bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy in the Management of Posterior Capsular Opacification
Authors: Patil Mrunal Suresh , Balwir Dhiraj Namdeo , Vidhate Swapnil
Published: August 2016

Aims: To study the visual outcome following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and to study the complications associated with Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 100 eyes of 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once diagnosed to have posterior capsular opacification they were subjected to a detailed clinical examination. All patients underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Patients were followed up at 1 hour, 4 hour, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month. At every follow up detailed examination was done. BCVA and any complications were noted. Results: Post-laser, 87% patients had BCVA 6/12 or more at 3 month follow up. 10% patients had BCVA 6/24 to 6/18. Only 3% patients had visual acuity improved to less than 6/24. Out of 3 patients, 1 patient had visual acuity improved to 6/60&in remaining 2 visual acuity improved to 6/36. The complications were seen in 31 (31%) patients. Most common complication observed was transient rise in IOP. 17 eyes (17%) had transiently raised IOP. Second most common noted was pitting of IOL. Pitting was present in 7 (7%) patients, 3 (3%) patients had ruptured anterior face of vitreous, 2 (2%) patients had iritis, 1 (1%) had hyphema and 1 (1%) developed CME. IOP rise was related to grade of PCO and energy used. Conclusion: Improvement in visual acuity after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is excellent. Complications associated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy are minimal. Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe method of restoring vision in patients with posterior capsule opacification.
A Study Evaluation of Tubal Factors of Infertility by Hysterosalpingography and Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Authors: Khetmalas Shrikant Madhukar , Kathaley Manasi H.
Published: August 2016

Background: Reproductive endocrinologist, consider a couple to be infertile if the couple has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive free intercourse if the female is under the age of 34 years. The incidence of infertility in any community varies between 10-15 %. Tubal occlusion is one of the most frequent causes of infertility in women (20-40 %). The evaluation of the fallopian tube is necessary to determine the management plan for infertility. The two most diagnostic procedures which are used for the evaluation of tubal patency are hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy1. Aims of this study were: To study the validity of hysterosalpingography, in detecting tubal factors in infertility, as compared to diagnostic laparoscopy. Material and Method: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary health care center attached to a Medical College. A total number of 114 primary as well as secondary infertility patients were evaluated for tubal factors of infertility. All the infertility cases underwent HSG on day 8th, 9th and 10th day of the menstrual cycles. Laparoscopic chromopertubation was done during proliferative phase of the next menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences ver.18. The result was expressed in mean and standard deviation. "Z" test for the difference between the two means were used. For qualitative data proportion and "Chi" test were used. For assessing the validity of HSG in diagnosing in tubal factors of infertility laparoscopy was used as a gold standard. For the purpose of this study, 95% confidence limit was chosen and corresponding p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study we found that Hysterosalpingography is simple, inexpensive, safe and rapid diagnostic modality for tubal patency then laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is considered the Gold Standard for diagnosing tubal and peritoneal disease. HSG and Laparoscopy are not alternative, but complimentary methods in the examination of tubal patency in case of infertility.
A Comparative Study of Open (Milligan-Morgan) Versus Closed (Ferguson) Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Borse Hemant , Dhake Swapnil
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Hemorrhoidectomy is an operation for third and fourth degree haemorrhoids. There are two methods by which hemorrhoidectomy can be done -open (Milligan-Morgan) in which the wound is left open and allowed to heal by secondary intension and closed (Ferguson) methods in which the wound is closed with absorbale sutures. Aim: To compare post operative pain and recovery in open (Milligan-Morgan) and closed (Ferguson) methods and evaluate optimum choice of the procedure for third or fourth degree hemorrhoids. Study Design: Prospective randomized study. Settings: Department of Surgery, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Center. Duration: Two year (August 2010 to August 2012). Sample Size: 70 cases (35 cases in each group). Inclusion Criteria: Patients with third/four degree hemorrhoids. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with associated anal and perianal conditions like fissure in ano, inflammatory bowel diseases and rectal malignancy, portal hypertension were excluded from the study. Results: Mean hospital stay for open group was 5 days and closed group was 3 days. Post operative pain was seen in 77% in open group and 48 % in closed group. Pain was relieved earlier in closed group. 71% patients had completely healed wounds at 3 weeks in closed group in comparision to only 42% in open group. Anal stenosis was seen in 2 patients of open hemorrhoidectomy. Conclusion: Closed hemorrhoidectomy is the procedure of choice for three/four degree hemorrhoids.
Study of Eosinophil Count in Nasal and Blood Smear in Allergic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Sonawane Ravindra , Ahire Nilesh , Patil Suhas , Korde Abhijit
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are two very common allergic diseases of respiratory tract in pediatric patients. In this geographical area, where the prevalence of allergens exists, the role of allergens as the etiological factor is higher in allergic respiratory disorders. Confirmation of allergen as etiologic agent is cumbersome in a small setup, where IgE estimation and allergy tests are not accessible. In this study, the simple test of peripheral smear and nasal smear eosinophil count as a reliable diagnosis to solve the above problem and establishing allergy as etiological agent has been tried. Material and Methods: For the present study which was conducted over 2 years in children between 2 to 12 years who visited tertiary health care center, Nashik. The allergic respiratory cases based on typical history and clinical features were included in the study and investigated for nasal and blood eosinophilia. Children with TB, recurrent and chronic pneumonia, malnutrition, malignancy, collagen vascular disorders and those who are on steroid therapy were excluded from the study. The clinical profile of allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and nasal and blood eosinophils are studied. Result: Out of 100 patients, there was male predominance and incidence was increasing as age increases. Dust is the most common risk factor for allergic rhinitis followed by weather changes, whereas in allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma, weather change is common risk factor followed by dust and family history. In children with allergic rhinitis with or without bronchial asthma, there is positive relation between nasal and peripheral smear eosinophil count. Conclusion: So, nasal eosinophil count which is simple, non-invasive, economical and reliable can be used as an alternative to invasive peripheral smear eosinophil count as both are equally efficacious in diagnosing allergic respiratory diseases.
Bronchial Carcinoid: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kulkarni Gauri S. , Gawande Sonal C. , Chaudhari Deepandra V. , Bhoyar Anup P.
Published: August 2016

Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors which are slow growing neuroendocrine tumors arising from Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, accounts for 10% of all carcinoid tumors. Mentioned here is a case report of 46 year old male with incidental finding on CXR of left hemithorax inhomogenous opacity and features suggestive of volume loss. CECT showed a well defined 2.5 × 1.5 cm circular intraluminal growth occluding the left main bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed a red, shiny, smooth walled growth 1 cm beyond the carina in the left main bronchus, attached to the roof of the bronchial wall, causing ball valve mechanism. Histopathology and Cytology of needle aspiration from tumor confirmed the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid. To avoid misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of intrabronchial carcinoid a high index of suspicion should be maintained and radiological, brochoscopical and pathological investigations for accurate and early diagnosis must be undertaken.
Study of Aerosol Therapy Compliance in Bronchial Asthmatics
Authors: Mutha B. K. , Kulkarni Gauri S. , Dugad Sushma R. , Borgaonkar Saurabh
Published: August 2016

Asthma is commonly controllable but often neglected disease associated with huge burden to family and society. It is important to obtain optimal control to improve quality of life in asthmatics. The suboptimal control of disease occurs due to very poor adherence to aerosol therapy. Objective is to study the aerosol therapy compliance in bronchial asthmatics and the factors responsible for non compliance of aerosol therapy and effect of repeated health education on compliance. It is a prospective study where patient was followed up monthly for three months for collecting data and checking the compliance. This study included 113 bronchial asthmatics who were taking aerosol therapy for 1 or more years. After three months it was observed that only 45 patient (39.82%) were compliant and 68 (60.17%) were non compliant to aerosol therapy as advised by doctor, after employing various strategies, compliance improved in 22 (32.35%) of the previously compliant patients. Factors responsible for poor compliance were low level of education, patients from poor socioeconomic strata, poorly accessible pharmacy, adverse effect and fear of adverse effect (forgetfulness busy life style, ill altitude to chronic condition) felt better with medications, negligence dislike medication. Non compliance with treatment is an eminent challenge in asthma management and various compliance improving strategies can helpful to improve compliance in few patient.
Методы и средства исследований в социальной психологии
Authors: Дусенко Мария Евгеньевна
Published: August 2016

Социальные работники выступают посредниками между конкретным человеком, нуждающимся в каком-либо виде помощи, его семьей, другими специалистами, учреждениями и обществом в целом. Данные специалисты соединяют в себе функции адвоката, психолога и координатора всех услуг, необходимых ребенку взрослому и всей семье. Поэтому так важны психологические методы и средства в социальной работе, с точки зрения социальной психологии личности.
Особенности эмоционально-личностной сферы и их влияние на поведение у подростков, в посттравматический период
Authors: Лаптев Алексей Станиславович
Published: August 2016

Подростковый возраст характеризуется как переходный, сложный, трудный, критический период, который играет очень важную роль в становлении личности человека. В это время для подростка важна поддержка и понимание со стороны взрослых.
Речевая деятельность как один из показателей расположения личности в континууме от нормы — акцентуации — пограничной аномальной изменчивости — психопатии
Authors: Карпенко Диана Алексеевна , Хачатурова Эмма Валерьевна
Published: August 2016

Изучение проявлений в речевой деятельности своеобразного внутреннего мира подростков в континууме шизоидного психотипа личности, позволяет анализировать особенности мотивации, общения, познавательной деятельности, психической активности и дает возможность для решения круга важнейших проблем, связанных с вопросами ранней психологической диагностики и коррекции.
Targeting Angiogenesis in Cancer Treatments: Where do we Stand?
Authors: Petrovic Nenad
Published: August 2016

Since early seventies of the twentieth century, through seminal work of Judah Folkman, angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel sprouting from the existing vasculature, was recognized as a necessary part of wound healing, development of placenta, tissue growth and regeneration as well as cancer progression. This process is induced by low tissue oxygenation and it is a crucial prerequisite for rapid tissue growth, providing proper oxygen supply and removal of toxic metabolites. Suppression of angiogenesis as a way of slowing down tumor progression continues to be one of the most important areas of cancer research. The angiogenic process is relatively complex and it is regulated by numerous pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Intensive research in the last twenty years resulted in identification of more than 300 angiogenesis inhibitors, a trend that is expected to continue. Unfortunately, most of these treatments have demonstrated unacceptable toxicities or failed to show activity in clinical studies. Although not yet completely understood, the complex process of tumor angiogenesis involves highly regulated orchestration of multiple activating and inhibiting factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptors appear to play a central role in angiogenesis activation. Thus, initial efforts to develop anti-angiogenic treatments focused largely on inhibiting VEGF action. Such approaches, however, often lead to transient responses due to multiple pathways able to compensate for a single pathway inhibited. Accordingly, more recent treatments have focused on simultaneous inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. This review concentrates on identifying those anti-angiogenic treatments that made to the clinic by receiving approval by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as treatments for cancer. Regardless of observed problems, it is an imperative that research in angiogenesis regulation continues. Consequently, pharmacological manipulation of angiogenesis may yet to introduce truly new pharmacological therapies into the field of cancer therapy, the field that was rather dormant in the last several decades. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Evaluation Outcomes Associated with Alternative Dosing Strategies for Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Hui , Cui Xiangli , Ma Zhuo , Liu Lihong
Published: August 2016

A better dosing strategy can improve clinical outcomes for patients. We systematically reviewed the literatures to determine whether any clinical benefits exist for piperacillin/tazobactam by extended or continuous infusion. Methods - A search of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Embase and related ICAAC and ACCP conferences were conducted up to September 5, 2015. Randomized controlled and observational studies that compared extended or continuous infusion with conventional intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam were identified from the databases above and analyzed. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodology and extracted data from primary studies. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 software. The quality of each study was assessed. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were evaluated. Results - Three randomized controlled trials and twelve observational studies were included in this study. All included studies had high quality and no publication bias was found. Compared to the conventional intermittent infusion approach, the extended or continuous infusion group had a significant cost effectiveness (OR -0.89.02, CI (-114.69,-63.35), P<0.00001). No statistical difference was observed for clinical cure rate (OR 1.64, 95% CI (0.88, 3.30), P=0.12) between the two dosing regimens. The sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable. Conclusions - Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that the outcomes associated with alternative dosing strategies of piperacillin/tazobactam have changed compared with conclusions before for several literatures with large samples published. Further data on the outcomes should be generated for a better understanding of the extended or continuous infusion strategy. On the whole, our meta-analysis suggested that the extended or continuous infusion should be recommended for clinical use only considering its economic advantage, but there was no significantly higher clinical cure rate and lower mortality rate compared with the conventional intermittent infusion. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Development of Tat-Conjugated Dendrimer for Transdermal DNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Bahadoran Azadeh , Moeini Hassan , Bejo Mohd Hair , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Omar Abdul Rahman
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE: In order to enhance cellular uptake and to facilitate transdermal delivery of DNA vaccine, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers conjugated with HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT) was developed. METHODS: First, the plasmid DNA (pIRES-H5/GFP) nanoparticle was formulated using PAMAM dendrimer and TAT peptide and then characterized for surface charge, particle size, DNA encapsulation and protection of the pIRES-H5/GFP DNA plasmid to enzymatic digestion. Subsequently, the potency of the TAT-conjugated dendrimer for gene delivery was evaluated through in vitro transfection into Vero cells followed by gene expression analysis including western blotting, fluorescent microscopy and PCR. The effect of the TAT peptide on cellular uptake of DNA vaccine was studied by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Finally, the ability of TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer for transdermal delivery of the DNA plasmid was assessed through artificial membranes followed by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS: TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer showed the ability to form a compact and nanometre-sized polyplexes with the plasmid DNA, having the size range of 105 to 115 nm and a positive charge of +42 to +45 mV over the N/P ratio of 6:1(+/-).  In vitro transfection analysis into Vero cells confirms the high potency of TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer to enhance the cellular uptake of DNA vaccine.  The permeability value assay through artificial membranes reveals that TAT-conjugated PAMAM has more capacity for transdermal delivery of the DNA compared to unmodified PAMAM dendrimer (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer is a promising non-viral vector for transdermal use.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) Recovered from Burn Patients
Authors: Adibhesami Habibeh , Douraghi Masoumeh , Zeraati Hojjat , Bazmi Fariba , Rahbar Mohammad , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Tabrizi Mahboobeh Satarzadeh , Aliramezani Amir , Ghourchian Sedigheh
Published: August 2016

Purpose. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and their prolonged presence in burn units increases the risk of acquisition of CRAB. Methods. From November 2012 to September 2013, 1474 burn patients were screened for CRAB isolates through testing susceptibility to imipenem and its comparators meropenem, and doripenem. Furthermore, the in vitro activity of other antibiotics against CRAB was investigated.  Results. Three patients were infected with carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB) and 168 were infected with CRAB. Approximately one-fifth (n=32) of CRAB isolates were obtained from patients hospitalized in Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU). Most of CRABs were isolated from wound. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital prior to A. baumannii isolation was significantly higher for CRAB compared to CSAB cases (P=0.04). Amongst the independent variables, percentage of total burn surface area (TBSA) significantly increased the mortality rate using multivariate logistic regression (P=0.001, OR= 16.5; 95% CI: 4.72-57.7). The majority of tested isolates were resistant to imipenem (94.8%), and to its comparators, doripenem (97.7%), and meropenem (97.7%). The susceptibility of CRAB isolates was less than 10% to all tested antibiotics except for colistin (100%), doxycycline (61.9%), gentamicin (18.5%), and tigecycline (11.9%). Conclusion. Resistance to carbapenem reduces the number of effective antibiotics. The coordinated and intensive efforts of healthcare personnel are required to meet the challenge of dissemination of CRAB.
Evolución histórica de la legislación del delito de contrabando en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Quintero Hernando A. , Barrero Juan Manuel
Published: August 2016

Tradicionalmente, los países han sancionado el contrabando por el perjuicio que puede ocasionar a su economía, pero también como una forma de arbitrarse recursos para su funcionamiento. Colombia ha castigado este comportamiento unas veces como infracción administrativa, otras como conducta punible y en no pocas ocasiones combinando las dos formas de reacción punitiva. En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de la evolución legislativa para enfrentar este comportamiento en nuestro país, desde la colonia hasta la reciente Ley 1762 de 2015.
Kaieteur Falls
Authors: Dabydeen Cyril
Published: August 2016

Photo
CPI Welcomes Cyril Dabydeen’s Anthology: “Myth-Making: From Margin to Centre”
Authors: DePass Cecille , Abdi Ali A.
Published: August 2016

CPI’s, summer and fall issues for 2016, continue to hold tremendous promise for the Journal’s well -being. The special, summer issue, by Cyril Dabydeen, well known author and poet, explicates the journal’s movement into the domain of postcolonial poetry. The decision was deliberate. It indicates CPI’s desire to expand its repertoire of publications, implied over the years by the presence of a few poems by Townai Duchscher and more recently, Tania Guerrero. Once again, ‘the Empire [continues to] write back’ (Ashcroft et al, 1989).
Cyril Dabydeen Biography
Authors: Dabydeen Cyril
Published: August 2016

Biography
Trait association among beta carotene content and yield attributes in recombinant inbred lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Naveen R . , Sumathi P . , Manivannan N .
Published: August 2016

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the staple diet for a vast majority of poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of India. An experiment was conducted at Millet Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to determine the interrelationship between yield and yield component traits in 250 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of pearl millet during summer 2015. A perusal of the results of this study showed positive significant and strong genotypic and phenotypic correlations between grain yield per plant and plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead girth, single earhead weight, single earhead grain weight, 1000- grain weight and beta carotene content. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of productive tillers per plant and single earhead grain weight had high direct effect on grain yield per plant. High indirect effect on grain yield per plant was caused by single earhead weight via single earhead grain weight and single earhead weight, single earhead grain weight and 1000- grain weight influences grain yield per plant through moderate positive indirect effect of number via productive tillers per plant. Based on the present results, it could be concluded that number of productive tillers per plant, earhead girth, single earhead weight and single earhead grain weight could be identified as the most important traits that are associated with grain yield in pearl millet. Hence these traits can be used as selection criteria for yield improvement in pearl millet.
Effect of different levels of egg-yolk on freezability of Jakhrana buck semen
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Rai B. , Gangwar Chetna , Lone S. A. , Kumar Anshuman , Gupta S. K. , Maurya Vipin
Published: August 2016

The present study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of egg-yolk on freezability of Jakhrana buck semen. Six healthy Jakhrana bucks (BW=30 ± 2kg, age=12 ± 0.5 month) were used for semen collection. These bucks were maintained under semi-intensive system at Jakhrana Unit of C.I.R.G. Makhdoom, Mathura. A total of 48 ejaculates (6 bucks × 8 replicates) were collected twice a week using artificial vagina. Each ejaculate was divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4). The G1, G2, G3 and G4 were extended with Tris-egg yolk-citric acid- fructose-glycerol (TEYCFG) extenders containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% egg yolk level, respectively. Each ejaculate was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, abnormality, and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) response and acrosome integrity before and after freezing. At pre-freeze stage no significant (P>0.05) difference in sperm motility and viability was found among all groups. Sperm abnormality was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G4 as compared to other groups (G1, G2, G3). The HOS response and acrosomal integrity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G1, G2 and G3 as compared to G4. However, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in HOS response and acrosomal integrity among G1, G2 and G3. At post thaw stage, sperm motility, viability and HOS response was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G1 and G2 as compared to G3 and G4. Sperm abnormality was significantly (P<0.05) lower in G2 as compared to other groups. The acrosomal integrity was significantly (P<0.01) higher in G1 and G2 as compared to G3 and G4. It is concluded that 10% egg yolk in Tris based extender may be the best for successful cryopreservation of Jakhrana buck semen.
Factors affecting first lactation cumulative monthlymilk yields in Frieswal cattle
Authors: Rajeev SPACE , Singh Rajbir , Kumar Ravinder , Raja T. V. , Ali Y. P. Singh Nazim , Maurya Prabhakar
Published: August 2016

A study was conducted to analyse the effect of various factors on cumulative monthly milk yields in Frieswal cows at Military Dairy Farm, Meerut, over a period of eight years (2006-2013). A total of 441 part lactation records of cows born to 30 Frieswal sires were analyzed using the SAS (2002) software. The least squares’ model developed for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days yields accounted for 13.5, 13.5, 12.8, 12.0, 11.5, 11.6, 11.3, 10.3, 13.7 and 13.7 per cent of the total variation, respectively. The overall least squares’ averages for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days of first lactation yields were estimated as 313.29, 660.83, 998.19, 1321.58, 1627.06, 1916.78, 2201.26, 2445.01, 2741.04 and 2972.64 kg, respectively. The effects of sire, season and period of calving were found to be statistically non-significant on any of the cumulative monthly part lactation yields while the regression of monthly part yields on AFC was found to be highly significant (P<0.01). Based on the results it was concluded that the AFC was the most significant factor which alters the cumulative part lactation yields in Frieswal cattle while the other factors like sire of cows, season and period of calving did not alter the part yields significantly. The cows calved during rainy season produce comparatively higher yield followed by summer and winter calvers. It may also be concluded that the genetic selection programme implemented in the Frieswal project resulted in increasing the milk production over the years of study.
Assessment of genetic diversity of soybean genotypes differing in resistance against yellow mosaic virus using simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Kumar Vineet . , Rani Anita . , Gill B. S. , Morya Vaishali . , Rawal Reena .
Published: August 2016

Yellow mosaic virus disease is one of the major diseases of soybean in India. Genetic basis of 41 soybean genotypes varying in resistance against yellow mosaic virus was studied using 58 simple sequence repeat primers. A total of 140 alleles with an average of 2.41 alleles per locus were detected, which indicated very narrow genetic base of the genotypes studied. The polymorphic information content varied from 0.00 to 0.754 with an average of 0.357. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average allocated the genotypes in 2 major clusters separated at 41% similarity with fairly good bootstrap support. Ten unique alleles observed in the study can be used for identification of genotype possessing that particular unique allele. The resistant group comprised of 21 genotypes with similarity coefficient 0.33 to 0.805, of which 20 genotypes were classified in a single sub-cluster. The results presented are of significance with regard to the identification of suitable donor parents for incorporating yellow mosaic resistance into popular soybean varieties. Genetically diverse parents with varying resistance against yellow mosaic virus identified in the study can be used for generating mapping population for the identification of SSR markers closely linked with yellow mosaic virus.
El aplauso al presidente Aznar: estructuras sintáctico-pragmáticas que lo propician
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Luis
Published: August 2016

Entre las incidencias (protestas, risas, rumores, etc.) que se suman en un discurso a la palabra del orador, está el aplauso. En este artículo, tras proponer una clasificación de los componentes verbales, paraverbales y kinésicos que propician dicho aplauso, analizaremos el grupo más frecuente que hemos encontrado entre los verbales: aquellos que dependen de estructuras sintáctico-pragmáticas (serie enumerativa, refuerzo argumentativo, posicionamiento y contraste). El corpus del que hemos partido consta de los discursos de José María Aznar emitidos en los debates del estado de la nación en que participó como presidente del gobierno español (1997-2003).
Aproximación al tratamiento lexicográfico de los verbos de cambio en tres diccionarios generales del español
Authors: Conde Noguerol María Eugenia
Published: August 2016

Esta pequeña aportación filológica pretende acercarse al tratamiento lexicográfico que reciben los denominados ‘verbos de cambio de estado’ —siguiendo la terminología de autores como Porroche (1994) o Coronado (1994), entre otros— en tres diccionarios generales del español, como son el Diccionario de la lengua española, de la Real Academia Española, el Diccionario de uso del español, de María Moliner y el Diccionario ‘Coruña’ de la lengua española, dirigido por el profesor Porto Dapena*. Se trata de analizar cuáles son los criterios lexicográficos que siguen estos diccionarios generales del español a la hora de reflejar la peculiaridad constructiva que singulariza a este tipo de verbos.  *Para obtener un análisis del tratamiento lexicográfico de los verbos de cambio con valor pseudo-copulativo en cinco diccionarios didácticos del español, véase Oreal (2008).
Experimental Dissection of Metalloproteinase Inhibition-Mediated and Toxic Effects of Phenanthroline on Zebrafish Development.
Authors: Ellis Tonya R. , Crawford Bryan D.
Published: August 2016

Metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that function as primary effectors of tissue remodelling, cell-signalling, and many other roles. Their regulation is ferociously complex, and is exquisitely sensitive to their molecular milieu, making in vivo studies challenging. Phenanthroline (PhN) is an inexpensive, broad-spectrum inhibitor of metalloproteinases that functions by chelating the catalytic zinc ion, however its use in vivo has been limited due to suspected off-target effects. PhN is very similar in structure to phenanthrene (Phe), a well-studied poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) known to cause toxicity in aquatic animals by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We show that zebrafish are more sensitive to PhN than Phe, and that PhN causes a superset of the effects caused by Phe. Morpholino knock-down of the AhR rescues the effects of PhN that are shared with Phe, suggesting these are due to PAH toxicity. The effects of PhN that are not shared with Phe (specifically disruption of neural crest development and angiogenesis) involve processes known to depend on metalloproteinase activity. Furthermore these PhN-specific effects are not rescued by AhR knock-down, suggesting that these are bona fide effects of metalloproteinase inhibition, and that PhN can be used as a broad spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor for studies with zebrafish in vivo.
The Novelty of Infinite Series for the Complete Elliptic Integral of the First Kind
Authors: Rohedi Ali Yunus , Pramono Yono Hadi , Widodo Basuki , Yahya Eddy
Published: August 2016

According to the fact that the low convergence level on the complete elliptic integral of the first kind for the modulus which having values approach to one. In this paper we propose novelty of the complete elliptic integral consists of the new infinite series. We apply the scheme of iteration by substituting the common modulus with own modulus function into the new infinite series. We obtained so many new exact formulas of the complete elliptic integral derived from this method correspond to the number of iteration order. On the other hand, it has been also obtained a lot of new modulus functions rather than common used previously. The calculation results show that the number of significant figures of the new infinite series of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind is increased more and more. It means more fastly convergent would be obtained comparison values with the previous infinite series.
Motor Imagery Practice for Enhancing Elevé Performance Among Professional Dancers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abraham Amit , Dunsky Ayelet , Dickstein Ruth
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE: Eleve is a core dance movement requiring the greatest ankle plantarflexion (PF) range of motion (ROM). One possible way to enhance eleve performance is by using motor imagery practice (MIP). The aims of this pilot study were to investigate: 1) functional ankle PF maximal
angles and ROM while performing eleve among professional dancers, 2) the effect of MIP on enhancing eleve performance, and 3) participants’ views on the MIP intervention and its feasibility in a professional dance company setting. METHODS: Five professional dancers, mean age 31 yrs (SD
1.87), participated in a 2-week MIP intervention. Data on ankle PF maximal angles and ROM were collected pre- and post-intervention using 3-dimensional motion capture while performing repeat (10 repetitions) and static (10 sec) eleve. RESULTS: At baseline, ankle PF maximal angles were 169.20°
(SD 2.81°) and 168.36° (2.23°) and ankle PF ROM were 40.21° (3.35°) and 35.94° (3.95°) for the repeat and static tasks, respectively. After the MIP intervention, ankle PF maximal angles were 170.28° (4.26°) and 170.74° (3.77°) and ankle PF ROM were
41.53° (2.33°) and 39.30° (2.30°) for the repeat and static tasks, respectively. Feasibility of MIP was established with 100% compliance and positive views were expressed by participants. CONCLUSION: The results suggest MIP holds potential as an adjunct training method for
enhancing elev. performance among professional dancers.
Visual Complaints and Eye Problems in Orchestral Musicians
Authors: Beckers Henny JM , van Kooten-Noordzij Marina AW , de Crom Ronald MPC , Schouten Jan SAG , Webers Carroll AB
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE: To study visual complaints and eye diseases among professional and amateur orchestral musicians in the Netherlands. METHODS: In this observational study, members from professional and amateur symphony or wind orchestras were asked to complete a questionnaire collecting demographic
data, musical, medical, and family history, and data on present visual complaints and/or eye diseases. Questions about playing in the orchestra were also asked. RESULTS: Data from 70 professionals and 48 amateurs showed that most musicians needed glasses or contact lenses for playing in the
orchestra (61% of the professionals, 63% of the amateurs). A majority (66% of professionals, 71% of amateurs) had visited an ophthalmologist at least once during their lifetime, and 10% of the professionals and 23% of the amateurs were currently under treatment of an ophthalmologist. Visual
complaints while playing in the orchestra were quite common and included poor lighting conditions, problems with reading small notes, blurred vision, tired eyes, and itching or burning eyes. Professional musicians especially reported adverse effects of eye complaints encountered in the orchestra
for daily life; 35% got tired earlier and 33% felt that they could not adequately perform their tasks in the orchestra. CONCLUSION: The results show that visual complaints and eye problems probably are quite common among orchestral musicians and therefore warrant further interest and research.
Assessment of Maximum Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Threshold of Elite Ballet Dancers
Authors: Wyon Matthew A , Allen Nick , Cloak Ross , Beck Sarah , Davies Paul , Clarke Frances
Published: August 2016

An athlete’s cardiorespiratory profile, maximal aerobic capacity, and anaerobic threshold is affected by training regimen and competition demands. The present study aimed to ascertain whether there are company rank differences in maximal aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold
in elite classical ballet dancers. Seventy-four volunteers (M 34, F 40) were recruited from two full-time professional classical ballet companies. All participants completed a continuous incremental treadmill protocol with a 1-km/hr speed increase at the end of each 1-min stage until termination
criteria had been achieved (e.g., voluntary cessation, respiratory exchange ratio <1.15, HR ±5 bpm of estimated HRmax). Peak VO2 (5-breathe smooth) was recorded and anaerobic threshold calculated using ventilatory curve and ventilatory equivalents methods. Statistical analysis reported
between-subject effects for gender (F1,67=35.18, p<0.001) and rank (F1,67=8.67, p<0.001); post hoc tests reported soloists (39.5±5.15 mL/kg/min) as having significantly lower VO2 peak than artists (45.9±5.75 mL/kg/min, p<0.001) and principal dancers (48.07±3.24
mL/kg/min, p<0.001). Significant differences in anaerobic threshold were reported for age (F1,67=7.68, p=0.008) and rank (F1,67=3.56, p=0.034); post hoc tests reported artists (75.8±5.45%) having significantly lower anaerobic threshold than soloists (80.9±5.71, p<0.01)
and principals (84.1±4.84%, p<0.001). The observed differences in VO2 peak and anaerobic threshold between the ranks in ballet companies are probably due to the different rehearsal and performance demands.
Playing-Related Health Problems Among Instrumental Music Students at a University in Malaysia
Authors: Lonsdale Karen , Boon Ong Kuan
Published: August 2016

Musicians from a wide range of backgrounds experience playing-related health problems including musculoskeletal disorders, hearing loss, and performance anxiety. Few studies have focused specifically on the health concerns of musicians in Malaysia. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate
playing-related health problems among student musicians at a university in Malaysia as well as their knowledge and awareness of playing-related health problems. METHODS: Instrumental music students enrolled in undergraduate and post-graduate university music courses (n=98) participated in
a self-report online survey which addressed aspects such as educational background, playing experience, knowledge and awareness of musicians’ health issues, history of physical problems, lifestyle factors, and prevention and management strategies. RESULTS: Of the total participants,
28.9% reported that they were currently experiencing playing-related pain in a body part, and 46.4% had experienced playing-related pain at some time. More than half (56.7%) felt that they have not received enough information or advice on playing-related health during their current studies.
Musicians who experienced playing-related pain, tension, and discomfort reported the main problem sites to be the fingers and hands, arms, neck, and shoulders. CONCLUSIONS: The study results demonstrate that Malaysian university music students are affected by similar types of playing-related
physical problems as their counterparts around the world. A greater awareness and knowledge of injury prevention and management strategies is needed so that these music students can sustain healthy playing careers.
Trust, Satisfaction, and Confidence in Health Care Providers Among Student and Professional Dancers in France
Authors: Alimena Stephanie , Air Mary E
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Patients who trust their physicians are more likely to communicate about medical problems, adhere to medical advice, and be satisfied with care. Dancers have demonstrated low utilization of physician services for both preventive care and dance injuries. The purpose of this
cross-sectional study was to examine trust in physicians as a variable influencing dancers’ health care-seeking behavior. METHODS: The validated Trust in Physician Scale was administered to 45 professional and 34 student ballet/contemporary dancers in France (36.7% male, 63.3% female)
to evaluate their trust in medical doctors (MDs) vs physical therapists (PTs). Dancers were also asked about satisfaction and confidence in medical treatment for dance injuries. RESULTS: Dancers indicated greater trust in PTs than MDs (70.61±10.57 vs 65.38±10.79, t=–3.499,
p=0.001). Students exhibited significantly less trust in MDs than professional dancers (62.04±9.96 vs 67.65±10.42, t=–2.381, p=0.020). Trust scale scores for PTs did not differ between students and professionals (69.53±8.30 vs 71.68±12.09, t=–0.866,
p=0.389). Students were less confident than professional dancers in their physician’s ability to treat their most severe injury (6.7% of students vs 35.7% of professionals “very confident,” X2=9.402, p=0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Dancer patients exhibit lower trust in physicians
compared to previously studied non-dancer populations. Our results suggest that reduced trust in physicians and factors related to professional status may influence dancers’ health care-seeking behavior. Student dancers may comprise a unique subpopulation of dancers with distinctive
health care needs.
In the September Issue
Authors: Krasnow Donna
Published: August 2016

It is undeniable that the research and clinical knowledge base in performing arts medicine continues to develop, as discussed in the June editorial in Medical Problems of Performing Artists. This growth in research is certainly evident in dance, as in other areas of
the performing arts. The breadth of the research includes the studies of biomechanics, conditioning and supplementary training practices, injury prevention and rehabilitation, motor control, nutrition, physics, and psychology.
Heritage and L2 processing of person and number features: Evidence from Spanish subject-verb agreement
Authors: Rodríguez Estrella , Reglero Lara
Published: August 2016

This article reports on a study, with online measures, which investigated the processing of subject–verb (SV) agreement sentences by one group of heritage Spanish speakers (HSs), two groups of L2 learners of Spanish (L1 English) and one group of traditional Spanish native speakers. Experimental SV sentences manipulated person and number features with subjects and verbs in the present tense. Between-group statistical analyses indicated differential processing between the heritage and the L2 groups. The heritage group’s performance was more native-like than the L2 participants. Within-subject tests showed some similar patterns between heritage and L2 high-level processing, including delayed sensitivity to ungrammaticality after the verb region. We argue that the HSs were able to process basic grammar structures, just as traditional native speakers do. This suggests early bilingualism conferred an advantage to HSS when compared to L2 learners, in the control of basic agreement in Spanish.
Understanding the inheritors: The perception of beginning level students toward their Spanish as a Heritage Language program
Authors: Vergara Wilson Damián , Ibarra Carlos Enrique
Published: August 2016

How do students perceive their Spanish as a Heritage Language (SHL) program at a large southwestern university? Student perceptions of their language classes may be linked to affective needs and motivation (Tse, 2000) and a resolution of the potential mismatch between the perceptions of educators and students can lead to greater engagement and student satisfaction (Beaudrie, 2015). This study reports on the perspective of beginning-level students in 35 interviews conducted by the authors in order to gain insight into how participants conceive of the SHL program. The findings show that the participants respond positively to and comprehend the value of a pedagogical approach that values students’ home varieties. They also recognize both the social importance and pedagogical potential of exploring bilingual community practices, such as code-switching. The findings support an approach that fosters engagement with the participants’ speech communities as a valuable source of linguistic and cultural input.
Review: Beaudrie, Sara, Ducar, Cynthia, & Potowski, Kim (2014). Heritage language teaching: Research and practice. New York, New York: McGraw Hill.
Authors: Henshaw Florencia G.
Published: August 2016

This review introduces readers to Heritage language teaching: Research and practice, by Sara Beaudrie, Cynthia Ducar, and Kim Potowski, which is part of the “Directions in Second Language Learning” series. This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of key concepts, research findings, and pedagogical strategies to better meet the needs of heritage learners, and it underscores the importance of sociolinguistic issues and phenomena in heritage language instruction.
Review: Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. (2014). Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Carmen
Published: August 2016

Carmen Silva-Corvalán’s Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years explores the linguistic formation of her two grandsons from ages 0 to 6. This review discusses Silva-Corvalán’s main findings and the issues related to the amount of exposure and the use of two languages in various linguistic domains in early bilingual acquisition. It also highlights the merits of this extensive and unique research project while at the same time pinpoints some methodological challenges faced by longitudinal studies such as this one.
Review: Austin, Jennifer, Blume, María, & Sánchez, Liliana (2015). Bilingualism in the Spanish-speaking world: Linguistic and cognitive perspectives. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Authors: Fionda Maria I.
Published: August 2016

The book reviewed here may serve as an excellent resource for advanced undergraduate students of linguistics, as well as graduates and scholars in the field and related disciplines. It comprises five chapters that explore, through three Spanish bilingual communities, the following topics: basic concepts in bilingualism, such as code-switching and language transfer; a brief historical review of Spanish bilingualism; proposed definitions of bilingualism and the different ways in which bilinguals may be classified according to factors such as language competence and age of acquisition; the effect of bilingualism on the brains and minds of bilingual speakers, such as increased cortical activation and enhanced literacy; and, finally, the development and outcomes of bilingualism on the linguistic representations of bilingual speakers. The authors cover a breadth of research, rendering it accessible by succinctly reviewing findings, and further identify areas for future research.