bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La mobilité intersectorielle des élites technocratiques du public et du privé
Authors: SALES ARNAUD
Published: January 2009

One of the important social phenomena of the last 30 years is without doubt the accelerated creation in enterprises and state apparatuses of hundreds of thousands of executive and managerial positions integrated into increasingly complex and widespread managerial hierarchies. This paper deals with the movement of executives between state bureaucracies and large private enterprises and its impact on the interpenetration of the executive circles. Through a comparative approach, we begin by showing the diversity that exists among national models of circulation of senior officers between the two sectors. Based on data on senior civil servants and executives of large enterprises in Quebec, we then show the patterns of mobility of management personnel between the public and the private sectors. This analysis enables us to describe the extent and the orientation of inter sectorial mobility. We attempt to highlight and to explain the essential characteristics of the movement of technocratic elites in Quebec and in Canada. More specifically, we will show that, for the Canadian institutional context, we cannot retain the thesis of interchangeability of technocratic elites which states that the movement of personnel between state apparatuses and large private enterprises is high.

L'un des phénomènes sociaux importants des 30 dernières années est certainement la création accélérée dans les entreprises et dans les appareils d'État de centaines de milliers de postes de gestionnaires intégrés à des hiérarchies de direction et d'encadrement de plus en plus complexes et étendues. Nous abordons dans cet article, la question de la circulation du personnel de direction entre les bureaucraties d'État et les grandes entreprises du secteur privé et sea effets sur l'interpénétration des milieux dirigeants. Nous montrerons d'abord dans une perspective comparative la diversité des modèles nationaux de circulation de haute direction entre les deux secteurs. Utilisant des données sur les hauts fonctionnaires et les dirigeants des grandes entreprises au Québec, nous montrerons ensuite comment s'organisent les flux de personnel dirigeant entre les postes du secteur public et du secteur privé. Cette analyse permettra de décrire l'étendue et l'orientation des mouvements intersectoriels. Sur cette base, nous chercherons à mettre en évidence et à expliquer les caractéristiques originales de la circulation des élites technocratiques au Québec et plus largement au Canada. Nous démontrerons en particulier, que l'on ne peut pas, dans le contexte institutionnel canadien, retenir la thèse de l'interchangeabilité des élites technocratiques qui affirme que la circulation du personnel entre les appareils d'État et les grandes entreprises du secteur privé est caractéristique des sociétés contemporaines et de leur structure sociale au sommet.
Race and gender as bases of class fractions and their effects on earnings
Authors: LI PETER S.
Published: January 2009

Maints auteurs ont affirmé que la race et le sexe repreésentent des bases de fractions de classe en ce sens que leur construction sociale permet à des segments d'une classe de se constituer à partir de caractéristiques liées à la race et au sexe. Cependant, les études ernpiriques antérieures tendent à considérer seulernent la race et le sexe comme des facteurs de fractionnernent au sein de la classe ouvrière seulement. À l'aide des données du recensement de 1986, cette communication analyse lea effets interactifs de la race et du sexe sur le revenu considéré comme facteur de fractionnement des classes. Les recherches de l'auteur indiquent que les effets produits par le groupement par race et par sexe sont inégaux en ce qui trait au revenu, les hommes gagnant davantage que les femmes tout en étant davantage ‘fractionnés’ par le revenu que les femmes. Lorsqu'on fait abstraction des différences de revenu entre classes, la race et le sexe demeurent des facteurs explicatifs importants du niveau de revenu, bien que leurs effets soient plus marqués chez les cadres, les professionnels et les ouvriers. L'écart entre les sexes est plus prononcé, mais la race demeure importante comme facteur de fractionnement au niveau des revenus des homrnes, měme après correction pour tenir cornpte d'autres variables. L'auteur affirme que l'assimilation des relations de sexe et de race aux relations entre classes est insatisfaisante et qu'il existe de sérieuses considérations théoriques pour considérer que les causes des inégalités entre les sexes et les races se trouvent non seulement à l'intérieur du domaine de la production, mais également à l'extérieur de celui‐ci.

The literature has argued that race and gender are bases of class fractions in that their social construction enables segments of a class to be constituted on racialized and gender‐linked characteristics. However, previous empirical works tend to consider race or gender as fractionalizing the working class only. Using the 1986 Census data, this paper analyses the interactive effects of race and gender on earnings as grounds of fractionalizing classes. The findings indicate that race and gender groupings produce unequal effects on earnings: males have an income advantage over females, but race fractionalizes the earnings of men to a greater extent than for women. When inter‐class differences in earnings are removed, race and gender remain important in explaining earnings, although their effects are stronger among the managerial, the professsional, and the working class. The gender gap is more pronounced, but race remains important in fractionalizing the earnings of men even after controlling for other variables. The paper argues that it is insufficient to subsume gender and race relations under class relations, and that there are compelling theoretical grounds to consider gender and race inequality as having roots both within and outside the sphere of production.
Changes from compliance to deterrence among federal fishery officers: an atypical case of regulatory policing?
Authors: PHYNE JOHN
Published: January 2009

Les études portant Bur les fonctionnaires chargés de l'application des règlements indiquent que ces derniers préfèrent l'adhésion volontaire à la dissuasion. Les responsables de la pěche cǒtière à Terre‐Neuve semblent représenter une anomalie à cet égard, car ils sont chargés de faire respecter la réglementation, mais ils recourent de moins en moins à la persuasion et de plus en plus à la dissuasion. Ce changement peut s'expliquer par le rǒle de l'État dans la restructuration de la pěche cǒtière au Canada. Le cas étudié montre que la distinction qu'on retrouve dans un grand nombre d'études socio‐juridiques entre les responsables de la réglementation qui font de la persuasion et les corps policiers qui interviennent de fason dissuasive n'est pas acquise et mérite d'ětre reconsidérée.

Studies of regulatory officials have shown that there is a preference for compliance over deterrence in the regulatory process. However, fishery officers based in the Newfoundland inshore fishery appear to be an anomaly. While they are regulatory officials, their role has shifted from the use of compliance to the use of deterrence. This shift can be explained in terms of the role of the state in restructuring the inshore fisheries of Canada. Given this case, the common distinction between regulatory officials engaged in compliance and the public police engaged in deterrence, from the socio‐legal literature, should not be taken for granted and needs to be re‐examined.
Models for Change: Antiracist Education for Universities and Colleges
Authors: Ruemper Wendy
Published: January 2009

Cinq modèles pour les programmes pédagogiques de prévention du harcèlement et de la discrimination ont été développés par les collèges et universités de l'Ontario. Ces modèles s'inscrivent dans la lutte contre toutes les formes d'oppression rencontrées dans notre société en s'appuyant sur les principes de base de la théorie et de la pédagogie antiracistes. Conçus en vue d'instruire les principaux responsables des établissements d'enseignement supérieur sur la prévention du harcèlement et de la discrimination, ils ont été tout aussi utiles lorsqu'ils furent employés avec les étudiants, le personnel et les citoyens en général. Le présent article examine ces modèles dans le contexte des pratiques pédagogiques actuelles en équité sociale.

Five experiential models were developed by Ontario colleges and universities for harassment and discrimination prevention education. Using basic principles of antiracist theory and pedagogy, these models address issues related to a variety of forms of oppression. Although they were designed to educate senior decision makers in institutions of higher education in the prevention of harassment and discrimination on their campuses, they have been used effectively with students, staff and members of the general community as well. In this paper, the models are discussed within the context of traditional educational equity approaches.
Transform ing Teacher Education for an Antiracism Pedagogy*
Authors: Solomon R. Patrick , Levine‐Rasky Cynthia
Published: January 2009

It est question dans le présent article de recherches sur la pédagogie antiraciste, plus précisément de saisir comment cette dernière est perçue par les enseignants d'expérience et les étudiants en éducation, et comment elle est mise en pratique. Les avis exprimés font ressortir un large éventail de partis pris pédagogiques et idéologiques, dont celui qui voudrait que l'engagement des élèves à leur cheminement scolaire soit tributaire de l'appartenance à tel ou tel groupe racial ou ethnique, et celui qui reflète la peur d'abandonner une présumée norme pédagogique canadienne. Afin de mettre au défi la pensée des enseignants sur la pratique de l'anti‐racisme, les auteurs tracent les grandes lignes d'un nouveau modèle de formation pédagogique conçu dans le but d'intégrer à la théorie l'enseignement des mouvements sociaux qui visent la justice sociale. Les auteurs proposent que l'analyse des problèmes engendrés par la diversité sociale, les différences raciales et les politiques d'antiracisme figure au programme de formation afin d'assurer l'engagement social du corps enseignant et de favoriser une réflexion personnelle cohérente.

This paper reports on research examining prospective and established teachers' conceptualization and practice of antiracism pedagogy. Views reveal great variability in pedagogical and ideological positions that include unexamined assumptions about students' differential commitments to education across racial and ethnic groups, and fear of abandoning an unnamed Canadian norm. To challenge teachers' conceptualization and practice of antiracism, this study systematically develops transformative possibilities for a teacher education praxis designed to link other social movements for social justice issues. The authors suggest moving the issues of social difference, race and antiracism into mainstream scholarship, ensuring teacher commitment to the cause of social justice and engaging participants in critical reflective practice.
The Interviewee and the Research Interview: Analysing a Neglected Dimension in Research*
Authors: HILLER HARRY H. , DILUZIO LINDA
Published: January 2009

L'entrevue de recherche est généralement examinée du point de vue du chercheur. Contrairement à la recherche activiste, qui accorde beaucoup d'carimportance à l'opinion du participant, les constructivistes ont ajouté une nouvelle perspective en démontrant comment l'entrevue de recherche est à la fois collaborative et génératrice de significations. Notre étude livre une analyse plus explicite de l'entrevue du point de vue de l'interviewé. Selon une étude portant sur les Canadiens qui migrent à l'intérieur du pays, la signification pour l'interviewé de l'entrevue qualitative est expliquée plus en détail. Nous discutons la motivation qui pousse à la participation en nous fondant sur les concepts de validation d'carexpériences et sur un processus appelé progression réflexive, qui met en lumière le déroulement d'carune entrevue selon la perspective de l'interviewé.

The research interview is usually discussed from the vantage point of the researcher. While activist research has drawn attention to the voice of the participant, constructivists have added a new perspective by showing how the research interview is both collaborative and meaning‐making. Our study provides a more explicit analysis of the interview from the perspective of the interviewee. Based on a study of internal migrants in Canada, the meaning of the qualitative interview for the interviewee is more carefully explicated. We discuss motivation for participation using the concepts of event validation and a process called reflexive progression to illuminate what happens in the interview from the interviewee's perspective.
New Left, not New Liberal: 1960s Movements in English Canada and Quebec*
Authors: CLEVELAND JOHN W.
Published: January 2009

Les données tirées d'carune enquête auprès de 471 des principaux militants et militantes du Québec et du Canada anglais pendant les années soixante confirment des hypothèses qui contredisent fortement les prédictions sur la nature des mouvements sociaux depuis 1960 basées sur la théorie des New Social Movements. l'auteur propose la construction d'carune nouvelle théorie postmarxiste des mouvements sociaux fondée sur la reconnaissance du fait que, depuis 1960, l'aile gauche des mouvements sociaux a continué d'carêtre une vraie gauche et non un nouveau genre de libéralisme.

Data from a survey of 471 leading 1960s activists in Quebec and English Canada confirm hypotheses that strongly contradict predictions about the nature of post‐1960 movements derived from the New Social Movements theory. It is argued that a new approach to developing a post‐Marxist theory of social movements is needed, starting from a recognition that the politics of the left wing of post‐1960 movements are “new left,” not “new liberal.”
The Quebec Patronat: Proposing a Neo‐liberal Political Economy after All*
Authors: GRAEFE PETER
Published: January 2009

Les études récentes portant sur le patronat québécois avancent que ce dernier a modernisé son discours, passant du néolibéralisme à une concertation et à une coopération positive avec les syndicats et l'État. Ces études suggèrent que le patronat québécois est en train de développer une économie politique distincte du modèle libéral en vigueur ailleurs au Canada. Cet article analyse le discours du Conseil du patronat du Québec (CPQ) depuis sa création pour évaluer la pertinence de ces arguments. Il conclut que la vision stratégique du CPQ est restée néolibérale depuis le début des années 1980, ce qui suggére la nécessité de la prudence dans la formulation des arguments sur l'exceptionnalisme économique du Québec.

Recent studies of the Quebec patronat argue that it has “modernized” its discourse, moving from neo‐liberalism to the embrace of positive‐sum concertation and co‐operation with unions and the State. These studies suggest Quebec's employers' associations are developing a different political economy than the liberal one found in the Rest of Canada. This article assesses these arguments using the discourse of the Conseil du patronat du Québec (CPQ) since its inception. It argues that the CPQ's strategic outlook has remained steadfastly neo‐liberal since the early 1980s, which suggests the need for caution in developing accounts of Quebec's economic exceptionalism.
Migration Theories and First Nations Mobility: Towards a Systems Perspective*
Authors: COOKE MARTIN , BÉLANGER DANIÈLE
Published: January 2009

Au Canada, la recherche sur la migration des autochtones vers les centres urbains a mis en avant l'importance de facteurs économiques, les mou‐vements de retour étant expliqués comme un échec lié aux difficultés d'adaptation. Les facteurs sous‐tendant la migration vers les villes ont été peu étudiés, et des études récentes ont mis l'accent sur l'ampleur des mouvements plutôt que sur d'autres théories. Cet article suggère des voies selon lesquelles on peut avoir recours à une approche systémique pour intégrer des facteurs des contextes politique, économique et social ainsi que des liens individuels, institutionnels et de culture de masse.

The migration of Canadian Aboriginal people to cities has usually been understood as economically motivated, with return migration to Aboriginal communities resulting primarily from failure to adapt to urban life. However, the reasons underlying migration have rarely been directly addressed, and recent studies of migration have focussed on the size of flows, rather than relating this migration stream to theories of migration developed in other contexts. This paper suggests ways in which a systems perspective on migration can be used to incorporate elements of the political, economic and social context, as well as individual, institutional and mass culture links between the two areas.
The Formation of Warm Dense Matter: Experimental Evidence for Electronic Bond Hardening in Gold
Authors: Ernstorfer Ralph , Harb Maher , Hebeisen Christoph T. , Sciaini Germán , Dartigalongue Thibault , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: January 2009

Under strong optical excitation conditions, it is possible to create highly nonequilibrium states of matter. The nuclear response is determined by the rate of energy transfer from the excited electrons to the nuclei and the instantaneous effect of change in electron distribution on the interatomic potential energy landscape. We used femtosecond electron diffraction to follow the structural evolution of strongly excited gold under these transient electronic conditions. Generally, materials become softer with excitation. In contrast, the rate of disordering of the gold lattice is found to be retarded at excitation levels up to 2.85 megajoules per kilogram with respect to the degree of lattice heating, which is indicative of increased lattice stability at high effective electronic temperatures, a predicted effect that illustrates the strong correlation between electronic structure and lattice bonding.
Coherence Factors in a High-
T
c
Cuprate Probed by Quasi-Particle Scattering Off Vortices
Authors: Hanaguri T. , Kohsaka Y. , Ono M. , Maltseva M. , Coleman P. , Yamada I. , Azuma M. , Takano M. , Ohishi K. , Takagi H.
Published: January 2009

When electrons pair in a superconductor, quasi-particles develop an acute sensitivity to different types of scattering potential that is described by the appearance of coherence factors in the scattering amplitudes. Although the effects of coherence factors are well established in isotropic superconductors, they are much harder to detect in their anisotropic counterparts, such as high-superconducting-transition-temperature cuprates. We demonstrate an approach that highlights the momentum-dependent coherence factors in Ca

2–
x

Na

x

CuO
2
Cl
2
. We used Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy to reveal a magnetic-field dependence in quasi-particle scattering interference patterns that is sensitive to the sign of the anisotropic gap. This result is associated with the
d
-wave coherence factors and quasi-particle scattering off vortices. Our technique thus provides insights into the nature of electron pairing as well as quasi-particle scattering processes in unconventional superconductors.
Occupational exposures and asthma among nursing professionals
Authors: Arif A A , Delclos G L , Serra C
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

To identify occupational exposure risk factors associated with the development of new-onset asthma in nurses.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of licensed Texas nurses (response rate 70%) and compared to three other healthcare professional groups. Nursing professionals were defined based on self-reported longest held job. Outcome variables were physician-diagnosed new-onset asthma after entry into the healthcare profession and symptoms associated with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Occupational exposures were ascertained through a job-exposure matrix, grouped into four categories: cleaning-related tasks, use of powdered latex gloves, administration of aerosolised medications, and tasks involving adhesive compounds, glues and/or solvents.

Results:

After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, atopy, smoking, body mass index and seniority, reported asthma was significantly greater among nursing professionals involved in medical instrument cleaning (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.62) and exposure to general cleaning products and disinfectants (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.94). Use of powdered latex gloves during 1992–2000 was associated with 1.6 times (95% CI 1.01 to 2.50) the odds of reported asthma. In univariate analysis, exposure to adhesives, glues and/or solvents was associated with a twofold increase in the odds of reported asthma, but not after adjustment for covariates. Similarly, the odds of BHR-related symptoms were significantly greater among nursing professionals exposed to general cleaning products and disinfectants (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.21) and adhesives, glues and/or solvents used in patient care (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.12).

Conclusion:

Among nursing professionals, workplace exposures to cleaning products and disinfectants increase the risk of new-onset asthma.
Epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities on Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and native milfoils Myriophyllum sibericum and Myriophyllum alterniflorum in eastern North America
Authors: Wilson Sarah J. , Ricciardi Anthony
Published: January 2009

Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the survival and proliferation of invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems. Epiphytic invertebrate communities may be altered through the replacement of native macrophytes by exotic macrophytes, even when the macrophytes are close relatives and have similar morphology. We sampled an invasive exotic macrophyte, Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum ), and native milfoils Myriophyllum sibericum and Myriophyllum alterniflorum in four bodies of water in southern Quebec and upstate New York during the summer of 2005. Within each waterbody, we compared the abundance, diversity, and community composition of epiphytic macroinvertebrates on exotic and native Myriophyllum. In general, both M. sibericum and M. alterniflorum had higher invertebrate diversity and higher invertebrate biomass and supported more gastropods than the exotic M. spicatum. In late summer, invertebrate density tended to be higher on M. sibericum than on M. spicatum, but lower on M. alterniflorum than on M. spicatum. Our results demonstrate that M. spicatum supports macroinvertebrate communities that may differ from those on structurally similar native macrophytes, although these differences vary across sites and sampling dates. Thus, the replacement of native milfoils by M. spicatum may have indirect effects on aquatic food webs.
Movements of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdii) in a Michigan stream: how restricted are they?
Authors: Breen Matthew J. , Ruetz Carl R. , Thompson Kurt J. , Kohler Steven L.
Published: January 2009

We monitored 94 mottled sculpins ( Cottus bairdii ) marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to examine seasonal movement patterns. High detection efficiency (mean ± standard error = 0.76 ± 0.03) of PIT-tagged fish was obtained with a portable antenna. Nighttime searches were more effective than daytime relocations in summer, and smaller fish (<65 mm) were detected more readily than larger fish (≥65 mm). Sculpins used erosional habitats more than depositional habitats, particularly during summer and nighttime. Search attempts within a 150 m reach showed that displacement, mean movement distance, and home range did not differ significantly between summer and winter, suggesting that season did not strongly influence movement. Additionally, movement metrics were unrelated to sculpin size. However, supplementary searches of a larger reach (700 m) showed that 16% of PIT-tagged fish moved more than 100 m over 1 year, with a maximum displacement of 511 m, and mobile fish typically displayed upstream bias. Although most mottled sculpins in our system were relatively sedentary, a small proportion of individuals moved further than previously reported for other systems.
Predicting the vertical distribution of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta, in Lake Ontario: a test of laboratory-based light preferences
Authors: Boscarino Brent T. , Rudstam Lars G. , Loew Ellis R. , Mills Edward L.
Published: January 2009

Light and temperature strongly influence the vertical distribution of the mysid shrimp, Mysis relicta . We monitored the vertical movements and depth selection behavior of mysids exposed to different light intensities and light–temperature gradients in the laboratory and derived a mysid light preference function in units relevant to mysid vision: “mylux”. Mysids preferred light levels between 10−8 and 10−7 mylux (∼10−6 to 10−5 lux) and rarely moved into waters of 10−3 mylux (∼0.1 lux) and greater. A model that assumed equal weight and independence of mysid light and temperature preference functions successfully predicted the proportion of mysids found in two different temperature–light combinations in the laboratory. This model also predicted the depth of maximum mysid density to within 2 m on two spring nights and within 5 m on two summer nights of varying moon phase and thermal conditions in Lake Ontario. This study provides novel insights into how temperature and light interact to influence the vertical distribution of mysids. Our model may be used to predict mysid vertical distribution in any deepwater system inhabited by mysids in which the primary mysid predators are visual feeders.
Summer microhabitat partitioning by different size classes of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in habitats formed by installed large wood in a large lowland river
Authors: Nagayama Shigeya , Kawaguchi Yôichi , Nakano Daisuke , Nakamura Futoshi
Published: January 2009

Different size classes of masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou ) were partitioned in three-dimensional space in habitats created by artificially installed large wood (LW) structures in a large river. Fish >300 mm in size (L-sized) returning from the ocean distinctly occurred in sheltered areas near the riverbed, which had a moderate current velocity and contained large root wads or tree trunks; 140–200 mm (M-sized) and 100–120 mm (S-sized) fish selected deep areas of high velocity current adjacent to LW structures; ≤80 mm fish (SS-sized) were most common in the lower depth layers throughout all LW habitats, including shallow areas with moderate currents where LW structures blocked the fast currents. Some SS-sized fish used cover areas provided by branches and leaves. Masu salmon abundance in all size classes combined was greater in habitats with LW structures than in habitats without them. Our study suggests that the natural recruitment of whole trees from the riparian zone or artificial placement of whole trees will have a profound effect on creating salmonid habitats in large rivers.
Competition between native and introduced salmonid fishes: cutthroat trout have lower growth rate in the presence of cutthroat–rainbow trout hybrids
Authors: Seiler Steven M. , Keeley Ernest R.
Published: January 2009

When nonnative species become established within new communities, competition may play a role in determining the persistence of ecologically similar native species. In western North America, many native cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii ) populations have been replaced by nonnative rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Superior competitive ability of rainbow trout and cutthroat–rainbow trout hybrids is often cited for this replacement; however, few studies have tested for mechanisms that might allow introduced rainbow trout to out-compete native trout species. Our previous work found individual-based differences in swimming and foraging ability among cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their hybrids. In this study, we tested for the presence and strength of competition between cohorts of cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their reciprocal hybrids. We assayed the growth rate of juvenile cutthroat trout in allopatry versus cutthroat trout when sympatric with rainbow trout and each hybrid cross. After controlling for size and density of trout, cutthroat trout cohorts in stream channels that contained hybrid genotypes experienced lower growth than cutthroat trout in allopatry. Averaged across heterospecific treatments, cutthroat trout growth was also lower than that of cutthroat trout cohorts in allopatry. Our study suggests that juvenile cutthroat trout experience a growth disadvantage when competing against cutthroat–rainbow hybrids.
Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Sherwood Owen A. , Edinger Evan N.
Published: January 2009

Using bomb-14C dating and growth ring counting methods, we calculate life spans and growth rates of six species of deep-sea corals collected at depths of between 400 and 900 m from the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador. Bamboo corals ( Acanella arbuscula , Keratoisis ornata ) and antipatharians ( Stauropathes arctica ) secrete concentric growth rings in their axial skeletons, which were proven to form annually for K. ornata and S. arctica. These species had the lowest radial growth rates of 33 ± 11 to 75 ± 11 μm·year–1. Primnoa resedaeformis and Paramuricea spp. had higher radial growth rates of 83 ± 6 to 215 ± 37 μm·year–1. Paragorgia arborea had the highest radial growth rate of 830 ± 120 μm·year–1. Axial growth rates ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Paramuricea spp. to 2.61 ± 0.45 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Primnoa resedaeformis . Life spans ranged from 18 ± 4 years for a live-collected P. resedaeformis to 200 ± 30 years for a subfossil specimen of K. ornata. Because all of the corals were from heavily fished areas, it is likely that age distributions are biased towards smaller and younger colonies. Recovery of deep-sea corals from fishing-induced damage will take decades to centuries.
Differences in predicted catch composition between two widely used catch equation formulations
Authors: Branch Trevor A.
Published: January 2009

Fishing gear selectivity varies among different types of fish (e.g., species, age, sex, or length groups), but their relative catch composition also depends on the fishing process. The continuous (Baranov) formulation assumes that fishing mortality and natural mortality occur together during the fishing season and that there are multiple encounters between fish and fishing gear. For this formulation, predicted catch composition depends on fishing mortality, and at high fishing mortality levels the entire population can be caught provided the selectivity is nonzero for all age groups. In contrast, the discrete formulation assumes that fishing mortality occurs separately from natural mortality and that fish encounter at most only one set of fishing gear. The discrete formulation is easier to compute, but the predicted catch composition is independent of fishing mortality, and some of the population remains unexploitable. The correct choice of equations depends on the particular fishery and fishing mortality levels; at low fishing mortality levels the predictions differ little, but at high fishing mortality levels where multiple gear encounters could occur, the continuous formulation is preferable.
ON OVALS OF NON-CONJUGATE SYMMETRIES OF RIEMANN SURFACES
Authors: GROMADZKI GRZEGORZ , KOZŁOWSKA-WALANIA EWA
Published: January 2009

We find the upper bound for the total number of ovals of k (5 ≤ k ≤ 8) non-conjugate symmetries of a Riemann surface of genus g, without an additional assumption concerning their separabilities, filling this way the gap existing in known literature of the subject. We also prove that our bound is attained for infinitely many values of g. Finally, as a byproduct of our considerations, we obtain the algebraic structure of the group generated by the extremal configurations of the symmetries, provided it is a 2-group.
ON BOUNDEDNESS OF FAMILIES OF HOLOMORPHIC FOLIATIONS
Authors: LICANIC SERGIO
Published: January 2009

We get boundedness for certain families of foliations. This is attained after proving a kind of foliated Arakelov inequality.
LARGE POLARON IN AN ANHARMONIC CRYSTAL LATTICE
Authors: KUSSOW ADIL-GERAI
Published: January 2009

Extending the Frohlich polaron problem to an anharmonic lattice, the author studies a polaronic state with a large radius of the wave function. The appropriate anharmonic part of the electron–phonon interaction Hamiltonian is derived, based on the methods of quantum field theory. Then, with the help of the perturbation theory, the anharmonic correction to the electron–phonon coupling constant is straightforwardly calculated. The estimate of this correction shows that the anharmonicity can considerably increase the e–ph coupling constant if the longitudinal phonon frequency is lower than ~10 meV. Several materials, molecular crystals α-sexithiophene (α-6T), α, ω dihexylsexithiophene (H-6T), and perovskite-type oxides, in which the anharmonic polaronic effects should be pronounced, are discussed. A comparison of the results with other anharmonic models of a polaronic state is drawn.
A STUDY OF LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERED Mg–Mn NANO-FERRITES
Authors: SHARMA V. , MATHUR P. , SHARMA N. , SHARMA A. , THAKUR A. , SINGH M.
Published: January 2009

In the present study, Mg x Mn 1–x Fe 2 O 4 series of ferrites with x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 were prepared by the citrate precursor technique. One set of samples was subjected to normal and the other to hot-pressed technique. Microstructural properties were studied with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for both sets of samples. Hot pressing of Mg – Mn ferrites results in an improvement of their magnetic and micro-structural properties, as it simultaneously controls grain growth and porosity. Hot pressing of Mg – Mn ferrites, however, results in deterioration of their dc resistivity. The cation distribution has been studied by X-ray analysis and magnetization. The variation of saturation magnetization and Curie temperature with increasing concentration of Mg 2+ ions can be explained on the basis of cation distribution and Neel two sublattice models. Possible mechanisms, models and theories contributing to these results have been discussed.
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF SOME A5B6C7-TYPE CRYSTALS
Authors: AKKUS HARUN
Published: January 2009

The electronic band structures of some A 5 B 6 C 7-type ternary compounds, BiSeI , BiSI , BiSCl , BiSBr , BiSeBr and SbSeBr , are investigated using the density functional theory and pseudopotential theory under the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The electronic band structures obtained show that these crystals, except for BiSeI , have an indirect band gap.
PREFORMED HOLE-PAIRS IN CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: SINGH R. J.
Published: January 2009

This paper consists of two parts: (1) mechanism of formation of hole-pairs and quantum stripes in cuprate superconductors, and (2) resistivity versus temperature variation in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superconductor with different doping levels in the range 400–Tc. (1) On deoxygenation, CuO 2 plane of high-temperature cuprate superconductors are broken into small magnetically isolated fragments, predominantly Cu -tetramer (CuO) 4. Its electron paramagnetic resonance spectra show fine and hyperfine splittings. It was concluded that these splittings are due to FM coupling of the electronic spins of the four holes on the four Cu -ions in (CuO) 4 as well as the FM coupling of the nuclear spins of the four Cu -ions. A magnetic field is generated perpendicular to CuO 2 plane due to the spin magnetic moment of four holes and their orbiting around the (CuO) 4 frame. In the nondeoxygenated superconductors, this magnetic field leads to the formation of quantum stripes of free charge carriers and in special cases to the formation of preformed hole-pairs. This is the first model of a hole-pair, though its existence has been conjectured from various experimental results. (2) The electrical conduction in superconductors along c-axis seems to arise from the movement of free holes and along a-axis from the parallel combination of resistivities arising from the movement of free holes and paired holes, but no single formula connecting ρ and T is applicable to explain resistivities either along c- or a-axis in the entire temperature range. Nature of charge carriers seems to change continuously as the temperature is lowered. In the range 200–Tc, both along the c- and a-axes, the experimental resistivities depart significantly from those calculated by the formula applicable in the range 400–200 K. Plausible explanation has been suggested for the departure of experimental resistivities from the calculated ones in the low temperature region.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Nb-DOPED Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 CERAMICS
Authors: KETSUWAN PIYACHON , LAOSIRITAWORN YONGYUT , ANANTA SUPON , YIMNIRUN RATTIKORN
Published: January 2009

The Pb ( Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48) O 3 ceramics with 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.50%wt of Nb 2 O 5 addition were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide technique. It was found that the average grain size of the ceramics decreased from 6 to 1 μm with increasing doping concentration to 1.5%wt. The room temperature dielectric constant and d33 reached maximum values of 1050 and 285 pC/N, respectively, at 1%wt Nb -doping. The electrical coercivity (Ec) of Nb -doped PZT decreased, while the polarization values increased, with increasing doping concentration. Most importantly, this study shows that Nb 2 O 5-doped PZT ceramics exhibits soft piezoelectric and enhanced ferroelectric behaviors, and the optimum properties can be obtained using suitable doping concentration.
ON SIMULATING THE GENERATION OF MOSAICISM DURING MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: CASE MICHAEL A. , MACMILLAN HUGH R.
Published: January 2009

Renewed calls for a systems biology reflect the hope hat enduring biological questions at single-cell and cell-population scales will be resolved as modern molecular biology, with its reductionist program, approaches a nearly-complete characterization of the molecular mechanisms of specific cellular processes. Due to the confounding complexity of biological organization across these scales, computational science is sought to complement the intuition of experimentalists. However, with respect to the molecular basis of cellular processes during development and disease, a gulf between feasible simulations and realistic biology persists. Formidable are the mathematical and computational challenges to conducting and validating cell population-scale simulations, drawn from single-cell level and molecular level details. Nonetheless, in some biological contexts, a focus on core processes crafted by evolution can yield coarse-grained mathematical models that retain explanatory potential despite drastic simplification of known biochemical kinetics.

In this article, we bring this modeling philosophy to bear on the nature of neural progenitor cell decision making during mammalian cerebral cortical development. Specifically, we present the computational component to a research program addressing developmental links between (i) the cellular response to endogenous DNA damage, (ii) primary mechanisms of neuronal genetic heterogeneity, or mosaicism, and (iii) the cell fate decision making that defines the population kinetics of neurogenesis.
FIELD RECONSTRUCTION FROM SINGLE SCALE CONTINUOUS WAVELET COEFFICIENTS
Authors: LEWALLE JACQUES
Published: January 2009

The redundancy of continuous wavelet transforms implies that the wavelet coefficients are not independent of each other. This interdependence allows the reconstruction or approximation of the wavelet transform, and of the original field, from a subset of the wavelet coefficients. Contrasting with lines of modulus maxima, known to provide useful partition functions and some data compaction, the reconstruction from single-scale coefficients is derived for the Hermitian family of wavelets. The formula is exact in the continuum for d-dimensional fields, and its limitations under discretization are illustrated.
TIGHT FRAME CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIWAVELET VECTOR FUNCTIONS IN TERMS OF THE POLYPHASE MATRIX
Authors: KROMMWEH JENS
Published: January 2009

The extension principles play an important role in characterizing and constructing of wavelet frames. The common extension principles, the unitary extension principle (UEP) or the oblique extension principle (OEP), are based on the unitarity of the modulation matrix. In this paper, we state the UEP and OEP for refinable function vectors in the polyphase representation. Finally, we apply our results to directional wavelets on triangles which we have constructed in a previous work. We will show that the wavelet system generates a tight frame for L2(ℝ2).
WAVELET ANALYSIS OF SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES OF MAGNETRON SPUTTERED Al-Cu THIN FILMS
Authors: BHATNAGAR GAURAV , JAYAGANTHAN R. , RAMAN BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: January 2009

Al - Cu thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The films are characterized by atomic force microscopy and its surface morphologies are analyzed by wavelet technique. Multiresolution signal decomposition wavelet technique was employed to extract the surface roughness from the AFM images of Al - Cu thin films. It is observed that the Al - Cu thin films exhibit higher surface roughness value with increasing deposition time. The calculated surface roughness of the thin films, using wavelet technique, is comparable with that of its experimental values.
FAST CLUSTERING-BASED KERNEL FOLEY–SAMMON TRANSFORM
Authors: LU WEI , CHEN ZHENZHOU , YAO ZHENGAN , LI LEI
Published: January 2009

The Kernel Foley–Sammon Transform (KFST) performs well in solving nonlinear discriminant analysis problems. However, as a kernel method, KFST also faces with large kernel matrix calculation problems O(n3) with the sample size n. KFST will be very costly and even intractable to compute when n is large. In this paper, we propose a Fast Clustering-based Kernel Foley–Sammon Transform (FCKFST) approach to tackle this problem. FCKFST solves KFST over a reductive l × l matrix representing clustering data instead of an n × n matrix of the original data, where l is exceedingly smaller than n. This paper also proves that FCKFST improving the calculating efficiency does not decrease the classification precision with comparison to KFST. We apply our method to digit and image recognition problems, and we obtain good experimental results.
ADAPTIVE SELECTIVITY REPRESENTATION: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: EL AALLAOUI M. , EL BOUHTOURI A. , AYADI A.
Published: January 2009

This paper focuses on the development of a new two-dimensional representation for images that can capture different features in images, ranging from highly directional ones to fully isotropic ones. We propose a multiselectivity analysis, defined by combining an isotropic multiscale and multidirection decomposition. The result is new half-continuous frame for each selectivity level. The angular selectivity of these frames grows with selectivity level. This selectivity level can be adapted locally to the content of the image; so it can be seen as an adaptive selectivity representation, which present adaptively isotropic, directional and intermediary features in images. The numerical experiments presented in this paper demonstrate that the adaptive selectivity approach is very competitive in image denoising and enhancement.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON SHAPE MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS OF Ti-50.85at.%Ni ALLOY
Authors: KIM J. I. , NAM T. H. , LEE Y. J. , MIYAZAKI S.
Published: January 2009

In order to clarify the effect of annealing on the shape memory behavior of Ti -50.85at.% Ni alloy, the deformation and transformation behavior were investigated using tensile tests and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The martensitic transformation temperature increases with increasing annealing temperature until it reach as a maximum, and then decreases with further increasing annealing temperature. This can be rationalized by interaction between the distribution of Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates and recovery of cold-worked structure. The R-phase transformation temperature increases with increasing annealing temperature until reaching a maximum, and then decreases with a further increase of annealing temperature. This is attributed to the change of Ni content in the matrix caused by precipitation of Ti 3 Ni 4. The critical stress for slip decreases rapidly with increasing annealing temperature, influenced by interaction between the distribution of Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates and recovery of cold-worked structure.
ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR WITH PROTON CONDUCTING κ-CARRAGEENAN–CHITOSAN ELECTROLYTES
Authors: SHUHAIMI N. E. A. , ALIAS N. A. , MAJID S. R. , AROF A. K.
Published: January 2009

Charge–discharge characteristics of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) using κ-carrageenan–chitosan based electrolyte is the focus of the present work. Chitosan and κ-carrageenan were blended to obtain films with high mechanical strength. The room temperature conductivity of 0.5 g chitosan + 0.5 g κ-carrageenan (CCPA) film and 0.5 g chitosan + 0.5 g κ-carrageenan + 0.1765 g ammonium nitrate (CCPAAN) film are (1.38 ± 0.36) × 10-6 S cm -1 and (2.39 ± 0.83) × 10-4 S cm -1, respectively. The conducting species is H + and conduction occurs via a Grotthuss mechanism. The resistance of the phenol resin based activated carbon electrode film is between 15 to 20 Ω. The capacitance of the EDLCs is stable over 20 cycles. The average discharge capacitance of the EDLC employing CCPAAN electrolyte and activated carbon electrodes is between 13 to 18.5 F g-1.
Metabolomics for Functional Genomics, Systems Biology, and Biotechnology
Authors: Saito Kazuki , Matsuda Fumio
Published: January 2009

Metabolomics now plays a significant role in fundamental plant biology and applied biotechnology. Plants collectively produce a huge array of chemicals, far more than are produced by most other organisms; hence, metabolomics is of great importance in plant biology. Although substantial improvements have been made in the field of metabolomics, the uniform annotation of metabolite signals in databases and informatics through international standardization efforts remains a challenge, as does the development of new fields such as fluxome analysis and single cell analysis. The principle of transcript and metabolite cooccurrence, particularly transcriptome coexpression network analysis, is a powerful tool for decoding the function of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. This strategy can now be used for the identification of genes involved in specific pathways in crops and medicinal plants. Metabolomics has gained importance in biotechnology applications, as exemplified by quantitative loci analysis, prediction of food quality, and evaluation of genetically modified crops. Systems biology driven by metabolome data will aid in deciphering the secrets of plant cell systems and their application to biotechnology.