bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do uso do IPD sobre a gestão de riscos de empreendimentos
Authors: Regis Márcio Rômulo da Silva , Teixeira Priscila Maris , Shoji Simone Sayuri , Cardoso Francisco Ferreira , Melhado Silvio , Souza Flávia Rodrigues de
Published: September 2023

A aplicação da gestão de riscos (GR), ao longo das fases de empreendimentos da construção civil, é influenciada pela forma como os participantes-chave se relacionam. O IPD (Integrated Project Delivery) ou Desenvolvimento Integrado de Empreendimentos constitui-se num conjunto de princípios voltados para a colaboração e o compartilhamento de riscos e resultados. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a influência da aplicação dos princípios do IPD sobre a GR de empreendimentos da construção civil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre os temas e sua relação, seguida de levantamento, mediante a aplicação de questionário junto a profissionais atuantes no setor. Verificou-se que o cruzamento entre GR e IPD constitui uma temática pouco explorada por outras pesquisas. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo indicaram: nível de conhecimento básico sobre GR; aplicação da GR de forma pouco consistente nas organizações; e algumas premissas do IPD já foram experimentadas por uma parcela dos respondentes. A comunicação aberta, direta e honesta e o envolvimento contínuo dos participantes contribuem relevantemente para a GR, e a participação antecipada da construtora pode favorecer a gestão de custos e a exequibilidade. Identificou-se a falta de conhecimento como a barreira mais relevante para a aplicação da GR nas organizações. Conclui-se que a aplicação do IPD resulta, principalmente, na diminuição da exposição aos riscos de empreendimentos do setor.
Diagnóstico do orçamento e planejamento de obras de pequenas reformas realizadas por negócios sociais
Authors: Gomes Luana Rodrigues , Hippert Maria Aparecida Steinherz
Published: September 2023

Diante das milhões de moradias brasileiras em inadequação domiciliar que carecem de reabilitação, atores como negócios sociais vem desenvolvendo pequenas reformas a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida de famílias de baixa renda. Mas, o mercado de reformas carece de procedimentos de gestão específicos, principalmente quando se trata de obras com grande restrição orçamentária pela baixa disponibilidade financeira do público-alvo. O objetivo do artigo é fazer um diagnóstico dos processos de orçamento e planejamento de obras de pequenas reformas realizadas por Negócios de Impacto Social em moradias de baixa renda. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão bibliográfica aliada ao levantamento de dados, coletados através de um questionário online que contou com 15 profissionais respondentes, atuantes em negócios sociais de diversos municípios do território nacional. Os negócios realizam pequenas reformas com preço reduzido e curta duração, comercializando reformas vendidas diretamente as famílias e reformas subsidiadas por organizações de interesse. O orçamento produzido pelos negócios é majoritariamente do tipo descritivo, utilizando de composições de custo de bancos de dados tradicionais que requisitam frequente adaptação das composições; além disso boa parte dos negócios possuem bancos de dados próprios. O planejamento de obra é feito com a utilização de poucos métodos da construção civil, majoritariamente cronogramas que não são controlados com frequência durante as obras. A falta de informações dos sistemas e elementos da edificação e a relação com a mão de obra são as principais dificuldades apontadas nestes processos.
A “Babel invertida” da Orquestra Popular de Câmara: projeto estético e processo criativo na Música Popular Instrumental Brasileira (MPIB)
Authors: Zimbres Paula de Queiroz Carvalho
Published: September 2023

A Orquestra Popular de Câmara foi um coletivo criado em São Paulo em 1997, por iniciativa de Benjamim Taubkin, com o objetivo estético de promover a confluência entre musicalidades “regionais” e “cosmopolitas”, “tradicionais” e “modernas”, “rurais” e “urbanas” – em suma, entre as polaridades ou “linhas de força” (TRAVASSOS, 2000, p. 7) em torno das quais giram as discussões sobre a identidade na música brasileira. Entendendo tais polaridades não como categorias fixas mas como modulações de características dispostas em um contínuo, procuramos neste artigo identificar, a partir da análise do fonograma “Suíte pra pular da cama (e ver o Brasil)” (1998), como esse projeto estético de integração “babélica” de musicares se expressa, concretamente, na música da Orquestra, e quais procedimentos e sonoridades são usados, aqui, para evocar esses diferentes “mundos”. Abordando os conceitos da “estética da sonoridade” de Didier Guigue conforme aplicados por Sérgio Molina à música popular, descrevemos a estrutura da “Suíte...” como uma justaposição de “momentos-estado” – seções de harmonia estática movidas pela interação improvisada – e “momentos-processo” – seções predeterminadas, com temas definidos e desenvolvimento harmônico –, representando um entrelaçamento entre a modernidade “tonal” e a tradição “modal”, conforme a distinção proposta por José Miguel Wisnik.
Dificuldade como critério de escolha de repertório para coro adulto amador: tendências da literatura
Authors: Sottani Willsterman
Published: September 2023

Este artigo é um relato da etapa de revisão de literatura da pesquisa de doutorado em andamento do autor, cujo problema é, em suma, a escassez de dispositivos consistentes para avaliação do grau de dificuldade do repertório coral à parte de catálogos preexistentes. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar como a literatura aborda a questão da dificuldade de repertório para coro adulto amador e quais são as tendências, além de elencar parâmetros para avaliação dessa dificuldade. Observou-se que a dificuldade de uma obra coral: está relacionada ao tempo de ensaio demandado para preparar essa obra; se evidencia principalmente nas pequenas dimensões da obra; e que somente se manifesta na relação entre a obra e um coro. Uma busca exploratória confirmou grande inconsistência em métodos existentes para classificação de repertório coral por grau de dificuldade. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica em bases acadêmicas demonstrou que a dificuldade é considerada um entre muitos critérios possíveis para a escolha de repertório – não o mais importante deles, porém um critério muito relevante, recorrente em mais da metade dos autores estudados. Finalmente, foi realizado um levantamento de parâmetros associados a dificuldade na bibliografia, em seguida organizados entre parâmetros de composição e parâmetros de habilidades e características do coro e dos coristas, além de várias subcategorias. Esses parâmetros contribuirão para a construção de um índex analítico que é um dos objetivos da pesquisa de doutorado referida anteriormente.
Capítulo XVIII do Segundo Livro do “Tratado de Harmonia reduzida aos seus princípios naturais”
Authors: Mazziero Kleber , Rameau Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2023

O “Tratado da Harmonia Reduzida aos Seus Princípios Naturais” (Traité de l’Harmonie Reduite à Ses Principes Naturels), de Jean-Philippe Rameau, publicado no ano de 1722, é fundamentado na Escrita a Quatro Vozes. Tanto assim, que o autor denomina “Voz” (Partie) a cada melodia que, somada a outras “Vozes” compõem um Acorde, uma Cadência, um complexo Harmônico. Apesar de o termo ou um derivado do termo “Voz” aparecerem 141 vezes somente no Livro Segundo do Tratado – o Livro no qual Rameau consubstancia sua argumentação sobre Harmonia –, a expressão “Músicas para Coros” (Choeurs de Musique), que se refere à Música Coral, aparece uma única vez ao longo de todo o Tratado. Traduz-se aqui, na íntegra, o Capítulo em que a expressão aparece: o Capítulo XVIII, do Livro Segundo do Tratado de Harmonia, de Rameau.
Different Home Blood Pressure Thresholds to Predict Perfect 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control in Treated Hypertension Based on an “All-in-One” Device
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Tomitani Naoko , Hoshide Satoshi , Nishizawa Masafumi , Yoshida Tetsuro , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Fujiwara Takeshi , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Okawara Yukie , Kanegae Hiroshi ,   on behalf of the HI-JAMP Study Group
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Home blood pressure (BP) is an important component of digital strategies for hypertension management. However, no studies have used the same device to investigate 24-hour BP control status in relation to different home BP control thresholds.

METHODS:

Participants in the general practitioner-based, multicenter HI-JAMP study (Home-Activity Information and Communication Technology-Based Japan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Prospective) underwent office BP measurement, then 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, then home BP monitoring for 5 days. A validated all-in-one BP monitoring device was used to measure office, home, and ambulatory BP. Baseline data were used to investigate ambulatory BP control status in individuals with well-controlled home BP based on the different guideline thresholds (125/75 mm Hg, 130/80 mm Hg, and 135/85 mm Hg).

RESULTS:

Data from 2269 patients were analyzed. For individuals with well-controlled home BP <135/85 mm Hg (59.5% of the total population), the prevalence of uncontrolled 24-hour (≥130/80 mm Hg), daytime (≥135/85 mm Hg), and nighttime ambulatory BP (≥120/70 mm Hg) was 19.9%, 18.5%, and 33.6%, respectively. Corresponding prevalence rates in the 42.7% of participants with well-controlled home BP <130/80 mm Hg were 13.4%, 12.9%, and 26.0%, and when well-controlled home BP was strictly defined as <125/75 mm Hg (23.9% of the population), prevalence of rates of uncontrolled 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime ambulatory BP were 7.0%, 9.0%, and 15.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Home BP control status defined using different thresholds could predict 24-hour ambulatory BP control status in treated hypertension. One-third of individuals still had uncontrolled nocturnal hypertension when home BP was controlled to <135/85 mm Hg, but ambulatory BP was quite well controlled when home BP was <125/75 mm Hg.
Disrupted Lives: Caregivers' Experiences of In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors' Recovery 5 Years Later
Authors: Harrod Molly , Hauschildt Katrina , Kamphuis Lee A. , Korpela Peggy R. , Rouse Marylena , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Iwashyna Theodore J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Survivors of in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) experience ongoing physical and cognitive impairments, often requiring support from a caregiver at home afterwards. Caregivers are important in the survivor's recovery, yet there is little research specifically focused on their experiences once the survivor is discharged home. In this study, we highlight how caregivers for veteran IHCA survivors described and experienced their caregiver role, the strategies they used to fulfill their role, and the additional needs they still have years after the IHCA event.

Methods and Results

Between March and July 2019, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 12 caregivers for veteran IHCA survivors. Interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was performed. Patterns within the data were further analyzed and grouped into themes. A predominant theme of “disruption” was identified across 3 different domains including the following: (1) disruption in caregiver's life, (2) disruption in caregiver–patient relationship, and (3) disruption in caregiver's well‐being. Disruption was associated with both positive and negative caregiver experiences. Strategies caregivers used and resources they felt would have helped them adjust to their caregiver role were also identified.

Conclusions

Caregivers for veteran IHCA survivors experienced a disruption in many facets of their lives. Caregivers felt the veterans' IHCA impacted various aspects of their lives, and they continued to need additional support in order to care for the IHCA survivor and themselves. Although some were able to procure coping strategies, such as counseling and engaging in stress‐relieving activities, most indicated additional help and resources were still needed.
Large-Eddy Simulations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer at Landfall in an Idealized Urban Environment
Authors: Rozoff Christopher M. , Nolan David S. , Bryan George H. , Hendricks Eric A. , Knievel Jason C.
Published: September 2023

Populated urban areas along many coastal regions are vulnerable to landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs). To the detriment of surface parameterizations in mesoscale models, the complexities of turbulence at high TC wind speeds in urban canopies are presently poorly understood. Thus, this study explores the impacts of urban morphology on TC-strength winds and boundary layer turbulence in landfalling TCs. To better quantify how urban structures interact with TC winds, large-eddy simulations (LESs) are conducted with the Cloud Model 1 (CM1). This implementation of CM1 includes immersed boundary conditions (IBCs) to represent buildings and eddy recycling to maintain realistic turbulent flow perturbations. Within the IBCs, an idealized coastal city with varying scales is introduced. TC winds impinge perpendicularly to the urbanized coastline. Numerical experiments show that buildings generate distinct, intricate flow patterns that vary significantly as the city structure is varied. Urban IBCs produce much stronger turbulent kinetic energy than is produced by conventional surface parameterizations. Strong effective eddy viscosity due to resolved eddy mixing is displayed in the wake of buildings within the urban canopy, while deep and enhanced effective eddy viscosity is present downstream. Such effects are not seen in a comparison LES using a simple surface parameterization with high roughness values. Wind tunneling effects in streamwise canyons enhance pedestrian-level winds well beyond what is possible without buildings. In the arena of regional mesoscale modeling, this type of LES framework with IBCs can be used to improve parameters in surface and boundary layer schemes to more accurately represent the drag coefficient and the eddy viscosity in landfalling TC boundary layers.

Significance Statement

This is among the first large-eddy simulation model studies to examine the impacts of tropical cyclone–like winds around explicitly resolved buildings. This work is a step forward in bridging the gap between engineering studies that use computational fluid dynamics models or laboratory experiments for flow through cities and mesoscale model simulations of landfalling tropical cyclones that use surface parameterizations specialized for urban land use.
What Controls the Entrainment Rate of Dry Buoyant Thermals with Varying Initial Aspect Ratio?
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Jeevanjee Nadir , Lecoanet Daniel , Peters John M.
Published: September 2023

This study uses theory and numerical simulations to analyze the nondimensional spreading rate α (change in radius with height) of buoyant thermals as they rise and entrain surrounding environmental fluid. A focus is on how α varies with initial thermal aspect ratio Ar, defined as height divided by width of the initial buoyancy perturbation. An analytic equation for thermal ascent rate wt that depends on α is derived from the thermal-volume-averaged momentum budget equation. The thermal top height when wt is maximum, defining a critical height zc, is inversely proportional to α. The height zc also corresponds to the thermal top height when buoyant fluid along the thermal’s vertical axis is fully replaced by entrained nonbuoyant environmental fluid rising from below the thermal. The time scale for this process is controlled by the vertical velocity of parcels rising upward through the thermal’s core. This parcel vertical velocity is approximated from Hill’s analytic spherical vortex, yielding an analytic inverse relation between α and Ar. Physically, this α–Ar relation is connected to changes in circulation as Ar is modified. Numerical simulations of thermals with Ar varied from 0.5 to 2 give α values close to the analytic theoretical relation, with a factor of ∼3 decrease in α as Ar is increased from 0.5 to 2. The theory also explains why α of initially spherical thermals from past laboratory and modeling studies is about 0.15. Overall, this study provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding the entrainment behavior of thermals, relevant to buoyantly driven atmospheric flows.

Significance Statement

Thermals, which are coherent, quasi-spherical regions of upward-moving buoyant fluid, are a key feature of many convective atmospheric flows. The purpose of this study is to characterize how thermals entrain surrounding fluid and spread out as they rise. We use theory and numerical modeling to explain why entrainment rate decreases with an increase in the initial thermal aspect ratio—the ratio of height to width. This work also explains why the nondimensional spreading rate (change in thermal radius with height) of initially spherical thermals from past laboratory and numerical modeling studies is about 0.15. Overall, this work provides a framework for conceptualizing the entrainment behavior of thermals and thus improved understanding of vertical transport in convective atmospheric flows.
Revisiting the Global Energy Budget Dynamics with a Multivariate Earth Energy Balance Model to Account for the Warming Pattern Effect
Authors: Meyssignac Benoit , Guillaume-Castel Robin , Roca Rémy
Published: September 2023

Climate feedbacks are sensitive to the geographical distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). This sensitivity, called the pattern effect, affects the amplitude of the Earth radiative response to anomalies in global mean surface temperature (GMST) and thus is essential in shaping the global energy budget dynamics. Zero-dimensional energy balance models (EBMs) are the simplest representation of the global energy budget dynamics. Many only depend on GMST anomalies and cannot account for the pattern effect explicitly. In EBMs, the pattern effect leads to apparent variations of the global climate feedback parameter λ. Assuming a variable λ in EBMs enables them to more accurately reproduce AOGCM simulations of the GMST anomalies but it leads to variations in λ of >+15%. These large variations mean λ is not a constant and the Taylor expansion underpinning EBMs’ formulation does not hold, casting doubts on the physical grounding of such EBMs. Here we propose a new EBM based on a multivariate linear Earth radiative response, which depends on both the GMST and the surface warming pattern. The resulting multilinear EBM accurately reproduces AOGCM simulations of anomalies in Earth radiative response and GMST under abrupt 4xCO2 forcing. When interpreted in terms of variable λ, the multivariate EBM leads to small variations in λ that are physically consistent with the underpinning Taylor expansion. We analyze with the multivariate framework the variations of the planetary heat uptake N as a function of the GMST and the pattern of warming through a 3D generalization of the Gregory plot. We show that the apparent nonlinear behavior of the radiative response of the Earth against GMST seen in classical monovariate EBMs (and in classical Gregory plots) can actually be explained by a bilinear dependance of the radiative response of the Earth on the GMST and the pattern of warming. The multivariate EBM further provides an explicit dependence of the global energy budget on the pattern of warming and on the climate state. It has important consequences on the expression of the climate sensitivity.
Integrative Individuation: An Alternative To The Separation-Individuation Model
Authors: Kanwal Gurmeet S.
Published: September 2023

An alternative to Mahler’s separation-individuation model of child development is presented to explain differences in the development and experience of a sense of self in Indian culture and other cultures where the Western sense of individual selfhood is not seen as the goal of maturity and adulthood. In the absence of such a formulation, called here integrative individuation, the familial and relational experience of people from non-Western cultures is often misunderstood and pathologized by clinicians. Features of this non-Western sense of self include looser boundaries, different relational priorities, and greater tolerance regarding personal space. Though these differences have been commented on by scholars, a detailed developmental model has not previously been formulated.
Disparities in Clinical Trial Enrollment and Reporting in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Demographic Comparison to the National Cancer Database
Authors: Sawaf Tuleen , Gudipudi Rachana , Ofshteyn Asya , Sarode Anuja L. , Bingmer Katherine , Bliggenstorfer Jonathan , Stein Sharon L. , Steinhagen Emily ,   on behalf of UH-RISES (University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes and Effectiveness Center)
Published: September 2023

Background

Cancer care guidelines based on clinical trial data in homogenous populations may not be applicable to all rectal cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients enrolled in rectal cancer clinical trials (CTs) are representative of United States (U.S.) rectal cancer patients.

Methods

Prospective rectal cancer CTs from 2010 to 2019 in the United States were systematically reviewed. In trials with multiple arms reporting separate demographic variables, each arm was considered a separate CT group in the analysis. Demographic variables considered in the analysis were age, sex, race/ethnicity, facility location throughout the United States, rural vs urban geography, and facility type. Participant demographics from trial and the National Cancer Database (NCDB) participants were compared using chi-squared goodness of fit and one-sample t-test where applicable.

Results

Of 50 CT groups identified, 42 (82%) studies reported mean or median age. Trial participants were younger compared to NCDB patients ( P < .001 all studies). All but three trials had fewer female patients than NCDB (48.2% female, P < .001). Less than half the CT groups reported on race or ethnicity. Eighteen out of 22 trials (82%) had a smaller percentage of Black patients and 4 out of 8 (50%) trials had fewer Hispanic or Spanish origin patients than the NCDB. No CTs reported comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, or education. CT primary sites were largely at academic centers and in urban areas.

Conclusion

The present study supports the need for improved demographic representation and transparency in rectal cancer clinical trials.
Comparative Evaluation of Intermountain Risk Score With Mehran Risk Score for Risk Estimation of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Short-Term Mortality in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Toprak Kenan , Kaplangoray Mustafa , Memioğlu Tolga , İnanır Mehmet , Ermiş Mehmet Fatih , Toprak İbrahim Halil , Acar Osman , Taşcanov Mustafa Begenç , Biçer Asuman , Demirbağ Recep
Published: September 2023

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has become one of the most important causes of in-hospital acute renal failure with the increasing use of contrast-mediated imaging tools. This significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of the affected subjects and causes a financial burden on the health system. In this context, prediction of CIN is important and some risk scores have been developed to predict CIN. The most frequently used and popular among these is the Mehran Score (MS), which is based on a number of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. The Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) is a recently developed risk score that highly predicts short-term mortality based on common laboratory parameters, and many parameters of this risk score have been found to be closely associated with CIN. In this context, we aimed to compare MS and IMRS in terms of CIN and short-term mortality estimation. The study included 931 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. CIN developed in 21.5% of patients. Both MS and IMRS independently predicted CIN. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, IMRS was found to be non-inferior to MS in predicting CIN and IMRS was superior to MS in predicting short-term mortality. IMRS and MS were independently associated with short-term mortality.
Success or Failure? Are We Meeting the Needs of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder?
Authors: Klein Erin S. , Licari Melissa , Barbic Skye , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: September 2023

Background. Current international clinical practice guidelines indicate that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) should receive therapy, yet school and community-based occupational therapy is not standard of care. Purpose. To understand parent perspectives on best practice for treatment and what supports and services are required to meet their children's needs. Method. An online cross-sectional survey (impACT for DCD) was distributed to parents of children <18 years with self-reported suspected or diagnosed DCD living in British Columbia. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and contingency analyses to explore whether access to therapy differed with income, age of child, or geographical location. Open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. Findings. Of the 237 respondents, 194 children had suspected/confirmed DCD; however, only 20% (38/198) of the children had received therapy at school. Some parents (32/58) pursued private therapy. Geographic location and income had no relationship with therapy access ( p > 0.05). Parents expressed frustration with poor awareness and understanding of the impact of DCD among educators, health-care professionals, and community members, and identified the need for funded and accessible school and community services and supports. Conclusion. Evidenced-based occupational therapy intervention should be standard of care for children with DCD as per clinical guidelines and parent-identified need.
Book review: Manan Dwivedi, India’s Foreign Policy: Narendra Modi and the Indic Perspective of International Relations
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek
Published: September 2023

Manan Dwivedi, India’s Foreign Policy: Narendra Modi and the Indic Perspective of International Relations. Ane Books, 2022.
Collective bargaining in the Australian public service: From New Public Management to public value
Authors: Williamson Sue , Roles Cameron
Published: September 2023

In 2022, Australia's Labor Opposition pledged to reintroduce collective bargaining covering the whole Australian public service (APS) if elected. The elected Labor government is now implementing this ground-breaking reform. The APS has, since 1997, bargained at the agency level with no mandated common terms and conditions of employment applying across the service. This has led to pay dispersion and inequity, and fragmentation of the terms and conditions of employment. The current negotiations aim to rectify this situation. We argue that these reforms represent an ideological shift and a repudiation of New Public Management (NPM) towards a public value approach, which also incorporates being a model employer. We consider whether this refocusing will overcome the problems inherent in the system of bargaining practised under an NPM framework. We examine some of the most important items being negotiated at the time of writing, namely, wages, job security, flexible working, paid parental leave and paid family and domestic violence leave. We conclude that the new approach will overcome the legacy of the previous bargaining system to benefit individuals and the APS as a whole. We further conclude that this public value approach substantially fulfils the government's ideal of becoming a model employer.
Initial Development of a Second Language Discussion Task-Specific Self-Efficacy Instrument: An Illustration for Frontline Researchers
Authors: Vitta Joseph P , Leeming Paul , McLean Stuart , Nicklin Christopher
Published: September 2023

Self-efficacy has emerged as a popular construct in second language research, especially in the frontline and practitioner-researcher spaces. A troubling trend in the relevant literature is that self-efficacy is often measured in a general or global manner. Such research ignores the fact that self-efficacy is a smaller context-driven construct that should be measured within a specific task or activity where time, place, and purpose domains are considered in the creation of the measurement. Task-based language teaching researchers have also largely neglected the affective factors that may influence task participation, including self-efficacy, despite its potential application to understanding task performance. In this report, we present an instrument specifically developed to measure English as a foreign language students’ self-efficacy beliefs when performing a dialogic, synchronous, quasi-formal group discussion task. The instrument's underlying psychometric properties were assessed ( N = 130; multisite sample from Japanese universities) and evidence suggested that it could measure a unidimensional construct with high reliability. The aggregate scale constructed from the instrument's items also displayed a central tendency and normal unimodal distribution. This was a positive finding and suggested that the instrument could be useful in producing a self-efficacy measurement for use in the testing designs preferred by second language researchers. The potential applications of this instrument are discussed while highlighting how this report acts as an illustration for investigators to use when researching self-efficacy.
What motivates South African students to attend university? A cross-sectional study on motivational orientation
Authors: Jackson Kyle , Faroa Brendon Duran , Augustyn Nicolaas Adriaan , Padmanabhanunni Anita
Published: September 2023

Students’ reasons for attending university are likely to impact their participation, academic engagement, and learning outcomes. This study aims to investigate undergraduate students’ motivations for attending a South African university and its association with specific socio-demographic factors. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were undergraduate students ( N = 220) who completed a socio-demographic survey and the Student Motivations for Attending University Questionnaire-Revised scale. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and analysis of variance were used to determine associations between the study variables. The reasons for attending university were significantly related to racial identity, student generational status, parental educational status, and family characteristics. Students in their first and second years of study were motivated to attend university to prove their self-worth. Students who identified as Black as well as those coming from a single- or double-parent household and students whose parents had a school-level education were more likely to attend university to help their families. The findings suggest that students are motivated beyond the immediate benefits of employment and personal earnings and that the upliftment of their families is a central reason for attending university. For universities striving to connect with their students, understanding students’ motivational orientation can inform intervention efforts aimed at enhancing retention and throughput.
Long-term housing recovery among Mexican immigrants: How service providers navigate racialized anti-immigrant disaster recovery policies
Authors: Villarreal Melissa
Published: September 2023

Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity. Much of the current disaster literature adopts a social vulnerability perspective, which considers how political, social, and economic factors influence pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster recovery. Even with this focus, however, there remains a dearth of literature on immigrant populations and their long-term recovery trajectories. This paper applies a racial formation framework to a disaster context. I seek to show how service providers from community-based organizations (CBOs) navigate racialized anti-immigrant disaster recovery policies to help the Mexican immigrant community in Houston, Texas with their long-term housing recovery after Hurricane Harvey. I conducted semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations with service providers from CBOs located in Houston that serve this population with post-disaster housing. I argue that the disaster recovery system is comprised of racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies, passively and actively limiting the access to resources for the Mexican immigrant community. I found that to challenge the racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies of the disaster recovery system, service providers assist the community through direct assistance to Mexican immigrants excluded from other programs; collaboration with other organizations to combine limited resources; helping the community navigate racialized anti-immigrant bureaucracy; and building trust by embedding themselves in the victimized community. However, findings also show that these organizations face significant challenges in conducting their work. This research brings a much-needed theoretical expansion of race and racialization theories to disaster research.
Designing a federal portfolio approach for understanding complex climate events: Disruption, resilience, and recovery among small- and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Zycherman Ariela , Helgeson Jennifer F
Published: September 2023

At the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate and Adaptation Partnerships (CAP) Program and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Community Resilience Program (CRP) collaborate on a portfolio of research projects, across national and regional scales that explore small- and medium-sized business (SMB) disruption and resilience to complex climate events. Some of the most significant costs associated with the impact of weather and climate disasters stem from disruptions experienced by SMBs, but the full extent of immediate and downstream impacts on communities can only be fully understood over time. The NOAA-NIST portfolio of projects uses social science framing to bridge federal research priorities that typically orient around specific hazards and risks, with sector-specific (i.e. SMBs) climate change resilience needs. This approach lends itself to a deeper understanding of complex climate events by focusing on cascading and compound events, including both acute and chronic exposures, as well as the broader social structures that formulate a variety of socio-economic stressors and that can exacerbate both vulnerability to impacts and recovery potential over time. In this commentary, we describe the development of the research portfolio and highlight the importance of the complex event framework and cross-agency cooperation in the federal approach to understanding and addressing climate change. This approach moves beyond considerations relevant to discrete risk types or events, to uncover the social and sectoral spaces in which conditions for impacts and recovery are formed and realized across multiple geographies and over time. Understanding the formulation of complex events, and in this demonstrative case how SMB operators across communities learn about and implement resilience measures, is key for effective and equitable climate services and building community resilience.
Open and shut: Identifying activity patterns by volunteer organizations active in disaster using space-time permutation scan statistics
Authors: Ifediora Byron , Cutts Bethany B.
Published: September 2023

After a catastrophic flood, the pace of residential cleanup is an important precondition of community resilience. When the process is fast, cleanup reduces additional health or economic risks by preventing structural or electrical damage from escalating. Mobilizing volunteers to complete cleanup work quickly is a challenge that the U.S. Natural Disaster Recovery Framework has assigned to the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit coordination networks—such as those convened through volunteer organizations active in disaster (VOAD) in the United States—aim to create systems of communication that improve the efficiency and equity of post-disaster cleanup. However, the process of coordination and the conditions that encourage quick action remain understudied. The aim of this paper is to identify the impacts of network coordination on the timeline of post-disaster cleanup using geospatial analytics. To do this, we apply a space-time permutation scan statistic (STPSS) to data on the speed at which organizations from the North Carolina VOAD (NC VOAD) closed requests for volunteer assistance following Hurricane Florence in 2018. STPSS results identify clusters of requests that were filled at different speeds through space and time. In total, we identified six space-time clusters indicative of coordinated cleanup. Exploration of clustered data helps to generate new questions about why coordination sometimes happened months after the disaster and suggests ways to use data exploration to inform network function and to leverage the unique capacities of individual nonprofits while also prioritizing housing resilience in socially vulnerable communities.
Cybersecurity research from a management perspective: A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Lohrke Franz T. , Frownfelter-Lohrke Cynthia
Published: September 2023

Firms continue to face increasing threats of financial and reputational damage from cybersecurity events. Despite increasing scholarly attention, our 25-year review of studies published in leading academic business journals demonstrates that extant research has generally examined antecedents (e.g., technological defenses), with more limited research focusing on managerial responses to or long-term performance outcomes from these events. Accordingly, we chronicle the current state of knowledge of these threats from a management (rather than from an information systems) perspective. We then highlight important future research opportunities for management scholars interested in developing or testing theory related to critical cybersecurity issues.
Determinants of Adult Education and Training Participation in the United States: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jang Chang Sung , Choi Junghwa , Maulik Romit , Lim Doo Hun
Published: September 2023

In response to recent shifts in the global economy, there has been a growing academic interest in adult education and training (AET), enabling adults to meet the ever-changing demands of the workforce. However, empirical findings offer nuanced evidence on the most influential factors among various aspects. This study aims to reexamine the previously highlighted determinants of job-related AET participation using the random forest classifiers technique. The data is drawn from the 2017 U.S. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, where we selected 1,334 respondents with work experience in the last 12 months. Our findings suggest that age and skills use at work were found to be the most important factors for formal AET, whereas skills use at work and organization size were the most significant factors for nonformal AET. Our results emphasize the critical role of skills utilization and organizational support in working adults’ participation in AET.
Analytical Review of Unplanned Extubation in Intensive Care Units and Recommendation on Multidisciplinary Preventive Approaches
Authors: Anis Antonious , Patel Ravi , Tanios Maged A
Published: September 2023

Unplanned extubations (UE) frequently occur in critical care units. These events are precipitated by many risk factors and are associated with adverse outcomes for patients. We reviewed the current literature to examine factors related to UE and presented the analysis of 41 articles critical to the topic. Our review has identified specific risk factors that we discuss in this review, such as sedation strategies, physical restraints, endotracheal tube position, and specific nursing care aspects associated with an increased incidence of UE. We recommend interventions to reduce the risk of UE. However, we recommend that bundled rather than a single intervention is likely to yield higher success, given the heterogeneity of factors contributing to increasing the risk of UE.
“You Have to Take Care of Your Own Mental Status”: Incarcerated Women Seeking Care Within and Beyond Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Fedock Gina L. , Shankar Sheila , Doria Celina , Malcome Marion
Published: September 2023

Incarcerated women in the United States commonly experience prison-based mental health treatment. Feminist scholars stress the need to explore how incarcerated women exercise agency while navigating controlling treatment dynamics and how they experience these dynamics in relation to aspects of their selves (e.g., their thoughts and feelings). To explore these dynamics, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 42 incarcerated women in a Midwestern state prison and with life history calendars, elucidated women's treatment encounters over time. Through analysis of these interviews, we contend that women experienced dehumanizing dynamics within treatment, particularly curtailed communication from the staff that silenced women, created unfamiliar selves, and contributed to physical harm and psychological harm. Based on these findings, we conceptualize prison-based mental health treatment as health harm rather than health care. We also found that women responded to controlling dynamics with forms of self-preservation including strategies of treatment decision-making that affirmed their selves, active treatment refusal as self-protection, and forming meaningful connections with others that validated aspects of their selves. Based on women's care-based strategies, further feminist theorizing and practice directions are needed that align with, build upon, and are guided by incarcerated women's varied definitions of care to improve their mental health and well-being.
“It was Like a Volcano Erupted”: Community-Based Advocates’ Observations of Intimate Partner Violence and Intimate Femicide in Alabama During COVID-19
Authors: Sutton Amber
Published: September 2023

This study examines how community-based advocates describe their observations of women in Alabama experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during COVID-19 and the impacts on their roles as service providers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants from six agencies covering 22 counties in Alabama, to investigate contributing factors of IPV during the initial phases of the coronavirus pandemic and to share their experiences in providing services to survivors during this historic time. Along with existing barriers, COVID-19 introduced new and exacerbating factors for women experiencing violence and for those attempting to provide services. Advocates observed that pandemic-influenced circumstances such as confinement, isolation, and economic instability exacerbated certain types of violence and that Black women, immigrant women, and women in rural areas faced heightened barriers. Advocates also revealed a relationship between these heightened barriers brought on by COVID-19 and their own experiences of isolation, grief, and a yearning for connection. These findings reveal the pertinent needs of survivors and advocates as we move through, forward, and beyond this global pandemic.
Pandemic Footprints of Nursing Professionals: Processing Early Experiences
Authors: Groller Karen D. , Adamshick Pamela Z. , Hoffman Lorraine M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study interpreted journaled experiences of registered nurses (RNs) who were working at the bedside early in the pandemic as they were simultaneously enrolled in a baccalaureate (RN-BSN) completion program. Design: This qualitative interpretive descriptive study used purposive sampling. Methods: Eighteen students participated in the journal assignment. Fifteen students consented to participate in journal analyses. Journals were de-identified and a code book was used to document the entirety of journal reflections to identify meaningful text, and, ultimately, assert thematic codes. Thorne's interpretive description guided analysis. Researchers coded four journals together to obtain trustworthiness and rigor. Each doctorally prepared researcher independently coded a subset of the remaining journals. Emerging significant statements and subthemes were discussed and verified as a team. Results: Researchers identified the essence of pandemic footprints as the following themes emerged: Physical Threats to Safety, Emotional Threats to Safety, Workplace Culture, Healing Energies, and Professional Identity. Conclusions: Compared to previously published research conducted at later points of the pandemic this study is unique. Study data captured nurses’ expressed voices through journaling at the brink (March 2020) of what became a global reality. Results illuminated dichotomies that existed then, particularly in response to their own and others’ safety and security, leaving profound imprints on their identities extending beyond care environments.
Comprehensive Social Trait Judgments From Faces in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cao Runnan , Zhang Na , Yu Hongbo , Webster Paula J. , Paul Lynn K. , Li Xin , Lin Chujun , Wang Shuo
Published: September 2023

Processing social information from faces is difficult for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether individuals with ASD make high-level social trait judgments from faces in the same way as neurotypical individuals. Here, we comprehensively addressed this question using naturalistic face images and representatively sampled traits. Despite similar underlying dimensional structures across traits, online adult participants with self-reported ASD showed different judgments and reduced specificity within each trait compared with neurotypical individuals. Deep neural networks revealed that these group differences were driven by specific types of faces and differential utilization of features within a face. Our results were replicated in well-characterized in-lab participants and partially generalized to more controlled face images (a preregistered study). By investigating social trait judgments in a broader population, including individuals with neurodevelopmental variations, we found important theoretical implications for the fundamental dimensions, variations, and potential behavioral consequences of social cognition.
Performance of the autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variables statistical model on the intraday market for the Denmark-West bidding area
Authors: Lucic Marko , Xydis George
Published: September 2023

This article aims to investigate whether a statistical model known as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables can aid better predictability of volume-weighted average electricity prices compared to a commonly used forecasting method. This analysis was conducted for a specific bidding area, the Denmark-West bidding area (DK1). Autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variable's performance was tested on the DK1 intraday market over a two-year period starting from 1 January 2019 until 31 December 2020. An explanatory variable used to support better the accuracy of the forecast is the day-ahead price for a corresponding intraday delivery hour. To ensure the validity of the paper, a well-known forecasting methodology was applied, and the results of the analysis show superior performance over the benchmark forecasting method. The autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variables model developed was found to significantly outperform other commonly used forecasting methods, with an average mean absolute percentage error of 1.5%. The model was able to accurately predict intraday volume-weighted average prices up to 24 h in advance, using only publicly available data on day-ahead prices and historical intraday prices. Energy traders and other market players may find the developed autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variables model to be a useful resource when looking to make more informed decisions in the intraday market.