bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Study on At-Risk Hispanic Adolescents engaged in Social Emotional Learning and Mindfulness Practices
Authors: Sanchez Bernice , Kazen Hayley
Published: October 2021

The following study highlights the importance of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) and provides a descriptive overview of the Collaborative for Academic Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) organization competencies at both the national and state level. Qualitative data was collected during a study conducted on at-risk Hispanic high school students who engaged in a mindfulness yoga program. Adolescents voluntarily participated in 12 weeks of mindfulness yoga (24 classes) and provided post essay responses to questions associated with the five core competencies of SEL: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision making. Evidence aligned with SEL competencies after 24 mindfulness yoga sessions through implicit yoga instruction (absence of explicit direct instruction) were coded and reported accordingly. Overall, findings indicate consistencies with previous research on mindfulness yoga programs in the schools of the impactful benefits of healthy behaviors and mental wellness for adolescents at risk. Documented conclusions from this study showcase an increased positive impact on SEL categories of self-awareness, self-management, and decision making.
All-optical linearized Mach-Zehnder modulator
Authors: Morton Paul A. , Khurgin Jacob B. , Morton Michael J.
Published: October 2021

A practical, broadband, all-optical linearization concept for a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed and demonstrated. The unique transmitter design includes an amplitude modulated (AM) standard MZM with two optical outputs, where the alternative (or complimentary) output is combined with the laser carrier to create a linearizing optical local oscillator, which when coherently combined with the AM signal fully cancels 3rd order intermodulation distortion components. Using this scheme, record linearity is achieved for a non-amplified RF photonic link, with spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 118.5 dB.Hz2/3 and 123 dB.Hz2/3 for single and dual fiber/photodetector schemes.
Dual-frequency pulse laser based on acousto-optic modulation
Authors: Wang Yuhe , Lian Yudong , Han Shiwei , Yu Yang , Qi Xuan , Bai Zhenxu , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei
Published: October 2021

Non-collinear stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification can obtain high peak power Stokes output while ensuring the stability, but the frequency mismatch reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the system. In this paper, a dual-frequency pulse laser based on acousto-optic crystal modulation is designed. The output pulse pair can be used as pump and Stokes light, respectively, which realizes the active frequency matching of the gain medium Brillouin frequency shift during the SBS amplification process and helps to maintain ideal energy conversion efficiency. The dual-frequency laser finally produced a laser pulse pair with a pulse width adjustment range of 100 ps-50 ns, a frequency shift range of 0 GHz-2 GHz, and the polarization extinction ratio (PER) reaches 20.82dB.
Four-mode 2D/3D switchable display with a 1D/2D convertible liquid crystal lens array
Authors: Chu Fan , Guo Yu-Qiang , Zhang Yu-Xian , Duan Wei , Zhang Han-Le , Tian Li-Lan , Li Lei , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: October 2021

A four-mode 2D/3D switchable display using a 1D/2D convertible liquid crystal (LC) lens array is proposed in this paper. The LC lens array is composed of two orthogonal LC lens arrays, with a λ/2 film in the middle to rotate the polarization by 90°. Based on the LC lens array, a four-mode 2D/3D switchable display is realized, which is switchable between the turn-off and turn-on states: when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode I, which is 2D display; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode II, and the 3D display effect is in x direction; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode III, and the 3D display effect is in y direction; when the operating voltage V1 = 0, V2 = 0, the display operates in mode IV, the 3D display effect is in x-y plane. Experimental results indicate that the LC lens array has simple fabrication process, low operating voltage (∼5.4V), and short focal length. Moreover, based on the designed LC lens array, the 2D/3D switchable display shows no moiré pattern.
Analyzing the electron trajectories in strong-field tunneling ionization with the phase-of-the-phase spectroscopy
Authors: Tan Jia , Zhou Yueming , Xu Shengliang , Ke Qinghua , Liang Jintai , Ma Xiaomeng , Cao Wei , Li Min , Zhang Qingbin , Lu Peixiang
Published: October 2021

By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we theoretically study strong-field tunneling ionization of Ar atom in the parallel two-color field which consists of a strong fundamental pulse and a much weaker second harmonic component. Based on the quantum orbits concept, we analyzed the photoelectron momentum distributions with the phase-of-the-phase spectroscopy, and the relative contributions of the two parts of the photoelectrons produced during the rising and falling edges of the adjacent quarters of the laser cycle are identified successfully. Our results show that the relative contributions of these two parts depend on both of the transverse and longitude momenta. By comparing the results from model atoms with Coulomb potential and short-range potential, the role of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the relative contributions of these two parts of electrons is revealed. Additionally, we show that the effects of Coulomb interaction on ionization time are vital for identifying their relative contributions.
Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire
Authors: Zakharin Michael , Bates Timothy C.
Published: October 2021

Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tested previously theorised models, confirming none provide adequate fit. We then developed a well-fitting model of the MFQ. In this model, the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care foundations were preserved intact. The binding foundations, however, divided into five, rather than the original three foundations. Purity/sanctity split into independent foundations of purity and sanctity. Similarly, Ingroup/loyalty divided into independent factors of loyalty to clan and loyalty to country. Authority/respect was re-focussed on hierarchy, losing one item to the new sanctity foundation and another into loyalty to country. In addition to these 7 foundations, higher-level factors of binding and individualizing were supported, along with a general/acquiescence factor. Finally, a “moral tilt” factor corresponding to coordinated left-leaning vs. right-leaning moral patterns was supported. We validated the model in four additional studies, testing replication of the 7-foundation model in data including from US, Australia, and China (total N = 9,225). The model replicated with good fit found in all four samples. These findings demonstrate the first well-fitting replicable model of the MFQ. They also highlight the importance of modelling measurement structure, and reveal important additional foundations, and structure (binding, individualizing, tilt) above the foundations.
Introdução
Authors: Guerrini Andrea , Martins Rita
Published: October 2021

De acordo com a legislação da UE, existem diferentes abordagens na organização dos serviços de interesse económico geral, nomeadamente nos sectores da electricidade, gás, água e águas residuais.
Determination of autoantibodies in dogs with diabetes mellitus
Authors: González-Villar Franco , Pérez-Bravo Francisco
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: The classification of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs has been controversial as currently canine insulin-dependent DM is classified together with absolute insulin deficiency, non-insulin-dependent DM, and relative insulin deficiency. Studies on human autoantibodies evaluated in canines with DM, such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), anti-islet antigen 2 (IA2), and anti-zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8), have been inconclusive. Thus, this study was designed to establish the serological profile of anti-GAD65, anti-IA2, and anti-ZnT8 antibodies in a group of dogs with and without DM.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-one dogs, including 31 patients with DM (with and without insulin treatment) and 30 patients without DM (normal weight and obese), were included for determining autoantibodies using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection system for type 1 DM.

Results: This study found the presence of anti-IA2 antibodies in 58% of the sample (18/31 patients with DM); however, the presence of anti-GAD65 was not detected, and anti-ZnT8 was found in 3 (9.6%) patients with DM.

Conclusion: This study showed a higher positive frequency of anti-IA2 antibodies in a sample of canine with DM, indicating that alterations in the signaling vesicle tyrosine phosphatase 2 lead to lower insulin release and thus to an increase in patients' glycemia. These preliminary results should be taken with caution and corroborated by a canine-specific assay when an ELISA is available for such determination.
The results of immunohistochemical study of antibodies to CYP11B2 in primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Romanova N. Yu. , Selivanova L. S. , Platonova N. M. , Beltsevich D. G. , Troshina E. A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma (APA) is responsible for the majority of cases clinically diagnosed as primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is one of the enzymes that play essential roles in aldosterone synthesis and is involved in the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism. Recent studies have demonstrated that various factors influence the expression and function of CYP11B2 in APA. In particular, somatic mutations, such as gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations have been identified in several genes, each of which encodes a pivotal protein that affects the calcium signaling pathway, the expression of CYP11B2, and aldosterone production. On the other hand, CYP11B2 also catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to 18-hydroxycortisol and subsequently converts 18-hydroxycortisol to 18-oxocortisol. The article also discusses the clinical significance of 18-oxocortisol, an important biomarker for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Somatic mutations in aldosterone-driver genes are strongly associated with CYP11B2 expression and have been only detected in the CYP11B2-positive tumor area, that indicating heterogeneous expression of CYP11B2 in tumor.

Aim: to assess the functional heterogeneity of adrenal tumors in primary aldosteronism

Materials and methods: Retrospective evaluation adrenal tumors from patients with primary aldosteronism (n=20). According to CT unilateral macrohyperplasia was detected in 19 patients (95% of total), all of them were confirmed to have unilateral hyperproduction of aldosterone according to AVS. Selected tumors werestained with anty-CYP11B2 antibody. We evaluated the CYP11B2 expression in the adenoma and in the adjacent adrenal cortex.

Results: Immunohistochemistry studies of the resected adrenals from 20 patients with PA operated due to unilateral production of aldosterone using CYP11B2 staining showed that 10 of those with an adenoma on CT scanning showed CYP11B2 staining in the adenoma. Furthermore, 5 cases of an unilateral adenoma, showed CYP11B2 staining in the adjacent adrenal cortex and an absence of staining for CYP11B2 in the adenoma. 5 cases showed CYP11B2 expression is heterogeneously immunolocalized throughout the tumor area.

Conclusion: Thus, the functional heterogeneity of adrenal tumors in primary aldosteronism has been proven. It is necessary to compare the data of immunohistochemical studies on the expression of CYP11B2 with the indicators of the level of 18-hydroxycortisol, 18-oxocortisol.
Lymphatic system and adipose tissue: Crosstalk in health and disease
Authors: Klimontov V. V. , Bulumbaeva D. M.
Published: October 2021

The lymphatic system (LS) is one of the main integrative systems of the body, providing protective and transport functions. In recent years, interactions between LS and adipose tissue (AT) have been of particular interest. Lymphatic vessels play an important role in metabolic and regulatory functions of AT, acting as a collector of lipolysis products and adipokines. In its turn, hormones and adipocytokines that produced in adipocytes (including leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) affect the function of lymphatic endothelial cells and control the growth of lymphatic vessels. Cooperation between LS and AT becomes pathogenetically and clinically important in lymphedema and obesity. It is known that both primary and secondary lymphedema are characterized by increased fat accumulation which is associated with the severity of lymphostasis and inflammation. Similarly, in obesity, the drainage function of LS is impaired, which is accompanied by perilymphatic mononuclear infiltration in the AT. The development of these changes is facilitated by endocrine dysfunction of adipocytes and impaired production of adipocytokines. The increase in the production of inflammatory mediators and the disruption of the traffic of inflammatory cells causes a further deterioration in the outflow of interstitial fluid and exacerbates the inflammation of the AT, thereby forming a vicious circle. The role of lymphangiogenesis in AT remodeling in obesity needs further research. Another promising area of research is the study of the role of intestinal LS in the development of obesity and related disorders. It has been shown that the transport of chylomicrons from the intestine depends on the expression of a number of molecular mediators (VEGF-C, DLL-4, neuropilin-1, VEGFR-1, CD36/FAT, etc.)in the endotheliocytes of the intestinal lymphatic vessels, as well as the functioning of «push-button» and “zippering” junctions between endothelial cells. New approach to the treatment of obesity based on blockade of lymphatic chylomicrontransport has been experimentally substantiated. Further identification of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that determine the remodeling of AT in lymphedema and obesity are likely to provide new approaches to the treatment of these diseases.
Evegenia I. Marova (90th anniversary)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2021

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Pedagogical residency and teacher training: critical appointments about training programmes as means of social policy
Authors: Sternberg Robert
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research is to analyze the Pedagogical Residence Program instituted by the Brazilian Federal Government as a social policy, in order to point out contributions and setbacks in relation to its implementation in Brazilian federal universities. By means of a bibliographic survey, it is qualitative approach reasearch and it uses the critical theoretical references based on the discussions of Nóvoa, Contreras, Marcelo Garcia, Mellouki and Gauthier to support the analysis related to the understanding of teacher education and public policy social programs. We use notes from Antonio Nóvoa (2009) to think about the creation of a teacher training program considering the contemporary challenges. Studies show the need to redefine the pedagogical residence program so that we can advance in favor of a larger project for teacher education in Brazil.
Representações sociais dos discentes deficientes auditivos na educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Bandeira Marconde Ávila , Portilho Rosiane , Miléo Irlanda Do Socorro de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Este estudo divulga a experiência vivenciada na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) sobre as representações sociais dos discentes deficientes auditivos e o processo de exclusão no município de Altamira, Pará. A fundamentação teórica se baseia nos estudos sobre as representações sociais; representação do mundo da criança de Piaget; fundamentos de defectologia da criança anormal de Vygotsky. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa. Observamos a exclusão vivenciada pelos sujeitos deficientes auditivos na unidade escolar. Contudo, no ensino noturno, os discentes se sentem desafiados a se desenvolverem intelectualmente. O encontro com a Língua Brasileira de Sinais representa uma possível ferramenta para o desenvolvimento social escolar na transformação social de sua realidade.
Implementation of cybersecurity risk analysis systems in Colombia
Authors: Corredor-Chavarro Felipe Andrés , Franco-Mora Diana Cristina , Izquierdo-Dussan Diego
Published: October 2021

Currently, organizations in all productive sectors, but mainly in government, financial services, banking, telecommunications and education, support their activities on information technologies, due to the fact that keeping business continuity is increasingly complex, as the rising threats on technologies and organizational processes, can materialize as security incidents according to the risk level and the opportune actions taken by the organization in this regard. In Colombia, risk management at corporate levels is usually achieved through standards such as NTC-ISO 27005 and NTC_ISO 31000, but worldwide the diversity of standards and criteria established for business schemes, policies, analysis and risks management, hinders the task of adopting them, due to the lack of a methodological process approach and the difficulty of having software technological alternatives to assist in this work. This article presents a review of security risk management in Colombia and the development case of a web-oriented system for risk analysis under these standards.
Electronic civil surveillance: review oriented to communications for monitoring and a case
Authors: Abril-Nieto Christian Stiven , Escobar-Díaz Andrés
Published: October 2021

This article, in the context of documentary research carried out and interpreted for that was taken as baseline in investigations on electronic security and their themes for the ORCA group, it´s describe the state of the art of electronic surveillance focused in communications for monitoring stations. It’s set up chronologically in the last decade, in Latin America, and Colombia particularly. The subject has been categorized and subcategorized in such a way that keys are established sources extraction: university digital repositories, online academic magazines and corporate web page. As a product produced by the review, a particular communication model is presented for a case of a monitoring center and a equipment for tracking people.
Diseño de máxima utilidad para cadenas de suministro: un caso de producción y distribución de bioplaguicidas
Authors: Moros Daza Adriana , Mendoza Crespo Henry William , Amaya Mier René , Ortiz Velasquez Mauricio
Published: October 2021

Contexto: Este artículo muestra el diseño de una cadena de suministro de una empresa que será ubicada en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Dicha empresa producirá dos bioplaguicidas que serán utilizados para combatir la bacteria Burkholderia glumae, causante de la enfermedad del añublo blanco de la panícula en cultivos de arroz, uno de origen vegetal, compuesto de extractos vegetales y otro de origen bacteriano, derivado de bacterias endófitas, ambos son agentes plaguicidas reconocidos de la enfermedad bacteriana de los cultivos.
Método: Se desarrolla una modelación de los parámetros precio y demanda, utilizando información obtenida de las bases de datos de las instituciones DANE, FiBL y Cotrisa. Luego, se usa programación lineal y entera mixta para decidir entre mercados alternativos que conforman una cadena de suministro internacional de máxima utilidad. Para cada bioplaguicida se consideraron trece escenarios sujetos a variación de precio, demanda y capacidad instalada.
Resultados: El bioplaguicida vegetal debería priorizarse para ser comercializado en Colombia y China, dado que en escenarios favorables la utilidad obtenida de tales mercados sobrepasa en 47% las de producto compuesto de bacterias endófitas. Solo en peores escenarios, las utilidades del bioplaguicida compuesto de bacterias endófitas superan en 11% a las del vegetal. Más allá de una mera decisión, los autores entregan una heurística casuística para tomar decisiones bajo incertidumbre.
Conclusiones: El proceso de toma de decisiones debe ser visto bajo un análisis prospectivo de los escenarios más probables y las apuestas más conservadoras o propensas al riesgo de los inversores del proyecto. Las contribuciones introducidas incluyen el uso de optimización lineal para maximizar utilidades en nuevos contextos de aplicación, tales como decisiones de inversión en cadenas de comercio exterior de nuevos productos bioplaguicidas, así como asociaciones de uso de tales modelos de optimización junto con pronósticos y regresiones para incrementar el alcance de los productos.
Stress among pediatric oncology staff. A systematic review
Authors: Zarenti Maria , Kressou Evangelia , Panagopoulou Zacharo , Bacopoulou Flora , Kokka Ioulia , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina
Published: October 2021

Cancer is considered one of the dominant life-threatening diseases in children. Working in the field of pediatric oncology, although rewarding, can be a source of stress and emotional burden for health care providers. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence regarding the occupational stress of health care providers working with pediatric cancer patients. Extensive search of the Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed to identify studies relevant to the topic. Initial search retrieved 657 studies. The reviewing investigators, after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, extracted data to critically appraise the quality of evidence. The final step of search concluded in 23 studies of heterogeneous design. Results revealed two main domains of which occupational stress derived from i) the interaction of the health care provider with the patient and the family, and ii) several organisational factors, such as hierarchical structures, experience, workload, and low organisational support. Literature on the stress of pediatric oncology staff is limited. The rather small sample sizes of the studies, the heterogeneity of methodological design, the lack of assessment from a sociological point of view, as well as the limited psychometric instruments adapted to pediatric oncology staff, make the validity of the results questionable. Further research is warranted to obtain a more accurate view of the field, to identify a cause-effect relation between work-related stress and pediatric oncology staff, and, more importantly, to guide future recommendations on support systems and stress management training within pediatric oncology settings.
Medicaid, Earnings, and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects: Evidence from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment
Authors: Tidemann Krieg
Published: October 2021

The Medicaid and labor supply empirical literature offers competing conclusions of zero effects and significant reductions in earnings. However, zero effects are only theoretically consistent with the earnings distribution’s extremes. Medicaid participants with positive pre-treatment labor supply should unequivocally decrease earnings. This paper clarifies the literature’s ambiguity by combining quantile regression with data from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment. The distributional impacts imply that zero effects are not universally representative of Medicaid households. The annual earnings impact of Medicaid participation ranges between increases of $1400 to deceases of $3120 for single adults. Pre-existing mental illness or health constraints on work account for counterintuitive positive earnings impacts. By demonstrating that sample compositional differences determine whether Medicaid’s labor supply impact is zero or negative, this paper offers a reconciliation to the range of existing estimates in the empirical literature.
Circularly polarized CPW fed MIMO/Diversity antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN applications
Authors: Kumar Anubhav , De Asok , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, circular polarized two-element and eight-element CPW fed MIMO/Diversity antenna with defected ground is presented. The dimension of the two-port antenna is 30 mm × 30 mm whereas the edge-to-edge gap between radiating elements is 5.65 mm. The |S11| in dB varies from 4.95 to 5.95 GHz with a gain up to 4.1 dB and efficiency is more than 90%. The isolation of two-element CPW antenna is more than 20 dB with open and diagonal stub in the ground whereas more than 18.7 dB for eight-element antenna without decoupling network. The circular and rectangular stub perturbs the surface current in the ground and is responsible for RHCP and LHCP in two-elements and eight-elements antenna where it covers the complete operating band. The acceptable ECC, TARC, DG, and CCL values of the antenna are determined which represents the diversity characteristics of the antenna. The Wi-Fi/WLAN applications can be fulfilled with the proposed two and eight-element antenna.
Changes in volatile organic compounds and lipid oxidation in traditional Chinese bacon during cold smoking
Authors: Li Xiang , Nie Qingyu , Liu Dan , Xu Yan
Published: October 2021

The smoking time of cold-smoked traditional Chinese bacon (TCB) in northeast Chongqing is not precisely controlled. In this study, the accumulation of, and changes in, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during smoking were investigated by gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Simultaneously, the lipid oxidation and sensory attributes of TCB were assessed. Thirty-nine VOCs were identified in samples, most of which were alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Samples smoked for 12 and 15 days contained characteristic VOCs, mainly comprising phenols, esters, and heterocyclic compounds, which produce the flavor of mature TCB. Odorous substances other than characteristic VOCs reached their maximum or sub-maximum on day 12, which was consistent with the sensory assessment results. The peroxide value of TCB increased continuously with smoking; while 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test (TBARS) values were at a lower level between days 9 and 12. Therefore, the recommended smoking time should be about 12 days.
Application of clustering algorithm in complex landscape farmland synthetic aperture radar image segmentation
Authors: Chen Zhuoran , Cong Biao , Hua Zhenxing , Cengiz Korhan , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: October 2021

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation field, regional algorithms have shown great potential for image segmentation. The SAR images have a multiplicity of complex texture, which are difficult to be divided as a whole. Existing algorithm may cause mixed super-pixels with different labels due to speckle noise. This study presents the technique based on organization evolution (OEA) algorithm to improve ISODATA in pixels. This approach effectively filters out the useless local information and successfully introduces the effective information. To verify the accuracy of OEA-ISO data algorithm, the segmentation effect of this algorithm is tested on SAR image and compared with other techniques. The results demonstrate that the OEA-ISO data algorithm is 10.16% more accurate than the WIPFCM algorithm, 23% more accurate than theK-means algorithm, and 27.14% more accurate than the fuzzyC-means algorithm in the light-colored farmland category. It can be seen that the OEA-ISO data algorithm introduces the pixel block strategy, which successfully reduces the noise interference in the image, and the effect is more obvious when the image background is complex.
Corona und Compliance
Authors: Hermann Dieter , Eberle Klaus , Hauck Nils-Lennart , Schäfer Peter , Schuhmacher Hans-Georg , Specht Christian , Weyl Volker
Published: October 2021

Als Reaktion auf die Corona-Pandemie haben verschiedene Institutionen auf der ganzen Welt Verhaltensregeln für die Bevölkerung zur Eindämmung der Pandemie implementiert. Allerdings werden diese Normen von einigen Personen verletzt. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, dieses Verhalten sowie die Akzeptanz der Corona-Schutzimpfung zu erklären. Grundlage ist eine im Juli und August 2020 durchgeführte repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragung in Mannheim. Die Ergebnisse der Studie können genutzt werden, um Maßnahmen zu konzipieren, die zur Bereitschaft beitragen, die Regeln zur Eindämmung der Pandemie zu befolgen und die Impfbereitschaft zu erhöhen.
Sympatho-adrenergic mechanisms in heart failure: new insights into pathophysiology
Authors: Du Xiaojun
Published: October 2021

The sympathetic nervous system is activated in the setting of heart failure (HF) to compensate for hemodynamic instability. However, acute sympathetic surge or sustained high neuronal firing rates activates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling contributing to myocardial remodeling, dysfunction and electrical instability. Thus, sympatho-βAR activation is regarded as a hallmark of HF and forms pathophysiological basis for β-blocking therapy. Building upon earlier research findings, studies conducted in the recent decades have significantly advanced our understanding on the sympatho-adrenergic mechanism in HF, which forms the focus of this article. This review notes recent research progress regarding the roles of cardiac β2AR or α1AR in the failing heart, significance of β1AR-autoantibodies, and βAR signaling through G-protein independent signaling pathways. Sympatho-βAR regulation of immune cells or fibroblasts is specifically discussed. On the neuronal aspects, knowledge is assembled on the remodeling of sympathetic nerves of the failing heart, regulation by presynaptic α2AR of NE release, and findings on device-based neuromodulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The review ends with highlighting areas where significant knowledge gaps exist but hold promise for new breakthroughs.
Forming mechanism and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir lap welds of 304 austenitic stainless steel to a Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Xie Huan , Chen Xiang , Lu Yongxin , Zhang Mina , Zhang Qian
Published: October 2021

A TC4 titanium alloy plate was lap joined to a 304 austenitic stainless steel plate via friction stir welding. The microstructures at the lap joint interface were intensively examined by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the mechanical properties of the lap joint were evaluated by a microhardness and shear tensile test. The results show swirling-like stir zones of TC4 and 304 SS are formed along the interface, where an aprox. 200 nm interface layer composed of TiFe and TiFe2 intermetallic compound is dispersed at the high rotating speed of the tool. In addition, the high hardness value is discontinuous distribution at the interface, and the shear strength of the commercially TC4 plate and 304 SS FSW lap joint can reach 7507 N at a rotational speed of 600 rpm, a welding speed of 30 mm/min, and a press amount of 0.4 mm.
Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of vertically aligned carbon nanotube materials
Authors: Huang Shan , Du Xianfeng , Ma Mingbo , Xiong Lilong
Published: October 2021

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) materials is a promising candidate in different fields. The intrinsic performance of VACNTs, such as a large specific surface area, high conductivity, and especially its vertical conductive channel, stands out the VACNT-based device from conventional carbon material-based devices in the energy, environmental sustainability, and so on. In this review, a comprehensive and in-depth summary on the synthesis method and fundamental mechanisms, and design strategies for the novel VACNT materials, is presented. In addition, an overview of the latest development in high-efficiency utilization of VACNT materials in representative fields, including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, terahertz spectroscopy, biology and biomedicine, and environmental sustainability, is given. Finally, the challenges and promising perspectives of VACNT materials in future development are outlined.
Mensch-KI-Teaming: Mensch und Künstliche Intelligenz in der Arbeitswelt von morgen
Authors: Kluge Annette , Ontrup Greta , Langholf Valentin , Wilkens Uta
Published: October 2021

Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Produktion und Fertigung wird die Arbeitswelt und die Fabrikfertigung verändern. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie die Arbeit mit KI im Interesse des Menschen gestaltet werden kann. Dafür werden verschiedene Perspektiven auf menschzentrierte KI vorgestellt. Nachfolgend wird das Modell SMART-er Arbeitsgestaltung eingeführt [37, 43]. Dieses dient als Heuristik, vor dessen Hintergrund Kriterien für die Entwicklung menschzentrierter hybrider Intelligenzen diskutiert werden. Abschließend werden fünf Gestaltungsschritte abgeleitet, die Unternehmen bei der menschzentrierten Gestaltung von Mensch-KI-Teams helfen können.
Predictive Maintenance – Voraussetzungen und Potenziale
Authors: Olivan Patrick , Hutschek Ulrich , Rummel Silvia
Published: October 2021

Bei Predictive Maintenance handelt es sich im Kern um die Kommerzialisierung von Condition Monitoring. Für Entscheider stellen sich dabei folgende Fragen: Welche Geschäftsmodelle lassen sich mit Predicitve Maintenance abbilden? Und mit welchen technologischen Prinzipien kann Condition Monitoring implementiert werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden relevante Technologien und Geschäftsmodelle ausgewertet und für mittelständische Unternehmen in Form von pragmatischen Richtlinien aufbereitet.
Developmental Regulation of Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Wen Wei , Turrigiano Gina G.
Published: October 2021

Homeostatic plasticity maintains network stability by adjusting excitation, inhibition, or the intrinsic excitability of neurons, but the developmental regulation and coordination of these distinct forms of homeostatic plasticity remains poorly understood. A major contributor to this information gap is the lack of a uniform paradigm for chronically manipulating activity at different developmental stages. To overcome this limitation, we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to directly suppress neuronal activity in layer2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary visual cortex of either sex at two important developmental timepoints: the classic visual system critical period [CP; postnatal day 24 (P24) to P29], and adulthood (P45 to P55). We show that 24 h of DREADD-mediated activity suppression simultaneously induces excitatory synaptic scaling up and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity in L2/3 pyramidal neurons during the CP, consistent with previous observations using prolonged visual deprivation. Importantly, manipulations known to block these forms of homeostatic plasticity when induced pharmacologically or via visual deprivation also prevented DREADD-induced homeostatic plasticity. We next used the same paradigm to suppress activity in adult animals. Surprisingly, while excitatory synaptic scaling persisted into adulthood, intrinsic homeostatic plasticity was completely absent. Finally, we found that homeostatic changes in quantal inhibitory input onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons were absent during the CP but were present in adults. Thus, the same population of neurons can express distinct sets of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms at different development stages. Our findings suggest that homeostatic forms of plasticity can be recruited in a modular manner according to the evolving needs of a developing neural circuit.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeveloping brain circuits are subject to dramatic changes in inputs that could destabilize activity if left uncompensated. This compensation is achieved through a set of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that provide slow, negative feedback adjustments to excitability. Given that circuits are subject to very different destabilizing forces during distinct developmental stages, the forms of homeostatic plasticity present in the network must be tuned to these evolving needs. Here we developed a method to induce comparable homeostatic compensation during distinct developmental windows and found that neurons in the juvenile and mature brain engage strikingly different forms of homeostatic plasticity. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms can be recruited in a modular manner according to the developmental needs of the circuit.
Effects of estradiol on fat in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomized trial
Authors: Russell Nicholas , Hoermann Rudolf , Cheung Ada S , Zajac Jeffrey D , Handelsman David J , Grossmann Mathis
Published: October 2021

Objective

Indirect evidence suggests that the effects of testosterone on fat mass in men are dependent on aromatization to estradiol (E2). However, no controlled study has assessed the effects of E2 in the absence of testosterone.

Design

Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with the hypothesis that men randomized to E2 would reduce their fat mass.

Methods

Seventy-eight participants receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer were randomized to 0.9 mg of 0.1% E2 gel per day, or matched placebo. Dual x-ray absorptiometry body composition was measured at baseline, month 3, and month 6. The primary outcome was total fat mass.

Results

Serum E2 increased in the estradiol group over 6 months compared to placebo, and mean-adjusted difference (MAD) was 207 pmol/L (95% CI: 123–292), P  < 0.001. E2 treatment changed total fat mass, MAD 1007 g (95% CI: 124–1891), but not significantly, so P = 0.09. There were other consistent non-significant trends toward increased proportional fat mass, MAD 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0–1.6), P= 0.15; gynoid fat, MAD 147 g (95% CI: 2–293), P = 0.08; visceral fat, 53 g (95% CI: 1–105) P = 0.13; and subcutaneous fat, MAD 65 g (95% CI: 5–125), P = 0.11. Android fat increased, MAD 164 g (95% CI: 41–286), P = 0.04.

Conclusion

Contrary to our hypothesis, we provide suggestive evidence that E2 acting in the absence of testosterone, may increase total and regional fat mass in men. Given the premature closure of clinical trials due to the COVID pandemic, this potentially important observation should encourage additional studies to confirm or refute whether E2 promotes fat expansion in the absence of testosterone.
GPER mediates the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway involved in VEGF expression in swine ovary GCs
Authors: Xiao Longfei , Wang Zihui , Lu Ning , He Yanan , Qiao Limin , Sheng Xihui , Qi Xiaolong , Xing Kai , Guo Yong , Chang Di , Wang Xiangguo , Zhao Junjin , Deng Xiaobin , Ni Hemin , Kang Jian
Published: October 2021

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis in ovaries, particularly during follicular development and ovulation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the major pro-inflammatory factors that are involved in the angiogenesis process physiologically and pathologically. Previous studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulates VEGF expression by upregulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in many cell types, and the high level of E2 causes an inflammatory-like microenvironment before ovulation. However, whether IL-6 signaling is involved in E2-regulating VEGF expression in swine granulosa cells (GCs) is still unknown. In this study, we found the estrogen membrane receptor, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), was expressed in swine GCs, and the expression level of GPER, HIF-1α, and VEGF increased with follicular development. In vitro study showed that E2, ICI182780, and GPER agonist (G1) promoted the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in swine GCs, while GPER antagonist (G15) inhibited the stimulating effect of E2 and G1. Meanwhile, G15 inhibited the stimulating effect of E2 and G1 on IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion. Furthermore, IL-6 antibody and AG490 (JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor) attenuated G1-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression. In conclusion, this study revealed how estrogen-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expressions in swine GCs are mediated through GPER-derived IL-6 secretion leading to JAK2/STAT3 activation.
Effects of Melatonin on Postoperative Delirium After PCI in Elderly Patients: A Randomized, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Shi Yicheng
Published: October 2021

Background: Experimental evidence has indicated the benefits of melatonin (Mel) for the treatment of delirium. Clinical trials had no definite conclusions concerning Mel on delirium after percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) in elderly patients. The present study explored whether acute Mel treatment could reduce the incidence of delirium.
Methods: This trial enrolled patients over the age of 60, who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after PCI. A computer-generated randomization sequence (in a 1:1 ratio) was used to randomly assign patients to receive Mel (3 mg/day) or placebo once daily for up to 7 days. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delirium, assessed twice daily with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) during the first 7 postoperative days. Analyses were performed using intention-to-treat and safety populations.
Results: A total of 297 patients randomly were assigned to receive either placebo (N = 149) or Mel (N = 148). The incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly lower in the Mel group than in the placebo group (27.0% vs. 39.6%, respectively, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between 30-day all-cause mortality (12.2% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.62) and drug reactions (0 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.25). The length of stay and hospitalization costs in the Mel group were significantly decreased compared with those in the placebo group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The current study suggests that Mel is safe and effective in the treatment of delirium after PCI. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the potential usefulness of Mel in older patients via larger randomized, multicenter, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials.
Methodological approaches to estimating the use of tax benefits and the practice of their application
Authors:   State Educational and Scientific Institution ", Alla Sokolovska ,   Academy of Financial Management"
Published: October 2021

Tax benefits, considering their consequences for the economy and the budget system, are the most controversial element of any tax. Therefore, policy decisions on the introduction of new, continued use or abolition of existing tax benefits should be based on reliable information about their expected or actual effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this article is to define methodological approaches to assessing the use of tax benefits as a prerequisite for improving the soundness of tax policy and effectiveness of public administration of the financial system. The article, based on the analysis of Western literature sources, considers methodological approaches to assessing the use of tax benefits in the context of their effectiveness (achievement of goals and fulfillment of the conditions for granting, impact on the behavior of economic agents and results of their activity), efficiency (comparison of benefits and costs) and relative efficiency (comparison of the effectiveness of tax benefits and other policy instruments), as well as evaluation methods and tools. The practical application of these methodological approaches is considered on the example of investment and innovation incentives for corporate income tax and VAT incentives (reduced tax rate on labor-intensive services). The author notes that the assessment of consequences of the introduction of tax benefits can be provided using methods of comparative analysis of the behavior of the beneficiary company before and after the introduction of the tax incentive; survey of the company's managers on how the tax benefit affected certain aspects of their behavior (investment decisions, implementation of R&D, employment and remuneration policies, etc.); and econometric analysis. According to the results of the study, it s concluded that ultimately the choice of an approach to assessing the application of tax benefits, as well as methods and tools of analysis is determined by the available information base in open sources and access to non-public information. In addition, the reliability of the results of evaluation of the application of tax benefits substantially depends on compliance with the requirements and procedures during their implementation, in particular, the definition of objectives and, if necessary, the conditions of their granting, as well as the quality and the completeness of accounting of the provided benefits. The latter, as well as the availability of the necessary information and its disclosure is one of the main problems in assessing the application of tax benefits in countries with transition economy.
How Old is Too Old? Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Older Patients
Authors: Vazquez-Sosa Carlos , Clegg Stacey D , Blankenship James C
Published: October 2021

Percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) reduces the risk of recurrent cryptogenic stroke specifically in younger patients. The three randomized controlled trials that led to the widespread adoption of PFO closure excluded patients over the age of 60 years. Older patients frequently have other cardiac and vascular conditions that are common risk factors for stroke, whereas paradoxical embolism through a PFO is relatively rare. Younger patients theoretically benefit the most from closure due to longer lifetime exposure risk and absence of other traditional risk factors. PFO in older patients with cryptogenic strokes is often encountered in clinical practice, making up an increasing number of cardiology referrals, yet cardiologists lack guidelines and evaluation tools for these patients. This review explores the history of PFO closure – emphasizing data in older adults – and discusses the evaluation and treatment of older people with cryptogenic stroke and PFO while further trials in this important population are awaited.