bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Effect of Suitable Size of Shoes under the Second Metatarsal Head and Width of Shoes under the Fifth Metatarsal Head for the Prevention of Callus Formation in Healthy Young Women
Authors: Kase Ryutaro , Amemiya Ayumi , Okonogi Rena , Yamakawa Hiroki , Sugawara Hisayoshi , Tanaka Yuji L. , Komiyama Masatoshi , Mori Taketoshi
Published: September 2018

Excessive pressure and shear stress while walking cause a risk of callus formation, which eventually causes foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus. Callus under the second metatarsal head (MTH) has been associated with increased shear stress/pressure ratios (SPR). Callus under the fifth MTH has been associated with increased peak shear stress (PSS). The purpose of this study is to examine whether the effect of the suitable size and width of shoes prevents diabetic foot ulcers under the second and fifth MTH. We measured the pressure and shear stress by testing three kinds of sizes and two types of width of shoes. Significant difference was not observed in the SPR under the second MTH among different sizes of shoes. However, the pressure and shear stress were significantly lower when putting on shoes of fit size compared with larger sizes. The PSS under the fifth MTH was significantly smaller when putting on shoes of fit width compared with those of narrow width. Wearing shoes of fit size and width has the potential to prevent callus formation by reducing the pressure and shear stress constituting SPR under the second MTH and PSS under the fifth MTH.
Market Values and Youth Political Engagement in the UK: Towards an Agenda for Exploring the Psychological Impacts of Neo-Liberalism
Authors: Allsop Bradley , Briggs Jacqueline , Kisby Ben
Published: September 2018

This article seeks to develop a preliminary analysis of how neo-liberal thought and policies have impacted on youth political engagement in the UK, specifically by attempting to understand how macro-economic and other public policies can influence the individual psychology of citizens and their subsequent behaviour. The article sets out a clear definition and explanation of neo-liberalism and summarises six key neo-liberal impacts particularly pertinent to political engagement: marketisation and the tension this brings with democratic norms; responsibilisation narratives; increased inequality; the changing character of the state through privatisation and deregulation; the preference among policy-makers for ‘expert rule’; and repression of labour. It argues that the main psychological effects that result, and which underpin and define the personal experience of neo-liberal policy, are declines in political efficacy and increases in individualism, the ramifications of which for political engagement are discussed.
Estimating the Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Hosting Large-Scale Sport Tourism Events
Authors: Perić Marko
Published: September 2018

Large-scale sport events help attract a wide range of attendees, resulting in various implications for the host community. This paper is concerned with understanding the legacy of the 13th EHF European Handball Championship, held in Croatia in January 2018, by assessing the event’s economic and social benefits and costs. Drawing on the Social Exchange Theory, it also examines if any significant differences exist between host city residents and non-host city residents regarding their perceived impacts of this event on the host cities. The number of impacts was reduced by Exploratory Factor Analysis. Differences between host city and non-host city residents were examined by an independent samples t-test. The results suggest that community development and pride, security risks, traffic problems, economic benefits, environmental concerns, and economic costs are the main impact dimensions. Non-host city residents expressed a higher level of agreement with most of the impacts, but significant differences exist primarily within the dimensions of community development and pride, economic benefits, traffic problems, and environmental concerns. These findings could benefit event planners and sport marketers when trying to acquire community-wide support and to better understand how residents perceive both the positive and negative impacts that events generate.
Interdependence Evaluation between the Home Neighborhood and the City: How Socio-Spatial Categorization Impacts upon Residential Segregation
Authors: Najib Kawtar
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a socio-cognitive approach to how people assess the different neighborhoods of a city. The main objective is to show that beyond the meanings associated with each neighborhood, the way in which residents relate to and evaluate their own neighborhood and the city center influence how residents perceive and assess the other remaining neighborhoods of the city. The assessment of one neighborhood cannot be analyzed separately from the other neighborhoods. Cognitive processes of assimilation, contrast, contagion, and non-contagion contribute to the conceptualization of a city’s neighborhoods from the two main emotional and symbolic anchorages of residents. However, the implementation of these processes is conditioned by the socio-spatial situation of the interviewees. In this regard, a field survey of 320 residents was conducted in different neighborhoods of Besançon (in France), and allows us to show that the geographical anchorages of a resident’s own neighborhood and the city center are systematically more positively assessed than the other neighborhoods. The more these geographical anchorages are appreciated, the more the other neighborhoods are also positively assessed. The fact that it is impossible for a city’s neighborhoods to be autonomous is discussed in this paper in terms of socio-cognitive constructions of urban segregations.
The Effects of Health Status on Life Insurance Holdings in 16 European Countries
Authors: Tsendsuren Saruultuya , Li Chu-Shiu , Peng Sheng-Chang , Wong Wing-Keung
Published: September 2018

This study examines the relationships among three health status indicators (self-perceived health status, objective health status, and future health risk) and life insurance holdings in 16 European countries. Our results show that households with poor self-perceived health status and high future health risk are less likely to purchase life insurance in the entire sample as well as in the subsample for countries with a national health system (NHS). In non-NHS countries, those households that have high future health risk are less inclined to purchase life insurance. In terms of preferences for types of life insurance policies (term life, whole life, both, or none) in the whole sample, poor self-perceived health status and high future health risk are less inclined to hold only term life insurance policy. In addition, poor self-perceived health status and high future health risk have a negative impact on holdings of both types of life insurance. Our findings reveal that there is no adverse selection problem in the life insurance market, especially in European countries with NHS.
A Systematic Review of International Entrepreneurship Special Issue Articles
Authors: Perényi Áron , Losoncz Miklós
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the body of international entrepreneurship knowledge to identify key trends, research directions and emerging research topics. First, 21 systematic and 6 non-systematic review articles published between 1998 and 2018 are reviewed. The analysis of these 27 review articles explores the trends and directions of development in the field, and provides a set of dimensions for evaluating the body of literature. A systematic review of 126 special issue articles using these dimensions proceeds with an assessment of the breadth and depth of international entrepreneurship special issue literature, and provides validation for the key areas and directions of development for international entrepreneurship research. Trends identified include the convergence between international business and entrepreneurship literatures, the focus on SME internationalization and various forms of international new ventures and born globals. Later years show the emergence of comparative international entrepreneurship and comparative entrepreneurial internationalization as research topics, emphasizing the importance of integrating empirical evidence between countries and contexts. There is a gap in the body of knowledge regarding emerging and transitional country contexts. There is also more room for comparative research that could also support the adaptation and development of context specific theories, providing a future direction for international entrepreneurship researchers.
Assessing Soil Quality for Sustainable Cropland Management Based on Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Sets: A Case Study in the Lhasa River Valley, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dai Fuqiang , Lv Zhiqiang , Liu Gangcai
Published: September 2018

Ecologically fragile cropland soils and intensive agricultural production are characteristic of the valley area of the Tibetan Plateau. A systematic assessment of soil quality is necessary and important for improving sustainable cropland management in this area. This study aims to establish a minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality assessment and generate an integrated soil quality index for sustainable cropland management in the Tibetan Plateau. Soil samples were collected from the 0–20 cm depths of agricultural land in the middle and lower reaches of the Lhasa River. These samples were analyzed by routine laboratory methods. Significant differences were identified via statistical test between different soil types and land use types for each soil property. Principal component analysis was used to define a MDS of indicators that determine soil quality. Consequently, effective porosity, pH, total organic C, total N, available P, and catalase were identified as the final MDS. The soil quality index was obtained by the fuzzy-set membership function and the linear weighted additive method. The soil quality index differed significantly between the soil types and land use types. The soil quality can be ranked based on their indices in the following order: 1. Grain land with meadow soils, 2. Grain land with steppe soils, 3. Greenhouse vegetable land with fluvo-aquic soils, 4. Grain land with fluvo-aquic soils. The soils with higher soil quality indices exhibited better soil structure, higher nutrient contents, and superior resistance to water and nutrient loss. While the intensive tillage practices associated with vegetable production could reduce the values for effective porosity, pH and catalase, the application of appropriate fertilizers increased the values for total organic C, total N and available P. Therefore, the MDS method is an effective and useful tool to identify the key soil properties for assessing soil quality, and provides guidance on adaptive cropland management to a variety of soil types and land use types.
An Analysis of the Eco-Innovation Mechanism and Policies in the Pulp and Paper Industry Based on Coupled Game Theory and System Dynamics
Authors: MA Lin , HU Jiayu
Published: September 2018

The environment is the basis for the living and development of the human, and eco-innovation is the key driver of new economic growth. However, for some underdeveloped regions in China, it is still a challenge for the local government to get a balance between the goals of economic and environment. The paper selects the pulp and paper industry, which creates tremendous pollution to the environment and is closely related to the daily life. According to the particular characteristics of pulp and paper industry in Sichuan Province, the industry of pulp and paper of bamboo is redesigned to improve the local ecosystem, while increasing the income of local farmers. From the perspective of game theory, the relationships between the government, the enterprise, and the farmers are analyzed. The result shows that government increases the subsidy and penalty to the enterprise, which can increase the investment in eco-innovation, enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises and raising the income of farmers. Moreover, it can also improve the ecologically fragile areas by the utilization of bamboo park. In addition, in this paper, a system dynamics model is proposed to explore the impact of different policies on the environment. The results show that increasing the subsidy is a more efficient way to protect the environment, and is one of the important drivers to eco-innovation in some underdeveloped regions in China.
Secure Resolving Sets in a Graph
Authors: Subramanian Hemalathaa , Arasappan Subramanian
Published: September 2018

Let G = (V, E) be a simple, finite, and connected graph. A subset S = {u1, u2, …, uk} of V(G) is called a resolving set (locating set) if for any x ∈ V(G), the code of x with respect to S that is denoted by CS (x), which is defined as CS (x) = (d(u1, x), d(u2, x), .., d(uk, x)), is different for different x. The minimum cardinality of a resolving set is called the dimension of G and is denoted by dim(G). A security concept was introduced in domination. A subset D of V(G) is called a dominating set of G if for any v in V – D, there exists u in D such that u and v are adjacent. A dominating set D is secure if for any u in V – D, there exists v in D such that (D – {v}) ∪ {u} is a dominating set. A resolving set R is secure if for any s ∈ V – R, there exists r ∈ R such that (R – {r}) ∪ {s} is a resolving set. The secure resolving domination number is defined, and its value is found for several classes of graphs. The characterization of graphs with specific secure resolving domination number is also done.
Lorentzian Lattices and E-Polytopes
Authors: Clingher Adrian , Lee Jae-Hyouk
Published: September 2018

We consider certain E n -type root lattices embedded within the standard Lorentzian lattice Z n + 1 ( 3 ≤ n ≤ 8 ) and study their discrete geometry from the point of view of del Pezzo surface geometry. The lattice Z n + 1 decomposes as a disjoint union of affine hyperplanes which satisfy a certain periodicity. We introduce the notions of line vectors, rational conic vectors, and rational cubics vectors and their relations to E-polytopes. We also discuss the relation between these special vectors and the combinatorics of the Gosset polytopes of type ( n − 4 ) 21 .
Neutrosophic Cubic Power Muirhead Mean Operators with Uncertain Data for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Hassan Nasruddin , Mahmood Tahir
Published: September 2018

The neutrosophic cubic set (NCS) is a hybrid structure, which consists of interval neutrosophic sets (INS) (associated with the undetermined part of information associated with entropy) and single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) (associated with the determined part of information). NCS is a better tool to handle complex decision-making (DM) problems with INS and SVNS. The main purpose of this article is to develop some new aggregation operators for cubic neutrosophic numbers (NCNs), which is a basic member of NCS. Taking the advantages of Muirhead mean (MM) operator and power average (PA) operator, the power Muirhead mean (PMM) operator is developed and is scrutinized under NC information. To manage the problems upstretched, some new NC aggregation operators, such as the NC power Muirhead mean (NCPMM) operator, weighted NC power Muirhead mean (WNCPMM) operator, NC power dual Muirhead mean (NCPMM) operator and weighted NC power dual Muirhead mean (WNCPDMM) operator are proposed and related properties of these proposed aggregation operators are conferred. The important advantage of the developed aggregation operator is that it can remove the effect of awkward data and it considers the interrelationship among aggregated values at the same time. Furthermore, a novel multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method is established over the proposed new aggregation operators to confer the usefulness of these operators. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Interactions between Triterpenes and a P-I Type Snake Venom Metalloproteinase: Molecular Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Preciado Lina María , Pereañez Jaime Andrés , Azhagiya Singam Ettayapuram Ramaprasad , Comer Jeffrey
Published: September 2018

Small molecule inhibitors of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) could provide a means to rapidly halt the progression of local tissue damage following viperid snake envenomations. In this study, we examine the ability of candidate compounds based on a pentacyclic triterpene skeleton to inhibit SVMPs. We leverage molecular dynamics simulations to estimate the free energies of the candidate compounds for binding to BaP1, a P-I type SVMP, and compare these results with experimental assays of proteolytic activity inhibition in a homologous enzyme (Batx-I). Both simulation and experiment suggest that betulinic acid is the most active candidate, with the simulations predicting a standard binding free energy of Δ G ∘ = − 11.0 ± 1.4 kcal/mol. The simulations also reveal the atomic interactions that underlie binding between the triterpenic acids and BaP1, most notably the electrostatic interaction between carboxylate groups of the compounds and the zinc cofactor of BaP1. Together, our simulations and experiments suggest that occlusion of the S1 ′ subsite is essential for inhibition of proteolytic activity. While all active compounds make hydrophobic contacts in the S1 ′ site, β -boswellic acid, with its distinct carboxylate position, does not occlude the S1 ′ site in simulation and exhibits negligible activity in experiment.
Dinophysis acuta in Scottish Coastal Waters and Its Influence on Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Profiles
Authors: Swan Sarah C. , Turner Andrew D. , Bresnan Eileen , Whyte Callum , Paterson Ruth F. , McNeill Sharon , Mitchell Elaine , Davidson Keith
Published: September 2018

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins produced by the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are a major problem for the shellfish industry worldwide. Separate species of the genus have been associated with the production of different analogues of the okadaic acid group of toxins. To evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of Dinophysis species and toxins in the important shellfish-harvesting region of the Scottish west coast, we analysed data collected from 1996 to 2017 in two contrasting locations: Loch Ewe and the Clyde Sea. Seasonal studies were also undertaken, in Loch Ewe in both 2001 and 2002, and in the Clyde in 2015. Dinophysis acuminata was present throughout the growing season during every year of the study, with blooms typically occurring between May and September at both locations. The appearance of D. acuta was interannually sporadic and, when present, was most abundant in the late summer and autumn. The Clyde field study in 2015 indicated the importance of a temperature front in the formation of a D. acuta bloom. A shift in toxin profiles of common mussels (Mytilus edulis) tested during regulatory monitoring was evident, with a proportional decrease in okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and an increase in dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2) occurring when D. acuta became dominant. Routine enumeration of Dinophysis to species level could provide early warning of potential contamination of shellfish with DTX2 and thus determine the choice of the most suitable kit for effective end-product testing.
Considerations for Optimization of High-Throughput Sequencing Bioinformatics Pipelines for Virus Detection
Authors: Lambert Christophe , Braxton Cassandra , Charlebois Robert L. , Deyati Avisek , Duncan Paul , La Neve Fabio , Malicki Heather D. , Ribrioux Sebastien , Rozelle Daniel K. , Michaels Brandye , Sun Wenping , Yang Zhihui , Khan Arifa S.
Published: September 2018

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has demonstrated capabilities for broad virus detection based upon discovery of known and novel viruses in a variety of samples, including clinical, environmental, and biological. An important goal for HTS applications in biologics is to establish parameter settings that can afford adequate sensitivity at an acceptable computational cost (computation time, computer memory, storage, expense or/and efficiency), at critical steps in the bioinformatics pipeline, including initial data quality assessment, trimming/cleaning, and assembly (to reduce data volume and increase likelihood of appropriate sequence identification). Additionally, the quality and reliability of the results depend on the availability of a complete and curated viral database for obtaining accurate results; selection of sequence alignment programs and their configuration, that retains specificity for broad virus detection with reduced false-positive signals; removal of host sequences without loss of endogenous viral sequences of interest; and use of a meaningful reporting format, which can retain critical information of the analysis for presentation of readily interpretable data and actionable results. Furthermore, after alignment, both automated and manual evaluation may be needed to verify the results and help assign a potential risk level to residual, unmapped reads. We hope that the collective considerations discussed in this paper aid toward optimization of data analysis pipelines for virus detection by HTS.
Ostreid Herpesvirus-1 Infects Specific Hemocytes in Ark Clam, Scapharca broughtonii
Authors: Xin Lusheng , Li Chen , Bai Changming , Wang Chongming
Published: September 2018

High levels of ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) were detected in hemocytes of OsHV-1 infected mollusks. Mollusk hemocytes are comprised of different cell types with morphological and functional heterogeneity. Granular cells are considered the main immunocompetent hemocytes. This study aimed to ascertain if OsHV-1 infects specific types of hemocytes in ark clams. Types of hemocytes were first characterized through microexamination and flow cytometry. In addition to a large group of red cells, there were three types of recognizable granular cells in ark clams. Type II granular cells were mostly found with OsHV-1 infection by transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination, and represented the hemocyte type that was susceptible to OsHV-1 infection. The subcellular location of OsHV-1 particles in apoptotic type II granular cells was further analyzed. Some OsHV-1 particles were free inside the apoptotic cells, which may contribute to OsHV-1 transmission among cells in the host, some particles were also found enclosed inside apoptotic bodies. Apoptosis is an important part of the host defense system, but might also be hijacked by OsHV-1 as a strategy to escape host immune attack. Following this investigation, a primary culture of type II granular cells with OsHV-1 infection would facilitate the research on the interaction between OsHV-1 and mollusk hosts.
Ocular Manifestations of Emerging Flaviviruses and the Blood-Retinal Barrier
Authors: Singh Sneha , Farr Dustin , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2018

Despite flaviviruses remaining the leading cause of systemic human infections worldwide, ocular manifestations of these mosquito-transmitted viruses are considered relatively uncommon in part due to under-reporting. However, recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) implicated in causing multiple ocular abnormalities, such as conjunctivitis, retinal hemorrhages, chorioretinal atrophy, posterior uveitis, optic neuritis, and maculopathies, has rejuvenated a significant interest in understanding the pathogenesis of flaviviruses, including ZIKV, in the eye. In this review, first, we summarize the current knowledge of the major flaviviruses (Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Japanese Encephalitis) reported to cause ocular manifestations in humans with emphasis on recent ZIKV outbreaks. Second, being an immune privilege organ, the eye is protected from systemic infections by the presence of blood-retinal barriers (BRB). Hence, we discuss how flaviviruses modulate retinal innate response and breach the protective BRB to cause ocular or retinal pathology. Finally, we describe recently identified infection signatures of ZIKV and discuss whether these system biology-predicted genes or signaling pathways (e.g., cellular metabolism) could contribute to the pathogenesis of ocular manifestations and assist in the development of ocular antiviral therapies against ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
Symbolic Regression-Based Genetic Approximations of the Colebrook Equation for Flow Friction
Authors: Praks Pavel , Brkić Dejan
Published: September 2018

Widely used in hydraulics, the Colebrook equation for flow friction relates implicitly to the input parameters; the Reynolds number, Re and the relative roughness of an inner pipe surface, ε/D with an unknown output parameter; the flow friction factor, λ; λ = f (λ, Re, ε/D). In this paper, a few explicit approximations to the Colebrook equation; λ ≈ f (Re, ε/D), are generated using the ability of artificial intelligence to make inner patterns to connect input and output parameters in an explicit way not knowing their nature or the physical law that connects them, but only knowing raw numbers, {Re, ε/D}→{λ}. The fact that the used genetic programming tool does not know the structure of the Colebrook equation, which is based on computationally expensive logarithmic law, is used to obtain a better structure of the approximations, which is less demanding for calculation but also enough accurate. All generated approximations have low computational cost because they contain a limited number of logarithmic forms used for normalization of input parameters or for acceleration, but they are also sufficiently accurate. The relative error regarding the friction factor λ, in in the best case is up to 0.13% with only two logarithmic forms used. As the second logarithm can be accurately approximated by the Padé approximation, practically the same error is obtained also using only one logarithm.
Irrigated Agriculture and the Cost Recovery Principle of Water Services: Assessment and Discussion of the Case of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain)
Authors: Expósito Alfonso
Published: September 2018

The Cost Recovery Principle (CRP) is considered by the European Union (EU) water policy as a substantial requirement for economic efficiency, transparency, fairness, and sustainability in the use of water resources. Nevertheless, the implementation of the CRP by EU Member States has encountered significant challenges, both theoretical and practical, especially regarding the accounting of environmental and resource costs related to water use by the agricultural sector. This paper aims to analyse the application of the CRP to the agricultural irrigation sector in Spain, based on the case study of the Guadalquivir River Basin. To this end, an assessment of the financial, environmental, and resource costs (and the corresponding cost recovery rates) of water services related to the irrigation sector was carried out for this specific river basin. Additionally, this study aimed to offer a much-needed discussion on the agricultural “exceptionalism” phenomenon regarding the application of the CRP at the moment when water and agricultural EU policies are being reviewed to guarantee a more sustainable development of agriculture when using such a strategic natural resource.
Streambank Erosion: Advances in Monitoring, Modeling and Management
Authors: Castro-Bolinaga Celso F. , Fox Garey A.
Published: September 2018

The special issue “Streambank Erosion: Monitoring, Modeling, and Management” presents recent progress and outlines new research directions through the compilation of 14 research articles that cover topics relevant to the monitoring, modeling, and management of this morphodynamic process. It contributes to our advancement and understanding of how monitoring campaigns can characterize the effect of external drivers, what the capabilities and limitations of numerical models are when predicting the response of the system, and what the effectiveness of different management practices is in order to prevent and mitigate streambank erosion and failure. The present editorial paper summarizes the main outcomes of the special issue, and further expands on some of the remaining challenges within the realm of monitoring, modeling, and managing streambank erosion and failure. First, it highlights the need to better understand the non-linear behavior of erosion rates with increasing applied boundary shear stress when predicting cohesive soil detachment, and accordingly, to adjust the computational procedures that are currently used to obtain erodibility parameters; and second, it emphasizes the need to incorporate process-based modeling of streambank erosion and failure in the design and assessment of stream restoration projects.
TERNARY FUEL MIXTURE OF DIESEL, RAPESEED OIL AND TYRE PYROLYTIC OIL SUITABLE FOR MODERN CRDI ENGINES
Authors: Ambrosewicz-Walacik Marta , Wierzbicki Sławomir , Mikulski Maciej , Podciborski Tomasz
Published: September 2018

The focus on seeking alternative fuels for combustion engines has been on the environmental and political scene for many years. Simultaneously there is a more and more serious problem of non-degradable waste utilization. In the present work an attempt has been made to asses both of those aspects by proposing a tailor-made, 3-component mixture consisting of mineral diesel, crude rapeseed oil and waste tyre pyrolytic oil. It was proven that the addition of pyrolytic oil can improve some basic drawbacks of rapeseed oil / diesel mixtures like high density and viscosity or low cold filter plugging point. On the basis of maximum bio-component share and optimum physicochemical properties a best fuel sample (40% mineral diesel oil, 55% rapeseed oil and 5% pyrolytic oil fraction) had been selected for engine tests, performed on a light-duty multi-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine with electronic, Common Rail (CR) injection system. The steady state tests were performed for two rotational speeds and two injection strategies (single and sequential fuel injection), for each of which a full load sweep was performed. The engine research included in-cylinder pressure analysis along with efficiency estimation and exhaust gas emission measurements. The research confirmed the assumption that the selected fuel mixture is suitable for modern CI engines. The specific fuel consumption was similar or lower for the tested fuel compared to standard diesel, except the cases were sequential injection was incorporated. Emissions remained on similar levels as for both fuels except Total HydroCarbons (THC) at sequential injection operation points, which correlated with lower fuel conversion efficiency.
THE APPLICATION OF THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO MULTI-CRITERIA WAREHOUSES LOCATION PROBLEMS ON THE LOGISTICS NETWORK
Authors: Izdebski Mariusz , Jacyna-Gołda Ilona , Wasiak Mariusz , Jachimowski Roland , Kłodawski Michał , Pyza Dariusz , Żak Jolanta
Published: September 2018

This paper presents multi-criteria warehouses location problem in the logistics network. In order to solve this problem the location model was developed. The limitations and optimization criteria of the model were determined. Optimization criteria refer to transportation costs, costs associated with warehouses, e.g.: local taxes, expenditure on starting the warehouse, the constant costs, the labour force costs, the purchase costs of the additional land for the expansion, the transition costs of the raw material via the warehouses. The final location of warehouse facilities was obtained using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm was developed in order to solve the multi-criteria warehouses location problem. This paper describes the stages of the genetic algorithm i.e. the stage of designating the initial population, the crossover and mutation process, the adaptation function. In this paper, the process of calibration of this algorithm was presented. The results of the genetic algorithm were compared with the random results.
On the Dynamic Nature of a Quiescent Prominence Observed by IRIS and MSDP Spectrographs
Authors: Ruan Guiping , Schmieder Brigitte , Mein Pierre , Mein Nicole , Labrosse Nicolas , Gunár Stanislav , Chen Yao
Published: September 2018

Quiescent solar prominences are generally considered to have a stable large-scale structure. However, they consist of multiple small-scale structures that are often significantly dynamic. To understand the nature of prominence plasma dynamics we use the high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution observations obtained by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) during a coordinated campaign with the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass spectrograph at the Meudon Solar Tower. Detailed analysis of the IRIS observations of Mg ii lines, including the analysis of Dopplershift and line width obtained with two different methods (quantile method and Gaussian-fit method) are discussed in the frame of the dynamic nature of the structures. Large-scale coherent blueshift and redshift features are observed in Mg ii lines and Hα exhibiting a slow evolution during 1:40 hr of observations. We explain the presence of several significantly asymmetric peaks in the observed Mg ii line profiles by the presence of several prominence fine structures moving with different velocities located along the line of sight (LOS). In such a case, the decrease of the intensity of individual components of the observed spectra with the distance from the central wavelength can be explained by the Doppler dimming effect. We show that C ii line profiles may be used to confirm the existence of multi-components along the LOS.
A Model-independent Test of Cosmic Isotropy with Low-z Pantheon Supernovae
Authors: Andrade Uendert , Bengaly Carlos A. P. , Santos Beethoven , Alcaniz Jailson S.
Published: September 2018

The assumption of homogeneity and isotropy on large scales is one of the main hypotheses of the standard cosmological model. In this paper, we revisit a test of cosmological isotropy using type Ia supernova (SN Ia) distances provided by the latest SN Ia compilation available, namely, the Pantheon compilation. We perform a model-independent analysis by selecting low-redshift subsamples lying in two redshift intervals, i.e., z ≤ 0.10 and z ≤ 0.20. By mapping the directional asymmetry of cosmological parameters across the sky, we show that the current SN Ia data favor the hypothesis of cosmic isotropy, as the anisotropy found in the maps can be mostly ascribed to the nonuniform sky coverage of the data rather than an actual cosmological signal. These results confirm that there is null evidence against the cosmological principle in the low-redshift universe.
The Recent Growth History of the Fornax Cluster Derived from Simultaneous Sloshing and Gas Stripping: Simulating the Infall of NGC 1404
Authors: Sheardown Alex , Roediger Elke , Su Yuanyuan , Kraft Ralph P. , Fish Thomas , ZuHone John A. , Forman William R. , Jones Christine , Churazov Eugene , Nulsen Paul E. J.
Published: September 2018

We derive the recent growth history of the Fornax Cluster, in particular the recent infall of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1404. We show, using a simple cluster minor merger simulation tailored to Fornax and NGC 1404, that a second or more likely third encounter between the two reproduces all the main merger features observed in both objects; we firmly exclude a first infall scenario. Our simulations reveal a consistent picture: NGC 1404 passed by NGC 1399 about 1.1–1.3 Gyr ago from the northeast to the southwest and is now almost at the point of its next encounter from the south. This scenario explains the sloshing patterns observed in Fornax—a prominent northern cold front and an inner southern cold front. This scenario also explains the truncated atmosphere, the gas-stripping radius of NGC 1404, and its faint gas tail. Independent of the exact history, we can make a number of predictions. A detached bow shock south of NGC 1404 should exist, which is a remnant of the galaxy’s previous infall at a distance from NGC 1404 between 450 and 750 kpc with an estimated Mach number between 1.3 and 1.5. The wake of NGC 1404 also lies south of the galaxy with enhanced turbulence and a slight enhancement in metallicity compared to the undisturbed regions of the cluster. Southwest of NGC 1404, there is likely evidence of old turbulence originating from the previous infall. No scenario predicts enhanced turbulence outside of the cold front northwest of the cluster center.
Lebensmitte und Wendepunkt. Der Zauberberg und seine Stellung im Gesamtwerk Thomas Manns
Authors: Wimmer Ruprecht
Published: September 2018

Parue peu avant le 50 e anniversaire de l’écrivain, La Montagne magique est, après Les Buddenbrook , le deuxième succès mondial de Thomas Mann. La genèse du roman prend place dans une phase marquée par un changement de cap. Après les œuvres de la première période qui tournent autour de l’ensemble constitué par les relations entre les idées de vie, d’esprit et d’art, la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale et de l’Empire wilhelminien débouche pour Thomas Mann sur une nouvelle dimension : celle d’une « République allemande », qui entraîne la nécessité de comprendre l’art comme un facteur politique englobant la totalité du social. La longue période qui conduit à la naissance de La Montagne magique (elle s’étend de 1912 à 1924) reflète cette évolution : dans la vision qui clôt le récit, le texte esquisse l’image d’une totalité sociale. Durant la seconde moitié de son existence, Thomas Mann demeure fidèle à cette perspective. L’émigration et la Seconde Guerre mondiale représentent certes des défis imprévisibles, mais les œuvres qui suivent, de la tétralogie de Joseph (1933-1943) au Docteur Faustus (1947) et à L’Élu (1951) en passant par l’épisode romanesque de Charlotte à Weimar (1939), combinent restitution de la réalité et espoir d’un monde nouveau où la vie en commun paraît possible.
Kriegsbilder und Kriegsbriefe Neuigkeiten zum Schluss des Zauberberg -Romans
Authors: Wißkirchen Hans
Published: September 2018

La Montagne magique de Thomas Mann porte la signature de son époque, elle est le reflet en art des bouleversements sociaux qui se sont produits durant sa genèse entre 1912 et 1924. Pourtant, le roman est, du point de vue chronologique et spatial, découplé de la réalité du temps. Thomas Mann comprend en effet la présence de l’histoire dans la littérature, non comme la restitution concrète d’évènements historiques réels, mais comme la description d’atmosphères spécifiques. Cette stratégie narrative est présente, condensée de manière impressionnante, à la fin de La Montagne magique qui, tout en demeurant pleinement dans l’univers esthétique du roman (le parcours initiatique du protagoniste), dépeint l’histoire du moment présent qui est celui du déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale. De ce point de vue une importance centrale revient à une source récemment mise au jour : les Lettres de guerre d’étudiants allemands , publiées par Philipp Witkop. Thomas Mann ne leur emprunte pas seulement, à la fin de son roman, les descriptions de la guerre, il découvre aussi, dans la tentative de Witkop en vue de donner du sens à la guerre par le choix de ces lettres, une orientation pour La Montagne magique marquée du sceau de l’ambivalence. Les réflexions authentiques des soldats traduisent certes une rupture avec les lieux communs guerriers et héroïques du xix e  siècle. Elles témoignent cependant aussi d’une fixation maintenue sur la nation. Ces lettres sont ainsi pour Thomas Mann un moyen de redoubler l’ambivalence de son héros qui, à la fin du récit, part pour la guerre alors même qu’il a surmonté sa « sympathie pour la mort ».
Schneetraum. Von Hans Castorps Ethik und vom Eros im Zauberberg
Authors: Crescenzi Luca
Published: September 2018

Le „Schneetraum“ dans La Montagne magique de Thomas Mann est un moment très hermétique du roman, qui cause de grandes difficultés aux interprètes. Quel sens lui donner? Comment ce chapitre s’intègre-t-il à la totalité du roman ? Comment doit-on interpréter ses symboles ? Cette étude se propose de répondre à ces questions en revenant au fond freudien du roman et au discours de Thomas Mann Von deutscher Republik de 1922.
„Er versucht sich in französischer Konversation“. Frankreich-Bilder in Thomas Manns Zauberberg
Authors: Marx Friedhelm
Published: September 2018

La présente contribution analyse les significations particulières qui sont associées à la France dans La Montagne magique de Thomas Mann. Dépassant la polémique contre la France et les Français qui caractérise Les Considérations d’un homme étranger à la politique , le roman fait éclater les virulents stéréotypes nationaux qui s’appliquent à ce qui est français, notamment à travers les personnages de Lodovico Settembrini et Clawdia Chauchat. Par le procédé d’hybridation des espaces et des personnages, les différences entre le propre et l’étranger tendent, au fur et à mesure que l’action progresse, à perdre de leur pertinence.
Des démarches de participation dans la fabrique d’un projet local d’éducation. Instruments d’action publique et discours éducatifs
Authors: Rancon Sidonie
Published: September 2018

Cet article présente une réflexion sur la « fabrique » des projets éducatifs locaux, en engageant une analyse croisée des procédures, des configurations d’acteurs et des discours portés, à travers elles, sur l’éducation. L’analyse est réalisée à partir de la description d’une démarche préfigurant la mise en œuvre d’un projet enfance-jeunesse, dans une commune périurbaine de la France métropolitaine. La description de ses modalités de réalisation, dans ses formes participatives , est l’occasion d’interroger les normativités qui se déploient à travers elles, les manières dont sont pensées les « questions éducatives ». Il s’agit de chercher à comprendre comment « la participation » réinterroge (ou non) les frontières de l’action publique d’éducation, la place de l’institution scolaire, ses missions, ses finalités et quelles définitions sont engagées sur « les problèmes à résoudre ».
Lieux, frontières et territoires : les professeurs et la fabrique des espaces éducatifs dans la réforme des rythmes scolaires
Authors: Thémines Jean-François
Published: September 2018

L’article propose une approche micro-géographique des espaces éducatifs dans le cadre de la réforme des rythmes scolaires. La méthodologie consiste en photographies commentées du travail enseignant grâce auxquelles les professeurs analysent les changements que cette réforme produit dans leurs rapports avec d’autres professionnels et des élus. Ces changements sont sensibles aux choix initiaux et aux orientations des élus, à l’héritage différencié d’une politique éducative locale ainsi qu’à la mobilisation des directions déconcentrées de l’Éducation nationale.
La formation en matière de violence. Enjeux et pratiques dans le contexte des soins en psychiatrie
Authors: de Miribel Julien
Published: September 2018

Cet article interroge la place de la violence sous l’angle des relations entre formation et travail en contexte psychiatrique. La violence y est un phénomène typique des rapports entre patients et soignants de telle sorte que chacun est tour à tour auteur et victime. Depuis les années 2000, considérant que la maladie mentale est assortie d’un risque de violence, les pouvoirs publics ont pris à ce sujet un tournant sécuritaire visant à protéger les soignants et qui se traduit dans certaines pratiques de formation. Cet article examine un dispositif local de formation adressé à des personnels de psychiatrie pour faire face aux crises d’« agressivité ». Si les participants semblent s’en approprier les contenus, l’efficacité et le bien-fondé de leur application en contexte de soins les interpellent. De plus, l’accent mis sur l’« agressivité » occulte d’autres formes d’expression de violence à l’œuvre dans les relations ordinaires en psychiatrie.
Louis Legrand, créateur de la recherche pédagogique à l’Institut pédagogique national
Authors: Best Francine
Published: September 2018

Louis Legrand commence à travailler à l’IPN en 1963, en devenant membre de la commission Rouchette pour la rénovation de l’enseignement du français à l’école élémentaire. Dès 1965 – avant, donc, d’assurer la succession de Roger Gal à la direction de la recherche de l’IPN – il organise une vaste expérimentation afin d’étayer les thèses de la rénovation. Malgré la méfiance du pouvoir à l’égard de l’IPN à partir de 1968, malgré aussi le tour un peu trop formaliste donné par l’apport de la linguistique structurale au plan de rénovation, la façon dont L. Legrand a animé les travaux de la commission Rouchette apparaît ainsi comme un véritable prototype du type de recherche en éducation qu’il a voulu impulser à l’IPN, devenu INRDP à partir de 1970 : recherche « en vue de l’action » au service d’une visée éducative globale (non réductible à ses aspects « didactiques ») et d’une démocratisation non seulement de l’école, mais, dans l’école, de l’appropriation du savoir par les élèves.
Louis Legrand et le positivisme
Authors: Kerlan Alain
Published: September 2018

En 1961, Louis Legrand publiait un ouvrage peu souvent cité : L’influence du positivisme dans l’œuvre scolaire de Jules Ferry . Les origines de la laïcité. Cette œuvre n’est pourtant nullement marginale dans sa pensée éducative et politique. Elle témoigne en effet de la part qu’y occupe la philosophie positive dans ses principales dimensions : épistémologique, politique, morale et religieuse. Étudiant l’œuvre de Jules Ferry à l’aune du positivisme, Louis Legrand poursuivait sa propre pensée éducative et traçait ainsi en creux un portrait intellectuel de lui-même ainsi qu’une analyse qui demeure d’actualité des difficultés que rencontre l’école.
Louis Legrand et l’éveil
Authors: Kahn Pierre
Published: September 2018

L’introduction en 1969 du « tiers temps pédagogique » et des « disciplines d’éveil » à l’école élémentaire relève d’une volonté de rénovation pédagogique dont Louis Legrand a été un des acteurs principaux. L’article examine le rôle qu’il a joué au sein de la commission de rénovation pédagogique instituée par Edgar Faure à la rentrée 1968. Il montre notamment la concordance existante entre les conclusions de la commission et les écrits pédagogiques de Legrand dans lesquels il se livre à une critique en règle de la pédagogie et de l’organisation des enseignements en vigueur dans les classes.