bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING METHOD BASED ON INTUITIONISTIC TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY PRIORITISED OWA OPERATOR
Authors: LIU Peide , LI Ye , ANTUCHEVIČIENĖ Jurgita
Published: May 2016

In the real decision-making, there are many multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems, in which there exists the prioritised relationship among decision-making attributes. In this paper, with respect to the prioritised multi-criteria decision-making problems under intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy information, a new decision-making method on the basis of the intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy prioritised ordered weighted aggregation operator has been proposed. Firstly, the definitions, operational rules and characteristics of intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and POWA operator have been introduced. Then, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy prioritised ordered weighted aggregation (ITFPOWA) operator has been defined as well as the computational method of associated weight, and some properties have been studied and proved. Furthermore, based on the ITFPOWA operator, an approach to the multi-criteria decision-making with intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers has been established. Finally, an illustrative example has been given to prove the evaluation procedures of the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and validity.
ALFALFA DISCOVERY OF THE MOST METAL-POOR GAS-RICH GALAXY KNOWN: AGC 198691
Authors: Hirschauer Alec S. , Salzer John J. , Skillman Evan D. , Berg Danielle , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Cannon John M. , Gordon Alex J. R. , Haynes Martha P. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Janowiecki Steven , Rhode Katherine L. , Pogge Richard W. , Croxall Kevin V. , Aver Erik
Published: May 2016

We present spectroscopic observations of the nearby dwarf galaxy AGC 198691. This object is part of the Survey of H i in Extremely Low-Mass Dwarfs project, which is a multi-wavelength study of galaxies with H i masses in the range of 106–107.2
M
⊙, discovered by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. We have obtained spectra of the lone H ii region in AGC 198691 with the new high-throughput KPNO Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Mayall 4 m, as well as with the Blue Channel spectrograph on the MMT 6.5 m telescope. These observations enable the measurement of the temperature-sensitive [O iii]λ4363 line and hence the determination of a “direct” oxygen abundance for AGC 198691. We find this system to be an extremely metal-deficient (XMD) system with an oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 7.02 ± 0.03, making AGC 198691 the lowest-abundance star-forming galaxy known in the local universe. Two of the five lowest-abundance galaxies known have been discovered by the ALFALFA blind H i survey; this high yield of XMD galaxies represents a paradigm shift in the search for extremely metal-poor galaxies.
AN OUTER ARM IN THE SECOND GALACTIC QUADRANT: STRUCTURE
Authors: Du Xinyu , Xu Ye , Yang Ji , Sun Yan , Li Facheng , Zhang Shaobo , Zhou Xin
Published: May 2016

The lack of arm tracers, especially remote tracers, is one of the most difficult problems preventing us from studying the structure of the Milky Way. Fortunately, with its high-sensitivity CO survey, the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project offers such an opportunity. Since completing about one-third of its mission, an area of l = [100, 150]°, b = [−3, 5]° has nearly been covered. The Outer arm of the Milky Way first clearly revealed its shape in the second galactic quadrant in the form of molecular gas—this is the first time that the Outer arm has been reported in such a large-scale mapping of molecular gas. Using the 115 GHz 12CO(1–0) data of MWISP at the LSR velocity ≃[−100, −60] km s−1 and in the area mentioned above, we have detected 481 molecular clouds in total, and among them 332 (about 69%) are newly detected and 457 probably belong to the Outer arm. The total mass of the detected Outer arm clouds is ∼3.1 × 106
M
⊙. Assuming that the spiral arm is a logarithmic spiral, the pitch angle is fitted as ∼13.°1. Besides combining both the CO data from MWISP and the 21 cm H i data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS), the gas distribution, warp, and thickness of the Outer arm are also studied.
Antifraud editorial policy in Spanish and Latin American scientific publication: JCR social sciences edition
Authors: Hernández-Ruiz Alejandra
Published: May 2016

The process of publishing scientific papers should be based on universal principles of professional conduct: credibility, truth and authenticity. In academia, the inclusion of policies on ethical standards in journal instructions to authors could prevent misconduct and fraud in scientific publication. Due to the lack of attention to research ethics in the Social Sciences, in particular in Spain and Latin America, this research aims to analyze the scientific misconduct policy of the Spanish and Latin American journals in the JCR-Social Sciences Edition (2014). To achieve our goal, 104 selected journal instructions to authors were examined in relation to the following ethical principles: (1) the rights of people involved in the research; (2) the welfare of animals used in research; (3) conflicts of interest; and (4) publication issues. Our results suggest that publication issues such as unpublished research and the ban on simultaneous submission are the most frequently cited ethical issues. In spite of the efforts made by policy-making bodies to establish misconduct guidelines, very few journals adhere to ICMJE and COPE recommendations. Given the ethical heterogeneity evinced by our study, and by previous studies, it seems that the development of a uniform code of ethics in the field of Social Sciences may be required.

El proceso de publicación de un artículo debe basarse en la credibilidad, la verdad y la autenticidad. La inclusión de normas éticas en la política editorial científica se concibe como una medida preventiva y disuasoria de conductas inapropiadas. Dada la escasez de estudios sobre ética y publicación científica en Ciencias Sociales y, en particular, en España e Iberoamérica, esta investigación analiza la política editorial antifraude de las revistas españolas y latinoamericanas indexadas en el JCR en Ciencias Sociales (2014). Para cumplir nuestro objetivo, se utilizaron como muestra objeto de estudio 104 revistas y en las instrucciones a autores se examinaron una serie de principios de actuación ética: 1) Derechos de las personas que participan en la investigación; 2) Protección del bienestar de los animales objeto de experimentación; 3) Conflicto de interés; 4) Envío y publicación de manuscritos. Nuestros resultados apuntan que el carácter inédito de la investigación, así como la prohibición del envío simultáneo de los trabajos a otras revistas son los temas que aparecen con más frecuencia. Pese al intento de sociedades de edición científica como ICMJE y COPE por estandarizar los asuntos que afectan al fraude en la ciencia, su incidencia es exigua en las publicaciones objeto de estudio. Dada la dispersión normativa analizada, se retoma la necesidad detectada por otros autores de desarrollar un código ético uniforme para las disciplinas de Ciencias Sociales.
Cyberbullying: Social competence, motivation and peer relationships
Authors: Romera Eva-M. , Cano Juan-Jesús , García-Fernández Cristina-M. , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario
Published: May 2016

The recognition of some overlap between face to face harassment (bullying) and via digital harassment (cyberbullying) could indicate that variables of social cognition, whose influence has been identified in bullying, also are present in cyberbullying. The aim of this research was to determine the social adjustment of roles involved in cyberbullying and to analyze the differences in the perception of social competence, social goals and peer support, between victims, aggressors and bully-victims of cyberbullying. A number of 505 teenagers (47.3% girls) between 12 and 16 years old (M=13.95, SD=1.42) participated in the study. Validated instruments for Spanish teenagers were used and psychometric properties for the adaptation of the scale of social competence were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal scores of reliability and validity. The cyber-bullying victims showed greater involvement in cyberbullying. Comparisons between roles with nonparametric tests showed that cyberbullies had the highest levels of peer support and popularity social goals. Cybervictims were highlighted by a high perception of social competence. Cyberbully-victims were described by their high popularity goals and low peer acceptance. These results support the conclusion that the way in which the peer group manages its emotional and social life may be explaining the situation of cyberbullying among teenagers.

El reconocimiento de cierto solapamiento entre el acoso cara a cara (bullying) y el ciberacoso (cyberbullying) puede indicar que variables de cognición social, cuya influencia ha sido reconocida en el bullying, también estén presentes en el acoso cibernético. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar el ajuste social de los implicados en cyberbullying y analizar las diferencias en la percepción de la competencia social, la motivación y el apoyo de los iguales, entre víctimas, agresores y agresores victimizados del cyberbullying. Un total de 505 adolescentes (47,3% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años (M=13.95; DT=1.42) participaron en el estudio. Se utilizaron instrumentos para adolescentes validados en español y se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas para la adaptación de la escala de competencia social. Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios mostraron índices óptimos de fiabilidad y validez. Se observó una mayor implicación de los ciberagresores victimizados. Las comparaciones entre roles a través de pruebas no paramétricas mostraron en los ciberagresores un mayor apoyo social que el resto de perfiles y altos niveles en metas de popularidad. Las cibervíctimas destacaron por su alta percepción de competencia social. Los ciberagresores victimizados mostraron altos niveles de metas de popularidad y baja aceptación social. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la forma en que el grupo de iguales gestiona su vida emocional y social puede estar explicando la situación de cyberbullying entre los adolescentes.
Comment (et pourquoi) repenser la performativité des énoncés théoriques ?
Authors: Brisset Nicolas
Published: May 2016

Cet article a pour ambition de questionner l’usage de la notion de performativité, emprunté à Austin, par une frange de la sociologie s’intéressant au rôle des économistes dans la construction de la réalité sociale. Après avoir montré que cet usage dénature l’approche austinienne, et que cela pose problème en ce qu’il mène à un relativisme heuristiquement peu instructif, on tente d’offrir une perspective alternative. Dans un mouvement de retour à Austin, on utilisera le concept de convention à la Lewis afin de penser la performativité par ses conditions de félicité.
Performativité et théorie conventionnelle. Une application à l’assurance santé
Authors: Batifoulier Philippe
Published: May 2016

Faire payer le patient (ticket modérateur, forfait, franchise) est une stratégie qui illustre le pouvoir politique de l’économie mainstream . La théorie économique du « risque moral » considère que les politiques de partage des coûts avec le patient et le développement de l’assurance privée sont de nature à réduire les dépenses de santé sans dommage sur l’état de santé. Cette « leçon » a énormément influencé les décideurs politiques et justifie la privatisation du soin. Cet article montre que l’influence de ce discours théorique est intimement liée au pouvoir des intérêts dominants alors que les preuves empiriques sont aussi inconsistantes que l’approche théorique est déficiente.
La légitimation académique d’un projet politique. Le cas de la création des « services à la personne »
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: May 2016

Cet article se veut une analyse socioéconomique des forces qui ont fait advenir un nouveau secteur, celui des « services à la personne ». Nous le faisons en nous intéressant non seulement au « contenu » (c’est-à-dire aux idées, aux arguments, aux images) de ce qui est véhiculé pendant la période de construction de son avènement, mais aussi aux conditions sociales de la légitimation de ce secteur, en nous intéressant à celles et ceux qui ont rendu ces contenus légitimes, et qui, ce faisant, on fait advenir une réalité.
Stigmatisation de l’usager de substances illicites et enjeux de l’entretien individuel
Authors: Hoareau Emmanuelle
Published: May 2016

La plupart des travaux sur la réduction des risques (RdR) s’intéressent aux dispositifs et outils liés à la pratique d’injection, négligeant ces outils relationnels que sont l’entretien individuel et le counselling. Ceci laisse supposer une dépréciation de leur rôle d’étayage de la réflexivité des personnes sur leur relation à l’usage de substances illicites et de leur impact sur les pratiques et les trajectoires d’usage, tant par les chercheurs que par les intervenants de RdR. Si cette dépréciation reste à vérifier, d’autres éléments relevant du contexte culturel et historique compliquent son utilisation : la stigmatisation de l’usager de substances illicites, les représentations et affects des intervenants à son endroit, la rationalisation de l’activité des structures de RdR. Cet article de réflexion s’appuie sur l’expérience de l’auteur en tant que bénévole de réduction des risques en rave et free party et sur une thèse en cours de finalisation sur l’expérience de l’usage chez leurs participants.
Savoirs « profanes » et savoirs « savants » : jeux de miroir dans le cabinet médical
Authors: Lalande Aude
Published: May 2016

Les consommateurs de substances psychoactives manipulent un savoir spécifique des effets des produits, à la fois proche et très différent de celui des médecins. Comment prendre en compte dans la relation médicale ce savoir singulier, qui vient parfois en brouiller les repères ? Après s’être efforcé de caractériser ce qu’il est coutume d’appeler les « savoirs profanes » des utilisateurs de drogues, l’article s’arrête sur quelques situations concrètes d’interactions (ou de non-interaction) entre patients et médecins, favorisant plus ou moins l’enrichissement mutuel de leurs savoirs respectifs. Puis il s’interroge sur les conditions de leur alliance et les moyens de favoriser une meilleure écoute de la voix toujours un peu dissonante de ces patients.
Travail et consommation de substances psychoactives : contributions des syndicats québécois à la prévention
Authors: Deslauriers Jean-Simon , Maranda Marie-France
Published: May 2016

Les transformations du marché du travail associées à l’organisation flexible mettent en place une norme de performance et d’excellence à laquelle il peut devenir difficile de résister. Dans ce contexte, les pratiques de consommation de substances psychoactives en lien avec le travail se transforment, notamment comme moyen pour les travailleurs de maintenir une performance exceptionnelle ou de faire face à la souffrance de ne pas y arriver. Ce texte, qui s’appuie principalement sur une thèse de doctorat qui a étudié des initiatives syndicales québécoises en prévention des problèmes de santé mentale au travail, a un double objectif. D’abord, il vise à montrer les liens entre l’organisation du travail et l’apparition ou le développement d’une consommation problématique de substances psychoactives chez les travailleurs, consommation qui peut être comprise notamment comme une stratégie défensive au sens de la psychodynamique du travail déployée pour faire face aux exigences d’une organisation du travail hyperflexible. Ensuite, le texte décrit une initiative syndicale québécoise des réseaux d’entraide en milieu de travail en vue de discuter du rôle des pairs entraidants dans la prévention des problèmes de santé mentale au travail, y compris la consommation de substances psychoactives.
Cliniques du travail et réalisme critique : dialogues et implications
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro F , Guedes Gondim Sônia Maria
Published: May 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de discuter la dimension réaliste présente dans les cliniques du travail, notamment la clinique d’activité et la psychodynamique du travail. C’est pourquoi les auteurs rapprochent ces cliniques de la notion de réalisme critique dans la philosophie des sciences. Ils montrent que ces deux notions admettent l’existence de différents niveaux de réalité, ce qui remet en cause l’idée que le réel ne coïnciderait pas avec l’empirique et ne serait accessible que de manière provisoire, transitoire, à travers la construction théorico-méthodologique de scénarios factuels. L’article discute en quoi ce rapprochement sous-tend la possibilité de surmonter la tension particulier/universel qui traverse ce champ et se reflète dans le concept même de clinique et de travail.
Révéler sa maladie chronique au travail : pourquoi, comment, avec quels effets ?
Authors: Portsmouth Katherine
Published: May 2016

Les personnes malades chroniques vivent souvent une double peine avec leur maladie. Elles sont tout d’abord touchées dans leur intégrité physique ou mentale, puis la maladie impacte inévitablement d’autres sphères de vie, notamment celle du travail. Cette étude a pour objet d’analyser, à partir d’un état des lieux de la littérature, les facteurs qui orientent la prise de décision de révéler, ou non, sa maladie chronique. Sont ainsi abordées les répercussions que la révélation de la maladie peut avoir sur le malade, le milieu de travail, l’emploi, l’orientation, le parcours ou les projets professionnels. La maladie chronique affecte la vie du malade mais aussi celle de son entourage de travail. Plusieurs processus sont engagés afin de maintenir malgré tout la santé au travail. Certains obstacles sont rencontrés. Les malades sont aidés ou freinés par le fait de dire leur maladie. Rendre la maladie visible est un enjeu de société.
Jeunes et syndicalisme. Une intégration réussie ou un divorce annoncé ? Regard critique sur deux organisations syndicales au Québec
Authors: Durand-Allard Marc-Antoine , Dufour-Poirier Mélanie , Laroche Mélanie
Published: May 2016

Résumé Les jeunes syndiqués québécois seraient-ils réticents face aux opportunités de participation syndicale ? Saisissent-ils les opportunités d'action que leur offrent les Comités jeunes, une forme avancée d'implication syndicale ? Contrairement à une idée reçus, nos données empiriques nuancent la prétendue apathie des « jeunes ». En fait, un retour à l'action syndicale de proximité semble essentiel pour stimuler leur participation et leur éveil syndical.
Acute Mastoiditis Caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Obringer Emily , Chen Judy L.
Published: May 2016

Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a relatively rare complication of acute otitis media (AOM). The most common pathogens include
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Streptococcus pyogenes
, and
Staphylococcus aureus
. Pneumococcal vaccination and changes in antibiotic prescribing recommendations for AOM may change the incidence of AM in the future. Diagnosis of AM can be made based on clinical presentation, but computed tomography of the temporal bone with contrast should be considered if there is concern for complicated AM. Both extracranial and intracranial complications of AM may occur. Previously, routine cortical mastoidectomy was recommended for AM treatment, but new data suggest that a more conservative treatment approach can be considered, including intravenous (IV) antibiotics alone or IV antibiotics with myringotomy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(5):e176–e179.]
Cancellous Screws Are Biomechanically Superior to Cortical Screws in Metaphyseal Bone
Authors: Wang Tim , Boone Christopher , Behn Anthony W. , Ledesma Justin B. , Bishop Julius A.
Published: May 2016

Cancellous screws are designed to optimize fixation in metaphyseal bone environments; however, certain clinical situations may require the substitution of cortical screws for use in cancellous bone, such as anatomic constraints, fragment size, or available instrumentation. This study compares the biomechanical properties of commercially available cortical and cancellous screw designs in a synthetic model representing various bone densities. Commercially available, fully threaded, 4.0-mm outer-diameter cortical and cancellous screws were tested in terms of pullout strength and maximum insertion torque in standard-density and osteoporotic cancellous bone models. Pullout strength and maximum insertion torque were both found to be greater for cancellous screws than cortical screws in all synthetic densities tested. The magnitude of difference in pullout strength between cortical and cancellous screws increased with decreasing synthetic bone density. Screw displacement prior to failure and total energy absorbed during pullout strength testing were also significantly greater for cancellous screws in osteoporotic models. Stiffness was greater for cancellous screws in standard and osteoporotic models. Cancellous screws have biomechanical advantages over cortical screws when used in metaphyseal bone, implying the ability to both achieve greater compression and resist displacement at the screw-plate interface. Surgeons should preferentially use cancellous over cortical screws in metaphyseal environments where cortical bone is insufficient for fixation. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e828–e832.]
Midterm Results of the Vanguard SSK Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty System
Authors: Lackey Wesley G. , Ritter Merrill A. , Berend Michael E. , Malinzak Robert A. , Faris Philip M. , Meding John B.
Published: May 2016

Revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming increasingly common as the population ages and the number of existing primary TKAs continues to increase. Revision TKA systems use a greater range of component modularity than primary TKA systems, including stems, augments, and varying levels of constraint. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the authors' institution's use of one specific revision knee implant system and its midterm results. The Vanguard SSK Revision Knee System (Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) was implanted 297 times in 272 patients between 2005 and 2013. Average patient age was 67.2 years, average body mass index was 33 kg/m
2
, and average follow-up was 4.8 years. The most common diagnoses leading to use of this system were failed previous TKA (45.5%) and periprosthetic infection (23.2%). The SSK system was used in 78 (26.3%) complex primary TKAs at the discretion of the operating surgeon. There were 22 failures: 12 septic and 10 aseptic. Of the 12 infections, 6 occurred after 2-staged treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, with all 6 of these reinfections having a different causative organism. Aseptic failures included aseptic loosening (n=3), periprosthetic fracture (n=2), patellar maltracking (n=2), instability (n=1), arthrofibrosis (n=1), and extensor mechanism disruption (n=1). Aseptic implant survivorship was 97.2%, 95.6%, 93.1%, and 93.1% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years postoperatively, respectively. The Vanguard SSK demonstrates excellent performance at medium-range follow-up with respect to complications, clinical scores, and prosthesis survivorship. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e833–e837.]
Inquiry Base Experiment: The Effect of Plasma on Glass Surface Properties
Authors: Kabot Lindsey , Worden Tanner , Matsushita Ashley , Hernandez Ryan , Abramzon Nina
Published: May 2016

In this paper we present an experiment for the undergraduate plasma processing course. Students were exposed to a laboratory experience that very closely resembles real-life research by performing surface modification experiments using gas discharge plasma. This experiment demonstrates to students the effect of plasma on surface properties.
Thinking Like an Engineer: Using Engineering Habits of Mind and Signature Pedagogies to Redesign Engineering Education
Authors: Lucas Bill , Hanson Janet
Published: May 2016

In order to attract more young people into engineering and ensure that they are well equipped to meet future professional challenges we need to know how successful engineers think and act when faced with challenging problems. Using a mixed methods approach this study investigated the habits of mind that engineers use most frequently when engaged in the core activity of “making” things or “making things work better”. We identified the six most distinctive learning dispositions, or engineering “habits of mind” [EHoM] that engineers frequently deploy. Our research then explored ways in which the teaching of engineering might be re-designed to cultivate EHoM using “signature pedagogies” and through this, generate deeper understanding of what is involved in becoming and being an engineer. This paper reports on the research undertaken with engineers to define the EHoM and identifies some of the distinctive features of signature pedagogies as they might be applied to engineering education. It concludes by outlining future research to further validate and define habits of mind and signature pedagogies for engineering.
Rapid Prototyping of Interactive Storytelling and Mobile Augmented Reality Applications for Learning and Entertainment – The case of “k-Knights”
Authors: Markouzis Dimitris , Fessakis Georgios
Published: May 2016

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) Technology in combination with Interactive Storytelling (IS) enables the design of new kinds of technology enhanced learning and entertainment applications. The existing pedagogical research as well as the available Interactive Storytelling MAR (ISMAR) Serious Games are rather limited. This is mainly because of the difficulties of MAR applications development and the complexity of IS authoring. The paper works on the direction to improve this situation exploring the combination of a) rapid prototype development methodology based on MAR authoring tools and b) the definition of IS genres which could serve as templates and guide the ISMAR design. In the paper, key concepts are presented, existing successful examples of MAR Serious Games are analyzed in order to extract their narration genre features, available tools for MAR rapid authoring are introduced, and afterwards the design, development and first evaluation of a prototype ISMAR Serious Game is presented. The paper contributes to the bridging of learning design, IS, and AR technology research communities and facilitates feature interdisciplinary research.
Development of Interdisciplinary Lessons Integrating Science and Engineering in Heterogeneous Teams: Education Students’ Attitudes
Authors: Gero Aharon
Published: May 2016

The course “Interdisciplinary Aspects in Science and Engineering Education” is a unique course designed to expose students of science and engineering education to the characteristics of interdisciplinary teaching and learning. The theoretical part of the course deals with the nature of science and engineering and the interaction between the two, various hierarchies describing the level of integration between disciplines, and possible strategies for developing interdisciplinary lessons. In the practical section, the participants develop, in heterogeneous teams of students from different academic backgrounds, an interdisciplinary lesson integrating science and engineering, and teach it to their peers. Using qualitative tools, the research described in this paper characterized the attitudes of 112 students towards developing an interdisciplinary lesson as part of a team. The findings indicate that the students identified both the difficulties involved in developing an interdisciplinary lesson as part of a team and the advantages inherent to teamwork. It was further found that the weight of the attitude component that recognized the contribution of teamwork to the development of interdisciplinary lessons was considerably higher than the weight of the component indicating the difficulties that involved teamwork.
El mambeadero, un espace à rituel ouvert chez les Yucuna
Authors: Fontaine Laurent
Published: May 2016

El mambeadero est une situation de réunion nocturne dans laquelle les anciens mâchent la coca publiquement devant leur communauté pour réaliser des rituels ou pour être interrogés sur leurs savoirs. Les réunions nocturnes sont historiquement récentes chez les Yucuna puisqu’elles n’apparaissent qu’à la suite des premières réunions diurnes au milieu des années soixante-dix. Comme ces dernières, les réunions nocturnes s’organisent selon les mêmes règles obligeant à partager et à diffuser toutes les informations qui y sont énoncées. Mais dans les mambeaderos, les soigneurs et chamanes prononcent souvent des incantations et des diagnostics qui normalement devraient rester secrets et confidentiels. Par conséquent, les explications et les traductions qui sont fournies en public restent toujours assez superficielles. Un extrait de réunion nocturne transcrit et traduit des dialogues en yucuna et en espagnol est ici présenté et analysé pour examiner justement les décalages.
Après la fête : la sphère privée du chant chez les Amhara d’Éthiopie
Authors: Morand Katell
Published: May 2016

Cet article porte sur la pratique dite privée du chant chez les paysans Amhara du Goğğam, en Éthiopie. Il se penche sur ce qu’il se passe dans les interstices de la vie sociale, lorsque fêtes et commémorations sont passées et que les individus se retrouvent seuls avec eux-mêmes : que chantent-ils, pourquoi, et quel est le statut énonciatif de ces performances sans public ? L’analyse des discours et des poèmes chantés est combinée à une ethnographie de la sphère privée pour saisir la place de ces chants dans l’univers musical des Amhara. Dialogues imaginés et sans cesse réinterprétés, ils n’existent, on le comprend, que par référence à un monde social dont la solitude ne peut être l’échappatoire.
Les mots d’autrui, leur mise en texte, leurs publics
Authors: Masquelier Bertrand
Published: May 2016

Les chanteurs de calypso (calypsonians) jouent un rôle public de premier plan à Trinidad. C’est toujours le cas aujourd’hui, bien que les styles musicaux et textuels du calypso changent. Dans le contexte local, ces chanteurs, lorsqu’ils commentent les affaires politiques du moment, se présentent comme les porte-paroles du peuple. Une manière de participer au débat public à Trinidad consiste donc à mettre en chanson ce que l’on souhaite dire. Qu’en est-il lorsqu’un calypso, dans une version remaniée, est approprié et interprété, hors contexte, par des chanteurs européens ou nord‑américains pour un public étranger ? L’article explore une telle situation. Il montre comment ce que signifie un calypso fait écho, à travers le temps et l’espace, à d’autres performances et d’autres versions. Il faut aussi compter avec la manière dont les auteurs de la littérature caribéenne se sont appropriés cette manière de parler.
Construire un système de formation professionnelle
Authors: Gbato Maninga
Published: May 2016

La formation professionnelle en Côte d’Ivoire est en pleine structuration, en vue de s’adapter aux évolutions technologiques et organisationnelles. Celles-ci conduisent les acteurs du système à se poser les « bonnes questions » aux « bons moments », pour améliorer, notamment, la qualité des formations, en renforçant l’employabilité des formés. Cependant, comme le dit X. Greffe, « si les formations professionnelles peuvent contribuer au bon fonctionnement des économies des pays en développement, elles sont très dépendantes des possibilités offertes par l’économie, plus encore que dans les pays développés. »
La formation professionnelle et continue au service de l’employabilité à Singapour et aux Philippines
Authors: Ramos Catherine , Gopinathan S.
Published: May 2016

Cet article se penche sur la formation préalable à l’emploi et sur la formation continue à Singapour, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la formation technique et professionnelle, au projet national SkillsFuture (« Compétences avenir ») ainsi qu’au système de qualification de la main d’œuvre. La formation technique et professionnelle aux Philippines est également abordée, en faisant valoir l’idée que les différences d’approches dans ce domaine dépendent du degré de développement et du contexte géopolitique. Le contexte constitue ainsi un élément clé pour appréhender les politiques et les approches propres aux systèmes éducatifs et comprendre la façon dont les pays abordent le problème des compétences.
Trends and Transformations in European Agricultural Economy, Rural Communities and Food Sustainability in Context of New Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reforms
Authors: Jean-Vasile Andrei , Alecu Alexandra
Published: May 2016

Agriculture continues to be quite a debate for the last two and a half decades at least at the European level and for Romania Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms has a big impact in developing the convergence to the European agricultural model. Agriculture becomes nowadays a multirole economic sector, with major implications on rural community's sustainability and on food security assurance. In this context, the transformations in European agricultural economy, rural communities and food sustainability in context of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms represent an important research topic in the context of EU-28 policy diversification from the larger context of Romanian approach.
Managing for the Sustained Success of Organic Food Associations
Authors: Carmenado Ignacio De Los Ríos , Hernandez Hilario Becerril , Mendez María Rivera , Ferrer Carmen García
Published: May 2016

Systems and agricultural organizations are facing new challenges in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. Opposing the existence of other food producers that show low profitability in their production systems, there are other models that have differentiated through ecological production being able to reach high profitability in their production systems. Ecological agriculture is seen as an opportunity to supply to those social segments that would rather consume healthy products. This article reviews literature on processes and key management factors for the sustained success of an organization, resulting on a conceptual framework that synthesizes these ideas. Mainly it looks at two international standards: ISO 9004 (2009) and ISO 21500 (2012). This conceptual framework is used to analyze the experience of an organization of organic farmers called Camposeven, which counts with farmers with over 40 years of experience in production, processing, and marketing of conventional and organic crops in the region of Murcia in Spain.
Food Cultural Values
Authors: Cristina Gafu , Iridon Cristina
Published: May 2016

The present chapter presents the results of a study carried out within the Romanian culture and civilization classes taught to the foreign students in the preparatory year. Our goal was not only to familiarize them with Romanian culture, but also to help them better interact and function as a homogeneous group, in spite of their cultural diversity. The paper aims at studying to what degree cultural diversity and identity marks specific to students coming from various countries can be used to facilitate their adaptation to the culture and mentality of the host country and to a multicultural group. Among many aspects regarding Romanian traditional culture and civilization, we included information related to Romanian food and eating habits. Such a topic cannot be neglected if we take into account the fact that individual needs constitute a real issue in the adaptation of a multicultural group to a new culture and lifestyle.
Perception of Romanian Consumers on Ecological Products
Authors: Sima Violeta , Gheorghe Ileana Georgiana
Published: May 2016

This chapter aimed to investigate perceptions and attitudes of Romanian consumers about organic products, in order to study the connection between knowledge and attitudes of consumers and their place in purchase decision-making system to understand their behavior toward organic food. In the first part, after a brief introduction, the authors tried to perform a review of the literature in the field, starting from the presentation of the concept of green or ecological consumption behavior and the notions related to it. A synthetic scheme of the drivers of the green market was proposed as a conclusion of this introductory part. The main concern is about consumption of the ecological products in Romania. The authors identified a number of 17 relevant studies performed in Romania in order to help them substantiate their work. They took into account two issues, namely, Ecological Non-Food Products and Ecological Food Products.
Exploring the Meal Experience
Authors: Lawton Stuart
Published: May 2016

This research considers the meal experience literature and explores consumer´s motivations in the dark-dining setting. The notions of discussion relate to experience economy and consumptionscape theories highlighting that sensory-cues in the meal experience constrain each other. The sense of touch, although scientifically explored, is yet being further explored in the dark-dining meal experience and reflects dominance in the dark-dining meal experience. Conclusively, despite the effects of the meal experience in a light restaurant, customers re-discover their senses in a dark restaurant. In conclusion, it remains questionable whether repeat business will occur due to post-experienced, preserved and prolonged perceptions.
Food Consumption Expenditure and Standard of Living in Romania
Authors: Zaharia Marian , Gogonea Rodica-Manuela
Published: May 2016

Food consumption and its structure is significantly influenced by standard of living. But in addition, there are differences in the level and structure of food consumption, determined by characteristics and local habits. Given these considerations, in this chapter, starting from the mean consumption expenditure by detailed level, and the overall structure of consumption expenditure by detailed COICOP level (01-12 - Individual consumption expenditure of households), are analyzed the mean consumption expenditure per inhabitant, types of household, degrees of urbanization, and macro regions of Romania. Also are analyzed the correlations between the evolution of living standards and evolutions structure of consumption expenditure by type of household.
Youth Employability in WB Countries
Authors: Zubovic Jovan , Pavlovic Dejana M.
Published: May 2016

Transition in WB countries was supposed to enable the establishment of a better economic system. However, not all transitional countries have been conducting appropriate follow-up activities during their transition process. Success of transition depended on the country's internal factors and on their pre-transition economic situation? In all WB countries privatization led to high unemployment rates, low GDP growth and poor living standards especially for youth. At the same time, the transition has had positive effects in other transition countries like the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia etc. The aim of this paper is to research a position of the youth in WB transition countries including Serbia, Montenegro, B&H, and Macedonia. The paper will follow the changes in youth unemployment in the period 2000 to 2014 in WB, other transition and EU15 countries. Comparisons of the achieved youth unemployment levels will give the opportunity to determine which the good practices are used in other developed countries that have resulted with significantly lower youth unemployment rates.
Evaluation of Cultural Intelligence in Staff of Industries, Mines and Trades Organizations - Case Study
Authors: Abdolshah Mohammad , Geranfar Baranak , Akbari Eisa , Vaziri Jalil
Published: May 2016

This article examines one of the key competencies of the 21st century known as cultural intelligence (CQ). This study investigates the relationship between CQ, organizational culture, and the effectiveness of staff in the industry, mine, and trade organizations of Semnan province in Iran. Using correlational analysis, the statistical population includes a total of 103 people from 141 employees based on personnel department documents. Three questionnaires were used to measure the variables and descriptive and deductive statistics were applied to evaluate and analyze the data. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used in deductive statistics to obtain the results. The findings show there is a significant relationship between CQ, organizational culture, and effectiveness. Among four cultural intelligence factors, only the knowledge of CQ can predict the effectiveness. The calculated correlation coefficient indicates that the creativity factors and communication pattern have the highest correlation coefficients.
O Ensino Religioso na escola brasileira: alianças e disputas históricas
Authors: Cecchetti Elcio , Santos Ademir Valdir dos
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho apresenta elementos analíticos que relacionam processos de regulamentação jurídica e de controle da escola quanto ao Ensino Religioso. A metodologia está embasada em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. O arco cronológico abrange desde o período colonial até a década de 1930. Mostra-se que alianças e embates quanto ao Ensino Religioso na história da educação brasileira foram nutridos desde os primórdios devido às influências da Igreja Católica e de autoridades eclesiásticas, assim como de outras instituições e intelectuais defensores de princípios e valores religiosos. E que durante o Império, bem como nos anos 1930 da era republicana, podem ser situados aspectos centrais e que constituíram a base para a configuração e caracterização das polêmicas e das formas de organização da escola brasileira quanto ao Ensino Religioso, embasados e orientados pela emergência e consolidação de controvérsias entre religião e laicidade, sendo o papel do Estado, na formação cultural e escolarização da população, um dos núcleos centrais do debate.
Federalismo e educação no Brasil republicano: dilemas da organização educacional (1889-1930)
Authors: Ferreira Ana Emília Cordeiro Souto , Carvalho Carlos Henrique de , Gonçalves Neto Wenceslau
Published: May 2016

O artigo analisa a relação entre federalismo e educação no Brasil durante a Primeira República (1889-1930). O objetivo do texto é acompanhar o debate sobre a escola pública no País, em um ambiente marcado pelo novo sistema de governo, buscando compreender como a educação foi ‘acomodada’ após a formação da federação brasileira, a partir da promulgação da Constituição republicana de 1891. Essa Lei Maior dará continuidade aos princípios da descentralização firmados pelo Ato Adicional de 1834. Dessa forma, a responsabilização pela instrução primária, ao longo da Primeira República, ‘oscila’ em torno das discussões sobre centralização e descentralização. Tais considerações requerem, portanto, reflexões sobre os conceitos de federalismo e educação, no âmbito das relações que o novo Estado estabelece com os entes da federação (estados ou mesmo com os municípios), configurando uma espécie de ‘federalismo à brasileira’.
Finitude – raiz da educabilidade do ser humano
Authors: Seibt Cezar Luís
Published: May 2016

Tomando como ponto de partida alguns elementos do pensamento de Heidegger e focando, sobretudo, a finitude e o sentido do ser, este texto busca pensar o fenômeno da educação. Pretende mostrar o fundamento desta na originária abertura compreensiva do ser humano, no caráter de projeto, de ter-que-ser, próprios do ser humano e ausentes nos outros entes. Conclui que não se pode oferecer, a partir desse pensamento, alguma alternativa objetiva e universalizante, mas somente colocar a caminho e preparar sempre o sujeito ‘ser-aí’ a partir de si mesmo, permitindo que se mantenha desperto e disponível para o acontecimento do mundo.
The estimation of daily mean soil temperature at different depths in three Agroecological regions of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumarathunge M. D. P. , Waidyarathne K. P. , Samita S.
Published: May 2016

Soil temperature is an important climatic variable in regulating ecosystem process, yet it is difficult and costly to measure daily. Several mathematical models are available to estimate soil temperature; however, most are with complicated independent variables. In this research, site specific parsimonious models were developed to estimate daily mean soil temperature in deeper depths (i.e.>10 cm) using air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm depth and day of the year as independent variables. Different models were developed for four Coconut growing sites and results showed that 5 cm depth soil temperature along with day of the year estimate the soil temperature at deeper depths with high accuracy. Further, models with air temperature and day of the year estimate the soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depths satisfactorily. These models can be used to estimate the daily mean soil temperature simply and cost effectively and it also allows the reconstruction of missing soil temperature values. COCOS Vol. 20: 9-25 (2013)
National Topographic System Polychrome Map Standards and Specifications
Authors:   Centre for Topographic Information
Published: May 2016

The National Topographic System (NTS) Polychrome Map Standards and Specifications are a description of all features and information shown on a NTS topographic map produced by the Centre for Topographic Information of Natural Resources Canada. This includes a
definition of each map feature, instructions on how each feature is compiled and a description of the cartographic symbols used to represent each map feature. Also described in this document is how "non feature" information is to be depicted on a NTS map. This information includes the map legend,
scale, border and grid as well as notes describing the magnetic declination, map projection and contour interval. This publication is often referred to as the NTS Cartographic Specification and provides the user with a comprehensive description and illustration of all features and information
portrayed on a NTS topographic map.

[Addendum, 2014-06-16: Since 2009, the 1:50 000 Topographic maps produced by Natural Resources Canada used the "CanTopo Map Standards and Specifications 1:50 000".]
A description of village chicken production systems and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites: Case studies in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa
Authors: Malatji Dikeledi P. , Tsotetsi Anna M. , Van Marle-Koster Este , Muchadeyi Farai C.
Published: May 2016

The majority of rural households in developing countries own village chickens that are reared under traditional scavenging systems with few inputs and exposure to various parasitic infestations. Understanding of the village chicken farming system and its influence on helminth infestation is a prerequisite for optimal prevention and control strategies. This study investigated the village chicken production system and associated gastrointestinal parasites in 87 households from Limpopo (n = 39) and KwaZulu-Natal (n = 48) provinces of South Africa. A total of 191 village chicken faecal samples and 145 intestines were collected to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in villages of Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, respectively. The faecal floatation analysis of samples from Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces indicated infestations by Ascaridia galli (18.77%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.56%) and Capillaria spp. (4.00%); tapeworms Choanotaenia infundibulum (2.10%) and Raillietina cesticillus (6.00%) and Eimeria spp. (29.46%). Mixed infestations were observed in five (4.90%) samples from Limpopo province and in only four (4.49%) from KwaZulu-Natal province, of which 1.12% were a mixture of C. infundibulum and Eimeria spp. and 3.37% a combination of H. gallinarum and Eimeria spp. In Limpopo, 2.94% of the chickens were positive for H. gallinarum and Eimeria spp., whilst 0.98% had A. galli and Capillaria spp. infestations. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of gastrointestinal parasites on village chicken health and production and develop appropriate intervention and control strategies feasible for smallholder farmers.Keywords: Helminthes; Village chickens; Smallholder farming systems; Faecal samples