bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide fate on catchment scale: conceptual modelling of stream CSIA data
Authors: Lutz Stefanie R. , Velde Ype van der , Elsayed Omniea F. , Imfeld Gwenaël , Lefrancq Marie , Payraudeau Sylvain , van Breukelen Boris M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has proven beneficial in the characterization of contaminant degradation in groundwater, but it has never been used to assess pesticide transformation on catchment scale. This study presents concentration and carbon CSIA data of the herbicides S-metolachlor and acetochlor from three locations (plot, drain, and catchment outlets) in a 47 ha agricultural catchment (Bas-Rhin, France). Herbicide concentrations at the catchment outlet were highest (62 µg L−1) in response to an intense rainfall event following herbicide application. Increasing δ13C values of S-metolachlor and acetochlor by more than 2 ‰ during the study period indicated herbicide degradation. To assist the interpretation of these data, discharge, concentrations, and δ13C values of S-metolachlor were modelled with a conceptual mathematical model using the transport formulation by travel-time distributions. Testing of different model setups supported the assumption that degradation half-lives (DT50) increase with increasing soil depth, which can be straightforwardly implemented in conceptual models using travel-time distributions. Moreover, model calibration yielded an estimate of a field-integrated isotopic enrichment factor as opposed to laboratory-based assessments of enrichment factors in closed systems. Thirdly, the Rayleigh equation commonly applied in groundwater studies was tested by our model for its potential to quantify degradation on catchment scale. It provided conservative estimates on the extent of degradation as occurred in stream samples. However, largely exceeding the simulated degradation within the entire catchment, these estimates were not representative of overall degradation on catchment scale. The conceptual modelling approach thus enabled us to upscale sample-based CSIA information on degradation to the catchment scale. Overall, this study demonstrates the benefit of combining monitoring and conceptual modelling of concentration and CSIA data and advocates the use of travel-time distributions for assessing pesticide fate and transport on catchment scale.
Flash-flood forecasting in two Spanish Mediterranean catchments: a comparison of distinct hydrometeorological ensemble prediction strategies
Authors: Vincendon Béatrice , Amengual Arnau
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Systems (HEPSs) are becoming more and more popular methods to deal with the meteorological and hydrological uncertainties that affect discharge forecasts. These uncertainties are particularly difficult to handle when dealing with Mediterranean flash-flood forecasting as many hydrological and meteorological factors take place and precipitation comes from small scale convective systems. In this work, the performances of distinct HEPS are compared for two heavy precipitation events that affected two different semi-arid Spanish Mediterranean catchments: the cases of the 03 November 2011 on the Llobregat River in Catalonia, and the 28 September 2012 on the Guadalentín River near in Murcia. The latter case corresponds to the eighth Intense Observing Period (IOP8) of HYMEX field campaign. The uncertainty on quantitative precipitation forecasting is sampled by using two different convection-permitting meteorological ensemble generation strategies. The first EPS strategy consists in dynamically downscaling the ECMWF-EPS directly by means of the WRF model, whereas the second is based on the AROME-WMED model. Its deterministic QPFs are perturbed based on a previous rainfall forecast error climatology and by using the probability density functions of the errors, in term of total amounts and location of the heaviest rainfalls. The population of both ensembles is of 50 members, which are used to drive the semi-distributed and conceptual HEC-HMS and the fully distributed and physically-based ISBA-TOP hydrological models. For each HEPS, the performance is assessed in term of the quantitative discharge forecasts. The results point out the benefits of using (i) a hydrological model when evaluating highly-variable and convective-driven precipitation fields and (ii) an EPS to better encompass these uncertainties arising from the different elements of the HEPS. Issues about the optimal number of ensemble members and impact of the ensemble forecasting lead time are addressed for optimal flash-flood forecasting purposes as well.
Reflecting Cultural Ecotourism in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Hengky S. H.
Published: October 2017

The development of cultural ecotourism became the mainstay of Head of Culture and Tourism of Banyuwangi Regency (HCTBR). The district had awarded by the UNWTO. It considered successful in driving tourism. This regency runs four key tourism strategies. One of the four strategies offers adventure and experience different cultural tours and sightseeing activities. This mixed qualitative and quantitative mixed mode study found many cultural potentials that have not yet been empowered. This indicates that HCTBR is not optimal in managing the cultural potential. The results of observations illustrate that the handling of cultural ecotourism has not been in line with the expectations of tourists. Interpretation becomes the most important issue in developing the potential for art and culture ecotourism. In addition, the potential for culinary ecotourism had developed to support the regional economy that creates sustainable livelihoods.
Por los caminos de la bioética en América Latina
Authors: Peralta Cornielle Andrés
Published: October 2017

No abstracts available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 119, 2009: 13-17
Ética y neurociencias. Una relación necesitada de clarificaciones
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos
Published: October 2017

If during 20th century genetics turned into the “starscience” par excellence, it is not a risk to state that, in the current century, neurosciences have the pretension to turn into the sciences of the future, aimed to decipher the most important continent to explore: The human brain. This paper analyses the relations between neurosciences and ethics. It is very transcendental issue, given the importance of ethics for human being but also given its epistemological and ideological consequences.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 119, 2009: 37-75
La ética y el desarrollo de la nanotecnología
Authors: Lacey Hugh , Alvarenga Luis
Published: October 2017

Those who support technological improvements without any restriction have become enthusiastic with the development of nanotechnology. Such partisans of an unrestricted science take the legitimacy of technological improvements for granted. The following paper debates the ethical implications of nanotechnology and the need for a precaution principle toward any imposition of these new technologies, which are often involved with commercial interests.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 119, 2009: 77-90
Influencias del control empresarial en el mercado laboral y el desarrollo en El Salvador
Authors: Duke Karen
Published: October 2017

The Salvadorian labor market situation has been developed with higher real levels of unemployment, under-employment reaching more than forty percent of all economically active population, a growing informal sector, a weakening in the labor laws, and an inexistent culture of negotiation and collective association. This necessarily leads to find the causes of these manifestations in the labor market, specifically the impact it may exert certain forces on the labor market and the agency of workers; more over, be able to know which may be some explanations of this behavior, that is what this paper is seeking: addressing the issue of workers, through an analysis, facing situations of workers in the middle of structures, rules, laws, institutions, not forgetting that a worker is to first of all human beings.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 120, 2009: 293-319
José Martí en nuestra actualidad. En el 156 aniversario de su nacimiento
Authors: Melgar Brizuela Francisco
Published: October 2017

The author reviews the most important aspects of the ideas of the Cuban poet José Martí: his vision of nature and education, his conception of history and the perspectives for Latin America.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 120, 2009: 431-436
La apertura subjetiva como el fundamento de la utopía y la esperanza
Authors: Monterrosa Luis Gerardo
Published: October 2017

The German philosopher Ernst Bloch takes into account the objective conditions to state that both hope and utopia require the participation of the subject. While recognising the links of human activity with material conditions, the philosophical category of possibility, which is a key category in Blochian thought, provides a more fructiferous interpretation of the Principle of Hope.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 121, 2009: 589-601
“Every kid is where they’re supposed to be, and it’s a miracle”: Family Formation Stories among Adoptive Families
Authors: Sawin Patricia
Published: October 2017

The process of adopting a child can be protracted and difficult. Members of families formed through adoption, especially international or transracial adoption, often find that others treat their family as not fully real or legitimate. I analyze stories told by five adoptive mothers about the remarkable circumstances through which their children joined their families and their attendant sense that larger-than-human forces must have played a role. Critics of international adoption object that such stories depict birth parents as expendable and mask political and economic inequality. I argue that such an interpretation results when the stories are overgeneralized and stretched beyond their meaning-making capacity. When told within and among adoptive families, they valuably stabilize mothers’ identities and assure children that they belong.
Vicia narbonensis-Avena strigosa mixture, a viable alternative in rainfed cropping systems under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Pedraza Verónica , Perea Francisco , Saavedra Milagros , Fuentes Mariano , Alcántara Cristina
Published: October 2017

The demand of vegetable protein for animal feed and the need to diversify the crop rotation in rainfed Mediterranean climates has led to study the viability as new forage crop of the Vicia narbonensis-Avena strigosa mixture. Therefore, a 3-year field trial was conducted at two different and representative locations of the area to evaluate the capacity of both species to form a balanced mixture and to define its potential for high yield and forage quality. Different seeding ratios (65:35, 50:50 and 35:65) were compared with their pure stands and the standard mixture Avena sativa-Vicia sativa (65:35). Forage mixtures establishment and growth varied according to the environmental conditions with a negative influence of a dry year 1 for legumes (<300 mm) and a wet year 2 for oats (>630 mm). However, competition ratio indicated that there were not significant differences between mixed treatments, displaying intermediate ground coverage values, dry matter yield and crude protein regarding pure stands. Higher dry matter yield than control mixture in addition to similar crude protein, acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and digestible dry matter values, were produced at 35:65 in dry years and 65:35 and 50:50 in rainy years with loamy and clay soils, respectively. The appropriate development of both species in the mixture at different soil and rainfall conditions, as well as a good yield often higher than control mixture and a great forage quality, confirm to the narbon bean-black oat mixture as a viable and profitable crop alternative in rainfed cropping systems under Mediterranean conditions.
Performance, carcass and ruminal fermentation characteristics of heifers fed concentrates differing in energy level and cereal type (corn vs. wheat)
Authors: Carrasco Coral , Carro María D. , Fuentetaja Alfonso , Medel Pedro
Published: October 2017

A total of 144 beef heifers (218 ± 26.4 kg body weight) were housed in 24 pens (6 animals each) and used in a 168-day feedlot study to evaluate the influence of cereal type and energy level on performance, carcass quality and ruminal fermentation. Four concentrates were formulated according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two energy levels (1,452 vs. 1,700 kcal net energy/kg) and two main cereals (wheat vs. corn). Concentrate and straw were offered ad libitum. Concentrate intake and body weight were recorded on days 42, 84, 126 and 168. Ruminal fluid was obtained by ruminocentesis from 3 heifers per pen on days 1, 84 and 168; and carcass weight, classification and yield, were determined in the same animals. Heifers fed high-energy diets had lower intake (6.97 vs. 7.29 kg fresh matter/d; p=0.011), and lower concentrate to gain ratio (5.15 vs. 5.66 kg/kg; p=0.002) than those fed low energy concentrates, and tended (p=0.069) to be heavier along the time. Neither carcass yield and classification, nor ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids nor NH3-N concentrations were affected (p>0.050) by energy level. Total volatile fatty acids concentration tended (p=0.070) to be greater in heifers fed corn-based than wheat-based concentrates. No energy level x cereal type interactions were observed. These results indicate that high energy concentrates decreased feed intake and feed conversion but had minor effects on carcass performance. Cereal type had no effects on performance and ruminal fermentation and no interactions between cereal type and energy were detected.
Valuation of agrifood SMEs. Lessons to be learnt from the stock market
Authors: Vidal Raül , Ribal Javier
Published: October 2017

The European agrifood industry is mostly characterized by small and medium enterprises (SMEs); as in 2013, SMEs represented 99.13% of the total number of companies. The valuation of SMEs not listed in any stock market is a complex task since there is not enough information on comparable transactions. When applying discounted cash flow (DCF) models to value private agrifood companies, the capital structure and the cost of equity are two key parameters to be determined. The implications of these parameters in the value of the enterprise are not clear inasmuch as it is not possible to carry out a contrast due, precisely, to the lack of comparables. The main goal of this study is to determine the biases that those two parameters can introduce into the valuation process of an agrifood company. We have used the stock market as a framework wherein to apply a simple fundamental model to the companies of the European food industry in order to obtain three valuation multiples. By means of two bootstrap approaches, the bias induced in the multiples has been assessed for every year from 2002-2013. Results show that the use of the return on equity as cost of equity tends to undervaluation; the use of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) tends to a slight overvaluation, whereas using the total beta induces an undervaluation bias. Moreover, the capital structure shows little influence on the valuation multiples. The conclusions drawn from this paper can be useful for managers and shareholders of privately-held agrifood companies.
To Leave Your Kindred and Your Father’s House. Contemporary Dutch Christian Border Narratives
Authors: Moenandar Sjoerd-Jeroen , Huisman Krina
Published: October 2017

In this article the authors analyse a collection of essays written by young Dutch people who grew up in the Reformed Liberated Church, a small Christian denomination in the Netherlands. Traditionally, this church is characterised by its inwards nature: members strive to live their lives within the confinements that the church and its institutions stipulate. This has changed over the last few decades and the essays attest to the effects these changes have had on individual lives. We discuss the underlying narrative structure of their accounts and how the authors negotiate different lifestyles and interpretations of the Christian faith on either side of the borders that demarcate the Reformed Liberated tradition. We discuss if – and how – the essays work towards an outcome of ‘discordant concordance’ (Ricœur) where narrative identities remain whole, despite relatively drastic border crossings in the course of the lives that formed them. We address how these stories give insight into how people use the stories they tell to define what needs to be remembered and forgotten when we cross borders. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these essays and our analysis of them for our understanding of today’s globalised and multicultural societies in which many are in a permanent state of transition. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on February 17th and published on August 28th 2017.
Training and Performance: A Sign from Saudi Service Organizations
Authors: Almohaimmeed Bader M. A.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of training on organizational performance. Training techniques were categorized into two types: behavioural training techniques (on-the-job training) and cognitive training techniques (off-the-job training). Three behavioural techniques were selected – monitoring, coaching, and job rotation – and three cognitive techniques – role playing, lectures, and computer-based training. Training as an independent construct was measured based on these behavioural and cognitive techniques. On the other hand, organizational performance was measured based on subjective items related to the operational dimensions of organizations’ performance. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from a sample consisting of 600 employees working at service organizations in Saudi Arabia. Of the questionnaires distributed to the sample, 478 were returned complete and valid for the analysis process. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyse the collected data. The findings of the study confirmed that both behavioural techniques of training were significantly and positively related to organizational performance. In fact, the results identified job rotation as a main practice of on-the-job training techniques that lead to improved organizational performance. There is a statistically significant influence of other dimensions, such as coaching, monitoring, role playing, lectures, and computer-based training, on organizational performance. Despite the positive and direct impact of on-the-job training and off-the-job training on the dependent variable, organizational performance, on-the-job training has a larger impact on this construct. The results are presented and discussed, and recommendations, limitations, and future research directions are provided.
Creation of Hybrid Photoactive Inorganic/Organic Interface Assemblies of Cadmium Oxide mixtures (CdO2/CdO)/Poly-2,2-Bithiophene; Optical and Photoelectrochemical Investigations
Authors: Kasem Kasem K. , Worley Henry , Lovins Ashley
Published: October 2017

Nanoparticles of cadmium peroxide (CdO2) were immobilized in poly 2,2 bithiophene (PBTh) to build photoactive inorganic/organic interfaces (I/O/I). Studies indicated that the CdO2 initially immobilized in the organic polymer partially decomposed to a low band gap CdO. Therefore we refer to this mixture as CdO2/CdO. The CdO2/CdO/PBTh assemblies were subjected to optical and photoelectrochemical investigations in aqueous electrolytes containing acetate, nitrate, or phosphate. The equilibrium mixture of CdO2/CdO influenced the optical conductivity and dielectric contents of the assemblies. Furthermore, O2 played an important role in the charge separation and transfer processes. The effects of an applied magnetic field were investigated and reported. The results were explained on the basis of formation of hybrid sub-bands due to band alignments between the assembly components. The photo-induced charge generation of PBTh was improved by occlusion of CdO2 in the polymer as was evident by the greater photocurrent generated by CdO2/CdO/PBTh than that generated by PBTh.
Portais institucionais na web: análise de anúncios publicitários no ecossistema midiático
Authors: Ghisleni Taís Steffenello , Barichello Eugenia Mariano da Rocha
Published: October 2017

A tese analisa as mudanças dos anúncios publicitários em sites institucionais no cenário da nova ecologia midiática. A cartografia é utilizada como estratégia metodológica, pois permite acompanhar os movimentos de transformação da paisagem confirmando que a publicidade está construindo o seu espaço na ambiência digital, o espaço dedicado aos anúncios aumentou e isso revela uma adesão maior dos anunciantes à publicidade veiculada na web.Portales web institucionales: análisis de publicidad en el ecosistema de mediosResumen: La tesis analiza los cambios de comerciales en sitios institucionales en el escenario de la ecología de los nuevos medios. La cartografía se utiliza como estrategia metodológica, ya que permite seguir los movimientos de transformación del paisaje confirmando que la publicidad está construyendo su espacio en el entorno digital, el espacio dedicado a los anuncios ha aumentado y esto revela una mayor adhesión de los anunciantes al anuncio publicado en la web.Palabras Clave: Estrategias Comunicativas, Publicidad Digital, Ecología de los Medios, Cartografía en Comunicación, comerciales.Institucional web portals: analysis of advertisements in the media ecosystemAbstract: The thesis analyzes the changes of commercials in institutional sites in the scenario of the new media ecology. Cartography is used as a methodological strategy, because it allows to follow the movements of transformation of the landscape confirming that advertising is building its space in the digital environment, the space dedicated to the ads has increased and this reveals a greater adhesion of the advertisers to the advertisement served on the web.Keywords: Communicative Strategies, Digital Advertising, Media Ecology, Cartography in Communication, commercials.
Editorial
Authors: Lisboa Filho Flavi Ferreira
Published: October 2017

Editorial
Design of Sensor Data Flow for Ship Information System
Authors: Xing Bowen , Liu Sheng , Chen Xiao , Zhi Pengfei
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the design principles of sensor data flow in ship information system (SIS) structure are researched. In order to save communication resources to achieve the practicable maximum without sacrificing the expected performance of system, an observability analysis-based setting method is proposed to shorten the length of each sensor data flow. In addition, according to the determined data flow length, a scheduling algorithm is presented to set the content of data flow as well. This scheduling algorithm is based on a double-index evaluation method, which includes the variation of sensor data during assigned steps, meanwhile the deviation between estimated value and real value of observation is considered as well. Besides these, algorithm and hardware realization examples are provided at the end of this paper.

1. Introduction

The past three decades have witnessed the rapid spreading of a ship information system (SIS) architecture in which sensors and actuators exchange information with a Command Control Interface (CCI) through a communication network. Based on such wide-scale networks, ship control/monitoring systems (such as Integrated Bridge System, Standard Machinery Control System) are able to be linked together. These technological advances make it possible to create a highly integrated real-time control architecture in a modern ship (Geer 2009). As a result, several SISs have been widely applied in different types of ships, e.g., RICE (Lister and Rosie 1995), Ship System 2000 (Källberg and Stråhle 2001), GEDMS (Meier and Manfredi 2006), FORCEnet (Waters et al. 2005), and Total Ship Computing Environment (Henry et al. 2009).

For most designers, the SIS is more like a special application case of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, the theory research of SIS is scattered and immethodical. However, there also exist several differences in normal SCADA system and SIS. For example, the connection principle between distributed controller units (DCUs) and remote terminal units in SIS is mere proximity instead of task relation, which has reduced the difficulty of planning and laying networks greatly, but increases the complexity of every control processes in SIS, most missions in SIS are designed to be completed by several DCUs cooperatively. Such structure has been summarized briefly by Liu et al. (2014a). Mostly, a SIS could be regarded as a wide-scale sensor/actuator network under a highly integrated structure in the ship environment, which increases the importance of sensor information obtaining ability. In recent years, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed a multisensory real-time detection system for situational awareness named "Volume Sensor" (Minor et al. 2007). This designed framework can serve as a template for a variety of real-time sensing and situational awareness applications.
On the Interfoil Spacing and Phase Lag of Tandem Flapping Foil Propulsors
Authors: Epps Brenden P. , Muscutt Luke E. , Roesler Bernard T. , Weymouth Gabriel D. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram
Published: October 2017

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical basis upon which to advance and deploy novel tandem flapping foil systems for efficient marine propulsion. We put forth three key insights into tandem flapping foil hydrodynamics related to their choreography, propulsive efficiency, and unsteady loading. In particular, we propose that the performance of the aft foil depends on a new nondimensional number, s/Uτ, which is the interfoil separation s normalized by the distance that the freestream U advects in one flapping period, τ. Additionally, we show how unsteady loading can be mitigated through choice of phase lag.

1. Introduction

Marine propulsion has been an important engineering problem since the time of Archimedes (287–212 BC) (Carlton 1994). The evolution of propulsor design from the classic Archimedes screw to the modern screw propeller has primarily been driven by considerations of efficiency. A hydrodynamically efficient propulsor has low friction losses, low turbulent losses, an ability to manipulate incident vorticity, and a stable and persistent jet-type wake. it is composed of lifting surfaces with high aspect ratio and large lift-to-drag ratio. Although screw propellers offer advantages with regard to mechanical simplicity (just need to turn the shaft!), they have practical limitations that place upper bounds on the overall hydrodynamic efficiency, such as the limitations of aspect ratio due to cavitation at high tip speeds.

Research with isolated flapping foils has demonstrated up to 87% propulsive efficiency (Anderson et al. 1998), nearly achieving the ideal efficiency of an actuator disk. However, single-foil propulsion is not practical due to shortcomings, such as large oscillations in thrust, large unsteady side forces, and no mechanical redundancy. Many other nontraditional propulsors also suffer these flaws or are simply inefficient. Biomimetic concept designs and trade-offs have recently been reviewed by Fish (2013).

One promising nontraditional propulsor concept involves in-line tandem flapping foils (two hydrofoils, one aft of the other). Recent research indicates that the high efficiency of a single flapping foil may be possible with a tandem foil arrangement (Akhtar et al. 2007; Boschitsch et al. 2014). Tandem flapping foils may also solve the operational problems associated with a single foil, such as inconsistent thrust and side force.
Procedure Qualification of TC4ELI Titanium Alloy with Horizontal Electron Beam Welding for Submersible Hull
Authors: Fu Peng-fei , Mao Zhi-yong , Wang Xi-chang , Tang Zhen-yun , Zuo Cong-jin , Li Kai
Published: October 2017

The horizontal electron beam welding (EBW) was used on TC4ELI alloy with 60 mm thickness, and the welding procedures and the properties of the joints involved in the manufacturing of the submersible hull were investigated. The weld had α′ martensite microstructure, which was uniform along the welding penetration, and the microhardness of the weld was 322–356 HV0.2. The tensile strength of the joint was 915 MPa, equivalent to that of the base metals, and the percentage elongation after fracture was more than 12%. The impact absorption energies of both the weld and heat-affected zone specimens were above 30 J, and the bending angle of the joint reached 180°. The effects of the microstructure and macromorphology on the mechanical properties of the joints are discussed. The properties proved the reliability of EBW for the manned submersible hull, which would contribute to developing the manned submersibles.

1. Introduction

The manned submersible is a deep-sea detector, and the hull of the manned submersible is one of the significant parts that needed the excellent performance to protect the engineers and apparatus. Welding is essential for manufacturing the manned submersible hull. The GTA welding procedure of 10Ni–8Co steel was studied for the manned submersible hulls, and the effects of the procedure on the joints properties were investigated (Takeda et al. 1981). The welding procedure, electron beam welding (EBW), was also applied on 10Ni–8Co steel and Ti6Al4V ELI alloy for the hull of the submersible SHINKAI 2000 in Japan, which can operate up to a depth of 2000 m (Endo et al. 1981a, 1981b, 1985). The collapse behavior of the hull was studied by using three models (Yokota et al. 1985). The fabrication procedures using EBW were studied on the material tested for the hull of SHINKAI 6500 (Takagawa et al. 1990). EBW was suitable to manufacture the hulls of the manned submersibles with several inches thick titanium alloys or high-strength steels, owing to many advantages (Zhao & Liu 2014; Tsai & Wang 2014; Huang et al. 2012; Sabol et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2014; Kaur et al. 2015; Brown et al. 2011; Fu, et al. 2014a, 2014b). But in these studies, the procedures of EBW were not explicitly investigated, and the microstructure and the properties of the joints along the welding penetration were also not discussed. The TC4ELI alloy (Ti6Al4V ELI) was also used to make the hulls of the manned submersible in China. Herein, the procedure and properties of EBW using horizontal gun were studied, and the feasibility of manufacturing the hull by EBW was evaluated.
Resistance and Trim Modeling of a Systematic Planing Hull Series 62 (with 12.5°, 25°, and 30° Deadrise Angles) Using Artificial Neural Networks, Part 2: Mathematical Models
Authors: Radojcic Dejan V. , Kalajdzic Milan D. , Zgradic Antonio B. , Simic Aleksandar P.
Published: October 2017

Recent advances in high-speed computing, combined with the emergence of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques for the analysis of large data sets, has enabled researchers to provide the design community with higher-resolution mathematical models (MMs) for existing test data. Presently, one of the most popular planing hull prediction methods for resistance and trim are based on regressions of the Series 62 database. New MMs developed here address two major shortcomings of the original approaches; first, the equations are now continuous functions of volumetric Froude number (rather than separate regressions for each speed), and second, MM for trim is much more accurate, enabling designers to identify the double hump in trim that is associated with dynamic instabilities at higher speeds. This work describes the derivation of MMs for calm water resistance and running trim angle corresponding to volume Froude numbers of 1.0–4.0, and includes not only the original David Taylor Model Basin Series 62 data for 12.5° deadrise, but also the later extensions made by Delft University of Technology, including 25° and 30° deadrise. Part 1 of this research, published separately, explains the streamlining of the foundational database—how outliers are identified, and methods to provide a database from which stable MM can be developed. The present article, Part 2, deals with the derivation of the actual mathematical model. Two ANN techniques were used, with single output, which has been applied to similar problems in the past, and with multiple output, which is a new approach to the problem. The results of the two different methods, both developing satisfactory models, are discussed and compared.

1. Introduction

The primary objective of this article is to derive mathematical models (MMs) for calculation of calm water resistance and dynamic trim angle (τ) within the speed range corresponding to volume Froude numbers (Fn∇) = 1.0–4.0 for the systematic hard chine, planing hull Series 62. Part 1, published separately, explains the methodology for establishing a database suitable for modeling, whereas this part deals with the derivation of adequate MMs. Namely, Series 62 originally consisted of five models of 12.5° deadrise tested at the David Taylor Model Basin. Later, models of 25° and 30° deadrise were tested by Delft University of Technology (DUT) - see Keuning and Geritsma (1982) and Keuning et al. (1993). The accumulation of test data developed over a 30-year period by multiple research institutions provided a considerable challenge to organize and form a database from.
Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUEs): Developing Response Best Practices to Improve Marine Environmental Response Preparedness
Authors: Klarmann Christopher , Rossetti LCDR Johna
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT ID: 2017-101 – GIUEs: Developing Best Practices to Improve Marine Environmental Response Preparedness

The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is authorized by the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) of 1990 to conduct Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUE), a cornerstone of the oil spill exercise cycle. These exercises are instrumental for USCG Captains of the Port (COTP) to evaluate industry preparedness for oil spill response by specifically testing a facility or vessel on notification procedures, response time, and deployment of facility-owned or Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) equipment. Facility Response Plan holders and Vessel Response Plan holders are subject to these exercises under federal regulations 33 C.F.R. § 154 and § 155.

In 2013, the USCG restructured their GIUE policy to provide better guidance for employees. This updated policy detailed how to properly plan and conduct a GIUE as well as established expectations following both satisfactory and unsatisfactory exercises. In this paper we will examine the changes that the USCG has made regarding its policy on planning and conducting GIUEs, describe how USCG field units are implementing the new policy, including how unsatisfactory GIUEs are addressed, and examine what commonalities, are being seen in GIUE unsatisfactory results. Finally, we will discuss how plan holders, OSROs, and regulatory agencies can work together to better prepare for responding to an environmental emergency when it occurs.
Prediction of Postoperative Early Recurrence and Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Kurahara Hiroshi , Maemura Kosei , Mataki Yuko , Sakoda Masahiko , Iino Satoshi , Kawasaki Yota , Arigami Takaaki , Mori Shinichiro , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: October 2017

Background:

Stratification of pancreatic cancer patients based on early recurrence and prognosis is essential for selecting optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels can be better used to predict early recurrence and prognosis.

Methods:

Patients whose CA 19-9 levels obtained in association with total bilirubin >2.0 mg/dL and whose CA 19-9 levels <5.0 U/mL were excluded to avoid the influence of obstructive jaundice and Lewis phenotype Lea−b−, respectively. A total of 125 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled.

Results:

Larger tumor size, higher serum CA 19-9 level, higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level, more advanced T status, and lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with recurrence within 1 year after surgery (early recurrence). The rate of early recurrence in patients with CA 19-9 levels >100 U/mL (76.9%) was significantly higher than that of patients with CA 19-9 levels ≤100 U/mL (27.9%). We performed combination analysis of 2 additional risk factors, CRP level (cutoff: 1.0 mg/dL) and tumor size (cutoff: 3.0 cm), with serum CA 19-9 level (cutoff: 100 U/mL). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their number of risk factors. Rates of early recurrence in patients with 0, 1, and 2 or 3 risk factors were 22.0%, 45.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. Moreover, overall survival was significantly different in each group.

Conclusion:

Serum CA 19-9 level, in addition to CRP level and tumor size, improve patient stratification in early recurrence as well as prognosis.
Pilot Study on Potential Impacts of Fisheries‐Induced Changes in Zooplankton Mortality on Marine Biogeochemistry
Authors: Getzlaff Julia , Oschlies Andreas
Published: October 2017

In this pilot study we link the yield of industrial fisheries to changes in the zooplankton mortality in an idealized way accounting for different target species (planktivorous fish—decreased zooplankton mortality; large predators—increased zooplankton mortality). This indirect approach is used in a global coupled biogeochemistry circulation model to estimate the range of the potential impact of industrial fisheries on marine biogeochemistry. The simulated globally integrated response on phytoplankton and primary production is in line with expectations—a high (low) zooplankton mortality results in a decrease (increase) of zooplankton and an increase (decrease) of phytoplankton. In contrast, the local response of zooplankton and phytoplankton depends on the region under consideration: In nutrient‐limited regions, an increase (decrease) in zooplankton mortality leads to a decrease (increase) in both zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass. In contrast, in nutrient‐replete regions, such as upwelling regions, we find an opposing response: an increase (decrease) of the zooplankton mortality leads to an increase (decrease) in both zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass. The results are further evaluated by relating the potential fisheries‐induced changes in zooplankton mortality to those driven by CO2 emissions in a business‐as‐usual 21st century emission scenario. In our idealized case, the potential fisheries‐induced impact can be of similar size as warming‐induced changes in marine biogeochemistry.
The poleward shift of storm tracks under global warming: A Lagrangian perspective
Authors: Tamarin T. , Kaspi Y.
Published: October 2017

Comprehensive models of climate change projections have shown that the latitudinal band of extratropical storms will likely shift poleward under global warming. Here we study this poleward shift from a Lagrangian storm perspective, through simulations with an idealized general circulation model. By employing a feature tracking technique to identify the storms, we demonstrate that the poleward motion of individual cyclones increases with increasing global mean temperature. A potential vorticity tendency analysis of the cyclone composites highlights two leading mechanisms responsible for enhanced poleward motion: nonlinear horizontal advection and diabatic heating associated with latent heat release. Our results imply that for a 4 K rise in the global mean surface temperature, the mean poleward displacement of cyclones increases by about 0.85° of latitude, and this occurs in addition to a poleward shift of about 0.6° in their mean genesis latitude. Changes in cyclone tracks may have a significant impact on midlatitude climate, especially in localized storm tracks such as the Atlantic and Pacific storm tracks, which may exhibit a more poleward deflected shape.
Iodobenzene Dichloride/Zinc Chloride‐Mediated Synthesis of N‐Alkoxyindole‐3‐carbonitriles from 3‐Alkoxyimino‐2‐arylalkylnitriles via Intramolecular Heterocyclization
Authors: Yun Zhongxiang , Cheng Ran , Sun Jiyun , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei
Published: October 2017

A series of N‐alkoxyindole‐3‐carbonitriles were synthesized, under mild conditions, via intramolecular heterocyclization of the readily available 3‐alkoxyimino‐2‐arylalkylnitriles mediated by iodobenzene dichloride/zinc chloride. The mechanism of the reaction proposes the formation of a key intermediate of nitrenium cation from a chlorination and dechlorination process facilitated by the hypervalent iodine reagent and Lewis acid respectively.

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A pH‐Dependent, Mechanically Interlocked Switch: Organometallic [2]Rotaxane vs. Organic [3]Rotaxane
Authors: Altmann Philipp J. , Pöthig Alexander
Published: October 2017

We present the first [2]rotaxane featuring a functional organometallic host. In contrast to the known organic scaffolds, this assembly shows a high post‐synthetic modifiability. The reactivity of the Ag8 pillarplex host is fully retained, as is exemplified by the first transmetalation in a rotaxane framework to provide the respective Au8 analogue. Additionally, a transformation under acidic conditions to give a purely organic [3]rotaxane is demonstrated which is reversible upon addition of a suitable base, rendering the assembly a pH‐dependent switch. Hereby, it is shown that the mechanically interlocked nature of the system enhances the kinetic stability of the NHC host complex by a factor of >1000 and corresponds to the first observation of a stabilizing “rotaxand effect”.
Horseradish Peroxidase Catalyzed Hydrogelation for Biomedical, Biopharmaceutical, and Biofabrication Applications
Authors: Sakai Shinji , Nakahata Masaki
Published: October 2017

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐catalyzed hydrogelation has attracted much attention owing to the ease of handling, high biocompatibility, and processability. This review summarizes recent developments, including cutting‐edge research into the use of HRP‐mediated hydrogelation toward biomedical, biopharmaceutical, and biofabrication applications. From the viewpoint of polymer chemistry, the basic chemistry behind hydrogelation, the structure–property relationship, and hybridization of multiple materials by using HRP‐catalyzed hydrogelation are summarized. From the chemical engineering perspective, strategies for controlling hydrogelation kinetics, hydrogel characteristics, and hydrogelation processes are summarized and discussed in detail. Strategies for obtaining biomaterials for medical and pharmaceutical use, and biofabrication for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine emerge by unifying the aspects of HRP‐mediated hydrogelation.
Using intraverbal prompts to increase divergent intraverbal responses by a child with autism
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Chou Wan‐Chi , Feng Hua
Published: October 2017

We examined the effectiveness of intraverbal prompts to increase the number of divergent responses to categorical questions composed of compound stimuli (e.g., Name some red things) for a 6‐year‐old child with autism. The intraverbal prompts involved providing the function, feature, and class of the target responses. A multiple probe across behaviors design was used. Results indicated that the child's total number of divergent responses was increased and maintained during 2‐week follow‐up probe trials. Novel responses were observed across conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of high quantum yield and oscillator strength 6‐chloro‐2‐(4‐cynophenyl)‐4‐phenyl quinoline (cl‐CN‐DPQ) organic phosphor for solid‐state lighting
Authors: Ghate Minakshi , Dahule H. K. , Thejo Kalyani N. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: October 2017

A novel blue luminescent 6‐chloro‐2‐(4‐cynophenyl) substituted diphenyl quinoline (Cl‐CN DPQ) organic phosphor has been synthesized by the acid‐catalyzed Friedlander reaction and then characterized to confirm structural, optical and thermal properties. Structural properties of Cl‐CN‐DPQ were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray (EDAX) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of different functional groups and bond stretching. 1H–NMR and 13C–NMR confirmed the formation of an organic Cl‐CN‐DPQ compound. X‐ray diffraction study provided its crystalline nature. The surface morphology of Cl‐CN‐DPQ was analyzed by SEM, while EDAX spectroscopy revealed the elemental analysis. Differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) disclosed its thermal stability up to 250°C. The optical properties of Cl‐CN‐DPQ were investigated by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Cl‐CN‐DPQ exhibits intense blue emission at 434 nm in a solid‐state crystalline powder with CIE co‐ordinates (0.157, 0.027), when excited at 373 nm. Cl‐CN‐DPQ shows remarkable Stokes shift in the range 14800–5100 cm−1, which is the characteristic feature of intense light emission. A narrow full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) value of PL spectra in the range 42–48 nm was observed. Oscillator strength, energy band gap, quantum yield, and fluorescence energy yield were also examined using UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. These results prove its applications towards developing organic luminescence devices and displays, organic phosphor‐based solar cells and displays, organic lasers, chemical sensors and many more.
Highly luminescent nitrogen‐doped carbon dots for simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline and sulfasalazine
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Chen Jianqiu , Duan Yu , Liu Weixia , Li Dan , Yan Zhengyu , Yang Ke
Published: October 2017

Here, we have presented a green and facile strategy to fabricate nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) and their applications for determination of chlortetracycline (CTC) and sulfasalazine (SSZ). The fluorescent N‐CDs, prepared by one‐step hydrothermal reaction of citric acid and l‐arginine, manifested numerous excellent features containing strong blue fluorescence, good water‐solubility, narrow size distribution, and a high fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 38.8%. Based on the fluorescence quenching effects, the as‐synthesized N‐CDs as a fluorescent nanosensor exhibited superior analytical performances for quantifying CTC and SSZ. The linear range for CTC was calculated to be from 0.85 to 20.38 μg ml−1 with a low detection limit of 0.078 μg ml−1. Meanwhile, the linear range for SSZ was estimated to be from 0.34 to 6.76 μg ml−1 with a low detection limit of 0.032 μg ml−1. Therefore, the N‐CDs hold admirable application potential for constructing a fluorescent sensor for pharmaceutical analysis.