bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Biases of ChatGPT in Different Languages
Authors: Retzlaff Niklas
Published: June 2024

Given the widespread use of AI language models such as ChatGPT, there is an urgent need 1 to understand their political biases in different languages. This study aims to uncover such biases. To 2 investigate this issue, we applied IDRLabs’ Political Coordinates Test to ChatGPT based on GPT-4 3 in four languages - English, French, German, and Italian. The results confirm previous studies that 4 identified a left-libertarian bias in ChatGPT. There was remarkable consistency in political orientation 5 across all four languages, although minor variations were found. Differences in ChatGPT response 6 distributions across languages could indicate culturally determined differences in interpretation 7 of political questions. The results highlight the need to diversify and optimize data collection and 8 model training methods to ensure greater fairness and neutrality and minimize the influence of bias. 9 Our study highlights the importance of cultural differences in the processing and interpretation of 10 political information by AI models.
Digital PCR Validation for Characterization of Quantitative Reference Material of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genomic DNA
Authors: Tere-Peña Claudia Patricia , Calderon-Ozuna Martha Nancy , Leguizamón John Emerson
Published: June 2024

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is an important pathogen related to foodborne disease that is responsible for a growing number of outbreaks worldwide and has been detected in processed meats, dairy, and fresh vegetables. Although culturing is the gold standard method for detection of this bacteria, molecular methods based on nucleic acid amplification techniques such as PCR are becoming more common because of their rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity. However, to ensure reliable results among the several alternative PCR protocols (e.g., commercial kits and reference methods), different measurement assurance tools, including validated methods, reference materials, and proficiency tests among others, are required. Herein, we present a digital PCR method validation for E. coli O157:H7 detection and quantification using seven gene sequences; this method quantified nucleic acids from different E. coli serotypes, with a detection range between 6.6 to 7,900 copies/µL and a repeatability standard deviation over the concentration range of between 1% to 13.6%. The relative standard uncertainty was 3.5%–14.6%, and the detection limit was 0.27 copies/µL. Subsequently two batches of a candidate reference material based on E. coli O157:H7 genomic DNA were then produced and characterized for evaluation of copy number concentration with the validated dPCR method, with assigned values of 164,770 ± 9,251 and 172 ± 9 copies/μL. Thus, this study demonstrated the development a validated method and reference material for dPCR and qPCR detection of E. coli O157:H7, a key STEC responsible for food poisoning.
European Green Deal, Energy Transition & Greenflation Paradox:
How public policies can produce new scarcity
Authors: García-Vaquero Martin , Daumann Frank , Sánchez-Bayón Antonio
Published: June 2024

Greenflation or inflation for green energy transition in Europe, it becomes a structural problem of new scarcity and poverty, because the Green Deal and its fiscal and monetary policies. In this paper, it is paid attention to the Green financial bubble and the European greenflation paradox: in order to achieve greater future social wellbeing, due to a looming climate risk, present wellbeing and wealth is reduced, causing a real and ongoing risk of social impoverishment. According to the European Union data, it is going to show the relations between green transition (emissions, tax, debt, credit boom, etc.), GDP and inflation. As many emissions are reduced, there is a decrease of GDP (once deflated) and GDP per capita, evidencing social deflation, which in turn means more widespread poverty and a reduction of middle-class. Also, there is a risk of a green-bubble, like in the Great Recession of 2008 (but this time supported by the European Union) and possible stagflation. To analyze this problem, it is used here some econometric tools, but under the theoretical support of heterodox approaches, especially the Austrian Economics and the New-Institutional Schools.
ChatGPT Is Moderately Accurate in Providing a General Overview of Orthopaedic Conditions
Authors: Sparks Chandler A. , Fasulo Sydney M. , Windsor Jordan T. , Bankauskas Vita , Contrada Edward V. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Scillia Anthony J.
Published: June 2024

Background:

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot capable of providing human-like responses for virtually every possible inquiry. This advancement has provoked public interest regarding the use of ChatGPT, including in health care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the quantity and accuracy of ChatGPT outputs for general patient-focused inquiries regarding 40 orthopaedic conditions.

Methods:

For each of the 40 conditions, ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) was prompted with the text “I have been diagnosed with [condition]. Can you tell me more about it?” The numbers of treatment options, risk factors, and symptoms given for each condition were compared with the number in the corresponding American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) OrthoInfo website article for information quantity assessment. For accuracy assessment, an attending orthopaedic surgeon ranked the outputs in the categories of <50%, 50% to 74%, 75% to 99%, and 100% accurate. An orthopaedics sports medicine fellow also independently ranked output accuracy.

Results:

Compared with the AAOS OrthoInfo website, ChatGPT provided significantly fewer treatment options (mean difference, −2.5; p < 0.001) and risk factors (mean difference, −1.1; p = 0.02) but did not differ in the number of symptoms given (mean difference, −0.5; p = 0.31). The surgical treatment options given by ChatGPT were often nondescript (n = 20 outputs), such as “surgery” as the only operative treatment option. Regarding accuracy, most conditions (26 of 40; 65%) were ranked as mostly (75% to 99%) accurate, with the others (14 of 40; 35%) ranked as moderately (50% to 74%) accurate, by an attending surgeon. Neither surgeon ranked any condition as mostly inaccurate (<50% accurate). Interobserver agreement between accuracy ratings was poor (κ = 0.03; p = 0.30).

Conclusions:

ChatGPT provides at least moderately accurate outputs for general inquiries of orthopaedic conditions but is lacking in the quantity of information it provides for risk factors and treatment options. Professional organizations, such as the AAOS, are the preferred source of musculoskeletal information when compared with ChatGPT.

Clinical Relevance:

ChatGPT is an emerging technology with potential roles and limitations in patient education that are still being explored.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tranexamic Acid vs. Other Routes in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Poursalehian Mohammad , Tajvidi Mahboobeh , Ghaderpanah Rezvan , Soleimani Mohammad , Hashemi Seyedeh Melika , Kachooei Amir Reza
Published: June 2024

Background:

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is often associated with significant blood loss, leading to complications such as acute anemia and increased risk of infection and mortality. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been recognized for effectively reducing blood loss during TJA. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral TXA compared with other administration routes in TJA.

Methods:

Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, focusing on randomized clinical trials involving oral TXA in TJA. The studies were assessed for quality using the Cochrane risk assessment scale. Data synthesis involved network meta-analyses, comparing outcomes including hemoglobin drop, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) rate.

Results:

Our comprehensive literature search incorporated 39 studies with 7,538 participants, focusing on 8 TXA administration methods in TJA. The combination of oral and intra-articular (oral + IA) TXA markedly reduced hemoglobin drop more effectively than oral, intravenous (IV), and IA alone, but the difference was not significant. Oral + IA TXA significantly reduced EBL more effectively than oral + IV, IA + IV, and oral, IV, and IA alone. Perioperative transfusion rates with oral + IA TXA was significantly lower than that of oral, IA, and IV alone. The DVT rate with oral + IA was significantly lower than that with all other routes, including oral + IV, IA + IV, and oral, IA, and IV alone.

Conclusion:

Oral TXA, particularly in combination with IA administration, demonstrates significantly higher efficacy in reducing blood loss and transfusion rates in TJA, with a safety profile comparable with that of other administration routes. The oral route, offering lower costs and simpler administration, emerges as a viable and preferable option in TJA procedures.

Level of Evidence:

Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comparison of Surgical Approaches for Hip Hemiarthroplasty Performed for the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Gusho Charles , Hoskins Wayne , Ghanem Elie
Published: June 2024

Background:

Multiple hemiarthroplasty (HA) approaches exist for femoral neck fracture (FNF) treatment. However, there is no consensus on the superiority of one approach for postoperative outcomes. This study assessed outcomes among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the posterior approach (PA), direct lateral approach (DLA), anterolateral approach (ALA), and the direct anterior approach (DAA) in HA for FNF.

Methods:

PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried in February 2024. A frequentist model network meta-analysis of eligible prospective RCTs compared outcomes among approaches using P-scores.

Results:

Of 1,481 retrieved studies, 11 RCTs totaling 1,513 FNF patients who underwent HA through a PA (n = 446; 29.5%), DLA (n = 481; 31.8%), ALA (n = 296; 19.6%), or DAA (n = 290; 19.2%) with median (interquartile range) follow-up of 6 (4.5-12.0) months were included for meta-analysis. DAA was associated with statistically increased operative duration (mean difference [MD], 1.89 minutes; 95% CI, 0.08 to 3.69 minutes; p < 0.001) compared with a PA, whereas an ALA was associated with statistically greater blood loss compared with a PA (MD, 5.81 mL; 95% CI, 4.11 to 7.50 mL; p < 0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of fracture, dislocation, infection, complications, revision, nor 1-year mortality among approaches. There were also no differences in hip nor pain score improvement at latest follow-up, although with high heterogeneity (I2 = 85.7% and 94.2%, respectively).

Conclusion:

This study found no clinical difference in improvement in pain, function, nor in revision outcomes and operative characteristics among HA approaches for FNF, and each approach had a similar adverse event profile. Despite limited randomized evidence, these findings suggest comparable short-term efficacy and safety of all approaches.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic, Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Un modelo de alfabetización mediática e informacional para profesores dominicanos del Nivel Secundario
Authors: Matos Lluberes Patricia , Barroso-Osuna Julio
Published: June 2024

En el contexto de la creciente importancia de la alfabetización mediática e informacional (AMI) en la educación del siglo XXI, este artículo presenta una investigación sobre la adaptación de un modelo de AMI específicamente diseñado para profesores de nivel secundario en la República Dominicana. El artículo aborda los desafíos particulares que enfrentan los profesores dominicanos en la implementación de la AMI en sus prácticas pedagógicas. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, se identificaron los componentes clave de un modelo de AMI adaptado a las necesidades y contextos educativos de la República DominicanaLos resultados revelan que la adaptación del modelo de AMI para profesores dominicanos es esencial para su efectiva implementación en el aula. Se proponen recomendaciones específicas para abordar estos desafíos y fortalecer la preparación de los profesores en AMI.
Por último, este artículo contribuye al debate sobre la importancia de la AMI en la educación dominicana y ofrece orientación para el diseño de programas de formación de docentes que promuevan una mayor competencia mediática e informacional entre los educadores y sus estudiantes, preparándolos para enfrentar los desafíos y oportunidades en el panorama mediático e informativo actual.
Solving Edges Deletion Problem of Complete Graphs
Authors: Jasim Anwar N. , Najim Alaa A.
Published: June 2024

مع زيادة حجم الشبكة فان احتمالية الفشل في بعض مكوناتها (العقد او الحافات) يزداد، لذلك من الضروري ان تكون الشبكة قادرة على التواصل بين مكوناتها في حالة وجود خلل في بعض مكوناتها. ان احتمالية حدوث عطل في التوصيلات بين محطات الشبكة أكبر من احتمالية حدوث عطل في المحطات نفسها بسبب طبيعة عمل العديد من الشبكات. يمكن دراسة فعالية وموثوقية الشبكة باستخدام مجموعة من تقنيات نظرية البيان. ان التواصل في الشبكة هو ما يحدد مدى صلابتها (موثوقيتها) حيث ان فعالية الشبكة تتأثر عند حدوث تلف في أحد مكوناتها. يستخدم قطر الرسم البياني لقياس كفاءة عمل الشبكة من خلال قياس اقصى تأخير في استلام إشارة (رسالة) معينة او حدوث خلل في الاستلام. في هذا البحث ندرس مدى زيادة القطر  للرسم البياني   الناتج بعد حذف  من الحافات من الرسم البياني  . وايجاد أكبر قطر للرسم بياني   الذي يحتوي  من الرؤوس ونحصل عليه بعد حذف  من الحافات من  وتحديد   بعد حساب
Thioflavin T Production in Coelastrella saipanensis LC752948.1: Impact of Sodium Chloride, growth phases, and their effect on growth parameters
Authors: Gany Fadeel Zeina , M.I. Al-Mahdawe Muthana , M. Hassan Fikrat
Published: June 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى البحث عن امكانية انتاج مركب الثايوفلافين T  وتأثير تراكيز كلوريد الصوديوم NaCl  واختلاف اطوار النمو على معدل النمو وزمن التضاعف والبرولين لطحلب (C. saipanensis N.Hanagata (Scenedsmacese, Shaerophleales. تم تنمية الطحلب في وسط Bg 11 ضمن ست تراكيز مختلفة من NaCl خلال مراحل النمو المختلفة, وقد كشفت النتائج عن وجود مركب الثايوفلافين T في الطحالب, واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية, ان جميع تراكيز NaCl ذاتا تأثير تثبيطي على معدل النمو عدا معاملة السيطرة, ولوحظ تأثير NaCl على زمن التضاعف والتي كانت اعلى قيمة 14 يوم عند التركيز 0.08 M, نتائج البرولين اظهرت ان هناك علاقة طردية بين تراكيز NaCl وقيم متوسط البرولين اذ بلغت اعلى قيمة 0.509 ملغم.لترˉ¹ عند التركيز 0.08 M. نتائج اختلاف اطوار النمو وجد ان اعلى قيمة لمتوسط البرولين بلغت 0.3 ملغم.لتر-1 في الطور الثاني اما نتائج التداخل بين التراكيز المختلفة من NaCl مع الاطوار المختلفة من النمو اعلى قيمة بلغت 0.695 ملغم.لتر-1 في التركيز 0.08 M عند الطور الثاني من النمو. ان انتاج اعلى قيمة من مركب الثايوفلافين T  بلغت 25.386 ملغم.لترˉ¹ عند التركيز 0.005 M. اما اختلاف اطوار النمو فوجد ان اعلى قيمة لمركب الثايوفلافين T بلغت 21.937 ملغم.لتر-1 عند الطور الثاني من النمو. في حين نتائج التداخل بين التراكيز المختلفة من NaCl مع اطوار النمو فوجد ان اعلى قيمة لصبغة الثايوفلافين T بلغت 27.335 ملغم.لتر-1 في التركيز 0.005 M للطور الثاني من النمو. من هذه التجربة نستنتج وجود صبغة الثايوفلافين T  في C. saipanensis, ان تركيزات كلوريد الصوديوم ومراحل النمو المختلفة لها تأثير على معدل النمو وانتاج البرولين ويسلط الضوء على امكانية استخدام الطحالب لانتاج صبغة الثايوفلافين T لاغراض مختلفة.
Estimating Apelin_36 Level in Obese and Non-obese Patients with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Moayd mohammed Maryam , M. Khaleel Fayhaa
Published: June 2024

تشتمل عوامل الخطر لأمراض القلب و الأوعية الدموية في السمنة و مرض السكري من النوع2.الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم مستويات الابلين-36 في مرضى السكري النوع2(البدناء و غيرلبدناء )العراقيين .مع معرفة ما اذا كان الابلين-36مؤشر مستقبلي لأمراض القلب و الاوعية الدموية ,وهل هو مؤشرللسمنة ام لمرض السكري ام مؤشر قوي لكلا المرضين ,بمقارنة مع الاشخاص الذين يعانون من البدانة ولا يعانون من مرض السكري. شملت هذه الدراسة 120 شخصا":30مريضا"يعانون من السمنة و السكري نوع2 ,و30 مريضا" من غير البدناء و يعانون من السكري نوع2 ,و 60 عينه بدناء استخدمت كمرجع كونترول . و الاعمار تتراوح من 30 الى 65 عاما". تم تقييم سكر الصائم و ملف الدهون الذي يشملCho ,Tri ,HDL,LDL ,VLDL . و كانت مستويات الابلين-36اعلى بكثير في مرضى السكري النوع 2 الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة (27.68±0.67 (27.64)) مقارنة بمرض السكري الغير بدناء (18.08±0.96 (18.01)) , زاد مؤشر كتلة الجسم لمرضى السكري نوع2 البدناء و المجموعة البدناء من الكونترول (p<0.05) (35.191±0.88 (34), 32.05±0.35 (31), 26.53±0.47 (27)). .لا تختلف القيم المتوسطة  Cho, Tri, HDL, VIDI لا يوجد فرق معنوي كبير بين القيم و لكن هنالك فرق معنوي لمستويات ال LDLللمرضى الذين يعانون من السمنة المفرطة و البدناء من الكونترول المنطقة تحت المنحني في الدراسة و التي =0.980 , ومنحنى ال ROC يشير الى تحديد الافراد بشكل صحيح. تلعب مستويات الابلين-36 دورا" مهما" و الذي يزداد مباشر مع السمنة (ارتفاع مؤشر كتاة الجسم) مما يؤدي الى زياده افراز الاديبوكاين الابلين- 36في الدم .تساهم زيادة مؤشر كتلة الجسم و مستويات الدهون و مدة المرض في تطور مضاعفات مرض السكري .
­Coleus amboinicus Lour. Leaf Extract Has No Effects on the Biochemical Markers but Improves the Liver Histopathological Scores of Septic Rat Model
Authors: Indah Sari Mutiara , Lia Kusumawati R. , Sari Pane Yunita , Sufitni Sufitni
Published: June 2024

كوليوس أمبوينيكوس لور. هو نبات عشبي له تأثيرات مناعية بسبب احتوائه على مادة البوليفينول. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد تأثيرات  مستخلص اوراق نبات Coleus amboinicus Lour على العلامات البيوكيميائية والنتائج النسيجية المرضية للكبد لنموذج الجرذ الإنتاني. استخدمنا في الدراسة 28 فأرًا من نوع Rattus norvegicus وقسمناها إلى 4 مجموعات تتكون كل منها من 7 فئران: مجموعة الضابطة (فئران سليمة دون علاج)، المجموعة 1 (فئران مصابة بالعدوى تعامل بالمضادات الحيوية)، المجموعة 2 (فئران مصابة بالعدوى تعامل بالمضادات الحيوية و250 ملجم). /كجم من وزن الجسم لمستخلص أوراق نبات Coleus amboinicus Lour والمجموعة الثالثة (الفئران المعالجة بالمضادات الحيوية و500 ملجم/كجم من وزن الجسم لمستخلص أوراق Coleus amboinicus Lour).   قمنا بقياس مستوى الجلوكوز في الدم، AST، ALT، اليوريا، ومستويات الكرياتينين، بالإضافة إلى درجات التشريح المرضي للكبد، لتقييم التحسن. أظهرت النتائج انخفاضًا في مستويات الجلوكوز في الدم وAST وALT واليوريا والكرياتينين في مجموعات الفئران التي أعطيت Coleus amboinicus Lour. مستخلص أوراق مقارنة بمجموعة الفئران التي أعطيت المضادات الحيوية فقط، على الرغم من أن الانخفاض لم يكن كبيرا (ع = 0.393؛ ع = 0.064؛ ع = 0.961؛ ع = 0.288؛ ع = 0.119، على التوالي). ومع ذلك، كان هناك انخفاض كبير في درجات التشريح المرضي للكبد في مجموعات الفئران التي أعطيت كوليوس أمبوينيكوس لور. مستخلص الأوراق مقارنة بمجموعة الفئران التي أعطيت المضادات الحيوية فقط (ع = 0.003). في الختام، ليس لاستخدام مستخلص الأوراق أي تأثير معنوي على المؤشرات البيوكيميائية، ولكنه يحسن النتائج التشريحية المرضية للكبد في نموذج الفئران الإنتانية.
A brain-rhythm hierarchical predictive computations integrate semantics and acoustics in speech processing
Authors: Dogonasheva Olesia , Doelling Keith , Zakharov Denis , Giraud Anne-Lise , Gutkin Boris
Published: June 2024

Unraveling how humans effortlessly grasp speech despite diverse environmental challenges has long intrigued researchers in systems and cognitive neuroscience. The interplay between semantic and phonological language structures has been a subject of debate in the linguistics and neurolinguistics literature that, so far, has not been resolved. We seek to understand the neural intricacies underpinning semantic-acoustic interplay in robust speech comprehension. To do so, we construct a computational mechanistic proof for the hypothesis, proposing a pivotal role for rhythmic predictive top-down contextualization facilitated by the delta rhythm in achieving time-invariant speech processing. Our Brain-Rhythm-based Inference model, BRyBI, integrates three key rhythmic processes -- theta-gamma interactions for parsing phoneme sequences, dynamic delta rhythm for inferred prosodic-phrase context, and resilient speech representations. Demonstrating mechanistic proof-of-principle, BRyBI replicates human behavioral experiments, showcasing its ability to handle pitch variations, time-warped speech, interruptions, and silences in non-comprehensible contexts. Intriguingly, the model aligns with human experiments, revealing optimal silence time scales in the theta- and delta-frequency ranges. Comparative analysis with deep neural network language models highlights distinctive performance patterns, emphasizing the unique capabilities of a rhythmic framework. In essence, our study sheds light on the neural underpinnings of speech processing, emphasizing the role of rhythmic brain mechanisms in structured temporal signal processing -- an insight that challenges prevailing artificial intelligence paradigms and hints at potential advancements in compact and robust computing architectures.
Comprehensive profiling of phenolic compounds and triterpenoid saponins from Acanthopanax senticosus and their antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
Authors: Kwon Ryeong Ha , Na Hyemin , Kim Ju Hyung , Kim So Ah , Kim Se Yeon , Jung Hyun-Ah , Lee Sang Hoon , Wee Chi-Do , Lee Kwang-Sik , Kim Heon-Woong
Published: June 2024

Acanthopanax senticosus belongs to Araliaceae family and is traditionally used as a tonic. The roots and stems are mainly used as a treatment for hypodynamia, rheumatism, and hypertension, but their frequent use may lead to its extinction. However, comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of the remaining parts were still limited, and needs to reorganize for standardization of functional foods. In this study, 50 phenolic compounds and 82 triterpenoid saponins from the shoots, leaves, fruits, and stems of A. senticosus were characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS. Among them, 57 new compounds were detected as the cis and malonyl-bound phenolic acids and were structural isomers of Acanthopanax flavonoids and saponins. All compounds were absolutely/relatively quantified, and shoots had the highest content. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were performed, followed by evaluation of structure-activity relationships. Both activities of all tested extracts and saponins showed remarkable efficacy and affected by the C-23 hydroxylation, the C-20(29) double bond, and the presence of rhamnose. These detailed profiling can be used as fundamental data for increasing the utilization of A. senticosus and developing them into functional foods.
A Nonlinear Association of Serum Uric Acid with All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality among Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study from NHANES
Authors: LV Yan-Lin , LIU Yong-Ming , DONG Kai-Xuan , MA Xiong-Bin , QIAN Lin
Published: June 2024

Background
The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between SUA and all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in adult patients with CVD.
Methods
This cohort study included 3977 patients with CVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018). Death outcomes were determined by linking National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019. We explored the association of SUA with mortality using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models, subgroup analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and weighted threshold effect analysis among patients with CVD.
Results
During a median follow-up of 68 months (interquartile range, 34–110 months), 1,369 (34.4%) of the 3,977 patients with cardiovascular disease died, of which 536 (13.5%) died of cardiovascular deaths and 833 (20.9%) died of non-cardiovascular deaths. In a multivariable-adjusted model (Model 3), the risk of ACM (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.16–1.64, p < 0.001) and the risk of CVM (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.10, p < 0.001) for participants in the SUA Q4 group were significantly higher. In patients with CVD, RCS regression analysis revealed a nonlinear association (p < 0.001 for all nonlinearities) between SUA, ACM, and CVM. Subgroup analysis showed a nonlinear association between ACM and CVM with SUA in patients with CVD combined with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with thresholds of 5.49 and 5.64, respectively. Time-dependent ROC curves indicated areas under the curve of 0.61, 0.60, 0.58, and 0.55 for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival for ACM and 0.69, 0.61, 0.59, and 0.56 for CVM, respectively.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that SUA is an independent prognostic factor for the risk of ACM and CVM in patients with CVD, supporting a U-shaped association between SUA and mortality, with thresholds of 5.49 and 5.64, respectively. In patients with CVD combined with CKD, the association of the ACM and the CVM with SUA remains nonlinear.
Adaptive Graph Convolution Embedding Normalizing Flow for Video Anomaly Detection
Authors: Liu Wei , wang cong , Zhang yongkang , Chen Jun , wei longsheng
Published: June 2024

Video anomaly detection is a challenging problem characterized by significant uncertainty, as it is influenced by various factors including appearance, posture, light intensity, scene changes, and etc. To alleviate the influence of the above factors, this article focuses more on the description of skeleton features. We use the Normalizing Flow framework to process human pose data to reduce the impact of strong generalization capabilities of other models. However, Normalizing Flow algorithms were unable to fully utilize the dependencies between non-directly connected nodes when convolving posture data, and ignored the spatial differences of nodes in the human body structure. Hence, we propose an improved video anomaly detection model called Adaptive Graph Convolution Normalizing Flow(AGC-NF). Our model can generate relationships between nodes that are not directly connected, and can adaptively update the connection relationship and connection strength between each node through training. Simultaneously, the incorporation of spatial distance constraints into node division amplifies local distinctions. After experimental evaluation, AGC-NF achieves improvement over mainstream Normalizing Flow methods on ShanghaiTech-HR datasets and UBnormal datasets.
Effects of branched-chain amino acids on surfactin structure and antibacterial activity in Bacillus velezensis YA215
Authors: Yu Futian , Shen Yuanyuan , Pang Yiyang , Fan Heliang , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Xiaoling
Published: June 2024

Antibiotics are essential for combating pathogens; however, their misuse has led to increased resistance, necessitating the search for effective, low-toxicity alternatives. Surfactin, due to its unique structure, exhibits significant antibacterial activity without easily inducing resistance, making it a focus of current research. Nonetheless, the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on surfactin's structure and activity are not well understood. This study examines the influence of BCAAs (L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine) on the lipopeptide (surfactin) produced by B. velezensis YA215. Process optimization revealed that adding 1 g/L of L-Leu and L-Ile, and 0.5 g/L of L-Val, maximizes surfactin production. Surfactin levels peaked with L-Val and L-Ile at 36 h, while L-Leu reached its maximum at 24 h. Notably, L-Val supplementation resulted in the highest relative surfactin content. Antimicrobial testing demonstrated that BCAAs significantly enhance the antibacterial effects of lipopeptides against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with Val showing the most pronounced effect. The addition of BCAAs notably altered the composition of surfactin fatty acid chains. Specifically, Val increased the proportions of iso C14 and iso C16 β-hydroxy fatty acids from 13.3% and 4.216–23.803% and 8.31%, respectively. Additionally, the amino acid composition at the 7th position of the peptide chain changed significantly, especially with Val addition, which increased the proportion of C14 [Val 7] surfactin by 3.29 times. These structural changes are likely associated with the enhanced antibacterial activity of surfactin. These findings provide valuable insights into the roles of BCAAs in microbial fermentation, underscoring their importance in metabolic engineering to enhance the production of bioactive compounds.
Influence of cultivars and NPSBZn fertilizer rates on pseudostem yield and quality of leek (Alium ampeloprasum var. porrum L.) at Lambuda Dstrict, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kuma Amanuel , Talito Fekadu
Published: June 2024

Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var porrum L.) is a member of the Allium genus. It is known for its specific taste and aroma. However, there is lack of area specific fertilizer recommendation and suitable crop cultivars. The experiment was conducted at Lambuda Agricultural Demonstration Site, Wachemo University, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, during 2022/2023 belg-cropping season under supplementary irrigated conditions to identify the appropriate level of NPSZ fertilizer rate on yield and quality of leek. The experiment consisted of 2*7 factorial combinations of commercially producing (Casimir) and from black market (Bandit) leek cultivars and NPSBZ fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75,100, 125, and 150) ha-1 rates were used in the study. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The intra inter row spacing of 5cm*25cm respectively were used. All data assessed on yield and quality components and analyzed using SAS software version 9.4. Results revealed that the main effect of NPSBZ fertilizer rates and cultivars significantly (P < 0.01) affected the yield parameters (pseudostem length, mean pseudostem weight), and quality parameters (core diameter, shaft diameter, fructan analysis, unmarketable pseudostem yield and total soluble solid). The treatment interaction significantly (P < 0.01) affected marketable pseudostem yield, total pseudostem yield and carotene contents. The highest marketable pseudostem yield (38.53t ha-1), total pseudostem yield (39.4t ha-1) and carotene contents (10.29 mg/100ml) were recorded at combination of Casimir with 150 kg NPSBZn rates ha-1. As per the partial budget analysis the highest net benefit (527,112 ETB ha-1) was obtained from the combined application of 150 kg NPSBZn rates ha-1 and Casimir with marginal rate of return (1316.1%).Hence, the combination of 150 kg NPSBZn rates ha-1 and Casimir profitable than other combinations. Current study presents the increased application of fertilizer rates increased pseudostem yield and quality of leek consistently. Thus, further investigation is required by increasing rates of fertilizer to reach with sound conclusion in Lambuda district and areas sharing similar agro-ecology.
Prospective Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Six Selective Rice Cultivars in Strongly Saline Soil of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Syed Sazidul , Akter Shova
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Over the past two decades, rice production has been seriously threatened by the progressively diminishing agricultural land caused by both environmental and anthropogenic issues. To support the policy decisions for food security in Bangladesh, we must use marginal soil, such as salt-affected soil and suitable variety for a particular region for higher yield.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted in saline soil (8.7 dS m-1) in Khulna, Bangladesh during December 2020 to April 2021 to identify the best rice cultivar following Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Six rice varieties (BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan67, Black rice, Violet rice and Heera hybrid) were tested in this experiment to observe their growth and yield performance as well as macro nutrient uptake.
Results: In this study, Black rice died at 74 days after transplanting due to the excess salt stress. The findings revealed that Heera hybrid rice produced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher tiller hill-1, panicle hill-1, panicle length, biological yield, harvest index, grain yield, straw yield, total grain panicle-1 and filled grain compared to other varieties except BRRI dhan67. On the other hand, significantly highest number of leaf hill-1, 1000-grain weight, P, S and Na uptake was obtained from BRRI dhan67. Additionally, maximum grain N and K uptake was observed for Heera hybrid rice as compared with other cultivars.
Conclusions: It can be summarized that Heera hybrid and BRRI dhan67 could be effective to improve rice production and nutrient uptake in coastal saline soil of Bangladesh followed by BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan28 and Violet rice.
Quiet quitting threatens healthcare organizations and services: alarming evidence from a cross-sectional study with nurses in Greece
Authors: Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Vraka Irene , Kalogeropoulou Maria , Gallos Parisis , Prasini Ioanna , Galanis Petros
Published: June 2024

Background: Quiet quitting has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for healthcare organizations and services have been expected.
Objective: To identify levels of quiet quitting among clinical nurses in Greece. Moreover, we examined the impact of demographic and job characteristics on quiet quitting.
Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study in Greece. We collected our data in February 2024. We obtained a convenience sample of nurses who have been working in clinical settings. We used the “Quiet Quitting” Scale (QQS) to measure levels of quiet quitting among nurses in our study. Moreover, we measured gender, age, educational level, job sector, understaffed workplace, shift work, and years of clinical experience.
Results: Applying the suggested cut-off point we found that seven out of ten nurses (68.2%, n=620) can be considered as quiet quitters, while three out of ten (31.8%, n=289) can be considered as non-quiet quitters. We found that males experienced higher levels of quiet quitting than females (adjusted coefficient beta = 0.216, 95% CI = 0.093 to 0.339, p-value = 0.001). Additionally, shift workers (adjusted coefficient beta = 0.182, 95% CI = 0.091 to 0.272, p-value < 0.001) and nurses who have been working in understaffed workplaces (adjusted coefficient beta = 0.134, 95% CI = 0.006 to 0.262, p-value = 0.040) showed higher levels of quiet quitting. Decreased years of clinical experience were associated with increased quiet quitting (adjusted coefficient beta = -0.008, 95% CI = -0.012 to -0.004, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: In our sample, nurses reported high levels of quiet quitting. Gender, shift work, an understaffed workplace, and clinical experience had an impact on quiet quitting. Healthcare organizations and managers should pay attention to quiet quitting in order to improve nurses’ productivity and patients’ outcomes.
PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATION OF A MAXILLARY DEFECT USING HOLLOW BULB OBTURATOR: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital., Sarkar Debabrata , Mondal Mousumi ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital., Ray Rishi ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital., Yadav Surbhi ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital.
Published: June 2024

Inverted papilloma arising from the sinonasal mucosa often necessitates a total or partial maxillectomy, creating a significant palatal and alveolar ridge defect. These defects can lead to sequelae like nasal regurgitation, compromised oral and nasal competence, impaired mastication, and deglutition due to lack of bony support, and altered speech due to changes in oral cavity anatomy. Facial aesthetics can also be negatively impacted with the potential for a sunken malar eminence or collapsed midface. While prosthodontic rehabilitation with obturators aims to restore function and aesthetics, conventional designs can be cumbersome due to their weight and bulk. This case report details the utilization of a hollow bulb obturator, addressing the limitations of traditional obturators and potentially improving patient outcomes.
EVALUATING SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR PARKINSONS DISEASE DETECTION: A COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors:   M.Tech Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering and Industrial Management COEP Technological University Pune, India., Ratnakar Anand
Published: June 2024

Parkinsons disease (PD) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its often subtle and gradual onset. Speech analysis offers a promising avenue for early detection, enabling intervention before the disease significantly progresses. This study investigates the efficacy of supervised machine learning algorithms in identifying PD using speech features. We compared the performance of Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for PD classification. Our findings demonstrate the superiority of ANNs, achieving a test accuracy of 97.44%, which surpasses existing benchmarks and highlights their potential for PD diagnosis. This approach leverages readily available speech data, potentially reducing reliance on expensive and time-consuming clinical procedures. This research contributes to the development of non-invasive, speech-based diagnostic tools for PD, paving the way for earlier intervention and improved patient management.
A HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., L.G Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Fallopian tubes are complex structures 1. Fallopian tubes are part of female genital tract named after Italian physician Gabriele Fallopias in 16thcentury 2,16. Fallopian tube lesions are non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Non neoplastic lesions are the major cause of sterility13. Present study was under taken with objectives of study all histomorphological lesions of fallopian tubes in bilateral salphigoophorectomised patients. Material and methods: A total number of 249 specimens of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Histosalphingooophorectomy cause were studied in the department of pathology SDM College of medical sciences and Hospital Dharwad over a period of 7 years form July 2012 to June 2019. The clinical data, gross and microscopic findings were studied. Incidence and prevalence were calculated. Results: In our study Hydrosalphinx (20.1%) is the commonest finding, Tubal atypia 14.9%, Tubal metaplasia 14%, acute salphingitis 9.2%, Metastatic lesions 6%, Hematosalphinx 6.8%, fallopian tube showing STIC lesions 3.6%, TuberculousSalphingitis 3.2% Conclusion: Fallopian tube lesions present with different pathological findings. Precursors of malignancy in fallopian tube has to be thoroughly examined.
THEORISING GENDERED MOTIVATIONS TO STREET VENDING: A STUDY OF WOMEN VENDORS IN DELHI, INDIA
Authors:   Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University, Department of Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield S11WB UK., Sharma Shweta
Published: June 2024

The informal economy is characterised by severe decent work deficits that disproportionately impact women (ILO, 2002a, 2013c). This research identifies multiple dimensions of gendered segmentation within the street vending sector in Delhi arising from an interplay of structural factors experienced differently by women across the life course. Analysis of 105 semi-structured interviews with vendors in Delhi highlights the role of patriarchal norms in public and private spheres in structuring womens entry into street vending. Key issues to access jobs in the formal sector include the patriarchal norms, stigmatisation and societal expectations that limit womens access to education, their ability to work and the type of work they engage in, thus creating segmentation in the labour market. This study concludes that the structural conditions lead to transitions, life events and turning points in womens lives, determining their access to employment in the formal or informal sector.
DETERMINATION DE LEPAISSEUR OPTIMUM DE LA COUCHE (P) CZTS, SOUS ECLAIREMENT MONOCHROMATIQUE ET SOUS TEMPERATURE
Authors:   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Simpore Rasmane ,   Universite Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou, Burkina Faso., Loum Khady ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.,   Universite Iba Der THIAM de Thies, Senegal., Habiboulha Lemerabott ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.,   Ecole Multinationale de Telecommunication-Dakar, Senegal., Thiame Moustapha ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.,   Universite Assane SECK, Ziguinchor, Senegal., Gueye Sega ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.,   Faculte des Sciences et Technologies de leducation et de la Formation-Departement de Physique et Chimie, Universite Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar-Senegal., Sissoko Gregoire ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable (GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.
Published: June 2024

La photopile mono-faciale a couche mince de CZTS sous eclairement monochromatique par la face avant et en regime stationnaire, est etudiee sous temperature (T). De lexpression de la densite des porteurs minoritaires de chargea la profondeur (x) dans la base, ainsi que celle du photocourant,les expressions de la vitesse de recombinaison sont deduites. Ainsi la representation graphique par des courbes bis axes des expressions de Sb1(H,T) et Sb2 (Î±, T, H) puis celle de Sf2(Î±, T, H) et Sb2 (Î±, T, H) permet dextraire lepaisseur optimum de la base, puis les analyser en fonction de la temperature et du coefficient dabsorption du matereiau. La representation graphique de lepaisseur optimum donne une fonction decroissante de la temperature, pour une absorption donnee.
SYNTHESIS OF A FEW DERIVATIVES OF BAYLIS-HILLMAN ADDUCTS: BIO-EVALUATION AGAINST ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND CANDIDAALBICANS
Authors: Saikia Monmi , Ch Deka Dibakar
Published: June 2024

A report of the synthesis of a few adducts of Baylis-Hillman adducts (BHA) using green protocol is established. The bioactivities of the adducts were evaluated against Aspergillus nigar and Candida albicans, two fungal pathogens.A few synthesized compounds were tested and found to have moderate to good anti-fungal activities against these two pathogens.
Influence of the rough surface and speed of crankpin bearing on the power of the engine
Authors: Nguyen Vanliem
Published: June 2024

To fully evaluate the influence of the rough surface (σ) and speed (ω) of the crankpin bearing on the engine power, a combination model of the slider crank mechanism and crankpin bearing’s lubrication is established to calculate the mathematical equations for the simulation. Three indexes of the bearing-capacity (W), friction-force (F), and friction-coeficient (μ) are used to evaluate the influence of the change of the crankpin bearing’s speed and rough surface on the engine’s power. The study shows that increasing ω not only effectively reduces the load capacity of the crankpin bearing but also increases the F and μ in the engine’s crankpin bearing, thereby directly reducing the engine’s power. Besides, the reduction of ω also reduces the bearing-capacity of the crankpin bearing. To optimize the engine’s power, the engine’s speed should be maintained at 2000 r/min to improve the engine’s power. In addition, under the effect of the rough surface of the crankpin bearing, the W of the crankpin bearing is insignificantly affected by the change of the rough surface while both the F and μ are greatly affected. In particular, the maximum F at σ = 8 μm and σ = 10 μm is increased by 68.3 % and 77.7 % in comparison with the maximum F at minimum value of σ = 2 μm, respectively. Therefore, in the design of the engine, the rough surface of the crankpin bearing should be reduced to improve the engine’s power. Additionally, the design parameters of the crankpin bearings should also be optimized to further improve the engine’s power.
Efficient recovery of highly pure CaF2 from fluorine-containing wastewater using an icy lime solution
Authors: Cao Shuqin , Li Yubiao , Wu Xiaoyong , Li Wanqing , Yang Xu
Published: June 2024

Developing a feasible and low-cost strategy for the recovery of calcium fluoride efficiently from fluoride-containing wastewater is very essential for the recycle of fluoride resources. Herein, a modified lime precipitation method was employed to recover CaF2 from fluorinated wastewater using a special icy lime solution. Intriguingly, the highest F– removal was greater than 95% under the optimal condition, leaving a fluoride concentration from 200 to 8.64 mg/L, while the lime dosage was much lower than that of industry. Importantly, spherical-shaped CaF2 particles with a 93.47% purity and size smaller than 600 nm were recovered, which has a high potential for the production of hydrofluoric acid. Besides, the precipitation was significantly affected by Ca/F molar ratio, stirring time, temperature, and solution pH. Furthermore, the thermodynamics and kinetics were investigated in detail to reveal the crystallization process. As a result, the defluorination reaction followed the pseudo-second order reaction kinetics model. Also, CO2 in the air adversely influenced the CaF2 purity. Based on this facile method, a high lime utilization efficiency was applied to defluorination, which contributed to protecting the environment and saving costs. This study, therefore, provides a feasible approach for the green recovery of fluorine resources and has significance for related research.
Role of Rasayana in communicable diseases with special reference to Covid-19: A Review
Authors: Santoki Akash , Kothiyal Rahul , Acharya Achyut , Gavali Preeti
Published: June 2024

Communicable diseases continue to be prevalent and pose serious problems for public health. Recently, COVID 19 emerged out as one of the communicable diseases which was declared as a pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has left its imprints on various health systems globally and caused immense social and economic disruptions. The scientific community across the globe is expecting potential leads from traditional systems of healthcare. Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) is one of the comprehensive disciplines of Ayurveda which includes various approaches like use of herbs, food articles, herbo-mineral formulations, dietary and lifestyle changes. It strengthens the body’s immune system by improving health of body tissues and promoting a balanced state of body. Rasayana essentially imparts nutrition to the body at all levels from macro to micro-cellular level. Rasayana therapy replenishes the vital fluids of the body and it enhances the Ojas (vital force of life) resulting in increased energy and balanced mental and emotional health. Rasayana therapy is particularly helpful in management of such disorders where immunity and infections are playing central role like COVID-19. The therapy is helpful to increase the immunity of a person and hence protects from communicable diseases like COVID-19. As COVID 19 is still active, so Rasayana therapy can play a vital role to combat with the disease.