bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Failure of History: Kushner's Homebody/Kabul and the Apocalyptic Context
Authors: Thomas M. Scott
Published: May 2013

Tony Kushner insists that he altered none of the dialogue in Homebody/Kabul (which premiered in December 2001 at New York Theatre Workshop) to accommodate the events of September 11, 2001. It is, apparently, pure serendipity that the play takes place in Afghanistan and explores some of the more horrific aspects of life under the Taliban regime. In denying any particular prescience concerning the September tragedy, Kushner asserts only that "the broad outline of serious trouble ahead was so abundant and easy of access that even a playwright could avail himself of it" Certainly, when the woman known only as the Homebody refers to "the knowing what was known before the more that has since become known" it is a painful irony, and when Mahala, an embittered and desperate Afghan woman, angrily denounces the American policy of toleration toward the Afghan regime, it is chillingly prophetic. "You love the Taliban so much," she says to Priscilla Ceiling, whom she mistakenly believes to be American, "bring them to New York! Well, don't worry, they 're coming to New York! Americans!".
A Politics of the Body: José Antonio Primo de Rivera’s Fascism and Federico Garcı´a Lorca’s Benjaminian Response
Authors: Nolan Lisa
Published: May 2013

Before I enter into the body of my argument, it is necessary to say a few words about my intention to read José Antonio Primo de Rivera alongside Walter Benjamin and then, through this first juxtaposition, to understand Garcı´a Lorca’s theatre as a response to José Antonio’s fascism.
Irma the Deuce: Genet’s The Balcony and Some Problems of Bisexuality
Authors: Walker James
Published: May 2013

Rereading Jean Genet’s The Balcony in preparation for writing this paper, I was reminded of an experience I had in Istanbul, Turkey, where I lived in 1989. While there, I worked for an English-language newspaper, and one of my assignments was to write a feature story about the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. I interviewed the patriarch (Demetrios I, who died in 1991) in his audience chamber, a large and shabby room in the patriarchal compound, in a seedy neighbourhood on the southern bank of the Golden Horn, which then smelled, on most days, of untreated sewage. The patriarchate is one of the last remnants of Greek culture in Turkey: the patriarchate’s ability to remain in Istanbul is underwritten by international convention, but its presence in Turkey, since the Turkish War of Independence in the 1920s and the eradication of Greek culture (and Greeks!) in Anatolia, has barely been tolerated by successive Turkish governments.
The Money Shot: Economies of Sex, Guns, and Language in Topdog/Underdog
Authors: Tuker-Abramson Myka
Published: May 2013

In “An Equation for Black People Onstage,” playwright Suzan-Lori Parks lays out the difficulty of writing plays about black people without falling into an essentializing “Black Aesthetic.” Theatre, she argues, is useful for black people because it “can ‘tell it like it is’; ‘tell it as it was’; ‘tell it as it could be’” (21); and, indeed, Parks's plays are continually exploring the limits and intersections of all three. “[T]he writing is rich,” she continues, “because we are not an impoverished people, but a wealthy people fallen on hard times” (21). When we consider this metaphor in light of Parks's well-known dramaturgical focus on black male characters, it becomes a highly charged one. In Topdog/Underdog, for example, Lincoln, a previously married and relatively prosperous hustler, has been left by his wife and is now working in a mall, dressing up as the historical Lincoln; his brother, Booth, has likewise been abandoned by his girlfriend, Grace, and is wholly dependent on Lincoln for money other than what he can make pawning stolen goods. Both characters are in crisis – economically and with respect to their masculinity – and Parks's notion of wealth is both a cause of and a metaphor for the crisis.
Risk factor analysis of the development of new neurological deficits following supplementary motor area resection
Authors: Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Chi Heon , Kim June Sic , Lee Sang Kun , Han Jung Ho , Kim Chae-Yong , Chung Chun Kee
Published: May 2013

Object

Supplementary motor area (SMA) resection often induces postoperative contralateral hemiparesis or speech disturbance. This study was performed to assess the neurological impairments that often follow SMA resection and to assess the risk factors associated with these postoperative deficits.

Methods

The records for patients who had undergone SMA resection for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy between 1994 and 2010 were gleaned from an epilepsy surgery database and retrospectively reviewed in this study.

Results

Forty-three patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy underwent SMA resection with intraoperative cortical stimulation and mapping while under awake anesthesia. The mean patient age was 31.7 years (range 15–63 years), and the mean duration and frequency of seizures were 10.4 years (range 0.1–30 years) and 14.6 per month (range 0.1–150 per month), respectively. Pathological examination of the brain revealed cortical dysplasia in 18 patients (41.9%), tumors in 16 patients (37.2%), and other lesions in 9 patients (20.9%). The mean duration of the follow-up period was 84.0 months (range 24–169 months). After SMA resection, 23 patients (53.5%) experienced neurological deficits. Three patients (7.0%) experienced permanent deficits, and 20 (46.5%) experienced symptoms that were transient. All permanent deficits involved contralateral weakness, whereas the transient symptoms patients experienced were varied, including contralateral weaknesses in 15, apraxia in 1, sensory disturbances in 1, and dysphasia in 6. Thirteen patients recovered completely within 1 month. Univariate analysis revealed that resection of the SMA proper, a shorter lifetime seizure history (< 10 years), and resection of the cingulate gyrus in addition to the SMA were associated with the development of neurological deficits (p = 0.078, 0.069, and 0.023, respectively). Cingulate gyrus resection was the only risk factor identified on multivariate analysis (p = 0.027, OR 6.530, 95% CI 1.234–34.562).

Conclusions

Resection of the cingulate gyrus in addition to the SMA was significantly associated with the development of postoperative neurological impairment.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with paraplegia following lumbar puncture
Authors: Koerts Guus , Vanthuyne Vincent , Delavallee Maxime , Rooijakkers Herbert , Raftopoulos Christian
Published: May 2013

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are rare lesions with an annual incidence of 1 per 100,000 population. In patients with this disease, an abnormal vascular dural shunt exists between a dural branch of a segmental artery and a subdural radicular vein that drains the perimedullary venous system, leading to venous hypertension and secondary congestive myelopathy. Generally, patients present with progressive paraparesis, urinary disturbances, and gait ataxia. In this report the authors describe a 61-year-old woman with a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula who developed an acute paraplegia after a nontraumatic lumbar puncture. The possible underlying mechanisms and treatment options are discussed.
Upper facet joint en bloc resection for the treatment of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum
Authors: Yang Zhong , Xue Yuan , Dai Qin , Zhang Chao , Zhou H. Fang , Pan J. Feng , Sheng Dan
Published: May 2013

Object

The authors introduce a novel technique to treat thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF): upper facet joint en bloc resection. This surgical procedure avoids surgery to the most heavily compressed cord surface, contact with the cord, and cord injury. The epidural venous plexus bleeding point can be directly seen and easily controlled during the decompression.

Methods

Between January 2007 and January 2009, thoracic myelopathy caused by OLF was diagnosed in 38 patients using plain radiography, CT, and MRI, and diagnoses were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. All upper facet joint en bloc resection procedures were performed in 2 steps. First, the bony structures above the upper facet joint surfaces were resected and the upper facet joints were isolated. Second, en bloc resection of the upper facet joint was performed by dissection of the junction between the pedicle and upper facet joint. Intraoperative neurological monitoring was performed in all cases. The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scoring system was used to assess neurological status. The degree of postoperative expansion of the spinal cord was calculated on axial MR images. The pre- and postdecompression Cobb angle was applied to assess the magnitude of local kyphosis.

Results

Of the 38 cases of OLF, 6 were single level, 12 were double level, and 20 were multilevel. Of the 92 ossified segments in this study, 23 (25.0%) were located in the upper thoracic spine (T1–4), 13 (14.1%) were located in the midthoracic spine (T5–8), and 56 (60.9%) were located in the lower thoracic spine (T9–L1). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 340 ± 54 ml. The neurological status improved during follow-up (mean 46.1 months) from a preoperative mean mJOA score of 5.39 ± 1.52 to 8.97 ± 1.22 points (t = 18.39, p < 0.05). The neurological function recovery rate ranged from 28.6% to 100%. The mean increase in pre- and postoperative kyphosis of the involved vertebrae was only 1.3° ± 1.6°. The increase in the cross-sectional area of the dural sac at the level of maximum compression suggested that decompression was complete.

Conclusions

Upper facet joint en bloc resection is effective and may be a reasonable alternative treatment choice for thoracic myelopathy caused by OLF.
Registration of Pearl Millet Genetic Male‐Sterile (ms3) Stock NM‐10H
Authors: Andrews D. J. , Rajewski J. F. , Dweikat I.
Published: May 2013

A single plant exhibiting male sterility was discovered in a population of about 1000 plants of an F5 dwarf line 34‐2B, the maintainer line for cytoplasmic male sterile line 34‐2A4 of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Its cause was investigated using selfed and full‐sib progeny derived from crosses to different lines. Segregation ratios in these progeny showed that the sterility was due to a single recessive nuclear gene, ms3, the expression of which remained consistent across progeny generations both in field and greenhouse tests. Genetic stock NM‐10H (Reg. No. GS‐4, PI 664478) is an F5 line of pearl millet containing the genetic male sterility gene and was derived from a cross between the male sterility found in line 34‐2B and line 68B. The male sterility is maintained in a heterozygote (NM‐10H). The ms3 genetic male‐sterility gene may be useful in studying the effects of different cytoplasms on heterosis and other traits by using isonuclear hybrids and in histological studies on the development of male sterility in different types of male sterility.
Discharging ear and facial palsy: Clinical presentation of metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid in temporal bone- a case report
Authors: Anwar Mostafa Mahfuzul , Rahman Md Zillur
Published: May 2013

Follicular carcinoma of thyroid spreads more through haematogenous route rather than lymphatic route. Distant metastasis usually occurs to lung and bones. In the skull, metastasis usually occurs in occipital bone. Metastasis to temporal bone is a rare event. A 45 years female patient presents with discharging ear and facial palsy which was proved to be a metastatic follicular carcinoma in temporal bone. Total thyroidectomy and excision of secondary in temporal bone were done. After surgery she had radio iodine ablation. She was well when last followed up 6 months after surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.10738 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 65-68
Autologous cartilagenous graft in ossiculoplasty
Authors: Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Alam Md Zahedul , Haque Md Rozibul , Aich Mani Lal , Hanif Mohammad , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: May 2013

CSOM is a most common ENT disease in our country, among them the atticoantral variety is life threatening if not treated earlier. So treatment plan is still radical surgery to eradicate the disease to save life ignoring the hearing conservation. Henceforth post operative hearing loss remains a problem for the patient. Ensuring total clearance of the disease depending on the ossicular status, tragal cartilage graft was used as easily available material for ossiculoplasty to improve the post operative hearing .The study presents 35 ear operation of varied middle ear pathology using tragal cartilage & perichodrium as a choice graft. We have recorded our observation & result & concluded that tragal cartilage & perichondrium is an ideal graft for ossiculoplaty. The objective of study was to asses the efficacy of tragal cartilage, the functional capacity in restoring hearing acuity, its mechanical survival, its extrusion rate & its functional integrity in ossicular reconstruction. The patients those underwent surgery in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital had significant improvement of hearing with no recurrence of disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.14860 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 24-28
Deleuze's Third Synthesis of Time
Authors: Voss Daniela
Published: May 2013

Deleuze's theory of time set out in Difference and Repetition is a complex structure of three different syntheses of time – the passive synthesis of the living present, the passive synthesis of the pure past and the static synthesis of the future. This article focuses on Deleuze's third synthesis of time, which seems to be the most obscure part of his tripartite theory, as Deleuze mixes different theoretical concepts drawn from philosophy, Greek drama theory and mathematics. Of central importance is the notion of the cut, which is constitutive of the third synthesis of time defined as an a priori ordered temporal series separated unequally into a before and an after. This article argues that Deleuze develops his ordinal definition of time with recourse to Kant's definition of time as pure and empty form, Hölderlin's notion of ‘caesura’ drawn from his ‘Remarks on Oedipus’ (1803) and Dedekind's method of cuts as developed in his pioneering essay ‘Continuity and Irrational Numbers’ (1872). Deleuze then ties together the conceptions of the Kantian empty form of time and the Nietzschean eternal return, both of which are essentially related to a fractured I or dissolved self. This article aims to assemble the different heterogeneous elements that Deleuze picks up on and to show how the third synthesis of time emerges from this differential multiplicity.
Stress, Depression and Coping among Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers
Authors: Winkelman Sloane , Chaney Elizabeth , Bethel Jeffrey
Published: May 2013

Research shows that one in four migrant farmworkers experienced an episode of one or more mental health disorders such as stress, depression, or anxiety in their lifetime. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore experiences and perceptions related to stress and depression among Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs), and to identify their coping behaviors for dealing with these mental health conditions. Using a mixed methods research approach, three focus group interviews of a sample of Latino MSFWs (N = 29) were conducted and a quantitative survey was implemented (N = 57) at community sites in eastern North Carolina. Four major themes emerged from the focus group data: (1) physical stress related to working conditions; (2) mental stress related to family situations, work environment, documentation status, and lack of resources; (3) depression related to separation from family and the lack of resources; and (4) use of positive and negative mechanisms for coping with stress and depression. A discussion of these themes, results from the survey findings, implications for intervention and outreach programs, along with recommendations for further research, are provided.
The Effect of Precipitation on the Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus in Nature: A Complex Effect on Antibody-Positive Rate to JE Virus in Sentinel Pigs
Authors: Kurane Ichiro , Shibasaki Ken-ichi , Kotaki Akira , Hijioka Yasuaki , Takasaki Tomohiko
Published: May 2013

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases in Asia. Pigs are a natural host and the amplifier of JE virus. The sero-conversion rate to JE virus in sentinel pigs reflects the activity of JE virus in the region. We analyzed whether precipitation has any effect on the sero-conversion rate to JE virus in sentinel pigs. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between the levels of precipitation and sero-conversion rates to JE virus, in the entire year and during summertime over the period of 32 years from 1969 to 2000. The levels of the annual and summertime precipitation demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations with sero-conversion rates for the whole of the country and for some regions in Japan. The levels of the summertime precipitation, on the other hand, demonstrated statistically significant inverse correlations with the sero-conversion rates in other regions. Further, the levels of precipitation during preceding 10-day periods from days 1–40 before blood collection showed inverse correlation with antibody-positive rates in some regions. The results indicate that the relationship between the annual and summertime precipitation, and the sero-conversion rate to JE virus is complex; both positive and inverse effects are demonstrated depending on the regions.
Valuing Human Leptospirosis Prevention Using the Opportunity Cost of Labor
Authors: Arbiol Joseph , Borja Maridel , Yabe Mitsuyasu , Nomura Hisako , Gloriani Nina , Yoshida Shin-ichi
Published: May 2013

Leptospirosis is a serious public health concern in the Philippines, not only because of its increasing incidence rate, but also because of its significant health and economic impacts. Despite its relatively high seroprevalence, knowledge on the economic burden of disease, particularly on the value that the society places on disease prevention remains limited. Obtaining such information is important within the context of public health policy. This study was conducted in Metro Manila to determine the economic burden of leptospirosis, by asking respondents about their willingness to contribute to labor (WTCL) for the prevention of leptospirosis. The respondents pledged an average labor contribution of 10.66 h/month. The average WTCL corresponded to a monetary value of US$4.01 per month when valued using the opportunity cost of labor (leisure rate of time). From the monetized labor contribution, the total economic value of preventing leptospirosis was estimated at US$124.97 million per annum, which represents 1.13% of Metro Manila’s gross domestic product (GDP). Estimates from a Tobit regression model identified the respondents’ knowledge regarding leptospirosis, the susceptibility of their homes to flooding, and the proximity of their homes to sewers as significant factors to consider when developing resource contribution programs for leptospirosis prevention. More efforts need to be made in developing community level preventive programs, and in improving public’s knowledge and awareness about leptospirosis.
Nanofibrillated Cellulose Surface Modification: A Review
Authors: Missoum Karim , Belgacem Mohamed , Bras Julien
Published: May 2013

Interest in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has increased notably over recent decades. This bio-based nanomaterial has been used essentially in bionanocomposites or in paper thanks to its high mechanical reinforcement ability or barrier property respectively. Its nano-scale dimensions and its capacity to form a strong entangled nanoporous network have encouraged the emergence of new high-value applications. It is worth noting that chemical surface modification of this material can be a key factor to achieve a better compatibility with matrices. In order to increase the compatibility in different matrices or to add new functions, surface chemical modification of NFC appears to be the prior choice to conserve its intrinsic nanofibre properties. In this review, the authors have proposed for the first time an overview of all chemical grafting strategies used to date on nanofibrillated cellulose with focus on surface modification such as physical adsorption, molecular grafting or polymer grafting.
Fermentation Profiles of Wheat Dextrin, Inulin and Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Using an in Vitro Digestion Pretreatment and in Vitro Batch Fermentation System Model
Authors: Noack Jackie , Timm Derek , Hospattankar Ashok , Slavin Joanne
Published: May 2013

This study investigated the fermentation and microbiota profiles of three fibers, wheat dextrin (WD), partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), and inulin, since little is known about the effects of WD and PHGG on gut microbiota. A treatment of salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatin was used to better physiologic digestion. Fibers (0.5 g) were fermented in triplicate including a control group without fiber for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Analysis of pH, gas volume, hydrogen and methane gases, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were completed at each time point. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus CFUs at 24 h. WD produced the least gas during fermentation at 8, 12, and 24 h (P < 0.0001), while inulin produced the most by 8 h (P < 0.0001). Each fiber reached its lowest pH value at different time points with inulin at 8 h (mean ± SE) (5.94 ± 0.03), PHGG at 12 h (5.98 ± 0.01), and WD at 24 h (6.17 ± 0.03). All fibers had higher total SCFA concentrations compared to the negative control (P < 0.05) at 24 h. At 24 h, inulin produced significantly (P = 0.0016) more butyrate than WD with PHGG being similar to both. An exploratory microbial analysis (log10 CFU/µL) showed WD had CFU for Bifidobacteria (6.12) and Lactobacillus (7.15) compared with the control (4.92 and 6.35, respectively). Rate of gas production is influenced by fiber source and may affect tolerance in vivo. Exploratory microbiota data hint at high levels of Bifidobacteria for WD, but require more robust investigation to corroborate these findings.
Sedimentation Patterns of Toxin-Producing Microcystis Morphospecies in Freshwater Reservoirs
Authors: Cirés Samuel , Wörmer Lars , Carrasco David , Quesada Antonio
Published: May 2013

Understanding the annual cycle of Microcystis is essential for managing the blooms of this toxic cyanobacterium. The current work investigated the sedimentation of microcystin-producing Microcystis spp. in three reservoirs from Central Spain during the summer and autumn of 2006 and 2007. We confirmed remarkable settling fluxes during and after blooms ranging 106–109 cells m−2 d−1, which might represent 0.1%–7.6% of the organic matter settled. A comprehensive analysis of the Valmayor reservoir showed average Microcystis settling rates (0.04 d−1) and velocities (0.7 m d−1) that resembled toxin settling in the same reservoir and were above most reported elsewhere. M. aeruginosa settling rate was significantly higher than that of M. novacekii and M. flos-aquae. Despite the fact that colony sizes did not differ significantly in their average settling rates, we observed extremely high and low rates in large colonies (>5000 cells) and a greater influence of a drop in temperature on small colonies (<1000 cells). We found a 4–14 fold decrease in microcystin cell quota in settling Microcystis of the Cogotas and Valmayor reservoirs compared with pelagic populations, and the hypothetical causes of this are discussed. Our study provides novel data on Microcystis settling patterns in Mediterranean Europe and highlights the need for including morphological, chemotypical and physiological criteria to address the sedimentation of complex Microcystis populations.
Insights into Diphthamide, Key Diphtheria Toxin Effector
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Wael , Scheidt Viktor , Uthman Shanow , Stark Michael , Schaffrath Raffael
Published: May 2013

Diphtheria toxin (DT) inhibits eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) by ADP-ribosylation in a fashion that requires diphthamide, a modified histidine residue on eEF2. In budding yeast, diphthamide formation involves seven genes, DPH1-DPH7. In an effort to further study diphthamide synthesis and interrelation among the Dph proteins, we found, by expression in E. coli and co-immune precipitation in yeast, that Dph1 and Dph2 interact and that they form a complex with Dph3. Protein-protein interaction mapping shows that Dph1-Dph3 complex formation can be dissected by progressive DPH1 gene truncations. This identifies N- and C-terminal domains on Dph1 that are crucial for diphthamide synthesis, DT action and cytotoxicity of sordarin, another microbial eEF2 inhibitor. Intriguingly, dph1 truncation mutants are sensitive to overexpression of DPH5, the gene necessary to synthesize diphthine from the first diphthamide pathway intermediate produced by Dph1-Dph3. This is in stark contrast to dph6 mutants, which also lack the ability to form diphthamide but are resistant to growth inhibition by excess Dph5 levels. As judged from site-specific mutagenesis, the amidation reaction itself relies on a conserved ATP binding domain in Dph6 that, when altered, blocks diphthamide formation and confers resistance to eEF2 inhibition by sordarin.
Jeunesse : de la dépendance à la Sécurité sociale
Authors: Cresson Daniel
Published: May 2013

Heutzutage in Frankreich lebt die Jugend in einem Zustand der Allgemeinen sozialen verunsicherung. Die 18- 25 jährigen, Studenten Lohnempfänger, Praktikanten, Arbeitslose sind masseweise die ärmsten Personen in diesem Land. Dies hat direkte Folgen auf ihren körperlichen und moral ichen Gesundheitszustand. Zwanzig jähre nach der Errungenschaft iher Volljährigkeit sind die 18 jährigen immer noch nicht volljährig im sozialen Bereich. Es gibt keine Übereinstimmung zwischen der bürgerlichen und der sozialen Volljährigkeit. Der Verband der französischen Zusatzersicherungsgesell-schaften schlägt vor, um drei Prinzipien herum : Autonomie, Universalität und Globalität, eine Sozialversicherung der Jugend einzuführen damit diese Bevölkerungsschicht in sozialer Sicherheit leben Kann. Dies würde sich durch die Einführung eines Jugend- Zweiges konkretisieren, der die Risiken dieser altersklasse decken würde, wie zum Beispiel die Armut. Eine Leistung würde insbesondere allen Jugendlichen bewilligt werden, die ein unzureichendes Einkommen haben und zwar ohne Gegenleistung. Diese Leistung, die nicht ein neues Minimum in Höhe des Mindestlohnes wäre, würde den Jugendlichen ermöglichen, würdevoll und fri zu leben, sich auszubilden, sich fortzubilden und nach einem Arbeitsplatz zu suchen.
Avoir 20 ans aujourd'hui.... Courage camarade
Authors: Bailleau Francis
Published: May 2013

In 1975, faced with the obvious consequences of the status of "young people" and the reversal of the employment market, the government laid the foundation stone to an edifice which it certainly did not expect to last. The continuing difficulties, an unhoped for social and political "calm" led to and consolidated, at the expense of both the young and the elderly, a form of short term management of the social consequences of the economic organisation which was being operated. The fringe of the active population had to absorb and did absorb, without toppling the base, the induced tensions of the new conditions of exercice of a salaried activity resulting from this redistribution of productive activities. The compromise which enabled France to emerge from the post war slump was "globally" conserved. In 1995, after twenty years of day to day management of the difficulties, the edifice can no longer take yet anather "face lift". The ceaseless construction of new categories to "fill up the cracks" should perhaps stand aside at last ? Surely the time has come for a redefinition of the meaning of the procedures for the "inclusion of disadvantaged young people ?"
Circuler, accéder, consommer, un enjeu de citoyenneté
Authors: Guillou Jacques
Published: May 2013

For young people from disadvantaged communities the act of consumerism is a non-negligeable opportunity to test out the role of sub-citizen which is currently attributed to them. The theoretical equality of rights to consumerism is more or less obliterated depending on the manner in which managers of large shopping surfaces perceive young people. The latter often globally identify them as potential delinquents simply because they belong to that particular age group. This makes way for the image of a commercial era of youth which further outlines habitual exclusion but which must nevertheless be considered as an impediment to the accessing of citizenship by young people.
L'éducateur et son efficacité
Authors: Thouvenot Camille
Published: May 2013

A mechanical scene :

To think currently of the efficiency of the instructor in terms of techniques and according to the diagrams of mechanical causality, as tends to be the case in evaluative research is to deprive oneself of a more fondamental access to the understanding of the phenomene. There are heuristic limits, a remnant resists this model.

A symbolic scene

This remnant necessitates a new way of looking at things, a readjustment of definitions, a reorganisation of the scene : envisage efficiency in its symbolic form, formulate educational practice in terms of rites, link the dialogue with the intention.

A magic scene

Structural and functional homologies between the anthropological field of magic and that of specialised education make it possible to bring to the fore the functioning principles of the field of specialised education and to envisage a model of intelligibility of teaching and educative practice.
L'insertion : une intégration au rabais
Authors: L'Haridon Francis
Published: May 2013

Faced with rising unemployment, especially that of young people, the authorities are introducing new measures of inclusion. These however, are no more no less than the institutionalization of a second opportunity both of training and of accessing employment. To a certain extent this masks collective responsibility for the origins of unemployment or the failure of vocational training. It poses the problem of the sense in social and training investment required of participants in such programmes. How do trainees cope with this ambiguity ? The study of the professional identity of a few of them gives us some insight.

The very silence of management with regard to the significance and economics of the training offered to a varied public consequently provides trainers with a strange open stage on which to deploy their skills. The acquisitions of their own social history dictate the actions themselves. Professional practice based on the know-how of trainees ¡emerges. This tends to stand in direct opposition to the objective expectations of those in command who express their orders in quantitative terms. The professional identity of trainers is distinctly marked by the ambiguity of the founder Right of the measures of inclusion.
Les jeunes Finnois et la religion
Authors: Helve Helena
Published: May 2013

Este articulo se nutre de una investigación sobre los valores de los jóvenes fineses y particularmente sobre el papel de la religión en la Finlandia post-moderna de hoy. El autor extrae tres actiividades principales : humanista, individualista y tradicionalista, y meustra la contradictoria y desorganizada construcción de los valores de los jóvenes interrogados. La mayoría de los jóvenes parece haber abondonado la religión tradicional, del mismo modo que la política tradicional, por un sistema de valores «flotantes», no ligados a ninguna ideología en particular, pero de los que emergería de manera alternativa una concepción «ecológica» del mundo.
Éducation populaire et associations : l'exemple de "Peuple et Culture" de Haute-Savoie
Authors: Callé Philippe
Published: May 2013

Par-delà le consensus largement répandu concernant la valeur "démocratique» ou le modèle égalitaire que représenterait le mouvement associatif, des chercheurs dans le domaine de la sociologie des associations ont mis en évidence l'importance de la sélection des élites et de l'institutionnalisation comme aboutissement d'une dynamique sociale à l'œuvre, et comme fonctions sociales tout à fait importantes.

L 'étude du mouvement Peuple et Culture de Haute-Savoie à la Libération conduit à se demander, si ces deux éléments n 'ont pas été, de manière paradoxale, au fondement de l'Éducation populaire à cette période charnière de notre histoire, donnant naissance à un modèle d'intervention sociale et culturelle original.
Les jeunes et la religion : un cadrage général
Authors: Lambert Yves
Published: May 2013

La toile de fond est celle d'une jeunesse qui se définit autant, sinon plus, comme une phase d'expérimentation que comme une phase de reproduction. Du point de vue du religieux, on repère quatre tendances principales : un net recul de l'intégration chrétienne (appartenance, pratiques, croyances), une redéfinition du christianisme en terme d'épanouissement terrestre, une relativisation des croyances et une poussée des « croyances parallèles » (télépathie, astrologie, etc.). En fait, les repères des jeunes sont d'abord constitués de valeurs, celles-ci ayant l'avantage d'être concrètes, flexibles, ouvertes et personnalisables. Le pragmatisme, le subjectivisme, l'éclectisme et la recherche de sociabilité sont également des traits de mentalité typiques des jeunes dans le domaine religieux comme dans bien d'autres domaines.
La "fête de réconciliation" dans le bizutage
Authors: Largueze Brigitte
Published: May 2013

The school environment has always been vested with multiple opportunities to break away from the humdrum of daily routine. Rituals and games, fun and festive elements have contributed to the elaboration of a collective identity and continue to the present day. The reappearance of the university cap and resurgence of ragging in many higher education institutions are not ad nihilo creations. These events, most revealing of the student’s frame of mind, date back to an ancient substratum behaviourisms and ritual practices.
Le développement des loisirs de proximité
Authors: Flanet Véronique
Published: May 2013

El desarrollo del ocio de proximidad.

Asistimos desde hace algunos años a un desplazamiento de las ayudas públicas a las vacaciones hacia el ocio de proximidad. Así, primero algunas ciudades y luego Ayuda Familiar han creado dispositivos que permitan a los jóvenes practicar el ocio en lo cotidiano. La iniciativa está a menudo marcada por una pre-ocupación pedagógica, pero ayudar económicamente a los jóvenes desfavorecidos no carece de revés ni contradicciones ; En efecto se ven jóvenes sumidos en unas prácticas masivas de consumisión o acoger esta ayuda como si de una obligación se tratase... Es la cuestión de la gratuidad total que vuelve a plantearse aquí. Sin embargo, a la vez, cabe preguntarse. ¿ No se sobrevaloran sus demandas cada vez más ?... Al fin y al cabo ¿ No desearían los jóvenes algo más contemplativo, unos vínculos con el adulto, en su tiempo de ocio ?...
Socio-analyse de la jeunesse colombienne
Authors: Kretzschmar Etienne
Published: May 2013

Socio-analysis of Columbian youth.

From the outside the image of Columbia is frequently caricatural : violence, drug-trafficking, guerrilla warfare. And yet the hardships of social life are deeply entrenched in the entire history of the continent. Massive conversion to Christianity, the old fear of ethnic interbreeding, the convulsions of history have sustained a subjectivity crisis which affects, even in everyday life, the passage to modernity. Through a lack of efficient proceedings in cultural mediation, young people are becoming the major victims. Despite the democratic Forum achieved through the 1991 Constitution, an in-depth socio-cultural survey is necessary to enable a genuine involvement of young people in the development of Colombia.
Négociation et circulation de l’argent au sein de la famille
Authors: Busiaux Nathalie , Guenfoud Karima
Published: May 2013

Negotiation and currency circulation within the family -

Even if it is obvious that students and car dealers employ different strategies to «make some easy dough», one cannot help wondering about the future of this money, of its circulation. This is where the central role of the family comes to the fore. Although in the two situations with which we are concerned money varies in terms of quantity, flow and provenance it nevertheless makes consumer spending possible and can be a source of prestige in public realms. And in private realms money remains a constant source of negotiation since it is a deciding factor in the changing roles and status of each of us.
Les tactiques de survie matérielle des sous-prolétaires à la rue
Authors: Lanzarini Corinne
Published: May 2013

Les sous-prolétaires privés de travail officiel recourent à des tactiques individualisées (manche...) ou institutionnalisées (voies légales) de survie. Les premières visent la gestion du stigmate selon un dégradé de situations qui vont de la présence passive à la captation active de l’informel et à l’officialisation de la place. Les secondes ont pour enjeu l’obtention légale d’aides sociales ou l’utilisation à la marge de l’offre (renouer un lien).
Cité U : une intervention psychosociale
Authors: Weiss Danielle
Published: May 2013

Una residencia universitaria en el corazón de una problemática institucional y social -

Problemas de marginación y pauperización creciente de la población de una de las más grandes residencias universitarias de la región parisina, Nanterre. Inventario, preconizaciones y realización del cambio a partir de la problemática planteada por el papel de las ciudades universitarias y la dificultad de las repuestas institucionales.
Jeunes, citoyenneté, Europe : quelques remarques à propos des représentations ordinaires de la citoyenneté en France
Authors: Duchesne Sophie
Published: May 2013

Jovenes, ciudadan’a, Europa : Algunas observaciones acerca de las representaciones corrientes de la ciudadan’a en Francia -

El análisis de las representaciones "corrientes" de la ciudadan’a "a la francesa" deja aparecer una tension entre dos modelos, una ciudadan’a •por herencia” y una ciudadan’a "por escrúpulos" (más cercana a los jovenes). El primer modelo plantea Europa como una extension ineluctable de la nacion, el segundo piensa más en término de universalismo. Pero tanto el uno como el otro atestiguan de un distanciamiento creciente respecto a una aproximacion más pol’tica de la ciudadan’a.
Jeunesse Nordique - Jeunesse Méditerranéenne.
Authors: Lagrée Jean-Charles
Published: May 2013

Nordic Youth -Mediterranean Youth -Young Europeans and Europe -

The idea of Europe is in the process of leaving the sphere of politician, of administrators, of experts to take to the streets. Young people have picked up on it, placing all their hopes for a better future in the advent of Europe. But the survey portrays important and significant differences between young people from Nordic countries and those living in Mediterranean countries, differences concerning both their modes of involvement in social life, their confidence in the Europeanisation process or their concept of citizenship. Here we come across the multi secular divisions on which Europe was built. The Catholic Europe of the South in conflict with the Protestantism which has spread throughout the North. This is the anthropological hypothesis. However, unequal economic development and a differentiated role of the protective State should also be invoked. Add to that the strength of national identity as a factor liable to affect the attitude of young people with regard to Europe.
Les objets des adolescents
Authors: Lesourd Serge
Published: May 2013

Objects of adolescence -

After having distinguished three psychic functions of objects (reality objects, psychic objects and me objects) the author sets out to demonstrate the importance for the subject in question, i. e the adolescent, of real objects. Using examples (the fate of objects of delinquency, the importance of objects which make up the •look”, the pathos or success of objects created by the adolescent) he stresses the need to pay attention to the relation of the adolescent towards these various objects, for at a time when words become acts, it is through the use of such objects that the adolescent clearly expresses his innermost subjective position.
L’engagement bénévole d’étudiants dans une action d’aide scolaire au Secours Catholique
Authors: Lyet Philippe
Published: May 2013

El compromiso benévolo de estudiantes en una accion de ayuda escolar en el "Secours catholique" -

En la mitad de la decada de los ochenta, muchos benévolos, entre los cuales jovenes estudiantes, irrumpen en las acciones de ayuda escolar mutua. Desmintiendo los comentarios sobre la falta de interés de los jovenes por una intervencion activa en los problemas de sociedad, este movimiento traduce una nueva forma de participacion c’vica. Uniendo altruismo y búsqueda de satisfaccion de los intereses de los voluntarios, compromiso colectivo y repliegue sobre unas esferas de accion "privadas", este voluntariado de nuevo tipo es revelador de una mutacion en curso de la accion colectiva. Este art’culo tiene como objetivo describir y dar sentido a esta dinámica inedita que, sin dejar de lado a los benévolos y militantes tradicionales, se trabaja más particularmente en las nuevas generaciones.
L’accès des jeunes Français à l’emploi. Quelques rappels
Authors: Galland Olivier
Published: May 2013

Der Zugang der jungen Franzosen zur Beschäftigung -

Mit Hilfe der verglichenen Indikatoren von Ausbildungs-/ Qualifikations-/ Diplomniveaus und Beziehungen zur Beschäftigungberichtet der Autor über die Enwicklung der Bedingungen des Zuganges zur Beschäftigung der Jugendlichen in Frankreich und in einigen anderen Ländern des Europas der 15. Diplome und/ oder Berufsausbildung sind notwendige Bedingungen für den Zugang zur Beschäftigung geworden, selbst wenn nicht ausreichend, und die unqualifizierten und unausgebildeten Jugendlichen sind am meisten dem Ausschluss ausgesetzt. Angesichts dieser Situation erweisen sich mehrere Optionen, die entweder Unterstützungsprogramme für einen schnellen Zugang zur Beschäftigung bevorzugen können oder vorherige Ausbildungsprogramme.
Les différents visages de l’apprentissage
Authors: Kergoat Prisca
Published: May 2013

Die verschiedenen Gesichter der Lehre -

Die Lehre erscheint als Analyselabor am Schnittpunkt zwischen Schule und Unternehmen, Erziehung und Arbeit. Sich Fragen zu stellen über die Funktionen dieser Ausbildung in den grossen Unternehmen, über die betroffenen Jugendbevölkerungen führt zu weiteren Fragen über die Entwicklung der Bedingungen des Zuganges zur Beschäftigung. Die Lehre erweist sich als ein guter Spiegel der Entwicklung der Ausbildung, der Beschäftigungspolitik der öffentlichen Hand, der Praktiken der grossen Unternehmen und der Art und Weise wie sie die Arbeitskräfte auswählen und die Arbeitsaufnahme verwalten.
Assiste-t-on vraiment à un rejet de la culture sportive traditionnelle?
Authors: Augustin Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2013

La progression des loisirs sportifs auto-régulés pose la question de leur rapport à la culture sportive traditionnelle. Cet article est un texte d'humeur à l'encontre d'écrits prenant le risque de survaloriser les nouvelles tendances alors que les activités collectives, les sociabilités locales, les engagements dans le sport éducatif sont encore largement dominants. À l'exception de quelques pratiques qui s'affirment en rupture, les loisirs auto-régulés s 'inscrivent dans une vision différente mais complémentaire d'un ensemble sportif dont ils se réclament ouvertement.
La lutte contre l’illettrisme : repères
Authors: Vogler Jean
Published: May 2013

Longtemps ignoré ou occulté dans une société où la scolarité est obligatoire depuis un siècle, la persistance de l’illettrisme a été officiellement reconnue par le gouvernement français en 1984. Mais l’illettrisme renvoie à une réalité bien distincte de l’analphabétisme et il est essentiel de bien cerner la définition fonctionnelle de la notion pour éclairer les questions, politiquement incontournables, du repérage statistique et de l’évaluation.
Pour que l’aventure de lire continue
Authors: Rimbert Josée
Published: May 2013

Pénétrer dans le monde de l’écrit c’est entrer dans un univers symbolique, différent du monde réel. Pour pouvoir écrire, il faut réussir à libérer sa créativité tout en construisant le récit. L’illustration a également ses propres codes. Les deux doivent constituer un ensemble architectural cohérent, en symbiose avec le thème choisi. Depuis 1994, une vingtaine de structures associatives ou communales sont fidélisées autour d’actions Lecture -Écriture coordonnées par la Direction Régionale et Départementale de la Jeunesse et des Sports de Lorraine et de Meurthe-et-Moselle. Celles-ci permettent aux enfants de se familiariser, de manière ludique, avec des activités de type culturel, indispensables à une réussite scolaire.
Les "emplois-jeunes" : pour une autre lecture
Authors: Redjimi Goucem
Published: May 2013

jeunes Die Arbeitsstellen für Jugendliche : für eine andere Auslegung. -

Die Überlegung über das Programm •Arbeitsstellen für Jugendliche” erzielt mehrere Ebenen... Im Prinzip sollte es "natürliche" (die Vereine) und "weniger natürliche" Akteure (die Jugendlichen) mobilisieren : aber wie sieht es wirklich aus ? Diese Massnahme stehtnicht im Zusammenhang mit Integration sondern beschäftigt sich mit den "Anstellbarsten" : was geschieht dann mit der Ausgrenzung deren Art und Weisen sich immer mehr verstärken und zwar durch die Ausdehnung der Auswahlverfahren auf neue Kategorien ? Abgesehen von dieser Massnahme steht heute die Demokratie in Frage als "Behauptung des Rechts" und darunter des "Rechts auf Integration" : muss man sie dann einer angeblich neuen Arbeitsbeziehung unterwerfen ? Dies würde die Ausgrenzungserscheinungen in Abwesenheit von sinnvollen Alternativen ausserhalb der "Teilnahme an der Arbeitsordnung" bestätigen.
Les activités sportives en milieu carcéral. Le cas des mineurs de la maison d’arrêt de Brest
Authors: Zanna Omar , Lacombe Philippe
Published: May 2013

Puntos fuertes y debilidades de las pol’ticas de juventud.

Este articulo tiene como objetivo sacar a la luz las cualidades especialicas de las politicas locales y nacionales para la juventud, tanto del punto de vista de los recursos de la intervención pública como respeto a la estructuración de las puestas en obra. Intenta también poner en perspectiva este dominio de la intervención pública con el análisis de las politicas públicas. De esta forma intenta sobre todo destacar lo que constituye la caracteristica de las politicas para la juventud, a saber, la existencia de la permanencia, en el seno de los distintos dominios de la acción pública, de un campo de intervención pública, que sigue territorial, infrasectorial y transversal.
Quand la passion déborde le loisir…
Authors: Le Gall Didier
Published: May 2013

Nombre de jeunes participent à des activités occupationnelles ou de loisir (culturelles, sportives, artistiques, humanitaires...). Plus rares en revanche sont ceux qui s’y impliquent véritablement et durablement. Mais quand "la passion déborde le loisir", il semble bien, non seulement que ces activités interfèrent directement sur le processus de socialisation de ces jeunes, mais aussi contribuent à orienter leur devenir social, parfois même professionnel…
Les jeunes maghrébins, entre rhétorique islamiste et contraintes de la mondialisation
Authors: Lamchichi Abderrahim
Published: May 2013

Der Autor zeigt, dass im Gegensatz zu der fundamentalistischen Rethorik auf Islamischen Boden die Zeichen der Expansion der Globalisiserung allgegenwärtig zu sein scheinen und zwar über verschiedene Kanäle wie zum Beispiel Medien, Internet, Musik, usw. Daher ergibt sich eine Reihe von Anpassungsversuchen, die durch einen Anziehungs-aber auch Abneigungseffekt gekennzeichnet sind.