bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐3‐indol‐3′‐yloxindoles via Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 3‐Diazooxindoles, Indoles and Formalin.
Authors: Jing Changcheng , Xing Dong , Wang Chengjin , Hu Wenhao
Published: August 2015

The utility of the scalable method is demonstrated by the transformation of product (VIb) into a key intermediate (XIII) for the total synthesis of the bisindole alkaloid gliocladin C (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Apocynaceae Hydrocarbazole Alkaloids (+)‐Deethylibophyllidine and (+)‐Limaspermidine.
Authors: Du Ji‐Yuan , Zeng Chao , Han Xiao‐Jie , Qu Hu , Zhao Xian‐He , An Xian‐Tao , Fan Chun‐An
Published: August 2015

An unprecedented asymmetric tandem aminolysis/aza‐Michael addition reaction of spirocyclic para‐dienoneimides [e.g. (I)] with the formation of the chiral quaternary center in the densely functionalized hydrocarbazole synthons [e.g. (III)] is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naked Amino‐Pyrroloindoline via Direct Aminocyclization of Tryptamine.
Authors: Shen Zhigao , Xia Zilei , Zhao Huijun , Hu Jiadong , Wan Xiaolong , Lai Yisheng , Zhu Chen , Xie Weiqing
Published: August 2015

A variety of structurally diverse unprotected amino‐pyrroloindolines are obtained by aminocyclization of tryptamine and tryptophan using O‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine as nitrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diazirine‐Based Photoreactive Saccharin Derivatives for the Photoaffinity Labeling of Gustatory Receptors.
Authors: Hashimoto Makoto , et al.
Published: August 2015

An improved short synthesis of diazirinyl saccharin derivatives (VIII) and (X) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Additions of Highly Basic Enolates to ortho‐Quinone Methides.
Authors: Lewis Robert S. , Garza Christopher J. , Dang Ann T. , Pedro Te Kie A. , Chain William J.
Published: August 2015

Ketone and ester enolates are transformed with ortho‐quinone methides generated in situ from silylated precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Exocyclic Vinylogous Amides and β‐Amino Ketones: A Detailed Study on the 5‐exo/6‐endo‐dig Selectivity, Methodology and Scope.
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Begliomini Stefano , Prandi Cristina , Oppedisano Alberto , Deagostino Annamaria , Gomez‐Bengoa Enrique , Fiser Bela , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: August 2015

The Au(I)‐catalyzed reaction of N‐Boc‐protected 6‐alkynyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyridines, giving vinylogous amides (β‐enaminones), is studied in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of 4,6‐Diarylated Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones from Chalcones: Novel Access to 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyridines.
Authors: Khajuria Rajni , Kannaboina Prakash , Kapoor Kamal K. , Gupta Annah , Raina Gaurav , Jassal Amanpreet Kaur , Rana Love Karan , Hundal Maninder S. , Das Parthasarathi
Published: August 2015

Three component condensation of 1,3‐diaryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones with ethyl nitroacetate and ammonium acetate provides a convenient synthesis of 4,6‐diarylated pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation Between 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Alkynes Leading to Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Peng Haibo , Yu Jin‐Tao , Jiang Yan , Wang Lei , Cheng Jiang
Published: August 2015

The method tolerates chloro, bromo, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐ and 7‐Azaindoles from the Corresponding Imines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade C—C and C—N Coupling.
Authors: Pham Ngo Nghia , Dang Thanh Tuan , Ngo Ngoc Thang , Villinger Alexander , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: August 2015

The base promoted Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of 2‐bromo‐3‐chloropyridine with a range of diarylimines affords 4‐azaindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of New Coumarin‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones Dyads.
Authors: Benazzouz Amina , Makhloufi‐Chebli Malika , Khatir‐Hamdi Nejla , Boutemeur‐Khedis Baya , Silva Artur M. S. , Hamdi Maamar
Published: August 2015

The title compounds are prepared by three—component Biginelli reaction of coumarins, aldehydes, and (thio)urea.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Dihydroquinoxaline Derivatives by Tandem N‐Alkylation and Addition Reactions of 3‐Oxoquinoxaline‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Miyamaru Satoru , Umezu Kazuto , Ito Akinori , Shimizu Makoto
Published: August 2015

The one‐pot synthesis of dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐ones is described using an umpolung N‐alkylation followed by oxidation and C‐alkylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Sequential Reactions for the Synthesis of 12H‐Benzo[a]xanthenes and Dihydro‐1H‐naphtho[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazines.
Authors: Shahrisa Aziz , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza , Gholamhosseini‐Nazari Mahdi
Published: August 2015

A novel, rapid method is presented for the synthesis of alkylaminonaphthols using bismuth trichloride as catalyst under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Two Salmahyrtisanes: Salmahyrtisol A and Hippospongide A.
Authors: Martin Maria , Urosa Aitor , Marcos Isidro S. , Diez David , Padron Jose M. , Basabe Pilar
Published: August 2015

Amongst some intermediates, salmahyrtisol A (I) has been tested on its antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines A549 (lung), HBL‐100 (lung), HeLa (cervix), SW1573 (lung), T‐47D (breast) and WiDr (colon).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Recyclable SO3H‐Carbon Catalyst for the Selective Synthesis of Isomannide‐Based Fatty Acid Monoesters as Non‐ionic Bio‐surfactants.
Authors: Kumar Reddy T. Vijai , Sandhya Rani G. , Prasad R. B. N. , Prabhavathi Devi B. L. A.
Published: August 2015

The carbon acid catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused five cycles without losing its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Steroidal Alkaloids from Veratrum maackii with Genotoxicity on Brain‐Cell DNA in Mice.
Authors: Cong Yue , Zhu Hua‐Lan , Zhang Qing‐Chun , Li Lin , Li Hai‐Yan , Wang Xian‐You , Guo Jing‐Gong
Published: August 2015

Two new steroidal alkaloids (I) and (II) are isolated from the root and rhizoma of Veratrum maackii together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cottoquinazolines E and F from Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181.
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Wang Shi‐Lei , Lang Huang‐Yan , Chen Si‐Mei , Ying You‐Min , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: August 2015

Two new norfumiquinazolines, cottoquinazolines E (I) and F (II), are isolated from the EtOH extract of Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)‐Hostmanin A, (‐)‐Linderol A, (+)‐Methyllinderatin and Structural Reassignment of Adunctin E.
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Dherange Balu D.
Published: August 2015

Title compounds (I) ‐ (IV) are prepared using a modified Friedel—Crafts reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview on Visible Light Responsive Metal Oxide Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Energy Production
Authors: Martha Satyabadi , Chandra Sahoo Prakash , Parida K. M.
Published: August 2015

Review: 263 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: General Aspects of Zeolite Acidity Characterization
Authors: Sandoval‐Diaz Luis‐Ernesto , Gonzalez‐Amaya Jhon‐Alex , Trujillo Carlos‐Alexander
Published: August 2015

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles : An Overview of the Various Methods
Authors: Khodashenas Bahareh , Ghorbani Hamid Reza
Published: August 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect Chemistry in Ferroelectric Perovskites: Long Standing Issues and Recent Advances
Authors: Maglione M. , Philippot G. , Levasseur D. , Payan S. , Aymonier C. , Elissalde C.
Published: August 2015

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms in the Solution Growth of Free‐Standing Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xudong
Published: August 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Monomeric Octahedral D2 Rhenium(V) Oxo Complexes with Oxygen Atoms trans to the Oxo Ligands: Complexes with Methoxo Ligands trans to O(oxo)
Authors: Sergienko V. S. , Churakov A. V.
Published: August 2015

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Arylated Indolines from Dearomatization of Indoles
Authors: Denizot Natacha , Tomakinian Terry , Beaud Rodolphe , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume
Published: August 2015

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Application of the Burgess Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Ahmadi Tahereh , Fazeli Azadeh , Kalkhorani Nasim Milani
Published: August 2015

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Functional Derivatives of Cycl[3.2.2]azine‐1,2‐dicarboxylic Acid — Perspective Building Blocks for π‐Extended Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Zhurkin Fedor E. , Pushkarev Victor E. , Tomilova Larisa G.
Published: August 2015

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Applications of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis: A Review on Recent Efforts
Authors: Jindal Rani , Sablok Anju
Published: August 2015

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Alkene Hydro‐Functionalization Promoted by Homogeneous Catalysts Based on Earth Abundant Elements: Formation of C—N, C—O and C—P Bond
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ruiz Violeta , Carlino Romain , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Gil Richard , Prim Damien , Schulz Emmanuelle , Hannedouche Jerome
Published: August 2015

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reductive Amination
Authors: Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang
Published: August 2015

Review: recent advances in asymmetric reductive amination by hydrogenation, transfer hdrogenation, organocatalytic and biocatalytic reduction; 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction: 2010—2014
Authors: Maluenda Irene , Navarro Oscar
Published: August 2015

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Technology of Polyfluorinated Organic Compounds Based on New Aggression Resistant Catalysts
Authors: Zakharov Vladimir Y.
Published: August 2015

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Potencies of Tri‐ and Tetra‐Substituted 1H‐Imidazoles
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Daraie Mansoureh , Zadsirjan Vahideh
Published: August 2015

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles by Formal Cycloadditions of Isocyanides
Authors: Kruithof Art , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: August 2015

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Process Concept for High‐Purity Production of Amines by Transaminase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis: Combining Enzyme Cascade and Membrane‐Assisted ISPR
Authors: Boerner Tim , Rehn Gustav , Grey Carl , Adlercreutz Patrick
Published: August 2015

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Silicon‐Stereogenic Organosilanes
Authors: Shintani Ryo
Published: August 2015

Review: [20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development and Application of Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Emmett Edward J. , Willis Michael C.
Published: August 2015

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Postsynthetic Labeling of Nucleic Acids by Means of Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authors: Merkel Marcus , Peewasan Krisana , Arndt Stefanie , Ploschik Damian , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: August 2015

Review: [114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Catalysts Based on Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Oxidation and Hydrogenation: General Functionality and Promising Application Prospects
Authors: Feng Junting , He Yufei , Liu Yanan , Du Yiyun , Li Dianqing
Published: August 2015

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aza‐Achmatowicz Reaction: Facile Entry into Functionalized Piperidinones
Authors: van der Pijl Ferdi , van Delft Floris L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: August 2015

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulky α,β‐Dehydroamino Acids: Their Occurrence in Nature, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Jiang Jintao , Ma Zhiwei , Castle Steven L.
Published: August 2015

Review: [161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Graphene/Polyamide 6 Composites: A Review
Authors: Fu Xubing , Yao Chenguang , Yang Guisheng
Published: August 2015

Review: data from 2009 to 2015; 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments and Recent Advancements in the Field of Endogenous Amino Acid Selective Bond Forming Reactions for Bioconjugation
Authors: Koniev Oleksandr , Wagner Alain
Published: August 2015

Review: 819 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Design of Inhibitors of Protein—Protein Interactions: Mimicking Peptide Binding Epitopes
Authors: Pelay‐Gimeno Marta , Glas Adrian , Koch Oliver , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: August 2015

Review: 454 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Status and New Developments of Biodiesel Production Using Fungal Lipases
Authors: Aguieiras Erika C. G. , Cavalcanti‐Oliveira Elisa D. , Freire Denise M. G.
Published: August 2015

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Extraction Methods and Environmental Applications of Carotenoids: A Review
Authors: Singh Aarti , Ahmad Sayeed , Ahmad Anees
Published: August 2015

Review: [chemistry, classification, biosynthesis, extraction methods (conventional and non‐conventional), analytical techniques and biological roles of carotenoids; 376 refs.
Computer‐aided diagnosis: detection and localization of prostate cancer within the peripheral zone
Authors: Rampun Andrik , Chen Zhili , Malcolm Paul , Tiddeman Bernie , Zwiggelaar Reyer
Published: August 2015

We propose a methodology for prostate cancer detection and localization within the peripheral zone based on combining multiple segmentation techniques. We extract four image features using Gaussian and median filters. Subsequently, we use each image feature separately to generate binary segmentations. Finally, we take the intersection of all four binary segmentations, incorporating a model of the peripheral zone, and perform erosion to remove small false‐positive regions. The initial evaluation of this method is based on 275 MRI images from 37 patients, and 86% of the slices were classified correctly with 87% and 86% sensitivity and specificity achieved, respectively. This paper makes two contributions: firstly, a novel computer‐aided diagnosis approach, which is based on combining multiple segmentation techniques using only a small number of simple image features, and secondly, the development of the proposed method and its application in prostate cancer detection and localization using a single MRI modality with the results comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art multimodality and advanced computer vision methods in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology‐Dependent Electrochemical Properties of CuS Hierarchical Superstructures
Authors: Hosseinpour Zahra , Scarpellini Alice , Najafishirtari Sharif , Marras Sergio , Colombo Massimo , Alemi Abdolali , Volder Michaël De , George Chandramohan , Lesnyak Vladimir
Published: August 2015

Hierarchical superstructures formed by self‐assembled nanoparticles exhibit interesting electrochemical properties that can potentially be exploited in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) as possible electrode materials. In this work, we tested two different morphologies of CuS superstructures for electrodes, namely, tubular dandelion‐like and ball‐like assemblies, both of which are composed of similar small covellite nanoparticles. These two CuS morphologies are characterized by their markedly different electrochemical performances, suggesting that their complex structures/morphologies influence the electrochemical properties. At 1.12 A g−1, the cells made with CuS tubular structures delivered about 420 mAh g−1, and at 0.56 A g−1, the capacity was as high as about 500 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention. Their ease of preparation and processing, together with good electrochemical performance, make CuS tubular dandelion‐like clusters attractive for developing low‐cost LIBs based on conversion reactions.
Ni2P Makes Application of the PtRu Catalyst Much Stronger in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Chang Jinfa , Feng Ligang , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: August 2015

PtRu is regarded as the best catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells, but the performance decay resulting from the loss of Ru seriously hinders commercial applications. Herein, we demonstrated that the presence of Ni2P largely reduces Ru loss, which thus makes the application of PtRu much stronger in direct methanol fuel cells. Outstanding catalytic activity and stability were observed by cyclic voltammetry. Upon integrating the catalyst material into a practical direct methanol fuel cell, the highest maximum power density was achieved on the PtRu‐Ni2P/C catalyst among the reference catalysts at different temperatures. A maximum power density of 69.9 mW cm−2 at 30 °C was obtained on PtRu‐Ni2P/C, which is even higher than the power density of the state‐of‐the‐art commercial PtRu catalyst at 70 °C (63.1 mW cm−2). Moreover, decay in the performance resulting from Ru loss was greatly reduced owing to the presence of Ni2P, which is indicative of very promising applications.
Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls
Authors: McLean Siân A. , Paxton Susan J. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Masters Jennifer
Published: August 2015

Objective

Social media engagement by adolescent girls is high. Despite its appeal, there are potential negative consequences for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating from social media use. This study aimed to examine, in a cross‐sectional design, the relationship between social media use in general, and social media activities related to taking “selfies” and sharing specifically, with overvaluation of shape and weight, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint.

Method

Participants were 101 grade seven girls (Mage = 13.1, SD = 0.3), who completed self‐report questionnaires of social media use and body‐related and eating concerns measures.

Results

Results showed that girls who regularly shared self‐images on social media, relative to those who did not, reported significantly higher overvaluation of shape and weight, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and internalization of the thin ideal. In addition, among girls who shared photos of themselves on social media, higher engagement in manipulation of and investment in these photos, but not higher media exposure, were associated with greater body‐related and eating concerns, including after accounting for media use and internalization of the thin ideal.

Discussion

Although cross‐sectional, these findings suggest the importance of social media activities for body‐related and eating concerns as well as potential avenues for targeted social‐media‐based intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1132–1140).
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in an adolescent male with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A clinical case report
Authors: Chandran Jonathan James , Anderson Gail , Kennedy Andrew , Kohn Michael , Clarke Simon
Published: August 2015

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a potentially lethal eating disorder. This case example of a male, G, aged 17 years with ARFID illustrates the multiplicity of health problems related to nutritional deficiencies which may develop in an adolescent of normal weight. Of particular concern was the diagnosis of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord and the real possibility that G may have irreversible damage to his spinal cord. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with SCD of the spinal cord due to ARFID.

The adolescent was found to be deficient in Vitamin A, E, K, D, B12, and folate. Management required vitamin replacement, initial nasogastric feeding and the slow introduction of a varied diet. This patient will require long term rehabilitation. Medical practitioners need to be attuned to abnormal eating patterns in children and adolescents and refer for specialist care early. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1176–1179).
Medical comorbidity and medical complications associated with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Mitchell James E.
Published: August 2015

Objective

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible medical complications of binge‐eating disorder (BED).

Method

Literature on BED, both in obese and nonobese patients, was reviewed.

Results

A growing literature suggests that BED independently may increase the likelihood of developing components of the metabolic syndrome, and that LOC eating in children may contribute to weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Limited evidence suggests that other organ systems may be affected by BED as well.

Discussion

Additional prospective studies are needed. Although the results of the available studies are not definitive and provide somewhat mixed results, there does appear to be a clear suggestion of an increased risk for the development of components of the metabolic syndrome in adults and children.
Psychometric evaluation of self‐report measures of binge‐eating symptoms and related psychopathology: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Burton Amy L. , Abbott Maree J. , Modini Matthew , Touyz Stephen
Published: August 2015

Objective

Binge eating is a symptom common to bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa (binge/purge subtype), and binge eating disorder. There are many self‐report measures available to aid the assessment of eating disorders symptoms, but there has not yet been a systematic review of the literature to identify the most valid and reliable measures for use in assessment and treatment of binge eating.

Method

A systematic review of the psychometric properties of self‐report measures that assess binge eating symptoms and psychopathology was conducted. Two independent raters assessed the psychometric properties of each measure using a standardized quality analysis tool.

Results

Of the 2,927 studies identified, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria and described the psychometric properties of 29 different self‐report measures, and nine specific subscales within these. Results from the quality analysis tool utilized in this study indicated that none of the included measures currently meet all nine criteria of adequate psychometric properties.

Discussion

Most of the included measures had evidence for some adequate psychometric properties. Two measures received six out of nine positive ratings for the assessed psychometric properties, the BITE and the BULIT‐R, and thus appear to be the measures with the most evidence of their validity and reliability. Overall, our findings implicate a need for further investigation of the psychometric properties of the available self‐report questionnaires in this field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:123–140).
Eating disorders in military and veteran men and women: A systematic review
Authors: Bartlett Brooke A. , Mitchell Karen S.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Eating disorders (EDs) have serious consequences for psychological and physical health. They have high mortality rates and are among the most costly disorders to treat. However, EDs remain understudied in military and veteran populations. The aim of this review was to examine prevalence estimates and associated symptomatology of EDs among military and veteran men and women and to identify factors that may put these individuals at risk for the development of an ED for the purposes of improving detection, intervention, and treatment.

Method

A thorough literature review was conducted using the databases PsycINFO and PubMed. All articles with a focus on EDs in military/veteran samples were considered.

Results

Studies reveal high prevalence estimates of EDs among military/veteran men and women. Unique features of military life may increase the risk for development of an ED, including: military sexual trauma, strict weight and physical fitness requirements, and combat exposure. A history of trauma was common in individuals diagnosed with an ED in military and veteran samples.

Discussion

The high rates of EDs among military and veteran samples underscore the importance of further research, as well as the importance of screening and intervention efforts, in these understudied populations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleotide diversity patterns of three divergent soybean populations: evidences for population‐dependent linkage disequilibrium and taxonomic status of Glycine gracilis
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Shahid Muhammad Qasim , Huang Hongwen , Wang Ying
Published: August 2015

The level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a major factor to determine DNA polymorphism pattern of a population and to construct high‐resolution maps useful in localizing and gene cloning of complicated traits. Here, we investigated LD level of three soybean populations with different genetic backgrounds and taxonomic status of G. gracilis by comparing the DNA polymorphism patterns of four high‐diversity single‐copy nuclear genes. A total of 152, 22, and 77 accessions of G. soja, G. gracilis, and G. max were observed. The results indicated that G. max retained only 75.3 (π) and 39% (θ) of the nucleotide polymorphism found in G. soja. Four gene loci evolved according to neutrality in both G. max and G. gracilis populations, and three gene loci evolved according to neutrality in G. soja population by Tajima's and Fu and Li's test. However, one gene locus deviated from neutrality by Fu and Li's test in the G. soja population. Further, medial level of LD (average r2 = 0.2426) was found in intragene in G. max and G. gracilis populations, but unexpected low level of LD (r2 ≤ 0.0539) was found in G. soja population. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between G. max and G. soja populations and also between G. max and G. gracilis populations; however, nonsignificant genetic differentiation was found between G. gracilis and G. soja populations. The results suggest that LD level depends on genetic background of soybean population, and implicit that G. gracilis should be regarded as the variant of G. soja, not as an independent species.
A Novel Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3‐­methano‐1H‐indene {(Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene} and Analysis of Its NMR Spectra
Authors: Christl Manfred , Cohrs Carsten
Published: August 2015

A new synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐methano‐1H‐indene (3) has been designed with bicyclo[2.1.1]hex‐2‐ene serving as starting material, which was added onto chloro‐substituted α‐pyrones. The title hydrocarbon 3 was then obtained in two subsequent steps. The AA′MM′ 1H NMR spectrum of 3 was analyzed and simulated, leading to corrections of previously published coupling constants. The 13C NMR signal of the methylene carbon atoms appears at particularly low field (δ = 63.3 ppm). This finding is discussed together with anomalous low‐ and high‐field absorptions of methylene carbon atoms of cyclobutanes and bridgehead carbon atoms of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, the 1,3‐ and 2,4‐positions of which, respectively, are bridged by π electron systems. As a result, moieties with (4n + 2) π electrons cause deshieldings, whereas those having 4n π electrons evoke shieldings.
Energetic Organic Peroxides – Synthesis and Characterization of 1,4‐Dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetraoxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Stiasny Benedikt , Stierstorfer Jörg , Winter Charles H.
Published: August 2015

1,4‐Dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetraoxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and several similar alkyl‐derivatives were synthesized applying two different strategies. Crystal structures of the compounds were determined and their energetic properties including sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge as well as their thermal behaviour were determined and compared to tricacetone triperoxide (TATP). The enthalpies of formation and the resulting explosive properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 program.
Temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction at different ages covering the lifespan – A population based study
Authors: Lövgren A. , Häggman‐Henrikson B. , Visscher C.M. , Lobbezoo F. , Marklund S. , Wänman A.
Published: August 2015

Background

Temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction can have a negative effect on daily life, but these conditions are not well recognized in the health care systems. The general aim was to examine the cross‐sectional prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction in men and women across the lifespan.

Methods

The analysis was based on data from 137,718 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 22.7) who answered three questions (3Q/TMD) included in the digital health declaration in the Public Dental Health care in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden; Q1: ‘Do you have pain in your temple, face, jaw or jaw joint once a week or more?’; Q2: ‘Does it hurt once a week or more when you open your mouth or chew?’; and Q3: ‘Does your jaw lock or become stuck once a week or more?’

Results

The prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain (Q1) was 5.2% among women and 1.8% among men (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of frequent pain on jaw movement (Q2) was 2.5% among women and 0.9% among men (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of frequent locking of the jaw (Q3) was 2.7% among women and 1.2% among men (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The study shows that the cross‐sectional prevalence of temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction varies during the lifespan. For men and women, respectively, symptoms increase during adolescence, peak in middle age and then gradually diminish. The prevalence of these symptoms is significantly higher among women except from the first and last decades of a 100‐year lifespan.
Electrochemical Immunoassays Based on Graphene: A Review
Authors: Wei Tianxiang , Dai Zhihui , Lin Yuehe , Du Dan
Published: August 2015

Immunoassay is a common analytic method with great practicability. Recently, there is a growing interest in applying graphene to modern biosensor research due to its distinct physical and chemical properties, such as excellent conductivity, high surface area, ease of functionalization, and so on. In this review, we summarized the recent researches on the development of electrochemical immunoassays based on graphene. We focus on the different roles of graphene in constructing various electrochemical immunosensors and provide a perspective about this research field.
Toxicological effects of short-term resuspension of metal-contaminated freshwater and marine sediments
Authors: Fetters Kyle J. , Costello David M. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Burton G. Allen
Published: August 2015

Sediments in navigation-dominated waterways frequently are contaminated with a variety of particle-associated pollutants and are subject to frequent short-term resuspension events. There is little information documenting whether resuspension of metal-contaminated sediments has adverse ecological effects on resident aquatic organisms. Using a novel laboratory approach, the authors examined the mobilization of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr during resuspension of 1 freshwater and 2 coastal marine sediments and whether resuspension and redeposition resulted in toxicity to model organisms. Sediment flux exposure chambers were used to resuspend metal-contaminated sediments from 1 site in Lake DePue, Illinois (USA), and 2 sites in Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Maine (USA). Short-term (4-h) resuspension of sediment at environmentally relevant suspended particulate matter concentrations (<1 g/L) resulted in metal mobilization to water that was sediment and metal specific. Overall, the net release of metals from suspended particles was limited, likely because of scavenging by organic matter and Fe oxides that formed during sediment interaction with oxic water. Minimal toxicity to organisms (survival of Hyalella azteca and Daphnia magna; survival, growth, and tissue metal concentration of Neanthes arenaceodentata; bioluminescence of Pyrocystis lunula) was observed during 4-h exposure to resuspended sediments and during 4-d to 10-d post-exposure recovery periods in uncontaminated water. Redeposited suspended particles exhibited increased metal bioavailability and toxicity to H. azteca, highlighting the potential for adverse ecological impacts because of changes in metal speciation. It is important to consider interactions between organisms' life histories and sediment disturbance regimes when assessing risks to ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:676–686. © 2015 SETAC
Wall‐based reduced‐order modelling
Authors: Lasagna Davide , Tutty Owen R.
Published: August 2015

In this work, we propose a novel approach to model order reduction for incompressible fluid flows, which focuses on the spatio‐temporal description of the stresses on the surface of a body, that is, of the wall shear stress and of the wall pressure. The spatial representation of these two variables is given by a compact set of ‘wall basis functions’, that is, elementary basis functions defined on the wall. In this paper, these are derived using the well‐known proper orthogonal decomposition to represent optimally the fluctuation energy of the pressure and shear stress. On the other hand, the functional structure of the dynamic model is derived from the first principles using the vorticity form of the Navier–Stokes equations, yielding a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the time‐varying amplitudes of the wall shear stress basis functions. Coefficients of this model are then identified from simulation data. To complete the system, we show that the surface pressure distribution, that is, the time‐varying amplitudes of the wall pressure basis functions, can be derived from a quadratic model of the wall shear stress temporal coefficients, stemming from the Poisson equation for the pressure. This further step is crucial for the correct representation of the aerodynamic forces. As a paradigmatic example, we present our approach for the modelling of the free dynamics of the separated flow around a circular cylinder in the laminar regime, at Re = 200. Further implications and potentialities of the proposed approach are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Two‐Dimensional Network Polymer Containing 18‐ and 26‐Membered Organotin Macrocycles
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Zhang Jianping , Han Yinfeng
Published: August 2015

The reaction of 4‐mercaptophenylacetic acid with dimethyltin dichloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol affords a novel two‐dimensional organotin network structure compound 1, which is an unusual network containing dinuclear 18‐membered and tetranuclear 26‐membered organotin macrocycles. The compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have also characterized the compound by X‐ray crystallography.
Physical activity and liver diseases
Authors: Berzigotti Annalisa , Saran Uttara , Dufour Jean‐François
Published: August 2015

Regular physical activity beneficially impacts the risk of onset and progression of several chronic diseases. However, research regarding the effects of exercising on chronic liver diseases is relatively recent. Most researchers focused on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which increasing clinical and experimental data indicate that skeletal muscle crosstalking to the adipose tissue and the liver regulates intrahepatic fat storage. In this setting, physical activity is considered to be required in combination with calories restriction to allow an effective decrease of intrahepatic lipid component, and despite that evidence is not conclusive, some studies suggest that vigorous activity might be more beneficial than moderate activity to improve NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Evidence regarding the effects of exercise on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma is scarce; some epidemiological studies indicate a lower risk in patients regularly and vigorously exercising. In compensated cirrhosis, exercise acutely increases portal pressure, but in the longer term it has been proved safe and probably beneficial. Decreased aerobic capacity (VO2) correlates with mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, who are almost invariably sarcopenic. In these patients, VO2 is improved by physical activity, which might also reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy through an increase in skeletal muscle mass. In solid organ transplantation recipients, exercise is able to improve lean mass, muscle strength, and, as a consequence, aerobic capacity. Few data exist in liver transplant recipients, in whom exercise should be an object of future studies given its high potential of providing long‐term beneficial effects. Conclusions: Despite that evidence is far from complete, physical activity should be seen as an important part of the management of patients with liver disease in order to improve their clinical outcome. (Hepatology 2016;63:1026–1040)
Retracted: Posttranslational regulation of polycystin‐2 protein expression as a novel mechanism of cholangiocyte reaction and repair from biliary damage
Authors: Spirli Carlo , Villani Ambra , Mariotti Valeria , Fabris Luca , Fiorotto Romina , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: August 2015

Polycystin‐2 (PC2 or TRPPC2), a member of the transient receptor potential channel family, is a nonselective calcium channel. Mutations in PC2 are associated with polycystic liver diseases. PC2‐defective cholangiocytes show increased production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A–dependent activation of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α)–mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and stimulation of cyst growth and progression. Activation of the ERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway in cholangiocytes plays a key role during repair from biliary damage. We hypothesized that PC2 levels are modulated during biliary damage/repair, resulting in activation of the ERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway. PC2 protein expression, but not its gene expression, was significantly reduced in mouse livers with biliary damage (Mdr2–/– knockout, bile duct ligation, 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine treatment). Treatment of cholangiocytes with proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide donors, and endoplasmic reticulum stressors increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, HIF‐1α transcriptional activity, secretion of VEGF, and VEGF receptor type 2 phosphorylation and down‐regulated PC2 protein expression without affecting PC2 gene expression. Expression of homocysteine‐responsive endoplasmic reticulum–resident ubiquitin‐like domain member 1 protein and NEK, ubiquitin‐like proteins that promote proteosomal PC2 degradation, was increased. Pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 restored the expression of PC2 in cells treated with cytokines but not in cells treated with nitric oxide donors or with endoplasmic reticulum stressors. In these conditions, PC2 degradation was instead inhibited by interfering with the autophagy pathway. Treatment of 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine mice and of Mdr2–/– mice with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib restored PC2 expression and significantly reduced the ductular reaction, fibrosis, and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Conclusion: In response to biliary damage, PC2 expression is modulated posttranslationally by the proteasome or the autophagy pathway, and PC2 down‐regulation is associated with activation of ERK1/2 and an increase of HIF‐1α‐mediated VEGF secretion; treatments able to restore PC2 expression and to reduce ductular reaction and fibrosis may represent a new therapeutic approach in biliary diseases.(Hepatology 2015;62:1828–1839)
The efficacy of erythropoietin mouthwash in prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic SCT: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hosseinjani Hesamoddin , Hadjibabaie Molouk , Gholami Kheirollah , Javadi Mohammadreza , Radfar Mania , Jahangard‐Rafsanjani Zahra , Hosseinjani Emadoddin , Shabani Nazanin , Vaezi Mohammad , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir
Published: August 2015

Oral mucositis (OM) as a complication of high‐dose chemotherapy is frequently occurred in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) settings. Erythropoietin (EPO) has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and wound‐healing properties and therefore could have an important role in the prevention of OM. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the EPO mouthwash effect on OM incidence and severity in 80 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin disease (HD) or multiple myeloma, undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients received either EPO mouthwash (50 IU/ml, 15 ml four times a day) (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) from the starting day of high‐dose chemotherapy until day +14 after transplantation or until the day of discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first. OM was evaluated daily for 21 days after transplantation or until resolution of OM according to World Health Organization oral toxicity scale. The incidence of OM (grades 1–4) in the EPO mouthwash group and control group was significantly different (27.5% vs 77.5%, p < 0.001). The mean ± SD of two other parameters of OM including maximum intensity OM score (0.60 ± 1.06 vs 1.67 ± 1.27) and average intensity OM score (0.47 ± 0.80 vs 1.28 ± 0.86) was significantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean ± SD duration of OM was also significantly shorter among the EPO mouthwash recipients (1.92 ± 3.42 days vs 5.42 ± 3.86 days, P < 0.001). Also, the duration of neutropenic fever was significantly shorter in the intervention group (2.12 ± 2.42 days vs 3.95 ± 4.01 days, p = 0.016). It is concluded that EPO mouthwash can reduce the incidence and duration of OM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using concurrent DNA tracer injections to infer glacial flow pathways
Authors: Dahlke Helen E. , Williamson Andrew G. , Georgakakos Christine , Leung Selene , Sharma Asha N. , Lyon Steve W. , Walter M. Todd
Published: August 2015

Catchment hydrology has become replete with flow pathway characterizations obtained via combinations of physical hydrologic measurements (e.g. streamflow hydrographs) and natural tracer signals (e.g. stable water isotopes and geochemistry). In this study, we explored how our understanding of hydrologic flow pathways can be improved and expanded in both space and time by the simultaneous application of engineered synthetic DNA tracers. In this study, we compared the advective–dispersive transport properties and mass recovery rates of two types of synthetic DNA tracers, one consisting of synthetic DNA strands encapsulated into biodegradable microspheres and another consisting of ‘free’ DNA, i.e. not encapsulated. The DNA tracers were also compared with a conservative fluorescent dye. All tracers were injected into a small (3.2‐km2) valley glacier, Storglaciären, in northern Sweden. Seven of the nine DNA tracers showed clear recovery during the sampling period and similar peak arrival times and dispersion coefficients as the conservative fluorescent dye. However, recovered DNA tracer mass ranged only from 1% to 66%, while recovered fluorescent dye mass was 99%. Resulting from the cold and opaque subglacial environment provided by the glacier, mass loss associated with microbial activity and photochemical degradation of the DNA is likely negligible, leaving sorption of DNA tracers onto suspended particles and loss of microtracer particles to sediment storage as probable explanations. Despite the difference in mass recovery, the advection and dispersion information derived from the DNA tracer breakthrough curves provided spatially explicit information that allowed inferring a theoretical model of the flow pathways that water takes through the glacier. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhinovirus wheezing illness in infancy is associated with medically attended third year wheezing in low risk infants: results of a healthy birth cohort study
Authors: de Winter Janneke J. H. , Bont Louis , Wilbrink Berry , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Smit Henriette A. , Houben Michiel L.
Published: August 2015

Rhinoviruses may be pathogens contributing to the development of childhood wheezing. However, their role in low risk infants without an asthmatic predisposition is unknown. Knowing which healthy, low risk children are at increased risk for childhood wheezing after rhinovirus wheezing illness (RV‐WI) in infancy, might help in developing prevention and treatment strategies for childhood wheezing. The aim of this study was to determine the association of medically attended wheezing at the age of three with RV‐WI in the first year of life in low risk children without parental asthma. In a low risk, prospective birth cohort study, we followed 181 healthy born children from birth through the third year of life. We considered children ‘low risk’ if neither parent had a doctor's diagnosis of asthma. We determined infant RV‐WI by parent‐reported wheezing (based on daily logs) and simultaneous molecular rhinovirus detection in the first year of life. Respiratory function and blood eosinophil count were both measured in the first month of life. The primary outcome, third year wheezing, was defined as the use of prescribed inhaled asthma medications together with a doctor's visit for respiratory symptoms in the third year of life. We calculated the association of RV‐WI with medically attended third year wheezing and other known possible risk factors for wheezing at the age of three. Among low risk children, third year wheezing was observed in 7 out of 18 (39%) children with versus 10 out of 163 (6%) children without infant RV‐WI (OR 9.7, 95% CI 3.1–33.5, P < 0.0001). The association between RV‐WI and third year wheezing was unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders such as eosinophilia and atopic eczema. RV‐WI is a robust and independent risk factor for third year wheezing in low risk children without parental asthma. Future research will identify and protect those children at increased risk for RV‐WI.
Phenotypic characterization and prognostic impact of circulating γδ and αβ T‐cells in metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: Wistuba‐Hamprecht Kilian , Di Benedetto Svetlana , Schilling Bastian , Sucker Antje , Schadendorf Dirk , Garbe Claus , Weide Benjamin , Pawelec Graham
Published: August 2015

Human T cells carrying γδ T‐cell receptors (TCRs) represent a minor population relative to those with αβ TCRs. There has been much interest recently in the possibility of using these γδ T‐cells in cancer therapy because they can kill tumor cells in vitro in an MHC‐unrestricted manner, and possess potential regulatory capability and antigen‐presenting capacity. The presence of γδ T‐cells in late‐stage melanoma patients and their relationship with survival has not been extensively explored, although relatively lower percentages of total γδ T‐cells and Vδ2+ cells have been reported. Here, we present a detailed analysis of associations of γδ T‐cell subsets and differentiation stages with survival in Stage IV patients, compared with CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T‐cells. We found an increased Vδ1:Vδ2‐ratio and a decreased CD4:CD8‐ratio in patients compared to healthy controls, on the basis both of relative frequencies and absolute cell counts per μL blood. Nonetheless, Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that a higher than median frequency of Vδ1+ cells was negatively associated with survival, whereas there were no positive or negative associations with frequencies of Vδ2+ cells. Correlations of cell differentiation status with survival revealed a negative association of early‐differentiated Vδ1+ T cells with survival, both on the basis of relative frequencies and absolute counts. There was also a positive correlation between the frequencies of early‐differentiated CD8+ αβ T‐cells and survival. Our findings suggest peripheral blood frequencies of Vδ1+ T‐cells as a potential prognostic marker in melanoma. The mechanisms by which higher abundance of Vδ1+ cells are associated with poorer survival require determination.