bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of Instability-driven Nanojets in Coronal Loops
Authors: Sukarmadji A. Ramada C. , Antolin Patrick , McLaughlin James A.
Published: August 2022

The recent discovery of nanojets by Antolin et al. represents magnetic reconnection in a braided field, thus clearly identifying reconnection-driven nanoflares. Due to their small scale (500 km in width, 1500 km in length) and short timescales (<15 s), it is unclear how pervasive nanojets are in the solar corona. In this paper, we present Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Solar Dynamics Observatory observations of nanojets found in multiple coronal structures, namely, in a coronal loop powered by a blowout jet, and in two other coronal loops with coronal rain. In agreement with previous findings, we observe that nanojets are accompanied by small nanoflare-like intensity bursts in the (E)UV, have velocities of 150–250 km s−1 and occur transversely to the field line of origin, which is sometimes observed to split. However, we find a variety of nanojet directions in the plane transverse to the loop axis. These nanojets are found to have kinetic and thermal energies within the nanoflare range, and often occur in clusters. In the blowout jet case study, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) is directly identified as the reconnection driver. For the other two loops, we find that both, KHI and Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) are likely to be the drivers. However, we find that KHI and RTI are each more likely in one of the other two cases. These observations of nanojets in a variety of structures and environments support nanojets being a general result of reconnection that are driven here by dynamic instabilities.
Space-weather-driven Variations in Lyα Absorption Signatures of Exoplanet Atmospheric Escape: MHD Simulations and the Case of AU Mic b
Authors: Cohen Ofer , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Drake Jeremy J. , Harbach Laura M. , Garraffo Cecilia , Fraschetti Federico
Published: August 2022

We simulate the space environment around AU Microscopii b and the interaction between the magnetized stellar wind and a planetary atmospheric outflow for ambient stellar wind conditions and coronal mass ejection (CME) conditions. We also calculate synthetic Lyα absorption due to neutral hydrogen in the ambient and the escaping planetary atmosphere affected by this interaction. We find that the Lyα absorption is highly variable owing to the highly varying stellar wind conditions. A strong Doppler blueshift component is observed in the Lyα profile, in contradiction to the actual escape velocity observed in the simulations themselves. This result suggests that the strong Doppler blueshift is likely attributed to the stellar wind, not the escaping neutral atmosphere, either through its advection of neutral planetary gas or through the creation of a fast neutral flow via charge exchange between the stellar wind ions and the planetary neutrals. Indeed, our CME simulations indicate a strong stripping of magnetospheric material from the planet, including some of the neutral escaping atmosphere. Our simulations show that the pressure around close-in exoplanets is not much lower, and may be even higher, than the pressure at the top of the planetary atmosphere. Thus, the neutral atmosphere is hydrodynamically escaping with a very small velocity (<15 km s−1). Moreover, our simulations show that an MHD treatment is essential in order to properly capture the coupled magnetized stellar wind and the escaping atmosphere, despite the atmosphere being neutral. This coupling should be considered when interpreting Lyα observations in the context of exoplanets’ atmospheric escape.
Reconnection Outflow Reversal Associated with Ion-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Earth's Midtail: ARTEMIS Observations and Reconstruction Results
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong
Published: August 2022

A rare reconnection outflow reversal in the Earth's midtail observed by the two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) probes, is presented. During the event, two ion-scale magnetic flux ropes were separately observed by THC in the earthward and tailward reconnection outflows that were adjacent and accompanied, respectively, by the positive and negative normal magnetic field components to the current sheet. The two flux ropes were separated by ∼2.75 minutes and at the center of the flux ropes, the magnetic field strength was enhanced with a large core field. Comparison results of the convection and measured electric fields reveal that the ions and the magnetic fields were decoupled in the regions surrounding the two flux ropes. The two-dimensional magnetic field maps from the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction show that the diameters of the two flux ropes were similar, being ∼7.1 and ∼7.9 ion inertial lengths, but the aspect ratios of the width to the length were different, being ∼0.35 and ∼0.47. Moreover, one of the reconstructed field maps suggests that multiple x-lines may exist in the midtail reconnection and that the traveling compression region of the flux rope was seen at THB. The angle between the axial orientations of the two flux ropes was large, being ∼55°, and their axes were tilted away from the direction of the reconnection guide field, in agreement with the earlier studies of the magnetotail flux ropes.
Square Root Compression and Noise Effects in Digitally Transformed Images
Authors: DeForest Craig E. , Lowder Chris , Seaton Daniel B. , West Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

We report on a particular example of noise and data representation interacting to introduce systematic error into scientific measurements. Many instruments collect integer digitized values and apply nonlinear coding, in particular square root coding, to compress the data for transfer or downlink; this can introduce surprising systematic errors when they are decoded for analysis. Square root coding and subsequent decoding typically introduces a variable ±1 count value-dependent systematic bias in the data after reconstitution. This is significant when large numbers of measurements (e.g., image pixels) are averaged together. Using direct modeling of the probability distribution of particular coded values in the presence of instrument noise, one may apply Bayes’ theorem to construct a decoding table that reduces this error source to a very small fraction of a digitizer step; in our example, systematic error from square root coding is reduced by a factor of 20 from 0.23 to 0.012 count rms. The method is suitable both for new experiments such as the upcoming PUNCH mission, and also for post facto application to existing data sets—even if the instrument noise properties are only loosely known. Further, the method does not depend on the specifics of the coding formula, and may be applied to other forms of nonlinear coding or representation of data values.
A Model RRNet for Spectral Information Exploitation and LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectrum Parameter Estimation
Authors: Xiong Shengchun , Li Xiangru , Liao Caixiu
Published: August 2022

This work proposes a residual recurrent neural network (RRNet) for synthetically extracting spectral information and estimating stellar atmospheric parameters together with 15 chemical element abundances for medium-resolution spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). The RRNet consists of two fundamental modules: a residual module and a recurrent module. The residual module extracts spectral features based on the longitudinally driving power from parameters, while the recurrent module recovers spectral information and restrains the negative influences from noises based on Cross-band Belief Enhancement. RRNet is trained by the spectra from common stars between LAMOST DR7 and the APOGEE-Payne catalog. The 17 stellar parameters and their uncertainties for 2.37 million medium-resolution spectra from LAMOST DR7 are predicted. For spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 10, the precision of estimations (T
eff and log g) are 88 K and 0.13 dex, respectively, elements C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ni are 0.05–0.08 dex, and N, O, S, K, Ti, Cr, and Mn are 0.09–0.14 dex, while that of Cu is 0.19 dex. Compared with StarNet and SPCANet, RRNet shows higher accuracy and robustness. In comparison to Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Galactic Archaeology with HERMES surveys, RRNet manifests good consistency within a reasonable range of bias. Finally, this work releases a catalog of 2.37 million medium-resolution spectra from the LAMOST DR7, the source code, the trained model, and the experimental data, respectively, for astronomical science exploration and data-processing algorithm research reference.
Wavelengths and Energy Levels of Singly Ionized Nickel (Ni ii) Measured Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Clear Christian P. , Pickering Juliet C. , Nave Gillian , Uylings Peter , Raassen Ton
Published: August 2022

High-resolution spectra of singly ionized nickel (Ni ii) have been recorded using Fourier transform spectroscopy in the region 143–5555 nm (1800–70,000 cm−1) with continuous, nickel–helium hollow cathode discharge sources. An extensive analysis of identified Ni ii lines resulted in the confirmation and revision of 283 previously reported energy levels, from the ground state up to the 3d
8(
M

L)6s subconfigurations. Typical energy-level uncertainties are a few thousandths of a cm−1, representing at least an order-of-magnitude reduction in uncertainty with respect to previous measurements. Twenty-five new energy levels have now been established and are reported here for the first time. Eigenvector compositions of the energy levels have been calculated using the orthogonal operator method. In total, 159 even and 149 odd energy levels and 1424 classified line wavelengths of Ni ii are reported and will enable more accurate and reliable analyses of Ni ii in astrophysical spectra.
Diagnostic Value of Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 in Salivary Gland Carcinomas
Authors: Algharyani Asmaa S. , Maghrabi Marwa M. , Ezzat Samah K. , Shakweer Marwa M. , Esmaeil Doaa
Published: August 2022

Salivary gland carcinomas are diagnostically challenging lesions in heterogeneous groups. However, recently described genomic alterations may be helpful and have future therapeutic implications. The molecular investigation is becoming useful tool to help diagnosis and provide prognostic information. Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) is challenging due to its rarity and similarity with other SGCs or normal acinar cells.
Herein, the diagnostic performance of transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member3 (NR4A3) was analysed immunohistochemically. This study was done on 68 cases of SCCs, including 32 of AcCC, 14 of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), 8 of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 7 of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), 4 of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), and only one case from each of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) and secretory carcinoma (SC) for detecting NR4A3.
All stained samples of AcCC (100%) responded positively to the NR4A3 antibody. However, only one case of AdCC and MEC demonstrated NR4A3 immunostaining in less than 10% of cells. On the other hand, the different types of SGCs, including EMC, SDC, CXPA, PAC, and SC, revealed negative expressions. Therefore, we can conclude that NR4A3 can be used as a potential marker for AcCC rather than other SGCs.
Antibacterial Activity of Lemon Basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) Extract Combination on Streptococcus mutants
Authors: Sari Retno Dwi , Junaidi Junaidi , Fitria Karin Tika
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Lots of plants that are used in Southeast Asian and Indonesian cuisine have antibacterial properties.

AIM: This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and key lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) extract combination on Streptococcus mutants’ inhibition.

METHODS: Lemon Basil and Key Lime were extracted and combined with several following concentration, respectively, (30–70%, 40–60%, 50–50%, 60–40%, and 70–30%). S. mutants were cultured using Brain-heart Infusion Broth overnight. The inhibition range from the extract combination was measured and analyzed.

RESULTS: All combinations except 60–40 showed significant effectivity against S. mutants compared to control (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests revealed that only the combination Lemon Basil-Key Lime 30–70% that has a significantly wider inhibition range compared to L50%-K50% (p = 0.034), L60%-K40% (p = 0.007), and L70%–K30% (p = 0.023).

CONCLUSION: Combination extract of Lemon Basil and Key lime has effectivity against oral micro bacteria, especially S. mutants.
Current state of knowledge on freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Chile
Authors: Vásquez-Doorman Constanza , Escobedo Javiera , Allende Miguel L.
Published: August 2022

The unique geography of Chile encompasses a wide diversity of ecosystems and a rich biodiversity. However, the platyhelminth fauna has been poorly studied. The aim of this work is to compile the historical record of freshwater planarians described for this country. We accessed worldwide databases and published articles to provide a comprehensive review of their discovery history, morphological characteristics and their localities. Freshwater planarians have been collected mainly in central and southern Chile, while in the northern region a single species has been described. The discovery of new species of freshwater triclads has the potential to reveal novel animal models to study regeneration and/or biological adaptations, as some species are suitable for culture in the laboratory. We discuss the many reasons why further research is needed for this animal group, which should include genomic and molecular genetic studies.
A new species of the long-tailed wasp genus Euurobracon Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) from Java, Indonesia, is described and the type species redescribed
Authors: Quicke Donald L. J. , Gafar Dian , Watanabe Kyohei , Butcher Buntika A.
Published: August 2022

A new species, Euurobracon bhaskarai, Quicke sp. nov., from West Java, Indonesia, is described, illustrated and differentiated from other members of the genus. It is closely related to the type species of the genus, E. yokahamae Dalla Torre, 1898, which is known from China, India, Japan, Laos, South Korea and Thailand. Euurobracon yokahamae is redescribed and illustrated for comparative purposes. The two species are separable mainly on colouration, but differ markedly based on their mitochondrial gene sequences (cytochrome c oxidase I, cytochrome b and 16S rDNA). The slower-evolving nuclear 28S rDNA and elongation factor 1-alpha did not differentiate E. bhaskaraisp. nov. from E. yokahamae, but consistently split Euurobracon into two species groups.
The Tempered Radical's Quiet Resistance How Trainee and New Teachers Disturb the Dominance of Neoliberal Policy in Mainstream English Schools
Authors: Bundock Lis , Moore Rosie
Published: August 2022

This article considers the experiences of two teacher educators working with undergraduate and postgraduate trainee teachers in the School of Education at the University of Brighton. It foregrounds reflections shared within education studies seminars and on conversations with early
career teachers on how trainees and new teachers negotiate their professional obligations whilst remaining true to their values and ideals. Education studies modules are curated to provide a space for trainee teachers to examine and consider the complexities relating to equality, diversity
and social justice, and are underpinned by a desire to instil a 'commitment to acting as change agents in schools and advocates for students'. In this article, we consider how teacher trainees and early career teachers experience neoliberal reform and a policy context that seeks to silence
any sceptics. It offers examples of how trainee teachers and new teachers engage in quiet resistance as 'tempered radicals', finding ways to address inequalities and offer moments of hope to young people from marginalised groups.
It's Not Over, Not Over, Not Over, Not Over Yet Resistance to Academisation from the Inside
Authors: Spicksley Kathryn
Published: August 2022

Since 2002, the number of academy schools in England has increased – first gradually and then, since the 2010 Academies Act, rapidly. For some, a full academisation of the school system in England appears inevitable. In this paper, however, I explore how new teachers and senior
leaders within academy primary schools quietly resist identifying as academy teachers, and in doing so resist the wider process of academisation. This resistance gives those who are opposed to academisation hope that another future is possible, one in which academisation is stalled and perhaps
reversed.
Resisting the Invisible: How Do We Resist the Gendered Social Norms That Help Sexual Harassment Exist in Our Schools?
Authors: Russell Lucy
Published: August 2022

Guidance for schools now includes policy to address sexual harassment and statutory requirements to deliver relationships and sex education, yet recent evidence shows that sexual harassment, in schools and online, remains a pernicious problem. Why does educating for gender equality
feel like resistance, and what are educators actually resisting? This paper explores the gendered social norms that lead to sexual harassment and proposes some of the key elements of education – a whole-school approach to tackling sexual harassment, relationships and sex education, working
with boys and young men, hearing and including the student voice, and making sure that resistance is intersectional – that both deliver the curriculum and can act as tools for resistance.
L’échec dans l’appropriation des outils de contrôle : un éclairage par la théorie de la proximité
Authors: Hertzog Marion , Bollecker Marc
Published: August 2022

Le secteur médico-social est largement touché par le déploiement d’outils de contrôle éloignés de la spécificité des pratiques du personnel soignant (Kanold et al. , 2008). Nous adoptons le cadre théorique de l’école de la proximité pour analyser l’échec du déploiement d’ISO 9001 dans un établissement médico-social (EMS). Les résultats montrent l’impact de l’absence ou de l’excès de différents critères de proximité sur l’appropriation de l’outil.
Logique institutionnelle du circuit court de distribution amapien et mutation de son modèle d’affaires
Authors: Aissaoui Sonia , Bueno Merino Pascale , Grandval Samuel
Published: August 2022

De nombreuses entreprises de l’économie du partage mettent l’accent sur l’identité de leur communauté. Leur logique institutionnelle limite l’innovation dans leur modèle d’affaires (MA) car les normes rendent certaines combinaisons des composantes du MA illégitimes. Notre recherche vise à comprendre comment la logique institutionnelle du circuit court de distribution amapien se reflète sur son modèle d’affaires et détermine son évolution. Nous appuyant sur l’approche par les attributs spécifiques des modèles d’affaires, notre étude empirique est basée sur une méthodologie de nature qualitative. La recherche met en évidence une tension entre les thématiques saillantes du modèle d’affaires amapien : celles relatives à la logique institutionnelle (identité relationnelle, implication des membres dans la prise de décision, engagement dans un entrepreneuriat collectif) et celles relatives à la logique de marché (viabilité économique). En fonction des attributs spécifiques du MA constituant la priorité des adhérents de l’AMAP, l’évolution sera plus ou moins contrainte.
Operator-splitting schemes for degenerate, non-local, conservative-dissipative systems
Authors: Adams Daniel , Duong Manh Hong , Reis Gonçalo dos
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we develop a natural operator-splitting variational scheme for a general class of non-local, degenerate conservative-dissipative evolutionary equations. The splitting-scheme consists of two phases: a conservative (transport) phase and a dissipative (diffusion) phase. The first phase is solved exactly using the method of characteristic and DiPerna-Lions theory while the second phase is solved approximately using a JKO-type variational scheme that minimizes an energy functional with respect to a certain Kantorovich optimal transport cost functional. In addition, we also introduce an entropic-regularisation of the scheme. We prove the convergence of both schemes to a weak solution of the evolutionary equation. We illustrate the generality of our work by providing a number of examples, including the kinetic Fokker-Planck equation and the (regularized) Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equation.
Energy conservation and regularity for the 3D magneto-hydrodynamics equations
Authors: Tan Wenke , Wu Fan
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the energy conservation and regularity problems for the 3D magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) equations. We first establish some uniform bounds on some invariant quantities in terms of suitable weak solution \begin{document}$ (u,b)\in L^{2,\infty}(0,T;BMO(\Omega)) $\end{document}. As the applications, first, we show that as the solution \begin{document}$ (u,b) $\end{document} approaches a finite blowup time \begin{document}$ T $\end{document}, the \begin{document}$ BMO $\end{document} norm must blow up at a rate \begin{document}$ \frac{c}{\sqrt{T-t}} $\end{document} with some absolute constant \begin{document}$ c>0 $\end{document}. Then, a regularity criteria for suitable weak solutions is proved which allows the vertical part of the velocity and magnetic to be large under the norm of \begin{document}$ L^{2,\infty}\left([-1,0]; BMO(\mathbb{R}^3)\right) $\end{document}. Finally, we prove that any suitable weak solution of the MHD equations in \begin{document}$ L^{2,\infty}(0, T; BMO (\Omega)) $\end{document} satisfies the local energy equality for any bounded Lipschitz domain \begin{document}$ \Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^3 $\end{document}. As a corollary, we prove that any suitable weak solution of MHD equations in \begin{document}$ L^{2,\infty}(0, T; BMO_{loc} (\mathbb{R}^3)) $\end{document} satisfies the energy equality.
A note on the control and stabilization of a higher-order water wave model
Authors: Bautista George , Pazoto Ademir
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with the internal controllability and stabilizability of a family of Boussinesq systems introduced by J. L. Bona, M. Chen and J.-C. Saut to describe two-way propagation of small amplitude gravity waves on the surface of water in a canal. By applying the moment method, we first obtain the exact controllability of the linearized system in suitable Hilbert spaces, which implies its exponential stabilization by suitable feedback. Then, by using a contraction mapping principle, we establish the local exact controllability and exponential stabilization for the original nonlinear system.
Novel designs of thermoelectric generator for automotive waste heat recovery: A review
Authors: Tien Tan Nguyen , Vu Quang Khong , Duy Vinh Nguyen
Published: August 2022

Many worldwide scientists have concentrated on using waste heat recovery technology in automotive applications because of increasingly strict fuel consumption. The thermoelectric generator (TEG) has garnered significant interest in the automobile sector as a viable waste heat recovery solution over the past several decades. A short survey of thermoelectric materials and heat exchangers for TEG systems is initially presented in this paper. To overcome the heat exchanger's current shortcomings, some previous studies designed a variety of the heat exchanger geometry of the TEG system. They suggested concentric cylindrical TEG system utilizes an annular thermoelectric module instead of the traditional square-shaped one. It uses the heat pipe's benefits to improve radial heat transmission. A comparison of the water-inside and gas-inside arrangements indicated that the water-inside concentric cylindrical TEG system provided a greater power output in our simulations to test the performance of the proposed system.
Existence of fixed points of generalized set-valued $ F $-contractions of $ b $-metric spaces
Authors: Ali Basit , Butt Hafiza Aqsa , Sen Manuel De la
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the existence of non-empty fixed point sets of newly introduced generalized set-valued $ F $-contractions of $ b $-metric spaces. Some illustrative examples show that the new results in this paper generalize properly, unify and extend some related results in the existing literature. Moreover, we extract some important consequences of the results in $ b $-metric spaces. Particularly, by setting $ b $-metric constant equal to one, we obtain some specific cases showing notable enhancement of existing results yet in metric spaces.
Intellectual Charisma
Authors: Stephens Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

I present an account of an aspect of people’s intellectual characters that has yet to receive such direct treatment in the literature on the intellectual virtues. That aspect is our capacity to influence others in ways that make inquiry go more successfully, which I call “intellectual charisma”. In presenting this account, I first draw on work in empirical psychology to build a partial picture of intellectual charisma as a social-psychological phenomenon. I then draw on this partial picture in defining intellectual charisma, explaining some important features of it, and making the case that it meets some important conditions for qualifying as an intellectual virtue. I conclude by first discussing some of the ways that including intellectual charisma within our overall picture of the intellectual virtues changes that picture, and then outlining some of the benefits that result from those changes.
Foreign Language Communication in Virtual Exchanges
Authors: Salomão Ana Cristina Biondo
Published: August 2022

Virtual exchange (VE) has grown out of telecollaboration, which originated in the language-teaching field, and has now expanded to all areas of knowledge as a collaborative methodology to enhance learning and fostering soft skills and intercultural competences. VE has recently received growing interest from higher education institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the reduction in physical mobility. This article reports a study on the strategies used by non-language specialist professors for facilitating communication in a foreign language in VE within the Brazilian Virtual Exchange (BRaVE). Data collection and analysis involved qualitative research methodology through analyzing participants’ reflections. Implications for the field of applied linguistics point to the need for a theoretical framework for VE as an interdisciplinary field. This would serve the purpose to train professors to design and implement activities that involve foreign language communication.
Development of a New Means to Improve the Performance of Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Murugesan Vijaya Prabhagar , Punniyamoorthy M.
Published: August 2022

In machine learning, a Self-Organizing map plays a significant role in finding hidden patterns or intrinsic structures in data. In this study, a new modified expression is arrived at to update the radius of the neighbourhood of BMU in SOM. Further, a new approach is introduced to find the eligible nodes for an update in SOM. We have also incorporated the previous work, such as new initialization algorithms to find the initial weight vectors, a method to place the weight vectors in each node of the grid and a method to identify the number of clusters to improve the performance of the proposed SOM algorithm. The proposed SOM performance in terms of Quantization error (QE), Convergence time (CT) and Modified Semantic Relevance Index (MSRI) are compared with conventional SOM for both class label and non-class label datasets. In addition to the above measure, Classification Accuracy (CA) is also used to evaluate the performance against class label datasets. The proposed SOM algorithm shows better performance in all cases.
Combining Elliptic Curve Cryptography and Blockchain Technology to Secure Data Storage in Cloud Environments
Authors: Benmenzer Faiza , Beghdad Rachid
Published: August 2022

Many encryption strategies have been applied to ensure data confidentiality and improve cloud security. The most recent cryptosystems are based on homomorphic (HE), attribute-based (ABE), and hybrid encryption. However, most of them suffer from numerous drawbacks: high time consumption, encrypted message size, and some vulnerabilities. Hence, a secure method is highly required to get a satisfying security level while keeping the computational complexity reduced. This paper outlines a novel technique that combines elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Blockchain technology. The data is first encoded using the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme, then signed using signed using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, and finally confirmed by the blockchain network before being stored in the cloud. The performance evaluation results prove that the proposed system is highly resistant to man-in-the-middle and replay attacks and performs better than a set of existing solutions in terms of cryptography cost, encryption/decryption time, and algortithm complexity.
The State of Life on Land (SDG 15) in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gulseven Osman , Ahmed Gouher
Published: August 2022

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) defined 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) as a road path to sustainable development in the world. Achieving these SDGs are among the top items on the agenda of several state organizations, including the United Arab Emirates. This article analyzes the UAE’s recent performance in achieving SDG 15, labeled as Life on Land. Using the data from international databases, namely the UN SDG Database and the Bertelsmann Stiftung SDG-index, we analyze the indicators that measure the UAE’s performance towards achieving SDG 15. This research sets a strategy for preserving biodiversity in the UAE and attaining the relevant goals to protect life on land. The findings suggest that while UAE is motivated to achieve the goals stated in SDG15, significant challenges remain ahead. Specifically, many of the relevant indicators are missing, making it hard to measure country performance based on reliable metrics.
How COVID-19 Affects the Willingness of the Elderly to Continue to Use the Online Health Community
Authors: Ma Yiming , Gu Yadi , Hong Wenjia , Ping Zhao Shu , Liang Changyong , Gu Dongxiao
Published: August 2022

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the governments of different countries adopted, such as locking down cities and restricting travel and social contact. Online health communities (OHCs) with specialized physicians have become an important way for the elderly to access health information and social support, which has expanded their use since the outbreak. This paper examines the factors influencing elderly people’s behavior in terms of the continuous use of OHCs from a social support perspective, to understand the impact of public health emergencies. Research collected data from March to April 2019, February 2020, and August 2021, in China. A total of 189 samples were collected and analyzed by using SmartPLS. The results show that (1) social support to the elderly during different stages has different influences on their sense of community and (2) the influence of the sense of community on the intention to continuously use OHCs also seems to change over time. The results of this study provide important implications for research and practice related to both OHCs and COVID-19.
The Influence of Shanghanlun on Japanese Kampo Medicine
Authors: Zeng Li-Rong , Zhang Tao , Wang Hui-Jun , Zhong Kai , Shao Lin-Lin , Zhang Guo-Jun , Yasui Hiromichi
Published: August 2022

Shanghanlun is a classic work in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which systematically discusses diagnosis and treatment ideas based on syndrome differentiation and records a large number of highly practical prescriptions. When Shanghanlun was introduced into Japan along with the communication between China and Japan in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it had a profound influence on the development of Kampo medicine in Japan. By sorting out the works related to Shanghanlun in the medical history literature of Kampo medicine before the Meiji Restoration, this paper discusses the relationship between Shanghanlun and the Koho school of Kampo medicine, as well as the influence of the thought “formula corresponding to pattern identification,” originating from the Koho school, on the development of modern Kampo medicine. The study of Shanghanlun by Kampo medicine nowadays not only attaches great importance to clinical practicality but also has theoretical discussions. It is expected that future medical exchanges between China and Japan will complement each other from the perspectives of both sides and promote the theoretical and clinical development of TCM.
Comparative Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Counts on Different Tapers of Rotary System with Different Irrigating Solutions
Authors: Shariq Rahimath Shettybettu Hydros , Shetty Harish Kumar , Nair Prathap Mulakkal Sreekantan , D'Costa Vivian Flourish
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The conservation of tooth structure and prevention of extrusion of obturating materials have been cited as primary advantages of minimal apical enlargements. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different rotary file tapers and two irrigating solutions and a combination of two irrigating solutions on E. faecalis counts. In this study, 84 freshly extracted single rooted single canal human premolars were selected and enlarged to ISO #20 K-file.

Materials and Methods:

The samples were sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis for 72 hours, divided into six experimental groups, and prepared with #30 nickel-titanium rotary files with 0.04 and 0.06 tapers. Group I was irrigated with 2 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite, Group 2 was irrigated with 2 mL of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3 was irrigated with 2 mL of a combination of 3% sodium hypochlorite, saline, and 2% CHX irrigation after each file. Cleaning efficacy was evaluated in terms of the reduction of colony forming units. Comparison of the E. faecalis among the groups at 0.04 taper was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test after establishing normality of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A comparison of the E. faecalis between 0.04 and 0.06 taper within the group was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results:

Group 1 (3% sodium hypochlorite) and Group 3 (3% sodium hypochlorite + saline + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate) showed no statistically significant difference between the subgroups (0.04 and 0.06 taper), whereas statistically significant difference with E. faecalis was seen with respect to Group 2 between 0.04 and 0.06 taper (2% chlorhexidine gluconate).

Conclusion:

The study proved the use of sodium hypochlorite, saline, and CHX in combination at both 0.04 taper and 0.06 taper gave better results with no significant change.
Existence and regularity of source-type self-similar solutions for stable thin-film equations
Authors: Majdoub Mohamed , Tayachi Slim
Published: August 2022

We investigate the existence and the boundary regularity of source-type self-similar solutions to the thin-film equation

h_t=-(h^nh_{zzz})_z+(h^{n+3})_{zz},

t>0,\; z\in \mathbb{R};\; h(0,z)= \omega \delta(z)

where

n\in (3/2,3),\; \omega > 0

and

\delta

is the Dirac mass at the origin. It is known that the leading order expansion near the edge of the support coincides with that of a traveling-wave solution for the standard thin-film equation:

h_t=-(h^nh_{zzz})_z

. In this paper we sharpen this result, proving that the higher-order corrections are analytic with respect to three variables: the first one is just the {spatial} variable, whereas the second and the third (except for

n = 2

) are irrational powers of it. It is known that this third variable does not appear for the thin-film equation without gravity.
On the domain of non-symmetric and, possibly, degenerate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators in separable Banach spaces
Authors: Addona Davide , Cappa Gianluca , Ferrari Simone
Published: August 2022

Let

X

be a separable Banach space and let

X^*

be its topological dual. Let

Q:X^*\rightarrow X

be a linear, bounded, non-negative, and symmetric operator and let

A:D(A)\subseteq X\rightarrow X

be the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup of contractions on

X

. We consider the abstract Wiener space

(X,\mu_\infty,H_\infty)

, where

\mu_\infty

is a centered non-degenerate Gaussian measure on

X

with covariance operator defined, at least formally, as

Q_\infty=\int_0^{+\infty} e^{sA}Qe^{sA^*}\,ds,

and

H_\infty

is the Cameron–Martin space associated to

\mu_\infty

.

Let

H

be the reproducing kernel Hilbert space associated with

Q

with inner product

[\cdot,\cdot]_H

. We assume that the operator

Q_\infty A^*:D(A^*)\subseteq X^*\rightarrow X

extends to a bounded linear operator

B\in\mathcal{L}(H)

which satisfies

B+B^*=-\mathrm{Id}_H

, where

\mathrm{Id}_H

denotes the identity operator on

H

. Let

D

and

D^2

be the first and second order Fréchet derivative operators. We denote by

D_H

and

(D_H,D^2_H)

the closure in

L^2(X,\mu_\infty)

of the operators

QD

and

(QD,QD^2)

, respectively, defined on smooth cylindrical functions, and by

W^{1,2}_H(X,\mu_\infty)

and

W^{2,2}_H(X,\mu_\infty)

, respectively, their domains in

L^2(X,\mu_\infty)

. Furthermore, we denote by

D_{A_\infty}

the closure of the operator

Q_\infty A^*D

in

L^2(X,\mu_\infty)

defined on smooth cylindrical functions, and by

W^{1,2}_{A_\infty}(X,\mu_\infty)

the domain of

D_{A_\infty}

in

L^2(X,\mu_\infty)

. We characterize the domain of the operator

L

, associated to the bilinear form

(u,v)\mapsto-\int_{X}[BD_Hu,D_Hv]_H\,d\mu_\infty, \quad u,v\in W^{1,2}_H(X,\mu_\infty),

in

L^2(X,\mu_\infty)

. More precisely, we prove that

D(L)

coincides, up to an equivalent renorming, with a subspace of

W^{2,2}_H(X,\mu_\infty)\cap W^{1,2}_{A_\infty}(X,\mu_\infty)

. We stress that we are able to treat the case when

L

is degenerate and non-symmetric.
C-reactive protein-albumin ratio and procalcitonin in predicting intensive care unit mortality in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gürsoy Canan , Gürsoy Güven , Demirbilek Semra Gümüş
Published: August 2022

a common cause of death in children and young adults, is important for injury management. Neuroinflammation is responsible for both primary and secondary brain injury, and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR) has allowed use of biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting mortality. Here, we compared the performance of CAR and PCT in predicting ICU mortality in TBI.Methods: Adults with TBI were enrolled in our study. The medical records of 82 isolated TBI patients were reviewed retrospectively.Results: The mean patient age was 49.0 ± 22.69 years; 59 of all patients (72%) were discharged, and 23 (28%) died. There was a statistically significant difference between PCT and CAR values according to mortality (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.646 with 0.071 standard error for PCT and 0.642 with 0.066 standard error for CAR. The PCT showed a similar AUC of the receiver operating characteristic to CAR.Conclusions: This study shows that CAR and PCT are usable biomarkers to predict ICU mortality in TBI. When the determined cut-off values are used to predict the course of the disease, the CAR and PCT biomarkers will provide more effective information for treatment planning and for preparation of the family for the treatment process and to manage their outcome expectations.
Robotic Extended-View Totally Extraperitoneal Transversus Abdominis Release (eTEP/TAR) Without Crossover for a Large Right Boundary Incisional Hernia
Authors: Bindal Vivek , Sethi Daksh , Khetan Mukund , Kalhan Sudhir , John Suviraj , Dadhich Rohit , Ramana B.
Published: August 2022

The enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) approach is increasingly being used to tackle large ventral and incisional hernias. We are presenting a case of robot-assisted eTEP with unilateral transversus abdominis release (TAR) without crossover through all midline ports for an open appendectomy site boundary hernia.
Electrification: a central piece on the climate agenda
Authors: Ruby Kristian
Published: August 2022

The transition to a net-zero emissions economy is gaining pace in the EU. The ‘Fit for 55’ package, which seeks to establish a clear and steep decarbonization trajectory, marks a significant progress in aligning the long-term net-zero ambitions and committing all economic sectors to contribute. The European electricity industry is leading the charge and offering the most cost-effective solution to decarbonize energy intensive sectors like transport, heating and cooling and industrial applications. As electricity becomes the cleanest energy vector, the ‘Fit for 55’ package introduces electrification as a core avenue for decarbonization. Going forward, the electrification of end-uses coupled with the deployment of clean generation capacities and the modernisation of electricity grids, will be essential for achieving the long-term climate objective.
Fusion energy to enable Europe’s emission-free energy sovereignty
Authors: Freund Heike
Published: August 2022

The EU’s energy system is in crisis. The security, sustainability and affordability of energy are threatened on a historic scale. The only way to establish a European energy sovereignty is through locally built, new energy sources. With its potential to sustainably replace fossil fuels as the world’s primary energy source, fusion energy is probably the most promising solution to that challenge. New records are set by research facilities and private parties invest unprecedentedly large sums in fusion companies to commercialize fusion power, while progress in adjacent fields enables novel technological approaches. Fusion technology could enable the EU to take its energy system back into its own hands.
Efficacy and Safety of Fremanezumab in Patients with Migraine: Real-World Evidence in a Private Neurological Center
Authors: Lopo Vitorino Marli , Pavão Martins Isabel
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Migraine is the first cause of disability under 50 years of age. In the last decade there were significant advances in the comprehension of this disorder that led to the development of specific treatments, such as those targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor including monoclonal antibodies. Here, we present real life results of a cohort of migraine patients treated with fremanezumab.

Material and Methods: We analysed data, collected prospectively for 18 months, of consecutive patients with migraine treated with fremanezumab in a Lisbon center. Patients had a baseline evaluation and monthly visits. Data included monthly headache days, a composite headache measure (days x pain intensity), acute treatment intake and adverse events. Patients also fulfilled quality of life and migraine impact scales at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months of treatment and were evaluated after treatment withdrawal. Efficacy was defined as a reduction ≥ 30% or ≥ 50% of the number of monthly headache days (in chronic and episodic migraine, respectively) compared to baseline.

Results: We included 29 patients (47.8 years of age, 25 female) with chronic (n=20) or high frequency episodic (n=9), migraine previously resistant to an average of 3.3 oral preventives/botulinum toxin, 20 with medication overuse. Efficacy increased from 62% in the 1st month to 76.9% on the 3rd and there was a significant reduction of migraine headache days, acute medication intake, index and HIT-6 scores and improved quality of life in all assessment periods compared to baseline. The most common adverse events were constipation (27.6%) and pain on the injection site (20.7%) leading to interruption of treatment in one patient. There was no increase in the number of headache days or acute medication intake five months after treatment interruption.

Conclusion: These results corroborate data from clinical trials about the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab, showing an improvement of different migraine measures and impact, even in patients with resistant migraine and medication overuse. In general, adverse events were well tolerated not leading to treatment withdrawal.
Immunotherapy in Pediatric Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Plasmapheresis, Both or Something Else?
Authors: Favinha Gonçalo , Amaral Joana , Gomes Catarina , Palavra Filipe
Published: August 2022

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system that is clinically characterized by rapidly progressing and symmetric muscle weakness, loss (or decrease) of deep tendon reflexes and respiratory distress, leading in some cases to the need for artificial ventilation. This is a clinical diagnosis that can be supported by the integration of several results, coming from cerebrospinal fluid examination, neuroimaging, nerve conduction studies and serum analysis. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IgIV) are both treatments that have proven to be effective in improving motor recovery and reducing the need for mechanic ventilation. While their efficacy is comparable, IgIV is the first line treatment and plasma exchange is not used as the primary approach due to the need for specialized personnel and specific equipment. However, some long-term results with intravenous monotherapy are not always the most favorable and, therefore, studies combining the two interventions have begun to be developed. One of them, defining the zipper method, proved that intercalating both techniques may improve the outcome when compared to each therapy on its own. Nevertheless, approaches with monoclonal antibodies, such as eculizumab, seem interesting, but only in adults, so far. In this article, we aim to review existing evidence on the immune therapeutic approach to GBS in children.
Distal Involvement and Subsarcolemmal Minicore-Like Areas in a Case of POGLUT1-Associated Myopathy
Authors: Malaquias Maria João , Mendonça Pinto Miguel , Pinto Eduarda , Pinto Basto Jorge , Cardoso Márcio , M. Pires Manuel , Taipa Ricardo , Chaves João
Published: August 2022

Pathogenic biallelic variants in POGLUT1 were linked to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R21 (LGMD R21), a new type of LGMD featuring pelvic and shoulder girdle weakness, variable age of onset, slowly progressive course, and “inside-to-outside” fatty degeneration pattern in muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We describe a 54-year-old female with an infantile-onset, slowly progressive, pelvicgirdle myopathy, who later, after the age of 50, has developed finger flexors weakness. Muscle MRI revealed advanced fatty degeneration of the deeper thigh muscles, partially sparing the superficial regions (”inside-to-outside” pattern). Muscle biopsy showed pronounced myopathic features and internal structure disorganization, resembling minicore-like areas. Whole exome sequencing analysis identified a pathogenic homozygous variant in POGLUT1. By describing minicore-like areas and unique finger flexion involvement, in the absence of proximal upper limbs weakness, our case expands the histological and clinical spectrum of POGLUT1-associated myopathies. It further reinforces “inside-to-outside” muscle MRI pattern as a core diagnostic feature.