bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Functionally Graded Lattices
Authors: Plocher János , Panesar Ajit
Published: December 2019

Latticing has become a common design practice in additive manufacturing (AM) and represents a key lightweighting strategy to date. Functional graded lattices (FGLs) have recently gained immense traction in the AM community, offering a unique way of tailoring the structural performance. This paper constitutes the first ever investigation on the combination of graded strut- and surface-based lattices with fiber-reinforced AM to further increase the performance-to-weight ratio. The energy absorption behavior of cubic lattice specimens composed of body-centered cubic and Schwarz-P unit cells with different severities of grading but the same mass, considered for uniaxial compression testing and printed by fused deposition modelling of short fiber-reinforced nylon, were investigated. The results elucidate that grading affects the energy absorption capability and deformation behavior of these lattice types differently. These findings can provide engineers with valuable insight into the properties of FGLs, aiding targeted rather than expertise-driven utilization of lattices in design for AM.
Opioid-Induced Constipation in Oncological Patients: New Strategies of Management
Authors: Mesía Ricard , Virizuela Echaburu Juan Antonio , Gómez Jose , Sauri Tamara , Serrano Gloria , Pujol Eduardo
Published: December 2019

Opinion statement

Cancer-associated pain has traditionally been treated with opioid analgesics, often in escalating doses. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common problem associated with chronic use of opioid analgesics. Typical treatment strategies to alleviate constipation are based on dietary changes, exercise, and laxatives. However, laxatives have a nonspecific action and do not target underlying mechanisms of OIC. This article will review prevalent, clinical presentation and recommendations for the treatment of OIC. An independent literature search was carried out by the authors. We reviewed the literature for randomized controlled trials that studied the efficacy of laxatives, naloxone, and naloxegol in treating OIC. Newer strategies addressing the causal pathophysiology of OIC are needed for a more effective assessment and management of OIC. Finally, traditional recommended therapies are appraised and compared with the latest pharmacological developments. Future research should address whether naloxegol is more efficacious by its comparison directly with first-line treatments, including laxatives.
Gelebte Vielfalt in der Hochschule durch eine diversitätsorientierte Zugangspraxis
Authors: Tomic Hensel Marina , Renner Patricia
Published: December 2019

Den Zugang zu Hochschulbildung sozial integrativer und die Teilhabe diversitätssensibel zu gestalten, ist gegenwärtig eines der zentralen Ziele in der österreichischen Hochschulpolitik. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie eine an der Diversität orientierte Zugangspraxis zur Inklusion an Hochschulen beitragen kann und welche Aufgabe dabei der Sozialpädagogik zukommt.
Implementation of a Data Management Quality Management Framework at the Marine Institute, Ireland
Authors: Leadbetter Adam , Carr Ramona , Flynn Sarah , Meaney Will , Moran Siobhan , Bogan Yvonne , Brophy Laura , Lyons Kieran , Stokes David , Thomas Rob
Published: December 2019

The International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-IODE) released a quality management framework for its National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) network in 2013. This document is intended, amongst other goals, to provide a means of assistance for NODCs to establish organisational data management quality management systems. The IOC-IODE’s framework also promotes the accreditation of NODCs which have implemented a Data Management Quality Management Framework adhering to the guidelines laid out in the IOC-IODE’s framework. In its submission for IOCE-IODE accreditation, Ireland’s National Marine Data Centre (hosted by the Marine Institute) included a Data Management Quality Management model; a manual detailing this model and how it is implemented across the scientific and environmental data producing areas of the Marine Institute; and, at a more practical level, an implementation pack consisting of a number of templates to assist in the compilation of the documentation required by the model and the manual.
The significance of morphometric analysis to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings
Authors: Mahala Avijit
Published: December 2019

Drainage morphometric parameters are important indicator to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics of any region. Present study aims to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings from drainage basin morphometric parameters. Remote sensing and GIS have been used as efficient tools in delineating and understanding of any drainage basin morphometry. The Kosi River basin of northern India for the mountain–plain tropical environment and Kangsabati River basin of eastern India for the plateau–plain sub-humid environment has been selected for the present study. The geological, geomorphological, hydrological, fluvial characteristics have been stressed out under linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The drainage morphometric parameters have been determined and measured after using the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer global DEM (90 m) in ARC GIS 10.1. All the linear morphometric measures of mountain–plain humid Kosi River basin indicate its high flood potentiality, whereas, linear morphometric measures of Kangsabati River basin indicate less flood potentiality and plateau landform characteristics of sub-humid environment. The mean bifurcation ratio also indicates Kosi River has greater flood potentiality than Kangsabati River. Kosi River has drained large amount of water due to its near-circular basin shape than Kangsabati River which has an elongated shape. All the relief characteristics indicate that tropical mountain–plain environment dominated Kosi River basin is in rejuvenated or young stage of geomorphic development, whereas sub-humid plateau–plain dominated Kangsabati River basin is in mature stage of geomorphic development. Most of the morphometric characteristics indicate there are high geologic and geomorphological controls on river basin characteristics. The remote sensing and GIS tool have been successfully implemented throughout the study to understand the morphometric characteristics in two different morpho-climatic settings. Also, the results can be used for plan formation and sustainable management of the study area.
Molecular modeling studies of repandusinic acid as potent small molecule for hepatitis B virus through molecular docking and ADME analysis
Authors: Subramaniyan Vijayakumar , Sekar Reetha , Praveenkumar Arulmozhi , Selvam Rajalakshmi
Published: December 2019

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has affected over 300 million people worldwide which causes to induce mostly liver disease and liver cancer. It is a member of the family Hepadnaviridae which is a small DNA virus with unusual characters like retroviruses. Generally, hepatoprotective drugs provoke some side effects in human beings. For the reason, this study aims to identify alternative drug molecules from the natural source of medicinal plants with smaller quantity of side effects than those conventional drugs in treating HBV.

Methods

We developed computational methods for calculating drug and target binding resemblance using the Maestro v10.2 of Schrodinger suite. The target and ligand molecules were obtained from recognized databases. Ligand molecules of 40 phytoconstituents were retrieved from variety of plants after we executed crucial analyses such as molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis.

Results

In the docking analysis, the natural analogues repandusinic acid showed better docking scores of –14.768 with good binding contacts. The remaining bioactive molecules corilagin, furosin, nirurin, iso‐quercetin and gallocatechin also showed better docking scores.

Conclusion

This computational analysis reveals that repandusinic acid is a suitable drug candidate for HBV. Therefore, we recommend that this analogue is suitable in further exploration using in vitro studies.
Ethical Conundrums and Virtual Humans
Authors: Reader John , Savin-Baden Maggi
Published: December 2019

This paper explores ethical conundrums and virtual humans through building upon a post-Kantian framework, and one emerging from what is known as New Materialism. It begins by presenting the recent research and literature on virtual humans and suggesting that the central ethical conundrums that need to be examined are those of agency and values. The paper then argues that a combination of Luciano Floridi’s approach and one developed from New Materialism, namely modest ethics, offers a means of engaging with the ethical conundrums of virtual humans. It is argued that as yet there is little evidence for a democratic design process for virtual humans nor is there evidence about the possible impact virtual humans may have on a postdigital society. The paper concludes by suggesting that there need to be more open processes for debate which bring to light the values that are being built into these profound developments by the experts and focuses on using a modest ethics approach.
Model analysis and resonance suppression of wide-bandwidth inertial reference system
Authors: Li Dong , Wu Tengfei , Ji Yue , Li Xingfei
Published: December 2019

In the fields of earth observation, deep space detection, laser communication, and directional energy weapon, the target needs to be observed and pointed at accurately. Acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) systems are usually designed to stabilize the line of sight (LOS) within sub-micro radian levels. In the case of an ATP system mounted on a mobile platform, angular disturbances experienced by the mobile platform will seriously affect the LOS. To overcome the problem that the sampling frequency of detectors is usually limited and achieving several hundreds of hertz is difficult, the wide-bandwidth inertial reference system (WBIRS) and fast steering mirror are usually integrated into ATP systems to mitigate these angular disturbances. To reduce the structural stress, a flexible support providing two rotational degrees of freedom is usually adopted for the system. However, the occurrence of resonant points within the bandwidth will be inevitable. Measurements have to be taken to compensate these low-frequency resonant points to realize a wide bandwidth and high precision. In this paper, the low-frequency resonant points of a system were simulated using finite element analysis and tested by a system identification method. The results show that the first-order resonance happened at 34.5 Hz with a gain of 28 dB. An improved double-T notch filter was designed and applied in a real-time system to suppress the resonance at 34.5 Hz. The experimental results show that the resonance was significantly suppressed. In particular, the resonance peak was reduced by 79.37%. In addition, the closed-loop system settling time was reduced by 36.2%.
Alekseyev and Others v. Russia (Eur. Ct. H.R.)
Authors: Cannoot Pieter
Published: December 2019

On November 27, 2018, the European Court of Human Rights (hereafter the ECtHR or the Court) delivered a judgment in the case of Alekseyev and Others v. Russia. The judgment is one of the latest episodes in a series of applications launched by well-known Russian LGBT+ activist Nikolay Alekseyev. In the judgment, the Court unanimously found violations of several articles of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), including the right to nondiscrimination.
Ritualizing a Nonroyal Building Termination at the Classic Maya Capital of Tamarindito, Guatemala
Authors: Eberl Markus , Gronemeyer Sven , Vela González Claudia Marie
Published: December 2019

Classic Maya “killed” objects. They broke and dispersed ceramic vessels. After adding exotic artifacts, they burned everything, buried the deposit with marl, and tore down associated rooms or buildings. This complex set of interrelated activities has been classified as a termination ritual. Instead of accepting this as a natural category, we study how the Classic Maya strategically differentiated some practices from others. Our case study are the deposits in Structure 5PS-12, an eighth-century AD building at the outskirts of the royal capital of Tamarindito, Guatemala. Destroyed wall foundations and evenly distributed wall fall indicate that Structure 5PS-12 was dismantled. Complete tools and exotic artifacts are found within the wall fall and on the floor. Refitted ceramic sherds show that partial vessels were broken apart and scattered across the building. The combination and sequence of these practices reveal a deliberate strategy to distinguish some practices from others. Its practitioners may have witnessed a fire ceremony conducted by the divine rulers of Tamarindito in AD 762. Structure 5PS-12 attests to shared and possibly copied ritual procedures, whereas unique practices establish a local way of abandonment. The process of differentiation allows people to display but also question shared cultural frameworks. The Maya ritualized practices in a social discourse about appropriate norms and behaviors.
Weapons of Resistance: The Material Symbolics of Postclassic Mexican Spinning and Weaving
Authors: McCafferty Geoffrey G. , McCafferty Sharisse D.
Published: December 2019

Material culture studies demonstrate how objects may act to communicate information regarding social identity. In this study we consider ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological evidence for Postclassic spinning and weaving as symbols relating to female ideology in ancient Mexico. We then relate a contextual interpretation of texts and images to contemporary symbolism, particularly associated with members of the female earth/fertility deity complex depicted and described in precolumbian and early colonial pictorial manuscripts. For our case study we analyze decorative imagery found on baked-clay spindle whorls from Postclassic Cholula, Mexico. This collection is representative of an iconographic system relating to female ideology. Whorls, as well as other spinning and weaving tools, paralleled male-oriented weapons to create a symbolic equivalence or, as we argue, a usurpation of the male symbols within a female worldview as a form of resistance to male domination. We conclude that the symbolic system used on spindle whorls and in other aspects of female practice created a communication network understood by Postclassic women.
The “Negro Problem,” the “Mormon Problem,” and the Pursuit of “Usefulness” in the White American Republic
Authors: Mueller Max Perry
Published: December 2019

By examining Booker T. Washington's (little studied) relationship with Mormon elites, this article introduces the category of “usefulness” to scholars who investigate how racially and religiously marginalized Americans have sought acceptance in the “white American republic.” Washington's 1913 visit to Utah was the high point in a decade-long public campaign of mutual admiration. Washington and the Mormons’ high regard for each other—an aberration in much of black-Mormon relations—was based on similar histories of discrimination at the hands of white Protestant Americans. It was also based on similar beliefs that to overcome their status as “problem” people, Washington-led blacks and Mormons had to prove their “usefulness”—a form of respectability politics—to themselves and to the American republic. To do so, they pointed to the fruits of their own and each other's usefulness: economic productivity, educational advancement, and middle-class mores. While these fruits were similar, the roots were different, and racialized. For the Mormons, usefulness arose from a post-polygamy Mormon religion through which they asserted their whiteness. For Washington, usefulness arose not from the “Negro” church—the only independent black institution in American history—but from educational institutions like Tuskegee, which promoted black advancement under the control of white supremacy.
John Chrysostom and the Rebirth of Antiochene Mission in Late Antiquity
Authors: Stanfill Jonathan P.
Published: December 2019

There is surprisingly little evidence to suggest that bishops played a major role in initiating and overseeing missionary endeavors between the second and fourth centuries CE. John Chrysostom (d. 407), who directed a number of missionary enterprises as the bishop of Constantinople, represents one well-established exception. This article argues that Chrysostom cultivated his distinctive approach to mission during his formative years in Antioch by tracing the key features of Chrysostom's mission strategy back to the activities of his episcopal mentors in Antioch, especially their efforts to promote the Christianization of the surrounding rural areas and their assertion of jurisdictional claims over regions beyond the Roman Empire. In conjunction with these activities, Chrysostom developed his own scriptural justification for mission during this period in which he advocated for emulation of the apostle Paul, who was, in his estimation, Christianity's missionary exemplar.
Black sea bass are a host in the developmental cycle of Lernaeenicus radiatus (Copepoda: Pennellidae): insights into parasite morphology, gill pathology and genetics
Authors: Lovy J. , Friend S. E.
Published: December 2019

Lernaeenicus radiatus, a mesoparasitic pennellid copepod, has long been known in the northwest Atlantic with metamorphosed females infecting the muscle of marine fish. The study herein is the first to identify a definitive first host, black sea bass Centropristis striata, for L. radiatus supporting larval development to adults and sexual reproduction in the gills. This finding suggests a two-host life cycle for L. radiatus, with black sea bass as the first host. Heavy infections in the gill were associated with considerable pathology related to a unique and invasive attachment process that penetrated the gill and selectively attached to the gill filament cartilage. The morphology of the developing copepod was highly conserved with that of a related pennellid copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, though was distinguished by the attachment process, unique pigmentation and other morphologic features described herein. Sequencing the small and large subunits of the ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes demonstrated L. radiatus to share closer identities with Lernaeocera and Haemobaphes spp. pennellid copepods rather than other Lernaeenicus spp. available in GenBank to date. Taxonomy of L. radiatus is discussed in relation to life cycles, tissue tropism, morphology and genetics of other closely related pennellid copepods.
Bellingshausen’s “Mountains”: The 1820 Russian sighting of Antarctica and Bellingshausen’s theory of the South Polar ice cap
Authors: Bulkeley Rip
Published: December 2019

There has been some uncertainty as to which of the two southerly probes, during which Bellingshausen passed latitude 69°S in early 1820, achieved the first sighting of an ice coast of Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. The author criticizes Frank Debenham’s English translation of Bellingshausen’s narrative before presenting and discussing new translations of Bellingshausen’s descriptions of those events, with relevant sections of his track chart, plus a third passage from the book which interpreted what was seen. He concludes that the Russians first sighted an ice coast in mid-February, rather than late January as has been widely claimed.
Post-Paradise, Birmingham, May/June 2019.
Authors: Dunn Lawrence
Published: December 2019

At the end of June, I had the unsettling pleasure of wandering through a blue fringed curtain and into the backroom-disco of Rowland Hill's miniaturised Eurodance clubnight. Presented at Post-Paradise in Birmingham, Interesting Times was a foreboding inoculation of nineties ‘lyrical optimism [in] an emotively charged minor key’. La Cream, Alice Deejay, Phutura, Aqua Ninja: their tracks have, as Hill writes in the programme notes, ‘melodies reminiscent of breaking news sound effects and beats that suggest states of both euphoria and emergency’ – this is music that brings an ‘unsettling blend of doubt and hopefulness’. Sash!’s ‘Mysterious Times’ opens with samples of thunder, later including the line ‘We're counting the hours and days to the end of all time’.
CELLO MULTIPHONICS: TECHNICAL AND MUSICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Fallowfield Ellen
Published: December 2019

This article presents selected results from a research project on cello multiphonics at the Hochschule für Musik Basel within which I am producing updated fingering charts in a smartphone application and affiliated online repository. The article details work that has informed this resource and illustrates results that reveal critical questions and point to future areas of interest. I begin by introducing cello multiphonics and contextualising my previous findings, then discuss pitch content, ‘chain’ multiphonics and the balance and intonation of multiphonic components.
Models of hydration and nutrition require environmental data
Authors: Muñoz Colleen X , Wininger Michael
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To recognize the causality of environmental factors (i.e. temperature, humidity and sun exposure) on nutritional variables, specifically body water balance and water-seeking behaviour.

Design:

Author perspective.

Setting:

Global.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

A free-standing code supplement is provided to facilitate investigators in accessing meteorological data for incorporation into analyses related to nutrition and hydration.

Conclusions:

Analytical models related to human hydration should account for the environment de rigueur.
II1 FACTORS WITH EXOTIC CENTRAL SEQUENCE ALGEBRAS
Authors: Ioana Adrian , Spaas Pieter
Published: December 2019

We provide a class of separable II1 factors $M$ whose central sequence algebra is not the ‘tail’ algebra associated with any decreasing sequence of von Neumann subalgebras of $M$. This settles a question of McDuff [On residual sequences in a II1 factor, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) (1971), 273–280].
The Rocky‐Like Behavior of Cometary Landslides on 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko
Authors: Lucchetti Alice , Penasa Luca , Pajola Maurizio , Massironi Matteo , Brunetti Maria Teresa , Cremonese Gabriele , Oklay Nilda , Vincent Jean‐Baptiste , Mottola Stefano , Fornasier Sonia , Sierks Holger , Naletto Giampiero , Lamy Philippe L. , Rodrigo Rafael , Koschny Detlef , Davidsson Bjorn , Barbieri Cesare , Barucci Maria Antonietta , Bertaux Jean‐Loup , Bertini Ivano , Bodewits Dennis , Cambianica Pamela , Da Deppo Vania , Debei Stefano , De Cecco Mariolino , Deller Jacob , Ferrari Sabrina , Ferri Francesca , Franceschi Marco , Fulle Marco , Gutiérrez Pedro , Güttler Carsten , Ip Wing‐H. , Keller Uwe , Lara Luisa , Lazzarin Monica , Moreno Jose Lopez , Marzari Francesco , Tubiana Cecilia
Published: December 2019

Landslides have been identified on several solar system bodies, and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain their runout length. We analyze images from the Rosetta mission and report the global characterization of such features on comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko's surface. By assuming the height to runout length as an approximation for the friction coefficient of landslide material, we find that on comet 67P, this ratio falls between 0.50 and 0.97. Such unexpected high values reveal a rocky‐type mechanical behavior that is much more akin to Earth dry landslides than to icy satellites' mass movements. This behavior indicates that 67P and likely comets in general are characterized by consolidated materials possibly rejecting the idea that they are fluffy aggregates. The variability of the runout length among 67P landslides can be attributed to the different volatile content located in the top few meters of the cometary crust, which can drive the mass movement.
Variability and Predictability of Indian Rainfall During the Monsoon Onset Month of June
Authors: Zhou Zhen‐Qiang , Xie Shang‐Ping , Zhang Renhe
Published: December 2019

Summer‐mean Indian rainfall (June to September) decreases during a developing El Niño. Here we investigate the variability and predictability of Indian rainfall in each summer month with a focus on June, the onset month of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We find that Indian rainfall in June is affected by both concurrent and antecedent El Niño conditions, with a larger contribution from the latter. During the post‐El Niño June, rainfall decreases over central and northeastern India with anomalously extended premonsoon heatwaves as the positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the north Indian Ocean delay the onset of the ISM. Our results suggest that the prediction of Indian rainfall in June needs to consider concurrent SST anomalies over both the equatorial Pacific and north Indian Oceans. A better prediction of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and north Indian Ocean SSTs can improve the prediction of the ISM onset, the termination of premonsoon heatwaves, and Indian rainfall in June.
Author Correction: Efficient increase of ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in tomato fruits by targeted mutagenesis
Authors: Nonaka Satoko , Arai Chikako , Takayama Mariko , Matsukura Chiaki , Ezura Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Brain networks underlying aesthetic appreciation as modulated by interaction of the spectral and temporal organisations of music
Authors: Kim Seung-Goo , Mueller Karsten , Lepsien Jöran , Mildner Toralf , Fritz Thomas Hans
Published: December 2019

Music is organised both spectrally and temporally, determining musical structures such as musical scale, harmony, and sequential rules in chord progressions. A number of human neuroimaging studies investigated neural processes associated with emotional responses to music investigating the influence of musical valence (pleasantness/unpleasantness) comparing the response to music and unpleasantly manipulated counterparts where harmony and sequential rules were varied. Interactions between the previously applied alterations to harmony and sequential rules of the music in terms of emotional experience and corresponding neural activities have not been systematically studied although such interactions are at the core of how music affects the listener. The current study investigates the interaction between such alterations in harmony and sequential rules by using data sets from two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. While replicating the previous findings, we found a significant interaction between the spectral and temporal alterations in the fronto-limbic system, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen. We further revealed that the functional connectivity between the vmPFC and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was reduced when listening to excerpts with alterations in both domains compared to the original music. As it has been suggested that the vmPFC operates as a pivotal point that mediates between the limbic system and the frontal cortex in reward-related processing, we propose that this fronto-limbic interaction might be related to the involvement of cognitive processes in the emotional appreciation of music.
Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra)
Authors: Aristizabal John F. , Negrete-Yankelevich Simoneta , Macías-Ordóñez Rogelio , Chapman Colin A. , Serio-Silva Juan C.
Published: December 2019

The availability and spatial distribution of food resources affect animal behavior and survival. Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have a foraging strategy to balance their nutrient intake that involves mixing their consumption of leaves and fruits. The spatial aggregation of food items should impact this strategy, but how it does so is largely unknown. We quantified how leaf and fruit intake combined (here termed food set selection) was spatially aggregated in patches and how food aggregation varied across seasons. Using variograms we estimated patch diameter and with Generalized Least Square models determined the effect of food spatial aggregation on food selection. Only fruits were structured in patches in the season of highest availability (dry-season). The patches of food set selection had a diameter between 6.9 and 14 m and were explained by those of mature fruit availability which were between 18 and 19 m in diameter. Our results suggest that the spatial pattern of food selection is influenced by patches of large fruit-bearing trees, not by particular species. Fruit also occur along spatial gradients, but these do not explain food selection, suggesting that howlers maximize food intake in response to local aggregation of fruit that are limiting during certain seasons. We demonstrate how the independent spatial modelling of resources and behavior enables the definition of patches and testing their spatial relationship.
Low prevalence of symptomatic thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Properzi Martina , della Giustina Tommaso , Mentasti Sara , Castelli Francesco , Chiesa Annacarla , Gregori Natalia , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia
Published: December 2019

Thyroid diseases (TDs) have been widely associated with HIV infection. However, data about TDs prevalence and distribution are controversial, and few published studies are available. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic thyroid disturbances, including thyroid cancers, in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients. A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of the University of Brescia, Italy, in the period 2005–2017. We identified all HIV-positive patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic TD in the electronic database of our Department (HIVeDB); we also operated a record-linkage between our data and the Health Protection Agency database (HPADB) of Brescia Province. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with TDs onset; an incidence rate analysis was also performed. During the study period, 6343 HIV-infected patients have been followed at our Department; 123 received a diagnosis of symptomatic TD (1.94% of the entire cohort). In the TDs group, almost half of patients were females (n = 59, 48%), mean age was 47.15 years (SD: 11.56). At TD diagnosis, mean T CD4+ cell count was 491 cell/uL and most patients showed undetectable HIV-RNA (n = 117, 95.12%). Among them, 81 patients were found to have hypothyroidism (63 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), 21 hyperthyroidism (17 suffered from Graves’ disease), while 11 subjects were diagnosed with a primitive thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer was the most frequent histotype (n = 7, 63.63%), followed by medullary (n = 2, 18.18%) and follicular thyroid cancer (n = 1, 9.1%). Male gender was a protective factor for TDs development, especially for hypothyroidism (p < 0.001); age emerged as a variable associated with both hypothyroidism (p = 0.03) and thyroid cancer (p = 0.03), while CD4+ cell nadir <200 cell/mm3was associated with symptomatic hyperthyroidism (p = 0.005). To conclude, symptomatic thyroid dysfunctions rate in well-treated HIV-infected patients is low. Age and gender are crucial elements in the onset of thyroid abnormalities, together with T CD4+ cell nadir. Interestingly, medullary thyroid cancer seems to be much more frequent in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population.
Insights into the κ/ι-carrageenan metabolism pathway of some marine Pseudoalteromonas species
Authors: Hettle Andrew G. , Hobbs Joanne K. , Pluvinage Benjamin , Vickers Chelsea , Abe Kento T. , Salama-Alber Orly , McGuire Bailey E. , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Hui Joseph P. M. , Berrue Fabrice , Banskota Arjun , Zhang Junzeng , Bottos Eric M. , Van Hamme Jonathan , Boraston Alisdair B.
Published: December 2019

Pseudoalteromonas is a globally distributed marine-associated genus that can be found in a broad range of aquatic environments, including in association with macroalgal surfaces where they may take advantage of these rich sources of polysaccharides. The metabolic systems that confer the ability to metabolize this abundant form of photosynthetically fixed carbon, however, are not yet fully understood. Through genomics, transcriptomics, microbiology, and specific structure-function studies of pathway components we address the capacity of newly isolated marine pseudoalteromonads to metabolize the red algal galactan carrageenan. The results reveal that the κ/ι-carrageenan specific polysaccharide utilization locus (CarPUL) enables isolates possessing this locus the ability to grow on this substrate. Biochemical and structural analysis of the enzymatic components of the CarPUL promoted the development of a detailed model of the κ/ι-carrageenan metabolic pathway deployed by pseudoalteromonads, thus furthering our understanding of how these microbes have adapted to a unique environmental niche.
Influence of the formation of short-chain olefins by manganese/cobalt-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on the selectivity and effective reaction rate
Authors: Schröder Dominik , Thiessen Johannes , Jess Andreas , Scholz Judith
Published: December 2019

For cobalt catalysts with manganese as promoter, a high selectivity to olefins is found in low-temperature FTS over small catalyst particles. With industrial scale particles severe changes in selectivity and an increase of reaction rate is found.
Sulfide and ferrous iron preferentially target specific surface O-functional groups of graphene oxide: implications for accumulation of contaminants
Authors: Wang Fanfan , Liu Xinlei , Li Xuguang , Jiang Chuanjia , Zhang Tong , Chen Wei
Published: December 2019

Sulfide and ferrous iron target different functional groups of graphene oxide and enhance the adsorption of heavy metals to different extents.
Enhancement of the anti-inflammatory properties of grape pomace treated by Trametes versicolor
Authors: Bucić-Kojić Ana , Fernandes Fátima , Silva Tânia , Planinić Mirela , Tišma Marina , Šelo Gordana , Šibalić Darijo , Pereira David M. , Andrade Paula B.
Published: December 2019

The application of solid-state fermentation for the production of value-added products from the agro- and food-industry residues has been recently investigated greatly.
Guar gum different from Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in alleviating colorectal cancer based on omics analysis
Authors: Luo Jianming , Li Tianxing , Xie Jinli , Guo Hui , Liu Liu , Zhang Guangwen , Peng Xichun
Published: December 2019

Guar gum alleviated CRC, although the effect was inferior to GLP's. This could be potentially be attributed to the increased presence of Akkermansia, the alteration of 10 microbial metabolic pathways and the upregulation of 4 epithelial cell genes.
A gold nanoparticle-intercalated mesoporous silica-based nanozyme for the selective colorimetric detection of dopamine
Authors: Ray Shounak , Biswas Rima , Banerjee Rumeli , Biswas Papu
Published: December 2019

A AuNP nanoparticle-incorporated mesoporous silica-based nanozyme exhibited the peroxidase-like activity and was utilized for the selective colorimetric detection of dopamine.
Recent progress in well-defined higher azaacenes (n≥ 6): synthesis, molecular packing, and applications
Authors: Zhang Zhongbo , Zhang Qichun
Published: December 2019

In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in the synthetic strategies, photo-electronic properties, molecular packing modes and applications of azaacenes (n≥ 6) with single-crystal structures.
Insights into a novel class of azobenzenes incorporating 4,6-O-protected sugars as photo-responsive organogelators
Authors: Bhavya P. V. , Rabecca Jenifer V. , Muthuvel Panneerselvam , Mohan Das T.
Published: December 2019

A novel class of 4,6-O-butylidene/ethylidene/benzylidene β-d-glucopyranose gelator functionalized with photo-responsive azobenzene moieties were designed and synthesized and also characterized using different spectral techniques.
Direct intramolecular double cross-dehydrogentive-coupling (CDC) cyclization of N-(2-pyridyl)amidines under metal-free conditions
Authors: Yi Fengping , Fu Chao , Sun Qihui , Wei Huazhen , Yu Genfa , Yi Weiyin
Published: December 2019

A metal-free protocol to form 2-iminoimidazo[1,2-a]-pyridines from N-(2-pyridyl)amidines, in which the constructed heterocyclic skeletons are promoted by CBr4via radical or nucleophilic substitution reactions under mild conditions, is demonstrated.
Protocells programmed through artificial reaction networks
Authors: Lyu Yifan , Peng Ruizi , Liu Hui , Kuai Hailan , Mo Liuting , Han Da , Li Juan , Tan Weihong
Published: December 2019

In this review, the milestones and recent progress of protocells programmed by various types of artificial reaction networks are highlighted.
Electrocatalytic cleavage of lignin model dimers using ruthenium supported on activated carbon cloth
Authors: Garedew Mahlet , Young-Farhat Daniel , Bhatia Souful , Hao Pengchao , Jackson James E. , Saffron Christopher M.
Published: December 2019

Thermally resistant 4-O-5 linked lignin model dimers are cleaved to valuable intermediates under mild conditions with high faradaic efficiency.
Reactive oxygen species-activatable camptothecin polyprodrug based dextran enhances chemotherapy efficacy by damaging mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Tian , Ma Xianbin , Bai Shuang , Wang Yajun , Zhang Xiaoli , Lu Yi , Wen Feiqiu , Xue Peng , Kang Yuejun , Xu Zhigang
Published: December 2019

Low loading capacity, poor accumulation rate and weak permeability at tumor sites have been identified as the critical barriers for anti-cancer nanomedicines (ANMs).
A perylene diimide electron acceptor with a triphenylamine core: promoting photovoltaic performanceviahot spin-coating
Authors: Hu Juan , Liu Xingbin , Wang Kangwei , Wu Mingliang , Huang Huaxi , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong
Published: December 2019

Hot spin-coating improves the photovoltaic performance of PDI oligomer based OSCs.
Clinical Success Using the Audio-Visual Feedback Training for Cluttering
Authors: van Zaalen Yvonne , Reichel Isabella
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Among the best strategies to address inadequate speech monitoring skills and other parameters of communication in people with cluttering (PWC) is the relatively new but very promising auditory–visual feedback (AVF) training (
van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015
). This study examines the effects of AVF training on articulatory accuracy, pause duration, frequency, and type of disfluencies of PWC, as well as on the emotional and cognitive aspects that may be present in clients with this communication disorder (
Reichel, 2010
;
van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015
).

Methods

In this study, 12 male adolescents and adults—6 with phonological and 6 with syntactic cluttering—were provided with weekly AVF training for 12 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Data was gathered on baseline (T0), Week 6 (T1), Week 12 (T2), and after follow-up (T3). Spontaneous speech was recorded and analyzed by using digital audio-recording and speech analysis software known as Praat (
Boersma & Weenink, 2017
).

Results

The results of this study indicated that PWC demonstrated significant improvements in articulatory rate measurements and in pause duration following the AVF training. In addition, the PWC in the study reported positive effects on their ability to retell a story and to speak in more complete sentences. PWC felt better about formulating their ideas and were more satisfied with their interactions with people around them.

Conclusions

The AVF training was found to be an effective approach for improving monitoring skills of PWC with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in the behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication.
Regulation of host immune cells and cytokine production induced byTrichinella spiralisinfection
Authors: Song Yining , Xu Jing , Wang Xuelin , Yang Yong , Bai Xue , Pang Jianda , Wang Xinrui , Yu Mingchuan , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Xiaolei , Sun Shumin
Published: December 2019

The nematodeTrichinella spiraliscan cause immunoregulation during the early phase of infection. However, previous studies are still insufficient for a full understanding of this phenomenon and its underlying mechanism. In this study, immune cells and cytokine profiles ofT. spiralisinfected mice were examined by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and flow cytometry. The MSD results of the spleen showed that Th1 immunity was inhibited from 6 h to 6 days post-infection (dpi) and the level of Th2 immune response was significantly increased at 6 dpi. The mesenteric lymph node showed a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response from 3 dpi to 6 dpi with a downtrend of Th1 at 6 dpi. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of Th1 cells of T cells was decreased significantly at 6 h after infection, the proportion of Th2 cells was markedly increased, indicating that Th1 immunity was significantly inhibited at 6 h after infection, and a hybrid immune response based on Th2 type was presented from 30 h to 6 dpi. The immunoregulation effects observed during this study have provided a better understanding of the development of the immune response induced byTrichinellainfection.
Prüfungsthema: Becken
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2019

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Prüfungsfragen mit dem Becken.
Maligne Tumoren im Becken
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2019

Im kleinen Becken treten verhältnismäßig häufig maligne Entartungen wie Ovarialkarzinome, Korpuskarzinome, Zervixkarzinome und Harnblasenkarzinome auf. Es können sich im gesamten Beckenbereich aber auch Sarkome entwickeln.
Nerv unter Druck
Authors: Kaiser Kerstin
Published: December 2019

Lena T. leidet unter Lumboischialgien, Blasenentzündungen mit Nierenbeteiligung, Kopfschmerzen und Verdauungsstörungen, die ärztliche Diagnose lautet Piriformis-Syndrom. Blockaden im Bereich von Iliosakralgelenk, Symphyse, Sakrum, zervikothorakalem Übergang und HWS sowie eine eingeschränkte Blasen- und Nierenbeweglichkeit lassen auf eine Störung des ligamentären, faszialen und reflektorischen Zusammenspiels zwischen Beckenstrukturen, Wirbelsäule und Schädelbasis schließen. Nach Mobilisation von Blase, Niere, Beckenboden sowie Nervenund Muskeldehnungen verschwinden die Symptome innerhalb weniger Wochen.
Was macht ein Optometrist?
Authors: Hoste Michael
Published: December 2019

Die DHZ-Herausgeberin Magga Corts und Gastherausgeber Christian Blumbach im Gespräch mit dem Optometristen und Spezialisten für Binokularsehen Michael Hoste darüber, was seinen Beruf ausmacht und wann eine Kooperation für Heilpraktiker besonders bereichernd ist.
Hämodialyse in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Heering Peter J. , Schmitz Michael
Published: December 2019

Das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) stellt ein häufiges Problem bei der Versorgung intensivmedizinischer Patienten dar. Daten aus den USA belegen zudem eine Zunahme der Inzidenz des ANV von 10 % pro Jahr über die letzten 10 Jahre. Die Mortalität des ANV ist dabei unverändert hoch und liegt abhängig vom Stadium und Begleiterkrankungen zwischen 20 und 80 %. Die Indikation für die Einleitung einer akuten Nierenersatztherapie wird auf den Intensivstationen überwiegend von Anästhesisten gestellt. Auf Intensivstationen kleiner Krankenhäuser werden i. d. R. von Anästhesisten kontinuierliche Verfahren eingesetzt, während Internisten mit ambulanter nephrologischer Begleitung häufig intermittierende Hämodialyseverfahren einsetzen. Während es klare Empfehlungen zum Beginn einer Nierenersatztherapie für therapierefraktäre, vital bedrohliche Zustände gibt, ist die Datenlage für andere Situation unsicher. Seit der Publikation von 2 großen Studien ist die Frage der Dosis der Nierenersatztherapie allgemein konsentiert. Es konnte weder ein Überlebensvorteil noch eine Verbesserung der Organfunktion bei einer Steigerung der Dosis von 20–25 ml/kg KG/h beobachtet werden. Die KDIGO-Leitlinien empfehlen den Einsatz der regionalen Zitratantikoagulation, neuere Daten unterstützen auch den Einsatz bei Leberversagen oder Schock. Sollte dieses Verfahren nicht zur Verfügung stehen, sind SOPs für Patienten mit Blutungsrisiko zu entwickeln.
Therapie der kindlichen Uveitis intermedia und posterior mit intravitrealen Steroiden
Authors: Winterhalter Sibylle
Published: December 2019

Die Uveitis im Kindesalter weist ein hohes Erblindungsrisiko auf. Bei einer nicht infektiösen Uveitis intermedia und posterior sind lokal applizierte Steroid-Augentropfen nicht ausreichend wirksam, sodass bei Visusverschlechterung und Komplikationen eine systemische Therapie erfolgen muss. Diese entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Therapiealgorithmus der JIA-Assoziierten Uveitis anterior wie in der S2k-Leitlinie 045–012 zur Diagnostik und antientzündlichen Therapie der Uveitis bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis mit Stand 01/2018 beschrieben. Bei pädiatrischen Patienten jedoch, die nur an einem Auge ohne Systemerkrankung leiden, wäre eine intravitreale Therapie wünschenswert, um Nebenwirkungen einer systemischen Therapie zu vermeiden. Intravitreal verabreichte Steroide weisen zwar eine sehr gute Wirksamkeit auf. Leider besteht jedoch das Risiko für ein Steroid-induziertes Glaukom sowie eine Steroid-induzierte Katarakt, sodass intravitreal verabreichte Steroide laut S2k-Leitlinie nur als Rescue-Therapie genutzt werden sollten.
Die Wirkung des Wassers – Hydrotherapie beim Kleintier
Authors: Süße Stefanie , Scharwey Reinhold
Published: December 2019

Wasser kann mit seinem positiven Einfluss auf den Organismus für unterschiedliche therapeutische Indikationen wirkungsvoll genutzt werden. Doch welche Behandlungsformen finden beim Kleintier Anwendung und worauf sollte man bei Hund und Katze achten?
Update kardiorenales Syndrom
Authors: Emrich Insa , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix
Published: December 2019

Das kardiorenale Syndrom bezeichnet die Interaktion zwischen Herz- und Nierenerkrankungen. Akute oder chronische Funktionseinschränkungen des einen Organs können dabei zu akuten oder chronischen Funktionseinschränkungen des jeweils anderen führen. Die Prävalenz nimmt seit Jahren stetig zu. Betroffene Patienten gehören zur kardiovaskulären Hochrisikogruppe, deren adäquate leitliniengerechte Therapie unerlässlich ist. Im Folgenden möchten wir einen Überblick über neueste Studienergebnisse geben und auf wichtige Komorbiditäten und deren Behandlung hinweisen.
Kann eine herausnehmbare Zahnspange Auswirkungen auf die HWS-Beweglichkeit haben?
Authors: Scheunchen Mandy , Müßig Dieter
Published: December 2019

Diese Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen eines funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräts auf die Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. In der Vorbereitungsphase der Studie wurden relevante Kriterien definiert, ein Frage- und Untersuchungsbogen entwickelt sowie ein Konzept zur Umsetzung in einer kieferorthopädischen Fachpraxis konzipiert. Die Messungen erfolgten bei 20 jugendlichen Probanden zu 3 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (Tag 1, nach 6 Wochen, nach 6 Monaten).

Nach 6 Monaten hatte sich die Flexion signifikant verringert. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, dass das Ausmaß der vertikalen Sperrung und des Overbites sowie das skelettale und chronologische Alter signifikanten Einfluss auf die CROM hatten.

Das beschriebene Konzept dient als Vorstudie für weitere Studien mit größerem Umfang.
Gelenk der Mitte
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: December 2019

Der Beckengürtel reagiert äußerst sensitiv auf Veränderungen der Lastverteilung, des Bewegungsablaufs sowie des myofaszialen, duralen und viszeralen Gleichgewichts im Körper. Das Iliosakralgelenk mit seinen Muskeln, Sehnen und Bändern sowie dem angeschlossenen Sakrum gewährleistet sowohl Stabilität als auch Mobilität für den ganzen Körper. Im vorgestellten Fall führte eine Sektio-Narbe zu einer verminderten Beweglichkeit und erhöhten Spannung im Becken, die sich mit gezielter Mobilisation beheben ließ.