bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of crown fracture in the permanent dentition on children’s quality of life
Authors: Soares Josiane P. , Barasuol Jéssica C. , Torres Fernanda M. , Giacomin Angela , Gonçalves Bruna M. , Klein Daniele , Borgatto Adriano F. , Ramos‐Jorge Maria L. , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele
Published: March 2018

Background/Aim

Among the diseases related to oral health, traumatic dental injuries (TDI) can lead to pain, loss of function and aesthetic problems, with physical, emotional and social consequences for children and their families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between enamel fracture and enamel‐dentin fracture with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Material and Methods

This cross‐sectional study had a representative sample of 1589 children between 8‐10 years of age from public schools. The OHRQoL was obtained through the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8‐10), which is a questionnaire validated for Brazilian children. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.7) using the Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and TDI. A socio‐economic questionnaire was sent to the caregivers to be answered at home. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The prevalence of TDI was 10.6%, and among these 10.3% who had an impact on the OHRQoL, it was due to enamel‐dentin fracture. Children with enamel‐dentin fracture had (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07‐1.70) higher prevalence of impact on the OHRQoL. Children with enamel fracture had no impact on the OHRQoL (P = .254).

Conclusion

Enamel fracture had no significant impact on children’s quality of life, while enamel‐dentin fracture did have an impact on quality of life.
Psychopathology, cognition and outcome in Dutch and immigrant first‐episode psychosis patients
Authors: Stouten Luyken H. , Veling Wim , Laan Winfried , Van der Gaag Mark
Published: March 2018

Aim

The primary aim was to examine differences in baseline symptom expression, neurocognition, social cognition and psychosocial functioning between Dutch, first‐generation immigrants and second‐generation immigrants with a first‐episode psychosis (FEP). The secondary aim was to examine functional and symptomatic change and between‐group differences at 12‐months follow‐up. Associations between migration, baseline characteristics and outcome were explored.

Methods

Forty‐six Dutch, 56 second‐generation‐ and 60 first‐generation immigrant patients completed baseline measures for 6 symptom dimensions (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, social cognitive functioning, excitement and emotional distress) and 5 domains of psychosocial functioning (general functioning, work and study, relationships, self‐care and disturbing behaviour). Functioning and psychotic symptoms were assessed at baseline and 12‐months follow‐up. ANCOVA and t tests were used to assess between‐group differences. General linear models were used to explore within‐group differences. Backward‐regression was used to explore predictors of outcome.

Results

Levels of positive symptoms, excitement and emotional distress did not differ between groups at baseline or follow‐up. Dutch patients had lower levels of negative symptoms than both immigrant groups at follow‐up. On neurocognition and social cognition, Dutch performed better than second‐generation immigrants, who in turn performed better than first‐generation immigrants. Psychosocial functioning across all domains at baseline and at 12‐months follow‐up was similar across groups. Baseline levels of general psychosocial functioning and income were the strongest predictors of outcome at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Psychosocial functioning and symptom profiles are comparable between Dutch, first‐generation immigrant and second‐generation immigrant FEP patients, excluding neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits. A range of baseline characteristics predicted outcome.
Dental participation in geriatric interprofessional education courses: A systematic review
Authors: Kossioni A. E. , Marchini L. , Childs C.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Although the interdisciplinary management of the ageing individual is highly stressed, there is limited information on the outcomes of interprofessional education (IPE) activities of dental students in geriatrics. This systematic review aimed to identify studies with dentists participating in formal IPE courses in geriatrics and assess the outcomes reported.

Material and Methods

Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus), reference lists from relevant studies and cited papers were investigated. The inclusion criteria were as follows: about formal interactive learning; learners from at least 2 disciplines; including dentists; related to geriatrics; any study design; reporting any outcome; only full papers; published in peer‐reviewed journals; English language.

Results

Of the 1259 records retrieved, 26 were assessed for eligibility based on defined inclusion criteria and 7 studies were included in the final analysis. Two studies reported specific outcomes for dentists with lower, or even negative, post‐training scores for interprofessional collaborative practice competences compared to other disciplines, but only one of them used a previously validated scale. There were no reports on the effect of IPE courses on dental trainees’ gerodontology skill improvements or on their attitudes towards the older persons.

Conclusion

The existing evidence is insufficient to determine any outcomes of formal interprofessional training of dentists in geriatrics. More studies with better experimental design should be developed. Among the strengths of IPE in geriatrics are the interdisciplinary nature of geriatric care, the sharing of common geriatric competences among participating disciplines and the opportunity to use nursing homes as a training site.
Retrospective analysis of frontline treatment efficacy in elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Chieh‐Lung , Liu Jia‐Hau , Chou Sheng‐Chieh , Yao Ming , Tang Jih‐Luh , Tien Hwei‐Fang
Published: March 2018

Objectives

To investigate the effectiveness of 2 chemotherapeutic regimens, bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) or reduced‐dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (RD‐R‐CHOP), in elderly patients with treatment‐naïve diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of 2 frontline regimens, BR and RD‐R‐CHOP, in patients aged ≥75 years unfit for R‐CHOP.

Results

From January 2011 to December 2015, 26 patients received BR and 34 RD‐R‐CHOP. No significant difference was found in clinical background comparisons. The overall response rate was 50% and 79.4% for BR and RD‐R‐CHOP, respectively (P = .027). Compared with patients in RD‐R‐CHOP, those in BR had a lower complete remission rate (42.3% vs 70.6%, P = .036), higher progressive disease rate (38.5% vs 8.8%, P = .01), and poorer median overall survival (11.2 months vs 39 months, P = .035). The prognostic difference was mainly observed in patients with limited stage. By contrast, BR had better toxic profiles. Some patients in BR certainly showed long‐term survivals.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated better efficacy of RD‐R‐CHOP, indicating its administration might be considered whenever possible, especially for limited stage. However, BR is a reasonable alternative for those ineligible for anthracycline‐containing regimens. Further studies are needed to guide treatment decisions.
Processing of interaural phase differences in components of harmonic and mistuned complexes in the inferior colliculus of the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Eipert Lena , Klinge‐Strahl Astrid , Klump Georg M.
Published: March 2018

Harmonicity and spatial location provide eminent cues for the perceptual grouping of sounds. In general, harmonicity is a strong grouping cue. In contrast, spatial cues such as interaural phase or time difference provide for strong grouping of stimulus sequences but weak grouping for simultaneously presented sounds. By studying the neuronal basis underlying the interaction of these cues in processing simultaneous sounds using van Rossum spike train distance measures, we aim at explaining the interaction observed in psychophysical experiments. Responses to interaural phase differences imposed on single components of harmonic and mistuned complex tones as well as noise delay functions were recorded as multiunit responses from the inferior colliculus of Mongolian gerbils. Results revealed a better representation of interaural phase differences if imposed on a harmonic rather than a mistuned frequency component of a complex tone. The representation of interaural phase differences was better for long integration‐time windows approximately reflecting firing rates rather than short integration‐time windows reflecting the temporal pattern of the stimulus‐driven response. We found only a weak impact of interaural phase differences if combined with mistuning of a component in a harmonic tone complex.
Treatment with the GSK3‐beta inhibitor Tideglusib improves hippocampal development and memory performance in juvenile, but not adult, Cdkl5 knockout mice
Authors: Fuchs Claudia , Fustini Norma , Trazzi Stefania , Gennaccaro Laura , Rimondini Roberto , Ciani Elisabetta
Published: March 2018

Cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) disorder is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early‐onset epileptic seizures, severe developmental delay, and intellectual disability. To date, no effective pharmacological treatments are available to improve the neurological phenotype that is due to mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Murine models of CDKL5 disorder have recently been generated, making the preclinical testing of pharmacological interventions possible. Using a Cdkl5 knockout (KO) mouse model, we recently demonstrated that deficiency of Cdkl5 causes defects in postnatal hippocampal development and hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. These defects were accompanied by an increased activity of GSK3β, an important inhibitory regulator of many neuronal functions. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β activity was able to recover hippocampal defects and cognitive performance in juvenile Cdkl5 KO mice, suggesting that GSK3β inhibitors might be a potential therapeutic option for CDKL5 disorder. As GSK3β inhibitors have been shown to have differential medication responses in young people and adults, this study was designed to examine whether GSK3β is a possible therapeutic target both in juvenile and in adult CDKL5 patients. We found that treatment with the GSK3β inhibitor Tideglusib during the juvenile period improved hippocampal development and hippocampus‐dependent behaviors in Cdkl5 KO mice, while treatment later on in adulthood had no positive effects. These results suggest that pharmacological interventions aimed at normalizing impaired GSK3β activity might have different age‐dependent outcomes in CDKL5 disorder. This is of utmost importance in the development of therapeutic approaches in CDKL5 patients and in the design of rational clinical trials.
Cerebral microbleeds predict infectious intracranial aneurysm in infective endocarditis
Authors: Cho S.‐M. , Marquardt R. J. , Rice C. J. , Buletko A. B. , Zhang L. Q. , Khoury J. , Thatikunta P. , Hardman J. , Wisco D. , Uchino K.
Published: March 2018

Background and purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features such as cerebral microbleeds and sulcal susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) or gradient‐echo T2* lesions in infective endocarditis (IE) have been associated with the presence of infectious intracranial aneurysm (IIA). Our aim was to validate these MRI predictors for IIA in order to better assist in assessing the appropriate indications for digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Methods

The derivation cohort comprised IE patients with neurological evaluation, MRI and DSA at a single tertiary referral center from January 2015 to July 2016. Validation was performed in a cohort of IE patients who underwent MRI and DSA at the same center from 2010 to 2014.

Results

Of 62 patients in the derivation cohort, 10 (16%) had IIAs. Of 129 in the validation cohort, 19 (15%) IIAs were identified. The MRI predictors for IIA consist of (i) contrast enhancement with microbleeds, (ii) cerebral microbleeds >5 mm or sulcal SWI lesions and (iii) any MRI hemorrhages. The sensitivity for the presence of IIA in each group of the derivation cohort was 90%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity in the validation cohort was 47%, 68% and 94% respectively. The specificity in the derivation cohort was 87%, 85% and 18%. In the validation cohort, the specificity was similar at 87%, 75% and 27%.

Conclusions

The absence of MRI hemorrhages may not necessitate the need for DSA.
Humoral immunity response to human endogenous retroviruses K/W differentiates between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases
Authors: Arru G. , Mameli G. , Deiana G. A. , Rassu A. L. , Piredda R. , Sechi E. , Caggiu E. , Bo M. , Nako E. , Urso D. , Mariotto S. , Ferrari S. , Zanusso G. , Monaco S. , Sechi G. , Sechi L. A.
Published: March 2018

Background and purpose

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) K/W seem to play a role in fostering and exacerbation of some neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given these findings, the immunity response against HERV‐K and HERV‐W envelope surface (env‐su) glycoprotein antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated for ALS, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease patients and in healthy controls.

Methods

Four antigenic peptides derived respectively from HERV‐K and HERV‐W env‐su proteins were studied in 21 definite or probable ALS patients, 26 possible or definite relapsing−remitting MS patients, 18 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 39 healthy controls. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was set up to detect specific antibodies (Abs) against env‐su peptides.

Results

Amongst the measured levels of Abs against the four different HERV‐K peptide fragments, only HERV‐K env‐su19–37 was significantly elevated in ALS compared to other groups, both in serum and CSF. Instead, amongst the Abs levels directed against the four different HERV‐W peptide fragments, only HERV‐W env‐su93–108 and HERV‐W env‐su248–262 were significantly elevated, in the serum and CSF of the MS group compared to other groups. In ALS patients, the HERV‐K env‐su19–37 Abs levels were significantly correlated with clinical measures of disease severity, both in serum and CSF.

Conclusions

Increased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV‐W env‐su93–108 and HERV‐W env‐su248–262 peptide fragments could serve as possible biomarkers in patients with MS. Similarly, increased circulating levels of Abs directed against the HERV‐K env‐su19–37 peptide fragment could serve as a possible early novel biomarker in patients with ALS.
Neurophysiological study of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in mechanically ventilated children; additional aspects in paediatric critical illness comorbidities
Authors: Thabet Mahmoud A. , Tawfik M. A. M. , Abd el naby S. A. , Abo El Fotoh W. M. M. , Saleh N. Y. , Abd El Hady N. M. S.
Published: March 2018

Background and purpose

Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CIP/CIM) is being increasingly recognized as a significant clinical problem in critically ill children especially if they have spent long periods in the intensive care unit. So the aim was to determine the frequency of CIP/CIM amongst mechanically ventilated children and to analyse the associated risk factors and drawbacks frequently encountered in this cohort.

Methods

The study included 105 patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit who underwent mechanical ventilation for ≥7 days. These patients were screened daily for awakening. Patients with severe muscle weakness on day 7 post‐awakening underwent nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Accordingly, the patients were classified as CIP/CIM patients if they had abnormal neurophysiology studies or control patients if normal neurophysiology studies were obtained. Their clinical and laboratory profiles had been recorded as well.

Results

Overall, of 105 patients who achieved satisfactory awakening, 34 patients (32.4%) developed CIP/CIM mostly of the axonal polyneuropathy pattern (27.6%) whilst 71 control patients (67.6%) showed normal electrophysiological studies. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in patients with CIP/CIM compared to control patients (P = 0.001). The study also revealed that 62.1% of our CIP/CIM patients failed weaning trials and finally died. CIP/CIM was significantly associated with decreased platelets, elevated liver enzymes and prolonged prothrombin time. Acidosis, low serum calcium and albumin levels and higher blood glucose were also found to be more significant in CIP/CIM patients compared to control patients.

Conclusion

Critically ill children frequently develop CIP/CIM, mostly of axonal polyneuropathy pattern, which compromises rehabilitation and recovery and is associated with a number of comorbidities.
The cost of capital effect of M&A transactions: Disentangling coinsurance from the diversification discount
Authors: Bielstein Patrick , Fischer Mario , Kaserer Christoph
Published: March 2018

This study argues that in corporate diversification there is a bright side (coinsurance effect) and a dark side (diversification discount). While diversification might reduce systematic risk by its impact on the cost of financial distress, it might increase systematic risk because of inefficient cross‐subsidization at the same time. Building on an extension of the model of Hann, Ogneva, and Ozbas (), we analyze mergers and acquisitions in the US over the period 1985 to 2014. We find the coinsurance effect to decrease the cost of capital by 36  basis points for the average firm. However, at the same time, we observe a 7  basis points increase in the cost of capital related to the inefficiency of the firm's internal capital market. Both effects are statistically significant and robust to endogeneity concerns, different empirical specifications, and variable measurement.
Biochemical evolution in response to intensive harvesting in algae: Evolution of quality and quantity
Authors: Marshall Dustin J , Lawton Rebecca J , Monro Keyne , Paul Nicholas A
Published: March 2018

Evolutionary responses to indirect selection pressures imposed by intensive harvesting are increasingly common. While artificial selection has shown that biochemical components can show rapid and dramatic evolution, it remains unclear as to whether intensive harvesting can inadvertently induce changes in the biochemistry of harvested populations. For applications such as algal culture, many of the desirable bioproducts could evolve in response to harvesting, reducing cost‐effectiveness, but experimental tests are lacking. We used an experimental evolution approach where we imposed heavy and light harvesting regimes on multiple lines of an alga of commercial interest for twelve cycles of harvesting and then placed all lines in a common garden regime for four cycles. We have previously shown that lines in a heavy harvesting regime evolve a “live fast” phenotype with higher growth rates relative to light harvesting regimes. Here, we show that algal biochemistry also shows evolutionary responses, although they were temporarily masked by differences in density under the different harvesting regimes. Heavy harvesting regimes, relative to light harvesting regimes, had reduced productivity of desirable bioproducts, particularly fatty acids. We suggest that commercial operators wishing to maximize productivity of desirable bioproducts should maintain mother cultures, kept at higher densities (which tend to select for desirable phenotypes), and periodically restart their intensively harvested cultures to minimize the negative consequences of biochemical evolution. Our study shows that the burgeoning algal culture industry should pay careful attention to the role of evolution in intensively harvested crops as these effects are nontrivial if subtle.
Reply to Saumitou‐Laprade et al. (2017) “Controlling for genetic identity of varieties, pollen contamination and stigma receptivity is essential to characterize the self‐incompatibility system of Olea europaea L.”. Eva:https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12498
Authors: Farinelli Daniela , Breton Catherine , Koubouris Georgios , Famiani Franco , Villemur Pierre , Bervillé André
Published: March 2018

This study was carried out to examine the validity of previous studies on the intercompatibility of olive and to compare the approach and techniques used for proposing the diallelic self‐incompatibility system and the sporophytic self‐incompatibility system. Analysis of the literature indicates that the mating system of the olive tree is a controversial issue and requires further studies to clearly and fully comprehend it. All possible approaches should be used to maximize reliability of the final conclusions on the olive mating system.
Unilateral malignant melanoma of the adrenal gland with metastatic spread to the thorax in a horse
Authors: Hablolvarid M. H.
Published: March 2018

A 7‐year‐old grey horse that had a history of inappetence, weight loss, weakness, dyspnoea, coughing and intermittent colic was examined post‐mortem. A melanoma, confirmed histologically, was found in the right adrenal gland and had eroded into the posterior vena cava. Thoracic metastases were also identified. The skin, including the legs, trunk and perineum was normal with no evidence of melanomas. This was considered to be a primary, malignant melanoma, a novel finding in the adrenal gland of the horse.
Association of neutrophil morphology with bacterial isolates in equine tracheal wash samples
Authors: Jocelyn N. A. , Wylie C. E. , Lean M. , Barrelet A. , Foote A. K.
Published: March 2018

Background

Tracheal wash sample neutrophilia is common in lower airway inflammation of various causes; however, relevance of cytomorphological features to culture of bacterial pathogens has not been established.

Objectives

To investigate whether the presence of nondegenerate or degenerate neutrophils in tracheal washes is associated with culture of bacteria and, if so, whether this is influenced by age or temporal factors.

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Tracheal wash samples submitted to Rossdales LLP from 1/1/2013 to 31/7/2015 were evaluated using set criteria. Neutrophilia and degenerate neutrophilia (graded ≥2/4 on Rossdales cytological scale [0–4]) were analysed in relation to bacterial isolates considered potentially pathogenic in respiratory disease. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between two separate outcomes: 1) the presence of neutrophilia compared with no neutrophilia and 2) the presence of degenerate neutrophilia compared with nondegenerate neutrophilia and four independent variables.

Results

Sufficient data for inclusion in the multivariable model for nondegenerate neutrophilia were available from 1100 horses. Culture of potentially pathogenic bacteria was associated with increased odds of degenerate neutrophilia compared with samples with negative culture (OR 4.5, 95% CI 3.1, 6.4, P‐value<0.001). Horses over 9 years old had lower odds of having degenerate neutrophilia than those aged 1–3 years (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4, 0.9, P‐value<0.02). In the spring/summer, horses had reduced odds of a degenerate neutrophilia compared with winter (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.7, P‐value <0.001).

Main limitations

The study relied on routine laboratory submissions, with no control over sample collection or submitted clinical history.

Conclusions

Cytological evaluation of tracheal washes should include cytomorphological features of the neutrophil response. The presence of degenerate neutrophils, especially in young horses, indicates added value of culture and sensitivity for antimicrobial therapeutics. The absence of degenerate changes, in combination with clinical factors, can help support diagnosis of a nonseptic cause of airway neutrophilia.
In vitro epidermis model mimicking IGF‐1–specific age‐related decline
Authors: Mainzer Carine , Remoué Noëlle , Molinari Jennifer , Rousselle Patricia , Barricchello Carla , Lago Juliana C. , Sommer Pascal , Sigaudo‐Roussel Dominique , Debret Romain
Published: March 2018

Ageing is a complex multifaceted process affecting skin functionality and structure. Several 3D organotypic skin culture models have reproduced ageing by inducing replicative senescence, glycation or oxidative stress. Yet, very few models have focused on hormonal ageing and especially the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) signalling pathway, which has been associated with longevity in animal studies and is necessary for the early stages of skin development. In this study, we built an organotypic epidermis model with targeted IGF‐1 receptor knockdown to reproduce some aspects of hormonal ageing on skin. Our model displayed morphological and functional features of aged epidermis, which were mostly attributed to a loss of function of the Stratum basale. IGF‐1 receptor knockdown keratinocytes depicted an extended cell cycle, reduced proliferation potential and reduced adhesion capacities and greater sensitivity to oxidative stress than control cells. Altogether, this model represents an essential tool for further investigations into the mechanisms linked to some aspects of hormonal decline or when screening for potent anti‐ageing compounds.
Life before and beyond blistering: The role of collagen XVII in epidermal physiology
Authors: Natsuga Ken , Watanabe Mika , Nishie Wataru , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

Type XVII collagen (COL17) is a transmembranous protein that is mainly expressed in the epidermal basal keratinocytes. Epidermal‐dermal attachment requires COL17 expression at the hemidesmosomes of the epidermal basement membrane zone because congenital COL17 deficiency leads to junctional epidermolysis bullosa and acquired autoimmunity to COL17 induces bullous pemphigoid. Recently, in addition to facilitating epidermal‐dermal attachment, COL17 has been reported to serve as a niche for hair follicle stem cells, to regulate proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis and to be present along the non‐hemidesmosomal plasma membrane of epidermal basal keratinocytes. This review focuses on the physiological properties of COL17 in the epidermis, its role in maintaining stem cells and its association with signalling pathways. We propose possible solutions to unanswered questions in this field.
SAM syndrome is characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Taiber Shahar , Samuelov Liat , Mohamad Janan , Barak Eran Cohen , Sarig Ofer , Shalev Stavit Allon , Lestringant Gilles , Sprecher Eli
Published: March 2018

Severe skin dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome is a rare life‐threatening inherited condition caused by bi‐allelic mutations in DSG1 encoding desmoglein 1. The disease was initially reported to manifest with severe erythroderma, failure to thrive, atopic manifestations, recurrent infections, hypotrichosis and palmoplantar keratoderma. We present 3 new cases of SAM syndrome in 2 families and review the cases published so far. Whole exome and direct sequencing were used to identify SAM syndrome‐causing mutations. Consistent with previous data, SAM syndrome was found in all 3 patients to result from homozygous mutations in DSG1 predicted to result in premature termination of translation. In contrast, as compared with patients previously reported, the present cases were found to display a wide range of clinical presentations of variable degrees of severity. The present data emphasize the fact that SAM syndrome is characterized by extensive phenotypic heterogeneity, suggesting the existence of potent modifier traits.
Preliminary observations of a new approach to tissue repair: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in platelet‐rich plasma injected into skin graft area
Authors: Orlandi Catuscia , Bondioli Elena , Venturi Michela , Melandri Davide
Published: March 2018

Our purpose was accelerating the physiologic wound healing, stimulating tissue regeneration and the reparative tissue processes in resistant skin ulcers as in a case of an erosive lichen planus of the soles and after a surgical treatment as for severe Darier disease. The challenge was to establish an effective therapy to enhance tissue healing by the injection of a mixture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB‐MNCs) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) into a skin autograft area. This new perioperative biotechnological approach enriches PRP with the effects of PB‐MNCs. It offers a novel advanced strategy that could become an ideal biologic blood‐derived therapy, whose components are entirely autologous and produced by a protocol independent by the operator.
The Effects of a Couples‐Based Health Behavior Intervention During Pregnancy on Latino Couples’ Dyadic Satisfaction Postpartum
Authors: Coop Gordon Kristina , Roberson Patricia N. E. , Hughes Jessica A. , Khaddouma Alexander M. , Swamy Geeta K. , Noonan Devon , Gonzalez Alicia M. , Fish Laura , Pollak Kathryn I.
Published: March 2018

Many couples tend to report steadily decreasing relationship quality following the birth of a child. However, little is known about the postpartum period for Latino couples, a rapidly growing ethnic group who are notably underserved by mental and physical health caregivers in the United States. Thus, this study investigated whether a brief couples’ intervention focused on helping couples support each other while increasing healthy behaviors might improve dyadic functioning postpartum. This study presents secondary analyses of data regarding couple functioning from a larger randomized controlled trial with 348 Latino couples to promote smoking cessation. Portions of the intervention taught the couple communication and problem‐solving skills to increase healthy behavior. Couples participated in four face‐to‐face assessments across 1 year starting at the end of the first trimester. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that the treatment group reported an increase in relationship satisfaction and constructive communication after the intervention, which diminished by 1‐year follow‐up, returning couples to their baseline levels of satisfaction. Results suggest that incorporating a brief couple intervention as part of a larger health intervention for Latinos may prevent postpartum decreases in relationship satisfaction.
Neuroticism and Marital Satisfaction During the Early Years of Chinese Marriage: The Mediating Roles of Marital Attribution and Aggression
Authors: Cao Hongjian , Yuan Xiaojiao , Fine Mark , Zhou Nan , Fang Xiaoyi
Published: March 2018

On the basis of three annual waves of data obtained from 268 Chinese couples, we tested an actor–partner interdependence mediation model in which spouses’ neuroticism was linked to their own and partners’ marital satisfaction through both intrapersonal processes (i.e., marital attribution) and interpersonal processes (i.e., marital aggression). Considering intra‐ and interpersonal processes simultaneously, four indirect, mediating pathways were identified: Time 1 Wives’ Neuroticism → Time 2 Wives’ Attribution or Aggression, while controlling for Time 1 Wives’ Attribution or Aggression → Time 3 Wives’ or Husbands’ Marital Satisfaction, while controlling for Time 1 Wives’ or Husbands’ Marital Satisfaction. This study not only adds to a limited body of research examining why neuroticism is associated with conjugal well‐being, but also extends prior research by focusing on Chinese couples and utilizing a longitudinal, dyadic mediation model. Such findings have important practical implications. Couples involving neurotic partners may benefit from interventions based on cognitive‐behavioral approaches. When working with couples challenged by neuroticism, practitioners need to help them address dysfunctional interactive patterns as well as distorted cognitive styles.
Adolescent Mothers' Experiences Over Time
Authors: Sheeran Nicola , Jones Liz , Rowe Jen , McDonald Hana
Published: March 2018

Objective

To examine patterns and trajectories for Australian adolescent mothers as they transition into adulthood.

Background

Adolescent mothers have diverse outcomes; some experience multiple negative outcomes for themselves and their children, and others prosper. Little is known about the experience over time for adolescent mothers and what factors affect their trajectories.

Method

Three exemplar women's stories are presented as case studies, showcasing themes identified from in‐depth interviews conducted with 10 women who gave birth as adolescents. Interviews were conducted at the time of infant birth, as well as 3 months, 12 months, and 5 years later.

Results

Two themes emerged that captured the nuanced experiences of these adolescent mothers: stability to chaos and I've grown, but I can't reach the stars. Stability in the areas of family, relationships, geography, and planning/routine were related to whether young women had sufficient resources to focus on their own growth.

Conclusion

An adolescent mother's functioning is related to the extent to which she experiences stability across a number of key domains, which in turn act to limit or enable growth and development.

Implications

Adolescent mothers are a heterogeneous group. Targeted assessments and interventions are needed that address disadvantage and promote stability.
Youth Perspectives on Sexuality Communication With Parents and Extended Family
Authors: Grossman Jennifer M. , Richer Amanda M. , Charmaraman Linda , Ceder Ineke , Erkut Sumru
Published: March 2018

Objective

To explore extended‐family sexuality communication and compare it with parent sexuality communication.

Background

Family communication about sex can protect teens from sexual risk behavior. However, most studies on this topic focus exclusively on the parent–teen dyad; few capture the broader context of teens' family communication.

Method

Using a mixed‐methods approach, a convenience sample of 22 teens from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds were interviewed. Participants were asked to identify family members with whom they talk about sex and relationships, topics discussed, messages shared, and the teens' comfort talking about sex and relationships. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants' shared meanings and experiences.

Results

Eighty‐six percent of teens reported talking with both parents and extended family about sex. Teens were more likely to report that parents than extended family shared messages about delaying sex and avoiding teen pregnancy and gave advice or shared information about sex. Teens were more likely to view extended family than parents as easy to talk with and as having shared life experiences, and some reported avoiding talk with parents about issues related to sexuality due to feeling awkward or fearing a negative reaction.

Conclusion

Extended family may play a somewhat different role than parents in teens' sexuality communication, but family members showed a largely common set of family values.

Implications

Extended family may be a valuable teen resource for sexuality communication, particularly when teens feel uncomfortable talking with parents.
Arf1 regulates the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) in a reactive oxygen species‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yu Qilin , Huo Da , Li Jianrong , Liang Chao , Li Hongyue , Yi Xiao , Xiao Chenpeng , Zhang Dan , Li Mingchun
Published: March 2018

The Arf family of small GTP‐binding and ‐hydrolyzing proteins are some of the most important intracellular regulators of membrane dynamics. In this study, we identified the Golgi‐localized Arf family G protein Arf1 in Candida albicans and confirmed its conserved function in regulating the secretory pathway. Interestingly, deletion of ARF1 resulted in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and induced formation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES). Moreover, N‐acetylcysteine‐mediated ROS scavenging in the arf1Δ/Δ strain attenuated ERMES formation, indicating that intracellular ROS accumulation resulting from ARF1 deletion facilitated ERMES formation. In addition, Arf1 regulated many key physiological processes in C. albicans, including cell cycle progression, morphogenesis and virulence. This study uncovers a role for Arf family G proteins in regulating ERMES formation and sheds new light on the crucial contribution of ROS to membrane dynamics.
Metabolic reprogramming of host cells upon bacterial infection: Why shift to a Warburg‐like metabolism?
Authors: Escoll Pedro , Buchrieser Carmen
Published: March 2018

The finding that the Warburg effect observed in proliferating cancer cells is also observed during immune responses renewed the interest in the study of metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, a field of investigation called immunometabolism. However, the specific mechanisms and processes underlying metabolic changes of host cells upon bacterial infection remain poorly understood. Several recent reports have reported that mammalian cells infected with intracellular bacteria have an altered metabolism that resembles the Warburg effect seen in cancer cells. In this Review, we will summarize current knowledge on metabolic reprogramming and discuss putative causes underlying the preferential remodelling of host cells to Warburg‐like metabolic programs during infection by intracellular bacteria.
Ace1 prevents intracellular copper accumulation by regulating Fet3 expression and thereby restricting Aft1 activity
Authors: Gaspar‐Cordeiro Ana , Marques Caetano Soraia , Amaral Catarina , Rodrigues‐Pousada Claudina , Pimentel Catarina
Published: March 2018

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aft1, the low iron‐sensing transcription factor is known to regulate the expression of the FET3 gene. However, we found that a strain‐lacking FET3 is more sensitive to copper excess than a strain‐lacking AFT1, and accordingly, FET3 expression is not fully compromised in the latter. These findings suggest that, under such conditions, another regulator comes into play and controls FET3 expression. In this work, we identify Ace1, the regulator of copper detoxification genes, as a regulator of FET3. We suggest that the activation of FET3 by Ace1 prevents the hyper activation of Aft1, possibly by assuring the adequate functioning of mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis. While reinforcing the link between iron and copper homeostasis, this work unveils a novel protection mechanism against copper toxicity mediated by Ace1, which relies in the activation of FET3 and results in the restriction of Aft1 activity as a means to prevent excessive copper accumulation.
Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current
Authors: Tolimieri N. , Haltuch M. A. , Lee Q. , Jacox M. G. , Bograd S. J.
Published: March 2018

Oceanographic processes and ecological interactions can strongly influence recruitment success in marine fishes. Here, we develop an environmental index of sablefish recruitment with the goal of elucidating recruitment‐environment relationships and informing stock assessment. We start with a conceptual life‐history model for sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria on the US west coast to generate stage‐ and spatio‐temporally‐specific hypotheses regarding the oceanographic and biological variables likely influencing sablefish recruitment. Our model includes seven stages from pre‐spawn female condition through benthic recruitment (age‐0 fish) for the northern portion of the west coast U.S. sablefish stock (40°N–50°N). We then fit linear models and use model comparison to select predictors. We use residuals from the stock‐recruitment relationship in the 2015 sablefish assessment as the dependent variable (thus removing the effect of spawning stock biomass). Predictor variables were drawn primarily from ROMS model outputs for the California Current Ecosystem. We also include indices of prey and predator abundance and freshwater input. Five variables explained 57% of the variation in recruitment not accounted for by the stock‐recruitment relationship in the sablefish assessment. Recruitment deviations were positively correlated with (i) colder conditions during the spawner preconditioning period, (ii) warmer water temperatures during the egg stage, (iii) stronger cross‐shelf transport to near‐shore nursery habitats during the egg stage, (iv) stronger long‐shore transport to the north during the yolk‐sac stage, and (v) cold surface water temperatures during the larval stage. This result suggests that multiple mechanisms likely affect sablefish recruitment at different points in their life history.
Microbial mechanisms of carbon priming effects revealed during the interaction of crop residue and nutrient inputs in contrasting soils
Authors: Fang Yunying , Nazaries Loïc , Singh Brajesh K. , Singh Bhupinder Pal
Published: March 2018

Agronomic practices such as crop residue return and additional nutrient supply are recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in arable farmlands. However, changes in the priming effect (PE) on native SOC mineralization in response to integrated inputs of residue and nutrients are not fully known. This knowledge gap along with a lack of understanding of microbial mechanisms hinders the ability to constrain models and to reduce the uncertainty to predict carbon (C) sequestration potential. Using a 13C‐labeled wheat residue, this 126‐day incubation study examined the dominant microbial mechanisms that underpin the PE response to inputs of wheat residue and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) in two contrasting soils. The residue input caused positive PE through “co‐metabolism,” supported by increased microbial biomass, C and nitrogen (N) extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), and gene abundance of certain microbial taxa (Eubacteria, β‐Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Fungi). The residue input could have induced nutrient limitation, causing an increase in the PE via “microbial nutrient mining” of native soil organic matter, as suggested by the low C‐to‐nutrient stoichiometry of EEAs. At the high residue, exogenous nutrient supply (cf. no‐nutrient) initially decreased positive PE by alleviating nutrient mining, which was supported by the low gene abundance of Eubacteria and Fungi. However, after an initial decrease in PE at the high residue with nutrients, the PE increased to the same magnitude as without nutrients over time. This suggests the dominance of “microbial stoichiometry decomposition,” supported by higher microbial biomass and EEAs, while Eubacteria and Fungi increased over time, at the high residue with nutrients cf. no‐nutrient in both soils. Our study provides novel evidence that different microbial mechanisms operate simultaneously depending on organic C and nutrient availability in a residue‐amended soil. Our results have consequences for SOC modeling and integrated nutrient management employed to increase SOC in arable farmlands.
Trade‐offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity
Authors: Roopsind Anand , Caughlin T. Trevor , van der Hout Peter , Arets Eric , Putz Francis E.
Published: March 2018

Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land‐use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced‐impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whetherRILwill maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities ofRIL(4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits fromRIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out‐of‐sampleR2values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks.
The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition
Authors: Johnson James , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth , Carnicelli Stefano , Cecchini Guia , Clarke Nicholas , Cools Nathalie , Hansen Karin , Meesenburg Henning , Nieminen Tiina M. , Pihl‐Karlsson Gunilla , Titeux Hugues , Vanguelova Elena , Verstraeten Arne , Vesterdal Lars , Waldner Peter , Jonard Mathieu
Published: March 2018

Acid deposition arising from sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and agriculture has contributed to the acidification of terrestrial ecosystems in many regions globally. However, in Europe and North America, S deposition has greatly decreased in recent decades due to emissions controls. In this study, we assessed the response of soil solution chemistry in mineral horizons of European forests to these changes. Trends in pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), major ions, total aluminium (Altot) and dissolved organic carbon were determined for the period 1995–2012. Plots with at least 10 years of observations from the ICP Forests monitoring network were used. Trends were assessed for the upper mineral soil (10–20 cm, 104 plots) and subsoil (40–80 cm, 162 plots). There was a large decrease in the concentration of sulphate () in soil solution; over a 10‐year period (2000–2010), decreased by 52% at 10–20 cm and 40% at 40–80 cm. Nitrate was unchanged at 10–20 cm but decreased at 40–80 cm. The decrease in acid anions was accompanied by a large and significant decrease in the concentration of the nutrient base cations: calcium, magnesium and potassium (Bc = Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+) and Altot over the entire dataset. The response of soil solution acidity was nonuniform. At 10–20 cm, ANC increased in acid‐sensitive soils (base saturation ≤10%) indicating a recovery, but ANC decreased in soils with base saturation >10%. At 40–80 cm, ANC remained unchanged in acid‐sensitive soils (base saturation ≤20%,  ≤ 4.5) and decreased in better‐buffered soils (base saturation >20%,  > 4.5). In addition, the molar ratio of Bc to Altot either did not change or decreased. The results suggest a long‐time lag between emission abatement and changes in soil solution acidity and underline the importance of long‐term monitoring in evaluating ecosystem response to decreases in deposition.