bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of an LNG Carrier Port State Control Inspection Knowledge Graph by a Dynamic Knowledge Distillation Method
Authors: Gan Langxiong , Yang Qihao , Xu Yi , Mao Qiongyao , Liu Chengyong
Published: February 2025

The Port State Control (PSC) inspection of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers is crucial in maritime transportation. PSC inspection requires rapid and accurate identification of defects with limited resources, necessitating professional knowledge and efficient technical methods. Knowledge distillation, as a model lightweighting approach in the field of artificial intelligence, offers the possibility of enhancing the responsiveness of LNG carrier PSC inspections. In this study, a knowledge distillation method is introduced, namely, the multilayer dynamic multi-teacher weighted knowledge distillation (MDMD) model. This model fuses multilayer soft labels from multi-teacher models by extracting intermediate feature soft labels and minimizing intermediate feature knowledge fusion. It also employs a comprehensive dynamic weight allocation scheme that combines global loss weight allocation with label weight allocation based on the inner product, enabling dynamic weight allocation across multiple teachers. The experimental results show that the MDMD model achieves a 90.6% accuracy rate in named entity recognition, which is 6.3% greater than that of the direct training method. In addition, under the same experimental conditions, the proposed model achieves a prediction speed that is approximately 64% faster than that of traditional models while reducing the number of model parameters by approximately 55%. To efficiently assist in PSC inspections, an LNG carrier PSC inspection knowledge graph is constructed on the basis of the recognition results to quickly and effectively support knowledge queries and assist PSC personnel in making decisions at inspection sites.
Hydrology Modulates the Microplastics Composition and Transport Flux Across the River–Sea Interface in Zhanjiang Bay, China
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Peng , Lu Jing , Chen Yuanting , Zhang Jibiao
Published: February 2025

Estuaries act as significant pathways for plastic waste entry into the oceans, with microplastics (MPs) being intricately influenced by river and coastal hydrodynamics. MPs become entrapped within estuaries during transport, particularly at the river–sea interface, which impacted by tidal fluctuations. However, few studies have examined the role of the impacts of tidal variations on microplastic abundance and export flux at the river–sea interface across contrasting hydrological regimes (dry vs. wet seasons). In this study, we conducted observations to assess MPs abundance, composition, and flux in the Suixi Estuary of Zhanjiang Bay, China The results indicated an overall mean abundance of MPs of 91.1 ± 75.0 items/L, which was linked to tidal variations, decreasing during high tides and increasing during low tides. Transparent color, fibrous shape, and a size range of 100–330 μm were the most prevalent characteristics in water samples. MPs diversity was higher during the wet season compared to the dry season. In addition, the MPs influx was about 1.61 × 109 items/year from the river to the sea across both seasons. Additionally, hydrological regimes, tidal forces, and human activities were identified to influence MPs abundance and flux. This quantitative analysis establishes a mechanistic framework for understanding hydrological impacts on estuarine MPs transport, providing critical baseline data for developing targeted pollution management strategies in coastal ecosystems.
Study on Connectivity of Fractured-Vuggy Marine Carbonate Reservoirs Based on Dynamic and Static Methods
Authors: Zhang Yintao , Lin Chengyan , Ren Lihua , Sun Chong , Li Jing , Wang Zhicheng , Xu Guojin
Published: February 2025

Fractured-vuggy marine carbonate reservoirs, as an unconventional energy resource, hold significant potential for exploration and development. In this study, the Manshen block of the Furman oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, was selected as the research object. A systematic investigation was conducted on the types of marine carbonate reservoir bodies, production characteristics, and both static and dynamic connectivity. Static connectivity analysis was performed using the heat diffusion equation and the multi-source potential field method. Dynamic connectivity evaluation was carried out by combining the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Well logging, core analysis, and cast-thin section experiments were utilized to determine the types of reservoir spaces. The results indicate that the main types of reservoir spaces in the study area are caves, pores, and fractures. The fractures are primarily structural, with secondary development of dissolution fractures, weathering fractures, and sutures. The productivity changes in oil wells in the study area are classified into three types: slow decline, rapid decline, and high-speed decline. Based on the connectivity coefficients, wells were divided into three connectivity groups, with the A32 well group having the highest connectivity, followed by B5 well group 1, and B5 well group 2 having the lowest connectivity. The research provides technical support for the accurate evaluation of marine carbonate reservoirs and contributes to enhancing the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.
How Do Virtual Influencers Affect Consumer Brand Evangelism in the Metaverse? The Effects of Virtual Influencers’ Marketing Efforts, Perceived Coolness, and Anthropomorphism
Authors: Gulan Maja , Feng Yuanyue , Mvondo Gustave Florentin Nkoulou , Niu Ben
Published: February 2025

Modern commercial organizations have started to embrace the metaverse platform as a new channel for marketing their products and services. As prominent brand representatives, virtual influencers are responsible for strengthening consumer–brand connections in the metaverse. However, the ways in which virtual influencers contribute to consumers’ brand fidelity and evangelistic behaviors remain unknown. To address this gap, this work explores the essential factors that impact consumers’ intention to trust virtual influencers in the metaverse, purchase the products that they promote, and engage in brand evangelistic behaviors. Specifically, a new framework is developed that integrates metaverse virtual influencers’ marketing efforts, perceived coolness, anthropomorphism, brand evangelism, and brand fidelity into a comprehensive conceptual research model. Survey results obtained from 713 respondents in the US demonstrate that marketing efforts, perceived coolness, and anthropomorphism positively influence brand evangelism. The findings also indicate that consumers’ brand fidelity encourages brand evangelism and mediates the relationship between virtual influencers’ features, marketing efforts, and consumers’ brand evangelistic behavior. This study’s significance lies in its focus on the evolving marketing dynamics in the metaverse. It considers how virtual influencers’ features and marketing efforts impact consumers’ brand-related attitudes and behaviors in the metaverse, offering valuable insights for the advancement of metaverse marketing research and practice.
Landscape, Environmental, and Socioeconomic Impacts of an Invasive Bird Species: The Yellow-Legged Gull (Larus michahellis) in the Natural Park Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, Southeastern Spain)
Authors: Ballesteros-Pelegrín Gustavo , Sánchez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Albacete Alfonso
Published: February 2025

The yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) increased its population throughout the 20th century in its worldwide distribution area. In the Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar, the population increased from having two breeding pairs in 1993 to 676 pairs in 2010 and from a wintering population of approximately 100–200 individuals in the 1980s to 1500–2000 individuals recorded in the 2010s, which has led to changes in habitats due to guano deposition, bird predation, incidents involving workers, and salt production. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of L. michahellis on the landscape, habitats, waterfowl, salt production, and workers, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of control activities. Censuses of wintering L. michahellis have been carried out between 1990 and 2021, of nesting aquatic birds between 1994 and 2021, and nests and eggs of L. michahellis have been eliminated between 2000 and 2021. The result has been a decrease in pairs of L. michahellis, recovery of waterfowl populations, colonization of new bird species, absence of incidents with workers, and reduction in damage to salt production. Importantly, to reach a definitive solution, measures should be adopted to prevent L. michahellis from accessing the main sources of human food: urban solid waste dumps, aquaculture farms, and fish discards.
Optimizing Lung Cancer Diagnostics: Insights from a Fast-Track Program in a Complex Healthcare Setting
Authors: Scanagatta Paolo , Bertolini Alessandro , Naldi Giuseppe , Antoniazzi Francesca , Inzirillo Francesco , Giorgetta Casimiro Eugenio , Ravalli Eugenio , Ancona Gianluca , Cagnetti Sara , Barbonetti Claudio , Stangoni Fabiano
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with diagnostic delays significantly impacting patient outcomes. Despite advancements in diagnostic strategies, inefficiencies persist, particularly in geographically complex regions with limited healthcare resources. The Fast-Track Program was developed to address these challenges in lung cancer diagnostics within the geographically complex and resource-limited Valtellina region. This prospective observational study compared patients managed under the Fast-Track pathway (May–August 2024) with those following standard diagnostic procedures (January–April 2024). The program integrated structured, pre-scheduled diagnostic slots, a rotating Case Manager role, and weekly multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions to enhance coordination and reduce diagnostic timelines. Results showed a significant reduction in the mean time to definitive diagnosis from 42.9 days (95% CI: 35.6–50.3) in the control group to 25.0 days (95% CI: 20.8–29.3) in the Fast-Track cohort (p < 0.001). Patient adherence to diagnostic pathways improved from 71% to 92% (p < 0.05), while satisfaction scores increased from 64% to 89%, with patients rating their experience as “very good” or “excellent” (p < 0.05). Although the predefined clinical significance criteria were not fully met, the program demonstrated a favorable trend toward improved efficiency and patient-centered care. These findings support the feasibility and scalability of structured diagnostic workflows in streamlining lung cancer diagnostics, with potential implications for broader oncological and chronic disease management in resource-constrained healthcare settings.
Adhesion Characteristics of an Asphalt Binder–Aggregate Interface Based on Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Xiang Hao , Wang Zhengxing , Deng Mingyang , Tan Silu , Liang Haoning
Published: February 2025

To investigate the adhesion properties of asphalt binder–aggregate interfaces, contact angle tests were performed on base, aged, and SBS# asphalt with limestone and basalt aggregates. A molecular dynamics simulation model was established to analyze interfacial adhesion characteristics. The results indicate good consistency between the experimental and molecular dynamics simulation findings. SBS# asphalt exhibited superior surface free energy and adhesion properties compared with base asphalt, whereas aging reduced the adhesion performance. The interfacial energy between the asphalt and aggregates is closely related to their molecular compositions. When moisture penetrates the asphalt mixture, the interfacial energy between limestone and asphalt significantly increases, compared with that of basalt, with SBS# asphalt exhibiting stronger adhesion than base asphalt. The modifier enhanced the adhesion between the asphalt and aggregates, thereby providing resistance to moisture damage. The findings of this study possess referential value for the selection, modification, and performance optimization of asphalt pavement materials.
Research on the Improvement of High-Temperature Performance of Asphalt by Waste Scallop Shell Powder
Authors: Chen Yi , Cheng Xuejiao , Gong Fangyuan , Fang Bingjie , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

In order to utilize a large amount of waste scallop shells in road engineering and develop environmentally friendly and high-performance asphalt, the impact of scallop shell powder (SSP) on the high temperature performance of base asphalt and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt was evaluated in this study. The effects of SSP on the conventional properties of base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt were investigated according to penetration, softening point, ductility, and rotational viscosity at 135 °C, and recommended dosing amounts were given, respectively. The high-temperature rheological properties of SSP-modified asphalt were evaluated according to temperature sweep and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) tests. The modification mechanism of SSP-modified asphalt was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that an appropriate amount of SSP can effectively improve the consistency and shear deformation resistance of base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt but can also affect the ductility and fatigue cracking resistance. The recommended weight amounts of SSP in base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt were 9% and 12%, respectively. Moreover, SSP can improve the thermal stability and resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt, but excessive SSP may weaken the improvement effect of the high-temperature rheological properties of asphalt. The SSP is evenly distributed and tightly combined with asphalt at an appropriate amount, and the modification process of asphalt mainly involves physical changes.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of a Newly Developed Grain-Refined Ultra-High Strength Steel
Authors: Lv Wanqing , Yu Wenchao , Wu Zhifang , Yan Yongming , Shi Jie , Wang Maoqiu
Published: February 2025

The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of a newly developed 1700 MPa-grade ultra-high-strength steel with a primary austenite grain size of 4 μm was studied and the mechanical properties and microstructure were characterized. The results show that the hydrogen content in the steel increases with the extension of charging time: the value reached 0.35 wppm with a charging time of 96 h. On the contrary, the fracture mode of the experimental steel remained ductile after hydrogen charging, and the elongation and the section shrinkage showed little difference, indicating an excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, which could be ascribed to the refined microstructure and good cleanliness of the experimental steel.
Stability of the Soft Sparking State in the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process
Authors: Pietrzyk Stanisław , Gębarowski Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Soft sparking is a phenomenon observed during plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) performed under alternating current (AC) conditions. It is directly associated with the presence of cathodic polarization during the oxidation process, contributing to enhanced functional coating properties. However, the role of cathodic current in oxide-layer formation remains ambiguous. This study presents findings suggesting that soft sparking is a dynamic equilibrium state occurring within a certain stability window, primarily governed by the anodic to cathodic charge ratio in AC cycles. By analyzing soft-sparking behavior under varying cathodic-to-anodic charge ratios, frequency, cathodic pulse duty cycles, and alkalinity of electrolytes, the proposal of a mechanism underlying this process is presented. The authors suggest that the soft-sparking state may be linked to the formation of active sites during cathodic polarization and their subsequent suppression during anodic polarization. This occurs due to oxidation and deposition of Al(OH)3, facilitated by localized OH− ion accumulation in these regions. Additionally, the restricted diffusion of water molecules toward the substrate may play a crucial role in sustaining the soft-sparking state.
The Role of Crosslinking Agents in the Development of Collagen–Hydroxyapatite Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Vladu Alina Florentina , Albu Kaya Madalina Georgiana , Truşcă Roxana Doina , Motelica Ludmila , Surdu Vasile-Adrian , Oprea Ovidiu Cristian , Constantinescu Rodica Roxana , Cazan Bogdan , Ficai Denisa , Andronescu Ecaterina , Ficai Anton
Published: February 2025

The lack of bone grafts represents a major issue in the orthopedic field, reconstructive surgery, and dentistry. There are several bone conditions that often demand the use of grafts, such as fractures, infections, and bone cancer. The number of bone cancer cases increased in the past few decades and along with it, the need for bone grafting materials. To avoid the use of autografts and allografts there has been an increased interest towards synthetic grafts. This research aims to develop some collagen/hydroxyapatite (Coll/HAp) scaffolds cross-linked with three different agents that could be used in bone tissue engineering (BTE). These scaffolds were obtained with a freeze-drying method after the in situ formation of hydroxyapatite inside the collagen matrix. They were structurally and morphologically characterized and evaluated in terms of antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. The results revealed that the scaffolds have porous structures with interconnected pores of suitable dimensions and well-distributed inorganic phases. Coll/HAp samples showed great antibacterial activity even without the use of typically used antibacterial agents. These findings allow us to conclude that these scaffolds are promising candidates for use in BTE and bone cancer treatment after the incorporation of specific antitumoral drugs.
A Hydrothermal and Combustion-Reduction Process with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone as a Restricted Growth Agent and Galactose as a Reducing Agent for the Fabrication of Rod-like α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , Wang Zhou , Li Yongjin
Published: February 2025

A hydrothermal and combustion-reduction process with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a restricted growth agent and galactose as a reducing agent was developed for the fabrication of rod-like α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs). Firstly, β-FeOOH nanorods (NRs) were fabricated by the hydrothermal method, with PVP as a restricted growth agent. To obtain a smaller size for better applications in the biomedical field, the concentrations of FeCl3 and PVP, the hydrothermal temperature, and the hydrothermal time were optimized as 0.171 M, 0.163 mM, 100 °C, and 8 h, and the fabricated β-FeOOH NRs were 193.1 nm in average length and 43.2 nm in average diameter. Then, with β-FeOOH NRs as precursors, α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 MNCs were prepared via the combustion-reduction process with galactose as a reducing agent; the factors of the calcination temperature and time and the mass ratio of β-FeOOH and galactose were assessed as 300 °C, 0.5 h, and 1:2, respectively. The prepared α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 MNCs under the optimized conditions were 81.6 nm in average length and 23.9 nm in average diameter, while their saturation magnetization reached 69.8 emu/g.
Optimizing Electric Bus Charging Infrastructure: A Bi-Level Mathematical Model for Strategic Station Location and Off-Board Charger Allocation in Transportation Network
Authors: Kunawong Patcharida , Nakkiew Warisa , Jewpanya Parida , Nakkiew Wasawat
Published: February 2025

This study presented a novel bi-level mathematical model for designing charging infrastructure in an interstate electric bus transportation network, specifically addressing long-haul operations. To the best of our knowledge, no existing study integrates charging station locations with the number of off-board chargers while simultaneously optimizing their allocation and charging schedules. The proposed model fills this gap by formulating an exact algorithm using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The first-level model determines the optimal placement and number of charging stations. The second-level model optimizes the number of off-board chargers, charger allocation, and bus charging schedules. This ensures operational efficiency and integration of decisions between both levels. The experiments and sensitivity analysis were conducted on a real case study of an interstate bus network in Thailand. The results provided valuable insights for policymakers and transportation planners in designing cost-effective and efficient electric bus transportation systems. The proposed model provides a practical framework for developing eco-friendly transportation networks, encouraging sustainability, and supporting the broader adoption of electric buses.
Norm-Based Adaptive Control with a Novel Practical Predefined-Time Sliding Mode for Chaotic System Synchronization
Authors: Ding Huan , Qian Jing , Tian Danning , Zeng Yun
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel, practical, predefined-time control theory for chaotic system synchronization under external disturbances and modeling uncertainties. Based on this theory, a robust sliding mode surface is designed to minimize chattering on a sliding surface, enhancing system stability. Additionally, a norm-based adaptive control strategy is developed to dynamically adjust control gains, ensuring system convergence to the equilibrium point within the predefined time. Theoretical analysis guarantees predefined-time stability using a Lyapunov framework. Numerical simulations on the Chen and multi-wing chaotic Lu systems demonstrate the proposed method’s superior convergence speed, precision, and robustness, highlighting its applicability to complex systems.
A Time–Space Numerical Procedure for Solving the Sideways Heat Conduction Problem
Authors: Tan Ching-Chuan , Shih Chao-Feng , Shen Jian-Hung , Chen Yung-Wei
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a solution to the sideways heat conduction problem (SHCP) based on the time and space integration direction. Conventional inverse problems depend highly on the available data, particularly when the observed data are contaminated with measurement noise. These perturbations may lead to significant oscillations in the solution. The uniqueness of the solution in this SHCP requires revaluation when boundary conditions (BCs) or initial conditions (ICs) are missing. First, the spatial gradient between two points resolves the missing BCs in the computational domain by a one-step Lie group scheme. Further, the SHCP can be transformed into a backward-in-time heat conduction problem (BHCP). The second-order backward explicit integration can be applied to determine the ICs using the two-point solution at each time step. The performance of the suggested strategy is demonstrated with three numerical examples. The exact solution and the numerical results correspond well, despite the absence of some boundary and initial conditions. The only method of preventing numerical instability in this study is to alter the direction of numerical integration instead of relying on regularization techniques. Therefore, a numerical formula with two integration directions proves to be more accurate and stable compared to existing methods for the SHCP.
Recent Advances in the Structure, Extraction, and Biological Activity of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhang Shun , Chen Liang , Shang Nan , Wu Kefeng , Liao Wang
Published: February 2025

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPs) are acidic polysaccharides that possess significant medicinal and commercial potential. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the structure, extraction methods, and diverse biological activities of SFPs, including their antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antiviral, intestinal flora-regulating, and anti-diabetic properties. The key findings reveal the complex composition of polysaccharides, highlighting alginic acid, fucoidan, and laminaran as the primary constituents, and detailing their structural features. At the same time, the characteristics as well as the advantages and disadvantages of hot water extraction, acid extraction, alkali extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, and enzyme extraction were systematically compared. Finally, this review concludes by emphasizing the necessity for further research to elucidate the structure–function relationships of SFPs, optimize their extraction techniques, and provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent studies.
First Clinical Results of Hyperopic Eyes Treated with a New Ablative Solid-State Laser
Authors: Pajic Bojan , Cvejic Zeljka , Schroeter Anna , Pajic Valentin , Papazoglou Anthia , Pajic-Eggspuehler Brigitte
Published: February 2025

Investigation and evaluation of the first clinical results of the new ablative solid-state laser (AQUARIUZ) regarding clinical outcome, inclusively higher-order aberration and safety. In this case report, three hyperopic patients with six eyes were treated with the new ablative solid-state laser (AQUARIUZ). The LASIK incisions are cut with the Ziemer LDV Z8. All patients were followed for 6 months postoperatively. The treated hyperopia ranged from +0.5 D to +2.75 D. Emmetropia of 0 D was found in four eyes after 6 months. In two eyes there was a slight myopia of −0.25 D each, which is also considered emmetropia according to the definition. The aspherically optimized profile of the ablative solid-state laser did not induce a higher-order aberration or spherical aberration in any eye. No eye lost CDVA or UDVA lines after the follow-up period. The safety index was 1 in five eyes and 1.25 in one eye. The findings demonstrate a high level of precision and treatment safety with the new ablative solid-state laser.
Hypoabsorption in Bariatric Surgery: Is the Benefit Worth the Risk?
Authors: Abedalqader Tala , Jawhar Noura , Gajjar Aryan , Portela Ray , Perrotta Gerardo , El Ghazal Nour , Laplante Simon J. , Ghanem Omar M.
Published: February 2025

Metabolic and bariatric surgery has been well described in the existing literature to be an effective and safe modality for weight loss in patients with obesity. Recently, hypoabsorptive procedures such as one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS), and single-anastomosis duodenoileostomy with sleeve (SADI-S) have gained traction, particularly among patients with severe obesity. These procedures combine restrictive and hypoabsorptive mechanisms, resulting in significant and sustainable weight loss, especially in those with severe obesity and associated comorbidities. However, the risk of malnutrition and nutritional deficiency following these procedures has been a deterrent for surgeons in their adoption. This review evaluates the existing literature on the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of OAGB, BPD-DS, and SADI-S. While these hypoabsorptive procedures represent highly effective options for treating obesity, the associated nutritional complications necessitate the need for long-term follow-up and supplementation and highlight the need for careful patient selection.
Understanding Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia: An Umbrella Review of Scientific Evidence and Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: González-Iglesias Mario , Martínez-Benito Alexis , López-Vidal Javier Andrés , Melis-Romeu Alberto , Gómez-Rabadán Daniel Jacobo , Reina-Varona Álvaro , Di-Bonaventura Silvia , La Touche Roy , Fierro-Marrero José
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a topic of interest in the scientific community. This umbrella review aimed to analyze EIH research and compare it with public dissemination on X. Materials and Methods: We selected relevant EIH reviews that included a healthy population or patients with pain and studied exercise interventions. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, PEDro, and Google Scholar, employing the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome strategy. Data were extracted and summarized, and methodological quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment Scale for Systematic Reviews, and risk of bias with the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool. The Physical Activity Guidelines Advisor Committee was employed for evidence synthesis. Simultaneously, advanced X website searches gathered EIH-related content for analysis. Information from posts on X was qualitatively analyzed and contrasted with evidence in the literature. Results: We included nine systematic reviews and 17 narrative reviews. Systematic reviews presented high methodological quality. However, half had low risk of bias, while the other half presented high risk of bias. The EIH in healthy participants was controversial for some exercise modalities, such as aerobic exercise, and the influence of psychological variables. Modalities, such as isotonic resistance exercise, showed favorable effects on hypoalgesia. However, in patients with musculoskeletal pain, different exercise modalities did not generate EIH. X analysis unveiled a considerable representation of science-related content, although with prevalent misinterpretations of scientific evidence. Conclusions: EIH has been extensively studied, yet the certainty of evidence remains limited. While some exercise modalities demonstrate hypoalgesic effects in asymptomatic individuals, these effects remain unverified in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Moreover, the analysis of social media content highlights frequent misinterpretations of scientific evidence, particularly conflating hypoalgesia with analgesia. This underscores the need for more precise, evidence-based communication on social media platforms.
Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatment on Refractory High-Entropy Alloy WTaMoNbV Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Ron Tomer , Leon Avi , Bassis Maxim , Chen Zhan , Shirizly Amnon , Aghion Eli
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to assess the impact of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment on refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) WTaMoNbV produced by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. This was carried out by examining the functional properties of this HEA in terms of mechanical and environmental performance. The microstructure of the tested HEA was evaluated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were examined via compression tests, while environmental behavior was evaluated by immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results demonstrate that HIP treatment improved the alloy’s density from 11.27 to 11.38 g/cm3 and increased its ultimate compression strength by 11.5% (from 1094 to 1220 MPa). This modest favorable effect was attributed to the improvement in bulk properties by eliminating a large part of the sub-grain boundaries and reducing the amount of inherent printing defects, mainly in the form of internal cracking. The advantages offered by HIP were also manifested in surface quality improvement from N11 to N10 grades and enhanced environmental performance, reducing pitting density from 34,155 to 9677 pits/cm2.
Effects of Roasting Process on Sensory Qualities, Color, Physicochemical Components, and Identification of Key Aroma Compounds in Hubei Strip-Shaped Green Tea
Authors: Ye Fei , Gui Anhui , Qiao Xiaoyan , Liu Panpan , Wang Xueping , Wang Shengpeng , Feng Lin , Teng Jin , Xue Jinjin , Chen Xun , Mei Yuanhong , Zhang Binghua , Han Hanshan , Liao Anhua , Zheng Pengcheng , Gao Shiwei
Published: February 2025

Background: Roasting conditions significantly influence the sensory profile of Hubei strip-shaped green tea (HSSGT). Methods: This study examined the effects of roast processing on the sensory attributes, color qualities, physicochemical properties, and key aroma compounds of HSSGT. Sensory evaluation, color qualities determination, principal component analysis of physicochemical components (PCA), HS-SPME (headspace solid-phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry), relative odor activity value (ROAV), gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC-O), and absolute quantification analysis were employed to identify the critical difference in compounds that influence HSSGT desirability. Results: The results indicated that HSSGT roasted at 110 °C for 14 min achieved the highest sensory scores, superior physicochemical qualities, and an enhanced aroma index, which was attributed to shifting the proportion of chestnut to floral volatile compounds. Additionally, sensory-guided ROAV, GC-O, and absolute quantification revealed that linalool, octanal, nonanal, and hexanal were the most significant volatile compounds. The variations in these four critical compounds throughout the roasting process were further elucidated, showing that the ideal roasting conditions heightened floral aromas while diminishing the presence of less desirable green odors. These findings offer technical guidance and theoretical support for producing HSSGT with a more desirable balance of chestnut and floral aroma characteristics.
A Multifaceted Computational Approach to Identify PAD4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Authors: Alturki Mansour S. , Gomaa Mohamed S. , Tawfeeq Nada , Al Khzem Abdulaziz H. , Shaik Mohsina B. , Alshaikh Jafar Murtadha , Alsamen Mohammad , Al Nahab Hasan , Al-Eid Mohammad , Almutawah Alhassan , Rants’o Thankhoe A. , Ayil Khaled A. G. , Almaghrabi Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Neutrophil cells’ lysis forms the extracellular traps (NETs) to counter the foreign body during insults to the body. Peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) participates in this process and is then released into the extracellular fluid with the lysed cell components. In some diseases, patients with abnormal function of PADs, especially PAD 4, tend to form autoantibodies against the abnormal citrullinated proteins that are the result of PAD activity on arginine side chains. Those antibodies, which are highly distinct in RA, are distinctly anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). This study used an in-silico drug repurposing approach of FDA-approved medications to identify potential alternative medications that can inhibit this process and address solutions to the current limitations of existing therapies. Methods: We utilized Maestro Schrödinger as a computational tool for preparing and docking simulations on the PAD 4 enzyme crystal structure that is retrieved from RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 4X8G) while the docked FDA-approved medications are obtained from the Zinc 15 database. The protein was bound to GSK 199—an investigational compound—as a positive control for the docked molecules. Preparation of the protein was performed by Schrödinger Protein Preparation Wizard tool. Binding pocket determination was performed by Glide software (Schrödinger Release 2021–3:Schrödinger, LLC., New York, NY, USA, 2021). and validation of molecular docking was carried out through the redocking of GSK 199 and superimposition. After that, standard and induced fit docking were performed. Results/Conclusions: Among the four obtained hits Pemetrexed, Leucovorin, Chlordiazepoxide, and Ioversol, which showed the highest XP scores providing favorable binding interactions. The induced-fit docking (IFD) results displayed the strong binding affinities of Ioversol, Pemetrexed, Leucovorin, Chlordiazepoxide in the order IFD values −11.617, −10.599, −10.521, −9.988, respectively. This research investigates Pemetrexed, Leucovorin, Chlordiazepoxide, and Ioversol as potential repurposing agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as they are identified as PAD4 inhibitors.
Correction: Húlan et al. The Influence of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Clay-Based Ceramics. Minerals 2020, 10, 930
Authors: Húlan Tomáš , Štubňa Igor , Ondruška Ján , Trník Anton
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
The Influence of Drum Operating Parameters on Granulation and Product Attributes
Authors: Adam Mustapha , Addai-Mensah Jonas , Begelhole Jason , Asamoah Richmond K. , Skinner William
Published: February 2025

Granulation is a size enlargement process that involves the movement of feed within the granulator (e.g., drum) to produce granules of desirable attributes for the subsequent processes. To produce good quality granules, the right operating parameters need to be tested, optimised, and benchmarked for future granulation test works or potential scale-up for pilot test works. Thus, in this paper, the effects of feed residence time (FRT), pre-wetting moisture content (PWMC), mixing and granulation moisture content (GMC), drum volume loading (DVL), and rotational speed (DOS) on the granulation of iron ore sinter feed blends (SFBs) containing a high content of magnetite concentrate were studied by using a rotary drum granulator. The resultant granules were characterised by bed permeability, particle binding strength, bulk density, porosity, and size distribution. From the results, pre-wetting the SFB with 80% of the GMC for 2 min mixing of the feed generated better results. The batch-wise drum loading of 4 and 12% at a 15 rpm drum speed produced granules of optimum pre-ignition bed permeability, strength, and uniform size distribution. Although the higher drum speeds (e.g., 40 rpm) showed a higher pre-ignition bed permeability of about 54 JPU due to the production of coarse size granules, the granules were weak, hence showed a higher bed shrinkage of 2.2 mm. Additionally, granulation kinetics studies indicated 5–7 min of granulation to be the optimum residence time. It was established that the optimum granulation moisture content strongly depended on the nature of SFBs, more importantly, the mineralogy and particle size distribution. Granulation moisture content increased with increasing magnetite concentrate levels in the SFBs. These established optimum drum operating parameters could be applied for the granulation of SFBs containing higher levels of magnetite concentrate, as it is essential to operate the drum at the right operating conditions when there is a significant variation in feed mineralogy and particle size distribution.
Decarbonization Ferroalloy Production Using Biocarbon
Authors: Tangstad Merete , Ringdalen Eli
Published: February 2025

The main contributors to CO2 emissions in ferroalloy production are the use of fossil reductants and the energy consumed. The use of renewable energy sources is imperative to decarbonize these processes. The only short-term solution to reduce the use of fossil reductants is to replace them with biocarbon. This paper reviews research on the use of biocarbon and its effects on furnace operation conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and SINTEF. During heating, it has been shown that H2 and CH4 are produced, which may affect the degree of prereduction in the furnaces. The CO2 reactivity is higher with charcoal compared to coke; however, when potassium accumulates in the furnace, the difference between the carbon materials decreases. Although slag reactivity is faster with charcoal than with coke, other properties, such as sulfur content in SiMn production, also play a role. Lastly, it is observed that the electrical resistivity of charcoal is higher than that of coke.
Research on Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition by Pulsed Plasma Catalysis
Authors: He Yuze , Zhu Neng , Cai Yunkai
Published: February 2025

Driven by dual-carbon targets, marine engines are accelerating their transition towards low-carbon and zero-carbon. Ammonium–hydrogen fusion fuel is considered to be one of the most promising fuels for ship decarbonization. Using non-thermal plasma (NTP) catalytic ammonia on-line hydrogen production technology to achieve hydrogen supply is one of the most important means to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen energy in the storage and transportation process. However, the efficiency of ammonia catalytic hydrogen production can be influenced to some extent by the presence of several factors, and the reaction mechanism is complex under the conditions of ship engine temperature emissions. This makes it difficult to realize the precise control of plasma catalytic hydrogen production from ammonia technology under temperature emission conditions, thus restricting an improvement in the ammonia conversion rate. In this study, a kinetic model of hydrogen production from ammonia catalyzed by NTP was established. The influencing factors (reaction temperature, pressure, N2/NH3 ratio in the feed gas) and mechanism path of hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition were explored. The results show that the increase in reaction temperature will lead to an increase in the ammonia conversion rate, while the ammonia conversion rate will decrease with the increase in reaction pressure and N2/NH3 ratio. When the reaction temperature is 300 K, the pressure is 1 bar, the feed gas is 98%N2/2%NH3, and the ammonia conversion rate is 16.7%. The reason why the addition of N2 is conducive to the hydrogen production from NH3 decomposition is that the reaction N2(A3) + NH3 => N2 + NH2 + H, triggered by the electron excited-state N2(A3), is the main reaction for NH3 decomposition.
“Calcium-Phosphorus-Magnesium Axis” and the Metabolic Issue of Newborns Undergoing Parenteral Nutrition: Is It Time to Change Our Perspectives?
Authors: Notarbartolo Veronica , Carta Maurizio , Badiane Bintu Ayla , Puccio Giuseppe , Corsello Giovanni , Giuffrè Mario
Published: February 2025

Background: In recent years, progress in the field of care has made prematurity an increasingly frequent phenomenon. The premature newborn, due to incompetence, is often subjected to parenteral nutrition (PN) for prolonged periods, and there may be several complications associated with it, first and foremost metabolic complications. Methods: In particular, the aim of this study was to evaluate how specific risk factors and/or auxological parameters influenced plasma variations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels. This is because, although little analyzed in the past, these electrolytes are essential for limiting the onset of unfavorable outcomes in neonatal age. This retrospective observational study was conducted by accessing the site intranet of the University Hospital “P. Giaccone” of Palermo, recruiting all newborns with PN necessities (106 in a total of 191), admitted to NICU in the period between 1 January 2020 and 1 January 2023. Infants undergoing PN through a central venous catheter (CVC), who remained in situ for a period ≥ 72 h, admitted to the NICU for the first time, were included. Infants with congenital malformations and/or deceased and/or transferred and/or without CVC or with CVC who remained in situ for a period < 72 h were excluded. We thus obtained 35 newborns in 2020, 33 newborns in 2021, and 38 newborns in 2022. Results: Hypophosphatemia was associated with a lower weight percentile (average 34.8 °C vs. 50.8 °C; p = 0.02) and a longer duration of PN (average 34.6 days vs. 17.3 days; p = 0.002). Newborns with hypercalcemia had, on average, lower gestational age (average 31.6 weeks vs. 35.7 weeks; p = 0.049) and weight at birth (average 1586 g vs. 2520 g; p = 0.038). Newborns with hypermagnesemia had, on average, higher weight and length (average weight percentile 62.1 °C vs. 42.7 °C; p = 0.038; average length percentile 66.7 °C vs. 44.4 °C; p = 0.003). Among the risk factors, cesarean section and undergoing surgery most influence the serum trend of the analyzed electrolytes. Conclusions: Although our results are partial and preliminary and have not always reached statistical significance, it is clear that dyselectrolytemias, in the context of metabolic complications PN-related, must be re-evaluated and carefully examined by the clinician. Prospective and controlled trials are needed to confirm our data, i.e., that the “calcium-phosphorus-magnesium axis” no longer plays only the niche role that was previously believed.
Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions in Managing Dyslipidemia and Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Berisha Hygerta , Hattab Reham , Comi Laura , Giglione Claudia , Migliaccio Silvia , Magni Paolo
Published: February 2025

Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, is a major public health concern due to its association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other cardiometabolic disorders. In this context, appropriate nutrition patterns are pivotal as they represent the basic approach for providing a wide range of substantial advantages. The best evidence for dyslipidemia management is offered by the Mediterranean Diet, the Plant-Based Diet, the High-Fiber Diet and the Anti-inflammatory Diet, while the DASH Diet and the Ketogenic Diet have also been shown to target additional pathological features like hypertension and other comorbidities. The bioactive compounds that are enriched in these nutrition patterns and able to manage dyslipidemia include monounsaturated fatty acids such as ω-3, polyphenols such as oleuropein, resveratrol, flavonoids, and catechins, carotenoids, phytosterols and soluble and unsoluble fibers. Diets rich in these compounds can improve lipid profile by mitigating oxidative stress, reducing low-grade chronic inflammation, modulating macronutrient absorption and other mechanisms, thereby supporting cardiovascular health. Additionally, lifestyle interventions such as regular physical activity, weight loss, reduced alcohol consumption and smoking cessation further ameliorate lipid metabolism and manage circulated lipid profile. Furthermore, emerging insights from nutrigenomics underscore the potential for proper diet to address genetic factors and optimize treatment outcomes. The pivotal role of nutrition interventions in the context of dyslipidemia and its cardiometabolic implications is discussed in this review, emphasizing evidence-based and personalized approaches.