bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Users for a Smoking Cessation Mobile App: Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chevalking S K Leon , Ben Allouch Somaya , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein , Postel Marloes G , Pieterse Marcel E
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

The number of mobile apps that support smoking cessation is growing, indicating the potential of the mobile phone as a means to support cessation. Knowledge about the potential end users for cessation apps results in suggestions to target potential user groups in a dissemination strategy, leading to a possible increase in the satisfaction and adherence of cessation apps.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to characterize potential end users for a specific mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation app.

METHODS

A quantitative study was conducted among 955 Dutch smokers and ex-smokers. The respondents were primarily recruited from addiction care facilities and hospitals through Web-based media via websites and forums. The respondents were surveyed on their demographics, smoking behavior, and personal innovativeness. The intention to use and the attitude toward a cessation app were determined on a 5-point Likert scale. To study the association between the characteristics and intention to use and attitude, univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

The multivariate ordinal logistic regression showed that the number of previous quit attempts (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95% CI 2.4-7.0, and OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.0-5.9) and the score on the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.8-0.9, and OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.8-0.9) positively correlates with the intention to use a cessation app and the attitude toward cessation apps, respectively. Personal innovativeness also positively correlates with the intention to use (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4) and the attitude towards (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4) a cessation app. No associations between demographics and the intention to use or the attitude toward using a cessation app were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is among the first to show that demographic characteristics such as age and level of education are not associated with the intention to use and the attitude toward using a cessation app when characteristics related specifically to the app, such as nicotine dependency and the number of quit attempts, are present in a multivariate regression model. This study shows that the use of mHealth apps depends on characteristics related to the content of the app rather than general user characteristics.
Promoting Goal Setting: An Experimental Study of Positive Psychology in an EFL Context
Authors: Noori Samieh , Narafshan Mehry Haddad
Published: April 2018

The present quasi-experimental study addresses the impact of a Character Strength Based Positive Psychology Intervention (CSBPPI) on Goal Setting (GS) of TEFL university students in Iran. In so doing, the study utilized an experimental design with 18 participants in the control group and 18 participants in the experimental group which totalled 7 male and 29 female students. The pretest showed that the participants of the two groups were homogenous with regard to their proficiency level as well as their goal setting. Data was collected over five months using Erickson et al. (2015) goal setting questionnaire before and after an MA course. The results of the post-test revealed that PP has a positive and significant impact on learners’ goal setting. The findings from this research suggest positive paths from positive psychology to understanding, managing and successfully setting the goals. 
A Tale of Seven Scientists and a New Philosophy of Science
Authors: Chamizo José Antonio
Published: April 2018

Partiendo del trabajo de diversos investigadores vinculados al desarrollo de la tabla periódica, Eric Scerri intenta construir una nueva filosofía de la ciencia. La mayoría de dichos personajes, identificados por él mismo como "intermedios" , son desde nuestro presente desconocidos y sus aportaciones, algunas correctas y otras no. A través de siete capítulos, que representan aproximadamente las tres cuartas partes del contenido total, Scerri relata la vida, los problemas y las contribuciones de siete "científicos", en su mayoría químicos, pero también economistas e ingenieros. En el último capítulo que ocupa la cuarta parte del libro aborda el tema más espinoso: tratar de convencer al lector, sin proporcionar pruebas suficientes de ello, de que el desarrollo de toda la ciencia, no solo la química, no solo alrededor de la tabla periódica, es evolutivo y no totalitario y tajantemente revolucionario. Antes de él, otros autores desde diferentes posiciones, habían indicado prácticamente lo mismo. Esto significa que no nos enfrentamos a una nueva filosofía de la ciencia, sino a una provocación vibrante sobre su desarrollo, que merece ser leída.
Enseñanza de la química desde contenidos contextualizados
Authors: Parga Lozano Diana Lineth , Piñeros-Carranza Gloria Yaneth
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo describe una investigación que caracterizó el currículo de enseñanza de la química en una Institución Educativa Distrital (IED) de Bogotá. A partir de esta se propuso y evaluó un currículo para la enseñanza de la química del grado décimo; en la propuesta se articularon los niveles disciplinar, metadisciplinar y cotidiano, como niveles de contextualización para la enseñanza de esta disciplina. El trabajo surge como necesidad de generar procesos que favorezcan el interés del estudiantado por la química y la mejora de la acción docente.

La investigación fue cualitativa, como estudio de caso y se estructuró en tres fases: diagnóstico, diseño e implementación. En la fase de diagnóstico se caracterizó el currículo del IED, se recolectó información a través de encuestas, entrevistas, análisis documental y observación no participante a profesores y estudiantes. En la fase de diseño, se realizó la propuesta curricular desde el macro, meso y microcurrículo fundamentados en los contenidos contextualizados. La fase de implementación evaluó la propuesta permitiendo superar los vacíos encontrados en la caracterización del currículo del IED. El microcurrículo fue abordado desde una cuestión socio científica, permitiéndole al estudiantado aproximarse a un aprendizaje contextualizado y desarrollando en ellos capacidades argumentativas frente a las controversias propuestas.
Teaching (and Learning) Introductory Chemistry Courses in Context: A 40-Year Reflection
Authors: Middlecamp Cathy
Published: April 2018

When instructors teach chemistry using real-world contexts, they weave connections between chemistry and the large public issues of our world.  They also weave connections between chemistry and the smaller – but equally significant – personal issues in the lives of their students.  Teaching and learning chemistry in real world contexts is not new; rather, it is a well-established practice backed by research on how people learn.  What has one college chemistry instructor (and her students) learned over the past 40 years?  The answer to this question is multi-dimensional, involving teaching philosophy, learning outcomes, changing contexts, changing content, and bringing the content and the contexts together. In answering this question, this paper employs air quality and plastics as examples of two real-world contexts that can engage students in learning chemistry through the “big questions” in our world today.
Justus von liebig (1803-1873): vida e ensino no laboratório De química
Authors: Derossi Ingrid , Freitas-Reis Ivoni
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir la metodología para la enseñanza de la química y el funcionamiento del laboratorio del estudioso alemán Justus von Liebig en el siglo XIX. La experimentación – presente en varios momentos de sus obras – es la principal característica de su metodo de enseñanza. Desde la forma de admisión de los candidatos en su laboratorio, se puede notar que el perfil investigativo era sobre el cual Liebig desiñó el perfil del químico que él anhelaba preparar. Para eso, buscamos en Gießen y en bibliotecas virtuales, documentos originales, como cartas intercambiadas por el propio estudioso con sus colegas, así como los relatos personales de sus ex alumnos que detallaban su personalidad y su forma de enseñar.
Nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento de infección urinaria no complicada, presentación de 2 casos clínicos
Authors: Reyes Andrés F. , Ramirez Marmolejo Roberto
Published: April 2018

La actual perspectiva en el manejo de enfermedades infecciosas es un reto para el clínico, en la medida en que se desarrollan nuevos antibióticos, las bacterias mejoran su sistema de resistencia. Por esto, este estudio presenta una alternativa al tratamiento de infección urinaria con CANTHARIS 9 CH, medicamento de uso homeopático que tiene estudios en humanos como profiláctico urinario. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes que aceptan voluntariamente recibir este nuevo protocolo. En ambos casos se muestra una confirmación microbiológica de la infección, con resistencia a quinolonas, entre otros, y negativización post tratamiento con el medicamento CANTHARIS 9 CH. No se reportaron efectos secundarios en esta muestra.
Prevalencia de infección asociada a catéter de hemodiálisis en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael
Authors: Gómez Javier , Pimienta Leonardo , Pino Rafael Fernando , Hurtado Maité , Villaveces Mariana
Published: April 2018

Introducción: la infección asociada a catéter es una condición con múltiples complicaciones y altera la calidad de vida de todo paciente en hemodiálisis. En este estudio, se pretendió estimar la prevalencia de infección asociada a dispositivos intravasculares de hemodiálisis en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael, en un periodo de dos años, y evaluar las complicaciones infecciosas asociadas, reingresos y muerte en la población en estudio.Metodología: estudio transversal de asociación en el que se incluyó la totalidad de pacientes en hemodiálisis atendidos en la institución durante los años 2015 y 2016. El análisis se presenta en términos descriptivos y asociaciones de variables demográficas y otros desenlaces con infección.Resultados: la prevalencia de infección asociada a catéter fue de 5,62 %. Se incluyeron 320 pacientes en total, 18 con infección asociada a catéter. El germen más común fue Estafilococo aureus metilcilino sensible, 61,1 % de los casos. Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la trombosis séptica y la necesidad de ingreso a UCI (p 0,0000).
The prevalence of thyroid nodules in children with family history for nodular goiter
Authors: AŞIK Zuhal , AYLANÇ Hakan
Published: April 2018

Introduction: There is insufficient study on the genetic
clustering of nodular goiter. Although twin studies have proved genetic
clustering, there is no prospective study on this topic. The aim of this study
is to investigate the existence of familial clustering by evaluating the
prevalence of thyroid nodules in the children of families with nodular goiter.Methods: The prevalence of thyroid nodules was calculated by
evaluating the thyroid ultrasound results of children from families with and
without nodular goiter.Results: Nodular goiter was detected in 5 children (3.4%), 2
(2.5%) from families with nodular goiter history and 3 (4.7%) from the control
group. There was no statistically significant difference between these two
groups.Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to investigate
the familial aspect of nodular goiter disease. In our study, children with
nodular goiter were the target group. Following statistical analysis,
clustering of nodular goiter was observed in the children of patients with
multinodular goiter.
Care-giving burden and quality of life in diabetic foot patients' care givers
Authors: YAZLA Ece , KARADERE Mehmet Emrah , TERZİ Özlem , DOLAPÇI Mete , YASTI Ahmet
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The burden of care-giving is defined as the burden
sustained by an individual who is giving care to an elderly, chronically ill or
incapacitated person; the levels of perception of the burden are known to be
affected by various personal and disease-related characteristics. Studies that
compare the burden of internal patients’ caregivers with psychiatric patients’
caregivers, reported higher caregiving burden for caregivers of psychiatric
patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the levels of the caregiving
burden of those caring for patients with diabetic foot with care-givers of
psychotic patients. Caregivers of those with inguinal hernia were designated as
the control group to determine the characteristics that are related to the
care-giving burden.   Methods: The study was comprised of care-givers of 30
hospital in-patients with diabetic foot, 30 in-patients with inguinal hernia,
and care givers of 30 patients with a recorded diagnosis of psychotic disorder at
Çorum Community Mental Health Centre. The evaluation was made from voluntary
completion of the Zarit Burden Interview Form and the Beck Depression, Beck
Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and Short Form-36 (SF-36)
scales. Results:  The
caregivers of the diabetic foot group were found to be mostly non-working
females. No difference was found between the burden levels of psychotic and
diabetic patient groups but the burden level of caregivers of psychotic
patients was determined to be significantly higher than the control group
(p<0.001). In comparison with those of the control and psychotic group, the
depression and anxiety scales of the diabetic foot group were signficantly high
and some points of the quality of life scales were determined to be
significantly low. A correlation between the duration of care-giving and the
burden was only determined in the diabetic foot group (r=0.421, p=0.020).

Conclusion: Care-givers of diabetic foot patients remained more
socially isolated. This was probably due to having to live with an elderly person
requiring care. For various reasons, care-givers of diabetic foot patients were
found to have high levels of anxiety and depression, low quality of life, and
burden levels as high as those of the psychotic group. Therefore, in the
context of protecting the physical and emotional health of care-givers, careful
monitoring and when necessary, supportive treatment would be appropriate.
Una presentación atípica de disección aórtica aguda en departamento de emergencias
Authors: Freille DJ , Álvarez Valdés BA , Nahuelan AC , Martínez Mangini AP
Published: April 2018

La disección de un aneurisma aórtico es una emergencia cuyo pronóstico
depende de un diagnóstico rápido y certero. Se caracteriza por la disección de los planos
laminares de la media, con la formación de un canal dentro de la pared aórtica, que con
frecuencia puede causar una hemorragia masiva.
Los síntomas clásicos son: dolor intenso y repentino de pecho que se extiende hacia el cuello
o la espalda, disnea y síntomas neurológicos tales como pérdida de visión, debilidad o
parálisis de un lado del cuerpo.
La mortalidad de la disección aórtica es alta; según la mayoría de los autores más de un
tercio de los pacientes mueren en las primeras 24 horas y casi el 95% mueren en el primer
mes.
Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 81 años de edad con una presentación
atípica de disección de aneurisma de aorta torácica atendido por un episodio sincopal
recuperado, sin dolor, disnea ni síntomas neurológicos.
Stability of the Light Output, Oral Cavity Tip Accessibility in Posterior Region and Emission Spectrum of Light-Curing Units
Authors: André CB , Nima G , Sebold M , Giannini M , Price RB
Published: April 2018

Objectives: 

This study evaluated the light output from six light-emitting diode dental curing lights after 25 consecutive light exposures without recharging the battery, tip accessibility in the posterior region, and light beam spread from light-curing units.

Methods: 

Irradiance, spectral peak, and radiant exposure were measured with the battery fully charged (Bluephase Style, ESPE Cordless, Elipar S10, Demi Ultra, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal) and monitored for 25 light exposures (each lasting 10 seconds). The tip diameter was measured to identify the beam size and the ability of the six light-curing units to irradiate all areas of the lower second molar in the standard output setting.

Results: 

Four curing lights delivered a single peak wavelength from 454 to 462 nm, and two (Bluephase Style and Valo Cordless) delivered multiple emission peaks (at 410 and 458 nm and 400, 450, and 460 nm, respectively). The irradiance and radiant exposure always decreased after 25 exposures by 2% to 8%, depending on the light unit; however, only ESPE Cordless, Valo Cordless, and Radii-Cal presented a statistical difference between the first and the last exposure. The tip diameter ranged from 6.77 mm to 9.40 mm. The Radii-Cal delivered the lowest radiant exposure and irradiance. This light was also unable to access all the teeth with the tip parallel to the occlusal surface of the tooth.

Conclusion: 

Not all of the blue-emitting lights deliver the same emission spectra, and some curing lights delivered a lower irradiance (as much as 8% lower) after the 25th exposure.
Influence of Different CAM Strategies on the Fit of Partial Crown Restorations: A Digital Three-dimensional Evaluation
Authors: Zimmermann M , Valcanaia A , Neiva G , Mehl A , Fasbinder D
Published: April 2018

Objective:

CAM fabrication is an important step within the CAD/CAM process. The internal fit of restorations is influenced by the accuracy of the subtractive CAM procedure. Little is known about how CAM strategies might influence the fit of CAD/CAM fabricated restorations. The aim of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the fit of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic partial crowns fabricated with three different CAM strategies. The null hypothesis was that different CAM strategies did not influence the fitting accuracy of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic partial crowns.

Methods and Materials:

Preparation for a partial crown was performed on a maxillary right first molar on a typodont. A chairside CAD/CAM system with the intraoral scanning device CEREC Omnicam (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) and the 3+1 axis milling unit CEREC MCXL was used. There were three groups with different CAM strategies: step bur 12 (12), step bur 12S (12S), and two step-mode (12TWO). The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic Celtra Duo (Dentsply Sirona) was used as the CAD/CAM material. A new 3D method for evaluating the fit was applied, consisting of the quadrant scan with the intraoral scanning device CEREC Omnicam. The scan of the PVS material adherent to the preparation and the preparation scan were matched, and the difference analysis was performed with special software OraCheck (Cyfex AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Three areas were selected for analysis: margin (MA), axial (AX), and occlusal (OC). Statistical analysis was performed using 80% percentile, one-way ANOVA, and the post hoc Scheffé test with α=0.05.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found both within and between the test groups. The aspect axial fit results varied from 90.5 ± 20.1 μm for the two-step milling mode (12TWO_AX) to 122.8 ± 12.2 μm for the milling with step bur 12S (12S_AX). The worst result in all groups was found for the aspect occlusal fit with the highest value for group 12S of 222.8 ± 35.6 μm. Group two-step milling mode (12TWO) performed statistically significantly better from groups 12 and 12S for the occlusal fit (p<0.05). Deviation patterns were visually analyzed with a color-coded scheme for each restoration.

Conclusions:

CAM strategy influenced the internal adaptation of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate partial crowns fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system. Sensible selection of specific areas of internal adaptation and fit is an important factor for evaluating the CAM accuracy of CAD/CAM systems.
Color and Translucency of Resin-based Composites: Comparison of A-shade Specimens Within Various Product Lines
Authors: Kim D , Park S-H
Published: April 2018

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the color and translucency of currently available resin-based composites (RBCs) with respect to the shade numbers within each product line.

Methods and Materials:

Four A-shades (A1, A2, A3, and A3.5) of nine RBC products (Beautifil II, Ceram-X One, Estelite Sigma Quick, Esthet-X HD, Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350 XT, Gradia Direct, Herculite Precis, and Tetric N-Ceram) were investigated. Ten disk-shaped specimens of two different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were prepared for each shade of the RBCs. The maximum blue light irradiance (Imax) through the specimen was recorded using a digital optometer. The color measurements were made according to the CIELAB color scale (quantifying L*, a*, and b*) using a colorimeter, and the translucency parameter (TP) was calculated. The L*, a*, b*, TP, and Imax values were compared among the different shades and thicknesses of each product using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test.

Results:

There were significant differences in the color and translucency among the shades and thicknesses within each product line (p<0.001). The L*, Imax, and TP of the 1-mm specimens were higher than those of the 2-mm specimens. The specimens showed equal or lower L* and Imax for higher shade numbers. The a* values differed only slightly among the shades, whereas the b* values were distributed over a relatively wide range. The TP values were independent of the order of shade numbers.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of this study, the RBCs became darker and yellowish as the shade number increased. The blue light irradiance decreased in increasing order of the shade numbers. Changes in the translucency demonstrated different trends among the shades, depending on the product line.
Accuracy of Buccal Scan Procedures for the Registration of Habitual Intercuspation
Authors: Zimmermann M , Ender A , Attin T , Mehl A
Published: April 2018

Clinical Relevance:

Accurate reproduction of the jaw relationship is important in many fields of dentistry. Maximum intercuspation can be registered with digital buccal scan procedures implemented in the workflow of many intraoral scanning systems.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of buccal scan procedures with intraoral scanning devices for the registration of habitual intercuspation in vivo. The hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference for buccal scan procedures compared to registration methods with poured model casts.

Methods and Materials:

Ten individuals (full dentition, no dental rehabilitations) were subjects for five different habitual intercuspation registration methods: (CI) poured model casts, manual hand registration, buccal scan with inEOS X5; (BC) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Bluecam; (OC4.2) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam software version 4.2; (OC4.5β) intraoral scan, buccal scan with CEREC Omnicam version 4.5β; and (TR) intraoral scan, buccal scan with Trios 3. Buccal scan was repeated three times. Analysis of rotation (Rot) and translation (Trans) parameters was performed with difference analysis software (OraCheck). Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Scheffé test (p<0.05).

Results:

Statistical analysis showed no significant (p>0.05) differences in terms of translation between groups CI_Trans (98.74±112.01 μm), BC_Trans (84.12±64.95 μm), OC4.2_Trans (60.70±35.08 μm), OC4.5β_Trans (68.36±36.67 μm), and TR_Trans (66.60±64.39 μm). For rotation, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) for groups CI_Rot (0.23±0.25°), BC_Rot (0.73±0.52°), OC4.2_Rot (0.45±0.31°), OC4.5β_Rot (0.50±0.36°), and TR_Rot (0.47±0.65°).

Conclusions:

Intraoral scanning devices allow the reproduction of the static relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth with the same accuracy as registration methods with poured model casts.
Incremental and Bulk-fill Techniques With Bulk-fill Resin Composite in Different Cavity Configurations
Authors: Han S-H , Park S-H
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

To compare the microtensile bond strengths of incremental and bulk-fill techniques under different C-factor and compliance conditions.

Methods and Materials:

Extracted human third molars were divided into three experimental groups. For group I, Class I cavities were prepared. For group II, MOD cavities of the same size were prepared. For group III, the cavities were prepared the same way as group II only with high compliance cavity walls. The cavity wall compliance of the specimens was evaluated. Each of these groups was divided into four subgroups. The teeth were restored using two different materials: TB (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill; Ivoclar Vivadent, Hanau, Germany) and VB (Venus Bulk Fill; Heraeus Kulzer, Armonk, NY, USA), and two methods, either an incremental or bulk-fill technique. Then, the microtensile bond strengths (μ-TBSs) were measured and compared. The polymerization stresses of the composites were calculated using a custom-made device. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Weibull analysis.

Results:

In group I, the μ-TBS obtained using the incremental technique was significantly higher than that obtained by the bulk-fill technique (p<0.05). In contrast, no difference of the μ-TBS value was observed between the two techniques in groups II and III. The μ-TBS value of group I was significantly lower than those of groups II and III (p<0.05). No statistical difference in the μ-TBS was observed when the cavities were filled with either TB or VB (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

The incremental technique showed higher bond strength than did the bulk-fill technique in high C-factor cavities. However, no difference was found between the two techniques in the low C-factor cavities. The bond strength in the high C-factor cavities was significantly lower than that of the low C-factor cavities.
Application of laser heating and its effects on bonding strengths for varied copper wire purity levels
Authors: Singh Gurbinder , Haseeb A. S. M. A.
Published: April 2018

Gold as the medium of interconnection is rapidly being replaced by copper as a means of creating connectivity in integrated circuit packaging. However, the use of copper wire is known to pose many threats in integrated circuit packaging, especially for devices with very thin die structures. The process of wire bonding which involves the formation of free air ball can be risky to the quality of integrated circuit packaging. The impact of hard copper free air ball onto the bonding surfaces may damage the bond pad and the silicon die. These challenges require innovative solutions that are able to be applied to integrated circuit packaging with minimal thermal and mechanical effect on the device. Through recent research, it is apparent that the laser processing technology can provide viable innovative solutions to electronic packaging. This research paper investigates the application of laser heating on copper wire bonding technology and its effects on bonding strength for three copper wire purity types, 99.9% purity (3 N), 99.99% purity (4 N), and 99.999% purity (5 N) copper wires. Wire bonding was performed on bond pads consisting of NiPdAu metallization under 16 different temperature conditions. Results of this study showed that different copper purity levels exhibit different bonding strengths with the application of laser heating. It is shown in this research that significantly higher as-bonded ball shear strengths were obtained when laser heating was applied at all three copper wire purity types. The results of this study can be helpful for integrated circuit packaging with copper wire bonding on thin die structures. Copper wires with lower purity levels are shown as a viable option by further improving the wire bonding quality with the application of laser heating without the need to use excessive bonding temperature, higher bonding force, and excessive ultrasonic energy.
Microcraters and surface quality in laser oxygen cutting of thick steel sheets
Authors: Shulyatyev Victor B. , Orishich Anatoly M.
Published: April 2018

Characteristics of microcrater structures on a laser-cut surface and their effect on surface roughness were experimentally studied for sheet thicknesses of 3–16 mm. The size and density of craters increased with the sheet thickness. The number of craters had a nonmonotonic dependence on the cutting velocity and peaked at the optimal cutting velocity, which minimized the roughness of the cut surface. A qualitative explanation of the observed phenomena was proposed. It appears that gas flow in the channel removes droplets from the melt mass, which decreases the melt mass in the lower part of the cut and reduces the roughness.
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus of Degenerative Disease
Authors: Syamsurizal Syam
Published: April 2018

Diabetes mellitus as a degenerative disease is difficult to cure but can be prevented by knowing the symptoms from the beginning. Developmental stage of diabetes: normal, prediabetes and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus can be divided into type-1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus and other types of diabetes mellitus. People with diabetes melitus type-2 90% of all diabetics. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is inherited polygenically. The genes that cause type 2 diabetes melitus include TCF7L2 gene, KCNJ11, HHEX, SLC30A8, CDKAL1, CDKN2A / 2B, IGF2BP2, and KCNQ, PPARG CAPN10, MC4R and FTO Genes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors: family history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, smokers, hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, lack of rest, and stress.Key words: DM, TCF7L2 and SNP
PENGARUH FIELD TRIP MANGROVE CAGAR ALAM PULAU DUA TERHADAP SIKAP ILMIAH SISWA SMA
Authors: Ratnasari Dwi , Koosbandiah RR Hertien , Supriatno Bambang
Published: April 2018

The aims of this study was to determine the effect of field trip Mangrove Pulau Dua Nature Reserve on the scientific attitude of high school students. The research method is used quasi experiment. On the design using two classes, experimental class and control class. The population is used the students of grade X SMA Negeri A Kota Serang. Data were obtained from a scientific attitude questionnaire calculated using MSI (Methode of Successive Interval) and a questionnaire of teacher and student responses regarding the implementation of learning. The results showed that there was no significant difference of scientific attitude between the experimental class and the control class.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD DIPADU MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KOMIK MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Werimon Siis , Damopolii Insar , Nunaki Jan H.
Published: April 2018

This study aims to know the effect of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model combined comic learning media on student achievement. The type of research was a quasi experimental used the nonequivalent control group design. The study population was all students of class VIII SMP N 15 Manokwari, amounting to 84 students. Determination of sample used purposive sampling technique and obtained class VIII A with a number of 29 students (as experiment class) and class VIII B with a number of 26 students (as control class). Data analysis used Mann Whitney Test at 0.05 significant level with the help of SPSS 22 for windows program. The results showed that the significant value of 0.00 <α = 0.05 with the average of student achievement that taught with STAD learning model combined comics of 68.34 higher than in students who were taught by conventional learning model with the average results learning for 54.00. The conclusion, there is an effect of STAD learning model combined with comic learning material of human digestive system on student achievement.
KORELASI IMPLEMENTASI MODEL POE BERBASIS INQUIRI-HUMANISTIK DENGAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL LEVEL I DECISION MAKING PADA PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR
Authors: Pratiwi Umi , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: April 2018

Curriculum 2013 as a curriculum that emphasizes the three domains of learning strongly supports the ability to solve problems. One of the capabilities that must be prepared in this century is the ability of high-level thinking is an important ability as part of the process of problem solving. This study aims to determine the ability of high-level thinking at Level I decision-making stage before entering the stage of problem solving, that is how the correlation of the application of Inquiri-Humanistic POE model (variable x) to the thinking ability of high level I in the decision making stage (variable II). This study uses the application of inquiry-humanistic POE model as a solution in solving the problems faced by physics education students. The subjects of the study used one group of subjects without any comparison, namely the second semester students of physics education courses in the Physics Basic lab course. This research is a pre experimental study of pretest-posttest one-group design supported by qualitative-descriptive approach. The research data is conducted using observation and test of high-order thinking ability (pretest end posttest). The results showed that the application of inquire-humanistic POE model correlated 0.307% to the ability of high level thinking level I in the decision making stage. It is expected that the next level can be measured significantly with the implementation of inquiry-humanistic POE model
UPAYA MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI KAJIAN KONSEP FISIKA PADA ARSITEKTUR KEARIFAN LOKAL BUDAYA SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Afrizon Renol , Dwiridal Letmi
Published: April 2018

The utilization of local wisdom in presentation of physics material of high school grade XI by physics education students is still not optimal. This indicates that the students who careless by sense of environmental. Physics learning resources in daily activities such as local wisdom needed to provide. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of physics concepts to local wisdom of West Sumatra culture as an effort to improve the character of environmental care. The type of research is qualitative research with survey method. Data collected by questionnaires, interviews, document analysis, field notes and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analyzed techniques of data which be used qualitative data techniques with steps are data reduction, presentation, conclusion and verification as data analyzed techniques. Result of the research is physics concepts of Rumah Gadang. First, although the Rumah Gadang roof was made of palm fiber but it still survive from leakage problems and wind exposure. The functions of the roofing of the Rumah Gadang are: (1) to increase the speed of the rain falling into the roof, (2) minimize the momentum on the roof, (3) projecting the force of the wind in all directions so that the wind is not trapped on the roof of the Rumah Gadang, 4) made of adhesive between kitchen ash with a good palm fiber (deep layer of palm fiber ), and 5) water deposition on the bad side of palm fiber (outer layer of palm fiber) so that it will be rise to back the surface of the roof through the capillarity mechanism. Second, the wall with a hollow layer can reduce the heat from outside the walls during the day so the air in the room is not as hot as the outside and the heat that has flowing in the room will be trapped by the wall so that air is not too cold at the night. Third, old pole serves as a reference to determine the equalibrium of Rumah Gadang and the poles are made with a slope which opposite direction on two sides (left and right house). This can be create a stable of equalibrium Rumah Gadang. Fourth, a stone of fondation that has a diameter greater than the diameter of the milestone can serve to minimize the fictive forces generated by the soil due to the occurrence of the earthquake. Fifth, the staircase made with a certain slope provides a distinct mechanical advantage for the visitor where the where the produced work made becomes as easier. The conclusions of this research indicates this study provide one of the efforts to improve the character of environmental care in physics learning.
PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR IPA TERPADU TEKANAN DAN SISTEM PERNAPASAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINTIFIK SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 8 PADANG
Authors: Amril Arnelli
Published: April 2018

The integrated science learning is required in the lessons according to the curriculum mandate of 2013. The reason is that all natural phenomena that occur can not be separated, but are a unity. In addition, the integration of scientific literacy in learning needs to be done to improve student learning outcomes. The fact that happened in school shows that integrated science learning has not been applied optimally and the value of scientific literacy test is still low. One solution that can be done is to apply scientifically integrated science-filled teaching materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the students 'scientific literacy and students' cognitive learning outcomes in science learning using integrated materials of pressure materials and respiratory system. The research includes classroom action research (PTK) with two cycles. Each cycle consists of four meetings. The subjects of the study were students of class VIII.B SMPN 8 Padang totaling 28 people. The instruments used in this study are the learning test sheets, the scientific concept appraisal sheets, the scientific process assessment sheets, and the scientific context appraisal sheets. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis, percentage method and graph technique. Based on data analysis that has been done can be presented two research results. First, the application of integrated teaching materials of pressure materials and respiratory system can increase students' scientific literacy in learning. This is evident from the improvement of three aspects of scientific literacy from the first cycle to the second cycle: scientific concepts, scientific processes, and scientific contexts. Second, students' cognitive learning outcomes increase from the first cycle with an average score of 75.36 to the second cycle with an average grade of 88.57. This suggests the use of integrated science materials of pressure and respiratory system in science teaching in schools can improve students' cognitive learning outcomes.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA TERPADU BERMUATAN LITERASI ERA DIGITAL UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMP KELAS VIII
Authors: Asrizal Asrizal , Festiyed Festiyed , Sumarmin Ramadhan
Published: April 2018

Science learning should be able to develop the ability to think, to work, to use tools, and to live in the world for students. Integrated Science learning and integration of digital age literacy give good opportunities for students to develop fourth of these skills. But the reality shows that the implementa-tion of integrated science learning and integration of literacy in learning can’t be implemented well. An alternative solution of this problem is to develop integrated science learning by integrating digital age literacy. Before developing this integrated science materials it is necessary to conduct preliminary research as a basis for designing this learning materials. The purpose of this preliminary research is to describe the integration of knowledge basic competencies of science subjects, the implementation of integrated science learning, the learning materials available for science learning, and the integrating literacy of students. The type of research was descriptive research method. As object of the research consist of science teachers, syllabus and science learning materials, and students of grade VIII in ju-nior high school. Instruments to collect data consist of interview guide sheet, science syllabus and learning materials document, and digital age literacy test sheet. Research data was analyzed with de-scriptive statistic. Base on data analysis can be stated that results of this research are: 1). integrated science learning on grade VIII junior high school students can’t be implemented well, 2). the value of integration of science learning materials and its application in knowledge basic competence can be classified into enough category, 3). generally science learning materials in integrated science text-books and science worksheet on grade VIII junior high school are still separated form, and 4). the average value of digital age literacy of students is classified into low category.
PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP INTEGRAL SEBAGAI ANTI TURUNAN, SUATU DESAIN RISET PADA KALKULUS INTEGRAL
Authors: Tasman Fridgo , Ahmad Defri
Published: April 2018

The low learning outcomes and student’s difficulties in understanding calculus courses, espe-cially integral topic, encourage us as researcher to design a calculus lesson for first year students by using realistic mathematical approach (Realistic Mathematics Education). For that we try to design a series of instructional activities starting from understanding integral as an anti derivative. The in-structional activity is designed and developed based on the learning process that occurs in the class-room by involving 30 first year students in FMIPA UNP. The classroom learning compared with our Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT). The results of teaching experiment show that students' un-derstanding of derivative plays important role in understanding the integrals, in general students have difficulty in communicating their ideas in determining the anti-derivative of a function. Through class-room discussions students can get ideas and discuss it in determining the anti-derivative of a function. Based on these results it is recommended to conduct classroom discussions to build students' under-standing in studying calculus especially integral as an anti derived.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MODUL LARUTAN PENYANGGA BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI MIA SMAN 7 PADANG
Authors: Yerimadesi Yerimadesi , Putra Ananda , Ririanti Ririanti
Published: April 2018

Quasi experiment research with randomized control posttest group only design was carried out to determine the effectiveness of using a discovery learning based module on students learning outcome. Grade XI MIA-1 to MIA-4 students academic year 2015/2016 in SMAN 7 Padang became population of this study. Through cluster sampling technique, grade XI MIA-1 and grade XI MIA-4 were chosen as experiment and control classes respectively. The experiment class was taught using discovery learning based module in buffer solution topic while the control class was taught the same topic conventionally without the module. Research instrument used was cognitive learning outcome test with multiple choice form. Data showed that the mean test score of experiement class (78.84) was higher than that of control class (71.09). Normality and homogenity test proved that both classes were homogeneous and normally distributed. T-test, as data analysis taken, showed that t-count (3,51) is bigger than t-table (1.67). Thus, it could be concluded that students’ cognitive learning outcome in experiment class is significantly higher than that in control class. The use of discovery learning-based module in buffer solution topic was effective in increasing learning outcome of grade XI MIA students in SMAN 7 Padang.
VALIDITAS LKPD FISIKA SMA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNINGBERBASIS TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL
Authors: Desmiwati Riti , Ratnawulan Ratnawulan , Yulkifli Yulkifli
Published: April 2018

One effort that can be done by teachers to improve the competence of students was to develop of Student Worksheet (LKPD). LKPD was said to be qualified if it has valid criteria. Valid means the developed product can be used to measure what should be measured. Validity of LKPD was assessed by experts in the field. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of LKPD experimentphysics oriented by problem based learning models be used tools practicum based on digital technology. The methode of this study was descrptive methode. The research instrument used was validation sheet in the form of assessment questionnaire. Analysis of data used descriptive analysis. The validation result was obtained LKPD physics experiment oriented Problem Based Learning model with tools of practicum based on digital technology was valid criteria.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS METODE PENEMUAN TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIK SISWA KELAS VII SMP ISLAM KEPENUHAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Annajmi Annajmi , Asra Azmi
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research was to produce a student activity sheet based guided discovery me-thod to improve understanding of the mathematical concept of junior high school students, determine the effectiveness and increase the ability of understanding mathematical concepts that students use the worksheet-based method of guided discovery. The method used was the development of research de-velopment model 4-D, that was define, design, develop and disseminate. The research was conducted in SMP Islam Kepenuhan of Rokan Hulu Riau with research subjects grade VIIIA. Student activity sheet and research instruments validated to the experts, then conducted limited field trial, resulting in the final and disseminate is the use of student activity sheet that has been developed on a broader scale, to subject teachers school math test field try to use this device. The results of the implementation of the trials showed Student Activity Sheet effective to use, as shown by an increase in the ability of students' understanding of the concept, where students in classical completeness there are 30 students who reached the KKM ≥ 70 ie 83.33% of the proceeds from the pretest posttest whereas only 23 those students who completed ie 63.88%, further capabilities increase student understanding of the concept of before and after learning that the average pretest results and the ability of understanding the con-cept 69.84 average yield of 81.35 posttest understanding of the concept. Based on the analysis of data, it is advisable to use a math teacher to student activity sheet based methods guided discovery learning.
STUDI TENTANG PENERAPAN TEKNIK BERTANYA PROBING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS X.1 SMAN 1 LUBUK SIKAPING
Authors: Maulana Heru
Published: April 2018

The low result of mathematics learning outcomes of students in grade X.1 SMAN 1 Lubuk Si-kaping can be caused by the low ability of students' mathematical communication. Generally, students is feeling difficult to express the ideas, solutions of a problem, whether it can be an answer or a re-sponse to what he or she thinks is poorly understood. One of the solution to solve this problem is by implementing probing technique which is a learning method by using questioning techniques that are digging knowledge of students. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of students to com-municate the idea mathematically and to know the student learning outcomes during the application of probing techniques in learning mathematics grade X.1 SMAN 1 Lubuk Sikaping. This type of research is pre-experimented with The One-Shot Case Study design. The subject of this research is the students of grade X.1 SMAN 1 Lubuk Sikaping registered in second semester of academic year 2010/2011. Da-ta processing of students' mathematical communication ability is by determining the percentage of the improvement of each indicator on observation sheet in every meeting and also supported by data from the interview. The results of this study illustrate that mathematical communication skills of students have increased from each meeting by using probing techniques, generally. As the results of learning mathematics after using the probing technique is good because 25 students (75.75%) of 33 students class X.1 SMAN 1 Lubuk Sikaping already reached Minimal Completeness Limit which has been ap-pointed by SMAN 1 Lubuk Sikaping (75).