bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВАКЦИНАЦИЯ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТЕ
Authors: Осадчук Михаил Александрович , Лоранская Ирина Дмитриевна , Осадчук Максим Михайлович
Published: January 2025

Вакцинация населения способна спасти от 2–3 до 6 млн человеческих жизней в год, избежать возникновения тяжелых заболеваний и повысить общую продолжительность жизни. История вакцинации началась за 1000 лет до наступления нашей эры. Именно к той эпохе относятся первые прививки от оспы с помощью вариоляции. Однако в Европе вариоляция с целью профилактики оспы стала применяться только с начала XVIII в. В XIX в. началась вакцинация от оспы. К концу XIX в. кроме вакцины от оспы в клиническую практику были внедрены вакцины от четырех заболеваний: бешенства — в 1885 г., брюшного тифа и холеры — в 1896 г. и чумы — в 1897 г. А уже в XX в. были разработаны и внедрены в практическую медицину 35 различных вакцин. В настоящее время процесс создания вакцин продолжается. Так, например, в XXI в. были разработаны различные вакцины от вируса папилломы человека, ротавирусной инфекции, опоясывающего герпеса, пневмококковой, коронавирусной инфекции. Существует мнение, что будущее вакцинации может быть связано с использованием вакцин, полученных на основе генной инженерии, история которых началась в 1993 г., и связано с созданием такой вакцины против вирусного гепатита В.

Vaccination of the population can save from 2–3 million to 6 million human lives per year, avoid the occurrence of serious diseases and increase overall life expectancy. The history of vaccination began 1000 years before our era. The first vaccinations against smallpox using variolation date back to that era. However, in Europe, variolation for the purpose of preventing smallpox began to be used only from the beginning of the 18th century. In the 19th century Smallpox vaccination began. By the end of the 19th century. In addition to the smallpox vaccine, vaccines against four diseases were introduced into clinical practice: rabies in 1885, typhoid and cholera in 1896, and plague in 1897. And already in the 20th century. 35 different vaccines were developed and introduced into practical medicine. Currently, the process of creating vaccines continues. So, for example, in the 21st century. Various vaccines have been developed against human papillomavirus, rotavirus infection, herpes zoster, pneumococcal, and coronavirus infections. There is an opinion that the future of vaccination may be associated with the use of vaccines obtained on the basis of genetic engineering, the history of which began in 1993 and is associated with the creation of such a vaccine against viral hepatitis B.
Determinants and Perception of Incest in Family Relationships in Uyo Capital City, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Home Economics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017 Uyo, Nigeria, Nkan Victoria , Udofia Enwongo Abasi ,   Department of Home Economics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017 Uyo, Nigeria, Uduk Deborah ,   Department of Home Economics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017 Uyo, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the determinants and perceptions of incest in family relationships within Uyo, the capital city of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Despite strong cultural and legal taboos, incest persists, necessitating an exploration of its root causes and societal views. Using a cross-sectional survey of 800 respondents (382 males, 418 females), the research identifies key determinants of incest, including poverty (15%), depression (14%), and alcoholism (16%), as well as factors like single parenting (15%) and divorce/separation (20%). A factor analysis groups these causes into psychological, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, revealing that emotional instability, financial hardship, and environmental vulnerabilities significantly increase the risk of incestuous behavior. Regarding perception, 51% of respondents strongly agreed that incest occurs frequently, with 50% specifically acknowledging its prevalence in Uyo Capital City. The study highlights the role of stigma, cultural sensitivity, and under-reporting as major barriers to addressing incest cases. Incest was perceived as particularly prevalent during periods of social or economic instability, such as the COVID-19 lockdown, with 50% of respondents strongly agreeing that cases increased during this time. The findings underscore the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy involving community leaders, policymakers, and mental health professionals. This study provides a critical framework for developing policies aimed at preventing incest and promoting healthier family dynamics in Uyo and similar regions.
E-Tourism in Nigeria: An Examination of Internet as a Tool for Tourism Marketing in Ikogosi Warm and Cold Spring Holiday Resort
Authors:   Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti 373, Nigeria, Olasupo Deborah , Adebayo Ibidapo ,   Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti 373, Nigeria, Orimaye Olakunle ,   Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, 3017, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to ascertain the role played by Internet in marketing the tourism sector in Nigeria, majorly highlighting Ikogosi Warm Spring in Ekiti state. Recognizing tourism's socio-economic benefits, the research explores whether digital marketing could enhance visibility and visitor numbers for under-promoted sites like Ikogosi. Key questions address internet usage, tourist behavior, and the challenges facing e-tourism in Nigeria. Survey data were collected from 100 participants (60 tourists and 40 stakeholders), with findings that 70% of all respondents agreed digital marketing strongly influences tourist decision-making. However, 52% indicated that limited Internet access in rural areas like Ikogosi hampers effective online promotion. Additionally, 60% identified inadequate content about Ikogosi online as a barrier to attracting tourists, while 45% cited poor infrastructure as a major impediment to digital outreach. Regarding online engagement, 78% of respondents suggested that a dedicated website and social media channels for Ikogosi could increase tourist interest, with 65% agreeing that social media campaigns are currently the most effective tool for tourism promotion. On content type, 72% expressed a preference for visuals (photos and videos) showcasing the site’s attractions and cultural elements, believing that such content would have the greatest impact on attracting tourists. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the Internet’s potential to transform tourism in Nigeria by enhancing site visibility and tourist attraction if infrastructural and content-related issues are addressed. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to boost digital engagement and increase visitation to Ikogosi and similar destinations.
The Roots of Single Parenting and Its Influence on the Socioeconomic Trajectories of Young Adults in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Home Economics, University of Uyo, Nigeria, Nwonye Ngozi U. , Nkan Victoria V. ,   Department of Home Economics, University of Uyo, Nigeria, Dijeh Ann E. ,   Department of Home Economics, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the causes and multifaceted impacts of single parenting on the socio-economic development of young adults in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This context, often overlooked in global family dynamics research, is increasingly relevant as urbanization accelerates. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 399 respondents, including both academic and non-academic staff, through structured questionnaires. The study found that the primary drivers of single-parent households in the region are divorce (49.6%) and widowhood (40.1%).Young adults from single-parent families face significant challenges, including heightened risks of social stigma, economic hardship, and educational disparities. These challenges were reflected in clustered mean scores of 2.715 for social impact and 2.729 for economic impact. The study also highlighted gendered perceptions, revealing that social adjustment and career outcomes are shaped by both gender and family structure. Female respondents, in particular, reported greater difficulties in social integration and career progression. A unique aspect of this study is its localized focus on the dynamics of single-parenting in a rapidly urbanizing Nigerian city. The findings underscore the critical need for targeted interventions at both policy and community levels to address the specific challenges faced by young adults in these households. Recommendations include enhancing support networks, improving access to mental health services, and offering financial aid for educational advancement. The study emphasizes the importance of developing tailored interventions that foster resilience among young adults from single-parent households. By addressing systemic challenges, these interventions could play a vital role in promoting socio-economic inclusion and informing more inclusive policies in Nigeria’s rapidly changing socio-economic landscape.
Lesão corporal: a violência doméstica contra a mulher não enseja inelegibilidade. O anacronismo da LC nº 64/1990
Authors: Barreto Alessandra Almeida
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho, cuja metodologia jurídica consistiu em pesquisa de caráter bibliográfco e qualitativo, tem por objeto nuclear trazer uma análise, embora perfunctória, sobre a desatualização da Lei Complementar (LC) nº 64/1990, que versa sobre a inelegibilidade no seu aspecto penal, em especial quanto à ausência do crime de lesão corporal dolosa qualifcada no âmbito da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher no rol previsto no seu inciso I, alínea e. Aborda, também, de modo subjacente, princípios penais como o da fragmentariedade, que, embora próprios do ramo penal, vêm sendo aplicados em Direito Eleitoral, num movimento inverso, subvertendo-se a lógica doutrinária, como se depreende pelo descompasso da omissão legislativa com o sistema de proteção e com as políticas de enfrentamento à violência de gênero, reconhecida como não insignifcante pela jurisprudência. Na omissão não isolada, mas sistêmica, até na lei de efeitos primariamente penais, como a dos crimes hediondos, verifca-se tal anacronismo. Nesse sentido, para servir de resposta da sociedade em não admitir como governante um agente com tal perfl, faz-se imperiosa a necessidade de incluir os crimes do art. 129 do Código Penal, em seus diversos graus qualifcadores contra a mulher, nas hipóteses legais caracterizadoras da hediondez, bem como, extra penalmente, ensejam inelegibilidade. Assim, é necessária a atualização normativa da Lei nº 8.072/1990 e da LC nº 64/1990 para estarem em sintonia com o microssistema de enfrentamento à violência de gênero.
Representação e representatividade no Congresso Nacional e a Lei nº 14.192/2021, que versa sobre a violência política contra mulheres
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Alice Fernandes , Salgado Eneida Desiree
Published: January 2025

O cenário político brasileiro é marcado por aspectos sociais, econômicos e culturais específcos. O país tem desigualdades estruturais que são delineadas por gênero, raça e etnia, sexualidade, idade, região etc. Os espaços político-decisórios no Brasil continuam a refetir essas características. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a situação atual da representação descritiva das mulheres no Congresso Nacional, na legislatura de 2019-2023, para refetir sobre como isso implica termos de representatividade. Para aprofundar a questão, foi analisada a Lei nº 14.192, promulgada em 2021, que procura combater a violência política contra as mulheres. A pesquisa se concentra no método dedutivo, com viés qualitativo, baseado em técnicas procedimentais eminentemente bibliográfcas e documentais. Com o olhar voltado às questões de gênero e ao marco teórico feminista, explora os temas de representação e representatividade, inclusão, reconhecimento e identidade que giram em torno da violência política baseada no gênero. Com relação à nova lei, as consequências e as repercussões na esfera político-eleitoral brasileira poderão ser melhor vistas na prática, principalmente a partir das eleições de 2022. Resta saber que infuência uma representação mais ampla das mulheres nos espaços de tomada de decisão política teria sobre o regime democrático.
A angústia, o medo e a coragem de ser uma candidata mulher à eleição no Brasil: violência política de gênero
Authors: Oliveira Nildete Santana de
Published: January 2025

No presente artigo, busca-se lançar luz sobre o tema da violência política de gênero no ambiente político eleitoral brasileiro, com destaque, resumidamente, para a historicidade da participação feminina na política. Apresentam-se antecedentes, singulares, locais, a fm de situar a pessoa que lê num contexto mais amplo, visando evidenciar que essa não é uma discussão novel. Em seguida, buscou-se pelo aspecto teórico da pesquisa bibliográfca, utilizando-se fontes doutrinárias, artigos científcos, normas legais, notícias jornalísticas, dados estatísticos e de pesquisas, a fm de verifcar que a participação feminina no cenário político tem sido diminuta, também em virtude da cultura de violência e exclusão. Assim, suscitaram-se algumas circunstâncias de discriminação por meio da violência, que atingem as mulheres de forma hostil, cruel e brutal. Finalmente, apresentou-se uma proposição para contribuir com o debate, com as ações e com as políticas públicas de cotas no Brasil. É necessário subverter a ordem atual com políticas de inclusão mais efetivas para assegurar a integração feminina.
O financiamento de campanhas femininas: a importância de uma legislação emancipadora no combate à violência política de gênero
Authors: Silva José Renato de Oliveira , Souza Murilo Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca compreender os refexos das alterações legislativas voltadas a romper com a violência política de gênero em relação a candidaturas e a campanhas eleitorais fctícias. Com isso, ao investigar o papel da mulher e a sua sub-representação no parlamento, aprofunda-se neste trabalho a análise de incentivos legais para sua inserção política. Para tanto, examinou-se, a partir da disputa ao cargo de deputado federal no âmbito do Estado de Mato Grosso, as diferenças concretas de investimento nas campanhas eleitorais nas duas últimas eleições, levando em conta o fnanciamento de campanhas femininas. Assim, com o emprego do método teórico-documental de pesquisa, conclui-se pela relevância das alterações legislativas que asseguraram em 2022 melhores condições para participação das mulheres na política.
Análisis preliminar: mejoramiento de conservación preventiva en cerámica Tallan utilizando agua destilada con cloruro de sodio, y presencia de microorganismos
Authors: Gonzalez Espino David
Published: January 2025

La conservación preventiva sin lugar a dudas está tomando protagonismo desde la ciencia arqueológica a través de las piezas cerámicas que forman parte de diversas colecciones públicas y privadas, en tal sentido se necesita por un lado materiales y por otro se vuelve importante realizar diagnósticos de lesiones que sufren las piezas. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar que la intervención con agua destilada y cloruro de sodio (NaCl) al 9.00% mejoran la conservación preventiva en cerámica Tallan identificándose presencia de microorganismos en las piezas. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo, tipo aplicada y diseño pre experimental. En cuanto a los resultados tenemos que al intervenir las 12 piezas cerámicas se realizó un registro pre y post a la intervención, teniendo como resultado que el grado de significancia (sig) 0,000 de la prueba t student para muestras emparejadas confirma el mejoramiento de conservación preventiva. Así también realizo toma de muestra en cerámica seleccionada a través del análisis en laboratorio determinándose presencia de levaduras que están presentes en la superficie del material cerámico, hecho recurrente ya que existen estudios que están demostrando que en la región Piura el material cerámico recibe ataque biológico producido por especies de levaduras.
Es importante resaltar que estos estudios sirven para recomendar el uso de materiales como agua destilada, y suero fisiológico (cloruro de sodio) en las piezas cerámicas prehispánicas, así también es vital desarrollar diagnósticos de carácter biológico en cerámicas que presentan lesiones que se caracterizan con manchas oscuras de diferentes tamaños y formas en la parte superficial de las piezas cerámicas.
Análisis de la relación entre la variabilidad del tipo de cambio real (bilateral) en la balanza comercial según la teoría Marshall – Lerner, Perú 2013.01-2023.12
Authors: Mendoza Rodríguez Gustavo Adolfo , Estrada Yovera Charito Liseth , Pérez Berrú Nayely Teresita , Trelles Pozo Luis Ramón
Published: January 2025

Se explora la relación entre el tipo de cambio real (TCR) bilateral y la balanza comercial (BC) del Perú durante el período 2013-2023, donde se utiliza un enfoque econométrico robusto, que incluye modelos de series de tiempo como el VAR y el ARIMA, con ello se busca determinar si las fluctuaciones en el TCR tienen un impacto significativo sobre la balanza comercial, y si las condiciones estipuladas por la condición de Marshall-Lerner se cumplen en el caso peruano. La investigación proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la dinámica entre el TCR y la BC, enfatizando cómo las políticas cambiarias pueden influir en el comportamiento del comercio exterior del país. Los resultados sugieren que las fluctuaciones cambiarias afectan a la balanza comercial, pero la magnitud de este impacto está condicionada por las características estructurales de la economía peruana y el entorno global. Se tiene que la elasticidad precio de las exportaciones es de 0.165994 y la elasticidad precio de las importaciones es 1.534138, donde la suma es 1.700132, esto demuestra que una devaluación de la moneda mejorará la balanza comercial del país porque el incremento en el valor de las exportaciones superará el incremento en el costo de las importaciones, entonces si se cumple la condición Marshall – Lerner. Este análisis tiene importantes implicaciones para el diseño de políticas económicas orientadas a mejorar la competitividad y el equilibrio comercial del Perú.
Výsledky doterajšieho architektonicko-historického a archívného výskumu hradu Čičava
Authors: Bóna Martin , Šimkovic Michal , Janura Tomáš
Published: January 2025

Príspevok informuje o výsledkoch architektonicko-historického a archívneho výskumu zrúcaniny hradu Čičava (Čičva), dominujúceho na výbežku Humenského pohoria nad obcou Sedliská vo východnom Slovensku. Výskum bol realizovaný v roku 2016 ako súčasť prípravnej dokumentácie k prebiehajúcej konzervácii hradnej zrúcaniny a nadviazal na staršie prieskumy D. Menclovej, Z. Gardavského, A. Vallaška a M. Plačka. Terénny výskum bol realizovaný nedeštruktívnou obhliadkou dostupných situácií a spolu s archívnym výskumom písomných prameňov priniesol nové zistenia k vývoju tejto ucelene zachovanej hradnej zrúcaniny.
Ceramic framings of the stove mouth : interpretation of the finds and the functional purpose of Early Modern Age stoves in the Middle Dnieper region (Ukraine)
Authors: Myronenko Ljudmyla
Published: January 2025

This study summarises the results of investigating one category of architectural-decorative stove ceramics – ceramic framings of stove mouths. Analysis of the shapes and sizes of the products, studying the circumstances of their discovery, as well as drawing on known analogies allowed us to supplement the understanding of the features of stove construction in the 17th–18th centuries in one of the regions of Ukraine and to clarify some nuances of their functional purpose.
War and the future of war
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Williams Sarah , Brawley Simon
Published: January 2025

What emerging trends can we identify in modern warfare, and how will new technologies shape future conflict and the military operating environment?
Climate security
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Swan Gemma , Brawley Simon
Published: January 2025

Climate security refers to the impact of climate change on national security. The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change described the threat posed by climate change to human and national security as a "code red for humanity".
Investigating the relationship between environmental literacy and mathematical literacy toward computer self-efficacy in secondary school
Authors: Rozikin Ahmad , Suherman Suherman , Farida Farida , Tasca Riccardo
Published: January 2025

Background: The twenty-first century has been characterised by remarkable advances in technology, information, and communication, underscoring the importance of environmental and mathematical literacy in navigating this digital age.Aim: The study aims to investigate the influence of environmental and mathematical literacy on computer self-efficacy.Method: This study employed a quantitative methodology within a correlational research design, with a total of 47 secondary school students participating by random sampling. Regression analysis was used to analyse the data, revealing insightful findings on the relationship between environmental and mathematical literacy and computer self-efficacy.Results: After conducting the prerequisite checks for the regression test, it was determined that the feasibility of testing the hypothesis by the data, particularly through the regression test. In this study, the results showed that the relationship between environmental literacy and mathematical literacy with computer self-efficacy abilities is particularly significant. In fact, the study found that the combined influence of environmental and mathematical literacy on computer self-efficacy is stronger than its individual effects, suggesting a synergistic relationship between these types of literacy. Furthermore, mathematical literacy emerged with the highest average score of 62.070, followed by environmental literacy and computer self-efficacy abilities, which received average scores of 54.875 and 55.953, respectively.Conclusion: In summary, the study underscores the significant positive impact on the relationship between environmental and mathematical literacy on computer self-efficacy among secondary school students. By improving environmental and mathematical literacy, educators and researchers can empower students with the skills and competencies necessary to navigate the digital landscape with confidence and proficiency.
Enhancing the students’ problem-solving ability through situation-based learning with the six thinking hats technique
Authors: Wongsa Suriwan , Cojorn Kanyarat
Published: January 2025

Background: Problem-solving ability is essential in learning, particularly in addressing complex situations that require multi-perspective analysis. Many students face difficulties in systematic thinking, leading to ineffective problem-solving. Enhancing this skill is crucial for overcoming daily challenges.Aims: This research aims to improve the problem-solving ability of Grade 11 students in Electrochemistry, targeting a minimum criterion of 70% proficiency, through the integration of Situation-Based Learning and the Six Thinking Hats technique.Methods: Employing action research, this study was conducted in three cycles with 31 Grade 11 students from Sarakhampittayakhom School, Thailand. Research instruments included: (1) lesson plans based on Situation-Based Learning and the Six Thinking Hats technique, (2) problem-solving ability tests, (3) observation sheets for problem-solving behaviors, and (4) student interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using averages and percentages, while qualitative data were evaluated through content analysis.Results: The findings indicate a significant improvement in students' problem-solving ability over the three cycles. In the first cycle, 13 students (41.94%) achieved the 70% criterion, increasing to 20 students (64.52%) in the second cycle, and 28 students (90.32%) in the third cycle. This progression highlights the effectiveness of the proposed technique in enhancing problem-solving skills by fostering independent thinking, exploring diverse perspectives, and evaluating solutions comprehensively.Conclusion: Students receiving Situation-Based learning with the Six Thinking Hats technique show increased problem-solving ability. Therefore, this approach can significantly enhance the problem-solving ability of the target group.
MathQuest: A powerpoint-based problem-based learning game for mathematical problem-solving
Authors: Supartini Reny , Sari Nenden Mutiara , Supianti In In , Septiani Gina Dwi
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite the importance of mathematical problem-solving skills in academic and everyday contexts, many students struggle to master these skills due to the lack of engaging and effective instructional tools. Traditional teaching methods often fail to address these challenges, highlighting the need for innovative approaches that integrate interactive and motivating elements into the learning process.Aims: This study aims to develop and validate a PowerPoint-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) game, evaluate its practicality in classrooms, and assess its effectiveness in improving students' mathematical problem-solving skills and motivation.Methods: Using the ADDIE model, this research involved 33 tenth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Validation by two media experts, two content experts, and two language experts ensured high-quality game design.Result: Expert validation results showed high scores for content (91%), media design (89%), and language clarity (92%), indicating strong validity. The game achieved a practicality score of 85% based on student usability feedback. Effectiveness was demonstrated through a significant improvement in students’ mathematical problem-solving skills, with average test scores increasing from 65 to 85 after using the game. Additionally, 70% of students reported heightened motivation and engagement in learning mathematics through this game.Conclusion: The PBL-based PowerPoint game demonstrated strong validity, practicality, and effectiveness in addressing the needs of students and enhancing their mathematical skills. Key educational game elements identified include immediate feedback, question variety, and the ability to play in groups, making it a viable tool for classroom implementation.
Peran Mahasiswa KKN Dalam Membangun Kembali Semangat Gotong Royong di Masyarakat Aek Siansimun
Authors: Heka Maya Sari Sembiring  , Nove Riski Manik  , Rudolf Fourenjes Simamora  , Ritasela Situmorang  , Elsa Febbyola Sinuhaji  , Ida Hotnauli Sinaga  , Onima Lase  , Nadia Christine Hasugian  , Nomita Panjaitan
Published: January 2025

The Real Work Lecture (KKN) students have successfully implemented the Desa Aek Siansimun, Kec. Tarutung, Kab. Tapanuli Utara, North Sumatra. Despite a number of challenges, successful outcomes have been made possible by effective community and student participation. Cleaning the environment, solving trash issues, and raising awareness of the value of cleanliness are all part of this cooperative activity. Students and inhabitants of Aek Siansimun, Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, develop a familial bond through this program in addition to its tangible effects. The success of this program depends on the active participation of the community. This curriculum for mutual cooperation helps students learn how to be socially and leadership-savvy. It is hoped that the program's success would serve as a motivational model for KKN's upcoming events and that it will continue to benefit the environment and society.
Основы совершенствования институциональных и экономических механизмов привлечения иностранных инвестиций / Fundamentals of improving institutional and economic mechanisms for attracting foreign investment
Authors: Badalyan Ruben A.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the improvement of institutional and economic mechanisms of foreign direct investment. The availability of investments and their proper use make it possible to ensure competitiveness, formation of future profitability of enterprises and increase their prices. Refusing to attract investments means giving up future profits. Currently, improving the internal institutional environment is a very important area of increasing the investment attractiveness of the Republic of Armenia. Among the main problems that hinder the effective attraction of FDI to the Republic of Armenia are an unfavorable institutional environment for doing business (high bureaucratic obstacles and level of corruption, low level of protection of property and intellectual property rights, imperfection of investment legislation, non-transparency of the judicial system, etc.), as well as a low level of market development of institutions (low share of private property, excessive state intervention in the activities of economic entities, etc.).
Выявление факторов, определяющих коррупцию в системах государственных закупок в развивающихся странах / Identifying the Determinants of Corruption in Public Procurement Systems in Developing Countries
Authors: Hovhannisyan Tatevik A.
Published: January 2025

Public procurement is a critical mechanism for promoting economic development, enhancing transparency, and ensuring effective resource allocation in any country. However, the effectiveness of public procurement systems in achieving these goals is often undermined by corruption. In developing countries, where institutional frameworks and regulatory mechanisms may be weaker, corruption in public procurement is particularly widespread, with far-reaching consequences for economic stability, governance, and public trust.
Despite global recognition of the importance of corruption in public procurement, the specific factors contributing to such corrupt practices in developing countries remain insufficiently studied. Economic, social, and political factors often intersect in complex ways, exacerbating vulnerability to corruption. This dynamic is especially evident in developing countries, which frequently face challenges in combating corruption in public procurement despite legal reforms and anti-corruption initiatives.
This study aims to identify and analyse the key factors that drive corruption in public procurement systems. By examining economic, social, and political factors, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes of procurement corruption in Armenia and offer insights into systemic issues faced by other developing countries.
Проблемы преобразования длинных денег консервативного пенсионного фонда (CQCON) управляющей компании C QUADRAT AMPEGA / Problems of Transforming Long-Term Money of the Conservative Pension Fund (CQCON) of the Management Company C QUADRAT Ampega
Authors: Melkonyan George A.
Published: January 2025

As of October 2024, the net asset value of the conservative fund of the management company C QUADRAT Ampega was 477 billion drams. This fund is the largest among the funds managed by C QUADRAT Ampega, in particular, due to the fact that it is the basic one when choosing a pension savings model by citizens. Thus, the management efficiency of this fund has the greatest social coverage. When analyzing this fund, the author comes to the conclusion that there is no strategic and holistic approach to the management and formation of this fund, which carries a significant risk in the context of the future well-being of the population of the Republic of Armenia.
Endodontide Güncel Bilgiler
Authors: Çetinkaya Feyza , Başar Özge , Akıncı Levent , Çiçek Medine , Şanal Çıkman Ahter , Bal İremnur , Çoban Öksüzer Merve
Published: January 2025

Endodonti, modern diş hekimliğinin hızla gelişen alanlarından biri olup, her geçen gün yenilenen bilgiler ve teknolojilerle zenginleşmektedir. Bu kitap, endodonti alanındaki güncel uygulamaları, yeni yöntemleri ve teknolojik gelişmeleri detaylı bir şekilde ele alarak klinik ve akademik çalışmalarda rehberlik etmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Alanında uzman yazarlar tarafından kaleme alınan Endodontide Güncel Bilgiler, birbirinden önemli altı bölümüyle endodonti pratiğine yönelik kapsamlı bir kaynak sunuyor:
1.Rejeneratif Endodontik Tedavide Doku Mühendisliği Uygulamaları ve Tedavi Yöntemleri
Bu bölümde, rejeneratif endodonti alanındaki yenilikler ele alınmakta; doku mühendisliği, biyomateryal kullanımı ve modern tedavi yaklaşımları detaylı şekilde incelenmektedir.
2.Kök Kanal Tedavisinin Yenilenmesi
Endodontik tedavilerin modern cihazlar ve protokollerle nasıl geliştirildiği, yenilenen yöntemlerle hasta sonuçlarının nasıl iyileştirilebileceği bu bölümde ele alınmıştır.
3.Endodontide İrrigasyon Aktivasyon Yöntemleri
Başarılı bir endodontik tedavinin temel taşlarından biri olan irrigasyon protokolleri, klasik ve yenilikçi aktivasyon yöntemleri ışığında kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmektedir.
4.Endodontik Cerrahi ve Prognostik Faktörler
Endodontik cerrahinin temel prensipleri, güncel yaklaşımlar ve tedavi başarısını etkileyen prognostik faktörler bu bölümde detaylı bir şekilde sunulmaktadır.
5.Endodontik Motorlar
Günümüz endodonti pratiğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan endomotor teknolojilerinin teknik detayları, klinik uygulamaları ve avantajları detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır.
6.Endodontide Bilgisayar Kontrollü Lokal Anestezinin Yeri
Bilgisayar kontrollü lokal anestezi sistemlerinin endodontik tedavilerdeki yeri ve hasta konforunu artırmadaki etkisi, bu bölümde kapsamlı bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır.
Endodontide Güncel Bilgiler, endodonti uzmanları, diş hekimleri ve öğrenciler için güncel bir başvuru kaynağı olma amacı taşımaktadır. Kitap, yalnızca teorik bilgileri değil, aynı zamanda klinik uygulamaları da kapsayarak, endodonti alanında daha başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmesine katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu değerli eserin, meslektaşlarımızın bilgi birikimine katkı sağlamasını temenni eder, keyifli okumalar dileriz.
Endodontik Motorlar
Authors: Bal İremnur
Published: January 2025

Endodontik motorlar, kanal tedavilerinde manuel araçların sınırlamalarını gidermek ve tedavi etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla geliştirilmiş cihazlardır. İlk olarak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ortaya çıkan bu cihazlar, 1970'lerden itibaren tork kontrolü ve hız ayarı gibi temel özelliklerle donatılmıştır. 1990'lardan itibaren kompakt ve ergonomik tasarımlar, entegre apex bulucular ve farklı hareket modları gibi teknolojik ilerlemelerle endomotorlar klinik uygulamalarda daha yaygın hale gelmiştir. 2000'li yıllarda kablosuz modellerin gelişmesiyle kullanıcı konforu ve taşınabilirlik artmış, günümüzde yapay zeka destekli cihazlar tedavi süreçlerini optimize eden akıllı sistemlere dönüşmüştür.
Endomotorlar genellikle kablolu ve kablosuz olarak sınıflandırılır. Kablolu modeller, dayanıklılık ve sabit güç kaynağı avantajları sunarken hareket özgürlüğünü sınırlar. Kablosuz modeller ise taşınabilirlik ve ergonomik kullanım sağlarken batarya ömrü gibi sınırlamalar barındırır. Ayrıca cihazlar, kapalı ve açık sistemler olarak ikiye ayrılır; kapalı sistemler uyumluluk ve stabilite sunarken, açık sistemler kullanıcıya geniş bir özelleştirme imkânı tanır.
Modern endomotorlar, tork kontrolü, dönüş hızı, hareket modları (rotary, reciprocation, adaptif hareket), entegre apex locator gibi özelliklerle donatılmıştır. Bu cihazlar, kanal tedavisinde hassasiyet, etkinlik ve zaman tasarrufu sağlarken yüksek maliyet ve teknik bilgi gerekliliği gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, endodontik endomotorlar günümüz klinik uygulamalarında vazgeçilmez araçlar olup, doğru seçimi ve etkin kullanımı klinik başarıda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
Endodontide Bilgisayar Kontrollü Lokal Anestezinin Yeri
Authors: Çoban Öksüzer Merve
Published: January 2025

Lokal anestezi diş hekimliğinde hastaların ağrısız bir şekilde tedavi olmalarını sağlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılır. Hastaların lokal anesteziye karşı duydukları korku onların tedaviden kaçınmalarına sebep olabilir. Bu durum bireylerin ağız-diş sağlığının bozulmasına ve daha komplike tedavilere yol açabilir. Lokal anestezi yapılırken meydana gelen ağrı genellikle enjeksiyon esnasında oluşan basıncın kontrol edilememesinden kaynaklanır. Doku pH’ı ve ilgili dişin durumu da dental anestezi başarısını etkileyen etmenlerdir. Özellikle irreversible pulpitisli mandibular molar dişlerde anestezi sağlamak oldukça zordur. Bu hastalar bir de dental işlemlere karşı kaygılı ve korkulu oldukları zaman tedaviyi yönetmek oldukça zorlaşabilir. Bu gibi durumları yönetmek ve anestezi başarısını arttırmak için bazı anestezi tekniklerinden yardım alınabilir. Son yıllarda yaygınlaşan bilgisayar destekli lokal anestezi teknikleri ağrıyı ve kaygıyı azaltmaktadır. Bu amaçla piyasada birçok cihaz tanıtılmıştır. Bilgisayar destekli lokal anestezide, anestezik solüsyonun dokuya veriliş hızı ve basıncı kontrol edilebilir böylece hasta için daha ağrısız ve konforlu bir süreç gerçekleşmiş olur.
Paternal Liderlik Algısının Stajyerlerin Görev Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: İstanbul’daki Turizm Meslek Liselerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: Çetinkaya Çağla
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırma, İstanbul’daki beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde staj yapan turizm meslek lisesi öğrencilerinin paternal liderlik algısının öğrencilerin staj görev performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Ayrıca paternal liderlik algısı ile kişilik özelliklerinin öğrencilerin görev performansına etkisinde cinsiyetin düzenleyici rolü araştırılmaktadır.
Araştırmanın örneklemi İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde staj yapan ve İstanbul’daki turizm meslek liselerinde eğitim gören öğrenciler ile bu öğrencilerin staj yaptığı kurumda doğrudan kendileriyle ilgilenen yöneticilerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu amaçla, 446 stajyer öğrenci ve öğrencilerle doğrudan etkileşimi olan 207 otel yöneticisinden elde edilen verilerin analizi amacıyla bağımsız örneklem t-testi, korelasyon analizi, çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ve düzenleyicilik etki analizi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca sağlamlık kontrolü kapsamında, öğrencilerden elde edilen paternal liderlik ve görev performansı verileri yöneticilere de uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma bulgularında, kız ve erkek öğrencilerin paternal liderliğe yönelik algılarının değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ancak paternal liderlik algısı öğrencilerin staj yaptığı departmana göre istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermemektedir. Bununla birlikte, beş faktörlü kişilik özelliklerinden uyumluluk ve dışa dönüklüğün paternal liderlik algısını olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca stajyer öğrencilerin paternal liderlik algısının görev performansı üzerinde cinsiyetin düzenleyici rolü incelenmiştir ve sonuçlar, erkek öğrenciler için anlamlı bulunmuştur.
Bu çalışmanın bulguları, turizm sektöründe stajyerlerin deneyimlerinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik olarak yöneticilere, akademisyenlere ve eğitimcilere çeşitli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Yöneticiler, stajyer öğrencilerin görev performansını artıracak liderlik uygulamaları geliştirme fırsatı elde ederken, bu uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesi sonucunda işyerindeki bağlılık, motivasyon ve iş performansında belirgin bir artış sağlanabilir. Ayrıca işletmelerin uzun vadede daha kalifiye bir iş gücü oluşturmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırma hem bireysel hem de kurumsal düzeyde olumlu sonuçların elde edilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
O bibliotecário, a acessibilidade e a inclusão: uma perspectiva social de atuação
Authors: Santos Ana Paula Lima dos , Pinto Fabiana de Melo Amaral Gonçalves
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a inclusão social como um tema central da Agenda 2030, documento elaborado pela ONU em 2015, do qual o Brasil é signatário. Explora o papel fundamental dos bibliotecários como agentes que garantem os direitos das pessoas excluídas e destacam a importância da capacitação desses profissionais nessa área. A Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (LBI) é apresentada como um dispositivo legal que impulsionou mudanças e adequações nas instituições públicas e privadas do país, buscando promover a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. Nesse contexto, é ressaltada a relevância das políticas de inclusão voltadas especificamente para esse grupo. O artigo também enfoca a importância da responsabilidade social dos bibliotecários, que vai além do cumprimento das obrigações legais, enfatizando a necessidade de promover a igualdade de acesso à informação e a inclusão de todos os usuários, independentemente de suas condições físicas ou habilidades. Além disso, destaca-se a criação de disciplinas de inclusão nos currículos de Biblioteconomia como um caminho para capacitar os futuros bibliotecários no entendimento das questões relacionadas à diversidade, acessibilidade e inclusão. O objetivo é refletir a formação do bibliotecário e sua preparação para as causas e demandas sociais direcionadas a acessibilidade e a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência. A metodologia utilizada é o paradigma indiciário, a pesquisa exploratória e a análise descritiva analítica. Conclui que a formação profissional é fundamental para que possam ser desenvolvidas práticas e serviços inclusivos nas bibliotecas, proporcionando um ambiente acolhedor e garantindo o acesso equitativo à informação para todos.
Odabrani aspekti prostitucije
Authors: Herceg Pakšić Barbara , Rešetar Ira
Published: January 2025

Uvod: Prostitucija kao jedno od najdugovječnijih društveno devijantnih oblika ponašanja, u svojoj biti nepromijenjena, u društvu se zadržala stoljećima sve do danas. Ovaj rad usredotočen je na analizu stavova hrvatskog društva prema prostituciji, uzimajući u obzir aktualni zakonodavni pristup koji je označava ilegalnom. Pregled literature: Slično kao i u drugim europskim državama, u Hrvatskoj je prostitucija smatrana kontroverznom temom. Upravo zbog načelno neprihvatljive prirode, zakonodavstva država tijekom povijesti različito su pristupala njezinoj kontroli radi regulacije ili prohibicije. Zakonske trendove, počevši od policijskog nadzora prostitucije, tzv. reglementacije, preko abolicije do prohibicije kojom je prostitucija postala ilegalna, pratila je i Republika Hrvatska. Točnije, danas se bavljenje prostitucijom u Hrvatskoj smatra prekršajem, dok se kaznenim djelom smatraju oblici organiziranja i poticanja na prostituciju. Temeljno je pitanje treba li zadržati prohibitivan pristup. Predmet istraživanja: Na pregled literature u ovom radu nastavlja se istraživanje razlika u stavovima prema prostituciji u skladu s različitim sociodemografskim faktorima, uz hipotezu da nema statistički značajnih razlika. Navedeno implicira očekivanja prema kojima su stavovi prema prostituciji relativno homogeni unutar populacije, neovisno o varijablama kao što su dob, spol, obrazovanje ili socioekonomski status. Metodologija: U istraživanju koje je provedeno putem anketnog upitnika sudjelovalo je sveukupno 299 sudionika prikupljenih metodom snježne grude. Rezultati: Korištenjem postupaka deskriptivne statističke analize te inferencijalne statističke obrade dobiveni su rezultati koji upućuju na sklonost muškaraca prema većem stupnju slaganja s legalizacijom prostitucije u odnosu na žene te na pozitivniji stav većinom politički lijevo orijentiranih osoba prema legalizaciji prostitucije u odnosu na desno orijentirane te one koji ne prate politiku.
Weekly Recap (Jan 2025 part 2)
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: January 2025

I'm still catching up on papers from my late 2024 backlog. This week’s recap highlights autonomous microbial sensors for detecting TNT in soil, genome size estimation from long reads, STABIX for indexing and compressing GWAS summary statistics, and Clair3-RNA for deep learning-based small variant calling on long-read RNA-seq data.
From an allergic reaction to a superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Milutinović Vojislava , Milutinović Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objective: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a collection of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from partial or complete obstruction of blood flow through the SVC. The venous obstruction may be due to compression, invasion, thrombosis, or fibrosis of the SVC. SVCS can be the initial presentation of a previously undiagnosed tumor in up to 60% of cases. We are presenting the case of a patient with SVC syndrome who was initially diagnosed with an allergic reaction. Case report: An eighty-year-old patient with an allergy diagnosis was referred from the Community Health Centre to the Internal Medicine Clinic. The patient had previously been treated with antihistamines for days due to swelling and facial redness, which showed no signs of improvement. During the chest x-ray, a widened shadow of the upper side of the mediastinum on the right side was noticed. Along with the clinical appearance of the patient, this raised doubts of the superior vena cava syndrome. Hence, the patient was hospitalised to the Department of Pulmonology. A CT chest scan showed an infiltrative change and a significantly compressed upper vena cava due to the mediastinal adenopathy. Urgent radiotherapy was prescribed to the patient. Conclusion: If primarily manifested by skin symptoms, the diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome can be easily overlooked. It is often that the clinical picture is initially interpreted as an allergic reaction, asthma or airway obstruction. In the presented case, this rare syndrome was the first symptom of intrathoracic malignancy.
Cuestiones de etiqueta y preferencia
Authors: Vidal Rafael
Published: January 2025

Se aborda la importancia del protocolo y ceremonial en España a finales del siglo XIX, destacando su relevancia en diversos conflictos entre militares, civiles y autoridades judiciales. La palabra preferencia se usaba como equivalente a precedencia y etiqueta como normas de ceremonial y a falta de acudir a la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa, el lugar de dirimir las controversias era el Consejo de Estado.
Protocolo, ceremonial e historia del Taoísmo
Authors: Somavilla Enrique
Published: January 2025

Resumen
El Taoísmo es una religión y creencia de la antigüedad, surgida en China, en la que también confluyen ideas budistas y confucianas. La palabra Tao, que también puede transcribirse del chino como Dao, hace referencia al camino de la vida, a su trayecto y significado. De este concepto absoluto deriva la palabra taoísmo, donde se encuentran tres virtudes a las que debemos aspirar relacionadas con el taoísmo, denominadas los Tres Tesoros: la humildad, la moderación y la compasión. Junto a ellas se alza una actitud general: la no-acción, que se centra en adaptarse a las circunstancias y eliminar metas y deseos, dejando de pretender controlarlo todo. Pues el Taoísmo basa parte de sus creencias en la idea de que todo fluye de manera natural si esperamos, teniendo en cuenta que toda realidad es siempre subjetiva. Por eso, es necesario encontrar la armonía con el Tao y reconocernos con nuestro auténtico yo o yo verdadero.
 
Palabras clave
 Taoísmo, religión, historia, protocolo y religiosidad.