bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic wave propagation in partially saturated fractal porous media
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Wei Wei , Cai Jianchao
Published: November 2024

Wave-induced fluid flow, widely accepted as a dominant loss mechanism of wave attenuation, can lead to significant seismic attenuation due to mesoscopic heterogeneities such as partial saturation. However, dependence of fluid distribution on microstructure in partially saturated porous media remains unclear. To quantify the relationship between microstructure and fluid distribution, a saturation fractal dimension is applied on the assumption of pore fractal distribution and gas patch fractal distribution. By integrating the Biot-Rayleigh theory, a theoretical model of partially saturated fractal porous media is established. The results indicate that the scales of fluid flow and the magnitude of peak attenuation are significantly influenced by the maximum gas patch size and the pore fractal dimension. Our model is further validated by comparing it with laboratory measurements. The findings indicate that the variations in the maximum gas patch size correspond to the variations in fluid distribution, and the peak attenuation will reach its maximum magnitude when the saturation fractal dimension equals the pore fractal dimension. The discrepancies between the measurements and modeling results are discussed, revealing that, in addition to microstructure, factors such as rock properties, boundary conditions, and saturation methods significantly influence the fluid distribution, as well as velocity dispersion and attenuation. Our theory provides a reasonable explanation of dispersion and attenuation in fieldwork, thereby presenting a novel perspective for future endeavors in forward modeling and seismic inversion.
Posterior sampling for random noise attenuation via score-based generative models
Authors: Meng Chuangji , Gao Jinghuai , Wu Baohai , Chen Hongling , Tian Yajun
Published: November 2024

Random noise attenuation is an ill-posed inverse problem with multiple solutions, especially in complicated field noise situations. We develop a method to sample stochastic solutions from the posterior distribution of seismic data for a given noisy input. Posterior sampling can be performed by Langevin dynamics with a conditional score function, which can be described as a trained score network (in score-based generative models) plus an analytical expression related to the noise distribution. Each solution from the posterior distribution is reasonable and of high quality. The numerous solutions we obtain may contain underground structural information of interest. We also achieve interactive posterior sampling by automatically estimating a noise level or manually setting it according to the noise level map of the field noise. Experiments on synthetic and field data verify the superiority of our posterior sampling approach.
Multivariable Predictive Model of Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Proteomic and Demographic Contributions
Authors: Gonçalves Maria C. B. , Khera Tanvi , Otu Hasan H. , Narayanan Shilpa , Dillon Simon T. , Shanker Akshay , Gu Xuesong , Jung Yoojin , Ngo Long H. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Libermann Towia A. , Subramaniam Balachundhar
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Delirium after cardiac surgery is common, morbid, and costly, but may be prevented with risk stratification and targeted intervention. In this study, we aimed to identify protein biomarkers and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

SomaScan analysis of 1305 proteins in the plasma from 57 older adults undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted to define delirium-specific protein signatures at baseline (preoperative baseline timepoint [PREOP]) and postoperative day 2 (POD2). Selected proteins were validated in 115 patients using the Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA) multiplex immunoassay platform. Proteins were combined with clinical and demographic variables to build multivariable models that estimate the risk of postoperative delirium and bring light to the underlying pathophysiology.

RESULTS:

Of the 115 patients, 21 (18.3%) developed delirium after surgery. The SomaScan proteome screening evidenced differential expression of 115 and 85 proteins in delirious patients compared to nondelirious preoperatively and at POD2, respectively (P < .05). Following biological and methodological criteria, 12 biomarker candidates (Tukey’s fold change [|tFC|] >1.4, Benjamini-Hochberg [BH]-P < .01) were selected for ELLA multiplex validation. Statistical analyses of model fit resulted in the combination of age, sex, and 3 proteins (angiopoietin-2; C-C motif chemokine 5; and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.829) as the best performing predictive model for delirium. Analyses of pathways showed that delirium-associated proteins are involved in inflammation, glial dysfunction, vascularization, and hemostasis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results support the identification of patients at higher risk of developing delirium after cardiac surgery using a multivariable model that combines demographic and physiological features, also bringing light to the role of immune and vascular dysregulation as underlying mechanisms.
Preoperative Multivariable Model for Risk Stratification of Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Grant Michael C. , Mendez-Pino Laura , Rehman Muhammad J. , Sarin Pankaj , Nasra Sula , Varelmann Dirk
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypoxemia occurs with relative frequency during one-lung ventilation (OLV) despite advances in airway management. Lung perfusion scans are thought to be one of the most accurate methods to predict hypoxemia during OLV, but their complexity and costs are well-known limitations. There is a lack of preoperative stratification models to estimate the risk of intraoperative hypoxemia among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Our primary objective was to develop a risk stratification model for hypoxemia during OLV based on preoperative clinical variables.

METHODS:

This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 3228 patients who underwent lung resections with OLV from 2017 to 2022, at a tertiary academic health care center in the United States. Vital signs and ventilator settings were retrieved minute by minute. Intraoperative hypoxemia was defined as an episode of oxygen desaturation (Spo
2 <90%) for at least 5 minutes. Demographic and clinical characteristics were included in a stepwise logistic regression, which was used for the selection of predictors of the risk score model. All patients included in this cohort underwent elective lung surgery in lateral decubitus position, with double lumen tube and placement confirmation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Our model was validated internally using area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) with bootstrapping correction.

RESULTS:

The incidence of hypoxemia during OLV was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0–10.0). Multivariable logistic regression identified 9 risk factors with their corresponding scoring: preoperative Spo
2 <92% (15 points), hemoglobin <10 g/dL (6 points), age >60 years old (4 points), male sex (4 points), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (8 points), diabetes mellitus (4 points), congestive heart failure (7 points), hypertension (3 points), and right-sided surgery (3 points). The AUC of the model after bootstrap correction was 0.708 (95% CI, 0.676–0.74). Based on the highest Youden index, the optimal score for predicting intraoperative hypoxemia was 13. The risk of hypoxemia increased from 4.7% in the first quartile of scores (0–13 points), to 32% in the third quartile (27–39 points), and 83.3% in the fourth quartile (>39 points). At scores of 20 or greater, the specificity of the model exceeded 90% and reached a positive predictive value of 80%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk of hypoxemia during OLV can be stratified preoperatively using accessible clinical variables. Our risk model is well calibrated but showed moderate discrimination for predicting intraoperative hypoxemia. The accuracy of preoperative models for risk stratification of hypoxemia during OLV should be explored in prospective studies.
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid/Protoporphyrin IX in Brain Metastases
Authors: Price Anthony , Bernstock Joshua D. , Truong Nina , Wu Kyle , Lee John Y. K. , Tucker Isaac J. , Gessler Florian , DeSena Salvatore , Friedman Gregory , Valdes Pablo A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for the resection of brain metastases (BMs).

METHODS:

A comprehensive search of the PubMed database for literature on 5-ALA use in BMs surgery was performed. For inclusion, BMs studies had to have data on the observed intraoperative fluorescence available. Additional data categories included the number of metastatic tumors, 5-ALA dosage and timing, the imaging system (eg, microscope) used, imaging wavelength(s), fluorescence grading (“simple” and “detailed”), fluorescence consistency (heterogeneous vs homogeneous), intracranial tumor location, metastatic primary tumor location, and extent of resection, among others.

RESULTS:

Twenty-three articles published between 2007 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised 1709 total patients; 870 metastatic samples were collected from 855 patients with 377 (43.3%) fluorescence-negative and 493 (56.7%) fluorescence-positive samples. The pooled overall prevalence of fluorescence-positive metastatic lesions was 66% (95% CI 55%-75%; I2 = 85%, P < .01). The fluorescence grading was as follows: (a) simple fluorescence (n = 599): 295 (49.3%) fluorescence-negative and 304 (50.8%) fluorescence-positive samples and (b) detailed fluorescence (n = 271): 82 (30.3%) no fluorescence, 107 (39.5%) weak fluorescence, and 82 (30.3%) strong fluorescence. A total of 764 lesions had primary tumor site data available: 702 lesions had fluorescence data with 384 (54.7%) fluorescence-positive samples.

CONCLUSION:

FGS using 5-ALA/PpIX in BMs demonstrates varying benefits as an adjunct for maximizing the extent of resection. Thus, preoperative knowledge of the primary tumors' origin may inform surgeons regarding the potential utility of 5-ALA/PpIX for FGS management of BMs.
Μελέτη της προσρόφησης βιομορίων σε επίπεδες επιφάνειες
Authors: Κάτσενου Νικολίτσα
Published: November 2024

Σκοπός της ερευνητικής αυτής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της προσρόφησης βιοπολυμερών σε επίπεδες επιφάνειες. Η διερεύνηση των φαινομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με την μέθοδο της Διέγερσης Επιφανειακών Πλασμονίων ή SPR, στο εργαστήριο Φυσικής Συμπυκνωμένης Ύλης στο τμήμα Φυσικής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Το πλεονέκτημα της μεθόδου αυτής έγκειται στο γεγονός ότι μπορεί να καταγράψει σε πραγματικό χρόνο οποιαδήποτε δυναμική διεργασία, όπως η προσρόφηση, σε μία διεπιφάνεια. Αρχικά μελετήθηκε ξεχωριστά η προσρόφηση της πρωτεΐνης αλβουμίνη ορού βοοειδούς, BSA, και του πολυσακχαρίτη θειική χονδροϊτίνη, CS, σε επιφάνειες καθαρού χρυσού. Κατόπιν, στηριζόμενοι στο διαφορετικό ηλεκτρικό φορτίο που φέρουν τα βιοπολυμερή αυτά σε όξινο pH, εξετάστηκε η δημιουργία πολυστρωματικών υμενίων αποτελούμενων από τα βιοπολυμερή BSA και CS. Τα πολυστρωματικά υμένια BSA - CS δημιουργήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική στρώση-προς στρώση ή Layer-by-Layer, η οποία στηρίζεται στην διαδοχική εναλλασσόμενη προσρόφηση αντίθετα φορτισμένων πολυηλεκτρολυτών. Προετοιμάστηκαν πολυστρωματικά υμένια αποτελούμενα από διαφορετικό αριθμό στρωμάτων και διερευνήθηκε η απόκρισή τους αλλάζοντας το pH από όξινο σε ουδέτερο. Στην συνέχεια, διερευνήθηκε η επίδραση της χρονικής διάρκειας της προσρόφησης κάθε στρώματος στην ανάπτυξη των πολυστρωματικών υμενίων. Ακολούθησε ένα πείραμα στο οποίο καταγράφηκε η κινητική της προσρόφησης κατά την δόμηση του πολυστρωματικού υμενίου BSA – CS μέχρι κορεσμού.Η εργασία αυτή δίνει την δυνατότητα να διευρυνθεί το πεδίο έρευνας στην μελέτη και άλλων βιοπολυμερών τα οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε βιολογικές εφαρμογές.
Knowledge of misconduct amid North-African post-graduate dental students: A cross sectional study
Authors: Kallala Rim , Khemiss Mehdi , Azzouzi Ines , Gassara Yosra , Touzi Soumaya , Harzallah Belhassen , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: November 2024

Background Misconduct in the academic community remains poorly understood among post-graduate dental students (PGDSs) in North Africa. Data on the knowledge of misconduct (KoM) level in this population is lacking. This brief report assessed KoM of Tunisian PGDSs’. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, involving 147 PGDSs registered in 2022. Students were recruited via email invitations and convenience sampling at a medical congress. A French survey with 11 questions on KoM, offering three-choice answers (yes/no/maybe) was administered. Each correct answer received one point, and a total score below six indicated a low-level of KoM. Results The mean±SD KoM score of the 106 students who accepted to participate in the study was 4.4±1.8, indicating a low-level of KoM. The majority of PGDSs (85.85%) demonstrated a low-level of KoM. A comparison between subjective and objective assessments of KoM levels revealed that a significant percentage of PGDSs underestimated their knowledge (62.26% vs. 85.85%, respectively). Conclusion This study identified a low-level of KoM among North-African PGDSs. This emphasizes the need for further efforts to enhance awareness and promote better KoM in this population.
Twelve tips for integrating Virtual Reality Simulation into Health Professions Curricula
Authors: Finn Yvonne , Smyth Siobhan
Published: November 2024

Virtual reality simulation (VRS) has the potential to disrupt and transform current understandings and practices in simulation-based education in health professions curricula. Recent technological developments, including AI applications, give the learner high levels of immersion into a virtual environment that even more closely mimic the real world than heretofore. At the same time, there are significant obstacles facing educators who strive to integrate VRS into their simulation curricula. We have written a VRS handbook for nurse educators, developed VR scenarios and delivered VRS workshops to undergraduate nursing students. Our twelve tips are aimed at undergraduate curriculum developers and simulation leaders, guiding them on how to support educators in integrating VRS into their curricula. The tips describe key considerations to be addressed in the development and integration of VRS into curricula. The tips are timely, as health professions education is on the cusp of entering technology-enhanced simulation, of which VRS will be a key player.
Scientific law
Authors: Semenov Evgeniy , Vasilyev Anton , Shopper DariusH , Lapaeva Valentina , Putilo Natalya , Anichkin Eugene , Gumerov Lenar , Kanakova Anna , Serebryakov Andrey , Pechatnova Yuliya , Muhopad Viktoriya
Published: November 2024

The monograph is devoted to the conceptualization of scientific law as a special branch of Russian law with all the necessary attributes: subject, method, principles. Special attention is paid to the need to codify legislation on scientific and innovative activities, to significantly update the current law on science, to develop a new concept for the development of legislation on science. Such problems as state policy in the field of science and technology, the legal status of a scientist, scientific organizations, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the legal regime of scientific works are considered. It is almost the first time that the legal forms of financing scientific activities are touched upon. The legal models of integration and cooperation in the field of science of Russia and foreign countries within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union are separately touched upon.
For scientists and teachers, graduate students and students of law, humanities and other fields of study (specialties). It may be useful for a wide range of readers interested in scientific and technical policy issues.
Pattern recognition. The initial course of theory
Authors: Bondarenko Natal'ya
Published: November 2024

This tutorial discusses the tasks of pattern recognition, discriminant analysis, taxonomy, comparison with a reference, classification of features, and selection of a feature space. The main groups of features calculated from images and used for their recognition have been studied. The methods of classification based on comparison with the standard, the Bayesian classifier and decision trees are highlighted.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the field of information technology, applied mathematics and software engineering.
Long-term persistence of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following minor head injury
Authors: Rossignon Pierre , Chaudhry Abouzar , Alloum Mounia , Antoine-Moussiaux Thomas , Soupart Alain
Published: November 2024

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia, resulting from non-osmotic release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). SIADH is frequently associated with neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-associated SIADH usually develops within days to weeks and resolves within a few weeks. We present the case of a 74-year-old man who, after a fall resulting in TBI, initially had normal sodium levels. Fifteen days later, he developed moderate-to-severe hyponatremia (120 mmol/l) and significant neurological symptoms. Treatment with urea effectively normalized his sodium levels and resolved symptoms. However, recurrent hyponatremia persisted for over six months whenever urea treatment was discontinued. This unusual duration of TBI-associated SIADH underscores the importance of long-term follow-up in the management of post-traumatic hyponatremia.
Oxygen therapy in the obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Łomża-Łaba Aleksandra Wiktoria , Maliszewska Bernadeta , Łuczyński Dominik , Tokarzewska Agata , Łaba Łukasz , Dziurda Stanisław , Łasica Marcin , Małyszek Maciej , Pawłowski Bartosz , Haczkur-Pawłowska Karolina
Published: November 2024

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition characterized by prevalence of obesity, sleep-disordered breathing, and a daytime hypoventilation caused by hypercapnia (PaCO2≥45 mmHg) with hypoxia (PaO2<70 mm Hg). During global epidemic of obesity and the struggle with many related complications, the aim of this study is to focus on hypoventilation and respiratory alterations, caused by obesity hypoventilation syndrome. The comprehensive literature review was performed using the electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The search was limited to at least 2014. Keywords such as: “obesity hypoventilation syndrome”, “obesity”, “respiratory system”, “oxygen therapy” and various combinations of the above were used. Considering many possible causes of alveolar hypoventilation and obesity related complications, the diagnosis of the OHS in the majority of patients is delayed. Patients burdened with sleep-related breathing disorders, including OHS, are most prone to develop life-threatening pulmonary hypertension or cardiovascular issues. The most proper treatment option for patients with OHS is positive airway pressure. Clinically documented mortality and morbidity in the co-occurrence of OHS and severe obesity were elevated. Hence, in addition to the recommended oxygen therapy in the OHS treatment, patients should be educated and supported by health professionals in their weight loss efforts.

Keywords: obesity hypoventilation syndrome, obesity, respiratory system, oxygen therapy.
Granuloma management: exploring treatments beyond the junction
Authors: Marinova Rali , Marinova Petya
Published: November 2024

Stoma nurses possess highly specialised skills that are essential for the provision of ongoing support for patients living with stomas. This is particularly relevant in the management of stoma-related issues, as stoma nurses possess the skills to independently manage peristomal and stomal complications. Granulomas are common complications for many stoma patients. Nurses play an essential role in ensuring the correct treatment is provided or put in place. While the exact ‘how to manage’ process for granulomas at the mucocutaneous junction has been established in guidelines and protocols, there is a lack of guidelines for how to manage mucosal granulomas, which are found on the stomal spout. This article explores the available treatment options for granulomas—both at the mucocutaneous junction and on top of the stoma—and presents a case study of successful treatment of mucosal granulomas.
Comprehensive care management for people with enteral fistulas
Authors: Wieczorek Margarete
Published: November 2024

Margarete Wieczorek discusses the recent efforts by the German Stoma, Continence and Wound Association to design a new training programme for GI nurses working in holistic care management.
An international investigation of the education needs of health professionals conservatively managing genital lymphoedema: survey findings
Authors: Noble-Jones Rhian , Thomas Melanie J. , Quéré Isabelle , Morgan Karen , Moffatt Christine
Published: November 2024

The education needs of health professionals supporting patients with genital lymphoedema (oedema) are unknown. An accurate prevalence of genital oedema, in men, women and children, has not been achieved. It may have many potential causes and multiple psychosocial influences. The vast variations in patient origins and access and delivery of service provision compound the complexity of the management of genital oedema.

The aim of this study was to understand the education needs of health professionals supporting patients with genital oedema and how best to meet these needs. This mixed-method project used an online survey, distributed through national and international professional lymphoedema groups, followed by focus groups. This article reports the results of the survey.

The views of 583 health professionals from 31 countries were collated. Only 42% respondents had completed specific education in treating genital lymphoedema, despite 92% feeling it was necessary. Only 7% reported that patient identification and referral was timely. Wound care skills had been used by 26% of respondents. Education subjects considered ‘essential’ and those of ‘least confidence’ were identified. E-learning packages, videos, printed materials and collaborative events with urology and pelvic health provide opportunities to address the identified needs.

This original project identified unmet needs among health professionals conservatively managing genital lymphoedema.
Contextual factors affecting the education needs of lymphoedema health professionals regarding genital oedema
Authors: Noble-Jones Rhian , Thomas Melanie J. , DiCecco Shelley , Gabe-Walters Marie , Moffatt Christine
Published: November 2024

The impact of the care context on education needs of health professionals who conservatively manage patients with genital oedema is unknown. This study aimed to explore the contextual factors surrounding the treatment of patients with genital oedema that affect the education needs of lymphoedema practitioners, and identify interventions that might support both practitioners and patients. Following scoping groups in Australia and the US, formal focus groups were held with lymphoedema practitioners in England, Wales and the US, as part of an international mixed-method project in 2019. Ethics review from Swansea Bay University Health Board Research and Development Department found ethics approval unnecessary. This project was funded by Tenovus Cancer Care. A total of 69 lymphoedema practitioners (21 from England, 20 from Wales and 28 from the US) self-identified a personal education need and a need in other health workers who should be identifying and referring patients to their services. Genital oedema was considered to be under recognised, of complex aetiology and psychosocially challenging. A need for specific assessment tools, outcome measures and a diagnostic algorithm was identified. In addition, improved availability of acceptable compression products was suggested to possibly help normalise discourse around genital oedema with patients and its management. The payer model in the US means an early intervention/risk reduction approach is more difficult. Importantly, learning support resources need to be readily accessible. The focus groups provided contextual understanding regarding the genital oedema education needs of lymphoedema practitioners and the factors affecting patient treatment.
Procjena socioemocionalnog razvoja dojenčadi u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji
Authors: Bošković Sandra , Lekić Andrica , Vlahović Hrvoje
Published: November 2024

Objective: The importance of researching the socio-emotional development of a child is reflected in the prevention of the risk of deviations in socio-emotional development with the aim of early intervention in work with children who deviate from normal devel- opment or belong to the group of children at neurological risk. The aim of the work was to determine the validity and reliability of the socio-emotional assessment scale for standardization of the measurement instrument in the Republic of Croatia and to deter- mine the level of socio-emotional development of young children in order to determine possible deviations from orderly develop- ment and factors influencing socio-emotional development. Methods: The socio-emotional rating scale was used in the study as a measurement tool to assess the socio-emotional development of infants (from 2 to 18 months) as an instrument for early detection of developmental deviations. Sixty-three parents from Primor- sko-Goranska County participated in the survey. Results: The psychometric properties of the socio-emotional scale showed that the instrument is valid for assessing socio-emotional development with Cronbach α=0.92. At the same time, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the children’s socio-emotional development in relation to birth weight, type of pregnancy, time and type of delivery, and the child’s condition, indicating that the children’s parents created all the conditions for promoting orderly socio-emotional development, re- gardless of possible risk factors. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the questionnaire for assessing socio-emotional development in this research is valid and reliable. The research has clearly demonstrated the importance of early assessment of a child’s socio-emotional development to prevent developmental abnormalities through early intervention. The importance of assessing the validity of the questionnaire en- sures its application in the work of outpatient nurses who assess infant health and development as part of comprehensive outpa- tient infant care.
Utilization of Coal-Mining Mud as a Safe and Environmentally Friendly Building Material
Authors: Alam* Pocut Nurul , Yulianis Yulianis , Hadif Fauzil , Kurniawan Reinaldy , Aslam Izzan Nur
Published: November 2024

Coal-mining mud is one of the wastes that must be treated before being discharged into the environment. The mud contains a lot of heavy metals which have the potential to pollute the environment and endanger human health. On the other hand, the metal contents in the mud can be used as components to strengthen building materials such as brick. In this study, an investigation was carried out to check whether the risk of heavy metal contamination in the coal-mining mud can be minimized when the brick is produced. In addition, this study also tested whether the bricks produced from the utilization of the mud were strong enough to be used as construction materials. The results obtained indicate that metal contamination can be significantly minimized through the solidification process of brick products and is following the Indonesian national quality standards. This study also shows that even though the bricks meet the strength standard for the certain purpose applied in Indonesia, the utilization of coal-mining mud mixed with cement and sand was not sufficient to produce strong bricks even though the weight obtained was quite light.
“[S]he could not but do him the justice of feeling that there was a great deal of sentiment in his manner of naming Harriet”: Reported Speech and the Mind-Twist Plot in Jane Austen’s Emma
Authors: Brewer Kenneth L.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: While reported speech has traditionally been considered “lesser” than direct dialogue, recent theorists have begun to see indirect quotation as significant. Indirect quotation is particularly important in Jane Austen’s Emma, which contains three shocking plot twists. This paper explores how reading Emma as an example of the “mind-twist genre” reveals Austen’s use of certain techniques to deceive readers while also ensuring that readers do not feel unfairly tricked (“cheated”) when the novel’s twists are revealed.
Ten Things I Learned (or Remembered) about Research while Writing a Wikipedia Article
Authors: Caesar Cheryl L.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This paper discusses the lessons that can be learned from writing a Wikipedia article. In particular, the process can help teachers sympathize with a beginner’s mindset and experience in conducting research. Teachers can thereby modify their research assignments so not to overwhelm students. As well, writing such an article can help teachers better show their students the importance of gauging expectations of discourse communities and of exercising patience in open-ended inquiry.
The Genre of the Re-Text in Composition Studies
Authors: Kutney Joshua P.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay examines the publication histories of seven academic journals dating from 1930 to 2022 to identify a previously undocumented genre of commentary and analysis in composition studies: the “re-text” (for example, “reconceiving,” “rethinking,” “reimagining,” and so forth) These texts not only share common terminology but themes and narrative conventions. Scholars working within the genre believe that by clarifying the disciplinary structure of composition studies, we can improve the effectiveness of writing programs. As a result, re-texts frequently propose conceptual frameworks for organizing the field and its various projects.
Transformational Bodies in the Works of Angela Carter: From the Dark Corporeality of the Symptomatic Body to the Intercorporeality of Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Authors: McLaughlin Becky
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Phenomena such as agnosia, anorexia, body-integrity disorder, Morgellons disease, and phantom-limb syndrome compose the dark side of corporeality explored by Angela Carter in The Sadeian Woman , her treatment of the Marquis de Sade. These phenomena also testify to the malleability of the biological body. Considering Carter’s work, this paper asks whether the biological body is more pliable and fluid than we generally think. In short, might there exist, alongside the dark corporality of the symptomatic body, the possibility of a more felicitous transformation through Merleau-Ponty’s concept of intercorporeality?
Untitled, 1992, and: The Smell of Eucalyptus (#1), 2006, and: The Smell of Eucalyptus (#2), 2006, and: Ginny in Blue Shirt, 1968, and: Woman Writing
Authors: Chang Victoria
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “Untitled, 1992”: an ekphrastic poem on Joan Mitchell’s painting “Untitled, 1992” “The Smell of Eucalyptus (#1), 2006”: an ekphrastic poem on Louise Bourgeois’s painting “The Smell of Eucalyptus (#1), 2006” “The Smell of Eucalyptus (#2), 2006”: an ekphrastic poem on Louise Bourgeois’s painting “The Smell of Eucalyptus (#2), 2006” “Ginny in Blue Shirt, 1968”: an ekphrastic poem on Alice Neel’s painting “Ginny in Blue Shirt, 1968” “Woman Writing”: an ekphrastic poem on the painting “Woman Writing”
When the Navy Spills Jet Fuel in Your Drinking Water, and: The Nearest Body of Water Is My Grandmother, and: Floodskirt, and: Slang for Waterlogged Woman
Authors: RevIlla No‘u
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “How to light and fall”This poem is a sestina that ends in rippling water. On a smoke break at the back of a restaurant, it may not seem that these two women have much to give each other, yet both make small decisions throughout the poem to teach and be kind. As a poet, I am grateful for the wild generosity of small decisions. “When the navy spills jet fuel in your drinking water”This poem responds to the ongoing water crisis at Kapūkakī, or Red Hill, on the island of Oʻahu. In this poem, I consider different expectations of intimacy and separation as they relate to militarization in Hawaiʻi.
Geography of Forgetting
Authors: Wortman-Wunder Emily
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This personal essay explores the role of landscape loss in the development of dementia, exploring theories of landscape, memory, solastalgia and the ideas of Keith Basso through the lens of a white woman living on the Colorado Front Range. It examines the rapid urbanization of the I25 corridor and how the resulting mental dislocation may have contributed to a family member’s memory loss.
Bone Posing as Failed Ode to Francis of Assisi, and: Bone Roaming a Vacant, Rundown House
Authors: Archuleta Tommy
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “Bone Posing as Failed Ode to Francis of Assisi” is a poem about anxiety “Bone Roaming a Vacant, Rundown House” is a poem in the voice of God, reflecting on Noah, the ark, drought.
Losing It
Authors: Wood Anne-E.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Sent to the French countryside by their eccentric mother, an American teenager loses her little sister on the train.
Authoritarian Bloom, and: On Your Deathday, I Slept, and: Abecedarian (For Losing) , and: Dextrometh-Orphan, N. , and: Dextrometh-Orphan, V.
Authors: Brimmer L M
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “authoritarian bloom”: In this prose block poem a domestic scene of witnessing the Women’s March in 2017 unfolds and a desire for intimacy in the midst of authoritarianism’s rise is explored. “On your deathday, I slept”: In the three sections of this prose block poem the speaker is fixated into sleeplessness, rewatching YouTube videos of a newborn hippo. The poem includes the longing for an impossible maternal reunion. “abecedarian (for losing)”: This long-lined exploration of the surreal landscape of the redaction uses the abecedarian form, and a bit of a litany, to explore family history and the
Opening Statement, and: To Keep It a Cento
Authors: López Antonio
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “Opening Statement” considers racism, self-destruction “To Keep It a Cento” is a poem by Antonio Lopez
Pulling: 2024 AWP Intro Journals Project Winner, selected by Benin Lemus
Authors: Rivera Nyds L.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: In “pulling,” the narrator describes an emotional tarot card reading with their cousin, leading to spiritual discovery and familial connection.
Summer of Locusts, and: Mermaid at New Year
Authors: Talamantez J C
Published: November 2024

Abstract: “Summer of Locusts”: This poem deals with memory and domestic life. “Mermaid at New Year”: This poem concerns aging and nostalgia for lost friendships.
The Impact of Vaccines and Behavior on US Cumulative Deaths from COVID-19
Authors: Atkeson Andrew , Kissler Stephen
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: We estimate that the combination of changes in behavior to slow the spread of COVID-19 and the delivery of vaccines to a substantial majority of the American population by mid-2021 saved close to 800,000 American lives relative to what would have occurred had vaccines not been developed. We argue that the duration and magnitude of this behavioral response—and thus its overall success in delaying infections—came as a surprise, relative to both our historical experience with pandemic influenza and to model-based projections based on that experience. Thus, we take from our experience with COVID-19 over the past four years the important public health lesson that behavior change can be a powerful force for slowing the spread of a dangerous infectious respiratory disease for a long time. At the same time, these behavioral changes to slow the spread of COVID-19 came at a tremendous economic, social, and human cost. To avoid similar pain from mitigation in the next pandemic, we argue that we need to make investments now not only in vaccine development, but also in data infrastructure so that we can precisely target behavior-oriented mitigation efforts to minimize their economic and social impacts in the next pandemic.
The Evolution of Banking in the 21st Century: Evidence and Regulatory Implications
Authors: Hanson Samuel G. , Ivashina Victoria , Nicolae Laura , Stein Jeremy C. , Sunderam Adi , Tarullo Daniel K.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: As revealed by the failures of three regional banks in the spring of 2023, bank runs are not a thing of the past. To inform the ongoing discussion of the appropriate regulatory response, we examine trends in the banking industry over the last twenty-five years. On the liability side of bank balance sheets, deposits—and especially uninsured deposits—have grown rapidly. On the asset side, there has been a notable shift away from the information-intensive lending traditionally associated with banks and toward longer-term securities such as mortgage-backed securities and long-term Treasuries. These trends appear to be related, in the sense that banks with the most rapid growth in deposits have seen the biggest declines in loans as a share of assets. Thus, while the banks that failed in early 2023 were arguably extreme cases, they reflect broader trends, especially among larger banks. We construct a simple model to help assess the main regulatory options to reduce the risk of destabilizing bank runs—expanding deposit insurance and strengthening liquidity regulation—and argue that the industry trends we document favor the latter option. Using the model, we offer some design considerations for modifying the liquidity coverage ratio so as to require banks to pre-position sufficient collateral—largely in the form of short-term government securities—at the Federal Reserve's discount window to ensure they have enough liquidity to withstand a run on their uninsured deposits. We also comment briefly on some other regulatory implications of our findings, including for interest rate risk regulation and merger policy.
Daniel Defoe, England's Roads, and the Politics of Movement
Authors: Brown Michael
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Daniel Defoe's novels are informed by his fear of isolation. This article argues that his major work of travel writing, A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain (3 volumes, 1724–6), highlights a solution to this anxiety. The work is constructed around a sequence of thirteen tours that chart his movement through the varied landscapes and urban centers of the newly united kingdom. In this way, England specifically is characterized as a mobile society, accentuated by Defoe's close narration of the emerging toll road system. It is this concern with the infrastructure of roads and routeways that weaves together the southern kingdom and supports its economic development. Infrastructure provides the mechanism through which citizens of the realm congregate in towns and cities, which are in turn understood as places of social mixing and of political freedom.
To Talk Jesus Is to Talk Politics: The Protestant Church and Resistance in East Germany
Authors: Donoghue Ryan
Published: November 2024

precis: The events that led to the end of East Germany in late-1989 seemed to catch many observers in the West off guard as tens of thousands of people appeared on the streets of East Berlin and Leipzig in opposition to the country's ruling Socialist Union Party (SED). A closer analysis of the events of 1989 reveals what many would have thought to be an unlikely facilitator of resistance in a country founded on secular and Marxist-Leninist principles: the Protestant church. Decades of church persistence under socialism resulted in the SED's reluctantly granting the church a level of autonomy as a "church in socialism." This autonomy, coupled with the East German Protestant church's decentralized nature, enabled a small group of pastors practicing a Lutheran theology and inspired by the resistance of the Bekennede Kirche (Confessing Church) under the Nazi regime to provide a space for dissent that was out of reach of the state's pervasive security service, the Stasi. It was here, inside the churches' musty basements and crumbling walls, where a unique array of East German dissidents found refuge among pastors who provided sanctuary regardless of religious affiliation. Motivated by pacifist interpretations of scripture and reacting to what they saw as the increasing militarization of East German society, pastors and their churches provided the impetus for a nascent peace movement that would coalesce into the Peaceful Revolution of 1989. This investigation provides an inspiring example of ecumenical cooperation where religion and secularized society converged to bring an end to four decades of a divided Germany.
"Nothingness Will Save Me from Nothingness" or Kenosis, the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, and an Advaitic Panegyric of God and Abraham in Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling
Authors: Pratap Neelesh
Published: November 2024

precis: The universal sense of nothingness resident at the heart of the very conception of evil in existence is one of the primary problems with which all philosophy and theology must grapple. It is at the origin of creation stories universally. My proposal in this essay is to demonstrate that this nothingness is not a negative concept but, rather, is the "obverse" of fullness—experiential and mystical—and that the path to fullness must pass through nothingness, a path that is manifested epistemically in the form of apophasis and, in the ethical dimension, as kenosis, culminating in a realization of the nondual/advaitic nature of reality. Cutting across time and traditions, then, through a textual exegesis of the Principal Upanishads and Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling , I seek to delineate how both texts lead us, nondually, from nothingness to fullness. I formulate this hypothesis finally in the form of the following paradox: "Nothingness will save us from nothingness"—a formulation associated with the Japanese philosopher Keiji Nishitani.
High-speed 3D reconstruction with defocus composite fringes
Authors: Shen Suyuan , Lu Rongsheng , Li Hao , He Pan , Wan Dahang , Yin Jiajie
Published: November 2024

Fringe projection contouring is a widely used technique in various three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction applications. However, achieving high reconstruction precision typically requires the use of numerous projected patterns, which limits its practicality in dynamic scenes. To address this challenge, we utilized defocused fringes to significantly enhance the projection frame rate of projectors, enabling adaptation to high-speed environments. In this paper, we propose what we believe is a novel method that integrates defocusing technology with composite fringes and an optimization approach for defocusing composite fringes. Notably, our method achieves high-precision 3D reconstruction using only five patterns under slight defocusing. Furthermore, owing to the multifrequency information inherent in composite fringes, each image can be independently utilized for 3D reconstruction, effectively increasing the frame rate of the reconstruction process. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in generating low-bit composite fringes, achieving reconstruction speeds of up to 500 fps. The proven efficacy and efficiency of our approach make it a promising solution for high-speed 3D reconstruction in dynamic environments.
Performance of the ultraviolet laser transmitter during ESA’s Doppler wind lidar mission Aeolus
Authors: Lux Oliver , Lemmerz Christian , De Sanctis Valeria , Bravetti Paolo , Wernham Denny , Krisna Trismono Candra , Parrinello Tommaso , Reitebuch Oliver
Published: November 2024

The European Space Agency’s Aeolus mission was a groundbreaking achievement in Earth observation and space laser technology. Over its nearly five-year lifetime, the space-borne Doppler wind lidar instrument onboard Aeolus utilized two redundant ultraviolet (UV) lasers to measure atmospheric wind profiles globally, significantly enhancing the accuracy of numerical weather predictions. The laser transmitters were frequency-tripled, injection-seeded Nd:YAG systems, configured in a master oscillator power amplifier arrangement, generating single-longitudinal-mode pulses at 354.8 nm with a pulse duration of around 20 ns. Across the mission, both transmitters together generated more than 7⋅109UV laser pulses. The performance of both the nominal and redundant lasers was optimized and stabilized by carefully regulating their thermal environment, which influenced the laser energy depending on the emission frequency. At the optimum laser bench temperature, both lasers delivered stable UV output with pulse energies exceeding 60 mJ. The energy of the second laser, operational from June 2019 to October 2022, was further enhanced to over 100 mJ through step-wise increases in master oscillator pump power and adjustments of the amplifier pump phase. Following the mission’s operational phase, a series of tests was conducted close before the mission end-of-life (EOL) to address instrument-related questions. During these EOL activities, the laser power was boosted to more than 150 mJ for 20 days and even over 180 mJ for 33 h, setting a new, to the best of our knowledge, record for a UV space laser. Additionally, the frequency stability of the two lasers was evaluated, revealing detrimental impact from micro-vibrations caused by the satellite’s reaction wheels. EOL tests showed that adjustments to the master oscillator cavity control sequence significantly mitigated these effects, improving the laser frequency stability by a factor of two to better than 7 MHz (standard deviation over the period of one wind observation of 12 s). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the ALADIN laser transmitters’ architecture, operation, and performance during the Aeolus mission from 2018 to 2023, with a focus on energy and frequency stability improvements relevant to current and future space lidar missions such as EarthCARE and Aeolus-2.