bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncloseting Drama: Gertrude Stein and the Wooster Group
Authors: Salvato Nick
Published: May 2013

In the late winter and early spring of 2005, the New York theatre troupe the Wooster Group staged, both in Brooklyn and Manhattan, a limited return engagement of their 1999 piece House/Lights, an “adaptation” of Gertrude Stein's 1938 play Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights. The word “adaptation” belongs firmly in scare quotes, not only because it is a methodological description that the members of the Wooster Group would themselves resist, but also because it simultaneously over- and underrepresents the terms of the group's engagement with Stein's text. If an adaptation is a modified version of a work that nevertheless retains the integrity of and an obvious resemblance to the original, then House/Lights falls short of the mark; it is, rather, an eccentric pastiche of many source materials, among which Doctor Faustus comprises only one elliptically integrated element. Yet, at the same time as House/Lights fails to meet the requirements of an adaptation – and precisely on account of the manner in which it does so – the piece also exceeds the constraints of mere modification and offers instead a rigorous and sophisticated interpretation of Stein's text. Of course, every theatrical presentation of a play is an act of interpretation, but the singular nature of the Wooster Group's approach constitutes a mode of analysis more akin to the work of literary criticism than it is to the goals of traditional dramaturgy. In short, the Wooster Group highlights the potential of performance to embody a way of reading, and House/Lights highlights, in particular, a way of reading the notoriously difficult Stein. In turn, I propose a reading of Stein alongside – and through the lens of – the Wooster Group, in order to underscore the ways in which the group's complex performance amplifies shades of meaning already at play in Stein's correspondingly complex writing.
Dissociation of vasospasm-related morbidity and outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with clazosentan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shen Jian , Pan Jian-Wei , Fan Zuo-Xu , Xiong Xiao-Xing , Zhan Ren-Ya
Published: May 2013

Object

Clazosentan therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been found to be effective in reducing the incidence of vasospasm in randomized controlled trials. However, while vasospasm-related morbidity, including delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs) and delayed cerebral infarctions, was consistently decreased, statistical significance was not demonstrated and outcomes were not affected by clazosentan treatment. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether clazosentan treatment after aneurysmal SAH significantly reduced the incidence of DINDs and delayed cerebral infarctions and improved outcomes.

Methods

All randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of clazosentan were retrieved via searches with sensitive and specific terms. Six variables were abstracted after the assessment of the methodological quality of the trials. Analyses were performed following the method guidelines of the Cochrane Back Review Group.

Results

Four randomized, placebo-controlled trials met eligibility criteria, enrolling a total of 2181 patients. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the incidence of DINDs (relative risk [RR] 0.76 [95% CI 0.62–0.92]) and delayed cerebral infarction (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]) in patients treated with clazosentan after aneurysmal SAH. However, this treatment regimen was not shown to outcomes including functional outcomes measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (RR 1.12 [95% CI 0.96–1.30]) or mortality (RR 1.02 [95%CI 0.70–1.49]). Adverse events, including pulmonary complications, anemia, and hypotension, were all significantly increased in patients who received clazosentan therapy.

Conclusions

The results of the present meta-analysis show that treatment with clazosentan after aneurysmal SAH significantly reduced the incidence of the vasospasm-related DINDs and delayed cerebral infarctions, but did not improve poor neurological outcomes in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Further study is required to elucidate the dissociation between vasospasm-related morbidity and outcomes.
Role of barbiturate coma in the management of focally induced, severe cerebral edema in children
Authors: Mansour Nassir , deSouza Ruth-Mary , Sikorski Christian , Kahana Madelyn , Frim David
Published: May 2013

Barbiturates are widely used in the management of high intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by diffuse brain swelling. The cardiovascular, renal, and immunological side effects of these drugs limit them to last-line therapy. There are few published data regarding the role of barbiturates in focal brain lesions causing refractory elevated ICP and intraoperative brain swelling in the pediatric population. The authors here present 3 cases of nontraumatic, focally induced, refractory intracranial hypertension due to 2 tumors and 1 arteriovenous malformation, in which barbiturate therapy was used successfully to control elevated ICP. They focus on cardiovascular, renal, and immune function during the course of pentobarbital therapy. They also discuss the role of pentobarbital-induced hypothermia. From this short case series, they demonstrate that barbiturates in conjunction with standard medical therapy can be used to safely reduce postoperative refractory intracranial hypertension and intraoperative brain swelling in children with focal brain lesions.
Utility of STIR MRI in pediatric cervical spine clearance after trauma
Authors: Henry Mark , Scarlata Katherine , Riesenburger Ron I. , Kryzanski James , Rideout Leslie , Samdani Amer , Jea Andrew , Hwang Steven W.
Published: May 2013

Object

Although MRI with short-term T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequencing has been widely adopted in the clearance of cervical spine in adults who have sustained trauma, its applicability for cervical spine clearance in pediatric trauma patients remains unclear. The authors sought to review a Level 1 trauma center's experience using MRI for posttraumatic evaluation of the cervical spine in pediatric patients.

Methods

A pediatric trauma database was retrospectively queried for patients who received an injury warranting radiographic imaging of the cervical spine and had a STIR-MRI sequence of the cervical spine performed within 48 hours of injury between 2002 and 2011. Demographic, radiographic, and outcome data were retrospectively collected through medical records.

Results

Seventy-three cases were included in the analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months (range 4 days–7 years). The mean age of the patients at the time of trauma evaluation was 8.3 ± 5.8 years, and 65% were male. The majority of patients were involved in a motor vehicle accident. In 70 cases, the results of MRI studies were negative, and the patients were cleared prior to discharge with no clinical suggestion of instability on follow-up. In 3 cases, the MRI studies had abnormal findings; 2 of these 3 patients were cleared with dynamic radiographs during the same admission. Only 1 patient had an unstable injury and required surgical stabilization. The sensitivity of STIR MRI to detect cervical instability was 100% with a specificity of 97%. The positive predictive value was 33% and the negative predictive value was 100%.

Conclusions

Although interpretation of our results are diminished by limitations of the study, in our series, STIR MRI in routine screening for pediatric cervical trauma had a high sensitivity and slightly lower specificity, but may have utility in future practices and should be considered for implementation into protocols.
«Wir suchen Sie als …» – Anforderungen aus Sicht eines Arbeitgebers (Essay)
Authors: Morier Alain
Published: May 2013

“As a member of our team, you will …” – an employer's requirements (essay)

In this article, the head of the Forest Service of the canton of Aargau discusses the training pathways on offer in Switzerland for the forestry sector. After reviewing the forest professions for which training exists now in Switzerland, the requirements of the various functions of the Aargau Forest Service are presented. The key question is “Who is best for which job?”, and this is answered on the basis of specific cases. In general, candidates have the necessary basic knowledge for technical posts in the Forest Service; however, thorough on-the-job training over several years is unavoidable to get the tasks performed in a satisfactory way. Finally, staff are needed who work with pleasure and enthusiasm, not just doing the minimum to get the job done.
Ist die Waldbildung für uns noch zeitgemäss? (Essay)
Authors: Hefti Reto
Published: May 2013

Is our forestry training still right for our times? (Essay)

The organisation structure of the forest service of the canton of the Grisons – a matrix organisation – makes heavy demands on staff, especially in the area of communication. The multiple and widely different functions offer good potential for job satisfaction to all skill profiles. Forest districts have become larger during the restructuring process, which increases the demands on staff. Graduates of the School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences in Zollikofen have the appropriate training, as long as they are given close support during the early stages of their career. The open training system gives many opportunities, but puts high demands on both employer and employee. It is important that overlaps between the different qualification levels are not too large, and that the link between training and professional experience is maintained. It is essential that young professionals are prepared for the challenges they will face. Potential staff members should have the possibility of doing an internship to find out whether this is the right job for them.
Valeurs sûres et besoin de changement dans les formations forestières (essai)
Authors: Métraux Jean-François , Zumbrunnen Thomas
Published: May 2013

Solid foundations and necessary change in forestry training (essay)

With climate change and new demands from the public, the framework conditions of forestry work have changed significantly. More and more, foresters' competences must be wide, sound and interdisciplinary. For training, the biggest change has been the opening of a technical high school (Haute école specialisée) pathway in the space between the technical school (Ecole supérieure specialisée) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH). The forest services would like to see pathways open up at Zollikofen towards a Masters in Life Sciences or other postgraduate qualifications (Master of Advanced Studies, specialised Certificates of Advanced Studies), so as to complete the range of training opportunities, from basic to postgraduate, which is necessary to understand the complexity of the forest system and hold responsible jobs. As for ETH Zurich, the forestry training has changed name and image, and is not well known to the public. It is therefore necessary to put it under the spotlight and promote it.
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without mucosal flap : Our experience
Authors: Navaneethan Nagendran
Published: May 2013

Background: The purpose of our study was to evaluate outcome of Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without preservation of mucosal flap for the management of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction Methods: A retrospective review of 26 patients were performed on patients who underwent Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without preservation of mucosal flap from March 2007 to November 2010 at our hospital. Twenty six patients were operated and followed up postoperatively for five to six weeks with lacrimal syringing by ophthalmologists and diagnostic endoscopy done at third month and followed up until the formation of well formed ostium and patients became asymptomatic. Main outcome were subjective improvement in epiphora and persistence of anatomic patency of ostium. Result: There were 26 patients operated, one is male and all others were female. The age of patients were ranging within 20 to 78 years (mean 36.65years).Every patients were followed up in the range of four months to two years (mean 6.2 months). Septoplasty was required in only one patient prior to DCR. Anatomic patency were confirmed by nasal endoscopy in twenty four patients (92%), remaining two had synechiae without ostium. One patient among 24 patients had ostium and lacrimal flow with intermittent epiphora. Our overall success rate with anatomical patency and without symptoms of epiphora is 88%. Conclusion: Our results with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy are comparable with previously published outcomes. Our data suggest that endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without preservation of mucosal flap may be performed DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.11728 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 41-45
Aetiological factors of hoarseness in patients attending at Kathmandu University Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Bikash Lal , Amatya Ram Chaya Man , KC Sekhar , Shrestha Inku , Pokharel Monika
Published: May 2013

Objective: To evaluate the aetiological factors of hoarseness. Methods: This is a prospective, non- randomized and longitudinal study conducted from 1st august 2011 to 1st august 2012 in department of otorhinolaryngology of Kathmandu university Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal. All the patients with history of hoarseness underwent clinical examination, routine as well as special investigation to find the diagnosis. The final results were analyzed by simple manual analysis with frequency and percentage using Microsoft Excel software 2007. Results: There were total 280 patients included in the study. Among them the age groups of 21  30 years and 31  40 years were mainly suffer from hoarseness. Similarly, among 280 patients 200 (71.45%) were males whereas 80 (28.6%) were females with male to female ratio of 2.5:1.. The most common cause as per the distribution was acid peptic laryngitis with frequency of 37.8% whereas tuberculosis of larynx, papillary carcinoma of thyroid and papilloma of vocal cord accounts for only 0.4% each. Conclusion: There was etiological variation in hoarseness ranging from simple laryngitis to malignancies. So it is important not to ignore the hoarseness and precise history, examination and investigations should be done. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.11877 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 14-17
A comparative study of surgical outcomes of ossiculoplasty using biomaterials and autologous implants
Authors: Kawatra Rahul , Maheshwari Puneet
Published: May 2013

Objective: To determine amongst biomaterials (Teflon and Silicon) and autologous materials (autologous incus and cartilage), the one which give the best results of ossiculoplasty, in terms of increase in hearing sensitivity including cost effectiveness. Methods: Study was conducted in Eras Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, India. Randomized prospective crossover study with eighteen months follow up. 80 patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) were randomly assigned for ossiculoplasty using biomaterials (Teflon and silicon) and autologous materials (bone and cartilage ). Surgical outcome was compared for all the four types of implant material used, in terms of increase in hearing sensitivity, extrusion rate, cost effectiveness. Pre-operatively all patients had a pure tone audiogram with a four frequency average (0.5/1/2/4 kHz) calculated for both air conduction and bone conduction. Post-operatively a pure tone audiogram using (0.5/1/2/4 kHz) was performed at 18 months follow-up. Results: Mean hearing gain (change in A-B gap) was 20.80±7.08 dB in autologous group and 19.93±7.27 dB in biomaterials. Hearing Success Rate-It indicates, total no. of patients, whose postoperative AB Gap (calculated at 500Hz,1,2,3 KHz) is equal to or less than 20 dB. In the present study the overall hearing success rate at follow up period of 4 months is 78.8%. For autologous implants it is 80% and for biomaterials it is 77.5%. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference in improvement in AB gap, extrusion rate of implant and overall success rate between biomaterials (Teflon, silicon) and autologous implants (autologous incus, cartilage). The only significant difference between the two groups was the cost effectiveness. Hence, it is concluded in our study that the biomaterials and autologous implants used in the study have equal overall efficacy. The autologous material requires no extra cost so it can be considered as a preferred choice of implant, in comparison to biomaterial in SAARC countries, where the majority is of poor patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.12619 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 29-35
What Is Called Thinking?: When Deleuze Walks Along Heideggerian Paths
Authors: Dillet Benoît
Published: May 2013

When on the last page of What Is Philosophy?, Deleuze and Guattari (1995: 218) claim that philosophy needs a non-philosophy, this statement is the result of a long engagement with the problem of thinking in society. It is this engagement that we intend to reconstruct in this article. By developing an original definition of thinking after Heidegger, Deleuze is able to claim that philosophy is not the only ‘thinking’ discipline. Our point of departure is Deleuze's constant reference to a phrase from Heidegger's lecture course What Is Called Thinking?: ‘We are not yet thinking’ ( Deleuze 1988 : 116, 1989: 167, 1994: 144, 2002: 108; Deleuze and Guattari 1995: 56). This phrase points to the demand for a new distribution of the relation between philosophy and its outside. The purpose of this article is to trace Heidegger's influence on Deleuze's definition of thinking and to raise two points. First, Deleuze borrows some elements of Heidegger's definition of thinking to further his own understanding of politics as an involuntary practice. For both, the question of thinking is political. Second, by departing from Heidegger, Deleuze can democratise the definition of thinking, beyond its confinement to philosophy, by turning to cinema. Deleuze calls cinema the art of the masses because it brings the masses in contact with external signs. Finally, in the last part of this article, we will discuss how Deleuze raises stupidity (and not error) as a transcendental problem that should be constantly fought. In this way, we hope to shed light on how Deleuze moves from Heidegger's question ‘what is called thinking?’ to the problem of stupidity and shame.
Chebulagic Acid, a Hydrolyzable Tannin, Exhibited Antiviral Activity in Vitro and in Vivo against Human Enterovirus 71
Authors: Yang Yajun , Xiu Jinghui , Liu Jiangning , Zhang Li , Li Xiaoying , Xu Yanfeng , Qin Chuan , Zhang Lianfeng
Published: May 2013

Human enterovirus 71 is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease in children under six years of age. Presently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs have been clinically available to employ against EV71. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with chebulagic acid reduced the viral cytopathic effect on rhabdomyosarcoma cells with an IC50 of 12.5 μg/mL. The utilization of the chebulagic acid treatment on mice challenged with a lethal dose of enterovirus 71 was able to efficiently reduce mortality and relieve clinical symptoms through the inhibition of viral replication. Chebulagic acid may represent a potential therapeutic agent to control infections to enterovirus 71.
Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Nahar Kamrun , Alam Md. , Roychowdhury Rajib , Fujita Masayuki
Published: May 2013

High temperature (HT) stress is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide. Plant growth and development involve numerous biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature. Plant responses to HT vary with the degree and duration of HT and the plant type. HT is now a major concern for crop production and approaches for sustaining high yields of crop plants under HT stress are important agricultural goals. Plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms to cope with HT situations. In addition, major tolerance mechanisms that employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. Plant survival under HT stress depends on the ability to perceive the HT stimulus, generate and transmit the signal, and initiate appropriate physiological and biochemical changes. HT-induced gene expression and metabolite synthesis also substantially improve tolerance. The physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress are active research areas, and the molecular approaches are being adopted for developing HT tolerance in plants. This article reviews the recent findings on responses, adaptation, and tolerance to HT at the cellular, organellar, and whole plant levels and describes various approaches being taken to enhance thermotolerance in plants.
2-{[5-(Diphenylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide
Authors: Nayak Prakash , Narayana Badiadka , Samshuddin Seranthimata , Sarojini Balladka
Published: May 2013

S-Alkylation of 5-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (3) by 2-chloro-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide (2) affords the title compound, 2-{[5-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide (4). The intermediate (2), in turn, was prepared by the acetylation of 2-aminopyrazine (1) with chloroacetyl chloride. The structure of the newly synthesized compound is characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral data.
Neuritogenic and Neuroprotective Effects of Polar Steroids from the Far East Starfishes Patiria pectinifera and Distolasterias nipon
Authors: Palyanova Natalia , Pankova Tatyana , Starostina Marina , Kicha Alla , Ivanchina Natalia , Stonik Valentin
Published: May 2013

The neuritogenic and neuroprotective activities of six starfish polar steroids, asterosaponin Р1, (25S)-5α-cholestane-3β,4β,6α,7α,8,15α,16β,26-octaol, and (25S)-5α-cholestane-3β,6α,7α,8,15α,16β,26-heptaol (1–3) from the starfish Patiria pectinifera and distolasterosides D1–D3 (4–6) from the starfish Distolasterias nipon were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma (NB) C-1300 cell line and an organotypic rat hippocampal slice culture (OHSC). All of these compounds enhanced neurite outgrowth in NB cells. Dose-dependent responses to compounds 1–3 were observed within the concentration range of 10–100 nM, and dose-dependent responses to glycosides 4–6 were observed at concentrations of 1–50 nM. All the tested substances exhibited notable synergistic effects with trace amounts of nerve growth factor (NGF, 1 ng/mL) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 0.1 ng/mL). Using NB cells and OHSCs, it was shown for the first time that starfish steroids 1–6 act as neuroprotectors against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the number of surviving cells. Altogether, these results suggest that neurotrophin-like neuritogenic and neuroprotective activities are most likely common properties of starfish polyhydroxysteroids and the related glycosides, although the magnitude of the effect depended on the particular compound structure.
Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and Effects on Nutrient Intake in the Mid-South: The Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study
Authors: Völgyi Eszter , Carroll Kecia , Hare Marion , Ringwald-Smith Karen , Piyathilake Chandrika , Yoo Wonsuk , Tylavsky Frances
Published: May 2013

Dietary patterns are sensitive to differences across socio-economic strata or cultural habits and may impact programing of diseases in later life. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct dietary patterns during pregnancy in the Mid-South using factor analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the differences in the food groups and in macro- and micronutrients among the different food patterns. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 1155 pregnant women (mean age 26.5 ± 5.4 years; 62% African American, 35% Caucasian, 3% Other; and pre-pregnancy BMI 27.6 ± 7.5 kg/m2). Using food frequency questionnaire data collected from participants in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study between 16 and 28 weeks of gestation, dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Three major dietary patterns, namely, Healthy, Processed, and US Southern were identified among pregnant women from the Mid-South. Further analysis of the three main patterns revealed four mixed dietary patterns, i.e., Healthy-Processed, Healthy-US Southern, Processed-US Southern, and overall Mixed. These dietary patterns were different (p < 0.001) from each other in almost all the food items, macro- and micro nutrients and aligned across socioeconomic and racial groups. Our study describes unique dietary patterns in the Mid-South, consumed by a cohort of women enrolled in a prospective study examining the association of maternal nutritional factors during pregnancy that are known to affect brain and cognitive development by age 3.
Trend Change Detection in NDVI Time Series: Effects of Inter-Annual Variability and Methodology
Authors: Forkel Matthias , Carvalhais Nuno , Verbesselt Jan , Mahecha Miguel , Neigh Christopher , Reichstein Markus
Published: May 2013

Changing trends in ecosystem productivity can be quantified using satellite observations of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). However, the estimation of trends from NDVI time series differs substantially depending on analyzed satellite dataset, the corresponding spatiotemporal resolution, and the applied statistical method. Here we compare the performance of a wide range of trend estimation methods and demonstrate that performance decreases with increasing inter-annual variability in the NDVI time series. Trend slope estimates based on annual aggregated time series or based on a seasonal-trend model show better performances than methods that remove the seasonal cycle of the time series. A breakpoint detection analysis reveals that an overestimation of breakpoints in NDVI trends can result in wrong or even opposite trend estimates. Based on our results, we give practical recommendations for the application of trend methods on long-term NDVI time series. Particularly, we apply and compare different methods on NDVI time series in Alaska, where both greening and browning trends have been previously observed. Here, the multi-method uncertainty of NDVI trends is quantified through the application of the different trend estimation methods. Our results indicate that greening NDVI trends in Alaska are more spatially and temporally prevalent than browning trends. We also show that detected breakpoints in NDVI trends tend to coincide with large fires. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that seasonal trend methods need to be improved against inter-annual variability to quantify changing trends in ecosystem productivity with higher accuracy.
Les jeunes et le syndicalisme : point de vue d'un acteur
Authors: Loustau Vincent , Bier Bernard , Douard Olivier
Published: May 2013

Partant d’un constat de rupture entre les univers sociaux des jeunes et le champ d’action traditionnel des syndicats, il s’est interrogé sur les moyens à mettre en place pour établir de nouvelles interactions entre jeunes et syndicalisme. C’est dans ce cadre qu’il a piloté pour sa confédération syndicale le projet «Turbulences», marqué par trois actions principales : -la mise en place d’associations de jeunes dans des villes, des secteurs professionnels, des entreprises, -le lancement de «Turbulences», un magazine sur les problèmes sociaux que rencontrent les 16/ 30 ans, -un rassemblement de 2500 jeunes en octobre 94 à Paris.
Réunions publiques de quartier et participation
Authors: Dupont Emmanuel
Published: May 2013

Entre los dispositivos de implicación de los habitantes a la política de desarrollo social urbano, se puede señalar la reunión pública de barrio, la cual tiende a permitir el encuentro y el reconocimiento mutuo entre los habitantes y los ediles. Asentada sobre la audiencia y la palabra, sus lazos con la acción son difíciles de establecer. A diferencia del modelo político clásico o del modelo asociativo, la reunión de barrio no es un dispositivo de adición de las personas que la componen. Los habitantes son invitados a expresarse en nombre propio. Este supuesto previo es parte de un movimiento de replanteamiento de las mediaciones entre los ediles y los habitantes, especialmente aquéllas utilizadas por los trabajadores sociales, y de una búsqueda de expresión directa y auténtica de la necesidades de orden social.
En route vers l’avenir : une génération européenne en mouvement !
Authors: Sellin Burkart , Lagrée Jean-Charles
Published: May 2013

Die Jugendlichen in ihrer Verschiedenartigkeit und ihrer Heterogeneität sind die Darsteller des europäischen Konstruktionsprozesses. Aber Europa steht an der Wegscheide. Ein europäisches Integrationsmodel ist uns vorgeschlagen worden, welches im Groen und Ganzen vom nordamerikanischen Beispiel inspiriert ist. Aber Europa ist nicht Amerika. In manchen Beziehungen könnte es sogar das genaue Gegenteil sein. Ein neues Integrationsmodell müte geschaffen werden, welches die Besonderheiten und Eigenschaften jedes einzelnen Mitgliedsstaates hat. Wie die Europäinisierungsidee es anregt, müte sich zu den nationalen Identitäten die der Europäischen hinzufügen, und sie nicht ersetzen. Aber welche Wahl wird die Jugend treffen ?
Le monde du "N.T.M." ! Le sens caché de l’injure rituelle
Authors: Badache René
Published: May 2013

Los lenguajes particulares designan quién debe ser catalogado, quién debe ser incluido o excluido, al interior de un grupo, y del grupo en relación al exterior. Pero la observación y el análisis nos hacen descubrir algo más que una simple correlación entre lenguaje y comportamiento externo. El lenguaje injurioso representa una simbología importante que reenvía a una memoria colectiva, a una afirmación de identidad social. En este "ritual", es esencial para los jóvenes, subrayar el hecho de que forman parte de un universo particular que instala la verguenza en el terreno de la feminidad y el honor en el de la virilidad. El individuo, por medio de su palabra guarda la libertad de determinarse frente a esas determinaciones.
Les organisations de jeunesse en République Tchèque
Authors: Hofbauer Bretislav
Published: May 2013

The associative process of young childrens'/youth organisations in the Czech Republic has endured, in the course of this century, frequent and substantial changes the consequences of which are still currently to be observed. For both internal and external reasons the overall impact of organisations has been weakened ; membership potential has dropped from 45 % of the total youth population before November 1989 to 15 % at the present time. This situation has also been complicated by the existence of several coordinating and lead bodies who only work together on certain questions. This state of affairs is likely to remain. In future years organisations will need to rise to the challenge, offer young children and young people an especially attractive programme, set up a training system for the leaders, concentrate on developing the network of clubs and improve their social image.
Un cinéma "pour" les enfants..?
Authors: Paris Daniel
Published: May 2013

All too frequently for adults, especially for parents, the cinema for a young public is restricted to Walt Disney animated films. The cinema as an art form, as a window on the world, despite the endeavours of certain to affirm this, tends to be forgotten, as are the numerous films which respect the intelligence, the sensitivity and the dignity of the child.

At a time when the cinema runs the risk of being tumed into a simple market product, it is perhaps important to wonder about the meaning to give those images which are shown to children, particuarly via the question of the "cinema for children".
Les IUT Animation : formation universitaire et/ou professionnelle
Authors: Gillet Jean-Claude
Published: May 2013

Treinta años después de su creación, ¿ Donde están los IUT (Institutos universitarios de tecnología) que forman animadores profesionales ?. El enciclopedismo de los contenidos y la división en diversas disciplinas todavía en vigor, no permiten poner en marcha las prácticas y métodos pedagógicos pertinentes para la comprensión del carácter multiforme de las situaciones de animación. Se han avanzado propuestas a partir de un estudio de casos. Se propone una reflexión en torno a las exigencias actuales de una profesional ización de los animadores, teniendo en cuenta los modelos pedagógicos que cohabitan en este tipo de institución universitaria.
Le discours des éducateurs spécialisés : réalisme et réalité
Authors: Pommier-Seintignan Marie-Anne
Published: May 2013

Der Artikel berichtet über eine Analyse der Ausführungen der spezialisierten Erzieher, die die Sprachniveaus der Ideologie und der Arbeit artikuliert. Er stellt das Problem des diskursiven Baus der Ideologie dar. Er betont die treibende Funktion der Ideologie in der erzieherischen Aktion, insbesondere durch die Investierung von Signifikanten (Autonomie, Institution und Aktivität) deren Rolle anscheinend darin besteht, diese Aktion zu berichten und deren Rolle in Wirklichkeit darin besteht, einen Sinn für die Aktion zu organisieren, (sozial-praktische Funktion der Ideologie).
Les jeunes, le risque routier et l'accident
Authors: Esterle-Hedibel Maryse
Published: May 2013

This article reports back on some quantitative research which contributes to the study and understanding of the behaviour of young drivers through an anthropological approach to the portrayal of the principal risk factors and after-effects of a serious accident. A group of 18 young people and their immediate circle of family and friends were monitored for a period of 30 months so as to evaluate the impact of a serious accident on the portrayal of risk and of driving. These portrayals are differentiated according to the socio-economic, cultural and sexual variables specific to the young people inteviewed. Following a serious accident, four phases have been identified in the reconstruction process of people.
Jeunes et dispositifs d'insertion dans six pays européens
Authors: Lefresne Florence
Published: May 2013

Sin duda, la importancia del paro y de los riesgos que conllevan en la Unión Europea ha ocultado una fuerte heterogeneidad entre países. El análisis de la situación en medios juveniles, activos empleados, parados o inactivos muestra que existen planteamientos diferentes que traducen, entre otras cosas, arbitrajes intergeneracionales en el terreno laboral. Detrás de las categorías estadísticas, se perfilan dinámicas institucionales diferentes según el índole de la política laboral. Comparando los dispositivos de inserción en seis países europeos, no cabe dida que la manera en que los actores sociales van o no a cooperar determinará de manera notable las condiciones de la transición.
Changement de statut de la jeunesse : les débats politiques aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Ewijk Hans van
Published: May 2013

In this article, it is argued that in Dutch youth policy of the 80's, there was a noticeable change of approach to young people. Before this period, policy concerning young people was based on the concept of optimal fulfillment, a psychosocial enhancement of the human. In the 80s, the psychological and educational point of view is supplanted by an economic approach of offer and demand.

Young people need to be better equipped for the employment market. For that they must be cheaper, better trained and adapted. This swing signifies that the image of universal identity and of mankind has been abandonned.

The differences between humans and the necessity for a différenciation between work levels and contents require a harmonization between the individual and society. Stress is no longer placed on man by means of psychosocial categories but on man through the procuring a job and of training.
Réponses publiques au chômage des jeunes en Finlande. Nouveaux défis, nouveaux conflits
Authors: Siurala Lasse
Published: May 2013

Die Krise der neunziger Jahre hat spektakuläre Folgen auf die Situation der Jugendlichen gehabt. Schwierige berufliche Integration, dann Arbeitslosigkeit und Ausschluss aus der Gesellschaft dessen Ursachen schlecht verstanden werden. Dieser Artikel untersucht die gezielte frühzeitige Interventionsstrategie durch das Beispiel von Helsinki, um zu versuchen, daraus eine Analyse der Auffassungen der Gesellschaft der Erwachsenen über die Jugend zu machen. Die Jugendlichen sind auch von den hinterlassenen Rechnungen der älteren Generation bedroht. Die « Buchhaltung der Generation » its ein neues Thema im Bereich der Jugendpolitik geworden.
Les médiateurs du Livre dans les quartiers
Authors: Scheer Jacques
Published: May 2013

1992-93 hat das Ministerium für Kultur und Französische Sprache eine experimentelle Ausbildungsaktion von « Vermittlern des Buches in den Stadtteilen » geleitet und zwar in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Verein A TD- Quart Monde. Heute ist diese Initiative erweitert worden.

Diese Berufsausbildung von Anhängern der Strassenbibliotheken, die aus benachteiligten Kreisen stammen, und die von einem Ausbildungsinstitut der Sozialarbeit und dem Verein der französischen Bibliothekare in die Wege geleitet wurde, hat eine Qualifizierung dieser Animateure ermöglicht. Die Auffassung der angewandten kulturellen Vermittlung in dieser Funktion scheint die Ideologie des kulturellen Volkstumes als Inspiration zu haben. Fördert sie wirklich die Erneuerung der traditionellen Aktivitäten der städtischen Bibliotheken in der Errungenschaft von neuem Publikum ?
À travers les journaux lycéens. Pourquoi et comment étudier au lycée ?
Authors: Gonnet Jacques
Published: May 2013

Da Lesen der Gymnasiumzeitungen ermöglicht es zu erfahren, wie die Jugendlichen das Studium beurteilen. Mehr als eine grundlegende Wiederinfragestellung der Institution entdeckt man eine süsssaure Einschätzung vor einer Ungewissen Zukunft. Die häufigste Frage betrifft die Wahl des Studiums und die Ratschläge der Jugendlichen untereinander. Das Interesse dieser Zeitungen besteht in der Präsentation einer Sprache ausserhalb jeglicher kommerzieller StruktuR. Man entdeckt somit Ängste und Freuden, die selten so ausgedrückt werden in den klassischen Umfragen über Jugendliche. Die Schwierigkeit resultiert daraus, dass sie nur einen bescheidenen Teil der Jugend darstellen. Manschätzt, dass jedes Jahr in Frankreich über dreitausend solcher Zeitungen erscheinen.
Révéler les situations de stigmatisation : un enjeu de citoyenneté
Authors: Noël Olivier
Published: May 2013

Dieser Artikel ist das Ergebnis von vier Jahren der Beobachtung als « Jugend » Referent beim Observatorium für Labilität und Integration in der Region Languedoc- Roussillon. Er untersucht die beruflichen Praktiken und Strategien der Vermittlungspersonen (Ausbilder, Vertreter der Mission Locale, Arbeitsamtangestellte, usw) an der Schnittstelle zwischen den Jugendlichen ausländischer Herkunft und den Unternehmen, wenn die immer zahlreicheren Stigmatisierungssituationen anlässlich einer Suche nach Arbeit oder während der Ausbildungsmassnahmen zum Vorschein kommen. Eine echte Kernfrage der Staatsangehörigkeit muss zum Vorschein gebracht werden, sowohl für die Jugendlichen als auch für die öffentliche Meinung, und zwar, dass die ausländische Herkunft zweifellos ein zusätzliches Hindernis für den Arbeitszugang eines Teiles der Jugend mit bereits unsicherer Zukunft darstellt.
Aspects conflictuels de la socialisation
Authors: Klinger Myriam
Published: May 2013

L 'approche classique de la socialisation, par l'identification des acteurs au système, ne semble plus suffire pour comprendre l'entrée dans la vie adulte. En effet, si la prise d'autonomie reste un travail d'ajustement des places, une expérience toujours plus ou moins conflictuelle, ce processus se complexifie avec la multiplication des références et des valeurs, les difficultés des institutions familiales et scolaires à s'y orienter et à en assurer la transmission.

La construction de ce temps d'identification et d'expérimentation suppose l'acquisition de performances qui transforme le processus de socialisation en exercice de corde raide aux issues incertaines.

Notre réflexion suggère que si les places et les rôles ne sont plus définis d'entrée de jeu, les adultes se trouvent alors, eux aussi, inclus dans une perspective où l'expérience et sa fragilité deviennent centrales.
Face aux « mauvais malades » : entre défiance et respect
Authors: Redjimi Goucem
Published: May 2013

En cuanto al desarrollo de la epidemia de SIDA entre los usuarios de droga, se imponen estrategias nuevas para hacerse cargo de ellos medical y socialmente : tanto los profesionales como los hombres políticos garantizan la apreciación de los problemas y deben de responderá ellos teniendo en cuenta las dificultades psicológicas de esos enfermos y sobre todo su aislamiento social. Frente a un problema importante de salud pública, se tiene que ofrecer a todos los enfermos los mismos medios terapéuticos y preventivos, sin discriminación y con igualdad de condiciones. En una de las dimensiones mayores del respecto de las personas y de la solidaridad, puestas muy importantes del debate social y político actual.
Femmes : une identité familiale ou professionnelle ?
Authors: Dubreuil Bertrand
Published: May 2013

Ha demostrado François de Singly que las mujeres sin diploma invirten una carrera conyugal preferentemente a una carrera profesional1. Más a menudo sin diploma que las demás, las mujeres de medio desfavorecido se encuentran particularmente concernidas. Algunas de ellas viven de manera dolorosa su inscripción en el único estatuto maternal. El modelo de la construcción de una identidad a partir del estatuto profesional parece, en efecto, traspasar los medios más desfavorecidos. Pero la imagen maternal valorizada por el canal publicitario implica un cierto nivel de vida y, entonces, un nivel de recursos del cual no disponen las jóvenes madres sin empleo, tanto más cuando existen episodios monoparentales que muchas conocen después del nacimiento del primer hijo.
L'Islam français : entre sécularisation et mode de vie
Authors: Césari Jocelyne
Published: May 2013

Avec l'enracinement dans la société française des immigrés du Maghreb et d'Afrique, l'islam est désormais une composante du paysage religieux et culturel. Un fait sans précédent est donc en train de se produire : l'émergence d'un islam minoritaire dans un contexte de pluralisme politique et culturel. Ce processus est en train de transformer les modes d'identification à l'islam avec notamment une privatisation de ce réfèrent qui conduit une grande partie des nouvelles générations nées en France à se comporter comme des croyants/consommateurs. Cette transformation constitue un changement notoire par rapport à une grande majorité de pays « musulmans » où le réfèrent islamique est utilisé à des fins politiques, changement qui passe le plus souvent inaperçu en raison de la phobie qui entoure toute forme d'expression islamique. À l'opposé de cette identification, il existe également un investissement dans l'islam, qui s'inscrit non seulement dans une démarche piétiste mais également sociale.
De X-Files à la secte : la recherche d'une autre vérité
Authors: Marhic Renaud
Published: May 2013

Von X-Files zur Sekte : auF der Suche nach einer anderen Wahrheit

Was bedeutet das magische Denken für die Jugendlichen ? Dieser Artikel macht auf die Lockung der Themen des Übersinnlichen im Hinblick auf Jugendliche aufmerksam. Hinter dem Glauben an Ausserirdische Wesen oder an im Zusammenhang mit einem wirklichen gegenkulturellen Standpunkt Von dem Chamiezeitpunkt des Jugendalters begünstigt, setzt sich manchmal die Suche nach einer anderen Wahrheit Ober das Übernatürliche bei den jungen Erwachsenen durch den Sektenbeitritt fori. En Schritt, der nicht nur vom religiösen Gefühl inspiriert wird, sondern auch von tur genährt wird, erklärt werden kann.
La participation des jeunes aux associations en France, analyse de quelques indicateurs statistiques
Authors: Roudet Bernard
Published: May 2013

Die Migtliedschaft der Jugendlichen bei Vereinen in Frankreich - Analyse von einigen statistischen Anzeichen.

Die Analyse von mehreren statistischen Umfragen gibt uns Informationen über die Veireismitgliedschaftder Jugendlichen. 40 % der Jugendlichen nehmen an einem Verein Teil, was mit dem Anteil der Erwachsenen vergleichbar ist. Diese Mitgliedschan steht zu 30 % in Zusammenhang mit Sportvereinen, die zweite Art von betroffenen Vereinen, künstlerisch oder kulturell unter anderem, betreffen also bestenfalls nur 10 % der Jugendbevölkerung. Die Vereinsmitgliedschan der 15/24 jährigen hat weniger zugenommen als diejenige der Erwachsenen seit 1973. Die Mitgliedschan der Jugendlichen bei mehreren Vereinen ist geringer als die der Gesamtbevölkerung. Und sie tendieren dazu, weniger Verantwortungen zu übernehmen.
Les logiques d'action juvéniles face à la Mission locale
Authors: Jellab Aziz
Published: May 2013

La problématique de l'insertion des jeunes a connu récemment des évolutions. Nous nous interrogeons sur la manière dont les jeunes réagissent face aux injonctions de la Mission locale. Cet article tente d'abord de rappeler les enjeux d'une interrogation sociologique sur l'insertion (celle-ci ne se réduit pas au seul accès à l'emploi) pour rapporter quelques logiques d'action juvéniles manifestées devant les recommandations de la Mission locale. Ces logiques, tributaires du profil social et biographique des jeunes, exprime les paradoxes d'un travail social sur l'insertion, mettent en relief des affirmations (ou négociations) identitaires et interpellent une institution qui, face au marché de l'emploi, se trouve le plus souvent démunie.
"D'après moi, la mafia c'est..." (dans l'imaginaire des enfants siciliens)
Authors: Manna Elisa , Sapienza Rosario
Published: May 2013

«Meiner Meinung nach ist Mafia...»

3.914 Kinder und junge Sizilianer von 6 bis 16 haben folgende Frage beantwortet : «was ist Mafia». Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einigen Aspekten der Analyse der Antworten durch Forscher des CENSIS. Das Wort «Mafia» ist Bestandteil der sizi lianischen Kinderphantasie : Worte der Angst und der Zauberei. Erscheinen die Geschichte eines Traumas, die Episoden eines dramatischen Prozesses, der die Mafia Realität aus der Emotionssphäre dieser Kinder und dieser Jugendlichen evakuiert.
La fête comme "fêtes"
Authors: Mayol Pierre
Published: May 2013

Cet article s’interroge sur le «sens» des fêtes traditionnelles en rappelant leurs dimensions d’intégration sociale et de consécration individuelle. Il prend quelques exemples dans l’antiquité gréco-latine et les traditions judéochrétiennes en insistant sur leur caractère collectif et cyclique. Il montre ensuite comment ces fêtes «traditionnelles» sont confrontées à l’éparpillement des pratiques festives d’aujourd’hui, bien plus individualisées. Il prend pour exemple le concert de rock, et s’interroge, en conclusion, sur la pratique de la fête dans les sociétés modernes.
L’univers des "raves": entre carnaval et protestations fugitives
Authors: Fouillen Claude
Published: May 2013

La tecno, musica repetitiva y sintetica que nacio en el transcurso de los anos ochenta debe su exito en parte gracias a los raves. En estas fiestas, a menudo clandestinas, reina el espiritu ludico y excesivo del carnaval. Este fenomeno tiene sus apasionados, reunidos en redes de afinidades o, a veces, en verdaderas comunidades. Estos grupos estan a la busquedad de una sociabilidad «alternativa» inspirada de los principios de libertad, de convivencia y de hedonismo. Estas logicas de lo inmediato parecen unidas a una cierta descalificacion de las instituciones o representaciones que pretenden dominar el porvenir socioeconomico.