bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stainless Steel Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling and a Sintering Process Compared to Components Manufactured in Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Schumacher Christian , Moritzer Elmar
Published: February 2021

Metal parts can be manufactured in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process using polymer filaments filled with metal powder. In accordance to the conventional metal injection molding (MIM) process, the FDM process is used to produce green parts. The polymer is removed from these green parts in post‐treatment steps to produce brown parts. Finally, the metal particles of the brown parts are sintered to produce the final components (white parts). During the sintering process, a shrinkage of about 20% occurs in each spatial direction. However, due to the green parts produced in FDM, the shrinkage is influenced by the part orientation on the building platform and the strand deposition strategy. In this publication the BASF 3D Printing Solutions GmbH material Ultrafuse 316L is investigated. This material is a POM (polyoxymethylene) polymer filled with stainless steel (316L) particles which is available in the form of a filament. The investigations focus on the influence of material specific FDM processing parameters and the achievable properties of the white parts. For this purpose, tensile strength tests are carried out. During these investigations, the properties of the green parts are considered in order to produce high‐quality white parts. The density of the green parts is used as an evaluation criterion to directly assess the part quality. Additionally, the possibility of producing partially filled component areas in FDM is being observed.
The state‐level exemption changes in Chapter 7 protection and entrepreneurial activity in the United States
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Devaraj Srikant
Published: February 2021

To predict the effect of bankruptcy laws on entrepreneurial activity, we exploit the 2005 and 2011 staggered state‐level increases in exemptions for the amount of personal wealth protected under Chapter 7 bankruptcy in the United States. We focus on three types of outcomes—firm establishments, entrepreneurship quality, and individual self‐employment. Using state‐, cross‐border‐county‐neighbor‐pair‐, and individual‐level data, the additional state‐level exemptions do not affect any of the three types of entrepreneurial activities, and in cases where the association is statistically significant, the effect sizes are negligible. Our results are inconsistent with theories that predict that asset protection in bankruptcy improves entrepreneurial activity.
Further results on modified harmonic functions in three dimensions
Authors: Leutwiler Heinz
Published: February 2021

The Weinstein equation
, with
, considered in
, is a modification of the classical Laplace equation
. Its solutions are called k‐modified harmonic functions. Whereas for positive integers k the Weinstein equation is relatively well understood, little is known if the parameter k is negative.

The main result of this article is the statement that in case the negative integers are even, i.e.,
, we still have a Fischer‐type decomposition. For
, the classical harmonic functions, this decomposition is well known. But also in case
, a Fischer‐type decomposition holds true, a Fischer‐type decomposition holds true. Surprisingly in case
or
and probably in all higher negative odd cases, the decomposition doesn't hold.

In case
, we give a complete description of the vector space
of homogeneous k‐modified harmonic polynomials of degree n in
. Such a result is also at hand in case
. Finally, in case
of the classical harmonic functions, we give a description of the vector space
.
A trust‐region method for the parameterized generalized eigenvalue problem with nonsquare matrix pencils
Authors: Li Jiao‐fen , Wang Kai , Liu Yue‐yuan , Duan Xue‐feng , Zhou Xue‐lin
Published: February 2021

The l parameterized generalized eigenvalue problems for the nonsquare matrix pencils, proposed by Chu and Golub [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 28(2006), pp. 770‐787], can be formulated as an optimization problem on a corresponding complex product Stiefel manifold. Some early proposed algorithms are based on the first‐order information of the objective function, and fast convergence could not be expected. In this article, we turn the generic Riemannian trust‐region method of Absil et al. into a practical algorithm for solving the underlying problem, which enjoys the global convergence and local superlinear convergence rate. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Detailed comparisons with some existing results (l = 1 and l = n) are given first. For the case l = n, the algorithm can yield exactly the same optimal solution as Ito and Murota's algorithm, which is essentially a direct method to solve the problem. The algorithm runs faster than Boutry et al.'s algorithm for the case l = 1. Further comparisons with some early proposed gradient‐based algorithms, and some latest infeasible methods for solving manifold optimization problems are also provided to show the merits of the proposed approach.
Overcoming Disparities in Cancer: A Need for Meaningful Reform for Hispanic and Latino Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kronenfeld Joshua P. , Graves Kristi D. , Penedo Frank J. , Yanez Betina
Published: February 2021

Hispanic and Latino (HL) cancer survivors are at a critical disadvantage compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients regarding sociodemographic adversities and access to equitable treatment options. By 2030, there will be about four million HL cancer survivors in the U.S., representing nearly 20% of survivors in this country. Hispanics and Latinos are subjected to significant challenges in accessing and receiving equitable care relative to NHWs. Hispanics and Latinos also experience lower rates of health insurance and financial resources, limiting health care options. These disparities often originate from disparate social determinants of health, including lower funding for education and school programs, greater neighborhood stressors and violence, lower access to healthy and affordable food, and greater barriers to community health and exercise opportunities. Even among HL cancer survivors with proper access to health care, they experience disparate treatment options, including low inclusion in clinical trials and/or access to experimental therapies. A solution to these barriers necessitates complex and systemic changes that involve, for example, investing in public health programs, increasing the diversity and cultural awareness of the medical workforce, and promoting research opportunities such as clinical trials that are inclusive of HLs. Only through meaningful reform will equitable cancer care be available for all in the U.S. regardless of racial and/or ethnic background. This article reviews some of the critical social determinants of health and biases relevant to HL cancer survivors and provides recommendations for achieving cancer health equity.

Implications for Practice

Hispanics and Latinos experience a significant and often disproportionate cancer-related burden compared with non-Hispanic and Latino White individuals and other racial and ethnic groups. Meaningful reform to achieve health equity in oncology should focus on approaches to gaining trust among diverse patients, cultural and community sensitivity and engagement in oncology care and research, diversifying the workforce, and improving inclusion in clinical trial participation. Taken together, these recommendations can lead to exemplary and equitable care for all patients.
Residue analysis of thermally depolymerized phthalaldehyde‐based polymer thin films
Authors: Engler Anthony , Lo Chi Kin , Kohl Paul A.
Published: February 2021

In this study, thermolysis of poly(phthalaldehyde), pPHA, was investigated, and the nonvolatile residues produced were characterized by bulk and surface analyses to provide insight into its use as a resist material for thermal scanning probe lithography. A temperature of 300°C for a short time was required to remove nearly all of the residue produced from pPHA depolymerization. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to quantify the trace amount of hydrocarbon residue after thermolysis. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) results show that the residue is largely PHA monomers and oligomers, but also include hydrocarbon char. Differences in molecular weight and composition of the residue as a function of copolymer composition were investigated to give insight into designing new thermal resist materials.
On finding the zero‐shear‐rate viscosity of polymer melts
Authors: Shaw Montgomery T.
Published: February 2021

A significant fraction of the experimental works on the rheology of polymer melts include an attempt to find the zero‐shear‐rate viscosity η0. This is done for good reasons, because η0 is a limiting property that depends only on thermodynamic variables and, importantly, the molecular and supermolecular structure of the melt. As with all limiting properties, η0 is impossible to measure directly. Fortunately with many melts, it can be estimated from viscosity measurements at very low shear rates or frequencies, but still remains one of those properties that becomes in the limit very prone to error. The common approach is to use a set of frequency‐ or shear‐rate‐dependent data and extrapolate to find η0. As with any extrapolation, the major question is the function used for the extrapolation. This question is addressed in some detail in this article. The question of which function to use was discarded in favor of using a large sample of 20 equations of many functional forms. This sample of randomly chosen equations was used to generate a set of η0 values, and the statistics of this distribution were examined, in the usual fashion, by description with an analytical probability density function that gives a high probability of being a likely generator of the data. In addition, a weighted average was proposed, where the weighting factor takes into account the quality of the fit. For testing these ideas, the room temperature melts of poly(vinyl isobutyl ether), poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethyl siloxane) were used. The η0 of the latter was reachable; for the other resins, a falling ball technique was attempted.
Effect of Pressure on Mechanical Properties of Composite Propellant
Authors: Bihari Bipin Kumar , Kumaraswamy Adepu , Jain Mukesh , Rao Nellutla P. N. , Murthy Krothapalli P. S.
Published: February 2021

Composite propellant must possess sufficient structural capability to withstand the various loading conditions. Several attempts are made worldwide to evaluate mechanical properties of composite propellant at different temperatures and strain rates but effect of pressure has not been yet fully elaborated. In the present study, effect of pressure on mechanical properties of composite propellant was evaluated and discussed to obtain the best possible simulation of firing phenomena. The Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used to characterize the mechanical behavior of AP/ Al/ HTPB based composite propellant at different strain rates of 0.001916 s‐1, 0.01916 s‐1, 0.1916 s‐1 and 0.9578 s‐1 at various pressure of 0.1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 MPa. The study reveals that the structural capabilities of studied propellant is increasing with pressure up to a threshold limit and then decreases. The strain capability of studied composite propellant increases with increase in strain rate at a given pressure and it possess maximum stress capability when operated in the pressure range of 4 to 6 MPa. These findings can be used efficiently during the design and development of solid rocket motor and development of a new propellant formulation. Further, the failure boundary envelope has also been generated to study the effect of pressure and strain rate simultaneously.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: Impact on potential therapies
Authors: Zha Kangkang , Yang Yu , Tian Guangzhao , Sun Zhiqiang , Yang Zhen , Li Xu , Sui Xiang , Liu Shuyun , Zhao Jinmin , Guo Quanyi
Published: February 2021

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising for the treatment of degenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. However, MSC engraftment is not always successful and requires a strong comprehension of the cytokines and their receptors that mediate the biological behaviors of MSCs. The effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its two receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, on neural cells are well studied. Increasing evidence shows that NGF, TrkA, and p75NTR are also involved in various aspects of MSC function, including their survival, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The regulatory effect of NGF on MSCs is thought to be achieved mainly through its binding to TrkA. p75NTR, another receptor of NGF, is regarded as a novel surface marker of MSCs. This review provides an overview of advances in understanding the roles of NGF and its receptors in MSCs as well as the effects of MSC-derived NGF on other cell types, which will provide new insight for the optimization of MSC-based therapy.
Roles of constraint and attachment in crowdfunder behavior for sustainable development: An extended theory of planned behavior
Authors: Kim Myung Ja , Petrick James F.
Published: February 2021

Crowdfunding based financing, via the internet, can be a solution for sustainable development. In order to better understand this under researched area, the objective of this study was to build and test a theoretical model to help understand crowdfunder behavior related to sustainable development applying the theories of planned behavior, constraints, and attachment style. To accomplish the research goals, an Internet survey was conducted between March 11 and 23, 2020 in South Korea. Data from 487 respondents, who participated in sustainability crowdfunding during the past year, were analyzed utilizing partial least squares‐structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results revealed that perceived constraints related to sustainability crowdfunding had significantly negative impacts on attitude and behavioral intentions. In addition, perceptions of crowdfunding for sustainability were found to positively influence attitudes and subjective norms. Moreover, behavioral intentions were found to significantly and positively be affected by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Additionally, respondents with high anxiety attachment were found to have their perceived constraints and attitudes to have greater impacts on their behavioral intentions than their counterparts. Also, crowdfunders with high avoidance attachment were found to have larger effects between their perceived constraints and attitudes, perceived constraints and behavioral intentions, perceptions and attitudes, and perceived behavioral control and behavioral intentions than their counterparts. Accordingly, results suggest theoretical and managerial insights related to crowdfunding for sustainable development.
Limbal Stem Cells on Bacterial Nanocellulose Carriers for Ocular Surface Regeneration
Authors: Anton‐Sales Irene , Koivusalo Laura , Skottman Heli , Laromaine Anna , Roig Anna
Published: February 2021

Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are already used in cell‐based treatments for ocular surface disorders. Clinical translation of LSCs‐based therapies critically depends on the successful delivery, survival, and retention of these therapeutic cells to the desired region. Such a major bottleneck could be overcome by using an appropriate carrier to provide anchoring sites and structural support to LSC culture and transplantation. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is an appealing, yet unexplored, candidate for this application because of its biocompatibility, animal‐free origin and mechanical stability. Here, BNC as a vehicle for human embryonic stem cells‐derived LSC (hESC‐LSC) are investigated. To enhance cell‐biomaterial interactions, a plasma activation followed by a Collagen IV and Laminin coating of the BNC substrates is implemented. This surface functionalization with human extracellular matrix proteins greatly improved the attachment and survival of hESC‐LSC without compromising the flexible, robust and semi‐transparent nature of the BNC. The surface characteristics of the BNC substrates are described and a preliminary ex vivo test in simulated transplantation scenarios is provided. Importantly, it is shown that hESC‐LSC retain their self‐renewal and stemness characteristics up to 21 days on BNC substrates. These results open the door for future research on hESC‐LSC/BNC constructs to treat severe ocular surface pathologies.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Nayak Kishore
Published: February 2021

Any discussion about the history of surgery inevitably begins with an invariable reference to Suśruta and his contributions to facial surgery, in particular. While the contributions of the sixth-century sage surgeon may somewhat be nebulous in a foggy poorly documented history, they are inevitably (and arguably) numerous but need not be elaborated here in any manner. What is lesser known and not often spoken about is that Suśruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated, “Surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances. Hence, it is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is eternal and a source of infinite piety, imports fame and opens the gates of Heaven to its votaries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps men in successfully fulfilling their missions and earning a decent competence in life.”
Dentoalveolar Injuries and Wiring Techniques
Authors: Shetye Omkar Anand
Published: February 2021

Traumatic dental injuries account for majority of maxillofacial injuries affecting soft tissues as well as maxillofacial bones. History of immediate local measures employed to reduce the severity of injury helps in eliciting information regarding the original condition of the injured area. Time elapsed post trauma plays a major role in determining outcome of the intervention. Goal of the treatment is directed towards achieving the pre-traumatic occlusion and intra arch contour.
Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Baig Mirza Farhatullah , Ashok Yashoda
Published: February 2021

Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome or myofascial pain disorder is one among the triad of disturbances that is encompassed within the umbrella term, TMJ disorders. Due to a lack of consensus on definitive symptoms and mode of diagnosis, it continues to remain an elusive entity for clinicians working with head and neck disorders and dentists alike. Additionally, There is a general lack of simplification in literature to enhance understanding and this is further complicated by the use of multiple descriptive terminologies to refer to the disorder. It is the objective of this chapter to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject for the reader, to clarify the various nuances of diagnosis, treatment planning and management modalities in addition to throwing light on the evolving terminologies, causative mechanisms and recent trends in MPDS management. The author has also highlighted the importance of a multi modality management approach, psychological rehabilitation with long term patient follow up. The authors personal experience with the use of specialised splints has been elucidated with relevant clinical case scenarios.
Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Warburton Gary
Published: February 2021

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD) is a broad term encompassing many diseases affecting the TMJ and the surrounding structures and includes internal derangement or disc displacement disorders. Our understanding of internal derangement, its causation, and treatments have evolved over the years, and we are now able to offer effective nonsurgical and surgical management strategies. This chapter will discuss the evolution of our understanding of TMJ internal derangement, diagnosis, causation, and management strategies.
Operating Room Protocols and Infection Control
Authors: Bali Rishi Kumar
Published: February 2021

In the modern day’s Oral and Maxillofacial surgical practice, complex surgical and aesthetical procedures are being carried out associated with an increased risk of infectious complications. Therefore, to ensure better outcomes of the surgical procedures, it is absolutely necessary that appropriate measures must be taken to decrease the incidence of associated infections. The practices to be carried out for infection control include proper scrubbing procedures for both patient and the operator, specific protocols to be followed by the operating personnel at the time of procedures, proper handling of the instruments and maintaining an aseptic environment throughout the procedure. The main aim of this chapter is to provide information on the preoperative, operative and post-operative protocols that should be adhered to improve the safety of the patients undergoing surgical procedures.
Increased Expression of Colonic Mucosal Melatonin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Correlated with Gut Dysbiosis
Authors: Wang Ben , Zhu Shiwei , Liu Zuojing , Wei Hui , Zhang Lu , He Meibo , Pei Fei , Zhang Jindong , Sun Qinghua , Duan Liping
Published: February 2021

Dysregulation of the gut microbiota/gut hormone axis contributes to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Melatonin plays a beneficial role in gut motility and immunity. However, altered expression of local mucosal melatonin in IBS and its relationship with the gut microbiota remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to detect the colonic melatonin levels and microbiota profiles in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and explore their relationship in germ-free (GF) rats and BON-1 cells. Thirty-two IBS-D patients and twenty-eight healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Fecal specimens from IBS-D patients and HCs were separately transplanted into GF rats by gavage. The levels of colon mucosal melatonin were assessed by immunohistochemical methods, and fecal microbiota communities were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. The effect of butyrate on melatonin synthesis in BON-1 cells was evaluated by ELISA. Melatonin levels were significantly increased and negatively correlated with visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D patients. GF rats inoculated with fecal microbiota from IBS-D patients had high colonic melatonin levels. Butyrate-producing Clostridium cluster XIVa species, such as Roseburia species and Lachnospira species, were positively related to colonic mucosal melatonin expression. Butyrate significantly increased melatonin secretion in BON-1 cells. Increased melatonin expression may be an adaptive protective mechanism in the development of IBS-D. Moreover, some Clostridium cluster XIVa species could increase melatonin expression via butyrate production. Modulation of the gut hormone/gut microbiota axis offers a promising target of interest for IBS in the future.
Eliminating Selves and Persons
Authors: CHADHA MONIMA
Published: February 2021

The Buddhist no-self and no-person revisionary metaphysics aims to produce a better structure that is motivated by the normative goal of eliminating, or at least reducing, suffering. The revised structure, in turn, entails a major reconsideration of our ordinary everyday person-related concerns and practices and interpersonal attitudes, such as moral responsibility, praise and blame, compensation, and social treatment. This essay explores the extent to which we must alter and perhaps discard some of our practical commitments in light of the Buddhist revisionism. I do not argue here that we should change our ordinary practices, concerns, and attitudes, or that the Buddhist metaphysics does succeed in presenting a better structure. Rather, I offer it as an alternative structure that should be considered seriously.
‘How do you get to Tim Hortons?’ Direction-giving in Ontario dialects
Authors: Schlegl Lisa , Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: February 2021

In this study, we target the speech act of direction-giving using variationist sociolinguistic methods within a corpus of vernacular speech from six Ontario communities. Not only do we find social and geographical correlates to linguistic choices in direction-giving, but we also establish the influence of the physical layout of the community/place in question. Direction-giving in the urban center of Toronto (Southern Ontario) contrasts with five Northern Ontario communities. Northerners use more relative directions, while Torontonians use more cardinal directions, landmarks, and proper street names – for example,Go east on Bloor to the Manulife Centre. We also find that specific lexical choices (e.g.,Take a rightvs.Make a right) distinguish direction-givers in Northern Ontario from those in Toronto. These differences identify direction-giving as an ideal site for sociolinguistic and dialectological investigation and corroborate previous findings documenting regional variation in Canadian English.
Breakfast skipping alone and in interaction with inflammatory based quality of diet increases the risk of higher scores of psychological problems profile in a large sample of Iranian adults
Authors: Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Feizi Awat , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Afshar Hamid , Adibi Peyman
Published: February 2021

The authors investigate the association of breakfast skipping and its interaction with a dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the severity of psychological disorders. A total of 2876 Iranian general adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Psychological problems profile score was calculated using the regression method in the framework of factor analysis based on depression, anxiety and psychological distress. The higher scores indicate more severity of mental problem. The frequency of breakfast eating in a week was assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire and twenty-seven items were included in the calculation of DII. In the crude model, individuals who ate breakfast seldom had the highest odds for having worse psychological problems profile (OR 3⋅59; 95 % CI 2⋅52, 5⋅11). Adjustment for various confounders did not change the associations (OR 3⋅35; 95 % CI 2⋅11, 5⋅32). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, participants with high DII (>median) who skipped breakfast had highest risk of being in the higher tertiles of psychological problems profile compared with those who had low DII (<median) and ate breakfast (OR 6⋅67; 95 % CI 3⋅45, 12⋅90). Similar results were observed in women and men regarding the impact of breakfast skipping alone and interaction with DII on scores of psychological problems profile. Breakfast skipping is associated with higher risk of psychological problems. Similar findings were obtained in the stratified analysis by sex. Our findings confirmed that the DII and breakfast skipping are associated with mental health, interactionally. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the true link between breakfast skipping and psychological problems.
Flood events caused by discharge from Qaanaaq Glacier, northwestern Greenland
Authors: Kondo Ken , Sugiyama Shin , Sakakibara Daiki , Fukumoto Shungo
Published: February 2021

As a result of climate warming, glacial meltwater discharge has been increasing in Greenland. During the summers of 2015 and 2016, there were rapid increases in discharge from Qaanaaq Glacier in northwestern Greenland. These discharges resulted in floods that destroyed the road linking the settlement of Qaanaaq to Qaanaaq Airport. Field measurements were performed and a numerical model of glacier runoff was developed to quantify these discharges. The high discharge associated with the 2015 flood, estimated at 9.1 m3 s−1 (hourly mean), resulted from intensive glacier melting due to warm air temperature and strong winds, while the high discharge associated with the 2016 flood resulted from heavy rainfall (90 mm d−1) that led to a peak discharge estimated at 19.9 m3 s−1. The developed model, when used to investigate future glacier runoff under warming conditions, revealed a nonlinear increase in glacial melt with increasing temperature. Additionally, the model forecasted a threefold increase in total summer discharge, owing to a 4 °C rise in temperature. Thus, this study quantified the impact of a changing climate on glacier runoff, which gives insight into future risks of flood hazards along the coast of Greenland.
Reputation and Advertising of Collective Brand Members in the Wine Industry: The Moderating Role of Market Share
Authors: Sellers-Rubio Ricardo , Mas-Ruiz Francisco , Sancho-Esper Franco
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the nonlinear relationship between the advertising investment and reputation of collective brand members in an experience goods industry, as well as the moderating role of their market share within the collective brand. The central assumption is that the quality reputation of collective brand members has a positive effect on their advertising investment until a reputation threshold is reached, after which the effect on advertising investment becomes negative. This change in the slope is explained by the information sets (firm reputation and collective reputation) used by consumers to reduce uncertainty, which leads to a weaker motivation for the firm to invest in advertising. In addition, scale economies of advertising mean that the market share of collective brand members negatively moderates the curvilinear relationship between quality reputation and advertising investment. The results for a sample of 176 companies in a Spanish experience goods industry (i.e., winemaking) between 2004 and 2014 show an inverted U-shaped relationship between the advertising investment and reputation of collective brand members. The results also show that market share negatively moderates this curvilinear relationship. (JEL Classifications: M31, M37, Q13)
Varieties of capital and gender party office in Italy
Authors: Bordandini Paola , Mulè Rosa
Published: February 2021

This article advances a new approach based on ‘varieties of capital’ to explain gendered upward mobility in political parties. Research on gender political advancement unduly neglects women delegates to national party congresses. Our work seeks to redress the imbalance by drawing on data gathered from 5,122 questionnaires issued to national party delegates at 20 national conventions that took place between 2004 and 2013 in Italy. To analyse the data we develop a new framework based on ‘varieties of capital’. Our approach builds on Bourdieu's three types of personal capital – economic, social and cultural – and interprets the findings borrowing analytical tools from recent feminist institutional theory, especially the concept of homosocial capital. Comparisons of male and female party delegates in terms of background and their political trajectories reveal the persistence of an uneven playing field, with gendered hierarchies in Italian political parties confirming an international pattern.
Robert M. Young's Mind, Brain and Adaptation revisited
Authors: Lawrence Christopher
Published: February 2021

Robert Maxwell Young's first book Mind, Brain and Adaptation in the Nineteenth Century (1970), written from 1960 to 1965, still merits reading as a study of the naturalization of mind and its relation to social thought in Victorian Britain. I examine the book from two perspectives that give the volume its unique character: first, Young's interest in psychology, which he considered should be used to inform humane professional practices and be the basis of social reform; second, new approaches to the history of scientific ideas. I trace Young's intellectual interests to the Yale Philosophy Department, the Cambridge Department of Experimental Psychology and a new history and philosophy of science community. Although Young changed his political outlook and historiography radically after 1965, he always remained faithful to ideas about thought and practice described in Mind, Brain.
Who Gets What: The Economy, Relative Gains and Brexit
Authors: Green Jane , Hellwig Timothy , Fieldhouse Edward
Published: February 2021

There has been a lively debate about the economic and cultural-based drivers of support for populism. This article argues that economic concerns matter, but that they are realized through the relative gains and losses of social groups. Using new survey items in a large representative survey administered in Britain, it shows that citizens' economic assessments of the ethnic minority out-group – in relation to the group's situation 12 months ago and to assessments of the economic conditions of the white British in-group – are a predictor of support for Brexit. The results, which are robust to prior referendum vote, immigration attitudes and cultural sentiment, extend across income groups and national identity strength. Extending the analysis to a comparison of geographic in- and out-groups between local communities and London lends additional support to the argument. The implications of relative group-based economics are important for understanding Brexit and the economic sources of support for populism more broadly.
A Coptic Magical Text for Virginity in Marriage: A Witness to “Celibate Marriage” from Christian Egypt
Authors: Blumell Lincoln H. , Dosoo Korshi
Published: February 2021

The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum in San Jose (CA) owns a small but important collection of unpublished Coptic papyri and parchments. One notable papyrus preserves a unique text in which the practitioner invokes an unnamed female figure to help a woman protect her “purity,” “virginity,” and “marriage.” Although the specific context behind the text is not altogether clear and the appeal for virginity in marriage is curious and without parallel in other magical texts, one possibility is to see the text in light of the Christian practice of celibate marriage whereby a male and female entered into a non-sexual marriage.
Embedded Liberalism in the Digital Era
Authors: Mansfield Edward D. , Rudra Nita
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the volume and intensity of attacks on globalization have been steadily rising. It is frequently argued that the antiglobalization backlash stems from strains that have been placed on the compromise of embedded liberalism. We argue that existing research underemphasizes how technological change and the digital revolution have contributed to these strains. Global value chains facilitated by the digital revolution have linked technology in advanced industrial countries to low-cost labor in developing countries, precipitating distributional losses for low-skilled labor in the industrial world. Further, the digital revolution has led to regulatory challenges involving both capital and labor. We argue that, as a result, governments face both mounting opposition to globalization and heightened difficulty in supporting the programs and policies necessary to buffer the adverse domestic effects of globalization and maintain support for embedded liberalism.
Genotype by environment interaction for fat and protein yieldsviareaction norms in Holstein cattle of southern Brazil
Authors: Mulim Henrique Alberto , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Pinto Luís Fernando Batista , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Valloto Altair Antônio , Pedrosa Victor Breno
Published: February 2021

Our objective was to evaluate the genetic merit of Holstein cattle population in southern Brazil in response to variations in the regional temperature by analyzing the genotype by environment interaction using reaction norms. Fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) data of 67 360 primiparous cows were obtained from the database of the Paraná Holstein Breeders Association, Brazil (APCBRH). The regional average annual temperature was used as the environmental variable. A random regression model was adopted applying mixed models with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) algorithm using WOMBAT software. The genetic merit of the 15 most representative bulls, depending on the temperature gradient, was evaluated. Heritability ranged from 0.21 to 0.27 for FY and from 0.14 to 0.20 for PY. The genetic correlation observed among the environmental gradients proved to be higher than 0.80 for both traits. Slight reranking of bulls for both traits was detected, demonstrating that non-relevant genotype by environment interaction for FY and PY were observed. Consequently, no inclusion of the temperature effect in the model of genetic evaluation in southern Brazilian Holstein breed is required.
Evaluation of different acute-phase proteins for herd health diagnostics in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Schmitt Ruth , Pieper Laura , Gonzalez-Grajales L. Antonio , Swinkels Jantijn , Gelfert Carl-Christian , Staufenbiel Rudolf
Published: February 2021

This research communication describes (1) the comparison of acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations in transition dairy cows on different farms using both pooled and individual blood samples, and (2) the association among different APP and clinical health parameters. The first hypothesis was that early postpartum dairy cows from different farms differ in the level of inflammation, which might be determined using APP assays in both pooled and individual blood samples. The second hypothesis was that the APP haptoglobin (Hp) might be the most sensitive parameter to detect cows at risk of excessive postpartum inflammation concomitant with systemic disease. Serum concentrations of Hp, serum amyloid-A (SAA), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), coeruloplasmin (Cp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 100 fresh lactating cows (within 0–8 d postpartum) from 10 farms were compared and associated to clinical health parameters (rectal body temperature, vaginal discharge (Metricheck™ score), rumen fill, vulvovaginal laceration) using both pooled and individual blood samples. Mean serum concentrations of Hp, SAA and TP revealed significant differences among farms. Pooled serum samples of farms showed high correlations with the mean of individual samples. Only Hp was significantly positively correlated to both body temperature and Metricheck™ score. In conclusion, Hp differentiates dairy farms regarding the inflammatory state of transition cows using individual and pooled serum samples within the first week postpartum. It also mirrors the individual degree of inflammation, thus proving to be a diagnostic parameter of high interest during the periparturient period.
Ambulatory management of common ENT emergencies – what's the evidence?
Authors: Heining C J , Amlani A , Doshi J
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has necessitated changes to ‘usual’ ways of practice in otolaryngology, with a view towards out-patient or ambulatory management of appropriate conditions. This paper reviews the available evidence for out-patient management of three of the most common causes for emergency referral to the otolaryngology team: tonsillitis, peri-tonsillar abscess and epistaxis.

Methods

A literature review was performed, searching all available online databases and resources. The Medical Subject Headings ‘tonsillitis’, ‘pharyngotonsillitis’, ‘quinsy’, ‘peritonsillar abscess’ and ‘epistaxis’ were used. Papers discussing out-patient management were reviewed by the authors.

Results

Out-patient and ambulatory pathways for tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess are well described for patients meeting appropriate criteria. Safe discharge of select patients is safe and should be encouraged in the current clinical climate. Safe discharge of patients with epistaxis who have bleeding controlled is also well described.

Conclusion

In select cases, tonsillitis, quinsy and epistaxis patients can be safely managed out of hospital, with low re-admission rates.
Contractual and stewardship timescapes: The cultural logics of US–Philippines environmental conflict and negotiations
Authors: Reyes Victoria
Published: February 2021

In 1992, the US military withdrew from its bases in the Philippines. But they left behind environmental toxins that continue to pollute the land and people. Why was the US military able to leave without cleaning up this environmental damage? What can the environment tell us about the broader Philippine–US relationship? In this article I analyse a 2002 class action lawsuit against the United States regarding environmental damages caused by the US military. I argue that at the heart of these legal arguments are different understandings of time and history, what I call a contractual timescape versus a stewardship timescape.
Salvaging Truth from Ontological Scrap
Authors: Cornell David M.
Published: February 2021

What should one do when one's philosophical conclusions run counter to common sense? Bow to the might of ordinary opinion or follow the indiscriminate force of philosophical reason, no matter where it leads? A few strategies have recently been proposed which suggest we needn't have to make this difficult choice at all. According to these views, we can accept the truths of common sense whilst simultaneously endorsing philosophical views with which they seem to conflict. We can, for instance, accept it as true that the Taj Mahal is in India, whilst also eliminating the Taj Mahal from our ontology. I argue that these strategies generate a new conflict with common sense and thus undercut one of the central motivations that drives them. I also argue for the stronger claim that these kinds of ‘truth-salvaging’ strategy are incapablein principleof reconciling theory with common sense. This does not mean that they must be abandoned, for there may be good independent reasons for endorsing them, but it does eliminate one of their most promising advantages. The upshot of the paper will be two-fold. First, one of the major motivations for endorsing these kinds of strategy will be severely undermined. Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, it will mean that for those who think philosophy should be strictly constrained by common sense, all radical ontological views will effectively be off the table.
Longitudinal symptom network structure in first-episode psychosis: a possible marker for remission
Authors: Piao Yan Hong , Yun Je-Yeon , Nguyen Thong Ba , Kim Woo-Sung , Sui Jing , Kang Nam-In , Lee Keon-Hak , Ryu Seunghyong , Kim Sung-Wan , Lee Bong Ju , Kim Jung Jin , Yu Je-Chun , Lee Kyu Young , Won Seung-Hee , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Seung-Hyun , Kang Shi Hyun , Kim Euitae , Chung Young Chul
Published: February 2021

Background

Network approach has been applied to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to identify network structures of remitters and non-remitters in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) at baseline and the 6-month follow-up.

Methods

Participants (n= 252) from the Korean Early Psychosis Study (KEPS) were enrolled. They were classified as remitters or non-remitters using Andreasen's criteria. We estimated network structure with 10 symptoms (three symptoms from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, one depressive symptom, and six symptoms related to schema and rumination) as nodes using a Gaussian graphical model. Global and local network metrics were compared within and between the networks over time.

Results

Global network metrics did not differ between the remitters and non-remitters at baseline or 6 months. However, the network structure and nodal strengths associated with positive-self and positive-others scores changed significantly in the remitters over time. Unique central symptoms for remitters and non-remitters were cognitive brooding and negative-self, respectively. The correlation stability coefficients for nodal strength were within the acceptable range.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that network structure and some nodal strengths were more flexible in remitters. Negative-self could be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
Motion Control of a Flock of 1-Trailer Robots with Swarm Avoidance
Authors: Raj Jai , Raghuwaiya Krishna , Sharma Bibhya , Vanualailai Jito
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the motion planning and control problem of a system of 1-trailer robots navigating a dynamic environment cluttered with obstacles including a swarm of boids. A set of nonlinear continuous control laws is proposed via the Lyapunov-based Control Scheme for collision, obstacle, and swarm avoidances. Additionally, a leader–follower strategy is utilized to allow the flock to split and rejoin when approaching obstacles. The effectiveness of the control laws is demonstrated through numerical simulations, which show the split and rejoin maneuvers by the flock when avoiding obstacles while the swarm exhibits emergent behaviors.
The Childhood of Theatre: The Errant Method for an ‘Infant Public’
Authors: Guidi Chiara , Laster Dominika
Published: February 2021

Chiara Guidi, along with Romeo and Claudia Castellucci, was one of the founders in 1981 of Societas Raffaello Sanzio (now renamed Societas), the Italian company that, above any other, has been at the forefront of the international theatre scene since the early 1980s. She was the soul of dramatic rhythm and vocal composition for the company’s productions, directing numerous plays and researching each actor’s spoken part. Author and producer of sound theatre since the 1990s, she has also created an intense artistic experience with children as part of her research and analysis of the relationship between voice and childhood, which has earned her several awards, including an Ubu Prize in 2013. In this interview1 she discusses the early projects of Societas Raffaello Sanzio, which explored immersive, environmental performances for and with children – a line of research within the company’s multidirectional and overlapping experimental activity that she led. Dominika Laster is Associate Professor of Theatre and Performance Studies at the University of New Mexico. She is the author of Grotowski’s Bridge Made of Memory: Embodied Memory, Witnessing and Transmission in the Grotowski Work (2016), and is Executive Co-Director of the ‘Performance in the Peripheries’ initiative (see https://www.performanceperipheries.com).
Co-variation, style and social meaning: The implicational relationship between (h) and (ing) in Debden, Essex
Authors: Cole Amanda
Published: February 2021

This paper demonstrates that the differing social meanings held by linguistic features can result in an implicational relationship between them. Rates of (h) and (ing) are investigated in the casual speech of sixty-three speakers from a community with Cockney heritage: Debden, Essex. The indexicalities of h-dropping in Debden (signalling Cockney) are superordinate to and incorporate the indexicalities of g-dropping (working-class, “improper”), resulting in an implicational relationship. H-dropping implies g-dropping, but g-dropping can occur independently of h-dropping. This occurs in terms of co-variation at the between-speaker level and clustering effects at the within-speaker level which is measured through a novel approach using the number of phonemes as the denomination of distance. The features’ differing social meaning are also related to rates of change. Young speakers are shifting away from linguistic features which index Cockney heritage (h-dropping; the [-Iŋk] variant of -thing words) in favor of more general, southeastern, working-class norms (g-dropping).