bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digestible amino acid requirements for young female turkeys
Authors:   , Ferreira Joao Guilherme
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Nine experiments were conducted to determine the optimal digestible isoleucine (dIle), valine (dVal), leucine (dLeu), phenylalanine plus tyrosine (dPT) requirement of female turkeys until third week post-hatch. All experiments were conducted in battery cages in temperature-controlled rooms with water and feed provided ad libitum. Requirement was estimated in 0.67% of dIle, 0.82% of dVal, 1.07% of dLeu, 1.05% of dArg, and 0.94% of dPT. These findings are lower than those preconized by NRC (1994) and agreed with previous researches evaluating digestible amino acids in turkey nutrition, which had overestimated by NRC (1994). Conclusions from these studies are turkeys has lower requirement in amino acids than NRC (1994) had estimated.
Non-emergency exits : voluntary retirements from legislatures
Authors:   , Masthay Theodore J.
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Retirement is the main source of legislative turnover in the United States Congress. The incumbency advantage in congressional elections is so strong as to allow most members to decide to time their departure to align with their personal preferences. Much of the scholarly work on legislative retirements focuses on the House of Representatives. I identify this as a gap and extend this field of study to the Senate. I conclude that retirement decisions in the Senate do not mirror those in the House. Republicans retire at higher rates in the House of Representatives than their Democratic counterparts. There are several theories as to why this is the case, but the trend is an enduring one. Using a data set including every senator elected since the ratification of the 17th Amendment, which mandated their direct election, I compare Senate retirement patterns to those in the House. I find that the partisan effect seen in the House is essentially non-existent in the upper chamber. Instead, senators treat their time there as the natural end to their political career, usually eschewing the opportunity to seek higher office. However, this trend is relatively new, considering that before the middle of the 20th century electoral defeat was the most common way for senators to leave office. Finally, I extend my retirement analysis cross-institutionally to the European Parliament to further highlight the role of institutional arrangement on the career decisions of legislators.
Architecture as a device of control : themes of prison life with focus on solitary confinement
Authors:   , Galford Gregory A.
Published: April 2021

This research is focused on the factors that affect the behavior of those within correctional environments, from general population areas to solitary confinement environments. The architectural perspective of this work views the building as the device of control and is based on extensive prior research into the historical theories that underlie it, while answering the question of what qualities of correctional environments shape the behavior and experience of its inhabitants. The research was conducted at two medium security correctional institutions in a large northeastern state, with one being the second oldest and the other being the newest prison within the system. This research was conducted with twenty-four participants using a qualitative research methodology, as the researcher sought to listen to the experiences of those involved. Critical stakeholders that constituted the sample included inmates, officers, architects, health and mental health professionals, and administrators. Grounded theory was used to code the data that was obtained to identify emerging themes. Research tools included memos, interviews, observations, journals, and photographic and graphic analysis. Specific themes emerged from the coded analysis that reflected broader environmental factors within the solitary confinement experience and in general population living areas of the facility. Themes of trust, sound, views to nature, routine, and time were identified. This work highlights the impact of mental health needs within the prison system and how those needs inform future prison design. The integration of nature and access to views can reduce inmate stress. Sound control as well as visual control can contribute to officer safety and inmate well-being. Future building design can help with experiences of time and routine that will foster both a sense of relevance and rehabilitation for inmates and security for officers.
Factors that influence the movement of Cauliflower mosaic virus in susceptible and resistant plants
Authors:   , Adhab Mustafa Ali
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Since the first description of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), it has been the subject of many research papers, both as a model system for plant molecular virology and for the diseases it causes in major winter crops. CaMV has been associated with a number of ground-breaking papers. Movement through the plant is a necessary step for virus survival. For this reason, each viral protein is likely to interact with multiple host factors. Inactivation of one or more of these multiple interactions could lead to a delay in viral movement. The 40 kDa CaMV P1 movement protein (P1) is an essential protein in CaMV cell-to-cell movement. A CaMV mutant virus that contained a non-functional gene I coding sequence was not able to cause a systematic infection in plants, but the accumulation of encapsidated forms of virion DNA could still be detected, which indicated that P1 is not involved in CaMV replication. Upon transient expression in plant protoplasts, the P1 protein alone is sufficient to cause the formation of tubular extensions projecting out of the cell membrane. Furthermore, P1 is also able to induce the formation of tubules in whole leaves upon agroinfiltration into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. ... Aphid transmission is essential for CaMV spread in nature. Previous studies have shown that the degree of aphid preference for virus-infected plants can alter the progress of virus epidemics. I tested whether infection of turnip plants (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) with different strains of CaMV can influence turnip aphidsâ€™ (Lipaphis erysimi) choice of host. Three different strains of CaMV that cause different types of symptoms on turnips were used in this study. These strains were NY8153 (severe), W260 (mild) and H12 (symptomless). I found that turnip aphids preferred W260-infected plants more than NY8153-, H12-infected or healthy plants. I concluded that aphids can recognize different strains of CaMV and will choose plants with specific strains over others; specifically aphids prefer W260-infected turnips over other choices. These results suggest that virus infection affects the aphid host choice and this in turn may have implications for the spread of different virus strains.
Statistical-based dynamic machine learning models for nonlinear spatio-temporal processes
Authors:   , McDermott Patrick
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] One of the most vital aspects of any spatio-temporal model is characterizing the dynamics of the process. In both a spatio-temporal forecasting and data assimilation setting, the dynamical process model often determines the success of a given methodology. Although in some cases mechanistic processes can motivate a dynamical process model, frequently the dynamics involve complex nonlinear behavior that is difficult to specify a priori. This nonlinearity is generally induced by interactions between the process at various spatial locations or between various scales of variability. Over the past few decades, machine learning methods have been shown to be successful for predicting or classifying high-dimensional complex nonlinear multivariate processes. Even though spatio-temporal processes share many of these same characteristics, only recently have machine learning methods been applied to spatio-temporal processes. Furthermore, uncertainty quantification is almost always ignored in the machine learning literature, with a focus only on point estimation prediction or classification. The computational burden of implementing these models within an uncertainty quantification framework often discourages the use of a more traditional statistical framework. Yet, uncertainty quantification is critical for nonlinear spatio-temporal processes where unique behaviors such as non-Gaussianity and extremes are often found. This dissertation focuses on retaining components of machine learning methods for dynamical processes that have been important for their success, while placing them within a formal statistical framework that is computationally feasible. Specifically, a Bayesian framework is employed so the uncertainties associated with the investigated processes can rigorously be quantified. The developed Bayesian machine learning based statistical dynamical spatio-temporal models are shown to outperform a suite of competing methods in terms of both forecast accuracy and uncertainty quantification for multiple nonlinear spatio-temporal processes.
Moderators of a brief gambling intervention
Authors:   , Takamatsu Stephanie Keiko
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of four moderators (gender, gambling refusal self-efficacy, coping motivation, and sensation seeking) on the relationship between treatment condition of a Brief Motivational Intervention and gambling behaviors. Method: Data was collected on 333 college students from a Midwest public university who endorsed at risk gambling behaviors. Students were part of a randomized control trial examining the effectiveness of a personalized feedback only intervention (Martens, Arterberry, and Takamatsu, 2015). Results: Finding indicated that inconsistent with the hypothesis, the intervention was equally as effective for women and men. The three other hypothesized moderator variables impacted the relationship between treatment condition and days gambled, but not for problems experienced. Specifically, the relationship between treatment condition and gambling days was stronger for those who were higher on refusal self-efficacy and lower on coping motivation and sensation seeking. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BMIs may be enhanced by including individual characteristics that may put a particular individual at more risk for more frequent gambling.
Preventing unjust wars, and lesser aggresson
Authors:   , Wagner Isaac A.
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This dissertation addresses two issues in the philosophy of war: the prevention of unjust wars, and the moral justification of lethal defense against 'lesser aggression' (a kind of international aggression that involves the threat to use force rather than the actual use of force). Regarding the prevention of unjust wars, I draw on the bargaining perspective on war, from political science. According to this perspective, war between disputing states can occur when those states are unable to bargain their way to a peaceful resolution of their dispute. The perspective thus suggests that war can be avoided by preventing bargaining failure, and I argue that the wars that would be avoided by preventing bargaining failure will tend to be unjust wars. Therefore, preventing bargaining failure will tend to prevent unjust wars. I then propose some specific moral duties of states to prevent bargaining failure (in order to prevent unjust wars). Regarding the moral justification of lethal defense against lesser aggression, I argue for two things. First, I argue against David Rodin's view that considerations of deterrence do not help to justify lethal defense by a victim against a lesser aggressor. I argue, contra Rodin, that there is good reason to believe that a victim's lethally resisting a lesser aggressor will sometimes deter future aggression against itself and that this 'deterrence effect' may be a significant moral benefit of such resistance (thus helping to justify the resistance). Second, I argue that, under certain empirical conditions, a victim's lethally defending against a lesser aggressor is needlessly morally costly, hence morally unjustified. This is because a victim of lesser aggression will often have available an alternative defensive option--which I call returning-the-threatâ€"that is significantly less morally costly than lethal resistance.
The consciousness of visual experience
Authors:   , Kang Seokman
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] "This monograph mainly concerns two distinctive features of visual experience. First, visual experience has its own phenomenal dimension. Following the familiar terminology in the literature, I refer to this unique experiential feature as phenomenal character. The phenomenal character of a visual experience is typically taken to be the sui generis property that it has in virtue of being a particular kind of conscious mental state. As Thomas Nagel once put it, 'ocean organism has conscious mental states if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism--something it is like for the organism' (1974, p. 436). Since then, the phenomenal character of an experience has often been construed as a subjective feel of some sort that manifests itself to the subject when he undergoes the experience that carries it. Alex Byrne thus proposes that 'the phenomenal character of an experience e is a property, specifically a property of e: that property that types e according to what it's like to undergo e' (2002)."--Chapter 1.
Seeing through satire : how contemporary American fiction critiques the world
Authors:   , Toro Janessa Lindsey
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] In this dissertation, I argue some contemporary authors intermingle modes of satire and transparency to encourage a twenty-first century reading community. Using six contemporary American novels, I demonstrate how these works present a self-conscious homage to the radical irony that defines many postmodernist novels while also providing clarity through direct address and the presence of the imagined author. By combining satire and transparency, authors invite readers into the interpretive process to begin to form ethical judgments. Ed Park's Personal Days and Joshua Ferris' Then We Came to the End use satire to critique corporatism and the folly of the common office worker. Simultaneously, these novels present semi-transparent emotional explorations into the suffering of employees who are crushed by their own mediocrity, unfulfillment, and selfishness. Percival Everett's Erasure and Paul Beatty's The Sellout satirize the genre of the protest novel alongside stereotypical depictions of blackness. By interjecting candid self-reflection and emotional insight into each protagonist, these novels question what it means to be an African American author in the twenty-first century and how such literature might bypass post-racial criticism. Colson Whitehead's Zone One and Nathaniel Rich's Odds Against Tomorrow use apocalyptic scenarios and post-apocalyptic life or death decisions to bring the tired questions of teleology and existence in narcissistic, late-capitalist America into relief against impending annihilation.
Harmonizing with the cosmos : a critical analysis of cosmic symbolism in musical theatre
Authors:   , Holley Rebecca Hannelore
Published: April 2021

Humankind has long possessed a fascination with the cosmos and the cosmic bodies they can see from their earthly home. Overtime humans began to associate deities with the cosmic bodies, and religions developed to explain the cosmos and humans' place within it. Early humans created artifacts, using the imagery of cosmic bodies to mark the passage of time and to symbolize their relationship to the cosmos. When they began writing, this use of the cosmic bodies appeared in their literary works and in the works of Ancient Greek and Roman playwrights, William Shakespeare, Arthur Miller, and Thornton Wilder, among many others. Musical theatre, integrated into a unique theatre genre in the mid-twentieth century, similarly followed this impulse to use cosmic bodies to elucidate character and themes. The relationship of these instances, however, to the long traditional symbolic use of cosmic symbolism in Western thought and the ways in which the cosmic symbolism reveals character traits has been largely overlooked in musical theatre scholarship. This analysis contributes the first book-length study investigating cosmic symbolism in selected, representative musicals that span the time period from the American Golden Age through the present. Aided by available scholarship from the fields of astrology, anthropology, psychology, semiotics, religious studies, and philosophy this study aims to increase understanding of how cosmic symbolism functions within representative musical theatre works and what that symbolism reveals about humans' interactions with the cosmos.
A sharing economy beyond the consumer : an exploration of micro-retail sharing enterprises
Authors:   , LoMonaco-Benzing Rachel
Published: April 2021

With today's changes in a highly competitive retail environment and increased emphasis on the sharing economy in consumption patterns, there is a need to understand alternative methods used for independent retailer viability. Using new institutionalism, business resource sharing, and retail innovation literature, the study explored the retail activities micro-retail sharing enterprises (MRSEs) engage in, how and why business owners form these businesses, whether MRSEs are a new retail format, and their potential role in sustainable business opportunities. In an exploratory, ethnomethodological approach, I triangulated data sources and collection methods across five MRSEs, each in a different region of the United States, by conducting interviews with MRSE participants, in-store observations, and website text analysis. Using analytic induction, I first detailed the operations and retail mixes of MRSEs, the majority of which used a membership model for vendors to join and sell their products. Thematic analysis then revealed two main themes: the evolutionary path leading to their formation and activities, and the role they play as business incubators for local entrepreneurs. By minimizing financial risk MRSEs can then provide a fertile ground for entrepreneurs to test products, build a customer base, learn new business skills, and gain a support network and locational advantage. The findings provide insight into what I argue is a new retail format, as well as the MRSE model's methods of viability for independent retailers and entrepreneurs, and an extension of the concepts of business incubators and a business-to-business sharing economy.
Mechanisms of the phototropic pathway
Authors:   , Morrow Johanna Lynn
Published: April 2021

Plants are sessile organisms and therefore are limited in their ability to gather resources. Therefore, they have evolved several mechanisms that aid them in their quest to gather light, water and nutrients. One such mechanism is phototropism, a plants ability to bend towards or away from a light source. This mechanism is mediated by the blue light photoreceptor phototropin (phot). Arabidopsis thaliana contains two phototropins, phot1 which is the primary photoreceptor under low intensity light and phot2, which acts redundantly with phot1 under high intensity light. The perception of blue light by the phototropins (phot1 and phot2) initiates signaling events that lead to a lateral redistribution of the plant hormone auxin; which ultimately results in differential growth and the bending response. In addition to phototropism, these proteins mediate several other growth and developmental responses such as leaf movement, chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening. A second protein which is critical to the phototropic response and interacts with phot1 is NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3). In addition to phototropism, NPH3 has a role in phot1-mediated leaf movement. NPH3 has been shown to act as a substrate adapter in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with the protein CULLIN3 (CUL3). This CRL3NPH3 complex is responsible for ubiquitinating the phot1 photoreceptor in a blue light fashion. This ubiquitination has been shown to be necessary for the bending response, but it's role in receptor ubiquitination is still not fully understood. To better understand this component of phot1-mediated phototropism, we characterized an allelic series of NPH3 mutants to further understand the role of this substrate adapter in this mechanism. Additionally, we characterized several mutant plant lines containing a mutant phot1 protein in which critical ubiquitination sites were mutated in an effort to render the protein unable to be ubiquitinated to further understand phot1 ubiquitination.
Seizing the elephant : Kansas City and the great western migration, 1840-1865
Authors:   , Tuck Darin Alan
Published: April 2021

"The famed editor of the New York Tribune, Horace Greeley, reportedly once said, "Go west, young man, and grow up with the country."[1] Probably apocryphal, the sentiment was quintessential Greeley by the 1850s. His newspaper had brought him to national prominence and made him one of the most powerful and influential Americans of the antebellum era. A fervent believer in the promises of manifest destiny, Greeley took his own advice on the eve of the American Civil War and left New York for California. He had spent the previous two decades pushing the government to open western land and encouraging the downtrodden to venture west for jobs, success, and opportunity. He stated, "If any young man is about to commence the world, we say to him, publicly and privately, Go to the West; there your capacities are sure to be appreciated, and your energy and industry rewarded."[2] He believed in the transcontinental railroad that ran to the Pacific coast and brought the American reader along for the ride as he published a series of essays on his journey. Traveling by rail, steamboat, and wagon, his dispatches were laced with excitement and knowledge of a man who had only read about the American West in the hundreds of books, travel guides, and letters that had been published for the previous three decades. Like many of the hundreds of thousands of pioneers that had come before him, his imagination danced with the possibility of what would certainly come if Americans embraced its manifest destiny." -- Introduction
Cases of resiliency : exploring experiences of refugee women participating in U.S. textile and apparel nonprofit organizations' skills training programs.
Authors:   , Uriyo Angela Furaha
Published: April 2021

Humanitarian crises around the world have forced thousands of refugees away from their native lands to neighboring countries on their own continent and as far as Europe and the United States, in search of safe harbor (UNHCR, 2017) and a better life (Igielnik and Krogstad, 2017). Refugees resettled in the United States, need to become self-sufficient within 18 months of arrival (U.S. Department of State, 2017). With the re-birth of manufacturing in the northwest region of the United States, local textile and apparel nonprofit organizations set-up community-based sewing programs that provided skills-building and job training opportunities to refugees resettled in the region that match the needs of the local labor market, which is essential to their economic integration (Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board, 2008). ... Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain in-depth understanding of the career transition experiences of women with refugee backgrounds within the context of textile and apparel NPOs in the United States by exploring what motivated them to participate in the training programs and attain training outcomes. Using a multiple case study approach, participant observations, direct observations and in-depth interviews were conducted at five textile and apparel NPO training sites. Fourteen graduate and current trainees as well as 10 training providers in each textile and apparel NPO who were knowledgeable about the organization's structure, vision and mission were interviewed. The data analysis uncovered nine emergent themes that represented factors that facilitated or hindered the motivation of trainees to participate in career transition programs and attain training outcomes.
After Watteau: Nicolas Lancret and the creation of the hunt luncheon
Authors:   , Williams Sarah Sylvester
Published: April 2021

Dining is inarguably one of the oldest, most prevalent and pervasive acts of social interaction. In the modern age the ability to display one's taste or refinement with regard to fashionable or trendy food items has become immediate due to social media. Instagram is filled with pictures of food: from farmers' markets to prepared meals to selfies holding food. The foodstuff that people show themselves eating or getting ready to eat are indicators of their social identities and how they would like to be perceived by others. These food items also carry connotations ranging from rustic to luxurious or processed versus fresh, i.e. fried chicken compared to caviar or canned tuna in contrast to wild caught salmon. However, in our current culinary climate even the lowest of foods have been redeemed and made fashionable again -- think Spam fried rice. Paintings of food during the eighteenth century can be viewed in a comparable way. The items depicted by the artist(s) have certain social connotations and long-standing iconographic affiliations. The paintings of food both reflect how the patron or subject of the painting wanted to be interpreted or perceived and blur the lines between popular and court culture.
Atypical localization of Eph-RTKs in childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors:   , LaCombe Ronnie Marie
Published: April 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue tumor in children, is an aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 24% if it has metastasized. Current treatment options are limited to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, so there is a significant unmet need for targeted therapies. Eph receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many other tumor types. Recent results from our group identified several Eph receptors expressed by primary muscle stem cells (satellite cells), which led us to screen for protein expression of Ephs in canine RMS primary tumors as well as mouse and human RMS cell lines. Intriguingly, we noted strong expression but abnormal localization of one Eph receptor: in multiple tumors from all three species, we detected EphA1 in the nucleus of interphase cells. Mislocalization of RTKs to the nucleus in other tumor types has been shown to promote cancer progression, with the classic case being ErbBs. There are only two published studies about Ephs localizing to the nucleus and to date no other nuclear RTKs have been identified in RMS. These data represent the first case of a nuclear RTK in RMS, and the first time that EphA1 has been detected in the nucleus of any cell type.
Administrators' perceptions of teacher effectiveness in rural northwest Missouri secondary public schools
Authors:   , Barmann-Smith Sarah Ann
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to help identify administrators' perceptions of effective teaching in rural Northwest Missouri in secondary public schools in order to increase teacher and administrator effectiveness. Current members of the Northwest chapter of the Missouri Association of Secondary School Principals participated in surveys, interviews, and a focus group to collect data to find common themes and trends. These methodologies indicated effective teaching is rooted in establishing relationships, high student/teacher engagement, student growth in content, high critical thinking, good classroom management skills, and the use of well-rounded classroom observation feedback.
God's words in the language of men : the professionalization of the Southern Baptist Press
Authors:   , Brown Vicki Knasel
Published: April 2021

Although religion is and has been an integral aspect of society, its journalism has been overlooked. Media scholars have viewed the religious press as less worthy and less professional than its commercial counterparts, despite the fact that religious media reaches millions of people. This study illuminates the professional development of the Southern Baptist press as an example of religious media's effort to provide news and information to their audiences. Journalists in religious media balance their personal faith, the specific faith traditions for which they work, and professionalism. Southern Baptist journalists exhibited the traits, practices, and beliefs that mark journalistic professionalism. This dissertation shows how the Civil Rights Movement and the SBC's further shift to the theological and political right affected Southern Baptist journalism. Southern Baptist newsworkers lived their religion through the practice of journalism in spite of the denomination's institutional barriers. Freedom of the press and autonomy became the professional values most at stake for newsworkers as denominational leaders insisted journalists should concentrate on promotion. Through the Civil Rights Movement, most journalists tried to maintain a centrist position, pushing obedience to federal law and the effect on mission efforts overseas. A few courageous journalists pushed for Southern Baptists to recognize all people as children of God. The Southern Baptist Convention's further shift to the theological and political right cost several journalists their jobs and essentially returned SBC journalism to its promotional roots.
Does being real pay off? : examining the impact of perceived authenticity in crisis communication
Authors:   , Christensen Mikkel Soelberg
Published: April 2021

This study examines whether communicating with authenticity in a crisis situation can help produce more successful post-crisis results and if the type of crisis apology impacts the relationship between authenticity and post-crisis success. The theoretical framework is centered around the contingency theory of accommodation, the situational crisis communications theory, and findings from other fields on the impact of authenticity. Authenticity is hypothesized to have a positive effect on post-crisis outcomes, and it is also explored if there is an interaction effect between authenticity and degree of accommodation. The study uses a 2 (authenticity: present vs. not present) x 2 (type of crisis response: accommodative vs. advocating) mixed experimental design, where authenticity and type of crisis response both are between-subjects factors. For the experiment, 229 participants were presented with modified crisis scenarios and manipulated responses in an online setting and subsequently asked about how the organization handled the crisis. The experiment was repeated in two different scenarios focusing on the American Red Cross and United Airlines. The findings show that authentic crisis responses lead to significantly more positive crisis outcomes, measured on four different parameters than non-authentic crisis responses did.Whether an organization accommodated or not in their crisis response did not significantly impact the crisis outcomes, and the study also failed to find any interaction between authenticity and accommodation on crisis success.
Shapley-like values without symmetry
Authors:   , Clark Jacob North
Published: April 2021

Following the work of Shapley on the Shapley value [16], and further work of Owen [14], we offer an alternative formulation of and path to and through the work of Weber in his paper on efficient but not symmetric cooperative games [21]. We accomplish this by offering alternative conditions to replace the standard axiomatic assumptions. This is accomplished by introducing conditions, "reasonableness" and "efficiency" on the output of the games themselves, and using this to find properties of the linear maps that describe the games themselves. This results in a special class of linear maps for which any other "reasonable, efficient" map can be written as a convex combination of special ones.
Between the old and the new : Friedrich Gentz, 1764-1832
Authors:   , Eakin Ardis Travis
Published: April 2021

This dissertation reviews the life and political impact of Friedrich Gentz, who was born in Breslau, Prussia, in 1764, and died in Vienna, Austria, in 1832. Though remembered today as only a second- (or even third)- tier statesman alongside such luminaries of his day as Napoleon, Metternich, Wellington, and others, Gentz was nonetheless of importance in the shifting tides of late 18th and early 19th-century politics in Europe. The German translator of Edmund Burke, he was instrumental in bringing the conservative thinker's ideas into the conversations of Central Europe, while his writings against first the French Revolution, then Napoleon, marked him as one of the leading opponents of revolutionary ideology, and led the French emperor to dub him "that miserable scribe." But Gentz was important even beyond his anti-revolutionary polemics. As a product of the Enlightenment, he had some sympathy with the forces of modernity, and his career reflected the struggle to combine an openness to reform with hostility to revolution. In his later collaboration with Metternich to forge what became known as the Restoration, we can see just how much the post-Napoleonic conservative order in Europe was built upon a specific vision, one that rejected the quasi-feudal patterns of the ancien regime just as firmly as it did the democratic radicalism of its own day. Though it ultimately did not last, Gentz's work is clearly visible in the political contours of the 19th century. From the Enlightenment salons of Berlin to the dazzling Congress of Vienna and beyond, Between the Old and the New traces the eventful career of one of the most interesting men of letters in Revolutionary-era Europe.
Discourse structure as the scaffolding of stance structure : developments of a central concept in a central site of discursive interaction in bioethics
Authors:   , Elliott David Lee
Published: April 2021

This study explored how a major concept and principle in the interdisciplinary area of bioethics, respect for autonomy, changed across the first and the seventh editions of the textbook Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Beauchamp and Childress, a period covering 33 formative years in the institutionalization and growth of bioethics. The question explored by the study was: what can the structure of the stance interactions between authors reveal about institutional changes and the relative position of different academic disciplines in bioethics over this period? A new, relational method of content analysis that draws on methods developed in applied linguistics, concerning evaluative or stance-taking language and on the discourse or rhetorical structure of expository texts, was used in pursuing an answer to the question. Between the first and seventh editions, the core of Beauchamp and Childress's concepts of respect for autonomy and informed consent did not change significantly, though additions and refinements were added in the seventh edition. Philosophy retained a prominent place in the discussion across editions, but medicine, combined with other biomedical sciences and professions, slightly overtook philosophy's place of prominence. The interactions between these disciplines were, on balance, cooperative, and some division of labor was evident in the seventh edition, with philosophers used mostly for conceptual analysis and biomedical disciplines used mostly for technical and empirical support of the concepts. The overall number of disciplines represented in the bioethics discourse on autonomy grew exponentially.
An examination of technology-based formative assessment feedback and the impact on student learning
Authors:   , Jacobs Brett
Published: April 2021

Although researchers have provided evidence to support the effectiveness of collaborative and cooperative learning (Magana and Marzano, 2014; Marzano, 2006) and embedding formative assessment within instruction (Black and Wiliam, 2009; Wiliam, 2011), researchers (Chu, 2013; Hwang and Chang, 2011; Sung, Chang and Liu, 2016) further identified the need for research related to the impact of mobile devices on student learning. Purposefully selected for this study was the school district, as it is a highly innovative school district with regard to technology initiatives. Utilized during the process of collecting data for this case study, several sources were utilized. These included interviews with building and district administrators, focus groups with mathematics teachers and district instructional support staff, analysis of district and building documents, and observation of daily activities. Qualitative analysis of interviews of district and site leaders, focus groups with instructional specialist and teacher focus groups, observation of meetings, and analysis of documents from the district resulted in three emerging reoccurring themes: The impact of mobile learning on mastery learning; The Impact of Mobile Learning on the Quality and Timeliness of Data; Lack of fidelity, training and accountability. Research from this study shows infusion of technology-based formative assessment applications has a positive effect on student learning. Further considerations when embedding technology-based formative assessment strategies within the teaching and learning cycle are to provide common training, resources, and accountability for implementation.
It is what you know : changes in the structure and role of entrepreneur networks in an industry over time
Authors:   , Kendall Annette
Published: April 2021

Previous research investigating the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship has generally focused on the entrepreneur's own capacity to work their way into existing networks. There still remains a gap in terms of understanding how networks are created in the first place. This study aims to gain insight into how industry pioneers create and utilize entrepreneurial-supportive social networks. Building on existing work on network theory and industry evolution I explore three questions. First, are there structural differences in the networks of industry pioneers compared to later entrants? Second what role do diverse social networks play for industry entrants and does this role change over time? Third, does the way in which industry pioneers construct and utilize social networks influence the establishment of legitimacy for a new product category? In this mixed-methods study, I find that in the early stages of the U.S. artisan cheese industry, entrepreneurs created and utilized networks mainly for the development of human capital. Diverse networks provided a greater volume of information than tight-knit networks, and were instrumental in the creation of legitimacy for a new product category. As knowledge has become codified later entrants are more likely to create networks that enable growing market share. Gender differences were identified in that women are more likely to influence others through maintaining a high number of quality connections in which information is transferred one-to-one, and men are more likely to monitor and control the flow of information by acting as a connector between groups. Further research is needed to explore the role of gender differences in mentorship relationships in terms of network structure and role as an industry evolves.
Polarization-induced transport in ferroelelctric organic field-effect transistors
Authors:   , Laudari Amrit Prasad
Published: April 2021

In this research we study the role of ferroelectric dielectrics in organic field-effect transistors (FETs) to understand the mechanism of charge transport in organic semiconductors. The ferroelectric nature of the polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)), has been known for over 45 years. However, its role in interfacial transport in organic/polymeric FETs is not that well understood. PVDF and its copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), as a dielectric in organic FETs is a perfect test-bed for conducting transport studies where a systematic tuning of the dielectric constant with temperature may be achieved. By choosing small molecule organic semiconductors -- pentacene and 6,13 bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) -- along with a copolymer PVDF-TrFE as the dielectric layer, the FET characteristics are monitored as a function of temperature. Pentacene FETs show a weak temperature dependence of the charge carrier mobility in the ferroelectric phase of PVDF-TrFE, which is attributed to polarization fluctuation driven transport resulting from a coupling of the charge carriers to the surface phonons of the dielectric layer. A negative coefficient of carrier mobility is observed in TIPS-pentacene upwards of 200 K with the ferroelectric dielectric, while an activated transport is observed with non-ferroelectric dielectrics. We show that this behavior is correlated with the nature of the trap states in TIPS-pentacene. We also developed the method of dipole engineering of the PVDF-TrFE films to enhance the properties of organic FETs. PVDF-TrFE, despite its applications in a vast range of work (including as a gate dielectric in organic FET and sensing applications) poses concerns such as higher conductivity compared to other polymer non-ferroelectric dielectrics. We have come up with new methods of electrical poling the dielectric layer to enhance FET performance as well as reduce gate leakage issues. We demonstrate the effect of polarization rotation in PVDF-TrFE on the performance of small-molecule-based organic FETs. The subthreshold swing and other transistor parameters in organic FETs can be controlled in a reversible fashion by switching the polarization direction in the PVDF-TrFE layer. We further demonstrate a novel method of selective poling of the dielectric layer. By using solution processed TIPS-pentacene as the organic semiconductor, it is shown that textured poling of the PVDF-TrFE layer dramatically improves FET properties compared to unpoled or uniformly poled ferroelectric films. The texturing is achieved by first vertically poling the PVDF-TrFE film and then laterally poling the dielectric layer close to the gate electrode. TIPS-pentacene FETs show on/off ratios of 105 and hole mobilities of 1 cm2/Vs under ambient conditions with operating voltages well below-4 V. This research opens prospects of achieving low-operating FETs without any expensive patterning techniques.
An investigation of relationships between Flow Theory and music performance anxiety
Authors:   , Li Li
Published: April 2021

This dissertation comprises three projects designed to investigate the relationship between flow and music performance anxiety and using flow to alleviate music performance anxiety. One investigation is a comprehensive literature review on flow theory and music performance anxiety. The literature review showed that flow and music performance anxiety were negatively correlated, and that facilitating flow can provide a powerful tool to reduce music performance anxiety. The second investigation is a quantitative study aimed to explore relationships between flow and music performance anxiety, which involves seventy-five participants from different music majors and education levels. Data were collected by questionnaires. Results indicated that items from four dimensions of flow (clear goals, unambiguous feedback, autotelic experience, and loss of self-consciousness) were most significantly and negatively correlated with MPA, and that strategies related to these four dimensions items may help to reduce MPA. Gender, age, education level, major, and performance form had no direct impact on flow experience, while performance time and performance frequency were significantly positively correlated with one flow dimension (unambiguous feedback). Educational level was positively correlated, and performance time and performance were negatively correlated, with MPA items. Music performers could benefit by practicing more to prepare for their performances, especially for the soloists. The third investigation is a qualitative study aimed to provide a theoretical framework for facilitating flow and reducing music performance anxiety. Data were collected by seven interviews, and ground theory method was used in the analysis. Based on this analysis, a theoretical framework for facilitating flow and reducing music performance anxiety was generated, which included three themes: preparation of performers, modeling by teachers, and construction of flow experience.
On the ability of rocks to conduct heat in the Lithosphere
Authors:   , Merriman Jesse Dean
Published: April 2021

This work focuses on creating a model for the conductive thermal transport properties of rocks using measured thermal diffusivity (D) with the Laser Flash Analysis (LFA) method, which eliminates common errors associated with physical contacts and spurious ballistic radiative transfer. Using a suite of 122 samples of 55 Rocks, we develop a new approach to understanding D of rocks by direct, careful, and thorough characterization of the disks used in measurements, and improving our understanding of the minerals that compose samples. Using a newly-developed plagioclase interpolation model, and new measurements for the D of common carbonate minerals, we compare measured to calculated D at ambient and elevated temperature (T). For most samples, D at all Ts is best reproduced using the geometric mixing model, but some samples with clear anisotropy mix according to the series or parallel models. However, many high-temperature measurements are clouded by previously unidentified experimental errors, which typically lower reported D. For application in Earth science, we created a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet which will automatically calculate D(T) of rocks using inputs of temperature, and the relative abundances of phases. Given the random errors found in measurements of rock D, the cost and time required to directly measure thermal transport properties of rocks, and the complex and unpredictable variations in rock characteristics on the scale of samples used to measure D, we recommend using calculated D rather than measured D for modeling thermal conduction in the lithosphere.