bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out of the lab and into the field: Applications of PlantCV for analyzing field-based images of aboveground and belowground perennial crop tissues
Authors: Woeltjen Stella , Fahlgren Noah , Gehan Malia , Gunn Shayla , Schuhl Haley , Srivastava Dhiraj , Hanlon Molly , Topp Chris , Baxter Ivan , Miller Allison
Published: October 2023

Advances in automated image analysis using open-source computer vision
tools, such as PlantCV, have greatly increased the throughput of
aboveground phenotyping in a variety of crop species. However, PlantCV
was largely optimized to analyze images collected under controlled
laboratory conditions, and has seldom been used to analyze images
collected under field conditions. Further, there are no known
applications of PlantCV for analyzing images collected belowground, such
as those obtained from minirhizotron imaging devices. In this study, we
demonstrated applications of PlantCV for extracting plant trait
information from aboveground and belowground images collected in two
perennial crop mapping populations. The first population was composed of
nearly 1,200 individuals of a potential perennial oilseed crop
(Silphium Integrifolium x Perfoliatum ), and the second
population was composed of nearly 1,700 individuals of a perennial cover
crop (Trifolium ambiguum , Kura Clover). We designed and used a
field-based imaging cart to collect overhead and profile images of
individuals from both populations in August and October, which improved
the efficiency of field-based image capture. Around the time of
aboveground image collection, belowground images of root networks were
collected using minirhizotron imaging devices. We then assessed the
application of PlantCV for measuring aboveground traits (crop canopy
area, height, leaf color and growth rates) and belowground traits (root
length and growth rates), and we explored future directions of PlantCV
for field-based image analysis of aboveground and belowground crop
tissues.
Impact of Nanoplastic Contamination on Rhizosphere Microbiome and Plant Phenotype
Authors: Feiler Henrique Petry , Norato Sara , Zhang Leilei , Lucini Luigi , Yang Yang , Oh Sungchan , Hogland Lori
Published: October 2023

Nanoplastic (NP) is an organic contaminant that is widespread in soil,
water, and food. However, the effects of NP are not well understood,
especially in the context of the rhizosphere-roots-microbiome interface
and how they can impact both plants and the soil microbiome. Our
hypothesis is that the presence of NP in the soil will lead to distinct
changes in the root microbiome and result in a unique phenotype in the
plant. To investigate this, we conducted an experiment in which two
crops, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-tom) and lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L. cv Canasta), were planted in three different
soil conditions: a control group with no NP (zero-NP) and two
experimental groups with NP concentrations of 25 and 250
mg.kg. The experiment took place over a 41-day
period at Purdue’s Ag Alumni Seed Phenotyping Facility. During this
time, manual plant measurements and red-green-blue (RGB) and
hyperspectral imaging were performed on 17 different dates. After the
41-day growth period, the plants were harvested and weighed, soil from
pots and subject to various enzymatic assays to quantifying difference
in elemental cycling potential, and DNA was extracted from both the bulk
soil and the rhizosphere+roots. The 16S and ITS rRNA genes were then
amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq Illumina technology and subject
to various bioinformatic programs to quantify differences in composition
and functional potential. This study aims to provide insights into how
NP affects the rhizosphere, plants, and the associated microbiome, and
the results may shed light on the environmental implications of NP
contamination.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES – AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRI
Authors: Trębska Joanna
Published: October 2023

The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of income circulation processes in the economies of the European Union. The empirical study is based on statistical data compiled according to ESA2010 standards, published by the European Commission in the Eurostat database. The fundamental quantitative relationships between entities grouped into institutional sectors have been synthetically presented in the form of a social accounting matrix (SAM). The analyses of simple macroeconomic indicators show the growing importance of the government sector due to the pandemic. This is evidenced by the growing involvement of this sector in consumption, accumulation and income redistribution between institutional sectors.Simulation analyses based on the SAM model determine to what extent the contribution of the government sector to GDP results directly through feedback loops from final demand and to what extent from current and capital transfers.
Drivers of GDP growth: Evidence from selected European countries
Authors: Jesic Milutin
Published: October 2023

This empirical study analyses the potential determinants of GDP growth in
selected European countries using data for 19 countries from Central,
Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe for the period 2014 to 2020. The influence
of possible drivers of economic growth are investigated by employing dynamic
panel data modelling, specifically the system GMM method. The study?s
findings reveal that fiscal responsibility, initial development, the
inflation rate, and EU membership are the main GDP growth drivers. In
addition, we control for the institutional determinants of economic growth
and the role of R&D. These results provide further support for the
hypothesis that macroeconomic policies conducted in a responsible and
sustainable way can significantly improve countries? growth perspectives.
These findings may help us to understand that the trinity of policies,
institutions, and technology is a conditio sine qua non of economic growth.
Auditor Communication Provisions in Private Loan Agreements: Do They Matter?
Authors: Cheng Lin , Jaggi Jacob , Michas Paul N. , Schatzberg Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

We examine auditor communication provisions (ACPs) in private loan agreements, which are private contracting mechanisms establishing communication between lenders and their borrowers’ auditors. We provide evidence that lenders value auditor communications and often specify different types of ACPs that facilitate lender monitoring. With predictable variation across the different ACP types, ACPs are associated with larger loans, longer maturities, larger loan syndicates, more financial covenants, and greater slack in financial covenants. In examining audit effort implications for borrowers, we find that ACPs are associated with higher audit fees and longer audit report lags. This is consistent with auditors responding to the litigation risk ACPs impose. In samples where the risk of third-party litigation is greater, the association between ACPs and audit effort proxies is heightened, suggesting the increased litigation risk brought about by ACPs interacts with other audit client-specific risk factors.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M42; D82; G21; G30; K40.
Extraction vs nonextraction orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elias Karim Gamal , Sivamurthy Gautham , Bearn David R.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To compare four first premolar extraction and nonextraction treatment effects on intra-arch width, profile, treatment duration, occlusal outcomes, smile aesthetics and stability.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search of the literature to June 2, 2023 was conducted using health science databases, with additional search of gray literature, unpublished material, and hand searching, for studies reporting nonsurgical patients with fixed appliances regarding sixteen sub-outcomes. Data extraction used customized forms, quality assessed with ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions) and Cochrane RoB 2 (risk-of-bias) tool. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessed certainty of evidence.

Results

Thirty (29 retrospective studies, 1 randomized controlled trial) studies were included. Random-effect meta-analysis (95% CI) demonstrated maxillary (MD: −2.03 mm; [−2.97, −1.09]; P < .0001) and mandibular inter-first molar width decrease (MD: −2.00 mm; [−2.71, −1.30]; P < .00001) with four first premolar extraction; mandibular intercanine width increase (MD: 0.68 mm; [0.36, 0.99]; P < .0001) and shorter treatment duration (MD: 0.36 years; [0.10, 0.62]; P = .007) in the nonextraction group. Narrative synthesis included three and five studies for upper and lower lip-E plane, respectively. For American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System and maxillary/mandibular anterior alignment (Little’s irregularity index), each included two studies with inconclusive evidence. There were no eligible studies for UK Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score. Class I subgroup/sensitivity analyses favored the same results. Prediction interval indicated no significant difference for all outcomes.

Conclusions

Four first premolar extraction results in maxillary and mandibular inter-first molar width decrease and retraction of upper/lower lips. Nonextraction treatment results in mandibular intercanine width increase and shorter treatment duration. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding maxillary intercanine width, US PAR score, and posttreatment smile esthetics. Further high-quality focused research is recommended.
Evaluation of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area micromachining
Authors: Franz Daniel , Yang Yongting , Michel Luis , Esen Cemal , Hellmann Ralf
Published: October 2023

We report for the first time on the realization, characterization and application of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area 2D and 3D laser micromachining with 6 articulated axes. To characterize the dynamic positioning of the laser beam during and after axes movement, CMOS image sensors were integrated into the beam path. A method introduced for the alignment of the optical axes allows a reduction of the deviations in laser beam positioning to less than 141.8 ± 92.9 μm within a 110° rotation range of axis 4. In addition, a high laser beam positioning repeatability of less than 102.2 μm is demonstrated over a total period of 14 h for a movement of axis 5 within a range of 0° to 90°. Initial laser cutting, laser structuring and laser marking applications on automotive dashboards and glass substrates are presented for flexible and large area 2D and 3D manufacturing. By applying a special laser cutting strategy for processing AF 32 eco thin glass, high cutting quality is achieved with a taper of up to 96.3% without the generation of cracks, demonstrating the innovative potential of the high-precision laser robot system. Nonetheless, different identified inherent influences of each axis 1–5 during robot axis movement demand for an innovative beam stabilization concept to achieve high precision in laser beam positioning.
The Use of Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) As A Measure and Solution of Anti-Piracy
Authors: Afriansyah Arie , Hartoyo Yoga Muhammad Adhiwiratama
Published: October 2023

The sea route is one of the best options chosen by national and international traders because of lower cost when we compare it to using air freight and the increasing use of merchant ships for international trade, makes people take advantages such as sea piracy and armed robbery and a solution to protect from these things commercial vessels use the services of the Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) and the Private Maritime Security Company (PMSC). The absence of international regulations regarding the use of these services raises pros and cons between coastal states and with special policies in particular regarding the territorial sea of ​​a coastal state. Thus, there is a big question that the use of PCASP and PMSC is in accordance with international law with existing regulations and how Indonesia as a coastal state sees the use of such services as a solution to avoid piracy. The formation of soft laws and agreements is a way out at this time in order to maintain maritime security from the dangers of sea piracy and armed robberies.
The modified syntax of inquiry social complexity learning model to increase critical and creative thinking skills in reading
Authors:   English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Alfiantho Arri , Sinaga Tuntun ,   English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung
Published: October 2023

One of the fundamental abilities students should possess in the 21st century is the capability to cultivate their interests, talents, and potential to enhance their critical and creative thinking abilities. The goals of this study involve assessing whether there is a notable improvement in students' critical and creative thinking skills in the context of reading when utilizing the inquiry social complexity learning model. Additionally, the study aims to identify the specific aspects of critical and creative thinking skills that exert the most significant influence. This study was carried out at SMA Bina Mulya, with a single class serving as the sample, comprising 30 students. A quantitative approach was employed for data collection, involving both pre-tests and post-tests. The collected quantitative data were subjected to analysis using Paired Sample T-tests. The results of the analysis indicated a noteworthy improvement in students' average scores, rising from 63.17 to 79.83, with a two-tailed significance value of 0.000, which is less than the predetermined alpha level of 0.05. This suggests that the implementation of the inquiry social complexity learning model effectively enhanced students' critical and creative thinking skills in the context of reading. Furthermore, it was observed that the aspect of analysis played the most influential role in critical and creative thinking skills, with students selecting 106 correct answers. These findings collectively indicate a positive increase in students' critical and creative thinking skills following instruction through the inquiry social complexity learning model.
Penerapan Model Predict Observe Explain (POE) Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Kelas VII
Authors: Amaliah Lutpia , Ayatusa'adah Ayatusa'adah , Lestariningsih Nanik
Published: October 2023

Pembelajaran IPA di SMPS Waladun Sholeh Pelaihari belum mampu melatih kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan belum pernah dilaukan pengukuran terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterterapan model Predict-observe-explain (POE) pada materi pencemaran lingkungan dan mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas VII SMPS Waladun Sholeh Pelaihari pada materi pencemaran lingkungan setelah diterapkan model Predict Observe Explain (POE). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif desain penelitiannya menggunakan one group pretes postes. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes keterampilan berpikir kritis dan lembar observasi keterterapan pembelajaran. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik sampel jenuh dengan jumlah peserta didik sebanyak 7 orang. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Di peroleh hasil bahwa terdapat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan menggunakan N-gain untuk mata pelajaran biologi dimana rata-rata nilai yang diperoleh setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) adalah 87,38 dengan nilai baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Keterlaksanaan penerapan model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain (POE) pada Pencemaran lingkungan kelas VII SMPS Waladun Sholeh Pelaihari telah terlaksana dengan baik dengan persentase sebesar 84,09. Keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik termasuk dalam kriteria baik dilihat dari analisis pencapaian sub indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain (POE) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan peserta didik kelas VII SMPS Waladun Sholeh Pelaihari.
ASSESING THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT OF 2022: UNRAVELING THE PUTIN DOCTRINE IN THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Authors:   Sakarya University, Turkey, TERKULOVA Rinata
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This article aims to build upon the existing neoclassical realist analysis of Russia’s foreign policy in Ukraine during 2022. By introducing a comprehensive analytical framework grounded in neoclassical realism, it seeks to delve into the influence of specific developments and priorities within Russia on its foreign policy conduct towards Ukraine. Contrary to the commonly perceived image of a more assertive and aggressive Russia, recent trends in both foreign and domestic policy reveal an internally conflicted, introspective, and reactive Russia, demonstrating its lack of preparedness to embrace an evolving international role. Through this analysis, it becomes apparent that Putin’s uncertainty in effectively addressing the multifaceted challenges and inevitable tensions, whether of domestic or international nature, emerges as a direct consequence of Russian mismanagement in handling foreign policy matters related to Ukraine. Unraveling the complexities and contradictions shaping Russia’s actions in the region, this article provides deep insights into the dynamics governing the Ukrainian crisis and its wider implications for global geopolitics. Keywords: Russian foreign policy, conflict management, the Ukrainian crisis, Putin, neoclassical realism
Patinaje de velocidad y alteraciones posturales en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Hidrobo Juan Fernando , González González Horacio Aquiles , Yar Bolaños Paul Jhonatan
Published: October 2023

Contexto: La postura corporal tiene una gran importancia para la salud, ya que influye en la disposición y las funciones de los sistemas y órganos internos. También es un factor que afecta la estabilidad y el equilibrio; especialmente en los deportistas, desde edades tempranas.
Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones posturales en niños y adolescentes que practican patinaje de velocidad en un club de patinaje de Quito.
Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, observacional, transversal y cuantitativa. La muestra se conformó por 59 patinadores, miembros del Club Deportivo Especializado Formativo “Legionarios Skates”, durante el segundo semestre de 2022, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Después de obtener las autorizaciones pertinentes se realizaron mediciones antropométricas como parte del test postural estandarizado por el Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando el software libre Jamovi v2.3.26. 
Resultados: El 25,4% de los patinadores eran de sexo masculino, la edad promedio fue (?: 10,4 años; DE: 3,01 años. El 30,5% presentó al menos una alteración postural. El 34% presentó dos. El 18,3% presentó tres. El 6,8% tuvo cuatro y el 5,1% tuvo hasta cinco alteraciones posturales. Solamente el 5,1% de los deportistas se encontró con una postura correcta. Las alteraciones de cabeza y hombros adelantados fueron el hallazgo más frecuente (37%). 
Conclusión: Las alteraciones posturales entre los niños y adolescentes que practican patinaje de velocidad son frecuentes. Mediante la posturometría es posible identificarlas para su posterior corrección, de forma temprana, sin la necesidad de realizar estudios de imágenes.
 PALABRAS CLAVE: posturología, equilibrio postural, patinaje, medicina deportiva [DeCS]
Perfil antropométrico, composición corporal y somatotipo en jugadoras de fútbol bandera
Authors: López García Ricardo , Lagunes Carrasco José Omar , Carranza García Luis Enrique , Navarro Orocio Ricardo , Ramírez Nava Ruben
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil antropométrico, composición corporal y somatotipo en jugadoras de fútbol bandera. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un total de 18 jugadoras (21.24 ± 1.39 años de edad) pertenecientes a un equipo universitario de México. Se hicieron mediciones bajo protocolo ISAK para caracterizar el perfil antropométrico y somatotipo. La composición corporal fue medida con la DEXA. Los principales hallazgos de este estudio mostraron un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de normopeso, estatura de 169.97 cm, porcentaje de grasa de 22.73 % estimado mediante antropometría y 28.46% con DEXA, masa libre de grasa de 45.18 kg, masa muscular, 38.78 %, por último, un somatotipo mesomorfo-endomórfico. Se concluye que las jugadoras presentan baja estatura con respecto a algunos deportes colectivos, además, mostraron niveles de porcentaje de grasa moderada, y adquirieron un somatotipo de un moderado desarrollo muscular.
Influencer Agencies: The Institutionalization of the Digital Attention Economy
Authors: Guld Ádám
Published: October 2023

In Lippmann’s media interpretation, attention plays a central role. Already at the beginning of the 20thcentury, the author realizes that to understand the operational characteristics of mass media, it is essential to learn about the nature of consumer attention. Lippmann was one of the first researchers to discover that without examining attention, we cannot understand the patterns of persuasion or political, social, and cultural influence, and the peculiarities of media economy. Thus, in his workPublic Opinion, published in 1922, he devoted a distinct chapter, entitledTime and Attention, to this topic. Lippmann’s legacy lives on with us in this sense as well. With the advent of digital media, new possibilities for exploiting attention appeared, and tracking the characteristics and changes of these is also of great importance in contemporary media research. The following study focuses on the institutionalization of the digital attention economy, and within it deals with influencer agencies as the newest segment of the media and cultural industry.
Reconsidering Arabic Roots for the Tertia Via
Authors: van Lit Cornelis
Published: October 2023

This paper reopens the debate on the possibility that Aquinas borrowed his tertia via from a Latin translation of Maimonides ‘Guide for the Perplexed’. After introducing the text of the tertia via, I shall analyze the first part and conclude that while a ‘metaphysical’, tenseless reading is correct, we should not be nervous to call Aquinas’s reasoning for what it is: flawed. Framing the problematic passage in its historical context, I shall then argue that the flaw lies not so much with Aquinas, but with the source he was borrowing from. This is Maimonides’ Dalālat al-ḥāʾirīn (“The Guide for the Perplexed”), and in fact more specifically the blame is to be given to an early translator into Latin.
A New Approach to Detecting and Preventing Populations Stagnation Through Dynamic Changes in Multi-Population-Based Algorithms
Authors: Łapa Krystian , Rutkowska Danuta , Byrski Aleksander , Napoli Christian
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a new mechanism for detecting population stagnation based on the analysis of the local improvement of the evaluation function and the infinite impulse response filter is proposed. The purpose of this mechanism is to improve the population stagnation detection capability for various optimization scenarios, and thus to improve multi-population-based algorithms (MPBAs) performance. In addition, various other approaches have been proposed to eliminate stagnation, including approaches aimed at both improving performance and reducing the complexity of the algorithms. The developed methods were tested, among the others, for various migration topologies and various MPBAs, including the MNIA algorithm, which allows the use of many different base algorithms and thus eliminates the need to select the population-based algorithm for a given simulation problem. The simulations were performed for typical benchmark functions and control problems. The obtained results confirm the validity of the developed method.
The Kara Sea as an object of international legal policy of Russia
Authors: Mincheva N. A.
Published: October 2023

INRTODUCTION. Of all the Arctic seas going into the coast of Siberia, the Kara Sea is conspicuous because of delineation by islands from the rest of the Arctic Ocean. These islands are undisputedly under the sovereignty of Russia from the time immemorial. Such peculiarities have predetermined the character of the power of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russia relevant to the Cara Sea. In 2022 seven western States-Members of the Arctic Council introduced their disagreements with Russia relating to the non-Arctic issue, thus breaking the traditional “immunity” of the Arctic from political and legal conflicts in other regions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The author researched the legal documents of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation along with the research publications relating to the status of the Kara Sea. The methodological basis of the research methods as well as specific methods of jurisprudence are used.

RESEARCH RESULTS. In the period of the Russian Empire the international law advisor to the Head of the Russian State asserted only the possibility to qualify the Kara Sea as internal waters of Russia. However, in the period of the Soviet Union the soviet legal scholars unanimously qualified the Kara Sea as part of the state territory of the USSR. However, at the official level no relevant legal act was adopted. In 1985 the Decree of the Government of the USSR was adopted according to which for the first time in the history the previous doctrinal position was dismissed and most of the Kara Sea was qualified as the waters beyond the state’s maritime territory.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In the author’s opinion, the 1985 the Decree of the Government of the USSR have consequences in the context of general international law, that is it is impossible for the modern Russia to return back to the soviet legal position as formulated by the soviet legal teachings. However, the 2022 breaking by the seven western Arctic states the traditional Arctic “immunity” from the non-Arctic conflicts (as noted above) has made legitimate the responsive measures of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. In this context Russia is entitled to respond by strengthening its regulatory measures in the Kara Sea. The relevant research views regarding such measures are suggested in this article.
Legal Frontier in the Regulation of Cross-Border Public Relations
Authors: Nefedov B. I.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION. When it comes to regulating cross-border relations, the rules of law of a given state, foreign national laws and international legal norms are/may all be applicable. In their entirety, these norms form a sort of buffer zone between existing legal systems, i.e. create a legal phenomenon that can be called a legal frontier. It is within the framework of this frontier that numerous legal phenomena occur, with the very concept of their existence in recent years being either challenged or blatantly denied.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The provisions of international treaties, the national legislation of Russia and other states, as well as numerous works of Russian and foreign researchers were used as materials for this study. The study relies on the general scientific and special methods as its methodological foundation.

RESEARCH RESULTS. The study found that foreign laws do not coincide, applying them to regulate crossborder relations leads to cases where relations of the same category are managed differently even within a single state. All known sources of law serve as the generators of norms that govern cross-border relations, which is not the case for either domestic or international interstate relations. Additionally, new sources of international legal norms have emerged and their objective is to regulate cross-border public relations not specified in Art. 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The article states that significant changes in the theory of general international law (as well as in the general theory of law) are caused by the emergence of self-executing international legal norms designed to regulate cross-border social relations specifically.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author comes to the conclusion that the emergence of self-executing international legal norms required a change in the very definition of international law, admitting the impossibility of the existence of any universal theory of the relationship between international and national law, as well as specifying the nature of the object and subject of an international treaty. The use of self-executing international legal norms as regulators of crossborder public relations does not transform these relations into international interstate relations and does not turn their subjects into subjects of international law. These relations remain as cross-border relations, and their subjects have an exclusively cross-border legal standing, regardless of which legal system norm was responsible for regulating them.
Evolution of the Syrian Peace Process and the Position of the “Key” States Regarding the Syria’s Return to the Arab Fold
Authors: Rustamova L. R.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The Syrian conflict remains one of the most acute unresolved conflicts of our time. Its internationalization, the active intervention of foreign states, especially the United States and Turkey in the dynamics of the conflict and their military presence on Syrian territory, remain obstacles to the settlement. However, the spring of 2023 was marked by a number of political events in the Middle East, which allow us to take a fresh look at the prospects for the Syrian peace process. Against the backdrop of increasing Israeli strikes against Syria, a serious strengthening of Iran's position and cross-border se­curity threats spreading from Syria in the face of de­teriorating socio-economic indicators in Syria due to Western sanctions, the leading Arab countries began to reconsider their relations with earlier rejected by them President B. Assad and started negotiations on the "return" of Syria to the Arab family.  

Materials and methods: Russian and foreign studies on the Syrian peace process, news sources of the world media were used as materials for writing the article. The methodological base was made up of discourse analysis and a comparative analysis of the approaches of the largest regional powers to the issue of resolving the Syrian conflict.  

Research results: The admission of Syria to the League of Arab States, the opening of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Oman in Syria allow us to conclude that the peace process is now in the hands of the countries of the Middle East region. The peace process also no longer consists of negotiations between the regional countries involved in the conflict and the Syrian government solely over the political structure of Syria, but rather consists of negotiations on the conditions for the legitimization of the Syrian au­thorities.  

Discussion and conclusion: At the same time, the role of Russia in the peace process is to organize negotiations between Syria and a number of the most authoritative Middle Eastern states: Turkey and Iran, in order to find acceptable conditions for the normalization and withdrawal of their troops from the territory of Syria in exchange for guarantees of their security and maintaining a certain balance of their interests in Syria and the Middle East region as a whole. The existing joint foreign policy interests in other regions of Russia with Turkey and Iran built interdependence relations and gave Moscow certain levers of influence on them in the Syrian negotiation process, which makes it an influential participant in the settlement of the conflict.
Implementation of the Principle of Mutual Trust in the Migration Cases by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Tsveiba N. А.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article examines the positive and negative aspects of the application of the «principle of mutual trust» within the framework of European Union law. The positive features of the application of the «principle of mutual trust» include simplification of procedural aspects of the application of the law, strengthening of interaction between member states of the European Union, as well as harmonization of legislation. At the same time, the application of this principle by EU member states with low standards of human rights protection leads to their violation. The author's research shows that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, criticizing the negative aspects of the «principle of mutual trust»,v led to its evolution and strengthened the level of protection of the rights and freedoms of European union’s citizens as well as it strengthened the interaction between the EU Court and the ECHR.

Materials and methods. The methodological ground of the study based on the following general scientific and special methods of the recognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of European law: the method of system-structural analysis, the method of synthesis of social phenomena, the comparative legal method, the formal logical method. For certain questions, statistical data was involved in the study. To identify further vectors for the development of interaction between judicial bodies used the content analysis.

Results of the study. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the evolution in the interaction of the two judicial institutions in the field of protection of the rights and freedoms of migrants and the rethinking of the principle of mutual trust are caused by the relaunching of the dialogue on the accession of the European Union to the European Convention of fundamental rights 1950 and by the deep awareness of the high significance of such accession for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

Discussion and conclusions. The principle of mutual trust is still a key point in building a trustful relationship between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Currently, these judicial bodies have reached the highest level of convergence, which can be seen in the analysis of law enforcement practice.
PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERBASIS DAYA TARIK WISATA PETUALANGAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI BALI
Authors: Prasiasa Dewa Putu Oka
Published: October 2023

This study examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of tourist villages in Bali; find important criteria in the development of tourist villages in Bali; and formulate strategic priorities for the development of tourist villages in Bali that offer adventure tourism attractions during the Covid-19 Pandemic. As a qualitative study, data analysis was carried out using SWOT, AHP, and a combination of SWOT and AHP. This study found that tourist villages with adventure tourism attractions during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Bali had strengths: variations in tourist attractions, community readiness to accept tourists during the Covid-19 Pandemic, people were easy to adapt, the implementation of health protocols was understood by the community; Weaknesses: public transportation to tourist villages, access is not well organized, tourist attractions are relatively the same; opportunities: potential to attract tourists, nature and culture support the development of tourist villages; and threats: digital technology in marketing tourism village products has not been evenly distributed, the entry of foreign investors into tourist villages. Three important criteria in the development of tourist villages during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Bali: concern for CHSE (score 0.351), security guarantees (score 0.34), and ease of CHSE facilities (score 0.329). Meanwhile, three strategic priorities need to be implemented: healthy tourism (score 0.89), sports tourism (score 0.67) and environmentally friendly tourism (score 0.58).

Keywords: tourism village; adventure tourism; tourist attraction; covid-19 pandemic.
PERKEMBANGAN DIGITALISASI TERHADAP SIKAP MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ADAT BANCEUY SEBAGAI DESA WISATA MENURUT DOXEY IRRITATION INDEX
Authors: Saputra Gusti Ketut Oka , Simbolon Richard Khen Ramex , Faruqi Ilham , Andari Rini
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan zaman yang sangat pesat disertai dengan perkembangan teknologi membuat setiap orang menerapkan konsep digitalisasi pada beberapa kegiatan demi mendapatkan kinerja yang optimal, efisien, dan efektif. Perkembangan digitalisasi di desa wisata menjadi sangat penting dikarenakan semua sektor sekarang menggunakan teknologi menjadi inovasi mereka. Hal tersebut membuat wisatawan semakin tertarik akan desa wisata yang berkembang mengikuti zaman. Kehadiran wisatawan dalam suatu tempat wisata hingga pengembangan tempat wisata pasti memiliki dampak pada penduduk sekitar, Model Doxey Irritation Index dapat digunakan sebagai model untuk mengungkapkan sudut pandang pariwisata masyarakat lokal dan diperkirakan akan berkontribusi pada pemeriksaan mendalam untuk menentukan apakah demografi masyarakat lokal membuat perbedaan dalam perspektif mereka terhadap kegiatan pariwisata. Metode Doxey Irritation Index yang digunakan dalam pembahasan artikel mengenai perkembangan digitalisasi terhadap sikap masyarakat Kampung Adat Banceuy mampu menghasilkan sebuah pernyataan bahwa pada awalnya sikap masyarakat terhadap adanya digitalisasi ini sangatlah terbuka dan memiliki minat yang tinggi untuk mempelajarinya lebih lanjut ditambah lagi dengan hasil wawancara yang menyatakan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Adat Banceuy memiliki semangat dan antusiasme tinggi terhadap adanya digitalisasi. Keywords: digitalisasi; doxxey irritation index; desa wisata.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN INTRINSIK SABANG SEBAGAI PORT OF CALL KAPAL PESIAR
Authors: Nanda Riska , Baiquni Muhammad , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Sabang is one of the 18 entrances for foreign tourist ships that are required to meet a number of characteristics. In determining a destination, cruise liners pay attention to a number of issues, both in terms of port facilities and the availability of various tourist attractions at the destination. This study aims to examine the intrinsic capabilities of Sabang as a cruise ship destination by assessing 14 port of call indicators. The results showed that 13 of the indicators were available in Sabang, 1 other indicator related to night entertainment could not be provided because it was against the norms and the Shari'a in Aceh. On the other hand, the cultural potential in Sabang can be an alternative to entertainment demands for cruise ship tourists. Keywords: intrinsic capabilities; port of call destinations; cruise ship tourism.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA BELUMBANG MENUJU DESA WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN TABANAN, BALI
Authors: Anggaryani Ayuning , Anom I Putu , Narottama Nararya
Published: October 2023

Belumbang Village is located in Kerambitan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The potential of the village of yet to go to a tourism village is natural potential, cultural potential, fitness activities, spiritual and artificial attractions. However, only a few have been actively implemented, therefore it is necessary to formulate a development strategy that can be applied in Belumbang Village so that in the future it can become a sustainable and community-based tourism village. Then the specific objectives are to identify the existence of potential tourist attractions owned by Belumbang Village, to identify and analyze internal and external factors in developing Belumbang Village and to formulate strategies in developing Belumbang Village towards a communitybased Tourism Village. This study used descriptive qualitative method. With the data collection technique is done by observation, interviews, document studies and FGD. Data were analyzed by SWOT, IFE and EFE analysis and QSPM. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, there are 11 alternative strategies that can be applied in Belumbang Village. Then, based on the results of the QSPM analysis, there are 2 alternative strategies that are prioritized, namely maximizing the potential for wellness tourism that is developing in Bali and making more attractive tour packages by utilizing existing potential. It can be concluded that contributions from various parties such as the government, stakeholders and local communities are needed in developing a strategy for developing Belumbang village to be a community-based tourism village. Keywords: development strategy; tourist village; SWOT analysis.
MAPPING THE VILLAGE TOURISM STUDIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Chawa Anif Fatma , Putra Moch Hisyam , Ambarsari Zulia Antan
Published: October 2023

This article aims to identify, map, and analyze the research related to village tourism in Indonesia conducted from 2011 to 2021. This bibliography-based study employed a charting-the-field method involving 233 studies published in national journals at least Sinta 3 accredited and international journals of four academic publishers including Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Emerald. This study presents a picture of topics, kinds, tourist destinations, research methods, number of citations, and journals rarely used but having received attention for further research on village tourism. Research findings show that the number of studies on village tourism increases every year, but there are several aspects not receiving attention or not being studied. The classification according to research sites shows that some studies are required to be conducted in the provinces outside Java and Bali islands. Research results further indicate that some research topics of local wisdom, the roles of the governments and stakeholders, and village tourism from the perspectives of gender and conflict and also assessment of village tourism management have not been studied. Similarly, the types of village tourism that have not received enough attention are education tourism, religious tourism, social tourism, and culinary tourism. The lack of these research aspects is observable by employing research methods which have not been used by many, including mix-methods and literature studies. Keywords: bibliography study; charting the field method; village tourism.
ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WISATA RAFTING DI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Sari Wiwik Nirmala
Published: October 2023

This research aims to know the participation of local communities in the development of Cisadane River rafting tourism, Bogor Regency. This research includes qualitative research, using the methods of observation, literature study, documentation and interviews to collect data. Several informants were determined using a purposive sampling technique in which the informants were selected based on certain considerations. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive analysis. The results showed that the form of local community participation in the development of rafting tourism, Cisadane River, Bogor Regency, was not optimal. Community participation is only in the form of participation in the implementation of rafting tourism and taking benefits, not in decision making and activity evaluation. It is hoped that in the future the development of rafting tourism around the Cisadane River, Bogor Regency can involve the community optimally, starting from decision making, implementation, taking benefits, and the evaluation of development. Optimal community participation can increase the sense of belonging and responsibility for the community, so that the sustainability of rafting tourism can be guaranteed. Keywords: participation; local community; rafting tourism; tourism.
PENGARUH TOURIST EXPERIENCE DAN PUNGUTAN LIAR TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG KEMBALI DI KAWASAN CIPANAS GARUT
Authors: Utami Rosi Aprilia , Adiatma Dani , Rukma Deden Firman Syuyaman
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the noteworthy impact that tourist experiences and unauthorised charges have on the inclination to return to the tourism region of Cipanas.The sample consists of 100 respondents, which were collected using purposive sampling technique. The type of research conducted is quantitative, where the researcher distributed interval-scaled questionnaires to visitors and the data was subjected to analysis through the application of multiple linear regression using SPSS. as a research tool. Based on the discussion and analysis, the regression model in this study is Y = 4,443 + 0,041X1 + 0,05X2, where the regression model has a positive value, indicating that the influence of tourist experience and illegal fees on the intention to revisit is positive. Based on the partial test results, it can be inferred that the tourist experience has a notable and affirmative impact on the willingness to revisi, as seen from the results of the tourist experience variable with T-count (3.680) > T-table (1.661) and sig value < (0.05). However, the illegal fees variable has T-count (0.190) < T-table (1.661) and sig value > (0.05), which means that the illegal fees variable has no significant impact on the willingness to revisi. The simultaneous testing results indicate that both variables have a significant impact on the willingness to revisit, as seen from the F-count value (7.599) > F-table (3.090) and sig value (0.001) < (0.05). The analysis of determination shows that the contribution of tourist experience and illegal fees on the intention to revisit is 0.118 or 11.8%, which means that visitor satisfaction does not depend on tourist experience and illegal fees alone. he remaining 88.2% can be attributed to other factors that were not examined in this study, such as tourism attractions, ease of access, accomodation, and others. Keywords: tourist experience, illegal fees, revisit intention.
ANALISIS POTENSI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM DI DESA PANCASARI
Authors: Andryani  Ni Luh Febry Sukma , Rahmawati Putu Indah , Widiastini  Ni Made Ary
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi dan startegi pengembangan Desa Wisata dengan menggunakan model community based tourism di Desa Pancasari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah Desa Pancasari dan narasumber dari Desa Pancasari dan pengunjung yang dapat memberikan informasi terkait penelitian. Informasi diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Pancasari memiliki potensi yang signifikan untuk dijadikan destinasi pengembangan Desa Wisata. Daya tarik yang dimiliki meliputi keindahan alam, kearifan lokal, budaya, dan keramahan penduduk. Dalam mengembangkan desa wisata, strategi yang digunakan adalah model community based tourism. Model ini melibatkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat setempat dalam pengambilan keputusan, pengelolaan, dan pemasaran destinasi wisata. Partisipasi masyarakat sangat penting dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata agar mencapai keberlanjutan yang lebih baik. Ketua karang taruna memiliki peran penting sebagai penghubung antara masyarakat, pengelola wisata, dan pemerintah. Mereka juga mengorganisir kegiatan sosial dan budaya yang melibatkan masyarakat dan pengunjung. Pengelola wisata bertanggung jawab dalam pengelolaan infrastruktur dan layanan wisata yang berkualitas serta mengembangkan produk wisata yang menarik. Penduduk desa memiliki peran aktif dalam menjaga kebersihan, keramahan, dan kelestarian lingkungan, dan dapat berperan sebagai pemandu wisata lokal. Pengunjung diharapkan menghormati adat dan budaya setempat serta menjaga kelestarian lingkungan selama berkunjung. Dengan model community-based tourism, Desa Pancasari memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata yang berkelanjutan, dengan dukungan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, peran ketua karang taruna, pengelola wisata yang berkualitas, dan kesadaran pengunjung terhadap adat dan budaya setempat. Keywords: strategi pengembangan; desa wisata pancasari; community-based tourism.