bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of primary care
Authors: Akman Mehmet , Ayhan Başer Duygu , Usanma Koban Bugu , Marti Tino , Decat Peter , Lefeuvre Yann , Miller Robin
Published: September 2022

Strong primary care does not develop spontaneously but requires a well-developed organizational planning between levels of care. Primary care-oriented health systems are required to effectively tackle unmet health needs of the population, and efficient primary care organization (PCO) is crucial for this aim. Via strong primary care, health delivery, health outcomes, equity, and health security could be improved. There are several theoretical models on how primary care can be organized. In this position paper, the key aspects and benchmarks of PCO will be explored based on previously mentioned frameworks and domains. The aim of this position paper is to assist primary care providers, policymakers, and researchers by discussing the current context of PCO and providing guidance for implementation, development, and evaluation of it in a particular setting. The conceptual map of this paper consists of structural and process (PC service organization) domains and is adapted from frameworks described in literature and World Health Organization resources. Evidence we have gathered for this paper shows that for establishing a strong PCO, it is crucial to ensure accessible, continuous, person-centered, community-oriented, coordinated, and integrated primary care services provided by competent and socially accountable multiprofessional teams working in a setting where clear policy documents exist, adequate funding is available, and primary care is managed by dedicated units.
Where Is the Key? Unlocking Ecological-Political Transformations
Authors: Paterson Matthew
Published: August 2022

As the environmental crisis has intensified, especially regarding climate change and biodiversity loss, we have increasingly recognized that responding adequately requires unprecedented social, economic, technical, and political change. Academic attention across many disciplines has thus turned to questions of what sorts of mechanisms might trigger such changes. We are no longer in a situation where we can satisfy ourselves with simply understanding political processes solely out of curiosity or to test some particular theory of choice: we need to be thinking about how rapid intensive change can be mobilized.
Annäherung beruflicher Selbstverständnisse durch ein Traineeprogramm
Authors: Budecker Lena Susanne
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die gesetzlich geregelte Anerkennung von ausländischen Abschlüssen berücksichtigt nicht das berufliche Selbstverständnis einer Pflegefachperson. Unterschiedliche Berufsverständnisse können im Alltag zu Konflikten führen. Das beschriebene Traineeprogramm ermöglicht es, durch Kooperation der drei beteiligten Akteure, Räume zu schaffen in denen gemeinsame Werte der Pflegefachpersonen gefunden werden können. So kann eine gemeinsame Ausgestaltung der Pflegepraxis gelingen.
Spielen oder lernen? Beides!
Authors: Hacker Manuela , Halbwachs Markus , Kaper Julian , Pechuel Rasmus , Kreuzberg Tim , Schweighofer Maria , Hülsken-Giesler Manfred
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Mit der Serious Game App Take Care können Auszubildende in eine digitale Lernwelt, der Pflegeeinrichtung „Sonnenaufgang“, eintauchen und als Pflegefachkraft ihre kommunikativen Kompetenzen im Umgang mit Menschen mit Demenz trainieren. Vier europäische Länder erproben die App im Rahmen der Pflegeausbildung und jetzt liegen erste Forschungsergebnisse aus Österreich vor.
A Computational Framework for Time‐Dependent Deformation in Viscoelastic Magmatic Systems
Authors: Rucker Cody , Erickson Brittany A. , Karlstrom Leif , Lee Brian , Gopalakrishnan Jay
Published: September 2022

Time‐dependent ground deformation is a key observable in active magmatic systems, but is challenging to characterize. Here we present a numerical framework for modeling transient deformation and stress around a subsurface, spheroidal pressurized magma reservoir within a viscoelastic half‐space with variable material coefficients, utilizing a high‐order finite‐element method and explicit time‐stepping. We derive numerically stable time steps and verify convergence, then explore the frequency dependence of surface displacement associated with cyclic pressure applied to a spherical reservoir beneath a stress‐free surface. We consider a Maxwell rheology and a steady geothermal gradient, which gives rise to spatially variable viscoelastic material properties. The temporal response of the system is quantified with a transfer function that connects peak surface deformation to reservoir pressurization in the frequency domain. The amplitude and phase of this transfer function characterize the viscoelastic response of the system, and imply a framework for characterizing general deformation time series through superposition. Transfer function components vary with the frequency of pressure forcing and are modulated strongly by the background temperature field. The dominantly viscous region around the reservoir is also frequency dependent, through a local Deborah number that measures pressurization period against a spatially varying Maxwell relaxation time. This near‐reservoir region defines a spatially complex viscous/elastic transition whose volume depends on the frequency of forcing. Our computational and transfer function analysis framework represents a general approach for studying transient viscoelastic crustal responses to magmatic forcing through spectral decomposition of deformation time series, such as long‐duration geodetic observations.
Seismic Coda‐Wave Attenuation Tomography of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Mitra Supriyo , Wanchoo Sunil Kumar , Priestley Keith
Published: September 2022

Lateral variation in seismic attenuation of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya has been studied from local‐earthquake coda waves using 588 single‐trace measurements and back‐projection tomography of coda quality factor (Qc(f)). Single‐trace measurements are performed for a range of lapse time and coda‐window length, and a final choice of 2ts and 90 s, respectively, have been made based on an unbiased distribution of Q0 as a function of epicentral distance. These choices ensure coda start time beyond transient arrivals and satisfies the assumption of coda‐wave generation through multiple forward‐scattering. From single‐traces we obtain Qc(f) = 231 ± 21f0.93±0.05, with a negative correlation between Q0 and η. Qc(f) tomography are presented as 2D‐anomaly maps computed from Qmean at every f, and as absolute Q0 and η maps. These reveal strong frequency‐dependent lateral variations in attenuation. At f = 3–5 Hz, the central Shiwalik Himalaya, Jammu‐Kishtwar Higher Himalaya, Zanskar Ranges, and eastern Kashmir Valley have ∼10% positive Qc anomaly; and high Q0 (270–300) and low η (0.8–0.85), indicating low absorption of seismic energy. The Kishtwar Window region, the reentrant of the Main Boundary and Main Central thrusts, and the western Kashmir Valley have ∼10% negative Qc anomaly, low‐to‐intermediate Q0 (210–250) and high η (0.9–1.0), revealing strong attenuation at structural heterogeneities. At f = 8–14 Hz, the lateral variation in Qc anomaly between the western Kashmir Himalaya (positive) and eastern Jammu‐Kishtwar Himalaya (negative), possibly arises from the crustal thickness variations and steep‐to‐shallow NE dipping Moho from east‐to‐west.
Viral cross-class transmission results in disease of a phytopathogenic fungus
Authors: Deng Yue , Zhou Kang , Wu Mingde , Zhang Jing , Yang Long , Chen Weidong , Li Guoqing
Published: August 2022

Interspecies transmission of viruses is a well-known phenomenon in animals and plants whether via contacts or vectors. In fungi, interspecies transmission between distantly related fungi is often suspected but rarely experimentally documented and may have practical implications. A newly described double-strand RNA (dsRNA) virus found asymptomatic in the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria biglobosa of cruciferous crops was successfully transmitted to an evolutionarily distant, broad-host range pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Leptosphaeria biglobosa botybirnavirus 1 (LbBV1) was characterized in L. biglobosa strain GZJS-19. Its infection in L. biglobosa was asymptomatic, as no significant differences in radial mycelial growth and pathogenicity were observed between LbBV1-infected and LbBV1-free strains. However, cross-species transmission of LbBV1 from L. biglobosa to infection in B. cinerea resulted in the hypovirulence of the recipient B. cinerea strain t-459-V. The cross-species transmission was succeeded only by inoculation of mixed spores of L. biglobosa and B. cinerea on PDA or on stems of oilseed rape with the efficiency of 4.6% and 18.8%, respectively. To investigate viral cross-species transmission between L. biglobosa and B. cinerea in nature, RNA sequencing was carried out on L. biglobosa and B. cinerea isolates obtained from Brassica samples co-infected by these two pathogens and showed that at least two mycoviruses were detected in both fungal groups. These results indicate that cross-species transmission of mycoviruses may occur frequently in nature and result in the phenotypical changes of newly invaded phytopathogenic fungi. This study also provides new insights for using asymptomatic mycoviruses as biocontrol agent.
Aligned macrocycle pores in ultrathin films for accurate molecular sieving
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Dong Ruijiao , Evans Austin M. , Biere Niklas , Ebrahim Mahmood A. , Li Siyao , Anselmetti Dario , Dichtel William R. , Livingston Andrew G.
Published: August 2022

Polymer membranes are widely used in separation processes including desalination1, organic solvent nanofiltration2,3 and crude oil fractionation4,5. Nevertheless, direct evidence of subnanometre pores and a feasible method of manipulating their size is still challenging because of the molecular fluctuations of poorly defined voids in polymers6. Macrocycles with intrinsic cavities could potentially tackle this challenge. However, unfunctionalized macrocycles with indistinguishable reactivities tend towards disordered packing in films hundreds of nanometres thick7–9, hindering cavity interconnection and formation of through-pores. Here, we synthesized selectively functionalized macrocycles with differentiated reactivities that preferentially aligned to create well-defined pores across an ultrathin nanofilm. The ordered structure was enhanced by reducing the nanofilm thickness down to several nanometres. This orientated architecture enabled direct visualization of subnanometre macrocycle pores in the nanofilm surfaces, with the size tailored to ångström precision by varying the macrocycle identity. Aligned macrocycle membranes provided twice the methanol permeance and higher selectivity compared to disordered counterparts. Used in high-value separations, exemplified here by enriching cannabidiol oil, they achieved one order of magnitude faster ethanol transport and threefold higher enrichment than commercial state-of-the-art membranes. This approach offers a feasible strategy for creating subnanometre channels in polymer membranes, and demonstrates their potential for accurate molecular separations.
Description and validation of a new, simple, easy-to handle, point-of-care technique for measuring erythrocyte aggregation kinetics
Authors: Charansonney Olivier L. , Morel Pascal , Dufaux Jacques , Vicaut Eric
Published: August 2022

Erythrocyte aggregation (EA) is a physiological process by which erythrocytes reversibly stick together within the blood vessels. EA plays a major role in blood viscosity in vivo, thereby impacting blood flow to organs. EA is no doubt greatly important in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, but the studies its importance calls for are complicated by the lack of a reliable and easy way to measure it. We have developed a new point-of-care technique which can very specifically measure EA initial kinetics (EAK) in 20 s directly on blood samples routinely collected in tubes commonly used in clinical settings. We present the results of the validation studies of this EAK test: A mono-exponential curve explains 99% of EAK variance. EAK is normally distributed in healthy individuals, with an interindividual 15% coefficient of variation and is stable for least one hour after blood collection. Intraindividual coefficient of variation is 2.6%. EA can now be easily measured in any clinical setting.
Transcriptome profiling reveals the genes and pathways involved in thermo-tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype Raj 3765
Authors: Azameti Mawuli K. , Ranjan Alok , Singh P. K. , Gaikwad Kishor , Singh Anil Kumar , Dalal Monika , Arora Ajay , Rai Vandna , Padaria Jasdeep C.
Published: September 2022

Wheat, one of the most widely consumed staple food crops globally, is relatively vulnerable to high temperature-induced heat stress. It is therefore essential to gain more insight into the comprehensive mechanism of thermotolerance of wheat in order to safeguard its production. In view of this, we analysed heat stress responsive transcriptome data of wheat to determine its gene expression level under heat stress. A total of 7990 DEGs, including 4483 up-regulated and 3507 down regulated genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categorized 3910 DEGs into different ontology families. 146 pathways involving 814 DEGs were enriched during KEGG analysis. Metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the major pathways enriched. MYB (myeloblastosis) transcription factors (TFs) and many other TFs as bHLH, WRKY, NAC, ERF, were determined to be quite abundant in the DEGs. Since various reports indicate that these TFs play important role in plants abiotic stress, it is an indication that our DEGs are functional in heat stress tolerance. Verification of few selected DEGs using RT-qPCR produced expression levels similar to the transcriptome data. This indicates that the transcriptome data is reliable. These results could be helpful in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism underlying thermotolerance in wheat.
Human third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Dixson Barnaby J. W.
Published: September 2022

Sexual selection via male-male contest competition has shaped the evolution of agonistic displays, weaponry, and fighting styles, and is further argued to have shaped human psychological mechanisms to detect, process, and respond appropriately to cues of fighting ability. Drawing on the largest fight-specific dataset to date across the sports and biological sciences (N = 2765 fights), we examined how different indicators of fighting ability in humans reflect unique paths to victory and indicate different forms of perceived and actual resource-holding power (RHP). Overall, we discovered that: (1) both striking skill and vigour, and grappling skill and vigour, individually and collectively predict RHP; (2) different RHP indicators are distinguished by a unique path to victory (e.g., striking skill is a knockout-typical strategy, whereas grappling vigour is a submission-typical strategy); and (3) third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Our argument that different measures of RHP are associated with unique paths to victory, and third-party observers accurately track fighting vigour and skill along their unique paths to victory, advance our understanding not only of human contest competition, but animal contest theory more broadly.
Clinical and radiological evaluation of maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngological manifestations of Hansen’s disease
Authors: do Espírito Santo Rachel Bertolani , Serafim Rachel Azevedo , Loureiro Rafael Maffei , Gonçalves Dâmaris Versiani Caldeira , Sumi Daniel Vaccaro , de Mello Ricardo Andrade Fernandes , Collin Simon M. , Deps Patrícia D.
Published: September 2022

To characterize maxillofacial, otorhinolaryngological and oral manifestations of Hansen’s disease (HD), we conducted a cross-sectional study in 21 current patients attending the Unidade Básica de Saúde de Jardim América, Espírito Santo, Brazil and 16 former patients resident at Pedro Fontes Hospital using data from computed tomography imaging, rhinoscopy, and oroscopy. Maxillofacial characteristics were compared with 37 controls. Differences in bone alterations across the three groups were determined mainly by severe resorption/atrophy being more frequent in former HD patients, with severe resorption/atrophy of the anterior alveolar process of maxilla in 50.0% (8/16) of former patients, 28.6% (6/21) of current patients and 10.8% (4/37) of controls and of nasal bones and aperture in 31.3% (5/16) of former patients compared with 0/21 current patients and two controls. There were no substantial differences in otorhinolaryngological and oroscopic findings between the two patient groups. HD patients had more tooth loss than the age-matched control group. Maxillofacial, otorhinolaryngological and oroscopic finding scores were strongly correlated only in current HD patients. Correlation between otorhinolaryngological and maxillofacial scores suggests that protocols for HD patient assessment and follow-up could include otorhinolaryngological evaluation, with radiological imaging where necessary, subject to replication of our findings in a larger study.
Three-dimensional porous structured germanium anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion full-cells
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Naigen , Liu Xiang , Gao Xinhua , Fang Shan
Published: August 2022

A scalable and efficient 3D Ge/C interconnected porous composite preparation has been developed. The porosity structure and the continuing electron-conductive carbon matrix lead to outstanding cycling stability with an extended lifetime.
Age-Related Differences of Mandarin Tone and Consonant Aspiration Perception in Babble Noise
Authors: Meng Yaru , Chen Fei , Feng Yan , Peng Gang , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study investigated the categorical perception of Mandarin tones and consonant aspiration contrasts in babble noise among adults and adolescents aged 12–14 years, and explored the association between working memory and categorical perception.

Method:

Twenty-four adults and 20 adolescents with Mandarin as their native language were recruited. Their performances of phonemic identification and discrimination in babble noise and quiet conditions, digit span tasks, and nonword repetition were assessed.

Results:

Results indicated that, firstly, in the noise condition, both adults and adolescents showed wider boundary widths and lower between-category accuracies when perceiving aspiration of consonants than in the quiet condition, and the categorical boundary of tone perception in adolescents showed a transitional tendency toward Tone 1. Secondly, discrimination of consonant aspiration in adolescents needed to be further developed. Lastly, the accuracy of nonword repetition in adolescents was lower than that in adults, and adults with better auditory verbal working memory had better performance on tone perception.

Conclusions:

Our results provided evidence that tone perception is acquired easier than consonant aspiration perception, and tone perception is more robust and less susceptible to noise interference. Categorical perception performance relates to the capacity and utilization of auditory verbal working memory in some ways.
Magnetic signatures on mixed-mode frequencies
Authors: Bugnet L.
Published: September 2022

Context. Theoretical works have looked into the various topologies and amplitudes, as well as the stability of the magnetic field that is expected to be present in the radiative interior of stars evolving after the main sequence. From these studies, we know that strong stable “fossil” fields might be trapped inside evolved stars. These could trigger the strong transport of angular momentum from the core to the envelope, a process that is not generally included in state-of-the-art stellar models. This may therefore have a substantial impact on the mixing and the inferred stellar parameters. Such internal magnetic fields have never been observed in evolved stars. As a result, there is a major piece missing from our global picture of stars as dynamical bodies.

Aims. Asteroseismology has opened a window onto stellar internal dynamics, as oscillation frequencies, amplitudes, and lifetimes are affected by processes that are taking place inside the star. The detection of buried magnetic fields could therefore be possible through the measurement of their impact on the oscillations of stars. This advancement would be groundbreaking for our knowledge of stellar dynamics. In this scope, magnetic signatures on mixed-mode frequencies have recently been characterized, but the task of detection remains challenging as the mixed-mode frequency pattern is highly complex and affected by rotational effects, while modes of different radial orders are often intertwined. In this work, we aim to build a bridge between theoretical prescriptions and complex asteroseismic data analysis to facilitate a future search and characterization of internal magnetism with asteroseismology.

Methods. We investigated the effect of magnetic fields inside evolved stars with solar-like oscillations on the estimation of the period spacing of gravity-mode (g-mode) components of simulated mixed gravito-acoustic modes. We derived a new corrected stretching function of the power spectrum density to account for the presence of magnetic signatures on their frequencies.

Results. We demonstrate that the strong dependency of the amplitude of the magnetic signature with mixed-mode frequencies leads to biased estimates of period spacings towards lower values. We also show that a careful analysis of the oscillation frequency pattern through various period spacing estimates and across a broad frequency range might lead to the first detection of magnetic fields inside red giants and at the same time, we adjust the measured value of g-mode period spacing.
Chemical composition of the young massive cluster NGC 1569-B
Authors: Gvozdenko A. , Larsen S. S. , Beasley M. A. , Brodie J.
Published: August 2022

Context.The chemical composition of young massive clusters (YMCs) provides stellar population information on their host galaxy. As potential precursors of globular clusters (GCs), their properties can help us understand the origins of GCs and their evolution.

Aims.We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of the YMC NGC 1569-B. The host galaxy, NGC 1569, is a dwarf irregular starburst galaxy at a distance of 3.36 ± 0.20 Mpc. We derive the abundances of theα, Fe-peak, and heavy elements.

Methods.We determined the abundance ratios from the analysis of an optical integrated-light (IL) spectrum of NGC 1569-B, obtained with the HIRES echelle spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. We considered different red-to-blue supergiant ratios (NRSG/NBSG), namely: the ratio obtained from a theoretical isochrone (NRSG/NBSG = 1.24), the ratio obtained from a resolved colour–magnitude diagram of the YMC (NRSG/NBSG = 1.53), and the ratio that minimises theχ2when comparing our model spectra with the observations (NRSG/NBSG = 1.90). We adopted the latter ratio for our resulting chemical abundances.

Results.The derived iron abundance is sub-solar with [Fe/H] = −0.74 ± 0.05. In relation to the scaled solar composition, we find enhancedα-element abundances, [⟨Mg, Si, Ca, Ti⟩/Fe]= + 0.25 ± 0.11, with a particularly high Ti abundance of +0.49 ± 0.05. Other super-solar elements include [Cr/Fe] = +0.50 ± 0.11, [Sc/Fe] = +0.78 ± 0.20, and [Ba/Fe] = +1.28 ± 0.14, while other Fe-peak elements are close to scaled solar abundances: ([Mn/Fe] = −0.22 ± 0.12 and [Ni/Fe] = +0.13 ± 0.11).

Conclusions.The composition of NGC 1569-B resembles the stellar populations of the YMC NGC 1705-1, located in a blue compact dwarf galaxy. The two YMCs agree with regard toα-elements and the majority of the Fe-peak elements, except for Sc and Ba, which are extremely super-solar in NGC 1569-B – and higher than in any YMC studied so far. The blue part of the optical spectrum of a young population is still a very challenging wavelength region to analyse using IL spectroscopic studies. This is due to the uncertain contribution to the light from blue supergiant stars, which can be difficult to disentangle from turn-off stars, even when resolved photometry is available. We suggest that the comparison of model fits at different wavelengths offers a route to determining the red-to-blue supergiant ratio from IL spectroscopy.
The binary system of the spinning-top Be star Achernar
Authors: Kervella Pierre , Borgniet Simon , Domiciano de Souza Armando , Mérand Antoine , Gallenne Alexandre , Rivinius Thomas , Lacour Sylvestre , Carciofi Alex , Faes Daniel Moser , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Taormina Monica , Pilecki Bogumił , Berger Jean-Philippe , Bendjoya Philippe , Klement Robert , Millour Florentin , Janot-Pacheco Eduardo , Spang Alain , Vakili Farrokh
Published: September 2022

Context.Achernar, the closest and brightest classical Be star, presents rotational flattening, gravity darkening, occasional emission lines due to a gaseous disk, and an extended polar wind. It is also a member of a close binary system with an early A-type dwarf companion.

Aims.We aim to determine the orbital parameters of the Achernar system and to estimate the physical properties of the components.

Methods.We monitored the relative position of Achernar B using a broad range of high angular resolution instruments of the VLT/VLTI (VISIR, NACO, SPHERE, AMBER, PIONIER, GRAVITY, and MATISSE) over a period of 13 years (2006−2019). These astrometric observations are complemented with a series of ≈750 optical spectra for the period from 2003 to 2016.

Results.We determine that Achernar B orbits the primary Be star on a seven-year period, eccentric orbit (e = 0.7258 ± 0.0015) which brings the two stars within 2 au at periastron. The mass of the Be star is found to bemA = 6.0 ± 0.6 M⊙for a secondary mass ofmB = 2.0 ± 0.1 M⊙(the latter was estimated from modeling). We find a good agreement of the parameters of Achernar A with the evolutionary model of a critically rotating star of 6.4 M⊙at an age of 63 Ma. The equatorial plane of the Be star and the orbital plane of the companion exhibit a relative inclination of 30°. We also identify a resolved comoving low-mass star, which leads us to propose that Achernar is a member of the Tucana-Horologium moving group.

Conclusions.The proximity of Achernar makes this star a precious benchmark for stellar evolution models of fast rotators and intermediate mass binaries. Achernar A is presently in a short-lived phase of its evolution following the turn-off, during which its geometrical flattening ratio is the most extreme. Considering the orbital parameters, no significant interaction occurred between the two components, demonstrating that Be stars may form through a direct, single-star evolution path without mass transfer. Since component A will enter the instability strip in a few hundred thousand years, Achernar appears to be a promising progenitor of the Cepheid binary systems.
Energy Performance of a Solar Greenhouse Used as Heat Source in Ventilation Systems
Authors: Conceição Eusébio , Conceição Mª Inês , Gomes João , Lúcio Mª Manuela , Awbi Hazim
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a numerical study on the energy performance of a solar greenhouse used as a heat source in a ventilation system applied in a virtual house. This work, developed in winter conditions, uses a greenhouse and a ventilation system as heating ventilation system. The greenhouse, used to heating the air, is built with a group of glasses turned to East, South and West, placed above the roof, and the ventilation system, built with two groups of ducts, one used to transport the warm air to spaces turned to north and other used to free cooling to spaces turned south. This numerical simulation uses a software, developed by the authors, that simulates the Building Thermal Modelling and evaluates the building internal environment variables, building bodies temperatures, building contaminants concentrations, thermal comfort, energy consumptions, among others. The study, with and without the greenhouse, evaluates the energy production and transport, the internal temperature and thermal comfort to which the occupants are exposed, in transient conditions, during all day. Without the greenhouse system, in spaces with south-facing windows, the thermal conditions are uncomfortable by positive PMV (Predicted Mean Votes) index values, while in spaces with north-facing windows the thermal conditions are uncomfortable due to positive values of the PMV index. Using the greenhouse and the ventilation strategies, all spaces during the occupation are thermal comfortable.
Study on Performance of Insulating Glass with Built-in Louvers in Buildings
Authors: Shi Aofeng , Yu Guoqing , Yu Jikang
Published: August 2022

This paper mainly studies the shading problem of shutters in typical rooms of buildings in winter. In order to further study the performance of the built-in louver insulating glass, the built-in louver insulating glass was simulated under the standard operating conditions and throughout the year through software such as THERM and Windows, and the key parameters such as total heat transfer coefficient, solar transmittance, and solar heat gain coefficient were obtained. The heat transfer coefficients of the built-in louver insulating glass when the louvers are placed at 0°, 45°, 90°, -45° and without louvers are 3 W/m2•K, 2.75 W/m2•K, 2.38 W/m2•, respectively. K, 2.55 W/m2•K and 2.66 W/m2•K. The solar transmittance of the built-in louver insulating glass at different angles of the louver is obtained. The maximum value is 0° and no louver, followed by the angles of 45° and -45°. Zero at 90°.
Research and Application of Evaporative Cooling Ventilation and Salty Moisture Corrosion Prevention Technology for Steam Turbine House
Authors: Huang Congxin , Wang Zhiyang
Published: August 2022

This paper focus on Pakistan Hub coal-fired 2×660MW power project which located in the coast areas with high temperature and high salty moisture. The category of corrosivity of atmosphere in Pakistan Hub is C5. The high salty moisture will increase the corrosion of indoor equipment and structures in turbine house, which threaten the safe and stable operation of power plant. Direct evaporative cooling (DEC) technology is used to cool the centralized supply air for the turbine building. To prevent the salty moisture air being supplied into turbine building causes corrosion for indoor equipment and structures, the desalting moisture filter has been developed and combined with the evaporating cooling unit, which realized the large-scale engineering application. The efficiency of desalting moisture filter reaches more than 93% tested in Tongji University and VTT in Finland, under the condition of the design outdoor temperature of 38.9 °C in Karachi, the supply air temperature is 24.4 °C, which ensures the operating environments of working area and meeting the occupational hygiene requirements and anti-salt spray corrosion requirements.
Behavioral Adaptation of Different Set Point Temperature Modes in Office Buildings with Split Air Conditioners
Authors: Shi Fangning , Yan Haiyan , Dong Mengru , Sun Zhen , Yuan Guodong , Cheng Cheng , Lu Dongyu , Xie Linxiao
Published: August 2022

It was divided into different modes according to the level of set point temperature (SPT): SPT ≥ 26 °C and SPT < 26 °C. To study behavioral adaptation of different set point temperature modes in office buildings with split air conditioners, a summer field survey was conducted in Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo, China. The results showed that the clothing insulation in high SPT mode was primarily affected by age, whereas the clothing insulation in low SPT mode was influenced by age and indoor temperature. The clothing insulation in high SPT mode was significantly lower than that in low SPT mode, and the air velocity and air movement sensation of subjects in H mode were significantly higher than those in L mode. 1 °C rise in Top could lead to 0.026 m/s increase in air velocity in high SPT mode, but the air velocity in low SPT mode had no relationship with indoor temperature. People’s behavioral adaptation enthusiasm in high SPT mode was greater than that in low SPT mode. The energy consumption can be saved by about 14.8% after considering the adjustment of people’s clothing.
Performance analysis of the different radiant floor cooling systems in the office building in Shandong province, China
Authors: Cui Mengying , Ren Jing , Su Meng , Liu Jiying
Published: August 2022

Radiant cooling systems have good application prospects. A variety of composite radiative cooling systems have been proposed to save energy, but few studies have focused on comparing the performance of different radiant floor cooling systems. This study compares the cooling performance operating conditions of a floor radiant system with direct ground cooling and conventional radiant cooling systems. In addition to the comfort conditions required by the standard, Jinan, Shandong also studied the low risk of condensation on the floor surface. At the same time, the energy consumption of different radiative cooling systems is compared and the potential of the system is analyzed. Preliminary results found a 26% reduction in energy consumption for system operation compared to conventional radiant cooling systems. Although the radiant floor system using the ground direct cooling system does not reduce energy consumption when the water tank is turned on for energy storage at night, the electricity cost is reduced due to the peak and valley electricity price at night. The research will provide architects and engineers with more efficient and energy-efficient technologies that reduce carbon emission.
Experimental study on the net outdoor airflow ratio in supply air of membrane-based energy recovery ventilator
Authors: Kong Lingjian , Qu Yunxia , Zhang Linhua , Liu Guangzhe
Published: August 2022

The total energy recovery ventilator for outdoor air handing plays an important role in reducing energy consumption of the ventilation system. At the same time, the cross infection between fresh air and return air is a direct threat to the safety of energy recovery components with the influence of COVID-19. Therefore, how to improve the total exchange effectiveness and net outdoor air flow ratio in supply air of the heat recovery system has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, the composite membrane was prepared by non-woven fabric, siloxaneamide and lithium chloride solution, which was used as the membrane for the heat and mass transfer between fresh air and return air. The variation of the selective permeability of the composite membrane was studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the highest permeance of the composite membrane for the water vapor permeability can reach until 32.5×10-8kg/m2·s·Pa. The net outdoor air flow ratio in supply air is 94% when the air volume is 550m3/h The heat exchange efficiency of the heat recovery device is 63.2% under the conditions of the dry and wet bulb temperatures of return air and outdoor air are 21.2°C/12.9°C and 2.3°C/1.2°C, respectively.
A review of piston effect and energy saving of subway environmental control system
Authors: Jin Jialu , Li Huixingi , Liu Xinyi , Feng Luoxin
Published: August 2022

The piston effect and piston wind generated by subway train operation are closely related to the energy consumption of subway environmental control system. With the rapid development of subway industry, under the premise of meeting the needs of passengers, using piston wind to reduce station energy consumption has become one of the focuses of current research. This paper collects and sorts out the domestic and foreign literature related to the piston effect. Firstly, the relevant information of piston effect and subway environmental control system is summarized and analyzed. Secondly, the utilization strategy of piston wind is emphasized in this paper. These strategies are mainly related to the design of ventilation shaft, the speed of train, the selection of platform door and the installation of door curtain. Reasonable use of these strategies can reduce energy consumption for the station. Finally, the utilization principle of piston wind was proposed in this review. When the piston wind meets the demand, the piston ventilation should be a priority choice, compared with mechanical ventilation. Evaluating whether the piston wind meets the needs of use, mainly through these parameters as the judgment basis, such as air volume, temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and particle concentration.
Field measurements and parametric studies for the thermal environment of underground tunnel entrance in cold climate zones
Authors: Yang Changqing , Luo Wenhao , Gao Ran , Zhang Sikai , Li Angui , Du Wuyi , Xie Xiaojie
Published: August 2022

In frozen regions, especially metro tunnel portal sections, which are vulnerable to an externally low-temperature atmosphere, would lead to frozen damage affecting traffic safety. To clarify how the air temperature field at tunnel portal sections varies with periodically changing atmospheric temperature, a site test was conducted on Metro Line 1 in Hohhot in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the basic heat transfer equation and principle of energy conservation were introduced to establish a basic theoretical model, which was compared with the results from other regions. By comparison with testing results in other regions, the theoretical model was essentially consistent with the variation rules of the tested temperature. Therefore, the research could theoretically direct the heat preservation and freeze prevention of key facilities and equipment in metro tunnel portal sections in frozen regions.
Study on smoke diffusion and ceiling temperature distribution in the V-shaped tunnel fire scenario
Authors: Ouyang Li , Tu Dengkai , Qiao Yaxin , Li Junmei , Li Yanfeng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to study the smoke diffusion characteristics in the V-shaped slope tunnel with different slopes. The smoke diffusion characteristics and the ceiling temperature distribution with three kinds of heat release rates (HRR) and three kinds of slopes are considered without mechanical ventilation. The simulation results show that the smoke diffusion symmetrically on both sides of the symmetrical V-shaped tunnel. The smoke diffusion speed is mainly affected by the HRR, while it is less affected by the slope. The smoke diffusion speed increases with the increase of HRR. The maximum ceiling temperature increases with the increase of HRR and decreases with the increase of slope. The HRR is constant, the ceiling temperature decreases with the increase of the slope within 150 m away from fire source. Beyond 150 m from fire source, the ceiling temperature distribution are in opposite tendency and the overall temperature has a little difference between both sides of V-shaped tunnel.
Effects of vertical and horizontal heating panel on heat loss from human legs
Authors: Feng Shuang , Yu Guoqing
Published: August 2022

In China’s hot summer and cold winter zone, there are cold and humid in winter. If there is no heating measure, the human body will feel less comfortable in the cold environment. The traditional HVAC system consumes a lot of energy, and it is difficult to meet the thermal comfort needs of everyone. By creating a local thermal environment around the human body, the personalized heating system can significantly improve the thermal comfort level of the human body with lower energy consumption. In this paper, it is mainly analyzing the heating effect of the heating panel on the legs of the human body by theoretically analyzing the indoor temperature of 12 °C in the hot summer and cold winter zone. For the following two working conditions: the heating panel is placed vertically on the side of the human leg and the heating panel is placed horizontally under the feet. It is calculated that when the human body feels comfortable, the heat loss is about 45 W/m2∼50 W/m2. The conclusions are as follows: (1) When the heating panel is placed vertically on the side of the human leg, the thermal comfort needs are only met when the heating panel temperature is 70 °C and the distance between the heating panel and the leg is 5 cm or 10 cm. (2) When the heating panel is placed horizontally under the feet and the temperature of the heating panel is 70 °C, the local heat loss of the human body is less than 45W/m2, and the human body feels slightly warmer.
Indoor air temperature and humidity variation of a greenhouse base on field test: A case study in Shandong
Authors: Deng Lianhua , Niu Shaofeng , Li Angui , Fan Xianglin , Li Minqiang , Li Anjing
Published: August 2022

The indoor thermal and humid environment of the solar greenhouse, especially the air humidity, is studied by the field test and psychrometric chart. First, the air temperature and relative humidity, and solar radiation in the greenhouse were tested by field tests. According to the test results, Solar radiation has a great influence on the air temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse. The air temperature and relative humidity in a greenhouse vary dramatically in the presence of solar radiation. At night, although the indoor air temperature meets the requirements of crop growth, indoor relative humidity is close to 90%, far higher than the suitable relative humidity area (60-65%). Then, the night air condition was analyzed based on the psychrometric chart. Indoor air does not need to be dehumidified, but could be heated to the greenhouse to reduce the relative humidity. Finally, the variation of indoor air humidity ratio was analyzed. Solar radiation and natural ventilation are important factors affecting the variation of the humidity ratio of indoor air in the solar greenhouse. During the test period, solar radiation increases the humidity ratio of indoor air, and natural ventilation reduces the humidity ratio of indoor air in the solar greenhouse.
Study on measurement and design strategy of residential room natural ventilation in calm wind climate zone -- a case study of household in chengdu
Authors: Gao Qinglong , Li Yueyang , Jiang Bin , Ouyang Jinlong
Published: August 2022

It is found via the analysis of the meteorological data in Chengdu that the number of annual average calm wind days is more than 240. In the non-calm wind time, the dominant wind direction is not obvious, while the annual average wind speed is about 1.0 m/s. In consequence, problems arise as to indoor ventilation in residential buildings without mechanical ventilation in this climate zone and the way how local residential wind has adapted and improved natural ventilation for a long time. In this paper, the state of indoor ventilation in this zone is studied by measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the house for a long time. And the long-term adaptive improvement strategy of local residents to the ventilation of residential buildings in calm climate zone is investigated. So are strategies and experiences of local residents in improving natural ventilation in residential buildings.
Analysis of convective heat transfer coefficient using shear stress-based velocity scale
Authors: Yamamoto T.
Published: August 2022

When modeling the thermal performance of a building, it is very important to consider the heat transport from the wall of the building to the interior environment. In energy simulations (ES), the convective heat transfer coefficient (hc) determines this heat transfer. Therefore, hc is a significant factor in the calculation of room temperature. In the field of architecture, hc utilizes the temperature of the turbulent zone as a reference temperature. However, the definition of this reference temperature is ambiguous. The preferred definition of the reference temperature is y+, and this is based on Prandtl's wall law. The reference temperature has a large impact on the calculation of hc, but it is difficult to evaluate the convective component. Nevertheless, it is possible to extract the velocity component near the wall using a shear stress-based velocity scale, but previous studies have not clarified how the latter and the reference temperature contribute to hc. Until now, the method used to calculate hc has been based on a combination of experimental and analytical methods, such as the use of inflow air temperature as the reference temperature in wind tunnel experiments. In this study, we analyze the method used for calculating heat flow and introduce a new method for calculating hc. In an actual environment, the turbulent flow field is expected to be strongly affected by the nearby flow velocity and reference temperature. To model such a turbulent flow field, we conducted a basic study in which a unidirectional flow was blown across a floor mat. Specifically, the influences of the shear stress-based velocity scale and the reference temperature were investigated by varying the inflow velocity temperature from 10 °C to 40 °C. The analysis first showed that hc and the shear stress-based velocity scale were highly correlated (R2 = 0.8073). However, an analysis of the outliers revealed a significant contribution from the reference temperature.

In conclusion, the value of hc cannot be determined solely by the shear stress-based velocity scale, even in cases involving forced convection. Our findings provide very important information for ES settings in the field of architecture and will significantly contribute to the field of thermal environment simulation.
Transmission and infection risk of various pathogen-laden expiratory droplets in a coach bus with COVID-19
Authors: Luo Qiqi , Ou Cuiyun , Hang Jian , Yang Hongyu , Yang Xia
Published: August 2022

The study about droplet transmission in crowded, poorly ventilated buses and the resulting infection risk(IR) remains rare. Based on a COVID-19 outbreak which the index patient located at bus rear, we performed CFD simulations to study the effect of initial droplet diameters and hourly ventilation rate(ACH) on droplet transmission and IR. The outdoor pressure differential creates the natural ventilation enters from theskylight at bus rear and exits from the front one. With increased ACH, the IR of tracer gas reduced quickly, from 11.1-15.3% under 0.62ACH to 1.3-3.1% under 5.66ACH. Furthermore, the IR of 100μm/50μm droplets was almost independent of ACH as most droplets were deposited due to gravity. Furthermore, 5μm droplets are more widely dispersed than larger droplets, and can spread further with increasing ACH with a low IR(≤0.4%). Unlike general rooms, most droplets are deposited on the route passing through the long-distance bus space(~9.46m). But the tracer gas will not deposit, so the tracer gas can only be used to simulate the fine droplet dispersion process in the long-distance bus. Our research results provide a reference for future research on droplet transmission in the bus environment, and also provide a guidance for epidemic prevention.