bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current issues of managing the military and economic activity of the State as part of strategic planning for the national development
Authors: VIKULOV Sergei F. , GORGOLA Evgenii V. , TSYRENDORZHIEV Sambu R.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article deals with the management of resource supply and economic support to the military construction in terms of the national socio-economic development.
Objectives. We evaluate whether it is possible to establish the uniform, structurally coherent system for industrial, S&T, budgetary, social and spatial planning of the military provisioning in the Russian Federation, considering the coercive growth of the national economy and the protection of the social stability and security.
Methods. The study is based on the methodological approach that accounts for limited governmental resources and specific resources that could be allocated for key development activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Results. We discovered that a set of military construction activities is determined by carrying out the comparative analysis of the current and desired views of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, generating possible organizational and technological actions to switch from the current state to the required one, making the preliminary estimation of costs and time of such options and choosing the most appropriate one. The multivariate systems approach to evaluating the current state of the military complex and future development should be the basis for choosing the necessary volume of military production to ensure the promising future of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, since such an approach provides for comprehensive research into material production.
Conclusions and Relevance. During the preparation of program documentation on the technological base, the military complex gets a real opportunity to agree the technological parameters both with developers and manufacturers and the economic block of the government, thus raising the quality of strategic planning and ensure its implementation as much as possible.
The role, significance, and expected effects of regional projects implemented in the Chechen Republic
Authors: RESHIEV Sulaiman S. , VAGAPOV Andi S. , KHUTUEV Isa S.-M.
Published: March 2021

Subject. This article discusses and analyzes regional projects to be implemented in the Chechen Republic for the period 2019–2024. Objectives. The article aims to develop a set of proposals aimed at improving the competitiveness of the Republic's economy. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems and statistical analyses. Results. The article describes the role of regional projects in the development of the socio-economic sphere of the Chechen Republic and proposes a set of measures the implementation of which will help shape a competitive economy in the Republic. Conclusions. Regional project objectives and indicators need to be better defined. Regional projects are elements of national projects designed to contribute to a breakthrough in the scientific, technological and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.
Simulation of Mosul Dam Break Using Finite Volume Method
Authors: Saleem Ayhan H. , Mohammad Jowhar R.
Published: March 2021

Mosul dam is an earth-fill embankment located north of Iraq on the Tigris River forming a reservoir with 11.11 km3 water storage capacity which is the largest dam in the country. The dam is built on a rock bed foundation, in which the dissolution process is dynamic in the zone where gypsum and anhydrite layers present. During the construction development seepage locations were found in the dam foundation and the grouting process is in progress until now to control this problem. Therefore, the possibility of the Mosul dam break is highlighted by previous studies. In this research, a FORTRAN code based on the finite volume method is modified to solve the two-dimensional shallow water equations and simulating the Mosul dam break. The computational domain discretized using unstructured triangular mesh. The solver applied Harten lax van leer with contact (HLLC) wave approximate Riemann solver to calculate the cell interface fluxes, and the semi-implicit scheme employed to solve the friction source term. The numerical scheme applied to two benchmark test cases, and the results showed that the presented model was robust and accurate especially in handling wet/dry beds, mixed flow regimes, discontinuities, negative water depths, and complex topography. The results of this study demonstrate that flood waves may reach the center of Mosul city in < 6 h and water depth may rise to 34 m after 7 h of Mosul dam breaking. Finally, the simulation results of the Mosul dam break were used to prepare an emergency action plan.
Evaluation of Bond Strength and Dimensional Accuracy of Soft Liner to Microwave Cured Denture Base Material
Authors: Fatah Shilan H. , Hasan Radhwan H.
Published: March 2021

Today, soft liners are being widely used in dental practices by their application to the inner surfaces of the denture with hopes to evenly distribute any potential uneven forces, and to provide a cushion effect to the oral mucosa of the patient mouth. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of (a) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base material curing technique, (b) Molloplast B soft liner curing technique, and (c) PMMA surface treatment, on the “shear bond strength” (SBS) between the Molloplast B liner and PMMA. A total of 80 samples were used in this study to evaluate the SBS performance of microwave (Nature-Cryl, Acron Gc, Japan) and conventional water bath (Ivoclar triplex, Liechtenstein) curing techniques of PMMA, and to evaluate the curing technique of soft liner material Molloplast B (DETAX,GERMANY). Surface treatment of PMMA was performed for half of the samples using neodymium:yttrium aluminum-garnet Nd:YAG laser, and the other half of the samples were surface-treated using AL2O3 sandblasting method. The results showed that the highest mean value in conventional water bath-cured soft liner was 26.69 MPa, whereas the lowest mean value for microwave-cured soft liner was 15.22 MPa. No significant difference was observed between the SBS performance regarding the PMMA surface treatment and curing techniques. Conventional water bath curing technique for soft liner treatment improved the SBS performance. Regarding the PMMA curing technique, the conventional water bath achieved higher SBS, yet the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, surface treatment using laser improved the SBS compared to sandblasted method, but the improvement here was also statistically insignificant.
التحليل الجغرافي لتوزيع الفنادق في مدينة أربيل
Authors: حمه رشيد مازن محمد أمين , Fattah Abdul Karim Bahri S.
Published: March 2021

يهدف البحث الى دراسة تطور الفنادق وتوزيعها الجغرافي  في مدينة اربيل مما يساعد السائح للحصول على دراية كافية حول الجانب السياحي في المدينة,  والتطور التاريخي للفنادق حسب المراحل المورفولوجيا في المدينة وزيادة عدد الفنادق  للفترة ما بين(1981-2016 ) ومن أجل معرفة التغيرات الحاصلة على أعداد الفنادق وتوزيعها الجغرافي، كما يظهر البحث دراسة تاريخية متعاقبة لظهور الفنادق في العصور السابقة، و تشير إلى الخانات التي كانت تقوم بوظيفة فنادق اليوم بل كانت أكثر شمولية حتى منتصف القرن العشرين . ومن خلال التوزيع الجغرافي للفنادق ظهر بشكل واضح بأن أكثر من 43% من عدد الفنادق الموجودة في مدينة نسبة (5)% لكلَ منهما،  أما نطاق شارعي(30- 60)م فتشكل نسبة (22)% وأمامنطقة المركز فتصل نسبتها الى (25)% من الفنادق ، بالإضافة الى قلة الفنادق ذات المستوى العالي من حيث تقديم الخدمات ولاسيما ذات(النجمة الرابعة والخامسة) والتي تعد ذات أهمية كبيرة لتطوير قطاع الفندقي في المدينة إذ تخدم فئة معينة من السياح. ومن أهم النقاط التي توصل اليه الباحث من خلال التحليل الجغرافي لكل فئات الفنادق في مدينة أربيل هو:- افتقار المدينة الى فنادق ذات مساحات واسعة لتوفير الانشطة الرياضية أو مائية المتنوعة .  قلة الفنادق ذات فئة خمسة نجوم وتركزها في منطقة محددة وحرمان المناطق الأخرى من وجود تلك الفنادق فيها . عدم وجود فئات مختلفة من الفنادق في مدينة أربيل واقتصارها على أنواع محددة منها . إفتقار المولات التجارية التي أنتشر بشكل واضح في الآونة الأخيرة في مدينة أربيل الى الأيواء السياحي والذي تعد مركزاً لجذب السياح. معظم الفنادق في مدينة أربيل يقع في الجهة الشرقية والشمالية من المدينة وفتقار الجهة الجنوبية والغربية منها، حيث تمثل أقل نسبة من الفنادق ولا سيما الجهة الغربية من المدينة.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PT. MRT JAKARTA TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM KASUS BLACKOUT AKIBAT PEMADAMAN LISTRIK OLEH PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PLN) DAN MITIGASI ATAS POTENSI TERJADINYA BENCANA DALAM OPERASIONAL MRT JAKARTA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Sunardi Finlay - , Wulandari Bernadetta Tjandra
Published: March 2021

Kehadiran MRT Jakarta diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan masalah kemacetan di ibukota. Dengan teknologinya, MRT Jakarta dapat membantu masyarakat menempuh perjalanan dengan waktu yang lebih singkat dibandingkan menggunakan kendaraan konvensional lainnya tanpa berhadapan dengan kemacetan. Akan tetapi, disamping berbagai kemudahan yang ditawarkan MRT Jakarta kepada konsumen, terdapat persoalan yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen MRT Jakarta. Persoalan tersebut salah satunya terjadi pada kasus padam/putusnya aliran listrik (blackout) pada tanggal 04 Agustus 2019 yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi penumpang MRT Jakarta, karena kereta MRT Jakarta berhenti beroperasi akibat tidak adanya pasokan listrik sehingga penumpang terjebak di dalam rangkaian kereta MRT Jakarta dan tidak dapat melanjutkan perjalanannya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti merumuskan dua permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimana tanggung jawab PT. MRT Jakarta terhadap konsumen dalam kasus blackout dan mitigasi atas potensi terjadinya bencana dalam operasional MRT Jakarta serta apakah PT. MRT Jakarta dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) dalam kasus blackout sebagai  akibat padam/putusnya aliran listrik. Metode yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah Yuridis Normatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tanggung jawab PT. MRT Jakarta terhadap konsumen yang mengalami kerugian dalam kasus blackout berupa melakukan evakuasi dan memberikan ganti rugi sebesar harga tiket masing-masing penumpang serta memberikan layanan gratis sampai berakhirnya operasional MRT Jakarta di hari terjadinya blackout. PT. MRT Jakarta juga sudah menyusun prosedur mitigasi terhadap potensi terjadinya bencana banjir dan gempa bumi. Selain itu dalam kasus blackout ini PT. MRT Jakarta juga dapat mengupayakan pemberian kompensasi dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).
Depressão gestacional e o impacto da pandemia pela COVID-19: relato de caso
Authors: Gomes Luiz Augusto Sacramento , Paiva Iury Marques , Bemfica Márcio Pimenta Vani , Morais Fernanda Maria Lopes , Oliveira Maria Caroline Leite , Machado Marina Moreira , De Faria Samuel Vasconcelos , Botelho Wellington Carlos Marques , Filho Gustavo Ribeiro de Souza
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Acompanhar o caso de uma gestante em acompanhamento pré-natal na atenção primária de saúde com quadro de depressão gestacional, ressaltando os desafios diagnósticos, as medidas terapêuticas, suas repercussões para o bem-estar do binômio mãe-feto e a relevância do cenário atual de pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Detalhamento de Caso: Paciente feminina, 24 anos, primigesta, no terceiro trimestre gestacional, sem comorbidades e intercorrências prévias, comparece à sua quarta consulta de assistência de pré-natal com queixas de vômitos e insônia. Durante anamnese, relata episódio de abuso de substância medicamentosa anterior ao início dos sintomas, que fora abordada em atenção terciária sem realização de contrarreferência à atenção primária, e refere piora dos sintomas depressivos ao se informar sobre a pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Como abordagem terapêutica, foi proposto acompanhamento psicológico, negado pela paciente, e iniciada terapia medicamentosa devido à gravidade do quadro apresentado. Considerações finais: O caso reforça a importância do profissional assistente ao pré-natal conhecer os critérios diagnósticos de depressão gestacional, as indicações de tratamento psicoterápico e farmacológico, além de investigar fatores de risco, como estressores externos, representados pela pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, visto as possíveis repercussões materno-fetais, como prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e depressão puerperal.
Fabrication of the structure for qubits using electrons on liquid helium
Authors: Goodkind J. , Pilla S.
Published: March 2021

In the previous papers, the system of qubits using electrons on a liquid helium film was described. In this paper we describe the physical realization of the system that we have begun to fabricate. We will not in this brief discussion describe how we intend to operate the system. We will show that we are nano- and micro-fabricating a new type of electronic device that differs from other microelectronic devices in that the final step of the fabrication deposits a layer of helium rather than some other dielectric. The operation of the device will differ in that it manipulates single electrons and it must operate at low temperatures.
Fabricating an all-epitaxial silicon quantum computer
Authors: Tucker J.R. , Shen T.-C.
Published: March 2021

Scalable silicon quantum computers will require a material perfection that has never been attempted. Ground state wavefunctions for conduction electrons orbiting individual phosphorous donors must be polarized electronically and coupled to nearest neighbors with great precision. Elimination of all randomizing influences can be achieved only with a fully epitaxial structure; and we believe that output circuitry must also be integrated into the qubit arrays in order to achieve the uniformity needed for large-scale integration. A process that could potentially accomplish this will be outlined, based on scanning tunneling microscope (STM) removal of individual hydrogen atoms from the H-terminated silicon surface followed by phosphine dosing and ultra-low-temperature overgrowth. Self-ordering of PH3 molecules onto extended areas of bare silicon should permit patterning of planar single-electron transistors along with P-donor qubits in the same lithographic step. Initial plans for an experiment to characterize exchange coupling under gate control will be described.
Optimization of coherent attacks in generalizations of the BB84 quantum bit commitment protocol
Authors: Spekkens R.W. , Rudolph T.
Published: March 2021

It is well known that no quantum bit commitment protocol is unconditionally secure. Nonetheless, there can be non-trivial upper bounds on both Bob's probability of correctly estimating Alice's commitment and Alice's probability of successfully unveiling whatever bit she desires. In this paper, we seek to determine these bounds for generalizations of the BB84 bit commitment protocol. In such protocols, an honest Alice commits to a bit by randomly choosing a state from a specified set and submitting this to Bob, and later unveils the bit to Bob by announcing the chosen state, at which point Bob measures the projector onto the state. Bob's optimal cheating strategy can be easily deduced from well known results in the theory of quantum state estimation. We show how to understand Alice's most general cheating strategy, (which involves her submitting to Bob one half of an entangled state) in terms of a theorem of Hughston, Jozsa and Wootters. We also show how the problem of optimizing Alice's cheating strategy for a fixed submitted state can be mapped onto a problem of state estimation. Finally, using the Bloch ball representation of qubit states, we identify the optimal coherent attack for a class of protocols that can be implemented with just a single qubit. These results provide a tight upper bound on Alice's probability of successfully unveiling whatever bit she desires in the protocol proposed by Aharonov et al., and lead us to identify a qubit protocol with even greater security.
Superposition, entanglement and quantum computation
Authors: Forcer T.M. , Hey A.J.G. , Ross D.A. , Smith P.G.R.
Published: March 2021

The paper examines the roles played by superposition and entanglement in quantum computing. The analysis is illustrated by discussion of a "classical" electronic implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm. It is shown explicitly that the absence of multi-particle entanglement leads to exponentially rising resources for implementing such quantum algorithms.
QIC Webcorner: Update
Authors: Kok P.
Published: March 2021

conferences, meetings, schools
Synthetic Approaches for Accessing Rare-Earth Analogues of UiO-66
Authors: Donnarumma P. Rafael , Frojmovic Sahara , de Aguiar Bicalho Hudson , Titi Hatem M. , Howarth Ashlee J
Published: March 2021

Rare-earth (RE) analogues of UiO-66 with non-functionalised 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate linkers are synthesised for the first time, and a series of synthetic approaches is provided to troubleshoot the synthesis. RE-UiO-66 analogues are fully characterised, and demonstrate a high degree of crystallinity, high surface area and thermal stability, consistent with the UiO-66 archetype.
Synthesis and Photoswitching Properties of Bioinspired Dissymmetric 2,6-Gamma-Pyrone, Analogue of Cyclocurcumin
Authors: Pecourneau Jeremy , Losantos Raul , Monari Antonio , Parant Stephane , Pasc Andreea , Mourer Maxime
Published: March 2021

Cyclocurcumin, a turmeric curcuminoid with potential therapeutic properties, is also a natural photoswitch that may undergo E/Z photoisomerization under UV light. In order to be further exploited in relevant biological applications, photoactivation under near infrared (NIR) irradiation is required. Such requirement can be met through opportune chemical modifications,and most notably by favoring two-photon absorption (TPA) probability. Herein, a general and efficient synthesis of a biomimetic 2,6-g-pyrone analogue of cyclocurcumin is described, motivated by the fact that molecular modeling previews an order of magnitude increase of the NIR TPA cross-section for the latter compared to the natural counterpart. Three retrosynthetic pathways have been identified (i) via an aryl-oxazole intermediate or via an aryl-diynone through (ii) a bottom-up or (iii) a top-down approach. While avoiding the passage through unstable synthons or low yield intermediate reactions, only the latest approach could conveniently afford the 2,6-g-pyrone analogue of cyclocurcumin, in ten steps and with an overall yield of 18%. The photophysical properties of our biomimetic analogue have also been characterized showing an improved photo-isomerization yield over the parent natural compound. The potentially improved non-linear optical properties, as well an enhanced stability, may be correlated to the enforcement of the planarity of the pyrone moiety leading to a quadrupolar D-p-A-p-D system.
Order from Disorder with Intrinsically Disordered Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Jacoby Guy , Segal Asher Merav , Ehm Tamara , Abutbul-Ionita Inbal , Shinar Hila , Azoulay-Ginsburg Salome , Danino Dganit , M. Kozlov Michael , Amir Roey J. , Beck Roy
Published: March 2021

Amphiphilic molecules and their self-assembled structures have long been the target of extensive research due to their potential applications in fields ranging from materials design to biomedical and cosmetic applications. Increasing demands for functional complexity have been met with challenges in biochemical engineering, driving researchers to innovate in the design of new amphiphiles. An emerging class of molecules, namely, peptide amphiphiles, combines key advantages and circumvents some of the disadvantages of conventional phospholipids and block-copolymers. Herein, we present new peptide amphiphiles comprised of an intrinsically disordered peptide conjugated to two variants of hydrophobic dendritic domains. These molecules termed intrinsically disordered peptide amphiphiles (IDPA), exhibit a sharp pH-induced micellar phase-transition from low-dispersity spheres to extremely elongated worm-like micelles. We present an experimental characterization of the transition and propose a theoretical model to describe the pH-response. We also present the potential of the shape transition to serve as a mechanism for the design of a cargo hold-and-release application. Such amphiphilic systems demonstrate the power of tailoring the interactions between disordered peptides for various stimuli-responsive biomedical applications.
Iron(II) Complexes Featuring a Redox-Active Dihydrazonopyrrole Ligand
Authors: Jesse Kate , Chang Mu-Chieh , Filatov Alexander S. , Anderson John
Published: March 2021

Nature uses control of the secondary coordination sphereto facilitate an astounding variety of transformations. Similarly, synthetic chemists have found metal-ligand cooperativity to be a powerful strategy for designing complexes that can mediate challenging reactivity. In particular, this strategy has been used to facilitate two electron reactions with first row transition metals thatmore typically engage in one electron redox processes. While NNN pincer ligands feature prominently in this area, examples which can potentially engage in both proton and electron transfer are less common. Dihydrazonopyrrole (DHP) ligands have been isolated in a variety of redox and protonation states when complexed to Ni. However, the redox-state of this ligand scaffold is less obvious whencomplexed to metal centers with more accessible redox couples. Here, we synthesize a new series of Fe-DHP complexes in two distinct oxidation states. Detailed characterization supports that the redox chemistryin this set is still primarily ligand based. Finally, thesecomplexes exist as 5-coordinate species with an open coordination site offering the possibility of enhanced reactivity.
THE USABILITY OF HYDROGEL IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF GYPSUM APPLIED TO SALINE-SODIC SOILS
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey, ANGIN Ilker , GURLEK Ahmet , SARI Serdar
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at the assessment of the usability of hydrogel in increasing the efficiency of gypsum applied to saline-sodic soils. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in disturbed soil columns and was set-up in a completely randomized design with six hydrogel application rates (Control, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25% weight/weight (w/w) basis) and with three replications. Hydrogel application to saline-sodic soil had significant effects on leachate pH. The highest leachate pH’s were found in the final leachates in the order of 0.05%>0.10%>0.15%, as 9.12, 9.09, and 9.03, respectively. In all of the application rates tested, the highest electrical conductivity (EC) and Na+ leachate losses were obtained after first pore volume of leaching and then decreased gradually with further leaching. Relative to the control, hydrogel application in the rate of 0.05% increased the leaching of Na+ by 8.1% on total. However, due to the absence of statistically significant effects of the treatments on Na+ leaching, an improvement in soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH in saturation extract (pHe) values as an indicator of reclamation was not proven. Use of gypsum together with hydrogel increased saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils in the rates of 28.6%-42.6%, which is especially important for reducing the duration for amelioration of saline-sodic soils. Application of hydrogel to saline-sodic soils along with gypsum can be an efficient management option not only for reducing the risk of physiological drought, but also for reducing the amount of time to reclaim saline-sodic soils.
CORRELATION OF THE RELIEF CONDITIONS, HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK FEATURES AND HUMAN INTERVENTIONS WITHIN THE BLAHNIŢA RIVER BASIN (SOUTHWESTERN ROMANIA)
Authors:   Department of Geography, University of Craiova, 200585, Romania, RĂDUCĂ Cristian , BOENGIU Sandu , MITITELU-IONUȘ Oana , ENACHE Constantin
Published: March 2021

Significance of rivers within plains is increasing nowadays as hydrographic network has become one of the most important strategic axes. The objective of the present study is to highlight the evolution of the Blahniţa River and the adjacent hydrographic network (in relation to the hydrostatic level of the groundwater aquifer) in the context of current modeling (natural and anthropogenic) of the entire river basin. The results are a step forward towards understanding the degree of anthropogenic transformation of a hydrographic network. The digital data obtained from the analysis of the cartographic documents contributed to the identification of hydrographic network along the considered period (1978-2020) with the presentation on four stages of the evolution under the anthropogenic interventions such as: construction of the irrigation system, drainage of the ponds, regularization and earth dams along the Blahnița River and channalization of the Blahniţa course. The geomorphological analysis of the relief conditions was based on the study of the hypsometry variation at the level of the entire hydrographic basin, especially along the watercourse. In this sense, the results highlight the importance of slope for surface flowing: the slope of the Blahniţa river basin presents values of 4 to 2o/oo to the confluence with Orevița and values from 1.8 to 0.06o/oo to the exit from the plain to the Danube Floodplain. The importance of this research consists in rising a red flag on former wetlands that have been dried up, which are currently undervalued and which may be true ecosystems for sustaining habitats in the future.
FERTILIZERS` LEACHING FROM THE ROOT SYSTEM ZONE – A POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FOR GROUNDWATER POLLUTION IN COARSE AND MEDIUM-TEXTURED SOILS
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Environment - ICPA Bucharest, B-dul Marasti, no. 61, 011464 Bucharest, Romania, PALTINEANU Cristian , DOMNARIU Horia , MARICA Dora , LĂCĂTUȘU Anca-Rovena , POPA Georgiana Adriana , GRAFU Iulia Adriana , NEAGOE Aurora Daniela
Published: March 2021

The objectives of the paper are to test if the nitrogen (mineral and organic), phosphorous and potassium fertilizers commonly used in field crops penetrate deep into the soils, and find out their leaching characteristics in the case of different-textured soils, in order to assess the potential environmental risk and recommend measures for limiting such losses. Three soil types were studied in undisturbed micro-lysimeters: sandy-textured Eutric Arenosol, AR-eu, loamy-textured Haplic Chernozem, CH-ha, and clayey-textured, swell-shrink Luvic-Chernic Phaeozem, PH-ch-lv. Two fertilizer applications containing amide N, as well as P2O5 and K2O were applied. Then distilled water was applied daily according to the infiltration rate simulating a wet season, and the effluent was collected. Soil texture and soil hydraulic properties determined the pattern of effluent concentration for all chemicals. K leaching losses from the root system zone of the soils presented the highest means, followed by N losses, while the lowest losses were found for P. Significant differences between the soils were found. Because various soil textures were studied with this experiment, the results might be used in similar environments from many countries. If global warming with extreme rain events continues, then fertilizer leaching losses could increase. To minimize nutrient leaching losses some measures are recommended. Further research should be focused on larger soil-texture diversity and cropped soils.
COMPARISON OF SOIL CONTAMINATION AT THE SELECTED EUROPEAN COPPER MINES
Authors:   Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Banská Bystrica, Tajovského 40, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, ANDRÁŠ Peter , MIDULA Pavol , MATOS João X. , BUCCHERI Giuseppe , DRÍMAL Marek , DIRNER Vojtech , MELICHOVÁ Zuzana , TURISOVÁ Ingrid
Published: March 2021

This article reports the results of a study concerning contamination of the dump-fields by potentially toxic elements at five abandoned copper mines: Ľubietová, Špania Dolina (Slovakia), Libiola, Caporciano (Italy) and São Domingos (Portugal). This paper offers an updated description of soil contamination at the individual deposits and indicates a possible solution of the derived environmental problems. Contamination of technosoils by PTEs at the dump-fields shows an irregular spatial distribution of Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb. Contents of PTEs often exceed both national and EU law limits. Whereas at Ľubietová, Špania Dolina and Caporciano the environmental risk is limited, at Libiola and São Domingos it seems to be very heavy. The technosoil (slag) of the dump-fields is not well aerated and the soil colloids have (except for Špania Dolina) negative surface charge, so they are suitable for PTEs sorption. The main environmental risk in the mining area of Sao Domingos district is the long time formation of acid mine drainage water and the high Zn, As and Pb contents. The release of PTEs to the environmental components may be limited by phytostabilization and immobilization of metals, by suitable admixtures into the technosoil/slag. The environmental situation at Caporciano is not so compromised as at São Domingos mining area. Phytostabilization will be able to stop erosion, and installation of wetlands under the dump will stop the release of Cu to the environment.
HEAT SENSITIVE BLUE QUARTZ – THE UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE OF ALBEȘTI, ROMANIA
Authors:   Geological Institute of Romania, Caransebeș Street No. 1, Bucharest, Romania, PANTIA Adrian-Iulian , FILIUȚĂ Andra-Elena
Published: March 2021

The blue quartz of the Albești metagranite is an interesting and puzzling occurrence in the Romanian geological landscape, both in terms of rarity and available data. The body of literature on blue quartz attributes the color to the Rayleigh/Tyndall scattering of light by nanometer/submicron inclusions, commonly identified as ilmenite or rutile, and as a theoretical possibility, fluid inclusions. The Albești blue quartz undergoes a visible loss of color at temperatures as low as 300°C, and for this reason the most commonly cited light scattering inclusions cannot be the cause of the coloration. Furthermore, there are only a handful of occurrences known to exhibit such a thermal behavior, potentially placing the Romanian occurrence in a rather exclusive class of rock forming blue quartz. The data gathered by optical observations, heat treatment, powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy have shown that the blue color is produced by light scattering, the scattering particles are sensitive to heat, recrystallization can also affect the color, and that the color is likely metamorphic in origin. Despite the fact that the identity of the scattering particles is still unknown (although fluid inclusions, and molecular colloids are suggested as potential light scattering elements), there is strong indication that the color is metamorphic in origin and that it could be used as a marker for a specific set of metamorphic conditions. The results of the present study constitute a first significant step in the understanding of the Albești blue quartz and point in the direction of future research.
DIGITAL 3D MODELS OF MINERALS AND ROCKS IN A NUTSHELL: ENHANCING SCIENTIFIC, LEARNING, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ENVIRONMENTS IN GEOSCIENCES BY USING CROSS-POLARIZED LIGHT PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors:   Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, 20A Carol I Blv., 700505 Iaşi, Romania, APOPEI Andrei-Ionuț , BUZGAR Nicolae , BUZATU Andrei , MAFTEI Andreea-Elena , APOSTOAE Liliana
Published: March 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) minerals and rocks in the form of interactive, engaging, and immersive experiences are of paramount importance to the geoscience community, researchers, students, and philomaths. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) crisis affecting our society in the spring of 2020 highlighted the importance of 3D material in geoscience education — compared to 2D images, the three-dimensional models provide a better way to learn and to recognize different minerals and rocks, properties, textures, etc. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive method to create an interactive scientific, learning, and cultural heritage environment in the field of Geosciences. In this paper, we overcome most of the Structure-from-Motion - Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry limitations, where samples with a transparent, translucent, or glossy surface are a real challenge for the feature detection algorithms of the SfM workflow. Correct lighting setup, the usage of cross-polarized light photogrammetry workflow, anti-reflection coating spray and post-processing steps are the essential ingredients for an enhanced photogrammetric study. The main output of this research consists of a comprehensive virtual 3D collection of minerals and rocks which are available online via the Sketchfab repository of the Museum of Mineralogy and Petrography “Grigore Cobălcescu” (https://sketchfab.com/MineralogyPetrographyMuseum).
THE INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATION “CORMOMICS MOS” ON THE GROWTH AND MEAT LAMB PRODUCTIVITY
Authors:   Saratov state agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, BIRYUKOV O.I.
Published: March 2021

The results of using the prebiotic drug “Kormomix MOS”, when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age are presented. Its positive eff ect on the growth of live weight and meat productivity has been established. By live weight, the superiority of the experimental group of animals over the control group was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P > 0.999). Experienced animals had higher slaughter rates.
GROWTH AND MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF EDILBAY SHEEP WHEN USING THE PREMIX PVM-81-2 “SULFVITA” В РАЦИОНЕ КОРМЛЕНИЯ ПРЕМИКСА ПВМ-81-2 «СУЛЬФВИТА»
Authors:   Saratov state UNIVERSITY named after N.I. Vavilov, MOLCHANOV A.V. , EGOROVA K.A. , EGOROVA Е.А. , KOZIN A.N.
Published: March 2021

The article presents data on the eff ect of vitamin and mineral premix PVM 81-2 “Sulfvita” on the weight growth and meat productivity of sheep of the edilbaev breed.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN MUSCLES SHOULDER GIRDLE OF THE AXIAL DEPARTMENT YOUNG SHEEP OF THE QIGAI BREED
Authors:   Orenburg state agrarian UNIVERSITY, KOSILOV V.I. , NIKONOVA E.A. , KUBATBEKOV T.S. ,   Timiryazev state agrarian University-Moscow state agricultural Academy, YULDASHBAYEV YU.A. , ТRAISOV B.B.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studying the growth and development of the shoulder girdle muscles of the axial section of young sheep of the qigai breed, depending on the gender and physiological state.
SKIN AND WOOL COVER OF PRECOS SHEEP DIFFERENT CONSTITUTIONALLY PRODUCTIVE TYPES [
Authors:   Belgorod state UNIVERSITY named after V. Ya. Gorin, KORNIENKO P.P.
Published: March 2021

In sheep of breeds prekos diff erent constitutional-productive types studied the formation of a skin-coat: total thickness of the skin and its individual layers, density of hair follicles, including taking into account the shrinkage of the skin in the process of making histological preparations; the physical and technical properties of wool in diff erent topographic areas of the fl eece. The constitutionally productive types of sheep and their combinations are identifi ed, the breeding of which will allow you to get the maximum amount of production.
Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015
Authors: Kontturi Antti , Kekomäki Satu , Soini Hanna , Ollgren Jukka , Salo Eeva
Published: March 2021

Introduction

In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective.

Aim

We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model.

Results

We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7–2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.11).

Discussion

Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.
The impact of social and physical distancing measures on COVID-19 activity in England: findings from a multi-tiered surveillance system
Authors: Bernal Jamie Lopez , Sinnathamby Mary A , Elgohari Suzanne , Zhao Hongxin , Obi Chinelo , Coughlan Laura , Lampos Vasileios , Simmons Ruth , Tessier Elise , Campbell Helen , McDonald Suzanna , Ellis Joanna , Hughes Helen , Smith Gillian , Joy Mark , Tripathy Manasa , Byford Rachel , Ferreira Filipa , de Lusignan Simon , Zambon Maria , Dabrera Gavin , Brown Kevin , Saliba Vanessa , Andrews Nick , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Mandal Sema , Edelstein Michael , Elliot Alex J , Ramsay Mary
Published: March 2021

Background

A multi-tiered surveillance system based on influenza surveillance was adopted in the United Kingdom in the early stages of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to monitor different stages of the disease. Mandatory social and physical distancing measures (SPDM) were introduced on 23 March 2020 to attempt to limit transmission.

Aim

To describe the impact of SPDM on COVID-19 activity as detected through the different surveillance systems.

Methods

Data from national population surveys, web-based indicators, syndromic surveillance, sentinel swabbing, respiratory outbreaks, secondary care admissions and mortality indicators from the start of the epidemic to week 18 2020 were used to identify the timing of peaks in surveillance indicators relative to the introduction of SPDM. This timing was compared with median time from symptom onset to different stages of illness and levels of care or interactions with healthcare services.

Results

The impact of SPDM was detected within 1 week through population surveys, web search indicators and sentinel swabbing reported by onset date. There were detectable impacts on syndromic surveillance indicators for difficulty breathing, influenza-like illness and COVID-19 coding at 2, 7 and 12 days respectively, hospitalisations and critical care admissions (both 12 days), laboratory positivity (14 days), deaths (17 days) and nursing home outbreaks (4 weeks).

Conclusion

The impact of SPDM on COVID-19 activity was detectable within 1 week through community surveillance indicators, highlighting their importance in early detection of changes in activity. Community swabbing surveillance may be increasingly important as a specific indicator, should circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses increase.
NECESSITY, FEASIBILITY, AND CHOICE OF WAY OF INTEGRATING THE GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP AND THE INITIATIVE CALLED “ONE BELT, ONE PATH”
Authors:   Institute for Russian, East European and Central Asian studies of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhao Huirong
Published: March 2021

The article covers the combination of two large-scale integration projects, the Great Eurasian Partnership (Russian Federation) and the initiative called One Belt, One Path (People’s Republic of China). Following the joint statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation dated 5 June 2019, which sets out the fundamental provisions of a comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between the two countries, the author states that the cooperation between Russia and China is conditioned by a number of the political, economic, cultural, and geographical factors; that it can bring tangible benefits not only to Moscow and Beijing, but to almost the entire Eurasian continent, as well as stabilise the global situation. However, in the process of their interaction Russia and China constantly encounter various obstacles, which manifest themselves at the bilateral, regional, and global levels and significantly slow down the implementation of joint projects, which are mutually beneficial. In this work, the author proves that the cumulative intensifying effect on the cooperation between Russia and China can be provided by the strategy of “pairing” integration projects of Russia and China, which the parties have been implementing quite consistently and steadily since 2014.
UZBEKISTAN OF 2018 – EARLY 2020. MAIN TRENDS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Sharueva Marina V.
Published: March 2021

This article covers an analysis of socio-economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the present time. The author reviews the main formation milestones for an independent state from 1991. He shows that the process was accompanied by a radical breakdown of the previous administrative command system, privatisation and demonopolisation, the introduction of various forms of market relations, and the creation of new industries. The author highlights, in particular, successful and unsuccessful attempts of the country’s leaders to raise the profile of the industrial sector of the economy and to make Uzbekistan an industrial state. The author sets a task to characterise the structure of Uzbekistan’s economy, to analyse indicators of gross domestic production, and to study the features of its development. The article discusses in detail the main parameters of the socio-economic situation in the country in 2018 – early 2020 and highlights the key factors contributing to the crisis trends in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the author, cyclical global crises and the coronavirus pandemic, as well as mass labour migration to neighbouring countries, should be recognised as key factors in that case. Special attention is paid to the analysis of various aspects of multifaceted cooperation between Russia and Uzbekistan and joint projects implemented in various sectors of the national economies of both countries. The author emphasises that a new impetus to these relations was given by Vladimir Putin’s state visit to Tashkent in October 2018.
Determination of Yield, Oil and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Oil Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) Genotypes İn Diyarbakır Conditions
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ferhat
Published: March 2021

Oil seeds have an important place in human and animal nutrition because of their protein, fat, carbohydrate and mineral content content. This study was carried out to determination of yield, oil and fatty acid composition of some oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) genotypes in Diyarbakır conditions in 2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In the study, thirteen different sunflower genotypes (Nantio, Turkuaz, Sanbro, Sanay MR, Armada CL, Bosfora, Tarsan 1018, LG 5580, Sirena, Transol, LG 5482, Coral and Tunca) were used as material. In the study plant height, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, seed yield,protein content, oil content, content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the sunflower were investigated. The result showed that Significant differences were found between genotypes with respect to yield and oil quality components. According to mean values, the highest seed yield obtained from LG-5580 genotype (3813 kg ha-1). The highest values 1000 seed weight were found from LG-5580 (73.7 g) and Tunca (72.5 g) genotypes. The great oil content found as 44.6% from Armada CL genotype. The highest Linoleic acid content values were found by Tunca (55.7%) and LG-5580 (55.3%) genotypes, in adition to, the highest oleic values was determinated by Bosfora (37.8%) genotype. it was concluded that LG-5580 genotype could reliably be used in sunflower farming under ecological conditions of Diyarbakır province of Turkey.
Pocket Queens: Poker, Women, Stories
Authors: Rak Julie
Published: March 2021

A CGS blog entry titled "Pocket Queens: Poker, Women, Stories".
An unusual presentation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Florina-Adriana Ghitun , Stefan Ailoaei , Dan Ursu , Raluca Chistol , Grigore Tinica , Cristian Statescu , Mihaela Grecu
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most frequent supraventricular tachycardia, commonly manifesting as autolimited paroxysmal episodes of rapid regular palpitations that exceed 150 beats per minute (bpm), dizziness and pounding neck sensation. Case presentation: We present a case of a male patient, 70 years old, with ischemic heart disease and slow-fast AVNRT treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in March 2019, with regular 6-months follow-ups. He was readmitted in our department in November 2020 for rest dyspnea and incessant fluttering sensation in the neck, without palpitations. The event electrocardiogram (ECG) was initially interpreted by general cardiologist as accelerated junctional rhythm, 75 bpm. Due to the persistence of symptoms and ECG findings, a differential diagnosis between reentry and focal automaticity was imposed. The response to vagal maneuvers and Holter ECG monitoring characteristics provided valuable information. We suspected recurrent slow ventricular rate typical AVNRT, which was confirmed by electrophysiological study and we successfully performed the RFCA of the slow intranodal pathway. Conclusion: AV nodal reentry tachycardia may have an unusual presentation, occurring in elder male patients with structural heart disease. Antiarrhythmic drugs can promote reentry in this kind of patients. In cases of slow ventricular rate, vagal maneuvers and Holter ECG monitoring can help with the differential diagnosis. The arrhythmia can be successfully treated with RFCA with special caution regarding the risk of AV block.