bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning for an offshore oiled wildlife response: case studies from New Zealand and Brazil
Authors: Chilvers B. L. , Ruoppolo V.
Published: March 2023

When an offshore oil spill occurs, it is often assumed that there will be no wildlife impacted or that an oiled wildlife response could not be undertaken. In most cases, one or both assumptions are wrong. With increasing offshore fishing, petroleum exploration, and shipping routes, the risk of accidents and spills offshore has increased. This review outlines the important considerations for offshore oiled wildlife response and explores two case studies on offshore oiled wildlife response planning based on offshore drilling or active platforms in New Zealand and Brazil. There are significant challenges for running a response in offshore environments; however, with planning, including preparation of specialized response plans, equipment, and readiness of skilled personnel, an offshore oiled wildlife response can lead to greater survival and protection for wildlife and the environment.
Air Pollution Coverage, Anti-Chinese Sentiment, and Attitudes Towards Foreign Policy in South Korea
Authors: Song Esther E.
Published: March 2023

Air pollutants allegedly originating from China have become a thorny issue in South Korea. Despite a neutral view of the topic on the part of the South Korean government, recent public polls show a high correlation between the air pollution issue and negative sentiment toward China. How has the media reported on China regarding air pollutants in South Korea? What is the effect of media reports on air pollution on anti-Chinese sentiment and foreign policy attitudes? By examining news headlines and Twitter data in 2015 and 2018, this work finds that media reports blaming China for air pollution doubled during the 2015–2018 period. Discourse surrounding air pollution also shifted: negative sentiment directed at both the Chinese government and the Chinese people increased in 2018 compared to 2015. In addition, an original online survey experiment shows that China-blaming articles have a causal effect on increasing related resentment, particularly toward Chinese people, and that this effect is moderated by age group. Such articles have also had negative effects on foreign policy attitudes via increased anti-Chinese sentiment; greater hostility toward the Chinese people is found to have a causal effect on reduced support for strengthening relations with their country.
White matter abnormalities in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies
Authors: Haghshomar Maryam , Mirghaderi Seyed Peyman , Shobeiri Parnian , James Anthony , Zarei Mojtaba
Published: March 2023

Microstructural alterations in white matter are evident in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) both in adult and paediatric populations. Paediatric patients go through the process of maturation and thus may undergo different pathophysiology than adult OCD. Findings from studies in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder have been inconsistent, possibly due to their small sample size or heterogeneous populations. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of white matter structures in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder and their correlation with clinical features. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic search on diffusion tensor imaging studies that reported fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, or axial diffusivity alterations between paediatric patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and healthy controls using voxel-based analysis, or tract‐based spatial statistics. We identified fifteen relevant studies. Most studies reported changes predominantly in the corpus callosum, cingulum, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corticospinal tract, forceps minor and major, and the cerebellum in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. These alterations included increased and decreased fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity, and increased mean and axial diffusivity in different white matter tracts. These changes were associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms. Moreover, specific genetic polymorphisms were linked with cerebellar white matter changes in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. White matter changes are widespread in paediatric OCD patients. These changes are often associated with symptoms however there are controversies in the direction of changes in some tracts.
Let’s face it: When and how facial emojis increase the persuasiveness of electronic word of mouth
Authors: Maiberger Tobias , Schindler David , Koschate-Fischer Nicole
Published: March 2023

Facial emojis have increasingly permeated electronic word of mouth (eWOM), but the persuasive consequences of this phenomenon remain unclear. Drawing on emotions as social information (EASI) theory, this research reveals that facial emojis influence persuasion (e.g., product choice) by affecting emotional arousal and perceived ambiguity. While the effect through emotional arousal is generally positive, the effect through ambiguity depends on the emojis’ function in eWOM: facial emojis that replace a verbal expression increase ambiguity and therefore reduce persuasion, whereas those that reiterate a verbal expression decrease ambiguity and therefore enhance persuasion. Both the emotional-arousal and ambiguity pathways determine the net persuasive effect. This research also explores two situations (high verbal context richness and eWOM from strong ties) where replacing facial emojis can increase persuasion. Finally, the authors show that facial emojis’ persuasive power is generalizable to online brand communications, influencing key management outcomes such as click-through rates for digital ads.
Postcolonialism as a Reverse Discourse in Egyptology: De-colonizing Historiography and Archaeology of Ancient Egypt and Nubia Part 2
Authors: Matić Uroš
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the use of postcolonial theory in Egyptology and Sudan archaeology. Theories and concepts developed out of examinations of specific historical colonial encounters were often applied by Egyptologists with little or no critical historical contextualization. Consequently, when using postcolonial theories and concepts some Egyptologists unwillingly transferred specific historical backgrounds to both ancient Egyptian experiences and those of their neighbours. This is inspected using the concept of reverse discourse as developed by M. Foucault. We need to construct novel and more data-informed concepts to understand the experiences and realities of living under Egyptian occupation.
Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from Cereals Marketed in Madeira and the Azores
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Gutiérrez Ángel J. , Hardisson Arturo , Martín Verónica , Revert Consuelo , Pestana Fernandes Paulo Jorge , Horta Lopes David João , Paz-Montelongo Soraya
Published: March 2023

Cereals and cereal-based foods continue to be basic foods in all diets. Despite being known for their high nutritional value; they can also contain contaminants (hazards) such as toxic metals. This study assesses the Cd, Pb and Hg dietary exposure from cereals and derivatives marketed in Madeira and the Azores and characterizes the risks by evaluating the Cd and Hg intake contributions to the tolerable intakes and by estimating the Margin of Exposure (MOE) in the case of Pb. In Madeira, metals follow the descending order of Cd > Pb > Hg. Cd stands out as having the highest levels (0.307 mg Cd/kg in oats; 0.237 mg/kg in rye). High levels of Pb (0.347 mg/kg) were also detected in rye. Regarding total mercury, rice stands out (0.0013 mg/kg) followed by wheat (0.001 mg/kg). While all cereals and derivatives except maize consumed in Madeira exceed the maximum value of Cd allowed by the EU, 50.0% of the rye and 25.0% of the corn flour samples exceeded the European Pb limit. The daily consumption of 100 g of oats, rye flour and rye represent high contributions to the TWI of Cd (93.2 – 120%). The MOE values of Pb from the consumption of rye (100 g/day) are 1,294 (nephrotoxic effects) and 3,082 (cardiotoxic effects). In the Azores, corn flour (0.72 mg Pb/kg) stands out with 85.7% of the samples exceeding the maximum Pb EU limit and MOE values of 626 (nephrotoxic effects) and 1,490 (cardiotoxic effects). Regular daily consumption of corn flour makes a low (< 10%) contribution to the Cd TDI. In conclusion, the Pb exposure from the consumption of cereals and derivatives could have toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity or cardiotoxicity in adults. The results highlight the need to set up monitoring and surveillance programs for the safety of cereals and their derivatives in Madeira and the Azores in terms of lead and cadmium.
The Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Epalrestat Maintains Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity by Enhancing Endothelial Cell Function during Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Zhang Tongshuai , Wu Jinrong , Yao Xinmin , Zhang Yao , Wang Yue , Han Yang , Wu Yun , Xu Zhenyu , Lan Jing , Han Siyu , Zou Haifeng , Sun Qixu , Wang Dandan , Zhang Jingyu , Wang Guangyou
Published: March 2023

Excessive activation of aldose reductase (AR) in the brain is a risk factor for aggravating cerebral ischemia injury. Epalrestat is the only AR inhibitor with proven safety and efficacy, which is used in the clinical treatment of diabetic neuropathy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection of epalrestat remain unknown in the ischemic brain. Recent studies have found that blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage was mainly caused by increased apoptosis and autophagy of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and decreased expression of tight junction proteins. Thus, we hypothesized that the protective effect of epalrestat is mainly related to regulating the survival of BMVECs and tight junction protein levels after cerebral ischemia. To test this hypothesis, a mouse model of cerebral ischemia was established by permanent middle cerebral artery ligation (pMCAL), and the mice were treated with epalrestat or saline as a control. Epalrestat reduced the ischemic volume, enhanced BBB function, and improved the neurobehavior after cerebral ischemia. In vitro studies revealed that epalrestat increased the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduced the levels of cleaved-caspase3 and LC3 proteins in mouse BMVECs (bEnd.3 cells) exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, bicalutamide (an AKT inhibitor) and rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) increased the epalrestat-induced reduction in apoptosis and autophagy related protein levels in bEnd.3 cells with OGD treatment. Our findings suggest that epalrestat improves BBB function, which may be accomplished by reducing AR activation, promoting tight junction proteins expression, and upregulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy in BMVECs.
TIGAR Protects Cochlear Hair Cells against Teicoplanin-Induced Damage
Authors: Zhang Qiongmin , Yao Zhiqun , Chen Fang , Wang Xue , Wang Man , Lu Junze , Meng Yu , Xu Lei , Han Yuechen , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo
Published: March 2023

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe staphylococcal infections. It has been claimed that teicoplanin possesses ototoxic potential, although its toxic effects on cochlear hair cells (HCs) remain unknown. The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) plays a crucial role in promoting cell survival. Prior research has demonstrated that TIGAR protects spiral ganglion neurons against cisplatin damage. However, the significance of TIGAR in damage to mammalian HCs has not yet been investigated. In this study, firstly, we discovered that teicoplanin caused dose-dependent cell death in vitro in both HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear HCs. Next, we discovered that HCs and HEI-OC1 cells treated with teicoplanin exhibited a dramatically decrease in TIGAR expression. To investigate the involvement of TIGAR in inner ear injury caused by teicoplanin, the expression of TIGAR was either upregulated via recombinant adenovirus or downregulated by shRNA in HEI-OC1 cells. Overexpression of TIGAR increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, whereas downregulation of TIGAR decreased cell viability, exacerbated apoptosis, and elevated ROS level following teicoplanin injury. Finally, antioxidant therapy with N-acetyl-L-cysteine decreased ROS level, prevented cell death, and restored p38/phosphorylation-p38 expression levels in HEI-OC1 cells injured by teicoplanin. This study demonstrates that TIGAR may be a promising novel target for the prevention of teicoplanin-induced ototoxicity.
Investigating pathways to a net-zero emissions building sector in the European Union: what role for the energy efficiency first principle?
Authors: Mandel Tim , Kranzl Lukas , Popovski Eftim , Sensfuß Frank , Müller Andreas , Eichhammer Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

European Union (EU) legislation is increasingly embracing the energy efficiency first (EE1st) principle. This principle seeks to prioritise energy efficiency measures whenever these involve lower costs to society than generators, networks and other energy supply options while achieving the same outcomes. This study contributes to the quantitative evidence on the relevance of EE1st by modelling the impact of moderate to ambitious end-use energy efficiency measures on energy supply and the associated system cost under a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions constraint by 2050. These measures focus on the EU building sector and include both building retrofits (e.g. wall insulation) and efficient products (e.g. lighting). The results indicate that implementing more ambitious energy saving measures reduces the total electricity, heat and hydrogen capacities needed to achieve the net-zero target. Reducing energy use in buildings by at least 21% between 2020 and 2050 is essential to avoid excessive energy supply costs. This requires actions that go well beyond business-as-usual trends. Reductions of around 30% could be justified on the grounds of (i) high fossil fuel prices and (ii) multiple impacts (e.g. health benefits). Overall, the outcomes provide reasonable justification for the EE1st principle. To put the principle into practice, policy actions such as doubling building renovation rates and setting higher energy efficiency targets are key.
“Ain’t I a Woman?”: Feminist Participatory Action-Research with African Migrant Women Living in Spain
Authors: Cubero Aloe , Garrido Rocio
Published: March 2023

There is a growing trend towards a feminization of migration which calls for an urgent intersectional analysis in migration and integration research. Migrant women are exposed to numerous barriers that make difficult to participate in host communities due to the intersections between their gender, ethnicity, migratory status, etc. These barriers range from structural to daily discrimination in the shape of sexism and racism, particularly for women from regions further south of Africa. Undertaken in collaboration with a local NGO in Southern Spain, this study aims to approach African migrant women’s experiences and to promote agency and participation in host communities. It was framed in Feminist Participatory Action-Research (FPAR) based on photovoice. The participants (n = 15) generated and shared photo-narratives about their daily experiences during five sessions that were participatively analyzed, classified into four themes as follows: (1) migratory projects; (2) violence and discrimination; (3) health and social care; and (4) to be and resist as an African migrant woman. Photovoice was valued as a safe, non-hierarchical, and caring environment that promoted agency in participants and reflexivity in researchers. Our results highlight the importance and necessity on undertaking FPAR in collaboration with social organizations for emancipatory research praxis and put the emphasis on photovoice as a transformational method.
Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport
Authors: Coelho Gabriel Lins de Holanda , Wolf Lukas J. , Vilar Roosevelt , Monteiro Renan Pereira , Hanel Paul H. P.
Published: March 2023

To increase Covid-19 vaccine uptake and protect vulnerable people, many countries have introduced a Covid-19 passport in 2021, allowing vaccinated individuals to access indoor facilities more freely and travel to foreign countries. However, the passport has had unintended consequences as it discriminates against those who do not want to get vaccinated for medical, religious, or political reasons, or those who do not have access to vaccines. The present study (N = 678) assessed across Brazil, UK, USA, and a group of other countries, the links between political orientation, human values, and moral foundations, and attitudes towards the Covid-19 passport and whether people perceive it as a discriminatory measure. Results showed that left-wingers, typically more inclined to recognize discrimination, favor the passport more and perceive it as less discriminatory than right-wingers. This pattern remains consistent even after controlling for human values and moral foundations, independently predicting attitudes towards the passport. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into a context in which left-wingers support measures that involuntarily discriminate against certain groups.
Data driven analysis of cosmic rays in the heliosphere: diffusion of cosmic protons
Authors: Tomassetti Nicola , Bertucci Bruna , Donnini Federico , Graziani Maura , Fiandrini Emanuele , Khiali Behrouz , Reina Conde Alejandro
Published: March 2023

Understanding the time-dependent relationship between the Sun’s variability and cosmic rays (GCR) is essential for developing predictive models of energetic radiation in space. When traveling inside the heliosphere, GCRs are affected by magnetic turbulence and solar wind disturbances which result in the so-called solar modulation effect. To investigate this phenomenon, we have performed a data-driven analysis of the temporal dependence of the GCR flux over the solar cycle. With a global statistical inference of GCR data collected in space by AMS-02 and PAMELA on monthly basis, we have determined the rigidity and time dependence of the GCR diffusion mean free path. Here we present our results for GCR protons, we discuss their interpretation in terms of basic processes of particle transport and their relations with the dynamics of the heliospheric plasma.
Systemic postnatal corticosteroid use for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its relationship to early neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Esterman Emilia , Goyen Traci-Anne , Jani Pranav , Lowe Gemma , Baird Jane , Maheshwari Rajesh , D’Cruz Daphne , Luig Melissa , Shah Dharmesh
Published: March 2023

Background

Systemic postnatal corticosteroid use in extremely preterm infants poses a risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study explores their use beyond seven days of age with early neurodevelopmental assessments during the fidgety period (9–20 weeks postterm age).

Methods

This retrospective single-center cohort study included inborn extremely preterm infants from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Outborn infants, those with congenital or genetic abnormalities, and those who received postnatal corticosteroids for nonrespiratory reasons were excluded. The cohort was dichotomized based on the status of corticosteroid receipt. Early neurodevelopmental outcomes were reported using Prechtl’s General Movements Assessment.

Results

Of the 282 infants, 67 (23.75%) received corticosteroids. Of these, 34 (50.75%) received them for dependency on invasive ventilation (intermittent positive-pressure ventilation), and the remainder received them for dependency on non-invasive ventilation continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP). Abnormal or absent fidgety movements were observed in 13% of infants (7/54) who received corticosteroids compared to 2% of infants (3/146) who did not. An increased odds for an abnormal general movements assessment from corticosteroid use after adjusting for gestational age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–26.56] was observed. The motor optimality scores differed between the two groups [corticosteroid group: 25.5 (23–26) versus no-corticosteroid group: 26 (24–28); z =  − 2.02]. A motor optimality score < 20 was observed in 14.8% of infants (8/54) in the corticosteroid group compared to 2% of infants (3/146) in the noncorticosteroid group. This difference was significant after adjustment for gestational age (aOR 5.96, 95% CI 1.28–27.74).

Conclusions

Abnormal early neurodevelopment was observed in infants who received systemic postnatal corticosteroids. The relationship between these findings and other factors influencing early neurodevelopment needs further exploration.
Impact of a Mindfulness Mobile Application on Weight Loss and Eating Behavior in People with Metabolic Syndrome: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matsuhisa Takaharu , Fujie Rieko , Masukawa Rie , Nakamura Natsue , Mori Norihisa , Ito Kazuyuki , Yoshikawa Yuki , Okazaki Kentaro , Sato Juichi
Published: March 2023

Background

Weight-loss approaches involving mindfulness have been reported to reduce overeating behavior. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness mobile application (MMA) combined with a comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI) focused on weight loss and eating behaviors for people with metabolic syndrome based on post-intervention follow-up data.

Method

Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a CLI group or a CLI + MMA group. Participants received weekly CLI for 13 weeks, followed by telephone counseling for 13 weeks. The CLI + MMA group also had access to the MMA. Feasibility was assessed by the number of people who refused to participate, rate of adherence to the MMA, follow-up rate, and participant satisfaction. The preliminary endpoint was weight change (at 26 weeks). Participants completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). A mixed linear model was used for efficacy analysis.

Results

Eight of the 40 participants declined to participate. The MMA was used 4.4 ± 1.7 days per week, but the rate of adherence declined over time. The follow-up rate was 100%, and there was no difference in participant satisfaction between the groups. There was no significant group-by-time interaction for weight loss (p = 0.924), but there was a significant interaction for the DEBQ restrained eating score (p = 0.033).

Conclusions

This study found that CLI plus MMA was highly feasible and moderately acceptable. There were no significant differences in weight loss between the groups, but the CLI + MMA group showed an increase in restrained eating. Further large-scale studies are needed.

Trial Registration

Japanese University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN-ICDR). Clinical Trial identifier number UMIN000042626.
On the generation of metric TSP instances with a large integrality gap by branch-and-cut
Authors: Vercesi Eleonora , Gualandi Stefano , Mastrolilli Monaldo , Gambardella Luca Maria
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a computational method for generating metric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) instances having a large integrality gap. The method is based on the solution of an integer programming problem, called IH-OPT, that takes as input a fractional solution of the Subtour Elimination Problem (SEP) on a TSP instance and computes a TSP instance having an integrality gap larger than or equal to the integrality gap of the first instance. The decision variables of IH-OPT are the entries of the TSP cost matrix, and the constraints are defined by the intersection of the metric cone with an exponential number of inequalities, one for each possible TSP tour. Given the very large number of constraints, we have implemented a branch-and-cut algorithm for solving IH-OPT. Then, by sampling cost vectors over the metric polytope and by solving the corresponding SEP, we can generate random fractional vertices of the SEP polytope. If we solve the IH-OPT problem for every sampled vertex using our branch-and-cut algorithm, we can select the generated TSP instance (i.e., cost vector), yielding the longest runtime for Concorde, the state-of-the-art TSP solver. Our computational results show that our method is very effective in producing challenging instances. As a by-product, we release the , a library of 41 small metric TSP instances which have a large integrality gap and are challenging in terms of runtime for Concorde.
Antibacterial β-Glucan/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Films for Wound Healing
Authors: Pino Paolo , Pellegrino Giorgia , Ronchetti Silvia , Mollea Chiara , Bosco Francesca , Onida Barbara
Published: March 2023

Advanced antimicrobial biomaterials for wound healing applications are an active field of research for their potential in addressing severe and infected wounds and overcoming the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Beta-glucans have been used in the preparation of these materials for their bioactive properties, but very little progress has been made so far in producing biomedical devices entirely made of beta-glucans and in their integration with effective antimicrobial agents. In this work, a simple and eco-friendly method is used to produce flexible beta-glucan/nanostructured zinc oxide films, using glucans derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The properties of the films are characterized through scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and water absorption tests. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the nanostructured zinc oxide and of the composite films are assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, showing a marked effectiveness against the former. Overall, this study demonstrates how a novel bionanocomposite can be obtained towards the development of advanced wound healing devices.
Practical aspects on non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks against AES software implementation with two types of masking countermeasures including RSM
Authors: Kuroda Kunihiro , Fukuda Yuta , Yoshida Kota , Fujino Takeshi
Published: March 2023

Deep-learning side-channel attacks, applying deep neural networks to side-channel attacks, are known that can easily attack some existing side-channel attack countermeasures such as masking and random jitter. While there have been many studies on profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks, a new approach that involves applying deep learning to non-profiled attacks was proposed in 2018. In our study, we investigate the structure of multi-layer perceptrons and points of interest for non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks using the ANSSI database with a masking countermeasure. The results of investigations indicate that it is better to use a simple network model, apply regularization to prevent over-fitting, and select a wide range of power traces that contain side-channel information as the points of interest. We also implemented AES-128 software implementation protected with the Rotating Sboxes Masking countermeasure, which has never been attacked by non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks, on the Xmega128 microcontroller and carried out non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks against it. Non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks successfully recovered all partial keys while the conventional power analysis could not. The attack results also showed that the least significant bit is the adequate selection for successful non-profiled deep-learning side-channel attacks, but the best labeling method may vary depending on the implementation of the countermeasure algorithm. We conducted two experimental analyses to clarify that deep-learning side-channel attacks learn mask values used in the masking countermeasure. One is the gradient visualization used in previous studies, and the other is a new analysis method using partial removal of power traces.
Influence of feedstock mixtures on the fuel characteristics of blended cornhusk, cassava peels, and sawdust briquettes
Authors: Waheed M. A. , Akogun O. A. , Enweremadu C. C.
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the influence of feedstock mixture on the fuel characteristics of briquettes produced from sawdust (SD), cornhusk (CH), and cassava peels (CP) for domestic and industrial applications. The feedstock was each studied singly and mixed in the ratio 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30 with the binder to feedstock ratio of 20:100 by mass for briquette production and characterization. The elemental and proximate analyses were carried out to evaluate fuel properties. The briquette structural arrangement was determined with the Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Detector, while the functional groups was obtained from FTIR analyzer. A non-isothermal Coats-Redfern method was carried out to determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factors. The O/C and H/C ratios slightly decrease when the mixing ratio of sawdust with other feedstocks increased. The bonding of the briquette samples was enhanced by blending CH with other feedstocks, thereby improving the structural integrity of the mixed briquettes and closing the gaps and voids within and between particles. The highest infrared transmittance of C–H, OH, C–O, and C=C was found in SD briquette followed by CH and CP while CH briquette contained higher C–C. The activation energy of the briquettes varied between 39.70 and 60.76 kJ/mol. The hypothetical thermal plant analysis of the briquettes shows that mixed CH/CP and CH/SD respectively reduced the potential for CO2 and NO2 emissions. Furthermore, Ca, P, and K played the most significant role in the briquette’s agglomeration. The mixing of feedstocks for briquettes production has great fuel potential for heating applications.
Initial-boundary value problems for coupled systems of time-fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Huang Xinchi , Liu Yikan
Published: March 2023

This article deals with the initial-boundary value problem for a moderately coupled system of time-fractional diffusion equations. Defining the mild solution, we establish fundamental unique existence, limited smoothing property and long-time asymptotic behavior of the solution, which mostly inherit those of a single equation. Owing to the coupling effect, we also obtain the uniqueness for an inverse problem on determining all the fractional orders by the single point observation of a single component of the solution.
Repellent Screening of Selected Plant Essential Oils Against Dengue Fever Mosquitoes Using Behavior Bioassays
Authors: Deng Wan , Li Mi , Liu Sisi , Logan James G. , Mo Jianchu
Published: March 2023

Among the efforts to reduce mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, essential oils (EOs) have become increasingly popular as natural replacements for the repellant DEET. In this study, seven commercially available plant EOs against Aedes species mosquitoes were evaluated for their complete protection time (CPT, min) in vivo using human-hand in cage tests (GB2009/China and WHO2009). Among the EOs with the highest efficacy in repelling mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were clove bud oil and patchouli oil. Both were further assessed according to the in vivo method recommended by the WHO, to determine their minimum effective dose and CPT. A comparison of the ED50 values (dose yielding a 50% repellent response) of these two EOs against Aedes aegypti(L.) showed that the ED50 (2.496 µg/cm2) of patchouli oil was 1248 times higher than that of clove bud oil (0.002 µg/cm2), thus demonstrating them greater efficacy of the latter in repelling Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. For the 2 EOs, eugenol was the major component with higher than 80% in relative amount of the clove bud oil. The patchouli oil had more than 30% of character chemical patchouli alcohol along with α-bulnesene (10.962%), α-guaiene (9.227%), and seychellene (7.566%). Clove bud oil was found to confer longer complete protection than patchouli oil against a common species of mosquito. These results suggest use of EOs as safe, highly potent repellents for use in daily life and against mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever.
Perceptions About Innovative and Traditional Learning Spaces: Teachers and Students in New Zealand Primary Schools
Authors: Fletcher Jo , Everatt John , Subramaniam Yogeetha Devi Bala , Ma Ting
Published: March 2023

In New Zealand, the architectural design of schools and the spaces where children learn are being innovated to allow for more opportunities for teachers and students to work collaboratively. However, there is a dearth of research that has investigated both teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the learning spaces. Little attention has been paid to Asian students, who may perceive learning quite differently from their English-only speaking counterparts. This article compares the perceptions of teachers with students, highlighting the group from Asian backgrounds in both innovative with traditional learning spaces. Fourteen Year 5 and 6 primary teachers from traditional and innovative learning environments were interviewed. Additionally, a questionnaire was given to 150 Year 5 and 6 students. The study found that although many of the teachers perceived challenges with noise and distraction in innovative learning environments, this was not as evident in the responses from the students, particularly the Asian students.
The new CEN/TS 19100: Design of glass structures
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Laurs Maximilian , Belis Jan , Buljan Nebosja , Criaud Annie , Dupont Eric , Eliasova Martina , Galuppi Laura , Hassinen Paavo , Kasper Ruth , Louter Christian , Manara Giampiero , Minne Anne , Morgan Tim , Pisano Gabriele , Overend Mauro , Royer-Carfagni Gianni , Schneider Jens , Schwind Gregor , Schuler Christian , Siebert Geralt , Sikynova Anna
Published: March 2023

Since the beginning of 2021, CEN/TS 19100 Design of Glass Structures has been available in its first three parts. The fourth part is expected soon. This Technical Specification of the European standards organisation CEN is as a pre-standard of a corresponding future Eurocode. These documents constitute the first ever comprehensive design code for the entire structural glass engineering field on the European market for the first time. In addition to a clear outline, the Technical Specification has been drafted to be compatible with EN 1990 “Basis of Design” and to address glass-specific design matters, particularly related to robustness and redundancy. Although the standard still has the status of a CEN/TS, thereby allowing the European nations the option of whether to introduce it, either in full or in parts, it already contains national openings through which the European countries can adapt the design results to their own safety level by National Determined Parameters (NDPs). Such an approach already anticipates the future Eurocode, which is expected to be published as EN 19100—Design of Glass Structures. This article provides some context on the history and concept behind the new documents and gives an overview of the design rules and the corresponding technical background of the different parts of CEN/TS 19100.
Numerical investigation of moving gel wall formation in a Y-shaped microchannel
Authors: Dabiri Donya , Dehghan Banadaki Mohammad , Bazargan Vahid , Schaap Allison
Published: March 2023

Molecular diffusive membranes play crucial roles in the field of microfluidics for biological applications e.g., 3D cell culture and biosensors. Hydrogels provide a range of benefits such as free diffusion of small molecules, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to be produced in bulk. Among various hydrogels, Pluronic F127 can be used for cell culture purposes due to its biocompatibility and flexible characteristics regarding its environment. Aqueous solutions of Pluronic F127 shows a reversible thermo-thickening property, which can be manipulated by introduction of ions. As a result, controlled diffusion of ions into the solution of Pluronic F127 can result in a controlled gel formation. In this study, the flow of immiscible solutions of Pluronic and sodium phosphate inside a Y-shaped microchannel is simulated using the level set method, and the effects of volume flow rates and temperature on the gel formation are investigated. It is indicated that the gel wall thickness can decrease by either increasing the Pluronic volume flow rate or increasing both volume flow rates while increasing the saline volume flow rate enhances the gel wall thickness. Below a critical temperature value, no gel wall is formed, and above that, a gel wall is constructed, with a thickness that increases with temperature. This setup can be used for drug screening, where gel wall provides an environment for drug-cell interactions.

Article Highlights

Parallel flow of Pluronic F127 and saline solutions inside a Y-shaped microchannel results in formation of a gel wall at their interface.

The numerical analysis reveals the impact of each inlet flow rate and temperature on gel wall thickness and movement.

The findings indicate that the gel wall has a low but steady velocity toward the saline solution.

Graphical abstract
Direct detection of photo-induced reactions by IR: from Brook rearrangement to photo-catalysis
Authors: Glotz Gabriel , Püschmann Sabrina , Haas Michael , Gescheidt Georg
Published: March 2023

In situ IR detection of photoreactions induced by the light of LEDs at appropriate wavelengths provides a simple, cost-effective, and versatile method to get insight into mechanistic details. In particular, conversions of functional groups can be selectively followed. Overlapping UV–Vis bands or fluorescence from the reactants and products and the incident light do not obstruct IR detection. Compared with in situ photo-NMR, our setup does not require tedious sample preparation (optical fibers) and offers a selective detection of reactions, even at positions where 1H-NMR lines overlap or 1H resonances are not clear-cut. We illustrate the applicability of our setup following the photo-Brook rearrangement of (adamant-1-yl-carbonyl)-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, address photo-induced α-bond cleavage (1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), study photoreduction using tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II), investigate photo-oxygenation of double bonds with molecular oxygen and the fluorescent 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium photocatalyst, and address photo-polymerization. With the LED/FT-IR combination, reactions can be qualitatively followed in fluid solution, (highly) viscous environments, and in the solid state. Viscosity changes during the reaction (e.g., during a polymerization) do not obstruct the method.

Graphical abstract
Biosynthesis, and characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) obtained from the extract of waste of strawberry
Authors: Khan Azhar U. , Malik Nazia , Singh Bijendra , Ansari Nizamul Haque , Rehman Meenal , Yadav Annu
Published: March 2023

Nanotechnology has become a promising approach and gain the appreciable recognition due to have biomedical application. Nanoparticles exhibited unique characteristic and play an effective role in area of science. The synthesis of nanoparticles with desire size and shape is an important field of research in nanotechnology. Herein we synthesized the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc acetate as precursor and extract of waste strawberry extract as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent. Further, obtained ZnO NPs characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, EDX, XRD, and TEM analysis. The UV–vis result confirm ZnONPs formation with its surface Plasmon resonance peak (SPR) at 311 nm due to the collective oscillations of electrons in the conduction band in UV–vis spectra. XRD peaks also meet the standard of ZnONPs peaks and indicated that the prepared material consists of particles in nanoscale range. The SEM and TEM analyze the morphology, shape and size in range 50 nm with spherical shape. The FTIR was tested the functional group liable for the synthesis of ZnONPs.

Graphical Abstract
Metafictive devices in children’s picturebooks and the development of children’s critical multimodal literacies
Authors: Turner Carmel , Barton Georgina , Riddle Stewart
Published: March 2023

High-quality children’s literature, including picturebooks, are important resources in the classroom for students to engage with complex and sometimes concerning contemporary issues. One strategy to involve students in learning about such issues is through the use of metafictive devices, which are literary stratagems that draw readers into knowing more about a topic and helping them understand and interpret them safely. In this paper, we analyse three selected texts that contain important and deliberate metafictive devices used by award-winning authors/illustrators. First, we share brief synopses of each book and then provide detailed analyses of the literary tools used by the authors, including how they support students’ meaning-making practices through language and image. Then we consider how these works were used in a primary school classroom to improve children’s critical multimodal literacies so that they became more discerning readers who could effectively cope and engage with complex and troubling world issues through literature.
Social innovation that connects people to coasts in the Anthropocene
Authors: Celliers Louis , Mañez Costa María , Rölfer Lena , Aswani Shankar , Ferse Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Post-industrial society is driving global environmental change, which is a challenge for all generations, current and future. The Anthropocene is the geological epoch in which humans dominate and it is rooted in the past, present, and future. Future sustainability is building on the momentum of the fundamental importance of studying human dynamics and governance of coupled social and ecological systems. In the Anthropocene, social innovation may play a critical role in achieving new pathways to sustainability. This conventional narrative review uses a qualitative analysis anchored in the Grounded Theory Method and a systematic collection and analysis of papers to identify broad types of social innovations. Scientific journal articles published since 2018 were prioritised for inclusion. The six types of social innovation proposed are (a) authentic engagement; (b) artful and engaging communication; (c) urging and compelling change; (d) governance for social-ecological systems; (e) anticipation in governance; and (f) lived experiences and values. The six innovations proposed in this paper can be embedded within, and form part of, social action using a science–society compact for the sustainable development of coasts in the Anthropocene.
Representing Mixtures
Authors: Wills James
Published: March 2023

I describe two candidate representations of a mixture. The first, which I call the standard representation, is not a good representation of a mixture in spite of its widespread popularity. The second, which I call Gibbs’s representation, is less widely adopted but is, I argue, a much better representation. I show that once we have a precise mathematical structure that can be used to represent thermodynamic systems, and once an adequate perspective on representation is adopted, Gibbs’s representation trumps the standard representation.
Skylab: the film transfer boom
Authors: Smith G. A.
Published: March 2023

IN 1970, Skylab planners decided to provide the astronauts with extendible booms to convey film cassettes weighing 125 earth pounds between the Airlock Module and the Apollo Telescope Mount. This paper describes the boom and its dispensing mechanism, and discusses problems encountered with the mechanism during the test programme. These problems were mainly associated with operation in cold temperature, lubrication, and the motor/ gearhead assembly. Another set of problems which arose during crew training in the MSFC water tank is also discussed.

Experience from this programme leads to the conclusion that attention to detail is the cardinal rule for mechanisms designers. Such things as the correct choice of lubricant, the build-up of tolerances, and the effect of differential contraction of metals can make or break a design.

Two Film Transfer Booms were used during six separate EVAs over the almost nine-month Skylab mission. At these times, film for five solar physics experiments was replenished and retrieved from two work stations on the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), and the touch of a button sent extendible stainless steel booms carrying bulky cassettes at six inches a second across thirty feet of space.
Aspect of non-destructive inspection in relation to service failure analysis
Authors: de Graaf E. A. B.
Published: March 2023

The specialists called upon after the failure of a structural component to establish the true cause of the failure find themselves often in the fortunate position that they are able to tell from the fracture what went wrong. In such cases they can readily make suggestions either to improve a bad construction or to replace an unsuitable material. The consequences regarding fulure non-destructive inspection of similar components are often less readily appreciated.

The present paper deals with a number of aircraft component service failures. First, the paper discusses how inspection procedures can be improved as a consequence of service failure analysis. Secondly the paper considers the possibility that changes in existing inspection procedures may lead to unexpected defect discoveries. The third topic shows that the service failure analyst can employ standard non-destructive techniques in unusual ways with increased effectiveness. Finally it is shown that the application of inspection techniques using fluids can influence the subsequent analysis of a failure.
Some aspects of aeronautical research
Authors: Morgan Morien
Published: March 2023

I am breaking new ground—new ground to me—in addressing the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, since I am a dyed-in-the-wool aeronautical engineer and my professional contacts with your part of the world have been largely with Scottish aeroplane and missile activities; I know less than I should about your shipbuilding and general engineering scene apart from occasional excursions to the NEL at East Kilbride.
Axisymmetric vibrations of ring stiffened shallow spherical shells
Authors: Jain R. K. , Kirk C. L.
Published: March 2023

The natural frequencies of a plate or a shell can be changed by altering its stiffness. This can be achieved by appropriately varying the mass or curvature, by introducing initial stresses or by attaching stiffeners to the system. The last method has obvious advantages over the other methods. The natural frequencies are thus raised, lowered or remain unchanged depending on (i) the dimensions of the stiffener relative to the plate or shell dimensions, and (ii) its position.
Civilian vertical lift systems and aircraft in North America
Authors: Stepniewski W. Z.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this presentation is to provide a survey of civilian VTOL activities in the United States. However, because of space limitations, attention can be focused on only a few topics. Nevertheless, it is believed that a representative picture of technical and organisational activities, current and future trends, and problems is presented.

The unique capability of vertical-lift systems (permitting take-offs and landings from restricted areas) generates a special market for these aircraft, because the needs of carrying both people and goods cannot be fulfilled equally well by other modes of transport. In this respect, the helicopter, which at present is the only operational VTOL concept, has demonstrated that a demand for its services, especially in such fields as offshore oil rig support, business flying, crane operations, etc, generates its own momentum of spontaneous growth, which should become quite visible from this presentation.