bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS IN FRUIT JUICE COLLECTED FROM MARKETS IN AND AROUND GOREGAON SUBURBAN AREA OF MUMBAI
Authors: R.Wagh Rahul
Published: May 2022

Samples (fruits) were collected from various markets of Goregaon market in the month of December and washed under
running water &Kept in deep freezer until use. The fruits were identied as per the guideline given in the literature. Fruits
were processed for digestion in the zoology laboratory as per the procedure. The results were obtained as A1, Co, Fe, and Ni higher than the WHO
Standard. The results of the study reveal that the fruits were contaminated by metal ions. Present study suggests that due to presence of heavy
metals in fruits may pose health hazards therefore; further study is required to minimize the evils of danger.
CORRELATION OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE WITH TRANSBRONCHIAL LUNG BIOPSY
Authors: K Vasvani Simran , Kothari Sadhana , Patel Rushi
Published: May 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men and in women it has surpassed even breast
cancer. Pulmonary cytology and histopathology are valuable tools in the diagnosis of lung malignancies. This Methods:
was one-year prospective study between February 2021 to February 2022.. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done in 120 patients presenting with
signicant complains. Histopathology correlation was done for same. Results: Adenocarcinoma were most common lesions. Malignancy was
reported in 82 cases. Pulmonary cytology and histopathology are valuable tools in the diagnosis of lung malignancies. Conclusion: Pulmonary
diseases especially malignancies have shown a male predilection and this trend seems to be due to a higher rate of tobacco consumption amongst
the males.
AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF E-CADHERIN, VIMENTIN AND KI-67 EXPRESSION IN RESPECT TO CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Iqbal Tabassum , Kalyani Pathuri Naga , Padmaja Vani
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:- According to WHO, Oral cancer is one of the three most prevalent cancers in Asia, among which
India accounts for approximately one third. Immunological markers E-cadherin, Vimentin and Ki-67 plays a major role in
determining invasiveness, metastasis and prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. To study the expression of immunological AIM:-
markers E-cadherin, Vimentin and Ki-67 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and evaluate their expression concerning clinicopathological prole.
METHODS:-It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 60 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma done for two years. Expression of
immunological markers E-cadherin, Vimentin and Ki-67 were evaluated and correlated with its pathology. Majority of the patients RESULTS:-
with Oral Carcinoma belonged to the 51 – 60 years age group with male predominance(2.3:1). 45% had on Tongue, 22% on the buccal mucosa,
12% on Hard palate, 8% on Lips, 5% on Soft palate and Uvula,3% on Anterior pillar and Retromolar trigone and 2% on Floor of mouth. Ecadherin was positive in 72% with 38% strong positivity. Vimentin was positive in 33% with 20% strong positivity. Ki-67 expression was high in
67% of the cases. Lymph node metastasis showing 13% E-cadherin positivity , 22% Vimentin positive, 30% Ki-67 positive. CONCLUSION:-
OSCC cell proliferation research must be further extended as it can be helpful to forecast survival rates for a deeper understanding of protein
expression and the interaction between biomarker and therapeutic aspects of these patients.
UVEITIC GLAUCOMA: RESULTS OF A RETROSPECTİVE CLİNİCAL, EPİDEMİOLOGİCAL AND ETİOPATHOGENETİC ANALYSİS
Authors: Majidova Romel Sabina
Published: May 2022

Purpose - to evaluate the results of a comparative retrospective analysis of the clinical material of patients with uveal
glaucoma (UG) based on the materials of the National Centre of Ophthalmology named after acad. Zarifa Aliyeva and
branches of the Centre.
Material And Methods- A retrospective analysis of the clinical material was 1172 patients over the age of 18 years with uveitis and UG
according to the ve-year data of the National Centre of Ophthalmology named after acad. Zarifa Aliyeva, Masalli, Ganja branches and the data
of the Sheki branch for two years of its functioning. Research methods: ophthalmic, laboratory, general clinical, statistical.
Results- The absolute number of patients with uveal pathology was 1172 (47.9% in the acute stage, 52.1% in the chronic stage). Out of all 1172
patients diagnosed with Uveitis, 581 (49.6%) were diagnosed with uveal ocular hypertension (UOH). There was no statistical difference when
comparing the frequency of detection of UOH depending on the stage of the inammatory process. Basically, out of 581 patients UOH was found
with anterior uveitis (78.7%). Due to the use of special research methods (gonioscopy, tonometry, perimetry, optical coherence tomography,
Heidelberg retinotomography), when changes in the optic nerve disc and the visual eld were detected, uveal glaucoma has been diagnosed. UG
out of all 1172 patients was found in 134 patients (11.4%), mainly in the chronic stage of the uveal process (67.2%). Despite persistent
recommendations to patients at risk of developing UG about the need for re-treatment, in the overwhelming majority cases of late visits of
patients in the stage of already advanced glaucoma were recorded - 40.3%, requiring radical surgical treatment to eliminate late organic
secondary complications of uveitis.
Conclusion- In order to detect and treat UG in a timely manner, regular dynamic monitoring of patients with UOH is required both in the acute
and in the chronic stages of the inammatory process of the vascular tract.
OXYGEN UPSTREAM FROM PATIENT END TO PRODUCTION
Authors: Richi Pandey Rachana , Uike Satyendra , Tiwari Jyoti , Jain Amit
Published: May 2022

The world has been facing unprecedented times for last two years, owing to one of the deadliest medical crises- the war
against corona virus. In such gleamy situation, the medical fraternity is trying hard to leave no stones unturned for
ensuring proper healthcare delivery. Despite making good progress with the vaccination policy, the current situation requires effective
management of healthcare services and supplies at the ground level facilities such as hospitals, primary healthcare units, nursing homes, and
others. In response, the judicious use of oxygen or oxygen management in these health care facilities can save lives by ensuring proper supply to
meet patient requirements. This article pinpoints the rational and viable oxygen management process for handling the load on medical
professionals as well as production plants. Based on the analysis of the problems at hand, the article provides insights and suggestions to ensure
unrestricted and timely oxygen supply in the healthcare units.
POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOPARTICLES AS DELIVERY VEHICLE IN COMBATING DISEASES
Authors: Kumar Mandal Ardhendu
Published: May 2022

Conventional chemotherapy against various diseases causes severe side effects in the biological system. To overcome
drug toxicity, insolubility and resistance, and to get greater therapeutic efcacies, vesicular biodegradable and
biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles have attracted attention as drug delivery vehicle. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles owing to their
nanosizes, spherical shapes and easy surface functionalization capability with drug encapsulation characteristics are utilized as drug carrier for
targeted biomedical applications. This review is mainly focused on the preparation of polycaprolactone nanoparticles with their surface
functionalization and their usages in different targeted drug delivery applications.
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC TAPING ON ENDURANCE, PAIN, DISABILITY AND MOBILITY IN SPORTS PERSON WITH NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Jain Piyush , Misra Anand , Pal Akshay
Published: May 2022

Evidence suggests that the application of Kinesiology Tape (KT) on sports person with chronic non-specic low back
pain is inconclusive. Dynamic tape (DT) is a comparatively new technique, which is gradually being used as an
adjunctive technique to treat musculoskeletal problems. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the application of DT in sports person with
chronic non-specic low back pain.
To compare the immediate effects of Dynamic taping versus Kinesiology Tape (KT) on endurance, pain, disability and mobility in sports person
with chronic non-specic low back pain. 30 subjecs with CNLBP were randomly assigned in two groups. Outcomes were measured at pre
examine, immediately, and on the third day post-application of tapes. The primary 3 outcomes measurement by of pain, endurance, and disability
were check the visual analog scale (VAS), Biering–Sorensen test, and Oswestry disability index (ODI), correspondingly. Secondary outcome
measures of mobility were measured by the modied–modied Schober test, respectively. No signicant immediate differences were found
between DT and KT in pain, disability, mobility, Enhanced back extensor endurance was observed for the DT group than KT (p = 0.023) and
control group (p = 0.006). The DT may result in increases only in spinal extensor endurance among sports person with CNLBP. This result advises
that DT controls the processes that lead to back muscle fatigue.
COVID 19 IN PEOPLE WITH HIV – A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES
Authors: R Kale Krutika , K Kulkarni Vrinda , S. Azgaonkar Dilip
Published: May 2022

Objective: To study the characteristics of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection.
Methods: Retrospective collection of data of people with HIV admitted with COVID-19, from medical record section of
the hospital. We studied the clinical features, biochemical markers, radiological reports and treatment records of 5 patients admitted in our
tertiary care hospital with a positive RT PCR test for COVID 19. We noted in particular the details of duration of HIV diagnosis, latest available
CD4 counts, Antiretroviral therapy and adherence to treatment.
Results: All patients were diagnosed with HIV for more than ve years and were varyingly adherent to the Antiretroviral therapy. Patient with
lowest CD4 count (67) had full recovery whereas patient with CD4 of 160 succumbed. Commonest associated comorbidity was Diabetes
Mellites. Patient 1 had mild COVID illness. Patient 2 succumbed to severe COVID whereas moderate to severe COVID was seen in patients 3 to
5. Elevation of inammatory markers like ferritin, D dimer, IL-6 were seen in patients with moderate to severe illness. Four patients were
discharged without any complications.
Conclusion: Poorly controlled HIV did not translate to poor outcome in our retrospective case series. Larger studies of Indian population with
HIV and COVID-19 coinfection are needed to understand the relationship of viral load, inammatory markers and comorbidities with the disease
outcome.
SIMULTANEOUS RETRACTION AND INTRUSION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH: A REVIEW
Authors: Gupta Sajal , Khera Amit Kr. , Raghav Pradeep
Published: May 2022

Simultaneous retraction and intrusion of anterior segment are required in the patients who have deep overbite along with
ared incisors. During the retraction of anterior segment, there is some bite deepening, which also requires intrusion. So
there are various conventional methods which are used from many last years to achieve simultaneous retraction and intrusion, but these methods
require patient compliance and have some undesirable side effects like anchorage loss. With the advent in technology, Orthodontic mini-implants
(OMI) broaden the scope of orthodontic therapy by allowing treatment to proceed with little or no anchoring loss and require less patient
participation than traditional procedures. Mini implants can be used to offer good anchorage for anterior tooth retraction and intrusion, and they
can be inserted in almost any desirable site. There are various conventional methods as well as mini implant supported methods with which
simultaneous retraction and intrusion can be achieved. This review article presents the various methods for achieving simultaneous retraction and
intrusion of anterior segment either with conventional techniques or with the help of mini implants.
FOLLICULAR CYST ASSOCIATED WITH CHOLESTROL CLEFTS -A CASE REPORT
Authors: Anand B. , Pavana B. , Santana N. , Elamparithi Elamparithi , Arnold Beshia
Published: May 2022

Dentigerous cyst is the intraosseous odontogenic cyst mostly associated with the impacted or unerupted teeth. They are
rd rd usually accompanied with the crowns of the permanent teeth especially mandibular 3 molars, canines and 3 molars of
maxilla and rarely in the anterior of the maxilla. They often grow as a larger cyst and also affects the symmetry of face, disturbance of dentition and
predisposing the fractures to the jaw. Dentigerous cysts if left untreated could cause serious complications as they have capacity to develop into
rd other malignancies. This case report is about the dentigerous cyst with cholesterol clefts in the mandibular 3 molar region which was been treated.
Foreign policy orientations post-war USSR (1945—1947)
Authors: Doiar Larуsa
Published: May 2022

The presented article is devoted to an important period of national history, its first postwar years (1945—1947). This paper raises the issue of the formation of the foreign policy segment in the life of the post-war Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Based on the analysis of the events of that time, the author gives a list of defining for the then Ukraine areas of foreign policy of the USSR and the USSR. Among the latter are the following: legitimization of the new western borders of Ukraine by signing the Soviet-Czechoslovak (June 29, 1945), Soviet-Polish (August 16, 1945) and Soviet-Romanian (February 10, 1947) agreements; formation of bilateral relations of the USSR with other countries of the world; Ukraine's participation in international humanitarian cooperation, in particular, its receipt of assistance from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRRA); the inclusion of Ukraine in the orbit of the newest Slavic movement, and in fact, actualized in the postwar period of Slavophilism, the homeland and ideological inspiration of which Ukraine, in fact, has been since the mid-nineteenth century; exposing the foreign policy activity of the Ukrainian SSR in relation to the Bandera movement, aimed at discrediting it internationally and finally exposing its treacherous nature in the eyes of the Ukrainian people. The presented article is written on the materials of the Book Chamber of Ukraine. The author presents the little-known and, in fact, unused Ukrainian Soviet socio-political magazine Modern and Future.
Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran Online di Universitas Advent Indonesia
Authors: Limbong Albinur
Published: May 2022

Artikel ini adalah sebuah studi tentang persepsi mahasiswa terhadap sistem online UNAI. Data untuk persepsi mahasiswa diperoleh dari angket yang diisi mahasiswa secara online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat seberapa baik sistem online UNAI menurut persepsi mahasiswa. Studi ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil 2021/2022. Populasi berjumlah 1636 orang, sedangkan sampel yang diambil secara acak berjumlah 105 orang. Angket terdiri dari 6 parameter persepsi: manfaat sistem online, kemudahan penggunaan, dukungan lingkungan, kelengkapan fasilitas, minat menggunakan, dan frekuensi penggunaan. Studi menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis regressi secara individual, manfaat, kemudahan, dukungan, kelengkapan fasilitas berpengaruh signifikan pada minat menggunakan sistem online, dan minat menggunakan sistem online berpengaruh signifikan pada frekuensi penggunaan. Tetapi berdasarkan analisis regressi secara simultan, dari empat parameter persepsi, hanya dua (manfaat dan kelengkapan fasilitas) yang berpengaruh signifikan pada minat menggunakan sistem online. Berdasarkan analisis tabulasi silang, mahasiswa fakultas pendidikan memiliki persepsi lebih baik pada sistem online UNAI dibanding mahasiswa fakultas lain, mahasiswa senior memiliki persepi yang lebih baik dibanding angkatan lain, dan mahasiswa perempuan memilki persepsi lebih baik dibanding mahasiswa laki-laki. Hasil penelitian ini memberi implikasi bahwa fasilitas sistem online perlu lebih ditingkatkan dalam hal jaringan, bandwith, fasilitas computer dan sumber-sumber belajar untuk meningkatkan pencapaian akademik mahasiswa pada masa pembelajaran online akibat pandemic covid-19.
Analisa dan Perancangan Aplikasi Data Mining Untuk Prediksi Stok Obat pada Klinik XYZ
Authors: Kinsy Lionard
Published: May 2022

Prediksi merupakan alat bantu yang penting untuk membuat perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan manajemen. Dalam penelitian ini, prediksi akan membantu Klinik XYZ dalam pengambilan keputusan persediaan stok agar tidak terjadi kekurangan persediaan maupun berlebihan persediaan. Dengan memanfaatkan data mining, penulis bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk meramalkan persediaan stok obat dan juga merancang sebuah aplikasi yang mampu menerapkan prediksi menggunakan metode jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk meramalkan stok obat. Menggunakan model jaringan syaraf tiruan dengan konfigurasi yaitu 5 neuron pada lapisan input, 3 lapisan tersembunyi yang masing-masing memiliki 4, 3, dan 4 neuron, dan 1 neuron pada lapisan output dengan fungsi aktivasi ReLU dan learning rate sebesar 0.001, aplikasi ini mampu untuk menyajikan hasil prediksi pada periode yang diinginkan disertai dengan nilai galat prediksi dalam bentuk Mean Absolute Percentage Error. Dari 4 jenis produk yang diuji dengan total sampel sebanyak 24 periode dari Januari 2017 sampai Desember 2018, model jaringan syaraf tiruan memberikan hasil prediksi untuk bulan September 2018 – Desember 2018 adalah: (1) produk Amobiotic yaitu 593, 693, 584, dan 632, (2) produk Loremid yaitu 97, 222, 161, dan 137, (3) produk Meproson yaitu 599, 614, 398, dan 401, (4) produk Nikolam yaitu 215, 256, 290, dan 338.
A Grey Wolf Optimizer Feature Selection method and its Effect on the Performance of Document Classification Problem
Authors: Al-jadir Ibraheem
Published: May 2022

Optimization methods are considered as one of the highly developed areas in ArtificialIntelligence (AI). The success of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA)has encouraged researchers to develop other methods that can obtain better performance outcomes and tobe more responding to the modern needs. The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and the Krill Herd (KH)are some of those methods that showed a great success in different applications in the last few years. In thispaper, we propose a comparative study of using different optimization methods including KH and GWOin order to solve the problem of document feature selection for the classification problem. These methodsare used to model the feature selection problem as a typical optimization method. Due to the complexityand the non-linearity of this kind of problems, it becomes necessary to use some advanced techniques tomake the judgement of which features subset that is optimal to enhance the performance of classificationof text documents. The test results showed the superiority of GWO over the other counterparts using thespecified evaluation measures.
Improved Methodology of SVM to Classify Acoustic Signal by Spectral Centroid
Authors: Kavitha S. , Manikandan J.
Published: May 2022

Acoustic signal classification issues are addressed in this work using spectral examination, channel extracting the features from the input and machine learning algorithm. This brief article examines the effect of various settings on feature extraction. This feature-level channel combination's accuracy increase is then observed. To categorise things, pattern recognition utilises a variety of classification schemes. "Pattern" refers to the measures that must be categorised with accurate feature extracted. Images and audio signals are among the most common kinds of measurements. The proposed Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for the necessity of an effective categorization of acoustic signals driven by the continual improvements in multimedia technology. This study uses two machine learning algorithms to enhance audio classification and categorization. The proposed SVM achieves superior performance than the other ML algorithm by spectral features.
CALCULATION OF THE AMOUNT OF WORKON A TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARKING AREA LOT OF AN EXCAVATOR FOR BUILDING AN INFORMATION MODEL
Authors: Kabanov V. N.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The construction of information models of construction processes is impossible without an accurate calculation of the amount of work performed on a typical technological parking lot (gripper). The aim of the work is to automate the computational procedures used to calculate the amount of excavation work on a typical technological excavator parking lot, which is used in 4D and 5D BIM models.Results. Analytical equations are obtained for calculating the volume of earthworks at one technological site of an excavator, taking into account the technical characteristics of earthmoving machines, as well as the conditions of work (the category of soil according to the value of the internal friction angle). Conclusions. The analytical dependences of the volume of work on one typical technological site of an excavator on the technical characteristics and operating conditions (the category of soil) can be used to form procedures for automatically calculating the volume of work, the duration and cost of the construction of pits. The amount of work on a single technological gripper can be used to form, evaluate and select the trajectory of the excavator during the construction of the pit.
The Crisis of the American Law School
Authors: Campos Paul
Published: May 2022

The economist Herbert Stein once remarked that if something cannot go on forever, it will stop. Over the past four decades, the cost of legal education in America has seemed to belie this aphorism: it has gone up relentlessly. Private law school tuition increased by a factor of four in real, inflation-adjusted terms between 1971 and 2011, while resident tuition at public law schools has nearly quadrupled in real terms over just the past two decades. Meanwhile, for more than thirty years, the percentage of the American economy devoted to legal services has been shrinking. In 1978 the legal sector accounted for 2.01 percent of the nation's GDP: by 2009 that figure had shrunk to 1.37 percent-a 32 percent decrease. These two trends are not mutually sustainable. If the cost of becoming a lawyer continues to rise while the economic advantage conferred by a law degree continues to fall, then eventually both the market for new lawyers and for admission to law school will crash. In the early years of the 21st century, this abstract theoretical observation has begun to be confirmed by concrete events. The ongoing contraction in the employment market for new lawyers has combined with the continuing increase in the cost of legal education to produce what has begun to be recognized as a genuine crisis for both law schools and the legal profession.
The Crisis in Legal Education: Dabbling in Disaster Planning
Authors: McEntee Kyle , Lynch Patrick , Tokaz Derek
Published: May 2022

The legal education crisis has already struck for many recent law school graduates, signaling potential disaster for law schools already struggling with their own economic challenges. Law schools have high fixed costs caused by competition between schools, the unchecked expansion of federal loan programs, a widely exploited information asymmetry about graduate employment outcomes, and a lack of financial discipline masquerading as innovation. As a result, tuition is up, jobs are down, and skepticism of the value of a J.D. has never been higher. If these trends do not reverse course, droves of students will continue to graduate with debt that greatly reduces their ability to fulfill the law school graduate's traditional and important role in American society. The point at which the law school crisis becomes a disaster for legal education is debatable, but the importance of preparing for and forestalling this disaster is not. This Article serves two forward-looking purposes that stem from the premise that American legal education requires structural change to reduce the cost of obtaining a legal education. First, we set a framework for thinking about reforms to the method of delivering legal education. Second, we examine three blueprints for structural reform: one that has already been implemented and is ineffective, and two that set the discussion on the right track. These blueprints reject mere tinkering in favor of refocusing the attention of legal education stakeholders on the drastic structural changes needed to provide quality, affordable legal education. While we provide only a starting point for considering how the two new models could work in principle, they serve as an intellectual blueprint that can pave the way for new and better ideas about legal education. It is clear that cost reform is necessary, and it is likely that substantial reform is coming. The shape of this reform depends on who gets involved, who we hope include actors beyond those who have set legal education on a path toward disaster.
Going Nowhere Fast (or Furious): The Nonexistent U.S. Firearms Trafficking Statute and the Rise of Mexican Drug Cartel Violence
Authors: Young Stewart
Published: May 2022

Drug trafficking violence in Mexico, now reaching epidemic proportions, greatly impacts both the Mexican and United States governments. Despite the escalation of the "War on Drugs, " drug trafficking from Mexico to the United States continues largely unabated, stifling tourism revenue and lawful economic opportunities, and causing violence previously unknown in Mexico. Thus far, the United States' efforts to deal with this drug trafficking and violence include the recent debacle of Operation Fast and Furious. News regarding this Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives'(ATF) operation shocked citizens and lawmakers alike, as Fast and Furious allowed firearms to "walk" down to Mexico unimpeded in a futile attempt to identify firearms traffickers in Mexican drug cartels. Ultimately, this operation led to the presence of over two thousand additional firearms in Mexico, contributing to continued violence south of the U.S. border and the possibility of spillover violence back into the United States. An analysis of Operation Fast and Furious and other law enforcement attempts to stop firearms trafficking and drug cartel violence in Mexico demonstrates that the development and tactics of these operations require a more comprehensive approach to the problems facing Mexico and the United States. This Article discusses extraterritoriality, and the effects of U.S. domestic criminal laws on a foreign country, in the context of U.S. domestic firearms trafficking laws. First, this Article lays out the problem: Mexican drug cartels are receiving thousands of weapons from the United States with which to create havoc and wreak violence upon both nations. It then discusses the dynamics of that problem, which include addressing the current legal framework and the NRA lobbying effort against restrictions on firearms. The Article examines the ATF's Project Gunrunner and Operation Fast and Furious and argues that the lack of a simple and strong firearms trafficking statute contributed to ATF's decision to implement Operation Fast and Furious, thereby contributing to large numbers of firearms heading south to Mexico. The Article further argues that without a true comprehensive firearms trafficking statute, the combined efforts of the United States and Mexico to stem the southbound flow of firearms and resulting drug violence will ultimately fail. Besides seeking to contribute to the dialogue on solving a looming and important problem, this Article endeavors to promote discussion about the extraterritorial effects of U.S. domestic criminal laws. Ultimately, it argues that, in certain contexts, the positive extraterritorial effects of such laws should take priority over complaints about their negligible domestic effects.
A Study on Vocabulary Learning for Young Learners in Gwynfor English Course Jombang in The Academic Year of 2021/2022
Authors: Ardi Ardiansyah Ardi
Published: May 2022

This research is based on learning vocabulary in A 1 class of Gwynfor English Course Jombang. Most of students complain that the teaching activities are very boring. Moreover, speaking skills require a lot of practice so that students are fluent in English. vocabulary is a core part of language skills and provides much of the basis for how well students speak, listen, read and write. Many students in Indonesia are difficult to understand English lessons properly, their main obstacle is the lack of vocabulary mastery. The problem of this research how are the teachers make learning English   easy to understand and how are the processes of learning vocabulary in Gwynfor English Course Jombang. The researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method. In this study the researcher found some ways that used in by the tutor in teaching vocabulary learning in A 1 class are using songs, games and pictures.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCY-BASED CURRICULUM IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA: A MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohamed Isse Sidow
Published: May 2022

This research examined factors affecting the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in public secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. Specific objectives of the study were teacher professional development, principal’s supervision, and instructional materials. This research used a purely quantitative approach to analyze the data of this research. The data investigated in this study were collected from 292 academic staff randomly selected from six public secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was .726 obtained indicating that the instrument was reliable to collect data for this study. To analyze the data multiple regression analysis was used to find out the amount of gradient equated to the size of the bivariate correlations between the different predictor variables (principal’s supervision, teacher’s professional development, and instructional materials) and implementation of the competency-based curriculum. As indicated that there exists a strong, significant, and positive relationship between teacher professional development, as indicated by a factor, (r=.773, P=0.000<0.05.), principals supervision as indicated by a factor, (r=.622 with P=0.00<0.05), instructional materials as indicated by a factor, (r= .647 with p= 0.000<0.05.) and implementation of a competency-based curriculum. According to the result of this study, it is recommended that administrators of public Secondary schools and the Ministry of Education should ensure that all public schools have adequate teaching and learning materials and also should give training to teachers and supervise how to implement the school curriculum.
KEY TERMS: Curriculum, Competency-based curriculum, Teacher professionalism Development, Principal’s Supervision, instructional materials, student’s learning environment
EVALUATION OF WATERBORNE ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INDUCED TOXICITY IN BIGHEAD CARP, HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS NOBILIS
Authors: Aziz S , Abdullah S , Latif L , Anwar H
Published: May 2022

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have widespread applications in various industries and cosmetics that raise concerns about their hazards to the environment. Eco-toxicological data show that nanoscale zinc oxide has harmful impacts on both aquatic species and human health. The co-precipitation method was followed to synthesize ZnO-NPs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for characterization. The acute toxicity at 96h was determined by using Bighead carp as a model fish after the exposure to 11 various concentrations (2-50mg/L) of ZnO-NPs. The mean 96-h LC50 was measured as 22.24mg/L. Bighead carp showed different behavioral changes that lead to death during acute toxicity tests. Oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined in fish gills and liver after chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs for 90 days and sampling was done at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90-day intervals. Significant alterations in SOD and LPO levels were determined in tissues of the liver and gills as compared to the control group. We conclude that induced toxicity mechanism of ZnO-NPs suspension in freshwater environments may be due to elevated oxidative stress.
Keywords: Bighead carp, Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Toxicity; Oxidative stress, Lipid Peroxidation
COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF KCS GENES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Authors: Zaib P , Shaheen T , Hamyat M , Ur-Rehman Mahmood
Published: May 2022

Water stress is considered as the main environmental factor which badly affects growth of sunflower plant. It is a water sensitive plant whose yield is greatly affected by drought stress. Several studies have been done to understand the mechanism of drought stress tolerance in plants, and exploring the role of stress tolerant genes is one of them. KCS genes, responsible for wax biosynthesis, have been reported to be involved in drought stress tolerance mechanism. In this study, expression profiling of KCS genes was done to understand their role in stress mechanism. Comparative genomics studies of KCS genes were carried out in sunflower and Arabidopsis by constructing phylogenetic tree. They were divided into six clades, however they were present in the same clade showing similarities between Arabidopsis and sunflower. It was further confirmed by Synteny analysis and concluded that KCS genes in both species share the same evolutionary origin. Further, they were amplified in sunflower by using gene specific primers. Five genes, i.e. KCS2, KCS4, KCS5, KCS10 and KCS18 were successfully amplified in sunflower variety FH-593. Then, sunflower plants were subjected to drought stress and expression profiling of amplified KCS genes was carried out by Real Time PCR. All the five genes were up-regulated under drought showing their role in stress conditions; however, the expression level of each gene was varied. Maximum relative expression was found for KCS4 gene in T1, i.e. 19 fold as compared to control. The expression of other genes was found in decreasing order as indicated KCS4>KCS2>KCS5>KCS10>KCS18 (relative expression: 19, 12, 5, 4 and 3 respectively). Biochemical analyses were also performed and significant variation was found among treatments and control. Total chlorophyll contents were decreased under drought stress while antioxidants like catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and proline were increased. Our results showed the role of KCS genes in drought stress which is first ever report in sunflower. This study concluded that KCS genes have role in drought stress tolerance and their expression is significantly up-regulated under stress conditions. The information presented here may help to further characterize KCS genes and their subsequent use to engineer drought stress in crop plants.
Keywords: Sunflower, wax biosynthesis, drought, gene expression profiling, KCS genes
Y-CHROMOSOME MICRODISSECTION AND Y-LINKED GENES IDENTIFICATION OF THE GIANT PANDA (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA)
Authors: Chen X.Y. , Zeng C.J. , Fang S.G.
Published: May 2022

The Y chromosome plays an important role in the sexual reproduction of many species because it contains sex-determining genes and male reproductive factors and the Y chromosome has only been sequenced in a few mammalian species. Y chromosome has been study in several fields, such as spermatogenesis, male development and sex chromosome evolution. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered species in China. Male giant pandas have reproductive defects such as low natural mating rate, poor sperm quality, and infertility that inhibit population growth. More information is needed on the genetics of giant panda reproduction in order to understand their biological characteristics. The Y chromosome data of the giant panda are now unavailable, though a draft genome of this species has been sequenced. Thus, in the present study, we separated single Y chromosomes of male giant panda, sequenced using high-throughput sequencing after whole genome amplification. Finally, two genes, ZFY and TSPY1, on Y chromosome and related to male fertility were annotated. This study is a supplement of giant panda genetic data.
Keywords: Giant panda, reproduction, sex chromosome, whole genome amplification, Y-linked genes
Continuous chromatography applied to the purification of sugars: a proven separation technology with multiple industrial applications
Authors: Chauve Marie , Gonin Anne , Paillat Dominique
Published: May 2022

Low-pressure chromatography is a widely implemented purification technique in the sugar industry. It allows for the separation of complex mixtures with different affinities based on a stationary phase, composed of ion exchange resins, and a mobile phase, which is generally water. Industrially, it is implemented in columns with volumes that can reach several hundred cubic meters. The real-life performance for the purification of 2G sugars and organic acids and the advantage of coupling chromatography and nanofiltration for the production of high purity fructose will be explained further in this article.
Gender differences in the health status of the imprisoned population in Kot Lakhpat Jail in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Iram , Zulfi Qurat- ul Ain , Zahid Nashmia , Asad Muhammad , Ahmed Muhammad Babar
Published: May 2022

Background: The prison population of any country is a high-risk population because of a lack of access to regular health care facilities. This research was planned to assess the gender differences in the health status of the imprisoned population of Lahore.Patients and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kot Lakhpat Jail in the province of Punjab, near Lahore, from January to August 2019. After getting permission from Inspector General, Police of Punjab, a sample of 320 inmates of Kot Lakhpat Jail was collected through a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire based on history and examination. Data was entered in SPSS version 23, and the chi-square test was applied to assess the gender differences in health status, p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: General examination revealed that 143 (44.7%) had refractory errors, and 34 (10.6%) had mild deafness. Common infection in males were scabies (p = 0.002), Sore throat (p =0.015) and urinary tract infections (p=0.015). Hepatitis C was present in high frequency (9.1%). Assessment of sexually transmitted diseases showed discharge in 10.6%, vesicular herpetic eruptions in 8.8%, and ulcers in private parts in 3.8% of the sample. Males showed a significantly high frequency of hypertension (p =0.052) and arthritis (p=0.024). Evaluation of mental health status revealed significant high rates of depression in females (p =0.000) and a high frequency of insomnia (p=0.000). Social health problems revealed a high frequency of smoking in males (p=0.000) and feeling of stigmatization in females (p=0.000).Conclusion: Male jail inmates showed high frequencies of scabies, sore throat and urinary tract infection, and hypertension. Females showed higher rates of depression, insomnia, and feeling of stigmatization.
Comparison of efficacy of single dose versus split dose prednisolone therapy in achieving remission in patients with nephrotic syndrome in children
Authors: Qaisar Imran , Anjum Abid Ali , Rehman Abdul , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: May 2022

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a medical problem clinically characterized by proteinuria, generalized body edema and hypercholesterolemia. We did this study to compare the effectiveness of single dose versus split dose prednisolone in achieving remission in patients with nephrotic syndrome in children.Patients and methods: This open-ended randomized control trial was done in pediatric unit of tertiary care hospital from January to December 2019.We included one hundred Patients of nephrotic syndrome in the study who met the inclusion criteria. We divided total Patients into 2 groups (group A & B) 50 patients in each group. Group A was given single dose prednisolone, while group B was given split dose prednisolone therapy. Both groups were compared with respect of achievement of remission.Results: Out of 50 patients of group A who were given single dose prednisolone 37 (74%) were male, while in group B who were given split dose prednisolone 22 (44%) were male (p-value=0.137). Mean age of patients of study group A and B was 4.5 ±1.67 years and 4.9 ±1.49 years respectively (p-value=0.1876). Mean serum creatinine level in study group A and B was 0.744±0.189 and 0.736±0.167 (p-value=0.823). Similarly mean serum albumin level in study group A and B was 2.34±0.358 and 2.39±0.33 (p-value=0.473). When both groups were compared with regard to response to treatment, in group A mean remission duration was 16.48 ±3.69. In group B mean remission duration was 19.42 ±3.11 days (p-value<0.05).Conclusion: From our study we concluded that single dose prednisolone is more effective in achieving remission in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome as compared to split dose prednisolone.
Complications affecting outcome in COVID 19 patients admitted in high dependency unit Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Siddique Shazia , Anwar Muhammad , Kamal Asma , Muneer Khadija , Haq Zia Ul
Published: May 2022

Background: Covid 19 is a highly contagious viral infection resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this study was to determine the potential complications affecting the outcome of moderate to severe COVID 19 patients admitted in HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore.Subjects and methods: It was a prospective cohort study. The study was conducted on 108 patients admitted in the COVID HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore with positive PCR for COVID-19 having moderate to severe disease. After written consent, all the demographic data and complications like ARDS, respiratory failure, cardiac injury and liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury and sepsis/DIC were obtained through specially designed proformas data was collected through specially designed proformas and data was analysed through SPSS version 22. During hospital stay, we observed the patients for the development of complications as mentioned above. All Patients were followed up till discharge and outcome were noted in terms of discharge or death.Results: Out of 108 admitted patients in COVID HDU, 68 were discharged, 26 were died and14 got left against medical advice. The mean age was 53.6 + 15.94 years with 53.7% males (n=58), the most common complication during hospital stay was sepsis (31 affected with 16 deaths, 14 survived and p-value=0.000), acute kidney injury (27 affected, 13 died, 13 survived, p-value=0.002), ARDS (seen in 19 patients with 16 deaths, 3 survived and acute cardiac injury (17 affected, 9 died, 8 survived, p-value=0.005).Conclusion: The complications like adult respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, and secondary infection had poor outcomes. This study could help clinicians to take early measures to prevent the development of complications in patients admitted in HDU.
Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst of liver
Authors: Changazi Shabbar Hussain , Rehman Javaid Ur , Bilal Syed Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Qamar Ashfaq , Farooka Muhammad Waris
Published: May 2022

Background: Hydatic disease is caused by a parasite named Ecchinococcus granulosus. This disease is endemic in Pakistan. The disease mostly affects liver forming cysts. The treatment is mainly surgical which can be performed laparoscopically. This study was thus designed to assess the outcomes of the laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cyst of liver in terms of recovery of patient, complications and recurrence.Subjects and methods: This case series was conducted from March 2015 to December 2020 in Surgical Department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore. Patients who were planned for laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hydatid cysts (CE2, CE3) were included in the study. Patients who have past history of hepatobiliary surgery, with multiple small cysts or those who has refused for laparoscopic surgery were excluded from study. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, clinicopatholigical findings, duration of surgery, hospital stay and complications were recorded on pre-designed Performa. Results: Total of 42 patients were managed laparoscopically for hydatid liver cyst. The mean age of the patients was 39.42 + 12.04 years. There were 20 (47.62%) male and 22 (52.38%) female patients. Thirty patients (71.43%) were from rural areas. Twenty patients (47.62%) had history of close contacts with dogs or domestic animals. Patients mostly presented with symptoms of pain in right hypochondrium and abdominal mass. Majority of the patients had single hydatid cyst in the liver. Right lobe of the liver was more frequently involved than left lobe. Both lobes were involved in 2 (4.8%) patients. The mean duration of surgery was 76 minutes. No patient developed intra or postoperative anaphylactic shock. Biliary leakage was seen in 4 (9.5%), port site infection in 2 (4.8%) patients and conversion to laparotomy was done in 2 patients (4.8%). The mean hospital stay of patients was 3.41+ 2.82 days. There was no mortality of the patients or recurrence of cyst on 12 week follow up.Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hydatid cyst is safe and effectual treatment in carefully selected patients. It is a simple technique with lesser postoperative morbidity and potentially decreased risk of complications especially recurrence of disease.
Síntomas gastrointestinales como parte del cuadro clínico en pacientes con Covid-19 en la región Lambayeque- Perú 2020
Authors: Guivin-Ballena Threisy , Calle-Peña Sara Teresita
Published: May 2022

Introducción: Se ha evidenciado que la infección por SARS-CoV-2 produce también una sintomatología gastrointestinal, considerada como atípica e inespecífica, pero que se debe tener en cuenta al momento del diagnóstico. Objetivo: identificar los síntomas gastrointestinales en el cuadro clínico de pacientes con Covid-19, Gerencia regional de salud Lambayeque, 2020. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo entre julio y agosto de 2020 con datos obtenidos de la Gerencia regional de salud de la región Lambayeque, Perú. Resultados: de los 381 casos de pacientes con COVID-19, 9 (2%) pacientes presentaron el síntoma de diarrea y solo 2 (1%) presentaron náuseas; asimismo, 131 (34.4%) presentaron una o más comorbilidades, comparado con 250 (65.6%) pacientes que no tuvieron ninguna comorbilidad. Conclusión: Existe una baja presencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y una simultánea baja presencia de comorbilidades. Sin embargo una proporción significativa de pacientes presentaron inicialmente esos síntomas gastrointestinales atípicos, por ellos es importante seguir siendo cautelosos y prestar atención a los pacientes que presenten una clínica atípica y síntomas gastrointestinales iniciales.