bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a fluctuating thermal regime on adult and larval reef corals
Authors: Putnam Hollie M. , Edmunds Peter J. , Fan Tung‐Yung
Published: April 2010

Abstract. We compared responses of adults and larvae of the brooding corals Pocillopora damicornis and Seriatopora hystrix to 12‐h exposures to constant temperature treatments (21°C, 28°C, or 30°C) and a treatment in which temperature fluctuated from 28° to 21°C, simulating daily temperature variation generated by tidally driven upwelling in their natural habitat (Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan). In all treatments, the maximum dark‐adapted quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) of the larvae was ∼49% lower than that of adult corals; FV/FM in the larvae also differed among temperature treatments, with the highest values in the fluctuating treatment. These results show that the larvae of at least P. damicornis are more sensitive to temperature than adults, and suggest that larvae are physiologically well suited to fluctuating temperature regimes. To assess whether the timing of larval release affected their performance, larvae of P. damicornis were compared among release days within a single reproductive event. Groups of larvae released on nine consecutive days differed significantly in size, Symbiodinium content, and FV/FM. This demonstration of functional differences among coral larvae that are released on different dates within a single reproductive event creates the potential for advantages to accrue from the coincidence of larval phenotypes with temporally varying conditions. Adult colonies may experience selective advantages by producing broods of functionally variable larvae, in order to match extreme phenotypes to unusual environmental conditions.
Preference for Collpa Water by Frugivorous Bats (Artibeus): An Experimental Approach
Authors: Bravo Adriana , Harms Kyle E. , Emmons Louise H.
Published: April 2010

Several species of stenodermatine bats congregate in large numbers at collpas in southeastern Peru to drink water. We conducted the first experimental tests of preference for collpa water by representative bats. Artibeus species preferred mineral‐rich collpa water over water from other sources, supporting the hypothesis that they seek resources (especially sodium) at collpas.
Results and analysis of the 2008–2009 Insulin Injection Technique Questionnaire survey
Authors: DE CONINCK Carina , FRID Anders , GASPAR Ruth , HICKS Debbie , HIRSCH Larry , KREUGEL Gillian , LIERSCH Jutta , LETONDEUR Corinne , SAUVANET Jean‐Pierre , TUBIANA Nadia , STRAUSS Kenneth
Published: April 2010

Background:  The efficacy of injection therapy in diabetes depends on correct injection technique and, to provide patients with guidance in this area, we must understand how they currently inject.

Methods:  From September 2008 to June 2009, 4352 insulin‐injecting Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients from 171 centers in 16 countries were surveyed regarding their injection practices.

Results:  Overall, 3.6% of patients use the 12.7‐mm needle, 1.8% use the 12‐mm needle, 1.6% use the 10‐mm needle, 48.6% use the 8‐mm needle, 15.8% use the 6‐mm needle, and 21.6% use the 5‐mm needle; 7% of patients do not know what length of needle they use. Twenty‐one percent of patients admitted injecting into the same site for an entire day, or even a few days, a practice associated with lipohypertrophy. Approximately 50% of patients have or have had symptoms suggestive of lipohypertrophy. Abdominal lipohypertrophy seems to be more frequent in those using the two smaller injection size areas, and less frequent in those using larger areas. Nearly 3% of patients reported always injecting into lipohypertrophic lesions and 26% inject into them sometimes. Of the 65% of patients using cloudy insulins (e.g. NPH), 35% do not remix it before use.

Conclusions:  It is clear from the latest survey that we have improved in certain areas, but that, in others, we have either not moved at all or our efforts have not yielded the results we expected. The results of the present survey are available online on a country‐by‐country and question‐by‐question basis at http://www.titan‐workshop.org.
Sex‐linked barring in chickens is controlled by the CDKN2A /B tumour suppressor locus
Authors: Hellström Anders R. , Sundström Elisabeth , Gunnarsson Ulrika , Bed’Hom Bertrand , Tixier‐Boichard Michele , Honaker Christa F. , Sahlqvist Anna‐Stina , Jensen Per , Kämpe Olle , Siegel Paul B. , Kerje Susanne , Andersson Leif
Published: April 2010

Sex‐linked barring, a common plumage colour found in chickens, is characterized by black and white barred feathers. Previous studies have indicated that the white bands are caused by an absence of melanocytes in the feather follicle during the growth of this region. Here, we show that Sex‐linked barring is controlled by the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes the INK4b and ARF transcripts. We identified two non‐coding mutations in CDKN2A that showed near complete association with the phenotype. In addition, two missense mutations were identified at highly conserved sites, V9D and R10C, and every bird tested with a confirmed Sex‐linked barring phenotype carried one of these missense mutations. Further work is required to determine if one of these or a combined effect of two or more CDKN2A mutations is causing Sex‐linked barring. This novel finding provides the first evidence that the tumour suppressor locus CDKN2A/B can affect pigmentation phenotypes and sheds new light on the functional significance of this gene.
Targeted delivery of NRASQ61R and Cre‐recombinase to post‐natal melanocytes induces melanoma in Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice
Authors: VanBrocklin Matthew W. , Robinson James P. , Lastwika Kristin J. , Khoury Joseph D. , Holmen Sheri L.
Published: April 2010

We have developed a somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma that allows for the rapid validation of genetic alterations identified in this disease. A major advantage of this system is the ability to model the multi‐step process of carcinogenesis in immune‐competent mice without the generation and cross breeding of multiple strains. We have used this model to evaluate the role of RAS isoforms in melanoma initiation in the context of conditional Ink4a/Arf loss. Mice expressing the tumor virus A (TVA) receptor specifically in melanocytes under control of the dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) promoter were crossed to Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice and newborn DCT‐TVA/Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice were injected with retroviruses containing activated KRAS, NRAS and/or Cre‐recombinase. No mice injected with viruses containing KRAS and Cre or NRAS alone developed tumors; however, more than one‐third of DCT‐TVA/Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice injected with NRAS and Cre viruses developed melanoma and two‐thirds developed melanoma when NRAS and Cre expression was linked.
The unfolded protein response in melanocytes: activation in response to chemical stressors of the endoplasmic reticulum and tyrosinase misfolding
Authors: Manga Prashiela , Bis Sabina , Knoll Kristen , Perez Beremis , Orlow Seth J.
Published: April 2010

Accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways initiated by Ire1, Perk and Atf6 respectively. Unfolded protein response activation was compared in chemically stressed murine wildtype melanocytes and mutant melanocytes that retain tyrosinase in the ER. Thapsigargin, an ER stressor, activated all pathways in wildtype melanocytes, triggering Caspase 12‐mediated apoptosis at toxic doses. Albino melanocytes expressing mutant tyrosinase showed evidence of ER stress with increased Ire1 expression, but the downstream effector, Xbp1, was not activated even following thapsigargin treatment. Attenuation of Ire1 signaling was recapitulated in wildtype melanocytes treated with thapsigargin for 8 days, with diminished Xbp1 activation observed after 4 days. Atf6 was also activated in albino melanocytes, with no response to thapsigargin, while the Perk pathway was not activated and thapsigargin treatment elicited robust expression of the downstream effector CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein. Thus, melanocytes adapt to ER stress by attenuating two UPR pathways.
Morphological and functional correlations in riboflavin UV A corneal collagen cross‐linking for keratoconus
Authors: Mazzotta Cosimo , Caporossi Tomaso , Denaro Rosario , Bovone Cristina , Sparano Caterina , Paradiso Anna , Baiocchi Stefano , Caporossi Aldo
Published: April 2010

Purpose:  To investigate the correlations between corneal structural modifications assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy with visual function [uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA)] and morphological data (corneal topography, pachymetry, elevation analysis) after riboflavin UV A corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) for the stabilization of progressive keratoconus.

Methods:  Forty‐four eyes with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in the Siena Eye Cross Study (prospective nonrandomized phase II open trial). All eyes underwent Riboflavin UV A CXL. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation comprised: UCVA, BSCVA, optical pachymetry (Visante OCT, Zeiss, Germany), corneal topography (CSO, Florence, Italy) and tomography (Orbscan IIz; B&L, Rochester, NY, USA) and in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II; Rostock, Heidelberg Gmbh, Germany). Examinations were performed preoperatively 6 months and one day before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of follow‐up.

Results:  In vivo corneal confocal microscopy showed time‐dependent postoperative epithelial and stromal modifications after cross‐linking. Epithelial thinning associated with stromal oedema and keratocytes apoptosis explained initial tendency towards slightly reduced VA and more glare one month postoperatively in 70% of eyes. Furthermore, a statistically not significant early worsening of topographic mean K values was observed. Orbscan II analysis significantly underestimated pachymetric values after treatment. Pachymetric underestimation was rectified by high‐resolution optical pachymetry provided by the Visante OCT system. After the third post‐CXL month, epithelial thickening, disappearance of oedema and new collagen compaction recorded by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy explained the improvements in visual performance during the follow‐up. Changes in stromal reflectivity and collagen compaction observed by in vivo confocal microscopy were associated with corneal flattening and reduction in anterior elevation values recorded by differential topographic analysis.

Conclusion:  Corneal structural changes assessed by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy demonstrated significant correlations with visual function (UCVA and BSCVA) and morphological (corneal topography, pachymetry, elevation analysis) findings recorded after riboflavin‐UV A‐induced CXL.
Retinal sensitivity and fixation changes 1 year after triamcinolone acetonide assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole surgery – a MP‐1 microperimetric study
Authors: Ozdemir Hakan , Karacorlu Murat , Senturk Fevzi , Karacorlu Serra A. , Uysal Omer
Published: April 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e222–e227

Purpose:  To evaluate microperimetric changes 1 year after macular hole surgery with triamcinolone acetonide assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

Methods:  Twenty‐two eyes of 22 patients with stage 3 and 4 idiopathic macular holes of <6 months’ duration underwent vitrectomy with triamcinolone acetonide assisted ILM peeling. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and central retinal sensitivity were documented before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Macular sensitivity (mean sensitivity in decibels ‐dB), and stability and location of fixation (preferred retinal locus) were determined using MP‐1 microperimetry (Nidek). The MP‐1 microperimetry sensitivity map was overlaid onto infrared images recorded on a Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope using dedicated MP‐1 software to evaluate the fixation location before surgery. Anatomical success was evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Optical coherence tomography scans were recorded on an OCT 3000 scanner.

Results:  Anatomical success was achieved in all 22 eyes. All patients completed 1 year follow‐up. No recurrence of macular hole was seen in any patients in the follow‐up period. The mean BCVA improved from 0.75 ± 0.2 before surgery to 0.31 ± 0.1 logMAR at the last visit (p < 0.001). Mean sensitivity improved from 3.7 ± 0.6 to 5.3 ± 1.0 dB at the last visit (p < 0.001). Before surgery, the preferred retinal locus was located on the margin of the hole in all, in 18 eyes on its upper part and in four eyes to the side or on its lower part. Preoperatively, 12 eyes were stable and 10 were relatively unstable, but 12 month after surgery, fixation stability had improved, and 20 eyes were stable and two were relatively unstable.

Conclusions:  MP‐1 microperimetry sensitivity map overlaid onto an infrared image using dedicated MP‐1 software can be used successfully to evaluate fixation location in patients with a macular hole before surgery. With microperimetry findings, we can also measure functional macular changes more precisely than using BCVA alone after macular hole surgery. Our results also showed that retinal sensitivity and fixation properties were improved after vitrectomy with triamcinolone acetonide assisted ILM peeling in patients with idiopathic macular hole.
Pharmacological Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroprotection
Authors: Kincses Zsigmond Tamas , Vecsei Laszlo
Published: April 2010

Although the number of available therapeutic approaches in Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily increasing the search for effective neuroprotective agent is continuing. Such research is directed at influencing the key steps in the pathomechanism: the mitochondrial dysfunction, the oxidative stress, the neuroinflammatory processes and the final common apoptotic pathway. Earlier‐developed symptomatic therapies were implicated to be neuroprotective, and promising novel disease modifying approaches were brought into the focus of interest. The current review presents a survey of our current knowledge relating to the pathomechanism of PD and discusses the putative neuroprotective therapy.
Vigor, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of Changes in Fibrinogen and C‐reactive Protein
Authors: Shirom Arie , Toker Sharon , Melamed Samuel , Berliner Shlomo , Shapira Izhak
Published: April 2010

We expected vigor to predict lower levels and depressive symptoms and anxiety to predict higher levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen across time. Participants (N = 538 men and 203 women) were apparently healthy employees examined about three years apart (T1 and T2). We analysed our data separately for men and women, controlling for T1 level of the criterion. For the women, T1 vigor predicted lower T2 fibrinogen (controlling for T1 fibrinogen) and was curvilinearly associated with T2 CRP (controlling for T1 CRP). For the men, T1 vigor was curvilinearly associated with T2 fibrinogen and—for younger men only—T1 vigor predicted lower levels of T2 CRP, controlling for the T1 values of each criterion. T1 depressive symptoms and anxiety did not predict the T1 to T2 changes in fibrinogen and CRP. No support for possible reverse causation was found. We suggest that high levels of vigor may be implicated in reductions over time of CRP and fibrinogen concentrations among both men and women.
Laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in patients with severe cirrhosis
Authors: Tomikawa M , Sugimachi K , Akahoshi T , Ikeda Y , Korenaga D , Takenaka K , Maehara Y
Published: April 2010

We used laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in four patients with severe cirrhosis. A skin incision was made just above the hernia and the circumferential abdominal wall was exposed. Under laparoscopic vision, transabdominal‐wall mattress sutures were placed circumferentially around the hernia without leaving a gap between the sutures, and the mesh was placed over the hernia sac and fixed by ligation. Neither postoperative peritonitis nor rupture with ascites was found. None of the patients experienced hernia recurrence or mesh infection after a mean follow‐up of 563 d. There was no relevant mortality. Laparoscopic‐assisted onlay meshplasty to treat umbilical hernias in patients with severe cirrhosis seems to be technically feasible and offers good results without complications and early recurrence.
A rare case of inguinal bladder hernia in a child
Authors: Kuyama H , Nii A , Takehara H
Published: April 2010

Indirect inguinal hernia requiring surgical treatment is common in children and most patients recover uneventfully. However, rare complications, such as bladder damage, have been reported. Here, we report a rare case of pediatric bladder hernia presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. In the laparoscopic inspection of this case, we were unable to identify patent processus vaginalis but found the bladder protrusion during an inguinal incision approach. Similar cases carry a risk of intraoperative bladder injury.
Tumor recurrence at a stapled‐anastomosis after radical laparoscopic surgery for descending colon cancer treated successfully by laparoscopic colectomy: A case report
Authors: Nhan LQ , Inomata M , Etoh T , Tojigamori M , Shiraishi N , Kitano S
Published: April 2010

Anastomosis using linear staplers following colonic resection has been increasingly used due to its convenience and technical safety. However, there have been few reports of stapled‐anastomotic recurrence after curative resection for colon cancer. Here, we report a rare case of suture‐line recurrence after functional end‐to‐end anastomosis. A 78‐year‐old woman underwent radical laparoscopic colectomy for advanced descending colon cancer. A postoperative 1 year follow‐up colonoscopy revealed that suture‐line recurrence had occurred. After the detection of early stage recurrent cancer, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial colectomy. This rare case of suture‐line recurrence in functional end‐to‐end anastomosis possibly occurred due to tumor implantation after curative laparoscopic surgery for advanced descending colon cancer. The follow‐up colonoscopy was helpful in diagnosing the anastomotic recurrence in its early stages. In addition, laparoscopic surgery for primary colon cancer led to successful laparoscopic treatment for recurrent cancer as a result of reduced bowel adhesion.
Diagnostic Methods in Equine Dermatology
Authors: THOMSETT L. R.
Published: April 2010

Details of a demonstration mounted at The B.E.V.A. general meeting (March, 1968) to illustrate the techniques available to the practitioner as aids to the diagnosis of skin diseases of equines. The author discussed the various procedures with those attending.
Racecourse Accidents
Authors: PHILCOX R. A.
Published: April 2010

The author outlines the veterinary arrangements in operation at the racecourse he attends. The types of accidents seen are recorded and his methods of dealing with the recumbent horse are discussed.

L'auteur décrit l'organisation vétérinaire du Champ de Course ont il assure le service sanitaire. II donne une nomenclature des divers accidents qu'il a rencontré dans l'exercice de ses fonctions et expose le protocole qu'il applique aux chevaux accidentés qui ne peuvent se relever.

Der Verfasser beschreibt die Einrichtungen, die dem Tierarzt auf der Rennbahn zur Verf ügung stehen, auf der er seine Tätigkeit ausübt. Dieverschiedenen vorkommenden Unfälle werden aufgeführt. Der Autor diskutiert sein Vorgehen bei verunfallten, am Boden liegenden Pferden.
IV. The Practical Application of Haematology ‐ 2
Authors: SECKINGTON I. M.
Published: April 2010

The interpretation of laboratory results are considered to be of paramount importance. It is suggested that this could best be carried out by a practitioner with an intimate knowledge of both the horse, and laboratory procedures.

In an attempt to prove this the paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of a practice laboratory, and describes several suggested techniques whereby the figures obtained are of the greatest value for a useful interpretation. The importance of this is stressed in its application to the routine haematological examination of racehorses, as well as in those horses which are either abnormally excited or exercised prior to sampling.

L'interprétation des résultats donnés par le laboratoire a une importance considérable. A tout prendre l'ideal pour y parvenir serait que les tests soient réalisés par le praticien lui meme, bénéficiant d'une intime connaissance de son malade et d'une bonne habitude des techniques de laboratoire.

Dans cet esprit, cet article évoque et compare les avantages et les inconvénients du laboratoire, fonctionnant au niveau de la clinique. Des techniques sont décrites dont les résultats ont une grande valeur pratique.

Ces idées trouvent leur application dans le controle hématologique des chevaux de course et dans le cas particulier des chevaux qui sont excités ou simplement soumis à une épreuve d'effort avant tout prélèvement.

Die Interpretation von Laborresultaten wird als ausserordentlich wichtig angesehen. Der Verfasser ist der Ansicht, dass die Beurteilung am besten durch einen Praktiker geschieht, der sowohl das Pferd als auch die Labormethoden eingehend kennt.

In diesem Artikel werden die Vor‐ und Nachteile eines Praxislabors verglichen, und verschiedene Methoden empfohlen, wobei die erhaltenen Resultate von grósster Bedeutung für die nützliche Interpretation sind. Die Wichtigkeit dieses Punktes wird unterstrichen bei der Anwendung der routinemässigen, haematologischen Untersuchung von Rennpferden und bei Pferden, die vor der Blutentnahme entweder sehr aufgeregt oder bewegt worden sind.

SUMARIO

La interpretación de los resultados de laboratorio son considerados por ser de extrema importancia. Se sugiere que debería de estar al alcance del clinico quien está en íntimo contacto entre caballo y técnicas de laboratorio.

Se intenta probar esto comparando las ventajas y desventajas del labororio práctico, y se describen algunas técnicas sugeridas donde las cifras quese obtienenson de gran valor para la interpretación útil.

La importancia de este esfuerzo es aplicable a la rutina de exámenes hematológicos en los caballos de carrera, como también es esos caballos que están ya sea anormalmente excitados o entrenados previa toma de la muestra.
Analysis of a Proposed Test to Assess Fatigue in Horses
Authors: LITTLEWORT M. C. G. , HICKMAN J.
Published: April 2010

A test for excessive fatigue based on the changes in heart and respiratory rates in competing horses during an 8 minute rest period in three British Horse Trials was evaluated.

Statistical comparison between the results of the test and the performance of horses in the trials led the authors to conclude that the test was of no value in identifying severely fatigued horses, and in certain circumstances it might even produce misleading results.

Fondé sur les modifications des ryhtmes cardiaque et respiratoire sur les chevaux de compétition, après un repos de 8 minutes, un test a été effectué lors de trois concours hippiques nationaux.

Une comparaison statistique entre les données obtenues et les performances des chevaux lors des épreuves permet aux auteurs de conclure que la technique utilisée n'a aucune valeur pour identifier les chevaux les plus fatigués et meme que cette méthode peut, quelquefois, fournir des résultats trompeurs.

Ein Test für die Beurteilung übermässiger Ermüdung bei sportlichen Prüfungen wurde ausgewertet, der auf den Veränderungen der Herzschlag—und Atemfrequenz während einer acht Minuten dauernden Ruhepause beruht.

Ein statistischer Vergleich der Testergebnisse mit der Leistung der Pferde während der Prüfung führte die Autoren zum Schluss, dass eine derartige Beurteilung der Ermüdung nicht nur wertlos, sondern unter Umständen sogar irreführend sein könne.
Equine Anaesthesia: an Assessment of Techniques Used in Clinical Practice
Authors: MITCHELL B.
Published: April 2010

The results of a seven year survey are presented. Four hundred and seventy‐three horses were anaesthetised and details are indicated of their breed type, age and body weight. The drugs and techniques used for premedication and anaesthesia are outlined. An assessment is made of the adequacy of the techniques chosen for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia is evaluated with particular reference to the drugs administered.

Les résultats de sept années de recherche sont présentés. 473 chevaux ont été anesthèsiés, dont le type, l'age et le poids corporel sont précisés. Les techniques et les médicaments utilisés, tant pour la prémédication que pour l'anesthèsie sont indiquées.

La valeur des techniques choisies pour l'induction et pour le maintien de l'anesthésie fait l'objet d'une discussion. Enfin la phase de réveil est étudiée en fonction des différents anesthésiques employés.

Die Resultate einer sieben Jahre dauernden Studie werden vorgebracht. 473 Pferde wurden narkotisiert und nach Rasse, Alter und Gewicht aufgeteilt. Die zur Praemedikation und Narkose verwendeten Medikamente und Verfahren werden angegeben und ihre Eignung zur Induktion und Erhaltung der Narkose beurteilt. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Beurteilung der Medikamente hinsichtlich der Erholung von der Narkose gelegt.

SUMARIO

Son presentados resultados de 7 años de investigación en 473 caballos anestesiados y se indican las caracteristicas de su raza edad y pesos corporal. Las drogas y técnicas utilizadas como premedicación y anestesia son mencionados. Se hace una contribución a la técnica adecuada escogida para la inducción y mantenimiento de la anestesia. Es evaluada la recuperación de la anestesia con referencia particular a las drogas administradas.
A Method of Vectorcardiogram: Loop Portrayal
Authors: HOLMES J. R.
Published: April 2010

The paper describes a method of writing out vectorcardiograms using an XY/T plotter. The technique involves the storage of ECG signals on magnetic tape and their subsequent playback at slow speed to produce planar vector loops and scalar ECGs.

L'article décrit une méthode d‘écriture du vectocardiogramme. Cette technique comporte le “stockage” des signaux ECG sur bande magnètique et leur reproduction ultèrieure au ralenti afin d'obtenir des boucles vectorielles dans un plan et des ECG scalaires.

Der Artikel beschreibt eine Methode zur Registrierung von Vektorkardiogrammen mit Hilfe eines XY/T Systems. Die Technik bedient sich der Speicherung von EKG‐Signalen auf Magnetband und ihres späteren Rückspielens mit niedriger Geschwindigkeit zur Bestimmung von planaren Vektorschlingen und skalaren EKG's.
Symposium on Equine Abdominal Surgery
Authors: MESSERVY A.
Published: April 2010

The techniques for entering the abdomen via the flank, mid‐line and external inguinal ring are described. The methods of closure and the types and sizes of suture materials used are given.

Les techniques pour accéder à l'intérieur de l'abdomen par le flanc, par la ligne blanche et par l'anneau inguinal externe sont décrites. Les méthodes de sutures et les types et dimensions de ligatures utilisées sont indiqués.

Die Technik der abdominalen Chirurgie mit Eröffnung der Flanke, der linea alba oder des Inguinalkanals wird beschrieben. Die Methoden zum Verschluss und die Stärke des verwendeten Nahtmaterials werden angegeben.
II Role of the Anaesthetist
Authors: WEAVER B. M. Q.
Published: April 2010

Some anaesthetic procedures which have been used for abdominal surgery during the past ten years are reviewed. The advantages of maintaining anaesthesia by controlled inhalation are enumerated and the importance of maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation is stressed. Horses breathing spontaneously under halothane anaesthesia are likely to develop a severe respiratory acidosis which is especially dangerous during major abdominal surgery.

Quelques techniques d'anesthésie utilisées pour la chirurgie abdominale durant les dix dernières années sont passées en revue.

Les avantages d'une anesthésie prolongée par inhalation controlée sont énumèrés et l'importance qu'il y a à maintenir une ventilation pulmonaire correcte est soulignée.

Les chevaux qui respirent spontanément sous anesthésie par halothane sont susceptibles de développer une acidose respiratoire sévère qui se révèle plus particulièrement dangereuse lors d'intervention importante sur l'abdomen.

In diesem Bericht werden einige Methoden zur Narkose, die in den letzten 10 Jahren in der Abdominalchirurgie angewendet wurden, beschrieben. Die Vorteile der kontrollierten Inhalationsnarkose werden aufgezählt und die hervorragende Bedeutung einer ausreichenden Lungenventilation hervorgehoben. Pferde die unter Halothannarkose spontan atmen, entwickeln oft eine schwere respiratorische Acidose, die besonders während grösseren Abdominaleingriffen gefährlich wird.

Sumario

Se revisan algunas tecnicas de anestesia que han sido usadas en cirugia abdominal durante los ultimos 10 años. Son enumeradas las ventajas y mantenimiento de la anestesia por inhalacion y la importancia de la adecuada ventilacion pulmonar es enfatizada. Los caballos que respiran expontaneamente bajo anestesia con halotane se asemejan al desarrollo de acidosis severa respiratoria la cual es especialmente peligrosa durante la cirugia abdominal mayor.
IV Observations on Colic and Abdominal Surgery in the Horse
Authors: LIMONT A. G.
Published: April 2010

The symptoms and surgical treatment of fourteen cases of colic are discussed. The diagnosis and surgical treatment of eight cases similar to the syndrome of “gut oedema” in pigs is described.

Les symptomes et le traitement chirurgical de quatorze cas de coliques sont rapportés. Le diagnostic et la cure chirurgicale de huit cas analogues au syndrome “oedème intestinal” chez le Porc sont décrits.

Symptome und chirurgische Behandlung von 14 Kolik‐Fällen werden diskutiert. Die Diagnose und die Therapie von 8 Fällen eines der Oedemkrankheit des Schweines ähnlichen Syndroms werden beschrieben.

Sumario

Los sintomas y tratamiento quirúrgico de 14 casos son discutidos. Asi mismo se describen el diagnóstico y tratamien o quirúrgico en 8 casos similares al sindrome de “edema” intestinal encerdos.
Symposium on Equine Radiology/Radiography
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: April 2010

Consideration is given to the special problems that confront equine practitioners in the radiographic investigation of their patients, particularly with regard to radiation protection. The main difficulties arise when the horse is X‐rayed in the standing position and attention is, therefore, given to techniques for restraining the animal and also for holding and positioning cassettes so that the radiographer and his assistants are adequately protected. An account is also given of detailed measurements that have been made to test the effectiveness of the equipment described.

On considère les problèmes particuliers que rencontrent les spécialistes du Cheval dans leurs recherches radiographiques, notamment sous l'angle de la protection contre les radiations.

Les principales difficultés apparaissent lorsque le cheval est radiographié debout, et l'on insiste sur les techniques utilisables pour contenir l'animal et pour placer et maintenir les cassettes de telle façon que l'opérateur et ses assistants soient efficacement protégés.

Des détails sont donnés sur les mesures qui ont été faites, destinées à apprécier l'efficacité de l'équipement recommandé.

Die speziellen Probleme mit denen sich der Pferdepraktiker bei der Röntgenuntersuchung seiner Patienten abzugeben hat, insbesondere der Strahlenschutz, werden diskutiert. Schwierigkeiten treten vor allem auf bei der Röntgenuntersuchung des stehenden Pferdes. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird deshalb den Zwangsmassnahmen und dem Halten und Placieren der Kassetten zum genügenden Schutz des Untersuchers und des Hilfspersonals geschenkt. Genauere Messungen über die Wirksamkeit der Ausrüstung werden angegeben.

Sumario

Se dan consideraciones a los problemas escpeciales al cual esta expuesto el clínico en la investigación radiografica de sus pacientes particularmente en relación a la protección de la radiacíon. Las mas importantes dificultades cuando es radiado el caballo en posición de píe, sin embargo, se citan la utilizatión de tecnicas de contencíon adecuadas, sosteniniemto de los chasioes de manera que ela persona que radía y el a yudante que sostiene el chasis esten adecuadamente protegidos.

Asi mismo se calcula a detalle la medición de efectividad del equipo de proteccíon descritos.
Disease of Respiratory System in Horses Caused by Viruses
Authors: LAPCEVIC E. , PAUNOVIC S.
Published: April 2010

Les symptomes de la Grippe équine sont décrits. La situation hématologique durant l'évolution de la maladie est rappelée et les moyens de la controler sont indiqués.

Die Symptome der equinen Influenza werden beschrieben und die haematologischen Befunde während der Erkrankung wiedergegeben. Die Arbeit enthält Empfehlungen für die Kontrolle der Influenza.

Sumario

Enfermedades del sistema respiratorio en el caballo. Se describen los sintomas de la influenza equina. Se mide los records hematologicos durante la enfermedad para su control recomendado.
Some Aspects of Equine Dental Disease
Authors: BAKER GORDON J.
Published: April 2010

Dental diseases have been shown to be extremely common in horses. The diseases are more severe and have a higher incidence over ten years of age. Periodontal disease results from malocclusion and can be prevented by regular attention to dental irregularities. The aetiology of dental decay (infundibular necrosis) is different from dental caries in man and is seen as a unique disease of the upper cheek teeth.

Les maladies dentaires sont très répandues chez le Cheval. Elles sont plus fréquentes et plus sévères au delà de dix ans d'age. La maladie périodontale est la conséquence d'une mauvaise occlusion et peut être prévenue par une attention régulière aux irrégularités dentaires. L'étiologie de la carie dentaire (Nécrose infundibulaire) est différente de celles des caries chez l'Homme; cette maladie affecte exclusivement les molaires supérieures.

Zahnkrankheiten kommen beim Pferd sehr häufig vor. Die Erkrankungen sind schwerer und kommen häufiger vor bei Tieren über 10 Jahren. Schlechter Zahnschluss führt zu periodontalen Leiden, die verhindert werden können durch periodische Korrektur dentaler Unregelmässigkeiten. Die Aetiologie infundibulärer Nekrosen ist nicht identisch mit derjenigen der menschlichen Karies. Der Zustand wird nur in den oberen Backzähnen beobachtet.
Variations in the Albumin Content of Blood Serum in Thoroughbred Horses
Authors: MULLEN P. A.
Published: April 2010

Serum albumin concentrations were determined from over five hundred Thoroughbred horses of various ages and physiological states. A significant difference (p <0.01) between the value for the two year old and yearling is recorded. It is suggested that this may be the result of a dietary deficiency during the period the two year old is required to perform strenuous exercise as well as continue its normal growth.

Les concentrations d'albumine sérique ont été déterminées chez plus de 500 chevaux de Pur Sang d'ages différents et dans des états physiologiques divers. Une différence significative (p >0.01) a été trouvée entre les valeurs moyennes chez les yearlings et chez les deux ans. Les auteurs estiment que ce fait peut être la conséquence d'une déficience diététique chez le poulain de deux ans soumis à des efforts importants et contraint de se développer normalement dans le même temps.

Die Konzentrationen von Serumalbumin wurden bei über 500 Vollblutpferden verschiedenen Alters und unterschiedlichem Allgemeinzustand bestimmt. Eine signifikante Differenz (p >0.01) zwischen den Werten für 2‐jährige und denjenigen für Jährlinge konnte nachgewiesen werden. Diese Unterschiede dürften das Resultat eines fütterungsbedingten Mangels sein, der während der Zeit, in der der 2‐jährige einem strengen Training unterzogen wird und gleichzeitig sein normales Wachstum fortsetzt, zum Ausdruck kommt.
Changes in the Distal Epiphysis, the Epiphyseal Plate and the Metaphysis of the Radius as a Cause of Lameness in Finnish‐Bred Horses
Authors: PAATSAMA S. , JUSSILA J. , ALITALO I.
Published: April 2010

The microstructure of the distal epiphysis, the epiphyseal plate and the metaphysis of the radius of 2 two year‐old Finnish‐bred horses, one affected and the other normal, was examined using histological and histochemical methods, OTC‐bone labelling technique, and microradiography. A broad germinal zone of the epiphyseal plate showed degenerated cells in clusters as well as cyst‐like formations containing a meta‐chromatically staining mass. OTC fluorescence in the metaphysis was scanty and showed bridge‐like formations pushing from the metaphysis into the epiphyseal plate. Microradiography revealed osteophyte‐like formations, which were strongly fluorescent. Specimens of the epiphyseal plate of the healthy horse taken from different sites varied in regard to both total thickness and relationship between the growth zone, zone of cartilage transformation and zone of ossification.

La microstructure de l'épiphyse distale, du plateau épiphysaire et de la diaphyse du radius, chez deux chevaux Finnois de deux ans, l'un malade et l'autre normal, fut examinée à l'aide de méthodes histologiques et histochimiques, et par microradiographie.

Une large zone germinale du plateau épiphysaire montra des amas de cellules dégénérées et des formations de type kystique renfermant un matériel métachromatique. La fluorescence OTC au niveau de la diaphyse se montra faible et rare, témoignant de formations en pont naissant dans la diaphyse et diffusant vers le plateau épiphysaire. La microradiographie révéla des formations de nature ostéophytique qui se révélèrent fortement fluorecentes.

Les specimens de plateau épiphysaire prélevés sur le cheval sain à différents endriots se montrèrent différents à la fois pour ce qui concerne l'épaisseur totale et les relations entre la zone de croissance, la zone de transformation du cartilage et la zone d'ossification.

Die Mikrostruktur der distalen Epiphyse, der epiphysealen Platte und der Metaphyse des Radius zweier 2‐jähriger finnischer Pferde, wovon das eine erkrankt, das andere normal war, wurde mit Hilfe histologischer und histochemischer Methoden, mit einer Oxytetracyclinmarkierung und mit Mikroradiographie untersucht. Eine breite Keimzone der epiphysealen Platte wies degenerierte Zellen in Gruppen auf und auch zystenähnliche Gebilde, die eine metachromatisch sich färbende Masse enthielten. Die Oxytetracyclinfluoreszenz in der Metaphyse war gering und wies brückenähnliche Gebilde auf, die aus der Metaphyse in die epiphyseale Platte vorstiessen.

Mikroradiographische Untersuchungen liessen osteophytenähnliche Bildungen nachweisen, die stark fluoreszeierten. Verschiedene Zonen aus der epiphysealen Platte des gesunden Pferdes unterschieden sich sowohl in ihrer Dicke als auch in der Beziehung zwischen Keim zone, Zone der Knorpeltransformation und Ossifikationszone von den Befunden beim erkrankten Tire.
Glanders: a Contribution to Epidemiology
Authors: HICKMAN J.
Published: April 2010

The history of glanders is outlined with special reference to its contribution to the study of epidemiology especially during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its method of spread and the employment of mallein in its eradication is discussed in some detail. The legislation necessary for its eradication and control in the United Kingdom is described.

L'historique de la maladie est esquissé et l'on montre ce que son étude a apportéà l'élaboration de l'épidèmiologie en particulier durant les dix huitième et dix neuvième siècles.

La façon dont la maladie se propage et l'emploi de la mallèine dans son éradication sont étudiés. La législation de la maladie en Grande Bretagne est indiquée.

Die Geschichte des Rotz wird beschrieben mit spezieller Berücksichtigung der Epidemiologie, vor allem während des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Art der Ausbreitung der Krankheit und der Gebrauch von Mallein bei ihrer Ausrottung wird im Detail diskutiert. Die für die Aus merzung und die Kontrolle von Rotz in England notwendige Gesetzgebung wird beschrieben.

Sumario

Se subraya la historia del muermo con special referenda a la contribucíon del estudio especial epidemiológico durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. El metodo de distribucíon y el empleo de maleina y su iradicacíon se cita como ciertos detalles. La legislacíon necesaria para su irradicacíon y control en el Reino Unido es citado.
Glyceryl Guaiacolate: a Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxant
Authors: FUNK K. A.
Published: April 2010

A review of the history of centrally‐acting muscle relaxants has been given. The centrally‐acting muscle relaxant glyceryl guaiacolate has been used extensively in continental Europe and, within recent years, has attracted the attention of North American workers. The pharmacological properties of the drug have been described. Glyceryl guaiacolate has been used in humans as well as in domestic and small experimental animals. A detailed description of its indications has been given. These include the fields of short and long term relaxation, tetanus treatment, anaesthesia, gynaecology, obstetrics and neurology.

On passe en revue l'historique des relaxants musculaires à action centrale. Le gaiacolate de glycerol, relaxant d'action centrale, a été utilisé largement en Europe continentale et, depuis quelques années, a attiré l'attention des chercheurs Nord Américains. Les propriètés pharmacologiques de la substance sont décrites. Le gaiacolate de glycerol a été utilisé tant chez l'Homme que chez les animaux domestiques et chez les animaux de laboratoire. Une description détaillée de ses applications est donnée: relaxation de courte ou de longue durée, traitement du tetanos, anesthésie, gynécologie, obstétrique et neurologie.

Der Autor gibt zuerst eine Literaturübersicht über zentralwirkende Muskelrelaxantien. Das zentrale Angreifen von Glyceringuaiacolat hat im kontinentalen Europa eine weite Verbreitung und in den letzten Jahren auch die Aufmerksamkeit nordamerikanischer Bearbeiter erfahren. Die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften des Medikaments werden beschrieben. Glyceringuaiacolat ist sowohl beim Menschen als auch beim Haustier und bei kleinen Labortieren angewendet worden. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung seiner Indikationen wird angeführt. Die Indikationen umfassen: Kurz‐ und Langzeitrelaxation, Tetanusbehandlung, Narkose, Gynaekologie, Geburtshilfe und Neurologie.

Sumario

Un repaso en la historia de las drogas musculo relajantes es expuesto. El gliceryl‐guayacolato como relajante muscular ha sido utilizado extensamente en el continenete Europeo y dentro, de los ultimos años ha atraido la atencíon de los investigadores Norteamericanos. Las propiedades farmacológicas de la drogas son descritas. El Gliceryl‐guayacolato ha sido aplicado a humanos asi como a los animales domesticos y animales de laboratorio. Se dan indicaciones detalladas para su utilizacíon. Esto abarca los campos de larga y corta duracíon de relajacíon, tratamiento para el tétanos, anestesia, ginecologia obstetricia y neurologia.
Neuritis of the Cauda Equina of Horses: a Case Report
Authors: MILNE F. J. , CARBONELL P. L.
Published: April 2010

Clinical and pathological findings in a case of polyneuritis of the cauda equina in a horse are described. The clinical features were primarily paralysis of the bladder and anal sphincter, with later development of paraplegia. The lesions consisted of a non‐suppurative inflammation and proliferation of the perineurium of the nerves of the cauda equina, and of dorsal and ventral nerve roots in most segments of the spinal cord. Lesions interpreted as acute denervation atrophy of muscles were found. Support is given for the name polyneuritis equi for this disease.

On décrit les données pathologiques et cliniques recueillies lors d'un cas de polynévrite de la queue de cheval, chez un cheval. Initialement les signes cliniques furent la paralysie de la vessie et du sphincter anal, avec plus tard le développement d'une paraplègie.

Les lésions constatées étaient une inflammation non suppurative et une prolifèration du périnèvre des nerfs de la cauda equina, des racins ventrales et des racines dorsales de la plupart des segments de la moelle épinière.

Des lésions d'atrophie musculaire aigue furent constatées. Les raisons pour lesquelles cette maladie est appelée polynévrite du cheval sont indiquées.

Klinische und pathologische Befunde bei einem Fall einer Polyneuritis der Cauda Equina eines Pferdes werden beschrieben. Die klinischen Zeichen bestanden vor allem aus einer Paralyse der Blase und des sphincter ani mit einer nachfolgenden Entwicklung von Paraplegie. Die Läsionen bestanden aus einer nicht suppurativen Entzündung und Proliferation des Perineuriums der Nerven der Cauda Equina und der dorsalen und ventralen Wurzeln in den meisten Segmenten des Rückenmarks. In der Muskulatur wurden Schäden gefunden, die als akute Denervationsatrophie interpretiert worden sind. Der Gebrauch der Bezeichnung Polyneuritis equi für diese Krankheit wird empfohlen.

Sumario

Rescubrimientos clinicos y patológicos en un caso de polineuritis en la cola de caballo del equino es descrita. Los primeros datos clinicos fuwron primeramente parálisis de la vejiga y del esfinter anal con desarrollo posterior de paraplegia. La lesíon consisto en una inflamacíon non supurativa y proliferacíon del perineo de los nervios de la cola de caballo, y en las raices dorsales y ventrales de los nervios de la espina dorsal. Se encontraron atrofias musculares debido a la aguda desnervacíon. Se da el nombre de plineuritis equi para esta enfermedad.
Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis in a Horse
Authors: WOOD A. P.
Published: April 2010

A case of cerebrospinal nematodiasis with some unusual features is described in a 6‐year‐old Hackney mare. An account is given of the clinical signs, postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. The available literature is reviewed and an outline of the differential diagnosis given.

Un cas de nématodiase cérébrospinale avec des signes inhabituels est décrit chez une jument de six ans de type Hackney.

Le compte rendu des signes cliniques, des trouvailles nécropsiques et des lésions histopathologiques est donné.

La bibliographie est passée en revue; une esquisse du diagnostic differential est indiquée.

Ein Fall von cerebrospinaler Nematodiase mit ungewöhnlichem Symptomenbild wird beschrieben (6 jährige Hackney‐Stute). Es folgt eine Zusammenstellung der klinischen Symptome, der Autopsiebefunde und der histo‐pathologischen Veränderungen. Eine Besprechung der zugänglichen Literatur mit einem Abriss zur Differentialdiagnose schliesst sich an.

Sumario

Un caso de nematodos en las estructuras cerebroespinales con reacciones poco comunes es descrito en una yegua Hackney de 6 años de edad. Una relacion de signos clínicos es dada asi como hallazgos en el examen post‐morten y lesiones histopatólógicas. La literatura disponible es revisada y se da un diagnostico diferencia subrayándolo.