bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Popliteal Artery Occlusion with Collateral Blood Flow in a Reducible Knee Dislocation During Pregnancy
Authors: Schneble Christopher A. , Kahan Joseph B. , Burroughs Patrick J. , Nasreddine Adam Y. , Sumpio Bauer E. , Medvecky Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 29-year-old healthy woman, 19 weeks pregnant, sustained a right posterolateral knee dislocation with multiligamentous injury and a complete occlusive injury to the right popliteal artery yet had adequate distal perfusion. She declined operative management for both the knee dislocation and the arterial injury, and successful collaboration between obstetrical, vascular, and orthopaedic surgical services resulted in limb preservation and restoration of function.

Conclusion:

This is a unique case of traumatic complete popliteal artery occlusion with adequate collateral arterial perfusion after a reducible posterolateral knee dislocation in a pregnant patient that resulted in limb preservation with nonoperative management.
Asynchronous Bilateral Achilles Tendon Rupture with Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators
Authors: Gould Heath P. , Hawken Jessica B. , Duvall Grant T. , Hammond Jason W.
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 36-year-old male competitive powerlifter sustained asynchronous bilateral Achilles tendon ruptures after using 2 types of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Both tendon ruptures occurred near the myotendinous junction and were treated with open surgical repair and an initial period of immobilization followed by progressive weightbearing and rehabilitation; no postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion:

Previous studies have reported that anabolic androgenic steroids have a deleterious impact on tendon structure and function. This case suggests that SARM compounds may also predispose users to Achilles tendon rupture.
Nonoperative Management of Subclavian Artery Thrombosis in Pediatric Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Lyons Madeline M , Holzmeister Adam M , Cappello Teresa
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 12-year-old patient presented after a fall onto her upper extremity. She was found to have a mildly displaced clavicle fracture with a subclavian artery thrombosis. Given the reconstitution of flow distal to the thrombosis, the patient was treated nonoperatively in consultation with vascular surgery with anticoagulation and a sling for immobilization.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of a thorough neurovascular examination even in a mildly displaced fracture. Nonoperatively managed thromboses may be treated successfully without orthopaedic fixation or vascular intervention, although the natural history of this injury is likely not fully understood.
Combination of Zeolite, Charcoal and Water Spinach as Integrated Filters to Reduce Ammonia Level in Aquaponic System
Authors: Tanaya Fista Yohana , Kisworo  , Prihatmo Guruh
Published: April 2021

Aquaponic is a combination of aquaculture and hydroponic plants in the recirculation system. The aquaponic system has a constraint in the form of ammonia which is produced by fish metabolism. In order to increase the productivity of fish and plants in aquaponics, an approach by integrating filters and biofilter could be used to reduce ammonia waste. The aim of this research was to study the use of zeolite, charcoal, and water spinach as components of integrated filters to reduce ammonia concentration in an aquaponic system. This research was conducted for four weeks with three repetitions of water sampling sourced from pond, filters, and output. The results of this study indicated that the use of combination of zeolite, charcoal and water spinach as componentof integrated filters can reduce ammonia throughout the research period.
AN ASSESSMENTOF PHTHALATES IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS BY DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION METHOD USING HPLCAND LC-MS/MS
Authors:   Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), VishVigyanBhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Singh Abhishek , Singh Minu ,   Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India., Srivastava Anshuman ,   Department of Chemistry, BabuBanarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Sharma Yogesh ,   Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India., Prabha Pandey Chandra ,   Department of Chemistry, BabuBanarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: April 2021

A Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) based analytical method was developed and validated using HPLC-PDA and LC-MS/MS for quantitative determination of phthalates (Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (BzBP), Dibutylphthalate(DBP), Diethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) in different cosmetic products (After Shave Lotion, Deodorants, Perfume and Liquid Body Lotion). The DLLME based developed and validated analytical method was found specific, sensitive, accurate and precise. The accuracy (% recovery) of the method at a spiking level of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 in the different cosmetic product was found in the range of 92-108. The interday and intraday precision (%RSD) of the method was found less than 15. Out of six analyzed phthalates, only four phthalates were detected in different cosmetic products. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were detected in aftershave lotion. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected in deodorants. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Diethyl phthalate (DEP) were detected in perfumes. None of the phthalates were detected in liquid body lotion.
STUDY OF THE CHANGE IN THE ENERGY GAP OF SOME SEMICONDUCTING OXIDES AND THEIR MIXTURES PREPARED BY THE CHEMICAL BATH METHOD
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science ,University of Mosul., Maysam M.A. , Mohammad Sh. Ahmed ,   Department of Physics, College of Science ,University of Mosul., Uonis M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science ,University of Mosul., a Abdulkhaleq ,   Department of Physics, College of Science ,University of Mosul., Sulaimam A. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science ,University of Mosul.
Published: April 2021

Chemical bath deposition technique was used to deposit nickle oxide , Copper oxide and their mixture. The optical gap properties of both compounds and mixture were measured , the transmittance, absorbance, reflectance, extinction and refractive index have been calculated with in the wavelength range (320-900 nm).
INDIAS TRADE RELATIONS WITH SAARC - SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAFTA
Authors: K.P. Pushia , Jacob Jain , G Jayesh
Published: April 2021

India played a proactive role in determining the of South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) due to its economic strength. This study highlights recent trends in Indias total trade relationship with SAFTA economies in general, and with each trade bloc members particularly during the period, from 2010 to 2019.The paper employs the compound annual growth ratetechnique to find out the growth rate of Indias exports and imports. Also, a trend analysis has been made on Indias exports and imports, total tradebalance of trade with south Asian countries. The trend shows that in general both imports and exports were increasing over time except a negative export and total trade balance with Pakistan and import trade balance with Maldives. Bhutan and Bangladesh were the leading trade partners of India in south asian region. However, depending up on the economic and political conditions of the trading countries exhibit a characteristic trend unique to their own country in trading with India.
ILEOSIGMOID NODE DURING PREGNANCY: RARE SURGICAL ENTITY
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco., Yassine Bouhtouri , Abdelhamid Benlghazi ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco., Hamza Messaoudi ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco., Mahdaouy Youssef El ,   Service of visceral surgery II, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco., Jaouad Kouach ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: April 2021

The ileo-sigmoid knot is a rare surgical entity, corresponding to the wrapping of the ileum around the base of the sigmoid colon forming a knot.An associated condition with a rapid progression to intestinal gangrene and high mortality. It is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and especially during pregnancy. We report here the case of a patient at 13 weeks of amenorrhea with an ileo-sigmoid knot diagnosed at a late stage with fetal loss.
Sick on the Frontlines:A Cross Sectional Study on COVID-19 Infection, Symptom Severity Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in Urban Academic Hospital Settings (Preprint)
Authors: Frisch Stacey , Jones Sarah , Willis James , Sinert Richard
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19, an illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, affected many aspects of healthcare worldwide in 2020. From March to May of 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced a large surge of cases.

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to characterize the amount of illness experienced by residents and fellows in 2 NYC hospitals during this time period.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional observational study. An IRB-exempt survey was distributed to emergency medicine housestaff in May 2020 and submissions were accepted through August 2020.

RESULTS

64 residents and fellows responded to our survey (a 62% response rate). 42% of responders tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most residents experienced symptoms that could be consistent with COVID-19 however few received PCR testing. Fevers and/or chills along with loss of smell and/or taste were the most specific symptoms for COVID-19, with p-values <0.05. All 13 housestaff who reported no symptoms during the study period tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated that the rate of COVID-19 illness among emergency department housestaff is much higher than previously reported. Further studies are needed to characterize illness among medical staff in emergency departments across the nation. The high infection rate among emergency medicine trainees stresses the importance of supplying adequate PPE for healthcare professionals.
Inflation and Exchange Rates: An International Examination of Relative Purchasing Power Parity
Authors: Monadjemi Mehdi , Lodewijks John
Published: April 2021

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an old and controversial proposition in economic literature. It is based on the law of one price, which argues that, after adjusting for the exchange rate, domestic and foreign price levels are equal. The relative version of PPP argues that exchange rate changes depend on the differential between domestic and foreign inflation rates. The absolute PPP version is based on restrictive assumptions that prevent it to hold in the short run. However, several studies support the validity of the relative PPP proposition in the long run. It is often observed that countries with persistently high inflation experience weak currencies. Our empirical testing using impulse response functions derived from a VAR model for eight countries provide mixed results. In six out of eight selected countries, relative PPP is supported by data in the long run.
KETERBUKAAN EKONOMI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI LIMA NEGARA ASEAN PERIODE 1996-2017
Authors: Oktavia Nabila Eka Marza , Soelistyo Aris
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of foreign debt, exports, and inflation on economic growth in the five ASEAN countries in the period 1996-2017. The tool used in this study is multiple linear regression using panel data by testing hypotheses, namely test f, t test, coefficient of determination . The results of this study show together foreign debt, exports, and inflation against economic growth in five ASEAN countries, with a probability value of 0.0000. While individually foreign debt has a negative and significant effect on economic growth with a regression coefficient of -2.599232 and a probability value of 0.0035, exports have a positive and significant effect on economic growth with a regression coefficient of 1.801832 and a probability value of 0.0573, and inflation has a negative and significant effect on economic growth with a regression coefficient of -0.245798 and a probability value of 0.0000.
PENDAPATAN DAN EFESIENSI HOME INDUSTRI TAHU DI DESA KUNIR KIDUL KABUPATEN LUMAJANG
Authors: Putra Rozi Arisyika , Arifin Zainal , Suliswanto Muhammad Sri Wahyudi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the Income and Efficiency of Tofu Home Industry in Kunir Kidul Village, Lumajang Regency. This research is descriptive with a Case Study approach. The results of the study of Revenue Analysis and Efficiency of Tofu Industry Home in Kunir Kidul Village regarding the average income in one month was Rp. 10,920,000 / month with production costs incurred in the amount of Rp. 4,885,573 and make a profit of Rp. 6,034,427. In the calculation of business efficiency or R / C the value is 2.24. The Tofu Industry in Kunir Kidul Village can be said to be efficient and menguntungkn and feasible to run.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI HUTAN BAMBU KABUPATEN LUMAJANG
Authors: Rahayu Maulida Lujeng Sri , Riyanto Wahyu Hidayat , Syaifullah Yunan
Published: April 2021

This research aims to study the Strategy for Developing Bamboo Forest Ecotourism in Lumajang Regency. This type of research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The source of the data used in this study is primary data. Primary data is the main research data obtained by researchers at the time researchers in the field. Primary data in this study consisted of interviews. This research was conducted in the Bamboo Forest tourism area in Lumajang Regency. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats). The results showed that the Bamboo Forest Ecotourism in Lumajang District produced several strategies for developing the Bamboo Forest Ecotourism that included improving management systems to encourage community empowerment, collaborate with parties or travel agents, increase potential, improve infrastructure, and carry out promotions. Bamboo Forest has adequate facilities to carry out various activities. Ecotourism management is expected to add supporting infrastructure of Bamboo Forest ecotourism and maintain the ecotourism sustainability.
ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT PRODUKSI SELADA AIR (STUDI DESA WRINGIN ANOM KECAMATAN PONCOKUSUMO KABUPATEN MALANG)
Authors: Amalia Rifatin , Zuhroh Idah , Hadi Syamsul
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of land area, labor, production facilities costs on the results of watercress production in Poncokumo District, Malang Regency in one season. The data used is primary data, which obtained through direct field interviews with 35 watercress farmers. The method in this study is quantitative. The result shows that the land area and the cost of production facilitie have a positive and significant effect on the production of watercress. While labor has a significant negative effect on the production of watercress.
PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN TEMBAKAU PADA PT INDONESIAN TOBACCO TBK. KOTA MALANG
Authors: Rahman Irma , Hidayat Wahyu , Wahyudi M. Sri
Published: April 2021

Small and medium industries are industries that have the greatest potential anywhere, one of which is the tobacco processing industry in Malang. This industry has many positive impacts on society. This is because it can provide a large influence on the region, such as building job availability and can improve the local economy of the community itself. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of productivity of the tobacco processing industry workforce at PT Indonesian Tobacco Tbk. Malang City, analyzed the level of education, wages, and age of labor productivity of the tobacco processing industry at PT Indonesian Tobacco Tbk. Malang city. This study uses primary data with questionnaire data collection methods. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression with cross-section data models. The results showed that the coefficient of determination obtained by 0.982, which means that 98.2 percent of changes in labor productivity is influenced by variables of education level, wages, and age, while 1.8 percent is caused by other factors not included in the regression equation.
A narrative review of herbal preparations against RNA viruses
Authors: Jasemi Eghbal , Momtaz Saeideh , Ghaffarzadegan Reza , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Abdollahi Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Background: Throughout history, the plant kingdom has been a source of medicine in almost all cultures. Nowadays, ensuring the safety, quality, and effectiveness of medicinal herbs and their products has become an essential issue in industrialized and developing countries. Phytochemicals are usually involved in pharmacological actions and are used worldwide for various purposes, including the treatment of infectious diseases.

Objectives: Although several therapeutics were designed to control infectious diseases, viral infections are still fatal. Currently, evidence extracted from in vivo, in vitro, and silico studies support the antiviral activity of many herbs scientifically; however, the therapeutic potential of many other herbs is still unknown. Plants and their products may potentially control the propagation of viruses in a variety of conditions.

Methods: Data were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct from 1983-2020. We gathered a list of plant extracts, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations that can inhibit RNA viral infections, mainly those are originated from the coronaviruses family. We also provided an overview of their inhibitory mechanism of actions.

Results: Plant families, including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Myrtaceae, contain the highest number of species with anti-coronaviruses activities, respectively.

Conclusion: It can be suggested that the combination of these antiviral ingredients with each other, any synthetic compound, or already approved drugs or inhibitors can be a novel approach for antiviral therapies.
Research on the differences of students’ learning styles and knowledge integration in SPOC learning: a case study of course “Basic Portuguese”
Authors: Hu Jing , Do Carmo Vieira Silva Maria
Published: April 2021

Problem and goal. With the advent of the information age, Internet-based online learning has also become one of the learning methods chosen by many learners. They can use these online learning platforms to complete knowledge construction while learning offline. Methodology. Most studies of learning behaviors focus on the discovery of the best learning model and disregard the possible impact of different learning behaviors on knowledge construction. Therefore, based on the Felder - Silverman learning style model, this article uses the Solomon learning style scale to improve the design of the questionnaire and collect four-dimensional differential learning behaviors data. In order to further understand the influence of learning styles on the effectiveness of online learning, we also use online learning data on the Small Private Online Course platform and general cognitive intelligence knowledge integration theory to clarify the relation between learning modes and individuals differences. Results. This study observes and analyzes the learning behavior data of 46 students of Nankai University in the SPOC learning platform, also analyzes the differences in learning styles and knowledge construction of students in the SPOC environment. Compared with the traditional Basic Portuguese teaching method, the blended teaching model based on the Chaoxing Learning platform has unparalleled advantages. Interactions inside and outside the classroom, improving student participation and promoting teaching diagnosis. Conclusion. Through a comprehensive analysis of questionnaire data and online data, we found that some learning styles have different effects on the effectiveness of online learning, ignoring the individual differences of learners will still cause problems in knowledge construction.
Methodology and features of assessing the economic effect of implementing digital educational environment models in secondary vocational and higher education systems
Authors: Fedotov Alexander V. , Polushkina Elena A.
Published: April 2021

Problem and goal. The active introduction of e-learning and distance learning technologies in the educational process, the reform of traditional models of learning and education have become priority areas of reforms and initiatives in various national education systems in the 21st century. Given that public spending is the main source of funding for education in the OECD countries, assessing the economic impact of implementing a digital educational environment at different levels of education under pressure on public budgets has become a key issue for national governments and educational organizations, as well as the subject of special research. In Russian practice assessment of the economic effect of the full-scale use of e-learning and distance learning technologies in the implementation of educational programs of secondary professional (training of middle-level specialists) and higher education have not yet been carried out. For these purposes, a methodology has been developed, which, however, needs to be tested. Results. The study identified a list of costs required to ensure the full use of e-learning and distance educational technologies in realization of educational programs of secondary vocational (training of mid-level professionals) and higher (including graduate school) education; the methodlogy for assessing the economic effect of these measures is justified, and calculations are made based on this methodology. Conclusion. The developed methodology has shown its effectiveness and needs further research and quantitative analysis.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tarif Pajak Efektif Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI
Authors: Nugroho Vidyarto
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran perusahaan,profitabilitas, leverage, dan intensitas modal terhadap tarif pajak efektif (effective taxrate) pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2014-2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 67 perusahaan yang terpilih sebagai sampel penelitian. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) versi 21. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tarif pajak efektif, sedangkan intensitas modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tarif pajak efektif. Secara simultan, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan intensitas modal mempunyai pengaruh terhadap tarif pajak efektif.
Pengaruh Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage Terhadap Kualitas Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur
Authors: Nugroho Vidyarto , Radyasa Yoga
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap kualitas laba. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 41 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder dengan tahun pengamatan yaitu 2015-2017. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan yang diambil dari www.idx.com. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji statistik deskriptif,uji pemilihan model data panel, uji f, uji t serta uji koefisien determinasi. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Eviews versi 10.0 dengan panel data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan tidak mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba, sedangkan leverage mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba.
Kesiapan Pemerintah Kota Langsa Dalam Mendukung Rencana Pengembangan Smart City
Authors: Samsuar Samsuar , Mediyanti Siska
Published: April 2021

Pemerintah kota Langsa, Provinsi Aceh berkomitmen untuk menerapkan smart Government sebagai bagian dari konsep Smart City. Pentingnya layanan Smart government dengan sistem open data bertujuan untuk mendorong pelayanan publik yang terintegrasi dan transparan. Penerapan sistem Smart Government, khususnya di Kota Langsa masih terdapat kekurangan terutama pada bidang sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana penunjang. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat kesiapan Pemerintah Kota Langsa dalam menyusun konsep Smart Governance yang sesuai dengan visi misi dan RPJPN (Rencana Pembangunan jangka Panjang Nasional). Dalam perencanaan ini menggunakan gabungan framework TOGAF ( The Open Group Architecture Framework ) COBIT 5 capability model. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada fase implementation Governance pada TOGAF dan area Governance pada COBIT 5. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah rekomendasi kesiapan Pemerintah Kota Langsa dalam menerapkan Smart Government.
KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF KABUPATEN SIMEULUE BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN SHIFT SHARE MODIFIKASI ESTABAN-MARQUILLAS
Authors: Safwadi Irwan
Published: April 2021

Keunggulan kompetitif suatu daerah perlu diidentifikasi sebagai upaya mengarahkan kebijakan sektoral untuk mendorong percepatan pembangunan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keunggulan kompetitif sektor-sektor atau kategori ekonomi di Kabupaten Simeulue. Data sekunder adalah data utama yang digunakan untuk menganalisis keunggulan kompetitif Kabupaten Simeulue berupa PDRB Kabupaten Simeulue dan Provinsi Aceh kurun waktu 2011-2015. Shift Share modifikasi Estaban-Marquillassebagaialat analisis utama untuk menjelaskan keunggulan kompetitif tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis Shift Share modifikasi Estaban-Marquillasmengungkapkan bahwa peningkatan PDRB di Kabupaten Simeulue dominan dipengaruhi kebijakan pertumbuhan ekonomi agregat di Aceh, disamping juga dampak pertumbuhan bauran industri dan keunggulan kompetitif (competitive advantage). Adapun dampak spesialisasi perekonomian kurang mendorong pertumbuhan agregat PDRB Simeulue. Shift SharemodifikasiEstaban-Marquillasmenunjukkan bahwa sektor atau kategori pengadaan Listrik dan Gas, kategori Administrasi Pemerintahan, Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib dan kategori Jasa Pendidikanyang memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan spesialisasi di Kabupaten Simeulue.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS DANA DESA
Authors: Seftarita Chenny , Fakhruddin Fakhruddin , Bappeda Litbang
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas dana desa. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data cross section (data satu waktu) tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder dengan metode pengambilan sampelnya dengan area sampling dan stratified random sampling. Peralatan analisis yang digunakan adalah ordinary least square. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, pertama persepsi aparat gampong menunjukkan badan usaha milik desa dan manfaat ekonomi lainnya, manfaat dana desa, sisa lebih perhitungan anggaran dan strategi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas dana desa sedangkan tata kelola tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap efektivitas dana desa. Kedua, persepsi masyarakat menunjukkan badan usaha milik desa dan manfaat ekonomi lainnya, manfaat dana desa, sisa lebih perhitungan anggaran dan strategi tidak berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas dana desa sedangkan tata kelola memiliki pengaruh dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas dana desa.AbstractThis study aims to determine the factors that influence the effectiveness of village funds. The data in this study are cross section data (one time data) in 2017. This study uses primary and secondary data with the sampling method with the sampling area and stratified random sampling. The analytical tool used is ordinary least square. Based on the results of the research conducted, the first perception of village officials showed village-owned enterprises and other economic benefits, benefits of village funds, the remaining more budget and strategy calculations had a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of village funds while governance had no influence on the effectiveness of village funds. Second, community perceptions show village-owned enterprises and other economic benefits, benefits of village funds, the remaining more budget calculations and strategies have no effect on the effectiveness of village funds while governance has an influence and significance on the effectiveness of village funds. Keywords: capital adequacy ratio, net interest margin, profitabilityKey words: capital adequacy ratio, net interest margin, profitability.
Anthropogenic disturbance increases disease emergence risk through predictable changes in parasite community structure
Authors: Dharmarajan Guha , Gupta Pooja , Vishnudas C. , Robin VV
Published: April 2021

Niche theory predicts specialists will be more sensitive to
environmental perturbation compared to generalists, a hypothesis
receiving broad support in free-living species. Based on their niche
breadth, parasites can also be classified as specialists and
generalists, with specialists infecting only a few and generalists a
diverse array of host species. Here, using avian haemosporidian
parasites infecting wild bird populations inhabiting the Western Ghats,
India as a model system, we elucidate how climate, habitat and human
disturbance affects parasite prevalence both directly and indirectly via
their effects on host diversity. Our data demonstrates that
anthropogenic disturbance acts to reduce the prevalence of specialist
parasite lineages, while increasing that of generalist lineages. Thus,
as in free-living species, disturbance favors parasite communities
dominated by generalist vs. specialist species. Because generalist
parasites are more likely to cause emerging infectious diseases, such
biotic homogenization of parasite communities could increase disease
emergence risk in the Anthropocene
Switching of oral anticoagulants and associated clinical outcomes in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A narrative review
Authors: Kefale Adane , Peterson Gregory , Bezabhe Woldesellassie , Bereznicki Luke
Published: April 2021

Approval of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for stroke
prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) was an important milestone,
providing widened treatment choices along with the possibility for
inter-drug switching after initiation. In addition to improved
utilisation of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke prevention, reports
of switching among OACs are growing in the literature. Switching may
influence clinical outcomes, healthcare costs and patient satisfaction.
This review aimed to summarise the current literature on the pattern of
OAC switching in patients with AF, including reasons for switching and
clinical consequences following switching. We included articles
published after 2013, following the introduction of apixaban; searched
on June 27, 2020 from PubMed, Scopus and Embase. The review found that
switching among OACs was common in clinical practice, significantly
varying with the type of OAC. Studies reporting the reason for switching
and clinical outcomes were comparatively limited. The reasons were often
related to safety issues, poor anticoagulation control and ease of use.
Factors that can increase the risk of bleeding and stroke were found to
be associated with switching from vitamin K antagonists, but less for
DOAC switching. Findings regarding bleeding outcomes following switching
were inconsistent, possibly confounded with the type of OAC, reasons for
switching and switching protocol. Despite the limited number of studies
included and their relatively short follow-up periods, our review
revealed that switching had minimal impact on stroke and other related
thrombotic outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to better
understand possible reasons for switching and its influence on clinical
outcomes.
Non-Absorbable Oral Gentamicin Sulphate: Biopharmaceutical and Dosage Form Evaluation
Authors: Nwakile Dozie C. , Dozie-Nwakile O.C. , Okoye E.I. , Umeyor C.E. , Uronnachi E.C. , Uchendu I.K. , Attama A.A. , Okore V.C.
Published: April 2021

Gentamicin sulphate is an antibiotic belonging to the aminoglycosides and to class III of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). Gentamicin sulphate is highly water soluble, but has very low intestinal permeability. The wide use is because of its broad spectrum of activity. In the current study, the suitability of administering gentamicin sulphate orally for local action against susceptible gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria was investigated. The possibility of the drug escaping into the systemic circulation even in the presence of some permeation enhancers was ascertained. Representatives of potential GIT bacteria pathogens were evaluated for their susceptibility to the drug at concentrations obtainable in the GIT using standard microbiological methods. Dose levels that will inhibit these potential bacteria pathogens were also established, as well as the frequency of their administration. Different batches of oral capsules of 250 mg gentamicin sulphate were formulated and their release profiles ascertained using standard methods. The results showed that the selected representatives of the GIT potential pathogenic bacteria were all susceptible to gentamicin sulphate. The drug at its plausible dosage levels of 14.28 mg/kg (1,000 mg/70 kg), 10.71 mg/kg (750 mg/70 kg) and 7.14 mg/kg (500 mg/70 kg) did not cross the mucosal barrier into the systemic circulation even in the presence of some permeation enhancers. The drug's frequency of administration were found to be on 8-hourly bases. Gentamicin sulphate (250 mg) granules formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) as granulating aid were quick drying because the granules were not hygroscopic. The formulated gentamicin sulphate capsule batch released enough concentration of the drug that inhibits the test organism within 2 min of dissolution. The above stated doses are acceptable in the dosage form design; it is possible to formulate non-absorbable oral gentamicin sulphate dosage form for local activity in the GIT using existing conventional solid dosage formulating equipment.
“Like Ireland, Hungary Had Her Struggles for Freedom:” Cultural and Diplomatic Links between Interwar Ireland and Hungary
Authors: Zách Lili
Published: April 2021

The interwar years in Ireland were marked by the widening of international relations following the newly independent Irish Free State’s entry to the League of Nations in 1923. This paper aims to provide insights into a lesser-known part of Irish diplomatic history, focusing on how, besides Geneva, Dublin also became significant as a meeting point with Central European small states from the mid-1920s. It will trace how the foundation of the Honorary Consulate of Hungary in Dublin demonstrated Irish interest in widening economic relations and furthering cultural connections with Central Europe, even if honorary consulates traditionally fulfilled primarily symbolic purposes. Based on so far unpublished archival materials and press records, this article will assess cultural and diplomatic links cultivated under the consulate of Hubert Briscoe, highlighting the significance of independence and Catholicism as a perceived connection between Irish and Hungarian national identities. Ultimately, this article argues that Irish images of East-Central Europe may add to our current understanding of Irish nationalism in the first decades of Irish independence.
Ireland and the Balkans Conflict in Edna O’Brien’s The Little Red Chairs
Authors: Szűcs Orsolya
Published: April 2021

History has always been a major critical exploration point in Edna O’Brien’s works. Notable for its realistic Irish specificity, her fiction interrogates problems of history, memory, and society with an audacious awareness. In her 2015 novel, The Little Red Chairs, O’Brien goes beyond the familiar Irish cultural context and creates a propitious alternative life-story for Radovan Karadžić, a Serbian war criminal from the Balkans conflict of the 1990s. Attending closely to the novel’s factual-fictional narrative strategies and its visceral language, this essay explores how O’Brien combines stereotypical elements from the Irish contemporary reality with Eastern European sagas as well as history to then create a compelling humanitarian plotline. The novel has a particular rendering of natural elements that act as a mnemonic witness device. The essay also looks at how the landscape functions as a reflective tool, often acting as a separate “character” of the narrative.
The Application of Full Spectrum Analysis to NaI(Tl) Gamma Spectrometry for the Determination of Burial Dose Rates
Authors: Bu Minqiang , Murray Andrew S. , Kook Myungho , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Thomsen Kristina J.
Published: April 2021

In this study, we explored the potential of a NaI(Tl) scintillator-based gamma spectrometer for the accurate determination of burial dose rates in natural geological samples using a full spectrum analysis (FSA) approach. In this method, an iterative reweighted least-square regression is used to fit calibration standard spectra (40K, and 238U and 232Th series in equilibrium) to the sample spectrum, after subtraction of an appropriate background. The resulting minimum detection limits for 40K, 238U, and 232Th are 4.8, 0.4 and 0.3 Bq·kg−1, respectively (for a 0.23 kg sample); this is one order of magnitude lower than those obtained with the three-window approach previously reported by us, and well below the concentrations found in most natural sediments. These improved values are also comparable to those from high-resolution HPGe gamma spectrometry. Almost all activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th from 20 measured natural samples differ by ≤5% from the high resolution spectrometry values; the average ratio of dose rates derived from our NaI(Tl) spectrometer to those from HPGe spectrometry is 0.993 ± 0.004 (n=20). We conclude that our scintillation spectrometry system employing FSA is a useful alternative laboratory method for accurate and precise determination of burial dose rates at a significantly lower cost than high resolution gamma spectrometry.
The Communication and Passing Contributions of Playing Positions in a Professional Soccer Team
Authors: McLean Scott , Salmon Paul , Gorman Adam , Dodd Karl , Solomon Colin
Published: April 2021

Determining the connectivity of team members in sport provides important information on team functioning. In soccer, teams that are highly connected via passing have been shown to be more successful compared to teams less connected via passing. In addition to passing connectivity, players are connected with each other via intra-team communication (ITC) through verbal instruction, and nonverbal cues. Despite ITC being a known component of effective teamwork to enhance strategy, efficiency, motivation and concentration, ITC of individual playing positions has not previously been measured during soccer games, nor has it been associated with passing connections in a performance context. In this study, the received ITC that was perceived to be beneficial to performance during 22 competitive professional soccer matches was measured, in conjunction with the passing connections between team members. In total, 526 ITC ratings were collected and analysed, and a total of 7,693 passes were analysed. From the ITC and passing measures, a player connectivity index (PCI) representing the coupling of ITC and passing, was developed to determine the overall connectivity of the individual playing positions. Social network analysis (SNA) centrality metrics were used to determine the connectivity of the playing positions. There were significant (p < .05) main effects between playing positions for beneficial ITC, passing, and the PCI for centrality metrics, indicating that different playing positions interact with other team members differently. Pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences between individual playing positions for ITC, passing and the PCI. The two central defenders and the two central defensive midfielders had the highest mean values for ITC, passing, and the PCI compared to the other playing positions. The current findings suggest that central defenders and central defensive midfielders are positioned tactically to be highly involved in the build-up of passing moves, and to deliver beneficial task related information to team members. These findings have implications for performance analysis, coaches, and for talent identification.
Physiology of Basketball – Field Tests. Review Article
Authors: Gottlieb Roni , Shalom Asaf , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio
Published: April 2021

The game of basketball is characterized by short and intense bouts of activity at medium to high frequency. Basketball entails specific types of movements, physiological requirements and energy sources. The duration of physiological responses involving ATP, CP and glycolysis responses to this type of activity is 5-6 seconds for a single sprint, and a contribution of the aerobic system is of less than 10%. Recovery periods in basketball, as a rule, are not long enough to fill the gap for such high intensity activities. It is hard to achieve the same level of performance consistently over time in repeated sprints. This means that basketball players need great athletic ability in order to demonstrate speed, strength and power required to produce a successful performance most proficiently. Therefore, tests are needed to help coaches to monitor their players and ensure that they have the physiological capacity required for the game. The aim of fitness tests is to assess the condition of athletes in terms of each fitness component, in order to determine what needs to be improved through the training program and to conduct retests at set times to assess whether their condition has changed. The literature offers a number of widely used tests to measure aerobic and anaerobic fitness. This article reviews the physiological demands of basketball and analyzes the field tests commonly used at present. The article emphasizes the need for a specific test that will serve coaches and physical fitness trainers in monitoring their players.
Characteristics of Functional Stability in Young Adolescent Female Artistic Gymnasts
Authors: Opala-Berdzik Agnieszka , Głowacka Magdalena , Słomka Kajetan
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether young adolescent female artistic gymnasts demonstrate better functional stability than age- and sex-matched non-athletes. Different characteristics of the gymnasts’ postural control were expected to be observed. Twenty-two 10- to 13-year-old healthy females (ten national-level artistic gymnasts and twelve non-athletes) participated in the study. To assess their forward functional stability, the 30-s limit of stability test was performed on a force plate. The test consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transition to maximal forward leaning, and standing in the maximal forward leaning position. Between-group comparisons of the directional subcomponents of the root mean squares and mean velocities of the center of pressure and rambling-trembling displacements in two phases (quiet standing and standing in maximal leaning) were conducted. Moreover, anterior stability limits were compared. During standing in maximal forward leaning, there were no differences in the center of pressure and rambling measures between gymnasts and non-athletes (p > 0.05). The values of trembling measures in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were significantly lower in gymnasts (p < 0.05). Both groups presented similar values for anterior stability limits (p > 0.05). The comparisons of rambling components may suggest a similar supraspinal control of standing in the maximal leaning position between gymnasts and healthy non-athletes. However, decreased trembling in gymnasts may indicate reduced noise in their postural control system possibly due to superior control processes at the spinal level. The anterior stability limit was not influenced by gymnastics training in female adolescents.
The Role of Biomarkers in the Assessment of Fragility Syndrome in the Elderly
Authors: Popa Ana , Negară Anatolie , Șoric Gabriela , Sîrbu Ion , Popescu Ana
Published: April 2021

Fragility is an important concept in geriatric medicine, and the study of its etiology has become a fundamental aspiration of many researchers in the field of aging(1) Fried’s model of defining fragile individuals has been praised for reproducibility and clinical consistency and has been validated despite negative results from large population studies. This index based on physical parameters evaluates only one aspect of frailty, while frailty is probably a complex, multidimensional concept(2). Therefore, new strategies for identifying and assessing frailty in the elderly are needed. The use of biomarkers as new methods for diagnosing frailty could ensure greater accuracy in the detection of fragile subjects in the early stages(3).

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the role of biomarkers in identifying people at high risk of frailty. The results of studies on biomarkers used to assess fragility were evaluated from the PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Conclusion. It is considered that biomarkers may be useful for the management of fragile patients only in combination with several biomarkers or with a clinical marker.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors from Another Point of View
Authors: Oltean Péter Balázs , Kovács István , Hodas Roxana , Benedek Theodora
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death in western societies. This contributes to the appearance of new diagnostic and treatment methods addressed to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. In the last decades new imaging methods have emerged; furthermore, routine biomarkers were found to be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. Data reviewed in this article emphasize the multifactorial etiology of cardiovascular disease. The authors describe the role of inflammation in the precipitation and progression of atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Affordable and well-known inflammatory markers can be used alone or in combination with new imaging methods for a better cardiovascular risk stratification. Coronary computed tomographic angiography findings and inflammatory markers are capable to identify patients with high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events or atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, they also have an important role in the choice of treatment strategy and follow-up.