bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal interactions in building resilience to threats in local communities
Authors: Górska-Rożej Karina
Published: May 2024

Odporne społeczeństwo rozumie i jest świadome zagrożeń, na jakie jest narażone, przygotowane jest na ich pojawienie się oraz zmiany, które wystąpią wraz z negatywnymi zdarzeniami. W związku z tym odporność wiąże się z umiejętnością radzenia sobie z nagłymi, niespodziewanymi zmianami oraz sprawnym powrotem do normalnego funkcjonowania. Jednym z fundamentów kształtowania odporności na zagrożenia w społecznościach lokalnych jest wysoki poziom kapitału społecznego. Do jego osiągnięcia potrzebne są odpowiednio nawiązane i, co ważniejsze, stale utrzymywane relacje interpersonalne. Budowanie odporności na zagrożenia w społecznościach lokalnych to temat mający duże znaczenie w kontekście zarządzania bezpieczeństwem społeczności lokalnych oraz utrzymywania ładu społecznego. Działania związane z budowaniem tejże odporności powinny być prowadzone zarówno przez członków społeczności lokalnej, nieformalnych liderów społeczności lokalnej, służby, inspekcje, straże, jak i władze lokalne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ustalenie wpływu relacji międzyludzkich na budowanie odporności na zagrożenia w społecznościach lokalnych. Problem badawczy wygenerowano w postaci następującego pytania: jaki wpływ mają relacje międzyludzkie na budowanie odporności na zagrożenia w społecznościach na poziomie lokalnym? Do rozwiązania powyższych problemów wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, realizowaną techniką ankiety, z wykorzystaniem narzędzia, jakim był kwestionariusz ankiety. Badaną populację stanowili mieszkańcy wsi Nowa Iwiczna, położonej w gminie Lesznowola w województwie mazowieckim.
Using Geospatial Techniques to Analysis the Impact of Climate Change on Water and Agriculture Resources: Case study Khanaqin District in Diyala, Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed B.
Published: May 2024

The study area was classified into three categories (vegetation cover, water, and others)using four satellite images of the Landsat 8 satellite captured during March for the period 2019-2022 into. The results showed that there is a change in the climatic conditions (temperature and rainfall) for the years of the study. The average temperature increased from 12.29°C to 25.967°C from the year 2019 to 2022. The annual amount of precipitation was decreased from 469.43 mm for the year 2019 to 105.49 mm for the year 2022.this negatively changed affected the water and agricultural resources, as the amount of water storage for Lake Hamrin and Lake Al-Wand together reached to 2,314,584,000 m3 and 40,404,000 m3 for the years 2019 and 2022, respectively. This led to decrease in the vegetation area from 1587.29 km2 to 356.17 for the year 2019 km2 and 2022, respectively.
Recent advances in the study of the structure and function of the epididymis
Authors: Wang Chuxiong , Xie Ye , Liu Jiang , Xie Qinying , Kang Yafei , Dong Xinyi , Huang Donghui
Published: May 2024

Testicular sperm maturation is critical for establishing male fertility. Spermatozoa undergo remodeling of sperm proteins and changes in lipid and ribonucleic acid composition during transport in the epididymal ducts, which play an important role in sperm maturation. The anatomy, epithelial cell types, physiological functions, and epigenetic inheritance of the epididymis are explored, and recent findings in epididymal research are analyzed. Suggesting possible directions for future research on the epididymis. Using the keywords “epididymis”, “sperm”, and “sperm maturation”, a search of the epididymis was performed through databases and official websites of journals related to reproduction. The epididymis was searched in databases and on the official websites of journals related to reproduction. This review introduces the characteristics of the epididymis, as well as the biological functions of cell types such as principal cells, clear cells, and basal cells, providing a detailed description of the overall physiological functions of the epididymis. It highlights current research hotspots in the field of epididymis, including single-cell analysis, epigenetics, and extracellular vesicles, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding for beginners. The review emphasizes the importance of the epididymis, its impact on sperm maturation and subsequent embryo development, and how it advances research on epididymal diseases while providing new directions for the study and treatment strategies of infertility.
Management of oligometastatic and oligoprogressive epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients: state of the art of a combined approach
Authors: Di Pressa Francesca , Perrone Fabiana , Benini Anna , Lohr Frank , Tiseo Marcello , Bruni Alessio
Published: May 2024

Recently, the development of targeted therapy approaches such as those based on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) greatly improved the clinical outcomes of patients affected by oncogene addicted advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Similarly, the improvement of radiation therapy techniques has permitted to deliver high radiation doses to a limited number of metastatic target lesions (oligopersistent or oligoprogressive), with limited high-dose normal tissue exposure that leads to low severe toxicity rates. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the currently established definition of oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease, to define first line and subsequent lines targeted therapies and the role of consolidative non-invasive local ablative treatments (LATs) in these settings. The potential benefit of local treatment (LT) such as radiotherapy (RT) or surgery might be represented by an overall reduction of switching to subsequent systemic treatments lowering the risk of further systemic dissemination. Further randomized clinical trials will clarify the role of LT and their correct timing in relation to systemic targeted therapies.
Present and future of new systemic therapies for early and intermediate stages of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Urquijo-Ponce Juan Jose , Alventosa-Mateu Carlos , Latorre-Sánchez Mercedes , Castelló-Miralles Inmaculada , Diago Moisés
Published: May 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high mortality neoplasm which usually appears on a cirrhotic liver. The therapeutic arsenal and subsequent prognostic outlook are intrinsically linked to the HCC stage at diagnosis. Notwithstanding the current deployment of treatments with curative intent (liver resection/local ablation and liver transplantation) in early and intermediate stages, a high rate of HCC recurrence persists, underscoring a pivotal clinical challenge. Emergent systemic therapies (ST), particularly immunotherapy, have demonstrate promising outcomes in terms of increase overall survival, but they are currently bound to the advanced stage of HCC. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature, encompassing studies up to March 10th, 2024, evaluating the impact of novel ST in the early and intermediate HCC stages, specially focusing on the findings of neoadjuvant and adjuvant regimens, aimed at increasing significantly overall survival and recurrence-free survival after a treatment with curative intent. We also investigate the potential role of ST in enhancing the downstaging rate for the intermediate-stage HCC initially deemed ineligible for treatment with curative intent. Finally, we critically discuss about the current relevance of the results of these studies and the encouraging future implications of ST in the treatment schedules of early and intermediate HCC stages.
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and long-term prognosis of adult autoimmune enteropathy: Experience from Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Li Mu-Han , Ruan Ge-Chong , Zhou Wei-Xun , Li Xiao-Qing , Zhang Sheng-Yu , Chen Yang , Bai Xiao-Yin , Yang Hong , Zhang Yu-Jie , Zhao Peng-Yu , Li Ji , Li Jing-Nan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare disease whose diagnosis and long-term prognosis remain challenging, especially for adult AIE patients.

AIM

To improve overall understanding of this disease’s diagnosis and prognosis.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, endoscopic and histopathological characteristics and prognoses of 16 adult AIE patients in our tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2023, whose diagnosis was based on the 2007 diagnostic criteria.

RESULTS

Diarrhea in AIE patients was characterized by secretory diarrhea. The common endoscopic manifestations were edema, villous blunting and mucosal hyperemia in the duodenum and ileum. Villous blunting (100%), deep crypt lymphocytic infiltration (67%), apoptotic bodies (50%), and mild intraepithelial lymphocytosis (69%) were observed in the duodenal biopsies. Moreover, there were other remarkable abnormalities, including reduced or absent goblet cells (duodenum 94%, ileum 62%), reduced or absent Paneth cells (duodenum 94%, ileum 69%) and neutrophil infiltration (duodenum 100%, ileum 69%). Our patients also fulfilled the 2018 diagnostic criteria but did not match the 2022 diagnostic criteria due to undetectable anti-enterocyte antibodies. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy as the initial medication, of which 14/16 patients achieved a clinical response in 5 (IQR: 3-20) days. Immunosuppressants were administered to 9 patients with indications of steroid dependence (6/9), steroid refractory status (2/9), or intensified maintenance medication (1/9). During the median of 20.5 months of follow-up, 2 patients died from multiple organ failure, and 1 was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The cumulative relapse-free survival rates were 62.5%, 55.6% and 37.0% at 6 months, 12 months and 48 months, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Certain histopathological findings, including a decrease or disappearance of goblet and Paneth cells in intestinal biopsies, might be potential diagnostic criteria for adult AIE. The long-term prognosis is still unsatisfactory despite corticosteroid and immunosuppressant medications, which highlights the need for early diagnosis and novel medications.
Anymore, this feature varies: An experimental study of non-polarity anymore
Authors: Blanchette Frances , Keppenne Valerie
Published: May 2024

The non-polarity “positive” anymore construction (NPAM; e.g., I write letters anymore, ‘I write letters nowadays’) is a vernacular feature found in the Midland dialect region. Analyses have suggested that while its negative polarity counterpart (I don’t write letters anymore) is associated with a positive presupposition and a negative assertion, NPAM contributes a negative presupposition and a positive assertion. This paper presents an experiment testing this hypothesis. The results provide initial support for the negative presupposition—positive assertion analysis of NPAM, but suggest that regional exposure is not necessary to know this feature does not share the same meaning as NPI-anymore.
Pengembangan Proses Bisnis Pelayanan Statistik Terpadu Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surabaya Menggunakan Metode Prototyping
Authors: Hidayatur Alfi , Yuana Alvi , Wafi Ahmad , Harjo Rizal , Maulana Tresna , Terza Aviolla
Published: May 2024

Di era digital yang semakin berkembang, data statistik memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk perencanaan pembangunan, pengambilan keputusan strategis, serta pemantauan dan evaluasi kinerja organisasi. Keberhasilan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dan efisien sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan dan aksesibilitas data yang berkualitas. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kota Surabaya, sebagai lembaga yang bertanggung jawab atas pengumpulan, pengolahan, dan penyebaran data statistik di tingkat kota, telah merespons perubahan lingkungan digital dengan langkah progresif yaitu dengan melakukan pengembangan Pelayanan Statistik Terpadu (PST) digital. PST digital adalah upaya modernisasi yang bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa data statistik yang dikelola oleh BPS Kota Surabaya dapat diakses, dianalisis, dan dimanfaatkan dengan lebih efektif oleh berbagai pemangku kepentingan, termasuk pemerintah, sektor swasta, akademisi, dan masyarakat umum. Dalam pengembangannya, Pelayanan Statistik Terpadu (PST) digital ini menggunakan metode prototyping. Dengan menggabungkan perpustakaan digital, website, dan metode prototyping diharapkan pengembangan ini akan memberikan terobosan yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan statistik yang disediakan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik kota Surabaya.
Malignancies in individuals living with HIV/AIDS
Authors:   Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Mibrobiology, Istanbul, Turkey, Kaya Bülent , Kaya Sibel Doğan ,   Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Kosuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Öcal Gülfem Akengin ,   Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Mibrobiology, Istanbul, Turkey, Yıldırım Mahmut Emre ,   Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital Oncologly, Istanbul, Turkey, Yılmaz Güven ,   Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital Hematology, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: May 2024

Background. The incidence of malignancy is heightened in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite a decrease in the incidence of HIV infection resulting from antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of HIV-associated malignancies remains substantial. Objective. Our objective was to examine the types of cancer that initially manifest in individuals infected with HIV or emerge during their subsequent observation period. Material and method. The study conducted a retrospective analysis of demographic characteristics, malignancy types, presenting symptoms, mode of transmission, HIV-RNA levels, and CD4/CD8 ratios in individuals living with HIV who developed malignancies and were under follow-up at the Infectious Diseases Polyclinic between October 2018 and December 2022. Results. Out of the 465 patients who were monitored during the study, 27 individuals (5.8%) were diagnosed with various malignancies. Among these patients, 22 (81%) were men and 5 (19%) were women. The average age of the patients ranged from 45.87 to 9.12 years. Among the patients, 17 (63%) were married and 10 (17%) were single. In terms of education, 16 patients (59.3%) had completed primary school, 7 patients (25.9%) were university graduates, and 4 patients (14.8%) had completed high school. The mode of HIV transmission in all patients was through sexual intercourse. The reasons for testing varied, with 8 patients (29.7%) being tested due to fever, 6 patients (22.2%) before undergoing surgery, 3 patients (11.1%) due to weight loss, and 2 patients (7.4%) tested for reasons such as job application, diarrhea, pre-blood donation, lymphadenomegaly, and dysphagia. The most common types of malignancies observed in the patients were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with 11 cases (40.7%), followed by Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) with 5 cases (18.5%), and cervical carcinoma with 3 cases (11.1%). Conclusion. The incidence of cancer is higher among individuals with HIV. There is a need to enhance the awareness among both healthcare providers who specialize in HIV care and those who do not.
Lessons for the world: Rabies resurgence in rabies free Timor-Leste and the urgent actions needed for prevention measures
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Anjum Ramisa
Published: May 2024

Rabies, a fatal viral illness transmitted from animals to humans, remains a globally significant public health concern. Timor-Leste, previously considered rabies-free, reported its first fatal human rabies case in March 2024, signaling a resurgence of the disease. The case involved a 19-year-old female bitten by a dog in December 2023, highlighting gaps in post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) administration. Subsequent investigations revealed 29 suspected rabies cases, prompting urgent public health responses including dog vaccinations and healthcare worker training. Despite challenges such as limited vaccine availability, comprehensive strategies advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) offer hope for rabies control. This event underscores the critical need for proactive measures including vaccination programs, public education, surveillance enhancement, and regional cooperation to prevent rabies emergence and safeguard public health in Timor-Leste and beyond.
IoT Based Early Flood Alerting System
Authors: Nadella Hakesh , Ashish Jyothir , Brindha R.
Published: May 2024

The frequency and intensity of floods have increased recently in many parts of the world, increasing the need for cutting-edge technology solutions to mitigate the effects of these natural disasters. It is crucial to keep aneye on the water flow and get early emergency alerts regarding the water level based on the riverbed in order toprevent such disasters. The goal of this project is to create asystem that employs cutting-edge sensors and a Wi-Fi module to detect the water level. The suggested system has a number of sensors that can track important variables, including temperature, humidity, and water level. If the level crosses a certain threshold, The system will send out early warnings to everyone, alerting them to the likelihood of floods. To process and store data, we have linked the Arduino UNO to each sensor. The system can notify a wider audience by sending email alerts, ensuring that individuals in flood-prone areas receive timely warnings. Additionally, the use ofa Wi-Fi module enables real-time data transmission and remote monitoring of water levels, allowing authorities to take preemptive measures and minimize the impact of potential floods. By integrating advanced sensors with communication technology, this project aims to enhance early warning systems and contribute to more effective disaster management strategies in vulnerable regions. Ultimately, the implementation of such innovative solutions can significantly improve community resilience and reduce the adverse consequences of flooding events.
LAND SUPPLY MARKETIZATION, ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS AND WELFARE: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR CHINA
Authors: He Yiyao , Wu Mengyuan , Jiang Haiwei
Published: May 2024

Land supply in China is planned by governments, and the supply ratios of various types of land are in relatively rigid administrative control. This paper constructs a DSGE model to study the relationship between land supply marketization in China and economic fluctuations. Moreover, this paper evaluates the social welfare gains from land marketization. We document that the government’s land planning constraint impacts consumption and social welfare through the land price and final output, causing resource misallocation losses in aggregate investment and output. Quantitatively, the optimal upper limit of industrial land supply is about 40% to achieve the maximum social welfare. This paper stresses the necessity of revitalizing China’s land market, and simultaneously speeding up the marketization of collectively operated construction land.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE GREEN DESIGN MODEL BASED ON COSTS, CO2 EMISSIONS AND SERVICEABILITY FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WITH A MEGA-STRUCTURE SYSTEM
Authors: Choi Jewoo , Lee Seung Hyeong , Hong Taehoon , Lee Dong-Eun , Park Hyo Seon
Published: May 2024

In light of growing environmental concerns, the reduction of CO2 emissions is increasingly vital. Particularly in the construction industry, a major contributor to global carbon emissions, addressing this issue is critical for environmental sustainability and mitigating the accelerating impacts of climate change. This study proposes the Optimal Green Design Model for Mega Structures (OGDMM) to optimise CO2 emissions, cost-effectiveness, and serviceability in highrise buildings with mega structures. The OGDMM examines the impact of each material and structural design of main members on these three critical aspects. Analytical results for high-rise buildings (120–200 m, slenderness ratio: 2.0–8.0) demonstrate that OGDMM can reduce CO2 emissions and costs by an average of 4.67% and 3.97%, respectively, without compromising serviceability. To ensure comprehensive evaluation, this study introduces five new evaluation indicators encompassing environmental, economic, and serviceability performances of high-rise buildings. Based on these criteria, optimised structural designs for high-rise buildings are classified into four categories according to slenderness ratio, leading to the formulation of corresponding design guidelines. The model’s applicability is further validated through its application to a 270-m-tall high-rise building in Korea, showing reductions in CO2 emissions and costs by 8.99% and 18.50%, respectively, while maintaining structural serviceability.
A MODEL FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE-INCOME SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Lopes Jorge , Banaitienė Nerija
Published: May 2024

Buildings and other constructed facilities form the essential framework of a country’s physical and economic infrastructure. Construction serves as a key capital input to production, driving economic growth and wealth generation. This impact can be particularly transformative in low-to-middle-income countries. Physical infrastructure, including construction, is a powerful engine of economic growth and is closely related to national economic performance. However, not all studies agree with the commonly held belief that construction investment has a positive impact on economic growth, particularly concerning the amount of investment and the relationship between construction investment and economic growth. So far, cross-country studies dealing with the construction sector-economic growth relationship have used indicators of national output and construction that are not strictly comparable between countries. This article reviews the main strands of the literature on the role that the construction sector plays in the national economy and economic development. It also uses novel data drawn from the “capital file” of the PENN World Table (version 10.1) to assess the development pattern of the construction sector in two groups of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries on the middle-income status of economic development, for the period between 1990 and 2019. The study reveals that construction shares, measured as the proportion of gross fixed capital formation attributable to construction in the gross domestic product, revolve around a norm determined by the level of built assets preceding the reference period. The results of the study could have policy implications for the economic sustainability of the construction industry in SSA.
Feasibility of High-resolution Transmission Spectroscopy for Low-velocity Exoplanets
Authors: Cheverall Connor J. , Madhusudhan Nikku
Published: May 2024

In recent years, high-resolution transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared has led to detections of prominent molecules in several giant exoplanets on close-in orbits. This approach has traditionally relied on the large Doppler shifts of the planetary spectral lines induced by the high velocities of close-in planets, which were considered necessary for separating them from the quasi-static stellar and telluric lines. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-resolution transmission spectroscopy for chemical detections in atmospheres of temperate low-mass exoplanets around M dwarfs with low radial velocity variation during transit. We pursue this goal using model injection and recovery tests with H- and K-band high-resolution spectroscopy of the temperate sub-Neptune TOI-732 c, observed using the IGRINS spectrograph on Gemini South. We show that planetary signals in transit may be recovered when the change in the planet’s radial velocity is very small, down to subpixel velocities. This is possible due to the presence of the planetary signal in only a subset of the observed spectra. A sufficient number of out-of-transit spectra can create enough contrast between the planet signal and telluric/stellar contaminants that the planet signal does not constitute a principal component of the time-series spectra and can therefore be isolated using principal-component-analysis-based detrending without relying on a significant Doppler shift. We additionally explore novel metrics for finding such signals, and investigate trends in their detectability. Our work extends the scope of high-resolution transmission spectroscopy and creates a pathway toward the characterization of habitable sub-Neptune worlds with ground-based facilities.
Differences between Stable and Unstable Architectures of Compact Planetary Systems
Authors: Volk Kathryn , Malhotra Renu
Published: May 2024

We present a stability analysis of a large set of simulated planetary systems of three or more planets based on architectures of multiplanet systems discovered by Kepler and K2. We propagated 21,400 simulated planetary systems up to 5 billion orbits of the innermost planet; approximately 13% of these simulations ended in a planet–planet collision within that time span. We examined trends in dynamical stability based on dynamical spacings, orbital period ratios, and mass ratios of nearest-neighbor planets as well as the system-wide planet mass distribution and the spectral fraction describing the system’s short-term evolution. We find that instability is more likely in planetary systems with adjacent planet pairs that have period ratios less than 2 and in systems of greater variance of planet masses. Systems with planet pairs at very small dynamical spacings (less than ∼10–12 mutual Hill radii) are also prone to instabilities, but instabilities also occur at much larger planetary separations. We find that a large spectral fraction (calculated from short integrations) is a reasonable predictor of longer-term dynamical instability; systems that have a large number of Fourier components in their eccentricity vectors are prone to secular chaos and subsequent eccentricity growth and instabilities.
JWST Observations of Starbursts: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission at the Base of the M82 Galactic Wind
Authors: Bolatto Alberto D. , Levy Rebecca C. , Tarantino Elizabeth , Boyer Martha L. , Fisher Deanne B. , Cronin Serena A. , Leroy Adam K. , Klessen Ralf S. , Smith J. D. , Berg Danielle A. , Böker Torsten , Boogaard Leindert A. , Ostriker Eve C. , Thompson Todd A. , Ott Juergen , Lenkić Laura , Lopez Laura A. , Dale Daniel A. , Veilleux Sylvain , van der Werf Paul P. , Glover Simon C. O. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Skillman Evan D. , Chisholm John , Villanueva Vicente , Lai Thomas S.-Y. , Lopez Sebastian , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Emig Kimberly L. , Armus Lee , Mayya Divakara , Meier David S. , De Looze Ilse , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Walter Fabian , Relaño Mónica , Koziol Hannah B. , Marvil Joshua , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Martini Paul
Published: May 2024

We present new observations of the central 1 kpc of the M82 starburst obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared camera instrument at a resolution θ ∼ 0.″05–0.″1 (∼1–2 pc). The data comprises images in three mostly continuum filters (F140M, F250M, and F360M), and filters that contain [Fe ii] (F164N), H2
v = 1 → 0 (F212N), and the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature (F335M). We find prominent plumes of PAH emission extending outward from the central starburst region, together with a network of complex filamentary substructures and edge-brightened bubble-like features. The structure of the PAH emission closely resembles that of the ionized gas, as revealed in Paschen α and free–free radio emission. We discuss the origin of the structure, and suggest the PAHs are embedded in a combination of neutral, molecular, and photoionized gas.
Predicting the Spectroscopic Features of Galaxies by Applying Manifold Learning on Their Broadband Colors: Proof of Concept and Potential Applications for Euclid, Roman, and Rubin LSST
Authors: Jafariyazani Marziye , Masters Daniel , Faisst Andreas L. , Teplitz Harry I. , Ilbert Olivier
Published: May 2024

Entering the era of large-scale galaxy surveys, which will deliver unprecedented amounts of photometric and spectroscopic data, there is a growing need for more efficient, data-driven, and less model-dependent techniques to analyze the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. In this work, we demonstrate that by taking advantage of manifold learning approaches, we can estimate spectroscopic features of large samples of galaxies from their broadband photometry when spectroscopy is available only for a fraction of the sample. This will be done by applying the self-organizing map algorithm on broadband colors of galaxies and mapping partially available spectroscopic information into the trained maps. In this pilot study, we focus on estimating the 4000 Å break in a magnitude-limited sample of galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. We also examine this method to predict the Hδ

A
index given our available spectroscopic measurements. We use observed galaxy colors (u,g,r,i,z,Y,J,H), as well as spectroscopic measurements for a fraction of the sample from the LEGA-C and zCOSMOS spectroscopic surveys to estimate this feature for our parent photometric sample. We recover the D4000 feature for galaxies that only have broadband colors with uncertainties about twice the uncertainty of the employed spectroscopic surveys. Using these measurements, we observe a positive correlation between D4000 and the stellar mass of the galaxies in our sample with weaker D4000 features for higher-redshift galaxies at fixed stellar masses. These can be explained by the downsizing scenario for the formation of galaxies and the decrease in their specific star formation rate as well as the aging of their stellar populations over this time period.
Toward Early-type Eclipsing Binaries as Extragalactic Milestones. III. Physical Properties of the O-type Eclipsing Binary OGLE LMC-ECL-21568 in a Quadruple System*
,

†
Authors: Taormina Mónica , Kudritzki R.-P. , Pilecki B. , Pietrzyński G. , Thompson I. B. , Puls J. , Górski M. , Zgirski B. , Graczyk D. , Gieren W. , Hajdu G.
Published: May 2024

We present the results from a complex study of an eclipsing O-type binary (Aa+Ab) with the orbital period of P
A = 3.2254367 days that forms part of a higher-order multiple system in a configuration of (A+B)+C. We derived masses of the Aa+Ab binary of M
1 = 19.02 ± 0.12 and M
2 = 17.50 ± 0.13 M
⊙, the radii of R
1 = 7.70 ± 0.05 and R
2 = 6.64 ± 0.06 R
⊙, and temperatures of T
1 = 34,250 ± 500 K and T
2 = 33,750 ± 500 K. From the analysis of the radial velocities, we found a spectroscopic orbit of A in the outer A+B system with P
A+B = 195.8 days (P
A+B/P
A ≈ 61). In the O − C analysis, we confirmed this orbit and found another component orbiting the A+B system with P
AB+C = 2550 days (P
AB+C/P
A+B ≈ 13). From the total mass of the inner binary and its outer orbit, we estimated the mass of the third object, M
B ≳ 10.7 M
⊙. From the light travel time effect fit to the O − C data, we obtained the limit for the mass of the fourth component, M
C ≳ 7.3 M
⊙. These extra components contribute about 20%–30% (increasing with wavelength) to the total system light. From the comparison of model spectra with the multiband photometry, we derived a distance modulus of 18.59 ± 0.06 mag, a reddening of 0.16 ± 0.02 mag, and an RV
of 3.2. This work is part of our ongoing project, which aims to calibrate the surface brightness–color relation for early-type stars.
Forecasts for Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Constraints from Dwarf Galaxy Surveys
Authors: Nadler Ethan O. , Gluscevic Vera , Driskell Trey , Wechsler Risa H. , Moustakas Leonidas A. , Benson Andrew , Mao Yao-Yuan
Published: May 2024

The abundance of faint dwarf galaxies is determined by the underlying population of low-mass dark matter (DM) halos and the efficiency of galaxy formation in these systems. Here, we quantify potential galaxy formation and DM constraints from future dwarf satellite galaxy surveys. We generate satellite populations using a suite of Milky Way (MW)–mass cosmological zoom-in simulations and an empirical galaxy–halo connection model, and assess sensitivity to galaxy formation and DM signals when marginalizing over galaxy–halo connection uncertainties. We find that a survey of all satellites around one MW-mass host can constrain a galaxy formation cutoff at peak virial masses of

M

50

=

10

8

M

⊙

at the 1σ level; however, a tail toward low

M

50

prevents a 2σ measurement. In this scenario, combining hosts with differing bright satellite abundances significantly reduces uncertainties on

M

50

at the 1σ level, but the 2σ tail toward low

M

50

persists. We project that observations of one (two) complete satellite populations can constrain warm DM models with m
WDM ≈ 10 keV (20 keV). Subhalo mass function (SHMF) suppression can be constrained to ≈70%, 60%, and 50% that in cold dark matter (CDM) at peak virial masses of 108, 109, and 1010
M
⊙, respectively; SHMF enhancement constraints are weaker (≈20, 4, and 2 times that in CDM, respectively) due to galaxy–halo connection degeneracies. These results motivate searches for faint dwarf galaxies beyond the MW and indicate that ongoing missions like Euclid and upcoming facilities including the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will probe new galaxy formation and DM physics.
WawHelioIonMP: A Semiempirical Tool for the Determination of Latitudinal Variation in the Ionization Rate of Interstellar Hydrogen and the Solar Wind
Authors: Porowski C. , Bzowski M.
Published: May 2024

The latitudinal structure of the solar wind varies during the cycle of solar activity. Analysis of this variation is important for understanding the solar activity and interpretation of observations of heliospheric energetic neutral hydrogen atoms and interstellar neutral (ISN) atoms inside the heliosphere, which yield information on the heliosphere and its interaction with the interstellar medium. Existing methods of retrieving this information from indirect remote-sensing measurements of phenomena, including the heliospheric backscatter glow and interplanetary scintillations of remote radio sources, are challenging to apply in real time. Here, we propose a method WawHelioIonMP of approximate retrieval of latitudinal profiles of the ionization rates of ISN H using a machine-learning-based interpretation of the helioglow. Assuming that we know their history during two past solar cycles and have observations of the helioglow for close-to-circumsolar circles with a radius close to 90°, we derive statistically an algebraic relation between the ionization profiles and lightcurves. With the relation reversed, we are then able to derive the ionization rate profiles based on observed light curves, such as those planned for the GLObal solar Wind Structure (GLOWS) experiment on the forthcoming NASA mission Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP). The application of this method is straightforward and rapid because complex simulations are no longer needed. We present the method of retrieval of the profiles of the ionization rates, leaving the discussion of details of the decomposition of the retrieved ionization rate profiles into profiles of the solar wind speed and density to a future paper.
Investigations of Massive Filaments and Star Formation (INFANT). I. Core Identification and Core Mass Function
Authors: Cheng 程 Yu 宇 , Lu 吕 Xing 行 , Sanhueza Patricio , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Zhang Qizhou , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Wang Ke , Nakamura Fumitaka , Liu Tie , Feng Siyi , Li Shanghuo , Jiao Sihan , Tanaka Kei E. I. , Liu Xunchuan , Li Pak Shing , Luo Qiuyi , Gu Qilao , Lin Yuxin , Guzmán Andrés E.
Published: May 2024

Filamentary structures are ubiquitously found in high-mass star-forming clouds. To investigate the relationship between filaments and star formation, we carry out the INFANT (Investigations of Massive Filaments and Sar Formation) survey, a multiscale, multiwavelength survey of massive filamentary clouds with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 3/band 6 and Very Large Array K band. In this first paper, we present the ALMA band 6 continuum observations toward a sample of eight high-mass star-forming filaments. We covered each target with an approximately rectangular mosaic field of view with two 12 m array configurations, achieving an angular resolution of ∼0.″6 (2700 au at 4.5 kpc) and a continuum rms of ∼0.1 mJy beam−1 (∼0.06 M
⊙ in gas mass assuming 15 K). We identify cores using the getsf and astrodendro and find the former is more robust in terms of both identification and measuring flux densities. We identify in total 183 dense cores (15–36 cores in each cloud) and classify their star formation states via outflow and warm gas tracers. The protostellar cores are statistically more massive than the prestellar cores, possibly indicating further accretion onto cores after the formation of protostars. For the high-mass end (

M

core

> 1.5 M
⊙) of the core mass function (CMF) we derive a power-law index of −1.15 ± 0.12 for the whole sample and −1.70 ± 0.25 for the prestellar population. We also find a steepening trend in CMF with cloud evolution (−0.89 ± 0.15 for the young group versus. −1.44 ± 0.25 for the evolved group) and discuss its implications for cluster formation.
Extrapolation of Type Ia Supernova Spectra into the Near-infrared Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Burrow Anthony , Baron E. , Burns Christopher R. , Hsiao Eric Y. , Lu Jing , Ashall Chris , Brown Peter J. , DerKacy James M. , Folatelli G. , Galbany Lluís , Hoeflich P. , Krisciunas Kevin , Morrell N. , Phillips M. M. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Suntzeff Nicholas B.
Published: May 2024

We present a method of extrapolating the spectroscopic behavior of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength regime up to 2.30 μm using optical spectroscopy. Such a process is useful for accurately estimating K-corrections and other photometric quantities of SNe Ia in the NIR. A principal component analysis is performed on data consisting of Carnegie Supernova Project I & II optical and NIR FIRE spectra to produce models capable of making these extrapolations. This method differs from previous spectral template methods by not parameterizing models strictly by photometric light-curve properties of SNe Ia, allowing for more flexibility of the resulting extrapolated NIR flux. A difference of around −3.1% to −2.7% in the total integrated NIR flux between these extrapolations and the observations is seen here for most test cases including Branch core-normal and shallow-silicon subtypes. However, larger deviations from the observation are found for other tests, likely due to the limited high-velocity and broad-line SNe Ia in the training sample. Maximum-light principal components are shown to allow for spectroscopic predictions of the color-stretch light-curve parameter, s
BV, within approximately ±0.1 units of the value measured with photometry. We also show these results compare well with NIR templates, although in most cases the templates are marginally more fitting to observations, illustrating a need for more concurrent optical+NIR spectroscopic observations to truly understand the diversity of SNe Ia in the NIR.
What if the Universe Expands Linearly? A Local General Relativity to Solve the “Zero Active Mass” Problem
Authors: Monjo Robert
Published: May 2024

Modern cosmology presents important challenges such as the Hubble Tension, El Gordo’s collision, or the impossible galaxies (z > 10). Slight modifications to the standard model propose new parameters (e.g., the early and dynamical dark energy). On the other hand, alternatives such as the coasting universes (e.g., the hyperconical model and the spatially flat R

h
= ct universe) are statistically compatible with most of the observational tests, but still present theoretical problems in matching the observed matter contents since they predict a “zero active gravitational mass.” To solve these open issues, we suggest that general relativity might be not valid at cosmic scales, but it would be valid at local scales. This proposal is addressed from two main features of the embedding hyperconical model: (1) the background metric would be independent of the matter content, and (2) the observed cosmic acceleration would be fictitious and because of a distorted stereographic projection of coordinates that produce an apparent radial inhomogeneity from homogeneous manifolds. Finally, to support the discussion, standard observational tests were updated here, showing that the hyperconical model is adequately fitted to Type Ia supernovae, quasars, galaxy clusters, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic chronometer data sets.
Monitoring AGNs with Hβ Asymmetry. IV. First Reverberation Mapping Results of 14 Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Zastrocky T. E. , Brotherton Michael S. , Du Pu , McLane Jacob N. , Olson Kianna A. , Dale D. A. , Kobulnicky H. A. , Maithil Jaya , Nguyen My L. , Chick William T. , Kasper David H. , Hand Derek , Adelman C. , Carter Z. , Murphree G. , Oeur M. , Roth T. , Schonsberg S. , Caradonna M. J. , Favro J. , Ferguson A. J. , Gonzalez I. M. , Hadding L. M. , Hagler H. D. , Rogers C. J. , Stack T. R. , Chapman Franklin , Bao Dong-Wei , Fang Feng-Na , Zhai Shuo , Yang Sen , Chen Yong-Jie , Bai Hua-Rui , Fu Yi-Xin , Liu Jun-Rong , Yao Zhu-Heng , Peng Yue-Chang , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Li Yan-Rong , Bai Jin-Ming , Hu Chen , Xiao Ming , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jian-Min
Published: May 2024

We report first-time reverberation-mapping results for 14 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ongoing Monitoring AGNs with Hβ Asymmetry campaign (MAHA). These results utilize optical spectra obtained with the Long Slit Spectrograph on the Wyoming Infrared 2.3 m Telescope between 2017 November and 2023 May. MAHA combines long-duration monitoring with high cadence. We report results from multiple observing seasons for nine of the 14 objects. These results include Hβ time lags, supermassive black hole masses, and velocity-resolved time lags. The velocity-resolved lags allow us to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region.
How do predator interference, prey herding and their possible retaliation affect prey-predator coexistence?
Authors: Acotto Francesca , Venturino Ezio
Published: May 2024

In this paper, focusing on individualistic generalist predators and prey living in herds which coexist in a common area, we propose a generalization of a previous model, namely, a two-population system that accounts for the prey response to predator attacks. In particular, we suggest a new prey-predator interaction term with a denominator of the Beddington-DeAngelis form and a function in the numerator that behaves as $ N $ for small values of $ N $, and as $ N^{\alpha} $ for large values of $ N $, where $ N $ denotes the number of prey. We can take the savanna biome as a reference example, concentrating on large herbivores inhabiting it and some predators that feed on them. Only two conditionally stable equilibrium points have emerged from the model analysis: the predator-only equilibrium and the coexistence one. Transcritical bifurcations from the former to the latter type of equilibrium, as well as saddle-node bifurcations of the coexistence equilibrium have been identified numerically by using MATLAB. In addition, the model was found to exhibit bistability. Bistability is studied by using the MATLAB toolbox bSTAB, paying particular attention to the basin stability values. Comparison of coexistence equilibria with other prey-predator models in the literature essentially shows that, in this case, prey thrive in greater numbers and predators in smaller numbers. The population changes due to parameter variations were found to be significantly less pronounced.
On elliptic valued b-metric spaces and some new fixed point results with an application
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta Kumar , Ege Ozgur , Ahmad Junaid , Aloqaily Ahmad , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce the concept of elliptic-valued b-metric spaces, extending the notions of elliptic-valued metric spaces and complex-valued metric spaces. We present several fixed-point results that involve rational and product terms within this novel space framework. To support our main findings, we offer numerical examples. Additionally, we demonstrate an application of Urysohn integral equations.
Numerical and statistical approach on chemotaxis-haptotaxis model for cancer cell invasion of tissue
Authors: Pekmen Bengisen , Yirmili Ummuhan
Published: May 2024

In this study, a one-dimensional chemotaxis-haptotaxis model of cancer cell invasion of tissue was numerically and statistically investigated. In the numerical part, the time dependent, nonlinear, triplet governing dimensionless equations consisting of cancer cell (CC) density, extracellular matrix (ECM) density, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) density were solved by the radial basis function (RBF) collocation method both in time and space discretization. In the statistical part, mean CC density, mean ECM density, and mean uPA density were modeled by two different machine learning approaches. The datasets for modeling were originated from the numerical results. The numerical method was performed in a set of parameter combinations by parallel computing and the data in case of convergent combinations were stored. In this data, inputs consisted of selected time values up to a maximum time value and converged parameter values, and outputs were mean CC, mean ECM, and mean uPA. The whole data was divided randomly into train and test data. Trilayer neural network (TNN) and multilayer adaptive regression splines (Mars) model the train data. Then, the models were tested on test data. TNN modeling resulting in terms of mean squared error metric was better than Mars results.
The Impact of Short Video Live Broadcast on the Sales of Sports Machinery and Equipment
Authors: Huang Chunyue , Chen Lichun
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a neural network model based on deep learning, which can better analyze the impact of short video live broadcast on sports machinery and equipment. Firstly, this paper proposes a U-Net-based convolutional neural network as the backbone network of this paper, which mainly realizes the impact of short video live broadcast on sales. Secondly, this paper proposes a dense residual module based on the Transformer lightweight module, which can effectively improve the global modeling ability of the network model and improve the prediction accuracy of the network model. Finally, through a large number of experiments, it is proved that the convolutional neural network based on U-Net proposed in this paper can be better used for the task of short video live broadcast for the sales of sports machinery and equipment, and achieves better prediction accuracy and reasoning speed.
Youth Sources of News During the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Badreya Al-jenaibi (536d4bda-1d8b-42f0-94b7-3346c14bc901
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and everyday lives. Not only the spread rate of contagion and patterns of transmission endangered our sense of security, but the safety measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus also require social distancing. In this context of physical threat, social and physical distancing, the role of the different mass media channels and social media in lives of individual, social and societal levels cannot be underestimated.