bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vegetation resistance to increasing aridity when crossing thresholds depends on local environmental conditions in global drylands
Authors: Abel Christin , Maestre Fernando T. , Berdugo Miguel , Tagesson Torbern , Abdi Abdulhakim M. , Horion Stephanie , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: July 2024

The crossing of aridity thresholds triggers abrupt changes in multiple functional and structural ecosystem attributes across global drylands. While we understand the consequences associated with aridity thresholds, the key factors influencing dryland vegetation resistance when crossing them remain unclear. Here, we used field observations from 58 dryland sites across five continents and satellite remote sensing data (2000-2022) to show that plant richness, soil moisture dynamics and texture, and bare soil fraction are important variables contributing to vegetation resistance. Additionally, drought history (frequency and magnitude of past droughts) is important in interaction with plant richness and soil texture. Interestingly, plant species richness was negatively related to vegetation resistance, except in areas with higher drought history and in grasslands. Our results highlight that vegetation resistance depends on local environmental conditions. Enhancing our understanding of the factors important for vegetation resistance is an important step towards dryland conservation efforts and sustainable management strategies.
Diversity of cross-Pacific atmospheric river main routes
Authors: Pan Mengxin , Lu Mengqian , Lall Upmanu
Published: July 2024

Atmospheric rivers distribute heterogeneously over the North Pacific. Here, we identify five cross-Pacific atmospheric river main routes (i.e., preferred migratory path) by Self-organizing map automatically. They originate from East Asia or the western North Pacific and terminate over western North America or Alaska. The cross-Pacific atmospheric river events are emphasized because they bring more long-lasting precipitation when landfalling over North America. In the synoptic scale, the presence and configurations of the intensive pressure dipole are the keys to cross-ocean ability and propagation direction of atmospheric rivers. In the interannual time scale, tropical oceanic forcing is found for the cross-Pacific atmospheric river from southeast China to the contiguous United States (i.e., in-phase Eastern Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the basin-wide mode of Indian Ocean) and the other two types of cross-Pacific atmospheric river events are more related to atmospheric internal variability (e.g., North Pacific Oscillation) with succeeding oceanic response.
From countercultural ecovillages to mainstream green neighbourhoods—a view on current trends in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen-Englyst Camilla , Gausset Quentin
Published: July 2024

This paper describes how the ecovillage model for sustainability is currently spreading in Denmark through two different avenues. The first avenue is the creation of new eco-communities inspired by the ecovillage movement but created through top-down municipal support or from the side by the involvement of professional community builders. The second avenue is the spread of some aspects of the ecovillage model to mainstream housing neighbourhoods through the green neighbourhood movement, when neighbours meet, discuss what kind of sustainable interests they share, and act together to live more sustainably. Although eco-communities and green neighbourhoods will probably achieve less impressive carbon footprint reductions than ecovillages, they are exploring interesting avenues through which the spread of the ecovillage model, which is slow, costly, and exclusive, can be speed up and can trigger a mass movement that has the potential of bringing widespread changes.
Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) insusceptibility to mucosal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is not caused by receptor compatibility
Authors: Port Julia R. , Riopelle Jade C. , van Tol Sarah , Wickenhagen Arthur , Bohrnsen Eric , Sturdevant Daniel E. , Rosenke Rebecca , Lovaglio Jamie , Lack Justin , Anzick Sarah L. , Cordova Kathleen , Yinda Kwe Claude , Hanley Patrick W. , Schountz Tony , Kendall Lon V. , Shaia Carl I. , Saturday Greg , Martens Craig , Schwarz Benjamin , Munster Vincent J.
Published: July 2024

The ancestral sarbecovirus giving rise to SARS-CoV-2 is posited to have originated in bats. While SARS-CoV-2 causes asymptomatic to severe respiratory disease in humans, little is known about the biology, virus tropism, and immunity of SARS-CoV-2-like sarbecoviruses in bats. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to infect multiple mammalian species, including various rodent species, non-human primates, and Egyptian fruit bats. We show that SARS-CoV-2 can utilize Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) ACE2 spike for entry in vitro. Therefore, we investigate the Jamaican fruit bat as a possible in vivo model to study reservoir responses. We find that SARS-CoV-2 Delta does not efficiently replicate in Jamaican fruit bats in vivo. We observe infectious viruses in the lungs of only one animal on day 1 post-inoculation and find no evidence of shedding or seroconversion. This is possibly due to host factors restricting virus egress after aborted replication. Furthermore, we observe no significant immune gene expression changes in the respiratory tract but do observe changes in the intestinal metabolome after inoculation. This suggests that, despite its broad host range, SARS-CoV-2 is unable to infect all bat species, and Jamaican fruit bats are not an appropriate model to study SARS-CoV-2 reservoir infection.
A novel NIR fluorescent probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hong Sai , Gan Yabing , Liu Dian , Yu Ting , Zhou Huijun , Li Haitao , Liu Feng , Yin Peng
Published: July 2024

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe was developed for selectively monitoring hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This probe was successfully applied to detect H2S in living cells, zebrafish, and hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models.
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for latent fingerprint detection
Authors: Bera Sonali , Selvakumaraswamy Abishake , Nayak Biswa Prakash , Prasad Puja
Published: July 2024

This highlight summarizes the advancements in aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) for visualizing latent fingerprints.
Tunable electrochemical diverse sulfurization of sulfoxonium ylides with disulfides
Authors: Hu Xinwei , Zhong Kaihui , Ruan Zhixiong
Published: July 2024

We herein reported a tunable electrochemical diverse sulfurization of sulfoxonium ylides with disulfides for the synthesis of sulfursulfoxonium ylides and 1,3-dithioketals.
Recent advances of aggregation-induced emission luminogens for point-of-care biosensing systems
Authors: Jian Xiaoxia , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo
Published: July 2024

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based POC detection is important for diagnosis of diseases and assessment of the effectiveness of treatment programs. This review summarized the advancement of the design and application of AIE-based POC biosensors.
A lanthanide tag for a complementary set of pseudocontact shifts
Authors: Topping Lydia , Welegedara Adarshi P. , Judd Martyna , Abdelkader Elwy H. , Cox Nicholas , Otting Gottfried , Butler Stephen J.
Published: July 2024

We present a new lanthanide tag C14, which differs from our C12 tag by a single oxygen atom and generates distinct and complementary pseudocontact shifts, enhancing protein structure determination via paramagnetic NMR, EPR and emission spectroscopy.
Recent advances in electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based substrates
Authors: Zheng Yu , Chen Chunxi , Lu Yanju , Huang Shenlin
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes recent advances in the electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based precursors and their underlying mechanisms.
One-pot preparation and the electrochemical properties of the composite of the NiCo bimetallic organic framework and carbon quantum dots
Authors: Wang Guoping , Zhang Lilei , Tang Tian , Liao Sen
Published: July 2024

By adding carbon dots to NiCo-MOF to enhance its electrochemical properties and screening the materials synthesised from different carbon sources, the composites synthesised from isocitric acid as the carbon source had the best performance.
Multiple synthesis routes for atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters
Authors: He Lizhong , Dong Tingting
Published: July 2024

This short review was designed to summarize the advances in synthesis methods of atomically precise metal nanoclusters.
Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric performance of monolayer CdGaInS4: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Kuang Fangguang , Kang Shuying , Huang Wei , Xu Yongqiang , Qi Yu
Published: July 2024

The high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of monolayer CdGaInS4.
Growth mechanism of aromatic prebiotic molecules: insights from different processes of ion–molecule reactions in benzonitrile–ammonia and benzonitrile–methylamine clusters
Authors: Chen Xutao , Li Yujian , Xie Min , Hu Yongjun
Published: July 2024

Our spectroscopic study identified cyclic H-bonded structures in benzonitrile–ammonia (BN–NH3) and benzonitrile–methylamine (BN–MA) complexes. After ionization, the (BN–NH3)+ forms a C–N bond, while the (BN–MA)+ develops a proton-shared structure.
Maximizing blue energy: the role of ion partitioning in nanochannel systems
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Deb Debarthy , Nandy Adhiraj , Shen Amy Q. , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: July 2024

This study describes a numerical analysis on blue energy generation using a charged nanochannel with an integrated pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte layer (PEL), considering ion partitioning effects due to permittivity differences.
Modulation of the conformational landscape of the PDZ3 domain by perturbation on a distal non-canonical α3 helix: decoding the microscopic mechanism of allostery in the PDZ3 domain
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Dhibar Saikat , Jana Biman
Published: July 2024

Elucidating allosteric signal transduction in the PDZ3 domain: the pivotal role of the distal α3 helix in modulating conformational landscape and ligand binding affinity.
Ab initio electronic structure analysis of ground and excited states of HfN0,+
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R.
Published: July 2024

Full potential energy curves, energetics, and spectroscopic constants of several low-lying electronic states of HfN and HfN+ are calculated and reported using multireference and coupled cluster theories.
Fluorescence quenching of deprotonated phenylurea through twisting motion induced by an electron-donating substituent group
Authors: Su Hang , Yang Qian , Jiang Meng-Huan , Peng Ya-Jing , Gao Jun , Liu Yu-Hui , Zhu Chaoyuan
Published: July 2024

Different protons would transfer in the excited state depending on electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents, leading to different luminescence mechanisms.
Self-formed asymmetric Schottky contacts between graphene and WSiGeN4
Authors: Zhang Dingbo , Zhao Fengai , Wang Hongyan , Ni Yuxiang
Published: July 2024

An asymmetric vdW graphene/WSiGeN4/graphene diode demonstrates a remarkable asymmetric I–V curve. Its carrier transport mechanisms are primarily governed by thermionic excitation under positive bias and tunneling under negative bias.
An investigation of the structural and electronic origins of enhanced chemical looping air separation performance of B-site substituted SrFe1−xCoxO3−δ perovskites
Authors: Fan Qianwenhao , Li Haiyan , Saqline Syed , Donat Felix , Tan Mingwu , Tao Longgang , Müller Christoph R. , Xu Zhichuan J. , Liu Wen
Published: July 2024

Substitutional doping of Co to SrFeO3 could significantly boost the oxygen uptake-release efficiency of chemical looping air separation.
Ultrasound-assisted nucleation and growth of hydroxyl-protected and ligand-free Cs3Cu2X5 nanocrystals with bright luminescence
Authors: Xu Zhiqun , Luo Dengfeng , Wu Pei , Hou Bo , Zhang Zhihao , Wang Shuqiang , Gao Teng , Huang Guobin , Fang Lan
Published: July 2024

Preparation of high-quality, environmentally friendly, and lead-free Cs3Cu2X5 NCs using a single-step ultrasound-assisted nucleation and growth strategy, and their potential application in WLED electronic devices.
Studies of NiO/Ag/NiO transparent conducting electrodes on NiO and ZnO Schottky diodes
Authors: Hwang Jun-Dar , Lee Yuan-Hsi
Published: July 2024

A NiO/Ag/NiO transparent conducting electrode was deposited on NiO and ZnO to study the physical and electrical properties of Schottky diodes.
Enhanced photoelectric performance of Bi2O2Se/CuInP2S6 heterojunction via ferroelectric polarization in two-dimensional CuInP2S6
Authors: Wang Di , Wu Qiong , Shan Kaihan , Han Mengwei , Jiang Wenyu , Meng Weiting , Zhang Yanqing , Xiong Weiming
Published: July 2024

Photoelectric performance of the Bi2O2Se/CuInP2S6 heterojunction has been enhanced via ferroelectric polarization in two-dimensional CuInP2S6.
Molecular asymmetry and rigidification as strategies to activate and enhance thermally activated delayed fluorescence in deep-blue MR-TADF emitters
Authors: Weerasinghe Rangani Wathsala , dos Santos John Marques , Chitose Youhei , Matulaitis Tomas , Warriner Stuart L. , Barman Debasish , Chan Chin-Yiu , Tsuchiya Youichi , Zysman-Colman Eli , Adachi Chihaya
Published: July 2024

Two novel deep-blue multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters, 1B-CzCrs and 2B-CzCrs, containing a fused carbazole unit were synthesized.
Protein desulfurization and deselenization
Authors: Diemer Vincent , Roy Eliott , Agouridas Vangelis , Melnyk Oleg
Published: July 2024

Chopping protein thiols or selenols provides powerful tools for chemical protein synthesis.
Improved nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis through concerted proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Yu Guanqiao , Guo Zilu , Li Yuefei , Huang Shan , Li Jiayuan
Published: July 2024

Phytate coordination effectively accelerates proton adsorption/activation kinetics through a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer pathway. This leads to one order of magnitude activity enhancement for nitrate-to-ammonia electrocatalysis.
Magnetic behaviour of a spin-canted asymmetric lanthanide quinolate trimer
Authors: Batista Lester , Paul Sagar , Molina-Jirón Concepción , Jaén Juan A. , Fensker Dieter , Fuhr Olaf , Ruben Mario , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio
Published: July 2024

Despite showing a spin-canted arrangement and antiferromagnetic coupling, the asymmetric trinuclear complex is an SMM with open loops at sub-Kelvin temperatures. The effect of canting and interactions on the relaxation characteristics is discussed.
Dual-nodes bridged cobalt-modified Keggin-type polyoxometalate-based chains for highly efficient CO2 photoconversion
Authors: Chen Xin-Lian , Wu Jie , Wang Ji-Lei , Liu Xiao-Mei , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: July 2024

Three isostructural Keggin-type POM-based compounds (SiW12M2), exhibit a stable 1D chain stabilized by two [M(pyim)2]22+ fragments as dual-nodes. Under light irradiation, SiW12Co2 exhibited a remarkable CO generation rate of 10 733 μmol g−1 h−1.
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical conversion of biomass: recent progress, mechanistic insights and potential scalability
Authors: Jin Caidi , Han Mingxia , Wu Yuheng , Wang Shurong
Published: July 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview on the mechanism of photoelectrochemical biomass conversion and highlights the extension of dual-function photoelectrochemical cells for biomass valorization paired with more valuable half-reactions.
Combined oxidation and in situ coagulation in an iron-activated sulfite process for tribromophenol removal in an actual water matrix
Authors: Bai Fan , Wang Zongping , Wan Guodong , Cao Lisan , Cheng Yujie , Chen Zhenbin , Xie Pengchao
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates that Fe(iii)/S(iv) pre-oxidation and in situ coagulation exhibit a synergistic effect, with in situ generated Fe(iii) showing superior performance compared to pre-formed Fe(iii) during the pre-oxidation process.
Exploring the crystallisation of aspirin in a confined porous material using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Juramy Marie , Besson Eric , Gastaldi Stéphane , Ziarelli Fabio , Viel Stéphane , Mollica Giulia , Thureau Pierre
Published: July 2024

In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to investigate the crystallisation behaviour of aspirin within a mesoporous SBA-15 silica material.
Microporous carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from a pyrolyzed polymer
Authors: Lang Jaroslav , Bednárek Jan , Ritz Michal , Kormunda Martin , Zelenka Tomáš , Vaštyl Michal , Gavlová Anna , Kolská Zdeňka , Férová Marta
Published: July 2024

A new carbonaceous adsorbent prepared via the pyrolysis of a temperature-resistant polymer was tested for the adsorption of two drugs.
Lignin-based vitrimers: valorization and utilization of lignin in high-value applications
Authors: Karoki Peter K. , Zhang Shuyang , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: July 2024

We review recent advances in the utilization of lignin as a viable alternative to fossil-based feedstock in the synthesis of a wide range of vitrimeric materials targeted towards the achievement of a sustainable and circular economy.
Fair surface modification with mixed alkanethiols on gold nanoparticles through minimal unfair ligand exchange
Authors: Xiong Kun , Nagayama Masaharu , Ijiro Kuniharu , Mitomo Hideyuki
Published: July 2024

Ligand exchanges between alkanethiols at gold surfaces were demonstrated as a cause of unfair surface modification of gold nanoparticles with mixed alkanethiols. Kinetic analyses suggested an importance of moderate reaction conditions.
Synergistic integration of MXene nanostructures into electrospun fibers for advanced biomedical engineering applications
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Wang Shan , Zheng Minyan , Ma Zhanying , Chen Yan , Deng Lingjuan , Xu Weixia , Fan Guang , Khademolqorani Sanaz , Banitaba Seyedeh Nooshin , Osman Ahmed I.
Published: July 2024

MXene-based architectures have paved the way in various fields, particularly in the healthcare area, owing to their remarkable physiochemical and electromagnetic characteristics.
Cucurbit[8]uril-mediated triphenylamine coumarin derivative cascade assembly for NIR targeted cell imaging
Authors: Yu Zhen-Hai , Wang Hui-Juan , Cheng Qingwen , Zhang Heng-Yi , Liu Yu
Published: July 2024

A multilevel supramolecular cascade assembly has been constructed, and the ternary supramolecular network can undergo coassembly with Cy5 to display an efficient FRET platform, achieving targeted NIR cell imaging.
A sustainable layered double hydroxide-pine cone biochar (LDH/PCBC) composite for enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin from water
Authors: Bobde Prakash , Pandey Jitendra Kumar , Kumar Ranjit , Sharma Amit Kumar , Pal Sukdeb , Wadhwa Shikha
Published: July 2024

To address ciprofloxacin's (CPF) persistent presence in water, LDH modified PCBC is developed as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for its removal.
Effect of substitution on second-order nonlinear optical properties of ferrocene appended donor–π–acceptor Y-shaped trifluoromethyl imidazole chromophores
Authors: Prabu Selvam , Fagnani Francesco , Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Roberto Dominique , Mathivathanan Logesh , Palanisami Nallasamy
Published: July 2024

Substitution of an imidazole ring creates a steric effect and restricts the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) process, resulting in the feeble quadratic hyperpolarizability of the chromophore.
Construction of a novel isopinocamphone-based fluorescent probe for rapid and specific detection of ClO− and its application in environmental analysis and biological imaging
Authors: Ye Qian , Xu Kai , Meng Zhiyuan , Li Xinyan , Wang Zhonglong , Wang Shifa
Published: July 2024

A “turn on” fluorescent probe DMTI was designed for the detection of ClO− based on isopinocamphone.
Glucosamine functionalized gold nanoparticles for the specific detection and colorimetric assay of glutathione in real samples
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Singh Saumya , Singh Raksha , Sharma Manish , Tiwari Ida , Upadhyay K. K.
Published: July 2024

Glucosamine functionalized GNPs were used as a colorimetric device for the selective detection and determination of glutathione at a sub-micromolar level.
Enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting over CaTaO2N via engineering the surface of a platinum cocatalyst
Authors: Liu Xuecheng , Pei Tingting , Yan Linjie , Lei Xiaoyi , Zheng Tingting , Ha Xia , Xu Hui
Published: July 2024

Schematic diagram of the photocatalytic mechanism of CTON (IMPD) under visible light irradiation.
Highly selective removal of thiophene from benzene by cucurbit[6]uril in both mixed vapors and solutions
Authors: Liang Caijun , Zeng Yongqing , Zhang Yu , Chen Lixia , Qiu Shengchao , Tao Zhu , Li Qing
Published: July 2024

The efficient separation of a benzene and thiophene mixture was realized both in mixed vapors and solutions by using cucurbit[6]uril as an adsorbent.
Recent advancements in Ni/photoredox dual catalysis for Csp3–Csp3 cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Huang Qi-Yun , Shi Min
Published: July 2024

This minireview highlights recent advancements in the past five years (since 2019) in Ni/photoredox dual catalysis for Csp3–Csp3 cross-coupling reactions.
Facile synthesis of α-sulfonyl ketoximes from alkenes using sodium sulfinate and NaNO2 in water
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Zhu Ning , Liu Tianheng
Published: July 2024

We have developed a new synthesis method for α-sulfonyl ketoximes from pyridine alkenes, sodium sulfinate, and NaNO2 in water. This three-component approach allows the one-step formation of C–N and C–S bonds under mild conditions.
Rational design of naphthoquinone-based antibacterial agents through iridium-catalyzed enantioselective β-allenylation of 2-hydroxynaphthoquinones
Authors: Chakrabarty Aditya , Jaiswal Komal , De Mrinmoy , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: July 2024

The first Ir-catalyzed enantioselective β-allenylation of 2-hydroxynaphthoquinones is developed. The β-allenylic lawsone derivatives displayed remarkable potency against Gram-positive MRSA strain and low toxicity against mammalian cell lines.
Photoinduced regioselective trifluoroalkylation of ketene dithioacetals with CF3SO2Na
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Ma Xinyue , Zhou Pan , Lu Shuaiqi , Zhang Yongxin , Shu Chao
Published: July 2024

A regioselective hydro trifluoromethylation of ketene dithioacetals with CF3SO2Na was achieved via a visible-light promoted radical-polar process under mild and operationally simple conditions, using an inexpensive organic photocatalyst.
Synergistic effect of heterointerface engineering and oxygen vacancy in electro-spun polymer fibres derived carbon-supported 1D hierarchical WO3/SnO2 nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitor devices
Authors: Tanwar Vaishali , Pathak Saurabh Kumar , Ingole Pravin Popinand
Published: July 2024

Graphical illustration depicting WO3/SnO2@C as a flexible supercapacitor device for power applications.
Activating cobalt inverse spinel oxides via Fe substitution for enhanced water splitting reaction
Authors: Roy Saraswati , Roy Sounak
Published: July 2024

Owing to their expeditious kinetics and remarkable catalytic prowess, spinel oxides have attracted significant attention as promising non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction.
Tandem electroreduction of nitrate to green ammonia on recycled copper sheets from spent batteries: splicing surface roughness achieves high yield rate
Authors: Abdelmohsen Abdelrahman M. , Agour Ahmed M. , Badawy Ibrahim M. , Khedr Ghada E. , Mesbah Yasmine , Allam Nageh K.
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia (eNitRR) offers a sustainable alternative to ammonia production.
Soft matter physics of the ground beneath our feet
Authors: Voigtländer Anne , Houssais Morgane , Bacik Karol A. , Bourg Ian C. , Burton Justin C. , Daniels Karen E. , Datta Sujit S. , Del Gado Emanuela , Deshpande Nakul S. , Devauchelle Olivier , Ferdowsi Behrooz , Glade Rachel , Goehring Lucas , Hewitt Ian J. , Jerolmack Douglas , Juanes Ruben , Kudrolli Arshad , Lai Ching-Yao , Li Wei , Masteller Claire , Nissanka Kavinda , Rubin Allan M. , Stone Howard A. , Suckale Jenny , Vriend Nathalie M. , Wettlaufer John S. , Yang Judy Q.
Published: July 2024

Earth's surface materials constitute the basis for life and natural resources. Most of these materials can be catergorized as soft matter, yet a general physical understanding of the ground beneath our feet is still lacking. Here we provide some perspectives.
Inertia and activity: spiral transitions in semi-flexible, self-avoiding polymers
Authors: Karan Chitrak , Chaudhuri Abhishek , Chaudhuri Debasish
Published: July 2024

We consider a two-dimensional, tangentially active, semi-flexible, self-avoiding polymer to find a dynamical re-entrant transition between motile open chains and spinning achiral spirals with increasing activity.
A high-performance composite fiber with an organohydrogel sheath for electrocardiogram monitoring
Authors: Chang Boya , Luo Jiabei , Liu Juan , Zhang Bin , Zhu Ming , Li kerui , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Shi Guoying , Hou Chengyi
Published: July 2024

A composite fiber electrode is proposed as a means of improving the quality of ECG signals obtained from dry fiber electrodes.
Self-powered all-quantum dot based broadband photodetectors for color imaging and heart rate monitoring
Authors: Cao Fa , Shi Yi , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiao , Tang Xu , Han Zeyao , Zhang Li , Sun Bin
Published: July 2024

All-quantum dot based self-powered broadband (300–1000 nm) photodetectors (SnO2 QDs/PbS-I QDs/PbS-EDT QDs) were successfully fabricated, showing great potential in long-distance color recognition imaging and human heartbeat monitoring.
Enhancing the solid-state hydrogen storage properties of lithium hydride through thermodynamic tuning with porous silicon nanowires
Authors: Muduli Rama Chandra , Chen Zhiwen , Guo Fangqin , Jain Ankur , Miyaoka Hiroki , Ichikawa Takayuki , Kale Paresh
Published: July 2024

The isosteric heat of absorption validates the role of PSiNWs in thermodynamically tuning LiH and suggests 400 °C as the optimal temperature for cyclic hydrogen storage. The hydrogen uptake capacity is 3.95 wt% at ∼4 MPa and 400 °C.
A new hybrid genetic algorithm with tabu search for solving the temporal coverage problem using rotating directional sensors
Authors: Eshaghi Mahboobeh , Nodehi Ali , Mohamadi Hosein
Published: July 2024

One of the most important problems in directional sensor networks is coverage problem. The coverage can be measured in two ways: positional or temporal. In temporal coverage, the directional sensors rotate periodically round themselves in a repetitive process. Thus, in each time slot, those targets that are positioned within the sensor nodes radius receive their desired coverage. In this model, if a target is left uncovered, it is said that the target has remained in darkness. The main task defined for the temporal coverage model is the minimization of the total dark time for all the targets in the network. This problem has been solved by greedy‐based algorithms in last studies. Greedy‐based algorithms are able to solve the temporal coverage problem in real time. Remember that the performance of greedy algorithms is extremely dependent on the closeness of optimal solution and initial candidates. For this reason, greedy algorithms may obtain local minima due to heuristic search. As far as we know meta‐heuristic algorithms have not been used in past researches to solve such problems. For solving this problem, in this paper two algorithms were developed, GA‐based and hybridized model comprising genetic algorithms and tabu search. A new model was suggested for the chromosome in genetic algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the developed algorithms, they were compared with randomized scenario and greedy‐based algorithm presented in last studies. For better comparison, several parameters, including total dark time, number of sensors, number of targets, sector angle, sensing range were taken into account. The results obtained from the comparison of the algorithms indicated that the developed algorithms are effective in solving the temporal coverage problem in terms of minimizing the total dark time of the targets.
Analytical modelling of the linear transverse flux permanent magnet motor using magnetic equivalent circuit method
Authors: Akhlaqi Morteza , Ganji Babak , Vahedi Payam
Published: July 2024

The authors propose an analytical modelling approach for the linear transverse flux permanent magnet motor using the magnetic equivalent circuit method. The main focus of this study is to predict the phase flux‐linkage characteristic of the motor. Essential equations required for implementation of the model and how to solve it are described clearly so that someone can use it easily. A typical motor is selected to apply the proposed model and simulation results, including static characteristics of flux‐linkage and thrust, are presented. To validate the developed analytical model, the discussed motor is also analysed with 3D finite element method using MAXWELL software and the obtained simulation results are compared to each other.
Malfunctioning conformal phased array: Radiation pattern recovery with particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Munsif Hina , ullah Irfan
Published: July 2024

The electronic beam steering in conformal phased arrays is formed by exciting the multiple antennas with appropriate phase shifts. However, the malfunctioning of phase shifters connected to the central antenna elements in the conformal array distorts the radiation pattern of the array system severely as compared to edge elements resulting in the reduction of the array gain and increase in the side lobe levels. Here, the authors propose a non‐dominated sorting multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation (NS‐MOPSO) technique capable of recalculating the independent phases of working antenna elements in the array in such a manner as to correct the overall radiation pattern. To illustrate the radiation pattern's recovery capabilities of the optimisation technique in case of malfunctioning of any random phase shifter(s), a 1 x 7 microstrip patch antenna array operating at 2.45 GHz on a wedge‐shaped conformal structure was designed in CST simulator. To test, the radiation pattern's recovery capabilities of the NS‐MOPSO approach, phase shifters connected to the antenna elements in the array were made to malfunction. Then the optimisation algorithm recalculates the phases for individual antenna elements to achieve the desired corrected radiation pattern. The simulated and measured radiation pattern recovery results are in good agreement with each other.
Solar architecture: Significance and integration of technologies
Authors: Dicka Zuzana , Dolnikova Erika , Katunsky Dusan
Published: July 2024

Solar architecture is an innovative approach to building design and construction that focuses on integrating solar technology with architectural design. Solar-integrated architecture includes both passive and active use of solar energy. Due to the impact of global warming, today's energy environment is changing significantly from the usage of fossil fuels to the production of clean energy on-site. Buildings and the construction sector are responsible for almost a third of the world's total energy consumption and are the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy as a source of inexhaustible energy represents the future of modern sustainable buildings. This article deals with the basic principles and overview of solar architecture and analyses its impact on the environment. The paper includes the advantages of solar architecture, influencing factors, the latest technological innovations, practical aspects of implementing solar solutions, and examples of successful world projects. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive and informed overview of solar architecture and available solar technologies and solutions. Last but foremost, emphasize the importance of this issue in existing but especially in future designs of energy-efficient buildings.
Experimental data of RC beams shear strength with different shear span and strengthening by FRCM system
Authors: Vegera Pavlo , Borzovic Viktor , Blikharskyi Zinovii , Khmil Roman
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of experimental testing of reinforced concrete beams with different shear spans and strengthened by the FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) system. The shear spans were 2, 1.5, and 1. Strengthening was performed for shear span 2 with three vertical strips of composite fabric 70 mm width each. In total, the results of the eight tests (the four experimental samples) are presented. Each beam was tested twice, separately for each support section of the beam A change in the failure type of reinforced concrete beams at shear is shown. It was determined how the bearing capacity and deformability of concrete and transverse reinforcement in all samples changed with the change in test parameters. The use of strengthening strips at the level of 20% of their maximum elongation values was achieved.
Restoration of historic buildings from a daylight perspective
Authors: Goras Stefan , Katunsky Dusan , Kridlova Burdova Eva
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, civil engineering deals with many technologies of buildings. Oftentimes, we forget the basic necessary requirements of building, which are created for human. Well, a building shouldn’t just be a construction object with lots of space. We have many requirements for building quality, daylight is forgotten. However, internal spaces are lighting artificial light or a few small windows. The topic of my work is daylight in historical buildings. This paper includes a several notable public historical restorations buildings in recent decades. Everyone restored building offers various public and private spaces for rent and services of varying importance. Everyone spaces have own terms of the daylight. Thanks to daylight, we have a lot of vitamins, a good mood, or at least normal brights of the room without the need for electricity costs also. We can bring a few good ideas, because of focusing on daylight in renovated buildings. These comparisons, I'll point out what is a correctly designed. It is necessary to preserve any historical building, and we also use finished buildings for other purposes. It is all the better if the buildings are designed correctly and can offer bright spaces. We should bring light to rooms by the passive elements.
Cultural heritage management from traditional methods to digital systems: A review from bim to digital twin
Authors: Grazianova Maria , Mesaros Peter
Published: July 2024

In each phase of work, the client should be able to analyze, assess, and manage project quality according to their specific needs. Traditionally, this verification and control process is manual, relying on drawings, images, and renderings to evaluate design quality and alignment with client expectations. However, when requirements change, it becomes challenging to ensure the project still meets the client's demands. Digitization processes enhance collaboration between contractors and designers through analysis and control tools that facilitate data sharing and ensure compliance with specifications. Despite the lack of traditional management data making, it difficult to quantify economic benefits precisely, digitization coupled with facilities management (FM) has proven advantages. Real-time access to complete and accurate information optimizes activities and saves time otherwise spent searching for necessary data. The research aims to review the evolution of building heritage management from traditional methods to digitization systems, highlighting the key differences these new systems bring to existing buildings, whether historic or simply old.
FEM analysis of FRP RC members
Authors: Blaho Stanislav , Gajdosova Katarina
Published: July 2024

The main reasons for choosing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in the process of designing reinforced concrete structures is their high strength and low weight-to-strength ratio. Also, the corrosion resistance of FRP is the reason for using this type of reinforcement in concrete in an aggressive environment. Since the number of long-term tests is insufficient, the long-term properties and behaviour of FRP reinforced concrete structures are not well-known, yet. The design codes offer the reduced utilisation capacity of FRP materials and it is becoming obvious that it would be appropriate to modify them according to the experiments of the last decades. Reduction factors limit mechanical properties ranging from 0.95 for CFRP to 0.5 for GFRP. The article presents a long-term experimental study based on a four-point bending test on simply supported concrete beams reinforced with GFRP reinforcement in comparison with the results of the FEM analysis.
Vegetation facades from a physics perspective
Authors: Kocurkova Maria , Vranayova Zuzana , Knut Pavol
Published: July 2024

Nowadays we are experiencing a big trend of moving to cities and thus cities are getting denser. In many cities, there are major problems with the loss of green space and the associated overheating of cities. Greenery as such can mitigate these problems and help to bring biodiversity back to densely built-up areas. This is why various adjustments in state and municipal legislation are currently being made to promote and regulate green spaces. As such, greenery brings many other benefits to the city besides those mentioned above, such as improved air quality or a visual effect. Whether it is natural green areas or green roofs and facades, the main idea is to create a better living environment. Problems in cities that we feel as discomfort can be solved in a natural way, and all we need is a basic knowledge of natural sciences. What is this phenomenon called and how does it work in physics ? These questions are the focus of the following study, which, in addition to explaining the basic phenomena, also shows selected methods for verifying the quality of the outdoor environment.
The numerical study of the reinforcement layer orientation effect on the behaviour of laminated plates
Authors: Weisova Michala , Kotrasova Kamila , Kvocak Vincent
Published: July 2024

The analysis of the simply supported square laminated plate was conducted employing two distinct Finite Element Method (FEM) models: one representing a quarter-section of a layered laminated composite plate, and the other representing the entire layered laminated composite plate. It was found that the plate's behavior and displacements are significantly influenced by the orientation of the fibers. Moreover, the quarter-section model of the layered laminated composite plate demonstrated limitations in its universal applicability.
Recycling of end-of-life PV panels - a review of technologies
Authors: Klejnowska Katarzyna , Mijał Waldemar , Gołębiewska-Kurzawska Joanna , Strzelczuk Julianna
Published: July 2024

A number of documents have been launched by the European Commission in recent years to increase the amount of renewable energy and reduce the dependence on energy sources (and CRMs) outside of European Union. Solar panels are a great source of renewable energy, and their installed capacity in EU increases each year. The lifetime of a solar panel is approximated to be 20 years, and they are starting to represent a significant group of multimaterial waste to be disposed of in the near future, therefore their recycling aimed at the recovery of valuable and critical materials becomes a crucial part of EU energy transformation. The paper presents the overview on the existing technologies used to recycle end-of-life photovoltaic panels.
Empowering communities for sustainable water management: Insights from Justdiggit and the Paani Foundation
Authors: Merei Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Community engagement is critical for effective sustainable water management initiatives because it facilitates public participation in decision- making. This study looks at Justdiggit and the Paani Foundation's community participation techniques, which are focused on water management and landscape restoration in water-stressed regions. We conduct a comparative analysis to determine the effectiveness of various initiatives in encouraging sustainable water practices and landscape restoration. Using official data and project evaluations, we assess the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of community-based water management programs. The findings reveal that, Justdiggit and the Paani Foundation actively engage the public through a variety of strategies, including community workshops, local champions, digital platforms, hands- on training, collaborative decision-making, job creation, and milestone celebration. Our findings show strong popular support and favorable effects on water conservation and community development. These findings are useful for practitioners, politicians, and researchers working to address global water concerns. Enhanced community engagement, as demonstrated by Justdiggit and the Paani Foundation, has the potential to achieve more resilient and sustainable water management solutions in the face of growing water issues.
Application of project management tools in construction phases to optimize the impact on quality, cost, and time: A case study
Authors: Schneider Roland , Domsitzova Monika
Published: July 2024

This work deals with the disturbed construction process, evaluated using the parameters cost, time, and quality. The aim is to transfer the actual situation of the disturbed construction process into a structured construction process. In this context, the possibility of data analysis and the associated creation of a resilient initial situation is demonstrated. One factor, time, is classified into a measurability with the possibilities of Gantt and Lean Construction Management. A representation of the monetary situation is the determination of additional costs. Here, the best case and worst case are presented and evaluated. The execution of the quality requires the comparison with the fictitious, planning quality defaults at project initiation and the now under consideration of the default costs and dates possible degree of fulfilment. The realization at the considered object has the following initial situation. Construction delay approx. 1 year, delta costs approx. 250 million euros, quality approaches were revised and partly reduced. This was the base for the creation of a schedule. The milestones from the Gantt schedule were incorporated into the system for the Lean Construction system. The monitoring between the milestones or intermediate goals was measured in the target-actual comparison.
CureIt – A Multidisease Predictive System using Machine Learning
Authors: Mehta Apoorva S. , Raval Jinit S. , Chaudhari Rupal R.
Published: July 2024

Many contemporary machine learning approaches perform well in predictive analytics on large datasets from many sectors. While predictive analytics in healthcare remains an ambitious goal, it has the potential to enable healthcare practitioners to make more educated decisions regarding patient health and treatment. Globally, mortality from illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and breast cancer is frequently caused by a lack of regular checks, even when early indications are present. Limited access to doctors and limited medical infrastructure worsen the problem. The WHO suggests a doctor-to-patient ratio of 1:1000 [8], while India’s ratio of 1:8342 [20] has improved, but distant healthcare access remains a concern. Early diagnosis of heart, cancer, and diabetes-related illnesses has a huge influence on public health. This study aims to use ML algorithms to anticipate illnesses in their early stages. Our team created an online medical test application that uses machine learning to anticipate diseases, with the goal of making healthcare more accessible. Our goal is to develop a web and mobile app that anticipates diseases and provides medical advice, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancers.
Effective Approach for Fine-Tuning Pre-Trained Models for the Extraction of Texts From Source Codes
Authors: Shruthi D. , Chethan H.K. , Agughasi Victor Ikechukwu
Published: July 2024

This study introduces SR-Text, a robust approach leveraging pre-trained models like BERT and T5 for enhanced text extraction from source codes. Addressing the limitations of traditional manual summarization, our methodology focuses on fine-tuning these models to better understand and generate contextual summaries, thus overcoming challenges such as long-term dependency and dataset quality issues. We conduct a detailed analysis of programming language syntax and semantics to develop syntax-aware text retrieval techniques, significantly boosting the accuracy and relevance of the texts extracted. The paper also explores a hybrid approach that integrates statistical machine learning with rule-based methods, enhancing the robustness and adaptability of our text extraction processes across diverse coding styles and languages. Empirical results from a meticulously curated dataset demonstrate marked improvements in performance metrics: precision increased by 15%, recall by 20%, and an F1 score enhancement of 18%. These improvements underscore the effectiveness of using advanced machine learning models in software engineering tasks. This research not only paves the way for future work in multilingual code summarization but also discusses broader implications for automated software analysis tools, proposing directions for future research to further refine and expand this methodology.
Integrating YOLOv8 with Fuzzy Logic System: A Novel Hybrid Approach for Efficient Parking Slot Availability Management
Authors: Patel Nileshkumar L. , Patel Khushbu A. , Datta Jayshri S.
Published: July 2024

In urban areas, the challenge of finding parking spaces has become a significant concern, leading to congestion, wasted time, and increased pollution. Traditional parking management systems often lack the efficiency needed to address this issue adequately. In this paper, a novel approach was proposed to smart parking management that integrates the YOLOv8 model and fuzzy logic system. YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, enables real-time detection and tracking of vehicles within parking lots. By utilizing YOLOv8, the system can accurately identify vacant parking spaces in a timely manner. Furthermore, fuzzy logic was employed to enhance decision-making in selecting the optimal parking slot for users. Fuzzy logic enables the system to consider various factors such as proximity to the destination, parking space size, and distance from the entrance. By incorporating fuzzy logic into the decision-making process, the system can provide personalized recommendations tailored to individual user preferences and parking requirements. Based on the fuzzy inputs namely distance from entrance, proximity to exit and space, the system analyzes the best parking slot and assigns “rank” which is also fuzzy output. The decision can be made based on the rank provided to every slot of the parking lot. Slots with the highest rank should be preferred for parking because they are more suitable as they provide ease to parking the cars and can be suitable to customized needs of the users. The model can be deployed with LCD screens at various parking lots in order to save fuel and time of the commuters.