bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maribacter
Authors: Nedashkovskaya Olga I. , Kim Seung Bum
Published: July 2015

Ma.ri.bac'ter. L. neut. n.
mare
the sea; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
from Gr. n.
baktron
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Maribacter
rod inhabiting marine environments.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Maribacter

Rod‐shaped cells
,
0
.
2–0
.
7
×
1
.
2–10
μ
m
,
with rounded ends
.
Motile by gliding
. Produce non‐diffusible yellow carotenoid pigments. No flexirubin pigments are produced.
Chemoorganotrophs
.
Strictly aerobic
. Positive for oxidase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase. Arginine dihydrolase, and lysine and ornithine decarboxylases are not produced. Casein, urea, and chitin are not attacked. Tween 40 is hydrolyzed. Hydrolysis of agar, gelatin, starch, Tweens 20 and 80, and DNA varies among species. Indole, H
2
S, and acetoin are not produced.
Marine
, from coastal habitats. May require seawater or sodium ions for growth.
The major respiratory quinone is MK‐6
.
The main polar lipid is phosphatidylethanolamine
.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 35–39 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Maribacter sedimenticola
Nedashkovskaya, Kim, Han, Lysenko, Rohde, Rhee, Frolova, Falsen, Mikhailov and Bae 2004b, 1021
VP
.
Natronorubrum
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhou Peijin , Tian Xinyu , Oren Aharon
Published: July 2015

Na.tro.no.ru' brum
. Arabic n.
natron
soda; L. neut. adj.
rubrum
red; M.L. neut. n.
Natronorubrum
the red of soda.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natronorubrum

Gram‐negative pleomorphic flat‐shaped cells
.
Extremely halophilic and alkaliphilic
, requiring at least 2 M NaCl and pH values between 8.0 and 11.0. Optimum pH 9.0–9.5. Optimum temperature 45°C. Colonies red. Oxidase and catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic; aerobic. Yeast extract and Casamino acids are good sources of organic nutrients. Certain carbohydrates stimulate growth, sometimes with acid production. Polar lipids are characterized by the presence of C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
derivatives of phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerophosphate methyl ester, and unidentified minor phospholipids.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 59.9–60.1.

Type species
:
Natronorubrum bangense
Xu, Zhou and Tian 1999, 261.
Methanothermococcus gen. nov.
Authors: Whitman William B.
Published: July 2015

Me.tha.no.ther.mo.coc' cus. M.L. neut. n.methanummethane; Gr. adj.thermoshot; Gr. n.kokkosa spherical cell; M.L. masc. n.Methanothermococcusa coccus producing methane at thermophilic growth temperatures.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococcales / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / Methanothermococcus

Regular to irregular coccus, 1.5 µm in diameter. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse rapidly in dilute solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate.Motile, by means of a polar tuft of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Thermophilic(temperature optimum: 60–65°C). pH optimum between 5.1 and 7.5. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentration 2–4% (w/v).Obligately methanogenic; H2and formate serve as electron donors. Acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Alcohols, including isopropanol, are not substrates for methanogenesis. Grows autotrophically in mineral medium. Organic carbon sources are not stimulatory. Nitrogen sources include ammonium, nitrate and N2gas. Sulfur sources include sulfide, elemental sulfur, and other oxidized sulfur‐containing compounds such as thiosulfate, sulfite, and sulfate. Isolated from shallow, sandy, geothermally heated marine sediments and marine oil‐reservoir water.

The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 31–34.

Type species:Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicuscomb. nov. (Methanococcus thermolithotrophicusHuber, Thomm, König, Thies and Stetter 1982, 50).
Methanogenium
Authors: Romesser James A.
Published: July 2015

Me.tha.no.ge' ni.um.
M.L. neut. n.
methanum
methane; Gr. v. suff.
genes
producing; M.L. neut. n.
Methanogenium
methane producing.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiaceae / Methanogenium

Irregular cocci
occurring singly or in pairs, usually 0.5–2.6 µm in diameter.
Gram‐negative
. Does not form spores. No motility observed, although some strains flagellated. Strictly anaerobic.
Chemolithotrophic
,
utilizing hydrogen or sometimes formate or primary or secondary alcohols as the electron donor
,
reducing carbon dioxide to methane
.
Growth factors required
.
NaCl generally required or stimulatory for growth
. Optimal temperature range 15–57°C; optimal pH 6.4–7.9.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 47–52.

Type species
:
Methanogenium cariaci
Romesser, Wolfe, Mayer, Spiess and Walther‐Mauruschat 1981, 216 (Effective publication: Romesser, Wolfe, Mayer, Spiess and Walther‐Mauruschat 1979, 152).
Incertae Sedis I. Methanocalculus
Authors: Ollivier Bernard
Published: July 2015

Me.tha.no.cal
'
cu.lus
. M.L. neut. n.
methanum
methane; M.L. masc. n.
calculus
pebble, gravel; M.L. masc. n.
Methanocalculus
methane (‐producing) pebble‐shaped organism.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiales / Methanospirillaceae / incertae Sedis I. Methanocalculus

Irregular cocci with peritrichous flagella
. Endospores not formed. Strictly anaerobic.

Mesophilic. Growth at pH values of 7.0–8.4 and salinities up to about 125 g/l. Energy metabolism by reduction of CO
2
to CH
4
; H
2
and formate are electron donors for this reduction

.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 55.

Type species
:
Methanocalculus halotolerans
Ollivier, Fardeau, Cayol, Magot, Patel, Prensier and Garcia 1 9 9 8b, 826.
Thermoplasma
Authors: Langworthy Thomas A.
Published: July 2015

Ther.mo.plas' ma. Gr.n.thermeheat; Gr. fem. n.plasmasomething formed or molded, a form; M.L. neut. n.Thermoplasmaheat (‐loving) mycoplasma.

Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Thermoplasmatales / Thermoplasmataceae / Thermoplasma

Pleomorphic, varying in shape from spherical (0.1–5.0 µm) to filamentous structures.Cells lack a true cell walland are surrounded by a single triple‐layer membrane ~5–10 nm thick. Membrane contains ether lipids based on 40‐carbon, isopranoid‐brancheddiglycerol tetraethers. Resting stages not known. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells may be motile via monopolar monotrichous flagellation.Facultatively aerobic. Anaerobic growth is enhanced by elemental sulfur, which is reduced to H2S via respiration.Obligate thermoacidophile. Optimum growth occurs at 55–59°C and pH 1–2. Cells undergo lysis near neutrality. On agar at pH 2, colonies attain a diameter of about 0.3 mm and are dark brown in color, flat and coarsely granular, and some exhibit a typical “fried egg” appearance with a translucent peripheral zone. Biochemical and nutritional characteristics relatively poorly defined. Do not require cholesterol.Obligately heterotrophicwith growth on extracts of yeast, meat, andBacteriaorArchaea.Occur free‐living in self‐heating coal refuse piles and acidic solfatara fields.

The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 46.

Type species:Thermoplasma acidophilumDarland, Brock, Samsonoff and Conti 1970, 1418 (Thermoplasma acidophila[sic] Darland, Brock, Samsonoff and Conti 1970, 1418.)
Oxalophagus
Authors: Rainey Fred A.
Published: July 2015

Ox.sa.lo'pha.gus. Gr. n.
oxalis
wood sorrel (from which the name of oxalic acid is derived); Gr. masc. n.
phagos
glutton; N.L. masc. n.
Oxalophagus
oxalate eater.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / “Paenibacillaceae” / Oxalophagus

Cells are Gram‐positive, straight rods. Endospores are formed. Oval spores, located subterminally to centrally. Strictly anaerobic. Catalase‐negative. Cytochromes are not produced. Oxalate and oxamate are decarboxylated to formate. Acetate is assimilated for cell carbon synthesis. No growth occurs with other organic acids, sugars, or alcohols. Member of the family
Paenibacillaceae
based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 36.3.

Type species
:
Oxalophagus oxalicus
(Dehning and Schink, 1989) Collins, Lawson, Willems, Cordoba, Fernandez‐Garayzabal, Garcia, Cai, Hippe and Farrow 1994, 822
VP
(
Clostridium oxalicum
Dehning and Schink 1989, 83.).
Sporolactobacillus
Authors: Yanagida Fujitoshi , Suzuki Ken‐ichiro
Published: July 2015

Spo.ro.lac.to.ba.cil'lus. Gr. n.
spora
seed; L. n.
lac, lactis
milk; L. dim. n.
bacillus
a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Sporolactobacillus
sporing milk rodlet.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / “Sporolactobacillaceae” / Sporolactobacillus

Cells are
straight rods
, 0.4–1.0 × 2.0–4.0 µm, occurring singly, in pairs, and, rarely, in short chains.
Endospores are formed
that are resistant to heating at 80°C for 10 min.
Gram‐stain‐positive
. Mostly motile by peritrichous flagella. Facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic; good growth occurs on media containing glucose, but poor or no growth occurs in nutrient broth;
D
‐ or
DL
‐lactic acid is produced homofermentatively; catalase negative; does not contain cytochromes. Mesophilic. Acid is produced from glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, sucrose, and trehalose. The cell wall contains

meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐DAP)

. The predominant isoprenoid quinone is a
menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK‐7)
. Ubiquinone is not detected. The cellular fatty acids comprise predominantly

12‐methyl tetradecanoic acid (C
15:0 ante
) and 14‐methyl hexadecanoic acid (C
17:0 ante
)

, with 13‐methyl tetradecanoic acid (C
15:0 iso
) and 14‐methyl pentadecanoic acid (C
16:0 iso
) as minor components.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 43–50 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Sporolactobacillus inulinus
(Kitahara and Suzuki 1963) Kitahara and Lai 1967, 197
AL
(
Lactobacillus
(
Sporolactobacillus
)
inulinus
Kitahara and Suzuki 1963, 69).
Seinonella
Authors: Goodfellow Michael , Jones Amanda L.
Published: July 2015

Sei.no.nel'la. N.L. dim. fem. n.
Seinonella
named to honor Akiro Seino, a Japanese microbiologist, for his contributions to the genus
Thermoactinomyces
and actinomycetes.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / “Thermoactinomycetaceae” / Seinonella

Aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid‐fast chemo‐organotroph. The substrate mycelium is white to yellowish‐brown and the aerial mycelium white.
Sessile endospores are produced on the substrate mycelium and on filamentous branches of the aerial mycelium. Growth at 25–45°C, and optimally at 35°C
. The wall peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid.
The predominant menaquinone is MK‐7
, significant amounts of MK‐8, MK‐9, and MK 10 are also present.

The major fatty acids are C
14:0 iso

and C

15:
0 ante

. The phylogenetic nearest neighbor is the genus
Merchercharimyces
.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 40.

Type species
:
Seinonella peptonophila
(Nonomura and Ohara 1971) Yoon, Kim, Shin and Park 2005, 400
VP
(
Thermoactinomyces peptonophilus
Nonomura and Ohara 1971, 902.)
Dolosicoccus
Authors: Collins Matthew D.
Published: July 2015

Do.lo'si.coc.cus. L. adj.
dolosus
crafty, deceptive; Gr. n.
kokkos
a grain; N.L. masc. n.
dolosicoccus
a deceptive coccus

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Aerococcaceae” / Dolosicoccus

Cells are ovoid
,
occurring singly
,
in pairs
,
or in or short chains
. Gram‐stain‐positive and nonmotile. Nonspore‐forming.
Facultatively anaerobic and catalase and oxidase‐negative
.
No growth at 10 or 45
°
C or in broth containing 6
.
5
%
NaCl
.
Weak acid production but no gas produced from glucose
.
Starch
,
esculin
,
gelatin
,
and urea are not hydrolyzed
.
Negative bile‐esculin reaction
.
Pyroglutamic acid arylamidase is produced but not leucine aminopeptidase
. Voges–Proskauer‐negative. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite.
Vancomycin‐sensitive
.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 40.5 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Dolosicoccus paucivorans
Collins, Rodriguez Jovita, Hutson, Falsen, Sjödén and Facklam 1 9 9 9c, 1442
VP
.
Ignavigranum
Authors: Collins Matthew D.
Published: July 2015

Ig.na.vi.gra'num. L. adj.
ignavus
lazy, non‐reacting; L. neut. n.
granum
grain, kernel; N.L. neut. n.
Ignavigranum
lazy grain.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Aerococcaceae” / Ignavigranum

Cells are ovoid, occurring in pairs, groups, or chains. Gram‐positive and nonmotile. No spores are formed.
Facultatively anaerobic and catalase‐negative
.
Grows in 6
.
5
%
NaCl broth
.
No growth at 10
°
C
;
most strains do not grow at 45
°
C
. Gas is not produced.
Negative bile‐esculin reaction
. Acid is produced from
D
‐glucose and some other sugars.
Pyrrolidonylarylamidase and leucine aminopeptidase are produced
.
Vancomycin‐sensitive
.

Cell‐wall murein is based on
L
‐lysine

(
type Lys‐direct
).

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 40 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Ignavigranum ruoffiae
Collins, Lawson, Monasterio, Falsen, Sjödén and Facklam 1999e, 100
VP
Allofustis
Authors: Lawson Paul A.
Published: July 2015

Al.lo.fus'tis. Gr. prefix
allos
another, the other; L. masc. n.
fustis
stick; N.L. masc. n.
Allofustis
the other stick or rod.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Carnobacteriaceae” / Allofustis

Cells are
Gram‐stain‐positive, nonsporeforming and rod‐shaped. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative
. Arginine dihydrolase, leucine arylamidase, and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase are produced. Indole‐negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Voges–Proskauer‐negative. The long‐chain cellular fatty acids are of the straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated types.

The cell‐wall murein is type
L
‐lysine‐direct (A1α)

. The genus is classed in the family
Carnobacteriaceae
. Isolated from porcine semen.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 39.

Type species
:
Allofustis seminis
Collins, Higgins, Messier, Fortin, Hutson, Lawson and Falsen 2003, 813
VP
.
Atopostipes
Authors: Whitehead Terence R. , Lawson Paul A. , Cotta Michael A.
Published: July 2015

A.to.po.sti'pes. Gr. adj.
atopos
having no place, strange; L. masc. n.
stipes
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Atopostipes
a strange rod, referring to its distinct phylogenetic position.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Carnobacteriaceae” / Atopostipes

Cells are short rods
. Gram‐stain‐positive. Nonmotile and spores are not formed.
Facultatively anaerobic and catalase‐negative
. Optimum growth temperature is 28–32 °C;
no growth occurs above 32
°
C. Acid is produced from

d

‐
glucose and some other carbohydrates
. The end products of glucose metabolism are lactate, acetate, and formate. Urease‐negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Indole is not formed. The cell‐wall murein

contains
L
‐Lys, type A4

α (

l

‐
Lys
–

d

‐
Asp
). Isolated from swine manure.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 43.9.

Type species
:
Atopostipes suicloacalis
Cotta, Whitehead, Collins and Lawson 2004a, 1425
VP
(Effective publication: Cotta, Whitehead, Collins and Lawson 2004b, 194) (
Atopostipes suicloacale
[sic] Cotta, Whitehead, Collins and Lawson 2004b, 194).
Marinilactibacillus
Authors: Yamasato Kazuhide , Ishikawa Morio
Published: July 2015

Ma.ri.ni.lac.ti.ba.cil'lus. L. adj.marinusmarine; L. n.lac, lactismilk; L. n.bacillusa small rod; N.L. masc. n.Marinilactibacillusmarine lactic acid rodlet.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Carnobacteriaceae” / Marinilactibacillus

Cells are Gram positive, nonsporeforming, straight rods that occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains.Motile with peritrichous flagella. Facultative anaerobe. Catalase and oxidase negative. Negative for nitrate reduction and gelatin liquefaction. Hydrolyzes casein. Mesophilic and psychrotolerant.Slightly halophilic and highly halotolerant. Alkaliphilic.l(+)Lactic acid is the major end product fromd(+)glucose; trace to small amounts of formate, acetate, and ethanol are produced with a molar ratio of approximately 2:1:1, without gas formation. The peptidoglycan is of the A4β,Orn–d‐Glu type. Cellular fatty acids are primarily of the straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated even‐carbon‐numbered types.The major fatty acids are C16:0,C16:1ω7,C18:0,and C18:1ω9(oleic acid).Respiratory quinones and cytochromes are absent.

DNA G+C content(mol%): 34.6–36.2.

Type species:Marinilactibacillus psychrotoleransIshikawa, Nakajima, Yanagi, Yamamoto and Yamasato 2003, 719VP.
Oenococcus
Authors: Dicks Leon M.T. , Holzapfel Wilhelm H.
Published: July 2015

oe.no.coc'cus. Gr. n.oinoswine; Gr. masc. n.kokkosberry, little round thing; N.L. masc. n.oenococcuslittle round thing from wine.

Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Leuconostocaceae” / Oenococcus

Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, nonmotile, and asporogenous.Ellipsoidal to spherical in shape, usually arranged in pairs or chains. Cell morphology varies with strain and is influenced by growth medium and age. Chemo‐organotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, catalase‐negative, no cytochromes present. Usually nonproteolytic. Exoprotease activity has been reported for a strain isolated from a red wine produced in Argentina (Manca de Nadra et al., 2005). Nitrate is not reduced. Nonhemolytic. Indole is not formed.Acidophilic(prefers an initial growth pH of 4.8)or non‐acidophilic(growth at pH 5.0–7.5;pH 6.0–6.8 as optimum),depending on the species. Growth in media supplemented with 5% (v/v) ethanol is usual, but growth in the presence of 10% (v/v) ethanol depends on the species. Growth in broth is slow and usually uniform.Surface growth is enhanced by incubation in a 10%CO2atmosphere. Colonies usually develop only after 5 d and are less than 1 mm in diameter. Grows between 20 and 30 °C. Requires a rich medium with complex growth factors and amino acids.Tomato juice,grape juice,pantothenic acid,or 4′‐O‐(β‐glucopyranosyl)‐d‐pantothenic acid may be required for growth and depends on the species. Glucose is fermented to equal amounts ofd(−)‐lactic acid,CO2,and ethanol or acetate via a pathway not yet fully elucidated.l‐malate is decarboxylated toL(+)‐lactate in the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate.Polysaccharides and most alcohols are not metabolized.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)‐dependent glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase(G‐6‐P‐DH)not present. Habitat: wine, cider and distilled shochu residue.

DNA G+C content(mol%): 37–43 (Tmand HPLC).

Type species:Oenococcus oeni(Garvie 1967b) Dicks, Dellaglio and Collins 1995a, 397VP(Leuconostoc oenicorrig. Garvie 1967b, 431).
Anoxynatronum
Authors: Garnova Elena S. , Zhilina Tatjana N.
Published: July 2015

An.ox'y.na.tro'num. Gr. pref.
an
‐without; Gr. adj.
oxys
acid or sour, and in combined words indicating oxygen; N. Gr. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from Ar. n.
natrun
or
natron
) soda; N.L. neut. n.
Anoxynatronum
organism which inhabits anaerobic and soda environment.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Anoxynatronum

Slightly curved rods with pointed ends, 0.5–0.7 × 3.8–5 µm
. Gram‐stain‐positive cell‐wall structure. Motile. Nonsporeforming.
Moderately alkaliphilic
with good growth at pH 7.6–9.5.
Growth requires sodium and bicarbonate
but not chloride ions.
Catalase‐positive anaerobe
which possesses fermentative metabolism.
Chemoorganoheterotroph
: able to utilize mono‐ and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, and proteinaceous substrates. The products of glucose fermentation are acetate and ethanol. Yeast extract is required for growth. Habitat is saline‐carbonate lakes. The genus is monotypic.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 48.1–48.4.

Type species
:
Anoxynatronum sibiricum
Garnova, Zhilina and Tourova 2003a, 1219
VP
(Effective publication: Garnova, Zhilina and Tourova 2003b, 219.).
Caloramator
Authors: Baena Sandra , Patel Bharat K. C.
Published: July 2015

Ca.lora.ma'tor. L. n.
calor
heat; L. masc. n.
amator
lover; N. L. masc. n.
Caloramator
heat lover.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Caloramator

Straight to slightly curved rods or filaments
(2–100 × 0.4–0.8 µm), which occur singly or pairs. Cells stain Gram‐negative or Gram‐positive but possess a Gram‐positive cell‐wall ultrastructure. May be
motile or nonmotile
. Endospores may or may not be produced and if present, are spherical and located terminally or subterminally and do not distend the sporangia. All species grow at
thermophilic
temperatures (growth temperature optimum between 50 and 68 °C). The metabolism is heterotrophic and
saccharolytic
and the end products from glucose fermentation are acetate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, lactate and ethanol. Unable to grow autotrophically or produce sulfur from thiosulfate.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 25–39.

Type species
:
Caloramator fervidus
(Patel, Monk, Littleworth, Morgan and Daniel 1987) Collins, Lawson, Willems, Cordoba, Fernández‐Garayzábal, Garcia, Cai, Hippe and Farrow 1994, 812
VP
(
Clostridium fervidus
Patel, Monk, Littleworth, Morgan and Daniel 1987, 125).
Sarcina
Authors: Canale‐Parola Ercole
Published: July 2015

Sar.ci'na. L. fem.n.
Sarcina
a package, bundle.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Sarcina

Nearly spherical
cells, 1.8–3.0 µm in diameter,
occurring in packets
of eight or more. Some of the cells in cultures may be present singly, or as groups of fewer than eight cells. Generally the cells are flattened in the areas of contact with adjacent cells.
Division occurs in three perpendicular planes
. Spore formation by these organisms has been reported (Knöll, 1965; Knöll and R. Horschak, 1971).
Gram‐stain‐positive
.
Nonmotile
.
Chemo‐organotrophic anaerobes
,
having an exclusively fermentative metabolism
. Relatively aerotolerant.
Carbohydrates are the fermentable substrates
. The main products of glucose fermentation are CO
2
, H
2
, acetic acid as well as ethanol for
Sarcina ventriculi
and butyric acid for
Sarcina maxima
. Not pigmented. Catalase‐negative. The minimal growth requirements include numerous amino acids and few vitamins, in addition to a fermentable substrate and inorganic salts. Grow at pH values near 1 and up to pH 9.8.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 28–31.

Type species
:
Sarcina ventriculi
Goodsir 1842, 437
AL
.
Thermobrachium
Authors: Wiegel Juergen
Published: July 2015

Ther.mo.bra'chi.um. Gr. adj.
thermos
hot; L. n.
brachium
arm, branch; N.L. neut. n.
Thermobrachium
referring to the branched cells observed frequently with this thermophilic bacterium.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Thermobrachium

Cells are usually
rod‐shaped
and frequently
exhibit true branching
.
Gram‐stain‐positive
, although cells of some strains are easily decolorized. An
S‐layer with a hexagonal lattice
is present. Cells are flagellated and only sluggishly motile.
Chemoorganoheterotrophic
. Habitats include anthropogenically heated environments (composts) and geothermally heated environments (hot springs and sediments) as well as mesobiotic freshwater sediments.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 30–31.

Type species
:
Thermobrachium celere
Engle, Li, Rainey, DeBlois, Mai, Reichert, Mayer, Messner and Wiegel 1996, 1032
VP
.
Thermohalobacter
Authors: Cayol Jean‐Luc , Garcia Jean‐Louis , Ollivier Bernard
Published: July 2015

Ther.mo.ha.lo.bac'ter. Gr. adj.
thermos
hot; Gr. n.
hals
salt; N.L. n.
bacter
masc. equiv. of Gr. neut. dim. n.
bakterion
small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Thermohalobacter
a thermophilic fermentative halophile.

Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Thermohalobacter

Rod‐shaped
cells, generally occurring singly or in pairs, about 0.5 × 3–8 µm. Motile by laterally inserted flagella. Spores are not observed under different growth conditions and at different growth phases.
Gram‐stain‐negative
. Obligately anaerobic. Halophilic and thermophilic; optimum growth temperature is 65 °C, optimal pH is 7.0, optimum NaCl concentration is 5%.
Chemo‐organotrophic growth
.
Ferments sugars
. Products from glucose fermentation are acetate, ethanol, H
2
, and, presumably, CO
2
. External electron acceptors are not used.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 33.

Type species
:
Thermohalobacter berrensis
Cayol, Ducerf, Patel, Garcia, Thomas and Ollivier 2000a, 562
VP
.
Does Chondrocalcinosis Associate With a Distinct Radiographic Phenotype of Osteoarthritis in Knees and Hips? A Case–Control Study
Authors: Abhishek A. , Doherty S. , Maciewicz R. A. , Muir K. , Zhang W. , Doherty M.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To examine if knee chondrocalcinosis (CC), hip CC, or CC at distant joints associates with a distinct radiographic phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) in knees or hips.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study using data from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study (n = 3,170). All participants of the GOAL study had radiographs of knees, hands, and pelvis, which have been scored for CC and for individual radiographic features of OA. For this study, cases had radiographic OA and CC, and controls had radiographic OA without CC at the index joint. Data for knees and hips were analyzed separately. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between each radiographic phenotype and CC in joints with OA. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to account for correlated data.

Results

Knee CC, and CC at any distant joint (without knee CC), associated with attrition in knee OA (adjusted odds ratio 2.32 [95% confidence interval 1.42–3.79] and 2.42 [1.41–4.13], respectively). There was no association between knee CC and osteophytosis or joint space narrowing (JSN) in knees with OA. Hip CC associated negatively with the summated osteophyte score and minimum JSN in hip OA. However, in hips with OA, CC did not associate with cysts or sclerosis. Additionally, distant joint CC did not associate with any structural change in hip OA.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that knee CC and CC at distant joints associate with attrition in knee OA, and hip CC associates with a milder hip OA phenotype. There was no evidence that CC associates with a hypertrophic OA phenotype.
Fabrication of Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts by Deposition of Iron Nanocrystals on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Casavola Marianna , Hermannsdörfer Justus , de Jonge Niels , Dugulan A. Iulian , de Jong Krijn P.
Published: July 2015

The fabrication of supported catalysts consisting of colloidal iron oxide nanocrystals with tunable size, geometry, and loading—homogeneously dispersed on carbon nanotube (CNT) supports—is described herein. The catalyst synthesis is performed in a two‐step approach. First, colloidal iron and iron oxide nanocrystals with a narrow size distribution are produced. Second, the nanocrystals are attached to CNT grains serving as support structure. Important features, like iron loading and nanocrystal density on the CNT support, are controlled by changing the nanocrystal concentration and ligand concentration, respectively. The Fischer–Tropsch performance reveals these new materials to be active, selective toward lower olefins (60% C of hydrocarbons produced in the absence of promoters), and remarkably stable against particle growth.
Influence of polymer morphology on the adsorption behaviors of molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid functionalized β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Asman Saliza , Mohamad Sharifah , Sarih Norazilawati Muhamad
Published: July 2015

The influence of molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (MIP(MAA‐β‐CD)) morphology on the adsorption behavior studies towards benzylparaben (BzP) was explored. The effects of time, concentration, and temperature towards BzP uptake were extensively evaluated. The adsorption performance of MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) was compared with that on the molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid (MIP(MAA)) synthesized without β‐CD. The MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) was synthesized to obtain a spherical and spongy‐porous texture with a broad pore size distribution. The MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) showed fast kinetic and the intra‐particle diffusion model demonstrated a three step (surface and pore) adsorption process. The Koble‐Corrigan isotherm was the most suitable model for data fitting, which indicated that MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) had homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces. This finding clearly demonstrated that the large uptake and strong affinity of MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) did not only probably result from the monomer‐template interactions, but also due to the morphological MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) structure. In contrary to MIP(MAA‐β‐CD), MIP(MAA) synthesized with uniform morphology and narrow pore size distribution had lower adsorption capacities and its kinetic data fitted the pseudo‐second order diffusion model, indicating a two‐step (surface only) adsorption process. The MIP(MAA) adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model referred to solely homogeneous uptake. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the BzP uptake was exothermic, spontaneous, and physisorption process onto MIPs, which supported the results of kinetics and isotherm adsorption data. This study clearly revealed that the presence of β‐CD improved the morphology of synthesized MIP, and automatically enhanced the adsorption behavior of MIP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42720.
In situ polymerization of polyimide‐based nanocomposites via covalent incorporation of functionalized graphene nanosheets for enhancing mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties
Authors: Qian Yong , Wu Hongfu , Yuan Dingzhong , Li Xing , Yu Wenting , Wang Chunyan
Published: July 2015

In this study, we report an effective method to fabricate high‐performance polyimide (PI)‐based nanocomposites using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized graphene oxide (APTSi‐GO) as the reinforcing filler. APTSi‐GO nanosheets exhibit good dispersibility and compatibility with the polymer matrix because of the strong interfacial covalent interactions. PI‐based nanocomposites with different loadings of functionalized graphene nanosheets (FGNS) were prepared by in situ polymerization and thermal imidization. The mechanical performance, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of the FGNS/PI nanocomposites are significantly improved compared with those of pure PI by adding only a small amount of FGNS. For example, a 79% improvement in the tensile strength and a 132% increase in the tensile modulus are achieved by adding 1.5 wt % FGNS. The electrical and thermal conductivities of 1.5 wt % FGNS/PI are 2.6 × 10−3 S/m and 0.321 W/m·K, respectively, which are ∼1010 and two times higher than those of pure PI. Furthermore, the incorporation of graphene significantly improves the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability. The success of this approach provides a good rationale for developing multifunctional and high‐performance PI‐based composite materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42724.
3XMM J185246.6+003317 as transient neutron star
Authors: Hambaryan V. , Wagner D. , Schmidt J.G. , Hohle M. M. , Neuhäuser R.
Published: July 2015

We performed an X‐ray timing and spectral analysis of the variable source 3XMM J185246.6+003317 to investigate its physical nature. The data from all observations of 3XMMJ185246.6+003317 conducted by XMM‐Newton EPIC MOS1 and MOS2 with the same instrumental setup in 2004–2009 were reprocessed to form a homogenous data set of solar barycenter corrected photon arrival times and high S/N spectra of 3XMM J185246.6+003317. A Bayesian method for the search, detection, and estimation of the parameters of a periodic signal of unknown shape was employed, as developed by Gregory & Loredo (1992, 1993). The results show that 3XMM J185246.6+003317 is a transient neutron star with the genuine spin‐period of 23.11722 (23.11711–23.11727) s and its derivative of 5.3(0.3–5.5)×10–11 s s–1, implying a characteristic age of 7 (6–104) kyr, if the period derivative can be ascribed to the genuine spin‐down rate of the neutron star. The rotational‐phase averaged X‐ray spectra at the different brightness periods can be fitted with a highly absorbed blackbody model with different temperatures. The phase‐folded light curves in different energy bands with high S/N ratio show a double‐peaked profile; the variations depend on time and energy, indicating that radiation emerges from at least two emitting areas. The spectra at the phases corresponding to the maxima in the phase‐folded light curve show different spectral parameters of absorbed blackbody radiation, i.e. the hotter one has a smaller size. The source is detected only from September 2008 to April 2009 with persistently decreasing brightness, but not before, even though it was observed by XMM. Hence, it is a transient neutron star or a binary system hosting it. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of the photoelectric light curve and the orbital period variations of the binary system UU Andromedae
Authors: Manzoori D. , Abbasvand S. , Najafinezhad F.
Published: July 2015

In this work, the analysis of the photoelectric light curve (LC) in the broad‐band filter (400–700 nm) for the UU And system was carried out using the PHOEBE program (vers. 0.31a). The absolute dimensions of the system are determined and its evolution is discussed. Moreover, the period changes of the system are studied using updated O – C data, which shows a cyclic change with a period of Pmod = 18 yr. This was attributed to a magnetic activity cycle operating in this system. In addition to the cyclic change, a long‐term secular variation due to mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component with a rate of 6.17×10–9 M⊙ yr–1 was also detected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective fermentation of carbohydrate and protein fractions of Scenedesmus, and biohydrogenation of its lipid fraction for enhanced recovery of saturated fatty acids
Authors: Lai YenJung Sean , Parameswaran Prathap , Li Ang , Aguinaga Alyssa , Rittmann Bruce E.
Published: July 2015

Biofuels derived from microalgae have promise as carbon‐neutral replacements for petroleum. However, difficulty extracting microalgae‐derived lipids and the co‐extraction of non‐lipid components add major costs that detract from the benefits of microalgae‐based biofuel. Selective fermentation could alleviate these problems by managing microbial degradation so that carbohydrates and proteins are hydrolyzed and fermented, but lipids remain intact. We evaluated selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass in batch experiments buffered at pH 5.5, 7, or 9. Carbohydrates were fermented up to 45% within the first 6 days, protein fermentation followed after about 20 days, and lipids (measured as fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) were conserved. Fermentation of the non‐lipid components generated volatile fatty acids, with acetate, butyrate, and propionate being the dominant products. Selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass increased the amount of extractable FAME and the ratio of FAME to crude lipids. It also led to biohydrogenation of unsaturated FAME to more desirable saturated FAME (especially to C16:0 and C18:0), and the degree of saturation was inversely related to the accumulation of hydrogen gas after fermentation. Moreover, the microbial communities after selective fermentation were enriched in bacteria from families known to perform biohydrogenation, i.e., Porphyromonadaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Thus, this study provides proof‐of‐concept that selective fermentation can improve the quantity and quality of lipids that can be extracted from Scenedesmus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 320–329. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal Control Vector Parameterization Approach with a Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm for Nonlinear Chemical Dynamic Optimization Problems
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Liu Xinggao , Ma Liang
Published: July 2015

A control vector parameterization (CVP)‐based hybrid algorithm, HAPSODSA‐CVP, is proposed to solve the nonlinear chemical dynamic optimization problems, where adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) is applied to enhance the global search ability, while differential search algorithm (DSA) is used to improve the local exploitation ability. Three well‐known classic nonlinear chemical dynamic optimization problems are tested as illustration, and detailed comparisons are carried out among PSO‐CVP, APSO‐CVP, and HAPSODSA‐CVP approaches. The research results not only demonstrate the efficiency of the HAPSODSA‐CVP approach for this kind of dynamic optimization problems, but also its superiority to both APSO‐CVP and PSO‐CVP approaches in terms of accuracy as well as convergence rate.
Slip and Characteristic Velocities in a Horizontal Pulsed‐Plate Extraction Column
Authors: Khajenoori Majid , Safdari Jaber , Asl Ali Haghighi , Mallah Mohammad Hassan
Published: July 2015

The slip velocity, the dispersed‐phase hold‐up, and the characteristic velocities of the phases in a horizontal pulsed extraction column were investigated under no‐mass transfer conditions using four binary systems: kerosene‐water, toluene‐water, n‐butyl acetate‐water, and butanol‐water. The effects of the pulsation intensity, the dispersed‐ and continuous‐phase flow rates, and the interfacial tension on the dispersed‐phase hold‐up and slip velocity of the phases were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a semi‐empirical correlation for estimating the slip velocity and the characteristic velocity was established, which proved to be in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Axial Ligation of Heme in c‐Type Cytochromes of Living Shewanella oneidensis: A New Insight into Enhanced Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Yuan Yong , Li Laicai , Zhou Shungui
Published: July 2015

The controlled axial ligation reaction of the heme Fe in c‐type cytochromes (c‐Cyts) is a valid approach to regulating the redox activity of c‐Cyts, but it is mainly revealed in purified c‐Cyts. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of regulating the redox activity of c‐Cyts in a living microorganism through heme axial ligation to target high extracellular electron transfer (EET). The direct electrochemistry of Shewanella oneidensis amended with an axial ligand (imidazole) delivered a 1.5‐fold increase in the biocurrent, demonstrating enhanced EET. In vivo UV/Vis and Raman spectra confirmed the axial ligation of imidazoles to the c‐Cyts. Density functional calculations revealed the optimized electronic structure and lowered reorganization energy values of the imidazole‐ligated heme, which benefited EET. These findings provide, not only a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the EET, but also new insights into the enhanced EET.
Functionalized Corannulene Carbocations: A Structural Overview
Authors: Dubceac Cristina , Filatov Alexander S. , Zabula Alexander V. , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: July 2015

A detailed structural overview of a family of bowl‐shaped polycyclic aromatic carbocations of the type [C20H10R]+ with different R functionalities tethered to the interior surface of corannulene (C20H10) is provided. Changing the identity of the surface‐bound groups through alkyl chains spanning from one to four carbon atoms and incorporating a different degree of halogenation has led to the fine tuning of the bowl structures and properties. The deformation of the corannulene core upon functionalization has been revealed based on X‐ray crystallographic analysis and compared for the series of cations with R=CH3, CH2Cl, CHCl2, CCl3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2Cl, and CH2CH2Br. The resulting carbocations have been isolated with several metal‐based counterions, varying in size and coordinating abilities ([AlCl4]−, [AlBr4]−, [(SnCl)(GaCl4)2]−, and [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]−). A variety of aggregation patterns in the solid state has been revealed based on different intermolecular interactions ranging from cation–anion to π–π stacking and to halogen⋅⋅⋅π interactions. For the [C20H10CH2Cl]+ ion crystallized with several different counterions, the conformation of the R group attached to the central five‐membered ring of corannulene moiety was found to depend on the solid‐state environment defined by the identity of anions. Solution NMR and UV/Vis investigations have been used to complement the X‐ray diffraction studies for this series of corannulene‐based cations and to demonstrate their different association patterns with the solvent molecules.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO through TiO2 Passivation of InP in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zeng Guangtong , Qiu Jing , Hou Bingya , Shi Haotian , Lin Yongjing , Hettick Mark , Javey Ali , Cronin Stephen B.
Published: July 2015

A robust and reliable method for improving the photocatalytic performance of InP, which is one of the best known materials for solar photoconversion (i.e., solar cells). In this article, we report substantial improvements (up to 18×) in the photocatalytic yields for CO2 reduction to CO through the surface passivation of InP with TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Here, the main mechanisms of enhancement are the introduction of catalytically active sites and the formation of a pn‐junction. Photoelectrochemical reactions were carried out in a nonaqueous solution consisting of ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM]BF4), dissolved in acetonitrile, which enables CO2 reduction with a Faradaic efficiency of 99 % at an underpotential of +0.78 V. While the photocatalytic yield increases with the addition of the TiO2 layer, a corresponding drop in the photoluminescence intensity indicates the presence of catalytically active sites, which cause an increase in the electron‐hole pair recombination rate. NMR spectra show that the [EMIM]+ ions in solution form an intermediate complex with CO2−, thus lowering the energy barrier of this reaction.
Retro‐Brook Rearrangement of Ferrocene‐Derived Silyl Ethers
Authors: Bariak Vladimír , Malastová Andrea , Almássy Ambroz , Šebesta Radovan
Published: July 2015

An intramolecular Li–Si exchange was observed on various lithiated ferrocenylbenzyl silyl ethers. The thermodynamically more stable C‐silylated isomers were isolated in good yields and fully characterized. The reaction mechanism of the [1,4] retro‐Brook rearrangement was investigated by DFT calculations. Two distinct reaction routes were proposed and a possible stabilization effect of the ferrocenyl fragment on the C‐silylated isomers was described. The diastereoselective rearrangement of the trimethylsilyl group to the ortho position of the ferrocenyl cyclopentadienyl ring was also accomplished and the absolute configuration of the product was determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Tetraboride, MnB4: High‐Temperature Crystal Structure, p—n Transition, 55Mn NMR Spectroscopy, Solid Solutions, and Mechanical Properties.
Authors: Knappschneider Arno , Litterscheid Christian , Brgoch Jakoah , George Nathan C. , Henke Sebastian , Cheetham Anthony K. , Hu Jerry G. , Seshadri Ram , Albert Barbara
Published: July 2015

The title compound is characterized by powder XRD, conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements, solid state NMR spectroscopy, nanoindentation measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of Y2CoGe4O12.
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Qiang , Battle Peter D. , Ridout Joe , Xu Diming , Ramos Silvia
Published: July 2015

Polycrystalline YCoGe4O12 is prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of GeO2, Y2O3, and Co3O4 in air (1050 °C, ≈100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of Reversible Magnesium Ion Intercalation into a Spinel Oxide Host.
Authors: Cabana Jordi , et al.
Published: July 2015

Extensive and reversible electrochemical Mg intercalation into spinel‐type Mn2O4 is demonstrated by electrochemical measurements, XRD, STEM, XAS, and solid state NMR.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni0.85Se Nanostructures with Plate‐Like and Particle Morphologies and Their Catalytic Performances.
Authors: Wang Xian‐Wen , Wu Kong‐Lin , Zhao Meng‐Li , Zhang Zai‐Xian , Ling Min , Liu Kun , Wei Xian‐Wen , Liu Xiaowang , Yun Ruirui
Published: July 2015

Ni0.85Se plate‐like nanostructures are prepared via a self‐templating conversion method by first preparing the Ni precursor Ni2(OH)3Cl via hydrothermal reaction of NiCl2 and NaOH (H2O, autoclave, 180 °C, 12 h) followed by selenylation with fresh NaHSe (H2O, autoclave, 160 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ba5Tr2(Ge,Sn)2P8 and Ba5Tr5(Ga,Tt)2P12 (Tr: Al, Ga; Tt: Ge, Sn): Phosphides with Triel and Tetrel Mixing.
Authors: Pan Ming‐Yan , Xia Sheng‐Qing , Liu Xiao‐Cun , Tao Xu‐Tang
Published: July 2015

The new compounds Ba5Ga2GeSnP8 (I), Ba5Al2GeSnP8 (II), Ba5Ga6GeP12 (III), and Ba5Ga6SnP12 (IV) are synthesized by solid state reactions of the elements in a Sn or Pb flux (alumina crucibles, 900 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultra‐Large Scale Synthesis of High Electrochemical Performance SnO2 Quantum Dots within 5 min at Room Temperature Following a Growth Self‐Termination Mechanism.
Authors: Cui Hongtao , Xue Junying , Ren Wanzhong , Wang Minmin
Published: July 2015

SnO2 quantum dots of 1.2 nm particle size are prepared at an ultra‐large scale (at least 50 g) by grinding a solid mixture of SnCl2·2H2O, (NH4)2S2O8, and morpholine in a mortar at 25 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca2FeMnO6: A Layered Double Perovskite with Unusual High‐Valence Fe4+ in a Layered Arrangement.
Authors: Hosaka Yoshiteru , Ichikawa Noriya , Saito Takashi , Haruta Mitsutaka , Kimoto Koji , Kurata Hiroki , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: July 2015

Brownmillerite Ca2FeMnO5 is prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of CaCO3, Fe2O3, and MnCO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solid Solution Series of Atacamite Type Ni2xMg2—2xCl(OH)3.
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Roeder Christian , Freyer Daniela
Published: July 2015

A complete solid solution series of Ni2xMg2‐2xCl(OH)3 from Mg2Cl(OH)3 and Ni2Cl(OH)3 is prepared under hydrothermal conditions using aqueous solutions of Mg(OH)2, MgCl2, Ni(OH)2, and NiCl2 (TiPd autoclave, 200 °C, up to 2 months).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Delafossite CuFeO2 Crystals at 100 °C.
Authors: Xiong Dehua , Qi Yongkang , Li Xiawen , Liu Xingxing , Tao Haizheng , Chen Wei , Zhao Xiujian
Published: July 2015

The preparation of crystalline CuFeO2 (100‐300 nm crystallite size) by hydrothermal reaction of Cu(NO3)2, FeCl2, and NaOH (autoclave, 100 °C, 12 h) is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessible Protocol for Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Vinylarenes Using Formaldehyde.
Authors: Morimoto Tsumoru , Fujii Tetsuji , Miyoshi Kota , Makado Gouki , Tanimoto Hiroki , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: July 2015

Both the decarbonylative degradation of formaldehyde (II) to a CO moiety and hydrogen and the subsequent hydroformylation of vinylarenes are promoted by a chiral single‐loaded Rh(I)‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation under Solventless Conditions in Ball Mills.
Authors: Joerres Manuel , Acena Jose Luis , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2015

The solventless asymmetric alkylation of a nickel complex in a ball mill gives amino acid precursors with stereochemical control.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Nitro‐Carbocyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with tBuONO and TEMPO.
Authors: Hao Xin‐Hua , Gao Pin , Song Xian‐Rong , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Jin Dong‐Po , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: July 2015

The presented approach can be scaled up to gram quantities in satisfactory yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with the Azide Ion: A Tool for Construction of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin L. , Villemson Elena V. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: July 2015

The regioselective ring opening of 2‐substituted cyclopropane diesters with sodium azide to give γ‐azido ester derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Ethyl‐1‐phenylindazolium Hexafluorophosphate. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Formation, Rearrangement, Ring‐Cleavage Reactions, and Rhodium Complex Formation.
Authors: Guan Zong , Gjikaj Mimoza , Schmidt Andreas
Published: July 2015

The carbene generated in situ from indazolium salt (I) by deprotonation is trapped as thione (II), oxide (III), or rhodium complex (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Deoxygenation of Aromatic Ketones and Aldehydes over Pd/C Using Polymethylhydrosiloxane as the Reducing Agent.
Authors: Volkov Alexey , Gustafson Karl P. J. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Verho Oscar , Baeckvall Jan‐E. , Adolfsson Hans
Published: July 2015

The catalyst is recyclable and reusable at least 6 times.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Allylic Fluorides via Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Tandem Carbofluorination of Allenes.
Authors: Liu Shasha , Zhao Jinbo , Zhang Ge
Published: July 2015

An efficient protocol for the reaction of allenes with aryl iodides and AgF to give allylic fluorides is reported.