bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mountains to climb: Leadership for sustainable change in scholarly communication
Authors: Cawthorne Jon E.
Published: September 2020

We live in complex, challenging times. In March 2020 a novel coronavirus called COVID-19 transformed our lives. Then, several months into shelter-in-place orders for the virus, George Floyd was killed in police custody. For weeks we saw Black Lives Matter protests around the world demanding change. Floyd’s death inspired new, open discussions about oppression, systemic racism, and the current and historical injustices faced by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).
Antiracism in the catalog: An analysis of records
Authors: Hobart Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

As people seek to learn more about race, bookstores have begun selling out of books on antiracism. These titles are, of course, also available in libraries, but can be difficult to locate in the catalog. Patrons will be able to find them through known title searches, but the catalog should go beyond this.The first user task in the “Library Reference Model” is to find, defined as “to bring together information about one or more resources of interest by searching on any relevant criteria.” Ideally, a patron should be able to search terms such as racism or antiracism in the library’s catalog and find a comprehensive list of titles on the topic or start with a known title and find other, related works. However, catalog records often fall short due to lack of appropriate keywords or subject headings. When a patron is ready to move beyond recommended reading lists and discover new books, will the library catalog aid in discovery?
Beyond the bathroom wars: Increasing gender-free restroom access in libraries
Authors: Colburn Selene
Published: September 2020

In May 2016, protesters affiliated with the student organization Justice for Queer and Trans Students occupied the University of Vermont’s (UVM) Dean of Libraries’ office to demand that the David W. Howe Memorial Library (then known as the Bailey/Howe Library) immediately convert select gender-segregated restrooms—meaning those labeled for use for only men or only women—to gender-free restrooms to accommodate the needs of trans and gender non-conforming students during spring finals week. The protest followed the delivery of a petition with more than 1,000 signatures seeking change, as well as ongoing conversations between the libraries and student activists. Student organizer Lindsey “Z.” McCarron told The Vermont Cynic, “This is an immediate and real need that is affecting people’s health and safety every day.”
Factors influencing career preparation behavior of nursing students: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Seon Nyeo , Bang Mi Sun , Shin Hae Yoon , Sohn Sue-Kyung
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review and conduct meta-analysis on factors affecting career preparation behavior of Korean nursing students.Methods: Related articles published in Korean and English were collected based on search terms and converted into a numerical database. Data extraction, quality assessment and analysis including a systematic review and meta-analysis were completed.Results: The review included 27 studies. There were 25 factors influencing career preparation behavior of Korean nursing students. Factors were categorized into four sub-factors: personal, contextual, cognitive-emotional, and goal-related. In the meta-analysis of 27 articles the total effect size (ESr) was .34. The effect sizes of the four sub-factors were .37 for individual factors, .25 for situation factors, .34 for cognitive and emotional factors, and .41 for target factors. The main factors were .53 for career-related efficacy, .43 for self-leadership, and .43 for career decision level.Conclusion: Nursing students with high career-related efficacy and self-leadership are more likely to demonstrate career preparation behavior. Based on these results, educational institutions for nursing students must improve students’ self-leadership and career effectiveness through education so that they can set career goals.
The effect of clinical practice belonging, satisfaction with major, and work values on career identity of nursing students
Authors: Kim Chang Hee , Kim Jung Yee
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This exploratory study aims to identify the influence of clinical practice belonging, satisfaction with major, and work values on the level of career identity among nursing students.Methods: The subjects of this study are 251 senior students from three nursing departments located in a metropolitan city. Using SPSS 22.0, the study uses technical statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis.Results: The average scores for clinical practice belonging, satisfaction with major, and work values were 3.61, 3.87, and 3.70 out of 5.00, respectively, and 2.85 out of 4.00 for career identity. The factors affecting students' career identity were clinical practice belonging, aptitude, satisfaction with clinical practice, satisfaction with major, indoor work, service and employment at hospitals with 40 percent being explained by these variables.Conclusion: Through this study we found that clinical practice belonging has the greatest impact on career identity. In order to enhance clinical practice belonging, universities and clinical institutions need to develop new programs and curricula.
Validity and reliability of Korean version of the Grit Scale for Korean nursing students
Authors: Song Hyo-Suk , Lim So-Hee
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea.Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability.Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument.Conclusion: This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.
A digital generation? The influence of the family on adolescents’ media experience
Authors: Ponte Cristina
Published: September 2020

Starting from the place of the media in definitions of “generation”, this article discusses the expression “digital generation” in relation to those born in the last two decades, with attention being paid to access and usage, national contexts and the family relationship. Discussion of the digital differentiation of the youngest members of Portuguese society is based on transnational research that allows us a comparative view. Recent results for Portugal in a European survey of internet access and usage among children and adolescents (aged 9-16 years) precede analyses of the life histories and media diets of adolescents (15-17 years) and their parents.
Between Scylla and Charybdis: Margaret Archer’s social realism
Authors: Oliveira Nuno
Published: September 2020

This article aims to compare Archer’s theoretical proposals with those of Giddens or, more precisely, to read Giddens through Archer and vice versa, in a deliberate dialogical attempt that never reaches — and never tries to reach — a synthesis. It is intended, through this comparison, to cast light on certain logical articulations between the two paradigms that may delineate the strengths and weaknesses of social realism as conceived by Archer. For this reason, we put forward three vectors of analysis, through which to set the two approaches against each other: the ontological, systemic and actionalist axes. We conclude by suggesting that certain key proposals in the theory of structuration cannot be neglected, on pain of a theory of morphogenesis falling into a spurious internalism that runs the risk of slipping towards a reductive vision of the articulation between personal emerging capacities and structural emerging properties.
Youth, precarity and the future: undergraduate housing transitions in Portugal during the economic crisis
Authors: Cairns David
Published: September 2020

This article examines the housing transitions of young people studying at universities in Lisbon, Portugal. With Portuguese youth already staying within the parental home for prolonged periods, the present discussion asks if the economic crisis is likely to make a further impact upon the housing behaviour of respondents. Issues explored include housing decision-making, involvement in domestic tasks and support received from parents. The results confirm that the majority of these young people intend to prolong their stays in the parental home due to the crisis, with their housing choices strongly linked to financial considerations and employment stability.
Social classes matter no more? Advocacy and social reproduction
Authors: Chaves Miguel , Nunes João Sedas
Published: September 2020

Internationally, advocacy has known a significant growth in the last decades, breeding herein the professionals the perception that there has been a wide dismantlement of the constraints which regulated the access to the profession and, within, the most capitalized positions. Making a study based upon the Portuguese advocacy its keystone, the fallacy of this idea will be uncovered — advocacy’s inner segmentation today allows it to remain a topos of the reproduction of the dominant classes. It will also be stressed that the mechanisms that steer this process contribute to conceal it, for they tend to be shorten to factors rooted in an asocial conception of the individual merit.
A sociological assessment of conjugal conflict
Authors: Giudici Francesco , Widmer Eric , Ghisletta Paolo
Published: September 2020

A sociological explanation of conjugal conflict was often stressed but seldom empirically tested. Based on a two-wave longitudinal dataset of 1534 women in heterosexual relationships, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) to measure the impact of the division of household labor, individualism and conjugal closure on the likelihood of conjugal conflicts. Results indicate that conjugal individualism has a major impact, division of household labor a minor impact, and conjugal closure no impact, on conjugal conflict. Results are discussed in the light of current sociological debates on partnerships.
Too Much Information
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: September 2020

Bestselling author and recipient of the 2018 Holberg Prize, Cass R. Sunstein, explores how more information can make us happy or miserable, and why we sometimes avoid it—but sometimes seek it out.

How much information is too much? Do we need to know how many calories are in the giant vat of popcorn that we bought on our way into the movie theater? Do we want to know if we are genetically predisposed to a certain disease? Can we do anything useful with next week's weather forecast for Paris if we are not in Paris? In Too Much Information, Cass Sunstein examines the effects of information on our lives. Policymakers emphasize “the right to know,” but Sunstein takes a different perspective, arguing that the focus should be on human well-being and what information contributes to it. Government should require companies, employers, hospitals, and others to disclose information not because of a general “right to know” but when the information in question would significantly improve people's lives.
Why is cyclic dominance so rare?
Authors: Park Hye Jin , Pichugin Yuriy , Traulsen Arne
Published: September 2020

Natural populations can contain multiple types of coexisting individuals. How does natural selection maintain such diversity within and across populations? A popular theoretical basis for the maintenance of diversity is cyclic dominance, illustrated by the rock-paper-scissor game. However, it appears difficult to find cyclic dominance in nature. Why is this the case? Focusing on continuously produced novel mutations, we theoretically addressed the rareness of cyclic dominance. We developed a model of an evolving population and studied the formation of cyclic dominance. Our results showed that the chance for cyclic dominance to emerge is lower when the newly introduced type is similar to existing types compared to the introduction of an unrelated type. This suggests that cyclic dominance is more likely to evolve through the assembly of unrelated types whereas it rarely evolves within a community of similar types.
Expression profile analysis to predict potential biomarkers for glaucoma: BMP1, DMD and GEM
Authors: Zhang Dao wei , Zhang Shenghai , Wu Jihong
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Glaucoma is the second commonest cause of blindness. We assessed the gene expression profile of astrocytes in the optic nerve head to identify possible prognostic biomarkers for glaucoma.

Method

A total of 20 patient and nine normal control subject samples were derived from the GSE9944 (six normal samples and 13 patient samples) and GSE2378 (three normal samples and seven patient samples) datasets, screened by microarray-tested optic nerve head tissues, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify coexpressed gene modules. We also performed a functional enrichment analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Genes expression was represented by boxplots, functional geneset enrichment analyses (GSEA) were used to profile the expression patterns of all the key genes. Then the key genes were validated by the external dataset.

Results

A total 8,606 genes and 19 human optic nerve head samples taken from glaucoma patients in the GSE9944 were compared with normal control samples to construct the co-expression gene modules. After selecting the most common clinical traits of glaucoma, their association with gene expression was established, which sorted two modules showing greatest correlations. One with the correlation coefficient is 0.56 (P = 0.01) and the other with the correlation coefficient is −0.56 (P = 0.01). Hub genes of these modules were identified using scatterplots of gene significance versus module membership. A functional enrichment analysis showed that the former module was mainly enriched in genes involved in cellular inflammation and injury, whereas the latter was mainly enriched in genes involved in tissue homeostasis and physiological processes. This suggests that genes in the green–yellow module may play critical roles in the onset and development of glaucoma. A LASSO regression analysis identified three hub genes: Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 gene (BMP1), Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene (DMD) and mitogens induced GTP-binding protein gene (GEM). The expression levels of the three genes in the glaucoma group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. GSEA further illuminated that BMP1, DMD and GEM participated in the occurrence and development of some important metabolic progresses. Using the GSE2378 dataset, we confirmed the high validity of the model, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 85%.

Conclusion

We identified several key genes, including BMP1, DMD and GEM, that may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Our results may help to determine the prognosis of glaucoma and/or to design gene- or molecule-targeted drugs.
Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) Leaf Powder Modulates Metabolism of Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Achiri Tange Denis , Agbor Eta Carine , Anye Ateh Marie , Abdulai Assan N. , Nsobinenyui Divine , Jallow Mamudou
Published: September 2020

Aims: Maize grains are severely damaged by maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. Exploiting botanicals against synthetic insecticides as a control strategy has gained prominence in recent decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) to exert some control on S. zeamais.

Methodology: Maize and S. zeamais were collected from Muea market in Buea, Cameroon. The maize was heat sterilized and all debris removed. Sitophilus zeamais was reared for three generations before use. Ten S. zeamais were stored with 100 g of maize and 0 g, 2 g, 5 g, and 10 g of shade-dried cypress leaf powder was added in three replicates. Data was collected weekly for 5 weeks and analysis of variance was done. The study was conducted in a laboratory of the Teaching and Research farm in the University of Buea, Cameroon, in a randomized complete design.

Results: Mortality of S. zeamais was significantly affected (F = 126.67, df = 3, 8, p < .001) by different doses of cypress leaf powder. The mean mortality was 0%, 40.47%, 50.6% and 70.67% for control, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g of cypress leaf powder, respectively. Grain damaged (%) and holed grain were also influenced by cypress leaf powder. The highest grain damaged and holed grain were from the control treatment. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.814, p < .001) was observed between grain damaged and holed grain while a strong negative correlation was observed between mortality and holed grain (r = -0.926, p < .001), and grain damaged (r = -0.913, p < .001).

Conclusion: It is revealed that cypress leaf powder can alter some metabolic activities of S. zeamais, thus it can play a role in an integrated pest management program (IPM) of S. zeamais in maize storage.
Awareness, Knowledge and Adaptation Practices of Farm Women in Relation to Climate Change in Northern Transitional Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Channal Geeta P. , Rayangoudar Rekha , Patil Supriya P.
Published: September 2020

Anthropogenic climate change is the topmost contemporary global issue. Climate change can potentially upset the rhythm of nature threatening the very existence of life on earth. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre-industrial era, driven largely by economic and population growth, and are now higher than ever. Their effects, together with those of other anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and are extremely likely to have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. Further, relative to 1986-2015, warming is projected between 2.6 to 4.8°C under RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) by the end of 21st century. So, climate change is the biggest threat to agriculture in countries around the globe as well as in India. Farmers in India are not fully aware of climate change and its indicators, causes, and impacts. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the awareness level, knowledge and adaptation practices of farm women regarding climate change. This study was conducted during 2018-19 under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Home Science in Sulla village of Dharwad district. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 farm women in the village. A pre tested interview schedule was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the data. The study revealed that all of the respondents were not aware about the increase in melting of glacier, cold wave and frequent flood. It was observed from the study that, 36 per cent of the farm women belonged to low category of awareness on indicators on climate change. It was also noticed that all of the women were not aware about changes in farming system in present climate condition. Results show that women were not aware about rapid urbanization, use of pesticides, natural disaster, burning of fossils and farm waste, use of electrical appliances and global warming as the causes of climate change. Moreover, all of the women adopted change in planting calendar, adoption of crop rotation and adoption of intercropping.
Direct Characterization of Atomically Dispersed Catalysts: Nitrogen‐Coordinated Ni Sites in Carbon‐Based Materials for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Koshy David M. , Landers Alan T. , Cullen David A. , Ievlev Anton V. , Meyer Harry M. , Hahn Christopher , Bao Zhenan , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: September 2020

Metal, nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have attracted interest as heterogenous catalysts that contain MNx active sites that are analogous to molecular catalysts. Of particular interest is Ni,N‐doped carbon, a catalyst that is active for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. Critical to the understanding of these materials is proof of single atomic sites and characterization of the environment surrounding the metal atom; however, directly probing this coordination remains challenging. This challenge is addressed by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), single atom electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). Through STEM imaging, atomic dispersion of Ni in the carbon framework is confirmed and image analyses are utilized to give semiquantitative estimates of neighbor distance distributions and site densities of Ni atoms. Atomic resolution EELS demonstrates that N and Ni are colocated at the single Ni atom sites suggesting Ni–N coordination. ToF‐SIMS reveals a distribution of NiNxCy− fragments that reflect the Ni–N bonding environments within Ni,N‐doped carbon. The fragmentation from Ni,N‐doped carbon is similar to Ni phthalocyanine, suggesting the existence of heterogenized, molecular‐like NiN4 active sites which motivates future studies that leverage insight from molecular catalysis design to develop next‐generation heterogeneous catalysts.
Machine learning corrected alchemical perturbation density functional theory for catalysis applications
Authors: Griego Charles D. , Zhao Lingyan , Saravanan Karthikeyan , Keith John A.
Published: September 2020

Alchemical perturbation density functional theory (APDFT) has promise for enabling computational screening of hypothetical catalyst sites. Here, we analyze errors in first order APDFT calculation schemes for binding energies of CHx, NHx, OHx, and OOH adsorbates over a range of different coverages on hypothetical alloys based on a Pt(111) reference system. We then train three different support vector regression machine learning models that correct systematic APDFT prediction errors for each of the three classes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen based adsorbates. While uncorrected first order APDFT alone approximates accurate adsorbate binding energies on up to 36 hypothetical alloys based on a single Kohn–Sham DFT calculation on a 3 × 3 unit cell for Pt(111), the machine learning‐corrected APDFT extends this number to more than 20,000 and provides a recipe for developing other machine learning‐based APDFT models.
Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953): Mendeleev's Protege, a Brilliant Scientist, and the Top Soviet Chemist of the Stalin Era
Authors: Beloglazkina Elena K. , Bogatova Tatiana V. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: September 2020

This Essay outlines the life path and scientific achievements of Nikolai Zelinsky to testify to his contributions to organic chemistry, catalysis, and petrochemistry. His legacy includes four name reactions (the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction, 1887; the Zelinsky–Stadnikov reaction, 1906; Zelinsky irreversible catalysis, 1911; the Zelinsky–Kazansky acetylene trimerization, 1924), pioneering contributions to the main oil‐refining processes (thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, and oxidative regeneration of coked catalysts), the coal gas mask, Pd/C and other supported catalysts, and a very large scientific school.
A Bis‐Acridinium Macrocycle as Multi‐Responsive Receptor and Selective Phase‐Transfer Agent of Perylene
Authors: Hu Johnny , Ward Jas S. , Chaumont Alain , Rissanen Kari , Vincent Jean‐Marc , Heitz Valérie , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre
Published: September 2020

A bis‐acridinium cyclophane incorporating switchable acridinium moieties linked by a 3,5‐dipyridylanisole spacer was studied as a multi‐responsive host for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon guests. Complexation of perylene was shown to be the most effective and was characterized in particular by a charge‐transfer band as signal output. Effective catch and release of the guest was triggered by both chemical (proton/hydroxide) and redox stimuli. Moreover, the dicationic host was also easily switched between organic and perfluorocarbon phases for applications related to the enrichment of perylene from a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Conductive and Elastic TiO2 Nanofibrous Aerogels: A New Concept toward Self‐Supported Electrocatalysts with Superior Activity and Durability
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Yan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Song Jun , Si Yang , Yan Jianhua , Ma Chunlan , Liu Yi‐Tao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: September 2020

Recently, various titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have received increasing attention in the fields of energy conversion and storage owing to their electrochemical properties. However, these particulate nanomaterials exclusively exist in the powder form, which may cause health risks and environmental hazards. Herein we report a novel, highly elastic bulk form of TiO2 for safe use and easy recycling. Specifically, TiO2 nanofibrous aerogels (NAs) consisting of resiliently bonded, flexible TiO2 nanofibers are constructed, which have an ultralow bulk density, ultrahigh porosity, and excellent elasticity. To promote charge transfer, they are subjected to lithium reduction to generate abundant oxygen vacancies, which can modulate the electronic structure of TiO2, resulting in a conductivity up to 38.2 mS cm−1. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the conductive and elastic TiO2 NAs serve as a new type of self‐supported electrocatalyst for ambient nitrogen fixation, achieving an ammonia yield of 4.19×10−10 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 20.3 %. The origin of the electrocatalytic activity is revealed by DFT calculations.
Molecular Vanadium Oxides for Energy Conversion and Energy Storage: Current Trends and Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Anjass Montaha , Lowe Grace A. , Streb Carsten
Published: September 2020

Molecular vanadium oxides, or polyoxovanadates (POVs), have recently emerged as a new class of molecular energy conversion/storage materials, which combine diverse, chemically tunable redox behavior and reversible multielectron storage capabilities. This Review explores current challenges, major breakthroughs, and future opportunities in the use of POVs for energy conversion and storage. The reactivity, advantages, and limitations of POVs are explored, with a focus on their use in lithium and post‐lithium‐ion batteries, redox‐flow batteries, and light‐driven energy conversion. Finally, emerging themes and new research directions are critically assessed to provide inspiration for how this promising materials class can advance research in sustainable energy technologies.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane from Norbornadiene: Mechanism of the Cage Assembly and Post‐synthetic Functionalization
Authors: Zieliński Adam , Marset Xavier , Golz Christopher , Wolf Lawrence M. , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: September 2020

A selective and scalable two‐step approach to the dimerization of norbornadiene (NBD) into its thermodynamically most stable dimer, heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane, (HCTD) is reported. Calculations indicate that the reaction starts with the Rh‐catalyzed stepwise homo Diels–Alder cyclisation of NBD into its exo‐cis‐endo dimer. Treatment of this compound with acid promotes its evolution to HCTD via a [1,2]‐sigmatropic rearrangement. The assemblies of 7,12‐disubstituted cages from 7‐(alkyl/aryl) NBDs, as well as the selective post‐synthetic C−H functionalization of the core HCTD scaffold at position C1, or positions C1 and C4 are described.
Economizing on Precious Metals in Three‐Way Catalysts: Thermally Stable and Highly Active Single‐Atom Rhodium on Ceria for NO Abatement under Dry and Industrially Relevant Conditions**
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Vargas Carlos Garcia , Tian Jinshu , Kovarik Libor , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Szanyi Janos , Wang Yong
Published: September 2020

We show for the first time that atomically dispersed Rh cations on ceria, prepared by a high‐temperature atom‐trapping synthesis, are the active species for the (CO+NO) reaction. This provides a direct link with the organometallic homogeneous RhIcomplexes capable of catalyzing the dry (CO+NO) reaction. The thermally stable Rh cations in 0.1 wt % Rh1/CeO2achieve full NO conversion with a turn‐over‐frequency (TOF) of around 330 h−1per Rh atom at 120 °C. Under dry conditions, the main product above 100 °C is N2with N2O being the minor product. The presence of water promotes low‐temperature activity of 0.1 wt % Rh1/CeO2. In the wet stream, ammonia and nitrogen are the main products above 120 °C. The uniformity of Rh ions on the support, allows us to detect the intermediates of (CO+NO) reaction via IR measurements on Rh cations on zeolite and ceria. We also show that NH3formation correlates with the water gas shift (WGS) activity of the material and detect the formation of Rh hydride species spectroscopically.
A comparative study on the clinical features of COVID‐19 with non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viral infections
Authors: Tan Jing Yuan , Sim Xiang Ying Jean , Wee Liang En , Chua Ying‐Ying , Cherng Benjamin Pei Zhi , Ng Ian Matthias , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Wong Tzu‐Jung , Yang Yong , Aung May Kyawt , Ling Moi Lin , Venkatachalam Indumathi
Published: September 2020

During this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, physicians have the important task of risk stratifying patients who present with acute respiratory illnesses. Clinical presentation of COVID‐19, however, can be difficult to distinguish from other respiratory viral infections. Thus, identifying clinical features that are strongly associated with COVID‐19 in comparison to other respiratory viruses can aid risk stratification and testing prioritization especially in situations where resources for virological testing and resources for isolation facilities are limited. In our retrospective cohort study comparing the clinical presentation of COVID‐19 and other respiratory viral infections, we found that anosmia and dysgeusia were symptoms independently associated with COVID‐19 and can be important differentiating symptoms in patients presenting with acute respiratory illness. On the other hand, laboratory abnormalities and radiological findings were not statistically different between the two groups. In comparing outcomes, patients with COVID‐19 were more likely to need high dependency or intensive care unit care and had a longer median length of stay. With our findings, we emphasize that epidemiological risk factors and clinical symptoms are more useful than laboratory and radiological abnormalities in differentiating COVID‐19 from other respiratory viral infections.
Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound to Identify Landmarks of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Bustamante Sergio , Bajracharya Gausan Ratna , Cheruku Shravan , Leung Steve , Mao Guangmai , Singh Asha , Mamoun Negmeldeen
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The inability to identify landmarks is an absolute contraindication for intraosseous access. The feasibility of landmark identification using ultrasound (US) has been demonstrated on human cadavers. We aimed to study the feasibility of point‐of‐care US in identifying proximal humerus landmarks in living human patients.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study conducted from May 3 to June 7, 2017, after approval from the Institutional Review Board at the Cleveland Clinic. Sixty upper extremities of 30 consenting participants across 3 distinct body mass index (BMI) groups (normal, obese, and morbidly obese) were alternately examined with a 12 L‐RS linear US transducer (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) by 2 investigators. Six anatomic landmarks were identified: the humeral shaft, the surgical neck of the humerus, the lesser tubercle, the greater tubercle, the inter tubercular sulcus, and the target site for needle insertion on the greater tubercle. Rates of successful identification of all 6 landmarks as defined by independent agreement between the investigators were reported as estimated incidence rates with 95% bootstrap confidence interval (CI) sampling at the participant level.

Results

Ultrasound had an overall success rate of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.95) in identifying all 6 landmarks with slight variability among various BMI groups. After excluding the surgical neck, the overall success rate improved to 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87–0.98), with minimum variability across BMI groups and no change in the ability to identify the target site.

Conclusions

Ultrasound is reliable in identifying proximal humerus intraosseous landmarks, with reasonable accuracy across various BMI groups.
Development and Characterization of Ultrasound Activated Lipopolyplexes for Enhanced Transfection by Low Frequency Ultrasound in In Vitro Tumor Model
Authors: Shah Hirva , Tariq Imran , Engelhardt Konrad , Bakowsky Udo , Pinnapireddy Shashank Reddy
Published: September 2020

This work focuses on the development of ultrasound contrast vesicles for ultrasound‐mediated enhanced transfection of nucleic acids in the cancer cells and projects its application as a tool for diagnostic imaging. The ultrasound contrast vesicles are stable, anionic, nanoscaled vesicles with ultrasound contrast equivalent to the commercially available SonoVue. These anionic lipid vesicles establish electrostatic interaction with cationic polyplexes based on linear polyethylenimine (22kDa) forming lipopolyplexes with ultrasound contrast. The lipopolyplexes are characterized regarding shape, size, and zeta potential. When exposed to low frequency ultrasound, these carriers show elevated transfection efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity. The effect of post‐transfection ultrasound on cellular uptake of lipopolyplexes is also evaluated. An analogous transfection is also observed in the tumor mimicking multicellular 3D spheroid culture of ovarian cancer cells. The emergence of tumor imaging and enhanced gene delivery by medical ultrasound, a noninvasive imaging modality, is considered paving the way for efficient theranostic gene therapy.
Perception and purchase behavior of young Indian consumers towards Chinese products under the backdrop of their economic and political rivalry
Authors: Sengupta Angan
Published: September 2020

Objective

This study examines the impact of perceptions of young Indian adults about Chinese products in Indian markets upon their purchase behavior, especially after the border conflict in Doklam.

Methodology

We have analyzed data collected from a randomly selected sample of 339 educated urban individuals (18–40 years). Binary logistic regression was conducted to estimate the likelihood of buying Chinese products given their level of acceptance among those respondents who are aware of the Indo‐China conflict.

Findings

Young Indians mainly focus on quality and price while purchasing a product, and not the country‐of‐origin (COO). Those who took the social media messages to ban Chinese products seriously, concerned about the dominance of Chinese products in the Indian market, and check if the COO is China demonstrate significantly aversive purchase intention towards Chinese products. On the contrary, the odds of purchase decision making getting influenced by Indo‐China conflict is significantly lower for them who have some preference for Chinese products over its Indian substitutes.

Conclusions

Feeling of animosity does not result in considerable hostility against the willingness to buy Chinese products, when price, quality, brand awareness, and non‐availability of appropriate Indian substitutes matter more. However, if the sense of animosity is utilized well, Indian manufacturers, especially the MSME sectors, can gain entrepreneurial opportunities and mileage.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Metal Ion Batteries: A Current Review
Authors: Wang Zhaolei , Jin Weize , Huang Xiaoyu , Lu Guolin , Li Yongjun
Published: September 2020

As the world moves toward electromobility, our daily lives are flooded with variety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and the concerns of cost, safety and environmental friendliness of LIBs spring up in the minds of scientists. Although organic electrodes have been considered as promising alternatives to their inorganic counterparts, some intrinsic weaknesses still plague scientists, such as high solubility, low conductivity and sluggish ion diffusion. The emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) attracts our attention because of their robust networks and open pores that could facilitate the infiltration of electrolyte ions when used as electrodes for metal‐ion batteries (MIBs). In this review, we summarized the recent progress of COFs as electrode materials, and the strategies toward enhancing electrochemical performance of COF‐based electrode in MIBs are discussed. Hopefully, this review will provide a fundamental guidance for future development of COF‐based electrodes.
An Essay on Humble Economics
Authors: Hardt Łukasz
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this essay is to show that the departure from the Walrasian branch of neoclassical economics could lead to conceptualization of economics as a humble science, i.e. a science that is aware of its explanatory capabilities, but also convinced that discovering unambiguous regularities is not possible. Humble economics does not claim the power of formulating explanations which will not need further justification. It is based on an ontology of potentialities where one does not find laws, but capacities, tendencies, natures, and Aristotelian dynameis. It is based on the recognition that there is an irremovable mystery inherent in the functioning of the economy.
What Is Economics for?
Authors: Hogan Brendan
Published: September 2020

The methodological foundations of any scientific discipline are shaped by the goals towards which that discipline is aiming. While it is almost universally accepted that the goals of explanation and prediction of natural and non-human phenomena have been met with great success since the scientific revolution, it is almost just as universally accepted that the social sciences have not even come close to achieving these goals. This raises the question addressed in this paper, namely, what is economics, and social science more broadly speaking, for? What is their aim, and how is it similar and dissimilar to that of the natural sciences as we have come to classify them? I take up this question from a pragmatic perspective in this paper, setting economics within the wider context of social inquiry. Specifically, I turn to Hilary Putnam and John Dewey as exemplars of the pragmatic critique of any economics that sees its goals in line with those of the natural sciences, that is, as aiming for explanation and prediction according to governing laws of human behaviour.
Der Diagnostik-Parcours
Authors: Vielsmeier V. , Bohr C. , Müller N.
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund

Fehlende praktische Übungen sowie Anstieg der Studierendenzahlen führen zu der Notwendigkeit innovativer Lehrmethoden. Wir etablierten einen Diagnostik-Parcours zur Darstellung der Sinne unseres Faches.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das vorwiegende Ziel der Einführung des Diagnostik-Parcours war die kompakte Darstellung der Funktionsdiagnostik einer HNO(Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde)-Abteilung sowie die praktische und abwechslungsreiche Gestaltung des bestehenden Blockpraktikums.

Material und Methoden

Am ersten Tag des fünftägigen Blockpraktikums wird ein „HNO-Spiegelkurs“ durchgeführt, bei dem die Studierenden lernen, einen HNO-Spiegelbefund zu erheben. Nach der Einteilung auf den HNO-Stationen, in der Poliklinik sowie in den Operationssälen erfolgt am 5. Tag der Diagnostik-Parcours, bei dem vier verschiedene Stationen der Diagnostik einer HNO-Klinik in praktischen Übungen durchlaufen werden.

Ergebnisse

In der Evaluation des Blockpraktikums konnten wir unsere Bewertung durch Einführung des Diagnostik-Parcours signifikant verbessern. So lag im Sommersemester 2019 die Note bei 1,4 bei 38 % von n = 105. Auch persönliche Rückmeldungen sowie mehrere Famulaturanfragen verdeutlichen das positive Feedback.

Schlussfolgerung

Der Vorteil des Diagnostik-Parcours ist die Möglichkeit, praktische Fertigkeiten direkt anzuwenden. Außerdem ist die kleine Gruppengröße von maximal fünf Studierenden als positiv zu werten. Somit kann das Fach der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde mit seinem abwechslungsreichen Charakter attraktiv dargestellt werden. Auch wenn der vorgestellte Parcours einen hohen personellen Aufwand bedeutet, sollte dies in der universitären Lehre ermöglicht werden.
Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Herrema Hilde , Niess Jan Hendrik
Published: September 2020

Humans with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have an altered gut microbiome. Emerging evidence indicates that it is not only the microorganisms and their structural components, but also their metabolites that influences the host and contributes to the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss some of the mechanisms underlying how microbial metabolites are recognised by the host or are further processed endogenously in the context of type 2 diabetes. We discuss the possibility that gut-derived microbial metabolites fuel the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Trophodynamics at the Longqi hydrothermal vent field and comparison with the East Scotia and Central Indian Ridges
Authors: Reid W. D. K. , Wigham B. D. , Marsh L. , Weston J. N. J. , Zhu Y. , Copley J. T.
Published: September 2020

The Longqi vent field, situated on the Southwest Indian Ridge, is ecologically distinct among known hydrothermal vents fields. It hosts a combination of previously unknown species and those shared at species or genus level with other hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and East Scotia Ridge (ESR). We investigate the size-based and trophodynamics of consumers at Longqi vent field and compared these with ESR and CIR vent fields using stable isotope analysis. Intra-specific variability in δ13C and δ15N values in relationship to shell length was observed in Gigantopelta aegis but absent in Chrysomallon squamiferum. A model-based clustering approach identified four trophic groupings at Longqi: species with the lowest δ13C values being supported by carbon fixed via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, the highest δ13C values being supported by the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and intermediate values potentially supported by a mix of these primary production sources. These clusters were driven by potential differences in resource partitioning. There were also differences in the spread of stable isotope values at the vent field level when comparing Bayesian stable isotope ellipse areas among Longqi, CIR and ESR vent fields. This was driven by a combination of the range in δ13C value of macrofauna, and the negative δ15N values which were only observed at Longqi and CIR vent fields. Many of the shared species or genera showed inter-vent field differences in stable isotope values which may be related to site-specific differences in food sources, geochemistry or potential intra-field competition. This study provides important information on the trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent macrofauna found within an area of seabed that is licensed for seabed mining exploration.
Characterization and functional analysis of two novel thermotolerant α-l-arabinofuranosidases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 51 from Thielavia terrestris and family 62 from Eupenicillium parvum
Authors: Long Liangkun , Sun Lu , Lin Qunying , Ding Shaojun , St John Franz J.
Published: September 2020

Arabinofuranose substitutions on xylan are known to interfere with enzymatic hydrolysis of this primary hemicellulose. In this work, two novel α-l-arabinofuranosidases (ABFs), TtABF51A from Thielavia terrestris and EpABF62C from Eupenicillium parvum, were characterized and functionally analyzed. From sequences analyses, TtABF51A and EpABF62C belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 51 and 62, respectively. Recombinant TtABF51A showed high activity on 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside (83.39 U/mg), low-viscosity wheat arabinoxylan (WAX, 39.66 U/mg), high-viscosity rye arabinoxylan (RAX, 32.24 U/mg), and sugarbeet arabinan (25.69 U/mg), while EpABF62C preferred to degrade arabinoxylan. For EpABF62C, the rate of hydrolysis of RAX (94.10 U/mg) was 2.1 times that of WAX (45.46 U/mg). The optimal pH and reaction temperature for the two enzymes was between 4.0 and 4.5 and 65 °C, respectively. Calcium played an important role in the thermal stability of EpABF62C. TtABF51A and EpABF62C showed the highest thermal stabilities at pH 4.5 or 5.0, respectively. At their optimal pHs, TtABF51A and EpABF62C retained greater than 80% of their initial activities after incubation at 55 °C for 96 h or 144 h, respectively. 1H NMR analysis indicated that the two enzymes selectively removed arabinose linked to C-3 of mono-substituted xylose residues in WAX. Compared with the singular application of the GH10 xylanase EpXYN1 from E. parvum, co-digestions of WAX including TtABF51A and/or EpABF62C released 2.49, 3.38, and 4.81 times xylose or 3.38, 1.65, and 2.57 times of xylobiose, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of arabinose released from WAX by TtABF51A with EpXYN1 was 2.11 times the amount with TtABF51A alone.

Key points

• Two novel α-l-arabinofuranosidases (ABFs) displayed high thermal stability.

• The thermal stability of GH62 family EpABF62C was dependent on calcium.

• Buffer pH affects the thermal stability of the two ABFs.

• Both ABFs enhance the hydrolysis of WAX by a GH10 xylanase.
Incidence of Appendiceal Malignancies in Sweden Between 1970 and 2012
Authors: Johansson Joel , Andersson Roland E. , Landerholm Kalle , Redéen Stefan
Published: September 2020

Background

There is limited knowledge about the epidemiology of the major histological subtypes of appendiceal malignancy: adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine neoplasm of the appendix (A‐NEN). The aims of this national cohort study were to assess the prevalence, incidence and trends of appendiceal malignancies in Sweden.

Method

All individuals who underwent appendicectomy and all diagnosed with appendiceal malignancy from 1970 to 2012 were identified from the National Patient Register and the Swedish Cancer Registry. Demographic data of the background population were obtained from Statistics Sweden. The incidence rate (IR) and the prevalence of appendiceal malignancy per performed appendicectomy were calculated.

Results

We identified 3774 patients with appendiceal malignancy. IR of A‐NEN was 5.8/106 person‐years with a peak of 8.4/106 at age 20–30 years, whereafter it plateaued at a somewhat lower level. IR for adenocarcinoma was 3.7/106 person‐years, starting at a very low level among the youngest and increasing to 15.4/106 at age 80–89 years. The IR of adenocarcinoma increased from 2.6/106 in 1970–1979 to 5.4/106 in 2010–2012. The IR of A‐NEN was stable during the study period. The prevalence per appendicectomy was low for both types of malignancies among the young but increased with age, most dramatically for adenocarcinoma. There was a trend during the study period towards more extensive surgery.

Conclusion

Adenocarcinoma is most common and increasing in the elderly, whereas A‐NEN affects all ages with a peak in young age. This peak probably reflects removal of occult A‐NEN due to the higher appendicectomy frequency in the young.