bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive models for estimating the sugar content and organic acids in processed mangoes based on the initial content
Authors: Chin Lyda , Servent Adrien , Hor Sivmey , Mith Hasika , Bugaud Christophe
Published: September 2024

The quality of processed products can be adversely affected by uncontrollable batches of mangoes, which exhibit heterogeneous characteristics. This study aimed to establish predictive models for sugar and organic acid contents (dependent variables) in processed products using the initial compositions of fresh mangoes. Three mango cultivars (cv. ‘Kent’, cv. ‘Keo Romeat’, and cv. ‘Keo Chen’) were classified as low‐density and high‐density groups. Each group of mangoes at the green‐mature, mid‐ripe, and ripe stages was processed into pasteurised purees, dried slices, and mango chips. Prediction models were established using a mix of simple linear regression (SLR) based on the initial content and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify the impact of qualitative variables (ripening stage, cultivar‐density, and processing technique). In processed mangoes, 13% sucrose content was estimated to accumulate with the three qualitative variables, whereas glucose and fructose contents decreased from their initial levels by 10% and 7%, respectively. Processing techniques can predict the ratio of sugars/acids (S/A) in processed products, regardless of the ripening stage or cultivar‐density. Similar to S/A, citric acid and malic acid contents in mango products were significantly increased by processing techniques. The initial content and processes were insufficient to predict the final contents of the same parameters in processed mangoes; therefore, some models need to include the effects of ripening stage and cultivar‐density to improve the prediction. These relevant explanatory variables contributed significantly to the development of the models, resulting the accuracy of predictive models with normalised root mean square errors (NRMSEs) lower than 10%, except for malic acid (14.04%). In conclusion, it is feasible to estimate the sugar and acidity levels in processed mangoes, offering promising possibilities for ensuring consistent quality of mango‐based products.
Professional Quality of Life Among Mental Health Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lobo Runa , Kumar S. Pavan , TM Rofin
Published: September 2024

The professional quality of life (ProQOL) is increasingly applied to nurses and is a measure of the positive and negative aspects of their work. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in empirical studies. Electronic databases Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 7th February 2024, and the review followed PRISMA guidelines. The pooled estimate of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress mean scores using a random‐effects model for meta‐analyses was undertaken. R statistical software and the dmetar program were used to execute the analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistics, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's regression test. Twenty‐four studies (sample size = 4274) were systematically reviewed and 18 studies (n = 3163) were incorporated into the meta‐analysis. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction are found to be at moderate levels in this research. The qualitative analysis informs that variables such as healthy lifestyle, work environment and psychological resilience contribute towards optimum ProQOL scores. The pooled mean estimate was 32.79 (95% CI = 29.57–36) for compassion satisfaction, 24.99 (95% CI = 23.75–26.23) for burnout and 21.99 (95% CI = 18.93–25.06) for secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Mental health nurse managers need to address the factors in the work environment and promote interventions to enhance coping with burnout and STS. Subgroup analyses of country‐based economies & regions and years revealed significant results.
SEVERE CONTRACTED PELVIS APPEARING AFTER NORMAL DELIVERIES
Authors: Chaim W. , Alroi A. , Leiberman J. R. , Cohen A.
Published: September 2024

Three cases of contracted pelvis in Bedouin women, appearing after two and three previous normal vaginal deliveries, are presented. In these three cases cesarean section had to be performed to deliver the babies. A roentgen‐ray screening revealed osteomalacic pelves in all cases with typical pseudo‐fractures (Milkman) and Looser zones. Pelvic deformities of the osteomalacic type are considered rare medical curiosities, and elective cesarean section is usually indicated.

It has been found that Bedouins consume large quantities of “raghif”, an unleavened bread with high content of phytic acid, very similar to Indian “chapati”. Phytic acid impairs the absorption of calcium from the intestine by the precipitation of an amorphous calcium phytate and causes probably some interference with the action of vitamin D. Withdrawal of this alimentation improves the illness. There is emphasis on the fact that vaginal delivery is not granted from a pelvic point of view for multiparous women who have delivered normally in the past.

Bedouin women constitute a rather important fraction of the obstetric population admitted to our hospital, the only one in the Negev area. Almost 15 per cent of the deliveries in our Obstetrics Department belong to Bedouin women. The sudden appearance of three consecutive cases of contracted pelvis in which we had to perform cesarean section on women who had previously delivered vaginally at least twice, produced this investigation, whose interesting results we describe herewith.
SERUM LEVELS OF THE “PREGNANCY–ZONE PROTEIN” DURING SHORT‐TERM PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY
Authors: Teisner B. , Lange A. P. , Folkersen J. , Anthonsen H. , von Schoultz B. , Stigbrand T.
Published: September 2024

The serum concentration of the “Pregnancy Zone Protein” (PZP) was followed in 5 patients treated with dexamethasone (12 mg per day for 1 week) in the third trimester of pregnancy. The serum concentration of PZP was found to decrease significantly to an average of 58 per cent of the pretreatment levels.

The simultaneous change in serum estriol levels during treatment and other factors of possible importance for the serum concentration of PZP are discussed.
Does Periodontitis Increase the Risk for Future Cardiovascular Events? Long‐Term Follow‐Up of the PAROKRANK Study
Authors: Norhammar Anna , Näsman Per , Buhlin Kåre , de Faire Ulf , Ferrannini Giulia , Gustafsson Anders , Kjellström Barbro , Kvist Thomas , Jäghagen Eva Levring , Lindahl Bertil , Nygren Åke , Näslund Ulf , Svenungsson Elisabet , Klinge Björn , Rydén Lars ,   for the PAROKRANK Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim

The study ‘Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease’ (PAROKRANK) reported an association between periodontitis (PD) and the first myocardial infarction (MI). This follow‐up study aims to test the hypothesis that those with PD—compared to periodontally healthy individuals—are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events and death.

Methods

A total of 1587 participants (age <75 years; females 19%) had a dental examination including panoramic radiographs between 2010 and 2014. PD was categorized as healthy (≥80% alveolar bone height), mild/moderate (79%–66%) or severe (<66%). A composite CV event (first of all‐cause death, non‐fatal MI or stroke and hospitalization following to heart failure) was investigated during a mean follow‐up period of 9.9 years (range 0.2–12.5 years). Participants were divided into two groups: those with and without PD. The primary event rate, stratified by periodontal status at baseline, was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression.

Results

The number of events was 187 in the 985 periodontally healthy participants (19%) and 174 in the 602 participants with PD (29%; p < 0.0001). Those with PD had a higher likelihood for a future event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01–1.57; p = 0.038), following adjustment for age, smoking and diabetes.

Conclusion

The PAROKRANK follow‐up revealed that CV events were more common among participants with PD, which supports the assumption that there might be a direct relation between PD and CV disease.
Effects of Sophora flavescens dietary supplementation on the growth performance, haematological indices, and intestinal bacterial community of Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Lu Xin , Wu Yingrui , Peng Yinhui , Liu Wenjie , Liu Ming , Xu Peng , Tan Kianann , Liang Xueying , Cai Xiaohui , Gong Qingfang
Published: September 2024

Sophora flavescens is considered to be of various medicinal and economic importance. Previous studies have shown that it has antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune‐enhancing functions. To explore the full potential of S. flavescens in fish feed development, we investigated the effects of different levels of S. flavescens added to the diet on the growth performance, haematological indices, and the intestinal bacterial community of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feeding trial lasted for 56 days, and the initial weight of the fish was 40.00 ± 5.00 g. Nile tilapia were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (CN) and five S. flavescens supplementation groups (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16%, and 0.3% [w/w] of S. flavescens in diet). The growth performance of fish increased first and then decreased with the increase of S. flavescens supplemental level. Compared with other experimental groups, the growth performance of fish supplemented with 0.08% S. flavescens was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Haematological indices exhibited that erythrocyte (RBC), along with leucocyte (WBC) indices, exhibited a secondary trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of S. flavescens, reaching the highest level at 0.08% (p < 0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) exhibited a secondary trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of S. flavescens and reached the lowest value at 0.08% (p < 0.05). Compared with the CN, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) significantly decreased and changed when the additional amount of S. flavescens was 0.04% in each treatment group (p < 0.05). In another way, the gut microbial profiles revealed that Bacteroides dominated the gut communities, and compared with the control group, two uncultured bacteria were suppressed. In addition, when the supplemental level of S. flavescens was more significant than 0.04%, the proliferation of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Solibacillus silvestris, and Escherichia sp. in the gut of Nile tilapia was promoted. The results revealed that S. flavescens, as an additive to the Nile tilapia diet with levels ranging from 0.04% to 0.08%, can enhance the growth performance and immunity and promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria of Nile tilapia.
Local labor match and corporate investments: Evidence from new flight routes
Authors: Sabah Nasim , Thompson Linh
Published: September 2024

We exploit new flight connections from small cities to international airports as a quasi‐natural experiment to study the effects of local labor match on corporate investments. Using a cosine similarity of occupational makeups, we find that corporate investment rates are higher for firms with human capital profiles that are more similar to those of the local labor. The effects are more pronounced among financially constrained firms and less evident among firms with higher unionization membership and coverage. Firms with better local labor match are also more likely to downsize their employments when experiencing negative cash flow shocks. Collectively, our findings suggest that local labor match spurs corporate investments by lowering labor costs and increasing ex‐ante investment incentives.
Human papillomavirus self‐sampling and urine‐sampling tests and the management and short‐term outcomes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Matsuura Motoki , Tamate Masato , Nagao Sachiko , Akimoto Taishi , Kasuga Fukiko , Saito Kimihito , Shikanai Satoshi , Nishimura Yoko , Teramoto Mizue , Saito Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2024

Aim

The importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) co‐testing using physician‐, self‐, and urine‐collected samples to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1–2 prognoses has not been previously reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate outcomes of patients with CIN 1–2 who simultaneously underwent physician‐, self‐, and urine‐collection sampling tests.

Methods

This study was conducted in Japan between October 2019 and November 2022 and examined the proportion of cases with CIN 1–2 progressions, the percentage of cases with persistent CIN 1–2, and the outcome differences according to the results of physician‐, self‐, and urine‐sampling tests.

Results

There were 105 and 59 CIN 1 and 2 cases, respectively, with progression or persistence in 27 (29.3%) and 21 (50.0%) cases, respectively. The median follow‐up was 20 and 12 months, respectively. Progression and persistence of CIN 1 were significantly associated with HPV‐positive physician‐ and self‐collected samples. No significant difference was observed between cases with CIN 2 who had HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative results using any sampling method.

Conclusions

Physician‐ and self‐testing for HPV are crucial for predicting disease progression risk in CIN 1 cases. Future research with an extended observation period and consideration of the progression risks is warranted.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quillaja Saponin or Phytase on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Faecal Gas Emissions, and Carcass Grade in Growing‐Finishing Pigs
Authors: Li Tianxiang , Kim In Ho
Published: September 2024

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of Quillaja saponin (QS) or phytase (PHY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade in growing‐finishing pigs. A total of 72 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), each weighing 25.82 ± 1.68 kg, were selected and randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each group had six replicates, with four pigs per pen, and the allocation was based on the four initial body weight and sex of the pigs. They were randomly divided into the following three diet groups: the basal diet as a control (CON) group, the basal diet + 0.02% PHY; and the basal diet + 0.01% QS. The experiment period lasted for 110 days. The results of adding 0.01% QS to the basal diet of pigs show that it can significantly increase the body weight (BW) of growing‐finishing pigs on the 110th day (p < 0.05). QS can significantly increase the average daily weight gain (ADG) on Days 80–110 of the experiment (p < 0.05). QS can significantly increase the total average daily weight gain (TADG) of growing‐finishing pigs during the entire experimental period (p < 0.05) and has a tendency to improve the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate during the entire experimental period. However, QS has no significant effect on pig nutrient digestibility and carcass grade. In addition, we also found that QS has a tendency to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, adding 0.02% PHY to the basal diet of growing‐finishing pigs can only increase the TADG during the entire experimental period. Throughout the experiment, adding PHY to the diet had no significant impact on the nutrient digestibility, faecal gas emissions, and carcass grade of growing‐finishing pigs. In summary, adding QS to feed can significantly improve the growth performance of growing‐finishing pigs, and has a tendency to improve faecal gas emissions. PHY can only improve the growth performance of growing‐finishing pigs.
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on trigeminal‐mediated headshaking in 17 horses
Authors: Franzen Vanessa , Gruber Nina Alexandra , Klußmann Sven , Schoster Angelika , May Anna
Published: September 2024

Background

Trigeminal‐mediated headshaking is a neuropathic facial pain condition in horses. No treatment has been entirely successful. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used in human medicine as a treatment for various neuropathic pain conditions, and good results have been achieved in cases of trigeminal neuralgia.

Objectives

Apply rTMS to horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking (TMHS) and to evaluate tolerability, application of the setting, and success rate.

Animals

Seventeen horses with nonseasonal signs of TMHS.

Methods

Other underlying causes of headshaking were ruled out. The rTMS was performed under standing sedation on 5 consecutive days applying 3 sets of 500 stimulations each, with a stimulation strength of 5 Hz. Horses were evaluated on Day 1 (t0) and Day 5 (t1) of the treatment and 2 (t2) and 4 weeks (t3) afterwards using a special scoring system.

Results

The rTMS was well tolerated. Headshaking signs during exercise were decreased by 70% (Day 5; t1). Four weeks after rTMS, signs were still decreased (mean reduction of 50%) during exercise. Improvement of mean resting and exercise scores was significant (P < .05) and effect sizes between pretreatment and all time points after treatment (t1, t2, t3) were large (>±0.8).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising treatment for neuropathic pain and headshaking in affected horses. Pain‐free periods after treatment differ individually, and repeated treatment may be necessary. More studies should be performed to determine ideal settings for horses.
Show me the evidence to guide nutrition practice: Scoping review of macronutrient dietary treatments after metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Parrott Julie M. , Benson‐Davies Sue , O'Kane Mary , Sherf‐Dagan Shiri , Ben‐Porat Tair , Arcone Violeta Moizé , Faria Silvia Leite , Parrott J. Scott
Published: September 2024

Background

Clinical practice recommendations for macronutrient intake in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) are insufficiently grounded in the research, possibly due to a paucity of research in key areas necessary to support macronutrient recommendations. An initial scoping review, prior to any systematic review, was determined to be vital.

Objectives

To identify topical areas in macronutrients and MBS with a sufficient evidence base to guide nutrition recommendations.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase were initially searched in January 2019 (updated November 1, 2023) with terms encompassing current bariatric surgeries and macronutrients. Out of 757 records identified, 98 were included. A template was created. Five types of outcomes were identified for extraction: dietary intake, anthropometrics, adverse symptoms, health, and metabolic outcomes. All stages of screening and extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors and disagreements were resolved via team discussion. Macronutrient‐related dietary treatments were classified as either innovative or standard of care. Descriptions of dietary arms were extracted in detail for a qualitatively generated typology of dietary or nutritional treatments. Heatmaps (treatments by outcomes) were produced to identify promising topics for further systematic analyses.

Results

We identified protein supplementation and “food‐focused” (e.g., portion‐controlled meals, particular foods in the diet, etc.) topical areas in MBS nutrition care with potentially sufficient evidence to create specific MBS Macronutrients guidelines and identified topical areas with little research.

Conclusions

Clinical practice regarding macronutrient intake remains guided by consensus and indirect evidence. We detail ways that leadership at the profession level may remedy this.
Genome‐wide association analysis identifies candidates of three bulb traits in garlic
Authors: Li Fu , Wang Yanzhou , Mostafa Hassan H. A. , Wang Taotao , Zhu Siyuan , Yuan Meng , Gao Song , Liu Touming
Published: September 2024

Garlic bulbs generally possess several swelling cloves, and the swelling degree of the bulbs determines its yield and appearance quality. However, the genetic basis underlying bulb traits remains poorly known. To address this issue, we performed a genome‐wide association analysis for three bulb traits: bulb weight, diameter, and height. It resulted in the identification of 51 significant associated signals from 38 genomic regions. Twelve genes from the associated regions, whose transcript abundances in the developmental bulb showed significant correlations with the investigated traits in 81 garlic accessions, were considered the candidates of the corresponding locus. We focused on five of these candidates and their variations and revealed that the promoter variations of fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase‐encoding Asa8G05696.1 and beta‐fructofuranosidase‐encoding Asa6G01167.1 are responsible for the functional diversity of these two genes in garlic population. Interestingly, our results revealed that all candidates we focused on experienced a degree of selection during garlic evolutionary history, and different genotypes of them were retained in two China‐cultivated garlic groups. Taken together, these results suggest a potential involvement of those candidates in the parallel evolution of garlic bulb organs in two China‐cultivated garlic groups. This study provides important insights into the genetic basis of garlic bulb traits and their evolution.
Beyond the stethoscope: ageism in white coats and resident physicians' preferences for elderly patient care
Authors: Uzun Süleyman Utku , Akın Merve
Published: September 2024

Background

The global increase in life expectancy has significantly raised the elderly population. In Türkiye, the proportion of individuals aged 65 and over rose from 8.8% in 2018 to 10.2% in 2023. This demographic shift necessitates the planning of social and health services for the elderly. Ageism affects elderly health negatively and is prevalent in healthcare settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ageism among resident physicians at Pamukkale University Hospital and identify factors influencing their preferences for providing healthcare to elderly patients.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at Pamukkale University Hospital between 6 June and 16 June, 2024. A total of 448 resident physicians were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information, factors affecting ageism, and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA). Descriptive statistics, Chi‐square tests, and logistic regression were used to evaluate factors influencing healthcare preferences.

Results

The FSA score averaged 71.89 ± 7.87, indicating a 20.1% (95% CI:16.48–24.10) prevalence of age discrimination among resident physicians. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.519, P = 0.042), those with moderate to very poor perceived knowledge of elderly health (OR = 2.418, P < 0.001), and higher FSA scores (OR = 1.046, P < 0.001) were more likely to prefer not providing healthcare services to elderly patients.

Conclusions

Ageism among resident physicians is prevalent, impacting their willingness to provide care to elderly patients. Gender, perceived knowledge, and ageist attitudes influence their preferences for providing healthcare to elderly patients. Addressing these factors is crucial for improving healthcare services for the elderly.
G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Inhibition Induces Meiotic Arrest by Disturbing Ca2+ Release in Porcine Oocytes
Authors: Kim Ji‐Dam , Lee Song‐Hee , Li Xiao‐Han , Lu Qin‐Yue , Zhan Cheng‐Lin , Lee Gyu‐Hyun , Sim Jae‐Min , Song Hyeon‐Ji , Zhou Dongjie , Cui Xiang‐Shun
Published: September 2024

G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) interacts with Gβγ and Gαq, subunits of G‐protein alpha, to regulate cell signalling. The second messenger inositol trisphosphate, produced by activated Gαq, promotes calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates maturation‐promoting factor (MPF) activity. This study aimed to investigate the role of GRK2 in MPF activity during the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. A specific inhibitor of GRK2 (βi) was used in this study. The present study showed that GRK2 inhibition increased the percentage of oocyte arrest at the metaphase I (MI) stage (control: 13.84 ± 0.95%; βi: 31.30 ± 4.18%), which resulted in the reduction of the maturation rate (control: 80.36 ± 1.94%; βi: 65.40 ± 1.14%). The level of phospho‐GRK2 decreased in the treated group, suggesting that GRK2 activity was reduced upon GRK2 inhibition. Furthermore, the addition of βi decreased Ca2+ release from the ER. The protein levels of cyclin B and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 were higher in the treatment group than those in the control group, indicating that GRK2 inhibition prevented a decrease in MPF activity. Collectively, GRK2 inhibition induced meiotic arrest at the MI stage in porcine oocytes by preventing a decrease in MPF activity, suggesting that GRK2 is essential for oocyte meiotic maturation in pigs.
The Effect of the Covid‐19 Pandemic on Inequality
Authors: Meyer Peter B. , Piacentini Joe , Frazis Harley , Schultz Michael , Sveikauskas Leo
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the economic literature on how the COVID‐19 pandemic and responses to it affected income inequality throughout the world. Inequality had been rising long before the pandemic. The COVID shock affected employment, income, and education differently for various occupations and population groups. The pandemic initially disrupted lower‐paid, service‐sector employment, particularly affecting women and lower‐income groups. Government policies in response to the pandemic mitigated income losses. School and day‐care closures disrupted the work of parents, especially mothers. These effects have generally ended. Lasting changes in work patterns, consumer demand, and production will tend to benefit higher‐income groups and to erode opportunities for some less advantaged workers, increasing income inequality over the long run. Opportunities for remote work, especially for highly paid workers, have increased permanently. School disruptions have particularly affected lower‐income students, which will tend to increase inequality among future workers.
Trajectories of temperamental shyness and attention shifting in Chinese children and their relations to psychosocial adjustment at entry to elementary school
Authors: Xu Yiyuan , Zhang Lijin
Published: September 2024

This study examined the relations between trajectories of temperamental shyness and attention shifting in Chinese children, the heterogeneity in these trajectories, and how psychosocial adjustment at entry to elementary school varied depending on different trajectories. The participants of 2009 and 2010 cohorts (N = 268, 51% male; Mage = 3.68 years at T1) were recruited from Yinchuan, China. On average, temperamental shyness declined and attention shifting increased over a 4‐year span from preschool to the first grade, with a negative relation between the two linear slopes, and substantial heterogeneity found in both trajectories. Children characterized by High‐Fluctuating temperamental shyness and Low‐Stable attention shifting trajectories adjusted worse than other children when they entered elementary school. The findings provide preliminary support for the top‐down model of attention shifting in the development of temperamental shyness in the Chinese context.
Trust in Implementing Institutions, Ecological Behavior and Decentralized Environmental Governance: The Case of Switzerland
Authors: Levis Alessio , Smith E. Keith
Published: September 2024

Trust in political institutions has been found to shape individual ecological behaviors and attitudes. In this paper, we investigate trust in implementing government institutions (e.g., public administration). Heightened trust in implementing institutions is theorized to support overcoming environmental social dilemmas, enabling concerned individuals to engage in ecological behaviors. Further, as environmental policies are implemented across levels of government, decomposing trust perceptions in local, regional, and national agencies is crucial. Utilizing survey data from Switzerland, we find that trust in implementing institutions increases ecological behaviors and pro‐environmental attitudes. Further, trusting implementing institutions can help overcome barriers to action, particularly amongst individuals with lower levels of concern. Lastly, we find that the role of trust can differ by level of government and ecological behaviors and attitudes. These findings support research on the moderating role of trust in the concern‐behavior gap, exploring new conceptualizations across levels of government and measures of policy support.
The Impact of Institutional and Financial Constraints on Party Behaviour in Local Politics
Authors: Gross Martin , Nyhuis Dominic , Block Sebastian , Velimsky Jan A.
Published: September 2024

Political parties are not free to choose which issues to focus on in parliament. At the national level, it is mostly economic and societal problem pressures which impact parties' issue attention. In this paper, we argue that at lower levels of multilevel governance systems, parties are additionally limited by institutional and financial constraints beyond their decision‐making competencies, which should impact their issue attention. Based on a novel dataset of local parties' parliamentary questions regarding 19 policy areas in 35 German local councils between 2011 and 2020, we demonstrate the constraining effect of institutional and economic conditions on party behaviour: parties are aware of the institutional constraints and devote more attention to issues where municipalities have more legal leeway, but this effect is moderated by the financial constraints that local communities face.
Risk factors for red blood cell alloimmunization in patients with hematologic malignancy
Authors: Pattarakosol Pakthipa , Lorucharoen Nattarat , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Patients with hematologic malignancy have a higher risk of developing red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization which can delay blood transfusion. Information on the risk factors for alloimmunization in this group is still limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of RBC alloimmunization among these patients.

Materials and Methods

Electronic medical records of the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma from a tertiary care hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, demographic and transfusion history data of the included patients were analysed.

Results

Of the 983 patients with hematologic malignancy, 798 were included in the study. The prevalence of RBC alloantibodies in this population was 4.8% (38 patients). The alloimmunization rate of each subgroup was as followed: AML 9.1%, ALL 2.9%, MM 3.8% and lymphoma 2.5%. The most common alloantibodies were anti‐Mia, anti‐E and anti‐Lea. The majority (29/38, 76.3%) of alloimmunization had a single alloantibody. RBC autoantibody was detected in 10 patients. The detection of autoantibodies and having AML were independently associated with RBC alloimmunization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 13.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00–89.72, p = 0.007 and aOR 11.44, 95% CI 2.02–64.72, p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion

The prevalence of RBC alloimmunization in the patients with hematologic malignancy was 4.8%. The alloimmunization rate of the AML subgroup was higher than those of other hematologic malignancies. The detection of autoantibodies and the AML diagnosis were identified as potential risk factors for RBC alloimmunization.
The genome of Lupinus mutabilis: Evolution and genetics of an emerging bio‐based crop
Authors: Pancaldi Francesco , Gulisano Agata , Severing Edouard I. , van Kaauwen Martijn , Finkers Richard , Kodde Linda , Trindade Luisa M.
Published: September 2024

Lupinus mutabilis is an under‐domesticated legume species from the Andean region of South America. It belongs to the New World lupins clade, which groups several lupin species displaying large genetic variation and adaptability to highly different environments. L. mutabilis is attracting interest as a potential multipurpose crop to diversify the European supply of plant proteins, increase agricultural biodiversity, and fulfill bio‐based applications. This study reports the first high‐quality L. mutabilis genome assembly, which is also the first sequenced assembly of a New World lupin species. Through comparative genomics and phylogenetics, the evolution of L. mutabilis within legumes and lupins is described, highlighting both genomic similarities and patterns specific to L. mutabilis, potentially linked to environmental adaptations. Furthermore, the assembly was used to study the genetics underlying important traits for the establishment of L. mutabilis as a novel crop, including protein and quinolizidine alkaloids contents in seeds, genomic patterns of classic resistance genes, and genomic properties of L. mutabilis mycorrhiza‐related genes. These analyses pointed out copy number variation, differential genomic gene contexts, and gene family expansion through tandem duplications as likely important drivers of the genomic diversity observed for these traits between L. mutabilis and other lupins and legumes. Overall, the L. mutabilis genome assembly will be a valuable resource to conduct genetic research and enable genomic‐based breeding approaches to turn L. mutabilis into a multipurpose legume crop.
Local cone multipliers and Cauchy–Szegö projections in bounded symmetric domains
Authors: Ballesta Yagüe Fernando , Garrigós Gustavo
Published: September 2024

We show that the cone multiplier satisfies local ‐ bounds only in the trivial range . To do so, we suitably adapt to this setting the proof of Fefferman for the ball multiplier. As a consequence we answer negatively a question by Békollé and Bonami, regarding the continuity from of the Cauchy–Szegö projections associated with a class of bounded symmetric domains in with rank .
Cluster realisations of ıquantum$\imath {\rm quantum}$ groups of type AI
Authors: Song Jinfeng
Published: September 2024

The group of type is a coideal subalgebra of the quantum group , associated with the symmetric pair . In this paper, we give a cluster realisation of the algebra . Under such a realisation, we give cluster interpretations of some fundamental constructions of , including braid group symmetries, the coideal structure and the action of a Coxeter element. Along the way, we study a (rescaled) integral form of , which is compatible with our cluster realisation. We show that this integral form is invariant under braid group symmetries, and construct the Poincare‐Birkhoff‐Witt (PBW)‐bases for the integral form.
СИГНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ КАК ФАКТОРЫ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ: РОДАНИНЫ И МИШЕНИ КИНАЗЫ ГЛИКОГЕНСИНТАЗЫ 3β
Authors: Еримбетов К.Т. , Антипова Ю.Е.
Published: September 2024

В последние годы проводятся интенсивные исследования в области синтеза сигнальных молекул, выполняющих важную роль в регуляции метаболизма и развитии патологических процессов в животном организме. Одной из наиболее важных и представляющих интерес киназ, участвующих в регуляции процессов метаболизма, клеточной пролиферации, апоптоза, клеточного цикла, эмбриогенеза, нейротрансмиссии, нейродегенерации, синаптической пластичности является киназа гликогенсинтаза 3β (GSK-3β). Особое положение GSK-3β в регуляции клеточных функций связано с тем, что она влияет на активность более 50 белков и зависит от большого количества внеклеточных сигнальных стимулов. С учётом широкого спектра действия, GSK-3β оценивается как перспективная мишень для разработки биологически активных соединений, диагностических систем и лекарственных средств в медико-биологических технологиях. В настоящее время особенно перспективными считаются роданины, в частности 3-(2-фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-он, для которого установлено ингибирующее действие в отношении GSK-3β (IC50 - 35 мкМ), и на его основе можно разрабатывать новые эффективные лекарственные средства для медицинского и ветеринарного применения. Соединение 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-он имеет характеристики: эмпирическую формулу - С11Н11NOS2; молекулярную массу - 237,30; температуру плавления в пределах 110 ºС - 112 ºС.
На основе фармакологически активного соединения 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-он нами впервые был создан клатратный комплекс 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-она с β-циклодекстрином. Клатратный комплекс 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-она с β-циклодекстрином при массовом соотношении 1:5 был получен в виде порошка белого с желтым оттенком цвета и имел средний размер частиц равный 40,5 нм, при этом размер частиц был в пределах от 15 до 90 нм.
У клатратного комплекса 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-она с β-циклодекстрином выявили антипролиферативные, антиметастатические свойства в отношении опухолевых клеток с гиперэкспрессией GSK3β. Полученные нами данные позволяют рекомендовать на дальнейшие исследования 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-он в виде клатратного комплекса с β-циклодекстрином в качестве средства для лечения онкологических заболеваний, вызванных гиперэкспрессией серин/треониновой киназы гликогенсинтазы 3β, и может применяться самостоятельно или в комбинированной терапии с другими противоопухолевыми средствами.
Также показано нами его свойство в качестве метаболического средства для коррекции нарушений обмена веществ, в том числе при сахарном диабете.
Обоснованием для практического применения клатратного комплекса 3-(2- фенилэтил)-2-тиоксо-1,3-тиазолидин-4-она с β-циклодекстрином в качестве противоопухолевого и метаболического средства является его физиологическая безопасность.
Big Micro-Electromechanical Systems for Thermal Measurement
Authors: He Haiyu , Wang Yuxi , Jiang Zhiyao , Song Bai
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of various micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) over the past few decades has served as a cornerstone for precisely probing thermal transport in a rich variety of nanomaterials and nanostructures, all the way down to single-walled carbon nanotubes and monolayer graphene. However, numerous materials that are macroscopic (millimeter scale and above) at least in one dimension, such as metal wires, carbon fibers, and polymer fibers/films, have remained largely inaccessible by MEMS-based experimental approaches. In light of the great fundamental and technological value of these materials, we propose the concept of “big-MEMS” here as an effort to fill this notable gap. The idea is to create macroscopic measurement devices through standard MEMS design and fabrication techniques. For demonstration, we present a novel process that enables silicon-based suspended heater/calorimeter devices of millimeter to centimeter dimensions to be fabricated reliably, reconfigurably, and at low cost. In particular, the beam thermal conductance of our big-MEMS devices can be tuned from around 1.1 to 0.2 mW/K. Combined with a temperature resolution down to about 20 μK, these devices are suitable for characterizing materials spanning a broad range of thermal conductivity. As an example, the thermal conductivity of platinum wires with a diameter of 20 μm and lengths up to 3.5 mm are measured. Moreover, intriguing transport phenomena such as divergent thermal conductivity in low-dimensional materials and heat flow mediated by surface polaritons can be explored considering their inherent need for multiscale analysis. In principle, our concept of big-MEMS can also be applied to the study of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, charge transport, and beyond.
Thickened Flame Model Extension for Dual Gas Turbine Combustion: Validation Against Single Cup Atmospheric Test
Authors: Meloni R. , Babazzi G. , Giannini N. , Castellani S. , Nassini P. C. , Picchi A. , Galeotti S. , Becchi R. , Andreini A.
Published: September 2024

The development of predictive combustion models is more and more strategic in the design definition of gas turbine (GT) combustor. The thickened flame model (TFM), despite its high computational cost, is one of the most accurate approach available in literature since it can naturally take into account the nonequilibrium effects into the flame brush (i.e., strain and heat losses) as well as preferential diffusion when hydrogen is employed. Conversely, the original formulation of this combustion model needs several adjustments to accommodate the properties of the mixture when different streams of fuels and/or oxidizers are present in the system. The present work represents a first step in the extension of this combustion model to handle multiple streams of fuels and oxidizers. More specifically, an industrial burner fed with two different fuel streams and air as oxidizer is considered. The pilot fuel line is fed with microhydrogen injections with the aim to enhance the lean blow-out margin, while the main one is with pure methane. Dedicated tests are performed at the Technology for High Temperature laboratory (University of Florence) to retrieve the main information characterizing the burner (emissions, temperature, and pressure pulsations) as well as OH* chemiluminescence for the flame shape and position at the same operating conditions. The comparison between the numerical results and the experimental data will provide highlights about the ability of the extended-TFM to capture the main features of the flame stabilization mechanisms.
Insights Into the Role of Anti-Counter Rotating Vortices on Film Cooling Efficiency
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Mishra Debi Prasad
Published: September 2024

Cooling techniques are extensively employed to protect turbine components from damage due to extremely high operating temperatures. Despite the availability of multiple cooling geometries, the focus is on investigating the thermal and flow characteristics of cylindrical and fan-shaped injection hole designs. Using a realizable k–ε model, we compare the thermal and flow characteristics of these geometries under identical operating conditions. The research analyzes the impact of vortex interactions and momentum flux ratio on overall (area-averaged) film cooling effectiveness. The study explores the flow structure, vortex interactions, and the effects of blowing ratio (BR = 0.2–2.0) and momentum flux ratio (MR = 0.3–3.5) on film cooling. Additionally, the formation and dynamics of the anti-counter rotating vortex pair (anti-CRVP) in a fan-shaped arrangement are elucidated. The findings indicate that in the fan-shaped case, jet core length is important for enhancing cooling performance. The formation of distinct vortices, such as anti-CRVPs, at higher BRs significantly improves cooling by delaying flow separation. The favorable impact of the anti-CRVP is most pronounced at higher BRs in the fan-shaped configuration. This study also reveals that the geometrical shape of the cooling holes greatly affects the overall film cooling effectiveness, which improves with increasing BR and MR for fan-shaped holes.
The Effect of a Synthetic-Grass Sport Surface on Physiology and Perception During Intermittent Exercise in Hot Conditions
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Bennett Kyle J.M. , McGuigan Hannah , Goddard Scott G. , Stevens Christopher J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to determine the effect of a synthetic-grass sport surface on core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during intermittent exercise in hot conditions. Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, 13 trained/developmental team-sport athletes completed two 50-minute standardized intermittent running protocols on a synthetic and a natural-grass surface, on separate days (control-condition air temperature 32.6 °C [1.3 °C], relative humidity 43.2% [5.3%]). Results: Final skin temperature was significantly higher on synthetic compared with natural grass at the calf (40.1 °C [2.5 °C] vs 33.4 °C [0.6 °C]; P < .001), shoulder (36.6 °C [1.7 °C] vs 33.7 °C [0.7 °C]; P < .001), and chest (33.2 °C [1.1 °C] vs 31.8 °C [1.2 °C]; P = .02). Thermal sensation (median: 2.3; interquartile range [0.5] vs 2.2 [0.5], P = .03) and sweat rate (1.5 [0.4] L·h−1 vs 1.2 [0.3] L·h−1; P = .02) were also significantly higher on synthetic grass. While final core body temperature was significantly higher on the natural than synthetic grass (38.4 °C [0.3 °C] vs 38.2 °C [0.4 °C]), there were no significant differences in delta core temperature, as well as heart rate, thermal comfort, or RPE. Conclusions: Higher skin temperatures, thermal sensation, and sweat rates suggest that exercising on synthetic grass in hot conditions may increase some markers of heat strain during exercise. However, delta core body temperature, heart rate, thermal comfort, and RPE remained unaffected.
Identifying Multicomponent Patterns and Correlates of Accelerometry-Assessed Physical Behaviors Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Authors: Evenson Kelly R. , Howard Annie Green , Wen Fang , Di Chongzhi , Lee I-Min
Published: September 2024

Understanding the simultaneous patterning of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior (physical behaviors) can inform targeted interventions. This cross-sectional study described multicomponent patterns and correlates of physical behaviors using accelerometry among diverse postmenopausal women. The Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration combined two United States-based cohorts of postmenopausal women with similar accelerometry protocols and measures. Women (n = 22,612) aged 62–97 years enrolled in the Women’s Health Study (n = 16,742) and the Women’s Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 5,870) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip for 1 week. Awake-time accelerometry data were summarized using the accelerometer activity index into sedentary behavior, light (low, high), and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Latent class analysis was used to classify physical behavior hour-by-hour. Five unique patterns were identified with higher total volume of physical activity and lower sedentary behavior with each successively higher class number based on percentage of the day in physical activity/sedentary behavior per hour over 7 days. The percentage assignment was 16.3% Class 1, 33.9% Class 2, 20.2% Class 3, 18.0% Class 4, and 11.7% Class 5. The median posterior probabilities ranged from 0.99 to 1.00. Younger age, higher education and general health, normal weight, never smokers, weekly drinking, and faster self-reported walking speed generally had higher-class assignments compared with their counterparts. History of diabetes and cardiovascular disease generally had lower-class assignments compared with those without these conditions. These results can inform targeted interventions based on common patterns of physical behaviors by time of day among postmenopausal women.
Sequential Decision Making in Beach Volleyball—A Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: Ittlinger Sandra , Lang Steffen , Link Daniel , Raab Markus
Published: September 2024

Which opponent player to sequentially serve to in beach volleyball is crucial given the advantage of the attacking team. The sequential choice theory was tested in three studies by analyzing allocation strategies based on the hot hand belief. Study 1 showed strong belief in the hot hand of national coaches. In Study 2, we analyzed Tokyo Olympics data to explore how base rates and sequential selection rates varied in an elite sample. When base rates of players differed by 0.25, low-performing players were frequently selected. In an experiment with elite athletes, Study 3A demonstrated accurate base-rate-difference recognition but low base-rate-change recognition. Study 3B found that the hot hand is believed to be important but is not often detected. We conclude that players and coaches follow predictions of the sequential choice theory and believe in the hot hand, but do not have a shared understanding of how to use it.