bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binding of carboxylatopillar[5]arene with alkyl and aryl ammonium salts in aqueous medium
Authors: Dasgupta Suvankar , Chowdhury Aniket , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: September 2015

Alkyl ammonium salts exhibited strong binding with carboxylatopillar[5]arene in aqueous medium which resulted in the formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane and pseudo[3]rotaxane species.
High pressure Raman spectroscopy investigation on acetonitrile and acetonitrile–water mixture
Authors: Chen Chen , Huang Xiaoli , Lu Dongxiao , Huang Yanping , Han Bo , Zhou Qiang , Li Fangfei , Cui Tian
Published: September 2015

High-pressure Raman scattering studies on pure acetonitrile and an acetonitrile–water mixture at a molar ratio of (nCH3CN : nH2O) 1 : 7.25 were performed in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature.
Compatibilizing action and localization of clay in a polypropylene/natural rubber (PP/NR) blend
Authors: Chandran Nithin , Chandran Sarath , Maria Hanna J. , Thomas Sabu
Published: September 2015

The compatibilizing action of clay in polypropylene (PP)/natural rubber (NR) blends and its effect on mechanical properties have been investigated.
A new NbO type metal–organic framework for high acetylene and methane storage
Authors: Duan Xing , Wang Huizhen , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Yu , Wang Zhiyu , Chen Banglin , Qian Guodong
Published: September 2015

A novel NbO-type metal–organic framework (ZJU-9) has been designed and synthesized, exhibiting high acetylene and methane storage capacity at room temperature.
Ethers as hydrogen sources in BF3·OEt2 promoted reduction of diphenylmethyl alcohols, ethers and esters to hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Liu Qing , Shen Hang , Huang Ruofeng , Zhang Xiaohui , Xiong Yan , Chen Changguo
Published: September 2015

A novel ether/BF3 reductive system is effective for the reduction of diphenylmethanols and their ether and ester derivatives into hydrocarbons.
Synthesis of a new highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent iridium(iii) probe and its application for the highly selective detection of glutathione
Authors: Chen Hailang , Bao Xiaofeng , Li Feng , Zhou Baojing , Ye Renlong , Zhu Jing
Published: September 2015

A new near-IR fluorescent probe (probe 1) based on the IR 780 skeleton exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards Ir(iii) in an EtOH/H2O solution. The probe 1–Ir(iii) complex was also used for the highly selective detection of glutathione.
A form-stable phase change material made with a cellulose acetate nanofibrous mat from bicomponent electrospinning and incorporated capric–myristic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture for thermal energy storage/retrieval
Authors: Cai Yibing , Liu Mengmeng , Song Xiaofei , Zhang Jin , Wei Qufu , Zhang Lifeng
Published: September 2015

An innovative type of form-stable PCM was prepared by incorporating CMS ternary eutectic mixture with CA nanofibers that was derived from electrospinning of binary mixture of CA/PVP and subsequent selective dissolution of PVP from bicomponent mat.
Formation of nano-structured core–shell micro-granules by evaporation induced assembly
Authors: Das Avik , Sen D. , Mazumder S. , Ghosh A. K. , Basak C. B. , Dasgupta K.
Published: September 2015

Nano-structured spherical micro-granules of core–shell morphology have been realized by utilizing the contrasting interfacial interaction of two different types of nano-particles with liquid solvent.
Visible-light responsive electrospun nanofibers based on polyacrylonitrile-dispersed graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Xu Tiefeng , Wu Fei , Gu Yan , Chen Yi , Cai Jinting , Lu Wangyang , Hu Hongguang , Zhu Zhexin , Chen Wenxing
Published: September 2015

A visible-light responsive photocatalyst, polyacrylonitrile-dispersed graphitic carbon nitride nanofibers (g-C3N4/PAN nanofibers), was synthesized by electrospinning.
ZrO2nanoparticles as a reusable solid dual acid–base catalyst for facile one-pot synthesis of multi-functionalized spirooxindole derivatives under solvent free condition
Authors: Bodhak Chandan , Kundu Ashis , Pramanik Animesh
Published: September 2015

A two-step one-pot protocol for the facile synthesis of biologically important spirooxindole derivatives such as spiro[4H-pyran-3,3′-oxindoles] and spiro[indoline-3,4′(1H′)-pyrano-[2,3-c]pyrazol-2-ones has been developed.
Polyaniline/CaCu3Ti4O12 nanofiber composite with a synergistic effect on visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Kushwaha H. S. , Thomas P. , Vaish Rahul
Published: September 2015

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)–polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites with different ratios of PANI/CCTO were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization and were shown to be active photocatalysts under irradiation with visible light.
Poly(ionic liquid) binders as Li+ conducting mediators for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Lee Jung-Soo , Sakaushi Ken , Antonietti Markus , Yuan Jiayin
Published: September 2015

A series of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) were used as binders for lithium-ion battery (LIB) with a LiFePO4 cathode to explore their role and benefits in a model electrochemical energy storage system.
Electrochemical capacitance of a carbon quantum dots–polypyrrole/titania nanotube hybrid
Authors: Xie Yibing , Du Hongxiu
Published: September 2015

Carbon quantum dots modified polypyrrole/titania (CQDs–PPy/TiO2) nanotube hybrid was designed as supercapacitor electrode material and showed higher capacitive performance than PPy/TiO2.
Synthesis and highly enhanced acetylene sensing properties of Au nanoparticle-decorated hexagonal ZnO nanorings
Authors: Li Chao , Lin Ying , Li Feng , Zhu Linghui , Meng Fanxu , Sun Dongming , Zhou Jingran , Ruan Shengping
Published: September 2015

Au nanoparticles with a size of 3–10 nm were decorated discretely on the surface of ZnO nanorings with the porous Au–ZnO nanorings showing highly enhanced acetylene-sensing properties.
Synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheet/Au@Ag nanoparticle hybrids as SERS probes for cancer cell diagnostics
Authors: Wang Jianping , Liu Renyong , Zhang Cheng , Han Guangmei , Zhao Jun , Liu Bianhua , Jiang Changlong , Zhang Zhongping
Published: September 2015

A SERS-active detection platform based on ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheet/Au@AgNP hybrids (g-C3N4/Au@AgNPs) was developed for ultrasensitive Raman signal readout and cancer cell diagnostics.
A novel colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide imaging in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Ke , Chen Dan , Mao Yibo , Gu Yueqing
Published: September 2015

A novel NIR fluorescent probe (DCM-B2) based on dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran was synthesized for the detection of H2O2.
Heterojunction photoanodes for solar water splitting using chemical-bath-deposited In2O3 micro-cubes and electro-sprayed Bi2WO6 textured nanopillars
Authors: Joshi Bhavana , Yoon Hyun , Kim Hayong , Kim Min-woo , Mali Mukund G. , Al-Deyab Salem S. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: September 2015

In2O3 micro-cubes were fabricated via chemical bath deposition on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, over which highly textured Bi2WO6 nanopillars were grown via a diffusion-and-aggregation phenomenon by electrostatic spraying deposition.
Exploiting novel process windows for the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Momo Patrícia B. , Bellete Barbara S. , Brocksom Timothy J. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , de Oliveira Kleber T.
Published: September 2015

Porphyrin synthesis by classical methods frequently involves harsh conditions yielding products with poor scalability. Herein, a continuous flow approach is described, thus demonstrating a scaled-up procedure in a safe and highly pure manner.
Direct metal-free synthesis of diarylamines from 2-nitropropane via the twofold C–H functionalization of arenes
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Orazova Naila A. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Rubin Michael
Published: September 2015

Synthesis of symmetric diarylamines via a twofold intermolecular electrophilic C–H functionalization of electron-rich arenes by umpolung-activated nitroalkane in polyphosphoric acid is demonstrated.
Construction of heterostructured TiO2/InVO4/RGO microspheres with dual-channels for photo-generated charge separation
Authors: Lin Xue , Xu Da , Lin Zhe , Jiang Shanshan , Chang Limin
Published: September 2015

Heterostructured TiO2/InVO4/RGO microspheres were successfully synthesized. TiO2/InVO4/RGO microspheres exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Selective reduction of nitro-compounds to primary amines by nickel-catalyzed hydrosilylative reduction
Authors: Sun Shuai , Quan Zhengjun , Wang Xicun
Published: September 2015

The tolerances of many functional groups, e.g. aryl-chloride, aryl-bromide, alkene, alkynyl, ester, ether, oxhydryl, carboxylic acid, cyano group, nitrine, carbonyl, acyl, thioether and some heterocycles, were studied with unprecedentedly high chemoselectivity.
Synthesis of 2,2′-biimidazole-based platinum(ii) polymetallaynes and tuning their fluorescent response behaviors to Cu2+ ions through optimizing the configuration of the organic spacers and steric effect
Authors: Zhang Huiming , Yan Xiaogang , Zhao Jiang , Yang Xiaolong , Huang Zuan , Zhou Guijiang , Wu Yong
Published: September 2015

Novel platinum(ii) polymetallaynes based on 2,2′-biimidazole (see figure) were developed to tune their fluorescent response behaviors to Cu2+ ions by optimizing the configuration of the organic spacers and steric effects.
Metal free visible light driven oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl derivatives using 3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pytz) as catalyst
Authors: Samanta Suvendu , Biswas Papu
Published: September 2015

A metal-free transformation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyls in high yields under visible-light irradiation has been achieved at room temperature using di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (pytz) as catalyst.
Isocyanide substitution reactions at the trans labile sites of an iron(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene complex
Authors: Haslinger S. , Lindhorst A. C. , Kück J. W. , Cokoja M. , Pöthig A. , Kühn F. E.
Published: September 2015

A variety of isocyanide-substituted Fe(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes has been synthesized, starting from an Fe(ii) NHC complex with an equatorial, tetradentate bis(pyridyl-NHC) ligand (NCCN).
A nanoporous MgO based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for rapid screening of hydrogen peroxide in milk
Authors: Dong Xiu-xiu , Li Mei-ying , Feng Nan-nan , Sun Yuan-ming , Yang Chi , Xu Zhen-lin
Published: September 2015

In this work, a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on nanoporous magnesium oxide (MgO) was developed for the rapid screening of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in milk.
Photochemical synthesis of doped graphene quantum dots and their photoluminescence in aqueous and solid states
Authors: Tan Dezhi , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: September 2015

A facile photochemical approach to prepare nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) has been presented.
Unexpected efficiency enhancement of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by repeated outward bending
Authors: He Xue-Long , Liu Mei , Yang Guan-Jun , Fang Baizeng , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: September 2015

Repeated outward bending results in enhanced particle–particle connection, reduced electron transport resistance, and hence improved efficiency of flexible DSC.
Distinct impacts of substrate elasticity and ligand affinity on traction force evolution
Authors: Müller Christina , Pompe Tilo
Published: September 2015

Elastic and viscous substrate properties distinctively determine traction force evolution in early and late stages of the initial cell adhesion process.
Assessment of micro-polarity anisotropy as a function of surfactant packing in sodium dodecyl sulphonate–hexane reverse micelles
Authors: Peng Xin , Yuan Xing-Zhong , Somasundaran P. , Patra Partha
Published: September 2015

The micro-polarity anisotropy behaviour across the aqueous phase of a SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphonate)–hexane reverse micelle (RM) relies on the SDS packing in the oil–water interfacial self-assembled surfactant structure of the RM.
Benchmarking density functional theory predictions of framework structures and properties in a chemically diverse test set of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Nazarian Dalar , Ganesh P. , Sholl David S.
Published: September 2015

Developed a robust test set of MOF materials and systematically benchmarked their properties with a broad range of DFT calculations.
Hybrid layer-by-layer composites based on a conducting polyelectrolyte and Fe3O4nanostructures grafted onto graphene for supercapacitor application
Authors: Pardieu Elodie , Pronkin Sergey , Dolci Mathias , Dintzer Thierry , Pichon Benoit P. , Begin Dominique , Pham-Huu Cuong , Schaaf Pierre , Begin-Colin Sylvie , Boulmedais Fouzia
Published: September 2015

Iron oxide raspberry grafted onto graphene/PEDOT:PSS layer-by-layer has been designed for supercapacitors.
Improved electrochemical performance of Na0.67MnO2 through Ni and Mg substitution
Authors: Hemalatha K. , Jayakumar M. , Bera Parthasarathi , Prakash A. S.
Published: September 2015

Improved electrochemical performance of Na0.67MnO2 through Ni and Mg substitution.
An electron beam evaporated TiO2layer for high efficiency planar perovskite solar cells on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates
Authors: Qiu Weiming , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Gehlhaar Robert , Smirnov Vladimir , Boyen Hans-Gerd , Tait Jeffrey G. , Conings Bert , Zhang Weimin , Nielsen Christian B. , McCulloch Iain , Froyen Ludo , Heremans Paul , Cheyns David
Published: September 2015

TiO2layer made by e-beam induced evaporation is demonstrated as an ETL in high efficiency planar junction perovskite solar cells.
An ultra hydrophilic dendrimer-modified magnetic graphene with a polydopamine coating for the selective enrichment of glycopeptides
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Jiaxi , Gao Mingxia , Zhang Xiangmin
Published: September 2015

A novel ultra hydrophilic dendrimer-modified magnetic graphene@polydopamine@poly(amidoamine) (magG@PDA@PAMAM) was synthesized for the efficient and selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides.
A cell-based microarray to investigate combinatorial effects of microparticle-encapsulated adjuvants on dendritic cell activation
Authors: Acharya Abhinav P. , Carstens Matthew R. , Lewis Jamal S. , Dolgova Natalia , Xia C. Q. , Clare-Salzler Michael J. , Keselowsky Benjamin G.
Published: September 2015

Experimental vaccine adjuvants are being designed to target specific toll-like receptors (TLRs) alone or in combination, expressed by antigen presenting cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs).
Formation of iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded γ-polyglutamic acid nanogels for MR imaging of tumors
Authors: Zhu Jianzhi , Peng Chen , Sun Wenjie , Yu Zhibo , Zhou Benqing , Li Du , Luo Yu , Ding Ling , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: September 2015

Iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded γ-polyglutamic acid nanogels can be formed through a facile double emulsion approach for MR imaging of tumors.
Highly sensitive, temperature-dependent gas sensor based on hierarchical ZnO nanorod arrays
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Sun Fazhe , Duan Yongqing , Yin Zhouping , Luo Wei , Huang YongAn , Chen Jiankui
Published: September 2015

The hierarchical ZnO-NAs sensor shows highly sensitive, repeatable on–off cycles and temperature dependent response to NO2. The optimal process parameters of the MES-CHSM are presented to achieve optimal morphology, enlarge gas response and measuring range.
In vivo and in situ measurement and modelling of intra‐body effective complex permittivity
Authors: Nadimi Esmaeil S. , Blanes‐Vidal Victoria , Harslund Jakob L.F. , Ramezani Mohammad H. , Kjeldsen Jens , Johansen Per Michael , Thiel David , Tarokh Vahid
Published: September 2015

Radio frequency tracking of medical micro‐robots in minimally invasive medicine is usually investigated upon the assumption that the human body is a homogeneous propagation medium. In this Letter, the authors conducted various trial programs to measure and model the effective complex permittivity ε in terms of refraction ε′, absorption ε″ and their variations in gastrointestinal (GI) tract organs (i.e. oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine) and the porcine abdominal wall under in vivo and in situ conditions. They further investigated the effects of irregular and unsynchronised contractions and simulated peristaltic movements of the GI tract organs inside the abdominal cavity and in the presence of the abdominal wall on the measurements and variations of ε′ and ε′′. They advanced the previous models of effective complex permittivity of a multilayer inhomogeneous medium, by estimating an analytical model that accounts for reflections between the layers and calculates the attenuation that the wave encounters as it traverses the GI tract and the abdominal wall. They observed that deviation from the specified nominal layer thicknesses due to non‐geometric boundaries of GI tract morphometric variables has an impact on the performance of the authors’ model. Therefore, they derived statistical‐based models for ε′ and ε′′ using their experimental measurements.
Recognition and assessment of different factors which affect flicker in wind turbines
Authors: Fooladi Milad , Akbari Foroud Asghar
Published: September 2015

Similar to other distributed generation sources, wind turbines cause power quality disturbances (PQDs) issues in power systems. One of the most important PQDs that has bad effects on sensitive loads is flicker. In this study, an algorithm is presented for assessment and recognition of different factors causing flicker of wind turbines. Some aerodynamic factors (wind shear and tower shadow) and some mechanical factors (blade pitching errors, gearbox tooth crash and turbine blade break down) are modelled using fixed speed wind turbines. Then, wavelet transform and S‐transform are used to extract some dominant features voltage. Then, in order to avoid large dimension of feature vector, Relieff feature selection method is applied to extracted features. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used to classify above‐mentioned factors. The only adjusted parameter of the PNN classifier is determined by using the particle swarm optimisation technique. Moreover, the short‐term severity of flicker (Pst) is calculated for each type of fault as extra features to increase the severability of extracted features. Results show that the classifier can detect different causes of flicker event with high detection accuracy.
Doppler Audio Signal Analysis as an Additional Tool in Evaluation of Umbilical Artery Circulation
Authors: Thuring Ann , Källén Karin , Brännström K. , Jansson Tomas , Maršál Karel
Published: September 2015

Purpose To investigate the predictive capacity of a new method for sound spectrum analysis of Doppler signals recorded from the umbilical artery in high-risk pregnancies.

Material and Methods The retrospective study comprised 127 pregnant women with various pregnancy complications between 23 and 39 gestational weeks. Umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveforms were recorded with Doppler ultrasound and characterized by pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow class (BFC). Doppler audio signals were stored on a digital video recorder and the sound frequency at the energy level 15 dB below its peak (MAXpeak-15 dB) was estimated off-line. The prediction of probability for composite adverse pregnancy outcome (operative delivery for fetal distress, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, perinatal death) was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.

Results With increasing umbilical artery BFC, the MAXpeak-15 dB frequencies decreased (p < 0.0001) and the PI increased (p < 0.0001). The ROC AUCs for adverse outcome for MAXpeak-15 dB and for PI were 0.842 and 0.836 (p = 0.88), respectively. For the combination of MAXpeak-15 dB and PI, the corresponding AUC was 0.894, significantly higher than that of PI (p < 0.03) and of MAXpeak-15 dB (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Umbilical artery Doppler sound spectrum analysis might be a useful supplement to PI in the clinical evaluation of fetoplacental circulation.
Label-Free and Sensitive Detection of BRCA1 and TB4 DNA Sequences with Water-Soluble Cationic Polythiophenes
Authors: Zhou Shaohong , Ling Huanhuan , Ma Yun , Zhou Yan , Du Wenqi , Cui Meifang , Xia Yong , Yan Liqiang , Yao Hongtao , Qi Zhengjian
Published: September 2015

A sensitive method for BRCA1 and TB4 DNA sequences detection using water-soluble cationic polythiophenes, poly(3-(1′-ethoxy-2′-N-methyl imidazole)thiophene) (PT) is presented. The fluorescence of PT could be dramatically quenched by the addition of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA; TB4 and BRCA1 sequences). The KSV (Stern–Volmer constant) for TB4 and BRCA1 DNA sequences are 1.46 × 108 and 3.28 × 108 M–1 respectively, and the limits of detection of these two sequences are 1.26 × 10–10 and 0.483 × 10–10 M respectively. The fluorescence of PT would recover to its initial intensity after the addition of complementary ssDNA, whereas sequences with one to three mismatched bases would not. The influences of buffer pH and concentration of NaCl were also investigated systemically in order to further improve the sensitivity. This assay can be completed in a short period of time without any further procedure. Hence, this sensitive, cost-effective, and rapid detection method for BRCA1 and TB4 DNA sequences may contribute to the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer gene mutations in the future.
Discovery and characterisation of novel asexual Epichloë endophytes from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Kaur Jatinder , Ekanayake Piyumi N. , Tian Pei , van Zijll de Jong Eline , Dobrowolski Mark P. , Rochfort Simone J. , Mann Ross C. , Smith Kevin F. , Forster John W. , Guthridge Kathryn M. , Spangenberg German C.
Published: September 2015

Asexual fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë form mutually beneficial associations with cool-season pasture grasses such as ryegrasses (Lolium spp.). Alkaloid production by the fungus confers both beneficial (deterrence of invertebrate herbivory) and detrimental (toxicity to mammalian livestock) attributes. A few novel strains with desirable metabolite profiles have been advanced into commercial production by inoculation of perennial ryegrass cultivars. In the present study, an integrated process for discovery of novel endophytes based on exploitation of genotypic information has been designed and implemented. A survey of genetic diversity was performed on a large-scale, customised germplasm collection (containing 244 accessions) in order to identify previously uncharacterised endophyte genotypes. Preliminary qualitative metabolic profiling in the endogenous genetic background permitted elimination of undesirable combinations, and definition of a subset of priority candidates. A novel method was developed for inoculation of endophytes into meristem-culture-derived callus tissue of single genotypes from multiple perennial ryegrass cultivars, in order to allow isogenic comparisons with respect to both host and endophyte genotype. Beneficial toxin profiles were confirmed for associations formed with the grass genotypic panel, and semi-quantitative metabolite analysis provided evidence for genotype-specific effects of both host and genotype on levels of alkaloid production. Vegetative stability was also assessed over both shorter and longer terms. A final set of three prioritised candidates was obtained, two of which (belonging to the known taxa E. festucae var. lolii and LpTG-2) produce the alkaloids ergovaline and peramine. The third candidate endophyte, belonging to a putative novel taxon, solely produces representatives of an additional alkaloid class, the epoxy-janthitrems.
Karrabina gen. nov. (Cunoniaceae), for the Australian species previously placed in Geissois, and a synopsis of genera in the tribe Geissoieae
Authors: Hopkins H. C. F. , Rozefelds A. C. , Pillon Y.
Published: September 2015

Comparison of the four species groups comprising the tribe Geissoieae (Lamanonia in South America, Geissois sensu stricto from islands in the south-western Pacific, and Pseudoweinmannia and Geissois in Australia) showed differences in the stipules, inflorescences and flowers. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that Geissois sensu lato is paraphyletic, with Australian Geissois being closer to Pseudoweinmannia than to New Caledonian Geissois. The name Karrabina is published to accommodate the Australian species formerly placed in Geissois, namely K. benthamiana Rozefelds & H.C.Hopkins and K. biagiana Rozefelds & H.C.Hopkins. Distinguishing characters for Karrabina are: four lateral stipules per node that vary from free to largely fused between and sometimes across the petioles; inflorescences with a variable number of metamers and racemes, with both median and lateral modules that always lack a median raceme; and pale flowers with five or six calyx lobes and shortly exserted stamens. Geissois s.s. differs in having: two intrapetiolar stipules per node; inflorescences consisting of few metamers and few racemes, with the modules being always lateral and possessing a median raceme; flowers with four red calyx lobes and prominently exserted stamens. The generic limits of Lamanonia and Pseudoweinmannia remain unchanged.
Reciprocal monophyly of Craspedia and Pycnosorus (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) and the problems of using ribosomal DNA at the lowest taxonomic levels
Authors: Schmidt-Lebuhn Alexander N.
Published: September 2015

The reciprocal monophyly of Craspedia and Pycnosorus (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is tested, with a phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal and chloroplast DNA. Although one species of the latter genus was not sampled, the results of the present study indicated that it is most likely monophyletic as opposed to paraphyletic with respect to Craspedia. Within Craspedia, deeper sampling results in the appearance of several species (C. aurantia, C. coolaminica, C. glabrata and C. variabilis) in both major Australian rDNA clades, indicating that the available molecular phylogenies have to be considered gene trees instead of species phylogenies. Additional studies using more independent loci and species-tree approaches are needed to resolve species relationships in the genus.
Texture effects on carbon stabilisation and storage in New Zealand soils containing predominantly 2 : 1 clays
Authors: Curtin Denis , Beare Michael H. , Qiu Weiwen
Published: September 2015

Developing strategies to sequester carbon (C) in soils requires an understanding of the key factors that influence C stabilisation. Although fine mineral particles, especially clay, play a key role in stabilising soil organic matter (SOM), the relationship between SOM and texture is often not strong. We examined the role of the fine mineral fraction in C storage in sedimentary soils in New Zealand. Soils, representing two soil Orders (Brown and Recent) and different land use histories (total of 58 soils; 0–15 cm depth) were sampled. The concentration of C (and N) in four particle size fractions (<5, 5–20, 20–50, >50 µm) was determined (soils fractionated after dispersion by sonication). The soils had a wide range of textures and SOM; the mass proportion of clay (<5 µm) ranged from 10 to 60 g 100 g–1 and soil C from 16 to 45 g kg–1. Across both soil Orders and all land uses (dairy, sheep or beef, arable and vegetable cropping), the majority of soil C (57 to 66%) was stored in the clay fraction. However, there was no correlation (R2 = 0.02; P > 0.05) between the C concentration in whole soil and clay content. The concentration of C in the clay fraction, which varied over a wide range (35 to 135 g kg–1 clay), decreased as the mass proportion of clay increased. A similar trend in C concentration was observed for the fine (5–20 µm) silt fraction. Because of this inverse relationship between the mass of the fine fractions and their C concentration, there was little change in amount of stable C (defined as C in the <20 µm fraction) as the mass proportion of fine (<20 µm) particles increased. Differences in pyrophosphate extractable aluminium explained part of the variability in C concentration in the fine fractions; however, we were unable to identify any specific physico-chemical factor that would account for the relatively low C concentrations observed in the <5 and 5–20 µm fractions of fine-textured soils. We concluded that such soils may be under-saturated and potential may exist to store additional stable C.
CD8 T-cell recognition of acquired alloantigen promotes acute allograft rejection
Authors: Harper Simon J. F. , Ali Jason M. , Wlodek Elizabeth , Negus Marg C. , Harper Ines G. , Chhabra Manu , Qureshi M. Saeed , Mallik Mekhola , Bolton Eleanor , Bradley J. Andrew , Pettigrew Gavin J.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses against mismatched MHC class I alloantigen are the principal arm of the cellular response against a transplanted organ. How CD4 T cells deliver essential help for development of these cytotoxic responses remains unclear. Here we show that recipient dendritic cells present acquired MHC alloantigen both as intact protein, for recognition by cytotoxic CD8 T cells, and as processed allopeptide, for recognition by helper CD4 T cells. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which help is provided for generating effector cytotoxic CD8 T-cell alloresponses at late time points after transplantation and solve a long-standing conundrum as to why host lymphoid tissue is required for CD8 T-cell allorecognition of graft parenchymal cells.
Requirement of full TCR repertoire for regulatory T cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Nishio Junko , Baba Minato , Atarashi Koji , Tanoue Takeshi , Negishi Hideo , Yanai Hideyuki , Habu Sonoko , Hori Shohei , Honda Kenya , Taniguchi Tadatsugu
Published: September 2015

Significance

In mammals, both T and B lymphocytes possess a large repertoire of antigen receptors. Although this repertoire is critical for coping with potentially any foreign antigen the immune system encounters, it may also be critical to maintain peripheral tolerance by a subset of T cells, termed regulatory T cells. Using mutant mice expressing a restricted T-cell receptor repertoire, we show that the development of spontaneous colitis, a T-helper type 17 cell-mediated inflammation driven by gut microbiota, is accompanied by a paucity of peripherally derived regulatory T cells and hyperactivation of migratory dendritic cells. Our study reveals a new facet of the full T-cell receptor repertoire requirement in intestinal homeostasis.
Quantified abundance of magnetofossils at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary from synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy
Authors: Wang Huapei , Wang Jun , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen , Kent Dennis V.
Published: September 2015

Significance

The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is an abrupt global warming event that occurred at about 55.8 Ma and is closely linked to a large carbon isotope excursion. What caused the PETM is unresolved. An unusual abundance of single-domain magnetite particles in PETM sediments on the Atlantic Coastal Plain might represent condensates from a comet impact. Alternatively, the magnetic nanoparticles may be of biogenic origin. We are now able to quantify the concentration of those magnetic grains that are distinctly of biogenic origin using synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy. These and related findings allow us to exclude magnetofossils as a significant source of magnetization of the PETM sediments and point to an impact condensate origin of the magnetite particles.
In competition with ISI: the perceptions of chief editors of Malaysian local journals
Authors: BODAGHI Nahid Bayat , SANNI S.A. , ZAINAB A.N.
Published: September 2015

Universities have had to develop new strategies to raise their profile in the international marketplace. In Malaysia, as in many other nations, publication in ISI‐ranked journals is a crucial factor. This focus is causing a strain on national journals that suffer from a lack of content, institutional support, and national recognition. This paper presents data about Malaysian journal publishing and the study questioned editors in chief of Malaysian journals to obtain opinions of the problems they encounter and possible solutions. Data were collected through interviews. The participants in the study highlighted four main issues that resulted in a weak publishing environment: institutional reputation building (academic reputation), researcher prestige/image building, lack of focus on local journal issues by legislators, and a weak publishing culture. The article concludes that the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education should pay attention to national initiatives in countries such as India and Australia that recognize national journals and reward researchers for publishing in them.
Book editors in the social sciences and humanities: an analysis of publication and collaboration patterns of established researchers in Flanders
Authors: OSSENBLOK Truyken L.B. , GUNS Raf , THELWALL Mike
Published: September 2015

Book editors in the social sciences and humanities play an important role in their fields but little is known about their typical publication and collaboration patterns. To partially fill this gap, we compare Flemish editors and other researchers, in terms of career stage, productivity, publication types, publications with domestic and international collaboration as well as the number of (international or all) unique co‐authors, co‐editors and associated book chapter authors. The results show that editors are mostly established researchers, especially in the social sciences, produce more book chapters and monographs than do other researchers, and are more productive. Nevertheless, editors collaborate less than do other researchers, both in terms of publications and in number of co‐authors. Including book chapter authors in the editors' collaboration networks makes those networks substantially larger, demonstrating that editors do not mainly call upon authors from their existing collaboration network when choosing book chapter authors in the edited books. Finally, editors seem to co‐author with their book chapter authors slightly more often after the publication of the edited book than before.
On shifting sands: assessing the financial sustainability of UK learned societies
Authors: JOHNSON Rob , FOSCI Mattia
Published: September 2015

This article provides a quantitative assessment of the extent to which UK learned societies rely on publishing revenues. Drawing on work completed as part of a Universities UK project to monitor the transition to open access in the United Kingdom, it considers the risks that increased market consolidation and a shift to open access publishing present for societies' financial sustainability in the coming years. The project identified 279 UK societies that publish peer‐reviewed publications. It is estimated that publishing accounts for just over £300 million, or 26%, of these societies' overall revenues of £1.2 billion, but an in‐depth analysis of 30 societies found that the proportion is as high as 80% in some cases. Publishing is typically a profitable activity for societies, and thereby supports their charitable activities and makes an important contribution to their overall financial sustainability. Although most societies are presently in good financial health, the combined pressures of market consolidation and open access, coupled with early indications of an increase in the costs of publishing, suggests that their reliance on publishing could prove an uncertain foundation in the years to come.
Data exchange standards to support and acknowledge peer‐review activity
Authors: PAGLIONE Laura Dorival , LAWRENCE Rebecca Naomi
Published: September 2015

Key points

Peer review is used to evaluate research, including publications, scientific awards, and grant proposals, and there is a continuum of at least six approaches to review from completely closed, double‐blind review to fully‐open and citable peer review.

It is getting harder to find suitable experts to serve as reviewers so publishers and others are experimenting with methods to incentivize researcher participation, with a growing interest in enabling citation of peer‐review activity as a component.

A Working Group on Peer Review Service, facilitated by CASRAI, was created to develop a data model and citation standard for peer‐review activity that can be used to support both existing and new review models.

Standardized citation structures for reviews can enable the inclusion of peer‐review activity in personal recognition and evaluation, as well the ability to refer to reviews as part of the scholarly literature.
Open access — the rise and fall of a community‐driven model of scientific communication
Authors: SCHÖPFEL Joachim
Published: September 2015

Key points

In 25 years, open access has become a significant part of scientific communication, but its success story should not conceal a fundamental change of its nature.

Open access started at the grassroots, as a bottom‐up, community‐driven model of open journals and repositories but today the driving forces are commercial, institutional, and political interests.

The fall of open access as a community‐driven model is running the risk of becoming dysfunctional for scientists and may create new barriers and digital divides.
Geometric Schur duality of classical type, II
Authors: Fan Zhaobing , Li Yiqiang
Published: September 2015

We establish algebraically and geometrically a duality between the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of type

D

\mathbf D

and two new quantum algebras arising from the geometry of

N
N

-step isotropic flag varieties of type

D

\mathbf D

. This duality is a type

D

\mathbf D

counterpart of the Schur-Jimbo duality of type

A

\mathbf A

and the Schur-like duality of type

B

/

C

\mathbf B/\mathbf C

discovered by Bao-Wang. The new algebras play a role in the type

D

\mathbf D

duality similar to the modified quantum

g
l

(
N
)

\mathfrak {gl}(N)

in type

A

\mathbf A

, and the modified coideal subalgebras of quantum

g
l

(
N
)

\mathfrak {gl}(N)

in type

B

/

C

\mathbf B/\mathbf C

. We construct canonical bases for these two algebras.
Presence of competitors influences photosynthesis, but not growth, of the hard coral Porites cylindrica at elevated seawater CO2
Authors: Brien H. V. , Watson S.-A. , Hoogenboom M. O.
Published: September 2015

Changes in environmental conditions, such as those caused by elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), potentially alter the outcome of competitive interactions between species. This study aimed to understand how elevated CO2 could influence competitive interactions between hard and soft corals, by investigating growth and photosynthetic activity of Porites cylindrica (a hard coral) under elevated CO2 and in the presence of another hard coral and two soft coral competitors. Corals were collected from reefs around Orpheus and Pelorus Islands on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. They were then exposed to elevated pCO2 for 4 weeks with two CO2 treatments: intermediate (pCO2 648) and high (pCO2 1003) compared with a control (unmanipulated seawater) treatment (pCO2 358). Porites cylindrica growth did not vary among pCO2 treatments, regardless of the presence and type of competitors, nor was the growth of another hard coral species, Acropora cerealis, affected by pCO2 treatment. Photosynthetic rates of P. cylindrica were sensitive to variations in pCO2, and varied between the side of the fragment facing the competitors vs. the side facing away from the competitor. However, variation in photosynthetic rates depended on pCO2 treatment, competitor identity, and whether the photosynthetic yields were measured as maximum or effective photosynthetic yield. This study suggests that elevated CO2 may impair photosynthetic activity, but not growth, of a hard coral under competition and confirms the hypothesis that soft corals are generally resistant to elevated CO2. Overall, our results indicate that shifts in the species composition in coral communities as a result of elevated CO2 could be more strongly related to the individual tolerance of different species rather than a result of competitive interactions between species.
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Dostal Robert
Published: September 2015

Hans-Georg Gadamer (b. 1900–d. 2002) is known primarily for establishing philosophical hermeneutics as an important movement in contemporary philosophy. What is remarkable about Gadamer’s very large body of work is the paucity of published books. As was required for an academic career, Gadamer published his habilitation, Plato’s Dialectical Ethics, in 1931 (see Gadamer 1985a, cited under Gadamer’s Collected Works in German). He did not publish another book until 1960, when his main work, Truth and Method (Gadamer 1989b, cited under Gadamer’s Principal Works in English Translation), appeared. Almost all of Gadamer’s published work before and after 1960 is “occasional,” i.e., based on lectures and addresses. Some of these lectures and addresses were expanded into short monographs that were published in book form—among them, The Relevance of the Beautiful (Gadamer 1986b), and The Idea of the Good in Platonic-Aristotelian Philosophy (Gadamer 1986a), both cited under Gadamer’s Principal Works in English Translation). Between 1986 and 1995, Gadamer put together his Collected Works (Gesammelte Werke) in ten volumes that contain most but not all of his published work prior to 1995 (see Gadamer’s Collected Works in German). Gadamer made himself available for numerous interviews that provide insight into his work and into a century of German intellectual history.
Paul Oskar Kristeller
Authors: Rubini Rocco
Published: September 2015

Paul Oskar Kristeller (b. 1905–d. 1999) was a German-Jewish historian of philosophy and one of the most influential Renaissance scholars of the 20th century. Together with a short list of colleagues, Kristeller redefined Renaissance studies after the Second World War, at a time when the so-called problem of the Renaissance and its viability as historiographical category and autonomy as historical period, was acutely felt within what was then a much narrower field of specialists. He is best known for his attempts to dignify and distinguish historical “humanism.” He formally accepted the critiques of the medievalists who denied an enlightened break in the 15th and 16th centuries, and he proceeded to formulate and publish in 1946 a theory that was controversial at the time: that “humanism” was not the dawn of the new philosophy of man but a mostly academic and scholarly movement formally tied to the medieval traditions of ars dictandi and ars arengandi. Taken together, the studia humanitatis (whose focus was on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and, to an extent, moral philosophy) amounted to an educational reform and, thus, to a reorientation of the medieval subdivision of the liberal arts into the Trivium and Quadrivium. Kristeller’s interpretation of humanism, which strongly emphasized a distinction between rhetoric and philosophy, was influenced by his intellectual formation in Germany and, later, Italy. Kristeller’s notably hard-nosed approach to scholarship was first honed at the Mommsen-Gymnasium in Berlin, were he met Ernst Hoffmann (his teacher of Greek), whom he followed to Heidelberg for his university career. Here he studied with Heinrich Rickert, a prominent neo-Kantian whose methodology in historiographical research Kristeller embraced, and Karl Jaspers, who introduced him to existentialism. Both influences are at play in Kristeller’s dissertation on Plotinus, published in 1929. Having received what he perceived as a less-than- excellent assessment of his dissertation, Kristeller moved to Berlin and trained to become a schoolteacher of Greek and Latin (with no less than Werner Jaeger, Eduard Norden, Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, and Richard Walzer). He subsequently returned his attention to philosophy and chose Marsilio Ficino as the topic of a Habilitationschrift advised by Martin Heidegger, whom he had met during a short stint in Marburg in 1926. Because of anti-Semitic laws enacted in Germany, Kristeller moved to Italy in 1934 and became the protégé of Giovanni Gentile, securing positions as lecturer of German at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and at the University of Pisa. In 1939, Kristeller was again forced to emigrate, this time to the United States, where he found a home at Columbia University in New York.
Sinorhizobium meliloti Controls Nitric Oxide–Mediated Post-Translational Modification of a Medicago truncatula Nodule Protein
Authors: Blanquet Pauline , Silva Liliana , Catrice Olivier , Bruand Claude , Carvalho Helena , Meilhoc Eliane
Published: September 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in various plant-microbe interactions. In the symbiosis between soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and model legume Medicago truncatula, NO is required for an optimal establishment of the interaction but is also a signal for nodule senescence. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for NO effects in the legume-rhizobium interaction. Here, we investigate the contribution of the bacterial NO response to the modulation of a plant protein post-translational modification in nitrogen-fixing nodules. We made use of different bacterial mutants to finely modulate NO levels inside M. truncatula root nodules and to examine the consequence on tyrosine nitration of the plant glutamine synthetase, a protein responsible for assimilation of the ammonia released by nitrogen fixation. Our results reveal that S. meliloti possesses several proteins that limit inactivation of plant enzyme activity via NO-mediated post-translational modifications. This is the first demonstration that rhizobia can impact the course of nitrogen fixation by modulating the activity of a plant protein.
From Impairment to Empowerment: A Longitudinal Medical School Curriculum on Disabilities
Authors: Sarmiento Cristina , Miller Sonya R. , Chang Eleanor , Zazove Philip , Kumagai Arno K.
Published: September 2015

Problem

All physicians will care for individuals with disabilities; however, education about disabilities is lacking at most medical schools. Most of the schools that do include such education exclusively teach the medical model, in which disability is viewed as an impairment to be overcome. Disability advocates contest this approach because it overlooks the social and societal contexts of disability. A collaboration between individuals with disabilities, educators, and physicians to design a medical school curriculum on disabilities could overcome these differences.

Approach

A curriculum on disabilities for first- and second-year medical students was developed during the 2013–2014 academic year and involved a major collaboration between a medical student, medical educators, disability advocates, and academic disability specialists. The guiding principle of the project was the Disability Rights Movement motto, “Nothing about us without us.” Two small-group sessions were created, one for each medical school class. They included discussions about different models of disability, video and in-person narratives of individuals with disabilities, and explorations of concepts central to social perceptions of disability, such as power relationships, naming and stigmatization, and disability as identity.

Outcomes

According to evaluations conducted after each session, students reported positive feedback about both sessions.

Next Steps

Through this curriculum, first- and second-year medical students learned about the obstacles faced by individuals with disabilities and became better equipped to understand and address the concerns, hopes, and societal challenges of their future patients. This inclusive approach may be used to design additional curricula about disabilities for the clinical and postgraduate years.