bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild Hyperthermia Accelerates Bone Repair by Dynamically Regulating iNOS/Arg1 Balance in the Early Stage
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Luo Yiping , Zhang Lei , Chen Yunfeng , Chen Yixing , Wu Xinhui , Aierken Aihemaitijiang , Duolikun Dilixiati , Wang Tianlong , Zhou Zifei , Liu Zhiqing , Zheng Longpo
Published: December 2024

Mild hyperthermia therapy has garnered interest as an adjunctive treatment for bone repair. However, its optimal timing, duration, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, how mild hyperthermia supports bone repair during the early stages is assesed. These findings reveal that mild hyperthermia accelerates bone regeneration by dynamically regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase/arginase 1 (iNOS/Arg1) balance. This process involves macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype through iNOS activation, followed by a rapid transition to the M2 phenotype through Arg1 activation after 3 days of sustained mild hyperthermia. RNA‐Seq reveals that a single day of mild hyperthermia induced immune alterations aligned with the early inflammatory phase of bone repair, characterized by osteoclast activation, cell recruitment, and neovascularization, thereby preparing for the transition to the repair phase. Experiments involving subcutaneous abscesses, subcutaneous embedding, and critical cranial bone defects further confirm that early mild hyperthermia treatment dynamically regulates macrophage phenotypes. This regulation enhances early antibacterial activity, promotes angiogenesis, and facilitates the transition from inflammation to repair, ultimately accelerating bone‐defect repair. This study is the first to elucidate the dual temporal effects of early mild hyperthermia on immune regulation, offering insights into the optimal timing and duration of photothermal therapy following bone repair surgery.
Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation Drives Intestinal Fibrosis through mCCL6/hCCL15 Chemokine‐Mediated Fibroblast Activation
Authors: Cheng Xiaohui , Shao Pingwen , Wang XinTong , Jiang Juan , Chen Jiahui , Zhu Jie , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi , Zhang Junfeng , Chen Jiangning , Huang Zhen
Published: December 2024

Intestinal fibrosis, a severe complication of Crohn's disease (CD), is linked to chronic inflammation, but the precise mechanism by which immune‐driven intestinal inflammation leads to fibrosis development is not fully understood. This study investigates the role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in intestinal fibrosis in CD patients and a 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced mouse model. Elevated MDSCs are observed in inflamed intestinal tissues prior to fibrosis and their sustained presence in fibrotic tissues of both CD patients and murine models. Depletion of MDSCs significantly reduces fibrosis, highlighting their key role in the fibrotic process. Mechanistically, MDSC‐derived mCCL6 activates fibroblasts via the CCR1‐MAPK signaling, and interventions targeting this axis, including neutralizing antibodies, a CCR1 antagonist, or fibroblast‐specific Ccr1 knockout mice reduce fibrosis. In CD patients with stenosis, human CCL15, analogous to mCCL6, is found to be elevated in MDSCs and activated fibroblasts. Additionally, CXCR2 and CCR2 ligands are identified as key mediators of MDSC recruitment in intestinal fibrosis. Blocking MDSC recruitment with CXCR2 and CCR2 antagonists alleviates intestinal fibrosis. These findings suggest that strategies targeting MDSC recruitment and mCCL6/hCCL15 signaling could offer therapeutic benefits for intestinal fibrosis.
Laser Upcycling of Hemoglobin Protein Biowaste into Engineered Graphene Aerogel Architectures for 3D Supercapacitors
Authors: Hayashi Shuichiro , Rupp Marco , Liu Jason X. , Stiles Joseph W. , Das Ankit , Sanchirico Amelia , Moore Samuel , Arnold Craig B.
Published: December 2024

Graphene aerogels (GAs) with engineered architectures are a promising material for applications ranging from filtration to energy storage/conversion. However, current preparation approaches involve the combination of multiple intrinsically‐different methodologies to achieve graphene‐synthesis and architecture‐engineering, complicating the entire procedure. Here, a novel approach to prepare GAs with engineered architectures based on the laser‐upcycling of protein biowaste, hemoglobin, is introduced. Laser scanning achieves graphene‐synthesis concurrently with architecture‐engineering through the localized graphitization of hemoglobin along the laser‐scan path, enabling the direct preparation of engineered GAs. The laser‐upcycled GAs are uniquely decorated with fibrous graphitic structures, which significantly improves the surface area. Such structural formation is attributable to the inherent iron content of hemoglobin which leads to the formation of iron‐based nanoparticles that catalyze the formation of nano‐structured graphene. By leveraging the high electrical conductivity and unique structural morphology, the laser‐upcycled GAs are applied as electrodes of symmetrical 3D supercapacitors. The fabricated supercapacitors exhibited a high specific capacitance (≈54.9 F g−1) and excellent cycle stability (≈94% retention), attributable to the laser‐engineered architecture facilitating ion diffusion even for thick electrodes. Not only does this study provide a novel approach to prepare GAs with engineered architectures but showcases the potential of laser‐upcycling in preparing advanced functional materials for future devices.
Review on Fundamental and Recent Advances of Strain Engineering for Enhancing Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Hu Andong , Liu Zhaoli , Ding Keren , Xia Wei , Shangguan Huayuan , Zhang Cui , Fu Tao
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is widely recognized as an attractive technology for simultaneously addressing environmental issues and energy crises. CO2RR encompasses three primary processes: electron‐hole generation, electron‐hole separation, and surface catalysis. Consequently, the light absorption capacity, charge separation ability, and selectivity of the surface catalytic site of the photocatalyst significantly influence the rate of CO2RR. The significant role of strain engineering in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to solar fuel using semiconductor catalysts is reviewed in this paper. Specifically, the design strategies of strain catalysts and the crucial role of strain on CO2RR are examined. In this paper, the mechanisms of strain‐enhanced light absorption, photoelectron‐hole separation, and product selectivity are reviewed, along with the most recent advancements in this field. This review offers valuable information for the design of strain engineering photocatalysts and supplements the review of various semiconductor photocatalysts.
Physiological characterization of leaf‐shape isolines of upland cotton
Authors: Spivey William W. , St. Aime Ricardo , Sherer Taylor , Zimmerman Paul , Kuraparthy Vasu , Narayanan Sruthi
Published: December 2024

Four major leaf shapes exist in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): normal, sub‐okra/sea‐island, okra, and super‐okra. The majority of upland cotton (G. hirsutum) varieties in the United States possess a normal leaf shape. However, the other three leaf shapes were reported to show a few production advantages such as accelerated flowering rates, early maturity, reduced lint trash and boll rot, and increased pest resistance. In this study, we evaluated the leaf‐shape isolines LA‐213‐okra, LA‐213‐normal, LA‐213‐super‐okra, and LA‐213‐sub‐okra for physiological traits related to yield and performance and identified the isolines associated with superior physiological mechanisms. During flowering stage, narrow leaf shape isolines, LA‐213‐okra and LA‐213‐super okra, showed 6%–19%, 0%–15%, and 3%–73% greater chlorophyll index, quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and photosynthetic rate, respectively, than the LA‐213‐normal and LA‐213‐sub‐okra isolines. Further, the water use of LA‐213‐super‐okra was 12%–22% lower than that of the other three leaf shape isolines. With superior physiological performance, the okra and super‐okra leaf shapes offer useful trait variation for cotton breeding and variety development.
Clinical use of biomarkers in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatments
Authors: VandeVrede Lawren , Schindler Suzanne E.
Published: December 2024

With the advent of treatments that specifically target Alzheimer's disease brain pathology, biomarker tests will become an increasingly important part of the routine clinical evaluation of cognitive impairment and guide clinical decision making. Clinicians must ensure they are using accurate and well‐validated biomarker tests and select the most appropriate testing modality for each patient based on individual and practical considerations. The interpretation of test results may be complex and depends on the pre‐test probability and test‐specific factors. Biomarker results must be presented and discussed with patients in a process that is sensitive to the major implications of the results and is carefully connected to diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Advances in treatments for Alzheimer's disease will likely require non‐dementia specialists to use biomarkers, necessitating major educational efforts. In the new era of Alzheimer's disease treatments, biomarkers are essential tools that will be integrated into all aspects of dementia diagnosis and care.
Sex‐dependent molecular landscape of Alzheimer's disease revealed by large‐scale single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Soudy Mohamed , Bars Sophie Le , Glaab Enrico
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows significant sex differences in prevalence and clinical manifestations, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

METHODS

This study used a large‐scale, single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of the human prefrontal cortex to investigate sex‐dependent molecular changes in AD. Our approach combined cell type–specific and sex‐specific differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, gene regulatory network construction, and cell–cell communication analysis to identify sex‐dependent changes.

RESULTS

We found significant sex‐specific gene expression patterns and pathway alterations in AD. Male astrocytes showed changes in cell death pathways, with RPTOR as a key regulator, while female astrocytes had alterations in Wnt signaling and cell cycle regulation. Cell–cell communication analysis uncovered sex‐specific intercellular signaling patterns, with male‐specific impacts on apoptosis‐related signaling and female‐specific alterations in Wnt and calcium signaling.

DISCUSSION

This study reveals sex‐dependent gene expression patterns, pathway alterations, and intercellular communication changes, suggesting the need for sex‐specific approaches in AD research.

Highlights

Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals significant sex‐specific molecular signatures in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Male astrocytes show enhanced modulation of apoptotic and cell death pathways in AD; female astrocytes exhibit distinct alterations in Wnt signaling and cell‐cycle regulation.

Sex‐dimorphic changes in mitochondrial gene expression are observed in excitatory neurons, suggesting divergent energy metabolism profiles may contribute to AD sex differences.

RPTOR is identified as a key regulator of male‐specific changes in astrocytes, implicating the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway in sex‐dependent AD pathology.

New cell–cell communication analyses reveal sex‐specific patterns of intercellular signaling, providing insights into how cellular interactions may differentially contribute to AD pathology in males and females.
Clinician and lived experience perspectives on non‐judgemental family care, in working with childhood maltreatment and intergenerational trauma: A pilot narrative review
Authors: Twigger Ashley , Lee Amos Yong Soon , Amos Jackie
Published: December 2024

Non‐judgemental care is a widely acknowledged aspect of therapeutic work with children and families. There is limited literature that defines current practices of non‐judgemental family care and assesses its implementation within mental health settings. Clinicians who encounter and work with childhood maltreatment and abuse may make moral judgements and potentially ascribe culpability to a child's parents, carers or support network. This is despite understanding that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the complex interplay of sociocultural factors and wider determinants of health. This pilot narrative review explores facilitators and barriers to provision of non‐judgemental care in the modern literature from clinician, as well as lived and survivor, perspectives. A detailed search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase and PsycINFO databases, with focus on childhood maltreatment, intergenerational trauma and ACEs between 2014 and 2024 and published in English language. Title and abstract screening, then full‐text screening, was completed by the primary author and results were identified via informal analysis of themes. Eight studies of clinician perspectives identified facilitating themes of professionals' responsiveness, positive personal attributes and utilisation of strength‐based approaches. Clinician‐identified challenges included maintaining curiosity in the context of uncertainty and complexity, power differences and unconscious processes. Nine lived experience studies were included, identifying listening and attunement as facilitators. Shame, barriers and inadequate acknowledgement of historical traumas hindered therapeutic engagement. Shame was found to be a key barrier to the experience of non‐judgemental care and postulated to influence how clinician interventions are received. The author concludes that non‐judgemental care is incompletely understood in practice, with clinician judgements being ubiquitous and diffuse in therapeutic impacts. Future research is required to understand intersubjective therapeutic perspectives and elucidate existent gaps between delivery and perception of non‐judgemental care.
Exploring perceptions of alternative assessment and grading in graduate anatomy education
Authors: Dietrich Emily L. , McWatt Sean C.
Published: December 2024

Alternative assessment approaches, such as pass/fail and feedback‐based designs, aim to reduce academic stress and foster deeper learning. Few studies have examined feedback‐based evaluation in formative settings in medical education, but none among graduate anatomy students. This exploratory study investigated the impact of feedback‐based versus quiz‐based assessments on graduate students' academic stress, motivation, and perceived learning quality in an anatomy course. Nine students were interviewed to discern perceptions of the impact of the different assessment types. Four instructors were interviewed to establish the philosophies behind their chosen assessment style, and their responses were compared to the perceptions of their students. Inductive thematic analyses of student interviews yielded multiple themes regarding considerations for the influence of assessment on academic‐related anxiety and motivation: (1) communicating clear goals and expectations, (2) instructor approachability and individualized assessment, and (3) alignment between perceived effort and outcomes. Faculty interviewees demonstrated intentions to (1) promote non‐technical skills, (2) provide authentic experiences, and (3) emphasize individualized assessment. However, there was some misalignment between instructors' goals and students' experiences, exacerbating students' stress and reducing their motivation. Feedback‐based assessments were preferred for their perceived individualized nature and facilitation of deeper learning. Findings indicated that implementing feedback‐based approaches, while ensuring constructive alignment, could reduce stress for graduate anatomy students. Furthermore, clear communication and instructor approachability can cultivate stronger teaching presence, which may enhance motivation, engagement, and the quality of learning outcomes. Implementing formative feedback‐based assessments may, therefore, be an effective strategy to reduce stress and improve learning experiences for graduate‐level anatomy students.
Magnetic Assisted DNA Logic Gate Nanomachine Based on CRISPR/Cas12a for Recognition of Dual miRNAs
Authors: Liang Huiping , Mu Xiaomei , Huang Yong , Zhao Shulin , Tian Jianniao
Published: December 2024

The anomalous expression of microRNA poses a serious threat to human life and health safety, and serves as an important biomarker for cancer detection. In this study, a novel magnetic‐assisted DNA logic gate nanomachine triggered by miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155 was designed based on the trans‐cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a activated by a split DNA activator, using only a single crRNA and signal probe, which simplified the detection procedure and complex nucleic acid amplification. The presence of target molecules, miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155, can stimulate the DNA walker machine assembled on magnetic beads, which releases activator under the action of DNAzyme. Then the trans‐cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a is initiated and the system signal significantly increases. Based on this, an AND logic gate nanomachine was constructed for simultaneous analysis of miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155. The detection limits of miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐15 were 9.00 pM and 42.00 pM, respectively, and this method was successfully applied to miRNA analysis in cell samples. This nanomachine combined the DNA walker with DNA logic circuit and CRISPR/Cas12a system, providing a new approach for simultaneous detection of multiple targets and further expanding the application of gene editing in the analysis and sensing of multiple target substances.
Assessment of MGMT and TERT Subtypes and Prognosis of Glioblastoma by Whole Tumor Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Min , Li Yao , Tang Lifang , Tang Chuyun , Huang Lizhao , Li Tao , Zhu Li
Published: December 2024

Background: Adult glioblastomas (GBMs) are associated with high recurrence and mortality. Personalized treatment based on molecular markers may help improve the prognosis. We aimed to evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis can better predict MGMT and TERT molecular characteristics and to determine the prognostic relevance of genetic profile in patients with GBM.

Materials and Methods: MRI, clinical, and pathological data of 79 patients with GBM were retrospectively collected. The ADC values based on histogram analysis were described using 10th percentile (p10), 90th percentile (p90), mean, median, minimum, maximum, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy. The independent‐sample t test, linear correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed.

Results: MGMT promoter methylation and TERT promoter mutation were detected in 53.2% and 44.3% of GBM patients, respectively. The ADCp10 in MGMT promoter unmethylated group was significantly lower than that in the MGMT promoter methylated group (p = 0.005). There were significant differences in ADCmin, ADCp10, ADCmean, and entropy between TERT promoter mutant and wild‐type groups. Entropy showed the best diagnostic performance in differentiating between positive and negative TERT groups (AUC = 0.722, p = 0.001). Overall survival (OS) showed a positive correlation with ADCmin. The TERT promoter mutation was the only independent prognostic factor for GBM.

Conclusions: ADC histogram analysis may be a potential noninvasive biomarker for differentiating MGMT and TERT molecular markers and providing prognostic information for GBM patients.
Paradox of Sustainable Growth: The Interplay Between Small and Medium Enterprises and Non‐governmental Organizations and Government Helix
Authors: Islam Ariful , Islam Md Asadul , Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Nimfa Danjuma T. , Tehseen Shehnaz
Published: December 2024

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the effective economic engines of most developing countries. Unfortunately, due to resource constraints, the failure rate of SMEs is relatively high, prompting scholars and practitioners to explore potential solutions. Here, the collaboration between SMEs and non‐government organizations (NGOs), supported and guided by governments, can play a strategic role in overcoming resource constraints and promoting sustainable growth. Islamic NGOs can provide Sharia‐based financial support, capacity building, and mentorship to SMEs, especially those owned by Muslim entrepreneurs. Therefore, the goal of this study is to establish a conceptual framework for strategic collaboration between SMEs, conventional NGOs, Islamic NGOs, and governments, with the aim of promoting sustainable growth. A rigorous PICO‐based SLR identified 112 relevant articles. In‐depth analysis using thematic and content approaches, alongside the ADO framework, ensured a robust foundation for the proposed conceptual model. The implementation of methodical procedures further enhanced the rigor of the analysis, ensuring both reliability and validity. The study has devised a strategic collaboration paradigm for the sustainable growth of SMEs, considering the functions of both conventional and Islamic NGOs. This paradigm encompasses innovative financial options, technology transfer, and innovation, value sharing in the supply chain, capacity building and skill development, as well as stakeholder engagement. The results also highlight how important it is for government regulations and policies to be effective from a Helix viewpoint in order to guarantee the long‐term success of SMEs. Additionally, the obtained model has the potential to advance SDG 13 (climate action) and SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals) by fostering cross‐sector collaborations among SMEs and other important stakeholders.
Phase 3 Study of Talazoparib Plus Enzalutamide Versus Placebo Plus Enzalutamide as First‐Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer: TALAPRO‐2 Japanese Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Matsubara Nobuaki , Miyake Hideaki , Uemura Hiroji , Mizokami Atsushi , Kikukawa Hiroaki , Kosaka Takeo , Nishimura Kazuo , Nakamura Motonobu , Kobayashi Kazuki , Komaru Atsushi , Mori Yuko , Toyoizumi Shigeyuki , Hori Natsuki , Umeyama Yoshiko , Uemura Hirotsugu
Published: December 2024

Background

In TALAPRO‐2, the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus the androgen receptor–signaling inhibitor enzalutamide improved radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS) versus placebo plus enzalutamide (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51–0.78) in molecularly unselected patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We report an exploratory analysis of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients enrolled in the TALAPRO‐2 study.

Methods

The ongoing, multinational, randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 TALAPRO‐2 study enrolled patients with mCRPC receiving ongoing androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were prospectively assessed for homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations and randomized 1:1 to receive talazoparib or placebo plus enzalutamide once daily. The primary endpoint was rPFS by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Results

For the 116 Japanese all‐comers patients enrolled in TALAPRO‐2, the HR for rPFS was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.45–1.75) for the talazoparib versus placebo arm; among those with HRR‐deficient disease, the HR was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.16–2.20). Among patients with BRCA1/2 gene alterations in the HRR‐deficient population (n = 10), the HR for rPFS was < 0.01 (95% CI, < 0.01–not reached) for the talazoparib versus placebo arm. In the all‐comers population, the objective response rate by BICR was 55% (all complete responses) in the talazoparib arm versus 36% in the placebo arm. The safety profile of talazoparib plus enzalutamide was similar between Japanese patients and the overall all‐comers population; no new safety signals were identified. Anemia was the most common grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse event (55%) and cause of talazoparib discontinuation (12%). Talazoparib Ctrough was comparable across Japanese, Asian, and non‐Asian subgroups.

Conclusions

In this exploratory analysis, efficacy outcomes with talazoparib plus enzalutamide in Japanese patients in TALAPRO‐2 were consistent with those in the overall all‐comers population. The safety profile and pharmacokinetics of the combination were similar between Japanese patients and the overall all‐comers population.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03395197
Influence of Organ‐Specific Extranodal Involvement on Survival Outcomes in Stage IV Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kim Tong‐Yoon , Kim Tae‐Jung , Han Eun Ji , Min Gi June , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Silvia , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Lee Jong‐Wook , Jeon Youngwoo , Cho Seok‐Goo
Published: December 2024

Background

The prognostic significance of extranodal sites in stage IV diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains uncertain, making it challenging to select appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of different extranodal sites on prognosis in young patients with stage IV DLBCL who achieved complete remission (CR) following initial chemo‐immunotherapy and to explore the potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a consolidation treatment for specific patient subgroups.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from 119 patients with DLBCL aged < 60 years who achieved CR after chemo‐immunotherapy between 2008 and 2020. Patient survival rates were analyzed in correlation with different extranodal sites using univariate and multivariate models. Additionally, we assessed the effect of ASCT on 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with different extranodal sites involved.

Study Design

A retrospective bicenter study.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed a significant decrease in survival rates in patients with a Deauville score of 3 and those with extranodal DLBCL affecting the spleen, bone marrow, nasosinus, and liver. In multivariate analysis, only nasosinusal involvement remained a significant predictor of reduced OS. Patients with spleen involvement benefited significantly from ASCT in terms of 5‐year PFS and OS, whereas those with nasosinusal involvement did not demonstrate any survival advantage with ASCT.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the influence of specific extranodal sites on the prognosis of patients with stage IV DLBCL. The data indicate a clear need for precise patient stratification based on extranodal involvement for more effective treatment planning. Notably, patients with spleen involvement appear to benefit from ASCT, suggesting that this strategy could be useful in this subgroup. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm and incorporate these findings into clinical practice.
Xixin Decoction May Treat Vascular Dementia by Modulating the NPTX2/C1q/C3 Complement Pathway
Authors: Yang Shuo , Gao Xin‐qi , Tan Ai‐hua , Ge Pan
Published: December 2024

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a type of dementia that results from brain injury caused by cerebrovascular disease or vascular risk factors. Accumulating evidence from clinical studies has found that Xixin decoction can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with VaD and improve their daily living ability. However, the pathogenesis of VaD is not fully understood, and the therapeutic mechanism of Xixin decoction is also unclear. The Morris water maze, new object recognition, transmission electron microscopy observation, Golgi staining, Nissl staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were employed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Xixin decoction. The results showed decreased learning and cognitive abilities, hippocampal neuron damage, decreased NPTX2 protein expression, and increased expression of inflammatory factors such as C1q and C3 in the model group compared with the control group. Furthermore, compared with the model group, the above symptoms were improved after administration of Xixin decoction, and the activity of the NPTX2/C1q/C3 complement pathway was altered. In conclusion, these results suggested that Xixin decoction might treat VaD by modulating the NPTX2/C1q/C3 complement pathway.
Sesquiterpene Monomers and Dimers From the Flower of Inula japonica Thunb. With Selective Antiproliferation Against Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Hong‐Yu , Guo Lu , Luo Di , Lou Si‐Qing , Liang Dong‐E. , Xu Xin‐Ya , Xi Zhi‐Fang , Zhan Zha‐Jun , Ma Lie‐Feng
Published: December 2024

A total of 34 sesquiterpene derivates were obtained from the flower of Inula japonica Thunb. Compounds 2, 14–34 were identified as sesquiterpene monomers, whereas the other 12 isolates (1, 3–13) were characterized as sesquiterpene dimers. Among them, japonicone Z (1), a present undescribed sesquiterpene dimer, and another undescribed monomer, japonicol A (2), were discovered. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic techniques. Structurally, these dimers shared a common guaiane moiety that fused with either 1,10‐seco‐eudesmanes or germacrenes by a [4 + 2] biogenetic pathway. The antiproliferative activity of these isolates was assayed on triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231), breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7), and normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF‐10A). As a result, most of these compounds exhibited significant effects toward cancer cell lines. More importantly, they possessed promising selectivity toward TNBC cell line with a dramatically increased selectivity index, as they showed similar or superior IC50 values compared to paclitaxel and exhibited minimal or weak inhibitory effects on normal cells. These findings provided valuable insight for natural anti‐TNBC sources.
Quality of resistant starch‐enriched breadcrumbs extrudates
Authors: Koksel Hamit , Samray Markus Nail , Masatcioglu Tugrul M. , Koksel Filiz
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Although bread waste is often processed into breadcrumbs for use in breading formulations, an alternative method to add value to this by‐product is to incorporate it into snack food applications. This study examined the extrusion of breadcrumbs under varying conditions of feed moisture content (13%, 15%, or 17%) and die temperature (120°C or 150°C). To enhance the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of the extrudates, the base breadcrumbs formula was supplemented with resistant starch types 2 and 4 (RS2 and RS4) at different concentrations (15% and 30%). The physical and techno‐functional properties of the resulting breadcrumb extrudates (BCEs) were then investigated.

Findings

The TDF content of BCEs generally increased with higher feed moisture contents, but it was not affected by different die temperatures. The highest radial expansion index (6.33) among the RS‐supplemented BCEs was achieved with RS2‐supplemented BCEs extruded at a die temperature of 120°C and a feed moisture content of 13%. RS4 supplementation also produced BCEs with similar properties under certain extrusion conditions.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in TDF content between RS2 and RS4‐supplemented BCEs at the lowest feed moisture content studied. Overall, RS2 supplementation had a less negative impact on the extrudate expansion index, density, and crispness values compared to RS4 supplementation, indicating the better suitability of RS2 for snack food applications. All BCEs produced had TDF contents higher than 6%, allowing them to carry a “high fiber content” claim according to relevant European Union regulations.

Significance and Novelty

The effects of different types of resistant starch on the physical and techno‐functional properties of extruded snacks have not been studied to date. This study addresses this research gap and adds value to a major by‐product of the bakery industry, breadcrumbs, by incorporating them into snack food applications.
A Distinctive Strategy for Catheter Ablation in Patients With Bilateral Common Ostium in the Inferior Pulmonary Veins: A Case Report
Authors: Wei Zhaoyang , Gong Linan , Wang Zanzan , Zuo Zheng , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary vein anatomical variations are frequently observed in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation. However, when it comes to patients with atrial fibrillation and bilateral common ostium in the inferior pulmonary veins, using a bilateral circumferential pulmonary vein isolation approach during catheter ablation heightens the risk of esophageal injury. At present, there is no established standard catheter ablation strategy for such cases. A 47‐year‐old female with atrial fibrillation underwent catheter ablation. Prior to the procedure, a left atrial computed tomography angiography indicated a common ostium of the left and right inferior pulmonary veins. During mapping, a low‐voltage area was found in the patient's left atrial posterior wall. To avoid esophageal injury and effectively isolate both pulmonary veins and the low‐voltage area with minimal ablation points, we used a single‐ring ablation approach. In a 12 month follow‐up, the patient had no atrial fibrillation recurrence.
The Role of Plain Radiography in Diagnosing Brodie's Abscess: Clinical Image
Authors: Khanal Ujjwal Prakash , Sadashankar Mitu , Bhandari Siddhartha
Published: December 2024

Plain radiographs can still be of considerable diagnostic value for recognizing Brodie's abscess, especially in resource constrained settings.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Linked to Dietary Supplement Use in a Bodybuilder: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Sondos K. , Yousif Zahra B. , Baraka Jawaher , Al‐Hashimi Israa , Moursi Moaz O. , Fadul Abdalla , Ibrahim Wanis
Published: December 2024

Many dietary supplements commonly used by bodybuilders and athletes carry thrombogenic risks, potentially leading to life‐threatening conditions like arterial and venous thrombosis by either elevating testosterone levels or directly interfering with homeostasis. Increased awareness and further research are crucial for consumer safety and supplement regulation.
The Doping of Al3+ at the Tetrahedral Site of Spinel Mn3O4 for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Yang Shujiao , Li Sisi , Wang Ting , Gao Xueqing , Chen Yu , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Spinel oxides have attracted much attention for electrocatalytic water oxidation. Specially, the Mn‐based spinel structures merits fundamental investigation, as Mn is involved in water oxidation in natural photosynthesis. Herein, Al‐doped Mn3O4 spinel electrocatalyst was prepared for water oxidation. The Al cations selectively occupy the tetrahedral sites of Mn3O4 spinel structure, leaving Mn(III) at the catalytically critical octahedral sites. The substitution of Al3+ regulated the electronic structure of Mn3O4, induced lattice distortion and produced higher concentration of oxygen vacancy to promote the water oxidation performance.
Resource Allocation in 5G NR Networks via Hybrid Lyrebird‐Red Panda Optimization Model
Authors: Jyoti  , Noliya Amandeep , Kumar Dharmender
Published: December 2024

Radio resource management in a dynamic 5G HWAN, which includes several RATs like LTE and 5G NR, is examined in this work. A unique resource allocation strategy for 5G NR networks is proposed in this paper to overcome the practical drawbacks of centralized systems, such as signaling overhead and computing complexity. The challenge of resource allocation is tackled by framing it as a stochastic optimization dilemma. Addressing this challenge involves optimizing resource allocation using a novel hybrid optimization algorithm termed CPF‐RPLO. It adopts a chaotic probability factor for decision‐making in the CPF‐RPLO that allows for adaptability in choosing between modified RPO and modified LOA. Each population in CPF‐RPLO either chooses modified RPO or modified LOA for optimal resource allocation. This optimization process considers parameters such as path loss and throughput. To achieve the goal of maximizing average throughput utility while maintaining network stability, restrictions on these characteristics are imposed. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and simulation results, taking into account assumptions about network stability.
Quinoid Carbene Mediated C(sp2)‐Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Cheng Hongying , Wang XiaoKun , Tan Kai , Ren Xiaoyu , Guo Zhen , Wang Chengming , Zhou Cong‐Ying
Published: December 2024

C(sp2)‐heteroatom bonds play a critical role in biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Traditional methods for synthesizing these bonds often rely on transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, such as the Buchwald‐Hartwig and Ullmann reactions, which have limitations, including the requirement for elevated temperature and basic conditions. In recent years, diazo quinones have emerged as promising reagents for C(sp2)‐heteroatom bond formation due to their unique structural and reactive properties, which include high electrophilicity and a tendency toward aromatization. This review highlights recent advances in the use of quinoid carbenes, derived from diazo quinones, for the construction of C(sp2)−N, C(sp2)−O, and C(sp2)−S bonds. Key methodologies discussed include rhodium‐, iridium‐, ruthenium‐ and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, heteroatom‐H bond insertion reactions, migration reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements. These methods offer mild, functional group‐tolerant alternatives to traditional approaches, showcasing their utility in the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules, medicinally relevant compounds, and materials.
Burst Safety Analysis of Strengthened FeCrAl Claddings in APR1400 Fuel Rods Subject to LOCA Conditions
Authors: Ubaid Jabir , Alaleeli Maithah , Yi Yongsun , Alameri Saeed A. , Schiffer Andreas
Published: December 2024

Because of their greater accident tolerance, iron‐chromium‐aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys hold great promise for applications in nuclear fuel claddings. Here, a finite element‐based computational framework is developed to analyze the thermomechanical performance of APR1400 fuel rods with FeCrAl claddings subjected to a typical LOCA condition preceded by 4 years of normal operation. The effect of enhancements in the yield and ultimate strength of FeCrAl on the burst safety of fuel rods is evaluated for various choices of pellet diameters and cladding thicknesses. The pellet diameter is increased by reducing the cladding thickness and/or the pellet‐clad gap thickness with the intention of compensating for the additional neutronic penalty of FeCrAl in comparison to the conventional Zircaloy. It is found that a reduction of the pellet‐clad gap thickness from 83 to 50 μm can increase the cladding's burst safety by up to 35%. Additionally, strengthening FeCrAl alloys has significantly improved cladding performance under LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) conditions. Specifically, an 80% enhancement in the yield and ultimate strength has been shown to improve the cladding burst safety by 80%. The findings of this study suggest that improved material properties and geometric modifications can significantly improve the burst safety of FeCrAl‐based ATF systems, which is an important consideration for their practical implementation.
Analysis of Influence of Control Valve Structure on Fuel Injection Performance of an Injector
Authors: Yue Yifan , Zou Run , Li Liangyu , Su Tiexiong
Published: December 2024

On the basis of the structure of the traditional electromagnetic injector, this paper proposes a new type of electromagnetic injector structure by changing the opening mode of the control valve. Taking the fuel injection consistency and response time as the evaluation indexes, a one‐dimensional simulation model was established to compare the fuel injection performance of the traditional electromagnetic injector and the new electromagnetic injector. For the new electromagnetic injector, the structural parameters of the control valve were optimized by orthogonal analysis. The results show that: compared with the traditional electromagnetic injector, the new electromagnetic injector had better multicylinder fuel injection consistency and more stable fuel injection quantity, but the opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were increased by 30.77%, 11.14%, 33.46%, and 0.44%, respectively. The closing time was decreased by 8.55%, which was due to the change in the force and motion of the control valve body. After optimization, the response delay time of the injector was decreased and the fuel injection consistency became better. The opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were decreased by 10.08%, 10.03%, 14.72%, and 4.57%, respectively; the closing time was increased by 3.42%. The average injection volume was decreased by 5.57%, and the variance value of fuel injection volume was decreased by 41.03%.
A Probabilistic Routing Algorithm Based on CNN and Q‐Learning for Vehicular Edge Network
Authors: Ma Huahong , You Jingyun , Wu Honghai , Xing Ling , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Vehicular edge networks represent a novel architecture that utilizes vehicles as mobile edge nodes, characterized by high‐speed dynamic changes. To effectively transmit data in vehicular edge networks, opportunistic routing methods can be employed, selecting suitable relay nodes based on encounter opportunities between nodes. Although existing opportunistic routing algorithms primarily select the optimal transmission path based on the encounter characteristics between nodes, the dynamism of network topology, the uncertainty of node mobility, and the heterogeneity between nodes still pose significant challenges to the implementation of opportunistic routing. In response to this, we propose a probabilistic routing algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Q‐learning, named PRCQ. This algorithm predicts node state transition probabilities using decomposed latent node features and dynamically adjusts optimal routing strategies using Q‐learning. Extensive simulations were conducted on the NS‐2.35 simulator based on two different city scenarios to evaluate the performance of the PRCQ algorithm compared to other existing algorithms. The results indicate that, compared with other existing opportunistic routing algorithms, PRCQ exhibits superior performance in terms of average transmission delay and packet delivery ratio.
Recent Perspectives on Anticancer Potential of Coumarin Against Different Human Malignancies: An Updated Review
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Perween Asfa , Momal Ushna , Imran Muhammad , Ul Hassan Muhammad Hammad , Naeem Hammad , Mujtaba Ahmed , Hussain Muzzamal , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , El‐Ghorab Ahmed H. , Selim Samy , Mostafa Ehab M. , Al Jbawi Entessar
Published: December 2024

Coumarins, a group of naturally occurring compounds, have been reported to demonstrate anticancer potential. These substances, distinguished by their combined benzene and α‐pyrone rings, have been demonstrated to impact multiple cellular mechanisms essential for the initiation and advancement of cancer. These agents work in different ways that prevent different tumor cells from growing, spreading, and increasing. One of the main anticancer mechanisms of coumarin act is killing cancer cells through apoptosis. This includes changes to pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins like Bcl‐2 and Bax, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspases. The tumor suppressor protein p53's expression has been discovered to be upregulated by coumarins such as esculetin and imperatorin, which encourage interrupted cell cycle and death. Additionally, coumarin has anti‐angiogenic qualities, which are critical for the development and spread of tumors. It can slow the development of new blood vessels that feed tumors by inhibiting the “vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)” route of signaling. Coumarins inhibit the number of signaling pathways that are vital for cell division. For example, they can suppress the “PI3K/mTOR” pathway, which usually impairs the cancer cells and results in decreased cell viability and growth. Finally, coumarins could modulate the response of the immune system to cancerous cells. They have the ability to boost the activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which aid the immune system in identifying and eliminating cancer cells. Through a variety of mechanisms, such as immune response regulation, angiogenesis reduction, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis activation, coumarins exhibit their anticancer effects. These molecular pathways demonstrate coumarins' potential as an interesting option for the development of novel anticancer treatments. More studies are needed to completely understand their modes of action and maximize their therapeutic efficacy.
Nutritional, Antibacterial and Thrombolytic Prospects of Freshwater Paludomas conica Protein Hydrolysate and Its Anti‐Inflammatory Potential in LPS‐Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Authors: Siddique Tanvir Ahmed , Rafi Khalid Juhani , Akter Sumaiya , Bithy Farhana Yesmin , Aktar Rasheda , Khan Asif Nadim , Majid Mumtahina , Sultana Farjana , Saha Srabonti , Ahmed A. M. Abu , Rahman Atiar
Published: December 2024

Chronic inflammation and heme‐iron overload can result from bacterial hemolysis. Along with the synthetic drugs, numerous traditional and functional food approaches are equally trialed to eradicate the problem. As a prospective new source of dietary protein hydrolysates, freshwater mollusks (Paludomas conica) have recently drawn huge interest from researchers. In this research, protein hydrolysate (PhPC) of Paludomas conica, prepared by the enzyme digestion method, was analyzed for proximate nutritional and minerals contents and deciphered its suppressive effects on inflammatory gene expression in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The inhibitory action of protein denaturation is also unfolded with established in vitro and in vivo models. Anti‐hemolytic, antibacterial, and thrombolytic effects of PhPC were respectively assessed by H2O2‐induced hemolysis of RBCs, the disc diffusion method, and the clot lysis method. The proximate nutritional and mineral contents of PhPC revealed it to be an enriched source of nutrients, crude protein, carbohydrates, Calcium, and Magnesium. Heavy metals were found to be within the prescribed limit. The PhPC suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes, including COX‐2, iNOS, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1, multifold in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The inhibition concentrations (IC50) of PhPC in the bovine serum albumin denaturation inhibition test and membrane stabilization tests were 431.39 and 285.25 μg/mL, respectively. The PhPC was discerned to be active against Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella dysenteriae; its maximum thrombolytic effect was displayed to be 23.72% ± 2.71%. The findings demonstrate that the nutritionally enriched PhPC could be affirmed as an exciting invertebrate anti‐inflammatory agent Extending other biological functions needs to be further characterized with its pure protein or protein products.