bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Translation of Self‐Assembled Cancer Nanomedicines
Authors: Mi Peng , Miyata Kanjiro , Kataoka Kazunori , Cabral Horacio
Published: September 2020

Nanomedicines are emerging as effective approaches for developing new strategies against cancer. Nanomedicines can be designed for selectively delivering probes and anticancer agents to tumors for achieving improved diagnostic or therapeutic efficacy, while relieving potential side effects. In particular, the number of formulations based on self‐assembled nanostructures under clinical evaluation is increasing due to their unique advantages for elegant and facile preparation, working at the biointerface and spatiotemporally controlling the function of drugs. Here, the current status of clinically used self‐assembled nanomedicines is presented, and recent advances of candidates in clinical trials are reviewed. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicines in the clinic are discussed.
Enabling Natural Graphite in High‐Voltage Aqueous Graphite || Zn Metal Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pérez Ismael A. , Zhang Lu , Wrogemann Jens Matthies , Driscoll Darren M. , Sushko Maria L. , Han Kee Sung , Fulton John L. , Engelhard Mark H. , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Viswanathan Vilayanur V. , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Li Xiaolin , Reed David , Sprenkle Vincent , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias
Published: September 2020

Safety and cost are the key metrics for large‐scale energy storage. Due to the use of nonaqueous electrolytes and transition metal oxides in current lithium‐ion battery technologies, safety, cost, and environmental issues are a significant cause for concern. Graphite is a promising cathode material for dual‐ion batteries due to its high operating potential, low cost, and high safety. Nevertheless, it is challenging to find a suitable aqueous electrolyte due to the narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V). This work presents a graphite || zinc metal aqueous dual‐ion battery of ≈2.3–2.5 V, a remarkably high voltage in aqueous zinc batteries, achieving >80% capacity retention after 200 cycles and delivering ≈110 mAh g–1 at a charge/discharge current of 200 mA g–1. A capacity of nearly 60 mAh g–1 is achieved at a charge/discharge current of 5000 mA g–1. Natural graphite is enabled as a reversible cathode using a highly concentrated lithium‐free bisalt aqueous electrolyte.
Did the New School Meal Standards Improve the Overall Quality of Children's Diets?
Authors: Smith Travis A. , Mojduszka Eliza M. , Chen Shun
Published: September 2020

School meal programs represent the second largest form of food assistance in the United States. Schools receive federal reimbursements, totaling $17 billion in 2018, provided they meet certain nutritional standards. The Healthy Hunger‐Free Kids Act (HHFKA) updated these standards beginning with 2012–2013 school year. We document the impact of consuming school‐prepared food, rather than home‐prepared food, on diet quality pre‐ and postpolicy reform. Pre‐HHFKA, school food increased dietary quality for relatively disadvantaged children, with null‐to‐negative effects among all other students. Post‐HHFKA, significant improvements are observed across the entire distribution of dietary quality, mainly driven by older, higher‐income students.
EU Regulation of New Plant Breeding Technologies and Their Possible Economic Implications for the EU and Beyond
Authors: Purnhagen Kai , Wesseler Justus
Published: September 2020

New plant breeding technologies (NPBTs), including CRISPR gene editing, are being used widely, and they are driving the development of new crops. They are nevertheless a subject of criticism and discussion. According to a summer 2018 interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) applying an absolute interpretation of the precautionary principle, European Union (EU) law makes most NPBTs subject to regulations governing the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the EU. This contribution summarizes the status of the debate and highlights issues that have thus far not been considered—particularly with regard to the implications of EU regulations for NPBTs for countries outside the EU.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Carboamination by C−H Functionalization
Authors: Ozols Kristers , Onodera Shunsuke , Woźniak Łukasz , Cramer Nicolai
Published: September 2020

High‐valent cyclopentadienyl cobalt catalysis is a versatile tool for sustainable C−H bond functionalizations. To harness the full potential of this strategy, control of the stereoselectivity of these processes is necessary. Herein, we report highly enantioselective intermolecular carboaminations of alkenes through C−H activation of N‐phenoxyamides catalyzed by CoIII‐complexes equipped with chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) ligands. The method converts widely available acrylates as well as bicyclic olefins into attractive enantioenriched isotyrosine derivatives as well as elaborated amino‐substituted bicyclic scaffolds under very mild conditions. The outlined reactivity is unique to the CpxCoIII complexes and is complementary to the reactivity of 4d‐ and 5d‐ precious‐metal catalysts.
Incorporation of graphene oxide and calcium phosphate in the PCL/PHBV core‐shell nanofibers as bone tissue scaffold
Authors: Kheiri Mollaqasem Vahid , Asefnejad Azadeh , Nourani Mohammad Reza , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Kalaee Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2020

Bone tissue scaffolds should have both desired mechanical stability and cell activities including biocompatibility, cell differentiation, and maturation. Also, suitable mineralization is another key factor for these materials. Hence, in current work, in order to achieve a scaffold with desired mechanical and bioactivity properties, core‐shell nanofibers based on the polycaprolactone and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) with different concentration of graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) and calcium phosphate (CP) (1 and 3 wt%) were prepared to utilize as bone scaffold. Microstructure of nanofibers observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and results exhibited that the most of nanofibers had 270–500 nm diameter. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray evaluations verified appearance of GO and CP into the electrospun scaffolds (ES). Transmission electron microscopy analysis endorsed core‐shell structure of nanofibers. X‐ray diffraction study moreover determination of semicrystalline structure, verified presence of GO and CaPO4 into the nanofibers. Water contact angle demonstrates that, ES2 and ES3 situated in suitable domain of hydrophilicity. Tensile analysis determined that, ES2, ES3, and ES4 had the highest mechanical properties for use as bone scaffold. Cell viability assessment confirmed biocompatibility of scaffold during 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining exhibited maturating and differentiating of osteocytes after 21 days seeding on the scaffolds.
Finite‐time command filtered control combined with pi‐sigma fuzzy neural network for hydraulic control system
Authors: Shen Wei , Shen Chao , Su Xiaoyu , Wang Jiehao
Published: September 2020

This paper considers the problem of the finite‐time command filtered control for hydraulic motor system with external load disturbance using a new hydraulic transformer. Based on the backstepping design method and pi‐sigma fuzzy neural network, a controller is designed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the hydraulic motor system is established, and the command filtered method is employed to solve the problem of the “explosion of complexity” caused by repeated differentiation of the virtual control signals in the backstepping design process, and the error compensation mechanisms are designed to reduce the errors produced by command filters. Then, the finite‐time control approach is adopted to guarantee the tracking errors converge in finite time. In addition, the pi‐sigma fuzzy neural network is used to approximate the nonlinear functions. The designed controller not only solves the strong nonlinear coupling but also enables the system to work efficiently with stronger robustness and faster error convergence. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is shown by comparisons with the traditional PID and pi‐sigma fuzzy neural networks methods.
Ermittlung der charakteristischen Betondruckfestigkeit von Bestandstragwerken nach DIN EN 13791:2020 für geringe Stichprobenumfänge
Authors: Sefrin Rabea , Glock Christian , Schwabach Enrico
Published: September 2020

Der Nachrechnung von Bestandstragwerken kommt eine steigende Bedeutung zu, denn im Sinne eines ressourceneffizienten Umgangs mit Bestandsbauten sollte der Umnutzung Vorrang vor Abriss und Neubau gegeben werden. Bisher stand für die Berechnung der charakteristischen In‐situ‐Betondruckfestigkeit in Deutschland DIN EN 13791:2008 mit Nationalem Anhang DIN EN 13791/A20:2017 zur Verfügung. Die im Februar 2020 veröffentlichte DIN EN 13791:2020 löst formal DIN EN 13791:2008 ab, wobei noch keine neuen Nationalen Anwendungsregeln für Deutschland vorhanden sind. Besonders bei der Ermittlung der charakteristischen In‐situ‐Betondruckfestigkeit auf Grundlage eines geringen Bohrkernstichprobenumfangs (3 ≤ n ≤ 7) ergeben sich im Vergleich zu den bisherigen Regelungen deutliche Änderungen. Allerdings liegen aktuell keine Hintergrundinformationen bezüglich der statistischen Belastbarkeit der neuen Verfahren vor, weshalb diese im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens DBV 317 untersucht wurden.
A problem‐/case‐based learning approach as an useful tool for studying glycogen metabolism and its regulation
Authors: García‐Ponce Ángel Luis , Martínez‐Poveda Beatriz , Blanco‐López Ángel , Quesada Ana R. , Suárez Fernanda , Alonso‐Carrión Francisco José , Medina Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2020

Metabolism and its regulation is one of the most complex and difficult topics for students learning biochemistry. A problem‐/case‐based learning (PBL) approach can be useful to help biochemistry students to fulfill the goal of acquiring an integrated view of metabolism and its regulation. The present article describes our experience enrolling volunteer students to learn glycogen metabolism making use of a design‐based research methodology to develop teaching learning sequences focused on a PBL approach. Enrolled undergraduate students had better final scores than those students that did not participates. Furthermore, enrolled students were satisfied with the experience, finding it interesting, formative, and challenging.
Antrodia camphorata polysaccharide resists 6‐OHDA‐induced dopaminergic neuronal damage by inhibiting ROS‐NLRP3 activation
Authors: Han Chenyang , Shen Heping , Yang Yi , Sheng Yongjia , Wang Jin , Li Wenyan , Zhou Xiaohong , Guo Li , Zhai Liping , Guan Qiaobing
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The main pathological change is the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPc), thereby leading to dopamine reduction in nigral striatum. 6‐Hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), a neurotoxic substance, mediates apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and causes Parkinson‐like symptoms in mice.

Methods

Our team previously found that Antrodia camphorata polysaccharide (ACP) exerted a good behavioral improvement effect on the PD mouse model established by 6‐OHDA; however, the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we focused on ROS‐NLRP3 signal to investigate the mechanism of 6‐OHDA‐induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons MES23.5 and the protective effects of ACP on dopaminergic neurons.

Result

6‐OHDA could further activate the expression of inflammasome NLRP3 by inducing ROS, thereby resulting in apoptosis of MES23.5 cells. ACP could inhibit the expression of ROS‐NLRP3 induced by 6‐OHDA, exerting a protective role in MES23.5 cells. Animal experiments also confirmed that ACP intervention could reduce the activation level of ROS‐NLRP3 in the substantia nigra–striatum and improve the exercise capacity of PD mice.

Conclusion

Our study validated that 6‐OHDA could induce apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons via ROS‐NLRP3 activation. ACP could inhibit this signal and protect dopaminergic neurons, which might be promising in research of PD therapeutics.
Common carotid artery endovascular clamping for neuroprotection during carotid stenting: Flow‐gate system as an innovative treatment approach
Authors: Gabrielli Roberto , Castrucci Tommaso , Siani Andrea , Accrocca Federico , Rizzo Anna Rita , Spinelli Alessio , Cancellieri Roberto , Bartoli Stefano
Published: September 2020

Objectives

We here report our clinical experience in CAS management through common carotid artery endovascular clamping with FlowGate2 system.

Methods

Forty‐five patients were enrolled with de novo asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis ≥70%. Cerebral protection during the stenting procedure was achieved using a unique endovascular clamping technique developed in our Institution which includes: (a) the occlusion of the common carotid artery only, through inflatable balloons integrated in the FlowGate2 Balloon Guide Catheter system; (b) flow inversion connecting catheter to 16 G blood cannula previously placed in arm vein; (c) after the placement of the stent, the flow inversion is maintained for 30 s to allow debris washout. The related primary end‐point was the rate of Diffusion‐weighted imaging magnetic resonance (DWI) micro‐embolic scattering of infarction. The patient's clinical and the neurological status were assessed prior, during and after intervention, at discharge.

Results

Transient clamping intolerance was observed in two patients (2/45; 4%). One minor stroke (1/45; 2%) occurred 8 hr the procedure with DWI ipsilateral micro‐embolic lesions. No major strokes or deaths were observed at 3 months follow‐up. DWI demonstrated ipsilateral micro‐embolic scattering of infarction, in one asymptomatic patient. In all patients, no worst changes in NIHSS scale assessment were recorded at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Conclusions

Our data confirmed the efficacy of FlowGate2 in terms of neuroprotection during CAS. To our knowledge, these are the first published data on this innovative approach developed in our institution. A large controlled trial is ongoing to confirm preliminary evidences.
Intraoral localized methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders concurrent with antiresorptive agent‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A case report and literature review
Authors: Minabe Masaki , Suzuki Taiki , Komatsu Masumi , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Nomura Takeshi
Published: September 2020

Intraoral localized methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders can cause antiresorptive agent‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with infection due to its immunological abnormalities and ulcer formation.
Microscale Electrochemical Cell on a Custom CMOS Transimpedance Amplifier for High Temporal Resolution Single Entity Electrochemistry**
Authors: Brunet Cabré Marc , Djekic Denis , Romano Timothée , Hanna Nadim , Anders Jens , McKelvey Kim
Published: September 2020

Stochastic collision electrochemistry requires high‐resolution and high‐bandwidth current amplification due to the low magnitude and short duration of the current signals. However, increasing the current amplifier bandwidth leads to increased current noise levels, which in turn obscures the current signal generated from stochastic collision electrochemistry experiments. The key to minimizing current noise is an experimental configuration that minimizes the input capacitance to the current amplifier. Here, we report a new strategy to minimize the input capacitance to a current amplifier by using a movable microscale electrochemical cell, formed at the end of a micropipette using a scanning electrochemical cell microscopy approach, to conduct electrochemical experiments in close proximity (∼300 μm) to a transimpedance amplifier. We demonstrated this via electro‐oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles detected at a bandwidth of 1 MHz.
DNA‐Targeting RuII‐Polypyridyl Complex with a Long‐Lived Intraligand Excited State as a Potential Photodynamic Therapy Agent
Authors: Hua Wuyang , Xu Gang , Zhao Jian , Wang Z. , Lu Jiapeng , Sun Wenfang , Gou Shaohua
Published: September 2020

Subtle ligand modifications on RuII‐polypyridyl complexes may result in different excited‐state characteristics, which provides the opportunity to tune their photo‐physicochemical properties and subsequently change their biological functions. Here, a DNA‐targeting RuII‐polypyridyl complex (named Ru1) with highly photosensitizing 3IL (intraligand) excited state was designed based on a classical DNA‐intercalator [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]⋅2 PF6 by incorporation of the dppz (dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine) ligand tethered with a pyrenyl group, which has four orders of magnitude higher potency than the model complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]⋅2 PF6 upon light irradiation. This study provides a facile strategy for the design of organelle‐targeting RuII‐polypyridyl complexes with dramatically improved photobiological activity.
Dinitrogen Fixation: Rationalizing Strategies Utilizing Molecular Complexes
Authors: Masero Fabio , Perrin Marie A. , Dey Subal , Mougel Victor
Published: September 2020

Dinitrogen (N2) is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, but its inertness hinders its use as a nitrogen source in the biosphere and in industry. Efficient catalysts are hence required to ov. ercome the high kinetic barriers associated to N2transformation. In that respect, molecular complexes have demonstrated strong potential to mediate N2functionalization reactions under mild conditions while providing a straightforward understanding of the reaction mechanisms. This Review emphasizes the strategies for N2reduction and functionalization using molecular transition metal and actinide complexes according to their proposed reaction mechanisms, distinguishing complexes inducing cleavage of the N≡N bond before (dissociative mechanism) or concomitantly with functionalization (associative mechanism). We present here the main examples of stoichiometric and catalytic N2functionalization reactions following these strategies.
Asymmetric Ring Opening in a Tetrazine‐Based Ligand Affords a Tetranuclear Opto‐Magnetic Ytterbium Complex
Authors: Richardson Paul , Marin Riccardo , Zhang Yixin , Gabidullin Bulat , Ovens Jeffrey , Moilanen Jani O. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: September 2020

We report the formation of a tetranuclear lanthanide cluster, [Yb4(bpzch)2(fod)10] (1), which occurs from a serendipitous ring opening of the functionalised tetrazine bridging ligand, bpztz (3,6‐dipyrazin‐2‐yl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine) upon reacting with Yb(fod)3 (fod−=6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐heptafluoro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3,5‐octandionate). Compound 1 was structurally elucidated via single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and subsequently magnetically and spectroscopically characterised to analyse its magnetisation dynamics and its luminescence behaviour. Computational studies validate the observed MJ energy levels attained by spectroscopy and provides a clearer picture of the slow relaxation of the magnetisation dynamics and relaxation pathways. These studies demonstrate that 1 acts as a single‐molecule magnet (SMM) under an applied magnetic field in which the relaxation occurs via a combination of Raman, direct, and quantum tunnelling processes, a behaviour further rationalised analysing the luminescent properties. This marks the first lanthanide‐containing molecule that forms by means of an asymmetric tetrazine decomposition.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Non‐Hydrolyzable Phospho‐Lysine Peptide Mimics
Authors: Hauser Anett , Poulou Eleftheria , Müller Fabian , Schmieder Peter , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: September 2020

The intrinsic lability of the phosphoramidate P−N bond in phosphorylated histidine (pHis), arginine (pHis) and lysine (pLys) residues is a significant challenge for the investigation of these post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which gained attention rather recently. While stable mimics of pHis and pArg have contributed to study protein substrate interactions or to generate antibodies for enrichment as well as detection, no such analogue has been reported yet for pLys. This work reports the synthesis and evaluation of two pLys mimics, a phosphonate and a phosphate derivative, which can easily be incorporated into peptides using standard fluorenyl‐methyloxycarbonyl‐ (Fmoc‐)based solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). In order to compare the biophysical properties of natural pLys with our synthetic mimics, the pKa values of pLys and analogues were determined in titration experiments applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in small model peptides. These results were used to compute electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces obtained after molecular geometry optimization. These findings indicate the potential of the designed non‐hydrolyzable, phosphonate‐based mimic for pLys in various proteomic approaches.
High‐performance iterative dataflow abstractions in Twister2:TSet
Authors: Wickramasinghe Pulasthi , Perera Niranda , Kamburugamuve Supun , Govindarajan Kannan , Abeykoon Vibhatha , Widanage Chathura , Uyar Ahmet , Gunduz Gurhan , Akkas Selahattin , Fox Geoffrey
Published: September 2020

The dataflow model is gradually becoming the de facto standard for big data applications. While many popular frameworks are built around this model, very little research has been done on understanding its inner workings, which in turn has led to inefficiencies in existing frameworks. It is important to note that understanding the relationship between dataflow and high performance computing (HPC) building blocks allows us to address and alleviate many of these fundamental inefficiencies by learning from the extensive research literature in the HPC community. In this article, we present TSets, the dataflow abstraction of Twister2, which is a big data framework designed for high‐performance dataflow and iterative computations. We discuss the dataflow model adopted by TSets and the rationale behind implementing iteration handling at the worker level. Finally, we evaluate TSets to show the performance of the framework and the importance of the worker level iteration model.
Reliability assessment between clinical attachment loss and alveolar bone level in dental radiographs
Authors: Farook Fathima Fazrina , Alodwene Hussah , Alharbi Rasha , Alyami Meral , Alshahrani Amjad , Almohammadi Duaa , Alnasyan Bothinah , Aboelmaaty Wael
Published: September 2020

Background

The clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographically assessed bone levels are used to assess the loss of periodontal tissue support in periodontitis, a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease of the periodontium. However, few studies have been done to study the relationship between these two parameters. According to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between the two measurements using intraclass correlation analysis.

Aim

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between CAL and radiographically assessed bone level in teeth affected with periodontitis.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted by selecting a sample of 880 periodontal sites in 104 periodontitis patients, aged 25–60 years. CAL and peri‐apical radiographs of the selected sites were obtained from the computerized patient records. The distance from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to the base of the alveolar bone level (ABL) was measured. The data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results

Intraclass correlation analysis (ICC) revealed a moderate degree of reliability between CAL and CEJ to ABL measurements. The average ICC was 0.68 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.53–0.77 (p < .001) indicating moderate to good reliability. Comparing the types of teeth, the central incisors, particularly the lower central incisors showed the highest ICC values (ICC: 0.822, CI: 0.77–0.86) indicating good reliability while the premolar and molars showed poor to moderate agreement (Maxillary premolars ICC: 0.464, CI: −0.18–0.74; maxillary first molar ICC: 0.516, CI: −0.154–0.772; mandibular first premolar ICC: 0.662, CI: 0.269–0.782; mandibular first molar ICC: 0.625, CI: 0.31–0.82). A moderate correlation existed between the radiographic and the clinical assessments (r = 0.5, p < .001).

Conclusion

Despite the fact that significant varying levels of reliability has been found between CAL and radiographic bone level, both the clinical and radiographic examinations should be performed for the accuracy of diagnosis.
MMP‐7, ‐8, ‐9, E‐cadherin, and beta‐catenin expression in 34 ameloblastoma cases
Authors: Kelppe Jetta , Thorén Hanna , Haglund Caj , Sorsa Timo , Hagström Jaana
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive odontogenic tumor with high recurrence rates. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate extracellular integrity in normal and pathological conditions, and exert multiple functions coordinating inflammation and tumor progression. E‐cadherin and beta‐catenin are adherence junction molecules in cell‐to‐cell connections. We investigated the involvement of MMP‐7, ‐8, ‐9, E‐cadherin, and beta‐catenin in ameloblastoma and the surrounding extracellular matrix.

Material and methods

Our material consisted of 30–34 tissue samples from ameloblastoma patients of Helsinki University Hospital. We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of the biomarkers. Two oral pathologists independently scored the immunoexpression intensities and statistical calculations were made based on the results.

Results

E‐cadherin expression was weaker in the maxillary than in mandibular ameloblastomas. Beta‐catenin was expressed in the ameloblastoma cell membranes. We detected MMP‐8 and ‐9 expression in polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the extracellular area and these MMPs correlated positively with each other. Osteoclasts lining bone margins and multinuclear giant cells expressed MMP‐9. Neither MMP‐8 nor MMP‐9 immunoexpression could be detected in ameloblastoma cells. MMP‐7 expression was seen in some apoptotic cells.

Conclusion

The fact that E‐cadherin immunoexpression was weaker in maxillary compared to mandibular ameloblastomas might associate to earlier recurrences. It promotes the idea of mandibular and maxillary ameloblastoma exerting differences in their biologies. We detected MMP‐8 and ‐9 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils which relates to these MMPs participating in extracellular remodeling through a mild inflammatory process. Bone degradation around ameloblastoma may be due to MMP‐9 in osteoclasts but this phenomenon might be an independent process and needs further investigations.
Structural Stabilization of P2‐type Sodium Iron Manganese Oxides by Electrochemically Inactive Mg Substitution: Insights of Redox Behavior and Voltage Decay
Authors: Yang Junghoon , Maughan Annalise E. , Teeter Glenn , Tremolet de Villers Bertrand J. , Bak Seong‐Min , Han Sang‐Don
Published: September 2020

Layered P2‐type Na0.8Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 cathode material is a promising candidate for next‐generation sodium‐ion batteries due to the economical and environmentally benign characteristics of Mn and Fe. The poor cycling stability of the material, however, is still a problem that must be solved. To address the problem, electrochemically inactive Mg2+ was introduced into the structure by substituting some of the Fe ions. It was shown that Mg substitution led to a smoother voltage profile with improved cycling performance and rate capability. These observations were attributed to the suppressed structural changes during electrochemical processes. Detailed redox mechanisms, associated local structural changes, and phase transitions were investigated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. From the detailed analysis of electrochemical behaviors, it was also identified how the redox reactions and structural disordering occurred in the high‐ and low‐voltage regions and how Mg substitution stabilized the structure.
Ultraefficient imprecise multipliers based on innovative 4:2 approximate compressors
Authors: Khaleqi Qaleh Jooq Mohammad , Ahmadinejad Mohammad , Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2020

This study proposes two ultraefficient imprecise multipliers based on innovative 4:2 approximate compressor designs. The first proposed multiplier employs an ultracompact 8‐transistor 4:2 compressor to reduce the transistor count and energy dissipation. To improve the accuracy of the first proposed imprecise multiplier, the second multiplier also benefits from a semiaccurate 24‐transistor 4:2 approximate compressor for the high‐order bits. The 7‐nm fin field‐effect transistor (FinFET) technology, as one of the leading commercial technologies, is utilized to simulate the proposed multipliers in the
environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed imprecise multipliers show significant improvements regarding transistor count, delay, power, and power‐delay product as compared to their state‐of‐the‐art imprecise and exact counterparts. Along with the superior hardware efficiency, the MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the proposed multipliers also provide reasonable levels of accuracy. Moreover, a figure of merit (FOM) considering hardware efficiency and output quality is considered in order to evaluate the multipliers comprehensively. The FOM simulation results indicate that the proposed imprecise multipliers make a significant trade‐off between hardware efficiency and quality for approximate‐computing applications dealing with image multiplication.
SUMOylation of PUM2 promotes the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma cells via regulating CEBPD
Authors: Wang Di , Ruan Xuelei , Liu Xiaobai , Xue Yixue , Shao Lianqi , Yang Chunqing , Zhu Lu , Yang Yang , Li Zhen , Yu Bo , Feng Tianda , Liu Yunhui
Published: September 2020

Glioma is the most common form of primary central nervous malignant tumors. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a blood supply channel that is different from endothelial blood vessels in glioma. VM is related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it plays an important role to target therapy for glioma VM. Our experimental results showed abnormal expression of UBE2I, PUM2, CEBPD, and DSG2 in glioma cells. The Co‐IP and Immunofluorescence staining were used to detect that PUM2 can be modified by SUMO2/3. The interaction between PUM2 and CEBPD mRNA was detected by the RIP assays. The interaction between transcription factor CEBPD and promoter region of DSG2 was detected by the ChIP assays and luciferase assays. The capacity for migration in glioma cells was observed by the laser holographic microscope. The capacity for invasion in glioma cells was detected by Transwell method. The VM in glioma cells was detected by three‐dimensional cell culture method. The experimental results found that the upregulation of UBE2I in glioma tissues and cells promotes the SUMOylation of PUM2, which decreases not only the stability of PUM2 protein but also decreases the inhibitory effect of PUM2 on CEBPD mRNA. The upregulation of CEBPD promotes the binding to the upstream promoter region of DSG2 gene, further upregulates the expression of DSG2, and finally promotes the development of glioma VM. In conclusion, this study found that the UBE2I/PUM2/CEBPD/DSG2 played crucial roles in regulating glioma VM. It also provides potential targets and alternative strategies for combined treatment of glioma.
Reorganization of action observation and sensory‐motor networks after action observation therapy in children with congenital hemiplegia: A pilot study
Authors: Sgandurra Giuseppina , Biagi Laura , Fogassi Leonardo , Ferrari Adriano , Sicola Elisa , Guzzetta Andrea , Tosetti Michela , Cioni Giovanni
Published: September 2020

New rehabilitation programs based on action observation therapy (AOT) are effective in improving motor function in children with congenital hemiplegia. In this pilot study we tested the potential effects of AOT on the reorganization of the motor system by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As part of a randomized trial, eight subjects (age range: 6.2–14.5 years) with congenital hemiplegia were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG) or control (CG) group. All children underwent a clinical and neurophysiological assessment with Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), MRI, and fMRI at baseline (T0), 1(T1), and 8(T2) weeks after the end of 3‐week treatment. For the EG, AOT consisted in the observation of uni/bimanual goal‐directed actions followed by their execution. CG watched same‐duration computer games and then performed the same actions in the same order used in the EG. fMRI study was carried out using two different paradigms, for exploring sensory‐motor network (SMN) localization and action observation network (AON). The pattern of brain activation was generally similar between T0 and T1 for both groups, while it was more widespread at T2, compared to T0 and T1, in the EG. This enlargement was coupled with functional improvement at AHA. Single‐subject analysis shows a reduction of lateralization indexes both for the AON and the SMN. This pilot study, despite the small sample, showed the fMRI feasibility for providing relevant biomarkers of brain plasticity for monitoring the AOT response in children with congenital hemiplegia. The study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT01016496).
Exploring causal components of plasticity in grey seal birthdates: Effects of intrinsic traits, demography, and climate
Authors: Bowen William Don , den Heyer Cornelia E. , Lang Shelley L. C. , Lidgard Damian , Iverson Sara J.
Published: September 2020

Change in breeding phenology is often a response to environmental forcing, but less is known of the mechanism underlying such changes and their fitness consequences. Here, we report on changes in the breeding phenology from a 27‐year longitudinal study (1991–2017) of individually marked, known‐aged grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. We used generalized linear mixed models and a 3‐step process to develop a model that includes interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic covariates and to test hypotheses about the influence of fixed factors (maternal age, parity, previous reproductive success, pup sex, colony density, Atlantic Multidecal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Sea Surface Temperature) and a random factor (female identity) on parturition dates. We also examined the consequences of the shift in birthdates on maternal energy allocation in offspring as measured by pup weaning mass. Birthdates were known for 2,768 pups of 660 known‐age females. For 494 females with ≥2 parturition dates, repeatability as measured by the intraclass correlation was high (mean = 0.66). 87% of the variation in birthdates was explained by a mixed‐effects model that included intrinsic and extrinsic fixed effects. Most of the explained variation was associated with the random effect of female identity. Parity was the most important intrinsic fixed effect, with inexperienced mothers giving birth later in the season than multiparous females. Over almost 3 decades, mean birthdates advanced by 15 days. The mixed model with intrinsic effects and population size, the detrended AMO from the previous year and mean NAO in the previous 3 years explained 80% of the variation with 21% of variation from the fixed effects. Both primiparous and multiparous individuals responded to the climate forcing, and there was strong evidence for heterogeneity in the response. Nevertheless, the shift in birthdates did not impact pup weaning mass.
Prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: Are certified athletic trainers an untapped resource?
Authors: Bogale Kaleb T. , Oser Tamara K. , Zettlemoyer Alexander , Parascando Jessica , Silvis Matthew L.
Published: September 2020

Aims

To assess the knowledge of certified athletic trainers (ATs) on the presenting signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

We conducted a 31‐question survey of secondary school ATs recruited from the National Athletic Training Association that established demographic information, knowledge of presenting signs and symptoms of T1D, and previous personal or professional exposure to individuals with T1D. We report descriptive statistics and univariate analyses evaluating the characteristics associated with T1D knowledge. We then report a multivariable model incorporating age, gender, years of experience and education level with T1D knowledge as the dependent variable.

Results

128 participants (92f:34m) met inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The majority of participants correctly identified frequent thirst (96.1%, n = 123) and frequent urination (85.9%, n = 110) as common presenting signs and symptoms of T1D, while fewer participants identified weight gain (58.6%, n = 75) or joint pain (39.1%, n = 50) as incorrect presenting signs and symptoms of T1D. Participants with over ten years of experience or previous exposure to individuals with T1D had increased T1D knowledge. Participants with advanced education (Master's degree or Doctorate) had no statistically significant difference in T1D knowledge compared to those with a Bachelor's degree. The only factor that demonstrated a significant association with T1D knowledge on multivariable analysis was the female gender.

Conclusions

Educational awareness campaigns of T1D symptoms to reduce the rate of DKA at diagnosis of T1D have never included ATs. This study illustrates the importance of targeting future educational interventions on newly trained ATs.
Intensity level and cardiorespiratory responses to Baduanjin exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Chen Xiankun , Marrone Gaetano , Olson Thomas P. , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Zhu Huiying , Wen Zehuai , Lu Weihui , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2020

Aims

Baduanjin (eight silken movements), a traditional Chinese exercise, is an alternative to the most common cardiac rehabilitation programmes due to their scarcity and unaffordability in China. The aim of this study was to measure the intensity and energy expenditure during Baduanjin and to determine the relative oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses of Baduanjin compared with maximal capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods and results

Twenty participants (age: 65 ± 10 years, male: n = 17) with New York Heart Association II–III volunteered for this study. Participants were examined during two separate sessions, with 1–2 weeks between sessions. During session one, a symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer for measurement of maximal exercise capacity. Additionally, participants were taught Baduanjin exercise from a professional coach and were required to do it at home until the second session when their technique was confirmed by the coach. During session two, participants performed one 9 min round of Baduanjin with continuous measurement of VO2 and HR. Measurements obtained during the Baduanjin were compared with data obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. While performing Baduanjin, the mean VO2 and HR were 7.1 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min and 86.1 ± 15.2 b.p.m., respectively. Compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the VO2 was 44% of their VO2max and 67% of their HRmax, categorizing Baduanjin as a moderate‐intensity exercise. The average energy expenditure during Baduanjin was 23.3 ± 4.4 kcal. Additionally, the VO2 and HR responses during Baduanjin both exhibited a bimodal pattern.

Conclusions

The results suggest that Baduanjin is a moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise that could be an effective and safe exercise modality for home‐based cardiac rehabilitation.
Size Matters: Synthesis of Group 13 Metal‐Substituted Dipnictanes by E‐C Bond Homolysis
Authors: Helling Christoph , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: September 2020

Pnictanes Cp*(Ph)ECl (E = As 1, Sb 2; Cp* = C5Me5) react with group 13 diyls LM (M = Al, Ga, In; L = HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]2, Dip = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with oxidative addition of the E‐Cl bond to a unique series of metalylpnictanes [L(Cl)M](Ph)ECp* (E = As, M = Al 3, Ga 4, In 5; E = Sb, M = Al 6, Ga 7, In 8). Thermal treatment of 4 and 6–8 results in homolytic E‐C bond scission with Cp* radical liberation, yielding the corresponding dipnictanes {[L(Cl)M](Ph)E}2 (E = As, M = Ga 9; E = Sb, M = Al 10, Ga 11, In 12). Compounds 1–12 were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (3–12).
Characterization and Validation of a Platinum Paper‐based Potentiometric Sensor for Glucose Detection in Saliva
Authors: Borràs‐Brull Marta , Blondeau Pascal , Riu Jordi
Published: September 2020

A paper‐based potentiometric sensor was constructed and characterized for the detection of glucose in saliva. Dilution of the samples was optimized to afford the optimum experimental conditions of measurements. The performance allows for detecting abnormal high glucose concentrations observed in diabetes patients. Repeatability data were presented and the performance of the sensor compared to literature examples showing suitable characteristics at a much lower cost. The validation in real saliva samples was performed against a commercial colorimetric kit showing that glucose could be effectively determined in the 4–10 mM range based on the comparison with a reference method.
Age, depositional environment, and tectonic significance of an Early Neoproterozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequence in the eastern Beishan orogenic belt, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Wang Biren , Yang Xiaosong , Li Shucai , Teng Chao , Yang Xinjie , Huang Fuyong , Cao Jun , Yang Bing , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhou Yi
Published: September 2020

The Beishan orogenic belt, located in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, includes several discrete arc terranes. Here, we report on a newly discovered Early Neoproterozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequence in the eastern Beishan orogenic belt in order to constrain the composition and origin of the Shuangyingshan‐Huaniushan Terrane. The ~766‐m‐thick volcano‐sedimentary sequence is very low‐grade metamorphosed, and characterized by muddy and silty slate with the well‐developed parallel laminations and minor thinly‐bedded limestone in its lower and upper sections, and thick packages of sandstone‐conglomerate and basaltic rocks in the middle section. Lava flow units in the basalt are very common, and the sandstone‐conglomerate exhibits sedimentary structures typical of gravity currents, including erosional and slump features, and Bouma sequences. These features suggest that syn‐sedimentary volcanism occurred and the sequence formed in an active, deep marine environment. The basalt has a zircon U–Pb age of 901 ± 10 Ma, indicating that this sequence formed during the Early Neoproterozoic. Basalt samples have moderate SiO2 (45.33–49.18%), and high TiO2 (1.27–4.04%) contents, Mg# values of 25–48, and plot in the alkali basalt field in the Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO2 diagram, indicative of an evolved alkali basalt magma. They show inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns with (La/Yb)N ratios of 4.74–6.53, no pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.87–1.22), no obvious negative Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta anomalies in the primitive‐mantle‐normalized trace‐element diagram, consistent with oceanic island basalts. Considered together, these lithologies resemble those of an oceanic seamount. Our results, and the presence of the previously reported Gubaoquan granitic and mafic rocks (905–865 Ma) that formed in an active continental margin setting and underwent an amphibolite‐facies metamorphism, suggest that the Shuangyingshan‐Huaniushan Terrane may be an accreted terrane that consists of different lithologies with various origins that formed during the Neoproterozoic.
Transoral robotic parapharyngeal approach to the submandibular space
Authors: Floros Peter , Sorrentino Mariano , Magnuson J. Scott
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to demonstrate a novel transoral parapharyngeal approach to the submandibular space. The method used was the clinical case of a patient presenting with an anteriorly based tumor in the left submandibular space. The video shows the transoral robotic technique for access to the submandibular space through the parapharyngeal space for removal of the tumor. This approach allows for high definition visibility and complete access to structures in the submandibular space including the submandibular gland. For robotic head and neck surgeons performing lateral oropharyngectomies, the anatomy is familiar, and the technique avoids potential access issues with traditional floor of mouth incisions. Furthermore, it provides a novel technique for identification of the hypoglossal nerve for potential preservation in oropharyngeal malignancy. The transoral robotic parapharyngeal approach to the submandibular space is safe, reproducible, and avoids unnecessary cervical incisions.
New boundaries and dissociation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal‐ventral axis based on glutamatergic, GABAergic and catecholaminergic receptor densities
Authors: Lothmann Kimberley , Deitersen Jana , Zilles Karl , Amunts Katrin , Herold Christina
Published: September 2020

In rodents, gene‐expression, neuronal tuning, connectivity and neurogenesis studies have postulated that the dorsal, the intermediate and the ventral hippocampal formation (HF) are distinct entities. These findings are underpinned by behavioral studies showing a dissociable role of dorsal and ventral HF in learning, memory, stress and emotional processing. However, up to now, the molecular basis of such differences in relation to discrete boundaries is largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed binding site densities for glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA, kainate and mGluR2/3, GABAergic GABAA (including benzodiazepine binding sites), GABAB, dopaminergic D1/5 and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors as key modulators for signal transmission in hippocampal functions, using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography along the dorsal‐ventral axis of the mouse HF. Beside general different receptor profiles of the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis fields (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4/hilus), we detected substantial differences between dorsal, intermediate and ventral subdivisions and individual layers for all investigated receptor types, except GABAB. For example, striking higher densities of α2 receptors were detected in the ventral DG, while the dorsal DG possesses higher numbers of kainate, NMDA, GABAA and D1/5 receptors. CA1 dorsal and intermediate subdivisions showed higher AMPA, NMDA, mGluR2/3, GABAA, D1/5 receptors, while kainate receptors are higher expressed in ventral CA1, and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region of CA1. CA2 dorsal was distinguished by higher kainate, α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region, while CA3 showed a more complex dissociation. Our findings resulted not only in a clear segmentation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal‐ventral axis, but also provides insights into the neurochemical basis and likely associated physiological processes in hippocampal functions. Therein, the presented data has a high impact for future studies modeling and investigating dorsal, intermediate and ventral hippocampal dysfunction in relation to neurodegenerative diseases or psychiatric disorders.