bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La révolution américaine dans les « guerres historiographiques » contemporaines aux États-Unis : quels défis pour l’historiographie conservatrice ?
Authors: Trautsch Jasper , Papa Pauline
Published: May 2017

Depuis que le Tea Party s’est approprié le nom du groupe de « Patriotes » ayant jeté des cargaisons de thé britannique dans le port de Boston en 1773 – se posant ainsi en défenseur de l’héritage révolutionnaire des États-Unis –, le débat autour du sens et de la portée de la révolution occupe une place centrale dans les « guerres historiographiques » aux États-Unis. En analysant les travaux de recherche et les interventions publiques de Gordon S. Wood – représentant traditionaliste dans l’actuelle « politisation de l’histoire » –, cet article a non seulement pour but d’identifier les points controversés de ce débat mais également d’exposer les problèmes auxquels se heurte l’historiographie conservatrice aux États-Unis. Dans un premier temps, nous exposerons les grandes lignes du récit historique de la révolution américaine que propose Wood. Puis, nous démontrerons que ses travaux de recherche, et plus particulièrement son apologie de la démocratie américaine, témoignent d’un élan nationaliste. Dans un troisième temps, nous contextualiserons sa trajectoire historique au sein des conflits historiographiques contemporains. Enfin, cet article expliquera pourquoi l’on ne peut pas qualifier la recherche de Wood de « conservatrice » en mettant en lumière les défis a priori insurmontables que pose une écriture conservatrice de l’histoire des États-Unis.
La démocratie et les élites
Authors: Gaxie Daniel
Published: May 2017

L’existence d’élites au sein de la société paraît contradictoire avec le fonctionnement d’un système politique démocratique qui suppose l’égalité des citoyens. Cette inquiétude conduit à interroger le phénomène élitiste d’un double point de vue : l’organisation des élites permet-elle leur ouverture et leur renouvellement ? Les élites sont-elles unies ou divisées entre elles et à l’intérieur de chacune d’elles ? Le renouvellement est à la fois favorisé et limité par un mode de reproduction à dominante scolaire. Les divisions entre les élites favorisent la représentation d’intérêts sociaux divers et structurent l’activité des démocraties représentatives.
L’anti-élitisme: une passion française?
Authors: Thiers Éric
Published: May 2017

L’anti-élitisme est-il une passion française ? L’histoire politique de notre pays est traversée par des courants qui ont régulièrement mis en cause ceux qui exerçaient le pouvoir en leur déniant toute légitimité pour ce faire. On peut identifier trois courants : réactionnaire, populiste, « démocratique-révolutionnaire ». Ce dernier courant fait peser depuis la Révolution française une suspicion permanente et profonde sur les élites. Face à cela, la République a tenté de concilier cette passion de l’égalité et la nécessité de distinguer une élite. Ce modèle « républicain-aristocratique », qui reposait sur la méritocratie, connaît aujourd’hui une crise qui imposerait une nuit du 4 Août des élites françaises.
Le temps long de la politique
Authors: Boelaert Julien , Michon Sébastien , Ollion Étienne
Published: May 2017

La politique professionnelle a mauvaise presse. Dans les médias, les mouvements sociaux et même au sein du champ politique, les élus de métier sont régulièrement dénoncés. L’article souligne la présence croissante parmi les députés français d’anciens membres d’entourages politiques. Mais il révèle surtout que c’est le nombre d’années passées en politique qui a augmenté, pour tous les élus. Et désormais, plus ce nombre est grand, plus on a de chances d’accéder aux responsabilités nationales.
Des expositions hors les murs : retour sur le projet Démineurs
Authors: Przybyl Sarah , Soupa Fred
Published: May 2017

À l’occasion du colloque célébrant les 30 ans du laboratoire Migrinter et parallèlement aux événements qui se déroulaient dans les locaux de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (MSHS) de Poitiers, plusieurs expositions en lien avec les migrations internationales ont été présentées. Parmi elles, deux expositions se sont installées dans le centre de la ville avec pour objectif de sortir des murs de l’Université et de diffuser ces contenus auprès d’un plus large public possible. Initiée par Fred Soupa (réalisateur, association La Colline) et Sarah Przybyl (géographe, laboratoire Migrinter), l’exposition Démineurs retrace la genèse d’un projet audiovisuel mené dans plusieurs lieux d’accueil spécialisés dans la prise en charge des mineurs isolés étrangers.
EZH2 Regulates the Developmental Timing of Effectors of the Pre–Antigen Receptor Checkpoints
Authors: Jacobsen Jennifer A. , Woodard Jennifer , Mandal Malay , Clark Marcus R. , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Sigvardsson Mikael , Kee Barbara L.
Published: May 2017

The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is required for B and T cell development; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this requirement remain elusive. In a murine model of lymphoid-specific EZH2 deficiency we found that EZH2 was required for proper development of adaptive, but not innate, lymphoid cells. In adaptive lymphoid cells EZH2 prevented the premature expression of Cdkn2a and the consequent stabilization of p53, an effector of the pre–Ag receptor checkpoints. Deletion of Cdkn2a in EZH2-deficient lymphocytes prevented p53 stabilization, extended lymphocyte survival, and restored differentiation resulting in the generation of mature B and T lymphocytes. Our results uncover a crucial role for EZH2 in adaptive lymphocytes to control the developmental timing of effectors of the pre–Ag receptor checkpoints.
Complement C5a Functions as a Master Switch for the pH Balance in Neutrophils Exerting Fundamental Immunometabolic Effects
Authors: Denk Stephanie , Neher Miriam D. , Messerer David A. C. , Wiegner Rebecca , Nilsson Bo , Rittirsch Daniel , Nilsson-Ekdahl Kristina , Weckbach Sebastian , Ignatius Anita , Kalbitz Miriam , Gebhard Florian , Weiss Manfred E. , Vogt Josef , Radermacher Peter , Köhl Jörg , Lambris John D. , Huber-Lang Markus S.
Published: May 2017

During sepsis, excessive activation of the complement system with generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a results in profound disturbances in crucial neutrophil functions. Moreover, because neutrophil activity is highly dependent on intracellular pH (pHi), we propose a direct mechanistic link between complement activation and neutrophil pHi. In this article, we demonstrate that in vitro exposure of human neutrophils to C5a significantly increased pHi by selective activation of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger. Upstream signaling of C5a-mediated intracellular alkalinization was dependent on C5aR1, intracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and calmodulin, and downstream signaling regulated the release of antibacterial myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin. Notably, the pH shift caused by C5a increased the glucose uptake and activated glycolytic flux in neutrophils, resulting in a significant release of lactate. Furthermore, C5a induced acidification of the extracellular micromilieu. In experimental murine sepsis, pHi of blood neutrophils was analogously alkalinized, which could be normalized by C5aR1 inhibition. In the clinical setting of sepsis, neutrophils from patients with septic shock likewise exhibited a significantly increased pHi. These data suggest a novel role for the anaphylatoxin C5a as a master switch of the delicate pHi balance in neutrophils resulting in profound inflammatory and metabolic changes that contribute to hyperlactatemia during sepsis.
Structural fire performance of restrained composite columns made of concrete-filled square and circular hollow sections
Authors: Rodrigues João Paulo C. , Laím Luís , Craveiro Helder D.
Published: May 2017

Most of the previous studies on concretefilled steel hollow section columns at high temperatures addressed the effect of depth-tothickness ratio, column slenderness, initial applied load level, load eccentricity, and local buckling of concrete-filled steel tubes on the fire resistance of these columns. For this reason, it important and required to study the influence of the axial and rotational restraint on the buckling behavior of these types of columns subjected to fire. The results of a series of fire resistance tests on these types of columns inserted in a steel frame are presented and discussed in this paper. The primary test parameters taken into account were column slenderness, type of section geometry, and axial and rotational restraint level imposed by a surrounding steel frame to the columns. The specimens were then uniformly exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire curve, and the critical time (fire resistance), failure temperature distribution and respective failure modes were assessed. Finally, the results of this research study showed most of all that the fire resistance of identical semi-rigid ended columns may be not significantly affected by the stiffness of the surrounding structure but, on the contrary, their post-buckling behavior may be affected.
Load carrying capacity of partially encased columns for different fire ratings
Authors: Fellouh Abdelkadir , Benlakehal Nourredine , Piloto Paulo , Ramos Ana , Mesquita Luís
Published: May 2017

Partially encased columns have significant fire resistance in comparison with steel bare columns. However, it is not possible to assess the fire resistance of such members simply by considering the temperature of the steel. The presence of concrete increases the mass and thermal inertia of the member and the variation of temperature within the cross section, in both the steel and concrete components. The annex G of EN1994-1-2:20051 allows to calculate the load carrying capacity of partially encased columns, for a specific fire rating time, considering the balanced summation model. New formulas will be proposed to calculate the plastic resistance to axial compression and the effective flexural stiffness. These two parameters are used to determine the buckling resistance. The finite element method is used to compare the results for the elastic critical load and the load carrying capacity of partially encased columns for different fire ratings of 30 and 60 min. This work compares the results from both solution methods, provides the validation of the three-dimensional model and demonstrates that a new design curve should be used for the buckling analysis of partially encased columns.
Chronic cerebro-spinal insufficiency in multiple sclerosis and meniere disease: same background, different patterns?
Authors: Bavera Pietro Maria , Di Berardino Federica , Cecconi Piero , Mendozzi Laura , Mattei Valentina , Alpini Dario Carlo
Published: May 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelinating lesions with acute phases and progressive loss of sensorimotor functions. Mèniére disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by acute spells of vertigo and hearing loss and progressive loss of cochleo-vestibular function. Both the diseases have a multifactorial pathogenesis and quite the same chronic cerebro-spinal insufficiency (CCSVI) frequency. However, as far as Author’s knowledge concerns, no patients affected with both diseases are described so far. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether MS and MD present different CCSVI patterns. Three groups of patients were enrolled: 60 definite MS - 27 definite unilateral MD (MEN) - 41 with other no-Mèniére, audiovestibular disorders (OVD). All subjects underwent magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and venous Duplex (ECD) and only patients that satisfied both MRV and ECD CCSVI diagnostic criteria were considered. J1 was normal in 57% of MS, 88% of MEN and 95% of OVD. Stenosis (ST) were detected, respectively, in 30% of MS and 2% in MEN and OVD. J2 was normal in 78% of MS, 64% of MEN and 95% of OVD. At this level alterations of the trunk (AT) were detected in 17% in MS and 26% in MEN; J3 was normal in 74% of MS, 64% of MEN and 86% of OVD. AT were found in 15% of MS, 26% of MEN and 8% of OVD. Hyperplasia of the Vertebral Veins was observed in 35% of MS, 40% of MEN and in 15% of OVD. Other compensatory collaterals were detected in 25% in MS and only in 5% in MEN and OVD. Our results indicate that the MS pattern is characterized by J1 stenosis, J2 trunk alterations, a prevalence of J1-J2 medial-distal alterations, compensatory collaterals besides vertebral venous system. MD pattern is characterized by trunk alteration in J3, a prevalence of J3- J2 medial-proximal alterations and vertebral veins hyperplasia without other detectable collaterals. Although the group of patients with venous alterations is very small, OVD patients show a CCSVI pattern that is more similar to MD than MS pattern. The difference between MS and MD patterns indicates that CCSVI is not a unique entity and it could be an explanation of the fact that subjects affected with both the diseases are not reported.
Mass balance of ice caps in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Canada: 2014-2015
Authors: Burgess D O
Published: May 2017

In-situ glacier mass balance surveys were conducted by Natural Resources Canada in April/May 2016 across the Devon, Meighen, South Melville, and Agassiz Ice Caps, Queen Elizabeth Islands. Survey results indicate significantly negative values over all ice caps in
the 2014-2015 mass balance year with Meighen and Melville Ice Caps experiencing the fourth most negative mass balance year on record thinning by -115 and -89 cm respectively while the Devon Ice Cap, which thinned by -39 cm, experienced the sixth most negative year on record. After the relatively
cool summers of 2013 and 2014, extremely negative mass balance values for 2014-2015 are more consistent with the post-2005 trend during which melt rates of high Arctic glaciers have been 3-5 times more negative than the long-term (1960-2013) average. The climatic net mass balance measurements from
the Agassiz and Devon (NW) Ice Caps indicated an increase of the Equilibrium Line Altitude by 300 m and 400 m respectively relative to the long-term means. Associated water equivalent mass loss of 0.68, 0.052, and 0.053 Gt for the Devon (NW), Meighen, and South Melville Ice Caps respectively
indicate a net positive contribution to global sea-level rise from these three sites for the 2014-2015 balance year.
On a Class of Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations Containing Gradient Terms on Compact Hermitian Manifolds
Authors: Yuan Rirong
Published: May 2017

In this paper we study a class of second order fully nonlinear elliptic equations containing gradient terms on compact Hermitian manifolds and obtain a priori estimates under proper assumptions close to optimal. The analysis developed here should be useful to deal with other Hessian equations containing gradient terms in other contexts.
Gestión de Comunicación Corporativa: consideraciones para el abordaje de su estudio y práctica
Authors: Apolo Buenaño Diego , Baez Erazo Valerie Gessey , Pauker Teneda Lizeth , Pasquel Racines Gabriela
Published: May 2017

Este artículo busca presentar una aproximación hacia la definición, identificación de categorías, componentes y elementos que permitan aproximarse al estudio y práctica de la Gestión de Comunicación Corporativa como eje estratégico para la consecución de objetivos. Método. Como método se empleó la revisión bibliográfica, con el fin de identificar los aportes de diferentes autores, referentes en el área de la Comunicación Corporativa. Resultados. Se ha podido observar que los diferentes aportes desde diferentes disciplinas han generado un vaciamiento de sentido dejándolo abierto hacia una comprensión subjetiva de su reflexión teórica y aplicación práctica. Conclusión. En tal sentido, la relevancia de este documento radica en reflexionar en base al análisis y relación de los aportes expuestos, para así brindar una propuesta de definición que permita su gestión para académicos, profesionales y estudiantes interesados en tema.
CLARA-A2: the second edition of the CM SAF cloud and radiation data record from 34 years of global AVHRR data
Authors: Karlsson Karl-Göran , Anttila Kati , Trentmann Jörg , Stengel Martin , Fokke Meirink Jan , Devasthale Abhay , Hanschmann Timo , Kothe Steffen , Jääskeläinen Emmihenna , Sedlar Joseph , Benas Nikos , van Zadelhoff Gerd-Jan , Schlundt Cornelia , Stein Diana , Finkensieper Stefan , Håkansson Nina , Hollmann Rainer
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The second edition of the satellite-derived climate data record CLARA (The CM SAF Cloud, Albedo And Surface Radiation dataset from AVHRR data – second edition denoted as CLARA-A2) is described. The data record covers the 34-year period from 1982 until 2015 and consists of cloud, surface albedo and surface radiation budget products derived from the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) sensor carried by polar-orbiting, operational meteorological satellites. The data record is produced by the EUMETSAT Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF) project as part of the operational ground segment. Its upgraded content and methodology improvements since edition 1 are described in detail, as are some major validation results. Some of the main improvements to the data record come from a major effort in cleaning and homogenizing the basic AVHRR level-1 radiance record and a systematic use of CALIPSO-CALIOP cloud information for development and validation purposes. Examples of applications studying decadal changes in Arctic summer surface albedo and cloud conditions are provided.
Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine particulate matter and public health
Authors: Pozzer Andrea , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Karydis Vlassis A. , de Meij Alexander , Lelieveld Jos
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A global chemistry-climate model has been used to study the impacts of pollutants released by agriculture on fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with a focus on Europe, North America and East Asia. Simulations reveal that a relatively strong reduction in PM2.5 levels can be achieved by decreasing agricultural emissions, notably of ammonia (NH3), released from fertilizer use and animal husbandry. The absolute impact on PM2.5 reduction is strongest in East Asia, even for small emission decreases. Conversely, over Europe and North America, aerosol formation is not directly limited by the availability of ammonia. Nevertheless, reduction of NH3 can also substantially decrease PM2.5 concentrations over the latter regions, especially when emissions are abated systematically. Our results document how reduction of agricultural emissions decreases aerosol pH due to the depletion of aerosol ammonium, which affects particle liquid phase and heterogeneous chemistry. Further, it is shown that a 50 % reduction of agricultural emissions could prevent the mortality attributable to air pollution by ~ 250 thousands people per year worldwide, amounting to reductions of 30 %, 19 % and 8 % over North America, Europe and East Asia, respectively. A theoretical 100 % reduction could even reduce the number of deaths globally by about 800 thousand per year.
Rapidly-changing subglacial hydrology pathways at a tidewater glacier revealed through simultaneous observations of water pressure, supraglacial lakes, meltwater plumes and surface velocities
Authors: How Penelope , Benn Douglas I. , Hulton Nicholas R. J. , Hubbard Bryn , Luckman Adrian , Sevestre Heïdi , van Pelt Ward J. J. , Lindbäck Katrin , Kohler Jack , Boot Wim
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Subglacial hydrological processes at tidewater glaciers remain poorly understood due to the difficulty in obtaining direct measurements and lack of empirical verification for modelling approaches. Here, we investigate the subglacial hydrology of Kronebreen, a fast-flowing tidewater glacier in Svalbard during the 2014 melt season. We combine observations of water pressure, supraglacial lake drainage, surface velocities and plume activity with modelled runoff and water routing to develop a conceptual model that thoroughly encapsulates subglacial drainage at a tidewater glacier. Simultaneous measurements suggest that an early-season episode of subglacial flushing took place during our observation period, and a stable efficient drainage system effectively transported this water through the north region of the glacier tongue. Drainage pathways through the central/southern region of the glacier tongue were disrupted throughout the following melt season. Periodic plume activity at the terminus seems to be a signal for modulated subglacial pulsing i.e. an internally-driven storage and release of subglacial meltwater. This storage is a key control on ice flow in the 2014 melt season. Evidence from this work, and previous studies, strongly suggests that long-term changes in ice flow at Kronebreen are controlled by the location of efficient/inefficient drainage and the position of regions where water is stored and evacuated from.
Mezzanine Capital as A Tool to Increase Enterprise Value in Crisis
Authors: Dec Pawel , Masiukiewicz Piotr
Published: May 2017

The paper contains an analysis of enterprise financing through mezzanine capital. It is a unique source of relatively capital, especially in the context of finding a company in crisis, and the lack of acquisition of other capital from all available sources of external financing. Crucial from the point of view of the authors of the article seems to be correct to define and theoretical mezzanine capital, because it directs not only the use but also the assessment of efficiency. In addition, synthetically it presents quantitative data on the practical application of mezzanine capital. It shows the main advantages and disadvantages of using this type of financing business activity, not forgetting, however, that this issue requires a very thorough and intensive research is in practice.
BSN graduates’ preferred learning styles: implications for student-centered learning
Authors: Bruce Judith C. , Chilemba Evelyn B.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the learning styles that nursing graduates employed during the course of their BSN programme.Methods: Within a sequential, explanatory mixed methods design a survey was administered to determine graduates’ learning styles. From a population of 384 graduates, a sample of 200 agreed to participate. Data were collected using the Grasha-Riechmann Learning Styles Scales. MS Excel was used to enter the learning styles scores; descriptive statistics were computed using the statistical package SPSS Version 16.0.Results: The most dominant and preferred learning styles are Competitive learning style (x̄ = 3.98; SD = 0.52) and Avoidant learning style (x̄ = 3.88; SD = 0.68). Both are teacher-centered learning styles that do not promote learner independence, confidence, critical thinking and active learning. The least preferred is the Independent Learning Style (x̄ = 2.84; SD = 0.80). Implications for student-centered learning are inferred from the results.Conclusions: Graduates’ preference for the Competitive and Avoidant learning styles reflects an alignment with a teacher-centered paradigm and lack of diversity in use of learning styles during their study. The preferred learning styles detract from student-centered learning and point to an approach to teaching that integrates Socratic and facilitative methods to promote diversity of learning styles. As the educational paradigm shifts towards student-centered learning there is mounting pressure on educators to have better understanding on students’ preferred learning styles and adopt variety of pedagogical strategies to optimize ways students learn.
The Impact of Cross-Cultural Background Knowledge upon Iranian EFL Students’ Productive Skills
Authors: Jamasbi Fatemeh , Bagheri Mohammad Sadegh
Published: May 2017

Teaching culture has been considered important in foreign language instruction for almost a century. In this study theliterature behind Cultural Schema Theory was reviewed and the practicality of applying this theory into the EFLclassroom and its effect on the EFL students’ productive skills (writing and speaking) were observed. This studyincludes two phases. First, a learning phase in which the treatment group was exposed to a variety of materials ofdifferent cultural issues. Second, a test phase in which a pre and post-test of speaking and writing were given to bothcontrol and experimental groups to determine any differences in their writing and speaking performance. And at theend of the treatment a semi-structured interview was used to know the experimental group’s opinion about differentcultural issues that were discussed during the term in their EFL class. The data was subjected to the statisticalprocedure of t-test and the results of this study indicated that not only all the students of experimental groupoutperformed the students of control group in their speaking and writing performance but also according to thesemi-structure interview the students of experimental group had a positive reaction towards the integration of cultureinto the classroom context. The results showed that L2 learners may need to understand different aspects of the targetculture better in order not only to speak and write accurately but also to interpret appropriately what they hear and tointeract effectively with members of the target culture.
Research on Kinetic Waves and Applications
Authors: Rota Luciano
Published: May 2017

The duality waves/particle and the dynamic of propagation of electromagnetic emanations suggest the existence of a natural kind of waves, which differently from de classic ones, are originating by kinetic thrust and propagating, also though vacuum, by inertial force. The model taken into consideration, to which has been given the name of “kinetic waves” is, like the classic one, a concretely existing natural phenomenon which can also be visually perceived if produced on molecular scale. Results suggest, by giving consistent mathematical proof, that kinetic waves offer many more points of similarity, in dynamic and behavior, than the classic ones, which were taken, since the discovery of electromagnetic waves, as basic model.Applying the obtained results relatively to this model, to the astrophysical red-shift, taking as example the quasar 3C-273 and the recently found, most far galaxy GN-z11, we could find a mathematical sustainable and logic answer about still unsolved problems with regard to the origin and the dynamic of the universe.In the appendix, a suggested and accurately described experiment on base of Radar Astronomy to possibly confirm the validity of this model.
The Determination of Sugars in Dairy Products: Development of a New Standard Method for the International Dairy Federation and the Internal Organization for Standardization
Authors: Sanders Peter , Ernste-Nota Veronica , Visser Klaas , van Soest Jeroen , Brunt Kommer
Published: May 2017

A method using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with a pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) for the determination of mono- and disaccharides is described. The method was accepted by theInternational Dairy Federation and the Internal Organization for Standardization as a new work item for the determination of sugars in dairy matrixes, and the Milk and Milk Products technical committee of ISO/TC 34/SC 5 accepted the topic “Milk and milkproducts – Determination of the sugar contents – High-performance anion-exchange chromatographic method (HPAEC–PAD)” as a new work item. The proposed method consists of an aqueous ethanol extraction of the sugars in the dairy sample, followed by clarification with Carrez I and II reagents. The clarified filtrate is diluted and then directly introduced in the HPAEC–PAD system forquantification of the sugars. A single-laboratory validation of the proposed method has been scheduled for spring 2017.
Current Assays to Determine Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Serum
Authors: Malmstroem Sofie , Rejnmark Lars , Imboden John B , Shoback Dolores M , Bikle Daniel D
Published: May 2017

The 25-hydroxylated metabolite of vitamin D is the best clinical indicator of vitamin D status. For many years, emphasis has been on measuring total levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], but recently, interest in measuring free 25(OH)D as a potentially better marker of vitamin D status has arisen. Since the 1980s when the first measurements of free 25(OH)Dwere made, little progress has been made in the development of rapid, reliable methods to determine the levels of free 25(OH)D. For many years, assessment of free 25(OH)D relied on calculations using levels of total 25(OH)D, albumin, and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), for which many assays exist. However, because of vagaries in the measurement of VDBP in particular and the assumption of a constant affinity of VDBP for the vitamin D metabolites (which has been shown to be problematic), calculated values have proved suspect. This changed a few years ago when a new immunoassay was developed to measure free 25(OH)D directly. This review examines methods for determiningfree 25(OH)D, the different methods used in clinicalstudies, and the relationships between free 25(OH)D and other vitamin D metabolites and the physiologic functions affected by vitamin D metabolites, such asbone cell activity and turnover. The review also comments on the value of assessing free 25(OH)D and theefforts to standardize the assays.
EM BUSCA DOS SENTIDOS DA EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A TENDÊNCIA TECNICISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS NO BRASIL NA HISTÓRIA RECENTE
Authors: Araújo Adálcio Carvalho de
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho reflete sobre os sentidos que a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) tem tomado – ou mantido – no contexto socioeconômico da última década do século XX a meados da segunda década do século XXI. Por meio da revisão bibliográfica de autores que discutem a temática, apresenta discussões dos marcos legais e de alguns programas governamentais para a modalidade de ensino, procurando entender como o sistema econômico vigente (capitalismo neoliberal) influenciou e influencia o modelo educacional proposto e oferecido à EJA. Retoma alguns dos posicionamentos freireanos sobre a Educação de Adultos, como sua crítica à educação meramente tecnicista, destacando a prática educativa promotora de mudanças, capaz de dialogar e suscitar novos modelos de agir e interagir na sociedade.

 

ABSTRACT

This paper reflects on the ways that the Education of Young People and Adults (EYPA) has been taking – or keeping – in a socio-economical context from the last decade of the 20th century to the early 21st century. By means of a literature review, this paper discusses legal frameworks and governments programs for this type of education seeking to understand how the current economic system (neoliberal capitalism) has had and still has an affect on the EYPA’s proposed model of education. It also retraces some of Freire’s inferences about the Education of Adults, such as the criticism to the merely technical education; highlighting the education as a promoter of changes which interacts and constructs new manners of thinking and relating to society.

Keywords: Senses of Education. Redemocratization. Neoliberal capitalism. Education of Young People and Adults. EYPA’s technical trends.
A SALA DE AULA DE CIÊNCIAS: UMA PESQUISA SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS CURRICULARES EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Roriz Edna Gomes , Vilela Rita Amélia Teixeira
Published: May 2017

A pesquisa, na qual se baseia o presente texto, tem como objeto o estudo da sala de aula como espaço concreto de realização da educação escolar. A investigação busca reconstruir, de forma analítica, o processo pedagógico materializado pelo currículo e explicar como a dinâmica de entrelaçamento desses elementos se apresenta na escola. As questões de currículo sempre foram preocupações centrais da tradição crítica, pois exercem importante papel de, na relação educativa, estabelecer ligações entre saber, poder e identidade. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa é denominada Hermenêutica Objetiva, tendo sido criada e desenvolvida pelo sociólogo alemão Ulrich Oevermann. Sua importância reside na possibilidade de, ao utilizála, reconstruir os sentidos dos elementos concretos do espaço “sala de aula”. Essa metodologia está apoiada sobre os princípios da dialética negativa de Theodor Adorno, da hermenêutica sociológica e da sociologia estruturalista. Ao possibilitar que se confronte o aparente com o real, surgem as estruturas que dão sentido às práticas sociais. Assim, é possível identificar os desafios que surgem no processo educacional, para que mudanças, para melhoria desse processo, possam ser implantadas.
A ESCOLA EM TEMPO INTEGRAL E O CURRÍCULO: EM BUSCA DO INÉDITO E VIÁVEL
Authors: Zanardi Teodoro Adriano Costa
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo é resultado preliminar de uma pesquisa em curso orientada para a construção de uma proposta curricular, fundada na dialogicidade freireana, para Escola em Tempo Integral. Com a compreensão de que o currículo se traduz no que-fazer na escola, tomamos a categoria inédito-viável como a realização do sonho possível, que é a construção coletiva do currículo como fundamento de nossa práxis. A partir da observação e investigação de documentos da escola-parceira e da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Minas Gerais sobre o projeto curricular das escolas participantes do Projeto Educação em Tempo Integral (PROETI), o grupo envolvido na pesquisa realizou entrevistas e círculos epistemológicos, com o objetivo de construir uma proposta curricular democrática. Sobre bases freireanas, a pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e como fundamento metodológico a pesquisa-ação, dado que o objetivo é organizar uma intervenção com educadores(as) e educandos(as) no que-fazer no tempo integral.

 

ABRSTRACT

The present article is the preliminary result of an ongoing research, oriented to the construction of a curricular proposal for full-time education that has Paulo Freire's dialogical perspective as foundation. Providing that the curriculum makes for the todos at school, we take the Unknown Viable category as the fulfillment of a possible dream, which is the collective construction of the curriculum as our praxis’ basis. By observing and investigating documents from the partner school and Minas Gerais’ Secretariat of Education (SEE-MG), about the curricular project of schools taking part in the Full-Time Education Program (PROETI), the group involved in the research carried out interviews and epistemological circles, with the objective of constructing a democratic curricular proposal. About its Freire foundations, the research is qualitative and follows the research-action methodology, given that the purpose is to organize an intervention with educators and learners at the todos in the full-time period.

Keywords: Full-time education; Curriculum; Paulo Freire.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS AULAS PRÁTICAS DE CIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Bartzik Franciele , Zander Leiza Daniele
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a importância das aulas práticas de Ciências desenvolvidas no ensino fundamental como uma metodologia que auxilie no processo de aprendizagem do aluno. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa com 97 estudantes do sexto ao nono ano, em um colégio particular da cidade de Cascavel, Paraná. A pesquisa consistiu na aplicação e no levantamento de dados a partir de questionários com os quais se pôde observar o interesse dos alunos no que se refere à relevância das aulas práticas para atingir o seu melhor aprendizado. Nesse contexto, dentre as atividades que podemos considerar como práticas, vale citar: a experimentação, aula de laboratório, a manipulação de materiais, o estudo do meio, as pesquisas, a aula em campo, entre outras que são exemplos essenciais para o ensino de Ciências e fazem diferença no estímulo de raciocínio do aluno, possibilitando que ele se torne construtor do seu conhecimento. Quanto maior o envolvimento do estudante, melhor o seu aprendizado, pois ele aprende a tirar suas próprias conclusões, favorecendo pensamentos e atitudes entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. O ensino por meio de atividades empíricas é uma necessidade para a melhor assimilação de conteúdos teóricos, entretanto, para que essa abordagem metodológica seja proveitosa, é preciso que o professor a situe adequadamente no processo de aprendizagem e saiba estabelecer a ponte entre a teoria e a prática.

 
Free Dry Vibration of Low-Aspect-Ratio Cantilever Wing: SemiAnalytical and Numerical Analysis With Experimental Verification
Authors: Datta Nabanita , Kannamwar Ameya N. , Verma Yogesh , Panda Anshuman
Published: May 2017

The free vibration of a low-aspect cantilever wing is studied by semianalytical, numerical, and experimental means. The wing is modeled as a two-way tapered, hollow Kirchhoff's plate, with the chord-wise section as symmetrical NACA0018 aerofoil. The chord length and the thickness taper from root to tip, over the span. The semianalytical approach is based on Galerkin's method, which includes the modal superposition of two orthogonal beam modeshapes (free-free beam in chord-wise direction and cantilever beam in span-wise direction). The free vibration is also studied numerically using ANSYS. The results have been compared with an experimental study, performing the dry impact hammer test. A model scale wing has been constructed from a 3-mm-thick metal sheet, with a length-scale ratio of 1:10. Comparative studies have been done among the three methods. The feasibility of modeling a low-aspect-ratio wing as a plate has been investigated.

1. Introduction

Lifting surfaces commonly occur in engineering structures: fans, steam and gas turbine blades, impeller blades, wind turbine blades, helicopter fans, airplane wings, marine propeller blades, marine rudders and skegs, and other control surfaces like hydrofoils and wings in high-speed marine crafts. The lifting surface is typically a cantilever, with one edge welded to the main structure (root), and the other end free (tip). The span-wise geometry is tapered, for greater strength at the root and lighter weight at the tip. The chord-wise cross section is an aerofoil, which acts as a lifting surface to the incoming flow at varying angles of attack. The aspect ratio of the lifting surface, i.e., the ratio of the span length to the mean chord length, may vary from 0.4 to 0.6 in a turbine blade to 12 to 15 in an airplane wing/wind turbine. This work focuses on a low-aspect-ratio lifting surface, whose usual span-to-chord ratio is 1.5–2.
The concept of behavioural needs in contemporary fur science: do we know what American mink (Mustela vison) really need?
Authors: Kornum AL , Röcklinsberg H , Gjerris M
Published: May 2017

This paper discusses the ethical implications of applying the concept of behavioural needs to captive animals. This is done on the basis of analysing the scientific literature on farmed mink and their possible need for swimming. In the wild, American mink (Mustela vison) are semi-aquatic predators, lending initial support to the claim that captive mink with no access to adequate swimming facilities experience a thwarted behavioural need. Scientific studies show a disparate picture. Consumer-demand experiments, where the animals have been conditioned to work for environmental resources, consistently show that mink place high value on swimming water, whereas other studies indicate the opposite, which has led scientists to question whether this preference constitutes a genuine behavioural need. In this paper, we take a methodological turn and discuss whether the oft-used concept of behavioural needs provides the best possible account of what is indispensable to an animal. Seen from a more complex understanding of behavioural needs, we suggest that lack of swimming opportunities for farmed mink constitutes a welfare problem. Further, it is argued that the decision of which paradigm to use in research on animal needs has not only ethical consequences, but is in itself a value-based choice.
A meta-analysis on the effects of the housing environment on the behaviour, mortality, and performance of growing rabbits
Authors: Sommerville R , Ruiz R , Averós X
Published: May 2017

Although the number of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) produced in Europe is important, they are under-represented in welfare research. Studies on the effects of housing conditions have focused on performance and mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis to further understand the impact of the housing environment on growing rabbits. Whilst providing a robust quantifiable review, meta-analyses are restricted to existing literature. We included information on behaviour, mortality and performance. Twenty-seven peer-reviewed and conference publications, with a total of 99 experimental treatments, were used. We collected information about rabbit age, bodyweight, sex and breed; allometric space allowance, pen height, group size, environmental temperature, floor type, substrate and enrichment use, lighting, diet and medicated feed. Predictive equations for each response variable were calculated using multiple regression models. Higher space allowance was found to increase locomotor and social activity, and to reduce resting and comfort behaviour. Restricted pen height increased ingestive behaviour; comfort behaviours decreased as space allowance increased, although these might have been confounded with self-directed behaviours in literature. Mortality remained stable at varying space allowances, but increased with larger group sizes and enrichment objects. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were reduced with higher space allowances and larger group sizes, and by provision of substrate and enrichment objects. Findings suggest that higher space allowance and unrestricted pen height are beneficial for rabbit behaviour, but might have undesired consequences if considered independent from other aspects. The challenge of promoting welfare in commercial conditions was highlighted, as a number of parameters which improved behavioural expression reduced performance. In certain cases welfare inputs complemented performance, including providing non-medicated feed and higher space allowance in cooler climates. Although our results should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the included variables, they are expected to contribute to the improvement of current and new rabbit housing systems to optimise welfare.
Presentation: On the studies about the Russian Revolution of 1917 conducted in Latin America
Authors: Silva Renán
Published: May 2017

The fundamental idea developed within this paper —the result of a thorough study of the recent bibliography on the relationships between the Komintern and Latin America— is that there exist new conditions, following the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), in an attempt to approach, upon less passionate and less compromised bases, from the standpoint of the political parties, the history relevant to analyze the political cultures in Latin America during the XX Century.
La Revolución Rusa de 1917: dilemas e interpretación
Authors: Fazio Vengoa Hugo
Published: May 2017

Following a brief review of the main themes in the historiography of the October Revolution of 1917, the article proposes a historical-social approach to the that historic event. For this purpose, it describes the four great social mobilizations that prepared the way for the revolution in October and highlights both the conjunctural convergence and the fundamental differences between these mobilizations and the political revolutionism represented by the Bolshevik Party, a divergence that catalyzed much of Russian/Soviet development up until 1991.
La Internacional Comunista y los comienzos del Secretariado Sudamericano a través de la sistematización regional del proceso de bolchevización
Authors: Piemonte Víctor Augusto
Published: May 2017

The South American Secretariat (SAS) of the Communist Internationa (CI) was created in early 1925 for the purpose of reinforcing the ties between the workers and farmers movements of South America and Moscow. Despite its great relevance for the development of communism in the region, no specific studies were done on the SAS as the central subject of analysis. This article argues that even though the Communist International always sought to exert a marked influence on the Secretariat, the parties in South America were proud of their relative independence from Moscow and forged a competitive relationship with agents sent by the CI. The analytical reconstruction of the theoretical-practical terms in which they received the order to Bolshevize the SAS Communist parties helps to explain this complex situation.
¿Cuántos somos? Una historia de los censos civiles y de la organización estadística en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Estrada Orrego Victoria
Published: May 2017

This article studies the process of the configuration of census statistics in the first half of the 20th century in Colombia. It indicates the singularities of the production and uses of these figures, and describes the problems that the Colombian state faced in producing scientifically reliable demographic statistics, as an imperative of modernity. Analysis of the documentation showed that the censuses of 1905, 1912 and 1918 aimed mainly to quantify the male population who had the right to vote and were fit for military service. It also showed the administrative weakness of the official statistics services and the participation of international experts in the elaboration of subsequent censuses.
Psychophysical measurements in children: challenges, pitfalls, and considerations
Authors: Witton Caroline , Talcott Joel B. , Henning G. Bruce
Published: May 2017

Measuring sensory sensitivity is important in studying development and developmental disorders. However, with children, there is a need to balance reliable but lengthy sensory tasks with the child’s ability to maintain motivation and vigilance. We used simulations to explore the problems associated with shortening adaptive psychophysical procedures, and suggest how these problems might be addressed. We quantify how adaptive procedures with too few reversals can over-estimate thresholds, introduce substantial measurement error, and make estimates of individual thresholds less reliable. The associated measurement error also obscures group differences. Adaptive procedures with children should therefore use as many reversals as possible, to reduce the effects of both Type 1 and Type 2 errors. Differences in response consistency, resulting from lapses in attention, further increase the over-estimation of threshold. Comparisons between data from individuals who may differ in lapse rate are therefore problematic, but measures to estimate and account for lapse rates in analyses may mitigate this problem.
Estimating the effect of burrowing shrimp on deep-sea sediment community oxygen consumption
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Pilditch Conrad A.
Published: May 2017

Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) is a proxy for organic matter processing and thus provides a useful proxy of benthic ecosystem function. Oxygen uptake in deep-sea sediments is mainly driven by bacteria, and the direct contribution of benthic macro- and mega-infauna respiration is thought to be relatively modest. However, the main contribution of infaunal organisms to benthic respiration, particularly large burrowing organisms, is likely to be indirect and mainly driven by processes such as feeding and bioturbation that stimulate bacterial metabolism and promote the chemical oxidation of reduced solutes. Here, we estimate the direct and indirect contributions of burrowing shrimp (Eucalastacus cf. torbeni) to sediment community oxygen consumption based on incubations of sediment cores from 490 m depth on the continental slope of New Zealand. Results indicate that the presence of one shrimp in the sediment is responsible for an oxygen uptake rate of about 40 µmol d−1, only 1% of which is estimated to be due to shrimp respiration. We estimate that the presence of ten burrowing shrimp m−2 of seabed would lead to an oxygen uptake comparable to current estimates of macro-infaunal community respiration on Chatham Rise based on allometric equations, and would increase total sediment community oxygen uptake by 14% compared to sediment without shrimp. Our findings suggest that oxygen consumption mediated by burrowing shrimp may be substantial in continental slope ecosystems.