bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraosseous schwannoma mimicking periapical radiolucency of mandible
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Kondajji Ramachandra , Jain Vanshika , Mehta Sushma , Mamthashri Veeranjaneyalu , Kavya Bettadahalli Thimmaiah
Published: August 2024

Intraosseous schwannoma is a rare entity with less than 1% reported cases. Having predilection for posterior mandible, they are clinically slow growing and asymptomatic until they manifest as intra or extra oral swelling with or without nerve paraesthesia. 38-year-old female patient reported with chief complaint of swelling in lower left back teeth region gradually increasing to current size in last three months. With history of recent extraction, and well-defined, uniformly radiolucent lesion having sclerotic margins and buccal cortical breach, a provisional diagnosis of residual cyst of 36 was considered. However, incisional biopsy revealed it to be schwannoma, thereby changing the course of management. Absence of conclusive clinical signs and symptoms and non-specific radiographic features make intraosseous schwannoma a challenging diagnosis. It is therefore important that careful attention be paid to adjoining radiographic structures and possible nerve involvement.
Policy Impact and Voter Mobilization: Evidence from Farmers’ Trade War Experiences
Authors: JARES JAKE ALTON , MALHOTRA NEIL
Published: August 2024

How does the extent of policy benefits—not simply their presence—affect political engagement? While fundamental to understanding the electoral implications of economic policymaking, addressing this question is challenging due to the difficulty of measuring individual voters’ policy outcomes. We examine a natural experiment embedded in President Trump’s Market Facilitation Program (MFP), which aided a core Republican constituency: farmers harmed by his 2018 trade war. Due to idiosyncrasies of program design, the MFP undercompensated some farmers for their trade war losses—and significantly overcompensated others—based solely on their 2018 crop portfolios. Analyzing over 165,000 affected voters, we show that improved compensation outcomes had negligible impacts on Republican farmers’ midterm turnout and campaign contributions, even though such variation in benefits significantly affected farmers’ propensity to view the intervention as helpful. This null result is important—our estimates suggest that even highly salient variation in policy outcomes may have limited mobilizing capacity.
Trading Diversity? Judicial Diversity and Case Outcomes in Federal Courts
Authors: COPUS RYAN , HÜBERT RYAN , PELLATON PAIGE
Published: August 2024

Are federal lawsuits resolved differently based on the race or gender of the judges assigned to hear them? Recent empirical research posits that women and judges of color decide cases more liberally, at least in some identity-salient areas of law. However, these studies analyze small numbers of cases and judges, and use research designs that limit their causal interpretations. Using an original dataset of all civil rights cases filed in 20 federal district courts over multiple decades and a strong causal identification strategy, we find that assignment of cases to judges of color or women has no statistically significant effect on case outcomes among Democratic appointees. However, it causes more conservative outcomes among Republican appointees. We explain these results with a theory of bargaining over judicial appointments in which Republican presidents take advantage of Democrats’ preference for diversity on the bench to appoint more conservative judges.
Sediment Provenance Along the Middle Miocene‐Pleistocene Nankai Subduction Zone From Sediment Transport to Accretion: Implications for Stratigraphy in the Accretionary Prism
Authors: Cornard P. H. , Dawson H. L. , Pickering K. T.
Published: August 2024

Based on U‐Pb dating of zircon crystals and petrographic analysis, this study provides new insights into the paleogeographic and accretion evolution along SW Japan. Our data are consistent with an older submarine fan identified from drilling in the Shikoku Basin (Kyushu Fan ∼14.7–12.2 Ma), having a mixed sand provenance from the paleo‐Yangtze/Yellow rivers and the Shimanto Belt, and the younger Zenisu Fan (∼9.2–7.6 Ma), which is mainly sourced from the Shimanto Belt and the Izu‐Bonin/Honshu arc collision. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis of very oblique subduction or strike‐slip motion between the northern Shikoku Basin and mainland Honshu from ∼12.2 to 9.2 Ma, after which essentially orthogonal subduction occurred after ∼8 Ma. The two main sandbodies drilled at IODP Site C0002 within the inner Nankai Accretionary Prism have similar petrographic signatures to those of the Zenisu and Kyushu submarine fans in the Shikoku Basin. The incorporation of the Shikoku Basin deposits most likely resulted from the seaward propagation of in‐sequence thrusts forming an outer accretionary wedge. The incorporation of the Kyushu Fan into the inner accretionary prism implies that the décollement was located in the hemipelagic interval beneath the Kyushu Fan at least until ∼2 Ma, whereas it is now located in the hemipelagic intervals below the Zenisu Fan. Such shifts in décollement location are most likely related to changes in physical properties of the hemipelagic interval due to significant compaction and diagenesis during subduction.
2021 Heatwave Over Western North America: Structural Uncertainty and Internal Variability in GCM Projections of Humidex and Temperature Extremes
Authors: Jeong Dae Il , Yu Bin , Cannon Alex J.
Published: August 2024

The 2021 heatwave over Western North America (WNA) led to record‐breaking air temperatures and human‐perceived heat stress (humidex) values. The event was accompanied by drier conditions driven by prolonged atmospheric blocking. During the heatwave, the maximum 6‐day means of humidex and temperature (HX‐6 and TX‐6) exhibited larger anomalies (6.70 and 5.57°C) compared to the 95th percentiles (HX95 and TX95) (4.12 and 3.73°C), relative to 1981–2021 extended summer (June‐September) averages. Extreme indices of humidex show faster and larger increases than those of temperature, reflecting the nonlinear positive relationship between humidex and temperature. Future projections from a multi‐model ensemble of 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase six (CMIP6) Global Climate Models (GCMs) clearly show an increase in humidex and temperature extremes, especially under intermediate and high emissions scenarios. Humidex indices (HX‐6 and HX95) show faster and larger increases than temperature indices (TX‐6 and TX95) for the same future years and global warming levels. Controlling for differences in GCM climate sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing yields robust projections at various global warming levels, reducing the ranges of projected changes from the multi‐model ensemble. At 3.0°C global warming from pre‐industrial, the multi‐model ensemble projects occurrences of HX‐6, TX‐6, HX95, and TX95 over WNA that exceed 2021 levels to occur every 3.9, 1.7, 1.4, and 2.2 years, respectively, increasing to almost annually at 4.0°C.
Sensitivity of Australian Rainfall to Driving SST Data Sets in a Variable‐Resolution Global Atmospheric Model
Authors: Liu Ying Lung , Alexander Lisa V. , Evans Jason P. , Thatcher Marcus
Published: August 2024

In this study, we employ the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM), a variable‐resolution global atmospheric model, driven by two distinct sea surface temperature (SST) data sets: the 0.25° Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (CCAM_OISST) version 2.1 and the 2° Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 5 (CCAM_ERSST5). Model performance is assessed using a benchmarking framework, revealing good agreement between both simulations and the climatological rainfall spatial pattern, seasonality, and annual trends obtained from the Australian Gridded Climate Data (AGCD). Notably, wet biases are identified in both simulations, with CCAM_OISST displaying a more pronounced bias. Furthermore, we have examined CCAM’s ability to capture El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) correlations with rainfall during Austral spring (SON) utilizing a novel hit rate metric. Results indicate that only CCAM_OISST successfully replicates observed SON ENSO‐ and IOD‐rainfall correlations, achieving hit rates of 86.6% and 87.5%, respectively, compared to 52.7% and 41.8% for CCAM_ERSST5. Large SST differences are found surrounding the Australian coastline between OISST and ERSST5 (termed the “Coastal Effect”). Differences can be induced by the spatial interpolation error due to the discrepancy between model and driving SST. An additional CCAM experiment, employing OISST with SST masked by ERSST5 in 5° proximity to the Australian continent, underscores the “Coastal Effect” has a significant impact on IOD‐Australian rainfall simulations. In contrast, its influence on ENSO‐Australian rainfall is limited. Therefore, simulations of IOD‐Australian rainfall teleconnection are sensitive to local SST representation along coastlines, probably dependent on the spatial resolution of driving SST.
Transient Aseismic Vertical Deformation Across the Steeply‐Dipping Pisia‐Skinos Normal Fault (Gulf of Corinth, Greece)
Authors: Mildon Zoë K. , Diercks Manuel , Roberts Gerald P. , Faure Walker Joanna P. , Ganas Athanassios , Papanikolaou Ioannis , Sakas Vassilis , Robertson Jenni , Sgambato Claudia , Mitchell Sam
Published: August 2024

Geodetically‐derived deformation rates are sometimes used to infer seismic hazard, implicitly assuming that short‐term (annual‐decadal) deformation is representative of longer‐term deformation. This is despite geological observations indicating that deformation/slip rates are variable over a range of timescales. Using geodetic data from 2016 to 2021, we observe an up to 7‐fold increase in vertical deformation rate in mid‐2019 across the Pisia‐Skinos normal fault in Greece. We hypothesize that this deformation is aseismic as there is no temporally correlated increase in the earthquake activity (M > 1). We explore four possible physical mechanisms, and our preferred hypothesis is that the transient deformation is caused by centimeter‐scale slip in the upper 5 km of the Pisia fault zone. This is the first observation of shallow tectonic (i.e., not related to human activities) aseismic deformation on a normal fault globally. Our results suggest that continental normal faults can exhibit variable deformation over shorter timescales than previously observed, and thus care should be taken when utilizing geodetic rates to quantify seismic hazard.
Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives
Authors: Shi Xiaoli , Wang Xinyi , Yao Wentao , Shi Dongmin , Shao Xihuan , Lu Zhengqing , Chai Yue , Song Jinhua , Tang Weiwei , Wang Xuehao
Published: August 2024

Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process. Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination. Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers. Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. A profound understanding of the metastatic process’s biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes, important signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, metabolic processes, peripheral immunity, and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis. In addition, we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis. We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis, encompassing drug resistance, restricted animal models, inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods, as well as heterogeneity among others. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.
A novel interface for cortical columnar neuromodulation with multipoint infrared neural stimulation
Authors: Tian Feiyan , Zhang Ying , Schriver Kenneth E. , Hu Jia Ming , Roe Anna Wang
Published: August 2024

Cutting edge advances in electrical visual cortical prosthetics have evoked perception of shapes, motion, and letters in the blind. Here, we present an alternative optical approach using pulsed infrared neural stimulation. To interface with dense arrays of cortical columns with submillimeter spatial precision, both linear array and 100-fiber bundle array optical fiber interfaces were devised. We deliver infrared stimulation through these arrays in anesthetized cat visual cortex and monitor effects by optical imaging in contralateral visual cortex. Infrared neural stimulation modulation of response to ongoing visual oriented gratings produce enhanced responses in orientation-matched domains and suppressed responses in non-matched domains, consistent with a known higher order integration mediated by callosal inputs. Controls include dynamically applied speeds, directions and patterns of multipoint stimulation. This provides groundwork for a distinct type of prosthetic targeted to maps of visual cortical columns.
Long-read transcript sequencing identifies differential isoform expression in the entorhinal cortex in a transgenic model of tau pathology
Authors: Leung Szi Kay , Bamford Rosemary A. , Jeffries Aaron R. , Castanho Isabel , Chioza Barry , Flaxman Christine S. , Moore Karen , Dempster Emma L. , Harvey Joshua , Brown Jonathan T. , Ahmed Zeshan , O’Neill Paul , Richardson Sarah J. , Hannon Eilis , Mill Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that alternative splicing plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We used long-read sequencing in combination with a novel bioinformatics tool (FICLE) to profile transcript diversity in the entorhinal cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice harboring a mutant form of human tau. Our analyses revealed hundreds of novel isoforms and identified differentially expressed transcripts – including specific isoforms of Apoe, App, Cd33, Clu, Fyn and Trem2 – associated with the development of tau pathology in TG mice. Subsequent profiling of the human cortex from AD individuals and controls revealed similar patterns of transcript diversity, including the upregulation of the dominant TREM2 isoform in AD paralleling the increased expression of the homologous transcript in TG mice. Our results highlight the importance of differential transcript usage, even in the absence of gene-level expression alterations, as a mechanism underpinning gene regulation in the development of AD neuropathology.
Holimap: an accurate and efficient method for solving stochastic gene network dynamics
Authors: Jia Chen , Grima Ramon
Published: August 2024

Gene-gene interactions are crucial to the control of sub-cellular processes but our understanding of their stochastic dynamics is hindered by the lack of simulation methods that can accurately and efficiently predict how the distributions of gene product numbers vary across parameter space. To overcome these difficulties, here we present Holimap (high-order linear-mapping approximation), an approach that approximates the protein or mRNA number distributions of a complex gene regulatory network by the distributions of a much simpler reaction system. We demonstrate Holimap’s computational advantages over conventional methods by applying it to predict the stochastic time-dependent dynamics of various gene networks, including transcriptional networks ranging from simple autoregulatory loops to complex randomly connected networks, post-transcriptional networks, and post-translational networks. Holimap is ideally suited to study how the intricate network of gene-gene interactions results in precise coordination and control of gene expression.
Olfactory sampling volume for pheromone capture by wing fanning of silkworm moth: a simulation-based study
Authors: Nakata Toshiyuki , Terutsuki Daigo , Fukui Chihiro , Uchida Tomoya , Kanzaki Kohei , Koeda Taito , Koizumi Sakito , Murayama Yuta , Kanzaki Ryohei , Liu Hao
Published: August 2024

Odours used by insects for foraging and mating are carried by the air. Insects induce airflows around them by flapping their wings, and the distribution of these airflows may strongly influence odour source localisation. The flightless silkworm moth, Bombyx mori, has been a prominent insect model for olfactory research. However, although there have been numerous studies on antenna morphology and its fluid dynamics, neurophysiology, and localisation algorithms, the airflow manipulation of the B. mori by fanning has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses of flapping B. mori to analyse this mechanism in depth. A three-dimensional simulation using reconstructed wing kinematics was used to investigate the effects of B. mori fanning on locomotion and pheromone capture. The fanning of the B. mori was found to generate an aerodynamic force on the scale of its weight through an aerodynamic mechanism similar to that of flying insects. Our simulations further indicate that the B. mori guides particles from its anterior direction within the ~ 60° horizontally by wing fanning. Hence, if it detects pheromones during fanning, the pheromone can be concluded to originate from the direction the head is pointing. The anisotropy in the sampling volume enables the B. mori to orient to the pheromone plume direction. These results provide new insights into insect behaviour and offer design guidelines for robots for odour source localisation.
Pathways and timescales of Southern Ocean hydrothermal iron and manganese transport
Authors: Birchill Antony J. , Baker Chelsey A. , Wyatt Neil J. , Pabortsava Katsiaryna , Venables Hugh J. , Moore C. Mark , Turnbull Isobel , Milne Angela , Ussher Simon J. , Oliver Sophy , Martin Adrian P.
Published: August 2024

Scarcity of iron and manganese limits the efficiency of the biological carbon pump over large areas of the Southern Ocean. The importance of hydrothermal vents as a source of these micronutrients to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean is debated. Here we present full depth profiles of dissolved and total dissolvable trace metals in the remote eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (55–60° S, 89.1° W), providing evidence of enrichment of iron and manganese at depths of 2000–4000 m. These enhanced micronutrient concentrations were co-located with 3He enrichment, an indicator of hydrothermal fluid originating from ocean ridges. Modelled water trajectories revealed the understudied South East Pacific Rise and the Pacific Antarctic Ridge as likely source regions. Additionally, the trajectories demonstrate pathways for these Southern Ocean hydrothermal ridge-derived trace metals to reach the Southern Ocean surface mixed layer within two decades, potentially supporting a regular supply of micronutrients to fuel Southern Ocean primary production.
The re-emergence of sexually transmissible multidrug resistant Shigella flexneri 3a, England, United Kingdom
Authors: Mason Lewis C. E. , Charles Hannah , Thorley Katie , Chong Charlotte E. , De Silva P. Malaka , Jenkins Claire , Baker Kate S.
Published: August 2024

Shigellosis is an enteric infection that transmits through the faecal-oral route, which can occur during sex between men who have sex with men (MSM). Between 2009 and 2014, an epidemic of sexually transmissible Shigella flexneri 3a occurred in England that subsequently declined. However, from 2019 to 2021, despite SARS-CoV-2 restrictions, S. flexneri 3a continued to re-emerge. We explored possible drivers of re-emergence by comparing host demography and pathogen genomics. Cases were primarily among 35–64 year old men in London. Genomic analyses of 502 bacterial isolates showed that the majority (58%) of re-emerging MSM strains were a clonal replacement of the original, with reduced antimicrobial resistance, conservation of plasmid col156_1, and two SNPs with 19 predicted effects. The absence of major changes in the pathogen or host demographics suggest that other factors may have driven the re-emergence of S. flexneri 3a and highlight the need for further work in the area.
Inferring enterovirus D68 transmission dynamics from the genomic data of two 2022 North American outbreaks
Authors: Grunnill Martin , Eshaghi Alireza , Damodaran Lambodhar , Nagra Sandeep , Gharouni Ali , Braukmann Thomas , Clark Shawn , Peci Adriana , Isabel Sandra , Banh Philip , Plessis Louis du , Murall Carmen Lia , Colijn Caroline , Mubareka Samira , Hasso Maan , Bahl Justin , Mostafa Heba H. , Gubbay Jonathan B. , Patel Samir N. , Wu Jianhong , Duvvuri Venkata R.
Published: August 2024

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has emerged as a significant cause of acute respiratory illness in children globally, notably following its extensive outbreak in North America in 2014. A recent outbreak of EV-D68 was observed in Ontario, Canada, from August to October 2022. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed a notable genetic similarity between the Ontario outbreak and a concurrent outbreak in Maryland, USA. Utilizing Bayesian phylodynamic modeling on whole genome sequences (WGS) from both outbreaks, we determined the median peak time-varying reproduction number (Rt) to be 2.70, 95% HPD (1.76, 4.08) in Ontario and 2.10, 95% HPD (1.41, 3.17) in Maryland. The Rt trends in Ontario closely matched those derived via EpiEstim using reported case numbers. Our study also provides new insights into the median infection duration of EV-D68, estimated at 7.94 days, 95% HPD (4.55, 12.8) in Ontario and 10.8 days, 95% HPD (5.85, 18.6) in Maryland, addressing the gap in the existing literature surrounding EV-D68’s infection period. We observed that the estimated Time since the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) and the epidemic’s origin coincided with the easing of COVID-19 related social contact restrictions in both areas. This suggests that the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, initially implemented to control COVID-19, may have inadvertently facilitated the spread of EV-D68. These findings underscore the effectiveness of phylodynamic methods in public health, demonstrating their broad application from local to global scales and underscoring the critical role of pathogen genomic data in enhancing public health surveillance and outbreak characterization.
Some paradoxes and unresolved aspects of hepatic de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Jones John G.
Published: August 2024

Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a critical pathway in both liver intermediary metabolism and whole-body nutrient management. In the setting of excessive caloric intake, increased DNL fluxes are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). As a result, there is intense interest both in the measurement of DNL activity and in gaining a better understanding on how this drives MASLD development. While much progress has been made towards these objectives, a number of intriguing uncertainties and paradoxes remain. This short perspective will focus on some of these aspects, namely a), how DNL contributes to triglyceride overload, b), the timing of DNL pathway activation with nutrient availability, c) the sources of acetyl-CoA for DNL and d), the sources of NADPH reducing equivalents for DNL. The implications of these uncertainties on pharmacological targeting of hepatic DNL activity will also be discussed.
Bioremediation of Pesticides by Microorganisms: The State of the Art, Success Stories, Challenges, and Future Outlook
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Dutta Priasha , Banerjee Swapnamay , Ahmad Faheem , Mohanto Sourav , Jaswanth Gowda B. H. , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar
Published: August 2024

As agrochemicals are used to control weeds and pests, pesticides have the potential to harm the environment if they build up in soil, water, or other ecosystems. Natural metabolic pathways in microbes, including bacteria, microalgae, and fungi, break down a variety of chemical substances, including pesticides. Pesticides can be used by these bacteria as a source of carbon and energy for growth and reproduction. The biodegradation of pesticides is greatly aided by microbial enzymes and metabolites. These biocatalysts can change and degrade different pesticide chemicals into less harmful or harmless forms. The creation of effective bioremediation techniques for pesticide-contaminated ecosystems can benefit from an understanding and exploitation of the activity of these enzymes and metabolites. One promising strategy to minimise the negative effects of these dangerous compounds on the environment is the bioremediation of pesticides utilising microorganisms. The research of microbial varieties, the use of molecular methods for gene identification, and the creation of numerous bioremediation techniques comprise the state of the art in this discipline. The outlook for the future is positive since research is being done to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of pesticide bioremediation, broaden the types of pesticides that can be remedied, and combine bioremediation techniques with other remediation methods. Overall, the bioremediation of pesticides by microorganisms holds great potential for restoring contaminated ecosystems and reducing the environmental impact of pesticide use. Thus, this chapter aims to explore the different existing and emerging prospects of microbial bioremediation of pesticides while also discussing the associated challenges.
Enabling cryogenic gravitational wave detectors: growth of sapphire crystals with record low absorption in the near infrared
Authors: Aventin T. , Nehari A. , Forest D. , Degallaix J. , Dujardin C. , Cagnoli G. , Lebbou K.
Published: August 2024

Sapphire was grown by Czochralski and ultra-low absorption (11 ppm cm−1) was achieved. The Fe2+–Fe3+ and Ti3+–Ti3+ pairs are crucial for the absorption at 1064 nm. The result is promised to grow large sapphire for the next generation of GW detector.
Triggering inert desert sand toward a low-cost and efficient cocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Wang Junqing , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: August 2024

Desert sand (DS), an abundant but nuisance natural material, is successfully converted into an efficient supported cocatalyst for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction with excellent activity and stability.
Microfluidics for macrofluidics: addressing marine-ecosystem challenges in an era of climate change
Authors: Liu Fangchen , Deroy Cyril , Herr Amy E.
Published: August 2024

Microfluidic technologies harness ocean properties and monitor ecosystems, thus providing valuable insights to mitigate marine climate challenges and pointing towards areas that might benefit from said technologies.
A-site-deficiency range identified for in situ exsolution from (La0.4Sr0.6)1−αTi0.95Ni0.05O3±δ electrodes for SOFC and SOEC
Authors: Jiang Yao , Li Chengyu , Huang Haonan , Zhang Linxi , Zhang Jingyu , Jiang Cairong , Chen Yongjin , Yao Yali , Ma Jianjun
Published: August 2024

A wide range of A-site-deficient samples of (La0.4Sr0.6)1−αTi0.95Ni0.05O3−δ (α = 0.00, 0.13, 0.15, and 0.18) was designed to investigate their properties, exsolution process, and electrochemical performance.
Utilizing Chamaerops humilis in removing methylene blue dye from water: an effective approach
Authors: El Malti Wassim , Koteich Saja , Hijazi Akram
Published: August 2024

Removal of dyes, particularly methylene blue, from water by adsorption using Chamaerops humilis sawdust: an accessible and cost-effective by-product of the European fan palm tree.
Fabrication of magnetic carbohydrate-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/pectin) decorated with bimetallic Co/Cu-MOF as an effective and recoverable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction
Authors: Grami Majid , Rafiee Zahra
Published: August 2024

A novel magnetic nanocomposite [Fe3O4/pectin/(Co/Cu)MOF] was synthesized and applied as a catalyst for the construction of dihydropyrimidone derivatives with high yields under solvent-free conditions in a short time.
Understanding the anti-corrosion characteristics of surface modification of h-BN and carbon nanotubes/magnesium composites in simulated seawater
Authors: Aigbodion Victor Sunday , Alayyaf Abdulmajeed Abdullah , Ozoude Chinemerem Jerry
Published: August 2024

Here, we investigate the effects of incorporating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into magnesium-carbon nanotubes (Mg-0.5wt% CNTs) nanocomposites. Adding 4 wt% h-BN to the Mg-0.5 wt% CNT nanocomposites can improve the wettability between Mg and CNTs and enhance the corrosion resistance properties.
Optimizing photovoltaic performance of squaraine derivative dyes: a DFT study on different anchoring groups
Authors: Consiglio Giuseppe , Gorczyński Adam , Spoto Guido , Petralia Salvatore , Forte Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Introduction of acene groups improve LHE and photovoltaic properties. Dyes with pentacene showcase a panchromatic effect extending beyond 920 nm. Best results are obtained introducing pentacene with cyanoacrylate or phosphonate as anchoring groups.
Digital colloid-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the pharmacokinetic detection of bioorthogonal drugs
Authors: Bi Xinyuan , He Zhicheng , Luo Zhewen , Huang Wensi , Diao Xingxing , Ye Jian
Published: August 2024

Bioorthogonal drug molecules with the Raman signatures at the spectral silent region have been quantified with controllable reproducibility by digital colloid-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for rapid pharmacokinetic detection in live animals.
Theoretical insights into the generation and reactivity of hydride on the ZnO(101̄0) surface
Authors: Zhang Xian-Yang , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Gong Xue-Qing
Published: August 2024

Flexible Zn orbitals impart unique electron storage and release abilities to ZnO for regulating the activity/selectivity in hydrogenation reactions.
Optimizing lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells: insights from SCAPS and FDTD simulations
Authors: Mosabbir A. S. M. , Sadek M. S. , Mahmood Minhaz , Mofazzal Hosain M. , Sepeai Suhaila , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Sultan Sakhr M. , Sopian K. , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Sobayel K.
Published: August 2024

This research uses an integrated simulation approach with SCAPS and FDTD to design and model a Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cell, examining its photovoltaic parameters with NiO and WO3 as hole and electron transport layers.
Enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction activity of CuCo based hydroxides with V2CTx MXene
Authors: Schmiedecke Bastian , Wu Bing , Schultz Thorsten , Emerenciano Aline Alencar , Sharma Namrata , Douglas-Henry Danielle A. , Koutsioukis Apostolos , Görüryılmaz Mehmet Turan , Nicolosi Valeria , Petit Tristan , Koch Norbert , Sofer Zdenek , Browne Michelle P.
Published: August 2024

V2CTx MXene improves the OER performances of CuCo catalysts. The MXene over time reduces the leaching rate of the Cu by itself being preferentially leached which also allows for the higher OER activity to be maintained.
Inter-atomic electronic interactions enabled by a Rh single atoms/CuCo2S4@MoS2 core–shell heterostructure for high-efficiency solar-assisted water splitting
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Dong Kaixuan , Nguyen Dinh Chuong , Prabhakaran Sampath , Kim Do Hwan , Tran Duy Thanh , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2024

We developed an electrocatalyst of Rh single atom-confined CuCo2S4@MoS2 core–shell heterostructure for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Resolving local ordering and structure in MnxGe1−xTe alloys through thermodynamic ensembles of pair distribution functions
Authors: Meschke Vanessa , Novick Andrew , Rogers Jen , Porter Claire , Chang Remco , Proffen Thomas , Toberer Eric S.
Published: August 2024

Local bonding environments can be characterized via ensemble averages of PDFs to provide insight into the relationship between synthetic temperature and structure.
RbSb(SO4)(H2PO2)F: a short-wave UV antimony(iii) oxysalt with mixed-anions demonstrating enhanced birefringence
Authors: Tan Jinwen , Luo Han , Wang Shiyi , Huang Ling , Cao Liling , Dong Xuehua , Zou Guohong
Published: August 2024

A short-wave UV antimony(iii) oxysalt, RbSb(SO4)(H2PO2)F, was synthesized with a birefringence of up to 0.192 at 546 nm by combining three distinct anions (SO42−, H2PO2−, and F−) with Sb3+ bearing SCALP electrons.
Advancing sustainability through supply chain legislation? A policy trilemma
Authors: Fransen Luc , Curley Martin , Lally Anne
Published: August 2024

This paper argues that current trade realities require a rethink of legislation addressing environmental risks through corporation's supply chains.
Quantum illumination radars: Target detection
Authors: Wang Jingxin , Wong Kon Max
Published: August 2024

The authors consider a quantum radar which operates on the quantum illumination principle. The authors’ attention is focused on its function of target detection in a noisy environment. The role of the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) in detection is first examined by the authors, and a dual‐OPA design for more flexible combination of optimised gains is proposed, resulting in a detector substantially improved in its performance from the normally used 1‐OPA design. Then, the use of the entanglement information in the covariance matrix (CM) between the returned signal and idler beams for detection is considered, and a technique to extract such information is proposed. By employing some statistical relationships between positive definite matrices, the authors come up with a new target detection method. Numerical experiments confirm the superior detection performance of the CM detectors compared to that of the OPA detectors.
Critical review on resource scheduling in IaaS clouds: Taxonomy, issues, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Madni Syed Hamid Hussain , Faheem Muhammad , Younas Muhammad , Masum Maidul Hasan , Shah Sajid
Published: August 2024

In a cloud computing environment, the primary goal of resource scheduling is to reduce the economic expenditures for cloud users and grow fiscal achievement for cloud providers. In this article, the study of numerous forms of resource scheduling algorithms is presented that has been applied in IaaS clouds. The selected research articles are classified into six categories, according to the nature of the algorithm used. Further, the authors pointed out several issues and challenges with the help of the resource scheduling algorithms, the comparative performance metrics, and the simulation tools used to validate the several algorithms. The enhancement illustrates better performance concerns decreasing the cost and time while improving the competence and utilization of resources for IaaS clouds. These algorithms are executed in numerous simulation tools and real environments similar to CloudSim, SimGrid, MATLAB, and test‐bed environments (practical implementation). This critical review and classification will serve as a foundation for further research in IaaS clouds in the Internet of Things (IoT) environments.
Utilization of agri-food products as sources of high value-added bioactive compounds by using sustainable energy efficient eco-friendly technologies
Authors: Yildiz-Ozturk Ece , Askin-Uzel Ruhan
Published: August 2024

Due to the increasing population, we continue to irresponsibly consume the important resources that we must leave as a legacy to future generations, especially since the last century, due to overconsumption and inadequate recovery. It has revealed the concept of sustainable development, which essentially cares about people and envisages careful consumption of natural and cultural resources, considering the needs of future generations in the process necessary to meet economic and social development. For healthy generations and a sustainable future, we have to take measures to transform towards more sustainable agriculture-food systems, protect natural resources, adopt a more responsible production approach against the negative effects of climate change, and prevent waste in all areas. There is a need to develop collaborations between different disciplines and sectors in order to support more efficient, inclusive, durable and sustainable agriculture-food systems and to approach the issue more holistically. Based on this point, the applications of sustainable, environmentally friendly and energy efficient modern advanced technologies in the food and agriculture sectors have been evaluated. More specifically, the human health benefits of bioactive compounds in agri- food products, approaches to the preservation and processing of these compounds in agri-foods, and future perspectives in their sustainable- circular management are discussed.
Fostering technology adoption towards sustainable-oriented innovation: Does circular economy matter?
Authors: Arsawan I Wayan Edi , Hariyanti Ni Kadek Dessy , Atmaja I Made Dwi Ari Suta , Utami Made Ayu Jayanti Prita , Kariati Ni Made , Suryantini Ni Putu Santi
Published: August 2024

The existing literature has yet to expose the linkage between circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation, notably SMEs in developing countries. The present study focuses on recognizing the impact of technology on adopting a circular economy and its consequential effect on sustainability-oriented innovation. Responses obtained from 201 Indonesian SMEs were further examined by structural equation models to explore the direct and indirect influences among the constructs. The study demonstrates that technology adoption and circular economy underpin the implementation of sustainability-oriented innovation and mediate the linkage between technology adoption and sustainability-oriented innovation. It is a primary implication for SME managers to scale up technology investment that facilitates sustainable solutions.
Prioritizing hazardous areas for sustainable industrial tape production: An integrated FMEA - MCDM approach
Authors: Yapar Gizem , Ekinci Esra , Türsel Eliiyi Deniz
Published: August 2024

Industrial adhesive tape production is a critical sector that must meet high quality standards and customer expectations. This study presents a comprehensive approach to identify, prioritize and prevent failures in the industrial adhesive tape production process using FMEA and VIKOR methods. With FMEA analysis, possible failure types, causes and effects in the production process were identified. Then, using the VIKOR method, failure types were prioritized according to criteria such as severity, probability of occurrence and detectability. In this way, critical failure types were identified and preventive actions were developed. The results of the study make significant contributions to reducing production failures and improving product quality in the industrial adhesive tape industry. The integration of FMEA and VIKOR methods allows failures to be systematically analyzed and effective preventive measures to be taken. The proposed approach provides a model that can also be applied in similar industrial sectors.
Sustainable development: Changing the concept in the conditions of destabilizing factors
Authors: Hnativ Oksana , Harasymiv Oksana , Senyk Svitlana
Published: August 2024

Despite the presence of certain theoretical and practical pieces of research in the field of sustainable development; achieving its goals remains a long and time-consuming process. Sustainable development is a complex, multi-component phenomenon, the components of which undergo changes depending on the level of development of the particular country and specific historical conditions. Globalization processes only increased the impact of destabilizing factors in one country on sustainable development in general. In the research there have been used information from open sources, and theoretical and practical studies over the past two years. Conducting of this scientific research was mediated by the use of general and special methods. The dialectical method accompanied all stages of the research. A systematic approach with elements of the methods of autopoiesis and holism ensured the study of the components of sustainable development on each other and the process as a whole effects. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that sustainable development is at the same time the ultimate goal of the efforts of the world community and each of its members, and a dynamic process that involves the implementation of measures to achieve this goal.
Immuntherapie von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen
Authors: Essler Markus
Published: August 2024

In den letzten Jahren hat die Immuntherapie mit „checkpoint-inhibitoren“ (CI) wie Pebrolizumab, Ipilimumab und Nivulomab die
Behandlung von metastasierten malignen Melanomen, dem „non-small-cell-lung-cancer“ (NSCLC) und anderen bis dahin unzureichend
therapierbaren Tumorentitäten erheblich verbessert, wenn nicht gar revolutioniert. Zahlreiche
prospektive und randomisierte Studien belegen dies mit hoher Evidenz. Bei der Therapie mancher
Tumorentitäten spielen CI allerdings keine zentrale Rolle. Hierzu gehören die
Schilddrüsenkarzinome. Ein Grund hierfür ist die Effektivität der Behandlung mit primärer
Operation und ablativer Radioiodtherapie. Die Prognose der meisten Schilddrüsenkarzinome ist
durch diese Therapieoptionen mit 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten von mehr als 95% sehr günstig.
Klinische Studien mit CIs sind daher in diesem Bereich wohl wenig relevant, da sie auch bei
positivem Ergebnis das Überleben nur unwesentlich verbessern könnten. Die Prognose der
schlecht differenzierten-, iodnegativen, anaplastischen und medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinome
ist hingegen weit ungünstiger. Es wurden zwar Multikinaseinhibitoren wie Lenvatinib, Sorafenib
und Cabozantinib mit einer Verbesserung des „progressionsfreien Überlebens“ (PFS) zur
Behandlung zugelassen, keines dieser Medikamente hatte jedoch Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben
(OS). Zudem sind die MKIs für viele Patienten wenig verträglich und anfällig für die
Entwicklung von Resistenzen. Es ist naheliegend, dass die Immuntherapie am ehesten für
Patientengruppen getestet werden sollte, die nicht (mehr) für eine Operation oder
Radioiodtherapie infrage kommen und für die keine Option einer Therapie mit MKIs mehr besteht.
In diesem Zusammenhang wurden global zahlreiche Studien gestartet, von denen allerdings nur
wenige bereits publiziert wurden. In Zukunft sind jedoch evidenzbasierte immuntherapeutische
Optionen für die Schilddrüsenmalignome zu erwarten. Es ist erfreulich, dass die erste
erfolgreiche klinische Studie zur Immuntherapie des anaplastischen Schilddrüsenkarzinoms
(ATLEB-Studie) von einer deutschen Arbeitsgruppe durchgeführt wurde.
Fontan Completion in Adult Patients with Functionally Univentricular Hearts
Authors: Alpat Safak , Aydin Ahmet , Aykan Hakan , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: August 2024

Background Although there are considerable amounts of data on the outcomes of pediatric patients who have undergone Fontan repair, little is known about having Fontan completed in adulthood. The study presented the midterm results of our unit's experience with the Fontan completion procedure in adult patients with functionally univentricular hearts.

Methods Between 2014 and 2023, 16 adult patients underwent total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) completion. Relevant information was retrospectively collected.

Results Sixteen patients with a median age of 19 years (18–21 years) were included. Median arterial oxygen saturation was 76% (70–80.75%), and 62.5% of the patients were New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III. The median mean pulmonary artery pressure was 14 mm Hg (9.5–14.5 mm Hg). Nine patients (56%) had heterotaxy syndrome, and the median time between the last operation and TCPC was 15.5 years (6.75–17.5 years). The median durations for bypass and cross-clamp were 160 minutes (130–201 minutes) and 120 minutes (84.5–137.5 minutes), consecutively. The postoperative course was straightforward in all. The median arterial oxygen saturation before discharge was 89.5% (85–90%), and 68.75% of the patients were NYHA Class II. Follow-up was complete for all patients with a median of 24 months. There was no early or late mortality or significant morbidity during the study period.

Conclusion We concluded that the intra-extracardiac Fontan technique was feasible for meticulously selected adults undergoing TCPC completion, as evidenced by an acceptable mortality rate and a satisfactory midterm outcome, including improvements in their NYHA functional class. However, the long-term consequences must be monitored.
Development of a compact control circuit for voltage-controlled oscillator with applications in laser stabilization
Authors: Alvarez J. , Leyva W. , Racedo F. , Sarmiento R.
Published: August 2024

Experiments in atomic physics, spectroscopy, and metrology require the compulsory use of frequency- and/or power-stabilized laser beams. For this purpose, acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) or electro-optic modulators are commonly used. AOMs are the most widely employed because of their ability to not only control the frequency and amplitude but also manipulate the spatial deflection of the beam. The operation of AOMs requires stable radio frequency oscillators, which can be implemented using Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) systems or Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs). DDS systems offer high precision and a wide range of operating frequencies but at a high cost and with a more complex experimental setup. However, VCO-based systems provide excellent resolution, are more cost-effective, and can be implemented more rapidly in the final application because of their low complexity. In this work, a detailed design of a compact system for controlling an AOM, which is easily constructed based on a VCO and some readily available discrete components, is presented. The constructed device was successfully used in two applications for controlling an extended cavity diode laser: one to reduce typical undesired fluctuations in laser intensity and the other for laser frequency stabilization to a hyperfine structure transition of the rubidium D2 line.
How viscous bubbles collapse: Topological and symmetry-breaking instabilities in curvature-driven hydrodynamics
Authors: Davidovitch Benny , Klein Avraham
Published: August 2024

The duality between deformations of elastic bodies and noninertial flows in viscous liquids has been a guiding principle in decades of research. However, this duality is broken when a spheroidal or other doubly curved liquid film is suddenly forced out of mechanical equilibrium, as occurs, e.g., when the pressure inside a liquid bubble drops rapidly due to rupture or controlled evacuation. In such cases, the film may evolve through a noninertial yet geometrically nonlinear surface dynamics, which has remained largely unexplored. We reveal the driver of such dynamics as temporal variations in the curvature of the evolving surface. Focusing on the prototypical example of a floating bubble that undergoes rapid depressurization, we show that the bubble surface evolves via a topological instability and a subsequent front propagation, whereby a small planar zone that includes a singular flow structure, analogous to a disclination in elastic systems, nucleates spontaneously and expands in the spherically shaped film. This flow pattern brings about hoop compression and triggers another, symmetry-breaking instability to the formation of radial wrinkles that invade the flattening film. Our analysis reveals the dynamics as a nonequilibrium branch of “jellium” physics, whereby a rate-of-change of surface curvature in a viscous film is akin to charge in an electrostatic medium that comprises polarizable and conducting domains. We explain key features underlying recent experiments and highlight a qualitative inconsistency between the prediction of linear stability analysis and the observed “wavelength” of surface wrinkles.