bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Geography Animated with Intentions: Reclaiming Indigenous Vitality through Land-Based Decolonial Struggles in Frantz Fanon's Algeria Writings
Authors: Jhingran Nanya
Published: February 2025

The paper reads Wretched of the Earth alongside Toward the African Revolution and A Dying Colonialism, and meditates on Fanon’s attention to the dynamics of geology, geography, and infrastructure in colonial and revolutionary Algeria. Across his work(s), Fanon can be read as charting the matrix of fixity/mobility, arrest/frenzy, and death/vitality to demonstrate how colonial logics of progress and innovation depend on the production of social death and fractured temporalities, the annihilation of geographically-specific indigenous infrastructure, and the death of the colonized body as the necessary condition for colonial advancement. Anticolonial violence therefore emerges as the privileged form of revolutionary struggle because it remobilizes the indigenous population and engages the peasantry in the reclamation of land through the destruction of colonial infrastructure. Through this relational focus on the indigenous land, body, and infrastructure the paper seeks to understand how the neocolonial infrastructures of our present, that exhaust our revolutionary capacities, must needs be destroyed and replaced with geographically and indigenously responsive institutions in order to revitalize decolonial revolutions.
From Online Danmei Literature to Web Series: A Study of Chinese Internet-based Adaptations Under Censorship
Authors: Yan Yumo
Published: February 2025

On June 30 th 2017, “General Rules for Reviewing Netcasting Content” were issued by the China Netcasting Services Association that for the first time officially banned homosexual content from web series. Adapting their scripts from popular online danmei literature, Chinese danmei web series consequently faced severe challenge as to how to stay true to the original literature without showing explicit homosexuality on screen. Centering on this dilemma in danmei web series adaptations, this paper engages predominantly with the 2017 policy, reviews the space that web series initially opened up for homosexual representations that were not allowed on TV, and argues how this space is not entirely closed despite the 2017 censorship policy. By using a 2018 danmei web series, Guardian, as a case study, this paper examines the ways in which the series in question hints at covert queer edges and reveals a new spectator-platform relationship that is forming under censorship.
Use of Whatsapp Messaging in Enhancing Public Participation in the Budgeting Process
Authors: Juma George Omondi , Otieno Millicent , Oluoch John
Published: February 2025

Globally, the use of Whatsapp messaging has gained power. Just like many social media platforms, Whatsapp provides a platform for instantaneous sharing of information. Many people in Migori County have not been able to participate in the county budgeting process because of ineffective communication channel. The purpose of the study was to design a feasible Whatsapp messaging adoption model which can be used by Migori county government to enhance public participation in budgeting process. The objective of this study was to examine the use of Whatsapp messaging in enhancing public participation in budgeting process. This study used a survey design because it involved exploring people’s opinion and attitudes towards the use of Whatsapp messaging. It was underpinned on the Technology Acceptance Mode (TAM) and Participatory Development Theory. The study was conducted in Awendo, Rongo and Suna East Sub Counties in Migori County, with a study population of 143,468. A sample size of 399, comprising of 392 individuals drawn from the general public, and 7 county government staff sampled using systematic random and purposive sampling method respectively, participated in the study. Analysis was done through narration and measures of frequencies for qualitative and quantitative data respectively. The researcher did content validity with the assistance of an expert and test-retest to examine the validity and reliability respectively. This study revealed that majority of the respondents proposed the use of WhatsApp messaging for public participation because of its convenience, timely communication, and ease of use. The respondents however indicated that issues of the high cost of bundles, non-inclusivity and poor coordination should be addressed. It was concluded that the county of Migori has not embraced WhatsApp messaging budgeting process. The study recommended the adoption of WhatsApp messaging by Migori County. Use of voice messages is necessary to enhance WhatsApp messaging communication.
How Wesleyan Theological Methodist Approach has Shaped Education in Kenya
Authors: Kinoti Mary Kathambi
Published: February 2025

Methodist education has been widely viewed as a tool for evangelism and societal improvement, thereby contributing enormously to personal, educational, social and spiritual development. This holistic development is achieved through encouraging Christians to seek what is good and acceptable to God rather than conforming to the patterns of the world. The history of Methodist education is described by John Wesley, who viewed education as a channel to accessing God’s grace. This paper aimed to describe how Wesleyan Methodist approach has contributed to shaping theological eduaction in Kenya. Through systematic review, the paper provides insights into the development and value of Methodist education in Kenya. The literature reviewed indicates that besides being a life changing experience, Methodist education is recognized for the values it instills in children and learners, which include self control, understanding, strong work ethics, and commitment to serving others. These virtues have been achieved despite declining enrollment in Methodist schools and fear of religious indoctrination among some parents. The significance of Methodist education in higher education and the general education system in Kenya has also been discussed in this study. The study recommends the need for a value-based education system that supports intergration of Methodist education into holistic education system in Kenya and beyond.
Role of Parental/Guardian Involvement in the Implementation of Competency Based Curriculum Project in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County, Kenya
Authors: Gedi Farhiya , Kamau John N.
Published: February 2025

In 2016, Kenyan government adopted the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) education model. The CBC model was meant to replace the 8-4-4 curriculum.  It seeks to help learners to demonstrate ability to apply skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes acquired during learning. There is need for a resolute effort from stakeholders for the CBC project accomplishment. The current research examined how parents/guardians’ involvement in their children’s learning process influenced the outcomes of CBC educational model in public schools in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County. The study was guided by Transformational Theory and descriptive research design was adopted to collect quantitative data. Validity of the questionnaire items was ensured through a pilot study. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and returned an alpha value α of 0.78. The study used censure method to recruit 74 participants that comprised grade five teachers in public schools in Tarbaj Sub-County. The researcher used descriptive statistics such as standard deviation, mean, percentage, as well as frequency to summarize basic features of the data. Inferential statistics such as regression analysis and correlations were also used to analyze data. The findings indicated that low involvement of parents/guardians as co-educators translated to low success rates in the adoption of CBC model of education in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County. The study fortifies the relevance of CBC project leaders’ intervention in inspiring and empowering parents/guardians to play their role as co-educators effectively.
РАННЯЯ ИСТОРИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДРЕВНЕЙ ДЕЛЬТЫ СЫРДАРЬИ И ЕЕ ЗАСЕЛЕНИЯ (ПО АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ДАННЫМ ДО НАЧАЛА I ТЫС. Н. Э.)
Authors: Утубаев Жанболат , Болелов Сергей
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается история оседло-земледельческих культур Восточного Приаралья, требующаяизучения с учетом влияния гидрографического фактора из-за тесной связи с функционированиемамударьинских и сырдарьинских дельтовых протоков. В древней дельте Сырдарьи выделяются четыресистемы протоков: Инкардарья, Жанадарья, Кувандарья и Пракувандарья. Установлено, что южная,Инкардарьинская система русел, и самая северная, Пракувандарьинская, функционировали уже в эпохунеолита и бронзы. В раннем железном веке на территории древней Сырдарьинской дельты расселяютсясакские племена. Во второй половине I тыс. до н. э. режим обводнения южных дельтовых протоковменяется. Вероятно, уже в середине I тыс. до н. э. отмирают некоторые участки водотока в среднем теченииИнкардарьи, прежде всего в южном ее русле. В это же время формируется более выпрямленноеширотное русло Жанадарьи. В южной части дельты, на широтных руслах Жанадарьи и старицах Инкардарьи,создаются благоприятные условия для формирования оседлой земледельческо-скотоводческойкультуры, хозяйство которой основывалось на отгонном скотоводстве и ирригационном земледелии.Такой культурой явилась Чирикрабатская археологическая культура, сложившаяся, по мнению исследователей,на основе культуры сакского населения. Наряду с этим, ее формирование шло под влияниемдревнеземледельческих культур Средней Азии.
Global risk mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and H5Nx in the light of epidemic episodes occurring from 2020 onward
Authors: Dupas Marie-Cécile , Vincenti-Gonzalez Maria F , Dhingra Madhur , Guinat Claire , Vergne Timothée , Wint William , Hendrickx Guy , Marsboom Cedric , Gilbert Marius , Dellicour Simon
Published: February 2025

Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting poultry and wild water birds, posing significant global challenges due to its high mortality rates and economic impacts. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks, particularly those caused by H5N1 and its variants, have surged since their first occurrence in 1959. The HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have notably expanded its geographical reach, affecting numerous countries, diverse avian species, and now wild and domestic mammals. Using an ecological niche modelling approach, this study aims to elucidate the environmental factors associated with the increased HPAI H5 cases since 2020, investigate potential shifts in ecological niches, and predict new areas suitable for local viral circulation. Focusing on H5N1 and H5Nx strains, we have developed ecological niche models for HPAI case in both wild and domestic birds while considering two distinct periods: 2015-2020 and 2020-2022. Key environmental predictors include chicken and duck population density, human density, distance to water bodies, and several land cover variables. Post-2020, we observe a notable increase in the relative importance of some of these predictors, such as intensive chicken population density and cultivated vegetation. The resulting risk maps reveal notable ecological suitability for local HPAI H5 circulation in Europe, Asia, as well as North and South America, with notable expansions of the areas at risk post-2020. The spatial distribution of HPAI H5 occurrences in wild birds appears to be primarily influenced by urban areas and open water regions. Overall, global risk maps derived from our models identify regions at risk where surveillance and control measures should be prioritised. Finally, our analyses also highlight a shift in the diversity of species affected by HPAI outbreaks, with a higher variety of avian species, particularly sea birds, being impacted post-2020. This increased diversity suggests that ecological shifts in HPAI H5 circulation may be accompanied by a broader range of susceptible species. Overall, these results further contribute to the understanding of HPAI epidemiology.
Characterization of Different Soil Types under Cocoa, Cashew and Rubber Fields in Center-West Region of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Roger Bayala , Firmin Konan Kouamé , Anastase Kouassi Kouamé , Aimé Ouattara Sonlena , Sidiky Bakayoko
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study was to characterize physical parameters of soils cocoa, cashew, and rubber fields.
Study Design: The study had a random design. In each field 3 plots with 10 m apart was established.
Place and Duration of Study: Data collection was carried out in Haut-Sassandra region, located 31.5 km from Daloa (6°45’0”N, 6°34’60”W, at 235 m sea level), between February and April 2023.
Methodology: We dug 3 pits per plot for the description of the soil. Each pit was 80 cm wide, 100 cm long and 120 cm deep. The soil profile was described horizon by horizon where thicknesses were determined, physical characteristics and colors were distinguished. Soil samples were taken to determine the purposefulness, retention and permeability of soil types.
Results: The results revealed variations in soil type, texture, and porosity. Soils under rubber and cashew cultivation contained a higher proportion of fine elements compared to those under cocoa cultivation. The upper horizon of these soils was richer in organic matter and exhibited a darker color. The soil under cocoa cultivation was identified as a Modal Ferralsol (ferralitic soil of modal type), while the soil under rubber trees was classified as a desaturated Ferralsol (desaturated ferrallitic soil), and the soil under cashew trees was a Vertisol. Soil porosity measurements showed that cocoa soils had the highest values. Among the different soil types studied, cocoa cultivation is considered moderately favorable to this crop.
Conclusion: The particle size analysis reveals a higher proportion of sand in soils under cocoa trees, compared to those under rubber and cashew. In short, the soil of cocoa has properties particularly adapted to the cultivation of cocoa trees, promoting its optimal development.
Impact of Vermicompost and Cattle Manure on Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Productivity and Essential Oil Accumulation in a Semi-Arid Region
Authors: A.E.Abdelzaher Rania , S.A.Hosny Samia , H.Ali Saddam , M.A Bakir , A.Nassar Said
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the innovative combination of vermicompost and cattle manure to enhance the productivity and fruit quality of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) El-Shami cv in arid regions. The novel approach aims to evaluate the synergistic effects of vermicompost and cattle manure on growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters of prickly pear trees, providing a sustainable solution for improving agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions under water-scarce conditions for this important crop. A three-year field experiment (2022-2024) was conducted in Al-Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, using a randomized complete block design. Prickly pear trees were treated with various combinations of vermicompost (5, 10, and 15 kg/tree) and cattle manure (10, 20, and 30 kg/tree), while a control group received no amendments (chemical fertilizers). Key growth such as plant height and cladode area, fruit yield, and fruit quality parameters, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and oil content were measured.
The combined application of vermicompost and cattle manure significantly improved growth, yield, and fruit quality. The highest yield increase (25%) was observed with the treatment combining 15 kg vermicompost and 20 kg cattle manure. This treatment also resulted in the highest TSS at (12.3%) compared to (9.2%) in the control Notably, vitamin C content increased by 15% with 15 kg vermicompost + 30 kg cattle manure and oil content peaked at a maximum of 7% across combined treatments compared to 4% in the control.These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating vermicompost and cattle manure to optimize prickly pear production and enhance fruit quality. This sustainable approach can significantly improve agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions addressing both food security and environmental conservation in water-scarce environments.
Screening of Native Isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Rhizoctonia solani under In vitro Condition
Authors: Toorray Nitin Kumar , Chandrakar Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2025

Production and inhibitory effect of volatile compounds of Trichoderma isolates and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested by dual culture technique against the Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma isolates were isolated from various places of Rajnandgaon, Raipur and Durg district of Chhattisgarh.  The study about screening of native isolates of Trichoderma harzianum aginst R. solani in vitro revealed that all native isolates of T. harzianum were significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. The maximum reduction in mycelial growth of R. solani from volatile compounds was recorded in Th-4 followed by Th-1, Th-2, Th-5 and Th-3. The study of native P fluorescens on mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of R solani revealed that all P. fluorescens isolates significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. The mycelial growth of R. solani was highly inhibited by Pf-05 isolate (with 7.94mm mycelial growth and 91.18% decrease over control). The study about screening of native bioagents, Trichoderma and Pseudomonas revealed that the bioagent isolates significantly reduced the mycelial growth of R. solani under In vitro.
Comparative Analysis of Exercise Difficulty in Triangle Sections of Chinese and Vietnamese Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Chen Guo , Yang Xinyu , Chen Beibei , Mai Tran Hien , Ye Lixia
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the quality of mathematics education, optimise the level of textbook writing and promote cultural exchange between China and Vietnam, this paper selects the junior high school mathematics textbooks of Zhejiang Education Edition in China and Kite Edition in Vietnam as the research objects, and uses the comprehensive exercise difficulty model to compare the difficulty of exercises in the "triangle" section of the textbooks from both countries. The research results show that there is no significant difference in the overall exercise difficulty between the two versions of the textbooks, and both exhibit a distribution characteristic of relatively high exploration and reasoning factors, followed by computation factors and knowledge content factors, with the background factor being the lowest. However, in terms of the computation factor, the Zhejiang Education Edition places more emphasis on "symbolic computation", while the Kite Edition tends to favor "numerical computation" in comparison. These research findings can provide certain references for the two countries in the compilation and use of examples and exercises in mathematics textbooks.
Donor Site Morbidity in Skin Grafting: A Comparative Study of Cobbett Knife and Zimmer Electric Dermatome
Authors: Ukpebor Famous Dickson , Esezobor Emmanuel E. , O. Awe Oluwafemi , Ogbetere Friday Emeakpor
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Skin grafting in many low resource centres is mostly harvested with Humby Knife and its various modifications. However, there is a gradual paradigm shift to the use of the electric dermatome. This study aimed to compare the rate of re-epithelialization of donor site wound, pain index, and scar formation using Cobbett Knife with Zimmer electric power dermatome in harvesting partial thickness skin grafts.
Materials and Methods: The study comprised 76 patients recruited over a one year period. The patients were randomized into two groups (A and B) using systematic sampling. Those in group A had their donor site harvested with Cobbett Knife, while those in group B had their donor site harvested with Zimmer electric power dermatome. The predictive variables were the percentage rate of re-epitheliliazation, assessment of pain index, and scar formation. The outcome variable was to use a photographic picture on the 10th, 14th, and 21st day respectively to assess the rate of re-epithialization. A Numerical rating scale was employed to assess the pain index.
Results:  There was no significant difference in the donor site morbidities between Cobbett knife and Zimmer electric dermatome in the percentage rate of re-epithelialization and evaluation of scar formation with a P-value of 0.304 and 0.416 respectively. However, data analysis of donor site pain between Cobbett knife and Zimmer electric dermatome was statistically significant with a P- value of 0.042 and 0.031 respectively, in patients with mild pain at the 6th hour and 3rd day. There was no statistically significant difference on the 10th day with a p- value of 0.857. 
Conclusion: From this study, the use of the Cobbett knife for the harvest of partial thickness skin graft is comparably the same as Zimmer electric power dermatome in terms of re-epitheliazation and scar formation. However, Cobbett knife is associated with more intense early post-operative pain compared to Zimmer electric power dermatome.
National Prevalence of Social Risk Factors at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Nguyen Kevin H. , Giron Nicole C. , Cole Megan B.
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study estimates positive screening rates for 4 social risk factors and assesses federally qualified health center characteristics associated with higher positive screening rates.
Variation in Young Driver Training Requirements by State
Authors: Walshe Elizabeth A. , Romer Daniel , Aagaard Nina , Winston Flaura K.
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates graduated driver licensing laws and requirements for behind-the-wheel training or adult-supervised practice for drivers younger than 18 years.
The forgotten forests: Incorporating temperate peat‐forming wet woodlands as nature‐based solutions into policy and practice
Authors: Milner Alice M. , Baird Andy J. , Davidson Scott J. , Lines Emily R. , Abrahams Dan , Ahiable Crystal A. E. , Barsoum Nadia , Bryant Marion , Dear Emma , Diack Iain , Duley Emma , Noach Adam , Roland Thomas P. , Smedley David
Published: June 2024

Peat‐forming wet woodlands (forested wetlands) are naturally occurring carbon‐dense ecosystems that have considerable potential to form an important part of net zero woodland establishment and peatland strategies, as well as provide crucial co‐benefits to restore biodiversity and regulate hydrological systems. Despite their potential, temperate peat‐forming wet woodlands have been widely lost, are critically understudied and are being overlooked in land‐use strategies.

Unlike temperate ‘dry’ woodlands, some wet woodlands are peat forming and can store large amounts of carbon below‐ground in peat in addition to the carbon in the tree biomass. The complex structure of these peat‐forming wet woodlands creates high abiotic heterogeneity, resulting in a wide variety of microhabitats to support high levels of biodiversity, and this structural complexity can also increase water storage in the landscape and slow flood flows, providing natural flood protection.

Co‐written by experts in academia and UK Government, we highlight critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of peat‐forming wet woodlands that, once addressed, could form the basis for radical changes to their inclusion in net zero and land‐use policies.

Policy and practice implications: The significant role that peatland restoration has to play in reaching net zero presents an immediate policy opportunity to consider the full range of ecosystems to achieve net zero targets, while protecting and enhancing socio‐ecological sustainability. In co‐writing this paper, our aim is to stimulate discussion and sharing of knowledge between those involved in research, policy and practice in order to strengthen the evidence base for peat‐forming wet woodland re‐establishment and future management. We call on researchers, policymakers and land managers to take temperate wet woodlands from understudied and overlooked, to integrated ecosystems that hold great promise in the contributions they can make as nature‐based solutions.
Mechanical Computing with Transmissive Snapping of Kirigami Shells
Authors: Yang Yi , Feng Jin , Holmes Douglas P.
Published: June 2024

Continuum shape‐morphing structures with the capability to encode memory and execute logic operations have garnered significant interest for the development of mechanical systems with embodied intelligence and soft robots. Achieving the integration of memory and computing within a mechanical system necessitates building blocks that possess a range of tunable, metastable states. Prior efforts have been dedicated to constructing mechanical memory and logic through the exploitation of snap‐through instabilities in multistable structures. Typically, the creation of each logic gate demands a distinct structural design. Here, presents an unconventional design strategy that leverages a single kirigami architecture to perform and switch between multiple fundamental logic operations. By utilizing the kirigami architecture as the fundamental element, mechanical signal transmission is demonstrated and half‐adder computations are performed. It is envisioned that this design strategy can be applied to a wide range of materials and structures, and reduce the complexity of developing materials systems with embodied intelligence.
Electric‐Responded 2D Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Induce Uniform Zn2+ Deposition for Efficient Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Weihang , Xu Dongming , Ruan Pengchao , Wan Yuanlang , Meng Xinyu , He Qiong , Liu Kuhang , Wang Yijiang , Chai Simin , Song Yijian , Xie Yiman , Chang Zhi , Pan Anqiang
Published: June 2024

Aqueous zinc‐metal batteries (AZMBs) have demonstrated inspiring potential for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, their further utilization is impeded by issues such as severe side reactions and the uncontrolled penetrating dendrites growth. In this study, an innovative approach to modify the aqueous electrolyte with 2D black phosphorus nanosheets (denoted as 2D BP nanosheets) is proposed. The 2D BP nanosheets under the electric field acted as a unique electron directional migration character, can dynamically homogenize the electric field, facilitate homogeneous Zn2+ conduction. The nanosheets covering on the protuberances can also induce stable and homogeneous Zn2+ deposition, thereby effectively inhibit the formation of penetrating dendrites. More importantly, this special protective interlayer can further prevent the direct contact between reactive Zn‐metal and activated water molecules, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of undesirable side‐reactions. The incorporation of BP nanosheets induced significant improvement in electrochemical stability and reversibility for AZMBs. As a result, Zn//Zn symmetric batteries based on 2D BP nanosheets added electrolyte exhibited steady cycling for over 2800 h at 1 mA cm−2 1 mAh cm−2. Zn//NVO full‐cell preserved 78.85% capacity even after ultra‐long 1000 cycles. The successful application of 2D BP nanosheets introduce a novel method to accelerate the practical application of AZMBS.
Graphene Aerogel Armed 3D Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as Versatile Anode Platforms for Sodium‐Ion Storage Devices
Authors: Tian Huan , Jia Yaduo , Wang Yutai , Qiao Yawen , Ji Puguang , Zhang Chengwei , Gou Huiyang , Wang Gongkai
Published: June 2024

The rise of Na‐storage devices has put forward higher requirements for Na‐storage anode materials with large capacity, long service life, and fast rate capability. Mesoporous carbons, either as active materials or as hosts for guest active nanoparticles, are considered as promising electrode materials. However, addressing the issues of their short lifespan resulting from volume variation and the low coulombic efficiency caused by large surface area via a facile porous structure design still remains a challenge. Herein, a versatile phosphorus‐doped mesoporous carbon (PMC) armed is developed by graphene aerogel (GA) (GA@PMC) for hosting Na‐storage active nanoparticles. As a case study, FeSe2 nanoparticles are selectively supported onto this GA@PMC matrix, creating the FeSe2/GA@PMC composite. When employed in typical Na‐storage devices, such as Na‐ion batteries, Na‐ion hybrid capacitors, and Na‐ion based dual‐ion batteries, the FeSe2/GA@PMC electrode consistently demonstrates superior electrochemical performance. In such GA@PMC, the conformal GA can improve the entire conductivity while decreasing the specific surface area that is directly contacting with electrolyte. The interconnected macroporous structure can not only promote the diffusion of Na+ but also buffers the volume change of the guest active nanoparticles. This bespoke carbon platform synergistically endows the electrode material with enhanced rate capability, cyclic stability, and coulombic efficiency, which are being expected in advanced Na‐storage devices.
Enhanced Cycleability of Micron‐Size Silicon Anode by In Situ Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Cheng Zexiao , Chen Weilun , Zhang Yi , Xiang Jingwei , Tang Danlei , Ji Haijin , Li Jiapeng , Huang Yunhui , Yuan Lixia
Published: June 2024

Silicon is widely recognized as an ideal anode material due to its high specific capacity, low lithiation potential, high abundance, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the immense volume expansion during the lithiation leads to pulverization of silicon particles, which causes electrode failure with a rapid capacity decay. Herein, the polymerized 1, 3‐dioxolane (PDOL) electrolyte is used to stabilize the micro‐silicon Si anode via in situ polymerization route. The conformality of the quasi‐solid electrolyte suppresses the pulverization of the Si microparticles (SiMPs) effectively and thus alleviates the capacity decay. The SiMPs/PDOL anode shows an excellent initial CE of 97.5% and maintains a reversible capacity of 1837.1 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The Si/PDOL/LiFePO4 full cells also exhibit a stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of 76.3% after 300 cycles. This work provides a new and easy path for the practical application of silicon anode at low cost.
Amplifying the Differences in Aluminum‐Based Eutectic Electrolytes Through Electrodeposition on MXenes
Authors: Lieu Wei Ying , Thakur Anupma , Kumar Sonal , Li Yuanjian , Li Xue Liang , Li Yixiang , Yang Gaoliang , Li Yifan , Ghosh Tanmay , Ng Man‐Fai , Anasori Babak , Yang Hui Ying , Seh Zhi Wei
Published: June 2024

Traditionally, rechargeable lithium metal battery systems relied on simple metal cationic species to enable metal nucleation and deposition. However, this mechanism is less applicable to room‐temperature rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs), which utilize complex ionic species. This work takes advantage of two different MXenes, Mo2Ti2C3Tx and Ti3C2Tx, which have different metal‐termination group bond strengths, interlayer spacings, and surface termination compositions, to amplify and visualize the differences between two promising RAB electrolytes (i.e., urea/AlCl3 and EMImCl/AlCl3). This work allowed us to deduce the following: 1) despite lower coulombic efficiencies, smoother Al deposits are observed when the urea/AlCl3 electrolyte is used; 2) unknown side reactions occur in all the different scenarios, however, they are likely less reversible in the EMImCl/AlCl3 electrolyte; 3) metal‐halogen exchange reactions can occur in all scenarios, forming Al(OF)x and AlFx species; 4) the free urea in urea/AlCl3 electrolyte behaves differently from the urea in aqueous solutions. Overall, due to the characteristics of aluminum, RABs involve vastly different internal mechanisms, resulting in the need for audacious attempts toward system understanding.
Unraveling Mechanism for Microstructure Engineering toward High‐Capacity Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Lin Lili , Zhang Lihan , Fu Zhiqiang , Lou Jiatao , Gao Ziyao , Wu Junru , Li Chenglei , Han Cuiping , Zhou Dong , Wang Ziqiang , Li Baohua
Published: June 2024

Microstructural engineering on nickel‐rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathode materials is considered a promising approach to increase both the capacity and lifespan of lithium‐ion batteries by introducing high valence‐state elements. However, rational regulation on NRLO microstructures based on a deep understanding of its capacity enhancement mechanism remains challenging. Herein for the first time, it is demonstrated that an increase of 14 mAh g−1 in reversible capacity at the first cycle can be achieved via tailoring the micro and nano structure of NRLO through introducing tungsten. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization reveals that the formation of a modified microstructure featured as coherent spinel twin boundaries. Theoretical modeling and electrochemical investigations further demonstrate that the capacity increase mechanism is related to such coherent spinel twin boundaries, which can lower the Li+ diffusion barrier and thus allow more Li+ to participate in deeper phase transitions. Meanwhile, the surface and grain boundaries of NRLOs are found to be modified by generating a dense and uniform LiWxOy phase, which further extends its cycle life by reducing side reactions with electrolytes. This work enables a comprehensive understanding of the capacity‐increased mechanism and endows the remarkable potential of microstructural engineering for capacity‐ and lifespan‐increased NRLOs.
Bioinspired Polarization‐Response Structure with Broadband Absorption based on a Multifrequency Point Response Mechanism
Authors: Duan Yuping , Sun Jiaxin , Shi Yupeng , Liu Jiangyong , Jia Hanxiao , Yang Yang
Published: June 2024

To address the increasing demand for high microwave‐absorbing performance, new polarization‐response wave‐absorbing metamaterials are developed herein inspired by the microstructure of locust compound eyes by employing bionics and optimization principles. The materials overcome a common limitation of wave‐absorbing metamaterials, wherein the performance substantially decreases with changes in the polarization mode, enabling the broadband absorption for x and y polarizations. The designed bioinspired materials have various shapes of structural units, triggering a multifrequency point response mechanism that effectively improves the wave‐absorbing performance. Experimental and simulation results show that the designed materials can form different equivalent circuits based on structural and polarization differences, influencing the overall wave‐absorbing performance. They exhibit an effective absorption bandwidth of ≈12 GHz (reflection loss < −10 dB) for x or y polarizations at a thickness of 2 mm. This study provides a typical example for future research on wave‐absorbing metamaterials with polarization‐response characteristics.
New Finding of Inversed Right‐Handed Helix in Dynamically Rotational Evaporation‐Induced Iridescent CNC Film
Authors: Jia Daikun , Zhu Dandan , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling
Published: June 2024

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a typical natural photonic crystal material with outstanding advantages, has attracted increasing interests to develop stimulus‐responsive materials with vivid structural colors and circularly polarized light manipulators with high dissymmetry factors for widespread applications. However, limited by its spontaneous left‐handed cholesteric phase and absent right‐handed helical structure, current CNC‐based optical materials mainly achieve the selective reflection of left‐handed circularly polarized light (L‐CP) and the transmission of right‐handed circularly polarized light (R‐CP). Opposite to all reported intrinsic chirality in CNC assemblies, here first prominent twisted right‐handed helix in solid CNC film is found which is prepared through dynamically rotational self‐assembly. The dynamic rotation drives CNC particles to form a right‐handed helix with pitches of sub‐micron level regardless of rotary direction, realizing an ambidextrous reflection of both L‐CP and R‐CP for CNC film with maintained intrinsic structural color, and the first example of inversed right‐handed helix in CNC is further demonstrated. Moreover, the CNC films highly depend on the light propagation direction in term of apparent circular dichroism signals, presenting an exciting prospect for developing quantum transduction. This work is believed a breakthrough on chiral CNC photonic materials, providing new insights and application prospects for chiral CNC materials.
Noble Metal Nanoparticle‐Based Aptasensors: A Powerful Tool for Exosomal Detection
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Hu Wei , Xu Nuo , Makris Jonathan , Spadavecchia Felicia , Wang Hongjun
Published: June 2024

Exosomes, secreted by various types of cells, play a crucial role in cell‐to‐cell communication by transporting essential molecular cargos that largely mirror the pathophysiological attributes of their parent cells. Increasing evidence has shown that exosomes emerge as the reliable early biomarkers for different diseases. Clearly, exosomal detection with a high sensitivity and specificity becomes highly essential to advance the understanding of disease progression and to develop early diagnostic modalities. Among different types of biosensors, aptasensors have received significant attention as the diagnostic tools considering their programmability and targeting ability. Noble metal nanomaterials possess distinctive physicochemical properties, allowing for ready functionalization with aptamers via both physical adsorption and chemical immobilization. By utilizing the aptamers as the recognition elements, noble metal nanoparticle‐based aptasensors offer a promising platform for rapid, cost‐effective, and sensitive in situ detection of exosomes. In this review, the progress will summarized in exosomes as a biomarker for diseases and the recent advances in the use of noble metal nanoparticle/aptamer‐based sensors for analysis of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles.
Detection Strategies for Volatile Fragrance Released from Agricultural Products: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Wang Mengqing , Zhou Yong , Li Xian
Published: June 2024

The volatile aroma released from agricultural products is closely related to the health status and quality of their growth, thus endowing the related detection with great significance. For example, the dynamic variation of the volatile chemical composition of a banana during the growth process can reflect its ripeness. Also important for quality monitoring and storage is to precisely and swiftly identify volatile compounds produced by mildew in rice and wheat. In this endeavor, the current detection technologies such as gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method (GC‐MS)  cannot meet the pressing needs of smart agriculture in terms of real‐time monitoring, cost‐effectiveness, sensitivity, and detection speed, thereby necessitating alternative strategies to simultaneously satisfy these requirements. Aiming to provide an overall development trend in this field, this paper summarizes the existing detection technologies including GC‐MS, E‐nose, and sensory analysis with their respective shortcomings and challenges, and then proposes the application prospects. This work can effectively enrich the reliable monitoring methods for volatile agricultural fragrance while promoting the long‐run development of smart agriculture.
Super‐Black Material Created by Plasma Etching Wood
Authors: Cheng Kenneth J. , Feng Dengcheng , Schmidt Luke M. , Turner Michael , Evans Philip D.
Published: June 2024

A super‐black wood with low reflectivity in the UV/Vis range is created by plasma modifying basswood surfaces. Here the super‐black wood is characterized, the process used to make it is described and its possible practical uses are discussed. Wood samples are exposed to oxygen glow‐discharge plasma. Transverse surfaces exposed to high‐energy plasma have a deep‐black velvety appearance. The reflectance of these surfaces is measured and compared with those of commercial super‐black materials. The reflectivity of samples over a narrower wavelength range is measured with a spectrophotometer and converted into lightness values. The microstructure and surface chemistry of super‐black wood are examined using SEM/X‐ray micro‐CT and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Transverse basswood samples modified with high‐energy plasma have reflectivity averaging 0.68% (300–700 nm). The super‐black color of plasma‐modified wood is retained when it is coated with gold/vanadium alloy indicating structural coloration. Plasma creates a low density, lignin‐enriched surface with deep pits, columns and tangled fibrils; features also found in synthetic super‐black materials. In conclusion, this method of creating a super‐black material by plasma‐modification of basswood does not require a lithography pre‐step, generates no liquid waste and, as is demonstrated here, can be used to prototype luxury consumer products.
VEGF‐FGF Signaling Activates Quiescent CD63+ Liver Stem Cells to Proliferate and Differentiate
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Kunshan , Wang Minjun , He Zhiying , Yu Bing , Wang Xin , Pan Xinghua , Luo Yuping , Xu Shoujia , Lau Joseph T.Y. , Han Chunsheng , Shi Yufang , Sun Yi E. , Li Siguang , Hu Yi‐Ping
Published: June 2024

Understanding the liver stem cells (LSCs) holds great promise for new insights into liver diseases and liver regeneration. However, the heterogenicity and plasticity of liver cells have made it controversial. Here, by employing single‐cell RNA‐sequencing technology, transcriptome features of Krt19+ bile duct lineage cells isolated from Krt19CreERT; Rosa26R‐GFP reporter mouse livers are examined. Distinct biliary epithelial cells which include adult LSCs, as well as their downstream hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are identified. Importantly, a novel cell surface LSCs marker, CD63, as well as CD56, which distinguished active and quiescent LSCs are discovered. Cell expansion and bi‐potential differentiation in culture demonstrate the stemness ability of CD63+ cells in vitro. Transplantation and lineage tracing of CD63+ cells confirm their contribution to liver cell mass in vivo upon injury. Moreover, CD63+CD56+ cells are proved to be activated LSCs with vigorous proliferation ability. Further studies confirm that CD63+CD56− quiescent LSCs express VEGFR2 and FGFR1, and they can be activated to proliferation and differentiation through combination of growth factors: VEGF‐A and bFGF. These findings define an authentic adult liver stem cells compartment, make a further understanding of fate regulation on LSCs, and highlight its contribution to liver during pathophysiologic processes.
SH2B1 Defends Against Energy Imbalance, Obesity, and Metabolic Disease via a Paraventricular Hypothalamus→Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Neurocircuit
Authors: Li Yuan , Kim Min‐Hyun , Jiang Lin , Baron Lorelei , Faulkner Latrice D. , Olson David P. , Li Xingyu , Gannot Noam , Li Peng , Rui Liangyou
Published: June 2024

SH2B1 mutations are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans. Global deletion of Sh2b1 results in severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and MASLD in mice. Neuron‐specific restoration of SH2B1 rescues the obesity phenotype of Sh2b1‐null mice, indicating that the brain is a main SH2B1 target. However, SH2B1 neurocircuits remain elusive. SH2B1‐expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVHSH2B1) and a PVHSH2B1→dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurocircuit are identified here. PVHSH2B1 axons monosynaptically innervate DRN neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHSH2B1 axonal fibers in the DRN suppresses food intake. Chronic inhibition of PVHSH2B1 neurons causes obesity. In male and female mice, either embryonic‐onset or adult‐onset deletion of Sh2b1 in PVH neurons causes energy imbalance, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and MASLD. Ablation of Sh2b1 in the DRN‐projecting PVHSH2B1 subpopulation also causes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Conversely, SH2B1 overexpression in either total or DRN‐projecting PVHSH2B1 neurons protects against diet‐induced obesity. SH2B1 binds to TrkB and enhances brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Ablation of Sh2b1 in PVHSH2B1 neurons induces BDNF resistance in the PVH, contributing to obesity. In conclusion, these results unveil a previously unrecognized PVHSH2B1→DRN neurocircuit through which SH2B1 defends against obesity by enhancing BDNF/TrkB signaling.
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Alleviates Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing the Astrocytic Autophagy‐Lysosome Pathway
Authors: Yang Qinghu , Yan Chengxiang , Sun Yahan , Xie Zhen , Yang Liang , Jiang Ming , Ni Junjun , Chen Beining , Xu Sen , Yuan Zhaoyue , Wu Yanyan , Liu Xia , Yuan Zengqiang , Bai Zhantao
Published: June 2024

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, it is found that the injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), mimicking ECM remodeling, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) reversed short‐term memory loss and reduced amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition in 5xFAD mice. ECM remodeling also reactivated astrocytes, reduced the levels of aggrecan in Aβ plaques, and enhanced astrocyte recruitment to surrounding plaques. Importantly, ECM remodeling enhanced the autophagy‐lysosome pathway in astrocytes, thereby mediating Aβ clearance and alleviating AD pathology. ECM remodeling also promoted Aβ plaque phagocytosis by astrocytes by activating the astrocytic phagocytosis receptor MERTK and promoting astrocytic vesicle circulation. The study identified a cellular mechanism in which ECM remodeling activates the astrocytic autophagy‐lysosomal pathway and alleviates AD pathology. Targeting ECM remodeling may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
Small Feature‐Size Transistors Based on Low‐Dimensional Materials: From Structure Design to Nanofabrication Techniques
Authors: Fu Xiaqing , Liu Zhifang , Wang Huaipeng , Xie Dan , Sun Yilin
Published: June 2024

For several decades after Moore's Law is proposed, there is a continuous effort to reduce the feature‐size of transistors. However, as the size of transistors continues to decrease, numerous challenges and obstacles including severe short channel effects (SCEs) are emerging. Recently, low‐dimensional materials have provided new opportunities for constructing small feature‐size transistors due to their superior electrical properties compared to silicon. Here, state‐of‐the‐art low‐dimensional materials‐based transistors with small feature‐sizes are reviewed. Different from other works that mainly focus on material characteristics of a specific device structure, the discussed topics are utilizing device structure design including vertical structure and nano‐gate structure, and nanofabrication techniques to achieve small feature‐sizes of transistors. A comprehensive summary of these small feature‐size transistors is presented by illustrating their operation mechanism, relevant fabrication processes, and corresponding performance parameters. Besides, the role of small feature‐size transistors based on low‐dimensional materials in further reducing the small footprint is also clarified and their cutting‐edge applications are highlighted. Finally, a comparison and analysis between state‐of‐art transistors is made, as well as a glimpse into the future research trajectory of low dimensional materials‐based small feature‐size transistors is briefly outlined.