bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konzeption und Gestaltung von Learningstreams
Authors: Link Maike , Schmidhäuser Paul , Fehrle Anna
Published: June 2021

Der Wandel der Arbeitswelt erfordert angepasste Qualifikations- und Kompetenzprofile. Um den Anforderungen nach lebenslangem und praxisrelevantem Lernen nachzukommen, gilt es die Lernorganisation neu zu denken. Ein relevantes Lernkonzept in diesem Zusammenhang ist das „Blended Learning“. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie Lernprozesse („Learningstreams“) entlang dieses Konzepts sowohl methodisch als auch didaktisch konzipiert und anhand der Verknüpfung verschiedener Methoden und Trainingsformate gestaltet werden können.
Das TMKB-Modell
Authors: Maier Markus , Fischer Tobias
Published: June 2021

Das TMKB-Modell beschreibt einen Weg, den persönlichen und unternehmerischen Erfolg im beruflichen Alltag effizient und nachhaltig zu erreichen. Hierbei steht TMKB für den Transfer von Methoden und Kompetenzen in den Beruf. Dieses Modell beachtet die Theorien der Kompetenzentwicklung im Kontext realer Problemstellungen in Unternehmen. Beispielhaft wird das TMKB-Modell in der ersten Stufe mit dem Schwerpunkt Lean- und Projektmanagement erläutert. Die Zielgruppe dieses Ansatzes lässt sich über die der Auszubildenden bis hin zu Studierenden und Berufserfahrenen erweitern.
Neue Planungsmethodik für Anlagen mit Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration
Authors: Kurth Johannes , Wagner Marcel
Published: June 2021

Die Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration (MRK) ist weiterhin in aller Munde. Es gibt erfolgreiche Anwendungen. Der große Durchbruch hat jedoch noch nicht stattgefunden. Ein wesentlicher Grund liegt darin, dass MRK in der Einführungsphase nur in bestehende Anlagen integriert wurde, die aber nicht für MRK vorbereitet oder geeignet sind [1]. Die ganzen Vorteile von MRK werden erst bei Neuanlagen nutzbar, aber auch nur dann, wenn neue Methoden zur Planung der Anlage genutzt werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Änderungen notwendig sind, und stellt eine erweiterte Planungsmethodik sowie Planungsprinzipien für MRK vor.
Demontageeffektor für Schraubverbindungen mit ungewissem Zustand
Authors: Rieß Simon , Laub Jannis , Coutandin Sven , Fleischer Jürgen
Published: June 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird die systematische Entwicklung einer Schraubeinheit für Industrieroboter vorgestellt, mit derer Hilfe ein Roboter die Demontage von Elektromotoren vornehmen kann. Aufgrund der Anwendung im Remanufacturing, haben die Elektromotoren bereits einen Lebenszyklus durchlaufen und zeichnen sich durch ungewisse Produktzustände aus. Der Schraubeffektor ist unabhängig davon im Stande, verschiedene Schrauben zu lösen und dabei Messwerte aufzunehmen.
Künstliche Intelligenz in optischen Mess- und Prüfsystemen
Authors: Marquardt Erik
Published: June 2021

Bildverarbeitungssysteme sind in Geräten und Anlagen der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik weit verbreitet. Nun werden immer mehr Bildverarbeitungssysteme mit KI, konkret mit künstlichen neuronalen Netzen, ausgestattet. Werden diese Systeme die Bildverarbeitungswelt auf den Kopf stellen? Oder ist KI in optischen Mess- und Prüfsystemen ein Hype-Thema, das bald wieder vergessen ist? In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die Konzepte der klassischen Bildverarbeitung und der KI-basierten Systeme gegenüber, diskutieren die jeweiligen Stärken und Schwächen und arbeiten die Chancen heraus, die sich dadurch ergeben.
Die Bautätigkeit der Päpste Julius II., Leo X. und Paul III. in Rom und deren Wahrnehmung in der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Kollmann Thekla
Published: June 2021

Building Operations under Pope Julius II, Leo X and Paul III in Rome and their Perception in the First Half of the 16th CenturyThe following seminar paper examines the perception of building projects in Rome under Pope Julius II, Leo X and Paul III in the first half of the 16th century. On the one hand, contemporary reports show that measures to beautify and improve the streets of Rome generally left a positive impression among the Roman population. On the other hand, a letter written by Raffael Sanzio to Leo X criticized reconstruction efforts as they led to drastic changes, for example in demolishing numerous ancient monuments.
Max Weber und der Geist des Marxismus? Der „Historische Materialismus“ in Webers Werk
Authors: Dietrich Marcus
Published: June 2021

Max Weber and the spirit of Marxism? “Historical Materialism” in Weber’s workMax Weber's methodological and historical approaches are often seen as a refutation of Karl Marx's epistemological and socio-economic theories. However, Weber developed his theories several decades after Marx, and the following paper discusses the question of whether there are traces of Marx's work in two of Weber's most influential publications. The aim is to show that there are lines of argumentation in both his methodological framework and his historical analysis that point to a certain, albeit subtle, influence that Karl Marx's theory of "historical materialism" exerted on Weber.
Vorarlberg in den Krisenjahren 1816 und 1817: Gründe und Auswirkungen
Authors: Guggenberger Florian
Published: June 2021

Vorarlberg in the Crisis Years 1816 and 1817: Reasons and EffectsBetween 1812 and 1817, the so-called "Little Ice Age" in Central Europe reached its climax. During this period, the summers were two to three degrees colder than the 20th century average. In addition to the economic depression caused by the Napoleonic Wars, the eruption of the volcano Tambora in April 1815 further exacerbated the situation. The consequences of the climatic changes affected the whole world and resulted in the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. The effects of the climatic fluctuation also had an impact on the following year with famines and natural disasters still being a huge problem. Also in Vorarlberg, this resulted in terrible disasters: Flooding, avalanches and crop failures led to years of crisis in Vorarlberg.
Coercive Capitalism
Authors: Cohn Samuel
Published: June 2021

Coercive capitalism is development based on the use of force to dispossess either land or labor. Early macrosociologists, both functionalist and conflict-oriented, believed that feudal systems were based on the use of force but that capitalism is based on coercion-free free markets. Wallerstein argued that coercive capitalism exists in the periphery of world systems. We argue that coercion is endemic to all capitalism. Much of the land on which capitalism is based, including all of the Western Hemisphere, was seized from aboriginal populations. Land seizure was common in historic Europe. Forced labor existed until very recently in both bound apprenticeships and prison work crews. Coercion is used extensively in land acquisition for contemporary capitalism. It can take the form of legal sanctions exerted against the defenseless, or the use of paramilitaries and gangsters to exert pressure on the landholding poor.
Pro-Capitalist Violence and the Great Wave of Dispossession
Authors: Hristov Jasmin
Published: June 2021

This article aims to theorize the role of violence in securing and promoting conditions for capital accumulation in the era of globalization by focusing on neoliberal development projects in the global South. To this end, I introduce the concept of pro-capitalist violence, with an emphasis on its manifestations in agrarian contexts in Colombia, Mexico, and Honduras—countries that rank as the deadliest places in the world for defenders of land rights and the environment. I show that not all collective violence in these countries is a product of organized crime, gangs, or armed conflict between states and guerrilla groups. The central argument is that pro-capitalist violence has been an essential instrument enabling the neoliberal agrarian restructuring of Latin American countries through dispossession and repression. The article develops two propositions as an entry point to theorizing pro-capitalist violence: its structural embeddedness, exposed by capturing its positive interaction with economic and security legislation; and its multifaceted nature, shown by tracing its different modalities.
Analysis and optimization of process parameters of the degradable fiber mulch paper made from pineapple leaf and rice straw by response surface method
Authors: Ming Xianglan , Li Qichao , Feng Jinlong , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2021

To improve the utilization rate of pineapple leaf and crop straw, and provide technical support for making biodegradable fiber mulch paper through organic cultivation, the process and properties of the degradable fiber mulch paper made from pineapple leaf and rice straw were studied. The degradable fiber mulch paper was prepared as a hybrid composite in which pineapple leaf fiber and rice straw fiber were used as raw materials, and environmentally friendly agents were added. A four-factor five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation central composite design of the response surface method was employed. The beating degree of pineapple leaf fiber, basis weight, addition ratio of pineapple leaf fiber, and wet strength agent content were process parameters; dry tension strength, wet tension strength, and bursting strength were objective functions. The optimal technology parameters of pineapple leaf and rice straw fiber mulch paper were 70 to 90 g/m2 basis weight of pineapple leaf fiber, 17% to 25% addition ratio of pineapple leaf fiber, 55 °SR beating degree, and 1.5% wet strength agent content. According to the tensile strength and bursting strength standards, the degradable fiber mulch paper made from pineapple leaf and rice straw was feasible. The results provide theoretical basis and technical support to use pineapple leaves and rice straw to make degradable mulch paper.
Some actual problems of mastering of Hegel's legacy: “phenomenology of spirit” in ukrainian translations of Hegel's legacy
Authors: Burkovskyi Ihor
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with two Ukrainian translations of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (on the example of Introduction): a contrastive critical review is presented (involving a number of translations of the book into other languages), numerous errors were found in both (as well as, although not in such a concentration, in other translations). Given the well-known extreme difficulty of Hegel's Phenomenology, it is quite natural that the first Ukrainian attempts to interpret it, without sufficient preparation, were not successful. An adequate Ukrainian translation of this work is to be performed in the future: further considerations on this issue are transferred to the announced next article regarding other translations of Hegel.
Dynamics of specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone
Authors:   Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kaglyan A.Ye. , Gudkov D.I. , Кіreev S.I. , Кlenus V.G. , Belyaev V.V. , Yurchuk L.P. , Drozdov V.V. , Hupalo O.O. ,   State Specialized Enterprise “Ecocenter” of the SAEZ of Ukraine, Chornobyl, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The results of the assessment of levels of radionuclide contamination of fish during 2013 - 2019 in the reservoirs of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (lakes Azbuchyn, Vershyna, Hlyboke, Daleke, Yanivsky Backwater, Chornobyl NPP cooling pond) are presented. It was found that the concentration of 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of water bodies during the study period continued to decrease, while the concentration of 90Sr, with some exceptions, remained unchanged or increased. The concentration of radionuclides in fish of the studied reservoirs was about 60 - 5000 times for 90Sr and in 3 - 200 times for 137Cs higher than the permissible levels for fish products accepted in Ukraine.
Operative assessment of radioactive contamination of agricultural land for their return to use
Authors:   Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khomutinin Yu.V. , Levchuk S.E. , Pavlyuchenko V.V.
Published: June 2021

Significant regression dependencies between ambient equivalent dose rate and 137Cs contamination density, as well as between 137Cs and 90Sr contamination densities were obtained. An economically inexpensive approach to estimating the density of soil contamination by 137Cs, 90Sr, and plutonium isotopes with controlled uncertainties has been proposed and tested. The approach allows also the immediate evaluation of the density of radionuclide soil contamination even if there is a contamination gradient within the agricultural land.
Radiometer for measuring gamma-radiation, beta-particles and neutrons based on DRG-05M dosimeter
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Venedyktov V.M. , Shevel V.M. , Libman V.A.
Published: June 2021

As a result of the modernization of the DRG-05M dosimeter, a convenient device was obtained, which allows estimating the level of gamma- and X-ray radiation, beta-particles, and neutrons without changing the detector heads. Two devices were manufactured and a third one was prepared for metrological certification.
Ações executadas no Programa Saúde na Escola e seus fatores associados
Authors: Medeiros Eliabe Rodrigues de , Fernandes da Silva Soares Manoelle , Cruz Rebouças Danielle Gonçalves da , Matos Neta Maria Nazaré Chacon de , Bezerra e Silva Sandy Yasmine , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar a associação das ações dos componentes I (com ações de avaliação clínica e psicossocial) e II (com ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças e agravos) do Programa Saúde na Escola com a sua localização territorial, categoria e qualificação profissional.
Materiais e métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, normativo e de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2017 com instrumento construído com base nas normatizações do programa. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste exato de Fisher) com o auxílio de um software estatístico e social.
Resultados: 84,8 % dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e com tempo médio de atuação de 7,2 anos no Programa Saúde na Escola. As ações mais frequentes foram avaliação da saúde bucal (50,5 %), avaliação antropométrica (39 %) e avaliação da situação vacinal (35,2 %). Houve associação das ações desenvolvidas com a localização territorial (p = < 0,05), a categoria profissional (p = < 0,040) e a qualificação profissional (p = 0,001).
Conclusões: as ações do Programa Saúde na Escola mais frequentemente desenvolvidas são relacionadas ao componente de avaliação clínica. Elas são executadas a partir das necessidades territoriais, influenciadas pelos profisisonais da saúde, e são pautadas pela gestão do programa. É oportuno utilizar esses achados para readequar a oferta das ações do Programa Saúde na Escola.
Usuarios de un programa de ejercicio físico y el riesgo de prediabetes
Authors: Asenjo-Alarcón José Ander , Hernández Fiestas Richard Williams
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: estimar el riesgo de prediabetes según los factores que presentan los participantes de un programa de ejercicio físico de la provincia de Chota, Perú.
Metodología: estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, desarrollado con 112 participantes pertenecientes a un programa de ejercicio físico. Se utilizó una guía de interpretación para analizar los factores de riesgo y la prediabetes en los participantes, la cual fue adaptada de una asociación norteamericana y dos instituciones de salud peruanas. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron el odds ratio de prevalencia (ORP), la fracción etiológica poblacional (FEP) y el chi cuadrado de independencia.
Resultados: el sedentarismo (ORP = 3,62), el exceso de triglicéridos (TGC) (ORP = 2,26) y el sobrepeso (ORP = 2,22) fueron los factores de riesgo identificados en los participantes. Según la FEP, si se interviene de manera adecuada y oportuna sobre estos factores, disminuiría la frecuencia de prediabetes en 8,57, 15,24 y 21,40 %, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de prediabetes en los usuarios estudiados fueron el sedentarismo, el exceso de TGC y el sobrepeso, resaltando al sedentarismo como el de mayor implicancia. Estos factores de riesgo, que reportaron una relación estadísticamente significativa con la prediabetes, pueden ser controlados y modificados. Por lo tanto, las intervenciones preventivas y promocionales en el primer nivel de atención deben fortalecerse y efectuarse mediante un trabajo integral y sostenible, con la finalidad de disminuir las cifras de prediabetes y condiciones conexas.
ORAI3 contributes to hypoxia-inducible factor 1/2α-sensitive colon cell migration
Authors: Zhu D. , He R. , Yu W. , Li C. , Cheng H. , Zhu B. , Yan J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Hypoxia is a pivotal initiator of tumor angiogenesis and growth through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This study set out to examine the involvement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in colon cancer and ascertained whether ORAI3 was involved in the pathway.

Materials and methods

Patients and murine models as well as human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor (CW2) cells were included to examine the levels of ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α levels. Calcium imaging was utilized to ascertain the activity of calcium channel. Scratch assay was used to assess the migration capacity of the cells.

Results

Tumors from murine colon cancer xenograft models and patients with colon cancer displayed high ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α levels. Hypoxia treatment, mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vitro, increased ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α expression as well as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Of note is that HIF-1/2α silencing decreased SOCE, and HIF-1/2α overexpression facilitated SOCE. Furthermore, ORAI3 rather than ORAI1 expression was inhibited by HIF-1/2α silencing while increased by ML228. Luciferase assay also confirmed that ORAI3 was elevated in the presence of ML228, indicating the linkage between HIF-1/2α and ORAI3. Additionally, colony-forming potential and cell migration capacity were decreased in siHIF-1α and siHIF-2α as well as siORAI3 cells, and the facilitating effect of ML228 on cell migration and colony-forming potential was also decreased in siORAI3 CW-2 cells, which points out the importance of ORAI3 in HIF1/2α pathway.

Conclusion

Our findings allow to conclude that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α facilitate ORAI3 expression, hence enhancing colon cancer progression.
A secularização no pensamento de Charles Taylor: uma análise de resultado de pesquisa
Authors: Campos Breno Martins , Jeudy Josner
Published: June 2021

Segundo os dados quantitativos aferidos por Maurílio Ribeiro da Silva, em sua religiografia (estado da arte) das pesquisas sobre a temática da secularização nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião no Brasil, podemos observar que o assunto (secularização) interessa cada vez mais aos estudos de religião no Brasil; além disso, notamos que o autor Charles Taylor – mesmo com toda a importância de sua obra-prima, o livro Uma era secular – pode ser considerado ainda pouco debatido em teses e dissertações defendidas na área das Ciências da Religião em nosso país. Assim, trata-se este texto, original em sua concepção e redação, e fundamentado em perspectiva metodológica bibliográfica e exploratória, de uma “análise de resultado de pesquisa” (categoria específica de trabalho científico) sobre a dissertação “Secularização no pensamento de Charles Taylor” – inserida num cenário temático ampliado acerca da secularização, seus sentidos e suas consequências no mundo moderno ocidental.
A leitura crítica da Bíblia
Authors: Kaefer José Ademar
Published: June 2021

Este artigo versa sobre a leitura crítica da Bíblia. Para esta prática é essencial a capacidade de se estabelecer perguntas ao texto. Perguntas possibilitam respostas, que ampliam o horizonte do conhecimento. O conhecimento possibilita colocar o texto bíblico em contato e em diálogo com o entorno cultural que participou da constituição do conteúdo do próprio texto. O exercício da leitura crítica deve se estender também à exegese e ao que se convencionou chamar de “arqueologia bíblica”, ciências essenciais para a análise aprofundada do texto bíblico. A leitura crítica da Bíblia, por fim, levará à prática da leitura crítica da sociedade e vice-versa.
HLA diversity in the Russian population assessed by next generation sequencing
Authors: Khamaganova E. G. , Leonov E. A. , Abdrakhimova A. R. , Khizhinskiy S. P. , Gaponova T. V. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: June 2021

Next generation sequencing is used to determine full-length sequences of HLA genes at the 4-field (allelic) resolution. The study was aimed at determining frequency and diversity of HLA alleles in a cohort of blood donors from the Registry of the National Research Center for Hematology who design ated themselves as Russians (including some not routinely typed variations in HLA gene regions). The studied population consisted of 1510 donors. HLA typing was performed by next generation sequencing. Libraries were performed with AllType NGS Amplification Kits (One Lambda, USA) and sequenced using MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Data analysis used the TypeStream Visual Software V2.0.0.68 (One Lambda, USA) and IPD-IMGT/HLA database 3.40.0.1. Arlequin 3.5 software was used for estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 82 HLA-A, 156 HLA-В and 85 HLA-С alleles were identified with four-field resolution. 45 HLA-DRB1 and 18 HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified with 2-3-field resolution. Considerable HLA diversity was found among the donors self-designated as Russians: the population had large numbers of distinct alleles at each HLA gene, high percentage of alleles (25-32% of HLA class I) were revealed only once. Sufficient numbers of new alleles were registered which are absent in the IPD-IMGT/HLA database. Considerable allelic diversity in Russian population is due to low-incidence alleles. Despite this diversity, the majority of HLA alleles detected at each locus were common. Significant HLA diversity of the donors was connected with a large number of alleles with rare occurrence. The novel alleles identified in our study differed from the known alleles by single nucleotide substitutions. The most common alleles at the four-field level were as follows: A*02:01:01:01 (27.1%), C*07:02:01:03 (13.1%), A*03:01:01:01 (13.0%), B*07:02:01:01 (13.0%), A*01:01:01:01 (11.6%) and C*07:01:01:01/16 (10.4%). The HLA alleles, which are common for Russian populations, are not always common or well-documented alleles in present catalogues. The data obtained in this study may be used as a reference sample for estimation of HLA allele frequencies in Russian population, for proper frequency evaluation of specific alleles when searching donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as for association studies between HLA alleles and different diseases, and for research in population genetics.
Immunotropic effects of vitamin D3 in original rectal suppositories in experimental ulcerative colitis
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Boyko M. S. , Simonyan E. V. , Ushakova V. A.
Published: June 2021

Increased incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prerequisite for searching new therapeutic approaches, primarily with an opportunity of site-directed impact on the colon lesion. UC pathogenesis is associated with dysregulated immune response, and limited effectiveness of basic therapy for the disorder. Vitamin D3 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other properties, it has been shown to be effective in some autoimmune diseases, thus prompting us to study its effect on immune status in UC. We aimed for studying the effect of vitamin D3, as a component of original rectal suppositories, upon clinical course and indexes of immune status in experimental UC. UC in rats was modeled with 3% oxazolone solution. The vitamin D3-containing suppositories (1500 IU) weighing 300 mg were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 6 days. On days 2, 4 and 6 of UC, the clinical features were assessed as well as blood leukocyte counts, numbers of CD3+, CD45RA+; absorbing and NBT-reducing abilities of blood neutrophils were determined; IgM, IgG, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in serum were also studied.

The DAI index increased in non-treated UC, along with raised neutrophil numbers in blood, their absorption and NBT-reducing activity was also increased, the total number of lymphocytes, including CD3+, CD45RA+became higher, serum concentrations of IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 increased. Local use of vitamin D3 in UC reduces DAI parameters, causes decrease in blood neutrophil counts, reducing and partially restoring absorptive and NBT-reducing abilities of neutrophils, decline of total lymphocyte counts in blood, partially restoring the CD3+and CD45RA+ numbers, causing decline and partial restoration of serum IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 concentrations. An association between clinical signs and indexes of immune status in UC was established under the conditions of vitamin D3 use. Conclusions: The protective effect of vitamin D3 in UC can be mediated by its antioxidant effect, changes in production of immunoregulatory cytokines, modulation of Th1-, Th2-, Th17-dependent reactions and Treg activity, being a pre-requisite for further studies to clarify the mechanism of vitamin D3 immunotropic action in UC,with an opportunity of using it in clinical practice.
Recent achievements in CAR-T cell immunotherapy for glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Timofeeva S. V. , Sitkovskaya A. O. , Novikova I. A. , Ezhova M. A. , Lysenko E. P. , Kit O. I.
Published: June 2021

Glioblastoma remains the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor today. Because of the neuroanatomical location of glioblastoma, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have limited efficacy in patients with these tumors. Over the past decade, antitumor immunotherapy has become widespread among modern therapeutic approaches. The importance of immunotherapeutic methods lies in their ability to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment and prevent relapses by enhancing the systemic and local immune response against tumor cells.

One of the most promising directions in modern immunotherapy is CAR-T therapy, or adoptive cell therapy using genetically modified T-lymphocytes. The functional advantage of CAR-T therapy is its ability to genetically modify lymphocytes, leading to their activation in vitro.

This review examines the key principles of CAR-T therapy and analyzes the published results of clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma using several modifications of CAR-T cells.
Significance of nutrient media choice for the long-term cultures of leukemic T-lymphoblasts
Authors: Litvinova L. S. , Yurova K. A. , Shchupletsova V. V. , Gazatova N. D. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Malashchenko V. V. , Shunkin E. O. , Todosenko N. M. , Melashchenko E. S. , Khlusova M. Yu. , Khlusov I. А.
Published: June 2021

Correct choice of nutrient media for culturing different types of cells in various applications is one of the most important aspects of modern biotechnology, since chemical composition of the culture media largely contains the necessary metabolites to support certain cells’ growth lines outside the body. Jurkat line of human leukemic T-lymphoblast-like cells (hereinafter Jurkat T-cells) is actively used for in vitro modeling of intracellular signaling and activation of normal blood T-lymphocytes mediated by the T-cell receptor/CD3/ CD4 complex in toxicological studies of immune and secretory responses, to test medicinal substances and ions. Also, Jurkat T-cells are widely used for ex vivo testing in immunology, oncology, toxicology, orthopedics, and traumatology. The existing standards and numerous studies are mainly based on short-term in vitro cultivation of Jurkat T-cells in RPMI 1640 nutrient medium. Meanwhile, the issues of long-term maintenance of the growth of Jurkat T-cells culture are poorly presented in the research literature. This study aimed for studying the activity of Jurkat T-cells over 7 to 14 days of in vitro culture and comparing the relative value of RPMI 1640 and αMEM media for the behavior of immunocompetent tumor cells. Using flow cytometry, multiplex analysis, and phase contrast Cell-IQ microscopy, the proportions of living cells and those dying by apoptosis and necrosis, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and the dynamics of cell biomass propagation were studied. It was found that the αMEM medium in the complete nutrient medium, as compared with RPMI 1640, is more appropriate to in vitro promotion of cell viability (increased proportion of viable cells by 13.5% at the day 14), their secretory ability for 23 из 27 tested biomolecules, shortened adaptation time (на 32%) in culture before growth initiation, 5-fold increase of the Jurkat Т-cell cellularity by the day 7. Potential significance of the chemical components of nutrient media and secreted biomolecules for these results is discussed. As based on the results obtained, we concluded on superior properties of αMEM medium for long-term in vitro cultures of Jurkat T-cells. Consequently, the in vitro testing of medical devices intended for long-term contact with the body, including those for cancer patients, using Jurkat T-cell leukemia line in RPMI 1640 medium, may lead to wrong predictions on their biocompatibility and potential antitumor activity.
Pathogenic characteristics of intracellular infection in chlamydiosis
Authors: Markina A. N. , Kapustina T. A. , Parilova O. V. , Belova E. V.
Published: June 2021

This review analyzes scientific data and systematized information regarding microbiological aspects and pathogenesis of chlamydia infection. Chlamydia are obligate intracellular microorganisms that are sensitive to any human cells where energy parasitism is possible: various types of epithelium, fibrocytes, histiocytes, glial and muscle cells, squamous epithelium of the meninges and eyeball, neurons, monocytes, macrophages. Structure, chemical composition and enzymatic activity of Chlamydia closely resemble those in Gram-negative bacteria, as they retain their morphological identity throughout the life cycle, possess cell wall, ribosomes, DNA, RNA, biochemical elements of glycolysis, tissue respiration, peptose production being sensitive to some broad-spectrum antibiotics, and are able to vegetative form division. In recent decades, the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of chlamydial lesions in the urogenital tract, nervous, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and bronchopulmonary systems have been actively studied, and new approaches and treatment schemes for chlamydia-infected patients are still developing. Over many decades, Chlamydia infection has been an important and urgent problem, not only due to its high prevalence, but also because of high rate of complications negatively affecting populational health and related demographic parameters. Chlamydia causes multiple diseases resulting in chronization of inflammatory process in all human organs and systems, and affects reproduction of population. Mandatory statistical recording of chlamydiosis cases introduced as early as in 1994 in the Russian Federation does not reflect the actual incidence rate. A rise in number of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract caused by Chlamydia undoubtedly increases its etiological importance, but data regarding etiopathogenetic role of Chlamydia in ENT pathology are ambiguous and contradictory. Available publications describe a large range of variation in rate of detected Chlamydia due to poor awareness of doctors about the microbiological properties of chlamydia, pathogenetic and clinical features of clinical signs of this infection, and lack of common and clear understanding on the algorithms for identifying and treating chlamydiosis. Since the majority of chlamydia-associated nosological forms are asymptomatic, knowing pathogenetic features of related will allow to prevent the spread of the infection and reduce subsequent socio-economic consequences.
Polymorphism of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in acute intestinal infections
Authors: Epifantseva N. V. , Vitkovsky Y. A. , Emelyanova A. N.
Published: June 2021

Acute intestinal infections are widespread and hold the second place among infectious diseases, giving way solely to respiratory diseases. In this regard, much attention has been paid to examining acute intestinal infections, including immunopathogenetic mechanisms. And since proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines play an important role in development of inflammatory reactions affecting disease severity and outcome, it becomes reasonable to study polymorphism of genes governing production of related molecules. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine the polymorphism in the IL-1β Т31С and IL-2 T330G genes; such mutations were characterized by nucleotide replacement affecting the gene promoters, which influenced production rate and level of the relevant cytokines. There were enrolled 108 patients with acute intestinal infections comprising main group as well as 94 apparently healthy subjects in the control group. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood leukocytes by using a DNA-express-blood reagent, followed by conducting amplification reaction with two pairs of allele-specific primers. The polymorphism in the IL-1β, IL-2 genes was determined by PCR with primers purchased from Litech LLC (St. Petersburg). Data processing was carried out by using the statistical Statistica 6 suite software. While assessing the carriage rate of IL-1β T31C gene polymorphic markers by using the multiplicative inheritance model in both groups, the prevalence of the normal T allele and, respectively of the —31TT and —31TC genotypes with OR = 1.83 and an interval of 1.04—3.22 (χ2 = 6.35, p = 0.04, df = 2) was found, which allowed us to identify a relationship between the carriage of IL-1β в gene heterozygous variant and potentially elevated risk of AII. Regarding the IL-2 T330G gene, it was found that pathological G alleles was more markedly abundant in patients with acute intestinal infections compared to control group. Analyzing diverse IL-2 T330G carriage rate in patients with acute intestinal infections revealed that carriers of the TG heterozygous variant predominated — 56.48% (χ2 = 17.75, F = 0.000031), whereas pathological genotype GG was found in 13.89% (χ2 = 12.31, F = 0.000663, p 0.05), with high probability of the relationship between carriage of these genotypes and a risk of disease development (OR — 3.63 [1.97—6.68] and OR — 6.91 [2.12—22.59]). Hence, the carriage of polymorphic variants of the IL-1β T31C and IL-2 T330G genes was associated with elevated risk of developing AII in case of infection with pathogenic microorganisms.
“Estrutura da Celula Nervoza”, by Bruno Lobo and Gaspar Vianna (1908): a pioneering work on Brazilian Neuroscience
Authors: SANTOS-LOBATO Bruno Lopes , PITTELLA José Eymard Homem
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Currently, the scientific production in Neuroscience in Brazil is very rich, but, historically, it has been scarce at first. The aim of this study is to present the work “Estrutura da Celula Nervoza”, by Bruno Lobo and Gaspar Vianna (1908), as a pioneering work for Brazilian science.
Estratificação de territórios prioritários para vigilância da doença de Chagas crônica: análise multicritério para tomada de decisão em saúde
Authors: Lima Mayara Maia , Costa Veruska Maia da , Palmeira Swamy Lima , Castro André Peres Barbosa de
Published: June 2021

Para o reconhecimento da magnitude da doença de Chagas crônica no Brasil, é necessário rearticular as ações de vigilância em saúde, buscando o desenvolvimento de uma ampla rede hierarquizada de serviços distribuída geograficamente, para prover atendimento aos milhares de cidadãos acometidos pela infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi. O objetivo do trabalho foi elaborar um modelo de priorização de municípios para a vigilância da doença de Chagas crônica, a fim de ofertar cuidado integral às pessoas afetadas pela enfermidade. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise multicritério utilizando o algoritmo PROMETHEÉ II implementado no software Pradin. Os critérios de avaliação do modelo foram compostos de três índices construídos a partir de indicadores (a) epidemiológicos diretamente relacionados à doença de Chagas crônica, (b) decorrentes da evolução da doença de Chagas crônica, e (c) relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde. A Escala Fundamental de Saaty foi utilizada para definição dos pesos dos indicadores, com maior importância aos diretamente relacionados à doença de Chagas crônica e àqueles com maior confiabilidade e respectiva qualidade de informação. A avaliação da consistência dos modelos se deu em comparação com dados disponíveis das áreas historicamente endêmicas, com a distribuição de casos agudos, e outras análises de sensibilidade. O modelo mais adequado foi definido por 1.345 municípios de média prioridade, 1.003 de alta e 601 como muito alta prioridade para doença de Chagas crônica, com maiores proporções nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste. A priorização permite à gestão racionalizar e direcionar recursos, sendo essencial para identificar os territórios onde as pessoas infectadas estão vivendo, a fim de promover a assistência integral e melhorar a qualidade de vida.
Elaboration of mangaba vinegar by semi-solid fermentation combined with enzymatic activity: chemical characterization and sensory evaluation
Authors: Siqueira Ana Elisa Barbosa , Silva Elaine Pilati da , Santiago Emanuelle dos Santos , Teixeira Érico Tasso Leite Barros , Mesquita Juliana de Andrade , Cristo Paula Fernanda Rondon Ferreira de , Ávila Mayara Chagas de , Nascimento Edgar , Spinosa Wilma Aparecida , Sousa Demétrio de Abreu
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to produce vinegar from mangaba pulp using semi-solid alcoholic fermentation combined with the enzymatic activity of pectinase and to investigate the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of the final product. was evaluated for volatile acidity and the reduced dry extract was evaluated for ashes, alcohol content, sulfates, pH, total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, color parameters, yield, productivity, and sensory analysis. Average and standard deviation was used for descriptive statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to all variables except total carotenoid content. Physicochemical characterization of the raw and alcoholically fermented pulp was also carried out. The main results showed that, in the vinegar, the reduced dry extract, volatile acidity, pH, and ashes were 44.3±1.5 (g/L), 4.4±0.1 (% w/v), 3.1±0.0, and 3.0±0.41 (g/L), respectively. The total phenolic compound content and total carotenoid content for the mangaba vinegar were 19.2±8.20. mg/100 g and 2.6±0.6. mg/100 g, respectively. The conversion yield from ethanol to acetic acid was 90%. PCA showed that pH and volatile acidity had a strong influence on the product, and there was a strong positive correlation between color and aroma. The final product met all legal requirements, showing that it is possible to produce mangaba vinegar with antioxidant potential for consumers. In the sensory evaluation, it was favored by the tasters, demonstrating potential economic value in the Cerrado fruit.
Leishmania infantum in the reproductive organs of dogs
Authors: Silva Diogo Tiago da , Alves Maria Luana , Spada Julio Cesar Pereira , Leonel João Augusto Franco , Benassi Julia Cristina , Starke-Buzetti Wilma Aparecida , Ferreira Helena Lage , Keid Lara Borges , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Oliveira Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: Leishmania infantum causes canine leishmaniasis. Using parasitological and molecular analyses, we identified L. infantum in the reproductive organs of male and female dogs. Using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and PCR, we examined tissue samples from the reproductive organs of 8 male dogs and 16 female dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis. Despite the absence of macroscopic or microscopic lesions in these organs, we observed L. infantum amastigotes in tissue samples from the testis and the uterus. PCR and sequencing of these tissues revealed sequences that matched 100% with L. infantum DNA available at GenBank. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes and DNA in testicular and uterine tissue samples suggested that these organs can harbor the parasite without associated macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and this can be especially important in the vertical and venereal transmission of leishmaniasis in dogs.
Sweet Potato Flour as a Replacement for Ground Corn as an Energetic Concentrate
Authors: Mibach Marilisa , Demarco Claudia Faccio , Barbosa Antonio Amaral , Oliveira Lisandre de , Corrêa Marcio Nunes , Pino Francisco Augusto Burkert Del , Rabassa Viviane Rohrig , Schmitt Eduardo , Kozloski Gilberto Vilmar , Brauner Cassio Cassal
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of substitution of ground corn by sweet potato flour on intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and total Nitrogen (N) retention in sheep fed mixed diets based on corn silage. Eight castrated male sheep were used, kept in metabolic cages. The animals received fixed proportions of oat hay, corn silage and soybean meal. The control group (0%) received only ground corn, while the other groups received different levels of inclusion of sweet potato flour (SPF) to replace ground corn, in the proportions of 33%, 66%, and 100%. The 0% and 33% groups had lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake than the 66% and 100% groups. There was a trend (P = 0.07) of effect of treatments on crude protein (CP) intake with a significant positive linear effect (P = 0.03). There was a trend (P = 0.07) for treatment effects in N intake with a significant positive linear effect (P = 0.03). The other parameters as urine N excretion (P = 0.91) and feces N excretion (P = 0.16) were not affected by the replacement of ground corn by SPF. Moreover, there was no effect on N retention (P = 0.43) and on efficiency of N use (P = 0.69). Adding SPF to a diet instead of corn did not alter the microbial protein parameters. The inclusion of sweet potato flour did not cause changes in the protein metabolism of animals, suggesting it can be used instead of corn.
Classification accuracy of different pork quality evaluation methods in assessment of meat with lowered drip loss
Authors: Tarczyński Krystian , Zybert Andrzej , Sieczkowska Halina , Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk Elżbieta , Antosik Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: This study compared the diagnostic value of pork quality evaluation methods using different pH threshold values and time-points with muscle metabolites concentration threshold values measured 45 min. post mortem in assessment of meat with lowered drip loss. Samples of 100 longissimus dorsi (LD) (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc fatteners were examined after slaughter for following parameters: muscle acidity in 35 min, 2 h, 3 h, 24 h and 48 h (pH1, pH2, pH3, pH24 and pH48), colour lightness (L*, a*, b*), meat yield after curing and thermal processing in 72 °C (technological yield), water-holding capacity (WHC) and drip loss in 48, 96 and 144 h (DL48, DL96, DL144). To verify the accuracy of analysed methods two groups were distinguished according to DL48, e.g. Low DL (DL48≤4%) and High DL (DL48>4%). In High DL pH1 to pH48 were statistically lower while L*, WHC, DL48, DL96, DL144 were statistically higher (P≤0.05). On the basis of pH-dependent methods classification to RFN (red, firm, normal), PSE (pale, soft, exudative), DFD (dark, firm, dry) and AM (acid meat) was performed and then the percentage share of Low DL and High DL among meat classified as RFN was evaluated. Despite most samples were classified as RFN Low DL share among them did not exceed 50%. If meat sample shows metabolites concentration below threshold value and was assigned to Low DL (or was assigned to High DL above threshold value) it was regarded as correctly classified. The most promising cut-off point (correct classification of 73%) was 45 µmol both for glycogen and lactate.
Aplicação da Semiotécnica Pulmonar por Médicos Residentes e Internos de um Hospital Universitário
Authors: Sousa Rilva Lopes de , Cruz Cristiane Bezerra da , Lima Júnior Zailton Bezerra de
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Verifique-se como médicos residentes e internos de um hospital de ensino empregam a semiotécnica respiratória e como registram os sons pulmonares, comparando os termos usados com a proposta internacional de uniformização terminológica emanada dos Symposium of Lung Sounds (1985). A pesquisa foi observacional, com revisão de 712 prontuários de pacientes internados nas enfermarias de clínica do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). O exame completo dos pulmões foi registrado em apenas 2,4% dos casos; a inspeção foi mencionada em 24%, a população em 9,9% e a percussão em 2,4% dos casos, enquanto a ausculta foi registrada em 99,6%dos prontuários. Nenhum relatório apresentou referência aos termos da nomenclatura simplificada (sons contínuos/descontínuos), e alguns termos antigos (sopro tubário, broncofonia e atrito pleural) não foram mencionados. Esses dados indicam que, no exame clínico do tórax, houve valorização apenas da ausculta e que, nesta técnica, as modificações terminológicas mais recentes não foram incorporadas à prática nos registros de médicos residentes e internos da clínica médica do HULW/UFPB.
Fatores de Influência na Escolha de Carreira de Docentes Médicos
Authors: Sobral Dejano T.
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho averigua os padrões de influência de uma variedade de fatores na escolha da área de atuação profissional por decentes de um curso de Medicina. Um questionário com 25 itens foi preenchido por 95 docentes médicos. Diversos tipos de análise estatística foram efetuados para caracterizar os atributos do instrumento e os padrões de diferença nas respostas. Os resultados mostram consciência interna e variação de influências nas respostas ao questionário. Cinco dimensões de influência foram identificadas: altruísmo e visão social, modelo de orientação, curiosidade intelectual, compatibilidade pessoal e conveniência prática. Os participantes revelaram, em conjunto, nível positivo de múltiplos aspectos de influência, mais forte para itens de curiosidade intelectual e de compatibilidade pessoal. Subgrupos com níveis de influência distintos foram identificados, especialmente em função de percepções de altruísmo e visão social e de modelo de orientação. Os padrões de respostas docente relacionam-se com vinculo à disciplina clínica, mas não com gênero, tempo de experiência ou graduação na própria escola. Os achados sugerem a utilidade do questionário na diferenciação de padrões de respostas associados ao sentido da escolha da carreira e ao perfil de orientação da escola médica.
Resin matrix ceramics – mechanical, aesthetic and biological properties
Authors: ALVES DE LUCENA Mariana , RELVAS Adriano , LEFRANÇOIS Mauro , VENÍCIO AZEVEDO Marcos , SOTELO Pablo , SOTELO Laura
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Resin matrix ceramics consist in a polymeric matrix with predominantly inorganic refractory compounds which may include porcelain, glass, ceramics, and glass ceramics, and are divided into three subgroups: Nanoceramics, Vitroceramics, and Zirconia-silica. The aim of this study was to compare, through a literature review, the mechanical and biological properties of resin matrix ceramics, with glass matrix ceramics and polycrystalline ceramics. After reviewing 44 articles found in the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database (studies published in English, human clinical studies, in vitro or in vivo studies) that evaluated some properties of this material, such as elasticity modulus, wear resistance, adhesiveness, stain resistance and hardness, this article concluded that, although they belong to the same group, resin matrix ceramics are different from each other due to their microstructures. Moreover, when compared to other ceramic groups, it showed some superior properties, such as flexural strength, fatigue strength and internal adaptation.