bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976
Authors: MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ALBERTO , CORTINA ORERO EUDALD
Published: July 2014

Using interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.
Plantigrade settlement of the musselMytilus coruscusin response to natural biofilms on different surfaces
Authors: Yang Jin-Long , Zhou Xuan , Li Yi-Feng , Guo Xing-Pan , Liang Xiao , Li Jia-Le
Published: July 2014

Surface properties affect the attachment of micro- and macroscopic marine organisms. The current study examined the settlement response of the musselMytilus coruscusplantigrades to natural biofilms formed on surfaces of different wettability. The percentages of plantigrade settlement were not influenced by the biofilms formed on variously wettable surfaces in the short term, but after 10 days, the plantigrade settlement rates decreased on biofilms formed on lower wettability surfaces. In general, lower wettability of the surfaces resulted in the decrease of the dry weight, bacterial and diatom density and the thickness of natural biofilms when compared to high wettability surfaces. In contrast, chlorophyll-aconcentration in biofilms was independent of the initial wettability of the surfaces. Comparative cluster analysis of bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns revealed that high variability existed between the bacterial community on high wettability surfaces and that on low wettability surfaces. Thus, surface wettability affects the formation of natural biofilms, and this variation in biofilms developed on different wettability surfaces may explain the discrepancy in their corresponding inducing activities onM. coruscusplantigrade settlement. This finding provides new insight into interactions between mussel settlement, biofilm characteristics and surface properties.
Protein trafficking in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells and impact of the expansion of exported protein families
Authors: PRAJAPATI SURENDRA K. , CULLETON RICHARD , SINGH OM P.
Published: July 2014

Erythrocytes are extensively remodelled by the malaria parasite following invasion of the cell. Plasmodium falciparum encodes numerous virulence-associated and host-cell remodelling proteins that are trafficked to the cytoplasm, the cell membrane and the surface of the infected erythrocyte. The export of soluble proteins relies on a sequence directing entry into the secretory pathways in addition to an export signal. The export signal consisting of five amino acids is termed the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) or the vacuole transport signal (VTS). Genome mining studies have revealed that PEXEL/VTS carrying protein families have expanded dramatically in P. falciparum compared with other malaria parasite species, possibly due to lineage-specific expansion linked to the unique requirements of P. falciparum for host-cell remodelling. The functional characterization of such genes and gene families may reveal potential drug targets that could inhibit protein trafficking in infected erythrocytes. This review highlights some of the recent advances and key knowledge gaps in protein trafficking pathways in P. falciparum-infected red cells and speculates on the impact of exported gene families in the trafficking pathway.
Impaired subjective well-being in schizophrenia is associated with reduced anterior cingulate activity during reward processing
Authors: Gilleen J. , Shergill S. S. , Kapur S.
Published: July 2014

Background

Patients with schizophrenia have substantially reduced subjective well-being (SW) compared to healthy individuals. It has been suggested that diminished SW may be related to deficits in the neural processing of reward but this has not been shown directly. We hypothesized that, in schizophrenia, lower SW would be associated with attenuated reward-related activation in the reward network.

Method

Twenty patients with schizophrenia with a range of SW underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reward task. The brain activity underlying reward anticipation and outcome in schizophrenia was examined and compared to that of 12 healthy participants using a full factorial analysis. Region of interest (ROI) analyses of areas within the reward network and whole-brain analyses were conducted to reveal neural correlates of SW.

Results

Reward-related neural activity in schizophrenia was not significantly different from that of healthy participants; however, the patients with schizophrenia showed significantly diminished SW. Both ROI and whole-brain analyses confirmed that SW scores in the patients correlated significantly with activity, specifically in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), during both reward anticipation and reward outcome. This association was not seen in the healthy participants.

Conclusions

In patients with schizophrenia, reduced activation of the dACC during multiple aspects of reward processing is associated with lower SW. As the dACC has been widely linked to coupling of reward and action, and the link to SW is apparent over anticipation and outcome, these findings suggest that SW deficits in schizophrenia may be attributable to reduced integration of environmental rewarding cues, motivated behaviour and reward outcome.
Implementation Technology for Localising a Group of Mobile Nodes in a Mobile Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yun Cho Seong
Published: July 2014

This paper addresses a simple implementation technology for localising a group of mobile nodes using the Peer-To-Peer (P2P) ranging measurements obtained from a Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN). In recent years, MWSN-based multi-target localisation technologies have been investigated with alacrity. However, it is difficult to implement P2P ranging and data transformation for multi-target localisation iteratively using single channel MWSN. Also, there are critical problems in the conventional localisation algorithms associated with the estimation errors owing to the erroneous linearization of a nonlinear range equation and bad relative locations of the reference nodes and target node. In this paper, very simple P2P ranging and connection data sharing procedures that can be easily implemented in single channel MWSN are established. Moreover, an adaptive localisation algorithm is presented to reduce the estimation errors that may occur in the conventional localisation algorithms. To verify the performance of the presented implementation technology, a localisation system prototype is developed and the presented procedures and algorithm are embedded in the prototype. Through actual experiments, the validity of the localisation system containing the proposed procedures and algorithm is demonstrated.
Characterisation of GNSS Space Service Volume
Authors: Jing Shuai , Zhan Xingqun , Lu Jun , Feng Shaojun , Ochieng Washington Y.
Published: July 2014

There is increasing demand for navigation capability for space vehicles. The idea to extend the application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) from terrestrial to space applications by the use of main beam and side lobe signals has been shown to be feasible. In order to understand the performance and the potential space applications GNSS can support, this paper characterises the Space Service Volume (SSV) in terms of the four parameters of minimum received power, satellite visibility, pseudorange accuracy and Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP). This new definition enables the position errors to be estimated. An analytical methodology is proposed to characterise minimum received power for the worst location. Satellite visibility and GDOP are assessed based on grid points at different height layers (to capture the relationship between height and visibility) for single and multiple GNSS constellations, the former represented by BeiDou III (BDS III) and the latter, BDS III in various combinations with GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO. Additional simulation shows that GNSS can potentially support lunar exploration spacecraft at the Earth phasing orbit. This initial assessment of SSV shows the potential of GNSS for space vehicle navigation.
On the existence of a solution for an adsorption dynamic model with the Langmuir isotherm
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ J. R. , MUÑIZ M. C. , NÚÑEZ C.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we study an adsorption model arising in the dynamics of several surfactants at the air-water interface, where the Langmuir isotherm is employed for modelling the time-dependent surface concentration, providing a nonlinear dynamical boundary condition. Existence of a weak solution is proved by using the Rothe method for a semi-discrete problem in time. After obtaining some a priori estimates and passing to the limit in the time discretization parameter, we conclude that the original Langmuir problem has a bounded solution. An uniqueness result is also given.
Ultrastructural characterization of in vivo-produced ovine morulae and blastocysts
Authors: Bettencourt E.M.V. , Bettencourt C.M.V. , e Silva J.N. Chagas , Ferreira P. , Oliveira E. , Romão R. , Rocha A. , Sousa M.
Published: July 2014

The ultrastructure of in vivo-produced ovine embryos, at the morula, early blastocyst and late blastocyst stages, was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Embryonic cells were characterized by the presence of intact intercellular junctions, numerous mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and light vesicles. Polyribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, secondary lysosomes, Golgi complexes and lipid droplets were also observed in the cytoplasm. The nucleus was well defined and organized, with an intact envelope rich in nuclear pore complexes, and one or more reticular nucleoli. Microvilli were present in external blastomeres of morulae and became more abundant in trophectoderm cells of early and late blastocysts. Light vesicles seemed to be associated with small cisternae of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum origin. These cisternae fused and created light vesicles with engulfed heterogeneous cytosolic structures, small cisternae and vesicles. Their labile membrane enabled them to rapidly coalesce into medium-sized vesicles that began to engulf mitochondria and lipid droplets, forming giant vacuoles mostly filled with fat. Incomplete matured secretory vesicles were observed to exocytose into the perivitelline space of morulae, whereas fully matured secretory vesicles appeared only in trophectoderm cells, being exocytosed into the blastocoelic cavity. These observations suggested that these endoplasmic-/Golgi-derived vesicles behave as active autophagic organelles presenting probably a maturation process from compact morulae to blastocyst.
Progressive aneurysmal dilation of coronary arterial fistula after transcatheter closure: successfully treated by a second occlusion device
Authors: Promphan Worakan , Prachasilchai Pimpak , Qureshi Shakeel A.
Published: July 2014

We report on a 6-year-old boy with a huge right coronary artery to the right ventricle fistula, who had previously been treated by device closure at the right ventricular exit point. However, 3 years later, the right coronary artery aneurysm showed progressively dilation and compressed the right ventricle. To prevent further complications related to the aneurysm, the proximal part of the aneurysm was successfully occluded by a vascular plug.
Relationship between 24 h urinary potassium and diet quality in the adult Spanish population
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Elena , Ortega Rosa M , Andrés Carvajales Pedro , González-Rodríguez Liliana G
Published: July 2014

Objective

To study the relationship between diet quality and 24 h urinary K excretion.

Design

K was measured in 24 h urine samples, while diet was studied using a 24 h recall method over two consecutive days. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The body weight, height and body composition of all participants were recorded, and the BMI of each calculated.

Setting

Representative members of the adult Spanish population from the FANPE Study (‘Fuentes Alimentarias de Nutrientes en Población Española’; Dietary Sources of Nutrients in the Spanish Population).

Subjects

The final sample size was 329 participants aged 18–60 years.

Results

Participants with a 24 h urinary K excretion ≥93 mmol/d (group AP = adequate potassium) had greater self-reported K intakes, consumed more fruit and vegetables, had a more varied diet and had better HEI scores than those with a 24 h urinary K excretion <93 mmol/d (group IP = inadequate potassium). A significant positive correlation was seen between 24 h urinary K and dietary variety and the number of servings of fruits, vegetables and dairy products consumed, and between each of these and the HEI after correcting for age, sex, BMI, coefficient of activity, energy intake and the under-reporting of energy intake. AP participants were less likely to have an inadequate diet (HEI score <50) than IP participants (OR =0·439; 95 % CI 0·201, 0·961;P=0·039).

Conclusions

Diet quality, measured by the HEI, is correlated with 24 h urinary K excretion in Spanish adults.
Primary healthcare nurses’ experiences of physical activity referrals: an interview study
Authors: Bohman Doris M. , Mattsson Linda , Borglin Gunilla
Published: July 2014

Aim

The aim of this study is to illuminate primary health care (PHC) nurses’ experiences of physical activity referrals (PARs).

Background

Despite extensive knowledge about the substantial health effects physical activities can produce, fewer and fewer people in our modern society regularly engage in physical activity. Within health care and, particularly, within the PHC arena, nurses meet people on a daily basis who need help to engage in a healthier lifestyle. The possibility of issuing written prescriptions for physical activities, often referred to as PARs, has been introduced as a tool to support such lifestyles. However, even though PHC nurses can prescribe physical activities, studies investigating their experience in this type of nursing intervention are rare.

Methods

For this study, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with PHC nurses, and the transcribed texts were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Two categories –PARs, an important nursing intervention, andPARs, the necessity of organisational support– reflected the nurses’ experiences in using PARs.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that viewing the PAR as a complex intervention, with all that this entails, might be one approach to increasing the number of PARs being issued. Simpler systems, more time and the potential for testing the effectiveness of follow-ups could be possible ways of achieving this.
Talk weight: an observational study of communication about patient weight in primary care consultations
Authors: Laidlaw Anita , McHale Calum , Locke Heather , Cecil Jo
Published: July 2014

Background

Obesity is a major public health issue and primary care practitioners are well placed to opportunistically raise the issue of overweight or obesity with their patients.

Aim and methods

This study investigated the prevalence of weight discussion in primary care consultations with overweight and obese patients, in a practice in Fife, Scotland, and described weight-related communication using video analysis.

Findings

Weight was raised in 25% of consultations with overweight and obese patients. GPs initiated weight discussion more often than patients; however, these attempts were often blocked by patients. Weight-related outcomes were more common when patients initiated the weight discussion. This study confirms the potential of video analysis for understanding primary care weight discussion. It also suggests that GPs may benefit from a communication-based intervention to tackle patient blocking behaviours and contributes to the evidence suggesting that interventions targeted to increase the prevalence of weight-related discussions with their patients are needed.
‘The Age of the Golden Ear’:The Columbia World Libraryand Sounding out Post-war Field Recording
Authors: WESTERN TOM
Published: July 2014

This article responds to Alan Lomax's pronouncement that the mid-twentieth century constituted ‘the age of the golden ear’, when ‘a passionate aural curiosity overshadowed the ability to create music’. It examines a project born out of Lomax's own aural curiosity and his foregrounding of recording technology – theColumbia World Library of Folk and Primitive Music(1955) – using it to sound out the history of mid-century ethnographic field recording. By retracing the production of theWorld Library, this article explores the various agencies compressed into the audible exteriors of field recordings, as they were produced by and for specific technologies and formats, circulated through international networks, and as they became part of the aural public sphere of post-war Europe. It concludes by considering some of the implications of this sonic labour as field recordings find their way into new, digital, listening environments.
Historical analysis of institutions and organizations: the case of the Brazilian electricity sector
Authors: SIGNORINI GUILHERME , ROSS R. BRENT , PETERSON H. CHRISTOPHER
Published: July 2014

Scholars argue that the New Institutional Economics (NIE) has not yet provided causal explanations on how long institutions persist or why and how they suffer dramatic changes. Others state that evidence is still inconclusive to define a theoretical justification on how changes and development occur. This article focuses on the institutions of the electricity sector in Brazil, aiming to heighten the body of empirical research in NIE and produce satisfactory explanations that motivate theory refinement. Based on a qualitative approach, we find that the drivers of the first institutional change in Brazil's electricity sector were related to market protection and domestic industrial support. For the second institutional change, economic recession (country at state of bankruptcy, debt crisis, and high inflation rates) and reliability of utility services were the driving factors. We hope this study systematizes historical facts and helps create grounds for our understanding of institutional evolution and economic growth.
Separation of carbon quantum dots on a C18 column by binary gradient elution via HPLC
Authors: Lu Yan , Wang Jun , Yuan Hongyan , Xiao Dan
Published: July 2014

CQDs are separated on a C18 column by binary gradient elution via HPLC.
A broad-selective enzyme immunoassay for non-invasive stress assessment in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) held in captivity
Authors: Anfossi L. , Ozella L. , Di Nardo F. , Giovannoli C. , Passini C. , Favaro L. , Pessani D. , Mostl E. , Baggiani C.
Published: July 2014

A rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay was established to detect glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces of African Penguins and was suggested as a reliable and non-invasive tool to evaluate stress in these animals.
Benzothiazole derivatives augment glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells via AMPK activation
Authors: Pasternak L. , Meltzer-Mats E. , Babai-Shani G. , Cohen G. , Viskind O. , Eckel J. , Cerasi E. , Sasson S. , Gruzman A.
Published: July 2014

Development of the unique bi-functional AMPK activators (glucose uptake and insulin secretion enhancers) for potential antidiabetic treatment.
Bicomponent hydrogen-bonded nanostructures formed by two complementary molecular Landers on Au(111)
Authors: Kalashnyk N. , Yu M. , Barattin R. , Benjalal Y. , Hliwa M. , Joachim C. , Lægsgaard E. , Besenbacher F. , Gourdon A. , Bouju X. , Linderoth T. R.
Published: July 2014

One- and two-dimensional structures formed by two Lander molecules on Au(111) via 3D-optimized or complementary triple H-bonding are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and rationalized by numerical calculations.
Plasmon resonance-enhanced circularly polarized luminescence of self-assembled meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin–surfactant complexes in interaction with Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Harada Takunori , Kajiyama Naoki , Ishizaka Kei , Toyofuku Reona , Izumi Katsuki , Umemura Kazuo , Imai Yoshitane , Taniguchi Naoya , Mishima Kenji
Published: July 2014

The phenomenon can be explained by the plasmon-induced resonant chiral-field enhancement arising from the coupling of optical molecular dipoles with AgNPs.
Graphene-supported Pt and PtPd nanorods with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Hong-Shuo , Liang Yu-Ting , Chen Tsan-Yao , Tseng Yi-Chia , Liu Chen-Wei , Chung Shu-Ru , Hsieh Chien-Te , Lee Cheng-En , Wang Kuan-Wen
Published: July 2014

The combinational modification of the morphology, alloying, and support for Pt catalysts has been optimized towards the oxygen reduction reaction.
Structural effect on the resistive switching behavior of triphenylamine-based poly(azomethine)s
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Wang Cheng , Liu Gang , Wang Jun , Chen Yu , Li Run-Wei
Published: July 2014

The hyperbranched PAM with isotropic architecture and semi-crystalline nature shows enhanced memory behaviors with more uniform distribution of the HRS and LRS resistances.
Cascade sensing of gold and thiols with imidazole-bearing functional porphyrins
Authors: Kim Joo-Ho , Jeong Young-Hwan , Yoon Hee-Jae , Tran Helen , Campos Luis M. , Jang Woo-Dong
Published: July 2014

An imidazole-bearing zinc porphyrin (PZn) has been designed for the selective detection of Au3+, and the porphyrin and gold complex (PZn·Au3+) can additionally be used to identify gold-binding functional groups such as cysteine residues and other mercaptans.
Five diverse bivalent metal coordination polymers based on benzene dicarboxylate and bent dipyridyl ligands: syntheses, structures, and photoluminescent properties
Authors: Maity Dilip Kumar , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Mondal Rajarshi , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: July 2014

Five divalent metal coordination polymers based on two different azine based bent N,N′-donor ligand and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate were synthesized and characterized.
Sandwich crystals of butyl paraben
Authors: Yang Huaiyu , Chen Hong , Rasmuson Åke C.
Published: July 2014

Sandwich crystals: one polymorph. Opaque middle layer: 0.1 μm scale size pores. Parallel outer layer: translucent crystalline layers.
The reactivity of CO2and H2at trapped electron sites at an oxide surface
Authors: Downing C. A. , Sokol A. A. , Catlow C. R. A.
Published: July 2014

A series of model catalytic cycles for CO2conversion at metal oxide surface vacancy sites is presented.
Degradation mechanism of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) ion exchange membranes under vanadium flow battery medium
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng , Hu Jinbo , Xu Wanxing , Cao Jingyu , Zhang Huamin
Published: July 2014

The degradation mechanism of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes under VFB operating conditions was clarified, which is highly beneficial for improving the chemical stability of hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes.
Reactivity of bromofluorenes in palladium-catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics
Authors: Smari Imen , Zhao Liqin , Yuan Kedong , Ammar Hamed Ben , Doucet Henri
Published: July 2014

The palladium-catalysed direct arylation using 2-bromofluorene or 2,7-dibromofluorene and heteroaromatics as the coupling partners proceeded using only 0.1–0.5 mol% catalyst.
Vanadium complexes with multidentate amine bisphenols
Authors: Hänninen M. M. , Peuronen A. , Damlin P. , Tyystjärvi V. , Kivelä H. , Lehtonen A.
Published: July 2014

Amine bisphenols react with VO(acac)2 to yield V(iv) or V(v) complexes depending on the additional hydroxyl donor in the ligand side-arm.
{RuNO}6vs. co-ligand oxidation: two non-innocent groups in one ruthenium nitrosyl complex
Authors: McQuarters Ashley B. , Lehnert Nicolai
Published: July 2014

The one-electron oxidation of the {RuNO}6 complex [Ru(L)(PPh3)(NO)(Cl)]2+ (where L = 1-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine) leads to the generation of a co-ligand radical. This complex therefore represents a rare example of a ruthenium complex with two different non-innocent ligands bound.
A functionalized, ethynyl-decorated, tetracobalt(iii) cubane molecular catalyst for photoinduced water oxidation
Authors: La Ganga Giuseppina , Nardo Viviana Mollica , Cordaro Massimiliano , Natali Mirco , Vitale Stefania , Licciardello Antonino , Nastasi Francesco , Campagna Sebastiano
Published: July 2014

A new tetracobalt(iii)-oxo cubane 1 was prepared. The ethynyl groups do not affect the photocatalytic properties of 1, which, in contrast, appear to be improved.
Modulating the magnetic properties by structural modification in a family of Co-Ln (Ln = Gd, Dy) molecular aggregates
Authors: Sheikh Javeed Ahmad , Goswami Soumyabrata , Konar Sanjit
Published: July 2014

Two types of 3d–4f cages are reported where the Gd analogues show significant magnetic refrigeration and the Dy containing compounds display SMM behaviour.
Cooperative hybridization of γPNA miniprobes to a repeating sequence motif and application to telomere analysis
Authors: Pham Ha H. , Murphy Connor T. , Sureshkumar Gopalsamy , Ly Danith H. , Opresko Patricia L. , Armitage Bruce A.
Published: July 2014

High affinity γPNA oligomers hybridize cooperatively on telomeric DNA and provide bright fluorescent signals.
A facile manganese dioxide mediated oxidation of primary benzylamines to benzamides
Authors: Poeschl A. , Mountford D. M.
Published: July 2014

An efficient and high yielding manganese dioxide mediated oxidation of benzylamines to the corresponding amides under mild reaction conditions.
Electrochemical properties of an AgInS2 photoanode prepared using ultrasonic-assisted chemical bath deposition
Authors: Lee Fang-Yun , Yang Kai-Yu , Wang Yi-Chen , Li Chien-Hung , Lee T. Randall , Lee Tai-Chou
Published: July 2014

Electrochemical impedance analysis revealed the hole-transfer step taking place directly from the valence band of AgInS2 photoanode to the electrolyte.
Mesostructured Pd/Mn3O4 catalyst for efficient low-temperature CO oxidation especially under moisture condition
Authors: Li Gengnan , Li Liang , Yuan Yuan , Yuan Yinyin , Li Yongsheng , Zhao Wenru , Shi Jianlin
Published: July 2014

As-synthesized Pd/Mn3O4 catalysts possess relatively high surface area and highly dispersed palladium species and show much higher catalytic activity and stability for CO oxidation especially under wet conditions.
Fabrication of concentric microarrays for self-assembly and manipulation of particle distribution
Authors: Bera L. K. , Soo Ong Kian , Zheng Wong Zheng
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate the use of a micropatterned surface composed of a concentric circular array of SiO2 and Si layers to distribute particles from edge to centre and reduce the coffee stain effect from a colloidal or suspended solution droplet after natural evaporation by self assembly over the array.
Non-hydrothermal synthesis, structural characterization and thermochemistry of water soluble and neutral coordination polymers of Zn(ii) and Cd(ii): precursors for the submicron-sized crystalline ZnO/CdO
Authors: Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: July 2014

Eight new water soluble and neutral coordination polymers of Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) with flexible tridentate ancillary ligands and the acetylene dicarboxylate linker are reported.
Is metal metathesis a framework-templating strategy to synthesize coordination polymers (CPs)? Transmetallation studies involving flexible ligands
Authors: Suman Kumari , Baig Fayaz , kant Rajni , Gupta Vivek K. , Mandal Sanjay , Sarkar Madhushree
Published: July 2014

Framework-templating strategy, where Cd-CP acted as template to preorganise the linkers, resulted in a Cu-CP, which was not obtained by direct reaction of Cu(ii) and the ligand.
Thermally cross-linked and sulphur-cured soft TPVs based on S-EB-S and S-SBR blends
Authors: Dey Pranab , Naskar Kinsuk , Dash Biswaranjan , Nair Sujith , Unnikrishnan G. , Nando Golok B.
Published: July 2014

Novel thermally cross-linked and sulphur-vulcanized TPVs based on S-EB-S and S-SBR blends have registered good mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties with reduced hardness suitable for automotive applications.
Controllable synthesis of ultrasmall CuInSe2 quantum dots for photovoltaic application
Authors: Du Chao-Feng , You Ting , Jiang Lei , Yang Song-Qiu , Zou Kun , Han Ke-Li , Deng Wei-Qiao
Published: July 2014

Ultrasmall CuInSe2 quantum dots were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method and used as a sensitizer in CdS/CuInSe2 quantum dot solar cells to improve the photovoltaic performance.
A facile and practical one-pot synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines
Authors: Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Murugan Kaliyappan , Chaskar Atul C. , Bhate Prakash M.
Published: July 2014

A mild, efficient and operationally simple one-pot synthesis of substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines at room temperature.
A highly efficient ligand exchange reaction on gold nanoparticles: preserving their size, shape and colloidal stability
Authors: Dewi Melissa R. , Laufersky Geoffry , Nann Thomas
Published: July 2014

Almost complete ligand exchange and excellent colloidal stability of gold nanoparticles can be achieved by a new solvent extraction based method.
Rheological characterization of mammalian lung mucus
Authors: Vasquez Erick S. , Bowser Jacquelyn , Swiderski Cyprianna , Walters Keisha B. , Kundu Santanu
Published: July 2014

Mammalian lung mucus is a complex fluid that displays non-linear viscoelastic responses, strain-stiffening at low-strain and strain-softening at large strain values.
Sticky superhydrophobic hard nanofibers from soft matter
Authors: Darmanin Thierry , Mortier Claudio , Eastoe Julian , Sagisaka Masanobu , Guittard Frederic
Published: July 2014

Superhydrophobic soft and hard nanofibers with various water adhesions are obtained by electrodeposition of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (ProDOT) derivatives containing two branched alkyl chains. In the case of the hard nanofibers, the fibers are vertically aligned to the substrate and their characteristics can be easily controlled but always with high water adhesion.
Self-modified fabrication of inner skin ZIF-8 tubular membranes by a counter diffusion assisted secondary growth method
Authors: Sun Yuxiu , Zhang Rong , Zhao Cui , Wang Naixin , Xie Yabo , Li Jian-Rong
Published: July 2014

A counter diffusion assisted secondary growth method is developed for the fabrication of inner skin ZIF-8 tubular membranes.
Polybenzimidazole assisted fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypapers and their silver nanoparticle hybrids
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Chen Lei , Zhu Jing , Hu Zuming
Published: July 2014

Multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypapers and their hybrids with Ag nanoparticles have been fabricated with the assistance of polybenzimidazole.
Microgel-like aggregates of isotactic and atactic poly(methacrylic acid) chains in aqueous alkali chloride solutions as evidenced by light scattering
Authors: Sitar Simona , Aseyev Vladimir , Kogej Ksenija
Published: July 2014

We study the structure of aggregates formed by isotactic and atactic poly(methacrylic acid)s in aqueous solutions with added alkali chlorides using light scattering.
Single-crystal CoSe2 nanorods as an efficient electrocatalyst for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sun Hong , Zhang Lu , Wang Zhong-Sheng
Published: July 2014

Single-crystal CoSe2 nanorods have been used as the electrocatalyst for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.
Photoluminescence properties of Pr3+, Sm3+ and Tb3+ doped SrAlSi4N7 and energy level locations of rare-earth ions in SrAlSi4N7
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Jun , ten Kate Otmar M. , Delsing Anneke , Dorenbos Pieter , Zhao Jing-Tai , Hintzen Hubertus T.
Published: July 2014

RE3+ (RE = Pr, Sm, and Tb)-doped SrAlSi4N7 samples were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method at high temperature, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated.
Electrochemical deposition as a unique solution processing method for insoluble organic optoelectronic materials
Authors: Allwright Emily , Berg Dominik M. , Djemour Rabie , Steichen Marc , Dale Phillip J. , Robertson Neil
Published: July 2014

Electrochemical deposition enables films of low-solubility organic molecules by a solution process, without needing high vacuum or solubilising side chains.
Highly emissive supramolecular assemblies based on π-stacked polybenzofulvene hosts and a benzothiadiazole guest
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Villafiorita-Monteleone Francesca , Grisci Giorgio , Paolino Marco , Razzano Vincenzo , Fabio Giuseppe , Giuliani Germano , Donati Alessandro , Mendichi Raniero , Boccia Antonella Caterina , Pasini Mariacecilia , Botta Chiara
Published: July 2014

Two new polymers envelop a benzothiadiazole dye by π-stacking interactions and a complete FRET is obtained.
New spirobifluorene-based hole-transporting semiconductors for electroluminescent devices
Authors: Usluer Özlem
Published: July 2014

A series of spirofluorene-centered, carbazole and thiophene-linked molecules as hole transport materials in organic light-emitting diodes.
Dynamic Assessment of Narrative Ability in English Accurately Identifies Language Impairment in English Language Learners
Authors: Peña Elizabeth D. , Gillam Ronald B. , Bedore Lisa M.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

To assess the identification accuracy of dynamic assessment (DA) of narrative ability in English for children learning English as a 2nd language.

Method

A DA task was administered to 54 children: 18 Spanish–English-speaking children with language impairment (LI); 18 age-, sex-, IQ- and language experience-matched typical control children; and an additional 18 age- and language experience-matched comparison children. A variety of quantitative and qualitative measures were collected in the pretest phase, the mediation phase, and the posttest phase of the study. Exploratory discriminant analysis was used to determine the set of measures that best differentiated among this group of children with and without LI.

Results

A combination of examiner ratings of modifiability (compliance, metacognition, and task orientation), DA story scores (setting, dialogue, and complexity of vocabulary), and ungrammaticality (derived from the posttest narrative sample) classified children with 80.6% to 97.2% accuracy.

Conclusion

DA conducted in English provides a systematic means for measuring learning processes and learning outcomes, resulting in a clinically useful procedure for identifying LIs in bilingual children who are in the process of learning English as a second language.
Combined Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech Treatment (CAAST): Effects of a Novel Therapy
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Wright Sandra , Nessler Christina , Mauszycki Shannon C.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

This investigation was designed to examine the effects of a newly developed treatment for aphasia and acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). Combined Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech Treatment (CAAST) targets language and speech production simultaneously, with treatment techniques derived from Response Elaboration Training (Kearns, 1985) and Sound Production Treatment (Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, West, & Doyle, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine whether CAAST was associated with positive changes in verbal language and speech production with speakers with aphasia and AOS.

Method

Four participants with chronic aphasia and AOS received CAAST applied sequentially to sets of pictures in the context of multiple baseline designs. CAAST entailed elaboration of participant-initiated utterances, with sound production training applied as needed to the elaborated productions. The dependent variables were (a) production of correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) in response to experimental picture stimuli, (b) percentage of consonants correct in sentence repetition, and (c) speech intelligibility.

Results and Conclusions

CAAST was associated with increased CIU production in trained and untrained picture sets for all participants. Gains in sound production accuracy and speech intelligibility varied across participants; a modification of CAAST to provide additional speech production treatment may be desirable.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170483
Data-Driven Subclassification of Speech Sound Disorders in Preschool Children
Authors: Vick Jennell C. , Campbell Thomas F. , Shriberg Lawrence D. , Green Jordan R. , Truemper Klaus , Rusiewicz Heather Leavy , Moore Christopher A.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine whether distinct subgroups of preschool children with speech sound disorders (SSD) could be identified using a subgroup discovery algorithm (SUBgroup discovery via Alternate Random Processes, or SUBARP). Of specific interest was finding evidence of a subgroup of SSD exhibiting performance consistent with atypical speech motor control.

Method

Ninety-seven preschool children with SSD completed speech and nonspeech tasks. Fifty-three kinematic, acoustic, and behavioral measures from these tasks were input to SUBARP.

Results

Two distinct subgroups were identified from the larger sample. The 1st subgroup (76%; population prevalence estimate = 67.8%–84.8%) did not have characteristics that would suggest atypical speech motor control. The 2nd subgroup (10.3%; population prevalence estimate = 4.3%–16.5%) exhibited significantly higher variability in measures of articulatory kinematics and poor ability to imitate iambic lexical stress, suggesting atypical speech motor control. Both subgroups were consistent with classes of SSD in the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS; Shriberg et al., 2010a).

Conclusion

Characteristics of children in the larger subgroup were consistent with the proportionally large SDCS class termedspeech delay;characteristics of children in the smaller subgroup were consistent with the SDCS subtype termedmotor speech disorder—not otherwise specified.The authors identified candidate measures to identify children in each of these groups.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170468
New kernel independent and principal components analysis‐based process monitoring approach with application to hot strip mill process
Authors: Peng Kaixiang , Zhang Kai , He Xiao , Li Gang , Yang Xu
Published: July 2014

In this article, a new kernel independent and principal components analysis (kernel ICA–PCA) based process monitoring approach is proposed for hot strip mill process (HSMP). HSMP appears widely in iron and steel industry, which runs in an environment with significant nonlinearity, non‐Gaussianity and some other uncertainties. The present method, namely kernel ICA–PCA, firstly addresses the nonlinearity via the popular kernel trick, then applies kernel ICA model to isolate the non‐Gaussian independent information, finally, utilises kernel PCA model to account for the uncertain part and extract the principal components. To avoid the disadvantage of the original fault detection statistics, a k nearest neighbour data description‐based technique is employed into the kernel ICA–PCA for monitoring the variations occurring in the independent and principal components, whereas traditional Q statistic is employed to reflect the disturbance in the residuals. All of their thresholds will be determined by a new emerging bootstrap‐based technique. The applicability of the new scheme is represented via hot strip mill process dataset recorded in the iron and steel company.
Effect of O2 additive on spatial uniformity of atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet array driven by microsecond-duration pulses
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Shao Tao , Zhou Yixiao , Fang Zhi , Yan Ping , Yang Wenjin
Published: July 2014

Plasma jet array is a promising device for producing low-temperature plasma at atmospheric pressure. In our letter, the effect of O2 additive on spatial uniformity of one-dimensional helium plasma jet array is described. The length of the plasma jet in the middle of the array before the injection of O2 additive is less than that on the edges of the array. However, when a small amount of O2 additive is injected into the plasma jet array, the length increases and becomes approximately the same as the length of the plasma jets on the edges of the array. The improvement of spatial uniformity of the plasma jet array is due to the enhancement of the Penning ionization in the plasma jets caused by O2 additive. Too much quantity of O2 additive, however, may lead to discharge quenching in the plasma jet array.
Ultrafast photo-induced nuclear relaxation of a conformationally disordered conjugated polymer probed with transient absorption and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Yu Wenjian , Donohoo-Vallett Paul J. , Zhou Jiawang , Bragg Arthur E.
Published: July 2014

A combination of transient absorption (TAS) and femtosecond stimulated Raman (FSRS) spectroscopies were used to interrogate the photo-induced nuclear relaxation dynamics of poly(3-cyclohexyl,4-methylthiophene) (PCMT). The large difference in inter-ring dihedral angles of ground and excited-state PCMT make it an ideal candidate for studying large-amplitude vibrational relaxation associated with exciton trapping. Spectral shifting in the S1 TA spectra on sub-ps timescales (110 ± 20 and 800 ± 100 fs) is similar to spectroscopic signatures of excited-state relaxation observed with related photoexcited conjugated polymers and which have been attributed to exciton localization and a combination of resonant energy transfer and torsional relaxation, respectively. Measurements made with both techniques reveal fast PCMT S1 decay and triplet formation (τS1 = 25–32 ps), which is similar to the excited-state dynamics of short oligothiophenes and highly twisted polyconjugated molecules. On ultrafast timescales FSRS of S1 PCMT offers a new perspective on the nuclear dynamics that underlie localization of excitons in photoexcited conjugated polymers: Spectral dynamics in the C=C stretching region (1400–1600 cm−1) include a red-shift of the in-phase C=C stretching frequency, as well as a change in the relative intensity of in-phase and out-of-phase stretch intensities on a timescale of ∼100 fs. Both changes indicate an ultrafast vibrational distortion that increases the conjugation length in the region of the localized excitation and are consistent with exciton self-localization or trapping. Wavelength-dependent excited-state FSRS measurements further demonstrate that the C=C stretching frequency provides a useful spectroscopic handle for interrogating the degree of delocalization in excited conjugated polymers given the selectivity achieved via resonance enhancement.
Excitation energies along a range-separated adiabatic connection
Authors: Rebolini Elisa , Toulouse Julien , Teale Andrew M. , Helgaker Trygve , Savin Andreas
Published: July 2014

We present a study of the variation of total energies and excitation energies along a range-separated adiabatic connection. This connection links the non-interacting Kohn–Sham electronic system to the physical interacting system by progressively switching on the electron–electron interactions whilst simultaneously adjusting a one-electron effective potential so as to keep the ground-state density constant. The interactions are introduced in a range-dependent manner, first introducing predominantly long-range, and then all-range, interactions as the physical system is approached, as opposed to the conventional adiabatic connection where the interactions are introduced by globally scaling the standard Coulomb interaction. Reference data are reported for the He and Be atoms and the H2 molecule, obtained by calculating the short-range effective potential at the full configuration-interaction level using Lieb's Legendre-transform approach. As the strength of the electron–electron interactions increases, the excitation energies, calculated for the partially interacting systems along the adiabatic connection, offer increasingly accurate approximations to the exact excitation energies. Importantly, the excitation energies calculated at an intermediate point of the adiabatic connection are much better approximations to the exact excitation energies than are the corresponding Kohn–Sham excitation energies. This is particularly evident in situations involving strong static correlation effects and states with multiple excitation character, such as the dissociating H2 molecule. These results highlight the utility of long-range interacting reference systems as a starting point for the calculation of excitation energies and are of interest for developing and analyzing practical approximate range-separated density-functional methodologies.
Transport and optical properties of warm dense aluminum in the two-temperature regime: Ab initio calculation and semiempirical approximation
Authors: Knyazev D. V. , Levashov P. R.
Published: July 2014

This work is devoted to the investigation of transport and optical properties of liquid aluminum in the two-temperature case. At first optical properties, static electrical, and thermal conductivities were obtained in the ab initio calculation which is based on the quantum molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and the Kubo-Greenwood formula. Then the semiempirical approximation was constructed based on the results of our simulation. This approximation yields the dependences σ1DC∝1/Ti0.25 and K∝Te/Ti0.25 for the static electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, respectively, for liquid aluminum at ρ = 2.70 g/cm3, 3 kK ≤ Ti ≤ Te ≤ 20 kK. Our results are well described by the Drude model with the effective relaxation time τ∝Ti−0.25. We have considered a number of other models for the static electrical and thermal conductivities of aluminum, they are all reduced in the low-temperature limit to the Drude model with different expressions for the relaxation time τ. Our results are not consistent with the models in which τ∝Ti−1 and support the models which use the expressions with the slower decrease of the relaxation time.
Can p-channel tunnel field-effect transistors perform as good as n-channel?
Authors: Verhulst A. S. , Verreck D. , Pourghaderi M. A. , Van de Put M. , Sorée B. , Groeseneken G. , Collaert N. , Thean A. V.-Y.
Published: July 2014

We show that bulk semiconductor materials do not allow perfectly complementary p- and n-channel tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), due to the presence of a heavy-hole band. When tunneling in p-TFETs is oriented towards the gate-dielectric, field-induced quantum confinement results in a highest-energy subband which is heavy-hole like. In direct-bandgap IIIV materials, the most promising TFET materials, phonon-assisted tunneling to this subband degrades the subthreshold swing and leads to at least 10× smaller on-current than the desired ballistic on-current. This is demonstrated with quantum-mechanical predictions for p-TFETs with tunneling orthogonal to the gate, made out of InP, In0.53Ga0.47As, InAs, and a modified version of In0.53Ga0.47As with an artificially increased conduction-band density-of-states. We further show that even if the phonon-assisted current would be negligible, the build-up of a heavy-hole-based inversion layer prevents efficient ballistic tunneling, especially at low supply voltages. For p-TFET, a strongly confined n-i-p or n-p-i-p configuration is therefore recommended, as well as a tensily strained line-tunneling configuration.