bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Speed of Early Symptomatic Remission With Advanced Therapies for Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahuja Dhruv , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Singh Siddharth
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Rapidity of symptom resolution informs treatment choice in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing early symptomatic remission with approved therapies.

METHODS:

Through a systematic literature review to December 31, 2022, we identified randomized trials in adult outpatients with moderate-severe UC treated with approved therapies (tumor necrosis factor α antagonists, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, janus kinase inhibitors, or ozanimod), compared with each other or placebo, reporting rates of symptomatic remission (based on partial Mayo score, with resolution of rectal bleeding and near-normalization of stool frequency) at weeks 2, 4, and/or 6. We performed random-effects network meta-analysis using a frequentist approach and estimated relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval values.

RESULTS:

On network meta-analysis, upadacitinib was more effective than all agents in achieving symptomatic remission at weeks 2 (range of RR, 2.85–6.27), 4 (range of RR, 1.78–2.37), and 6 (range of RR, 1.84–2.79). Tumor necrosis factor α antagonists and filgotinib, but not ustekinumab and vedolizumab, were more effective than ozanimod in achieving symptomatic remission at week 2, but not at weeks 4 and 6. With approximately 10% placebo-treated patients achieving symptomatic remission at 2 weeks, we estimated 68%, 22%, 23.7%, 23.9%, 22.2%, 18.4%, 15.7%, and 10.9% of upadacitinib-, filgotinib-, infliximab-, adalimumab-, golimumab-, ustekinumab-, vedolizumab-, and ozanimod-treated patients would achieve early symptomatic remission, ustekinumab and vedolizumab achieving rapid remission only in biologic-naïve patients.

DISCUSSION:

In a systematic review and network meta-analysis, upadacitinib was most effective in achieving early symptomatic remission, whereas ozanimod was relatively slower acting.
Morphometric characterization of doliniform features in the Araguaia Plain
Authors: Manchola Oscar Eduardo Paez , Morais Fernando de
Published: March 2023

The Araguaia Plain has extensive areas of savannah scattered forest fragments similar to circular depressions. These features, in addition to serving as corridors, could be associated with important features such as karsts, closed-water connection structures and ecological-type formations. To identify this relationship and contribute to the understanding of its genesis, this study has as its main objective the morphometric analysis of doliniform functions in the Araguaia Plain. Through the geoenvironmental characterization of the study area; digital facility models – SRTM; interpretation of Sentinel 2-A satellite images from 2019 to 2020; and calculation of morphometric variables: area, perimeters, activity, altitude, length and density, Kernel circularity index. A total of 24,023 doliniform features associated with green/healthy vegetation were identified in a Coverage Area of 114,900 km², Concentrated Majoritariate in the Brazilian municipalities of Lagoa da Confusão -Tocantins; Pium-Tocantins and Cocalinho-Mato Grosso. The features showed circular superiority areas up to 10 km², circular activity indexes at 0.5 and up to 1 and 1.5, indicating a predominance of circular shapes on slopes of 3% in the NE orientation. Based on the results, it can be verified that these features present sinkholes, as they may be under the influence of patterns associated with some processes, denoting in some processes the existence of a covered karst.
Accompagner les difficultés de lecture de la 3e maternelle à la 2e primaire. Freins et leviers perçus par les enseignants dans le cadre d'un dispositif de coenseignement visant à développer la différenciation.
Authors: Dumont Anouk , Morgane Libion , Wyns Marielle
Published: March 2023

Dans l'objectif de réduire les inégalités scolaires, la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles a mis sur pied, de janvier 2019 à aout 2020, un projet pilote visant à développer la différenciation dans l'apprentissage initial de la lecture dans les classes de 3e maternelle, 1e et 2e primaire. Dans ce cadre, notre équipe a mis en œuvre, dans 45 écoles, un dispositif d'accompagnement au développement professionnel, qui vise à l'appropriation de pratiques efficaces d'enseignement de la lecture par l’introduction d’outils didactiques validés par la recherche.

Dans cet article, nous explorons les freins et les leviers au développement de nouvelles pratiques rencontrés par les enseignants. Afin de traiter cette question, nous analysons les questionnaires individuels complétés par 224 enseignants ayant participé à la recherche.

L’analyse met en lumière l’importance de facteurs individuels tels que l’intérêt préalable des enseignants pour l’innovation, la perception d’effets sur le développement professionnel des enseignants eux-mêmes et sur les compétences visées chez les élèves. Des facteurs contextuels entrent également en jeu, tels que la surcharge de travail, le contexte de pénurie…

L’article dégage également des pistes pour l’accompagnement à l’appropriation de pratiques innovantes.
PROPERTIES OF ELECTROLYTIC ZINC-NICKEL ALLOYS, PRECIPITATED FROM WEAKLY ACIDIC CHLORIDE ELECTROLYTES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shtin S. , Polunin D. ,   South Ural State University, Tsykin A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2023

The effect of electrolysis parameters on the composition and structure of zinc–nickel coatings during their electrodeposition on a copper substrate from a weakly acidic chloride electrolyte with a Zn(II)/Ni(II) ratio of 1 was studied in this work. The chemical composition of the electrolytes was controlled by complexometric titration. The phase composition was studied using a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer. The gross composition was determined using a JEOL JSM-6460LV scanning electron microscope with computer control. It has been established that an increase in the current density increases the deposition rate of the alloy. It is shown that an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the proportion of nickel in the alloy and an increase in the rate of nickel deposition. An increase in temperature does not affect the rate of zinc deposition. At the same time, at temperatures below 60 °C, the deposition of the alloy is anomalous; at higher temperatures, the deposition becomes normal. The open and total porosity of the coating was determined, it was found that there is no open porosity, the total porosity is about 50%.
THE CHROMIUM AND MOLIBDENUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE DIFFUSION LAYER OF STEEL X35CrNi2-3 DURING THERMОDIFFUSION SATURATION
Authors:   South Ural State University, Shaburova N. , Shaburova Yu. ,   Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works, Pashkeev I. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2023

Known methods of chemical-thermal treatment of structural parts, such as carburizing, nitriding, diffusion metallization technologies, make it possible to obtain a unique combination of surface and core properties of the product. The positive experience of using methods of multi-element diffusion saturation opens up prospects for the development of methods for complex saturation. The article describes the technology of thermal diffusion saturation of steel X35CrNi2-3 with chromium and molybdenum at a temperature of 1000 °C. A technique for analyzing the obtained coating is presented, based on the possibilities of X-ray spectral microanalysis (XMS) of the diffusion layer on transverse microsections of the obtained samples. The elemental composition of the diffusion layer was monitored using a JEOL JSM-6460 LV universal scanning (scanning) electron microscope. The microstructure was studied on an optical metallographic microscope Axio Observer D1.m. X-ray phase analysis was carried out on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer. The hardness measurement was carried out on an FM-800 microhardness tester at a load of 100 g. Data were obtained on the qualitative and quantitative distribution of chromium and molybdenum in the surface layer of steel. It is shown that the resulting thermal diffusion coating consists mainly of a substitutional solid solution based on Cr–Fe–Mo with a bcc lattice and chromium and molybdenum carbides. The depth of the outer coating on the sample was about 20 μm, the depth of the diffusion layer in the base metal was about 25 μm. The absence of a decarburized area in the surface layer of the base metal was noted. The average diffusion coefficients of chromium and molybdenum in the α-phase of chromium were determined DCr = 6.6·10–15 m2/s and DMo = 4.35·10–16 m2/s respectively; in the γ-phase of iron DCr = 2.95·10–15 m2/s, DMo = 2.48·10–16 m2/s respectively. The microhardness of the outer surface layer was 1400–1980 H, the diffusion layer in the base metal was 1000–600 HV, and the base metal was about 540–510 HV.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE INJECTED MASS OF THE LUBRICANT AND DEOXIDIZING MATERIAL
Authors:   The Russian Research Institute of the Tube & Pipe Industries, Joint Stock Company (RusNITI JSC), Kuznetsov V. , Sokolov D. ,   The Russian Research Institute of the Tube & Pipe Industries, Joint Stock Company (RusNITI JSC),   South Ural State University, Krivosheev A. ,   The Russian Research Institute of the Tube & Pipe Industries, Joint Stock Company (RusNITI JSC),, Pashnina E. ,   The Russian Research Institute of the Tube & Pipe Industries, Joint Stock Company (RusNITI JSC), Gladkikh V. ,   The Russian Research Institute of the Tube & Pipe Industries, Joint Stock Company (RusNITI JSC), Panasenko O. ,   Seversky Pipe Plant JSC, Neroznikov V. ,   Taganrog Metallurgical Plant JSC (TAGMET JSC), Krasikov A. ,   Volzhsky Pipe Plant JSC
Published: March 2023

The most important task of increasing pipe production efficiency is the task of improving the quality of manufactured products. Further development and improvement of pipe manufacturing technology is connected with studying the conditions of contact interaction in the pair “tool – deformed metal”, in particular with creation of separating layer. Application of modern lubricant-deoxidizing materials (hereinafter deoxidant) and modern equipment for their application allows to achieve guaranteed separation of contact surfaces. Also creating of separating layer provides significant advantage in terms of improving the quality of finished tubes, operational reliability of finished products, reducing the cost of production and intensification of deformation processes. However, the uneven distribution of the deoxidant on the inner surface of the sleeve leads to a decrease in the quality of the inner surface of the finished tube, as well as to the uneven wear of the mandrels of continuous mills. One of the reasons for lack of guaranteed separation of contact surfaces is mismatch of blown out portion of deoxidant with the set value. The article describes the principle of operation of standard cyclones and calculates the standard cyclone design. The results of computer simulation of a cyclone of standard design and a modernized cyclone are presented. Also presented the results of physical experiments on particle capture.
OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC DRIVES OF INDUSTRIAL MECHANISMS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Khriukin D.Yu. , Tulegenov E.M. , Semenova K.D. , Kushnarev V.A. , Sychev D.A.
Published: March 2023

This article discusses optimization problems in the design of an AC electric drive kit with a capacity of up to 1 MW. The need for optimization in the design of the electric drive is due to the technical and economic indicators of the long-term operation of the electric drive. The main problem of optimizing the AC electric drive is the complexity of the mathematical description of the frequency converter electric motor. A generalized mathematical model of AC electric drives is presented, in which the nonlinear part of the frequency converter is represented by an aperiodic link with a time constant Ti, a pure delay link with a time constant and a switching function Ψni, which are approximating a semiconductor converter for the transfer function. Such a mathematical model makes it possible to synthesize power circuits and an i-beam converter control system. The optimization of an electromechanical converter using the finite element method is considered.
Koncepcja pokolenia lat 60. w dyskursie kulturowym
Authors: Poliszczuk Jarosław
Published: March 2023

Autor artykułu śledzi kształtowanie się koncepcji pokolenia lat 60. – od przełomu lat 50. i 60. XX wieku po lata ostatnie – w dyskursie społeczno-kulturowym Ukrainy. Ten projekt pokoleniowy doznawał zarówno wzlotów, jak i upadków. Po wspaniałym debiucie pokolenia lat 60. i zadeklarowaniu przez nich idei sprawiedliwości oraz sprzeciwu wobec systemu totalitarnego nastąpił długi okres stagnacji oraz marginalizacji samej formacji. Zasłużoną satysfakcję po czasie trwałego milczenia przyniosła doba niepodległości Ukrainy, jednak „sześćdziesiątnicy” potrafili skorzystać z niej w różnej mierze, przeważnie w wymiarze politycznym. Jednakże w literaturze okresu Niepodległości ich obecność jest zaznaczona słabo, prawie symbolicznie. Zatem samorealizację artystyczną tego pokolenia wypada uznać za częściową, mimo że właśnie misja związana z promocją kultury była sednem koncepcji generacyjnej.
Poezja Wiktora Neboraka i muzyka rockowa
Authors: Kotyk Ihor
Published: March 2023

Jedną z cech wieloaspektowej twórczości Wiktora Neboraka jest jej intersemiotyczność, powiązanie z innymi rodzajami sztuki. Artykuł ujawnia rolę muzyki rockowej w twórczości poety Neboraka. Główny nacisk położono na tomik Latająca głowa (1990), z którego dwadzieścia wierszy zostało oprawionych w muzykę. Podkreślono rolę rytmu w twórczości poety. Opisano współ- pracę W. Neboraka z lwowskimi muzykami rockowymi (zespoły Lament Jeremiasza, Martwy Kogut, Neborak-rock-bend, bard i tłumacz Wiktor Morozow), jego udział w projekcie muzycznym Nebo-rock. Płyta Przerażające urodziny (1995) tego projektu to początek tradycji występów ukraińskich poetów z towarzyszeniem muzyków.
Restricted iso-minimum condition
Authors: Daneshvar Asghar
Published: March 2023

A restricted artinian ring is a commutative ring with an identity in which every proper homomorphic image is artinian. Cohen proved that a commutative ring R is restricted artinian if and only if it is noetherian and every nonzero prime ideal of R is maximal. Facchini and Nazemian called a commutative ring isoartinian if every descending chain of ideals becomes stationary up to isomorphism. We show that every proper homomorphic image of a commutative noetherian ring R is isoartinian if and only if R has one of the following forms:
(a) R is a noetherian domain of Krull dimension one which is not a principal ideal domain;
(b)

R
≅

D
1

×
⋯
×

D
k

×

A
1

×
⋯
×

A
l

{R\cong D_{1}\times\cdots\times D_{k}\times A_{1}\times\cdots\times A_{l}}

, where each

D
i

{D_{i}}

is a principal ideal domain and each

A
i

{A_{i}}

is an artinian local ring (either k or l may be zero);
(c) R is a noetherian ring of Krull dimension one, simple unique minimal prime ideal

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

, and

R
/
𝔭

{R/\mathfrak{p}}

is a principal ideal domain. As an application of our result, we describe commutative rings whose proper homomorphic images are principal ideal rings. Some relevant examples are provided.
Tilting pairs and Wakamatsu tilting subcategories over triangular matrix algebras
Authors: Zhang Yafeng , Ma Yajun , Zhao Tiwei
Published: March 2023

Let A and B be Artin algebras and let M be an

(
A
,
B
)

(A,B)

-bimodule with

M

A

{}_{A}M

and

M
B

M_{B}

finitely generated.
In this paper, we construct tilting pairs of subcategories and Wakamatsu tilting subcategories over an upper triangular matrix Artin algebra

Λ
=

(

A

M

0

B

)

{\Lambda=\bigl{(}\begin{smallmatrix}A&M\\
0&B\\
\end{smallmatrix}\bigr{)}}

using tilting pairs and Wakamatsu tiling subcategories over A and B. Let

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

be a subcategory of

A
⁢
-mod

{A\mbox{-mod}}

and let

𝒟

{\mathcal{D}}

be a subcategory of

B
⁢
-mod

{B\mbox{-mod}}

. Consider the subcategory of left Λ-modules

𝔅
𝒟
𝒞

=

{

(

X

Y

)

f

:

f
 is a monomorphism, 

Y
∈
𝒟

 and 

Coker
⁡
f

∈
𝒞

}

{\mathfrak{B}^{\mathcal{C}}_{\mathcal{D}}=\{{\bigl{(}\begin{smallmatrix}{X}\\
{Y}\\
\end{smallmatrix}\bigr{)}_{f}}:\text{$f$ is a monomorphism, $Y\in\mathcal{D}$ %
and $\operatorname{Coker}f\in\mathcal{C}$}\}}

.
We prove the following results: (1) Assume that

M

⊗
B

𝒯
′

⊆
𝒯

{M\otimes_{B}\mathcal{T}^{\prime}\subseteq\mathcal{T}}

,

M

⊗
B

𝒞
′

⊆
𝒞

{M\otimes_{B}\mathcal{C}^{\prime}\subseteq\mathcal{C}}

and

Tor
i
B

⁢

(
M
,

𝒯
′

)

=
0

{\mathrm{Tor}^{B}_{i}(M,\mathcal{T}^{\prime})=0}

for all

i
≥
1

{i\geq 1}

. Then

(
𝒞
,
𝒯
)

{(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{T})}

and

(

𝒞
′

,

𝒯
′

)

{(\mathcal{C}^{\prime},\mathcal{T}^{\prime})}

are n-tilting pairs respectively in

A
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{A\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

and

B
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{B\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

if and only if

(

𝔅

𝒞
′

𝒞

,

𝔅

𝒯
′

𝒯

)

{(\mathfrak{B}^{\mathcal{C}}_{\mathcal{C}^{\prime}},\mathfrak{B}^{\mathcal{T}}%
_{\mathcal{T}^{\prime}})}

is an n-tilting pair in

Λ
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{\Lambda\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

. (2) Assume that

M

⊗
B

𝒱

⊆
𝒲

{M\otimes_{B}\mathcal{V}\subseteq\mathcal{W}}

and

Tor
i
B

⁢

(
M
,

𝒱

⊥

)

=
0

{\mathrm{Tor}^{B}_{i}(M,{{}^{\perp}\mathcal{V}})=0}

for all

i
≥
1

{i\geq 1}

. If

𝒲

{\mathcal{W}}

and

𝒱

{\mathcal{V}}

are Wakamatsu tilting subcategories respectively in

A
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{A\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

and

B
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{B\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

, then

𝔅
𝒱
𝒲

{\mathfrak{B}^{\mathcal{W}}_{\mathcal{V}}}

is a Wakamatsu tilting subcategory in

Λ
⁢
-
⁢
mod

{\Lambda\text{-}\mathrm{mod}}

.
Extracting discontinuity using the probe and enclosure methods
Authors: Ikehata Masaru
Published: March 2023

This is a review article on the development of the probe and enclosure methods from past to present, focused on their central ideas together with various applications.
Plotting and characterisation in Sophie Hannah’sThe Other Half Lives: a cognitive stylistic approach
Authors: Gregoriou Christiana
Published: March 2023

(Sophie Hannah’s. 2009.The Other Half Lives. London: Hodder).The Other Half Livesboth complies with, and departs from, the crime fiction formula or text schema. It features a mystery the specifics of which are unravelled non-chronologically, while its numerous crimes and non-ideal criminals and victims disrupt readers’ world schemas and help enable its surprising effects. Not unlike such fiction, the story’s early happenings feature late in the telling, while many happenings are given from different character perspectives. Both of these help unsettle narrative perspective, and generate suspense, mystery, and readers’ later repairing and replacing of frames. Focalisation and the working and reworking of killing characters’ early depiction are techniques also enabling foreshadowing and misdirection, for readers’ sympathies and prejudices to be manipulated accordingly, and for surprise revelations to prove effective, even when a surprise ending is – given the nature of this genre – only to be expected.
Context-embedded phonological memory in interpreters
Authors: Chung Hye-Yeon
Published: March 2023

This pilot study examines the hypothesis that the phonological memory of interpreters is superior to that of non-interpreters when embedded in a context. Context-embedded phonological memory (CEPM) is a product of the interaction between semantic and phonological memory, and becomes a component of interpreters’ professional expertise because of their attentional control. Four groups with different years of interpretation experience were asked to recall texts with distinct CEPM features. CEPM and its retrieval process were measured using WordSmith 6.0 and My Screen Recorder. Professional interpreters retrieved a high amount of CEPM (39.6 %), but were outperformed by interpreter trainees (40.52 %), roughly 15 years younger on average. Group difference was statistically significant only between the groups with interpretation experience and the teacher group. Only professionals’ performance in retrieving highly abstract information and the proper names and numbers in a context suggests that professionals are skilled at exploiting phonological information to create an elaborate semantic network.
Continued survival of the elusive Seram orange melomys (Melomys fulgens)
Authors: Turvey Samuel T. , Jeffree Timothy E. , Macdonald Alastair A. , Leus Kristin , Kennerley Rosalind J. , Maharadatunkamsi  , Kitchener Andrew C.
Published: March 2023

Many poorly-known small mammals have remained undetected for decades, includingMelomys fulgens, a distinctive orange murid from Seram, Indonesia, that has been unrecorded since 1920. We report previously undocumented specimens ofM. fulgenscollected in 1993 and 1994, and local ecological knowledge from 2017 including descriptions and recent sightings, providing strong indirect evidence of its continued survival in similar habitat to known collection localities. These findings indicate relatively widespread distribution ofM. fulgensin low-elevation coastal forest across Seram, raising hope for continued survival of Seram’s other ‘lost’ small mammals.
What influences public support for plastic waste control policies and green consumption? Evidence from a multilevel analysis of survey data from 27 European countries
Authors: Vu Hong Tien , Conlin Jeff , Nguyen Nhung , Baines Annalise
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the influence of individual- and country-level factors on citizen members’ attitude and actions regarding plastic waste. At the individual level, it assesses the influence of the diversity of environmental news use from traditional media, online social networks, and other internet sources on the public’s support for policy and green behaviors related to plastic waste.

Design/methodology/approach

We utilized secondary survey data collected from 27 European countries by Eurobarometer.

Results

The two-level analysis show that several individual factors including gender, age, political ideology, risk perception, and most importantly diversity of sources in environmental news use, from all three types of media sources, was positively associated with participants’ policy support and green behaviors related to plastic waste. This research also found the influence of several country-level variables on green behaviors toward plastic waste.

Implications

When assessing support for plastic waste control, various factors at both levels (i.e., country and individual) need to be considered to mobilize the public. Findings suggest extending the theoretical model of social cognitive theory to include more country-level factors especially in cross-national comparison.

Originality/value

This study shed lights on understanding factors that could influence public policy support and green behaviors with regards to plastic waste.
Muslimische Seelsorge in einem interreligiös geprägten Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Gärtner Stefan
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag geht von dem illustrativen Fallbericht einer islamischen Seelsorgerin in einem Krankenhaus aus. In einem zweiten Schritt wird die Empirie in einen größeren Zusammenhang gestellt: Es geht um das Rollenverständnis islamischer Seelsorgepersonen in einem interreligiösen Kontext, den Glauben muslimischer Patientinnen und Patienten in diesem Kontext, ihre damit verbundenen Vorstellungen von Gesundheit und Krankheit sowie die Bedeutung von Familie und Kultur für die seelsorgliche Begleitung. Abschließend skizziere ich die Situation von Musliminnen und Muslimen in den Niederlanden und danach das Umfeld der dortigen islamischen Seelsorge, näherhin die Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten und ihren Status in einer säkularen Organisation.
Subgenual and Hippocampal Pathways in Amygdala Are Set to Balance Affect and Context Processing
Authors: Joyce Mary Kate P. , Wang Jingyi , Barbas Helen
Published: March 2023

The amygdala, hippocampus, and subgenual cortex area 25 (A25) are engaged in complex cognitive-emotional processes. Yet pathway interactions from hippocampus and A25 with postsynaptic sites in amygdala remain largely unknown. In rhesus monkeys of both sexes, we studied with neural tracers how pathways from A25 and hippocampus interface with excitatory and inhibitory microcircuits in amygdala at multiple scales. We found that both hippocampus and A25 innervate distinct as well as overlapping sites of the basolateral (BL) amygdalar nucleus. Unique hippocampal pathways heavily innervated the intrinsic paralaminar basolateral nucleus, which is associated with plasticity. In contrast, orbital A25 preferentially innervated another intrinsic network, the intercalated masses, an inhibitory reticulum that gates amygdalar autonomic output and inhibits fear-related behaviors. Finally, using high-resolution confocal and electron microscopy (EM), we found that among inhibitory postsynaptic targets in BL, both hippocampal and A25 pathways preferentially formed synapses with calretinin (CR) neurons, which are known for disinhibition and may enhance excitatory drive in the amygdala. Among other inhibitory postsynaptic sites, A25 pathways innervated the powerful parvalbumin (PV) neurons which may flexibly regulate the gain of neuronal assemblies in the BL that affect the internal state. In contrast, hippocampal pathways innervated calbindin (CB) inhibitory neurons, which modulate specific excitatory inputs for processing context and learning correct associations. Common and unique patterns of innervation in amygdala by hippocampus and A25 have implications for how complex cognitive and emotional processes may be selectively disrupted in psychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus, subgenual A25, and amygdala are associated with learning, memory, and emotions. We found that A25 is poised to affect diverse amygdalar processes, from emotional expression to fear learning by innervating the basal complex and the intrinsic intercalated masses. Hippocampal pathways uniquely interacted with another intrinsic amygdalar nucleus which is associated with plasticity, suggesting flexible processing of signals in context for learning. In the basolateral (BL) amygdala, which has a role in fear learning, both hippocampal and A25 interacted preferentially with disinhibitory neurons, suggesting a boost in excitation. The two pathways diverged in innervating other classes of inhibitory neurons, suggesting circuit specificities that could become perturbed in psychiatric diseases.
The Curious Case of Ants That Live in Galls
Authors: Jorge Nina de Castro , Pimenta Thaiane Salgado , Oliveira Luan Tadeu de Castro , Isaias Rosy Mary dos Santos
Published: March 2023

The worldwide scientific community has been promoting science communication from colleges and universities to schools, and different tools for communicating scientific discoveries have been created. Among this variety of tools, our choice fell on a storybook. The book, entitled The Curious Case of Ants That Live in Galls, is directed at 8-to-12-year-old children, and its use is suggested for literature and science classes. We propose either reading the text with the students or individual reading, followed by a debate and retextualization exercise. Also, the teacher can use the story as a motivation to address the science content and to discuss the scientific method. We observed the emergence of new questions, teaching methodologies, and didactic resources capable of amplifying the scientific context and, consequently, the student’s motivation.
Long Story Short
Authors: Pigg Rachel M. , Rauschert Emily S. J. , Yang Suann
Published: March 2023

Creating new assessments in biology courses for every student cohort is difficult. To address this issue, we build assessments around scenarios we write that are inspired by current primary literature. Here, we describe how to find source material for scenarios, how to write them, and how we use scenarios together with their associated questions in the classroom. Students responded positively to scenario-based question sets on tests, as survey respondents reported reduced test anxiety and increased appreciation for real-world applications of course content.
The Architecture of the Leisure Class: Thorstein Veblen and the University of Chicago
Authors: Merwood-Salisbury Joanna
Published: March 2023

The American economist Thorstein Veblen’s The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) has been used to support and define concepts of architectural modernity for more than one hundred years. Best known for introducing the concept of “conspicuous consumption,” this influential book has been especially valuable for historians of the architecture of consumer culture. Yet curiously, Veblen’s own architectural examples have escaped scholarly attention. This article explores the link Veblen drew between Gothic Revival architecture and cultural barbarism. Inverting the concepts and terminology of race science, Veblen used the image of the Gothic Revival university to criticize the rhetoric of American exceptionalism. Seen through the lens of Veblen’s writing, Henry Ives Cobb’s design for the University of Chicago (1891–97), where Veblen taught for fourteen years, represents the transformation of leisure-class aesthetics under the logic of capitalism.
Evaluation on College Students’ Anxiety and Social Media Usage during Shanghai Closure
Authors: Wei Qian
Published: March 2023

As COVID-19 mutates, the highly infectious omicron mutants (BA. 5.2., BF. 7) tension shrouded China. Given the internet information explosion and youth social media addiction, observing the mental impact on college students during the 2022 Shanghai closure is worthwhile. A pilot survey study was conducted to explore the anxiety levels of college students during the closure. The sample size was limited to 101 second-year college students. In addition to demographics, the survey involved the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, self-perceived COVID-19 anxiety, frequency of COVID-19 information reception, number of social media accounts, and number of electronic devices. Though 68.4% of students equipped with two electronic devices (N = 95) exceeded the students with only one electronic device, a Chi-square test showed that students with only one electronic device had the highest anxiety index (mean = 50). Further, the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that the number of electronic devices affected the students’ anxiety level (p = 0.027) while social media membership did not (p = 0.565). As a result, it was suggested that social media usage and pandemic information inputs among college students were significant concerns that required special attention from the government, schools, teachers, and families.
Der Landscape Monitor
Authors: Schnegg Maël , Davila Antonio , Oyon Daniel , Stenzel Arthur
Published: March 2023

Das Umfeld von Unternehmen wird immer komplexer und unterliegt einer Vielzahl von Veränderungen. Unternehmen müssen sich an diese Veränderungen anpassen und die Chancen nutzen, die sich in ihrem Umfeld ergeben, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Zu diesem Zweck benötigen Organisationen formale Steuerungssysteme, um die Lernkapazitäten des Unternehmens aufzubauen und damit das Lernpotenzial des Unternehmens zu nutzen. Der in diesem Artikel beschriebene Landscape Monitor ist ein Steuerungssystem, das spezifisch hierfür entwickelt wurde.
La República de las Fallas: La Revista Pensat i Fet en los años de la Segunda República
Authors: Peris Llorca Jesús
Published: March 2023

En los años 30 la fiesta de las fallas ya se había convertido en la fiesta mayor de la ciudad de Valencia y se presenta como una fiesta urbana y un espectáculo de masas. En este artículo, y a partir de los números correspondientes de la revista fallera Pensat i Fet vamos a conocer el estado de la fiesta en estos años, la manera como refleja la proclamación de la República y los diferentes avatares del proceso político de estos años y cómo contribuye a tratar de articular desde la cultura popular una identidad nacional valenciana.Palabras clave: fallas, cultura popular, literatura popular, tradición, imaginario nacionalAbstract: During the 30’s the Fallas festival had already become the Major festival in the City of Valencia and it appears as an urban festival and a mass show. In this article, and from the fallas magazine Pensat i Fet in these years, we will analyze the state of the Festival during the period, the way it reflects the proclamation of the Republic and the different issues of the political process of these years and how it contributes to try to articulate from the popular culture a Valencian identity.Key words: Fallas, popular culture, popular literature, tradition, national imaginary
Effects of saturated steam treatment on the cell-wall mechanics and moisture sorption properties of kenaf fibers
Authors: Yu Wangwang , Xu Bin , Fan Bangrui , Yaoli Zhang , Wang Xinzhou
Published: March 2023

To improve their hygroscopicity, kenaf fibers were thermally modified by saturated steam at 180 °C for 5, 10, 20, and 40 min. The chemical structure, cellulose crystallinity, cell-wall mechanics, and moisture sorption properties of kenaf fibers were analyzed to evaluate the modification effectiveness. Mass loss and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) changes indicated that the lignin content and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) increased with the reduction in hemicellulose after a steam treatment, especially for a long duration. The increased CrI and relative lignin content resulted in an increased elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (H) of fiber cell walls after the steam treatment. The reduction in hydrophilic groups and increased stiffness of the cell wall after the steam treatment caused an obvious reduction in the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at the given relative humidity (RH). It also reduced the moisture increment/decrement and sorption hysteresis during the adsorption and desorption process.
Species- and moisture-based sorting of green timber mix with near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Zhu , Rahimi Sohrab , Avramidis Stavros , Fang Yiming
Published: March 2023

Methods suitable for the determination and classification of green timber mix (western hemlock and amabilis fir), with respect to species and moisture content, were developed and tested using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. One thousand two hundred samples were distributed into a calibration set (720 samples) and a prediction set (480 samples). Partial least squares (PLS) and least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM) for both regression (PLSR and LS-SVR) and classification (PLS-DA and LS-SVC) with different spectral preprocessing methods were implemented. LS-SVM outperformed PLS models for both regression and classification. The coefficient of determination (R2p) and root mean square error (RMSEP) of prediction for the best LS-SVR model with spectra pretreated by smooth and first derivative were 0.9824 and 8.7%, respectively, for wood moisture content prediction in the range of 30% to 253%. The best classification model was LS-SVC with spectra pretreated by smooth and second derivative, with overall accuracies of 99.8% in the prediction set, when the samples were divided into four classes. NIRS combined with LS-SVM can be used as a rapid alternative method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of green hem-fir mix before kiln drying. The results could be helpful for sorting green hem-fir mixes with an on-line application.
Chemical changes within solids during liquid hot water pretreatment of wood
Authors: Kučerová Viera , Výbohová Eva , Hönig Vladimír , Čabalová Iveta
Published: March 2023

The chemical properties of willow were studied following liquid hot water pretreatment. Three different temperatures of liquid hot water pretreatment were used (160, 180, and 200 °C) for periods of 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The contents of extractives, lignin, holocellulose, glucose, and xylose was determined. Compared with the original sample, the results indicated that lignin and extractives content increased after pretreatment. Further, the content of xylose decreased significantly with increasing pretreatment time for all three temperatures. The highest glucose content was obtained under the conditions of 180 °C for 240 min. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the content of xylose in the solid fraction and the severity factor of treatment. To determine the changes in cellulose crystallinity, the total crystallinity index (TCI) and the lateral order index (LOI) were calculated from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of cellulose. An increase in both of these structural characteristics was observed at all experimental temperatures.
Musical instrument lumber recovery from Romanian resonance spruces
Authors: Albu Cristian Teofil , Dinulică Florin , Bartha Szilard , Vasilescu Maria Magdalena , Tereșneu Cristian Cornel , Vlad Ioana Andra
Published: March 2023

Increasing demand for resonance spruce has led to gradual depletion of resources in traditional areas. Consequently, to meet the need for raw material to manufacture musical instruments, sorting has become the key operation of exploitation. This study was completed on the largest Romanian resonance wood resource, to maximize outputs of flitches for violin, cello, and double bass instruments by optimizing traditional requirements regarding quality of raw material with its current level. Ten resonance spruces were felled and gradually turned into semi-manufactured musical instruments. The material was analysed for defects in all stages of conversion. The frequency of zero defective samples was 60%. Evolution of defects along the trees indicated the tree section from 1 m to 12 m above the ground for musical instruments manufacturing. Output in terms of flitches ranged from one tree to another: between 19 and 32% if calculated from logs volume, and between 13 and 30% if calculated from volume of the standing trees. The results advocated for relaxing traditional requirements on resonance logs, at least regarding buttress and knottiness. Thus, recommendations are made, from the perspective of increasing efficiency, on the admissibility of defects and size diversification of musical instruments.
Producing flexible calcium carbonate from waste paper and their use as fillers for high bulk paper
Authors: Kang Lae Hyuk , Seo Yung Bum , Han Jung Soo
Published: March 2023

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared from post-consumer old corrugated container (OCC) material, which was first disintegrated in water, cleaned to remove impurities, and then fibrillated by grinding. Those processed MFCs were treated with in-situ formation of calcium carbonate by adding calcium oxide and injecting carbon dioxide into the mixture up to the ratio of 1:40 (MFC : calcium carbonate) by weight. The MFCs had a dark brown color initially but turned into high brightness materials similar to commercial ground calcium carbonate (GCC) after the in-situ formation process. The MFCs that had calcium carbonate attached on their surfaces, which were lengthy and flexible, were called flexible calcium carbonate from OCC (FCCO). Paper containing FCCO gave higher bulk, higher stiffness, and higher tensile index without lowering smoothness when compared to the paper containing commercial GCC. However, brightness was slightly lowered because of initial low brightness of the OCC. This study also demonstrated the feasibility to substitute wood fibers up to 5% with FCCO without lowering essential properties for printing paper. Benefits of the waste paper are savings of both wood resources and production cost.
Books from Sofia library in the cyrillic book collection at the Russian state library
Authors: Khromov Oleg
Published: March 2023

The article tires to identify early printed editions from Novgorod churches and monasteries as part of the Russian State Library (RSL) collection. It shows the way they got to the RSL and provides a method for their attribution. In the XVIII century, the books were collected in the St. Sophia Cathedral library in Novgorod. In the middle of the XIX century, some of them were brought to the library of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. In the 1870s, the idea of exchanging book duplicates between the St. Petersburg Theological Academy and the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev’s Museums arose. It was supported by His Eminence Metropolitan of St. Petersburg, Novgorod and Finland Isidore. In 1874, the Rumyantsev’s Museum received 126 books. Among them, there were books from the Kirillo-Belozersk Monastery, the Sofia Library and some items of an unknown origin (without owner's signs). The article shows the methodology and process of attribution the books from Novgorod monasteries and churches based on the study of owners’ signs (for example, dedicatory inscriptions, authographs and other notes) taking in account the history of the Sofia Library collection. There were some contributions from the nobility, for example, D. M. Bashmakov, a statesman of the 17th century; or Princess Natalia Kirillovna, a mother of Peter I, who made a donation to the Novgorod Convent of Great martyr Euphemia the Glorious. This fact allows us to look at the history of monastic libraries in a more detailed way exploring their parts. The attribution of the books of Novgorod origin at the RSL collection illustrates the research method for regional Cyrillic book collections, which for the most part remains unexplored.Keywords: the early Cyrillic printed books, the Sofia Library, Novgorod Books, editions of the Moscow Printing House, the history of libraries, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, monastic and church libraries, books of Ancient Russia, regional collections of old printed books.
Trace Elements Zinc and Selenium: Their Significance in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gulich M.P. , Yemchenko N.L. , Kaplinenko V.G. , Kharchenko O.O.
Published: March 2023

Within the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, when many questions regarding prevention and treatment strategies remain unsolved and the search for the best antiviral agents is underway, attention should be paid to the role of trace elements zinc and selenium in increasing the body’s resistance to viral infections and their direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Experimental data show that trace elements zinc and selenium not only act through regulating the immune response at all levels of humoral and cellular immunity, but also can play a significant role in adjuvant therapy for viral diseases. This is especially relevant in the case of COVID-19. Studies of the direct antiviral effect of these microelements testify to its 3 main ways to SARS-CoV-2: I — counteraction to virus replication and its transcription through: (i) their covalent binding to the SH-group of the cysteine of the main protease M(Pro) of the virus; (ii) inhibition of its RNA polymerase activity by zinc; II — preventing the penetration of the virus into cells due to blocking SH-groups of protein disulfide isomerase (RDI) of the protein of its spikes (peplomers); III — decreasing the adsorption capacity of the virus due to the blocking of the electrostatic interaction of SARS-CoV-2 peplomers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) in ultra-low, uncharacteristic oxidation states (Zn+1 and Se-2). The intensity of the antiviral action of these trace elements may depend on their chemical form. It was found that zinc citrate (a five-membered complex of zinc with citric acid) and monoselenium citric acid obtained with the help of nanotechnology have a greater intensity of action and higher chemical purity. Taking into account the immunostimulating and direct antiviral effect of zinc and selenium, their use in the form of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements should be considered as adjunctive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 in patients, or as a preventive strategy for uninfected people from risk groups during the spread of COVID-19.
Electromagnetic radiation of semiconductor crystals in crossed electric and magnetic fields
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Milenin G.V. , Redko R.A. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine,   State University of Telecommunications, 7, Solomenska str., 03110 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The features of generation of electromagnetic radiation by semiconductor crystals in crossed electric and magnetic fields have been analyzed. Analytical relations for calculating the power of cyclotron radiation have been given. The obtained results are of interest for the purposes of obtaining the sources of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range.
Silicon lenses with HDPE anti-reflection coatings for low THz frequency range
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Shevchik-Shekera A.V. , Sizov F.F. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Golenkov O.G. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Lysiuk I.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Petriakov V.О. ,   Institute for Nuclear Research, NAS of Ukraine, 47, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovbasa M.Yu. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Presented in this paper have been the design, fabrication, and testing of the high resistance floating-zone silicon (HRFZ-Si) optics with the anti-reflection (AR) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coatings, for the low part of terahertz (THz) frequency range (ν ≈ 0.14 THz), by using the precision press molding. Experimental results of the transmission of the wafers and lenses with double-sided anti-reflection HDPE coatings for radiation frequency 0.14 THz showed an increase in the transmittance T values up to ≈1.45 times as compared to T magnitudes in wafers and lenses without HDPE coatings. The capability to use terahertz lenses with HDPE interference films and the technology of press molding, as a cheaper alternative to the horn antenna applications for the terahertz range of 0.14 THz was shown. With advancements in THz imaging and 6G communication technologies, further implementation of these Si optical elements is possible.