bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of surface‐applied and soil‐incorporated lime on some physical attributes of a Dystrudept soil
Authors: Auler A. C. , Pires L. F. , dos Santos J. A. B. , Caires E. F. , Borges J. A. R. , Giarola N. F. B.
Published: February 2017

It is generally accepted that liming ameliorates soil acidity. However, the method of lime application is thought by many to influence its effectiveness in acid soils. In this study, we wanted to assess the degree of effectiveness of surface‐applied lime and lime incorporated into the soil on soil structural attributes and water retention of a Dystrudept soil in the SE region of the State of Paraná, Brazil. Lime was added at the rate of 15 t/ha to soil through: (i) surface broadcasting, (ii) incorporation via ploughing and harrowing, (iii) incorporation via subsoiling and harrowing. A control treatment with zero lime application was included in the experiment. The addition of lime by surface broadcasting resulted in significant reductions in soil bulk density (BD) and macroporosity (Ma) and increases in total porosity (TP) and microporosity (Mi) of the top soil layer (0–0.10 m). The reverse was the case in the 0.10‐ to 0.20‐m soil layer; where lime was incorporated via ploughing and harrowing, increases in BD and reductions in TP and Ma were observed. Addition of lime also significantly increased soil water retention, with maximum retention recorded from soil amended with surface broadcast lime. Changes in soil chemical attributes (increases in pH, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents; reductions in potential acidity and Al3+ content) were responsible for the changes observed in structural and physical attributes, and water retention. Bearing in mind the lower application costs, improvement in the soil chemical attributes for plant development and soil physical quality, surface broadcast lime can be considered a promising alternative for no‐till farmers.
Blood transfusion in the Caribbean: a case study of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Charles K. S.
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY

The Caribbean islands form an archipelago connecting North and South America. They have all been colonised by European countries and share strong historical, social, economic and diplomatic links with North America. However, their blood transfusion services have evolved differently, using predominantly family/replacement rather than voluntary non‐remunerated donors as has been the practice in England and America since 1926 and 1970, respectively. This article uses the case of Trinidad and Tobago to examine the history and current state of blood transfusion services in the Caribbean and to present early results of an initiative for improving blood safety and adequacy in the region.
Hemoglobin screening in blood donors: a prospective study assessing the value of an invasive and a noninvasive point‐of‐care device for donor safety
Authors: De Clippel Dorien , Van Heddegem Leen , Vandewalle Giovani , Vandekerckhove Philippe , Compernolle Veerle
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Low hemoglobin (Hb) levels are a common reason for whole blood donor deferral. As some of the deferred donors do not return to donate blood later, the development of accurate tools to reliably detect low Hb levels is therefore important for donor safety and retention.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

In a prospective study, 1483 whole blood donors were enrolled in three study arms. In each study arm the Hb results measured with a point‐of‐care testing device were compared with the venous Hb results obtained in our central laboratory. Both an invasive capillary Hb (Compolab) and a noninvasive spectroscopy Hb (Haemospect) were tested. For the latter, two different application methods for the positioning of the Digiclip were assessed. In a second phase the Compolab was tested in routine conditions.

RESULTS

The Haemospect device failed to reliably identify donors with Hb levels below the European cutoffs (125 g/L for females and 135 g/L for males). In contrast, the Compolab identified 72.4% of first‐time donors and 78.9% of regular donors with Hb levels below these cutoffs. In routine conditions, the Compolab identified the majority of donors with low Hb levels.

CONCLUSION

Differences between Hb levels measured with invasive and noninvasive point‐of‐care devices and measured on venous samples exist. Implementing the Compolab at collection sites provides a high level of safety toward first‐time donors.
Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of feline splenic mast cell tumors: A multi‐institutional retrospective study of 64 cases
Authors: Evans B. J. , O'Brien D. , Allstadt S. D. , Gregor T. P. , Sorenmo K. U.
Published: February 2017

Background

Mast cell tumors (MCT) are common splenic tumors in cats, but there is limited information on treatment outcomes of cats with this disease.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study evaluated treatment outcomes in 64 cats with splenic MCT. Cats were categorized into the following treatment groups: splenectomy (A, n = 20); splenectomy with chemotherapy (B, n = 20); chemotherapy alone (C, n = 15); or supportive care (D, n = 9).

Results

Median tumor specific survival (MTSS) was: 856, 853, 244, 365 days for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The MTSS was not significantly different between the 4 groups. However, comparing cats that had splenectomy (A and B) versus those that did not (C and D), the MTSS was 856 and 342 days, respectively (p=0.008). None of the prognostic factors analyzed significantly influenced survival.

Conclusion

Splenectomy (+/‐ chemotherapy) significantly prolongs survival in cats with mast cell tumors. The role of chemotherapy remains unknown.
Controlled Evaluation of a Method to Assist Recruitment of Participants Into Treatment Outcome Research and Engage Student-Athletes Into Substance Abuse Intervention
Authors: Donohue Brad , Dowd Ashley , Philips Corey , Plant Christopher P. , Loughran Travis , Gavrilova Yulia
Published: February 2017

Recruitment of participants into treatment outcome studies is an important and often challenging aspect of human research. Yet, there have been very few controlled trials that have examined methods of recruiting participants into clinical trials, particularly in populations that may be reluctant to pursue mental health intervention, such as athletes. In this study, 79 NCAA Division I, Club, and Intramural student-athletes volunteered to participate in a study to determine their interest in participating in one of two goal-oriented programs representing two arms in a clinical trial. These programs were aimed at reducing substance abuse and sexually transmitted infections, and improving mental health, relationships, and sport performance. The participants were randomly assigned to Standard Recruitment (SR) or Recruitment Engagement (RE). RE included a review of the aforementioned outcome study and implementation of strategies that were developed to motivate participants to engage in treatment. The SR condition involved a review of the aforementioned treatment outcome study only. After the recruitment interventions were implemented, participants were queried to report any negative consequences that may have occurred from their use of illicit drugs or alcohol. Participants who reported negative consequences were invited to participate in baseline assessment of the aforementioned outcome study. Results indicated that 11 (25.0%) of the participants in the RE condition provided their consent to participate, 9 (20.5%) of whom subsequently completed baseline assessment; only 2 (5.7%) of the SR participants provided their study consent and subsequently participated in baseline assessment for the clinical trial (p < .05). After the respective recruitment intervention was implemented, participants were administered psychometrically validated instruments to assess their overall psychiatric functioning and the extent to which their sport performance was negatively impacted by dysfunctional thoughts and stress. Participants in RE were more likely to report greater dysfunctional thoughts and stress interfering with their sport performance (and, to a lesser extent, greater psychiatric problems) than SR participants, suggesting RE may influence greater disclosure of problem behavior than SR, permitting the interviewers opportunities to empathize with the participants’ concerns. Results are discussed in light of their implications to treatment outcome research and clinical and counseling practice involving student-athletes.
The Role of Athletic Identity in the Relationship Between Difficulty Thinking or Concentrating and Academic Service Use in NCAA Student-Athletes
Authors: Antshel Kevin M. , VanderDrift Laura E. , Pauline Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2017

The NCAA Growth, Opportunities, Aspirations and Learning of Students in College data were used to explore the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and grade point average (GPA) in college student-athletes. We specifically investigated the mediators of the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and GPA. Results revealed there was a significant indirect effect between self-reporting the highest level of difficulties thinking or concentrating and service use through GPA, moderated by identity, full model: F(4, 14738) = 184.28, p < .001; R2 = .22. The athletic/academic identity variable acted as a moderator of the mediating effect of GPA on the relationship between self-reported high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating and the use of academic resources on campus. If a student-athlete who is self-reporting high levels of difficulties thinking or concentrating identifies more as a student, GPA is likely to prompt academic service use. However, if the student-athlete identifies more as an athlete, GPA is less likely to lead to use of campus academic support resources.
Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life, Cardio-Metabolic Health, and Fitness in Postmenopausal Women After an Exercise Plus Health Promotion Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vélez-Toral Mercedes , Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , de Guevara Nicolás Mendoza Ladrón , de Teresa Galván Carlos , Ballesteros Alberto Salamanca , García Juan F. Godoy
Published: February 2017

Background:

This study explored multidimensional outcomes that were derived from the adherence to regular exercise among previously sedentary postmenopausal 45 to 64 years old women who engaged in a ~20-week exercise program.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial with between-group (intervention and control women) and within-subject measures (baseline, postintervention, and 3-month and 12-month follow-ups) was conducted. HRQoL and several indicators of cardio-metabolic status and fitness were assessed.

Results:

After the intervention, the participants experienced a positive change in their short and long-term physical and mental health, with significant enhancements in several HRQoL dimensions, particularly mental well-being (23.3% of change) and menopause-related health and subdomains (17.0% of change) (P < .01). Improvements were maintained or continued (eg, mental well-being) overtime. These outcomes were accompanied by significant improvements in cardio-metabolic status and fitness, including weight, BMI, cardio-respiratory fitness and flexibility (up to 16.2% of change, P < .05). After the intervention, the intervention group exhibited better HRQoL than the control group at each of the measurement phases. Between-group differences were also observed for some indicators of cardiovascular health and flexibility.

Conclusions:

Our findings add evidence on the association of positive outcomes on HRQoL with improvements in cardio-metabolic health and fitness status after the adoption of an active lifestyle.
A Clinician Referral and 12-Week Exercise Training Program for Men With Prostate Cancer: Outcomes to 12 Months of the ENGAGE Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gaskin Cadeyrn J. , Craike Melinda , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Courneya Kerry S. , Livingston Patricia M.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The ENGAGE (efficacy of a referral and physical activity program for survivors of prostate cancer) study established that a clinician referral and 12-week exercise training program increased vigorous physical activity at 12 weeks among men with prostate cancer. Here, we report the 6- and 12-month outcomes.

Methods:

In this multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial, we compared a clinician referral and exercise training program to usual care. Discounted gym membership was offered to men in the intervention condition on completion of the 12-week exercise program. Self-reported physical activity at 6 and 12 months was the primary outcome. Quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were secondary outcomes.

Results:

A total of 147 men meeting eligibility criteria agreed to participate (54 intervention, 93 control). A positive interaction effect for vigorous physical activity was observed at 6 months, but not 12 months. No significant effects for the secondary outcomes were found.

Conclusions:

A clinician referral and community-based supervised and unsupervised exercise training program, along with discounted gym membership, had a positive short-term effect on vigorous physical activity levels, but did not improve quality of life, in men with prostate cancer.
Physical Activity and Motor Competence Present a Positive Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Across Childhood and Early Adolescence
Authors: Lima Rodrigo A. , Pfeiffer Karin , Larsen Lisbeth R. , Bugge Anna , Moller Niels C. , Anderson Lars B. , Stodden David F.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The current study evaluated the reciprocal longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and motor competence (MC) and the potential mediation of cardiorespiratory endurance across 7 years.

Methods:

This was a 7-year longitudinal study, the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS), with 3 measuring points [mean ages (in years) and respective sample size: 6.75 ± 0.37, n = 696; 9.59 ± 1.07, n = 617; 13.35 ± 0.34, n = 513]. PA was assessed using accelerometers. MC was evaluated by the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test battery. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) was evaluated using a continuous running protocol until exhaustion. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the longitudinal associations.

Results:

Vigorous PA (VPA) and MC presented reciprocal longitudinal association during the 7-year follow-up (VPA → MC; β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.26; MC → VPA; β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.21). In addition, VO2peak mediated the relationship in both directions (VPA → MC; β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.12; MC → VPA; β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09).

Conclusions:

PA and MC presented a positive reciprocal relationship across childhood through early adolescence and VO2peak mediated the association in both directions. Interventions targeting to increase PA in children and adolescents should also address the development of MC skills because of the clear positive feedback loop between PA and MC.
Sizing Up Skaters: An Interrogation of Body Discourses in Elite Women’s Flat Track Roller Derby
Authors: Draft Amanda
Published: February 2017

Women’s flat track roller derby is considered by participants a space for constructing positive images of diverse female bodies in sport, proclaiming that women of all shapes and sizes are welcome. However, despite evidence to the contrary, the universal claim of diverse body acceptance has not been fully interrogated within the literature. In this three-year auto/ethnography of a Midwestern Division 1 derby league, I ask: In what ways do women derby skaters talk about the derby body, and how do their behaviors coexist with the mantra of inclusion? I rely on participant observation, in-depth interviews with 13 skaters, and personal journaling of my experiences as a skater to problematize the notion that “any body can be a derby girl.” I argue that three contradictory discourses regarding skater bodies simultaneously permeate the elite derby space: 1) “size doesn’t matter,” or that function trumps body form, 2) “bigger is better,” or that larger bodies have greater value, and 3) “serious athleticism,” that skater bodies must have a high level of fitness to compete. I conclude that the mantra of acceptance within derby must be qualified given these other discourses, and that derby’s potential to empower participants and serve as a critique for mainstream sport is thereby limited.
Twenty Years of the FIFA Women’s World Cup: An Outstanding Evolution of Competitiveness
Authors: de Araújo Maithe Cardoso , Mießen Kathrin A.M.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of competitiveness in elite women’s soccer, comparing the goal difference mean between the first FIFA Women’s World Cup (W1991) and FIFA Women’s World Cup 2011 (W2011), twenty years later. Analogous Men’s World Cups (M1990 and M2010) and the first one (M1930) were analyzed for comparative purposes. A total of 192 matches were taken into account and their final result was obtained through official match reports. The overall goal difference (GD) was 1.6, with GD of one occurring 44.3%. Percentage of matches finished with a GD of more than three was 30.7% in W1991 and only 6.3% in W2011. Mean of GD in W2011 was significantly lower than in W1991 (1.38 ± 1.10 vs. 2.81 ± 1.96, U = 226.0, z = -3.085, p = .002), while between M1990 and M2010 it did not differ statistically (1.21 ± 1.05 vs. 1.23 ± 1.23, U = 1639.5, z = -0.146, p = .884). In contrast to the comparisons to W1991, differences between W2011 and M2010 as well as M1990 were not significant. However, GD in W2011 was significantly lower than in the M1930. The results demonstrated that elite women’s soccer has shown a notorious development with regard to the competitiveness, approaching the status already achieved by men. This fast progress represents new challenges for the sports sciences and football associations.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Is a New Substrate of ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 11
Authors: Tun-Yhong Wisith , Chinpaisal Chatchai , Pamonsinlapatham Perayot , Kaewkitichai Sindchai
Published: February 2017

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, after conversion to tenofovir (TFV), is mainly eliminated by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. The major adverse effect of tenofovir is nephrotoxicity; however, the exact mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 11 (ABCC11; multidrug resistance protein 8 [MRP8]) transporter, which is abundant in proximal tubular cells, was demonstrated to act as an efflux transporter of tenofovir. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to determine MRP8 overexpression in a continuous cell line. Tenofovir accumulations were assessed by cytotoxicity, cellular transport, and vesicular uptake assays. Substrate specificity was confirmed using MK-571, an MRP-specific inhibitor, and methotrexate, which served as a known substrate. Intracellular and intravesicular concentrations of tenofovir were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC
50
) of TDF in MRP8-overexpressing cells was 4.78 times higher than that of parental cells. Transport assays also showed that the intracellular accumulation of tenofovir in MRP8-overexpressing cells was 55 times lower than that in parental cells and was partly reversed by MK-571. Similarly, an “inside-out” vesicular uptake assay, using Sf9 inverted membrane vesicles to allow measuring of accumulation of the substrates into the vesicles, demonstrated a higher intravesicular concentration of tenofovir in MRP8-overexpressing vesicles than in Sf9 insect control vesicles. These effects were effectively reversed by increasing concentrations of the specific inhibitor MK-571. In conclusion, tenofovir is a new substrate of the MRP8 transporter. An alteration in the activity of this efflux pump may increase the intracellular accumulation of tenofovir in proximal renal tubular cells.
Single- and Multiple-Dose Study To Determine the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Food Effect of Oral MRX-I versus Linezolid in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Eckburg Paul B. , Ge Yigong , Hafkin Barry
Published: February 2017

A multipart phase 1 study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and food effect of the novel oral oxazolidinone, MRX-I, in healthy adults, as well as the tolerability of longer-term exposure of both oral MRX-I and linezolid. Thirty subjects in part 1 received single ascending doses of MRX-I or placebo under fasting or fed condition in a double-blind crossover design. Twelve subjects in part 2 received MRX-I at 800 mg every 12 h (q12h) for 14 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. In part 3, 24 subjects were randomized to receive 28 days of MRX-I at 800 mg q12h or oral linezolid at 600 mg q12h for 28 days in a double-blind, double-dummy design. Oral MRX-I was associated with a greater bioavailability and exposure when administered with food, and minimal accumulation of MRX-I occurred after multiple-dose administration. Oral MRX-I was well tolerated at single doses of up to 1,200 and 800 mg q12h for up to 28 days; all adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, and there was no drug discontinuation due to adverse events. These data support further clinical development of oral MRX-I in the treatment of resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections.
Troponoids Can Inhibit Growth of the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Donlin Maureen J. , Zunica Anthony , Lipnicky Ashlyn , Garimallaprabhakaran Aswin K. , Berkowitz Alex J. , Grigoryan Alexandre , Meyers Marvin J. , Tavis John E. , Murelli Ryan P.
Published: February 2017

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a pathogen that is common in immunosuppressed patients. It can be treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole, but the mortality rate remains 15 to 30%. Thus, novel and more effective anticryptococcal therapies are needed. The troponoids are based on natural products isolated from western red cedar, and have a broad range of antimicrobial activities. Extracts of western red cedar inhibit the growth of several fungal species, but neither western red cedar extracts nor troponoid derivatives have been tested against
C. neoformans
. We screened 56 troponoids for their ability to inhibit
C. neoformans
growth and to assess whether they may be attractive candidates for development into anticryptococcal drugs. We determined MICs at which the compounds inhibited 80% of cryptococcal growth relative to vehicle-treated controls and identified 12 compounds with MICs ranging from 0.2 to 15 μM. We screened compounds with MICs of ≤20 μM for cytotoxicity in liver hepatoma cells. Fifty percent cytotoxicity values (CC
50
s) ranged from 4 to >100 μM. The therapeutic indexes (TI, CC
50
/MIC) for most of the troponoids were fairly low, with most being <8. However, two compounds had TI values that were >8, including a tropone with a TI of >300. These tropones are fungicidal and are not antagonistic when used in combination with fluconazole or amphotericin B. Inhibition by these two tropones remains unchanged under conditions favoring cryptococcal capsule formation. These data support the hypothesis that troponoids may be a productive scaffold for the development of novel anticryptococcal therapies.
Anthelmintic Therapy Modifies the Systemic and Mycobacterial Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Profile in Helminth-Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection
Authors: Anuradha Rajamanickam , Munisankar Saravanan , Bhootra Yukthi , Dolla Chandrakumar , Kumaran Paul , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash
Published: February 2017

Helminth infections are known to modulate cytokine responses in latent tuberculosis (LTB). However, very few studies have examined whether this modulation is reversible upon anthelmintic therapy. We measured the systemic and mycobacterial (TB) antigen-stimulated levels of type 1, type 2, type 17, and regulatory cytokines in individuals with LTB and with or without coexistent
Strongyloides stercoralis
infection before and after anthelmintic therapy. Our data reveal that individuals with LTB and coexistent
S. stercoralis
infection have significantly lower levels of systemic and TB antigen-stimulated type 1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and type 17 (IL-17A and/or IL-17F) cytokines and significantly higher levels of systemic but not TB antigen-stimulated type 2 (IL-4 and IL-5) and regulatory (transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) cytokines. Anthelmintic therapy resulted in significantly increased systemic levels of type 1 and/or type 17 cytokines and in significantly decreased systemic levels of type 2 and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. In addition, anthelmintic therapy resulted in significantly increased TB antigen-stimulated levels of type 1 cytokines only. Our data therefore confirm that the modulation of systemic and TB antigen-stimulated cytokine responses in
S. stercoralis
-LTB coinfection is reversible (for the most part) by anthelmintic treatment.
Protective Role of Passively Transferred Maternal Cytokines against Bordetella pertussis Infection in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Elahi Shokrollah , Thompson David R. , Van Kessel Jill , Babiuk Lorne A. , Gerdts Volker
Published: February 2017

Maternal vaccination represents a potential strategy to protect both the mother and the offspring against life-threatening infections. This protective role has mainly been associated with antibodies, but the role of cell-mediated immunity, in particular passively transferred cytokines, is not well understood. Here, using a pertussis model, we have demonstrated that immunization of pregnant sows with heat-inactivated bacteria leads to induction of a wide range of cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-12/IL-23p40) in addition to pertussis-specific antibodies. These cytokines can be detected in the sera and colostrum/milk of vaccinated sows and subsequently were detected at significant levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of piglets born to vaccinated sows together with pertussis-specific antibodies. In contrast, active vaccination of newborn piglets with heat-inactivated bacteria induced high levels of specific IgG and IgA but no cytokines. Although the levels of antibodies in vaccinated piglets were comparable to those of passively transferred antibodies, no protection againstBordetella pertussisinfection was observed. Thus, our results demonstrate that a combination of passively transferred cytokines and antibodies is crucial for disease protection. The presence of passively transferred cytokines/antibodies influences the cytokine secretion ability of splenocytes in the neonate, which provides novel evidence that maternal immunization can influence the newborn's cytokine milieu and may impact immune cell differentiation (e.g., Th1/Th2 phenotype). Therefore, these maternally derived cytokines may play an essential role both as mediators of early defense against infections and possibly as modulators of the immune repertoire of the offspring.
DdaR (PA1196) Regulates Expression of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase for the Metabolism of Methylarginines in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Lundgren Benjamin R. , Bailey Frank J. , Moley Gabriella , Nomura Christopher T.
Published: February 2017

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) catalyze the hydrolysis of methylarginines to yield
l
-citrulline and methylamines as products. DDAHs and their central roles in methylarginine metabolism have been characterized for eukaryotic cells. While DDAHs are known to exist in some bacteria, including
Streptomyces coelicolor
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, the physiological importance and genetic regulation of bacterial DDAHs remain poorly understood. To provide some insight into bacterial methylarginine metabolism, this study focused on identifying the key elements or factors regulating DDAH expression in
P. aeruginosa
PAO1. First, results revealed that
P. aeruginosa
can utilize
N

G

,
N

G

-dimethyl-
l
-arginine (ADMA) as a sole source of nitrogen but not carbon. Second, expression of the
ddaH
gene was observed to be induced in the presence of methylarginines, including
N

G

-monomethyl-
l
-arginine (
l
-NMMA) and ADMA. Third, induction of the
ddaH
gene was shown to be achieved through a mechanism consisting of the putative enhancer-binding protein PA1196 and the alternative sigma factor RpoN. Both PA1196 and RpoN were essential for the expression of the
ddaH
gene in response to methylarginines. On the basis of the results of this study, PA1196 was given the name DdaR, for
d
imethylarginine
d
imethyl
a
minohydrolase
r
egulator. Interestingly, DdaR and its target
ddaH
gene are conserved only among
P. aeruginosa
strains, suggesting that this particular
Pseudomonas
species has evolved to utilize methylarginines from its environment.

IMPORTANCE
Methylated arginine residues are common constituents of eukaryotic proteins. During proteolysis, methylarginines are released in their free forms and become accessible nutrients for bacteria to utilize as growth substrates. In order to have a clearer and better understanding of this process, we explored methylarginine utilization in the metabolically versatile bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PAO1. Our results show that the transcriptional regulator DdaR (PA1196) and the sigma factor RpoN positively regulate expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) in response to exogenous methylarginines. DDAH is the central enzyme of methylarginine degradation, and its transcriptional regulation by DdaR-RpoN is expected to be conserved among
P. aeruginosa
strains.
Role of Cyclic Di-GMP and Exopolysaccharide in Type IV Pilus Dynamics
Authors: Ribbe Jan , Baker Amy E. , Euler Sebastian , O'Toole George A. , Maier Berenike
Published: February 2017

For
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, levels of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) govern the transition from the planktonic state to biofilm formation. Type IV pili (T4P) are crucial determinants of biofilm structure and dynamics, but it is unknown how levels of c-di-GMP affect pilus dynamics. Here, we scrutinized how c-di-GMP affects molecular motor properties and adhesive behavior of T4P. By means of retraction, T4P generated forces of ∼30 pN. Deletion mutants in the proteins with known roles in biofilm formation, swarming motility, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production (specifically, the diguanylate cyclases
sadC
and
roeA
or the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase
bifA
) showed only modest effects on velocity or force of T4P retraction. At high levels of c-di-GMP, the production of exopolysaccharides, particularly of Pel, is upregulated. We found that Pel production strongly enhances T4P-mediated surface adhesion of
P. aeruginosa
, suggesting that T4P-matrix interactions may be involved in biofilm formation by
P. aeruginosa
. Finally, our data support the previously proposed model of slingshot-like “twitching” motility of
P. aeruginosa
.

IMPORTANCE
Type IV pili (T4P) play various important roles in the transition of bacteria from the planktonic state to the biofilm state, including surface attachment and surface sensing. Here, we investigate adhesion, dynamics, and force generation of T4P after bacteria engage a surface. Our studies showed that two critical components of biofilm formation by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, T4P and exopolysaccharides, contribute to enhanced T4P-mediated force generation by attached bacteria. These data indicate a crucial role for the coordinated impact of multiple biofilm-promoting factors during the early stages of attachment to a surface. Our data are also consistent with a previous model explaining why pilus-mediated motility in
P. aeruginosa
results in characteristic “twitching” behavior.
Unusual sites of metastases of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Cherian Renitha Miriam , Jeba Jenifer , Mukhopadhyay Sramana , Backianathan Selvamani
Published: February 2017

We present a case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cervix with solitary bone metastases to the right tibia and multiple cutaneous metastases. A woman aged 52 years with cancer of the cervix and lung metastases, after 21 months of initial diagnosis and palliative chemotherapy presented with pain in the right knee and multiple nodular skin lesions. Bone scintigraphy revealed intense increased tracer activity in the proximal and mid shaft of the right tibia. Biopsy from the tibial lesion confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The presentation, diagnosis and management of this rare case are discussed.
Does achieving the best practice tariff improve outcomes in hip fracture patients? An observational cohort study
Authors: Oakley B , Nightingale J , Moran CG , Moppett IK
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To determine if the introduction of the best practice tariff (BPT) has improved survival of the elderly hip fracture population, or if achieving BPT results in improved survival for an individual.

Setting

A single university-affiliated teaching hospital.

Participants

2541 patients aged over 60 admitted with a neck of femur fracture between 2008 and 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 were included, to create two cohorts of patients, before and after the introduction of BPT. The post-BPT cohort was divided into two groups, those who achieved the criteria and those who did not.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcomes of interest were differences in mortality across cohorts. Secondary analysis was performed to identify associations between individual BPT criteria and mortality.

Results

The introduction of BPT did not significantly alter overall 30-mortality in the hip fracture population (8.3% pre-BPT vs 10.0% post-BPT; p=0.128). Neither was there a significant reduction in length of stay (15 days (IQR 9–21) pre-BPT vs 14 days (IQR 11–22); p=0.236). However, the introduction of BPT was associated with a reduction in the time from admission to theatre (median 44 hours pre-BPT (IQR 24–44) vs 23 hours post-BPT (IQR 17–30); p<0.005). 30-day mortality in those who achieved BPT was significantly lower (6.0% vs 21.0% in those who did not achieve-BPT; p<0.005). There was a survival benefit at 1 year for those who achieved BPT (28.6% vs 42.0% did not achieve-BPT; p<0.005). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that of the BPT criteria, AMT monitoring and expedited surgery were the only BPT criteria that significantly influenced survival.

Conclusions

The introduction of the BPT has not led to a demonstrable improvement in outcomes at organisational level, though other factors may have confounded any benefits. However, patients where BPT criteria are met appear to have improved outcomes.
Management of equine sarcoids
Authors: Tupper Jason
Published: February 2017

The equine sarcoid is a common, locally aggressive fibroblastic cutaneous skin tumour. It can appear anywhere on the body, but is most commonly found on areas where flies can land, such as the medial thigh or neck. There are six distinct forms of equine sarcoid and these range from less severe forms to more aggressive types. There are a number of treatment options, and the treatment will depend on the individual horse. This article describes the six types of equine sarcoids and discusses the treatment options available.
Patterns in larval reef fish distributions and assemblages, with implications for local retention in mesoscale eddies
Authors: Shulzitski K. , Sponaugle S. , Hauff M. , Walter K.D. , D’Alessandro E.K. , Cowen R.K.
Published: February 2017

Benthic marine populations are often replenished by a combination of larvae from local and distant sources. To promote retention of locally spawned larvae in strong, unidirectional boundary current systems, benthic marine organisms must utilize biophysical mechanisms to minimize advective loss. We examined patterns in larval fish abundance, age distribution, and assemblage in relation to environmental variables in the Straits of Florida to better understand the factors underlying larval transport and retention in a boundary current system. Depth was the primary structuring element; larval assemblages were more distinct across vertical distances of tens of metres than they were over horizontal distances of tens to hundreds of kilometres. However, depth distributions were species-specific, and larval assemblages inside and outside of mesoscale eddies were distinct. Age distributions were consistent with the hypothesis that mesoscale eddies provide opportunities for retention. Our data indicate that the effect of eddies on larval retention is likely taxon-specific and temporally variable, as synchronization of reproductive output, larval distribution, and timing of eddy passage are prerequisite to entrainment and subsequent retention of locally spawned larvae.
The Canada–United States productivity puzzle: regional evidence of the pulp and paper industry, 1971–2005
Authors: Bernard Jean-Thomas , Hussain Jakir
Published: February 2017

We analyze the total factor productivity (TFP) of the pulp and paper industry in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec) and in three United States (US) states that are contiguously located south of the border (Washington, Illinois, and Maine) over the period of 1971 to 2005. We find that the industry in the three Canadian provinces had much higher TFP growth rates in the era following the Free-Trade Agreement (FTA) signed in 1988. In terms of productivity level, this relative TFP surge allowed the industry in Ontario and British Columbia to move ahead of Illinois and Washington, respectively; however, Quebec trailed further Maine, which is the overall leader in the sample. Our results in this particular case reveal that the Canadian pulp and paper industry did not contribute to the overall Canada–US productivity gap.
Anisotropic universe and reconstructing f(R, T) theory from holographic Ricci dark energy
Authors: Fayaz V. , Hossienkhani H. , Zarei Z. , Ganji M. , Azimi N.
Published: February 2017

In this work, we regard f(R, T) gravity as an effective description of the acceleration of the universe and reconstruct the function f(R, T) from the holographic Ricci dark energy by considering a Bianchi type I universe. So the connection gives us an opportunity to redefine the Hubble parameter, the pressure, the equations of state parameter, and the energy density parameter representation by considering Bianchi type I models for holographic Ricci dark energy. We wrap up the evolution of the accelerated expansion of the anisotropic universe, which is faster than the evolution of the FRW and ΛCDM models.
Recent advances in the study of mercury methylation in aquatic systems
Authors: Paranjape Avnee R. , Hall Britt D.
Published: February 2017

With increasing input of neurotoxic mercury to environments as a result of anthropogenic activity, it has become imperative to examine how mercury may enter biotic systems through its methylation to bioavailable forms in aquatic environments. Recent development of stable isotope-based methods in methylation studies has enabled a better understanding of the factors controlling methylation in aquatic systems. In addition, the identification and tracking of the hgcAB gene cluster, which is necessary for methylation, has broadened the range of known methylators and methylation-conducive environments. Study of abiotic factors in methylation with new molecular methods (the use of stable isotopes and genomic methods) has helped elucidate the confounding influences of many environmental factors, as these methods enable the examination of their direct effects instead of merely correlative observations. Such developments will be helpful in the finer characterization of mercury biogeochemical cycles, which will enable better predictions of the potential effects of climate change on mercury methylation in aquatic systems and, by extension, the threat this may pose to biota.
Solitons and integrability for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient shallow water wave equation
Authors: Wang Ya-Le , Gao Yi-Tian , Jia Shu-Liang , Lan Zhong-Zhou , Deng Gao-Fu , Su Jing-Jing
Published: February 2017

Under investigation in this paper is a (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient shallow water wave equation which can be reduced to several integrable equations, such as the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation. Bilinear forms, Bäcklund transformation, Lax pair and infinite conservation laws are derived based on the binary Bell polynomials. N-soliton solutions are constructed via the Hirota method. Propagation and interaction of the solitons are illustrated graphically: (i) variable coefficients affect the shape of the N-soliton interaction in the scaled space and time coordinates; (ii) positions of the solitons depend on the sign of wave numbers after each interaction; (iii) interaction of the solitons is elastic, i.e. the amplitude, velocity and shape of each soliton remain invariant after each interaction except for a phase shift.
Coherent and squeezed states for the 3D harmonic oscillator
Authors: Mazouz Amel , Bentaiba Mustapha , Mahieddine Ali
Published: February 2017

A three-dimensional harmonic oscillator is studied in the context of generalized coherent states. We construct its squeezed states as eigenstates of linear contribution of ladder operators which are associated to the generalized Heisenberg algebra. We study the probability density to show the compression effect on the squeezed states. Our analysis reveals that squeezed states give us some freedom on the precise knowledge of position of the particle while maintaining the Heisenberg uncertainty relation minimum, squeezed states remains squeezed states over time.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ELECTRO-OSMOSIS MODULATED CAPILLARY PERISTALTIC HEMODYNAMICS
Authors: TRIPATHI DHARMENDRA , BHUSHAN SHASHI , BÉG O. ANWAR
Published: February 2017

A mathematical model is developed to analyze electro-kinetic effects on unsteady peristaltic transport of blood in cylindrical vessels of finite length. The Newtonian viscous model is adopted. The analysis is restricted under Debye–Hückel linearization (i.e., wall zeta potential [Formula: see text] 25[Formula: see text]mV) is sufficiently small). The transformed, nondimensional conservation equations are derived via lubrication theory and long wavelength and the resulting linearized boundary value problem is solved exactly. The case of a thin electric double layer (i.e., where only slip electro-osmotic velocity considered) is retrieved as a particular case of the present model. The response in pumping characteristics (axial velocity, pressure gradient or difference, volumetric flow rate, local wall shear stress) to the influence of electro-osmotic effect (inverse Debye length) and Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity is elaborated in detail. Visualization of trapping phenomenon is also included and the bolus dynamics evolution with electro-kinetic effects examined. A comparative study of train wave propagation and single wave propagation is presented under the effects of thickness of EDL and external electric field. The study is relevant to electrophoresis in haemotology, electrohydrodynamic therapy and biomimetic electro-osmotic pumps.
Supply Chain Management Practices and Product Development: A Moderated Mediation Model of Supply Chain Responsiveness, Organization Structure, and Research and Development
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Zhang Jian , Gilal Rehman Gul , Gilal Rukhsana Gul , Gilal Naeem Gul
Published: February 2017

The supply chain management theory is advanced by a joint investigation of the mediating role of (a) supply chain responsiveness (SCR) (e.g., operation, logistic and supplier network responsiveness) in linking supply chain management practices (SCMP) with product development (PD) and (b) the moderating role of organization structure (OS) and research and development (R&D) in influencing the mediation. Using K. J. Preacher, D. D. Rucker and A. F. Hayes’s [Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions, Multivariate Behavioral Research 42(1) (2007) 185–227] moderated mediation framework, the authors tested the model with survey data from 210 White-collars of national and multinational fast moving consumer goods companies operating in Pakistan. Results showed that SCR mediated the relationship between supply chain management practices with product development. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed that organization structure moderated the mediation for supply chain management practices with supply chain responsiveness, whereas research and development moderated the mediation for supply chain responsiveness and product development. Additionally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
THE MULTIFACETED ROLE OF THE NETWORK ORCHESTRATOR — A LONGITUDINAL CASE STUDY
Authors: NILSEN ETTY RAGNHILD , GAUSDAL ANNE HAUGEN
Published: February 2017

This longitudinal empirical case study develops a new framework for the role of the orchestrator of networks of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The SME network under study is followed during six years, through five stages of its lifecycle, and demonstrates the complex and multifaceted nature of the role of the network orchestrator. Various roles are needed for the various stages in order to achieve network retention and sustainability. This multifaceted role is found to encompass the roles as knowledge broker, innovation broker, network entrepreneur and leader and strategist, where the latter emerges as the most salient. The similarities with the role of a firm manager seem paradoxial in light of the dominating view of network management, characterized by the concept of distributed and collective leadership.
Evaluating Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell’s Survival, Migration, and Expression of Wound Repair Markers under Conditions of Ischemia-Like Stress
Authors: Himal Iris , Goyal Umesh , Ta Malancha
Published: February 2017

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is currently limited by low retention and poor survival of transplanted cells as demonstrated by clinical studies. This is mainly due to the harsh microenvironment created by oxygen and nutrient deprivation and inflammation at the injured sites. The choice of MSC source could be critical in determining fate and cellular function of MSCs under stress. Our objective here was to investigate the influence of ischemia-like stress on Wharton’s jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) from human umbilical cord to assess their therapeutic relevance in ischemic diseases. We simulated conditions of ischemia in vitro by culturing WJ-MSCs in 2% oxygen in serum deprived and low glucose medium. Under these conditions, WJ-MSCs retained viable population of greater than 80%. They expressed the characteristic MSC surface antigens at levels comparable to the control WJ-MSCs and were negative for the expression of costimulatory molecules. An upregulation of many ECM and adhesion molecules and growth and angiogenic factors contributing to wound healing and regeneration was noted in the ischemic WJ-MSC population by a PCR array. Their migration ability, however, got impaired. Our findings provide evidence that WJ-MSCs might be therapeutically beneficial and potent in healing wounds under ischemic conditions.