bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal Navigation Algorithms Based on Wireless Networks and Inertial Sensors
Authors: Kaňa Zdenek , Bradáč Zdenek , Fiedler Petr
Published: August 2014

The work aims at a development of positioning algorithm suitable for low-cost indoor or urban pedestrian navigation application. The sensor fusion was applied to increase the localization accuracy. Due to required low application cost only low grade inertial sensors and wireless network based ranging were taken into account. The wireless network was assumed to be preinstalled due to other required functionality (for example: building control) therefore only received signal strength (RSS) range measurement technique was considered. Wireless channel loss mapping method was proposed to overcome the natural uncertainties and restrictions in the RSS range measurements The available sensor and environment models are summarized first and the most appropriate ones are selected secondly. Their effective and novel application in the navigation task, and favorable fusion (Particle filtering) of all available information are the main objectives of this thesis.
Wlan Performance Improvement by Header Compression and Packet Overhearing Reduction
Authors: Levy David , Kotuliak Ivan , Trúchly Peter
Published: August 2014

For wireless systems, it is of vital importance to use the scarce radio resources in an efficient way. The main targets are to reduce the power consumption and increase the throughput of wireless devices. Using header compression both throughput can be increased and power can be saved. Using packet overhearing reduction power can be saved. This paper presents the achieved performance improvements when using these two methods. The simulation results are confirmed by analytical calculations. We show that we can achieve up to 35% power save when combining both methods and close to 0.1 additional normalized throughput.
High Step-Up DC—DC Converter for AC Photovoltaic Module with MPPT Control
Authors: Sundar Govindasamy , Karthick Narashiman , Rama Reddy Sasi
Published: August 2014

This paper presents the high gain step-up BOOST converter which is essential to step up the low output voltage from PV panel to the high voltage according to the requirement of the application. In this paper a high gain BOOST converter with coupled inductor technique is proposed with the MPPT control. Without extreme duty ratios and the numerous turns-ratios of a coupled inductor this converter achieves a high step-up voltage-conversion ratio and the leakage energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load. MPPT control used to extract the maximum power from PV panel by controlling the Duty ratio of the converter. The PV panel, BOOST converter and the MPPT are modeled using Sim Power System blocks in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The prototype model of the proposed converter has been implemented with the maximum measured efficiency is up to 95.4% and full-load efficiency is 93.1%.
Magnetoelastic Properties of Selected Amorphous Systems Tailored by Thermomagnetic Treatment
Authors: Švec Peter , Szewczyk Roman , Salach Jacek , Jackiewicz Dorota , Šlvec Peter , Bieńkowski Adam , Hoško Jozef
Published: August 2014

Magnetoelastic properties of Fe6iCoigSÍ5Bi5 alloy after thermomagnetic treatment were tested for both compressive and tensile stresses, what is significant novelty. Results of presented investigation opens new ways of modelling the magnetoelastic effects in amorphous systems tailored by thermomagnetic treatment.
Calibration of a Measuring Device to Determine Specific Saturation Magnetization by A Special Coil
Authors: Ulvr Michal
Published: August 2014

Specific saturation magnetization σ

S
is an important parameter of ferromagnetic materials. It is in principle independent of the structure and shape of the sample. There are two ways to calibrate devices for determining σ

S
: the standard method, using a calibrated magnetic moment standard, or an alternative method, using a special moment coil. This paper presents a calibration method used at Czech Metrology Institute for calibration of Koerzimat 1.096 using a special moment coil. Special attention is given to a description of the special moment coils used for Koerzimat 1.096 calibration, and to analysis of sources of uncertainty. Calibration expanded uncertainty of 0.4 up to 0.6 % can be achieved using this method.
Computational investigation of liquid-solid slurry flow through an expansion in a rectangular duct
Authors: Vittorio Messa Gianandrea , Malavasi Stefano
Published: August 2014

The flow of a mixture of liquid and solid particles at medium and high volume fraction through an expansion in a rectangular duct is considered. In order to improve the modelling of the phenomenon with respect to a previous investigation (Messa and Malavasi, 2013), use is made of a two-fluid model specifically derived for dense flows that we developed and implemented in the PHOENICS code via user-defined subroutines. Due to the lack of experimental data, the two-fluid model was validated in the horizontal pipe case, reporting good agreement with measurements from different authors for fully-suspended flows. A 3D system is simulated in order to account for the effect of side walls. A wider range of the parameters characterizing the mixture (particle size, particle density, and delivered solid volume fraction) is considered. A parametric analysis is performed to investigate the role played by the key physical mechanisms on the development of the two-phase flow for different compositions of the mixture. The main focuses are the distribution of the particles in the system and the pressure recovery
Curious Cases of the Enzymes / Neobiča Istorija Enzima
Authors: Ulusu Nuriye Nuray
Published: August 2014

Life as we know it heavily relies on biological catalysis, in fact, in a very nonromantic version of it, life could be considered as a series of chemical reactions, regulated by the guarding principles of thermodynamics. In ancient times, a beating heart was a good sign of vitality, however, to me, it is actually the presence of active enzymes that counts… Though we do not usually pay attention, the history of enzymology is as old as humanity itself, and dates back to the ancient times. This paper is dedicated to these early moments of this remarkable science that touched our lives in the past and will make life a lot more efficient for humanity in the future. There was almost always a delicate, fundamentally essential relationship between mankind and the enzymes. Challenged by a very alien and hostile Nature full of predators, prehistoric men soon discovered the medicinal properties of the plants, through trial and error. In fact, they accidently discovered the enzyme inhibitors and thus, in crude terms, kindled a sparkling area of research. These plant-derivatives that acted as enzyme inhibitors helped prehistoric men in their pursuit of survival and protection from predators; in hunting and fishing… Later in history, while the underlying purposes of survival and increasing the quality of life stayed intact, the ways and means of enzymology experienced a massive transformation, as the ‘trial and error’ methodology of the ancients is now replaced with rational scientific theories.
High False Positives and False Negatives in Yeast Parameter in an Automated Urine Sediment Analyzer / Brojni Lažno Pozitivni I Lažno Negativni Rezultati Za Parametar Gljivice Na Automatskom Analizatoru Urina
Authors: Aydin Ozgur , Ellidag Hamit Yasar , Eren Esin , Yilmaz Necat
Published: August 2014

Background:Automated urine sediment analyzers have proven their feasibility in medical laboratories. However, editing manual microscopic review of some specimens severely limits the usefulness of such systems. This study aims to give feedback on the practical experience on »Yeast«, which is one of the parameters that compel frequent manual reviews.

Methods: 5448 freshly collected urine specimens submitted from various departments of our hospital for diagnostic urinalysis were studied by the UriSed® (77 Elektronika, Hungary). A specialist medical doctor inspected every image onboard, and reviewed the ones with a »Yeast« alarm by traditional manual microscopy.

Results: UriSed alarmed in 491 samples (9%) for yeast. In 59 samples (1%) the number of particles exceeded the cut-off and a »positive for yeast« was set. A false positive report of yeast +1 to 3+/HPF was found in 51 samples (0.9%). There were 8 cases with positive for yeast from both microscopic methods. Thirty-three »negative for yeast« samples were corrected as positive after the manual microscopic review.

Conclusion: We report a high percentage of false positives and negatives in the yeast parameter, in line with other studies on UriSed as well as on other instruments in the market. As an important feedback, our observations showed that the major concern in false results was »the focusing problem«. We believe in the necessity of a focus check and comparison of alarms between images on board
Continuous Wavelet and Hilbert-Huang Transforms Applied for Analysis of Active and Reactive Power Consumption
Authors: Avdakovic Samir , Bosovic Adnan
Published: August 2014

Analysis of power consumption presents a very important issue for power distribution system operators. Some power system processes such as planning, demand forecasting, development, etc.., require a complete understanding of behaviour of power consumption for observed area, which requires appropriate techniques for analysis of available data. In this paper, two different time-frequency techniques are applied for analysis of hourly values of active and reactive power consumption from one real power distribution transformer substation in urban part of Sarajevo city. Using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with wavelet power spectrum and global wavelet spectrum some properties of analysed time series are determined. Then, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) are applied for the analyses of the same time series and the results showed that both applied approaches can provide very useful information about the behaviour of power consumption for observed time interval and different period (frequency) bands. Also it can be noticed that the results obtained by global wavelet spectrum and marginal Hilbert spectrum are very similar, thus confirming that both approaches could be used for identification of main properties of active and reactive power consumption time series.
Development of An Embedded FPGA-Based Data Acquisition System Dedicated to Zero Power Reactor Noise Experiments
Authors: Arkani Mohammad , Khalafi Hossein , Vosoughi Naser
Published: August 2014

An embedded time interval data acquisition system (DAS) is developed for zero power reactor (ZPR) noise experiments. The system is capable of measuring the correlation or probability distribution of a random process. The design is totally implemented on a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The architecture is tested on different FPGA platforms with different speed grades and hardware resources. Generic experimental values for time resolution and inter-event dead time of the system are 2.22 ns and 6.67 ns respectively. The DAS can record around 48-bit x 790 kS/s utilizing its built-in fast memory. The system can measure very long time intervals due to its 48-bit timing structure design. As the architecture can work on a typical FPGA, this is a low cost experimental tool and needs little time to be established. In addition, revisions are easily possible through its reprogramming capability. The performance of the system is checked and verified experimentally.
Measurements of Low Frequency Noise of Infrared Photo-Detectors with Transimpedance Detection System
Authors: Ciura Łukasz , Kolek Andrzej , Gawron Waldemar , Kowalewski Andrzej , Stanaszek Dariusz
Published: August 2014

The paper presents the method and results of low-frequency noise measurements of modern mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors. A type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice based detector with nBn barrier architecture is compared with a high operating temperature (HOT) heterojunction HgCdTe detector. All experiments were made in the range 1 Hz - 10 kHz at various temperatures by using a transimpedance detection system, which is examined in detail. The power spectral density of the nBn’s dark current noise includes Lorentzians with different time constants while the HgCdTe photodiode has more uniform 1/f - shaped spectra. For small bias, the low-frequency noise power spectra of both devices were found to scale linearly with bias voltage squared and were connected with the fluctuations of the leakage resistance. Leakage resistance noise defines the lower noise limit of a photodetector. Other dark current components give raise to the increase of low-frequency noise above this limit. For the same voltage biasing devices, the absolute noise power densities at 1 Hz in nBn are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than in a MCT HgCdTe detector. In spite of this, low-frequency performance of the HgCdTe detector at ~ 230K is still better than that of InAs/GaSb superlattice nBn detector.
A Highly Selective Vehicle Classification Utilizing Dual-Loop Inductive Detector
Authors: Gajda Janusz , Stencel Marek
Published: August 2014

In general, currently employed vehicle classification algorithms based on the magnetic signature can distinguish among only a few vehicle classes. The work presents a new approach to this problem. A set of characteristic parameters measurable from the magnetic signature and limits of their uncertainty intervals are determined independently for each predefined class. The source of information on the vehicle parameters is its magnetic signature measured in a system that enables independent measurement of two signals, i.e. changes in the active and reactive component of the inductive loop impedance caused by a passing vehicle. These innovations result in high selective classification system, which utilizes over a dozen vehicle classes. The evaluation of the proposed approach was carried out for good vehicles consisting of 2-axle tractor and a 3-axle semi-trailer.
Estimation and Correction of Gain Mismatch and Timing Error in Time-Interleaved ADCs Based on DFT
Authors: Guo Lianping , Tian Shulin , Wang Zhigang
Published: August 2014

Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture is crucial to increase the maximum sample rate. However, offset mismatch, gain mismatch, and timing error between time-interleaved channels degrade the performance of time-interleaved ADCs. This paper focuses on the gain mismatch and timing error. Techniques based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for estimating and correcting gain mismatch and timing error in an M-channel ADC are depicted. Numerical simulations are used to verify the proposed estimation and correction algorithm.
Bonding xenon and krypton on the surface of uranium dioxide single crystal
Authors: Dąbrowski Ludwik , Szuta Marcin
Published: August 2014

We present density functional theory (DFT) calculation results of krypton and xenon atoms interaction on the surface of uranium dioxide single crystal. A pseudo-potential approach in the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) was applied using the ABINIT program package. To compute the unit cell parameters, the 25 atom super-cell was chosen. It has been revealed that close to the surface of a potential well is formed for xenon and krypton atom due to its interaction with the atoms of oxygen and uranium. Depth and shape of the well is the subject of ab initio calculations in adiabatic approximation. The calculations were performed both for the case of oxygenic and metallic surfaces. It has been shown that the potential well for the oxygenic surface is deeper than for the metallic surface. The thermal stability of immobilising the atoms of krypton and xenon in the potential wells were evaluated. The results are shown in graphs.
Optimization Problems and Solutions of Forest Resources Management in Moldova
Authors: Petru Bacal
Published: August 2014

The main problems of forest management in Moldova are: consumerist approach of the forest fund; the superficial management of indirect economic functions and ecological functions; illegal logging, overgrazing, massive pollution with domestic waste; the closed character of decision making in the forestry sector; the limitation of population's access to forest lease land and the abuses in this field; cumulating and duplication of management functions; the inefficient realization of evaluation and integrated monitoring of forest fund, especially in the communal forests.
25 Years of Sustainability. A Critical Assessment
Authors: Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Petrişor Liliana
Published: August 2014

25 years have passed since the 'Brundtland Report‘ defined sustainability as a possibility to equally meet current and future needs. 15 years later, the author of the definition stated that despite of the fact that the definition does not need to be changed, its understanding bettered off during the interval. 25 years later, the present paper takes an in-depth look at the concept and its practical implications. One of the issues being addressed refers to the pillars of sustainability; their number increased by 25% to include the cultural pillar in addition to the economic, social, and cultural one. Spatial thinking added a new dimension, translating into concepts like 'sustainable communities‘ or 'self standing village‘ at the local level, and 'polycentricity‘ and 'cohesion‘ at the regional one. Furthermore, practical implications include environmental impact assessment (evolving towards strategic impact assessment), internalization of externalities, ecological restoration, and a new view on conservation, different from the one addressed by the 'Zero Growth Strategy‘. In addition, the paper discusses several criticism addressed to the concept and its implementation, attempting to reveal their underlying causes. Overall, the critical analysis shows that the attempts to achieve sustainability did not change the concept as much as its understanding.
Management of Anthropogenic Factor in Mureş County Forests
Authors: Covrig Ilie , Năstăsescu Valentin
Published: August 2014

The analysis and drafting of a conclusion regarding the current state of the anthropogenic influence on the forests were conducted by the study of forest planning and other documents that serve the purpose of the research. By following the paths in the forests of Mureş county, several remarks were noted on the state of private and state-owned forest areas: the forester’s intervention in the woods, in terms of the application of silvicultural treatments and forest regeneration and promotion of the basic natural type of forest, the mapping of anthropogenically damaged areas, remarks on the planning of guarding activities and preventing illegal actions in the woods. The actions that cause damage to the forest and the general stock of wood are identified especially in terms of illegal felling. The damages caused though illegal felling during the analyzed period (1970 - 2013), enable us to assert that this kind of damages were recorded throughout the entire analyzed interval. The causes determining a high anthropogenic pressure on the forests are easily identified by the legislative gaps, social poverty of the Romanian society, the influence of the political factor on the national forest strategy, impairment of the forester’s authority in the forests, the dependence of local communities to the forests etc. All these require identification of immediate solutions for the recovery of the anthropogenically damaged areas by afforestation, provision of a sole, coherent and efficient legislative framework, approach of a new concept in terms of supervision and control in the forests.
Can examination of tissue stained with Oil red O be postponed up to three months?
Authors: Christoffersen Simone Dorthea , Thomsen Jørgen Lange
Published: August 2014

Introduction: As far as we know, there are no known studies on the durability of frozen tissue stained with Oil Red O. The purpose of this study was to examine if the lipid drops in Oil Red O stained tissue keep the original position and color over time (3 months). Further we examined if storage position of the stained tissue makes a difference. Method: We used ten frozen kidney sections stained with Oil Red O. Half of the samples were stored vertically and the other half horizontally, and photos of the same areas were taken within the first 24 hours after staining, and then after 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months respectively. Results and conclusion: No changes in position of the lipids were observed. The color of the staining faded somewhat over time, but it was still possible to distinguish the positive sites from the negative.
Potential association between the recent increase in campylobacteriosis incidence in the Netherlands and proton-pump inhibitor use – an ecological study
Authors: Bouwknegt M , van Pelt W , Kubbinga M E , Weda M , Havelaar A H
Published: August 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Relationship between head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation and nutritional status of children
Authors: Karim Mt Tahmina , Musa Sharmin , Mondal Dinesh , Khanum Hamida
Published: August 2014

The prevalence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation and malnutrition affect among the children (1 to 7 years) in the area of Mirpur Bihari Camp, Dhaka was observed. A total of 300 children were examined during February 2011 to January 2012, and among them 59.67% prevalence of head lice was observed. The height and weight for age was compared following 50th percentile or standard deviation score (SD?score) of WHO/ NCHS reference standard. In case of WAZ (weight for age using Z?score value) of boys, moderate malnutrition was found in 2, 3, and 5 years age group and mild malnutrition was found in 1, 4, 6 and 7 years age group. In case of WHZ (weight for height of boys), mild malnutrition was found in age group 2, 3 and 5 years. In better growth children, 56.67% were infested by head lice, 56% in medium growth children and the highest 65.46% among the children with mild growth. The intensity of infestation was mostly mild and moderate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20091 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 119-125, 2014
Large Area Mapping of Boreal Growing Stock Volume on an Annual and Multi-Temporal Level Using PALSAR L-Band Backscatter Mosaics
Authors: Wilhelm Sebastian , Hüttich Christian , Korets Mikhail , Schmullius Christiane
Published: August 2014

The forests of the Russian Taiga can be described as an enormous biomass and carbon reservoir. Therefore, they are of utmost importance for the global carbon cycle. Large-area forest inventories in these mostly remote regions are associated with logistical problems and high financial efforts. Remotely-sensed data from satellite platforms may have the capability to provide such huge amounts of information. This study presents an application-oriented approach to derive aboveground growing stock volume (GSV) maps using the annual large-area L-band backscatter mosaics provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Furthermore, a multi-temporal map has been created to improve GSV estimation accuracy. Based on information from Russian forest inventory data, the maps were generated using the machine learning algorithm, RandomForest. The results showed the high potential of this method for an operational, large-scale and high-resolution biomass estimation over boreal forests. An RMSE from 55.2 to 63.3 m3/ha could be obtained for the annual maps. Using the multi-temporal approach, the error could be slightly reduced to 54.4 m3/ha.
Human Leptospirosis Trends: Northeast Thailand, 2001–2012
Authors: Thipmontree Wilawan , Suputtamongkol Yupin , Tantibhedhyangkul Wiwit , Suttinont Chuanpit , Wongswat Ekkarat , Silpasakorn Saowaluk
Published: August 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the changing trend of leptospirosis over time in Thailand using two prospective hospital-based studies conducted amongst adult patients with acute undifferentiated fever (AUFI) admitted to Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand between July 2001 to December 2002 and between July 2011 to December 2012. During the first period, leptospirosis (98 patients, 40%) and scrub typhus (59 patients, 24.1%) were the two major causes of AUFI. In the second period, scrub typhus (137 patients, 28.3%) was found to be more common than leptospirosis (61 patients, 12.7%). Amongst patients with leptospirosis, the proportion of male patients and the median age were similar. Leptospira interrogans serogroup Autumnalis was the major infecting serogroup in both study periods. The case fatality rate of leptospirosis was significantly higher in 2011–2012 as compared with the case fatality rate in 2001–2002 (19.7% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001). In summary, we found that number of leptospirosis cases had decreased over time. This trend is similar to reportable data for leptospirosis complied from passive surveillance by the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. However, the case fatality rate of severe leptospirosis has increased. Severe lung hemorrhage associated with leptospirosis remained the major cause of death.
Identification of Two Novel α1-AR Agonists Using a High-Throughput Screening Model
Authors: Xu Fang , Chen Hong , He Xuelan , Xu Jingyi , Xu Bingbing , Huang Biyun , Liang Xue , Yuan Mu
Published: August 2014

α1-Adrenoceptors (ARs; 1A, 1B, and 1D) have been determined to perform different prominent functions in the physiological responses of the sympathetic nervous system. A high-throughput screening assay (HTS) was set up to detect α1-AR subtype-selective agonists by a dual-luciferase reporter assay in HEK293 cells. Using the HTS assay, two novel compounds, CHE3 and CHK3, were discovered as α1-ARs agonists in α1-ARs expressed in HEK293 cells. These compounds also showed moderate/weak anti-proliferative activities against tested cancer cell lines. The HTS assay proposed in this study represents a potential method for discovering more α1-AR subtype-selective ligands.
Effects of Drying Methods on Physicochemical and Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes from Litchi Pulp
Authors: Huang Fei , Guo Yajuan , Zhang Ruifen , Yi Yang , Deng Yuanyuan , Su Dongxiao , Zhang Mingwei
Published: August 2014

Dried litchi pulp has been used in traditional remedies in China for many years to treat various diseases, and the therapeutic activity has been, at least partly, attributed to the presence of bioactive polysaccharides. Polysaccharide-protein complexes from vacuum freeze-(VF), vacuum microwave-(VM) and heat pump (HP) dried litchi pulp, which were coded as LP-VF, LP-VM and LP-HP, were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties. LP-HP had a predominance of galactose, while glucose was the major sugar component in LP-VF and LP-VM. Compared with LP-VF and LP-VM, LP-HP contained more aspartate and glutamic in binding protein. LP-HP also exhibited a stronger stimulatory effect on splenocyte proliferation at 200 μg/mL and triggered higher NO, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from RAW264.7 macrophages. Different drying methods caused the difference in physicochemical properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from dried litchi pulp, which resulted in significantly different immunomodulatory activity. HP drying appears to be the best method for preparing litchi pulp to improve its immunomodulatory properties.
An Ultrasonic Contactless Sensor for Breathing Monitoring
Authors: Arlotto Philippe , Grimaldi Michel , Naeck Roomila , Ginoux Jean-Marc
Published: August 2014

The monitoring of human breathing activity during a long period has multiple fundamental applications in medicine. In breathing sleep disorders such as apnea, the diagnosis is based on events during which the person stops breathing for several periods during sleep. In polysomnography, the standard for sleep disordered breathing analysis, chest movement and airflow are used to monitor the respiratory activity. However, this method has serious drawbacks. Indeed, as the subject should sleep overnight in a laboratory and because of sensors being in direct contact with him, artifacts modifying sleep quality are often observed. This work investigates an analysis of the viability of an ultrasonic device to quantify the breathing activity, without contact and without any perception by the subject. Based on a low power ultrasonic active source and transducer, the device measures the frequency shift produced by the velocity difference between the exhaled air flow and the ambient environment, i.e., the Doppler effect. After acquisition and digitization, a specific signal processing is applied to separate the effects of breath from those due to subject movements from the Doppler signal. The distance between the source and the sensor, about 50 cm, and the use of ultrasound frequency well above audible frequencies, 40 kHz, allow monitoring the breathing activity without any perception by the subject, and therefore without any modification of the sleep quality which is very important for sleep disorders diagnostic applications. This work is patented (patent pending 2013-7-31 number FR.13/57569).
A Kalman Filter-Based Short Baseline RTK Algorithm for Single-Frequency Combination of GPS and BDS
Authors: Zhao Sihao , Cui Xiaowei , Guan Feng , Lu Mingquan
Published: August 2014

The emerging Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) offer more visible satellites for positioning users. To employ those new satellites in a real-time kinematic (RTK) algorithm to enhance positioning precision and availability, a data processing model for the dual constellation of GPS and BDS is proposed and analyzed. A Kalman filter-based algorithm is developed to estimate the float ambiguities for short baseline scenarios. The entire work process of the high-precision algorithm based on the proposed model is deeply investigated in detail. The model is validated with real GPS and BDS data recorded from one zero and two short baseline experiments. Results show that the proposed algorithm can generate fixed baseline output with the same precision level as that of either a single GPS or BDS RTK algorithm. The significantly improved fixed rate and time to first fix of the proposed method demonstrates a better availability and effectiveness on processing multi-GNSSs.
Policy Perspectives on Occupational Stress
Authors: O'Keefe Louise C. , Brown Kathleen C. , Christian Becky J.
Published: August 2014

Occupational stress is a major physical and mental hazard for many workers and has been found to contribute to cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, mood disturbances, workplace injuries, and mental health problems. Health care utilization related to these physical and mental health problems costs employers billions of dollars annually. To combat this problem, employers should adopt a preventive approach and institute organizational and administrative changes that require the participation of both management and workers. This article reviews policies that could impact the quality of work life and influence organizational changes needed to achieve occupational health and safety. Occupational health nurses play a vital role in designing and implementing policies to improve work environments and reduce occupational stress.
Types de gisements minéraux du Canada : un bref exposé géologique
Authors: Eckstrand O R
Published: August 2014

Summaries of the main geological characteristics of 40 Canadian mineral deposit types are presented in a systematic format. About one half of these deposit types account for the bulk of Canadian metal and industrial mineral production. The definition of a mineral
deposit type is based on recognition of a group of deposits whose geological features are sufficiently similar that they suggest a common genesis, whether or not the genesis is well understood. The summaries list contained commodities and names of example deposits, and outline economic significance,
typical size and grade of orebodies, geological setting, host rocks, associated rocks, form and distribution of mineralization, minerals present, age, genetic models, and guides to exploration. A selected bibliography provides an introduction to the relevant literature.
The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Hemlo Gold Deposit, Ontario
Authors: Harris D C
Published: August 2014

The Hemlo gold deposit, discovered in 1982, is located near the northeast shore of Lake Superior, 35 km east of Marathon, Ontario, adjacent to Trans-Canada Highway i7. The deposit is of Archean age and occurs at the contact of felsic metavolcanics and pelitic
metasediments. it consists of several mineralized zones, of which the main zone extends for a length of 2900 m, for a distance of 2500 m down-dip and ranges in thickness ji·om 3 to 45 m. This zone contains at least 80 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 7. 7 glt Au. Three properties
covering portions of the deposit are in production, i.e. from east to west, the David Bell mine, the Golden Giant mine and the Page-Williams mine. The gold ore is substantially enriched in Mo, V, As, Sb, Hg, Tl and Ba and contains a diverse assemblage of minerals. A total of 8i minerals have been
identified in the deposit, of which three are new species, named criddleite, vaughanite and hemloite. Also, the Hemlo deposit is the first Canadian locality for several other minerals. Native gold is the principal gold mineral. it occurs as free grains, between 1 and 20 J1m, in gangue and is
mercury-rich, with as much as 26.9 wt. % Hg. The ore zone is pyrite-rich and is characterized by the presence ofmolybdenite, green vanadian muscovite, a V-Sb-W-bearing rutile. barian microcline and in places, major barite. The principal mercury minerals, cinnabar and aktashite; the thallium
minerals routhierite and parapierrotite and the arsenic mineral realgar are restricted to the central portion of the deposit. Telluride minerals are rare. Other common ore minerals are stibnite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, mercury-bearing sphalerite (up to 29.5 wt.% Hg), several sulphosalts of the
lead sulphantimonide variety and arsenopyrite. Tomichite, a rare oxide mineral previously known only in the "green leader" gold lodes at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia is a spar~e mineral in the ore. Barite is a major constituent in both the Golden Giant and Page-Williams orebodies, with some
parts containing up to 70%. In some barite-rich sections, angular fragments of ore are contained within the baritic matrix and only where sufficient ore fragments are present is the rock of ore grade. Barian microcline is the second major barium mineral. Potassic alteration is evident throughout
the deposit and has produced abundant barian microcline, and white mica that is most abundant in the felsic rocks, but which is also developed in the sedimentary rocks adjacent to the ore. Structural studies by other investigators have suggested that the gold-bearing rocks occupy the most intensely
deformed, central portion of a large scale, wide ductile zone of oblique thrusting closely related to the Lake Superior shear. The ore minerals were formed from hydrothermal fluids that may in part be related to the shear zone.
Changing trends in plastic surgery training
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar
Published: August 2014

Background: The currently available training models are being put to scrutiny in India today, both by the residents and the teachers. Plastic surgery specialty was created primarily for reconstructive purposes but the society always perceived it from a cosmetic angle, particularly in the post second world war era. As a result, there is a need to redefine the goals of plastic surgery training in the present times so that the plastic surgeon is ‘future ready’ to meet the needs of society and the market forces. Materials and Methods: The author has reviewed the currently available literature on plastic surgery training from India and the western countries. An attempt has been made to study opinions from the teachers and the trainees. The modules currently available in India and abroad have been analyzed and a suggestion has been made for drafting training programs that would meet the demands of the society as well as prepare the resident both for the aesthetic and reconstructive practice. Conclusions: The plastic surgery training needs to be more vibrant and in tune with the changing times. While maintaining its core nature, the current predominantly reconstructive modules need to incorporate the aesthetic content. The evaluation should be both knowledge and competence based. The teachers need to be educated in the various teaching methods that are more applicable to grown up residents. There is a need to find ways to attract talented people in the academic plastic surgery.
Effect of limited access dressing on hydroxyproline and enzymatic antioxidant status in nonhealing chronic ulcers
Authors: Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli Muguregowda , Kumar Pramod , Udupa Padmanabha , Rao Pragna , Bhandary Siddhartha , Mahato Krishna Kumar , Sharan Anurag , Mayya Shreemathi S.
Published: August 2014

Background: Healing ability of nonhealing chronic ulcers can be assessed by estimating hydroxyproline, total protein and enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the granulation tissue. Materials and Method: A total of 34 patients were analysed from two groups: Limited access dressing (LAD) group (n = 17) and conventional dressing group (n = 17). Results: Patients treated with LAD that exerts combination of intermittent negative pressure and moist wound-healing had shown a significant increase in the hydroxyproline (P = 0.026), total protein (P = 0.004), GPx level (P = 0.030) and GST level (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Patients treated with LAD indicated significantly better anabolic effect on wound-healing compared to that of patients treated with conventional dressing.
Reconstruction of high voltage electric burn wound with exposed shoulder joint by thoracoacromial artery perforator propeller flap
Authors: Rout Debesh Kumar , Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan , Choudhury Arun Kumar , Pati Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2014

We describe the reconstruction of high voltage electric burn injury with exposed shoulder joint by thoracoacromial artery perforator propeller flap based on the delto-pectoral perforators of thoracoacromial artery. The successful use of this propeller flap to cover the exposed shoulder joint in a case with limited local flap options demonstrates its use as an alternative technique.
Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Impacted Teeth: Report of Two Unusual Cases
Authors: Azimi Somayyeh , Bagheri Fatemeh , Taheri Jamileh Bigom , Babaei Somayyeh
Published: August 2014

Supernumerary teeth refer to teeth in excess of the usual number. Most common supernumerary teeth are mesiodense, followed by supernumerary teeth in molar and premolar region. There is a male predilection, and maxilla is involved more frequently. Multiple supernumerary teeth are often found in relation to syndromes. Only a few case reports have reported nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth. Here, we report two unusual nonsyndromic cases with impact supernumerary teeth, the first case has five supernumerary premolars and the second has two unilateral fourth molars.

How to cite this article

Bagheri F, Taheri JB, Azimi S, Babaei S. Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Impacted Teeth: Report of Two Unusual Cases. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):127-128.
Physical changes within a large tropical hydroelectric reservoir induced by wintertime cold front activity
Authors: Curtarelli M. P. , Alcântara E. H. , Rennó C. D. , Stech J. L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We investigated the influence of wintertime cold front activity on the physical processes within a large tropical reservoir located in Brazil. The period chosen for this study consisted of 49 days between 28 April 2010 and 15 July 2010. This period was defined based on information from the Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), data collected in situ and the interpretation of remotely sensed images. To better understand the governing processes that drive changes in the heat balance, differential cooling and mixing dynamics, a simulation was performed that utilized a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model enforced with in situ and remote sensing data. The results showed that during a cold front passage over the reservoir, the sensible and latent heat fluxes were enhanced by approximately 77 and 16%, respectively. The reservoir's daily averaged heat loss was up to 167% higher on the days with cold front activity than on the days without activity. The cold front passage also intensified the differential cooling process; in some cases the difference between the water temperature of the littoral and pelagic zones reached up to 8 °C. The occurrence of cold front passages impacted the diurnal mixed layer (DML), by increasing the turbulent energy input (∼54%) and the DML depth (∼41%). Our results indicate that the cold front events are one of the main meteorological disturbances driving the physical processes within hydroelectric reservoirs located in tropical South America during the wintertime. Hence, cold front activity over these aquatic systems has several implications for water quality and reservoir management in Brazil.
What Is the State of Blacks in Philosophy?
Authors: Botts Tina Fernandes , Bright Liam Kofi , Cherry Myisha , Mallarangeng Guntur , Spencer Quayshawn
Published: August 2014

This research note is meant to introduce into philosophical discussion the preliminary results of an empirical study on the state of blacks in philosophy, which is a joint effort of the American Philosophical Association's Committee on the Status of Black Philosophers (APA CSBP) and the Society of Young Black Philosophers (SYBP). The study is intended to settle factual issues in furtherance of contributing to dialogues surrounding at least two philosophical questions: What, if anything, is the philosophical value of demographic diversity in professional philosophy? And what is philosophy? The empirical goals of the study are (1) to identify and enumerate U.S. blacks in philosophy, (2) to determine the distribution of blacks in philosophy across career stages, (3) to determine correlates to the success of blacks in philosophy at different career stages, and (4) to compare and contrast results internally and externally to explain any career stage gaps and determine any other disparities.
Estudo de caso: prevenção de recaída para criança e adolescente enuréticos com remissão espontânea
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Fernando , Silvares Edwiges Ferreira de Mattos
Published: August 2014

A literatura aponta o tratamento comportamental com alarme como o mais eficaz para os casos de enurese noturna. Quando um procedimento comportamental adicional, como a superaprendizagem, é adicionado a este tratamento, as taxas de recaída são reduzidas. Neste procedimento há um gradual aumento de ingestão de água imediatamente antes de dormir. Possivelmente o maior controle obtido deve-se a essa combinação atuar tanto nos níveis plasmáticos de vasopressina como na capacidade funcional da bexiga. Os dois casos apresentados são de enuréticos que haviam adquirido o controle recentemente, mas suas famílias demandavam um atendimento para diminuir as chances de recaída. Utilizou-se, então, o alarme conjugado à superaprendizagem desde o início do atendimento, com a finalidade de se estabelecer um controle completo. No primeiro caso, de uma adolescente de dezoito anos, não houve molhadas durante o tratamento. No segundo, de um garoto de oito anos, as molhadas voltaram com a ingestão de líquido e tornaram a cessar, possivelmente por ter sido obtido um controle maior por parte da criança. Acredita-se que o procedimento descrito possa ser útil nos casos de crianças que deixaram recentemente de ser enuréticas ou não alcançam o critério para diagnóstico. Palavras-chave: enurese noturna; prevenção de recaída; superaprendizagem.
Condições afetivas e de relacionamento interpessoal em homens portadores de esquizofrenia em tratamento com haloperidol ou clozapina
Authors: Johann Rejane Veiga Oliveira , Vaz Cícero E.
Published: August 2014

Foi feito um estudo sobre condições afetivas e de relacionamento interpessoal de homens com diagnóstico prévio de esquizofrenia. Foram comparados os dados do Rorschach de dois grupos de participantes: Grupo 1, pacientes medicados com Haloperidol, (n=14); Grupo 2, medicados com Clozapina (n=16). Os grupos constituíram-se de homens com recidiva da doença, internações prévias, em tratamento psiquiátrico ambulatorial no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). A faixa etária variou entre 18 e 59 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Operational Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) para definição do diagnóstico prévio de esquizofrenia e assim incluir na amostra apenas sujeitos com esta patologia, e a escolha da Técnica de Rorschach por ser um instrumento capaz de fornecer elementos para avaliação das condições afetivas e do relacionamento interpessoal. Foi feita a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Bonferroni, com nível de significância de p ≤ 0.05, sobre os dados do Rorschach. Os resultados do Rorschach permitem concluir que os pacientes medicados com Clozapina apresentam indicativos de controle geral sobre seus impulsos e instintos, capacidade de reparação, capacidades afetivas e emocionais para estabelecer relacionamentos interpessoais. Já os pacientes medicados com Haloperidol apresentaram apenas indicativos de controle geral sobre seus impulsos e instintos.   Palavras-chave: Rorschach; esquizofrenia; medicação antipsicótica.
Adaptação do Questionário de Ruminação e Reflexão (QRR) para estudantes universitários brasileiros
Authors: Zanon Cristian , Teixeira Marco Antônio Pereira
Published: August 2014

A autoconsciência privada, ou a tendência de um indivíduo para refletir sobre seus pensamentos, motivações, sentimentos e outros aspectos privados da experiência pessoal do si mesmo tem sido muito estudada nas últimas décadas. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo adaptar o Questionário de Ruminação e Reflexão para estudantes universitários brasileiros, obtendo evidências de validade fatorial e convergente. A versão original em inglês foi traduzida e aplicada a 296 universitários. Uma análise de componentes principais indicou a presença de 2 componentes mais relevantes, correspondendo às dimensões de ruminação e reflexão. Os índices de consistência interna obtidos para ambas as escalas foi de 0,87. Conforme esperado, a ruminação correlacionou-se positivamente com neuroticismo e negativamente com auto-estima. Por sua vez, a reflexão correlacionou-se positivamente com abertura à experiência. Conclui-se que o instrumento adaptado apresenta validade fatorial e convergente satisfatórias (além de excelente fidedignidade), podendo ser utilizado em futuras pesquisas.Palavras-chave: autoconsciência; traço de personalidade; escala; psicometria.