bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Double Redox Reaction of Metal–Organic Framework for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Deng Shenzhen , Xu Bingang , Zhao Jingxin , Kan Chi Wai , Liu Xinlong
Published: March 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show wide application as the cathode of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) in the future owning to their high porosity, diverse structures, abundant species, and controllable morphology. However, the low energy density and poor cycling stability hinder the feasibility in practical application. Herein, an innovative strategy of organic/inorganic double electroactive sites is proposed and demonstrated to obtain extra capacity and enhance the energy density in a manganese‐based metal–organic framework (Mn‐MOF‐74). Simultaneously, its energy storage mechanism is systematically investigated. Moreover, profiting from the coordination effect, the Mn‐MOF‐74 features with stable structure in ZnSO4 electrolyte. Therefore, the Zn/Mn‐MOF‐74 batteries exhibit a high energy density and superior cycling stability. This work aids in the future development of MOFs in AZIBs.
A facile strategy for preparing of cross‐linkable natural fibers based on a Schiff base reaction
Authors: Feng Yanhong , Liu Guangliang , Liang Yong , Lei Bo
Published: March 2024

The exploitation and utilization of natural fibers still face many challenges due to their high crystallinity and extensive hydrogen bond network. Therefore, sustainable and effective modification strategies are currently essential. In this work, we investigate the processing and mechanical performances of natural fibers modified by combining sodium periodate oxidation and subsequent Schiff base reaction. Steam‐exploded hemp fibers (HFs) were firstly oxidized with sodium periodate, and subsequently grafted with 1,10‐diaminodecane. A decrease in the glass transition temperature of oxidized‐aminated HFs (OAHFs) from 225 to 150°C was achieved as the dosage of periodate increased. Admirable mechanical properties were achieved despite a lower dosage of periodate due to melt bonding and chemical cross‐linking between the fibers during heat processing. Particularly, dynamic compression molding was applied to heat processes and effectively improved the melt bonding and the chemical crosslinking, which increased flexural strength from 58.2 to 69.9 MPa. This strategy was moderate and low cost. The resulted material has good processing performance and excellent mechanical properties, which have large industrial application prospects and potential in the field of biodegradable environment‐friendly materials.
The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D‐imaging technologies
Authors: Pusch Luisa C. , Kammerer Christian F. , Fröbisch Jörg
Published: March 2024

The origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the cynodont fossil record is the lengthy Permian ghost lineage between the latest possible divergence from its sister group Therocephalia and the first appearance of definitive cynodonts in the late Permian. The absence of cynodonts and dominance of therocephalians in middle Permian strata has led some workers to argue that cynodonts evolved from within therocephalians, rendering the latter paraphyletic, but more recent analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of Cynodontia and Therocephalia. Furthermore, although a fundamental dichotomy in the derived subclade Eucynodontia is well‐supported in cynodont phylogeny, the relationships of more stemward cynodonts from the late Permian and Early Triassic are unresolved. Here, we provide a re‐evaluation of the phylogeny of Eutheriodontia (Cynodontia + Therocephalia) and an assessment of character evolution within the group. Using computed tomographic data derived from extensive sampling of the earliest known (late Permian and Early Triassic) cynodonts and selected exemplars of therocephalians and later (Middle Triassic onwards) cynodonts, we describe novel aspects of the endocranial anatomy of these animals. These data were incorporated into a new phylogenetic data set including a comprehensive sample of early cynodonts. Our phylogenetic analyses support some results previously recovered by other authors, but recover therocephalians as paraphyletic with regards to cynodonts, with cynodonts and eutherocephalians forming a clade to the exclusion of the “basal therocephalian” families Lycosuchidae and Scylacosauridae. Though both conservatism and homoplasy mark the endocranial anatomy of early non‐mammalian cynodonts, we were able to identify several new endocranial synapomorphies for eutheriodont subclades and recovered generally better‐supported topologies than previous analyses using primarily external craniodental characters.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for aircraft against control surface failure diagnosed by set‐membership estimation
Authors: Liu Kai , An Shuaibin , Tang Wentao , Hou Linfei
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on the fault diagnosis method and the fault‐tolerant control method of the aircraft with control surface damage. The fault diagnosis method is based on the set‐membership estimation. To diagnose the fault of control surface under the condition of data containing noise and uncertainty, a multi‐index optimized fault residual observer based on sensitivity and robustness is designed for the observation of aircraft fault information. Based on the observed fault residual information, the set‐membership estimation theory is used to determine whether the aircraft control surface fault occurs. The fault‐tolerant control method is based on dynamic inverse control via aerodynamic parameter identification. Furthermore, to reduce the nonlinear effects of unmodeled dynamics and aerodynamic identification errors after a fault, an adaptive disturbance rejection observer is designed for control compensation. The proposed methods are evaluated by numerical simulation. Results demonstrate that the fault diagnosis method can effectively diagnose under the influence of uncertain noise and the attitude control has the robustness of different faults.
Metabolite profiling of Piper longum L. fruit volatiles by two‐dimensional gas chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Insights into the chemical complexity
Authors: Dash Manaswini , Singh Subhashree , Sahoo Suprava , Dutt Malvika , Kar Basudeba
Published: March 2024

Piper longum L. (long pepper) is an economically and industrially important medicinal plant. However, the characterization of its volatiles has only been analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In the present study, precise characterization of P. longum fruit volatiles has been performed for the first time through advanced two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). A total of 146 constituents accounting for 93.79% were identified, of which 30 were reported for the first time. All these constituents were classified into alcohols (4.5%), alkanes (8.9%), alkenes (6.71%), esters (6.15%), ketones (0.58%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.64%), oxygenated monoterpenes (2.24%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (49.61%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (13.03%), phenylpropanoid (0.23%), and diterpenes (0.2%). Among all the classes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were abundant, with germacrene‐D (2.87% ± 0.01%) as the major one, followed by 8‐heptadecene (2.69% ± 0.03%), β‐caryophyllene (2.43% ± 0.03%), n‐heptadecane (2.4% ± 0.04%), n‐pentadecane (2.11% ± 0.05%), and so forth. Further, 20 constituents were observed to be coeluted and separated precisely in the two‐dimensional column. The investigation provides an extensive metabolite profiling of P. longum fruit volatiles, which could be helpful to improve its therapeutic potential.
Insight into the Improvement Strategies of Aqueous Electrolyte for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Cai Xinxin , Hu Zhiyu , Deng Wentao , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo , Zou Guoqiang
Published: March 2024

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have attracted wide attention due to their rich resources, environmental friendliness, and safety. The high ionic conductivity, safety and interfacial wettability of the aqueous electrolyte are essential for energy storage devices. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of the aqueous electrolyte and the side reactions of the electrode/electrolyte lead to the low energy density of the ARBs. In the past studies, the above problems were generally solved by improving the ion transport characteristics of the electrolyte and the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we discuss the background, limitations, and key concepts for performance improvement of aqueous electrolytes, aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective and inspiration for further research on aqueous electrolytes and promote their development and application in the field of energy storage.
Male psychologists and female mathematicians: Gender beliefs and undergraduate degree choices
Authors: Pownall Madeleine , Heflick Nathan
Published: March 2024

Globally, men and women are numerically dominant in undergraduate degrees in math and psychology, respectively. A variety of theoretical perspectives predict that individuals who adhere more to gender stereotypes will be more represented in gender‐dominant fields. Using a pre‐registered methodology, we recruited men and women enrolled in psychology and math degree programmes in the United Kingdom and assessed a variety of gender beliefs and identities. Overall, femininity was (marginally) higher in psychology, and higher amongst women generally. Moderated regression analyses revealed that women who were low in masculinity and high in femininity (the stereotypical pattern) were most likely to be in psychology degrees, whilst women who were low in both were most likely to be enrolled onto math programmes. For men, no component of gender identity or beliefs predicted degree programmes. Overall, these results demonstrate how dimensions of gender identity may account for gender differences in undergraduate representation. Specifically, women in STEM fields tend to not describe themselves in stereotypical masculine or feminine traits. We discuss implications for efforts to increase uptake of gender stereotype incongruent career paths (e.g., women in STEM) with a particular focus on how femininity may be rejected in counter‐stereotypical domains.
Four New Isocoumarins from the Mangrove Fungus Alternaria Malorum with Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Fan Wei , Tao Yiwen , Jiang Canmin , Huang Qisen , Li Jiacong , Ding Weijia , Li Chunyuan
Published: March 2024

Four new isocoumarins, alternariethers A–C (1–3) and alternariester (4) were separated from the fermentation of the fungus Alternaria malorum FL39, purified from Myoporum bontioides. Their structures were ascertained using NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopy. For compound 4, the absolute configuration was solved with the help of ECD calculation and the DP4+ method. Compared with the positive control triadimefon, compound 1 showed more potent antifungal effects on Colletotrichum musae. The antifungal effects of compounds 1, 2, and 3 on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum, of compound 4 on F. oxysporum, were equal to those of triadimefon. Except for compound 4 which was inactive against Escherichia coli with O78 serotype, all compounds showed moderate or weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli with O6 or O78 serotype.
Characterization of two bacteriophages specific to Acinetobacter baumannii and their effects on catheters biofilm
Authors: Erol Hilal Basak , Kaskatepe Banu , Yildiz Sulhiye , Altanlar Nurten , Bayrakdar Fatma
Published: March 2024

Multidrug‐resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii cause major nosocomial infections. Bacteriophages that are specific to the bacterial species and destroy bacteria can be effectively used for treatment. In this study, we characterized lytic bacteriophages specific to A. baumannii strains. We isolated lytic bacteriophages from environmental water samples and then investigated their morphology, host range, growth characteristics, stability, genome analysis, and biofilm destruction on the catheter surface. Our results showed that the efficacy of the phages varied between 32% and 78%, tested on 78 isolates of A. baumannii; 80 phages were isolated, and two lytic bacteriophages, vB_AbaP_HB01 (henceforth called C2 phage) and vB_AbaM_HB02 (henceforth called K3 phage), were selected for characterization. Electron microscopy scans revealed that the C2 and K3 phages were members of the Podoviridae and Myoviridae families, respectively. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed that the sequence of the C2 phage is available in the NCBI database (accession number: OP917929.1), and it was found sequence identity with Acinetobacter phage AB1 18%, the K3 phage DNA sequence is closely related to Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaM_phiAbaA1 (94% similarity). The cocktail of C2 and K3 phages demonstrated a promising decrease in the bacterial cell counts of the biofilm after 4 h. Under a scanning electron microscope, the cocktail treatment destructed the biofilm on the catheter. We propose that the phage cocktail could be a strong alternative to antibiotics to control the A. baumannii biofilm in catheter infections.
Delayed death of a child from chlorfenapyr poisoning: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhan Yishan , Li Jing , Zhu Yourong , Tao Qiang , Zhang Shouhua
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

This was the first article reported a fatal case of chlorfenapyr poisoning in a child, and the typical symptoms before death include high fever, severe sweating, coma, and limb stiffness, and elevation of myocardial enzymes and myoglobin; neurological symptoms tend to appear earlier in children than in adults.
Experimental study on dimensional variations of 3D printed dental models based on printing orientation
Authors: Perlea Paula , Stefanescu Cosmin , Dalaban Madalina‐Georgiana , Petre Alexandru‐Eugen
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

This research investigates the trueness and precision of 3D printing technology in dental applications, specifically focusing on dimensional variations observed in models printed at different angles. The methodology involved importing a dental model into slicing software, adjusting its orientation, and implementing support structures for stability. Subsequently, the model underwent 3D printing five times for each orientation using appropriate equipment and underwent post‐processing steps, including cleaning, washing, and UV‐light post‐curing. The printed models were then scanned using a specialized desktop scanner for further analysis. Accuracy assessment was carried out using dedicated software, employing an algorithm for precise alignment by comparing the scanned files. Color deviation maps were utilized to visually represent variations, aiming to evaluate how positioning during printing influences the trueness and precision of 3D‐printed dental models. Trueness and precision analyses involved the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and a one‐way ANOVA to compare means of three independent groups, with statistical analyses conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The color maps derived from 3D comparisons revealed positive and negative deviations, represented by distinct colors. Comparative results indicated that models positioned at 0° exhibited the least dimensional deviation, whereas those at 90° showed the highest. Regarding precision, models printed at 0° demonstrated the highest reproducibility, while those at 15° exhibited the lowest. Based on the desired level of precision, it is recommended that printed models be produced at an inclination angle of 0°.
Socialane, a Nonaprenyl Terpene Hydrocarbon Surface Lipid from the Collembola Hypogastrura socialis
Authors: Möllerke Anton , Montes Vidal Diogo , Petter Leinaas Hans , Schulz Stefan
Published: March 2024

Springtails use unique compounds for their outermost epicuticular wax layer, often of terpenoid origin. We report here the structure and synthesis of socialane, the major cuticular constituent of the Collembola Hypogastrura socialis. Socialane is also the first regular nonaprenyl terpene with a cyclic head group. The saturated side chain has seven stereogenic centers, making the determination of the configuration difficult. We describe here the identification of socialane and a synthetic approach using the building blocks farnesol and phytol, enantioselective hydrogenation, and α‐alkylation of sulfones for the synthesis of various stereoisomers. NMR experiments showed the presence of an anti‐configuration of the methyl groups closest to the benzene ring and that the other methyl groups of the polyprenyl side‐chain are not uniformly configured. Furthermore, socialane is structurally different from [6+2]‐terpene viaticene of the closely related H. viatica, showing species specificity of the epicuticular lipids of this genus and hinting at a possible role of surface lipids in the communication of these gregarious arthropods.
Spiro‐Acridine Compound as a Pteridine Reductase 1 Inhibitor: in silico Target Fishing and in vitro Studies
Authors: de Oliveira Viana Jéssika , Sena Mendes Marina , Santos Castilho Marcelo , Olímpio de Moura Ricardo , Guimarães Barbosa Euzébio
Published: March 2024

Among the many neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis ranks second in mortality rate and prevalence. In a previous study, acridine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antileishmanial activity against L. chagasi. The most active compound identified in that study (1) showed a single digit IC50 value against the parasite (1.10 μg/mL), but its macromolecular target remained unknown. Aiming to overcome this limitation, this work exploited inverse virtual screening to identify compound 1’s putative molecular mechanism of action. In vitro assays confirmed that compound 1 binds to Leishmania chagasi pteridine reductase 1 (LcPTR1), with moderate affinity (Kd=33,1 μM), according to differential scanning fluorimetry assay. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the stability of LcPTR1‐compound 1 complex, supporting a competitive mechanism of action. Therefore, the workflow presented in this work successfully identified PTR1 as a macromolecular target for compound 1, allowing the designing of novel potent antileishmanial compounds.
Transforming data‐intensive workflows: A cutting‐edge multi‐layer security and quality aware security framework
Authors: Aljohani Maha
Published: March 2024

The data‐intensive workflow application executes tasks on edge servers and cloud platforms in a heterogeneous big‐data computing environment. Cloud and edge servers are vulnerable to node attacks and malicious links due to their wireless connections. Thus, detecting and mitigating rogue nodes in edge server communication environments during workflow execution is crucial. In today's workflow execution landscape, there is a rising emphasis on resolving Quality of Service (QoS) and security concerns within homogeneous execution settings. Workflow execution on diverse computing platforms has received limited research. We are developing an edge‐cloud‐specific Multi‐Layer Security and Quality‐Aware (MLSQA) framework to solve research issues in this area. Node attacks are detected via reputation‐based security features in the MLSQA framework, whereas link attacks are detected using machine learning. A unique trade‐off metrics technique optimizes workflow security and QoS parameters, reducing energy usage and makespan. In addition, a fault‐tolerant, energy‐efficient job offloading technique is described in detail to improve the system's resilience to errors. The experiment is conducted using complex (i.e., memory and CPU intensive) scientific procedures with intermediate job dependencies, namely Inspiral workflow. The MLSQA framework excels in threat detection, demonstrating lower false alarms, reduced energy consumption, and quicker implementation than the recent secure workflow execution architecture.
Early experiences on the OLCF Frontier system with AthenaPK and Parthenon‐Hydro
Authors: Holmen John K. , Grete Philipp , Melesse Vergara Verónica G.
Published: March 2024

The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has been preparing the nation's first exascale system, Frontier, for production and end users. Frontier is based on HPE Cray's new EX architecture and Slingshot interconnect and features 74 cabinets of optimized 3rd Gen AMD EPYC CPUs for HPC and AI and AMD Instinct 250X accelerators. As a part of this preparation, “real‐world” user codes have been selected to help assess the functionality, performance, and usability of the system. This article describes early experiences using the system in collaboration with the Hamburg Observatory for two selected codes, which have since been adopted in the OLCF test harness. Experiences discussed include efforts to resolve performance variability and per‐cycle slowdowns. Results are shown for a performance portable astrophysical magnetohydronamics code, AthenaPK, and a mini‐application stressing the core functionality of a performance portable block‐structured adaptive mesh refinement framework, Parthenon‐Hydro. These results show good scaling characteristics to the full system. At the largest scale, the Parthenon‐Hydro miniapp reaches a total of zone‐cycles/s on 9216 nodes (73,728 logical GPUs) at 92% weak scaling parallel efficiency (starting from a single node using a second‐order, finite‐volume method).
Tweaking the Non–Volatile Write–Once–Read–Many–Times (WORM) Memory using Donor‐Acceptor Architecture with Isatin as Core Acceptor
Authors: Ardra Murali , Gayathri Ramesh , Swetha Senthilkumar V. , Mohamed Imran Pradhanekar , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: March 2024

Organic memory devices have attracted attention because they promise flexible electronics, low manufacturing costs, and compatibility with large–scale integration. A series of new D−A architectures were synthesized employing different donor groups and the isatin moiety as the acceptor through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. Strong intramolecular interactions were observed in the synthesized compounds, further corroborated by an optimal bandgap. The SEM investigation confirmed good molecular ordering and superior thin film surface coverage. All the compounds demonstrated notable binary Write–Once–Read–Many–Times (WORM) memory behaviour. The threshold switching voltage for these D−A systems ranged from −0.79 to −2.37 V, with the compound having isobutyl substituent showing the lowest threshold voltage and maximum ON/OFF ratio of 102, thus outperforming others. The combined effects of charge transfer and charge trapping are responsible for the resistive switching mechanism prevailing in these systems. The alterations in D−A molecules that affect molecular packing, thin film morphology, and, finally, the memory performance of the active layer are highlighted in this work.
Deciphering chemoresistance in osteosarcoma: Unveiling regulatory mechanisms and function through the lens of noncoding RNA
Authors: Chen Hefen , Gong Zhujun , Zhou Hong , Han Yong
Published: March 2024

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor and is prevalent in children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. It has the characteristics of high invasion and metastasis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment for OS. However, the efficacy of OS is considerably diminished by chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are hot topics in the field of chemotherapy resistance research. Several studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs are substantially associated with chemoresistance in OS. Thus, the present study overviews the abnormally expressed ncRNAs in OS and the molecular mechanisms involved in chemoresistance, with an emphasis on their function in promoting or inhibiting chemoresistance. ncRNAs are expected to become potential therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance and predictive biomarkers in OS, which are of great significance for enhancing the therapeutic effect and improving the prognosis.
Environmental factors influencing red knot (Calidris canutus islandica) departure times of relocation flights within the non‐breeding period
Authors: Gobbens Evy , Beardsworth Christine E. , Dekinga Anne , ten Horn Job , Toledo Sivan , Nathan Ran , Bijleveld Allert I.
Published: March 2024

Deciding when to depart on long‐distance, sometimes global, movements can be especially important for flying species. Adverse weather conditions can affect energetic flight costs and navigational ability. While departure timings and conditions have been well‐studied for migratory flights to and from the breeding range, few studies have focussed on flights within the non‐breeding season. Yet in some cases, overwintering ranges can be large enough that ecological barriers, and a lack of resting sites en route, may resist movement, especially in unfavorable environmental conditions. Understanding the conditions that will enable or prohibit flights within an overwintering range is particularly relevant in light of climate change, whereby increases in extreme weather events may reduce the connectivity of sites. We tracked 495 (n = 251 in 2019; n = 244 in 2020) overwintering red knots (Calidris canutus islandica) in the Dutch Wadden Sea and investigated how many departed towards the UK (on westward relocation flights), which requires flying over the North Sea. For those that departed, we used a resource selection model to determine the effect of environmental conditions on the timing of relocation flights. Specifically, we investigated the effects of wind, rain, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, and migratory timing relative to sunset and tidal cycle, which have all been shown to be crucial to migratory departure conditions. Approximately 37% (2019) and 36% (2020) of tagged red knots departed on westward relocation flights, indicating differences between individuals' space use within the overwintering range. Red knots selected for departures between 1 and 2.5 h after sunset, approximately 4 h before high tide, with tailwinds and little cloud cover. However, rainfall and changes in atmospheric pressure appear unimportant. Our study reveals environmental conditions that are important for relocation flights across an ecological barrier, indicating potential consequences of climate change on connectivity.
Prognostic mortality factors in advanced light chain cardiac amyloidosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zaroui Amira , Kharoubi Mounira , Gounot Romain , Oghina Silvia , Degoutte Charlotte , Bezard Melanie , Galat Arnault , Guendouz Soulef , Roulin Louise , Audard Vincent , Leroy Vincent , Teiger Emmanuel , Poullot Elsa , Molinier‐Frenkel Valérie , Le Bras Fabien , Belhadj Karim , Bastard Jean‐Philippe , Fellahi Soraya , Shourick Jason , Lemonier Francois , Damy Thibaud
Published: March 2024

Aims

Predicting mortality in severe AL cardiac amyloidosis is challenging due to elevated biomarker levels and limited thresholds for stratifying severe cardiac damage.

Methods and results

This prospective, observational, cohort study included de novo, confirmed cardiac AL amyloidosis patients at the Henri Mondor National Reference Centre. The goal was to identify predictors of mortality to enhance prognostic stratification and improve informed decision‐making regarding therapy. Over the 12‐year study period, among the 233 patients included, 133 were NYHA III‐IV and 179 Mayo 2004 III. The independent predictors for mortality identified were hsTnT, NT‐proBNP, cardiac output, and conjugated bilirubin. A novel prognostic, conditional stratification, Mondor amyloidosis cardiac staging (MACS) was developed with biomarker cut‐off values for Stage 1: hsTnT ≤ 107 ng/L and NT‐proBNP ≤ 3867 ng/L (n = 77; 33%); for stage 2 NT‐proBNP > 3867 ng/L (n = 72; 30%). For stage 3, if troponin >107 ng/L, regardless of NT‐proBNP then CB 4 μmol/L, was added (n = 41; 17.5%) and stage 4: CB > 4 μmol/L (n = 43; 18.5%). The median overall survival was 8 months 95% CI [2–24]. At 1 year, 102 (44%) patients died and the Kaplan–Meier median survival with MACS Stage 1 was not reached, while stage 2 was 15.2 months (95% CI [11–18]) and stage 3, 6.6 months (95% CI [1–13]). Notably, among European stage II patients, 17.1%, n = 8 were MACS stage 3 and European stage IIIb 21.4% (n = 23) were MACS stage 4. Importantly, among European stage IIIb patients 42.2% (n = 29) were classified MACS stage 4 and 12.5% n = 9 were only MACS stage 2.

Conclusions

The Mondor prognostic staging system, including conjugate bilirubin may significantly improve prognostic stratification for patients with severe cardiac amyloidosis.
Blood pressure and intensive treatment up‐titration after acute heart failure hospitalization: Insights from the STRONG‐HF trial
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Vilamajó Oscar Alberto Gomez , Meiriño Alejandro , Dumont Carlos Alberto , Mebazaa Alexandre , Davison Beth , Adamo Marianna , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Biegus Jan , Celutkiene Jelena , Čerlinskaitė‐Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Damasceno Albertino , Diaz Rafael , Edwards Christopher , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Novosadova Maria , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Saidu Hadiza , Sliwa Karen , Takagi Koji , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tomasoni Daniela , Voors Adriaan A. , Cotter Gad , Metra Marco
Published: March 2024

Aims

A high‐intensity care (HIC) strategy with rapid guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) up‐titration and close follow‐up visits improved outcomes, compared to usual care (UC), in patients recently hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). Hypotension is a major limitation to GDMT implementation. We aimed to assess the impact of baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the effects of HIC versus UC and the role of early SBP changes in STRONG‐HF.

Methods and results

A total of 1075 patients hospitalized for AHF with SBP ≥100 mmHg were included in STRONG‐HF. For the purpose of this post‐hoc analysis, patients were stratified by tertiles of baseline SBP (<118, 118–128, and ≥129 mmHg) and, in the HIC arm, by tertiles of changes in SBP from the values measured before discharge to those measured at 1 week after discharge (≥2 mmHg increase, ≤7 mmHg decrease to <2 mmHg increase, and ≥8 mmHg decrease). The primary endpoint was 180‐day heart failure rehospitalization or death. The effect of HIC versus UC on the primary endpoint was independent of baseline SBP evaluated as tertiles (pinteraction = 0.77) or as a continuous variable (pinteraction = 0.91). In the HIC arm, patients with increased, stable and decreased SBP at 1 week reached 83.5%, 76.2% and 75.3% of target doses of GDMT at day 90. The risk of the primary endpoint was not significantly different between patients with different SBP changes at 1 week (adjusted p = 0.46).

Conclusions

In STRONG‐HF, the benefits of HIC versus UC were independent of baseline SBP. Rapid GDMT up‐titration was performed also in patients with an early SBP drop, resulting in similar 180‐day outcome as compared to patients with stable or increased SBP.
Direct Diels‐Alder Reaction of Biomass‐Derived Furfurol with Maleimides in a Bio‐Based Green Solvent
Authors: Skolia Elpida , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: March 2024

Environmental concern has motivated an inclination to exploit waste and upgrade it into high‐added‐value chemicals. Biomass is an excellent carbon source that provides a variety of raw materials as building blocks, such as furans. Herein, we report the upcycling of furfurol, a known biomass by‐product, through a Diels‐Alder cycloaddition with maleimides that is performed in a green bio‐derived solvent, 2‐MeTHF. We provide two alternative sets of reaction conditions to promote exo or endo selectivity, which depends on the temperature employed. A variety of products were obtained in 70–96 % yield and high exo selectivity at 80 °C, while a 30 : 70‐45 : 55 exo/endo ratio was produced at room temperature. A large‐scale reaction was also performed.
A review of hydrogen production and storage materials for efficient integrated hydrogen energy systems
Authors: Alasali Feras , Abuashour Mohammed I. , Hammad Waleed , Almomani Derar , Obeidat Amr M. , Holderbaum William
Published: March 2024

The rapidly growing global need for environmentally friendly energy solutions has inspired extensive research and development efforts aimed at harnessing the potential of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen, with its diverse applications and relatively straightforward acquisition, is viewed as a promising energy carrier capable of tackling pressing issues, such as carbon emissions reduction and energy storage. This study conducts a preliminary investigation into effective hydrogen generation and storage systems, encompassing methods like water electrolysis, biomass reforming, and solar‐driven processes. Specifically, the study focuses on assessing the potential of nanostructured catalysts and innovative materials to enhance the productivity and versatility of hydrogen energy systems. Additionally, the utilization of novel materials not only improves hydrogen storage capacity and safety but also opens up possibilities for inventive applications, including on‐demand release and efficient transportation. Furthermore, critical factors such as catalyst design, material engineering, system integration, and technoeconomic viability are examined to identify challenges and chart paths for future advancements. The research emphasizes the importance of fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to advance hydrogen energy technologies and contribute to a sustainable energy future.
Numerical investigation of flow boiling behavior in a vertical tube of a shell‐and‐tube phase change heat storage unit
Authors: Zheng Xun , Yu Minghao , Xie Junyu , Gao Hongtao
Published: March 2024

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) demonstrate significant potential as latent heat storage systems for direct steam generation. This investigation explores the heat transfer dynamics of an upward‐flowing heat transfer fluid (HTF) boiling within a vertical tube, concurrently examining the solidification process of PCM outside the tube. A two‐dimensional model of a shell and tube heat storage device is established for this purpose. The simulation employs the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model coupled with the Lee model to simulate HTF boiling inside the tube. Concurrently, the enthalpy‐porosity model is utilized to analyze the PCM solidification process. The findings reveal that PCM solidification and heat discharge are influenced by the temperature and thermal conductivity of the HTF, leading to uneven solidified PCM thickness along the tube's length over time. Additionally, variations in tube length, inlet velocity, and inlet temperature impact both the vapor quality of HTF and the thickness of solidified PCM. Tube length correlates with boiling time, affecting the accumulation of steam quality throughout the coupling process. Inlet velocity dictates the heat transfer of HTF with PCM within a limited distance, and insufficient heat exchange resulting in the cessation of HTF boiling. Inlet temperature determines the appropriate device size, lower inlet temperatures necessitate longer tubes to extend the heat charging duration until boiling initiation.
Exploration of novel phenyl mercury tetrazole‐thione complexes: Characterization and investigating the impact of diamine ligands on enhanced hydrogen storage
Authors: Hameed Anwar A. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Al‐Jibori Subhi A. , Alheety Mustafa A. , Singh Pramod K.
Published: March 2024

Ten mixed‐ligand phenyl mercury(II) complexes containing 1‐methyl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐thiol (HmtzS) (1) and phosphine or amine ligands. These complexes fall into two groups: [PhHg(mtzS){Ph2P(CH2)PPh2}]2 (2) and [PhHg(mtzS){Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2}] (3‐6), where n varies, and [PhHg(mtzS)(diamine)] (8‐10), with diamine choices being 2,2′‐bipyridyl (Bipy, 8), 1,10‐phenathroline (Phen, 9), or ethylenediamine (en, 10). These complexes were synthesized with moderate to high yields and characterized using various techniques. Characterization data revealed that the mtzS− ligand coordinates as a monodentate ligand through the thiolate sulfur atom in all complexes, adopting a tetrahedral geometry around the Hg(II) center. Furthermore, complexes [PhHg(mtzS)] (1) and its diamine derivatives (8‐10) were assessed for hydrogen storage at 77 K using the VTI method. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of diamines improves hydrogen storage capacity at low pressure. The precursor stored (1) 2.3 wt.% at 80 bar, while the other complexes showed storage capacities ranging from 2.9 to 3.86 wt.% at pressures of 45‐60 bar. Thermodynamic properties of the [PhHg(mtzS)(Bipy)] complex was calculated at three different temperatures. The results prove that the entropy was equal to 0.50543599 J/mol H2. K while the enthalpy equal to 0.0942638 KJ/(mol H2).
Vine copula‐based scenario tree generation approaches for portfolio optimization
Authors: He Xiaolei , Zhang Weiguo
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an efficient heuristic to generate multi‐stage scenario trees for portfolio selection problems. In the case of two or more risky assets, investors need to account for the complex multivariate dependence among different assets. The dependence patterns have shown not only asymmetric and fat tails but also time‐varying, and the upper and lower tails have different effect on portfolio management. In this paper, we design a new scenario generation method by combining the GARCH‐type model and vine copula model to properly reflect these complex dependence patterns in multiple assets in a flexible way. A multi‐stage scenario tree is generated sequentially from this model by simultaneously utilizing the simulation and clustering methods. The scenarios' nodal probabilities are determined by solving an improved moment matching model, whose objective is to maintain the central moments and lower tails of the original distribution. The resulting scenario trees are then tested on a multi‐stage portfolio selection model. The experimental results prove the efficiency and advantages of our proposed scenario generation method over other existing models or methods and the positive influence of moment matching on our method.
Advances in resources, biosynthesis pathway, bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacology of ochnaflavone
Authors: Lin Shiye , Ganesan Abirami Ramu , Vargas‐De‐La‐Cruz Celia , Ortiz‐Viedma Jaime , Xiao Jianbo
Published: March 2024

Ochnaflavone is a naturally occurring biflavonoid mainly isolated from Ochna integerrima, manifests health benefits encompassing antidiabetic, anticancer, anti‐cardiovascular, and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, most bioactivity research has focused on in vitro experiments, rather than in vivo disease models, toxicological assessments, and human clinical trials. Moreover, a comprehensive review of the pharmacological aspects of ochnaflavone is conspicuously lacking. Thus, this review provides a concise and comprehensive summary of existing knowledge on the chemical structure, plant origin, physical properties, biotransformations, and multifaceted biological activities of ochnaflavone along with an in‐depth exploration of the complex molecular mechanisms behind these activities, including signaling pathways and gene expression regulation, with the aim of promoting future theoretical needs for ochnaflavone in clinical trials and providing comprehensive insights into the research and application of this valuable natural compound.
Perceived nutrition needs of people experiencing disadvantage in utilizing support services: An Australian case study
Authors: Vaiciurgis Verena T. , Clancy Annabel K. , O'Reilly Grace , Beck Eleanor J.
Published: March 2024

Individuals experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage face higher rates of food insecurity and health disparities. This study explored the perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of individuals providing nutrition services, and users of these services, to identify nutrition needs and inform potential strategies for addressing diet‐related health inequities. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted utilizing a phenomenological approach to explore lived experiences, beliefs, and perceptions influencing nutrition‐related health. Key themes were derived by consensus among researchers using inductive thematic analysis. Twenty‐two interviews were completed, which identified five themes. “Budgetary Constraints” was found to have a pervasive impact on all nutrition‐related services. Secondly, diverse “Individual Clientele” was found to influence three overlapping themes pertaining to opportunities and limitations for “Knowledge and Skills,” “Services, Resources and Staff,” and the “Systems and Food Environment.” Budgets directly impact the availability of services, resources, food provision, sustainability, and educational opportunities for staff, volunteers and service users. A live‐in environment offers a platform to implement and evaluate targeted interventions to inform and enhance nutrition‐related support services. Future interventions should address individual and systemic influences, prioritizing client‐informed, cost‐effective, sustainable capacity building for clients and staff. Recommendations for systemic and environmental influences include formalized staff training, peer‐mentoring systems, and increasing client autonomy. This has the potential to improve food security for residents following their transition into independent living. Charitable system limitations underscore the need for broader systemic change, informed policymaking, and government intervention to effectively address the root causes of food insecurity and diet‐related health inequities.
Mode‐based morphometry: A multiscale approach to mapping human neuroanatomy
Authors: Cao Trang , Pang James C. , Segal Ashlea , Chen Yu‐Chi , Aquino Kevin M. , Breakspear Michael , Fornito Alex
Published: March 2024

Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and surface‐based morphometry (SBM) are two widely used neuroimaging techniques for investigating brain anatomy. These techniques rely on statistical inferences at individual points (voxels or vertices), clusters of points, or a priori regions‐of‐interest. They are powerful tools for describing brain anatomy, but offer little insights into the generative processes that shape a particular set of findings. Moreover, they are restricted to a single spatial resolution scale, precluding the opportunity to distinguish anatomical variations that are expressed across multiple scales. Drawing on concepts from classical physics, here we develop an approach, called mode‐based morphometry (MBM), that can describe any empirical map of anatomical variations in terms of the fundamental, resonant modes—eigenmodes—of brain anatomy, each tied to a specific spatial scale. Hence, MBM naturally yields a multiscale characterization of the empirical map, affording new opportunities for investigating the spatial frequency content of neuroanatomical variability. Using simulated and empirical data, we show that the validity and reliability of MBM are either comparable or superior to classical vertex‐based SBM for capturing differences in cortical thickness maps between two experimental groups. Our approach thus offers a robust, accurate, and informative method for characterizing empirical maps of neuroanatomical variability that can be directly linked to a generative physical process.
External beam radiation therapy for recurrent or residual thyroid cancer: What is the best treatment time and the best candidate for long‐term local disease control?
Authors: Cavalcante Lara Bessa Campelo Pinheiro , Treistman Natalia , Gonzalez Fabiola Maria Teresa Torres , Fernandes Pollyanna Iemini Weyll , Alves Junior Paulo Alonso Garcia , Andrade Fernanda Accioly , Ferreira Elisa Napolitano , Brito Tarcisio Fontenele De , Pane Attilio , Corbo Rossana , Erlich Felipe , Bulzico Daniel Alves , Vaisman Fernanda
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Cervical disease control might be challenging in advanced thyroid cancer (DTC). Indications for cervical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are controversial.

Purpose

To identify clinical and molecular factors associated with control of cervical disease with EBRT.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation and molecular analysis of the primary tumor DTC patients who underwent cervical EBRT between 1995 and 2022 was performed.

Results

Eighty adults, median age of 61 years, were included. T4 disease was present in 43.7%, lymph node involvement in 42.5%, and distant metastasis in 47.5%. Those with cervical progression were older (62.5 vs. 57.3, p = 0.04) with more nodes affected (12.1 vs. 2.8, p = 0.04) and had EBRT performed later following surgery (76.6 vs. 64 months, p = 0.05). EBRT associated with multikinase inhibitors showed longer overall survival than EBRT alone (64.3 vs. 37.9, p = 0.018) and better local disease control. Performing EBRT before radioiodine (RAI) was associated with longer cervical progression‐free survival (CPFS) than was RAI before (67.5 vs. 34.5, p < 0.01). EBRT ≥2 years after surgery was associated with worse CPFS (4.9 vs. 34, p = 0.04). The most common molecular alterations were ERBB2, BRAF, FAT1, RET and ROS1 and TERT mutation was predictive of worse disease control after EBRT (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Younger patients, with fewer affected nodes and treated earlier after surgery had better cervical disease control. Combination of EBRT with MKI improved OS. TERT mutation might indicate worse responders to EBRT; however, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of molecular testing in selecting candidates for cervical EBRT.
A Fluorogenic Substrate for Quinoline Reduction: Pnictogen‐Bonding Catalysis in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Renno Giacomo , Zhang Qing‐Xia , Frontera Antonio , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: March 2024

It is often said that pnictogen‐bonding catalysis, and σ‐hole catalysis in general, would not work in aqueous systems because the solvent would interfere as an overcompetitive pnictogen‐bond acceptor. In this study, we show that the transfer of pnictogen‐bonding catalysis from hydrophobic solvents to aqueous systems is possible by replacing only hydrophobic with hydrophilic substrates, without changing catalyst or reaction. This differs from conventional covalent Lewis acid catalysts, which are instantaneously destroyed by ligand exchange. With their water‐proof substituents in place of exchangeable ligands, pnictogen‐bonding catalysts, the supramolecular counterpart of Lewis acid catalysts, are evinced to catalyze transfer hydrogenation of quinolines in neutral aqueous systems. To secure these results, we introduce a water‐soluble fluorogenic substrate that releases a coumarin upon the reduction of quinolines instead of activated quinolidiniums, and stiborane catalysts with deepened σ holes. They demonstrate that pnictogen‐bonding catalysts can operate in higher‐order architectures for supramolecular systems catalysis under biologically relevant conditions, and provide an operational assay for high‐throughput catalyst screening by fluorescence imaging, in situ under relevant aqueous conditions.