bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life in children: a seven-year cohort study
Authors: TONDOLO JUNIOR Jocelito , KNORST Jessica Klöckner , MENEGAZZO Gabriele Rissotto , EMMANUELLI Bruno , ARDENGHI Thiago Machado
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of early childhood malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: 7-year cohort study involving 639 preschoolers (1 to 5 years) who had been evaluated initially with a survey conduced in 2010. Children completed the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) to assess OHRQoL during the follow-up period. Exploratory variables were collected at baseline, including the presence and severity of malocclusion (overjet and lip coverage). Socioeconomic characteristics, oral health behavior, and patterns of dental attendance were also investigated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to fit the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL. With this approach, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 449 children were re-evaluated (follow-up rate, 70.3%). The prevalence of accentuated overjet and inadequate lip coverage was 13.5% and 11.9%, respectively. The mean (±SD) CPQ8-10 score was 10.57±10.32. The presence of inadequate lip coverage was associated with higher overall mean CPQ8-10 scores (IRR 1.51; 95% CI 1.29-1.77), and social well-being, emotional well-being, and functional limitation domains. Children with accentuated overjet (>3mm) also demonstrated higher overall scores on the CPQ8-10 than their normal counterparts. The presence of this condition also influenced the oral symptom (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53) and emotional well-being (IRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.02-1.66) domains. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that early childhood malocclusion is a risk factor for low OHRQoL in future.
Effect of fluoride on mechanical properties of NiTi and CuNiTi orthodontic archwires: an in vitro study
Authors: MANE Pratap , GANIGER Chanamallappa R. , PAWAR Renuka , PHAPHE Sandesh , RONAD Yusuf Ahammed , VALEKAR Seema , KANITKAR Aditi Aneesh
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: After debonding, white spot may appear on the area below the bracket, which is the early clinical sign of carious lesion. There is increased caries risk underneath and adjacent to orthodontic bands and brackets, which call for maximum use of caries preventive procedures using various fluoride application methods. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate alterations in the mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and yield strength) in loading and unloading phases for different orthodontic archwires (nickel-titanium [NiTi] and copper-nickel-titanium [CuNiTi]) when exposed routinely to fluoride prophylactic agents for a predetermined period of time. Methods: Preformed rectangular NiTi and CuNiTi wires were immersed in fluoride solution and artificial saliva (control) for 90 minutes at 37ºC. After immersion, specimens were tested using a 3-point bend test on a universal testing machine. Results: There is a significant reduction in the unloading yield strength when the NiTi and CuNiTi wires were exposed to APF gel. Conclusion: The result suggests that use of topical fluoride agents affect the mechanical properties of the wires, leading to increase in treatment duration. Fluoride prophylactic agents must be used with caution in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Injudicious use of these agents may cause corrosive effects on the orthodontic wire surfaces, with alteration in their mechanical properties.
A reflection on the role of women in Science, Dentistry and Brazilian Orthodontics
Authors: QUINTÃO Cátia Cardoso Abdo , BARRETO Luísa Schubach da Costa , MENEZES Luciane Macedo de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper reviews the history of women scientists in the ‘Western world’, whilst highlighting the persistent socio-structural issues that have led to the hiding and masking of the participation of women in Science. Further, a reflection is made of the situation of Dentistry, specifically in the field of Orthodontics in Brazil. The difference between genders is discussed, with the intention to map the progress of women in management and leadership positions, in both the academic and professional fields. Description: In Brazil, within Dentistry and Orthodontics, despite being in a numerical majority, women are still underrepresented in the area of professional leadership. This is true for Research Groups and Research Productivity; an example being the relatively low authorship of publications in a Brazilian journal of Orthodontics. They are also underrepresented as lead presenters at professional meetings, whilst there are also few female Presidents of professional organizations and associations. Conclusion: Despite being in a numerical majority, it is also important that women act in a more co-ordinated and consistent manner to achieve greater representation in these areas. The necessary changes in the structure in order to achieve this are not only of women and for women, but they must also involve the whole of society so that leadership, rights and duties are equally distributed between the genders.
Influence of frenotomy on breastfeeding in newborns with ankyloglossia
Authors: Lima Anna Letícia Xavier de , Dutra Monique Ramos Paschoal
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: evaluate the influence of frenotomy on the breastfeeding of newborns diagnosed with ankyloglossia. Methods: this is an intervention study performed with 50 newborns diagnosed with ankyloglossia. It was conducted in three stages: diagnosis, intervention and reassessment. In the diagnostic phase, the Protocol for the Assessment of Speech Language with Scores for Babies was applied to diagnose ankyloglossia and a questionnaire assessing the symptoms and coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing during breastfeeding. In the intervention, frenotomy was performed, and at reassessment, the diagnostic protocol and questionnaire in order to compare the post-surgical effects. Results: of the 50 babies participating in the study, 35 (70%) were boys and 15 (30%) girls. A total of 68% of ankyloglossia cases were reported in the family, a majority (38%) involving cousins. There was a statistically significant reduction in the average protocol score in the reassessment stage, from 8.38 (7-12 points) to 0.86 (0-5 points), as well as a statistically significant improvement in all variables related to the symptoms of breastfeeding. Conclusion: surgical intervention, known as frenotomy, made it possible to improve the negative symptoms of breastfeeding in newborns diagnosed with ankyloglossia.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LEVEL AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AMONG WINERY FIRMS IN THE WINE INDUSTRY CLUSTER OF BAJA CALIFORNIA: A FSQCA APPROACH
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ CARLOS , GÓMEZ MARIO , MANZO MARÍA ALINE
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes how wineries in the wine industry cluster of Baja California in Mexico achieve a high-performance level and engage in technology management. The study uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach to inquire into the necessary and sufficient conditions for firms in this industry cluster to attain a high-performance level. Our research hypothesis suggests that the presence of some resources (conditions) in the wine industry cluster of Baja California is a necessary and sufficient condition (set-theoretic relations) to achieve a high-performance level (outcome). Accordingly, this study examines the causal complexity observed in set-theoretic relations and high-performance levels in the wine industry cluster of Baja California. An important finding in this research is that winery firms in Baja California do not need to develop interdependent innovations to achieve a high-performance level. However, research and development efforts, good supplier relations, and production capacity are necessary conditions to achieve a high performance level in this cluster.
EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN SOUTH AMERICA: DO INTANGIBLES AFFECT FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUCH AS PERU?
Authors: GUARDAMINO CARLOS DEL CASTILLO , EGOÁVIL JOSÉ VENTURA
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study is one of the first empirical studies on intellectual capital (IC) in South American textile exporting companies. Using the resources and capabilities approach, we examine how certain intangibles can provide competitive advantages. We propose and test a model capturing the relationships between IC components and export performance (EP), as well as the various interrelationships among the different dimensions of IC. Using a sample of textile manufacturers operating in Peru, an emerging economy, we find that both human capital and structural capital have a significantly positive influence on EP. However, the data analysis does not confirm that relational capital has any positive influence on export performance.
Alucinando uma pandemia: ensaio sobre as disputas pela realidade da Covid-19
Authors: Branco-Pereira Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Resumo O primeiro objetivo deste ensaio é delinear os fenômenos tidos como alucinatórios, essencialmente indistinguíveis da realidade, apresentando a forma como a definição do que chamo de mundo-em-si, externo ao indivíduo e alheio às simbolizações que se lhe podem atribuir, constitui-se como uma disputa pela própria substância da realidade. Discursos da saúde mental tornam-se privilegiados para a definição sobre quais mundos existem ou não, e a imanência da realidade é constante objeto de disputa. O segundo objetivo é demonstrar o argumento através da análise do fenômeno específico da gestão estatal da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, descrevendo como o discurso pró-ciência, inicialmente utilizado para legitimar quarentenas restritivas, passou paulatinamente a justificar as reaberturas e flexibilizações em supostos cenários de estabilidade no número de mortos e de novos casos. Este movimento lançou vozes dissonantes a uma condição análoga à experimentação alucinatória da realidade.
Saúde e migrações: a pandemia de Covid-19 e os trabalhadores imigrantes nos frigoríficos do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Granada Daniel , Grisotti Marcia , Detoni Priscila Pavan , Cazarotto Rosmari , Oliveira Maria Conceição de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Com base na relação saúde e migrações, o artigo analisa as condições sociais e de saúde de imigrantes que trabalham nos frigoríficos de carnes e derivados, nos municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. As dificuldades de acesso à saúde e aos direitos básicos (como a biossegurança), a discriminação racial, a xenofobia e as vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas são fatores que marcam as condições de trabalho desses migrantes nos frigoríficos do Sul do país. As conclusões apontam a necessidade de implementar políticas públicas de saúde que incorporem novas formas de interdependência entre os sistemas produtivos e os indivíduos e grupos sociais, oriundos de processos migratórios, e a mitigação das vulnerabilidades sociais e iniquidades em saúde às quais esses trabalhadores estão expostos para o enfrentamento à pandemia.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in a Murine Model of Infantile-Type Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: RANKIN CAROLYN A. , ITOH YOSHIFUMI , TIAN CHUNQIAO , ZIEMER DONNA M. , CALVET JAMES P. , GATTONE VINCENT H.
Published: May 2021

It was previously found that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (gelatinase A) and -9 (gelatinase B) were synthesized and secreted into the medium by cultured kidney tubules derived from cystic C57BL/6J-cpk mice. To determine whether increased synthesis and secretion occur in vivo in this mouse model of polycystic kidney disease, kidney protein extracts, mRNA, and tissue sections were compared for expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. Although both MMP were detected in tissue extracts, the differences in expression levels and activity in normal and cystic kidneys were far greater for MMP-2. High levels of MMP-2 seemed to result from increased expression by the cystic kidneys predominantly in the second and third postnatal weeks (a time when the kidneys are undergoing rapid cystic enlargement). Much of the increased MMP was present in the inactive zymogen form, although active enzyme was readily detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel zymography and in situ zymography. MMP-2 was abnormally localized to the interstitium and to foci between cysts, suggesting that MMP-2 may regulate collagen accumulation at those sites, thus allowing cyst enlargement and limiting the severity of interstitial fibrosis.
Late Consequences of Acute Ischemic Injury to a Solitary Kidney
Authors: PAGTALUNAN MARIA ENRICA , OLSON JEAN L. , TILNEY NICHOLAS L. , MEYER TIMOTHY W.
Published: May 2021

The sequelae of acute ischemic injury to a solitary kidney were assessed in rats subjected to right nephrectomy and transient occlusion of the left renal artery; control rats underwent right nephrectomy alone. Incomplete recovery from ischemic injury at 2 wk (serum creatinine levels of 1.1 ± 0.2 versus 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for ischemia versus control) was followed by deterioration of renal function at 20 wk (serum creatinine levels of 1.7 ± 0.4 versus 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05 for ischemia versus control). Morphologic studies showed that impairment of function after ischemic injury was associated with widespread tubulointerstitial disease. Some tubule segments were atrophic and others exhibited cystic dilation, so that the tubular cell volume fraction was reduced (37 ± 4 versus 53 ± 2%, P < 0.05), while the tubular lumen and interstitial volume fractions were increased (31 ± 4 versus 23 ± 2% and 29 ± 2 versus 20 ± 1%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Many glomeruli retained open capillary loops but were no longer connected to normal tubule segments (63 ± 8 versus 15 ± 7% of glomeruli, P < 0.05). There was a strong inverse correlation between the prevalence of such glomeruli and the GFR at 20 wk after ischemia (r
2 = 0.79, P < 0.001). Tubulointerstitial disease at that time was accompanied by proteinuria and widespread segmental glomerular tuft injury. The occurrence of similar processes in human patients could contribute to the loss of graft kidneys that suffer ischemic injury during transplantation.
Neuropeptide Y and ATP Interact to Control Renovascular Resistance in the Rat
Authors: OBERHAUSER VITUS , VONEND OLIVER , RUMP LARS CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2021

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ATP are cotransmitters of norepinephrine (NE). Modulation of ATP-mediated purinergic neurotransmission by NPY was investigated in rat perfused kidney. β,γ-Methylene-L-ATP (β,γ-mATP; 1.0 to 1.5 μM, n = 8), NE (0.1 μM, n = 8), and NPY (0.1 μM, n = 14) increased perfusion pressure by maximally 12 ± 1, 17 ± 2, and 9 ± 1 mmHg, respectively. In the presence of NPY, responses to ATP and NE were dramatically enhanced. Renal nerve stimulation in the presence of the α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 μM) induced pressor responses of 54 ± 5 mmHg (n = 6). α-Blockade-resistant responses were abolished by the P2-purinoceptor blocker suramin (300 μM) and thus mediated by ATP. Purinergic responses were also reduced significantly (50%) by the NPY-Y1 receptor blocker BIBP 3226 (1 μM). NPY (0.1 μM) potentiated purinergic pressor responses and enhanced ATP release from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 4.1 ± 0.9 pmol (n = 4) associated with a significant increase of soluble ATPase activity. All NPY effects were prevented by BIBP 3226. Pressor responses to renal nerve stimulation delivered at short time intervals, mimicking enhanced sympathetic drive to the kidney, were not constant but showed a progressive rise, which was prevented by BIBP 3226. In this study, it is suggested that purinergic vasoconstriction in rat kidney depends on concomitantly released NPY. NPY by itself is only a weak vasoconstrictor but acts as a modulator of renal vascular resistance by enhancing the effects of its sympathetic cotransmitters, especially during sympathetic overactivity.
The Terminal Sequence of Complement Plays an Essential Role in Antibody-Mediated Renal Cell Apoptosis
Authors: SATO TOSHINOBU , VAN DIXHOORN MIENEKE G. A. , PRINS FRANS A. , MOONEY ANDREW , VERHAGEN NICOLE , MUIZERT YVONNE , SAVILL JOHN , VAN ES LEENDERT A. , DAHA MOHAMED R.
Published: May 2021

Mesangial cell (MC) injury is a characteristic feature in the early phase of Thy.1 nephritis. The present study investigates the contribution of complement to MC apoptosis in this experimental model of kidney disease in rats. Thy.1 nephritis was induced by injection of mouse anti-Thy.1 monoclonal antibody (ER4G). To assess the contribution of the terminal sequence of complement on apoptosis, the studies were performed in complement-sufficient PVG/c (PVG/c+) rats and in rats deficient in complement C6 (PVG/c-). Apoptosis was monitored by assessment of the number of condensed nuclei in kidney sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and expressed as number of apoptotic cells per 50 glomerular cross sections. In the PAS method, 1 h after intravenous injection of ER4G, PVG/c+ rats exhibited 160.9 ± 49.5 apoptotic cells, whereas PVG/c- rats had only 3.2 ± 1.4 apoptotic cells. Control rats exhibited 0.9 ± 0.6 apoptotic cells. These findings were confirmed with the TUNEL method. In PVG/c- rats, a maximum number of 8.8 ± 3.1 TUNEL-positive (TUNEL+) cells was found at 6 h followed by a decline thereafter. In PVG/c+ rats, apoptosis was associated with deposition of C6 and C5b-9. Restoration of the complement system of PVG/c- rats with purified human C6 resulted in an increase of apoptosis at 1 h after injection of ER4G from minimal numbers to 239.9 ± 52.4 TUNEL+ cells. These studies appear to indicate for the first time that the terminal sequence of complement is involved in induction of apoptosis.
New Phosphate Binding Agents
Authors: HSU CHEN H. , PATEL SANJEEVKUMAR R. , YOUNG ERIC W.
Published: May 2021

Several prior studies suggest that ferric compounds bind dietary phosphate and possess clinical potential as phosphate binding agents. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure the effect of several ferric compounds on intestinal phosphate binding and absorption. Balance studies lasting 2 to 4 wk were performed in normal and azotemic (achieved by subtotal nephrectomy) rats maintained on a 1.02% phosphorus diet supplemented with ferric salts (formulated to 0.95% Fe) or no ferric salt (control). In rats with normal renal function (average creatinine clearance, 4.0 ml/min per kg), the average net intestinal absorption of phosphate over all balance periods was 103.3 mg/d for the control group versus 84.7 mg/d for the ferric citrate group (P < 0.005). In the azotemic rats (average creatinine clearance, 3.3 ml/min per kg), the average net intestinal absorption of phosphate over all balance periods was significantly lower for the three ferric groups than the control groups (P ≤ 0.02): 95.3 mg/d for the control group versus 75.6 mg/d for the ferric ammonium citrate-treated group (P = 0.058), 77.0 mg/d for the ferric citrate-treated group (P = 0.057), and 62.5 mg/d for the ferric chloride-treated group (P < 0.002). Urinary phosphate excretion fell, sometimes to an even greater extent than did intestinal absorption, yielding no net reduction in phosphate balance in these growing, young animals with relatively preserved renal function. Calcium balance was largely unaffected by the ferric compounds. There were trends toward decreased serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone concentrations and increased iron and hematocrit in the ferric-treated azotemic groups. All tested ferric compounds were well tolerated, but animal growth was stunted in the ferric chloride animals compared with the control group. Phosphate binding was estimated at 85 to 180 mg per gram of elemental iron, which is comparable to other phosphate binding agents. Ferric salts decrease net intestinal phosphate absorption and hold promise for the treatment of phosphate retention in patients with renal failure.
T Cell Costimulatory Blockade
Authors: GUDMUNDSDOTTIR HREFNA , TURKA LAURENCE A.
Published: May 2021

Optimal T cell responses occur when T cells receive both antigen-specific signals through the T cell receptor and non-antigen-specific costimulatory signals through accessory cell surface molecules. The best understood costimulatory receptor is CD28. Signals through the T cell receptor and CD28 cooperatively induce cytokine gene expression and promote T cell proliferation and survival. Negative signals delivered through a related cell surface receptor, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4), act to terminate immune responses and are required for normal immune homeostasis. This article reviews T cell costimulation, including the CD28/CTLA-4 system and other potential costimulatory pathways (such as CD40/CD154), the role of these pathways in normal immune responses, and the potential for the inhibition of these pathways to induce transplantation tolerance.
CD40 Ligation Enhances IL-15 Production by Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: WEILER MICHAL , KACHKO LEONID , CHAIMOVITZ CIDIO , KOOTEN CEES VAN , DOUVDEVANI AMOS
Published: May 2021

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a potent T-cell growth factor and activator. Acute rejection of kidney allografts strongly correlated with elevated IL-15 mRNA in the graft. A role in the rejection process is also suggested for the interaction between CD40 ligand (CD154) expressed on membranes of activated T cells and its receptor (CD40). The effect of CD40 ligation on IL-15 production in human tubular epithelial cells (TEC) was investigated. TEC were co-cultured with a cell line genetically engineered to express CD154. CD154-expressing cells (CD40L cells) bind to TEC. Addition of the CD40L cells to the TEC culture resulted in elevated IL-15 levels. This enhanced production was not observed with control cells, when anti-CD154 antibody was added, and when direct contact between CD40L-cells and TEC was prevented with the use of a Trans-well system. CD40 activation resulted in a twofold increase of IL-15 mRNA transcripts as measured by reverse transcription-PCR and a concordant elevation in IL-15 protein production as measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intensity of activation by CD154 was linearly dependent on cell number, reaching plateau when the effector/target-ratio was 1:1. The increase of IL-15 levels was similar to that produced by stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Combination of IFN-γ and activation with CD154 resulted in an additive effect. To conclude, activated T cells may enhance IL-15 expression in two ways: by secreting IFN-γ and by cell to cell contact using CD154. Each signal alone induces IL-15 in similar magnitudes, and both signals are additive. Because IL-15 is a major T-cell activator, this interaction may contribute to graft rejection.
Iloprost Inhibits Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Mediated Calcium Mobilization Stimulated by Angiotensin II in Cultured Preglomerular Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: PURDY KIT E. , ARENDSHORST WILLIAM J.
Published: May 2021

In a previous study of cultured preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells, it was demonstrated that, although the stable prostacyclin analog iloprost alone had no effect on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), it did significantly attenuate the increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by angiotensin II (AngII). In this study, the mechanisms by which iloprost interacts with calcium signaling pathways stimulated by AngII were examined. [Ca2+]i was assessed using the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Initial studies identified two major components of the [Ca2+]i response to AngII in this homogeneous preparation of vascular smooth muscle cells from renal resistance vessels. Mobilization of internal stores was evident as an immediate TMB-8-sensitive peak increase in [Ca2+]i (52 ± 6 to 297 ± 26 nM, P < 0.001) in a calcium-free medium. After [Ca2+]i had returned to baseline levels during continued AngII stimulation, a nifedipine-sensitive entry pathway was revealed by the sustained stimulatory effect of added external calcium, which increased [Ca2+]i to 112 ± 13 nM (P < 0.001). Coadministration of iloprost with AngII attenuated both the immediate peak (154 ± 14 nM) and sustained plateau (61 ± 9 nM) phases. Increases in endogenous levels of cAMP induced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone mirrored the actions of iloprost, suggesting that the prostacyclin analog exerted its actions via cAMP activation. Blockade of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with KT 5720 reversed the effects of both iloprost and milrinone. When iloprost or milrinone was introduced after the initial mobilization peak had dissipated, the plateau phase of calcium entry was unchanged (92 ± 9 nM). The concept that iloprost does not directly modulate calcium entry was further supported by data showing that the activation of L-type calcium channels by BAY-K 8644 was unchanged during iloprost treatment. On the basis of the observation that iloprost did not alter thapsigargin stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity, it is concluded that the actions of cAMP are distinct from increasing calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study provides new information on the ability of iloprost to primarily attenuate inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-mediated calcium mobilization via cAMP, with secondary inhibition of L-type calcium entry channels. These data clarify the mechanism by which prostaglandins buffer AngII constriction in resistance arterioles.
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Activation of Human Neutrophils by Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Authors: KETTRITZ RALPH , SCHREIBER ADRIAN , LUFT FRIEDRICH C. , HALLER HERMANN
Published: May 2021

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) may be important in the pathophysiology of necrotizing vasculitis. ANCA activate human neutrophils primed with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro. TNF-α priming results in translocation of ANCA antigens to the cell surface, where they are recognized by the antibodies. The signaling mechanisms involved in TNF-α priming and subsequent ANCA-induced activation were investigated. TNF-α-primed neutrophils were stimulated with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to human myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), and with preparations of human ANCA (three patients with PR3-ANCA and two patients with MPO-ANCA). Respiratory burst was measured with superoxide dismutase-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction and using dihydro-rhodamine-1,2,3. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed by immunoblotting. ANCA-antigen translocation was studied by flow cytometry. The tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor genistein, but not calphostin or staurosporin, resulted in a significant dose-dependent superoxide generation inhibition (11.6 ± 1.7 nmol to 2.1 ± 0.5 for PR3-ANCA, and 16.0 ± 2.8 to 3.3 ± 1.3 for MPO-ANCA). The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 ± 1.7 nmol O2
- to 1.9 ± 0.6 with 50 μM SB202190 and 4.0 ± 0.6 with 50 μM PD098059, respectively). For MPO-ANCA, the results were similar (16.0 ± 2.8 nmol to 0.9 ± 1.0 nmol with SB202190 and 6.4 ± 2.4 nmol with PD98059, respectively). Western blot showed phosphorylation of both p38-MAPK and ERK during TNF-α priming. The p38-MAPK inhibitor and the ERK inhibitor showed the strongest effect on respiratory burst when added before TNF-α priming, further supporting an important role for both signaling pathways in the priming process. Flow cytometry showed that p38-MAPK inhibition decreased the translocation of PR3 (by 93 ± 2%) and of MPO (by 64 ± 2%). In contrast, no such effect was seen when ERK was inhibited. Thus, p38-MAPK and ERK are important for the TNF-α-mediated priming of neutrophils enabling subsequent ANCA-induced respiratory burst. However, both pathways show differential effects, whereby p38-MAPK controls the translocation of ANCA antigens to the cell surface.
Di-electric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma device protocol v1
Authors: Flynn Aoibheann , Manaloto Eline , He Zhonglei , J Cullen Patrick , F Curtin James , Behan Sean
Published: May 2021

Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas that can directly interact with cells and tissues. A non-thermal plasma with weak collisions between electrons and heavy particles that is applied under atmospheric conditions is known as cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) (Conway et al., 2019). CAP generates short and long-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), neutral particles, molecules, electrons an electromagnetic field, weak ultraviolet radiation and weak heating affect (Yan et al., 2018) that has lead to its' application in wound healing, sterilization and cancer treatment (von Woedtke et al., 2020). Di-electric barrier discharge devices are one of the most common CAP devices that generate short but wide plasma between an anode and a cathode using atmospheric air, and can be used to intensively treat a large sample area (Yan et al., 2016). The purpose of this protocol is to outline the steps involved in setting-up a di-electric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma (DBD-CAP) device for the generation of reactive oxygen species on cell cultures. This protocol provides procedures for direct treatment with and without post treatment storage and also indirect treatment using DBD-CAP on cell cultures.
Prevalence of Reactive lesions of the Oral Cavity in Educational Hospitals and Institutions in Cairo (Cross Sectional Study) v1
Authors: Metwally Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Oral mucosa is constantly subjected to external and internal stimuli and therefore manifests a spectrum of diseases that range from developmental, reactive and inflammatory to neoplastic (Effiom et al., 2011). Reactive lesions of the oral cavity are non-neoplastic lesions that result from low-grade chronic irritation or trauma of the oral mucosa. (Farynowska et al., 2018) such as chewing, food impaction, calculus, iatrogenic injuries such as broken teeth, overhanging dental restorations and extended flanges of denture (Reddy et al., 2012). Irritational fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma are common oral cavity reactive lesions. Other reactive lesions of the oral cavity include epulis fissuratum, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (Kadeh et al., 2015). A wide variety of reactive lesions can affect the oral mucosa in form of papillary and verrucous lesions as verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum and Heck’s disease. They may appear histologically pronounced papillary epithelial hyperplasia, in addition to the cytological features of viral infection.(Moutasimet al., 2017). Reactive lesions of the oral cavity are commonly seen in the gingiva and their occurrence in other places of the oral cavity, such as the tongue, palate, cheek and floor of the mouth is less common (Effiom et al., 2011). The clinical appearance of Reactive lesions of the oral cavity is characterized by tissue growth, with fibrous or flaccid consistency, reddish or normal color, sessile or pedunculated, and can occur in multiple intraoral sites. Patients may have no symptoms; or symptoms ranging from mild pain to bleeding. Radiographic findings are commonly absent, however, in rare cases of large lesions, a localized alveolar bone resorption could be noticed.(Dutra et al., 2019) . They are relatively common peripheral lesions which present as a range of clinically similar lesions. Diagnosis can be challenging if dentists are unfamiliar with their clinical and pathological across various populations. (Soyele et al., 2019). Reactive lesions of the oral cavity had a high incidence among oral pathologies. The understanding of their clinical features helps to achieve a clearer clinical and etiological diagnosis, and the knowledge of factors related to their development. This may contribute to adequate treatment and positive prognosis. (Dutra et al., 2019). Various studies have reported differences in the type of reactive lesions, age distribution, gender, location, and clinical behavior of these lesions in different populations (Naderi et al., 2012). Therefore, the incidence and demographic characteristics of reactive lesions in our community should be investigated to develop a coherent oral health policy. In addition, such information could be useful for epidemiological and teaching purposes. (Alhindi et al., 2019).
Physiology n. depressoris. Relationship n. depressor to vasomotor centers. Literary experimental research
Authors: Fofanov L. L.
Published: May 2021

After describing the most interesting moments observed in our experiments with joint irritation of the nerves of the antagonists-depressor and n-vi ischiadici, comparing all the facts we obtained, we will have to come to the conclusion that the level of blood pressure is dependent at any moment depending on it has two completely opposite agents - the centers of the vasoconstrictor and the vasodilator. Explain all the phenomena in changes in blood pressure by accepting the existence of only one c. vasoconstrictors, as recommended by Suon and his school, is completely impossible. A simple observation of fluctuations in blood pressure, depending on the type of vasodilator or other irritations, makes it necessary to accept the view that the center of the vasodilators exists, and it does not matter at all whether it exists in the form of an isolated center, or if it is a part of the vasomotor center that is embedded in the brain. It is difficult to argue for the false, but in any case, Bayliss's theory46) that the vasomotor center is a paired center - consisting of a constrictor and a dilator - is very close to the truth, if it is not already the truth.
A. Dyleva. Muscle strength in paralysis of tremors. Sur la force musculaire dans la Maladie de Parkinson. From reports of Neurology. Society va in Paris 2 / VII 1908. From the department of prof. Dejerine въ Salpetrieru
Authors: Sholomovich A.
Published: May 2021

Based on two cases. P. b. the author comes to the conclusion that active movements become weak when resistance against passive movements is still preserved.
M. Perrin. Increased knee reflexes with polyneuritis. A propos de l'exagération des réflexes rotuliens dans un cas de polynévrite. Revue neurol. 1909, no. 5
Authors: Osokin N.
Published: May 2021

The total number of polyneuritis with an increase in reflexes, without the participation of the latter during the entire illness, according to Jngelraus's definition in 1903, reached 10.
A. Gramegnа. Rodiotherapy in the case of acromegaly. Un cas d'acromégalie traité par radiothérapie. — Revue neurol. 1909, No. I
Authors: Osokin N.
Published: May 2021

Bearing in mind the effect of X.- rays on glandular tissue, especially neoplasms, established by observations, and also based on the accepted view that acromegaly is in a causal relationship with hypertrophy of hypophysis, the author decided to experience radio therapy in one case. rays were directed to gl. pituitariam.
Constraining Compression Wave Velocity Profiles Using Incidence Angles ofPWaves
Authors: Kim Byungmin
Published: May 2021

This study proposes a method of constraining compression (P) wave velocity (VP) profiles (up to a depth of 1700 m) using P-wave seismograms recorded on the ground surface. The relationship between the incidence angle of P waves near the ground surface and the ratio of the radial to vertical components of P-wave seismograms on the surface is developed based on 895 seismograms recorded at 630 Kiban–Kyoshin network (KiK-net) stations in Japan. The incidence angles for the underlying layers with hypothesized VP values are estimated using Snell’s law. The epicentral distance is estimated using these incidence angles and layer thicknesses. The processes of estimating the incidence angles and the epicentral distance are repeated using a new hypothesis on VP profiles, until the misfit between the estimated epicentral distance and the known epicentral distance is smaller than the predefined tolerance. This methodology is validated using the measured VP profiles at eight KiK-net stations that exceed a depth of 800 m. When predefined layer thicknesses are used, the standard deviations of the between-site residuals for various depth intervals vary from, approximately, 0.11 to 0.22, indicating good agreement between the measured and estimated VP profiles. For the cases of known layer thicknesses, the standard deviations of between-site residuals vary from 0.11 to 0.19.
A Theoretical Model for the Self-Noise of a Velocity-Broadband Seismometer
Authors: Lin Zhan , Xue Bing , Ma Xinxin , Wang Hongyuan , Li Lijuan
Published: May 2021

A theoretical model of the seismometer self-noise can be used to predict the self-noise. Its inputs are mechanical and electrical parameters of the seismometer. In this article, we studied the theoretical model of the self-noise of the velocity-broadband seismometer, using the CS60 seismometer as an example. Velocity-broadband seismometer is a type of feedback seismometer. The previous theoretical model of the self-noise of the feedback seismometer only involved noise sources in the forward path of the feedback system. Our model involved not only noise sources in the forward path, but also noise sources in the feedback path and external to the feedback loop.

We introduced noise sources in the feedback system of the seismometer and the method of calculating their levels with mechanical and electrical parameters, developed expressions for referring all noise sources to the input terminal of the feedback system, and finally established the model. We compared the CS60 seismometer’s predicted self-noise calculated using this model with the measured self-noise, and we found good agreement between them.

The contribution of each noise source to the total noise was studied, and it was found that the dominant noise source in CS60 is different over different frequency bands. Over the frequency band below 0.0095 Hz, the noise of the integrator (in the feedback path) is the dominant noise source. Over the frequency band from 0.0095 to 0.21 Hz, suspension noise is the dominant noise source. Over the frequency band from 0.21 to 39 Hz, the noise of the differential driver (external to the feedback loop) is the dominant noise source. Over the frequency band above 39 Hz, the noise of the preamplifier (in the forward path) is the dominant noise source. In addition, some viewpoints about the low-noise design of seismometers were proposed.
Geometry and Technical Drawing in the Secondary School Journal: knowledge for teaching (1957 to 1963)
Authors: Pietropaolo Ruy Cesar , Araújo de Oliveira Maria Cristina
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of articles on Mathematics and Technical Drawing, published in the Brazilian Secondary School Journal, between 1957 and 1963, in order to provide a panorama of theoretical and practical recommendations, emphasized and defended in these papers, regarding to teaching and learning processes of notions, concepts and procedures relative to geometry and especially whether the History of Mathematics was used a tool for teaching and learning Mathematics. This journal has been structured as a teacher training esource, as it has emerged in a context in which the large majority of Brazilian secondary school teachers were self-taught because, in 1957, only 16% of in-service teachers had graduated from Schools of Philosophy. For this analysis, we assume that the pedagogical media, which resulted from editorial strategies aimed at teachers, plays a significant role in the dissemination of ideas and knowledge understood as necessary and fundamental for the teaching practice. In this paper, we identify recommendations on the teaching and learning process for geometry, which are highlighted in the process of teacher professionalization, according to the appropriation perspective (Certeau 1994, Chartier 1991 and Carvalho 2006) of the educational legislation of the 1950s, followed by different authors of the analyzed articles.

Keywords: History of Mathematics Education in Brazil. Mathematics Teacher Training in Brazil. Pedagogical Media.

Resumo Este estudo apresenta uma análise de artigos sobre Matemática e Desenho, publicados na Revista do Ensino Médio, entre 1957 e 1963, com a finalidade de fornecer um panorama de recomendações teóricas e práticas, enfatizadas e defendidas nesses artigos, no que se refere aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de noções, conceitos e procedimentos relativos à geometria e, principalmente, se a História da Matemática foi utilizada como ferramenta para ensinar Matemática. Este periódico se estruturou como um recurso para a formação de professores, pois surgiu em um contexto em que a grande maioria dos professores do ensino médio brasileiro eram autodidatas, uma vez que em 1957 apenas 16% dos professores em serviço eram formados em escolas de Filosofia. Para esta análise, partimos do pressuposto de que os meios pedagógicos, fruto de estratégias editoriais dirigidas aos professores, desempenham um papel significativo na difusão de ideias e saberes entendidos como necessários e fundamentais para a prática docente. Neste artigo, identificamos recomendações sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da geometria, que se destacam no processo de profissionalização docente, segundo a perspectiva de apropriação (Certeau 1994, Chartier 1991 e Carvalho 2006) da legislação educacional dos anos 1950, seguida por diferentes autores dos artigos analisados.

Palavras-chave: História da Educação Matemática no Brasil; Formação de professores de Matemática; Mídia Pedagógica
CLARITY IN SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Phan Trong Ngo
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted on 1170 students at 10 secondary schools in 5 provinces in Vietnam. Survey results determined student's clarity on others at medium level. The Clarity to others of surveyed students was correlated with factors such as: communication style, communication trends and temperament of students in communicating and learning from others. The results of multiple linear regresion model of factors have been determined the prediction of the effects of the above factors. The predictive discovered models in the study have been useful suggestions for parents, teachers and students, helping them to improve Clarity in social intelligence of secondary school students.
Training for critical thinking for high school students to meet the requirements of education innovation
Authors: Nguyen Hai Thanh , Nguyen Thi Hien
Published: May 2021

Training and developing critical thinking for students is one of the important tasks in developing high-order thinking abilities for students of every school, at all levels in the world. especially high school students, so that students can participate in labor activities or continue to study to a higher educational level after graduating from high school. The purpose of the article clarifies the content and role of critical thinking, on which basis proposes a number of measures to contribute to improving the capacity of critical thinking for high school students in our country in the past. Overall school education program renewal scene. Qualitative research methods are used throughout the research process, on that basis proposes a number of measures to improve the capacity of critical thinking for high school students in our country under the context of innovative high school education programs in overall.
Research to select exercise of developing moving speed in competitions - Applying for badminton team of Tan Trao University
Authors: Tran Anh Dung
Published: May 2021

Results of the study was to assess the status of practicing moving skills in competitions of badminton team and choices are 5 exercises with shuttlecock, 4 exercises without shuttlecock, and in which 4 tests has the most effective outcome in competitions. Applications these exercises for badminton team of Tan Trao University have better performances in comparison as before.
Factors affecting the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities student’s satisfaction on Can Tho University quality of training services
Authors: Tang Dinh Ngoc Thao , Nguyen Van Tron , Vo Tan Phat , Nguyen Duong Thanh
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to find out the satisfaction level of students of the School of Social Sciences and Humanities with the quality of training services of Can Tho University. Research data were collected from 240 students who have been studying at School of Social Sciences and Humanities by the quota sampling method from course of 41 to 44, studying at the school with the majors of Literature, Vietnam studies, Information Studies and Sociology. The EFA exploratory factor analysis method and linear regression are used to identify groups of factors that affect the satisfaction of the Social Sciences and Humanities students with the quality of CTU's training services. The research results showed that there are four groups that affect student satisfaction, which are the educational environment, training programs, pedagogical skills and administrative procedures. In general, the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities are satisfied with the quality of training services at CTU.
Climate Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Success Stories and Challenges in the Fight against Climate Change
Authors: Cárdenas Mauricio , Bonilla Juan Pablo , Brusa Federico
Published: May 2021

This work is aimed at nontraditional climate policy actors such as the finance and planning ministries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The objective is to provide a glimpse into the existing, limited, regional examples of how effective climate policy may be achieved while also contributing to sustainable economic and social development. The objectives of this work are multiple: (i) identify regional, tested, growth-spurring policy options that also contribute to sustainable development; (ii) present public and private financial solutions that may enable a just transition; (iii) offer considerations on regionally relevant green recovery packages; (iv) frame these elements within the existing regional political economya necessary condition for effective implementation; and (v) identify existing knowledge gaps while suggesting research avenues to further support the adoption of relevant measures. The Latin American and Caribbean region is highly vulnerable to climate change. Historically, the region has adopted an “adaptation first” posture. The regions early adoption and implementation of the Paris Agreements Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) framework also led to some ambitious decarbonization plans, as well as to considerable advances in the energy and transportation sectors. As countries submit the second iteration of their NDCs, some coordinated whole-of-government approaches emerge. Notwithstanding some positive signs, plenty remains to be done in sectors such as agriculture. From an implementation perspective, the challenge remains the same: to transform ambitious objectives into measurable results.