bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Dropout Prediction for University Students Using Machine Learning
Authors: Cho Choong Hee , Yu Yang Woo , Kim Hyeon Gyu
Published: November 2023

Student dropout is a serious issue in that it not only affects the individual students who drop out but also has negative impacts on the former university, family, and society together. To resolve this, various attempts have been made to predict student dropout using machine learning. This paper presents a model to predict student dropout at Sahmyook University using machine learning. Academic records collected from 20,050 students of the university were analyzed and used for learning. Various machine learning algorithms were used to implement the model, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Deep Neural Network, and LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine), and their performances were compared through experiments. We also discuss the influence of oversampling used to resolve data imbalance issues in the dropout data. For this purpose, various oversampling algorithms such as SMOTE, ADASYN, and Borderline-SMOTE were tested. Our experimental results showed that the proposed model implemented using LightGBM provided the best performance with an F1-score of 0.840, which is higher than the results of previous studies discussing the dropout prediction with the issue of class imbalance.
A Novel Fault-Tolerant Aware Task Scheduler Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cloud Computing
Authors: Shiva Rama Krishna Mallu , Mangalampalli Sudheer
Published: November 2023

Task scheduling poses a wide variety of challenges in the cloud computing paradigm, as heterogeneous tasks from a variety of resources come onto cloud platforms. The most important challenge in this paradigm is to avoid single points of failure, as tasks of various users are running at the cloud provider, and it is very important to improve fault tolerance and maintain negligible downtime in order to render services to a wide range of customers around the world. In this paper, to tackle this challenge, we precisely calculated priorities of tasks for virtual machines (VMs) based on unit electricity cost and these priorities are fed to the scheduler. This scheduler is modeled using a deep reinforcement learning technique which is known as the DQN model to make decisions and generate schedules optimally for VMs based on priorities fed to the scheduler. This research is extensively conducted on Cloudsim. In this research, a real-time dataset known as Google Cloud Jobs is used and is given as input to the algorithm. This research is carried out in two phases by categorizing the dataset as a regular or large dataset with real-time tasks with fixed and varied VMs in both datasets. Our proposed DRFTSA is compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches, i.e., PSO, ACO, and GA algorithms, and results reveal that the proposed DRFTSA minimizes makespan compared to PSO, GA, and ACO by 30.97%, 35.1%, and 37.12%, rates of failure by 39.4%, 44.13%, and 46.19%, and energy consumption by 18.81%, 23.07%, and 28.8%, respectively, for both regular and large datasets for both fixed and varied VMs.
The Architecture of Expectation
Authors: Nute Kevin
Published: November 2023

Humans have been described as a “forward-looking” species in more than simply physiological terms. We are, it seems, unusually concerned with the future. This essay explores how built environments can be designed to evoke positive anticipation of future events. It suggests that there are three primary means of achieving this: (1) the visible display of valued resources, (2) signs of readiness, and (3) views that encourage mental exploration. It is observed that while resources tend to elicit hope of their future use, readiness and visual prospects seem to evoke a more general sense of optimism. Given the large proportion of our lives that most of us now spend in buildings, it is suggested that these design strategies might be helpful in maintaining and improving occupant morale in the indoor spaces where we live and work, and even more so for those who, for one reason or another, are unable to venture out.
Sophisticated Study of Time, Frequency and Statistical Analysis for Gradient-Switching-Induced Potentials during MRI
Authors: Bouzrara Karim , Fokapu Odette , Fakhfakh Ahmed , Derbel Faouzi
Published: November 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard procedure in medical imaging, on a par with echography and tomodensitometry. In contrast to radiological procedures, no harmful radiation is produced. The constant development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has enabled the production of higher resolution images. The switching of magnetic field gradients for MRI imaging generates induced voltages that strongly interfere with the electrophysiological signals (EPs) collected simultaneously. When the bandwidth of the collection amplifiers is higher than 150 Hz, these induced voltages are difficult to eliminate. Understanding the behavior of these artefacts contributes to the development of new digital processing tools for better quality EPs. In this paper, we present a study of induced voltages collected in vitro using a device (350 Hz bandwidth). The experiments were conducted on a 1.5T MRI machine with two MRI sequences (fast spin echo (FSE) and cine gradient echo (CINE)) and three slice orientations. The recorded induced voltages were then segmented into extract patterns called “artefact puffs”. Two analysis series, “global” and “local”, were then performed. The study found that the temporal and frequency characteristics were specific to the sequences and orientations of the slice and that, despite the pseudo-periodic character of the artefacts, the variabilities within the same recording were significant. These evolutions were confirmed by two stationarity tests: the Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) and the time-frequency approach. The induced potentials, all stationary at the global scale, are no longer stationary at the local scale, which is an important issue in the design of optimal filters adapted to reduce MRI artifacts contaminating a large bandwidth, which varies between 0 and 500 Hz.
Combined Depth and Subdural Electrodes for Lateralization of the Ictal Onset Zone in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Kang Joong Koo , Lee Sang Ahm , Hong Seok Ho
Published: November 2023

(1) Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of conventional invasive techniques in confirming unilateral seizure onset localization in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and to investigate the association between electrode type and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) pattern. (2) Methods: This retrospective study encompasses patients diagnosed with MTLE-HS who underwent an invasive study prior to an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Intracranial EEG features were assessed for 99 seizure events from 25 selected patients who achieved seizure remission with ATL after an invasive study using bilateral combined depth and subdural electrodes. Their findings were compared to those of 21 seizure events in eight patients who exhibited suboptimal seizure outcomes. (3) Results: For the distribution of electrodes that recorded the ictal onset, hippocampal depth electrodes recorded 96% of all seizure events, while subdural electrodes recorded 52%. Among the seizures recorded in subdural electrodes, 49% were localized in medial electrodes, with only 8% occurring in lateral electrodes. The initiation of seizures exclusively detected in hippocampal depth electrodes was associated with successful seizure remission, whereas those solely recorded in the lateral strip electrodes were often linked to refractory seizures after ATL. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of employing a combination of depth and subdural electrodes in invasive studies for patients with MTLE-HS to enhance the accuracy of lateralization. This also cautions against sole reliance on subdural electrodes without depth electrodes, which could lead to inaccurate localization.
Coaches’ Mind Games: Harnessing Technical Fouls for Psychological Momentum in Basketball
Authors: Tenenbaum Gershon , Vigodsky Ady , Lev Assaf
Published: November 2023

This study explored the emotional and cognitive dimensions associated with technical fouls (TFs) in basketball coaching. Using in-depth interviews with Israeli first-division basketball coaches, we aimed to uncover the emotional and cognitive intricacies involved in TFs. Through rigorous thematic content analysis, we delved into coaches’ ability to perceive and manipulate psychological momentum on the court. We revealed that coaches intentionally use TFs as strategic tools. TFs were employed to elicit specific emotional responses and cognitive shifts in players, affecting their emotional states, arousal levels, motivation, and overall team performance. However, coaches approached TFs with caution due to the associated emotional and cognitive risks. They carefully weighed potential benefits against unforeseen consequences in their decision-making. Furthermore, our research highlighted coaches’ belief in the immediate positive impact of TFs on referee decisions, underscoring the interplay between emotional influence and strategic advantage. Nevertheless, this advantage was perceived as short-lived, emphasizing that TFs are a two-edged sword with unpredictable outcomes.
Investigation of Adsorption Kinetics on the Surface of a Copper-Containing Silicon–Carbon Gas Sensor: Gas Identification
Authors: Plugotarenko Nina K. , Novikov Sergey P. , Myasoedova Tatiana N. , Mikhailova Tatiana S.
Published: November 2023

The low selectivity of materials to gases of a similar nature may limit their use as sensors. Knowledge of the adsorption kinetic characteristics of each gas on the surface of the material may enable the ability to identify them. In this work, copper-containing silicon–carbon films were formed using electrochemical deposition on the Al2O3 substrate with interdigitated Cr/Cu/Cr electrodes. These films showed good adsorption characteristics with several different gases. The adsorption kinetics of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide on the film surface were investigated by the change in the resistivity of the material. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics, Elovich, Ritchie, and Webber intraparticle diffusion models were applied. It was found that the largest approximation factor and the lowest Root-Mean-Square Error and Mean Bias Error for all three gases were for the Elovich model. The advantages of silicon–carbon copper-containing films for gas sensor applications were shown. An algorithm for gas recognition was proposed based on the dependence of the change in the resistivity of the material under stepwise gas exposure. It was found that parameters such as the values of the extrema of the first and second derivatives of the R vs. t dependence during adsorption and the slope of R vs. t dependence in the Elovich coordinates are responsible for gas identification among several one-nature gases.
Online Adaptive MRI-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Pancreatic and Other Intra-Abdominal Cancers
Authors: Lee Danny , Renz Paul , Oh Seungjong , Hwang Min-Sig , Pavord Daniel , Yun Kyung Lim , Collura Colleen , McCauley Mary , Colonias Athanasios (Tom) , Trombetta Mark , Kirichenko Alexander
Published: November 2023

A 1.5T MRI combined with a linear accelerator (Unity®, Elekta; Stockholm, Sweden) is a device that shows promise in MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation treatment (SBRT). Previous studies utilized the manufacturer’s pre-set MRI sequences (i.e., T2 Weighted (T2W)), which limited the visualization of pancreatic and intra-abdominal tumors and organs at risk (OAR). Here, a T1 Weighted (T1W) sequence was utilized to improve the visualization of tumors and OAR for online adapted-to-position (ATP) and adapted-to-shape (ATS) during MRI-guided SBRT. Twenty-six patients, 19 with pancreatic and 7 with intra-abdominal cancers, underwent CT and MRI simulations for SBRT planning before being treated with multi-fractionated MRI-guided SBRT. The boundary of tumors and OAR was more clearly seen on T1W image sets, resulting in fast and accurate contouring during online ATP/ATS planning. Plan quality in 26 patients was dependent on OAR proximity to the target tumor and achieved 96 ± 5% and 92 ± 9% in gross tumor volume D90% and planning target volume D90%. We utilized T1W imaging (about 120 s) to shorten imaging time by 67% compared to T2W imaging (about 360 s) and improve tumor visualization, minimizing target/OAR delineation uncertainty and the treatment margin for sparing OAR. The average time-consumption of MRI-guided SBRT for the first 21 patients was 55 ± 15 min for ATP and 79 ± 20 min for ATS.
Therapeutic Resistance Models and Treatment Sequencing in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Schaaf Zachary A. , Ning Shu , Leslie Amy R. , Sharifi Masuda , Han Xianrui , Armstrong Cameron , Lou Wei , Lombard Alan P. , Liu Chengfei , Gao Allen C.
Published: November 2023

Current common treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) typically belong to one of three major categories: next-generation anti-androgen therapies (NGAT) including enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate, apalutamide, and darolutamide; taxane therapy represented by docetaxel; and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) like olaparib. Although these treatments have shown efficacy and have improved outcomes for many patients, some do not survive due to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. The clinical landscape is further complicated by limited knowledge about how the sequence of treatments impacts the development of therapeutic cross-resistance in CRPC. We have developed multiple CRPC models of acquired therapeutic resistance cell sublines from C4-2B cells. These include C4-2B MDVR, C4-2B AbiR, C4-2B ApaR, C4-2B DaroR, TaxR, and 2B-olapR, which are resistant to enzalutamide, abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide, docetaxel, and olaparib, respectively. These models are instrumental for analyzing gene expression and assessing responses to various treatments. Our findings reveal distinct cross-resistance characteristics among NGAT-resistant cell sublines. Specifically, resistance to enzalutamide induces resistance to abiraterone and vice versa, while maintaining sensitivity to taxanes and olaparib. Conversely, cells with acquired resistance to docetaxel exhibit cross-resistance to both cabazitaxel and olaparib but retain sensitivity to NGATs like enzalutamide and abiraterone. OlapR cells, significantly resistant to olaparib compared to parental cells, are still responsive to NGATs and docetaxel. Moreover, OlapR models display cross-resistance to other clinically relevant PARP inhibitors, including rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib. RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed a complex network of altered gene expressions that influence signaling pathways, energy metabolism, and apoptotic signaling, pivotal to cancer’s evolution and progression. The data indicate that resistance mechanisms are distinct among different drug classes. Notably, NGAT-resistant sublines exhibited a significant downregulation of androgen-regulated genes, contrasting to the stable expression noted in olaparib and docetaxel-resistant sublines. These results may have clinical implications by showing that treatments of one class can be sequenced with those from another class, but caution should be taken when sequencing drugs of the same class.
Tracking the Routes of Cancer: The Microevolution of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Czyż Jarosław
Published: November 2023

Cancers are heterogeneous, multicellular societies that constitute solid tumors which comprise the neoplastic progenies of the tumor-initiating cell and the progenies of "un-transformed" tumor-infiltrating cells [...]
The New Face of Autophagy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Kopeina Gelina S. , Zhivotovsky Boris
Published: November 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) mainly afflicts adults and accounts for 25% of all new leukemia cases [...]
Sorafenib Resistance Contributed by IL7 and MAL2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Can Be Overcome by Autophagy-Inducing Stapled Peptides
Authors: To Jeffrey C. , Gao Shan , Li Xiao-Xiao , Zhao Yanxiang , Keng Vincent W.
Published: November 2023

Drug resistance poses a great challenge in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to anti-cancer drugs, such as Sorafenib, remain unclear. In this study, we use transposon insertional mutagenesis to generate Sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines in order to identify potential drug resistant causative genes. Interleukin 7 (IL7) and mal, T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) were identified as candidate genes that promote survival by activating JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Sorafenib-resistant cells exhibited higher clonogenic survival and lower drug sensitivity due to IL7 and MAL2 upregulation. Higher anti-apoptotic effect, clonogenic survival and increased PI3K/AKT/STAT3 activities were observed in IL7 and MAL2 co-overexpressing cells compared with controls or cells overexpressing IL7 or MAL2 individually. Given the critical role of MAL2 in endocytosis, we propose that MAL2 might facilitate the endocytic trafficking of IL7 and its cognate receptors to the plasma membrane, which leads to upregulated JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and Sorafenib resistance. Additionally, our previous studies showed that an autophagy-inducing stapled peptide promoted the endolysosomal degradation of c-MET oncogene and overcame adaptive Sorafenib resistance in c-MET+ HCC cells. In this study, we demonstrate that these stapled peptides readily induced autophagy and inhibited the proliferation of both wild-type and Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells co-overexpressing both IL7 and MAL2. Furthermore, these peptides showed synergistic cytotoxicity with Sorafenib in drug-resistant HCC cells co-overexpressing both IL7 and MAL2. Our studies suggest that targeting autophagy may be a novel strategy to overcome IL7/MAL2-mediated Sorafenib resistance in HCC.
Development of Photocatalytic Coatings for Building Materials with Bi2O3-ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Tena-Santafé Víctor M. , Fernández José M. , Fernández-Acevedo Claudio , Oroz-Mateo Tamara , Navarro-Blasco Íñigo , Álvarez José I.
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to develop versatile coatings that can protect the stone surfaces of Architectural Heritage. Two different 3D media, namely superhydrophobic (SPHB) and hydro-oleophobic (OHB), were utilized as host matrices for nanostructured photocatalysts (Bi2O3-ZnO 8/92). These photocatalysts were sensitive to visible light to enhance their efficiency when exposed to sunlight. To prevent the nanophotocatalyst from clumping together in the 3D media, non-ionic dispersant additives (Tween20, TritonX-100, and Brij35) were incorporated. The optimized suspensions were then applied to various substrates such as sandstone, limestone, and granite. The effectiveness of the coatings was assessed by evaluating the hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and photocatalytic activity of the coated substrates. The Bi2O3-ZnO photocatalyst exhibited higher activity in the SPHB medium compared to the OHB medium. To simulate real-life conditions, the coated substrates were subjected to accelerated weathering tests to predict their durability. Despite a significant reduction in their thickness, the coatings demonstrated sustained hydrophobic efficiency and self-cleaning capability after the accelerated ageing tests.
Simple UV-Grafting of PolyAcrylic and PolyMethacrylic Acid on Silicone Breast Implant Surfaces: Chemical and Mechanical Characterizations
Authors: Wozniak Anna , Humblot Vincent , Vayron Romain , Delille Rémi , Falentin-Daudré Céline
Published: November 2023

Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in the biomedical field. Despite its numerous advantages, its hydrophobic character promotes bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. For breast implants, biocompatibility is challenged due to the biofilm formed around the implant that can degenerate to severe capsular contracture over time. Thus, the laboratory has set up strategies to prevent bacterial contamination by grafting covalently hydrophilic bioactive polymers on the surface of implants. In this study, poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAc) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were chosen as non-toxic and biocompatible bioactive polymers known for reducing bacteria adhesion. These polymers are also good candidates to lend reactivity on the surface for further functionalization. X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis have highlighted the covalent grafting of these polymers. Apparent water contact angle measurements have shown the change in hydrophilicity on the surface, and a colorimetric assay allowed us to assess the grafting rate of PMAc and PAAc. Tensile strength assays were performed to ensure that the functionalization process does not significantly alter the material’s mechanical properties. Analyses of the surface aspect and roughness by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and optical profilometer allow us to formulate hypotheses to approach the understanding of the behavior of the polymer once grafted.
Electrodeposition of Copper Coatings on Sandblasted 304 Stainless Steel Surfaces: A Characterization Study Using Computer Vision Methods
Authors: Velázquez Carmen , Chávez David , Acuña Carlos , Vargas Gregorio , Castelán Mario
Published: November 2023

Electrodeposition is commonly employed to coat materials. The effectiveness and endurance of coatings depend on specific process conditions. The characterization of coatings is a costly endeavor, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise. This study presents a novel methodology for analyzing surfaces coated with copper, utilizing computer vision techniques to complement traditional surface characterizations such as the contact angle. The coating under investigation was produced through electrodeposition using a ChCl:2EG:0.1CuCl2·2H2O electrolyte. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the vision-based method for evaluating superficial copper electrodeposition on sandblasted 304 SS. The proposed vision method holds the potential to expedite the development of new coatings and facilitate the analysis of their characteristics. This, in turn, could enhance the durability of materials and devices across a range of applications.
Progress in Marine Antifouling Coatings: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Li Liang , Hong Heting , Cao Jingyi , Yang Yange
Published: November 2023

The shipping industry is vital to global trade. Unfortunately, this industry is negatively impacted on a large scale by biofouling, a process whereby unwanted organisms accumulate on submerged surfaces, massively affecting traveling speed and fuel consumption. Fortunately, antifouling coatings have been developed to combat this problem. This review summarizes the process of biofouling and briefly discusses the history of antifouling coating development. Moreover, eight major antifouling coatings are reviewed, including bionic microstructure, self-polishing, fouling and desorption, zwitterionic polymer, self-assembled thin-layer, liquid-smooth surface, conductive, and photocatalytic antifouling coatings. The technical principles, innovation, and advancement of each coating are expounded, and the relevant research progress is discussed. Finally, the remaining issues and challenges in antifouling coatings are discussed, along with their prospects.
Chance-Constrained Optimization Formulation for Ship Conceptual Design: A Comparison of Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Kudela Jakub
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a new chance-constrained optimization (CCO) formulation for the bulk carrier conceptual design. The CCO problem is modeled through the scenario design approach. We conducted extensive numerical experiments comparing the convergence of both canonical and state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms on the original and CCO formulations and showed that the CCO formulation is substantially more difficult to solve. The two best-performing methods were both found to be differential evolution-based algorithms. We then provide an analysis of the resulting solutions in terms of the dependence of the distribution functions of the unit transportation costs and annual cargo capacity of the ship design on the probability of violating the chance constraints.
Kinetic Optimization of the Batch Crystallization of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in the Presence of a Low-Solubility, Precipitating Impurity
Authors: Paolello Mitchell , Bichari Ilyes , Brouckaert Davinia , Francis Mirvatte , Yang Dawn , Capellades Gerard
Published: November 2023

The presence of impurities above regulatory thresholds has been responsible for recent recalls of pharmaceutical drugs. Crystallization is one of the most used separation processes to control impurities in the final drug. A particular issue emerges when impurities are poorly soluble in the crystallization solvent and simultaneously precipitate with the product. This publication reports the development of a population balance model to investigate if the impurity crystallization kinetics can be selectively inhibited in a seeded batch crystallization system containing acetaminophen (ACM), a commonly used small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and curcumin (CUR), a simulated low-solubility/co-precipitating impurity. Raman spectroscopy was used in combination with a partial least squares (PLS) model for in situ monitoring of the crystallization process. The Raman data were integrated to calibrate a population balance model in gPROMS FormulatedProducts, to predict the evolution of the product’s purity throughout the process. Process optimization demonstrated that a high purity close to equilibrium is feasible within the first 2 h of crystallization, with ACM seed purity being the primary factor controlling this phenomenon. The optimal approach for kinetically rejecting impurities requires a low nucleation rate for the impurity, high product seed purities, and an adjustable crystallization time so the process can be stopped before equilibrium without allowing the impurity to nucleate. Overall, an improvement in product purity before equilibrium is attainable if there is enough difference in growth kinetics between the product and impurity, and if one can generate relatively pure seed crystals.
Multiple Myeloma in 2023 Ways: From Trials to Real Life
Authors: Fazio Manlio , Del Fabro Vittorio , Parrinello Nunziatina Laura , Allegra Alessandro , Markovic Uroš , Botta Cirino , Accardi Fabrizio , Vincelli Iolanda Donatella , Leotta Salvatore , Elia Federica , Esposito Benedetta , Garibaldi Bruno , Sapuppo Gabriele , Orofino Alessandra , Romano Alessandra , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Di Raimondo Francesco , Conticello Concetta
Published: November 2023

Multiple myeloma is a chronic hematologic malignancy that obstinately tends to relapse. Basic research has made giant strides in better characterizing the molecular mechanisms of the disease. The results have led to the manufacturing of new, revolutionary drugs which have been widely tested in clinical trials. These drugs have been approved and are now part of the therapeutic armamentarium. As a consequence, it is essential to combine what we know from clinical trials with real-world data in order to improve therapeutic strategies. Starting with this premise, our review aims to describe the currently employed regimens in multiple myeloma and compare clinical trials with real-life experiences. We also intend to put a spotlight on promising therapies such as T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) which are proving to be effective in changing the course of advanced-stage disease.
Two New Nematode Species, Desmolaimus magnus sp. nov. (Monhysterida, Linhomoeidae) and Metadesmolaimus robustus sp. nov. (Monhysterida, Xyalidae), from the Yellow Sea, China with Phylogenetic Analyses within Linhomoeidae and Xyalidae
Authors: Guo Wen , Meng Zhiyu , Wang Chunming
Published: November 2023

Two new species are described from the Rizhao coast along the Yellow Sea. Desmolaimus magnus sp. nov. is characterized by its relatively large body size, faintly striated cuticle, four long cephalic setae, a wide buccal cavity with cuticularized transverse rings, an amphidial fovea at the junction of the buccal cavity and pharynx, a pharynx without a bulb, curved spicules, a gubernaculum with a dorso–caudal apophysis, and an elongated conical tail. Metadesmolaimus robustus sp. nov. is characterized by its relatively large body size, coarsely striated cuticle, spacious buccal cavity with cuticularized rings, six inner labial sensilla setiform, six outer labial setae, and four long cephalic setae. The pharynx is notably muscularized, and the spicules are straight and jointed with a slightly swollen proximal end and a hooked distal end. The gubernaculum is brownish and comma–shaped, and the tail is conico–cylindrical with terminal setae. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum–likelihood and Bayesin inference, based on small subunit and D2–D3 fragment of large subunit rDNA sequences, place Desmolaimus magnus sp. nov. within the framework of the family Linhomoeidae and Metadesmolaimus robustus sp. nov. within Xyalidae. Topology trees at the family level show genera Desmolaimus and Metadesmolaimus as paraphyletic groups, the genus Terschellingia as a monophylectic group, the genus Theristus as a monophylectic group based on SSU sequence, the genus Daptonema as a monophylectic group based on LSU sequence.
Successful Implementation of Image-Guided Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Therapy in Medulloblastomas
Authors: Das Anindita , Gaikwad Utpal , Krishnan Ganapathy , Rajendran Adhithyan , Patil Sushama , Subramaniam Preethi , Krishna Uday , Wakde Manoj G. , Chilukuri Srinivas , Jalali Rakesh
Published: November 2023

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children, while much rarer in adults. Although the prognosis and outcomes have greatly improved in the era of modern multidisciplinary management, long-term treatment-induced toxicities are common. Craniospinal irradiation followed by a boost to the primary and metastatic tumour sites forms the backbone of treatment. Proton therapy has been endorsed over conventional photon-based radiotherapy due to its superior dosimetric advantages and subsequently lower incidence and severity of toxicities. We report here our experience from South-East Asia’s first proton therapy centre of treating 40 patients with medulloblastoma (38 children and adolescents, 2 adults) who received image-guided, intensity-modulated proton therapy with pencil-beam scanning between 2019 and 2023, with a focus on dosimetry, acute toxicities, and early survival outcomes. All patients could complete the planned course of proton therapy, with mostly mild acute toxicities that were manageable on an outpatient basis. Haematological toxicity was not dose-limiting and did not prolong the overall treatment time. Preliminary data on early outcomes including overall survival and disease-free survival are encouraging, although a longer follow-up and data on long-term toxicities are needed.
Innovative Business Effort in a Mediterranean Region, Same Characteristics and/or Same Spatial Distribution?
Authors: García-Alcober María P. , Mateos-Ansótegui Ana Isabel , Pastor-Gosálbez María Teresa
Published: November 2023

Business innovation is fundamental for sustained economic growth at the regional level. Knowing the common characteristics of innovative companies and their location is essential to carry out appropriate economic policies. To this end, we have carried out a double analysis: one grouping of companies according to characteristics and another by geolocation. This study focused on one of Spain’s 17 autonomous communities, the Comunitat Valenciana, a region characterised by significant industrial diversity. Our results show, among other things, that size is not a differentiating factor when it comes to innovation, and that there is a positive relationship between physical clustering and productivity.
Antecedents and Mediators of Academic Satisfaction in Virtual Vocational Training
Authors: Figueredo José María , Molero-Jurado María del Mar , Vico-Sánchez María Francisca , Alonso-Delgado Salvador Hilario , Rosales-Jiménez José Javier , Torres-Rojas María Concepción , Zorrilla-Lozano Amparo , Segura-Morillas María José , Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen
Published: November 2023

At a time when distance vocational training is on the rise, it seems logical to investigate the variables that can affect the quality of such teaching. The usability of the virtual environment, as well as the behaviour and disposition of the teaching staff, emerge as key factors that influence burnout, engagement, and academic satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional sample of 208 distance vocational training students, the mediating role of burnout and academic engagement in the relationships established between the usability of the virtual environment, teacher support, and academic satisfaction was analysed. On the other hand, multiple regression analyses were carried out in order to investigate the relationships between the challenges and obstacles faced by distance vocational training students and their level of burnout or engagement. Our results confirm the mediating role of academic burnout and engagement in students’ academic satisfaction. Regression analyses suggest that the obstacles faced by distance vocational education and training (D-VET) students influence their level of academic burnout or engagement. Our findings are consistent with the current understanding of the role that certain variables play in the well-being of students and which, in turn, influence the quality of teaching.
Single Power Supply, Compact, Self-Adaptive Dynamic Range Lock-In Amplifiers
Authors: Yao Zheyi , Yuan Zhewen , Sui Xiubao , Chen Qian
Published: November 2023

To meet the high dynamic voltage or current range measuring in real-time in the modern electrical industry, ranging from the surface science to non-destructive testing, this paper reports two broad dynamic ranging, universal, and compact digital lock-in amplifier methods for the huge dynamic range signal, termed as the hybrid and all-digital amplifiers. Both have reduced the complex components required in the traditional amplifiers to only two or three components without sacrificing the measuring accuracy, even by less than 0.05% in some situations, which has been evaluated via simulations and experiments with the FPGA circuit. Additionally, benefiting from the single-power supply strategy, the proposed methods are suitable for portable devices, including the pocket spectrometer, mechanical resonator monitor, and powered on battery. Such results in this paper illustrate the phase coherent technology with a compact, universal, and integrated circuit with a promising future.
An Efficient Inverse Synthetic Aperture Imaging Approach for Non-Cooperative Space Targets under Low-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio Conditions
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Zhang Chengxiang , Liang Dujuan , Xie Xin
Published: November 2023

Due to the non-cooperative characteristics of space targets with complex motion, it is difficult to obtain high-quality inverse synthetic aperture (ISAR) images using conventional imaging approaches, posing a new challenge when designing novel approaches, especially under low-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) conditions. To overcome the obstacle above, in this work, an efficient ISAR imaging approach based on high-order synchrosqueezing transform and modified multi-scale retinex (HSTMMSR) is proposed. First, the geometry and signal model of non-cooperative space targets with complex motion are established. Second, the echoes in each range bin are modeled as multi-component polynomial phase signals (MCPPSs) after correcting the translational migration and migration through range cells (MTRCs). Additionally, the time–frequency analysis (TFA) method based on HoSST is utilized to generate the time–frequency signal along with the azimuth dimension, where the coarse ISAR image is obtained with the quality indicator, e.g., image entropy, followed by the MMSR method to enhance the result. Both the simulated and measured data experiments validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Modeling of Bacterial Cellulose-Based Composite
Authors: Caponetto Riccardo , Di Pasquale Giovanna , Graziani Salvatore , Pollicino Antonino , Sapuppo Francesca , Trigona Carlo
Published: November 2023

Bio-derived polymers are promising materials for the development of eco-friendly sensors. Composites, composed of bacterial cellulose sheets sandwiched between two layers of conducting polymers and infused with ionic liquids, exhibit generating properties when utilized as deformation sensors. The composite material underwent a frequency analysis to explore the relationship between the transduction property and the frequency of the applied mechanical deformation. A model identification was performed using the acquired experimental data. The linearity of the system was examined, and the findings show that a second-order system, adequately approximates the system’s dynamics.
Research on Full Premixed Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Non-Electric Gas Boiler
Authors: Shi Hong-Wei , Wang Hai-Peng
Published: November 2023

NOx has become one of the main culprits causing the global greenhouse effect, and excessive emissions of NOx can also cause some common diseases in humans. The denitrification of power plant boilers has been 100% popularized, and their denitrification efficiency has reached national and local environmental requirements (such as Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR). However, small gas boilers, due to their use of relatively clean fuels, have relatively low NOx emissions. But, local environmental protection departments have weak supervision of small clean fuel boilers, and these equipment generally lack specialized denitrification equipment, resulting in NOx emissions still not meeting standards. In addition, there are many small gas boilers, resulting in high total emissions. The fully premixed burner of a small gas boiler has the effect of suppressing NOx production during combustion. This study designed a surface porous burner with different combustion intensities at different positions. The experimental results and numerical calculations show that for horizontal combustion, the burner has different intake rates at different axial positions, enabling uniform combustion throughout the entire furnace, with NOx emissions below 30 mg/Nm3. The numerical simulation results show that the NOx emissions are 26.6 mg/m3. The calculated results are in good agreement with the actual situation. The generation of NOx is mainly thermal, with a maximum error of 15.4% between the calculated and experimental values. The difference between the calculated value of O and the experimental one is 5.1%. It can be seen that numerical simulation has considerable accuracy.
Renewable Cooperation Mechanisms in the EU: Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tedeschini Francesca Romana , Tuerk Andreas , Frieden Dorian
Published: November 2023

In 2018, the European Union (EU) adopted a recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), setting the framework for a common EU-wide 2030 target of 32.5% renewables in final energy consumption, for which Member States shall set national contributions. To address the disparities in national targets, the EU introduced three cooperation mechanisms: statistical transfers, joint support schemes, and joint projects. This paper provides an assessment of the utilization of cooperation mechanisms by Member States to meet the 2020 renewable energy target, offering recommendations for the RED III implementation. It analyzes the motivations of both buyer and seller countries, examines the patterns observed in concluded agreements, and interprets the dynamics of the market. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a literature review, analysis of official statistics and cooperation agreements, and interviews with government representatives involved in implementing these mechanisms. The study reveals areas for improvement and raises questions about the efficacy of the instruments and their alternatives. To enhance the effectiveness of renewable cooperation mechanisms, a more systemic approach is necessary. The proposed new financing mechanism can ensure certainty in financial allocation and support larger joint projects of European significance. Furthermore, it is anticipated that statistical transfers will continue to be utilized due to established bilateral relationships and the need for last-minute adjustments to achieve renewable energy targets. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in advancing renewable cooperation mechanisms and driving the EU’s progress towards a climate-neutral continent by 2050.
One-Step Ahead Control Using Online Interpolated Transfer Function for Supplementary Control of Air-Fuel Ratio in Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Choi Hyuk , Lee Ju-Hong , Yu Ji-Hoon , Moon Un-Chul , Kim Mi-Jong , Lee Kwang Y.
Published: November 2023

Recently, the environmental problem has become a global issue. The air to fuel ratio (AFR) in the combustion of thermal power plants directly influences pollutants and thermal efficiency. A research result was published showing that the AFR control performance of thermal power plants can be improved through supplementary control using dynamic matrix control (DMC). However, online optimization of DMC needs an extra computer server in implementation. This paper proposes a practical AFR control with one-step ahead control which does not use online optimization and can be implemented directly in existing distributed control system (DCS) of thermal power plants. Closed-loop transfer function models at three operating points are independently developed offline. Then, an online transfer function using interpolation of offline models is applied at each sampling step. A simple one-step ahead control with online transfer function is applied as a supplementary control of AFR. Simulations with two different type power plants, a 600 MW oil-fired drum-type power plant and a 1000 MW ultra supercritical (USC) coal-fired once-through type power plant, are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed control structure. Simulation results show that the proposed supplementary control can effectively improve the conventional AFR control performance of power plants.
Performance Assessment and Analysis of a 1 MW Three-Phase Photovoltaic Power Station Connected to a Factory’s Electrical Grid in Morocco
Authors: Eddahbi Halim , Benaaouinate Loubna , Khafallah Mohamed , El Afia Aziz
Published: November 2023

In this study, a performance assessment and analysis of a 1 MW three-phase photovoltaic (PV) power station connected to the electrical grid of a factory in Morocco are presented. The main objective of this research is to assess the performance of the PV power station and analyze its efficiency, energy generation, and operational characteristics. To accomplish this, a combination of field measurements, data analysis, and simulation techniques are used. The study begins by providing an extensive overview of the PV power station, including a thorough description of its main elements such as solar panels, inverters, transformers, and grid interconnection infrastructure. Furthermore, field measurements are conducted to collect data on solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and PV system power, as well as electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power factor. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the performance and economic viability of the PV power station. These insights can serve as guidance for renewable energy stakeholders, investors, and policymakers, facilitating the development of sustainable solar energy projects and contributing to renewable energy targets.
Enhancement of Condenser Performance in Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Systems Operating in Arid Climatic Zones—Selection of Best Option
Authors: Kaneesamkandi Zakariya , Almujahid Abdulaziz , Salim Basharat , Sayeed Abdul , AlFadda Waleed Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Generators and condensers are the two vital equipment items that determine the output of vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Arid weather conditions produce a significant reduction in the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle due to low condenser heat dissipation despite high generator temperatures. Although numerous studies on condenser cooling methods in vapor compression systems have been reported in the literature, solar-operated vapor absorption systems have not been studied. Limitations in generator temperatures of solar-operated vapor absorption systems necessitate a focused study in this area. This study makes the selection of the best choice for condenser cooling from among four different condenser cooling methods which have an impact on the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration system for effective cooling using solar energy. A solar vapor absorption refrigeration system working with low-grade heat using a compound parabolic collector is considered in this study. Analysis of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for cooling in arid weather conditions is carried out using different condenser cooling methods with Engineering Equation Solver. Initially, the model used in the study is compared with a similar study reported in the literature. Techniques considered are air, water, evaporative, and hybrid cooling techniques. The performance of the vapor absorption cooling system was analyzed using experimental values of a solar compound parabolic collector obtained from real-time measurements for simulating the model. Results show that water cooling can provide suitable condenser cooling and improve the coefficient of performance of the solar vapor absorption refrigeration system using the solar collector. The water-cooled condenser has 1.9%, 3.3%, and 2.1% higher COP when compared to air-cooled condensers for spring, summer, and autumn seasons respectively, whereas the water-cooled condenser cooling recorded 6%, 14%, and 8% higher COP relative to the evaporative cooling method. Cost comparison showed maximum cost for water-cooled condensers and minimum cost for hybrid-cooled condensers. The effect of each cooling method on the environment is discussed.