bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the GPS leveling method through the gradient analysis of the geoidal wave. Case study of Ecuador.
Authors: Enríquez Dennys , Leiva César , Cárdenas Santiago , Carrión José , Toulkeridis Theofilos
Published: December 2021

We validated the GPS leveling as an alternative to the traditional geometric leveling method. Validation compares the geometric slopes derived from the GNSS positioning technique, heights resulting from geometric leveling campaigns and geoid undulations extracted from the Global Geopotential Model EGM08. This analysis was performed in the Ecuadorian mainland, where we identified areas in which the gradient of the geoidal undulation is less pronounced. The spatialization of the gradient or variation-based methods allowed to analyze the performance of the GPS leveling method, under the hypothesis that less variability in geoid undulation implies less discrepancies in the GPS unevenness. GNSS observations were determined on the leveling plates belonging to the Basic Vertical Control Network. The results of the study are given based on the relative error resulting from the comparison of the traditional differential leveling method with the corresponding values obtained from the GNSS positioning, considering different distances for the spread of unevenness.
Diagnóstico ambiental integrado de la cuenca del río Puyo, Ecuador.
Authors: Sucoshañay-Villalba Darwin , Gutiérrez-Hernández José , García-Rivero Alberto
Published: December 2021

El uso de métodos combinados para el diagnóstico ambiental integrado de cuencas hidrográficas, basado en informaciones básicas e imágenes de satélite, es una alternativa eficiente y rápida, principalmente en cuencas con carencia de información, como las de tipo montañosa. Tal es el caso de la cuenca Puyo de la Amazonía ecuatoriana, dado el interés que genera el aumento creciente en ella de actividades antrópicas no planificadas, y la consiguiente contaminación. La metodología empleada combina métodos de la geoecología de los paisajes, geoquímica de las aguas y erosión hídrica potencial, y se apoya en herramientas SIG, para realizar el diagnóstico ambiental integrado de la cuenca. Los resultados advierten que existen unidades de paisaje catalogadas de altamente alteradas, localizadas en áreas que deben tener especial atención, dado que corresponden a zonas de montaña y con disminución de la calidad de las aguas, debido a la fuerte presión de las actividades antrópicas.
DEMAND AND SUPPLY PROJECTION OF CEREALS: CONSEQUENCE TO FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA AND NIGERIA
Authors: SADIQ Sanusi
Published: December 2021

The paper presents demand and supply projection of major cereals for the year 2030, 2040 and 2050 for both India and Nigeria and the implication on food security challenge. The demand projections were computed using simple growth rate model under the assumptions of 6, 7 and 8 per cent GDP growth rate representing low-, moderate- and high-income growth. Results indicated that in both India and Nigeria increase in income do not cause any significant increase in the demand for cereals. It is concluded that India would be a self-sufficient in rice, wheat and maize with deficit in sorghum for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. On the other hand, Nigeria would be plunging into a huge deficit in rice, wheat and a marginal surplus in maize and sorghum for the year 2030 with deteriorating deficits in the years 2040 and 2050 in rice, wheat, maize and sorghum respectively. In the study period, there would be surplus of cereals in the India with exception of sorghum; these prospects need to be strengthened and expand to sorghum through vigorous expansionary production programs as well ensure more availability, accessibility and affordability of cereal among poor families of India. For Nigeria to meet the future food requirements, the country shall have to either increase agricultural production, or depend on imports. As such, the paper suggests that the policy focus needs to be lunched, towards massive production, productivity enhancement in agriculture, through public investment in irrigation, credit facilities, research and extension.
Financial Management Process of Pesantren Nurul Muhibbin Tanah Laut
Authors: Khofi Muhammad , Amelia Noor , Karolina
Published: December 2021

Pesantren Nurul Muhibbin Tanah Laut, which is classified as a new Islamic boarding school, was founded in 2018, and as such, it requires significant input and assistance in resolving issues, particularly those relating to financial management and accounting information systems. If an error is made, not only social sanctions are imposed, but also legal sanctions; this must be a bright spot in the pesantren's financial management. This research employs a qualitative approach in the hope of identifying financial phenomena that can be used as material for joint evaluation. The study examines financial planning, implementation, supervision, and reporting phenomena. This financial process will be visualized as a flowchart in the hope that the relationship between the various components is obvious. Several of the findings in this study indicate that financial planning has been successful in terms of implementing a priority scale, deliberatively forming APBPP, and developing plans to strengthen pesantren financial management. The implementation process has not perfectly implemented the principle of accountability and generally continues to make ineffective cash payments, the supervisory process continues to violate the principles of organizational adjustment and responsibility, and the management accounting process and reporting continue to have numerous shortcomings, such as conventional accounting processes and the use of accrual accounting. The pesantren currently lacks a flow chart that adequately depicts the financial management process.
Design Manufacture of Fixture Fire Fighter Kit
Authors: Novarika Wirda , Arifin Fatahul , Satria Martomi Eka , Gunawan Indra , Perdana Fathur Raihan
Published: December 2021

Forest fires are one that needs attention in Indonesia. Due to spent a lot of money to solve this problem. One of the tools to solve this problem is fire fighter, so in case is need to make the fixture can manufacture the fire fighter kit.  In this study, we propose the fixture that can be produce the kit. It call fixture fire fighter kit. Autodesk inventor is applied in the simulation design and also it is considering with the ergonomic for the worker especially the Indonesian male. Finally, this tool can be resistant with load 50 kg, the deflection is 0.831 mm, and the maximum von misses stress is 34.12 MPa.
Optimizing Basement Construction Methods
Authors: Bao Nguyen Huu
Published: December 2021

The underground part of SSG TOWER includes 4 basements, 4 basements at a height of -13.2m. Combined with the construction of 3m deep foundation, therefore, the minimum excavation depth is required to -16.2m. Due to the construction work in residential area, relatively ground, with large excavation depth and geology of the interaction area (clay layer up to 30m), the options for using diaphragm wall with drilled piles Small area, Laser piles or solier piles to make retaining walls during construction do not have that feature, so the author chooses the option of using reinforced concrete barrette walls for retaining walls during construction and as tunnel walls for this project.
The semi-topdown construction method was chosen to ensure safety during construction because the excavation depth of the work is quite large and the geology of this area is quite weak. This measure completely solves the strut system because using the floor structure of the building to support this system has high stability. Limiting the influence of settlement, cracking, and slippage to neighboring works a lot. Fast construction but in return for high technical requirements, high construction costs. Choose diaphragm wall thickness of 1.0m, base depth of 46.6m including standard barrete panels.
 The author uses 2D Plaxis simulation to calculate ground stability, stress and displacement, moment, and shear force generated in diaphragm wall during basement construction. The author analyzes using the optimization algorithm to compare and find the suitable solution.
Anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. at five different ages
Authors: Gujar Makrand , Vishnu R. , Mandan Jyothi , Sekar I. , Anoop E.
Published: December 2021

Anthocephalus cadamba is an important tree species for pulp and paper industry. Anatomical studies were conducted between trees of different age viz., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were selected from different plantation. One plus tree from each age was felled for the study. The transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were collected from three different heights of tree representing base, middle and top positions. Anatomical properties like Fibre Length, Fibre Diameter, Fibre Lumen Width, Fibre Wall Thickness, Flexibility, Slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, Vessel Length, Vessel Diameter, Vessel Area, Vessel Frequency, Ray Height, Ray Width and Ray Frequency were studied. Present study revealed that the average Runkel ratio of Anthocephalus cadamba was 0.48; hence it is suitable for pulp and paper production. Fibre length at the ages of 6, 8 and 10 were at par. Fibre wall thickness were not significantly different at 2, 4, 6 and 8 age but 10 years of age fibre wall thickness differed significantly from other five different ages. Fibre diameter, fibre lumen width and slenderness were at par for all the five ages. Flexibility was at par in the ages of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Best practice of harvesting Anthocephalus cadamba would be at the age of six. Ray and vessel morphology did not show any specific trend from two to ten years old tree.
Rediscovery of a Presumably Extinct Species Syzygium beddomei (Duthie) Chithra (Mytraceae) after a lapse of 100 years from Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve,Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rajakumar T.J.S. , Selvakumari R. , Murugesan S.
Published: December 2021

Syzygium beddomei (Duthie) Chithra (Myrtaceae) is a presumably extinct species, confined only to Tirunelveli district, was rediscovered after a centuary from other than type locality in Kanyakumari Forest division, Kanyakumari district, Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India.
Interesting plant records from Tamil Nadu
Authors: Balachandran N. , Dhatchanamoorthy N. , Rajendiran K.
Published: December 2021

Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl, Scleria stocksiana Boeck., Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry and Hedyotis membranacea Thwaites are being reported here as additions to the flora of Tamil Nadu.
Impact of Climate Change on Faunal and Floral Diversity in Different Geographical Regions of Punjab
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Dhaliwal R.K. , Singh Charan , Kaur Manmeet
Published: December 2021

The present study was carried in different geographical regions of Punjab with the aim to evaluate the impact of climate change on the faunal and floral diversity. A multistage random sampling design was followed to select the study area. Species richness, evenness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, Index of dominance, Similarity and dissimilarity index were calculated. Comparative performance of different species in different locations was studied in term of present and past status. The number of forest tree species in Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana and Bathinda did not show any change in forest tree species and remain same without any change in bio-diversity index. The number of fruit tree species has been increased comparatively in all three localities. The number of bird’s species has been decreased comparatively in all three localities due to change in climatic condition, whereas, incremental changes were recorded in number of individuals of animals, however number of species is remained unchanged. The number of wild species has been decreased comparatively in all three localities. Ecological indices revealed that diversity index, species richness and evenness index were increased in all three localities; however, Index of Dominance was reduced.
Huperzia kingdonwardiana and H. meghalaica (Lycopodiaceae), two new lycopods from North-East India and Myanmar
Authors: Fraser-Jenkins Christopher
Published: December 2021

An overlooked but spectacular species of Huperzia from higher altitude in North-East India and North Myanmar is distinguished by its very long, linear, strongly downward-deflexed, grey leaves, which then angle upwards in their apical halves. It is named here as Huperzia kingdonwardiana Fraser-Jenk., after one of its collectors, the remarkable British botanist and plantsman, Frank Kingdon Ward. It was firstbrought to notice by Fraser-Jenkins (2008) during the ongoing preparation of a checklist of pteridophytes of Arunachal Pradesh State, and was then identified by the present author as H. quasipolytrichoides (Hayata) Ching, in error, influenced by the poor illustration given for that species by Nessel (1939). Subsequently it was reidentified by the present author at BM under the present name in Jan. 2012, which he had first coined for it in 2002 on recognising it as a species previously unknown in India. It differs from H. quasipolytrichoides from Taiwan and East China in itsobviously longer, narrower leaves that arch upwards more strongly above the deflexed basal part of the leaf, and in its wider branches. A further previously unrecognised species from the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya State, North-East India, is described as H. meghalaica Fraser-Jenk., and is similar to a longer-leaved H. pulcherrima (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Pich.-Serm.
Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer (Fabaceae): A new record for Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kottaimuthu Ramalingam , Vasudevan N. , Saravanan A.
Published: December 2021

Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer is reported from Tamil Nadu for the first time. Detailed description, nomenclature and photographs are provided for easy identification and better understanding of the taxon.
Deus ouviu a voz do jovem: Estudo exegético de Gn 21,8-21
Authors: Mendonça Elcio Valmiro Sales de
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar exegeticamente o texto de Gn 21,8-21. O foco dessa pesquisa é estudar o contexto da narrativa em torno de Ismael e Hagar e a ação de Sara e Abraão em expulsar ambos por causa de herança. Para isso, eu utilizei o método Histórico-Crítico, mais especificamente, a Crítica da Forma para a análise exegética. Como resultado, percebi que o texto mostra como Javé olhou para Ismael e Hagar, mesmo diante da ação de Abraão e Sara em enviar os dois para morrerem no deserto. É marcante o verbo “ouvir”, Deus ouviu o choro do menino.
Terra: revelação e dádiva (Êxodo 6,2-8)
Authors: Zabatiero Júlio Paulo Tavares Mantovani
Published: December 2021

O artigo versa sobre o cuidado da terra como expressão de uma nova visão da propriedade e posse dos bens. A partir da busca por outros mundos possíveis, apresenta uma exegese de Êxodo 6,2-8 que destaca os seus temas principais: a revelação de YHWH e a libertação dos israelitas para uma nova e digna vida na terra dada por YHWH a seu povo. Sua hipótese básica é que a perícope manifesta a voz do campesinato judaíta no processo de reorganização de Judá sob o período da dominação persa e na consequente composição da forma normativa do Pentateuco (Torá). Sua inspiração hermenêutica vem da leitura popular da Bíblia e sua metodologia exegética se assemelha à chamada Crítica da Redação, com ênfase para o papel da memória sociocultural na composição de textos.
Editorial. Dossiê: Cuidar da Terra
Authors: Perondi Ildo , Catenassi Fabrizio Zandonadi
Published: December 2021

Editorial, v. 37, n. 144 (2021).
The Power of Words in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar: An Insight into Analyzing Julius Caesar from the Perspective of the Logical Fallacies
Authors: Shehabat Abdullah K. , Bany-Khair Baker , Qararah Mohammad , Al-Shara Zaydun
Published: December 2021

This research aims at utilizing the knowledge of logical fallacies in analyzing Shakespeare’s masterpiece Julius Caesar. Spotting these fallacies in the characters’ actions and speeches is more likely to expand our horizon by grasping what is hidden between the lines and beyond the surface dialogue, thus revealing the true intentions of the characters and the subliminal messages beyond what they say. To achieve this goal, an explanation for each fallacy is provided. Also, various examples of fallacies committed by Donald Trump in the American presidential debate in addition to some of his fallacious tweets and other examples are thoroughly analyzed. It is found that by providing meticulous analysis for the fallacies under question readers would be protected from being victimized to any ambiguous and/or language literary interpretation.
Forecast of weather parameters using time series data
Authors: SHUKLA A.K. , GARDE Y.A. , JAIN INA
Published: December 2021

The present study is undertaken to develop area specific weather forecasting models based on time series data for Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The study was carried out by using time series secondary monthly weather data of 27 years (from 1981-82 to 2007-08). The trend analysis of weather parameters was done by Mann-Kendall test statistics. The methodologies adopted to forecast weather parameters were the winter’s exponential smoothing model and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). Comparative study has been carried out by using forecast error percentage and mean square error. The study showed that knowledge of this trend is likely to be helpful in planning and production of enterprises/crops. The study of forecast models revealed that SARIMA model is the most efficient model for forecasting of monthly maximum temperature, monthly minimum temperature and monthly humidity I. The Winter’s model was found to be the most efficient model for forecasting Monthly Humidity II but no model was found to be appropriate to forecast monthly total rainfall.
Erroneous Word-Stress Patterns Used by EFL Yemeni Learners
Authors: Abdulrahman Asmaa Adel , L Ramamoorthy
Published: December 2021

This experimental study aims at investigating the English word-stress patterns used by Yemenis, learning English as a foreign language, and the erroneous stress patterns used by them. Accent or stress is a feature of high significance in English speech. At the level of a word, one syllable gets accentuated with primary stress.  To achieve the purpose of this study, and to find out to what extent word stress of Received Pronunciation English poses difficulty on Yemeni Arabic speakers using English as a foreign language, 120 subjects of various scientific disciplines, were chosen for data collection. They were recorded and their utterances went through deep analysis based on the auditory impression of the researcher and on the spectrographic evidence resulting from the speech analysis of the software program PRAAT. The most significant findings reached by the researcher were that word-stress in the four-syllable target words were the most problematic for the speakers in which 53.2% of them put the stress, randomly, on the wrong syllables in words. Three-syllable target words appeared to be less problematic as 44.4% of the participants placed the stress inaccurately in words. The least difficulties encountered by the speakers were with the two-syllable target words where 70.6% of the speakers managed to pronounce the words with correct stress placement. It is noteworthy to mention that there was a tendency among the speakers who produced wrong stress patterns, to accent either the first syllable or the one including a long vowel or a diphthong in the words.
Effects Of Remote Myofascial Release Of Sub-Occipital Region In Asymptomatic Individuals With Hamstrings Tightness
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Manzoor Tabassum , Riaz Saima , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ali Mehboob , Faiz Uzma
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to research the effect of performing Remote myofascial release of sub occipital region in asymptomatic individual with hamstring tightness. Keeping these muscles loose is important. If muscles have tightened up then muscles are working at less than 100 % of capacity and performance will be down as a result.
Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the effect of performing Remote myofascial release of sub occipital region in asymptomatic individual with hamstring tightness.
Methods: The study was a Quasi experimental trial and was conducted in Physiotherapy center for arthritis. 64participant in this research & divided into 2 Groups. (Group A was   treated with static Stretching exercises of hamstrings and Group B was treated with remote Myofascial release of sub occipital region and static Stretching exercises). For analysis we were used Knee Extension angle and Sit to reach test at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment in both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS.
Results: p value of within the group comparison for  knee extension angle and Sit to reach test score was significant i.e. <0.001.Mayofascial Release of sub occipital region and static stretch give us best result.IN group A Pre-treatment knee extension angle was 14.68 & post treatment 10.87 with mean difference 3.81 P <0.01.In Group B pre-treatment knee extension angle 14.78.& post-treatment   knee extension angle 13.75 with mean difference 11.03 & p<0.001 which concludes that remote myofascial release of sub-occipital region improve the flexibility of hamstring tightness.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that myofascial release of sub occipital region along with static stretching and static stretching alone, both are effective in improving flexibility in patients with hamstring tightness. However, myofascial release of sub occipital region along with static stretching is more effective than static stretching alone.
Effect of Zinc Supplement on Severity Of Acute Diarrhea Among Childern Under Five Years Of Age
Authors: Jabeen Shaista , Shafique Tanzeel , Basharat Shahnai , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Ali Muhammad , Saeed Mudasir , Choohan Numan
Published: December 2021

According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately four million children less than 5 years of age in Asia, Africa, and Latin America die annually from diarrhea; and 80% of these deaths occur in the first year of life. Objective: To see how a zinc supplement influences the severity of acute diarrhea in children under the age of five. Methods: In current study, we analyze the effect of zinc on diarrheal patients. Zinc was randomly assigned to diarrheal patients in different concentration 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. There were two groups in our study, treatment and control group. Results: The results are presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. In T1 (Treatment Group) number of Diarrhea patients < 1 Year of age were 16, 2-4 years of age were 45, 4-5 years of age and maximum no of patients in T1 < 2 year of age were 57. Number of male patients were 84 while female patients were 67 in T1.In T2 (Control Group) number of male patients were 92 while female patients were In T1 number of patients residing in urban area were 51 while rural were 100. In T2 number of urban were 69 while rural were 82.Number of patients stay in the hospital for one day were 67 ,15 for Four days and only 1 for seven days in T1. In T2 number of patients stay in the hospital for one day were 29, 17 for four days and only 6 for seven days. In T1 number of Patients with watery diarrhea were 87, Mucoid consistency of stool were 31,soft consistency of stool were 23 and formed consistency of stool were 9.In T2 watery diarrhea were 92,Mucoid consistency of stool were 25,soft consistency of stool were 31 and formed consistency of stool were 4. Frequency of stool significantly reduced (P<0.005) at 7th day of zinc treatment while consistency of stool was significantly improved (P<0.005) at day 3 and day 5 of zinc treatment. Children who received zinc supplements showed a marked improvement in all outcome measures, suggesting that this deficiency is amenable to correction by replacement.
Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Platelet Indices Of EDTA Samples
Authors: Naveed Muhammad Asif , Nawab Kashifa , Hamid Ambareen , Ashraf Sobia , Junaid Nada , Saleem Umera
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to find effect of storage time and temperature on platelet indices of samples taken in EDTA.

Methods:

In this study 100 samples without the specification of gender were included. CBC samples were taken in two EDTA vials from each patient. All the samples were separated in two groups. One sample group was stored at room temperature(RT) and other at 2-6°C. CBC was run on CBC analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 at 0 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours.

Results:

There was significantly increasing trend for MPV, PDW and P-LCRat RT and decreasing trend at 4°C when compared with 0 hours. PCT showed significant decreasing trend at 4°C with respect to 0 hours. Significant decrease in platelet count was observed after storage at room temperature as well as at 4°C.

Conclusion:

Although 4°C consider as optimal temperature to transport specimen for CBC but Platelet Indices values varies significantly in comparison to baseline when stored at 4oC and at room temperature. It seems prudent to conclude that if platelet pathology is the major drive for CBC test performance then specimen should be run without delay.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING E-COMMERCE CUSTOMER PURCHASE DECISION
Authors: Astuti Rini , Pulungan Delyana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of Promotion, Ease of Use and Trust on Purchase Decisions for Shopee E-Commerce Customers in Medan City. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population in this study were E-Commerce Shopee Customers in Medan City as many as 100 customers while the sample in this study used Nonprobability sampling or Saturated Sampling as many as 100 people. The data collection technique used in this study is a questionnaire/questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression Test, Hypothesis Testing (t Test and F Test), and Coefficient of Determination. Data processing in this study uses the support of the SPSS software program. The results of this study prove that partially Promotion (X1) has a significant effect on Purchase Decisions (Y), Partially Ease of Use (X2) has a significant effect on Purchase Decisions (Y), Partial Trust has a significant effect on Purchase Decisions (Y). And Simultaneously Promotion, Ease of Use and Trust have a positive and significant impact on Purchase Decisions for Shopee E-Commerce Customers in Medan City
PENDIDIKAN HUKUM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS
Authors: Abusyairi Khairy , Iskandar Iskandar
Published: December 2021

The Qur'an as a book of guidance, is full of verses that regulate the behavior and attitudes of the children of Adam. Not only in terms of the vertical relationship between humans and Allah SWT as the Creator, but also in the horizontal relationship between human beings with one another as fellow creatures. The verses of the Qur'an that regulate the vertical relationship between humans and Allah SWT are commonly referred to as verses of the law of worship. Meanwhile, the verses that regulate horizontal interaction between human beings are known as the legal verses of muamalah. Unfortunately, the legal verses in the Qur'an in general and in their entirety have not received adequate attention. This paper discusses verses related to law in the Qur'an and hadith. This discussion is explored with library studies. It is hoped that this paper can provide an overview of legal education from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadith.
Guided Scrambling As a Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Technique for Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial 2
Authors: V. Jeewa
Published: December 2021

Analogue Broadcast Transmitters are being replaced by Digital Transmitters based on standards using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). However, high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is limiting the performance of digital transmitters and several techniques have been proposed to mitigate it including amplitude clipping, coding, multiple signal representation techniques, selected mapping or partial transmit sequences. As a general rule, these techniques achieve PAPR reduction at the expense of an increase in transmitted signal power, an increase in BER, a higher loss in data rate, or an increase in computational complexity. Therefore, an alternative technique using Guided Scrambling is presented here.
Effect of Palm Oil Fiber (POF) to Strength Properties and Fracture Energy of Green Concrete
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad  , Cindy Wong Yean Theng  , Tim Ee Ching  , Noridah Mohamad  , Muhammad Afiq Tambichik  , Mohamad Zulhairi Mohd Bosro
Published: December 2021

The lack of research on concrete which utilizes Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and Palm Oil Fiber (POF) simultaneously in concrete was globally observed. To meet this gap, a study on green concrete consisting of POFA, RHA and RCA with added untreated POF as binders was conducted. The study focusses on the effect of varying percentages of untreated POF, ranging from 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%, to the strength properties and fracture energy of green concrete. The strength properties of green concrete were investigated by conducting the compression strength test and tensile strength test on forty-eight (48) cubes and cylinders at the curing age of 7 and 28 days. The tests show that the strength of green concrete decreases, as the percentage of POF increases. This was preceded by the establishment of an optimum percentage of POF at 0.25%. The fracture energy of the green concrete was determined by testing twelve numbers of notched beams with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm x 500mm under the three-point bending test. From the three-point bending test, the load-deflection profile for each specimen with different percentages of untreated POF was obtained. Three existing theoretical models, namely Hillerborg, Bazant and CEB models were used to measure the fracture energy of the green concrete with varying percentage of fiber. Results range from 37.94 N/m to 153.81 N/m was observed. The study also successfully established the reliability of Hillerborg’s model to fracture energy when models by Bazant and CEB surprisingly shows a decrease in fracture energy measurements with increase in fiber content.
Một giải pháp quản lý kết nối mật cho IPSec trên FPGA
Authors: Kỷ Phan Văn , Phúc La Hữu
Published: December 2021

Tóm tắt—IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) là bộ giao thức an toàn nhằm bảo vệlưu lượng dữ liệu qua mạng Internet. Mỗi kết nối mật trong mô hình triển khai IPSec có một bộ thuật toán, tham số bảo mật riêng. Để đảm bảo các kết nối mật hoạt động ổn định trong môi trường truyền tin với băng thông lớn, việc quản lý nhiều kết nối mật đồng thời trên thiết bị IPSec đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng. Do tính phức tạp của quá trình quản lý, thông thường vấn đề này được thực hiện bằng phần mềm trên hệđiều hành. Giải pháp này bị hạn chế do quá trình trao đổi dữ liệu giữavi mạch Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) và bộ vi xử lý. Trong bài viết này, nhóm tác giả đưa ra một giải pháp tổ chức, quản lý kết nối mật sau khi sử dụng giao thức Internet Key Exchange (IKE) để trao đổi khóa cho IPSec trên FPGA sử dụng ngôn ngữ mô tả phần cứng, nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu tốc độ cao với nhiều kết nối.Abstract—IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a secure protocol aiming to protect data traffic via the Internet. There is a separate set of algorithms and security parameters in each secure connection in the IPSec deployment model. In order to ensure stable connections in high-bandwidth environments, managing multiple secure connections simultaneously on IPSec devices holds a significant role. Due to the complexity of the management process, this is commonly done by software on the operating system. This solution is restricted due to data exchange between field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and microprocessor. In this article, a solution was proposed to organize and manage a confidential connection after using Internet Key Exchange (IKE) to exchange keys for IPSec directly using hardware description language on FPGA, aiming to meet high-speed requirements with many connections.
Impact of climate change on landslides in Slovenia in the mid-21st century
Authors: JEMEC AUFLIČ Mateja , BOKAL Gašper , KUMELJ Špela , MEDVED Anže , DOLINAR Mojca , JEŽ Jernej
Published: December 2021

Slovenia is affected by extreme and intense rainfall that triggers numerous landslides every year, resulting in significant human impact and damage to infrastructure. Previous studies on landslides have shown how rainfall patterns can influence landslide occurrence, while in this paper, we present one of the first study in Slovenia to examine the impact of climate change on landslides in the mid-21st century. To do this, we used the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 climate scenario and future climatology simulated by six climate models that differed from each other as much as possible while representing measured values of past climate variables as closely as possible. Based on baseline period (1981-2010) we showed the number of days with exceedance of rainfall thresholds and the area where landslides may occur more frequently in the projection period (2041-2070). We found that extreme rainfall events are likely to occur more frequent in the future, which may lead to a higher frequency of landslides in some areas.
Sedimentological and paleontological analysis of the Lower Jurassic part of the Zatrnik Formation on the Pokljuka plateau, Slovenia
Authors: GALE Luka , KUKOČ Duje , ROŽIČ Boštjan , VIDERVOL Anja
Published: December 2021

The uppermost Ladinian to Lower Jurassic Zatrnik Formation is the lithostratigraphic unit of the Mesozoic deeper marine Bled Basin. The uppermost part of the Zatrnik Formation and the transition into the overlying Ribnica Breccia was logged at the Zajamniki mountain pasture on the Pokljuka mountain plateau in the Julian Alps. The lowermost part the section belongs to the “classical” Zatrnik Formation and is dominated by beige micritic limestone and fine-grained calcarenite. Foraminifers Siphovalvulina, ?Everticyclammina, ?Mesoendothyra and ?Pseudopfenderina are present, indicating Early Jurassic age. The beige limestone is followed by light pink limestone of the uppermost Zatrnik Formation. Slumps are common in this interval, and crinoids are abundant. Alongside some species already present in beds lower in the succession, Meandrovoluta asiagoensis Fugagnoli & Rettori, Trocholina sp., Valvulinidae, small Textulariidae, Lagenida, and small ?Ophthalmidium also occur in this interval. Resedimented limestone predominates through the studied part of the Zatrnik Formation, indicating deposition on the slope or at the foot of the slope of the basin. The switch to crinoid-rich facies within the slumped interval of the Zatrnik Formation may reflect accelerated subsidence of the margins of the Julian Carbonate Platform in the Pliensbachian. The Zatrnik Formation is followed by the formation of the Pliensbachian (?) Ribnica Breccia. Impregnations of ferromanganese oxides, violet colour, and an increase in clay content are characteristic. The foraminiferal assemblage consists of Lenticulina, small elongated Lagenida, and epistominids. Individual beds of the Ribnica Breccia were deposited via debris flows. Enrichments in ferromanganese oxides point to slower sedimentation.
Geophysical investigations in the Radovna River Spring area (Julian Alps, NW Slovenia)
Authors: TORKAR Anja , ZAJC Marjana , ATANACKOV Jure , GOSAR Andrej , BRENČIČ Mihael
Published: December 2021

vodeAbstractThe Radovna River Valley is located in the north-western part of Slovenia in the Julian Alps, where there is an extensive intergranular aquifer whose depth to pre-Quaternary bedrock is unknown. Therefore, to obtain information about the depth of the valley and the geometry of the aquifer two geophysical methods were used in our study; ground penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic reflection method. The low-frequency GPR method has shown to be useful for determining the depth of the groundwater and the predominant groundwater recharge. Also, the high-resolution seismic method provided an insight about the morphology of the pre-Quaternary basement with the deepest point at 141 meters below surface. Measurements of hydrogeological parameters such as groundwater level and river discharge measurements were carried out in the study area. Both data analyses showed that groundwater level and river discharge are highly fluctuating and rapidly changing, indicating a well-permeable aquifer, implying that such an aquifer is extremely sensitive and vulnerable to extreme climate events. Both the geophysical methods and the hydrogeological information have provided important information about the morphology of the valley and the alluvial aquifer, as well as increasing the knowledge about the Radovna springs system, which will contribute very important information for future hydrogeological studies.
Prevalence of pesticides in Krško-Brežice polje aquifer
Authors: MALI Nina , KOROŠA Anja , URBANC Janko
Published: December 2021

Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.
Funcionalidad ecológica en plantaciones de eucalipto, en el Bosque Nacional Ipanema: cuál es la importancia de las plantaciones forestales en la restauración de áreas degradadas?
Authors: Lozano Deicy , Yaguana Celso
Published: December 2021

La funcionalidad ecológica en los bosques nativos y plantados está asociada con los procesos de diversidad de especies, diversidad funcional de especies, regeneración, ciclo de nutrientes, manejo y protección del suelo. En una plantación de eucalipto y Corymbia citriodora con aproximadamente 15 años de edad y tres áreas de restauración, se evaluo la composición y diversidad funcional de las especies así como los procesos ecológicos a través de indicadores de funcionalidad ecológica. Fueron instaladas tres transectos de 100 m2 en el area de estudio, donde se inventario los individuos mayores a 10 cm DAP. Se registro 14 especies, 11 géneros y nueve familias en el área de referencia. Las familias con mayor número de especies y mayor número de individuos fueron Myrtaceae, Meliaceae y Lauraceae que representan el sub-dosel. El índice de diversidad de Shannon H' fue de 1,34 indicando una diversidad media. A 15 años del establecimiento de la plantación de eucaliptos, presenta especies nativas en regeneración (11) en el sotobosque, donde el 95% de los individuos corresponden a especies no pioneras y el 27,3% son especies nativa del estado de São Paulo. Verificamos que la incidencia de luz, porcentaje de hojarasca y altura se destanca en la plantación de eucalipto frente a las otras areas evaluadas. Por lo tanto, las plantaciones forestales, a pesar de tener una vegetación homogénea, aportan varias características ecológicas, especialmente en la regulación del aire, el clima, protección del suelo y ciclo de nutrientes, demostrando su importancia en la restauración de un paisaje degradado.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT MONITORING PERKEMBANGAN PASIEN PASCA STROKE BERBASIS IoT (INTERNET of THINGS)
Authors: Selviana Selviana , Subito Mery , Fauzi Rizana , Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: December 2021

The design of this IoT (Internet of Things)-based post-stroke patient monitoring tool was built to monitor patient progress remotely. Flex sensor hardware was used to retrieve data from every movement of the patient's finger muscle strength, then processed by the NodeMCU ESP32 after that the data will be sent to the web server via the IoT platform using a local wireless network. The results of research on the development of post-stroke patients can be displayed to a web server in the form of a table plot of data values for the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger. The post-stroke patient monitoring system can be accessed on PC and Android devices. The results of the sample test from the device obtained the highest value of 3.26 MMT and the lowest value of 0.2 MMT so that the patient's finger muscle strength was declared unstable and frequent changes in muscle strength.
KONSERVASI ENERGI LISTRIK PADA BANGUNAN GEDUNG KANTOR BUPATI TOJO UNA-UNA
Authors: Tiro Jordan A. , Mukhlis Baso , Kali Agustinus , Mahmudi Irwan
Published: December 2021

Electrical energy has a very important role in the economic, industrial and social development of the community, this causes an increase in the demand for electrical energy in line with the increase in people's welfare, economic and industrial growth. On the other side, energy sources that are commonly used for power generation are increasingly expensive and limited in availability and cause environmental pollution. Based on these considerations, it is necessary to implement an energy management program to preserve energy resources and use energy effectively. Energy consumption intensity (ECI) is a term used to determine the amount of electrical energy consumption in a room. The calculation of the intensity of energy consumption carried out at the Tojo Una-una regent's office in Central Sulawesi consists of 3 buildings with 129 rooms, it was found that 7 rooms were categorized as quite efficient and wasteful.
PERPINDAHAN PANAS HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC DAN THERMOELEKTRIC GENERATOR DENGAN HOT MIRROR
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Mustofa Mustofa , Iskandar Iskandar , Idhan Andi , Rahman Yuli Asmi
Published: December 2021

Heat transfer is the transfer of energy from one area to another due to the temperature difference between these areas. Wasted heat energy can be converted into electricity using (TEG) between the hot and cold sides. If the temperature difference is more significant, the efficiency may increase along with the operating temperature of the TEG-type material. So in this study, the author will calculate the heat transfer that occurs in Photovoltaic (PV), Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), and Hot Mirrors by utilizing thermal energy light produced from Muxindo LED bulbs with 10 Watt, 15 Watt, and 20 Watt power. The results of this study indicate that by using 10, 15, and 20 Watt LED bulbs for free convection heat transfer, the power generated from each point increases because it passes through several obstacles from objects that experience a decrease in temperature to PV and TEG, with the characteristics of the displacement. The movement of molecules from the medium importance follows convection heat at every point of transfer in the intermediate substance. The most significant power generated from radiant heat transfer is about 0.1873 Watt. It occurs on the surface of the fresnel lens using a 20 Watt LED bulb with the characteristic that the radiation propagates in a straight line and does not require an intermediate medium to transfer heat from one substance to another. The most significant conduction heat transfer power, 0.2453 Watt, occurs in Fresnel Lens using a 20 Watt LED bulb with heat transfer characteristics in solid objects.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK UNTUK PENCAPAIAN EFISIENSI ENERGI DI KANTOR DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN TOJO UNA-UNA
Authors: Lambey Duldes S. , Amin Nurhani , Pirade Yulius S. , Santoso Rudi
Published: December 2021

Audit of Electrical Energy at the Regional House of Representatives of the Tojo Una-Una District is a comprehensive method in examining energy use in a building to find the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) and Energy Saving Opportunities (PHE) that can be obtained to reduce energy waste so that the consumption of electrical energy is more effective and efficient. The audit of Electrical Energy is carried out according to SNI 03-6196-2000 concerning Energy audit procedures in buildings and the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2012 concerning Savings Electricity Consumption. The results of the evaluation of the Energy Consumption Intensity Calculation conducted at the Office of the Regional House of Representatives of Tojo Una-Una District known that there are 16 rooms with the criteria for the Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) value, namely an office building with air conditioning has efficient enough 8 rooms, wasteful 3 rooms and based on office buildings without Air-conditioning is quite efficient in 3 rooms and wasteful in 2 rooms. The results of Energy Saving Opportunities (PHE) that have been identified by using air conditioning and energy-saving lamps, reducing hours of use without reducing the quality of service in the office can save electricity consumption of 2.339,5165 kWh/month or save electricity bill payments of IDR. 3.379.899,60/month.
ANALISIS KINERJA PMS REL 2 BAY TRAFO 6 MENGGUNAKAN THERMOVISION METHODE DI GARDU INDUK SUNYARAGI
Authors: Siswanto Agus , Alfian Reza , Subyanta Erfan
Published: December 2021

In an effort to provide reliable and efficient electrical energy, substations have an important role in regulating the demand for electric power loads and as a center for securing electrical power system components in a certain area. Frequent disturbances become a benchmark for an electric power system whether or not it is good or not in an effort to provide reliable and efficient energy. One of the maintenance measures is temperature measurement using thermal imagers, which is commonly referred to as thermovision measurement.Thermal imager is a tool that can be used for predictive maintenance activities to monitor the condition and performance of an equipment so that the possibility of equipment failure can be minimized. In October 2020, after thermovisiting transformer bay 6 at the Sunyaragi substation, it was discovered that there was a hotspot on the T-phase separation blade, causing heating of the blade, the above conditions can result in a decrease in PMS performance, with the worst condition if left alone can result in damage to the PMS blade and can also melt when the peak load is on the transformer 6. Under these conditions, maintenance is carried out by maintaining contact resistance, insulation resistance, and grounding resistance. The results of the analysis of contact resistance after maintenance show that the equipment is in good condition and still suitable for use, with a value of 7μΩ for the R phase, 6.5μΩ for the S phase, and 6.7μΩ for the T phase.