bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Magnetoresistance Sensors: A Review on Structures and Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing Applications
Authors: Rifai Damhuji , Abdalla Ahmed , Ali Kharudin , Razali Ramdan
Published: February 2016

Non-destructive eddy current testing (ECT) is widely used to examine structural defects in ferromagnetic pipe in the oil and gas industry. Implementation of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors as magnetic field sensors to detect the changes of magnetic field continuity have increased the sensitivity of eddy current techniques in detecting the material defect profile. However, not many researchers have described in detail the structure and issues of GMR sensors and their application in eddy current techniques for nondestructive testing. This paper will describe the implementation of GMR sensors in non-destructive testing eddy current testing. The first part of this paper will describe the structure and principles of GMR sensors. The second part outlines the principles and types of eddy current testing probe that have been studied and developed by previous researchers. The influence of various parameters on the GMR measurement and a factor affecting in eddy current testing will be described in detail in the third part of this paper. Finally, this paper will discuss the limitations of coil probe and compensation techniques that researchers have applied in eddy current testing probes. A comprehensive review of previous studies on the application of GMR sensors in non-destructive eddy current testing also be given at the end of this paper.
Management of Urban Wastewater on One of the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Ragazzi Marco , Catellani Riccardo , Rada Elena , Torretta Vincenzo , Salazar-Valenzuela Xavier
Published: February 2016

Since 1984, the Galapagos Islands have been included in the program UNESCO—MAB (Man and Biosphere Programme) due to the increasing need to safeguard their outstanding natural ecosystems and promote economic progress based on principles of sustainable development and environmentally friendly technologies. The Ecuadorian government, also by special laws, has legislated in favor of the environmental protection of the archipelago, with the intention to control the flow of migrants from the continent to the islands. Today, with the further problems created by the massive influx of tourists, is it necessary to establish planned areas of urban expansion that are already equipped with a suitable system of collection and treatment of wastewater. This paper focuses on the city of Puerto Ayora, the main town of the island of Santa Cruz, where increasing human pressure has led to, among various other consequences, an increase in water demand, which has highlighted the inadequacy of the current wastewater treatment system, based primarily on single-family septic tanks without additional depuration. Among the various actions proposed to solve the increasing health and environmental hazards, caused by the partially treated wastewater, a centralized sewer system for the drainage and the depuration of the wastewater produced by the users connected to the network has been proposed in order to serve the community of Puerto Ayora. This project is currently experiencing a slow implementation process due to technical difficulties. Our intention is to propose a different wastewater management system, which is modular, easily replicable and which requires low maintenance. A flexible and easily manageable system, such as that proposed, could be implemented in other contexts such as, for example, in developing countries. In this specific case, the main purpose of this study is to investigate how to ensure a healthy environment for tourists and residents, without neglecting our duty to respect the ecosystems of this extraordinary island, by defining a model of wastewater management which should be economically and technologically sustainable in this particular context. In fact, the soil, formed by lava rock does not allow for very deep excavations and being so far away from the mainland means that technologies that are easily maintainable on site must be deployed. The study was carried out according to the Millennium Development Goals, Ecuadorian legislation, the suggestions of the Pan American Health Organization, relevant scientific literature and some data collected from site surveys.
Daily Freeze–Thaw Cycles Affect the Transport of Metals in Streams Affected by Acid Drainage
Authors: Guerra Paula , Simonson Kyle , González Christian , Gironás Jorge , Escauriaza Cristian , Pizarro Gonzalo , Bonilla Carlos , Pasten Pablo
Published: February 2016

Stream flow rates with seasonal, daily, or hourly cycles due to freezing and thawing can control downstream chemical processes by changing the mixing ratio of reactive flows. The extent of these hydrologic-chemical interactions has not been fully realized yet. This work explored the link between daily freeze-thaw cycles and the fate and transport of metals at a model stream impacted by acid drainage. We characterized hydrological and physicochemical parameters at the confluence between the Caracarani River (pH ~8.6) and the Azufre River (pH < 2), in northern Chile. Hourly water depth, temperature, and electrical conductivity monitoring coupled with pH and turbidity measurements revealed that maximum flow rates from thawing of the Azufre River induced characteristic daily drops in pH and turbidity. Shifts in pH controlled the precipitation and dissolution of arsenic-rich iron and aluminum reactive phases. Thus freeze-thaw processes are critical at streams receiving acid drainage where iron and aluminum phases form and are likely to impact the fate and transport of toxic metals in the system. This work highlights the importance of assessing the hydrological controls on flows and mixing ratios when studying the chemical reactivity and fate of contaminants at systems affected by acid drainage.
Bayesian Theory Based Self-Adapting Real-Time Correction Model for Flood Forecasting
Authors: Wang Jun , Liang Zhongmin , Jiang Xiaolei , Li Binquan , Chen Li
Published: February 2016

Real-time correction models provide the possibility to reduce uncertainties in flood prediction. However, most traditional techniques cannot accurately capture many sources of uncertainty and provide a quantitative evaluation. To account for a wide variety of uncertainties in flood forecasts and overcome the limitations of stationary samples in a changing climate, a Bayesian theory based Self-adapting, Real-time Correction Model (BSRCM) was proposed. BSRCM uses the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA (n, m)) model as the prior distribution for the flood hydrograph, and the autoregressive model or order p (AR(p)) as the likelihood function to describe the likelihood relationship between the predicted and observed discharges, on the basis the posterior distribution of real values of discharge at any step can be deduced under the framework of Bayesian theory. Combined with the Xin’anjiang hydrological model, it was applied for flood forecasting in the Misai basin in southern China. Results from this study indicate that: (1) BSRCM can achieve a good precision and perform better than AR(p) in the study region; (2) BSRCM provides not only deterministic results but also rich uncertainty information for real-time correction results, such as the mean, error variance, and confidence intervals of flow discharge at any time during the flood event; (3) BSRCM can achieve better performance with a longer lead time; (4) BSRCM can achieve a good precision even with a small sample for parameter estimates. In addition to good precision, BSRCM can also provide further scientific grounding in flood control, operations and decision making for risk management.
De la dentelle sioniste. Une entreprise ethno-religieuse et féminine à la Belle Époque en Palestine
Authors: Vilmain Vincent
Published: February 2016

Après avoir expérimenté sans succès la mixité politique, le sionisme politique féminin est refondé selon le principe d’une action sexuellement différenciée. Les femmes laissent la politique aux hommes et s’arrogent la culture, se donnant pour objectif d’ancrer les ferments de la renaissance nationale dans les esprits juifs à travers deux symboles principaux, la langue : l’hébreu et la terre : la Palestine. C’est en ce sens qu’est créé le Verband Jüdischer Frauen für Kulturarbeit in Palästina (Association des femmes juives pour un travail culturel en Palestine). A côté d’autres activités, ce sont les ateliers de dentelle qui vont rapidement occuper le devant de la scène. Fondés en partie sur les subventions de l’association, les ateliers peinent à trouver des débouchés à leurs produits dans un contexte de forte concurrence sur le marché de la dentelle orientale en Europe.
Des moines entrepreneurs. Coûts et avantages de la structure religieuse pour l’activité économique
Authors: Jonveaux Isabelle
Published: February 2016

Les moines sont connus en France pour leurs produits gastronomiques séculaires : vin, fromage et bière qui font partie du patrimoine national. Cependant la vie monastique n’a pas pour but premier de développer des entreprises économiques et vise au contraire à se retirer du monde pour se consacrer pleinement à Dieu. Comment se fait-il donc que les monastères aient développé des activités économiques particulièrement performantes ? L’indépendance de la société a pour conséquence que les communautés doivent elles-mêmes trouver le moyen de subvenir à leurs besoins. Cet article vise à étudier comment les moines allient vie économique et vie contemplative, quelles stratégies ils développent pour intégrer les activités économiques dans la vie religieuse sans altérer cette dernière. Grâce à des enquêtes de terrain menées dans cinq pays d’Europe dans des monastères essentiellement de la famille bénédictine, l’article montre comment les moines aujourd’hui tentent de construire une économie alternative répondant aux valeurs de la vie monastique.
Le deuxième temps de l’adolescence
Authors: Vanier Alain
Published: February 2016

À partir de considérations sur l’adolescence, en particulier celles de Winnicott, ainsi que de l’enseignement de Lacan et d’un cas clinique, plusieurs propositions sont avancées sur la relation entre l’adolescence et le temps. Les conséquences de cette relation sont alors situées en référence à la métaphore paternelle (Lacan).
Faire de l’impossible un métier
Authors: Lollo Paolo
Published: February 2016

Dans l’alphabet hébraïque, il est impossible de prononcer l’ Aleph , sa première lettre. Cependant, Aleph ouvre à la séquence des lettres de l’alphabet, à la possibilité de leur existence, à commencer par la lettre Beit . De son côté, Beit Ham, la « Maison chaleureuse », qui accueille des jeunes en difficulté et en mal de vivre, se fonde sur un impossible, un interdit : celui d’exclure. Rappelons que Freud avait repris avec humour le vieux dicton qui déclare qu’éduquer, soigner et gouverner sont des métiers impossibles. À cette liste, il ajoute le métier de psychanalyste, mais sans expliquer vraiment en quoi il serait impossible. Cet article avance l’hypothèse que ces quatre métiers essaient tous de répondre à l’appel, à l’invocation du réel à laquelle il est impossible de donner une réponse suffisamment adéquate. Pour la psychanalyse, c’est le symptôme qui appelle et fait signe. « Le réel, c’est l’impossible », dit Lacan, qu’il définit aussi comme « ce qui ne cesse pas de ne pas s’écrire ». Comment ces trois métiers arrivent-ils à déjouer cette prison du réel (impossible) qui empêche toute écriture ? Comment la psychanalyse peut-elle essayer d’écrire sans rester prisonnière d’une nouvelle nécessité (« ce qui ne cesse pas de s’écrire ») ? Comment sortir de l’impossible et ouvrir au possible ?
Susciter du désir chez le jeune : transfert sur le lieu et transmission
Authors: Rividi Dominique
Published: February 2016

À un moment où les décideurs et les acteurs sociaux sont en recherche d’efficacité et de nouvelles techniques qui facilitent l’action psychosociale et éducative, il est essentiel de ne pas oublier que le moteur du changement et du mieux-être est l’accès au désir du sujet social et psychique, celui des membres de l’équipe et celui des jeunes. L’association Beit Ham est le fruit de la rencontre et du désir de cinq personnes qui ont tâché de transmettre quelque chose de ce désir. Elle s’est inspirée de la psychothérapie institutionnelle et met en pratique le tissage d’un réseau de liens entre des sujets adolescents qui désirent être là ensemble, dans la rencontre, dans le club de jeunes qu’ils partagent, entre les jeunes et les éducateurs, entre les membres de l’équipe, ou bien au sein des instances associatives. C’est la place que chacun peut prendre comme sujet dans ce projet commun, la récurrence du « vivre-ensemble » et les phénomènes transférentiels qui s’y nouent qui sont les véritables acteurs de la fonction thérapeutique.
Le point accueil jeunes de saint-denis... à l’interface de l’éducatif, du social et du thérapeutique
Authors: Savelli Françoise
Published: February 2016

Le Point accueil jeunes ( paj ) a été mis en place en 1997 par l’association Santé mentale et culture de l’intersecteur de pédopsychiatrie d’un dispositif intermédiaire d’accueil en libre accès pour des adolescents en difficulté. C’est un lieu de vie alternatif proposant une nouvelle structuration des rapports humains (psychothérapie institutionnelle) dans un environnement « suffisamment bon » (Winnicott) où les médiations sociales transculturelles prennent une profonde potentialité thérapeutique. Il s’agit de construire des « praticables », des espaces du dire, du jeu, qui permettent de fabriquer du lien partagé avec les autres. Rencontre avec le collectif où il s’agit de reconnaître à chacun la singularité de la souffrance individuelle, en construisant au fil des rencontres une thérapeutique sur mesure. C’est un dispositif où la psychanalyse comme principe est accessible au tout-venant et n’est pas uniquement réservée à des initiés ou à une classe aisée.
Trouvaille de la page blanche
Authors: Gassmann Xavier
Published: February 2016

L’expérience développée dans le cadre d’un projet de rescolarisation à destination de jeunes ayant quitté le circuit lycéen sans qualification, conduit l’école à se pencher sur un reste . La voilà convoquée à rencontrer celui-là même qui l’avait quittée et à poser un regard autre, au-delà des assignations habituelles. Cette modification n’est pas seulement ponctuelle. Elle introduit à un autre rapport au savoir, tant pour l’équipe enseignante que pour l’élève. Dans ce contexte, dans quelle mesure le sujet trouve-t-il la possibilité de négocier une nouvelle position dans son désir épistémophilique ?
Valuing the Recreational Services of a Marine and Terrestrial Natural Protected Area: A Travel Cost Analysis of Port-Cros National Park
Authors: Blayac Thierry , Hamadé Fady , Salles Jean-Michel
Published: February 2016

Mettre en évidence la valeur des espaces naturels est un élément déterminant de légitimation des contraintes que leur protection impose à certaines activités. Nous utilisons la méthode des coûts de déplacement pour analyser la valeur récréative du Parc National de Port-Cros (France), le premier parc marin créé en Europe et actuellement un espace naturel protégé marin et terrestre situé sur et autour des îles méditerranéennes de Port-Cros et Porquerolles. Un échantillon de 600 visiteurs a été interrogé en plusieurs endroits sur le site. Afin d’obtenir des coûts du temps et du trajet appropriés pour les voyages multi-destination, une échelle de motivation est introduite pour pondérer les coûts en fonction de l’influence du Parc dans la décision de visiter la région. Le coût d’opportunité du temps est estimé selon deux méthodes dont les résultats sont discutés. Les valeurs obtenues pour le surplus des consommateurs mettent en évidence le caractère unique du site qui peut être relié à la situation insulaire et au fait qu’une zone de protection marine accessible à un grand nombre de visiteurs reste exceptionnelle.
Les catégories de victimes en droit pénal français
Authors: Terryn Fabienne
Published: February 2016

Loin de porter systématiquement le masque impersonnel d’ autrui ou d’une personne , la victime de l’infraction apparaît de plus en plus souvent, dans la loi, sous les traits particuliers d’une catégorie de personnes. L’objet du présent article consiste non seulement à identifier qui sont ces catégories de victimes que le droit pénal surprotège mais encore à comprendre comment se justifie leur traitement préférentiel. Se pose alors inévitablement, en filigrane, la question du respect du principe d’égalité.
La prise en compte médiévale de la victime dans quelques traités criminels et statuts urbains
Authors: Lault Marie-Clotilde
Published: February 2016

Le mot « victime » n’apparaît pas dans les sources médiévales. La victime est appelée persona offensa ou pars laesa . À l’instar du droit romain, le droit médiéval n’admet pas d’estimation du corps humain. La réparation consiste seulement en l’estimation des préjudices patrimoniaux subis par la victime. Il s’agit d’abord de comprendre comment un individu est reconnu par le droit persona offensa . Puis, il s’agit de montrer que les réparations, prévues par le droit, peuvent être à caractère privé ou public.
Evaluación de la accesibilidad web de los portales del Estado en Perú
Authors: Sam-Anlas Carlos Antonio , Stable-Rodríguez Yudayly
Published: February 2016

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio para evaluar la accesibilidad de la página principal de algunos portales del Estado en Perú. La evaluación de la accesibilidad se ha realizado a partir del cumplimiento de las prioridades de la accesibilidad web contempladas en la legislación peruana, así como en las iniciativas de accesibilidad (WAI) establecidas por el World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), en la recomendación WCAG 1.0 y WCAG 2.0. Para tal fin, se identificaron cinco portales los cuales contaban con mayor acceso e importancia en el momento de la investigación y con la utilización de herramientas manuales y automáticas, se obtuvieron los resultados, que muestran las barreras y deficiencias en el acceso a la información a personas que tienen algún tipo de discapacidad.
Ranking de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas en la gestión del personal
Authors: Simón-Martín José , Simón-Blas Clara , Arias-Coello Alicia
Published: February 2016

Los objetivos de este trabajo son dos. En primer lugar, identificar aquellas bibliotecas universitarias públicas españolas que durante los años 2008 y 2012 han sido las mejores en el ámbito de la eficiencia en su gestión del personal y que, por tanto, pueden ser consideradas como referentes en la mejora de la eficiencia; en segundo término comparar las diferencias existentes en la organización del personal entre las bibliotecas más ineficientes y las más eficientes en dicha área. El cálculo de la eficiencia se ha realizado mediante la técnica de análisis envolvente de datos (Data Envelopment Analisis-DEA); así mismo, para el establecimiento de un ranking entre las bibliotecas eficientes se han utilizado los métodos de contar el número de unidades de referencia, el cálculo de la super-eficiencia y la evaluación cruzada. Las bibliotecas analizadas muestran en su conjunto una eficiencia global y técnica pura alta. De entre las bibliotecas eficientes, dos de ellas ocupan el primer lugar de la clasificación en los dos años estudiados. Estas dos bibliotecas disponen de una organización del personal diferente a las dos consideradas como más ineficientes.
Los sectores institucionales en la producción científica española de difusión internacional
Authors: González–Albo Borja , Aparicio Javier , Moreno Luz , Bordons María
Published: February 2016

Los sectores institucionales, como agrupaciones de centros con características similares en su actividad y orientación a la investigación, constituyen una interesante unidad de análisis que puede servir además como marco de referencia en los estudios de I+D. El análisis de la producción científica de España (2000–2011) recogida en la base de datos Web of Science permite observar el predominio del sector universitario (66%), seguido de los Organismos Públicos de Investigación (OPI) (23%) y del sector sanitario (18%). Las entidades sin ánimo de lucro (ESAL) (10%), que incluyen tanto las Entidades Tradicionales sin Ánimo de Lucro (ETSAL) como las nuevas Estructuras de Investigación sin Ánimo de Lucro (EISAL), muestran junto con los OPI los valores más altos de impacto, tanto a través de indicadores basados en el factor de impacto de sus revistas de publicación – posición normalizada, porcentaje de artículos en primer cuartil – como de las citas recibidas por sus artículos. La Universidad presenta el perfil de producción más distribuido entre las distintas áreas temáticas, y es el único sector especializado en determinados campos como Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades o Matemáticas, mientras que el Sector Sanitario muestra una alta especialización en Medicina Clínica. A lo largo del periodo los distintos sectores tienden a aumentar su producción, obtener indicadores de impacto más elevados e incrementar su investigación en colaboración e internacionalización. Destaca el auge experimentado por las entidades sin ánimo de lucro, y en particular por las EISAL, que incrementan de forma muy llamativa su producción y realizan investigación de alto impacto relativo, sobre todo en el área biomédica. No se observa relación entre las áreas de especialización de los sectores y aquéllas en las que obtienen el mayor impacto.
Academic Achievement and Demographics of International Undergraduates
Authors: Dorado Dulce Amor L. , Fass-Holmes Barry
Published: February 2016

Are international undergraduates whose native language is not English less prepared to succeed academically at an American four-year institution after transferring from an American community college than ones who are first-time freshmen (NFRS) or exchange visitors (EAPR)? This question's answer was no at an American West Coast public university where five cohorts of international transfer undergraduates (TRAN) earned mean first-year grade point averages (GPA) between B- and B. Less than 12% of these students earned GPAs below C, and less than 15% were in bad academic standing (probation, subject to disqualification, or dismissed). In comparison, five parallel cohorts of NFRS and EAPR earned mean first-year GPAs averaging between B and B+ to A-. Less than 10% earned GPAs below C or were in bad academic standing. Thus, a minority of this university's international undergraduates struggled academically regardless of whether they were TRAN, NFRS, or EAPR.
Performance Analysis of Unified Power Quality Controller for a Two Bus System with Different types of Loads
Authors: Srikakolapu Jaideep , Sharma Toshi
Published: February 2016

In this chapter, a Unified Power Quality Conditioning (UPQC) system has been presented for a two bus system. This is capable of compensating voltage and current disturbances simultaneously in a two bus system. In this topology one shunt voltage source converter (VSC) and two series VSC are present. All the converters are connected back to back on the dc side with a common dc link capacitor. Power transfer from one feeder to other feeder is made through this dc link during sag/swell and interruption. The performance of the UPQC and the proposed control algorithm has been validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment on a two bus system.
Smart Grid
Authors: Prakash Satya , Saxena Vivek , Jaiswal Swati
Published: February 2016

The authors in this chapter have put in efforts to throw light on optimization of power through the emerging technology- Smart Grid. The chapter has been divided in part which cover each section associated with the smart grid. The chapter starts with the knowhow of the system and goes till the implementation challenges. The authors have focused on the challenges associated, like cyber security, interconnection, power quality and many more. The challenges have been discussed with its significance. The most emerging technology to be harnessed to maximum, authors have also dealt with the possible solutions to the problems prevalent in the implementation of the smart grid technology. Generally the problem with the frame work has been with the integration and data handling. The chapter will help the researchers to further investigate the associated area of smart grid and find solutions to problems in smart grid.
Building Automation Systems
Authors: Bhatt Jignesh G.
Published: February 2016

Building Automation Systems (BAS) have started attracting focus of global research community and demonstrating rapid growth potential due to their transformation from the legacy stand-alone security systems into intelligent computerized wired or wireless communication technology based solutions. Amid rising concerns over energy and security globally, BAS demonstrates commendable outperformance with promising research and commercial opportunities. Rising energy costs, stringent energy requirements and vibrant, but abnormal-unpredictable swings in environment, etc. all have contributed immensely as driving forces for BAS developments. This chapter presents the learning outcomes from author's research work and experiences in terms of instrumentation engineer's perspective towards the focused area nicely supported by literature review as well as practical hands-on exposure. The chapter judiciously puts forth historical and modern perspectives in overall development of BAS for reader's digest.
Discernment of Youth towards E-Retailing in Asian and Gulf Marketing Territories
Authors: Mathews Soney , Varshney Seema , Jassel Jagdeep Singh
Published: February 2016

Internet has created an opportunities for businesses especially retailers to stay connected with customers in the era of globalization. The customers can make purchases in a faster and convenient manner with the use of internet. E- Retailing is becoming very prominent and is being accepted by every age group across the world over the last few decades. Customers are embracing the shift from physical store to virtual store for purchase of products. E- Commerce has been grown very fast because of many advantages associated with buying on internet because of lower transaction and search cost as compared to other types of shopping. Through online shopping consumers can buy faster, more alternatives and can order product and services with comparative lowest price. (Cuneyt and Gautam 2004). This research paper will focus on youth of different social, national cultural backgrounds and their perception and attitude towards e-retailing .This also attempts to find out the important factors that make them loyal towards a particular marketer, without personal interaction.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Authors: Gul Saleem
Published: February 2016

This chapter covers a lot of groundwork and provides and quick and through introduction to the concepts and underlying discussions on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The chapter provides a detailed discussion based on extant literature in an effort to differentiate between disputes and conflicts. Then some of the common confusions between terms commonly used in ADR are addressed. Following which various key government acts and reports that shape the state of ADR are discussed. Because of their length, therefore only those concerns within the documents that directly address ADR or are related to ADR are discussed. It remains a burden on the readers to access these documents themselves to fully appreciate their content.
Leadership in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Keil Lauren J. , Jerome Angela M.
Published: February 2016

When faced with crises organizational leaders must identify, prioritize, and communicate with organizational stakeholders. Increasingly, organizational leaders find themselves responding to crises made by persons that represent or are associated with the organization in some way. However, most case studies of image repair campaigns focus on the individual that has transgressed rather than on the often simultaneous campaigns undertaken by the organizations with which they are associated. To study these issues more closely, this chapter uses The Ohio State University's (OSU's) tattoos for memorabilia scandal as exemplar and offers meaningful insight and pragmatic considerations for practitioners dealing with similar situational constraints.
Communication, Culture, and Discord
Authors: Jackson Keith , Rasheed Reema
Published: February 2016

This case study highlights and examines an avoidable failure of management communication and leadership in a non-governmental organization (NGO). The case study draws on a real-life example of a NGO that was established in Palestine with European Union (EU) funding and that became subsequently staffed by a team composed of local Palestinian employees and expatriate non-Palestinians who, as is commonly the case in international NGOs, were appointed to executive management and leadership roles. Overall, this case study highlights processes of cross-cultural communication between the local employees, the expatriate employees, and (indirectly) with senior executives of the EU funding agencies, whose distant yet decisive influence give a broader context to the localized communication and conflict management processes described and analyzed here. Finally, recommendations are made for future research specific to effective communication, leadership and conflict resolution in international organizations generally and in Palestinian organizations specifically.
Conflict of Interest or Community of Collaboration?
Authors: Cockburn Tom , Smith Peter A. C. , Martins Blanca Maria , Valles Ramon Salvador
Published: February 2016

In this chapter we aim to consider both dialectical and dialogical systems, local and regional policies and practice implications for the communication and management of the creative as well as destructive conflict within networks and what else may be needed by cooperating parties as a support infrastructure to assist the development and growth of SME innovation networks. We firstly outline key terms, concepts and issues about innovation, collaboration and the goals set for business incubators by the European Union and globally, contrasting these with each other. We provide an overview of the role of key stakeholders, systems and research analyses, discussion and recommendations indicating our own. These recommendations will be informed by some case studies we have been engaged in as well as the wider research literature canon on these topics.
Virtual Team Management for Higher Performance
Authors: Chen Edward T.
Published: February 2016

This chapter aims to explore the increasing utilization of virtual teams in the existing globally competitive and complex business environment of the 21st century. With virtual teams, companies can expand their talent pool beyond geographical barriers. Furthermore, they can incorporate a follow-the-sun process in their business strategy. Combined, this leveraged approach can better position companies to meet market demands in a more timely and cost-effective manner. To achieve this competitive advantage, business leaders must thoroughly understand the challenges associated with developing and managing virtual teams. This chapter examines the reasons for utilizing virtual teams, challenges that stem from diversity, structural and behavioral characteristics, managerial considerations for effective leadership, supporting technologies, best practices, and future implications.
Surface Quality Prediction in Case of Steep Free Form Surface Milling
Authors: Mikó Balázs
Published: February 2016

The machining of free form surfaces is a current and important issue in die and mould industry. Beside the complex geometry, an accurate and productive machining and good surface quality are needed. The finishing milling carried out by a ball-end or toroid milling cutter defines the surface quality, which is characterized by the surface roughness and the tool path trace. The surface quality is defined by the properties of the milling cutter, the type of surface and its position, as well as the cutting parameters. This article focuses on the z-level milling of steep surfaces by 2.5D milling strategy. The importance of the different elements of the tool path is presented, the effect of cutting parameters is investigated, and a formula to predict the surface roughness is suggested.
Performance of Norton Quantum Grinding Wheels
Authors: Neslušan Miroslav , Baďurová Jitka , Mičietová Anna , Čiliková Maria
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with cutting ability of progressive Norton Quantum grinding wheel during grinding roll bearing steel 100Cr6 of hardness 61 HRC. Cutting ability of this wheel is compared with conventional grinding wheel and based on measurement of grinding forces as well as surface roughness. Results of experiments show that Norton Quantum grinding wheels are capable of long term grinding cycles at high removal rates without unacceptable occurrence of grinding chatter and surface burn whereas application of conventional wheel can produce excessive vibration and remarkable temper colouring of ground surface. Moreover, while Norton Quantum grinding wheel gives nearly constant grinding forces and surface roughness within ground length at higher removal rates, conventional grinding wheel (as that reported in this study) does not.
Application of Value Stream Mapping at Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Tamás Péter
Published: February 2016

Nowadays the lean philosophy is very important in the improvement of the manufacturing processes. The value stream mapping is a fundamental lean device which can decrease the material-and information flow wastes. This paper introduces in details the static and dynamic value stream mapping’s method and it summarizes the application possibilities of these devices. There are numerous research directions in this topic which will be outlined in this paper.
Influence of Grinding Wheel Dressing on the Roughness of Final Surface and Cutting Force during GGG60 Grinding
Authors: Novák Martin , Naprstkova Natasa , Kasuga Hiroshi
Published: February 2016

Dressing of grinding wheel is important value, which can influence final surface. Therefore, it is necessary to address this issue some attention. Dressing is used for sharpening of clogged and blunted grinding wheel and adjustement of their geometric shape. The article deals with one of the experiments that are carried out in this area at FPTM JEPU in Ústí nad Labem. Experiments refer specifically to impact assessment of dressing size on the final selected values of surface integrity. Within the article, the assessment covered the surface roughness Ra, Rz and Rt. At the same time were also scanned using a dynamometer Kistler components of the cutting forces and even here it was possible to observe the influence of the dressing size of the grinding wheel on these values.
Simulation of the Transient Temperature Field when Laser Machining Polymeric Materials
Authors: Pata Vladimír , Sýkorová Libuše , Šuba Oldřich , Kubišová Milena
Published: February 2016

The paper deals with possibilities of using the laser in technologies. The parametric temperature field analysis was realized by the finite element method. The analysis was run in COSMOS/M software solver. A thermal module HSTAR makes it possible to realize cases of the temperature dependences on the material properties. Material data can be entered as a function of a temperature. The thermal and physical characteristics of the polymeric materials change significantly. The output of the analysis was described by spectrograms with temperature field distribution of various materials.
Analysis of Micro-Milling of Hardened Tool Steel
Authors: Sredanovic Branislav , Globocki Lakic Gordana , Kramar Davorin , Kopac Janez
Published: February 2016

The development of industry in the last ten years has caused the production of parts with relatively small dimensions. This has led to intensive development of efficient micro-technologies through research of processes, machines and tools. This paper presents the research of machinability, channels micro-milling in AISI D2 tool steel (X155CrVMo-5), hardened to 62 HRc. As the tool is used micro-milling cutter with diameter of 0.6 mm and relatively large working length of 5 mm. Analysis of surface roughness, burr on workpiece edges and reduction of cutter diameter due tool wear was performed.
The Formation and Behaviour of Residual Stresses with Finished Surfaces
Authors: Holešovsky Frantisek , Lattner Radek , Novák Martin , Dian Milan
Published: February 2016

The single tool grains affect the workpiece surface during grinding in the separated areas of deformation. The elastic and consequently plastic deformations occur at the engagement of grains. The friction of grain and material likewise the friction of elementary chip and grain acts simultaneously. These phenomena are accompanied with an origination of great amount of heat and high pressures and that is the reason for residual stress origin and formation in the ground surface. The residual stress is an important factor in influencing usable properties of machine parts. The stress influences not only the dynamical load capacity of surface but the durability and quality of design units as well. This stress is considered as the source of so called technological notches, having an influence on corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and dimension stability of machine parts.
The venom and the toxicity of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). A review of three decades of research in Italian laboratories and future perspectives
Authors: Morabito Rossana , Marino Angela , La Spada Giuseppina , Pane Luigi , Mariottini Gian Luigi
Published: February 2016

Recurrent outbreaks of Pelagia noctiluca and health problems consequent to stings were recorded during the last decades. This phenomenon forced some Italian University laboratories to study this cnidarian. The first studies concerned the distribution, biochemical composition and morphology of nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca. The discharge mechanism of nematocysts was defined starting from early 1980s when enzymes, cations, anions, and pH were observed to have an influence on this process. Notably, trypsin, extreme pH values, some anions (I–, Cl–, SCN–), and thioglycolate were seen to induce, while La3+ and Gd3+ to prevent, nematocyst discharge. The discharge of both in situ and isolated nematocyst was found to be Ca2+ dependent. Furthermore, Pelagia noctiluca nematocysts were seen to retain their discharging capacity in distilled water. The toxicological evaluations were carried out mainly using the crude venom from Pelagia noctiluca because, unfortunately, to date the composition of venom remains unknown. Hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of crude venom have been evaluated on erythrocytes and cultured guinea-pig fibroblasts, mouse fibroblasts, and cancer (neuroblastoma) cells. The activity of Pelagia noctiluca venom on other cnidarians has been also assessed. The crude venom induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen species generation and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, loss of mitochondrial integrity, and alteration of cell membrane permeability. A pore-forming action mechanism on mitochondrial membrane with oxidative damage was also suggested. The protective activity of some compounds against envenomations has been also evaluated. Future challenges will concern the attempts to characterize the venom and to perform a wider screening of cytotoxicity induced to normal and cancer cells.
The effect of short term rest after handling stress on electrocardiogram indices in goat
Authors: Samimi Amir Saeed , Tajik Javad , Bakhshaei Somayeh , Mirjordavi Adel
Published: February 2016

This study examined the effects of short term rest after handling stress on electrocardiographic parameters, and evaluated the probable effects of age and sex on them. It was performed on 40 clinically healthy pure Raini goats. The animals were divided into four groups consisting of 10 male kids (up to one year old, 15-20 kg body weight), 10 female kids (up to one year old, 15-20 kg body weight), 10 female adult goats (1-5 years old, 25-35 kg body weight) and 10 male adult goats (1-3 years old, 20-40 kg body weight). Five minutes after transporting animals to a standing stock, the electrocardiograms were obtained from each goat. Our results showed that the proportion of sinus tachycardia in stress was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other cardiac arrhythmia in this study. It seems that the insignificant change in heart rate as a result of short term rest was due to insufficient time to reduce the effects of handling stress, and it was concluded that cardiac arrhythmias observed in the clinically healthy Cashmere goats in stress periods could be accepted as the physiological arrhythmias, so no treatment is necessary.
Electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Chios sheep
Authors: Chalmeh Aliasghar , Saadat Akhtar Iman , Zarei Mohamad Hadi , Badkoubeh Mehrdad
Published: February 2016

Information regarding normal electrocardiographic features of different breeds of animals can help veterinarians to detect any abnormalities in cardiac electrical activities. The current research was conducted to present the normal electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Chios ewes and lambs. The electrocardiograms were recorded from clinically healthy Chios ewes (n=27; 2-3 years old) and lambs (n=20; 4-6 months old) by using base apex lead system. T and QRS-duration in lambs were significantly lower than adult Chios ewes. The electrocardiographic amplitudes in lambs were lower than ewes, non-significantly. P-R, R-R, Q-T and S-T intervals in Chios lambs were significantly lower than ewes. No normal sinus rhythm was detected in Chios lambs. The proportion of sinus arrhythmia and sinus tachycardia in lambs was significantly more than ewes. Sino-atrial block was also detected in lambs. Based on the presented data it could be stated that aging can affect electrocardiographic findings of Chios sheep. Finally, our results will provide a good basis for judging the electrocardiograms in base apex lead system of Chios lambs and ewes.
A qualitative investigation of the role of paediatric rehabilitation professionals in rural South Africa: Rehabilitation professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Mathye Desmond , Eksteen Carina
Published: February 2016

Purpose: To investigate the role that rehabilitation professionals play in the rehabilitation of children with disabilities in the rural and under-resourced community of Giyani in South Africa.Method: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach was used. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from a convenient sample of eight rehabilitation professionals. Data were transcribed verbatim by two trained students and verified by the main researcher. An inductive approach to qualitative data analysis was used. In vivo and open coding were used to generate codes.Results: Analysis of data resulted in 21 codes, 9 subcategories, 5 categories and 1 theme. The role of rehabilitation professionals was described in terms of the five categories which are to examine newborn babies and children at risk, support caregivers of children with disabilities, impart skills training for caregivers of children with disabilities, rehabilitate children with disabilities and conduct follow-ups in communities where the children with disabilities reside.Conclusion: The role that rehabilitation professionals play in the rural and under-resourced community of Giyani in South Africa is similar to the role played in high-income countries. The role that rehabilitation professionals play is not only focused on the child but also on the family.
Challenges faced by gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) students at a South African university
Authors: Sithole Sello
Published: February 2016

This article explores the academic and social challenges experienced by students from the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (glbt) community on campus at a South African university. A qualitative study to investigate some of these academic and social challenges experienced by glbt students at a university campus was conducted. The population of the study was all students from glbt community on campus and a purposive sample of twelve (12) respondents was constituted and a semi-structured interview guide was designed and administered to all twelve (12) participants. Data were audio recorded and transcribed. Content analysis which is a method used to systematically analyse the meaning of communications was used to analyse data. Of central interest were the core themes that speakers referred to, the information or messages that they wanted to pass on to their audience. The findings suggest that glbt students grapple with issues such as labelling, sexual abuse, discrimination/marginalisation and unfairness in the allocation of resources such as accommodation. In response to these cancerous societal ills, the helping professions exhort practitioners to empower vulnerable populations, promote social justice, support client self-determination and keep abreast of current knowledge relevant to professional practice. This article concludes with a set of recommendations on some of the strategies to address the identified socio-academic challenges.
What controls the vertical distribution of aerosol? Relationships between process sensitivity in HadGEM3–UKCA and inter-model variation from AeroCom Phase II
Authors: Kipling Zak , Stier Philip , Johnson Colin E. , Mann Graham W. , Bellouin Nicolas , Bauer Susanne E. , Bergman Tommi , Chin Mian , Diehl Thomas , Ghan Steven J. , Iversen Trond , Kirkevåg Alf , Kokkola Harri , Liu Xiaohong , Luo Gan , van Noije Twan , Pringle Kirsty J. , von Salzen Knut , Schulz Michael , Seland Øyvind , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsigaridis Kostas , Zhang Kai
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The vertical profile of aerosol is important for its radiative effects, but weakly constrained by observations on the global scale, and highly variable among different models. To investigate the controlling factors in one particular model, we investigate the effects of individual processes in HadGEM3–UKCA and compare the resulting diversity of aerosol vertical profiles with the inter-model diversity from the AeroCom Phase II control experiment. In this way we show that (in this model at least) the vertical profile is controlled by a relatively small number of processes, although these vary among aerosol components and particle sizes. We also show that sufficiently coarse variations in these processes can produce a similar diversity to that among different models in terms of the global-mean profile and, to a lesser extent, the zonal-mean vertical position. However, there are features of certain models' profiles that cannot be reproduced, suggesting the influence of further structural differences between models. In HadGEM3–UKCA, convective transport is found to be very important in controlling the vertical profile of all aerosol components by mass. In-cloud scavenging is very important for all except mineral dust. Growth by condensation is important for sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol (along with aqueous oxidation for the former and ageing by soluble material for the latter). The vertical extent of biomass-burning emissions into the free troposphere is also important for the profile of carbonaceous aerosol. Boundary-layer mixing plays a dominant role for sea salt and mineral dust, which are emitted only from the surface. Dry deposition and below-cloud scavenging are important for the profile of mineral dust only. In this model, the microphysical processes of nucleation, condensation and coagulation dominate the vertical profile of the smallest particles by number (e.g. total CN  >  3 nm), while the profiles of larger particles (e.g. CN  >  100 nm) are controlled by the same processes as the component mass profiles, plus the size distribution of primary emissions. We also show that the processes that affect the AOD-normalised radiative forcing in the model are predominantly those that affect the vertical mass distribution, in particular convective transport, in-cloud scavenging, aqueous oxidation, ageing and the vertical extent of biomass-burning emissions.