bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PV Rooftop Repowering Potential In Indonesia: Study Case
Authors: Barran Ihsan , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is intensively building solar energy, which divided into three types, namely rooftop, solar farm, and floating solar with a target-installed capacity of 37.15 GW. A lot of land area is required for the development of solar energy for the next 20-25 years. The average land area required for 1 PV module is approximately 2 m2, so it is predicted that the new land area needed will be difficult to obtain in the future. Repowering is a solution to deal with these potential problems, repowering is an interesting new business in Europe when we have to face power plants that have entered the end-of-life. The study aims to analyze if repowering is implemented, we can reduce the Levelized Cost of Electricity. A plant with a capacity of 1.4 MWp will be used as the basis for the simulation. Using a monitoring system to see energy production, temperature, irradiance, and performance ratio is used as the methodology for collecting data. After that, it will analyze from a technical and economic point of view. The result shows that energy production increased by 24% or by 10,645,786 kWh and the Levelized Cost of Electricity decreased by 0.02 USD/kWh with an IRR of 5.67% and a payback period of 14.5 years. This study finds that repowering can reduce electricity tariffs and increase energy production.
Unlocking Hydrogen Full Potential as ASEAN Future Energy
Authors: Clarance Fernando
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen or also known as H2 in chemical writing become one of a high potential renewable fuel, energy storage, and energy carrier. There’s various types of hydrogen based on its processing, which are Black & Brown Hydrogen, Grey Hydrogen (95% of hydrogen produced from this type), Blue Hydrogen, Bio-Hydrogen, and Green-Hydrogen. Blue and green hydrogen is the suitable choices for energy application especially in ASEAN because of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology that applied on the process and greenhouse gases (GHG) free. But generally, hydrogen application in ASEAN is not optimally unlocked, only a few countries and a few sectors applied hydrogen as renewable energy sources (RESs). The main problems on these issues are hydrogen application cost is not competitive to other RESs. The high cost of hydrogen might cause by high production cost that should be lowered down by applying various technology to the production process such as CMR-SMR. This study critically research on solution of how hydrogen can be used optimally in ASEAN from technical, technology, and economics perspectives.
Crystalline C3N4/CeO2composites as photocatalyst for hydrogen production in visible light
Authors: Saman F , Bahruji H , Mahadi H
Published: March 2022

Crystalline carbon nitride (C-C3N4) doped with cerium oxide (CeO2) was synthesized using ionothermal method to increase the photocatalytic activity for H2production. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) obtained from direct pyrolysis of urea at 550°C was subsequently annealed with a mixture of KCl and LiCl to obtain C-C3N4. CeO2was doped onto C-C3N4and g-C3N4via calcination at 550°C. XRD analysis showed the formation of high intensity C3N4and CeO2peaks in C-C3N4/CeO2, meanwhile g-C3N4/CeO2only showed CeO2peaks. FTIR analysis confirmed all the samples contained C3N4polymeric structure. The specific surface area of g-C3N4was measured at 61 m2/g. The surface area increased to 92 m2/g when g-C3N4transformed into C-C3N4, and further increased to 106 m2/g on C-C3N4/CeO2. The photocatalytic activity for H2gas production showed significant increase of H2rate on C-C3N4/CeO2compared to g-C3N4/CeO2and g-C3N4. The high crystallinity and high surface area were suggested to enhance photocatalytic activity of C-C3N4/CeO2in visible light presumably due to the increase of electron and hole lifetimes.
PV industry in China and three Southeast Asia countries: A systematic literature review using PRISMA
Authors: Rizqullah Hasian Rambey Muhammad Faiz , Setiawan Eko Adhi , Madsuha Alfian Ferdiansyah
Published: March 2022

One form of renewable energy utilization that has been recognized as environmentally friendly and helps maintain world carbon emissions is Photovoltaic (PV), where global energy companies are starting to move towards PV investment. This study highlights the PV industry condition in China as a giant country in producing PV and three South-East Asia states. Systematic literature review with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) is used as the methodology for collecting data. PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator Group, Outcome or Endpoint, Study Design) is used as an approach method for forming questions in searching for data sources. PRISMA diagrams are formulated in a hierarchical form to select potential sources of literature. Finally, this study uses 71 literatures from China, 5 literatures from Indonesia, 9 literatures from Malaysia, and 4 literatures from Vietnam. This finding indicates that with abundant literature discusses China’s PV industry, their PV industry is more advanced compared to three South-East Asia countries, which they are still lack understanding and knowledge of PV especially its industry and their aim for PV industry is still unclear.
Evaluation Of Reservoir Performance On Flood Discharge Plan Using HEC-HMS Modelling (Case Study: Selorejo Reservoir
Authors: Susetyo Dhany , Cahyono C.
Published: March 2022

Water is a valuable resource for humanity, because of this fact humanity has to manage the amount of water resource whether it is in excess condition or scarce. excess water is a problem in water management. Because it can cause natural disasters and waste water in vain. Therefore, water needs to be properly regulated. One way to regulate water is by structural means or it can also be called water reservoirs. Reservoir is one of the structures that are suitable to hold water and become a means to regulate the water itself. Referring to the POW (dam operation pattern) and ROTW (annual reservoir operation plan) from the Ministry of PUPR, it is said that the condition of the reservoir must be reviewed for development and changes in its utilization at least every 5 years. The solution chosen to evaluate the selorejo reservoir is to use the Rain-runoff Relationship Model in this case using HEC-HMS version 4.2.1, to find out whether the reservoir is still able to accommodate the flood discharge that was planned at the beginning of construction. Due to the age of the Selorejo Reservoir which has reached 48 years, the Selorejo Reservoir itself is planned with an effective age of 50 years. From analysis result we can conclude that even there is change in reservoir capacity due to sedimentation, Selorejo Reservoir still able to accommodate 1000-year Period Flood and if the reservoir kept in +610 m level, it will be able to accommodate PMF Flood.
Feeder design for sustainable transportation using stated preference: case study in Gubug-Tegowanu, Grobogan City
Authors: Hartini S , Audina S , Saptadi S , Pasha C Y
Published: March 2022

Bus Rapid Transit is mass transportation which was developed as a way to promote sustainable social mobility. To increase BRT effectiveness, it needs a feeder design that connects the region of the villages in Grobogan City, passed by the BRT Semarang-Gubug route. This research used the stated preference method to know passengers’ responses to the offered design in Gubug – Tegowanu via Kapung. The questionnaires survey and interview started by determining the number of samples using purposive sampling technique and distribute it in 8 different scenarios to motorcycle users in Grobogan City. After the collected result is validated, the data is processed with multiple linear regression and binomial logit to get the probability of feeder choicer, the model predicts the probability of choosing between two modes of transportation based on cost, travel time, and waiting time attributes. The sensitivity analysis shows that the significant attribute which affects the modal shift is the waiting time/headway. The probability of modal shift passengers in optimist scenario is 0.8310 with travel cost is IDR 3,500, travel time is 15 minutes and waiting time/headway is 10 minutes maximum.
The Study on Using HDPE and Crumb Rubber on Concrete Mixture
Authors: Harsojo Achmad Priandika , Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma
Published: March 2022

In 2018, about 24% of waste in Indonesia has not been managed properly, which resulted in about 15 out of 65 million tons of garbage produced in Indonesia every day ended up polluting the environment. One solution that has been applied was to recycle certain types of waste, such as crumb rubber and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic and mix them in concrete mixture. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effects of waste usage in concrete mixtures against compressive strength, porosity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. The waste material used was processed into a fine grain shape and passes a filter of 2.36 mm. The percentage of waste that will be used to replace the fine aggregate levels of concrete was 5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 17.5%. From the research results, it can be observed that increasing the waste content in conventional concrete increases the compressive strength but reduces the EC value.
Integration of land survey data using aerial photogrammetry method on 3 dimensional bim (Building Information Modeling) Modeling
Authors: Christian Y. , Setyandito O. , Juliastuti  , Haripriambodo T.
Published: March 2022

The use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in land surveys and the implementation of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in the construction world has begun to be used frequently, both in the manufacture of infrastructure and building structures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of UAV in land surveys with parameters of cost, quality and time, and to find out whether the land survey can be integrated with a 3-dimensional design with applications related to BIM. This study uses secondary data in the form of aerial photo data and 3-dimensional BIM design data, which produces some data such as 3-dimensional data from the layout of a land using UAV, with a fairly good level of effectiveness compared to previous studies. In addition, the results of the integration of a 3-dimensional map of a land survey using a UAV with a 3-dimensional design of the BIM method can provide a visualization of the design form with actual conditions in the field.
The Impact of Sound Sources on Perception Dimensions in Indonesian Settlements Area
Authors: Djimantoro M I
Published: March 2022

The disruptive technology and Covid-19 pandemic situation caused many activities to be carried out at home. Activities at home often cause physical and mental health problems if not supported by an excellent residential environment. The United Nations also emphasized that this attention to physical and mental health is one of the sustainable issues that need to be taken seriously by paying attention to the quality of the surrounding environment. An alternative approach to improve mental health is through a soundscape approach. A soundscape is an approach that investigates the relationship between the acoustic environment and the perception of the environment it evokes. This study tried to look at the relationship between the sound source around the Indonesian settlement area and the residents’ resulting perception. Resident’s perception data are collected in several residential areas in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate the elements of sound sources that affect the perception of residential areas. These elements need to be regulated to improve physical and mental health in the residential area, to create a more sustainable environment for humans.
The Impact of Indoor Lighting on Work Comfortability in Temporary Workspace at Home during Work from Home (WFH)
Authors: Yunita Indah Puspa , Dewi Ova Candra
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the significance of the indoor lighting effect on work productivity. The outcome of this research is expected to become a reference in improving the indoor lighting quality for the temporary workspace at home. Space utilisation for work at home increases in line with the practice of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and Work from Home (WFH). It forces some of the space function changes in the worker’s house. Work activities need to be supported by Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC), one of which is the suitability of light intensity and light temperature to the room functions. By applying a mixed-method approach, the research began with quantitative research, correlating the result analysed by the Pearson method. The research continued by qualitative research, study case approach. The collected data is analysed by the Tau Kendall method. The result of this research indicates that there is a significant positive correlation but not significant as indicated by the Pearson rvalue of 0.372 between the respondent’s thoughts about indoor lighting to their work duration.
Actions for Sustainability: The implementation of Recycling Thermoplastics in Furniture Design for Painting Community in Jakarta
Authors: Sofiana Yunida , Wulandari Nuraini , Indahyani Titi
Published: March 2022

Concern for the environment, especially the pile of plastic waste, is an issue that needs attention, especially for designers and the communities. How can both of them contribute to environmental care through the application of sustainable design into existing facilities in the community? The focus of this paper is how the implementation of thermoplastics recycled materials (HDPE) for furniture in the painting community can be an inspiration and educational value for the painting community's action in sustainability. The paper will be discussed the design process of design inspiration with the implementation of thermoplastics (HDPE) as a recycled material that can be an inspiration for the painting community and analyze the application of thermoplastics (HDPE) as recycled materials in the design process carried out. The research was conducted in descriptive qualitative research consists of literature review on sustainable design, thermoplastics (HDPE), recycled materials, and painting community activity and by doing some observation on related design implementation and how the design process could extend the series of furniture for painting community. The results of this paper are how the furniture design can be used by the painting community as an inspiration and educational action for sustainability. The resulting design is expected to be an inspiration and educational value for other communities and society on how thermoplastics (HDPE) as recycled materials from waste products can be implemented for sustainable living.
Ecology and Architecture in the art of making an Aesthetics Artwork
Authors: Ardiani Yanita Mila
Published: March 2022

Architectural inspiration comes from a combination of various multidisciplinary sciences. One of the combinations that inspire Architects to produce works is the combination of Ecology and Architecture, where each other is interrelated. Ecology and natural forms in Ecology can inspire new architectural forms. This paper will discuss the origin of inspiration from ecology that can be applied in Architectural Aesthetics. The method used is to collect precedent studies and literature studies related to these matters. Then, in the end, the works of Bina Nusantara University Architecture Students who designed Aesthetics forms from Architectural Ecology installations will be shown in the Aesthetics course. Experimentation experiments and discussions can inspire students to produce an architectural work from the aesthetic form of a combination of Ecology and Architecture.
The Role of Virtual Reality in Green Building Design
Authors: Suryawinata B A , Mariana Y
Published: March 2022

Green buildings have now become the basis of the ideal sustainable development. The application of the green building concept can be seen from three points of view, namely environmental, economic, and social aspects. Virtual Reality allows researchers to conduct realtime analytical studies of green building indicators and compare them with scenarios at the next design stage. This paper discusses the role of Virtual Reality in green building. The methodology in this paper uses a literature study research method, the data obtained are compiled, analysed, and concluded, to get a conclusion about the role of Virtual Reality in green building. From several literature studies, there are many things that can be done by Virtual Reality technology in applying the concept of green building.
CleverCart: An Eco-Friendly Shopping Self-Checkout System with IoT sensor
Authors: Sukhani Krishita , Nurul Qomariyah Nunung , Andi Purwita Ardimas
Published: March 2022

CleverCart is an automated shopping cart that uses IoT to connect to users’ phone and act as a personal cashier for customers that are shopping in a grocery store. The CleverCart shopping cart is able to connect to the phone via the CleverCart shopping app. The CleverCart mobile application would be able to connect with the cart by scanning the QR code of the cart once connected, the users are able to scan items that they want to purchase and can proceed to put it in the cart, the weighing sensors installed within the cart will cross check whether the weight of the product scanned and the weight of the product added in the cart should be the same. The app also has features such as “shopping list” that reminds users what items are needed to be purchase and once the customers are finished, they can simply choose an electronic payment method to pay. The purpose behind CleverCart is to minimize human interaction in grocery stores and to speed up payments.
Design and Prototyping of Temperature Monitoring System for Hydraulic Cylinder in Heavy Equipment using ESP32 with data logging and WiFi Connectivity
Authors: Linggarjati Jimmy
Published: March 2022

Measurement and data-logging of temperature are important in industrial application. This paper discusses the implementation of monitoring temperature of cylinder hydraulic of a heavy equipment such as excavator in the field. For monitoring the temperatures, DS18b20 sensors are used to sense the hydraulic arms in the excavator. Due to sensing moving parts such as hydraulic arms, a WiFi technology is used to transmit temperature’s data to a browser. The ESP-NOW technology from Espressif ESP32 is chosen to minimize the electrical energy drained from the Lipo’s battery. Data-logging is done in a browser environment, by using javascript, websockets, css, and html technologies. The result shows that the usage of ESP32 in monitoring the temperatures, can be used in the real-time mode for the monitoring of excavator operations. And the 20000mAh battery-based system can last for approximately a month by using ESP-NOW technology from the Espressif.
Smart IoT CPO Storage Tank
Authors: Arnalis Renjani Rengga , Hermantoro  , Okta Adi Nugraha Prima , Purwandari Kartika , Suparyanto Teddy , Pardamean Bens
Published: March 2022

Indonesia’s crude palm oil (CPO) production from year to year continues to increase, at the end of 2020 it reached 17.35 million tons, up 3.6% from the previous year. Increasing production will result in more CPO stock and require good storage. The storage process that occurs is to maintain the temperature of the CPO so that the quality is not damaged. This temperature regulation is still done manually and raises the risk of work accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature control system and automatic volume measurement that can be monitored from a smartphone. The manufacture of a control system used ESP8266 NodeMCu microcontroller, temperature sensor, proximity sensor, and 1000-Watt heater. Programming used the Arduino IDE and C++. The result of this study was an IoT CPO Storage Tank design equipped with sensors and microcontrollers. The temperature was measured with the DS18B20 sensor had a data accuracy of 99.19% while the volume measured with the HC-SR04 sensor had an accuracy of 99.78%. Data obtained from the sensor could be seen through the Thingspeak application from a computer or smartphone.
Indoor Hydroponic System Using IoT-Based LED
Authors: Atmadja Wiedjaja , Alexander Ivan , Dewanto Satrio , Cahya Nugraha Adela , Gokparulian Stefan
Published: March 2022

The goal of this research is to design a hydroponic automation system for germination until generative growth based on ESP32 microcontroller, and BLYNK called LOTUS. ESP32 acts as main controller for all sensors and actuators. LOTUS able to control temperature, humidity, irrigation, and automatic lighting. LOTUS uses automatic irrigation with ebb-and-flow method. LOTUS included with LED Drivers that able to regulate the amount of light intensity on LED and provide more power efficient usage level. System successfully manages to reduce temperature, humidity, automatic lighting, and irrigation on time. Results from this research show that reading accuracy of the sensors temperature and humidity are, 99,11% for temperature, 97,275% for humidity, power usage for whole system is 49,6 watt, and adjustable irrigation system.
Eco-friendly packaging determination in the food industry
Authors: Ivander  , Reynaldi F A O
Published: March 2022

Plastic consumption continues to increase every year, which creates negative impacts on the environment. One type of plastic consumption which significantly contributes to the environment is food packaging. Other food packaging materials that more environmental friendly are available, however the food industries still used non-eco-friendly packaging for their business. The focus of this research is to determine the main considerations of the food industry, which continues to use not eco-friendly packaging as food packaging and provide alternative solutions for the food industry to shift from non-eco-friendly packaging to a more environmental friendly packaging. This research implemented AHP method to identify factors for selecting food packaging, provided assessment model and determined solutions that could encourage the food industry to shift from non-eco-friendly packaging to eco-friendly packaging.
Design and energy assessment of a new hybrid solar drying dome - Enabling Low-Cost, Independent and Smart Solar Dryer for Indonesia Agriculture 4.0
Authors: Gunawan F E , Budiman A S , Pardamean B , Djuana E , Romeli S , Hananda N , Harito C , Aji D P B , Putri D N N , Stevanus
Published: March 2022

Solar dryer is typically used for agricultural purposes in Indonesia. There are many economically important crops requiring storage or drying under particular environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. High temperatures inside solar dryer prevents the growth of microorganism, and quickly reduce moisture content from the substance. A hybrid solar dryer is generally considered to provide the most optimum solution, however solar panels may be expensive and they still only provide heat or energy in the daytime. Hence, we propose here a new kind of hybrid solar dryer for 24/7 optimum conditions for crops - enabled by recent advances in energy technologies as well as Industry 4.0. This study aims to create an efficient, affordable and a self-sufficient intelligent energy system that will be applied to agriculture for storage or drying purposes by measuring the energy needs for the optimal drying system. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate and assess the critical energy needs for such new systems in order to optimize and design such smart solar dryer (SSD) system especially for Indonesia’s agricultural needs. We use design experience of our industry partner (PT Impack Pratama Industri, Indonesia) who has been working extensively on such solar dryer dome (SDD) based on polycarbonate material (only solar irradiation, no other technologies) and theoretical framework based on first principles in thermodynamics to estimate and assess critical energy needs for such dome with all the smart technologies. The calculation was performed based on Mollier diagram and the result still a rough estimation of energy required.
Effects of various cooling temperatures on resistant starch formation and pasting behaviour of autoclaved taro flour
Authors: Hendry  , Aditya Wardana Ata , Surono Ingrid S.
Published: March 2022

Taro is one of the tubers rich in starch which is prospectively improved for its functional properties. In this work, the cooling treatment subjected to the autoclaved taro flour on resistant starch formation and pasting behaviour were evaluated. The flours were autoclaved at 121°C for 30 minutes followed by cooling at different temperatures (25, 4, and -20°C) and repeated twice cycles. Among the cooling treatments, the 4°C had the highest RS (13.11%) compared to 25°C and 4°C which were 13.02% and 12.76% respectively. The autoclaved-cooled treatment altered the microstructure of starch granules showing fracture morphology and irregular shape. The starch morphology treated by autoclaving-cooling at the lowest temperature exhibited a slightly rougher and more wrinkled than other cooling temperatures. Moreover, repeated autoclaving-treatment lowered the pasting temperature. Other than the cooled flour at 25°C, the pasting parameters of the treated flours (peak, final viscosity, and setback) were higher than the untreated flour.
Optimization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) rags and salt levels in the development of corned milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Gipolan I G , Tabinas R J
Published: March 2022

Corning is a preservation method that involves soaking the raw material with salt to add flavor and extend shelf life. Milkfish, which is abundant in the Philippines, was developed into a corned product incorporated with a by-product of jackfruit which is the rags. The levels of salt and jackfruit rags were optimized using a 3 by 3 full factorial design with three (3) levels of jackfruit rags (15 g, 20 g, and 25 g) and salt (7.5 g, 15 g and 22.5 g). The result of sensory evaluation revealed that color, odor, taste, and general acceptability were significantly affected by salt, while texture and general acceptability were significantly affected by varying levels of jackfruit rags. The acceptability for all the attributes was moving towards high jackfruit rags and middle level of salt. Treatment 8 consisting of 15 grams salt and 25 grams jackfruit rags with a total cost of 1.74 USD/250 grams fell on the optimum region and was preferred by 55% of the consumers over the commercial brand. This formulation is light brown, moderately salty, slightly tender, has a well-blended fishy odor & jackfruit, liked very much by the panelist, and has a pH of 5.79.
Melt refining and purification processes in Al alloys: a comprehensive study
Authors: Wu Jianxin , Djavanroodi Faramarz , Gode Ceren , Attarilar Shokouh , Ebrahimi Mahmoud
Published: March 2022

Aluminum and its alloys having lots of advantageous properties are among the most-used metallic materials. So, it is of immense importance to find suitable processes and methods leading to high-quality purified Al melt. In this regard, there are numerous challenges in achieving high purity Al melts, such as its propensity to react with air, oxygen, and water vapor, the presence of a variety of oxide, non-oxide, and solid particle inclusions that lead to the production of pores, cracks, pinholes, and dross, finally adversely influencing the overall quality of the product. The main methods of melt refining are fluxing, floatation, and filtration, but more sophisticated methods have also emerged. The best method for purification can be chosen based on the type of impurities and the desired level of purification. With the industrial development, the need to establish more cost-effective and simpler methods has increased, and in addition, methods should be considered for recycling large volumes of scarp Al parts that contain more impurities. Moreover, achieving high purity melt is also a vital issue for use in specific applications. The present article has been written to discuss the above issues and focus on the study of various methods of aluminum purification.
Influence of corona discharge on the hydrophobic behaviour of nano/micro filler based silicone rubber insulators
Authors: Tahir M Hijaaj , Arshad A , Manzoor Habib Ullah
Published: March 2022

Silicone rubber is one of the most used outdoor insulation materials in the last few decades due to its improved performance in contaminated and humid conditions. The improved performance of silicone rubber insulators is due to their hydrophobic nature, however, the organic nature of silicone molecules makes them vulnerable to ageing and degradation. This paper aims at investigating the loss and recovery of hydrophobicity of four different silicone rubber micro/nanocomposites exposed to corona discharge. The samples were exposed to corona discharge generated by pin-plate electrode configuration under AC stress. A series of tests were performed to observe the impact of different electrode-sample gaps and for various periods of corona exposure. The hydrophobicity of samples was measured pre and post corona exposures at various intervals up to 72 h. This time could confirm the hydrophobicity recovery process. Numerical simulations were also performed in COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate the electric fields along the sample surface at different electrode gaps. Experimental results showed that samples recovery time was proportional to the duration of exposure to corona discharge and inversely proportional to the electrode-sample gap. Among all, samples with 2.5% nano-silica as additive showed better hydrophobicity recovery. Simulation results showed that an increase in electrode gap resulted in decreased electric field intensity, hence supporting the experimental outcomes.
A novel flexible plasma array for large-area uniform treatment of an irregular surface
Authors: LIU Baowang , QI Fei , ZHOU Dejiang , NIE Lanlan , XIAN Yubin , LU Xinpei
Published: March 2022

In this work, we demonstrate a flexible multi-pin plasma generator with movable electrodes, which can change the shape of the electrode array freely, and then provide a large-area uniform plasma for the treatment of surfaces of different shapes. Discharge characteristics including U–I waveforms and discharge images and sterilization performance under three different electrode configurations (flat–flat, flat–curve, curve–curve) are investigated. Very similar results are acquired between the flat–flat configuration and the curve–curve configuration, which is much better than that under flat–curve configuration. This flexible multi-pin plasma generator offers a simple method to treat different irregularly shaped surfaces uniformly with a single device. Moreover, this device provides a foundation for developing a self-adaption large-scale uniform plasma generator by further introducing automatic adjustment of the position of every electrode driven by motors with discharge current feedback in the following study. Thus it will promote the applications of atmospheric-pressure cold plasmas significantly.
Scattering of a surface wave in a polygonal domain with impedance boundary
Authors: Lyalinov M. , Zhu N.
Published: March 2022

The two-dimensional (2D) domain under study is bounded from below by two semi-infinite and, between them, two finite straight lines; on each of the straight lines (segments), a usually individual impedance boundary condition is imposed. An incident surface wave, propagating from infinity along one semi-infinite segment of the polygonal domain, excites outgoing surface waves both on the same segment (a reflected wave) and on the second semi-infinite segment (a transmitted wave); in addition, a circular (cylindrical) outgoing wave will be generated in the far field. The scattered wave field satisfies the Helmholtz equation and the Robin (in other words, impedance) boundary conditions as well as some special integral form of the Sommerfeld radiation conditions. It is shown that a classical solution of the problem is unique. By the use of some known extension of the Sommerfeld–Malyuzhinets technique, the problem is reduced to functional Malyuzhinets equations and then to a system of integral equations of the second kind with integral operator depending on a characteristic parameter. The Fredholm property of the equations is established, which also leads to the existence of the solution for noncharacteristic values of the parameter. From the Sommerfeld integral representation of the solution, the far-field asymptotics is developed. Numerical results for the scattering diagram are also presented.
Algebraic 𝐾-theory of 𝑇𝐻𝐻(𝔽_{𝕡})
Authors: Bayındır Haldun Özgür , Moulinos Tasos
Published: March 2022

In this work we study the

E

∞

E_{\infty }

-ring

THH
⁡
(

F

p

)

\operatorname {THH}(\mathbb {F}_p)

as a graded spectrum. Following an identification at the level of

E
2

E_2

-algebras with

F

p

[
Ω

S
3

]

\mathbb {F}_p[\Omega S^3]

, the group ring of the

E
1

E_1

-group

Ω

S
3

\Omega S^3

over

F

p

\mathbb {F}_p

, we show that the grading on

THH
⁡
(

F

p

)

\operatorname {THH}(\mathbb {F}_p)

arises from decomposition on the cyclic bar construction of the pointed monoid

Ω

S
3

\Omega S^3

. This allows us to use trace methods to compute the algebraic

K
K

-theory of

THH
⁡
(

F

p

)

\operatorname {THH}(\mathbb {F}_p)

. We also show that as an

E
2

E_2

H

F

p

H\mathbb {F}_p

-ring,

THH
⁡
(

F

p

)

\operatorname {THH}(\mathbb {F}_p)

is uniquely determined by its homotopy groups. These results hold in fact for

THH
⁡
(
k
)

\operatorname {THH}(k)

, where

k
k

is any perfect field of characteristic

p
p

. Along the way we expand on some of the methods used by Hesselholt-Madsen and later by Speirs to develop certain tools to study the THH of graded ring spectra and the algebraic

K
K

-theory of formal DGAs.
Effects of visual and aromatic stimulations on the perception of five fundamental tastes
Authors: Itoh Mayu , Kitagawa Aya , Ouchi Harumi , Yamaguchi Mana , Watanabe Ran , Sone Hideyuki , Kamiyama Shin
Published: March 2022

Taste perception is affected by various environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of visual and aromatic stimulations on stress responses and taste perception. Fourteen young healthy participants were assessed for stress levels and taste intensities under 5 different conditions: normal (no stimuli), watching an action scene, watching a forest scene, sniffing a rosemary aroma, and sniffing a lavender aroma. Compared to participants under the action scene condition, participants under the forest scene or under the rosemary aroma condition showed significantly lower stress levels. Furthermore, the forest scene condition significantly increased the saltiness intensity, whereas the rosemary aroma condition significantly increased the bitterness intensity. A positive or negative correlation was observed between the stress level and taste intensity of sourness and saltiness, respectively. These findings indicate that visual image and aroma have the potential to change taste perception as well as modulate stress conditions.
A tool for feature extraction from biological sequences
Authors: Amerifar Sare , Norouzi Mahammad , Ghandi Mahmoud
Published: March 2022

With the advances in sequencing technologies, a huge amount of biological data is extracted nowadays. Analyzing this amount of data is beyond the ability of human beings, creating a splendid opportunity for machine learning methods to grow. The methods, however, are practical only when the sequences are converted into feature vectors. Many tools target this task including iLearnPlus, a Python-based tool which supports a rich set of features. In this paper, we propose a holistic tool that extracts features from biological sequences (i.e. DNA, RNA and Protein). These features are the inputs to machine learning models that predict properties, structures or functions of the input sequences. Our tool not only supports all features in iLearnPlus but also 30 additional features which exist in the literature. Moreover, our tool is based on R language which makes an alternative for bioinformaticians to transform sequences into feature vectors. We have compared the conversion time of our tool with that of iLearnPlus: we transform the sequences much faster. We convert small nucleotides by a median of 2.8X faster, while we outperform iLearnPlus by a median of 6.3X for large sequences. Finally, in amino acids, our tool achieves a median speedup of 23.9X.
A novel high throughput screen to identify candidate molecular networks that regulate spermatogenic stem cell functions
Authors: Lord Tessa , Law Nathan C , Oatley Melissa J , Miao Deqiang , Du Guihua , Oatley Jon M
Published: March 2022

Spermatogenic regeneration is key for male fertility and relies on activities of an undifferentiated spermatogonial population. Here, a high-throughput approach with primary cultures of mouse spermatogonia was devised to rapidly predict alterations in functional capacity. Combining the platform with a large-scale RNAi screen of transcription factors, we generated a repository of new information from which pathway analysis was able to predict candidate molecular networks regulating regenerative functions. Extending from this database, the SRCAP-CREBBP/EP300 (Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein-CREB binding protein/E1A binding protein P300) complex was found to mediate differential levels of histone acetylation between stem cell and progenitor spermatogonia to influence expression of key self-renewal genes including the previously undescribed testis-specific transcription factor ZSCAN2 (zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 2). Single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ZSCAN2 deficiency alters key cellular processes in undifferentiated spermatogonia such as translation, chromatin modification, and ubiquitination. In Zscan2 knockout mice, while spermatogenesis was moderately impacted during steady state, regeneration after cytotoxic insult was significantly impaired. Altogether, these findings have validated the utility of our high-throughput screening approach and have generated a transcription factor database that can be utilized for uncovering novel mechanisms governing spermatogonial functions.
The functions ofWt1in mouse gonad development and somatic cells differentiation
Authors: Chen Min , Cen Changhuo , Wang Nan , Shen Zhiming , Wang Mengyue , Liu Bowen , Li Jiayi , Cui Xiuhong , Wang Yanbo , Gao Fei
Published: March 2022

Wilms’ tumor 1 (Wt1) encodes a zinc finger nuclear transcription factor which is mutated in 15–20% of Wilms’ tumor, a pediatric kidney tumor. Wt1 has been found to be involved in the development of many organs. In gonads, Wt1 is expressed in genital ridge somatic cells before sex determination, and its expression is maintained in Sertoli cells and granulosa cells after sex determination. It has been demonstrated that Wt1 is required for the survival of the genital ridge cells. Homozygous mutation of Wt1 causes gonad agenesis. Recent studies find that Wt1 plays important roles in lineage specification and maintenance of gonad somatic cells. In this review, we will summarize the recent research works about Wt1 in gonadal somatic cell differentiation.
Electroencephalography complexity in resting and task states in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Gu Chao , Liu Zhong-Xu , Woltering Steven
Published: March 2022

Analysing EEG complexity could provide insight into neural connectivity underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. EEG complexity was calculated through multiscale entropy and compared between adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their peers during resting and go/nogo task states. Multiscale entropy change from the resting state to the task state was also examined as an index of the brain’s ability to change from a resting to an active state. Thirty unmedicated adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were compared with 30 match-paired healthy peers on the multiscale entropy in the resting and task states as well as their multiscale entropy change. Results showed differences in multiscale entropy between individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their peers during the resting state as well as the task state. The multiscale entropy measured from the comparison group was larger than that from the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group in the resting state, whereas the reverse pattern was found during the task state. Our most robust finding showed that the multiscale entropy change from individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was smaller than that from their peers, specifically at frontal sites. Interestingly, individuals without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder performed better with decreasing multiscale entropy changes, demonstrating higher accuracy, faster reaction time and less variability in their reaction times. These data suggest that multiscale entropy could not only provide insight into neural connectivity differences between adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their peers but also into their behavioural performance.
Signals from posterior parietal area 5 to motor cortex during locomotion
Authors: Beloozerova Irina N , Nilaweera Wijitha U , Viana Di Prisco Gonzalo , Marlinski Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Area 5 of the parietal cortex is part of the “dorsal stream” cortical pathway which processes visual information for action. The signals that area 5 ultimately conveys to motor cortex, the main area providing output to the spinal cord, are unknown. We analyzed area 5 neuronal activity during vision-independent locomotion on a flat surface and vision-dependent locomotion on a horizontal ladder in cats focusing on corticocortical neurons (CCs) projecting to motor cortex from the upper and deeper cortical layers and compared it to that of neighboring unidentified neurons (noIDs). We found that upon transition from vision-independent to vision-dependent locomotion, the low discharge of CCs in layer V doubled and the proportion of cells with 2 bursts per stride tended to increase. In layer V, the group of 2-bursters developed 2 activity peaks that coincided with peaks of gaze shifts along the surface away from the animal, described previously. One-bursters and either subpopulation in supragranular layers did not transmit any clear unified stride-related signal to the motor cortex. Most CC group activities did not mirror those of their noID counterparts. CCs with receptive fields on the shoulder, elbow, or wrist/paw discharged in opposite phases with the respective groups of pyramidal tract neurons of motor cortex, the cortico-spinal cells.
Disease Burden and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients According to Therapy at Enrollment Into CorEvitas’ Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry
Authors: Cross Raymond K , Naegeli April N , Harrison Ryan W , Moore Page C , Mackey Rachel H , Crabtree Margaux M , Lemay Celeste A , Arora Vipin , Morris Nathan , Sontag Angelina , Kayhan Cem , Korzenik Joshua R
Published: March 2022

Background

To evaluate disease burden and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients at enrollment into CorEvitas’ Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry by therapy class.

Methods

Between May 3, 2017 and September 3, 2019, 773 UC registry patients were categorized by therapy class at enrollment: patients on 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs) only (n = 290), and patients on biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) alone or in combination with 5-ASAs or immunosuppressant therapies (BIO/JAKi) (n = 315). To quantify between group differences, the mean/proportional differences and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated.

Results

Among 605 UC patients at enrollment, BIO/JAKi patients were younger (44.1 vs. 50.9 years) more were female (58.0% vs. 49.7%), had lower remission (45.4% vs. 60.0%), had more moderate/severe disease (16.5% vs. 7.1%), experienced less proctitis (10.5% vs. 22.1%), but more pancolitis (54.6% vs. 34.1%), more corticosteroid experience (70.8% vs. 44.5%), previous biologic experience (1 prior: 21.6% vs. 2.4%; 2+ prior: 12.1% vs. 0.3%), and shorter duration of current UC therapy (1.6 vs. 3.5 years) than 5-ASAs patients. BIO/JAKi patients had higher current employment than 5-ASAs patients (70.7% vs. 62.4%) and higher mean Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) domains for absenteeism (7.3 vs. 2.8) and activity impairment (22.0 vs. 17.5).

Conclusions

Among UC patients in a real-world setting, BIO/JAKi patients had less remission, more moderate-to-severe disease, and worse PROs than 5-ASAs patients. These results suggest that despite increased therapeutic options, patients with UC currently being treated with biologics or JAKi may still experience disease burden and continued unmet needs.
Interleukin-23 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Implications for Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Sewell Gavin W , Kaser Arthur
Published: March 2022

The interleukin-23 [IL-23] cytokine, derived predominantly from macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial stimulation, has emerged as a critical promoter of chronic intestinal inflammation. Genome-wide association studies linking variants in IL23R to disease protection, bolstered by experimental evidence from colitis models, and the successful application of therapies against the IL-12/IL-23 shared p40 subunit in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] all provide compelling evidence of a crucial role for IL-23 in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, targeting the p19 subunit specific for IL-23 has shown considerable promise in recent phase 2 studies in IBD. The relative importance of the diverse immunological pathways downstream of IL-23 in propagating mucosal inflammation in the gut, however, remains contentious. Here we review current understanding of IL-23 biology and explore its pleiotropic effects on T cells, and innate lymphoid, myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells in the context of the pathogenesis of IBD. We furthermore discuss these pathways in the light of recent evidence from clinical trials and indicate emerging targets amenable to therapeutic intervention and translation into clinical practice.
Axon-dendrite and apical-basolateral sorting in a single neuron
Authors: Lillis Monique , Zaccardi Nathan J , Heiman Maxwell G
Published: March 2022

Cells are highly organized machines with functionally specialized compartments. For example, membrane proteins are localized to axons or dendrites in neurons and to apical or basolateral surfaces in epithelial cells. Interestingly, many sensory cells—including vertebrate photoreceptors and olfactory neurons—exhibit both neuronal and epithelial features. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans amphid neurons simultaneously exhibit axon-dendrite sorting like a neuron and apical-basolateral sorting like an epithelial cell. The distal ∼5–10 µm of the dendrite is apical, while the remainder of the dendrite, soma, and axon are basolateral. To determine how proteins are sorted among these compartments, we studied the localization of the conserved adhesion molecule SAX-7/L1CAM. Using minimal synthetic transmembrane proteins, we found that the 91-aa cytoplasmic tail of SAX-7 is necessary and sufficient to direct basolateral localization. Basolateral localization can be fully recapitulated using either of 2 short (10-aa or 19-aa) tail sequences that, respectively, resemble dileucine and Tyr-based motifs known to mediate sorting in mammalian epithelia. The Tyr-based motif is conserved in human L1CAM but had not previously been assigned a function. Disrupting key residues in either sequence leads to apical localization, while “improving” them to match epithelial sorting motifs leads to axon-only localization. Indeed, changing only 2 residues in a short motif is sufficient to redirect the protein between apical, basolateral, and axonal localization. Our results demonstrate that axon-dendrite and apical-basolateral sorting pathways can coexist in a single cell, and suggest that subtle changes to short sequence motifs are sufficient to redirect proteins between these pathways.