bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirada crítica doctrinaria de la política criminal y pena de muerte, en delitos que lesionen jurídicamente la integridad e indemnidad en niñas/os en Ecuador.
Authors: Ríos Ríos Kaherine Elizabeth , Ríos Carrión Augusto Napoleón , Ríos Robles Cisna Piedad
Published: February 2025

La violencia de género es un problema cultural en nuestro país, más aún, cuando se trata de conseguir que se cumplan los derechos de las niñas y niños, así como también el respeto al desarrollo integral de los mismos; el objetivo de este estudio, es analizar y realizar una mirada doctrinaria y jurídica a la política criminal de la pena de muerte para aquellos delitos que lesionen los bienes jurídicos de la integridad e indemnidad de las niñas y niños en el Ecuador; para ello se consideró el diseño de investigación descriptivo, relatando los diversos aspectos que conllevan a la temática planteada, se utiliza métodos como el científico, inductivo, deductivo, analítico, exegético y comparativo, acompañado de técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a los profesionales del derecho, considerando una muestra de 30 profesionales abogados y 5 entrevistas a psicólogos y padres de familia, sobre la reflexión de aplicar la pena de muerte para autores que cometan delitos graves, concluyendo en la importancia de realizar un estudio crítico y analizar sanciones drásticas, incluida la pena de muerte aplicada en algunos países del mundo, asegurando el efecto intimidatorio como prevención general y precautelando los derechos de las niñas y niños, por ende alcanzar un ambiente seguro para el desarrollo y desenvolvimiento de la sociedad.
Efectividad de los Programas de Intervención Psicopedagógica en Niños con Dificultades de Aprendizaje. Quevedo – Ecuador
Authors: Pilozo Intriago Luis Fernando , Vargas Salazar Alison Jazmin
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación analiza la efectividad de los programas de intervención psicopedagógica en niños con dificultades de aprendizaje en Quevedo, Ecuador. Utilizando un enfoque mixto, se realizaron evaluaciones antes y después de la implementación de estrategias personalizadas, integrando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 50 estudiantes en programas activos, y los datos fueron recopilados mediante pruebas diagnósticas, encuestas a docentes y padres, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observaciones directas. Los resultados mostraron un incremento del 75% en el rendimiento académico y mejoras significativas en la motivación y participación de los estudiantes. Factores como la personalización de estrategias y la implicación de actividades lúdicas fueron determinantes para el éxito de las intervenciones. Sin embargo, se identificaron retos como la insuficiencia de recursos, la necesidad de mayor capacitación docente y la limitada participación de las familias. La investigación subraya la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinario, sugiriendo estrategias que integren elementos tecnológicos y fortalezcan la colaboración entre escuelas y familias. Este trabajo proporciona un análisis contextualizado y aplicable a otros entornos con características similares, abriendo nuevas interrogantes sobre la sostenibilidad y el impacto a largo plazo de estas intervenciones.
El rol docente en el uso de la IA en el colegio San Lorenzo de la ciudad de Pilar año 2024
Authors: Villordo Portillo Teresa de Jesús
Published: February 2025

El artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar el rol docente en la integración y uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial (IA) en el proceso educativo, en el contexto del colegio San Lorenzo de la ciudad de Pilar, 2024. Para ello se adoptó una metodología con un enfoque cualitativo del tipo descriptivo, basado en la revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos y documentos relevantes. Los hallazgos identifican diversas herramientas de IA con potencial para optimizar el aprendizaje, destacándose aquellas que permiten una educación personalizada y adaptativa, en las que el docente tenga la capacidad de personalizar el aprendizaje y la habilidad para mediar entre los estudiantes y la tecnología. Asimismo, se reconoce que el uso de la IA facilita las actividades del docente, puesto que ayuda a realizar seguimientos a los estudiantes y captar las necesidades específicas de cada uno. El estudio también pone de relieve los principales desafíos que enfrentan los docentes y estudiantes, como brechas de acceso, debilitamiento de capacidades humanas, y resistencia al cambio. Se resalta la importancia de la formación continua del docente para garantizar una implementación efectiva y ética de la IA en la educación, contribuyendo así a mejorar la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Efecto de la Aspirina en la Prevención de la Preeclampsia. Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Cuenca Romero Karelys Alfonsina , Hidalgo Erique Mileny Lisseth , Agudo Gonzabay Maritza Brigida
Published: February 2025

La preeclampsia es un trastorno hipertensivo que surge durante la gestación caracterizado por elevación en la presión arterial y complicaciones como proteinuria, disfunción orgánica y úteroplacentaria. La aspirina, antiinflamatorio no esteroideo, es usada en la prevención de la preeclampsia. Esta revisión se desarrolla con el objetivo de establecer el efecto de la aspirina como medida preventiva en la preeclampsia en embarazadas a través de una revisión sistémica. El estudio es de caracter descriptivo-explicativo y se apoya en artículos provenientes de bases de datos científicas, que incluyen PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane y Google Académico, empleando términos clave como "aspirina", "preeclampsia" y "prevención". Los hallazgos sugieren que la administración de aspirina, particularmente en dosis bajas (81 mg/día), reduce significativamente la incidencia de preeclampsia y complicaciones asociadas, como parto prematuro y mortalidad perinatal. No obstante, persisten interrogantes sobre la dosis óptima y el momento ideal para su administración. La aspirina presenta un perfil de seguridad favorable y es una estrategia preventiva efectiva, aunque se requiere más estudios que permitan precisar las condiciones de su uso.
Factors Influencing Coconut Growers’ Decision-Making Process in Fertilizer Application through the Lens of Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Herath C. S. , Wijekoon Rusitha
Published: February 2025

The small-scale, poor, rural coconut growers in Sri Lanka are generally characterized by low productivity. The low yield of coconuts is primarily attributed to the improper application of fertilizers. The decision to apply fertilizer is mainly depends on the growers’ change in behaviour, in turn, influenced by the growers’ salient beliefs. Assessing the beliefs plays a significant role in understanding why farmers behave differently in making decisions regarding fertilizer application. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Theory of Self Determination (TSD) were employed to find a more realistic solution to the above research problem. Hence, the current research was carried out to observe the relationship between the beliefs of the coconut growers and their behaviour with respect to fertilizer application in coconut fields. Results of the study reveal that perceived behavioural control was the highest contributor to developing the intention followed by the attitude. Further, there is no influence from the social pressure for the intention development. Moreover, intrinsic motivation predicts the fertilizer application behaviour from intention in stronger strength than that of extrinsic motivation. Therefore, it can be concluded that motivation influences the intention-behavioural relationship. Consequently, it gives evidence for policymakers to introduce policy guidelines in order to enhance the use of fertilizer efficiently and effectively. And, motivation does have a moderating effect on coconut growers’ fertilizer application behaviour.
Ex situ conservation of Dyckia distachya: an endangered bromeliad from South Brazil
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome contains a high level of genetic diversity. Historically, several factors have contributed to the drastic reduction of its coverage, which is now restricted to less than 7%. Large forest areas have been cut down in Santa Catarina and Paraná states to make way for hydroelectric power plant dams, and many plant species are threatened to various degrees, especially the endemic. This is the case of the Dyckia distachya, bromeliad native to the rocky banks of the River Uruguay, which is threatened with extinction because of the construction of a dam for the Itá Hydroelectric power plant. The present study describes the plant’s most relevant characteristics and the results of ex-situ and in vitro conservation. Plants and seeds were collected and established ex-situ in the bromeliad germplasm bank. Seeds were germinated in the laboratory, and the resulting plants were conserved in vitro using the growth reduction technique. Both methodologies were considered adequate for germplasm conservation.
Bromeliad seed germination inductors, and inhibitors: A role of NaCl, low temperatures, gibberellic acid, and sulphuric acid on germination of Dyckia encholirioides (Gaudichaud) Mez var. encholirioides
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

Dyckia encholirioides (Gaudichaud) Mez var encholirioides is an endangered endemic bromeliad in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest running along the Atlantic Ocean. It is considered vulnerable because it has restricted, discontinuous clusters dispersed throughout central-southern Brazil and is listed as endemic to these regions. In this study, we investigated the role of seed storage in low-temperature gibberellic acid (GA3), as well as the effect of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), to enhance seed germination. Also, it was tested different salt levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mmol L-1 NaCl) under various temperature regimes (10-20°C, 15-25°C, 20-30°C, and 25-35°C), both in 12 hours of dark and 12 hours of light photoperiod and complete darkness on seed germination. We found that GA3 has little or no effect on seed germination promotion. In contrast, storage of the seeds at low temperatures efficiently promoted seed germination since its germination was delayed. The seed germination was almost 100% in all treatments with GA3 or lower temperatures and 80% with H2SO4 as a promoter. The mean germination time (MGT) in response to GA3 or cold ranged from 6 to 14 days, increasing as cold time increased. Under H2SO4, the MGT ranged from 4 to 9 days, with higher values in intermediate H2SO4 levels. Time exposure to H2SO4 progressively reduced seed germination. Under NaCl as a negative promotor, the highest seed germination rate was obtained at 0, 100, and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl at 20-30°C, and a further increase in salinity resulted in a gradual decrease in germination. Less than 5% of seeds germinated at 500 mmol L-1 NaCl. Salinity treatment at 15°-25°C was slightly inhibitory to the seed germination than the optimal temperature regime, whereas under both 10°-20ºC and 25°-35°C temperature regimes, seed germination was substantially reduced. Few seeds germinated at concentrations higher than 200 mmol L-1 NaCl. Germination rate was fastest at 20°-30°C and slowest at 10°-20°C. A low seed germination rate was obtained in the dark as compared to seeds germinated in a 12-hour photoperiod under saline conditions. Recovery experiments showed that exposure of seeds to various salinity and temperature regimes had little effect on viability, and seeds could successfully germinate after salt stress relief in D. encholirioides seeds.
Effect of 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on promoting roots on micropropagated Dyckia distachya Hassl.
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

Several studies of our research group have focused on several aspects of the developmental biology of Dyckia distachya Hassl., a terrestrial endemic and endangered bromeliad native to Brazil. This species, which is at risk of extinction due to the endangerment of its habitat, the Atlantic Forest, has functional roots that absorb nutrients from the soil. In the present research, we evaluated two methods of root induction, in vitro and ex vitro, using micropropagated shoots as explants. The results showed that the rooting of D. distachya shoots should be done in vitro using IAA with concentrations between 15 mM L-1 to 50 mM L-1. However, concentrations greater than 15 mM L-1 did not show a significant positive effect. Furthermore, a concentration of 15 mM L-1 IAA should not be used for more than 10 days in the induction phase since this auxin showed a significant presence of friable callus at the base of the explants. We also found that IBA can be used in concentrations not exceeding 15 mM L-1. The use of IBA proved to be more efficient in inducing roots per plant and in the length of the main root. However, IBA has an acquisition cost approximately 1.71-fold higher than AIA; therefore, the cost/benefit must be assessed carefully.
Prosopis juliflora seed germination: Effect of physical and chemical scarification and effect of osmotic and water stress on seed germination
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

The study examines the germination process of Prosopis juliflora, a highly invasive species in arid and semiarid regions such as Brazil’s Caatinga. This species poses ecological risks by outcompeting native flora, thereby impacting biodiversity. Yet, it also provides essential resources like fuel and fodder in economically vulnerable areas. Here, we highlight the effectiveness of chemical scarification, especially with sulfuric acid, in breaking seed dormancy, leading to rapid and synchronized germination. Addi-tionally, P. juliflora seeds demonstrate notable tolerance to saline and arid conditions, though germination rates vary signifi-cantly between osmotic stress treatments, particularly PEG and NaCl. High NaCl levels inhibit germination less severely than PEG, showing that P. juliflora may better endure salinity over osmotic stress. The germination and recovery patterns under vary-ing environmental stresses indicate adaptive resilience, contributing to its invasive success. Insights from these germination mechanisms can guide management strategies aimed at controlling its spread while potentially leveraging its adaptive traits in ecological restoration.
Desert species: seed germination, ecological achievement, and land area protection
Authors: Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of seasonal variations on seed germination, dormancy, and ecological strategies in desert-adapted grasses and halophytes. Using species such as Chloria virgata, Coelachyrum brevifolium, Cenchrus ciliaris, Pennisetum divisum, Panicum turgidum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, and Halothamnus iraqensis, the research evaluates germination parameters under varying temperature regimes, light conditions, and seed bank types. Results revealed that seeds matured in summer exhibited higher mass, synchrony, and germination rates than winter-matured seeds, which displayed greater dormancy. Physical barriers like winged perianths significantly reduced germination, with de-winged seeds showing a marked improvement. Aerial seed banks demonstrated higher germination rates than soil seed banks, emphasizing their role in maintaining seed viability and supporting population dynamics under fluctuating conditions. Photoblastic responses varied, with species like C. ciliaris showing positive photoblasticity, while others displayed neutral or negative responses. These findings underscore the adaptive mechanisms desert plants employ to optimize germination timing, enhance survival, and support ecological restoration. The research highlights practical implications for rangeland rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of understanding seed dormancy and germination dynamics in arid ecosystems.
Advances in the Morphophysiological and Biochemical Characterization of Stevia rebaudiana: Insights from the Germplasm Bank at the University of Córdoba
Authors: Rodríguéz-Páez Luis Alfonso , Pompelli Marcelo F. , Jarma-Orozco Alfredo , Jaraba-Navas Juán de Diós , Pineda-Rodríguez Yirlis Yadeth
Published: February 2025

The germplasm Bank of Stevia rebaudiana segregants at the University of Córdoba serves as a vital resource for harnessing genetic vari-ability to enhance crop performance. This collection includes genotypes exhibiting desirable traits such as high tolerance to salinity and climate change (elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels), late flowering, erect growth habit, and elevated steviol glycoside content. Despite these advantages, detailed investigations of key morphophysiological and biochemical indicators—such as gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chloroplast pigments, and antioxidant systems—are limited, hindering the development of early selection tools for elite genotypes. Our study identified genotypes L020, Morita II, and L102 as possessing elite characteristics, including high water-use effi-ciency, superior biomass production, and enhanced antioxidant system robustness compared to L057 and L082. Genotype L020 exhib-ited the highest levels of stevioside and rebaudioside A, followed by Morita II. A strong correlation was observed between electron transport rates and mechanisms promoting photosystem stability. Additionally, non-photochemical quenching, mediated by heat dissi-pation in leaves, was corroborated by the enhanced activity of the xanthophyll cycle, which protects photochemical complexes. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of selection criteria in S. rebaudiana breeding programs.
Comparative Analysis of Flow in U-Turn Rectangular Ducts with Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Arira Muhammad Farras , Rajani Ahmad , Saputra Randy Erfa , Sunardi Ariyawan , Akhdiyatullah Ginting Syahrahman , Subagio Dalmasius Ganjar , Subekti Ridwan Arief , Santosa Arifin , Kusnadi Kusnadi , Fudholi Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Fluid flow within U-turn rectangular ducts plays a significant role in engineering applications, particularly in heat exchangers. Efficient design and optimization of these ducts are crucial for achieving optimal performance, especially concerning heat transfer. Previous research has predominantly utilized experimental methods to study flow behaviour in U-turn ducts, focusing on factors such as pressure loss and heat transfer. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has also been employed to explore flow characteristics, revealing the influence of parameters such as Reynolds number and gap size on flow behaviour. However, a detailed investigation into the flow structure within U-turn ducts has been lacking. To address this gap, this study employs Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) to conduct a thorough investigation of flow in U-turn rectangular ducts. The study is conducted by varying the Reynolds numbers from 100 to 2000 and the gap size from 50% to 150% of the duct inlet diameter. Based on the simulation, it is found three distinct flow modes: Mode 1, representing attached laminar flow; Mode 2, representing detached laminar flow; and Mode 3, representing attached vortices flow. Of the three models, it is known that high Re numbers and narrow gaps have good heat transfer performance. These findings offer crucial guidance for designing efficient U-turn duct systems and lay the foundation for future research exploring more complex flow scenarios.
Model Green Human Resource Management: Concept and Implementing
Authors: Febrian Wenny Desty
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this literature research is expected to help hypothesize for future authors in determining research related to green HRM. The research article Green Human Resource Management Model: Concept and Implementing is a scientific literature article in the scope of human resource management. The approach used in this literature review research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are using literature studies or conducting literature reviews of relevant previous articles. The data used in this research is secondary data, which comes from academic online media such as Thomson Reuters Journals, Sage, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Springer, Web of Science, Sinta Journals, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar and digital reference books. In previous studies, 1 relevant previous article was used to review each independent variable. The results of this literature review article are: 1) Green Reward affects Green HRM; 2) Green Training affects Green HRM; 3) Green Behavior affects Green HRM; 4) Leader Commitment affects Green HRM; and 5) Organizational Culture has an effect on Green HRM.
La revolución industrial de la caficultura 4.0 en la lucha contra las plagas del café
Authors: Benavides Pablo
Published: February 2025

Presentación de la Revolución Industrial 4.0 en la caficultura, enfocándose en la lucha contra la Broca del café. Pablo Benavides, ingeniero agrónomo y experto en entomología, explica la historia y la biología de este insecto, que ha devastado cultivos de café en Colombia desde su llegada en 1988. Destaca la importancia de la temperatura en la reproducción de la Broca y cómo la agricultura 4.0 puede ofrecer soluciones tecnológicas para su manejo, incluyendo el uso de drones y modelos predictivos de infestación. Benavides aboga por un enfoque sostenible y el desarrollo de aplicaciones que faciliten el monitoreo y control de esta plaga, mejorando así la producción cafetera.
Pengaruh Live Shopping Shop Tokopedia @Npureofficial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Skincare
Authors: Aghniya Putri Septia H  , Yanti Tayo  , Tri Widya Budhiharti
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of Shop Tokopedia live shopping on purchasing decisions for N'Pure Skincare. The theory used is AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) by Elias St. Elmo Lewis. The research method use is a quantitative method with data collection in the form of a questionnaire distributed to followers of the TikTok account @npureofficial with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The data analysis methods used include normality test, simple linear regression test, partial test (t), and coefficient of determination test (R2). The data was tested using IBM SPPS Statistics 30 software. The research results show that Shop Tokopedia live shopping has a significant influence on purchasing decisions for N'Pure skincare products by 61.9% and the remaining 38.1% is influenced by other factors.
Development of a method of surface water content research using ultraviolet rays
Authors: Abdullayev Seidulla , Abdykadyrov Askar , Marxuly Sunggat , Bakyt Gabit , Baikenzheyeva Aigul , Sarsanbekov Kurmangazy
Published: February 2025

It is known that the process of water treatment in surface water bodies requires the development of advanced and effective technologies for the destruction of harmful microorganisms and viruses. The aim of the present study is to develop a method for the investigation of surface water content. As a result of the study, the electronic circuit of the purification device using ultraviolet rays was developed. The energy and spectral characteristics were experimentally investigated and the economic efficiency of the ultraviolet ray device was determined, taking into account the basic sanitary and hygienic requirements for the organisation of ultraviolet water disinfection. It is substantiated, that the developed scheme provides safety of conditions of work of the personnel with the equipment.
Metallicity and α-abundance for 48 Million Stars in Low-extinction Regions in the Milky Way
Authors: Hattori Kohei
Published: February 2025

We estimate ([M/H], [α/M]) for 48 million giants and dwarfs in low-dust extinction regions from the Gaia DR3 XP spectra by using tree-based machine learning models trained on APOGEE DR17 and a metal-poor star sample from Li et al. The root mean square error of our estimation is 0.0890 dex for [M/H] and 0.0436 dex for [α/M], when we evaluate our models on the test data that are not used in training the models. Because the training data is dominated by giants, our estimation is most reliable for giants. The high-[α/M] stars and low-[α/M] stars selected by our ([M/H], [α/M]) show different kinematical properties for giants and low-temperature dwarfs. We further investigate how our machine learning models extract information on ([M/H], [α/M]). Intriguingly, we find that our models seem to extract information on [α/M] from Na D lines (589 nm) and Mg i line (516 nm). This result is understandable given the observed correlation between Na and Mg abundances in the literature. The catalog of ([M/H], [α/M]) as well as their associated uncertainties is publicly available.
Insights into the Properties of Type Ibn/Icn Supernovae and Their Progenitor Channels through X-Ray Emission
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Maeda Keiichi
Published: February 2025

Type Ibn/Icn supernovae (SNe Ibn/Icn), which are characterized by narrow helium or carbon lines that originated in hydrogen-poor dense circumstellar medium (CSM), provide new insights into the final evolution of massive stars. While SNe Ibn/Icn are expected to emit strong X-rays through the strong supernova (SN)-CSM interaction, the X-ray emission modeling effort has been limited so far. In the present study, we provide broad-band X-ray light curve (LC) predictions for SNe Ibn/Icn. We find that the soft X-ray LC provides information about the CSM compositions, while the hard X-ray LC is a robust measure of the CSM density, the explosion energy, and the ejecta mass. In addition, considering the evolution of the ionization state in the unshocked CSM, a bright soft X-ray is expected in the first few days since the explosion, which encourages rapid X-ray follow-up observations as a tool to study the nature of SNe Ibn/Icn. Applying our model to the soft X-ray LCs of SNe Ibn 2006jc and 2022ablq, we derive that the CSM potentially contains a larger fraction of carbon and oxygen for SN 2006jc than 2022ablq, highlighting the power of the soft X-ray modeling to address the nature of the CSM. We also discuss detectability and observational strategy, with which the currently operating telescopes such as NuSTAR and Swift can offer an irreplaceable opportunity to explore the nature of these enigmatic rapid transients and their still-unclarified progenitor channel(s).
Striking a Chord with Spectral Sirens: Multiple Features in the Compact Binary Population Correlate with H0
Authors: Mali Utkarsh , Essick Reed
Published: February 2025

Spectral siren measurements of the Hubble constant (H
0) rely on correlations between observed detector-frame masses and luminosity distances. Features in the source-frame mass distribution can induce these correlations. It is crucial, then, to understand (i) which features in the source-frame mass distribution are robust against model (re)parameterization, (ii) which features carry the most information about H
0, and (iii) whether distinct features independently correlate with cosmological parameters. We study these questions using real gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations' third observing run. Although constraints on H
0 are weak, we find that current data reveals several prominent features in the mass distribution, including peaks in the binary black hole source-frame mass distribution near ∼9M
⊙ and ∼32M
⊙ and a roll-off at masses above ∼46M⊙. For the first time using real data, we show that all of these features carry cosmological information and that the peak near ∼32M
⊙ consistently correlates with H
0 most strongly. Introducing model-independent summary statistics, we show that these statistics independently correlate with H
0, exactly what is required to limit systematics within future spectral siren measurements from the (expected) astrophysical evolution of the mass distribution.
Associations between Scattering Screens and Interstellar Medium Filaments
Authors: Stock Ashley M. , van Kerkwijk Marten H.
Published: February 2025

Pulsar scintillation can be used to measure small-scale structure in the Galaxy, but little is known about the specific interstellar medium (ISM) features that cause scintillation. We searched for ISM counterparts to all scintillation screens for which absolute distances and scattering orientations have been measured—a sample of 12 pulsars and 22 screens. For one pulsar, PSR J0737–3039A, we reanalyze its scintillation screen and find evidence for a highly anisotropic screen. Comparisons with tracers of ionized media did not find any new associations. Instead, for seven of the pulsars analyzed, aligned H i filaments are seen for at least one of their screens, for a total of 12 out of 22 screens. This result seems unlikely to be due to chance: Comparing with random trials, we estimate a likelihood of finding 12 or more screens with aligned emission by chance of only 0.004%. Estimating the significance of the amount of aligned emission (in standard deviations over the mean), the probability of finding as much observed aligned emission by chance is larger, at 1.7%, but still indicative of a real correlation. Since H i filaments are preferentially associated with cold neutral gas, and thus unlikely to cause scintillation, this may indicate that both the filaments and the screens are aligned preferentially by the same mechanisms, such as magnetic fields or shocks.
The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS
Authors: Wang Xin , Teplitz Harry I. , Smith Brent M. , Windhorst Rogier A. , Rafelski Marc , Mehta Vihang , Alavi Anahita , Ji Zhiyuan , Brammer Gabriel , Colbert James , Grogin Norman , Hathi Nimish P. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Prichard Laura , Scarlata Claudia , Sunnquist Ben , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Conselice Christopher , Gawiser Eric , Guo Yicheng , Hayes Matthew , Jansen Rolf A. , Lucas Ray A. , O’Connell Robert , Robertson Brant , Rutkowski Michael , Siana Brian , Vanzella Eros , Ashcraft Teresa , Bagley Micaela , Baronchelli Ivano , Barro Guillermo , Blanche Alex , Broussard Adam , Carleton Timothy , Chartab Nima , Cheng Yingjie , Codoreanu Alex , Cohen Seth , Dai Y. Sophia , Darvish Behnam , Davé Romeel , DeGroot Laura , De Mello Duilia , Dickinson Mark , Emami Najmeh , Ferguson Henry , Ferreira Leonardo , Finkelstein Keely , Finkelstein Steven , Gardner Jonathan P. , Gburek Timothy , Giavalisco Mauro , Grazian Andrea , Gronwall Caryl , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Howell Justin , Iyer Kartheik , Kaviraj Sugata , Kurczynski Peter , Lazar Ilin , MacKenty John , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Martin Alec , Martin Garreth , McCabe Tyler , Mobasher Bahram , Nedkova Kalina , Olsen Charlotte , Otteson Lillian , Ravindranath Swara , Redshaw Caleb , Sattari Zahra , Soto Emmaris , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Zabelle Bonnabelle ,   the UVCANDELS team
Published: February 2025

The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction (

f

esc

abs

) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. Our stacking benefits from the catalogs of high-quality spectroscopic redshifts compiled from archival ground-based data and HST slitless spectroscopy, carefully vetted by dedicated visual inspection efforts. We develop a robust stacking method to apply to 10 samples of in total 56 galaxies, and perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation, to take into account the sample variance of the mean IGM transmission when measuring

f

esc

abs

. The full stack at z ≈ 2.44 from 28 galaxies places a stringent 1σ upper limit of

f

esc

abs

≲
5
%

, whereas the full stack at z ≈ 2.72 of an equal number of galaxies gives an upper limit of

f

esc

abs

≲
26
%

at 1σ confidence level. These new F275W and F435W imaging mosaics from UVCANDELS have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
Differentiating the Acceleration Mechanisms in the Slow and Alfvénic Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Rivera Yeimy J. , Badman Samuel T. , Verniero J. L. , Varesano Tania , Stevens Michael L. , Stawarz Julia E. , Reeves Katharine K. , Raines Jim M. , Raymond John C. , Owen Christopher J. , Livi Stefano A. , Lepri Susan T. , Landi Enrico , Halekas Jasper. S. , Ervin Tamar , Dewey Ryan M. , De Marco Rossana , D’Amicis Raffaella , Dakeyo Jean-Baptiste , Bale Stuart D. , Alterman B. L.
Published: February 2025

In the corona, plasma is accelerated to hundreds of kilometers per second and heated to temperatures hundreds of times hotter than the Sun's surface before it escapes to form the solar wind. Decades of space-based experiments have shown that the energization process does not stop after it escapes. Instead, the solar wind continues to accelerate, and it cools far more slowly than a freely expanding adiabatic gas. Recent work suggests that fast solar wind requires additional momentum beyond what can be provided by the observed thermal pressure gradients alone, whereas it is sufficient for the slowest wind. The additional acceleration for fast wind can be provided through an Alfvén wave pressure gradient. Beyond this fast/slow categorization, however, a subset of slow solar wind exhibits high Alfvénicity that suggests that Alfvén waves could play a larger role in its acceleration compared to conventional slow wind outflows. Through a well-timed conjunction between Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we trace the energetics of slow wind to compare with a neighboring Alfvénic slow solar wind stream. An analysis that integrates remote and heliospheric properties and modeling of the two distinct solar wind streams finds that Alfvénic slow solar wind behaves like fast wind, where a wave pressure gradient is required to reconcile its full acceleration, while non-Alfvénic slow wind can be driven by its nonadiabatic electron and proton thermal pressure gradients. Derived coronal conditions of the source region indicate good model compatibility, but extended coronal observations are required to effectively trace solar wind energetics below PSP's orbit.
Neutrino-dominated Relativistic Viscous Accretion Flows around Rotating Black Holes with Shocks
Authors: Kumar Amit , Chakrabarti Sayan , Das Santabrata
Published: February 2025

We investigate the relativistic, viscous, advective neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) around rotating stellar-mass black holes, incorporating neutrino cooling. By adopting an effective potential to describe the spacetime geometry around the rotating black holes, we self-consistently solve the governing NDAF equations to obtain global transonic accretion solutions. Our findings indicate that, depending on the model parameters, namely, energy (ε), angular momentum (λ), accretion rate (

m

̇

), viscosity (α), and black hole spin (a
k), NDAFs may harbor standing shocks where the Rankine–Hugoniot shock conditions are satisfied. Utilizing these shock-induced NDAF solutions, we compute the neutrino luminosity (L

ν
) and neutrino annihilation luminosity (

L

ν

ν

¯

) across a wide range of model parameters. We further calculate maximum neutrino luminosity (

L

ν

max

) and neutrino annihilation luminosity (

L

ν

ν

¯

max

), resulting in

L

ν

max

∼
1

0

51
−
53

erg s−1 (1048−51 erg s−1) and

L

ν

ν

¯

max

∼
1

0

48
−
52

erg s−1 (1042−49 erg s−1) for a
k = 0.99 (0.0). These findings suggest that shocked NDAF solutions are potentially promising to explain the energy output of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We employ our NDAF model formalism to elucidate

L

ν

ν

¯

obs

for five GRBs with known redshifts and estimate their accretion rate (

m

̇

) based on the spin (a
k) of the central source of the GRBs studied here.
APOKASC-3: The Third Joint Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic Catalog for Evolved Stars in the Kepler Fields
Authors: Pinsonneault Marc H. , Zinn Joel C. , Tayar Jamie , Serenelli Aldo , García Rafael A. , Mathur Savita , Vrard Mathieu , Elsworth Yvonne P. , Mosser Benoit , Stello Dennis , Bell Keaton J. , Bugnet Lisa , Corsaro Enrico , Gaulme Patrick , Hekker Saskia , Hon Marc , Huber Daniel , Kallinger Thomas , Cao Kaili , Johnson Jennifer A. , Liagre Bastien , Patton Rachel A. , Santos Ângela R. G. , Basu Sarbani , Beck Paul G. , Beers Timothy C. , Chaplin William J. , Cunha Katia , Frinchaboy Peter M. , Girardi Léo , Godoy-Rivera Diego , Holtzman Jon A. , Jönsson Henrik , Mészáros Szabolcs , Reyes Claudia , Rix Hans-Walter , Shetrone Matthew , Smith Verne V. , Spoo Taylor , Stassun Keivan G. , Wang Ji
Published: February 2025

In the third APOKASC catalog, we present data for the complete sample of 15,808 evolved stars with APOGEE spectroscopic parameters and Kepler asteroseismology. We used 10 independent asteroseismic analysis techniques and anchor our system on fundamental radii derived from Gaia L and spectroscopic T
eff. We provide evolutionary state, asteroseismic surface gravity, mass, radius, age, and the data used to derive them for 12,418 stars. This includes 10,036 exceptionally precise measurements, with median fractional uncertainties in

ν

max

, Δν, mass, radius, and age of 0.6%, 0.6%, 3.8%, 1.8%, and 11.1%, respectively. We provide more limited data for 1624 additional stars that either have lower-quality data or are outside of our primary calibration domain. Using lower red giant branch (RGB) stars, we find a median age for the chemical thick disk of 9.14 ± 0.05(ran) ± 0.9(sys) Gyr with an age dispersion of 1.1 Gyr, consistent with our error model. We calibrate our red clump (RC) mass loss to derive an age consistent with the lower RGB and provide asymptotic GB and RGB ages for luminous stars. We also find a sharp upper-age boundary in the chemical thin disk. We find that scaling relations are precise and accurate on the lower RGB and RC, but they become more model dependent for more luminous giants and break down at the tip of the RGB. We recommend the use of multiple methods, calibration to a fundamental scale, and the use of stellar models to interpret frequency spacings.
ExoMolHR: A Relational Database of Empirical High-resolution Molecular Spectra
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Hill Christian , Tennyson Jonathan , Yurchenko Sergei N.
Published: February 2025

ExoMolHR is an empirical, high-resolution molecular spectrum calculator for the high-temperature molecular line lists available from the ExoMol molecular database. Uncertainties, where available, in recommended ExoMol data sets are used to select highly accurate spectral lines. These lines largely rely on empirical energy levels generated through the MARVEL procedure, which is being systematically used to improve the energy and transition data provided by the ExoMol database. The freely accessible ExoMolHR database provides line positions with calculated intensities for a user-specified wavenumber/wavelength range and temperature. Spectra can be plotted on the ExoMolHR website https://www.exomol.com/exomolhr/ or downloaded as a .csv file. Cross sections can be calculated using the Python program PyExoCross. The ExoMolHR database currently provides 24,307,135 spectral lines for 33 molecules and 58 isotopologues; these numbers will increase as the ExoMol database is updated.
Pearls on a String: Dark and Bright Galaxies on a Strikingly Straight and Narrow Filament
Authors: Arabsalmani M. , Roychowdhury S. , Schneider B. , Springel V. , Floc’h E. Le , Bournaud F. , Burkert A. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Duc P.-A. , Emsellem E. , Galárraga-Espinosa D. , Pian E. , Renaud F. , Zwaan M. A.
Published: February 2025

We identify a chain of galaxies along an almost straight line in the nearby Universe with a projected length of ~5 Mpc. The galaxies are distributed within projected distances of only 7–105 kpc from the axis of the identified filament. They have redshifts in a very small range of z = 0.0361−0.0370 so that their radial velocities are consistent with galaxy proper motions. The filament galaxies are mainly star forming and have stellar masses in a range of 109.1−1010.7
M
⊙. We search for systems with similar geometrical properties in the full-sky mock galaxy catalog of the MillenniumTNG simulations and find that, although such straight filaments are unusual and rare, they are predicted by ΛCDM simulations (4% incidence). We study the cold H i gas in a 1.3 Mpc section of the filament through H i 21 cm emission line observations and detect 11 H i sources, many more than expected from the H i mass function in a similar volume. They have H i masses 108.5−109.5
M
⊙ and are mostly within ~120 kpc projected distance from the filament axis. None of these H i sources has a confirmed optical counterpart. Their darkness together with their large H i 21 cm line widths indicates that they contain gas that might not yet be virialized. These clouds must be marking the peaks of the dark matter and H i distributions over large scales within the filament. The presence of such gas clouds around the filament spines is predicted by simulations, but this is the first time that the existence of such clouds in a filament is observationally confirmed.
The Early Post-outburst Infrared Spectrum of the Stellar Merger V1309 Scorpii (Nova Scorpii 2008)
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Russell Ray W. , Lynch David K. , Sitko Michael L.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present a 0.8–2.4 μm spectrum of the stellar merger V1309 Scorpii (Nova Scorpii 2008). The spectrum was acquired within three days of discovery and a day before maximum light and has the appearance of a F supergiant. It is dominated by H i line absorptions and closely mimicks that of a classical novae with a massive ejected shell shortly after outburst. The spectrum also displays Fe ii features—all in emission—and absorption lines due to C i, S i and Ca ii. Weak molecular absorption from carbon monoxide may also be present.
Portuguese terrestrial mammals in Portuguese Natural History Collections: an assessment of their taxonomic, geographic and temporal patterns
Authors: Santos Bruna S. , Ceríaco Luis M. P.
Published: February 2025

Natural History Collections (NHCs) constitute the world’s largest repositories of long-term biodiversity datasets and are fundamental in tackling the questions of modern science, amongst which is species conservation. To do so, NHCs rely on specimen collection and voucher deposition, which, in recent decades, have seen a drastic decline. As part of an ongoing project to review the Portuguese zoological collections in the country’s NHCs, mammal data from its three major museums and smaller collections were compiled and analysed to understand the coverage and representation of the different taxa extant in Portugal. We found that the collections are not taxonomically, geographically or temporally complete. Approximately 86% of Portuguese mammalian species are represented in the country’s NHCs, but more than two-thirds of the taxa are represented by less than 50 specimens. Geographically, the collections cover little over 40% of the country’s territory and more than half the occurring taxa have less than 10% of their known distributions represented in the collections. A third of the taxa represented in the collections is considered threatened, yet only accounts for 15% of all specimens. A review on the status of Portuguese mammal collections is presented here, as well as a call to attention on the implications of incomplete collections towards fundamental research.
Differences in phenotypes of normal and malignant cells concerning chromosomal fragility and ganglioside expression
Authors: Sainova Iskra , Kolyovska Vera , Drenska Desislava , Maslarov Dimitar , Dimitrova-Dikanarova Dimitrina , Markova Tzvetanka
Published: February 2025

The spontaneous chromosomal fragility was tested by light microscopy observation of metaphases from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 8 patients with malignancies and of 8 healthy controls. In the tested patients, a significantly higher frequency of the spontaneous chromosomal fragility was observed compared to the controls, especially in the centromere chromosomal regions. Of particular interest were interactions involving gangliosides, the reduced form of tri-peptide glutathione (GSH) and/or of tumor-suppressor protein HACE1. The average titers of gangliosides and of anti-ganglioside antibodies in extracts from experimental in vitro models of laboratory-incubated cultures of mouse embryonic 3T3 fibroblasts, of mouse malignant myeloma cells, as well as of mixed cultures of both cellular types, were determined after previous passing of each one through GSH-agarose columns about the “selection” of the molecules in each one of the described samples, possessing affinity to GSH. Additionally, the presence and expression of the tumor-suppressor gene HACE-1 in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and malignant human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, both containing an additional copy of this gene, inserted by transfection with appropriate recombinant DNA vectors containing a copy of the tumor-suppressor gene, were tested. The developed experimental in vitro models show specific intermolecular interactions, which could prevent the disease development. Furthermore, a possibility about the production of antibodies/immunoglobulins by non-lymphoid cellular types was shown. Because the antibodies produced in this manner are outside the germinal centers in the specialized lymphoid tissues and organs, the control of their functions by small ions and molecules, such as gangliosides, is important.