bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in Grave’s Ophthalmopathy treatment
Authors: Martirosian Narine S. , Petunina Nina A. , Trukhina Liubov V.
Published: October 2016

Background. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the retroorbital tissues. Although the role of TRAb in GO is now accepted by many researchers and clinicians, their use in the disease management of GO is less well studied than the role of TRAb for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of Graves’ disease.Aim: to evaluate the relation between TRAb level and the activity of GO, the course of GO and the effectiveness of the treatment.Materials and methods. We have studied 26 patients with GO and Grave’s Disease. Activity of GO was measured with the clinical activity score (CAS), we defined active GO as a CAS≥3. TSH, FT4 and TRAb were evaluated. All patients had received intravenous methylprednisolone (ivMP) pulse therapy in cumulative dose 6000 mg. We observed patients for 1 year after pulse therapy. TRAb level was evaluated before, 3, 6 and 12 months after pulse therapy.Results: At the time of initial treatment all patients had active GO, 60% with CAS 3-4 and 40% with CAS 5-7. On year after the pulse therapy of GO, all patients were classified into responders (69,2%) and non-responders (30,8%) according to their clinical manifestations. Pulse therapy considered as effective if GO activity decreased with CAS ≤ 2. Serum TRAb level was significantly higher in patients who non-responded to therapy – 34,8 U/L vs 17,5 U/L (p≤0,01). This level was significantly decreased in patients responded to treatment – 1,6 U/L vs 12,4 U/L (p≤0,01). TRAb level above 28,8 U/L before treatment (p≤0,01), 10,1 U/L after 3 months of treatment (p≤0,01), 5,1 U/L after 6 months of treatment (p≤0,01) and 8,2 U/L after 3 months of treatment (p≤0.01) was associated with higher risk of non-responding.Conclusion: We conclude, that TRAb level may serve not only as predictor of GO activity and severity, but changes in the level of antibodies could be of additional help for the disease management with ivMP.
Papillary thyroid cancer, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, adenomatoid hyperplasia. Do they have any connection?
Authors: Khachatryan Mariam A. , Mkhitaryan Levon M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction. While thyroid nodules are extremely pervasive, the chances that a nodule is malignant are small. The annual incidence of thyroid carcinoma is 0,5-10 per 100000. A hefty 75-80% of all thyroid carcinoma cases are papillary thyroid carcinoma, which is referred to as differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Relevancy. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid carcinoma. Peak onset ages are from 40 to 60 years old. Furthermore the increasing incidence has been observed among younger people. With the discovery of a thyroid nodule, a complete history and physical examination focusing on the thyroid gland should be performed.Aim: to determine papillary carcinoma’s background pathology, proceed the ubiquitous approach of thyroid nodule’s diagnosis, dynamic control and treatment.Material and Methods. This study covered the period of 2010-2014. 183 patients attending Erebuni medical center’s General and Endocrine Surgery Department were included in this analysis. Postoperative pathohistological examination has authenticated the diagnosis: papillary thyroid carcinoma. The study has not included the patients who underwent only preoperative cytological examination without postoperative pathohistological diagnosis and the patients who underwent surgical treatment for the relapse.Results. In a massive 53,6%(98) of 183 observed patients' papillary thyroid carcinoma has occurred de novo. However 46,4%(85) has had background pathology such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis(18,6%(34)) and Adenomatoid hyperplasia (27,8%(51)). A major 59,6%(109) has been above 40 years old, the other 40,4% has been under 40.Conclusion. To sum up there might be a possible connection between papillary carcinoma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Adenomatoid hyperplasia. We suggest ultrasound follow-up and double cytological examination(if the previous one is mistrustful) among patients who have Hashimoto's thyroiditis(ultrasound examination confirmation, high level of antibodies) and Adenomatoid hyperplasia( cytological examination confirmation).
Prognostic factors for intrathyroidal papillary carcinomas – a multivariate analysis
Authors: Santrac Nada Miroslav , Markovic Ivan Zoran , Goran Merima Ramiz , Buta Marko Nikola , Djurisic Igor Dusan , Dzodic Radan Radoslav
Published: October 2016

Aim: to examine prognostic significance of patient-related, tumor-related and treatment-related factors for intrathyroidal papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), via multivariate analysis.Material and methods. This study included 153 patients with intrathyroidal PTCs (pT1/pT2/pT3) surgically treated in our Institution during two-decade period. Patients with locally invasive tumors (pT4) and initial distant metastases (M1) were excluded. Parameters of interest were: gender (male; female), age (<=45; >45 years), tumor size (pTNM classification WHO 1984), multifocality (no; yes), histological type of PTC (pure; microcarcinoma; follicular; poorly differentiated), presence of lymphonodal metastases (pN1a; ipsilateral-pN1b; contralateral-pN1b; total), surgery extent (total thyroidectomy; total thyroidectomy with lymphonodal dissections). Univariate and multivariate analysis of all parameters was performed in order to distinguish factors of significance for disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific overall survival (cs-OS).Results. In the follow-up, 10% of patients had locoregional or distant relapse, while 5.2% died due to PTC. Univariate analysis distinguished older age, male gender, tumors over 4cm in diameter, multifocality and poorly differentiated PTC-types as unfavorable prognostic factors for cs-OS. DFS was significantly shorter in males vs. females, as well as in patients with multifocal vs. solitary PTC. Tumor multifocality was unfavorable prognostic factor for both DFS and cs-OS. Independent prognostic factors for intrathyroidal PTCs, based on Cox multivariate analysis, were multifocality and gender for DFS, and multifocality and age at diagnosis for cs-OS.Conclusions. Prognostic factors define risk groups within population of differentiated PTCs providing timely, adequate treatment and opportunity for longer quality life of patients with PTCs.
The negative effect of GH/IGF-1 excess on NAD- and NADP-dependent blood lymphocytes dehydrogenases activity in acromegaly
Authors: Dudina Margarita A. , Dogadin Sergey A. , Savchenko Аndrey A.
Published: October 2016

Background. Acromegaly is a rare serious condition characterized by chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) from a pituitary adenoma and induces the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). The idea of the crucial GH importance not only in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, but, also, in the regulation of immune cells metabolism allows to think that chronic excess GH/IGF-I in acromegaly is the potent effector distortion of the immune response mechanisms. Aim. To study the NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases level in blood lymphocytes and their interaction with GH/IGF-1 concentration in patients with active acromegaly.Methods. The level of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes was studied in a group of 88 patients with active acromegaly, mean age 51.0±12.5 years. The NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity was determined by biochemiluminescence method. The concentrations of GH and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA.Results. Studying the activity of mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases found a decrease in all NAD-dependent oxidoreductase: NADIDH, NADGDH, and MDH (P<0.01), which allows to state the low level flow in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In active acromegaly were revealed the decreasing activity of all studied oxidoreductases: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (P<0.01), NAD–lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P<0.001), NADH–LDH (P<0.001), NAD–malate dehydrogenase (MDH) (P<0.001), NADH–MDH (P<0.001), NADP–MDH (P<0.001), NAD–glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH) and NADH–GDH (P<0.001), NADP–GDH and NADPH–GDH (P<0.001), NAD–isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) and NADP–IDH (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively), and, also, glutathione reductase (P<0.001). Our data observed that decreasing activity of NADP–GDH positively correlated with the basal GH level (r=+0.23, P=0.04) and NADP–MDH activity with IGF-1 level (r=+0.30, P=0.008). The low NADH–MDH activity negatively correlated to the basal GH concentration (r=−0.23, P=0.04).Conclusion. The chronic excess of GH/IGF-1 causes a significant depletion of metabolic lymphocytes reserves and may play an important role in several systems malignancies of acromegaly patients. This pathway continues to attract interest as a potentially useful target for therapeutic design of acromegaly.
Growth disturbances and metabolic disorders in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Tselovalnikova Tatyana Y. , Yudina Alla E. , Pavlova Maria G. , Zilov Alexey V. , Mazerkina Nadezhda A. , Zheludkova Olga G. , Arefyeva Irina A. , Gerasimov Andrey N.
Published: October 2016

Background. Endocrine consequences such as growth hormone deficiency (GHD), growth disturbances and metabolic disorders are common in childhood cancer survivors.Aim: to evaluate and compare the prevalence of growth disturbances and metabolic disorders in childhood posterior cranial fossa tumors (cPCFT) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors.Materials and methods. 40 subjects (21 men, 19 women) who had undergone treatment for cPCFT (group 1) and 25 subjects (9 men, 16 women) after treatment for cALL (group 2) were assessed. Group 1 underwent surgery, chemotherapy (CT) and craniospinal irradiation in a dose of 34.9 ± 1.6 Gy with a boost to the PCF 51.3 ± 9.2 Gy. Group 2 underwent CT (23 subjects were treated with ALL-BFM-90 protocol; 2 subjects were treated with ALL-MB-2002 protocol). All subjects of the group 2 received cranial irradiation in a dose 12,7±2 Gy. Age at the time of the survey in a group 1 and 2 – 19.8 ± 3.05 and 21.2±3.9 years; age at the time of treatment – 10.9 ± 3.4 and 6.9±3.4 years; follow-up – 7.2 ± 4.2 and 13.8±4.9 years, respectively. 16 age and sex matched healthy controls were included. Patient’s anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured, GHD was diagnosed in group 1 by 2 tests – insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucagon stimulation test (GST). In group 2 these tests didn't perform. At the time of the survey no one in both groups received GH replacement therapy. Only 5 subjects (3 boys and 2 girls) in group 1 were treated with recombinant human GH during childhood.Results.Final height SDS in the group 1 was significantly less than in the group 2 (p=0.001) and in healthy controls (p<0.001). In the group 1 and 2 there were significantly less patients reached target height compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Subjects of group 1 rarely reached their target height in comparison to the group 2 (p=0.006). IGF-1 SDS was significantly less in the group 1 (-1.37±1.24) than in the group 2 (0.5±1.24, p<0.001). In group 1 GHD according to GST was diagnosed in 60% of subjects, according to ITT in 82.1% of subjects. Waist circumference was significantly bigger in group 2 compared to the group 1 (p=0.046) and to healthy controls (p=0.001). Overweight was registered in 10% of patients in group 1 and in 16% - in group 2. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 50% in group 1, in 19% in group 2 (p=0.226). In group 1 16.7% and in group 2 66.7% of subjects were insulin resistant.Conclusions. After treatment for cPCFT growth disturbances occurred more often than after cALL therapy. Metabolic disorders were diagnosed with different frequency in both cPCFT and cALL survivors. These patients need endocrinologist’ observation.
The corellation between somatostatin receptors expression and octreotide treatment in non-functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Zawada Natalia Bozena
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Neurosurgery, which is the treatment of choice of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA), is often incurative. It usually leaves tumour residue that can regrow in the future. There is no established management for the postoperative period of NFPA, however, some data suggest that somatostatin analogues (SSA) can be effective, especially regarding somatostatin receptors (SSTR) presence in NFPA. SSTR scintigraphy and immunohistochemistry are used to assess SSTR expression in NFPA.Aim: to analyse the outcome of SSA treatment in NFPA and to correlate it with the results of SSTR scintigraphy and immunohistochemistry.Material and methods. Twenty six NFPA patients after incomplete neurosurgery with positive results of scintigraphy and immunohistochemistry were included in the study. All patients were treated with octreotide LAR 20mg intramuscular every 4 weeks. The tumour size was evaluated in control magnetic resonance imaging after 2 years of SSA therapy.Results. Tumour size remained stable in the majority of NFPA. Adenoma size reduction was observed in 2 patients with strong expression of SSTR2 in both scintigraphy and immunohistochemistry. Increase of tumour size was noticed in 4 patients whose tumours were characterised not only by the presence of SSTR2 and SSTR5 but also by strong expression of SSTR1 in immunohistochemistry.Conclusions. Only strong expression of SSTR2 can predict patients response to SSA treatment in NFPA. However, strong expression of SSTR1 observed in some of NFPA gives hope that introduction of new broad spectrum SSA like pasireotide would be more effective, especially in tumour shrinkage.
Medicinal Plants: A Prospect in Developing Male Fertility Enhancing Agent
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far , Noor Mahanem Mat , Latip Jalifah
Published: October 2016

Medicinal plants have been a revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Traditional medicine based on a holistic philosophy is quite different with the practice of “western” medicine. Phytochemical substances focus their mechanisms of healing to the root of cause, i.e. the inability of controlling the proper function of the whole body system. Hence, medicinal plants manage sexual dysfunction and male fertility in the frame of sexual dysfunction as a whole entity. Some previous researches prove that the use of medicinal plants have a good impact in the treatment of a variety of male sexual problems. This paper will discuss several important aspects of aphrodisiac plants and preliminary study regarding them in Indonesia. Difficulties inherent to activity guided isolation and the specific requirements of bioassays are also discussed.
A descriptive guide for absolute quantification of produced shRNA pseudotyped lentiviral particles by real-time PCR
Authors: Mournetas Virginie , Pereira Sofia Melo , G. Fernig David , Murray Patricia
Published: October 2016

Gene silencing techniques, including RNA interference methodologies, are widely used in reverse genetics to study the role of specific genes in biological processes. RNA interference has become easier to implement thanks to the RNAi Consortium (TRC), which has developed libraries of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences in pseudotyped lentiviral particles capable of targeting most genes in the human and mouse genomes. However, a problem is the lack of a simple method to titrate the homemade lentiviral particle product, making it difficult to optimise and standardise shRNA experiments. Here we provide a guide describing a quick, non-laborious and reliable method for the titration of TRC pseudotyped lentiviral particles that is based on the detection and measurement of viral RNA using quantitative PCR. Our data demonstrate that purified linearised shRNA plasmids represent more suitable standards than circular or unpurified linearised plasmids. We also show that for precise absolute quantification, it is important to determine suitable plasmid and viral cDNA concentrations in order to find the linear range for quantification, as well as to reduce inhibition and primer dimer amplification. Finally, we show that the lentivirus concentration impacts the level of knockdown in transduced cells. Primers utilised in this non-functional titration can potentially be applied to functional titration of proviral DNA copies or transgene expression, overcoming problems arising from the absence of fluorescent reporter genes in TRC plasmids.
The development of thewürde+ infinitive construction in Early Modern German (1650–1800)
Authors: Durrell Martin , Whitt Richard J.
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of the evolution of thewürde+ infinitive construction in German during the Early Modern period (1650–1800), using newly available data from the GerManC-corpus. We demonstrate how this construction occupies a unique position orthogonal to both the tense and mood systems of German through an analysis of the syntax and semantics ofwürde+ infinitive clauses, beginning with Modern Standard German and then subsequently with a historical focus on the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Through both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we examine the contexts in which the construction occurs and see how, as it came to be used more frequently over the period in question, it encroached more and more into contexts which had been the preserve of the synthetic preterite subjunctive, even being used in some where the latter is still the norm in modern German. Thus, by the end of the eighteenth century it had become difficult to identify a clear difference in meaning and use between these forms, and the reasons why thewürde+ infinitive construction may be preferred over the synthetic preterite subjunctive are by no means clear. We conclude our discussion with an overview of how thewürde+ infinitive construction was received in the prescriptive tradition during this key period in the standardization of German, seeing its stigmatization in some contexts in part as an attempt by prescriptive grammarians to establish an explicit and clearly justified role for it in the language.

The authors must acknowledge their gratitude to Mikhail Kotin (Zielona Góra) and Szilvia Szatzker (Budapest) who kindly made unpublished material available to them, as well as to Christopher Young (Cambridge) for clarifying queries about some MHG texts, and to two anonymous reviewers for the PBB for their helpful suggestions. The GerManC-corpus project was funded by grants from the British research councils ESRC and AHRC (RES-000-22-1609 and RES-062-23-1118).
Die (Un‑)Sichtbarkeit des Paratexts
Authors: Kragl Florian
Published: October 2016

The article deals with the Genettian concept of ›paratext‹ with regard to medieval manuscripts. It aims at modifying Genette's idea (which basically relies on the book production of the ›long‹ 19th century) for the purpose of a better understanding of what constitutes a medieval paratext. The examples are drawn from the transmission of Konrads von Würzburg ›Herzmaere‹.
Tilt offset associated with local seismicity: the Mt. Etna January 9, 2001 seismic swarm.
Authors: Gambino Salvatore
Published: October 2016

On the 9thof January 2001 a seismic swarm on the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna at 3.5 km beside sea level (b.s.l.), caused co-seismic variations on short and long baseline tiltmeters of the Mt. Etna permanent tilt network.

Taking account of the geometry and mechanism of the active tectonic structure obtained by seismological studies, the theoretical tilt linked to the faulting source was calculated at multiple different recording stations. It was found that the amount of measured deformation exceeded that which was generated seismically, indicating that much of the deformation along the fault was aseismic.

The 9 January 2001 episode represents a shear response to a local stress caused by a volcanic source that acted in the period preceding the 2001 eruption. Tilt data also suggest a marked slip of 70-140 cm along the fault, probably due to the presence of fluids.
Structural Properties of Molten CaO–SiO2–P2O5–FeO System
Authors: Diao Jiang , Ke Zhaoqun , Jiang Lu , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Tao , Xie Bing
Published: October 2016

The structural properties of molten CaO–SiO2–P2O5–FeO slag system with varying slag basicity have been investigated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using the pairwise potential model. The result shows that more than 95 % Si and 98 % P are four coordinated and form tetrahedral structures. Non-bridging oxygen occupies a predominant position in the system. With basicity increasing from 0.6 to 1.5, the proportion of non-bridging oxygen increases from 66.3 % to 77.3 %, whilst the bridging oxygen decreases from 30.1 % to 10.2 %. Both the result of MD simulations and Raman spectroscopic analysis show the proportion of Q0 increases with increasing slag basicity, whilst Q2 and Q3 decrease. The degree of polymerization of CaO–SiO2–P2O5–FeO system decreases with increasing slag basicity.
Numerical Study of MHD Viscoelastic Fluid Flow with Binary Chemical Reaction and Arrhenius Activation Energy
Authors: Mustafa M. , Mushtaq A. , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A.
Published: October 2016

Here we address the influence of heat/mass transfer on MHD axisymmetric viscoelastic fluid flow developed by an elastic sheet stretching linearly in the radial direction. Constitutive relations of Maxwell fluid model are utilized in mathematical formulation of the problem. Non-linear radiation heat flux is factored in the model which accounts for both small and large temperature differences. Chemical reaction effects with modified Arrhenius energy function are analyzed which are not yet explored for viscoelastic fluid flows. Highly accurate numerical computations are performed. Our computations show S-shaped profiles of temperature function in case of sufficiently large temperature differences. Species concentration increases when activation energy for chemical reaction is increased. However, both chemical reaction rate and temperature gradient tend to reduce the solute concentration.
Encyclopedic information and pragmatic interpretation
Authors: Bibok Károly
Published: October 2016

Considering the interaction between grammar and pragmatics, the present paper aims to thoroughly investigate the role played by encyclopedic information in the lexicon and in pragmatic construction of utterance meaning. With the help of a series of subtle analyses of Hungarian and Russian data, several types of encyclopedic information are identified both in encoded lexical-semantic representations of word senses and inferential mechanisms of utterance interpretation. It is demonstrated that representations and mechanisms are mutually connected to each other. More precisely, on the one hand, requirements on representations are raised by a considerable number of possible utterance meanings, and, on the other, special mechanisms are needed to construct them from lexical-semantic representations. It is the attempt to account for such mutual connections that forms a novel and promising conception of lexical pragmatics.
Performance Enhancement of Multichannel Gigabit Rate Bidirectional WDM-PON Using RSOA and Optimized Modulation Format
Authors: Parkash Sooraj , Sharma Anurag , Singh Harsukhpreet
Published: October 2016

This paper successfully demonstrates bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) system for 32 channels, 0.8 nm (100 GHz) channels spacing with 3.5 GHz filter bandwidth. The system delivers 160 GB/s data rate and 80 GB/s data rate in downstream and upstream, respectively. The optical source for downstream data and upstream data is mode-locked laser at central office and reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) at optical network unit. The maximum reach of designed system is 50 km without using any dispersion compensation scheme. This paper comprises comparison of series of modulation format in downstream and upstream such as SOLITON, NRZ, RZ, MANCHESTER, CSRZ and CRZ-DPSK and optimization of the performance of designed system. It has been observed that CRZ-DPSK/NRZ gives best performance in downstream and upstream transmission for designed system. The simulation work report of minimum BER is e
Primary hyperparathyroidism may masquerade as rickets-osteomalacia in vitamin D replete children
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Raizada Nishant , Chawla Himika , Singh Arun Kumar , Aggarwala Sandeep , Bal Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2016

Primary hyperparathyroidism, typically a disease of the middle aged and the old, is less commonly seen in children. In children the disease has a bimodal age distribution with calcium sensing receptor mutation presenting in infancy as hypercalcemic crises and parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia presenting later in childhood with bone disease. The childhood parathyroid adenomas are often familial with multiglandular disease and manifest with severe bone disease unlike adults. We report a series of four male patients with juvenile primary hyperparathyroidism, three of whom presented with bone disease masquerading as rickets-osteomalacia. One patient had asymptomatic hypercalcemia with short stature. Parathyroid adenoma was detected in all the four cases and all of them underwent resection of parathyroid adenomas confirmed on histopathology. Post-surgery all the cases had initial hypocalcaemia followed by normocalcemia. One case developed pancreatitis after surgery even after achieving normocalcemia. We conclude that parathyroid adenomas, although uncommon in children, are an important cause of skeletal disease that may initially be confused with hypovitaminosis D.
Hommage mit doppeltem Boden
Authors: Weisman Anat
Published: October 2016

The article focuses on the memoir written by Lea Goldberg on the poet Avraham Ben Yitzhak (Pegisha im Meshorer, 1952). It presents the results of a phenomenological reading of the memoir. The author maintains that by paying attention to the intention of the text as well as to its cultural, intellectual and emotional dichotomies, one reveals the resolution at the end of the memoir of an inner conflict implicit throughout the entire text. This reading results in a re-definition of the appropriate genre attribution for this work (which we may call polemical memoir) and yields a new key to understanding the artistic and intellectual conflicts that characterize a wide range of poetic phenomena in Goldberg’s poetry.
A Poetics of Statelessness: Avraham Ben Yitzhak after World War I
Authors: Barzilai Maya
Published: October 2016

After World War I, Avraham Ben Yitzhak had all but ceased to publish the modernist Hebrew poetry for which he is famous. He continued, however, to compose literary drafts in German, Hebrew, and Yiddish well into the mid-1920s. This essay interprets a selection of these unpublished writings in the context of his criticism of wartime technology and nationalist fervor. Ben Yitzhak’s early poetics of dissolution and decadence underwent further radicalization in the post-war years; experimenting anew with expressionist and cinematic styles, he cast apocalyptic images of a dying world abandoned by God and characterized above all by the mass statelessness of its denizens.
The German Archive of the Hebrew Habima: Bureaucracy and Identity
Authors: Zer-Zion Shelly , Kühne Jan
Published: October 2016

The administrative archive of Habima, nowadays Israel’s national theater, resides at the Israeli center for the documentation of the performing arts at Tel Aviv University. The majority of the documents, which date from the 1920s and early 1930s, were written in German, and involve prominent German Jewish businessmen and intellectuals. This archival corpus is surprising, because the profile of Habima is generally associated with the Eastern European- Soviet theatrical heritage and with the revival of Hebrew. This article seeks to present the nature of this collection and to reevaluate its contribution to the study of German Jewry as well as to the history of Hebrew theatre.
“Is Judah indeed the Teutonic Fatherland?” The Debate over the Hebrew Legacy at the Turn of the 18th Century
Authors: Ilany Ofri
Published: October 2016

The article presents the eighteenth-century discussion on the place of Hebrew legacy within German culture. It argues that the exemplar of Hebrew poetry played a pivotal role in the work of a group of influential writers, especially members of the
A Blessed Journey: The Imprint of Yehuda Halevi’s Poetry on Ludwig Strauss’s Land Israel Poems
Authors: Koplowitz-Breier Anat
Published: October 2016

In 1935, Ludwig Strauss published a volume of poetry entitled
“Much More than just another Private Collection”: The Schocken Library and its Rescue from Nazi Germany in 1935
Authors: Mahrer Stefanie
Published: October 2016

This article reconstructs for the first time the rescue of the Schocken Library, one of the largest privately owned book collections, from Nazi Germany. The library consisted of over 60,000 volumes of rare and precious ­Hebrew and German books, manuscripts, and incunabula. The books were shipped from Germany to Mandate Palestine in the years 1934–1937 and the library is one of the few collections that completely survived National Socialist destruction and looting. The case of the Schocken library can help us understand all of the many challenges involved in successfully relocating a library of its size. Without a network of professionals, experience dealing with authorities and unlimited funds, an operation like the shipment of the Schocken library would not have been possible. The second part of the paper focuses on how, once the library was in Jerusalem, the way in which it was perceived changed. From the contemporary perspective of the owner, the merchant and publisher Salman Schocken, and from the perspective of its users and visitors, the library was perceived as a place of continuity in exile rather than as a place of saved books. The micro-historical perspective not only allows us to understand how historical subjects interpret the world around them but also how they try to influence historical processes.
Two Roads to the Land: A Contiguous Reading of Two Anti-War Novels by Avigdor Hameiri and M. Y. Ben-Gavriêl
Authors: Schirrmeister Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Drawing on Dan Miron’s concept of “literary contiguity,” this article arranges an encounter between two documentary novels about the experience of the First World War, both told from the perspective of a Jewish officer. Although rather different with regard to their place in the Modern Hebrew canon, the well-known novel
From Breslau to Wrocław: Transfer of the Saraval Collection to Poland and the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property after WWII
Authors: Kawałko Anna
Published: October 2016

This article presents a post war history of the looted library of the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau. Particular focus is given to the restitution of the most valuable part of this library – the collection of manuscripts and incunabula, which was purchased by the Breslau Seminary from the famous Italian bibliophile, Leon Vita Saraval of Trieste. The Saraval Collection, along with numerous Jewish libraries and archives all over Europe, fell prey to the unprecedented Nazi plunder of 1933–1945. The collection was then rediscovered in Prague in the 1990s, and finally transferred from the National Library of the Czech Republic to Poland in 2004. This article describes the collection’s singular journey from German Breslau to Polish Wrocław in the context of the distribution of other parts of the Breslau library during the immediate postwar period. In juxtaposing these two restitution cases, I seek to examine the main arguments and controversies in the debate regarding the status of the Jewish cultural heritage in Europe after 1945, as well as to illuminate its historical development.
The Exile of Metaphysics: Adorno and the Language of Political Experience
Authors: Angermann Asaf
Published: October 2016

How do our personal and political experiences shape the way we perceive and conceptualize the world? How does the impact of political events on our personal lives relate to the “ultimate” metaphysical questions? For Theodor W. Adorno, these questions are profoundly interconnected, albeit in a complex way. Although Adorno himself spent “only” eleven years of his life in exile, those years irreversibly shaped his philosophical thinking. Exile and migration – political life experiences shared by millions in the twentieth century – are for Adorno far more than objective historical conditions; they have far-reaching linguistic, epistemological and metaphysical implications. The possibility and impossibility of expressing oneself coherently in another language, the necessity of understanding and integrating into a new culture, the emotional and geographical distance from one’s place of origin and socialization: for Adorno, these issues lie at the core of philosophical thinking in the twentieth century. This paper discusses Adorno’s personal views on his own political experience of exile from and return to his native German culture, as well as the conclusions he draws for an understanding of metaphysics in times of exile and migration.
Hebrew, Jewishness, and Love: Translation in Gershom Scholem’s Early Work
Authors: Sauter Caroline
Published: October 2016

This paper introduces a novel concept in Scholem’s early work on translation: the idea of
Neuropilin-1 and the Positions of Glomeruli in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Zapiec Bolek , Bressel Olaf Christian , Khan Mona , Walz Andreas , Mombaerts Peter
Published: October 2016

It is known since 1996 that mouse odorant receptors (ORs) are involved in determining the positions of the sites of coalescence of axons of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs)—the thousands of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. But the molecular and cellular mechanisms of OR-mediated axonal coalescence into glomeruli remain unclear. A model was proposed in 2006–2009 whereby OR-derived cAMP signals, rather than direct action of OR molecules, determine the target destinations (glomeruli) of OSNs in the bulb. This model hypothesizes that OR-derived cAMP signals determine the expression levels of neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) in OSN axon termini; that levels of Nrp1 in glomeruli form a gradient from anterior-low to posterior-high throughout the bulb; and that these Nrp1 levels mechanistically determine anterior-posterior patterning of glomeruli. Here, we describe the first independent evaluation of the Nrp1 model since it was formulated a decade ago. We tested the model for the well-characterized mouse OR M71 using our gene-targeted mouse strains, which are publicly available. In contradiction to the model, we observed a variety of configurations for the M71 glomeruli in the conditionalNrp1knockout. We then reassessed the model for the original OR transgene with which the model was developed, using the same publicly available mouse strains. We discovered that glomerular positions do not undergo the simple anterior shift that has been reported in the conditionalNrp1knockout for this OR transgene. Taken together, our findings do not support the Nrp1 model for the anterior-posterior patterning of glomerular positions in the olfactory bulb.
Standardization of CalyculinA induced PCC assay and its advantages over Okadaic acid PCC assay in Biodosimetry applications
Authors: Nairy Rajesha K , Yerol Narayana , Bhat Nagesh N , Desai Utkarsha , Shirsath Kapil , Yadav Usha , Chaurasia Rajesh K. , Sapra BK
Published: October 2016

Objective

In the present study an attempt was made to estimate coefficients of dose response curves for PCC aberrations induced by CalyculinA and Okadaic acid, using 60Co gamma radiation and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam for biodosimetry application.

Materials and Methods

The modified method outlined by Puig et al. 2013 was used to conduct Calyculin A and Okadaic acid induced PCC assay in human blood lymphocytes. Chemical treatment was given for the last 1 h of a 48 h culture. The study was carried out in the dose range 2.5 to 20 Gy using 60Co gamma rays and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam.

Results and Conclusions

Results show a linear dose dependent increase with a slope of 0.047 ± 0.001 from Calycalin A PCC and 0.048 ± 0.002 form Okadaic acid PCC. The slope of the fragments curve was 0.327 ± 0.006 from Calyculin A and 0.328 ± 0.006 from Okadaic acid PCC. Further, dose calibration studies were carried out for 8 MeV electron using Calyculin A PCC assay and the obtained slope from ring yield was 0.054 ± 0.002 and 0.427 ± 0.009 from fragment yield.
Linguistic corpora of understudied languages: Do they make sense?
Authors: Vinogradov Igor
Published: October 2016

A corpus of an understudied language usually has documentary-linguistic nature and comprises all text material available in a particular language. However, without resorting to text selection, it is impossible to obtain a representative and balanced sample of language use. Lack of these two characteristics makes a corpus almost useless for any kind of quantitative research. Nevertheless, corpora of understudied languages comply with a wide range of language documentation objectives. Furthermore, they can serve as evidence of the existence of word forms or grammatical features in texts that meet specific search criteria. If such corpora have well-elaborated linguistic annotation, they can complement grammatical descriptions and dictionaries, standing out against common text collections due to their digital format. They are especially suitable for typological research, when one has to deal with a huge amount of data in different and unrelated languages.
Cataclismo
Authors: Díaz-Ducca Jenaro
Published: October 2016

El presente texto es un cuento corto.
El español hablado por los Malecus: Caracterización general y reconocimiento como variedad particular
Authors: Sánchez Avendaño Carlos
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se describe el español hablado por los malecus de Costa Rica con base en datos recogidos en los siglos XX y XXI, así como tomando en cuenta la edad, el poblado de procedencia y el tipo de bilingüismo del hablante. Se concluye que básicamente el español hablado por los malecus muestra tres tipos de fenómenos: a) variantes de desarrollo propias del proceso de adquisición del español como segunda lengua en edad tardía, exclusivamente en el caso de los ancianos; b) cambios lingüísticos con vigencia intergeneracional y explicables a partir del contacto prolongado entre el español y la lengua malecu; y c) rasgos de las variedades de español habladas por los grupos hispanos con los que los malecus han mantenido contacto intenso y prolongado durante distintos momentos históricos. Asimismo, se determina que los hispanocostarricenses de la región mayoritariamente consideran que existe una variedad de español hablada por los malecus, sobre todo los ancianos, mientras que los propios malecus opinan que este español “peculiar” es exclusivo de los mayores.
Mecedonio Fernández y Witold Gombrowicz: Los no-existentes novelistas
Authors: Corrales Millán Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

En general, la historiografía literaria ha relacionado al Museo de la Novela de la Eterna de Macedonio Fernández y a Ferdydurke de Witold Gombrowicz de manera espacial (como parte de la producción argentina, incluso en el caso del polaco Gombrowicz) y temporal (sus periodos de producción son más o menos coincidentes). No obstante, uno de sus rasgos vinculatorios más importantes y menos estudiados es su inserción en el marco general de la estética de las vanguardias durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. En este sentido, si bien el Museo se tiene por un texto representativo de la novela hispanoamericana de vanguardia, a Ferdydurke no se le considera como parte de esta clasificación. De lo anterior se desprende mi propósito en este trabajo: subrayar que el Museo y la traducción al español de Ferdydurke —hecha por el propio Gombrowicz durante su exilio en Argentina— comparten rasgos contrapuestos al canon novelístico predominante, incluido el de las vanguardias hispanoamericanas, así como proyectos poéticos subversivos y antiformales de corte radical, que reúnen a ambas obras en una convergencia exclusiva con distintas expresiones artísticas de vanguardia, en un intercambio que trasciende cualquier ámbito nacional.
EFFECT OF DIETARY CASSAVA MEAL ON GROWTH OF MUD CRAB, Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Suwirya Ketut , Marzuqi Muhamad , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara
Published: October 2016

It is widely recognized that a major constraint to development of a mud crab aquaculture industry is the availability and formulation nutritionally adequate but relatively low cost diets. Development of artificial diets, which seek to minimize inclusion of expensive feed ingredients such as fish and terrestrial meals, is considered to be a priority for improving the profitability of this emerging industry. Typically, carbohydrates such as starches are relatively cheap and therefore offer opportunity to supply dietary energy at low cost. The study examines the capacity of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain to utilize a range of dietary cassava meal as carbohydrate source. Four levels of cassava meal were used at inclusion levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% in diets. Mud crabs will readily accept the diet containing relatively high levels of cassava meal. This experiment proved that mud crab which fed 10% dietary cassava meal gains weight more than the one fed diet without dietary cassava meal. The increasing level of cassava meal to more than 10% in diet reduced final weight and weight gain. To some extent, mud crab, Scylla paramamosain is capable to use dietary carbohydrate from cassava meal. The finding raises the possibility to include 10% cassava meal in formulation low cost diet for mud crab.
SPONGE MOLECULAR SCREENING FOR ANTIMICROBIAL GENES BY PCR
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Suryati Emma , Parenrengi Andi , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: October 2016

Molecular biotechnology approach has been applied on sponge for preventing diseases on fishery culture. This is important for anticipating and avoiding the using of amount of sponge in nature. The present study aims to screen the antimicrobial (oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol) genes of sponge. DNA extraction of samples was done using the DNeasy Plant mini kit, Phenol-Chloroform and modification of Phenol-Chloroform methods. The presence of oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol genes in sponge was detected using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Result of the study showed that four species (Sylotella aurantium, Acanthella kletra, Gelliodes fibulatus, and Auletta sp. were amplified for oxytetracycline and two species (Auletta sp. and Pericharax sp.) of sponge were amplified for chloramphenicol at each 226 bp.
OVER-EXPRESSION OF GENE ENCODING FATTY ACID METABOLIC ENZYMES IN FISH
Authors: Alimuddin Alimuddin , Yoshizaki Goro , Takeuchi Toshio , Carman Odang
Published: October 2016

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have important nutritional benefits in humans. EPA and DHA are mainly derived from fish, but the decline in the stocks of major marine capture fishes could result in these fatty acids being consumed less. Farmed fish could serve as promising sources of EPA and DHA, but they need these fatty acids in their diets. Generation of fish strains that are capable of synthesizing enough amounts of EPA/DHA from the conversion of α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) rich oils can supply a new EPA/DHA source. This may be achieved by over-expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in HUFA biosynthesis. In aquaculture, the successful of this technique would open the possibility to reduce the enrichment of live food with fish oils for marine fish larvae, and to completely substitute fish oils with plant oils without reducing the quality of flesh in terms of EPA and DHA contents. Here, three genes, i.e. Δ6-desaturase-like (OmΔ6FAD), Δ5-desaturase-like (OmΔ5FAD) and elongase-like (MELO) encoding EPA/DHA metabolic enzymes derived from masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) were individually transferred into zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to increase its ability for synthesizing EPA and DHA. Fatty acid analysis showed that EPA content in whole body of the second transgenic fish generation over-expressing OmΔ6FAD gene was 1.4 fold and that of DHA was 2.1 fold higher (P<0.05) than those in non-transgenic fish. The EPA content in whole body of transgenic fish over-expressing OmΔ5FAD gene was 1.21-fold, and that of DHA was 1.24-fold higher (P<0.05) than those in nontransgenic fish. The same patterns were obtained in transgenic fish over-expressing MELO gene. EPA content was increased by 1.30-fold and DHA content by 1.33-fold higher (P<0.05) than those in non-transgenic fish. The results of studies demonstrated that fatty acid content of fish can be enhanced by over-expressing gene encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, and perhaps this could be applied to tailor farmed fish as even better sources of valuable human food.
REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL PROTEIN BY SOY BEAN AND CORN GLUTEN MEAL PROTEINS IN THE DIET OF MUD CRAB, Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Suwirya Ketut , Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Marzuqi Muhamad
Published: October 2016

Mud crab culture relies heavily on trash fish as the main source of feed ingredients. Artificial diets have been developed for mud crab and most of them have high content of fish meal. The increasing cost and demand of fish meal has encouraged feed manufacture to search for cheaper alternative protein sources such as plant protein. There is an urgent need to find suitable alternative protein sources to reduce the dependence of fish meal in mud crab diet. The objective of this study was to develop compounded feeds for juvenile of mud crab with reduced fish meal content, and as an alternative of trash fish feeding. For that reason, the experiment was done. Experimental diets were fish meal, 20% of soy bean (20% SBP), 40% of soy bean (40% SBP), 20% of corn gluten (20% CGP), and 40% of corn gluten meal protein (40% CGP). Average initial mud crab body weight of 0.65 ± 0.03 g was fed experimental diets for 56 days. The result showed that dietary fish meal protein can be replaced by 20% of soy bean and 20%–40% of corn gluten proteins for mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) diet. Thus, it can arguably be concluded that soy bean and corn gluten proteins are the alternative protein sources to partially replaced fish meal.
IDENTIFICATION OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE OF Pangasionodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sumantadinata Komar
Published: October 2016

Identification of growth hormone (GH) gene in a target fish is the first step in the construction of “all fish genes transfer vector” to generate transgenic fish. The research was done to identify and characterize the GH gene of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. There were several activities performed in identifying the GH gene: RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification, and DNA fragment isolation. The characterizations were done using the nucleotide sequencing engine ABIPRISM 3100. The results were then analyzed using BLASTN/P and GENETYX version 7 program. The full-length GH gene of P. hypophthalmus was 1151 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp. The 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of the GH gene were 22 bp and 526 bp long, respectively. The GH gene of P. hypophthalmus had some common characteristics that are owned by GH genes, such as single tryptophan residue (W) on the 104th amino acid, 5 cysteine residues (C) on the amino acid 71, 135, 173, 190, and 198 and a motif of Asn-Xaa-Thr on C terminus which is the potential location for N-linked glycosilation. Polyadenylation signal (aataaa) was on the 14 bp at the upstream of polyadenylation location. Growth hormone of P. hypophthalmus consisted of over 200 amino acids from GH cDNA deduction. The highest proportion of amino acid composition was leusin (14%) while the lowest was tryptophan (0.5%).