bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global breathing
Authors: van der Veer Peter
Published: September 2007

In most places in the world one can follow courses in Yoga and Qigong. These forms of Indian and Chinese spirituality have gone global, but are still connected to national identities. This article juxtaposes and compares contemporary Indian and Chinese spiritual movements after sketching the extent to which they are the product of the imperial encounter with the West.
`The burning'
Authors: Pandolfo Stefania
Published: September 2007

Based on ethnographic research with Moroccan youth, the article traces debates and vocabularies related to the experience and imagination of clandestine migration to Europe ( l-harg, `the burning'), and the risk to one's life this entails, with a particular focus on the way Islamic eschatology and political theology provide the conceptual framework and ethical horizon within which subjectivity and despair, the de facto exclusion from citizenship, the existential stakes of life and death, are understood and creatively reconfigured. The article engages with the specific way Islamic ethical-political conceptual configurations such as jihad an-nafs, `the struggle of/against the self' in a context of oppression, the risk of heresy ( al-kufr, as-shirk) in the experience of despair and suicide, the `remembrance of death' ( dhikr al-mawt) and the representation of the Last Day are mobilized in debates among the youth and in the self-description of their predicament. While tracing the youth's specific understanding of theses concepts, the article also relates them to theological and philosophical literatures (from al-Ghazali to Shariati) to which they have access by way of cassette listening, reading, or satellite television. It is written in critical counterpoint with the reflection of Arab psychoanalysts and other secular Middle Eastern intellectuals around the questions of subjectivity and religion, and it was conceived at a time of anxious public debate concerning the problematization of religious violence and the rise of the Islamic revivalist movement.
The praxis of educating action researchers
Authors: Levin Morten , Martin Ann W.
Published: September 2007

This article deals with the matter of educating action researchers in higher education. It takes as a point of departure what is currently published that considers the teaching of action research as a practice within university settings. This literature is rather meagre, so we seek a better understanding in the theories and models developed in adult education. We believe the adult education frame offers the basis for making sense of the relationship between experiences, reflection, and the written reflections intended to communicate research-based insights to the scientific community.
Learning and teaching participation through action research
Authors: Taylor Peter , Pettit Jethro
Published: September 2007

In a time of rapid change, when global forces are re-shaping the ability of ordinary people to influence the decisions which affect their lives, social change practitioners are challenged to learn new skills and competences, and to develop their capacities for learning through critical reflection on action. Drawing on two international dialogues, and linking to the authors' perceptions of the fault-lines that underlie some elements of higher education, the article explores learning needs for action researchers who aspire to promote participation as a key element of social change. The article presents the story of an innovative masters teaching programme within which action research is central to the overall learning process. Highlighting key challenges and also some unanticipated learning outcomes in regard to personal inquiry into identity, relationships, positionality and power, the article highlights issues relating to teaching and learning methods of reflective practice, bridging the personal and political and linking individual to systemic change.
Teaching/learning action research requires fundamental reforms in public higher education
Authors: Greenwood Davydd J.
Published: September 2007

Action researchers have rarely focused attention on reforming higher education and I argue that this is a mistake. The article reviews some of my failed attempts to make AR a sustainable teaching, research, and extension strategy in my own university. These experiences show that AR works well in the classroom and in small and marginal projects but this small scale and marginality and invisibility also makes such efforts fragile and short-lived. We action researchers have yet to use AR strategies successfully to guide necessary reforms in the relation between universities and the extra-university stakeholders and to deepen collaborative relationships within universities among students, staff, and administrators.
Teaching participatory research through reflexivity and relationship
Authors: Etmanski Catherine , Pant Mandakini
Published: September 2007

In early 2005, the Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA) and the University of Victoria's (UVic) Faculty of Education began collaborating on a project to teach participatory research (PR) via distance education. Written by the two course instructors from PRIA and UVic, this article documents the successes and challenges of this international collaborative project. We argue that figuring out how to live and communicate the values of PR in teaching is equal to meeting the content goals, and integral to the struggle of PR itself. Just as our partnership bridges university and community-based institutions in the Majority and Minority Worlds, so too are these differences reflected in the history of PR and in the learner composition of our classrooms. As such, we believe that the theory, practice, and struggle of PR are advanced through the example of our personal and ongoing commitment to reflexivity and relationship.
Singing different tunes from the same song sheet
Authors: Sankaran Shankar , Hase Stewart , Dick Bob , Davies Alan
Published: September 2007

In a move consistent with co-generated learning, this article is co-written by teachers of action research and a former student. Before we present the content and structure of the actual course, we write about the vital issues in teaching action research. We then describe the course and finally hear a former student (himself now supervising doctoral students) on the merits of this particular approach to learning AR as a doctoral student. This article represents the combined experience of the authors in teaching action research together for several years at Southern Cross University in New South Wales, Australia. While involved in the same general activity our focus and experiences have, naturally, been quite different and we have tried to communicate them in this article. Hopefully, our learning will be of some value to the readers. What follows, then, are the thoughts of: Bob, the master action research craftsman and educator; Alan, who sees the bigger picture no matter what he is looking at; Shankar, the implementer and coordinator of projects; and Stewart, who struggles and is at peace with a world full of contradictions.
Birds of Different Feathers
Authors: Weerman Frank M. , Bijleveld Catrien C. J. H.
Published: September 2007

In this article, social network data are used to investigate relationships between 1730 non-, minor and serious delinquent students from lower-level secondary education in the Netherlands. We analyse to what extent students with different delinquency levels are clustered in student networks; how popular and central delinquent students are in their network; and whether gender moderates popularity and centrality. The results show that similarity in delinquency among school friends is moderate and that non-delinquents, minor delinquents and serious delinquents are mixed in school networks. Delinquent students are slightly more popular and central in their networks than are non-delinquents. However, analyses in which same and cross-gender relationships are separated suggest that these differences are mainly the result of cross-gender friendships.
Trust in the Police in 16 European Countries
Authors: Kääriäinen Juha Tapio
Published: September 2007

There is considerable variation in public trust towards the police in different European countries. Through multilevel analysis, the article explores what lies behind this variation. It first approaches the issue at the country level through factors related to the quality and structure of government. The quality of government is looked at and measured by examining corruption in government, and the structure of government by exploring the extent to which society invests its resources in public order and safety services. Here the assumptions are, first of all, that general corruption among public officials decreases public trust in the police and, second, that big investments in public order and safety institutions also decrease trust in the police. In addition, certain individual-level factors are identified that explain public trust in the police. Finally, empirical results are presented that corroborate the above assumptions: in particular, corruption in government strongly explains the country-level variation in public trust towards the police.
The Europeanization of Human Rights
Authors: Vaughan Barry , Kilcommins Shane
Published: September 2007

There is a widespread conviction that contemporary criminal justice developments can best be analysed in terms of their capacity to reassure an anxious public rather than to reduce crime in any straightforward way. Construing current changes as primarily driven by efforts to placate public insecurity downplays several crucial factors of contemporary political rule. States, especially those within Europe, are increasingly integrated around human rights values that circumscribe their actions. These norms provide a resource for national citizens to make claims against states for interests that have been downgraded. This article analyses how this process of the Europeanization of human rights, coupled with crucial domestic factors, has tempered the shift toward a repressive model of criminal justice by introducing greater regulation and oversight of policing by the Irish state. This may presage a splintering of state sovereignty as some of its organizations are inspired by adherence to transnational values, an allegiance that may impede any move towards authoritarian state rule.
Homicides and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Garcia Lorena , Soria Catalina , Hurwitz Eric L.
Published: September 2007

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on intimate partner homicides (IPH). The review begins by describing the factors, magnitude, and consequences associated with IPH, focusing on studies from the United States. Second, the article discusses the public health implications of preventing IPH and the limitations associated with the IPH literature. Last, the article concludes with recommendations of IPH in terms of practice, policy, and research.
Trauma Among Female Veterans
Authors: Zinzow Heidi M. , Grubaugh Anouk L. , Monnier Jeannine , Suffoletta-Maierle Samantha , Frueh B. Christopher
Published: September 2007

This article reviews the literature documenting the nature and prevalence of traumatic experiences, trauma-related mental and physical health problems, and service use among female veterans. Existing research indicates that female veterans experience higher rates of trauma exposure in comparison to the general population. Emerging data also suggest that female veterans may be as likely to be exposed to combat as male veterans, although not as directly or as frequently. Female veterans also report high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, which has been associated with poor psychiatric and physical functioning. Although sexual assault history has been related to increased medical service use, further research is needed to understand relationships between trauma history and patterns of medical and mental health service use. Researchers also are encouraged to employ standardized definitions of trauma and to investigate new areas, such as treatment outcomes and mediators of trauma and health. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
Resistance, Reluctance, and Readiness in Perpetrators of Abuse Against Women and Children
Authors: Scott Katreena L. , King Colin B.
Published: September 2007

Perpetrators of abuse and violence against women and children are often reluctant participants in intervention programs. They frequently fail to attend scheduled appointments, are sometimes openly hostile to intervention staff, and often judge program materials as irrelevant to their situation. Recognizing this problem, researchers and practitioners have begun to develop models and tools to more appropriately assess and intervene with reluctant clients. Unfortunately, the resulting proliferation and inconsistent application of terms and theories have led to considerable confusion in characterizing reluctant clients and have significantly hampered research on strategies that may be helpful to better meet the needs of this client group. The purpose of this review is to help standardize the definition and measurement of treatment reluctance as it applies to violence perpetration and to review evidence for the importance of these aspects of client reluctance to intervention. Recommendations for assessing reluctance in research and clinical practice are also provided.
Assessing the health of older adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Fender Aileen , Marsden Lou , Starr John M.
Published: September 2007

Older adults with intellectual disability are at increased risk of a wide range of health problems. Hitherto, methods to assess these problems have been healthcare-professional-led and largely based on traditional medical models. Following a literature review and focus group work we produced a user-led health assessment that was feasible and acceptable. The assessment was administered to 57 adults with a wide range of intellectual disability aged 40 years and over, living in the community. The assessment took a median of 21 minutes to administer and covered user-led themes of participation/ability, nutrition and hygiene/self-care. A principal component representing a user-led general health measure correlated positively with the number of health problems (ρ = 0.54, p < 0.001) and the number of drugs (ρ = 0.55, p < 0.001). Further studies using such user-led assessments are needed to assess whether they can have a wider application.
Assessing goal attainment for quality improvement
Authors: Lawlor David , York Michaela
Published: September 2007

Organizations that support persons with intellectual disabilities will likely experience increasing pressure to provide evidence of the benefits of services to participants in programs. In this article we propose a model for assessing goal attainment modified from scales used with other populations that both develops from the person-centered planning process and informs on program and organizational efficacy. Implications for assessing goal attainment and considerations for applying information to improve individual, program and organization quality are presented.
Language, labels and diagnosis
Authors: McClimens Alex
Published: September 2007

The phrase `learning disability' is just one in a long succession of descriptors applied to those people in our society who are categorized by a matrix of psycho-medical assessments, marginalized by compromised intellectual function, characterized by increased health needs and excluded from the mainstream on the basis of reduced social opportunity. But what exactly is `learning disability'? Is there an empirical basis to the label, or is it just another example of bureaucratic language objectifying individuals in a process of medicalization? Historical examples will be used to illustrate the origins of the taxonomy that has subsequently formed the basis of the labelling process. The more recent words of individuals labelled with learning disability too will be introduced to offer some grounding to the debate. Any apparent problem belongs to language more than science. Narrative approaches to understanding are suggested as a useful alternative to traditional scientific inquiry.
Prevalence and influences on self-reported smoking among adolescents with mild learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and their typically developing peers
Authors: Kalyva Efronsini
Published: September 2007

Many adolescents take up the smoking habit despite its well-documented adverse health effects. This study explores the prevalence and influences on smoking among 89 adolescents with mild learning disabilities, 108 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 124 typically developing peers aged 12—16 years. All the participants were attending mainstream secondary schools and they were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire on smoking. It was found that adolescents with ADHD smoked more than adolescents with mild learning disabilities, who in turned smoked more than adolescents not diagnosed with any disability. More adolescents with ADHD reported that the majority of their friends smoked and they were less well informed about the health effects of smoking. No differences were identified between the three groups in terms of the smoking behaviour of their parents and the perceived attitudes of their parents and friends towards smoking. Findings are discussed and suggestions are made for further research.
An evaluation of positive behavioural support for people with very severe challenging behaviours in community-based settings
Authors: McClean Brian , Grey Ian M. , McCracken Margaret
Published: September 2007

This study employs a multiple baseline across individual design to describe positive behaviour support for five people in community settings. The individuals represent all people with intellectual disability residing in one county with long-standing challenging behaviour resulting in serious physical injury. Five types of outcome are presented: rates of behaviour, rates of medication, psychiatric symptomatology, quality of life and revenue costs. The systems of support required to maintain outcomes and develop real lifestyles include behaviour support planning, mental health review, on-call intensive support and emergency respite care. Behaviours reduced to near-zero levels following implementation of positive behaviour support and improvements were sustained over 24 months. The use of psychotropic medications reduced by 66 percent over the same period. Quality of Life Questionnaire scores improved significantly for three of the five participants. The results are discussed in the context of a framework for supporting people with severe challenging behaviours in the community.
Trace the Stones in Crossing the River
Authors: Chengju Huang
Published: September 2007

/ This study aims to identify and analyse the most recent media structural changes in post-WTO China. The study finds that a media structural reform strategy involving an internal shakeup and external opening up is taking shape in both policy and practice. There are signs to suggest that the media sector is in transition from a market socialism model to a state-controlled capitalist corporation model. This pragmatic approach of media structural reform reflects the Chinese government's strategy to absorb private/foreign capital and western know-how of media management without losing its ownership and political control of the media sector. The author argues that a more diverse media structure and more open media market may lead to a more professional and less corrupt media system in China in the foreseeable future.
Confucian Vision of a New World Order?
Authors: Qing Cao
Published: September 2007

/ The aims of this article are three-fold. First, it attempts to examine key features of a culturalist discourse reflecting a Confucian vision of a new world order that is being incorporated into China's foreign policy. Second, it analyses and assesses Chinese pragmatic nationalism that underpins an accommodationist foreign policy, contextualized within the ruling Communist Party's comprehensive revamping of itself on a new culturalist basis, in particular with the Hu—Wen leadership in the early years of the 21st century. Third, it examines the role of the press in disseminating the culturalist discourse and assesses its implications. The article concludes that the impact of the Confucian pacifist discourse on external perceptions of China is still limited, due to structural problems existing between China and the West, complexities and inherent tensions within Chinese nationalism and China's internal dynamics of politics.
Nationalism as Public Imagination
Authors: Zhongshi Guo  , Weng Hin Cheong  , Huailin Chen
Published: September 2007

/ This study investigates latent and manifest dimensions of nationalism and their theoretical and empirical relationships with patterns of media use in the everyday life context of metropolitan China. Data from a face-to-face survey conducted with a random sample of 600 Shanghai residents show that the mass media's appeal to the public perception of nationalism acts effectively and differentially on both event-triggered and banal everyday forms of nationalism. It is also found that attention to news has a direct effect on manifest nationalism, but a largely indirect effect on latent nationalism through specific knowledge, mental complexity, patterns of information processing and interpersonal communication.
Pathology of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA in Huntaway Dogs
Authors: Jolly R. D. , Johnstone A. C. , Norman E. J. , Hopwood J. J. , Walkley S. U.
Published: September 2007

Dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA were bred within an experimental colony. As part of characterizing them as a model for testing therapeutic strategies for the analogous disease of children, a pathologic study was undertaken. By histology, there were variably stained storage cytosomes within neurons, including many that stained for gangliosides. On ultrastructure examination, these cytosomes contained either moderately dense granular material, tentatively interpreted as precipitated glycosaminoglycan; a variety of multilaminar bodies, interpreted as being associated with secondary accumulation of gangliosides; or a mixture of both types. In the liver, storage vesicles also contained excess glycogen as a secondary storage product. In various tissues, there were large foamy macrophages. In the brain, many of these were in juxtaposition with neurons, and, on ultrastructure examination, they contained storage cytosomes similar to those in neurons. However, the neuron in association with such a macrophage frequently showed little such material.
Cutaneous Neoplasms in Pet Rabbits: A Retrospective Study
Authors: von Bomhard W. , Goldschmidt M. H. , Shofer F. S. , Perl L. , Rosenthal K. L. , Mauldin E. A.
Published: September 2007

Over a 16-year period, 190 tumors and tumorlike lesions from 179 pet rabbits were submitted for histopathologic examination. A total of 23 different tumor types and 1 tumorlike lesion were diagnosed. The most common diagnoses were trichoblastoma, collagenous hamartoma, and Shope fibroma. Viral-induced tumors were Shope fibroma (19) and Shope papilloma (2). Common nonviral epithelial tumors included trichoblastoma (59), squamous cell carcinoma (5), squamous papilloma (4), trichoepithelioma (3), and apocrine carcinoma (3). Common mesenchymal tumors were lipoma (10), liposarcoma (3), myxosarcoma (9), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (8), fibrosarcoma (7), and leiomyosarcoma (4). Malignant melanoma was diagnosed in 8 rabbits. Collagenous hamartomas were diagnosed in 26 rabbits. Mesenchymal proliferations occurred significantly more often in male rabbits than in females. Collagenous hamartomas and myxosarcomas occurred exclusively in male animals, and 3 rabbits had multiple collagenous hamartomas. Immunohistochemistry was applied in cases in which a definite diagnosis could not be reached on hematoxylin and eosin slides. Follow-up information was received in 19 cases. Carcinomas recurred (2 of 3) or metastasized (1 of 3), whereas sarcomas frequently recurred (7 of 12). One malignant melanoma (1 of 3) and one poorly differentiated round cell neoplasm recurred (1 of 1). This is the first comprehensive retrospective analysis on skin neoplasia in pet rabbits.
Myocarditis Associated with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O in Lambs
Authors: Gulbahar M. Y. , Davis W. C. , Guvenc T. , Yarim M. , Parlak U. , Kabak Y. B.
Published: September 2007

The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, γδ T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 α-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin α5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin αV) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.
Cellular Characterization of Multidrug Resistance P-glycoprotein, Alpha Fetoprotein, and Neovascular Endothelium-Associated Antigens in Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cirrhotic Liver
Authors: Tashbaeva R. E. , Hwang D.-N. , Song G.-S. , Choi N.-H. , Lee J.-H. , Lyoo Y.-S. , Lee S.-J. , Jung D.-I. , Kim H.-Y. , Sur J.-H.
Published: September 2007

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is encoded by the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1); alpha fetoprotein (AFP); and vascular endothelium-associated antigens are well-known markers for human and canine hepatic diseases. We obtained liver tissues from 5 dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 12 dogs with cirrhosis, and we performed histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations using anti-P-gp, anti-AFP, anti-CD31, and anti-CD34 antibodies. P-gp was expressed at higher levels in HCC than in cirrhotic livers ( P < .01), and was most commonly localized in biliary canaliculi and small ductuli. AFP was localized mainly in the cytoplasm in HCC ( P < .01) and in a few cases of cirrhosis. In both HCC and cirrhosis, the AFP-positive cells were morphologically similar to normal hepatocytes and showed an even cytoplasmic distribution of AFP. The endothelial markers CD31 and CD34 were used to investigate vascular distribution. CD31 was expressed strongly in the portal area and parenchyma in HCC, but it was rarely observed in the parenchyma in cirrhosis. CD34 expression could not be detected in both HCC and cirrhosis. This study constitutes the first comprehensive study of P-gp, AFP, and endothelial markers in canine HCC and cirrhosis. The importance of these markers in HCC and cirrhosis in dogs was demonstrated and provides a more accurate basis for a definitive diagnosis of HCC and cirrhosis in dogs.
The Spectrum of Canine Cutaneous Perivascular Wall Tumors: Morphologic, Phenotypic and Clinical Characterization
Authors: Avallone G. , Helmbold P. , Caniatti M. , Stefanello D. , Nayak R. C. , Roccabianca P.
Published: September 2007

Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are defined as neoplasms deriving from mural cells of blood vessels, excluding the endothelial lining. The spectrum of human cutaneous PWT includes glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma (HEP), myopericytoma, angioleiomyoma/sarcoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and angiofibroma. The purpose of this study was to revise clinical presentation, cytology, histopathology, and immunohistology of canine cutaneous PWT with cytology typical of canine HEP. Diagnosis was established on the basis of vascular growth patterns (staghorn, placentoid, perivascular whorling, bundles from media) and immunohistology, including 7 smooth muscle markers and the cell membrane ganglioside of unknown origin recognized by the antibody 3G5 (CMG-3G5). Twenty cases were included. Ages ranged from 6 to 13 years; 12 dogs were males and 8 were females, and there was a prevalence of crossbreeds. Tumors arose from a single site with preferential acral location (10/20). Cytology revealed moderate to high cellularity in all cases, cohesive groups of cells (19/20), capillaries (18/20), and bi- to multinucleated cells (18/20). Six myopericytomas, 5 angioleiomyomas, 2 angioleiomyosarcomas, 2 HEP, 1 angiofibroma, and 1 adventitial tumor were identified. A definitive diagnosis was not possible in 3 cases. Smoothelin, heavy caldesmon, desmin, myosin, calponin, and CMG-3G5 were the most valuable markers to differentially diagnose canine PWT. Similar to reports in humans, canine HEP embodied a spectrum of neoplastic entities arising from different vascular mural cells. Before canine PWTs are assimilated into one prognostic category, a consistent classification and characterization of their biology is necessary. As proposed in humans, HEP should also be considered a diagnosis of exclusion in dogs.
Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Associated Cerebellar Vasculitis in Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)-Affected Pigs
Authors: Seeliger F. A. , Brügmann M. L. , Kruger L. , Greiser-Wilke I. , Verspohl J. , Segalés J. , Baumgärtner W.
Published: September 2007

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with several syndromes in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. In the present study, a previously undescribed neurovascular disorder associated with a PCV2 infection is described. Sixteen pigs showed clinical signs of wasting and neurologic deficits. Acute hemorrhages and edema of cerebellar meninges and parenchyma due to a necrotizing vasculitis resulted in degeneration and necrosis of the gray and white matter. Few to numerous PCV2 DNA and antigen-bearing endothelial cells were detected in affected areas of the brain using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Conventional histochemical stains, as well as the detection of caspase 3 activity and DNA strand breaks by the terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, showed numerous apoptotic endothelial cells in the vascular lesions observed. Sequencing of various brain-derived PCV2-specific amplicons revealed a strong identity between different isolates and an 89 to 100% identity to previous isolates. The phylogenetic tree showed that there was no clustering of isolates correlating to clinical signs or geographic distribution. This previously undescribed PCV2-associated neurologic disease has features of both postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and, to a lesser extent, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. The available evidence suggests that direct virus-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of this unusual PCV2-associated cerebellar vasculitis.
Metastatic Iridociliary Adenocarcinoma in a Labrador Retriever
Authors: Zarfoss M. K. , Dubielzig R. R.
Published: September 2007

An enucleated left eye from a 15-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was received by the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) for histopathologic evaluation. Routine histologic preparation included staining with hematoxylin and eosin, and with alcian blue periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). At necropsy 9 months later, all grossly abnormal tissues (ipsilateral orbit and lung) were submitted to the COPLOW for histopathologic evaluation. Histopathologic evaluation of the globe revealed extensive invasion of the uvea and sclera by a pleomorphic cell population that formed disorganized cords and exhibited PAS-positive basement membrane material. Necropsy revealed a morphologically similar tumor in the ipsilateral orbit and lung. On immunohistochemical examination, the intraocular tumor stained diffusely immunopositive for vimentin, S-100, and neuron-specific enolase and multifocally, sparsely immunopositive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. The orbital and thoracic tumors stained positively for vimentin but negatively for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. There are few reports of canine metastatic iridociliary adenocarcinoma in the literature; this is the first with immunohistochemical analysis.
Cutaneous Toxoplasmosis in a Female Japanese Cat
Authors: Park C.-H. , Ikadai H. , Yoshida E. , Isomura H. , Inukai H. , Oyamada T.
Published: September 2007

A 16-year-old female Japanese cat was presented with a single mammary-gland nodule approximately 3 cm in diameter. Histologically, the nodule consisted of necrotizing granulomatous panniculitis, vasculitis, and mastitis, and contained free and clustered protozoal organisms. The organism was present in the cytoplasm of macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mammary-gland epithelia. The organism was positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii and anti- Neospora caninum antibodies. Electron microscopy showed single and grouped tachyzoites, with morphologic features similar to those of T. gondii. Polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis was consistent with T. gondii infection. This is the first report of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a Japanese cat.
Aleutian Disease in Two Domestic Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis)
Authors: Pennick K. E. , Latimer K. S. , Brown C. A. , Hayes J. R. , Sarver C. F.
Published: September 2007

This report describes the use of polymerase chain reaction and DNA in situ hybridization to diagnose Aleutian mink disease parvovirus DNA in various tissue specimens from 2 companion striped skunks. Clinical, laboratory, and microscopic findings also support a clinical diagnosis of Aleutian disease in these mink.
Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Kondo H. , Ishikawa M. , Maeda H. , Onuma M. , Masuda M. , Shibuya H. , Koie H. , Sato T.
Published: September 2007

A 6-year-old male cross-breed rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented with lameness and severe swelling from the right shoulder to brachium. On 16-detector helical computed tomography images of the amputated right forelimb after being fixed in formalin, evident proliferative and destructive lesions of bone were observed. On histologic examination, the tumor was composed of proliferating neoplastic cells that resembled histiocytes, with abundant osteoid production. A large number of multinucleated giant cells were found throughout. This case was diagnosed as osteosarcoma by clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings. This is a rare case report of osteosarcoma in a rabbit consistent with canine predilection sites.
Chronic Polymyositis Associated with Disseminated Sarcocystosis in a Captive-born Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Gozalo A. S. , Montali R. J. , St. Claire M. , Barr B. , Rejmanek D. , Ward J. M.
Published: September 2007

A 2–year-old, captive-born, clinically healthy male, rhesus macaque, was euthanatized as part of an experimental study. At necropsy, diffuse pale streaking of the trunk, lumbar, and limb muscles were noted macroscopically. On histology, numerous elongated cysts that contained crescent-shaped basophilic spores were found in the fibers of skeletal muscles. Scattered affected myofibers were degenerate and accompanied by eosinophilic-to-granulomatous inflammation. Sarcocysts had prominent villus-like projections with the morphology of a type 11 sarcocyst wall similar to Sarcocystis neurona but possessing many more villus microtubules than is reported for S. neurona. In addition, bradyzoites were very long, up to approximately 12 um in length. The protozoa were consistent with a Sarcocystis sp., based on histology and ultrastructure, however, a definitive identification of the species was not possible. Nonspecific immunohistochemical crossreaction with Sarcocystis cruzi antisera was observed. The 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequence showed 91% similarity to Sarcocystis hominis, 90% similarity to Sarcocystis buffalonis, and 89% similarity to Sarcocystis hirsuta. Interestingly, the ITSI sequence showed very little homology to any sequence in GenBank, suggesting that this is possibly a unique Sarcocystis sp. Sarcocystosis is often considered an incidental finding, particularly in wild-caught animals, with little clinical significance. However, as demonstrated in this report and others, disseminated sarcocystosis can occur in captive-born rhesus macaques with or without clinical signs. In some cases interference with research results can occur; including death in fulminant cases.
Histopathologic Evidence of Capecitabine Corneal Toxicity in Dogs
Authors: Zarfoss M. , Bentley E. , Milovancev M. , Schmiedt C. , Dubielzig R. , McAnulty J.
Published: September 2007

In an experimental model of transplant rejection, renal transplants were performed on 6 mixed-breed dogs. Capecitabine (CPC) was administered as an oral immunosuppressive agent. All recipients received systemic CPC, cyclosporine (CSA), prednisolone, and famotidine throughout the study. Two dogs developed superficial keratitis, which was characterized by multifocal geographic erosions, superficial corneal epithelial pigmentation, and corneal neovascularization. These clinical signs correlated with the dose of CPC given, whereas other drug doses remained unchanged. After euthanasia, routine histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with alcian blue periodic acid— Schiff for light microscopic evaluation. Ocular histopathologic abnormalities were limited to neovascularization and inflammatory infiltrate of the anterior corneal stroma and abnormal basal cell morphology, disorganization, thinning, and pigmentation of the corneal epithelium. The purpose of this communication is to describe the clinical and histopathologic evidence of CPC corneal toxicity in dogs.
Spontaneously Occurring Alimentary Osteofluorosis Associated with Proliferative Gastroduodenopathy in Rabbits
Authors: Bock P. , Peters M. , Bago Z. , Wolf P. , Thiele A. , Baumgärtner W.
Published: September 2007

Growing rabbits from two rabbitries, fed with commercial concentrates and hay, developed painful thickenings of the extremities. Four rabbits from each farm were clinically examined and necropsied. All animals showed multiple moderate to severe osseous proliferations of extremities and mandibles and a mild to severe proliferative gastroduodenopathy. Histologically, periosteal and endosteal hyperostosis and a mild to severe proliferation of the gastric and duodenal mucosa were noted. Bone analyses revealed 12,700 and 15,000 ug fluoride per gram of bone ash in affected rabbits, compared with 550 ug fluoride in a control animal. A highly elevated fluoride content was found in concentrates. Vitamin A levels were moderately increased only in one concentrate, and copper levels were normal. Results indicate that alimentary fluoride intoxication caused prominent bony proliferations in the examined rabbits. Whether the proliferative gastroduodenopathy is related to the elevated fluoride intake or represents an incidentally occurring secondary disease remains to be determined.
Multiple Hepatic Peribiliary Cysts in a Young Pig
Authors: Komine M. , Kawasako K. , Akihara Y. , Shimoyama Y. , Okamoto M. , Matsuda K. , Hirayama K. , Taniyama H.
Published: September 2007

Histopathologic features of hepatic peribiliary cysts were described in a young slaughtered pig. The animal was an apparently healthy 6–month-old pig of mixed breed. Macroscopically, all lobes of the liver contained numerous cysts of varying size containing serous fluid in all lobes. Histopathologically, the cysts were located mainly around the large bile duct and in the connective tissue of the portal tracts. Within serial sections, these cysts were assumed to be solitary or multilocular, but they were separated from the bile duct. The cysts were lined by a single layer of columnar, cuboidal, and flattened epithelial cells. Occasionally, goblet cells were observed. The epithelial cells were stained with periodic acid—Schiff/alcian blue and high-iron diamine/alcian blue, indicating the presence of neutral mucin, sialomucin, and sulfomucin. Grimalius' method revealed the presence of endocrine cells in the lining epithelium. There was no bile pigment in the cysts by the Hall method.
Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Not Related to Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus in a Goat
Authors: Ortin A. , Benito A. A. , Lacasta D. , Ferrer L. M. , De Las Heras M.
Published: September 2007

A spontaneous lung tumor in a 5–year-old goat of the Murciano-Granadina breed is described in this paper. Clinical signs of cachexia and tachypnoea were evident, and a considerable amount of white mucous foamy fluid was discharged from the nostrils when the animal's head was lowered. A lung tumor with the characteristics of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was detected during histopathologic examination. The tumor cells were positive for surfactant proteins C and B, confirming that alveolar type II cells were the origin of the neoplasia. Tumor samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry for the presence of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), another retrovirus very closely related to JSRV, but all tests were negative. Therefore, this is the first reported case of spontaneous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma not related to JSRV or ENTV infection in a goat.
Internal Hydrocephalus and Associated Periventricular Encephalitis in a Young Fox
Authors: Mandara M. T. , Pavone S. , Vitellozzi G.
Published: September 2007

Marked lateral ventricular enlargement associated with atrophic cerebral cortex and periventricular encephalitis is described in a 2–month-old fox affected by disorientation, generalized ataxia, difficulty in walking, circling, and blindness. Clinical conditions progressed to stupor and spontaneous death within a few days. At necropsy, severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions were observed in periventricular sites associated with diverticula and cleft formation in perithalamic areas and rhinencephalic cortex. Immunolabeling for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, canine distemper virus, and rabies virus was negative. Given the presence of periventricular and choroidal neutrophilic/mononuclear cell infiltration, it is thought that a bacterial infection may have been the cause of the inflammatory lesions, with internal hydrocephalus secondary to the severe periventricular lesions. A similar condition has been previously reported in the pathogenesis of spontaneously occurring acquired canine hydrocephalus, but no viral or bacterial causes have been investigated to date.
Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Infection in the African Green Monkey
Authors: Twenhafel N. A. , Leffel E. , Pitt M. L. M.
Published: September 2007

There is a critical need for an alternative nonhuman primate model for inhalational anthrax infection because of the increasingly limited supply and cost of the current model. This report describes the pathology in 12 African green monkeys (AGMs) that succumbed to inhalational anthrax after exposure to a low dose (presented dose 200–2 X 104 colony-forming units [cfu]) or a high dose (presented dose 2 X 104–1 X 107 cfu) of Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) spores. Frequent gross lesions noted in the AGM were hemorrhage and edema in the lung, mediastinum, and mediastinal lymph nodes; pleural and pericardial effusions; meningitis; and gastrointestinal congestion and hemorrhage. Histopathologic findings included necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis of mediastinal, axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes; mediastinal edema; necrotizing splenitis; meningitis; and congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of the lung, mesentery, mesenteric lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads. Pathologic changes in AGMs were remarkably similar to what has been reported in rhesus macaques and humans that succumbed to inhalational anthrax; thus, AGMs could serve as useful models for inhalation anthrax studies.
Zerstörungsfreie Tomographie von Raumladungs- und Polarisationsverteilungen mittels Wärmepulsen (Non-destructive Space-charge and Polarization Tomography with Thermal Pulses)
Authors: Mellinger Axel , Flores Suarez Rosaura , Singh Rajeev , Wegener Michael , Wirges Werner , Gerhard-Multhaupt Reimund
Published: September 2007

Mittels laserinduzierter Wärmepulse lassen sich dreidimensionale Raumladungs- und Polarisationsverteilungen in Elektret-Materialien auf zerstörungsfreie Weise abbilden. Bei Testmessungen an pyroelektrischen Poly(vinylidenfluorid)-Folien wurden bis zu 45 × 45 Pixel große Bilder mit einer Tiefenauflösung von weniger als 0,5 μm und einer lateralen Auflösung von 40 μm gewonnen. Der die laterale Auflösung begrenzende Faktor war die rasche Wärmediffusion in der lichtabsorbierenden, metallischen Frontelektrode. Erste Tests an piezoelektrischen Sensorkabeln und strukturiert aufgeladenen Polytetrafluorethylen-Folien zeigen die vielfältigen Anwendungsbereiche dieses Messverfahrens.
Embedded Diagnosis for Pressure Transmitters. Automatic Detection of the Impulse Lines Plugging in Differential Pressure Transmitters (Eingebaute Diagnose für Drucksensoren. Automatische Detektion von verstopften Messleitungen bei Differenzdrucktransmittern)
Authors: Andenna Andrea , Eifel Dominik , Invernizzi Giovanni
Published: September 2007

The paper shows the successful implementation of the plugged-impulse-lines diagnostic function in a differential pressure transmitter. The algorithm is self-adaptive to the specific process conditions at the time of installation and proved to be applicable for both liquids and gases. Special care was taken for avoiding false alarms and having at the same time good diagnosis effectiveness. Several field tests proved the usability of the plugged-impulse-line detection function in industrial applications.
MWIR-Wärmebildkamera mit Mikrobolometer (Microbolometer-based MWIR Infrared Camera)
Authors: Budzier Helmut , Krause Volker , Gerlach Gerald , Wassiliew Dimitar
Published: September 2007

Der Aufsatz berichtet über ein ungekühltes Wärmebildsystem mit einem Mikrobolometerarray für den mittleren Infrarotbereich (MWIR, 3 bis 5 μm Wellenlänge), das besonders für industrielle Applikationen ein breites Anwendungsspektrum bietet. Beispielhaft seien hier die Messung der Temperatur von Glas oder die Feuerraumüberwachung in Müllverbrennungsanlagen genannt.