bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authors: Atyikah Sarah , Herniwanti Herniwanti , Rany Novita , Dewi Oktavia , Iswadi Iswadi
Published: December 2021

Water a very important basic human need. Currently, water has even become an economic commodity. Based on the results of the annual recapitulation of the RIAU Provincial Report For Rokan Hulu Regency, there are 103 Drinking water Depots and data obtained are 49 Depots Feasible and 59 Depots Unfit for Food Sanitation Hygiene. From the initial data survey, new information was obtained from 7 depots that carried out laboratory examinations from the existing 15 depots. This study aims to evaluate the operations of the Refillable Drinking Water Depot in the Rambah Health Center in 2020. The method used descriptive qualitative research which was conducted in June in the working area of the Rambah Health Center, Rokan Hulu Regency, RIAU Province. With research subjects 5 Refillable Drinking Water Depot, sanitarian officers, Head of Health, Workers and consumers. From the results of interviews and observations, it was found that the knowledge, hygienic sanitation of Refillable Drinking Water Depot owners was inadequate and only some had a Business License the implementation of standard water testing laboratory tests once 6 months is not in accordance with the applicable regulations, namely once 3 months (Permenkes 2002), the source of raw water used 2 Refillable Drinking Water Depot regular wells 3 Refillable Drinking Water Depot wells BOR, Supervision from Sanitarian puskesmas has not been running regularly and optimally due to limited budget and during the Covid pandemic 19.
Pijat Bayi Cara India dan Johnson Meningkatkan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir Rendah
Authors: Gasma Asmawati , Amin Indriani , Rahmawati Ros
Published: December 2021

Low birth weight infant mortality is one of the causes of high infant mortality (AKB) in Indonesia. Infant mortality can be prevented by improving the quality of the baby's health through growth and development. One of the efforts to improve the quality of baby health. The study aims to prove the difference in BBLR BB increase through Indian and Johnson way baby massage. The method used is Quasy Experimen with pretest-posttes design. The population is a low birth weight baby born in RSIA Pertiwi Makassar period July – September 2018. The study sample numbered fourteen that met the criteria. Seven babies were massaged the Indian way and seven babies were massaged johnson's way. Massage is done twelve times at intervals three times a week. Fifteen minutes at a time. The instruments used are baby scales and observation sheets. Univariate data analysis showed the average increase in BB for Indian way baby massage was fifty-one percent,while theaverage weight gain for Johnson's way of baby massage was fifty-three percent. Statistical tests with mann-Whitney U, showed that there was no significant difference in BBLR BB increases between indian and johnson massage. The conclusion of this study is the indian and Johnson way baby massage can both increase BB BBLR.
Kualitas Organoleptik Es Krim Santan
Authors: Kartini B. Thresia Dewi , Fanny Lydia , Magdalena Magdalena
Published: December 2021

The results of Riskesdas 2018 show that the prevalence of malnourished under-five children in South Sulawesi is still high compared to the national figures and WHO targets. Makassar City has a higher number of children under five suffering from malnutrition than other cities/districts, namely 22.1% underweight, 25.2% stunting, and 9.4% wasting. Ice cream has a high nutritional value depending on the quality of the raw materials, so the raw materials used need to be known for certain. Coconut milk as a raw material for coconut milk ice cream has a high-fat content, the fat content makes the ice cream soft and of good quality. This study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of coconut milk ice cream. This type of experimental research is a completely randomized design (CRD), namely, there are 3 treatments of coconut milk with the addition of red bean and papaya pulp, namely F1=10g:50g, F2=20g:100g, and F3=30g:150g, each repetition 2 times, with F0 coconut milk without the addition of red bean pulp and papaya. Organoleptic quality was obtained from the organoleptic test of coconut milk ice cream to 40 untrained panelists at the Department of Nutrition of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Makassar and of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Banjarmasin. The results showed that the organoleptic quality in terms of color with p=0.001 and texture p=0.025 meant that there was an effect of adding red bean pulp and papaya. Meanwhile, from the aspect of aroma with p = 0.545 and taste p = 0.448, it shows that there is no effect of adding red bean porridge and papaya to coconut milk ice cream. The most acceptable coconut milk ice cream based on organoleptic quality was F1 (10g:50g) with a total score of 157.
Characteristics of cryoprotectors used for long-term storage of donor dendritic cells
Authors: Timohina Oksana V. , Hancharou Andrei Y.
Published: December 2021

Monocyte-derived donor dendritic cells are promising for use in the treatment of cancer. However, there are some problems that currently limit their clinical use. One of which is the cryopreservation of cells followed by restoration on demand. А cryoprotector must be added to the nutrient medium in order to reduce or completely eliminate the damaging factors acting on cells during freezing. Cryoprotectors refer to a wide range of sugars, diols and amino acids that stabilise biomolecules in various ways, depending on their molecular weight and mechanism of action on cells. The work describes groups of cryoprotectors (endo- and exocellular, mixed and combined cryoprotectors), as well as presents techniques of cryopreservation of dendritic cells.
The ability of the natural chemoprophylactic agent curcumin to function as an effective UV photosensitiser
Authors: Potapovich Alla I. , Shutava Tatsiana G. , Kostyuk Tatyana V. , Kostyuk Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

It is known that some plant polyphenols and alkaloids can act as effective photosensitisers of UV radiation. This phenomenon can enhance both therapeutic and side effects. Since there is no information regarding curcuminoids on their ability to function as UV photosensitisers, this work investigated the effect of UV radiation on the cytotoxic effect of curcumin, as well as its nanostructured forms, against keratinocytes of the HaCaT line and cancer cells MDA-MB-231. The results obtained indicate that curcumin is an effective photosensitiser capable of initiating photochemical reactions under the influence of UV radiation of the A and B range, which lead to the formation of chemically active intermediates, disruption of membrane integrity and cell death. When curcumin is incorporated into nanostructures based on polyallylamine hydrochloride /polystyrene sulfate and chitosan /dextran sulfate, its ability to function as a UV photosensitiser is retained.
Precipitation extremes over territory of Belarus under current climate change
Authors: Danilovich Irina S. , Piskunovich Nikita G.
Published: December 2021

The study presents an investigation of current and future changes in precipitation regime over territory of Belarus. An assessment of precipitation means and extremes and droughts indices was provided for period of 1948–2019 and more detailed analysis have been carried out for period of climate change in 1989–2019. The precipitation expected changes were studied for period of 2021–2099. It was established that precipitation growth up to 20–30 % in winter during 1989–2019 in comparison by 1948–1988, is connected with increase the number of days with weak precipitation and caused by growing duration of liquid precipitation falling. In summer the reducing of rain falling duration was noticed over territory of Belarus. At the same time the significant growth of precipitation maximal totals per day by 20–30 % was detected. The largest growth was found in the south of the country. Dry days number raised by 1–4 days and dry and hot days numbers raised by 1–2 days per decade. The repeatability of atmosphere droughts of different gradations increased up to 2–26 % by the majority of meteorological stations. According to climate projections based on the EURO-CORDEX-11, the growth of yearly and seasonal precipitation is expected over territory of Belarus. The precipitation increase is connected with growth of intense precipitation. At the same time, the dry periods duration is projected to rise in the warm part of the year. These tendencies are characterised the climate extremeness increase in the current century.
Century of the Communist Party of China and the perspective of socialism with a Chinese specificity
Authors: Antonovich Ivan I.
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the main directions and paths of Chinese modernisation, the features of the US’ opposition to it, it is concluded that the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics creates a new world situation in which new socio-economic civilisational foundations can create a society of socialist orientation. It is noted that Deng Xiaoping, without holding any government posts, being only the chairman of the CPC Central Committee’s Defense Committee, led the process of Chinese modernisation, which brought China to the forefront of scientific, technological and social progress in the world. The author argues that the basis of Chinese success is the Leninist formula of the NEP – the use of private entrepreneurship under the control of a socialist state in order to develop at an accelerated rate of social wealth in the amount necessary to meet the basic life needs of its citizens. The path of China was fraught with many unsuccessful and tragic experiments, therefore the current socio-economic leap forward in civilisation is an unprecedented event in world history. The implementation of goals and objectives of such a global scale will make serious changes in the world order, and require a new political philosophy. The success of socialism with Chinese characteristics within the country, as well as in programs to support the progressive development of countries and peoples of the world ready for cooperation, allows us to give a cautious optimistic assessment of the future Chinese perspective. And this, according to the author, is today a clear threat to the tasks and goals of American domination in the world.
Post-Soviet trends in the development of nonformal education of children and youth: Belarusian case
Authors: Yakovlevа Irina A.
Published: December 2021

In this article the author analyses the processes of sociogenesis and transformation of the system of additional education for children and youth in the social-temporal continuum which is set by the challenges of the post-Soviet period of the formation of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state. The main socio-cultural formats and trends of innovative development of additional education that presented as a social system and socio-educational practice were studied. The author explores methodological approaches to the analysis of additional education as a variable polydisciplinary type of education which is not regulated by state educational standards. Today additional education is considered as a social technology of formal education, non-formal education and development. The article provides up-to-date statistical information about social actors who implement additional education for children and youth in the Republic of Belarus. This approach allows us to consider additional education as a sociosphere of resource opportunities that increase the efficiency of socialisation process of students.
Russians’ interpretation of happiness and its determinants: results of the survey
Authors: Narbut Nikolai P. , Trotsuk Irina V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the representative all-Russian online survey conducted in the late 2020 – early 2021, i. e., in the period defined today by the scientific, authorities and everyday discourses as pre-covid-19 or pre-pandemic. At that time, and the situation has not changed, rankings became extremely popular, including the ranking of countries by the level of happiness, despite the fact that the very word «happiness» is ambiguous, full of contradictory connotations and difficult to define conceptually and empirically even within the disciplinary framework of specific disciplines, including sociology. The article presents the results of the survey (dominant interpretations of happiness, self-estimates in terms of happiness, etc.) and methodological conclusions (pressure of social desirability, gender and generational measurements of happiness and its definitions) from the online survey conducted with the authors questionnaire which allowed respondents to assess their level of happiness and to express their opinion on how it should be defined and what can influence it (a combination of direct and indirect questions).
A Multimodal Analgesic Regimen Including Liposomal Bupivacaine Moderated Acute Pain Levels After Third Molar Surgery
Authors:   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, Matthew Pham , Caitlin Magraw ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, Timothy Neal ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, Barry Kendell ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, Glenn Reside ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, Ceib Phillips ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA, P White Raymond ,   Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, USA
Published: December 2021

This prospective, observational study was designed to moderate post-surgerical acute pain with a multimodal analgesic regimen including liposomal bupivacaine implemented for patients having third molar surgery. We hypothesized that acute pain would be reported no higher than 50% of the maximum possible. Patients and methods: Inclusion criteria: ASA risk classification I or II, age 18-35 years, and at least two mandibular third molars below the occlusal plane. All subject-patients were enrolled after consent for surgery and treated with the multimodal analgesic regimen. Data at surgery were completed by patient and surgeon. Acute pain data were derived from a 14-day diary completed by subject-patients each Post-Surgical Day (PSD) for the past 24 hours. The primary outcome variable was subjects experiencing “worst pain” which was defined as the three highest values on a 7 point Likert scale. Secondary outcome variables were the time in number of days until “little or no pain” were recorded. This was defined as the two lowest values on the same Likert scale. We used descriptive statistics to report outcomes. Results: Data were from 50 subjects. Thirty-two (64%) were female, median age was 22 years (IQR 19y, 26y), 48% were Caucasian, 25% Latino, 17% African-American, 10% other ethnicity. Surgeons’ median estimate of degree of difficulty was 9 out of 28 (IQR 5,15). Median surgery time was 32min (IQR 20,40). Thirty-nine patients had maxillary third molars removed; 86%, were vertical or distoangular. Bone was removed from 35%. All had both mandibular third molars removed; 54% were mesioangular or horizontal. Bone was removed from 95%. Eleven (23%) patients reported worst pain on PSD1, 17 (35%) on PSD2, 18 (37.5%) on PSD3, and 12 (25%) on PSD4. By PSD6, half of the subject-patients reported little or no pain. Conclusions: Outcomes for pain after third molar surgery were moderated by the multimodal analgesic regimen including liposomal bupivacaine, but the goal of all reporting pain 50% of the maximum possible was not achieved.
Influence of Celebrity Endorsement On the Purchase of Slim Tea by Female Undergraduate Students in Selected Southeast Nigerian Universities
Authors: B.U. ANYAKOHA, , C.I. Odenigbo, , U.C.M Akata,
Published: December 2021

This study explored the influence exerted by celebrity endorsement on the purchase of slim tea products by female undergraduate students in universities in southeast Nigeria. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the relationship between the brand image of slime tea and celebrity endorsement, identify how celebrity choice influences the brand image of a product, and also examine how female undergraduate students’ choice of brand product is driven by celebrity influence. The population of this study consisted of female undergraduate students in the University of Nigeria Nsukka, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Madonna University Okija, and Ebonyi State University Abakiliki. A multistage sampling technique was used to arrive at a required sample size of 383. I did an oversampling and a total of 400 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 392 copies of this questionnaire were filled and returned, making for a return rate of 98%. Findings from this study showed that respondents believe that celebrity endorsement can influence their brand choice. And that the choice of celebrity used matters a lot. If an organization fails to provide a positive and strong brand image, it may directly or indirectly affect consumers’ decision-making; as consumers may shift to competitors that offer a better experience. From the findings of this study, it is recommended that advertisers should make use of the right celebrities to enhance the brand image of their products and also consider celebrities whose profession and lifestyle are in sync with the products and services that they are endorsing.
The Roles of Farmers in Agricultural Development
Authors: Thu Thuy Nguyen , Nga Ma Huyen , Diep Vu Bach
Published: December 2021

To study the factors affecting people's participation in the development of agricultural value chains, the research team collected information from 230 samples in some northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam. The article uses the EFA model and Probit model to conduct the analysis. By using the EFA model and the Probit model to assess the factors affecting farmers' participation in the development of the value chain, our findings show factors: income, natural conditions, loan capital, market have a great impact on the level of people's participation. The article has suggested some solutions to improve people's participation in agricultural value chain development.
Mapping organizational complexity: a network-based approach to behavior through machine learning tools
Authors: Bagnato Sabrina , Barreca Antonina , Costantini Roberta , Quintiliani Francesca
Published: December 2021

The current uncertain, dynamic scenario calls for a systemic perspective when referring to organizational complexity and behavior. Our research contributes to the analysis of organizational complexity through multidimensional behavioral mapping. Our method uses machine learning tools to detect the interconnections between the different behaviors of a person in his/her operating context. First, the research project dealt with prototyping a model to read the organizational behavior, the related detection tool, and a data analysis methodology. It used machine learning tools and ended with a data visualization phase. We set our model to read the organizational behavior by comparing the literature benchmark theories with our field experience. The model was organized around 4 areas and 16 behaviors. These were the basis for singling out the indicators and the questionnaire items. The data analysis methodology aimed at detecting the interconnections between behaviors. We designed it by joining univariate analysis with a multivariate technique based on the application of machine learning tools. This led to a high-resolution network map through three specific steps:
(a) creating a multidimensional topology based on a Kohonen Map (a type of unsupervised learning artificial neural network) to geometrically represent behavioral relationships;
(b) implementing k-means clustering for identifying which areas of the map have behavior similarity or affinity factors; and
(c) locating people and the various identified clusters within the map.
The research highlighted the validity of machine learning tools to detect the multidimensionality of organizational behavior. Therefore, we could delineate the networking of the observed elements and visualize an otherwise unattainable complexity through multimedia and interactive reporting.
Application in the field of research consisted of the design and development of a prototype integrated with our LMS platform via a plugin. Field experimentation confirmed the effectiveness of the method for creating professional growth and development paths. Furthermore, this experimentation allowed us to obtain significant data by applying our model to several sectors, namely pharmaceutical, TLC, banking, automotive, machinery, and services.
An Overview of the Civil Procedure and Court System of Netherlands
Authors: Saliu Xhemile
Published: December 2021

When it comes to Dutch law, the initiation of civil litigation, there are just a few cases in the Netherlands. This is due to the harmonized Dutch culture. Therefore, compared to other European countries, the number of lawyers and judges per capita in the Netherlands is small. In this scientific paper, we will make an overview of the civil judicial organization, the types of civil proceedings, the obligation to represent the civil cases in the court through a lawyer, legal aid and also in more detail we will focus on the main stages of the civil trial as well as the conditions that must be met before initiating civil proceedings.
We will analyze in detail the fact that in the Dutch Law, the defendant may deny the right to judicial reconciliation with the plaintiff, before initiating the proceedings and that it is also preferable in Dutch Law, that the opposing party is summoned to fulfill its obligations within a certain period. If without respecting this method, the court procedure is initiated, the court costs may be attributed to the initiator of the procedure, i.e the plaintiff. Except for proceedings before judges from subordinate regions in Dutch law, the general rule is that the proceedings must be presided over by the plaintiff's attorney (procurator litis) and by a lawyer selected from the list of attorneys registered with the Association. In this scientific paper, we will also pay special attention to the temporary legal protection and special procedures and we will also focus on the judgments and legal remedies in Dutch law.
Ekstrak Monascus purpureus (angkak) mampu Menurunkan GM-CSF pada Penderita Demam Berdarah
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Harianto Indro
Published: December 2021

Penyakit demam berdarah akibat infeksi virus dengue dapat dikategorikan sebagai penyakit dengan self limiting disease dengan masa penyembuhan sekitar 7 hari. Pada perjalanan penyakit tersebut, seringkali ditemukan berbagai macam penyulit yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi hingga kematian. Berbagai permasalahan klinis yang ditimbulkan akan mengakibatkan penurunan kondisi penderita secara umum. Salah satu komplikasi berbahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan dari demam berdarah adalah timbulnya syok dan perdarahan. Pemberian asupan ekstrak Monascus purpureus mampu menurunkan kadar Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), sehingga mampu mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asupan ekstrak Monascus purpureus terhadap perubahan kadar GM-CSF pada penderita demam berdarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental pada 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan asupan ekstrak Monascus purpureus selama 3 hari. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada setiap kelompok berjumlah 15 orang. Parameter yang digunakan pada penelitian tersebut adalah kadar GM-CSF setelah pemberian perlakuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan kadar GM-CSF pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkam pemberian asupan ekstrak Monascus purpureus selama 3 hari mampu menurunkan kadar GM-CSF penderita demam berdarah.
Peran Kader Terhadap Pemberian Kapsul Vitamin A Pada Balita
Authors: Ayudia Fanny , Amran Amrina , Putri Arfianingsih Dwi
Published: December 2021

Pemberian kapsul Vitamin A sangat penting untuk menjaga kesehatan terutama kesehatan untuk  mata yang dapat mencegah kebutaan dan lebih penting lagi untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Pemberian vitamin A yang cukup pada anak dapat mencegah atau mengurangi keparahan suatu penyakit yang diderita anak seperti diare, campak atau penyakit infeksi seperti ISPA, sehingga tidak membahayakan jiwa anak (Depkes RI, 2011). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2014  Balita yang diberi vitamin A sebanyak 60.385 (85,7%), sedangkan target Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang sebesar 100%. Peran petugas kesehatan di masyarakat harus memberikan penyuluhan kepada  masyarakat mengenai vitamin A, karena dengan adanya peran petugas kesehatan sebagai vasilitator akan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu mengenai vitamin A.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader terhadap pemberian kapsul vitamin A pada balita. Jenis dan desain penelitian ini analitik  dengan menggunakan cross sectional study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki anak balita dengan sampel sebanyak 90 orang.  Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan uji Chi-Square  pada derajat kemaknaan 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil pada penelitian ini terdapat 74,5% Kader yang tidak berperan dalam pemberian kapsul vitamin A pada balita. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan antara peran kader dengan pemberian kapsul vitamin A pada balita dengan nilai p value = 0,001 (p<0,05. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kader dapat berperan dalam memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu yang memiliki balita dengan harapan ibu yang memiliki balita membawa anaknya untuk mendapatkan vitamin A.   Disarankan kepada puskesmas yang berada di kota Padang agar diberikan pelatihan kader tentang pemberian vitamin A.
Kepatuhan Ibu dalam Kegiatan Pos Gizi dengan Ketepatan Pemberian Makan dan Kecukupan Asupan Energi pada Balita
Authors: Masri Erina , Nengsih Surya , Dara Widia
Published: December 2021

Masalah gizi kurang pada  balita  berdampak pada kualitas  sumber  daya  manusia di masa yang akan da. Kegiatan Pos Gizi merupakan salah satu upaya dalam penanganan masalah gizi kurang pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan ibu mengikuti kegiatan pos gizi dengan praktek pemberian makan dan kecukupan asupan energi pada balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ujung Gading. Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain Cross Sectional Study. Responden penelitian adalah ibu balita gizi kurang yang terdaftar sebagai peserta pos gizi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ujung Gading. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner keaktifan pos gizi, formulir SQ FFQ dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan tingkat kepercyaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  ibu yang patuh mengikuti kegiatan Pos Gizi berupa penyuluhan 67,5% dan demo masak 65%. Praktek pemberian makan yang baik 60%, asupan energi cukup  52,5%. Kepatuhan ibu mengikuti Pos Gizi berupa penyuluhan berhubungan dengan praktek pemberian makan (p<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan kepatuhan ibu mengikuti Pos Gizi berupa demo masak dengan praktek pemberian makan (p>0,05). Ada hubungan praktek pemberian makan dengan asupan energi (p<0,05). Ibu yang patuh mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan pada Pos Gizi berhubungan dengan ketepatan pemberian makan pada balita. Praktek pemberian makan berhubungan dengan kecukupan asupan energi pada balita
Puding Dadih Susu Kerbau Dengan Penambahan Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium Guajava.L) sebagai Alternatif Makanan Jajanan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Laila Wilda , Ahriyasna Risya , Putri Debby Regiska
Published: December 2021

Indonesia sekarang ini dihadapkan oleh pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19. Mengonsumsi dadih susu kerbau yang mengandung probiotik dan jambu biji merah yang memiliki kadar vitamin C paling tinggi adalah salah satu cara meningkatkan sistem imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan uji organoleptik puding dadih susu kerbau dengan penambahan jambu biji merah sebagai alternatif jajanan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yaitu 1 kontrol, 3 perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2021 dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan subjektif terhadap cita rasa (uji organoleptik) dengan panelis sebanyak 25 orang. Analisa zat gizi dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Eka Sakti. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji Anova dan uji Kruskall Wallis. Hasil penelitian adalah kadar protein tertinggi (11,84%) pada perlakuan D penambahan jambu biji merah 60 gr, kadar karbohidrat tertinggi (31,74%) pada perlakuan D penambahan jambu biji merah 60 gr, kadar lemak tertinggi (31,15%) pada perlakuan A tanpa penambahan jambu biji merah, dan kadar vitamin C tertinggi (11,84%) pada perlakuan D penambahan jambu biji merah 60 gr. Hasil uji organoleptik didapatkan perlakuan yang paling disukai oleh panelis pada perlakuan D puding dadih penambahan jambu biji merah 60 gr. Uji hedonik yang disukai panelis dari segi warna adalah puding D (6,02) dengan kategori suka, dari segi aroma pada puding D (5,00) dengan kategori agak suka , dari segi rasa pada puding D (5,24) dengan kategori agak suka, dan dari tekstur pada puding A (5,72) dengan kategori agak suka.
Türk - Amerikan İlişkileri: 1 Mart Tezkeresi Gerilimi
Authors: ÇELİKASLAN Mehmet Nur
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada liberal değerleri paylaşan iki müttefik ülke Türkiye ve ABD arasında yaşanan gerilimlerin ve tarafların çatışan çıkarlarının iş birliği çerçevesine hangi açıdan meydan okuduğu, 1 Mart Tezkeresi gerilimi örneğinde sergiledikleri yaklaşımlar üzerinden incelenecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, özellikle 2002-2020 döneminde Türkiye ve ABD arasında küresel gelişmelerden kaynaklı farklılaşan ulusal güvenlik kaygıları ve çıkarlarının neden olduğu 1 Mart Tezkeresi gerilimi konusunda, sorunun çözümü için, tarafların nasıl bir yaklaşım tercih ettiklerini incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, nitel araştırma desenlerinden vaka çalışması türlerinden açıklayıcı/tanımlayıcı durum yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemde veri toplama amacı ile kullanılan araçlardan olan mülakat yöntemi ve doküman incelemesi ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda İki ülke arasında gerçekleşen 1 Mart Tezkeresi geriliminin ABD tarafının problemleri liberal bir yaklaşımla müzakere ederek çözmek yerine, realist yaklaşımı benimsediği bir olay olduğu tespitine ulaşılmıştır.
Örgütler Arası Ağların Stratejik Önemine Dair Literatürdeki Güncel Tartışmalar
Authors: ÇUBUKCU Murat
Published: December 2021

Sosyal ağ teorisinde, insan ve insan olmayan varlıkların bir ağ düzeneği içerisindeki ilişki ve bağlantılarının örgütlerin performanslarında olumlu fark yaratabildikleri akademik yazında üzerinde önemle durulan konulardan biridir. Bu çalışma, örgüt teorisi literatüründe ağ düzenekleri içerisine yerleşmiş örgütlerin, bu ağ düzenekleri dışındaki örgütlerin sahip olamayacağı kaynak ve bilgilere ulaşabileceği konuları üzerine literatürdeki tartışmalara odaklanmaktadır. Literatürde, ne tür örgütler arası ağların mevcut olduğu ve örgütlerin bu ağlara katılma nedenleri hakkındaki tartışmaları tespit etmek ve aynı zamanda ilgili alan yazınına anlamlı bir katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, belirli bir tarih aralığında ve kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen uluslararası akademik dergilerdeki örgütler arası ağların stratejik önemi konusundaki tartışmalar bir arada tablo şeklinde, mevcut tartışma konularının ve ulaşılan bulguların tespit edilmesi yoluyla, literatürdeki tartışmalar ışığında sunulmuştur. Çalışmada konu hakkındaki literatürdeki tartışmalar ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili yorum yapmak ve yeni sentezlere ulaşmak için literatür taramasından elde edilen sonuçlar kronolojik olarak sıralanmış ve bir tabloda birleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili kaynaklar gözden geçirilerek, çeşitli görüş ve tutumlara yer verilmiştir. Bu makalede literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Literatür taramasıyla, örgütler arası ağlar konusundaki tartışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda, ilgili kaynakların gözden geçirilmesi, görüşler, tutumlar ve betimlemelerin bulunması sağlanmıştır. Farklı kişilerin aynı konu hakkındaki tartışma konularına ve bulgularına yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, örgütsel ağlara dair literatürdeki ağ konusundaki kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen bazı akademik makalelerdeki temel tartışma konularını ve temel bulgularını anlamak için literatüre teorik bir çerçevede katkıda bulunur. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, örgütler arası ağların stratejik önemi konusunun yaygın bir tartışma alanı olduğu görülmüştür.
Kamu Politikalarında Şeffaflık ve Açıklık İlkelerine E-Katılımın Etkisi
Authors: DEDE Dilek
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma kamu politikalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerine e-katılımın etkilerini araştırmaya odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın araştırma soruları şunlardır; “Şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin açıklanma biçimindeki değişim nasıl açıklanabilir?” ve “kamu politikaları çalışmalarında bu ilkelerin açıklanmasında e-katılımın etkisi nedir?” Alan-yazın taramasında kamu politikaları çalışmalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin iki açıdan incelenebileceği görülmektedir. Kamu politikalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerini e-katılımın etkileriyle açıklayan çalışmalar, tarafların karar almanın konusunu oluşturan siyasaya ilişkin tüm bilgilerin karar alma sürecinde yer alan taraflara aktarılması, bilgiye erişim ve sivil katılım süreçleri üzerinedir. İkinci tür çalışmalar şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkeleri ile “vatandaşlar için ortak refah” ilişkisi konusuna odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma birinci tür çalışmalara odaklanan yöntemsel olarak teorik, açıklayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışma üç bölüm olarak tasarlanmıştır. İlk olarak şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerinin tanımlarına ve bu ilkelerin son dönemde e-katılımın yükselişi ile değişen anlamına işaret edilmektedir. İkinci bölümde e-katılımın kavramsal değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Son bölümde kamu politikaları çalışmalarında şeffaflık ve açıklık ilkelerine e-katılımın etkisi değerlendirilmektedir.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE, TEACHING STYLE, AND TEACHING STRATEGIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Ferdiyanto Feri , Hamdani Beny , Islam Raudhatul , Harzanah Novi Dwi
Published: December 2021

Teachers’ attitudes, teaching styles, and teaching strategies are needed to motivate students’ enthusiasm and interest in learning English. This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of teachers’ attitudes, styles, and strategies. This study uses quantitative method with a survey design which used a questionnaire as the research instrument to get data. The study is conducted by using Google Form to get the data from the participants. The population of this study is the students of English Department of Zainul Hasan Islamic University Genggong. The sample used in this study are thirty-six students that are from several high schools around the area of Kraksaan. The collected data of this study is then analyzed by using a statistical formula to get the percentage of each question. The results shows that most of the teachers high schools around the area of Kraksaan have good attitudes and strategies in teaching English.
THE INFLUENCE OF SKYPE TOWARDS STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL
Authors: Iskandar Yuski , Ma’rifatulloh Sayid
Published: December 2021

One of the main skill in learning English as second language is writing. Learning writing is necessarily important nowadays, not only for education purposes but also for occupation purposes as well. However, most of the students feel bored in writing; one of the reasons is because the teaching learning process still uses conventional method. Thereby, it seems that writing is difficult and boring because the students score in writing is low. Therefore, the researcher uses Skype as the media in teaching writing as an alternative solution for this problem. The study aim is to find if there is any significant influence of using Skype towards students’ writing skill especially in writing descriptive text. The result of this study showed that there is a significant influence of using Skype towards students’ writing skill.
Küresel Faktörlerin Türkiye’deki Uzaktan Eğitim Politikasına Etkisi: Fırsatlar ve Tehditler
Authors: AŞÇI Taner , TOKTAŞ İhsan
Published: December 2021

Ülkemiz ve dünyadaki birçok eğitim kurumu tamamen uzaktan eğitimi esas alan ve geçerli diploma ve sertifikalar sunan eğitim imkânları sağlamaktadır. Öğrenciler sınıf arkadaşlarını, öğretim elemanları ya da öğretmenlerini yüz yüze hiç görmeden mezun olabilmektedir. Uzaktan eğitim, eğitime erişimi kolaylaştırmak gibi birçok avantajı beraberinde getirse de klasik eğitim ortamlarının sahip olduğu sosyal gelişim imkanı olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Yaş gruplarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilen ekran bağımlılığı ve asosyal gelişim, kişisel gelişim bozukluklarına dahi sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, küresel etkilerle şekillenerek eğitimde güçlü bir seçenek haline gelen uzaktan eğitim modelinin ülkemizde toplumsal hayata getirdiği fırsatlar ve tehditler incelenmektedir.
Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy of Chemotherapy by Amphiphilic Y-Shaped Polypeptide Micelles
Authors: Hua Cong , Zhang Yi , Liu Yuanhao
Published: December 2021

Although the treatment modalities of cancers are developing rapidly, chemotherapy is still the primary treatment strategy for most solid cancers. The progress in nanotechnology provides an opportunity to upregulate the tumor suppression efficacy and decreases the systemic toxicities. As a promising nanoplatform, the polymer micelles are fascinating nanocarriers for the encapsulation and delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical and physical properties of amphiphilic co-polymers could significantly regulate the performances of the micellar self-assembly and affect the behaviors of controlled release of drugs. Herein, two amphiphilic Y-shaped polypeptides are prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomer l-leucine N-carboxyanhydride (l-Leu NCA) initiated by a dual-amino-ended macroinitiator poly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG-(NH2)2]. The block co-polypeptides with PLeu8 and PLeu16 segments could form spontaneously into micelles in an aqueous solution with hydrodynamic radii of 80.0 ± 6.0 and 69.1 ± 4.8 nm, respectively. The developed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles could release the payload in a sustained pattern and inhibit the growth of xenografted human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma with decreased systemic toxicity. The results demonstrated the great potential of polypeptide micellar formulations in cancer therapy clinically.
Exercise Alleviates the Apolipoprotein A5-Toll-Like Receptor 4 Axis Impairment in Mice With High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Yu Yang , Yu Lina , Cheng Nuo , Liu Xiaoguang , Fang Chunlu , Liu Shujing , Zhu Lin
Published: December 2021

Background: Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5), an important modulator of plasma and hepatic triglyceride metabolism, has been found to be downregulated by metformin to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meanwhile, exercise has been recommended as a therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, no study has yet determined whether exercise affects hepatic ApoA5 expression or the inhibition of ApoA5 to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We herein examined the effects of exercise on hepatic ApoA5 expression and the relevance of ApoA5 and TLR4-mediated pathway in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were built NASH model with high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and following mice were subjected to exercise for 12 weeks on a treadmill. Microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure histological analysis of liver and hepatic lipids, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to determined mRNA and protein levels of ApoA5 and TLR4-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway components, respectively. ApoA5 overexpression plasmids transfected into mice to investigate the relevance of ApoA5 and TLR4.

Results: 12 weeks of exercise remarkably alleviated HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hepatic TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and NF-κBp65 expression. Importantly, exercise did not reduce ApoA5 expression but instead enhanced its ability to suppress TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway components by decreasing circulating LPS in our experiments involving transfection of ApoA5 overexpression plasmids and LPS interventions.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that exercise improved HFD-induced NASH by triggering the inhibitory effects of ApoA5 on the TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway.
A Case for Studying Naturalistic Eye and Head Movements in Virtual Environments
Authors: Callahan-Flintoft Chloe , Barentine Christian , Touryan Jonathan , Ries Anthony J.
Published: December 2021

Using head mounted displays (HMDs) in conjunction with virtual reality (VR), vision researchers are able to capture more naturalistic vision in an experimentally controlled setting. Namely, eye movements can be accurately tracked as they occur in concert with head movements as subjects navigate virtual environments. A benefit of this approach is that, unlike other mobile eye tracking (ET) set-ups in unconstrained settings, the experimenter has precise control over the location and timing of stimulus presentation, making it easier to compare findings between HMD studies and those that use monitor displays, which account for the bulk of previous work in eye movement research and vision sciences more generally. Here, a visual discrimination paradigm is presented as a proof of concept to demonstrate the applicability of collecting eye and head tracking data from an HMD in VR for vision research. The current work’s contribution is 3-fold: firstly, results demonstrating both the strengths and the weaknesses of recording and classifying eye and head tracking data in VR, secondly, a highly flexible graphical user interface (GUI) used to generate the current experiment, is offered to lower the software development start-up cost of future researchers transitioning to a VR space, and finally, the dataset analyzed here of behavioral, eye and head tracking data synchronized with environmental variables from a task specifically designed to elicit a variety of eye and head movements could be an asset in testing future eye movement classification algorithms.
An Ecological Study of Identity in Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Light of the Dynamic Systems Model of Role Identity
Authors: Wang Rouhua , Elahi Shirvan Majid , Taherian Tahereh
Published: December 2021

Influenced by the growing urge of investigating the combined nature of teacher identity with the dynamic teacher professional learning processes in recent years, the present study aimed to cast an ecological look at identity role construction and change in L2 teaching. To this aim, Dynamic Systems Model of Role Identity (DSMRI) meta-theoretical framework was employed with the centrality of social–cultural roles in framing an EFL teacher’s experiences and guiding actions. In a single-case study, a Chinese EFL teacher’s dynamic construction of identity (as a single-case design) was traced in three phases: before a practicum (teacher professional development program), during the practicum, and during the first year of teaching. A triangulation of data was used to ensure the adequacy and representativeness of the required data. The data were analyzed qualitatively to find traces of change and development in the teacher’s ontological beliefs, goals, self-perceptions, and action possibilities. The DSMRI-oriented analysis of pre-, mid-, and post-practicum data emphasized the traces of role identities of the teacher trainee in her professional development process, that also created both emerging patterns and emerging challenges in her role, fostering a more negotiated, adaptive and realistic teacher role identity. This study substantiated the usefulness of the DSMRI for viewing language teachers’ professional development and the dynamic identity development processes as several temporal and situated factors contribute to the alignment or misalignment of a teacher’s ontological beliefs, goals, self-perceptions, and action possibilities.
Parental Chronic Illness, Internalizing Problems in Young Adulthood and the Mediating Role of Adolescent Attachment to Parents: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaasbøll Jannike , Skokauskas Norbert , Lydersen Stian , Sund Anne Mari
Published: December 2021

Background: Parental chronic illness is associated with an elevated risk for developing social-emotional and behavioral problems in children, in particular internalizing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between parental chronic illness when participants were adolescents and subsequent internalizing symptoms in young adulthood and whether adolescent attachment to parents or peers mediates these associations.

Methods: The study used longitudinal survey data from the Youth and Mental Health Study, a cohort study including a representative sample of youth in central Norway assessed in the period from 1999 to 2000 (mean age 14.9 years) and in 2012 (mean age 27.2 years) (N = 1,266). The data consist of youth self-reports at both time points. Parental chronic illness was reported by the adolescents, quality of attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and internalizing problems were assessed in young adulthood by using the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Data were analyzed using parallel mediation analyses, controlling for adolescent sex, parental socioeconomic status, and divorce. In addition, separate analyses were conducted for adolescent girls and boys.

Results: The total longitudinal effect was significant for both maternal and paternal chronic illness on internalizing problems in young adulthood. The direct effect on internalizing problems was only significant for maternal chronic illness. Attachment to fathers partially mediated the relationship between maternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood, whereas attachment to both mothers and fathers fully mediated the relationship between paternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood. A separate analysis for girls and boys indicated that the results were only significant for girls. Parental chronic illness did not play a significant indirect effect via attachment to peers on internalizing problems.

Conclusions: Identifying protective factors in the pathways between parental chronic illness and mental distress in children could guide measures that promote the well-being of the child and family. The study demonstrates the importance of targeting the entire family in chronic illness care.