bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melissopalynological Determination of Pollen Density and Botanical Origin of Autumn Honeys of Kullu Hills, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Jamwal Radhika , Mattu V.K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Geographical and botanical origins of honeys are determined by melissopalynological analysis. Pollen contents of 12 autumn honeys collected from Indian honey bee, Apis cerana F. hives located in different localities of Kullu hills of Himachal Pradesh were analysed. Kullu hills having varied geography, climatic condition with diversified and rich flora is ideal for apiculture. So, it is of utmost importance to study the floral richness of the area and preferences of honey bees for nectar and pollen in order to obtain maximum production of a good quality of honey. Thus, the present work was carried out to determine the critical analysis of honey samples and to identify the different pollen types which are major plant sources that contribute to the increase of yield of honey. Methods: Melissopalynological studies were conducted between 2009 to 2012. Reference pollen slides of honey samples were prepared and identified. Quantative analysis is done with the help of a haemocytometer and pollen spectra, absolute pollen count as well as percentage of pollen types were calculated. Reference slides were also prepared. Result: Microscopic analysis yielded that in honey samples, 5 pollen types were present as predominant; 17 were secondary, while, 38 were important minor and minor pollen sources. Out of 12 honey samples analysed, 5 were unifloral, whereas, 7 were multifloral. In the unifloral honeys, the predominant sporomorphs were: Prunus cerasoides, Eriobotrya japonica, Prinsepia utilis, Plectranthus sp. and Solidago sp. Forty four pollen types were necteriferous, while, 6 were nectarless represented by Cannabis sativa, Juglans regia, Rumex nepalensis, Polygonum sp. and Zea mays. Among different plant families, Lamiaceae (8), Asteraceae (7), Rosaceae (7), Fabaceae (4), Polygonaceae (3) and Apiaceae (2) highly contributed for nectar and pollen sources of honey bee. Twenty five botanical families with 50 different pollen taxa were identified indicating the various plants visited by honeybees and the sources of nectar used in the production of honey. The high concentration and diversity of pollen types showed that the samples were of botanical origin.
Impact of Intercropping of Different Crops with Two Faba Bean Cultivars on Infestation with Broomrape
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Tamer Ibrahim , Abdel-Wahab Eman Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

Background: Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a major biotic stress of faba bean and affects the yield adversely. The impact of intercropping to curb the spread and progress of parasite was tested by using two faba bean cultivars under heavily soil infested conditions of broomrape. The present study was aimed to evaluate intercropping of fenugreek, flax, garlic or radish with two faba bean cultivars on broomrape incidence to increase faba bean yield, land usage and economic return in heavy soil infestation of broomrape. Methods: This study was carried out at Giza Agricultural Research Station (Lat. 30°00′30″ N, Long. 31°12′43″ E, 26 m a.s.l), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. During winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, the treatments were the combinations of two faba bean cultivars (Nubaria 1 and Nubaria 2) and four intercrops (fenugreek, flax, garlic and radish), as well as sole plantings of all the tested crops under heavily infestation of broomrape were tested in field conditions. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. Faba bean cultivars were assigned in the main plots and intercropping and sole plantings of faba bean were arranged in sub plots. Result: Results showed that Nubaria 2 had two mechanisms to broomrape offensive, mainly including cell wall build-up and stamping of vascular tissues. It also had higher soil oxalic and ascorbic acid concentrations than Nubaria 1. Sole Nubaria 1 rhizosphere had higher soil formic acid whereas, fenugreek + Nubaria 2 had higher soil oxalic, ascorbic and salicylic acids concentrations in faba bean rhizosphere. Lower number of spikes per m2 and their dry weight per m2 were obtained by radish + Nubaria 2 followed by flax + Nubaria 2. Radish + Nubaria 2 recorded higher land equivalent ratio and economic return followed by flax + Nubaria 2. Growing one row of radish or flax between two rows of Nubaria 2 in ridges 60 cm width could be an integrated control strategy to increase faba bean productivity, land usage and economic return under heavily soil infested with broomrape.
Ekstraksi Zat Warna Alami dari Kayu Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction
Authors: Yuniati Yuyun , Cahyani Maulidya D. , Novidayasa Ifra , Prihatini Pantjawarni , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: May 2021

Dyes are widely used for various manufacturing processes. However, the high use of synthetic dyes has resulted in pollution and health problems. To overcome this problem, one way that can be done is to return to using natural dyes. Natural dyes can be obtained from various plants, one of which is the Indonesian mangrove plant (Rhizophora mucronata). This research has succeeded in extracting natural dyestuffs from mangrove bark using the microwave-assisted extraction method. Mangrove wood extraction was carried out with solvents, namely distilled water and ethanol 96%, which was optimized based on the ratio of sample mass to volume of solvent and extraction power. The results showed that qualitatively the mangrove extract contained tannins, flavonoids, and quinones as compounds that gave chocolate color. The color resistance of mangrove extracts is very strong in textiles under alkaline conditions. Based on the results of extraction optimization, the optimum conditions were obtained at a ratio of 0.067 g/mL of 96% ethanol at 380 watts of power, with a yield percentage reaching 53.053%. Keywords: extraction, mangrove wood, microwave Zat warna banyak digunakan untuk berbagai proses manufaktur. Namun, tingginya penggunaan zat pewarna sintetis mengakibatkan pencemaran dan masalah kesehatan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah kembali menggunakan zat warna alami. Zat pewarna alami dapat diperoleh dari berbagai tumbuhan, salah satunya tanaman bakau Indonesia (Rhizophora mucronata). Penelitian ini telah berhasil melakukan ekstraksi zat warna alami kulit kayu bakau dengan metode microwave-assisted extraction. Ekstraksi kayu bakau dilakukan dengan pelarut yaitu akuades dan etanol 96% yang dioptimasi berdasarkan rasio massa sampel–volume pelarut dan daya ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara kualitatif ekstrak kayu bakau mengandung tanin, flavonoid, dan kuinon sebagai senyawa pemberi warna coklat. Ketahanan warna ekstrak kayu bakau sangat kuat pada bahan tekstil pada kondisi basa. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi ekstraksi, kondisi optimum didapatkan pada rasio massa sampel-volum pelarut sebesar 0,067 g/mL dan daya sebesar 380 Watt sehingga diperoleh persentase yield mencapai 53,053%. Kata kunci: ekstraksi, kayu bakau, microwave
Comunicar los resultados de la investigación arquitectónica
Authors: Castro Marcucci Andrea , Belandria Daniel
Published: May 2021

El artículo científico es la forma preferente con la cual se comunican los avances en cualquier ámbito de la ciencia. La edición de revistas científicas ha experimentado la transformación digital, incluso en áreas como la arquitectura, en las que este proceso paradójicamente se ha demorado en llegar. Sin embargo, los artículos que conforman las revistas de arquitectura siguen siendo escritos y publicados como si aún se tratase de un formato impreso, del convencional sistema inaugurado por Gutenberg. Este tipo de publicaciones tradicionales se limitan a un formato bidimensional, que no reconoce en demasía las formas de comunicar las ideas en arquitectura. Este articulo explora las posibilidades de ese nuevo formato digital, más cercano al ser y al gesto arquitectónico, que valorando las formas tradicionales como croquis, planimetrías o fotografías, incorpora nuevas posibilidades que ofrecen las revistas digitales como lo son, por ejemplo, los modelos digitales y las infografías evolutivas. Este tipo de representaciones proyectivas multiplican las posibilidades de comunicación de los investigadores y creadores. Como resultado, el artículo contemporáneo puede y debe ser representativo de la innovación que fundamenta su existencia. Su contenido es un vivo reflejo de la evolución natural de las investigaciones arquitectónicas, urbanistas o paisajísticas. Lo anterior hace necesario que el artículo científico incluya nuevos tipos de formatos dinámicos. En este artículo se enuncian algunos de esos formatos y métodos propicios para la comunicación de los resultados de las investigaciones arquitectónicos hoy día: hipertextos, recursos embebidos, imágenes georreferenciadas, modelos 3D y bibliografía vinculada, entre otros. Este artículo es a su vez una invitación a los autores a enriquecer sus prácticas con los recursos del lenguaje visual, gráfico, y textual.
Ölüm Siyaseti: Cihatçı “Üst-Müslümanlar”, Fethi Benslama, Çev. Orçun Türkay, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2018, 101 Sayfa.
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Gülbahar
Published: May 2021

Paris’te psikanaliz ve psikopatoloji öğrenimi gören Fethi Benslama günümüzün önemli psikanalistlerinden biridir. Yazarın klinik psikanaliz ve çağdaş dönem Avrupa ve İslâm konularında birçok incelemesi yayımlanmıştır. Değerlendirmemize konu olan Ölüm Siyaseti adlı eserde radikalleşmeye psikoloji, psikanaliz ve tarihsel analizin veriyle yaklaşıldığı görülmektedir. Benslama’nın bu eseri köktenci hareketlere toplumsal bakışın yanında daha çok bireysel ve psikolojik bir perspektif getirmeye çalışmaktadır. Öte yandan eser, köktenci harekete mensup bireylerin özelliklerine, motivasyonlarına, şiddet içeren eylemlere hazırlanmalarındaki çevresel etkenlere ve Müslüman dünyanın yaşadığı birtakım çelişkilere ışık tutmaktadır.
Tender Mothers: Breastfeeding, Wetnursing, and the Limits of Social Critique From the Late Ottoman to the Early Republican Periods (1880-1930)
Authors: DOĞAN Cem
Published: May 2021

The historical background of wet-nursing dates back to ancient ages as early as 2000 BC Wet-nursing originally arose from a peculiar demand in milk for those who were not capable of producing it for their babies because of the milk shortage in their breasts. Mother’s milk has played a significant part in the health of neonates in the absence of infant formulas. However, wet-nursing took the shape of a line of work in the long term and kept its existence until the rise of the 19th century’s new infant feeding practices, such as milk bottles. At the turn of the 20th century, wet-nursing has already been in disfavor against contemporary scientific developments and also turned into a target of social critique. Popular literature of medical instructions and the intelligentsia who provide the social consciousness of the urban middle classes every so often expostulated that Turkish women abstained from domestic tasks. The essential character of critique intertwined with the normative gender performances and evoked the voice of centralization. Furthermore, wet-nursing used to function in creating kinship between families according to Islamic tradition and might have caused acute social complications, like the marriage between milk siblings or inheritance issues. This article tries to analyze the breast-feeding and wet-nursing practices in the late Ottoman and early Republican periods in the context of gender roles through the popular literature of the period.
Malik Bin Nebi’nin Sömürülebilirlik ve Bourdieu’nün Sembolik Şiddet Kavramları Işığında Aşağılık Kompleksi
Authors: YARDIM Müşerref
Published: May 2021

Temelini oryantalist söylemin oluşturduğu sömürgecilik tarihi eskilere dayansa da Batı'nın sömürge faaliyetleri 19.yüzyıldan itibaren hız kazanmıştır. Kısa bir zaman içinde Batılı devletler dünya coğrafyasının büyük bir kısmını zihinsel veya fiziksel olarak sömürge altına almışlardır. Oryantalist söylemin ortaya çıkardığı “üstün ve gelişmiş ben” ve “geri kalmış öteki” ayrımı sömürgeci sistemin de çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Tahakküm yöntemiyle sömürgeci ben’in karşısına sömürülen öteki yerleştirilmiştir. Sömürgeci zihniyetin, ortaya koyduğu uygulamalarla sömürgecilerle sömürülenler arasında dini, etnik ve kültürel farklılıkları öne sürerek kesin bir ayrım yapmakla kalmadığı, "Batı'nın her anlamda üstünlüğünü" empoze ederek kültürel asimilasyona da başvurduğu görülmektedir. Sömürgeci-sömürülen ilişkisi egemenlik, ötekileştirme, eşitsizlikler ve ayrımcılıklar üzerine kurulmuştur. Batı'nın emperyalist egemenliği kimi zaman zorla kimi zaman da rızaya dayalı kabullenmeyle şekillenmektedir. Sömürgecilerin, sömürülenlere yönelik tutumlarının temelinde bulunan ötekileştirme ve aşağılama sömürülen halkta ortaya çıkan aşağılık kompleksi ve buna bağlı psikolojik teslimiyete işaret etmektedir. Sömürgeci tutumlar karşısında psikolojik bir yenilgi içerisinde olan sömürülenlerin zayıf ve yetersiz kaldıkları düşüncesini benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışma sömürgeye maruz kalan insanların sömürgeciler karşısında kabullenilmiş psikolojik yenilgilerini Malik Bin Nebi'nin sömürülebilirlik ve Bourdieu'nün sembolik şiddet kavramları üzerinden analiz etmektedir. Her iki yaklaşım da sömürgeleştirilmiş zihinlerden yola çıkarak sömürgeci güçlerin üstünlük kompleksine karşı sömürülenlerin geliştirdikleri aşağılık kompleksine dikkat çekmektedir. Sömürgeciliğin yol açtığı psikolojik hasarın içselleştirilen aşağılık hissine dayandığı iddia edilirken sömürülenlerin düşünce ve davranışlarında empoze olmaksızın rıza ve gönüllülük boyutu dile getirilmektedir.
Islamization, modernization, and civiliational analysis
Authors: Turowski Mariusz
Published: May 2021

The paper consists of three parts. In the ﬁrst one, I consider the validity of the “civilizational paradigm” in contemporary social sciences and humanities, with special emphasis on philosophy and comparative historiographical studies. In the second one, I juxtapose selected Western approaches to civilization—those of Arnold Toynbee, Fernand Braudel and Corroll Quigley—with the perspective proposed by Ibn Khaldūn, the scholar and thinker widely recognized as the father of (modern) social sciences, especially those focused on or at least related to civilizational investigations. In the third part of the article, I raise questions about the prospects of reforming and reviving civilizations which undergo a crisis or experience a twilight phase in their development. Finally, in the context of the idea of Islamization of thought and knowledge, as postulated by Abdulhamid Abusu-layma, I address the question of the relationship between civilization and religion.
Introdução
Authors: Segura-Ramírez Héctor Fernando
Published: May 2021

Os textos que compõem o presente dossiê lidam de diversas formas com questões de sexo/gênero, raça e classe em diferentes dimensões da sociedade Brasileira.
Espaço público em Hannah Arendt e Habermas
Authors: Neves Angela Vieira
Published: May 2021

O artigo busca discutir o conceito de espaço público, a partir de Habermas e Hannah Arendt mostrando que o debate e a ação comunicativa são fundantes no processo de constituição do espaço público para os autores. Trata-se de reconstruir a noção de espaço público e contribuir para repensarmos sua incorporação nos estudos sobre a democracia no Brasil.
Molecular Tumor Subtypes of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers: Biological Characteristics and Implications for Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Qin Tingting , Li Shiting , Henry Leanne E , Liu Siyu , Sartor Maureen A
Published: May 2021

Until recently, research on the molecular signatures of HPV-associated head and neck cancers mainly focused on their differences with respect to HPV-negative HNSCCs. However, given the continuing high incidence level of HPV-related HNSCC, the time is ripe to characterize the heterogeneity that exists within these cancers. Here, we review research thus far on HPV-positive HNSCC molecular subtypes, and their relationship with clinical characteristics and HPV integration into the host genome. Different omics data including host transcriptomics and epigenomics, as well as HPV characteristics, can provide complementary viewpoints. Keratinization, mesenchymal differentiation, immune signatures, stromal cells, and oxidoreductive processes all play important roles.
Whole-Exome Data Analysis: Detection of Candidate Gene Mutations for Mitochondrial Encephalohepatopathy
Authors: Saif Rashid , Mahmood Tania , Ejaz Aniqa , Zia Saeeda , Alotaibi Saqer
Published: May 2021

Mitochondrial Encephalohepatopathy (MEH) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder usually accompanied by microcephaly, white matter changes, cardiac and hepatic failure. Here, we applied the whole-exome sequencing (WES) framework on a trio family data with unaffected non-consanguineous parents and proband (neonate girl) with this inherited disorder. A total of 2,928,402 variants were observed with 2,613,746 SNPs, 112,336 multiple nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs), 72,610 insertions, 113,207 deletions and 16,503 mixed variants. These variations are responsible for 82,813,631 effects on various genomic regions. Our pipeline uncovered candidate gene mutations from these variants and retained a handful of 5,277 variants harboring 3,598 genes, out of which, 8 genes codes for non-coding RNA while 178 genes are those with high impact severity. Among these 178 variants, 125 are de-novo variants that are not previously reported in the ClinVar database. Consistent to previous studies, the leftover high impact severity genes are involved in encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, global developmental disorder, seizures, spastic paraplegia, premature ovarian failure, mitochondrial myopathy-cerebellar, ataxia-pigmentary, retinopathy syndrome, ocular and retinal degeneration, deafness, intellectual disability, cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome etc. All these clinical features were also observed in the patient studied. The current analysis highlights and expands the genetic architecture of the MEH phenotype. Furthermore, this pipeline on trio family data significantly broadens the concept of its usefulness as a first-tier diagnostic method in the detection of complex multisystem phenotypic disorders.
Portraits on the child's social history in Chesf camp (1949-1985)
Authors: Lima Laíse Soares , Bretas Silvana Aparecida
Published: May 2021

The present study presents results of the doctoral research in education about the education of the child instituted in the camp of Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco, in the period of urban and social delimitation of the company (1949-1985). With dialogues that intertwine the field of Social History of Childhood with the History of Education, our objective is to understand how children were perceived in the Company's regulations and as perspectives designed for children's experiences. It is a study based on an analysis of documents, which reveal childhood as essential for the formation of the new context that was being structured. The produced ones indicate the delimitation of a child, regulated by values, norms and possible disciplinary relations of the social sectors and by the school formation.
Hiya al-Umm, Qaṣīdah Qālahā Zakir Shariff fī Rithā’ Ummihi: Dirāsah Taḥlīlīyah Adabīyah
Authors: Yunus Idris Ahmad , Kabir Saleh Muhammad , Gaji Bashir Alhaji
Published: May 2021

This study aims to study the life of Zakir Shariff and his elegy poem. The method used in this study is the descriptive-analytical approach, where the researchers read the selected poem and then follow it with study and analysis. The poem chosen was Hiya al-Umm, an elegy poem for his mother. The results of this study indicate that the beginning of the poem (maṭla‘ al-qaṣīdah) invites the reader to follow his elegy (rithā’) poem for his mother; (2) good disposal (ḥusn al-takhalluṣ) of the poem, the poet proceeded directly with the topic, noting that he did not explore the introduction of his poem with depict the remaining of the camps (al-ṭalalīyah) or propaganda; (3) a good syllable (ḥusn al-maqṭa‘) in the poem, the last words upon which the poet stood was well tolerated and kept a pleasure in listening in the most eloquent expression and the most beautiful meaning; (4) the sincerity of emotion (ṣidq al-‘āṭifah), the poem was distinguished by the sincerity of emotion, the heat of feeling, and the acuity of feeling.
Depositional and sequence stratigraphic model of transgressive shelf sandstone: The Late Cretaceous Tocito Sandstone, San Juan Bain, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Lin Wen , Kynaston David , Ferron Curtis , Bhattacharya Janok P. , Matthews William
Published: May 2021

There has long been debate about the origin of long, linear, isolated shallow marine sandstones. In the 1980s these were routinely interpreted as wave- or tide-modulated shelf sandstones. With the advent of sequence stratigraphy, many of these sandstones were reinterpreted as top-truncated forced-regressive to lowstand delta or shoreface, inviting the question regarding whether the concept of a shelf sandstones remain a viable depositional model. More recent syntheses demonstrate that shelf sands tend to be derived by reworking of underlying sediment through transgressive erosion and show varying levels of detachment and reworking into discrete ridges and bars by wave and tidal processes as they become more evolved.

The Late Cretaceous Tocito Sandstone in the Western Interior Seaway, which overlies the regressive Gallup Formation, is a candidate for a transgressive shelf sandstone. In this study, we present detailed facies analysis, based on sedimentological sections measured from well-exposed outcrops of the Tocito Sandstone and its related stratigraphic units in northwest New Mexico, USA. With high-resolution sequence stratigraphic control, facies analysis, detrital-zircon anatomy, and petrographic analysis are integrated to investigate the sequence stratigraphic evolution and depositional processes of the Tocito Sandstone. Detrital zircons indicate that the Tocito, Torrivio, and Gallup deposits are derived from different source areas, and therefore imply separate sequence stratigraphic origins. The Tocito Sandstone is interpreted to have been deposited as shelf sand ridges in retrogradational estuarine to drowned-barrier-system environments with tidal and wave influence, characterized by intense bioturbation. The Tocito was deposited in an overall transgressive systems tract and sourced from reworking of the underlying Torrivio and Gallup units through processes of transgressive erosion.
Evaluation of symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory data and outcome in COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney disease at Tehran, Iran
Authors: Keshmiri Yasaman Sadat , Mirzaie Sina Khosravi , Sali Shahnaz , Yadegarynia Davood , Abolghasemi Sara , Tehrani Shabnam , Zamani Amir , Derisi Mohamad Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Aim: The present study seeks to provide insight into the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) infected with COVID-19.Material and methods: Patients with COVID-19 were included in the study if they met the inclusion criteria. 78 eligible patients were divided into four groups. After reviewing clinical charts, nursing records, laboratory findings, radiological reports and other medical records of CKD patients with COVID-19 confirmed infection, clinical presentation, laboratory data, radiology findings, and results were extracted from documented medical records using data collection forms. laboratory tests were performed again before discharge. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square were used to compare the clinical features of patients with COVID-19. A P< 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. All the statistical analyses were performed by the SPSS. v 26.0.Results: Hypertension (72.5%), diabetes (63.8%), and Cardiovascular disease (38.2%) were the most common among patients, respectively. Among all participants, 40 (52.6%) patients died. The most common symptom was dyspnea (56.6%), followed by dry cough (38.7%). Comparison of blood, inflammatory, biochemical, and clinical indices between the four groups in patients show that LDH (P=0.022), AST (P=0.038), and ALT (P= 0.004) indices were significantly different between groups of patients. According to the results in Table 3, Unilateral ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the radiological findings of the Non-dialysis CKD group was significantly (P=0.50) higher than the other groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that CKD is an important factor that can cause poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Acute Kidney Injuries in different stages of COVID-19: An analysis on patients without prior kidney disease
Authors: Murt Ahmet , Dincer Mevlut Tamer , Karaca Cebrail , Trabulus Sinan , Karaali Ridvan , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Seyahi Nurhan , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza
Published: May 2021

BackgroundKidney involvement in COVID-19 may manifest as acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to analyze and compare AKIs in different stages of COVID-19.Methods1056 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrospectively evaluated and 383 of them met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-nine patients who developed AKI, but didn’t have prior kidney diseases were involved in the final analysis. Patients were classified into three groups, those who had AKI on admission, those who developed AKI in the first week and those who developed AKI starting from the 7th day. Electrolytes, acid-base status and changes in the inflammatory markers were compared. ResultsAKIs that were seen on hospital admission day were generally transient. Patients who developed AKI after the 7th day had higher peak CRP and D-dimer levels and lower nadir lymphocyte counts (p=0.000, 0.004 and 0.003 respectively). AKI that developed later was more related to immunologic response and had significantly higher mortality, reaching as high as 44% after 7th day. Hematuria and proteinuria (p=0.001; OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4 – 3.8 and p=0.015; OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.3 – 14.3 respectively) were more common in patients who died. Hypernatremia (p=0.000, OR: 6.5; 95% CI:3.0 – 13.9) and hyperchloremia (p=0,002, OR:3,8; 95%CI: 1,7 – 8,4) were also observed more often in patients who died.ConclusionsAKI in COVID-19 is not of one kind. When developed, AKI should be evaluated in conjunction with the disease stage and possible etiologies. AKI that develops later has worse prognosis and is more related to electrolyte abnormalities even in patients with normal kidney functions.
Which Factors Are Associated with Positive Resection Margin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma for different surgical procedures? Results Based on a Standard Pathological Evaluation System-Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Bo , Guo Shiwei , Shi Xiaohan , Ni Chenming , Gao Suizhi , Li Gang , Ni Canrong , Jiang Hui , Lau Wan Yee , Jin Gang
Published: May 2021

Background/Objectives: The present study identified the independent risk factors of R1 resection in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatosplenectomy (DP) for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods：Consecutive patients who were operated from 1st December 2017 to 30th December 2018 with curative intent were analyzed retrospectively. A standardized pathological examination with digital whole-mount slide images (DWMSIs) was utilized for the resection margin status. R1 was defined as microscopic tumor infiltration within 1 mm to the resection margin. The potential risk factors of R1 resection for PD and DP were analyzed separately by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results：For the 240 patients who underwent PD, and the 146 patients who underwent DP, the R1 resection rates were 30.8% and 35.6 %, respectively. Univariate analysis on risk factors of R1 resection for PD were tumor location, absence of tumor necrosis, N staging, and TNM staging; while those for DP were perineural invasion, T staging, and TNM staging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the location of tumor in the neck and uncinate process, and N1/2 staging were independent risk factors of R1 resection for PD; while those for DP were T3/4 staging. Conclusions：The clarification of the risk factors of R1 resection might clearly make surgeons take better decisions on surgical strategies for different surgical precedures in patients with PDAC.
Colossal and Reversible Barocaloric Effect in Phase Change Materials n-Alkanes
Authors: Lin Jianchao , Tong Peng , Tao Kun , Lu Wenjian , Zhang Xuekai , Song Wenhai , Sun Yuping
Published: May 2021

The emergent cooling technologies based on the caloric effect provide a green alternative to the conventional vapor-compression one which brings about the serious environment problem. However, the existing caloric materials are much inferior to their traditional counterparts in cooling performance. Here we report the colossal barocaloric effect in liquid-solid-transition materials, i.e. n-alkanes. Their excellent cooling performance is superior to those for existing caloric materials and comparable to those of traditional refrigerants. Theoretical calculations suggest the liquid state n-alkanes has huge configuration entropy characterized by large dispersion of bond lengths. Appling pressure significantly reduces the configuration entropy and eventually induces the liquid-solid-transition, leading to the colossal barocaloric effect. This work provides promising refrigerants for caloric cooling technology, and opens a new avenue for exploring colossal barocaloric materials.
Analysis of serum lipid profile and apolipoprotein in patients with concurrent gallbladder stone disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in China
Authors: Liang Song , Jiang Pin , Feng Xue-Yi , Zhai Rong-rong , Yang Li , Li Xiao-qi , Xu Xun , Fang Xin-An , Liang Yong-Kang
Published: May 2021

Background

Gallbladder stone diseases being common disorder, prior studies have identified an association between gallstones and abnormal lipids, type 2 diabetics have higher rates of significant abnormalities in lipid metabolism, so the prevalence of dyslipidemia may be higher in gallstone disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in the general population. This study aimed to compare the serum lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities between gallbladder stone patients who have T2DM and controls in China.
Methods

Retrospective analysis of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients aged 40 years and older with gallbladder stone combined with T2DM, T2DM, gallbladder stone, and a normal group of 407 individuals in four groups. 135 cases with gallbladder stones combined with T2DM were compared with 102 cases with T2DM, 119 cases with gallbladder stones, and 51 normal individuals respectively among four groups. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum apolipoprotein (apo) AI (ApoAI), apolipoprotein (apo) B (ApoB) and their ratio (ApoAI/ApoB) were collected from the four groups and compared. One-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis H tests) were used to compare groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results

Compared to three control groups, the patients over 40 years old with gallbladder stone combined with T2DM had significant abnormal changes in lipids: the LDL and APoB levels were significantly raised in patients with gallbladder stones combined with T2DM (P < 0.05), and in males LDL levels were significantly higher in gallbladder stones patients with concomitant T2DM (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

The study showed that LDL and APoB levels were statistically significant in patients over 40 years of age with concurrent gallbladder stone disease and T2DM, with male patients having significantly higher LDL levels but no statistically significant parameters were found in female patients.
Comparison of Data-Driven Methods for Estimating Deuterium and Oxygen-18 Isotopes of Groundwater
Authors: CEMEK Bilal , ARSLAN Hakan , küçüktopcu erdem
Published: May 2021

Isotope techniques are the most commonly used in cases where hydro-chemical analysis is insufficient to identify groundwater's origin and quality and reveal seawater intrusion into groundwater along coastlines. In this study, the potential of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Neural Networks (RBNN), Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLR) were compared using known hydro-chemical properties of waters for estimating deuterium (δD) and oxygen-18 (δ18O) isotopes in groundwater of the Bafra plain, Northern Turkey. A total of 61 water samples collected from the plain were chemically analyzed. All data were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Cluster analysis was performed to reduce the number of input variables, and electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg) and, sulphate (SO4) were introduced into the models as input variables, after examining different combinations of these variables in the studied models. Three statistical indices were used to evaluate models' performances: determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Moreover, a visualization technique (Taylor diagram) was used to assess the similarities between the measured and estimated δD and δ18O values. The comparison revealed that the performance accuracy of MLP was the best among the applied models in δD and δ18O estimations. Overall, the study suggests using data-driven methods, especially MLP, when lacking of appropriate laboratories for isotope analysis and facing with high cost.
Comparison of geographical traceability of wild and cultivated Macrohyporia cocos with different data fusion approaches
Authors: Wang li , Wang Qinqin , Wang Yuan-Zhong , Wang Yunmei
Published: May 2021

Poria originated from the dried sclerotium of Macrohyporia cocos is an edible traditional Chinese medicine with high economic value. Due to the significant difference in quality between wild and cultivated M. cocos, the study aimed to trace the origin of the fungus from the perspectives of wild and cultivation. In addition, there were quite limited studies about data fusion, a potential strategy, employed and discussed in the geographical traceability of M. cocos. Therefore, we traced the origin of M. cocos from the perspectives of wild and cultivation using multiple data fusion approaches. Supervised pattern recognition techniques like partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest, were employed in this study using. Five types of data fusion involving low-, mid- and high-level data fusion strategies were performed. Two feature extraction approaches including the selecting variables by a random forest-based method—Boruta algorithm and producing principal components by the dimension reduction technique of principal component analysis were considered in data fusion. The results indicate that (1) the difference of wild and cultivated samples did exist in terms of the content analysis of vital chemical component and fingerprint analysis. (2) wild samples need data fusion to realize the origin traceability, and the accuracy of the validation set was 95.24%. (3) Boruta outperformed principal component analysis (PCA) in feature extraction. (4) The Mid-level-Boruta PLS-DA model took full advantage of information synergy and showed the best performance. This study proved that both geographical traceability and optimal identification methods of cultivated and wild samples were different, and data fusion was a potential technique in the geographical identification.
A flexible optoacoustic blood stethoscope for non-invasive multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring
Authors: Jin Haoran , Zheng Zesheng , Cui Zequn , Jiang Ying , Chen Geng , Li Wenlong , Wang Zhimin , Wang Jilei , Yang Chuanshi , Song Weitao , Chen Xiaodong , Zheng Yuanjin
Published: May 2021

Quantitative and multiparametric blood analysis is of great clinical importance in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Current blood analysis methods are typically restricted to invasiveness, bulky instruments and complicated clinical procedures. Wearable devices can realize on-skin assessment of several vital signals but generally exhibit very limited blood analyzing functions. Here, we report a flexible optoacoustic blood stethoscope (OBS) for multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring, bypassing the need for invasive procedures. The device features the light delivery elements for blood illumination and the piezoelectric acoustic elements capable of capturing the light-induced acoustic waves. This flexible device can adhere to the skin for continuous and non-invasive in-situ monitoring of multiple cardiovascular biomarkers, including hypoxia, drug concentration decay, and hemodynamics, which can be further visualized with the tailored 3D algorithm. Demonstrations on both in-vivo animal trials and human subjects highlight the OBS's unique potential to provide a new avenue for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prediction.
Pervaporative Denitrogenation of Pyrrole/n-heptane as Model Oil using MoO3 -PEBAX/PAN membrane
Authors: Liu Kun , Yu Qiu-Lan , Muhammad Yaseen , Subhan Sidra
Published: May 2021

The environmentally obnoxious nature of Nitrogen in fuel oils requires serious attention for its removal. In this work, a novel hybrid matrix membrane was prepared by introducing MoO3 nanoparticles into poly (ether-block-amide) (PEBAX2533) and was in turn used for the pervaporative separation of pyrrole/n-heptane mixtures. The interactions between the membrane, pyrrole and n-heptane were investigated by swelling experiments. Pervaporative separation performance of PEBAX membranes revealed higher selectivity for pyrrole from its mixture with n-heptane, which further increased with increasing MoO3 contents in membrane along-with correspondingly increasing the total flux and the separation factor as well. At 2000 µg·g− 1 pyrrole concentration and 30°C temperature, the total flux and the separation factor reached the maximum values of 2.46 kg•m− 2•h− 1 and 17.58, respectively. Attributed to the outstanding separation performance of PEBAX membranes, this work may provide a useful insight into the viable removal of nitrogenous compounds from gasoline via pervaporation.
Use Of Naproxen Versus Intracervical Block For Pain Control During The 52-MG Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Insertion In Young Women: A Multivariate Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oliveira Elaine C , Baeta Thais , Brant Ana Paula , Silva-Filho Agnaldo , Rocha Ana L
Published: May 2021

Background: To compare the effectiveness of oral analgesia with 550 mg naproxen sodium versus local anesthesia with 6mL 2%-lidocaine intracervical block in pain lowering at the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) placement in young women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 100 women aged 15-24 years were block-randomized to receive either 6mL 2%-lidocaine intracervical block 5 minutes before the LNG-IUS insertion or 550 mg naproxen 30 minutes before the procedure. Forty-nine women received oral naproxen and 51 received intracervical block. The primary outcome was pain at LNG-IUS insertion. Secondary outcomes were ease of insertion, insertion failures, and correct IUS positioning. Neither participants nor doctors were blinded. Pain at insertion was assessed by using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Women randomized to lidocaine intracervical block presented lower mean pain score at insertion, when compared to women who received oral naproxen (5.4 vs. 7.3, respectively; p <.001). Parous women had a 90.1% lower chance of experiencing severe pain (p=0.004). There was a 49.8% reduction in the chance of severe pain for every 1-centimeter increase in the hysterometry (p=0.002). The only complication observed during insertion was vasovagal-like reactions (7%). The insertion was performed without difficulty in 82% of the women. Participants in the intracervical block group presented higher proportion of malpositioned IUS on transvaginal ultrasound examination compared to women in naproxen group. Nevertheless, all the malpositioned IUS were inserted by resident physicians. Conclusion: Lidocaine intracervical block was found to be more effective than oral naproxen in reducing LNG-IUS insertion pain. Trial registration number: RBR-68mmbp Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Retrospectively registered (August 4, 2020) URL of trial registry record: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-68mmbp/
Trichostatin A alleviates HBx-induced HCC metastasis in metabolic stress through up-regulating SIRT3 expression
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yun , Xiao Gui-Tao , Huang Ting-Xuan , Chen Zhi-Xin , Gao Wen-Yu , Zheng Bi-Yun , Wang XZ
Published: May 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with Hepatitis B viurs X protein (HBx) as one of the main etiology, harbors various metabolic phenotypes for distinct nutrient availability inside solid tumors. Trichostatin A is a histone inhibitor, supposed to inhibit cancer development. However, the role of TSA in tumor cells with metabolic stress has received little investigation.
Methods

We built a HBx-overexpression hepatoma cell model with HBx plasmids transfection, and EBSS was applied in nutrient-deprived cell model. Through western blot, Q-PCR and immunoprecipitation, we further explored the molecular mechanism of TSA-related anti-cancer function.
Results

In our study here, we found that TSA inhibited HBx-enhanced metastasis in metabolic stress, and demonstrated that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), one of tumor suppressors in HCC, played a role in TSA-related anti-cancer function in metabolic stress, and TSA promoted SIRT3 transcription.
Conclusions

We suggest that TSA alleviated specific subset of HCC, the HBx-induced HCC in metabolic stress, through promoting SIRT3 transcription, suggesting that TSA is a potential drug for HCC treatment.
The Atmospheric Catalytic Liquefaction of Corn Stalk by Phosphoric Acid and Polyethylene Glycol For the Production of Biofuels
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Liu Haitang , Xu Yan , Chen Lin , Jin Xin , Li Jie , Liu Jing , An Yongzhen , Liu Zhong
Published: May 2021

The liquefaction and reuse of plant biomass have attracted the attention of researchers because the fossil energy is running out gradually, corn stalk waste is rich and can be converted into high quality biofuels through the liquefaction process. The effects of polyethylene glycol on the atmospheric liquefaction yield of corn stalk and the properties of biofuel products were investigated. It was found that the optimal temperature was 170 ℃, reaction time was 60 min, liquid solid ratio was 5:1, catalyst concentrated phosphoric acid dosage was10%, the maximum liquefaction rate reached 97.19%. GC-MS analysis showed that the composition of biofuels is complex, which mainly including alcohols, organic acids, esters, ketones, sugars and other compounds. Results of FT-IR demonstrated that the characteristic functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in liquefied corn stalk were almost completely disappeared, SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of liquefaction residue and original corn stalk was completely different, the fiber structure could not be seen in the residue, all these phenomenons indicating that corn stalk was completely liquefied.
The unmet need for treatment of children with musculoskeletal impairment in Malawi
Authors: Ngoie Leonard Banza , Dybvik Eva , Hallan Geir , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Mkandawire Nyengo , Varela Carlos , Young Sven
Published: May 2021

Background More than a billion people globally are living with disability and the prevalence is likely to increase rapidly in the coming years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The vast majority of those living with disability are children residing in LMICs. There is very little reliable data on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments (MSIs) in children and even less is available for Malawi Methods Clusters were selected across the whole country through probability proportional to size sampling with an urban/rural and demographic split that matched the national distribution of the population. Clusters were distributed around all 27-mainland districts of Malawi. Population of Malawi was 18.3 million from 2018 estimates, based on age categories we estimated that about 8.9 million were 16 years and younger. MSI diagnosis from our randomized sample was extrapolated to the population of Malawi, confidence limits was calculated using normal approximation. Results Of 3,792 children aged 16 or less who were enumerated, 3,648 (96.2%) were examined and 236 were confirmed to have MSI, giving a prevalence of MSI of 6.5% (CI 5.7-7.3). Extrapolated to the Malawian population this means as many as 576,000 (95% CI 505,000-647,000) children could be living with MSI in Malawi. Overall, 46% of MSIs were due to congenital causes, 34% were neurological in origin, 8.4% were due to trauma, 7.8% were acquired non-traumatic non-infective causes, and 3.4% were due to infection. We estimated a total number of 112,000 (80,000-145,000) children in need of Prostheses and Orthoses (P&O), 42,000 (22,000-61,000) in need of mobility aids (including 37,000 wheel chairs), 73,000 (47,000-99,000) in need of medication, 59,000 (35,000-82,000) in need of physical therapy, and 20,000 (6,000-33,000) children in need of orthopaedic surgery. Low parents’ educational level was one factor associated with an increased risk of MSI Conclusion This survey has uncovered a large burden of MSI among children aged 16 and under in Malawi. The burden of musculoskeletal impairment in Malawi is mostly unattended, revealing a need to scale up both P&O services, physical & occupational therapy, and surgical services in the country.