bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENDETEKSI LOGAM BERAT PADA MAKANAN BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Rahman Aditiya , Ikhsan Akhmad Fauzi , Wiharso Tri Arif
Published: April 2024

Di Indonesia, produksi, impor, dan distribusi pangan harus mematuhi standar ketat yang mencakup kriteria keamanan, kualitas, dan gizi pangan. Peraturan ini mencakup penetapan ambang batas maksimum pencemaran logam berat., perusahaan makanan besar biasanya menggunakan sistem pendeteksian logam yang baik. Sebaliknya, industri makanan skala kecil dan menengah cenderung menghindari penggunaan sistem deteksi logam canggih karena biayanya yang besar. Tujuan penelitian ini agar terciptanya alat deteksi logam pada makanan yang dapat deterapkan oleh industri menengah kebawah. Pada alat ini menggunaan metode sistem koil seimbang. Bukaan tempat produk bergerak dikelilingi oleh tiga kumparan. Pada inti deteksi terdapat kumparan pemancar yang memancarkan sinyal yang menghasilkan medan elektromagnetik,.sehingga koil antar sisi penerima dapat menerima sinyal elektromagnetik yang dapat berubah ketika adanya gangguan logam yang melewatiya,  gangguan tersebut dapat diketahui dengan megukur tegangan keluaran pada pemerima sehingga metode ini cocok untuk peterapkan pada deteksi logam makanan. Logam yang sangat kecil merupakan tantangan bagi sensor untuk dibuat dengan sensitifitas yang sangat tinggi , sehingga keberadaan logam didalam makanan dapat dideteksi dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil dari pengujian alat ini logam berjenis besi (Fe), Alumunium (Al), Timbal (Pb), dan Stainless (Ss) dengan ukuran masing-masing 0,1 gr, 0,2 gr, 0,3 gr, 0,4 gr, dan 0,5 gr dapat dideteksi dengan pembacaan beda  tegangan pada millvolt. Sistem komunikasi antara sistem pedeteksi dan penyortir bekerja sangat baik sesuai dengan cara kerja alat.
Estrategias para el turismo comunitario
Authors: Rivera Amador Alexia Guadalupe , Cruz Chávez Plácido Roberto , Campillo López Ofelia Alejandra , Cuevas Romero Job Isaac , Torres García Alberto Francisco , Cruz Chávez Gustavo Rodolfo , Villegas Espinoza Jorge Arnoldo , Coronado García Manuel Arturo , Mayoral García Manuel Benjamín , Oropeza Cortés María Guadalupe , Aguirre Osuna Lizzeth , Lacruhy Enríquez Claudia Carolina , García de la Puente José Emer , Ojeda Ruiz de la Peña Miguel Ángel , Ibáñez Pérez Reyna María , Santoyo Ledesma Diana Surirela , Sánchez Brito Ismael , Lauterio Martínez Claudia Lorena , Tejeda Martín Manuel Alejandro , Franco Barraza Fernando , Becerra Bizarrón Manuel Ernesto , Orozco Rocha Karina , Orozco Plascencia José Manuel , Gaytán Gómez Oriana Zaret , Verduzco López Fabiola , Juárez Mancilla Judith , Picasso Salazar Emmanuel , Monroy Ceseña Mauro Alejandro , Ruiz Ceseña Francisco Isaías
Published: April 2024

La obra "Estrategias para el turismo comunitario" reúne en 10 capítulos el trabajo intelectual de alumnos de posgrado y profesores-investigadores, donde analizan la complejidad de la actividad turística en el sur de la península, así como modelos de negocios que benefician a las comunidades de la sociedad sudcaliforniana. El equipo multidisciplinario de profesores-investigadores adscritos al Departamento Académico de Economía de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS), coordinado por la Dra. Judith Juárez Mancilla, el Dr. Plácido Roberto Cruz Chávez, el Dr. Gustavo Rodolfo Cruz Chávez y el Dr. Alberto Francisco Torres García, ofrece un trabajo académico riguroso y sistemático que merece la atención y el escrutinio de lectores que estén interesados en el crecimiento y prosperidad de la región.
Perception of Stakeholders regarding the Role of Sports in the Development of Social Training of Adults
Authors: Roman Sohail , Saba Mehreen , Khan Muhammad Imran , Ali Imdad
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the views of stakeholders, including parents, teachers, and students, regarding the role of sports in the social training and development of adults at Sarhad University in Peshawar District. A total of 429 questionnaires were distributed, and all were returned and included in the analysis. Random sampling was used to select teachers and students, while parents were selected through a convenient sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the community members have a significant understanding of the role of sports in the social training of adults. The majority of the participants believe that participation in sports develops a sense of cooperation, social consciousness, understanding of others' feelings, and respect for others' rights. These qualities are essential for good citizenship and equity development. The study recommends that policies be redesigned to eliminate all forms of financial exploitation in sports by defining the parameters for private sector participation. Furthermore, the community members' positive views regarding sports' role in social training suggest the need for more sports activities in society. The study provides valuable insights into the views of stakeholders regarding the importance of sports in the social training and development of adults. The findings can guide policymakers in developing effective policies and programs to promote sports participation and its positive impact on society.
Academic Stress of College Students and Sports Participation: Mediating Role of Social Intelligence
Authors: Hussain Sabir , Ullah Naseem , Khan Shoaib Nawaz
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress, sports participation, and social intelligence among college students in the Multan Division of Pakistan. A stratified random sampling strategy was employed to select a sample of 663 participants from the Government Degree Colleges. Standardized tools, including the Student's Academic Stress Inventory and Social Intelligence Questionnaire, were used to assess academic stress and social intelligence. Participants self-reported their previous youth sports participation. A cross-sectional survey approach was used to collect quantitative data. The results indicated that college students reported high levels of academic stress. College athletes reported significant social intelligence competency, and there was a significant positive relationship between academic stress and the social intelligence competency of college students. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between sports participation and social intelligence, suggesting that participation in sports has paramount significance in the development of social intelligence competency among its participants. Social intelligence was found to significantly mediate the relationship between academic stress and sports participation of college students. Furthermore, the data revealed that male athletes reported higher stress levels on various dimensions of academic stress, highlighting the need for counseling centers to provide extra attention and care to athletes and promote mental health awareness. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between academic stress, sports participation, and social intelligence among college students, shedding light on the mediating role of social intelligence in mitigating academic stress and improving mental health outcomes. The findings have important implications for educational institutions and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of promoting sports participation and social intelligence development to support students' overall well-being.
Understanding Stress and Coping Strategies among Students of Government Colleges of Bhakkar District
Authors: Bibi Saima , Bibi Iffat , Mahreen Sadia
Published: April 2024

The present study was conducted to evaluate the stress levels in the lives of college students and their coping styles regarding their stress management. Furthermore, the study examined the gender differences in perspective of stress and coping styles among college students of the Bhakkar District. A sample of n=760 based on the ratio of each college was selected and participated in the study. However, after eliminating invalid and spoilt questionnaires, the researchers entrained 670 questionnaires for analysis. The results of the t-test indicated that the mean score of student athletes and non-athletic students pertaining to stress is not statistically different (p=.21 > .05). In contrast, the analyzed data indicated that the female college students reported higher levels of stress than male college students (p=.003< 0.05). That the college students' athletes reported more overall positive coping strategies than their non-athlete counterparts (P=.002 < .05). The analyzed data have shown that non-athletes reported using emotional and social support for stress management more often than their counterparts' athletes (.004 & .003 < .05). Statistical inferences have shown that females reported using three strategies as positive coping styles for stress, like instrumental social support, emotional support, and religious coping. The male section of the population has reported using it more often than females. The study results have shown a negative relationship between levels of stress and coping mechanisms of perceived stress among students ((P > .135). The study's findings will help contribute to the existing body of literature on stress and coping styles among college students in general, particularly from the perspective of their gender differences.
EFFECT OF SPEED, AGILITY, AND QUICKNESS (SAQ) TRAINING ON SPEED OF PAKISTANI KABADDI PLAYERS
Authors: Aslam Farrukh , Hassan Uzma , Roman Sohail
Published: April 2024

SAQ training is an effective training program for improving the physical aspects of kabaddi players. This research aims to investigate the effect of SAQ training on the speed and weight of Pakistani kabaddi players.” This study highlights the effects/ impact of 12 weeks of SAQ training on physical abilities like speed and weight among the male elite kabaddi players. Experimental research methods were used. The data was collected using experimental pre/post-intervention for 12 weeks. Twenty-20 male Kabaddi players from Punjab Kabaddi Association Pakistan were selected for the study with an age range from 22 to 27 years. The selected participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (control group & experimental group) of 10 participants from each group. Group I underwent SAQ training/experimental, and Group II acted as a control group without any training program. The 20m dash test was used to measure the speed of the participant. The results show significant improvements in agility values pre and post-intervention in the experimental group, the pre-speed value was (M 3.431 =, SD = .188353) to post-speed (M = 2.868, SD = .123720; t (10) = 8.802, p =.000 < significant level = 0.05) and weight of the EG group (M = 77.800, SD = 7.612855) to post-weight (M = 73.200, SD = 6.338594; t (10) = 8.493, p =.000 < significant level = 0.05). The overall results show significant improvement in speed and weight. Based on the results, there is a significant effect of 12 weeks of SAQ training on the speed and weight of Pakistani kabaddi players. Moreover, the SAQ training program has an effective and positive impact on developing the speed, agility, and quickness skill performance of male kabaddi players. It is recommended that the Pakistan Kabaddi Association provide maximum chances to the kabaddi players and apply the SAQ training program regularly to improve the selected parameters like speed and weight.
INFLUENCE OF RESEARCH ATTITUDE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL APPROACH
Authors: Khan Muhammad Iftikhar , Bibi Sehrish , Khan Kifayat
Published: April 2024

The existing study aimed to scrutinize the impact of research attitudes on students' academic achievement. The researcher delineated measures of the research attitude and academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research, the relationship between research attitude and academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research, and analyzed the effects of research attitude upon academic achievement of health and physical education students enrolled in research. The study focused on the population of both private and public sector universities in KP, Pakistan. The sample comprised male and female students in the field of physical education who were actively involved in research activities. Data collection utilized an adapted version of the Attitude towards Research (ATR) instrument. A cross-sectional approach was employed for data gathering, and the researcher applied inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings revealed a negative correlation between research attitudes and academic achievement. Moreover, the study uncovered adverse effects of research attitudes on the academic success of health and physical education students enrolled in research programs.
EFFECT OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON STATIC BALANCE IN BASEBALL ATHLETES
Authors: Malik Sumbal , Ishaak Syed Muhammad , Ali Arshad
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength on the static balance of Pakistani baseball athletes. This study shows how elite Pakistani baseball players' static balance may improve following a 12-week strength training pre/post-intervention. The participants were separated into two groups of ten: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed 12 weeks of strength training, whereas the control group received no treatment. The Romberg test was used to measure the participants' static balance in four different positions: standing on both feet with eyes open, standing on both feet with eyes closed, standing on the dominant leg with eyes closed, and standing on the nondominant leg with eyes closed. The experimental group's static balance improved significantly following the 12-week strength training intervention. The study's findings demonstrated that 12 weeks of strength training significantly improved Pakistani baseball players' static balance. Furthermore, the strength training program had a substantial and good impact on the static balance of Pakistani baseball players. It is suggested that the Pakistan Baseball Federation implement strength training and focus on improving static balance in order to improve various aspects of Pakistani baseball players' performance.
Bagaimana Pencapaian Kinerja Keuangan dengan Menggunakan Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Environmental Performance
Authors: Nurfitriana Annisa , Pratiwi Melinda
Published: April 2024

Badan Usaha Milik Negara adalah bagian dari jenis badan usaha yang mendukung perekonomian masyarakat. Keberadaan perusahan yang mengabaikan prosedur pembangunan seperti AMDAL sangat menggaggu kehidupan masyarakat bahkan lingkungan. Apalagi perusahaannya adalah perusahaan yang termasuk ke dalam Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang mana sumber pendanaannya sebagian besar dari masyaraakat. Maka, BUMN harus memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka suatu perusahaan diharapakan dapat memberikan peran yang lebih maksimal dalam menjalankan program lingkungan hidupnya. Semakin banyak bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan terhadap lingkungannya seperti program CSR dan Environmental Performance, maka semakin pula baik citra Perusahaan. Populasi penelitian dari penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan BUMN sebanyak 20 perusahaan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengujian data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji asumsi klasik terlebih dahulu . Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan, environmental performance berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Sedangkan secara simultan CSR dan environmental performance berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF A TEACHING INTERNSHIP IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING SKILLS
Authors: Tussupbekova Madina , Mukhtarkhanova Ainagul , Godfrey Lee Anne , Duvanaeva Karachach
Published: April 2024

This study is based on theoretical and practical aspects of an abroad internship and presents a qualitative (to observe scholars’ views on different university activities; informally interview scholars; open-ended questions about scholars’ adjustment experiences and social support from the host university) investigation. This study aims to explore the problems and challenges of an internship abroad and identify opportunities for learning at a host university. This investigation considers interpersonal challenges as academic issues (learning the university style, requirements, schedule, and structure); language (communication with native speakers in different social places and academic communities); and culture (living style, housing, expenses). This paper examines the experience of 11 scholars from different universities in Kazakhstan. The research was conducted through an online survey instrument Google Forms because it is commonly used in academic research in all Kazakhstan universities. There are 20 closed-ended questions with “yes”, “no' ' or other short reply to responses about their experiences during the internship.
Au(Cu, Ag) КАТУУ ЭРИТМЕСИНИН НАНОБӨЛҮКЧӨЛӨРҮНҮН БИОЛОГИЯЛЫК АКТИВДҮҮЛҮГҮ
Authors: Молдалиев Жоомарт , Адамбаева Жыпаргүл
Published: April 2024

Au, Cu куймасын  менен металлдык Ag менен бирге суу жана  спирттик чөйрөдө  электрдик учкундуу дисперстөө учурунда Au(CuAg) курамындагы катуу эритменин жогорку дисперстүү бөлүкчөлөрү пайда болоору рентген фазалык анализ методу менен аныктал. Au-Cu-Ag системасынын катуу эритмесинин жогорку дисперстүү бөлүкчөлөрүнүн биологиялык активдүүлүгүн изилдөө өзгөчө кызыгууну туудурат, анткени системанын металл компоненттеринин нанодисперстүү бөлүкчөлөрү жогорку биологиялык активдүүлүккө ээ. Ошондуктан, буудайдын өнүп чыгышына жана өсүшүнө Au-Cu-Ag системасынын электр учкундук дисперстөө продуктуларынын таасири изилденди. Буудайдын өнүшүнө жана өсүшүнө Au-Cu-Ag системасынын бөлүкчөлөрүнүн концентрациясы таасир этээри аныкталды. Концентрациясы 0,01 мг/л болгон Au-Cu-Ag системасынын продуктуларынын эритмелерине чыланган буудайдын үрөнүнүн өнүүсү  1 мг/л концентрациядагы эритмелерде чыланган буудайдын үрөндөрүнүн өнүп чыгуусуна салыштырмалуу 3-5% жогору. Бул законченемдүүлүк буудайдын өсүшүндө да байкалат. Концентрациясы 0,01 мг/л болгон  эритмелерде чыланган буудайдын максималдуу бийиктиги 15 суткадан кийин 10-11 см, ал эми сууда чыланган буудайдын тиешелүү бийиктиги 5-6 см түзөт.
PRACTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPERATIVE METHODS OF TREATMENT OF RENNET DISLOCATION
Authors: Nikolaeva Oksana , Artyomova Valeria
Published: April 2024

Increased milk potential of animals often leads to disturbance of substance metabolism and appearance of various diseases. Displacement of rennet causes serious economic damage to livestock farms, including reduction of milk productivity, culling, attrition of sick animals, organization of preventive measures and treatment costs. Moreover, after treatment it is impossible to exclude completely the recurrence of this pathology, in some animals we can diagnose the displacement of the abomasum again. In this regard, the aim of our research was to study the comparative effectiveness of operative methods of treatment of rennet displacement. Two groups of 10 cows each with rennet displacement of different age were formed for the research. As a result of the conducted researches, we found out that application of the method of operative suturing of the rennet to the abdominal wall, in the area of the right hungry fossa, is the most effective and reduces the time of recovery of milk productivity in the cow, as well as minimizes the appearance of recurrences of the disease. Treatment efficiency was 80% in the 1st experimental group and 100% in the 2nd experimental group. Recovery in the 1st experimental group came on average on 12,2±1,4 days, in the 2nd experimental group on average on 10,3±1,2 days. The economic efficiency of using the puncture method of treatment, taking into account postoperative therapy amounted to 49,1 rubles, and the economic efficiency of using the surgical method of treatment by suturing the rennet through the right gluteal fossa, taking into account postoperative therapy amounted to 49,3 rubles.
Innovation Performance Fosters Strategy Development: Evidenced in the Case of New Product Development and Big Data Capability
Authors: Lin Canchu , Kunnathur Anand , Forrest Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

Research has consistently sought empirical evidence showing the benefits of developing big data related dynamic capabilities as a way to strategize big data operations, but done little exploration of what contributes to the development of such capabilities. To fill this gap, this study proposes that firm innovation performance measured in new product development drives the development of big data strategy reified in big data capability. It then draws on multiple theoretical traditions to build a research model that conceptualizes new product development as a key motivator behind firms’ development of big data capability and two supply chain capabilities as its enhancement. Survey data was collected and analyzed to test the hypotheses that constitute the research model. The paper concludes with a discussion of contributions to theory and research as well as practical implications of the findings.
Economic Growth, Globalization, and Governance as Determinants of Environmental Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Didia Dal , Yuan Jing , Didia Lydia
Published: April 2024

Even though Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing unsustainable environmental degradation just like the rest of the world, most environmental health studies have focused mainly on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and other emerging markets. Unimpeded environmental degradation portends many environmental problems with enormous economic and social costs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of socio-economic, global, and governance factors on environmental sustainability in SSA. Understanding the interaction of these factors will be of immense assistance to policymakers and other officials charged with mitigating environmental degradation in SSA. Utilizing data from 42 countries in SSA covering 1970 - 2018, our empirical estimations using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique revealed that the primary determinant of environmental performance in SSA is the level of economic activities. The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between economic activities (GDP) and environmental performance. This result does not support the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in SSA. Surprisingly, the level of public debt had a statistically significant positive impact on environmental performance. The governance variables signifying the impact of government showed mixed results as political stability, control of corruption, and regulatory quality were not statistically significant, whereas the rule of law, government effectiveness, and institutional strength showed a statistically significant positive impact on environmental performance. Trade openness and population density did not have any statistically significant impact on environmental performance. Mitigating environmental degradation in SSA requires policies that promote income growth and debt forgiveness.
MATLAB Simulation of PID Control Algorithm
Authors: Ye Likai
Published: April 2024

PID control is actually three kinds of feedback control: proportional control, integral control and differential control collectively. According to the control object and application conditions, the partial combination of these three kinds of control can be used, namely P control, PI control, PD control or the combination of the three, namely PID control in the real sense. We can call them generally PID control laws. The controller that adopts this control law is called PID controller. Parameter setting of PID controller is the core content of control system design. Parameter setting refers to the process of determining the scale coefficient, integral time and differential time of PID controller according to the characteristics of the controlled process, so as to improve the dynamic and static characteristics of the system and obtain better control effect. In the industrial application, because the control by computer is a kind of sampling control, it can only calculate the control quantity according to the deviation value of sampling time. Therefore, in the computer control system, the discretization process must be carried out first, and the differential equation of continuous system must be replaced by the difference equation of digital form.
Research on the Relationship Between Digital Transformation and Urban and Rural industrial Integration and Development
Authors: Qu Na , You Xiaoliang
Published: April 2024

This study explores the relationship between digital transformation and the integrated development of urban and rural industries. In the context of economic and social development in the 21st century, the integration of urban and rural development has become an important part of the national strategy, aiming to break the urban-rural dual structure and achieve common prosperity through institutional innovation and technology application. The study found that digital transformation introduces advanced information technology, changes the traditional production management mode, improves efficiency and efficiency, and provides new impetus for the integration of urban and rural industries. This paper analyzes the role mechanism, actual effect, and challenges of digital transformation in urban and rural integration, and predicts the future development trend. The policy proposal emphasizes the deep integration of technology and traditional industries, promoting the development of digital industries, and the two-way flow of urban and rural factors. The forecast shows that the proportion of the primary industry will decline, the innovation capacity of the secondary industry will be enhanced, and the tertiary industry will become the dominant economy. Digital transformation will play a key role in urban-rural integration, promoting the optimization of industrial structure and urban-rural integration.
UN AN DE LA DECLANȘAREA RĂZBOIULUI DE AGRESIUNE AL RUSIEI ÎMPOTRIVA UCRAINEI: ANALIZĂ MULTIDIMENSIONALĂ
Authors: PETRESCU Dan˗Lucian , SARCINSCHI Alexandra , BOGZEANU Cristina , BĂHNĂREANU Cristian , ZODIAN Mihai , LICĂ Daniela
Published: April 2024

•Intervenție militară • Criză umanitară • Răspuns al NATO și UE • Implicații economice • Diplomație, risc și coerciție nucleară • Propagandă și dezinformare
IMPLEMENTAREA UNEI DOCTRINE A SPRIJINULUI PRIN FOC DE NIVEL ÎNTRUNIT – CERINȚĂ A OPERAȚIEI ÎNTRUNITE
Authors: MIREA Adrian , STANCIU Cristian-Octavian
Published: April 2024

Implementing a Joint Fire Support Doctrine – Requirement for the Joint OperationAbstract: In this paper we wanted to highlight the importance of developing and implementing in the Romanian Army a jointfire support doctrine that will serve as foundation for common and coherent understanding of specific concepts and terminology forfire support in every branch of the armed forces. The unitary approach and understanding of these concepts constitute a fundamentalneed to provide timely, integrated and synchronized fire support in a joint operation.Although, at Land Forces level, “F.T.-6 – Fire support manual for group force operations” was developed in 2018, and comprisesfire support fundamentals, this manual cannot be sufficient and, in our opinion, a dedicated norm that implements fire support specificprinciples, tactics, techniques and procedures at every armed force branch is required, for responsible personnel with fire support andalso with joint targeting, no matter what force structures are generated for the joint operation. In order to achieve this requirement,we believe it is necessary to develop a dedicated doctrine at the highest national military authority regarding joint fire support, inorder to implement fire support fundamentals in every army branch of the Romanian Army – aspects that currently exist in the landforces manual, as every army branch can contribute with force structures or specialized elements to providing fire support in a jointoperation.
Antimicrobial lock solutions for implantable central venous devices: stability of vancomycin solutions
Authors: Gómez Díaz Ángela , Gil Alegre María Esther
Published: April 2024

Subcutaneous reservoirs are a type of central venous catheter. When using central venous catheters, healthcare workers need to avoid two major risks: clot formation and bacterial infections. To prevent and avoid catheter contamination in both hospitalized patients and outpatients, several strategies have been carried out, such as the so-called ” antibiotic-based catheter lock solution”. Therefore, it has been suggested to implement the use of solutions with antimicrobial agents, to which anticoagulant and/or antibiofilm substances are often added.
However, the stability of such solutions needs to be tested by techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in addition to antimicrobial efficacy testing, in order to establish patient safety.
In consequence, this literature review aims to include the most clinically representative research towards these aspects, to demonstrate the behaviour of antibiotic-based catheter lock solutions under different conditions of storage and use. In particular, this review focuses on solutions containing vancomycin.
According to the studies consulted, vancomycin solutions with sodium citrate (chelating agent) present the best stability characteristics in terms of physicochemical properties and efficacy..

Keywords: Vancomycin; heparin; sodium citrate; stability; subcutaneous implantable central venous device
Antibiotic resistant bacteria in mineral medicinal waters “Santagua Chachimbiro”, Ecuador
Authors: Andueza Félix , Araque Judith , González Marco , Viteri Francisco , Villacís Luis , Chávez Andrea , Guerrón Ramiro , Guillén Morella , González-Romero Ana , Medina Gerardo , Álviarez Evelin
Published: April 2024

Bacterial biodiversity in mineral medicinal waters and the antibiotic resistance profiles, is a developing topic in Ecuador. The objective of the work was to know the bacterial microbiota and its resistance profiles to antibiotics of the mineral medicinal waters of the Santagua Chachimbiro spa, located in the Province of Imbabura-Ecuador. 16 water samples were collected. The isolation of the bacterial species was carried out by the membrane filtration technique, using different types of culture media. The identification was carried out according to the schemes proposed by MacFaddin (2003), complemented with the tests of the Microgen galleries. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the Kirby and Bauer (1966) plate diffusion method. 85 strains were isolate of which 61% were Gram negative and 39% Gram positive. The main species identified were Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas eucrenophila, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas media, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas schubertii, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus spp, Burkholderia cepacia, Citrobacter freundii, Comamonas spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescenscens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia pickettii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdenensis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus spp, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus xylosus. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, most of the Gram negative strains were resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins. Gram positive to oxacillin and penicillin 66,67% were multiresistant to more than three antibiotics. The “Termas de Santagua de Chachimbiro” spa presents a diversity of bacterial species and the presence of environmental resistomes.

Keywords: mineral medicinal waters; bacterial biodiversity; resistance to antibiotics; Santagua Chachimbiro Spa
Drugs: brief history and evolution the global market
Authors: Vázquez Fleytas Blas
Published: April 2024

The main protagonist of Pharmacy is Medicine; Without it, there would be no such thing, and its companion, medicine, would be in a very bad light, for it would have lost its main purpose.”
The History of Medicines has its origins in primitive life and civilizations until the present fantastic today in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, in the scenario of vaccines against Covid-19 that have saved millions of lives. Medicinal plants are still in common use today in most Latin American countries.
“The Pharmacopoeias are a set of standards on active ingredients, ancillary pharmaceutical products, medicinal or finished products, and recommended methods in order to verify whether they comply with them and that have been published and recognized by the competent health authority.” These rules govern the circuit of me- dicines in the various countries.
Access to medicines is an essential factor for the proper use of medicines. According to the World Health Orga- nization, one third of the world’s population does not have access to essential health medicines (more than 2.5 billion human beings).
Pharmaceutical research companies dedicated a total of USD 198,000 million in R+D in 2020 (the last year with official data).
This means a much higher investment than other high-tech sectors. This is 8.1 times higher than that dedicated to the Aerospace and Defense Industry, 7.2 times higher than the Chemical Industry and 1.2 times that of Soft- ware and Computer Services companies.
By 2026, it is estimated that it will reach an amount of USD 254 billion.
The European Federation of the Pharmaceutical Industry (EFPIA) estimates the number of medicines in clinical trials at 8,000 (10% for rare diseases).
Keywords: Drugs; Medicinal Plants Access; Research & Development Global Market
Special feeding for infants and young children
Authors: Permanyer Fàbregas Joan
Published: April 2024

A review of the special feeding of infants and young children using formulas has been carried out. Breast milk is always the nutritional reference, the gold standard, for infant feeding, but sometimes formula feeding is necessary. Thus, there are routine formulas intended for healthy infants or those with minor digestive disorders such as regurgitation, colic or constipation, and formulas for special medical uses, designed for premature or low weight infants or to use with infants who have adverse reactions to food, as lactose intolerance, or allergies as the cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) or who suffer from severe pathologies such as chronic kidney failure or metabolic deficiencies.
Keywords: infant formulas; minor digestive disorders; special medical uses; hydrolized formulas; CMPA; cow’s milk protein allergy
Novel Drugs Recently Authorized by EMA and FDA (Q4, 2023)
Authors: Cuéllar Rodríguez Santiago
Published: April 2024

(A) TRACTO ALIMENTARIO Y METABOLISMO: Colitis ulcerosa: Etrasimod (Velsipity®; EMA/FDA). Hiperoxaluria primaria: Nedosiran (Rivfloza®; FDA). Deficiencia de arginasa-1: Pegzilarginasa (Loargys®; EMA). Polineuropatía de la amiloidosis hereditaria mediada por transtiretina: Eplontersen (Wainua®; FDA). (B) SANGRE Y SISTEMA HEMATOPOYÉTICO: Anemia de células falciformes (drepanocítica) y beta talasemia: Exagamglogene Autotemcel (Casgevy®; EMA/FDA). Anemia de células falciformes (drepanocítica): Lovotibeglogene Autotemcel (Lyfgenia®; FDA). Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica: ADAMTS13 (Adzynma®; FDA). Profilaxis antiinfecciosa en cateterismo venoso: Taurolidina/Heparina (Defencath®; FDA). (D) DERMATOLOGÍA: Dermatitis atópica: Lebrikizumab (Ebglyss®; EMA). (H) PREPARACIONES HORMONALES SISTÉMICAS: Hipoparatiroidismo: Palopegteriparatida (Yorvipath®; EMA). (J) ANTIINFECCIOSOS SISTÉMICOS: Gripe A : Vacuna gripe A zoonótica (H5N1) (Zoonotic Influenza Vaccine Seqirus®; EMA). Virus Chikungunya: Vacuna Virus Chikungunya viva (Ixchiq®; FDA). (L) AGENTES ANTINEOPLÁSICOS E INMUNOMODULADORES: Leucemia mieloide aguda: Decitabina/Cedazuridina (Inaqovi®; EMA). Carcinoma nasofaríngeo: Toripalimab (Loqtorzi®; FDA). Cáncer colorrectal: Fruquintinib (Fruzaqla®; FDA). Cáncer de mama: Capivasertib (Truqap®; FDA). Cáncer de pulmón: Repotrectinib (Augtyro®; FDA). Tumores desmoides:
Nirogacestat (Ogsiveo®; FDA). Miastenia grave: Zilucoplan (Zilbrysq®; EMA/FDA). Neutropenia: Efbemelanograstim (Ryzneuta®; FDA). Hemoglobinuria nocturna paroxística: Iptacopan (Fabhalta®; FDA).(M) SISTEMA MÚSCULO-ESQUELÉTICO: Distrofia muscular de Duchenne: Vamorolona (Agamre®; EMA/FDA). (N) SISTEMA NERVIOSO: Depresión: Gepirona (Exxua®; FDA). (V) VARIOS: Hiperfosfatemia en insuficiencia renal: Tenapanor (Xphozah®; FDA).
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Anak Melalui Metode Bercerita di Yayasan Pendidikan Al-Fazwa Islamic School
Authors: Hanum Latifah
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of the storytelling method, its success, and obstacles in instilling religious education in preschool-aged children at the Al-Fazwa Islamic School Education Foundation, Sidodadi Village. This research uses the classroom action research method which consists of two cycles. The results showed that the achievement of children's moral development and religious values ​​in the pre-cycle there were 6 children (40%) in the category of undeveloped abilities, and 3 children (20%) in the category of ability to begin to develop, and 6 children (40%) in the category of ability. develop as expected. In the first cycle, there were 3 (20%) in the category of undeveloped ability, 3 children (20%), in the category of ability to begin to develop, and 9 children (60%) in the category of ability to develop as expected. In cycle II, there were 3 children (20%) in the category of ability to begin to develop and 12 children (18%) in the category of developing as expected. The obstacles faced are the lack of teaching aid facilities, the low ability of teachers, the difficulty of packaging abstract material into concrete, and the lack of parental support.
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Multikultural pada Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Siregar Hamna Sari
Published: April 2024

Islamic religious education teachers have an obligation to understand and understand multicultural education learning. This is due to the plurality of the Indonesian nation which has strong potential with this diversity, and also has the potential to be weak with this diversity. Of course a strong desire with diversity is a non-negotiable choice. Without mastering multicultural education it seems difficult to manage this diversity into an advantage. On that basis, this study aims to analyze the learning of multicultural education in Islamic religious education study programs, which focus on 3 things namely curriculum, learning strategies and learning evaluation. This research was conducted at STIT Gunung Tua Padang Lawas Utara. This study uses a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological study approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the multicultural education curriculum contains tolerance, ethnoculture and culture, the dangers of anxiety, conflict resolution, democracy, plurality. The learning strategies are problem solving, cognitive moral development and role playing. Evaluation of multicultural learning uses fortopolio, behavioral observation, and attitude analysis.
Trend Media Sosial dalam Pendidikan Islam; Analisis tentang Model Pemanfaatannya
Authors: Salsabila Unik Hanifah , Sari Dwi Nur Indah , Sabilla Rahma , Nurjanah Aswin , Rasyid Anggi Pratiwi
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze trends in the use of social media in Islamic education with a focus on three things: the types, benefits and models of using social media in Islamic religious education lessons. This research was conducted at Ibtidaiyah Madrasa Muhammadiyah Kenteng, which uses social media to support its daily learning. The two focus studies above were examined using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The research informants consisted of teachers as primary informants and school principals, parents and students as secondary informants. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation studies. The study results revealed that the types of social media users were Facebook, whats app, Instagram, and youtube. Facebook functions for friendship networks, then the whats app for group communication, then Instagram for sharing information, and YouTube for sharing learning videos. The benefit is as a medium to disseminate Islamic studies to students. The usage model is sharing information, assignments, references, and networking.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Perempuan dalam Meningkatkan Kerjasama Guru: Analisis Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional
Authors: Nasikhah Khafidhotun , Maunah Binti , Patoni Achmad
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the leadership of female school principals to improve teacher cooperation. The focus of the study on the application of the transformational leadership style in terms of its implementation phase. This research was conducted at Al-Huda Islamic Elementary School, for two reasons, namely the principal of the school is a woman and the image of the school is popular and very popular with the community. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data is then analyzed with cycles of data collection, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of transformational leadership in Al-Huda Islamic Elementary School went through two phases namely, first the leader was able to carry himself and fully understand being a personal leader which was implemented through: leader awareness and understanding the epistemology of leadership. Both leaders are able to influence and form cooperation with followers which is implemented through: providing work motivation, effective communication, being able to set an example, stimulate, and establish friendships.
Modernisasi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Non Formal: Studi Fenomenologi pada Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah
Authors: Ardat Ardat , Haidir Haidir , YM Khairuddin
Published: April 2024

Madrasah diniyah takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) is often considered a non-formal Islamic educational institution that still maintains the classical system. However, changing times seem to be inevitable and must be accepted by MDTA. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the modernization of education carried out by madrasah diniyah takmiliyah. This research is devoted to MDTA Pendidikan Agama Islam Medan, on the grounds that the madrasa has modernized. The research method used is qualitative based on phenomenological studies. Research informants consisted of madrasa heads and teachers. The results of the study explain that teachers' perceptions of the modernization of madrasah diniyah takmiliyah education should be carried out while respecting traditional and religious values. The aim is to produce graduates who have a balance between religious knowledge, skills, and an understanding of the modern world. Some aspects that are being modernized are a balanced curriculum, teaching methods that are more interactive and inclusive, teacher development, the use of educational technology in learning, evaluation of current learning, collaboration with educational institutions, character education, openness and inclusiveness.
Menyingkap Isyarat Profil Pancasila dalam Al-Qur’an dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa
Authors: Utomo Edi , Rizal Suaib , Risnawati Risnawati , Rizqa Miftahir
Published: April 2024

The threat of national disintegration is one of the factors in the need for a Pancasila student profile. This profile has been regulated in the Minister of Education and Culture regulation no. 22 of 2020 include: 1) having faith, piety and noble morals, 2) accepting diversity, 3) being able to work together or mutual cooperation, 4) being able to think critically, 5) being independent, and 6) having creativity. It turns out that the Al-Qur’an hints at this profile, so this study aims to analyze the profile of Pancasila students in the perspective of the Al-Qur’an and its implications for the formation of student character. The method applied in this study is a literature review and interpretation approach. Literature review is used to analyze the Pancasila profile as stated in government regulations. The interpretation approach is used to analyze the Qur'anic signs about the profile of Pancasila. The results of the study explain that the Pancasila profile cues are contained in surah Ali Imran verse 102, al-Qolan verse 4, Ali Imran 190-191, al-Maidah verse 2, al-Hujurat verse 13, ar-Ra'd verse 11. These Pancasila profile signals have implications for strengthening character, especially for Islamic educational institutions.
Kontribusi Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Aceh dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Dayah Salafiyah Terpadu
Authors: Azhari Muhammad , Jailani Jailani
Published: April 2024

Dayah education is a local wisdom that is owned by the people of Aceh, but in its current development it needs attention from the government. So in this regard this study aims to analyze the contribution of the Dayah Education Office in improving the quality of the Dayah Salafiyah in Aceh Province, one of which is carried out through the development of the dayah curriculum and through improving the quality of the dayah teaching staff so that they have competence in carrying out the dayah curriculum properly in accordance with the standards set by the Aceh Dayak Office. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive study approach. The subjects in this study consisted of the Aceh Dayah Education Office, dayah leaders, teaching staff and Dayah administrators. Based on the findings from the field, the implementation of the dayah curriculum has not been maximized, and there are even some dayah who have not yet implemented the curriculum developed by the Aceh Dayah education office. The obstacles to the Dayah Education Office in developing the dayah curriculum in Aceh Province come from internal sources in the form of a lack of funding and the level of human resources of employees, some of whom are still relatively minimal. Meanwhile, external constraints were the lack of participation of the dayah in participating in various socialization activities held by the Dayah Education Office.
Optimalisasi Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Marpaung Syafri Fadillah , Miranda Nisa , Syaroh Mai , Fatimah Tri
Published: April 2024

Improving the quality of Islamic religious education is a must, one of which is by optimizing teacher performance. Each educational institution has a different way. For this reason, this study aims to analyze efforts to optimize the performance of Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving the quality of educators at Budi Agung Medan Private High School. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive study approach. Research informants of Islamic religious education teachers and school principals. Collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis uses cycles of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity guarantee techniques use triangulation and member crosscheck. The results showed that optimization was carried out by assigning teachers according to areas of expertise, creating working groups, supervising teachers in administration and training for improvement, giving teacher achievement rewards, building family ties at school. The problems in optimization are the lack of institutional cooperation with partners, the lack of additional training or education, there is a wrong mindset about the limitations of teacher tasks.