bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoneutral Housing and a Western Diet Combination Exacerbates Dysferlin‐Deficient Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Donen Graham S. , White Zoe , Sauge Elodie , Ritso Morten , Theret Marine , Boyd John , Devlin Angela M. , Rossi Fabio M. V. , Bernatchez Pascal
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Aims

Most mouse models of muscular dystrophy (MD) show mild phenotypes, which limits the translatability of experimental therapies to patients. A growing body of evidence suggests that MD is accompanied by metabolic abnormalities that could potentially exacerbate the primary muscle wasting process. Since thermoneutral (TN) housing of mice (~30°C) has been shown to affect many metabolic parameters, particularly when combined with a Western diet (WD), our aim was to determine whether the combination of TN and WD exacerbates muscle wasting in dysferlin‐deficient BLAJ mice, a common model of limb‐girdle MD type 2b (LGMD2b).

Methods

The 2‐mo‐old wild‐type (WT) and BLAJ mice were housed at TN or room temperature (RT) and fed a WD or regular chow for 9 mo. Ambulatory function, muscle histology, and protein immunoblots of skeletal muscle were assessed.

Results

BLAJ mice at RT and fed a chow diet showed normal ambulation function similar to WT mice, whereas 90% of BLAJ mice under WD and TN combination showed ambulatory dysfunction (p < 0.001), and an up to 4.1‐fold increase in quadriceps and gastrocnemius fat infiltration. Western blotting revealed decreased autophagy marker microtubules‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐B (LC3BII/LC3BI) ratio and up‐regulation of protein kinase B/AKT and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, suggesting inefficient cellular debris and protein clearance in TN BLAJ mice fed a WD. Male and female BLAJ mice under TN and WD combination showed heterogenous fibro‐fatty infiltrate composition.

Discussion

TN and WD combination exacerbates rodent LGMD2b without affecting WT mice. This improves rodent modeling of human MD and helps elucidate how metabolic abnormalities may play a causal role in muscle wasting.
Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano‐silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aryan Hossein , Farahani Ramin Hamidi , Chamanara Mohsen , Elyasi Sepideh , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Haddad Mahboubeh , Sani Ashraf Tavanaee , Ardalan Mohamed Afshar , Mosaed Reza
Published: July 2022

Considering the outbreak pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the lack of effective therapeutic strategies for the management of this viral disease, and the increasing evidence on the antiviral potential of silymarin, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silymarin nanomicelles on the symptom's resolution time, laboratory parameters, and liver enzymes in patients with COVID‐19. The participants were assigned to the nano‐silymarin (n = 25) (receiving SinaLive soft gel, containing 70 mg silymarin as nanomicelles) or placebo groups (n = 25) three times daily for two weeks. Patients' symptoms and laboratory findings were assessed at baseline and during the follow‐up period (one week and one month after the beginning of the treatment). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of symptoms resolution time, laboratory parameters, and hospitalization duration (p > 0.05). However, the alanine aminotransferase level decreased significantly in the treatment group, compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Concomitant use of dexamethasone and remdesivir with silymarin might make the effects of silymarin on the improvement of patients' condition unclear. Further clinical trials are recommended with diverse dosages and larger sample sizes.
A Polysilicon Learning Curve and the Material Requirements for Broad Electrification with Photovoltaics by 2050
Authors: Hallam Brett , Kim Moonyong , Underwood Robert , Drury Storm , Wang Li , Dias Pablo
Published: July 2022

Herein, the current and future projected polysilicon demand for the photovoltaic (PV) industry toward broad electrification scenarios with 63.4 TW of PV installed by 2050 is studied. The current polysilicon demand by the PV industry in 2021 is equivalent to the consumption of 2.9–3.3 kt GW−1. Depending on the physical constraints determining the lower limit for future polysilicon consumption, the annual demand can be 6–7 Mt year−1 in 2050 under broad electrification, which requires 10–12 times more of the current production capacity. To achieve broad electrification by 2050, cumulative demand of 46–87 Mt is required. An electricity requirement for purification, ingot pulling, and wafering of ≈360–380 kWh kg−1 for silicon wafers and carbon intensity can lead to a cumulative amount of ≈16.4–58.8 Gt of CO2‐eq emissions by 2050. To reduce the environmental impact, efficiencies are increased, thinner wafers are used, kerf loss reduced, alternative purification methods with low emission intensities are explored, and opportunities for polysilicon production with decarbonized electricity are explored.
Lumbosacral MRI findings in two dogs diagnosed with a Neospora caninum infection
Authors: Clark Robert , Shaw Thomas , Sanchez Lluis
Published: July 2022

A 5‐month‐old, male, entire labrador retriever (case 1) and a 6‐year‐old, female, neutered greyhound (case 2) presented following chronic, progressive, non‐painful paraparesis in both cases with L4–Cd and L4–S1 neurolocalisation respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral region revealed multifocal muscular changes in both cases with patchy T2‐weighted and water‐weighted T2‐weighted Dixon hyperintensities, with moderate contrast enhancement throughout the gluteal and lumbar paraspinal muscles. Multifocal radiculoneuropathy in case 1 and meningomyelitis in case 2 were identified. Crucially, in case 1, the identification of abnormal muscles on magnetic resonance imaging allowed the diagnosis of neosporosis via polymerase chain reaction on targeted muscle biopsy when previously indirect fluorescent antibody test serology was inconclusive and polymerase chain reaction on lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was negative. These cases highlight the magnetic resonance imaging findings of canine lumbar neosporosis and offer an alternative route of diagnosis through targeted muscle biopsy.
Including the power regulation strategy in aerodynamic optimization of wind turbines for increased design freedom
Authors: Iori J. , McWilliam M.K. , Stolpe M.
Published: July 2022

In wind turbine optimization, the standard power regulation strategy follows a constrained trajectory based on the maximum power coefficient. It can be updated automatically during the optimization process by solving a nested maximization problem at each iteration. We argue that this model does not take advantage of the load alleviation potential of the regulation strategy and additionally requires significant computational effort. An alternative approach is proposed, where the rotational speed and pitch angle control points for the entire operation range are set as design variables, changing the problem formulation from nested to one‐level. The nested and one‐level formulations are theoretically and numerically compared on different aerodynamic blade design optimization problems for AEP maximization. The aerodynamics are calculated with a steady‐state blade element momentum method. The one‐level approach increases the design freedom of the problem and allows introducing a secondary objective in the design of the regulation strategy. Numerical results indicate that a standard regulation strategy can still emerge from a one‐level optimization. Second, we illustrate that novel optimal regulation strategies can emerge from the one‐level optimization approach. This is demonstrated by adding a thrust penalty term and a constraint on the maximum thrust. A region of minimal thrust tracking and a peak‐shaving strategy appear automatically in the optimal design.
Financial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on an academic otolaryngology department
Authors: Yver Christina M. , Chao Tiffany N. , Thaler Erica R. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Chalian Ara A. , Weinstein Gregory S. , O'Malley Bert W. , Cannady Steven B.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To quantify the financial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on an academic otolaryngology department.

Methods

A year‐over‐year comparison was used to compare department revenue from April 2020 and April 2021 as a percentage of baseline April 2019 activity.

Results

At the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in April 2020, total department charges decreased by 83.4%, of which outpatient clinic charges were affected to the greatest extent. One year into pandemic recovery, department charges remained down 6.7% from baseline, and outpatient clinic charges remained down 9.9%. The reduction in outpatient clinic charges was mostly driven by a decrease in in‐office procedure charges.

Conclusion

Given that precautions to mitigate the risk of viral transmission in the health care setting are likely to be long‐lived, it is important to consider the vulnerabilities of our specialty to mitigate financial losses going forward.
Femurkopfreduktionsosteotomie zur Verbesserung des femoroazetabulären Containments bei Morbus Perthes
Authors: Slongo Theddy , Ziebarth Kai
Published: July 2022

Operationsziel

Wiederherstellung der Hüftkongruenz und des Containments durch zentrale Hüftkopfresektion/Reduktion über eine erweiterte chirurgische Hüftluxation unter Erhaltung/Respektierung der Hüftkopfdurchblutung. Eine gleichzeitige oder spätere Reorientierung des Acetabulums durch Triple-Osteotomie oder PAO bei instabiler Hüfte kann in speziellen Fällen notwendig werden.

Indikationen

Die Indikation zur chirurgischen Hüftkopfreduktion ist praktisch unabhängig vom Alter bei jeglicher inkongruenten, asphärischen Hüftkopfsituation mit „hinged abduction“ (zu erwartende Endsituation wie Stulberg IV und V) gegeben. Dies kann noch bei aktivem wie auch bei bereits ausgeheiltem Morbus Perthes der Fall sein. Zudem kann bei einer Stulberg-V-Situation selbst im adulten Alter noch eine Verbesserung erziel werden. Nach Resektion muss noch ein tragfähiger Resthüftkopf vorhanden bleiben, d. h. mindestens noch 50 % des ausgeweiteten Hüftkopfes. Die dafür beste Planung erfolgt in der „vergleichenden“ 3‑D-Rekonstruktion.

Kontraindikationen

Völlig zerstörter Knorpel oder Hüftkopf.

Operationstechnik

Identisches Operationsvorgehen wie für die klassische chirurgische Hüftluxation. Präparation der retinakulären Flaps. Unter Respektierung und in Kenntnis der Gefäßversorgung Spaltung des Hüftkopfes gemäß dem zu entfernenden, nekrotischen Kopfanteil. Bildung eines möglichst sphärischen Hüftkopfes und Verschraubung der beiden Kopfanteile auf Schenkelhalsniveau. Distalisation und Fixierung des großen Trochanters. Je nach Kongruenz und Stabilität des Hüftkopfs in der Hüftpfanne kann eine primäre oder sekundäre Triple-OT oder PAO notwendig werden.

Weiterbehandlung

Die intraoperative Stabilität des Femurkopfes im Acetabulum muss erzielt worden sein, um eine beckengipsfreie, funktionelle Nachbehandlung zu gewährleisten: Stockentlastung mit Bodenkontakt ist erlaubt; keine aktive Rotation; Flexion aktiv und passiv bis 90 Grad ist erlaubt; vorerst keine spezifische Physiotherapie; je nach Heilungsverlauf sind diese Maßnahmen 8 bis 10 Wochen einzuhalten.

Ergebnisse

Gemäß unseren publizierten Nachuntersuchungen (aktuell 21 Jahre) sehen wir bei technisch korrekt durchgeführter Operation und korrekter Indikation sowie adäquater Nachbehandlung durchwegs gute Ergebnisse. Nekrosen des reduzierten Hüftkopfs haben wir nie beobachtet. Alle gespaltenen Hüftköpfe, respektive Schenkelhälse sind primär geheilt.
Analysis of historical selection in winter wheat
Authors: Yang Chin Jian , Ladejobi Olufunmilayo , Mott Richard , Powell Wayne , Mackay Ian
Published: July 2022

Key Message

Modeling of the distribution of allele frequency over year of variety release identifies major loci involved in historical breeding of winter wheat.

Winter wheat is a major crop with a rich selection history in the modern era of crop breeding. Genetic gains across economically important traits like yield have been well characterized and are the major force driving its production. Winter wheat is also an excellent model for analyzing historical genetic selection. As a proof of concept, we analyze two major collections of winter wheat varieties that were bred in Western Europe from 1916 to 2010, namely the Triticeae Genome (TG) and WAGTAIL panels, which include 333 and 403 varieties, respectively. We develop and apply a selection mapping approach, Regression of Alleles on Years (RALLY), in these panels, as well as in simulated populations. RALLY maps loci under sustained historical selection by using a simple logistic model to regress allele counts on years of variety release. To control for drift-induced allele frequency change, we develop a hybrid approach of genomic control and delta control. Within the TG panel, we identify 22 significant RALLY quantitative selection loci (QSLs) and estimate the local heritabilities for 12 traits across these QSLs. By correlating predicted marker effects with RALLY regression estimates, we show that alleles whose frequencies have increased over time are heavily biased toward conferring positive yield effect, but negative effects in flowering time, lodging, plant height and grain protein content. Altogether, our results (1) demonstrate the use of RALLY to identify selected genomic regions while controlling for drift, and (2) reveal key patterns in the historical selection in winter wheat and guide its future breeding.
Routine contrast-enhanced CT is insufficient for TNM-staging of duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Litjens G. , van Laarhoven C. J. H. M. , Prokop M. , van Geenen E. J. M. , Hermans J. J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Adequate TNM-staging is important to determine prognosis and treatment planning of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Although current guidelines advise contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for staging of duodenal adenocarcinoma, literature about diagnostic tests is sparse.

Methods

In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we analyzed the real life performance of routine CECT for TNM-staging and the assessment of resectability of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Intraoperative findings and pathological staging served as reference standard for resectability, T-, and N-staging. Biopsies, 18FDG-PET-CT, and follow-up were used as the reference standard for M-staging.

Results

Fifty-two consecutive patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma were included, 26 patients underwent resection. Half of the tumors were isodense to normal duodenum on CECT. The tumor was initially missed in 7/52 patients (13%) on CECT. The correct T-stage was assigned with CECT in 14/26 patients (54%), N-stage in 11/26 (42%), and the M-stage in 42/52 (81%). T-stage was underestimated in (27%). The sensitivity for detecting lymph node metastases was only 24%, specificity was 78%. Seventeen percent of patients had indeterminate liver or lung lesions on CECT. Surgery with curative intent was started in 32 patients, but six patients (19%) could not be resected due to unexpected local invasion or metastases.

Conclusion

Radiologists and clinicians have to be aware that routine CECT is insufficient for staging and determining resectability in patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma. CECT underestimates T-stage and N-stage, and M-stage is often unclear, resulting in futile surgery in 19% of patients. Alternative strategies are required to improve staging of duodenal adenocarcinoma. We propose to combine multiphase hypotonic duodenography CT with MRI.
Postoperative Chemotherapy is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Node‐Positive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ivey Gabriel D. , Shoucair Sami , Delitto Daniel J. , Habib Joseph R. , Kinny‐Köster Benedict , Shubert Christopher R. , Lafaro Kelly J. , Cameron John L. , Burns William R. , Burkhart Richard A. , Thompson Elizabeth L. , Narang Amol , Zheng Lei , Wolfgang Christopher L. , He Jin
Published: July 2022

Background

Postoperative chemotherapy following pancreatic cancer resection is the standard of care. The utility of postoperative chemotherapy for patients who receive neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is unclear.

Methods

Patients who underwent pancreatectomy after NAT with FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for non‐metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2015–2019) were identified. Patients who received less than 2 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or died within 90 days from surgery were excluded.

Results

A total of 427 patients (resectable, 22.2%; borderline resectable, 37.9%; locally advanced, 39.8%) were identified with the majority (69.3%) receiving neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. Median duration of NAT was 4.1 months. Following resection, postoperative chemotherapy was associated with an improved median overall survival (OS) (28.7 vs. 20.4 months, P = 0.006). Risk‐adjusted multivariable modeling showed negative nodal status (N0), favorable pathologic response (College of American Pathologists score 0 & 1), and receipt of postoperative chemotherapy to be independent predictors of improved OS. Regimen, duration, and number of cycles of NAT were not significant predictors. Thirty‐four percent (60/176) of node‐positive and 50.1% (126/251) of node‐negative patients did not receive postoperative chemotherapy due to poor functional status, postoperative complications, and patient preference. Among patients with node‐positive disease, postoperative chemotherapy was associated with improved median OS (27.2 vs. 10.5 months, P < 0.001). Among node‐negative patients, postoperative chemotherapy was not associated with a survival benefit (median OS, 30.9 vs. 36.9 months; P = 0.406).

Conclusion

Although there is no standard NAT regimen for patients with pancreatic cancer, postoperative chemotherapy following NAT and resection appears to be associated with improved OS for patients with node‐positive disease.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and depression symptoms in young women: results from 1973 to 1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Authors: Dharmayani Putu Novi Arfirsta , Mishra Gita D. , Mihrshahi Seema
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Growing evidence suggests that specific food groups may play an important role in improving mental health. However, very few studies explored the association between individual dietary factors and depression symptoms by following a large cohort of individuals over a long period. We examined the differential effects of fruit and vegetables in relation to depression symptoms over a 15-year follow-up period in the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health.

Methods

Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using short questions. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 scale with a cut off ≥ 10 indicated depressive symptoms. Multiple imputations with generalised estimating equations models were performed to estimate odds ratio of depression symptoms according to fruit and vegetable consumption.

Results

A total of 4241 participants with a mean age of 27.6 (SD 1.45) years at baseline were followed up at five surveys (2003–2018). Fruit and vegetable intake (≥ 2 servings) was cross-sectionally associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. In longitudinal analysis, a higher intake of fruit (≥ 4 servings) and vegetable (≥ 5 servings) was consistently associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, with a 25% lower odds (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.57, 0.97; p = 0.031) and a 19% lower odds (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.70, 0.94; p = 0.007) than consuming one serve or less fruit and vegetable, respectively.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with a lower risk of depression symptoms over 15 years from a population-based prospective study of Australian women.
A novel method for monitoring abdominal compliance to optimize insufflation pressure during laparoscopy
Authors: Sterke Frank , van Weteringen Willem , Ventura Lorenzo , Milesi Ilaria , Wijnen René M. H. , Vlot John , Dellacà Raffaele L.
Published: July 2022

Background

Abdominal compliance describes the ease of expansion of the abdominal cavity. Several studies highlighted the importance of monitoring abdominal compliance (Cab) during the creation of laparoscopic workspace to individualize the insufflation pressure. The lack of validated clinical monitoring tools for abdominal compliance prevents accurate tailoring of insufflation pressure. Oscillometry, also known as the forced oscillation technique (FOT), is currently used to measure respiratory mechanics and has the potential to be adapted for monitoring abdominal compliance. This study aimed to define, develop and evaluate a novel approach which can monitor abdominal compliance during laparoscopy using endoscopic oscillometry.

Materials and methods

Endoscopic oscillometry was evaluated in a porcine model for laparoscopy. A custom-built insufflator was developed for applying an oscillatory pressure signal superimposed onto a mean intra-abdominal pressure. This insufflator was used to measure the abdominal compliance at insufflation pressures ranging from 5 to 20 hPa (3.75 to 15 mmHg). The measurements were compared to the static abdominal compliance, which was measured simultaneously with computed tomography imaging.

Results

Endoscopic oscillometry recordings and CT images were obtained in 10 subjects, resulting in 76 measurement pairs for analysis. The measured dynamic Cab ranged between 0.0216 and 0.261 L/hPa while the static Cab based on the CT imaging ranged between 0.0318 and 0.364 L/hPa. The correlation showed a polynomial relation and the adjusted R-squared was 97.1%.

Conclusions

Endoscopic oscillometry can be used to monitor changes in abdominal compliance during laparoscopic surgery, which was demonstrated in this study with a comparison with CT imaging in a porcine laparoscopy model. Use of this technology to personalize the insufflation pressure could reduce the risk of applying excessive pressure and limit the drawbacks of insufflation.
Serum interleukin-23 levels: relation to depression, anxiety, and disease activity in psoriatic arthritis patients
Authors: Tabra Samar Abdalhamed , abd Elghany Salwa Elmorsy , Amer Reham A. , Fouda Mohamed H. , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Assessment of serum levels of IL-23 in PsA patients and its correlation with depression, anxiety, and disease activity.

Methods

Eighty psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and eighty healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were included in this observational case–control study. All participants suspected to detailed history, clinical assessment, PsA activity using Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score, the severity and extent of psoriasis was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and ultrasonographic assessments of the entheses were examined according to the Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI). Depression and anxiety were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum IL-23 was measured and correlated with disease activity, depression, and anxiety.

Results

There was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding demographic data. Thirty-six PsA patients (45%) had anxiety and 28 patients (35%) had depression, while in the control group, 16 persons (20%) had anxiety and 12 (15%) had depression, with significant differences between the 2 groups (p < 0.0001). There were significant differences in HADS anxiety and depression scores between patients and controls with significant positive correlations between HADS depression, anxiety scores and IL-23, DAPSA, PASI, and MASEI scores (p < 0.05). IL-23 was positively correlated with DAPSA, PASI, and HADS scores; we observed that interleukin 23, higher DAPSA, and PASI were independently associated with depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

Serum interleukin-23 levels were elevated in PsA patients and were found to be correlated with depression, anxiety, and disease activity.

Key Points• Psoriatic arthritis is a multidimensional disorder with psychiatric drawbacks.• Interleukin-23 is a proinflammatory cytokines that was correlated with depression and anxiety in PsA patients.• Interleukin-23 was correlated with disease activity in PsA.• Depression and anxiety were positively correlated with disease activity in PsA.
Build, buy, or partner? A systematic literature review on the choice between alternative modes of growth
Authors: Ego Philipp
Published: July 2022

When pursuing growth opportunities, organizations can, most fundamentally, choose between three different modes: internal development, mergers and acquisitions, and partnerships. Strategic management research investigates the decision of whether to “build, buy, or partner” and its determining factors from various theoretical perspectives, which led to the emergence of related, but largely independent, research streams. As such, this review consolidates the scattered literature landscape and provides a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents associated with the choice of corporate growth modes. To do so, an integrative research framework is proposed that encompasses internal, external, and decision-related factors. Based on this framework, the review provides a synthesized overview and critical assessment of 74 past empirical contributions and develops a detailed roadmap to guide future research.
Lernmaterialien im Sportunterricht
Authors: Wibowo Jonas , Schütt Marie-Luise , Bükers Frederik
Published: July 2022

Lernmaterialien im Sportunterricht wird das Potenzial zugeschrieben, die Lernprozesse von Schüler:innen fördern zu können. Dies bezieht sich auf fachliche Aspekte wie das Aneignen komplexer Bewegungen oder die Entwicklung von Lösungen zu Bewegungsproblemen. Mit Lernmaterialien werden aber auch überfachliche Ziele wie die Förderung von Selbstständigkeit, Motivation und Kooperationsfähigkeit in Verbindung gebracht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen ausschließlich potenzielle Barrieren von Lernmaterialien für fachliche Lernprozesse dargestellt und Kriterien für zugängliche Lernmaterialien formuliert werden. Dazu wird zunächst eine fachdidaktische Perspektive eingenommen, und es werden Barrieren aufgrund unpassender fachlicher Anforderungen und unpassender fachlicher Unterstützung dargestellt. Außerdem werden aus der Perspektive des Multimedialernens eine unnötige Informationsverarbeitung und eine suboptimale Informationsdarbietung als Barrieren von Lernmaterialien im Sportunterricht aufgegriffen. Zuletzt wird mit Fokus auf die visuelle Gestaltung die Perspektive der Pädagogik bei Beeinträchtigung des Sehens berücksichtigt.
The abstract Cauchy problem in locally convex spaces
Authors: Kruse Karsten
Published: July 2022

We derive necessary and sufficient criteria for the uniqueness and existence of solutions of the abstract Cauchy problem in locally convex Hausdorff spaces. Our approach is based on a suitable notion of an asymptotic Laplace transform and extends results of Langenbruch beyond the class of Fréchet spaces.
Electronic Health Records and Antimicrobial Stewardship Research: a Narrative Review
Authors: Rezel-Potts Emma , Gulliford Martin
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

This review summarises epidemiological research using electronic health records (EHR) for antimicrobial stewardship.

Recent Findings

EHRs enable surveillance of antibiotic utilisation and infection consultations. Prescribing for respiratory tract infections has declined in the UK following reduced consultation rates. Reductions in prescribing for skin and urinary tract infections have been less marked. Drug selection has improved and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobics reduced. Diagnoses of pneumonia, sepsis and bacterial endocarditis have increased in primary care. Analytical studies have quantified risks of serious bacterial infections following reduced antibiotic prescribing. EHRs are increasingly used in interventional studies including point-of-care trials and cluster randomised trials of quality improvement. Analytical and interventional studies indicate patient groups for whom antibiotic utilisation may be more safely reduced.

EHRs offer opportunities for surveillance and interventions that engage practitioners in the effects of improved prescribing practices, with the potential for better outcomes with targeted study designs.
Management of hand osteoarthritis: from an US evidence-based medicine guideline to a European patient-centric approach
Authors: Fuggle Nicholas , Bere Nathalie , Bruyère Olivier , Rosa Mario Manuel , Prieto Yerro María Concepción , Dennison Elaine , Dincer Fitnat , Gabay Cem , Haugen Ida K. , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Hochberg Marc C. , Laslop Andrea , Matijevic Radmila , Maheu Emmanuel , Migliore Alberto , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Radermecker Régis Pierre , Rannou François , Uebelhart Brigitte , Uebelhart Daniel , Veronese Nicola , Vlaskovska Mila , Rizzoli René , Mobasheri Ali , Cooper Cyrus , Reginster Jean-Yves
Published: July 2022

Hand osteoarthritis is the most common joint condition and is associated with significant morbidity. It is of paramount importance that patients are thoroughly assessed and examined when complaining of hand stiffness, pain, deformity or disability and that the patient’s concerns and expectations are addressed by the healthcare professional. In 2019 the American College of Rheumatology and Arthritis Foundation (ACR/AF) produced guidelines which included recommendations for the treatment of hand osteoarthritis. An ESCEO expert working group (including patients) was convened and composed this paper with the aim to assess whether these guidelines were appropriate for the treatment of hand osteoarthritis therapy in Europe and whether they met with the ESCEO patient-centered approach. Indeed, patients are the key stakeholders in healthcare and eliciting the patient’s preference is vital in the context of an individual consultation but also for informing research and policy-making. The patients involved in this working group emphasised the often-neglected area of aesthetic changes in hand osteoarthritis, importance of developing pharmacological therapies which can alleviate pain and disability and the need of the freedom to choose which approach (out of pharmacological, surgical or non-pharmacological) they wished to pursue. Following robust appraisal, it was recommended that the ACR/AF guidelines were suitable for a European context (as described within the body of the manuscript) and it was emphasised that patient preferences are key to the success of individual consultations, future research and future policy-making.
The effect of rapamycin and its analogues on age-related musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Lin Hong , Salech Felipe , Lim Anthony , Vogrin Sara , Duque Gustavo
Published: July 2022

Background

Preclinical studies have shown a therapeutic role of the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition with rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogues) on several age-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD). However, the applicability to humans of these findings is unknown.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of rapalogues on age-related MSKD in humans.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBase, EMCare, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched for original studies examining the effects of rapalogues on outcomes linked to the age-related MSKD in humans. This review is registered in the PROSPERO database (University of New York; registration number CRD42020208167).

Results

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The effect of rapamycin and other rapalogues, including everolimus and temsirolimus, on bone, muscle and joints have been evaluated in humans; however, considerable variability concerning the subjects’ age, inclusion criteria, and drug administration protocols was identified. In bone, the use of rapamycin is associated with a decrease in bone resorption markers dependent on osteoclastic activity. In muscle, rapamycin and rapalogues are associated with a reduction in muscle protein synthesis in response to exercise. In the context of rheumatoid arthritis, rapamycin and rapalogues have been associated with clinical improvement and a decrease in inflammatory activity.

Conclusion

Although there are studies that have evaluated the effect of rapamycin and rapalogues on MSKD in humans, the evidence supporting its use is still incipient, and the clinical implication of these results on the development of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or osteosarcopenia has not been studied, opening an interesting field for future research.
Some t-conorm-based distance measures and knowledge measures for Pythagorean fuzzy sets with their application in decision-making
Authors: Ganie Abdul Haseeb
Published: July 2022

The Pythagorean fuzzy sets are more robust than fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets in dealing with the problems involving uncertainty. To compare two Pythagorean fuzzy sets, distance measures play a crucial role. In this paper, we have proposed some novel distance measures for Pythagorean fuzzy sets using t-conorms. We have also discussed their various desirable properties. With the help of suggested distance measures, we have introduced some new knowledge measures for Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Through numerical comparison and linguistic hedges, we have established the effectiveness of the suggested distance measures and knowledge measures, respectively, over the existing measures in the Pythagorean fuzzy setting. At last, we have demonstrated the application of the suggested measures in pattern analysis and multi-attribute decision-making.
The potential for reducing non-target effects on parasitoids of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) through spatially targeted insecticide applications
Authors: Hausmann Johannes , Brandes Meike
Published: July 2022

Insecticide applications against the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in oilseed rape are conducted during the flowering of the crop. During the flowering period, many parasitoids of pest species are abundant in the crop, and therefore, the preservation of natural pest regulation mechanism is especially important. Parasitism often has a substantial mortality factor in pest populations and as far as possible, parasitoids need to be protected from harmful non-target effects of insecticides. In the present study, the effects of three different insecticidal products on the parasitism of cabbage seedpod weevil larvae were investigated. Additionally, the effects of a spatial targeting of insecticides, using conventional and dropleg application technique, were compared. This was done in field trials within a completely randomized block design and four replications at one trial site in 2019 and two sites in 2020. The parasitoid species Trichomalus perfectus Walker and Mesopolobus morys Walker (both Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were abundant in almost equal shares in 2019, whereas M. morys was the most important species in 2020. Only in 2019 were harmful effects of the insecticide Biscaya (a.i. thiacloprid) on parasitism rates of C. obstrictus larvae observed. Clear benefits, due to spatial targeting of insecticides using the dropleg technique on parasitoids, were not found. The harmfulness of insecticides is probably affected by properties of different insecticidal products and the temporal coincidence of parasitoid occurrence and insecticide application.
Development of a Business Model Resilience Framework for Managers and Strategic Decision-makers
Authors: Radic M. , Herrmann P. , Haberland P. , Riese Carla R.
Published: July 2022

Following the massive impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy and on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular, the concept of resilience has experienced a renaissance. As an organizational concept, business model resilience describes the extent to which an organization can maintain or quickly recover its value proposition despite unexpected current or future disruptions (Palzkill-Vorbeck 2018). Although research has been conducted in this area for decades, there is still a lack of a unified framework that brings together the findings from research and links them to organizational practice. The paper addresses this gap by developing a framework for business model resilience and demonstrating its practical relevance for organizational performance during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The framework includes 11 factors that characterize the resilience of an organization’s business model. For managers and decision-makers, the framework is an opportunity to assess and improve the resilience of their organizations. For researchers, the framework is an important foundation for transferring the concept of business model resilience into organizational practice.
Social life cycle assessment of t-shirt supply chains using willingness to pay
Authors: Hirokawa Tatsuya , Ihara Tomohiko
Published: July 2022

Managing social risks in the supply chain is an important issue that directly affects business performance. However, the existing literature does not provide sufficient quantitative assessment of labor problems for corporate decision-making. This study fills this research gap by conducting a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) of the T-shirt supply chain from a consumer perspective to quantify labor issues in monetary terms. The framework consists of two approaches: (1) calculation of willingness to pay (WTP) to solve labor problems and (2) inventory analysis. To calculate the WTP, questionnaires were distributed to 203 respondents. The WTP ranged from 344 JPY (labor rights) to 596 JPY (child labor). The WTP was used as an indicator of integration of labor problems. In inventory analysis, working hours were used to quantify the impact on workers. The results showed that working hours were long in the textile and wearing apparel stages. In conclusion, T-shirts manufactured in Vietnam were identified as the least worker-friendly T-shirts sold in Japan, with a social cost of 2,835 JPY. In supply chain stages, child labor was identified as a major problem in India at the textile stage and in Vietnam, at the wearing apparel stage. This study quantifies labor risks through a cost–benefit analysis, thereby contributing to the development of supply chain strategies for companies.
On the Frontiers of the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Gooding Philip
Published: July 2022

This is the first interdisciplinary history of Lake Tanganyika and of eastern Africa's relationship with the wider Indian Ocean World during the nineteenth century. Philip Gooding deploys diverse source materials, including oral, climatological, anthropological, and archaeological sources, to ground interpretations of the better-known, European-authored archive in local epistemologies and understandings of the past. Gooding shows that Lake Tanganyika's shape, location, and distinctive lacustrine environment contributed to phenomena traditionally associated with the history of the wider Indian Ocean World being negotiated, contested, and re-imagined in particularly robust ways. He adds novel contributions to African and Indian Ocean histories of urbanism, the environment, spirituality, kinship, commerce, consumption, material culture, bondage, slavery, Islam, and capitalism. African peoples and environments are positioned as central to the histories of global economies, religions, and cultures.
Ascending Order
Authors: Mukherjee Rohan
Published: July 2022

Why do rising powers sometimes challenge an international order that enables their growth, and at other times support an order that constrains them? Ascending Order offers the first comprehensive study of conflict and cooperation as new powers join the global arena. International institutions shape the choices of rising states as they pursue equal status with established powers. Open membership rules and fair decision-making procedures facilitate equality and cooperation, while exclusion and unfairness frequently produce conflict. Using original and robust archival evidence, the book examines these dynamics in three cases: the United States and the maritime laws of war in the mid-nineteenth century; Japan and naval arms control in the interwar period; and India and nuclear non-proliferation in the Cold War. This study shows that the future of contemporary international order depends on the ability of international institutions to address the status ambitions of rising powers such as China and India.
The Stage Works of Philip Glass
Authors: Waters Robert F.
Published: July 2022

The Stage Works of Philip Glass is the first publication to exclusively examine Glass's stage works from 1976 to the present day. Glass, who is regularly acclaimed as the most popular living classical composer, created stage works that have had a mesmerizing effect on younger generations. Robert Waters analyses Glass and his music for the theatre in the context of other composers interested in so-called minimalist features. His discussion includes three introductory chapters that address the validity versus invalidity of terms such as minimalism, post-minimalism, postmodernism, and neo-Romanticism, together with a brief overview of Glass's life and works. Waters examines the different types of theatre responsible for Glass's impact, including Robert Wilson's Theater of Images. He sheds light on Glass's philosophy regarding staging, text, and other theatrical components, which includes a defiance of conventional narrative, visual and aural dissociation as a theatrical technique, and deconstructionist concepts.
Leading for Innovation
Authors: Mumford Michael D. , Newbold Tanner R. , Fichtel Mark , England Samantha
Published: July 2022

Creativity, the generation of novel and useful ideas, and innovation, the transformation of these ideas into new products, processes, and services, are both critical for the long-term viability, profitability, and growth of organizations. Moreover, the complex, risky, and uncertain nature of innovative efforts demonstrates the importance of organizational leaders to effectively manage the innovative process. In this element, we discuss the role of leaders in effectively facilitating the creative problem-solving process that gives rise to innovative products, processes, and services. More specifically, we highlight the knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed to effectively lead across three integrated facets of this process-leading the people, leading the work, and leading the firm. This discussion promotes an understanding of how leaders manage those asked to engage in innovative efforts and, moreover, how leaders systematically integrate creative ideas within the organization to ensure the development and success of innovative products, processes, or services.
Positive Predictive Value of Anti-GAD65 ELISA Cut-Offs for Neurological Autoimmunity
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Freeman Erin , Bhayana Vipin , Yang Liju
Published: July 2022

High anti-GAD65 levels associate with core manifestations of GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. ELISA cut-offs for high anti-GAD65 levels (>10,000 IU/ml in serum, >100 IU/ml in CSF) have been proposed that merit further evaluation. We reviewed patients who underwent anti-GAD65 ELISA for suspected autoimmune encephalitis and found values above these cut-offs to have a positive predictive value (PPV) for neurological autoimmunity of 88%. Anti-GAD65 values above proposed ELISA cut-offs have a reasonably high PPV for neurological autoimmunity in patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Consideration of alternative diagnoses and corroboration with CSF can help flag potentially clinically irrelevant results and avoid patient misdiagnosis.
Garnet Trade in Early Medieval Europe: The Italian Network
Authors: Boschetti Cristina , Gratuze Bernard , Schibille Nadine
Published: July 2022

The reconstruction of the trade routes along which garnets reached Europe in the early Middle Ages demonstrates the persistence of long-distance trade after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Early medieval garnet jewellery from Italy and the presence of lapidary workshops are important evidence for understanding the dynamics of this commerce but are systematically overlooked. Chemical trace-element analysis (LA-ICP-MS) of loose and inset garnets and glass inlays from burials in sixth–seventh-century Lombardy has identified South Asian and Bohemian garnets together with Egyptian glass. This combination shows that the long-distance trade routes crossing the Peninsula and the Alpine passes played a key role in the European market for garnets, significantly modifying the current model of the Mediterranean garnet trade and shedding new light on the character of the elites who emerged in Italy during the Migration period.
Controversies over Austria’s Nazi Past: Generational Changes and Grassroots Awakenings following the Waldheim Affair and the “Wehrmacht Exhibitions”
Authors: Embacher Helga
Published: July 2022

In 1945, the Austrian government constructed a new identity based on having been a “victim” of Nazi Germany. Thus, it had to hush up the fact that a majority of the population had welcomed the Anschluss, hundreds of thousands joined the NSDAP and served in the German Wehrmacht, and many were involved in the crimes of National Socialism. Only in the late 1980s, in the wake of the Waldheim Affair, did the years between 1938 and 1945 have to be re-interpreted. Ten years later, the exhibition “War of Annihilation: Crimes of the Wehrmacht 1941–1944” (short: Wehrmacht exhibition) questioned the myth of the “clean Wehrmacht.” Using the examples of the Waldheim Affair and the Wehrmacht exhibition, the article analyzes the influence of grassroots movements stimulated by these events. Since some members of the second generation defended the Wehrmacht rather than embracing the grassroots movements’ critique of earlier war myths, it will also problematize the category “generation.” Due to the leading role played by prominent Austrian Jews in these grassroots movements, the generational gap within the Jewish community is of further interest. I emphasize that the grassroots movements needed the support of Austrian political parties and from abroad to achieve a modicum of success.
How do the practical and pragmatic limitations in the design or implementation of wildlife disease surveillance systems bias our understanding of the drivers, epidemiology, and impact of pathogen traffic between wildlife and people or domestic species, or within wildlife host populations?
Authors: Stephen Craig
Published: July 2022

Decision makers want more information on the presence, distribution, movement, and impacts of pathogens in wild animals to anticipate or assess the risk of pathogen spillover from wildlife to people or domestic animals or to better understand the conservation implications of contagious diseases in wildlife. There are many impediments to designing and implementing a wildlife health surveillance system that fulfils all the expectations for ‘good’ surveillance. There are well-known pragmatic limitations such as the inability to sample targeted populations consistently and regularly in a representative manner, lack of validated tests, and funding limitations that restrict surveillance to periodic surveys. The nature and impact of the biases on data collection, generation, management, quality, analysis, interpretations, and information sharing are poorly studied. We invite authors to address the question in the title.