bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brief Post-Surgical Stress Management Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Overweight and Obese Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Primary Treatment
Authors: Ream Molly , Saez-Clarke Estefany , Taub Chloe , Diaz Alain , Frasca Daniela , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Antoni Michael H.
Published: May 2022

Background: Overweight and obese (OW/OB) body mass index (BMI) is associated with greater inflammation and poorer outcomes in breast cancer (BC). Stress management interventions using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training (RT) have reduced inflammation in BC patients but have not been tested specifically in OW/OB patients undergoing primary treatment. We developed brief CBT and RT-based group interventions and tested their effects (vs time-matched Health Education [HE] control) on serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in OW/OB vs normal weight (NW) BC patients during primary treatment. We hypothesized OW/OB women would show higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and that stress management would decrease these cytokines more in OW/OB women than in NW women. Methods: Stage 0 – III BC patients were enrolled post-surgery and before initiating adjuvant therapy, were randomized to either 5 weeks of CBT, RT, or HE, and provided questionnaires and blood samples at baseline and 6-months. Serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Repeated measures analysis of variance tested the interaction of condition by BMI by time in predicting cytokine levels over 6 months, controlling for age, stage, ethnicity, and income. Results: The sample (N = 153) majority was OW/OB (55.6%). We found differences in baseline IL-6 and IL-1β across BMI categories, with greater IL-6 (p < 0.005) and IL-1β (p < 0.04) in OW and OB vs NW women, but no difference between OW and OB women. There were no differences in baseline TNF-α among BMI groups. BMI category moderated the effect of brief stress management interventions on IL-6 changes over 6-months (p = 0.028): CBT/RT vs HE decreased IL-6 in OW/OB (p = 0.045) but not in NW patients (p = 0.664). There were no effects on IL-1β or TNF-α. Results could not be explained by differences in receipt of adjuvant therapy, prescription medications, or changes in physical activity. Conclusions: OW/OB women with newly diagnosed BC had significantly greater serum IL-6 and IL-1β than NW women post-surgery. Brief stress management delivered with primary treatment among OW/OB patients may reduce the increases in inflammatory markers known to accompany adjuvant treatments and could thus promote better outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02103387.
The Effects of Novel Formulations of Edaravone and Curcumin in the Mouse Intrastriatal Lipopolysaccharide Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Deng Isaac , Garg Sanjay , Zhou Xin-Fu , Bobrovskaya Larisa
Published: May 2022

The major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which is responsible for the core motor symptoms of PD. Currently, there is no cure for PD, and its prevalence is increasing, prompting the search for novel neuroprotective treatments. Neuroinflammation is a core pathological process in PD, evident by increased inflammatory biomarkers in the SN and cerebrospinal fluid. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have reported a reduced risk of PD in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs compared to non-users, suggesting the neuroprotective potential of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) test the efficacy of novel oral formulations of edaravone (EDR) and curcumin (CUR) (which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties) to alleviate motor and non-motor symptoms, and associated pathology in the intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of PD; (2) investigate the expression of proteins linked to familial PD and markers of autophagy in the intrastriatal LPS model treated with EDR and CUR. Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups, namely; (1) control + vehicle; (2) LPS + vehicle; (3) LPS + EDR (made in vehicle) and (4) LPS + CUR (made in vehicle). 10 μg of LPS was administered stereotaxically into the right striatum, and EDR and CUR treatments were initiated 2-weeks after the LPS injections. Behavioural tests were carried out at 4- and 8-weeks after LPS injection followed by tissue collection at 8-weeks. Intrastriatal administration of LPS induced motor deficits and anxiety-like behaviours at 4- and 8-weeks, which were accompanied by astroglial activation, increased protein expression of α-synuclein, heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa (HSC-70) and Rab-10, and reduced levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the striatum. Additionally, LPS induced astroglial activation in the olfactory bulb, along with changes in the protein expression of HSC-70. The changes associated with EDR and CUR in the striatum and olfactory bulb were not statistically significant compared to the LPS group. Intrastriatal administration of LPS induced pathological changes of PD such as motor deficits, reduced expression of TH protein and increased α-synuclein protein, as well as some alterations in proteins linked to familial PD and autophagy in the olfactory bulb and striatum, without pronounced therapeutic effects of EDR and CUR. Our results may suggest that EDR and CUR lack therapeutic effects when administered after the disease process was already initiated. Thus, our treatment regimen or the physicochemical properties of EDR and CUR could be further refined to elevate the therapeutic effects of these formulations.
Importance of Autophagy in Mediating Cellular Responses to Iron Overload in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tam Eddie , Reno Chloe , Nguyen Khang , Cho Sungji , Sweeney Gary
Published: May 2022

Both iron overload and deficiency can promote development of cardiomyopathy. Advances in our knowledge from recent research have indicated numerous potential cellular mechanisms. Regulation of myocardial autophagy by iron is of particular interest and will be reviewed here. Autophagy is already well established to play a significant role in regulating the development of heart failure. This review will focus on regulation of autophagy by iron, crosstalk between autophagy and other cellular process which have also already been implicated in heart failure (oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis) and the therapeutic potential of targeting these interactions.
FROM BUREAUPRENEUR TO HNWI: CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF HIGH NET WORTH INDIVIDUALS (HNWIs) IN CHINA
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

Economic growth in China is attributed by many people to the reforms initiated in 1978. Some individuals, who were previously agents of the state, party cadres, or peasants, have become High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) within a relatively short period in the wake of certain institutional changes. Before economic reform, China’s political elites seized administrative controls and material privileges and yet were relatively restricted in money income and private wealth; however, the market transition and privatization added additional value into those controls and privileges and created unique opportunities for those political elites. These political elites retain intact power and privilege regardless of market reforms or regime change. During the transformation, redistributive mechanisms are shaped by these elites, who discriminate in favour of themselves, their families, and like individuals; subsequently, some of those from the political elites migrate into HNWIs, and unjust wealth re-distribution is created accordingly. Development and the changing role of elites in transitional China, like all societies, is constrained and shaped by heritage (resources, pre-existing institutions, geography, culture, etc.); these constraints maybe stronger in transitional societies than in open market economies and enhance the importance for transitional society elites to maintain their footholds of power in state and regulatory institutions. Therefore, these elites exert influence to maintain their existing privileges for accumulating wealth from competition. This research adapts institutional change theory to incorporate the concept of resource dependences in order to give practical expression to an analysis of how the transition between these roles is played out during the institutional changes and to explore the relations between the leading social actors and their institutional environment. It draws on the example of the housing market to illustrate that there is a trade-off between conformity to external institutional pressure and exercising influence over external resources whilst pursuing stability and legitimacy in China’s reforms.
Konsep Dasar Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: MIRNAWATI
Published: May 2022

Ekonomi dalam lslam adalah ilmu yang mempelajari segala perilaku manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan tujuan memperoleh falah (kedamaian dan kesejahteraan dunia-akhirat).
Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

The thesis reviews the (triangular) relationship between financial liberalization, economic growth, and banking development. It points out the causality effect where financial liberalization could improve the efficiency of the banking sector, but on the other hand, it also could lead to instability in the banking system. The recent Global Financial Crisis raised questions as to how and at what level financial liberalization could be done so that for banking development, improvements are achieved but instabilities are avoided. The thesis answers these questions employing a new sample (the Vietnamese banking system), covering a long period (1990-2010), and consistently applying different approaches and models. Three different approaches are used, namely ratio analysis, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Materi Penawaran
Authors: Nurfadilah
Published: May 2022

Penawaran adalah sejumlah produk(barang/jasa) yang ditawarkan oleh produsen (penjual) pada berbagai tingkat harga dan terjadi pada periode waktu tertentu. Teori ekonomi berhubungan dengan prilaku perusahaan bisnis, yang melakukan penawaran di pasar output dan melakukan permintaan di pasar input (peraga 1.1). Perusahaan terlibat dalam produksi, dan berasumsi bahwa mereka melakukan hal itu untuk mendapatkan laba. Sehingga perusahaan sukses mencetak laba karena mereka mampu menjual produk melebihi biaya untuk memproduksi
Tác động qua lại giữa thị trường chứng khoán và thị trường bất động sản ở Việt Nam
Authors: Nga Nguyễn Thị Hằng
Published: May 2022

Tác động qua lại giữa thị trường chứng khoán và thị trường bất động sản ở Việt Nam
DNA Cell Cycle Analysis with Propidium Iodide (PI) in Liver Cancer Patients
Authors: Hussein Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the fifth most common cancer and, with over 600,000 deaths per annum, it constitutes a major global health problem. The main aetiologies of chronic liver injury are chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, alcohol abuse and, as a result of metabolic syndrome reaching epidemic proportions, an increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Biomarkers are being developed as alternatives to liver biopsy for predicting liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to investigate DNA Cell cycle in HCC, Fibrosis patients and compare with healthy control group. They were classified into three different groups 51 individuals diagnosed Fibrosis patients, 30 Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients and 40 healthy Control individuals with no liver diseases. Tumor Markers including CEA and AFP were estimated using ELISA method, DNA cell cycle was assessed using Flow Cytometry. Results showing sub G1 was increased significantly in both HCC and Fibrosis patients with values 9.55 ± 4.72 and 17.7 ± 5.9; respectively comparing with Healthy control group 5.7 ± 3.36 (p<0.005). On the other hand, G0/G1 was decreased significantly in both HCC and Fibrosis patients with values 62.2 ± 10.02 and 53.4 ± 11.1, respectively while in Healthy control. In addition, AFP and CEA were increased in both HCC and Fibrosis patients comparing with Control. Conclusion based on this study DNA cell cycle could help in assessment of Liver damage especially HCC.
Investigation of Life Skill Levels of University Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tozoğlu Burak , Okdan Bora , Gülbahçe Öner
Published: May 2022

It was aimed to reveal whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the gender, age, sportive activity status and duration of the students studying at xxx University in the 2020-2021 academic year on their life skills levels. In this study descriptive survey method was used. A personal information form was used to obtain information about the demographic characteristics of 215 students, 71 male and 144 female and “Life Skills Scale” which was developed by Bolat and Balaman (2017) was used to determine the life skills levels, who participated in the study. Independent sample T test was used to determine the significant difference between two independent variables and life skills. Anowa Analysis of Variance techniques were used to determine the difference between more than two variables and life skills. Pearson correlation analysis was made to determine the relationship between Life Skills Scale and ages of students and duration of sports activities . Th results were evaluated according to the p<.05 significance level. It has been determined there is a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of coping with stress and emotions, empathy and self-awareness, decision making and problem solving about students gender and life skills scale according to the data obtained. It has been determined there is a significant difference in all sub-dimensions of the students' sportive activities and life skills scale. It has been determined there is a positive significant relationship in students' weekly sporting activity time and life skills scale on the sub-dimension of decision making and problem solving.
RESUME: MODEL ANALISIS IS-LM DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: MIRNAWATI
Published: May 2022

IS-LM terdiri dari IS dan LM. IS adalah Invesment Saving yang berarti pasar barang sedangkan LM adalah Liquidity Money yang berarti pasar uang. Model IS-LM menjelaskan interaksi antara dua pasar, yaitu pasar barang dan pasar uang.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 16 residing within CDT1 distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood. We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs480727, residing within CDT1, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a CDT1 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that CDT1 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in human breast cancer. Sequence variation in the CDT1 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Bhopa Shania
Published: May 2022

This scoping review protocol works to analyze the urban health factors associated with the promotion of physical activity among newly immigrated families with children.
KESEIMBANGAN PASAR UANG DAN PASAR BARANG DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO ISLAM
Authors: Akbar Muh.
Published: May 2022

Menurut teori yang dikemukakan oleh Keynes yang merupakan sebuah pengembangan teori klasik, menyatakan bahwa permintaan uang berdasarkan kepadamotif orang yang memegang uang. Teori klasik itu menyatakan bahwasannya pemengang uang merupakan sesuatu yang bertujuan untuk transaksi saja. Dalam ekonomi Islam, fungsi uang yang diakui hanya sebagai alat tukar, medium of exchange, unit of account. Uang itu sendiri tidak memberikan kegunaan/manfaat, akan tetapi fungsi uanglah yang memberikan kegunaan.
Bibliometric analysis of entrepreneurial marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the development of research in the context of entrepreneurial marketing. This study was conducted in March 2021 by analyzing data from the Scopus database with the keywords of entrepreneurial marketing and pandemic. The search result data were analyzed descriptively based on the year of publication, country publication, and research subject. Data were processed and analyzed by using the VOSViewer software to determine the development of the bibliometric map of research developments in entrepreneurial marketing. The results show that the number of studies on entrepreneurial marketing during the pandemic has increased significantly in the last one and a half years. In addition, the United States became the country with the most publicity on this issue during the pandemic. Furthermore, there are six clusters that describe important keywords on the related issue.
Identifying the risk of dyslexia in bilingual children: The potential of language-dependent and language-independent tasks
Authors: Taha Juhayna , Carioti Desirè , Stucchi Natale , Chailleux Mathilde , Granocchio Elisa , Sarti Daniela , De Salvatore Marinella , Guasti Maria Teresa
Published: May 2022

The study aims to investigate the performance of monolingual and bilingual children with and without reading difficulties on language-dependent and language-independent tasks, and examine the relationship between the performance on these tasks and reading. There were 72 Italian-speaking children: 18 monolingual good readers (MONO-GR, Mage = 10;4), 19 monolingual poor readers (MONO-PR, Mage = 10;3), 21 bilingual good readers (BI-GR, Mage = 10;6), and 16 bilingual poor readers (BI-PR, Mage = 10;6). All bilingual children spoke Italian as their L2. Children completed a battery of standardized Italian reading tests, language-dependent tasks: nonword repetition (NWR), sentence repetition (SR), and phonological awareness (PA), and language-independent experimental tasks: timing anticipation, beat synchronization, rhythmic inhibition control, auditory reaction time, and rapid automatized naming (RAN). Results revealed medium to large significant differences between good and poor readers in their performance on the language-dependent tasks, including NWR, PA and SR. Beat synchronization was the only language-independent task that was sensitive to reading ability, with poor readers showing greater variability in tapping to fast rhythm relative to good readers. SR was the only task that was sensitive to bilingualism status as bilinguals underperformed monolinguals on the task. Moreover, there were weak to moderate correlations between performance on some of the language-dependent tasks (NWR, PA), language-independent tasks (beat synchronization, inhibition control, RAN), and reading measures. Performance on the experimental tasks (except for RAN) was not associated with the length of exposure to Italian. The results highlight the potential of NWR, PA, SR and beat synchronization tasks in identifying the risk of dyslexia in bilingual populations. Future research is needed to validated these findings and to establish the tasks’ diagnostic accuracy.
Classroom-based Assessment Practices of U.S. College Faculty in Response to Emergency Teaching Circumstances during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ober Teresa , Xu Xiangyu , Kane Emily , Hong Maxwell , Cheng Alison
Published: May 2022

We investigated the perceived impact of COVID-19 on the pedagogical practices of college instructors through the lens of situated theories of learning, focusing on assessment. An online survey was administered to 145 faculty teaching at over 80 different U.S. institutions (Mean age=41.29 years, SD age=10.95; %female=69.7) between February-July 2021. Most (88.7%) reported at least one course they taught shifted from an in-person to an online format during Spring 2020. During the pandemic-affected portion of Spring 2020 and even into Spring 2021, instructors appeared more likely to assign untimed, open-book assessments administered outside of class time that were not proctored in person. Instructors provided additional details about how they prioritized content, adjusted their grading, prepared students for exams, navigated the difficulties administering assessments online, and handled issues of academic integrity. Understanding issues around assessment during COVID-19 informs recommendations for best practices for online and remotely administered assessments.
Do People Protest for Democracy? Investigating A Democratic Theory of Protest Participation in the 2018 Armenia’s Protest
Authors: Pisareva Dinara
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the role of democratic support in relation to protest participation in non-democratic regimes. The democratic support theory suggests that strong support for democracy on the individual level makes people more likely to join democratic protests. Using Bayesian process-tracing, I investigate the theory in the case study of democratic mass mobilisation in Armenia in 2018. Overall, the findings from Armenia’s case study shows that democratic support plays a key role in motivating people to join democratic protests in non-democracies when the risks are high, and the benefits are unclear.
In vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Varieties GUI 11 and PMA 96/48
Authors:   Deputy Director, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Kyaukse Township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar, OO Kay Thi , Htwe Maung Maung ,   Honorary Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Yangon Technological University, Yangon Division, Myanmar, San Nwe Ni ,   Demonstrator, Department of Biotechnology, Yangon Technological University, Yangon Division, Myanmar
Published: May 2022

The present investigation is deals with in vitro regeneration of two sugarcane varieties from Yezin, Pyinmana, Myanmar. The young suckers of two sugarcane varieties GUI11 and PMA 96/48 were used as explants. In this research, both sugarcane varieties gave high shoot proliferation rate on MS medium plus hormone BAP and NAA combinations. The shoot regeneration results of both varieties were not significant on MS basal medium supplemented with BAP + IBA (1+0.2, 1+0.5, 1+0.7, 0.5+0.1, 0.5+0.2, 0.5+ 0.3 mg/l). The maximum shoot formation was observed in MS medium supplemented with BAP 1mg/l + IBA 0.2 mg/l for both GUI 11 and PMA 96/48. The rooting experiment was conducted in half strength MS medium with various concentrations of NAA. The root formation from regenerated shoot was observed in half strength of MS medium supplemented with NAA 4, 5, 6 mg/l for both sugarcane varieties. Among three levels of NAA tested, the highest root formation was found at 5mg/l in GUI 11 and 6mg/l in PMA 96/48.
Disease patterns at the sick child clinic of Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya, Joseph Abuya , Edwin Ubaga ,   Final year Medical student, School of Medicine, MOI University, Kenya, Fridah Nyamongo ,   Final year Medical student, School of Medicine, MOI University, Kenya, Peter Ouma ,   Final year Medical student, School of Medicine, MOI University, Kenya, Zipporah Kamuren ,   Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, MOI University, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Background: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) serves a large population across the western part of Kenya, and has a sick child clinic which receives children 14 years and below. The study analyzed all cases that presented in 2014. Objective: To find out conditions presenting in the sick child clinic in MTRH. Methods: A retrospective study encompassing quantitative studies was used. All children 14 years and below presenting at the Sick child clinic in MTRH. The necessary information was recorded from the patients medical records seen in the hospital throughout 2014 using a structured questionnaire. The collcted data was cleaned and analyzed using STATA version 11. Results: A total of 29,307 children were seen at the clinic in 2014 and of those, 54.2% were male and 45.8% were female. Children aged five and below formed 67.7%. On average, about 2400 patients were seen monthly.There was an increase in patients admitted in March (9.9%) and July (9.5%). Of the conditions presenting, All other conditions’ (which included Febrile illness, Myalgia, Malnutrition) had the highest percentage at 41.1%. Other diseases of the respiratory system at 28.9% excluding pneumonia and tuberculosis. Among individual diseases, pneumonia was leading with 3.5% followed by diarrhea at 2.3%. Referrals formed about 14% of patients seen. About 20% were tested for HIV, of these only 1% were positive. Conclusion: Pneumonia was the single most prevalent disease followed by diarrhea.
An Overview of Achyranthes aspera Linn.
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226003, India, Lakshmi Vijai , Mahdi Abbas Ali ,   Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226003, India, Sharma Dilutpal ,   Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226003, India, Agarwal Santosh Kumar ,   Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226003, India
Published: May 2022

A lot of literature reviews about Achyranthes aspera Linn. has been published previously. Researchers are critically involved in the research to extract out the potential medicinal value which is present in this plant. It has a broad pharmacological value. The plant has many potential compounds but the major activities are because of the presence of few bioactive compounds. From the review of the literature on this plant we found that this plant is known for diuretic and hepatoprotective properties and used to cure several diseases viz., malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetics. Most recently, A. aspera is widely studied for its medicinal properties and reported to have immunostimulatory properties wound healing activity, antioxidant activity, hemolytic activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. The present study was designed to investigate the A. aspera leaves ethanolic extract for its antioxidant potential by using in vitro assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging and Reducing power assays.
Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Capparis tomentosa Lam. in swiss albino mice
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Raya University, Ethiopia, Gebrehiwot Sibhatu
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of crude hydro-alcholic extract of Capparis tomentosa in Swiss albino mice. In studying the toxicity, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines was used. Experimental animals (mice), five mice in each, were grouped into four groups; three experimental groups and one negative control. In studying the acute toxicity, up to 5000 mg/kg crude hydro-alcholic plant extract was given orally using standard intragastric oral gavage. For acute toxicity a single dose was given and gross behavioral change such as inflexibility, irritability, jumping and mortality were recorded. In sub-acute oral toxicity test, C. tomentosa crude extract was given to the mice by standard intragastric oral gavage at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg body weight every single to 28 days and various hematological parameters were recorded. In acute toxicity, the given dose of the plant extract did not produce significant gross behavioral changes, except slight sleep, inflexibility and sedation at the dose of 3000mg/kg and 5000mg/kgt extracts. However, no death was occurred in the given doses. Therefore, the present study showed that the crude hydro-alcoholic extract of C. tomentosa plant did not produce any significant acute and sub-acute toxicity effect in the experimental animals and this may confirm use of the plant in traditional medicines.
Review on Hydroponic Feed Value to Livestock Production
Authors:   College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Raya University, Ethiopia, Girma F , Gebremariam B ,   College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Raya University, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

In agriculture hydroponics is an advanced technology. Hydroponic production is used to guarantee a constant production of high quantity of green forage throughout the year for livestock feed with suitable prices. Therefore, this review aims to review hydroponic feed value on livestock production. Hydroponics is a technique of growing of plants without soil but in water or nutrient rich solution in a greenhouse. This fodder increases up to 20-30cm height consisting of roots, seeds and plants. About 1.50-3.0 liters of water is required to produce one kg of fresh hydroponics fodder in seven days since water can be reused. However, DM content of 11-14% is common for hydroponics maize and yields of 5-6 folds on fresh basis. Since the hydroponics, fodder is more palatable, digestible and nutritious while imparting other health benefits to the animals and improve production performance of livestock. The cost of seed contributes about 90% of the total cost of production of hydroponics maize fodder as compared to conventional which is much lower. Supplementing is 5-10 kg fresh hydroponics maize fodder per cow per day. Digestibility of the nutrients of the ration could increase in milk production (8- 13%) by feeding hydroponics fodder. Hydroponics fodder can be produced by farmers to feed their dairy animals using low cost diet in situations, where conventional green fodder cannot be grown successfully. Therefore, there is a need for more research and development endeavor for better utilization in the future.
Characterization of Dairy Value Chains in the Case of Urban and Peri-Urban Area of Southern Tigray
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Maichew ATVET College, Ethiopia, Weldegiorgis Y , Tadesse A ,   College of Dry land Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, Gebremariam B ,   College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Raya University, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

The study aimed at analyzing of the existing dairy value chain in the southern zone of Tigray. Primary data were collected from multiple sources including a total of 120 dairy producers, value chain actors: 24 traders, 20 consumers and 8 service providers in Edamehoni and Alamata districts. The collected data was analyzed using application of appropriate statistical tools and simple descriptive statistics. Dairying accounted 53.33 and 23.33% of the total generated family income for urban and peri-urban dairy producers; respectively. The finding indicated that input suppliers, producers, traders, consumers and service providers are involved directly and/or indirectly along dairy value chains in the study areas. Accordingly, producing and processing, collecting, storing and marketing dairy products are the major activities which were performed by the actors. Out of all milk value chain actors about 61% retailers (café and restaurant) and 39% milk producer, were involved in the value addition of milk in both study areas. Most of the smallholder dairy producers in the study sites have been using traditional dairy production technique that results in low milk production. Creating awareness and other capacity building intervention of smallholder dairy producer for quality and quantity milk production are one of the ways to assist dairy producers in building on their resources to create more income by managing their dairy farm skillfully and get a good price in the market. Hence, all concerned organizations (chain enablers) should focus on the provision of appropriate training for both dairy producer farmers and extension agents on how to manage improved breed dairy cattle and incorporate new technologies profitably into farm level production strategies.
Knowledge of middle-aged women regarding the prevention of osteoporosis
Authors:   M.Sc. Nursing Student, Medical Surgical Nursing, MIMS College of Nursing, Malappuram, Kerala, India, Ramachandran Remya , John Preetha ,   Assistant Professor, MIMS College of Nursing, Malappuram, Kerala, India
Published: May 2022

Women constitute the most important segment of our population. Most of the middle-aged women are affected with Osteoporosis which is one of the most prevalent bone diseases in the world. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge of middle aged women regarding the prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis affects 55% aged 50 and above of this approximately 80 % are women one in three women and one in twelve men over the age of 50 years worldwide are estimated to have osteoporosis. Primary prevention of osteoporosis is the first and most important one especially among the middle-aged women, as they are going to attain menopause soon. As a part of primary prevention they should follow a balanced diet, calcium and vitamin D3 supplements, physical activity, prevents falls, hormone replacement therapy. Calcium and vitamin D exert a positive effect on a muscular tissue which helps in building up the mass and strength of muscles thereby promotes osteoporosis prevention. By using non experimental univarient descriptive design 60 women who met inclusion criteria were selected with convenient sampling technique. Out of 60 sample 23 (38%) had very good knowledge, twenty one had (35%) had average knowledge, nine (15%) had excellent knowledge, seven (12%) of them had good knowledge and none of them had poor knowledge. As a middle aged women attains menopause it is necessary to boost their knowledge regarding osteoporosis, where the main study focused to assess the knowledge of middle aged women on osteoporosis.
Awareness of patients on ionizing radiation exposure and the risks associated with it in CT scan examination at Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya
Authors:   Fourth year medical student, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Odhiambo Ogowe , Joseph Abuya ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Khakai Mukabi ,   Fourth year medical student, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Caleb Nyamwange ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Radiology and Imaging, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Isiaho Minayo ,   Fourth year medical student, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Mwangi Njeru ,   Fourth year medical student, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya., Omenta Ong’era ,   Fourth year medical student, School of Medicine, Moi University, Kenya.
Published: May 2022

Background: Computer Tomography (CT) scan utilizes ionizing radiation that has been established as risk factors for development of cancer. However, patients’ knowledge of these risks is not well documented and especially in Kenya. Objective: To establish patients’ awareness on ionizing radiation exposure and the risks associated with repeated CT scan examination. Methods: A prospective study carried out in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). It was descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling method was used to get a sample size was 120 patients. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed. The study was conducted between April and June 2019. Results: A total of 120 participants were recruited into the study of which 60% were male and 40% female. Majority (38%) had secondary level of education. Overall, 18% were familiar with the term ionizing radiation, 14% knew that CT scan uses ionizing radiation but only 2% were aware that CT scan emits higher ionizing radiation as compared to the general X-rays. At the same time, 65% knew that ionizing radiation posed greater risk to pregnant women. In addition, 10% were aware of the relationship between ionizing radiation exposure and development of cancer. Separately, 63% were aware and observed some of the safety practices in a CT scan unit. Conclusion: Majority of the patients seen at the MTRH CT scan unit did not demonstrate an understanding of the concept of ionizing radiation exposure and the risk associated with multiple CT scans examinations.
Review on Dairy Production System, Constraints and Opportunities in Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Raya University, P.O.Box 42, Maichew, Ethiopia, Gebreselassie Lidetu
Published: May 2022

The objective of this paper was aimed to compile dairy cattle production system, main constraints and existing opportunities in Ethiopia. Based on their location the main milk production systems are namely as rural milk production, peri-urban and urban milk productions. Ethiopia has potential for dairy cattle production mainly to the reason of suitable environment and high cattle number that contains 59.5 million cattle populations. Even though Ethiopia has large dairy cattle population and favorable climatic conditions, self-sufficiency in milk production is low. The main constraints that affect milk production capacity of dairy cattle in Ethiopia includes feed shortage in terms of quality and quantity, high feed cost, land shortage and space limitation for farming of improved forage, insufficient veterinary services, diseases, water shortage, lack of market information, absence of improved breed in most parts of the country, poor artificial insemination service, lack of milk processing facilities, poor milk production potentials of local dairy cows, poor management of animals, adulteration, waste disposal, lack of market-oriented production. So, to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is very important to introduce improved forage, increase AI utilization efficiency, and improve the current condition of veterinary services. The finding of different authors conducted in different parts of the country indicated that the existence of large population of milk cows and diverse dairy animal’s genetic resources, fast growing population, change in living standard and income growth of people, rabid urbanization, growing demand and indigenous knowledge in the preservation of milk and milk products, availability of trained manpower, existence of research institutions and technologies, existence of service providers such as veterinary health and artificial insemination centers, development of infrastructural sector like road access, water supply, communication activities were the key opportunities to dairy production. Generally, the review highlighted that even dairy sector constrained by many factors there are still ample opportunities for dairying. Therefore, coordinated activities must be done by respective bodies to minimize the identified constraints which hinder dairy development.
A Comparative Study of Cellulase Production: Minireview
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Vijay Pratap , Sharma Divya ,   Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Prajapati Sweta ,   Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Bamal Anchal ,   Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tyagi Swati ,   Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

Cellulose is one of the most abundant polymers on earth. It is present in huge amount in the various wastes of agricultural produce. Cellulase enzyme can be produced by using these wastes. Cellulase enzyme has been produced by a wide range of microbial flora such as fungi and bacteria. Production conditions for the production of cellulase enzymes has been optimized using one factor variable at a time approach. Various production conditions such as carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature, incubation temperature and inoculum size have to optimized for maximum enzyme production. This review describes the production of cellulase enzyme using various agricultural wastes, which are reported in the literature till now. In this, we have mentioned the various microbial species, which are able to produce cellulase under optimum conditions. In this we have also discusses the comparative production of cellulase enzyme using submerged and solid-state fermentation. In today’s world, due to wide role of industrial enzymes in commercial market makes them more popular and we have to focus on more research towards their production using cheap substrates. These substrates are available annually and also environmentally friendly to use. The above-mentioned methods are very useful for the production of cellulase by reducing disposal problem of these agro-wastes. These substrates are more efficiently consumed by a potential strain like microbes, plants, etc. for production of cellulase enzyme. By this review, we are trying to explore the more potent source of cellulase production both in terms of increased productivity as well as quality.
Vitamins, Functional and Sensory Attributes of Biscuit Produced from Wheat-Cocoyam Composite Flour
Authors:   Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 50, Ilaro, Nigeria, Makanjuola Olakunle Moses , Adebowale Olalekan Jimi ,   Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 50, Ilaro, Nigeria
Published: May 2022

The vitamins, functional and sensory attributes of wheat-cocoyam composite flour and its biscuit baking potential were studied using standard analytical methods. Cocoyam flour were produced and used to substitute wheat flour at different substitutional levels viz 90:10%, 80:20%, 70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50% with 100% wheat flour as control. The resultant biscuit produced showed that vitamin C ranged from 17.17-78.92mg/100g, vitamin B2 ranged from 8.02-35.96mg/100g, vitamin B5 varied from 0.08 to 0.05mg/100g, vitamin B6 ranged from 1.0- 6.20mg/100g while vitamin B9 ranged from 0.27-1.27mg/100g respectively. Fat soluble vitamins were present at appreciable amounts in the sample, revealing 0.45, 0.53, 0.68, 1.60, 2.28 and 5.67mg/100g for control,10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% cocoyam flour substitution. Highest values of 380, 376, 367(mg/kg) were recorded by biscuits from 60:40%, 70:30% and 50:50% wheat cocoyam composite flour in terms of sodium content. Potassium also show significant levels, ranging from 83.53-193.83mg/kg. Whereas the functional properties of composited flour and sensory attributes of biscuits were deferred significantly (p≤0.05), textural quality of biscuits showed no significant (p≥0.05) difference. Wettability was found to increase with increase in cocoyam incorporation. However, biscuit of acceptable quality comparable to that of 100% with flour can be produced from 50:50 wheat-cocoyam flour blends, hence enhancing the utilization of cocoyam and reducing overdependence on wheat flour for baking products.
Integrations and Interactions of Ayurveda Drugs: Review W.S.R. to Merits and Demerits
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Rural Institute of Ayurved Research Center & Hospital Vidyagiri, Vita Road, Mayani, Tal.- Khatav, Dist. - Satara, Maharashtra, India, Khot Dhananjay Shivaji , Pawar Amit Raghunath ,   Associate Professor and HOD, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Rural Institute of Ayurved Research Center & Hospital Vidyagiri, Vita Road, Mayani, Tal.- Khatav, Dist. - Satara, Maharashtra, India, Satpute Sushil Sarjerao ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Stri roga and Prasuti tantra Rural Institute of Ayurved Research Center & Hospital Vidyagiri, Vita Road, Mayani, Tal.- Khatav, Dist. - Satara, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2022

Ayurveda the classical science of Indian health management mentioned different ways of disease management and utilization of natural drugs is one such way of disease management. These natural drugs offer therapeutic benefits when used alone or in combination. The Ayurveda drugs most of the times gives synergistic effects when used in combination but sometimes gives undesired biological responses therefore it is essential to take consideration of correct combination of herbal medicines to avoid chances of any adverse events. The integration of Ayurveda therapy with Yoga gives better result than any one of them used alone. Similarly, the integration of Ayurveda with modern approaches is prerequisite so that scientific concepts of classical and modern science bring together for managing incurable diseases. The interactions of drugs and integration of therapies can result better therapeutic response but safety concern of such combination is prime issue for medical philosopher.
Prediction of Sars-Cov-2 Main Protease Potential Inhibitors from Libyan Arbutus Pavarii Pampan Compounds: A Molecular Docking Study
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, El-Ashrey Mohamed K. , Elshibani Fatma ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya, Alamami Abdullah ,   Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya, Elremali Naema ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya, Elderbi Mahmoud A. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine (Almarj), University of Benghazi, Libya
Published: May 2022

The present study examined some natural active compounds contained in the Libyan Arbutus pavarii Pampan. shrub that might be used as natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, the responsible causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A molecular docking method was employed to find out the capability of the selected molecules to interact with the virus main protease. Seven flavonoids from twenty-seven compounds belonging to different classes showed a remarkable ability to bind to the main protease of the novel coronavirus. The descending order of compounds with the highest binding affinity was as follows: Saponarin, Rutin, Delphinidin3-rutinoside, Neodiosmin, Kampferol-3-O-ß-D-rutinoside, Isoquercetin, and Hyperoside. The outcomes have provided a clear insight into the structure-activity relationship of Mpro targeting agents and may assist the future design of new drug candidates for the disease.