bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digenean parasites of the water skipper Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Dicroglossidae) of the South Western Ghats, India
Authors: Keloth Shinad , Kandambeth Prasadan Puthanpurayil
Published: January 2019

Five species of digenean parasites, Diplodiscus mehrai, Tremiorchis ranarum, Halipegus mehransis, Ganeo glottoides and Ganeo tigrinum, of the frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Wayanad Region of the South Western Ghats are reported in this paper. Multiple infections were also recorded during the study. Prevalence of infection of D. mehrai, T. ranarum, H. mehransis, G. glottoides and G. tigrinum were 12%, 8%, 2%, 31% and 8%, respectively, and the intensity of infection were 1.7, 34.4, 2, 4.5 and 2.9, respectively.
Comparison of two ketamine/xylazine anesthesic protocols in pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)
Authors: Guevara Manuel Alejandro , Lorenzo Acquaro Sofía Ana , Giai Marcos , Gargiulo Pascual Angel
Published: January 2019

The pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is an animal used as an experimental model in surgical procedures. This makes the use of anaesthesia necessary. The present study constitutes a comparison between two different ketamine/xylazine concentration protocols. One protocol used ketamine 10% + xylazine 10% (high concentration), and the other ketamine 5% + xylazine 2% (low concentration). Concentrations were chosen since these are the most common presentations in the veterinary market. In the present experiments, twenty male and female pigs (Sus crofa domestica; 20 kg each), were assigned into two different groups. The first one was integrated by pigs treated with high concentration protocol (n = 10), and the second one, composed by pigs that received low concentration protocol (n = 10). Parameters measured were the time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus, and the heart rate. The effects of these drugs were considered not only specifically in its sedative effects, but also in the respiratory system. Based on these results, we conclude that the first protocol showed better results than the second one. The time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus was lower in the first one (p < 0.001). Differences between the effects on the respiratory system (p = 0.37) and sedative effects (p = 0.87) were not significant, even when focusing on the last measurement, higher concentration protocol was twenty percent (20%) more effective than lower.
Dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in bioturbated littoral surface sediments at a selected tourist destination of Northern Coastal Bay of Bengal, India: An ecologically significant case study
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Das Subhajit , De Tarun Kumar
Published: January 2019

A case study was undertaken to observe the variations in the concentrations of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen species in the surface sediments of the littoral compartments at Bakkhali and Frasergunj situated within the single coastal stretch at the southernmost tip of West Bengal, India. Effects, if any, of the presence or absence of bioturbations on the variability of the dissolved nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen and the cumulative concentration of former three variables in the beach surface sediments were also noted. On site nitrite-nitrogen was found in alternate fluctuating patterns throughout the beach zonations with gradual lowering and peaking within each zone. An evidently prominent fact was the independence of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species from bioturbatory influences in the surface sediments of wave exposed littoral environments at the study sites. That effect might become significant in a vertical profile but from the data procured it can be stated that inorganic nitrogen species concentrations in surface beach sediments are not entirely perturbed by bioturbations and are governed by many other environmental parameters. A Pearson correlation performed on the normalized data sets revealed that there existed a fairly significant correlation in between the both the beach sediments with r-values ranging from -0.97 to +0.99 among the five variables considered at 95% confidence level. ANOVA Single factor yielded values in support of the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Yirminci ve Yirmi Birinci Yüzyıl Gezi Edebiyatında Ev/Yurt Algısı
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Abdulfettah
Published: January 2019

Yeni Eleştiri[1] kuramının, eserlerin bağımsız birer yapı olduğu ve kendi kendine yeterliliği prensibinden hareketle, bu makale, konusunun şekillenmesi için referans olarak seçilen gezi edebiyatı metinlerinin sunduğu tanımlamalar ve betimlemelere olabildiğince sadık kalarak, insan yaşamı için merkezî bir mekân olma niteliğine sahip ve bununla birlikte kimlik, kültür ve kişilik gibi olgularla da bağlantılı olan ve bunun yanı sıra teknik ve teknolojik sahada kaydedilen ilerlemelerin bir sonucu olarak mekânlararası etkileşimin daha sık ve daha hızlı gerçekleştiği son iki yüzyılın kayda değer sorunsallarından olan ev ve yurt algısına dair bir inceleme sunmayı hedefliyor. Bu bağlamda, referans olarak seçilen metinler, yalnızca deneyimsel nitelikleriyle değil aynı zamanda “gezi edebiyatı teorisi eseri” nitelikleriyle bağlantılı olarak da ele alınacaktır. Dolayısıyla, algılayıcı özne olarak insan ve algınanan nesne olarak mekân diyalektiğinden hareketle, gezgin-yazar olarak nitelendirilebilecek çağdaş yazarlar tarafından, evlerinden ve yurtlarından, alışılmış ve sıradan olandan uzakta, dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde gerçekleştirilen gezi deneyimlerinin edebî boyut kazanmış hâli olan gezi edebiyatı eserleri, içerdikleri parçalar aracılığıyla, bu makalenin konusu olan mekân algısı paradigmasına yaklaşımda izlenecek tutumu birincil elden besleyeceklerdir. Böylelikle, belirli bir mekânsal gerçekliği yansıtan kavramlar olan ev ve yurdun gezgin-yazar açısından algısı noktasında, biri diğerinden bağımsız şartlarda gerçekleşmiş olsa dahi birbirini besleyen ya da tamamlayan bireysel deneyimler neticesinde yazıya aktarılan tanımlama ve yaklaşımlar üzerinden mekân algısı meselesinin farklı boyutları göz önüne serilecek, bu sayede de mekân olgusuna dair önerilecek olan herhangi bir yargının hem bütünselliğine hem de eksikliğine vurgu yapılmış olacaktır. [1] Yeni Eleştiri (New Criticism), bir eserin kaynak veya kaynaklarına ve sosyokültürel arka planına odaklanmaktan ziyade, sayfalarında yer alan kelimeleri merkeze koyan, edebî eserleri, eser dışındaki ögelerden bağımsız, otonom ve organik unsurlar olarak ele alan bir eleştiri yaklaşımı, anlayışı olarak tanımlanabilir (Das 2005: 24-25).
The Experiential Theatre of Anthony Neilson and The Wonderful World of Dissocia
Authors: BİÇER Ahmet Gökhan
Published: January 2019

Experiential theatre goes beyond the boundaries of dramatic theatre by allowing the audience to experience the event performed on stage and create their own meaning and interpretation of conflicting phenomena, such as security and violence. As one of the important representatives of this type of English theatre in the 1990s, the playwright Anthony Neilson, has attracted substantial critical attention for his trenchant portrayal of violence in all its bareness that inevitably comes out within the practices of daily life. With one of his most important plays to date, The Wonderful World of Dissocia (2004), Neilson portrays experiential theatricality of states of mind while exploring the connection between the internal and external reality of a self. By doing so, Neilson pushes the framework of experiential theatre to a new extreme. This paper scrutinizes his contribution to the practice of experiential theatre within the context of violence and identity politics.
Toruko Gunkan Erutū-rurugō no Kainan ve Üç Bahriyelinin Sevgilileri Adlı Eserlerde Ertuğrul Fırkateyni Faciası
Authors: SİCİM KAPLAN Emine
Published: January 2019

Günümüz modern toplumu, tarih bilgisini çoğunlukla roman, hikâye vb. edebî

eserlerden ve televizyon, sinema vb. görsel alanlardan oluşturmaktadır. Bu

alanlarda kurgu unsurunun ön planda olduğunu göz önünde bulundurursak,

aktarılan her hatalı bilgi, toplumun belleğinde yanlışlar ve önyargılar

oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışmada, Ertuğrul Firkateyni faciası olayının, farklı

zamanda ve farklı dilde yazılan iki edebî esere yansıması incelenmiştir. İlk

romanın yazarı Ömer Ertur’un kitabı Japonca, İngilizce ve Türkçe olmak üzere üç

dilde yayımlanmıştır. Bu yüzden Japonya ve Avrupa’da oluşacak Türk imajı

açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Ertur romanında, gerçeğe dayalı bir kurgu

olmasına rağmen Ertuğrul Fırkatyeni faciası ile ilgili her ayrıntıyı tarihi

gerçekçiliğe sadık kalarak vermiş, olayları tarihi bir araştırma kitabı

niteliğinde bütün boyutları ile ele almıştır. Diğer romanın yazarı Burhan Arif

Ongun’un eseri, Ertuğrul Fırkateyni faciası üzerine yazılan ilk romandır ve bu

yüzden oldukça önemlidir. Ancak Ongun romanında, Ertuğrul Fırkateyni faciası

olayını ayrıntısı ile anlatmak yerine konuyla alakası olmayan hayali bir dünya

yaratmıştır. Eser, tarihi romandan ziyade aşk romanı niteliği taşımaktadır.
Sa‘di-yi Şîrâzî’nin Yolculuklarının “Gülistân” Eseri Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: AVCIOĞLU Gamze Gizem
Published: January 2019

XIII. yüzyılda yaşayan Sa‘di-yi Şîrâzî (öl. 691/1292), adı günümüze kadar

ulaşan İran’ın en büyük şairlerindendir. Yaklaşan Moğol istilası nedeniyle

eğitim görmek için Bağdat’a giden ve oradan da uzun bir yolculuğa çıkan şair

yaşadığı dönemin siyasî-sosyal olaylarını içinde barındıran önemli eserler

kaleme almıştır. Bu eserler arasında adından en çok bahsettiren “Bûstân” ve

“Gülistân”dır. “Bûstân” 655/1257 yılında mütekârib bahrinde yazılmıştır. 5000

beyitten oluşan didaktik bir manzumedir. Diğer eseri “Gülistân” ise “Bûstân”dan

bir yıl sonra 656/1258 yılında yazılmıştır. Nazım ve nesrin iç içe olduğu bu

eser, Sa‘dî’nin diğer eserlerinden üslûp ve içerik açısından ayrılarak hemen

hemen her şairin rahle-i tedrisinden geçmiştir. “Gülistân” Sa‘dî’nin hayatından

anekdotlar sunması ve yaşadığı deneyimleri okuyucuya aktarması açısından önemli

bir eserdir. “Gülistân”da anlatılan hikâyelerin çoğu, şairin uzun yolculukları

sırasında karşılaştığı kişilerden ve başına gelen olaylardan edindiği

tecrübeler üzerinedir. Bu çalışmamızda Şîrâz’ın içinde bulunduğu karmaşa

sebebiyle ülkesinden ayrılan Sa‘dî’nin “Gülistân” eserinde dile getirdiği uzun

yolculuklar ele alınacak ve bu yolculukların “Gülistân”da nasıl işlendiği

üzerinde durulacaktır.
Subtitle Translation: Cultural Components in the Translation of the Film Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au bon Dieu?
Authors: ÜNSAL Gülhanım
Published: January 2019

Subtitle translation which is one of the oldest types of translation, can be defined as translation of audio-visual constituents in the source language simultaneously into the target language in a limited duration. In this translation type, the source text should be translated into the target text without meaning and information loss, in a correct and understandable way, simultaneously with picture and sound. In subtitle translation, which is a type of both intralingual and interlingual translations, audiovisual elements in the source text should be translated in a simple, clear and effective way in a short time in accordance with grammar and syntax rules of the target language. What the audience reads in the target language is what they hear in the source language. Subtitle translation which is presented together with the original sound of the movie is a bare translation; therefore it is open to criticism in this respect as well. In addition, it is observed that there is a challenge being faced in subtitle translation to convey cultural components. Based on the translation approach adopted, subtitle translation can be target-oriented and foreignization between the audience and the product belonging to a different culture can disappear. On the other hand, it can be source-oriented and foreignization between the audience and the product can occur. And yet, translator is the person who decides how to represent a foreign culture and what kind of strategy to follow in the translation of the cultural components. From this point forth, the cultural components in subtitle translation will be examined in this study through translator decisions in the light of Venuti’s domestication and foreignization approaches. For this purpose, in the translation of cultural components from French to Turkish in the film called Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au bon Dieu?, it was attempted to determine the restrictions that the translator was exposed to, which strategies were followed and what kind of decisions were made by the translator.
Witnessing Trauma in Simon Stephens’ Motortown
Authors: GÜNENÇ Mesut
Published: January 2019

Simon Stephens is one of the most important contemporary playwrights whose popularity spreads out both Britain and continental Europe. His Motortown (2006) consists of eight scenes. Having structural order and correlations with each other, these scenes depict notions of fear, violence, anxiety and traumatic experiences. The play’s protagonist, Danny, is a British soldier who is sent to Iraq for his military service and comes back home with his traumatic memories. Simon Stephens portrays a political play which discloses the tormenting process of Danny’s unsuccessful treatment back home. Stephens also depicts traumatic patterns and major trauma factors observed as the lack of family support and psychological disorders of contemporary British society, which are the disappointing results of war in Iraq. Applying the trauma theory and taking into consideration the effects of war, this study will illustrate Danny’s personal background and his traumatic experiences which become central among other characters in contemporary British culture.
Almanca ve Türkçede Adın Belirtme Durumu
Authors: USLU Zeki , UYANIK Ayşe
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı Almanca ve Türkçede adın belirtme durumunu karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek, benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarmak ve Almanca öğrenen Türkler için bu konudaki öğrenme zorluklarına çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde adın belirtme durumu her iki dilde de ayrıntılı olarak incelenmektedir. Adın belirtme durumunda iki dil arasındaki en belirgin fark nesnenin belirtililik özelliğinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkçe tümcede nesne ekli ya da eksiz bulunabilmektedir. –İ ekini alan nesne belirtilidir. Almancada ise nesne ister belirtili ister belirtisiz olsun artikeli mutlaka Akkusativ durumda çekimlenmek zorundadır. İkinci bölümde öğrenci uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir. Öğrencilere çalışma kağıdı dağıtılmış ve üç farklı değişkende adın belirtme durumunu kullanma başarıları ölçülmüştür. Tümce kurmada ve Türkçeden Almancaya çeviride “ein” belirsiz artikelinin Akkusativ durumda çekimlenmemesi, Almancadan Türkçeye çeviride ise belirtisiz nesneye “–İ” ekinin getirilmesi en sık yapılan hatalar olarak bulunmuştur. Hatalar çözümlendiğinde bunların yalnızca Türkçe ile Almancanın yapısal farklılığından kaynaklanmadığı, birinci yabancı dil olarak öğrenilen İngilizcenin de etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre öğrencilerin dillere daha çözümleyici yaklaşmasının sağlanması ve dil bilinci oluşturulması yönünde çaba harcanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
The Utilization of the European Standards for Defining Educational Assessment: Teacher-Tester Attributes and Directors’ Control
Authors: KAVAKLI Nurdan , MİRİCİ İsmail Hakkı
Published: January 2019

This study aims to scrutinize the utilization of the European guidelines in testing and assessment practices of non-formal English language schools. Providing insights from a mixed-methods research design, the quantitative data were gathered from the English language teachers, who were also working as test (-item) developers at three private institutions renowned for quality with the highest course attendee capacity and branches in Turkey to reveal teacher-tester attributes, whereas qualitative data were gathered from the directors of these private institutions to screen directors’ control. The results have yielded that (1) the kinds of assessment in use allow for feedback on the performance of the on-going educational system; (2) the overall evaluation of the total program, and assessment of educational systems are taken into consideration in testing procedures to some extent; (3) what is good for the individual in assessment does not thoroughly align with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; (4) the assessment applied in the selected private institutions does not mainly cover standardized tests. The results are discussed, and laced with suggestions to improve the quality of current testing and assessment practices by the exploitation of the European Framework of Standards for Educational Assessment (AEA- Europe 2012) regarding non-formal private institutions as the arteries of Turkish education economy.
Lykaonia Bölgesi’nde Roma Dönemi’ne Ait Bir Grup Koloni Iconium Sikkesi
Authors: ABAY Nizam
Published: January 2019

Iconium, günümüz Konya il merkezidir. Şehir MÖ 25 yılında Galatialı Amyntas'ın ölümü sonucu Augustus tarafından Asia eyaletinin oluşturulmasıyla Roma egemenliğine girmiştir. Augustus döneminde kent kolonizasyon faaliyetlerine maruz kalmıştır.  MS II. yy. da ise Hadrian Iconium Şehrini tam bir Roma kolonisi haline getirmiştir. Iconium kuzeyden - güneyden, doğudan - batıdan gelen yolların kavşak noktası üzerinde yer aldığından dolayı ticari öneme sahiptir. Bu sayede kentin birçok sikke darp ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Nitekim Türkiye'deki çeşitli arkeoloji müzelerine bilimsel kazılarla veya satın alma veya müsadere yolu ile kazandırılmış, sikke teşhirinde sergilenen ve deposunda bulunan Roma Dönem'ine ait birçok Coloni - Iconium sikkeleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Roma dönemine tarihlenen bu sikkeler üzerinden ekonomik yaşam, inanç yapısı ve siyasal gelişim hakkında bilgi sahibi olunması amaçlanmaktadır.
Akhisar Arkeoloji Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Hellenistik Seramik
Authors: YILDIZ Volkan
Published: January 2019

Thyateria antik kentinin mirasçısı olan Akhisar’da 1932 yılında inşa edilmiş olan ve bir kısmı öğretmen evi olarak kullanılan iki katlı bir binanın restore edilerek 2012 yılında müze olarak ziyarete açılmasıyla o güne değin Manisa Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde korunan bir grup eser Akhisar Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenmeye başlamıştır. Bu eserler içerisinde Hellenistik Dönem’e ait bir grup seramik de yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Akhisar Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenmekte olan bu seramikler formlarına ve gruplarına göre incelenmiş, her ne kadar buluntu yerleri ile ilgili detaylı bilgi olmasa da bazılarının üretim merkezleriyle ilgili öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Müzedeki çalışmalarımız sonucunda saptanan Hellenistik Seramik grupları arasında siyah firnisli seramik, batı yamacı, kalıp yapımı kaseler ve lagynoslar yer almaktadır.
Bir Kentsel Mekân Olarak Konya Alâeddin Tepesinde Gündelik Hayat
Authors: NACAK İbrahim
Published: January 2019

Herhangi bir kentsel mekânı gündelik hayat ilişkileri bağlamında ele almak

istersek öncelikle insan, mekân ve kent ilişkisinin kavramsal düzeyde ortaya

konması gerekir. Sonrasında ilgili kentsel mekânın, içinde bulunduğu kentle ve

o kentin insanıyla ilişkisinin belirtilmesi; daha sonra ise gözlemlenen

gündelik rutinlerin betimlenmesi gerekir. Bu makale de Konya Alâeddin Tepesi,

kent, aktörler ve gündelik hayat üçgeninde tahlil edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Çünkü Alâeddin Tepesi hem Konya’nın tarihi hem de günümüz kent hayatı açısından

merkezi bir konumdadır. Bir kentsel mekân olarak önemi ise kentlilerin kent

merkezindeki gündelik deneyimlerinin en yoğun yaşandığı yer olmasındadır. En

belirgin gündelik örüntüler; yürüyüş, spor, eğlence ve boş zaman değerlendirme

amacıyla kentlilerin bir araya gelmesi şeklindeki deneyimlerdir.
Prens Sabahaddin Düşüncesinin Türk Sosyal ve Siyasal Düşünce Tarihindeki Temsiliyeti: Liberalizm mi? Muhafazakârlık mı?
Authors: SUCU İlyas
Published: January 2019

Prens Sabahaddin ülkemizde sosyolojinin ilk ve önemli kurucularındandır. Onun İlm-i İçtima’sı, Ziya Gökalp’ın İçtimaiyat’ı ile birlikte Türk sosyolojinde iki ana akım sosyoloji ekolünden biri olagelmiştir. Prens Sabahaddin ismi sosyolojinin yanı sıra aynı zamanda Türk siyasetinin de önemli isimlerinden biri olarak bilinmektedir. 1902’deki I. Jöntürk Kongresi’yle başlayan merkeziyetçiler ve adem-i merkeziyetçiler ayrımından bu yana, Prens Sabahaddin Türk siyasal düşünce hayatında liberal bir düşünce geleneğinin öncülerinden kabul edilmektedir. Merkeziyetçi/otoriter iktidar biçimleriyle olan siyasi mücadelesi göz önüne alındığında liberalizm içerisinde değerlendirilebilecek olan Prens Sabahaddin düşüncesi, müntesibi olduğu ‘Sosyal Bilim’ Ekolü’nün fikriyatı ile birlikte ele alındığında ise belirgin olarak muhafazakâr öğeler barındırmaktadır. Prens Sabahaddin’in ‘Sosyal Bilim’ anlayışının bizzat ideolojileri dışlayan tutumuna karşın, onun hem liberalizmin hem de muhafazakâr ideolojinin kimi öğretilerini ülkenin düşünce sistemine bilinçsizce de olsa taşıdığı ve bu bağlamda her iki ideoloji içerisinde de konumlandırılabileceği düşünülebilir.
Hitit Devleti ile Vassalları Arasında Yapılan Antlaşmalarda Vassallara Getirilen Yükümlülükler
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Caner
Published: January 2019

MÖ II. binyılda Anadolu’da Kızılırmak Nehri’nin oluşturduğu çekirdek bölge

başta olmak üzere bu bölgede yaşamış ve Eski Yakın Doğu’nun en büyük

imparatorluklarından birini kurmuş olan Hititler, bu imparatorluğu 450 yıl

boyunca ayakta tutmayı başarmışlardır. Hitit Devleti’nin asıl kurucusunun I.

Hattušili (MÖ 1650-1620) olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Hattušili, günümüzde

Çorum’a bağlı ve 82 km uzağında bulunan Boğazköy’deki Hattuşa’yı kendine

başkent yapmıştır. Hitit idari sistemi genel yapısıyla incelendiğinde iki

farklı yapı bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri vassal statü ile krallığa

bağlanmış bölgeler, diğeri ise doğrudan merkeze bağlı olarak yönetilen

bölgelerdir. Hitit kralları kendilerine vassal statü ile bağlanmış merkezden

uzakta bulunan eyaletleri, kendilerine mutlak sadakat ile bağlı olan güvenilir

hanedan üyeleri veya Hitit Kralına yakın bölgenin ileri gelenlerinden birisini

vassal kral olarak atayarak yönetirlerdi. Hititlerdeki vassal devlet

yapılanmasının I. Šuppiluliuma tarafından oluşturulduğu ve II. Muršili

zamanında da geliştiği gözlenmektedir. Yapılan vassal antlaşmalardan 6’şar

adeti I. Šuppiluliuma ve II. Muršili tarafından, 3’ü III. Hattušili, 2’şer

adeti II. Muwatalli ve IV.Tuthaliya tarafından, diğer 1’er adeti ise II.

Tuthaliya ve II. Šuppiluliuma tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu makale, Hitit

krallarının vassalları ile yapmış oldukları tüm antlaşmaların içeriğinin

incelenerek, bu antlaşmalarla vassallara getirilen benzer ve farklı

yükümlülükleri topluca sunmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
İçbatı Anadolu’da Kutsal Bir Dağ: Murat Dağı (Dindymos)
Authors: OY Harun
Published: January 2019

Murat Dağı İçbatı Anadolu’da yer alan önemli bir dağdır. Kütahya ve Uşak

illeri arasında bulunan Murat Dağı’ndan antikçağ yazarları kutsal sayılan

Dindymos dağı olarak söz etmektedir. Murat Dağı, Phryg tanrıçası Kybele’nin

(Magna Mater, Kutsal Ana) dağıdır. Batı Anadolu’nun önemli nehirlerinden olan

Gediz nehrinin (Hermos) kaynağı Murat Dağı’ndan çıkmaktadır. Antikçağdaki

öneminin yanı sıra prehistorik dönemlerde de bulunduğu bölgede önemli olan bir

dağdır. Batı Anadolu’daki konumu nedeniyle Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya ve Uşak

coğrafyasında ulaşımı etkilemektedir. Antikçağda Susa’dan başlayıp Sardeis’e

kadar uzanan “Kral Yolu” Murat Dağı’nın güneyinden geçmektedir. Antikçağ

kentlerinden Aizanoi (Çavdarhisar), Kadoi (Gediz), Uşak (Temenouthyrai),

Akmonia (Ahatköy-Banaz) gibi önemli kentler arasındaki bağlantılar Murat

Dağı’nın etrafından geçerek sağlanmaktadır. Bulunduğu coğrafyayı, kentleri,

insanları etkilemiş ve bölgesinde kutsal kabul edilmiş bir dağdır. Günümüzde de

zengin orman varlığıyla beraber, Gediz, Büyük Menderes, Sakarya gibi önemli

nehirleri besleyen su kaynakları Murat Dağı’ndan çıkmaktadır.
Halepli Zeki Paşa’nın Almanya’daki Görevi Üzerine
Authors: MARTTİN Volkan
Published: January 2019

Bu makalede Halepli Zeki Paşa’nın Alman İmparatoru nezdinde Osmanlı Padişahının “murahhas”ı olarak üstlendiği görevi esnasındaki faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada ağırlıklı şekilde askerî arşiv kayıtları kullanılarak Zeki Paşa’nın murahhaslık görevinin mahiyetinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. 1914 yılının son aylarında başlayan Zeki Paşa’nın misyonunun Birinci Dünya Savaşı bitene kadar devam ettiği düşünüldüğünde, Osmanlı Devleti ile Almanya arasındaki çeşitli konulardaki görüş ve düşüncelerin birlikteliği veya ayrılığı ana eksende ele alınmıştır. Yazışma konularının, cephelerdeki durum, müttefikliğe ilişkin meseleler ve Enver Paşa’nın savaşın seyrine dair görüş ve önerilerinin Alman makamlarına ulaştırılması başlıklarında yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Enver Paşa’nın savaşın seyrine ilişkin yaptığı isabetli tespitlerin ve savaş taktiklerinin başta Ludendorff olmak üzere Alman Genel Karargâhına iletilmesinde Zeki Paşa’nın üstlendiği görev, savaşa dair karar alma süreçlerinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin rolü bakımından önemlidir. Savaştan sonra İngiliz istihbarat belgelerinde geçen Zeki Paşa’nın görevine ve özellikle Enver Paşa’ya bağlı olduğuna ilişkin bilgiler, bu görevin yan etkisi olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Actual issues of diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Goloshubina V. V. , Ivanova D. S.
Published: January 2019

The problem of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains relevant for practice internist and gastroenterologist, as evidenced by the large number of publications in recent years on this issue, affecting various aspects of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of IBS. The article describes the evolution of diagnostic criteria for IBS as part of an international consensus «Rome criteria». Lack of effect of the treatment of IBS ex juvantibus often not a consequence of an incorrect diagnosis, and due to the presence in the patient’s intestinal disorders microbiocenosis. In this situation, it is expedient to correct the microbial landscape of the intestine with the use of probiotic agents. Efficacy in reducing the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome has reliably demonstrated specific strains of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium infantis 35624.
New ideas about functional intestinal disorders and the place of modern probiotics in their treatment
Authors: Minushkin О. N.
Published: January 2019

The article presents new definitions of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (Roman criteria IV) and irritable bowel syndrome (from the section of functional disorders of the intestine). Modern pathogenetic links of IBS and changes in intestinal flora as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms are considered. The use of probiotics in the treatment of IBS is considered and the data of effective treatment of 520 patients (IBS-diarrhea: 120 children and 400 adults) with the new multiprobiotic Bac-Set are presented.
Reliable choice in therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on alogliptin
Authors: Petunina N. A. , Terekhova A. L.
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the possibilities and benefits of early combination therapy and the application features of a fixed-dose combination of metformin and alogliptin (Vipdomet®) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2).
Optimization of rehabilitation measures after artificial abortion as the result of immunomodulator aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium apply in comprehensive therapy
Authors: Voroshilova E. A.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of a comparative randomized study, the purpose of which was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium (Galavit, LLC SELVIM, Russia) in the treatment of patients undergoing an abortion. Included in the study, 48 women were divided into two groups, 24 patients of the main group in addition to the standard rehabilitation were treated with aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium in the comparison group – 24 patients underwent only standard rehabilitation. In this study, all patients (100%) of the main group who were treated with aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium in addition to the standard therapy marked reduction of the clinical symptoms of the disease and positive dynamics was observed at ultrasound. In the control group, the full clinical effect of treatment was observed only in 10 patients (52.6%). 9 women (47,4%) required repeated therapy. Ultrasound studies in 12 patients (63.2%) showed changes equivalent to endometritis.
Non-classical effects of sildenafil in clinical medicine: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Tyuzikov I. A. , Smirnov A. V. , Smirnova L. V. , Lesnikova I. V.
Published: January 2019

Based on the results of modern clinical and experimental studies, the review article discusses issues of pharmacotherapeutic feasibility, pathogenetic validity and safety of the first and most studied phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor – sildenafil – in general clinical practice according to «non-classical» (non-erectogenic) indications in the framework of an interdisciplinary approach modern medicine. As it is known, at present, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are both the «first line» therapy for treating erectile dysfunction (as monotherapy), as well as an effective option for monotherapy or combined pharmacotherapy of lower urinary tract symptoms on the background of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with erectile dysfunction. However, given the universality and fundamentality of the mechanisms of their pharmacological action (first of all, the effect on the metabolism of one of the key vasomodulators of the vascular bed, nitric oxide NO), the list of potential and promising indications for prescribing these drugs is constantly expanding due to the presence of various «non-classical» (non-erectogenic) effects, which makes them very attractive for wider application not only in urological practice, but also in other medical specialties. The article describes in more detail and purposefully the accumulated to date scientific and practical data on the effectiveness of the use and potential mechanisms of action of sildenafil in cardiology, endocrinology, neurology, nephrology, obstetrics and gynecology, andrological reproductology and oncology, and also presents the results of studies confirming its safety in the treatment of relevant specialized diseases.
Pharmacogenetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: existing problems for clinical practice
Authors: Leonova M. V. , Alimova E. E.
Published: January 2019

NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice for pain relief in various diseases. To date, considerable scientific material has been accumulated on the pharmacogenetics of NSAIDs and the role of genetic factors that can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, changing the efficacy and toxicity profile. The most clinically significant changes in pharmacokinetics in carriers of slow alleles of CYP2C9*3 have been identified for celecoxib and flurbiprofen, which determines the need for testing and lowering of drug doses. Studies were carried out to study the role of polymorphism of the metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C8, UGT in the development of gastrotoxicity and gastrointestinal bleeding during application NSAIDs, as well as diclofenac’s hepatotoxicity. The association of «slow» alleles CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2,*3 with the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAID use, which are substrates of CYP2C9 and CYP2C8, is shown. The effect of variants of alleles PTGS1 (gene COX-1) and PTGS2 (gene COX-2) on pharmacodynamics, efficacy and toxicity of NSAIDs, in particular, the severity of the analgesic effect and cardiotoxicity of the drugs, was studied. In this way, pharmacogenetic predictors of adverse effects that patients can experience, and the need for dose adjustment based on the patient’s genotype, or individualizing the choice of alternative NSAIDs to increase the effectiveness of analgesia, have been determined.
Sociological portrait of russian specialists in ayurvedic medicine
Authors: Serova V. A. , Sorokin O. V. , Subotialov О. V.
Published: January 2019

An anonymous sociological survey of 89 doctors and specialists from different cities and regions of the Russian Federation practicing ayurvedic methods was conducted. It is shown that this contingent in sociological terms differs little from «ordinary» colleagues, they have sufficient both general medical and «ayurvedic» experience, and are convinced by personal experience of the effectiveness of Ayurvedic methods.
Magnesium and vitamin B2 supplementation is an important nutritional resource of sports medicine
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Sorokina M. A. , Gromov A. N.
Published: January 2019

The supply of the with magnesium and vitamin B2 is essential to maintain the energy metabolism of cells, hormonal balance, endurance, immunity, cardiovascular health of athletes. As a result, by increasing the availability of these micronutrients, it is possible to increase maximum aerobic power, achieve better sports results and stimulate adequate recovery after competition or after intensive training. A promising way to increase the supply of athletes with magnesium and vitamin B2 is the use of aqueous solutions of magnesium citrate in combination with riboflavin.
Psychovegetative syndrome: challenges in diagnosis and effective treatment
Authors: Kotova О. V. , Akarachkova E. S. , Belyaev A. A.
Published: January 2019

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS) includes the somatic (autonomic) function disorders of various origin and manifestations caused by their neurogenic regulation disorder. When establishing the diagnosis of ADS, the doctor most often implies psychovegetative syndrome (PVS), which is discussed in this article. Despite the fact that the ADS is not an independent nosological unit, most doctors use this term to provide the syndromic description of psychogenic polysystemic autonomic disorders. The ADS is mostly caused by mental disturbances of anxiety or anxiety-depressive nature within the neurotic, stress-related disorders, less often by an endogenous disease. The article describes the features of the ADS clinic picture, and focuses on hyperventilation syndrome. It discusses a clinical case of a patient with ADS (with florid hyperventilation syndrome), who was treated ineffectively with antidepressants. The authors also describe options for treating patients with ADS using a neuroleptic agent ziprasidone.
Pharmacoeconomic aspects of the use of bronchodilators in the management of COPD: real clinical practice
Authors: Balunov Р. A. , Khitrov A. N.
Published: January 2019

Today, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth global cause of deaths worldwide. A number of studies showed that 11 to 16 million people might suffer from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Russia. The prevalence and high mortality of this disease lead to a significant socio-economic burden. A pharmacoeconomic comparison of two alternative drug technologies in the studied groups grants the reasonable opportunity to transfer patients to the domestic analogues, confirming that efficiency unit costs for using Tiotropium-native and Ipraterol-native are lower than the same costs for using the foreign drugs Spiriva and Berodual.
MEN AVOIDING LOVE IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S VICTORY AND YUSUF ATILGAN’S AN IDLE MAN
Authors: TÜZÜN Hatice Övgü
Published: January 2019

As profoundly self-conscious and reflective men, Axel Heyst in Joseph Conrad’s Victory and C. in Yusuf Atılgan’s Idle Man are immobilized and incapacitated by their excessive reflective faculty and suffer from disappointment in their romantic relationships due to their avoidant attachment styles. Lacking a caring mother figure who could provide them with loving compassion, they are brought up by emotionally unavailable fathers who are clearly not attuned to the needs of their sons. So while growing up their attachment needs are clearly not met by their primary caregiver who neglects and occasionally abuses them instead. Growing up to become “avoidant” adults, they experience problems with intimacy, invest little in social and romantic relationships and are unable or unwilling to share thoughts and feelings with others. In what follows, I will examine comparatively the psychological dynamics underlying Heyst’s and C.’s avoidant attachment styles and explore how their gender performances are fraught with anxieties and insecurities. Ultimately, I argue that the traumatic deprivations of Heyst’s and C.’ childhoods significantly hamper their ability to form strong and lasting emotional bonds, making it impossible for them to find satisfaction in romantic relationships.
Public water supply and sanitation policies and inclusive development of the urban poor in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Raquel , Gupta Joyeeta , Pouw Nicky R. M. , Schwartz Klaas
Published: January 2019

Poorly designed policies jeopardise ecosystems and their services and the expansion of basic services to vulnerable populations. In the water and sanitation (WatSan) sector, inadequate access of the urban poor to formal and public drinking water supply and sanitation services (WSS) calls for more inclusive policies. Inclusive development (ID) has social, environmental and relational dimensions. However, there is little research on operationalising ID dimensions in WatSan policy discourse analysis. Hence, this paper addresses: How can we elaborate on indicators for inclusive WatSan policies? How can these be applied to assess the design of Brazilian WatSan policies? It examines the literature on ID and WatSan, develops and applies an analytical framework with six indicators to assess ID in WSS through policy analysis: access to minimum WSS; access to WSS even if the urban poor do not have formal housing; domestic wastewater collection/treatment; water availability; participation; and WSS subsidies for low-income people. Comparison between two Brazilian WatSan policies shows that the current WatSan law scores higher on ID than the previous law but neglects key aspects of social, environmental and relational ID dimensions. The selected indicators were useful to operationalise ID in WatSan policy discourse analysis and can boost policy design assessment elsewhere.
The weak data on the water–energy nexus in Spain
Authors: Sesma-Martín Diego , Rubio-Varas M. d. Mar
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on the fact that the water–energy nexus remains an irrelevant issue on the energy policy agenda and on the priorities of the energy leaders in Spain. This is a striking fact given that this takes place in the most arid country in Europe, where almost two-thirds of electricity generation would have to be halted in the absence of an adequate water supply. We contend that part of the explanation may lie in the lack of official statistics and inconsistent sources of information on the water–energy nexus in Spain. To illustrate this point, we provide examples of the uneven data available for one of the most intensive freshwater users in the thermoelectric sector in Spain: nuclear power plants. Our research demonstrates the need for improved indicators as policy instruments in the water–energy nexus in Spain since it is impossible to improve what cannot be measured.
High Throughput Metabolomics in Clinical Studies: Review and New Applications to Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Clendenen Nathan , D'Alessandro Angelo
Published: January 2019

Metabolomic analysis has made substantial contributions to the understanding of diverse
pathological processes and has the potential to improve diagnosis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
As early success in perinatal medicine, nutrition, chronic diseases, cancer and trauma demonstrates,
metabolomics is approaching feasibility in terms of guiding improvement in population-level diagnosis
and treatment. A key barrier to implementing metabolomics as a routine diagnostic tool is rapid sample
extraction and data analysis along with the establishment of normal values for novel metabolic markers.
This review covers key advancements in clinical metabolomics and applies a high throughput metabolomics
method as a proof of principle to identify novel metabolites associated with remote
ischemic preconditioning.
MENEROPONG PEMIKIRAN MARK JUERGENSMEYER TENTANG IDENTITAS AGAMA ANTI GLOBAL
Authors: Ummah Sun Choirol
Published: January 2019

Agama antiglobal dalam cermatan Mark Juergensmeyer merupakan perwujudandari gerakan dalam agama yang anti-Westernisme. Gerakan agama ini membencimodernitas ala Barat jenis apa pun, baik dalam eksploitasi ekonomi, politik, maupunbudaya. Anehnya, gerakan agama ini skeptis dalam memandang modernisme, sekularisme,dan individualisme. Gerakan ini justru mengadopsi teknologi dan sistem moneter modernala Barat. Tidak hanya itu, gerakan ini juga mengklaim bahwa nasionalisme religious dinegara-bangsa modern merupakan ide bentukannya. Pada kenyataannya, gerakan agamaini justru mengalami kerancuan dalam memahami antara konsep westernisasi, modernisasidan globalisasi, hingga seolah ia kehilangan identitas dirinya. Identitas agama dianggappenting karena menjadi spirit, dasar pijakan, visi, dan misi sebuah gerakan.The antiglobal religion in Mark Juergensmeyer’s view is the embodiment of the anti-Westernism movement. This religious movement hates any kind of Western-stylemodernity, both in economic, political and cultural exploitation. Strangely, this religiousmovement was skeptical in viewing modernism, secularism and individualism. Thismovement actually adopted technology and a modern Western-style monetary system. Notonly that, this movement also claimed that religious nationalism in the modern nation-statewas an idea formed. In fact, this religious movement actually experienced confusion inunderstanding between the concepts of westernization, modernization and globalization,until it seemed that it lost its identity. Religious identity was considered important becauseit became the spirit, foundation, vision and mission of a movement.
KIAI PESANTREN DAN PEMIKIRANNYA TENTANG NUSYUZ (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN JEMBER)
Authors: Ikrom Mohamad
Published: January 2019

Kiai Pesantren tidak sekadar guru. Ia juga menjadi tempat berkeluh kesah semuapersoalan masyarakat. Termasuk dalam masalah perkawinan. Termasuk dalampersoalan perkawinan. Salah satu persoalan itu adalah tentang nusyuz. Nusyuzseringkali ditimpakan pada seorang perempuan (istri) yang seringkali meninggalkanpersoalan relasi gender. Penelitian lapangan ini memotret pandangan Kiai Pesantren diJember Jawa Timur tentang nusyuz. Penelitian kualitatif ini menemukan bahwakefariatifan berfikir Kiaia dapat dilihat dari cara-cara mereka berpendapat yangkemudian oleh peneliti dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Bayani, Qiyasi,Istislahi. Dan dari hasil analisis tersebut ditemukan dua metode istinbath yangdigunakan oleh para kiai Jember, yaitu; istinbath bayani dan istinbath istislahi. Terkaitdengan adanya penafsiran ayat nusyuz, penelitian ini menemukan dua corak penafsiranyaitu (1) corak penafsiran tekstual yang terekam lewat kekakuan mereka ketikamenafsirkan ayat nusyuz, dan lebih menitik beratkan kepada kekuasaan seorang suamiuntuk melakukan sebuah tindakan kepada seorang istri. (2) corak penafsirankontekstual terlihat lewat penafsiran mereka yang lebih cenderung kepada pengkajianulang terhadap ayat-ayat nusyuz sehingga terkesan bahwa nusyuz tidak hanya dimilikioleh istri. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya pro dan kontra terhadap pemikiran nusyuzyang lebih humanis.Head of boarding school (Kiai Pesantren) is not just a teacher. He also became a place tocomplain about all the problems of the community. Included in the issue of marriage. Includedin the issue of marriage. One of the problems is about Nusyuz. Nusyuz is often inflicted on awoman (wife) who often leaves the issue of gender relations. This field research portrays theviews of Kiai Islamic Boarding Schools in Jember, East Java, about Nusyuz. This qualitativeresearch found that the effectiveness of Kiaia's thinking can be seen from the ways they arguedthat the researchers then analyzed it using the Bayani, Qiyasi, Istislahi method. And from theresults of the analysis found two istinbath methods used by the Jember scholars, namely;istinbath bayani and istinbath istislahi. In connection with the interpretation of the nusyuzverse, this study found two interpretive features, namely (1) the style of textual interpretation recorded through their rigidity when interpreting the verse nusyuz, and more focused on thepower of a husband to take an action to a wife. (2) the style of contextual interpretation can beseen through their interpretation which is more inclined to a reassessment of the nusyuz versesso that it seems that nusyuz is not only owned by the wife. This is due to the existence of prosand cons of the more humanistic thoughts of Nusyuz.
Apendix
Authors: Setiawan Benni
Published: January 2019

Author Guidlines dan Cover Belakang
PENANAMAN KESADARAN SEJARAH DAN SIKAP NASIONALISME DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI 2 BANGGAI
Authors: Lamato Sinyo A
Published: January 2019

Abstract: The purpose of the research is to reveal: (1) the reality of historical learning at SMAN 2 Banggai during this time, (2) to know the history of teacher efforts to create awareness of history and nationalism in historical learning at SMA Negeri 2 Banggai, and (3) to know constraints of the history teacher embed the a sense of history and nationalism at SMA Negeri 2 Banggai. The approach method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results showed : (a) learning based on KTSP in SMA 2 Banggai and teachers use varied methods and appropriate media learning materials, (b) instill a sense of history and nationalism in learning history through: (1) approach to students, (2) cultivating history for the development of national culture, (3) teachers more use varied learning methods, (4) implement activities of PPBN, (5) efforts to instill a sense of pride as a nation of Indonesia. Constraints history of teachers instill a sense of history and nationalism in learning history that (1) professionalism of teachers history, (2) limited allocation of time history lesson, (3)lLearning facilities and infrastructure, (4) the attitude of the students in the learning process, (5) the development of communication tools. Keywords: awareness of history, nationalism, historical learning
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI METODE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) DENGAN MEDIA MONOPOLI PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X IPS 2 SMA NEGERI 1 GODEAN
Authors: Suryadinata Yermia Rendy
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aims to (1) find out how to improve learning activeness of students of class X IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Godean in learning history through Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with monopoly media, (2) to know the advantages of application of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) with the monopoly media on the students of class X IPS 2 SMAN 1 Godean. This study is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) which occurs 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation, and reflection. Technique of collecting data obtained through observation, questionnaire and also research note. Data analysis uses qualitative analysis that includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that (1) Application of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with monopoly media can improve the learner activity of class X IPS 1 SMAN 1 Godean. Increased activity in the first cycle of 15.6% occurred from 59.55% to 75.15%. The increase in cycle II of 6.29% occurred from 75.15% to 81.44%. The advantages of applying the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the monopoly media include learners more actively in learning, raising the responsibility of learners to groups and themselves, and training cooperation with other students.Keywords: liveliness, learners, methods, teams games tournament (tgt).