bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality Patterns in Pediatric Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Insights Into Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Associations
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Critser Paul J. , Cash Michelle , Magness Melissa , Hirsch Russel
Published: January 2025

Background

Pulmonary vein stenosis in children is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the cause and risk factors for mortality remain uncertain.

Methods

This retrospective, single‐center study identified children with primary and secondary pulmonary vein stenosis through a cardiac catheterization database. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank tests, and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess outcome and identify significant predictors of mortality.

Results

Among 56 children with pulmonary vein stenosis (33 male children, 59%), 20 (36%) died at a median age of 10 months (interquartile range, 4–24 months). All patients underwent cardiac catheterization, with 45 (80%) undergoing at least 1 interventional procedure. Causes of death included multiorgan failure (35%), progressive respiratory failure (20%), and sudden cardiac death (15%). Prematurity, chronic lung disease, a genetic syndrome, or the number of affected pulmonary veins did not significantly correlate with mortality. However, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure greater than half systemic pressure was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5 [95% CI, 2.2–14.1];
P
<0.001). The final predictive model for mortality included RV systolic pressure greater than half systemic pressure (HR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.6–10.4];
P
=0.004), moderately or severely diminished RV systolic function (HR, 3.6 [95% CI, 1.1–11.5];
P
=0.032), and the presence of congenital heart disease (HR, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.9–6.7];
P
=0.084).

Conclusions

This report is the first to indicate that RV systolic pressure and RV dysfunction are significant independent predictors of mortality in children with pulmonary vein stenosis. A greater understanding of mortality in this population is necessary, particularly in those with RV systolic pressure less than half systemic.
Case for Establishing a National Stroke Activation Fee in the United States: Learning From Trauma Centers
Authors: Johnson Paul D. , Majersik Jennifer J.
Published: January 2025

There is a large burden of stroke in the United States, and extensive systems of care have been established to address it. The resources devoted to stroke centers are analogous to those of trauma centers, both sharing many strict requirements for certification, clinical preparedness, quality improvement, data management, and reporting. However, trauma programs partly defray these costs through a trauma activation billing code, a billable fee that is charged for activation of the trauma team under strict criteria. There are potential benefits to establishing an analogous national stroke code activation fee. Although a billable stroke code activation fee may increase financial burden on patients, this may be counterbalanced by the significant potential for individual and societal benefits. Providing additional financial support for stroke systems of care may improve acute stroke treatment, reduce stroke burden and poststroke disability, and reduce inequality by broadening the reach of stroke systems of care to disadvantaged communities. Further evaluation of the costs and benefits of implementing a stroke code activation fee based on that currently used by trauma centers is needed.
A Robotic Flutist Framework for Exploring Acoustics, Human–Instrument Interaction, and Musical Creation
Authors: Hurtado Fernando , de la Cuadra Patricio , Torres Miguel
Published: January 2025

This article introduces an experimental robotic setup designed to investigate the performance and sound production of flutes. The flute, renowned for its intricate mechanism enabling musicians to dynamically adjust various parameters, yields a diverse range of rich sounds.

A key feature of the flute involves the embouchure—the shaping of the air channel by the musician’s lips—providing control over airflow, velocity, distance to the labium, inclination, and position. The robotic testbed manipulates critical parameters of the sound-producing system, incorporating an artificial mouth and a motorized mechanism for adjusting jet length, incident angle, and offset. Specialized software aids in route planning, visualization, and description of the controllable parameter trajectories, also generating automatic positions based on a predefined dictionary.

Experimental findings showcase the robot’s proficiency in playing simple melodies and producing harmonically rich sounds within the specified range. Spectrogram analysis reveals successful reproduction of intended pitches and timbres.

This robotic testbed emerges as a valuable tool for delving into the acoustics of the flute and the interaction between performers and flutes. It provides a robust platform for composers to create music that surpasses normal human capabilities and contributes to the comprehension and design of these intricate instruments.
Technology and International Environmental Cooperation
Authors: Rabitz Florian
Published: January 2025

When does technology matter for resolving global challenges of environmental sustainability? Starting from the concept of “techno-fixes” that centers on the impacts of technology on environmental challenges, I develop an alternative account that assesses the implications of technology for international environmental cooperation. I propose the concept of techno-political fixes to refer to technologies that improve cooperative prospects. Techno-political fixes improve the structure of cooperation problems in terms of distributional impacts, epistemic complexity, and/or tractability, thus facilitating the joint management of environmental problems. This concept offers a new and nuanced approach to the role of technology in resolving sustainability challenges. I apply this framework to solar geoengineering, a set of proposed methods for planetary albedo modification to control anthropogenic global warming. By shifting the analytical focus from technological impacts on the climate system to technological implications for international cooperation, I show how solar geoengineering aggravates, rather than ameliorating, the problem structure of anthropogenic global warming.
A Fourth-Century Papyrus Letter to a ‘Priest and Confessor’
Authors: Berkes Lajos , Claytor W. Graham
Published: January 2025

Edition of an early fourth century papyrus letter from the University of Michigan collection that is addressed to a priest and confessor. The latter title is attested here for only the second time in documentary papyri, and the letter is written in a high register with several scriptural allusions.
The effect of processing on the nutritional values of yellow mealworm and Jamaican field cricket
Authors: Lampová B. , Petřı́čková D. , Kulma M. , Hradecký J. , Kurečka M. , Burešová B. , Michlová T. , Doskočil I. , Kouřimská L.
Published: January 2025

Despite extensive research on the nutritional value of edible insects, there is insufficient data on how processing methods affect their chemical composition. In this study, our objective was to assess the effects of boiling, roasting, oven drying, and microwave heating on the nutritional value of insects euthanized via blanching or freezing. Results indicated that both the methods of killing and culinary treatment significantly influenced the nutritional value of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis). Blanched and boiled yellow mealworm larvae contained the lowest level of protein (54.76 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), and the highest content of fat (35.28 g/100 g DM), while blanched, oven-dried Jamaican field crickets yielded the highest levels of protein (72.95 g/100 g DM) and the lowest levels of fat (13.31 g/100 g DM). Culinary treatments uniformly resulted in increased proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a decrease in the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) compared to the raw samples. In contrast to fats, the amino acid composition and protein quality, assessed via the essential amino acid index, remained almost unchanged regardless of the type of culinary treatment. Similarly, the profile of volatile compounds was not significantly affected by the culinary treatment. Although acrylamide was undetectable in raw samples, safe levels (0.02-0.13 μg/g DM) were observed in treated samples. Given the rarity of raw insect consumption, gaining insights into the nutritional content of prepared insect-based dishes is of paramount importance. Thus, forthcoming research that is focused on potential risk compounds linked to thermal processing, as well as strategies aimed at mitigating their presence in insect-based foods, may hold significant relevance.
Why Trans Cinema Doesn’t Exist
Authors: Keegan Cáel M.
Published: January 2025

This essay illustrates how queer cinema studies has been structured by a negative co-history with trans that has driven the texts and questions it can take up, the temporalities governing its formation, and the rhetorical shape of its intellectual products. It argues that the ground from which queer cinema studies has traced the evolution of queer cinema – from an outsider form to a now tenuously global force – is terrain established via a cordoning-off of the disruption that trans enacts on the binary sexed forms necessary to “same-sex” desire. Therefore, the essay claims, the field of queer cinema studies has emerged through an agentive commitment to non-transsexuality as an unacknowledged speaking position from which its textual analyses are performed as performative.
The Manosphere and Politics
Authors: Barnes Mariel J. , Karim Sabrina M.
Published: January 2025

The revived men’s movement, colloquially the “manosphere,” has recently increased in prominence and influence, and has been connected to numerous instances of violence, including mass shootings targeting women. Despite this, political science has paid scant attention to the manosphere, and the tactics these groups use against women, feminism, and gender equality, including violence. This theory-building paper begins to fill this gap by focusing on two goals. First, using an original dataset of manosphere blogs, forums, and websites, we provide a descriptive analysis of the manosphere. Second, we develop an original typology of the manosphere along two dimensions — communitarianism and their interactions with women — which helps us theorize about which manosphere subgroups are more prone to use violence. We also compare cases from each subgroup to show initial proof of concept for our theory. Ultimately, we show how excluding the manosphere from political conversation inhibits a comprehensive understanding of contentious politics.
Crafting Expertise: Developing Talent in English Language Arts
Authors: Stambaugh Tamra , Covington Elizabeth , Mofield Emily L.
Published: January 2025

The focus of this article is on the development of expertise in interpreting literature within English Language Arts (ELA). Experts and novices differ significantly in how they approach problems and acquire information, with experts demonstrating more sophisticated pattern recognition, nuances, and conceptual understandings and approaches than novices. The domain-specific nature of expertise necessitates deliberate practice and intentional support in developing disciplinary knowledge. In this conceptual article, we integrate understandings from the talent development and gifted education literature, the learning theory and development of expertise literature, and the literary analysis field to explore the following questions: (a) Why is the development of ELA expertise important? (b) What skills do ELA experts possess that need to be cultivated in novices? (c) What are the pedagogical implications and practices necessary for enhancing ELA talent and developing expertise across the lifespan?
A Multitiered Approach to Computer Science Talent Development
Authors: Pereira Nielsen , Bright Sarah , Ozen Zafer , Safitri Shahnaz , Castillo-Hermosilla Hernan , Matos Brenda C. , Karatas Tugce , Fonseca Pedro
Published: January 2025

Technology is an increasingly omnipresent and rapidly changing component of today’s world. As a result, there is an urgency to develop talent in the field of computer science (CS). The purpose of this article is to examine ways that educational systems can develop students’ talents to fill the need for skilled CS professionals. We provide an overview of the talent development megamodel as an exemplar of talent development frameworks and discuss ways to tailor it to fit CS talent trajectories. We describe three key components in a CS talent trajectory: early access to materials and programs; support from mentors; and the development of psychosocial skills. We introduce a proposed model, the computer science talent development model (CSTDM), for finding and developing talents in computer science in K–12 settings. CSTDM includes advanced STEM learning opportunities beginning in middle school, a focus on the development of psychosocial skills, and guidance for students regarding STEM career development.
Mapping the Trajectories of Women in Astronomy: Influences and Milestones in Talent Development
Authors: Gómez-Arizaga María P. , Navarro Marianela , Martin Annjeanette , Conejeros-Solar María Leonor , Valdivia-Lefort Marieta , Bravo-Rojas Carla , Navarrete Silva Camila
Published: January 2025

Astronomy is critical for human development, driving technology and innovation, and creating knowledge that allows humanity to understand the universe more fully. Women, however, remain underrepresented in this field. Many women leave the field before becoming established, yet little is known about women who persist and succeed. The purpose of this study was to explore the abilities, experiences, milestones, and individuals that have contributed to women’s talent development along their trajectories in astronomy, in the specific case of Chile. In-depth interviews were conducted with five talented women in astronomy, who have developed their academic and professional careers in Chile. The results show that micro, meso, and macro levels of influence, in conjunction with different time periods, were critical for the participants’ trajectories and have impacted the direction of women’s paths. The astronomers highlight early experiences, mentor support, validation, and gendered experiences as they navigate their own insecurities and develop self-confidence. Implications for the study of talent development in female astronomers are discussed.
Evaluating rural adolescents’ climate change knowledge, attitudes and practices subsequent to a simple educational intervention in Bangalore, India
Authors: Shalini V Sayvithaa , Shanbhag Deepthi N , James Irene , Divya Emmadi
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning climate change and its health impacts in rural Bangalore.

Method:

An interventional study design was employed, utilising a pre-test and post-test approach to measure changes in KAP before and after the intervention.

Setting and Design:

The study was conducted among students aged 12–16 years attending a government high school and a private high school in rural Bangalore, India. Baseline KAP was assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The intervention involved a child-to-child approach and flip charts in a manner informed by World Health Organization’s (WHO) Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) recommendations. A post-test was administered 6 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis included paired t-tests, Student t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

Out of 135 students with a mean age of 15 years, there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores from 9.97 to 14.27 ( p < .05). Attitude scores improved slightly from 12.00 to 12.70, and practice scores increased from 7.53 to 9.67, though these changes were not statistically significant. Private school students showed more notable improvements in knowledge and attitudes compared to government school students.

Conclusion:

The educational intervention significantly enhanced students’ knowledge about climate change but had a more limited effect on attitudes and practices. The results highlight the importance of continued and diversified educational efforts to strengthen climate change awareness and promote sustainable behaviours among adolescents. Expanding such initiatives to other demographic groups could enhance their impact on fostering comprehensive climate action.
Atypical airbag injuries in a child: A case report
Authors: Kanchan Tanuj , Kumar Meena S , Munisankar Prudvi , Shekhawat Raghvendra S , Meshram Vikas P
Published: January 2025

Airbags have significantly reduced the severity of injuries sustained in vehicular crashes. The most common injuries are minor abrasions, contusions, etc., but severe and fatal thermal burns and craniofacial fractures may occur nonetheless. We report a rare case of atypical airbag injuries suffered by the front seat occupant of a car following airbag deployment in a high-velocity frontal collision. The injuries appeared to be a combination of thermal burns, chemical burns and mechanical injuries. A detailed evaluation of the mechanism of such injuries is needed in order to devise preventive strategies and avoid their recurrence.
Understanding Age Differences in Well-Being: Pathways From Present Time Orientation to Mindfulness and Savoring the Moment
Authors: Wilson Jenna M. , Strough JoNell , Shook Natalie J.
Published: January 2025

Well-being has been shown to improve with age, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. We tested a conceptual model that posited that age-related increases in present time orientation foster greater dispositional mindfulness and savoring the moment, and that these psychological processes are pathways that link older age to better well-being. U.S. adults (N = 797, Mage = 45.57 years, SD = 15.07, range: 20–88) completed an online, self-report survey of their present time perspective, dispositional mindfulness, savoring the moment, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Using structural equation modeling, our conceptual model was a good fit to the data. Older age was associated with greater present time orientation, which was associated with both greater mindfulness and savoring the moment, and ultimately related to greater eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Mindfulness and savoring interventions may be beneficial for promoting present moment orientation, and subsequently, better well-being. However, longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal associations.
Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety About Aging Scale (AAS) in Lithuanian Adults
Authors: Gegieckaitė Goda , Petraškaitė Karolina , Zamalijeva Olga
Published: January 2025

The Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) was developed by Lasher and Faulkender emphasizing a multidimensional approach to aging anxiety and addressing conceptual and psychometric issues of similar tools. Today this scale is one of the most used measures that allow to assess aging anxiety among younger and older populations. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of the AAS. A total sample of 528 Lithuanian adults, ages ranging from 18 to 82 ( M ( SD) = 33.6 (14.5)); 22.7% male, were included in this study. Results showed that the Lithuanian version of AAS had good psychometric characteristics. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the four-factor structure originally proposed by Lasher and Faulkender was confirmed. The total AAS scale and all four subscales showed good internal consistency. This study confirmed that the Lithuanian version of AAS can be used in further studies as suggested by scale authors.
Time-series machine learning for predictive optimisation of a highly efficient evaporative cooling system
Authors: Wang Zhichu , Zeng Cheng , Zhu Zishang , Li Yunhai , Ma Xiaoli , Zhao Xudong
Published: January 2025

As data centres become integral to modern infrastructure, their energy consumption, particularly in cooling systems, presents a critical challenge for sustainability. This paper addresses this issue by applying time-series machine learning models to forecast the performance of a highly efficient 100 kW evaporative cooling system applied in a real-world data centre. Using a dataset spanning 4 months, we developed and optimised two predictive models based on XGBoost and Random Forest, to estimate cooling capacity and Coefficient of Performance (COP). Initial results showed suboptimal performance, with the XGBoost model achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.34 for cooling capacity and 6.50 for COP, alongside a negative R-squared, indicating poor fit. However, after hyperparameter tuning, the Random Forest model significantly improved the predictions, achieving an MAE of 0.39 and an R-squared of 0.85 for cooling capacity, and an MAE of 2.21 and an R-squared of 0.54 for COP. These findings underscore the potential of these models to optimise cooling efficiency, offering valuable insights for reducing energy consumption and operational costs in data centre operations. This research paves the way for more sustainable data centre designs and operations across diverse climatic conditions.

Practical application

The predictive models developed in this study enable building environment professionals to optimise data centre cooling systems. By accurately forecasting cooling capacity and Coefficient of Performance (COP) under varying environmental conditions, these models allow for proactive adjustments to cooling strategies, ensuring efficient operation and minimising energy waste. This research provides a practical tool for enhancing the sustainability of data centres, directly supporting industry efforts to meet stringent energy efficiency targets and reduce the carbon footprint of critical infrastructure.
Deep hydrocarbon charging and accumulation in complex fault blocks, the northern part of the eastern Liaohe depression, China
Authors: Shen Che , Jiang Youlu , Guo Qiang
Published: January 2025

Deep exploration in complex fault-block regions is critical for global oil and gas development. As a representative region characterized by complex fault-block development, the northern part of the eastern Liaohe depression poses challenges in understanding the charging time and migration channels of deep hydrocarbons due to its intricate structural and reservoir conditions. For this purpose, this study utilizes diverse geological data from recent explorations, employing the petrological characteristics of inclusions, homogenization temperatures, and simulations of the thermal burial history to investigate the charging times of deep hydrocarbons. It combines the diagenetic processes of the reservoir with tectonic evolution to reveal the charging pathways and dynamic processes of deep hydrocarbons in the northern part of the eastern Liaohe depression. The results indicate that there are two charging periods in the study area: the late Oligocene (32.9–27.5 Ma) and from the late Neogene to the present (8.7–0 Ma). During these critical periods, faults with high activity intensity and low fault section normal stress were in an open state, which can serve as pathways for the vertical long-distance migration of hydrocarbons. In the first charging period, a substantial volume of hydrocarbon expelled from the source rocks migrates vertically into the deep sandstone reservoir through opening faults, exhibiting characteristics of source–reservoir separation. Subsequently, a brief uplift at the end of the Oligocene halted hydrocarbon generation. In the second charging period, as the source rocks further matured, a substantial volume of natural gas was injected into the deep reservoirs. At this period, the faults approached the seal, preventing hydrocarbons from migrating vertically and allowing them to enter the deep sandstone reservoirs adjacent to the source rocks, reflecting characteristics of source–reservoir proximity.
Investigating the effect of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) on learning achievement: A meta-analysis and research synthesis
Authors: Tlili Ahmed , Saqer Khitam , Salha Soheil , Huang Ronghuai
Published: January 2025

Scant information exists about how AI with its different technologies might affect learning achievement in different educational fields across different educational levels and geographical distributions of students. Closing this gap can therefore help stakeholders understand under which learning conditions artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) might work or not, hence achieving better learning achievement. To address this research gap, this study conducted a meta-analysis and research synthesis of the effects of AI application on students’ learning achievement. Additionally, this study conducted one step forward to analyze the field of education, level of education, learning mode, intervention duration, and geographical distribution as moderating variables of the effect of AIEd. The Hedges’ g was computed for the effect sizes, where 85 quantitative studies ( N = 10,469 participants) were coded and analyzed. The results indicated that the total effect of AIEd on learning achievement is very large ( g = 1.10, p < 0.001). Particularly, chatbots achieved a very large effect, while Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and personalized learning systems had large effects. The results also show that the AIEd effect is moderated by the field of education, level of education, learning mode, intervention duration, and geographical distribution of students. The findings of this study can be useful to both researchers and practitioners as they highlight how and when AIEd integration can be effective, hence being beneficial to enhance learning achievement.
An Empirical Comparison of Methods to Produce Business Statistics Using Non-Probability Data
Authors: Ang Lyndon , Clark Robert , Loong Bronwyn , Holmberg Anders
Published: January 2025

There is a growing trend among statistical agencies to explore non-probability data sources for producing more timely and detailed statistics, while reducing costs and respondent burden. Coverage and measurement error are two issues that may be present in such data. The imperfections may be corrected using available information relating to the population of interest, such as a census or a reference probability sample. In this paper, we compare a wide range of existing methods for producing population estimates using a non-probability dataset through a simulation study based on a realistic business population. The study was conducted to examine the performance of the methods under different missingness and data quality assumptions. The results confirm the ability of the methods examined to address selection bias. When no measurement error is present in the non-probability dataset, a screening dual-frame approach for the probability sample tends to yield lower sample size and mean squared error results. The presence of measurement error and/or nonignorable missingness increases mean squared errors for estimators that depend heavily on the non-probability data. In this case, the best approach tends to be to fall back to a model-assisted estimator based on the probability sample.
Quantifying the perceptual translucency of the objects by spectrophotometric and imaging methods
Authors: Yadegari Babak , Kandi Saeideh Gorji
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the performance of various spectrophotometric methods in predicting visually perceived translucency and evaluated the efficiency of imaging techniques in quantifying translucency. We conducted the visual assessment in two stages using the pair comparison method. In the first stage, pairs of samples with identical colors but differing levels of translucency were compared. In the second stage, we compared pairs of samples with different colors but almost identical translucency. In the first stage, spectrophotometric methods exhibited high Pearson correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99, with visual perceptions, demonstrating their accuracy in estimating translucency. Examination samples of different colors also revealed that among spectrophotometric methods, L*, absorption, and contrast ratio, with Pearson correlation coefficients of approximately 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively, had the strongest correlations with perceptual data. Using imaging techniques, the best result was obtained by comparing the lightness of the sample image on a black background to the same value on a white background, yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient of approximately 0.87. Additionally, we employed imaging-based methods for predicting translucency in real 3-D objects with simple shapes and limited colors. Despite the limitations, these methods produced promising results.
Factors Associated with the Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients on VV-ECMO: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Henry Robayo-Amortegui , Cesar Quecano-Rosas , Michel Perez-Garzon , Conny Muñoz-Claros , Claudia Poveda-Henao
Published: January 2025

Summary: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) receiving VV-ECMO support, carrying a high risk of progression to Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Both AKI and RRT are linked to an increased risk of mortality. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with the need for RRT in patients undergoing VV-ECMO. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study involving patients on VV-ECMO therapy admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 2019 and 2023. Patients on VV ECMO support, with or without RRT, were included and their severity scores and associated mortality were calculated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the variable RRT using odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding confidence intervals (CI) for the outcome variables. Results: A total of 192 subjects were included, with a mortality rate of 39.6%. Of these, 68.7% were male, with an average ICU stay of 25.1 days and a need for RRT in 19.7% of cases. The multivariate analysis independently associated the use of vasopressors with RRT norepinephrine OR 5.61 (95% CI, 1.64-19.1) and vasopressin OR 4.64 (95% CI, 2.15-10.0)). An increase in creatinine levels before ECMO support is associated with an increased risk OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.54-3.18), and 24 h after ECMO support, the risk rises further adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.32 (95% IC 1.55-7.09). The accuracy of severity scores presented weak discrimination and similar behavior, except for DEOx for the primary outcome, with an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72-0.87), and APACHE II with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59-0.78). Conclusions: The prediction of RRT in patients on VV-ECMO support was superior for DEOx, which is influenced by the use of vasopressors, creatinine levels, and platelet transfusion prior to cannulation. This could be useful for predicting early interventions in this patient population.
Rethinking the Urban–Rural Divide: Economic Growth in America's Heartland
Authors: Randazzo Marley , Currid-Halkett Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Recent economic development literature and popular media tend to describe rural America as mired in a state of socioeconomic decay, unable to break the vicious cycle kicked off by deindustrialization and sustained by brain drain. However, an emerging body of literature challenges these totalizing views, emphasizing the need for greater attention and nuance in rural economic research. This commentary adds to this topic, examining sector employment data over the 1991–2020 period by metropolitan and rural geographies to assess economic development in the nation's Heartland. Overall, the authors find surprising job growth rates in knowledge industries more typically associated with cities and urban agglomerations. In addition, this commentary strengthens existing findings that the nature of official metropolitan classifications erodes rural economic vitality and contributes to pervasive “left behind” narratives.
Work–Family Interface and Subjective Career Success: The Role(s) of Job Crafting as a Personal Resource
Authors: Koekemoer Eileen , Olckers Chantal
Published: January 2025

Research shows that work–family experiences, including work–family conflict (WFC) and work–family enrichment (WFE), impact career outcomes. Our study examined the role(s) of job crafting as a personal resource in the relationship between work–family interface and subjective career success (SCS) from the perspective of the JD-R framework. We compared two structural models: a process model (where WFC and WFE were regressed on job crafting and job crafting on SCS) and an antecedent model (where WFE and WFC were directly related to SCS). Results from a sample of 265 South African employees revealed that WFE, WFC, and job crafting related to SCS. Job crafting also indirectly affected the relationships between WFE, WFC, and SCS, emphasizing its role in enhancing career success through a motivational process rather than having a buffering effect. Consequently, employees can be guided to utilize job crafting to empower themselves, align their work–family needs, and achieve their career aspirations.
Cytokeratin-Based Assessment of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Muthukumarappan Kumudavalli , Narla Swetha , Subramanyan Annapurneswari
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

One of the most prevalent and major causes of cancer-related mortality is colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, despite being labelled as low-risk cancers based on their tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, many tumours behave poorly. The independent forecasting tool for CRC, particularly in node-negative illness, is tumour budding (TB). The term ‘tumour buds’ (TB) refers to detached (epithelial) tumour cells, which are single or clusters (less than or equal to five cells) at the maximum invasive front.

Background and Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate TB using pan-cytokeratin immunostain and comparing it with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and clinicopathological parameters.

Methods:

Resected specimens without presurgical therapy were analysed in the Department of Pathology for one year. Among histologically proven colorectal carcinoma, TB scores on H&E and pan-cytokeratin immunostained slides were compared.

Results:

Among the various clinicopathological parameters evaluated in 83 cases of CRC, we emphasise from our study that there was a strong correlation of TB score with tumour type, grade of tumour and metastasis. There is a definitive chance of upgradation of TB score by cytokeratin immunostain.

Conclusion:

TB is a negative prognostic factor responsible for adverse outcomes in CRC patients. Regardless of the scoring method used, cytokeratin-based assessment of TB is superior compared with the TB score assessed by H&E alone.
Processing the Geopolitics of Global Science: Emerging National-Level Advisory Structures
Authors: Shih Tommy , Chubb Andrew , Cooney-O’Donoghue Diarmuid
Published: January 2025

This paper analyses three governments’ institutional advisory mechanisms designed to shape and support universities and individual researchers’ decisions regarding international academic collaboration. Although ostensibly country-agnostic, increasing geopolitical tensions with China have catalyzed the creation of these new structures. Each mechanism seeks to address the complex trade-offs in international research collaboration caused by the complicated relationship between China and other advanced science nations. We compare the National Contact Point for Knowledge Security in the Netherlands; the Research Collaboration Advice Team and associated “Trusted Research” campaign in the United Kingdom (UK); and Australia's “University Foreign Interference Taskforce” process. The paper finds similarities in their goals - elevating national interest and security as considerations in research collaboration decisionmaking in order to enable it to continue under narrowed conditions - but divergences in their structure, usage and accessibility that produce distinctive strengths and shortcomings.
Changing patterns of treatment and prescribers of stimulants for children, adolescents and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in New South Wales, Australia: evidence for a treatment bottleneck? – A database study
Authors: Nielsen Timothy C , Nanan Ralph , Butler Tony , Nassar Natasha , Poulton Alison
Published: January 2025

Objective

Investigate the treatment patterns and prescribers of stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young people in New South Wales (NSW).

Method

Longitudinal cohort study of persons born after 1983 and prescribed stimulants for ADHD as per the NSW Ministry of Health Controlled Drugs Data Collection. Results were analyzed descriptively: a) treatment prevalence by year; age; sex; b) speciality of prescribers over time; c) rate of transition from paediatrics to adult psychiatry. The main analysis covered 2003–2015, with data on general practitioner prescribing to 2023.

Results

Treatment prevalence rates were highest at age 10 (22.8 per 1000 person years), declining among teenagers and stabilizing in adulthood at 2.5 per 1000. The childhood male treatment predominance (4:1) resolved to 1.6:1 in adulthood. Paediatricians were the main prescribers until age 20. The average annual percent increase in prescribers was: adult psychiatry – 13%, general practice – 20%, paediatrics – 2.6%. Only 6.3% of treated children had transitioned to adult psychiatrists by age 25; 50% starting treatment with adult psychiatrists had no previous treatment records.

Conclusions

The proportion on treatment and the male predominance declined substantially with age. Future studies may determine whether increased prescribing by general practitioners and psychiatrists reduces treatment attrition during adolescence.
Familial Oculoauriculovertebral Spectrum: A Genomic Investigation of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Authors: Petrin Aline L , Machado-Paula Ligiane Alves , Hinkle Austin , Hovey Luke , Awotoye Waheed , Chimenti Michael , Darbro Benjamin , Ribeiro-Bicudo Lucilene A , Dabdoub Shareef M , Peter Tabitha , Breheny Patrick , Murray Jeffrey C , Van Otterloo Eric , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar , Moreno-Uribe Lina M
Published: January 2025

Objective

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) encompasses abnormalities on derivatives from the first and second pharyngeal arches including macrostomia, hemifacial microsomia, micrognathia, preauricular tags, ocular, and vertebral anomalies. We present genetic findings on a 3-generation family affected with macrostomia, preauricular tags and ptosis following an autosomal dominant pattern.

Design

We generated whole-genome sequencing data for the proband, affected father, and unaffected paternal grandmother followed by Sanger sequencing on 23 family members for the top candidate gene mutations. We performed parent and sibling-based transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) and burden analysis via a penalized linear mixed model, for segregation and mutation burden, respectively. Next, via bioinformatic tools we predicted protein function, mutation pathogenicity, and pathway enrichment to investigate the biological relevance of mutations identified.

Results

Rare missense mutations in SIX1, KDR/VEGFR2, and PDGFRA showed the best segregation with the OAVS phenotypes in this family. When considering any of the 3 OAVS phenotypes as an outcome, SIX1 had the strongest associations in parent-TDTs and sib-TDTs ( P = 0.025, P = 0.052) (unadjusted P-values). Burden analysis identified SIX1 (RC = 0.87) and PDGFRA (RC = 0.98) strongly associated with OAVS severity. Using phenotype-specific outcomes, sib-TDTs identified SIX1 with uni- or bilateral ptosis ( P = 0.049) and ear tags ( P = 0.01), and PDGFRA and KDR/VEGFR2 with ear tags (both P < 0.01).

Conclusion

SIX1, PDGFRA, and KDR/VEGFR2 are strongly associated to OAVS phenotypes. SIX1 has been previously associated with OAVS ear malformations and is co-expressed with EYA1 during ear development. Efforts to strengthen the genotype-phenotype co-relation underlying the OAVS are key to discover etiology, family counseling, and prevention.
Utility of ursodiol prophylaxis against sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)/ veno-occlusive disease (VOD) in acute leukemia patients receiving gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) or inotuzumab-ozogamicin (InO)
Authors: Mosallam Grace , Winer Eric S , Keating Julia H , Flamand Yael , Solodokin Loriel J
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS)/veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a serious complication in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) and InO are known to cause SOS/VOD in leukemic and transplant populations. Due to limited data on ursodiol prophylaxis in non-HSCT patients, we aimed to assess hepatotoxicity, SOS/VOD incidences, time to hepatotoxicity, and confirmed SOS/VOD in adults receiving GO or InO ± ursodiol.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective chart review of adult acute leukemia patients who received ≥1 dose of GO or InO at DFCI/some of the Harvard Cancer Centers during 4-year period (9/1/2017–9/1/2021). Acute promyelocytic leukemia patients and post-GO or InO HSCT-recipients (100-day follow-up period) were excluded. Descriptive summaries are provided, direct comparisons were made using Student T-test (continuous variables) and Fisher's exact test (categorical variables).

Results

In our population (N = 82), 87.8% received ursodiol and 12.2% did not. There were no significant differences in baseline to peak hepatic labs. The No-Ursodiol Group had higher incidence of Grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) transaminitis vs. the Ursodiol Group (60% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.015), and a trend towards shorter mean time to Grade 3 AST transaminitis (18.5 vs. 23.8 days; p = 0.30). Moreover, 4.2% of Ursodiol Group developed SOS/VOD vs. 0% in the No-Ursodiol Group (NS). Three patients developed SOS/VOD: 2 received GO, 1 received InO, and 2 were alive by the end of the follow-up period.

Conclusion

In our cohort, ursodiol prophylaxis in adults receiving GO/InO is not associated with lower incidences of hepatotoxicity, SOS/VOD, or time to Grade 3 AST transaminitis, but is associated with decreased incidence of AST elevations.
Shelf-life enhancement of silver carp fillets using psyllium gum/sodium-alginate coatings incorporated with Heracleum persicum essential oil and CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Soleimani Sajad , Golestan Leila , Moghanjoughi Abbasali Motalebi , Anvar Seyed Amir Ali
Published: January 2025

In the present study, the effects of psyllium gum/sodium-alginate (PG/SA) coatings incorporated with Heracleum persicum essential oil (HEO) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on various properties of silver carp fillets were investigated and monitored over 15 days of chilled storage condition (4 °C ± 1). The control sample (uncoated), PG/SA with 3% CuO NPs, PG/SA with 1% HEO, and PG/SA with 3% CuO NPs and 1% HEO (PG/SA-HC) were examined through chemical, microbial, and sensory analysis. The results revealed that the PG/SA-HC sample after 15 days of refrigeration demonstrated a significantly lower value than the others for total viable counts (8.08 log CFU/g), total psychotropic counts (7.09 log CFU/g), Pseudomonas spp. counts (5.90 log CFU/g), 2-thiobarbituric acid (2.11 mg/kg), and total volatile basic nitrogen (21.31 mg/100 g), highlighting the potential synergistic effect of CuO NPs and HEO on enhancing the quality and shelf-life characteristics of the fillets. Furthermore, PG/SA coatings did not have any negative effects on the sensory attributes of the silver carp fillets. Finally, the addition of both HEO and CuO NPs in preparing PG/SA coatings provided a significantly improved coating material almost in all aspects.
Symptoms of ADHD and Other Common Mental Disorders Influence Academic Success in South African Undergraduates
Authors: Mohamad Nawal , Rousseau Kim-Louise , Dowlut Fatimah , Gering Milton , Thomas Kevin G. F.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent among university students. These symptoms, particularly the inattentive cluster, predispose students to poorer academic performance and worse academic adjustment. Moreover, ADHD symptoms are often comorbid with other common mental disorders; this comorbidity also leads to poor outcomes. South African students often have fewer resources to successfully transition to university. Hence, our longitudinal study used data from a sample of South African first-year undergraduate students to investigate (a) associations between ADHD symptoms and academic performance/adjustment, (b) separate influences of the inattentive and hyperactivity-impulsivity clusters on academic performance/adjustment, and (c) the influence of the combination of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities on academic performance/adjustment.

Method:

We collected data three times through the first semester of 2023. Predictors within our regression models included sociodemographic variables, psychological variables (self-reported symptoms of ADHD, depression, anxiety, and risky alcohol use), and high school academic performance. Outcomes were first-semester GPA and self-reported academic adjustment (magnitude of change across the semester and overall adjustment at the end of the semester).

Results:

Analyses showed that, unlike academic performance ( N = 506), magnitude of change in academic adjustment ( N = 180) was significantly predicted by ADHD symptoms and the combination of ADHD ( p = .02), depression ( p < .001), and anxiety symptoms ( p = .01). Inattentive ADHD symptoms predicted both academic performance and magnitude of change in academic adjustment.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that the presence of ADHD symptoms (both with and without other common mental disorders) is associated with a smaller magnitude of academic adjustment, and that the presence of inattentive symptoms of ADHD is associated with both poorer academic performance and smaller magnitude of academic adjustment. These findings are significant in informing future interventions targeting the academic outcomes of first-year university students.
Impact of mitomycin C on surgical outcomes of PAUL glaucoma implant in neovascular glaucoma: 12-month follow-up results
Authors: Olgun Ali , Karapapak Murat
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant (PGI) and the adjunctive impact of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) on surgical outcomes in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods

This retrospective, comparative study included NVG patients who underwent PGI implantation. The cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1 (PGI without MMC) and Group 2 (PGI with MMC). Inclusion criteria encompassed a minimum 12-month postoperative follow-up and preoperative light perception. Surgical success was defined as maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6–21 mmHg without additional surgical intervention from the third month to the end of the 12-month follow-up. Failure due to hypotony was defined as an IOP ≤5 mmHg.

Results

The study enrolled a total of eighty-one patients, with 40 patients in Group 1 and 41 in Group 2. There were no significant differences in the demographic data and baseline ocular characteristics between the groups. Group 1 required more medications at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.05 for all). Surgical success rates at 12 months were 85% for Group 1 and 87.8% for Group 2, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.140). Group 2 demonstrated a lower frequency of additional glaucoma procedures (p = 0.003) and delayed ripcord suture removal (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Incorporating MMC as an adjunct to PGI implantation may improve IOP control and decrease the requirement for additional medications and surgical interventions in NVG patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the surgical success criterion.