bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and In vitro Antitrypanosomal Activity of the Methanolic Leaves Extract of Ficus exasperata
Authors: Mikail H. G , Hussain G
Published: October 2021

Trypanosomosis is one of the tropical diseases in which new and better drugs are needed. Effective treatment for African trypanosomosis is beset with problems of drug resistance and toxicity. In this study acute toxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of the methanolic leaves extract of Ficus exasperata were investigated. The acute toxicity study was conducted in two phases. Doses of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg were administered to 3 groups of 3 mice each at the initial phase, while doses of 600, 1,000, 1,600 and 2,900 were administered to 4 groups of 1 mouse each at the final phase. The median lethal dose (LD ) was determined to be 775 mg/kg intraperitoneally in mice. The 50 antitrypanosomal activity of the extract was evaluated in vitro using a micro titre plate. Blood obtained from infected rat with T. brucei brucei (8.4 x 106) was incubated at room temperature (27 0C) for 4 hours with methanolic leaves extract at 40 and 80 mg/ml and 3.5 mg/ml of diminazene aceturate concentrations respectively. The parasites were inactivated and became uninfective to mice at both the extract and the standard drug concentrations used, while the parasites remained active and infective to mice in the negative control. The current study revealed that the methanolic leaves extract of of Ficus exasperata could possess trypanocidal principle that may require further scientific ellucidations.
Foetal Wastage Among Ruminants Slaughtered at the Abattoir in Gwagwalada, FCT, Nigeria
Authors: Obudu C. E
Published: October 2021

There is a chronic deficiency in the animal protein content of the diets of people in developing countries, including Nigeria. This has been attributed to low productivity of indigenous breeds of livestock, inadequate feed supplies, diseases and recently, climate change. However, foetal losses from slaughtered food animals have been identified as a potential source of animal protein loss but its overall negative impact on the national economy has not been evaluated. This study was therefore carried out to draw attention about the consequences of the practice and to proffer some recommendations. A five – month study was carried out to investigate the incidence of foetal wastage in ruminants slaughtered at the Gwagwalada abattoir in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria as well as its economic implications. Results indicated that the incidence was 29.02%, 24.9% and 7.68% for cattle, sheep and goats respectively. Most of the wastage occurred in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, while the total financial loss from the 260 foetuses recorded in the study was put at about N10.5 million. There is therefore the need for a more detailed and comprehensive examination of female animals prior to slaughter. Those diagnosed to be pregnant should be purchased and nurtured by relevant government agencies until delivery and the owners compensated. In addition, public enlightenment campaigns discouraging farmers from slaughtering obviously pregnant animals should be mounted, while violators should be made to pay fines..
The Repair of a Distal (one – third) Tibial Fracture in a Local Cock (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Okafor R. O. S
Published: October 2021

A local cock(Gallus gallus domesticus) weighing 1.2 kg and kept as a pet was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Abuja (UA) with the chief complaint of right limb lameness for three days. A close observation showed that the limb was dangling and had a fresh cut on the skin at the distal 1/3 of the tibia. The region was swollen and had a light-greenish colour suspected to be a sign of gangrene formation. Radiographic examination of the region confirmed a complete oblique simple fracture of the distal 1/3 of the tibia of the right limb. The cause of the fracture was unknown. Under Xylazine hydrochloride and Ketamine hydrochloride anaesthesia, the fracture was repaired through an open reduction with intramedullary pin. Eleven days post-surgery, the cock was found to bear slight weight on the limb. Clinical examination three weeks post operation showed normal usage of the limb and radiological evidence of good fracture healing. The intramedullary pinning appeared to be effective for the management of this simple tibial fracture in the local cock. This report appears to be the first intensive fracture repair documented in the local cock..
Ureamic Syndrome in Theileria Equi-Infected Argentine Polo Pony: A Case Report.
Authors: Idoko S. I
Published: October 2021

On June 26th, 2016, an 8-year old Argentine Polo Pony in the Fifth Chukker Polo and Country Resort, Maraban Jos, Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria was reported with the chief complaint of anorexia, depression, recurrent recumbency, colic and pyrexia. Physical examination revealed the following signs; pyrexia, tachypnoea and rapid pulse rates, bilateral epiphora as well as icteric ocular, gingival and vaginal mucous membranes, 5% dehydration, trembling, sweating, colic, body condition score of 3/5, reddish brown urine and tick infestation (identified as Rhipicephalus spp). Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture into vacutainer containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for microscopic and haematological analyses while a second aliquot was transferred into plain vacutainer for biochemical analysis. Giemsa stained thin blood smear revealed the presence of Theileria equi haemogram revealed normocytic hypochromic anaemia with thrombocytopaenia. The biochemical analysis showed decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, hyperproteinaemia, hyperglobulinaemia, ureamia, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and decreased bicarbonate concentration. Based on the presenting clinical signs, presence of ticks and laboratory findings, equine piroplasmosis accompanied by ureamic syndromewas diagnosed..
Real-Time Anticipation and Prevention of Hot Spots by Monitoring the Dynamic Conductance of Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Lamb William , Asnes Dallon , Kupfer Jonathan , Lickey Emma , Bakken Jeremy , Haskell Richard , Saeta Peter , Yang Qimin
Published: October 2021

Hot spotting in photovoltaic (PV) panels causes physical damage, power loss, reduced lifetime reliability, and increased manufacturing costs. The problem arises routinely in defect-free standard panels; any string of cells that receives uneven illumination can develop hot spots, and the temperature rise often exceeds 100°C in conventional silicon panels despite on-panel bypass diodes, the standard mitigation technique. Bypass diodes limit the power dissipated in a cell subjected to reverse bias, but they do not prevent hot spots from forming. An alternative control method has been suggested by Kernahan [1] that senses in real time the dynamic conductance |dI/dV| of a string of cells and adjusts its operating current so that a partially shaded cell is never forced into reverse bias. We start by exploring the behavior of individual illuminated PV cells when externally forced into reverse bias. We observe that cells can suffer significant heating and structural damage, with desoldering of cell-tabbing and discolorations on the front cell surface. Then we test PV panels and confirm Kernahan’s proposed panel-level solution that anticipates and prevents hot spots in real time. Simulations of cells and panels confirm our experimental observations and provide insights into both the operation of Kernahan’s method and panel performance.
SSL-Unet: A Self-Supervised Learning Strategy Base on U-Net for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Ma Chao
Published: October 2021

We propose a SSL-Unet model for retinal vascular segmentation as well as two self-supervised training strategies. The strategy can help the self-supervised module to learn pseudo labels for improving the segmentation performance. Moreover, the fusion of both self-supervised and supervised paradigms is applied to retinal segmentation for the first time. Meanwhile, it can also be extended to any segmentation network.
رحلة البحث في التاريخ والحضارة الإسلامية بجامعة الشارقة الدراسات العليا أنموذجا(1426-1441هـ/2006- 2020م)
Authors: بن خيرة نجيب , عواد المنور
Published: October 2021

تخطو جامعة الشارقة خطوات كبرى وسريعة في مجال التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي وتواصل تقدمها باستمرار في التصنيف الدولي والمحلي. وهو ما يقتضي تسليط الضوء على عينة من انتاجها الأكاديمي الذي أخذ في التنوع والتطور بفعل السياسات المنتهجة، والبرامج المتنوعة، والمناهج المستحدثة، والمتابعة المستمرة.و جامعة الشارقة كغيرها من كثير من الجامعات فتحت تخصص التاريخ و الحضارة ، كمطلب ضروري في إعداد مواطن مثقف خبير بعالم الإنسان ، والثقافة و الحضارة ، ولكنها قطعت في مدة وجيزة خطوات متميزة في طريق إعداد كوادر علمية في فضاء العلوم الإنسانية عامة ، وفي مجال المعرفة الاتاريخية و الحضارية خاصة ، وهذا ما تؤكده هذه الدراسة ، التي تهدف إلى تقييم شامل لما أنجز ، ووضع ؤية خاصة لما ينبغي أن تكون عليه الدراسات العليا مستقبلا . ولا نغالي إذا قلنا أن البحث العلمي يعكس صورة الدول، ويتم بواسطته وضع خطط التنمية لحل المشكلات التي تواجه الإنسانية في مجالات متعددة، وهو أهم وظائف مؤسسة الجامعة التي تؤدي دورا مهما في تنمية المجتمع. ولا ريب في أن الوقوف على الإنتاج التاريخي الأكاديمي لطلاب الدراسات العليا بجامعة الشارقة ومحاولة رصده وبيان توجهاته ورسم معالمه يعتبر من أهم العينات المختارة التي تحمل رسالة وأهداف جامعة الشارقة نظرا لمكانة تخصص التاريخ والحضارة الإسلامية فيها .
العَواملُ المُؤَدِّيَةُ إلى العُنف ضدّ الرِّجَالِ فِي المُجْتَمَعِ الفِلِسْطِينيّ
Authors: الأطرش عصام , الخطيب وفاء , طزازعة اسلام
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدّراسة التعرف إلى العوامل المُؤدية إلى العُنف ضدّ الرجال في المجتمع الفلسطينيّ! وقد استخدم الباحثون في هذه الدّراسة المنهج الوصفيّ، كما تمثّل مجتمع الدّراسة بالمواطنين في الضفة الغربيّة، أمّا عيّنة الدّراسة، فقد بلغ حجمها (196) مواطنا  في الضفة الغربيّة، تمّ اختيارهم بطريقة العيّنة العشوائيّة البسيطة، كما تمثلت أداة الدّراسة باستبانة تمّ تصميمها لجَمع البيانات والمعلومات، وقد توصلت الدّراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أبرزها، أنّ العوامل المُتعلقة بالرجال أكثر العوامل المُؤدية إلى العُنف ضدّ الرجل، يليها العوامل الخارجيّة (هي العوامل خارج نطاق الأُسرة)، يليها العوامل المُتعلقة بالمرأة، وأنّ العُنف اللفظيّ أكثر أنواع العُنف انتشاراً  ضدّ الرجال في المجتمع الفلسطينيّ، يليها العُنف النفسيّ، وأنّ أقلّها العُنف الجسديّ، وقد أوصت الدّراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها أنْ يتمّ التعامل مع مشكلة العُنف ضدّ الرجال من قبل أنظمة العدالة الجنائيّة كمشكلة جنسانيّة، وليست مشكلة ذكر أو أنثى.
СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ КИТАЙСЬКОЇ НАРОДНОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ
Authors: Басюк Д. І. , Мостенська Т. Л. , Руднєва М. Г. , Арабаджийський О. І.
Published: October 2021

Основою інтенсивного розвитку туризму в Китайській Народній Республіці є формування потужної інфраструктури розміщення. Впродовж останнього десятиліття готельна індустрія Китаю стабільно зростала за розмірами та прибутками. Загальна кількість закладів розміщення у 2019 році перевищила 300 тисяч, а кількість готельних номерів в них становила приблизно 4,23 мільйона. Галузь пропонує широкий вибір варіантів розміщення – від бюджетної корчми і осель сільського туризму до розкішних курортів. У 2019 році Китай зафіксував більш як 10 тисяч туристичних готелів із зірковим рейтингом, більшість з яких розташовані в туристичних дестинаціях і курортах. Кількість п'ятизіркових готельних комплексів – 822. Середній показник завантаженості готелів – 55,14 % [11]. У 2019 році китайська готельна індустрія принесла дохід приблизно в 434 млрд юанів, у тому числі від дохід зіркових готелів – склав 199 млрд юанів [11]. У статті проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку готельного господарства Китайської Народної Республіки, описано систему сертифікації туристичних готелів та стандарти обслуговування, особливості готельного сервісу в умовах пандемії та цифрових і суспільних трансформацій.
СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ КРИЗИ
Authors: П’ятницька Г. Т.
Published: October 2021

Проведено аналіз основних показників розвитку ресторанного бізнесу в період COVID-кризи як в Україні, так і на глобальному ринку послуг ресторанного господарства. Виділено основні характеристики COVID-кризи з урахуванням різних ознак класифікації криз. Визначено прийнятні для підприємств ресторанного господарства стратегії розвитку в умовах нових ринкових викликів. Ідентифіковано інновації у розвитку підприємств ресторанного господарства під час пандемії, ефективність та результативність впровадження яких свідчить про доцільність їх урахування у стратегіях розвитку ресторанного господарства в умовах кризи. Обґрунтовано висновок про перспективність застосування абсолютно різних стратегічних альтернатив розвитку навіть в кризових умовах ведення ресторанного бізнесу. Встановлено, що проактивна поведінка підприємців ресторанного бізнесу ще на початку кризи принесла кращі результати для розвитку.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ЕКСКУРСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЛЯ ОСІБ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ
Authors: Тучковська І. І.
Published: October 2021

З’ясовано, що попит на екскурсійні послуги для осіб з інвалідністю зростає, але їх доступність дуже низька через невиконання низки спеціальних умов екскурсійного обслуговування даного контингенту споживачів, що й обумовлює актуальність даної теми дослідження. Проаналізовано особливості організації та проведення екскурсій для осіб з інвалідністю. Виокремлено та структуровано основні організаційні та методичні рекомендації щодо екскурсійного обслуговування осіб з інвалідністю. Досліджено сучасні реалії надання екскурсійних послуг для осіб з інвалідністю в Україні та узагальнено організаційні і методичні рекомендацій щодо екскурсійного обслуговування осіб з інвалідністю. Зосереджено увагу на супроводі екскурсантів з інвалідністю під час екскурсії. Виокремлено та узагальнено вимоги щодо організації і проведення екскурсій для осіб з інвалідністю.
RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF RELIABILITY OF PROJECTED SATELLITE COMMUNICATION STATIONS ON MOBILE OBJECTS
Authors: Пантенков Д.Г. , Литвиненко В.П.
Published: October 2021

Современные сложные радиотехнические комплексы и системы входят в состав ракетно-космических, авиационных, сухопутных, морских изделий, обеспечивающих решение задач повышения обороноспособности и безопасности РФ, а также отвечающих интересам гражданских потребителей. При этом на этапе проектирования радиотехнических комплексов и систем закладываются требуемые расчетные параметры по надежности, безопасности, долговечности, технологичности в целях обеспечения требуемого срока их эффективного функционирования для решения поставленных целевых задач. Рассмотрены результаты математического моделирования надежности проектируемых станций спутниковой связи на подвижных объектах (космические аппараты, беспилотные летательные аппараты, автомобили, железнодорожные поезда), которые отражают методический подход к определению надежности комплекса или системы верхнего уровня. Принципиальным моментом является возможность определения числовых значений данного показателя еще на этапе составления тактико-технических (технических) заданий на выполнение НИОКР, проведения аванпроекта, т.е. тех этапах работ, на которых цена ошибки не является существенной и имеется принципиальная возможность внести изменения в конструктивные и схемотехнические параметры разрабатываемых радиотехнических комплексов и систем

Modern complex radio communication and systems are part of rocket-space, aviation, dry-track, marine products that provide the solution of tasks both to increase the defense and safety of the Russian Federation and meet the interests of civilian consumers. At the same time, at the stage of design of radio engineering complexes and systems, the required design parameters for reliability, safety, durability, technological and technical support are laid in order to ensure the required period of their effective functioning to solve the set target tasks. This article considers the results of mathematical modeling of reliability of projected satellite communication stations on mobile objects (spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, cars, railway trains), which reflect the methodological approach to determine the reliability of the complex or upper-level system. A fundamental point is the possibility of determining the numerical values of this indicator even at the stage of compiling tactical and technical (technical) tasks for R&D, conducting an advance project, i.e. those stages of work at which the error price is not significant and there is a fundamental possibility to make changes to the design and schematic parameters of the developed radio systems and systems
CODE OF CONDUCT AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: EVIDENCE IN KENYA
Authors: Joyce Cheruto Rotich  , Dr. Pauline Keitany  , Dr. Hellen W. Sang
Published: October 2021

Economic and social challenges have obliged many organizations to re-evaluate their manner and approach in maintaining sustainable relationships with their customers. It has been witnessed in most successful organizations that implementation of ethical practices in procurement has ensured customers get the best services. The paper’s objective is to establish the relationship between codes of conduct and procurement management. The study was guided by virtue ethical theory. Correlation research design was used with a target population of 1100 tendering committee in 220 public secondary schools. A sample size was 294 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential methods were utilized for data analysis and presentation. The findings indicated that code of conduct had significant effect on procurement management (P=0.000<0.05). The study recommended that the schools should continuously review of procurement staff from breach of code of conduct to reduce fraud and corruption. Therefore, there is need to tighten internal control systems in detecting procurement corruption and fraud to ensure integrity in the process. The study suggested further study to be done in internal control system and procurement management.
KEYWORDS: Code of Conduct, Procurement Management, Correlation Design, Kenya
Implementasi Algoritma DBScan dalam Pemngambilan Data Menggunakan Scatterplot
Authors: Gunawan Wawan
Published: October 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, semakin banyak data yang digunakan dalam suatu pemecahan masalah. Tetapi, dengan banyaknya data yang ada sangat sulit mencari informasi yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan data mining untuk mengekstraksi pengetahuan secara otomatis dari data berukuran besar dengan cara mencari pola-pola menarik yang terkandung di dalam data tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan algoritma DBSCAN dalam penelitiannya. Data yang digunakan adalah data spasial mahasiswa Universitas Mercu Buana. Dari data ini, peneliti mengambil informasi scatterplot yang terbentuk, lalu dengan algoritma DBSCAN untuk melihat cluster yang terbentuk, dan melakukan validasi dengan Silhouette Index. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma DBSCAN berhasil diimplementasikan pada data mahasiswa Universitas Mercu Buana. Dan hasil pengujian dari implementasi algoritma DBSCAN dipengaruhi oleh dua nilai parameter yaitu Minimum Points, dan Epsilon.
Klasifikasi Tingkat Kepuasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Secara Daring Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes
Authors: Natuzzuhriyyah Ami , Nafisah Nisa
Published: October 2021

Abstrak— Semenjak Penyebaran Covid19 di Indonesia semakin meningkat pada awal Maret 2020 menyebabkan aktivitas Lembaga Pendidikan terganggu, sehingga Menteri Pendidikan mengeluarkan surat edaran No. 3 tahun 2020 mengenai pencegahan covid19 yang menyatakan bahwa meliburkan sekolah dan perguruan tinggi. Sebagai gantinya kegiatan pembelajaran konvensional menjadi daring. Pembelajaran daring di Universitas Singaperbangsa dimulai sejak adanya peraturan dari kemdikbud RI, dari pembelajaran secara daring tersebut mempengaruhi konsentrasi, kendala seperti signal, suasana pembelajaran dan cara mengajar, sehingga faktor mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran daring menggunakan Metodologi CRISP-DM dan algoritma naive bayes dengan menggunakan tools rapidminer dengan hasil yang didapatkan yaitu tingkat akurasi sebesar 76,92%, class precission 100.00%, class recall 57.14% serta nilai AUC 0.881 atau mendekati angka 1 jadi model yang dihasilkan baik. Dengan kata lain, dari hasil yang didapatkan menggunakan algoritma naïve bayes dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk pengambilan keputusan tingkat kepuasan pembelajaran secara daring.
MESOWEAR AND PALEODIETS OF MIDDLE MIOCENE MAMMALS FROM CHABBAR SYEDAN, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Nawaz M.K. , Aftab K , Khan M.A. , Abbas S.G. , Asim M , Babar M.A. , Hussain M , Akhtar M
Published: October 2021

The paleodiets of seven mammalian species from Chabbar Syedan are analysed using dental mesowear. Mesowear results suggest that Miotragocerus gluten, Eotragus sp., Giraffokeryx punjabiensis, Giraffa priscilla, Dorcatherium minus had attrition dominant diet and fall within dietary spectra of browsers to occasional mixed feeders. Gazella sp. and Listriodon pentapotamiae had an intermediate attrition-abrasion wear signatures and were mixed feeders or browse dominated mixed feeders. The mesowear data of Chabbar Syedan mammals were compared with previous palaeodietary studies and it showed that the results are most closely in line with the previous studies. These results also indicate that during Middle Miocene of Chabbar Syedan, browsing mammals were dominant and ecological conditions were more favorable for browsers than to exclusive grazers.
Keywords: Mesowear, Miocene, Chinji, Mammals, Paleodiets, Siwaliks
CHARACTERIZING SILVER NANOPARTICLES BIOSYNTHESIZED FROM SALVIA ROSMARINUS AND ASSESSING THEIR IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENS AND CERVICAL CELLS
Authors: Rizwana H , Bukhari N.A. , Rashed S.A. , Shehri S.A. , Awad M.A. , Merghani N , Tabasuum H
Published: October 2021

Nanotechnology is significantly revolutionizing world agriculture through engineered nanomaterials, which contribute to enhancing agricultural production by controlling fungal and bacterial phytopathogens and, consequently, minimizing crop losses. In this study green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using aqueous extracts of organically grown Salvia rosmarinus leaves.The AgNPs were examined and characterized with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Their antifungal activity was evaluated against an array of fungal phytopathogens. In addition, the AgNPs were tested for their cytotoxic properties using microculture tetrazolium assays against the cervical cancer HeLa cell line. The nanoparticle size ranged between 7 and 58 nm, and the AgNPs significantly inhibited Fusarium oxysporum (61%), followed by Alternaria alternata (50%). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay against HeLa cells showed potent inhibition with a median inhibitory concentration of 11.28 ± 0.33 µg/mL. S. rosmarinus biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrate significant antifungal and antiproliferative activities against plant pathogens and HeLa cells.
Key words: Salvia rosmarinus, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), phytopathogens, cytotoxicity
PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL OF LACTOBACILLUS ANDLEUCONOSTOC STRAINS ISOLATED FROM TRADITIONAL SPONTANEOUSLY FERMENTED SHEEP HAM
Authors: Petrovic T.Z. , Ilic P , Mladenovic K , Djilas M , Tanackov S.K. , Comic L
Published: October 2021

This paper examined the probiotic characteristics of 29 lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional sheep ham. The research included isolation and identification of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc strains. In vitro tests related to their probiotic potential included auto-aggregation and co-aggregation, antibiotic resistance, and hemolysis tests. Auto-aggregation values of the tested strains ranged from 24.5 to 68.1%, co-aggregation values of Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and ATCC strain of Escherichia coli ranged from 22.5 to 65.5% after four hours. The isolates showed a significant difference in the hydrophobic ability of the tested hydrocarbons, n-hexadecane, xylene, and chloroform, ranging from 5.25% to 80.9%. All of the isolates have shown high sensitivity to most analyzed antibiotics, while Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc strains had no positive hemolysis.The zone of inhibition against all tested pathogens was demonstrated by 55.1% of strains. The most significant inhibition zones were exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, while 31.03% of strains did not show a zone of inhibition towards Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115.
Key words:Lactic acid bacteria, sheep ham, probiotic potential
Prepaid Energy Meter With Theft Detection System Using IOT
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India, Sasikala K. , Sounthar P. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India, Arjun P.P. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India, Manibalaji G. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India
Published: October 2021

Power robberies are expanding each year across homegrown just as modern an area which influences the monetary status of the country. Different remote correspondence frameworks are accessible to recognize the force burglary, yet comes up short on the necessary foundation expected to utilize them. The point of the venture is to plan a framework to screen the force devoured by burden and furthermore to identify and dispense with the force robbery in transmission lines and energy meters. This work is additionally centered on imparting the burglary data to Electricity Board through IOT. As an organization of gadgets is associated like sensors it can trade ongoing data through web. In this undertaking Arduino is used to identify power burglary and send order to the IOT worker through wifi module so the authority from the Electrical office can see if the robbery discovery happens. The execution of this framework will help save enormous measure of power.
Optimized Biodiesel Preparation from Waste Cooking Oil as a Fuel for Unmodified Diesel Engines
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal 2 CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, Kumar Parvesh , Ramprasad M. ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal 2 CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, Sidharth  ,   Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Published: October 2021

The continuous fluctuation in the price of crude oil in the international market during the Covid-19 situation forced all the nation to work for self-sustainability in the energy sector. This pandemic condition also teaches all to utilize available sources effectively. So to deal with dual problems the optimized conversion of waste into an energy source is the most effective solution. In the present work waste cooking oil is converted into biodiesel and the production process is optimized using the response surface methodology technique. The central composite design approach of RSM is selected for optimization in the present work which provides a better result in limited experiments. The yield of waste cooking oil biodiesel is optimized through four parameters i.e. catalyst concentration, temp., time, and alcohol to oil molar ratio. The effect of all these parameters is analyzed exhaustively with the help of design expert software. The physicochemical properties of optimized WCOB are measured and the results are compared with petrodiesel fuel and normally prepared WCOB. It is found that the yield of WCOB is increased by more than 4% while prepared with optimized parameter values. The physicochemical properties of optimized WCOB were also found better as compared to normally prepared WCOB and comparable to petrodiesel. Hence it can be concluded that the optimization of biodiesel production not only improves the yield but also improves the quality of the biodiesel.
Application of biomimetic design in concept of small terrain electric vehicle, MODULO
Authors:   Department of Design and Mechanical Elements, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina, 01026, Slovakia, Igor Gajdáč , Viera Konstantová ,   Department of Design and Mechanical Elements, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina, 01026, Slovakia, Štefan Medvecký ,   Department of Design and Mechanical Elements, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina, 01026, Slovakia
Published: October 2021

Biomimetic Design is based on basic natural principles. One of the basic natural principle is principle of maximum and minimum. Biological structures or systems can achieve maximum performance and durability with minimal material and energy consumption. More developed system in nature, means the more favorable ratio of this principle. Therefore, this natural principle of maximum and minimum is the basis for trends in biomimetic design. Trends of biomimetic design (functional morphology, optimal arrangement, determination of functionality, multi-functionality, energy use, and so on) are presented for concept of small terrain electric vehicle in this paper. The electric vehicle model has 2 parts: front and rear module with a choice of accumulator size, and with a choice of 4x2 or 4x4 drives. The transport of people (including injured people) or transport of cargo to hard-to-reach places is main concept idea of terrain electric vehicle. This work is supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV-18-0457, Special Light Electric Vehicle from Unconventional Materials to Heavy Conditions and Terrain – LEV.
Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in the Antiepileptic Activity of Garcinia Mangostana Standardized Extract
Authors: Ahmed Alkahtani Saad
Published: October 2021

Epilepsy is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity, accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiepileptic activity of GML in mice using MES- and INH-induced models. Estimation of brain GABA levels and in vitro antioxidant potential was also evaluated. Treatment of mice with GML significantly reversed the MES-induced convulsions, which was reflected by the decrease in the duration (in seconds) of all the phases, with an increment in the GABA levels. In the INH model, animals treated with test drug exhibited a significant delay in the onset (in minutes) of clonic convulsions, and a decrease in the duration (in minutes) of clonic convulsions. GML had a dose dependent positive effect on GABAergic neurotransmission that was evident by a significant increase in the brain GABA levels. GML also exhibited significant free radical scavenging (DPPH•), reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Put together, the data from the current study suggests that GML has significant antiepileptic potential, modulated through positive GABAergic neurotransmission and antioxidant properties.
When perception is stronger than physics: Perceptual similarities rather than laws of physics govern the perception of interacting objects
Authors: Pastukhov Alexander , Koßmann Lisa , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: October 2021

When several multistable displays are viewed simultaneously, their perception is synchronized, as they tend to be in the same perceptual state. Here, we investigated the possibility that perception may reflect embedded statistical knowledge of physical interaction between objects for specific combinations of displays and layouts. We used a novel display with two ambiguously rotating gears and an ambiguous walker-on-a-ball display. Both stimuli produce a physically congruent perception when an interaction is possible (i.e., gears counterrotate, and the ball rolls under the walker’s feet). Next, we gradually manipulated the stimuli to either introduce abrupt changes to the potential physical interaction between objects or keep it constant despite changes in the visual stimulus. We characterized the data using four different models that assumed (1) independence of perception of the stimulus, (2) dependence on the stimulus’s properties, (3) dependence on physical configuration alone, and (4) an interaction between stimulus properties and a physical configuration. We observed that for the ambiguous gears, the perception was correlated with the stimulus changes rather than with the possibility of physical interaction. The perception of walker-on-a-ball was independent of the stimulus but depended instead on whether participants responded about a relative motion of two objects (perception was biased towards physically congruent motion) or the absolute motion of the walker alone (perception was independent of the rotation of the ball). None of the two experiments supported the idea of embedded knowledge of physical interaction.
The problem of technology transfer from science to business
Authors: Krylov Petr
Published: October 2021

Новые знания и технологии, создаваемые научными организациями и университетами, позволяют получить общественные блага в виде инноваций. Однако существует разрыв между требованиями бизнеса и готовностью научных организаций провести НИОКР в конкретной сфере и получить результаты, пригодные для производства конечного продукта. В современных условиях научно-исследовательские организации поставлены в рамки, когда им необходимо самостоятельно коммерциализировать собственные разработки, развивать проекты до TRL 6-7. Научным сотрудникам необходимо понимать конъюнктуру рынка, разрабатывать бизнес-планы и инвестиционные стратегии, совмещая данные задачи с основной исследовательской работой. В свою очередь, бизнес-сообщество не формирует спрос на проведение научных исследований в целях усиления инновационного потенциала и повышения своей конкурентоспособности, поскольку уровень результатов НИОКР не соответствует предъявляемым требованиям. В данной статье рассматривается актуальная для Россия проблема низкой степени проникновения технологий и ноу-хау, полученных в результате работы научно-исследовательских предприятий/университетов (НИОКР), в деятельность отечественных предприятий. Цель работы заключается в анализе модели взаимодействия науки и бизнеса и в выяснении факторов, препятствующих сотрудничеству между ними. Основное предположение заключается в том, что результаты НИОКР недостаточно конкурентоспособны на российском и на мировом рынке. Методологией исследования послужило проведение экспертных интервью с представителями научных организаций, вузов и промышленных предприятий. В результате исследования автор приходит к выводу о том, что для эффективного взаимодействия между наукой и бизнесом необходимо адаптировать и оптимизировать процессы трансфера технологий, а также создать комфортные условия как для молодых исследователей, так и для бизнес-сообщества.
Franchising in Russia: new economic reality
Authors: Shakhova Margarita
Published: October 2021

В данной статье рассмотрены изменения, произошедшие на франчайзинговом рынке России в связи с пандемией короновируса и вызванным ей экономическим кризисом. Методологическую основу работы составляют современные исследования влияния COVID-19 на российский бизнес, актуальные деловые и научные публикации, а также авторское исследование на основе опроса российских франчайзеров об изменениях франчайзинговой модели в условиях кризиса, проведенное в конце 2020 г. Ухудшение макроэкономических показателей, резкое снижение реальных доходов населения отразились на поведении потребителей, кардинально изменив их потребительские привычки и модель потребления. В статье выделено четыре типа потребительского поведения, формирование которых началось до пандемии и укрепилось во время нее. Кроме того, определены тенденции следующих изменений, которые в дальнейшем будут определять стратегии франчайзинговых компаний. Проанализированы основные показатели, характеризующие трансформацию спроса на франшизы в период пандемии: динамика количества партнеров во франчайзинговых сетях, изменения в инвестиционных предпочтениях и возможностях потенциальных франчайзи; а также антикризисные меры франчайзеров для поддержки своих партнеров. В связи с тем, что степень влияния кризиса на деятельность видов и даже сегментов франчайзингового бизнеса оказалась неоднозначной, автором предложена классификация франшиз в новой экономической реальности с целью систематизации участников франчайзингового рынка и выявления тенденций его будущего развития. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для дальнейших исследований трансформации франчайзинговой модели, разработки новых франчайзинговых предложений и принятия решения об инвестировании во франшизу.
GEBELİKTE SERUM ÇİNKO DÜZEYİ VE İDRAR YOLU ENFEKSİYONU RİSKİ
Authors: TERZİ Elif
Published: October 2021

AMAÇ: Gebelikte anatomik, fonksiyonel ve immun değişiklikler idrar yolu enfeksiyonu riskini artırmaktadır. Gebelik göreceli olarak immun yetersizlik durumu ortaya çıkarır. İmmun sistemin düzgün işlemesinde elzem olan çinko elementinin eksikliği beraberinde daha fazla genitoüriner enfeksiyon riskini de getirir. Bu araştırma gebelikte ilk trimester çinko değerleri ile idrar yolu enfeksiyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

GEREÇLER VE YÖNTEM: Ekim 2019 ve Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında Özel Etlik Lokman Hekim hastanesine gebelik takibi amacıyla başvuran 184 hasta üzerinde retrospektif olarak yapılan bu çalışmada hastalardan gebeliğin ilk trimesterinde bakılan serum çinko seviyesi değerlendirildi. Çinko seviyesine göre hastalar düşük ve normal değere sahip olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile çinko seviyesi arasındaki ilişki incelendi.

BULGULAR: Çalışmaya dahil gebe populasyonunda ilk trimesterde çinko eksiklik oranı %35,9 olarak bulunmuştur. İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile serum çinko seviyesi arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (p=0,562). Çinko içeren multivitamin kullanımı hastaların serum çinko seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişiklikler oluşturmasına rağmen (p=0,039) multivitamin kullanımı ile idrar yolu enfeksiyonu arasındaki ilişki anlamlı değildir (p=0,073). Hasta yaşı artıkça idrar yolu enfeksiyonu riskinin azaldığı izlenmiştir (p=0,041).

SONUÇ: Çalışma yaptığımız popülasyonda hastaların %35,9’unda ilk trimester çinko seviyesi normal değerin altındadır. Ancak çinko seviyesi ile idrar yolu enfeksiyonu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Çinko içeren multivitamin kullanımı idrar yolu enfeksiyonu riskini azaltmamıştır. Ancak multivitamin kullanmayan hastalarda çinko seviyesi kullanan gruptan daha düşüktür.
An Akan (Bono-Twi) Mother-Tongue Commentary on the Second Letter of John
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: October 2021

Christianity in Africa has experienced phenomenal growth in recent times. This growth however comes with the challenge of how the African church can maintain its numerical strength and at the same time ensure that the faith of its members is well grounded in Scriptures. One way to respond to this challenge is to provide the church with African-brewed resources for didactic purposes. In such an exercise the role of African mother-tongue biblical hermeneutics and theologizing cannot be overstated. This article is a mother-tongue commentary on the second epistle (letter) of John based on the Bono-Twi text. The second letter of John was chosen because contemporary African society shares relevant aspects of the context of the addressees of this letter. For example, false teachers abound in the African church just as they did in the community to whom this letter was addressed. The Bono-Twi text was obtained from the Greek text (Novum Testamentum Graece: Nestle-Aland) through a meticulous application of relevant principles of translation and a careful mediation between the biblical culture and the Akan culture. Afterward, a Bono-Twi commentary was produced through careful textual analyses, interpretation and mother-tongue theologizing that brings together Christian spirituality and the African (Bono) worldview. All Bono-Twi texts have been translated into English to make the work accessible to non-Akan readers as well. The main conclusions from the study are that (1) true believers must believe that Jesus is the Christ and he came in flesh (2) believers must (under no circumstance) compromise the basic truths about Christ and his salvation. Therefore, in a context where false teachers abound in various societies the church must stand for the truth, teach it and practicalize it to expose heresies.

Keywords: False Teachings, Love, Second John, Truth
Severe COVID-19 infection in a kidney transplant recipient treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone
Authors: Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Thaha Mochammad , Pranawa  , Santoso Djoko , Mardiana Nunuk , Widodo  , Aditiawardana  , Tjempakasari Artaria , Ardhany Ardityo Rahmat , Pramudya Dana , Hertanto Decsa Medika , Febriane Evy , Meryana  , Angela Maria , Muliono Ari Christy , Tanuwidjaja Handoko , Setiawan Philia , Sugiarto David
Published: October 2021

Severe COVID-19 infection management for a recipient of kidney transplant has debatable prognosis and treatment. We described the case of a COVID-19 infected 70 year old female, previously had renal transplantation in 2017. The patient took immunosuppressive agents as routine drugs for transplant recipient status and received lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and dexamethasone daily at the hospitalization. Specific question arises about renal transplant recipients being infected by COVID-19 – whether the infection will get worse compared to those without immunosuppresive agent. In this case, author decided to stop the immunosuppressive agent followed administration of combination lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and dexamethasone that gives a good clinical impact change to patient’s condition after once getting worsened and mechanically ventilated. Nevertheless, the assessment of risk and benefit in continuing immunosuppressive drugs is concurrently essential due to the prevention of transplant rejection.
La tragédie d’un commun urbain : le cas des petits opérateurs privés de services d’eau à Cochabamba
Authors: Cabrera Juan E. , Teller Jacques
Published: October 2021

Notre étude est centrée sur l’autogestion de l’eau par les communautés locales de Cochabamba (Bolivie). Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement aux effets sur le territoire et la société de la production de l’eau par un foisonnement de petits opérateurs privés agissant dans un cadre non coordonné, sans concertation avec les opérateurs publics. Les résultats de notre étude ne remettent pas en question la valeur de l’eau en tant que bien commun. Ils questionnent comment la création de synergies dans la logique d’une gestion communautaire de l’eau peut être pénalisée par des logiques d’auto-production mal ou non encadrées. Nous mettons en évidence la nécessité d’une gestion partagée de l’eau entre opérateurs communautaires et administrations publiques, considérant, à la suite d’Ostrom, qu’une collaboration entre ces deux types d’acteurs est indispensable pour assurer une forme d’exploitation collective et durable de la ressource. Nous mettons par ailleurs en évidence les processus de fragmentation urbaine, les conflits entre acteurs et l’exploitation non durable de l’eau liés à la prolifération de petits opérateurs locaux.
Du rapport Laroque à la loi sur la Prestation spécifique dépendance
Authors: Henrard Jean-Claude
Published: October 2021

Au début des années 60, après les travaux de la commission Laroque, une nouvelle conception de la vieillesse apparaît, celle du « troisième âge » actif et participant à la vie sociale. Une telle conception a donné lieu à des tentatives de gestion par les pouvoirs publics du mode de vie des personnes âgées auxquelles s’attache la politique médico-sociale du maintien à domicile. La mise en œuvre de cette dernière a connu d’importants retards. À la fin des années 70, la mise à la retraite précoce des travailleurs vieillissant en réponse à la crise de la société industrielle, met fin à la politique du « troisième âge ». La vision de la vieillesse se réduit alors progressivement à celle de la dépendance des personnes âgées et donne lieu à l’élaboration d’une politique réduite au financement et à l’organisation de sa prise en charge. Elle aboutit à la mise en place d’une prestation spécifique provisoire pour les seules personnes âgées dont le caractère assistantiel pour les seuls pauvres est doublement stigmatisant et soulève la question de son équité. Plusieurs obstacles de natures différentes sont à l’origine de tels décalages entre la vision globale de départ et la mise en œuvre limitée.
Revenu et consommation des retraités
Authors: Rochefort Robert
Published: October 2021

Aujourd’hui, le revenu par tête des retraités atteint en moyenne un ordre de grandeur équivalent à celui des actifs (selon les dernières estimations, il serait même supérieur de 5 à 7 % si l’on calcule en unités de consommation). En 1995, le niveau de vie annuel d’une personne âgée de 60 à 69 ans était de 112 000 francs dont 65 % provenaient des pensions de retraite. Quelle sera l’évolution de ses revenus dans l’avenir ? L’arrivée progressive de femmes disposant de leurs propres pensions jouera puissamment dans le sens de l’amélioration du niveau de vie des retraités. Aujourd’hui, les retraités sont « sous-consommateurs ». À revenu identique aux actifs, ils consacrent une moindre proportion de leur argent (environ 5 %) aux dépenses de consommation. En matière de consommation, les marchés les plus typiques des retraités sont ceux de l’alimentation, des produits d’entretien, des services traditionnels (coiffure, blanchisserie, services médicaux, journaux). Les dépenses de vacances et de sorties sont très importantes pour les classes d’âge inférieures à 70 ans, puis diminuent. La consommation des retraités, pour les années à venir, comporte des aspects prévisibles, par exemple, extensions des départ en vacances après 70 ans ; et d’autres qui le sont moins, tels le comportement des plus de 80 ans qui vont constituer un nouveau marché solvable. Enfin, il faut bien évoquer ce terme de senior devenu si courant dans le marketing de ces dernières années. Il a fâcheusement irrité ceux qu’il vise eux-mêmes. Bien que sympathique et valorisant, sa connotation mercantiliste est trop prononcée. Les retraités ont d’abord envie d’être reconnus pour le rôle actif qu’ils peuvent jouer dans la société. Leur pouvoir économique dépasse de loin le simple rôle de locomotive de la consommation qu’on voudrait leur voir jouer.