bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of pain and psychological symptoms of first-year university students
Authors: Airi Oksanen , Katri Laimi , Eliisa Löyttyniemi , Kristina Kunttu
Published: February 2021

Background: Even if pain and psychological symptoms experienced by university students are common, the prognosis of these symptoms is unknown. Objective: To examine the incidence and the outcome of frequent musculoskeletal and psychological symptoms in a 4-year follow-up of first-year university students. Methods: In 2008, a national random sample (N=2750) of Finnish university students completed a questionnaire concerning pain and psychological symptoms. Of the 416 first-year students, 123 responded to the same questionnaire also in their fourth study year in 2012. Results: Of the first-year university students with frequent pain or psychological symptoms, ­one half (47% - 65%) reported frequent symptoms also four years later. Almost all (78% – 95%) of the symptom-free first-year students were symptom-free also in their fourth study year. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pain and psychological symptoms in university students are rather persistent during the first four study years. On the other hand, as half of those with frequent symptoms become symptomless and as the prognosis of symptom-free students is favourable, there is still need for further cohort studies on this issue.
Dominator Chromatic numbers of orientations of trees
Authors:   Division of Resource Economics and Management, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, Cary Michael
Published: February 2021

In this paper we prove that the dominator chromatic number of every oriented tree is invariant under reversal of orientation. In addition to this marquee result, we also prove the exact dominator chromatic number for arborescences and anti-arborescences as well as bounds on other orientations of oft studied tree topologies including generalized stars and caterpillars.
Evaluation of the anthelmintic properties of a traditional remedy based on a mixture of red algae using an in vitro assay on gastrointestinal nematodes of donkeys
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Maestrini Michela , Molento Marcelo Beltrão ,   Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba CEP: 80035-050, PR, Brazil, Mancini Simone ,   Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Cuna Francesco Saverio Robustelli della ,   Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 6 27100 Pavia, Italy, Furnari Giovanni ,   Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy, Serio Donatella ,   Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy., Cornara Laura ,   Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy, Perrucci Stefania ,   Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Published: February 2021

The anthelmintic properties and composition of an Italian traditional anthelmintic remedy based on a red algae mixture (RAE) was assessed using the egg hatch test (EHT). The ability of different dilutions \((1.0, 5.0, 50, or 100%)\) of RAE was determined and compared with the positive and negative controls against gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) of donkeys. The experiment was performed in triplicate. Data were analysed using the ANOVA and Tukey test. In the mixture, Palisada tenerrima, Laurencia intricata and Laurencia spp. red algae were identified. The \(100%\) RAE was able to totally inhibit the egg hatch, showing an efficacy comparable \((P < 0.05)\) to that of the reference drug \((98.7%)\). An egg hatch reduction of \(89.5, 43.7\), and \(23.4%\) was observed at \(50, 5\) and \(1%\) dilutions, respectively. In conclusion, RAE was able to inhibit the egg hatch of GIN of donkeys in a concentration-dependent manner with a correlation coefficient \((R2)\) of \(0.968\), corroborating with its anthelmintic effect.
A variety of uncertainty principles for the Hankel-Stockwell transform
Authors:   Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Kairouan, Department of Mathematics, Kairouan university, Tunisia, Hleili Khaled ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2021

In this work, we establish \(L^p\) local uncertainty principle for the Hankel-Stockwell transform and we deduce \(L^p\) version of Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl uncertainty principle. Next, By combining these principles and the techniques of Donoho-Stark we present uncertainty principles of concentration type in the \(L^p\) theory, when \(1< p\leqslant2\). Finally, Pitt's inequality and Beckner's uncertainty principle are proved for this transform.
La comedia y la Loa
Authors: Peralta Barnuevo y Rocha Pedro de
Published: February 2021

Creación literaria.
El régimen de los galeones
Authors: Basadre Jorge
Published: February 2021

España practico en sus colonias un dogma que el liberalismo del siglo XIX ha estigmatizado pero que vuelve a tener actualidad en nuestro tiempo: la autarquía. Dáse hoy, en efecto, este nombie a la política de utilizar los recursos nacionales y vivir de ellos, sin acudir a lo extranjero. Junto con esta política, seguida naturalmente dentro de las limitaciones de la época, pi actico España la cconopiía dirigida y el comercio exterior monopolizado, al menos en principio.
La educación del indio
Authors: Ponce Rodríguez Elías
Published: February 2021

A este problema nacional, que preocupa tan hondamente a los hombres de estudio, ya sean en conferencias, en libros y en artículos que la prensa diaria hace conocer, deseamos contribuir, abarcando en limites precisos su contenido y, presentando sus factores dentro de un plan de investigación sistemática, para situarlos en el plano de la experiencia, del análisis y de la inducción que permitan conocer las leyes científicas que deben emplearse para su concreta solución. Mientras no se cipliquen las disciplinas de las ciencias educativas, todas estas cuestiones no pasarán del plano de los buenos deseos y su debate no alcanzará más allá del campo de las opiniones más o menos personales, sin llegar a penetrar en el terreno científico del estudio de los fenómenos y de sus leyes.
Literatura Inca (¿indígena?) como representación de la literatura peruana
Authors: Espino Relucé Gonzalo
Published: February 2021

Esta comunicación propone la relación entre las bellas letras y las manifestaciones discursivas vinculadas al indio; por eso, esboza las principales ideas literarias que Jorge Basadre propone en Equivocaciones y cuyo trazo se puede leer en Historia de la República del Perú. 1 Se detiene en la importancia de la Literatura inca, compilación de Basadre, cuya publicación constituye un recuento de la literatura prehispánica, la producción colonial y republicana de la escritura literaria quechua como representación de lo indígena para las culturas peruanas. Lo vinculo, asimismo, a la comprensión de la literatura como ejercicio heterogéneo y a las formas como el indio es representado en la escritura a finales de la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Análisis bibliométrico de la lírica textual
Authors: Urbizagástegui-Alvarado Rubén , Urbizagástegui Alvarado Flori Martha
Published: February 2021

Con respecto al análisis bibliométrico de la lírica textual del casete “Martina Portocarrero en vivo en el Teatro Municipal”, fueron encontradas 1999 palabras que representan un total de 387 palabras diferentes. De esas palabras diferentes y a través del punto de transición de Goffman, fueron aisladas hasta 11 palabras que pueden servir como palabras claves para la indización de la lírica textual. El aislamiento de las palabras claves fue realizado por los métodos de los rangos mínimos y rangos máximos, que no parecen producir diferencias significativas. El modelo Gauss-Poisson inverso generalizado, y la prueba del chi-cuadrado fueron usados para evaluar el ajuste de los datos observados a los datos esperados del vocabulario activo de Martina Portocarrero. Se verificó que esta distribución se ajusta adecuadamente al modelo Gauss Poisson inversa generalizada.
Experimental investigation on the friction characteristics of hazelnut powder reinforced brake pad
Authors:   Department of Machine Design and Construction, University of Düzce, Turkey, Akıncıoğlu Gülşah , Akıncıoğlu Sıtkı ,   Department of Machine Design and Construction, University of Düzce, Turkey, Öktem Hasan ,   Department of Machine, Kocaeli University, Turkey, Uygur İlyas ,   Department of Machine Engineering, Duzce University, Turkey
Published: February 2021

After the realization that asbestos fiber is harmful to human health, efforts to produce organic and environmentally friendly brake pads have increased. In this study, an environmentally friendly brake pad (NUS sample) was produced with the addition of 3.5% hazelnut shell powder. Hardness and density measurements of the brake pad sample were made. Chase type device was used for the wear and friction tests. The experiments were done according to the SAE J661 standard. The average friction coefficient value obtained as a result of the experiments was found to be 0.435 µ. Bu değer standartlara uygundur ve “FF” sınıfı aralığındadır. This value complies with the standards and is in the "FF" class range.
Dual solutions for MHD flow of a water-based TiO2-Cu hybrid nanofluid over a continuously moving thin needle in presence of thermal radiation
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Mousavi Seyed Mehdi , Rostami Mohammadreza Nademi ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Yousefi Mohammad ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Dinarvand Saeed ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Published: February 2021

In this analysis, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of an aqueous hybrid nanofluid with TiO2 and Cu as the nanoparticles past a horizontal slim needle in the presence of thermal radiation effect is investigated. We hope that the present research is applicable in fiber technology, polymer ejection, blood flow, etc. The Prandtl number of the base fluid is kept constant at 6.2. The needle is considered thin when its thickness does not exceed that of the boundary layer over it. Using the similarity transformation method, the governing PDEs are transformed to a set of non-linear ODEs. Then, the converted ODEs are numerically solved with help of bvp4c routine from MATLAB. Results indicate that the dual similarity solutions are obtained only when the slim needle moves in the opposite direction of the free stream. In addition, the first solutions are stable and physically realizable. Besides, the second nanoparticle's mass and also the magnetic parameter lead to decrease the range of the velocity ratio parameter for which the solution exists.
MÔ HÌNH THỜI GIAN RỜI RẠC NHIỀU CHU KỲ TRONG THỊ TRƯỜNG CHỨNG KHOÁN
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Ở Việt Nam, việc học và nghiên cứu Toán tài chính được hơn chục năm trở lại đây. Nhiều trường Cao đẳng – Đại học đang xây dựng chương trình học phục vụ cho Toán tài chính. Nên mục đích đầu tiên của bài luận văn là chỉ ra các khái niệm và kết quả cơ bản về Mô hình thời gian rời rạc trong thị trường chứng khoán. Nhằm có thể dự đoán sự biến động giá hay nghiên cứu sâu hơn về Toán tài chính.
FAM126A is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that family with sequence similarity 126 member A, encoded by FAM126A, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. FAM126A mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of FAM126A in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of FAM126A expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
UJIAN MAHASISWA ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Rigoasmarputra
Published: February 2021

Beberapa pendekatan antropologi hukum yang pada dasarnya mengkaji hukum sebagai sebuah kenyataan yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat (law in action), termasuk prospeknya dalam “memotret” gejala hukum di era reformasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa norma-norma state law disahkan oleh teks resmi (oleh negara) berbeda dengan norma-norma folk law yang disahkan melalui ketaatan akan seperangkat kebiasaan. Norma-norma state law disatukan melalui asal mula logikal dari suatu norma dasar yang berbeda dengan norma-norma folk law yang disatukan oleh ketaatan di dalam suatu masyarakat. State law sebagai proses dari pengadilan negara berbeda dengan folk law sebagai proses penyelesaian sengketa di luar lingkup Negara.Kajian Antropolgi Hukum di dalam perkembangan antropologi, masalah hukum sebenarnya juga sudah pernah ditelaah, walaupun di dalam suatu kerangka kebudayaan yang serba luas. Sarjana-sarjana antropologi seperti Barton, Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski dan lainnya, pernah memusatkan perhatian pada hukum sebagai suatu gejala sosial-budaya. Sesudah embrio dari antropologi hukum timbul, maka pandangan para sarjana seperti Schapera, Gluckman, Hoebel, Bohannan, Pospisil, Nader dan lainnya mempunyai peranan besar di dalam perkembangan A.H. (Soekanto, 1984: 159-160). Menurut Ihromi (1986; 3) relevansi menelaah hukum dari segi antropologi
Nhập môn toán tài chính
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Nhập môn toán tài chính: Nguyễn Tiến Dũng & Đỗ Đức TháiApril 3, 2014; SPUTNIK EDUCATION http://sputnikedu.com Quyển sách này được soạn thảo trong quãng thời gian 2009-2011. Bản ebook này với sự giúp đỡ của Sputnik Education, được công bố miễn phí cho bạn đọc, nhằm đóng góp vào sự nghiệp giáo dục ở Việt Nam. Nó có thể dùng làm tài liệu cho một khóa học về toán tài chính dành cho nhưng người theo các ngành toán học hay kinh tế và tài chính. Bản quyền thuộc về các tác giả.
Machine learning training to support diversity of opinion
Authors: christensen johanne , Watson Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Drawing from a small qualitative study of users during a training task for a machine learning system, we explore the implications of restricting the collection of training data to categorical labels alone in domains where subjectivity may be a necessity for serving the needs of a diverse user base. We advocate for new methods of producing labeled training data for machine learning that can discover and support diverse opinions. Such methods might include collecting additional data, using proxy measures of data accuracy, and applying survey methodology.
Music, Computing, and Health: A roadmap for the current and future roles of music technology for health care and well-being
Authors: Agres Kat Rose , Schaefer Rebecca , Volk Anja , van Hooren Susan , Holzapfel André , Bella Simone Dalla , Müller Meinard , de Witte martina , Herremans Dorien , Melendez Rafael Ramirez , Neerincx Mark A. , Ruiz Sebastian , Meredith David , Dimitriadis Theo , Magee Wendy L.
Published: February 2021

The fields of music, health, and technology have seen significant interactions in recent years in developing music technology for health care and well-being. In an effort to strengthen the collaboration between the involved disciplines, the workshop ‘Music, Computing, and Health’ was held to discuss best practices and state-of-the-art at the intersection of these areas with researchers from music psychology and neuroscience, music therapy, music information retrieval, music technology, medical technology (medtech) and robotics. Following the discussions at the workshop, this paper provides an overview of the different methods of the involved disciplines and their potential contributions to developing music technology for health and well-being. Furthermore, the paper summarizes the state of the art in music technology that can be applied in various health scenarios and provides a perspective on challenges and opportunities for developing music technology that 1) supports person-centered care and evidence-based treatments, and 2) contributes to developing standardized, large-scale research on music-based interventions in an interdisciplinary manner. The paper provides a resource for those seeking toengage in interdisciplinary research using music-based computational methods to develop technology for health care, and aims to inspire future research directions by evaluating the state of the art with respect to the challenges facing each field.
JANJI DAN KUASA ALLAH
Authors: Harahap Ramli
Published: February 2021

Kita telah memasuki Minggu Invokavit. Tema yang akan kita renungkan adalah “Janji dan Kuasa ALLAH”. Perjanjian adalah persetujuan, baik tertulis atau lisan, yang dibuat kedua belah pihak atau lebih, masing-masing bersepakat akan menaati apa yang termuat dalam perjanjian itu. Alkitab berbicara tentang perjanjian (covenant), misalnya perjanjian Allah dengan manusia dan alam. Allah membuat dan mengikat perjanjian dengan Nuh dan keturunannya sesudah peristiwa Air Bah. Allah berjanji tidak akan ada lagi hidup yang dilenyapkan oleh air bah. Sebagai tandanya, Allah menaruh pelangi di langit. Dengan melihat pelangi sebagai tanda di alam, Nuh dan keturunannya diingatkan pada kuasa dan kasih Allah bagi manusia dan alam semesta. Pelangi itu adalah tanda cinta Allah atas kehidupan. Bukan hanya manusia, melainkan segenap alam semesta mendapat kasih Allah. Allah berjanji untuk menjaga dan memelihara ciptaan-Nya. Dengan janji itu, manusia dan alam semesta mendapat kepastian akan masa depan kehidupan.
Ứng dụng mô hình logistic trong chấm điểm tín dụng và xếp hạng đối với khách hàng doanh nghiệp tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Sài Gòn Thương Tín chi nhánh Thừa thiên Huế
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Khóa luận Ứng dụng mô hình logistic trong chấm điểm tín dụng và xếp hạng đối với khách hàng doanh nghiệp tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Sài Gòn Thương Tín chi nhánh Thừa thiên Huế.Xếp hạng tín dụng là một công cụ khá quan trọng trong hoạt động quản trị rủi ro tín dụng của ngân hàng. Kết quả xếp hạng tín dụng của khách hàng là căn cứ quyết định cho vay và xác định giá cho vay. Nó cũng là cơ sở đánh giá chất lượng các khoản nợ và các quyết định về trích lập dự phòng rủi ro.
Kearns Sayer Syndrome- A Case Report
Authors:   Pokhariput F-103, Kokila Garden, Phase-2, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Mishra Reshmi
Published: February 2021

Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial disease was first described in 1958. The characteristic triad is age of onset less than 20 years, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, The prevalence rate of KSS is nearly 1–3 per 100 000 individuals. Here, we report a rare case of a 11-year-old male with KSS.
Critique on the Private Health Sector Regulatory Framework in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Senior Registrar (Medical Administration) Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka, MBBS, Diploma in Family Medicine, MSc (Medical Administration), MD (Medical Administration), Wijegunasekara Himali
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Many governments have permitted private providers to invest in health care, as a cost sharing effort. However, it is essential to assure the reliability, quality and safety of their service provision. Therefore, Regulations have been set out and supervised by regulatory bodies to improve quality, safety and effectiveness of care. In this regard, Sri Lanka has enforced the “Private Medical Institutions (Regulation) Act- No 21 of 2006” which is the foundation for the private health sector regulatory framework. Description: Private Health Services Regulatory Council was formulated for the regulation, registration, monitoring and inspection of private medical institutions and facilitate their development. Many functions are in operation to accomplish its objectives. Feeling: I feel contented about the well formulated and enacted regulatory framework; and rapid expansion of private health sector in infrastructure and in high technology; however, I feel unhappy about not having a proper mechanism for performance evaluation and disciplinary actions for any malpractices; and about weaknesses in coverage of registration. Evaluation: Presence of a Private Medical Institutions (Regulation) Act, regulatory framework and a Regulatory Council; clear objectives, multidisciplinary stakeholders; involvement of the Provincial Director and Regional Directors, formulating guidelines, Quality Assurance programs, and Health Information Management System were identified as good. Monitoring for registration of GP centres; dealing with malpractices; attending public complaints; performance evaluations; fulltime medical staff and Health Information System seemed to be not satisfactory. Analysis: Some factors such as legislative power; participatory decision making; improved accountability and responsibility; availability of network of field officers; and aiming at a standardized system have positively impacted on the performance of private sector. At the same time, inadequate fulltime medical personal, resistance of labor unions; taxation issues; inadequacy of resources and coordination have negatively impacted. Conclusions: Private health sector regulatory framework has shown both strengths and weaknesses in implementation. Recommendations: Recommendations were suggested to strengthen development of permanent medical staff, monitoring over registration and operations, performance displaying, implementation of penalties for malpractices, maintenance of Health Information System, and price stability.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Goiter Operated Patients in Kisangani (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Executive Director of Surgery for All RD Congo, Horizon Polyclinic, Kisangani, DR Congo, Kimoni Glorieux Bikyeombe , Kisenge Faustin Kasereka ,   Department of Surgery, General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery Service, Kisangani University Clinics, Kisangani University, Kisangani, DR Congo., Longombe Ahuka Ona ,   Department of Surgery, General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery Service, Kisangani University Clinics, Kisangani University, Kisangani, DR Congo.,   Surgery Service, Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic, Kisangani, DR Congo
Published: February 2021

Goiter is a real public health problem in the world and particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). We conducted this study with the aim of studying goiter in order to identify the profile of patients with goiter surgery. Materials and methods: We report a retrospective study, documentary analysis spread over 2 years, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, on 52 cases of goiter scheduled and operated in the surgical department of the Millennium Polyclinic in Kisangani, DR Congo. The data were encoded in the Excel file and grouped together in the form of tables then analyzed after percentage calculation. Results: Surgical goiter is a disease with a significant frequency in our environment. Most of the operated patients were female with 90.3% and came from the urban area in Kisangani with 34 cases or 65.3%. The clinic was marked by left and right lobar goiter as well as dysphonia and dysphagia as a symptom of compression. Conclusion: Goiter is still a serious public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The majority of patients have large, old goiter with noticeable respiratory symptoms.
To assess the hearing improvement in patients of Chronic Otitis Media Tubotympanic type post tympanoplasty
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of ENT, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut250005, Uttar Pradesh, india, Lokhna Harsh , Kumar Sanjay ,   Professor and Head, Department of ENT, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut250005, Uttar Pradesh, india, Bansal Anshul ,   Professor, Department of ENT, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut- 250005, Uttar Pradesh, india
Published: February 2021

Aim: To determine hearing improvement in type- 1 tympanoplasty by comparing mean preoperative air bone gap with mean postoperative AB gap. Material and method: Patients clinically diagnosed as 75 cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Tubotympanic Type Disease presenting to the ENT OPD of Chhatrapati Shivaji Hospital attached to Subharti Medical College, Meerut were taken up for study. Detailed clinical examination and history was taken. Pure tone audiometry was conducted, hearing loss and mean AB Gap was noted pre-operatively. X-Ray mastoid B/L Schuller’s view was done and findings were noted. Tympanoplasty type 1 with or without mastoidectomy was performed. Cortical mastoidectomy with type 1 Tympanoplasty was performed in patients having granulations & polypoidal middle ear mucosa along with sclerotic mastoid. All these patients were followed up post-operatively at 6 weeks. The status of graft uptake was noted. Pure tone audiometry was performed. Hearing loss and mean AB Gap results were compared with pre-operative findings. Results: In our study out of 75 patients, 33 (44%) patients were affected with Right ear and 42 (56%) patients were affected with Left ear. Hearing loss was the chief complaint in all 75 patients (100%) followed by blocking sensation. Post operatively 58 (77.33%) patients had normal hearing followed by 16 (21.33) patients who had mild hearing loss. Only 1 (1.33%) patient had moderately severe hearing loss. Pre-operatively, mean AB Gap was 46.62+/-7.89dB while post-operatively mean AB Gap was 23.43+/-5.52dB with statistically significant difference as p<0.05. Conclusion: In our study, the post-operative Mean AB Gap was improved significantly as compared to preoperative mean AB Gap.
Extensive Saliva based COVID-19 testing – the way forward to curtail the global pandemic?
Authors:   Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar, Doha, Varma Amit , Abubaker Muneer ,   Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar, Doha, Dergaa Ismail ,   Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar, Doha
Published: February 2021

With over 36 million people infected with COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic, testing has been most challenging process to identify and isolate individuals who are COVID-positive. The RT-PCR testing method has been the gold standard testing tool with a sensitivity and specificity of 95.2% and 98.9% respectively. However, this comes at a huge cost of the stress and anxieties of the testing process itself, especially for children as well as the requirements of health care professionals with PPE kits and the dangers of an aerosol generating procedure. We hence recommend the saliva testing kits as the suggested way forward to testing for the general population, especially for children, as they are highly sensitive and specific (98% and 91% respectively) as well as can be a much effortless process to test for COVID-19 and could certainly pave the way forward to mass testing as some countries are already planning to implement.
Bromelain and its potential therapeutic effects in COVID-19-induced respiratory complications
Authors:   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Esam Zohreh ,   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran, Taloki Zahra Nazari ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: February 2021

The new viral outbreak, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- has started since December 2019, and it has affected the whole world during recent months. There is not any specific antiviral treatment for this highly contagious and potentially fatal disease. Numerous different kinds of medicines are used to manage the conditions and treat COVID19 patients, but we are in a tough situation, since, COVID-19 is a multiple organ infection and SARS-CoV-2 possess different and unfortunately effective pathogenic mechanisms. Bromelain, with its numerous proven medicinal properties may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
Antioxidant and haematological potentials of fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of wistar rats after exposure to monosodium glutamate
Authors: Anuforo Philemon C , Egbuonu Anthony Cemaluk C , Egu Elizabeth U , Chukwunyere Ejike , Chikezie Precious , Ijioma Solomon N
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the antioxidant and haematological potentials of a fruit wastes from Terminalia catappa and observable trophic effect on weight of Wistar rats after acute exposure to monosodium glutamate. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats with mean weight of 120.61±15.15 g were divided into six groups (n=4). Group 1, the normal control (received distilled water), group II, the negative control (received 8mg MSG/g b.wt), group III, the extract control (received 300 mg extract/kg b.wt), group IV (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 100 mg extract/kg b.wt.), group V (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 300 mg kg-1 b.wt. extract) and group VI (received 8 mg MSG/g b.wt. + 500 mg extract/kg b.wt). Treatment was administered daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post-hoc test at p<0.05 and means were estimated and significant differences noted. DPPH antioxidant assay for the fruit wastes ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa endocarp revealed the extract produced 92.8% inhibition which is comparable to 96.07% inhibition produced by ascorbic acid at the same concentration, as well as, possessed FRAP activity in a concentration dependent manner. In vivo antioxidant assays carried out revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the MSG-treated group but the catalase (CAT) activity showed a non-significant decrease as compared to the normal control, confirming there was oxidative stress. However, treatment with the extract increased the activities of SOD and CAT perhaps due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids components. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in WBC and RBC and could be attributed to the potential of the extract to stimulate the immune system. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in MSG-extract co-administered rats showed a positive ameliorative effect of the extract in a dose dependent manner when compared to MSG group. Weight gain following extract administration was not dose dependent. The results showed that the fruit wastes had antioxidant potency and haematological potential. This bio-approach is promising as it solves the problem of environmental burden, as well as, serves economic benefits and hence, may become increasingly attractive.
History and Traditional uses of Tiryaq (Theriac): An important formulation in Unani medicine
Authors: Aleem Mohd , Khan Md Imran , Danish Mohd , Ahmad Ajaz
Published: February 2021

The history of Tiryaq is around 2000 years old and, since ancient times, has been regarded as a universal antidote. It was a complex compound consisting of many ingredients, originating as a cure for the bite of poisonous wild animals, mad dogs, or wild beasts. Tiryaq was not a usual antidote; it was not developed to cure or prevent a particular disease. It was a multi-medicine to protect against all poisons and treat different conditions, such as chronic cough, stomach-ache, asthma, chest pain, fever, colic, seizures, diarrhoea, and urine retention. The belief that Tiryaq could protect individuals from poisons and various maladies persisted well into the modern era, only gradually being dispelled by the progress of Western medicine founded on scientific principles. Tiryaq was taken off most formularies, although now it survived in India and a few European cities.
COVID-19 Return to Sporting Activities
Authors:   Rawdat Al Khail Health Center – Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar, Dergaa Ismail , Varma Amit ,   Consultant in Family Medicine, Rawdat Al Khail Health Center- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar, Rafi Mohammed Abdul ,   Rawdat Al Khail Health Center – Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Published: February 2021

Analysis of the directives suggested by various sporting confederations across the world concerning return to sporting activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, to assure a prudent beginning of the new season of sporting-events particularly for football as the leagues across the world begin, with the English Premier League starting on 12th September 2020.
Efficacy of a 9-week Exercise Program including Rectus Abdominis Eccentric Exercise in a Girl Patient Diagnosed with Thoracic Kyphosis
Authors:   Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Onan Dilara , Fırat Tüzün ,   Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ulger Ozlem ,   Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Published: February 2021

The increase in the prevalence of thoracic kyphosis in childhood and adolescence affects the whole spine, causing posture disruption, decreased muscle strength, and increased back pain and shortness. 7-8 weeks of exercise programs in conservative treatment of thoracic kyphosis are beneficial in reducing pain and correcting posture. In this case report, 9 weeks exercise program including rectus abdominis muscle eccentric strengthening exercise was found to be beneficial in reducing back pain and shortness, increasing muscle strength and correcting posture in a 13 years old girl.
Investigation of Fasting Plasma Glucose in Masters Athletes
Authors:   Sport Science Institute www.sportscienceinstitute.com, Walsh Joe , Heazlewood Ian Timothy ,   The School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Health, Science and the Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, DeBeliso Mark ,   Department of Physical Education and Human Performance, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, USA, Climstein Mike ,   Clinical Exercise Physiology, Southern Cross University, School of Health and Human Sciences, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,   Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Published: February 2021

Prior research documented differences in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between older and younger masters athletes at the Golden Oldies Rugby Festival (GORF). It was the purpose of our study to further investigate FPG on a larger sample. FPG data was collected on 486 participants at the Sydney World Masters Games. Of the males, 241 reported optimal FPG and 36 reported sub-optimal FPG. For females 183 reported optimal FPG and 26 reported sub-optimal FPG. Analysis was conducted utilising the age ranges implemented in past research on the GORF. The mean FPG for masters athletes below 50 years old was 5.10±1.52 mmol/L, whilst for those 50 years and above it was 5.01±1.02. The difference between the groups was not significant (t = 0.722, p = 0.471). This aligned with the finding of the GORF study that there was no significant difference in FPG between the different age ranges analysed. The sample size obtained for this investigation of FPG in masters athletes was more than double the number of participants used in previous research on the GORF. Many participants had FPG above optimal levels. Therefore, an age-related decline in pancreatic function may outweigh protective exercise benefits attained from masters sport participation.
Basketball Dribbling Techniques and Associated Factors among Female Sport Science Students of Hawassa University Ethiopia
Authors:   Teacher of Sport Sciences and Health Education in Watar, Kersa Preparatory school District, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, Aboma Lensa Mulugeta , Tolera Sina Temesgen ,   Lecture in Health and Medical Sciences of Haramaya University, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
Published: February 2021

Background: Basketball cannot contribute to the development of personal and social values in developing countries. The main factors were lack of participation in appropriate curriculum, insufficient equipment, economic, attitudinal problem and absenteeism. Objective: To assess basketball dribbling techniques and associated factors among female sport science/SS students of Hawassa University, Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study design was conducted on 384 female SS students from March 20th to April 30th, 2019. Bivariate and multivariate were performed with confidential intervals (CI=95%) to determine the factors affecting students’ performance. Result: The respondent rate of the study was 91.14%. The finding shows that 48% of the student were between 20 and 23 year old; 40 %; and 52% of them were those came from rural areas; and insufficient of financial support of female sport science students, respectively. Age [n=98; AOR: 2.11; ( 1.19, 3.45)]; rural [n=138; AOR: 3.242; (0.15, 0.32)]; and economic status [n=183; AOR: 4.01(1.32, 1.87)] were the common identified factors. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of the female sport science students had low perception of students towards basketball dribbling game; and there was inadequate time to demonstrate basketball and exposed to lack of facilities within the University.
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Carob Supplementation and Resistance Training on Lipid Profile and Irisin in Obese Men
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran, Jaffari Hassan , Abedi Bahram ,   Associate professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran, Fatolahi Hoseyn ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran
Published: February 2021

Dietary supplements and exercise stimulate metabolic control signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and carob supplementation on lipid profile and irisin in obese men. 40 obese men were randomly and equally divided into four groups including: control, carob supplementation, resistance training, resistance training + carob supplementation. The study included pre-test-intervention and post-test stages. Resistance training was performed for eight weeks and three sessions each week with an intensity of 55 to 75% 1-RM with gradual overload. The group of carob supplements also received three capsules of 500 mg per day of carob seed powder daily for eight weeks. In the third group, both interventions were performed. The hypotheses were tested using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Carob supplement alone had no significant effect on irisin and lipid profile (p≤0.05). However, resistance training group and the combination of resistance training + carob supplementation group showed a significant effect on increasing the irisin and lipid profile (p≤0.05). The findings of this study emphasize that regular physical activity is still the main factor in stimulating signaling pathways in the body. However, modification of herbal supplements and changes in their dosage require further studies.
Análisis del agro-negocio como forma de gestión empresarial en América del Sur: el caso uruguayo
Authors: Arbeletche Pedro , Coppola Macarena , Paladino Cintia
Published: February 2021

El Cono Sur de América Latina vive un proceso expansivo de la agricultura de granos que no registra antecedentes, por su magnitud e intensidad. En tan solo seis años se duplicó la producción de soja, pasando de 45 a 90 millones de toneladas anuales en esta región. Este proceso es consecuencia de grandes cambios tecnológicos asociados al surgimiento de la siembra directa, los transgénicos, y las TICs. Asimismo la demanda de commodities y la aparición de nuevos actores con lógicas y estrategias diferentes al productor tradicional, generan una dinámica de crecimiento y concentración productiva sin precedentes en Uruguay, el cual junto con la forestación, presiona al ganadero tradicional, generando intensificación y una fuerte presión sobre los recursos naturales. Las nuevas empresas se asemejan a la industria, en cuanto a la normalización y estandarización de procesos, tecnologías, financiamiento mediante fondos de inversión y la generación de redes de contactos y relaciones de negocios. Analizar los cambios en la gestión empresarial de las empresas agrícolas desde la perspectiva de la Economía Industrial, con especial énfasis en las empresas en red de la agricultura uruguaya, es el objetivo central del presente trabajo. Esto es posible, mediante la combinación de estrategias basadas en el análisis de información existente, entrevistas a expertos y metodologías que permitan entender a través de un modelo conceptual la forma, estrategias de trabajo y factores de éxito de las empresas en red.
Factors Influence Diabetes Mellitus Control at a Primary Health Care Facility in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Hoque Akm Monjurul , Hoque Akm Monjurul , Buckus Somaya , Hoque Maariyah , Hoque ME
Published: February 2021

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus, a non-communicable disease contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in South Africa. It is considered a silent epidemic in certain countries in the world with the incidence expected to rapidly escalate due to ageing of the population. Little is known about the treatment outcome from Primary Health Care facilities in SA. The study estimated control and determinants of diabetes control among rural black patients attended a PHC facility.
Method: A cross-sectional prospective design was adopted. Chi-square test was carried out to find significant association between dependent and independent variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression was performed to determine the significant predictor for diabetes control. Two-sided statistical tests were performed at 0.05 level of significance.
Result: A total of 240 DM patients were recruited and (68.7%) of them had HbA1c level measured) and only 49 (29.7%) were found with glycaemic control. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients those read newspaper daily or almost daily were almost three times (OR=2.6) more likely to have control. Patients those measured the blood sugar at home were 4.4 times more likely to have their diabetes controlled. It was found that knowing normal blood sugar had four times more chances of controlling their diabetes than those did not know. Duration of DM treatment (5-9 years) was 60% less likely to have DM control that those had 10 or more years of DM treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Glycaemic control of DM was poor and identified several factors towards diabetes control among DM patient. Training and education to healthcare workers and DM patients may lead to improve DM control.
Psychological Problems Experienced by Primary Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa
Authors: Hoque Akm Monjurul , Hoque Akm Monjurul , Buckus Somaya , Hoque Maariyah , ul Alam ABM Mahbub , Hoque ME , Singh N
Published: February 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted on healthcare workers globally. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among primary healthcare workers who constitute a vulnerable group is yet to be evaluated in South Africa. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers of a rural primary health care setting in South Africa.
Method: Self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional design was implemented among medical and nursing care professionals. Psychological problems were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression was performed to determine associated factors for psychological problems.
Results: The majority of HCWs were female (82.8%), of which 69.2% nurses and 56.6% single. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression disorders were 97.5%, 97.5% and 44% respectively. Females were 5.3 times (p<0.05) more likely to have stress disorder than males. Household size, perceived threat of family member not becoming infected with COVID-19 and having no concern of staff shortage were found to be protective for stress disorder (p<0.05). Healthcare workers who were not worried of getting infection and not worried of their family members getting infected found to be protective (OR<1, p<0.05) for anxiety disorder. Those 55 years or older were four times more likely to have depression (p<0.05) than their younger counterparts. Healthcare workers who were not worried of their family members would get infected and those were not worried to be infected were less likely (OR<1, p<0.05) to have depression disorder compared to those were worried.
Conclusion: Higher rates of stress, anxiety and depression were found among these HCWs. It is therefore imperative that appropriate and timely mental health care supports are provided to avert immediate and long term adverse psychological health outcomes of the HCWs.
Complications and Cure Rates of Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Negative Localization Studies
Authors: Abboud Bassam , Abboud Bassam , Assaf Georges , Yared Fares , El-Kheir Alaa
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This paper evaluates the outcomes of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism with
negative localization studies.
Methods: All patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with negative preoperative ultrasound and MIBI
scan who underwent parathyroidectomy were retrospectively included. Three groups were defined. Group
1 included the patients with negative ultrasound and MIBI. Group 2 included the patients with negative
ultrasound and positive MIBI. Group 3 included the patients with positive ultrasound and negative MIBI.
Results: In Group 1, 51% and 86% of patients had one adenoma and atypical localizations respectively.
Unique adenoma and atypical localizations were showed in 87% and 93% of patients in Group 2
respectively. In Group 3, 83% and 17% of patients had one adenoma and atypical localizations respectively.
No cervical hematoma was noted. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 2 patients. Seven
patients required postoperative calcium supplementation for 2 to 5 months, and one had recurrent
hypercalcemia at follow-up. Cure rate was 98,3%.
Conclusion: When US and MIBI were negative, multiple lesions and atypical localizations were frequent.
The success rate and postoperative complications were not affected with this event.