bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced water transportation on a superhydrophilic serial cycloid-shaped pattern
Authors: Yan Defeng , Lu Yi , Liu Jinming , Chen Yang , Sun Jing , Song Jinlong
Published: June 2023

Superhydrophilic serial cycloid-shaped pattern (SSCP) is inspired by the micro-cavity shape of the Nepenthes, which is transported fastest in the spontaneous and directional water transportation field.
Research progress of electrode shapes in EWOD-based digital microfluidics
Authors: Wu Xingyue , Tang Dongbao , He Qianpei , Liu Luxuan , Jia Zhaoyuan , Tan Yuyu
Published: June 2023

This review summarizes the working principles of DMF, and compares the effects of different electrode geometries on droplet manipulation.
Sequencing palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization cascades in a synthesis of the gelsemine core
Authors: Liang Guoduan , Anderson Edward A.
Published: June 2023

By investigation of the relative rates of Pd-catalyzed ene-ynamide cycloisomerization to form fused and spirocyclic rings, a sequence-controlled cascade has been developed to prepare the tetracyclic core of gelsemine in a single step.
Tuning the oxidation state of SnOx and mass transport to enhance catholyte-free CO2-to-formate electrolysis
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Devalla Vivek Shastry , Dunfield Sean P. , Palmer Jack R. , Dorr Sara , Kodur Moses , Gupta Apoorva , Fenning David P.
Published: June 2023

Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to concentrated formate with facile CO2 mass transport can facilitate carbon neutrality with industrial feasibility.
Promotion of photocatalytic hydrogen production by utilization of triplet excited states of organic dyes and adjustment of π–π interactions
Authors: Liu Siwei , Chen Qian , Chen YanTing , Lin Peixuan , Zhuzhang Hangyu , Han Mengmeng , Lan Zhi-An , Chen Xiong , Wang Xinchen , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: June 2023

Dye–dye and dye–PCN interactions were well-tuned by alkyl chain engineering to solve the unmatched electronic transitions in photocatalytic hydrogen production systems.
“Three-in-one” platform based on Fe-CDs nanozyme for dual-mode/dual-target detection and NIR-assisted bacterial killing
Authors: Yang Mei , Yao Jun , Su Borui , Xin Nini , Zhou Ting , Zeng Mingze , Wu Chengheng , Wei Dan , Sun Jing , Fan Hongsong
Published: June 2023

As nanozymes, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing attention due to their remarkable properties.
Rational design and combinatorial chemistry of ionizable lipids for RNA delivery
Authors: Xu Yue , Golubovic Alex , Xu Shufen , Pan Anni , Li Bowen
Published: June 2023

This review will delve into the crucial role of ionizable lipids in the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for efficient RNA delivery.
Mechanochemical destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film-forming foams and contaminated soil
Authors: Gobindlal Kapish , Shields Erin , Whitehill Andrew , Weber Cameron C. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Mechanochemical treatment, or high energy ball milling, was successfully employed to destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an aqueous film-forming foam concentrate and an authentic contaminated soil sample.
An IllustrisTNG view of the caustic technique for galaxy cluster mass estimation
Authors: Pizzardo Michele , Geller Margaret J. , Kenyon Scott J. , Damjanov Ivana , Diaferio Antonaldo
Published: June 2023

The TNG300-1 run of the IllustrisTNG simulations includes 1697 clusters of galaxies with M200c > 1014 M⊙ covering the redshift range 0.01 − 1.04. We built mock spectroscopic redshift catalogs of simulated galaxies within these clusters and applied the caustic technique to estimate the cumulative cluster mass profiles. We computed the total true cumulative mass profile from the 3D simulation data, calculated the ratio of caustic mass to total 3D mass as a function of cluster-centric distance, and identified the radial range where this mass ratio is roughly constant. The ratio of 3D to caustic mass on this plateau defines ℱβ. The filling factor, ℱβ = 0.41 ± 0.08, is constant on a plateau that covers a wide cluster-centric distance range, (0.6 − 4.2) R200c. This calibration is insensitive to redshift. The calibrated caustic mass profiles are unbiased, with an average uncertainty of 23%. At R200c, the average MC/M3D = 1.03 ± 0.22; at 2 R200c, the average MC/M3D = 1.02 ± 0.23. Simulated galaxies are unbiased tracers of the mass distribution. IllustrisTNG is a broad statistical platform for application of the caustic technique to large samples of clusters with spectroscopic redshifts for ≳200 members in each system. These observations will allow extensive comparisons with weak-lensing masses and will complement other techniques for measuring the growth rate of structure in the Universe.
Robotic Process Automation in Healthcare Sector
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet
Published: June 2023

Robotic process automation (RPA), a revolutionary technology that is currently being developed to relieve users’ daily duties of laborious and mundane duties. A number of research studies are currently being undertaken on this subject as a result of the completely novel field of study that the technology itself offers to the academic community. This pertains to a wholly distinct field of technology and is not robotics. The field of robotic technology known as robotic process automation is very contemporary and is growing quickly. The research presented here emphasises the key aspects of robotic process automation (RPA) and how it is used in the health care industry.
Experimental And Finite Element Studies of Stretch Forming Process for AA2014 Alloy At Elevated Temperature
Authors: Satyanarayana Kosaraju , Babu Kuraku Ratna , Baloji Dharavath , Chary Sriramoji Vilas , Kumar Chintha Pranay , Chowdary Dodda Yaswanth , Gatea M. Abdulfadhil , Ahmad Ishteyaaq
Published: June 2023

Sheet metal forming operations play a crucial role in the manufacturing process of various products. However, the challenge of plastic instability, which often leads to defective products, continues to persist in this field. It is important to consider various parameters, such as the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD), to overcome this issue during manufacturing. The Aluminium Alloy (AA2014) has been employed in this study to investigate its formability under different temperatures (room temperature, 150 °C, and 300 °C) at the strain rate of 0.1mm/s. The results of the study were obtained by performing stretch forming by utilizing the Nakajima test. The results showed the limiting strains of the material improved with an increase in temperature, and the findings were analyzed through fractography studies performed with a Scanning electron microscope, and simulations were done using LS-dyna software. This study provides valuable insights into the formability of AA 2014 sheets at elevated temperatures and will aid in the development of more efficient and effective sheet metal forming operations.
Alluvial soil stabilization using polypropylene fibers and marble dust in the embankment of flexible pavement
Authors: Adigopal Yara , Raja Kommineni Hemantha
Published: June 2023

A solid infrastructure is built in part by stabilizing the soil. Strength of the earth not only bears weight of load, but also rigidity, stability, and strength of structure. A crucial component for the construction of any project is soil with sufficient bearing capacity. Construction best practices include actual classification of strength criteria. Researchers have always had a particular interest in soil stabilization, and a variety of techniques as well as numerous additives—most notably cement, lime, fly ash, etc.—have been used to stabilize soil. Utilization of marble dust powder and polypropylene fiber is main topic of interest in soil stabilization research10%, 20%, and 30% of the soil weight as well as 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of PPF soil weight were extracted as marble dust. To understand their impact on soil stabilization, many soil characteristics were investigated. OMC-MDD, CBR, and UCS are the criteria this study took into account. According to IS 2720, test was carried out. Soil having 30% marble dust produced greatest results for OMC and MDD, whereas the soil containing 30% marble dust (MD) and 0.1% polypropylene fibers (PPF) produced best results for CBR. The investigation results an acceptable and significant improvement of soil properties.
Optimize the process parameters of wire EDM and to analyse the welding characteristics of tig welding joints using AISI 308
Authors: Kumarswamy Y. , Ganesh P. Durga , Kumar K. Ravi , Sai Varun S. , Vamsi G. Jagan , Phaneendra Y.
Published: June 2023

Wire Cut EDM technique is widely used to make small and precision cuts. Generally, a material with fragile geometry and hard structure is cut using a wire cut EDM. The main advantage of this method is that, it is a non-conventional machining process therefore it does not have a contact between the tool (wire) and the workpiece. This advantage gives it an edge over other machining techniques and it makes the process capable of machining even the weak structured and delicate materials. In the present experimental work, by using various machining parameters (Pulse on Time, Pulse off Time, and Wire Speed) were optimized using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Welding is most the important industrial processes, therefore lots of techniques have been developed to get an efficient and low-cost welding process for different types of materials. In this we will discuss about the welding characteristics of the of tig welding joints produced using different currents. That is, by changing the voltages for the number of passes to improve and strengthen the welded joint The research work aims to optimize the wire cut EDM process parameters for AISI 308 steel and analyze the welding characteristics of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded joints of the same material. The study intends to find the optimum combination of process parameters that would lead to the highest material removal rate, lowest wear rate, and best tensile properties of the material.
IoT Based Gas Leakage detection System Using GPS
Authors: Sharma V. Praveen , Raman Dugyala , Padmavathi V. , Gurram G. Vijendar Reddy
Published: June 2023

Gas leaks are a significant problem since they may have disastrous effects on infrastructure, human health, and greenhouse gas emissions, among other things. A method for early detection and alerting of gas leaks is required to reduce these dangers. In this project, we suggest a low-cost and efficient cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) gas leak detection system for usage in residential, commercial, and industrial contexts. An Arduino Uno microcontroller, a Wi-Fi module, and a MQ 2 gas sensor make up the system. The sensor notifies the microcontroller when gas is detected, and the microcontroller analyses the information before sending it to the cloud through the IoT module. The cloud platform offers a user-friendly interface for managing and visualising data on gas leaks, and it also notifies customers through email and SMS. The system comes with a GPS module and a smoke detector for real-time position tracking and fire detection. The smoke detector detects smoke and sounds an alert, while the GPS module monitors the system’s location. These qualities enable the system to effectively reduce the dangers of gas leaks and fires while enhancing environmental safety.
Investigation of Wear Characteristics on Gas Nitrided AISI 304 Stainless Steel under Dry Sliding Conditions
Authors: Gandhi M. Mamatha , Kumar Sanjay , Subbiah Ramaswamy , Sree K. Ramya , Rao D.S. Naga Malleswara , Suresh J. Venkata , Subbiah Ram
Published: June 2023

Stainless steel is a popular material used in various industries due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and durability. Gas nitriding has been found significantly to improve wear resistance. Chosen for this research work AISI 304 were examined and the impact of gas nitriding to 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 36 hrs were analyzed for better wear behavior. To evaluate the tribological behavior, wear tests were carried out using pin on disc tribometer. The samples were undergone with hardness tests and the microstructures were examined through scanning electron microscope The difference between the compound layer and the diffusion layer were analyzed on the microstructure. The results of untreated samples and nitride samples were compared.
A Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Model using Deep Learning
Authors: V. Akila , M.V.S. Nitin , I. Prasanth , Reddy M. Sandeep , G. Akash Kumar
Published: June 2023

Cryptocurrencies have gained immense popularity in recent years as an emerging asset class, and their prices are known to be highly volatile. Predicting cryptocurrency prices is a difficult task due to their complex nature and the absence of a central authority. In this paper, our proposal is to employ Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, a type of deep learning technique to forecast the prices of cryptocurrencies. We use historical price data and technical indicators as inputs to the LSTM model, which learns the underlying patterns and trends in the data. To improve the accuracy of the predictions, we also incorporate a Change Point Detection (CPD) technique using the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm. This method allows us to detect significant changes in cryptocurrency prices and adjust the LSTM model accordingly, leading to better predictions. We evaluate our approach predominantly on Bitcoin cryptocurrency, but the model can be implemented on other cryptocurrencies provided there are valid historical price data. Our experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms the baseline LSTM algorithm, achieving higher accuracy and better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Our research findings suggest that combining deep learning techniques such as LSTM with change point detection techniques such as PELT can improve cryptocurrency price prediction accuracy and have practical implications for investors, traders, and financial analysts.
Waste Plastic in Road Construction, Pathway to a Sustainable Circular Economy: A Review
Authors: Ogundana Ayodeji K.
Published: June 2023

Plastic waste is one among the numerous waste that is harmful to the environment and is been established to have a significant dominance among the industrial waste. A critical problem is in how to discard the waste plastic which is quite difficult because its non-biodegradability. Similarly, improving the sustainability of manufacturing industry and the overall circular economy remain a major challenge to the global economy. Thus, this study focused on the existing literatures on thedeployments of waste plastic in road construction. From the literature consulted, it was discovered that the incorporation of the waste plastics into the building materials like bitumen depends on the economical, ecological and technical requirements. However, adequate application of the waste plastics in road construction will provide roads and pavements with adequate rheological properties and reliability. Also, it will minimize the problem of dumping of waste plastics on the landfills that could pose threat to the environment. Thus, bringing a sustainable circular economy. This study provides a hub of information that will guide the government and other authorities on the need to develop policy that will guide the use of waste plastic in road construction without compromising the standard quality of road required.
The effect of various forms of treatment of vasculitis on C3, C4and C5acomplement levels in infants and children attending Assiut University Children Hospital (AUCH)
Authors: Fatthi Dalal Abdullah
Published: June 2023

Vasculitis is an umbrella term for various and heterogeneous disorders sharing the presence of inflammation of blood vessel walls (Geetha & Jefferson, 2020). Immune cell infiltrates involve the presence of leukocytes in the vessel with immune-complex deposition, which implies the activation of the complement system and then the swelling and destruction of vessel mural structures. The lumen is narrowed or occluded leading to ischemia and necrosis (Chimenti et al., 2015). It produces local symptoms resulting in hypoperfusion, infarction and hemorrhage and systemic symptoms with an increase in acute phase reactants (Salvador, 2020).

According to the size of the blood vessel affected and the distribution of vascular injury, pediatric vasculitis is classified into small vessel vasculitis as in Henochonlein Purpura (HSP), medium-sized vessel vasculitis as in Kawasaki disease and large vessel vasculitides affecting the aorta and its proximal branches. Some forms of small vessel vasculitis are characterized by the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), whereas others are associated with immune complex deposition in affected tissues. Clinical presentation supported by specific laboratory test, imaging, and confirmatory histology are necessary in order to perform vasculitides’ diagnosis (Sivaraman et al., 2020). To assess the severity of vasculitis and response to treatment, urinary biomarkers such as albumin/creatinine ratio (A/C ratio) in urine have been proved to be easily done and correlated well with both clinical and serological results (Zhang, 2020).

Aim of Work: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of various forms of drugs, used in treatment of vasculitis, on the serum levels of complements (C3, C4, and C5a) and Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), in infants and children attending Assiut University Children Hospital (AUCH).

Conclusion: In conclusion, cases on combined Methotrexate and Steroid therapy scored best regarding the lowering of C5a level in serum, however, in our cases as a whole, the level of C5a didn’t differ significantly from its level in control.

Although the 3 arms of therapy used in this study had good effect on C3 & C4 levels, yet their effect on C5a level was not significant from control. This finding could be explained by the fact that most of our studied cases were of the immune-complex deposition diseases type (which have no effect on C5a) and were ANCA negative. Therefore, C5a inhibitor drugs probably will not be suitable in treatment of most common causes of pediatric vasculitis encountered in this series. Perhaps, this type of therapy might be used in ANCA-Positive associated vasculitides, e.g. Wegener’s Granulomatosis.

Further research with bigger number of ANCA positive cases is needed to decide whether such cases could benefit from the use of C5a inhibitors or not.
Improving the Stability of Cascaded DC Power Supply System by Adaptive Active Capacitor Converter
Authors: Kumar R. Satish , Rajesh K. , Lenine D. , Tummala Suresh Kumar , Al-Jawahry Hassan Mohmmed , Sisodia Shivani
Published: June 2023

When all links are changes in the cascade is the corner of the shape in the dc division energy orbit (DEO). When resistances are intermission betwixt one by one stylish changes in that would possibly end up so the cascaded orbits are unsteady. They are antecedent we can place in a nearer to the useful in the cascaded orbit can be got in compelled to vary the supply they have load changes in the internal structure of the same regions in the electrical device they can be opposed in a quality of the characteristic of dc DEO. Throughout the Associate in nursing adaptation active device in the (AACC) we can know another determined in the cascaded orbit. Therefore the AACC was connected by side by side in the cascaded orbit’s they can mediate in between the carries and completely a requirement of a notice then they carries the voltage with none modification in this subsystems. when the cascaded orbits have their quantity of it slowly it will extend in time. They have activity fundamental truth to stop their magnificence thought in the AACC are mentioned throughout of this project, it can have four thousand eight hundred and zero watts cascaded orbit was contain a strive of process to move in a full-bridge changes they can be styli shed and evaluated. So when the simulation solutions have to clear the performance of the arrangement of AACC.
Hand Gesture Recognition and Conversion to Speech for Speech Impaired
Authors: Annapoorna E. , Nikhil Bonam John , Kashyap Burra , Abhishek Jula , Vadlapatla Tarun Sri Sai
Published: June 2023

The primary method of interaction between individuals is communication. In the case of speech-impaired people, the communication between them and normal people is not understandable by the latter as the former communicates through gestures and sign language. In the case of speech-impaired. Today, the Internet of Things (IoT) can be used for gesture recognition and to convert gestures into audible speech. In this project, a prototype is created such that the gesture or the sign language that is communicated is recognized by the flex sensors connected to the fingertips of a plain glove. The ESP32 microcontroller recognizes the gesture and converts it into the text format and this text format is updated onto the Google Firebase and is converted to speech form thus producing the text onto the OLED display sensor and the converted speech for communication in the mobile application Kodular Companion.
A review of Socio-economic indicators of sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Gani Abdul , Asjad Mohammed , Talib Faisal
Published: June 2023

Manufacturing organizations are implementing sustainability practices to be-come more sustainable. Understanding the manufacturing sustainability in-volves indicators which provides a quantitative or qualitative way of meas-ure to the organizations success in implementing the suitability practices in the organization. Hence present paper analyses the studies conducted in the field of sustainable manufacturing and identifies the socio-economic indica-tors of sustainability frequently used by the researches. From the review of the literature the 51 indicators were identified and then categorized in to meaningful groups to provide for the meaning context to these indicators. These indicators will be quite helpful in the assessment of manufacturing or-ganizations with respect to socio-economic sustainability.
Comparison of Control Techniques & Modeling of 15-level cross H Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Tummala Suresh Kumar , Shaik Sameera , Rao D. Srinivasa , Rao J Srinivas , Al-Kharsan Ibrahim H. , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the simulation of a 15-level cross-H bridge multilevel inverter using control techniques like sinusoidal pulse width modulation and third harmonic injection pulse width modulation. This paper aims to enhance output voltage level using fewer switches and to decrease total harmonic distortion by improving overall efficiency. Compared to other inverter topologies cross H bridge topology uses a lesser number of switches and dc voltages. Analysis and simulation of 15-level cross H bridge MLI are performed and presented.
Sexualpädagogik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin
Authors: Sielert Uwe
Published: June 2023

Einleitung Der Begriff Sexualpädagogik wird sowohl im populären Sprachgebrauch als auch in fachlichen Kontexten sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Wissenschaftliche und professionelle Diskurse benötigen jedoch möglichst eindeutige Begriffe. Der Beitrag definiert Sexualpädagogik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin. Zielgruppen sind die wachsende Gruppe der praktisch und konzeptionierend tätigen Fachkräfte sowie forschend und theoretisch Interessierte im weiten Bereich der sexuellen Bildung.

Forschungsziele Eingangs wird die Sexualpädagogik als Teildisziplin der Erziehungswissenschaft mit Bezügen zur Sexualwissenschaft begründet. Es folgt eine Konfrontation mit dem wissenschafts- und gesellschaftstheoretischen Diskurs um den Emanzipationsbegriff. Das aktuelle Instrumentarium der kritisch-reflexiven Erziehungswissenschaft wird als „Grammatik der wissenschaftlichen Diskurse“ zunächst auf die wissenschaftliche Methodologie und im Anschluss auf Handlungstheorien der Sexualerziehung und Sexuellen Bildung bezogen. Ein Ausblick fokussiert Zukunftsperspektiven und den internationalen Diskursraum.

Methoden Der Beitrag wählt ein kritisch-hermeneutisches Vorgehen und stützt sich auf Primär- und Sekundärliteratur aus den Bereichen Wissenschafts- und Gesellschaftstheorie, der Erziehungs- und Sexualwissenschaft sowie der pädagogischen Teildisziplinen Sozial- und Sexualpädagogik.

Ergebnisse Der Gegenstandsbereich der Sexualpädagogik umfasst das sexuelle Lernen, die Erziehbarkeit und Erziehungsbedürftigkeit wie auch sexuelle Bildsamkeit und Bildungsbedürftigkeit des Menschen einschließlich der damit korrespondierenden Professionsfelder von Unterricht, Erziehung und Bildung. Damit liegt es nahe, die Erziehungswissenschaft als Bezugsdisziplin mit der Sexualwissenschaft als wichtigster Nachbardisziplin zu verstehen. Emanzipation als Konzept und Erkenntnisinteresse gilt auch heute noch zur normativen Orientierung für alle wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen, die an Mündigkeit und Selbstbestimmung des Menschen interessiert sind, also auch für die Sexualpädagogik. Die methodologischen und ideologiekritischen Kriterien der kritisch-reflexiven Erziehungswissenschaft garantieren der Disziplin zudem ihre wissenschaftliche Autonomie.

Schlussfolgerung Sexualpädagogik benötigt als wissenschaftliche Metatheorie die Erziehungswissenschaft und die Nachbardisziplin Sexualwissenschaft mit emanzipatorischem Erkenntnisinteresse und kritisch-reflexiver Methodologie. Eine ausgearbeitete Theorie wie auch internationale Verortung stehen allerdings noch aus.
Social innovation and higher education: evolution and future promise
Authors: Wu Yenchun Jim , Goh Mark , Mai Yingping
Published: June 2023

Scholarly attention to social innovation has increased rapidly in recent years, but a broad picture to illustrate the structure of the field, tracing its evolution and identifying new research areas has been lacking. Thus, we conduct a three-step method to explore the trajectory of academic research on social innovation and identify potential research opportunities. In the first step, the bibliometric mapping software VOSviewer is used to visualize the network of authors and keyword co-occurrences. Next, SciMAT is applied to illustrate the evolution and importance of the themes. Then, content analysis is used to identify how specific research topics in social innovation in higher education have evolved. The author-keyword occurrence analysis and evolution map results reveal that innovation and design thinking were the most prominent keywords, and the citation analysis indicates that the works of Swyngedouw, Moulaert, and Westley as the leading research works in this field. The most influential countries during the study period from 1996 to July 2021 were the UK, the US, and Italy. Furthermore, the research collaboration network is more active among developed countries than among developing countries. Three research streams in social innovation in higher education have been identified: curriculum transformation, community-university partnership, and helix partnerships. This study supports understanding how higher education is shaped through social innovation. The results from this study can serve as a research reference on the state of the art and point to new research opportunities, notably on the need to engage developing countries in collaborating on social innovation in higher education through design, engagement, and partnership.
Communicating science in the COVID-19 news in the UK during Omicron waves: exploring representations of nature of science with epistemic network analysis
Authors: Cheung Kason Ka Ching , Chan Ho-Yin , Erduran Sibel
Published: June 2023

News media plays a vital role in communicating scientific evidence to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such communication is important for convincing the public to follow social distancing guidelines and to respond to health campaigns such as vaccination programmes. However, newspapers were criticised that they focus on the socio-political perspective of science, without explaining the nature of scientific works behind the government’s decisions. This paper examines the connections of the nature of science categories in the COVID-19 era by four local newspapers in the United Kingdom between November 2021 to February 2022. Nature of science refers to different aspects of how science works such as aims, values, methods and social institutions of science. Considering the news media may mediate public information and perception of scientific stories, it is relevant to ask how the various British newspapers covered aspects of science during the pandemic. In the period explored, Omicron variant was initially a variant of concern, and an increasing number of scientific evidence showed that the less severity of this variant might move the country from pandemic to endemic. We explored how news articles communicate public health information by addressing how science works during the period when Omicron variants surge. A novel discourse analysis approach, epistemic network analysis is used to characterise the frequency of connections of categories of the nature of science. The connection between political factors and the professional activities of scientists, as well as that with scientific practices are more apparent in left-populated and centralist outlets than in right-populated news outlets. Among four news outlets across the political spectrum, a left-populated newspaper, the Guardian, is not consistent in representing relations of different aspects of the nature of scientific works across different stages of the public health crisis. Inconsistency of addressing aspects of scientific works and a downplay of the cognitive-epistemic nature of scientific works likely lead to failure in trust and consumption of scientific knowledge by the public in the healthcare crisis.
Spatial association network of economic resilience and its influencing factors: evidence from 31 Chinese provinces
Authors: Wang Huiping , Ge Qi
Published: June 2023

The spatial correlation pattern of economic resilience is an important proposition for China’s sustainable economic development. This paper measures the economic resilience of 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, and explores the spatial correlation of economic resilience from the overall, group and individual perspectives and its influencing factors. The results show that first, a tightly ordered hierarchy of economic resilience formed in each province of China after 2016. Among them, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shaanxi are the most important clustering points and radiation centers in the spatial correlation framework of economic resilience. Second, being adjacent to marginal and core provinces will maintain the province’s centrality index category to the greatest extent, while being adjacent to sub-core and general provinces leads the province to gain more opportunities for upward transfer. Third, the essence of the interprovincial economic resilience subordination linkage in China is manifested in the aggregation of city clusters or economic circles. The northern economic resilience linkage system with the Bohai Rim as the core contains more provinces but is less stable. Provinces located in the Yangtze River Delta region are the opposite. Fourth, the proximity of geographical location and the difference in human capital level drive the formation of spatial association networks, while the difference in external openness and the difference in physical capital inhibit the formation of networks.
The diachronic development of Debussy’s musical style: a corpus study with Discrete Fourier Transform
Authors: Laneve Sabrina , Schaerf Ludovica , Cecchetti Gabriele , Hentschel Johannes , Rohrmeier Martin
Published: June 2023

Claude Debussy’s personal style is typically characterised as a departure from earlier diatonic tonality, including a greater variety of pitch-class materials organised in fragmented yet coherent compositions. Exploiting the music-theoretical interpretability of Discrete Fourier Transforms over pitch-class distributions, we performed a corpus study over Debussy’s solo-piano works in order to investigate the diachronic development of such stylistic features across the composer’s lifespan. We propose quantitative heuristics for the prevalence of different pitch-class prototypes, the fragmentation of a piece across different prototypes, as well as some aspect of the overall coherence of a piece. We found strong evidence for a decrease of diatonicity in favour of octatonicity, as well as for an increase of fragmentation accompanied by non-decreasing coherence. These results contribute to the understanding of the historical development of extended-tonal harmony, while representing a fertile testing ground for the interaction of computational corpus-based methods with traditional music analytical approaches.
Study on neutronics modeling with 22.5° model using ANSYS for CFETR
Authors: Li Jie , Li Hang , Wu Muquan , Zhu Xiang , Yan Peiguang , Lin Xiaodong , Gao Xiang
Published: June 2023

The detailed China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) 22.5° computer aided design (CAD) model is very difficult to convert into Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP). Manually writing MCNP input data is complicated, which is not only time-consuming but also cannot guarantee accuracy. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of model transformation, modeling with CAD using CATIA is introduced, and MCNP files are converted by ANSYS. This is because ANSYS has a function that converts CAD “stp” format to MCNP input in the geometry section. Meanwhile, ANSYS can also reverse the converted MCNP input file to inspect which module has the problem. Compared with the software platform that can automatically cut, although the CATIA-to-ANSYS method is inferior in terms of automatic operation, it has advantages in accuracy and quickly dealing with error modules. Moreover, it can also perform parametric modeling in CATIA, which facilitates the optimization of the blanket structure. In this paper, the detailed CFETR 22.5° model was developed, and then parametric modeling of the blanket based on CATIA was performed. Finally, a detailed neutronics model is obtained by ANSYS transformation and inspection. Some representative models were initially validated by comparing volume changes before and after conversion. Then, the final neutronics model was used to calculate the nuclear analyses, including the neutron wall loading, fast neutron flux, and nuclear heating on the inboard side. The results show that the volume of the transformed model is basically consistent with the original model, and the error of results is small.
A new hybrid technique based on nonpolynomial splines and finite differences for solving the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Mahmood Bewar A. , Jwamer Karwan H. F. , Tahir Shko A.
Published: June 2023

The generalized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation arises frequently in engineering, physics, biology, chemistry, and applied mathematics, and because of its extensive applications, this important model has received much attention regarding obtaining numerical solutions. This article introduces a new hybrid technique based on nonpolynomial splines and finite differences for solving the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation approximately. Specifically, the truncation error is studied to examine the convergence order of the proposed scheme, some problems are given to show its viability and effectiveness, and the norm errors are determined to compare the current method with the analytic solution and some other methods from the literature.
Fully synthetic platform to rapidly generate tetravalent bispecific nanobody–based immunoglobulins
Authors: Misson Mindrebo Laetitia , Liu Hejun , Ozorowski Gabriel , Tran Quoc , Woehl Jordan , Khalek Irene , Smith Jessica M. , Barman Shawn , Zhao Fangzhu , Keating Celina , Limbo Oliver , Verma Megan , Liu Jingjia , Stanfield Robyn L. , Zhu Xueyong , Turner Hannah L. , Sok Devin , Huang Po-Ssu , Burton Dennis R. , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A. , Jardine Joseph G.
Published: June 2023

Nanobodies bind a target antigen with a kinetic profile similar to a conventional antibody, but exist as a single heavy chain domain that can be readily multimerized to engage antigen via multiple interactions. Presently, most nanobodies are produced by immunizing camelids; however, platforms for animal-free production are growing in popularity. Here, we describe the development of a fully synthetic nanobody library based on an engineered human V
H
3-23 variable gene and a multispecific antibody-like format designed for biparatopic target engagement. To validate our library, we selected nanobodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor–binding domain and employed an on-yeast epitope binning strategy to rapidly map the specificities of the selected nanobodies. We then generated antibody-like molecules by replacing the V
H
and V
L
domains of a conventional antibody with two different nanobodies, designed as a molecular clamp to engage the receptor-binding domain biparatopically. The resulting bispecific tetra-nanobody immunoglobulins neutralized diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants with potencies similar to antibodies isolated from convalescent donors. Subsequent biochemical analyses confirmed the accuracy of the on-yeast epitope binning and structures of both individual nanobodies, and a tetra-nanobody immunoglobulin revealed that the intended mode of interaction had been achieved. This overall workflow is applicable to nearly any protein target and provides a blueprint for a modular workflow for the development of multispecific molecules.
Evolution of norms for judging social behavior
Authors: Kessinger Taylor A. , Tarnita Corina E. , Plotkin Joshua B.
Published: June 2023

Reputations provide a powerful mechanism to sustain cooperation, as individuals cooperate with those of good social standing. But how should someone’s reputation be updated as we observe their social behavior, and when will a population converge on a shared norm for judging behavior? Here, we develop a mathematical model of cooperation conditioned on reputations, for a population that is stratified into groups. Each group may subscribe to a different social norm for assessing reputations and so norms compete as individuals choose to move from one group to another. We show that a group initially comprising a minority of the population may nonetheless overtake the entire population—especially if it adopts the
Stern Judging
norm, which assigns a bad reputation to individuals who cooperate with those of bad standing. When individuals do not change group membership, stratifying reputation information into groups tends to destabilize cooperation, unless individuals are strongly insular and favor in-group social interactions. We discuss the implications of our results for the structure of information flow in a population and for the evolution of social norms of judgment.
A spatiotemporal barrier formed by Follistatin is required for left–right patterning
Authors: Fu Xin-Xin , Zhuo Ding-Hao , Zhang Ying-Jie , Li Yun-Fei , Liu Xiang , Xing Yan-Yi , Huang Ying , Wang Yi-Fan , Cheng Tao , Wang Dan , Chen Si-Han , Chen Yi-Jian , Jiang Guan-Nan , Lu Fu-I , Feng Yu , Huang Xiao , Ma Jun , Liu Wei , Bai Ge , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: June 2023

How left–right (LR) asymmetry emerges in a patterning field along the anterior–posterior axis remains an unresolved problem in developmental biology. Left-biased Nodal emanating from the LR organizer propagates from posterior to anterior (PA) and establishes the LR pattern of the whole embryo. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of the PA spread of Nodal and its asymmetric activation in the forebrain. Here, we identify bilaterally expressed Follistatin (Fst) as a regulator blocking the propagation of the zebrafish Nodal ortholog Southpaw (Spaw) in the right lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), and restricting Spaw transmission in the left LPM to facilitate the establishment of a robust LR asymmetric Nodal patterning. In addition, Fst inhibits the Activin–Nodal signaling pathway in the forebrain thus preventing Nodal activation prior to the arrival, at a later time, of Spaw emanating from the left LPM. This contributes to the orderly propagation of asymmetric Nodal activation along the PA axis. The LR regulation function of Fst is further confirmed in chick and frog embryos. Overall, our results suggest that a robust LR patterning emerges by counteracting a Fst barrier formed along the PA axis.
Robust regulation of transcription pausing in
Escherichia coli
by the ubiquitous elongation factor NusG
Authors: Yakhnin Alexander V. , Bubunenko Mikhail , Mandell Zachary F. , Lubkowska Lucyna , Husher Sara , Babitzke Paul , Kashlev Mikhail
Published: June 2023

Transcription elongation by multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is regulated by auxiliary factors in all organisms. NusG/Spt5 is the only universally conserved transcription elongation factor shared by all domains of life. NusG is a component of antitermination complexes controlling ribosomal RNA operons, an essential antipausing factor, and a transcription-translation coupling factor in
Escherichia coli
. We employed RNET-seq for genome-wide mapping of RNAP pause sites in wild-type and NusG-depleted cells. We demonstrate that NusG is a major antipausing factor that suppresses thousands of backtracked and nonbacktracked pauses across the
E. coli
genome. The NusG-suppressed pauses were enriched immediately downstream from the translation start codon but were also abundant elsewhere in open reading frames, small RNA genes, and antisense transcription units. This finding revealed a strong similarity of NusG to Spt5, which stimulates the elongation rate of many eukaryotic genes. We propose a model in which promoting forward translocation and/or stabilization of RNAP in the posttranslocation register by NusG results in suppression of pausing in
E. coli
.
Pressure-induced nonmonotonic cross-over of steady relaxation dynamics in a metallic glass
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lou Hongbo , Ruta Beatrice , Chushkin Yuriy , Zontone Federico , Li Shubin , Xu Dazhe , Liang Tao , Zeng Zhidan , Mao Ho-kwang , Zeng Qiaoshi
Published: June 2023

Relaxation dynamics, as a key to understand glass formation and glassy properties, remains an elusive and challenging issue in condensed matter physics. In this work, in situ high-pressure synchrotron high-energy X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy has been developed to probe the atomic-scale relaxation dynamics of a cerium-based metallic glass during compression. Although the sample density continuously increases, the collective atomic motion initially slows down as generally expected and then counterintuitively accelerates with further compression (density increase), showing an unusual nonmonotonic pressure-induced steady relaxation dynamics cross-over at ~3 GPa. Furthermore, by combining in situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the relaxation dynamics anomaly is evidenced to closely correlate with the dramatic changes in local atomic structures during compression, rather than monotonically scaling with either sample density or overall stress level. These findings could provide insight into relaxation dynamics and their relationship with local atomic structures of glasses.
The
Drosophila
chemokine–like Orion bridges phosphatidylserine and Draper in phagocytosis of neurons
Authors: Ji Hui , Wang Bei , Shen Yifan , Labib David , Lei Joyce , Chen Xinchen , Sapar Maria , Boulanger Ana , Dura Jean-Maurice , Han Chun
Published: June 2023

Phagocytic clearance of degenerating neurons is triggered by “eat-me” signals exposed on the neuronal surface. The conserved neuronal eat-me signal phosphatidylserine (PS) and the engulfment receptor Draper (Drpr) mediate phagocytosis of degenerating neurons in
Drosophila
. However, how PS is recognized by Drpr-expressing phagocytes in vivo remains poorly understood. Using multiple models of dendrite degeneration, we show that the
Drosophila
chemokine–like protein Orion can bind to PS and is responsible for detecting PS exposure on neurons; it is supplied cell-non-autonomously to coat PS-exposing dendrites and to mediate interactions between PS and Drpr, thus enabling phagocytosis. As a result, the accumulation of Orion on neurons and on phagocytes produces opposite outcomes by potentiating and suppressing phagocytosis, respectively. Moreover, the Orion dosage is a key determinant of the sensitivity of phagocytes to PS exposed on neurons. Lastly, mutagenesis analyses show that the sequence motifs shared between Orion and human immunomodulatory proteins are important for Orion function. Thus, our results uncover a missing link in PS-mediated phagocytosis in
Drosophila
and imply conserved mechanisms of phagocytosis of neurons.
Who gets the blame and who gets the credit? Policing, assistance, and political trust among the Roma in Europe
Authors: Mitchell Jeffrey , La Parra-Casado Daniel
Published: June 2023

In many European countries the Roma are the largest minority group, and research often highlights their heightened exposure to discrimination, harassment, and even abuse during interactions with the state, and the majority group. In contrast, many governments have assistance programs targeted to the Roma in an effort to boost integration. However, there is strikingly little systematic quantitative research on how these experiences are related to the trust that the Roma place in political institutions. This study addresses this gap by using EU-MIDIS II data from 9 European countries to assess the relationship between political trust and the experiences the Roma have with the police and assistance programs. Our analyses show that different experiences relate to trust in institutions differently: interactions with the police, either by being stopped or assaulted are most strongly associated with lower trust in the police but also reduce trust across institutions. In contrast, local governments may have the most to gain from those who report having received assistance based on their minority membership, with other institutions receiving modest trust benefits. Finally, both overall personal experiences of discrimination and the perceived extent of discrimination in their country are associated with low levels of trust in the institutions.
Fermentation quality of ratoon rice fermented with fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria from tropicalgrass
Authors: Yanti Y , Hadi R F , Riyanto J , Pawestri W
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to determine the quality of fermented ratoon paddy silage as ruminant feed. The paddy material was obtained from rice fields in the Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia. Turiang padi (Oryza sativa) at the cutting age of 14 days, with the Inpari 32 variety. The addition of an accelerator of Lactic Acid Bacteria or FJLB (fermented juice of epiphityc lactic acid bacteria) from Elephant Grass Extract (Pennisetum purpureum) and Odot Grass (Pennisetum purpureum CV. Mott) were incubated for 2 days. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of no additives (T1), FJLB additives from elephant grass (T2) and odot grass (T3). FJLB was added as much as 1% of fresh weight. Silage fermentation was carried out for 21 days at room temperature. All data obtained were analyzed using the R Studio program. The Flieg point value showed the silage quality in the good and very good range. Butyric acid production is low and still within standard limits. The production of lactic acid was higher (P<0.05) in the silage of paddy ratoon which received additional silage additive from FJLB. It could be concluded that the addition of FJLB was able to improve the quality of the fermented ratoon rice.