bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Note on the Chemistry of Dramamine
Authors: Cusic John W.
Published: October 2021

My communication "Note on the Chemistry of Dramamine" (
Science
, 1949, 109, 574) should have made it clear that the name "Dramamine" applies to the
salt
of β-dimethylaminoethyl benzohydryl ether with 8-clorotheophyllin. As it stands, the first sentence in the second paragraph of my note makes it appear that Dramamine is the ether alone, and that is incorrect.
Correction: The Validity of the Use of Tracers to Follow Chemical Reactions
Authors: Bigeleisen Jacob
Published: October 2021

A typographical error in Table 1 of my paper "The Validity of the Use of Tracers to Follow Chemical Reactions" (
Science
, 1949, 110, 14), under the entries for chlorine makes the estimated maximum ratios for the tracers Cl
36
and Cl
38
somewhat ambiguous. The stable isotopes should be written as Cl (natural abundance). The ratios were calculated for reactions with the tracers Cl
36
and Cl
38
in systems containing chlorine of natural isotopic abundance. Due attention has been given to the fact that the Cl
35
and Cl
37
will react at different rates.
Effect of Kinetin on
Paramecium caudatum
under Varying Culture Conditions
Authors: Guttman Ruth , Back Avigdor
Published: October 2021

When kinetin (1 mg/liter) is added to hay infusion medium, the generation time of
Paramecium caudatum
is shortened immediately upon transfer of the protozoa from stock to isolation culture. Kinetin is particularly effective when culture conditions are suboptimal, perhaps because it substitutes for or supplies some factor which becomes limiting after transfer.
Tumor-Inducing Factor in
Drosophila
Authors: Mitchell Herschel K.
Published: October 2021

Attempts to repeat experiments reported to demonstrate the existence of a tumor-inducing factor in the
tu-e
mutant of
Drosophila
were not successful.
New Class of Antihypertensive Agents
Authors: Rubin Alan A. , Roth Franklin E. , Winbury Martin M. , Topliss John G. , Sherlock Margaret H. , Sperber Nathan , Black Jack
Published: October 2021

Effective antihypertensive agents of the benzothiadiazine series, devoid of diuretic activity, are described. There follows a method of synthesis and a description of the pharmacological activity of one of these substances.
The Operon: On Its Third Anniversary
Authors: Stent Gunther S.
Published: October 2021

The 22 October issue presents the wildly improbable coincidence of containing both a letter about parapsychology and "spontaneous cases" (p. 436) and a "spontaneous case." For on page 463, as part of my comments on the 1965 Nobel Laureates in Medicine or Physiology, there appears the phrase "The operator 'loses'. . .," though what I had actually written was "The operator 'closes'...." Now since I happen to have some doubts about the validity of the operator concept, doubts that I certainly would not consciously have wished to introduce on this happy occasion [though I did voice them earlier in
Science
144, 816 (1964)], this strange error can be explained only as a Freudian slip by a member of the editorial staff of Science acting under the telekinetic influence of an author's psyche.
Speech: Behavior of Middle Ear Muscle during Stuttering
Authors: Shearer William M.
Published: October 2021

Behavior of the middle ear muscle during speaking was observed in five stutterers by means of the Zwislocki acoustic impedance bridge. Change in impedance did not always parallel precisely the changes in speech sound level. Impedance changed during the initiation and during the course of the stuttering block.
Rare Earths in European Shales: A Redetermination
Authors: Haskin Mary A. , Haskin Larry A.
Published: October 2021

The rare-earth elements in a composite of European shales originally analyzed by Minami in 1935 have been analyzed by neutron activation. The apparent europium deficiency and the differences in relative elemental abundances for the rare earths from American and Russian sediments, as inferred from the older values, are obviated.
Nucleotide Formation as a Determinant of 5-Fluorouracil Response in Mouse Leukemias
Authors: Kessel David , Hall Thomas C. , Wodinsky Isidore
Published: October 2021

Survival of mice bearing different transplantable leukemias and treated with 5-fluorouracil was compared with accumulation of drug nucleotides in vitro. There was significant correlation, suggesting that cellular capacity for conversion of the drug to nucleotides is a major determinant of inherent drug sensitivity of these leukemias.
Glucagon, Starvation, and the Induction of Liver Enzymes by Hydrocortisone
Authors: Greenagard Olga , Baker George T.
Published: October 2021

Glucagon selectively potentiates an effect of hydrocortisone: when injected into adrenalectoinized rats it increases fourfold the induction by hydrocortisone of tyrosine transaminase, but not of tryptophan pyrrolase. Glucagon alone doubles the basal level of tyrosine transaminase and decreases that of tryptophan pyrrolase. The effects of glucagon on both enzymes resemble those of starvation.
Oxygenation and Ion Transport in Red Cells
Authors: Benesch Reinhold , Benesch Ruth E.
Published: October 2021

Ion transport in red blood cells may depend on the binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) to deoxyhemoglobin.
Iodine Incorporated in Cell Constituents during Sensitization to Radiation by Iodoacetic Acid
Authors: Shenoy M. A. , Singh B. B. , Gopal-Ayengar A. R.
Published: October 2021

Iodine atoms are incorporated in bacterial membrane proteins when cells are irradiated in the presence of iodoacetic acid labeled with iodine-131. Such atoms are produced on reaction of iodoacetic acid with the gamma ray-induced hydroxyl radicals in the surrounding medium.
Stable Substoichiometric Cerium Oxide Formed in an Air Plasma
Authors: Gilman W. S. , Seabaugh P. W. , Sullenger D. B.
Published: October 2021

Cerium dioxide was reduced to a stable, substoichiometric monophase in an air plasma. This phase has been identified as CeO
1.94
by thermal gravimetric analysis. The existence of a stable, reduced phase of cerium oxide can be explained by interpretation of both theoretical and experimentally determined crystal data.
Cholesterol: Treadmill Activity Accelerates Oxidation in Rats
Authors: Malinow Manuel R. , McLaughlin Phyllis , Perley Anne
Published: October 2021

Cholesterol-26-
14
C was injected intravenously into male and female rats of two different strains. Recovery of radioactivity from the expired air was increased by treadmill activity.
Continental Shelf: Scramble for Federal Oil-Lease Revenues
Authors: Carter Luther J.
Published: October 2021

In the article "Continental shelf: Scramble for federal oil-lease revenues" of 28 June (p. 1431), the fourth line of the second paragraph should read "federal and state outdoor recreation. . . ."
Postpartum Psychiatric Reactions: Time of Onset and Sex Ratio of Newborns
Authors: Melges Frederick T.
Published: October 2021

There is no predominance of male infants born to women who develop schizophrenic symptoms within 1 month after delivery. Moreover, there is no difference in the sex ratio of infants born to schizophrenic women whose onset of symptoms occurred within the first 10 days postpartum, which is the period of rapid hormonal changes that is most likely to reflect postnatal influences of fetal sex.
Correction
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , MacPherson Catherine F. C.
Published: October 2021

IN a revision of the proof a serious omission was made in the inadvertent dropping of "and 1 ml. of 0.1% CuSO
4
⋅ 5H
2
O solution" after "Aliquots of 2.0 ml are mixed with 6 ml of clear 12.5 per cent Na
2
CO
3
solution" on p. 405. Addition of copper is essential in enhancing the sensitivity of the Folin reagent, as already noted by others.
Cu-Site Disorder in CuAl2O4 as Studied by XPS Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhidkov I. S. , Belik A. A. , Kukharenko A. I. , Cholakh S. O. , Taran L. S. , Fujimori A. , Streltsov S. V. , Kurmaev E. Z.
Published: October 2021

The results of full study of X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of spin-liquid candidate CuAl2O4 including the measurements of high-energy resolved core level (Cu $$2p$$, Al $$3p$$, O $$1s$$), Cu LMM Auger and valence band spectra are presented. The comparison of obtained results with spectra of reference samples and specially performed density functional theory calculations has confirmed a finite Cu site-disorder in CuAl2O4, where about 30% of Cu2+ ions occupy the octahedral sites. Obtained valence band spectra can be used in further theoretical studies aimed on the investigation of electronic and magnetic properties of this mysterious ma-terial.
Acute Inhalation Injury
Authors: Hampton Trevor R. W.
Published: October 2021

A group of casualties from a major conflagration was exposed only to the inhalation of fire smoke and not to burning. The resulting respiratory syndrome was clinically identical to that repeatedly reported in fire victims and often attributed to respiratory burns. Clinical and experimental evidence is reviewed suggesting that thermal burns of the respiratory tract are unlikely to be encountered clinically, but that there is a common syndrome of acute respiratory injury from inhaled irritants, whose management demands the urgent use of steroids.
Royal Naval Dockyards Asbestosis Research Project – Survey of Registered Asbestos Workers
Authors: Harries P. G. , Lumley K. P. S.
Published: October 2021

A Register of Asbestos Workers was set up in each Royal Naval Dockyard in 1969 to ensure that the health of those who worked with asbestos was medically supervised at regular intervals.

The examination of this group of workers showed that radiographic, clinical, and lung function abnormalities associated with exposure to asbestos only occurred in the older men who had been exposed before the introduction of strict protective measures.

The results obtained wilt form a valuable base line for the future assessment of these workers.
‘Mali Matters’: reflections on a leadership and quality improvement project to improve blood transfusion safety at Maluti Adventist Hospital, Mapoteng, Lesotho
Authors: Snead Charlotte M , Upton Rebecca J , Ranaivoarijaona Gilbert S V N , Luthango Ellen
Published: October 2021

Introduction

This report outlines a quality improvement (QI) project aiming to improve blood transfusion safety at Maluti Adventist Hospital (MAH), Lesotho, from August 2019 to January 2020.

The project team comprised nine local staff members and two UK doctors working through the NHS ‘Improving Global Health through Leadership Development’ (IGH) programme.

Methods

Baseline data was gathered and a ‘process mapping’ meeting held to understand existing processes and identify methods for improvement.

Improvements were implemented using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology.

The NHS Healthcare Leadership Model was used as a framework for leadership development and team members reflected on their personal learning.

Results

Varied interventions included introduction of a pre-transfusion bedside safety checklist and staff training.

Documentation of critical patient identifiers for transfusion improved. Completion of the bedside safety checklist was 65.5% by 3 months. Knowledge scores improved post-transfusion training. 77% of staff strongly agreed and 21% agreed that the training was useful.

Challenges and further work were reflected on.

Discussion

This collaborative system-strengthening project provided varied, reciprocal learning experiences including skills in leadership, teamwork, teaching, QI methodology, communication and IT.

Our experiences will help to inform ongoing work at MAH and may be helpful to others conducting similar work in related settings.
DYNAMICS OF CRIME TRANSMISSION USING FRACTIONAL-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: BANSAL KOMAL , ARORA SUGANDHA , PRITAM KOCHERLAKOTA SATYA , MATHUR TRILOK , AGARWAL SHIVI
Published: October 2021

Due to the alarming rise in types of crime committed and the number of criminal activities across the world, there is a great need to amend the existing policies and models adopted by jurisdictional institutes. The majority of the mathematical models have not included the history of the crime committed by the individual, which is vital to control crime transmission in stipulated time. Further, due to various external factors and policies, a considerable number of criminals have not been imprisoned. To address the aforementioned issues prevailing in society, this research proposes a fractional-order crime transmission model by categorizing the existing population into four clusters. These clusters include law-abiding citizens, criminally active individuals who have not been imprisoned, prisoners, and prisoners who completed the prison tenure. The well-posedness and stability of the proposed fractional model are discussed in this work. Furthermore, the proposed model is extended to the delayed model by introducing the time-delay coefficient as time lag occurs between the individual’s offense and the judgment. The endemic equilibrium of the delayed model is locally asymptotically stable up to a certain extent, after which bifurcation occurs.
Machine Learning for Automated Industrial IoT Attack Detection: An Efficiency-Complexity Trade-off
Authors: Chakraborty Saurav , Onuchowska Agnieszka , Samtani Sagar , Jank Wolfgang , Wolfram Brandon
Published: October 2021

Critical city infrastructures that depend on smart Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) devices have been increasingly becoming a target of cyberterrorist or hacker attacks. Although this has led to multiple studies in the recent past, there exists a paucity of literature concerning real-time Industrial IoT attack detection. The goal of this article is to build a machine-learning approach using Industrial IoT sensor readings for accurately tracking down Industrial IoT attacks in real time. We analyze IoT system behavior under a lab-controlled series of attacks on a Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) system. The system is analytically challenging in that it results in sensor readings that resemble waveforms. To that end, we develop a novel early detection method using functional shape analysis (FSA) to extract features from the data that can capture the profile of the waveform. Our results show an efficiency-complexity trade-off between functional and non-functional methods in predicting IoT attacks.
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Tristable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on the Modified Model
Authors: Man Dawei , Xu Deheng , Kuang Xingchen , Kang Xiaofang , Xu Qinghu , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2021

Taking into account the gravitational potential energy of the piezoelectric energy harvester, the size effect, and the rotary inertia of tip magnet, a more accurate distributed parametric electromechanical coupling equation of tristable cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester is established by using the generalized Hamilton variational principle. The effects of magnet spacing, the mass of tip magnet, the thickness ratio of piezoelectric layer and substrate, and the load resistance and piezoelectric material on the performance of piezoelectric energy capture system are studied by using multiscale method. The results show that the potential well depth can be changed by reasonably adjusting the magnet spacing, so as to improve the energy capture efficiency of the system. Increasing the mass of tip magnet can enhance the output power and frequency bandwidth of the interwell motion. When the thickness of the piezoelectric beam remains unchanged, the optimal load impedance of the system increases along with the increase of thickness ratio of piezoelectric layer and substrate. Compared with the traditional model, which neglects the system gravitational potential energy, the eccentricity, and the rotary inertia of the tip magnet, the calculation results of the frequency bandwidth and the peak power of the modified model have significantly increased.
Trend of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Ethiopian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2000-2018)
Authors: Alemu Getaneh , Mekonnen Feleke , Nega Mezgebu , Muluneh Chalachew
Published: October 2021

Background. Ethiopia is one of the tropical countries with a heavy burden of soil-transmitted helminths. As a result, the nation has been implementing mass drug administration, water, sanitation, and hygiene and health extension programs to control those parasites. Hence, updated data about the prevalence and trend of parasites over time has a pivotal role to assess the success of existing control programs. Methods. Studies conducted between 2000 and 2018 were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and local journals for systematic reviews and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline and checklists. Eligible studies were selected based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale in meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran

Q

test and

I

2

test statistics based on the random effect model. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA 2.0) was used to calculate the pooled prevalence, and metaregression was run to assess the trend of parasite prevalence over time. Results. Thirty-eight studies recruiting 16,266 participants were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites was 52.0% (95% CI: 44.4-59.5). Amhara region was with the highest prevalence (60.3%; 95% CI: 50.1-69.6). Among soil-transmitted helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.4-14.8) was with the highest pooled prevalence followed by hookworms (10.4%; 95% CI: 7.9-13.7) and Trichuris trichiura (3.6%; 95% CI: 2.4-5.4). Metaregression analysis revealed that all soil-transmitted helminths did not show a significantly decreasing trend over time (

p
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Despite various control efforts having been made, soil-transmitted helminths are of high distribution, and their prevalence is not significantly decreasing in Ethiopia. Hence, other control approaches like community-led sanitation should be integrated with mass drug administration to achieve the national goal of soil-transmitted helminth elimination by 2025.
Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome Caused by Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in a Pediatric Patient and Review of the Literature
Authors: Daghmouri Mohamed Aziz , Ouesleti Maroua , Touati Mohamed Amine , Faten Olfa , Zakhama Sameh , Rebai Lotfi
Published: October 2021

Background. Following acute traumatic brain injury, cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome is considered as an important cause of hyponatremia apart from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Differentiation between the two syndromes is crucial for the initiation of an adequate treatment. Case Presentation. We report a 15-year-old female adolescent, admitted to intensive care for acute severe traumatic brain injury. During his hospitalization, she developed a hyponatremia with an increase of urine output and hypovolemia. So, the most probable diagnosis was CSW. Initially, she was treated by hypertonic saline and volume expansion. However, his sodium level continued to fall despite infusion of hypertonic saline. That is why fludrocortisone was introduced initially at 50 μg/day then increased to 150 μg/day. Fludrocortisone was continued for the next months. Serum sodium level was 138 mmol/L after one month of treatment. Conclusion. Hyponatremia may occur after severe traumatic brain injury that is why an adequate treatment initiated on time is necessary in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Effect of Vitamin D3 in combination with Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on NETosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Basyreva Liliya Yu. , Vakhrusheva Tatyana V. , Letkeman Zoya V. , Maximov Dmitry I. , Fedorova Evgeniya A. , Panasenko Оleg M. , Ostrovsky Evgeny M. , Gusev Sergey A.
Published: October 2021

An understanding of the consequences of oxidative/halogenative stress triggered by neutrophil activation is impossible without considering NETosis. NETosis, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is known to promote microthrombus formation and impair wound healing in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Therefore, there is a need to search for drugs and treatment approaches that could prevent excessive NET formation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 in combination with omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin D3/omega‐3 PUFAs) on NETosis in T2DM patients with purulent necrotizing lesions of the lower extremities. Patients and healthy subjects had vitamin D3 deficiency. Patients received, beyond standard treatment, 6000 IU of vitamin D3 and 480 mg of omega‐3 PUFAs, and healthy subjects 1000 IU of vitamin D3 and 240 mg of omega‐3 PUFAs daily for seven days. Neutrophil activation in ex vivo blood by phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) was used as a NETosis model. The percentage of blood NETs relative to leukocytes (NETbackground) before vitamin D3/omega‐3 PUFA supplementation was 3.2%‐4.9% in healthy subjects and 1.7%‐10.8% in patients. These values rose, respectively, to 7.7%‐9.1% and 4.0%‐17.9% upon PMA‐induced NETosis. In addition, the leukocyte count decreased by 700‐1300 per 1 μL in healthy subjects and 700‐4000 per 1 μL in patients. For both patients and healthy subjects, taking vitamin D3/omega‐3 PUFAs had no effect on NETbackground but completely inhibited PMA‐induced NET formation, though neutrophils exhibited morphological features of activation. Also, leukocyte loss was reduced (to 500 per 1 μL). For patients on standard treatment alone, changes occurred neither in background NETs and leukocytes nor in their amount after PMA stimulation. The decreased ability of neutrophils to generate NETs, which can be achieved by vitamin D3/omega‐3 PUFA supplementation, could have a positive effect on wound healing in T2DM patients and reduce the incidence and severity of complications.
Activation of Notch and Myc Signaling via B-cell–Restricted Depletion of Dnmt3a Generates a Consistent Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Biran Anat , Yin Shanye , Kretzmer Helene , ten Hacken Elisa , Parvin Salma , Lucas Fabienne , Uduman Mohamed , Gutierrez Catherine , Dangle Nathan , Billington Leah , Regis Fara Faye , Rassenti Laura Z. , Mohammad Arman , Hoffmann Gabriela Brunsting , Stevenson Kristen , Zheng Mei , Witten Elizabeth , Fernandes Stacey M. , Tausch Eugen , Sun Clare , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Brown Jennifer R. , Kipps Thomas J. , Aster John C. , Gnirke Andreas , Neuberg Donna S. , Letai Anthony , Wang Lili , Carrasco Ruben D. , Meissner Alexander , Wu Catherine J.
Published: October 2021

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by disordered DNA methylation, suggesting these epigenetic changes might play a critical role in disease onset and progression. The methyltransferase DNMT3A is a key regulator of DNA methylation. Although DNMT3A somatic mutations in CLL are rare, we found that low DNMT3A expression is associated with more aggressive disease. A conditional knockout mouse model showed that homozygous depletion of Dnmt3a from B cells results in the development of CLL with 100% penetrance at a median age of onset of 5.3 months, and heterozygous Dnmt3a depletion yields a disease penetrance of 89% with a median onset at 18.5 months, confirming its role as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. B1a cells were confirmed as the cell of origin of disease in this model, and Dnmt3a depletion resulted in focal hypomethylation and activation of Notch and Myc signaling. Amplification of chromosome 15 containing the Myc gene was detected in all CLL mice tested, and infiltration of high-Myc–expressing CLL cells in the spleen was observed. Notably, hyperactivation of Notch and Myc signaling was exclusively observed in the Dnmt3a CLL mice, but not in three other CLL mouse models tested (Sf3b1-Atm, Ikzf3, and MDR), and Dnmt3a-depleted CLL were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these findings, human CLL samples with lower DNMT3A expression were more sensitive to Notch inhibition than those with higher DNMT3A expression. Altogether, these results suggest that Dnmt3a depletion induces CLL that is highly dependent on activation of Notch and Myc signaling.

Significance:

Loss of DNMT3A expression is a driving event in CLL and is associated with aggressive disease, activation of Notch and Myc signaling, and enhanced sensitivity to Notch inhibition.
LRP1B Expression as a Putative Predictor of Response to Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Treatment in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dionísio de Sousa Isabel J. , Cunha Ana Isabel , Saraiva Inês A. , Portugal Raquel V. , Gimba Etel R.P. , Guimarães Marcos , Prazeres Hugo , Lopes José M. , Soares Paula , Lima Raquel T.
Published: October 2021

Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is among the most active therapies for recurrent/progressive ovarian cancer (OC). Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) is one of the 10 most significantly deleted genes in human cancers. It mediates endocytosis of several factors from the cellular environment including liposomes. Although the LRP1B role in cancer has not been fully disclosed, its contribution to resistance to liposomal therapies has been hypothesized. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LRP1B protein as a possible marker of response to PLD in patients with OC. Methods: LRP1B expression and response to PLD were analyzed in OC cell lines by qRT-PCR and PrestoBlue viability assay, respectively. LRP1B protein expression was evaluated for the first time, in tumor samples from PLD-treated patients and controls (other chemotherapies) by immunohistochemistry. Association of LRP1B staining score (determined based on intensity and percentage of positively stained cells) with clinicopathological features, response to therapy and survival outcomes was evaluated. Results: OC cells with increased expression of LRP1B were more sensitive to PLD. LRP1B staining score was associated with clinicopathological features, response to therapy, and survival outcomes. Higher LRP1B levels were associated with prolonged progression-free survival. This association was more evident in patients treated with PLD and in responders to PLD. Conclusion: Our results support a possible role of LRP1B as a predictor of response to PLD in patients with OC.
A Rare Cause of Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome and Immunodeficiency
Authors: Al-Doory Sura Ahmed , Abdalqader Amal Mahmoud , Mir Fatima Farid , Saleh Shafeeka Mohammed , Radaideh Mahmoud Ahmed , Al Sabbah Mohammed Ali
Published: October 2021

A 6-week-old boy presented to our hospital with upper respiratory tract infection and severe anemia on routine blood tests. The child underwent extensive investigations with bone marrow aspiration revealing pancytopenia and immune screening with B-cell deficiency. Whole-exome sequencing consolidated the disease process as secondary to MYSM-1 homozygous gene mutation. Bone marrow transplant was performed at the age of 1 year with a fully matched sibling donor. Posttransplant cell counts and immune status normalized allowing the child a normal healthy life thereafter.
Comperative analysis of accuracy between low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging for the evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataracts
Authors: Wu Bin , Yuan Xiaoyong , Chen Song
Published: October 2021

Background

To compare the accuracy of low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (LFUBM) and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging (14-MHz + THI) in the assessment of posterior capsule (PC) integrity in patients with traumatic cataracts (TCs).

Methods

From January 2019 to October 2020, 51 patients (51 eyes) with TCs who were scheduled for cataract extraction and for whom the PC of the lens could not be observed by the slit lamp visited Tianjin Eye Hospital, including 47 patients (47 eyes) with a penetrating injury of the eyeball and 4 patients (4 eyes) with a blunt injury of the eyeball. All eyes underwent LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI examinations before cataract extraction to determine the integrity of the PC. The integrity of the PC observed in surgery was the actual findings, and the consistency between the 2 methods was assessed in terms of the preoperative examination and intraoperative findings. Fisher’s exact test was used for consistency analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty-two eyes with ruptured PCs and 19 eyes with intact PCs were actual findings in surgery. Thirty eyes with ruptured PCs and 21 eyes with intact PCs were examined by LFUBM. Thirty-two eyes with ruptured PCs and 19 eyes with intact PCs were examined by 14-MHz + THI. There were no significant differences between the 2 methods and the intraoperative findings (P = 0.293 LFUBM, P = 0.623 14-MHz + THI). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI were 91 and 94%, 95 and 89%, 97 and 94%, 86 and 89% and 92 and 92%, respectively.

Conclusions

Both LFUBM and 14-MHz + THI were proved to have high levels sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the status of the PC in TC and they can be used as accurate diagnostic tool in these cases.
Racial/ethnic and educational inequities in restrictive abortion policy variation and adverse birth outcomes in the United States
Authors: Redd Sara K. , Rice Whitney S. , Aswani Monica S. , Blake Sarah , Julian Zoë , Sen Bisakha , Wingate Martha , Hall Kelli Stidham
Published: October 2021

Background

To examine racial/ethnic and educational inequities in the relationship between state-level restrictive abortion policies and adverse birth outcomes from 2005 to 2015 in the United States.

Methods

Using a state-level abortion restrictiveness index comprised of 18 restrictive abortion policies, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis examining whether race/ethnicity and education level moderated the relationship between the restrictiveness index and individual-level probabilities of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW). Data were obtained from the 2005–2015 National Center for Health Statistics Period Linked Live Birth-Infant Death Files and analyzed with linear probability models adjusted for individual- and state-level characteristics and state and year fixed-effects.

Results

Among 2,250,000 live births, 269,253 (12.0%) were PTBs and 182,960 (8.1%) were LBW. On average, states had approximately seven restrictive abortion policies enacted from 2005 to 2015. Black individuals experienced increased probability of PTB with additional exposure to restrictive abortion policies compared to non-Black individuals. Similarly, those with less than a college degree experienced increased probability of LBW with additional exposure to restrictive abortion policies compared to college graduates. For all analyses, inequities worsened as state environments grew increasingly restrictive.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate that Black individuals at all educational levels and those with fewer years of education disproportionately experienced adverse birth outcomes associated with restrictive abortion policies. Restrictive abortion policies may compound existing racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and intersecting racial/ethnic and socioeconomic perinatal and infant health inequities.
Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model and Large Urban Academic Centers: Future Implications for Patients and Providers
Authors: Pendyala Praveen , Goglia Alexander G. , Young Ronald , Suh John H. , Ennis Ronald D.
Published: October 2021

The radiation oncology alternative payment model (RO-APM) was developed by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, a part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, as a vehicle to optimize value for patients undergoing radiation therapy. By shifting reimbursement away from fee-for-service and toward a prospective bundled payment system, the RO-APM is intended to bend the cost curve in radiation oncology while preserving or even enhancing outcomes. As with prior large-scale policy initiatives, the nature and magnitude of the RO-APM's impact on care delivery will vary substantially depending on a host of local factors, including practice setting. Urban academic centers play a key role in radiation oncology by spearheading innovation, managing the most complicated cases, training the next generation of radiation oncologists, and often caring for vulnerable patient populations. Thus, to protect patients' access to this high-quality cancer care, it will be crucial to characterize the RO-APM's projected impact on large urban academic institutions before its implementation, including possible unintended adverse consequences. Here, we provide an overview of this seismic change in radiation oncology reimbursement and discuss its unique potential implications for large urban academic institutions as a means to facilitate necessary preparations and inform future revisions to the model.
Outcomes of Combined Peritoneal and Local Treatment for Patients with Peritoneal and Limited Liver Metastases of Colorectal Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Polderdijk Margot C. E. , Brouwer Max , Haverkamp Leonie , Ziesemer Kirsten A. , Tenhagen Mark , Boerma Djamila , Kok Niels F. M. , Versteeg Kathelijn S. , Sommeijer Dirkje W. , Tanis Pieter J. , Tuynman Jurriaan B.
Published: October 2021

Background

Almost half of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will experience metastases at some point, and in the majority of cases, multiple organs will be involved. If the peritoneum is involved in addition to the liver, the current guideline-driven treatment options are limited. The reported overall survival ranges from 6 to 13 months for the current standard of care (systemic treatment). This study aimed to evaluate morbidity and clinical long-term outcomes from a combined local treatment of hepatic metastases with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) used to treat peritoneal metastases.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Studies evaluating the clinicopathologic data of patients who had both peritoneal and hepatic metastases treated with CRS-HIPEC were included provided sufficient data on the primary outcomes (overall and disease-free survival) were presented. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS).

Results

Patients treated for peritoneal and liver metastases (PMLM group) had a pooled mean survival of 26.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.4–30.4 months), with a 3-year survival rate of 34% (95% CI 26.7–42.0%) and a 5-year survival rate of 25% (95% CI 17.3–33.8%). Surgical complications occurred more frequently for these patients than for those with peritoneal metastasis only (40% vs 22%; p = 0.0014), but the mortality and reoperation rates did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

This systematic review showed that CRS and HIPEC combined with local treatment of limited liver metastasis for selected patients is feasible, although with increased morbidity and an association with a long-term survival rate of 25%, which is unlikely to be achievable with systemic treatment only.
Działalność propagandowa polskiego podziemia na Wileńszczyźnie w świetle zbiorów „bernardyńskich”
Authors: Bożerocki Tomasz
Published: October 2021

PROPAGANDA ACTIVITY OF THE POLISH SECRET STATE IN THE VILNIUS REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “BERNARDINE” COLLECTIONS FROM THE YEARS 1939-1944 The so-called “Bernardine” Archives of the Home Army found in February 1995 in the Vilnius church of St. Francis of Assisi (Bernardine church) are an interesting source for the analysis of activities of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army Vilnius District. The circumstances of finding the documents and their transfer to the state archives are also interesting. They were stolen and later transferred to the archives. The whole case was of particular interest to the Department of State Security. The documents that make up the “Bernardine” collection describe in detail the propaganda activity of the BIP [Bureau for Information and Propaganda] in the Vilnius District of the Home Army. Propaganda activity can be classified into several levels, according to its impact, its methods and effects. Low (micro) level propaganda is not very effective. At the micro level, momentary feelings are evoked in the recipient by one-off prints or short-term manifestations. Meso-level propaganda is of regular character. At this stage, the communicated content is prepared by specialists working in the institution responsible for the consistency of the communicated content and its dissemination. Large-scale propaganda activities can be described as propaganda at the macro level, aiming to change the behaviour of society. Propaganda at this level can be described as total propaganda. Here, messages are broadcast by various media and various institutions. This type of categorisation of propaganda makes it easier to present the communication and information activities of the Polish resistance movement. The article describes in detail the circumstances of finding, theft and return of Home Army documents. Using the example of the “Bernardine” collection, the ideas of the Polish-Lithuanian federation that appeared in the announcements of the Home Army BIP of the Vilnius District are analysed in detail. Two types of communication dominate in the analysed documents of the “Bernardine” collections. The first is “federalist” communication, according to which both states and nations would have equal rights and influence. The second one, based on the notion of “incorporation” assumes that Lithuania was to become an integral part of post-war Poland, but with ensuring cultural autonomy for Lithuanians.
Generalized polarization transformations with metasurfaces
Authors: Zaidi Aun , Rubin Noah A. , Dorrah Ahmed H. , Park Joon-Suh , Capasso Federico
Published: October 2021

Metasurfaces are arrays of sub-wavelength spaced nanostructures, which can be designed to control the many degrees-of-freedom of light on an unprecedented scale. In this work, we design meta-gratings where the diffraction orders can perform general, arbitrarily specified, polarization transformation without any reliance on conventional polarization components, such as waveplates and polarizers. We use matrix Fourier optics to design our devices and introduce a novel approach for their optimization. We implement the designs using form-birefringent metasurfaces and quantify their behavior – retardance and diattenuation. Our work is of importance in applications, such as polarization abberation correction in imaging systems, and in experiments requiring novel and compact polarization detection and control.
Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
Authors: Yu Zhenzhong , Streng Christian , Seibeld Ramon F. , Igbalajobi Olumuyiwa A. , Leister Kai , Ingelfinger Julian , Fischer Reinhard
Published: October 2021

Fungi sense light of different wavelengths using blue-, green-, and red-light photoreceptors. Blue light sensing requires the “white-collar” proteins with flavin as chromophore, and red light is sensed through phytochrome. Here we analyzed genome-wide gene expression changes caused by short-term, low-light intensity illumination with blue-, red- or far-red light in Aspergillus nidulans and found that more than 1100 genes were differentially regulated. The largest number of up- and downregulated genes depended on the phytochrome FphA and the attached HOG pathway. FphA and the white-collar orthologue LreA fulfill activating but also repressing functions under all light conditions and both appear to have roles in the dark. Additionally, we found about 100 genes, which are red-light induced in the absence of phytochrome, suggesting alternative red-light sensing systems. We also found blue-light induced genes in the absence of the blue-light receptor LreA. We present evidence that cryptochrome may be part of this regulatory cue, but that phytochrome is essential for the response. In addition to in vivo data showing that FphA is involved in blue-light sensing, we performed spectroscopy of purified phytochrome and show that it responds indeed to blue light.
Hypoxically cultured cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma increased their glucose metabolic activity under normoxic conditions
Authors: Shinohara Yuta , Washio Jumpei , Kobayashi Yuri , Abiko Yuki , Sasaki Keiichi , Takahashi Nobuhiro
Published: October 2021

Objective

The oxygen concentration within cancer tissue is known to be low, but is expected to increase rapidly when oxygen is supplied by angiogenesis and hematogenous metastasis, suggesting that rapid increases in oxygen levels might influence cancer cell physiology. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oxygen concentration fluctuations on the glucose metabolism of cancer cells.

Methods

The glucose metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2 and HSC-3) and normal epithelial (HaCaT) cells cultured under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions was measured using a pH-stat system under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The acidic end-products and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by glucose metabolism were also measured.

Results

Under normoxic conditions, the metabolic activity of hypoxically cultured cancer cells was significantly increased, and the production of acids other than lactate was upregulated, while the normal cells did not respond to rapid increases in oxygen levels. ROS production was higher in normoxic conditions in all cells, especially the hypoxically cultured HSC-3 cells.

Conclusions

Rapid increases in oxygen levels might enhance the glucose metabolism of hypoxically cultured cancer cells by mainly activating the TCA cycle and electron transport system, which might activate cancer cells through the ATP and ROS generation.
Changes in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect the correlation between N, P and K but not the coupling of water-element in Haloxylon ammodendron
Authors: Chen Zixun , Liu Xuejun , Cui Xiaoqing , Han Yaowen , Wang Guoan
Published: October 2021

Global changes in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect the geochemical cycle of the element and its hydrological cycle in the ecosystem. It may also affect the relationship between plant water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrients, as well as the relationship between plant nutrients. Desert ecosystems are vulnerable to global changes.Haloxylon ammodendronis the dominant species in the Asian desert. Revealing the variations in these relationships inH.ammodendronwith precipitation and N deposition will enhance our understanding of the responses of plants to global change in terms of trade-off strategies of nutrient absorption, water and element geochemical cycles in desert ecosystems. Thus, we conducted field experiments with different amounts of water and N. This study showed that WUE ofH.ammodendronwas not correlated with nitrogen content (N), phosphorus content (P), and potassium content (K) when water and N supply were varied (p > 0.05 for WUE vs. N, P, and K), suggesting lack of coupling between water use and nutrient economics. This result was associated with the lack of correlation between plant nutrients and gas exchang inH.ammodendron. However, water addition, N addition and the interaction between both of them all played a role in the correlation between plant N, P and K owing to their different responses to water and N supplies. This indicates that global changes in precipitation and N deposition will affect N, P and K geochemical cycles in the Asian deserts dominated byH.ammodendron, and drive changes in the relationships between plant nutrients, resulting in changes in the trade-off strategy of plant absorption of N, P, and K.
Upregulation of a nuclear factor-kappa B-interacting immune gene network in mice cochleae with age-related hearing loss
Authors: Uraguchi Kensuke , Maeda Yukihide , Takahara Junko , Omichi Ryotaro , Fujimoto Shohei , Kariya Shin , Nishizaki Kazunori , Ando Mizuo
Published: October 2021

Epidemiological data suggest that inflammation and innate immunity play significant roles in the pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in humans. In this mouse study, real-time RT-PCR array targeting 84 immune-related genes revealed that the expressions of 40 genes (47.6%) were differentially regulated with greater than a twofold change in 12-month-old cochleae with ARHL relative to young control mice, 33 (39.3%) of which were upregulated. These differentially regulated genes (DEGs) were involved in functional pathways for cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, TNF signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling. An NF-κB subunit, Nfkb1, was upregulated in aged cochleae, and bioinformatic analyses predicted that NF-κB would interact with the genomic regulatory regions of eight upregulated DEGs, including Tnf and Ptgs2. In aging cochleae, major proinflammatory molecules, IL1B and IL18rap, were upregulated by 6 months of age and thereafter. Remarkable upregulations of seven immune-related genes (Casp1, IL18r1, IL1B, Card9, Clec4e, Ifit1, and Tlr9) occurred at an advanced stage (between 9 and 12 months of age) of ARHL. Immunohistochemistry analysis of cochlear sections from the 12-month-old mice indicated that IL-18r1 and IL-1B were localized to the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, and organ of Corti. The two NF-κB-interacting inflammatory molecules, TNFα and PTGS2, immunolocalized ubiquitously in cochlear structures, including the lateral wall (the stria vascularis and spiral ligament), in the histological sections of aged cochleae. IBA1-positive macrophages were observed in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament in aged mice. Therefore, inflammatory and immune reactions are modulated in aged cochlear tissues with ARHL.
Migration in the Mediterranean region: A response to crises and an emergency in its own right
Authors: Benassi Federico , Carella Maria , Heins Frank
Published: October 2021

Migration is an obvious response to political, economic, socio-demographic, and ecological crises. In recent decades, several crises have occurred in the Mediterranean region; consequently, migration has intensified, the geography of flows has been altered, and the roles of some countries within the Mediterranean migration system have rapidly changed. This paper aims to delineate an overview of migration flows in this region over the last 20 years, focusing on the new migration flows related to humanitarian crises. In doing so, the present study also examines similarities and differences between past and current migration factors that shape the decisions of individuals. Migration flows are closely linked to the needs and fears of European societies. Following this logic, and by analysing challenges related to demographic and geopolitical dimensions in the future scenario, this study discusses the necessity of new policy responses.
Implementação de ações educativas em saúde na sala de espera como estratégia para adesão de pacientes à vacinação em uma unidade básica de saúde
Authors: Monken Sonia Francisca de Paula , Pinheiro Jessica Lemos
Published: October 2021

A Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) é a porta de entrada aos usuários e também o centro de comunicação com toda a Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Na UBS são oferecidos diversos serviços em saúde, como por exemplo: O Programa Nacional de Imunizações, que contribui para a redução da morbidade e mortalidade. Ações de Educação em Saúde, são alternativas para empoderamento dos indivíduos sobre sua saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a contribuição de ações educativas para adesão à vacinação. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, realizado em uma UBS. As atividades foram realizadas na sala de espera com orientações em saúde sobre a importância da vacinação. Após intervenções propostas foram orientados 201 usuários e 80 doses de vacinas foram aplicadas. O presente trabalho apresentou resultados positivos, tanto para participação dos usuários nas atividades propostas quanto para a adesão dos orientados a realizarem à imunização.