bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Family and School in Securing Psychological Well-Being of Primary School Children
Authors: Karabanova O.A.
Published: November 2019

The paper reviews the age spicific form of psychological well-being in primary school age as the result of the acquisition of a new social position and role of student that, according to C. Ryff, is the essence of psychological adaptation of the child to school. The research was aimed at exploring the conditions of psychological adaptation to school in chidlren as a process that promotes psychological well-being at this age. The research goals were as follows: to explore the character and dynamics of school adaptation in first-graders; to compare the notions of successful adaptation in teachers and parents; to study the relationship between successful psychological adaptation to school and a) the features of the internal position of student, b) the type of parenting style. The sample consisted of 122 first-graders (7—8 years old) and 110 parents. It was empirically proven that all components of psychological well-being in primary school children, namely: positive relations in the form of cooperation in joint educational activities with the teacher and peers; self-acceptance represented in the form of internal position of student as self-identification with the social role of the student; competence as mastering the means of learning activity and autonomy as an independent implementation of the latter; important goals in the form of meaningful acceptance of learning objectives; personal growth, expressed in the content and pace of individual progress in personal and metacognitive development — all these are determined by the psychological readiness of teachers and parents to transform their relationships with the child and to establish adequate forms of educational cooperation. It is argued that disharmonious types of parenting styles interfere with the child’s psychological adaptation to school.
Experiences in Different Activities: Temporal Dynamics and Construct Validity
Authors: Klein K.G. , Leontiev D.A. , Kostenko V.Y. , Osin E.N. , Taranenko O.A. , Kosheleva N.V.
Published: November 2019

This study aims to clarify the methodological status of the category “activity experience”. A sample of the study consists of first-year students of a Moscow university. Study 1 (N = 104) attended by respondent aged 17 to 28 years (M = 18.30; SD = 1.40), 82% are female, and in study 2 (N = 93), aged 17 to 28 20 years old (M = 18.02; SD = 0.61), 55% are female. Study 2 includes three measurements of activity-related experiences with an interval of 10—15 days. We use the Activity-Related Experience Assessment (AREA), the Universal Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (UPLOC), the Responsibility Scale, and a brief version of the Psychological Health Continuum. The results of the study demonstrate that the activity-related experiences are neither personality traits, that are inherent in the individual regardless of situations, nor emotional states that change over time. Evidence of reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the Activity-Related Experiences Assessment Scale is given. The measure of academic success is better predicted not by those experiences that are manifested during study activities, but those that arise along on the way to university. There is a slight effect of the influence of time on the measure of effort.
Along‐Arc Heterogeneity in Local Seismicity across the Lesser Antilles Subduction Zone from a Dense Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Network
Authors: Bie Lidong , Rietbrock Andreas , Hicks Stephen , Allen Robert , Blundy Jon , Clouard Valerie , Collier Jenny , Davidson Jon , Garth Thomas , Goes Saskia , Harmon Nick , Henstock Tim , van Hunen Jeroen , Kendall Mike , Krüger Frank , Lynch Lloyd , Macpherson Colin , Robertson Richard , Rychert Kate , Tait Stephen , Wilkinson Jamie , Wilson Marjorie
Published: November 2019

The Lesser Antilles arc is only one of two subduction zones where slow‐spreading Atlantic lithosphere is consumed. Slow‐spreading may result in the Atlantic lithosphere being more pervasively and heterogeneously hydrated than fast‐spreading Pacific lithosphere, thus affecting the flux of fluids into the deep mantle. Understanding the distribution of seismicity can help unravel the effect of fluids on geodynamic and seismogenic processes. However, a detailed view of local seismicity across the whole Lesser Antilles subduction zone is lacking. Using a temporary ocean‐bottom seismic network we invert for hypocenters and 1D velocity model. A systematic search yields a 27 km thick crust, reflecting average arc and back‐arc structures. We find abundant intraslab seismicity beneath Martinique and Dominica, which may relate to the subducted Marathon and/or Mercurius Fracture Zones. Pervasive seismicity in the cold mantle wedge corner and thrust seismicity deep on the subducting plate interface suggest an unusually wide megathrust seismogenic zone reaching ∼65  km depth. Our results provide an excellent framework for future understanding of regional seismic hazard in eastern Caribbean and the volatile cycling beneath the Lesser Antilles arc.
The Oklahoma Geological Survey Statewide Seismic Network
Authors: Walter Jacob I. , Ogwari Paul , Thiel Andrew , Ferrer Fernando , Woelfel Isaac , Chang Jefferson C. , Darold Amberlee P. , Holland Austin A.
Published: November 2019

The Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS) monitors seismicity throughout the state of Oklahoma utilizing permanent and temporary seismometers installed by OGS and other agencies, while producing a real-time earthquake catalog. The OGS seismic network was recently added to the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) as a self-supporting regional seismic network, and earthquake locations and magnitudes are automatically reported through U.S. Geological Survey and are part of the ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog. In Oklahoma, before 2009, background seismicity rates were about 2 M 3.0+ earthquakes per year, which increased to 579 and 903 M 3.0+ earthquakes in 2014 and 2015, respectively. After seismicity peaked, the rate fell to 624, 304, and 194 M 3.0+ earthquakes in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. The catalog is complete down to M 2.2 from mid-2014 to present, despite the significant workload for a primarily state-funded regional network. That astonishing uptick in seismicity has been largely attributed to wastewater injection practices. The OGS provides the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, the agency responsible for regulating oil and gas activities within the state, with technical guidance and earthquake products that inform their “traffic-light” mitigation protocol and other mitigating actions. We have initiated a citizen-scientist-driven, educational seismometer program by installing Raspberry Shake geophones throughout the state at local schools, museums, libraries, and state parks. The seismic hazard of the state portends a continued need for expansion and densification of seismic monitoring throughout Oklahoma.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kasti Modifikaasi Terhadap Nilai Kerjasama pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Jaenudin Muhamad Ade , Suherman Adang , Komarudin Komarudin
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bermula dari permasalahan permainan tradisional yang sekarang kurang mendapat tempat sebagai olahraga tradisional dalam kancah pendidikan jasmani.  Permainan ini memiliki unsur mendidik kerjasama yang baik, tetapi ada kelemahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Untuk mengurangi kelemahan tersebut dilakukan penelitian permainan kasti modifikasi dan dilihat pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan kerjasmana siswa sekolah dasar (kalas rendah). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa kelas satu sampai tiga yang dipilih secara acak dari populasi. Siswa diberikan perlakukan kasti modifikasi selama 16 kali pertemuan. Dilakukan pre test dan post test untuk mengetahui hasil penelitian yang dilakukan. Tes kerjasama dipergunakan lembar observasi yang dilakukan oleh dua Orang judge. Hasil tes kerjasama setelah mendapatkan perlakukan dan sebelum mendapatkan perlakukan ternyata mengalami perbedaan yang signigikan 0.000 dengan uji T. Rata-rata sebelum dilakukan perlakukan adalah 37,6 dan setelah perlakukan 45,2.Kata kunci: Pendidikan jasmani, Kasti modifikasi, Kerjasama, Siswa sekolah dasar
Effectiveness of a combination of anti-pigmentary products in facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Authors: Nayak Chitra S. , Ansari Saba M. M. , Salve Vrushali , Patil Shweta
Published: November 2019

Background: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), also has psychosocial implications. Hydroquinone containing preparations though effective, have unacceptable side effects. Molecules like kojic acid, arbutin, vitamins C and E, niacinamide and many others have depigmenting effect, singly or in combination. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of a cream containing a combination of niacinamide-4.0%, glycolic acid-2.0%, vitamin E acetate-0.1%, kojic acid dipalmitate-2.0%, soy isoflavones-0.5%, arbutin-2.0%, pterowhite-0.12%, licorice-40% CA-0.12%, ascorbyl glucoside-0.1% (Melaglow-Rich, Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in treatment of PIH. The specific objectives were to evaluate the changes in pigmentation, safety of the cream and patient opinion regarding the cream after 90 days of use.

Methods: After IEC approval, adult males and non-pregnant, non-lactating females aged upto 50 years with PIH were included. Those with endocrinopathies who received systemic steroid therapy in the preceding month were excluded. 114 participants who were enrolled in this open-label, non-comparative study, applied study medication (b.i.d) and sunscreen (SPF-30; q.d). Effectiveness was assessed by PIH severity scale, Mexameter assessment, Patients’ and Physicians’ Global Assessment Scale and clinical photographs. Adverse events were documented.

Results: Mean PIH score and mean mexameter reading for melanin and erythema in the hyperpigmented and non-hyperpigmented skin reduced by day 90 (p=0.0009, p<0.0001, p<0.001). Significant reduction in physicians’ (p=0.004) and patients’ (p=0.006) global assessment score was evident by day 90. Itching (n=1), burning (n=3) and stinging (n=3) were noted.

Conclusions: Melaglow rich cream was found to be effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of PIH.
Formulation of the inverse problem of calculating the optical surface for an illuminating beam with a plane wavefront as the Monge–Kantorovich problem
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Doskolovich L.L. ,   Samara National Research University, Mingazov A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Bykov D.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Bezus E.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2019

A problem of calculating a refractive surface that forms a required irradiance distribution in the far field in the case of a plane illuminating beam is considered. We show that this problem can be formulated as a mass transportation problem. The specific form of the cost function for this problem is obtained. It is shown that with a certain choice of coordinates, the cost function becomes quadratic. The resulting mass transportation problem also describes a problem of calculating a mirror, which can be considered as a special case of the problem of calculating a refractive surface.
Determination of microrelief of the sample by singular beams superposition
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Institute of Physics and Technology, Sokolenko B. , Shostka N. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Scientific Research department, Karakchieva O. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Scientific Research department, Volyar A.V. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Institute of Physics and Technology, Poletayev D. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: November 2019

In present paper we propose easy way to implement method of interfering vortices with opposite topological charge for the real time determination of the thickness and information about the surface of studied samples with the resolution up to 7 nanometers. The determination of the characteristics of the medial cross-section of submicron-objects becomes possible due to phase sensitivity of interfering singular beams to the slightest changes in the optical path difference between them. The dependence of rotational angle of resulting interference pattern in case of different sample thickness for two singular beams superposition is considered in detail.
Application of the coupled classical oscillators model to the Fano resonance build-up in a plasmonic nanosystem
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Golovinski P.A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Yakovets A.V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Khramov E.S. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)
Published: November 2019

We study the excitation dynamics of Fano resonance within the classical model framework of two linear coupled oscillators. An exact solution for the model with a damped harmonic force is obtained. Details of the growth of a Fano profile under the harmonic excitation are shown. For an incident ultra-wideband pulse, the reaction of the system becomes universal and coincides with the time-dependent response function. The results of numerical calculations clarify two alternative ways for the experimental measurement of complete characteristics of the system: via direct observation of the system response to a monochromatic force by frequency scanning or recording the time-dependent response to a d-pulse. As a specific example, the time-dependent excitation in a system consisting of a quantum dot and a metal nanoparticle is calculated. Then, we show the use of an extended model of damped oscillators with radiative correction to describe the plasmon Fano resonance build-up when a femtosecond laser pulse is scattered by a nanoantenna.
Imaging systems based on generalized lenses
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Vasilev V.S. , Skidanov R.V. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Ganchevskaya S.V. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: November 2019

We consider the possibility of using generalized lenses in imaging optical systems. We propose using two generalized lenses in a system similar to a Fourier-correlator to obtain a point-to-point mapping, where the second lens is set so that a plane wave is also formed at the output of the system when the incident wave is plane. We show that for generalized lenses with a small deviation of their degree from 2, such a system forms a fairly high-quality image. We use a standard radial photographic chart to test the system, which allows us to determine its key optical characteristics.
Investigation of optical glass characteristics under the influence of space factors
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Kalaev М.P. , Telegin А.М. ,   Samara National Research University, Voronov K.E. ,   Samara National Research University, Lixiang Jiang ,   Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Jilong Jiao ,   Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a DF-OPTICS device that the present authors designed for the experimental study of changes in the optical properties of a glass whose surface is exposed to high-speed flows of micron-sized dust particles. The device allows the scattering indicatrix and the spectral transmittance to be automatically measured at each point of the sample with a 0.5-mm increment. Advantages of the developed device include small dimensions and the ability to work in vacuum, allowing it to be used in an accelerator chamber to simulate outer space factors. Experimental results for the K-8 glass put in a microparticle accelerator and bombarded by an aluminum powder PAP-1 with a characteristic size of 1-3 µm and speeds of 2-8 km / s are presented. The device makes it possible to measure the change of the spectral transmittance of transparent materials in the UV and RGB regions with an accuracy of 0.005%, which exceeds the sensitivity of some known spectrophotometers.
Embedded students? Can libraries benefit from students having work placements in the library in planning library instruction?
Authors: Johannessen Hilde Terese Drivenes
Published: November 2019

This article discusses how students can be more integrated in developing library instruction and what advantages that can provide for librarians planning their teaching. The students seem to have a different starting point as to how important the librarians’ knowledge of the subject at hand is and whether or not library instruction should be an integrated part of the course.
Multicriteria Optimization of the Catalytic Reforming Reactor Unit Using the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zainullin R. Z. , Zagoruiko A. N. , Koledina K. F. , Gubaidullin I. M. , Faskhutdinova R. I.
Published: November 2019

The study is devoted to multicriteria optimization of the operation of the reactor unit intended for reforming of oil fractions. The optimization is based on the earlier developed mathematical model, which can take into account changes in the temperature and molar consumption of the reaction mixture during chemical transformations, the composition of the feedstock being processed, and the circulation quality and ratio of the hydrogen-containing gas. The following criteria are used in such optimization: octane number, yield of the target product (reformate), content of the sum of aromatic hydrocarbons, and content of benzene. The optimization was implemented using Pareto approximation with the genetic algorithm. Temperatures at the reactor inlets served as the control parameters. As a result of optimization, the sum content of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases from 56 to 45 wt.%, and the octane number measured by the research method (RON) decreases from 92.7 to 90.7 points. The three-criteria optimization is also considered; it provides a decrease in the benzene content from 4 to 3.08 wt.% with a decrease in RON from 92.7 to 91.8 points. In both cases, the decrease in the octane number is admissible, taking into account the fulfilled requirements to the limiting content of benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons in the reformate.
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A REVIEW OF PANEL DATA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Tri Basuki Agus , Purwaningsih Yunastiti , Mulyanto  , Susilo A. M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: This research aims to empirically prove the composition of local government expenditure (education, health, marine and fisheries, agriculture, and general allocation fund) on economic growth in 18 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2015. Methodology: The model used in this research is panel data regression. The use of panel data in regression can provide more information that cannot be provided by cross-section or time-series data, and provides the best solution for inferring dynamic changes than cross-section data. Main Findings: The findings in this study are foreign investment has no influence on economic growth. Fiscal policies that are carried out are not effective in encouraging economic growth, and the use of the General Allocation Fund is not on target. Applications of this study: Foreign investment must be a trigger for the local economy and the national economy by means of foreign investment in Indonesia which is prioritized using raw materials and local labour, so that dependence on imported raw materials can be minimized. To overcome leakage of development budget must implement a budgeting system that is oriented towards organizational output and is very closely related to the organization's vision, mission, and strategic plan. The use of general allocation funds needs to be monitored by certain institutions and prioritizing public interest.
Cousinia gigantosphaera Rech, f. (Asteraceae-Compositae); Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nden Yeni Bir Bitki Türü Kaydı
Authors: FİDAN Mehmet , PINAR Süleyman Mesut , EROĞLU Hüseyin
Published: November 2019

Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan
Şırnak ilinde 2018-2019 yılları arasında Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğa Koruma
ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü kontrolünde “Şırnak İlinin Karasal ve İç Su
Ekosistemleri Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Envanter İzleme Projesi” yapılmıştır. Bu
proje kapsamında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında toplanan Cousinia cinsine ait bazı örneklerin Türkiye’de bulunan
taksonlardan farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu örneklerin detaylı ve
karşılaştırmalı teşhisi ile Cousinia
gigantosphaera Rech.f olduğu anlaşılmış ve 
Türkiye’den (Şırnak, Beytüşşebap) ilk defa kayıt altına alınmıştır.
Escola Industrial de Teresina (1950)
Authors: Mitre Amanda Bianco , Teixeira Marina Lages Gonçalves
Published: November 2019

O artigo discorre sobre o desenvolvimento do ensino industrial no Brasil durante a primeira década do século XX e as relações e transformações da arquitetura utilizada nestes espaços. Tomando como foco de análise a Escola Industrial de Teresina, expõe-se as origens das atividades ligadas ao ensino profissional industrial, sua integração ao plano nacional pelo estabelecimento do decreto nº 7.566, de setembro de 1909 e a estruturação das atividades nos edifícios ao longo das décadas seguintes. Busca-se realizar uma análise aprofundada do projeto elaborado em 1950 pelos arquitetos Renato Soeiro, Thomaz Estrela, Jorge Ferreira e Renato Mesquita para a Escola Industrial de Teresina em termos de: programa, estética, relações entre os espaços, utilização da arquitetura moderna e sua incidência em publicações especializadas nacionais e internacionais do período como a revista Arquitetura e Urbanismo, do IAB; a revista francesa L’architecture D’aujourd’hui e o livro Modern Architecture in Brazil, de Henrique Mindlin.
Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland
Authors: O’Hagan Zachary , Chousou-Polydouri Natalia , Michael Lev
Published: November 2019

The question of where Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) was spoken has been a point of considerable debate. Both northeastern and southwestern Amazonian homelands having been proposed, with evidence from both archaeology and linguistic classification playing key roles in this debate. In this paper we demonstrate that the application of linguistic migration theory to a recent phylogenetic classification of the Tupí-Guaraní family lends strong support to a northeastern Amazonian homeland.
Interpretação dos gestores da região de Campinas sobre a alimentação escolar
Authors: Nogueira Rosana Maria , Villar Betzabeth Slater , Barone Bruna , Guimarães Kátia Regina Leoni Silva Lima de Queiroz , Behrens Jorge Herman
Published: November 2019

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma política pública de atendimento universal aos alunos das escolas públicas brasileiras e tem suas rotinas e procedimentos bem definidos. A Lei Federal nº 11.947 de 2009 foi um grande avanço após décadas de ações e investimentos públicos e assim este estudo objetivou revelar, analisar e compreender os conhecimentos, interpretações, e práticas dos Secretários Municipais da Educação e Nutricionistas – Responsáveis Técnicos; os gestores dos programas municipais de alimentação escolar da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), em relação à legislação que o define. O estudo teve abordadem qualitativa realizado por meio de entrevistas com os gestores do PNAE nos municípios da RMC em 2014 e 2015. Para a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. O discurso dos secretários de educação revelou seu papel político, muitas vezes demonstrando desconhecimento sobre a dimensão e sobre a legislação de referência do programa de alimentação escolar. O discurso dos nutricionistas demonstrou dificuldade em seguir a legislação de referência do PNAE por questões técnicas ou falta de preparo. De forma geral, os discursos dos gestores revelaram uma interpretação assistencialista da alimentação escolar, diferentemente do que propõe o PNAE. A representação social de alimentação escolar entre os gestores é a denominação “merenda”, embora reconheçam que este conceito seja ultrapassado. Observa-se a necessidade de atualização dos gestores públicos e melhor capacitação, assim como a inclusão de disciplinas voltadas à area de gestão de políticas públicas no currículo dos cursos de nutrição.
Newton's Shear Flow Applied to Infiltration and Drainage in Permeable Media
Authors: Germann Peter F.
Published: November 2019

The paper argues that universal approaches to infiltration and drainage in permeable media that pivot around capillarity and that led to dual porosity, non-equilibrium, or preferential flow need to be replaced by a dual process approach. One process has to account for relatively fast infiltration and drainage based on Newton's shear flow, while the other one is responsible for storage and relatively slow redistribution of soil water by focusing on capillarity. Already Schumacher (1864) postulated two separate processes. However, Buckingham's (1907) and Richards' (1931) apparent universal capillary-based approach to flow and storage of water in soils dominated. The paper introduces the basics of Newton's shear flow in permeable media. It presents experimental support for the four presumptions of (i) sharp wetting shock fronts; (ii) that move with constant velocities; (iii) atmospheric pressure prevails behind the wetting shock front; (iv) laminar flow. It further discusses the scale tolerance of the approach, its relationship to Darcy's (1856) law, and its extension to solute transport.
Las Competencias Profesionales y el Objeto en Diseño Industrial como Parte de la Formación del Diseñador en Cuba
Authors: Castellanos-Uralde Marlen , Ríos-Alonso Raúl Alejandro
Published: November 2019

La formación del diseñador a nivel universitario alcanza diversos niveles y teorías a escala internacional, y los modelos de enseñanza van desde el apego al arte hasta tendencias ingenieriles. En Cuba, la formación de los diseñadores parte de una estructura general: el genoma del diseñador, donde se definen esferas de actuación para cada carrera, y los modos de actuación de pregrado a posgrado. La formación actual se construye a partir del cumplimiento de objetivos, sin embargo, no se niega la veracidad de teorías con- temporáneas, como la formación por competencias. Varias son las investigaciones en este tema que se han desarrollado en el marco del Instituto Superior de Diseño de Cuba (ISDi), declarando así las competencias necesarias para ambas ramas del diseño (comunicación visual e industrial) y muchas esferas declaradas en este genoma. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de la investigación correspondiente a las com- petencias profesionales a generar en el futuro diseñador de objetos en Cuba. La propuesta resultante es una solución estructural que define nueve competencias y tiene en cuenta la relación de conocimientos, habilidades y cualidades para la estructuración de la formación en la esfera objeto, lo que facilita su futura aplicación en programas formativos o de evaluación profesional a nivel laboral.
Capturing Racial Pathology: American Medical Photography in the Era of Jim Crow
Authors: Kenny Stephen C.
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on the untapped, complicated, fragile, and fluid visual archives of the elite White surgeon Rudolph Matas, a large proportion of which was produced during the late 19th and early 20th century, a time when he was a resident at New Orleans’ Charity Hospital in Louisiana and a professor of general and clinical surgery at Tulane University’s Medical Department. The article’s main aim is to understand the role of visual materials in the production, uses, circulation, and impact of a form of knowledge that Matas termed “racial pathology.” A small but representative sample of visual materials from the Matas collection are placed in context and examined in order to make known this untold chapter from the life story of “one of the great pioneers” in American surgery. The article reveals that many of the photographs were most significant in having been produced and assembled in parallel with the making, publication, dissemination, reception, and use of Matas’ racialized medical research, in particular his influential 1896 pamphlet, The Surgical Peculiarities of the American Negro.
Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs—Massachusetts, 2015–2018
Authors: Alpren Charles , Dawson Erica L. , John Betsey , Cranston Kevin , Panneer Nivedha , Fukuda H. Dawn , Roosevelt Kathleen , Klevens R. Monina , Bryant Janice , Peters Philip J. , Lyss Sheryl B. , Switzer William M. , Burrage Amanda , Murray Ashley , Agnew-Brune Christine , Stiles Tracy , McClung Paul , Campbell Ellsworth M. , Breen Courtney , Randall Liisa M. , Dasgupta Sharoda , Onofrey Shauna , Bixler Danae , Hampton Kischa , Jaeger Jenifer Leaf , Hsu Katherine K. , Adih William , Callis Barry , Goldman Linda R. , Danner Susie P. , Jia Hongwei , Tumpney Matthew , Board Amy , Brown Catherine , DeMaria Alfred , Buchacz Kate
Published: November 2019

Objectives. To describe and control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods. The investigation included people diagnosed with HIV infection during 2015 to 2018 linked to 2 cities in northeastern Massachusetts epidemiologically or through molecular analysis. Field activities included qualitative interviews regarding service availability and HIV risk behaviors.

Results. We identified 129 people meeting the case definition; 116 (90%) reported injection drug use. Molecular surveillance added 36 cases to the outbreak not otherwise linked. The 2 largest molecular groups contained 56 and 23 cases. Most interviewed PWID were homeless. Control measures, including enhanced field epidemiology, syringe services programming, and community outreach, resulted in a significant decline in new HIV diagnoses.

Conclusions. We illustrate difficulties with identification and characterization of an outbreak of HIV infection among a population of PWID and the value of an intensive response.

Public Health Implications. Responding to and preventing outbreaks requires ongoing surveillance, with timely detection of increases in HIV diagnoses, community partnerships, and coordinated services, all critical to achieving the goal of the national Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.
Assessing for Cardiotoxicity from Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants with Advanced Multimodality Imaging Techniques
Authors: Berber Reshid , Abdel-Gadir Amna , Rosmini Stefania , Captur Gabriella , Nordin Sabrina , Culotta Veronica , Palla Luigi , Kellman Peter , Lloyd Guy W. , Skinner John A. , Moon James C. , Manisty Charlotte , Hart Alister J.
Published: November 2019

Background:

High failure rates of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants prompted regulatory authorities to issue worldwide safety alerts. Circulating cobalt from these implants causes rare but fatal autopsy-diagnosed cardiotoxicity. There is concern that milder cardiotoxicity may be common and underrecognized. Although blood metal ion levels are easily measured and can be used to track local toxicity, there are no noninvasive tests for organ deposition. We sought to detect correlation between blood metal ions and a comprehensive panel of established markers of early cardiotoxicity.

Methods:

Ninety patients were recruited into this prospective single-center blinded study. Patients were divided into 3 age and sex-matched groups according to implant type and whole-blood metal ion levels. Group-A patients had a ceramic-on-ceramic [CoC] bearing; Group B, an MoM bearing and low blood metal ion levels; and Group C, an MoM bearing and high blood metal-ion levels. All patients underwent detailed cardiovascular phenotyping using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with T2*, T1, and extracellular volume mapping; echocardiography; and cardiac blood biomarker sampling. T2* is a novel CMR biomarker of tissue metal loading.

Results:

Blood cobalt levels differed significantly among groups A, B, and C (mean and standard deviation [SD], 0.17 ± 0.08, 2.47 ± 1.81, and 30.0 ± 29.1 ppb, respectively) and between group A and groups B and C combined. No significant between-group differences were found in the left atrial or ventricle size, ejection fraction (on CMR or echocardiography), T1 or T2* values, extracellular volume, B-type natriuretic peptide level, or troponin level, and all values were within normal ranges. There was no relationship between cobalt levels and ejection fraction (R = 0.022, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.185 to 0.229) or T2* values (R = 0.108, 95% CI = −0.105 to 0.312).

Conclusions:

Using the best available technologies, we did not find that high (but not extreme) blood cobalt and chromium levels had any significant cardiotoxic effect on patients with an MoM hip implant. There were negligible-to-weak correlations between elevated blood metal ion levels and ejection fraction even at the extremes of the 95% CI, which excludes any clinically important association.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Rate of Acute Kidney Injury After Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Low but Increases Significantly in Patients with Specific Comorbidities
Authors: Gharaibeh Kamel A. , Hamadah Abdurrahman M. , Sierra Rafael J. , Leung Nelson , Kremers Walter K. , El-Zoghby Ziad M.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and risk factors associated with the development of acute kidney injury after total hip arthroplasty, including the perioperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Methods:

We retrospectively collected the demographic and comorbidity data of all patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty between 2004 and 2014 at our institution (n = 8,949). We conducted analyses of the entire cohort and a nested case-control subset. Subjects who developed acute kidney injury were matched by age, sex, and year of surgical procedure to subjects without acute kidney injury. Variables associated with acute kidney injury were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results:

The mean patient age (and standard deviation) was 64.6 ± 13.8 years, 48.6% of patients were male, and 114 cases (1.1%) developed acute kidney injury, mostly stage 1 (79%). Variables associated with acute kidney injury included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.4 per decade; p < 0.001), male sex (OR, 1.78; p = 0.005), chronic kidney disease (OR, 4.6; p < 0.001), heart failure (OR, 4.5; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 2.1; p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR, 2.1; p = 0.007). The results were consistent in the case-control analysis. NSAIDs were not associated with acute kidney injury (OR, 1.26; p = 0.36), but were avoided in subjects at risk, making any interpretation difficult because of confounding. A risk model for acute kidney injury after total hip arthroplasty was developed for clinical use and had good discrimination (area under the curve, 0.82; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The rate of acute kidney injury after total hip arthroplasty is low, but increases significantly, from <1% to >20%, in those with several independent risk factors present preoperatively. Increasing awareness of these risk factors may help to decrease the risk of acute kidney injury after total hip arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pulsatile Lavage of Musculoskeletal Wounds Causes Muscle Necrosis and Dystrophic Calcification in a Rat Model
Authors: Chiaramonti Alexander M. , Robertson Astor D. , Nguyen Thao P. , Jaffe David E. , Hanna E. Lex , Holmes Robert , Barfield William R. , Fourney William L. , Stains Joseph P. , Pellegrini Vincent D.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Adequate irrigation of open musculoskeletal injuries is considered the standard of care to decrease bacterial load and other contaminants. While the benefit of debris removal compared with the risk of further seeding by high-pressure lavage has been studied, the effects of irrigation on muscle have been infrequently reported. Our aim in the present study was to assess relative damage to muscle by pulsatile lavage compared with bulb-syringe irrigation.

Methods:

In an animal model of heterotopic ossification, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hindlimb blast amputation via detonation of a submerged explosive, with subsequent through-the-knee surgical amputation proximal to the zone of injury. All wounds were irrigated and underwent primary closure. In 12 of the animals, pulsatile lavage (20 psi [138 kPa]) was used as the irrigation method, and in the other 12 animals, bulb-syringe irrigation was performed. A third group of 6 rats did not undergo the blast procedure but instead underwent surgical incision into the left thigh muscle followed by pulsatile lavage. Serial radiographs of the animals were made to monitor the formation of soft-tissue radiopaque lesions until euthanasia at 6 months. Image-guided muscle biopsies were performed at 8 weeks and 6 months (at euthanasia) on representative animals from each group. Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin and eosin, alizarin red, and von Kossa staining on interval biopsy and postmortem specimens.

Results:

All animals managed with pulsatile lavage, with or without blast injury, developed soft-tissue radiopaque lesions, whereas no animal that had bulb-syringe irrigation developed these lesions (p = 0.001). Five of the 12 animals that underwent blast amputation with pulsatile lavage experienced wound complications, whereas no animal in the other 2 groups experienced wound complications (p = 0.014). Radiopaque lesions appeared approximately 10 days postoperatively, increased in density until approximately 16 weeks, then demonstrated signs of variable regression. Histological analysis of interval biopsy and postmortem specimens demonstrated tissue damage with inflammatory cells, cell death, and dystrophic calcification.

Conclusions:

Pulsatile lavage of musculoskeletal wounds can cause irreversible insult to tissue, resulting in myonecrosis and dystrophic calcification.

Clinical Relevance:

The benefits and offsetting harm of pulsatile lavage (20 psi) should be considered before its routine use in the management of musculoskeletal wounds.
Pembudayaan Literasi Kritis
Authors: Rahman Yurni , Atjalau Cutri
Published: November 2019

This research has a long-term goal, namely how to apply the culture of critical literacy in the face of globalization so that students are able to compete at the national level and even at the global level. This research method is an explanatory research process. Information about Literacy Management in the face of globalization. Can conclude that students only read interest in 1-2 times each week. This requires special attention from teachers and parents in encouraging children / students to be more interested in reading at least reading textbooks taught in school. When it is considered normal, then the child will never be able to point to other good things, and the knowledge he has will be very narrow, whereas when children want to do literacy critically, then their thinking will be broad, sociable, sociable and be responsive to what happens.
Shifting Care from Hospital to Community, A Strategy to Integrate Care in Singapore: Process Evaluation of Implementation Fidelity
Authors: Nurjono Milawaty , Shrestha Pami , Ang Ian Yi Han , Shiraz Farah , Eh Ke Xin , Toh Sue-Anne Ee Shiow , Vrijhoef Hubertus Johannes Maria
Published: November 2019

Background: Accessibility to efficient and person-centered healthcare delivery drive healthcare transformation in many countries. In Singapore, specialist outpatient clinics (SOCs) are commonly congested due to increasing demands for chronic care. To improve this situation, the National University Health System (NUHS) Regional Health System (RHS) started an integrated care initiative,the Right-Site Care (RSC) program in 2014. Through collaborations between SOCs at the National University Hospital and primary and community care (PCC) clinics in the western region of the county, the program was designed to facilitate timely discharge and appropriate transition of patients, who no longer required specialist care, to the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the NUHS RHS RSC program using the modified Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity (CFIF), at three distinct levels; providers, organizational, and system levels to explain outcomes of the program and to inform further development of (similar) programs. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods study using the realist evaluation approach was used. Data were collected between 2016-2018 through non-participatory observations, reviews of medical records and program database, together with semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers. Triangulation of data streams was applied guided by the modified CFIF. Results: Our findings showed four out of six program components were implemented with low level of fidelity, and 9,112 suitable patients were referred to the program while 3,032 (33.3%) declined to be enrolled. Moderating factors found to influence fidelity included: (i) complexity of program, (ii) evolving providers’ responsiveness, (iii) facilitation through synergistic partnership, training of PCC providers by specialists and supportive structures: care coordinators, guiding protocols, shared electronic medical record and shared pharmacy, (iv) lack of organization reinforcement, and (v) mismatch between program goals, healthcare financing and providers’ reimbursement. Conclusion: Functional integration alone is insufficient for a successful right-site care program implementation. Improvement in relationships between providers, organizations, and patients are also warranted for further development of the program.
A modified intrascleral intraocular lens fixation technique with fewer anterior segment manipulations: 27-gauge needle-guided procedure with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures
Authors: Yang Yuan , Yao Tengteng , Zhou Yali , Wang Yixiao , Wang Zhaoyang
Published: November 2019

Background: To report a modified surgical technique for intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation with fewer anterior segment manipulations in eyes lacking sufficient capsular support.
Methods: Eyes from 14 patients who underwent 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures were studied. The 8-0 absorbable sutures were inserted into 27-gauge round needles and used to create sclerotomies at the 4 o’clock and 10 o’clock positions under the scleral flap. The sutures were used to tie knots at the end of each haptic and guide haptic externalization through the sclerotomy. After externalization, a sufficient flange was created at the end of each haptic and fixed under the scleral flaps. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), IOL tilt and decentration, previous surgery history, and complications were determined.
Results: Fourteen cases were analyzed. The majority of eyes exhibited an improvement in the BCVA after surgery. When comparing the last follow-up to preoperative visual acuity, the mean change in BCVA was + 26.32 letters (p=0.011). Postoperative complications included postoperative hypotony in 3 eyes, ocular hypertension in 2 eyes. No cases of postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME), vitreous hemorrhage (VH), IOL dislocation, or endophthalmitis were observed.
Conclusions: The 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation technique with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures is easy to perform with fewer anterior chamber manipulations and achieves both anatomical and optical stability.
A modified intrascleral intraocular lens fixation technique with fewer anterior segment manipulations: 27-gauge needle-guided procedure with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures
Authors: Yang Yuan , Yao Tengteng , Zhou Yali , Wang Yixiao , Wang Zhaoyang
Published: November 2019

Background: To report a modified surgical technique for intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation with fewer anterior segment manipulations in eyes lacking sufficient capsular support. Methods: Eyes from 14 patients who underwent 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures were studied. The 8-0 absorbable sutures were inserted into 27-gauge round needles and used to create sclerotomies at the 4 o’clock and 10 o’clock positions under the scleral flap. The sutures were used to tie knots at the end of each haptic and guide haptic externalization through the sclerotomy. After externalization, a sufficient flange was created at the end of each haptic and fixed under the scleral flaps. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), IOL tilt and decentration, previous surgery history, and complications were determined. Results: Fourteen cases were analyzed. The majority of eyes exhibited an improvement in the BCVA after surgery. When comparing the last follow-up to preoperative visual acuity, the mean change in BCVA was + 26.32 letters (p=0.011). Postoperative complications included postoperative hypotony in 3 eyes, ocular hypertension in 2 eyes. No cases of postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME), vitreous hemorrhage (VH), IOL dislocation, or endophthalmitis were observed. Conclusions: The 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation technique with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures is easy to perform with fewer anterior chamber manipulations and achieves both anatomical and optical stability.