bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer at Critical Facial Sites: Results and Strategies of the Surgical Treatment of 102 Patients
Authors: Freitas Carlos Alberto Ferreira de , Santos Andreza Negreli , Bittner Guilherme Canho , Sanabria Baltazar Dias , Levenhagen Maria Margarida Morena Domingos , Hans-Filho Günther
Published: June 2019

Background. To evaluate the surgical treatment results of a consecutive series of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer in critical facial regions such as the nose, lip, eyelid, ear, forehead, cheek, and chin. Methods. This was a prospective observational cohort study evaluating the surgical treatment results of 102 patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer who underwent surgical excision and required some type of reconstruction. The reconstruction strategy used, histological type and margins, aesthetic result, and complications were evaluated. Results. The most common facial site was the nose (48.01%), followed by the eyelid, ear, cheek, forehead, and lip. The most frequently used type of reconstruction was the advancement flap (30.39%), followed by transposition flap (27,45%), rotation flap (14.70%), and grafts (10.78%). Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type, accounting for 90.19% of the sample, with 54.90% of these cases being of the nodular subtype. Disease-free margins were obtained in 94.11% of the patients, and only one patient presented compromised margins and underwent marginal extension. A good cosmetic result was found in 93.13% of the participants. Conclusion. Surgical treatment can provide excellent oncological, functional, and cosmetic results in the treatment of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer at critical facial sites.
[Retracted] Multidimensional Fragility Analysis for a NEES Frame Structure by Integrating a New Energy Damage Index: Cumulative Plastic Strain
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wu Ziyan
Published: June 2019

Cumulative plastic strain (CPS) damage index is proposed in this study for seismic fragility analysis by integrating the force analogy method into the energy balance equation, and CPS can be defined as the ratio of the demand of plastic dissipation energy to its capacity. The cumulative plastic strain can indicate the structural damage cumulative effect under earthquakes, which makes it especially suitable to be selected as the damage index for the structural component. Threshold values of cumulative plastic strain for different performance limit state (PLS) levels are obtained through the degree of consistency of interstory drift‐based fragility curves and CPS‐based fragility curves. Regarding the multidimensional fragility evaluation, CPS and the floor acceleration will be selected as the quantification indices for performance limit state of the structural component and nonstructural component, respectively. The probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) following multivariate logarithmic normal distribution will be developed, and taking PLS uncertainty and correlation into consideration, multidimensional PLS function is constructed to identify the structural failure domain. A full‐scale 2‐bay 2‐story frame structure for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) project is employed as the case study structure to demonstrate the proposed theory. Nonlinear dynamic time‐history analysis is carried out for the structure to obtain its maximum responses under earthquakes. Consequently, the multidimensional fragility curves can be derived on the basis of CPS. Besides, the influence of PLS threshold value, engineering demand parameter (EDP) correlation, and PLS correlation on the multidimensional fragility is investigated. Results show that (1) CPS damage index can fully consider the cumulative effect of damage under earthquakes, which makes up for the deficiency of the interstory drift damage index in this aspect, (2) the multidimensional fragility framework can deal with the PLS correlation and EDP correlation simultaneously, which will generate a more precise seismic damage assessment result, and (3) multidimensional fragility is sensitive to PLS threshold values and PLS correlation parameters.
Comparison of Complicated and Simple Guiding Templates in Mandibular Reconstruction Using Vascularized Iliac Crest Flap
Authors: Zho Mei , Shao Zhe , Zhu Yuxi , Liu Bing , Wu Tianfu
Published: June 2019

Objective. This study aims to compare the degree of accuracy achieved in mandibular reconstruction between complicated guiding templates (CGT) and simple guiding templates (SGT), to evaluate the necessity to spend more time to design complicated templates prior to surgery. Methods. The preoperative virtual surgery plan (VSP) was used to simulate the osteotomy and accurate mandibular reconstruction strategy. Then the guiding templates were designed and printed to transfer the VSP into the real operation. Between July 2013 and November 2014, we used the SGT in 13 L-type mandibular defect reconstructions utilising vascularized iliac crest bone (VICB). From March 2015 to March 2018, we used CGT in 14 L-type mandibular defects, also reconstructing with VICB. The indicators of mandibular symmetry, midline deviation, alveolar height loss, bone conjunction gap, and operation time were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results. The overall bone graft success rate was 100% (27/27) between all patients. The SGT and CGT groups showed similar symmetry (1.01 ± 0.03 vs. 1.03 ± 0.04, P = 0.11) and mandibular midline displacement (1.0 ± 0.7 mm vs. 1.2 ± 0.8 mm, P=0.29). The CGT group showed less alveolar height deficiency than the SGT group (3.0 ± 2.4 mm vs. 7.8 ± 6.8 mm, P=0.01) and lesser bony conjunction gap between the graft and the mandible (1.6 ± 0.7 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 mm, P = 0.02). The average operation time was significantly lower in the CGT group than in the SGT group (340.5 ± 74 min vs. 391.9 ± 41.7 min, P = 0.02). Conclusion. In the simple mandibular reconstruction, the time-consuming CGT did not significantly improve the symmetry and midline displacement compared to SGT, but it demonstrated less reduction (increased preservation) in alveolar height and decreased the size of the bone conjunction gap. And in addition, CGT also reduced the average operation time and simplified intraoperative procedures compared with SGT.
Evaluating Iraqi Modified Asphalt Concrete Moisture Resistance Based on Strength Ratio and Fracture Energy Parameters
Authors: Taki Zahir Noori M. , Abed Alaa H. , Al-Mosawe Hasan
Published: June 2019

Two types of polymers (plastomer (functionalized polyethylene (PE)) and elastomer (styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS))) were used for shifting up asphalt binder performance grade (PG) and tensile strength resistance (moisture damage) of the asphalt concrete mixture. It is found that adding 3.5% functionalized polyethylene (PE) polymer to the binder is more effective than adding 4% styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) to shift up asphalt PG by two grades to PG 76‐16. Furthermore, the viscosity of the binder increased about 200% when using 4% SBS, while there is no significant effect on viscosity when 3.5% PE is used. Therefore, there is no need to increase the temperature of mixing and compaction which may affect polymers. The indirect tensile test was used for measuring tensile strength ratio of dry and wet samples (conditioned according to ASTM D4867) and found that this ratio increased by 10 to 18% when using 4% SBS and 3.5% PE, respectively. Fracture energy (area under the strength‐strain curve) and elasticity were estimated for neat and modified mixture samples.
A Peptide Probe Enables Photoacoustic-Guided Imaging and Drug Delivery to Lung Tumors in K-rasLA2 Mutant Mice
Authors: Jung Hyunkyung , Park Sungjo , Gunassekaran Gowri Rangaswamy , Jeon Mansik , Cho Young-Eun , Baek Moon-Chang , Park Jae Yong , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu-Kyoung , Kim In-San , Kim Chulhong , Lee Byungheon
Published: June 2019

The lack of molecular targets and targeting probes remains a major drawback for targeted imaging and drug delivery in lung cancer. In this study, we exploited in vivo phage display to identify a novel targeting probe that homes to the tumor in a K-rasLA2 mutant mouse lung cancer model. Compared with other candidate peptides selected from 5 rounds of phage display, the CRQTKN peptide homed to tumor nodules in the lung of mutant mice at higher levels. Photoacoustic tomography of mutant mice detected lung tumors via tumor homing of the near-infrared fluorescence dye-labeled CRQTKN peptide. Ex vivo photoacoustic images of isolated organs further demonstrated tumor homing of the CRQTKN peptide, whereas minimal accumulation was observed in control organs, such as the liver. Compared with untargeted liposomes and doxorubicin, doxorubicin-loaded liposomes whose surface was modified with the CRQTKN peptide more efficiently delivered doxorubicin and reduced the number or size of tumor lesions in K-rasLA2 mutant mice. Analysis of hematologic parameters and liver and kidney function showed no significant systemic side effects by the treatments. Affinity-based identification was used to detect TNF receptor superfamily member 19L (TNFRSF19L), which was upregulated in lung tumors of mutant mice, as the receptor for the CRQTKN peptide. In conclusion, these results suggest that the CRQTKN peptide is a promising targeting probe for photoacoustic-guided detection and drug delivery to lung cancer, and acts by binding to TNFRSF19L.

Significance:

These findings present a new tumor-targeting probe for photoacoustic-guided detection and drug delivery.
Comprehensive Genomic Landscapes in Early and Later Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lieu Christopher H. , Golemis Erica A. , Serebriiskii Ilya G. , Newberg Justin , Hemmerich Amanda , Connelly Caitlin , Messersmith Wells A. , Eng Cathy , Eckhardt S. Gail , Frampton Garrett , Cooke Matthew , Meyer Joshua E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

The incidence rates of colorectal cancers are increasing in young adults. The objective of this study was to investigate genomic differences between tumor samples collected from younger and older patients with colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design:

DNA was extracted from 18,218 clinical specimens, followed by hybridization capture of 3,769 exons from 403 cancer-related genes and 47 introns of 19 genes commonly rearranged in cancer. Genomic alterations (GA) were determined, and association with patient age and microsatellite stable/microsatellite instability high (MSS/MSI-H) status established.

Results:

Overall genomic alteration rates in the younger (<40) and older (≥50) cohorts were similar in the majority of the genes analyzed. Gene alteration rates in the microsatellite stable (MSS) younger and older cohorts were largely similar, with several notable differences. In particular, TP53 (FDR < 0.01) and CTNNB1 (FDR = 0.01) alterations were more common in younger patients with colorectal cancer, and APC (FDR < 0.01), KRAS (FDR < 0.01), BRAF (FDR < 0.01), and FAM123B (FDR < 0.01) were more commonly altered in older patients with colorectal cancer. In the MSI-H cohort, the majority of genes showed similar rate of alterations in all age groups, but with significant differences seen in APC (FDR < 0.01), BRAF (FDR < 0.01), and KRAS (FDR < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Tumors from younger and older patients with colorectal cancer demonstrated similar overall rates of genomic alteration. However, differences were noted in several genes relevant to biology and response to therapy. Further study will need to be conducted to determine whether the differences in gene alteration rates can be leveraged to provide personalized therapies for young patients with early-onset sporadic colorectal cancer.
Analysis of the Genomic Landscape in ALK+ NSCLC Patients Identifies Novel Aberrations Associated with Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Couëtoux du Tertre Mathilde , Marques Maud , Tremblay Lise , Bouchard Nicole , Diaconescu Razvan , Blais Normand , Couture Christian , Pelsser Vincent , Wang Hangjun , Higenell Valerie , Izzi Luisa , Gambaro Karen , Hoffert Cyrla , Srivastava Archana , Spatz Alan , Rousseau Caroline , McNamara Suzan , Cohen Victor , Batist Gerald , Agulnik Jason
Published: June 2019

Rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene are found in approximately 5% of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Here, we present a comprehensive genomic landscape of 11 patients with ALK+ NSCLC and investigate its relationship with response to crizotinib. Using whole-exome sequencing and RNAseq data, we identified four rare ALK fusion partners (HIP1, GCC2, ERC1, and SLC16A7) and one novel partner (CEP55). At the mutation level, TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene and was only observed in patients with the shortest progression-free survival (PFS). Of note, only 4% of the genes carrying mutations are present in more than 1 patient. Analysis of somatic copy number aberrations (SCNA) demonstrated that a gain in EML4 was associated with longer PFS, and a loss of ALK or gain in EGFR was associated with shorter PFS. This study is the first to report a comprehensive view of the ALK+ NSCLC copy number landscape and to identify SCNA regions associated with clinical outcome. Our data show the presence of TP53 mutation as a strong prognostic indication of poor clinical response in ALK+ NSCLC. Furthermore, new and rare ALK fusion partners were observed in this cohort, expanding our knowledge in ALK+ NSCLC.
Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis Complicated with Small Cell Lung Cancer at the Time of Recurrence
Authors: Sadamatsu Hironori , Kurihara Yuki , Takahashi Koichiro , Komiya Kazutoshi , Ogusu Shinsuke , Hirakawa Haruki , Tashiro Hiroki , Nakashima Chiho , Nakamura Tomomi , Sueoka-Aragane Naoko
Published: June 2019

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare neurologic disorder that can complicate various malignancies, including lung cancer. PLE is most frequently found the initial presentation of lung cancer. In this study, we reported the case of a 74-year-old Japanese woman who developed PLE after partial remission of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by first-line systemic chemotherapy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no metastatic tumor or cerebrovascular disease. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-amphiphysin antibodies were detected in her serum. She was diagnosed as having PLE related to the recurrence of SCLC and received high-dose glucocorticoid, and sequentially systemic chemotherapy with amrubicin. Unfortunately, these treatments did not improve her disease progression and she died 4 months later. Although PLE rarely occurs at the time of SCLC recurrence, physicians should pay attention to PLE onset even after chemotherapy.
Late and Rapid Relapse in Mediastinum from Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Stage I Over 13 Years after Surgery
Authors: Fukushima Toshirou , Noguchi Takuro , Kobayashi Takashi , Sekiguchi Nodoka , Ozawa Takesumi , Koizumi Tomonobu , Tamada Hisashi
Published: June 2019

Patients with stage I testicular germ cell tumors have a long life expectancy, but the tumors have a potential to relapse after treatment. Although relapse is observed within a few years in most cases, late relapse over 10 years after initial treatment has also been reported in patients with stage I testicular germ cell tumors. We encountered a case of testicular seminoma that developed mediastinal lymph node metastasis 13 years after radical surgery for the primary tumor. The relapsed disease progressed rapidly and the patient died within 1 month due to respiratory failure without any chance for therapy. On postmortem examination, the thoracic lesions were pathologically confirmed to be metastases from the testicular seminoma with yolk sac tumor. Here, we report the clinical course and a review of the relevant literature. Based on our experience, we emphasize long-term follow-up and/or careful examination in patients with stage I testicular germ cell tumors.
Feiras de cerveja – vias de construção do “artesanal”
Authors: Krohn Lilian Verena Hoenigsberg
Published: June 2019

O trabalho visa explicitar como feiras voltadas às cervejas funcionam não apenas enquanto locais de circulação e troca de mercadorias, mas enquanto focos de formação e circulação de discursos e representações e como espaço de articulação de pessoas, sendo locus privilegiado para a análise das dinâmicas próprias de formação de mercado. Para etnografias de feiras do mercado de cerveja, com destaque para os discursos proferidos em palestras. Como argumento central, temos que esses espaços possuem importância simbólica e política para aquelas cervejarias que buscam ser identificadas dentro do espectro “artesanal” pois, por um lado, são locais de construção do discurso da qualidade e identidade de seu produto enquanto uma categoria à parte; e por outro lado são locais de articulação da ação coletiva voltada a proteger e desenvolver seu espaço. Assim, podemos captar nesses eventos, e considerá-los também parte do processo de construção de um mercado “artesanal” e de seus agentes.
Bolivianos em São Paulo: territórios e alteridade
Authors: Pucci Fábio M. Serrano , Véras Maura P. Bicudo
Published: June 2019

Este artigo aborda as relações de sociabilidade e a produção da alteridade dos imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo na atualidade, tendo sido selecionados os bairros do Brás e Grajaú, por apresentarem condições de vida diferenciadas a partir das distintas localizações. Em função da natureza dos temas tratados, utilizou-se o método qualitativo, sendo entrevistados tanto bolivianos como seus vizinhos brasileiros. Alguns resultados indicaram correlação significativa entre a presença de bolivianos no Grajaú e a tentativa de se dissociar dos estigmas a eles atribuídos no bairro do Brás, pois relatam que são vistos mais por sua singularidade do que pelos estereótipos, enquanto os imigrantes do Brás afirmam o contrário.
Regulation of health workforce in India
Authors: Lal Dharmesh K.
Published: June 2019

Health workforce regulations are central to achieving health objectives, ensuring high and safe standards of healthcare. The health workforce regulation needs to ensure quality of education, infrastructure and continual maintenance of professionals' standards across all health professions. These measures also assure the public, other stakeholders, and practitioners that all the concerns about standards of the workforce will be addressed in transparent and consistent manner. Broadly the regulations consist of policy making, admission guidelines to the different health professional courses, defining and regulating education standards through controlling the qualifications and expertise of the faculty, teaching institutes required infrastructure, maintenance of a register, continuous upgradation and regular assessment of professional skills as well as monitoring the quackery-practice by unqualified people, investigating and dealing with problems in relation to the conduct, health or performance of registered practitioners. Healthcare in India is provided by a variety of groups with varying skill levels, across a range of systems of medicine both in the public and private sector and there are regulatory bodies for doctors, dentists, nurses and pharmacists. This paper presents Indias' Health Workforce Regulatory Model, identifying its main institutions and regulatory mechanisms.
Additions to the flora of Arunachal Pradesh State, India
Authors: Tiwari Umeshkumar Lalchand
Published: June 2019

The paper highlights the occurrence of five angiosperm species in Arunachal Pradesh in India, namely Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Lindenbergia grandiflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth., Balanophora polyandra Griff., Maoutia puya (Hook.) Wedd., and Isachne pulchella Roth., which are additions to the flora of the state.
A report on additions to the flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Tagore Johny Kumar , Jansirani Ponnaiah , Soosairaj Sebastian
Published: June 2019

The present paper deals with the collection of Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) and Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) from South and Little Andaman Islands, constituting new records for the flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.

 

Alpinia malaccensis, Dhanikari Botanical Gardens, Little Andaman Islands, Monochoria hastata, new distribution records, Pontederiaceae, South Andaman Islands, Zingiberaceae.
Diel activity pattern of meso-carnivores in the suburban tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast, India
Authors: Selvan Kangaraj Muthamizh , Krishnakumar Bawa Mothilal , Ramasamy Pasiyappazham , Thinesh Thangadurai
Published: June 2019

Sympatric and similar body-sized species exhibit interspecific competition for resources.  The present study investigated diel activity of five meso-carnivore species (Canis aureus, Felis chaus, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Viverricula indica, and Herpestes edwardsii) in a human-dominated region of Auroville and around Pondicherry University using camera-trap survey data.  Diel activity pattern and overlap were estimated using the kernel density method.  The Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Golden Jackal Canis aureus exhibited cathemeral diel activity with a high overlap between them (Δ̂1 = 0.78).  The Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had low overlap with the Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (Δ̂1 = 0.34).  Moderate overlap was found between the Small Indian Civet and the Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Δ̂1 = 0.32).  Therefore, diel activity patterns of mesocarnivores indicate inter- and intra-specific trade-off competition avoidance resulting in successful foraging.  The present camera-trap survey has provided insights into diel activity patterns and more attention is required to be paid to the study of feeding and breeding ecology of these species in human-dominated landscapes.
Cardiovascular Health Among Non‐Hispanic Asian Americans: NHANES, 2011–2016
Authors: Fang Jing , Zhang Zefeng , Ayala Carma , Thompson‐Paul Angela M. , Loustalot Fleetwood
Published: June 2019

Background

Asian Americans are the fastest growing population in the United States, but little is known about their cardiovascular health (CVH). The objective of this study was to assess CVH among non‐Hispanic Asian Americans (NHAAs) and to compare these estimates to those of non‐Hispanic white (NHW) participants.

Methods and Results

Merging NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data from 2011 to 2016, we examined 7 metrics (smoking, weight, physical activity, diet, blood cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure) to assess CVH among 5278 NHW and 1486 NHAA participants aged ≥20 years. We assessed (1) the percentage meeting 6 to 7 metrics (ideal CVH), (2) the percentage meeting only 0 to 2 metrics (poor CVH), and (3) the overall mean CVH score. We compared these estimates between NHAAs and NHWs and among foreign‐born NHAAs by birthplace and number of years living in the United States. The adjusted prevalence of ideal CVH was 8.7% among NHAAs and 5.9% among NHWs (
P
<0.001). NHAAs were significantly more likely to have ideal CVH (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29–1.55) compared with NHWs. Among NHAAs, there was no significant difference in ideal CVH between US‐ and foreign‐born participants, nor by number of years living in the United States. With lower body mass index thresholds (<23, normal weight) for NHAAs, there were no statistically significant differences in the adjusted prevalence of ideal CVH (6.5% versus 5.9%,
P
=0.216) between NHAAs and NHWs.

Conclusions

NHAAs had a higher prevalence of overall ideal CVH compared with NHWs. However, when using a lower body mass index threshold for NHAAs, there was no difference in ideal CVH between the groups.
Effects of the Angiotensin‐Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor on Cardiac Reverse Remodeling: Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Zhou Ran , Lu Chi , Chen Qing , Xu Tongda , Li Dongye
Published: June 2019

Background

The angiotensin‐receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan was shown to be superior to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in terms of reducing cardiovascular mortality in the PARADIGM‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) study. However, the impact of ARNI on cardiac reverse remodeling (CRR) has not been established.

Methods and Results

We conducted a meta‐analysis to compare the effects of ARNI versus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on CRR indices. We searched databases for studies published between 2010 and 2019 that reported CRR indices following ARNI administration. Effect size was expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs. Twenty studies enrolling 10 175 patients were included. ARNI improved functional capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) and a reduced ejection fraction (EF), including increasing New York Heart Association functional class (MD −0.79, 95% CI −0.86, −0.71) and 6‐minute walking distance (MD 27.62 m, 95% CI 15.76, 39.48). ARNI outperformed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers in terms of CRR indices, with striking changes in left ventricular EF, diameter, and volume. However, there were no significant improvements in indices except left ventricular mass index (MD −3.25 g/m
2
, 95% CI −3.78, −2.72) and left atrial volume (MD −7.20 mL, 95% CI −14.11, −0.29) in HF patients with preserved EF treated with ARNI. Improvements in CRR indices were observed at 3 months and became more significant with longer follow‐up to 12 months. The regression equation for the relationship between left ventricular EF and end‐diastolic dimension was y=0.041+0.071x+0.045x
2
+0.006x
3
.

Conclusions

ARNI distinctly improved left ventricular size and hypertrophy compared with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers in HF with reduced EF patients, even after short‐term follow‐up. Patients appeared to benefit more in terms of CRR treated with ARNI as early as possible and for at least 3 months. Further large sample trials are required to determine the effects of ARNI on CRR in HF with preserved EF patients.
Frequency of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Post-Endovascular Therapy and Multiple Thrombectomy Passes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Luby Marie , Hsia Amie W. , Nadareishvili Zurab , Cullison Kaylie , Pednekar Noorie , Adil Malik Muhammad , Latour Lawrence L.
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

The high prevalence of hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) seen after endovascular therapy is suggestive of blood-brain barrier disruption and hemorrhage risk and may be attributable to multiple thrombectomy passes needed to achieve recanalization.

Methods—

Patients with acute stroke were included if they were screened from January 2015 through February 2019, received an acute ischemic stroke diagnosis involving the anterior circulation, treated with or without IV tPA (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator), consented to the NINDS Natural History Study, and imaged with a baseline magnetic resonance imaging before receiving endovascular therapy. Consensus image reads for HARM and hemorrhagic transformation were performed. Good clinical outcome was defined as 0–2 using the latest available modified Rankin Scale score.

Results—

Eighty patients met all study criteria and were included in the analyses. Median age was 65 years, 64% female, 51% black/African American, median admit National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=19, 56% treated with IV tPA, and 84% achieved Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b/3. Multiple-pass patients had significantly higher rates of severe HARM at 24 hours (67% versus 29%;
P
=0.001), any hemorrhagic transformation (60% versus 36%;
P
=0.04) and poor clinical outcome (67% versus 36%;
P
=0.008). Only age (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12;
P
=0.022) and severe HARM at 24 hours post-endovascular therapy were significantly associated with multiple passes (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.93–26.92;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—

In this exploratory study, multiple thrombectomy passes are independently associated with a significant increase in blood-brain barrier disruption detected at 24 hours. Patients with HARM post-endovascular therapy had a >7-fold increase in the odds of having multiple- versus single-pass thrombectomy.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00009243.
Does Affirmative Action Incentivize Schooling? Evidence from India
Authors: Khanna Gaurav
Published: June 2019

Affirmative action raises the likelihood of getting into college or obtaining a government job for minority social groups in India. I find that minority group students are incentivized to stay in school longer in response to changes in future prospects. To identify causal relationships, I leverage variation in group eligibility, school age cohorts, and state-level intensity of implementation in difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity designs. These estimators consistently show that affirmative action incentivizes about 0.8 additional years of education for the average minority group student and 1.2 more years of education for a student from a marginal minority subgroup.
Phytotaxa Begonia Special Issue: Part II (TItle & copyright page)
Authors: TIAN DAI-KE , SHUI YU-MIN , HUGHES MARK , KIEW RUTH , TEBBITT MARK , MOONLIGHT PETER W.
Published: June 2019

N/A
Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages
Authors: BLANTON REBECCA E. , JENKINS ROBERT E.
Published: June 2019

The federally endangered Duskytail Darter, Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins, is known from only six highly disjunct populations in the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Only four are extant. Variation in morphology including meristics, morphometrics, and pigmentation was examined among the four extant populations and limited specimens from the two extirpated populations (Abrams Creek and South Fork Holston River). Analyses of these data found each of the extant populations is morphologically diagnosable. The few specimens available from Abrams Creek and South Fork Holston River prevented thorough assessment of variation, and these were grouped with their closest geographic counterparts, Citico Creek, and Little River, respectively. Three new morphologically diagnosable species are described: E. sitikuense, the Citico Darter, from Citico Creek, Abrams Creek, and Tellico River (Tennessee River system); E. marmorpinnum, the Marbled Darter, from the Little River and South Fork Holston River (Tennessee River system); and E. lemniscatum, the Tuxedo Darter, from the Big South Fork (Cumberland River system). Each species warrants federal protection as an endangered species.
A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States
Authors: FREEMAN MARY C. , FREEMAN BYRON J. , BURKHEAD NOEL M. , STRAIGHT CARRIE A.
Published: June 2019

Percina crypta, the Halloween Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in Georgia and Alabama. Percina crypta differs from sympatric Percina nigrofasciata in having narrowly separated dorsal saddles (inter-saddle spaces typically less than or equal to saddle width, compared to frequently wider than saddle width in P. nigrofasciata), in usually possessing a single modified scale between the pelvic bases (compared to two or more in P. nigrofasciata), and in having dark wide bands on pectoral-fin rays (versus pectoral fin clear, or with irregular dark marks or weak tessellations on fin rays in P. nigrofasciata). Phylogenetic relationships of P. crypta to other species of Percina are obscure. Percina crypta occurs in shoal and riffle habitats in the Chattahoochee and Flint River mainstems and in a few tributary systems, with the known extant range comprising four disjunct areas separated by mainstem impoundments and altered river reaches.
Parasitism of Entedon costalis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Glocianus punctiger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): an example of intentional discovery of the parasitoid-host association
Authors: GUMOVSKY ALEX V.
Published: June 2019

The biology and morphology of early larval instars of Entedon costalis Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), are described in detail for the first time. The parasitoid-host association of E. costalis was revealed as a result of selection of candidate host based on combination of assumptions based on biology of related species and field surveys. E. costalis proved to be an egg-larval parasitoid of the weevil Glocianus punctiger (Gyllenhal), which is associated with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers). Parasitism rate of G. punctiger by E. costalis was 25% in the model patch which was sampled in May, where infestation of dandelion inflorescence by G. punctiger was 27%. The female of E. costalis lays her egg into the host egg, but the first instar larva hatches within the first instar host. Larvae of G. punctiger start their feeding as internal flower-stalk borers, continue as seed-eaters in flowerheads, and then pupate underground when matured coincident with seed dispersal (generally in the end of May). Parasitized and unparasitized mature larvae of G. punctiger pupate underground, in earthen cells, where the parasitoid larvae finally consume their hosts and pupate 2–3 days thereafter. Adults of E. costalis emerge the following spring (about mid April), as dandelions being flowering. The morphology of immature stages and behaviour of adults is described. Various peculiarities of parasitoidhost relationships superparasitism, siblicide, host immune response are described and discussed. DNA sequences of the nuclear 28S D2 rDNA gene were obtained for E. costalis.
A review of the genus Paratus Simon (Araneae, Dionycha)
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , ZHENG GUO , LI SHUQIANG
Published: June 2019

The spider genus Paratus Simon, 1898 was known for more than hundred years from a single female from Sri Lanka. A survey of spiders in south China and northern India reveals two new species: P. sinensis sp. n. and P. indicus sp. n. Both species are described based on males and females. The study of the copulatory organs and somatic morphology led us to conclude that Paratus cannot be placed in any described subfamily of Liocranidae, where it was placed originally, or in Corinnidae. Therefore, we describe a new subfamily Paratinae subfam. n. and retain this group within Liocranidae.
The Encyclopedia of Life vs. the Brochure of Life: Exploring the relationships between the extinction of species and the inventory of life on Earth
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-OREJA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: June 2019

One of the most crucial questions of twenty-first century systematic biology deals with the determination of the real number of living species currently sharing the Earth with us (Cracraft 2002); answers vary widely, but commonly range between 3 and 100 million (see, for example, Stork 1997 or May 2002 and references therein). However, in terms of completeness and correctness, our current inventory of living species is certainly unsatisfactory (Dubois 2003), as the total number of species described so far is known to correspond to only a very small fraction of the Earth´s biodiversity. Indeed, large numbers of species remain to be discovered, primarily insects, small invertebrates and, above all, microorganisms (Chevalier et al. 1997). On the other hand, this gap of knowledge regarding the magnitude of the Earth´s biodiversity limits our capacity to properly manage the world´s biotic resources and conserve biological diversity in this so-called Century of Extinctions (Dubois 2003): the current biodiversity crisis is wiping out a significant fraction of living species at an alarming rate and, sadly, an unknown number of species is being forever lost before being discovered, described, and named. Likewise, conservation priorities are clearly constrained by our limited knowledge of the total biodiversity (Dubois 2003, Scotland et al. 2003).
Ficopomatus talehsapensis, a new brackish-water species (Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Ficopomatinae) from Thailand, with discussions on the relationships of taxa constituting the subfamily, opercular insertion as a taxonomic character and their taxonomy, a key to its taxa, and their zoogeography
Authors: PILLAI T. GOTTFRIED
Published: June 2019

A new brackish-water serpulid polychaete species belonging to the genus Ficopomatus from Thailand is described. It had previously been identified as another known species belonging to the same genus. Taxonomic problems within the subfamily Ficopomatinae to which it belongs and the relationship of the genus Marifugia and its single known species which occurs in freshwater are discussed. While the other known genera of the subfamily possess seven thoracic chaetigers, Marifugia has six, but agrees with the former with regard to all other important characters. Likewise, among typically marine taxa, the genus Pomatoleios has six thoracic characters but agrees with the genera Pomatoceros and Spirobranchus with regard to all other important characters. As there are also other known serpulid genera having six thoracic chaetigers, an analysis was undertaken of 10 genera, six of them having six thoracic chaetigers and the remaining four seven. It revealed that Marifugia is the sister to the clade containing the other two genera of the Ficopomatinae (Neopomatus and Ficopomatus) and Pomatoleios is sister to the clade containing Pomatoceros and Spirobranchus. The usefulness of opercular insertion/derivation from a particular branchial radiole as a character in serpulid taxonomy is discussed. As observed in adults and juveniles of species belonging to ficopomatine genera, as well on available evidence on post-larval development, their opercular insertion is in the position of the first branchial radiole, unlike in genera such as Pomatoceros and Hydroides where it is on the second. A key to the known taxa of the subfamily is provided. Although they may be geographically separated by oceanic and/or terrestrial barriers, their common characters, including their ability to survive and propagate in their respective typically non-marine habitats, are indicative of their monophyly.
Angelagrion gen. nov. with description of A. nathaliae sp. nov. and A. fredericoi sp. nov. from Brazil (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: LENCIONI FREDERICO A. A.
Published: June 2019

A new genus of Coenagrionidae is described from Brazil, Angelagrion (type species Angelagrion fredericoi sp. nov.) including two new species, A. fredericoi sp. nov. and A. nathaliae sp. nov.. The new genus is characterized by an enormous and modified internal fold of genital ligula, abdominal segments S8-10 dark brown or black contrasting with mostly bluish abdomen, sternum of S8 in males with a circular bluish-white spot, and short CuA.
Neoperlops vietnamellus, a rare stonefly from Vietnam (Plecoptera: Perlidae)
Authors: CAO THI KIM THU , BAE YEON JAE
Published: June 2019

A rare perlid stonefly, Neoperlops vietnamellus, sp. nov., is described from Vietnam. Descriptions and figures of key characters are provided for the male and female adult, nymph, and egg stages. The male adult of N. vietnamellus can be distinguished from other congeners by its unique distribution of patches of sensilla basiconica posteromesally on the abdominal terga VII–IX, by the absence of sensilla basiconica on the anterior processes of the hemiterga, and by the absence of prominent spines along ventral edge of the hemiterga. The female adult has a slightly protruding subgenital plate on the abdominal sternum VIII as a strongly sclerotized mesal tab. The nymphs can be distinguished by the distinct M-line marking on the head, relatively long cerci, and a lack of dense swimming hairs on cerci. The egg chorion surface is completely smooth, and the anchor features a number of long filaments.
Rediscovery of Gryon chrysolaum (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)—an egg parasitoid of Holhymenia rubiginosa Breddin and Anisoscelis foliacea Fabricius (Heteroptera: Coreidae)
Authors: POLASZEK ANDREW , KOLBERG ROBERTA
Published: June 2019

During surveys of natural enemies of the leaf-footed bugs Holhymenia rubiginosa Breddin and Anisoscelis foliacea Fabricius in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, two species of primary egg parasitoids belonging to the genus Gryon were reared from these hosts. One of these Gryon species was identified as G. chrysolaum Walker, a species unknown since its description nearly 170 years ago. The second Gryon species reared was G. vitripenne Masner. These rearings represent the first host records for this species. Levels of parasitism by G. chrysolaum were 35% and 53% on H. rubiginosa and A. foliacea respectively. Additional specimens reared were a Neorileya and a Telenomus species. After examination of unidentified Gryon specimens in the Natural History Museum, London, a further three specimens were located, from Brazil and Mexico. Data on hosts and localities of all known specimens of G. chrysolaum are presented, and the species is redescribed and compared with its closest known relatives. The female is described for the first time.
Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)
Authors: HUBER BERNHARD A.
Published: June 2019

The diversity of Neotropical pholcids is extraordinary, but our knowledge about this diversity is still fragmentary (Huber 2000). This is especially true at the level of species, where many dozens, more probably hundreds, of species remain undescribed. Evidence for this high number comes from regional surveys that yielded dozens of species within relatively limited geographic areas (e.g. Silva 1996; Florez 1996), and from the low degree of species overlap between localities (e.g. in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, B. A. Huber, unpublished data). Venezuela may well be among the nations with the highest diversity, and the recent increase in genus and species numbers partly reflects this situation.
A new species of Orthomus Chaudoir, 1838 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Madeira island (Macaronesia) and notes on related species
Authors: SERRANO ARTUR R. M. , AGUIAR CARLOS A. S. , BOIEIRO MÁRIO C. , BORGES PAULO A. V. , REGO CARLA , ARNORIM ISABEL R. , RIBEIRO SÉRVIO P. , PEREIRA FERNANDO
Published: June 2019

The present study describes a new ground-beetle species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Madeira island (type localities: FANAL and RIBEIRO BONITO), Orthomus (Nesorthomus) susanae Serrano & Borges, n. sp. Adults were sampled by means of pitfall traps. This work provides diagnostic characters, in particular the structure of male genitalia, and the distribution of this new species. Affinities to putative relatives and a key for the identification of males of the eight Orthomus (Nesorthomus) species of the Madeira island are also given.
Five new leafhopper species of the genus Typhlocyba Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China
Authors: HUANG MIN , ZHANG YA-LIN
Published: June 2019

Five species, T. napoensis, T. bilaminata, T. serrata, T. triannulata and T. tubercula spp. nov., of genus Typhlocyba Germar from China are described and illustrated. A key to males of Chinese Typhlocyba species is provided.
A new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Honduras, parasite of Bauerus dubiaquercus (Van Gelder) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Antrozoinae)
Authors: GRACIOLLI GUSTAVO , DICK CARL W.
Published: June 2019

Basilia (Basilia) dubiaquercus sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) is described. The new species was collected from the bat Bauerus dubiaquercus (Van Gelder) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Honduras. The habitus, abdomen, and male terminalia are figured. Placement of the new species among established species groups of Basilia (Basilia), as well as the conservation status of the species, is discussed.
Catalogue of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. IV. Arachnida: Acari, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei and Schizomida
Authors: SATURNINO REGIANE , TOURINHO ANA LÚCIA , DE AZEVEDO CLARISSA SALETTE , MAGALHÃES CÉLIO
Published: June 2019

An updated catalogue of type specimens of Acari, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei and Schizomida deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented. A total of 19 holotypes and 23 lots of paratypes of 22 species of Acari; three lots of paratypes of one species of Palpigradi; 28 holotypes and 209 lots of paratypes of 30 species of Pseudoscorpiones; two holotypes and two lots of paratypes of two species of Ricinulei; and five holotypes and two lots of paratypes of six species of Schizomida are listed. Scientific names are listed alphabetically by family, followed by bibliographic citation, type status, collection number, locality data, collector, and collecting date.
Morphological variation in Thermophis Malnate (Serpentes: Colubridae), with an expanded description of T. zhaoermii
Authors: GUO PENG , LIU SHAO YING , HUANG SONG , HE MIAO , SUN ZHI YU , FENG JIN CHAO , ZHAO ER MI
Published: June 2019

The colubrid snake genus Thermophis is endemic to higher altitudes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. It has been little studied and remains poorly understood. Until Guo et al.’s (2008) description of T. zhaoermii, Thermophis had been monotypic, containing only T. baileyi (Wall 1907). Here, a detailed comparison of external characters, skull and hemipenial morphology in T. baileyi and T. zhaoermii is presented. Both species are sexually dimorphic, and clearly distinct from one another in external, skull and hemipenial characters. An expanded characterization of the recently d e s c r i b e d z h a o e r m i i is provided. Key words: China, morphology, snakes, systematics, Thermophis
First record of female intersex in Hirschmanniella shamimi Ahmad, 1972 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), with a checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes
Authors: ZHUO KAN , LIAO JINLING , CUI RUQIANG , LI YUZHONG
Published: June 2019

Two intersexes of Hirschmanniella shamimi are described and illustrated for the first time from soil samples around rice roots in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The two intersexes have developed female reproductive organs as well as rudimentary male sexual characters. A checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes is also given here.
Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species
Authors: POLA MARTA , RUDMAN WILLIAM B. , GOSLINER TERRENCE M.
Published: June 2019

In this study all available species of the nudibranch family Bornellidae (Bornella Gray, 1850, Pseudobornella Baba, 1932) are re-examined anatomically and their status re-evaluated. Of these, B. hancockana Kelaart, 1859 syn. nov., B. arborescens Pease, 1871 syn. nov., B. caledonica Crosse, 1875a syn. nov., and B. marmorata Collingwood, 1881 syn. nov. are considered to be new synonyms of B. stellifer (Adams and Reeve in Adams, 1848), and B. japonica Baba, 1949 syn. nov. is considered to be a new synonym of B. hermanni Angas, 1864. Two species, B. excepta Bergh, 1884 and B. simplex Eliot, 1904, are at present unrecognizable, B. semperi Crosse 1875b is here considered a nomen nudum, and four new species, B. dotoides sp. nov., B. pele sp. nov., B. valdae sp. nov. and B. johnsonorum sp. nov. are proposed. These are compared with a further four recognized species, B. calcarata Mörch, 1863, B. anguilla Johnson, 1984, B. sarape Bertsch, 1980 and B. irvingi Edmunds and Preece, 1996. The presence of an unpaired oral gland in Bornella is reported for the first time. The reproductive system is diaulic, and the morphology of the penis and the arrangement of the penial spines are considered diagnostic for most species. The monotypic genus Pseudobornella is re-examined for the first time. A comparative table for all recognized species is also provided. The review of the morphological differences within the family provides the basis for a phylogenetic analysis of the group. Bornella is shown to represent a monophyletic clade while the monophyly of the family Bornellidae is not supported.