bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-of-the-art colorectal disease: postoperative ileus
Authors: Sommer Nils P. , Schneider Reiner , Wehner Sven , Kalff Jörg C. , Vilz Tim O.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Postoperative Ileus (POI) remains an important complication for patients after abdominal surgery with an incidence of 10–27% representing an everyday issue for abdominal surgeons. It accounts for patients’ discomfort, increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and a high economic burden. This review outlines the current understanding of POI pathophysiology and focuses on preventive treatments that have proven to be effective or at least show promising effects.

Methods

Pathophysiology and recommendations for POI treatment are summarized on the basis of a selective literature review.

Results

While a lot of therapies have been researched over the past decades, many of them failed to prove successful in meta-analyses. To date, there is no evidence-based treatment once POI has manifested. In the era of enhanced recovery after surgery or fast track regimes, a few approaches show a beneficial effect in preventing POI: multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia with placement of epidural catheters or transverse abdominis plane block; μ-opioid-receptor antagonists; and goal-directed fluid therapy and in general the use of minimally invasive surgery.

Conclusion

The results of different studies are often contradictory, as a concise definition of POI and reliable surrogate endpoints are still absent. These will be needed to advance POI research and provide clinicians with consistent data to improve the treatment strategies.
Validation of the web-based self-administered 24-h dietary recall myfood24-Germany: comparison with a weighed dietary record and biomarkers
Authors: Koch Stefanie A. J. , Conrad Johanna , Cade Janet E. , Weinhold Leonie , Alexy Ute , Nöthlings Ute
Published: May 2021

Purpose

We aimed to validate myfood24-Germany, a web-based 24-h dietary recall (24HDR), by comparing its performance with a weighed dietary record (WDR) and biomarkers.

Methods

97 adults (77% female) completed a 3-day WDR with a 24-h urine collection on day 3, followed by at least one 24HDR with myfood24-Germany (corresponding to day 3 of the WDR). Intake of energy and 32 nutrients assessed by myfood24-Germany and the WDR for the same day were compared (method comparison). Intakes of protein and potassium assessed by myfood24-Germany/WDR were compared with intake estimated from urinary biomarkers for protein and potassium (biomarker comparison).

Results

In the method comparison, significant correlations were found for energy and all tested nutrients (range 0.45–0.87). There was no significant difference between both methods in the assessed mean energy and macronutrient intake. However, myfood24-Germany underestimated mean intake of 15 nutrients. In the biomarker comparison, protein intake reported by myfood24-Germany/WDR was on average 10%/8% lower than estimated by biomarker. There was no significant difference in mean potassium intake assessed by myfood24-Germany/WDR and biomarker. However, a shared bias in the assessment of potassium intake was observed for both instruments. Concordance correlation coefficients (pc) and weighted Kappa coefficients (κ) confirmed good agreement with the biomarker estimates for myfood24-Germany/WDR in case of protein (pc = 0.58/0.66, κ = 0.51/0.53) and moderate agreement in case of potassium (pc = 0.44/0.51; κ = 0.30/0.33).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that myfood24-Germany is of comparable validity to traditional dietary assessment methods.
Needling and open filtering bleb revision after XEN-45 implantation—a retrospective outcome comparison
Authors: Steiner Stefan , Resch Hemma , Kiss Barbara , Buda Daniel , Vass Clemens
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To compare efficacy and safety of needling and open bleb revision after XEN-45 surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study represents real-life data of patients who underwent XEN-45 surgery between November 2014 and June 2018 in the Vienna General Hospital. The following groups were formed for data evaluation: (PSEA) primary surgery secondary intervention allowed (n = 268); (PS) primary surgery until secondary intervention (n = 268); (N) first needling until additional secondary intervention (n = 55); (BR) first bleb revision until additional secondary intervention (n = 105). Main outcome measures were pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medication (GM), Kaplan–Meier success rates, and secondary intervention rates. Success was defined as postoperative IOP < 21 mmHg and < 18 mmHg together with ≥ 20% IOP reduction with medication allowed.

Results

IOP (and GM) was lowered from 23.5 ± 8.0 (GM 3.1 ± 1.0) to 14.9 ± 8.2 mmHg (1.2 ± 1.4) in group PSEA and 18.1 ± 8.2 mmHg (1.5 ± 1.4) in group PS, in group N from 23.2 ± 10.1 (1.5 ± 1.0) to 19.3 ± 8.5 mmHg (2.2 ± 1.3) and in group BR from 22.0 ± 8.0 mmHg (2.5 ± 1.1) to 15.5 ± 6.4 mmHg (1.3 ± 1.5) after a median follow-up of 16.0, 8.4, 4.8, and 7.3 months, respectively. Success rates at 1 year were significantly higher in group BR (50.7%) compared to PS (37.7%, p = 0.019) and N (24.3%; p = 0.015). An additional intervention was required less frequently in group BR (17.1%) compared to group PS (49.6%, p < 0.001) and group N (54.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data appear to indicate favorable outcomes for open XEN bleb revision in terms of Kaplan–Meier success rates and secondary intervention rate compared to the needling procedure.
The retinal vasculature pathophysiological changes in vision recovery after treatment for indirect traumatic optic neuropathy patients
Authors: Gao Yang , Li Jinmiao , Ma Huan , Nie Cong , Lv Xi , Lin Xiaofeng , Luo Guangwei , Shi Jianbo , Lu Rong
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the retinal vasculature pathophysiological changes of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) patients after effective surgery.

Methods

Monocular ITON patients who underwent endoscopic trans-ethmosphenoid optic canal decompression (ETOCD) or conservative treatments in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2017 to June 2020 were recruited. Visual acuity (VA), visual evoked potential (VEP), oxygen saturation of retinal blood vessels (SO2), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) were measured. All patients were followed up at least 3 months after treatments.

Results

A total of 95 ITON patients were recruited, including 77 patients who underwent ETOCD and 18 patients who underwent conservative treatments. After treatments, more patients received ETOCD (59/77 = 76.6%) presented with improved VA compared with the patients with conservative treatments (6/18 = 33.3%). Compared with the pre-therapeutic measurements, VEP were significantly improved after surgery in ETOCD-treated patients (P < 0.05). Latent periods of P1 and N2, as well as amplitude of P2 of VEP parameters, showed more sensitive to vision recovery (P < 0.05). Retinal artery SO2 and the differences between arteries and veins were improved in ETOCD-treated patients (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, with OCT-A examination, the retinal thickness and retinal vessel density were notably better in ETOCD-treated patients after surgery than that in patients received conservative treatments (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Vision recovery after effective treatment of ITON patients was associated with the increased oxygen saturation of retinal vessels, better availability of oxygen in the retina, greater vessel density, and thicker retinas, which might further underlie the vasculature mechanism of vision recovery in ITON patients.
Pathogenic STX3 variants affecting the retinal and intestinal transcripts cause an early-onset severe retinal dystrophy in microvillus inclusion disease subjects
Authors: Janecke Andreas R. , Liu Xiaoqin , Adam Rüdiger , Punuru Sumanth , Viestenz Arne , Strauß Valeria , Laass Martin , Sanchez Elizabeth , Adachi Roberto , Schatz Martha P. , Saboo Ujwala S. , Mittal Naveen , Rohrschneider Klaus , Escher Johanna , Ganesh Anuradha , Al Zuhaibi Sana , Al Murshedi Fathiya , AlSaleem Badr , Alfadhel Majid , Al Sinani Siham , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Huber Lukas A. , Müller Thomas , Heidelberger Ruth , Janz Roger
Published: May 2021

Biallelic STX3 variants were previously reported in five individuals with the severe congenital enteropathy, microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). Here, we provide a significant extension of the phenotypic spectrum caused by STX3 variants. We report ten individuals of diverse geographic origin with biallelic STX3 loss-of-function variants, identified through exome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based homozygosity mapping, and international collaboration. The evaluated individuals all presented with MVID. Eight individuals also displayed early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, i.e., syndromic—intestinal and retinal—disease. These individuals harbored STX3 variants that affected both the retinal and intestinal STX3 transcripts, whereas STX3 variants affected only the intestinal transcript in individuals with solitary MVID. That STX3 is essential for retinal photoreceptor survival was confirmed by the creation of a rod photoreceptor-specific STX3 knockout mouse model which revealed a time-dependent reduction in the number of rod photoreceptors, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and the eventual loss of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Together, our results provide a link between STX3 loss-of-function variants and a human retinal dystrophy. Depending on the genomic site of a human loss-of-function STX3 variant, it can cause MVID, the novel intestinal-retinal syndrome reported here or, hypothetically, an isolated retinal dystrophy.
Comparison of standard automotive industry injury predictors and actual injury sustained during significant whiplash events
Authors: Smotrova Ekaterina , Morris Lucy , McNally Donal
Published: May 2021

Purpose

We present a unique opportunity to compare standard neck injury criteria (used by the automotive industry to predict injury) with real-life injuries. The injuries sustained during, and the overall kinematics of, a television demonstration of whiplash mechanics were used to inform and validate a vertebral level model of neck mechanics to examine the relevance of current injury criteria used by the automotive industry.

Methods

Frontal and rear impact pulses, obtained from videos of sled motion, were used to drive a MADYMO human model to generate detailed segmental level biomechanics. The maximum amplitude of the frontal and rear crash pulses was 166 ms−2 and 196 ms−2, respectively, both with a duration of 0.137 s. The MADYMO model was used to predict standard automotive neck injury criteria as well as detailed mechanics of each cervical segment.

Results

Whilst the subject suffered significant upper neck injuries, these were not predicted by conventional upper neck injury criteria (Nij and Nkm). However, the model did predict anterior accelerations of C1 and C2 of 40 g, which is 5 times higher than the threshold of the acceleration for alar ligament injury. Similarly, excessive anterior shear displacement (15 mm) of the skull relative to C2 was predicted. Predictions of NIC, an injury criterion relevant to the lower neck, as well as maximum flexion angles for the lower cervical segments (C3–T1) exceeded injury thresholds.

Conclusion

The criteria used by the automotive industry as standard surrogates for upper neck injury (Nij and Nkm) did not predict the significant cranio-cervical junction injury observed clinically.
Experimental Deformation of Opalinus Clay at Elevated Temperature and Pressure Conditions: Mechanical Properties and the Influence of Rock Fabric
Authors: Schuster Valerian , Rybacki Erik , Bonnelye Audrey , Herrmann Johannes , Schleicher Anja M. , Dresen Georg
Published: May 2021

The mechanical behavior of the sandy facies of Opalinus Clay (OPA) was investigated in 42 triaxial tests performed on dry samples at unconsolidated, undrained conditions at confining pressures (pc) of 50–100 MPa, temperatures (T) between 25 and 200 °C and strain rates ($$\dot{\varepsilon }$$

ε
˙

) of 1 × 10–3–5 × 10–6 s−1. Using a Paterson-type deformation apparatus, samples oriented at 0°, 45° and 90° to bedding were deformed up to about 15% axial strain. Additionally, the influence of water content, drainage condition and pre-consolidation was investigated at fixed pc–T conditions, using dry and re-saturated samples. Deformed samples display brittle to semi-brittle deformation behavior, characterized by cataclastic flow in quartz-rich sandy layers and granular flow in phyllosilicate-rich layers. Samples loaded parallel to bedding are less compliant compared to the other loading directions. With the exception of samples deformed 45° and 90° to bedding at pc = 100 MPa, strain is localized in discrete shear zones. Compressive strength (σmax) increases with increasing pc, resulting in an internal friction coefficient of ≈ 0.31 for samples deformed at 45° and 90° to bedding, and ≈ 0.44 for samples deformed parallel to bedding. In contrast, pre-consolidation, drainage condition, T and $$\dot{\varepsilon }$$

ε
˙

do not significantly affect deformation behavior of dried samples. However, σmax and Young’s modulus (E) decrease substantially with increasing water saturation. Compared to the clay-rich shaly facies of OPA, sandy facies specimens display higher strength σmax and Young’s modulus E at similar deformation conditions. Strength and Young’s modulus of samples deformed 90° and 45° to bedding are close to the iso-stress Reuss bound, suggesting a strong influence of weak clay-rich layers on the deformation behavior.
The Image of the Family and Family Home in Małgorzata Musierowicz’s Series of Novels, and the Stereotype of the Family in Contemporary Polish Society
Authors: Senderska Joanna , Mityk Iwona , Piotrowska-Oberda Ewa
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the image of the family and the family home in a series of novels for young people by the popular Polish writer Małgorzata Musierowicz in the context of literary conventions and stereotypes about the family in contemporary Polish society. The novels, which cover a period of over 40 years, generally fit contemporary Polish realities; however, the didactic function of the novels results in the author creating an idealized image of the Polish intellectual family, filling the readers with optimism. The picture created by the writer, on the one hand, fits perfectly into the stereotype of the family, which is one of the values highly esteemed by Poles. On the other hand, it adapts to the conventions of novels for girls. In this article, the stereotype of the family is reconstructed on the basis of language data and surveys. We present the meanings and contexts of family as a noun and family as an adjective. We also present the results of our survey, the aim of which was to determine an essence of a stereotypical family and how the traditional family model is comprehended by respondents coming from various groups. We also present the respondents’ attitude to the patriarchal family model and the division of roles into male and female. In our opinion, the correspondence between the family picture created in the novels and the image of the family operating in social consciousness is the reason for the popularity of the series.
“They have no taste in Morocco.” Home furnishing, belonging, and notions of religious (im)perfection among white Dutch and Flemish converts in Morocco
Authors: ter Laan Nina
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on furnishing practices in the domestic space of the homes of white Flemish and Dutch Muslim female converts to Islam who madehijra(Islamic migration) to Morocco. Fed up with European Islamophobia and longing for a place that supports and strengthens their faith, they decided to emigrate to a Muslim country. However, remarkably, once settled in Morocco, many experience discontent with regard to a perceived “lack of true Islam” in the country. To gain insight into the positions and experiences of these women, I look at how they create a sense of belonging through furnishing practices in the domestic space of their new homes. I am interested in how various senses of belonging are expressed and come together in relation to their construction of religious belonging and place, and are renegotiated through domestic decoration practices. Building on literature on home, transnational migration, conversion, and material religion, I demonstrate that mechanisms of distinction and notions of religious (im)perfection intersect in the organization of the domestic space. Based on ethnographic accounts, I argue that my interlocutors bring a “culturalized” West-European Islam to Morocco, with tastes and sensibilities that jostle uneasily against local Moroccan religious practices but also allows them to repair some of the privileges they lost upon their conversion in their homeland. Lastly, this article shows that it is through the engagement with mundane material forms, but also with absence and empty spaces, that Islam becomes present in their domestic spaces, enhancing the cultivation of their ethical selves.
Evaluation of the Double Snap-Through Mechanism on the Wave Energy Converter’s Performance
Authors: Liu Bingqi , Levi Carlos , Estefen Segen F. , Wu Zhijia , Duan Menglan
Published: May 2021

Lower efficiencies induce higher energy costs and pose a barrier to wave energy devices’ commercial applications. Therefore, the efficiency enhancement of wave energy converters has received much attention in recent decades. The reported research presents the double snap-through mechanism applied to a hemispheric point absorber type wave energy converter (WEC) to improve the energy absorption performance. The double snap-through mechanism comprises four oblique springs mounted in an X-configuration. This provides the WEC with different dynamic stability behaviors depending on the particular geometric and physical parameters employed. The efficiency of these different WEC behaviors (linear, bistable, and tristable) was initially evaluated under the action of regular waves. The results for bistable or tristable responses indicated significant improvements in the WEC’s energy capture efficiency. Furthermore, the WEC frequency bandwidth was shown to be significantly enlarged when the tristable mode was in operation. However, the corresponding tristable trajectory showed intra-well behavior in the middle potential well, which induced a more severe low-energy absorption when a small wave amplitude acted on the WEC compared to when the bistable WEC was employed. Nevertheless, positive effects were observed when appropriate initial conditions were imposed. The results also showed that for bistable or tristable responses, a suitable spring stiffness may cause the buoy to oscillate in high energy modes.
Gezielte Zellsortierung in der Einzelzellgenomik
Authors: Sobol Morgan S. , Kaster Anne-Kristin
Published: May 2021

Single cell genomics (SCG) can provide reliable context for assembled genome fragments on the level of individual prokaryotic genomes and has rapidly emerged as an essential complement to cultivation-based and metagenomics research approaches. Targeted cell sorting approaches, which enable the selection of specific taxa by fluorescent labeling, compatible with subsequent single cell genomics offers an opportunity to access genetic information from rare biosphere members which would have otherwise stayed hidden as microbial dark matter.
Wie das Histon-Chaperon FACT aktives und stilles Chromatin bewahrt
Authors: Murawska Magdalena , Ladurner Andreas G.
Published: May 2021

Histone chaperones play a fundamental role in the regulation of genome dynamics and stability. They are a versatile group of proteins that interact with histone proteins and govern their assembly or disassembly into nucleosomes. How the activity of histone chaperones is regulated is not well understood. Here, we discuss our new data on how histone post-transcriptional modifications cooperate with the essential histone chaperone complex FACT in active and silent regions of the genome.
Business diversification and multifaceted markets
Authors: Arai Koki , Hayashi Shuya
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we examine multiple segments, conventionally analyzed from the perspective of business diversification, from multiple perspectives in a multifaceted market. Specifically, based on segmental financial data, we conduct an empirical analysis of whether increased sales in the transportation business increase the profit margin of the real estate business of a railroad company. The results show that there are two types of sidedness among many businesses. The effects of both positive and negative indirect network effects were found to exist. In addition, verification of the difference-in-differences based on the initiation event of the mutual traffic interconnection demonstrates the indirect network effect in the transportation business to a certain extent, and shows that the effect is not uniform in each business, with some businesses showing strong effects and others showing less visible effects.
Perspectives about artificial moral agents
Authors: Martinho Andreia , Poulsen Adam , Kroesen Maarten , Chorus Caspar
Published: May 2021

The pursuit of AMAs is complicated. Disputes about the development, design, moral agency, and future projections for these systems have been reported in the literature. This empirical study explores these controversial matters by surveying (AI) Ethics scholars with the aim of establishing a more coherent and informed debate. Using Q-methodology, we show the wide breadth of viewpoints and approaches to artificial morality. Five main perspectives about AMAs emerged from our data and were subsequently interpreted and discussed: (i) Machine Ethics: The Way Forward; (ii) Ethical Verification: Safe and Sufficient; (iii) Morally Uncertain Machines: Human Values to Avoid Moral Dystopia; (iv) Human Exceptionalism: Machines Cannot Moralize; and (v) Machine Objectivism: Machines as Superior Moral Agents. A potential source of these differing perspectives is the failure of Machine Ethics to be widely observed or explored as an applied ethic and more than a futuristic end. Our study helps improve the foundations for an informed debate about AMAs, where contrasting views and agreements are disclosed and appreciated. Such debate is crucial to realize an interdisciplinary approach to artificial morality, which allows us to gain insights into morality while also engaging practitioners.
A Unified Computational Fluid Dynamics Framework from Rarefied to Continuum Regimes
Authors: Xu Kun
Published: May 2021

This Element presents a unified computational fluid dynamics framework from rarefied to continuum regimes. The framework is based on the direct modelling of flow physics in a discretized space. The mesh size and time step are used as modelling scales in the construction of discretized governing equations. With the variation-of-cell Knudsen number, continuous modelling equations in different regimes have been obtained, and the Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes equations become two limiting equations in the kinetic and hydrodynamic scales. The unified algorithms include the discrete velocity method (DVM)–based unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS), the particlebased unified gas-kinetic particle method (UGKP), and the wave and particle–based unified gas-kinetic wave-particle method (UGKWP). The UGKWP is a multi-scale method with the particle for non-equilibrium transport and wave for equilibrium evolution. The particle dynamics in the rarefied regime and the hydrodynamic flow solver in the continuum regime have been unified according to the cell's Knudsen number.
Asyndeton and its Interpretation in Latin Literature
Authors: Adams J. N.
Published: May 2021

Asyndetic coordination (omission of coordinators such as 'but', 'or', 'and') is ancient in Indo-European languages. Most commentaries on Greek and Latin texts index 'asyndeton', but wide-ranging treatments of asyndeton across a variety of literary and non-literary genres are largely lacking, and comments are often impressionistic. This book provides the most comprehensive account of asyndeton in Latin ever attempted, and it also contains material from Greek and Umbrian. It analyses asyndeta in diverse genres from early Latin to the early Empire, including prayers and laws, and aims to identify types, determinants, generic variations and chronological changes. Since coordinators are easily left out or added by scribes, criteria are discussed that might be used by editors in deciding between asyndeton and coordination. External influences on Latin, such as Greek and Italic, are also considered. The book will be essential for all scholars of Latin language and literature as well as historical linguistics.
Catholic Faith and Practice in England, 1779-1992
Authors: Turnham Margaret H.
Published: May 2021

Religious historians writing about Roman Catholicism after the Reformation have concentrated on institutional change, or the impact of certain groups or individuals. At the same time, those writing about Evangelical revivalism have tended to see this as an exclusively Protestant phenomenon. This book, by focusing on devotional practice and grass roots communities over a long period, demonstrates that renewal and revivalism were also present in the Roman Catholic Church, arguing that they are essential for faith to remain vibrant. The book examines how in the diocese of Middlesbrough (which comprises the old North and East Ridings of Yorkshire including Hull and York) Catholic faith and practice developed from a position where old Catholic gentry families were central through to the establishment of the Catholic hierarchy and large-scale immigration in the nineteenth century, when the church took on a distinctly Irish character. It re-evaluates the so-called "golden age" of the 1950s and considers the impact of the Second Vatican Council.

Overall, the book shows how English Catholic faith and practice were influenced by social, cultural and geographical factors, how Roman Catholicism can indeed be seen as part of the Evangelical spectrum of religious experience, and, above all, how ordinary Catholics lived their faith. Margaret Turnham completed her doctorate at the University of Nottingham.
Charity Movements in Eighteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Sonnelitter Karen
Published: May 2021

The philanthropic impulse to engage in charitable work and to encourage economic "improvement" was sharpened in eighteenth-century Ireland as Irish Protestants became increasingly aware of the threatthat social problems, such as poverty, disease and criminality, posed to their rule. One response to this threat was the establishment of a number of voluntary societies which sought to address the different problems plaguing Ireland. This book examines a number of these voluntary societies, including those concerned with promoting education, supporting hospitals, and improving agriculture and manufacturing. It shows how these movements differed from earlier efforts in organisation, method and aims and demonstrates the connection between religiously motivated charities, Enlightenment-inspiredscientific societies and the Irish government. It pays particular attention to the role of women, both as supporters of, and objects of, charity. It argues that, together, these movements aspired to purge Ireland of what they saw as destabilising factors that weakened the Anglo-Irish state. Improvers reflected Enlightenment-era optimism about the perfectibility of society and saw themselves as serving the interests and aspirations of the nation. Karen Sonnelitter is Assistant Professor of History at Siena College, Loudonville, New York. She completed her doctorate at Purdue University.
British Royal and State Funerals
Authors: Range Matthias
Published: May 2021

British royal and state funerals are among the most elaborate and solemn occasions in European history. This book is the first in-depth study of the ceremonial and the music performed at these eventsover the past 400 years, from the funeral of Elizabeth I in 1603. Covering funerals of both royalty and non-royalty, including Nelson, Wellington and Churchill, this study goes up to the funerals of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2002 and the ceremonial funeral of Baroness Thatcher in 2013. While some of these funerals have received a good deal of attention - especially the 1997 funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales - these extraordinary events have largely not been discussed in their longer historical context. The book examines the liturgical changes in the Anglican funeral rite sincethe Reformation and also the change from the so-called 'public' to 'private' funerals. It includes many new findings on the development of the ceremonial and its intricate peculiarities, as well as new insights into the music and its performance. British Royal and State Funerals shows that, despite a strong emphasis on continuity in the choice of music, the ceremonial itself has shown an astonishing flexibility over the last four centuries. Overall, the book also contributes to the debate on the monarchy's changing public image over time by paying particular attention to topics such astradition and propaganda. Drawing on substantial research in principal libraries and archives, including those of Westminster Abbey, the College of Arms, Lambeth Palace and the British Library, thisbook is an exhaustive resource for musicologists, musicians and historians alike, providing an unprecedented insight into this most sombre of royal and state occasions. MATTHIAS RANGE is author of Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations (2012). He is a post-doctoral researcher for the Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music and its partner AHRC-funded Tudor Partbooks projectat the Faculty of Music, University of Oxford.
Validity of a food frequency questionnaire for the estimation of total polyphenol intake estimates and its major food sources in the Japanese population: the JPHC FFQ Validation Study
Authors: Mori Nagisa , Sawada Norie , Ishihara Junko , Kotemori Ayaka , Takachi Ribeka , Murai Utako , Kobori Masuko , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: May 2021

We examine the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a subsample of participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study using a database of polyphenol-containing foods commonly consumed in the Japanese population. Participants of the validation study were recruited from two different cohorts. In Cohort I, 215 participants completed a 28-d dietary record (DR) and the FFQ, and in Cohort II, 350 participants completed DRs and the FFQ. The total polyphenol intake estimated from the 28-d DR and FFQ were log-transformed and adjusted for energy intake by the residual method. Spearman correlation coefficients (CCs) between estimates from the FFQ and 28-d DR as well as two FFQs administered at a 1-year interval were computed. Median intakes of dietary polyphenols calculated from the DRs were 1172 mg/d for men and 1024 mg/d for women in Cohort I, and 1061 mg/d for men and 942 mg/d for women in Cohort II. The de-attenuated CCs for polyphenol intake between the DR and FFQ were 0⋅47 for men and 0⋅37 for women in Cohort I and 0⋅44 for men and 0⋅50 for women in Cohort II. Non-alcoholic beverages were the main contributor to total polyphenol intake in both men and women, accounting for 50 % of total polyphenol intake regardless of cohort and gender, followed by alcoholic beverages and seasoning and spices in men, and seasoning and spices, fruits and other vegetables in women. The present study showed that this FFQ had moderate validity and reproducibility and is suitable for use in future epidemiological studies.
Reevaluating the Role of Ideology in Chile
Authors: Visconti Giancarlo
Published: May 2021

Voters’ ideological stances have long been considered one of the most important factors for understanding electoral choices in Chile. In recent years, however, the literature has begun to call this premise into question, due to several changes in the Chilean political landscape: the current crisis of representation, the high programmatic congruence between the two main coalitions, the decline in the political relevance of the dictatorship, and the rise of nonprogrammatic electoral strategies. In addition to these transformations, Chile switched to voluntary voting in 2012. This article studies whether ideology still informs electoral choices in Chile in an era of voluntary voting. It implements a conjoint survey experiment in low-to-middle-income neighborhoods in Santiago, where voters would be expected to be less ideological. It shows that candidates’ ideological labels are crucial for understanding the electoral decisions of a large part of the sample, particularly among likely voters.
Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Piri Damaghi Masoome , Mirzababaei Atieh , Moradi Sajjad , Daneshzad Elnaz , Tavakoli Atefeh , Clark Cain C.T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: May 2021

Essential amino acids (EAA) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soya and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published randomised clinical trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soya protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soya protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all randomised clinical trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soya protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. After excluding non-relevant articles, ten studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation (weighted mean difference (WMD: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·15, 1·67; P = 0·019). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soya protein supplementation and body composition parameters. Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage.
The closing formula of the Old Phrygian epitaph B-07 in the light of the Aramaic KAI 318: a case of textual convergence in Daskyleion
Authors: Obrador-Cursach Bartomeu
Published: May 2021

After an overview of the multilingual epigraphy of Daskyleion during the Achaemenid period, this paper focuses on the closing formula shared by the Aramaic KAI 318 and the Old Phrygian B-07 epitaphs, which consists of a warning not to harm the funerary monument. Comparison of the two inscriptions sheds light on the cryptic Old Phrygian B-07, the sole Old Phrygian epitaph known. As a result, the paper provides new Phrygian forms, like the possible first-person singular umno=tan, ‘I adjure you’, and a new occurrence of the Phrygian god Ti-, ‘Zeus’, together with a second possible occurrence of Devos, ‘God’, equated to Bel and Nabu of the Aramaic inscription.
TheCanada–China FIPPA: Its Uniqueness and Non-Reciprocity
Authors: van Harten Gus
Published: May 2021

The Canada–China Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (China FIPPA)is novel and, in key respects, non-reciprocal in favour of China. For example, it would provide a general right of market access by Chinese investors to Canada but not by Canadian investors to China; allow wider scope for investment screening by China than by Canada; omit a long-standing Canadian reservation for performance requirements that favour Aboriginal peoples; and dilute Canada’s established position on transparency in investor-state arbitration. These and other textual aspects of theChina FIPPAare highlighted in comparison to other trade and investment treaties, especially those to which Canada is a party, that provide for investorstate arbitration. TheChina FIPPAis also examined in the current economic context of investment flows between Canada and China. The article responds partly to claims by Canadian trade officials that theChina FIPPAis unremarkable because it simply continues Canada’s past foreign investment promotion and protection practice.
DO LEARNERS CONNECT SOCIOPHONETIC VARIATION WITH REGIONAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS?
Authors: Chappell Whitney , Kanwit Matthew
Published: May 2021

Learners must develop the ability to perceive linguistic and social meaning in their second language (L2) to interact effectively, but relatively little is known about how learners link social meaning to a single phonetic variable. Using a matched-guise test targeting coda /s/ (realized as [s] or debuccalized [h]), we explore whether L2 Spanish learners identify native speakers’ social characteristics based on phonetic variants. Our results indicate that advanced learners were more sensitive to sociophonetic information; advanced listeners who had completed a phonetics course were significantly more likely to categorize /s/ reducers as Caribbean and those who had studied abroad in aspirating regions recognized a relationship between coda /s/ and status. To account for the complex interplay among proficiency, explicit instruction, and dialectal exposure in the development of L2 sociophonetic perception, we suggest the union of the L2 Linguistic Perception Model with exemplar models of phonological representation and indexical meaning.
Consuming the past into the present: The case of the Iberians (Valencia, Spain)
Authors: Santamarina Beatriz , Vizcaíno Tono
Published: May 2021

In this article, we aim to focus on how the Iberian past (sixth century to the first century BC) has been used both to shape identities and to produce values in the marketplace and how the triad of the past, authenticity, and tradition is key in the commodification of the Iberian world. To do so, we will examine developments in the village of Moixent (Valencia, Spain). In this town, the Iberians and their archaeological remains are presented as the protagonists of the area, accompanied by several “heritage stratifications.” Through case studies of family-run wineries, we analyze the process of symbolic appropriation of the Iberians in the local wine sector and its confluence with cultural tourism as well as how it has led to the development of territorial branding based on the past.
Pain pressure thresholds in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain
Authors: Balta Selin , Arslan Derya
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

The pathophysiology of idiopathic chest pain remains unclear. Studies evaluating pain pressure thresholds in other idiopathic pain syndromes have revealed pain sensitivity in both affected and unaffected areas. The present study aimed to evaluate thoracic and extrathoracic pain pressure thresholds and their correlation with patients’ pain characteristics and quality of life.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, single-blind, controlled study included children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain. The patients’ pain characteristics, including their symptom duration, type of pain, mean pain intensity, mean duration of painful periods, pain frequency, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Child Version scores, were assessed by a paediatric cardiologist via a face-to-face interview. Pain pressure thresholds were measured using an algometer by an algologist who was blinded to the study groups.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in pain pressure thresholds in the trapezius; supraspinatus; thoracic 2, 4, and 10 areas; deltoid; and tibia between the patient and healthy control groups. In the patient group, while there was a positive correlation between the mean all-region pain pressure thresholds and age (p = 0.047, r = 0.235), there was no correlation between pain pressure thresholds and symptom duration, pain intensity, and quality of life.

Conclusion:

The present study is the first step towards investigating probable pain sensitivity mechanisms in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain. We noted lower thoracic and extrathoracic pain pressure thresholds in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain than in healthy controls.
False and misleading health-related claims in food supplements on Spanish radio: an analysis from a European Regulatory Framework
Authors: Muela-Molina Clara , Perelló-Oliver Salvador , García-Arranz Ana
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The excessive growth of the food supplements’ industry highlights the need to focus attention on all aspects involved in their proper consumption; one that takes centre stage is advertising. The aim of this research is to analyse the presence of false and misleading claims in food supplements advertising. To this end, a relationship is established between the different types of health-related claims and the substances on which they are based, whether authorised or not by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Design:

This empirical work conducts a content analysis of all radio mentions broadcast throughout 2017 on news/talk radio stations.

Setting:

Spain.

Participants:

All radio mentions broadcast on news/talk commercial radio stations in Spain with the highest audience levels. The corpus is composed of 437 advertisements.

Results:

Results indicate that 80·3 % of function claims included in the analysed advertisements are not authorised by EFSA, while 20·4 % of disease claims are not allowed by EU regulation. Likewise, almost half of the substances referred to (43·7 %) are illicit: 54·1 % in function claims, 57·3 % in disease claims and 73·7 % in the case of reduction of disease risk claims.

Conclusions:

This work reveals consistent failures to comply with European regulation on food supplements advertising. The widespread use of unauthorised health claims and substances is aggravated by the indirect recourse of illness as a persuasive argument, descriptions of alleged benefits as product attributes and the omission of essential information. This leads to dangerous misinformation and can pose serious health risks. Stronger legal mechanisms are needed for effective consumer protection.
The importance of body composition in explaining variation in feed conversion efficiency and residual feed intake between meat sheep at two different ages
Authors: Knott S A , Cummins L J , Leury B J , Dunshea F R
Published: May 2021

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between an animal’s actual intake and its expected intake based on its liveweight and growth rate over a specified period of time (Richardson, Herd et al. 2002). The efficiency with which an animal utilises energy during growth, is dependent on a number of physiological factors including body composition and the relative proportions of lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat tissue mass (FTM), due to differences in the energy cost of depositing and maintaining these tissues. Protein or lean tissue is continually degraded and resynthesised and thus the rate at which this occurs may contribute to the variation in energy required by an animal for maintenance and growth (Archer, Richardson et al. 1999). The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg feed:kg gain) and residual feed intake (RFI) with body composition in rams at six months of age (6mo), and then again in the same rams at thirteen months of age (13mo).
Miniaturized triple-band monopole antenna loaded with a via-less MTM for 3G, WIMAX, and WLAN applications
Authors: Kasmaei Mohammadsadegh , Zareian-Jahromi Ehsan , Basiri Raheleh , Mashayekhi Valiollah
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a tri-band metamaterial (MTM) loaded compact monopole antenna is proposed. In the first step of design procedure, a rectangular monopole antenna is improved by replacing the corresponding rectangular patch with a ring resonator. As a result, the first obtained operating frequency is decreased from 2.95 to 2.46 GHz. Then, this operating frequency is reduced to 2.02 GHz utilizing an MTM geometry in the antenna structure. The geometry parameters of the proposed antenna are optimized to provide the applicability for 3G, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. The impedance bandwidths of 600, 1080, and 220 MHz are obtained at 2.02–2.62, 3.48–4.56, and 5.12–5.34 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna has been extracted. The proposed equivalent circuit model is validated through a comparison with corresponding simulation results. The proposed antenna is compact, low profile, via-less, and provides easy fabrication. Considering the first resonance frequency, a compactness of 32% is achieved in comparison to the corresponding unloaded monopole antenna.
Effect of row spacing and herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: McDonald Shawn T. , Striegel Adam , Chahal Parminder S. , Jha Prashant , Rees Jennifer M. , Proctor Christopher A. , Jhala Amit J.
Published: May 2021

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is one of the most difficult to control weeds in soybean production fields in Nebraska and the United States. An integrated approach is required for effective management of GR Palmer amaranth. Cultural practices such as narrow row spacing might augment herbicide efficacy for management of GR Palmer amaranth. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of row spacing and herbicide programs for management of GR Palmer amaranth in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field with a uniform population of GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, in 2018 and 2019. Year-by-herbicide program-by-row spacing interactions were significant for all variables; therefore, data were analyzed by year. Herbicides applied PRE controlled GR Palmer amaranth ≥95% in both years 14 d after PRE (DAPRE). Across soybean row-spacing, most PRE followed by (fb) early-POST (EPOST) herbicide programs provided 84% to 97% control of Palmer amaranth compared with most EPOST fb late-post (LPOST) programs, excluding dicamba in single and sequential applications (82% to 95% control). Mixing microencapsulated acetochlor with a POST herbicide in PRE fb EPOST herbicide programs controlled Palmer amaranth ≥93% 14 d after EPOST and ≥96% 21 d after LPOST with no effect on Palmer amaranth density. Interaction of herbicide program-by-row spacing on Palmer amaranth control was not significant; however, biomass reduction was significant at soybean harvest in 2019. The herbicide programs evaluated in this study caused no soybean injury. Due to drought conditions during a majority of the 2018 growing season, soybean yield in 2018 was reduced compared with 2019.