bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Diagnostic Classification Using DC:0-5 in Early Childhood Mental Health Clinics: The Protocol for the Developmental Psychiatry Diagnostic Challenges Study (DePsy)
Authors: Bödeker Katja , Watrin-Avino Laura M. , Martin Annick , Schlensog-Schuster Franziska , Janssen Marius , Friese Lennart , Licata-Dandel Maria , Mall Volker , Teich-Bělohradský Juliane , Izat Yonca , Correll Christoph U. , Möhler Eva , Paulus Frank W.
Published: October 2023

Mental health problems in early childhood are common, but there is a lack of psychiatric research on this age group. DC:0-5 is a multiaxial classification system for mental disorders in early childhood, providing a framework for standardizing clinical practice and research. However, research on the validity of DC:0-5 is scarce. The Developmental Psychiatry Diagnostic Challenges Study (DePsy) is a multi-site, prospective clinical study including six German early childhood mental health (ECMH) clinics. The main objective of the study is to contribute to the validation of Axis I and Axis II of DC:0-5. A second aim of the study is to describe the population of the participating clinics regarding diagnoses, family context, and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the impact of environmental risk factors, including parental Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and media use, on child psychopathology and caregiver–child relationships will be examined. Over two years, patients aged 0.0–5.9 years old will be enrolled in the study. Assessments include ICD-10 and DC:0-5 diagnoses, developmental tests, video-based observations of caregiver—child interactions, and questionnaires on child psychopathology, media use, parental stress, and treatment satisfaction. Study results will promote the standardization of assessment and treatment in ECMH clinics aiming to improve the development of patients and their families.
An Analysis of the Biotin–(Strept)avidin System in Immunoassays: Interference and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Balzer Amy H. A. , Whitehurst Christopher B.
Published: October 2023

An immunoassay is an analytical test method in which analyte quantitation is based on signal responses generated as a consequence of an antibody–antigen interaction. They are the method of choice for the measurement of a large panel of diagnostic markers. Not only are they fully automated, allowing for a short turnaround time and high throughput, but offer high sensitivity and specificity with low limits of detection for a wide range of analytes. Many immunoassay manufacturers exploit the extremely high affinity of biotin for streptavidin in their assay design architectures as a means to immobilize and detect analytes of interest. The biotin–(strept)avidin system is, however, vulnerable to interference with high levels of supplemental biotin that may cause elevated or suppressed test results. Since this system is heavily applied in clinical diagnostics, biotin interference has become a serious concern, prompting the FDA to issue a safety report alerting healthcare workers and the public about the potential harm of ingesting high levels of supplemental biotin contributing toward erroneous diagnostic test results. This review includes a general background and historical prospective of immunoassays with a focus on the biotin–streptavidin system, interferences within the system, and what mitigations are applied to minimize false diagnostic results.
Verbascoside Inhibits/Repairs the Damage of LPS-Induced Inflammation by Regulating Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Bone Remodeling
Authors: Akyer Sahika Pinar , Karagur Ege Rıza , Ata Melek Tunc , Toprak Emine Kilic , Donmez Aysegul Cort , Donmez Baris Ozgur
Published: October 2023

Osteocytes play an important role as regulators of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and some proteins that are secreted from them play a role in bone remodeling and modeling. LPS affects bone structure because it is an inflammatory factor, despite verbascoside’s potential for bone preservation and healing. Osteocytes may also be involved in the control of the bone’s response to immunological changes in inflammatory situations. MLO-Y4 cells were cultured in either supplemented -MEM alone with a low serum to inhibit cell growth or media with LPS (10 ng/mL) and/or verbascoside (50 g/mL) to show the LPS effect. In our research, LPS treatment increased RANKL levels while decreasing OPG and RUNX2 expression. Treatment with verbascoside reduced RANKL expression. In our work, verbascoside increased the expression of OPG and RUNX2. In MLO-Y4 cells exposed to verbascoside, SOD, CAT, and GSH activities as well as the expression levels of bone mineralization proteins like PHEX, RUNX2, and OPG were all elevated.
The Antihypertensive Guanabenz Exacerbates Integrated Stress Response and Disrupts the Brain Circadian Clock
Authors: Lin Hao , Naveed Muhammad , Hansen Aidan , Anthony Tracy G. , Cao Ruifeng
Published: October 2023

The circadian clock regulates a variety of biological processes that are normally synchronized with the solar day. Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with health problems. Understanding the signaling mechanisms that couple cell physiology and metabolism to circadian timekeeping will help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by the cellular stressors to maintain physiological homeostasis by orchestrating mRNA translation. Aberrant ISR has been found in a number of neurological diseases that exhibit disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep. Recent work has started to uncover a critical role for the ISR in regulating the physiology of the circadian clock. Guanabenz (2,6-dichlorobenzylidene aminoguanidine acetate) is an orally bioavailable α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that has been used as an antihypertensive for decades. Recent studies demonstrated that guanabenz can regulate the ISR. Here, we assessed the effects of guanabenz on cellular and behavioral circadian rhythms using a multidisciplinary approach. We found that guanabenz can induce the ISR by increasing eIF2α phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts as well as in the mouse brain. The hyperphosphorylation of eIF2α by guanabenz is associated with the shortened circadian period in cells and animals and the disruption of behavioral circadian rhythms in mice. Guanabenz administration disrupted circadian oscillations of the clock protein Per1 and Per2 in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master pacemaker. These results uncover a significant yet previously unidentified role of guanabenz in regulating circadian rhythms and indicate that exacerbated ISR activation can impair the functions of the brain’s circadian clock by disrupting clock gene expression.
Thalamic Stroke: An Opportunity to Study the Brain Mechanisms of Sleep–Wake and Cognition
Authors: Filchenko Irina , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Gutierrez Herrera Carolina
Published: October 2023

The thalamus, and its projections to the cerebral cortex, are crucial for regulating sleep rhythms, such as sleep spindles, and for maintaining arousal and sleep homeostasis. Moreover, they play a significant role in memory, executive functioning, and attention. Altered thalamocortical circuitry caused by vascular lesions affects sleep–wake architecture and may contribute to cognitive deficits observed in thalamic stroke patients. This review summarizes the biology of the thalamus and current knowledge regarding the impact of thalamic circuitry on sleep regulation and cognition, drawing from clinical and pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are discussed as possible therapeutic approaches targeting thalamic circuits. Understanding the role of the thalamus in sleep and cognition opens new avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve sleep and cognitive functions in affected individuals.
Future Role of Health Technology Assessment for Genomic Medicine in Oncology: A Canadian Laboratory Perspective
Authors: Husereau Don , Bombard Yvonne , Stockley Tracy , Carter Michael , Davey Scott , Lemaire Diana , Nohr Erik , Park Paul , Spatz Alan , Williams Christine , Pollett Aaron , Lo Bryan , Yip Stephen , El Hallani Soufiane , Feilotter Harriet
Published: October 2023

Genome-based testing in oncology is a rapidly expanding area of health care that is the basis of the emerging area of precision medicine. The efficient and considered adoption of novel genomic medicine testing is hampered in Canada by the fragmented nature of health care oversight as well as by lack of clear and transparent processes to support rapid evaluation, assessment, and implementation of genomic tests. This article provides an overview of some key barriers and proposes approaches to addressing these challenges as a potential pathway to developing a national approach to genomic medicine in oncology.
Can We Mathematically Spot the Possible Manipulation of Results in Research Manuscripts Using Benford’s Law?
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Gorlitsky Dan
Published: October 2023

The reproducibility of academic research has long been a persistent issue, contradicting one of the fundamental principles of science. Recently, there has been an increasing number of false claims found in academic manuscripts, casting doubt on the validity of reported results. In this paper, we utilize an adapted version of Benford’s law, a statistical phenomenon that describes the distribution of leading digits in naturally occurring datasets, to identify the potential manipulation of results in research manuscripts, solely using the aggregated data presented in those manuscripts rather than the commonly unavailable raw datasets. Our methodology applies the principles of Benford’s law to commonly employed analyses in academic manuscripts, thus reducing the need for the raw data itself. To validate our approach, we employed 100 open-source datasets and successfully predicted 79% of them accurately using our rules. Moreover, we tested the proposed method on known retracted manuscripts, showing that around half (48.6%) can be detected using the proposed method. Additionally, we analyzed 100 manuscripts published in the last two years across ten prominent economic journals, with 10 manuscripts randomly sampled from each journal. Our analysis predicted a 3% occurrence of results manipulation with a 96% confidence level. Our findings show that Benford’s law adapted for aggregated data, can be an initial tool for identifying data manipulation; however, it is not a silver bullet, requiring further investigation for each flagged manuscript due to the relatively low prediction accuracy.
Power Mobility, Supported Standing and Stepping Device Use in the First Two Years of Life: A Case Report of Twins Functioning at GMFCS V
Authors: Livingstone Roslyn W. , Chin Angela J. , Paleg Ginny S.
Published: October 2023

Mobility experience has a positive impact on activity, participation, socialisation, language and cognition, but children with cerebral palsy (CP), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V require assistive devices or assistance in all environments. Supported standing devices afford upright, weight-bearing positions to promote muscle, bone, joint and overall health. Supported stepping devices afford stepping and upright independent mobility, positively impacting self-esteem and participation, while power mobility is the only possibility for effective, independent community mobility. These devices and opportunities should be introduced at the age when children who are typically developing are pulling to stand, moving and exploring their environment. A detailed case description including lived experience and device use data is presented for female twins with dystonic tetraplegic CP born at 25 weeks gestational age and functioning at GMFCS level V. The feasibility of using power mobility, standing and stepping devices in home and community settings within the first two years is illustrated. The twins transitioned from spending 24 h in lying positions or being held in arms to spending more than 2 h daily in upright positions and having opportunities to move independently. Positioning and mobility devices can help to address all the F-words for child development: functioning, family, fitness, fun, friends and future.
Optical Interactions in Bio-Electricity Generation from Photosynthesis in Microfluidic Micro-Photosynthetic Power Cells
Authors: Kuruvinashetti Kirankumar , Tanneru Hemanth Kumar , Pakkiriswami Shanmugasundaram , Packirisamy Muthukumaran
Published: October 2023

Within the realm of renewable energy sources, biological-based power systems have emerged as pivotal players particularly suited for low- and ultra-low-power applications. Unlike microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which invariably rely on external carbon feedstock, micro-photosynthetic cells (µPSCs) exhibit a unique feature by operating independently of organic fuel. They harness the principles of photosynthesis and respiration to generate electricity in both illuminated and dark settings through water-splitting reactions. Here, we present a viable, easy, and cost-effective method to fabricate µPSCs. We meticulously examined the performance of a fabricated µPSC under varying illuminations and even in the absence of light. With an electrode surface area spanning 4.84 cm2, the µPSC achieved its peak power output of 200.6 µW when exposed to an illumination of 2 µmolm−2s−1 (equivalent to 147 lux). Of the three light intensities studied, 2 µmolm−2s−1, 8 µmolm−2s−1 (595 lux), and 20 µmolm−2s−1 (1500 lux), the µPSC exhibited its optimal performance at a light intensity of 2 µmolm−2s−1, establishing this as the ideal operational illumination. Furthermore, intermittent toggling of the illumination had no discernible impact on the µPSC’s performance. However, subjecting it to a dark environment for 30 min resulted in a reduction in the maximum power to 81 µW, marking a significant 119% decrease when compared to the peak power output achieved under 2 µmolm−2s−1 illumination.
Development of an Energy Rating Tool for Australian Existing Housing
Authors: Ren Zhengen , Jian Ai , Chen Dong
Published: October 2023

Australia aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, and its building sector needs rapid change. The Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) is supported by the Australian Government to expand the current building envelope thermal performance energy star rating to a whole-of-home (WoH) energy rating. The NatHERS Administrator supports CSIRO to develop a benchmark WoH energy rating tool for new and existing housing, respectively. The tool for new housing was released in June 2023. This study presents the tool development for Australian existing housing. A case study was conducted using the tool for the eight capital cities of Australian states and territories. It shows that with a detached house built in the 1900s being updated to six or more stars and replacing old equipment and appliances with high-energy-efficient ones, more than 50% of energy can be saved in all the eight cities. To be zero-energy (carbon) housing, 5 kW solar PV needs be installed in Darwin and Hobart, 4 kW in Melbourne and Canberra, 3.5 kW in Adelaide and Sydney, and 3 kW in Brisbane and Perth. It demonstrates that this tool can be used for housing retrofitting to be low/zero-carbon emissions and low operational cost.
Profitability of Alternative Battery Operation Strategies in Photovoltaic Self-Consumption Systems under Current Regulatory Framework and Electricity Prices in Spain
Authors: Durán Gómez Pablo , Echevarría Camarero Fernando , Ogando-Martínez Ana , Carrasco Ortega Pablo
Published: October 2023

The decreasing costs of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology have led to an exponential growth in the use of PV self-consumption systems. This development has encouraged the consideration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) as a potential means of achieving even more independence from the fluctuating grid electricity prices. As PV technology and energy storage costs continue to decline, both technologies will likely play an increasingly important role in the renewable energy sector. The profitability of batteries in PV self-consumption systems is largely influenced by the price of consumed electricity and the price at which surplus energy is remunerated. However, strategies in PV-BESS self-consumption systems typically do not take electricity prices into consideration as a variable for decision making. This study simulates and analyzes battery operation strategies that take into account electricity prices. The simulations are performed using real industrial consumption data and real electricity prices and tariffs, they cover the entire lifespan of the batteries, and include aging and degradation due to use and cycling. A techno-economic model is used to evaluate the advantages of incorporating these battery operational strategies into an actual PV-BESS system. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies enhance the savings that batteries can provide.
A Comparison of Power Take-Off Architectures for Wave-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Seawater with Co-Production of Electricity
Authors: Simmons Jeremy W. , Van de Ven James D.
Published: October 2023

Several power take-off (PTO) architectures for wave-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of seawater are introduced and compared based on the annual average freshwater production and the size of the components, which strongly relate to the costs of the system. The set of architectures compared includes a novel series-type PTO architecture not previously considered. These seawater hydraulic PTO architectures are composed of a WEC-driven pump, an RO module, an intake charge pump driven by an electric motor, and a hydraulic motor driving an electric generator for electric power production. This study is performed using an efficient two-way coupled steady-state model for the average performance of the system in a given sea state, including freshwater permeate production, electric power production, and electric power consumption. A multi-objective design problem is formulated for the purposes of this comparative study, with the objectives of maximizing annual freshwater production, minimizing the displacement of the WEC-driven pump, and minimizing the installed RO membrane area. This establishes a framework for comparison in the absence of a mature techno-economic model. The requirement that the system produces enough electric power to meet its consumption is applied as a constraint on the operation of the system. The oscillating wave surge converter Oyster 1 is assumed as the WEC. Weights on performance of the system in a given sea state are based on historical data from Humboldt Bay, CA. This study finds that (1) architectures in a series configuration allow for a reduction in the WEC-driven pump size of 59–92% compared to prior work, (2) varying the displacement of the WEC-driven pump between sea conditions does not provide any significant advantage in performance, and (3) varying the active RO membrane area between sea condition offers improvements between 7% and 41% in each design objective.
The Influence of Hydrogen on Structural and Magnetic Transformations in RMn2Hx Hydrides with Laves Phase C15 and C14 Structures—A Review
Authors: Budziak Andrzej , Szafraniec Joanna
Published: October 2023

Laves phases crystallize in simple structures and are very common intermetallic phases that can form from combinations of elements throughout the periodic table, giving a huge number of known examples. A special feature of AB2 or AB5 phases is the ability to absorb hydrogen. This study attempts to collect, systematize and summarize the knowledge about RMn2Hx (R: Tb, Gd, Ho, Dy, Er, Sm, Nd and Y) hydrides available in the literature that is mainly related to structural and magnetic transformations. Due to the enormous wealth of data, the analysis focused on hydrides with x < 4.5 H/f.u., i.e., hydrides obtained at relatively low pressure (less than a few bars). The hydrides obtained in this way can be treated as potential hydrogen stores, which undoubtedly accounts for their current attractiveness.
A Waste-to-Energy Technical Approach: Syngas–Biodiesel Blend for Power Generation
Authors: Arruda Ferraz de Campos Victor , Carmo-Calado Luís , Mota-Panizio Roberta , Matos Vitor , Silva Valter Bruno , Brito Paulo S. , Eusébio Daniela F. L. , Tuna Celso Eduardo , Silveira José Luz
Published: October 2023

In this study, a technical analysis of synthesis gas (syngas) and biodiesel blend utilized in an internal combustion engine is presented. The experimental setup is composed of an engine workbench coupled with a downdraft gasifier which was fed with forest biomass and municipal solid waste at a blending ratio of 85:15, respectively. This research paper aims to contribute to the understanding of using fuel blends composed of synthesis gas and biodiesel, both obtained from residues produced in a municipality, since the waste-to-energy approach has been trending globally due to increasing waste generation allied with rising energy demand. The experiments’ controlling parameters regarding the engine are rotation and torque, exhaust gas temperature, and fuel consumption. The gasification parameters such as the oxidation and reduction temperatures, pressures at the filter, hood, and reactor, and the volume of tars and chars produced during the thermochemical process are also presented. Ultimate and proximate analyses of raw materials and fuels were performed, as well as the chromatography of produced syngas. The syngas produced from forest biomass and MSW co-gasification at a blending ratio in mass of 85:15 presented an LHV of around 6 MJ/m3 and 15% of H2 in volume. From the experiment using syngas and biodiesel blend in the engine, it is concluded that the specific consumption at lower loads was reduced by 20% when compared to the consumption of the same engine operating with regular diesel. The development of co-gasification of forest and municipal waste may then be an interesting technology for electrical energy decentralized generation.
Disinformation Perception by Digital and Social Audiences: Threat Awareness, Decision-Making and Trust in Media Organizations
Authors: Benaissa Pedriza Samia
Published: October 2023

The effects of disinformation in the media and social networks have been extensively studied from the perspective of reception studies. However, the perception of this media phenomenon expressed by different types of audiences in distant geographic locations and with different media cultures has hardly been addressed by experts. This theoretical review study aims to analyze the relationship between the actual level of disinformation and the perception expressed by the audiences themselves. The results of the study reveal, firstly, that users of social networks and digital media do not perceive being surrounded by an excessively worrying volume of disinformation, a fact that contrasts with the data recorded, which are visibly higher. This situation reveals that the audience tends to normalize disinformation, which is intensively consumed on a daily basis and does not seem to worry the public in general terms, although some differences can be detected depending on variables such as gender, age or education. On the other hand, paradoxically, audiences visibly express rejection attitudes towards the channels that disseminate false information, with media outlets being the least trusted, despite recognizing that social networks are the place where more disinformation is generated and circulated at the same time.
Residential Segregation
Authors: Bernt Matthias , Volkmann Anne
Published: October 2023

Residential segregation refers to the disproportionate distribution of population groups across a geographical area. Groups can be segregated on the basis of any characteristic (such as occupation, income, religion, age or ethnicity) and at any geographical scale. In most cases, segregation is, however, measured with regard to residential areas of a city. The extent of the unequal distribution of selected characteristics can be expressed by different statistical measures. Sociologists, economists and demographers have long studied how social groups tend to be differentiated in residential space and developed a broad range of explanations. As a consequence, segregation has been explained by a variety of theories, which are discussed in this paper. The topics examined by empirical research include temporal dynamics, geographical patterns, societal causes and effects on life chances. This entry focuses on major conceptual facts regarding residential segregation and only marginally discusses the methodological issues connected with its measurement.
Right to Occupational Safety: Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Healthcare Workers. A 1-Year Retrospective Survey Carried out at Hospital of Lecce (Italy)
Authors: d’Ettorre Gabriele , Karaj Stela , Piscitelli Prisco , Maiorano Osvaldo , Attanasi Carmen , Tornese Roberta , Carluccio Eugenia , Giannuzzi Paolo , Greco Enrico , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , d’Ettorre Gabriella , Lobreglio Giambattista , Congedo Pierpaolo , Broccolo Francesco , Miani Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Background: Prevention of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in healthcare workers (HCWs) to ensure the “Right to Occupational Safety” is a special challenge globally, as HCWs have a higher risk of acquiring the infection in hospital settings because of frequent close exposure to patients suffering from tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Aretrospective study was performed with the aim of assessing the prevalence of LTBI related to demographical and occupational risk factors among HCWs employed in a large hospital in Italy. The study involved 1461 HCWs screened for LTBI by Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) and then confirmed with Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) test in case of positivity. Immunosuppressed and BGC-vaccinated workers were tested directly with IGRA. Results: LTBI was diagnosed in 4.1% of the HCWs and the prevalence resulted lower than other studies conducted in low TB incidence countries. The variables significantly linked with higher frequency of the infection were: age ≥40 years (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.13–8.74; p < 0.05), length of service ≥15 years (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.48–11.43; p < 0.05) and not being trained on TB prevention (OR = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.85–6.46; p < 0.05). Not trained HCWs presented a higher risk of LTBI also after adjustment for age and length of service, compared to trained HCWs. Conclusions: screening of HCWs for LTBI should be always considered in routinely occupational surveillance in order to early diagnose the infection and prevent its progression. Safety policies in hospital settings centered on workers’ training on TB prevention is crucial to minimize LTBI occurrence in HCWs.
Effect of Blue LED Light on Bioemulsifier Production in Bioreactor by Aureobasidium pullulans LB83 in Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Rubio-Ribeaux Daylin , Costa Rogger Alessandro Mata da , Pereira Renan Murbach , Marcelino Paulo Ricardo Franco , Casciatori Fernanda Perpétua , Santos Júlio César dos , Silva Silvio Silvério da
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed the impact of LED light on bioemulsifier production by Aureobasidium pullulans LB83 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using pre-treated sugarcane bagasse (PSB). The biomass was subjected to alkaline pre-treatment and conducted fermentations in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 2 g of PSB that were immersed in a humectant solution with a cell concentration of 108 cells/mL. The screening involved varying LED light wavelengths (green, red, orange, and blue) over a 7-day period at 28 °C. Notably, under the influence of blue light, the process achieved maximum production, yielding an EI24% of 63.9% and 45.1% for soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. Prolonged exposure to blue light for 11 days at 28 °C resulted in maximum bioemulsifier production (75%) and cellulolytic enzyme activity (3.67 IU g−1 for endoglucanase and 0.41 IU g−1 for exoglucanase) with soybean oil and kerosene. Experiments in a bioreactor, with varying light conditions (dark, white light, and blue LED light), demonstrated that the blue LED bioreactor outperformed others, achieving EI24% values of 55.0% and 45.7% for soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed yeast growth under these conditions after 9 days. Our findings highlight the significant potential of LED light to enhance bioemulsifier production by A. pullulans LB83 from PSB.
Dietary Habits of Hardhead (Ariopsis felis) and Gafftopsail (Bagre marinus) Catfish Revealed through DNA Barcoding of Stomach Contents
Authors: Osowski Ana R. , Jargowsky Matthew B. , Cooper Pearce T. , Powers Sean P. , Drymon J. Marcus
Published: October 2023

A better understanding of trophic interactions between hardhead catfish (Ariopsis felis) and gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) is crucial for developing multi-species management strategies for the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These two species are often aggregated in food web models; however, limited data are available to substantiate this approach. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the dietary habits of hardhead catfish and gafftopsail catfish using analysis of stomach contents aided by DNA barcoding. Hardhead (n = 693) and gafftopsail (n = 655) catfish were sampled in the northern GOM from 2015–2019 using both fisheries-dependent and -independent techniques. The average percent number (%N), average percent mass (%M), prey specific number (%PN), prey specific mass (%PM), and prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI) were computed to quantify prey species. The stomach content analysis identified distinct differences in diet between hardhead and gafftopsail catfish. Crustaceans were the most important prey for hardhead catfish, while gafftopsail catfish showed a significantly broader dietary breadth and were primarily piscivorous. Multivariate analyses indicated that the location of capture explained the greatest amount of diet variability for both species. These findings address fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the dietary habits of hardhead and gafftopsail catfish in northern GOM ecosystems.
Wild Plant Species as Potential Horticultural Crops: An Opportunity for Farmers and Consumers
Authors: Chrysargyris Antonios , Baldi Ada , Lenzi Anna , Bulgari Roberta
Published: October 2023

By the year 2050, it is predicted that there will be 10 billion people on the planet, and along with this population growth, the need for food production will dramatically rise [...]
Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control
Authors: Mukkala Avinash Naraiah , Jerkic Mirjana , Khan Zahra , Szaszi Katalin , Kapus Andras , Rotstein Ori
Published: October 2023

Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells. These actions can be enhanced by priming (i.e., licensing) MSCs prior to exposure to deleterious microenvironments. Preclinical evidence suggests that MSCs can exert therapeutic effects in a variety of pathological states, including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, and neurological diseases. One of the key emerging beneficial actions of MSCs is the improvement of mitochondrial functions in the injured tissues by enhancing mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Recent advances in the understanding of cellular MQC, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, helped uncover how MSCs enhance these processes. Specifically, MSCs have been suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α)-dependent biogenesis, Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Mitofusins (Mfn1/2) or Dynamin Related Protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated fission/fusion. In addition, previous studies also verified mitochondrial transfer from MSCs through tunneling nanotubes and via microvesicular transport. Combined, these effects improve mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the resolution of injury and inflammation. Thus, uncovering how MSCs affect MQC opens new therapeutic avenues for organ injury, and the transplantation of MSC-derived mitochondria to injured tissues might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach.
REV7 Monomer Is Unable to Participate in Double Strand Break Repair and Translesion Synthesis but Suppresses Mitotic Errors
Authors: Vassel Faye M. , Laverty Daniel J. , Bian Ke , Piett Cortt G. , Hemann Michael T. , Walker Graham C. , Nagel Zachary D.
Published: October 2023

Rev7 is a regulatory protein with roles in translesion synthesis (TLS), double strand break (DSB) repair, replication fork protection, and cell cycle regulation. Rev7 forms a homodimer in vitro using its HORMA (Hop, Rev7, Mad2) domain; however, the functional importance of Rev7 dimerization has been incompletely understood. We analyzed the functional properties of cells expressing either wild-type mouse Rev7 or Rev7K44A/R124A/A135D, a mutant that cannot dimerize. The expression of wild-type Rev7, but not the mutant, rescued the sensitivity of Rev7−/− cells to X-rays and several alkylating agents and reversed the olaparib resistance phenotype of Rev7−/− cells. Using a novel fluorescent host-cell reactivation assay, we found that Rev7K44A/R124A/A135D is unable to promote gap-filling TLS opposite an abasic site analog. The Rev7 dimerization interface is also required for shieldin function, as both Rev7−/− cells and Rev7−/− cells expressing Rev7K44A/R124A/A135D exhibit decreased proficiency in rejoining some types of double strand breaks, as well as increased homologous recombination. Interestingly, Rev7K44A/R124A/A135D retains some function in cell cycle regulation, as it maintains an interaction with Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) and partially rescues the formation of micronuclei. The mutant Rev7 also rescues the G2/M accumulation observed in Rev7−/− cells but does not affect progression through mitosis following nocodazole release. We conclude that while Rev7 dimerization is required for its roles in TLS, DSB repair, and regulation of the anaphase promoting complex, dimerization is at least partially dispensable for promoting mitotic spindle assembly through its interaction with Ran.
Lack of Association between Serum Chitotriosidase Activity and Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes without Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: D’Onofrio Luca , Amendolara Rocco , Mignogna Carmen , Leto Gaetano , Tartaglione Lida , Mazzaferro Sandro , Maddaloni Ernesto , Buzzetti Raffaella
Published: October 2023

Chitotriosidase (CHIT), a mammalian chitinase secreted by neutrophils and activated macrophages, is increased in both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Arterial stiffness rises early in T2D and increases the risk of CVD. The aim of this study is to evaluate CHIT activity as an early biomarker of arterial stiffness in people with T2D free from overt vascular complications. In this cross-sectional study, arterial stiffness as measured using standard pulse wave velocity (PWV) was evaluated in 174 people with T2D without overt vascular disease. Then, we measured CHIT serum activity with an electrochemiluminescence assay in two subgroups of participants: 35 with the highest (high-PWV) and 40 with the lowest (low-PWV) PWV values. CHIT activity was no different between the low-PVW and high-PWV groups (12.7 [9.6–17.9] vs. 11.4 [8.8–15.0] nmol/mL/h, respectively). Compared with the low-PWV group, the high-PWV participants were older (p < 0.001); had a longer duration of diabetes (p = 0.03); higher ankle–brachial index ABI (p = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), fasting blood glucose (p = 0.008), and HbA1c (p = 0.005); and lower eGFR (p = 0.03) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.01). No association was present with sex, duration of diabetes, age, BMI, peripheral blood pressure, laboratory parameters, and glucose-lowering medications or ongoing antihypertensive therapy. Although no association was found, this study provides novel data about the association of CHIT activity with CVD, focusing on a specific outcome (arterial stiffness) in a well-defined population of subjects with T2D without established CVD.
Dendritic Cell Subpopulations Are Associated with Prognostic Characteristics of Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy—An Observational Study
Authors: Łazarczyk Agnieszka , Streb Joanna , Glajcar Anna , Streb-Smoleń Anna , Hałubiec Przemysław , Wcisło Kacper , Laskowicz Łukasz , Hodorowicz-Zaniewska Diana , Szpor Joanna
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women and researchers have strived to develop optimal strategies for its diagnosis and management. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), which reduces tumor size, risk of metastasis and patient mortality, often also allows for a de-escalation of breast and axillary surgery. Nonetheless, complete pathological response (pCR) is achieved in no more than 40% of patients who underwent NAC. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells present in the tumor microenvironment. The multitude of their subtypes was shown to be associated with the pathological and clinical characteristics of BC, but it was not evaluated in BC tissue after NAC. We found that highe r densities of CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) were present in tumors that did not show pCR and had a higher residual cancer burden (RCB) score and class. They were of higher stage and grade and more frequently HER2-negative. The density of CD123+ pCDs was an independent predictor of pCR in the studied group. DC-LAMP+ mature DCs (mDCs) were also related to characteristics of clinical relevance (i.e., pCR, RCB, and nuclear grade), although no clear trends were identified. We conclude that CD123+ pDCs are candidates for a novel biomarker of BC response to NAC.
Imaging and Genetic Tools for the Investigation of the Endocannabinoid System in the CNS
Authors: Kouchaeknejad Armin , Van Der Walt Gunter , De Donato Maria Helena , Puighermanal Emma
Published: October 2023

As central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders present an increasing cause of global morbidity, mortality, and high pressure on our healthcare system, there is an urgent need for new insights and treatment options. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a critical network of endogenous compounds, receptors, and enzymes that contribute to CNS development and regulation. Given its multifaceted involvement in neurobiology and its significance in various CNS disorders, the ECS as a whole is considered a promising therapeutic target. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the ECS’s role in the CNS, its complex architecture and extensive crosstalk with other biological systems present challenges for research and clinical advancements. To bridge these knowledge gaps and unlock the full therapeutic potential of ECS interventions in CNS-related disorders, a plethora of molecular–genetic tools have been developed in recent years. Here, we review some of the most impactful tools for investigating the neurological aspects of the ECS. We first provide a brief introduction to the ECS components, including cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and metabolic enzymes, emphasizing their complexity. This is followed by an exploration of cutting-edge imaging tools and genetic models aimed at elucidating the roles of these principal ECS components. Special emphasis is placed on their relevance in the context of CNS and its associated disorders.
Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: García-Bermúdez Mariana Yolotzin , Vohra Rupali , Freude Kristine , Wijngaarden Peter van , Martin Keith , Thomsen Maj Schneider , Aldana Blanca Irene , Kolko Miriam
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination.
Screening of Oral Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Zizyphus jujuba Proteins Based on Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vivo
Authors: Gao Xinchang , Zhang Chaoying , Wang Ning , Lin Jin-Ming , Dang Yali , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2023

Plant proteins are a good source of active peptides, which can exert physiological effects on the body. Predicting the possible activity of plant proteins and obtaining active peptides with oral potential are challenging. In this study, the potential activity of peptides from Zizyphus jujuba proteins after in silico simulated gastrointestinal digestion was predicted using the BIOPEP-UWM™ database. The ACE-inhibitory activity needs to be further investigated. The actual peptides in mouse intestines after the oral administration of Zizyphus jujuba protein were collected and analyzed, 113 Zizyphus jujuba peptides were identified, and 3D-QSAR models of the ACE-inhibitory activity were created and validated using a training set (34 peptides) and a test set (12 peptides). Three peptides, RLPHV, TVKPGL and KALVAP, were screened using the 3D-QSAR model and were found to bind to the active sites of the ACE enzyme, and their IC50 values were determined. Their values were 6.01, 3.81, and 17.06 μM, respectively. The in vitro digestion stabilities of the RLPHV, TVKPGL, and KALVAP peptides were 82%, 90%, and 78%. This article provides an integrated method for studying bioactive peptides derived from plant proteins.
Enhancing Reinforced Concrete Beams: Investigating Steel Dust as a Cement Substitute
Authors: Jahami Ali , Younes Hussein , Khatib Jamal
Published: October 2023

This research undertook an extensive examination of the ramifications of integrating steel dust as a partial substitute for cement within reinforced concrete beams. The investigation encompassed an assessment of various facets, encompassing the workability of the concrete mixture, alongside crucial mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and elasticity modulus. The findings unveiled a notable reduction in workability as the proportion of steel dust increased within the mixture, with a consequential substantial impact on the elasticity modulus. Notably, compressive strength exhibited an enhancement at a 10% replacement of cement yet exhibited a decline with higher degrees of cement substitution. The inclusion of steel dust led to the formulation of adjusted equations pertaining to split tensile and flexural strength characteristics within the mixture. Remarkably, the incorporation of 10% steel dust yielded an increase in ductility. Conversely, at a 30% steel dust inclusion level, ductility diminished alongside a reduction in the maximum load-bearing capacity. In light of these findings, it is imperative to exercise prudence when considering the utilization of steel dust as a cement substitute, particularly when approaching or exceeding the 10% replacement level threshold. Further comprehensive research is imperative to acquire a comprehensive understanding of its implications and its susceptibility to potential corrosion concerns.
Hydroxyapatite–Clay Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering: Effective Utilization of Prawn Exoskeleton Biowaste
Authors: Satish Perabathula , Hadagalli Komalakrushna , Praveen Lakkimsetti Lakshmi , Nowl Mahin Saif , Seikh Asiful H. , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Abdo Hany S. , Mandal Saumen
Published: October 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)-based porous scaffolds have been widely investigated in the last three decades. HA, with excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, has made this material widely used in bone tissue engineering. To improve the mechano-biological properties of HA, the addition of clay to develop HA-based composite scaffolds has gained considerable interest from researchers. In this study, a cost-effective method to prepare a HA–clay composite was demonstrated via the mechanical mixing method, wherein kaolin was used because of its biocompatibility. Prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) exoskeleton biowaste was utilized as a raw source to synthesize pure HA using wet chemical synthesis. HA–clay composites were prepared by reinforcing HA with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of kaolin via the mechanical mixing method. A series of characterization tools such as XRD, FTIR, Raman, and FESEM analysis confirmed the phases and characteristic structural and vibrations bonds along with the morphology of sintered bare HA, HA–kaolin clay composite, and kaolin alone, respectively. The HA–clay composite pellets, uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1100 °C for 2 h, were subjected to a compression test, and an enhancement in mechanical and physical properties, with the highest compressive strength of 35 MPa and a retained open porosity of 33%, was achieved in the HA–kaolin (20 wt.%) clay composite, in comparison with bare HA. The addition of 20% kaolin to HA enhanced its compressive strength by 33.7% and increased its open porosity by 19% when compared with bare HA. The reinforcement of HA with different amounts (10, 20, 30 wt.%) of kaolin could open up a new direction of preparing biocomposite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties, improved wear, and better cell proliferation in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Real-Time Monitoring of Solar Energetic Particles Using the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Authors: Serpolla Andrea , Duranti Matteo , Formato Valerio , Oliva Alberto
Published: October 2023

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits at an average altitude of 400 km, in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and is regularly occupied by astronauts. The material of the Station, the residual atmosphere and the geomagnetic field offer a partial protection against the cosmic radiation to the crew and the equipment. The solar activity can cause sporadic bursts of particles with energies between ∼10 keV and several GeVs called Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs). SEP emissions can last for hours or even days and can represent an actual risk for ISS occupants and equipment. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was installed on the ISS in 2011 and is expected to take data until the decommissioning of the Station itself. The instrument detects cosmic rays continuously and can also be used to monitor SEPs in real-time. A detection algorithm developed for the monitoring measures temporary increases in the trigger rates of AMS, using McIlwain’s L-parameter to characterize different conditions of the data-taking environment. A real-time monitor for SEPs has been realized reading data from the AMS Monitoring Interface (AMI) database and processing them using the custom algorithm that was developed.