bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hidden Markov optimization model for processing and recognition of English speech feature signals
Authors: Chen Yinchun
Published: June 2022

Speech recognition plays an important role in human–computer interaction. The higher the accuracy and efficiency of speech recognition are, the larger the improvement of human–computer interaction performance. This article briefly introduced the hidden Markov model (HMM)-based English speech recognition algorithm and combined it with a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to further improve the recognition accuracy and reduce the recognition time of English speech. Then, the BPNN-combined HMM algorithm was simulated and compared with the HMM algorithm and the BPNN algorithm. The results showed that increasing the number of test samples increased the word error rate and recognition time of the three speech recognition algorithms, among which the word error rate and recognition time of the BPNN-combined HMM algorithm were the lowest. In conclusion, the BPNN-combined HMM can effectively recognize English speeches, which provides a valid reference for intelligent recognition of English speeches by computers.
Effects of Olanazapine and Haloperidol on Serum Malondialdehyde, Prolactin Level, Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Dizaye Kawa , Hassan Muhammad , Ali Sirwan
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: The association of the atypical antipsychotics with hypergly-cemia, elevated lipids, and weight gain was recognized soon after the introduction of clozapine and has become of increased concern as the use and uses of atypical antipsy-chotics have been expanded. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preva-lence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, lipid peroxidation and hyperprolactinemia in Olanzepine treated patients in comparison with patients treated with haloperidol. Methods: Fifty patients were selected randomly from psychiatric inpatient clinic in Erbil city in Iraqi Kurdistan Region between November 2007 and June 2008. All patients were diagnosed as schizophrenia, and none of them were in acute severe state. Thirty Schizophrenic patients received Haloperidol orally as typical antipsychotic and 20 patients received Olanazapine orally as atypical antipsychotic for a minimum of one month. Fasting blood samples for the assessment of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and prolactin levels were obtained after one month of the drug prescribing time. From those fifty patients, 16 patients were selected to follow them prospectively over a mean period of time of 112 days for olanzapine and 75 days for haloperidol. The prospective study includes FBG, lipid profile, BMI and serum MDA. Results: The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia and lipid peroxidation was higher in Haloperidol treated patients. Whereas, the prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidaemia were higher in Olanazapine treated patients, The mean level of BMI of the Olanazapine group was significantly higher than BMI of the Haloperidol group. There was 6.66 % prevalence of DM in Olanazapine treated patients, but there was no prevalence of DM in Haloperidol treated patients. There was no incidence of diabetes mellitus in the prospective study for both Haloperidol and Olanazapine treated patients. Conclusion: No absolute evidence indicates that the atypical antipsychotic Olanazapine is the cause of diabetes, since the glucose levels of all patients were within normal range and there was no incidence of diabetes in the prospective study in spite of their higher weight and body mass index.
Pattern of Contraception use among Women attending Family Planning Centers in Erbil City
Authors: Zangana Jwan
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Family planning program is one of the successful maternal and child health programs. This study aimed to find out the percentage of usage of dif-ferent types of contraceptive methods among women attending family planning centers to know the most preferable method among them . Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out on 400 women attending family plan-ning unit (FPU) in Erbil city ( from 1st of July 2008 to the 30th of September 2008. The variables included were, age, occupation , address, educational state, religion, socio-economic state, different contraceptive methods; Combined oral pill (COCP), intrauterine contraceptive device( IUCD), Depo-Provera injection, condom, the reason for choosing such methods, the different complications with uses of these methods, the number of live children. Results: Among 400 women who attended ( FPU) 269( 67.25%) of them were at age (21-34), most of them prefer the use IUCD, condom, CCP, and lastly injection in a rate of : (36.55%),( 29.25%), (27.25%) and 2.5% respectively,( 53.75%) of cases significantly have complications with contraceptive uses specially IUCD (71.95%) , the most common complication associated with different contraceptive use was infection, then abnormal vaginal bleeding in a rate (46.04%),and (29.76%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that majority of women who attend Family plan-ning units prefer to use IUCD, then condom, COCP, and lastly depo-provera injection, Most of study sample were exposed to infection, which indicated the need to promote health education in FP center through meeting session with them regularly.
Myringoplasty [Risk factors and the effect of post operative follow up on the outcome of success rate in Erbil / Kurdistan of Iraq]
Authors: Al-Jaaf Said , Mustafa Shem Arsalan , Dabbagh Lana
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: The presence of a perforated tympanic membrane with intermittent discharge and hearing loss of conductive type are the indication for myringoplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors in candidates for myringoplasty and to evaluate the post operative myringoplasty success rate results in our local region in Erbil/Kurdistan, Iraq. The second objective is to appraise and assess the effect of close observation and post operative treatment and follow up on this result, to increase the success rate. Methods: A prospective study, randomly taken 68 patients with unilateral perforated tympanic membrane, who are candidates for myringoplasty; patients of different age groups ranging [16 -55] years old, of different gender 30 males and 38 females., having dry unilateral perforated tympanic membrane of more than 3 months, underwent myringoplasty [underlay] between may 2006 and April 2009 at Rizgary teaching Hospital. Measurement of the post operative results and outcome were depend on the take rate and the hearing level at the last follow up visit in different time postoperatively and with dry clean non infected operated ear. Results: Small, dry posterior perforation, with postauricular approach in well pneumatized mastoid and in well educated non-smoker patient with close observation post-operatively using BIPP has better success rate. The success rate increased from 72% in the 1st postoperative visit to 88% in the last postoperative visit. Conclusion:-To increase the success rate, its necessary to determine the factors that affect the success rate preoperatively, also close observation with meticulous toilet of the operated ear post-operatively using BIPP is necessary to increase the success rate.
The effect of regular exercise on blood pressure, serum glucose and lipid profile in females attending fitness centers
Authors: Ali Suzan
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Previous reports have shown that moderate-intensity regular exercise reduces blood pressure, also has beneficial effects on other biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of regular exercise on blood pressure and lipid profile in overweight or obese women. Methods: Thirty five apparently healthy women participated in this study. Their age ranged from 22-46 years, most of them were overweight and obese. The exercise group met a Treadmill training program 2 km in half hour in J&K and Raeky fitness centers in Erbil city. The training group exercised at least three times per week. Blood pressure, heart rate, serum glucose and lipid profiles were monitored throughout 4 weeks of regular exercise. Results: Regular exercise produced significant reductions in both blood pressure and heart rate (Systolic BP decreased from 123.57±3.76 to 113.93±3.52 mmHg, Diastolic BP decreased from 81.07±9.8 to 73.57±2.59mmHg). Highly significant reductions in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were observed, whereas no significant changes were detected in serum glucose, triglycerides and High density lipoprotein levels. Conclusion: These data suggest that 4 weeks of regular exercise training in normal persons can result in significant reduction in blood pressure accompanied by favorable changes in lipid profile.
Risk Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency Among Children Admitted to Paediatric Emergency Unit in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Rasheed Nazdar
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent and common micronutrient deficiency in the developing world today. The aim is to determine the iron status among 1-5 years old children admitted to emergency department for different reasons and to determine the risk factors associated with iron deficiency in these children. Methods: a cross sectional study was carried out on a total of 106 children aged 1-5 years attended the emergency department of Raparin teaching hospital for children in Erbil from 16th of May to 16th of August 2007 were invited to participate in the study, parent were interviewed for potential risk factors of iron deficiency, blood were taken for analysis of hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation after a verbal consent. Iron deficiency was defined as serum iron <50 microgram/dl and/or transferrin saturation (TS)<16%. Results: iron deficiency was noted in 51.9% and 48.1% according to serum iron and transferrin saturation respectively. Male have more risk to have lower TS<16% as compared with female ( OR 0.400, 95% CI 0.182-0.879). Age and tea ingestion were significant independent predictor of iron deficiency, family income associated significantly with low serum iron while pica, frequency of meat ingestion, number of sibling and weight percentile have non significant relation with neither low serum iron nor low transferrin saturation Conclusion: iron deficiency is important health problem in this population of children, prevalence of iron deficiency found in 1-2 year age group in this study was alarming, this suggest the need for greater efforts of prevention.
Community and Hospital Acquired Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Erbil City
Authors: Taha Aza , Al-Salihi Sabria
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in both community and hospitals, and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates with rapid development of resistance. The methicillin-resistance occurs due to the presence of PBP2a of the bacterial cell wall, which has low affinity for β-lactam antibiotics. MRSA are often multi-resistant to both β-lactams and non-β-lactams antibiotics. The study was documented the occurrence of community and hospital acquired MRSA infections. Methods: The clinical specimens were collected from patients at three teaching hospitals in Erbil city. All Staphylococcus aureus were identified as MRSA by detection of PBP2a. Results: Out of 377 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, 30.24% were MRSA. The wound was the most common infection site for both community and hospital acquired MRSA. Statistically the patients with hospital acquired MRSA were older than the community acquired MRSA. Conclusion: MRSA is one of the most common causes of serious infection in community and hospital settings. The most common site infected by MRSA is the surgical wound infection.
Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: Interesting Case and Review
Authors: Janette Salgado-Pastor Selene , Ramírez-Arias Erick , Jesús Martínez-Jaimes Tomás de , Argüelles-Reynoso José Luis , Trujillo-Virgen Erick B. , Martínez-Ramírez Leonel , Peña Joel Álvarez , Ángel Uitz-Novelo Juan Miguel , Rojas-Jácome Nelly , Salgado-Vázquez Jaime , Riera-Kinkel Carlos , Rosas-Peralta Martin , Borrayo-Sánchez Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Man of 72 years old, smoking, who presented acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) localized in anterior wall (Figure 1) and included into the code infarction protocol at emergency room of cardiology hospital in Mexico City-IMSS. The patient was successful re-perfused by percutaneous coronary intervention of left anterior descending artery, documenting several other non-critical coronary artery disease. During its evolution in the first twelve hours, it was identified an apical ventricular septal rupture documented by echocardiogram. (Figure 2) Medical management was implemented. After stabilization patient ask voluntary discharge of hospital, 10 days later he come back due to severe heart failure. He was stabilized again and submitted to surgical reparation (Figure 3 and Figure 4) later and his heart failure was successfully resolved (Figure 4) and he was discharged in an excellent condition. We present a case and review of the literature as well as the position of management of this group of patients in the Hospital’s cardiology of the National Medical Center SXXI, IMSS-México, since it is currently still controversy.
Interval Surgery for Unstable Traumatic Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Anwer Mohammad , Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Brown Kelly , Mori Makoto , Ali Ayyaz
Published: June 2022

Blunt or penetrating thoracic wall trauma can lead to formation of a traumatic ventricular septal defect. This is a serious cardiac complication that can have dire hemodynamic consequences in a setting of ongoing hemorrhage. This demands urgent surgical repair to cease further deterioration. We describe a patient with traumatic VSD who underwent successful interval repair after management of acute abdomen and stabilization of hemodynamics using vasopressors and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP). Keywords: Traumatic VSD; patch repair; left ventricle
Lower Mini-Sternotomy: a New Approach for Minimally Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Chances and Limitations of a New Technology
Authors: Martinovic Ivo , Martinovic Lucija , Vcev Aleksandar , Malenica Luka , Wittlinger Thomas
Published: June 2022

Background The rate of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) procedures decreased generally over the past years while the relative number of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) procedures remained stable. OPCAB can be performed in different ways also using a minimally invasive direct approach (MIDCAB). This technique consists usually of the approach through the Left Anterior Small Thoracotomy (LAST) and is in principle limited for single LAD revascularization only. Lower Mini-Sternotomy (LOMS) is an optimization of the minimal-invasive approach permitting the harvest of both internal thoracic arteries (ITA) as well as excellent exposure and immobilization of the left and right coronary arteries. Methods Between January 2016 and June 2017 LOMS was performed in 31 patients to achieve access to the left and right internal thoracic arteries and to reach the left anterior descending coronary artery, diagonal branches, and right coronary artery for off-pump, all-arterial, aortic no-touch revascularization. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed on a daily basis for 7 days and patients were followed prospectively after operation at our outpatient clinic on a monthly basis in order to assess the incidence of complications. Results The mean operative time was 163 ± 49 minutes (range 119 to 260 minutes). The mean length of the skin incision was 7.4 ± 1.3 cm (range 6 to 11 cm). Neither hemodynamic changes nor transient S-T segment changes on the ECG occurred during the operation. In most patients, recovery was rapid and uneventful. No hospital death or morbidity was observed. No blood transfusion was required perioperatively. There were no perioperative neurological cognitive dysfunction events. Maximal pain levels were registered on postoperative day 2 or 3, and pain had abated in most patients on day 5. At follow-up, all patients were in New York Heart Association class I. Conclusions Despite more demanding surgical technique than with full-sternotomy OPCAB, our experience demonstrates that the LOMS for MIDCAB is a technically feasible procedure for myocardial revascularization. Not only the LAD and its branches but also the RCA and can be used safely with very good procedural outcomes.
Amino Acids Extract from Black Bean Seeds (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)Inhibit Hemoglobin Polymerizationand Modulate Erythrocyte Membrane Atpases In Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Authors: TN Talla , TC Kotue , P Jayamurthy , AC Pieme , G Kansci , E Fokou
Published: June 2022

Back ground: The basic extracts involved in the formulation of functional foods/nutraceutics must first be the subject of preclinical and clinical trials. The several studies were shown that amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolitic properties. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocytes membrane ATPases activities in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the amino acids extract to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbSS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Result: The lowest potential of inhibition was obtained (39.98±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (71.16±2%). The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (3.94±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the best rates increase of oxy-hemoglobin (48.73±2%). The red blood cells membranes ATPase activity were estimated and expressed as μmol of Pi/mg of protein/hour x 10-3 there was an increase in the activities of Na+/ K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (255.98±62 and 282.98±36 respectively) at the concentration of 12 mg/mL of extract compared to the negative control (167.36±60 and 236.91±62 respectively). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there is rather a significant reduction (p<0.05) in this activity (286.71±51 against 146.53±35) obtained in the presence of the amino acid extract at 12 mg/mL). Conclusion: The amino acids extract of black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at a concentration of 12 mg/mL offered the best inhibition potentials of hemoglobin S polymerization, increase rates of oxyhemoglobin and the best ATPasic activities. Keywords: Amino acid extracts; black bean seeds; sickle cell disease; polymerization; Fe2+/Fe3 + ratio; ATPase activities
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Food Safety & Hygiene among the Students of a Private University of Delhi, NCR
Authors: Malhotra Neha , Shankar Rajashree , Pal Akanksha , Ahmed Sana , Taneja Neha , Anant Awasth Aanchal , Janardhanan Rajiv
Published: June 2022

Background: In India, food safety and hygiene are a growing concern with emerging incidents of food contaminants which if remains unnoticed can lead to various health hazards, illness, outbreaks and even death. Objective: To study knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards food safety and hygiene among students of a private university of Delhi, NCR. Method: A Cross-Sectional study design using self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire containing a total of 40 questions was conducted among 500 private university students in Delhi, NCR. Information was collected from various disciplines through self-administered survey forms. For assessing the knowledge, a score of 1 and 0 was given to every correct and incorrect answers respectively. For assessing Attitude and Practice each correct response was awarded a score of 2, for neutral response a score of 1 and for incorrect response a score of 0 was awarded. Quartiles were generated for each component. Based on quartiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were divided into adequate and inadequate. Result: The study participants included 31.6% males and 68.4% females. 29% participants belonged to postgraduate course and 71.1% from undergraduate course. Regarding food safety & hygiene, 74.8% participants had adequate knowledge, 53% had adequate attitude and 46% had adequate practice. Conclusion: Continuous education is necessary to increase the awareness among young adults in the near future; they will be the ones directly handling food and play an important role to help maintain a hygienic and clean environment. Keywords: Food safety; Food hygiene; Food Borne Disease; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice
Vasorelaxant Effects of Coriandrum SativumL. Extract on Rat Isolated Aorta
Authors: Iizuka Toru , Ogata Rina , Yu Jing , Watanabe Yasuo
Published: June 2022

Aim: Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant belonging to the family Umbelliferae, which distributed in Central and Western Europe, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, and other Asian regions. Besides being edible, coriander is an important traditional medicine in India and China, and is used to treat circulatory disorders, such as respiratory, urinary tract, and skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of extracts from coriander and further studied to clarify their action mechanisms. Method: The aerial part of coriander, which analyzed the rutin content as its quality evaluand using a chromatographic method (HPLC), was cut and extracted with ethyl acetate or hot water. The extracts were concentrated under the reduced pressure. Vasorelaxant effects of these extracts were assessed on rat isolated aorta. The aorta was placed in a well-oxygenated bath of modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and the mechanical tension was measured isometrically. Results: These extracts showed vasorelaxant effects on aorta precontracted with 3×10-7 M norepinephrine (NE). The ethyl acetate extract showed biphasic vasorelaxation (fast and slowly developing relaxations) on isolated rat aortic rings with endothelium. Fast relaxation disappeared in deendothelialized or pre-administration of 10-4 M L-NG-monomethylarginine. Furthermore, the hot water extract showed only slowly developing relaxations independent in endothelium. After treatment with the hot water extract, NE-induced phasic vasoconstriction was not inhibited. While the hot water extract inhibited vasoconstrictions induced by a high concentration (60 mM) of K+ and also showed inhibitory effect on NE-induced vasoconstriction in the presence of nicardipine. Conclusion: These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of ethyl acetate extract of coriander on NE-induced vasoconstriction may be attributed to Nitric Oxide (NO) releasing dependent on endothelium. And the hot water extract of coriander showed vasorelaxant activities attributed to blocking of Ca2+ influx via voltage-depended Ca2+ channels (VDCs) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs), but not competing for the adrenergic receptor. Keywords: Coriandrum sativum; quality evaluation; vasorelaxant effects; aorta; endothelium; Ca2+ channel
Ovarian Hormones Regulate Nicotine Consumption and Accumbens Glutamatergic Plasticity in Female Rats
Authors: Maher Erin E. , Kipp Zachary A. , Leyrer-Jackson Jonna M. , Khatri Shailesh , Bondy Emma , Martinez Genesee J. , Beckmann Joshua S. , Hinds Terry D. , Bimonte-Nelson Heather A. , Gipson Cassandra D.
Published: June 2022

Women report greater cigarette cravings during the menstrual cycle phase with higher circulating levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), which is metabolized to estrone (E1). Both E2 and E1 bind to estrogen receptors (ERs), which have been highly studied in the breast, uterus, and ovary. Recent studies have found that ERs are also located on GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). Glutamatergic plasticity in NAcore MSNs is altered following nicotine use; however, it is unknown whether estrogens impact this neurobiological consequence. To test the effect of estrogen on nicotine use, we ovariectomized (OVX) female rats that then underwent nicotine self-administration acquisition and compared them to ovary-intact (sham) rats. The OVX animals then received either sesame oil (vehicle), E2, or E1+E2 supplementation for 4 or 20 d before nicotine sessions. While both ovary-intact and OVX females readily discriminated levers, OVX females consumed less nicotine than sham females. Further, neither E2 nor E1+E2 increased nicotine consumption back to sham levels following OVX, regardless of the duration of the treatment. OVX also rendered NAcore MSNs in a potentiated state following nicotine self-administration, which was reversed by 4 d of systemic E2 treatment. Finally, we found that E2 and E1+E2 increased ERα mRNA in the NAcore, but nicotine suppressed this regardless of hormone treatment. Together, these results show that estrogens regulate nicotine neurobiology, but additional factors may be required to restore nicotine consumption to ovary-intact levels.
ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Our experience with the management of patients with non-metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Terzolo Massimo , Fassnacht Martin
Published: June 2022

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) accounts for a minority of all malignant tumors in adults. Surgery remains the most important therapeutic option for non-metastatic ACC. Whether a subset of patients with small ACC may benefit from minimally invasive surgery remains a debated issue, but we believe that surgeon’s expertise is more important than surgical technique to determine outcome. However, even a state-of-the-art surgery cannot prevent disease recurrence that is determined mainly by specific tumor characteristics. We consider that the concomitant presence of the following features characterizes a cohort of patients at low risk of recurrence, (i) R0 resection (microscopically free margin), (ii) localized disease (stage I-II ACC), and (iii) low-grade tumor (ki-67 <10%). After the ADIUVO study, we do not recommend adjuvant mitotane as a routine measure for such patients, who can be managed with active surveillance thus sparing a toxic treatment. Patients at average risk of recurrence should be treated with adjuvant mitotane. For patients at very high risk of recurrence, defined as the presence of at least one of the following: Ki67 >30%, large venous tumor thrombus, R1 resection or stage IV ACC, we increasingly recommend to combine mitotane with four cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. However, patients at moderate-to-high risk of recurrence should be ideally enrolled in the ongoing ADIUVO2 trial. We do not use adjuvant radiotherapy of the tumor bed frequently at our institutions, and we select patients with incomplete resection, either microscopically or macroscopically, for this treatment. In the long-term, prospective multicenter trials are required to improve patient care.
The role of activated monocyte IFN/SIGLEC1 signalling in Graves’ disease
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Jin Zhou , Sun Jiajun , Chen Xinxin , Xie Pu , Zhou Yulin , Wang Shu
Published: June 2022

Graves’ disease (GD) is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system with aberrant immune cell function. However, there have been few previous studies on the role of monocytes in the pathology of GD. The object of this study was to investigate whether and how monocytes participate in GD pathology. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from untreated initial GD patients and healthy controls. Then, RNA-seq was performed to investigate changes in global mRNA expression in monocytes and found that type I interferon (IFN) signalling was among the top upregulated signalling pathways in GD monocytes. Type I IFN-induced sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin1 (SIGLEC1) expression was significantly upregulated in untreated GD patients and correlated with thyroid parameters. Patient serum SIGLEC1 concentrations were reduced after anti-thyroid drug treatment. Inhibiting SIGLEC1 expression could inhibit proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and M-CSF) expression in monocytes. In conclusion, our study suggested that type I IFN-mediated monocyte activation could have a deleterious effect on the pathogenesis of GD. These observations indicated that the inhibition of type I IFN-activated monocytes/macrophages could have a therapeutic effect on GD remission.
Sound Velocities in Graphene-Based Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Nadtochiy Andriy , Gorelov Borys , Polovina Oleksiy , Shulga Sergiy , Korotchenkov Oleg , Gorb Alla
Published: June 2022

Elastic properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites (ENCs) filled with bare and TiO2-deposied multi-layered graphene nanoplatelets (MLG) have been tested by using a phase-frequency continuous-wave ultrasound probing (USP). The dian epoxy CHS-EPOXY 520 curried with diethylenetriamine (DETA) was the polymer matrix for the nanocomposites. The nanoplatelets of the specific surface area Sf ~ 790 m2/g consist of several dozen loosely bound monoatomic graphene layers with an area of about least 5×5 μm2. MLG-mass-loading (φf,m) of the nanocomposites varied from 0.1 % to 5.0 % by weight. Anatase- TiO2 particles, being of about 50 nm in diameter and of Sf ~ 1500 m2/g, have been deposited on MLG in mass concentration of about 1 %. Elastic moduli of the ENCs (namely, the Lame’s constants, the Young’s module, the compression module, and the Poisson’s ratio) have demonstrated negligible variation with φf,m varying regardless the type of filling particles. However, MLG:TiO2-hybrid nanoparticles have proven to impact stronger on the moduli as compared to bare MLG. This result shows a capability to modify molecular structure of epoxy resins by controlling surface reactivity of MLG embedded in the resin.
Relación dinámica entre el desarrollo de infraestructura y el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo en Costa Rica, 1983 – 2017
Authors: Santa Cruz Camacho Camilo
Published: June 2022

El desarrollo de infraestructura representa una condición de primer orden en la aceleración del crecimiento económico a través de distintos canales que potencian la productividad de los demás factores de producción, que forman parte de los procesos de generación de bienes y servicios en una economía. En el siguiente estudio se pretende constatar, a través de un modelo econométrico dinámico de rezagos distribuidos la incidencia que tiene la creación de esta, medida en unidades reales, sobre el nivel de producto de la economía costarricense para el período 1983-2017; los hallazgos encontrados son congruentes con la importancia que se la ha dado a la infraestructura como motor dinamizador de la economía y resultan reveladores para entender los efectos retardados en el tiempo que tiene el desarrollo efectivo de capital físico sobre el crecimiento, al tiempo que salen a la luz otras líneas investigativas como la relación entre los tipos de infraestructura de muy corto, corto, mediano y largo plazo y el capital físico, el crecimiento y la productividad.
Acoso laboral: el reconocimiento y el desprecio en el ámbito de trabajo
Authors: Mac Donald Quiceno Jessica
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se busca problematizar las implicaciones éticas que tiene el acoso laboral analizando, por un lado, el papel que juega el trabajo y la relación con otros en la constitución subjetiva y la salud mental, y, por otro, sus implicaciones en la construcción de una eticidad colectiva a partir del reconocimiento o el desprecio de sus integrantes. Para ello se utilizan los aportes de la psicodinámica del trabajo de Christophe Dejours, y la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth que permiten aplicar un marco de análisis comprensivo de este fenómeno.
Hacia una mirada crítica de la Política de la Liberación desde lo constitutivo de lo político y la democracia
Authors: Díaz Guzmán Diana Alejandra
Published: June 2022

Esta indagación filosófica crítica ha buscado comprender el anclaje de los principios ético-normativos que rigen lo político y la democracia en la Filosofía de la Liberación de Dussel. Este texto, particularmente, hace hincapié en el principio formal y la comprensión que tiene el filósofo argentino-mexicano de los elementos constitutivos de lo político. Para tal finalidad, este escrito está dividido en cuatro apartados: el primero presenta el tema; el segundo plantea la necesidad de volver a concebir la doble cara de la modernidad para vislumbrar sus elementos emancipadores, tal como lo son: la democracia, la libertas y la igualdad de condiciones; el tercero esboza los límites intrínsecos en la fundamentación del principio formal, al dejar de lado el conflicto como elemento constitutivo de lo político; el cuarto apartado presenta, de forma breve, la propuesta a las cuestiones abiertas: des-onto-teologizar lo político e incluir en el marco categorial el conflicto.
Contribución al conocimiento de Cladóceros de las charcas temporales al norte de Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés Juan M. , Elmoor-Loureiro Lourdes M.A. , Sousa Francisco Diogo R. , Eslava-Eljaiek Pedro
Published: June 2022

Cuarenta y un taxones de Cladóceros fueron identificados en las charcas temporales en el curso de este estudio, de los cuales 15 son nuevos registros para el departamento de la Guajira y uno para Colombia. Con la adición de estos nuevos reportes se incrementa el total de cladóceras para Colombia y el departamento de La Guajira en 111 y 46 especies respectivamente. El departamento de La Guajira contiene el 41.44% de los taxones de cladóceros del territorio colombiano. Las charcas con mayor y menor riqueza fue la Ponderosa y la de Manaure con 37 y 2 especies respectivamente. También se proporcionan notas descriptivas, comentarios comparativos sobre morfología e ilustraciones para algunos taxones notables.
Emergent use of a King laryngeal tube for traumatic intraoral bleeding: two case reports
Authors: Kim Han Bit , Choi Sungwoo , Min Seung June , Han Sangsoo , Kang Bora , Kim Giwoon
Published: June 2022

Maxillofacial trauma occasionally presents a serious challenge for physicians, and an orofacial injury can be considered life-threatening. It is difficult to control the bleeding and prevent airway obstruction simultaneously with conventional treatment. Herein, we share two cases in which we managed massive orofacial bleeding using a King laryngeal tube, a supraglottic airway device equipped with an inflatable balloon. Both patients had uncontrolled orofacial bleeding. In one of the patients, endotracheal intubation was possible; however, bleeding continued, and vital signs became unstable. The second patient had failed endotracheal intubation due to uncontrolled bleeding. We deployed the King laryngeal tube in both patients and achieved bleeding control and airway maintenance. Both patients were discharged without complications after 3 to 4 weeks. The King laryngeal tube method can be considered a useful management option for addressing massive orofacial bleeding that is uncontrollable with conventional treatment.
El paisaje como posibilidad de lectura en el ámbito de los Estudios Clásicos: Una aproximación desde el μὓθος griego
Authors: Salas-Moya Jenny
Published: June 2022

El artículo describe los paisajes asociados con el territorio griego de la Antigüedad, los cuales, según se plantea en este escrito, tuvieron una importancia medular en la conformación de los relatos míticos helénicos. Se partió de la definición del concepto paisaje para así desarrollar dos acontecimientos histórico-religiosos fundamentales: el surgimiento de la πóλις y el surgimiento del templo monumental griego. Se plantea que ambas creaciones, tanto la πóλις como el templo monumental y los elementos constitutivos de los santuarios en los que estos se ubicaron constituyen geosímbolos que caracterizan la identidad mítico-religiosa de la Hélade. En este sentido, el análisis del “paisaje” desde la mirada del μὓθος griego constituye una temática clave para comprender el alcance de la imaginación mítico-religiosa helénica.
Historia de Trombones de Costa Rica. Recuento de la vida y aportes de la agrupación musical, narrado por sus protagonistas
Authors: Rodríguez Cambronero Leonel
Published: June 2022

El artículo investiga la historia musical de Trombones de Costa Rica, un grupo de música de cámara costarricense con treinta años de trayectoria nacional e internacional, surgido en 1991, desde la cátedra de trombón de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Su estilo musical destacado en la música de cámara y ha sido inspiración para nuevos grupos, así como, el estudio y creación de obras compuestas específicamente para este estilo musical. Este artículo destaca tanto sus logros artísticos como su aporte en la difusión y promoción de la música regional, a través de la voz de sus protagonistas. Para este fin, se aplica la metodología de historias de vida (Thomas & Znaniecki, 1972). A través de las historias de sus protagonistas se contempla cuál fue el motivo de la creación del grupo y cómo se han desarrollado las cuatro generaciones, como parte de su proceso de crecimiento; también se explora el rol de cada uno de sus miembros a lo largo de treinta años y los aportes del grupo en la historia musical de Costa Rica. Se trata de un documento informativo y vivencial que demuestra la labor conjunta de instituciones, escuelas y seres humanos en el fortalecimiento de la cultura musical costarricense.
A simple HPLC-DAD method for analysis of phenolic acids: Addition effect of a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent to the mobile phase
Authors: Pérez-López Luis Alejandro , Cavazos-Rocha Norma , Delgado-Montemayor Cecilia , Waksman-Minsky Noemí , Hernández-Salazar Marcelo , Portillo-Castillo Omar J.
Published: June 2022

The analysis of phenolic acids (PAs) is of great importance, because they are frequently present in natural products and their derivatives, and these compounds also have multiple beneficial effects to human health. This work is focusing on the separation of seven PAs (caffeic acid, coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid), in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) isocratic method using a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a mobile phase additive. The analysis was carried out with a diode array detector. The used DES was composed by choline chloride and glycerol, and it was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The combination of choline chloride:glycerol (1:4) added at 0.25% to mobile phase composed of 0.15% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol (80:20), showed the best separation for target analytes. The new proposed method was validated, and results indicated that the proposed method is linear, selective for almost all analytes, provided high sensitivity with limit of detection ranges from 0.009 to 0.023 mg mL−1, and has satisfactory precision and accuracy, with values of relative standard deviation of 0.24–2.65% and recoveries of 97.97–109%, respectively. Additionally, this method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of phenolic acids in three kinds of samples of powder to prepare lemon flavour drink enriched with black tea extract.
Proximate analysis of lipid composition in Moroccan truffles and desert truffles
Authors: Henkrar Fatima , Khabar Lahsen
Published: June 2022

Lipid composition in truffle is essential for nutraceutical and medicinal purposes. Currently, there is no data regarding the lipid content in Moroccan truffles. Therefore, we determined the fatty acid and sterol composition of six Moroccan truffles and desert truffles. The gas chromatography analysis revealed the predominance of fatty palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. The prominent sterol components were brassicasterol and ergosterol. Besides, the sterol analysis discriminated between the Tuber and Terfezia truffles. These differences seem to be exploitable at a taxonomic level. This is a preliminary report disclosing the fatty acid and sterol composition of Moroccan truffles, indicating the potential use of lipids analysis, especially sterol analysis, as biomarker for truffles distinction.
Моделі втрат тиску на тертя під час течії двофазних потоків усередині труб
Authors: Горін В.В. , Середа В.В. , Лю Ян
Published: June 2022

У цій роботі проведено широкий літературний пошук та проаналізовано теоретичні та екс-периментальні двофазні моделі та кореляції стосовно розрахунку втрат тиску на тертя під час течії двофазних потоків усередині горизонтальних труб зі звичайними внутрішніми діаметрами (din > 3 мм) з відкритих літературних джерел. Систематизовано та наведено відомі моделі та кореляції різних авторів стосовно розрахунку втрат тиску на тертя. Відзначено відсутність попереднього обґрунтування правильного застосування різних моделей турбулентної в'язкості для прогнозування перепаду тиску тертя при конденсації з впливом міжфазної зсувної напруги та без неї. Водночас наведено вирази різних авторів стосовно розрахунку та обчислення множників двофазного тертя ϕl2і ϕv2, динамічної в’язкості двофазної суміші µtp, та коефіцієнтів тертя для пари та рідини fv і fl тощо. Для цього дослідження було відібрано теоретичні та експериментальні рішення щодо розрахунку втрат тиску на тертя двофазного потоку всередині труб із наукових праць 20 авторів. У роботі виконано порівняльний аналіз щодо розрахунку втрат тиску на тертя (двофазних множників ϕl2і ϕv2) за сімома відомими залежностями з експериментальними даними з роботи Cavallini et al. стосовно конденсації холодоагентів R22, R134a, R32 і R410A усередині горизонтальних труб за різних масових швидкостей, масових паровмістів та інших умов течії двофазного потоку. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо вибору розрахункових моделей і кореляцій стосовно втрат тиску на тертя та відповідних двофазних множників, які можуть бути використані в інженерних розрахунках під час проєктування теплообмінних апаратів різного промислового призначення. При цьому, в разі використання емпіричних кореляцій, що отримані на основі узагальнення експериментальних даних, слід ураховувати, що вони мають характерні, тільки їм притаманні особливості, а тому ці залежності придатні для застосування лише у вузькому діапазоні змін режимних параметрів потоку
EN PRENSA Strategy for the reactivation of tourism in Mexico; Evidence of the use of saliva pools for the detection of COVID-19 in a tourist resort EN PRENSA
Authors: Bueno-Duran A. Y. , Barrón-Arreola K. S. , Benitez-Trinidad A. B. , Ventura-Ramon G. H. , Toledo-Ibarra G. A. , Covantes-Rosales C. E. , Navidad-Murrieta M. S. , Zambrano-Soria M. , Razura-Carmona F. F. , Ojeda-Duran A. J. , Barcelos-Garcia R. G. , Vazquez-Pulido E. Y. , Mercado-Salgado U. , Ezquivel- Esparza Z. E. , Girón-Pérez D. A.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in tourism activity. This has caused huge losses to the tourism industry, so different approaches have been devised for economic reactivation. This article aims to provide a novel strategy for mass molecular monitoring of clinically healthy individuals, and also including potentially asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, who traveled to a tourist resort The monitoring consisted of collecting individual saliva samples (n=120) and conforming groups of 10 samples, thus setting 12 individual pools, which were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Obtained data showed that all the samples analyzed were negative, thus confirming that no individuals were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before and during the travel. The proposed molecular protocol allowed the analysis of massive saliva samples and detect individual infected persons (negative or positive). protocol for evaluate massive event, thus promoting the economic activation of the tourism industry.
Highlighting Mycorrhizal Structures in Roots of Zea mays L.
Authors: POP MOLDOVAN Victoria , VIDICAN Roxana , CORCOZ Larisa , STOIAN Vlad
Published: June 2022

Agriculture is one of the key economic activities designed to provide food for a growing population. It is expected that 21st-century agriculture will try to reduce the number of fertilizers by using microorganisms, in this category arbuscular mycorrhizas representing a complex set of benefits for plants and ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to identify the mycorrhizal structures present in the roots of Zea mays. The objectives of the research are: i) are mycorrhizae natively present in the corn root and have a constant presence from the first stages of plant development? and ii) what kind of colonization pattern is characteristic of these roots? Maize has prominent fasciculate roots, and due to its intense branching capacity provides increased biological support for the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts. Within the fungal structures highlighted, the most prominent were arbuscules and vesicles. Arum-type arbuscules were mostly observed, Paris-type arbuscules being less common in this species. Vesicles have a low frequency in the root cortex. They are present only in the early stages of plant development. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are present in the root of the Zea mays plant with a constant presence, without major fluctuations.
Highlighting the Structures and Patterns of Fungal Colonization in the Species Festuca rubra
Authors: CORCOZ Larisa , VIDICAN Roxana , POP-MOLDOVAN Victoria , STOIAN Vlad
Published: June 2022

Grasslands are the most dynamic ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity both above-ground and underground. The biggest problem in these ecosystems is oligotrophy. The phenomenon affects the stability and resilience of these ecosystems, increasing the impact of biological processes. The symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizas is a natural option with a great impact on maintaining the high natural value of ecosystems. This article aims rating colonization Festuca rubra, dominant in a mountain grassland ecosystem. Roots were cleared and stained with ink for the detection of mycorrhizas in roots. All root samples were analyzed with an optical microscope for the detection of mycorrhizal structures. The results obtained highlight a main mycorrhizal pattern as well as specific subcategories. Both types of arbuscules were identified: Arum and Paris. The results obtained highlight a main mycorrhizal pattern as well as specific subcategories. Vesicles are structures with a constant lack of consistency, which indicates their fluctuating nature. The mycorrhizal pattern of Festuca rubra as the dominant species in the pratol ecosystem may be the first step towards a more detailed understanding of the fungal strategy as well as the increased importance in the stability of the pratol ecosystem.