bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the machining characteristics of Al6082 Hybrid metal matrix composites milled under cryogenic cooling conditions
Authors: Sivalingam Vinothkumar , Zhou Qian , Manickajothi Ganesh , Ross Nimel Sworna , Sun Jie , Gupta Munish Kumar , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Nagamalai Thangapandian
Published: July 2023

Cutting fluid used in machining is under investigation nowadays to check the achievement of sustainability and the cleaner process by the machining process. Many attempts were made to find new cooling strategies as an alternative to the existing cooling methods. Cryogenic cooling was found to be an efficient cooling method to move towards sustainability for machining any kind of materials and to ensure green machining. Machining of Al6082 HMMC has been carried out under distinct cutting environments. The fallout of these cutting environments was studied based on the parameters like surface roughness, cutting temperature, chip morphology, and tool wear. The application of Cryogenic co2 substantially reduced the tool wear by 37% & 48% when compared to MQL and wet conditions. The sem image of the worn tool disclosed that the adoption of the cryogenic cooling technique lead to less crater wear and also prevented the peeling of the tool layer to some extent. The impressive cooling effect of cryogenic cooling also produced a good surface finish on the machined surface in comparison to the other cooling environments. Thus cryogenic cooling proved to be trustworthy in all the output parameters.
Investigation of the effect of anticoagulants on platelet recovery, enrichment factor, PDGF, TGF-β1 and optimal dose in the preparation of platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Chen Chao , Lei Jun , Yi Xinming , Hua ye , Yang Jun
Published: July 2023

Objective
To explore the effect of anticoagulant on platelet recovery and enrichment coefficient of platelet-rich plasma and the optimal dose.
Methods
Nine New Zealand rabbits were divided into 9 groups with 1 rabbit in each group. Platelet recovery rate, enrichment coefficient, platelet-derived factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) contents were observed.
Results
The enrichment coefficient and platelet recovery of conventional blood + 120% sodium citrate group were the highest, the high dose blood + 120% sodium citrate group was the lowest, the conventional blood + 120% sodium citrate group was the lowest, and the low dose blood + 80% sodium citrate group was the most. Before plasma activation, the expressions of PDGF and TGF-β1 were significantly increased in the other groups compared with the control group, and were higher in the high-concentration blood group. Compared with before activation, TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in the low concentration blood group after activation; TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in the high concentration blood + 80% sodium citrate group; PDGF showed a downward trend in the high concentration blood group; the expression of PDGF was significantly decreased in each group after activation; TGF-β1 was significantly increased in the conventional blood + 120% sodium citrate group. TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in patients treated with low concentration of 80%, 100%, 120% sodium citrate and high concentration of blood + 80% sodium citrate.
Conclusion
Anticoagulant 120% sodium citrate in conventional blood could separate more platelets, and the enrichment coefficient and platelet recovery rate were the highest, and the biological function was good.
Comparative Analysis and Predictability of Symmetric Division Degree Index on PCB Congeners
Authors: Rajpoot Abhay , Selvaganesh Lavanya
Published: July 2023

Vukičević and Gašperov, in 2010, introduced a potentially useful topological index known as the Symmetric division deg (SDD) index. They showed that it best correlates when predicting the total surface area of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB). In this article, we analyze the relationship between the SDD index with other physico-chemical properties of PCBs, such as log water solubility, octanol-water partition ratio, with the aid of computers.
We also compare it with other well-known vertex degree-based (VDB) indices. We show that the SDD-index has a better correlation ability with a value of 0.9749 for log-water solubility and 0.9475 for octanol-water partition coefficient. We also identify the expected values for these two properties of PCBs whose experimental values are not available.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 92E10 · 05C12 · 05C05
Does Vaginal Cleansing with Iodine Decreases Infection Rate in Office Hysteroscopy?
Authors: Cohen Nadav , Kedem Hagit Itzhak , Abu-Foul Luna , Paz Moran , Kaufman Yuval , Lavie Ofer , Zilberlicht Ariel
Published: July 2023

Purpose: To determine whether preoperative vaginal cleansing with iodine-based solution prior to hysteroscopy, reduces postoperative infection rate compared to no vaginal cleansing.
Methods: A retrospective study at a single tertiary, university affiliated hospital of all individuals who have had an office hysteroscopy. Study group consisted of patients who have had preoperative vaginal cleansing with iodine-based solution and were compared to those who have not. Any procedural related complaints at the 30 days following the hysteroscopy were recorded.
Results: A total of 505 were available for analysis, 183 in the study group and 322 in the control group. The most common indications for operation were infertility evaluation (33.9% vs. 28.6%) and retained products of conception (33.3% vs. 29.2%), and most common procedures were diagnostic only (49.7% vs. 42.5%) followed by adhesiolysis (12% vs. 14.3%)
No statistical differences were noted with regards to postoperative infections, as only one case of pelvic inflammatory disease was noted, in the iodine cleansing group (0.19% for postoperative infection).
Conclusion: Our comparative study may suggest that the use of preoperative iodine solution prior to office hysteroscopy does not decrease the postoperative infection rate up to 30 days, thus can be avoided.
Intraventricular central neurocytoma molecularly defined as extraventricular neurocytoma: A case representing the discrepancy between clinicopathological and molecular classifications.
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Takami Hirokazu , Takayanagi Shunsaku , Ikemura Masako , Matsuura Reiko , Tanaka Shota , Saito Nobuhito
Published: July 2023

Central neurocytoma (CN) is classically defined by its intraventricular location, neuronal/neurocytic differentiation, and histological resemblance to oligodendroglioma. Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) shares similar histological features with CN, while it distributes any site without contact with the ventricular system. CN and EVN have distinct methylation landscapes, and EVN has a signature fusion gene, FGFR1-TACC1. These characteristics distinguish between CN and EVN.
A 30-year-old female underwent craniotomy and resection of a left intraventricular tumor at our institution. The histopathology demonstrated the classical findings of CN. Adjuvant irradiation with 60Gy followed. No recurrence has been recorded for 25 years postoperatively. RNA sequencing revealed FGFR1-TACC1 fusion and methylation profile was discrepant with CN but compatible with EVN.
We experienced a case of anatomically and histologically proven CN in the lateral ventricle. However, the FGFR1-TACC1 fusion gene and methylation profiling suggested the molecular diagnosis of EVN. The representative case was an “intraventricular” neurocytoma displaying molecular features of an “extraventricular” neurocytoma. Clinicopathological and molecular definitions have collided in our case and raised questions about the current definition of CN and EVN.
Microbial fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide synergistically improves growth performance and immune parameters of Xuefeng black-bone chicken
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Huan , Luo Junyi , Chen Ting , Xi Qianyun , Sun Jiajie , Wei Limin , Zhang Yongliang
Published: July 2023

Oral supplementation of Gps dosages (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) eliminated weight loss in chickens following vaccination (H5N1). Microbial fermented feed (MF) is considered as a valuable strategy to bring advantages to livestock and is widely practiced. This study investigated the effects of Gps, MF, and combined use of Gps and MF on growth performance and immune indices in Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 400 Xuefeng black-bone chickens at the age of 1 day were randomly as-signed to four groups, each group contained 5 pens per treatment and 20 animals per pen. Compared with the control group, the body weight and average daily gain in the Gps group, MF group, and MF+Gps group increased significantly, while the feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.01). It is noteworthy that the combined use of MF and Gps showed a synergistic effect. Moreover, the diarrhea rate of the Gps group and the MF+Gps group was lower than that of the Con group, while that of the MF+Gps group decreased the mortality rate (P < 0.05). In this work, we also focused on the effects of MF, Gps and MF+Gps on immune function. Compared with the Con group, the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the MF group, Gps group and MF+Gps group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), the serum IgG levels increased significantly (P < 0.01), while the combination of MF and Gps had a synergistic effect. In summary, Gps or MF can promote growth performance and immune indexes, and the combined use of Gps and MF not only further improved growth performance and immune parameters, but also reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality. Therefore, our research developed a new type of compound feed that could well improve the growth performance and immune parameters of chickens.
Identification of antifungal compound isolated from Cercospora sp. ME202 and evaluation of the inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare
Authors: Ino Masatoshi , Kihara Junichi , Ishihara Atsushi , Seki Kota , Tanaka Tomoya , Yoshikiyo Keisuke , Ueno Makoto
Published: July 2023

Cucumber anthracnose, an important disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, is controlled using fungicides. However, this can lead to the development of fungicide resistance. We have previously shown that an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate of Cercospora sp. ME202 (ME202-ECF) exhibits fungicidal activity and inhibits the formation of anthracnose lesions caused by C. orbiculare. However, studies on the control of plant diseases using the antimicrobial compounds produced by Cercospora have not been conducted. Here, we aimed to isolate and identify antifungal compounds produced by Cercospora sp. ME202 and evaluate their antifungal activity against C. orbiculare. We identified traversianal, a tricyclic diterpenoid aldehyde with a molecular weight of 316.4 from ME202-ECF. The traversianal structure was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after purification by column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The inhibitory activity of isolated traversianal was detected as a mycelial growth inhibition zone at Rf 0.92 by thin layer chromatography bio-assay. Traversianal also inhibited the conidial germination of C. orbiculare at 2–10 ppm and exhibited fungicidal activity at 5–10 ppm. Furthermore, pretreatment of cucumber leaves with 10, 20, and 30 ppm traversianal significantly suppressed lesion formation in C. orbiculare without phytotoxicity. These results indicate that the traversianal produced from Cercospora sp. ME202 is a potential candidate as a new fungicide against C. orbiculare.
Bony Bankart lesions are common. A study of 790 cases from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Gordins Vladislavs , Sansone Mikael , Thorolfsson Baldur , Möller Michael , Carling Malin , Olsson Nicklas
Published: July 2023

Background: A bony Bankart lesion is a common type of fracture associated with anterior shoulder dislocation. This type of fracture does directly affect the stability of the shoulder by reducing the glenoid joint-contact area.
The aim of this study was to report on the epidemiological data relating to bony Bankart lesions in Sweden using the Swedish Fracture Register. The purpose is to evaluate age and sex distribution in the population with bony Bankart lesions, its impact on treatment strategy and further to analyse patient-reported outcomes.
Methods: An epidemiological descriptive study. The inclusion criteria were all patients with a unilateral bony Bankart lesion registered between April 2012 and April 2019. The patients’ specific data (age, sex, type and time of injury, treatment option and patient-reported outcomes) were extracted from the Swedish Fracture Register database.
Results: A total of 790 unilateral bony Bankart fractures were identified. The majority of the patients were male (58.7%). The mean age ± SD for all patients at the time of injury was 56.3 ± 16.1 years. Females had a higher mean age, 64.3 ± 12.8, compared with males, 50.7 ± 15.7.
Most of the bony Bankart lesions, 662 (91.8%), were registered as a low-energy trauma. More than two-thirds of all treatment registered cases, 509/734 patients (69.3%), were treated non-surgically, 225 (30.7%) were treated surgically, while, in 17 patients (7.5% of all surgically treated patients), the treatment was changed from non-surgical to surgical due to recurrent instability. Surgical treatment was chosen for 149 (35%) of the males and for 76 (25%) of the females. Patient quality of life decreased slightly in both surgically and non-surgically treated groups one year after bony Bankart injury.
Conclusion: This national register-based study provides detailed information on the epidemiology, choice of treatment and patient-reported outcomes in a large cohort of bony Bankart lesions. Most bony Bankart lesions affected males between 40 and 75 years after low-energy falls and non-surgical treatment dominated.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors VPA and WT161 ameliorate the pathological features and cognitive impairments of the Alzheimer's disease mouse model by regulating the expression of App secretases
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Wanyao , Ye Qun , Fu Yun , Li Xuemin , Yang Ke , Gao Fan , Zhou An , Wei Yonghui , Li Shen , Wei Fengjiang , Shi Wentao , Li Wei-Dong
Published: July 2023

Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder. Recent studies have indicated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are among the most prominent epigenetic therapy targets and that HDAC inhibitors have therapeutic effects on AD. Here, we identified sodium valproate (VPA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, and WT161, a novel HDAC6 selective inhibitor, as potential therapeutic agents for AD. Underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated.
Methods
A cellular model, N2a-APPswe, was established via lentiviral infection, and the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mouse model was employed in the study. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, thioflavin-S staining, and ELISA were applied to detect protein expression in cells, tissues, or serum. RNA interference was utilized to knockdown the expression of specific genes in cells. The cognitive function of mice was assessed via the nest-building test, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze test.
Results
Previous studies have focused mainly on the impact of HDAC inhibitors on histone deacetylase activity. Our study discovered that VPA and WT161 can downregulate the expression of multiple HDACs, such as HDAC1 and HDAC6, in both AD cell and mouse models. Moreover, they also affect the expression of APP and APP secretases (BACE1, PSEN1, ADAM10). RNA interference and subsequent vitamin C induction further confirmed that the expression of APP and APP secretases is indeed regulated by HDAC1 and HDAC6, with the JNK pathway being the intermediate link in this regulatory process. Through the above pathways, VPA and WT161 effectively reduced Aβ deposition in both AD cell and mouse models and significantly improved cognitive function in AD mice.
Conclusions
In general, we have discovered that the HDAC6-JNK-APP secretases cascade is an important pathway for VPA and WT161 to exert their therapeutic effects on AD. Investigations into the safety and efficacy of VPA and WT161 were also conducted, providing essential preclinical evidence for assessing these two epigenetic drugs for the treatment of AD.
Trends in retail sales of insecticide-treated nets and untreated nets in Tanzania: cross-section surveys
Authors: Kamala Benjamin , Mwingizi Deo , Dadi David , Loll Dana , Gitanya Peter , Mwalimu Charles , Chacky Frank , Kajange Stella , Malima Sara , Khamis Mwinyi , Ibrahim Raya , Serbantez Naomi , Msangi Lulu , Koenker Hannah
Published: July 2023

Background
The commercial sector plays a vital role in mosquito net ownership and access in Tanzania. The National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP) includes long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) delivery through the commercial sector as a complementary mechanism. The NMSP aims to increase LLIN sales while decreasing untreated mosquito net sales. This survey aimed to track quantities, market share of different net categories, prices, and origins of mosquito nets in retail markets and to engage stakeholders to analyze market trends.
Methods
This mixed-method mosquito net retail outlet survey was conducted in mid-2021 in six and in mid-2022 in eight regions. Field teams identified net-selling outlets in major urban and peri-urban markets and used snowball sampling to identify additional outlets. A structured questionnaire was used, and photos of available mosquito net products were taken. Key informant interviews were conducted with wholesalers and retailers. The relative market share of a product was calculated by using the mean of each sales category as frequency weights. Qualitative data analysis was undertaken by summarizing common themes and observations based on the research question.
Results
A total of 394 and 1,139 outlets were surveyed in 2021 and 2022, respectively. More than 96% of distributed brands in both years were untreated nets. The market share for untreated mosquito nets was 99.2% in 2021 and 88.3% in 2022. Bed net sales were seasonal, peaking in the rainy season and at the start of the school year. Leaked LLINs from the public sector comprised 0.3% of the market share in 2021 and 8.3% in 2022. Kigoma markets had the most significant frequency of leaked LLIN products. Legitimate LLINs were rare in 2021 (n = 2) and not found in 2022, despite the presence of a local LLIN manufacturer. A small number (n = 3) of untreated nets fabricated in China claiming to be LLINs were observed in 2022.
Conclusions
Despite NMCP's strategic approach to increasing retail market share for legitimate LLINs, significant challenges remain. The situation may be unlikely to change given the context of large-scale public sector distributions of LLINs, the higher consumer cost of LLINs, the lack of bed net varieties, and Tanzania’s relatively lengthy and expensive LLIN registration process.
Cascade testing in Italian Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer families: a missed opportunity for cancer prevention?
Authors: Trevisan Lucia , Godino Lea , Battistuzzi Linda , Innella Giovanni , Luppi Elena , Buzzatti Giulia , Gismondi Viviana , Blondeaux Eva , Bonelli Luigina Ada , Turchetti Daniela , Varesco Liliana
Published: July 2023

Healthy carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) may benefit from risk-reducing measures of proven efficacy. The main approach to identify these individuals is cascade testing, and strategies to support this complex process are under investigation. In Italy, cascade testing has received little attention; therefore, we analyzed the uptake and characteristics of BRCA1/2 cascade testing in families diagnosed with HBOC at two Italian genetics centers between 2017 and 2019. All consanguineous family members who were older than 18 years of age at data collection time and who could be involved in the first step of cascade testing (i.e., all the living relatives closest to the proband) were included. In addition to first-degree relatives, individuals who were second-, third- or fourth-degree relatives were included if the closest relative(s) was/were deceased. Overall, 213 families were included (103, Genoa; 110, Bologna). Most probands were women affected by breast and/or ovarian cancer (86.4%, Genoa; 84.5%, Bologna), and the branch segregating the PV was known/suspected in most families (62.1%, Genoa; 60.9%, Bologna). Overall, the uptake of cascade testing was low (22%, Genoa; 16%, Bologna). It was associated with female gender (OR = 5.74, Genoa; OR = 3.33, Bologna), age < 30 years (OR = 10.31, Genoa; OR = 4.84, Bologna), first-degree relationship with the proband (OR = 20,94, Genoa; OR = 12.44, Bologna) and segregation of the PV in the paternal branch (OR = 2.90, Genoa; OR = 2.54, Bologna). These real-world data may be important to inform the design and implementation of strategies aimed at improving the uptake of HBOC cascade testing in Italy.
Study of fire behavior and evacuation in tunnel by simulation
Authors: Purwar Parth , Shukla Naman , Thanekar Arpit , A.B Bharath , Bansod Shail , Bhattacharya Shantanu , Singh D.K.
Published: July 2023

Over the past few decades, fire protection in tunnels is becoming very important as tunnels are gaining more popularity. It is constructed and used for transportation by people and freight all over the world. In order to achieve a fire safety purpose, evacuation systems should be well designed and built to evacuate people as early and safely as possible. The objective of this paper is to investigate the fire behavior and evacuation in a tunnel based on numerical simulation models in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. In this study, a single fire caused by vehicles carrying different fire loads is been considered and simulated along with multiple varying conditions, where installation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC’s) and its capability of reversing the spread of smoke i.e., to prevent back layering is been checked. FDS simulation modelling tool was also majorly used to investigate the dangerous situations in which a fully loaded gasoline tank lorry was considered for burning simulation inside a long road tunnel. These simulation results were used to determine conditions which are faced by humans while evacuating any road tunnel that’s under fire. In this paper, multiple model-based experiments were carried out using tunnels of different sizes and ventilation conditions.
Spatiotemporal single cell analyses reveal a transient population of retinal progenitor cells in the ciliary margin of developing human retina
Authors: Lako Majlinda , Dorgau Birthe , Collin Joseph , Rozanska Agata , Zerti Darin , Crossier Moira , Hussain Rafiqul , Coxhead Jonathan , Dhanaseelan Tamil , Patel Aara , Sowden Jane , FitzPatrick David , Queen Rachel
Published: July 2023

The emergence of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and differentiation to various retinal cell types represent fundamental processes during retinal development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive single cell characterisation of transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes that underline RPC specification and differentiation over the course of human retinal development up to midgestation. Our lineage trajectory data demonstrate the presence of early RPCs, which transit to late RPCs, and further to transient neurogenic progenitors, that give rise to all the retinal neurons. Combining single cell RNA-Seq with spatial transcriptomics of early eye samples, we demonstrate for the first time the transient presence of early RPCs in the ciliary margin zone with decreasing occurrence from 8 PCW of human development. In RPCs, we identified a significant enrichment for TEAD transcription factor binding motifs, which when inhibited led to loss of RPCs and retinal lamination, and inhibition of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell differentiation.
An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Based Homomorphic Encryption for Intelligent Transport System
Authors: Tanwar Nikhil
Published: July 2023

The volume of automobiles on roadways keeps growing and crashes increase in frequency, managing traffic routes gets increasingly crucial. Real-time messages are delivered through wireless connections in Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS), although this might raise safety and confidentiality issues. Safety flaws, hefty data processing and transmission costs, and safety vulnerabilities plague current traffic route management ideas.
With fog-based ITS's, a simple congestion routing management system was developed to overcome these problems. In this system, automobiles encrypted their travel courses using homomorphic encryption and transfer the secured data onto a fog node. Despite being aware of what specific path was taken by every automobile, Traffic Control Centre (TMC) decodes the received ciphertexts which have been collected by the fog node and manages congestion based on the decoded data.
Additionally, the plan makes utilization of the blockchain system to maintain the vehicle's public key. This makes it possible to manage individual vehicle's public key securely and impenetrably, guaranteeing that only authorized cars may join the ITS.
The idea was put into operation via the Rinkeby test network based on Ethereum to show that it is feasible. According to the results of the study, this aforementioned approach outperforms other pertinent representative schemes.
This lightweight traffic route management system offers a safe and effective method for controlling travel routes in ITSs by utilizing homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology. By addressing the safety and confidentiality concerns raised by sending real-time communications via wireless methods, also lowers the computation and transmission costs of previous ideas. This approach has the potential to improve traffic safety and ease congestion in ITS's.
Improving the system of healthcare institution management in conditions of pandemic threats
Authors: Volk Anna , Sygyda Nataliia , Zaitseva Tetiana
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to analysing activities of the infectious disease unit of a medical institution in one of Ukrainian regions. The unit is designed for intensive care of patients. The study main goal is to develop a strategy for further development of this unit to improve quality of its services and patient satisfaction. During the research, the initial conditions for the in-patient medical care provision were discussed. A comprehensive analysis of activities and structural problems within the infectious unit was carried out. Based on the study results, a strategic plan for further development was generated to enhance the unit efficiency and quality of its provided medical services. During analysing the infectious unit work, it was found that the in-patient care provision meets the worldwide infectious care norms. In the conditions of reforming the Ukrainian medical industry, many issues remain unresolved (in particular, restructuring and improvement of the healthcare system as a whole and that of the infectious disease unit). The latter plays an important role in creating a high-quality national program for medical service provision by healthcare institutions. Therefore, we succeed in improving resilience in the face of public health threats and risks. The analysis showed current positive trends in understanding the importance of this structural unit activities within the healthcare system. Besides, new ways of its modernisation are found. The authors substantiate this area development requires the national quality control indicators, the marketing policy improvement as well as the strengthened organisational and methodological role of the infectious disease service in healthcare institutions. Specific recommendations were formulated regarding ways to develop the infectious disease unit. They will help raise service satisfaction among patients of medical institutions. The obtained results are of practical importance and can be used in managing healthcare institutions at the national and regional levels.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN MATERI KEDATANGAN BANGSA-BANGSA BARAT KE INDONESIA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII TINGKAT MTs/SMP
Authors: Ramadhan Dwi Nur , Nurpratiwi Hany
Published: July 2023

This study developed a video learning media material for the arrival of western nations to Indonesia for students of class VIII IPS at the SMP/MTS level for research studies: MTsN 1 Blitar, SMPN 1 Sananlulon, SMPN 3 Kedungwaru. The development model used by Borg and Gall with 10 steps. With research subjects 22 students from MTsN 1 Blitar, 28 students from SMPN 1 Sanankulon and 31 students from SMPN 3 Kedungwaru. Researchers collect data by observation and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques hereresearchers use descriptive qualitative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. get validation results from media expert validators with a percentage of 82.5%, material experts with a percentage of 85%, social studies teachers in three SMP/MTS level VIII schools, namely MTsN 1 Blitar with a percentage of 84%, SMPN 1 Sanankulon with a percentage of 92%, and SMPN 3 Kedungwaru with a percentage of 95%. For the initial field test with colleagues to get a percentage of 90%. Supported by the appearance of learning video media packaged according to real illustrations, there is interesting information that can arouse students' interest in the learning process. The use of video media in learning provides effectiveness and efficiency in learning activities, and encourages reciprocal interaction between teachers and students so as to create an atmosphere of good learning interaction. there is interesting information that can arouse students' interest in the learning process. The use of video media in learning provides effectiveness and efficiency in learning activities, and encourages reciprocal interaction between teachers and students so as to create an atmosphere of good learning interaction. there is interesting information that can arouse students' interest in the learning process. The use of video media in learning provides effectiveness and efficiency in learning activities, and encourages reciprocal interaction between teachers and students so as to create an atmosphere of good learning interaction.
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING VIDEO ON GLOBALIZATION MATERIAL IX GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP/MTS LEVEL (Case Studies at SMPN 2 Sumbergempol Tulungagung, SMPI Al Khoiriyah Tungagung, and MTs Aswaja Tunggangri Tulungagung)
Authors: Anandra Febriyanto Ahmad Yus
Published: July 2023

This study developed a product in the form of learning video media for globalization material in the odd semester of class IX at the junior high school / MTs research study of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol, SMPI Al Khoiriyah Tulungagung, MTs Aswaja Tunggangri. The research model used Borg and Gall with ten steps. The research subjects of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol amounted to 28 students, at SMPI Al Khoiriyah amounted to 19 students, at MTs Aswaja Tunggangri amounted to 20 students. Information collection was obtained from observation and questionnaire result. Data analysis techniques used qualitative descriptive analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The result of the media expert validation test with a percentage of 81.53%. The result of material expert validation with a percentage of 84.2%. The result of three social sciences teacher validation with a percentage of 85.71%, 87.14% and 92.85%. The result of small-scale trials with a percentage of 83.73%. The result of large-scale tests at SMPN 2 Sumbergempol with a percentage of 87.5%, and the result of observation of liveliness activities with a percentage of 82.14% of students passed. The result of the large-scale test at SMPI Al Khoiriyah Tulungagung with the acquisition of 87.6%, the result of observation of liveliness activities with a percentage of 84.21% of students passed. MTs Aswaja Tunggangri students with an average percentage of 87.2%. The result of students' liveliness activities with a percentage of 80% of students completed. The use of learning video media has a positive impact on students.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN MATERI PERUBAHAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA PADA MASA PENJAJAHAN KELAS VIII TINGKAT SMP/MTS (Studi Penelitian MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut, SMPN 1 Sumbergempol, dan SMPI AL Khoiriyah Tulungagung)
Authors: Ajis Ali Ahmad Zakiyal , Putranto Anggoro
Published: July 2023

This study develops instructional video media on the theme of Social Change during the colonial period for the second semester of grade VIII in social studies at the junior high school level. The research was conducted at MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut, SMPN 1 Sumbergempol, and SMPI Al Khoiriyah. The development model used was Borg and Gall's ten-step model. The research subjects consisted of 34 students from MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut, 31 students from SMPN 1 Sumbergempol, and 16 students from SMPI Al Khoiriyah. The researchers collected data through observations and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative descriptive analysis and descriptive statistics. The validation results from media experts were 80%, subject matter experts 84.2%, and social studies teachers from the three schools: MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut 85.7%, SMPN 1 Sumbergempol 87.1%, and SMPI Al Khoiriyah 92.8%. The initial peer review obtained a score of 85%. A large-scale test was conducted in three schools based on student questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha values ​​obtained for MTs Miftahul Huda Ngunut, SMPN 1 Sumbergempol, and SMPI Al Khoiriyah were 0.925, 0.924, and 0.960, respectively, which exceeded the threshold of 0.6. The student questionnaire results indicate that the instructional video media is reliable and suitable for research purposes. respectively, which exceeded the threshold of 0.6. The student questionnaire results indicate that the instructional video media is reliable and suitable for research purposes. respectively, which exceeded the threshold of 0.6. The student questionnaire results indicate that the instructional video media is reliable and suitable for research purposes
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING VIDEOS SUBJECT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR SEVENTH-GRADE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (Research study; MTs Ma'arif Bakung Udanawu Blitar, MTsN 1 Blitar, SMPN 3 Srengat)
Authors: Lestari Indah Dwi , Pratama Hendra
Published: July 2023

: Study about the development of learning videos has often been carried out to observe the effectiveness of media on learning activities.  This study aims to: 1) know the process of developing learning videos as one of the learning media with Sustainable Development Goals subject (SDG’s), 2) know the level of validity of learning video development, and 3) know the impact of using learning videos for seventh-grade students on Junior High School level in three different places, namely MTsN 1 Blitar, MTs Ma'arif Udanawu, SMPN 3 Srengat. This research uses the ten-step research and development (R&D) method developed by Borg and Gall. Data collection is based on observations and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive statistical analysis. The effectiveness of the use of learning video media is carried out with validity and reliability tests. The results of the study tested the validity of learning videos on media experts and material experts by 82.3%, 84.2%, the elementary school of social studies teachers in three schools respectively 82.5%, 86.6%, and 97.1%, small-scale respondents by 84%, and large-scale reliability test by results with Cronbach alpha values of 0.796, 0.924, and 0.941 (Cronbach alpha>0.6). The results of the study can be concluded that media video learning value is very valid used as a learning media.
Electronic excitations of the charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond obtained using time-independent variational density functional calculations
Authors: Ivanov Aleksei V. , Schmerwitz Yorick L. A. , Levi Gianluca , Jónsson Hannes
Published: July 2023

Elucidation of the mechanism for optical spin initialization of point defects in solids in the context of quantum applications requires an accurate description of the excited electronic states involved. While variational density functional calculations have been successful in describing the ground state of a great variety of systems, doubts have been expressed in the literature regarding the ability of such calculations to describe electronic excitations of point defects. A direct orbital optimization method is used here to perform time-independent, variational density functional calculations of a prototypical defect, the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The calculations include up to 511 atoms subject to periodic boundary conditions and the excited state calculations require similar computational effort as ground state calculations. Contrary to some previous reports, the use of local and semilocal density functionals gives the correct ordering of the low-lying triplet and singlet states, namely {}^{3}A_2 < {}^{1}E < {}^{1}A_1 < {}^{3}E3A2<1E<1A1<3E. Furthermore, the more advanced meta generalized gradient approximation functionals give results that are in remarkably good agreement with high-level, many-body calculations as well as available experimental estimates, even for the excited singlet state which is often referred to as having multireference character. The lowering of the energy in the triplet excited state as the atom coordinates are optimized in accordance with analytical forces is also close to the experimental estimate and the resulting zero-phonon line triplet excitation energy is underestimated by only 0.15 eV. The approach used here is found to be a promising tool for studying electronic excitations of point defects in, for example, systems relevant for quantum technologies.
The nexus between territorial border controls, informal cross border trading and economic security in Zimbabwe: the case of Beitbridge Border Post
Authors:   , Nare Hilary
Published: July 2023

Informal cross border trade is central to the lives of many Zimbabweans, with informal trade across the Zimbabwean-South African border being of particular importance. This entails travelling through the Beitbridge border post on the Zimbabwean side, with Zimbabwean informal traders purchasing items in South Africa for resale in Zimbabwe. In doing so, they contribute not only to their own economic security but likely to the economic security of other Zimbabweans deeply affected by the ongoing crisis in the country. Often times, when examining the lives of Zimbabwe’s informal traders, the border post is not subjected to sustained focus and analysis. Yet, border posts (like the Beitbridge border post) are complex social institutions which configure the lives and livelihoods of cross border traders in multiple ways, and which informal traders often have to negotiate their way through. In this context, this thesis provides a critical analysis of border control management at the Beitbridge border post with particular reference to the activities of Zimbabwean informal cross border traders. The Beitbridge border post, like all border posts, has multiple functions. As a territorial border post, it seeks to maintain the national sovereignty of the Zimbabwean nation- state, and it monitors and controls the movement of people and goods in both directions. Currently, it is doing so at a time when the vast majority of Zimbabweans are suffering from varying levels of economic insecurity. The extent to which these functions are performed, and the manner in which they are performed, depends fundamentally on what takes place at the Beitbridge border post. This refers to the performance of both human subjects (border control officers of various kinds) and inanimate objects (such as scanners and cameras), both of which enact agency. Combined with these is the agency of cross border traders, who are compelled to navigate their way in and through these dimensions of the border control system. The thesis examines this by drawing heavily upon Actor-Network Theory. It is based on research undertaken at Beitbridge border post, involving 50 interviews with primarily current and former border control officers as well as informal cross border traders. Findings of this study show that deficiencies in border control management and border porosity at Beitbridge have led to a flourishing of informal cross border trade and, in turn, contributed to economic security in Zimbabwe, including during the time of Covid-19.
Antimicrobial resistome and mobilome in the urban river affected by combined sewer overflows and wastewater treatment effluent
Authors: Sabar Muhammad Adnan , Van Huy Than , Sugie Yoshinori , Wada Hiroyuki , Zhao Bo , Matsuura Norihisa , Ihara Masaru , Watanabe Toru , Tanaka Hiroaki , Honda Ryo
Published: July 2023

The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment is an emerging global health problem. Wastewater treatment effluent and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are major sources of antimicrobial resistance in urban rivers. This study aimed to clarify the effect of municipal wastewater treatment effluent and CSO on antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), mobile gene elements, and the microbial community in an urban river. The ARG abundance per 16S-based microbial population in the target river was 0.37–0.54 and 0.030–0.097 during the CSO event and dry weather, respectively. During the CSO event, the antimicrobial resistome in the river shifted toward a higher abundance of ARGs to clinically important drug classes, including macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam, whereas ARGs to sulfonamide and multidrug by efflux pump were relatively abundant in dry weather. The abundance of intI1 and tnpA genes were highly associated with the total ARG abundance, suggesting their potential application as an indicator for estimating resistome contamination. Increase of prophage during the CSO event suggested that impact of CSO has a greater potential for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via transduction. Consequently, CSO not only increases the abundance of ARGs to clinically important antimicrobials but also possibly enhances potential of HGT in urban rivers.
Advances in the Synthesis of Diarylpyrimidine as Potent Non-nucleoside Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors: Biological Activities, Molecular Docking Studies and
Structure-activity Relationship: A Critical Review
Authors: Suleiman Mustapha , Hasan Aso Hameed , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Amran Syazwani Itri , Jamalis Joazaizulfazli
Published: July 2023

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an ailment that is caused primarily
by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is the main agent responsible for
this deadly disease. Of all the different inhibitors employed to curtail the menace caused by
this deadly virus, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been cutting
edge in the fight against AIDS. Over the past few years, the diaryl pyrimidine family and its
derivatives have shown promising NNRTI properties attributed to their characteristic flexibility,
targeting of conserved residues of reverse transcriptase, positional adaptability and, importantly,
the formation of hydrogen bonds, which altogether led to the generation of secondgeneration
NNRTIs. This breakthrough in the DAPY derivatives led to the development of
TMC278 (rilpivirine) and TMC125 (etravirine), the two most recently approved NNRTIs by
the FDA because of their low cytotoxicity, superior activities against mutant strains and WT HIV-1, excellent potency
and high specificity. However, new challenges loom on the DAPY derivatives: the disappointing pharmacokinetic
properties and accelerated emergence of resistance (particularly, K1013N and Y181C mutations, which are
the two most important HIV-1 mutations that persist in most of the FDA-approved regimens), which implores further
research to develop novel HIV-1 NNRTIs. In this review, we detail the reported different synthetic pathways
for diaryl pyrimidine modification from published articles from 2010 to 2022, their biological activities, in addition
to molecular docking studies and structure-activity relationships to uncover the possible molecular contributions
that improved or reduced the NNRTIs properties. In a nutshell, the research findings provide valuable insights into
the various modifications of the DAPY derivatives to develop novel NNRTIs.
SLEEP DISTURBANCE AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: NEW INSIGHT
Authors: Utami Desak Ketut Indrasari , Yaputra Faldi
Published: July 2023

Disruptions in sleep-wake cycles are particularly prevalent after a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Sleep disruptions may occur as a main impact of brain damage or as a result of other neuropsychiatric sequelae of TBI, such as anxiety disorder, depressive disorders, substance abuse, chronic pain, and/or medication consumption. Chronic discomfort (headache and broad pain, presumably of central origin) and/or sleep difficulties (insomnia, disturbed breathing, periodic limb movements) occur in about one in five people with TBI. Disruptions in sleep-wake cycles linked with TBI need therapy. Although data specific to individuals with TBI is currently limited, cognitive-behavioral treatment and medication may be beneficial in alleviating sleep-wake problems in people who have sustained a TBI. This article aims to raise awareness of sleep disturbance after TBI to enhance diagnosis, assessment, and therapy and disclose new research opportunities.
NEUROPROTECTANT OF 7,8-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE IN ISCHEMIC STROKE THROUGH MODULATION GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE AND TYROSINE RECEPTOR KINASE C: A BIOINFORMATICS STUDY
Authors: Violita Aldita Husna , Arviana Safira Dita , Muhammad Rislan Faiz , Adnani Basyar , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Khotimah Husnul , Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar , Yueniwati Yuyun
Published: July 2023

Background: Times New Roman 9, single space, contains the brief description of the research. Stroke is the greatest cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Several biological mechanisms underlying this disease such as failure of glutamate reuptake and ATP synthesis, resulting in high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptosis, resulted in cell death and brain tissue damage. Neurotherapeutics agents are given to affect the pathophysiological pathways and prevent expanding infarct area. Objective: This study aims to analyze the modulation of Gluthatione S-Transferase (GST) and Tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC) by 7,8-DHF as neuroprotective agent in ischemic in silico. Methods: This study used in silico simulation to predict 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) as neuroprotective agent by using PubChem, RCSB, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyRx, and PyMol. This study analyzes the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and molecular interactions between 7,8-DHF as a ligand with GST (13GS) and TrkC (6KZC) as protein target, compared to their native ligand. Results: 7,8-DHF may increase intracellular endogenous antioxidants mainly GST and stimulate TrkC to activate further neuron survival signaling. 7,8 DHF has a much lower bond energy (-8.1 Kcal/mol) when it binds to GST compared to the native ligand (-5.9 Kcal/mol). Besides, binding affinity between 7,8-DHF-TrkC was -9 Kcal/mol, while native ligand-TrkC was -10.6 Kcal/mol. This study showed that there were the same amino acid residues between 7,8-DHF-GST and 7,8-DHF-TrkC, compared to their native ligand. Conclusion: As an adaptive response to hypoxia caused by ischemic stroke, these findings are likely to induce protective mechanism through indirectly TrkC activation which regulates neurogenesis and increasing intracellular endogenous antioxidants.
Theodor W. Adorno: Fragen der Dialektik
Authors: Müller Frank
Published: July 2023

Rezension von Theodor W. Adorno: Fragen der Dialektik. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2021.
Richard Raatzsch: Versuch über den Sinn des Lebens
Authors: Wittwer Hector
Published: July 2023

Rezension von Richard Raatzsch: Versuch über den Sinn des Lebens. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2022.