bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of liver in metabolism: an updated review with physiological emphasis
Authors: Alamri Zaenah Zuhair
Published: October 2018

Liver plays an essential role in metabolism and has an important role in preserving and regulating the levels of lipid, glucose in the body as well as energy metabolism. Among the important functions performed by the liver is maintaining of blood glucose levels under different conditions through group of processes included; glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis. The absorbed free fatty acids and those derived from the adipose tissue reach the liver and are utilized for energy, membrane synthesis, or stored as triglyceride. In addition, the liver has a crucial role in keeping homeostasis of body level of cholesterol. Regarding protein metabolism, urea cycle occurs in the liver through the action of urea cycle enzymes to produce urea in order to get rid of the toxic ammonia. In the liver, cholesterol is utilized for bile acids synthesis through a complicated process. These bile acids are considered essential in order to absorb and transport of lipid-soluble vitamins dietary and fat in the diet as well as clearance of drugs, toxic substances and xenobiotics. Adding to these hepatic functions is hepatic detoxification where liver metabolizes a various type of drugs to make soluble execretable compounds. In conclusion, the liver has so important metabolic functions which if impaired will resulted in many liver diseases and might progress to more dangerous conditions such as liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Role of imaging in evaluation and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bhanu Devi K. , Varghese Joseph
Published: October 2018

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the role of imaging in diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis by comparing the evaluation findings of clinical and ultrasound of all 14 joints in arthritis affected patients under 16 years of age.Methods: Prospectively study was done on patients in age group of 0-16years, who referred to radiology department based on clinical assessment. USG is done in both shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and subtalar joints of each patient to assess the following parameters Synovial hypertrophy, joint effusion, power doppler signal, tenosynovitis, enthesitis, cartilage thinning, bone erosions and bursitis.Results: Out of 980 joints assessed 344 joints (35.1% of all joints) had clinical synovitis, while USG evidence was in 382 joints (38.9% of all joints). Among the 344 clinically positive joints (35.1% of all joints), 223 joints (64.8%) had features of synovitis in USG and the rest 121 (35.2%) joints were clinically positive turned out to be ultrasound negative. Out of 980 joints 636 joints (64.8%) were clinically negative, of these 159 joints (25%) was found to have synovitis in ultrasound and 477 joints (75%) turned out to be negative on ultrasound examination.Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound over clinical examination in shoulder joint was 47.6% and 89.1% respectively, in elbow joint 53.8% and 92.1%, in wrist joint 64.3% and 72.6%, in hip joint 65.1% and 64.9%, in knee joint 74.7% and 61.2%, in ankle joint 67.2% and 59.2% and in subtalar joint 56.7% and 71.8%, respectively.
A clinical study on nimesulide hepatotoxicity
Authors: Nair Manju K. , M. N. Rema , K. T. Shenoy
Published: October 2018

Background: Hepatic injury can occur with the use of nimesulide, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study was done to evaluate the hepatic and renal functions in patients with rheumatological complaints receiving nimesulide for 2 weeks.Methods: Fifty patients with rheumatological complaints treated at orthopaedic outpatient clinic of a tertiary care centre with nimesulide 100mg twice daily were enrolled in this study. The sociodemographic details, details of comorbidities, history of use of alcohol or tobacco, indication for treatment with nimesulide etc. were recorded in a predesigned proforma. All patients were followed up for two weeks and reviewed at the end of each week for any gastrointestinal adverse effects, changes in blood routine, liver function tests and renal function tests. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Excel 2010, analysed and results were expressed as mean and standard deviation.Results: Out of the fifty patients analysed, mean age was 39 years. 66 % were males. Among liver function tests, only serum albumin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGPT) were altered after treatment with nimesulide. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and blood routine remained normal. No gastrointestinal adverse effects were noted.Conclusions: Nimesulide produced changes in serum albumin and SGPT levels without prominent gastrointestinal or renal adverse effects.
Assessment of the diagnostic value of immunocytochemitsry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimen of childhood leprosy
Authors: Parvez Mohd. , Dayal R. , Natrajan M. , Kamal Raj
Published: October 2018

Background: Hardly any studies have been done to study diagnostic value of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimens for the diagnosis of leprosy in children. The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in cytological specimens of leprosy patients. To compare these techniques with Z.N. staining.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 24 patients (≤18 years of age) of leprosy. Clinical examination of each patient was done and categorized according to IAL. After taking consent, three skin smears was taken, one for Z.N. staining and remaining two for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively.Results: Routine skin smear examination by ZN staining method confirmed the diagnosis in 2/24 (8.3%) cases and they belonged to BL category. Immunocytochemistry showed positivity in 4/7 (57.1%) in early leprosy (BT) and 82.3% (BB/BL) in late leprosy. Immunocytochemistry improved the diagnosis by 66.7%, and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01). In situ hybridization showed the positive results in 66.6% cases of early leprosy and 86.6% cases of late leprosy (BB/BL). In situ hybridization improved the diagnosis 72.6% in comparison to ZN staining and the results were statistically significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization enhance the diagnosis of leprosy when compared to routine skin smears stained by ZN staining. They are important diagnostic tools for definitive diagnosis in early as well as established cases of leprosy.
Assessment of clinical parameters among patients with snake poison induced coagulopathy
Authors: S. Hariprasad , Sukhani Neha
Published: October 2018

Background: Snakes are poikilothermic carnivorous reptiles that have evolved the venomous apparatus for the purpose of procurement of food. Snake bite can result in local and systemic complications. Major systemic complications include acute renal failure, neurologic abnormalities requiring ventilator support and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation can result in serious life-threatening systemic complications like haemorrhage, infarction and even death if the treatment is delayed. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of the snake bite patients who develop coagulopathy and to study the role of coagulation markers to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of snake bite victims.Methods: Hundred patients consecutively admitted with history of snakebite were studied. Patients who have developed local signs of envenomation due to snake bite were included in the study group. The coagulation profile was assessed by doing blood investigations.Results: In this study, patients who developed coagulopathy had prolonged hospital stay and requirement of more blood products transfusion causing increased morbidity. 43 patients (35.8%) had platelets less than 1 lakh and approximately hospitalized for 26 days sand INR was more than 1.5 in 112 patients (93.3%) and hospitalized for 22 days and they received fresh frozen plasma. The survival rate in this study was 86% followed by 13.3% deaths.Conclusions: Use of clinical and laboratory parameter evaluation needed to identify the coagulopathy very early to reduce the hospital stay and mortality.
Prevalence of anemia amongst preschool children in rural field practice area of medical college, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Authors: Bandi Janardhan R. , Bari Sanket A.
Published: October 2018

Background: Anemia is a public health problem all over globe affecting both developed and developing countries. A situational analysis of local field practice area could ensure proper planning of preventive strategies. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of anemia in preschool children in rural field practice area of medical college, Mumbai.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 280 preschool children in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of T. N. Medical College, Mumbai during the period of May 2016 to April 2017. Hemoglobin colour scale indicator was used to grade the anemia.Results: Majority of children had mild anemia (43.93%) followed by moderate to severe anemia. Female children had (23.21%) mild anemia followed by (18.93%) moderate anemia and (2.86%) severe anemia. Male children had (20.71%) mild anemia followed by (16.07%) moderate anemia and (3.21%) severe anemia. There was no significant association of anemia with gender in pre-school children. Age, religion, socio-economic status and parent’s education showed significant association with presence of anemia.Conclusions: Anemia still remains a public health problem in the rural area. Early and targeted interventions with regular follow up need to be undertaken at grass root level to reduce its prevalence in the population.
Bioecology of Dominant Malaria Vector, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) In Iran
Authors: Vatandoost Hassan , Ali Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad , Raeisi Ahmad , Reza Abai Mohammad , Nikpour Fatemeh
Published: October 2018

Background: Malaria continues to be a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The endemic foci of the dis­ease are mainly located in south-eastern part of the country. Iran is now launching the elimination of malaria. Studies on the bioecology and susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide are essential in this phase.
Methods: The literature on bio-ecology of Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi was reviewed in Iran in more than half a century. Different aspects including, distribution, key identification, larval habitats, flight range, seasonal activities, irritability/susceptibility to insecticides, and anthropophilicity index were identified.
Results: The adult females of An. superpictus s.l. were susceptible to all WHO-recommended imagicides except DDT. Distribution, morphology, sibling species, larval habitat, flight range, Irritability tests, sustainability index, blood feed­ing preference and related factors were discussed in details
Conclusion: Results of the evaluating will help for decision making of authorities for vector control.
Safety Evaluation of Nano-Liposomal Formulation of Amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish) in Animal Model as a Candidate for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ebrahim Eskandari Seyed , Firooz Alireza , Nassiri-Kashani Mansour , Reza Jaafari Mahmoud , Javadi Amir , Miramin-Mohammadi Akram , Valian-Keshavarz Hossein , Khamesipour Ali
Published: October 2018

Background: Development of a topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important step in the im­provement of lesion management. Amphotericin B (AmB) is effective against Leishmania species but it is toxic, a Nano-liposomal form of AmB with a size of about 100nm (Lip-AmB) was developed and showed to be effective against Leishmania major, and Leishmania tropica in vitro and against L. major in vivo in animal model. This study was designed to check the irritancy Draize test in rabbits and was completed in the Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, TUMS, in 2012.
Methods: Twenty rabbits in 3 steps were housed individually with artificial lighting (12/12h light/dark). SinaAm­pholeish cream or empty liposomes (prepared under GMP condition at Minoo Company, Tehran, Iran), was applied on a gauze patch and the patches were placed on the designated sites of the skin in the back of the rabbits. At 48 and 72h later, the erythema and oedema were checked, scored and recorded.
Results: The erythema score in rabbits was 0.83+0.41 for the SinaAmpholeish and 0.5+0.55 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16). The average score for oedema was 0.67+0.52 for SinaAmpholeish and 0.33+0.52 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16).
Conclusion: Based on skin irritancy reactions the topical formulation of SinaAmpholeish is safe and could be further checked in human trials.
Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran
Authors: Amin Gorouhi Mohammad , Ali Oshaghi Mohammad , Vatandoost Hassan , Ali Enayati Ahmad , Raeisi Ahmad , Reza Abai Mohamad , Salim-Abadie Yaser , Ali Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad , Paksa Azim , Nikpoor Fatemeh
Published: October 2018

Background: Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East includ­ing south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insec­ticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin.
Methods: Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insec­ticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO.
Results: Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean ac­tivity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain.
Conclusion: Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended.
How is the practicality of technopreneurship Scientific learning model design in vocational higher education?
Authors: Hidayat Hendra , Herawati Susi , . Khairul , Tamin Boy Yendra , Syahmaidi Eril
Published: October 2018

This research is aimed to produce a design of learning model in the form of a practical technopreneurship scientific learning model for learning in higher education of vocational education and training. Type of the research is research and development. It was limited to, identify that technopreneurship scientific learning model is practical, and then the product was tested with users; lecturers and students. The questionnaire for assessing the practicality consisted of level of practicality sheet for the users. This instrument was made by using linkert measuring scale. The practicality sheet covered lecturer and students perception towards technopreneurship scientific learning model. It can be practical if it meets the criteria of aspect which is tested to the lecturer to identify attractiveness aspect, aspects of the development process, aspect of user practicality, aspect of functionality and usability, and the aspect of reliability. The result of the research shows that technopreneurship scientific learning model is practical from the lecturer’s view. Besides, from the students’ view, by identifying the students’ interest, the process of its use, improving students` activeness in learning process, the product is also practical. These research findings prove that technopreneurship scientific learning model is practical and be able to be used in higher education, especially in practice courses which expect the students to produce a good product in the form of prototype, blueprint, and concept. This technopreneurship scientific learning model can be developed and used in different courses based on the learning needs.
When Citizens Are Minority: Toward Establishing A Comprehensive Emirati SME Support System
Authors: Abdelkarim Abbas
Published: October 2018

This paper endeavours to contribute to developing a comprehensive framework of institutional support system in a situation where citizens and citizen-owned SMEs form a minority in their own country. This is significant because it is not confined only to the case study of this Paper, (United Arab Emirates), but is prevalent in all countries of Gulf Cooperation Council.

Examining the current situation of Emirati-owned SME reveals many challenges and opportunities.  After developing an empirical framework for SME support and providing analysis of the Emirati SME scene, the paper uses the benchmarking approach (and Singapore has been selected for this purpose), and refers to other relevant literature, to discuss and develop constituents of the proposed support system. It concludes that Emirati SME support system may not be sustainable if not linked to a broader strategy for the development of the country’s entire SME sector. Such a strategy, which the paper has not extended into, remains to be an area for future research.
Some Remarks on the Estimation of Informal Economy in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Asani Dashmir , Prenga Dode , Kushta Elmira
Published: October 2018

In this paper we discuss some findings on the estimation of the informal economy in a particular economical system, the Republic of Macedonia. We observed that undeviating application of standard models could produce different results and therefore some preliminary precaution has been taken. Therefore, by performing step by step analysis we conclude in acceptable values and in the evidencing of dominant factors that simulate informal economy. The work reveals the importance of model’s assumption fulfilling in the case of economic systems where observables are non-stationary and the economy itself is typically in dynamical evolution. As result of such improvement of the procedure we obtained that the country’s informal economy is going slight down starting from a local peak value touched in 2010-2011. By now it is stabilized around the values 33%-35% of GDP. We obtained herein that the majority of economic and political measures undertaken recently in the framework of informality reduction have worked in the aimed direction. From the factors point of view we obtained that contribution of some variables in the informal economy growth in the period analyzed
The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Quality of Work Life (QWL) on The Employee Work Performance with Motivation As An Intervening Variables at Industrial affairs Of South Sumatera Province
Authors: Hanafi Agustina , Bemby Soebyakto Bambang , Afriyanti Meldha
Published: October 2018

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a new concept in terms of performance analysis that is not regulated by the organization, and a formal reward system is not taken into account, but this behavior will encourage the effectiveness and efficiency of the overall organizational function. High employee performance will also be created when Quality of Work Life (QWL) provides comfort and prosperity in the work environment, because it is consideredbe able to increase the role and contribution of employees in an organization. High work motivation will also have an impact on the better performance given by employees to achieve the goals of the institution. The purpose of this research are to find out whether or not : OCB affects work motivation, QWL affects work motivation, OCB affects employee performance, QWL affects employee performance, Work motivation affects employee performance, The effect of work motivation as a mediation of OCB to employee performance, The effect of work motivation as a mediation of the QWL to work performance.
Impact of Informal Groups on Organisational Performance
Authors: Daniel Dr. Cross Ogohi
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of informal groups on organizational performance. Informal groups are a very powerful social network which are constructed in response to and through actions of their members, informal groupings when viewed on the degree of their being informal, creates a managerial burden informally for managers who require additional competences to manage their activities. Informal groups exist to achieve group interest which may not necessarily be in tandem with the overall goals of the organization. The aim of this study is to identify why employees engage in informal groups. A survey research design was adopted and copies of questionnaire were administered on 319 employees of the selected construction companies, using disproportionate stratified sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation. The questionnaire was validated using content validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by determining the correlation coefficient of the data collected at two different periods. The study discovered informal groups has a significant effect on employee performance, there is a significant relationship between informal groups and their characteristics, there is a significant relationship between informal groups and self-confidence in Nigerian construction firms and Informal groups has significant influence on organizational performance in Nigeria
Creative Problem Posing Activity (CPPA): A New Approach for Evaluating Creative Thinking Abilities in Mathematics
Authors: Koklu Dr. Onder
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze a new measurement method in the examination of the creative thinking abilities of prospective mathematics teachers. CPPA (Creative Problem Posing Activity) is a method that is revealed with the aim of measuring the creativity of teacher candidates in mathematical problem posing. CPPA has made it possible for the teacher candidates to measure creativity components of individual mathematical creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality) separately by establishing a new scoring scheme. With participating 305 mathematics teacher candidates, this research has revealed the relationship between CPPA performances and TTCT (Torrance Creative Thinking Test) performances of teacher candidates. The findings of the research show a statistically significant relationship between teacher candidates' scores on the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and their scores on the CPPA.
Research for the Investigation of Consumer Attitudes towards Online Shopping in Niğde Province
Authors: Kaplan Hatice Elanur
Published: October 2018

This research study is conducted to determine consumers’ reasons for not shopping online, to explicate their attitudes towards online purchasing behaviors, and to examine whether or not their attitudes towards online purchasing behavior differ in accordance with the descriptive characteristics of the consumers. The survey questionnaires, prepared in compliance with the aim, are conducted on 502 Niğde residents chosen by convenience sampling method. The data obtained from the survey questionnaires are analyzed via SPSS 22.0 computer software. According to the results of the study; the reasons that cause online shopping include price reduction, the economics of time and finding the best product, while the reasons of avoiding online shopping include refraining from giving out identity document and credit card information, and demanding physical product trial. Participants are determined to be such individuals within a certain age range (26-35 years) who have more positive attitudes towards online shopping rather than negative attitudes, have higher education and income levels. In the research study, it is also detected that gender, the location at which the Internet is connected, and the duration of time spent on the Internet are independent of attitudes towards online shopping.
TELAAH KRITIS PANDANGAN ULAMA DAYAH ACEH UTARA DAN ATURAN KHITENTANG ATURAN PERKAWINAN POLIGAMI
Authors: Noval Yusri
Published: October 2018

The issue of polygamy is a hot issue that to be debated continuesly. One side polygamy is claimed as exploitation and hegemony of male to female. On the other hand, polygamy is seen have normative reference and it considered as one of the solutions to solve the problems of in infidelity and prostitution. The Indonesian government has been reform the rules of polygamy. In KHI, although it adheres to the principle of monogamy, but the government is still open opportunity for polygamy. However, this rule of KHI is critized bythe dayah scholars of North Aceh. The overview of Ulama dayah is that polygamy rules made by the government out of the Shari’a corridors. Also that issueto be politicied and adopt the rules of the west to complicate polygamy practise and legalized prostitution. Therefor, this study aim to examine and analyze the rules of KHI regarding polygamy from sharia aspect, social, cultural, welfare and others. Also, analyze and critize the views and thoughts of dayah scholar about the rules of polygamy in KHI.
HAK ATAS DERAJAT PELAYANAN KESEHATAN YANG OPTIMAL
Authors: Hidayat Rif'atul
Published: October 2018

Adanya pengakuan baik menurut Hukum Nasional maupun Hukum Internasional terhadap hak atas kesehatan tidak  berarti masyarakat mempunyai hak untuk sehat. Siapapun pada dasarnya tidak mampu menjamin suatu kondisi kesehatan tertentu, baik Pemerintah maupun masyarakat.  Kondisi kesehatan individu lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan tempat tinggal dan  keturunan. Definisi-definisi hak atas kesehatan yang digunakan dalam instumen-instrumen  hak asasi manusia seperti yang telah dikemukakan,  umumnya mengacu pada “derajat kesehatan tertinggi yang dapat dicapai” (the highest attainable standard of health) sebagai sasaran hak atas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu substansi hak atas kesehatan sangat relatif, karena derajat tertinggi yang dapat dicapai tersebut dapat bervariasi sesuai waktu dan tempat.
Protecting University Students From Bullying And Harassment: A Review Of The Initiatives At Canadian Universities
Authors: Cismaru Magdalena , Cismaru Romulus
Published: October 2018

Students’ bullying and harassment have been shown to be a problem and more schools around the world are starting to address them. Although much of the attention and research has focused on middle-school students, addressing bullying and harassment in universities is important and makes the object of the present research. We provide an overview of how student versus student bullying and harassment are reported, monitored, and dealt with at Canadian educational institutions. Specifically, we identify schools where there is information and policies regarding students’ persecution; we describe how colleges help and what advice they offer; we discuss frameworks used to tackle it; as well, we present other initiatives aiming to prevent it. We also attempt to evaluate measures by linking them with incidence figures. This review may guide future initiatives to tackle intimidation with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of university environment.
Semblanza u homenaje al Dr. Gilberto Henostroza Haro
Authors: Mas López Janett
Published: October 2018

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Perfil del docente de práctica clínica en odontología desde la perspectiva del estudiante y del docente de una universidad privada
Authors: Fukuhara Mary , Castro Alicia , Flores Mirza
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: Determinar el perfil del docente de práctica clínica en odontología desde la perspectiva del estudiante y del docente en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Material y métodos: La investigación fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, descriptiva, no experimental. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó una encuesta y se aplicó un cuestionario tipo escala de Likert validada, estructurada en seis dimensiones a 177 estudiantes y a 44 docentes que participan en los cursos clínicos.  Resultados: Se encontró que de las seis di- mensiones consideradas para el perfil, el estudiante consideró como muy importantes (87%) las características y comportamientos del docente agrupadas en la dimensión Disponibilidad del docente en la clínica y la fundamen- tación de la actividad clínica es la de menor importancia (74,6%), a diferencia de lo observado en los docentes quienes consideraron que las características y comportamientos de los docentes de la dimensión fundamentación de la actividad clínica es lo más importante (97,7%) y las de menor importancia las dimensiones metodología utilizada por el docente y la dimensión disponibilidad del docente en la clínica, ambas con un 84,1%.   Encontrándose una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) en la dimensión fundamentación de la actividad clínica. Conclusiones: El perfil del docente de práctica clínica desde la perspectiva del estudiante y del docente es diferente, mostrando una diferencia significativa en la dimensión fundamentación de la actividad clínica.
Grado de microfiltración marginal utilizando adhesivos con técnica grabado total y grabado selectivo del esmalte
Authors: Castro Fuentes Luis Omar , Medina y Mendoza Julia Elbia , Moscoso Sánchez María Elena , Huertas Mogollón Gustavo , García Rupaya Carmen Rosa
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: Comparar in vitro el grado de microfiltración marginal obtenido en las restauraciones de resina com- puesta realizadas con la técnica grabado total de tres pasos y con grabado selectivo del esmalte con autograbante de dos pasos. El estudio fue prospectivo, transversal, experimental y comparativo. Material y Métodos: Fueron utilizados 28 premolares, divididos en dos grupos de 14 muestras cada uno a los cuales se les aplicó dos tipos de técnica adhesiva: Un grupo (A) con la técnica grabado total de tres pasos con el sistema adhesivo Optibond FL (Kerr); y grupo (B) con la técnica grabado selectivo del esmalte con autograbante de dos pasos con el sistema adhesivo Optibond XTR (Kerr). Posteriormente obturadas con resina compuesta Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) y sometidas al proceso de termociclaje durante 500 ciclos de 5°C y 55°C. La microfiltración fue evaluada a través de un índice de profundidad de microfiltración mediante la penetración de azul de metileno al 2 % y observada con microscopio estereoscopio. Resultados: Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba estadística U de Mann-Whitney, determinándose que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p≥0,05) entre ambas técnicas adhesivas. Se observó una mayor cantidad de piezas dentarias sin microfiltración en el grupo B (28,6%) sobre el grupo A (7,1 %). Conclusiones: El grado de microlfiltración marginal obtenido en ambas técnicas adhesivas presentó resultados similares.
Índice de caries y de higiene oral en un grupo de pacientes autistas
Authors: Morales-Chávez Mariana , Villarroel-Dorrego Mariana
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: Determinar el Índice de Caries CPO-D, ceo-d y el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado en un grupo de pacientes autistas y controles sanos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal donde se seleccionaron 34 autistas y 34 niños sanos de género masculino entre 4 y 13 años. Se determinó el índice CPOD y el IHO-S. Todos los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS a través de la prueba de chi cuadrado y el test de Student para muestras independientes. Resultados: El 20,60 % de los pacientes autistas y el  73,50% de los controles presentaban caries (p≤0,001), siendo el Índice CPO-D de 1±1 y ceo-d de 0 en los pacientes autistas y 3±2 y 0 en los controles (p≤0,001). En relación al IHO-S, los valores fueron de 2,25±0,78 en los pacientes autistas y de 1.79±0,59 en los controles (p=0,008). Conclusiones:Los índices de caries fueron menores en los pacientes autistas y los Índices de Higiene Oral fueron mayores.
Regards croisés entre éleveurs et citoyens français : vision des citoyens sur l’élevage et point de vue des éleveurs sur leur perception par la société
Authors: DELANOUE Elsa , DOCKES Anne-Charlotte , CHOUTEAU Alyzée , ROGUET Christine , PHILIBERT Aurore
Published: October 2018

Le regard que la société française porte sur l’élevage évolue du fait des transformations sociales et de l’évolution importante des systèmes de production. Face à ces enjeux, différents travaux d’analyse des points de vue des acteurs de l’élevage, des filières et de la société ont été conduits sur l’élevage et les remises en cause dont il fait l’objet. Une analyse sociohistorique permet de souligner l’ancrage historique de ces préoccupations et leurs évolutions. A partir d’enquêtes qualitatives et quantitatives et d’un cadrage théorique en sociologie des controverses, nous montrons, d’une part, que les attentes des citoyens envers l’élevage sont variées mais qu’une sensibilité envers le bien-être des animaux est en passe de se généraliser, et d’autre part, que ces attentes sociétales commencent à être considérées sérieusement par le monde de l’élevage dans l’adaptation de ses pratiques. Cinq visions pour l’élevage de demain, portées par différents profils d’acteurs, coexistent : les abolitionnistes, les alternatifs, les progressistes, les compétiteurs et les indifférents. Les stratégies des filières pour répondre à ces préoccupations sociales et améliorer les relations entre la société et l’élevage dans sa globalité passent par la mise en œuvre de chartes de bonnes pratiques ou de démarches de démarcation sur le mode de production. Plus globalement, cet article illustre l’intérêt du recours aux méthodes et concepts de la sociologie des controverses pour comprendre les débats autour de l’élevage et nourrir la réflexion des acteurs sociaux impliqués.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Hendri Sherlyane , Kenedi Ary Kiswanto
Published: October 2018

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan hal yang penting dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa adalah mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis Discovery Learning. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model Plomp, yang terdiri dari tahap pendahuluan, tahap pengembangan atau prototipying, dan tahap penilaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan langkah-langkah evaluasi formatif untuk mengembangkan dan menilai instrumen. Setelah melewati proses revisi sesuai penilaian dan saran validator, diperoleh bahan ajar matematika berbasis discovery learning yang valid dari segi isi dan konstruk. Bahan ajar ini juga praktis dalam kemudah penggunaan dan sesuai waktu yang diberikan. Selain itu, bahan ajar ini efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.
Pengaruh Teknik Tiru Model Berbasis Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Keterampilan Memproduksi Teks Negosiasi Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang
Authors: Febrimora Bunga , Silvia Mimi
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Pertama, mendeskripsikan tingkat keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang sebelum diterapkan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning. Kedua, mendeskripsikan tingkat keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang sesudah diterapkan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning. Ketiga, menganalisis pengaruh penerapan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning terhadap keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-test and post-testone group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang yang terdaftar pada tahun pelajaran 2017 sebanyak 442 siswa. Sampel pada penelitian adalah siswa kelas X TKJ-1 yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut ini. Pertama, keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi sebelum diterapkan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning berada pada kualifikasi “cukup” (63,06). Kedua, keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi sesudah diterapkan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning berada pada kualifikasi “lebih dari cukup” (75,66). Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh penerapan teknik Tiru Model berbasis model Problem Based Learning terhadap keterampilan memproduksi teks negosiasi siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang setelah dilakukan uji-t pada taraf 0,95, diperoleh thitung> ttabel atau 5,36>1,75.Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Hi diterim
Short-term Outcome of Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pan Pradyumna
Published: October 2018

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature of the disease, the surgical procedures, complications, and survival of preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from two tertiary care referral neonatal intensive units in central India.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of a cohort of 110 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 36 weeks and weight less than 1600 g infants diagnosed to have NEC were followed for 90 days. All the neonates were born between January 2015 and December 2017 and treated at two neonatal intensive care units. Infants with sepsis, congenital gastrointestinal anomalies, major cardiac problems, and intraventricular hemorrhage were excluded.Results: Mean gestational age in this cohort was 32.40 ± 3.87 weeks, and the mean age of NEC onset was 13.04 ± 3.54 postnatal days. There were 39 neonates with Stage 1, 45 with Stage 2, and 26 with stage 3 NEC. Pneumoperitoneum, positive paracentesis and progressive clinical deterioration were the indications for laparotomy. The most common complications were sepsis 97/110 (88.18%). Post-operative complications occurred in 22 (84.61%) infants, wound infection in 19 (73.07%), intestinal stricture in 9 (34.61%), wound dehiscence in 7 (26.92%), stoma stenosis in 3 (11.53%), ileostomy prolapse in 2 (7.69%), and burst abdomen in 1 (3.84 %). The overall 90-day survival rate was 87.27% (96/110), and the post-operative survival rate was 46.15% (12/26). The age of gestation, weight, and extent of the disease were the main risk factor for mortality.Conclusion: The short-term outcomes for Stage 3 NEC were associated with high morbidity and mortality. The outlook for infants with Stage 1 and 2 NEC was favorable.
Novel Technologies for Dipeptide Drugs Design and their Implantation
Authors: Gudasheva Tatiana A. , Ostrovskaya Rita U. , Seredenin Sergey B.
Published: October 2018

The article is an overview of author’s data obtained in the framework of the project “The Creation of
dipeptide preparations” at the V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia. Advantages of dipeptides
over longer peptides consist in that they are orally active owing to higher stability and ability to penetrate
biological barriers due to the presence of specific ATP–dependent transporters in enterocytes and blood-brain
barrier. Two original approaches for dipeptide drugs design have been developed. Both of them are based on the
idea of a leading role of central dipeptide fragment of the peptide chain beta-turn in the peptide-receptor interaction.
The first approach, named "peptide drug-based design" represents the transformation of known nonpeptide
drug into its dipeptide topological analog. The latter usually corresponds to a beta-turn of some regulatory peptide.
The second approach represents the design of tripeptoide mimetic of the beta-turn of regulatory peptide or
protein. The results of the studies, which led to the discovery of endogenous prototypes of the known non-peptide
drugs piracetam and sulpiride, are presented herein. The paper discusses the process, based on the abovementioned
principles, that was used in designing of nontoxic, orally available, highly effective dipeptide drugs:
nootropic noopept, dipeptide analog of piracetam; antipsychotic dilept, neurotensin tripeptoid analog; selective
anxiolytic GB-115, tripeptoid analog of CCK-4, and potential neuroprotector GK-2, homodimeric dipeptide analog
of NGF.
Trends in Care and Treatment for Persons Aged ≥13 Years with HIV Infection 17 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2012-2015
Authors: Karch Debra L. , Dong Xueyuan , Shi Jing , Hall H. I.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Care and viral suppression national goals for HIV infection are not being met for many at-risk groups. Assessment of the trends in national outcomes for linkage to care, receipt of care, and viral suppression among these groups is necessary to reduce transmission.

Methods:

Data reported to the National HIV Surveillance System by December 2016 were used to identify cases of HIV infection among persons aged 13 years and older in one of 17 identified jurisdictions with complete laboratory reporting. We estimated national trends in HIV-related linkage to care, receipt of care and viral suppression using estimated annual percent change from 2012-2015 for various characteristics of interest, overall and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Overall, trends in linkage to and receipt of care and viral suppression increased from 2012-2015. Generally, linkage to and receipt of care increased among young black and Hispanic/Latino males, those with infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, and those not in stage 3 [AIDS] at HIV diagnosis. All sub-groups showed improvement in viral suppression. Within years, there remains a substantial disparity in receipt of care and viral suppression among racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusion:

While trends are encouraging, scientifically proven prevention programs targeted to high-risk populations are the foundation for stopping transmission of HIV infection. Frequent testing to support early diagnosis and prompt linkage to medical care, particularly among young men who have male to male sexual contact, black and Hispanic/Latino populations, are key to reducing transmission at all stages of disease.
Recommendations for the Use of Removable Dentures in Patients with Acantholytic Pemphigus and their Evaluation
Authors: Genyk Bogdan
Published: October 2018

The recommendations, offered by us, as for the use of removable dentures in patients with acantholytic pemphigus using a multicomponent remedy based on chitosan are described in the article to provide an analgesic and wound-healing effect in patients with acantholytic damage of the prosthetic bed tissues.Objective of the study. To improve the conditions for the use of removable dentures for acantholytic pemphigus patients.Materials and methods. The study involved 56 patients with acantholytic pemphigus, aged 45 to 63 years old, who were divided into 2 clinical groups. The main group used removable dentures according to our recommendations; the comparison group used removable dentures in accordance with generally accepted recommendations. Methods for determining the intensity of the pain syndrome and the subjective responses of patients about the state of health were used to evaluate the ultimate results.Results of the research and their discussion. Improvement of general state according to the data of a subjective survey in the main group was observed in 20 patients, which was 71.42% during the 7th day; and in 27 patients during the 14th day, which was 96.42%. In the comparison group, patients who subjectively felt better were 35.71% during the 7th day and 57.14% during the 14th day, respectively.Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the necessity to develop, implement and improve the recommendations for the inclusion into the protocol of the use of removable orthopedic structures of dentures in patients with acantholytic lesions of the prosthetic bed tissues.
Apontamentos para uma história literária
Authors: Moura Aline de Almeida
Published: October 2018

No presente trabalho, refletirei sobre a atuação de aspectos afetivos, que entendo como característicos aos fenômenos culturais e literários, como relevantes também na produção de saberes no campo da historiografia literária. Nesse horizonte, será proposta uma epistemologia que não seja apenas centrada na razão, mas que também ofereça espaço para a copresença do corpo e dos afetos na produção de saber.
Representações visuais da morte na edição de livros em Portugal. Estudo exploratório sobre as emoções veiculadas
Authors: Frade Mafalda , Baptista Maria Manuel
Published: October 2018

A evolução imagética a que o mercado livreiro tem obrigado na última década, por força de uma competição cada vez mais intensa por leitores e por espaço/tempo nas livrarias, reflete-se de forma premente nas capas de livros, cujo design adquiriu uma enorme importância por apelar às emoções (motivando assim o consumo). As múltiplas obras sobre doença e morte editadas nos últimos anos em Portugal não escapam a esta tendência. Neste âmbito, o presente estudo procura analisar as diferenças e semelhanças na representação visual da morte nas capas destes livros, tendo em conta diversos parâmetros, como: sexo dos sujeitos, faixa etária, doenças específicas, autores e tipo de editoras. Através desta análise, identificaremos as regularidades e constantes presentes nas capas, procurando descobrir que mensagem veicula cada uma delas, de forma a compreendermos de que modo estes livros demonstram, nas suas capas, as conceções culturais e emoções que rodeiam estes assuntos.
EFFECT OF FEEDING WITH HERB OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA TO BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE COCOON FIBER OF WILD SILK MOTH ATTACUS ATLAS FOR FUTURE APPLICATION AS BIOCOMPATIBLE OF SILK SUTURES
Authors: Nindhia Tjokorda Sari , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Surata I Wayan , Knejzlik Zdenek , Ruml Tomas
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Silk is biocompatible as biomaterial and has been used commercially as sutures. More interesting properties of the silk are that the mechanical properties exceed all natural polymer and synthetic materials. In this research, a type of silk suture is being developed from species of Attacus atlas to obtain better biocompatible sutures. A. atlas is a species of silk moth that consume not only single types of leaves. The Quality of cocoon fiber then can be arranged base on the types of the leaves that is consumed. Better biocompatibility sutures comparing with recent commercial silk sutures which is not biocompatible, can be achieved by feeding with variety types of leaves. Silk suture that already established in the market is a base product of Bombyx mori species of silk which is only consume one type of leaf (mulberry leaves).Methods: In this research, the A. atlas cocoon was produced by feeding with herb Erythrina variegate. The microstructure was observed, element composition as well as biocompatibles properties was investigated.Results: A high composition of kalium (K) as well as chloride (Cl) is identified in the fiber. The released fiber from cocoon also indicates high biocompatibility that is promising as biocompatible suture.Conclusion: The biocompatible fiber for future application as sutures is possible to be prepared by feeding the wild silkworm of A. atlas with leaf of E. variegate. The fiber is found rich with kalium (K) as well as chloride (Cl) with irregular shape of crystal at the surface of the fiber.