bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fellowship, gender, and scholarly productivity: trends among academic neurosurgeons in the US
Authors: Behmer Hansen Rosemary T. , Silva Nicole A. , Cuevas Rebecca , Cerasiello Samantha Y. , Richardson Angela M. , Mammis Antonios , Nanda Anil
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Current data on fellowship choice and completion by neurosurgical residents are limited, especially in relation to gender, scholarly productivity, and career progression. The objective of this study was to determine gender differences in the selection of fellowship training and subsequent scholarly productivity and career progression.

METHODS

The authors conducted a quantitative analysis of the fellowship training information of practicing US academic neurosurgeons. Information was extracted from publicly available websites, the Scopus database, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments website.

RESULTS

Of 1641 total academic neurosurgeons, 1403 (85.5%) were fellowship trained. There were disproportionately more men (89.9%) compared to women (10.1%). A higher proportion of women completed fellowships than men (p = 0.004). Proportionally, significantly more women completed fellowships in pediatrics (p < 0.0001), neurooncology (p = 0.012), and critical care/trauma (p = 0.001), while significantly more men completed a spine fellowship (p = 0.012). Within those who were fellowship trained, the academic rank of professor was significantly more commonly held by men (p = 0.001), but assistant professor was held significantly more often by women (p = 0.017). The fellowships with the largest mean h-indices were functional/stereotactic, pediatrics, and critical care/trauma. Despite more women completing neurooncology and pediatric fellowships, men had significantly greater h-indices in these subspecialties compared to women. Women had more industry funding awards than men in pediatrics (p < 0.0001), while men had more in spine (p = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Women were found to have higher rates for fellowship completion compared with their male counterparts, yet had lower scholarly productivity in every subspecialty. Fellowship choice remains unequally distributed between genders, and scholarly productivity and career progression varies between fellowship choice.
Un crédito que promover: el cooperativismo
Authors: Acebedo Francisco
Published: August 2020

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Alemania, España, japón, Swazilandia
Authors: Feijóo Eugenio A.
Published: August 2020

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Los derechos humanos en la evolución económica 1968-69
Authors: Gorosquieta Francisco Javier
Published: August 2020

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Cooperativismo español y cooperativismo internacional
Authors: Carbonell de Masy Rafael
Published: August 2020

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A Geo-spatial Classification Time Series Change Detection Using Remote Sensing Images of Seshachalam Region
Authors: Reddy R.Sanjeeva , Babu G Anjan , Mohan Reddy A. Rama
Published: August 2020

Time series is a scientific process of determining an ordered sequence of values of a variable within equally spaced time intervals. Mostly this is applied when looking at technical data and its influences on the neighboring surroundings. This type of scientific analysis that can be applied twofold. Firstly, it can be used to obtain a knowledge of the triggering forces and structure that produced the observed data. Additionally, it can be used to fit a model and to predict, monitor the area of interest.
This scientific form of analysis can be applied in various sectors so long as the data can be measured over time. The following are some of the applications: Economic and sales forecasting, Crop Yield prediction, Forest cover changes, urbanization, among many other uses. In this analysis, we will focus on time series change detection using image differencing of a classified image and representing the outcome area in a bar graph. The area of study is Seshachalam Hills, Tirupathi an ecological zone in Andhra Pradesh, India.
高等职业院校毕业生就业思想政治教育工作的实施策略初探
Authors: 陈 静
Published: August 2020

高职院校的人才培养是一个复杂的系统工程,高职生就业指导是其中的一个重要组成部分,关系着高职生未来的人生发展与今后的前途命运。在就业形势较为严峻的今天,做好高职生的就业思想政治教育显得尤为重要,它是更好地促进高职生就业的基础,是稳就业、高质量就业的保障。高职院校可通过组建思想觉悟高、工作能力强的辅导员团队；将思政元素融入专业课教学,调动学生积极性；办好职业教育活动周,推进“三全育人”格局；关注重点人群,“扶困”与“扶志”相结合；加大创新创业教育力度等途径,为高职生就业思想政治教育保驾护航。
多媒体词汇呈现方式对初中生英语词汇学习的影响
Authors: 马 琳
Published: August 2020

词汇作为语言的基本要素,在语言学习中起着重要的作用。近年来,词汇呈现方式受到越来越多的关注。然而,多媒体词汇呈现模式对于词汇学习的效果并不令人满意。因此,探讨多媒体词汇呈现模式在词汇学习中的作用具有重要的现实意义,通过实际课堂实验,探索了不同的词汇呈现模式对初中生词汇学习的效果。
高职机电一体化专业三职生人才培养模式的改革
Authors: 任 林昌 , 马 天琳 , 张 虎
Published: August 2020

目前,高职教育中三职生已形成一个庞大的主力军群体,本文有针对性的对高职机电一体化专业三职生人才培养模式从人才培养目标、人才培养课程体系、人才培养教学形式、人才培养的评价机制及制度保障等方面进行改革,为高职教育提升人才培养质量、培养综合型技术技能人才培养提供参考和借鉴。
生本教育理念下的小学语文阅读教学研究
Authors: 吴 冰
Published: August 2020

在教育系统持续改革的框架内,优质教育正在全面展开,生本教育的概念是优质教育发展的必然产物,为实现全民优质教育奠定良好基础。语文是我国教育的基本,而阅读是学生语言知识和能力的最明显表现之一。本文分析了现阶段我国小学语文阅读教育问题,研究了生本教育理念下的小学语文阅读教育方法。
“一带一路”背景下，工程管理专业实践教学体系改革
Authors: 刘 建鑫
Published: August 2020

“一带一路”背景下工程管理专业实践教学体系改革的紧迫感不断增强,培养具有国际视野,且实践能力强的人才也备受关注。很多高校都进行了相应教学体系改革尝试,但实际效果并不理想,专业实践教学体系改革步伐较为缓慢也是不争事实。通过分析可以发现,专业实践教学体系改革中的难点性因素较为多样,这些难点性因素无法得到有效破解时,相应教学体系改革基本上无从谈起。本文将具体分析“一带一路”背景下相应教学体系改革的难点,并提出有效的教学体系改革策略。
初中英语写作教学中的有效反馈研究
Authors: 王 慧敏
Published: August 2020

有效反馈对初中英语写作教学具有重要的帮助,所以初中英语教师应将其贯穿于整个英语写作教学的始终。在日常教学中,英语教师应对有效反馈的途径进行明确,在教学过程中树立正确的理念,要对学生的实际掌握情况及学习心理进行实时把控,进而创造更好的条件来方便学生进行有效反馈的参与,最终在完善学生自我纠错能力的同时,也更好地提高英语写作教学的效果。
浅析高中物理核心素养教学的实践与思考
Authors: 高 鹏涛
Published: August 2020

新时期对于人才的培养有了越来越高的要求,发展学生核心素养成为教育研究的热点,新课标指出高中物理的教学目标是要增强学生综合素质的提升,加强学生核心素养的培养和发展。本文分析了高中物理教学存在的问题,探究了高中物理核心素养教学的实践策略,旨在促进高中物理核心素养教学质量的提高。
用大学生军事理论课蕴含的红色基因铸魂育人
Authors: 李 慧博
Published: August 2020

依据《普通高等学校军事课教学大纲》(教体艺〔2019〕1号),军事理论课是普通高等学校学生的必修课程。我军是党领导下的人民军队,人民军队的发展史,就是一部在中国共产党绝对领导下的强军兴军史,军事理论课蕴含着丰富的红色基因。讲好军事理论课,用其蕴含的红色基因影响人、感召人、凝聚人,用生动丰富的红色故事打动人、说服人,引导广大学子爱党爱国爱军,自觉将个人发展与祖国的命运同频共振,提高献身国防的使命感和责任感,做合格的社会主义建设者和可靠接班人。
数学文化在高职数学教学中的应用
Authors: 陈 思思
Published: August 2020

目前,高职数学教育仍普遍采用一种以书本为基础的教育,学生的学习兴趣和创新意识没有得到很好的培养,数学文化在高职数学教学中没有得到广泛的应用。而数学文化的教育正是新的教育观所倡导和提倡的一种真正以人为本的教育。将数学文化应用于高职数学教学中,将能够让学生更轻松地接受数学,提升数学修养,有助于解决现阶段高职数学教育存在的问题和困惑。
适应“绿色”的建筑物理课程教学思考
Authors: 樊 辉 , 肉 孜阿洪 , 滕 树勤
Published: August 2020

随着公众对建筑领域关注点的转变,建筑品质的提升正逐步成为公众的核心诉求。绿色发展已经成为一个时代的要求,而建设绿色建筑是推进生态文明建设和倡导绿色发展理念的重要举措。建筑物理课程内容符合绿色发展的建筑理念,让学生更好的适应社会,让建筑紧跟时代的发展,建筑物理教学改革迫在眉睫。
建筑学低年级学生认识实习教学探索——以新疆大学为例
Authors: 帕尔哈提 肉孜阿洪 • , 窦 凤圆 , 樊 辉
Published: August 2020

建筑学专业认识实习是本专业学生低年级实践性环节之一,本章以新疆大学建筑学专业认识实习为例,疫情期间实践教学工作中遇到的问题,探索了特殊时期实践环节教学方法,应从指定实习方案,做好实习动员,通过线上线下结合进行教学过程和加强监督管理,规范成绩考核等方面指定了教学方案,进行教学改革和改进,改进措施后的认识实习教学方法,在特殊时期,有限的条件下提高学生兴趣,选择适当的实习内容,引导学生正确的实习步骤,掌握有关专业知识,并且特殊教学手段加强了实习效果。
谈法学学习中合作学习法的应用
Authors: 钟 海华
Published: August 2020

法学是一门综合性、专业性与复杂性较强的学科,不单包含繁杂的法律知识,还涉及社会学、经济学与人文学等其它学科内容。现阶段,我国大力倡导构建法制社会。这不仅扩大了对高素质法学人才的需求,也提高了对法学人才的标准要求。合作学习是一类最显效的法学学习方法,不仅可以促进学生与学生间的沟通交流,还能培养学生的学习兴趣。
高职院校音乐课程的思政渗透探究
Authors: 郭 荣举
Published: August 2020

思想政治教育是社会主义精神文明建设的中心环节,其目的在于使受教育者的思想和行为达到期望的结果。进行思想政治教育,对大学生提高自身道德素质、促进全面发展方面起着重要作用。高职院校教育是培养技术型人才的教育,学生思想政治水平直接影响行业的道德素质,因此,在学校中,对学生的思政教育,不应该只停留在思政课程上面,要在学校的方方面面渗透思政。本文旨在通过探究如何在音乐课程中渗透思政,帮助学生在音乐中具体形象的接受思政教育,从而树立正确的三观、完善自身道德素质。
疫情下微课助力高中思想政治课教学——以《经济学常识》为例
Authors: 谭 美微
Published: August 2020

疫情下学生停课不停学,要想提高学生在家上课的效果,需要教师借助多种教学方式或手段来展现所教知识,提高学生上课的积极性,在这一阶段我主要通过借助微课来提高课堂教学的实效性。微课作为短小精悍的小助手,在高中思想政治教学中的运用对思想政治学科核心素养的渗透；突破教学的重难点；拓展延伸课后资源起到助推器的作用,提高学生自主学习的能力。本篇主要以《经济学常识》教学为例,展示微课教学在教学中的积极作用。微课把抽象的学科知识变得更为形象化和生动化,更有利于激发学生的学习兴趣和学习的积极性、主动性、创造性。
Processo de construção do perfil docente: Relatos de estudantes de licenciatura em pedagogia
Authors: Nascimento Ana Cláudia do , Silva Gesilda Maia Santa Cruz
Published: August 2020

Com o constante avanço científico-tecnológico-social, observa-se a necessidade de novas práticas sobre a forma de ensinar e aprender, principalmente pelo o fato de que a educação precisa estar contextualizada com vivência dos estudantes. Nesse sentido, compreender a importância do processo de formação docente é fundamental e urgente. Desse modo, objetivou-se na pesquisa investigar a visão dos estudantes do curso de pedagogia sobre o processo de construção do perfil docente, no intuito de compreender como a grade curricular influência no desenvolvido da docência. Para estabelecimento da proposta, foi utilizado um questionário, contendo 11 perguntas objetivas e subjetivas sobre o tema abordado. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do método Survey, e as respostas atribuídas pelos estudantes durante a coleta de dados foram analisadas qualitativamente. No total da pesquisa foram entrevistados 29 graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia. Foi observado a partir do recorte geral das respostas dos discentes que algumas destacam os pontos positivos, afirmando que o curso com seus amplos aspectos, auxiliam na formação crítica dos profissionais. Alguns estudantes destacaram o fato de que, na maioria das vezes, durante o curso é visto muito teoria, ao invés de prática. Através dos resultados foi verificada a importância de discutir conteúdos e estruturas curriculares voltados à formação docente, assim como ter uma melhor concepção do contexto de formação docente por parte dos estudantes do curso de licenciatura.
Abordagem sobre a prática educativa interdisciplinar no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Lima Suelma Da Silva Aguiar
Published: August 2020

O artigo desenvolvido busca fazer uma análise da interdisciplinaridade aplicada à sala de aula e mostrar a importância da prática interdisciplinar no processo educativo, suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento do ser humano tanto no aspecto intelectual quanto no social, de tal maneira que este na sua interação com o meio mantenha uma convivência harmoniosa em meio a uma sociedade que se mostra bastante fragmentada na sua forma de organização e aos valores que tem transmitido às futuras gerações. Pretende-se analisar o conceito de interdisciplinaridade e sua relação com a prática no cotidiano escolar, além da forma como esta vem sendo interpretada pelo educador quando este envolve a produção e a execução do planejamento escolar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Aponta-se para a fundamentação e reflexão do planejamento enquanto instrumento abalizador da ação pedagógica. Considera-se importante o conhecimento e prática da interdisciplinaridade no contexto escolar tendo em vista que torna esse processo integrador de conhecimentos possibilitando a reflexão e a ação da formação de indivíduos críticos.
Demonologia analisada sob a óptica dos escritos do Padre Gabriele Amorth
Authors: Leite Leonardo Delatorre
Published: August 2020

Os estudos demonológicos estão ganhando cada vez mais destaque no campo de abordagem da dogmática católica, especialmente pela necessidade de um conhecimento teológico mais próximo de uma cosmovisão centrada na Soberania de Deus, na cristologia e nos fundamentos da obra redentora de Jesus enquanto Salvador. O padre Amorth representa um dos principais autores de demonologia, cujos escritos mantêm uma linha de pensamento consonante com as Sagradas Escrituras e com a tradição da Igreja, sempre frisando a ligação dos estudos demonológicos com a obra Redentora de Cristo. Sendo assim, as reflexões deixadas por Amorth representam uma excelente introdução para os principais temas concernentes aos vários aspectos e peculiaridades das ações demoníacas, bem como o problema central referente a relação da demonologia com a teologia espiritual. O respectivo trabalho acadêmico teve como objetivo primordial o estabelecimento de uma relação direta dos estudos concernente aos preceitos da demonologia com a espiritualidade cristã através de uma revisão bibliográfica da vasta obra do Padre Amorth. Ademais, frisou-se a realização de uma abordagem comparativa dos escritos do padre com os principais concílios ecumênicos da Igreja Católica e também com a teologia sistemática de São Tomás de Aquino. A lição derradeira deixada pelas análises estabelecidas consiste numa importante afirmação: Não há como compreender essencialmente a Redenção cristã sem um conhecimento básico sobre a vocação da Igreja e dos fiéis na batalha espiritual contra a realidade das atividades demoníacas.
EKSPLORASI MATERIAL GLULAM PADA PERANCANGAN SHELTER MENGGUNAKAN SALURAN KREATIVITAS FOCUS ON MATERIAL
Authors: Nareswarananindya Nareswarananindya
Published: August 2020

Setiap material memiliki karakteristik yang dapat dieksplorasi dan digunakan sebagai saluran kreativitas dalam merancang bangunan. Proses eksplorasi material tersebut harus dapat mendukung efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya dalam keseluruhan daur hidup (life cycle) bangunan, mulai dari pemilihan material, desain, konstruksi, pemeliharaan, hingga pembongkaran. Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)  merupakan  salah satu material alternatif dari bahan dasar kayu yang dapat diperbaharui dan memiliki low embodied energy. Dengan menggunakan saluran kreativitas focus on material, karakteristik dari glulam digunakan sebagai pendekatan merancang bangunan. Tipe bangunan yang digunakan sebagai obyek eksplorasi adalah bangunan sederhana non-ruang, yaitu shelter (naungan). Proses rancang menggunakan Cyclical Design Process yang terdiri dari tahap analisis, sintesis, dan evaluasi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang hingga mendapat rancangan paling yang optimal. Tahap analisis data dari glulam, shelter, dan focus on material dilakukan untuk menghasilkan kriteria desain yang akan digunakan untuk menghasilkan beberapa alternatif rancangan pada tahap sintesis. Beberapa alternatif rancangan tersebut kemudian di evaluasi pada tahap evaluasi untuk mendapatkan rancangan yang paling sesuai. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah rancangan skematik bangunan shelter dengan bentuk single curve dan double curve yang tersusun dari konfigurasi monomaterial elemen-elemen glulam berukuran 60x60 cm menggunakan sambungan takik.
Актуальні проблеми планування оборони України: комплексний підхід
Authors: Сиротенко А. М. , Щипанський П. В. , Павліковський А. К. , Лобко М. М.
Published: August 2020

У статті розглядаються проблемні питання планування оборони України в сучасних умовах. Розглянуто історичний аспект підготовки держав до війни та розроблення планів її ведення, планування оборони і ведення війни, проаналізовано особливості планування оборони в НАТО, державах пострадянського простору та європейських державах з нейтральним статусом, наведено підходи до планування оборони в Україні.Проаналізовані особливості сучасних умов, за яких має проводитися планування оборони. Визначено стратегічне планування у сфері оборони як складової державного стратегічного планування, підходи до розроблення плану оборони України та порядок його розроблення та подання на розгляд і затвердження.
Gyðingurinn Páll. Nýjustu viðhorf í rannsóknum á postulanum og gyðinglegu samhengi hans
Authors: Þorsteinsson Rúnar M.
Published: August 2020

This article presents new perspectives in research on the apostle Paul in his first-century Jewish context. The article provides a general overview of the history of research in this respect, especially in light of the antisemitic attitudes and perceptions that have played an important role in the formation of the traditional view of Paul and his message. The so-called “New Perspective on Paul“, which was prominent in the late 20th century, is briefly presented and discussed. But the main emphasis of the article is the presentation of a more recent view that is either called “The Radical New Perspective on Paul“ or (more appropri-ately) “Paul within Judaism“. This new approach is gaining more and more support in New Testament scholarship, particularly in the United States and in the Nordic countries. According to this perspective, Paul neither abandoned nor rejected Judaism, but remained a Jew, even as a believer in Christ, and he wrote his letters into a first-century Jewish context. In other words, the context of Paul’s message was not “Christian” in the sense that it was something else than Jewish — Christianity did not exist as such in Paul’s time
HIF Signaling Pathway in Pheochromocytoma and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: JOCHMANOVÁ I. , ZELINKA T. , WIDIMSKÝ J. , PACAK K.
Published: August 2020

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors controlling energy, iron metabolism, erythropoiesis, and development. Dysregulation of these proteins contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent findings revealed the important role of HIFs in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors, especially pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL). PHEOs and PGLs are catecholamine-producing tumors arising from sympathetic- or parasympathetic-derived chromaffin tissue. To date, eighteen PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes have been identified. Based on the main signaling pathways, PHEOs/PGLs have been divided into two clusters, pseudohypoxic cluster 1 and cluster 2, rich in kinase receptor signaling and protein translation pathways. Recent data suggest that both clusters are interconnected via the HIF signaling and its role in tumorigenesis is supported by newly described somatic and germline mutations in HIF2A gene in patients with PHEOs/PGLs associated with polycythemia, and in some of them also with somatostatinoma. Moreover, HIFα signaling has also been shown to be upregulated in neuroendocrine tumors other than PHEO/PGL. Some of these tumors are components of hereditary tumor syndromes which can be associated with PHEO/PGL, but also in ileal carcinoids or melanoma. HIF signaling appears to be one of the crucial players in tumorigenesis, which could suggest new therapeutic approaches for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.
Properties of main phytoplankton species of the Black Sea, determining the change in their dominance in annual dynamics
Authors: Chekhutskiy Sergey G. , Lifanchuk Anna V.
Published: August 2020

Using mathematical model, we tested three hypotheses of bloom regulation mechanisms for dominant phytoplankton species in the northeastern Black Sea. The model is based on the concept of intracellular regulation using the Droop equation, and values of the model constants that satisfy the conditions of domination are found. The bloom of the small-cell diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima is due to higher specific growth rates than other species in early spring. The half-saturation constants and minimum quotas for mineral nutrition elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) are also relatively high. In late spring and early summer, the bloom of coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is usually recorded. Prerequisites are a low half-saturation constant for nitrogen uptake and minimum quota for this nutrient. The third mechanism gains strength in the summer with the deepening of seasonal thermocline and the dominance of large-cell diatoms. It was shown that for the supremacy of large diatom Proboscia alata, it is necessary to have low half-saturation constants for the phosphorus uptake and minimum quotas for this nutrient.
Role of BNST CRFR1 Receptors in Incubation of Fentanyl Seeking
Authors: Gyawali Utsav , Martin David A. , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Calu Donna J.
Published: August 2020

The time-dependent increase in cue-triggered opioid seeking, termed “incubation of opioid craving,” is modeled in rodents by examining responding for opioid-associated cues after a period of forced abstinence. With opioid drugs, withdrawal symptoms may heighten cue reactivity by recruiting brain systems involved in both reward seeking and stress responses. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical driver of stress-induced relapse to drug seeking. Here, we sought to determine whether BNST CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) signaling drives incubation of opioid craving in opioid dependent and non-dependent rats. First, we tested whether BNST CRFR1 signaling drives incubation of opioid craving in rats with short-access fentanyl self-administration experience (2.5 μg/kg/infusion, 3 h/day for 10 days). On Day 1 of forced abstinence, we gave bilateral intra-BNST vehicle injections to all rats and measured lever responding for opioid cues in the absence of fentanyl infusions. On Day 30 of forced abstinence, we gave an identical test after bilateral intra-BNST injections of vehicle or CRFR1 receptor antagonist, R121919 (1 μg/0.3 μL/hemisphere). Vehicle treated rats showed greater responding for opioid associated cues on Day 30 relative to Day 1, and this incubation effect was prevented by intra-BNST R121919 on Day 30. Next, we incorporated an opioid-dependence procedure to investigate whether BNST CRFR1 signaling drives opioid cue-reactivity to a greater extent in opioid-dependent relative to non-dependent rats. We trained rats to self-administer fentanyl for 5 days before initiating the dependence phase and resuming daily fentanyl self-administration sessions for 10 days. We gave intra-BNST R121919 or vehicle injections before testing during acute (Day 5) or protracted (Day 30) withdrawal. During acute withdrawal, antagonizing BNST CRFR1 decreased the number of press bouts without affecting bout size or duration. These patterns of responding with R121919 treatment resulted in less fentanyl-associated conditioned reinforcement during test. Together, these findings suggest a role for BNST CRFR1 signaling in driving cue-reinforced opioid seeking after periods of forced abstinence.
The UK National Homicide Therapeutic Service: A Retrospective Naturalistic Study Among 929 Bereaved Individuals
Authors: Soydas Suzan , Smid Geert E. , Goodfellow Barbara , Wilson Rachel , Boelen Paul A.
Published: August 2020

Homicidal bereavement puts survivors at risk of developing a broad range of lasting and severe mental health problems. Previous research has often relied on relatively small and homogenous samples. Still, little is known about what factors influence the expression of symptoms following homicidal bereavement. Preventive and curative treatments often do not consider the complex coherence between the emotional, judicial, financial, and societal challenges that likely arise following a homicide. Despite the severity of its consequences on mental health, no gold standard for the preventative and curative treatment of mental health issues in homicide survivors exists. We aimed to introduce a time-limited, traumatic grief-focused outreaching model of care designed specifically for homicide survivors, and to examine its potential effectiveness. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate what factors influence the severity of mental health problems and response to treatment. In the current study, self-reported data on five different outcome measures, namely, symptoms of posttraumatic stress, prolonged grief, depression, anxiety, and functional impairment were available from 929 homicidally bereaved treatment receiving adults. We used Latent Growth Modeling to analyze our repeated measures data and to classify individuals into distinct groups based on individual response patterns. Results showed that the current model of care is likely to be effective in reducing mental health complaints following homicidal bereavement. Having a history of mental illness, being younger of age and female, and having lost either a child or spouse consistently predicted greater symptom severity and functional impairment at baseline. For change in symptom severity and functional impairment during treatment, having a history of mental illness was the only consistent predictor across all outcomes. This study was limited by its reliance on self-reported data and cross-sectional design without a control group. Future prospective, longitudinal research across different cultures is needed in order to replicate the current findings and enhance generalizability. That notwithstanding, findings provide a first step toward evaluating a novel service-delivery approach for homicide survivors and provide further insight in the development of mental health complaints following bereavement by homicide.
Models of the Gene Must Inform Data-Mining Strategies in Genomics
Authors: Huminiecki Łukasz
Published: August 2020

The gene is a fundamental concept of genetics, which emerged with the Mendelian paradigm of heredity at the beginning of the 20th century. However, the concept has since diversified. Somewhat different narratives and models of the gene developed in several sub-disciplines of genetics, that is in classical genetics, population genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and, recently, also, in systems genetics. Here, I ask how the diversity of the concept impacts data-integration and data-mining strategies for bioinformatics, genomics, statistical genetics, and data science. I also consider theoretical background of the concept of the gene in the ideas of empiricism and experimentalism, as well as reductionist and anti-reductionist narratives on the concept. Finally, a few strategies of analysis from published examples of data-mining projects are discussed. Moreover, the examples are re-interpreted in the light of the theoretical material. I argue that the choice of an optimal level of abstraction for the gene is vital for a successful genome analysis.
All Inclusive?! Empirical Insights into Individual Experiences of Students with Disabilities and Mental Disorders at German Universities and Implications for Inclusive Higher Education
Authors: Bartz Janieta
Published: August 2020

In the context of the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the German Rectors’ Conference has expressed the goal of empowering inclusive education at German universities. The German study “beeinträchtigt studieren” from 2018 indicates that the situation of disabled university students needs to be improved (1). The present case study uses a mixed-methods approach to re-examine the situation of disabled students against the background of individual narratives. One important focus is on accessibility in teaching (2). The study shows that students with disabilities have to deal with many special barriers, among them learning environments, learning materials, and attitudes of teachers—a situation that is further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic (3). Given the results, the question arises as to what measures are useful in ensuring that students do not suffer from stigmatizing or discriminatory experiences during their studies (4). There is a need for further training and development of inclusive teaching methods, such as the Universal Design for Learning (5).
Failure Behavior and Damage Characteristics of Coal at Different Depths under Triaxial Unloading Based on Acoustic Emission
Authors: Zhang Anlin , Zhang Ru , Gao Mingzhong , Zhang Zetian , Jia Zheqiang , Zhang Zhaopeng , Zha Ersheng
Published: August 2020

The depth effect of coal mechanical behavior seriously affects the safety and efficiency of deep coal mining. To explore the differences in failure behavior and damage characteristics of coal masses at different depths during the coal mining process, based on the consideration of in situ stress environment, physical properties, and mining disturbance of coal seams, triaxial unloading experiments with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were conducted on coal samples at four different depths taken from the Pingdingshan coal mine area. The results showed that the AE activity of deep coal was more concentrated, and the cumulative AE energy of coal increased with increasing depth. The cumulative AE energy of the 1050-m coal sample was 69 times that of the 300-m coal sample. The b value representing the microcrack scale decreased with increasing depth, and the rupture degree of deep coal increased. The cracking mode of coal was classified and the failure behavior was analyzed. The cumulative tensile crack percentage of coal increased with increasing depth, and the tensile–shear composite failure occurred in the 300-m coal sample, whereas significant tensile failure occurred in the 1050-m coal sample. In addition, the damage evolution process of coal was divided into three stages, and the characteristic stress of coal was obtained. The ratio of crack initiation stress (σci) to peak stress (σc) increased with increasing depth, and the damage evolution process of deep coal was more rapid. The research results can provide useful guidance for disaster prevention and evaluation of surrounding rock stability during deep coal resource mining in the Pingdingshan coal mine area.
Social Media, Quo Vadis? Prospective Development and Implications
Authors: Studen Laura , Tiberius Victor
Published: August 2020

Over the past two decades, social media have become a crucial and omnipresent cultural and economic phenomenon, which has seen platforms come and go and advance technologically. In this study, we explore the further development of social media regarding interactive technologies, platform development, relationships to news media, the activities of institutional and organizational users, and effects of social media on the individual and the society over the next five to ten years by conducting an international, two-stage Delphi study. Our results show that enhanced interaction on platforms, including virtual and augmented reality, somatosensory sense, and touch- and movement-based navigation are expected. AIs will interact with other social media users. Inactive user profiles will outnumber active ones. Platform providers will diversify into the WWW, e-commerce, edu-tech, fintechs, the automobile industry, and HR. They will change to a freemium business model and put more effort into combating cybercrime. Social media will become the predominant news distributor, but fake news will still be problematic. Firms will spend greater amounts of their budgets on social media advertising, and schools, politicians, and the medical sector will increase their social media engagement. Social media use will increasingly lead to individuals’ psychic issues. Society will benefit from economic growth and new jobs, increased political interest, democratic progress, and education due to social media. However, censorship and the energy consumption of platform operators might rise.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Pathway Analysis for Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) Ratio in Chicken
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhu Bo , Wen Jie , Li Qinghe , Zhao Guiping
Published: August 2020

Disease control and prevention have been critical factors in the dramatic growth of the poultry industry. Disease resistance in chickens can be improved through genetic selection for immunocompetence. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) in the blood reflects the immune system status of chickens. Our objective was to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and pathway analysis to identify possible biological mechanisms involved in H/L traits. In this study, GWAS for H/L was performed in 1317 Cobb broilers to identify significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with H/L. Eight SNPs (p < 1/8068) reached a significant level of association. The significant SNP on GGA 19 (chicken chromosome 19) was in the gene for complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP). The wild-type and mutant individuals showed significant differences in H/L at five identified SNPs (p < 0.05). According to the results of pathway analysis, nine associated pathways (p < 0.05) were identified. By combining GWAS with pathway analysis, we found that all SNPs after QC explained 12.4% of the phenotypic variation in H/L, and 52 SNPs associated with H/L explained as much as 9.7% of the phenotypic variation in H/L. Our findings contribute to understanding of the genetic regulation of H/L and provide theoretical support.
Comparing the Trail Users with Trail Non-Users on Physical Activity, Sleep, Mood and Well-Being Index
Authors: Smiley Abbas , Ramos William , Elliott Layne , Wolter Stephen
Published: August 2020

Background: The current study sought to understand whether trail users reported better wellness and health status compared to the non-users, and to recognize the associated factors. Methods: Eight trails from different locations and settings within Indiana were selected to sample trail users for the study. Additionally, areas surrounding these eight trails were included in the study as sample locations for trail non-users. Trail users and non-users were intercepted and asked to participate in a survey including demographics, socioeconomic status, physical activity, mood, smoking, nutrition, and quality of sleep. Information was collected and compared between the trail users and the non-users. Association of self-rated health, age, sex, race, marital status, employment, income, education, smoking, nutrition, sleep, and mood with trail use was evaluated by multivariable linear regression model. Results: The final sample size included 1299 trail users and 228 non-users. Environmental factors (access to nature and scenery) were important incentives for 97% and 95% of trail users, respectively. Age, sex, mood, and sleep quality were significantly associated with using the trail. Mean (SD) self-rated wellness and health out of 10 was 7.6 (1.4) in trail users and 6.5 (1.9) in non-users (p < 0.0001). Importantly, trail users were significantly more physically active outside of the trail compared to the non-users (207 vs. 189 min/week respectively, p = 0.01) and had better sleep qualities and mood scores. Using the trails was significantly associated with higher self-rated wellness and health score. The longer the use of trails, the higher the self-rated wellness and health index (β = 0.016, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Compared to not using the trails, trail use was significantly associated with more physical activity, better sleep quality, and higher self-rated wellness and health.
Barriers Perceived by Managers and Clinical Professionals Related to the Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breastfeeding through the Best Practice Spotlight Organization Program
Authors: Ramos-Morcillo Antonio Jesús , Harillo-Acevedo David , Armero-Barranco David , Leal-Costa César , Moral-García José Enrique , Ruzafa-Martínez María
Published: August 2020

International institutions facilitate the contact of health professionals to evidence-based recommendations for promoting exclusive breast feeding (BF). However, the achievement of good rates of exclusive BF is still far from the optimum. The intention of the present work is to determine the barriers identified by managers and health professionals involved in the implementation and sustainability of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for breastfeeding under the auspices of the Best Practice Spotlight Organization program. A qualitative research study was carried out. The participants were managers, healthcare assistants, nurses, midwives, pediatricians and gynecologists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted which were transcribed and analyzed using the six steps of thematic analysis. Twenty interviews were conducted, which defined four major themes: (1) Lack of resources and their adaptation; (2) Where, Who and How; (3) Dissemination and reach of the project to the professionals; and (4) The mother and her surroundings. This research identifies the barriers perceived by the health professionals involved in the implementation, with the addition of the managers as well. Novel barriers appeared such as the ambivalent role of the midwives and the fact that this CPG is about promoting health. The efforts for promoting the implementation program should be continuous, and the services should be extended to primary care.
A Simplified Questionnaire for the Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic Intake in a Japanese Population
Authors: Yoshinaga Jun , Serizawa Yuki , Suzuki Shota , Al Amin Md Hasan , Yamada Naoko , Narukawa Tomohiro
Published: August 2020

A simplified questionnaire was developed to assess inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake level in a Japanese population. The two page questionnaire included photographs of single serving sizes of rice and cooked hijiki (Hizikia fusiforme: brown algae), and asked subjects about the number of servings of rice and cooked hijiki, two predominant dietary sources of iAs in Japan, they consume in a day. Daily intake of iAs was estimated for 72 Japanese subjects using the questionnaire together with data of iAs content in rice and hijiki seaweed, and the estimated intakes were compared with actual iAs intakes of the subjects as measured for a duplicate diet using liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A highly significant correlation was found between the estimated and measured intakes (r = 0.65, p < 0.001); however, the slope of regression indicated a systematic error in the intake estimation. Possible sources of error are discussed herein. It was concluded that this approach is promising if minor improvements are made to the questionnaire.
Perceptions, Predictors of and Motivation for Quitting among Smokers from Six European Countries from 2016 to 2018: Findings from EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Authors: Girvalaki Charis , Filippidis Filippos , Kyriakos Christina , Driezen Pete , Herbeć Aleksandra , Mons Ute , Papadakis Sophia , Mechili Enkeleint , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Przewoźniak Krzysztof , Fernández Esteve , Trofor Antigona , Demjén Tibor , Fong Geoffrey , Vardavas Constantine ,   on behalf of the EUREST-PLUS Consortium
Published: August 2020

The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) was introduced in 2016 in an effort to decrease prevalence of smoking and increase cessation in the European Union (EU). This study aimed to explore quitting behaviours, motivation, reasons and perceptions about quitting, as well as predictors (reported before the TPD implementation) associated with post-TPD quit status. A cohort study was conducted involving adult smokers from six EU countries (n = 3195). Data collection occurred pre-(Wave 1; 2016) and post-(Wave 2; 2018) TPD implementation. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of weighted data were conducted. Within this cohort sample, 415 (13.0%) respondents reported quitting at Wave 2. Predictors of quitting were moderate or high education, fewer cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, a past quit attempt, lower level of perceived addiction, plans for quitting and the presence of a smoking-related comorbidity. Health concerns, price of cigarettes and being a good example for children were among the most important reasons that predicted being a quitter at Wave 2. Our findings show that the factors influencing decisions about quitting may be shared among European countries. European policy and the revised version of TPD could emphasise these factors through health warnings and/or campaigns and other policies.
Characterization of Home Working Population during COVID-19 Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Moretti Antimo , Menna Fabrizio , Aulicino Milena , Paoletta Marco , Liguori Sara , Iolascon Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Evidence about the characterization of home workers in terms of both work-related outcomes and health issues is lacking. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of home working on perceived job productivity and satisfaction, work-related stress, and musculoskeletal (MSK) issues. We included 51 mobile workers, collecting data about demographic characteristics, working experience, job productivity, and stress. Job satisfaction was assessed through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), while MSK pain was investigated by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Moreover, a home workplace analysis had to be carried out according to current Italian regulations. Participants declared that they were less productive (39.2%) but less stressed (39.2%) and equally satisfied (51%) compared to the time of office working. Regarding MSK disorders, low back pain (LBP) was referred by 41.2% of home workers and neck pain by 23.5% of them. Neck pain worsened in 50% of home workers, while LBP did not exacerbate in 47.6% of cases. Home workers with MSK pain reported a lower job satisfaction. Depending on our data, the home environment seems to be not adequate in the mobile worker population, with an increased risk for mental health and MSK problems, particularly affecting the spine. Addressing these issues can significantly reduce risks for health, thus, improving job productivity and satisfaction and reducing cost.
“Dreaming Undreamt Dreams” in Psychological Counseling with Italian Women Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence: A Phenomenological-Interpretative Analysis of the Psychologists’ Experience
Authors: Margherita Giorgia , Troisi Gina , Incitti Maria Ilaria
Published: August 2020

In psychological consultations with women who survive Intimate Partner Violence, it is essential to work on elaboration of the trauma as a complex trauma within the context of a relationship. We consider dreams to be a symbolic-representative process, which requires the right psychic, relational and contextual conditions to occur, and that is hindered when trauma is present. The objective of the present study is to investigate the meanings that psychologists working at anti-violence centers attribute to the clinical intervention with women victims of IPV, with a focus on the area of sleep and dreaming in a traumatic experience, and in the clinical work on the trauma. Twelve female psychologists were interviewed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodology. From the analysis of the interviews, three main themes emerged: (1) Day and night, neither awake nor asleep, (2) Anti Violence Centers: setting as a container of emotion? and (3) dreaming undreamt dreams. The study highlights the importance of dreams as an indicator not only of psychic and mental functioning but also of the psychological relationship within a specific context.
Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016
Authors: Jeong Jihyun , Yun Sang-moon , Kim Minkyeong , Koh Young Ho
Published: August 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, although the mortality rate has declined with improved technology and risk factor control. The incidence rate of stroke, one of the CVDs, is increasing in young adults, whereas it is decreasing in the elderly. The risk factors for CVD may differ between young adults and the elderly. Previous studies have suggested that cadmium was a potential CVD risk factor in the overall and middle-aged to elderly populations. We assessed the associations between cadmium and CVD events in the Korean population aged 20–59 years using the 2008–2013 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a population-based cross-sectional study. Among 10,626 participants aged 20–59 years, those with high blood cadmium (BCd) level (>1.874 µg/L, 90th percentile) were higher associated with stroke and hypertension (stroke: odds ratio (OR), 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–5.56; hypertension: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20–1.76). The strongest association between high blood cadmium concentrations and hypertension was among current smokers. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was not associated with high blood cadmium level. These findings suggest that high blood cadmium levels may be associated with prevalent stroke and hypertension in the Korean population under 60 years of age.
Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children
Authors: Ragusa Marco , Santagati Maria , Mirabella Federica , Lauretta Giovanni , Cirnigliaro Matilde , Brex Duilia , Barbagallo Cristina , Domini Carla Noemi , Gulisano Mariangela , Barone Rita , Trovato Laura , Oliveri Salvatore , Mongelli Gino , Spitale Ambra , Barbagallo Davide , Di Pietro Cinzia , Stefani Stefania , Rizzo Renata , Purrello Michele
Published: August 2020

Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.
TRPV1 Hyperfunction Involved in Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Renal Tubular Damage
Authors: Lu Chien-Lin , Liao Chun-Hou , Lu Kuo-Cheng , Ma Ming-Chieh
Published: August 2020

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is accumulated during severe renal insufficiency and known for its nephrotoxic properties. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is present in the kidney and acts as a renal sensor. However, the mechanism underlying IS-mediated renal tubular damage in view of TRPV1 is lacking. Here, we demonstrated that TRPV1 was expressed in tubular cells of Lilly Laboratories cell-porcine kidney 1 (LLC-PK1) and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). IS treatment in both cells exhibited tubular damage with increased LDH release and reduced cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. MDCK, however, was more vulnerable to IS. We, therefore, investigated MDCK cells to explore a more detailed mechanism. Interestingly, IS-induced tubular damage was markedly attenuated in the presence of selective TRPV1 blockers. IS showed no effect on TRPV1 expression but significantly increased arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) protein, mRNA expression, and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) amounts in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the ALOX12/12(S)-HETE pathway induced TRPV1 hyperfunction in IS-mediated tubulotoxicity. Blockade of ALOX12 by cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate or baicalein attenuated the effects of IS. Since aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation after IS binding is crucial in mediating cell death, here, we found that the AhR blockade not only ameliorated tubular damage but also attenuated ALOX12 expression and 12(S)-HETE production caused by IS. The uremic toxic adsorbent AST-120, however, showed little effect on ALOX12 and 12(S)-HETE, as well as IS-induced cell damage. These results clearly indicated that IS activated AhR and then upregulated ALOX12, and this induced endovanilloid 12(S)-HETE synthesis and contributed to TRPV1 hyperfunction in IS-treated tubular cells. Further study on TRPV1 may attenuate kidney susceptibility to the functional loss of end-stage kidney disease via IS.