Productivity formation of various maize hybrids
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Liubych V. V. 
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of research on the formation of grain yield of different maize hybrids, its content of starch, protein and fat. It is established that maize productivity depends on the hybrid characteristics and weather conditions. The protein content varies from 6.7 to 9.9 % depending on the hybrid and weather conditions. On average, in two years of research according to this indicator, all maize hybrids formed a very low protein content in grain. The protein content varies with the weather conditions of the study year. Thus, in 2020 the protein content is low — from 9.0 to 9.9 % depending on the hybrid. In 2019, this indicator was the lowest — from 6.7 to 7.9 % depending on the hybrid. Larger moisture deposits in the deeper layers of the soil contribute to the formation of high grain yield, as a result, the protein content is lower (the dilution effect in grain harvest). Moisture deficiency and high air temperature contributes to the formation of lower grain yield and higher protein content in the grain. It should be noted that the stability index varies little depending on the maize hybrid and ranged from 1.25 to 1.36. The fat content in the grain also varies from 2.8 to 3.9 % depending on the maize hybrid. Most of the grain content was of starch — from 70.3 to 72.0 % depending on the maize hybrid. In addition, this indicator is the most stable, as the index was 1.00–1.01. Maize grain yield varies depending on the hybrid and the year of study. Thus, in 2019 the grain yield is from 12.49 to 16.73 t/ha and in 2020 — from 6.05 to 7.62 t/ha. The reason for this difference is the weather conditions of the study years. This was the reason for the low stability index of this indicator — 1.96–2.20. For stable formation of protein yield it is necessary to grow hybrids of Beania, P9415, P0216, P9911, P9903, P9241, P9175, P0074, as they provide the highest yield in years with different weather conditions. Growing P9903, P9241, Beania, P8812, P9911, Tirnavia, P0074, P9415, P9175 hybrids will provide the highest fat yield from the maize grain crop. In terms of the Right-Bank forest steppe for stable grain harvest, starch, protein and fat yield it is necessary to grow hybrids of Beania, P9241, P9415, P9911, P9903, P9175, P0074. The article presents the results of research on the formation of grain yield of different maize hybrids, its content of starch, protein and fat. It is established that maize productivity depends on the hybrid characteristics and weather conditions. The protein content varies from 6.7 to 9.9 % depending on the hybrid and weather conditions. On average, in two years of research according to this indicator, all maize hybrids formed a very low protein content in grain. The protein content varies with the weather conditions of the study year. Thus, in 2020 the protein content is low — from 9.0 to 9.9 % depending on the hybrid. In 2019, this indicator was the lowest — from 6.7 to 7.9 % depending on the hybrid. Larger moisture deposits in the deeper layers of the soil contribute to the formation of high grain yield, as a result, the protein content is lower (the dilution effect in grain harvest). Moisture deficiency and high air temperature contributes to the formation of lower grain yield and higher protein content in the grain. It should be noted that the stability index varies little depending on the maize hybrid and ranged from 1.25 to 1.36. The fat content in the grain also varies from 2.8 to 3.9 % depending on the maize hybrid. Most of the grain content was of starch — from 70.3 to 72.0 % depending on the maize hybrid. In addition, this indicator is the most stable, as the index was 1.00–1.01. Maize grain yield varies depending on the hybrid and the year of study. Thus, in 2019 the grain yield is from 12.49 to 16.73 t/ha and in 2020 — from 6.05 to 7.62 t/ha. The reason for this difference is the weather conditions of the study years. This was the reason for the low stability index of this indicator — 1.96–2.20. For stable formation of protein yield it is necessary to grow hybrids of Beania, P9415, P0216, P9911, P9903, P9241, P9175, P0074, as they provide the highest yield in years with different weather conditions. Growing P9903, P9241, Beania, P8812, P9911, Tirnavia, P0074, P9415, P9175 hybrids will provide the highest fat yield from the maize grain crop. In terms of the Right-Bank forest steppe for stable grain harvest, starch, protein and fat yield it is necessary to grow hybrids of Beania, P9241, P9415, P9911, P9903, P9175, P0074.