bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumental mass-independent fractionation accounting for the sensitivity of the double spike proportion effect by MC-ICP-MS: a case study of Zn isotope measurements
Authors: Wang Chunhong , Zhu Xiang-kun , Li Jin , Zhu Zhiyong , Ma Jianxiong , Chen Yuelong
Published: April 2024

Mass-independent fractionation during Zn isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS is identified, which is responsible for the sensitive DS ratio effect. Using the correction method proposed, the results obtained are consistent with theoretical predictions.
A p-block dopant enables energy-efficient hydrogen production from biomass
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Tang Jiawei , Kong Chao , Yin Ruilian , Guo Wei , Dai Jiale , Wu Fangfang , Shi Wenhui , Cao Xiehong
Published: April 2024

Herein, we develop innovative p-block Bi-doped Co3O4 nanoflakes (Bi-Co3O4 NFAs) on nickel foam, which exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for both glucose oxidation (GOR) and H2 evolution reactions (HER).
Tuning the redox profile of the 6,6′-biazulenic platform through functionalization along its molecular axis
Authors: Kelsey Shaun R. , Griaznov Georgii , Spaeth Andrew D. , Janzen Daron E. , Douglas Justin T. , Thompson Ward H. , Barybin Mikhail V.
Published: April 2024

The one-step, two-electron reversible reduction of the 6,6′-biazulenic scaffold functionalized along its molecular axis is quantitatively tunable within a wide range of potentials.
An electron-insulating Li2O protection layer endowing a Li–Cu–Zn ternary alloy composite anode with high performance
Authors: Yi Linyun , Wang Zihao , Chen Xiaoxiao , Xing Jianxiong , Huang Hao , Wei Chaohui , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Aijun , Li Jingze
Published: April 2024

A schematic illustration of the fabrication and cycling processes of Li–Cu–Zn–O composite anode with lithiophilic and robust ternary alloy framework, where Li metal is deposited below Li2O protective layer, effectively inhibiting Li dendrites growth.
Lattice thermal conductivity of ZnO: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Dash Satyasiban , Padhan Prahallad
Published: April 2024

The lattice thermal conductivity (∼ 50.6 W m−1 K−1) of ZnO calculated from Raman thermometry parameters and experimental (3ω-method) Slack's coefficient is consistent with the theoretical value (∼ 50.9 W m−1 K−1) simulated using three-phonon scattering.
Understanding the origin of the high thermoelectric figure of merit of Zintl-phase KCaBi
Authors: Mandal Sampad , Ghosh Atish , Sarkar Pranab
Published: April 2024

Herein, we have investigated the unexplored thermoelectric properties of Zintl-phase KCaBi using first-principles calculation and the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation.
Ultrafine VN quantum dots modified with a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide anode material for enhanced rate capability and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Dong , Guo Zihan , Wang Zhiwei , Gao Yanfang
Published: April 2024

The excellent electrochemistry performance is attributed to vanadium nitride quantum dots (VNQDs) offering large capacity and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) acting as a conductive network and buffer skeleton.
Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon point modified 2D/2D (001)TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in water
Authors: Li Ting , Zou Qianqian , Wang Junhai , Li Qiang , Zhou Yumu , Tang Yulan
Published: April 2024

The synergistic photocatalysis effect of (001)TiO2/Ti3C2Tx modified by NPCDs.
Controlling nanoparticle-induced endothelial leakiness with the protein corona
Authors: Nandakumar Aparna , Tang Huayuan , Andrikopoulos Nicholas , Quinn John F. , Ding Feng , Ke Pu Chun , Li Yuhuan
Published: April 2024

Gold nanoparticle-induced endothelial leakiness and paracellular transport can be controlled or partially negated by preformed plasma protein coronas.
Freeze-crosslinking approach for preparing carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber/zirconium hydrogels as fluoride adsorbents
Authors: Sekine Yurina , Nankawa Takuya , Sugita Tsuyoshi , Nagakawa Yoshiyasu , Shibayama Yuki , Motokawa Ryuhei , Ikeda-Fukazawa Tomoko
Published: April 2024

An extremely simple and practical method for synthesizing tough carboxymethyl cellulose nonfiber/Zr hydrogels was developed.
Correction: Facile fabrication of a graphene-based chemical sensor with ultrasensitivity for nitrobenzene
Authors: Raza Ali , Ullah Zaka , Khalil Adnan , Batool Rashida , Haider Sajjad , Alam Kamran , Sonil Nazmina Imrose , Rouf Alvi Muhammad , Nazar Muhammad Faizan
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Facile fabrication of a graphene-based chemical sensor with ultrasensitivity for nitrobenzene’ by Ali Raza et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 9799–9804, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA08794H.
Some transient mechanical features of salt caverns behaviour
Authors: Karimi Jafari Mehdi , Brouard Benoit
Published: April 2024

In this paper, some remarkable aspects of transient mechanical behaviour of salt caverns are discussed. The salt reverse creep was observed in some laboratory and in-situ tests following a significant unloading. The salt mass stress evolution with time is responsible for a very long transient behaviour of salt caverns and hydro-fracturing at a pressure much smaller than that expected with elastic behaviour.
Research on Microlecture Construction of Computer Teaching in Universities
Authors: Li Jinli , Wei Zongxuan
Published: April 2024

With the advent of the era of big data, various education models adapted to informatization and modernization are emerging. Microlectures, as a new type of educational resource, are gradually being widely applied in the field of online education. This article introduces the characteristics and advantages of microlectures, and analyzes the issues that should be paid attention to in the construction of micro course resources, and proposes a construction plan. Taking the computer courses in universities as an example, an innovative teaching method based on microlecture technology is designed to build “micro” classrooms for university computer courses, ultimately improving teaching quality and efficiency. With the continuous development of technology, microlectures will play a more important role in future university teaching.
Promotion of Urban and Rural Educational Equity Through Online Education: A Case Study on Three Schools
Authors: Niu Xuefei
Published: April 2024

Under the guidance of social constructivist theory and by analyzing the interview materials of three schools, in this research, it was found that the level of education informatization in China was marked by significant imbalance between different regions, urban and rural areas, and the constructions of software and hardware before the outbreak of COVID-19; online education in the spring semester of 2020 has not narrowed the gap of education between different regions, urban and rural areas, and key and non-key schools, but instead, it has increased educational inequity in multiple dimensions. The differences in family education ability and informatization levels reinforced the unfair online education outcomes. It was proposed that in the future construction of education informatization, we should focus on meeting the needs of the construction of elementary and secondary schools in rural areas and less developed areas, investing in the construction of software, and improving the informatization literacy of elementary and secondary school teachers in rural and less-developed areas with a plan. We should also address the issue of educational capacity of parents and supporting facilities for families, and create a national mid- and long-term action plan to promote the gradual embedding of online education into the existing education system of elementary and secondary schools.
Teaching Reform of 《Applications of Excel in Accounting》 based on “PBL+MOOC” Mode
Authors: Luo Mingzhu , Xie Bei
Published: April 2024

With the updating of the concept of education and the innovative application of science and technology in the field of education, the education teaching mode is also iterative, for the current “Excel in Accounting” teaching mode is too traditional and other teaching status quo, this paper integrates the “PBL + MOOC” model to explore its reform design in the 《Applications of Excel in Accounting》 teaching and demonstrating the specific application of the actual teaching and learning, and finally through the analysis of the learner’s participation and completion of homework on the effectiveness of the implementation of this mode of teaching and learning evaluation, in order to improve the teaching effect and quality of the course.
The Integrated Application of Chinese Baijiu Culture and Storytelling in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language
Authors: Xiong Ye
Published: April 2024

The enhancement of intercultural communicative competence is emphasized as one of the objectives of Second Language Acquisition. Recognizing the cultural knowledge and spiritual values carried by the target language texts is an effective way to improve learners’ daily communicative competence and cultivate a sense of cultural identity. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Baijiu culture and its textual carriers also have unique teaching functions. This study applies the integration of Baijiu culture stories and storytelling pedagogy in the Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL) practice, for the purpose of exploring the effectiveness of Baijiu cultural story in Second-language acquisition(L2). Through theoretical analysis and teaching practice, it is found that the integrated application of Chinese Baijiu cultural story and storytelling method can comprehensively improve learners’ language skills and enable them to better engage in intercultural dialogue in an inclusive manner.
A research map analysis of methods to improve the happiness of Japanese older adults based on the context of big data
Authors: Yu Jizhe
Published: April 2024

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.
Optimising the Path of Professionalisation of the Management Team in Higher Education
Authors: Gao Lin , Chen Pei
Published: April 2024

Strengthening the professional construction of university management team and perfecting the training of professional talents is an important part of university management in the new period, and it is also the core force to implement the education policy and realize the modernization of education. Therefore, the construction of university management team is a systematic project. In the new period, we should strengthen the professional construction of university management team, optimize the construction ideas, explore the management methods, and strive to build a management team with excellent comprehensive quality, strong ability, high level, strong professionalism, innovation and vitality. Of course, in the in-depth exploration, we will face such problems as lack of attention from the leadership level, high pressure on the staff, little space for promotion, and high mobility of the staff. Combined with the characteristics of the development of colleges and universities in the new era and the requirements of education modernization, the article analyzes the current situation of college management team construction and the constraints that lead to the existing problems, and puts forward a series of measures to promote the professional construction of college and university management team in the hope of providing references for the professional construction of college and university management team.
Exploring and Rethinking Digital Humanities in Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Song Fenfen
Published: April 2024

In light of the accelerated global growth of digital humanities, an escalating number of inquiries and critiques have been directed towards this field. Consequently, it becomes imperative to scrutinize the rationality of digital humanities research through a philosophical lens and address prevalent criticisms. Studies underscore that positivist philosophy forms the underpinning for quantitative research within the humanities, while structuralist theory furnishes a mature framework and structural model for digital humanities research practices.Upon comprehensive examination of diverse critiques aimed at digital humanities, a consensus emerges. Scholars engaged in digital humanities research are advised to integrate quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. This integration should encompass the incorporation of diverse data sources, analytical techniques, and expressive forms. This approach facilitates the analysis and presentation of intricate, dynamic, and multifaceted phenomena within the humanities. Moreover, it is essential to merge information processing with knowledge creation to forestall the generation of spurious findings. This necessitates a concerted effort to fortify the quality assessment and management of data, as well as to identify and rectify errors and biases inherent in various datasets. Such measures collectively enhance the usability and accuracy of the data in the realm of digital humanities research.
Embodied Cognition and Scientific Game Design: An Innovative Approach to the Conservation of Critically Endangered Waterbirds
Authors: He Shuqi
Published: April 2024

Science popularization education is integrating into everyday life, with a growing emphasis on subjectivity and proactiveness. The emphasis on audience experience in science popularization game design aligns perfectly with the concept of ‘embodied cognition’, highlighting the crucial role of bodily perception in the cognitive process. This convergence provides a fresh perspective for science popularization. Critically endangered waterbirds represent a significant conservation group, yet their population continues to decline, lacking relevant popular science promotion and design. This study focuses on China’s critically endangered waterbirds, integrating and extracting information on their appearance, habits, living environment and survival threats. These elements form the foundational content of a popular science game, where game narratives are designed and integrated with sensory interaction. The aim is to develop and promote a prototype of a popular science game focusing on critically endangered waterbirds, introducing an embodied cognition perspective into popular science game design, thereby providing a broad and engaging exploration for animal conservation and science communication.
Theoretical and Empirical Research on Improving the Quality of Higher Vocational College Enterprise Cooperation Based on PDCA Cycle
Authors: Zhang Chao
Published: April 2024

The quality of school enterprise cooperation in vocational colleges is one of the important indicators for the quality of teaching practice in vocational colleges. Applying project management methods, technologies, and tools to school enterprise cooperation construction projects has significant advantages, which helps to ensure the quality of school enterprise cooperation construction projects under the “Double High Plan”. In this context, this article takes the construction project of the School of Finance and Economics Cooperation of Chengdu Vocational and Technical College as the research object, applies the PDCA cycle improvement theory of project quality management to the school enterprise cooperation of the School of Finance and Economics, analyzes the problems in the construction of the school enterprise cooperation project of the School of Finance and Economics, and proposes improvement suggestions, in order to explore an effective path for higher vocational colleges in finance and economics to promote the quality improvement of school enterprise cooperation projects.
Construction of Teachers Performance Evaluation Index System for Data-Driven Smart Classrooms in Secondary Schools
Authors: Li Xaiomeng
Published: April 2024

Smart classroom is a new teaching paradigm for the digital transformation of education, which utilizes methods such as audio and video intelligent recognition, model construction, and data mining to evaluate teaching effectiveness and quality, in order to achieve automatic and full process evaluation and feedback of teacher teaching quality. This article is based on the massive real-time audio and video data generated by smart classrooms. By mining the hidden patterns and values of educational and teaching data, and using the Delphi method to construct a data-driven performance evaluation index system for secondary schools smart classroom teachers, it can fully reflect the real performance of secondary schools teachers in the smart classroom, achieving a comprehensive, all staff, fair, and objective evaluation of secondary schools teachers, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional evaluation methods.
Empowering Government Services in the Digital Age: A Comprehensive Study of Information Science Performance Evaluation
Authors: Lu Ming
Published: April 2024

This academic paper conducts an in-depth investigation into the intricate domain of performance evaluation within information science as applied to government services. It meticulously examines the various methodologies and criteria employed for the meticulous assessment of the efficiency and efficacy of information-centric procedures within the public sector. Throughout the study, a profound emphasis is placed on the pivotal significance of data-driven decision-making, elucidating how information science serves as the linchpin for enhancing the delivery of government services. This research serves as a comprehensive exploration of the symbiotic relationship between information science and government services, shedding light on the pivotal role they play in shaping modern governance. By scrutinizing these aspects, we gain valuable insights into optimizing the functionality and impact of government services through the lens of data-driven decision-making.
Reading habit: A survey on seafarers
Authors: An Ji , Gao Rui
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reading conditions and preferences of seafarers. Surveys were distributed to 491 seafarers, and statistical analysis was conducted. The research findings indicate that the overall level of reading time and quantity among seafarers is significantly lower than the national average in China. Seafarers under the age of 25 with less than 1 year of work experience exhibit a higher willingness to read, while those aged 56 and above show the lowest inclination to read. As sea service years increase, the willingness to read decreases. Seafarers with higher education levels demonstrate the best reading habits, and those in higher positions with advanced education exhibit better reading methods. The main obstacles to seafarers’ reading are attributed to personal factors and external environmental influences. The primary purposes of seafarers’ reading include entertainment, problemsolving, self-improvement, and stress relief, with diverse content preferences. After understanding the purposes and needs of seafarers’ reading, a series of recommendations are proposed to enhance reading conditions.
Analysis of the staged changes in Occupational Identity Psychology of Flight Attendant Majors
Authors: Gao Yue , Bai Yuewei
Published: April 2024

Before entering university, flight attendant students, like the general public, have a shallow understanding of flight attendants’ work, consequently cultivating a vague professional identity. After becoming flight attendant students, their career identity psychology will undergo potential staged changes along with their experience accumulation before and after the internship, thus forming a potential career identity psychology. This article analyzes the characteristics of these changes and proposes suggestions for perceptual education, role model education, and goal education in order to help students ultimately form a stable and actual psychological identities, with the purpose of achieving consistency between vocational education and student career choices.
The Impact of ESG Performance on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises -- Based on Signal Transmission Theory
Authors: Wang Chenxi
Published: April 2024

Due to the presence of information asymmetry in various aspects of corporate management, the theory of signal transmission has been widely employed by scholars in disciplines such as management and economics, both in academia and practical applications. The theory emphasizes the transmission of signals to reduce information asymmetry in the market. It has been extensively studied and proven valuable in both domestic and international contexts. This paper explores the relationship between ESG performance and total factor productivity based on the signal transmission theory, examining the reasons for ESG formation and its impact on total factor productivity.
Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Comprehensive Learning System
Authors: Yuan Jie
Published: April 2024

With the flourishing development of artificial intelligence technology, the author has observed its successful applications in various fields and believes in its vast potential in the field of education. The author suggests that integrating the end-to-end learning system born out of this technology can address several industry pain points, such as significant individual differences among students, uneven distribution of educational resources, and limitations in assessment methods. This article provides a detailed introduction to the architecture and main functions of the system, including user interface and interactivity, as well as intelligent recommendation and customized learning paths. The core functionalities of intelligent recommendation and customization paths are highlighted, aiming to significantly enhance students' learning experiences and efficiency. The article also delves into the process of data integration and analysis, covering data collection and processing, as well as learning behavior analysis and model optimization.Furthermore, the article presents a preliminary simulation of the usage process, focusing on language learning, and discusses potential risks that may arise during the application, such as privacy protection, ownership of intellectual property rights, and the relationship between artificial intelligence and humans.
AgSCF3 Radical Addition Based on an Oxidant-Free α,β-Amide (Trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation Reaction
Authors: Li Yang , Li Zhi-Bo , Zhang Jin , Shi Yi-Ran , Li Hong , Yang Min-Ge , Zhu Wen-Qing , Fan Qiang-Wei
Published: April 2024

(Trifluoromethyl)sulfanylamides are an important class of organic compounds that are common among natural products and drug molecules. Here, we report a (trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation reaction using silver(I) (trifluoromethyl)sulfide as a free-radical (trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation reagent for β-amide compounds. This reaction does not require stoichiometric oxidants or additional transition-metal catalysts, and can be achieved by adding common organic acids. This method has excellent applicability and can accommodate several functional groups, including ester groups, acyl groups, and even bromo or iodo groups. Heterocyclic α,β-amides can also be readily converted into the corresponding products. This reaction also provides a new method for the synthesis of deuterated (trifluoromethyl)sulfanylamides.
Brain Wave Oscillations as an Objective Neurophysiological Biomarker of Homeopathic Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Teixeira Marcus Zulian
Published: April 2024

Background Homeopathy uses the “similitude principle” to arouse a therapeutic reaction in the body against its own disorders. For this to occur optimally, the medicinal pathogenetic effects must present similarity with the totality of the individual's symptoms. To assess if this similarity has been successfully achieved, Hahnemann states that “improvement in the disposition and mind”—i.e., subjective well-being—is the most important parameter to consider.

Aim Our aim was to perform a narrative review of the literature, exploring what is known about subjective well-being as a marker of therapeutic action, and to formulate ways in which subjective well-being might be quantifiable and applied in future homeopathy research.

Results The concept of subjective well-being has been extensively studied in the complementary and conventional medical literature. Improved well-being has been observed in clinical trials, including those in the fields of positive psychology and meditation. Positive subjective outcomes of this nature are supported by objective evidence through associated changes in brain oscillatory activity using electroencephalography and/or “brain mapping” by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurophysiological responses in the brain have been identified in subjects after they ingested a homeopathic medicine.

Conclusions The concept of subjective well-being is supported by a body of literature and is a measurable entity. When viewed from the perspective of electrophysiological changes, brain activity is an objective neurophysiological biomarker with a potential to quantify individual well-being in the context of homeopathy research.
How roundworm olfactory neurons help sniff out clues for decision-making enabled with novel device
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: April 2024

Understanding the neural mechanisms behind olfactory clues could provide insights into decision-making, addiction, substance abuse, and more.
Insights into hydrogen and methane storage capacities: Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of SIGSUA
Authors: Granja-DelRío A. , Cabria I.
Published: April 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the development of materials with efficient hydrogen and methane storage capacities is imperative, particularly for advancing hydrogen-powered vehicles. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates to meet the stringent targets set by the Department of Energy for both hydrogen and methane storage. This study employs Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the usable hydrogen and methane gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities of the recently synthesized SIGSUA. A comparative analysis encompasses the selected MOFs with similar metal compositions, those with comparable density and average pore radius, and classical benchmarks, such as IRMOF-15 and IRMOF-20, all evaluated at room temperature and moderate pressures ranging from 25 to 35 MPa. The results reveal that SIGSUA demonstrates noteworthy gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities for both hydrogen and methane, rivaling or surpassing those of the selected MOFs for analysis. These findings underscore the potential of SIGSUA in advancing clean energy storage technologies.
Substrate-independent thermal conductance of Al/graphene/dielectric interfaces from 80 to 300 K
Authors: Zheng Weidong , Shao Cheng , Zhang Chunwei , Guo Weijia , Li Hongkun
Published: April 2024

Despite the importance of physical understanding of interfacial thermal conductance (G) for metal/graphene (Gr)/dielectric interfaces, there exists a large discrepancy regarding the role of dielectric substrates in thermal transport across graphene interfaces in previous studies. In this work, we experimentally investigate the impact of dielectric substrates on thermal transport across metal/Gr/dielectric interfaces through accurately measuring G for various Al/Gr/dielectric interfaces over a temperature range of 80–300 K, using both standard time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and differential TDTR. We find that G of Al/Gr/dielectric falls within the range of 29–36 MW m−2 K−1 at room temperature and displays notably weak substrate dependence even with the dielectric Debye temperature ranging from 500 to 1050 K. This substrate independence is attributed to the dominant role of phonon transmission at metal/Gr interfaces in thermal transport across metal/Gr/dielectric interfaces, and the insignificant impacts of phonon density of states overlap on G for Gr/dielectric interfaces. Moreover, through the comparison of our measured G for both Gr/crystalline-Al2O3 and Gr/amorphous-Al2O3, we demonstrate that contrary to previous predictions, the crystalline and amorphous forms of dielectrics do not play a substantial role in thermal transport across graphene interfaces. Our work fills the gap in experimental data on G for metal/Gr/dielectric interfaces and provides valuable insights into physical understanding of thermal transport mechanisms across such interfaces.
An end-cloud collaboration for state-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on extended Kalman filter and convolutional neural network (CNN)—long short-term memory (LSTM)—attention mechanism (AM)
Authors: Jiang Pengchang , Wang Hongxiang , Huang Guangjie , Feng Wenkai , Xiong Mengyu , Zhao Junwei , Hua Wei , Zhang Yong , Wang Wentao , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces an innovative online state of charge (SOC) estimation method for lithium-ion batteries, designed to address the challenges of accurate and timely SOC estimation in electric vehicles under complex working conditions and computational limitations of on-board hardware. Central to this method is the concept of end-cloud collaboration, which harmonizes accuracy with real-time performance. The framework involves deploying a data-driven model on the cloud side for high-accuracy estimation, complemented by a fast model on the end side for real-time estimation. A crucial component of this system is the implementation of the extended Kalman filter on the end side, which fuses results from both ends to achieve high-accuracy and real-time online estimation. This method has been rigorously evaluated under various dynamic driving conditions and temperatures, demonstrating high accuracy, real-time performance, and robustness. The estimation results yield a root mean square error and mean absolute error of approximately 1.5% and 1%, respectively. Significantly, under the Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network framework, this method shows promising potential for extension to multi-state online cooperative estimation, opening avenues for advanced battery system management.
A uniform step size, low-voltage piezoelectric motor with dual-channel force loop
Authors: Li Hongen , Xia Zhigang , Zhang Liangliang , Zheng Jiaming , Zhang Jingjing
Published: April 2024

Recently, a variety of piezoelectric motors with remarkable performance have appeared. However, due to the hysteresis effect of piezoelectrics and stress return errors within the mechanical structures, the existing piezoelectric motors still face some challenges, such as inconsistent step size, high working voltage, and considerable speed variances during upward vs downward movements even under identical driving voltage signals. Here, we introduce a novel low-voltage piezoelectric motor with a dual-channel force loop based on piezoelectric stacks, in which each slider has two force loops connected with other sliders and the internal elastic preload element is installed, which can effectively address these issues. This new type of piezoelectric motor has low working voltage (starting voltage is only 0.8 V, significantly lower than that of conventional piezoelectric motors), large driving force, uniform step size, and excellent linearity.
Development of a 50 kV hydrogen–helium mixed ion beam implanter
Authors: Huang W. , Cai S. X. , Wang L. , Su Y. K. , Zhu K.
Published: April 2024

Ion implanters have extensively been employed to simulate the irradiation effects of neutrons on relevant nuclear materials. In this study, a 50 kV hydrogen–helium mixed ion beam implanter was developed to generate H2+ and He+ ion beams, with a beam current of 20 µA, while keeping the impurity ion content below 2%. The ions are generated by an antenna-type 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source, and the hydrogen-to-helium ion beam ratio was controlled using two gas mass flow controllers to ensure long time stability of the beam current. As a result, the H2+/He+ ratio, beam size, and homogeneity of the beam spot can be maintained at a stable level. The beam line consisted of four Wien filters, a movable dual-slit plate, and an accelerator tube. The experimental results demonstrated successful transport of more than 20 µA of H2+ and He+ ion beams onto the target, with a beam axis deviation of less than 0.5 mm.
Dynamic responses of a semi-submersible wind turbine platform subjected to focused waves with viscous effects
Authors: Yang Qingshan , Zhang Yuhao , Li Tian , Law Siu-seong , Zhou Xuhong , Wu Teng , Kwon Soon-Duck
Published: April 2024

In most previous studies on the dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines, regular wave conditions are assumed in the analysis with the inviscid flow theory. The focused waves, however, have not been considered even though they may have larger wave heights and more concentrated energies, in general, to cause more significant responses in a floating platform. In this study, the characteristics of the dynamic responses of a semi-submersible wind turbine platform subjected to focused waves are studied using a sliding mesh technique with the three-dimensional shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model. Effects of wave steepness, fluid viscosity, and wave nonlinearity on the dynamic responses are investigated. The high-order wave loading in the transverse direction is found significant under high wave steepness conditions. The viscous effects of fluid notably aggravate the pitch and surge dynamics of the floating platform compared to those from under the inviscid flow conditions. Due to the nonlinear characteristics of the focused wave, the floating platform is found to experience a long vibration period and slow drift dynamics in the surge direction after the focused time with significant fluctuation.
Age and physical activity status of Australian volunteer firefighters: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Borg David N. , Moore Daniel , Stewart Ian B.
Published: April 2024

Background There have been concerns of an aging Australian volunteer firefighter workforce. Aims To (1) determine the age distribution of Australian volunteer firefighters; (2) estimate the proportion of volunteer firefighters who met the Australian physical activity guidelines; (3) investigate the relationship between age and physical activity and exercise in volunteer firefighters. Methods An online survey was electronically distributed to Rural Fire Service volunteers in Queensland, Australia. The survey included demographic and physical activity questions. National guidelines were used to determine whether respondents met the Australian physical activity recommendations. The relationships between age and weekly physical activity and weekly exercise minutes were modelled using Bayesian methods. Key results The median age of responders (n = 480) was 54 years. Compared with Australian population data, volunteer firefighters were four times more likely to meet the physical activity guidelines and the exercise-only guidelines, but 1.4 times more likely to not meet the strength-based activity guidelines. Number of weekly physical activity minutes declined with age, by 61 min each decade. Conclusions Volunteers were more likely to meet the national physical activity and exercise-only guidelines, but less likely to meet the strength-based activity guidelines. Implications Volunteer firefighters could benefit from outreach programs that promote participation in strength-based training.
Quantifying the accuracy of location data and spatial ecology inferences from GPS tags in two rare, co-occurring turtle species differing in habitat use
Authors: Hulbert Austin C. , Carter Sarah E. , Streby Henry M. , Refsnider Jeanine M.
Published: April 2024

Context GPS tags have revolutionised the field of wildlife spatial ecology by providing a large number of animal location datapoints at a very fine spatial scale. Although GPS tags have been used on large animals for several decades, it is only recently that technological advances have allowed lightweight GPS tags to be deployed on small animals with limited travel distances. Importantly, factors such as canopy cover, topography, and tag orientation can affect the ability of GPS tags to obtain satellite fixes, which can subsequently affect the accuracy of recorded locations. Aims If not corrected for, biases in location data obtained from GPS tags could lead to erroneous inferences regarding animals’ habitat use, home-range sizes, and movement paths, which could reduce the effectiveness of conservation efforts based on such inferences. Methods Here, we used a double-sampling method (i.e. GPS tags and ground-truthing with radio-telemetry) and quantified the effects of habitat characteristics and data screening on the accuracy of location data obtained from GPS tags deployed both in stationary tests and on wild eastern box turtles and spotted turtles, which co-occur at our study sites but use different habitat types. Key results We found that canopy cover reduced both the number and accuracy of locations obtained from GPS tags, that dense ground vegetation decreased the fix success rate of GPS tags, and that GPS tags were ineffective when submerged underwater. We further showed that using a simple method to screen data and exclude low-accuracy locations is essential if locations obtained from GPS tags are used to make inferences about a species’ habitat use or spatial ecology. Conclusions Screening data to reduce location error is particularly important for animals with small home-range sizes and short travel distances because a small number of erroneous locations can introduce substantial bias in inferences regarding a species’ space use. Implications We encourage researchers to report measures of error (i.e. location error, horizontal dilution of precision, number of satellites received) for GPS location data and to employ data-screening methods to exclude low-accuracy locations and improve the reliability of published animal location data, and the inference drawn there from.
Dual modifying of MAVS at lysine 7 by SIRT3-catalyzed deacetylation and SIRT5-catalyzed desuccinylation orchestrates antiviral innate immunity
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhu Chunchun , Jia Shuke , Deng Hongyan , Tang Jinhua , Sun Xueyi , Zeng Xiaoli , Chen Xiaoyun , Wang Zixuan , Liu Wen , Liao Qian , Zha Huangyuan , Cai Xiaolian , Xiao Wuhan
Published: April 2024

To effectively protect the host from viral infection while avoiding excessive immunopathology, the innate immune response must be tightly controlled. However, the precise regulation of antiviral innate immunity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that sirtuin3 (SIRT3) interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to catalyze MAVS deacetylation at lysine residue 7 (K7), which promotes MAVS aggregation, as well as TANK-binding kinase I and IRF3 phosphorylation, resulting in increased MAVS activation and enhanced type I interferon signaling. Consistent with these findings, loss of
Sirt3
in mice and zebrafish renders them more susceptible to viral infection compared to their wild-type (WT) siblings. However,
Sirt3
and
Sirt5
double-deficient mice exhibit the same viral susceptibility as their WT littermates, suggesting that loss of
Sirt5
in
Sirt3
-deficient mice may counteract the increased viral susceptibility displayed in
Sirt3
-deficient mice. Thus, we not only demonstrate that SIRT3 positively regulates antiviral immunity in vitro and in vivo, likely via MAVS, but also uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism by which SIRT3 acts as an accelerator and SIRT5 as a brake to orchestrate antiviral innate immunity.
Differences in enantiomeric diffusion can lead to selective chiral amplification
Authors: Gillet Jean , Geerts Yves , Rongy Laurence , De Decker Yannick
Published: April 2024

A fundamental question associated with chirality is how mixtures containing equal amounts of interconverting enantiomers can spontaneously convert to systems enriched in only one of them. Enantiomers typically have similar chemical properties, but can exhibit distinct reactivity under specific conditions, and these differences can be used to bias the system’s composition in favor of one enantiomer. Transport properties are also expected to differ for enantiomers in chiral solvents, but the role of such differences in chiral symmetry breaking has not been clarified yet. In this work, we develop a theoretical framework to show that asymmetry in diffusion properties can trigger a spontaneous and selective symmetry breaking in mixtures of enantiomers. We derive a generic evolution equation for the enantiomeric excess in a chiral solvent. This equation shows that the relative stability of homochiral domains is dictated by the difference of diffusion coefficients of the two enantiomers. Consequently, deracemization toward a specific enantiomeric excess can be achieved when this difference is large enough. These results hold significant implications for our understanding of chiral symmetry breaking.
Echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox Vulpes vulpes from the East Carpathian region of Poland and the Slovak Republic
Authors: Dubinský P. , Malczewski A. , Miterpáková M. , Gawor J. , Reiterová K.
Published: April 2024

The occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis in the Poland–Slovak frontier zone of the East Carpathian region was assessed, for comparison with that in adjacent regions in both countries. A total of 392 red foxes from Poland and 427 red foxes from the Slovak Republic were examined from 2001 to 2004. Significant differences in prevalences were observed in foxes captured from the borderland and adjacent zones in both countries. The mean prevalence of E. multilocularis in the Polish borderland reached 45.7±18.6% and in the Slovak border 35.0±10.7%. In both countries, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes from adjacent districts, outside the frontier Carpathian region, was considerably lower (18.9±9.2% in Poland and 20.8±9.0% in Slovakia). These differences are probably due to geomorphological and ecological factors, which contribute to the survival of the tapeworm eggs and the subsequent spread of infection. The Carpathian regions of northeast Slovakia and southeast Poland are characterized by specific climatic conditions such as low mean annual air temperatures, low temperatures in active soil surfaces, high soil humidities and a high mean annual rainfall.
Reduced interface effect of proton beam irradiation on the electrical properties of WSe2/hBN field effect transistors
Authors: Ko Seongmin , Shin Jiwon , Jang Juntae , Woo Jaeyong , Kim Jaeyoung , Park Jaehyoung , Yoo Jongeun , Zhou Chongwu , Cho Kyungjune , Lee Takhee
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors are emerging as strong contenders for electronic devices that can be used in highly radioactive environments such as outer space where conventional silicon-based devices exhibit nonideal characteristics for such applications. To address the radiation-induced interface effects of TMDC-based electronic devices, we studied high-energy proton beam irradiation effects on the electrical properties of field-effect transistors (FETs) made with tungsten diselenide (WSe2) channels and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN)/SiO2 gate dielectrics. The electrical characteristics of WSe2 FETs were measured before and after the irradiation at various proton beam doses of 1013, 1014, and 1015 cm−2. In particular, we demonstrated the dependence of proton irradiation-induced effects on hBN layer thickness in WSe2 FETs. We observed that the hBN layer reduces the WSe2/dielectric interface effect which would shift the transfer curve of the FET toward the positive direction of the gate voltage. Also, this interface effect was significantly suppressed when a thicker hBN layer was used. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the physical separation of the WSe2 channel and SiO2 dielectric by the hBN interlayer prevents the interface effects originating from the irradiation-induced positive trapped charges in SiO2 reaching the interface. This work will help improve our understanding of the interface effect of high-energy irradiation on TMDC-based nanoelectronic devices.
Implementation of modified P&O and an adaptive fuzzy logic controller based MPPT tracking system under partial shading and variable environmental conditions
Authors: Eshete Firdos Ahmed , Samajdar Dip Prakash , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2024

Most of the conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithms provide the finest efficiency during uniform irradiation conditions, but under variable irradiation or partial shading condition (PSC), the performance deteriorates and the solar PV system is unable to provide the maximum electricity out of the PV Modules. This degradation in performance occurs due to the presence of numerous local maximum power points (LMPP) and a single global maximum power point (GMPP) in the power versus voltage (P-V) characteristics and the perfect tracking of these LMPP is not possible with the prevailing MPPT algorithms. In order to eradicate this shortcoming, we have proposed the implementation of an adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique by employing a boost converter with variable resistive load under uniform irradiance condition (UIC), dynamic atmospheric conditions (DAC) and PSC in this article. We also demonstrated the usage of a simple and improved P&O algorithm by employing a buck boost converter for faster tracking time. These two suggested approaches of FLC and P&O incorporate a variable load scenario and a stable load scenario respectively to address the problem of output voltage oscillation in a PV-based system. The FLC is designed to adjust the dynamic change in step size based on the rate of change of the yield power of the PV panel to reduce oscillations in output of the boost converter and the PV system. According to the results of this analysis, the recommended FLC-based P&O (FLC-P&O) algorithm outperforms the proposed P&O algorithm under DAC and PSC with respect to tracking speed, steady-state error, and dynamic response. Apparently, it can be concluded that the proposed FLC-P&O technique can be applicable to real-time systems for reliable and efficient operation of the boost converter and add to the stability and simplicity of the contemporary PV-based systems.
Vortex breakdown in the small Mach number regimes
Authors: Dhurandhar Shesh N , Sharma Manjul , Mohan Vishnu , Sameen A
Published: April 2024

The effect of compressibility for flow inside the cylinder with the top rotating lid (Vogel-Escudier flow) is examined. Three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations for compressible flow in Cartesian coordinates are used to simulate the flow using open-source OpenFOAM software. The Mach number (Ma) of the flow is varied from 0.1 to 0.3, and the Reynolds number

(
Re
)

is varied from 1000 to 5000 for a fixed aspect ratio (Γ = 2.5) of the cylinder. The flow is found to have a transition from a steady axisymmetric state to a non-axisymmetric state exhibiting multiple azimuthal waves as the Mach number and the Reynolds number are varied. The flow field changes significantly with an increase in Ma for unsteady flow at higher Re. An increase in Ma increases the side wall azimuthal instability, as found in the perturbation contour plots and time series analysis. Further, we reconstruct phase portraits to show the dynamics of the flow finally becoming chaotic as the Reynolds number is increased to 5000. Finally, we support the argument with Lyapunov exponents for the higher Re samples. The Lyapunov Exponent is found to increase with Ma.