bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Ligation of the Lacrimal Excretory Duct in Mouse Induces Lacrimal Gland Inflammation with Proliferative Cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Hirayama Masatoshi , Kawakita Tetsuya , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: August 2017

The lacrimal gland secretes tear fluids to ocular surface, which plays an indispensable role in maintaining the health of the ocular epithelia and protecting the ocular surface from the external environment. The dysfunction of the lacrimal glands causes dry eye disease due to a reduction in tear volume. The dry eye disease is becoming a popular public disease, for the number of patients is increasing, who have subjective symptom and loss of vision, which affect the quality of life. Inflammatory change in the damaged lacrimal gland has been reported; however, a major challenge is to establish a simple animal model to observe the changes. Here, we demonstrated an injury model by ligating the main excretory duct of the lacrimal gland, which is a simple and stable way to clearly understand the mechanism of lacrimal gland inflammation. We observed the process of injury and proliferation of the lacrimal gland and detected a population of lacrimal gland epithelial cells with proliferation potential which were also nestin-positive cells following duct ligation. This study successfully established an injury model to observe the tissue injury process of the lacrimal gland, and this model will be useful for analysis of the inflammation and proliferation mechanism in the future.
The Effect of Seasonal Weather Variation on the Dynamics of the Plague Disease
Authors: Ngeleja Rigobert C. , Luboobi Livingstone S. , Nkansah-Gyekye Yaw
Published: August 2017

Plague is a historic disease which is also known to be the most devastating disease that ever occurred in human history, caused by gram-negative bacteria known as Yersinia pestis. The disease is mostly affected by variations of weather conditions as it disturbs the normal behavior of main plague disease transmission agents, namely, human beings, rodents, fleas, and pathogens, in the environment. This in turn changes the way they interact with each other and ultimately leads to a periodic transmission of plague disease. In this paper, we formulate a periodic epidemic model system by incorporating seasonal transmission rate in order to study the effect of seasonal weather variation on the dynamics of plague disease. We compute the basic reproduction number of a proposed model. We then use numerical simulation to illustrate the effect of different weather dependent parameters on the basic reproduction number. We are able to deduce that infection rate, progression rates from primary forms of plague disease to more severe forms of plague disease, and the infectious flea abundance affect, to a large extent, the number of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague infective agents. We recommend that it is more reasonable to consider these factors that have been shown to have a significant effect on RT for effective control strategies.
A Review of Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium
Authors: Biso Sylvia , Wongrakpanich Supakanya , Agrawal Akanksha , Yadlapati Sujani , Kishlyansky Marina , Figueredo Vincent
Published: August 2017

Neurologic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a phenomenon where neurologic events give rise to cardiac abnormalities. Neurologic events like stroke and seizures cause sympathetic storm and autonomic dysregulation that result in myocardial injury. The clinical presentation can involve troponin elevation, left ventricular dysfunction, and ECG changes. These findings are similar to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome. It is difficult to distinguish NSM from acute coronary syndrome based on clinical presentation alone. Because of this difficulty, a patient with NSM who is at high risk for coronary heart disease may undergo cardiac catheterization to rule out coronary artery disease. The objective of this review of literature is to enhance physician’s awareness of NSM and its features to help tailor management according to the patient’s clinical profile.
Planck-Scale Dual-Curvature Lensing and Spacetime Noncommutativity
Authors: Amelino-Camelia Giovanni , Barcaroli Leonardo , Bianco Stefano , Pensato Laura
Published: August 2017

It was recently realized that Planck-scale momentum-space curvature, which is expected in some approaches to the quantum-gravity problem, can produce dual-curvature lensing, a feature which mainly affects the direction of observation of particles emitted by very distant sources. Several gray areas remain in our understanding of dual-curvature lensing, including the possibility that it might be just a coordinate artifact and the possibility that it might be in some sense a by-product of the better studied dual-curvature redshift. We stress that data reported by the IceCube neutrino telescope should motivate a more vigorous effort of investigation of dual-curvature lensing, and we observe that studies of the recently proposed “ρ-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime” could be valuable from this perspective. Through a dedicated ρ-Minkowski analysis, we show that dual-curvature lensing is not merely a coordinate artifact and that it can be present even in theories without dual-curvature redshift.
Mortality and Cardiovascular Complications in Older Complex Chronic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Clua-Espuny J. L. , González-Henares M. A. , Queralt-Tomas M. L. L. , Campo-Tamayo W. , Muria-Subirats E. , Panisello-Tafalla A. , Lucas-Noll J.
Published: August 2017

Aims/Introduction. Determining the prevalence of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality in older chronic complex patients. Materials and Methods. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study and included a randomized sample of 932 CCP people. We assessed the prevalence of diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria. Data included demographics and functional, comorbidity, cognitive, and social assessment. Results. The prevalence of diabetes was 53% and average age 81.16±8.93 years. There were no significant differences in the survival of CCP patients with or without DM, with or without ischaemic cardiopathy, and with or without peripheral vascular disease. The prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in patients with DM were age ≥ 80 years [HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02–2.13, p  0.038], presence of heart failure [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.38, p  0.001], Charlson score [HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.36, p  0.003], presence of cognitive impairment [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24–2.40, p  0.001], and no treatment with statins [HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08–2.04, p  0.038]. Conclusions. We found high prevalence of DM among CCP patients and the relative importance of traditional risk factors seemed to wane with advancing age. Recommendations may include relaxing treatment goals, providing family/patient education, and enhanced communication strategies.
The Protective Effects of Fasciotomy on Reperfusion Injury of Skeletal Muscle of Rabbits
Authors: Li Rui-Hua , Li Jin , Kan Shi-Lian , Zhang Xi-Nan
Published: August 2017

The authors aim to investigate protective effects of fasciotomy against ischemia reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle in rabbit and to compare the treatment effects of prereperfusion + fasciotomy and fasciotomy + postreperfusion against ischemia reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle. 24 healthy male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, and 4 hours’ ischemia was established in these rabbits through surgery. Six hours’ reperfusion was performed in group A; reperfusion + postfasciotomy was performed in group B; and prefasciotomy + reperfusion was performed in group C. Result showed that prefasciotomy and postfasciotomy could protect skeletal muscle against ischemia reperfusion injury, reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) expression, MPO (myeloperoxidase) expression, and apoptosis of muscle in the reperfused areas, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased Bax expression. The MDA and MPO levels in group B and group C were significantly lower than those in group A, and MDA and MPO levels in group C were significantly lower than those in group B. Prefasciotomy and postfasciotomy could protect against ischemia reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. The protective effects of prefasciotomy against ischemia reperfusion injury are better than postfasciotomy.
On the Solution of the Eigenvalue Assignment Problem for Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Mostafa El-Sayed M. E. , Aboutahoun Abdallah W. , Omar Fatma F. S.
Published: August 2017

The output feedback eigenvalue assignment problem for discrete-time systems is considered. The problem is formulated first as an unconstrained minimization problem, where a three-term nonlinear conjugate gradient method is proposed to find a local solution. In addition, a cut to the objective function is included, yielding an inequality constrained minimization problem, where a logarithmic barrier method is proposed for finding the local solution. The conjugate gradient method is further extended to tackle the eigenvalue assignment problem for the two cases of decentralized control systems and control systems with time delay. The performance of the methods is illustrated through various test examples.
Artificial Cardiac Muscle with or without the Use of Scaffolds
Authors: Li Yifei , Zhang Donghui
Published: August 2017

During the past several decades, major advances and improvements now promote better treatment options for cardiovascular diseases. However, these diseases still remain the single leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of cardiac tissue engineering has provided the opportunity to potentially restore the contractile function and retain the pumping feature of injured hearts. This conception of cardiac tissue engineering can enable researchers to produce autologous and functional biomaterials which represents a promising technique to benefit patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such an approach will ultimately reshape existing heart transplantation protocols. Notable efforts are accelerating the development of cardiac tissue engineering, particularly to create larger tissue with enhanced functionality. Decellularized scaffolds, polymer synthetics fibrous matrix, and natural materials are used to build robust cardiac tissue scaffolds to imitate the morphological and physiological patterns of natural tissue. This ultimately helps cells to implant properly to obtain endogenous biological capacity. However, newer designs such as the hydrogel scaffold-free matrix can increase the applicability of artificial tissue to engineering strategies. In this review, we summarize all the methods to produce artificial cardiac tissue using scaffold and scaffold-free technology, their advantages and disadvantages, and their relevance to clinical practice.
Dynamics of Inflammatory Factors in Aqueous Humor during Ranibizumab or Aflibercept Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Motohashi Ryosuke , Noma Hidetaka , Yasuda Kanako , Kotake Osamu , Goto Hiroshi , Shimura Masahiko
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamic changes of the aqueous humor levels of inflammatory factors between patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI) and aflibercept injection (IAI) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: The study was performed on 30 eyes with AMD that were scheduled to receive 3 doses of IRI (15 eyes) or IAI (15 eyes) at monthly intervals. Aqueous humor samples were collected when injection was done. The concentrations of VEGF, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 were measured in aqueous humor samples from the 30 AMD patients and 10 cataract patients (as controls) by the suspension array method. Results: Aqueous levels of the inflammatory factors (MCP-1, PDGF-AA, IL-6, and IL-8) were significantly correlated with each other. In both the IRI-treated eyes and the IAI-treated eyes, visual acuity and central macular thickness improved significantly, and the aqueous level of VEGF showed a significant decrease. In IAI-treated eyes, the aqueous levels of MCP-1 and PDGF-AA were significantly decreased at 2 months. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the inflammatory factors are involved in the pathogenesis of AMD and also the possibility that the interaction between these inflammatory factors and IRI or IAI is different.
Epulis-Like Presentation of Gingival Renal Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Nifosì Gianfilippo , Bressand Hubert , Nifosì Antonio Fabrizio , Nifosì Lorenzo , Damseaux Pierre
Published: August 2017

Mouth metastatic cancers are very rare and they usually represent the evidence of a widespread disease. Common primary tumors are lung carcinoma in men and breast carcinoma in women, followed by kidney cancer. In the oral soft tissues, the gingiva is the most common site, suggesting a possible role of inflammation in the attraction of circulating tumor cells. Oral metastasis has a serious prognosis. In this work, we describe the case of a 58-year-old man affected by renal cancer, who was brought to our attention for the appearance of a gingival swelling. Initially, the lesion was excised through a provisional clinical diagnosis of epulis. Subsequently, anatomopathological analysis showed a metastasis compatible with clear-cell carcinoma and specifically its renal origin was confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques.
The Successful Treatment of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma with Pembrolizumab: A Case Report
Authors: Matsumoto Yoko , Miura Tamaki , Horiuchi Hajime , Usui Kazuhiro
Published: August 2017

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinomas are rare malignant tumors, and no standard treatments have been established. We herein report the successful treatment of a patient with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with pembrolizumab. A 51-year-old man who was a current smoker presented to our hospital due to dyspnea and hemosputum. Chest X-ray showed right-sided pneumothorax with pleural effusion; chest tube drainage was therefore performed. Computed tomography after chest tube drainage showed a cavitary nodule in the right upper lobe and right hilar and bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Surgery was performed for the diagnosis and treatment. He was eventually diagnosed with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma corresponding to clinical stage IVB (cT2aN2M1c [PLE, ADR, HEP]). The giant cells strongly expressed programmed death ligand-1, and the tumor proportion score was more than 50%. Therefore, pembrolizumab was introduced as the first-line therapy. After 3 cycles of pembrolizumab, his right hilar and bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural dissemination notably decreased. Pembrolizumab might be an effective therapy for pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma.
O patrimônio ambiental urbano e sua relação com os instrumentos urbanísticos de preservação na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Tonasso Mariana Cavalcanti Pessoa
Published: August 2017

O artigo se propõe a discutir se é possível reconhecer as premissas do patrimônio ambiental urbano na sustentação teórica e na aplicação dos instrumentos de preservação inseridos no planejamento urbano paulistano — das Z8-200 às Zepecs. A definição do conceito se baseia principalmente em alguns textos do historiador e professor Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses, importante defensor e fomentador do patrimônio ambiental urbano no Brasil. Para nortear a discussão, foram determinadas três questões principais identificadas na leitura destes textos. São elas: a questão estrutural, que trata da integração entre preservação e planejamento urbano, a questão ambiental, que trata do conceito de ambiência e preservação dos conjuntos urbanos e, por fim, a questão social, que trata do reconhecimento da natureza social do patrimônio e de novos valores.
Arquitetura moderna, fotografia e patrimônio cultural. BOTELHO, Reinaldo (Org.). O visível e o invisível na arquitetura brasileira. São Paulo: DBA, 2017.
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de
Published: August 2017

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IV Seminário Internacional Cultura Material e Patrimônio da Ciência e Tecnologia (IVSPCT)
Authors: Granato Marcus
Published: August 2017

O MAST, por intermédio de seu grupo de pesquisa “Museologia e Preservação de Acervos Culturais”, organizou o quarto seminário para discutir aspectos relacionados ao patrimônio cultural da ciência e tecnologia, tendo como referencial o arcabouço da cultura material. O evento contou com especialistas de várias instituições que se manifestaram sobre temas específicos, através de mesas redondas e conferência, constituindo-se também em espaço para apresentação de trabalhos que foram avaliados e selecionados pelo Comitê Científico do evento.
O reconhecimento de referências culturais no município de Pombal-PB: políticas do campo do patrimônio com ênfase em ações de educação patrimonial
Authors: Silva Suelen De Andrade
Published: August 2017

Localizado no sertão paraibano, o município de Pombal guarda uma rica herança da cultura popular do Estado, a qual chamou e ainda vem chamando a atenção dos mais diversos olhares. A observação da prática social e dos contextos vivenciados durante a Festa do Rosário mostra o quanto as manifestações são representantes da memória e identidade do lugar e significantes para a comunidade. Por isso, é imprescindível fomentar as práticas que prezem pela preservação da cultura local para as gerações futuras. Notamos na fala dos sujeitos, sejam eles parte da comunidade local ou mesmo visitantes, a vontade de que existam medidas para a proteção e preservação da cultura local. Assim, é representado o objeto de minha pesquisa no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, uma análise do processo de patrimonialização das expressões culturais de Pombal, sobretudo, a Festa do Rosário de Pombal. São analisadas, especialmente, iniciativas em educação patrimonial, pensadas como principal ação de um processo de patrimonialização. Assim, este artigo enfatiza o patrimônio cultural como algo que não vale por si mesmo, mas que faz parte de uma dinâmica cultural de atribuição de valores historicamente construídos, em que os sujeitos são os responsáveis pela atribuição desses valores.
BIOÉTICA E VIGILÂNCIA SANITÁRIA
Authors: Garrafa Volnei , Amorim Karla , Garcia Ticiana , Manchola Camilo
Published: August 2017

As práticas regulatórias no campo da vigilância sanitária são indispensáveis. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar, tomando como referência a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, organismo referencial da vigilância sanitária no Brasil, que a bioética oferece aos organismos públicos uma série de ferramentas teóricas do campo da ética aplicada para o bom exercício e controle dessas práticas. Nesse intuito, o trabalho utiliza duas referências da bioética para o desenvolvimento de uma análise comparativa e de apoio às atividades regulatórias no campo da vigilância sanitária: a Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos da Unesco e a teoria da bioética de intervenção. Conclui-se que organismos e técnicos que trabalham com atividades de regulação podem aproveitar, em seu exercício profissional, os princípios e referenciais propostos pela bioética, especialmente aqueles relacionados à Declaração e à teoria de bioética da intervenção, esta última configurada pela observação e utilização dos princípios da prudência, precaução, proteção e prevenção.
ENTRE A FILOSOFIA JURÍDICA E A SAÚDE COLETIVA: O CONCEITO DE DESEMPENHO NO DECRETO N. 7.508/2011 VIS-À-VIS A INTEGRALIDADE DA ASSISTÊNCIA À LUZ DO PÓS-POSITIVISMO
Authors: Carnut Leonardo , Masseran Jorge Alberto Mamede
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a noção de desempenho apresentada pelo Decreto n. 7.508/2011 e suas aproximações com o paradigma gerencialista da administração pública diante da integralidade da assistência. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se o Decreto n. 7.508/2011 como documento normativo para análise crítica e interpretação sob uma óptica pós-positivista, especialmente nos parágrafos relacionados ao desempenho. Após a análise, foi possível elucidar argumentos latentes ao texto de lei que demonstram o caráter gerencialista do desempenho, com diversas repercussões interpretativas para a compreensão sobre o direito ao acesso, especificamente no que tange à integralidade da assistência nos sistemas regionais de saúde. Concluiu-se que o desempenho gerencialista presente no decreto analisado, ao ser interpretado sob a luz do pós-positivismo jurídico, ao invés de fomentar a efetividade do direito à saúde via política pública, proporciona o cerceamento do acesso ao sistema pela prestação direta.
DIREITO À SAÚDE: UMA PROPOSTA DE CONCEITO PARA A OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO DE PESQUISAS QUALITATIVAS
Authors: D'Andrea Gustavo , Rodríguez Anna Maria Meyer Maciel , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Mishima Silvana Martins
Published: August 2017

Desde 1988, o direito à saúde tem sido objeto de estudo de investigações tanto no campo da saúde quanto no do direito, sob distintas perspectivas e abordagens. Este trabalho visa a propor um conceito sobre o tema considerando o prisma histórico e sua evolução conceitual para contribuir com a operacionalização das pesquisas qualitativas. Por meio de consulta à literatura técnica e científica sobre o assunto, a partir de sua regulamentação na Constituição Federal de 1988 até o ano de 2015, utilizou-se o descritor "direito à saúde” e o qualificador "história" para elencar os artigos científicos e identificar as perspectivas estudadas. Da leitura dos artigos selecionados, emergiram quatro grandes aspectos: sociopolítico, legislativo, bioético e de demandas específicas na área da saúde, que nortearam a discussão e elaboração do conceito de direito à saúde. Pode-se dizer que a definição de direito à saúde exige contextualização histórica, cultural, política, econômica e social e depende também de sua organização normativa, de sua natureza (individual e coletiva), da responsabilidade moral e do reconhecimento de sua exigibilidade.
ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE TEM NOVO DIRETOR-GERAL
Authors: Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: August 2017

A eleição foi mais transparente porque o voto foi estendido aos Estados-Membros, e não somente ao Comitê Executivo da OMS. Além disso, foram publicados manifestos e realizados debates, verificando-se o claro emprego de estratégias eleitorais – foi possível acompanhar, por exemplo, o giro dos candidatos em busca dos votos dos Estados-Membros.
OS IMPACTOS DA AÇÃO REGULATÓRIA EM DIFERENTES ÁREAS DA SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Cruz Verônica
Published: August 2017

O campo de atuação da vigilância sanitária é por natureza amplo e difuso, quase sempre reverberando sobre outras áreas haja vista sua função precípua, qual seja: a de proteger a saúde da população. Não obstante, a atuação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) no Brasil, ao transpassar os limites mais óbvios relativos às questões sanitárias, encontra resistências de ordem política, econômica e até mesmo moral na sociedade. Os artigos que se seguem trazem para a seção "Tema em Debate" desta edição exatamente a diversidade de resistências e conflitos, bem como os interesses antagônicos e desvinculados da proteção à saúde que se colocam cotidianamente aos agentes reguladores desse campo de atuação.
Os espaços livres de edificação nas periferias urbanas um diagnóstico preliminar em São Paulo e Salvador
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2017

O artigo trata dos espaços livres de edificação nas periferias urbanas e os mecanismos de apropriação social dos espaços públicos pela população de bairros periféricos em São Paulo e Salvador. Discute também a relação sociedade/espaço baseado na interpretação dos conflitos entre as esferas pública e privada no cotidiano da cidade contemporânea
Os Espaços Livres Residenciais na Cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Pimentel Brutus Abel Fratuci
Published: August 2017

Os espaços livres possuem um aspecto bastante singular com respeito ao paisagismo residencial. Este texto é um estudo das linhas projetuais nas áreas não edificadas e das diversas formas de im plantação da residência paulistana. Sob uma perspectiva histórica procuram os discursar sobre o desenvolvimento projetual que as áreas livres residenciais particulares assumiram neste século
O Processo de desenho urbano em conjuntos habitacionais
Authors: Rigatti Décio
Published: August 2017

Este trabalh o tem por objetivo discutir alguns conceitos básicos relacionados com a análise urbana, como os de espaço urbano, configuração, ordem , estrutura, forma, função, entre outros, que permitem uma avaliação mais rigorosa dos aspectos de desenho urbano em geral e de conjuntos habitacionais em particular, considerado tanto com o produto quanto com o processo. Particularmente no que se refere aos conjuntos habitacionais no Brasil recente, busca-se identificar um referencial para a análise dos fenômenos que resultam nas profundas diferenças morfológicas existentes entre o espaço projetado e o que surge do processo de uso e ocupação desses assentamentos
Devaneio e Crítica Preliminares ao Papel da Fantasia na Paisagem
Authors: Yázigi Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Desde longo tempo, a literatura especializada vem explorando o papel da percepção no entendimento da paisagem, sem contudo situar o peso da fantasia em seu contexto. Ela é aqui entendida como importante ingrediente do psiquismo, nas autorepresentações e nas representações cósmicas. Freqüentemente, fantasia e espetáculo são criticados, mas os autores costumam se esquecer que quando alguem faz uma casa ou jardim , ou quando se é turista, o psiquismo não pode ser separado das condições gerais da vida mental. Nesta ordem de idéias, este ensaio pretende ser uma introdução à relação entre as esferas pública e privada, a fim de subsidiar o planejamento urbano e regional.
Tipologia espacial como uma instância dos layouts urbanos
Authors: Rigatti Décio
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir iayouts urbanos a partir de propriedades locais dos espaços, examinando como estes espaços podem ser descritos enquanto tipos (Hillier, 1997), segundo condições particulares de movimento e controle possíveis, a partir de cada tipo identificado. A importância dessa possibilidade de exame do espaço urbano fica evidenciada pela análise da tipologia espacial proposta para dois conjuntos residenciais de Porto Alegre/RS, de padrão semelhante, mas com propostas de projetos diferenciados. Observa-se, nas transformações implementadas pela população desses conjuntos, que os aspectos de tipologia espacial são genotípicos para os conjuntos estudados e comparecem como aspectos de projeto que sâo cruciais para as possibilidades de uso e ocupação do espaço urbano por parte dos moradores
Produção da paisagem urbana contemporânea brasileira no final do século 20
Authors: Macedo Silvio Soares
Published: August 2017

Este texto objetiva traçar um panorama geral da constituição da paisagem brasileira urbana ao final do século 20. São apontadas as formas de organização da paisagem urbana, que refletem as contradições da sociedade neste período, dando-se ênfase a questões como privacidade, segregação e aumento da demanda por espaços livres. A última parte é dedicada a uma avaliação dos rebatimentos dessas demandas e da liberdade cultural vigente sobre os novos projetos paisagísticos
Paisagem e percepção da paisagem: estudos de caso na Austria e no Brasil
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2017

No presente artigo são apresentadas diversas formas de abordagem do tema “percepção”, resultado das pesquisas desenvolvidas no Instituto de Planejamento Paisagístico da Universidade de Agronomia de Viena e que resultaram na tese de doutorado O conceito de parque e a percepção humana do ambiente urbano. O ponto principal desta discussão é como o planejador paisagístico - com os meios de que dispõe - pode superar a falta de comunicação existente entre planejadores e cidadãos comuns. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de simulação ambiental que podem ajudar o planejador paisagístico na busca de uma nova “linguagem estética” Tais modelos são um meio para um melhor entendimento dos valores e atitudes dos usuários de áreas verdes no contexto urbano e podem gerar uma linguagem comum, de conciliação de interesses. Assim, diferenças e preconceitos poderiam ser superados num amplo processo de troca de informação e discussão, base para um planejamento mais humano e voltado para os interesses da população
Apropriação do espaço urbano pela criança: a importância do jogo lúdico
Authors: Serpa Ancelo
Published: August 2017

Para desenvolver-se e descobrir o mundo brincando, a criança precisa de um meio ambiente social aberto a novas experiências e ao mesmo tempo propício ao jogo lúdico. A situação real da criança no meio ambiente urbano se caracteriza, no entanto, pela carência crônica de espaços livres. Para entendermelhorasegregaçãoespacial doatode brincar foram entrevistadas 37 crianças com idades entre 7 e 9 anos no bairro de Itaquera, na zona leste de São Paulo. As crianças desenharam como e onde bri ncam mais no bai rro. Foram realizadas também entrevistas estruturadas com os pais e mães de algumas crianças que se prontificaram a participar da pesquisa. Os espaços mencionados pelas crianças foram fotografados e comparados com os espaços desenhados. Para análise dos desenhos utilizou-se as categorias descritas por Jean Piaget para a classificação dos jogos e sua evolução. O jogo lúdico parece obedecer ao desenvolvimento gradual proposto por Piaget, mas a segregação espacial do ato de brincar pode ocasionar uma certa renitência do símbolo deformante, que já deveria estar totalmente superado nesta fase do desenvolvimento da criança
Nova York: uma experiência de desenho dos espaços livres urbanos
Authors: Calender Fany
Published: August 2017

O presente texto procura discutir conceitos e questões relativas ao espaço livre urbano, tendo como premissa observações de viagem recente à cidade de Nova York, onde se destaca a integração entre a intenção e a ação efetiva sobre estes espaços, em contraponto ao atual estágio da abordagem deste tema entre nós. A preocupação com o bem-estar do usuário que percorre a cidade, vi venci ando os espaços de uso coletivo em seus momentos de descanso e lazer, somada a uma política pública de incentivos, promoveu diferenciadas soluções espaciais, espalhadas por toda a região de Manhattan, culminando em um desenho da paisagem que expressa a evolução qualitativa do tratamento do espaço livre
Breve histórico sobre a arte de calcetaria em Portugal e no Brasil: o caso do mosaico português
Authors: Yazigi Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Este é um resumo da pavimentação urbana, especialmente, do chamado mosaico português. O mosaico tradicional tem origem no mundo oriental. Enquanto este é rico em detalhes, o português transforma o detalhe em motivo principal. Nascido em Portugal no século 19, o mosaico português foi exportado ao Brasil no começo do século 20, quando muitos de seus artistas foram às colônias e ex-colônias. Por este tempo, artista e executor eram a mesma pessoa, isto é, um trabalhador humilde sem reconhecimento social. Mas desde Burle Marx e seus riscos nas calçadas de Copacabana, na avenida beira-mar dos anos 60, a tendência é o arquiteto assumir este papel. Atualmente o mosaico português é comumente usado nas calçadas, mas via de regra no mau sentido. Ele pode contribuir tanto à poluição visual (cada um faz o que quiser) como para resgatar a unidade dos quarteirões (quando o mosaico português é concebido num tratamento único)
Loss-of-Function
KCNE2
Variants
Authors: Roberts Jason D. , Krahn Andrew D. , Ackerman Michael J. , Rohatgi Ram K. , Moss Arthur J. , Nazer Babak , Tadros Rafik , Gerull Brenda , Sanatani Shubhayan , Wijeyeratne Yanushi D. , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Muir Alison R. , Pang Benjamin , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Talajic Mario , Rivard Lena , Tester David J. , Liu Taylor , Whitman Isaac R. , Wojciak Julianne , Conacher Susan , Gula Lorne J. , Leong-Sit Peter , Manlucu Jaimie , Green Martin S. , Hamilton Robert , Healey Jeff S. , Lopes Coeli M. , Behr Elijah R. , Wilde Arthur A. , Gollob Michael H. , Scheinman Melvin M.
Published: August 2017

Background—

Insight into type 6 long-QT syndrome (LQT6), stemming from mutations in the
KCNE2
-encoded voltage-gated channel β-subunit, is limited. We sought to further characterize its clinical phenotype.

Methods and Results—

Individuals with reported pathogenic
KCNE2
mutations identified during arrhythmia evaluation were collected from inherited arrhythmia clinics and the Rochester long-QT syndrome (LQTS) registry. Previously reported LQT6 cases were identified through a search of the MEDLINE database. Clinical features were assessed, while reported
KCNE2
mutations were evaluated for genotype–phenotype segregation and classified according to the contemporary American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Twenty-seven probands possessed reported pathogenic
KCNE2
mutations, while a MEDLINE search identified 17 additional LQT6 cases providing clinical and genetic data. Sixteen probands had normal resting QTc values and only developed QT prolongation and malignant arrhythmias after exposure to QT-prolonging stressors, 10 had other LQTS pathogenic mutations, and 10 did not have an LQTS phenotype. Although the remaining 8 subjects had an LQTS phenotype, evidence suggested that the
KCNE2
variant was not the underlying culprit. The collective frequency of
KCNE2
variants implicated in LQT6 in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database was 1.4%, in comparison with a 0.0005% estimated clinical prevalence for LQT6.

Conclusions—

On the basis of clinical phenotype, the high allelic frequencies of LQT6 mutations in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, and absence of previous documentation of genotype–phenotype segregation, our findings suggest that many
KCNE2
variants, and perhaps all, have been erroneously designated as LQTS-causative mutations. Instead,
KCNE2
variants may confer proarrhythmic susceptibility when provoked by additional environmental/acquired or genetic factors, or both.
Fifteen Genetic Loci Associated With the Electrocardiographic P Wave
Authors: Christophersen Ingrid E. , Magnani Jared W. , Yin Xiaoyan , Barnard John , Weng Lu-Chen , Arking Dan E. , Niemeijer Maartje N. , Lubitz Steven A. , Avery Christy L. , Duan Qing , Felix Stephan B. , Bis Joshua C. , Kerr Kathleen F. , Isaacs Aaron , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Müller Christian , North Kari E. , Reiner Alex P. , Tinker Lesley F. , Kors Jan A. , Teumer Alexander , Petersmann Astrid , Sinner Moritz F. , Buzkova Petra , Smith Jonathan D. , Van Wagoner David R. , Völker Uwe , Waldenberger Melanie , Peters Annette , Meitinger Thomas , Limacher Marian C. , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Psaty Bruce M. , Hofman Albert , Uitterlinden Andre , Krijthe Bouwe P. , Zhang Zhu-Ming , Schnabel Renate B. , Kääb Stefan , van Duijn Cornelia , Rotter Jerome I. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Dörr Marcus , Li Yun , Chung Mina K. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alonso Alvaro , Whitsel Eric A. , Stricker Bruno H. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Heckbert Susan R. , Ellinor Patrick T.
Published: August 2017

Background—

The P wave on an ECG is a measure of atrial electric function, and its characteristics may serve as predictors for atrial arrhythmias. Increased mean P-wave duration and P-wave terminal force traditionally have been used as markers for left atrial enlargement, and both have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Here, we explore the genetic basis of P-wave morphology through meta-analysis of genome-wide association study results for P-wave duration and P-wave terminal force from 12 cohort studies.

Methods and Results—

We included 44 456 individuals, of which 6778 (16%) were of African ancestry. Genotyping, imputation, and genome-wide association study were performed at each study site. Summary-level results were meta-analyzed centrally using inverse-variance weighting. In meta-analyses of P-wave duration, we identified 6 significant (
P
<5×10
−
8
) novel loci and replicated a prior association with S
CN10A.
We identified 3 loci at
SCN5A
,
TBX5
, and
CAV1/CAV2
that were jointly associated with the PR interval, PR segment, and P-wave duration. We identified 6 novel loci in meta-analysis of P-wave terminal force. Four of the identified genetic loci were significantly associated with gene expression in 329 left atrial samples. Finally, we observed that some of the loci associated with the P wave were linked to overall atrial conduction, whereas others identified distinct phases of atrial conduction.

Conclusions—

We have identified 6 novel genetic loci associated with P-wave duration and 6 novel loci associated with P-wave terminal force. Future studies of these loci may aid in identifying new targets for drugs that may modify atrial conduction or treat atrial arrhythmias.
Dynamical networks: Finding, measuring, and tracking neural population activity using network science
Authors: Humphries Mark D.
Published: August 2017

Systems neuroscience is in a headlong rush to record from as many neurons at the same time as possible. As the brain computes and codes using neuron populations, it is hoped these data will uncover the fundamentals of neural computation. But with hundreds, thousands, or more simultaneously recorded neurons come the inescapable problems of visualizing, describing, and quantifying their interactions. Here I argue that network science provides a set of scalable, analytical tools that already solve these problems. By treating neurons as nodes and their interactions as links, a single network can visualize and describe an arbitrarily large recording. I show that with this description we can quantify the effects of manipulating a neural circuit, track changes in population dynamics over time, and quantitatively define theoretical concepts of neural populations such as cell assemblies. Using network science as a core part of analyzing population recordings will thus provide both qualitative and quantitative advances to our understanding of neural computation.
To Fight, or Not to Fight: Piotr Skarga, the Catholic Ideal of Christian Soldier, and the Reformation of Polish Nobility (around 1600)
Authors: Tricoire Damien
Published: August 2017

Piotr Skarga was the leading Jesuit in Poland–Lithuania around 1600. In 1606, he published a catechism for soldiers: Żołnierskie nabożeństwo (The soldier’s piety), a book which is commonly said to have been inspired by a catechism by another Jesuit, Antonio Possevino’s Il soldato christiano (1569). The aim of this article is to compare the two books and to address the following questions: to what extent and in what way was Possevino’s view of soldiers adaptable to Polish-Lithuanian realities? Can we identify a common discourse on soldiers and war in both texts, although they were not written at the same time nor in the same cultural and social context? Or did the strategy of accommodation lead to major differences between the texts, making it difficult to speak of a common Jesuit view on soldiers and war?
Italian Jesuits and the Great War: Chaplains and Priest-Soldiers of the Province of Rome
Authors: Paiano Maria
Published: August 2017

This essay traces the history of the assistance afforded to soldiers by Italian military chaplains during First World War. It focuses on the Catholics’ commitment to permeating the army, with the foundation of clubs and the printing of texts containing instructions and prayers for the spiritual training of enlisted men. These books show a more patriotic inspiration than their predecessors, because for the Roman Church conquering the army meant conquering the Italian unitary state. In particular, the article reconstructs the role of the Jesuit Carlo Massaruti, the author of a book for soldiers and promoter of an association for recruits before the war. The chaplains and priest-soldiers mobilized, however, were many and various. Their experience is highlighted in L’Eco dei nostri militari, a bulletin founded by the Roman province of the Society, which published the correspondence between the priests on the front and their provincial superiors. These letters furnish a vivid fresco of the work done by the Jesuits alongside the soldiers.
Annual Runoff is Highly Linked to Precipitation Extremes in Karst Catchments of Southwest China
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Xu Xianli , Xu Chaohao , Liu Meixian , Wang Kelin , Yu Bofu
Published: August 2017

Karst landforms cover 7%–12% of the Earth’s continental area and provide water resources for 25% of the global population. Climate, particularly frequent climate extremes, may greatly affect the annual runoff, especially in climate-sensitive regions such as a karst area of southwest China. Knowledge of the linkage between climate and runoff is urgently needed for smart water resources management. This study therefore selected five catchments that have different carbonized rock coverage (from 11% to 64%) to detect the dominant climatic variables driving changes in annual runoff for the period of 1957–2011 in southwest China. Because climatic variables are highly codependent, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to elucidate the linkages between runoff and 17 climatic variables. Results indicated that the dominant climatic factors driving annual runoff are annual total precipitation, rainy days, heavy precipitation amount, heavy precipitation days, rainstorm amount, and rainstorm days. These six factors are generally used to represent extreme climatic events, and hence it may demonstrate that annual runoff is highly linked to precipitation extremes in this region. The PLSR approach presented in this study is beneficial and novel, as it enables the elimination of codependency among the variables and facilitates a more unbiased view of the contribution of the changes in climatic variables to the changes in runoff. As a practical and simple tool, the PLSR approach is thus recommended for application to a variety of other catchments.
Evaluation of Cloud Microphysical Schemes for a Warm Frontal Snowband during the GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx)
Authors: Naeger Aaron R. , Colle Brian A. , Molthan Andrew
Published: August 2017

Detailed observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) of an intense warm frontal band on 18 February 2012 were used to evaluate several bulk microphysical parameterizations within the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) Model. These included the Predicted Particle Properties (P3), Morrison (MORR), Stony Brook University (SBU), and Goddard four-class ice (4ICE) microphysics schemes. All schemes were able to predict the snowband, but the simulated intensities varied because of various assumptions in these schemes. The saturation adjustment scheme within MORR promoted excessive amounts of cloud water evaporational cooling in the warm sector, which contributed to a decrease in midlevel instability approaching the frontal band and thus a weaker band. In contrast, the explicit calculation of cloud water condensation/evaporation in the P3 scheme produced limited amounts of evaporational cooling, which allowed for greater midlevel instability to support band development. The P3 and SBU schemes produced moderate rime/graupel mass within the band that was confirmed by observations, while the MORR and 4ICE schemes drastically underpredicted the graupel mass. The high-density, fast-falling rimed particles in P3 underwent weak sublimation and melting, which helped promote a stronger horizontal temperature gradient and greater low-level instability along the frontal band compared to the other schemes. Overall, the schemes that use specified thresholds for converting between the predefined ice-phase categories of cloud ice, snow, and graupel had the most unrepresentative hydrometeor types. These results highlight the advantage of predicting ice particle properties and explicitly calculating cloud water condensation/evaporation in the P3 scheme.
Opinions of Geography and Social Sciences Student-Teachers on the Concepts of Urbanization and Urbanizing
Authors: Aladağ Caner
Published: August 2017

Objective of the study is to determine the opinions of university students on urbanization and urbanizing (urbanizing can also be defined as “becoming urbanized,” “urban culture,” or “urban adaptation” and will be used with these meanings throughout the study) and their misconceptions on this subject. Data of the research were obtained from the free word association test applied to 74 fourth- and fifth-grade students from the geography teaching department who took the course of urban geography and 67 students from the social sciences teaching department who took the four lessons in which the subjects of urbanization and urbanizing were told by the researcher. Data obtained from the study were classified and categorized according to their semantic relationships by researcher. When categories examined, it is seen that students cannot distinguish the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing thoroughly and they include almost the same statements. This result shows that there are a lot of misconceptions. Although some student-teachers took the course of urban geography and others were presented about the subject briefly, it is difficult to capture a conceptual integrity in perception. Students mostly confuse the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing. In fact they are not even at the cognitive level needed for distinguishing the concepts of urban, urbanize and urbanization. Statements that they wrote about the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing resemble and these statements define the urban more.
An interview with Olive Senior
Authors: Westall Claire
Published: August 2017

Olive Senior has become a significant literary voice within Caribbean literature and the Caribbean diaspora, often providing light, sharp, subtle, and emotionally laden stories and poems of childhood and belonging. As she describes here, her work remains “embedded” in Jamaica, including its soundscape and its ecology, and stretches across fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and children’s literature. For decades she has enjoyed a growing international audience, and her work is taught in schools in the Caribbean as part of an evolving literary curriculum. Senior’s short stories, the primary focus of this discussion, are especially well known for their enchanting, vibrant, and insightful children and child narrators — a trait that situates Senior’s work in relation to other famed Caribbean authors (Sam Selvon, Michael Anthony, Jamaica Kincaid, Merle Collins, and many more). In this interview, explorations of some of her young female voices are set within Denise DeCairns Narain’s sense of Senior’s “oral poetics”, and are also explored in relation to issues of wealth, privilege, and emotional sincerity. Senior’s work — fictional and non-fictional — is also heavily invested in ideas of land, labour, and migrancy, and so her recent and striking short story “Coal”, from her latest collection The Pain Tree (2015), is considered alongside her enormously impressive historical study of the role of West Indian migrant labourers in the building of the Panama Canal, entitled Dying to Better Themselves (2014).