bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Gamma-Ray Binary LS I + 61°303 Harbor a Magnetar?
Authors: Suvorov Arthur G. , Glampedakis Kostas
Published: November 2022

The high-mass X-ray binary LS I + 61°303 is also cataloged as a gamma-ray binary as a result of frequent outbursts at TeV photon energies. The system has released two soft-gamma flares in the past, suggesting a magnetar interpretation for the compact primary. This inference has recently gained significant traction following the discovery of transient radio pulses, detected in some orbital phases from the system, as the measured rotation and tentative spin-down rates imply a polar magnetic field strength of B

p
≳ 1014 G if the star is decelerating via magnetic dipole braking. In this paper, we scrutinize magnetic field estimates for the primary in LS I + 61°303 by analyzing the compatibility of available data with the system’s accretion dynamics, spin evolution, age limits, gamma-ray emissions, and radio pulsar activation. We find that the neutron star’s age and spin evolution are theoretically difficult to reconcile unless a strong propeller torque is in operation. This torque could be responsible for the bulk of even the maximum allowed spin-down, potentially weakening the inferred magnetic field by more than an order of magnitude.
Dynamic Evolution of Magnetic Flux Ropes in Active Region 11429. I. EUV Observations
Authors: Zhang Yin , Liu Jihong , Tan Baolin , Zhu Xiaoshuai , Yan Yihua
Published: November 2022

Studying the formation and dynamic evolution of the magnetic flux rope (MFR) is key to understanding the physics of most solar eruptions. In the present study, we investigate the dynamic evolution of four MFRs, which involve in a major eruption. The MFR1, which represents as filament (F1), first appears about 31 hr before the major eruption. The MFR2 appears as a hot-channel with a small filament (F2) in its east part. The hot-channel becomes intermittently visible about 2 hr before the major eruption. The MFR3 is formed by the reconnection between MFR1 and MFR2. The annular components of MFR3 along the MFR2 part appear as a hollow helical structure from the background with the temperature of several MK after the reconnection. Coronal material then flows along the hollow structure from MFR1 part to MFR2 part to form a new filament (F3), which is hosted by MFR3 and acts as the axial component of MFR3 in the following evolution. The MFR4 appears during MFR3's eruption phase as conjugated extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings. Both brightenings extend outward into irregular ribbons with conjugate EUV dimmings inside. Meanwhile, an erupted hot-channel, which roots in the conjugated brightening, is identified. The morphology of the MFRs are also profiled by four associated flare ribbon pairs. The on-disk observations shed light on our understanding of the topology of the MFRs and their formation and eruption. Further work should lay emphasis on the magnetic environment for the MFR formation and evolution.
The Disk Population in a Distant Massive Protocluster
Authors: Cheng Yu , Tan Jonathan C. , Tobin John J. , Fedriani Rubén , Andersen Morten , Wang Junfeng
Published: November 2022

The unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array make it possible to unveil disk populations in distant (>2 kpc), embedded young cluster environments. We have conducted an observation toward the central region of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.16 at 1.3 mm. With a spatial resolution of 23 mas and a sensitivity of 15 μJy beam−1, we detect a total of 38 protostellar disks. These disks have dust masses ranging from about 53 to 1825 M
⊕, assuming a dust temperature of 20 K. This sample is not closely associated with previously identified dense cores, as would be expected for disks around Class 0 protostars. Thus, we expect our sample, being flux-limited, to be mainly composed of Class I/flat-spectrum source disks, since these are typically more massive than Class II disks. Furthermore, we find that the distributions of disk masses and radii are statistically indistinguishable from those of the Class I/flat-spectrum objects in the Orion molecular cloud, indicating that similar processes are operating in G286.21+0.16 to regulate disk formation and evolution. The cluster center appears to host a massive protostellar system composed of three sources within 1200 au, including a potential binary with 600 au projected separation. Relative to this center, there is no evidence for widespread mass segregation in the disk population. We do find a tentative trend of increasing disk radius versus distance from the cluster center, which may point to the influence of dynamical interactions being stronger in the central regions.
Spatial Distribution and Low-frequency Disturbance Modulation of Magnetosheath Ion Polytropic Index
Authors: Pang Xuexia , Geng Xiyao , Wang Shiqun , Cao Jinbin , Deng Zechao , Duan Pingguang , Li Xuechen , Jia Pengying , Xu Longfei
Published: November 2022

We, using the Cluster data from 2001 to 2010, studied spatial distribution of the ion polytropic index in the magnetosheath, and the modulation of polytropic process by the low-frequency disturbances (4–18 mHz). The total of 30,3283 samples is divided into two sorts: quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel propagating ones. The median polytropic index increases with spreads narrowing from the bow shock to the magnetopause. The median polytropic indices are basically between isothermal and adiabatic in the inner magnetosheath, and between isothermal and isobaric in the outer magnetosheath. The spatial distributions of the correlation coefficient (CC) between the perturbed ion number density and the parallel magnetic field CC (δn, δB
∥) have a good correlation with those of polytropic index. The quasi-perpendicular disturbances are mostly mirror-like modes (D

r
≪ 1) except for some slow-mode disturbances (D

r
≥ 1) in the regions near the Sun–Earth line and the inner magnetosheath. The polytropic indices in the inner and middle magnetosheath modulated by mirror-like-mode disturbances are between 0.9 and 1.3. The quasi-parallel propagating low-frequency disturbances are predominantly slow modes in the inner and middle magnetosheath, and Alfvén modes in the outer magnetosheath. For the samples with quasi-parallel propagating disturbances, the polytropic processes are basically between isothermal and isobaric except near the magnetopause. The good correlation between the spatial distributions of polytropic index and low-frequency disturbances indicates that the distribution of the polytropic index in the magnetosheath is modulated by low-frequency disturbances.
Laboratory and Astronomical Discovery of Magnesium Dicarbide, MgC2
Authors: Changala P. B. , Gupta H. , Cernicharo J. , Pardo J. R. , Agúndez M. , Cabezas C. , Tercero B. , Guélin M. , McCarthy M. C.
Published: November 2022

We report the detection of magnesium dicarbide, MgC2, in the laboratory at centimeter wavelengths and assign 24MgC2, 25MgC2, and 26MgC2 to 14 unidentified lines in the radio spectrum of the circumstellar envelope of the evolved carbon star IRC+10216. The structure of MgC2 is found to be T-shaped with a highly ionic bond between the metal atom and the C2 unit, analogous to other dicarbides containing electropositive elements. A two-temperature excitation model of the MgC2 emission lines observed in IRC+10216 yields a very low rotational temperature of 6 ± 1 K, a kinetic temperature of 22 ± 13 K, and a column density of (1.0 ± 0.3) × 1012 cm−2. The abundance of MgC2 relative to the magnesium–carbon chains MgCCH, MgC4H, and MgC6H is 1:2:22:20 and provides a new constraint on the sequential radiative association–dissociative recombination mechanisms implicated in the production of metal-bearing molecules in circumstellar environments.
Self-medication with antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic resistance among population in Arar city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Eltom Elhassan Hussein , Alanazi Abdallah Lafi , Alenezi Jamal Farhan , Alruwaili Ghazi Meshal , Alanazi Abdulaziz Mohammed , Hamayun Rahma
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Self-medication with pharmaceutical products can be defined as the use of these products without a medical prescription, and the production, distribution, and sale of these products are the client’s responsibility, while they think it is within rational usage. Among these products, antibiotics remain the most serious problem leading to the spread of antibiotic resistance, with consequences of increased morbidity, mortality, and extended hospital stays.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among Arar city population and assessing their awareness of antibiotic resistance. Data had been collected through a self-administered validated online questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using a statistical package for the social science program (SPSS) version 20.

Results: The overall number of respondents to our survey was 462, with 56.7% female and 43.3% male participants. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was (77.5%). The main reasons for self-medication with antibiotics were ease of use (54.6%) and cost-saving (24.8%). When asked about what they think about self-medication with antibiotics for self-care, 20.1% of our participants thought that it is a good practice and 41.6% thought that it is an acceptable practice. 81.4 % of respondents thought that antibiotic resistance occurs when your body becomes resistant to antibiotics and no longer works well

Conclusions: In the Northern region, despite the open and rapid access to medical care services, it appears that a high proportion of young adult population prefers custom antibiotics without a medical prescription.
A case of furuncular myiasis in an Italian patient: a “travel souvenir”
Authors: Silvestri Martina , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Pombi Marco , Morrone Aldo , Caterino Mauro , Cameli Norma
Published: November 2022

Furuncular myiasis is a parasitosis of the skin that is commonly reported in the tropical areas and is caused by various agents including Dermatobia hominis. Knowledge of myiasis is limited in Italy, resulting in difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of imported furuncular myiasis in a 48 year old Italian patient who returned from Peru. A third stage larva of D. hominis was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.
Salmonella gastroenteritis in children: six-year experience in İstanbul, Turkey
Authors: Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren , Köle Mehmet Tolga , Demir Tekol Serap , Söbü Elif , Akın Yasemin
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with Salmonella gastroenteritis.

Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged between 1 month and 18 years with the diagnosis of Salmonella gastroenteritis between May 2015 and December 2021.

Results: A total of 172 children diagnosed with Salmonella gastroenteritis, including 113 outpatients and 59 hospitalized children, were included in this study. There were 95 (55.2%) males and 77 (44.8%) females with a median age of 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 33.5–96 months, min–max: 1–205 months). The most common clinical symptoms were diarrhea (n = 166, 96.5%), fever (n = 113, 65.7%) and abdominal pain (n = 73, 42.4%). Bloody diarrhea was seen in 19.2% of patients. Fifty (29.1%) of the Salmonella species could not be typed. Serogroup D (n = 106, 61.6%) was the predominant serogroup isolated from stool cultures, followed by serogroup B (n = 16, 9.3%). 62.2% of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 97.7% to ciprofloxacin, 98.8% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 98.8% to ceftriaxone. Fever, vomiting, and underlying disease occurred more frequently in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (p: 0.005, p: 0.000, p: 0.000, respectively). C-reactive protein value was found to be higher in hospitalized patients (p: 0.000).

Conclusions: Salmonella should be considered as a causative agent in pediatric patients with abdominal pain, fever, and bloody-mucous diarrhea, and patients with severe clinical conditions should be hospitalized and antibiotic therapy initiated if indicated.
Species associated with whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the Galapagos Archipelago
Authors: Green Sofia , Hearn Alex , Green Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) frequently appear to interact or associate with other species, which vary depending on the community structure and the demographic of the whale sharks at each location globally. Here, we present the species sighted frequently around whale sharks in the Galapagos Archipelago, and reported by dive guides and scientists and also in earlier publications. These associated species include cetacean species: bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), other shark species: silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis), Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis), scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini), tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), and teleost fish species: remoras (Echeneis sp), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), almaco jacks (Seriola rivoliana), and black jacks (Caranx lugubris). The recording of interspecies associations and interactions may lead to better understanding of the natural history of whale sharks and can show important symbiotic relationships or interdependence between different species.
Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments: 14
Authors: Fenu Giuseppe , Al-Rammahi Hayder M. , Cambria Salvatore , Cristaudo Antonia E. , Khabibullaev Bekhruz S. , Mohammad Mohammad K. , Shomurodov Khabibullo F. , Tavilla Gianmarco , Orsenigo Simone
Published: November 2022

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of three vascular plants according to IUCN categories and criteria are presented. It includes the assessment of Allium ravenii F.O.Khass., Shomuradov & Kadyrov and Centaurea seguenzae (Lacaita) Brullo, Marcenò & Siracusa at global level and Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. & Buhse at regional level.
Study of neuroprotective activity of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors TVA and TVS in experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gasparyan Hrachik V. , Buloyan Sona A. , Harutyunyan Hayk A. , Pogosyan Anahit E. , Arshakyan Lilit M. , Harutyunyan Lusine S. , Avetisyan Zubeida A. , Tosunyan Syuzanna R. , Hovhannisyan Armen A. , Topuzyan Vigen O.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of synaptic connection between neurons of the cortex and subcortical regions. The cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD, hence acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used for symptomatic improvement of AD. Most of these therapeutic agents are hepatotoxic, leading to liver failure and other complications. Therefore, the study of new AChEIs with less toxic impact and better effectivity is a topical challenge. In view of this, we synthesized novel chemical compounds: TVA and TVS that possess AChEI activity and studied their neuroprotective effect in an experimental AD model.

Materials and methods: Studies were performed on white rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed by Karber’s method. AD was induced via bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ 25–35. Histopathological examinations were performed in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Liver tissue was additionally examined to monitor the hepatotoxicity of these compounds.

Results: Studies of the hippocampus showed that compared to control and TVA-treated groups, under the influence of TVS there were few morphological alterations. Experimental groups showed an increase in the glial cell count, compared to the intact animals. In comparison to the AD group, the increase in microglia was not that prominent under the action of the novel compounds. Under the influence of TVA and TVS, the entorhinal cortex was more susceptible to neuronal injury, although TVS protected pyramidal neurons. Also, the group treated with TVA had signs of acute liver damage, while under the influence of TVS there were no signs of liver changes.

Discussion: Histopathological examination showed that the neurodegenerative processes in the hippocampus, as well as in the entorhinal cortex, were significantly reduced under the influence of TVS, compared with the control group. At the same time, TVA had no significant effect on the protection of neuronal cells. Also, TVS was less toxic, and there was no sign of hepatotoxicity during the experiments.

Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that TVS possesses neuroprotective activity and reduces neuronal damage induced by Aβ.

Graphical abstract:
2022: A Year in Review
Authors: Graebe Jennifer , Cosme Sheri
Published: November 2022

In 2022, program directors in ANCC accredited nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) organizations and transition to practice (TTP) programs embraced innovative and dynamic ways to envision the future of nursing and health care from a new vantage point. This column highlights key topics from the year: workforce development; the interprofessional learning environment; return on investment for NCPD and TTP programs; and outcomes-driven professional development.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(12):525–527.]
Improving Critical Thinking in New Graduate Nurses: Are Practical Methods the Answer?
Authors: Christodoulakis Antonios , Kritsotakis George , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: November 2022

Critical thinking is an essential skill of health care professionals. Not sufficiently matured during undergraduate studies, critical thinking skills need continued development. One solution could be a practical guide of teaching methods for clinical educators and professional development specialists to use with new graduate nurses. This column describes a few practical methods that can improve critical thinking.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(12):530–532.]
Factors Influencing Nurses' Behavior in Nutritional Care for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before, During, and After Hospitalization: A Delphi Study
Authors: ten Cate Debbie , Schuurmans Marieke J. , van Eijk Jorna , Bell Jack J. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Ettema Roelof G. A.
Published: November 2022

Background

To improve nutritional care for community-dwelling older adults before, during, and after hospitalization, factors influencing nurses' current behavior should be targeted. The aim of this study was to obtain expert consensus on which factors influencing the behavior of hospital and home care nurses are most relevant, modifiable, and feasible to influence.

Method

In a two-round Delphi study, nine pre-selected factors were rated by 26 experts.

Results

Eight factors were rated as relevant, modifiable, and feasible to influence: (1) lack of sufficient knowledge, (2) mainly neutral attitude, (3) low prioritization, (4) ambiguous motivation to routinely use guidelines and screening tools, (5) moderate awareness about risk factors, (6) lack of sense of involving informal caregivers, (7) ambiguous motivation to follow education and training, and (8) strong focus on medical nutrition.

Conclusion

The expert panel reached consensus on eight factors influencing nurses' current behavior. To enhance nutritional care to prevent malnutrition in older adults, strategies are needed for targeting these factors in nursing practice, education, and research.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(12):545–556.]
Solving an integral equation vian orthogonal neutrosophic rectangular metric space
Authors: Mani Gunaseelan , Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph , Varadharajan Vidhya , Jarad Fahd
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notion of an orthogonal neutrosophic rectangular metric space and prove fixed point theorems. We extend some of the well-known results in the literature. As applications of the main results, we apply our main results to show the existence of a unique solution.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation of an SIR epidemic model with density-dependent transmission and Allee effect
Authors: Lin Xiaofen , Liu Hua , Han Xiaotao , Wei Yumei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an SIR model with a strong Allee effect and density-dependent transmission is proposed, and its characteristic dynamics are investigated. The elementary mathematical characteristic of the model is studied, including positivity, boundedness and the existence of equilibrium. The local asymptotic stability of the equilibrium points is analyzed using linear stability analysis. Our results indicate that the asymptotic dynamics of the model are not only determined using the basic reproduction number ${R_0}$. If ${R_0} < 1$, there are three disease-free equilibrium points, and a disease-free equilibrium is always stable. At the same time, the conditions for other disease-free equilibrium points to be bistable were determined. If ${R_0} > 1$ and in certain conditions, either an endemic equilibrium emerges and is locally asymptotically stable, or the endemic equilibrium becomes unstable. What must be emphasized is that there is a locally asymptotically stable limit cycle when the latter happens. The Hopf bifurcation of the model is also discussed using topological normal forms. The stable limit cycle can be interpreted in a biological significance as a recurrence of the disease. Numerical simulations are used to verify the theoretical analysis. Taking into account both density-dependent transmission of infectious diseases and the Allee effect, the dynamic behavior becomes more interesting than when considering only one of them in the model. The Allee effect makes the SIR epidemic model bistable, which also makes the disappearance of diseases possible, since the disease-free equilibrium in the model is locally asymptotically stable. At the same time, persistent oscillations due to the synergistic effect of density-dependent transmission and the Allee effect may explain the recurrence and disappearance of disease.
CLR: Cloud Linear Regression Environment as a More Effective Resource-Task Scheduling Environment (State-of-the-Art)
Authors: Seno Mohammed E. , Mohammad Omer K. Jasim , Dhannoon Ban N.
Published: November 2022

The cloud paradigm has swiftly developed, and it is now well known as one of the emerging technologies that will have a significant influence on technology and society in the next few years. Cloud computing also has several benefits, including lower operating costs, server consolidation, flexible system setup, and elastic resource supply. However, there are still technological hurdles to overcome, particularly with real-time applications by providing resources. Resources allocation management most charming part of cloud computing; therefore, several authors have worked in the area of resource usage. This study introduces an innovative cloud machine learning framework-based linear regression approach called cloud linear regression (CLR), which entails both cloud technology and machine learning concept. CLR using machine learning yielded good prediction results for resource allocation management, as appeared with many researching, and still seek, research to raise optimal solutions to the resources' allocation problem as the aim of this study.   This study discusses the relation between cloud resource allocation management and machine learning techniques by illustrating the role of linear regression methods, resource distribution, and task scheduling. The analytical analysis shows that the CLR promises to present an effective solution for resources (scheduling, provisioning, allocation, and availability).
How Frugal Innovation Is Transitioning Human Life and Improving Quality of Life in the Digital Era
Authors: Rafiq Nosheen , Shah Syed Haider Ali , Amjad Rafia , Kiani Ozair Ijaz
Published: November 2022

The chapter is about the role of frugal innovation and how it improves overall quality of life in digital era. The development of any state depends upon the level of advanced technology, but all states are not in a sound enough condition to use expensive technology to enhance quality of life. Therefore, such economies go towards the idea of frugal innovation where it offers ‘low price' solutions that provide quality products and improve standard of living. It also focuses on the idea of environmental protection as well. This chapter focuses on how frugal innovation can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, wastage, excess usage of water, and participate in environmental sustainability. This chapter suggests the need of scientists and researchers and their leading role in enhancing frugal innovation
Innovation in Education
Authors: Khaskheli Kanwal
Published: November 2022

Innovation in education is pursuing knowledge that will support novel and distinctive ideas. We can describe the term ‘innovation' in education as finding the most appropriate and productive way to get maximum outcome from educational institutes. It is concerned with unrevealing individual capabilities of the students and researchers, which can assist society in underlining and resolving many scientific and social problems and enables us to get more creative and critical thinkers. Innovation in education is thinking outside of the box, challenging the existing techniques and tools to acquire more valuable ways of learning. The chapter covers the essentials of innovation in education and aims to unveil the potential areas of innovation in existing education system; generally, it falls in the category of processes innovations, which include modern and meaningfully advanced techniques of classroom-based learning, assessment tools, and teaching techniques.
Social Innovation and Environment
Authors: Jamshed Kamran Ali , Shah Syed Haider Ali , Jamshaid Samrah
Published: November 2022

This chapter aimed to understand and foster innovative technology by addressing social needs and developing innovative ideas to solve environmental issues. Social innovation is a new means of identifying better answers to social concerns, and it entails social individuals and communities generating, testing, and disseminating ideas to meet critical social needs. It's a collaborative and participatory technique that focuses on the whole system rather than individual elements. This chapter is an overview of the hospitality industry of Europe as the hospitality industry is the largest industry and the European hospitality industry is covering almost 50% of the global hospitality industry. In this chapter, the overview of the social innovation with the hospitality industry is associated with social causes like the leftovers can be distributed to needy people and hotels can offer discounts for those guests who are willing to participate in social causes.
How Frugal Innovation, Social Transition, and Business Sustainability Are Related
Authors: Shah Syed Haider Ali , Aman Nida , Al Azhari Sanaullah , Alvi Bushra , Amjad Rafia , Ishaque Farhat Ishaque , Kiani Ozair Ijaz , Sheikh Muhammad Zeeshan Ahmed
Published: November 2022

The rise of digitalization has brought new challenges to the business world. E-commerce operations are growing as a result of digitalization, which is transforming traditional business processes, methods, and products into new ones. To address the global challenges posed by e-commerce and changes in markets, firms rely heavily on business innovation. Firms must be able to function under societal and operational challenges, as well as have the ability to integrate local knowledge with other types of expertise. Frugal innovation focuses on societal and operational issues and challenges as beginning points for innovative ideas that could ultimately drive for sustainable development. This chapter is about a mapping of the literature by focusing on certain research areas: the structure and identifying patterns of how the frugal innovation, social transition, and business sustainability are related in the digital era.
Social Innovation
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Faisal , Tunio Muhammad Nawaz , Masood Harris , Jabeen Mehwish
Published: November 2022

The chapter is written purposively in order to highlight the development of social innovation as the idea of discipline and work process. The chapter highlights not only the academic evolution of social innovation but also highlights the role of universities in the development of social innovation in developing sides of the world. Therefore, the chapter is much different from the other chapters that are written to highlight the birth, introduction, and growth of social innovation and the social innovation process. In fact, the purpose of this chapter is not only to emphasize the introduction of social innovation as the term and idea, but the chapter also defined factors that assist in the growth of social innovation in the developing world.
Increasing Males of Color in the Teacher Pipeline
Authors: Mayfield Felicia Moss
Published: November 2022

This study is Part 2 of a project on diversity in the teacher pipeline. Part 1's research is entitled “An Analysis of Motivating Factors for Black Men as Aspirant Educators” in the Journal of Equity in Behavioral Health Therapy. There were four motivational factors identified in Part 1 of the project: communication, exposure, resources (testing), and student teaching. Implementation of the motivating factors was Part 2 and funded by the Center for Educational Opportunity. Part 2 explains the significance of the study as the efficacy of children having a teacher with whom they share ethnicity, color, and/or gender. The EPP in the study is harvesting nearly 20% males of color teachers into the pipeline. The four factors were found to be effective. Leaders will appreciate the concise presentation of standards that will work for all new teachers. The current statistics show that males of color constitute only 4.6% of the total teaching force. This study focuses on the solution to address this underrepresentation in the form of four standards ready for implementation by leaders.
The Influence Servant Leadership Has on Emergent Leaders in the Field of Education
Authors: Paradiso-Testa Maria
Published: November 2022

The nature of work has changed drastically. In order to maximize delivery and customize value in the workplace, specifically in education, leaders also need to change. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, there are three main emergent leadership requirements. The first emergent leadership requirement is the ability to motivate people. The second emergent leadership requirement is the ability to work well across cultures and geographical boundaries. The third emergent leadership requirement is the ability to facilitate change. Some of the key characteristics of an effective servant leader include role modelling, collaboration, accountability, and innovation. Effective servant leaders emphasize the importance to embrace and apply new knowledge on both individual and team levels. In addition, effective servant leaders encourage novel approaches and ideas. The world is in desperate need of role models who lead second and serve first.
Deep in the Forest
Authors: Crosby-Weeks Cherie L. , Blake Stephanie Elaine
Published: November 2022

As Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) servant leaders seek to improve equity within their organizations to improve the lives of marginalized students, clients, and community members, these leaders must often weed through a forest of microaggressions, and, over time, they will endure events and responsibilities that will add an additional tax that is often invisible, and which disrupts the work they seek to do as servant leaders. Within this chapter, the authors explore first-hand narratives of servant leaders struggling to ensure equity exists despite being affected by the same barriers that the marginalized people they serve are facing.
Centering Black, Indigenous, People of Color Through Racialized Workplace Conflict Resolution
Authors: Wright Kevin L. , Garnett Faith Danielle , LaVine Matt
Published: November 2022

Conflict is inevitable in the workplace and manifests in different ways. It is a common dysfunction when working in teams. A diversity of thoughts, ideologies, and beliefs always creates a risk of disagreement and misalignment. When examining identity and positionality in the workplace, conflict is usually resolved in favor of those who have identities within the dominant White culture. In light of this common reality, an opportunity is created to examine and determine how conflict can be resolved from an inclusive and equitable approach. This case study is designed to outline the tools and resources the Center for Equity and Inclusion uses with its clients when guiding organizations to resolve conflict, advance equity, and center Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) in the workplace.
Digital Supply Chain Management
Authors: Shaikh Nikita
Published: November 2022

In the current digital era, digital transformations take place within every industry, and they have great impact on the management of the supply chains. Sustainability drives today's digital transformation, and the digital transformation of supply chains is essential for the sustainable viability of firms in the era of Industry 4.0. Many studies have focused on technology for big data analysis and the IoT as technologies to fulfill digital supply chains. Technological innovation is essential to achieve competitive advantages in the digital supply chain. In this rapidly developing digital era, digital transformations take place within every industry, and they have effects on the management of the supply chains.
Sustainable Blockchain Technologies in the Circular Economy
Authors: Khurshid Muzammil , Zahid R. M. Ammar , Rehman Wasim ul
Published: November 2022

This chapter aims to discuss the relationship between sustainable blockchain technology and circular economy. Blockchain and circular economy have brought a revolutionary change in the global economy by making the data transparent and decentralized. The circular economy focuses on recycling, including re-manufacturing, restoration, reprocessing, and reclamation. Blockchain technology plays a potential role in sharing information to overcome fraud by providing quick, fast, timely, and accurate data. Blockchain technology is used in the banking sector, but there is a need to improve it in the banking field. Moreover, it has overcome the food shortage and supply chain issues by tackling the lack of information. Sustainable blockchain technology has brought marvelous and revolutionary changes in the health sector. It has reduced the irregularities, lack of information, costs, and issues in the records of patients. Furthermore, the obstacles in finding the data regarding the land have also been addressed by blockchain technology.
Preschool Children's Use of Tablet at Home and Parents' Views
Authors: Nikolopoulou Kleopatra
Published: November 2022

This chapter investigated young children's use of tablets at home and parents' views on tablet benefits and their concerns. A questionnaire was completed by the parents of 100 children aged 4-6. Young children engage in a range of activities such as playing games (76%), watching cartoons (75%), listening to music (65%), watching videos (60%), and using educational apps (54%). Fewer children look at pictures/photos/books or take pictures, while visiting websites and using email are never carried out by most of the children. Gender and age had an occasional isolated impact on children's tablet activities. 4-5 year olds tend to do tablet activities with an adult, while 5.5-6.5 year olds with siblings or alone. Most parents “agree and strongly agree” that tablets “teach basic technology skills” (85%), “teach foreign languages”, and “can make learning fun”. The parents' main concerns included dependence, reduction of communication, and inappropriate content. Implications regarding links between home and kindergarten are discussed.
Parental Engagement in School and Educational Programmes for Immigrant Learners
Authors: Gachari Regina , Kinuthia Jane , Wambua Brenda
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the dynamics of parental involvement in immigrant learners' education with specific focus on areas of involvement, possible challenges, and strategic ways of mitigation against such challenges. Parental support may take a variety of ways including learning activities at home, family involvement at school, school outreach programs that engage families such as volunteerism and supportive parenting activities. In this endeavor, challenges such as language barrier, culture conflicts, teachers' perceptions of parents and learners, literacy levels of the immigrant parents, curriculum diversities, as well as unavailability of resources are likely to arise. Mitigating strategies explored in this chapter include forums for educators and immigrant parents, training for parents on effective communication and school policies, as well as regular evaluation of parental support programs. This information is critical for educators and policy makers since it illuminates factors affecting the partnerships between schools and home environments for immigrant learners.
COVID-19 Virtual Dilemma
Authors: Williams Mills Julie J. , Quast Julie A. , Fields Melanie
Published: November 2022

This qualitative study explored the parental support of K-12 students with mathematics during the COVID-19 pandemic. A digital, open-ended survey was completed by parents or caregivers to examine the role they played in their student's school day with a specific focus on the challenges and successes of mathematics learning. The survey was administered after six to eight weeks of remote instruction with at least four weeks of remote instruction remaining. Parents supported learning by teaching, facilitating, promoting independence, and providing resources. Parents mentioned several challenges and some successes during at home mathematics learning. Challenges included student motivation, lack of tools, gaps in learning, and technology access. While some parents reported no successes, others mentioned completing work, reviewing and mastering concepts, and building confidence.
Parental Involvement in EFL Learning With Preprimary Children
Authors: Estrada Chichón José Luis
Published: November 2022

A lockdown occurred in Spain in 2019-20 arising from COVID-19. This implied an adaptation from face-to-face to virtual teaching. Parents had to cope with their children's needs as for many learning areas (e.g., foreign languages). Taking into consideration children's English as a foreign language (EFL) learning, this work examines parents' (n=80) involvement by determining their familiarity with EFL, finding out whether they use tools for that purpose, and identifying their preferences about the features video tutorials should have. This is an exploratory mixed-methods research in which data were collected through a questionnaire. The results reveal that parents have a lower intermediate level of EFL and use it infrequently; they prefer videos to other tools like books, for example, and they opt for the features of video tutorials to be aesthetically appealing to kids and not related directly to language acquisition. So, parents do not get much involved in their children's EFL by using technological tools. Moreover, they have little knowledge of EFL and early language acquisition.
RBHE em tempos de celebração, perplexidades e retrocessos
Authors: Vieira Carlos Eduardo , Galak Eduardo Lautaro , Gondra José Gonçalves , Medeiros Neta Olívia Morais de , Campos Raquel Discini de
Published: November 2022

O ano em que se comemora o Bicentenário da Independência do Brasil pode ser tomado como um marcador importante para se pensar inúmeras iniciativas voltadas para a construção da nação. Uma delas se refere precisamente ao mundo dos impressos, o que também ajuda a nos afastar e problematizar a historiografia que reduz o complexo processo da emancipação do Brasil a uma cena, um homem, uma data e um enunciado imperativo. Como se sabe, a partir da transferência e necessidade da Corte portuguesa de se comunicar com os súditos, diversos e distribuídos desigualmente no vasto território do Brasil, D. João VI autorizou a criação da Impressão Régia.

A primeira tipografia brasileira publicou alguns livros e decretos até que, em 10 de setembro de 1808, lançou a Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, considerada a primeira publicação impressa seriada realizada no Brasil. Depois, outras tipografias foram instaladas em outras regiões e, paulatinamente, o Brasil foi ingressando naquilo que Anderson (2008) designou de "capitalismo tipográfico". A partir de então, é possível observar, efetivamente, a proliferação da publicação de panfletos, jornais, revistas, relatórios, anuários e livros. Essa produção impressa variava tanto em termos de conteúdo, projeto editorial, formatos e destinatários. É igualmente possível observar que os responsáveis, isto é, os editores também apresentavam (e apresentam) pertencimentos os mais diversos; o que reforça a percepção do caráter estratégico da palavra impressa e das disputas no campo da comunicação social, da construção da opinião pública, mais ou menos especializada/especializante, pela ação de selecionar, priorizar e disseminar alguns acontecimentos sociais, de modos bem determinados, a ponto de ser considerada o “quarto poder”, confirmando a máxima da inexistência de poder sem imprensa e de imprensa sem poder.
Spatial variability of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a province in the Brazilian Rainforest: An ecological study
Authors: Quadros Santos Marcus Matheus , Gomes do Carmo Bianca Alessandra , Barbosa Rodrigues Taymara , Leite Dias Bruna Rafaela , Abreu Martins Cleyton , Oliveira Naiff Ferreira Glenda Roberta , Tavares Parente Andressa , Yollete Urbano Pauxis Aben-Atha Cíntia , Isse Polaro Sandra Helena , Pinheiro Botelho Eliã
Published: November 2022

The mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a serious public health problem in the Brazilian Rainforest. This study aimed to spatially analyze this type of infection between 2007 and 2018 in Pará, which is the second-largest Brazilian state in the Brazilian Rainforest and also has the highest MTCT of HIV in Brazil. We analyzed the incidence rates of HIV (including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by MTCT as the main route of infection in children younger than 13 years old and whose mothers live in Pará. We employed spatial autocorrelation, spatial scanning, and geographic-weighted spatial regression techniques. In the period of this study, 389 new HIV/AIDS were noted, with territorial expansion of the incidence rates in the municipalities in northern and southern Pará having the highest rates. São Francisco do Pará had high spatial risk and high-spatiotemporal risk clusters comprising municipalities in western and south-western Pará between 2013 and 2016. The spatial variability of HIV/AIDS incidence rates was found to be common in the number of men and women with formal jobs; unemployed ≥18 years old people; elementary school pupils; and families enrolled in the “Single Registry for Social Programs”. The social equity approach in Pará guarantee pregnant women access to preventive, diagnostic and treatment health services and their children should be supported to eliminate the MTCT of HIV in Pará.
Immunity to poliovirus in Afghanistan: A household sampling method for serological assessment based on geographical information systems
Authors: Mendes Amalia , Whiteman Ari , Nygren Benjamin , Kaplan Brian , Hussain Imtiaz , Soofi Sajid , Martinez Maureen , Farag Noha H.
Published: November 2022

Afghanistan continues to experience challenges affecting polio eradication. Mass polio vaccination campaigns, which aim to protect children under the age of 5, are a key eradication strategy. To date, the polio program in Afghanistan has only employed facility-based seroprevalence surveys, which can be subject to sampling bias. We describe the feasibility in implementing a cross-sectional household poliovirus seroprevalence survey based on geographical information systems (GIS) in three districts. Digital maps with randomly selected predetermined starting points were provided to teams, with a total target of 1,632 households. Teams were instructed to navigate to predetermined starting points and enrol the closest household within 60 m. To assess effectiveness of these methods, we calculated percentages for total households enrolled with valid geocoordinates collected within the designated boundary, and whether the Euclidean distance of households were within 60 m of a predetermined starting point. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) image ratio was conducted to further investigate variability in team performances. The study enrolled a total of 78% of the target sample with 52% of all households within 60 m of a pre-selected point and 79% within the designated cluster boundary. Success varied considerably between the four target areas ranging from 42% enrolment of the target sample in one place to 90% enrolment of the target sample in another. Interviews with the field teams revealed that differences in security status and amount of non-residential land cover were key barriers to higher enrolment rates. Our findings indicate household poliovirus seroprevalence surveys using GIS-based sampling can be effectively implemented in polio endemic countries to capture representative samples. We also proposed ways to achieve higher success rates if these methods are to be used in the future, particularly in areas with concerns of insecurity or spatially dispersed residential units.
Impact of the presence of private hospitals on the spatial equality of healthcare accessibility in Beijing, China
Authors: Dai Teqi , Guo Kaifei , Zhao Juanjuan , Lu Wenqing
Published: November 2022

Providing equal geographical access to hospitals, either in the public or private healthcare sector, is vital and will benefit public health in general. Against the background of the partial privatization of the healthcare sector, the impact of private hospitals on equal healthcare access has been a highly neglected issue. We have applied an assessment methodology to study this situation by comparing the status quo scenario with one without private hospitals, based on accessibility analysis and spatial equality measurements. The case study of Beijing, China revealed a double-sided impact. With the presence of private hospitals, the Gini coefficient of spatial accessibility in urban districts was reduced from 0.03391 to 0.03211, while it increased from 0.1734 to 0.1914 in suburban districts. Thus, private hospitals improved spatial equality in urban districts in Beijing but jeopardized it in suburban districts. These research findings should enlighten policymakers to promote healthcare equality but would also need to be repeated in some other big cities.
Does the Geohealth domain require a body of knowledge?
Authors: Augustijn-Beckers Ellen-Wien , Amer Sherif , Lemmens Rob , Bergquist Robert
Published: November 2022

To answer the question if the Geohealth domain requires a body of knowledge (BoK), we need a general understanding of concepts associated with this field. Two years ago, the United Nation (UN) committee of experts on global geospatial information management identified “semantic- and ontology-linked data” as something that “will become essential to support the next generation of autonomous systems” (UN-GGIM, 2020). The term ontology is closely related to BoK. Unlike data models, ontologies are independent of application; they are generic, can be used in different ways and have clear advantages but they are challenging to create and even more difficult to maintain.
The brief description below summarizes what ontologies are, why they are needed to support linked data, what the role of the semantic web is, what is already going on within the Geohealth domain on ontologies and how a BoK can assist.