bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Casemate Wall System of Khirbat Safra
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Emswiler Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Problem A casemate wall system was found at Khirbat Safra in 2018 and 2019, which has been dated to early Iron Age I. However, no comprehensive study of Iron Age I casemate wall systems in Transjordan has been conducted. Therefore, this thesis will present and compare the findings from Kh. Safra and four other sites in Transjordan which have casemate wall systems dating to Iron Age I. Method A short study on the history of fortifications, casemate wall systems, and siege warfare was conducted for this thesis. The ruins from Fields A, B, C, and D at Kh. Safra were then examined along with the ruins of four other Iron Age I casemate wall systems in Transjordan. Lastly, the features of these five casemate wall systems were compared. Results Parallels to the casemate wall system of Kh. Safra were found at four sites throughout Transjordan. A comparison of the parallels helps to understand the form and function of the Iron Age I casemate wall systems found in Transjordan so far. Conclusions It was possible to conclude that the casemate wall system of Kh. Safra is unique in terms of its location (being the only Iron Age I casemate wall system in its region) but not in terms of its form and function. Rather, Kh. Safra and the four other Iron Age I casemate wall systems in Transjordan share many similarities both architecturally and potentially through the purpose these defensive walls served.
The Use of Multiple Sensory Modalities by the Antillean Manatee (Trichechus Manatus Manatus) To Locate Food in Their Natural Environments
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Moore Amanda
Published: June 2023

Manatees are herbivorous aquatic mammals found in the coastal and inland waters of the Atlantic Ocean. All three manatee species are currently listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red list and there still remains much unknown about their ecology. It is currently unknown what sensory modalities manatees use to locate their food in the wild. A literature review of the Paenungulata clade (sirenians, proboscideans, and hyracoideans) was conducted in order to compare and contrast what is known about the sensory modalities of the clade, to better understand the sensory modalities of manatees, particularly the ones they use to locate their food. Manatees have a higher frequency range for hearing than elephants, who have the best low-frequency hearing range known to mammals; hearing range of hyrax is unknown. All members of Paenungulata have vibrissae assisting in tactile abilities and potentially compensate for other senses such as hearing or vision. The ability to smell in manatees and hyrax is unknown, but elephants have been found to have an excellent sense of smell. Manatees, elephants, and hyrax have dichromatic vision. A preliminary experiment was designed to test manatee feeding modalities in the wild. The objectives of this study were to determine if the proposed methodology, modified for an aquatic environment from Renda & Roux (2017), was capable of testing manatee sensory use by limiting the sensory cues provided. Sensory modalities used in locating food were tested in two ways: when they know where the food is located, within a short distance, and when the food is placed randomly throughout their habitat, at long distances. In this study, we were able to show that the experimental design works, and provide preliminary data. In the short distance dichotomous choice trials, the percent of correct choices were 67% for the chemoreception + vision, 60% for chemoreception only, and 60% for vision only, with 50% being the rate of chance. For long distance experiments, the mean minimum time in hours it took manatees to consume the food placed randomly along their habitat of San San-Pond Sak River, Panama was 12.0 hours for chemoreception + vision, more than 22 hours for chemoreception only, and 6.89 hours for the control (no box). Due to the small sample size, no definitive conclusion could be made as to which sensory modality manatees use to find food, but our results support the idea that manatees use multiple modalities, chemoreception + vision, to locate food. Additional trials are needed in order to perform statistical analysis on the data.
Investigating the Nightime Departures of Glaucous-Winged Gulls (Larus Glaucescens) and the Role of Social Facilitation
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, McClain Devon
Published: June 2023

Daytime behaviors and occupancy patterns of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) have been described and can be mathematically predicted based on environmental factors. However, little is known about the nighttime behaviors of Glaucous-winged Gulls. I used trail cameras to study the daytime and nighttime colony occupancy patterns of Glaucous-winged Gulls on a breeding colony on Protection Island, Washington, USA. Early in the breeding season gulls desert the colony en masse during nighttime even after some gulls have initiated clutches. Using acoustic recording units to identify an acoustic cue that signals the onset of the coordinated nightly departures from the colony, I found that five to ten minutes prior to the nighttime departures the gulls engage in a bout of synchronous extended long-calling. The departing gulls form two large rafts at night to the north and south of the island, both of which get closer to the colony as the season progresses. As more gulls initiate clutches, a switch occurs such that all gulls remain overnight on the colony even though a majority of them have yet to initiate clutches. The first gulls to initiate clutches influence the transition from leaving to remaining on the colony at night through social facilitation.
God, Time and the Sabbath: A Brief Historical-Theological Survey
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Gayoba Francis
Published: June 2023

Problem This study takes Fernando Canale's work as a starting point, which has demonstrated that unbiblical philosophical presuppositions have undergirded many forms of Christian theology. Of specific interest to this thesis is the presupposition of divine timelessness or temporality, which may have consequences on various doctrines. This study examines the possible influence of these presuppositions on the meaning of the Sabbath, as seen in the writings of Augustine of Hippo, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Andreas Carlstadt, Oswald Glaidt, Andreas Fischer, Nicholas Bownd, and Theophilus Brabourne. The problem this thesis addresses is whether an observable connection can be made between one's view of divine time and one's view of Sabbath time, as seen in the writings of these authors. Method This study examines the writings of selected authors that address the theology of Sabbath (regardless of which day they espouse) and attempt to identify concepts that come as a result of their presuppositions. Four historical segments are examined: (1) medieval Christianity, (2) the Magisterial Reformation, (3) the Radical Reformation, and (4) the English Reformation. Authors were selected based on whether they had substantial writings on the theology of the Sabbath. To provide background and context to their view of Sabbath time, key relevant areas of Sabbath theology will be examined, namely: creation, the Decalogue, the nature of rest, and any relevant theological positions that may be unique to these individuals. The positions of each author will be described in turn, followed by a comparison and analysis at the end of each section. Some observations will also be made as to the progression of ideas, and the possible influence of one theologian to another. All observations from these Sabbath theologies are synthesized and some implications in the divine time-Sabbath relationship are proposed. Conclusion This study concludes that a correlation between divine time and Sabbath time is observable in the writings of these authors. Those who appear to subscribe to a timeless view of God tend to view the Sabbath atemporally, minimizing the need for a specific temporal observance. On the other hand, there is an apparent openness to the temporal view of God's time on the part of those who view the Sabbath temporally, emphasizing a specific day of observance based on creation and the fourth commandment. The relationship between divine time and Sabbath time is observably more of correlation than causation.
Zechariah 9-14 in Light of Allusions to the Sanctuary Motif in the Old Testament
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Boldt Artur
Published: June 2023

Topic Zechariah 9-14 sheds additional light to the eschatological relevance of the sanctuary by emphasizing God’s presence among humankind. The sanctuary motif receives a vertical dimension by focusing on God’s original Sanctuary. Purpose Firstly, questions of introduction will be answered to give an overview of the material. In this context, the question of genre will be handled with special care. Then it will be defined how the concept of allusions is understood. This concept then will be applied to three different OT sanctuary references. Followed by an evaluation of these references. Afterwards different passages in Zech 9-14 will be examined in more detail. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. Sources Definitions by Jon Paulien and John Collins are used in this thesis. While they are not specifically related to Zechariah it is important to define ones use of terms like allusion and apocalyptic(-like). Consulting benchmark works by Mark J. Boda, Meyers, Richard M. Davidson or Al Wolters and others will be necessary. Conclusion The OT references and allusions to the Sanctuary describe a flexible understanding of it, explaining why the tabernacle, the Solomonic temple and the Herodian temple are not identical. The combining element of all these references is the presence of God among humankind. Zechariah describes a post-figurated sense of that presence of God. A turn away from humankind-made sanctuaries and a return to the original sanctuary in heaven.
A Study of Inactive Enzyme-Homologues: The Biochemical and Biological Function of ECM14 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, McDonald Robert
Published: June 2023

Like most major enzyme families, the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) contains several pseudoenzymes predicted to lack enzyme activity and with unknown molecular function. The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes only one member of the M14 MCP family, a pseudoenzyme named Ecm14 proposed to function in the extracellular matrix. Ecm14 is found throughout ascomycete fungi, with a group of related pseudoenzymes found in basidiomycetes. Although the prodomain of Ecm14 can be cleaved in vivo and in vitro by endopeptidases, suggesting an activation mechanism, no activity has been detected using standard carboxypeptidase substrates. In order to examine the function of Ecm14 using an unbiased screen, a series of synthetic lethal assays were performed. Because biochemical pathways typically involve multiple key gene components, many of these key gene players provide redundancy if other genes experience deleterious mutations. The synthetic lethal screen identifies novel mutants whose survival depends on a particular gene of interest. Approximately 27,000 yeast colonies were screened; however, only twenty-two putative ecm14 synthetic lethal mutants were identified. Further analysis showed many to be synthetic lethal with auxotrophic marker (plasmid reporting and selection) genes and synthetic lethality due to multiple mutations, suggesting that there are few, if any, single S. cerevisiae genes that present synthetic lethal interactions with ecm14. Recent research by others suggests a role for Ecm14 in processes such as vesicle-mediated transport and aggregate invasion, a fungal process that has been selected against in modern laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae. Thus, Ecm14 is likely an important, conserved, and “activatable” component of extracellular processes that are not critical to most modern yeast strains.
The Effect of Virtual Learning on Parents During COVID-19
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Reeves Sheila
Published: June 2023

Parents were affected in numerous ways by the sudden shut down of schools and switch to virtual learning in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these ways included use of technology, income, race, time, mental health, family life and parent insecurities. This study investigates parents' perspectives of some ways they were affected in regards to the virtual learning of their child(ren). All parents with children enrolled at Madison Campus Elementary School were invited to participate in the study, as they had at least one year's experience with their child(ren) in virtual learning. Data was collected using a survey emailed via ClassClimate®, a survey tool used at Andrews University. Fifty-five parents returned the survey. Findings showed that parents with more than one child were more likely to report having difficulty with distraction 80-100% of the time. Furthermore, race greatly affected the level of stress parents felt when it came to the technology needed for virtual learning. Hispanic parents had the greatest percentage (87.5%) who were stressed by technology. Parents, in general, reported problems with too much screen time for their children, children's lack of social interaction, and personally holding down a job while their children participated in virtual learning.
The Removal of Sin in Second Temple Jewish Literature
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Walker Odiaka
Published: June 2023

Problem This thesis explored the Second Temple literary background of the concept that Jesus appeared at the end of the ages to take away sin, in Heb 9:26. As such, the research question which guided the paper was: what did Old Testament and Intertestamental writers believe about the removal of sin at the end of the ages? The answer to this question infers other questions: who would remove sin? From where would sin be removed? How was sin defined? How would sin be removed? When would sin be removed (are there time specifications involved)? Method The terms ἀφαιρέω, ἀφίημι, ἀπαλείφω, ἐξαλείφω, ἐξαίρω, περιαιρέω, ἐκκαθαρίζω (ekkatharizō), and καθαρίζω (katharizō), for removal which is connected to ἀθέτησις (athetēsis), and by implication ἀθετέω (atheteō) used in Hebrew 9:26, were examined within an eschatological context along with ἁμαρτία (hamartia) and its synonyms. Second Temple literature containing these significant terms was carefully scrutinized: Deut 32:43, Isa 25:8; 33:24; 43:25; 44:22, Mic 7:18, Zeph 3:11, 15, Zech 3:4, Dan 9:24, 1 Eno 10:20, Wis (5:13), Pss. Sol. 17:25, 33; 1QS 9:4; 11:3, 14, 15; 4Q393 2:5, 4Da 1:13 (CD 14:9), and 4Q215a 2:3. Results Principally, God and the Messiah remove sin in a priest-king model where the saints' sins are atoned for, wiped away, or sinners are destroyed by the reign of the Messiah. The land of the saints is also cleansed. The restored "remnant" has its sin permanently removed from its life, God’s mind, and His record. The removal of sin involves transformation of life, the Messiah's death, covenant, and inaugurated heavenly sanctuary ministry after seventy weeks. To the end of His ministry, there is a Day of atonement freedom proclamation. The time is in the "end of days" within a priest-king framework with final cleansing of the saints and final destruction of the wicked before final triumph over death and entrance into the everlasting messianic kingdom. Conclusions The interpretation of the NT concept of Christ appearing at the end of the ages to remove sin (Heb 9:26) seems to demand considerations of a covenant and heavenly sanctuary ministry which are set by the "messianic personage" who is ushered in at the "end-time." His substitutionary death as part of the process of sins' removal is worth expounding. Thus, the biblical and theological context of Heb 9:26 finds its significance for a valued interpretation.
Investigating the Function of Carboxypeptidase O Gene Paralogs from Xenopus Tropicalis
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Saint Jean Ritchie
Published: June 2023

Carboxypeptidase O (CPO) is a peptidase that is a member of the A/B subfamily of the metallocarboxypeptidases. This peptidase has been found in the brush border of the intestine and has specificity toward C-terminal acidic residues. CPO has been proposed to be involved in intestinal digestion and the formation of lipid droplets. Four copies of the CPO gene are present in the Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog) genome and are noted as CPO.1, CPO.2, CPO.3, and CPO.4. Not much is known about these genes regarding their properties and functions. In my research, I sought to investigate the properties and functions of these genes. It was found that the predicted proteins of the four CPO genes from X. tropicalis have different properties than human CPO, a well-studied CPO enzyme. Phylogenetic analyses showed that CPO.3 is most likely the most ancient gene of the four CPO genes of X. tropicalis. Western blotting analyses showed that all of the CPO genes from X. tropicalis were translated into proteins with CPO.2 being the least expressed of the four genes. Carboxypeptidase assays iv were done on the protein samples obtained from HEK293T cells that were transfected with the CPO plasmids. No enzymatic activity was detected for any protein sample. Human CPO has been documented to be found in the endoplasmic reticulum, however not much is known about the subcellular localization of the four CPO gene products from X. tropicalis. To determine the subcellular localization of each CPO protein, immunofluorescence microscopy was done on HEK293T cells that were transfected with both human CPO and X. tropicalis CPO plasmids. It was found that the X. tropicalis CPO proteins had similar distribution to proteins that were found in the endoplasmic reticulum and were distributed on average in puncta that resembled lipid droplets.
The Water System of Tall Jalul
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Barros Bruno
Published: June 2023

he Problem Components of the water system of Tall Jalul have been discovered since 2009 in Fields G and W. Although articles and reports have been written, no comprehensive study has been conducted. Therefore, this thesis will present and discuss the water system of Jalul from 2009 to 2016 and look for comparisons with similar Iron Age structures in the Ancient Near East. The Method For this project, the ruins from Fields G and W were analyzed. First, selected water systems in Palestine were introduced, followed by a review of preliminary reports and personal observations on the site of Tall Jalul. Second, a literature review was done to find similar structures in the Ancient Near East. Finally, a comparison between these structures was made. The Results Parallels to the water system of Jalul were found in the literature review, and a comparison between them was done, helping to understand their function as well as the function of the structures at Jalul with the evidence so far available. Conclusions It was possible to conclude that the Tall Jalul water system was unique in its size and function; however, not so developed in storage and water protection, as was the case with similar Iron Age water systems in the Ancient Near East.
West Indian Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) Habitat Characterization Using Side-Scan Sonar
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, McLarty Mindy
Published: June 2023

In this study, the reliability of low cost side-scan sonar to accurately identify soft substrates such as grass and mud was tested. Benthic substrates can be hard to classify from the surface, necessitating an alternative survey approach. A total area of 11.5 km2 was surveyed with the sonar in a large, brackish mangrove lagoon system. Individual points were ground-truthed for comparison with the sonar recordings to provide a measure of accuracy. Five substrate types were identified: Dense seagrass, sparse seagrass, mangrove soil, mangrove soil with rock, and silt. A zoned benthic substrate map was created from the sonar recordings. Dense seagrass was most accurately identified. Sparse seagrass had the lowest accuracy. A bathymetric map was also created from the sonar recordings. Manatee sighting locations were overlaid on these maps to preliminarily assess habitat use. Most manatee sightings occurred in areas 2–6 m deep and characterized as mangrove soil.
Study and Assessment of Motor Abilities of Older Children of Pre-school Age With Speech Disorders
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia., Panasenko Karina E. , Shinkareva Ludmila V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia., Altukhova Tatiana A. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia., Nikolaeva Elena A. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia., Shatalova Elena V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The urgency of the given study is in the lack of knowledge of various types of motor abilities of older pre-school children with speech disorders and the need to realize an individually differentiated approach to provide the environment for their development. In the current study, it was tried to identify and assess the level of development of motor abilities in older pre-school children with speech disorders. Methods: The study included 200 older pre-school children, 100 children with a healthy level of speech development, and 100 with a speech disorder in the Belgorod and Belgorod region (Russian Federation). The study looked at scientific sources using motor abilities testing (motor coordination, speed, strength, strength, plasticity, and stamina). Methods of mathematical statistics (student's t-test) using the SPSS software, version 26 were used to calculate the statistic problems. Results: The study and assessment of motor abilities of older pre-school children showed the predominance of an insufficient level of development of motor and coordination abilities in both neurotypical children and those with a language disorder. In both groups, children performed the worse left-hand task (the insufficient level was noted in children with speech disorders in 100% of boys and girls; in the group of children with a healthy level of speech development – in 84.1% of boys and 81.5 % of girls). When performing the right task hand, an insufficient level was noticed in children with speech disorders in 95.5% of boys and 96.4% of girls; in the group of children with a healthy level of speech development–in 77.3% of boys and 74.1% of girls. Diagnosis of other motor abilities states the dominance of the insufficient level only in children with speech disorders: strength abilities (70.5% of boys and 72.3% of girls), speed and strength abilities (68.2 % of boys and 67.9 % of girls), stamina (77.3% of boys and 75% of girls), and plasticity (65.9% of boys and 62.5% of girls). The veracity of the results was confirmed through the student's t-test. The observed differences were statistically significant. Discussion: The obtained findings and assessment of motor abilities confirm developmental lag in older pre-school children with speech disorders. In children, low indicators in the level of development of motor-coordination abilities and stamina prevailed.
Psychometric Features of the Patient Evaluation Measure in Iranian Individuals With Wrist Disorders
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Meimandi Mahsa , Azad Akram ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Niketeghad Golara ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Lajevardi Laleh ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The patient evaluation measure (PEM) evaluates the hand health profile. Having an appropriate measurement tool for the assessment of hand outcomes in Iranian individuals with wrist disorders is essential for clinical and research settings. The objective of the present study was to examine the psychometric features of the PEM in Iranian individuals with wrist disorders. Methods: Ninety individuals with wrist disorders were recruited. Hand outcome was evaluated with the PEM, quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Q-DASH), visual analogue scale-pain (VAS-P), and JAMAR hand-grip dynamometer. The PEM was translated into Persian. Face, content, and convergent validity was examined. Also, acceptability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and absolute reliability were calculated. Results: All questions had an item impact score and CVR score of >1.5 and >0.42, respectively. All questions except for question 1 (CVI=0.76) and 10 (CVI=0.73) of section B had a CVI score of <0.79. After changes were applied, the CVI score for these questions (question 1=0.83; question 10=0.87) reached acceptable criteria. The total score of the PEM showed a significant moderate correlation with Q-DASH (ρ=0.51; P<0.001) and VAS-P (ρ=0.55; P<0.001) and an insignificant weak correlation with grip strength (ρ=-0.11; P>0.05). Floor and ceiling effects were 0% for the total PEM score. The Cronbach’s α and intra-class correlation values were 0.72-0.87 and 0.96-0.98, respectively. Discussion: The present study suggests that the PEM has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring performance and satisfaction in individuals with wrist disorders. This measure might contribute as an outcome measure in research and routine assessments in clinical practice.
Sleep Disorder Among Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Al-Toosi University College, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq., Al-aboudy Firas , Baiee Hasan ,   Department of Nursing, Hila University College, Babylon, Iraq., Azeez Rasha ,   Department of Nursing, Al-Toosi University College, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq.
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the sleep characteristics among patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and find the relationship between variables of their demographic and sleep disorder. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to achieve the stated goals of patients with CLD in the Al-Najaf Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Al-Sadr Medical City from November 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. The sample was selected from 120 adult patients ≥18 years using non-probability sampling (purposeful) with CLD (disease duration of six months or more) . The questionnaire consisted of two socio-demographic parts with clinical data (18 items) and a general health questionnaire (28 items) with 4 implicit subscales, including insomnia and anxiety level. Results: There was a strong significant relationship between sleep disorder and age (P=0.001), occupational status (P=0.001), daily activity (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), and duration of disease (P=0.001), gender (P=0.021), educational level (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.049), and type of disease (P=0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between sleep disorder and the remaining demographic and clinical data. Discussion: In conclusion, there is a relationship between the sleep disorder of CLD patients and their socio-demographic data. There is a strong significant relationship between patients’ physical status and their sleep disorder (P=0.001). This result means that the disease has a significant effect on sleep.
The Effect of Rewarming on the Cognitive Status of Patients After Open-heart Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Haji-Jafari Somayeh , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein ,   Chief Surgeon & Director of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Azizi-Fini Ismail ,   Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Rezaei Mahboubeh ,   Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Atoof Fatemeh ,   Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Published: June 2023

Background: Hypothermia is usually used during cardiac surgery to further protect against cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, cognitive impairment could be a common complication after open heart surgery. This study aims to determine the effect of rewarming on the cognitive status of patients after open heart surgery. Methods: The present study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial at Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. In this clinical trial, 80 patients referred for open heart surgery were selected and randomly assigned into the intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. In the intervention group, rewarming the mattress was started after the patient entered the intensive care unit. Warming continued until the patient’s body temperature reached the normothermia level (37°C to 37.5°C). The data were collected by demographic-clinical questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination at three time points: before, 7 days, and 1 month after the surgery. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics, independent t test, chi-square test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t test. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The difference between the mean±SD scores of cognitive status in the intervention group before the surgery (28.73±0.87), 7 days (27.63±1.03), and 1 month after the surgery (28.93±1.21) was significant (P=0.008). The difference between the mean±SD scores of cognitive status in the control group before the surgery (28.42±1.02), 7 days (26.61±0.86), and 1 month after the surgery (27.85±1.06) was also significant (P=0.042). The results indicated that the mean score of cognitive status improves after 1 month, and it is greater in the intervention group (F=20.37, df=2, P<0.001). Significant differences were observed between the first and second time of measurements (P<0.0001) and also the second and third time of measurements (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Rewarming patients after open heart surgery improves their cognitive status. Therefore, this procedure can be used as a safe and non-invasive method to prevent cognitive complications by nurses after open heart surgery.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Home-based Palliative Care for Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   French Institute of Research and High Education, Paris, France., Hojjat-Assari Suzanne , Pirjani Pooneh ,   Department of Home-bmased Palliative Care, Iranian Cancer Control Center, Tehran, Iran., Kaveh Vahid ,   Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Heydari Heshmatolah ,   Department of Community Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Razani Ghazal ,   Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Hossinie Kosar ,   Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sadeqian Romina ,   Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2023

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, care for cancer patients may be disrupted for several reasons, leading to disease progression. Home-Based palliative care, if properly managed, can provide easy and safe access to care services for these patients. This study aimed to explore stakeholders’ perceptions of home-based palliative care for cancer patients during the pandemic. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. By purposeful sampling, 19 participants, including cancer patients receiving home-based care services from the Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA) and their families, as well as the homecare providers, were recruited. The study data were generated by conducting 19 semi-structured interviews and a focus group session and analyzed based on the method proposed by Lundman and Graneheim. Results: Qualitative analysis of the data revealed 5 main categories: “need for remote services”, “disease transmission reduction”, “management requirements”, “burnout”, and “reducing hospital workload.” Conclusion: The use of telemedicine, the existence of call centers, and the designing of appropriate guidelines, along with the help of qualified personnel, prevent the transmission of COVID-19 to cancer patients in-home palliative care and lead to the provision of comprehensive care to these patients. This approach to care helps avert staff burnout and reduces the number of occupied beds in hospitals.
The Risk Factors of Prediabetes in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Health Polytechnic of Jambi, Sciences Center of Excellence, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jambi, Indonesia., Bar Arvida , Agusriani Agusriani ,   Health Polytechnic of Jambi, Sciences Center of Excellence, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jambi, Indonesia., Diyah Halimahtussa ,   Health Polytechnic of Jambi, Sciences Center of Excellence, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jambi, Indonesia.
Published: June 2023

Background: Pre-diabetes is a risk state for the future development of type 2 diabetes. The risk factors for prediabetes have been categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. However, conclusive evidence regarding the risk factors associated with pre-diabetes in adolescence is still lacking. This study aims to answer the question of: which risk factors are most associated with the incidence of prediabetes in adolescents? Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases using the keywords of “modifiable risk factors”, “non-modifiable risk factors”, “pre-diabetes” and “adolescent” in the time frame of 2010 to 2021. Eligibility criteria were determined based on the (population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) PICOS guidelines. Reference list from identified studies was used to augment the search strategy. Two authors assessed the quality and risk of bias of the studies using National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality assessment tool. Qualitative analysis method was used to review the articles. Based on this, components such as purpose, methodology, risk factors, measurement method and main findings were extracted. Results: As a result of the initial search, 3982 studies were obtained. All duplicates, case reports, reviews and non-English studies were excluded. A total of ten articles that met the pre-defined eligibility criteria were included in this review. The quality of included studies was mostly in the good category. Overall, the association between risk factors and adolescents’ prediabetes appeared to be strongest among modifiable factors such as physical activity, poor diet, smoking, and cardiometabolic factors. The most significant modifiable factor was body mass index (BMI) and the most significant non-modifiable factor was gender. Conclusion: Considering the prominent role of modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of prediabetes in adolescents, it seems necessary to include lifestyle modification programs for this age group. It is also important to pay attention to gender as a non-modifiable factor in the development of prediabetes in adolescents.
School-based Prevention of Mosquito-borne Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Sanitation Study Program, Department of Environmental Health, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Jambi, Indonesia., Chandra Emilia , Fahri Sukmal ,   Sanitation Study Program, Department of Environmental Health, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Jambi, Indonesia., Johari Asni ,   Post Graduate Program of Mathematics and Natural Science, Concentration of Public Health Education, Jambi University, Indonesia., Syaiful Syaiful ,   Post Graduate Program of Mathematics and Natural Science, Concentration of Public Health Education, Jambi University, Indonesia.
Published: June 2023

Background: Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are among the important and highly complex issues in public health. School age children have been encouraged to participate in ongoing household MBDs control activities such as source reduction, as part of MBDs control efforts. Numerous school-based health education studies have been conducted worldwide on the interventions to prevent MBDs. However, the results are still varied and uncertain. This systematic review aims to answer the question of:” Are school-based educational programs able to improve students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about mosquito-borne diseases?”. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic literature search was performed using Sciencedirect, Cochrane library, PubMed, ProQuest, and the Wiley Online Library in the time period of 2000 to 2021. Eligibility criteria was determined according to PICOS guidelines. Quality and risk of bias of the studies were assessed by the effective public health practice project tool (EPHPP) and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB-2), respectively. Data were analyzed qualitatively, by looking at the number of participants, study design, and the main results obtained in each of the included studies. Results: In the initial search, 1,424 studies were found. Duplicates, those not relevant to students and MBDs, review articles, case reports, dissertations and non-English articles were eliminated. Twenty-three studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Overall, there was an increase in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding MBSs. However, knowledge appears to be the most important variable targeted by the included studies. All studies stated a significant increase in knowledge. Conclusion: The effect of the educational interventions on knowledge was more prominent. Future studies need more specialized educational interventions to have a stronger impact on students’ attitudes and performance. Further research is also needed to generate stronger evidence and evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The results of this review can be a guide to carry out appropriate interventions in elementary schools.
The Effect of a Peer Social Support Network Intervention on Self-management of the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Azadbakht Mojtaba , Taheri Tanjani Parisa ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Fadayevatan Reza ,   Department of Aging, School of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Foroughan Mahshid ,   Department of Aging, School of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zanjari Nasibeh ,   Department of Aging, School of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2023

Background: Participation in peer social groups could be used in health promotion programs for the elderly. The current study investigates the effectiveness of participation in a peer social support network intervention on the self-management of the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-pos-ttest design with a control group conducted in 2019. Two health centers were selected as research settings from a single district in Qom Province, Iran. From each center, 46 subjects were randomly selected. Subjects in the intervention group participated in a peer social support network for 3 months (12 sessions), and the control group received only usual care. The outcome variable was self-management. The components of this variable include the level of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), diabetes distress (measured with Diabetes Distress Scale), awareness (measured with Davoodi’s knowledge of diabetes questionnaire), attitude (measured with diabetes attitude scale [DAS-3]), self-efficacy (measured with diabetes empowerment scale, [DES-28]), weight and blood pressure. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-Square, and Fisher test in SPSS software, version 22. The significance level was set at less than 0.5. Results: The change in mean HbA1C of the intervention and control groups at baseline and 6-month follow-up was -0.7 and 0.1, respectively, which was significant (P≤0.0001). Moreover, the difference in changes in the mean values of diabetes distress (P=0.008), self-efficacy (P≤0.0001), and attitude (P≤0.0001) were significant. No significant changes were found in knowledge, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). Conclusion: The formation of social support groups may help control blood sugar in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Seemingly, social groups can mainly impact through psychological factors such as distress control, attitude improvement, and self-efficacy enhancement.
Accessory right hepatic artery and its significance for a surgeon: A case report
Authors: Gupta Niraj , Kumar Rohit , Verma Amar , Mohammad Irshan , Sharma Heena , Rai Rahul
Published: June 2023

Right hepatic artery (RHA) is a branch of the common hepatic artery; however, there are cases documented in the literature showing anatomical variations. Accessory RHA is an incidental finding during hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. This artery should be identified, carefully separated, and preserved during these surgeries. We encounter the variation while doing Whipple’s procedure in a 61-year-old patient diagnosed with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Intra-operatively, accessory RHA was present which was arising from the superior mesenteric artery. It was identified, carefully separated, and preserved. Variations in the origin of the artery may make it vulnerable to injuries during surgical procedures if due care is not taken.
Metronidazole: A culprit to balance and speech
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Ravikant , Kumar Amit
Published: June 2023

In a country like India, oral metronidazole is the commonly prescribed drug of choice for entities such as amebiasis and visceral abscesses. Oral such cases, it is usually well tolerated and safe but can cause serious neurological adverse events. Peripheral neuropathy commonly encounters in practice but central nervous system toxicity is also well documented as it crosses the blood–brain barrier easily. Neurological toxicity of metronidazole may be due to prolonged administration, high doses, or high cumulative doses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain is the modality of choice to evaluate brain involvement. In the brain, the splenium of the corpus callosum, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and posterior pons involvement are commonly seen and diagnostic. Here, we have an interesting case report of a patient who was on oral metronidazole treatment for his large liver abscess, presenting with a complaint of neurological symptoms of unsteady gait, vertigo, dysdiadochokinesia, and difficulty in speech. Moreover, thus suspected as metronidazole drug toxicity and further investigated for the same, and MRI typically shows cerebellar and posterior corpus callosal involvement.
Analisis Fraud Hexagon dan Tata Kelola Perusahaan Atas Adanya Kecurangan Dalam Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Rizkiawan M. , Subagio Subagio
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes the influence of Fraud Hexagon and Corporate Governance on fraudulent financial reporting. Independent variables in this study are Fraud Hexagon and corporate governance while dependent variable is fraudulent financial reporting. Samples in this study are state-owned and affiliated entities listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Test results show that opportunity and rationalization have a very significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting, pressure and capability have a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting, and collusion has a quite significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting, while arrogance and corporate governance has no effect.
СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ У ВИЩІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: Кривцун Ірина
Published: June 2023

Метою дослідження є критичний аналіз сучасних методів оцінки конкурентоспроможності провайдерів освітніх послуг, систематизація критеріїв за типами взаємодії (B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C) та врахування інтересів усіх зацікавлених сторін освітнього процесу. Технологічна революція переформатувала процес навчання, а пандемія прискорила впровадження освітніх інноваційних технологій. Якісно та кількісно змінився склад факторів, що впливають на конкурентоспроможність університетів та їх освітніх послуг. Традиційно основним методом оцінювання конкурентоспроможності в освітній сфері є рейтингування університетів. Однак, широке коло стейкхолдерів не дає змоги розглядати рейтинги як універсальний метод оцінювання. У дослідженні запропонована систематизація критеріїв оцінки конкурентоспроможності університетів/ освітніх послуг за типом взаємовідносин (B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C) та з точки зору усіх зацікавлених сторін освітнього процесу. Проведено порівняльний аналіз сучасних методик рейтингування університетів. Розглянуто особливості застосування методів SWOT-, SOAR-, STEP-, PESTEL-, NOISE-аналізу та визначення частки ринку для оцінювання конкурентоспроможності провайдерів освітніх послуг.
СТАЛИЙ ТУРИЗМ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Соловій Ігор , Адамовський Олександр , Дубовіч Іон
Published: June 2023

Звернено увагу на теоретико-методичні та практичні аспекти сталого туризму в Україні. Акцентовано увагу на визначення сталого туризму та сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму. Проаналізовано основні принципи сталого туризму. Виявлено, що сучасні дослідження щодо перспектив упровадження «зеленої» економіки дозволяють визначити пріоритетні види економічної діяльності. Сформовано рекомендації щодо розвитку сталого туризму в Україні. Звернено увагу на те, що сталий туризм повинен стати взірцем для екологізації всієї індустрії туризму. Підкреслено, що розвиток сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму належить до першочергових видів економічної діяльності з впровадження засад «зеленої» економіки. Обґрунтовано, що одним із важливих інструментів державного регулювання туристичної діяльності є екологічна сертифікація туризму.