bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the aging factor on the reliability of agricultural machinery
Authors: Myalo O V , Prokopov S P , Myalo V V
Published: January 2022

In the course of time a number of machine significant changes related to machine aging occur. The reasons for these changes are quite diverse. They are inevitable and irreversible in the time process of a gradual transition of the machine to a lower qualitative state. The article contains the data about the change in the indicators of no-failure and repairability of tractors (average restoration time) in the before-repair and between-repairs periods, which should be considered as a result of their aging. Data on the ratio of the lifetime of units and parts indicate the decisive role of the aging factor, but the lifetime can be strongly influenced by the assembly technology and the main thing - the run-in of parts. The degree of the aging of a machine can be estimated by reducing the lifetime of components, MTBF, machine productivity, etc., in the form of an aging factor, Kc. It shows how many times the lifetime of the part replaced in the machine is less than the nominal lifetime of the original part. The MTBF of the ageing machine is less than that of the new machine, or the labor input for the restoration of the old machine is greater than that of the new machine. By determining the aging rate of the parts to be replaced over the time interval under consideration, we constructed an aging function. The aging process of agricultural machinery was evaluated by the time and moment of resistance to unscrewing the uncoated threaded joints with a service life of 0.2 to 4 years. According to the obtained distribution functions, the average time increases with increasing service life, and the moment of resistance to unscrewing approaches the maximum values. With a service life of more than 4 years, the number of non-disassembled bolt connections, which break at the moment of unscrewing, increases, and the maintenance time also increases. The dynamics of the aging factors of threaded connections can be represented in the form of quadratic functions.
Agro-ecological assessment of the soil cover of the forest zone in Omsk region
Authors: Nezhevlyak O , Bobrenko E , Dolgova D , Korolev A
Published: January 2022

The study is based on the agro-ecological assessment of the main soils of the forest zone in Omsk region. Agro-ecological regions and categories of natural and economic assessment of soils are distinguished: from very low (less than 25) to low (up to 75) score. The agro-ecological assessment of the most common soils of the forest zone enabled ranking the soils in descending order by scores and by the natural resource potential: dark gray forest – soddy-podzolic - podzol – floodplain – meadow-boggy – boggy soils. The main arable soils of the forest zone are sod-podzolic and gray forest soils. The agro-ecological assessment score of sod-podzolic soils vary from 19 to 54 depending on the natural economic zone, and gray forest soil scores vary from 40 to 73.
Agro-ecological characteristics of arable soils of the forest-steppe and steppe in Omsk region
Authors: Nezhevlyak O , Bobrenko E , Korolev A , Dolgova D
Published: January 2022

The study is based on the results of agro-ecological assessment of the main arable soils of the forest-steppe and steppe zones in Omsk region. Agro-ecological regions and categories of natural and economic score of lands are determined: from medium (50–75) to very high (more than 175) score, with focus on Irtysh as a region with a lowered score. The agro-ecological assessment of the main arable soils of the forest-steppe and steppe zones enabled ranking the soils in descending order by scores and by favorable natural conditions of the zone: leached chernozems – ordinary chernozems – carbonate chernozems – podzolized chernozems – brackish chernozems – meadow-black-chernozems and gray forest solodized – deep and medium saline soil. The main arable soils of the forest-steppe and steppe zones are ordinary chernozems, southern chernozems, and meadow chernozems. The agro-ecological score of ordinary chernozems varies from 69 to 196 depending on the natural economic zone, southern chernozems – from 62 to 146, and meadow chernozems – from 52 to 146.
Analysis of design features and test results of fractional grain cleaners
Authors: Chernyshov A V , Orobinsky V I , Baskakov I V , Gievsky A M , Gulevsky V A
Published: January 2022

Stable preservation of sown areas for agricultural production in the Russian Federation is crucial for increasing the gross grain yield. Only high-quality seeds with a low level of injury during harvesting and post-harvest processing will provide a significant increase in the yield of crops. Weediness of the grain heap decreases the yield up to 40 … 60%. According to long-term data, weediness of the grain heap in the natural and climatic regions of the CIS is 6.0 … 15.0%. Moisture during threshing is 16.0 … 20.0%, and in unfavorable years it can reach 22.0 … 25.0%. A safe storage period for such a heap is fairly limited and can attain several hours. Impurities of organic origin with the moisture content of 50.0 … 80.0% have a negative effect on the grain heap safe storage and the quality indicators of seeds. The study carried out during secondary cleaning show that the OZF-50 and OZF-80 machines provide the required productivity of 10.27 t/h and 20.40 t/h, respectively. With this productivity, the main crop content is 99.22 and 99.61%. The content of weed seeds is 3 and 5 pcs/kg, while the grinding of grain meets the technical specifications and attains 0.12 and 0.15% for the above machines. The results of regular periodic tests of the new generation OZF machines show show that all operational and technological indicators and performance indicators of the machines meet the requirements of technical specifications. The developed new fractional grain cleaners ensure the production of original seeds in accordance with GOST R52325-2005.
Environmental assessment of land as a basis for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use
Authors: Petrov M A , Sokolova E V , Yudina E V , Zakharova T I , Parshukova S S
Published: January 2022

Today, in agricultural land use, there is an increase in environmental problems, deterioration of environmental indicators, which negatively affect the economy of the agro-industrial complex. Elimination of negative environmental consequences often requires huge financial costs, which significantly exceed the costs of maintaining and protecting the environment, as a result of which production yield and the profitability of individual enterprises decreases, as well as the efficacy of the industry as a whole. The only way to preserve soil quality is to introduce economic mechanisms for greening land use, the most important of which is the environmental assessment of land. The aim of the research was to develop a concept for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use based on environmental land assessment. The presented two-stage methodology for assessing the ecological state of arable land made it possible to reflect the nature and degree of manifestation of negative processes, as well as to establish the degree of anthropogenic impact on agricultural landscapes. The materials of the conducted environmental assessment served as an objective basis for the development of the concept of rational and environmentally sustainable land use within the boundaries of the municipal district and made it possible to formulate measures to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the use of arable land by agricultural enterprises.
Increasing performance of feed grinder in obtaining pelleted sunflower cake
Authors: Priporov I E
Published: January 2022

One of the options for improving the protein feed (the feed in the form of sunflower cake) grinders, for which Russian Federation patent No. 2648392 was obtained, is the modernization of the working surface of knife packages. They include knives in the form of an Archimedes Arbelo curvilinear triangle with saw-edged teeth along the perimeter of its entire surface of cutting edges. This will reduce the energy intensity of the process and improve the grinding quality. In literary sources, the values of the performance quantities and the energy intensity of the grinder in obtaining pelleted sunflower cake are absent. As a result of mathematical modeling of the grinding process of sunflower cake in the pelleted form, the optimal parameters of the studied factors were determined. In the indicated ranges of factors changing, the obtaining of pelleted sunflower cake is provided, it meets the zootechnical requirements for cattle with a minimum energy intensity of the grinding process E = 1.03 kWh/t and its performance W = 2.3 t/h.
Theoretical determination of the probability of a particle passing through an oblong opening of a sieve of grain cleaning machines for cleaning agricultural crops
Authors: Sabiev U K , Golovin A Y , Soyunov A S , Demchuk E V
Published: January 2022

The work of produced domestic grain cleaning machines is based on the reciprocating motion of the sieve mills. The increase in the productivity of such machines by traditional methods has exhausted itself. Therefore, agricultural enterprises of the country of various forms of ownership need high-performance innovative grain cleaning machines for post-harvest grain processing. The article studies the various methods and solutions that affect the intensity of the grain separation process and increase the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the operation of grain cleaning machines. According to the performed theoretical studies, the completeness of separation on the surface of the sieve depends on the probability of the passage of the grain through the oblong hole of the flat sieve, located at an angle, when interacting with the long edge, performing reciprocating oscillations. It is theoretically determined that in the range α’ from 0 to 20° the probability of the passage of a particle increases from 0.315 to 0.548 or by 1.7 times. At the same time, as shown by the production check of the operation of the sieves of the proposed design, the productivity of the grain cleaning machine increased by 23 %, and the quality of cleaning the grain mixture meets the agrotechnical requirements.
Veterinary and sanitary examination of poultry meat contaminated with pseudomonosis
Authors: Seregin I G , Kozak Yu A , Kozak S S , Zabolotnykh M V
Published: January 2022

The article presents materials on veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of broiler meat experimentally contaminated with pseudomonosis. The clinical and pathological manifestation of the disease was studied in experiments on chickens of 40-55 days of age. The results identify the deviations in the commodity and organoleptic parameters of meat, in the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscles, in microbial contamination and harmlessness of meat infected with pseudomonosis of broilers, in comparison with the meat of healthy chickens. Proposals have been developed for veterinary and sanitary assessment and the most rational use of poultry meat contaminated with pseudomonosis.
Estimating the reliability of forestry machine elements with possibility theory application
Authors: Skobtsov I G , Shilovskiy V N , Dobrynina O L
Published: January 2022

The working conditions of forestry machines differ from those of agricultural machines. The presence of obstacles during the clearing of forest areas increases loading of machine components and assemblies and, consequently, leads to their failures. This paper deals with an improvement of probabilistic methods of forestry machine design by applying fracture mechanics and possibility theory. The main fracture mechanics expressions linking stress intensity factor with crack-like defect length are presented in the introduction. Fracture toughness and crack-like defect length are viewed as Gaussian random values, maximum applied stress is presented as a fuzzy variable with unknown distribution law in the second part of the paper. Analytical equations for reliability evaluation are obtained by estimation of upper and lower bounds of reliability function. The real value of reliability function is located within this interval. The proposed approach may be applied to give recommendations for engineering of forestry machine and equipment elements in the case of limited statistical information.
Influence of seed treatment with a magnetic field on sowing qualities and performance of spring barley
Authors: Sokolov A A , Vinogradov D V , Kryuchkov M M
Published: January 2022

The article proposes an analysis of long-term studies to identify the effectiveness of the gradient magnetic field (GMF) on the growth and yield properties of spring barley. The experiments were carried out in Ryazan region of the Russian Federation on dark gray forest soils. According to the results of the experiments, it was revealed that the use of GMF for seed treatment before sowing contributed to an increase in the intensity of growth processes. Treatment of barley seeds before sowing with a gradient magnetic field, compared with the control, contributed to better plant survival and an increase in density by 2.2 %. In the variant with the use of a magnetic field, a higher volume of the photosynthetic apparatus was noted in all stages of the crop development compared to the variant without pre-sowing treatment. It was higher by an average of 17.14 % in the tillering stage and by 6.98 % in the booting stage. In the variant with seed treatment, barley plants were distinguished by an increased degree of tillering. On average, the maximum productivity was in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment with GMF, where the increase in yield to the control values was 4.6 dt/ha or 12.7 %.
Increasing agricultural automation in conditions of international integration
Authors: Solovyev R , Cheranev S , Kolomeichenko A , Gerasimov M , Zotov P , Kiselyov S
Published: January 2022

The development and use of a set of highly automated agricultural machinery is necessary to ensure the effective involvement of agricultural land and the development of the land amelioration complex. The work analyzes the prospects for the development of the market of highly automated machinery and shows the barriers that obstruct the development of this market in Russia and in the world. The paper describes the steps to overcome these barriers. The authors substantiate the actuality of creating normative technical and legal bases, as well as the necessity of creating a center for testing agricultural and forestry tractors for compliance with the safety regulations. The paper explains international and Russian standards for safety requirements for products of the highly automated machinery. The paper presents the activities that need to be carried out in order to use highly automated agricultural machinery.
Change in the redox potential of animal protein solutions in electrochemically activated water
Authors: Ipatova L G , Kuznetsov A L , Suvorov O A , Pogorelov A G
Published: January 2022

The change in the redox potential of water and solutions of bovine serum albumin and gelatin in electrochemically activated water with a reduced value of the redox potential obtained in the cathode chamber of a diaphragm electrochemical reactor is considered. The dependence of the relaxation rate of a protein solution in electrochemically activated water on its concentration in the range 0.01%-0.2% is shown. An increase in the concentration of proteins contributes to the restoration of the RP of solutions with different kinetics for albumin and gelatin. Reagent-free control of the characteristics of protein solutions can find application in technologies for processing livestock products, for example, in meat technologies.
Non-reagent electrochemical water purification technology for the needs of agriculture
Authors: Bakhir V M , Pogorelov A G , Suvorov O A , Kozlov I V
Published: January 2022

The paper experimentally investigates and theoretically substantiates a reagent-free electrochemical technology for fresh natural water purification, which simulates oxidative, reduction and filtration processes of water purification for the needs of agriculture. The use of the latest advances in the design of flow-through electrochemical diaphragm reactors has made it possible to develop a universal technology for removing heavy metal, iron, manganese ions, dissolved organic compounds of natural and artificial origin, microorganisms of all types and forms, as well as microbial toxins and pharmaceuticals from water. The versatility of the technology lies in the possibility of its application not only for fresh water, but also for water with any degree of mineralization. Based on the obtained experimental data, a compact high-performance unit for purifying natural fresh water to obtain high quality drinking water has been created.
Microbiological examination of the meat of animals affected by echinococcosis
Authors: Taiguzin R Sh , Nasyrov S N , Baktygalieva A T , Zabolotnykh M V
Published: January 2022

The purpose of our research was to monitor the safety and quality of slaughter products of cattle and small cattle obtained in the conditions of the Aktobe region. Under certain conditions, animal slaughter products can be a source of not only typical infectious and invasive diseases in humans (echinococcosis, cysticercosis, etc.), but also various food diseases, which include toxicoinfections and toxicoses. Toxicoinfections and toxicoses are a large group of mainly acute food diseases of people. The very names “food diseases”, “food toxicoinfections”, “food toxicoses” indicate that the main role in their occurrence is played by food products. The consistency of the meat, the smell, the state of the muscles on the cut, the transparency and aroma of the broth, the pH of the meat of a healthy animal and a sick animal, the calculation of CMAFAnM, the amount of BGCP in 0.1 grams of the test product, the number of Salmonella bacteria in 25 g of the test product were determined. According to the results of the organoleptic examination, a conclusion was made about the freshness of the meat. Meat of cattle and small cattle, classified according to the results of organoleptic evaluation and bacteriological examination as meat of questionable freshness, is subjected to chemical and microscopic analyses. At present, with a variety of producing enterprises, various forms of ownership with a possible violation of technological production modes and violation of sanitary standards, poor-quality meat of cattle and MSS can enter the consumer market, which can become a source of various infectious and invasive diseases. Therefore, the quality expertise of this product group is very important and relevant.
Water resource potential of agricultural lands of Omsk region
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Nadtochiy V S , Ryapolova N L , Popova N B
Published: January 2022

The basis for planning the activities of the agro-industrial complex and justifying their development in the future is the availability of natural resources. Water resources are an important component of the natural resource potential of the region, playing a key role in the development of an integrated agricultural economy. In determining the environmental sustainability of water bodies, the study of quantitative indicators of moisture resources and their spatial and temporal variability is of paramount importance. The correct presentation of resources and natural water reserves is the key to the successful development of economic sectors and the basis for the geo-ecological substantiation of the territory. A feature of the water resource potential of the Omsk region is the uneven distribution of atmospheric humidification over the territory, which, together with seasonal and long-term fluctuations, can serve as the basis for the manifestation of negative consequences of water. The paper analyzes the alternation of wet and dry years in the long-term period and their influence on the moisture content of the territory. Based on abbreviated summary curves, the duration of periods of continuous dry and wet years are shown, and the trend of long-term changes in the amount of precipitation in the study area.
Current state and prospects for the development of agricultural land in the Nura River basin
Authors: Toksanbaeva S T , Ramazanova N E , Tusupbekov Zh A
Published: January 2022

The Nura River basin is located on the territory of Central Kazakhstan and is a single territorial-production structure with a developed industry that plays an important role in the economy of the entire Kazakhstan. Effective industrial development should be based on the well-tailored farming industry. However, significant continentality of the target basin, along with orographic conditions, predetermines high heat and power and scarce water resources, which negatively affect the crop productivity. The paper analyzes the current status of land reserves nearby the Nura River basin, with due account for climatic conditions and water availability, considers the modern composition and structure of cultivated areas, indicating the leading sectors constituting the farming industry, and also outlines the main directions and prospects for the development of agriculture for the coming period. It provides the rationale for sustainable agriculture along with industrial development of the basin. Due to the location of the basin in the zone of dry steppes and semi-desert zones, the paper shows the need to use irrigation reclamation as the main way to increase the crop yield.
Distribution of golden potato nematode in the soils of the Omsk region
Authors: Velegurov A S , Barayshchuk G V
Published: January 2022

The distribution of the golden potato nematode in the soils of the Omsk region has been recorded since 2003. The potential danger of expanding the area of colonization by this phytohelminth is associated with a loss of potato yield from 30 to 90%. Of the 32 districts of the Omsk region, 21 districts were found to be populated with the golden potato nematode. Potato production in the Omsk region is mainly carried out by private individuals. In many districts of the Omsk region, the share of personal subsidiary plots in the produced potatoes reached 95%. The studies were carried out in 2017 - 2020 and it was found that cysts with viable larvae of the golden potato nematode were detected in the samples of the studied soil samples, the degree of infection was high and ranged from 50 to 90 cysts. Under these conditions, the priority direction of reducing the number of phytohelminths is the use of environmentally friendly methods of control, such as the fungal microbiological preparation Nematofagin Mikopro. In the areas with the use of a biological product, the degree of infection was average and ranged from 45 to 13 viable cysts.
Technologies for the rational use and improvement of hayfields and pastures in arid territories of Russia
Authors: Vlasenko M V , Turko S Yu , Trubakova K Yu
Published: January 2022

Materials are presented on the enrichment of natural hayfields and pastures in the south of the European Territory of Russia (ETR) with valuable forage grasses by methods improvement. The work is based on modern methods of landscape-bio-ecological research using scientific and practical methods for restoring and prolonging the productive longevity of pastures. Effective measures to improve forage land provide an increase in productivity of 1.5-2.0 times compared with natural pastures. Agrotechnical methods are given, including soil preparation, norms and timing of sowing. Attention is paid to the selection of sown species, the composition of mixtures and the ratio of the life forms of herbs.
Technologies for the formation of high-quality turf spaces
Authors: Kulik A A , Vlasenko M V , Zaitsev A A
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of mineral nutrition on the growth, development and quality of lawn grasses of a football field in the southern regions of Russia. The experiment was carried out on the site of the VGAFK training ground (Volgograd). Water-soluble fertilizers were used: foliar dressing; instant: Urea + Potassium Magnesia, Fertika. The composition of the sown grass mixture: Lolium perenne variety Vesuvius (20 %), Lolium perenne variety Eurocurdus (20 %), Festuca rubra variety Dorianna (20 %), Poa pratensis variety Markus (20 %), Poa pratensis variety Limousine (20 %). Lawn quality was assessed using two methods: A.A. Lapteva and NTEP (National Turfgrass Evaluation Program). The frequency of mowing the lawn will vary depending on light conditions, soil temperature and humidity. But there is a clear dependence on additional mineral nutrition. When applying fertilizers, mowing the lawn should be done every 5-7 days. Without additional mineral nutrition, the haircut should be done once every 7-12 days. It is important that when cutting, 1/3 of the leaf surface is cut off. Recommendations of technological solutions for decompaction of the root layer of the soil of the lawn space, which occur due to intense loads, are presented. It was revealed that the use of the studied water-soluble and instant fertilizers in the conditions of the south of Russia reduces the weediness of the lawn, increases its projective cover and the productivity of shoots of lawn grasses, and increases the breaking load. At the same time, the lawn coverings that are most aligned in height are noted. As a result, the quality and decorativeness of the lawn improve.
The principles of improving the technology of grain crop cultivation
Authors: Yudina E M , Serguntsov A S , Papusha S K , Kadyrov M R
Published: January 2022

The article describes issues of improving technologies for the cultivation of major agricultural crops, technical re-equipment of agricultural production particular processes, proposes new technologies, high-production technical means, methods of completing energy-rich units and ways to increase the competitiveness of crop production. The article proposes the program for the material and technical re-equipment of winter wheat production in the Krasnodar Krai. The problems of harvesting grain crops with combine harvesters are considered and the new threshing scheme by the “unwinnowed grain” method with harvesters, made in Canada, is proposed. The issues of using different varieties of wheat in terms of maturation are considered in order to increase the sowing time and further harvesting periods and, hence, reduce the number of sowing and harvesting equipment. The technology has been developed for the cultivation of winter wheat using new harvesting equipment and new methods of sowing wheat of different ripening periods. The transition to the proposed technology of winter wheat cultivation and harvesting locally in one of the Krasnodar Krai regions will lead to significant annual savings in labor costs. With the strict implementation of the technology, in particular, the optimal sowing and harvesting timing, using the new technology, the fields will be completely free of weeds over several years.
Investigating Sea Surface Temperature and Coral Bleaching in the Coastal Area of Khanh Hoa Province
Authors: Van Tran Thi , Duc Hieu Nguyen Trinh , Huan Nguyen Huu , Lien Nguyen Phuong
Published: January 2022

Khanh Hoa Coastal area is considered the area with the most diverse coral reefs in the west of the East Sea. With the trend of increasing global temperature, the coral reefs here are affected, including the phenomenon of bleaching. This paper uses a Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (MUR SST) data source to evaluate the possible relationship between sea surface temperature and coral bleaching in the period 2010-2019 in Khanh Hoa coastal area is based on two parameters: Hot Spot (HS) and Degree Heating Months (DHM). Research results show that in the past 10 years, corals in Khanh Hoa coastal area may experience heat stress in 6 years, including 2010, 2013 and the years from 2016 to 2019. The phenomenon of heat stress starts to occur in May of each year, and the level of heat stress in 2010 was stronger than in other years. Within 6 years, there have been heat stress, coral bleaching events due to temperature only occurred in 2010; while in 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, corals suffered from heat stress in the watch level, meaning an increase in temperature is not yet capable of causing coral bleaching. The cause of coral bleaching in 2010 was the combined effect of the increase in sea surface temperature and the suppression of upwelling during the southwest monsoon.
Health risk assessment of arsenic in drinking groundwater: A case study in a central high land area of Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Mai Nhu , Vo Phu Le , Bui Trong Vinh , Hung Pham , Ha Quang Khai
Published: January 2022

Arsenic contaminated groundwaters is a global environmental issue which cause serious problems for human health risks. 188 groundwater samples were collected in private wells of Lam Dong Province, a central highland area, Vietnam to investigate the health risks to the local people by using arsenic contaminated groundwater for drinking purpose. The result showed that the arsenic concentration is average of 14 μg/L and maximum of 500 μg/L. About 12% out of the total groundwater samples have arsenic concentration exceeded that value of 10 μg/L recommended for drinking water by World Health Organization (WHO, 2019). The health risk assessment showed that hazard quotient (HQ) value for adults was up to 60.6 with an average of 1.7 and about 14% of total samples show the HQ values greater than 1. The HQ value for children is average of 4.7 (maximum of 166.7) and about 23% of total groundwater samples show HQ > 1 for children. Cancer risk (CR) values were up to 27x10-4 (average of 8x10-4) for adults and 75x10-4 (average of 21x10-4) for children. About 26% and 29% of out of the total samples show CR value for adult and children greater than the CR (1×10-4) proposed by the USEPA. The result also indicated that the consumption of arsenic contaminated groundwater may seriously damage the human health. Therefore, groundwater in the area needs to be treated for arsenic removal before drinking to minimize the adverse effect on local communities’ health.
Acute and chronic toxicity of mixtures of bisphenol A and trace metals (Cd and Pb) to micro-crustacean, Daphnia magna
Authors: Nguyen V T , Huynh A T , Dao T S
Published: January 2022

The occurrence of plastic additives and their ecological impacts have attracted much attention in recent years globally. Among plastic additives, the trace metals (e.g., Cd, Pb) are widely used as color pigments and stabilizers, whereas bisphenol A (BPA) is added to enhance the desired physical characteristics of plastic products. However, these additives can easily leach out of plastic materials and enter the aquatic environment causing risks to aquatic ecosystems. Although the toxicity of a single additive on various aquatic organisms has been studied, the responses of zooplankton exposed to the mixed plastic additives have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of the binary mixtures (BPA+Cd, BPA+Pb) and trinary mixture (BPA+Pb+Cd) at the metal concentrations of 5 µg/L and BPA level of 50 µg/ L on the life history traits and food feeding rate of the freshwater micro-crustacean, Daphnia magna. The results showed exposures to these mixtures for 24h could significantly enhance the food feeding rate of D. magna from 2.5 – 5.8 times higher than the control. The survival rate was decreased from 50 – 90% in the organisms exposed to these mixtures after 18 incubated days. We found a synergistic effect of BPA+Pb but an antagonistic effect of BPA+Pb+Cd on the survivorship of D. magna. Similarly, the organisms in the exposures delayed their maturity age and reduced their reproduction. The potent impact order of the mixtures on D. magna was BPA+Cd > BPA+Pb+Cd > BPA+Pb. Our results evidenced the adverse effects of plastic additive mixtures on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the use and disposal of plastic materials and plastic additives should be paid more attention to protect the environment, ecosystem, and human health. Moreover, our findings proved that the toxicity of multi-contaminants on organisms could be unpredictable even the toxicity of a single contaminant is known.
The potential emission of personal care products derived plastic microbeads: a case study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Hoang T T T , Nguyen B A , Pham N N Q , Nguyen N B , Tran T K T , Tu T C L , Huynh T D , Nguyen T N T , Pham T P Q , Nguyen T V , Nguyen T L , Le Q H
Published: January 2022

Plastic microbeads are commonly used in many personal care products and can cause adverse impacts to the environment and ecosystem. The toxicological problem with these pollutants are due to their non-biodegradable materials, which washed down the drain; end up accumulating in the aquatic system causing increased frequency and quantity of items ingested by biota. Several polymers (e.g. Polyethylene) especially those found in plastic microbeads have been reported to be in tandem with other toxic contaminants serving as a vector for their transports in the environment. Thus, the legislative ban for plastic microbeads is used in some developed countries, but many countries including Vietnam do not take any legal action. This present study aimed at potential microbead’s existence in the cosmetic market of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The list and ingredients of microbeads containing personal care products (toothpaste, facial cleanser/scrubs and body wash/scrubs) have been checked. The microbeads containing PCPs are common for all explored categories, especially in toothpaste. Data from the online questionnaire survey have shown that 98% of respondents have frequently used at least one microbead containing product. Four polymers (Polyethylene, Acrylates Copolymer Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer and Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) have been observed in the product package of several facial cleansers and body scrubs. Thus, the potential negative impacts of this contaminant should not be ignored.
Marine litter pollution along sandy beaches of Can Gio coast, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Bui Thanh-Khiet L. , Pham Quoc-Khanh , Doan Nhu-Thuy , Nguyen Thanh-Ban , Nguyen Van-Nghia , Phuong Nguyen Kieu Lan , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Nguyen Hong Quan
Published: January 2022

Marine debris is a significant threat to the marine environment, human health and the economy in Can Gio island, Vietnam. In this study, we conducted beach litter surveys to quantify and characterize marine litter from six beach transects in this region for the first time using the OSPAR beach litter monitoring guideline. A total of 29,456 items weighting 529,432 g was recorded from 12 surveys in two monitoring campaigns in December 2019 (dry season) and in June 2020 (rainy season). Plastic was the most abundant type of litter in terms of quantity (a total of 26,662 items) and weight (325,606 g), followed by paper and cardboard, cloth, wood, metal, glass and ceramics, rubber and other items. Meanwhile, ropes (less than 1 cm in diameter) and plastic bags accounted for the major parts of sampled plastic items, i.e., 20.18% and 14.46%, respectively. In general, a higher percentage of marine litter, particularly the fishing related items, was found in the rainy season than in the dry season, possibly due to increased fishing and aquaculture activities. In contrast, a reduction pattern of the single use plastics in the rainy season might be due to the decreased tourism activities during the Covid pandemic period. This study not only showed the magnitude of litter pollution, but also provided valuable information that could help decision making to better control and reduce marine litter in the region. In addition, insights from this study indicate that there is an urgent need to design collection, reuse and recycling programs in the area. The collected recyclables, specially plastics, will be a great source of materials for recyclers in a circular economy achieving sustainable development goals.
Strengthen resilience to rivers flooding by the drag reduction technique
Authors: Bouchenafa Walid , Dang-Vu Trong , Dang-Vu Huyen Xuan
Published: January 2022

Urban agglomerations face the risk of overflowing rivers due to intense urbanization in flood-prone areas and the climate change effects. Despite the important protective measures deployed to reduce the fluvial flooding risk, additional efforts are still needed. This work aims to propose a new complementary non-structural protection measure, used to reduce the river flooding risk. The study is part of the NABRAPOL (NEBRASKA POLYMER) project, which aims to improve knowledge of the drag reduction effect by adding polymers in open-channel flows. The addition of polymers, even in limited concentrations, allows high friction to decrease with the typical Manning coefficient reduced up to 45%. An application case on a real watercourse is presented in this article. Two measurement campaigns are carried out on a river along 30 km. Experimental devices are deployed, and non-intrusive hydraulic measuring instruments are installed at the study field. Surface velocities are evaluated by the Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) technique, and water depth is measured using ultrasonic radar sensors over the river. Measurement results show that the addition of 20 ppm of polymers in the flows results in a marked drag reduction by decreasing the water depth to 18% of its initial depth. The drag reduction technique by addition of small concentrations of polymers can be considered as a new and effective method to reinforce the measures already deployed in the flood risk management strategy since it allows the water depth to be decreased thus avoid overflowing rivers in the extreme flooding event.
Modeling impacts of industrial park activity on air quality of surrounding area for identifying isolation distance: A case of Tan Tao Industrial Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Authors: Ho Bang Quoc , Khue Vu Hoang Ngoc , Nguyen Thoai Tam , Nguyen Thi-Thu Giang , Diep Thi-Quynh Nhu , Vo Phu Le , Pham Thi-Kim Nhung
Published: January 2022

Industrial factories have been addressed as the main contributor to the amount of air pollution in many urban areas around the world. The emissions of air pollutants from factories, combined with exhausted gases from automobile and domestic cooking activities, have placed enormous adverse effects on human health. Recently, air quality models, which usually figure out for industrial emission with representative indicators such as CO, NO2, SO2, and TSP, have triggered an application to identify a suitable isolation distance that could lessen affection on public health. Concerning to develop an air emission inventory for Tan Tao Industrial Park (IP) for three sources of points, line and area sources by using top-down and bottom-up approaches, this study aim to: (i) apply a system model of TAPM – AERMOD model to study the air pollution dispersion from the IP to the surrounding area, and (ii) identify a hygiene isolation distance for sensitive objects around industrial park, especially zones of community, based on their separating demand from contamination. Results show that the point sources are the dominant air emission sources of Tan Tao IP. Total emissions of Tan Tao IP in 2019 estimated at 413.15 tons of TSP/year, 280.9 tons of NO2/year, 621.99 tons of SO2/year, and 2720.21 tons of CO/year. Modeling results show that 1-hour maximum concentration of TSP, NO2, SO2, and CO in the simulation area is 581µg/m3, 4.069µg/m3, 5.478µg/m3, 40.695µg/m3, respectively, exceeding the standards. Especially, the pollution levels of NO2 were 20 times higher than the limit value, similar trends for SO2 (15 times higher). The hygiene isolation distance was suggested a widely ranged from 2910 meters in the North-West and in the rest directions of Ho Chi Minh City. Some sensitive objects such as residential areas, hospitals and kindergartens recently are inside the affected zone should be reckoned to have suitable solutions that keep their health safe. The method for calculation of hygiene isolation distances from industrial activities has a significant guiding not only for environmental safety action but also for public health protection.
Application TAPM-AERMOD system model to study impacts of thermal power plants in SouthEast and SouthWest areas to the air quality of HCMC: current status and according to Vietnam power planning VII toward 2030
Authors: Ngoc Vu Khue Hoang , Thuy Nguyen Hang Thi , Nguyen Tam Thoai , Ho Bang Quoc
Published: January 2022

Vietnam’s urban areas have faced serious environmental pollution issues, including water pollution, municipal waste, and air pollution. Vietnam’s real gross domestic product (GDP) has been experiencing positive growth for the past five years since 2016. And in 2019, Vietnam’s real GDP increased by 7.02% compared to the previous year. To maintain the growth rate, there is a huge amount of electricity required, not accounting for the other sectors. Thermal power plants generate more than 50% of total electricity in Vietnam, therefore, it is said that coal-fired power plants have been the major sources of air emissions and caused a serious impact on the environment. Recently air pollution is a hot issue in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the air quality is being polluted by PM2.5, O3, CO, NO2, and TSP. Despite that, the neighboring areas of the city will install more coal-fired power plants, threatening to degrade the quality of the environment. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) Modeling the impacts of thermal power plants in SouthEast and SouthWest areas on the air quality of HCMC for two scenarios (current status in 2019 and future according to Power planning VII (adjusted) toward 2030); And (ii) Develop interprovincial air quality protection solutions. The research applied the TAPM model for meteorological modeling and AERMOD model for air pollution dispersion. The annual average PM2.5 concentration in the study area was approximately 0.121 μg/m3 and the highest concentration at a location close to Vinh Tan thermal power center with 8.61 μg/m3. NO2 the annual average concentration from power plants in 2020 and 2030 blows to HCMC and contributes to HCMC’ air quality only 0.01 and 0.03 μg/m3, respectively. The 24 hours average concentration of SO2 from power plants in 2030 blows to HCMC and contributes to HCMC’ air quality of 10 μg/m3. The 24 hours average SO2 levels of HCMC in 2030 is 39.2 μg/m3, higher than WHO’s guideline (20 μg/m3). Currently, air pollution in HCMC is polluted by PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 and cause bad effect to public health. However, in the future with the contribution of 33 thermal power plants under intercity/provinces air pollution dispersion, air pollution HCMC will be worse and affect public health. Air pollution HCMC will be a huge impact on HCMC’s public health in the future due to the contribution of 33 thermal power plants under intercity/provinces air pollution dispersion. The paper developed 7 main mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of air pollution from the power plan and reduce the impacts of air pollution on HCM’s public health. The measures are focused on using clean fuel, advanced technology, and controlling trans-provincial air pollution.
Au nanoparticles loaded Hydroxyapatite catalyst prepared from waste eggshell: synthesis, characterization and application in VOC removal
Authors: Thien Luu Trung , Quang Tu Le Nguyen , Trung Bien Cong , Long Nguyen Quang
Published: January 2022

Eggshell, which is made almost entirely of calcium carbonate, is among the most abundant waste materials from poultry production. In 2018, the worldwide egg production exceeded 78 million metric tons which contributed to over 8 million metric tons of eggshell waste. However, this waste can be converted into useful materials for several industrial applications. Herein, hydroxyapatite (HAp) of fine particles was prepared using a green synthesis procedure in water medium from eggshell waste. Then, HAp was utilized as support material for loading different contents of Au nanoparticles (0.2 and 0.5 wt%). The materials were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared catalysts were used for VOCs oxidation of formaldehyde in continuous flow and humid condition. In this study, Au/HAp (0.2 wt%) exhibited superior catalytic activity with good low-temperature reproducibility and high dispersion of particles on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Hence, hydroxyapatite prepared from eggshell waste is considered as a promising support material for noble metal catalysts for VOCs oxidation.
Treatment of C.I Reactive Blue 160 by ozonation system
Authors: Duong Pham-Hung , Huynh Ngoc-Han T. , Yoon Yong-Soo
Published: January 2022

This study was carried out to assess the treatment ability of color, dye, and COD in the dyeing wastewater containing C.I Reactive Blue 160 by ozonation system. Both batch and continuous operating modes with concurrent and counter-current flows were investigated. The effects of the ozone gas flow rate, pH, temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and initial dye concentration were evaluated. The decolorization, dye removal efficiencies, and mineralization ability of COD by ozonation were determined. The results indicated that ozonation had high efficiency in the treatment of dyeing wastewater containing C.I Reactive Blue 160. The treatment performance was affected by the ozone gas flow rate, pH, temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and initial dye concentration. The removal efficiency of color, dye, and COD were 98.04%, 99.84%, and 87.31% for the treatment of 200 mg/L initial dye concentration in batch mode with 30 min ozonation time, respectively. In the continuous operation and counter-current flow, the color, dye, and COD removal efficiencies reached 97.24%, 99.76%, and 86.38% after 30 min HRT, respectively, and higher than concurrent flow. The reaction of ozone and C. I Reactive Blue 160 was the first-order reaction in both batch and continuous operation. The complete mineralization required 90 min ozonation time.
Potential of Earthworm (Perionyx Excavatus) in food treatment in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Hang Vo Thanh , Hoang Anh Trinh Mai , Khanh Pham Kim
Published: January 2022

In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, there are about 9 thousand tons of domestic waste every day and 73% of them are treated by using landfill sites [2]. With the population growth rate in recent years, the generated waste volume will then increase in the future and is estimated to reach a total of around 13 thousand tons that could cost Ho Chi Minh City about 260 thousand dollars in treating this waste in 2025 [3]. Although this treatment method is not without advantages, the downsides will be far more significant. Moreover, in recent years, the cultivation of Perionyx Excavatus, a species that had been reported to have the ability to treat organic waste in some foreign articles, has become increasingly popular in Vietnam. So, this research was aimed to evaluate the potentiality of Earthworm (Perionyx Excavatus) for food waste management of households in Lab-scale in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. According to this study, the average outdoor humidity and temperature of Ho Chi Minh City are higher than optimal conditions to raise Earthworm. In addition, the percentage of biomass is highest when rising the proportion of food waste and cow dung 4:6, respectively. It’s a point for encourage the applying Earthworm (Perionyx Excavatus) for food waste management in Ho Chi Minh.