, transport, and use of oil and natural gas increase the climatic impacts of energy use; however, little is known about how emissions vary temporally and with commodity prices. We present airborne and ground-based data, supported by satellite observations, to measure weekly to monthly changes in total methane emissions in the United States’ Permian Basin during a period of volatile oil prices associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. As oil prices declined from ~$ 60 to $ 20 per barrel, emissions changed concurrently from 3.4 % to 1.5 % of gas production; as prices partially recovered, emissions increased back to near initial values. Concurrently, total oil and natural gas production only declined by a maximum of ~10 % from the peak values seen in the months prior to the crash. Activity data indicate that a rapid decline in well development and subsequent effects on associated gas flaring and midstream infrastructure throughput are the likely drivers of temporary emission reductions. Our results, along with past satellite observations, suggest that under more typical price conditions, the Permian Basin is in a state of overcapacity in which rapidly growing natural gas production exceeds midstream capacity and leads to high methane emissions.
Ionospheric Response to Solar EUV Radiation Variations:
Comparison based on CTIPe Model Simulations and Satellite
Measurements
Authors: Vaishnav Rajesh , Schmölter Erik , Jacobi Christoph , Berdermann Jens , Codrescu Mihail
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS), and the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model simulated TEC have been used to investigate the delayed ionospheric response against solar flux and its trend during the years 2011 to 2013. The analysis of the distinct low and mid-latitudes TEC response over 15° E shows a better correlation of observed TEC and the solar radio flux index F10.7 in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, a significant hemispheric asymmetry is observed. The ionospheric delay estimated using model simulated TEC is in good agreement with the delay estimated for observed TEC against Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) measured flux. The average delay for the observed (modeled) TEC is 17(16) h. The average delay calculated for observed and modeled TEC is 1 and 2 h longer in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the observed TEC is compared with the modeled TEC simulated using the SOLAR2000 and EUVAC flux models within CTIPe over Northern and Southern Hemispheric grid points. The analysis suggests that TEC simulated using the SOLAR2000 flux model overestimates the observed TEC, which is not the case when using the EUVAC flux model.
Description of the uEMEP_v5 downscaling approach for the EMEP MSC-W chemistry transport model
Authors: Denby Bruce Rolstad , Gauss Michael , Wind Peter , Mu Qing , Grøtting Wærsted Eivind , Fagerli Hilde , Valdebenito Alvaro , Klein Heiko
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A description of the new air quality downscaling model –
the urban EMEP (uEMEP) and its combination with the EMEP MSC-W model (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Meteorological Synthesising Centre West) – is presented. uEMEP is based on well-known Gaussian modelling principles. The
uniqueness of the system is in its combination with the EMEP MSC-W model and
the “local fraction” calculation contained within it. This allows the uEMEP
model to be imbedded in the EMEP MSC-W model and downscaling can be carried
out anywhere within the EMEP model domain, without any double counting of
emissions, if appropriate proxy data are available that describe the spatial
distribution of the emissions. This makes the model suitable for high-resolution
calculations, down to 50 m, over entire countries. An example
application, the Norwegian air quality forecasting and assessment system, is
described where the entire country is modelled at a resolution of between
250 and 50 m. The model is validated against all available monitoring data,
including traffic sites, in Norway. The results of the validation show good
results for NO2, which has the best known emissions, and moderately
good for PM10 and PM2.5. In Norway, the largest contributor to PM,
even in cities, is long-range transport followed by road dust and domestic
heating emissions. These contributors to PM are more difficult to quantify
than NOx exhaust emission from traffic, which is the major contributor
to NO2 concentrations. In addition to the validation results, a number
of verification and sensitivity results are summarised. One verification
showed that single annual mean calculations with a rotationally symmetric
dispersion kernel give very similar results to the average of an entire year
of hourly calculations, reducing the runtime for annual means by 4 orders
of magnitude. The uEMEP model, in combination with EMEP MSC-W model,
provides a new tool for assessing local-scale concentrations and exposure
over large regions in a consistent and homogenous way and is suitable for
large-scale policy applications.
Windstorms in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Letson Frederick W. , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Hodges Kevin I. , Pryor Sara C.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Windstorms are a major natural hazard in many countries. Windstorms during the last four decades in the U.S. Northeast are identified and characterized using the spatial extent of locally extreme wind speeds at 100 m height from the ERA5 reanalysis database. During all of the top 10 windstorms, wind speeds in excess of their local 99.9th percentile extend over at least one-third of land-based ERA5 grid cells in this high population density region of the U.S. Maximum sustained wind speeds during these windstorms range from 26 to over 43 ms−1, with wind speed return periods exceeding 6.5 to 106 years (considering the top 5 % of grid cells during each storm). The property damage associated with these storms (inflation adjusted to January 2020) is $ 24 million to over $ 29 billion. Two of these windstorms are linked to decaying tropical cyclones, three are Alberta Clippers and the remaining storms are Colorado Lows. Two of the ten re-intensified off the east coast leading to development of Nor'easters. These windstorms followed frequently observed cyclone tracks, but exhibit maximum intensities as measured using 700 hPa relative vorticity and mean sea level pressure that are five to ten times mean values for cyclones that followed similar tracks over this 40-year period. The time-evolution of wind speeds and concurrent precipitation for those windstorms that occurred after the year 2000 exhibit good agreement with in situ ground-based and remote sensing observations, plus storm damage reports, indicating that the ERA5 reanalysis data have a high degree of fidelity for large, damaging windstorms such as these. A larger pool of the top 50 largest windstorms exhibits evidence of serial clustering, but to a degree that is lower than comparable statistics from Europe.
Comparative geochemical study on Furongian–earliest Ordovician (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) felsic magmatic events in south-western Europe: underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to the opening of the Rheic Ocean
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Sánchez-García Teresa , Puddu Claudia , Casas Josep Maria , Díez-Montes Alejandro , Liesa Montserrat , Oggiano Giacomo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A geochemical comparison of early Palaeozoic felsic magmatic episodes
throughout the south-western European margin of Gondwana is made and
includes (i) Furongian–Early Ordovician (Toledanian) activities recorded in
the Central Iberian and Galicia–Trás-os-Montes zones of the Iberian
Massif, and (ii) Early–Late Ordovician (Sardic) activities in the Eastern
Pyrenees, Occitan Domain (Albigeois, Montagne Noire and Mouthoumet massifs)
and Sardinia. Both phases are related to uplift and denudation of an
inherited palaeorelief, and stratigraphically preserved as distinct angular
discordances and paraconformities involving gaps of up to 22 million years. The
geochemical features of the predominantly felsic Toledanian and Sardic activities
point to a predominance of magmatic byproducts derived from the melting of
metasedimentary rocks, rich in SiO2 and K2O and with a peraluminous
character. Zr ∕ TiO2, Zr ∕ Nb, Nb ∕ Y and Zr vs. Ga ∕ Al ratios, and rare-earth element (REE) and
εNd(t) values suggest the contemporaneity, for both phases, of two
geochemical scenarios characterized by arc and extensional features evolving
to distinct extensional and rifting conditions associated with the final
outpouring of mafic tholeiite-dominant lava flows. The Toledanian and
Sardic magmatic phases are linked to neither metamorphism nor penetrative
deformation; on the contrary, their unconformities are associated with
foliation-free open folds subsequently affected by the Variscan deformation.
The geochemical and structural framework precludes subduction-generated
melts reaching the crust in a magmatic arc-to-back-arc setting and favours
partial melting of sediments and/or granitoids in the lower continental crust
triggered by the underplating of hot mafic magmas related to the opening of
the Rheic Ocean.
Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during
COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile
Authors: Ojeda Javier , Ruiz Sergio
Published: December 2020

Abstract. On 3 March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Chile. Since then, the Ministry of Health has imposed mobility restrictions, a global policy implemented to mitigate the propagation of the virus. The national seismic network operating throughout Chile provides an opportunity to monitor the ambient seismic noise (ASN) and determine the effectiveness of public policies imposed to reduce urban mobility in the major cities. Herein, we analyse temporal variations in high-frequency ASN recorded by broadband and strong-motion instruments deployed throughout the main cities of Chile. We focus on the capital, Santiago, a city with more than 7 million inhabitants, because it is seismically well-instrumented, and has high levels of urban mobility due to work commutes inside the region. We observed strong similarities between anthropogenic seismic noise and human mobility indicators, as shown in the difference between urban and rural amplitudes, long-term variations, and variability due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings suggest that the initially implemented public health policies and the early deconfinement in mid-April 2020 in the metropolitan region caused an increase in mobility and virus transmission, where the peak in anthropogenic seismic noise coincides with the peak of the effective reproductive number from confirmed positive cases of COVID-19. These results confirm that seismic networks are capable of monitoring the urban mobility of population within cities, and we show that continuous monitoring of ASN can quantify urban mobility. Finally, we suggest to consider monitoring in real time the changes in ASN amplitudes to be included in the public policies about urban mobilities in Santiago as well as other high density cities of the world, as has been useful during the recent pandemic.
Spanish language teachers’ pedagogical beliefs in Chinese universities
Authors: Lu Xiuchuan , Zou Xiao , Tao Jian
Published: December 2020

Understanding teachers’ beliefs is critical to improving educational practice. There is a significant need for research on foreign language teachers’ pedagogical beliefs, as these can exert an influence on students’ learning outcomes. This study draws on Kember’s (1997) theorization of teaching beliefs to explore the beliefs of Spanish language teachers regarding their pedagogy in Chinese universities. Twenty teachers from the Spanish departments in eight Chinese universities were recruited as participants, and a Q-methodology analysis with supplementary interview data identified three types of pedagogical beliefs: “integrated capacity-building”, “ELE learning outcome-focused”, and “social interaction-focused”. The findings suggest that ELE teachers in China no longer subscribe to the traditional teaching methodology which places themselves at the class center, and have instead progressed along a continuum from teacher-centeredness to student-centeredness. With a novel focus on Spanish teachers’ beliefs in Chinese universities, this study provides insights into the teaching of languages other than English (LOTEs) in China, and helps to expand the methodological repertoire in the field of linguistic research.
Diferencias en las creencias sobre el aprendizaje del inglés entre estudiantes de pregrado y egresados profesionales
Authors: Díaz Larenas Claudio
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las diferencias significativas existentes entre las creencias de estudiantes de los niveles A1 al B1 sobre el aprendizaje del inglés, y las de profesionales graduados. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, con una muestra de 658 participantes. Se empleó el instrumento BALLI (Inventario de Creencias sobre el Aprendizaje de un Idioma) para obtener los datos. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes tienen una concepción del aprendizaje del inglés más comunicativa, lo consideran difícil de aprender, piensan que el habla genera mayor dificultad, perciben el vocabulario como el aspecto más esencial, y destacan la traducción y la pronunciación. Los profesionales graduados lo conciben de un modo más tradicional, lo atribuyen a una habilidad específica, lo perciben más fácil si se sabe otro idioma, consideran que la escucha es más fácil que la habilidad del habla, y no respaldaron la traducción y la corrección como estrategias.
Destruido por el fuego, conservado a lo largo del tiempo: cultivos y madera de una estructura de la Edad del Bronce Final / Primera Edad del Hierro en Vila do Touro (Sabugal, Portugal)
Authors: Tereso João Pedro , Vilaça Raquel , Osório Marcos , Da Fonte Leonardo , Seabra Luís
Published: December 2020

Las excavaciones arqueológicas en Vila do Touro detectaron una ocupación del Final de la Edad del Bronce/Primera Edad del Hierro en la destacada cumbre del monte. Se trataba de una estructura construida con materiales perecederos, sostenida por postes, y un pequeño espacio de almacenamiento sub-circular, construido en piedra. Durante el trabajo de campo se observaron abundantes restos de plantas carbonizadas en toda el área de excavación, lo que sugiere un incendio ocurrido antes del abandono del lugar, en algún momento del siglo IX a.C. El muestreo arqueobotánico permitió la recuperación de abundante madera carbonizada, así como de frutos y semillas carbonizadas. Los análisis mostraron que las estructuras se construyeron principalmente con madera de Quercus de tipo caducifolio, aunque también se usó pino. Evidencias de la supresión del crecimiento en la madera de esos árboles sugieren el manejo humano directo de los recursos de madera, lo que coincide con otras evidencias de la Península Ibérica septentrional. Además, el espacio de almacenamiento fue utilizado para guardar cereales, principalmente trigo desnudo y mijo común, pero también cebada. Estos fueron almacenados completamente procesados y listos para el consumo. También se recuperaron habas, fuera de la pequeña estructura de almacenamiento. Los resultados son similares a otros sitios del nordeste de Portugal y de la Meseta Central, pero contrastan con los poblados fortificados atlánticos donde el trigo vestido es de cultivo común. Estas diferencias entre los muestreos occidentales y orientales también reflejan las distintas características ambientales y culturales de esas zonas.
La percepción del 'paisaje sacro': peñas sagradas y santuarios en Alconétar (Cáceres) del Bronce Final a la cristianización
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín , Martín Bravo Ana María
Published: December 2020

Análisis de nuevas “peñas sacras” del territorio de Alconétar, Cáceres, en el contexto de los yacimientos conocidos desde el Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro a la Romanización. Este análisis muestra cómo se insertan los lugares sagrados en la evolución diacrónica del territorio y revela una concepción “sobrenatural” del paisaje, característica del mundo celta, basada en relaciones de intervisibilidad y en orientaciones topo-astronómicas, esencial para comprender el “paisaje sacro” en el imaginario prerromano. Esta concepción ideológica del paisaje prácticamente se ha conservado hasta la actualidad en un proceso de “larga duración”, por lo que permite documentar aspectos de la religión y de la mentalidad prerromanas que antes pasaban desapercibidos.
Las pinturas de Yrapeo: tributos y obsequios en la antigua provincia de Michoacán (1567)
Authors: Roskamp Hans
Published: December 2020

En 1566-1567, don Alonso Huapeán, gobernador de Zinapécuaro (Michoacán, Nueva España), se enfrentó a la justicia cuando miembros de su propio cabildo, otros principales y macehuales (gente común) del mismo pueblo le acusaron de ciertos abusos ante la Real Audiencia. El presente artículo aborda varias pinturas que contienen las quejas de pescadores y uhcambecha (recolectores de tributos) de dos barrios de San Mateo Yrapeo, pueblo sujeto de Zinapécuaro, quienes alegaron que Huapeán les había quitado diversos productos y había recibido servicios personales fuera de la tasación tributaria vigente y por lo tanto exigieron los pagos correspondientes. Se pone énfasis en la interesante relación entre los testimonios orales y el contenido de las pinturas.
The MSA According to Vaios
Authors: Vaiopoulos Vaios
Published: December 2020

The experience of hosting a Congress for the MSA changes a scholar's view of American scholarship, of the Mediterranean, and of Mediterranean studies. The “big size” model of MSA Congresses has brought a special meaning to the study of the Mediterranean, offering opportunities for scholars to view the region simultaneously in a tightly localized context and in the region's expansive context.
Twenty Years of Fruitful Cooperation: Spain in the MSA
Authors: Lago Ángel Felices
Published: December 2020

The role of congress host is essential to the success of MSA Congress, helping to connect the history of the venue of each congress to the organization's mission of building collegiality with scholars of the Mediterranean. The author was instrumental in planning the 2002 MSA Congress in the historic city of Granada and has continued to work with colleagues in Spain to host MSA Congresses in cities of historical importance on the Iberian Peninsula.
Going Mediterranean: A Journey to the Mediterranean Studies Association
Authors: Rosenstreich Susan L.
Published: December 2020

Mediterranean studies is often a destination for scholarship, rather than a point of departure. That is the case in this essay. At the outset of her academic career, the author sought a larger field of inquiry than her discipline could accommodate. Undeterred, she turned to curriculum development as a means of expanding disciplinary boundaries. But her interdisciplinary teaching practice isolated her from her departmental colleagues on the one hand, and met with resistance on the other hand from colleagues in other disciplines who resisted designing the shared objectives needed for good interdisciplinary programs. A chance decision to attend the first conference of the Mediterranean Studies Association introduced her to the focused approach to interdisciplinary studies that she had sought in her own work with linguistic and literary studies.
Tumbas Pre-hispánicas en el Caribe Sur de Nicaragua. ¿Diferencia de clases?
Authors: Lechado Ríos Leonardo D.
Published: December 2020

Se presentan en esta comunicación, resultados de investigación obtenidos del análisis comparativo entre dos contextos funerarios prehispánicos de periodos muy tempranos (500aC-500dC), ambos del municipio de Muelle de los Bueyes en la Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Sur (RACCS) de Nicaragua. Los resultados de estudio arqueológicos en Muelle de Los Bueyes han generado nuevas interpretaciones asociadas a prácticas socio-culturales de épocas tempranas, dándole cumplimiento al objetivo propuesto que expresaba identificar aquellos elementos simbólicos que reflejaban diferencias de clases o jerarquía social, en base en la distribución y tipo de materialidad recuperada en los contextos estudiados.
Experiencia estética, proceso creador y despliegue de la imaginación
Authors: Alvarado García Karla Nahiba
Published: December 2020

Este artículo está orientado a presentar el rol de la experiencia estética en el proceso creador de docentes de la escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas Rodrigo Peñalba. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en la teoría histórico-socio-cultural de Lev Vigotsky sobre el análisis del arte desde sus procesos en relación con la obra artística. La idea de esta propuesta es dar a conocer un conjunto de conocimientos para comprender de manera general, el mecanismo de la creación en las artes plásticas, para posteriormente describir su papel mediador en la enseñanza artística. Se plantea la necesidad de relacionar los fenómenos de experiencia estética, proceso creador con la imaginación representativa-creadora del artista; subordinadas a la emoción y necesidad subjetiva del mismo. Se presenta el desarrollo del análisis de la investigación basado en la información obtenida y un análisis de la obra de arte relacionado a la imaginación.