bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological profile of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure patients
Authors: Saad Mzaalak Tazi  , Soukaina El aasri  , Saliha Chellak  , Abderrahman Boukhira
Published: May 2024

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, especially in hemodialysis patients. It is characterized by overproduction of parathyroid hormone in response to chronic deterioration of renal function. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the average time to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism, analyze the initial phosphocalcic profiles, and evaluate the evolution of these profiles in hemodialysis patients, following the recommendations of the KDOQI 2003 and KDIGO 2009 groups. The study included 134 hemodialysis patients from two private dialysis centers. Data were collected from patients' medical records and analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the average time to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism was 3.15 years according to KDOQI recommendations and 4.64 years according to KDIGO recommendations based on parathyroid hormone levels. The initial assessment revealed an imbalance in phosphocalcic metabolism in approximately 20.1% to 22.5% of patients, a proportion that increased to 27.5% during follow-up, according to both sets of recommendations. In conclusion, secondary hyperparathyroidism is an inevitable complication of chronic kidney disease, affecting the vital and functional prognosis of hemodialysis patients. Diagnosis primarily relies on parathyroid hormone levels, associated with phosphocalcemia, vitamin D, and PAL analyses. Treatment aims mainly to maintain blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D within recommended limits and to reduce parathyroid response to phosphocalcic disturbances.
Current status of artificial intelligence and machine learning in breast cancer screening: A systematic review
Authors: Rushin Mahesh Patel  , Akash Jain  , Afoma Danielle Onyechi  , Jessica Ohemeng-Dapaah  , Winnie Oshoname Shaba  , Eduzor Anthony Onyechi  , Yetunde Oyenike Ogunlana  , Zalak Vipul Patel  , Mrunal Mahesh Patel  , Darshil Chandubhai Patel
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer stands as one of the most prevalent forms of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have become crucial in accurately identifying and managing various serious illnesses. This development has contributed to improved survival rates by enabling early detection and timely intervention. In our investigation, we conducted a thorough systematic review of the role of AI and machine learning in breast cancer screening. We examined articles from 2015 to 2023 across diverse databases, focusing on the intersection of breast cancer and AI. The integration of AI into existing screening procedures yields more convenient and efficient outcomes. Utilizing AI techniques in breast cancer screening offers numerous benefits, including heightened precision in results. However, the incorporation of AI presents several challenges that need systematic addressing.
Impacts and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests: A review
Authors: Lakhnarayan Kumar Bhagarathi  , Phillip N. B. DaSilva
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate published literature on the causes, impacts, implications and mitigation strategies of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests. A systematic method was utilized to access research works of literature on “Impacts and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests”. A total of fifty-three (53) research papers published between the years 1975 to 2024 was accumulated and used for this review. A subjective approach was used to select the topics: impact and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests. In this paper, five (5) roles of mangroves were assessed and presented. Anthropogenic activities that threaten mangrove forests such as land conversion, mining and logging activities and household and industrial activities were also evaluated. Further, four (4) detrimental anthropogenic activities and the potential impacts they have on natural mangrove forests and the ecosystems they thrive in was also reported on. In addition, this paper reviewed some mitigation strategies for sustainable management and conservation of our mangroves, their ecosystems and the coastlines. The published works of literature established that reduced mangrove forests, altered mangrove composition, unequal species abundance, mass mangrove mortality, pollution in mangrove areas, rising sea levels, global climate change and coastal erosion or abrasion are all effects of anthropogenic activity that have a negative impact on mangrove forests and the ecosystems. This review highlights the fact that more studies on the impact and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangroves should be done in neotropical countries since there are paucity of such information on research and published data in these biodiversity rich regions.
The results of early intervention neurodevelopmental therapy in premature infants at the age of four, according to the Bayley's III assessment tool
Authors: Theocharopoulou Fani  , Papadopoulou Ourania  , Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou Maria  , Kallistratos Ilias  , Xalkia Anna  , Savvidis Georgios  , Hristara Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The main goal of modern Neonatology is the survival of premature infants with as few problems as possible. The purpose is to preserve and care for the brain potential of Brain Care (Als H. 2006). Neurodevelopmental Care is provided to infants from birth to the age of three. It concerns infants who have developmental deficits or are at risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The goal of Early Intervention is to promote child health, enhance existing and emerging abilities, minimize developmental delay, address existing or emerging motor, cognitive, and emotional deficits, as well as prevent cognitive, functional, and limited parents and the entire family environment. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the necessity and possibilities of early intervention and physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of premature infants, according to the Bayley III assessment scale. A clinical trial demonstrating the effect of Neurodevelopmental Education on premature infants, according to the measurements of the Bayley Scale. Method: This study was designed as a clinical trial between September 2017 and August 2023. It included one hundred premature infants who were recorded and equally divided between premature infants who received simple counseling according to early intervention therapy and not any type of Neurodevelopmental Education (Group A, 25 boys, 25 girls aged 1 month and 15 days) and premature infants who received Neurodevelopmental Education therapy immediately after their discharge from the NICU (Group B, 25 boys, 25 girls aged 1 month and 15 days). Both groups received Early Intervention Neurodevelopmental Care during their stay in the NICU. Therapy will be administered by the researcher and the staff trained by the researcher himself for a period of the last 12 years. The groups were evaluated at the age of 4 years using the Bayley Scale for Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BayleyIII). It should be noted that the Bayley Scales for infant and toddler development will be examined and will serve as the research instrument of the current project. Finally, conclusions will be drawn based on the statistical analysis of the results obtained from the evaluation and comparison of the two groups.
Requirements of the experiment
Authors: João Gilberto Corrêa da Silva
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the experiment is to derive inferences about the causal effects of a subset of the characteristics of the units of a target population (explanatory characteristics - treatment factors) on characteristics that express the performance of these units (response characteristics). To achieve this objective, the effects of the treatment factors in the sample must manifest themselves as in the target population. This attempt requires the construction of a valid and representative sample of the target population. It is achieved if the experiment plan and its execution satisfy the experiment requirements. These requirements are considered in this article.
Pensare Wittgenstein
Una lettura de Il sapere senza fondamenti di A.G. Gargani
Authors: Vagelli Matteo
Published: May 2024

Through a nuanced analysis of the 1970s intellectual landscape in Italy, this book navigates the trajectory from a materialist analysis of science rooted in Marxism towards a linguistic-epistemological approach. This transition, as envisioned through Gargani’s Il sapere senza fondamenti (1975) and Wittgenstein’s philosophy, culminates in a provocative exploration of a politically infused approach to understanding science and knowledge. Under this light, the book explores the notion of ‘political epistemology,’ delineating varied perspectives on how philosophy engages with politics and how Wittgenstein’s philosophy can be politically construed. Chapters 1 and 2 reconstruct the terms of the debate on the nature and limits of science, with a specific focus on some of the positions expressed in the Italian intellectual context of the mid-1970s. By examining various historiographical perspectives and methodological approaches, these chapters define the possibility of a historical-analytical approach to the study of science and knowledge. They do so by emphasising the novelty of Aldo Giorgio Gargani’s intervention in the debate, which aimed at reassessing the ties between science and ordinary forms of knowledge and experience avoiding both purely externalist as well as purely internalist interpretations of science. Chapter 3 retraces Gargani’s reading of science to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language, especially to the reflections developed by the latter in the intermediate phase between the publication of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) and his so-called ‘second philosophy’, as expressed in the Philosophical Investigations (1953). The genesis of an analytical methodology applicable to the historical study of scientific concepts is sought in Wittgenstein’s critical views on the phenomena of fetishism inherent to language that he developed in this intermediate phase of his life and work. In Chapter 4, different and alternative possibilities are illustrated wherein philosophy engages with politics, as well as various ways of politicising Wittgenstein’s philosophy. A resolute reading of Wittgenstein on meaning and nonsense justifies maintaining the avenue for linguistic-social critique and, consequently, political change. Thus, ‘political’ epistemology enables us to return to science and its foundational discussions with an entirely different approach and methodology.
1 • Introduzione
Authors: Vagelli Matteo
Published: May 2024

Il capitolo offre una prima introduzione al problema relativo alla fondazione del sapere scientifico e alla prospettiva originale elaborata da Gargani, la quale si allontana dalle tradizionali strategie fondazionaliste. Attraverso un dialogo critico con la filosofia di Wittgenstein, Gargani riformula il problema della fondatezza del sapere, sottolineando la natura contingente e contestuale delle teorie scientifiche e aprendo nuove vie per una filosofia della scienza ‘storicizzata’.
5 • Conclusioni
Authors: Vagelli Matteo
Published: May 2024

Le conclusioni sottolineano l'importanza di una visione critica e dinamica del sapere. Si ripercorrono le tappe concettuali che rendono possibile tale visione sulla base di un'analisi ‘grammaticale’ e ‘costruttiva’ delle teorie che riveli le radici pratiche e sociali della conoscenza. L’esplorazione delle relazioni tra pratica umana e ‘strutturazione dell'esperienza comune’ da parte della scienza ha una funzione ‘terapeutica’ – mira cioè a liberarci da costrizioni concettuali e metafisiche che sembrano condannarci all’immobilismo.
La ‘fabbrica’ delle encicliche
Il processo redazionale delle encicliche pacelliane e le fonti per la sua ricostruzione (1939-58)
Authors: Dieguez Alejandro Mario
Published: May 2024

The publication of an encyclical is a defined moment of the ordinary papal magisterium. It involves a plurality of actors and procedures shrouded in secrecy. The opening of the records of Pius XII’s pontificate at the Vatican Archives allows us to uncover the workings behind his encyclicals: what were the motivations, who suggested the content of the encyclical, were there ghost writers, editors (mainly Antonio Bacci), revisers, and translators? All those who worked at the encyclicals operated under the direction of Giovanni Battista Montini (later of Angelo Dell’Acqua) and the meticulous control of a Pontiff who was open to demands from below and the needs of the Church and Society.
Comment promouvoir la paix après la bombe atomique ?
Un projet inabouti d’encyclique (août-novembre 1945)
Authors: Laffay Augustin
Published: May 2024

On 9 August 1945, Pius XII asked Alfredo Ottaviani, Assessor of the Holy Office, to set up a commission to draft an encyclical on "The Church and International Questions". The Master of the Sacred Palace Mariano Cordovani was entrusted with the task and produced a draft. From September to November 1945, the members of the Commission led to the withdrawal of Cordovani's project and the tentative beginnings of a reflection on new themes, such as the impossibility of relying solely on the doctrine of just war to resolve international conflicts. Above all, the debates made it possible to reaffirm the need for a new international order based on the political organisation of all States in order to prevent armed conflicts. The discussions were closed at the end of 1945 without the adoption of any document. The fact remains, however, that new themes were introduced in the Holy Office that would return to public debate during the Cold War and at the time of the Council.
Concluding Remarks: The Magisterium of Pius XII in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Unterburger Klaus
Published: May 2024

From the 19th century onwards, ‘teaching’ was increasingly seen as the core task of the popes; the pontificate of Pope Pius XII can be seen here as a preliminary climax of an increasing intensification of the papal teaching office, which also extended to more and more topics. It was a relatively small group of theologians from the Roman universities who determined not only the work of the Holy Office, but also the drafting of papal teaching documents. Professionalisation and a certain standardisation of papal teaching were guided by the attempt to restrict themselves to the area of principles of faith and morals. Anti-modernist tendencies remained dominant; the relationship to the succeeding pontificate and the Second Vatican Council with its divergent objectives thus remains an open question.
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR BETON BERTULANG GEDUNG HOTEL DELMARE 10 LANTAI TAHAN GEMPA DENGAN SISTEM GANDA DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Anggreini Novita Sari , Machmoed Soerjandani Priantoro
Published: May 2024

Perencanaan struktur gedung bertingkat tinggi di Kota Mataram karena berada dalam KDS D, harus dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan beban lateral akibat gempa. Oleh sebab itu, gedung Hotel Delmare direncanakan menggunakan sistem ganda, serta merujuk pada pedoman yang tercantum dalam SNI 1726-2019 dan SNI 2847-2019. Perencaan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan struktur gedung tahan gempa dengan dinding geser dan simpangan antar lantai yang sesuai dengan persyaratan sistem ganda dan peraturan SNI 1726-2019 dan SNI 2847-2019. Sistem ganda dipilih karena memiliki kelebihan antara lain memberikan kemampuan struktur yang lebih baik untuk menahan beban terutama beban gempa akibat adanya interaksi antara SRPMK dengan dinding geser yang meningkatkan kestabilan struktur dan mengatasi gaya geser yang signifikan seiring dengan ketinggian struktur bangunan yang meningkat. Perencanaan meliputi komponen struktur gedung dan pemodelan serta analisis desain struktur menggunakan program struktur. Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Hotel Delmare memenuhi standar sebagai bangunan tahan gempa. Sistem rangka pemikul momen khusus telah mampu menanggung setidaknya 25,65 persen ≥ 25 persen gaya seismik desain dan dinding geser menerima gaya gempa maksimal 74,35 persen ≤ 75 persen sesuai dengan peraturan SNI 1726-2019. Perencanaan dinding geser juga telah memenuhi persyaratan dalam SNI 2847-2019 dimana kekuatan aksial desain dari dinding struktur bernilai 247500 kN, lebih besar dibanding gaya aksial akibat beban yang terjadi, yaitu 2659,06 kN. Nilai simpangan antar lantai yang terjadi juga telah memenuhi persyaratan dalam peraturan SNI 1726-2019 dimana simpangan tingkat desain rerata bernilai 23,66 mm, kurang dari simpangan tingkat ijin 80 mm.
PERENCANAAN GEDUNG STRUKTUR BAJA TAHAN GEMPA HOTEL “HASHIRA” DI YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM RANGKA BRESING EKSENTRIK (SRBE) KONFIGURASI K – SPLIT & INVERTED K – SPLIT BRACE
Authors: Adiba Adam Yanuar , Khatulistiani Utari
Published: May 2024

Perencanaan Hotel Hashira direncanakan menggunakan struktur baja, ukuran 63 m x 35 m, luas 2205 meter persegi dan terdiri dari 10 lantai dengan ketinggian total 40 m. Yogyakarta berada di lokasi gempa dengan getaran tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, gedung direncanakan menggunakan Sistem Rangka Bresing Eksentrik (SRBE) konfigurasi K-Split­­ dan Inverted K-Split Brace. Sistem bresing eksentrik difokuskan pada link yang berfungsi untuk memecah gaya gempa sehingga gedung mampu menahan gaya gempa. Perencanaan struktur baja berdasarkan pada peraturan SNI 1729:2020 dan beban gempa berdasarkan pada SNI 1726:2019. Pembebanan mengacu pada SNI 1727:2020. Mutu baja digunakan BJ 41, dengan nilai fy = 250 MPa dan fu = 410 MPa. Mutu beton adalah f’c = 30 MPa. Hasil dari analisis struktur gedung Hotel Hashira diperoleh balok induk atap dan lantai, serta balok link arah x dan arah y menggunakan 2 tipe, yaitu WF 600.300.12.17 dan WF 700.300.13.20. Panjang element link untuk arah x dan arah y direncanakan 150 cm. Bresing menggunakan WF 400.400.13.21. Dimensi kolom menggunakan Heavy Column HC 70 (568.457.70.105). Nilai simpangan horisontal yang terjadi = 36,558 mm, lebih kecil dari nilai simpangan ijin (delta a) = 80 mm, maka struktur gedung mampu menahan beban gempa yang bekerja.
STUDI KETERSEDIAAN AIR IRIGASI DI DAERAH IRIGASI MANUMUTI, KABUPATEN KUPANG
Authors: Fanmira Widyatama , Soebagio Soebagio
Published: May 2024

Irigasi Manumuti merupakan sistem irigasi yang bersumber dari sungai Manikin, Kabupaten Kupang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Data hujan diambil dari Pos Hujan Tarus untuk pengamatan tahun 2002-2021. Karena kekurangan udara pada beberapa tahun sebelumnya, musim tanam irigasi Manumuti pada tahun 2016 dan 2019 tidak berhasil. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana sungai Manikin dapat mengairi daerah irigasi Manumuti, perlu dilakukan perhitungan ketersediaan air di sungai Manikin dengan metode FJ Mock dan NRECA yang dikalibrasi dengan pengukuran debit langsung di sungai. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan debit yang paling mendekati dengan pengukuran debit langsung di lapangan adalah FJ Mock sehingga perhitungan metode tersebut dipakai dalam perhitungan ketersediaan udara. Namun, untuk menentukan kebutuhan udara dihitung berdasarkan analisish curah hujan, analisis pola tanam yang terdiri dari penyiapan lahan, penggunaan konsumtif tanaman, perkolasi, pergantian lapisan air, kebutuhan bersih air di sawah, luas lahan, kemudian iklim dan cuaca untuk menghitung evapotranspirasi menggunakan metode Modifikasi Penman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal yaitu, ketersediaan air setengah bulanan maksimum di sepanjang tahun yang terjadi pada bulan Januari pada bagian II dengan nilai /detik. Sedangkan ketersediaan air setengah bulanan minimum terjadi pada bulan Maret, Mei, Juni, Agustus, dan Oktober pada bagian I dengan nilai /detik. Kemudian kebutuhan air irigasi minimal 0,02 /detik dan maksimal 0,15 /detik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebutuhan udara sangat tercukupi dan seharusnya intensitas tanam dapat ditingkatkan hingga 300 persen. Kenyataan di lapangan tidak sesuai dengan hasil penelitian. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penyelidikan terkait pola operasional jaringan irigasi serta kelembagaan pada jaringan irigasi tersebut.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH KERAMIK SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI AGREGAT HALUS TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BETON
Authors: Ismawati Nur Aini Ayu , Andaryati Andaryati
Published: May 2024

Pada penelitian pengaruh penggunaan limbah keramik sebagai bahan pengganti agregat halus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai mutu optimum yang dihasilkan dari pengujian kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah beton. Limbah keramik yang digunakan untuk penelitian berasal dari PT Keramik Diamond Industries, dengan variasi prosentase yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah beton normal, beton campuran limbah keramik prosentase 4 persen, 8 persen dan 12 persen dari berat total agregat halus. Perhitungan mix design dengan menggunakan metode DOE (Departement of Environment) dengan menetapkan faktor air semen yaitu 0,4. Pengujian kuat tekan pada benda uji silinder dilakukan pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari. Sedangkan pengujian kuat tarik belah pada benda uji silinder dilakukan pada umur 28 hari.  Hasil dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh nilai kuat tekan beton dengan campuran limbah keramik sebagai agregat halus memperoleh nilai tertinggi pada prosentase 12 persen limbah keramik yaitu sebesar 39,32 MPa lebih tinggi sekitar 26,31persen dibandingkan beton normal. Pada pengujian kuat tarik belah beton yang memperoleh nilai tertinggi terletak pada prosentase 12 persen limbah keramik yaitu sebesar 2,68 MPa dan mempunyai nilai kuat tarik belah yang sama dengan beton normal, sehingga limbah keramik sebagai agregat halus telah layak untuk menjadi campuran beton.
Increasing the efficiency of the automotive generator due to active rectification
Authors: Dvadnenko Volodymir , Dziubenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

Problem. Increasing fuel economy requirements for modern vehicles lead to an increase in their electrification. The rise in the number of electrical systems leads to a higher load on the electrical power supply system, with the vehicle's power load reaching 2-3 kW. Leading automobile companies have begun serial production of vehicles with the new 12/48 V power supply voltage standard. The traditional alternator used today is a synchronous alternator, and rectifier diodes are used to convert the generated AC to DC to charge the battery, which is inefficient. A study of losses in an automobile alternator shows that the diode rectifier creates a significant portion of the machine's losses at low speeds, resulting in increased fuel consumption. The solution to this problem is to use a synchronous rectifier to replace traditional rectifier diodes, thus improving the efficiency of the AC/DC rectifier. Goal: To improve the economic and environmental characteristics of a mild hybrid vehicle through the use of a synchronous two-semi-periodic rectifier with a midpoint in the car generator. Methodology: Analytical methods are used to calculate energy losses on diodes and in the phase windings of the generator when employing a two-semiperiod rectifier with a midpoint, compared to a bridge rectifier. Results: The structure, functions, and operation modes of the synchronous rectification system are considered. The effect of synchronous rectification on the generator efficiency of a mild hybrid vehicle is analyzed. It was determined which configurations of synchronous rectification are more effective from the standpoint of energy saving and under which operating conditions. It was determined that in a two-semiperiod rectifier with a midpoint, compared to a bridge rectifier, there will be the same heating of the phase windings and 2 times fewer losses on the diodes. Practical value: A version of the bridge synchronous rectification system of the 48 V generator for a mild hybrid vehicle using MOSFET transistors and specialized control IC is proposed. A synchronous rectification system and its circuit implementation for a 12 V generator based on a two-semi-periodic rectifier scheme with a midpoint is proposed, which allows increasing the energy efficiency and economy of the automobile generator.
Analysis and development of criteria for the operational efficiency of urban electric buses
Authors: Voytkiv Stanislav
Published: May 2024

Problem. Currently, manufacturers and research specialists primarily utilize the amount of autonomous mileage and/or the specific electricity consumption of autonomous DEEs per unit of mileage to describe the general characteristics of urban electric buses. However, the structural mass and the key operational parameter, the nominal passenger capacity, are often disregarded. Therefore, comparing electric buses of the same type with identical dimensional parameters based solely on these criteria is illogical and incorrect. Goal. This study aims to establish criteria for the operational efficiency of urban low-floor electric buses of various types, considering autonomous DEE and their charging or replacement systems. These criteria should account for structural mass and nominal passenger capacity, facilitating a proper comparative assessment and the selection of the most optimal options for use in urban passenger transportation systems. Methodology. Criteria for the operational efficiency of city electric buses of various types are proposed based on an analysis of electricity consumption required for both movement and the operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The criteria consider the mass in the equipped state and the main parameter - nominal passenger capacity. Results. Several operational efficiency criteria for urban electric buses, incorporating mass parameters and passenger capacity, are suggested. The feasibility of their application is demonstrated through a comparison of five sketch projects of electric buses of various types with modern models. Originality. The proposed criteria for the operational efficiency of urban electric buses offer a method for adequately comparing any selected models, regardless of their types and technical specifications. Practical value. The proposed criteria for the operational efficiency of urban electric buses of various types can be beneficial for transport company specialists in selecting suitable rolling stock for specific routes. Additionally, design bureau and scientific and technical center specialists can utilize these criteria during the design process of new urban electric transport models.
Efficiency of energy-generating tiles with different types of multipliers
Authors: Arhun Shchasiana , Hnatov Andrii , Sokhin Pavlo
Published: May 2024

Problem. With the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions, the integration of energy-harvesting technologies in urban infrastructure has become a focal point of innovation. Energy-generating tiles, transforming pedestrian movement into electricity, offer a viable path forward. Yet, their efficiency hinges on the internal design, particularly the type of multipliers used. Goal. This study aims to assess and compare the efficiency of energy-generating tiles equipped with helical and straight-cut gear multipliers, to identify the optimal design for maximizing energy conversion in urban environments. Methodology. An experimental setup was created to test prototypes of the energy-generating tiles under controlled foot traffic conditions. The study measured and analyzed the electrical output and efficiency of tiles with both types of gear multipliers, simulating real pedestrian traffic scenarios. Results. Energy-generating tiles featuring straight-cut gears outperformed those with helical gears in energy output and conversion efficiency. The research also illuminated the influence of pedestrian dynamics, like step force and frequency, on tile performance. Originality. This research advances renewable energy technology by offering a comprehensive analysis of energy-generating tile efficiency with different gear multipliers. It introduces an innovative method for evaluating tile performance, underscoring the significance of gear design in energy conversion.
Practical value. The findings have considerable implications for sustainable urban development, suggesting that implementing energy-generating tiles in areas with high foot traffic could significantly enhance urban renewable energy sources. This study not only guides the design of more efficient energy-harvesting tiles but also encourages their broader adoption, supporting urban sustainability goals and the reduction of carbon emissions.
Patriarchy and Citizenship in India: Rethinking Lone Motherhood through the Lens of Socio-legal and Policy Framework
Authors: Nigam Shalu
Published: May 2024

Motherhood is a powerful virtue. However, in a patriarchal society it is construed narrowly to uphold the heteronormative family norms which prioritize men over women. This traditional framework overlooks the diverse family forms and alienates female-headed households. Rather, families headed by lone mothers are chastened and labelled as broken, pathological, and degenerative. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and justice, the state and society alienate them, deny them visibility, and absolve themselves of the responsibilities of protecting their citizenship rights. Nevertheless, for ages, single mothers, despite all hardships, have been defying patriarchal norms and are bringing up their children solely, with little support available from their families, society, or the state. Rather, they are challenging the dominant and hegemonic `male breadwinner and the provider’ model. This work examines this active and empowered notion of motherhood, or feminist and emancipatory mothering, while focusing on how lone mothers are redefining and reshaping the socio-cultural norms to pave the social transformation through their maternal activism. With the increase in the number of female-headed households, this work recommends the need for an alternative approach to disrupt the dominant themes of victimhood, poverty, destitution, and neglect by deploying the axis of intersectionality. It suggests that the state needs to evolve a comprehensive empowerment framework to specifically recognize the entitlements of single mothers as citizens and take steps to advance their citizenship rights.
Scientific production on data repositories and open science published in the Web of Science database – Methodi Ordinatio and content analysis
Authors: Junior Sinval Adalberto Rodrigues , Texeira Marcelo Votto
Published: May 2024

The opening of scientific data proposed by the Open Science movement presupposes planning for data collection, organization and treatment, aiming at sharing, accessibility and data reuse. Data repositories have been planned as structures necessary to enable open access to data. This study aimed to analyze the influence of data repositories on the opening and sharing of scientific data proposed by the Open Science movement. The Methodi Ordinatio, developed to organize a portfolio of scientific publications, was adopted to analyze the subject 'Data Repositories' and 'Open Science'. The studies were ranked using the InOrdinatio index and the 15 best ranked studies were included and analyzed with Bardin content analysis. Most studies describe the structure involved in data repositories in the biological, chemical and health areas. The others addressed data reuse, data organization and analysis processes and tools, and data selection and classification algorithms. The units of analysis selected in the content analysis were categorized as open access, information technologies, data processing and information retrieval. Systems (processes and structures), metadata standards, ontologies, semantic web, data types and their management were addressed by these studies. It is concluded that open data repositories are growing rapidly. The production with the greatest impact has occurred in the biological and biomedical/health areas and highlights the structure involved in repositories in the area. Data repositories provide systems for depositing, managing, searching, accessing and reusing data based on processes and technologies, also developed in open source softwares, in alignment with the proposed Open Science model.
The Growth of Narco-Terrorism in Mexico: Expanding The Counternarcotic Strategy with Foreign Terrorist Designation
Authors: Deen Thomas F.
Published: May 2024

Drug Trafficking Organizations in Mexico increasingly resemble terror groups, however, as they share overlapping characteristics with other violent groups, they are not officially recognized as terrorist organizations. This manuscript reviews the debates on how to classify these organizations and the necessary criteria for labeling them as terror organizations. The development of these organizations is additionally reviewed, highlighting their progressive militarization, the deliberate targeting of civilians, and the emerging political motivations underpinning their attacks, underscoring the heightened risk they present to U.S. national security. The analysis suggests that an expansion of the existing counterstrategy to include Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) designation could prove effective. Such a strategy would enhance efforts to dismantle U.S.-based cartel operations, set new norms for counter-cartel efforts, and introduce the potential use of Special Operations Forces. This manuscript concludes with opportunities for future research and negative implications of terrorist designation.
Developing an inclusive and transparent structural brain preservation program
Authors: McKenzie Andrew Thomas , Sparks Jordan S.
Published: May 2024

Oregon Brain Preservation, a Non-Profit Mutual Benefit corporation, is launching a new program to make structural brain preservation services more accessible and transparent. The program aims to reduce financial and logistical barriers while providing transparent quality assessments through microscopy studies of biopsy samples. The preservation procedure involves aldehyde fixatives followed by long-term fluid preservation. The program will cover Oregon, Washington, and Northern California, with plans to expand geographically if we are able to secure additional philanthropic support. Research will focus on evaluating preservation quality through macroscopic examination, neuroimaging experiments, and microscopic studies of biopsy samples. The program is currently funded by philanthropy, with the goal of continuing this funding model long-term. Interested individuals can sign up by reviewing and signing the paperwork available on our website. We invite feedback, collaboration, and support in our attempt to advance the field of brain preservation and make it more accessible to all.
Is that a Guideline? Addressing Learning in Ethics Guidelines Through a PRISMA-ETHICS informed Scoping Review of Guidelines
Authors: Knight Simon
Published: May 2024

Objectives: There have been recent calls for new ethics guidelines regarding the use of artificial intelligence in research. How should we go about developing such ethics guidance documents with respect to emerging contexts such as new technologies, and established domains such as research in education? This paper provides a PRISMA-ETHICS informed scoping review of approaches to ethics guideline development, the structures of ethics guidelines, and their audiences and purposes particularly in the context of education and AI.Search and synthesis approach: A broad search of scholarly and grey literature was conducted to identify both ethics guidelines and material discussing their development; n = 592 distinct items were identified, including 182 that identified via recent reviews of AI ethics guidelines. n = 47 guideline-sets were identified as meeting our criteria as ‘guidelines’.Data extraction and analysis: Guidelines were analysed with respect to their development approach, audience and purpose, and structural elements through which guidance is delivered; most included statements regarding their development approach (79%) and audience (72%) typically in 1-2 paragraphs in the introduction. Where evidence underpinning the guidance was discussed, it was largely at a global content level (69%), rather than with respect to the specific context/domain of the guideline use, principles drawn on, or approaches and strategies one might adopt in navigating ethical issues (23, 29, and 21% respectively). Consultation with stakeholders and experts were the most common forms of evidence. Across the guidelines there are commonalities in the majority including: an overview statement of the topic, audience, and guideline purpose; an indication of rights or license describing reuse conditions; an overview of the ethical concepts and their detailed elaboration; challenging cases or edge issues; and approaches or strategies one might adopt to navigate these. However, only the first element (overview) was present in all guidelines, a finding born out in the further analysis of items relating specifically to AI and education. Recommendations regarding the development of ethics guidelines, and their structure are provided.Funding: The work was supported through internal funding providing release of the author’s time.Systematic review registration: The review was not pre-registered.
Influence of Motor Ability on Daily Living Ability in Individuals with Williams Syndrome and Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Mayall Leighanne , Tolmie Andrew , Farran Emily Kate
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to empirically assess the daily living abilities of individuals with Williams Syndrome (N=21) and individuals with Down Syndrome (N=18) using the novel Practical Daily Living Task (P-DLT), and to compare P-DLT performance to that on standardised measures of daily living (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition; VABS-II; Sparrow et al., 2016) and motor competence (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition short form BOT2-SF; Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005).Both groups demonstrated impaired motor and daily living performance. Group differences were observed on the VABS-II and some items of the P-DLT (WS < DS). Associational analyses of raw scores demonstrated that motor ability was associated with the P-DLT, but not the VABS-II, for both groups. P-DLT and VABS II were associated for the DS group only.We conclude that not all daily living skills are negatively impacted by impaired motor competence in WS or in DS, but that motor competence is strongly associated with many everyday tasks such as getting dressed, using a knife and fork, washing up and clearing up. This has implications for the potential for wide-reaching impact of training to improve motor competence, on independence for these groups.
A Comparison of a Real-world and Animated Lifeguard Environment
Authors: Sharpe Benjamin T , Smith Jenny
Published: May 2024

A variety of performance tasks have been utilized to assess lifeguard drowning detection abilities. Due tothe logistical complexities involved in capturing real-life drowning scenarios—such as securing poolfacilities, orchestrating scripted drowning events, and controlling environmental variables—recent studieshave turned to animated simulations. However, questions linger regarding the reliability of data gatheredfrom these simulated environments. To address these concerns and evaluate the validity of a previouslyemployed animated performance tool, we conducted a comparative analysis with real-world recordedtasks. Additionally, we sought to explore the impact of lifeguard experience and task duration onperformance metrics specific to lifeguarding. Our study enlisted 32 participants in a within-subject design.Consistent with prior research, individuals with lifeguarding experience demonstrated superiorperformance compared to novices. Furthermore, performance levels declined over the course of the 30-minute tasks. Our analysis revealed that the animated tool produced comparable objective performanceresults to those obtained from real-world recordings, thus affirming its external validity. Subjectiveassessments of the animated tool corroborated its ecological validity as a measure of lifeguardingperformance. These findings underscore the value of animated simulations in lifeguarding research whileemphasizing the safety considerations associated with prolonged monitoring periods.
In Search of the Missing Link: The Mediating Role of Motivation Between Student Burnout and the Demand-Resource Framework
Authors: Jagodics Balázs , Tóth Enikő , Szabó Éva
Published: May 2024

Student burnout is an important mental health issue in the context of higher education. The development of burnout symptoms can be described in the demand-resource framework, and burnout is also related to motivational factors. The current study aimed to explore the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between burnout and elements of the demand-resource framework. 773 university students participated in data collection using an online survey method that measured student burnout, demands, resources, and academic motivation. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling showed that burnout is positively related to motivation and demands, while it is negatively associated with resources and intrinsic motivation. Moreover, the analysis of indirect paths unravelled the mediating role of intrinsic motivation and amotivation in the case of demands and resources. These results confirmed that the demand-resource framework is a useful model for predicting burnout in the higher education context. Furthermore, the results expanded our understanding of the role of motivation in the development of burnout.
Development of Flexible Role-Taking in Conversations Across Preschool
Authors: Peirolo Morgane , Xu Zihan , Fourtassi Abdellah
Published: May 2024

The paper investigates the development of conversational skills in preschool children, focusing on their ability to adopt flexible roles in dialogues. We specifically analyze children's coordinated behavior in question-response-follow-up sequences, both as Initiators and Responders, using a longitudinal French corpus of child-caregiver spontaneous interactions. While preschool children showed growing sophistication in their ability to initiate and respond appropriately within conversations, they still had qualitative differences with adults, especially as initiators, suggesting further development beyond preschool. The findings contribute to our understanding of how conversational skills develop in early childhood and the role these skills play in broader cognitive and social development.
It’s a balancing act: The ratio of maladaptive (vs. all) emotion regulation strategies is associated with depression
Authors: Gadassi Polack Reuma , Paganini Gabriela , Zhang August Keqin , Dworschak Christine , Silk Jennifer Susan , Kober Hedy
Published: May 2024

Research on emotion regulation (ER) has increasingly recognized that people use multiple strategies simultaneously, often referred to as ER repertoire. Prior research found that ER repertoire is associated with psychopathology, but results have been mixed. Indeed, research from recent years suggests that it is the quality of ERs, rather than their quantity, that needs to be considered. Based on the combination of the literatures on ER repertoire, polyregulation, and ER flexibility, we propose a novel metric: the ratio of using putatively maladaptive (vs. all) ER strategies. Using this metric, we examine (1) maladaptive ER ratio changes during the transition to adolescence, a developmental period in which the prevalence of depression sharply increases, and (2) how changes in maladaptive ER ratio are associated with depressive symptoms. One-hundred and thirty-nine youths (baseline age: 8-15) reported ER strategies and depression daily for 21 days. One year later, 115 completed another 28-day daily-diary (Nassessments= 5,631). Our results show that almost all youth use at least some maladaptive ERs. Importantly, maladaptive ER ratio decreases over a year of adolescence for most youths. Conversely, an increased maladaptive ER ratio predicted depression increases on the daily and on the yearly level. These results shed light on typical and atypical development of ER flexibility and emphasize the need to consider the balance between ERs in relation to psychopathology.
Child-Caregiver Gaze Dynamics in Naturalistic Face-to-Face Conversations
Authors: Goumri Dhia-elhak , Becerra Leonor , Fourtassi Abdellah
Published: May 2024

This study examines the development of children's gaze during face-to-face conversations, following up on previous work suggesting a protracted development in attending to the interlocutor's face. Using recent mobile eye-tracking technology, we observed children interacting with their parents at home in natural settings. In contrast to previous work, we found that children, even in early middle childhood, exhibit adult-like gaze patterns toward the interlocutor. However, differences emerge in gaze allocation between speaking and listening roles, indicating that while children may focus on faces similarly to adults, their use of gaze for social signaling, such as turn-taking cues, may still be maturing. The work underscores the critical role of social context in understanding the development of non-verbal behavior in face-to-face conversation.
GURU DAN INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DI ERA MODERN
Authors: Ma'arif Ahmad Syafi'i
Published: May 2024

Inovasi Pendidikan merupakan konsep yang mengarah pada perubahan dan perbaikan dalam sistem pendidikan. Tujuannya adalah untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan yang muncul dalam proses pembelajaran.Yang mana, guru ini memiliki peran penting sebagai inovator yang harus memanfaatkan teknologi informasi agar dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang lebih menarik peserta didik dan efektif bagi peserta didik. Dengan demikian, inovasi pendidikan bukan sekadar tentang perubahan, tetapi juga tentang meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Guru perlu terus mengembangkan keterampilan inovatif mereka untuk memberikan pendidikan yang relevan dengan tuntutan zaman. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi, guru dapat menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang dinamis dan interaktif, meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses belajar-mengajar. Inovasi pendidikan menjadi kunci dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dan mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi tantangan masa depan. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi guru untuk terus berinovasi demi menciptakan pembelajaran yang inspiratif dan efektif.Yang mana oleh sebab itu terjadi inovasi di setiap masa yang mana tujuannya adalah untuk menyusuaikan pendidikan di masa depan sehingga pendidikan yang dilaksanakan oleh guru tidak membuat para peserta didik bosan dalam belajar oleh sebab itu banyak model pembelajaran digunakan.
INOVASI GURU DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Permana Muhammad Aldi
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan teknolgi di masa kini terasa semakin cepat, tak terkecuali di bidang pendidikan. Berbagai inovasi diciptakan untuk memudahkan serta menyederhanakan proses pembelajaran. Tentunya perkembangan ini tidak lepas dari peran guru sebagai seorang inovator di bidang pendidikan, inovasi inovasi yang dilakukan oleh guru diharapkan mampu membantu proses belajar mengajar pada masa kini.
Anai
Authors: Anai
Published: May 2024

Inovasi dalam pendidikan menjadi semakin penting karena adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi. Guru sebagai pendidik memiliki pesan sebagai kunci dalam menerapkan inovasi pendidikan. Dalam artikel ini akan membahas tentang konsep inovasi dalam pendidikan, peran guru sebagai inovator, dan juga bentuk dari inovasi dalam pembelajaran. Di era teknologi yang semakin maju ini, guru dituntut untuk mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis telnologi, contohnya seperti multimedia interaaktif, dan juga video pembelajaran. Urgensi dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi inovasi pendidikan juga membawa guru untuk terus belajar dan mengikuti perkembangan zaman.