bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Comprehensive Communication Skills Curriculum for Pediatrics Residents
Authors: Peterson Eleanor B. , Boland Kimberly A. , Bryant Kristina A. , McKinley Tara F. , Porter Melissa B. , Potter Katherine E. , Calhoun Aaron W.
Published: October 2016

Background 

Effective communication is an essential element of medical care and a priority of medical education. Specific interventions to teach communication skills are at the discretion of individual residency programs.

Objective 

We developed the Resident Communication Skills Curriculum (RCSC), a formal curriculum designed to teach trainees the communication skills essential for high-quality practice.

Methods 

A multidisciplinary working group contributed to the development of the RCSC, guided by an institutional needs assessment, literature review, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies. The result was a cohesive curriculum that incorporates didactic, role play, and real-life experiences over the course of the entire training period. Methods to assess curricular outcomes included self-reporting, surveys, and periodic faculty evaluations of the residents.

Results 

Curricular components have been highly rated by residents (3.95–3.97 based on a 4-point Likert scale), and residents' self-reported communication skills demonstrated an improvement over the course of residency in the domains of requesting a consultation, providing effective handoffs, handling conflict, and having difficult conversations (intern median 3.0, graduate median 4.0 based on a 5-point Likert scale, P ≤ .002). Faculty evaluations of residents have also demonstrated improvement over time (intern median 3.0, graduate median 4.5 based on a 5-point Likert scale, P < .001).

Conclusions 

A comprehensive, integrated communication skills curriculum for pediatrics residents was implemented, with a multistep evaluative process showing improvement in skills over the course of the residency program. Positive resident evaluations and informal comments from faculty support its general acceptance. The use of existing resources makes this curriculum feasible.
Perceptions on the Impact of a Just-in-Time Room on Trainees and Supervising Physicians in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Thomas Anita A. , Uspal Neil G. , Oron Assaf P. , Klein Eileen J.
Published: October 2016

Background 

Just-in-time (JIT) training refers to education occurring immediately prior to clinical encounters. An in situ JIT room in a pediatric emergency department (ED) was created for procedural education.

Objective 

We examined trainee self-reported JIT room use, its impact on trainee self-perception of procedural competence/confidence, and the effect its usage has on the need for intervention by supervising physicians during procedures.

Methods 

Cross-sectional survey study of a convenience sample of residents rotating through the ED and supervising pediatric emergency medicine physicians. Outcomes included JIT room use, trainee procedural confidence, and frequency of supervisor intervention during procedures.

Results 

Thirty-one of 32 supervising physicians (97%) and 122 of 186 residents (66%) completed the survey, with 71% of trainees reporting improved confidence, and 68% reporting improved procedural skills (P < .05, +1.4-point average skills improvement on a 5-point Likert scale). Trainees perceived no difference among supervising physicians intervening in procedures with or without JIT room use (P = .30, paired difference −0.0 points). Nearly all supervisors reported improved trainee procedural confidence, and 77% reported improved trainee procedural skills after JIT room use (P < .05, paired difference +1.8 points); 58% of supervisors stated they intervene in procedures without trainee JIT room use, compared with 42% with JIT room use (P < .05, paired difference −0.4 points).

Conclusions 

Use of the JIT room led to improved trainee confidence and supervisor reports of less procedural intervention. Although it carries financial and time costs, an in situ JIT room may be important for convenient JIT training.
Feasibility of a Comprehensive Wellness and Suicide Prevention Program: A Decade of Caring for Physicians in Training and Practice
Authors: Ey Sydney , Moffit Mary , Kinzie J. Mark , Brunett Patrick H.
Published: October 2016

Background 

Comprehensive treatment models reduce distress and suicide risk in military, university, and community populations, but are not well studied with in medical trainees and physicians in practice. Physicians face unique internal and external barriers that limit access to psychological or psychiatric treatment, which may contribute to higher rates of burnout, depression, and suicide.

Objective 

Our goal is to report on the feasibility and utilization of a wellness and suicide prevention program for residents, fellows, and faculty in an academic health center.

Methods 

The program provides individual counseling, psychiatric evaluation, and wellness workshops for residents/fellows (N = 906) and faculty (N = 1400). Demand for services is demonstrated by the participation rate of eligible trainees. Acceptability within the target population is examined in a 2011 survey in which trainees (N = 116, 97% participation) and program directors (N = 23, 88% participation) rated their satisfaction. Start-up costs and funding sources to sustain a wellness program are outlined.

Results 

Over 10 years, utilization of services grew from 5% in the program's first year (2004–2005) to a high of 25% of eligible trainees for 2013–2014, and faculty utilization grew to 6% to 8% for 2014–2015. Trainees and program directors reported a high level of satisfaction with this wellness program. Funding for clinic space and clinical staff is provided by the hospital via the graduate medical education budget.

Conclusions 

Increased utilization over 10 years, high satisfaction, and consistent institutional support suggest that this comprehensive model of care is feasible and valued.
Identification of dust sources and hotspots in East Asia during 2000–2015: implications for numerical modeling and forecasting
Authors: Zhang Xuelei , Tong Daniel Q. , Wu Guangjian , Wang Xin , Xiu Aijun , Han Yongxiang , Xu Tianli , Zhang Shichun , Zhao Hongmei
Published: October 2016

Abstract. More detailed knowledge regarding recent variations in the characteristics of East Asian dust events and dust sources can effectively improve regional dust modeling and forecasts. Here we reassess the accuracy of previous predictions of trends in dust variations in East Asia, and establish a relatively detailed inventory of dust events based on satellite observations from 2000 to 2015. More than 2000 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images of 462 sand and dust storm events over East Asia were collected and analyzed, and individual events were tracked back to their sources through a combination of color RGB images, brightness temperature difference, and trajectory simulations using the HYSPLIT model. Decreased dust event frequency in spring but increased frequencies in summer and autumn were observed. Of the identified dust emission sources, sandy lands and lake beds, rather than the sandy and stone deserts, were found to be the dominant dust sources. Dust hotspots in East Asia are mainly dry lake and river beds and alluvial fans. Recent changes in land use associated with anthropogenic activities (mining and excessive exploitation of water resources) are revealed as one of the major factors leading to an expansion of dust source regions, especially for the northeastern part of Taklimakan desert. Trajectory analysis also shows that dust can even be transported northwards by the Mongolia Cyclone, to the Far East region and even the Arctic Circle, potentially affecting the climate and ecosystem of the Arctic region. Recent physically-based dynamic approaches adopted in dust models reduce the reliance on empirical source functions in dust modeling; however, the validity of down-scaling these schemes to regional scale needs to be further verified with "ground-truth" information as reported here.
Causes of interannual variability of tropospheric ozone over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Liu Junhua , Rodriguez Jose M. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Douglass Anne R. , Logan Jennifer A. , Olsen Mark , Wargan Krzysztof , Ziemke Jerald
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We examine the relative contribution of processes controlling the interannual variability (IAV) of tropospheric ozone over four sub-regions of the southern hemispheric tropospheric ozone maximum (SHTOM) over a twenty-year period. Our study is based on hindcast simulations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modeling Initiative – Chemistry transport model (NASA GMI-CTM) of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, driven by assimilated Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields. Our analysis shows that over SHTOM region, the IAV of the stratospheric contribution is the most important factor driving the IAV of upper tropospheric ozone (270 hPa), where ozone has a strong radiative effect. Over the south Atlantic region, the contribution from surface emissions to the IAV of ozone exceeds that from stratospheric input at and below 430 hPa. Over the south Indian Ocean, the IAV of stratospheric ozone makes the largest contribution to the IAV of ozone with little or no influence from surface emissions at 270 hPa and 430 hPa in austral winter. Over the tropical south Atlantic region, the contribution from IAV of stratospheric input dominates in austral winter at 270 hPa and drops to less than half but is still significant at 430 hPa. Emission contributions are not significant at these two levels, even during September. The IAV of lightning over this region also contributes to the IAV of ozone in September and December. Over the tropical southeastern Pacific, the contribution of the IAV of stratospheric input is significant at 270 hPa and 430 hPa in austral winter, and emissions have little influence.
Evaluation of Single- and Multiple-Doppler Lidar Techniques to Measure Complex Flow during the XPIA Field Campaign
Authors: Choukulkar Aditya , Brewer Alan , Sandberg Scott P. , Weickmann Ann , Bonin Timothy A. , Hardesty R. Michael , Lundquist Julie K. , Delgado Ruben , Iungo G. Valerio , Ashton Ryan , Debnath Mithu , Bianco Laura , Wilczak James M. , Oncley Steve , Wolfe Daniel
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Accurate three-dimensional information of wind flow fields can be an important tool in not only visualizing complex flow, but also understanding the underlying physical processes and improving flow modeling. However, a thorough analysis of the measurement uncertainties is required to properly interpret results. The XPIA (eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment) field campaign conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, CO from 2 March–31 May 2015 brought together a large suite of in-situ and remote sensing measurement platforms to evaluate complex flow measurement strategies. In this paper, measurement uncertainties for different single and multi-Doppler strategies are investigated. The tradeoffs (such as time/space resolution vs. spatial coverage) among the different measurement techniques are evaluated using co-located measurements made near the BAO tower. Sensitivity of the single/multi Doppler measurement uncertainties to averaging period are investigated using the sonic anemometers installed on the BAO tower as the standard reference. Finally, the radiometer measurements are used to partition the measurement periods as a function of atmospheric stability to determine their effect on measurement uncertainty. It was found that with increase in spatial coverage and measurement complexity, the uncertainty in the wind measurement also increased. For multi-Doppler techniques, the increase in uncertainty for temporally uncoordinated measurements is possibly due to requiring additional assumptions of stationarity and/or horizontal homogeneity. It was also found that wind speed measurement uncertainty was lower during stable conditions compared to unstable conditions.
Flower litters of alpine plants affect soil nitrogen and phosphorus rapidly
in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jinniu , Xu Bo , Wu Yan , Gao Jing , Shi Fusun
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Litters of reproductive organs have rarely been studied despite their role in allocating nutrients for offspring reproduction. This study determines the mechanism through which flower litters efficiently increase the available soil nutrient pool. Field experiments were conducted to collect plant litters and calculate biomass production in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. C, N, P, lignin, cellulose content, and their relevant ratios of litters were analyzed to identify their decomposition features. A pot experiment was performed to determine the effects of litter addition on the soil nutrition pool by comparing the treated and control samples. The litter-bag method was used to verify decomposition rates. The flower litters of phanerophyte plants were comparable with non-flower litters. Biomass partitioning of other herbaceous species accounted for 10–40 % of the aboveground biomass. Flower litter possessed significantly higher N and P levels but less C ∕ N, N ∕ P, lignin ∕ N, and lignin and cellulose concentrations than leaf litter. The litter-bag experiment confirmed that the flower litters of Rhododendron przewalskii and Meconopsis integrifolia decompose approximately 3 times faster than mixed litters within 50 days. Pot experiment findings indicated that flower litter addition significantly increased the available nutrient pool and soil microbial productivity. The time of litter fall significantly influenced soil available N and P, and soil microbial biomass. Flower litters fed the soil nutrition pool and influenced nutrition cycling in alpine ecosystems more efficiently because of their non-ignorable production, faster decomposition rate, and higher nutrient contents compared with non-flower litters. The underlying mechanism can enrich nutrients, which return to the soil, and non-structural carbohydrates, which feed and enhance the transitions of soil microorganisms.
Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef
regions
Authors: Yates Kimberly K. , Zawada David G. , Smiley Nathan A. , Tiling-Range Ginger
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for 5 coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic, Pacific and Caribbean over the last several decades. Regional-scale mean elevation and volume losses were observed at all 5 study sites and in 78 % of the 59 individual habitats that we examined across all study sites. We estimate that 12 % to 65 % of seafloor elevation loss may be attributed to reduced carbonate production, bioerosion and carbonate dissolution and 35 % to 88 % may be attributed to physical erosion and export of sediment from these systems. Erosion of both coral-dominated substrate and non-coral substrate suggests that the current rate of carbonate production is no longer sufficient to support net accretion of coral reefs or adjacent habitats. We show that regional-scale loss of seafloor elevation and volume has accelerated the rate of relative sea level rise in these regions. Current water depths have increased to levels not predicted until near the year 2100, placing these ecosystems and nearby communities at elevated and accelerating risk to coastal hazards. Our results set a new baseline for projecting future impacts to coastal communities resulting from degradation of coral reef systems and associated losses of natural and socio-economic resources.
GMMIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: Global Monsoons Model Inter-comparison
Project
Authors: Zhou Tianjun , Turner Andrew G. , Kinter James L. , Wang Bin , Qian Yun , Chen Xiaolong , Wu Bo , Wang Bin , Liu Bo , Zou Liwei , He Bian
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Global Monsoons Model Inter-comparison Project (GMMIP) has been endorsed by the panel of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) as one of the participating model inter-comparison projects (MIPs) in the sixth phase of CMIP (CMIP6). The focus of GMMIP is on monsoon climatology, variability, prediction and projection, which is relevant to four of the “Grand Challenges” proposed by the World Climate Research Programme. At present, 21 international modeling groups are committed to joining GMMIP. This overview paper introduces the motivation behind GMMIP and the scientific questions it intends to answer. Three tiers of experiments, of decreasing priority, are designed to examine (a) model skill in simulating the climatology and interannual-to-multidecadal variability of global monsoons forced by the sea surface temperature during historical climate period; (b) the roles of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in driving variations of the global and regional monsoons; and (c) the effects of large orographic terrain on the establishment of the monsoons. The outputs of the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments (DECK), “historical” simulation and endorsed MIPs will also be used in the diagnostic analysis of GMMIP to give a comprehensive understanding of the roles played by different external forcings, potential improvements in the simulation of monsoon rainfall at high resolution and reproducibility at decadal timescales. The implementation of GMMIP will improve our understanding of the fundamental physics of changes in the global and regional monsoons over the past 140 years and ultimately benefit monsoons prediction and projection in the current century.
Optimising seasonal streamflow forecast lead time for operational decision making in Australia
Authors: Schepen Andrew , Zhao Tongtiegang , Wang Q. J. , Zhou Senlin , Feikema Paul
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Statistical seasonal forecasts of 3-month streamflow totals are released in Australia by the Bureau of Meteorology and updated on a monthly basis. The forecasts are often released in the second week of the forecast period, due to the onerous forecast production process. The current service relies on models built using data for complete calendar months, meaning the forecast production process cannot begin until the first day of the forecast period. Somehow, the bureau needs to transition to a service that provides forecasts before the beginning of the forecast period; timelier forecast release will become critical as sub-seasonal (monthly) forecasts are developed. Increasing the forecast lead time to one month ahead is not considered a viable option for Australian catchments that typically lack any predictability associated with snowmelt. The bureau's forecasts are built around Bayesian joint probability models that have antecedent streamflow, rainfall and climate indices as predictors. In this study, we adapt the modelling approach so that forecasts have any number of days of lead time. Daily streamflow and sea surface temperatures are used to develop predictors based on 28-day sliding windows. Forecasts are produced for 23 forecast locations with 0–14- and 21-day lead time. The forecasts are assessed in terms of continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) skill score and reliability metrics. CRPS skill scores, on average, reduce monotonically with increase in days of lead time, although both positive and negative differences are observed. Considering only skilful forecast locations, CRPS skill scores at 7-day lead time are reduced on average by 4 percentage points, with differences largely contained within +5 to −15 percentage points. A flexible forecasting system that allows for any number of days of lead time could benefit Australian seasonal streamflow forecast users by allowing more time for forecasts to be disseminated, comprehended and made use of prior to the commencement of a forecast season. The system would allow for forecasts to be updated if necessary.
Aggregation effects on tritium-based mean transit times and young
water fractions in spatially heterogeneous catchments and
groundwater systems, and implications for past and future
applications of tritium
Authors: Stewart Michael K. , Morgenstern Uwe , Gusyev Maksym A. , Maloszewski Piotr
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Applications of simple lumped parameter models to describe aspects of hydrological systems rest on assumptions of homogeneity that are rarely valid. The lumped parameters are supposed to represent the quantities within the system as well as those of the overall system, but such quantities will obviously vary greatly from place to place within heterogeneous systems. Less appreciated is the fact that aggregation errors will affect overall system parameters as well. Kirchner (2016a) recently demonstrated that aggregation errors due to heterogeneity in catchments could cause severe underestimation of the mean transit times (MTTs) of water travelling through catchments when simple lumped parameter models were applied to interpret seasonal tracer cycles. Here we examine the effects of such errors on the MTTs and young water fractions estimated using tritium concentrations. We find that MTTs derived from tritium concentrations in streamflow are just as susceptible to aggregation bias as those from seasonal tracer cycles. Likewise, groundwater wells or springs fed by two or more water sources with different MTTs will also show aggregation bias. However, the transit times over which the biases are manifested are very different; for seasonal tracer cycles it is 2–3 months up to about 5 years, while for tritium concentrations it is 6–12 years up to about 200 years. We also find that young water fractions derived from tritium are almost immune to aggregation errors as were those derived from seasonal tracer cycles. To investigate the implications of these findings for past and future use of tritium for estimating MTTs in catchments and groundwater systems, we examined case studies from the literature in which simple and more complicated lumped parameter models had been used. We find that MTT aggregation errors are small when either component waters are young (less than 6–12 years, as found in many catchments), or component waters have similar MTTs to each other. On the other hand, aggregation errors are large when very young water components are mixed with old components. In general, well-chosen compound lumped parameter models should be used as they will eliminate potential aggregation errors due to the application of simple lumped parameter models. The choice of a suitable lumped parameter model can be assisted by matching simulations to time series of tritium measurements (underlining the value of long series of tritium measurements), but such results should also be finally validated to ensure that the parameters found by modelling correspond to reality.
Characterization of post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds
Authors: Saxe Samuel , Hogue Terri S. , Hay Lauren
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States. Information on fire events and watershed characteristics were collected through federal and state-level databases and streamflow data were collected from U.S. Geological Survey stream gages. Eighty two watersheds were identified with at least ten years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and five years of continuous post-fire daily flow records. For each watershed, percent change in annual runoff ratio, low-flows, high-flows, peak flows, number of zero flow days, baseflow index, and Richards-Baker flashiness index were calculated using pre- and post-fire periods. The gathered watersheds were divided into nine regions or clusters through k-means clustering and regression models were produced for watersheds grouped by total area burned. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine the accuracy of the resulting models. Results show that low flows, high flows, and peak flows increase significantly in the first two years following a wildfire and decrease over time. Relative response was utilized to scale response variables with respective percent area of watershed burned in order to compare regional differences in watershed response. Watersheds in Cluster 9 (eastern CA, western NV, OR) typically demonstrate a negative relative post-fire response, in that when scaling response to area burned, a slight negative response is observed in flow regimes. Most other watersheds show a positive mean relative response. In addition, regression models show limited correlation between percent watershed burned and streamflow response, implying that other watershed factors strongly influence response.
On retrieving sea ice freeboard from ICESat laser altimeter
Authors: Khvorostovsky Kirill , Rampal Pierre
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Sea ice freeboard derived from satellite altimetry is the basis for the estimation of sea ice thickness using the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. High accuracy of altimeter measurements and freeboard retrieval procedure are, therefore, required. As of today, two approaches for estimating the freeboard using laser altimeter measurements from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), referred to as tie points (TP) and lowest-level elevation (LLE) methods, have been developed and applied in different studies. We reproduced these methods for the ICESat observation periods (2003–2008) in order to assess and analyse the sources of differences found in the retrieved freeboard and corresponding thickness estimates of the Arctic sea ice as produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Three main factors are found to affect the freeboard differences when applying these methods: (a) the approach used for calculation of the local sea surface references in leads (TP or LLE methods), (b) the along-track averaging scales used for this calculation, and (c) the corrections for lead width relative to the ICESat footprint and for snow depth accumulated in refrozen leads. The LLE method with 100 km averaging scale, as used to produce the GSFC data set, and the LLE method with a shorter averaging scale of 25 km both give larger freeboard estimates comparing to those derived by applying the TP method with 25 km averaging scale as used for the JPL product. Two factors, (a) and (b), contribute to the freeboard differences in approximately equal proportions, and their combined effect is, on average, about 6–7 cm. The effect of using different methods varies spatially: the LLE method tends to give lower freeboards (by up to 15 cm) over the thick multiyear ice and higher freeboards (by up to 10 cm) over first-year ice and the thin part of multiyear ice; the higher freeboards dominate. We show that the freeboard underestimation over most of these thinner parts of sea ice can be reduced to less than 2 cm when using the improved TP method proposed in this paper. The corrections for snow depth in leads and lead width, (c), are applied only for the JPL product and increase the freeboard estimates by about 7 cm on average. Thus, different approaches to calculating sea surface references and different along-track averaging scales from one side and the freeboard corrections as applied when producing the JPL data set from the other side roughly compensate each other with respect to freeboard estimation. Therefore, one may conclude that the difference in the mean sea ice thickness between the JPL and GSFC data sets reported in previous studies should be attributed mostly to different parameters used in the freeboard-to-thickness conversion.
Clase social y privación material entre los inmigrantes de países pobres en Cataluña
Authors: Sarasa Urdiola Sebastià , Navarro Varas Lara , Porcel Sergio
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo pretende analizar las desigualdades existentes entre losinmigrantes provenientes de países pobres y la población autóctona enrelación al riesgo de padecer privación material. Asumiendo que,aunque buena parte de este riesgo es inherente a la clase social, hayfactores asociados al perfil migratorio que comportan un aumento dedicho riesgo. El trabajo se ha realizado implementando unacombinación de análisis factoriales y de clasificación para identificarperfiles de privación material y un análisis logístico multinomial paraexplorar qué factores sociodemográficos están más asociados a cadatipo de estos. Los resultados confirman que la clase social es un factormuy poderoso para explicar la privación material de los inmigrantesprocedentes de países pobres, pero no es el único.
Cultura organizacional y fusiones transnacionales: una aproximación al caso Maersk Sealand
Authors: Vallejo Peña Francisco Alberto
Published: October 2016

Dentro de la amplia tradición de estudios sobre fusiones empresariales enel ámbito de la sociología de las organizaciones, la literatura ha prestadoparticular atención a la influencia de las culturas organizacionales de lasempresas implicadas en tales procesos, así como a su origen nacional. Lapresente investigación aborda la adquisición de Sealand (Estados Unidos)por parte de Maersk (Dinamarca) en base a un estudio de caso de suterminal en Algeciras. Ambas plantillas viven un complejo proceso deintegración en los primeros años 2000. La indagación sobre los factoresque condicionan el choque cultural experimentado conduce a unarevisión de sus culturas organizacionales y nacionales, así como a susrepercusiones en el proceso posfusión. Los resultados obtenidos apuntana que ciertas diferencias en organización, estilo directivo y concepción delas relaciones laborales han dificultado la integración de ambos colectivos.
Dinero y matrimonio: elecciones de pareja y sus predictores
Authors: Coelho Lina , Ferreira Valente Alexandra
Published: October 2016

Las modalidades de gestión del dinero en las parejas del sur europeohan recibido una atención limitada. Este estudio emplea un análisis deregresión para evaluar los sistemas de asignación de las parejasportuguesas y sus predictores. La muestra comprende 3.331 hogaresde Portugal con al menos una pareja heterosexual. Los sistemas deasignación de las parejas fueron clasificados según la tipología de Pahl.Los resultados confirman los verificados anteriormente con relación a laprevalencia de la gestión conjunta y a los predictores de lasmodalidades de gestión. Se presentaron algunas particularidades: lasdecisiones tomadas en las familias multigeneracionales ampliadas omúltiples favorecen la gestión conjunta parcial. Las característicasdistintivas de los hogares de las sociedades del sur europeas juegan unpapel en la asignación intrafamiliar de recursos.
Segregación ocupacional por género y nacionalidad en el mercado laboral español
Authors: Aldaz Odriozola Leire , Eguía Peña Begoña
Published: October 2016

Esta investigación analiza la segregación ocupacional para el mercadode trabajo español entre los años 1999 y 2011 desde una dobleperspectiva, utilizando los microdatos de la Encuesta de PoblaciónActiva. Primero, realiza un estudio unidimensional y considera lasegregación por género y la segregación por nacionalidad de formaaislada. Segundo, efectúa un estudio bidimensional que consideraconjuntamente ambas manifestaciones de segregación. El estudiorevela que la nacionalidad es una variable relevante en la explicación dela evolución de la segregación por género. Además, muestra que lostrabajadores inmigrantes manifiestan una tendencia creciente en sucontribución a la segregación, siendo las mujeres inmigrantes elcolectivo con mayor grado de vulnerabilidad en el mercado laboral.
Crisis económica y sentimiento antinmigrante: el caso de Andalucía
Authors: Rinken Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Este artículo proporciona tres razones conexas por las que percepcionesde competencia grupal no deben confundirse con hostilidad hacia laspersonas de procedencia extranjera. Primero, se argumenta queconcepciones expansivas del prejuicio acaban desdibujando el análisisde las actitudes en materia migratoria. Segundo, se observan trayectoriasdispares de competencia grupal percibida, por un lado, y animosidadantinmigrante, por otro. Tercero, se identifican varios factores quedisminuyen el sentimiento antinmigrante, pese a circunstanciaseconómicas desalentadoras y al margen de competencia grupalpercibida. El estudio demuestra que las actitudes hacia el colectivoinmigrante no dependen sin más de hechos e intereses económicos, sinode un complejo entramado de predisposiciones y percepciones.
La nueva frontera de la desigualdad digital: la brecha participativa
Authors: Robles Morales José Manuel , Antino Mirko , De Marco Stefano , Lobera Serrano Josep A.
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo estudiamos la relación entre participación digital ybrecha participativa. Mientras que la participación digital hacereferencia al uso de Internet por parte de los ciudadanos para producirbienes culturales que son posteriormente compartidos a escala global–,la brecha participativa se define como el conjunto de desigualdadesque genera una distribución irregular de estos usos creativos deInternet. Se examina la brecha participativa desde un enfoquecuantitativo, prestando especial atención al análisis de la brechaparticipativa política. Concluimos que las desigualdades clásicas quecaracterizaban a la brecha digital se trasladan a este nuevo entornotecnológico. Sin embargo las consecuencias socialmente negativas dela brecha participativa exceden a las de su antecesora.
Timed Strategy for Control of Bollworm for Sustainable Sorghum Crop Yield under Varied Regimes of Rainfall, Temperature and Soil Fertility
Authors: Mutisya Daniel L , Khamala Canute PM , Konyango Jacob JO , Kamau Clement K , Matolo Lawrence K
Published: October 2016

Various environmental factors influence yield of sorghum grain, Sorghum bicolor (L) in Sub-Sahara Africa. Various production conditions of rainfall amount, temperature regimes, soil fertility levels and bollworm Helicoverpa armigera density at specific sorghum grain stage were evaluated for effect to sorghum grain yield. High rainfall amount, high temperature and soil fertility levels were positively correlated to sorghum grain yield at three test sites at Ithookwe, Katumani and Kampi of eastern Kenya. The warmest Kampi site achieved the highest seed viability on germination test at 43, 87 and 99% for grain stage of light-green, cream-dough and hard dough, respectively. High H. armigera density was inversely correlated to grain yield. Comparatively, yield loss of < 10% was observed when grain was at early soft dough and > 35% as the grain ripened to early hard dough stage. Thus initial H. armigera damage occurred at late soft dough stage and increased exponentially as the grain ripened to early hard dough stage. The right time to spray against H. armigera was determined as at soft dough stage of sorghum grain to prevent economic damage of the crop. Thus fertility level, rainfall amount and time of bollworm pest attack were deemed worth considerations towards sustainable yield of sorghum. 
Modeling For Valuing Knowledge as Perceived by Business Managers Using Statistical Tools
Authors: Muhammad Syed-ul Haque  , Irfan Anjum Manarvi  , Memoona R. Khan  , Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui  , Shameel Ahmed Zubairi
Published: October 2016

Knowledge is a valuable asset as it brings success and sustainability to the organizations. Till recently, the value of an organization is determined from its financial statements. These statements are historical in nature and contain the book value of physical assets, hence do not depict the true worth of an organization. The future revenue/profit from the organization depends upon its capability to make best use of its assets. This depends on the quality of knowledge an organization possess and its capability to use that knowledge asset. Therefore, knowledge is the most important asset in an organization. However there is no financial statement or business document that shows the volume and value of knowledge present in the organization. Hence, it is critical to determine the value of knowledge to ascertain true worth of an organization.This research study attempts to present factors that influence the value of knowledge during its life cycle. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaire instrument was used to get subsequent data from 521 business managers working in various industries. The collected data was subjected to various statistical tools to evaluate the factors and their hypothesis. The twenty two factors identified initially were first analyzed for their verification and authenticity. Later each item was regrouped through the Rotated Component Matrix analysis – first order for meaningful set of factors. Based on the result of second order Rotated Component Matrix analysis, all the newly identified factors were finally grouped into two groups of factors that influences the value of knowledge. These groups were: ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’. The integration of ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’ factors forms the Knowledge Value Wheel (KVW) that helps in defining the “Knowledge Value Line” (KVL). The KVL depicts the value of knowledge at any given time. The KVL and KVW combines to form the “Knowledge Value Life Cycle” (KVLC).The findings will help further research in the area of knowledge management. Managers would be able to differentiate most valuable and useful knowledge asset for effective management. Need for further R&D on critical knowledge can be identified. It would also be beneficial to the investors in determining the true worth of an organization in terms of its knowledge asset.
Determination of Sugar Content in Commercial Fruit Juices by Refractometric, Volumetric and Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Buiarelli Francesca , Filippo Patrizia Di , Pomata Donatella , Riccardi Carmela , Rago Daniela
Published: October 2016

In this paper several approaches are discussed for the direct analysis of the main sugars in different fruit juices. Refractometry, thin layer chromatography, volumetric analysis and high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector were tested and the results compared, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Whereas the first method gives generically indications on the whole content of sugar and it doesn’t require any prior manipulation of the sample, thin layer chromatography is useful only for qualitative purpose, on the other hand the third method, after removal of interferences, makes possible the determination of the reducing and not reducing sugar, and the last one allows the qualitative and quantitative determination of the saccharides singularly. It’s very important to have not only knowledge about the chemical analysis of carbohydrates and their physicochemical properties, but especially how the methods can be used in product development for benefit of the public.
Necheminės piktžolių kontrolės sistemų įtaka ekologinio cukrinių runkelių pasėlio piktžolėtumui
Authors: Eimutytė Edita , Adamavičienė Aida , Pupalienė Rita , Oksas Mantas , Kimbirauskienė Rasa , Čekanauskas Sigitas , Romaneckas Kęstutis
Published: October 2016

Tyrimai atlikti 2015 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Eksperimento dirvožemis  –  dulkiško lengvo priemolio giliau glėjiškas pasotintasis palvažemis (PLb-g4). Tyrimų tikslas  –  įvertinti necheminės piktžolių kontrolės sistemų įtaką cukrinių runkelių pasėlio piktžolėtumui ekologinės žemdirbystės sąlygomis. Tirtos tvarios necheminės piktžolių kontrolės sistemos: • tarpueilių purenimas (kontrolinis-palyginamasis variantas) (P); • tarpueilių išpjovimas ir mulčiavimas piktžolėmis (IM); • tarpueilių išpjovimas ir mulčiavimas įsėtais persiniais dobilais (PD); • tarpueilių išpjovimas ir mulčiavimas įsėtomis baltosiomis garstyčiomis (BG); • tarpueilių išpjovimas ir mulčiavimas įsėtais vasariniais miežiais (VM); • tarpueilių garinimas karštais vandens garais (VG). 2015 m. sausomis augalų vystymosi sąlygomis cukriniai runkeliai prastai konkuravo su piktžolėmis, todėl ir alternatyvios piktžolių kontrolės sistemos nebuvo efektyvios. Kontrolinio varianto laukeliuose piktžolių skaičius ir biomasė dažniausiai buvo mažesni nei kitų variantų laukeliuose. Per cukrinių runkelių vegetaciją kontroliniuose laukeliuose piktžolės sukaupė 121,71 g m–2 sausosios biomasės, kai kitų variantų laukeliuose – iki 2–3 kartų daugiau. Kiek mažiau sausosios biomasės piktžolės sukaupė tarpueilius mulčiavus vasariniais miežiais – iki 179,18 g m–2. Didžiausią sausosios biomasės kiekį cukrinių runkelių tarpueiliuose išaugino vasariniai miežiai – 338,96 g m–2, todėl jais padengtuose cukrinių runkelių tarpueiliuose buvo mažiausia piktžolių.
Organinių mulčių poveikis dirvožemio savybėms
Authors: Jodaugienė Darija , Sinkevičienė Aušra , Adamavičienė Aida , Steponavičienė Vaida , Munikienė Jurgita
Published: October 2016

Tyrimai atlikti 2011–2012  m. Prienų rajone, Būčkiemio kaime, Jurgitos Munikienės ūkyje (54°42’N, 24°2’E). Tyrimo tikslas  –  įvertinti organinių mulčių įtaką dirvožemio fizikinėms (šlyties pasipriešinimui, drėgmei, temperatūrai) ir agrocheminėms (pH, judriajam fosforui ir kaliui, suminiam azotui) savybėms. Eksperimento dirvožemis – karbonatingas giliau glėjiškas išplautžemis (Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol) (Buivydaitė ir kt., 2001). Granuliometrinė sudėtis – drenuotas vidutinio sunkumo priemolis ant priesmėlio paklotu moreniniu moliu. 2011 m. auginti burokėliai, o 2012 m. – bulvės. Eksperimento variantai: 1) nemulčiuota, 2) smulkinti žieminių kviečių šiaudai, 3) pjuvenos, 4) smulkinta žolė. Šiaudų, pjuvenų ir žolės mulčias uždėtas 7 cm storio sluoksniu. Apskaitinio laukelio ilgis – 3,5 m, plotis – 2,0 m. Variantai pakartojimuose išdėstyti rendomizuotai. Eksperimentas vykdytas 4 pakartojimais. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad dirvos paviršių mulčiuojant pjuvenų ir šiaudų mulčiais dirvos temperatūra ir šlyties pasipriešinimas mažėjo, o drėgmės atsargos didėjo, palyginti su nemulčiuota dirva. Organiniai mulčiai neturėjo esminės įtakos judriojo fosforo ir judriojo kalio kiekiui dirvoje, tačiau paskleistas žolės mulčias didino suminio azoto kiekį. Koreliacinės regresinės analizės duomenimis, nustatytas stiprus statistiškai patikimas koreliacinis priklausomumas tarp kalio kiekio dirvožemyje ir bulvių derlingumo. Didėjant kalio kiekiui didėjo ir bulvių gumbų derlingumas.
Egzogeninio prolino poveikis žaliosios šerytės (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) atsparumui sausrai
Authors: Vainorienė Rimanta , Burbulis Natalija , Blinstrubienė Aušra , Jonytienė Vaida
Published: October 2016

Tyrimai atlikti Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Jungtinių tyrimų cent­ro (ASU JTC) Agrobiotechnologijos laboratorijoje. Tirtas egzogeninio prolino poveikis fotosintezės parametrų (maksimalus kvantų našumas, efektyvus kvantų našumas, nefotocheminis gesinimas ir fotocheminis gesinimas), tirpiųjų sacharidų ir endogeninio prolino pokyčių dinamikai žaliosios šerytės augaluose sausros sąlygomis. Sausros sąlygos sudarytos augalams esant 13 fenologinėje fazėje (pagal BBCH skalę), juos auginant programuojamoje auginimo kameroje. Nustatyta, kad sausros sąlygos skatino endogeninio prolino ir tirpiųjų sacharidų kaupimąsi žaliosios šerytės augaluose, tačiau mažino maksimalų ir efektyvų kvantų našumus bei didino nefotocheminį ir fotocheminį gesinimą. Maksimalaus kvantų našumo ir endogeninio prolino kiekio padidėjimas bei fotocheminio gesinimo sumažėjimas 15 ir 30 mM dėl egzogeninio prolino koncentracijų poveikio didino žaliosios šerytės atsparumą sausrai. Purškimas per lapus 45 mM egzogeninio prolino koncentracija inhibavo žaliosios šerytės fotosintezės sistemos veiklą sausros sąlygomis.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy Among Endoscopy-Assisted Radio-Frequency Ablation, Extracorporeal Shockwaves, and Eccentric Exercises in Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinosis
Authors: Wei Min , Liu Yujie , Li Zhongli , Wang Zhigang
Published: October 2016

Background:

We sought to compare clinical efficacy among endoscopy-assisted radio-frequency ablation under local anesthesia, extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWs), and eccentric exercises in treating insertional Achilles tendinosis.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, 78 patients diagnosed as having unilateral insertional Achilles tendinosis were enrolled. These participants underwent endoscopy-assisted radio-frequency ablation, ESWs, and eccentric calf muscle exercises between March 1, 2006, and February 28, 2011. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot scale, and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) scale before and after treatment.

Results:

Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS, AOFAS ankle/hindfoot scale, and VISA-A scale scores among the different groups (all P > .05). For the endoscopy and ESW groups, VAS, AOFAS ankle/hindfoot scale, and VISA-A scale scores were significantly improved after 18 months of treatment (all P < .05). The VAS, AOFAS ankle/hindfoot scale, and VISA-A scale scores in the endoscopy group were significantly higher than those in the ESW and eccentric exercise groups after 18 months of therapy (all P < .05).

Conclusions:

Combined with synovectomy and tendon debridement, endoscopy-assisted radio-frequency ablation yields better clinical efficacy compared with ESWs in treating insertional Achilles tendinosis.
High Prevalence of Achilles Tendon Enthesopathic Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Ursini Francesco , Arturi Franco , D'Angelo Salvatore , Amara Lewa , Nicolosi Kassandra , Russo Emilio , Naty Saverio , Bruno Caterina , De Sarro Giovambattista , Olivieri Ignazio , Grembiale Rosa Daniela
Published: October 2016

Background:

Metabolic disorders are known to alter the mechanical properties of tendons. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic Achilles tendon enthesopathic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without peripheral neuropathy.

Methods:

We recruited 43 patients with T2DM and 40 controls. Neuropathy was excluded with the Michigan Neuropathy Scoring Instrument. Bilateral ultrasonography of the Achilles tendon enthesis was performed.

Results:

Patients with T2DM had a higher prevalence of hypoechogenicity (26.7% versus 2.5%; P = .0001), entheseal thickening (24.4% versus 8.7%; P = .007), and enthesophytes (74.4% versus 57.5%; P = .02). No differences were found in the number of patients with erosions (1.2% versus 0%; P > .99), cortical irregularities (11.6% versus 3.7%; P = .09), bursitis (5.8% versus 3.7%; P = .72), or tears (2.3% versus 1.2%; P > .99). The mean ± SD sum of abnormalities was higher in patients with T2DM (1.5 ± 1.1 versus 0.7 ± 0.6; P < .0001), as was the percentage of bilateral involvement (72.1% versus 45.0%; P = .01). Mean ± SD thickness did not differ between patients and controls (4.4 ± 1.1 mm versus 4.2 ± 0.8 mm; P = .07).

Conclusions:

According to our data, there is an elevated prevalence of asymptomatic Achilles tendon enthesopathic changes in patients with T2DM independent of peripheral neuropathy.