bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stability and Consumer Acceptance of Fish Oil Fortified Nutrition Bars
Authors: Hughes Brianna H. , Muzzy Heather M. , Laliberte Lauriane C. , Grenier Hannah S. , Perkins L. Brian , Skonberg Denise I.
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Oat and soy‐based nutrition bars were fortified with 4 levels of fish oil (0, 6, 12, or 18 g per approximately 600 g batch), representing 0%, 20%, 40%, or 60% replacement of canola oil. The commercially available purified fish oil was not emulsified nor encapsulated, and contained tocopherols. Baked nutrition bars were evaluated for proximate composition, water activity, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) content, and consumer acceptance using a 9‐point hedonic scale. The bars were sealed in opaque bags and stored in a stability chamber at 25 °C and 50% relative humidity for 10 wk to assess oxidative stability. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in proximate composition, water activity, or ALA levels among treatments. EPA and DHA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments, averaging 178.1 mg/serving (20‐FO), 488.3 mg/serving (40‐FO), and 664.6 mg/serving (60‐FO), but none changed during storage. Headspace hexanal and propanal levels decreased over time but were not significantly different among treatments until week 10. Peroxide values were not significantly different except between the control and 60‐FO bars. Low values obtained for these analyses suggest negligible oxidation in the bars. Consumer acceptance scores did not differ significantly between the control and lowest fortification level (20‐FO), ranging from 6.4 to 6.6 for aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. These results suggest that nonemulsified, nonencapsulated fish oil can successfully replace canola oil in intermediate moisture nutrition bars to provide EPA and DHA levels as high as 178 mg/serving without affecting consumer acceptability or oxidative stability.

Practical Application:  Omega‐3 fatty acid rich fish oil has been shown to have numerous health benefits, but there are limitations to its use in shelf‐stable food products. In this study, nutrition bars were successfully fortified with nonencapsulated, nonemulsified fish oil to deliver 178 mg EPA and DHA per 35 g serving. The fortified bars were oxidatively stable over 10 wk and acceptable to consumers.
Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits1
Authors: Li Guangquan , Cheng Yuan , Zhao Bei
Published: September 2012

Li, Guangquan, Yuan Cheng, and Bei Zhao, 2012. Analysis of the Effect of the Beavers‐Joseph Interface Condition on Flow in Karst Conduits. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00683.x

Abstract:  In this study, we derive an approximate analytic solution for the distribution of flow velocity in a cylindrical conduit and the surrounding media, and analyze the effect of differing parameters (e.g., conduit radius) on the velocity of conduit flow. The solution is then employed to estimate the thickness of the boundary layer inside the media. The results reveal that when conduit radius is large, the Beavers‐Joseph condition has only a minor effect on the velocity of conduit flow (such that the nonslip condition on the conduit wall still works pretty well), and the boundary layer is so thin that the wall can still be treated as the interface between fast water in the conduit and slow water in the media. The solution indicates that the velocity of conduit flow is the superposition of the velocity profile in the nonslip situation onto the slip velocity on the wall. Our study theoretically shows that the coupled continuum pipe flow model in MODFLOW‐2005 constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey is reasonable in that there is no need to consider the Beavers‐Joseph condition when simulating flow in karst conduits. The role of the boundary layer in transport and its effect on the hyporheic zone is not clear, which is a suitable topic for future study.
Water Quality and Land Use Changes in the Alafia and Hillsborough River Watersheds, Florida, USA1
Authors: Khare Yogesh P. , Martinez Christopher J. , Toor Gurpal S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Spatial distribution of land use can have a substantial effect on surface and groundwater quality. Our objective was to test for trends in flow components and water quality related to changes in land use in the Alafia and Hillsborough River watersheds in Florida, USA, over the period 1974‐2007. In addition, water quality statistics were evaluated in the perspective of numeric water quality criteria and proposed reclassification of segments of the Alafia River. Trends in 10 water quality parameters and three discharge variables were evaluated using a nonparametric trend detection test. Results of land use analysis indicated substantial urbanization and loss of agricultural land in the study area. Discharge variables did not exhibit significant trends, whereas trends in the majority of water quality concentrations were negative or nonsignificant with total nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen as exceptions showing positive trends. Changes in nutrient pathways could not be clearly identified. Considering recently promulgated numeric nutrient criteria and standards for dissolved fluoride, much of the Alafia River was found to be out of compliance. While there were land use changes and changes in water quality over the study period, it was difficult to identify a direct cause‐effect relationship. Responses to regulatory efforts, such as the Clean Water Act and improvements in phosphate mining practices, may have had greater impacts on water quality than changes in land use.
Simultaneous estimation of inflow and channel roughness using 2D hydraulic model and particle filters
Authors: Kim Y. , Tachikawa Y. , Shiiba M. , Kim S. , Yorozu K. , Noh S.J.
Published: September 2012

The Sequential Importance Resampling method is introduced to a two dimensional hydraulic model to estimate inflow and Manning roughness coefficient (Manning's n) simultaneously. The equifinality problem between the Manning's n and the inflow is considered using the proposed method. To solve the problem, we introduce the variance reduction factor and the correction factor in the perturbation step of the proposed method. The perturbed inflow and Manning's n were updated according to the observed water stage with state variables. The result of the proposed method shows good agreement with the observed discharge, which enabled us to estimate the Manning's n and inflow discharge at the same time considering the uncertainties of the existing rating curve. Finally, it showed that the methodology not only estimates the appropriate Manning's n but also improves the existing rating curve.
Prediction of surface and subsurface flow in catchments using the GIUH
Authors: Sabzevari T. , Fattahi M.H. , Mohammadpour R. , Noroozpour S.
Published: September 2012

Flood estimation in ungauged catchments is one of the important points in designing hydraulic structures. In this paper, the geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) model previously suggested by Lee and Chang to estimate the surface and subsurface hydrographs of catchments was extended. To improve the model, a new equation was presented based on the Dunne–Black mechanism for separating the overland into saturated and unsaturated zones. Two new factors, soil thickness and rainfall recharge rate, were taken into account in calculations of the saturation zone length, and the travel times of surface and subsurface flows. The effect of saturation upon subsurface flow travel time was regarded in the GIUH model. The convolution equation for the estimation of the direct run‐off hydrograph (DRH) was improved according to the response of subsurface flow to rainfall recharge, and the response of surface flow to excess rainfall. The final model was employed to predict the surface and subsurface flows in the Kasilian catchment. The performance of the GIUH was found to be more effective, as reflected in lower root mean square error (1.24 m3/s) and relative mean absolute error (0.07). The average error was 8.78% to estimate the flood peak. In general, the efficiency of the model in the estimation of DRH was assessed as proper.
Are periurban areas key places to mitigate urban inundations?
Authors: Radojevic B. , Breil P. , Chocat B.
Published: September 2012

This paper presents a study that aims to evaluate the impact of periurban development on the flood regime of a small river crossing a densely urbanised area, the city of Lyon (France). This research was conducted on the catchment of the Yzeron River in western Lyon. Statistical tests showed that both flood frequency and severity have increased in this catchment, between two distinct periods: the 1970s and the 1990s. Evaluation of the specific impact of urban development on the flood regimes requires the paying of attention to all possible contributing factors. For that purpose, we used a diachronic approach, with hydrologic and land‐use data from the two periods. We used these data to calibrate a distributed hydrologic model and then to simulate the urban, periurban, and rural hydrologic contributions in the past but also in the future. We also compare the floodable vulnerability amount with the flood hazard increase between the two periods to assess what components mainly affect the flood risk during this land‐use evolution. Finally, the basin scale efficiency of a generalised on‐site rainwater retention technique is evaluated to know how that technique could contribute to mitigate flood risk.
A broad scale model for flood simulation in the Taihu Basin, China
Authors: Wicks J.M. , Hu C. , Scott M. , Chen L. , Cheng X.
Published: September 2012

Planning for the long‐term management of flooding should be underpinned by credible evidence of current and future flood risk. Simulation of flood extents and depths is a key component of the evidence base of flood risk analysis, but flood modelling can be a time‐consuming activity. For scenario analysis studies, such as that undertaken on the Taihu Basin in China, the potentially extensive computational and staff time demands of standard flood modelling are compounded by the need for simulations of multiple futures over large areas. In this paper, we describe how a credible flood simulation method was selected and implemented for the Taihu Basin within the challenging data, resource and programme constraints. The lessons learned from the study are described and generalised to help inform modelling components of other studies, particularly broad scale analysis for flood risk management planning.
Long‐ and short‐term inpatients with schizophrenia in China: Implications for community‐based service development
Authors: Wu Guowei , Ouyang Xuan , Yang Bo , Li Li , Wang Zheng , Yi Wenying , Liu Chang , Wang Peng , Chiu Helen F.K. , Lee Edwin , Xue Zhimin , Rosenheck Robert , Liu Zhening
Published: September 2012

Introduction

There is an increasing interest in the patterns of mental health care of people with serious mental illnesses in China, where outpatient and community‐based care are not fully developed and long‐term hospitalization is still not uncommon. Comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of long‐term and short‐term inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia can be informative about pattern of treatment and their relationship to services needs.

Methods

Seventy‐three long‐term schizophrenia inpatients (current length of stay of more than 5 years) were compared to 116 short‐term schizophrenia inpatients (current length of stay of 30 days or less) assessed with the Individual Background Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS).

Results

There was no significant difference between the groups on the total PANSS symptom score but the short‐term inpatients scored significantly higher than their long‐term counterparts on the Positive Syndrome sub‐scale and the SSRS and lower on the Negative Syndrome sub‐scale.

Discussion

Differences in symptomatology and social functioning may be related to better medication adherence and more extended social isolation among long‐term inpatients while the increased positive symptoms are likely to reflect more acute disease process in short‐term inpatients, and possibly poorer medication adherence. These differences may be especially pronounced in developing countries like China in which community‐based services need to be more fully developed to facilitate medication adherence and prevent relapse, and to support community adjustment of socially isolated patients who otherwise require hospitalization.
Laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency
Authors: REMACHA ANGEL F. , SARDÁ M. PILAR , FERNÁNDEZ M. CRISTINA , MURGA M. JOSÉ
Published: September 2012

Worldwide, iron deficiency (ID) is the leading risk factor for disability and mortality, affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. ID results from any situation in which dietary iron intake does not balance iron demands because of increased iron requirements, limited external supply and/or increased blood loss. In absolute ID, ferritin stores are progressively diminished; the supply of iron to transferrin is compromised, and as a consequence transferrin saturation is decreased. In functional ID (FID), iron stores cannot be mobilized as fast as necessary from the repleted macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system to the bone marrow. This condition is typical of the anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) because of inflammation‐induced increased hepcidin levels. Both absolute and functional ID may evolve to ID anemia (IDA). The diagnosis of ACD + IDA remains challenging. In addition to a soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin ratio > 2, there are several important hematological indices that may help in the diagnosis of absolute ID in ACD, such as the reticulocyte hemoglobin content and the percentage of hypochromic red blood cells. In this paper we review the causes of ID, the different laboratory tests available and how to combine them to establish a correct diagnosis of ID, FID, IDA, ACD and ACD + IDA.
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae: A Brief Review and a Canadian Perspective
Authors: Wood H. , Artsob H.
Published: September 2012

Spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR) are infections caused by established and emerging human pathogens worldwide. These rickettsial agents are transmitted to humans via arthropods and may result in mild to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Spotted fever group rickettsioses are characterized by similar clinical features, including fever, rash, headache and myalgias, with the development of an inoculation eschar in many, but not all cases. Endemic rickettsial infections do occur but are infrequent in Canada, in contrast to the United States, where these infections are far more prevalent. Travel‐associated rickettsioses, however, are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in Canadian travellers returning from international trips abroad, in particular in travellers returning from Africa. The diagnosis of rickettsial infections can be challenging owing to the non‐specific nature of the clinical symptoms and the requirement for specialized testing. Serology cannot distinguish between the approximately 20 spotted fever group rickettsial species currently known or suspected to be capable of causing human infection. Molecular testing is required to determine the rickettsial species responsible for infection, but requires greater effort on the part of the clinician to collect appropriate samples, including cutaneous skin swabs from under the eschar or skin punch biopsies of the eschar or rash. Infections with spotted fever group rickettsiae likely occur more commonly than currently recognized and should be considered in patients with appropriate symptoms and exposure histories.
Factors Associated with Suicide Ideation in Severely Obese Bariatric Surgery‐Seeking Individuals
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , Fettich Karla C. , Tierney Megan , Cummings Hakeemah , Berona Johnny , Weissman Jessica , Ward Amanda , Christensen Kara , Southward Matthew , Gordon Kathryn H. , Mitchell James , Coccaro Emil
Published: September 2012

There are high rates of suicide ideation and/or behavior in severely obese individuals. The potential contributors to suicide ideation in a sample of 334 severely obese bariatric surgery candidates was explored. Lack of college education, a history of suicide ideation and/or behavior, psychological distress, hopelessness, loneliness, history of physical and/or sexual abuse, and lifetime major depression were associated with current suicide ideation. Some of the correlates of suicide ideation in severely obese bariatric surgery‐seeking samples are similar to those found in the general community and this knowledge may serve to improve the psychological assessment and care for this group.
THE DETONATING FIREBALL OF 1956 FEBRUARY 12*
Authors: Russell John A.
Published: September 2012

This paper describes the orbit, size, brightness, and sounds of a meteor that appeared over Southern California on 1956 February 12, at 1h 7m 40s P.S.T. Parabolic elements were computed that indicate that the meteorite overtook the Earth in a direct orbit of low inclination. The luminous envelope was found to have a diameter of at least 0.1 mile. Finally, factors favoring the possible recovery of fragments are discussed.
A RECENT MACRO‐SPICULAR RECOVERY FROM THE GLORIETA, NEW MEXICO, FALL (CN = 1058,356)*
Authors: LaPaz Lincoln
Published: September 2012

This note gives an account of the discovery, and a description of the characteristics, of an unusual sword‐shaped specimen of the Glorieta sideritic fall, found on January 19, 1954, near Canoncito, New Mexico.
A New Iron Meteorite from Webster County, Missouri
Authors: READ WILLIAM F.
Published: September 2012

An iron meteorite weighing approximately 57 pounds was plowed up near Seymour, Webster County, Missouri, about 1940. The importance of the find was not recognized until the fall of 1963, when a small piece was sent to Harvard University. Externally the meteorite is irregular, showing no evidence of oriented flight. Structurally, it is a coarse octahedrite containing conspicuous large nodules of troilite, which are rimmed with schreibersite.
Characterization of the carrier-mediated transport of ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in rabbit corneal epithelium cells
Authors: Fujii Shinobu , Hayashi Hideki , Itoh Kunihiko , Yamada Shizuo , Deguchi Yoshiharu , Kawazu Kouichi
Published: September 2012

Objectives

Using rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs), the transport of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) [3H]ketoprofen across the cornea was investigated with the aim of revealing the mechanism of uptake.

Methods

[3H]Ketoprofen transport was evaluated by measuring the permeability across the RCECs layers.

Key findings

[3H]Ketoprofen uptake was time, temperature and pH dependent. Maximal uptake occurred from a solution with a pH of 5.25. Uptake was also reduced by metabolic inhibitors (sodium azide and dinitrophenol (DNP)) and proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitors (carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC)). [3H]Ketoprofen uptake was significantly inhibited by various monocarboxylates and other NSAIDs and by MCT and/or organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitors probenecid and p-aminohippurate, but was unaffected by organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors bromosulfophthalein and taurocholate. The specific uptake of [3H]ketoprofen was saturable. Eadie–Hofstee plots indicated the involvement of high- and low-affinity components. The Km and Vmax values for the high- and low-affinity components of [3H]ketoprofen uptake were 0.56 and 24 mm, and 0.37 and 61 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. Benzoic acid, a substrate and inhibitor of MCTs, selectively inhibited low-affinity [3H]ketoprofen uptake. Conversely, indometacin inhibited high-affinity [3H]ketoprofen uptake.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the monocarboxylate transport system partly accounts for the low-affinity component of [3H]ketoprofen uptake, and that the carrier-mediated transport systems such as the OAT family, shared by NSAIDs account for the high-affinity component.
Efficacy of vitamin E in the conservative treatment of Peyronie's disease: legend or reality? A controlled study of 70 cases
Authors: Paulis G. , Brancato T. , D'Ascenzo R. , De Giorgio G. , Nupieri P. , Orsolini G. , Alvaro R.
Published: September 2012

The medical treatment is indicated in the development stage of Peyronie's disease (PD) for at least 1 year after diagnosis and whenever in case of penile pain. This research was conducted to demonstrate the possible effectiveness of vitamin E in PD treatment, whereas in the scientific literature this topic is much discussed. A total of 70 patients (age:26–69 years, mean: 54.1 ± 9.71) diagnosed with PD were enrolled in a conservative treatment. In addition to medical histories and physical examinations all patients underwent the following tests: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, penile ultrasound and photographic documentation, pain evaluation by a conventional 10‐point pain scale Visual analogue pain scale (VAS). All 70 patients were divided into two different treatment groups: A and B, with different combinations of drugs: A = vitamin E + verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + blueberries + propolis + topical diclofenac; B = verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + blueberries + propolis + topical diclofenac. All patients were treated for 6 months after which they underwent the same follow‐up tests as performed prior to the treatment. Intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences: in the vitamin E group the effective plaque size reduction was −50.2% whereas in the control group the reduction was −35.8% (p = 0.027). In group A the improvement of curvature occurred in 96.6% of the cases whereas in the control group B this occurred in 48.4% (p = 0.0001), moreover, the mean curvature decrease was respectively −12.25° and −6.73° (p = 0.01). IIEF score was significantly improved in group A patients with comorbidities and erectile dysfunction (p = 0.025). Increase in plaque size occurred only in the control group (17.1%) (p = 0.032). We can affirm that vitamin E can help to prevent the progression of PD. This study strongly supports the recommendation that the best approach for treating PD is multimodal therapy.
Day‐to‐day physical functioning and disability in obese 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds
Authors: Tsiros M. D. , Buckley J. D. , Howe P. R. C. , Olds T. , Walkley J. , Taylor L. , Mallows R. , Hills A. P. , Kagawa M. , Coates A. M.
Published: September 2012

What is already known about this subject?

Compared with their healthy‐weight peers, children with obesity have;

impaired physical health‐related quality of life

reduced physical activity levels

reduced capacity to perform certain weight‐bearing tasks in field‐based fitness tests

What this study adds?

First investigation of obesity‐related disability in children using the International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health framework for Children and Youth.

Obesity in children appears to be associated with disability impacting basic locomotor skills and physical health‐related quality of life.

Children's participation in key life areas related to physical functioning appears to be minimally impacted by obesity.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is related to impaired day‐to‐day physical functioning and disability in children.

Methods

An observational case–control study was conducted in three Australian states. Obese (n = 107) and healthy‐weight (n = 132) 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds (132 male, 107 female) were recruited via media advertisements. Assessment of body composition (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry), locomotor capacity (six‐minute walk test [6MWT], timed up and down stairs test [TUDS] and timed up and go [TUG]) and child‐reported physical health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were undertaken. Participants wore an accelerometer for 8 days and completed two use‐of‐time telephone interviews to assess participation in key life areas.

Results

Compared with their healthy‐weight counterparts, obese children had lower physical HRQoL scores (P < 0.01) and reduced locomotor capacity (TUDS z‐score, TUG and 6MWT; P < 0.01). Higher percent body fat was significantly related to lower physical HRQoL scores (r = −0.48, P < 0.01), slower performance times for the TUDS and TUG (r = 0.59 and 0.26 respectively, P < 0.01), shorter 6MWT distances (r = −0.51, P < 0.01) and reduced time spent in community participation activities (r = −0.23, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

As anticipated, obesity appears to undermine physical functioning in children, including the capacity to perform basic locomotor skills yet, unexpectedly, participation in key life areas related to physical functioning appeared largely unaffected.
The Retailer's Perspective on the Link Between Logistical Resources and Perceived Customer Loyalty to Manufacturer Brands
Authors: Tokman Mert , Richey R. Glenn , Deitz George D. , Adams Frank G.
Published: September 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between logistics and brand‐related resources, and assess their impact on the retailer's perceptions of customer loyalty to manufacturer brands. On the basis of theoretical underpinnings of the resource‐based view, this study explores the relationships among four main variables: (1) variety of collaborative logistics technologies shared between retailers and manufacturers, (2) manufacturer's logistics operations quality provided to retailers, (3) retailer's brand differentiation orientation, and (4) retailer's perceptions of customers loyalty to manufacturer brands. An online survey was conducted on 313 senior marketing and supply chain managers from retailer firms. The results of the structural equation analysis support a mediated relationship between logistical resources and perceived loyalty to manufacturer brands. The retailers believe that shared logistics technologies enable manufacturers and retailers to offer higher levels of availability and visibility of preferred brands to their end‐user customers. In turn, the end‐users become more confident with their decisions to repurchase the same brand offerings.
The Roles of Procedural and Distributive Justice in Logistics Outsourcing Relationships
Authors: Hofer Adriana Rossiter , Knemeyer A. Michael , Murphy Paul R.
Published: September 2012

In this paper, the effects of two dimensions of justice—procedural and distributive—on key attitudinal and behavioral elements of logistics outsourcing relationships are investigated. The findings suggest that the fairness of policies adopted by a third‐party logistics provider (3PL) and respective outcomes nurtures a customer's trust in and long‐term orientation toward the relationship with a 3PL. In such a relationship climate, patterns of cooperative behavior take place, providing an incentive for a 3PL to proactively pursue operational improvements.
Logistics Performance, Customer Satisfaction, and Share of Business: A Comparison of Primary and Secondary Suppliers
Authors: Leuschner Rudolf , Lambert Douglas M. , Knemeyer A. Michael
Published: September 2012

The linkage between logistics performance and overall firm performance has received attention in the literature for more than 30 years. However, researchers have not investigated if differences in performance between primary and secondary suppliers affect customer satisfaction and the percentage of business allocated to suppliers. In this research, primary suppliers received more than four times as much business as the secondary suppliers. We investigated the impact of the Marketing Mix on customer satisfaction and share of business for primary suppliers and secondary suppliers, and identified differences between the two groups, using multigroup structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceived performance on logistics attributes significantly affects customer satisfaction and the percentage of business that is allocated to primary and secondary suppliers, which is key information for developing competitive strategies. Our research findings challenge the practice of providing service levels to customers based on current revenue or profitability which does little to convince customers, who are using a company as secondary source, to make it the primary supplier.
What Skills Are Needed to be a Humanitarian Logistician?
Authors: Kovács Gyöngyi , Tatham Peter , Larson Paul D.
Published: September 2012

Logistic skills are of importance for employment and career development, and prior research has highlighted differences in skill requirements for different logistics functions as well as for different groups of logisticians. However, the continuing incidence of natural disasters and complex emergencies and their associated challenges including the requirement to build relationships with diverse stakeholders, has increased the demand for humanitarian logisticians—but there is, as yet, little understanding of which skills are important in this context. This article develops a conceptual framework for skills in the field of humanitarian logistics, and evaluates the framework through a content analysis of job advertisements with a special focus on the 2010 Haiti earthquake. This analysis concludes that humanitarian logisticians need a broad spectrum of functional skills (such as procurement, and warehouse and transport management) that must often be held in some depth. In addition, however, humanitarian logisticians need “contextual” skills that reflect their particular field of employment (such as security management and a comprehensive knowledge of donor regulations). It is suggested that such contextual skills are likely to feature in other areas of logistic employment, and that further research to identify these would lead to improvements in training and education programs.
Novel cerebrospinal fluid and serum autoantibody targets for clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Rouwette Myrthe , Somers Klaartje , Govarts Cindy , De Deyn Peter P. , Hupperts Raymond , Van Wijmeersch Bart , De Jong Brigit A. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Van Pesch Vincent , Sindic Christian , Villar Luisa M. , Álvarez‐Cermeño José C. , Stinissen Piet , Somers Veerle
Published: September 2012

Limited information is available on the identity of antigens targeted by antibodies present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The aim of this study was to identify novel antigens for CIS and investigate their prognostic potential to predict conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS). We applied serological antigen selection (SAS) to identify antigens interacting with antibodies present in the pooled CSF from four CIS patients, who developed MS. Antibody reactivity towards CIS antigens identified by SAS was tested in CSF and serum from patients with CIS (n = 123/n = 108), MS (n = 65/n = 44), and other (inflammatory) neurological diseases (n = 75/n = 38) as well as in healthy control sera (n = 44). Using SAS, a panel of six novel CIS candidate antigens was identified. CSF antibody reactivity was detected in both CIS and relapsing‐remitting (RR) MS. Serum reactivity was significantly increased in CIS and RR‐MS as compared with controls (p = 0.03). For two antigens, the frequency of antibody‐positive patients was higher in CIS patients who converted to MS as compared with CIS patients without conversion. We identified novel CIS antigens to which antibody reactivity was primarily detected in CIS and RR‐MS as compared to controls. Possible prognostic potential could be demonstrated for two antigens.
Pharmacological or genetic blockade of the dopamine D3 receptor increases cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult mice
Authors: Egeland Martin , Zhang Xiaoqun , Millan Mark J. , Mocaer Elisabeth , Svenningsson Per
Published: September 2012

Dopamine plays an important role in cellular processes controlling the functional and structural plasticity of neurons, as well as their generation and proliferation, both in the developing and the adult brain. The precise roles of individual dopamine receptors subtypes in adult neurogenesis remain poorly defined, although D3 receptors are known to be involved in neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. By contrast, very few studies have addressed the influence of dopamine and D3 receptors upon neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, an issue addressed herein employing constitutive D3 receptor knockout mice, or chronic exposure to the preferential D3 receptor antagonist, S33138. D3 receptor knockout mice revealed increased baseline levels of cell proliferation and ongoing neurogenesis, as measured both using Ki‐67 and doublecortin, whereas there was no difference in cell survival as measured by BrdU (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine). Chronic administration of S33138 was shown to be functionally active in enhancing levels of the plasticity‐related molecule, delta‐FosB, in the D3 receptor‐rich nucleus accumbens. In accordance with the stimulated neurogenesis seen in D3 receptor knockout mice, S33138 increased proliferation in wild‐type mice. These observations suggest that D3 receptors exert a tonic, constitutive inhibitory influence upon adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Differences in maturation of the jaw‐opening reflex between rats that received early‐and late‐masticatory stimulation
Authors: Changsiripun C. , Yabushita T. , Soma K.
Published: September 2012

The jaw‐opening reflex (JOR) plays an important role in the regulation of jaw movement during mastication. Previous study showed that altered masticatory function during growth impedes JOR maturation and thus may affect masticatory performance in adults. However, no studies have compared the benefit of early and delayed correction in terms of functional development. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that early‐stimulation of masticatory function during growth can promote JOR maturation better than late‐stimulation during adulthood. Soon after weaning, 120 female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed either solid (control group) or liquid (experimental group) diets. The experimental group was further divided into early‐, late‐, and non‐stimulation subgroups. Early‐ and late‐stimulation groups were fed a solid diet instead of a liquid diet at 5‐ and 11‐week‐old, respectively, whereas non‐stimulation group was fed only a liquid diet until the end of the experiment. At 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 weeks, JOR recordings were conducted in anaesthetised rats of all groups. Latency and peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the JOR were compared between the groups. From 7 to 13 weeks, early‐stimulation group showed a JOR with short latency and high amplitude similar to that of control group. In contrast, late‐ and non‐stimulation groups showed significantly longer latency and smaller amplitude of the JOR than in control group. We demonstrated that early masticatory stimulation within the critical period for programming mastication may have greater potential to restore JOR maturation to values close to those in normal adults.
Electromyographic assessment of jaw muscles in patients with All‐on‐Four fixed implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Dellavia C. , Francetti L. , Rosati R. , Corbella S. , Ferrario V. F. , Sforza C.
Published: September 2012

This study evaluated the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of masticatory muscles in patients with fixed implant‐supported prostheses according to All‐on‐Four® principles and in control healthy dentate subjects. Twenty‐six subjects aged 50–74 years were examined. Eighteen were edentulous and had been successfully rehabilitated with (i) mandibular All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported fixed prostheses and maxillary complete dentures (10 patients) and (ii) mandibular and maxillary All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported fixed prostheses (eight patients). Eight reference subjects had natural dentition. Surface EMG recordings of the masseter and temporalis muscles were performed during maximum voluntary teeth clenching and during unilateral gum chewing. All values were standardised as percentage of a maximum clenching on cotton rolls. During clenching, a good global neuromuscular equilibrium was found in all participants. During chewing, all groups had similar values of working‐side muscle activities and of chewing frequency. No significant differences in the analysed EMG parameters were found between the patients with mandibular and maxillary All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported prostheses and the reference subjects. In contrast, standardised pooled muscle activities and standardised muscular activities per cycle were larger in patients with a maxillary removable prosthesis than in control subjects (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0·01). Also, patients wearing a complete maxillary denture showed a poor neuromuscular coordination with altered muscular pattern and lower values of the index of masticatory symmetry than dentate control subjects (P < 0·01). EMG outcomes suggest that All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported prostheses may be considered a functionally efficient treatment option for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with reduced residual bone volume.
Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, clinical evaluation of Aloe vera Barbadensis, applied in combination with a tongue protector to treat burning mouth syndrome
Authors: López‐Jornet Pia , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Molino‐Pagan Diana
Published: September 2012

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aloe vera (AV) applied in combination with a tongue protector, comparing this with a placebo.

Methods

A total of 75 patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) were divided into three groups randomly: Group I (tongue protector three times a day), Group II (tongue protector and 0.5 ml AV at 70% three times a day) and Group III (tongue protector and 0.5 ml placebo three times a day). Symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), while patient psychological profiles were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety‐Depression scale and their quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP‐49). Treatment continued for 3 months.

Results

Visual analogue scale pain values improved for all three study groups but without statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0.210). Regarding quality of life, no significant differences were found between groups with the exception of the OHIP‐49 score for handicap. The overall clinical improvement was greater for Group II, with a difference almost reaching significance.

Conclusions

The concomitant prescription of tongue protector and AV is effective for treating patients with BMS.
Detection and Identification of Group 16SrVI Phytoplasma in Willows in China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhengnan , Du Chao , Fu Zhaohui , Wu Yunfeng
Published: September 2012

In 2010 and 2011, willow proliferation disease was observed in Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China. The phytoplasma‐specific 16S rRNA gene fragment of 1.2 kb was amplified by a nested PCR with universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R2. Phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analyses revealed that the phytoplasma associated with willow proliferation was a member of subgroup 16SrVI‐A. The field survey indicated that the incidence of willow proliferation in Erdos was approximately 36.84%. To our knowledge, this is the first record of group 16SrVI phytoplasma infecting willow in China.
Surface sensing and lateral subcellular localization of WspA, the receptor in a chemosensory‐like system leading to c‐di‐GMP production
Authors: O'Connor Jennifer R. , Kuwada Nathan J. , Huangyutitham Varisa , Wiggins Paul A. , Harwood Caroline S.
Published: September 2012

Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to growth on agar surfaces to produce cyclic‐di‐GMP, which stimulates biofilm formation. This is mediated by an alternative cellular function chemotaxis‐like system called Wsp. The receptor protein WspA, is bioinformatically indistinguishable from methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins. However, unlike standard chemoreceptors, WspA does not form stable clusters at cell poles. Rather, it forms dynamic clusters at both polar and lateral subcellular locations. To begin to study the mechanism of Wsp signal transduction in response to surfaces, we carried out a structure–function study of WspA and found that its C‐terminus is important for its lateral subcellular localization and function. When this region was replaced with that of a chemoreceptor for amino acids, WspA became polarly localized. In addition, introduction of mutations in the C‐terminal region of WspA that rendered this protein able to form more stable receptor–receptor interactions, also resulted in a WspA protein that was less capable of activating signal transduction. Receptor chimeras with a WspA C‐terminus and N‐terminal periplasmic domains from chemoreceptors that sense amino acids or malate responded to surfaces to produce c‐di‐GMP. Thus, the amino acid sequence of the WspA periplasmic region did not need to be conserved for the Wsp system to respond to surfaces.
Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Čelar A , Freudenthaler J , Crismani A , Graf A
Published: September 2012

Čelar A., Freudenthaler J., Crismani A., Graf A. Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals  Orthod Craniofac Res 2013; 16:28–35. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Structured Abstract

Objectives –  To determine the difference between guided and unguided mandibular reference positions assessed by articulator simulation.

Setting and Sample Population –  This study was carried out at the Division of Orthodontics at Vienna Medical University. The sample population consisted of 19 men and 18 women aged 23–32 years and without temporomandibular disorder.

Materials and Methods –  Three examiners used bimanual operator guidance and unguided mandibular stationary hinging at final jaw closure before occlusal contact and made occlusal wax recordings. The examiners repeated both techniques after 8 and 17 days on the same subjects. Condylar positions were assessed using articulator‐mounted casts and a three‐dimensional electronic condylar position indicator.

Results –  Bimanual guidance positioned the condylar spheres, on average, 0.1 mm more right and 0.6 mm more posterior and superior to unguided hinging (p < 0.04). The repeatability of bimanual guidance by three operators and on 3 days resulted in inter‐repetition standard deviations ranging from 0.19 to 0.4 mm and from 0.41 to 0.76 mm for unguided hinging. The highest fraction of the total variance came from the individuals, followed by days, then intra‐operator and interoperator variability. Both methods showed considerable overlap of condylar sphere positions at the 95% confidence level.

Conclusion –  Within the limits of an articulator study, the spatial variability of condylar sphere positions suggested a statistically but not clinically relevant methodological difference between bimanual guidance and unguided stationary hinging.
Contrasting surface active faults and deep seismogenic sources unveiled by the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence (Italy)
Authors: Bigi Sabina , Casero Piero , Chiarabba Claudio , Di Bucci Daniela
Published: September 2012

Terra Nova, 25, 21–29, 2013

How reliably can a seismogenic fault be identified in complex tectonic settings such as the Italian Apennines? The aftershocks of the Mw 6.3, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake developed both on the primary seismogenic fault and on a northwestern, adjacent segment. Here, the active Gorzano normal fault is exposed, and many seismogenic models are based on it. Compared with the tectonic setting, however, the 2009 aftershock sequence shows that the deep seismogenic fault does not correspond with the exposed fault plane. The latter flattens at a depth of ∼4 km, and is totally hosted within a 6–7 km‐thick thrust sheet. The 2009 earthquake sequence, instead, depicts an independent fault in a deeper thrust sheet. The Gorzano fault is kinematically reactivated only at the hangingwall of the deeper fault. In complex tectonic settings, seismogenic faults can be properly characterized only through the joint analysis of many independent geological and geophysical data.
Communication gaps for solid organ transplant‐transmitted infections among infectious disease physicians: an Emerging Infections Network survey
Authors: Miller R.A. , Burdette S.D. , Levi M. , Beekmann S.E. , Polgreen P.M. , Kuehnert M.J.
Published: September 2012

Infectious disease (ID) physicians were surveyed concerning knowledge and management of potential transplant‐transmitted infections (TTIs). On the basis of cumulative responses to 4 questions that assessed solid organ transplant‐related clinical exposures and experience, respondents were divided into 3 groups: most, some, or little transplant experience. Rapid access to donor data was identified as the most important factor when evaluating a potential TTI. Despite varying experience in transplant infections, ID physicians are frequently asked for opinions regarding donor suitability and TTI management. Improved ID physician access to donor information and educational resources will allow more optimal management of potential TTIs.
Investigation of HIV‐1 Assembly and Release Using Modern Fluorescence Imaging Techniques
Authors: Chojnacki Jakub , Müller Barbara
Published: September 2012

The replication of HIV‐1, like that of all viruses, is intimately connected with cellular structures and pathways. For many years, bulk biochemical and cell biological methods were the main approaches employed to investigate interactions between HIV‐1 and its host cell. However, during the past decade advancements in fluorescence imaging technologies opened new possibilities for the direct visualization of individual steps occurring throughout the viral replication cycle. Electron microscopy (EM) methods, which have traditionally been employed for the study of viruses, are complemented by fluorescence microscopy (FM) techniques that allow us to follow the dynamics of virus–cell interaction. Subdiffraction fluorescence microscopy, as well as correlative EM/FM approaches, are narrowing the fundamental gap between the high structural resolution provided by EM and the high temporal resolution and throughput accomplished by FM. The application of modern microscopy to the study of HIV‐1–host cell interactions has provided insights into the biology of the virus which could not easily, or not at all, have been gained by other methods. Here, we review how modern fluorescence imaging techniques enhanced our knowledge of the dynamic and structural changes involved in HIV‐1 particle formation.