bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing organic food purchase intentions: eco-literacy and innovation resistance
Authors: Bhutto Muhammad Yaseen , Rūtelionė Aušra
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This research examines consumer reluctance to purchase organic food using the theory of innovation resistance and also extends the theory by investigating the moderating influence of eco-literacy. In addition, the authors used a multigroup analysis to identify differences between consumer segments.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection used computer-assisted web interviewing and a prior screening process to confirm engagement. Through stratified quota sampling, 1,000 useable responses were obtained from 2,887 recipients.

Findings

The findings reveal barriers are significant inhibitors to adopting organic food. Among these barriers, usage, risk tradition and image barriers have a significant adverse influence on purchase intention. In contrast, the value barrier has a nonsignificant influence on the purchase intention of organic food. However, the study found that eco-literacy significantly reduces the negative influence of risk and tradition barriers on consumers' intentions. In addition, a multigroup analysis examines notable differences between consumer groups based on education, age and income.

Social implications

This research has significant social implications for boosting sustainable consumption in Lithuania. It identifies key barriers to organic food adoption, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions. The study highlights eco-literacy as an essential tool in diminishing resistance to organic food, advocating for targeted educational initiatives. Additionally, it reveals the importance of tailored marketing strategies based on different consumer demographics. Overall, this study provides important insights to promote environmentally conscious consumer behavior and overcome resistance to innovation in the organic food sector.

Originality/value

This study expressively advances the understanding of intentional behavior by exploring organic food within Lithuania's Baltic economy. It authenticates the innovation resistance theory's applicability to organic food behavior in the region while emphasizing the moderating impact of eco-literacy in the link between barriers and purchase intention concerning organic food. Furthermore, using advanced methods such as partial least squares statistical modeling and multi-group analysis, the research reveals how barriers affect the purchase intention of organic food among different groups of consumers.
Collective shared value creation as emergent strategy for cluster management organizations
Authors: Grimbert Stephanie Francis , Wilson James R. , Amores Bravo Xavier , Pezzi Alberto
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Cluster management organizations (CMOs) have emerged over the past few decades as intermediaries that support the competitiveness of place-based clusters of economic activity. Despite their economic origins, policymakers are now starting to experiment with a broader use for cluster policies that seeks to leverage CMOs to tackle societal challenges in approaches aligned with the concept of creating shared value (CSV). However, there remains a void in conceptual understanding around the specific roles that CMOs might play in overcoming the barriers faced by their members for CSV, which this paper aims to address. Bridging this gap presents an opportunity for cluster practitioners and policymakers in a context in which environmental and social sustainability are at the top of policy agendas.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on analysis of literature around collaborative approaches to CSV for mitigating transaction costs, the authors define the contours of a new conceptual framework for the roles that CMOs can play in fostering collective CSV. The authors illustrate how the different components of the framework are reflected in emerging cluster practice in the context of a new wave of European cluster-based projects tackling CSV elements.

Findings

The resulting framework reconciles the concepts of clusters and CSV by explicitly positioning CMOs as intermediaries for facilitating the CSV strategies of their members. CMOs embrace emergent strategy making that targets (tangible and intangible) collective CSV capabilities and addresses collective CSV challenges. Collective CSV can provide a theoretical anchor guiding future cluster policies to fully leverage the transformative potential of CMOs. This conceptual framework opens a promising empirical research agenda, particularly around evaluating the plurality of impacts of CMOs.

Originality/value

By stressing the social impact of CMOs alongside their well-understood economic impacts, and by enabling a categorization of functions that can support the monitoring of CMO activities toward collective CSV strategies, the framework provides a novel basis for inspiring further empirical research into the evidencing of these roles.
Inward foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurship in China: the moderating role of intellectual property infringement hazards
Authors: Liu Na , Bae MoonGyu , Lee Keon Hee
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The scholarly debate regarding the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on entrepreneurship remains inconclusive. This study aims to tackle this discrepancy by positing that the relationship between inward FDI and entrepreneurship in the host nation is not deterministic but is moderated by intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement hazards. These hazards are postulated to dictate the level of knowledge spillovers from inward FDI, thereby affecting entrepreneurial activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses panel data regression analysis using data spanning 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2018. The Hausman test results rejected the null hypothesis, recommending the use of the fixed-effects estimator over the random-effects one for statistical consistency. Therefore, the fixed-effects estimator is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The study’s analysis reveals that the main effect of inward FDI on entrepreneurship is statistically insignificant. However, once IPR infringement hazards are introduced to the model as a moderator, the main effect turns statistically positive and significant. Notably, the positive main effect diminishes as IPR infringement hazards increase.

Originality/value

Highlighting the role of IPR infringement hazards as a moderator, this research unveils the nuanced relationship between inward FDI and entrepreneurship, thereby addressing the ongoing theoretical debate. This study demonstrates that knowledge spillovers from inward FDI are not automatic but depend on concerns about IPR infringements in the host nation. The resultant spillovers are then translated into entrepreneurial activities.
Exploring the dark side effects of visionary leadership – A dual-path perspective of cognition and affect
Authors: Chen Hao , Song Lynda Jiwen , Wei Wu , Wang Liang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test the mechanism of visionary leadership on subordinates' work withdrawal behavior through cognitive strain and psychological contract violation, and also to reveal the possible dark side of visionary leadership. The moderation effects of subordinates' facades of conformity and leader behavioral integrity in the cognition–affect dual-path process are also discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a three-wave longitudinal survey. The data were collected from 574 employees and their superiors in several Chinese enterprises. The authors used Mplus 7.4 and adopted a bootstrapping technique in the data analysis.

Findings

Visionary leadership has positive effects on cognitive strain and psychological contract violation; cognitive strain and psychological contract violation mediate the relationship between visionary leadership and work withdrawal behavior, respectively. Subordinates' facades of conformity and leader behavioral integrity moderate the positive effects of visionary leadership on cognitive strain and psychological contract violation, as well as the indirect effect of visionary leadership on subordinates' work withdrawal behavior through cognitive strain and psychological contract violation.

Originality/value

This study reveals the underlying mechanism of visionary leadership's negative impact on job outcome through the cognition and affective reaction of subordinates to visionary leadership, and broadens the scope of visionary leadership research. It also provides some practical suggestions on how to transmit the organizational vision effectively and reduce subordinates' work withdrawal behavior.
Mobilization, self-expression or argument? A computational method for identifying language styles in political discussion on Twitter
Authors: Hu Lingshu
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study develops a computational method to investigate the predominant language styles in political discussions on Twitter and their connections with users' online characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

This study gathers a large Twitter dataset comprising political discussions across various topics from general users. It utilizes an unsupervised machine learning algorithm with pre-defined language features to detect language styles in political discussions on Twitter. Furthermore, it employs a multinomial model to explore the relationships between language styles and users' online characteristics.

Findings

Through the analysis of over 700,000 political tweets, this study identifies six language styles: mobilizing, self-expressive, argumentative, narrative, analytic and informational. Furthermore, by investigating the covariation between language styles and users' online characteristics, such as social connections, expressive desires and gender, this study reveals a preference for an informational style and an aversion to an argumentative style in political discussions. It also uncovers gender differences in language styles, with women being more likely to belong to the mobilizing group but less likely to belong to the analytic and informational groups.

Practical implications

This study provides insights into the psychological mechanisms and social statuses of users who adopt particular language styles. It assists political communicators in understanding their audience and tailoring their language to suit specific contexts and communication objectives.

Social implications

This study reveals gender differences in language styles, suggesting that women may have a heightened desire for social support in political discussions. It highlights that traditional gender disparities in politics might persist in online public spaces.

Originality/value

This study develops a computational methodology by combining cluster analysis with pre-defined linguistic features to categorize language styles. This approach integrates statistical algorithms with communication and linguistic theories, providing researchers with an unsupervised method for analyzing textual data. It focuses on detecting language styles rather than topics or themes in the text, complementing widely used text classification methods such as topic modeling. Additionally, this study explores the associations between language styles and the online characteristics of social media users in a political context.
The role of hired labour on technical efficiency in an expanding dairy sector: The case of Ireland
Authors: Garcia‐Covarrubias Luis , Läpple Doris , Dillon Emma , Thorne Fiona
Published: January 2024

The 2015 EU milk quota abolition initiated considerable expansion in the dairy sector. This expansion has increased the demand for additional labour in some EU countries, most significantly in Ireland. This paper explores the role of hired labour on Irish dairy farms' technical efficiency (TE). We use a detailed farm‐level panel data set of a representative sample from 2000 to 2018. To estimate transient, persistent, and overall TE over time, we apply a 4‐component stochastic frontier model. Our findings show significant variation in TE scores over the period. We also control for endogeneity to obtain marginal effects of hired labour on TE. The results reveal that hired labour has a significant yet small, positive effect on farms' TE. Our findings suggest that the effect of hired labour on TE is larger for small and medium‐sized farms. This effect is larger when herd size increases.
Impact of cash transfers on the association between prenatal exposures to high temperatures and low birthweight: Retrospective analysis from the LEAP 1000 study
Authors: LaPointe Sarah , Mendola Pauline , Lin Shao , Tian Lili , Bonell Ana , Adamba Clement , Palermo Tia
Published: January 2024

Objective

To explore the associations between prenatal temperature exposures and low birthweight (LBW) and modification by cash transfer (CT) receipt.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Five rural districts in Northern Ghana.

Population or sample

A total of 3016 infants born to women interviewed as part of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP 1000) impact evaluation between 2015 and 2017.

Methods

Birthweight was collected using household surveys administered to LEAP 1000 eligible women. We used a UNICEF‐developed multiple imputation approach to address missingness of birthweight and applied an empirical heaping correction to the multiply imputed birthweight data. Survey data were linked to the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5‐hourly temperature averaged to weeks for 2011–2017 using community centroids. Using distributed‐lag nonlinear models, we explored the lag‐specific associations between weekly average temperatures greater than 30°C and LBW, and stratified by LEAP 1000 treatment.

Main outcome measures

Low birthweight (<2.5 kg).

Results

Twelve percent (n = 365) of infants were LBW; the mean ± SD birthweight was 3.02 ± 0.37 kg. Overall, increasing temperatures were associated with increased odds of LBW, with the greatest odds observed in the 3 weeks before birth (odds ratio 1.005–1.025). These positive associations were even larger among comparison infants and null among treatment infants.

Conclusions

Our study found increased odds of LBW with high weekly average temperatures throughout pregnancy and the preconception period and demonstrate mitigated effects by the LEAP 1000 CT program. More evidence on the potential of CTs to serve as adaptation interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries is needed to protect pregnant persons and their infants from the impacts of climate change.
Age‐dependent changes in the brain of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus): A morphometric analysis and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mohamad Amira M. , Hassan Said A. , Moussa Eid Ali , El Mahdy Tarek Omar
Published: January 2024

The current manuscript had been conducted to evaluate the effect of ageing on the brains of albino rats on the macro‐morphometric level and to assess the different parameters of brain and brain structures affected by ageing. Fifty apparently healthy rats of both sexes (27 males and 23 females) were used in the study, in addition to three rats for MRI. The animals were divided into four groups according to their age. Magnetic resonance imaging and cross sections of the brain were performed to document dimensions of various brain structures such as the hippocampus, surface area of lateral ventricle as well as dorsal and piriform cortices. Ageing would result into a negative impact on some brain structures. However, some others had not been affected as much. Furthermore, sex of the animal presented an important role as a variant where male rats of each age group demonstrated different results than their analogous female rats. In addition, MRI examination of the rat brain allowed recognition of the major cerebral structures. Findings of this work might be considered as a trial to provide a proof of changes resulted from normal ageing in both male and female rats and which sex is more affected than the other.
Is tropical pus in the hand special? A retrospective study comparing hand infection cases in Darwin and Adelaide
Authors: Baxter Claire R. , Burnett Nikki , Alatrash Mona , Sires James , van Essen Phillipa , Dean Nicola R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Hand infections are a common reason for presenting to hospital and can be associated with significant morbidity and prolonged antibiotic use. Factors recognized to influence patient outcomes include resistant organisms and delayed presentation. Surgeons working around Australia may assume that hand infections and appropriate treatment algorithms will be similar between sites. This is the first study to examine differences between hand infections presenting in Darwin (with its tropical climate) vs. those in a more temperate city (Adelaide).

Methods

This is a two‐site retrospective study, where diagnostic discharge codes were used to identify cases for a 12‐month period and patient age, sex and rurality, duration of hospital stay, microbiology results and subsequent trips to theatre were reviewed.

Results

Despite significant differences in rurality between FMC and RDH patients, there was no significant difference in length of hospital stay, duration of intravenous antibiotics or return trips to theatre across the two sites. RDH reported a 25% rate of MRSA, compared to 18% at FMC, as well as a statistically significant increase in uncommon microbes, with 30% compared to 12% of patients growing microbes that may not be covered by antibiotics routinely administered in metropolitan areas. A limitation of this study was that compliance with antibiotics and hospital stay were not accounted for.

Conclusion

It is often our training years that determine our norms of everyday practice, but fewer Australian surgical training posts are located in tropical centres. The results of this study highlight the importance of not assuming that the spectrum of organisms causing hand infections are the same as that in the surgeons' state of origin.
Feasibility and potential efficacy of a family‐based intervention on promoting physical activity levels and fundamental movement skills in preschoolers: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: He Qing , Ha Amy S. C. , Zheng Binbin , Okely Anthony D.
Published: January 2024

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for preschool‐aged children's health and development. However, limited evidence exists regarding the feasibility of implementing home‐based interventions and how program components influence parent cognitions and practices and child PA. This study evaluated the feasibility and potential efficacy of a family‐based PA intervention on objectively measured PA, fundamental movement skills (FMS), parental efficacy, support, goal setting and parent–child co‐activity. Guided by social cognitive theory, an 8‐week cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong. The trial included parental workshops, FMS training, PA homework, social media activity sharing and exercise equipment provision. Data were collected at baseline (Time 1; April 2019) and at the end of the intervention period (Time 2; approximately 2 months later) from 108 parent–child pairs in five preschools. The intervention led to increased moderate‐to‐vigorous PA and FMS in children, along with improved parental self‐efficacy, goal setting, supportiveness and co‐participation. However, parental PA did not show significant changes. Parents expressed high satisfaction, supporting the need for tailoring interventions to address the unique needs and preferences of young children and their parents. Reinforcing the parental role and providing informative materials and training can promote healthy lifestyles in early childhood.
Immune outcomes of lung transplant recipients with different cytochrome P450 3A5 phenotypes after discontinuation of voriconazole antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Tu Zoe H. , Pierce Brett J. , Pasley Taylor , Hutchins Aaron , Huang Howard
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Tacrolimus forms the backbone of immunosuppression regimens in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). It is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 enzymes, of which polymorphisms can significantly affect tacrolimus dose requirements. It is unknown how coadministration of tacrolimus with voriconazole, a potent CYP3A5 inhibitor, affects rejection rates or empiric dose adjustments needed after voriconazole discontinuation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study compares LTRs with poor (PR) versus intermediate/extensive (IE) CYP3A5 metabolizer phenotypes. The primary endpoint is cumulative immune outcomes within three months of voriconazole discontinuation; secondary endpoints include change in tacrolimus dose‐to‐concentration ratios after voriconazole discontinuation.

Results

Thirty‐four patients underwent full analysis: 13 IE and 21 PR metabolizers. A higher proportion of IE metabolizers were African American (46.2% vs. 9.5%, p = .03). There was no significant difference in composite immune outcomes, though there was a proportionally higher frequency of new donor‐specific antibody development in PR metabolizers (14.3% vs 7.7%, p = .56). Both groups required approximately 2.5 to 3‐fold tacrolimus dose increases post‐voriconazole discontinuation to re‐attain therapeutic levels.

Conclusion

This novel investigation sheds light on how CYP3A5 phenotype could be used to guide tacrolimus dosing, with the goal of preventing both toxicity and organ rejection.
Progress in leukodystrophies with zebrafish
Authors: Shih Hung‐Yu , Raas Quentin , Bonkowsky Joshua L.
Published: January 2024

Inherited leukodystrophies are genetic disorders characterized by abnormal white matter in the central nervous system. Although individually rare, there are more than 400 distinct types of leukodystrophies with a cumulative incidence of 1 in 4500 live births. The pathophysiology of most leukodystrophies is poorly understood, there are treatments for only a few, and there is significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting a critical need for improvements in this field. A variety of animal, cell, and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived models have been developed for leukodystrophies, but with significant limitations in all models. Many leukodystrophies lack animal models, and extant models often show no or mixed recapitulation of key phenotypes. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become increasingly used as disease models for studying leukodystrophies due to their early onset of disease phenotypes and conservation of molecular and neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we focus on reviewing new zebrafish disease models for leukodystrophy or models with recent progress. This includes discussion of leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter disease, X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger spectrum disorders and peroxisomal disorders, PSAP deficiency, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy‐8/4H leukodystrophy, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, RNASET2‐deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids‐1 (CSF1R‐related leukoencephalopathy), and ultra‐rare leukodystrophies. Zebrafish models offer important potentials for the leukodystrophy field, including testing of new variants in known genes; establishing causation of newly discovered genes; and early lead compound identification for therapies. There are also unrealized opportunities to use humanized zebrafish models which have been sparsely explored.
Indirect structural changes and reduced controllability after temporal lobe epilepsy resection
Authors: Janson Andrew , Sainburg Lucas , Akbarian Behnaz , Johnson Graham W. , Rogers Baxter P. , Chang Catie , Englot Dario J. , Morgan Victoria L.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To understand the potential behavioral and cognitive effects of mesial temporal resection for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) a method is required to characterize network‐wide functional alterations caused by a discrete structural disconnection. The objective of this study was to investigate network‐wide alterations in brain dynamics of patients with TLE before and after surgical resection of the seizure focus using average regional controllability (ARC), a measure of the ability of a node to influence network dynamics.

Methods

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired in 27 patients with drug‐resistant unilateral mesial TLE who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Imaging data were acquired before and after surgery and a presurgical and postsurgical structural connectome was generated from whole‐brain tractography. Edge‐wise strength, node strength, and node ARC were compared before and after surgery. Direct and indirect edge‐wise strength changes were identified using patient‐specific simulated resections. Direct edges were defined as primary edges disconnected by the resection zone itself. Indirect edges were secondary measured edge strength changes. Changes in node strength and ARC were then related to both direct and indirect edge changes.

Results

We found nodes with significant postsurgical changes in both node strength and ARC surrounding the resection zone (paired t tests, p < .05, Bonferroni corrected). ARC identified additional postsurgical changes in nodes outside of the resection zone within the ipsilateral occipital lobe, which were associated with indirect edge‐wise strength changes of the postsurgical network (Fisher's exact test, p < .001). These indirect edge‐wise changes were facilitated through the “hub” nodes including the thalamus, putamen, insula, and precuneus.

Significance

Discrete network disconnection from TLE resection results in widespread structural and functional changes not predicted by disconnection alone. These can be well characterized by dynamic controllability measures such as ARC and may be useful for investigating changes in brain function that may contribute to seizure recurrence and behavioral or cognitive changes after surgery.
Academic publishing behavior and pay across business fields
Authors: Garfinkel Jon A. , Hammoudeh Mosab , Weston James
Published: January 2024

Academic finance faculty earn a premium relative to other business school faculty. We show that the rewards to publishing outside of the top journals (JF, JFE, RFS) are significantly lower in finance relative to a broader set of journals in other business school fields. Revealed preferences from a journal submission survey suggest these incentives influence behavior. We estimate a lower unconditional probability of a top publication in finance, which raises its marginal value, leading to higher compensation. The opportunity cost of academic finance versus industry is also larger relative to other departments. Our results complement a number of recent studies on the rise of finance industry wages and suggest a novel channel that raises the production costs of finance‐educated workers.
Bioclimatic analysis of potential worldwide production of spring‐type camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] seeded in the spring
Authors: Weiss Ross M. , Zanetti Federica , Alberghini Barbara , Puttick Debra , Vankosky Meghan A. , Monti Andrea , Eynck Christina
Published: January 2024

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a Brassicaceae oilseed that is gaining interest worldwide as low‐maintenance crop for diverse biobased applications. One of the most important factors determining its productivity is climate. We conducted a bioclimate analysis in order to analyze the relationship between climatic factors and the productivity of spring‐type camelina seeded in the spring, and to identify regions of the world with potential for camelina in this scenario. Using the modelling tool CLIMEX, a bioclimatic model was developed for spring‐seeded spring‐type camelina to match distribution, reported seed yields and phenology records in North America. Distribution, yield, and phenology data from outside of North America were used as independent datasets for model validation and demonstrated that model projections agreed with published distribution records, reported spring‐seeded camelina yields, and closely predicted crop phenology in Europe, South America, and Asia. Sensitivity analysis, used to quantify the response of camelina to changes in precipitation and temperature, indicated that crop performance was more sensitive to moisture than temperature index parameters, suggesting that the yield potential of spring‐seeded camelina may be more strongly impacted by water‐limited conditions than by high temperatures. Incremental climate scenarios also revealed that spring‐seeded camelina production will exhibit yield shifts at the continental scale as temperature and precipitation deviate from current conditions. Yield data were compared with indices of climatic suitability to provide estimates of potential worldwide camelina productivity. This information was used to identify new areas where spring‐seeded camelina could be grown and areas that may permit expanded production, including eastern Europe, China, eastern Russia, Australia and New Zealand. Our model is the first to have taken a systematic approach to determine suitable regions for potential worldwide production of spring‐seeded camelina.
Persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study
Authors: de Oliveira Felipe A. A. , Dourado‐Filho Mario G. , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for developing persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke.

Background

Although the most recent International Classification of Headache Disorders has recognized the existence of persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke, there has been limited research in this area.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study. We initially assessed patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke admitted within 72 h of symptom onset. All patients underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. These patients were re‐interviewed by telephone 1 year after the stroke. Semi‐structured questionnaires, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and six‐item Headache Impact Test were used.

Results

A total of 119 participants answered the interview conducted 1 year after the stroke. The mean (standard deviation) age was 64 (13.1) years, 82/119 (68.9%) were female, and the median (interquartile range) NIHSS score was 2 (1.0–4.0). The incidence rate of persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke was 12/119 (10.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3–17.0%). The most frequent pattern presented was a migraine‐like pattern in seven of the 12 (58.3%) patients, which had a substantial/severe impact on five of the 12 (41.7%). For most patients this headache continued, although it began to improve. Previous migraine (odds ratio 7.1, 95% CI 1.06–50.0; p = 0.043) and headache intensity in the acute phase of stroke (odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.13–2.7; p = 0.012) were associated with the occurrence of persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

Persistent headache attributed to past ischemic stroke is a frequent complication after stroke. It often has a significant impact on patients’ lives and presents a migraine‐like pattern as its most frequent phenotype.
The effects of the socio‐demographic factors on judgement building in arbitration
Authors: Jafary Maziar , Carrière Jules
Published: January 2024

This study examines how the socio‐demographic characteristics of arbitrators and of plaintiffs affect arbitrators' judgement bases for arbitration decisions. Two research questions are tested quantitatively based on a data set of arbitration decisions in the Canadian university sector collected from the website of the Canadian Legal Information Institute. We created two models of independent variables related to the socio‐demographic characteristics of arbitrators and plaintiffs. Multinomial logistic regression is used to examine the possible impacts of these variables on the justifications used by arbitrators to explain their decisions. The results indicate that both models significantly influence how arbitrators justify their arbitral decisions. The following variables significantly contribute to the models: arbitrator's age, arbitrator's professional experience in management, plaintiff's gender, and support of the plaintiff by a collective entity (union or association). Young arbitrators are more likely to use “laws” and those who have professional experience in management tend to cite “evidence” to justify their arbitral decisions. Also, arbitrators are more likely to use “evidence” as their judgement basis for male plaintiffs who are supported by a collective entity. The details of these findings, limitations of the study, and future directions for research are further discussed.
Effects of oxygen vacancy on bond ionicity and microwave dielectric properties of YxCe1−xO2−0.5x (x = 0–0.7) ceramics
Authors: Shi Ming‐An , Wang Jia‐Ning , Xia Wang‐Suo , Yu Jin‐Zi , Wang Ying , Wu Hai‐Tao
Published: January 2024

Novel YxCe1−xO2−0.5x (x = 0–0.7) ceramics, designed by replacing Ce4+ with Y3+, were prepared using a conventional oxide reaction. The oxygen vacancies, measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and analyzed through the electronic structure calculated via the first‐principles method, were employed to investigate the effective valence electron charge, which plays a decisive role in calculating bond ionicity using P–V–L theory. After the substitution of Y3+ ions, the effective valence electron charge of the Ce–O bond changed because of an increase in oxygen vacancies, ultimately leading to a decrease in the Ce/Y–O bond ionicity of the YxCe1−xO2−0.5x ceramics. For microwave dielectric properties, when the YxCe1−xO2−0.5x (x = 0−0.5) ceramics were in the pure phase, porosity‐corrected permittivity and Q × f values depended on the bond ionicity, and the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency was analyzed using the bond valence. When the YxCe1−xO2−0.5x (x = 0.6 and 0.7) ceramics were in multiple phases, the microwave dielectric properties were associated with the phase composition.
First record of the great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Perciformes, Sphyraenidae), in the Azores, north‐east Atlantic
Authors: Barcelos Luís M. D. , Barreiros João B. , Barreiros João P.
Published: January 2024

One individual of Sphyraena barracuda was collected on August 5, 2023, in the northern coast of Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal, by spearfishing. In this note, we report this first record and discuss the occurrence, which represents the northernmost one in the north‐east Atlantic.
Diagnostic uncertainty and decision‐making in home‐based primary care: A qualitative study of antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Datta Rupak , Kiwak Eliza , Fried Terri R. , Benjamin Andrea , Iannone Lynne , Krein Sarah L. , Carter Warren , Cohen Andrew B.
Published: January 2024

Background

Evaluating infection in home‐based primary care is challenging, and these challenges may impact antibiotic prescribing. A refined understanding of antibiotic decision‐making in this setting can inform strategies to promote antibiotic stewardship. This study investigated antibiotic decision‐making by exploring the perspectives of clinicians in home‐based primary care.

Methods

Clinicians from the Department of Veterans Affairs Home‐Based Primary Care Program were recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from June 2022 through September 2022 using a discussion guide. Transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory. The constant comparative method was used to develop a coding structure and to identify themes.

Results

Theoretical saturation was reached after 22 clinicians (physicians, n = 7; physician assistants, n = 2, advanced practice registered nurses, n = 13) from 19 programs were interviewed. Mean age was 48.5 ± 9.3 years, 91% were female, and 59% had ≥6 years of experience in home‐based primary care. Participants reported uncertainty about the diagnosis of infection due to the characteristics of homebound patients (atypical presentations of disease, presence of multiple chronic conditions, presence of cognitive impairment) and the challenges of delivering medical care in the home (limited access to diagnostic testing, suboptimal quality of microbiological specimens, barriers to establishing remote access to the electronic health record). When faced with diagnostic uncertainty about infection, participants described many factors that influenced the decision to prescribe antibiotics, including those that promoted prescribing (desire to avoid hospitalization, pressure from caregivers, unreliable plans for follow‐up) and those that inhibited prescribing (perceptions of antibiotic‐associated harms, willingness to trial non‐pharmacological interventions first, presence of caregivers who were trusted by clinicians to monitor symptoms).

Conclusions

Clinicians face the difficult task of balancing diagnostic uncertainty with many competing considerations during the treatment of infection in home‐based primary care. Recognizing these issues provides insight into strategies to promote antibiotic stewardship in home care settings.
Age‐dependent change and intraskeletal variability in secondary osteons of elderly Australians
Authors: Pedersen Lucille T. , Miszkiewicz Justyna , Cheah Lit Chien , Willis Anna , Domett Kate M.
Published: January 2024

There is a need to fully understand intra‐skeletal variability within different populations to develop and improve age‐at‐death estimation methods. This study evaluates age‐related histomorphometric changes in three different bones intra‐individually in a modern Australian sample. Four female and 13 male elderly Australian adult donors (67–93 years) were examined for osteon population density (OPD), osteon area (On.Ar), and Haversian canal area (H.Ar) of secondary osteons to compare between femora, ribs, and humeri and assess against age. In the pooled sex sample, no statistically significant correlations were observed between age and each histological variable. In the males, OPD of the femur increased significantly with age, as did porosity in the rib. In the male humeri, OPD increased moderately with age, while H.Ar was decreased moderately with age. Intra‐bone comparisons showed that males had significantly higher osteon counts in their ribs compared to their femora, while their ribs showed statistically significantly less porosity than their humeri. When bone size was accounted for, by adjusting the femur and humerus histology data by robusticity indices, histology values were found to be similar between bones within the same individual. This is despite the upper and lower limbs receiving different ranges and types of biomechanical load. Our findings demonstrate that bone size influences histomorphometry, and this could confound age‐at‐death estimations that have not been adjusted for robusticity. Future studies would benefit from examining bone histomorphometry within a larger sample size and incorporating bone robusticity measures into histology analyses.
Efficacy and safety of combined microneedling therapy for androgenic alopecia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Pei Danning , Zeng Linxi , Huang Xin , Wang Bin , Liu Lu , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: January 2024

Objective

To provide dermatologists with more clinical experience in treating androgenetic alopecia, we evaluated the effect and safety of combined microneedling therapy for androgenetic alopecia.

Methods

Studies on combined microneedling for hair loss were comprehensively searched by us in PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and the Cochrane Library Database. The literature search spanned the period from 2012 to 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and the literature was screened according to this criteria. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. The researcher applied Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software to analyze the data after extracting information from the data.

Results

Finally, 13 RCTs involving 696 AGA patients were included to compare the clinical effectiveness and adverse events of combined MN therapy with single MN therapy or single drug therapy for AGA. The results of meta‐analysis showed as follows: (1) Hair density and diameter changes: The combined MN group was significantly better than any single treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (MD = 13.36, 95% CI = [8.55, 18.16], Z = 5.45, p < 0.00001; MD = 18.11, 95% CI = [13.70, 22.52], Z = 8.04, p < 0.00001; MD = 13.36, 95% CI = [8.55, 18.16], Z = 5.45, p < 0.00001; MD = 2.50, 95% CI = [0.99, 4.02], Z = 3.23, p = 0.001); (2) the evaluation of satisfaction for efficacy: The doctor satisfaction rating of the combined MN group was significantly higher than that of any single treatment group, with statistical difference (RR = 2.03, 95% CI = [1.62, 2.53], Z = 6.24, p < 0.00001). The difference between the two groups regarding patients satisfaction was not significant (RR = 3.44, 95% CI = [0.67, 17.59], Z = 1.49, p = 0.14). (3) Safety: There was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between combination therapy and monotherapy (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = [0.62, 1.12], Z = 1.22, p = 0.22).

Conclusion

The combined MN group showed statistically significant improvement in hair density and diameter, and good safety compared with monotherapy.
Development and validation of a delirium care critical‐thinking scale for intensive care unit nurses: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ling , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Pan Ching‐I , Shang Shu‐Ting , Tsai Yun‐Fang
Published: January 2024

Aim and Objectives

To develop a Delirium Care Critical‐Thinking Scale for nurses caring for patients in the intensive care unit and examine the scale's psychometric properties.

Background

There is a tool to evaluate nurses' critical thinking skills to determine nursing competency when delirium care is required.

Design

This cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods study.

Methods

The Delphi method was applied for collection and analysis of data during conceptualization and item generation of the tool (Phase I). Item analysis, assessment of validity and reliability of the scale (Phase II) involved 318 nurses recruited by convenience sampling from nine adult intensive care units in medicine and surgery at one medical centre. Confirmatory factor analysis assessed construct validity. Internal consistency and 2‐week test–retest stability measured reliability. A Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory Scale examined concurrent validity.

Results

After three rounds, the Delphi method resulted in 31 scale items. Item analysis demonstrated construct reliability ranged from 9.23 to 16.18. Confirmatory factor analysis eliminated one item and extracted five factors: applying knowledge, confirming the problem and accuracy of information, reasoning logically, choosing appropriate strategies and remaining open‐minded. Average variance extracted values of all factors indicated good convergent validity. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was .96 with good test‐retest reliability. The correlation coefficient for concurrent validity was .301.

Conclusion

The new Delirium Care Critical‐Thinking Scale for intensive care nurses was demonstrated to be a reliable and valid tool for evaluating their ability to assess patients with delirium.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This new scale could be used to assess outcomes of education interventions and the effectiveness of nursing care quality involving patients with delirium in intensive and critical care units.

Reporting Method

The COSMIN checklist was used as the reporting guideline for this study.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Using fusion effects to decrease uncertainty in distance sampling models when collating data from different surveys
Authors: Plard Floriane , Araújo Hélder , Astarloa Amaia , Louzao Maite , Saavedra Camilo , Bonales José Antonio Vazquez , Pierce Graham John , Authier Matthieu
Published: January 2024

Estimates of population abundance are required to study the impacts of human activities on populations and assess their conservation status. Despite considerable effort to improve data collection, uncertainty around estimates of cetacean densities can remain large. A fundamental concept underlying distance sampling is the detection function. Here we focus on reducing the uncertainty in the estimation of detection function parameters in analyses combining data sets from multiple surveys, with known effects on the precision of density estimates. We developed detection functions using infinite mixture models that can be applied on data collating multiple species and/or surveys. These models enable automatic clustering by fusing the species and surveys with similar detection functions. We present a simulation analysis of a multisurvey data set in a Bayesian framework where we demonstrated that distance sampling models including fusion effects showed lower uncertainty than classical distance sampling models. We illustrated the benefits of this new model using data of line transect surveys from the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast. Future estimates of abundance using conventional distance sampling models on large multispecies surveys or on data sets combining multiple surveys could benefit from this new model to provide more precise density estimates.
Lead and generator dysfunction in children and adolescents with epicardial pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator systems: The challenge of early recognition
Authors: Winkler Florian , von Felten Stefanie , Gass Matthias , Berger Florian , Weber Roland , Dave Hitendu , Balmer Christian
Published: January 2024

Background

A major issue of cardiac implantable electronic device therapy in pediatric patients is the high incidence of lead dysfunctions and associated reinterventions. This study aims to analyze the timing and mode of generator and lead dysfunction.

Methods

Retrospective single‐center analysis of 283 children and young adults with an epicardial pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy from 1998 to 2018.

Results

Mean age at implant was 6.1 years (SD ± 5.8 years) and median follow‐up 6.4 years (IQR, 3.4–10.4 years) with a total of 1998.1 patient‐years of cardiac device therapy. A total of 120 lead‐related complications were observed in 82 patients (29.0%). They were detected by device interrogation (n = 86), symptoms (n = 13), intraoperative findings (n = 7), routine chest radiography (n = 5), routine ECG (n = 4), patient alert sound by device (n = 3), and physical examination (n = 2). It was possible to find the date of the event on the device memory in 21 out of 120 lead dysfunctions (18%) with a median time interval between occurrence and detection of 1.3 months (IQR, 0.2–5.0 months). Moreover, 20 generator‐related complications were found in 13 patients.

Conclusions

Early recognition of lead and generator dysfunction remains challenging in pediatric patients. As symptoms are relatively rare conditions in the context of PM and ICD dysfunction, close patient monitoring is mandatory, even in asymptomatic patients with a good clinical course. To further improve the safety of pediatric pacing systems, more durable epicardial electrodes are desirable.
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐s) for potential resolution of restless leg syndrome symptoms and increased cost savings for patients: A case study
Authors: Abd‐Elsayed Alaa , Moghim Robert , Reffat Noora
Published: January 2024

Introduction

We report successful use of dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐s) to treat a patient with persistent symptoms of restless leg syndrome (RLS).

Methods

The treatment involved the placement of a small device millimeters away from the patient’s DRG, which are nerves near the spinal cord that carry sensory information from the periphery of the body to the brain. The device automatically delivers electrical impulse to the DRG to alter and decrease pain perception in the brain.

Results

Our case report elucidates the use of this procedure as a targeted therapy for RLS, with a nearly 90% reduction in reported symptoms in our patient, thus potentially reducing morbidity associated with this condition. Furthermore, we report a 10‐year cost savings of nearly $90,000 following DRG‐s for our patient.

Conclusion

This case study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of DRG‐s neuromodulation in managing RLS, a condition that is often difficult and costly to treat.