bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in training teachers to use unmanned systems and ways to solve them
Authors: Chetkin Oleg Viktorovich , Chernysheva Elena Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the existing challenges in training the teaching staff on the use of unmanned systems, as well as to suggest possible solutions to the problems that have arisen. The paper identifies the factors that significantly affect the professional development of the teaching staff when introducing modern technologies into the educational process. The main attention is paid to identifying the problems of training the teaching staff in the field of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) by assessing the experience of using UAS in the professional activity of teachers after appropriate training. The study is novel in that it is the first one to systematically and experimentally present material on problematic aspects of training teachers to use unmanned aircraft systems. As a result of the study, it was found that teachers need to actively use unmanned technologies in the educational process of educational institutions, but this requires internal acceptance from teachers, readiness to learn, as well as the formation of flexible professional training programs.
Phraseological units in the play “The Seagull” by A. Chekhov and the ways of their translation into English
Authors: Rudenko Tatiana Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the main translation trends in the transfer from Russian to English of the phraseological units used by A. P. Chekhov in the play “The Seagull”. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a comparative study of five translations of the play (published between 1912 and 2015) was conducted, which allows us to consider ways of transmitting the phrase under consideration and identify possible translation problems that remain unresolved. As a result of the study, it was found that the most frequent way of translating the phraseological units is the use of equivalent English phraseological units (26 examples) or phraseological analogues (26 examples). We noted that the descriptive translation technique was chosen in 19 cases, and D. Hare used this way of translation more often than other translators (7 times). Some cases were identified where the techniques of omission, literal translation and contextual substitution were employed.
Classification of expressive means of syntax in Udmurt journalism
Authors: Chernysheva Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to classify the figures of expressive syntax represented in modern Udmurt journalism based on the functional load of the figures in the text. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of journalistic articles published in the republican newspaper ‘Udmurt Dunne’ for 2020-2023, it is proposed for the first time to identify four main groups of figures of expressive syntax in the Udmurt language: figures of displacement, reduction, addition and rhetorical figures. As a result, the first group includes stylistic means based on changing the structure of the sentence (inversion, insertion constructions, parcellation). Figures of reduction are characterized by the desire to reduce lexical units in the text (asyndeton, elliptical sentences, aposiopesis). The third group is formed by addition figures based on the principle of repetition (syntactic parallelism, polysyndeton, anaphora, epiphora, gradation). Rhetorical figures include a rhetorical question, a rhetorical address, and a rhetorical exclamation. Each of these groups serves to create a certain stylistic effect, which, in turn, makes it possible to perform the functions of a journalistic text most productively.
Art-escape in the novella “The Predawn Flight of the Dragonfly” by S. Suslova: The use of a personal and creative strategy
Authors: Savina Mariia Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The study aims to identify the individual-authorial specifics of implementing the stylistic device of escapism in an autobiographical novella by the classic of Kyrgyz Russian literature S. Suslova. The article examines the compositional and content-related elements of the text that represent the autobiographical plot of the novella. The researcher analyzes the expressive means and techniques used to create the autobiographical image of the main character: auto-psychologism, the dialectic of the soul, the image of historical time and space, and the realistic and authentic chronotope. The study examines the parallels of convergence and mutual complementarity of the heroine’s image in the prose plot and the persona in the poetic inserts. The names of precedent historical figures who served as prototypes for the gallery of character images are identified. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that, through analytical study, the function of the stylistic device of escapism in the narrative structure of the novella was examined. The means of creating an escapist narrative of the novella’s fantasy world are classified, such as the use of quasi-terminology, archaic vocabulary, and the elements of folklore motifs and genres. The research has found that the device of escapism provided an opportunity to go beyond the framework of the memoir-biographical novel, expanded the set of expressive means and techniques for creating the image of the author’s spiritual world, and became a way of self-reflection for her, a strategy for psychological acceptance and conceptualization of her personal biography and self-mythologization.
Removal of Oil and Grease from Oily Kitchen Wastewater by Using Raw Kapok as a Potential Adsorbent
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Termizi Nur Hanis Arina , A. Hamid Hazren ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Oil and grease are one of the elements that are poisonous and easily pollute the environment, especially water and soil. Adsorption techniques use natural adsorbents that do not damage or pollute the environment. The raw kapok was chosen as an adsorbent because it is a technology to overcome the problem of oil produced globally. The experiment was conducted with two types of dosage which are 5g and 15g of raw kapok to absorb the oil and the results stated that raw kapok can absorb the cooking oil that is still not used more than the cooking oil that has been used. Due to the density of the oils, it affects the ability of raw kapok to absorb and hold oil. In addition, this absorbed oil restores several water parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature and turbidity.
Performance Evaluation of a Developed Miniature Steam Boiler Using Different Samples of Wood Waste as Fuel for Steam Generation
Authors:   Igbinedion University, Efe Justic Igbagbon , Kelly Orhorhoro Ejiroghene ,   Igbinedion University, Erokare Tega Emmanuel ,   Delta State University of Science and Technology
Published: October 2024

The adoption of Waste-to-Energy Technology (WTE), which allows solid wastes to be burned in a locally fabricated prototype boiler to generate steam for energy utilization is a response to some of Nigeria's most pressing issues. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of a developed miniature steam boiler using various samples of wood waste as fuel for steam generation. The wood wastes; Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alata were characterized todetermine the proximate and ultimate analysis to ensure better combustion sustainability. The gross heat of combustion of each residue was measured by calculating the wood waste's calorific value. The test results have shown that the wood wastes had a volatile substance content of more than 72%. A low ash content of 3.91%, 2.67%, and 1.93% were obtained for Terminalia ivorensis, Cordia millenii, and Lophira alata. Similarly, for Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alata, the percentages of fixed carbon obtained were 17.98%, 8.95%, and 27.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the calorific values for Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alataare 20.01 MJ/kg, 21.22 MJ/kg, and 19.99 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides, the electrical energy produced by burning 2 kg of wood waste and the efficiency of the steam boiler were found to be 90.33% and 55 kW. Therefore, Terminalia ivorensis wood waste sample is the best fuel for the steam boiler as compared to Cordia millenii, andLophira alata.
Machine Learning Approach to Predict AXL Kinase Inhibitor Activity for Cancer Drug Discovery Using Bayesian Optimization-XGBoost
Authors:   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Noviandy Teuku Rizky , Idroes Ghalieb Mutig ,   Graha Primera Saintifika, Hardi Irsan ,   Graha Primera Saintifika
Published: October 2024

This study aims to predictAXL kinase inhibitors utilizing aBayesian Optimization-XGBoost machine learning model. A dataset comprising 1074 compounds with IC50 values was collected from the ChEMBL database and molecular descriptors for each compound were calculated. The Bayesian Optimization-XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance in predicting AXL kinase inhibitors, achieving an accuracy of 86.24%, precision of 89.52%, recall of 89.52%, and an F1-score of 89.52%, outperforming other models such as LightGBM, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes. This study underlines the importance of advanced machine learning techniques, particularly Bayesian Optimization-XGBoost, in predicting AXL kinase inhibitors, offering a promising approach for accelerating the early stages of drug discovery. Despite its success, the model's performance depends on the diversity and quality of the training data, and future work should focus on expanding the dataset and validating results with experimental studies. This computational method has the potential to streamline the drug development pipeline and contribute to the discovery of more effective cancer treatments.
Brasil e Portugal: políticas públicas de incentivo à leitura
Authors: Silva Neto Antonio Artequilino , Jaime Lampreia Costa Paulo , Maria Franco Martins Coelho de Paiva Balça Ângela
Published: October 2024

Este artigo analisa as práticas leitoras dos brasileiros e propõe uma discussão sobre a trajetória do Plano Nacional do Livro e da Leitura (PNLL) com a finalidade de tentar compreender possíveis conexões entre o comportamento dos leitores e as políticas públicas de estímulo à leitura promovidas pelo governo brasileiro. A análise do corpus compreende o exame de dados importantes da 5ª edição da pesquisa “Retratos da leitura no Brasil. Ademais, com o propósito de delinear prováveis analogias, o presente estudo abarca o percurso e as premissas do Plano Nacional de Leitura (PNL) em Portugal. Os laços históricos, culturais e linguísticos que aproximam os dois países são indeléveis e justificam uma investigação sobre as prováveis similitudes e discrepâncias das suas atuais políticas públicas de incentivo à leitura.
Dampak Program Kemitraan Magang Mandiri di Museum Dalam Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Sejarah UNM
Authors: Subair Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak Program Kemitraan Magang Mandiri di Museum terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa Sejarah Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM). Pendidikan sejarah yang efektif tidak hanya mengandalkan pengajaran di kelas tetapi juga melibatkan pengalaman praktis yang mendalam. Program magang ini dirancang untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik, dengan memberikan mahasiswa kesempatan untuk terlibat langsung dalam pengelolaan museum, penyusunan pameran, dan penelitian sejarah. Melalui survei terhadap 20 mahasiswa yang telah mengikuti program ini, ditemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman sejarah, kemampuan analitis, dan aplikasi pengetahuan setelah magang. Sebelum magang, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa adalah 70, yang kemudian meningkat menjadi 80 setelah program selesai. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan ini signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Program Kemitraan Magang Mandiri di Museum memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa sejarah UNM, memperkaya pemahaman mereka tentang materi akademis dan mempersiapkan mereka untuk tantangan di dunia kerja. Oleh karena itu, program ini direkomendasikan untuk dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut, dengan melibatkan lebih banyak museum dan meningkatkan durasi serta intensitas magang untuk memaksimalkan manfaatnya.
Domestic Study Away in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cruz Natalie I. , Whatley Melissa
Published: October 2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic and an emphasis on improving access to international education experiences have spurred researchers and practitioners to consider global experiences without international travel. Domestic study away programs can broaden access to intercultural learning for postsecondary students. This systematic literature review, the first known attempt to review the literature on study away, explores how researchers and professionals have previously discussed these opportunities. We draw from 59 publications to understand how study away is defined; conceptual, theoretical, and methodological approaches to investigating study away; common programmatic features; and learning outcomes. We find that study away is often ill-defined, and many empirical publications do not utilize theoretical or conceptual frameworks in their exploration. Learning outcomes attributed to study away were most commonly either psychosocial or related to attitudes and values. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for researchers and practitioners and highlight directions for future work.
How the Local Church Can Develop a Strategy for Healthy Sending and Supporting
Authors: Martin Ryan
Published: October 2024

The local church is both the means and the ends of seeing the Great Commission fulfilled. Throughout the New Testament, the local church is the primary agent God uses to send and support missionaries to proclaim the gospel and plant healthy, reproducible churches. Churches often have not seen themselves in this role and have relied heavily on a mission agency to carry the load in sending and supporting their members on the mission field. How can churches regain a faithful biblical framework and develop a practical strategy to both send and care for their missionaries sent to the nations? This article seeks to lay forth key passages to lay a foundation for missionary care, while also giving churches practical steps for sending and supporting 'for the sake of the Name.'
Actividad proteolítica asociada a la pared celular
Authors: Gómez L. D. , Casano L. M. , Rouby M. B. , Buckeridge M. S. , Trippi V. S.
Published: October 2024

El fluido extracelular (EF), conteniendo proteínas solubles y unidas iónicamente a la pared celular, fue extraído de hipocótilos etiolados de poroto. Se observó que, durante el alargamiento de los hipocótilos, disminuyó la cantidad de proteínas y se produjeron cambios significativos en el patrón polipeptídico del EF, sugiriendo la presencia de proteasas asociadas a la pared celular. Se determinó a diferentes pHs la actividad proteolítica presente en el mismo, observándose una actividad endopeptidasa ácida, con un máximo a pH 4,5. Dicha endopeptidasa fue aislada del resto de las proteínas presentes en el EF por cromatografía de afinidad, en un gel de hemoglobina-agarosa. La enzima aislada presentó alta estabilidad térmica y temporal, además de dependencia de cofactores metálicos. La endopeptidasa parece ser una enzima monomérica, con una masa molecular aproximada de 52 kDa, que tiene como sustrato a numerosas proteínas extracelulares. La actividad endopeptidasa aumentó durante el crecimiento de los hipocótilos, hasta alcanzar su máximo valor durante la fase exponencial de elongación. Posteriormente, la actividad disminuyó, sugiriendo alguna función en la regulación del alargamiento.
CONOCIMIENTO Y PRÁCTICA DE HIGIENE DE MANOS AL COMIENZO Y A UN AÑO DE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Oberto Maria Georgina , Coluccini María Laura , Baraquet María Lucía , Sánchez Roberto José
Published: October 2024

Objective: to analyze the knowledge, practice of hand hygiene and other hygienic-sanitary measures applied by people, at the beginning and one year after the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina.
Material and methods: descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. An online survey of the adult population was conducted during two periods: May-2020 and May-2021.
Results: 2507 surveys were analyzed. Only 24.7% (first period) and 23.8% (second period), met the recommended time for effective hand washing. In both periods, more than 50% wash their hands sometimes/never after blowing their nose, touching their face and objects. There is an association between correct hand washing and age, and between correct hand washing and being or not a member of the health team, in both periods.
Conclusion: people sanitize their hands, however most fail to comply with the recommended time and frequency.
CAMBIOS EN ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EXTRAESCOLAR Y CONDUCTAS SEDENTARIAS CON PANTALLA EN NIÑOS/AS Y ADOLESCENTES ARGENTINOS DURANTE LAS RESTRICCIONES POR COVID-19
Authors: Tuñon Ianina , Farinola Martin , Laíño Fernando
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los aislamientos preventivos impuestos por la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus posibles impactos han llamado la atención de organismos y especialistas dedicados a la promoción de la actividad física en diversos países y se han realizado numerosas investigaciones para identificar el grado de influencia que estas restricciones han tenido. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar si existieron diferencias en la actividad física no escolar y comportamientos sedentarios con pantalla entre el año 2019 (sin restricciones) y el 2020 (con restricciones) en niños/as y adolescentes de la argentina urbana, y principales factores sociodemográficos asociados.
Población y métodos: Diseño cuantitativo con base en las muestras probabilísticas de hogares con niños/as y adolescentes de 5 a 17 años, correspondientes a las mediciones 2019 y 2020 de la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina (EDSA).
Resultados: Entre 2019 y 2020, se registra un incremento de la exposición de niños/as y adolescentes, por más de dos horas diarias en promedio, a pantallas internet y televisión y de la proporción que no realizó actividad física o deportiva en espacios no escolares. (10,6 p.p.). Al igual que lo sucedido internacionalmente, la mayoría de los niños/as y adolescentes de la Argentina urbana presentaron un incremento del déficit de actividad física no escolar y aumento de comportamientos sedentarios con pantallas. El fenómeno pareció afectar más al perfil poblacional que ya contaba con carencias en estos aspectos, esto es, mujeres, niños/as de menor edad, familias con mayor cantidad de jóvenes en el hogar y estratos socio-ocupacionales más bajos.
Accidente vascular cerebral isquémico relacionado con el COVID-19 : una revisión integradora
Authors: Felipe Mendes Kevyn , Pereira Lima Abrão Mirela , Arturo Ferreira Agüero Marcos , Pereira Brito Isadora , Silva Melo Grecia , Vicari Santos Leonardo , Mendes Barbosa Ana Claudia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The human respiratory system is the main target of COVID-19; however, it also has neuro-invasive abilities. The hypercoagulable condition caused by the infection is one of the main risk factors for an ischemic stroke. Despite its low incidence, it has high morbidity and mortality, increased even more when associated with risks factors which may favor such is occurrence.  
Materials and methods: This study is an integral revision of literature, at three data bases. PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs, with studies from 2019-2021. Inclusion criteria were: original articles in English or Portuguese; patients with high blood pressure (HBP) and/or diabetes as risk factors, or no comorbidities. Exclusion criteria were: original articles in incompatible languages; no evaluated risk factors or no relevant for the topic.
Results: Out of 24 patients with ischemic stroke related to COVID-19 who were evaluated, 70.83% were men and 35.29% were over 64 years old. Diabetes was more prevalent in women (60%) and HBP in men (75%). Regarding evolution, 41.17% of the patients died; 57.14 of them presented HBP.
Conclusions: This study showed the relationship between risk factors and patients’ age range regarding the occurrence of ischemic stroke related to COVID-19. Although age is a determinant factor in ischemic strokes, comorbidities showed significant importance.
Validez de contenido del cuestionario de Aceptación Tecnológica en Sistemas de Salud en dos países latinoamericanos
Authors: Cabrera Mendoza Néstor Iván , Díaz de León Castañeda Christian , Vélez Álvarez Consuelo , Pavón León Patricia , Gogeascoechea Trejo María del Carmen , Gutiérrez Alba Gaudencio , Campos Uscanga Yolanda , Ortiz León María Cristina
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Some studies conducted in Latin America have evaluated the access and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by healthcare personnel in health services. However, the instruments that were used focused on specific technologies and had limited evidence regarding validity and reliability. 
Objective: To develop a questionnaire to assess the availability, acceptance, and use of ICT as mechanisms for care coordination and the factors influencing public health services, and to analyze its content validity. 
Materials and Methods: The questionnaire ‘Technology Acceptance in Health Systems’ (ACEPTESS) was designed and adapted for Mexico and Colombia. Content validity was analyzed using Delphi method in three phases: 1) preparatory phase, 2) consultation phase, and 3) consensus phase. Nineteen judges, experts in Health Technologies and Health Systems Management participated (8 in Mexico and 11 in Colombia). A digital validation format was used to evaluate the questionnaire items based on four categories: sufficiency, clarity, coherence, and relevance. Consultation phase included two rounds; and degree of agreement among experts was determined using the content validity coefficient. Results: The ACEPTESS questionnaire obtained an overall "excellent" level of agreement in both countries (Mexico: 0.9541; Colombia: 0.9644). The final version of the ACEPTESS questionnaire included 65 items divided into four sections. 
Conclusions: The results suggest that the ACEPTESS questionnaire has evidence of content validity for assessing ICT as mechanisms for care coordination and the factors influencing public health services in Mexico and Colombia. 
 
Keywords: Validation study, Case management, Health systems, Delphi Technique, IT
Impacto negativo de la pandemia COVID-19 en las de atenciones ambulatorias de salud mental de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda-Queipul Camilo , Soto Brandt Gonzalo , Castillo Camiglia Alvaro , Toro Devia Olga , Rivera Espinoza Daniela , Alvarado Ruben
Published: October 2024

Introduction:  COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems worldwide and has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population. Mental health services face the challenge to address people’s mental health needs in contexts of health emergency. 
Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate and explain the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the outpatient services of public mental health care in Coquimbo region, Chile. 
Materials and Methods: A sequential mixed method design (DEXPLIS) was used. In the first stage, an analysis of uninterrupted time series from 2017 to 2021 was conducted on mental health care consultations included in the monthly statistical record (MSR), revealing a decrease of 56% in outpatient visits by 2020. In a second qualitative phase, experiences and perceptions were explored and analyzed through thematic content analysis of focus groups with managers, professionals, and community representatives. 
Results and Conclusion: There was a decrease in face-to-face outpatient consultations in Coquimbo region. Planning with territorial relevance and a community approach is essential in case of similar emergencies. 
 
Keywords: Mental Health Services, Outpatient Care, COVID-19.
Autopercepción de las condiciones de trabajo y de salud de las personas recuperadoras de residuos del Ecoparque Gualeguaychú
Authors: Savoy Francisco , Chesini Francisco , Negro Mariano , Figueredo Ana Belén , Gervasoni Ana , Navajas Ignacio Pablo , Falabella Amparo , Gómez María de los Ángeles , De Gracia Laura
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Waste pickers play a crucial role in urban waste management, and their health can be affected by their working conditions.
Objective: To describe self-perceived health and working conditions among waste pickers at  Gualeguaychu Ecopark.
Methodology: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 48 surveys were administered regarding working conditions and the health-disease-care process. A general frequency analysis of variables was performed, stratified by gender and age groups.
Results: 85.4% of waste pickers expressed satisfaction or high satisfaction with their work, rising to 100% among women. Self-perceived risk factors include: contact with diapers, toilet paper, sanitary towels, gauze, and cotton (93.8%); contact with needles, metals, and glass (>90%); exposure to extreme heat or cold (89.6%); repetitive movements (87.5%); annoying noises (72.9%); and heavy lifting (58.3%). Regarding protective measures, 93.8% reported using them consistently, and 74.5% stated that the equipment is provided by the cooperative. The main health problems reported were musculoskeletal (58.3%), neurological (41.7%), ocular (27.1%), dermatological (22.9%), respiratory (20.8%), and digestive (16.7%) issues. A 75% of  waste pickers only belong to the public healthcare system, and 89.6% seek care at a public healthcare facility when they have a problem.
Conclusion: Organizing waste pickers into a cooperative allows the establishment of minimum standards regarding working conditions.
 
Key-words: Waste Pickers; Working Environment; Health Status; Waste Management
Farmacoepidemiología y costos del tratamiento de la artritis reumatoidea en base a datos de la vida real de la provincia argentina de Neuquén: Estudio descripto (años 2012-2023)
Authors: Hasdeu Santiago , Ruiz Ernesto , Montero Guadalupe , Campo Daiana , Carrasco Eliana
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis affects life quality, causes loss of work productivity, and generates high social health costs, to the point of being considered as a catastrophic disease. To treat this condition, biological disease-modifying drugs have been available since 2000. Concerns about their use include variability in prescription, monitoring of adverse effects, and cost. Real World Evidence (RWE) is defined as evidence derived from the analysis of real-world data. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacoepidemiological burden and costs of biological drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a public health system. Methods: This descriptive study is based on real-world data from 1034 patients who get medicine for rheumatoid arthritis in the public health sector of the Province of Neuquen over an 11-year period. Results: The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was estimated at 0.43%, with 4.25% of patients receiving biological drugs. Over 11 years, the use of these drugs increased by 1000%; the main reason for their prescription is lack of response and/or adverse events with non-biological drugs. The most commonly used drug was Etanercept, with an annual cost 113 times higher than Methotrexate. Conclusions: This study allowed the identification of adverse effects not habitually reported through pharmacovigilance, the description of common prescription patterns, and the monitoring of intervention costs once incorporated into the health system.
Effectiveness and Outcomes of Digital Telehealth Third-Wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ip Vanessa , Jegatheeswaran Santhija , Cheema Aaima Akbar , Fitzgerald Maya , Wakif Zahra , Thind Jannat K. , Kyte Shannen , Yung Spencer , Raikar Ruchi , Ansar Muhammad , Alphonsus Khrisha , naeem farooq
Published: October 2024

Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health disorders globally, contributing significantly to the overall burden of disease worldwide.Third-wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions, which integrate mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies, have demonstrated efficacy. However, barriers such as cost and limited access to in-person therapy restrict widespread usage. Digital delivery of third-wave CBT provides a promising, cost-effective alternative, with improved accessibility for hard to reach populations.Objective: This meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of digital third-wave CBT interventions in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Secondary objectives include subgroup analyses of additional psychosocial outcomes.Methods: Between May and June 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating digital third-wave CBT interventions for adults experiencing depression or anxiety. Inclusion criteria required digital interventions exclusively using third-wave CBT. Data extraction followed the Cochrane Handbook, and meta-analytic techniques were used to assess intervention effectiveness.Results: For anxiety outcomes, data revealed a small-to-moderate reduction in anxiety symptoms with substantial heterogeneity. Depression outcomes showed a more consistent reduction in symptoms, with low heterogeneity. Mindfulness-based interventions were the most common among the digital therapies reviewed, suggesting future research should further explore and compare mindfulness with other therapeutic approaches.Conclusion: Digital third-wave CBT interventions effectively reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and offer accessibility while proving comparably effective to traditional therapy formats. These findings highlight the potential of digital mental health interventions to address global disparities in mental health care.
Public communication about science across 68 countries: Global evidence on how people get information and communicate about science-related matters
Authors: Mede Niels G. , Cologna Viktoria , Berger Sebastian , Besley John C. , Brick Cameron , Joubert Marina , Maibach Edward , Mihelj Sabina , Oreskes Naomi , Schäfer Mike S.
Published: October 2024

Science communicators, educators, and policy-makers around the world need robust evidence on how people inform themselves about science-related issues and communicate about them with others. We provide such evidence, drawing on a global population survey (n = 71,922 in 68 countries) that gives nationally representative insights into people’s science information diets and communication behavior and elucidates cross-country patterns. The analyses show that social media are the most important source of science-related information in most countries—except in those with pluralistic, professionalized, state-subsidized, and public service-oriented media, where people report using news media more frequently. The results also suggest that citizens in collectivist societies are less outspoken about science in daily life. Participation in public protests on science-related issues, such as climate change and COVID-19, seems to depend on local legislative conditions and the importance of civic engagement in political culture. Further analyses test whether country differences are contingent upon national levels of educational attainment, freedom of academic exchange and dissemination, access to digital media, GDP per capita, press freedom, freedom of speech, and the degree of democratic deliberation. Overall, we provide unique comparative evidence on public communication about science across the world, which can help to inform science communication scholarship and practice globally.
Linking Family Violence and Children’s Trauma Symptoms Through Attachment and Emotional Insecurity
Authors: van Loon-Dikkers Liselotte , Tierolf Bas , Schuengel Carlo , Steketee Majone
Published: October 2024

Background: Attachment theory and emotional security theory offer distinct but compatible accounts to explain the consequences for children growing up in families with child abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence (IPV). Objective: We examined the unique contributions of attachment security and emotional insecurity in explaining associations between CAN and IPV, on the one hand, and children's post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), on the other. We examined to what extent attachment security and emotional insecurity mediate the relationship between CAN and IPV and PTSS. Participants and Setting: Participants were 718 Dutch parents reporting about their children (3-12 years) and 186 children (8-18 years) self-reporting. They were contacted through child protection services. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires about CAN, IPV, attachment security, emotional insecurity, and PTSS. Using structural equation modelling, four mediation analyses were conducted: attachment security measured from fathers’ (1) and mothers’ (2) perspectives, and children’s perspectives on fathers (3) and mothers (4). Results: The indirect effects of CAN and IPV on PTSS through emotional insecurity and attachment security from father’s (B=.22, p<.05 and B=.04, p<.05, respectively) and mother’s (B=.03, p<.01 and B=.15, p<.05, respectively) perspectives were significant. Indirect effects from children’s perspectives on fathers and mothers were significant only for IPV (both B=.09, p<.01). Emotional insecurity clearly was a more consistent mediator. Conclusions: Findings emphasize a family-level rather than a dyadic perspective on the relationship dynamics in families with CAN and IPV. Emotional security theory may be particularly relevant for understanding the psychological needs of children in these families.
Global Rice Paddy Inventory (GRPI): a high-resolution inventory of methane emissions from rice agriculture based on Landsat satellite inundation data
Authors: Chen Zichong , Jacob Daniel , Lin Haipeng , Balasus Nicholas , Hardy Andy , East James , Zhang Yuzhong , Runkle Benjamin , Hancock Sarah , Taylor Charles , Du Xinming , Sander Bjoern
Published: October 2024

Rice agriculture is a major source of atmospheric methane, but current emission inventories are highly uncertain, mostly due to poor rice-specific inundation data. Inversions of atmospheric methane observations can help to better quantify rice emissions but require high-resolution prior information on the location and timing of emissions. Here we use Landsat satellite data at 30 m resolution to identify flooded vegetation and combine this information with a 30 m global cropland database, rice-specific data, and a recent global dataset of emission factors (EFs) per unit of rice paddy area. The resulting Global Rice Paddy Inventory (GRPI) provides methane emission estimates at 0.1o× 0.1o (~10 km ×10 km) spatial resolution and monthly resolution. Evaluation of GRPI with independent rice area data and FLUXNET-CH4 eddy flux measurements shows good agreement. Our global emission of 39.3 ± 4.7 Tg a-1 for 2022 (best estimate and error standard deviation) is higher than previous inventories that use outdated rice maps and IPCC-recommended EFs now considered too low. GRPI shows the largest discrepancy from previous inventories in South Asia, where rice agriculture has rapidly developed but outdated rice maps fail to represent it. China is the largest rice emitter in GRPI (8.2 ± 1.0 Tg a-1), followed by India (6.5 ± 1.0 Tg a-1), Bangladesh (5.7 ± 1.2 Tg a-1), Vietnam (5.7 ± 1.0 Tg a-1), and Thailand (4.4 ± 0.9 Tg a-1). These five countries together account for 78% of global total rice emissions. The seasonality of emissions varies between countries depending on local climate and cultivation practices. We define a rice methane intensity (methane emission per unit of rice produced) to assess the potential of mitigating methane without compromising food security. We find national methane intensities ranging from 10 to 120 kg methane per ton of rice produced (global mean 51) for major rice-growing countries. Countries can achieve low intensities with high-yield cultivars, upland rice agriculture, water management, and organic matter management.
Phanerozoic thermochronology record of Afro-Arabia through space and time
Authors: Boone Samuel , McMillan Malcolm , Balestrieri Maria-Laura , Kohn Barry , Gleadow Andrew , Alimanovic Abaz , Hutchinson Graham , Noble Wayne , Mackintosh Vhairi , Seiler Christian , Belton David , Majer-Kielbaska Danielle , Stockli Daniel , Jacobs Joachim , Pujols Edgardo , Daßinnes Matthias , Emmel Benjamin , Kohlmann Fabian , Beucher Romain
Published: October 2024

Low-temperature thermochronology has been widely used in eastern Africa and Arabia (Afro-Arabia) to investigate the long-term thermal evolution of the crust in response to Phanerozoic tectonism. Yet, utilisation of this invaluable thermochronology record to inform numerical investigations into the long-term tectonothermal, geodynamic and landscape evolution of the region has been limited by the dispersion of these data across numerous disparate case studies. Here, we present a relational database of apatite (1787), zircon (68) and titanite fission-track (97) analyses, and apatite (1,945), zircon (3310), and titanite (U-Th)/He (83) ages, including 465 new fission-track and 2,583 new single-grain (U-Th)/He analyses from across region. Where available, all detailed single-grain age, track length, geochemical and kinetic parameter data needed for performing thermal history modelling are presented. Also included are 668 digitised thermochronology-derived thermal history simulations and burial history models from well data, which quantify the regional upper crustal Phanerozoic thermal history. Collectively, this comprehensive database records the Phanerozoic thermal evolution of Afro-Arabia through space and time. Regional spatiotemporal trends, anomalies, limitations and potential future uses of the dataset are then discussed. The machine-readable database is made publicly available through the EarthBank platform, enabling 4D (3D through time) geospatial data interrogation.
Protocol for the Intensive Longitudinal Mindfulness study: A fully within-subject repeated sampling investigation of focused attention and open monitoring
Authors: White Marne , Lin Yanli , Braver Todd Samuel
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, research investigating the neural mechanisms of mindfulness has burgeoned. However, there remains an important need for detailed experimental data regarding how mindfulness training alters the brain and how such changes translate to influence psychological function and subjective experience. The Intensive Longitudinal Mindfulness (ILM) study addresses this gap in the literature, by providing a fully within subject, time-intensive EEG sampling of mindfulness practice. The focus of this paper is to provide the protocol for the ILM study as a resource for interested researchers. Across eight weeks of mindfulness training, participants completed up to 24 EEG recorded sessions (3x per week) of focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM), two theoretically distinct forms of mindfulness practice, using standardized audio-guided meditation practices. Following each 20-minute practice of FA and OM (totaling 40 minutes per training session), subjective meditation quality was assessed using a self-report questionnaire battery. Before and after the eight weeks of training, participants also completed a multi-session task battery to assess training related changes to cognitive and affective functioning. The ILM study aims to demonstrate the value of a well-controlled, within-subject time intensive longitudinal design, with the capability to track neural and self-report trajectories associated with different forms of mindfulness training and to link these important dimensions of analysis across time.
The effect of stealth vs. declared reductions to lunch meal portion size on subsequent energy intake: A randomised control experiment.
Authors: Gough Tom , Brealey Jane , Finlay Amy , Jones Andrew , Robinson Eric
Published: October 2024

Background: Large reductions to meal portion size result in reduced daily energy intake due to reductions not being fully compensated for through later energy intake. However, to date no studies have investigated how more realistic portion size reductions affect energy intake. The present study investigated whether reducing the portion size of a meal by 15% affects subsequent energy intake and if this effect differs depending on whether or not consumers are aware of the portion size reduction. Methods: Participants (N = 110, female = 58) attended two test days where they were given ad libitum access to a lunch meal (main course and desserts) and a dinner meal (main course and desserts). During the first day, participants’ intake of the lunch main course was recorded and during the second day, participants were served a lunch main course either the portion size of the amount they consumed on the first day (control condition), or 15% less. Participants served 15% less were either told that the portion size was the amount they previously consumed (reduced unaware) or it had been reduced (reduced aware).Results: Compared with the first test day, participants in the second test day in both of the reduced portion size conditions consumed less energy from the lunch main course than the control condition. There were no significant effects of condition on energy intake immediately after the lunch main course or energy intake later in the day, indicating a lack of evidence for compensatory eating in response to reduced portion size. However, exploratory analyses were suggestive of participants in the reduced aware condition showing some degree of compensatory eating.Conclusion: These findings suggest that reducing meal portion size by 15% decreases meal energy intake and may not cause significant later compensatory eating. However, further research is required to understand the size of portion reductions to promote reduced daily energy intake and if this is affected by awareness of portion size reductions.
Equalizing Opportunities or Reproducing Inequalities? Tracing the Path from College Prep Course Access to Postsecondary Student Success
Authors: Holzman Brian , Lewis Bethany , Kennedy Camila Cigarroa , Guo Weiqi , Stroub Kori
Published: October 2024

Several states have set goals to increase the number of college graduates, leading to accountability measures that incorporate college preparatory (prep) coursework. However, access to these courses varies within and across school contexts, potentially shaping students’ educational trajectories. This study examines access to college prep courses in Texas, exploring how school characteristics predict course offerings and how these offerings predict course-taking. We also determine whether college prep course-taking affects postsecondary attainment within 12 years of high-school graduation. Results show that larger, urban, and suburban schools with higher academic achievement and less economic disadvantage offer more college prep courses. Schools offering more college prep courses see greater student course-taking, particularly among higher-achieving students. Additionally, taking more prep courses is associated with higher postsecondary credential and bachelor’s degree attainment, especially for lower-achieving students. We recommend that practitioners focus on increasing enrollment in existing college prep coursework, then expand offerings as demand grows.
Parenting leave policy data gaps: Monitoring the implementation and impact of the EU Work-Life Balance Directive
Authors: Bartova Alzbeta , Dobrotic Ivana , Arnalds Ásdís Aðalbjörg
Published: October 2024

A policy brief produced by COST Action Sustainability@Leave (CA21150) covering parental leave policy data gaps in the context of EU Work-Life Balance Directive. The document is based on an extensive report by Ivana Dobrotić, Ásdís Ađalbjörk Arnalds, Elitsa Dimitrova, Keonhi Son, Cassandra Engeman, Marie Valentova, Murat Mercan, Kalina Ilieva, Zsuzsanna Makay, Thordis Reimer, Alžběta Bártová, and Tolga Aksoy (2023), Parenting leave policy data gaps: a comparative critical analysis, COST Action Parental Leave Policies and Social Sustainability (Sustainability@Leave), DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/8g25k, available at: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/8g25k
Themes of Jitauri Katha Sangraha
Authors: Sharma Mukunda Prasad
Published: October 2024

The study focusses on the core themes of the stories from Jitauri Katha Sangrah by storyteller Purna Oli are discussed. The collection includes a total of thirteen stories, and six of them—Anshiar, Khajakharch, Mache Ankho, An Incompetent Warrior, Jitauri, and Keihaina—have been explained in detail. This study identifies the issues highlighted in these stories.
The objective of this study is to analyze the stories based on their core themes. A descriptive method was used in this qualitative study, where the summaries of the stories were reviewed, and conclusions were drawn after analyzing their essence. The stories reveal several problems in Nepalese society. These include issues of citizenship, the presence of human traffickers, the wrongful persecution of noble people, corruption, and the authoritarian behavior of men towards women due to conservative tradition. Additionally, qualified peoples in society are becoming ineffective, broker capitalism is leading to widespread incompetence, and Nepal's political system and leadership are often deceiving the people, public opinion, and constitutionalism.
Oli’s stories also highlight the weakening of Nepal's bureaucracy, the presence of fake behaviours in society, the suffering and warm love found in Nepali society, and the idea that abandoning revolution and hard work leads to loss in life. Furthermore, the stories touch on the growing influence of mafia and brokerage in the education sector, the unjust dismissal of honest employees based on suspicion, and the challenges faced by Nepali people in various aspects of life, including murder for money. Through these stories, Oli powerfully presents the essence of human settlements falling into the clutches of these problems.
Stress and Support: Determinants of Work-Life Balance for Women Teachers in Private Schools
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Raj
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to find out the role of work stress - work support and family stress - family support in determining the work-life balance of women teachers in private schools of Bhairahawa City. This study is based on a quantitative research approach under the survey research design. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics with 201 women teachers selected through convenient sampling approach from 18 private schools. The finding reveals that most women teachers agree that they cannot balance their personal and professional lives smoothly due to the time they have to devote to their jobs. Their personal and family lives distract them from doing their job as good as they can. Additionally, it provides additional information to understand the factors that are essential in determining the work-life balance of women teachers in private schools. Stakeholders, including family heads, and policymakers, should collaborate synergistically to address the underlying causes of stress and provide robust support mechanisms to empower the work-life balance of women teachers.