bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based multiple-choice test assessment of clinical competence for large groups of medical students: a comparison of auscultation sound identification either with or without clinical context
Authors: Nguyen Diem Quyen , Patenaude Jean-Victor , Gagnon Robert , Deligne Benoit , Bouthillier Isabelle
Published: April 2020

Background: Although simulation-based teaching is popular, high-fidelity, high-cost approaches may be unsuitable or unavailable for use with large groups. We designed a multiple-choice test for large groups of medical students to explore a low-cost approach in assessing clinical competence. We tested two different scenarios in assessing student’s ability to identify heart and lung sounds: by hearing the sounds alone, or in an enhanced scenario where sounds are incorporated into clinical vignettes to give clinical context.Method: The two-section test consists of multiple-choice questions with one best answer.  In the first section, the student must identify 25 auscultation sounds from amongst a choice of 14 heart sounds and 11 lung-sounds. The second section integrates these same sounds into clinical vignettes to provide clinical context. Students must either identify the illness or the next clinical step, choosing from four possible answers.  Performances of 859 students were evaluated.Results:  The alpha coefficient of reliability is 0.54 and 0.76 respectively for the first and the second section. In the latter section there is significant difference between scores of first, second, fourth year students and residents, in contrast to the first-section scores.  Conclusions: A multiple-choice test to assess clinical competence based on simulated auscultation sounds incorporated into clinical vignettes allows us to differentiate between training levels and seems to be a valid assessment method suitable for large-group format.
Using script theory to cultivate illness script formation and clinical reasoning in health professions education
Authors: Lubarsky Stuart , Dory Valérie , Audétat Marie-Claude , Custers Eugène , Charlin Bernard
Published: April 2020

Background: Script theory proposes an explanation for how information is stored in and retrieved from the human mind to influence individuals’ interpretation of events in the world. Applied to medicine, script theory focuses on knowledge organization as the foundation of clinical reasoning during patient encounters. According to script theory, medical knowledge is bundled into networks called ‘illness scripts’ that allow physicians to integrate new incoming information with existing knowledge, recognize patterns and irregularities in symptom complexes, identify similarities and differences between disease states, and make predictions about how diseases are likely to unfold. These knowledge networks become updated and refined through experience and learning. The implications of script theory on medical education are profound. Since clinician-teachers cannot simply transfer their customized collections of illness scripts into the minds of learners, they must create opportunities to help learners develop and fine-tune their own sets of scripts. In this essay, we provide a basic sketch of script theory, outline the role that illness scripts play in guiding reasoning during clinical encounters, and propose strategies for aligning teaching practices in the classroom and the clinical setting with the basic principles of script theory.
Interpretation difficulty of normal versus abnormal radiographs using a pediatric example
Authors: Boutis Kathy , Cano Stefan , Pecaric Martin , Welch-Horan T. Bram , Lampl Brooke , Ruzal-Shapiro Carrie , Pusic Martin
Published: April 2020

Background: Radiograph teaching files are usually dominated by abnormal cases, implying that normal radiographs are easier to interpret. Our main objective was to compare the interpretation difficulty of normal versus abnormal radiographs of a set of common pediatric radiographs.Methods: We developed a 234-item digital case bank of pediatric ankle radiographs, recruited a convenience sample of participants, and presented the cases to each participant who then classified the cases as normal or abnormal. We determined and contrasted the interpretation difficulty of the normal and abnormal x-rays items using Rasch Measurement Theory. We also identified case features that were associated with item difficulty.Results: 139 participants (86 medical students, 7 residents, 29 fellows, 5 emergency physicians, and 3 radiologists) rated a minimum of 50 cases each, which resulted in 16,535 total ratings. Abnormal cases were more difficult (+0.99 logits) than were normal ones (-0.58 logits), difference 1.57 logits (95% CI 1.2, 2.0), but there was considerable overlap in difficulty scores. Patient variables associated with a more difficult normal radiograph included younger patient age (β = -0.16, 95% CI -0.22, -0.10), history of distal fibular tenderness (β = 0.55, 95% CI 0.17, 0.93), and presence of a secondary ossification centre (β = 0.84, 95% CI 0.27, 1.41).Conclusions: While abnormal images were more difficult to interpret, normal images did show a range of interpretation difficulties. Including a significant proportion of normal cases may be of benefit to learners.
Promoting Faculty Scholarship – An evaluation of a program for busy clinician-educators
Authors: Reader Stacia , Fornari Alice , Simon Sherenne , Townsend Janet
Published: April 2020

Background: Clinician educators face barriers to scholarship including lack of time, insufficient skills, and access to mentoring. An urban department of family medicine implemented a federally funded Scholars Program to increase the participants’ perceived confidence, knowledge and skills to conduct educational research.Method: A part-time faculty development model provided modest protected time for one year to busy clinician educators. Scholars focused on designing, implementing, and writing about a scholarly project. Scholars participated in skill seminars, cohort and individual meetings, an educational poster fair and an annual writing retreat with consultation from a visiting professor. We assessed the increases in the quantity and quality of peer reviewed education scholarship. Data included pre- and post-program self-assessed research skills and confidence and semi-structured interviews. Further, data were collected longitudinally through a survey conducted three years after program participation to assess continued involvement in educational scholarship, academic presentations and publications.Results: Ten scholars completed the program. Scholars reported that protected time, coaching by a coordinator, peer mentoring, engagement of project leaders, and involvement of a visiting professor increased confidence and ability to apply research skills. Participation resulted in academic presentations and publications and new educational leadership positions for several of the participants.Conclusions: A faculty scholars program emphasizing multi-level mentoring and focused protected time can result in increased confidence, skills and scholarly outcomes at modest cost.
СРЕДСТВА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ БЕСКОНТАКТНОГО ЗАРЯДА АККУМУЛЯТОРНЫХ БАТАРЕЙ АВТОНОМНОГО ПОДВОДНОГО АППАРАТА
Authors: Gerasimov V.A. , Komlev A.V. , Filozhenko A.Yu.
Published: April 2020

Необходимым условием эффективности системы бесконтактного заряда аккумуляторных батарей при эксплуатации автономного подводного робота служит выполнение следующих двух требований: сочетание резонансного контура на выходе инвертора и режима мягкого переключения силовых ключей инвертора, применение резонанса на вторичной стороне трансформатора. Для решения задачи, связанной с данным условием, разработана математическая модель системы с реко- мендациями по выбору параметров резонансных цепей. Таким путем достигаются: минимум потерь мощности в инверторе, а также уменьшение нагрева его элементов и, как следствие, повышение общей надежности и минимум времени полного заряда аккумуляторных батарей. С помощью действующего образца системы проведены натурные эксперименты, подтверждающие результаты исследований.

The necessary condition for the contactless battery charging system to be effective during the operation of the autonomous underwater vehicle it is mounted on is fulfilling the two following requirements: combination of the resonant circuit on the inverter output and the soft switching mode of the power switches attainment of a condition of resonance on the transformer secondary winding. To solve the problem associated with this condition, the mathematical model of the system was developed with recommendations for parameters choice of resonant circuits. This way, both power losses in the inverter and its element temperature are minimized. This enhancement improves the overall reliability and allows achieving minimal battery charging time. Some field experiments using an operational prototype of the system were carried out, proving the research results.
О ТОЧНОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КООРДИНАТ ПОДВОДНОГО МОДУЛЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ИЗМЕРЕННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДВИЖЕНИЯ БУКСИРУЕМОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Kostenko V.V. , Vaulin Yu.V. , Dubrovin F.S. , Lvov O.Yu.
Published: April 2020

Буксируемый подводный модуль (БПМ) эффективно используется для решения задач, связанных с координированием подводных объектов, местоположение которых подлежит уточнению в процессе их детальногообследования. При этом большое значение имеет точность определения координат самого буксируемогомодуля относительно судна-буксировщика. Использование гидроакустических навигационных средств, вчастности систем с ультракороткой базой (ГАНС УКБ), ограничено вследствие помех, влияющих на качествосигналов в приемной антенне. Альтернативой служит метод определения координат БПМ на основе данныхтраекторных измерений параметров буксируемой системы. К числу последних относятся расчетные значенияпараметров кабеля связи в установившихся режимах буксировки, значения путевой скорости и путевого углабуксировщика, а также измеренные значения длины кабеля, глубины погружения и курса БПМ. В работе дансравнительный анализ различных вариантов вычислительных алгоритмов, позволяющих получить оценки точности определения координат БПМ в различных режимах стационарной буксировки и при наличии сбоев вработе навигационных средств.

The towed underwater module (TUM) is a useful toolfor solving problems of the positioning of the underwaterobjects, the location of which must be clarified during its detailedinspection. Herewith, the accuracy of the determinationof the coordinates of the towed module itself relative tothe towing vessel is essential for such kind of problems. Theuse of underwater acoustic navigation means, the systemswith ultra-short baseline (USBL) in particular, are limiteddue to interference affecting the quality of the signals on thereceiving antenna. As an alternative, the method is proposedfor TUM positioning based on trajectory measurements ofparameters of the towed system, which may include calculatedvalues of communication cable parameters in steadystatetowing modes, values of ground speed and towing angle,as well as measured cable length, immersion depth, andTUM heading. The paper provides a comparative analysisof various versions of computational algorithms, which allowobtaining estimates of the TUM positioning accuracy indifferent modes of stationary towing and in the presence offailures in navigation systems operation.
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) DAN RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERBANKAN
Authors: Mukhlis Muhamad
Published: April 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) simultaneously on the stock price of banking companies; to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) partially on the stock price of companies, and; to determine which variable that is dominant between Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) on the stock price of companies. This research is explanatory research that aims to analyze the relationship between variable and other variables. The analysis technique used is descriptive test and hypothesis testing. Based on the results and the discussion in this research, it can be concluded as follows: 1) simultaneously or jointly between ROA and ROE affect the stock price of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017; 2) Partially Return on Assets (ROA) significantly influence the stock price of banking companies on stock price on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017 while Return on Equity (ROE) has no significant effect on the stock price of banking companies on stock price on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017. Analysis result dominant test indicates that Return on Assets (ROA) has a dominant influence on stock price compared to Return on Equity (ROE)

Keywords: Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Share Prices
ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DOSEN PERGURUAN TINGGI DI MALANG
Authors: Sarbini Sarbini , Sudarto Sudarto , Sunyoto Sunyoto
Published: April 2020

Kinerja dosen yang menghasilkan produktifitas dosen sehingga dosen memaksimalkan kemampuannya. Produktivitas dosen dalam melaksanakan tugas Tri Dharma perguruan tinggi sangat diharapkan bagi dunia pendidikan tinggi untuk meningkatkan kualitas proes Pendidikan tinggi yang efektif dan efesien. Produktifitas dosen diukur dari kepatuhan menjalankan tugas Tri Dharma peguruan tinggi. Tidak hanya menghasilkan dosen dengan produktivitas yang berkualitas dan efisien, namun produktifitas dosen berhubugan dengan motivasi kerja secara personal dan kepuasan yang dirasakan dosen.  Pada penelitian yang dilaksanakan dengan dosen universitas dan institute di kota Malang dengan methode kuesioner.   Hipotesa 1 diduga bahwa Motivasi kerja mempengaruhi produktifitas dosen secara langsung diterima, namun pengaruhnya lemah. Hipotesa 2: Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi produktivitas dosen diterima. Hipotesa 3: Secara bersama motivasi  mempengaruhi negative atau melemahkan produktifitas dosen sedang kepuasan kerja mempengaruhi produktifitas dosen perguruan tinggi swasta.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Larutan Elektrolit Dan Non Elektrolit Berbasis Multipel Representasi Menggunakan Lectora Inspire
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Fatah Abdul Hadjranul , Syarpin Syarpin
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui isi dan kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran Lectora Inspire berbasis multiple representasi materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elekrolit. Mulimedia pembelajaran ini merupakan perpaduan dari teks, gambar, animasi, dan video. Penelitian pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis multipel representasi ini menggunakan model Four-D (4D) yang diadaptasi dari Thiagarajan. Penelitian pengembangan ini hanya sampai pada tiga tahap, yaitu define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan) dan develop (pengembangan). Data yang diperlukan pada penelitian ini yaitu data kesesuaian label konsep dengan silabus kurikulum 2013, data kesesuaian konten multimedia pembelajaran menggunakan tabel ceklis label konsep, narasi dan tipologi serta data hasil uji coba produk menggunakan angket respon mahasiswa. Instrumen yang duganakan untuk memperoleh data tersebut adalah tabel identifikasi label konsep dengan silabus kurikulum 2013, tabel identifikasi label konsep, narasi dan tipologi, tabel ceklis kesesuaian label konsep, narasi dan tipologi, serta angket respon. Uji coba produk dilakukan pada mahasiswa kimia angkatan 2018 untuk mengetahui kelayakan mahasiswa terhadap multimedia yang telah dikembangkan. Multimedia pembelajaran berbasis multipel representasi menggunakan lectora inspire terdiri dari halaman beranda, petunjuk penggunaan multimedia, cara membaca navigasi konten serta materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit. Isi konten multimedia pada materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit terdiri dari tujuh label konsep. Rata-rata hasil uji coba produk secara individu sebesar 93,2%. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil uji coba produk secara kelompok sebesar 93,6%.
The Homiliary of Varlaam: Scientific Investigation of the Leather Bookbinding
Authors: Carsote Cristina , Badea Elena , Caniola Iulia-Maria , Paunescu Simona-Maria , Lupas Maria-Cristina , Sendrea Claudiu , Miu Lucretia
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania lui Vaarlam printed in 1643 and owned by the National Museum of Romanian Literature. A complex analytical approach encompassing spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis methods was set up for the leather bookbinding to investigate collagen structural changes induced by ageing and assess the conservation condition of leather before the book restoration. The results� correlation at various structural levels brings out a detailed damage picture. The presence of gelatine was identified on the bookbinding surface through ATR-FTIR and MHT method while bulk / depth profile analysis such as micro DSC and NMR MOUSE indicated the decrease of the hydrothermal stability and collagen matrix rigidity mainly due to de-tanning.
Batch and Continuously Operated Electrooxidation Process for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Stergiopoulos Dimitrios , Dermentzis Konstantinos , Karakosta Kokkoni , Giannakoudakis Panagiotis
Published: April 2020

The treatment of aqueous phenol solutions is studied using the electrooxidation process with boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The reduction of phenol concentration is followed by measurements of UV-Vis spectrophotometry and COD. Parameters affecting the efficiency of the electrooxidation process, such as solution pH, applied current density, initial phenol concentration, flow rate and conductivity are investigated. Effective and complete removal of phenol (]99 %) is achieved from solutions with initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L in both, batch and continuously operated pocess.
Conflitos e governança dos territórios
Authors: Torre André
Published: April 2020

É freqüente a tendência de opor relações conflituosas e relações de cooperação, quando ambas contribuem para os processos de governança e de desenvolvimento dos territórios. Este artigo pretende mostrar que o crescimento da conflitualidade no bojo dos espaços rurais e peri-urbanos revela evoluções profundas, bem como a dificuldade de promover processos de governança e de coordenação implicando atores cujas diferenças e interesses afirmam-se um pouco mais a cada dia. Os conflitos manifestam uma oposição e mantêm o intercâmbio e o diálogo, inclusive durante as fases de oposições mais tensas. São momentos de inovação e de bifurcação. Marcam a novidade e traduzem escolhas, muitas vezes difíceis, em matéria de crescimento e de governança das populações. A primeira parte do artigo é dedicada à análise dos lugares respectivos ocupados pelas relações de cooperação e de conflito nos processos de governança dos territórios. A segunda parte enfoca os principais resultados obtidos em matéria de conflitualidade no quadro de estudos aplicados.
Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction
Authors: Revin Leonid S , Pankratov Andrey L , Gordeeva Anna V , Yablokov Anton A , Rakut Igor V , Zbrozhek Victor O , Kuzmin Leonid S
Published: April 2020

The aluminum Josephson junction (JJ) with a critical current, suppressed by a factor of three comparing with the maximal value calculated from the gap, is experimentally investigated for application as a threshold detector of microwave photons. We present the preliminary results of measurements of the lifetime of the superconducting state and the probability of switching by 9 GHz external signal. We found an anomalously large lifetime, not described by the Kramers' theory for the escape time over a barrier under the influence of fluctuations. We explain it by the phase diffusion regime, which is evident from the temperature dependence of the switching current histograms. Therefore, the phase diffusion allows to significantly improve the noise immunity of a device, radically decreasing the dark count rate, but it will also decrease the single photon sensitivity of the considered threshold detector. Quantization of the switching probability tilt versus signal attenuation for various bias currents through the JJ is observed, which resembles the differentiation between N and N+1 photon absorption.
Riskli Sürücü Davranışlarının Transteorik Model Temelinde İncelenmesi: Bir Grup Karşılaştırması Çalışması
Authors: Kaçan Bilgesu , Erkuş Uygar , Fındık Gizem , Öz Bahar
Published: April 2020

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından hız sınırını aşmak, alkol
kullanmış olarak araç kullanmak, emniyet kemeri kullanmamak ve dikkati dağılmış
olarak araç kullanmak riskli sürücü davranışları olarak belirtilmiş
davranışlardır. Bu riskli davranışların Türk toplumunda hangi aşamada
olunduğunun belirlenmesi ve değiştirilmesi trafik güvenliği açısından önem
taşımaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada değişim için öngördüğü aşamalar ile yarar
sağlayabileceği düşünülen Transteorik Model kullanılarak, bu riskli davranışlar
için katılımcıların bulundukları basamakların tanımlanması ve olası farkların incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile veri toplanan çalışmaya henüz sürücü olmayan
ama gelecekte sürücü olma olasılığı bulunan 120 geleceğin sürücüsü, güvenli
sürüş eğitimi almış 99 sürücü ve güvenli sürüş eğitimi almamış 140 sürücü katılmıştır.
Beyana dayalı sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, güvenli sürüş eğitimi
almamış sürücü grubunun hız sınırları dâhilinde araç kullanma, alkollüyken araç
kullanma, sürüş esnasında cep telefonu kullanma ve sürüş esnasında yemek yemek davranışlarında
sürücü olmayan gruptan ve güvenli sürüş eğitimi almış gruptan anlamlı derecede
daha alt basamaklarda oldukları bulunmuştur. Emniyet kemeri kullanımında ise
sadece eğitim almamış sürücü grubunun sürücü olmayan gruptan anlamlı ölçüde
daha alt basamaklarda oldukları görülmektedir. Güvenli sürüş eğitimi almış
sürücüler ile henüz sürücü olmayan grubun farklılaştığı tek davranış ise sürüş
esnasında cep telefonu kullanımı olmuş; henüz sürücü olmayan grubun eğitim
almış sürücülerden daha üst basamaklarda olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın 359
katılımcısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bu beş riskli davranış için
Transteorik Model’e göre harekete geçme basamağında yoğunlaştıkları bulgular
arasındadır. Mevcut çalışma ile, güvenli trafik için gerekli olan beş davranış
üzerinden çoğunlukla bulunulan basamağı tanımlayarak Transteorik Model’in
basamaklarına göre geleceğe yönelik spesifik önleme ve müdahale programları
geliştirebilecek çalışmalara zemin hazırlaması hedeflenmiştir.
Trafik Ortamında Cinsiyet Rollerinin Sürücü Davranışları ve Sürüş Becerileriyle İlişkisi
Authors: Öztürk İbrahim , Fındık Gizem , Özkan Türker
Published: April 2020

Trafik kazaları hem Türkiye’de hem de dünya genelinde önemli halk sağlığı
problemlerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Alanyazında yer alan
çalışmalar sürücülükte insan faktörlerinin iki temel boyutu olan sürücü
davranışları ve sürüş becerilerinin trafikteki olumsuz çıktılarla yakından
ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında cinsiyet ve cinsiyet
rollerinin sürücü davranışları ve sürüş becerileriyle olan ilişkisi
araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, çalışmaya toplam 146’sı erkek ve 82’si kadın
olmak üzere 18 – 63 yaşları arasında (Ort. = 23.03, SS = 4.56)
228 sürücü katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan demografik bilgi formu, BEM Cinsiyet
Rolleri Ölçeği, Sürücü Davranışları Ölçeği ve Sürücü Becerileri Ölçeği’nden
oluşan bir çevrimiçi anket bataryası tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Çalışma
sonuçlarına göre kadın sürücüler erkek sürücülere göre daha fazla ihmal
gösterirken; erkek sürücüler daha yüksek algısal-motor becerilere sahiptir.
Yapılan aşamalı regresyon analizleri, ihlallerin erkeksilik ile pozitif,
kadınsılık ile ise negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, hem
kadınsılık hem de erkeksilik olumlu sürücü davranışları ve algısal-motor
beceriler ile pozitif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bulgular, cinsiyet
rollerinin, özellikle de kadınsılık özelliklerinin sürücü davranışları ve
sürücü becerileri için olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Trafik
güvenliğine yönelik yapılan eğitim ve kamu spotu gibi karşı önlem
çalışmalarında kadınsılık özelliklerine daha fazla yer verilmesi ve belirtilen
bu özellikleri ön plana çıkaran uygulamaların artırılmasının trafik güvenliği
için olumlu etkilerde bulunması beklenmektedir.
Genetic evidence for occurrence of Macrovipera razii (Squamata, Viperidae) in the central Zagros region, Iran
Authors: Oraie Hamzeh
Published: April 2020

This study presents the first molecular evidence of Macrovipera razii from central Zagros, more than 300 km north-west of its prior records in southern Iran. Molecular analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences identified the individuals from central Zagros as a lineage of M. razii. Specimens from the new localities are separated by a genetic distance of 1.46% from the known populations of M. razii. The results extend the known distribution range of M. razii as an endemic species of Iran.
Povezava med vezljivostnimi lastnostmi glagola in njegovimi prvostopenjskimi samostalniškimi izpeljankami
Authors: Tomišić Mojca
Published: April 2020

Namen prispevka je predstaviti stičnost med vezljivostjo in besedotvorjem na podlagi vezljivostnih lastnosti glagola in njegovih prvostopenjskih samostalniških izpeljank. Stično točko predstavlja predvsem pomenska podstava povedi, na osnovi katere smo ugotavljali tako vezljivostne lastnosti glagolov kot besedotvorne značilnosti samostalniških izpeljank iz teh glagolov. Potrdili smo hipotezo, da so prvostopenjske izglagolske samostalniške izpeljanke v veliki meri povezane z glagolsko vezljivostjo ter da so odstopanja v večini primerov razložljiva
Slovenska imena in nekatere besede iz Kalsa na Vzhodnem Tirolskem
Authors: Pohl Heinz Dieter
Published: April 2020

V članku so obravnavani slovenska imena in nekatere besede iz Kalsa na Vzhodnem Tirolskem. Dialektološko se prištevajo k stari slovenščini, tj. jeziku, ki so ga v zgodnjem srednjem veku govorili v kneževini Karantaniji in je osnova za imenoslovje na jugu in jugovzhodu Avstrije. Pri tem je prišlo tam tudi do stikov z romanskimi (ladinsko govorečimi) prvotnimi prebivalci.
Sklanjatev zaimkov moj, tvoj, svoj v slovenskem pisnem jeziku od Brižinskih spomenikov do Trubarja (prispevek k zgodovinskemu narečjeslovju slovenskega jezika)
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2020

V članku je obravnavana sklanjatev zaimkov moj, tvoj, svoj v slovenskem pisnem jeziku od Brižinskih spomenikov (972–1039) do Trubarjevega Katekizma (1550). Rekonstruirani so posamezni stadiji v spreminjanju sklanjatvenega vzorca v osrednjeslovenskih narečjih (gorenjska in dolenjska narečna baza) od alpske slovanščine do sredine 16. stoletja. S tem je natančneje osvetljena narečna cepitev osrednjeslovenskega jezikovnega prostora na ravni oblikovja.
Slovaropisno izrazje v slovenskih terminoloških slovarjih
Authors: Humar Marjeta
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je predstavljeno slovaropisno izrazje (poimenovanje slovarja, iztočnice, slovarskega članka, strokovnega izrazja, protipomenk, sopomenk, označevalnikov, avtorjev) v slovenskih terminoloških slovarjih od Cigaletove Juridisch-politische Terminologie für die slavischen Sprachen Oesterreichs (Dunaj 1853) do Gemološkega terminološkega slovarja (Ljubljana 2005).
Prepoznavanje krajšav v besedilih
Authors: Kompara Mojca
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so predstavljene krajšave, vsesplošno rastoči fenomen, ki je prisoten v vseh jezikih. V slovenskem prostoru so se s krajšavami ukvarjali številni slovničarji, podrobno jih je klasificiral Matej Rode, zadnja obsežna klasifikacija pa je v Slovenskem pravopisu iz leta 2001. Krajšave so zajete v splošnih, specializiranih, eno- in dvojezičnih slovarjih, zaradi hitre dinamike nastajanja so težje ulovljive, slovarji v pisni obliki pa izhajajo preredko, da bi jih ažurno beležili v same slovarje. V zadnjih letih nastaja vse več spletnih zbirk, ki so prosto dostopne in ažurne ter uporabniku omogočajo tudi vnos novih krajšav. Zbirke temeljijo na besedilnih korpusih ali spletnih virih in se s pomočjo pravil in algoritmov lahko oblikujejo tudi samodejno. V nadaljevanju prispevka so predstavljeni pristopi samodejnega prepoznavanja krajšav v zbirki ADAM ter metoda Sateve in Nikolova. Ob pomoči slednjega sledi primer algoritma za prepoznavanje krajšav v slovenskih besedilih.
Zemljepisna lastna imena v Večeslavcih
Authors: Koletnik Mihaela , Holsedl Zdenka
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so predstavljena zemljepisna lastna imena naselja Večeslavci v Prekmurju. V njih se odražajo glasoslovne in oblikoslovne značilnosti prekmurskega goričkega podnarečja. Glede na motivacijsko podstavo so razvrščena v pomenske skupine. Večinoma so izvorno slovenska, v podstavi nekaterih poimenovanj pa so tudi v časovno različnih jezikovnozgodovinskih obdobjih prevzete besede iz stičnih jezikov.
Frazeologija v prozi Cirila Kosmača
Authors: Rojs Jurij
Published: April 2020

Prispevek, v katerem je frazeologija analizirana po slovničnih kategorijah,

zajema vsa Kosmačeva prozna dela, nastala v skoraj pol stoletja. Besedne

zveze so avtentične glede na opisovani čas in okolje ter glede na okoliščine.

Kosmač piše v visokem slogu. Predvsem so lepe slike slovenske pokrajine: v pisanih barvah so naslikane rože in bilke, ob katerih diha slovensko narodno zaveden človek.
Enajsta konferenca Komisije za slovansko besedotvorje pri Mednarodnem slavističnem komiteju
Authors: Stramljič Breznik Irena
Published: April 2020

Enajsto zasedanje Komisije za slovansko besedotvorje je tokrat potekalo od 24. do 26. marca 2009 v Moskvi na temo Novi pojavi v slovanskem besedotvorju: sistem in delovanje, kar je bil eden izmed dvanajstih vsebinskih sklopov na mednarodnem znanstvenem simpoziju z naslovom Slovanski jeziki in kulture v sodobnem svetu; udeležilo se ga je okrog petsto slavistov s celega sveta.
Predzgodovina praslovanskega naglasnega sistema v luči moskovske naglasoslovne šole
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je podan pregled teorije moskovske naglasoslovne šole o predzgodovini praslovanskega naglasnega sistema. Gre za enega od poskusov pojasniti oblikovanje praslovanskega naglasnega sistema iz praindoevropskega preko vmesnega prabaltoslovanskega. Moskovska teorija ima za osnovo oblikoslovni pristop, središče katerega je naglasni tip. V svoj teoretični sistem vgrajuje nekatere prvine klasičnega naglasoslovja, nadgrajuje Stangovo teorijo, prabaltoslovanski naglasni sistem prikaže na tvorbeno-pretvorbeni način.
Vezljivost odrazov praslovanskega glagola *mysliti v zgodovini izbranih slovanskih jezikov
Authors: Grošelj Robert
Published: April 2020

V razpravi je analizirana vezljivost odrazov praslovanskega glagola *mysliti v zgodovini izbranih slovanskih jezikov (slovenščina, stara cerkvena slovanščina, hrvaščina, srbščina, češčina, poljščina in ruščina). Opredeljeni so pomeni glagolov, po pomenih so oblikovani pomenski in vezavnostni vzorci, določena je njihova stabilnost, razvojne značilnosti in medsebojna konkurenčna razmerja. Vezljivostne lastnosti glagolov so primerjane tudi medjezikovno.
Leksikalna baza za slovenščino: komu, zakaj in kako (naprej)?
Authors: Gantar Polona
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so opisane smernice pri oblikovanju leksikalne baze za slovenščino, zlasti vprašanje različnih uporabnikov ter vrste in načina strukturiranja leksikalno-slovničnih podatkov v njej. Posebej so izpostavljene dileme, ki zadevajo določitev obsega in izbora leksikalnih enot ter razporeditev leksikalno-slovničnih podatkov ob upoštevanju predpostavke, da bodo podatki v leksikalni bazi za slovenščino namenjeni primarno spletnim aplikacijam in sodobnim elektronskim medijem.
K podobnostim in različnostim slovenskega in madžarskega pregibanja
Authors: Nartnik Vlado
Published: April 2020

Slovenščina in madžarščina sta sosedna jezika z zelo različnim pregibanjem. V glagolskem pregibanju je madžarska posebnost zlasti razlikovanje nedoločne in določne sprege. Ker madžarščina nima posebne oblike za rodilnik, jo nadomešča s svojilno sprego samostalnih skladov, slovenskim predložnim sklonom pa ustrezajo po trije snopi prostih sklonov in priložnih skladov.
Dušan Čop: bibliografija 1956–2007
Authors: Čop Breda , Weiss Peter , Porenta Alenka
Published: April 2020

Bibliografija dr. Dušana Čopa je bila objavljena v knjigi Univerza Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani: biografije in bibliografije univerzitetnih učiteljev, znanstvenih delavcev in sodelavcev 3: 1966–1976 1 (Ljubljana: Univerza Edvarda Kardelja, 1979), 118–119. Nadaljevanje z biografskimi podatki in brez novih bibliografskih je bilo objavljeno v delu Univerza v Ljubljani: biografije in bibliografije univerzitetnih učiteljev, znanstvenih delavcev in sodelavcev 4: 1977–1986 1 (Ljubljana: Univerza, 1995), 177. Za osnovo so bili uporabljeni predvsem podatki iz Cobissa, ki so tule dopolnjeni. – Leto objav ali objave uvaja polkrepka letnica pri prvi ali edini objavi.
Preparation of the interactive Slovenian Linguistic Atlas
Authors: Škofic Jožica
Published: April 2020

For decades, the project of compiling the Slovenski lingvistični atlas (Slovenian Linguistic Atlas, SLA) involved various methods of mapping and commenting on the collected dialect material at all linguistic levels. However, in recent years the use of database software in connection with a geographical information system (GIS) has also enabled automatic mapping and more stateof- the-art spatial visualization of dialect features. In 2011, the first volume of the SLA (1.1 Atlas and 1.2 Komentarji) was published. With a few additions to the software and content, the database prepared for it also makes possible an interactive spatial presentation of the linguistic material – with access to digitized archive material, audio and video recordings, and other online links to information on local dialect studies and places.
Impersonal verb forms and the formation of subordinate clauses in the Subit (Torre) dialect
Authors: Zuljan Kumar Danila
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the formation and use of impersonal (non-finite) verb forms, the formation of subordinate clauses, and the use of subordinating conjunctions in the local dialect of Subit (in the Municipality of Attimis) of the Slovenian Torre dialect in Italy. It also presents the influence of Romance contact languages on the syntax of the Subit dialect. The author distinguishes between borrowing of syntactic patterns, linguistic influence on the frequency of using structures, and the influence of contact languages on spreading the structure’s function by analogy.
What is the contribution of research on microtoponyms and oeconyms?
Authors: Brozovič Maruša
Published: April 2020

This article briefly reviews and presents illustrative examples of the process and results of research on microtoponyms and oeconyms in Selšček. It also introduces significant methodological, material, and cultural contributions to the basic research that arose in the synergy between the researcher, her informants, her advisors, and others.
Various Influences on Young People’s Language
Authors: Rolih Maša
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the characteristics of young people’s language as a discourse community on online social networks (Facebook). The analysis focuses on the presence of elements of internet slang and dialect and regional colloquial linguistic elements in young people’s language on online social networks. In addition, it examines the influence of English on young people’s language and its presence in their slang. The hypotheses are supported with examples and the results of a survey.
Old Celtic Toponymy: A Contribution to Its Systematization
Authors: Repanšek Luka
Published: April 2020

The article contributes to research methodology on fragmentary Old Celtic onomastic data. Based on a comprehensive overview of non-affixal formations in Old Celtic toponymy, special attention is paid to the systematic representation of various structural types in name derivation.
The Etymology of Old Russian Place Names with the Suffix *-itji
Authors: A. Jujukin Maksim
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the etymology of some toponyms with the suffix *-itji (e.g., Bobonichi, Vachenitsy, Vlanitsi, Volbovichi, Narudichi, Shemenichi, Yazhelbitsy, and others) mentioned in Old Russian written sources.
Sovplivanje samoglasnikov in soglasnikov v vzhodnodolenjskih govorih
Authors: Smole Vera
Published: April 2020

Prispevek predstavlja tiste pojave v razvoju kratkih samoglasnikov v m vzhodnodolenjskem govoru, in še posebej v šentruperskem, ki so odvisni od soglasniškega okolja (položajno akanje in ukanje ter preglas). Obravnavani pa so tudi razvoji soglasnikov, na katere so vplivali sledeči jim izglasni samoglasniki in se danes površinsko kažejo kot rezultat razvoja samoglasnikov (diftongizacija izglasnih e in o).
Ob Gradivu za pomološki slovar
Authors: Košmrlj - Levačič Borislava
Published: April 2020

V pričujočem kritičnem pregledu želim predstaviti Sadjarstvo^ Franceta Adamiča2 (1995) — ki ga v uvodu avtor sicer poimenuje Gradivo za pomološki slovar - in opozoriti na nekatere pomanjkljivosti, ki naj bi jih soustvarjalci pri (morebitnem) nadaljnjem delu odpravili.
Delo za Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika
Authors: Hajnšek-Holz Milena
Published: April 2020

V članku je podan pregled dela v Inštitutu za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša v zadnjih petdesetih letih. Glavna naloga Inštituta je bila zbiranje gradiva in priprava slovarja sodobnega slovenskega jezika. Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika (I-V, 1970-1991; izdaja v eni knjigi 1994; izdaji v elektronski obliki 1997 in 1998) in druge slovarske objave so plod dolgoletnega dela mnogih sodelavcev.
Fonološki opis govora Vnanjih Goric (SLA 226)
Authors: Nartnik Vlado
Published: April 2020

V članku je podan fonološki opis govora Vnanjih Goric, stičišča dolenjskih, gorenjskih in (rovtarsko)horjulskih narečnih posebnosti.
Rojstna imena, hišna imena, vzdevki, psevdonimi v Sloveniji
Authors: Keber Janez
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so po splošnem uvodu o imenih obravnavana rojstna imena, hišna imena, vzdevki in psevdonimi. Pri rojstnih imenih so tako npr. obravnavana slovanska, krščanska in muslimanska imena, tuja in nova imena, ženska in moška imena. V zvezi s strukturo imen so obravnavana zložena imena, dalje načini krajšanja imen in tvorbe novih imenskih oblik - tvorjenk s številnimi sufiksi, ki so v slovenskem jeziku. Pregledno so predstavljeni vzdevki, hišna imena in psevdonimi, ki s svojimi posebnimi funkcijami dopolnjujejo običajno imensko formulo ime + priimek.
Slovenska jezikovna skupnost v Kanalski dolini
Authors: Gliha Komac Nataša
Published: April 2020

V članku je podan vpogled v sociolingvistično podobo Kanalske doline s poudarkom na slovenski jezikovni skupnosti, ki se je skozi stoletja soočala z vrsto političnih pritiskov in preživela kljub številnim preizkušnjam. Z nedavno sprejetim okvirnim zakonom o zaščiti jezikovnih manjših v Italiji se ji odpirajo nove možnosti, vprašanje je le, če in kako jih bo zmogla in znala izkoristiti.
Population Trends for Chinook and Summer Chum Salmon in Two Yukon River Tributaries in Alaska
Authors: Brown Randy J. , Bradley Catherine , Melegari Jeffery L.
Published: April 2020

An essential management objective of the Yukon Delta and Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska is to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity. In keeping with this objective, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service installed weirs in two tributaries of the Yukon River, the East Fork Andreafsky and Gisasa rivers, in 1994 to collect information on salmon populations that used them. The weirs have been in operation for >23 y. Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and summer Chum Salmon O. keta were counted and sampled for various demographic data each year as they migrated through the weirs to upstream spawning areas. Here we examine this record of population data to describe and compare long-term variation in run abundance, run timing, length and age structure, sex composition, and production for these salmon populations. Fishery managers often look to multiple monitoring projects in-season seeking corroboration of observed run qualities; therefore, we also considered whether Yukon River main-stem indicators of abundance were correlated with these tributary escapements. Our analyses suggest long-term stability of these populations despite large annual variations in most metrics we examined. Annual escapements have varied by factors of 3–5 for Chinook Salmon and >23 for summer Chum Salmon, yet only the Chinook Salmon population in the Gisasa River appears to be declining. Main-stem abundance indicators were not correlated with Chinook Salmon escapements but were strongly correlated with summer Chum Salmon escapements. Run timing has varied annually by as much as a week earlier or later than average for all four populations with no trend over time. Mean age of the Chinook Salmon populations declined over time but remained stable for the summer Chum Salmon populations. Chinook Salmon populations in the East Fork Andreafsky and Gisasa rivers averaged 35% and 28% female, respectively. Both summer Chum Salmon populations averaged close to 50% female. Length at age has been stable or slightly declining for all four populations. Production over time was strongly correlated within species for populations in the two rivers, and averaged >1 recruit/spawner for all populations except Chinook Salmon from the Gisasa River. We discuss these findings in the context of major changes in the fishery and the environments these populations experience.
La production standardisée du territoire
Authors: Chasseray-Peraldi Pauline
Published: April 2020

Le service Google Street View constitue une base de données massive en ligne de documentation du paysage, notamment urbain. L’existence d’un tel projet interroge les reconfigurations d’acteurs derrière ces protocoles de saisie et d’archivage. Une approche socio-sémiotique et le regard porté par certains artistes sur la matérialité de l’enregistrement photographique permettent de considérer les images standardisées et sérielles du dispositif dans leur singularité et dans ce qui les déborde. L’article questionne les possibilités de contourner les opérations de lissage du service par une attention portée aux formes de résistance et aux jeux plastiques.
Toward a Normative Ethical Claims of Ibibio Social Norms, Values, and Beliefs
Authors: Essien Essien D.
Published: April 2020

This study examined the normative ethical claims, social norms and values laden in Ibibio social system and culture. These claims institutes avowal about ethical considerations and make moral judgments. This study presents a socio-cultural description of Ibibio norms which are an integral part of the culture, social custom, rituals and beliefs governing social coexistence. It argues that though norm is a cultural production with emphasis on prohibitions, Ibibio norms dictates behavioral and/or conversational re-orientation which determines how basic moral standards are arrived at and justified. The findings of this study however have a significant implication for cumulative research on the ethical elements of Ibibio norms and social beliefs.
eLearning and Distance Education in Higher Education Accessibility
Authors: Baloyi Gezani Phineas
Published: April 2020

The Ministry of Education in South Africa has identified distance education as a system that should extend educational opportunities and provide access to individuals who do not have the opportunity to study fulltime. The White Paper 3 - the National Plan for higher education (DoE, 2001a) advocates an increase in the general participation rate in public higher education in South Africa, with the aim of facilitating lifelong learning, developing the skills base of the country and redressing historical inequities in the provision of education. Badat (2005) adds that through distance education access is presented to people who would not have the opportunity to study fulltime because of work commitments, personal and social circumstances, geographical distance or poor quality or inadequate prior learning experiences. Distance education offer flexible learning to students. The flexibility of learning at a distance using new technologies gives students an opportunity to study while working. The technology can make an impact in supporting teaching and learning.
The Institution of Traditional Leadership and Local Governance in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

This article describes how traditional leaders play important developmental, administrative and political roles in rural areas, despite modern state structures. They regulate rural life, control access to land, and settle various disputes. They are respected leaders in their communities. The existence of traditional leaders means that both the decentralisation and the strengthening of local governance are not taking place in a vacuum. Documentary sources such as the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the Traditional Leaders Act (2000) and Chiefs and Headmen Act (1982); newspapers and unpublished non-governmental organisations (NGOs) evaluations and reports were used in this article. Traditional leaders have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the ZANU-PF government remains in power since 1980. In principle, traditional leaders should not be drawn into party politics and their role should remain one of the neutral leadership. If the traditional leader assumes a party-political role, one should appoint a substitute to handle their traditional role to avoid a conflict of interest.
Zimbabwe Dancehall Music as a Site of Resistance
Authors: Makwambeni Blessing
Published: April 2020

The popularity and consumption of dancehall music in Zimbabwe has grown exponentially over the past few years. However, despite its popularity, Zimdancehall has attracted controversy for promoting violence and vulgar behavior among other ills. This chapter casts aside society's moral judgements in order to investigate Zimdancehall music's role as an alternative public sphere. Using Fraser's alternative public sphere and Bakhtin's carnivalesque as its conceptual framework, and Norman Fairclough's approach to Critical Discourse Analysis as its methodology, the study analysed the discourses that underpin Zimdancehall music. The chapter argues that Zimdancehall music has become a counter public that provides marginalised youths with a platform to resist the dominant state-sponsored patriotic discourse. The music genre has opened a liberating alternative communicative space, outside of state control and ZANU-PF's patriotic discourse, where marginalised youths can symbolically invert their reality, protest as well as articulate their needs and aspirations freely.