bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of oral administration of nonselective Trk inhibitor on bladder overactivity in rodent models of prostatic inflammation
Authors: Igarashi Taro , Mizoguchi Shinsuke , Matsuoka Kanako , Kamijo Tadanobu , Kawano Shota , Furuta Akira , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Kimura Takahiro , Pascal Laura E. , Wang Zhou , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: May 2024

Background

Our research focused on the assessment of the impact of systemic inhibition of Trk receptors, which bind to nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on bladder hypersensitivity in two distinct rodent models of prostatic inflammation (PI).

Methods

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 6 each): the control group (no PI, vehicle administration), the untreated group (PI, vehicle administration), and the treated group (PI, nonselective Trk inhibitor, GNF 5837, administration). PI in rats was induced by a intraprostatic injection of 5% formalin. Posttreatment, we carried out conscious cystometry and a range of histological and molecular analyses. Moreover, the study additionally evaluated the effects of a nonselective Trk inhibitor on bladder overactivity in a mouse model of PI, which was induced by prostate epithelium‐specific conditional deletion of E‐cadherin.

Results

The rat model of PI showed upregulations of NGF and BDNF in both bladder and prostate tissues in association with bladder overactivity and inflammation in the ventral lobes of the prostate. GNF 5837 treatment effectively mitigated these PI‐induced changes, along with reductions in TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and TRPV1 mRNA expressions in L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia. Also, in the mouse PI model, GNF 5837 treatment similarly improved bladder overactivity.

Conclusions

The findings of our study suggest that Trk receptor inhibition, which reduced bladder hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses in the prostate, along with a decrease in overexpression of Trk and TRPV1 receptors in sensory pathways, could be an effective treatment strategy for male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with PI and bladder overactivity.
Formation of Diamond Films with Different Grain Sizes on TiO2 Nanotubes and Its Field Emission Properties
Authors: Jia Shuntao , Yang Yihao , Hei Hongjun , Wu Yanxia , Shen Yanyan
Published: May 2024

Diamond films with different grain sizes are deposited on TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays prepared by anodic oxidation using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. The scanning electron microscope, X‐Ray diffractometer, and Raman results indicate that the diamond film is successfully deposited and that the substrate undergoes a phase transition due to the diamond deposition temperature, resulting in the rutile phase becoming dominant with lower energy bandgap and work function. Notably, after 5 h of deposition, a relatively continuous microcrystalline film is formed on the TNTs, and the diamond grains change from spherical to pyramidal and show excellent electron field emission behavior, with a low turn‐on field of 0.5 V μm−1 and a current density of 85.9 μA cm−2. In addition, the deposition environment of the nanocrystalline diamond has a large impact on the substrate morphology, resulting in a blocked electron transport path, which reduces the overall field emission performance. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the highly efficient 1D electron path of the TNTs, the negative electron affinity of the diamond surface, and the lower work function of rutile TiO2.
AlgoRitmo Literacies In Gaming: Leveraging Chicanx Praxis To Reimagine AI Systems
Authors: Cortez Arturo , Lizárraga José Ramón , Rivero Edward
Published: May 2024

This article reports on findings from a social design‐based study conducted with an intergenerational group of youth, educators and researchers participating in the Learning to Transform (LiTT) Gaming Lab. We advance the notion of AlgoRitmo Literacies, to highlight the ingenuity of youth and educators as they used a tool called Character AI to author lore emerging within a virtual city called LiTT City. We conceptualize AlgoRitmo—a play on the word algorithm—as part inquiry and reflection (the algo or “something” of AI tools), and part action and future‐oriented (ritmo as in movement). Inspired by cosmogonies influenced by Coyolxauhqui, the fragmented Aztec moon goddess, this paper illustrates how young people reconfigure AI artifacts, reshape relationships with AI‐governed non‐playable characters, and repurpose AI tools to envision alternative futures and identities. In identifying AlgoRitmo Literacies, we provide examples of how ChicanX communities subvert ideologies embedded in AI through creative and ingenious interventions in video games and the construction of cyborg Chicanx subjectivities. This paper offers implications for how educators across content areas can leverage gaming, and AI tools, toward consequential literacy development.
Dual‐Site Doping in Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Enables High‐Voltage Stability of Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Lijue , Chen Weixin , Zhang Hehe , Lu Xia , Zou Lianfeng , Lu Jun , Pan Huilin
Published: May 2024

Designing cathode materials that effectively enhancing structural stability under high voltage is paramount for rationally enhancing energy density and safety of Na‐ion batteries. This study introduces a novel P2‐Na0.73K0.03Ni0.23Li0.1Mn0.67O2 (KLi‐NaNMO) cathode through dual‐site synergistic doping of K and Li in Na and transition metal (TM) layers. Combining theoretical and experimental studies, this study discovers that Li doping significantly strengthens the orbital overlap of Ni (3d) and O (2p) near the Fermi level, thereby regulates the phase transition and charge compensation processes with synchronized Ni and O redox. The introduction of K further adjusts the ratio of Nae and Naf sites at Na layer with enhanced structural stability and extended lattice space distance, enabling the suppression of TM dissolution, achieving a single‐phase transition reaction even at a high voltage of 4.4 V, and improving reaction kinetics. Consequently, KLi‐NaNMO exhibits a high capacity (105 and 120 mAh g−1 in the voltage of 2–4.2 V and 2–4.4 V at 0.1 C, respectively) and outstanding cycling performance over 300 cycles under 4.2 and 4.4 V. This work provides a dual‐site doping strategy to employ synchronized TM and O redox with improved capacity and high structural stability via electronic and crystal structure modulation.
Boron‐Nitrogen‐Edged Biomass‐Derived Carbon: A Multifunctional Approach for Colorimetric Detection of H2O2, Flame Retardancy, and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Baye Anteneh F. , Abebe Medhen W. , Kim Hern
Published: May 2024

Enhancing the concentration and type of nitrogen (N) dopants within the Sp2‐carbon domain of carbon recycled from biomass sources is an efficient approach to mimic CNT, GO, and rGO to activate oxidants such as H2O2, excluding toxic chemicals and limiting reaction steps. However, monitoring the kind and concentration of N species in the Sp2‐C domain is unlikely with thermal treatments only. A high temperature for graphitization reduces N moieties, leading to low electron density. This inhibits H2O2 adsorption and activation on catalyst surfaces. In this study, coffee waste (CW) is converted into B, N‐doped biochar (BXNbY) using boric acid‐assisted pyrolysis (H3BO3 mass = X and carbonization temperature = Y) under N2 to overcome the challenge. The B dopant regulates the concentration and type of N, provides Lewis's acid sites, and converts graphitic‐N to pyridine‐N in BXNbY. The optimized B3Nb900 exhibits excellent colorimetric sensing performance toward H2O2 with a low detection limit (36.9 nM) and high selectivity in the presence of many interferences and milk samples due to high pyridinic‐N and Sp2 domain sizes. Interestingly, B enhances other properties of N‐containing CW‐derived carbon and introduces self‐extinguishing and tribopositive properties. Hence, BXNbY‐coated polyurethane foam shows excellent flame retardancy and energy harvesting performance.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Polymer‐Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yahan , Zhang Ming , Song Haiqin , Dai Qiong , Liu Chaoyong
Published: May 2024

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment‐responsive polymer‐based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.
Experimental Investigation of Hot Forming of Zn‐Coated Hot‐Stamping Steel
Authors: Ma Wenyu , Li Xuetao , Zheng Xuebin , Xu Dechao , Zhang Yongqiang , Yao Ye
Published: May 2024

An investigation on the thermal property, fracture mechanism of substrate and coating layer, liquid‐metal embrittlement (LME) crack, coating layer morphology, microstructure, and hardness of Zn‐coated hot‐stamping steel is presented. The effect of forming temperature on the LME is studied. The crack mechanism of substrate at elevated temperature is ductile fracture with various‐sized dimples. The inclusions in the dimples are also detected and researched. However, the fracture mechanism of coating layer and weld spot is different from that of substrate. At high temperature, the liquid Zn invades into the substrate with oxidation reaction, which reduces the thermal formability. The complex chemical reaction and different phase formation occur in the coating layer. The coating layer breaks and peels off from the substrate with sharp edge, indicating brittle fracture. The phase of substrate mainly transforms into martensite phase with the microhardness Vickers hardness 0.2 of 410–490.
Perception simplex: Verifiable collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles amidst obstacle detection faults
Authors: Bansal Ayoosh , Kim Hunmin , Yu Simon , Li Bo , Hovakimyan Naira , Caccamo Marco , Sha Lui
Published: May 2024

Advances in deep learning have revolutionized cyber‐physical applications, including the development of autonomous vehicles. However, real‐world collisions involving autonomous control of vehicles have raised significant safety concerns regarding the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety‐critical tasks, particularly perception. The inherent unverifiability of DNNs poses a key challenge in ensuring their safe and reliable operation. In this work, we propose perception simplex (
), a fault‐tolerant application architecture designed for obstacle detection and collision avoidance. We analyse an existing LiDAR‐based classical obstacle detection algorithm to establish strict bounds on its capabilities and limitations. Such analysis and verification have not been possible for deep learning‐based perception systems yet. By employing verifiable obstacle detection algorithms,
identifies obstacle existence detection faults in the output of unverifiable DNN‐based object detectors. When faults with potential collision risks are detected, appropriate corrective actions are initiated. Through extensive analysis and software‐in‐the‐loop simulations, we demonstrate that
provides deterministic fault tolerance against obstacle existence detection faults, establishing a robust safety guarantee.
Seismic behavior of plate‐reinforced composite coupling beams with steel bar truss deck
Authors: Tian Jianbo , Liu Gaoju , Li Bolin , Xia Yuanyuan , Zhou Wenjing , Liang Gang
Published: May 2024

To better meet the evolving requirements of industrialized building system, this paper introduces a novel approach by proposing the utilization of a plate‐reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam, which incorporates a steel bar truss deck as a substitute for the conventional reinforced concrete (RC) slab. In order to study the effect of different types of RC slabs on the performance of PRC coupling beams, the low‐cyclic reversed loading test was carried out on three PRC coupling beams. The differences of failure modes, load bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity of each coupling beam are analyzed. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to analyze the stress distribution in the concrete, steel plate, and reinforcement skeleton of the novel coupling beam. The results show that the incorporation of a steel bar truss deck in PRC coupling beams with a small span‐to‐depth ratio can effectively enhance their shear bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. The inclusion of a slab significantly enhances the load‐bearing capacity of the coupling beam, while the utilization of a steel bar truss deck in PRC coupling beams greatly improves their overall bearing capacity. The PRC coupling beams featuring a steel bar truss deck exhibit superior load capacity compared to those with conventional RC slabs. The cumulative energy dissipation at the damage point in PRC beams with a steel bar truss deck is 1.39 times greater than that of the coupling beam without slabs and 1.18 times higher than that of the coupling beam with traditional RC slabs.
Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of multiple cutaneous tumours ascribed to sun damage in a Chinese crested dog
Authors: Dehesa Golding Alexandra , Scarampella Fabia , Roccabianca Paola , Baldassarre Antonella
Published: May 2024

This case report describes the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings of three different neoplastic lesions (angiokeratoma, squamous cell carcinoma and multiple melanocytomas) and non‐tumoral skin in a hairless Chinese crested dog following chronic sun exposure. The non‐tumoral skin was characterized by “sunburn cells”, collagen degeneration, dermal elastosis and fibrosis, described in most species as caused by UV light exposure. Cutaneous angiokeratomas have been rarely reported in the canine literature. In this particular case we consider a possible correlation with UV damage.
A review of the applications of ensemble forecasting in fields other than meteorology
Authors: Chen Lianglyu
Published: May 2024

As a scientific approach to solving the uncertainty problems in single deterministic forecasts, ensemble forecasting has been applied in other fields besides meteorology and shows encouraging advantages. To comprehensively understand the applications of ensemble forecasting in other fields, this study offers a brief review. Several related papers are selected and outlined. The ways used to generate ensemble forecasts and the applications of ensemble forecast products in different studies are compared, the existing problems and challenges are discussed, and some suggestions are provided, with the hope that they provide useful references for researchers in related fields.
Decoding cognitive health using machine learning: A comprehensive evaluation for diagnosis of significant memory concern
Authors: Sajid M. , Sharma R. , Beheshti I. , Tanveer M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

The timely identification of significant memory concern (SMC) is crucial for proactive cognitive health management, especially in an aging population. Detecting SMC early enables timely intervention and personalized care, potentially slowing cognitive disorder progression. This study presents a state‐of‐the‐art review followed by a comprehensive evaluation of machine learning models within the randomized neural networks (RNNs) and hyperplane‐based classifiers (HbCs) family to investigate SMC diagnosis thoroughly. Utilizing the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) dataset, 111 individuals with SMC and 111 healthy older adults are analyzed based on T1W magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, extracting rich features. This analysis is based on baseline structural MRI (sMRI) scans, extracting rich features from gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), Jacobian determinant (JD), and cortical thickness (CT) measurements. In RNNs, deep random vector functional link (dRVFL) and ensemble dRVFL (edRVFL) emerge as the best classifiers in terms of performance metrics in the identification of SMC. In HbCs, Kernelized pinball general twin support vector machine (Pin‐GTSVM‐K) excels in CT and WM features, whereas Linear Pin‐GTSVM (Pin‐GTSVM‐L) and Linear intuitionistic fuzzy TSVM (IFTSVM‐L) performs well in the JD and GM features sets, respectively. This comprehensive evaluation emphasizes the critical role of feature selection, feature  based‐interpretability and model choice in attaining an effective classifier for SMC diagnosis. The inclusion of statistical analyses further reinforces the credibility of the results, affirming the rigor of this analysis. The performance measures exhibit the suitability of this framework in aiding researchers with the automated and accurate assessment of SMC. The source codes of the algorithms and datasets used in this study are available at https://github.com/mtanveer1/SMC.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Classification

Technologies > Machine Learning

Application Areas > Health Care
Introduction
Authors: Constantin Sandra V.
Published: May 2024

This book examines the dynamics of individualization in post-collectivist China through the life-course of two emblematic birth cohorts amid socioeconomic and institutional transformations. The analyses rely on original longitudinal data, both qualitative and quantitative, collected in Beijing among urban and rural populations. Structured into three parts, the book traces the evolution of individualization, explores its impact on social policies and the transition to adulthood. How, in such a short period of time, young adults and their families have managed to navigate from a relatively egalitarian society to one of the most unequal? What impact these drastic changes, initiated by the State, have on the transition to adulthood?
The Postponement of Family Formation Due to Employment Instability
Authors: Constantin Sandra V.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reveals that the lengthening of the period of schooling, for the 1980s birth-cohort, delayed their entry into the workforce and financial autonomy. Job-seeking is likened to a “rat race”, emphasizing the importance of prestigious University degrees to find a job. Young adults face more and more challenges finding stable employment, with many experiencing job instabilities. Unemployment rates rise, particularly impacting those with rural hukou and lower educational achievements.

Prolonged schooling and delayed stable employment lead to postponed transitions to marriage and parenthood for the 1980s birth-cohort compared to the 1950s. These shifts often create tensions and misunderstandings with parents who grew up and who were socialized in a very different social context.

This chapter examines in-depth family trajectories and depicts the rise of independent lifestyles nestled between filial and conjugal ties. During this specific time lapse, young adults have jobs but are not yet burdened by family responsibilities. Findings reveal that while the housing market leans towards buying, gaining homeownership proves more and more challenging, particularly for those in precarious employment.
Peccei-Quinn inflation at the pole and axion kinetic misalignment
Authors: Lee Hyun Min , Menkara Adriana G. , Seong Myeong-Jung , Song Jun-Ho
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scalar field and explain the relic density of the QCD axion through the kinetic misalignment with a relatively small axion decay constant. To this purpose, we consider a slow-roll inflation from the radial component of the PQ field with the PQ conserving potential near the pole of its kinetic term and investigate the post-inflationary dynamics of the PQ field for reheating. The angular mode of the PQ field, identified with the QCD axion, receives a nonzero velocity during inflation due to the PQ violating potential, evolving with an approximately conserved Noether PQ charge. We determine the reheating temperature from the perturbative decays and scattering processes of the inflaton and obtain dark radiation from the axions produced from the inflaton scattering at a testable level in the future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. We show the correlation between the reheating temperature, the initial velocity of the axion and the axion decay constant, realizing the axion kinetic misalignment for the correct relic density.
Preparation of a scientific presentation
Authors: Günther Daniel ,   AGA Research Committee
Published: May 2024

This article provides a guide to creating a scientific presentation. It outlines the tasks a presenter has to perform before creating a presentation, gives tips for preparing a successful presentation, and provides techniques the presenter can use when giving the presentation. When preparing a presentation, the speaker must consider the aim of the presentation and the audience. Therefore, this article provides tips regarding layout, speaking time, language, citation style, structure, and how to increase the audience’s attention. Through a clear structure, visual support, and interaction with the audience, the presenter can convince the audience and successfully convey his scientific message. Finally, a checklist is provided to help researchers with finalizing their presentations.
Transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis
Authors: Sarpe Julian , Klaedtke Andreas , De Gersem Herbert
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis (TFHA), which is a combination of a transient forward circuit analysis with a harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis. TFHA provides sensitivities of quantities of interest from time-periodic problems with many design parameters, as used in the design process of power-electronics devices. The TFHA shows advantages in applications where the harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis or finite difference approaches for sensitivity analysis perform poorly. In contrast to existing methods, the TFHA can be used in combination with arbitrary forward solvers, i.e., general transient solvers.
Patulin alters alpha-adrenergic receptor signalling and induces epigenetic modifications in the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Mazibuko Makabongwe , Ghazi Terisha , Chuturgoon Anil
Published: May 2024

Patulin (PAT) is a food-borne mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and Byssochlamys species. It is widely known for its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects and has been associated with kidney injury; however, the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a study to explore the changes in α-adrenergic receptor signalling pathways and epigenetic modifications induced by PAT in the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice during acute (1 day) and prolonged (10 days) exposure. The mice (20–22 g) were orally administered PAT (2.5 mg/kg; at 1 and 10 days), and post-treatment, the kidneys were harvested, homogenised and extracted for RNA, DNA, and protein. The relative gene expression of the α-adrenergic receptors (ADRA1, ADRA2A, ADRA2B) and associated signalling pathways (MAPK, MAPK14, ERK, PI3K, and AKT) was assessed by qPCR. The protein expression of ERK1/2 and MAPK was determined by western blot. The impact of PAT on DNA methylation was evaluated by quantifying global DNA methylation; qPCR was used to determine gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and demethylase (MBD2). PAT downregulated the expression of ADRA1, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, PI3K, and AKT and upregulated ERK1/2 and MAPK protein expression. Furthermore, PAT induced alterations in DNA methylation patterns by upregulating DNMT1 and MBD2 expressions and downregulating DNMT3A and DNMT3B expressions, resulting in global DNA hypomethylation. In conclusion, PAT disrupts α-1 and α-2 adrenergic receptor signalling pathways and induces epigenetic modifications, that can lead to kidney injury.
Orchidopexy for undescended testis—rate and predictors of re-ascent
Authors: Selin Caroline , Hallabro Nilla , Anderberg Magnus , Börjesson Anna , Salö Martin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the rate of re-ascent requiring re-operation after primary orchidopexy and to investigate eventual differences between the inguinal and scrotal approach as well as other potential predictors for re-ascent.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of children treated for undescended testis (UDT) with orchidopexy between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. The primary outcome was re-ascent requiring re-operation, and the secondary outcome was atrophy rate. Independent variables were age, underlying conditions, side, surgical approach, operation time, bilaterality, congenital/ascended UDT, presence of scrotal hypoplasia, presence of a patent processus vaginalis, division of external oblique, and suture of the testis. Univariate and logistic regression were used to evaluate differences between groups and risk for re-ascent.

Results

A total of 662 testes in 554 patients were included. Re-operation occurred in 6% (7% with inguinal approach, 3% with scrotal approach, p = 0.04). Re-operation was associated with younger age, congenital UDT, and inguinal approach, but neither of these variables remained significant in multivariate analyses. Atrophy occurred in one testis.

Conclusion

The rate of re-ascent was 6% and the atrophy rate was 0.15%. A larger study may find predictors for re-ascent but with very low absolute risk. The lower rate of re-ascent with the scrotal approach is probably due to selection bias.
Non-motor symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current state and future directions
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Bartels Maj-Britt , Hesebeck-Brinckmann Jasper , Petri Susanne
Published: May 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. A defining histopathological feature in approximately 97% of all ALS cases is the accumulation of phosphorylated trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 protein (pTDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells within the central nervous system. Traditionally, it was believed that the accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates and subsequent neurodegeneration primarily occurs in motor neurons. However, contemporary evidence suggests that as the disease progresses, other systems and brain regions are also affected. Despite this, there has been a limited number of clinical studies assessing the non-motor symptoms in ALS patients. These studies often employ various outcome measures, resulting in a wide range of reported frequencies of non-motor symptoms in ALS patients. The importance of assessing the non-motor symptoms reflects in a fact that they have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, yet they frequently go underdiagnosed and unreported during clinical evaluations. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge concerning non-motor symptoms in ALS. Furthermore, we address their diagnosis and treatment in everyday clinical practice.
Arousal, interindividual differences and temporal binding a psychophysiological study
Authors: Render Anna , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Oxner Matt , Jansen Petra
Published: May 2024

The sense of agency varies as a function of arousal in negative emotional contexts. As yet, it is unknown whether the same is true for positive affect, and how inter-individual characteristics might predict these effects. Temporal binding, an implicit measure of the sense of agency, was measured in 59 participants before and after watching either an emotionally neutral film clip or a positive film clip with high or low arousal. Analyses included participants’ individual differences in subjective affective ratings, physiological arousal (pupillometry, skin conductance, heart rate), striatal dopamine levels via eye blink rates, and psychopathy. Linear mixed models showed that sexual arousal decreased temporal binding whereas calm pleasure had no facilitation effect on binding. Striatal dopamine levels were positively linked whereas subjective and physiological arousal may be negatively associated with binding towards actions. Psychopathic traits reduced the effect of high arousal on binding towards actions. These results provide evidence that individual differences influence the extent to which the temporal binding is affected by high arousing states with positive valence.
Morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry combined for integrated lymphoma diagnosis on small volume samples: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Ehinger Mats , Béné Marie C.
Published: May 2024

The diagnosis of lymphoma relies mainly on clinical examination and laboratory explorations. Among the latter, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue biopsy are the cornerstones for proper identification and classification of the disease. In lymphoma with blood and/or bone marrow involvement, multiparameter flow cytometry is useful. This technique can also be applied to fresh cells released from a biopsy sample. For full comprehension of lymphomas, surgical biopsies are best and indeed recommended by the hematopathological community. Currently, however, there is a global trend towards less invasive procedures, resulting in smaller samples such as core needle biopsies or fine needle aspirations which can make the diagnosis quite challenging. In this review, the possibilities and limitations to make an accurate lymphoma diagnosis on such small volume material are presented. After recalling the major steps of lymphoma diagnosis, the respective value of histology, cytology, and flow cytometry is discussed, including handling of small specimens. The benefits of an integrated approach are then evoked, followed by discussion about which attitude to adopt in different contexts. Perhaps contrary to the prevailing view among many pathologists, a full diagnosis on small volume material, combined with relevant ancillary techniques, is often possible and indeed supported by recent literature. A glimpse at future evolutions, notably the merit of artificial intelligence tools, is finally provided. All in all, this document aims at providing pathologists with an overview of diagnostic possibilities in lymphoma patients when confronted with small volume material such as core needle biopsies or fine needle aspirations.
Risk of advanced neoplasia after removal of colorectal adenomas with high-grade dysplasia
Authors: He Degao , Wang Kai , Zhang Yanhong , Jiang Xuefei , Chen Hao , Chen Junguo , Liu Danlin , Li Guanman , Hu Jiancong , He Xiaosheng
Published: May 2024

Background

Many studies reported the presence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) at index colonoscopy increased the incidence of advanced neoplasia (AN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) following. However, the conclusion remains obscure due to lack of studies on the specific population of adenomas with HGD. This study aimed to assess the long-term risk of AN and CRC after removal of adenomas with HGD.

Methods

A total of 814 patients who underwent adenomas with HGD removal between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The outcomes were the incidences of AN and CRC during surveillance colonoscopy. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to identify risk factors associated with AN and CRC.

Results

During more than 2000 person-years of follow-up, we found that AN and CRC incidence densities were 44.3 and 4.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence of AN and CRC were 39.1% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multivariate model, synchronous low-risk polyps (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.10–2.93) and synchronous high-risk polyps (HR 3.99, 95% CI 2.37–6.72) were risk factors for AN, whereas participation in surveillance colonoscopy visits (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.88 for 1 visit; HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.06–0.19 for ≥ 2 visits) were associated with decreased AN incidence. Additionally, elevated baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (HR 10.19, 95% CI 1.77–58.59) was a risk factor for CRC, while participation in ≥ 2 surveillance colonoscopy visits (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.56) were associated with decreased CRC incidence. Interestingly, for 11 patients who developed CRC after removal of adenomas with HGD, immunohistochemistry revealed that 8 cases (73%) were deficient mismatch repair CRCs.

Conclusions

Patients who have undergone adenoma with HGD removal are at higher risk of developing AN and CRC, while surveillance colonoscopy can reduce the risk. Patients with synchronous polyps, or with elevated baseline CEA level are considered high-risk populations and require more frequent surveillance.
A review of deep learning and Generative Adversarial Networks applications in medical image analysis
Authors: Sindhura D. N. , Pai Radhika M. , Bhat Shyamasunder N. , Pai Manohara M. M.
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, computer-aided decision support systems (CADs) for the analysis of images have been a perennial technique in the medical imaging field. In CADs, deep learning algorithms are widely used to perform tasks like classification, identification of patterns, detection, etc. Deep learning models learn feature representations from images rather than handcrafted features. Hence, deep learning models are quickly becoming the state-of-the-art method to achieve good performances in different computer-aided decision-support systems in medical applications. Similarly, deep learning-based generative models called Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently been developed as a novel method to produce realistic-looking synthetic data. GANs are used in different domains, including medical imaging generation. The common problems, like class imbalance and a small dataset, in healthcare are well addressed by GANs, and it is a leading area of research. Segmentation, reconstruction, detection, denoising, registration, etc. are the important applications of GANs. So in this work, the successes of deep learning methods in segmentation, classification, cell structure and fracture detection, computer-aided identification, and GANs in synthetic medical image generation, segmentation, reconstruction, detection, denoising, and registration in recent times are reviewed. Lately, the review article concludes by raising research directions for DL models and GANs in medical applications.
Impacts of a municipal solid waste classification policy on carbon emissions: case study of Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Tingting , Cao Jing , Miatto Alessio
Published: May 2024

National and local governments implement municipal solid waste classification policies to reduce waste disposal and minimize environmental pollution. Beijing started implementing its classification of municipal solid waste policy in May 2020. This study evaluates the impact of Beijing’s household waste classification policy on carbon emissions during collection, transportation, and treatment. The policy’s introduction reduced the number of trash bins, influenced transportation modes, and altered waste treatment emissions. We found a notable reduction in average net carbon emissions post-policy implementation (2403 kg CO2eq per metric ton of waste) compared with pre-policy (3584 kg CO2eq per metric ton of waste). If Beijing reaches its 2025 waste target, these emissions will decrease further to 1760 kg CO2eq per metric ton of waste. Translating these findings into monetary terms confirms this policy’s environmental and economic efficacy.
Invisible to Machines: Designing AI that Supports Vision Work in Radiology
Authors: Anichini Giulia , Natali Chiara , Cabitza Federico
Published: May 2024

In this article we provide an analysis focusing on clinical use of two deep learning-based automatic detection tools in the field of radiology. The value of these technologies conceived to assist the physicians in the reading of imaging data (like X-rays) is generally assessed by the human-machine performance comparison, which does not take into account the complexity of the interpretation process of radiologists in its social, tacit and emotional dimensions. In this radiological vision work, data which informs the physician about the context surrounding a visible anomaly are essential to the definition of its pathological nature. Likewise, experiential data resulting from the contextual tacit knowledge that regulates professional conduct allows for the assessment of an anomaly according to the radiologist’s, and patient’s, experience. These data, which remain excluded from artificial intelligence processing, question the gap between the norms incorporated by the machine and those leveraged in the daily work of radiologists. The possibility that automated detection may modify the incorporation or the exercise of tacit knowledge raises questions about the impact of AI technologies on medical work. This article aims to highlight how the standards that emerge from the observation practices of radiologists challenge the automation of their vision work, but also under what conditions AI technologies are considered “objective” and trustworthy by professionals.
“Missing the Trees for the Forest?” An Analysis of the Harms to European Eels Caused by Their Trafficking and Trade
Authors: Pons-Hernandez Monica
Published: May 2024

Wildlife trafficking has generally been studied for its harm to humans, to species of nonhuman animals, and to ecosystems. Such approaches fail to recognize the intrinsic value of nonhuman animal life. As discussed by various authors, even biodiversity loss discourses tend to adopt a human-centered perspective which overlooks the suffering of those individual nonhuman animals who are trafficked and traded. Through a case study of the European eel based on data collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis, this paper exposes the demand for European eels and the harms caused to them throughout the supply chain. Moreover, using a visual approach to green criminology, the research employs photographs as evidence of harm. By doing so, the paper makes visible the impact of wildlife trafficking and trade on European eels. As the research shows, European eels suffer along the supply chain not only when they are trafficked, but when they are subjected to a legal trade.
Climate, Technology and Value: Insights from the First Decade with Mass-Consumption of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Andreassen Gøril L. , Lind Jo Thori
Published: May 2024

Adoption of low-carbon technology is key to mitigating climate change. A possible unwanted consequence of fast technological progress is that products get outdated before their technical lifetime is over. We investigate whether the market value of electric vehicles, characterized by rapid technological progress, declines faster over their lifetime than gasoline vehicles, which represent a mature technology. We use novel data from Norway, the market with the highest market shares for electric vehicles in the world. The data are from the largest web platform for secondhand vehicles over the period 2011–2021. Prices of electric vehicles decline faster than gasoline vehicles. This seems to be driven by the electric vehicles with below median driving range. We hypothesize that the large price drop is mainly due to the fast technological improvement of electric vehicles.
A comparative biochemical characterization of Allium genetic resources of Türkiye
Authors: Paşazade Ebubekir , Hanci Fatih
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to determine the variation in onion and garlic genetic resources collected from the Kelkit Valley, a unique biodiversity concerved region in Türkiye. For this purpose, 17 onion genotypes and 12 garlic genotypes were collected from local growers. A total of 9 biochemical analyses (total phenolic matter, total soluble protein, total dry matter, total flavonoid matter, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity and ascorbic acid) were performed on bulb and leaf extracts of all genotypes. According to variance analysis of the biochemical results from the samples, the differences between genotypes for all parameters were found to be significant (p < 0.05). A post-hoc test (Tukey) and multiple means comparison were performed to analyze the results between groups in cases of significant differences. The results indicated that there is a large variation between different genotypes of both species and between both species and organs.
From experimentation to prediction: comprehensive study of dielectric properties through experimental research and theoretical modeling
Authors: Lebda H. I. , Atyia H. E. , Habashy D. M.
Published: May 2024

This study discusses the experimental findings on the frequency & temperature influences on the dielectric (constant (ε1) and loss (ε2)) of some chalcogenide materials based on Se83Bi17 composition performed in the temperature range 303 K–393 K and frequency range (100–1000000 Hz). As the frequency increases, multiple polarization mechanisms contribute to the reduction of the dielectric constant. The addition of germanium (Ge) to a composition increases ε1 more than tellurium (Te). The dielectric loss decreases with frequency while increasing with temperature and AC conductivity. Understanding these behaviors is important for material characterization and applications in fields like electronics and solar cells. The theoretical section introduces adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), which are utilized in the estimation of the dielectric characteristics of Se83Bi17 (SB), Se83Bi17Te5 (SB-T), and Se83Bi17Ge5 (SB-G). Experimentation-related data are a source of input. ANFIS model of the Takagi–Sugeno type has been trained. With MATLAB, the most effective networks are created. The outcomes of the ANFIS modeling are exceptional. The accuracy of the modeling process is due to the error values. This study demonstrates that the ANFIS technique can accurately anticipate the dielectric properties of the compositions under consideration when they are formed into thin films. The ANFIS can describe the experimental data of the dielectric (constant (ε1) and loss (ε2)) of some chalcogenide materials for all the mentioned temperatures and frequencies. This leads to using the ANFIS model to produce the dielectric (constant (ε1) and loss (ε2)) of some chalcogenide materials for various temperatures and frequencies which there are no experimental data yet to compare with.
Investigation of photosensitive and photodetector characteristics of n-TPA-IFA/p-Si heterojunction structure
Authors: Çavdar Şükrü , Oruç Pınar , Eymur Serkan , Tuğluoğlu Nihat
Published: May 2024

n-TPA-IFA organic material was synthesized and deposited on p-Si by spin coating method to produce n-TPA-IFA/p-Si heterojunction diode. We determined that the dielectric constant and energy band gap of TPA-IFA organic material were 3.91 and 3.37 eV by DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method using on Gaussian 09 W, respectively, and the carrier type of TPA-IFA organic semiconductor material was also n-type at room temperature from temperature-dependent hall effect measurements. Using forward and reverse bias I–V measurements in the dark and under various light intensities, we examined the key electrical characteristics of the n-TPA-IFA/p-Si heterojunction diode, including $${\Phi }_{b}$$

Φ
b

and $$n$$
n
. It was determined that the rectification ratio (RR) was approximately 104. The reverse current's observed increasing behavior with increasing light indicates that the produced heterojunction diode can be utilized as a photodiode, detector, or sensor. The values of n, $${\Phi }_{b}$$

Φ
b

, and Io were determined using I–V data in dark as 1.34, 0.91 eV, and 7.25 9 10–12 A, respectively. On the other hand, when the n-TPA-IFA/p-Si heterojunction diode is exposed to 100 mW/cm2 illumination, these parameters were obtained as 1.85, 0.80 eV, and 5.11 9 10–10 A, respectively. Photovoltaic parameters such as short circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) were determined as 0.018 mV, 0.08 A and 0.050 mV, 0.29 A under 20 mW/cm2 light and 100 mW/cm2 light intensity, respectively. The photodetector properties of n-TPA-IFA/p-Si heterostructure were explored at different light intensities, and the photoresponsivity (R), photosensitivity (PS), specific detectivity ($${D}^{*}$$

D

∗

), and linear dynamic range (LDR) of the heterojunction changed with reverse voltage and light intensity. It was found that as light intensity increased, the linear dynamic range (LDR), a crucial characteristic for image sensors, increased as well (10.15 dB and 18.84 dB for 20 and 100 mW/cm2).
Optimality and Duality for Robust Optimization Problems Involving Intersection of Closed Sets
Authors: Hung Nguyen Canh , Chuong Thai Doan , Anh Nguyen Le Hoang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study a robust optimization problem whose constraints include nonsmooth and nonconvex functions and the intersection of closed sets. Using advanced variational analysis tools, we first provide necessary conditions for the optimality of the robust optimization problem. We then establish sufficient conditions for the optimality of the considered problem under the assumption of generalized convexity. In addition, we present a dual problem to the primal robust optimization problem and examine duality relations.
An extended Monte Carlo simulation code for modeling gas chromatography experiments with superheavy elements and their homologs
Authors: Dietzel Dominik , Yakushev Alexander , Düllmann Christoph E.
Published: May 2024

Monte Carlo simulations are commonly used to model the behavior of chemical species of the heaviest elements and their homologs in gas chromatography experiments. In this paper, we present an extension of the fundamental Monte Carlo simulation proposed by Zvara in 1985. While preserving the core functionality, our code features two enhancements: first, it allows simulating experiments in which a primary radioisotope decays into a daughter isotope belonging to a different element, hence exhibiting different chemical properties. Second, it allows modeling scenarios where conversion of an initial chemical species to a different one can occur at temperatures high enough to overcome an activation barrier, facilitating simulations of related physisorption and chemisorption processes. This Monte Carlo code is applicable to open tubular and rectangular chromatography columns.
Addressing and resolving issues with hybrid flexible/dual mode teaching and technology in learning spaces: the 2 × n matrix model
Authors: Detyna Michael , Dommett Eleanor J.
Published: May 2024

Hybrid flexible learning is a mechanism for providing flexible learning to both online and on-campus students. Synchronous HyFlex teaching uses both technology and pedagogy to connect both groups within the same cohort. It is gaining popularity in higher educational institutions, but it also can create challenges associated with pedagogy, including technology, acoustics, and logistics. Finding solutions to these challenges is an organisational imperative for institutions aiming to address them. This article provides an overview of a mechanism for reviewing and problem solving as it relates to hybrid flexible teaching. A conceptual overview is detailed, building on previous literature; and experience from implementation, and rooted in a learning environments context, is described. The unique contribution of the study is demonstrated through the framework for resolving and understanding problems to provide solutions within the specific example of hybrid learning, which has not been analysed or considered in this way before. Example case studies are provided and considered, with an emphasis on practical real-world solutions (rooted in literature and evidence) that are likely to be useful to fellow practitioners.