bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects through Modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling in Mice
Authors: Chiu Chun-Hung , Chyau Charng-Cherng , Chen Chin-Chu , Lee Li-Ya , Chen Wan-Ping , Liu Jia-Ling , Lin Wen-Hsin , Mong Mei-Chin
Published: January 2018

Antidepressant-like effects of ethanolic extract of Hericium erinaceus (HE) mycelium enriched in erinacine A on depressive mice challenged by repeated restraint stress (RS) were examined. HE at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight/day was orally given to mice for four weeks. After two weeks of HE administration, all mice except the control group went through with 14 days of RS protocol. Stressed mice exhibited various behavioral alterations, such as extending immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), and increasing the number of entries in open arm (POAE) and the time spent in the open arm (PTOA). Moreover, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were decreased in the stressed mice, while the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased. These changes were significantly inverted by the administration of HE, especially at the dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight/day. Additionally, HE was shown to activate the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways and block the NF-κB signals in mice. Taken together, erinacine A-enriched HE mycelium could reverse the depressive-like behavior caused by RS and was accompanied by the modulation of monoamine neurotransmitters as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulation of BDNF pathways. Therefore, erinacine A-enriched HE mycelium could be an attractive agent for the treatment of depressive disorders.
Molecular Understanding of the Activation of CB1 and Blockade of TRPV1 Receptors: Implications for Novel Treatment Strategies in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mlost Jakub , Kostrzewa Magdalena , Malek Natalia , Starowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease in which cartilage degenerates as a result of mechanical and biochemical changes. The main OA symptom is chronic pain involving both peripheral and central mechanisms of nociceptive processing. Our previous studies have implicated the benefits of dual- over single-acting compounds interacting with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in OA treatment. In the present study, we focused on the specific molecular alterations associated with pharmacological treatment. OA was induced in Wistar rats by intra-articular injection of 3 mg of monoiodoacetate (MIA). Single target compounds (URB597, an FAAH inhibitor, and SB366791, a TRPV1 antagonist) and a dual-acting compound OMDM198 (FAAH inhibitor/TRPV1 antagonist) were used in the present study. At day 21 post-MIA injection, rats were sacrificed 1 h after i.p. treatment, and changes in mRNA expression were evaluated in the lumbar spinal cord by RT-qPCR. Following MIA administration, we observed 2-4-fold increase in mRNA expression of targeted receptors (Cnr1, Cnr2, and Trpv1), endocannabinoid degradation enzymes (Faah, Ptgs2, and Alox12), and TRPV1 sensitizing kinases (Mapk3, Mapk14, Prkcg, and Prkaca). OMDM198 treatment reversed some of the MIA effects on the spinal cord towards intact levels (Alox12, Mapk14, and Prkcg). Apparent regulation of ECS and TRPV1 in response to pharmacological intervention is a strong justification for novel ECS-based multi-target drug treatment in OA.
Comparative Digital Gene Expression Analysis of Tissue-Cultured Plantlets of Highly Resistant and Susceptible Banana Cultivars in Response to Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Niu Yuqing , Hu Bei , Li Xiaoquan , Chen Houbin , Takáč Tomáš , Šamaj Jozef , Xu Chunxiang
Published: January 2018

Banana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases. In this study, young tissue-cultured plantlets of banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivars differing in Foc susceptibility were used to reveal their differential responses to this pathogen using digital gene expression (DGE). Data were evaluated by various bioinformatic tools (Venn diagrams, gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses) and immunofluorescence labelling method to support the identification of gene candidates determining the resistance of banana against Foc. Interestingly, we have identified MaWRKY50 as an important gene involved in both constitutive and induced resistance. We also identified new genes involved in the resistance of banana to Foc, including several other transcription factors (TFs), pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and some genes related to the plant cell wall biosynthesis or degradation (e.g., pectinesterases, β-glucosidases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase and endoglucanase). The resistant banana cultivar shows activation of PR-3 and PR-4 genes as well as formation of different constitutive cell barriers to restrict spreading of the pathogen. These data suggest new mechanisms of banana resistance to Foc.
Nanofiltration and Tight Ultrafiltration Membranes for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Agro-Food By-Products
Authors: Cassano Alfredo , Conidi Carmela , Ruby-Figueroa René , Castro-Muñoz Roberto
Published: January 2018

Pressure-driven membrane-based technologies represent a valid approach to reduce the environmental pollution of several agro-food by-products. Recently, in relation to the major interest for natural compounds with biological activities, their use has been also addressed to the recovery, separation and fractionation of phenolic compounds from such by-products. In particular, tight ultrafiltration (UF) and nanolfiltration (NF) membranes have been recognized for their capability to recover phenolic compounds from several types of agro-food by-products. The separation capability of these membranes, as well as their productivity, depends on multiple factors such as membrane material, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and operating conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, feed flow rate, volume reduction factor, etc.). This paper aims at providing a critical overview of the influence of these parameters on the recovery of phenolic compounds from agro-food by-products by using tight UF and NF membranes. The literature data are analyzed and discussed in relation to separation processes, molecule properties, membrane characteristics and other phenomena occurring in the process. Current extraction methodologies of phenolic compounds from raw materials are also introduced in order to drive the implementation of integrated systems for the production of actractive phenolic formulations of potential interest as food antioxidants.
High-Quality GaSe Single Crystal Grown by the Bridgman Method
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Jie , Zhao Qinghua , Yin Ziang , Zhang Yinghan , Chen Bingqi , Xie Yong , Jie Wanqi
Published: January 2018

A high-quality GaSe single crystal was grown by the Bridgman method. The X-ray rocking curve for the studied GaSe sample is symmetric and the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is only 46 arcs, which is the smallest value ever reported for GaSe crystals. The IR-transmittance is about 66% in the range from 500 to 4000 cm−1. The photoluminescence spectrum at 9.2 K shows a symmetric and sharp excition peak in 2.1046 eV. The results indicate that the as-grown GaSe crystal is of high crystalline quality. The as-grown ε -GaSe crystal has a p-type conductance with the resistivity of 103 Ω/cm, and the Hall mobility is ~25 cm2 V−1 s−1. Few-layer GaSe crystals were prepared through mechanical exfoliation from this high-quality crystal sample. Few-layer GaSe-based photodetectors were fabricated, which exhibit an on/off ratio of 104, a field-effect differential mobility of 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, and have a fast response time less than 60 ms under light illumination.
Soft Material-Enabled, Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Herbert Robert , Kim Jong-Hoon , Kim Yun , Lee Hye , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: January 2018

Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), designed in wearable and implantable configurations, have enormous applications in advanced healthcare, rapid disease diagnostics, and persistent human-machine interfaces. Soft, contoured geometries and time-dynamic deformation of the targeted tissues require high flexibility and stretchability of the integrated bioelectronics. Recent progress in developing and engineering soft materials has provided a unique opportunity to design various types of mechanically compliant and deformable systems. Here, we summarize the required properties of soft materials and their characteristics for configuring sensing and substrate components in wearable and implantable devices and systems. Details of functionality and sensitivity of the recently developed FHE are discussed with the application areas in medicine, healthcare, and machine interactions. This review concludes with a discussion on limitations of current materials, key requirements for next generation materials, and new application areas.
Effect of Nb on δ Phase Precipitation and the Tensile Properties in Cast Alloy IN625
Authors: Mu Yiqiang , Wang Changshuai , Zhou Wenlong , Zhou Lanzhang
Published: January 2018

Cast alloy IN625 is a candidate Ni-base alloy for advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of Nb on δ phase precipitation and the tensile properties in this alloy. The results show that the δ phase is easy to precipitate after long-term aging at 700 °C (the service temperature of A-USC power plants) and it is strongly affected by the content of Nb in the alloy. The strength of alloys after aging at 700 °C for 10,000 h increases with the increasing Nb content and also increases sharply when compared to that of as-heat-treated alloys. The increase in strength is found to be primarily associated with the precipitation of the δ phase.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Capparis spinosa as a Medicinal Plant
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Ma Zheng
Published: January 2018

Over the past decades, there has been increasing attention on polyphenol-rich foods including fruits and vegetables on human health. Polyphenols have been shown to possess some potential beneficial effects on human health and they are widely found in foods consumed by populations worldwide. Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) is an important source of different secondary metabolites of interest to humankind. The traditional therapeutic applications of C. spinosa have been reported in Ancient Romans. Numerous bioactive phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from different parts (aerial parts, roots and seeds) of C. spinosa which are responsible alone or in combination for its various pharmacological activities. Therefore, this paper is a review of publications on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. spinosa. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that C. spinosa or its extracts are able to improve the biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, these studies used different parts of C. spinosa plant, methods of preparation and types of solvents, which cause the evaluation of activity of C. spinosa difficult and involve quite heterogeneous data. There is also evidence, although limited, to suggest benefits of C. spinosa in improving human health. Therefore, the relationship between C. spinosa and improved human health outcomes requires further study.
Collagen-Coated Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Incorporated with DGEA Peptide for Synergistic Repair of Skull Defect
Authors: Bi Ming , Han Hui , Dong Shujun , Zhang Ying , Xu Weiguo , Zhu Bitao , Wang Jingyun , Zhou Yanmin , Ding Jianxun
Published: January 2018

The treatment of large-area bone defects remains a challenge; however, various strategies have been developed to improve the performances of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. In this study, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) scaffold was coated with Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA)-incorporated collagen for the repair of rat skull defect. Our results indicated that the mechanical strength and hydrophilicity of the PLGA/HA scaffold were clearly improved and conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. The collagen-coated scaffold with DGEA significantly promoted the repair of skull defect. These findings indicated that a combination of collagen coating and DGEA improved scaffold properties for bone regeneration, thereby providing a new potential strategy for scaffold design.
Epitaxial Crystallization Behavior of Poly(butylene adipate) on Orientated Poly(butylene succinate) Substrate
Authors: Wang Haijun , Gao Zhijin , Yang Xi , Liu Kun , Zhang Min , Qiang Xihuai , Wang Xuechuan
Published: January 2018

The crystallization behavior of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) in the sheared PBS/PBA blend, as well as on highly orientated poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) substrate, was studied by means of DSC, POM, Raman microscopy, and XRD. The results showed that the pre-existing orientated PBS crystals exhibit a very strong nucleation ability toward PBA as reflected by the increased crystallization temperature and the occurrence of heteroepitaxy and transcrystallization of PBA on the PBS substrate. The epitaxial crystallization of PBA on the PBS substrate results in the formation of α-form PBA crystals in any crystallization conditions.
Novel Biological Hydrogel: Swelling Behaviors Study in Salt Solutions with Different Ionic Valence Number
Authors: Wang Yu , He Guidong , Li Zheng , Hua Jiachuan , Wu Maoqi , Gong Jixian , Zhang Jianfei , Ban Li-tong , Huang Liang
Published: January 2018

In this paper, poly γ-glutamic acid/ε-polylysine (γ-PGA/ε-PL) hydrogels were successful prepared. The γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels could be used to remove Na+, Ca2+, and Cr3+ from aqueous solution and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of hydrogels were estimated under different ionic concentration, temperature, and pH. The results showed that the ionic concentration and the pH significantly influenced the swelling capacity of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels. The swelling capacities of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels were decreased with the increase of the ionic concentration. However, the swelling capacity of the γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogel was increased with the increase of the pH. The swelling kinetics indicated that γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels presented a more limited swelling degree in metal ion solutions with higher ionic valence numbers than in ion solutions with lower ionic valence numbers. However, the swelling kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they proposed a satisfactory description in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. The adsorption process was fitted with a pseudo-second-order rate equation model. Moreover, the desorption kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they could release most of the adsorption ions. Considering the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ionic-sensitive properties, we propose that these γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels have high potential to be used in environmental protection, medical treatment, and other related fields.
Molecular Imprinting and Functional Polymers for All Transducers and Applications
Authors: Dickert Franz
Published: January 2018

The main challenge in developing a chemical sensor is the synthesis of recognition coatings, which are very sensitive and selective to analytes of interest. Molecular imprinting has proven to be the most innovative strategy for this purpose in functional polymer design in the last few decades. Moreover, the introduction of functional groups brings about new applications for all available transducers. Sensitivity and selectivity features of sensor coatings can be tuned by this approach. The strategy produces molecular cavities and interaction sites in sensor coatings. The synthesis of these tailored recognition materials is performed in an outstanding manner, saving time and the high costs of chemicals. Furthermore, intermolecular interactions between the analyte and chemical layers will generate sites that are complementary to the analyte. This procedure can easily be done, directly on a transducer surface, which entails engulfing the analyte by a prepolymer and crosslinking the polymeric material. These imprinted polymers form a robust recognition layer on the transducer surface, which cannot be peeled off and can withstand very harsh conditions, both in gaseous and liquid media. These recognition materials are very suitable, for small molecules and even large bioparticles.
Silver Buckshot or Bullet: Is a Future “Energy Mix” Necessary?
Authors: Brook Barry , Blees Tom , Wigley Tom , Hong Sanghyun
Published: January 2018

To displace fossil fuels and achieve the global greenhouse-gas emissions reductions required to meet the Paris Agreement on climate change, the prevalent argument is that a mix of different low-carbon energy sources will need to be deployed. Here we seek to challenge that viewpoint. We argue that a completely decarbonized, energy-rich and sustainable future could be achieved with a dominant deployment of next-generation nuclear fission and associated technologies for synthesizing liquid fuels and recycling waste. By contrast, non-dispatchable energy sources like wind and solar energy are arguably superfluous, other than for niche applications, and run the risk of diverting resources away from viable and holistic solutions. For instance, the pairing of variable renewables with natural-gas backup fails to address many of the entrenched problems we seek to solve. Our conclusion is that, given the urgent time frame and massive extent of the energy-replacement challenge, half-measures that distract from or stymie effective policy and infrastructure investment should be avoided.
Symmetry and Topology: The 11 Uninodal Planar Nets Revisited
Authors: Eon Jean-Guillaume
Published: January 2018

A description of the 11 well-known uninodal planar nets is given by Cayley color graphs or alternative Cayley color graphs of plane groups. By applying methods from topological graph theory, the nets are derived from the bouquet B n with rotations mostly as voltages. It thus appears that translation, as a symmetry operation in these nets, is no more fundamental than rotations.
Les gisements de fer de la région de Kisanga (Shaba, Zaïre), colmatages d'un paléokarst du Protérozoïque supérieur
Authors: Buffard Roland
Published: January 2018

The Kisanga iron caps in Southern Shaba (Zaïre), situated in the Kakontwe Limestone, result from the filling of an Upper Proterozoïc paléokarst. These ancient karstic traces have been related to a local and temporary emergence in the Likasi district caused by the Kipushi rift structuration during the early Lower Kundelungu.
Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications
Authors: Zhuang Ruiyuan , Yao Shanshan , Jing Maoxiang , Shen Xiangqian , Xiang Jun , Li Tianbao , Xiao Kesong , Qin Shibiao
Published: January 2018

One-dimensional molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers (MoO2–CNFs) were prepared using an electrospinning technique followed by calcination, using sol–gel precursors and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a processing aid. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MoO2–CNFs with an average diameter of 425–575 nm obtained after heat treatment were used as a matrix to prepare sulfur/MoO2–CNF cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The polysulfide adsorption and electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that MoO2–CNFs did not only act as polysulfide reservoirs to alleviate the shuttle effect, but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics during the charge–discharge processes. The effect of MoO2–CNF heat treatment on the cycle performance of sulfur/MoO2–CNFs electrodes was examined, and the data showed that MoO2–CNFs calcined at 850 °C delivered optimal performance with an initial capacity of 1095 mAh g−1 and 860 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The results demonstrated that sulfur/MoO2–CNF composites display a remarkably high lithium–ion diffusion coefficient, low interfacial resistance and much better electrochemical performance than pristine sulfur cathodes.
Certified Electronic Health Record Technology Under the Quality Payment Program
Authors: Gillen Emily , Berzin Olivia , Vincent Adam , Johnston Doug
Published: January 2018

The 2016 Quality Payment Program (QPP) is a Medicare reimbursement reform designed to incentivize value-based care over volume-based care. A core tenet of the QPP is integrated utilization of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT). Adopting and implementing CEHRT is a resource-intensive process, requiring both financial capital and human capital (in the form of knowledge and time). Adoption can be especially challenging for small or rural practices that may not have access to such capital.
In this issue brief, we discuss the role of CEHRT in the QPP and offer policy recommendations to help small and rural practices improve their health information technology (IT) capabilities with regards to participation in value-based care. The QPP requires practices to have health IT capabilities, both as a requirement for a complete performance score and to facilitate reporting. Practices that are unable to implement CEHRT will have difficulty complying with the new reimbursement system, and will likely incur financial losses. We recommend monetary support and staff training to small and rural practices for the adoption of CEHRT, and we recommend assistance to help practices comply with the requirements of the QPP and coordinate with other small and rural practices for reporting purposes.
KAZOKIŠKIŲ SĄVARTYNO KVAPŲ SKLAIDOS MODELIAVIMAS
Authors: MEIŠUTOVIČ-AKHTARIEVA Marija , MARČIULAITIENĖ Eglė
Published: January 2018

Straipsnyje analizuojami tyrimai, susiję su kvapų emisijomis iš pasyvaus kvapo šaltinio – komunalinių nepavojingų
atliekų sąvartyno. Tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus apskrities regioniniame komunalinių atliekų Kazokiškių sąvartyne,
didžiausiame nepavojingųjų komunalinių atliekų sąvartyne Lietuvoje. Kvapų emisijos buvo tiriamos iš skirtingo amžiaus
atliekų ir esant skirtingoms lauko oro temperatūroms. Skaičiuojant kvapų, išsiskiriančių veiklos metu, sklaidą, buvo naudojama
kompiuterinė programinė įranga „ADMS 4.2“. Kazokiškių sąvartyno vykdomos ūkinės veiklos skleidžiamo kvapo
sklaidos modeliavimas atliktas 1,5 m aukštyje virš žemės paviršiaus taikant 98-ąjį procentilį, o kvapo koncentracijų
vidurkinimo laikas – 1 valanda. Darbe nustatyta Kazokiškių kvapų sklaida netoliese prie esančių gyvenviečių virš žemės
paviršiaus neviršijo 8 europinių kvapo vienetų.
CHEMINĖS EKSTRAKCIJOS METODO TAIKYMAS NIKELIU UŽTERŠTAM
DIRVOŽEMIUI VALYTI
Authors: MOTIEJŪNAS Mindaugas , PALIULIS Dainius
Published: January 2018

Daugelis atliktų studijų atskleidžia, jog cheminė sunkiųjų metalų ekstrakcija iš užteršto dirvožemio yra vienas
efektyviausių valymo būdų ir naudojama tik stipriai užterštoms teritorijoms valyti. Metodas taikomas ex-situ principu, todėl
jo kaina santykinai yra didesnė, lyginant su in-situ (didžiąją kainos dalį sudaro ne cheminiai reagentai, bet grunto nukasimo,
pervežimo ir sandėliavimo darbai). Nepaisant didesnės kainos, šis dirvožemio valymo būdas yra efektyvus ir greitas. >80 %
išvalymo efektyvumą galima pasiekti per kelias valandas. Nepaisant aukšto efektyvumo, šis dirvožemio valymo metodas
Lietuvoje iki šiol nebuvo taikytas. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas cheminės ekstrakcijos metodo, naudojant organines rūgštis,
taikymas nikelio (toliau – Ni) užterštam dirvožemiui valyti. Gilinamasi į cheminės ekstrakcijos efektyvumo priklausomybę
nuo kintamųjų parametrų – organinės rūgšties tipo, koncentracijos bei temperatūros. Optimalūs ekstrakcijos parametrai
nustatomi sąnaudų–naudos analize ir didžiausiu pasiektu metalo pašalinimo efektyvumu.
Positioning and control of scanning electrochemical microscopy / Skenuojančiojo elektrocheminio mikroskopo pozicionavimas ir valdymas
Authors: MORKVĖNAITĖ-VILKONČIENĖ Inga , PETKEVIČIUS Sigitas , KERAITĖ Gabrielė , ŠAKALYS Paulius , LENKUTIS Tadas
Published: January 2018

Positioning problems of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) are very important by means of living cells damaging by moving ultramicroelectrode (UME). The working principle and operating modes of SECM are introduced. Investigation of redox activity of living cells are outlined. Problems, which arise in investigations of living cells by constant distance and constant height modes are discussed. Technical challenges and advances in application of SECM in living cell investigations are provided.
Luminous Efficiency Estimates of Meteors. II. Application to Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory Meteor Events
Authors: Subasinghe Dilini , Campbell-Brown Margaret
Published: January 2018

Luminous efficiency is a necessary parameter for determining meteoroid mass from optical emission. Despite this importance, it is very poorly known, with previous results varying by up to two orders of magnitude for a given speed. We present the most recent study of luminous efficiency values determined with modern high-resolution instruments, by directly comparing dynamic and photometric meteoroid masses. Fifteen non-fragmenting meteoroids were used, with a further five clearly fragmenting events for comparison. Twelve of the fifteen non-fragmenting meteoroids had luminous efficiencies less than 1%, while the fragmenting meteoroids had upper limits of a few tens of per cent. No clear trend with speed was seen, but there was a weak negative trend of luminous efficiency on meteoroid mass, implying that smaller meteoroids radiate more efficiently.
Discovery of a Possible Early-T Thick-disk Subdwarf from the AllWISE2 Motion Survey*
Authors: Kellogg Kendra , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Metchev Stanimir , Gagné Jonathan , Faherty Jacqueline K.
Published: January 2018

We have discovered a potential T0 ± 1 subdwarf from a search for sources in the AllWISE2 Motion Survey that do not have counterparts in surveys at shorter wavelengths. With a tangential velocity of ∼170 km s−1, this object—WISE J071121.36–573634.2—has kinematics that are consistent with the thick-disk population of the Milky Way. Spectral fits suggest a low-metallicity for this object but also allow for the possibility of unresolved multiplicity. If WISE J0711–5736 is indeed an sdT0 dwarf, it would be only the second early-T subdwarf discovered to date.
Evolutionary Models of Red Supergiants: Evidence for A Metallicity-dependent Mixing Length and Implications for Type IIP Supernova Progenitors
Authors: Chun Sang-Hyun , Yoon Sung-Chul , Jung Moo-Keon , Kim Dong Uk , Kim Jihoon
Published: January 2018

Recent studies on the temperatures of red supergiants (RSGs) in the local universe provide us with an excellent observational constraint on RSG models. We calibrate the mixing length parameter by comparing model predictions with the empirical RSG temperatures in Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, Milky Way, and M31, which are inferred from the TiO band and the spectral energy distribution (SED). Although our RSG models are computed with the MESA code, our result may be applied to other stellar evolution codes, including the BEC and TWIN codes. We find evidence that the mixing length increases with increasing metallicity for both cases where the TiO and SED temperatures of RSGs are used for the calibration. Together with the recent finding of a similar correlation in low-mass red giants by Tayar et al., this implies that the metallicity dependence of the mixing length is a universal feature in post-main sequence stars of both low and high masses. Our result implies that typical Type IIP supernova (SN IIP) progenitors with initial masses of

have a radius range of

regardless of metallicity. As an auxiliary result of this study, we find that the hydrogen-rich envelope mass of SN IIP progenitors for a given initial mass is predicted to be largely independent of metallicity if the Ledoux criterion with slow semiconvection is adopted, while the Schwarzschild models predict systematically more massive hydrogen-rich envelopes for lower metallicity.
Where Is the Flux Going? The Long-term Photometric Variability of Boyajian’s Star
Authors: Simon Joshua D. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Pojmański G. , Montet Benjamin T. , Kochanek C. S. , van Saders Jennifer , Holoien T. W.-S. , Henden Arne A.
Published: January 2018

We present ∼800 days of photometric monitoring of Boyajian’s Star (KIC 8462852) from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and ∼4000 days of monitoring from the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS). We show that from 2015 to the present the brightness of Boyajian’s Star has steadily decreased at a rate of 6.3 ± 1.4 mmag yr−1, such that the star is now 1.5% fainter than it was in 2015 February. Moreover, the longer time baseline afforded by ASAS suggests that Boyajian’s Star has also undergone two brightening episodes in the past 11 years, rather than only exhibiting a monotonic decline. We analyze a sample of ∼1000 comparison stars of similar brightness located in the same ASAS-SN field and demonstrate that the recent fading is significant at ≳99.4% confidence. The 2015–2017 dimming rate is consistent with that measured with Kepler data for the time period from 2009 to 2013. This long-term variability is difficult to explain with any of the physical models for the star’s behavior proposed to date.
Power-law Statistics of Driven Reconnection in the Magnetically Closed Corona
Authors: Knizhnik K. J. , Uritsky V. M. , Klimchuk J. A. , DeVore C. R.
Published: January 2018

Numerous observations have revealed that power-law distributions are ubiquitous in energetic solar processes. Hard X-rays, soft X-rays, extreme ultraviolet radiation, and radio waves all display power-law frequency distributions. Since magnetic reconnection is the driving mechanism for many energetic solar phenomena, it is likely that reconnection events themselves display such power-law distributions. In this work, we perform numerical simulations of the solar corona driven by simple convective motions at the photospheric level. Using temperature changes, current distributions, and Poynting fluxes as proxies for heating, we demonstrate that energetic events occurring in our simulation display power-law frequency distributions, with slopes in good agreement with observations. We suggest that the braiding-associated reconnection in the corona can be understood in terms of a self-organized criticality model driven by convective rotational motions similar to those observed at the photosphere.
OGLE-2014-BLG-0289: Precise Characterization of a Quintuple-peak Gravitational Microlensing Event
Authors: Udalski A. , Han C. , Bozza V. , Gould A. , Bond I. A. ,   and, Mróz P. , Skowron J. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Ulaczyk K. , Poleski R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe F. , Barry R. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Evans P. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Kawasaki K. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Miyazaki S. , Munakata H. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Rattenbury N. , Saito T. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Sumi T. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Street R. A. , Tsapras Y. , Bachelet E. , Bramich D. M. , DÁgo G. , Dominik M. , Jaimes R. Figuera , Horne K. , Hundertmark M. , Kains N. , Menzies J. , Schmidt R. , Snodgrass C. , Steele I. A. , Wambsganss J. ,   (Robonet Collaboration), Pogge R. W. , Jung Y. K. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Kim W.-T. ,   (The μFun Collaboration), Beichman C. , Carey S. , Novati S. Calchi , Zhu W. ,   (The Spitzer Team)
Published: January 2018

We present the analysis of the binary-microlensing event OGLE-2014-BLG-0289. The event light curve exhibits five very unusual peaks, four of which were produced by caustic crossings and the other by a cusp approach. It is found that the quintuple-peak features of the light curve provide tight constraints on the source trajectory, enabling us to precisely and accurately measure the microlensing parallax

π

E

. Furthermore, the three resolved caustics allow us to measure the angular Einstein radius

θ

E

. From the combination of

π

E

and

θ

E

, the physical lens parameters are uniquely determined. It is found that the lens is a binary composed of two M dwarfs with masses

M

1

=
0.52
±
0.04

M

⊙

and

M

2

=
0.42
±
0.03

M

⊙

separated in projection by

a

⊥

=
6.4
±
0.5

au

. The lens is located in the disk with a distance of

D

L

=
3.3
±
0.3

kpc

. The reason for the absence of a lensing signal in the Spitzer data is that the time of observation corresponds to the flat region of the light curve.
The Galaxy–Halo Connection for
as Revealed by the Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA Ultra-deep Stripes
Authors: Cowley William I. , Caputi Karina I. , Deshmukh Smaran , Ashby Matthew L. N. , Fazio Giovanni G. , Le Fèvre Olivier , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Ilbert Olivier , McCracken Henry J. , Milvang-Jensen Bo , Somerville Rachel S.
Published: January 2018

The Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA ultra-deep Stripes (SMUVS) provides unparalleled depth at 3.6 and 4.5 μm over ∼0.66 deg2 of the COSMOS field, allowing precise photometric determinations of redshift and stellar mass. From this unique data set we can connect galaxy samples, selected by stellar mass, to their host dark matter halos for

, filling in a large hitherto unexplored region of the parameter space. To interpret the observed galaxy clustering, we use a phenomenological halo model, combined with a novel method to account for uncertainties arising from the use of photometric redshifts. We find that the satellite fraction decreases with increasing redshift and that the clustering amplitude (e.g., comoving correlation length/large-scale bias) displays monotonic trends with redshift and stellar mass. Applying ΛCDM halo mass accretion histories and cumulative abundance arguments for the evolution of stellar mass content, we propose pathways for the coevolution of dark matter and stellar mass assembly. Additionally, we are able to estimate that the halo mass at which the ratio of stellar-to-halo mass is maximized is

at

. This peak halo mass is here inferred for the first time from stellar mass-selected clustering measurements at

, and it implies a mild evolution of this quantity for

, consistent with constraints from abundance-matching techniques.
Possible Imprints of Cold-mode Accretion on the Present-day Properties of Disk Galaxies
Authors: Noguchi Masafumi
Published: January 2018

Recent theoretical studies suggest that a significant part of the primordial gas accretes onto forming galaxies as narrow filaments of cold gas without building a shock and experiencing heating. Using a simple model of disk galaxy evolution that combines the growth of dark matter halos predicted by cosmological simulations with a hypothetical form of cold-mode accretion, we investigate how this cold-accretion mode affects the formation process of disk galaxies. It is found that the shock-heating and cold-accretion models produce compatible results for low-mass galaxies owing to the short cooling timescale in such galaxies. However, cold accretion significantly alters the evolution of disk galaxies more massive than the Milky Way and puts observable fingerprints on their present properties. For a galaxy with a virial mass

, the scale length of the stellar disk is larger by 41% in the cold-accretion model than in the shock-heating model, with the former model reproducing the steep rise in the size–mass relation observed at the high-mass end. Furthermore, the stellar component of massive galaxies becomes significantly redder (0.66 in u − r at

), and the observed color–mass relation in nearby galaxies is qualitatively reproduced. These results suggest that large disk galaxies with red optical colors may be the product of cold-mode accretion. The essential role of cold accretion is to promote disk formation in the intermediate-evolution phase (

) by providing the primordial gas having large angular momentum and to terminate late-epoch accretion, quenching star formation and making massive galaxies red.
Dressing the Coronal Magnetic Extrapolations of Active Regions with a Parameterized Thermal Structure
Authors: Nita Gelu M. , Viall Nicholeen M. , Klimchuk James A. , Loukitcheva Maria A. , Gary Dale E. , Kuznetsov Alexey A. , Fleishman Gregory D.
Published: January 2018

The study of time-dependent solar active region (AR) morphology and its relation to eruptive events requires analysis of imaging data obtained in multiple wavelength domains with differing spatial and time resolution, ideally in combination with 3D physical models. To facilitate this goal, we have undertaken a major enhancement of our IDL-based simulation tool, GX_Simulator, previously developed for modeling microwave and X-ray emission from flaring loops, to allow it to simulate quiescent emission from solar ARs. The framework includes new tools for building the atmospheric model and enhanced routines for calculating emission that include new wavelengths. In this paper, we use our upgraded tool to model and analyze an AR and compare the synthetic emission maps with observations. We conclude that the modeled magneto-thermal structure is a reasonably good approximation of the real one.
Justice et injustice spatiales au Brésil : une réflexion géoéthique
Authors: Bret Bernard
Published: January 2018

Ce texte analyse la composante spatiale des injustices sociales au Brésil, fondée sur la pensée du philosophe John Rawls. La première partie traite de la justice distributive et fait appel au modèle centre-périphérie pour qualifier au regard de l’éthique les inégalités territoriales aux différentes échelles géographiques. La seconde partie montre la conception inégalitaire de la société brésilienne, ancrée dans la géohistoire et le fonctionnement politique actuel du territoire. Enfin, la troisième partie s’interroge sur les ambiguïtés de l’aménagement du territoire au Brésil.
El problema de la caza visto por un genetista
Authors: Dávila García José Antonio
Published: January 2018

La caza tiene problemas para dar y tomar. Produce y sufre problemas de todo tipo, aunque solo hablaré de los genéticos. La caza está en declive sobre todo porque a la naturaleza le va mal. Sin embargo, la caza no solo es fuente de problemas, sino también de soluciones. Hay que compatibilizar caza y conservación de la naturaleza de modo que se haga un uso sostenible de la fauna y los ecosistemas. Hay conocimientos científicos y técnicos suficientes para conseguirlo. Quizá lo que no hay es voluntad. ¿Cómo les cuento de la caza si de la caza ya se ha dicho todo? Lo único que se me ocurre es dar una visión muy personal con palabras sencillas. Espero contar algo nuevo, aunque me consta el desinterés manifiesto de algunas personas por que se les cuenten historias que les hagan pensar de otra manera o siquiera dudar.
Teaching to Transform Baltimore
Authors: Flores-Koulish Stephanie A.
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, the author highlights a case study from Baltimore, Maryland where one parent's classroom collaboration helped to educate over 100 fourth graders about how state government works. Specifically, the chapter details how the parent became inspired by her son's teacher's back-to-school night presentation, and how that led to their future collaboration on a social studies service learning unit. Social movement theory motivated the parent, while the students gained a deep, authentic understanding of the content as well as democratic advocacy skills as a result of this more meaningful teacher/parent collaboration.
Trauma
Authors: McGinley Vicki Ann , Salako Olatomiwa O. , Dubov Jena
Published: January 2018

Experiencing trauma will impact a child's development, specifically physically, psychologically (mentally), and emotionally. There is much research on how trauma affects child development, and more information is being addressed on interventions to ameliorate the impact of the symptoms of trauma children experience. Schools play an important role in working with traumatized children and their families. It is through effective collaboration, communication, cognitive behavior interventions, mindfulness techniques to teach self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, responsible decision making, and relationship skills where schools and families may best support the child's growth and development.
Mexican-American Parents Using Critical Literacy to Address Climate Change
Authors: Furumoto Rosa RiVera
Published: January 2018

This chapter is an in-depth examination of a critical literacy project implemented by immigrant Mexican-American parent leaders that employed culturally relevant Latina/o and Native American children's literature to create dialogue and promote social action focused on environmental concerns. The Good Heart Chicana/o and Native Science after-school enrichment project was held weekly in elementary schools in the San Fernando Valley. Critical pedagogy served as the conceptual framework and informed the critical literacy strategies. Creative dialogue questions based on the children's literature promoted social action among children and families. Hands-on activities deepened the families' connection to environmental science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (E-STEAM) content and careers. Children's interest in science and nature increased. Parent leaders grew in their leadership and ability to address environmental issues in communities.
Etiological Factors and Theories of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Mukund Bhavna , Dehuri Bijoy Kumar
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how sexual abuse could be simply put as an unwanted sexual activity, with the perpetrators using force and/or making threats or taking advantage inability of victims to give consent. Sexual abuse is an extremely common and very serious problem affecting millions of people each year all over the world, but unfortunately in most countries there has been very little research conducted on the problem. Rationally speaking, to prevent or stop social evils like sexual abuse, the scientific method would be arguably one of the most powerful methodology in critical thinking and towards this, understanding causes of sexual abuse is extremely important. In this backdrop, this chapter addresses various psycho social factors, environmental factors and theories of sexual abuse to understand and appreciate the causes of sexual abuse. This concludes that with this aid in developing appropriate legal and policy reforms and interventions that would work on strategy to prevent sexual abuses in the society.
CD8+ T Cells Lack Local Signals To Produce IFN-γ in the Skin during Leishmania Infection
Authors: Novais Fernanda O. , Wong Andrea C. , Villareal Daniel O. , Beiting Daniel P. , Scott Phillip
Published: January 2018

Resolution of leishmaniasis depends upon parasite control and limiting inflammation. CD4+ Th1 cells are required to control parasites, whereas CD8+ T cells play a dual role: they promote Th1 cell differentiation but can also increase inflammation at the site of infection as a consequence of cytolysis. Although CD8+ T cells taken from leishmanial lesions are cytolytic, in this study, we showed that only a few CD8+ T cells produced IFN-γ. Correspondingly, only low levels of IL-12 and/or IL-12 mRNA were present in lesions from infected mice, as well as patients. Addition of IL-12 increased IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells isolated from leishmanial lesions, suggesting that a lack of IL-12 at the site of infection limits IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells. To determine whether CD8+ T cells could promote resistance in vivo if IL-12 was present, we administered IL-12 to Leishmania-infected RAG mice reconstituted with CD8+ T cells. IL-12 treatment increased the ability of CD8+ T cells to make IFN-γ, but CD8+ T cells still failed to control the parasites. Furthermore, despite the ability of CD8+ T cells to promote immunity to secondary infections, we also found that CD8+ T cells from immune mice were unable to control Leishmania in RAG mice. Taken together, these results indicate that lesional CD8+ T cells fail to make IFN-γ because of a deficit in IL-12 but that, even with IL-12, CD8+ T cells are unable to control Leishmania in the absence of CD4+ T cells.
Speleothem stable isotope records for east-central Europe: resampling sedimentary proxy records to obtain evenly spaced time series with spectral guidance
Authors: Hatvani István Gábor , Kern Zoltán , Leél-Őssy Szabolcs , Demény Attila
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Uneven spacing is a common feature of sedimentary paleoclimate records, in
many cases causing difficulties in the application of classical statistical
and time series methods. Although special statistical tools do exist to
assess unevenly spaced data directly, the transformation of such data into a
temporally equidistant time series which may then be examined using commonly
employed statistical tools remains, however, an unachieved goal. The present
paper, therefore, introduces an approach to obtain evenly spaced time series
(using cubic spline fitting) from unevenly spaced speleothem records with the
application of a spectral guidance to avoid the spectral bias caused by
interpolation and retain the original spectral characteristics of the data.
The methodology was applied to stable carbon and oxygen isotope records
derived from two stalagmites from the Baradla Cave (NE Hungary) dating back
to the late 18th century. To show the benefit of the equally spaced records
to climate studies, their coherence with climate parameters is explored using
wavelet transform coherence and discussed. The obtained equally spaced time
series are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.875917.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Ingrid Johnsrude
Authors: Jung Youngkyung (Jess)
Published: January 2018

Dr. Ingrid Johnsrude is a Professor in the Department of Psychology, and the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders. Through her research, she is investigating the neural basis of hearing and the factors involved in perception and anticipation of upcoming speech, using various neuroimaging techniques. Dr. Johnsrude was interviewed for her professional and personal insights regarding the world of scientific research by Youngkyung Jung, a member of the Academic Affairs Committee, WURJHNS.
Nómadas frente a parásitos: prácticas subversivas en la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Mateo-Cecilia Carolina , Finichiu Alice , Braschi Cristina
Published: January 2018

La manera en la que el arte y la arquitectura han reaccionado a la realidad social y construida a lo largo de la historia moderna reciente ha sido variada. Si ante el urbanismo expansivo característico de la Europa de posguerra se priorizaron prácticas desvinculadas del territorio bajo enfoques utópico idealistas, en el cambio de siglo, y especialmente tras 2008, las inquietudes son otras. El intento de reequilibrar los desajustes provocados por los procesos de crecimiento urbano desaforado de la primera década del siglo XX ha llevado cuanto menos a cuestionar la mercantilización de la ciudad existente, esta vez como acciones vinculadas al territorio bajo una actitud pragmática. Partiendo de la premisa de Fiuza Faustino "La ilegalidad como el único territorio liberado dentro de las metrópolis” (2008), en este artículo se identifican acciones cotidianas, actitudes de resistencia que expresan su rechazo a una organización jerárquica de los escenarios arquitectónicos precrisis y evidencian su urgencia de renovación. Estas acciones trabajan sobre las posibilidades de las prácticas subversivas como dispositivos que dan cabida a otras formas de distribución del poder. Dichas actitudes efímeras e itinerantes se ejemplifican en apropiaciones temporales que redescriben la ciudad existente y ya no escapan de ella, habida cuenta del momento que nos ha tocado vivir.