bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Endurance Training on Functional Status of the Respiratory Muscles in Healthy Men
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Zubik Łukasz , Długołęcka Barbara , Charmas Małgorzata , Broniec Jerzy , Opaszowski Benedykt Henryk , Starczewski Michał , Ładyga Maria
Published: January 2018

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of an 8-week endurance training program on the functional status of the respiratory muscles and breathing efficiency.

Material and methods. Thirteen healthy, untrained, male students of Physical Education volunteered to participate in the study. Before and after the subjects completed the training program, they were subjected to anthropometric and spirometric measurements, and performed an incremental stress test. The spirometric measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), active time, passive time, and diaphragm relaxation time. Measuring PImax is a simple method of evaluating the strength of the inspiratory muscles. The 8-week training program was performed on a rowing ergometer 3 times per week, using aerobic workloads.

Results. The study did not confirm a significant improvement in the measured spirometric parameters following the training program. However, we observed a trend of increase in PImax values by 12 ± 21% of borderline after the training program and a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the changes in PImax and those in VO2 max. Following the training there was also a significant reduction in the amount of body fat by 1.4 kg and an improvement of work capacity. The response of the respiratory system to exercise was also enhanced, as breathing efficiency improved (tidal volume increased in maximal exercise, while lung ventilation, the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, and breathing frequency decreased in submaximal exercise).

Conclusions. The findings of the study suggest that traditional endurance training which is implemented over a 8 weeks is not a sufficiently strong stimulus to cause a significant increase in the strength of the inspiratory muscles.
Iodine Deficiency in Latvia: Current Status and Need for National Recommendations
Authors: Konrāde Ilze , Kalere Ieva , Strēle Ieva , Makrecka-Kūka Marina , Veisa Vija , Gavars Didzis , Rezeberga Dace , Pīrāgs Valdis , Lejnieks Aivars , Gruntmanis Uģis , Neimane Lolita , Liepiņš Edgars , Dambrova Maija
Published: January 2018

In the absence of a mandatory salt iodisation programme, two nationwide cross-sectional cluster surveys revealed persisting iodine deficiency among Latvian schoolchildren during the spring season and a noteworthy iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia; these deficiencies warrant intervention. The consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation can adversely affect foetal brain development. Data from a Latvian population survey revealed the consumption of approximately 100 μg of iodine per day through foods and iodised salt. Therefore, strategies to increase the consumption of iodine-containing products should be implemented, particularly for children. In addition, to meet the increased iodine requirement during pregnancy, pregnant women should take daily supplements containing 150 μg iodine from the earliest time possible. All women of childbearing age should be advised to increase their dietary iodine intake by using iodised table salt and iodine-rich products: seafood, milk and milk products. For women with pre-existing thyroid pathologies, the medical decision should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Urinary iodine concentration monitoring among schoolchildren and pregnant women and neonatal thyrotropin registry analysis every five years would be an appropriate strategy for maintaining iodine intake within the interval that prevents iodine deficiency disorders.
Milk as an Essential Source of Iodine in Latvian Population
Authors: Neimane Lolita Vija , Konrade Ilze , Avotiņa Gita , Klaviņa Aneka , Zagorska Jeļena , Martinsone Inese , Cauce Vinita , Kalere Ieva , Baylon Vincenzo , Lejnieks Aivars
Published: January 2018

Milk and dairy products are studied as alternative iodine sources, because salt iodisation is controversial due to high salt consumption leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, the iodine concentration in milk markedly varies. This study evaluated the iodine concentration in cow’s milk available in the Latvian market. Iodine and fat concentration was analysed with a spectrophotometer “Varian Cary 50” based ISO 2446:2008 in 20 milk samples. Data from the Central Statistical Bureau and survey among pregnant women were used to analyse milk product consumption and its impact on iodine status. Average iodine concentration in milk samples was 457.6 (179.6) μg/L, winter samples had a higher concentration of iodine than summer samples: 563.4 (329.6) μg/L and 469.2 (162.0) μg/L, but this is not statistically significant p < 0.05. Iodine concentration in skimmed milk was 490 μg/L, milk with the reduced fat content 501.7 (174.8) μg/L, and whole milk — 422.6 (192.1)1 μg/L. Milk consumption decreased from 2002 to 2014, while yogurt and cheese consumption increased. Higher consumption of milk and milk products was related to higher urinary iodine concentration ρ = 0.115; p = 0.003. Milk and milk products are an important iodine source in Latvia and their consumption should be promoted.
Glycaemic Profile and Insulin Response after Consuming Triticale Flakes
Authors: Havensone Guna , Meija Laila , Balode Līga , Stūrīte Ieviņa , Lejnieks Aivars
Published: January 2018

Daily intake of cereal fibre reduces incidence and progression of metabolic diseases. Very little is known on how triticale (Triticosecale) influences human health and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate glycaemic and insulin response in blood after consuming whole grain triticale cereal flakes. A group of twelve healthy, young people, aged from 18 to 30 years participated in the test. The participants in fasted state were given equivalent carbohydrate amounts of triticale cereal and reference food (glucose solution). Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured according to Brouns et al. (2005). Whole grain triticale cereal flakes elicited lower metabolic responses compared to glucose solution. Intake of the triticale cereal flakes induced significantly lower incremental insulin area (iAUC 0–120 min) 1672.9 ± 619.85 than glucose solution 2646.65 ± 1260.56 and showed lower insulinemic indices (II) 68 ± 19.0 (p < 0.05). A low insulin incremental peak was associated with less severe late post-prandial hypoglycaemia. Our study showed that triticale cereal product caused low acute insulinemic response and improved glycaemic profiles, similarly to the rye products studied before. The results also suggested that the triticale cereal flakes could have beneficial appetite regulating properties. Thus, triticale flakes would be a wonderful option for functional breakfast cereal mixtures that might influence course of metabolic syndrome prevention
Changes of Polyphenol Compound Concentrations in Hybrids of Nante Type Carrots during Storage
Authors: Augšpole Ingrīda , Kince Tatjana , Cinkmanis Ingmārs
Published: January 2018

The main purpose of the study was to determine changes of polyphenol concentrations in hybrids of Nante type carrots during storage. Fresh Nante type ‘Forto’ variety carrots and carrot hybrids ‘Bolero’ F1, ‘Champion’ F1, and ‘Maestro’ F1 were cultivated in the Zemgale region of Latvia. Carrots were stored for six months in air (+3 ± 1 °C, RH = 89 ± 1%) and polyphenol compound concentrations were determined at two month intervals. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine concentrations of eight polyphenols in carrots: gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, and rutin. Significant differences occurred in polyphenol concentrations of fresh Nante type variety ‘Forto’ carrots and several hybrids (‘Bolero’ F1, ‘Champion’ F1, and ‘Maestro’ F1) during storage. After six months of storage, the concentration of polyphenol compounds of Nante type carrots decreased — caffeic acid by 64.6%, chlorogenic acid — by 37.9% and vanillin — by 81.5%. However, during storage, concentration of some polyphenol compounds increased, as catechin by 30.5%, epicatechin by 85.2%, gallic acid by 48.5% and ferulic acid by 87.9%.
Microorganisms of Grape Berries
Authors: Kántor Attila , Mareček Ján , Ivanišová Eva , Terentjeva Margarita , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: January 2018

Grape surface is an unstable habitat that changes greatly according to the stage of grape ripening. Different bacteria and yeasts can colonise the surface of grape berry and the diversity of microorganisms depends on the stage of ripening, pesticide application and health condition. The aim of this study was to study the microflora of the surface of grape berries. Altogether, 19 grape samples from Slovakia were collected. The spread plate method was applied and a 100 μL inoculum of each dilution (10−2, 10−3) was plated on TSA, MEA, and MRS agar for isolation of microorganisms from grapes. Proteins were extracted from cells by ethanol/formic acid extraction procedure. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry was used for identification of microorganisms. In total, 11 genera of Gram-negative bacteria, 11 of Gram-positive bacteria and nine of yeasts were identified. Among 200 isolates, Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts represented 11%, 27% and 62% of the total number of isolates studied. The most common genera of isolated yeasts were Hanseniaspora (37%), Metschnikowia (31%), and Rhodotorula (10%). The most frequently isolated among Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter (22%), Pseudomonas (22%) and Sphingomonas (13%). The most common genera of Gram-positive bacteria were Bacillus (20%), Lactobacillus (19%), Leuconostoc and Staphylococcus (11%), respectively.
Influence of HorseradishAmorica rusticanaL. and LovageLevisticum officinaleL. Extracts on the Stability of Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Tomsone Lolita , Krūma Zanda
Published: January 2018

In this study the efficiency of horseradishAmorica rusticanaleaf, andLevisticum officinalelovage leaf and stem extracts for the stabilisation of rapeseed oil during storage was evaluated. Plant extracts were added to unrefined rapeseed oil in a concentration of 1% by weight, which was chosen based on the results of previous experiments studying the possibilities of the addition of different concentrations of plant extracts for extending the shelf life of the oil. As a control a rapeseed oil sample without extracts was analysed, and for comparison butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the maximum allowed concentration was added to the oil. The efficiency of the extracts in oil was tested in the dark and in the light/dark cycles (day/night regime). For all samples the peroxide value, acid value and DPPH scavenging activity were determined. The oil samples with the added plant extracts stored in the dark oxidised significantly (p< 0.05) slower than the control sample and the sample with BHT. After 24 weeks of storage, the lowest peroxide value was in the sample with the lovage stem extract. The extracts contain compounds that could absorb light (for example chlorophyll) and in the light/dark conditions accelerate oxidation in oil. Among the analysed extracts the lovage stem extract was the most effective oil oxidation inhibitor, but horseradish leaf extract was the most effective DPPH radical scavenger.
Considerations Regarding the Legal Regime of the State of Siege in Romania
Authors: Stoian Alexandru
Published: January 2018

Considered to be one of the most important functions of the state, the national defense encompasses all the measures adopted both in peacetime and in crisis or war situations in order to guarantee the national sovereignty, independence and unity of the state. An appropriate training for the complexity of a crisis situation can not exclude the proper legal foundation, because without a well-built legislative structure the response to a threat against the state may be delayed or inexistent.

In order to ensure the normative framework, alongside the Romanian Constitution, the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 1/1999 offers, even with small gaps, the legal elements necessary for the realization of a unitary system of response to crisis in which various public, civil and military authorities intertwine their attributions in the establishment and implementation of siege-specific measures.
Practical Aspects Regarding Conditions of Closing Traffic and Setting Traffic Restrictions for Both the Execution of Works in Public Roads Area and/or the Protection of Roads
Authors: Tudor Vasile
Published: January 2018

Institutions and authorities involved in organizing, structuring and signaling traffic are represented, on one hand, by the Romanian Police through its structures of traffic police as the main body with responsibilities in the field and, on the other, by the administrators of public roads depending on material and territorial competence.

The administrators of public roads are those mentioned in the Government Ordinance no. 43/1997 regarding the legal regime of roads, as amended to date, namely: the National Company of Administration of Roads Infrastructure subordinated to the Ministry of Transportation – for national roads, the County Councils – for county roads and the Local Councils – for local interest roads, national or county road sectors, including artwork, arrangements and related accessories, located in built-up urban areas.

In their turn, the County and Local Councils operate in the organization and systematization of traffic by both the Commission of Systematization of Roads and the committees of single agreement.
Financial Risk Management
Authors: Jirásková Soňa
Published: January 2018

This paper analyses financial risk management at the Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic. In its first part, the author defines the basic terms related to risk management, explains the negative consequences of risks and points to the importance of financial risk management. The second part of the paper is concerned with the risk management process at the Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic relating to financial management.
Iron oxide-based catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3
Authors: Husnain Naveed , Wang Enlu , Li Kai , Anwar Muhammad Tuoqeer , Mehmood Aamir , Gul Mustabshirha , Li Deli , Mao Jinda
Published: January 2018

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is now an established NOxremoval technology for industrial flue gas as well as for diesel engine exhaust gas. However, it is still a big challenge to develop a novel low-temperature catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx, especially at a temperature below 200°C. In the past few years, many studies have demonstrated the potential of iron (Fe)-based catalysts as low-temperature catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx. Herein, we summarize the recent progress and performance of Fe-based catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx. Catalysts are divided into three categories: single FexOy, Fe-based multimetal oxide, and Fe-based multimetal oxide with support catalysts. The catalytic activity and selectivity of Fe-based catalysts are systematically analyzed and summarized in light of some key factors such as activation energy, specific surface area, morphology, crystallinity, preparation method and precursor, acid sites, calcination temperature, other metal dopant/substitute, and redox property of catalysts. In addition, H2O/SO2tolerance and the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Fe-based catalysts, including Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, are emphasized. Lastly, the perspectives and future research directions of low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOxare also proposed.
Accuracy Analysis of a Wireless Indoor Positioning System Using Geodetic Methods
Authors: Wagner Przemysław , Woźniak Marek , Odziemczyk Waldemar , Pakuła Dariusz
Published: January 2018

Ubisense RTLS is one of the Indoor positioning systems using an Ultra Wide Band. AOA and TDOA methods are used as a principle of positioning. The accuracy of positioning depends primarily on the accuracy of determined angles and distance differences. The paper presents the results of accuracy research which includes a theoretical accuracy prediction and a practical test. Theoretical accuracy was calculated for two variants of system components geometry, assuming the parameters declared by the system manufacturer. Total station measurements were taken as a reference during the practical test. The results of the analysis are presented in a graphical form. A sample implementation (MagMaster) developed by Globema is presented in the final part of the paper.
Investigation of Stability of Precise Geodetic Instruments Used in Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Woźniak Marek , Odziemczyk Waldemar
Published: January 2018

Monitoring systems using automated electronic total stations are an important element of safety control of many engineering objects. In order to ensure the appropriate credibility of acquired data, it is necessary that instruments (total stations in most of the cases) used for measurements meet requirements of measurement accuracy, as well as the stability of instrument axis system geometry. With regards to the above, it is expedient to conduct quality control of data acquired using electronic total stations in the context of performed measurement procedures. This paper presents results of research conducted at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology investigating the stability of “basic” error values (collimation, zero location for V circle, inclination), for two types of automatic total stations: TDA 5005 and TCRP 1201+. Research provided also information concerning the influence of temperature changes upon the stability of investigated instrument’s optical parameters. Results are presented in graphical analytic technique. Final conclusions propose methods, which allow avoiding negative results of measuring tool-set geometry changes during conducting precise deformation monitoring measurements.
Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy Inclusion Measures in Polyline Matching: A Case Study of Potential Streams Identification for Archaeological Modelling in GIS
Authors: Ďuračiová Renata , Rášová Alexandra , Lieskovský Tibor
Published: January 2018

When combining spatial data from various sources, it is often important to determine similarity or identity of spatial objects. Besides the differences in geometry, representations of spatial objects are inevitably more or less uncertain. Fuzzy set theory can be used to address both modelling of the spatial objects uncertainty and determining the identity, similarity, and inclusion of two sets as fuzzy identity, fuzzy similarity, and fuzzy inclusion. In this paper, we propose to use fuzzy measures to determine the similarity or identity of two uncertain spatial object representations in geographic information systems. Labelling the spatial objects by the degree of their similarity or inclusion measure makes the process of their identification more efficient. It reduces the need for a manual control. This leads to a more simple process of spatial datasets update from external data sources. We use this approach to get an accurate and correct representation of historical streams, which is derived from contemporary digital elevation model, i.e. we identify the segments that are similar to the streams depicted on historical maps.
Regeneration of urban and post-industrial areas within the context of adaptation to climate change – the Polish perspective
Authors: Gorgoń Justyna
Published: January 2018

Adaptation to climate change has become an important element of urban policy development in the member states of the European Union. These issues are dealt with in EU documents, as well as in national and local strategies and city adaptation plans. In Poland, the challenge of preparing for climate change has been presented in the Strategic Adaptation Plan for Sectors and Areas Sensitive to Climate Change in Poland within the Perspective of 2030 referring to sectors and areas sensitive to the impact of climate change. Adaptation to climate change is a key element in creating spatial policy for cities and urbanised areas at different levels. One of the most important issues of this policy is the quality of the renovated urban areas and its role in connecting-up and strengthening adaptation capacity. Among the strategic areas indicated in the above-mentioned document, there is also urban policy taking climate change into consideration. One of the selected problem areas relating to the development of urban policy is the renewal and strengthening of the development potential of towns and cities via the regeneration of degraded urban areas and post-industrial land in cities. Both local authorities, entities whose professional role is to deal with urban issues, and the inhabitants of urbanised areas face a twofold challenge. This consists of enhancing the quality of urban areas via regeneration and strengthening the city’s potential for adaptation. That is why it is extremely important to notice the interconnections and opportunities provided by urban renewal and regeneration programmes and projects in the context of adaptation to climate change. Synergy of activities in those two areas of urban policy may bring about very measurable benefits and may enable a cohesive solution to be adopted with regard to many crucial environmental, social, and economic problems.
Urban development under EU cohesion policy – an example of major cities in Poland
Authors: Murzyn Dorota
Published: January 2018

One of the objectives of Poland’s accession to the European Union was to accelerate modernisation and development processes both nationally and locally. Cohesion policy measures provide a way to support these modernisation processes, and cities, especially large ones, play a particular role in this regard. The study aims to assess the role of EU cohesion policy funds in urban development in Poland (with the example of major cities – cities with poviat status). The expenditure on the implementation of projects financed with EU funds accounts for more than half of the investment expenditure of cities with poviat status. Placing it in the context of the full spectrum of public intervention, as well as investments by businesses and other actors on the territories of cities, those cities are the largest beneficiaries of EU cohesion funds in Poland. In the light of the results of quantitative research it can be said that the implementation of cohesion policy is important for large cities and has had an impact on the improvement of their economic situation. By analysing the thematic structure of the projects that have been carried out and co-financed with EU funds we can see that they have contributed to smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, but the scale of this impact should be the subject of further research.
Accessibility of Brzozów by public transport on a local, regional and national scale
Authors: Fiedeń Łukasz
Published: January 2018

Major changes can be observed in the way that the public transport system in Poland operates as a result of the structural and ownership transformations of the former state-owned Motor Transport Company (Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej [PKS]). An analysis was carried out of the town’s existing public transport connections in order to determine the impact of these changes on the mobility of the residents of a small town. The town of Brzozów was selected for the research. After August 2013, PKS Krosno S.A. withdrew from the provision of services on many bus routes in that area.

The external accessibility of public transport in Brzozów was presented at three scales: local, intra-regional and national. Each of these has its own characteristics, and the bus routes provided on each of these scales have different significance for the inhabitants and the functioning of the economy.

Accessibility by public transport in Brzozów is very good and strongly correlated with the city’s functional links on local, regional and national scales. The main transport axis of the city is the route connecting Rzeszów (the capital of Podkarpackie Province) with the Bieszczady Mountains (an area of great value for tourism).

On the local market, the desire to adapt the carriers’ provision to the needs of students and the employees of large companies, while providing for university students on the market for long-distance transport, provided the main motivations for changes in the public transport system in the area of Brzozów Municipality.
The foodservice business in big Polish cities
Authors: Gheribi Edyta
Published: January 2018

The article presents the development of the foodservice industry in major cities in Poland. The paper uses secondary sources of information such as data of the Central Statistical Office (CSO), business reports, and industry newsletters and publications. The research period was the years 2000–2015. A comparative method was applied to the analysis of the data and material collected. Analysis shows that foodservice businesses form one of the most vigorous sectors in Poland. The number of foodservice enterprises changed in every year since the start of analysis in 2000. Also in more recent years the revenue from foodservice activity grew significantly. The development of foodservice enterprises differs between cities in Poland, and is affected by various factors whose interrelations with it are correlated in different ways. Intensive development is particularly often found in major cities (metropolises), where residents earn higher than average incomes, and in attractive tourist destinations. The geographic distribution of foodservice enterprises in the regions of Poland is uneven: the highest concentration of enterprises is in the Mazowieckie voivodeship. Warsaw, capital of Poland takes first place in the country in terms of the number of foodservice enterprises. Foodservice enterprises have shown a significant improvement in quality and variety of services.
The impact of depopulation in urban areas on the development of built-up suburban areas – the case of Poznań and Skórzewo
Authors: Zierke Piotr
Published: January 2018

The Poznań Conurbation is a place where the suburbanisation process is appearing. The spatial transformation of suburban areas indicates that the application of research-based solutions, which in theory are supposed to reduce unfavourable trends, in practice appears to be a complicated task. Problems that remain unresolved for many years, as well as mistakes that often cancel efforts to solve these problems, are the obvious confirmation of that thesis. An important factor, which affects the poor spatial situation in suburban areas, is the lack of central urban planning indices. Although each municipality that is part of the Poznań Conurbation has its own up-to-date statutory land use policy study and other documents defining the local spatial planning policy, their records frequently contain solutions that are not beneficial to the public interest or sustainable development. Problems that are mentioned in producing them, as well as the unachieved aspirations and needs of space users, contribute to increased criticism of complex urban structures, while the strong position of developers in suburban areas raises the question as to whether the area of land dedicated to new buildings, especially residential ones is not too excessive when compared with current needs. This paper presents the results of research that concerns the relationship between the depopulation of Poznań and the increase of the built-up area in the neighbouring village of Skórzewo, which is a place of massive development of residential buildings and rapidly developing enterprises. The aim of this research is to introduce a tool for a more precise prediction of future spatial development in suburban areas.
Gliotransmission: Beyond Black-and-White
Authors: Savtchouk Iaroslav , Volterra Andrea
Published: January 2018

Astrocytes are highly complex cells with many emerging putative roles in brain function. Of these, gliotransmission (active information transfer from glia to neurons) has probably the widest implications on our understanding of how the brain works: do astrocytes really contribute to information processing within the neural circuitry? “Positive evidence” for this stems from work of multiple laboratories reporting many examples of modulatory chemical signaling from astrocytes to neurons in the timeframe of hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. This signaling involves, but is not limited to, Ca2+-dependent vesicular transmitter release, and results in a variety of regulatory effects at synapses in many circuits that are abolished by preventing Ca2+elevations or blocking exocytosis selectively in astrocytes. In striking contradiction, methodologically advanced studies by a few laboratories produced “negative evidence,” triggering a heated debate on the actual existence and properties of gliotransmission. In this context, a skeptics' camp arose, eager to dismiss the whole positive evidence based on a number of assumptions behind the negative data, such as the following: (1) deleting a single Ca2+release pathway (IP3R2) removes all the sources for Ca2+-dependent gliotransmission; (2) stimulating a transgenically expressed Gq-GPCR (MrgA1) mimics the physiological Ca2+signaling underlying gliotransmitter release; (3) age-dependent downregulation of an endogenous GPCR (mGluR5) questions gliotransmitter release in adulthood; and (4) failure by transcriptome analysis to detect vGluts or canonical synaptic SNAREs in astrocytes proves inexistence/functional irrelevance of vesicular gliotransmitter release. We here discuss how the above assumptions are likely wrong and oversimplistic. In light of the most recent literature, we argue that gliotransmission is a more complex phenomenon than originally thought, possibly consisting of multiple forms and signaling processes, whose correct study and understanding require more sophisticated tools and finer scientific experiments than done until today. Under this perspective, the opposing camps can be reconciled and the field moved forward. Along the path, a more cautious mindset and an attitude to open discussion and mutual respect between opponent laboratories will be good companions.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Multiple Lines of Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions, by Todd A. Fiacco and Ken D. McCarthy
Deficient Surveillance and Phagocytic Activity of Myeloid Cells Within Demyelinated Lesions in Aging Mice Visualized byEx VivoLive Multiphoton Imaging
Authors: Rawji Khalil S. , Kappen Janson , Tang Weiwen , Teo Wulin , Plemel Jason R. , Stys Peter K. , Yong V. Wee
Published: January 2018

Aging impairs regenerative processes including remyelination, the synthesis of a new myelin sheath. Microglia and other infiltrating myeloid cells such as macrophages are essential for remyelination through mechanisms that include the clearance of inhibitory molecules within the lesion. Prior studies have shown that the quantity of myeloid cells and the clearance of inhibitory myelin debris are deficient in aging, contributing to the decline in remyelination efficiency with senescence. It is unknown, however, whether the impaired clearance of debris is simply the result of the reduced number of phagocytes or if the dynamic activity of myeloid cells within the demyelinating plaque also declines with aging and this question is relevant to the proper design of therapeutics to mobilize myeloid cells for repair. Herein, we describe a high-resolution multiphotonex vivolive imaging protocol that visualizes individual myelinated/demyelinated axons and lipid-containing myeloid cells to investigate the demyelinated lesion of aging female mice. We found that aging lesions have fewer myeloid cells and that these have reduced phagocytosis of myelin. Although the myeloid cells are actively migratory within the lesion of young mice and have protrusions that seem to survey the environment, this motility and surveillance is significantly reduced in aging mice. Our results emphasize the necessity of not only increasing the number of phagocytes, but also enhancing their activity once they are within demyelinated lesions. The high-resolution live imaging of demyelinated lesions can serve as a platform with which to discover pharmacological agents that rejuvenate intralesional remodeling that promotes the repair of plaques.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe repair of myelin after injury depends on myeloid cells that clear debris and release growth factors. As organisms age, remyelination becomes less efficient correspondent with fewer myeloid cells that populate the lesions. It is unknown whether the dynamic activity of cells within lesions is also altered with age. Herein, using high-resolution multiphotonex vivolive imaging with several novel features, we report that myeloid cells within demyelinated lesions of aging mice have reduced motility, surveillance, and phagocytic activity, suggesting an intralesional impairment that may contribute to the age-related decline in remyelination efficiency. Medications to stimulate deficient aging myeloid cells should not only increase their representation, but also enter into lesions to stimulate their activity.
REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION, PERFORMANCE, AND BANK RISK: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Hafidiyah Mutiara Nur , Trinugroho Irwan
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the effect of revenue diversification on bank performance and bank risk by studying 101 conventional commercial banks in Indonesia over the period of 2010-2014 resulting in 505 observations. By employing panel least square technique, our results show that revenue diversification negatively affects bank performance. Moreover, it is found that diversified banks are riskier than specialized banks. The risk is diminished when state-owned banks diversify their business. Joint venture banks are riskier than other banks when they engage in non-interest income activities.
THE IMPACT OF EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING ON WORD OF MOUTH WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Artanti Yessy
Published: January 2018

PT Maktour got a predicate from the Ministry of Religous Affairs as the best special hajj and umrah  organizer and was ranked as the Top Brand Index category travel agency in 2014. This study was to examine the impact of Experiential marketing on word of mouth (WOM) with customer satisfaction as intervening variable. The research design used hypothesis testing with a purposive sampling techniques. The respondents in this study were 105 respondents. The data were analyzed using AMOS software 20. The result showed Experiential marketing has a significant on customer satisfaction and WOM. 
Salesperson Capability on Co-Creation Value
Authors: Marlien R. A. , Alimaskur Alimaskur , Setiawan Mulyobudi
Published: January 2018

This research focuses on the study of customer engagement in planning and deciding on products and services to be purchased through the salesperson. This is a study of the relationships between firms and customers based on collaboration theory, customer value, relationship marketing and resource-base view (RbV).  the development of information technology causes the company to change the paradigm to become customer-centric. Customers are actively involved in creating value that suits the desired and customer experience. Financial services such as insurance is required to establish cooperation or strong collaboration so that both companies and customers get the expected benefits. The method used to analyze the model is multiple regression with a sample of 100 respondents  in the life insurance company customers in Semarang. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. The co-creation value formed from collaborative values, customer perceptions and customer participation with the salesperson capability mediated generates unique co-creation values in accordance with customer wants and needs.
Pengelolaan Program Taman Penitipan Anak Plamboyan 3 di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Hoerniasih Nia
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pembinaan, penilaian, dan pengembangan program Taman Penitipan Anak. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pengelola, pengasuh dan tiga orangtua anak usia dini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumentasi. Tahapan penelitian melalui tahap orientasi, eksplorasi, dan member check. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif melalui langkah-langkah koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan perencanaan program pengasuhan diawali dengan analisis kebutuhan oleh ketua penyelenggara. Pengorganisasian dilakukan untuk mengorganisir pengelola, pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dengan menjalankan peran fungsi dan pengasuhan. Pelaksanaan dilakukan sesuai jadwal masing-masing pengasuhan secara holistik dan integratif. Pembinaan dilakukan melalui supervisi dan monitoring baik secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Penilaian difokuskan pada proses pengasuhan dan pembelajaran selama kegiatan berlangsung pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Pengembangan dilakukan untuk memajukan penyelenggaraan program pengasuhan agar lebih sempurna, lebih luas, dan lebih baik.
Oferta de trabajo del hogar remunerado en el Perú: 2007-2014
Authors: Garavito Masalías Cecilia
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el trabajo del hogar remunerado bajo las modalidades “cama adentro” y “cama afuera”, así como estimar la probabilidad de trabajar en esta ocupación y la función de oferta de trabajo. Estos dos puntos son la principal contribución de la investigación al tema para el caso del Perú, en cuyo desarrollo se emplearon las bases de las ENAHO 2007, 2010, 2013 y 2014. Por medio de una estimación Logit Multinomial se encontró que la probabilidad de estar en el trabajo del hogar remunerado en relación con la inactividad es mayor para las mujeres de bajos niveles de educación y de ingresos no laborales, y mayor para aquellas cuya etnicidad es nativa. Asimismo, que la función de oferta de trabajo del hogar remunerado tiene una pendiente positiva y es altamente inelástica. En el caso de las trabajadoras “cama adentro”, esto es consistente con su poco control de la jornada laboral, mientras que el de las trabajadoras “cama afuera” es consistente con sus bajos ingresos.
Ciclos distributivos y crecimiento económico en américa latina, 1950-2014
Authors: Alarco Tosoni Germán
Published: January 2018

Este artículo presenta y analiza la evolución de la participación de los salarios y del excedente bruto de explotación respecto del PIB en 18 economías latinoamericanas y el conjunto regional. En ambos casos se trata de curvas sinusoidales que comparten una historia regional común, pero en las que las particularidades de cada economía son importantes. Asimismo, se determina cómo la participación regional de los salarios contribuye de manera directa y positiva al crecimiento económico en el periodo 1950-1979, mientras que su contribución es negativa entre 1980-2014. El mayor nivel que se presenta se da en la década de los sesenta. La trayectoria conjunta de la participación salarial y el crecimiento económico es superior en el primer periodo respecto del segundo.
Income redistribution and inequality in the Mexican tax-benefit system
Authors: Llamas Linda , Araar Abdelkrim , Huesca Luis
Published: January 2018

The paper examines the redistributive effect that was achieved by the Mexican tax-benefit system in 2014 using personal income tax, indirect taxes, social security contributions and social benefits. Our goal is to analyse the impact on inequality due to fiscal system action and then go further by demonstrating to what extent the contributions have on the total redistribution effect. The Mexican tax-benefit sys-tem is characterised by significant pre-fiscal income inequality. The contribution made by Vertical Equity (VE) is relatively important, but Horizontal Inequity (HI) reduces its impact. Income taxation does not greatly contribute to VE. Furthermore, some households receive unequal benefits, and therefore decrease the positive effect induced by VE.
A novel elasto-viscoplastic formulation for compression behaviour of clays
Authors: Yuan Y. , Whittle A. J.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a novel elasto-viscoplastic formulation for describing the time-dependent compression behaviour of clays. The formulation incorporates a novel flow rule that attributes viscoplastic strain rate to an internal state variable representing the perturbation of the clay particle assembly due to historical straining. The proposed model can describe a wide range of observed time effects under constant rate of strain loading conditions, including both isotache and temporary effects of step changes in strain rate, while allowing creep and relaxation by way of an auto-decay process of internal strain rate. The model facilitates rational estimates of the initial creep rate in the analyses of consolidation for thick clay layers (field scale) and, hence, overcomes drawbacks of existing isotache models. The proposed formulation is also able to represent diverse observations of primary consolidation for clay layers of different thicknesses, providing a unifying framework that can resolve the long-standing paradox in observed clay behaviour (hypotheses A and B). The model is applied to re-interpret the effects of specimen thickness on the consolidation behaviour of Osaka Bay mud in laboratory tests and show that apparent contradictions in the data can be related to rate-dependent properties of the clay.
Ionic liquid: green solvent for the synthesis of cellulose/guar gum/PVA biocomposite
Authors: Patil Chandrashekhar M , Borse Amulrao U , Meshram Jyotsna S
Published: January 2018

In recent years, the development of clean, efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processes using less hazardous chemicals has been one of the main goals of researchers. Green chemistry and sustainability are directing the development of the next generation of biocomposite materials and products. Herein, the authors use the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as a green solvent for the synthesis of biodegradable, biocomposite materials from cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)), guar gum (GG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The effect of GG and PVA composition with MCC was evaluated by comparing the physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the produced biocomposite films with those of the regenerated cellulosic film. The tensile strength and hardness of biocomposite films is superior to that of the regenerated cellulosic film. In this method, [BMIM]Cl has been used as a solvent to dissolve and synthesize the MCC/GG/PVA biocomposite material. [BMIM]Cl is removed from the biocomposite material by washing it with ethanol and recovered by using a rotary evaporator. The synthesized biocomposite is an advanced biomaterial with several potential applications in packaging and other fields.
Tecnologias da informação e comunicação na assistência de enfermagem hospitalar
Authors: Pissaia Luís Felipe , Costa Arlete Eli Kunz da , Moreschi Claudete , Rempel Claudete
Published: January 2018

Justificativa e objetivos: Verificar o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) nos processos assistenciais de enfermagem por meio da metodologia de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em uma instituição hospitalar do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com seis Enfermeiros de um serviço hospitalar. Resultados: A falta de conhecimento sobre a importância das TIC, o déficit na disponibilização de educação continuada aos profissionais e o preconceito cultural à novas metodologias de trabalho foram elencadas como fragilidades existentes. As contribuições estão relacionadas a organização e planejamento de suas atividades, bem como uma gestão pessoal efetiva pautada nos princípios de integralidade da assistência prestada ao cliente. Conclusão: As TIC auxiliam nos processos de implantação e implementação de SAE, fomentando novos modelos de trabalhos aos Enfermeiros e incentivando a adesão pelas instituições hospitalares.

DESCRITORES: Cuidados de enfermagem. Processos de enfermagem. Assistência hospitala.
Deciphering the Composition of Section 79- Assessment Panels in the Criminal Procedure Amendment Act 4 of 2017
Authors: Pienaar Letitia
Published: January 2018

Section 79 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 provides for the appointment of mental health professionals to assess an accused’s fitness to stand trial and/or criminal capacity if the court orders such an enquiry in terms of sections 77 and 78 of the Criminal Procedure Act. In terms of section 79, one mental health professional must assess an accused charged with a non-violent offence, whereas a panel of such professionals must assess an accused charged with an offence involving serious violence.

The legislative provisions regarding the appointment of mental health professionals to a section 79-assessment panel are not without ambiguity. Section 79(1)(b) read with section 79(13) is problematic. Directives issued by the National Prosecuting Authority in terms of section 79(13) do not aid in clarifying the legal position either. The main point of contention is whether a section 79-assessment panel must consist of a minimum of two or three psychiatrists. This ambiguity creates challenges for presiding officers tasked with appointing section 79-assessment panels. When presiding officers appoint these panels incorrectly, it causes delays in the assessment process and the delivery of justice to the accused and the victim.

The court considered the interplay between section 79(1)(b) and section 79(13) in S v Pedro 2015 1 SACR 41 (WCC). The judgment highlights the need to clarify the position in the Criminal Procedure Act regarding the appointment of section 79-assessment panels. This case provided the impetus for the amendment of section 79 through the Criminal Procedure Amendment Act 4 of 2017.

This contribution explores the composition of section 79-assessment panels as provided for in the Criminal Procedure Act. Section 79(1)(b) and the seemingly contradictory provisions contained in section 79(13) are discussed. The S v Pedro judgment is discussed with a specific focus on the court’s interpretation of the interplay between these two provisions.

Following the S v Pedro judgment, the Criminal Procedure Amendment Act 4 of 2017 amended section 79. This contribution explores the clarifying provisions of the Amendment Act regarding the composition of assessment panels
NHP T cell assay, CL4 inactivation v1
Authors: Audet Jonathan , Alimonti Judie
Published: January 2018

Protocol for a T cell assay including peptide stimulation, surface staining, fixation (inactivation), and intracellular staining. The cells are stained for the surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA,CCR7, and viability. The staining for intracellular markers includes IL-2, IL-4, TNFα, IFNγ, and CD69. Staining for CD107a is performed during the stimulation. A no-wash viability stain allows for a faster surface staining protocol. All antibodies cross-react with cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Calculations for the stimulation and staining mixes are performed in the attached Excel file, just enter the number of samples being tested. The calculations assume 3 peptide pools and 1 positive and 1 negative for each sample tested. The Excel file also has the plate layout and the different mixes added to the controls.
Amino acid analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS v1
Authors: Florencio Ortiz Victoria , Sellés-Marchart Susana , L. Casas Jose
Published: January 2018

A method allowing the simultaneous quantitation of 21 amino acids in dry leaf tissue using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.