bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Agroecological Transition Of Intensive Cereal System Of Indo-Gangetic Plains Deliver Sustainable And Nutritious Food?
Authors: Gora M. K. , Kumar Satish , Jat H. S. , Kakraliya S. K. , Choudhary Madhu , Dhaka A. K. , Jat R. D. , Kakraliya Manish , Sharma P. C. , Jat M. L.
Published: March 2022

Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of South Asia have supported bulk of human and bovine population in the region since ages, and a spectacular progress has been made here on food production. However, this cereal-system-dominated region still suffers with challenges of malnourishment, declining total factor productivity and natural resource degradation with potential threats of climate change. Addressing these challenges would require a transition towards agroecological cropping systems. A study was, therefore, conducted on crop diversification and sustainable intensification options using agro-ecological approaches such as Conservation Agriculture (CA) to ensure food and nutritional security while sustaining the natural resources. On 2 years mean basis, CA-based cropping system management scenarios (mean of Sc2-Sc7) using diversified rotations; increased the system yield by 15.4%, net return by 28.7%, protein yield by 29.7%while using 53.0% less irrigation water compared to conventional tillage (CT)-based rice-wheat system (Sc1). Maize-mustard-mungbean on permanent beds (Sc4) recorded the highest productivity (+40.7%), profitability (+60.1%), and saved 81.8% of irrigation water compared to Sc1 (11.8 Mg ha-1; 2190 USD ha-1; 2514 mm ha-1). It was closely followed by Sc5 (32.3, 57.4, 413.8, 75.5%) i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean on permanent beds. In terms of nutritional value, Sc5 was more balanced than other scenarios, and produced 43.8, 27.5 and 259.8% higher protein, carbohydrate and fat yields, respectively, compared to Sc1 (0.93, 8.55 and 0.14 Mg ha-1). Scenario 5 was able to meet the nutrient demand of 19, 23 and 32 more persons ha-1 year-1 with respect to protein, carbohydrate and fat demand, respectively, compared to Sc1 (44, 86 and 13 persons ha-1 year-1).However, the highest protein and fat yield and their adult equivalents was associated with Sc6 (soybean based) and Sc4 (maize based), respectively. Soybean based system (Sc6) was economically more efficient with respect to nutrients than other systems. Mungbean integration improved the system productivity by 17.2 % and profitability by 32.1%, while improving the irrigation water productivity by three times compared to CT-based systems. In western IGP, CA-based maize-wheat-mungbean system was the most productive, profitable and nutritionally rich and efficient system compared to other systems. Therefore, CA- based crop diversification is an option to ensure quality and nutritious food for the dwelling communities in the region.
Shapify: Pathways to SARS-CoV-2 Frameshifting Pseudoknot
Authors: Trinity Luke , Wark Ian , Lansing Lance , Jabbari Hosna , Stege Ulrike
Published: March 2022

Background: Multiple viruses including HIV, MERS-CoV (coronavirus responsible for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS), SARS-CoV (coronavirus responsible for SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus responsible for COVID-19) use a mechanism known as -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) to successfully replicate. SARS-CoV-2 possesses a unique RNA pseudoknotted structure that stimulates -1 PRF. Recent experiments identified small molecules as antiviral agents that can bind to the pseudoknot and disrupt its stimulation of -1 PRF. Targeting -1 PRF in SARS-CoV-2 to impair viral replication can improve patients' prognoses.Crucial to developing these successful therapies is modeling the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF pseudoknot.Our goal is to expand knowledge of possible pseudoknot conformations. Results: Following a structural alignment approach, we identify similarities in -1 PRF pseudoknots of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. We introduce Shapify, a novel algorithm that given an RNA sequence incorporates structural reactivity (SHAPE) data and partial structure information to output an RNA secondary structure prediction within a biologically sound hierarchical folding approach. Shapify helps us to better understand non-native SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF pseudoknot conformations that are relevant to structure function and may correlate with -1 PRF efficiency. We provide in-depth analysis by investigating the structural landscape for the SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF pseudoknot, including reference and mutated sequences. To better understand the impact of mutations, we provide insight on SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF pseudoknot sequence mutations and their effect on the resulting structure. Conclusion: We identify the consensus structure for SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV -1 PRF pseudoknots; this similarity in functional RNA structures aids treatment preparation for existing and emergent viruses. Shapify predictions are guided both by SHAPE data and partial structure information. Applied to the SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF pseudoknot, Shapify unveiled previously unknown pathways from initial stems to pseudoknotted secondary structures. Where SHAPE data is unavailable we provide predictions for noteworthy SARS-CoV-2 -1 PRF mutated pseudoknot sequences. By contextualizing our work with available experimental data, our structure predictions motivate future RNA structure-function research and can aid 3-D modeling of pseudoknots.
Early Anatomical Changes and Association with Photodynamic Therapy Induced Acute Exudative Maculopathy in Patients with Macular Diseases
Authors: Yamamoto Manabu , Honda Satoshi , Kohno Takeya , Hirayama Kumiko , Kyo Akika , Hirabayashi Michiko , Honda Shigeru
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate and predictors of photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM). This retrospective study included 39 eyes of 39 patients (32 males and 7 females), who were treated with initial PDT. PAEM was defined as an increase in central retinal thickness (CRT) of 10% or more measured by OCT on day 3 after PDT compared with baseline. Sixteen of 39 eyes (41%) were classified in the PAEM+ group. CRT and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were significantly increased at 3 days in the PAEM+ group and significantly decreased at 1 month after PDT in the PAEM- group. In a multiple comparison, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) had a significantly higher incidence of PAEM compared to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The incidence of PAEM was lower in PCV and CSC, and higher in nAMD. BCVA at 1 month was significantly worse in the PAEM group, which may be related to visual prognosis after PDT. Since both CRT and CCT decrease at 1 month, the detection of PAEM needs to be assessed a few days after PDT.
Comparative Study of Triangular Osteosynthesis with and without Robotic Assistance for Unilateral Unstable Sacral Fractures Involving Lumbosacral Junction Injuries
Authors: Liu Zhao-jie , Gu Ya , Jia Jian
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo compare the therapeutic effects of triangular osteosynthesis (TOS) with and without robotic assistance for unilateral unstable sacral fractures (USFs) involving lumbosacral junction injuries (LSJIs).Methods Patients with unilateral USF involving ipsilateral LSJI fixed with TOS were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups: the robot group (TOS with robotic assistance) and the conventional group (open reduction and TOS fixation). Screw position was assessed with Gras criterion. Patients were followed up with routine visits for clinical and radiographic examination. Clinical function outcome was recorded and scored with Majeed scoring system at last follow-up.Results Eleven patients in the robot group and seventeen patients in the conventional group were recruited into this study. Significant differences in surgical bleeding (P<0.001) and fluoroscopy times (P=0.002) were noted between the two groups. Operation time (P=0.027) and fracture healing time (P=0.041) was shorter in the robot group.There was no difference on postoperative residual displacement between the two groups (P=0.971). According to the modified Gras criterion, the percentages of grade I on sacroiliac screws were 90.9% (10/11) and 70.6% (12/17), and that on pedicle screws were 100% (11/11) and 100% (17/17), respectively. The rate of incision-related complications was 0% (0/11) in the robot group and 11.8% (2/17) in the conventional group. Statistical difference was shown on the Majeed criterion (P=0.039), with higher scores in the robot group.ConclusionTOS with robotic assistance for the treatment of USFs involving LSJIs was minimally invasive and feasible, with the advantages of decreasing fluoroscopy and incision-related complications.
Influence of Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Peanut Yields, Economics and Resource Efficiency in Thar Desert of South Asia
Authors: Poonia Tanuja , Kumawat S. M. , Kumar Sheilendra
Published: March 2022

Arid regions of Rajasthan province of India have very low productivity and due to hungry and thirsty soil it further affected by continuous and inappropriate tillage and fertilizer management practices. This posing a serious threat to the sustainability of peanut cultivation in these degraded soils of arid region of Thar desert. A two year study was piloted to explore the efficient tillage and fertilizer management practices and their influence on crop and water productivity and nutrient uptake in peanut. The experiment was planned with three tillage practices in main plots and six fertilizer management options in sub plots, and replicated four times. Deep tillage (DT) (25 cm) contributed significantly higher pod (2.98 Mg ha− 1), kernel (2.16Mg ha− 1), protein (0.24 Mg ha− 1), and oil (0.91 Mg ha− 1) yield which were respectively 13, 26, 26 and 28% higher over the minimum tillage (MT). DT also recorded higher water productivity and crop profitability by 12.2 and 13.3% respectively, compared to MT. MT recorded the higher energy use efficiency (EUE) by 10.2% and energy profitability (EP) by 12.5% compared to DT, respectively. Among nutrient management options peanut (20kg N + 32 kg P + 15 kg K ha− 1) (RDF) along with seed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) recorded significantly higher pod (3.50 Mg ha− 1), kernel (2.59 Mg ha− 1), protein (0.29 Mg ha− 1), and oil (1.11 Mg ha− 1) yields compared to RDF without seed inoculation (respectively, 2.86, 2.12, 0.24 and 0.89 Mg ha− 1). Also recorded the maximum water productivity (8.27 kg ha− 1), net return (2708.32), EUE (10.89 MJ ha− 1), and EP (0.18 kg MJ− 1) over rest of the nutrient management practices. Thus, deep tillage along with RDF + PSB + AMF (2 kg ha− 1) enhanced peanut pod, kernel, protein and oil yields as well as peanut water productivity and economic returns under alkaline soils of arid region.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence to create a building that can adapt to future challenges
Authors: Maksoud Aref , Al-Beer Hayder Basel
Published: March 2022

Adaptability is a crucial quality in nature, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides leverage for adaptability in Architecture. This paper integrates AI to create self-learning buildings that can adapt to future challenges. The aim is to make buildings that collect data from their environment through sensors and adjust according to these data. The approach followed in this paper starts making an extensive research on the use of AI in Architecture. The data gathered from that research was then used to design this building. The design of this building follows a parametric approach with the help of machine learning in the form of computational design tools. An algorithm was designed with Grasshopper Scripting to generate documents that biomimetics the Coral Growth process and adapt that form to the selected site of the project. To ensure that the generated form is adaptable, multiple analyses were made, such as sunlight, radiation, and shadow analysis, before selecting the form and finishing the form development. The result was an environmentally responsive form that extends from the site's surroundings, which have high levels of adaptability. Integrating technology in the architecture of future buildings provides adaptable buildings and helps save some of the energy used by buildings and thus build a sustainable planet.
Prognostic Value of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) to Predict Perfusion Defects in Myocardial SPECT in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ghodsirad Mohammadali , Arefnia Maryam , Ariani Toktam Hosseinnezhad , Alirezaei Toktam , Hosseinzadeh Elinaz , Amoui Mahasti , Pirayesh Elahe , Norouzi Ghazal
Published: March 2022

Introduction; An increase in the average volume of platelets has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the use of myocardial perfusion scans to study the association between MPV and myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Materials and Methods; This was a cross-sectional study. Forty-nine patients with known type 2 diabetes DM and without obvious cardiovascular symptoms and 49 healthy individuals were included. A myocardial perfusion scan was performed in rest and stress with dipyridamole/dobutamine/exercise testing. Data entered SPSS software and analyzed. A p value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results; In total, 98 participants including 49 patients with DM and 49 healthy individuals were included. Laboratory variables as well as cardiac scan items including Summed Stress Score (SSS), Summed Rest Score (SRS), Summed Difference Score (SDS), Ejection Fraction (EF) and End Systolic Volume (ESV) were not statistically different in the two groups. Only the average platelet count was higher in controls than diabetics. In regression analysis, by one-unit increase in MPV, the SRS increased by an average of 0.46 (CI; 0.08-0.83 β: 0.46), only in healthy controls.Discussion and Conclusion; MPV is a predictor of myocardial perfusion defects, which could be measured easily for patients in different clinical scenarios as a herald for coronary artery disease, especially in healthy individuals.
Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the leaves and stem bark of Symphonia globulifera L.f. and Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk
Authors: Lukubye Ben , Ajayi Clement Olusoji , Wangalwa Raphael , Kagoro-Rugunda Grace
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSymphonia globulifera and Allophylus abyssinicus are used in the management of skin rashes and sores, cough, malaria, digestive diseases, stomach ache, wounds, helminthic infections among others in Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon. This study aimed at determining the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of these two plants.Methods The stem bark and leaves of both plants were collected from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, and air dried under shade at room temperature. Cold maceration, decoction and infusion with methanol, water and ethyl acetate as solvents were used in phytochemical extraction. Preliminary qualitative screening and thin layer chromatography were used for phytochemical profiling. Antimicrobial activity was analysed by Agar well diffusion assay, macro broth dilution assay and fractional inhibition concentration index. ResultsLeaves and stem bark of both plants have a diverse set of phytochemical compounds of variable polarity including, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, anthraquinones among others. Generally, methanol and water extracts of S. globulifera and A. abyssinicus had in-vitro bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but weak fungistatic activity against Candida albicans. Allophylus abyssinicus Leaf water and Symphonia globulifera Leaf methanol extract combination had a synergistic activity (ΣFICI=0.37) against S. aureus. Similarly, Allophylus abyssinicus stem bark water extract and A. abyssinicus leaf water extract combination had an additive effect (ΣFICI=1) against P. aeruginosa.ConclusionThe leaves and stem bark extracts of S. globulifera and A. abyssinicus possess antimicrobial bioactive compounds against both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. They could therefore offer potential sources of novel antibiotics.
The Human Long Noncoding RNA Wilms Tumour 1 Antisense Locus, from an Evolutionary Perspective to Functional Insights
Authors: Meza Thuluz , Lozada-Grajales Rosa , Rasool Akthar , Sierra Claudia , Gallegos-García Verónica , Lalanne-Melgar Guiomar , Zepeda-Hernández Rosana , Esqu Adriana
Published: March 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A critical examination of diffuse double layer alterations in clay-electrolyte systems at elevated temperatures
Authors: AL-Bazali Talal
Published: March 2022

The objective of this work was to explore the impact of temperature on shale swelling and explain it in terms of diffuse double layer mechanics; Debye Hückel length alterations. This was made possible through the use of our newly developed thermo linear swelling test. Moreover, combined impact of temperature, dielectric constant of water and ionic strength (ionic concentration) of salt solutions on Debye Hückel length and resultant shale swelling and shrinkage was investigated. For dilute solutions, results showed that the product of temperature and dielectric constant of water (T*er) remained near constant for a wide range of temperature (25C – 90C). When shale interacted with 12% and 20% w/w NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, the % change in shale shrinkage as temperature incrementally increased from 25C to 90C is quite large and cannot be neglected. Results suggests that dielectric constant of water may have been reduced by both temperature and ionic strength of solution, all of which caused a greater reduction in Debye Hückel length and subsequent shale shrinkage. As for saturated NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, shale exhibited swelling behavior at moderate temperatures (up to 50C for NaCl and up to 70C for CaCl2) followed by shale shrinkage thereafter. This could be attributed to the development of repulsive forces between alike ions with diffuse double layer which may have overcome their electrostatic screening effect on charged clay surfaces. At higher temperatures, the contribution of dielectric constant of water on lowering Debye Hückel length may have soften the repulsion action produced by ions.
Sagittal Femoral Bowing Contributes to Distal Femoral Valgus Angle Deviation in Malrotated Preoperative Radiographs
Authors: Kokubu Yasuhiko , Kawahara Shinya , Hamai Satoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Momii Kenta , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: March 2022

Background
The coronal whole-leg radiograph is generally used for preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty. The distal femoral valgus angle (DFVA) is measured for distal femoral bone resection using an intramedullary guide rod. The effect of coronal and sagittal femoral shaft bowing on DFVA measurement in the presence of malrotation or knee flexion contracture has not been well reported. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the effects of whole-leg malrotation and knee flexion contracture on the DFVA in detail, (2) to determine the additional effect of coronal or sagittal femoral shaft bowing.
Methods
We studied 100 consecutive varus and 100 valgus knees that underwent total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Preoperative CT scans were used to create digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) images in neutral rotation (NR, parallel to the surgical epicondylar axis), and at 5° and 10° external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR). The images were also reconstructed at 10° femoral flexion. The DFVA was evaluated in each DRR image, and the angular variation due to lower limb malposition was investigated.
Results
The DFVA increased as the DRR image shifted from IR to ER, and all angles increased further from extension to 10° flexion. The DFVA variation in each position was 1.3° on average. A larger variation than 2° was seen in 12% of all. Multivariate regression analysis showed that sagittal femoral shaft bowing was independently associated with a large variation of DFVA. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that more than 12° of sagittal bowing caused the variation.
Conclusion
If femoral sagittal bowing is more than 12°, close attention should be paid to the lower limb position when taking whole-leg radiographs. Preoperative planning with whole-leg CT data should be considered.
Computational Study of Novel Natural Inhibitors Targeting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) G12C
Authors: Ge Junliang , Yuan Meng , Lin Jialin , Ren Junan , Dou Gaojing , Yang Laiyu , Zhou Yang , Xie Haoqun , Wang Xinhui , Zhong Sheng
Published: March 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive and rapidly fatal type of malignant lung tumor. Molecular docking and virtual screening were effectively and systematically used to identify specific targets in malignant tumors and screen potential drugs. Here, we screen perfect leading compounds from a medicate library (ZINC15 database) and analyze their properties (conveyance, absorption, metabolism, and excretion and harmless forecasts) with potential inhibition of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog G12C. Further results demonstrated that ZINC000013817014 and ZINC000004098458 were screened out from the ZINC15 database and were identified to have a much better binding affinity and more favorable interaction vitality binding with KRAS G12C and less rat carcinogenicity, Ames mutagenicity, way better dissolvability in water and non-inhibition with cytochrome P-450 2D6. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that the binding capacity of these two compounds and KRAS G12C, ZINC000013817014-KRAS G12C and ZINC000004098458-KRAS G12C is stable in the natural environment. Our findings reveal that ZINC000013817014 and ZINC000004098458 were perfect leading compounds to be inhibitions binding with KRAS G12C, which were selected as safe drug candidates and a cornerstone for KRAS G12C related medicine plan and improvement. It establishes a solid framework for systematic anticancer medication research and development.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 attenuates foodborne Bacillus cereus-induced the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells by protecting intercellular tight junctions
Authors: Shan Qiang , Liu Ning , Wang Xue , Zhu Yaohong , Wang Jiufeng
Published: March 2022

Background: Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is one of the important pathogens of human food poisoning that causes diarrhea and vomiting. B. cereus can induce mastitis with strong survival ability, which cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization conditions. Therefore, B. cereus has the opportunity to enter the market through pasteurized milk and dairy products, causing great hidden dangers to food safety and human health. Results: In this study, B. cereus 2101 (BC) was isolated from dairy cow milk samples with mastitis. BC secreted HBL, NHE, InhA, Hemolysin A, Hemolysin III, CytK, EntFM, and tolerated to AMP, AMC, AZI, CZ, CIP, STR, and TE. BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis, which caused great difficulties in the prevention of mastitis and food security. MAC-T cells were treated with BC and / or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1), and the results showed that pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junction and the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin destroyed by BC. Besides, we also found out that pretreatment with LGR-1 reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase1 p20, GSDMD p30, inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-18) and cell death induced by BC. These indicators are related to the NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Moreover, pretreatment with LGR-1 reduced the NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin induced by LPS + ATP stimulation. MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 siRNA for 5 h or MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) for 0.5 h and / or treated with BC and / or LGR-1 for 3 h. NLRP3-siRNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome activity induced by BC. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1. Conclusions: These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic for the alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows to ensure food security.
The Influence of Regions of Interest on Tractography Virtual Dissection Protocols: General Principles to Learn and to Follow
Authors: Rheault Francois , Schilling Kurt G. , Obaid Sami , Begnoche John , Cutting Laurie E. , Descoteaux Maxime , Landman Bennett A. , Petit Laurent
Published: March 2022

Efficient communication across fields of research is challenging, especially when they are at opposite ends of the physical and digital spectrum. Neuroanatomy and neuroimaging may seem close to each other, but the terminology and processes to study the brain can be very different. More specifically, investigations of white matter anatomy are susceptible to this challenge. This gap creates disagreement on ways to define the same underlying anatomy. Even when trying to isolate the same structure, according to a specific anatomical definition, it is a non-trivial task to convert the neuroanatomical knowledge to instructions and rules to be executed in neuroimaging software. In the process called “virtual dissection” used to isolate coherent white matter structure in tractography, each white matter pathway has its own set of landmarks (regions of interest) used as inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ability to reproducibly segment and study these pathways is critical for scientific progress, yet, variability may depend on region placement, and the investigator placing the region (i.e a rater).When rater variability is taken into account, the impact made by each region of interest becomes even more difficult to interpret. A delicate balance between anatomical validity, impact on the virtual dissection and raters reproducibility emerge. In this work, we investigate this balance by leveraging manual delineation data of a group of raters from a previous study to quantify which set of landmarks and criteria contribute most to variability in virtual dissection. To supplement our analysis, the variability of each pathway with a region-by-region exploration was performed. We present a detailed exploration and description of each region, the causes of variability, its impacts and potential solutions for future protocols. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the lessons learned from our previous virtual dissection projects and propose recommendations for future virtual dissection protocols as well as perspectives to reach better community agreement when it comes to anatomical definitions of white matter pathways.
Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Iflavirus From a Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula
Authors: Wang Yi-Zhe , Ye Zhuang-Xin , Chen Jian-Ping , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Li Jun-Min , Huang Hai-Jian
Published: March 2022

The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an invasive pest that causes serious economic losses to fruit and wood. Here, we identified a novel iflavirus from the spotted lanternfly, temporarily named Lycorma delicatula iflavirus 1 (LDIV1). The full genome sequence of LDIV1 was 10,222 nt in length, which encoded a polyprotein that contained a picornavirus capsid-protein-domain-like domain, a cricket paralysis virus capsid superfamily domain, a RNA helicase domain, a peptidase C3 superfamily domain, and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. LDIV1 efficiently replicated in host insect and activated the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based host antiviral immunity. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that LDIV1 was the closest to Picornavirales sp, with 61.7% sequence identity in the RdRp region, and 57.6% sequence identity in the coat protein region, which met the demarcation criteria of new species in the genus Iflavirus. To the best of our knowledge, LDIV1 is the first virus discovered in L. delicatula.
A New Event-triggered Control Strategy for Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Sun Zhen , Zhang Fuchen , Lin Da
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the consensus tracking control of multi-agent systems with noise and external disturbances. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a robust adaptive controller is proposed to compensate the uncertainty of system parameters and external disturbances. The main contribution of this paper is to ensure consensus in multi-agent systems with noise and external disturbances. Numerical simulations show the validity of the theoretical results.
Global COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rate: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Demu Yohannes Mulugete
Published: March 2022

Background: A vaccine against COVID-19 is a vital tool in managing the current pandemic. It is becoming evident that an effective vaccine would be required to control COVID-19. Effective use of vaccines is important in reducing the pandemic and paving the way for an acceptable exit strategy. Therefore, the current review aimed to determine the global acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine that is necessary for better management of the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: This review was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols and considered the studies conducted on the acceptance and / or hesitancy rate of the COVID-19 vaccine around the world, and written in English language. Articles were searched using electronic databases including PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus /Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholars. The quality of the study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment tool for prevalence studies to determine the relevance of each included article to the study.Results: The global pooled acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine was found to be 61.1% [95% CI: 53.8, 67.9% with a p-value <0.001]. Based on the subgroup analysis of the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine by publication year, the pooled acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine reported by the studies published in 2020 and 2021 was 74.2 % [95% CI: 66.5, 80.7%] and 47.9% [95% CI: 37.8, 58.2%], respectively, resulting in an overall acceptance rate of 63.7% [95% CI: 56.8, 69.5%]. Based on the survey period, the study found the pooled acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine from March to May 2020 [80.0% (95% CI: 68.8, 87.9%)], June to August 2020 [58.6% (95% CI: 38.0, 76.6%)] and September to December 2020 [46.3% (95% CI: 37.4, 55.8%)].Conclusions This review found the decreasing level of the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine. This finding indicated that even if the COVID-19 vaccine is developed, the issue of accepting or taking the developed vaccine and managing the pandemic may be difficult.
Treatment of Bronchial Anastomotic Fistula using Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma Post Lung Transplantation - A Case Report
Authors: Siddique Aisha , Sabbah Belal Nedal , Arabi Tarek Ziad , Shakir Ismail Mohammed , Abdulqawi Rayid , AlKattan Khaled , Ahmed Mohamed Hussein
Published: March 2022

Background: Bronchial anastomotic dehiscence is considered one of the most catastrophic early airway complications post-transplant. The presence of a partial dehiscence can also cause further complications such as a fistula between the bronchus and the pleural membrane. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to significantly enhance the healing process and is being used in the treatment of various conditions, however, so far, there are no reports of the use of PRP in the treatment of bronchial anastomotic dehiscence fistula.Case Presentation: We present a 37-year-old male, with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis underwent bilateral lung transplantation. The patient developed partial dehiscence of the right bronchial anastomosis that was complicated by a small bronchopleural fistula. Two bronchoscopic applications of autologous platelet-rich plasma were carried out. Follow-up a few weeks later showed complete closure and healing of the fistula.Conclusions: This case report suggests that the treatment of post-lung transplant small bronchial anastomotic partial dehiscence fistula with PRP is safe and effective.
Multi-objective Optimization Model of Forest Spatial Structure Based on Dynamic Multi-Group PSO Algorithm
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Li Jianjun , Huang Jing , Qing Dongsheng , Ai Wei , Chi Peng , Li Keqin
Published: March 2022

The multi-objective optimization problem, as one of the most popular hotspots in the current research, is facing both a big opportunity and a great challenge. Multi-group particle swarm optimization is often used to solve multi-objective optimization problems, however, the multi-group particle swarm optimization algorithm is more commonly used in solving static multi-objective optimization problems and less frequently used in solving dynamic multi-objective optimization problems. In solving dynamic multi-objective optimization problems, the algorithm lacks the corresponding environment detection mechanism. In this work, Dynamic Multi-Group Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is proposed and verified to solve multi-objective optimization problems of forest spatial structure. The proposed algorithm introduces a new mechanism for environmental detection, which can sense the changes of the situated environment and make the multi-objective optimization results more suitable for the dynamic actual situation. The results show that the average generation distance (\(\stackrel{-}{GD}\)) of the proposed algorithm is less than 0.0753, and the average metric of maximum spread (\(\stackrel{-}{MS}\)) is greater than 0.9852. The spatial structure of the target forest has been optimized three times. The mingling intensity, volume, neighborhood comparison, and open ratio are increased by 40.6%, 2.5%, 18.9%, and 11.8%, respectively; while the competition index and angle index are decreased by 37.9% and 13.1%, respectively. Obviously, the various indicators of the forest improved by our scheme are better than those before optimization.
Subduction Age and Stress State Control on Seismicity in the NW Pacific Subducting Plate
Authors: Pino Nicola Alessandro , Convertito Vincenzo , Godano Cataldo , Piromallo Claudia
Published: March 2022

Intermediate depth (70–300 km) and deep (> 300 km) earthquakes have always been puzzling Earth scientists: their occurrence is a paradox, since the ductile behavior of rocks and the high confining pressure with increasing depths would theoretically preclude brittle failure and frictional sliding. The mechanisms proposed to explain deep earthquakes, mainly depending on the subducting plate age and stress state, are generally expressed by single parameters, unsuitable to comprehensively account for variations differences among distinct subduction zones or within the same slab. We analyze the Kurile and Izu-Bonin intraslab seismicity and detail the stress state along the subducted planes using the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. We demonstrate that, despite the slabs different properties (e.g., lithospheric age, stress state, dehydration rate), in both cases the deep earthquakes are restricted to depths characterized by equal age from subduction initiation and are driven by stress regimes affected by the persistence of the metastable olivine wedge.
Electromagnetic Wave Focusing with 2-D Gridded Parabolic Reflector Made of Parallel Circular PEC Wires at Oblique Incidence
Authors: Velichko Elena
Published: March 2022

We consider the two-dimensional (2-D) scattering of the TE- and TM-polarized plane electromagnetic waves from a discrete grid-like parabolic reflector consisting of parallel circular perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) wires at oblique incidence. Our analysis is performed in the exact formulation, fully taking into account the wave interactions between the wires. We use the method of separation of variables in the local cylindrical coordinate systems in combination with Graf’s addition formulas for cylindrical functions. The near field in the vicinity of the reflector is calculated at different angles of incidence. The dependences of the field amplitude at the maximum in the focal area and the position of this maximum on the angle of incidence are plotted. The far field scattered patterns, total scattering cross-sections and backward scattering cross-sections are calculated and discussed.
Facilitators for Retaining Men Who Have Sex With Men in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care in Real World Settings
Authors: Rogers Brooke G. , Sosnowy Collette , Zanowick-Marr Alexandra , Chan Phillip A. , Mena Leandro , Patel Rupa R. , Goedel William , Arnold Trisha , Chu Christina , Galipeau Drew , Montgomery Madeline , Curoe Kate , Underwood Ashley , Villalobos Jesus , Gomilia Courtney , Nunn Amy S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can significantly reduce HIV acquisition especially among communities with high HIV prevalence, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Much research has been finding suboptimal PrEP persistence; however, few studies examine factors that enhance PrEP persistence in real-world settings. Methods: We interviewed 33 patients who identified as MSM at three different PrEP clinics in three regions of the U.S. (Northeast, South, Midwest). Participants were eligible if they took PrEP and had been retained in care for a minimum of 6 months. Interviews explored social, structural, clinic-level and behavioral factors that influencing PrEP persistence. Results: Through thematic analysis we identified the following factors as promoting PrEP persistence: (1) navigation to reduce out-of-pocket costs of PrEP (structural), (2) social norms that support PrEP use (social), (3) access to LGBTQ+ affirming medical providers (clinical), (4) medication as part of a daily routine (behavioral), and (5) facilitation of sexual health agency (belief).Conclusions: In this sample, persistence in PrEP care was associated with structural and social supports as well as a high level of perceived internal control over protecting their health by taking PrEP. Patients might benefit from increased access, LGBTQ+ affirming medical providers, and communications that emphasize PrEP can promote sexual health.
Stresses induced by one piece and two piece dental implants in All-on-4® implant supported prosthesis under simulated lateral occlusal loading: non linear Finite Element Analysis study
Authors: mohamed ahmed Mostafa abdelfattah , Askar Mohamed Gamal , Homossany Mahmoud El-Moutassim Bellah El
Published: March 2022

Background: Correct choice of the implant design and the occlusal scheme is important for the success of implant supported restorations. So, the aim of the current study was to find out the difference in the stresses induced by the one piece dental implants designed to be used in the All-on-4® concept and the conventional two piece ones under simulated lateral occlusal schemes using nonlinear Finite Element Analysis.Methods: Two Finite Element models of the maxilla, implants, and prostheses were designed according to the All-on-4® concept. In the model TP, two piece dental implants were placed while in the model OP one piece dental implants were used. Two loading scenarios were applied to each model; the first one simulated a group function occlusal scheme while the second scenario simulated a canine guided one. Results: The highest stress value was recorded in the model TP with the group function occlusion and the lowest stress value was in the model OP with the canine guidance occlusion.Conclusion: The one-piece dental implants can be concluded to induce less stress compared to the two piece dental implants when used in the All-on-4® implant supported prosthesis in the different lateral occlusal schemes. Canine guided occlusion can be concluded to cause lower stress values in comparison to the group function occlusal scheme..
Research on Gender-related Fingerprint Features, Extracting Fingerprint Features Using Autoencoder Networks for Gender Classification
Authors: Qi Yong , Qiu Menzhe , Lin Huawei , Chen Jiashu , Li Yanping , Lei Hongguang
Published: March 2022

Background: Fingerprint is an important biological feature of human body, which contains abundant biometric information.At present, the academic exploration of fingerprint gender characteristics is generally at the level of understanding, and the standardization research is quite limited. Methods: A robust approach is presented in this article, Dense Dilated Convolution ResNet Autoencoder, to extract valid gender information from fingerprints. By replacing the normal convolution operations with the atrous convolution in the backbone, prior knowledge is provided to keep the edge details and the global reception field can be extended. Results: The results were explored from three aspects: 1) The efficiency of the DDC-ResNet. 6 typical automatic feature extraction methods with 9 mainstream classifiers for a total of 54 combinations are evaluated on our dataset and provide unbiased experimental details. Experimental results demonstrate that the combination of our approach outperforms other combinations in terms of average accuracy and separate-gender accuracy. It reaches 96.5% for average and 0.9752(males)/0.9548(females) for separate-gender accuracy. 2) The effect of fingers. It is found that the best performance of classifying gender with separate fingers is achieved by the right ring finger. 3) The effect of specific features. Based on the observations of the concentrations of fingerprints visualized by our approach, it can be inferred that loops and whorls (level 1), bifurcations(level 2), as well as line shapes (level 3) are connected with gender. Finally, we will open source the dataset that contains 6000 fingerprint images. Conclusions: The results are demonstrated that autoencoder networks are a powerful method for extracting gender-specific features to help hide the privacy information of the user’s gender contained in the fingerprint. Our experiments also identified three levels of features in fingerprints that are important for gender differentiation, including loops and whorls shape, bifurcations shape, and line shapes.
Identification of a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: Song Shuailing , Li Xiao , Geng Chong , Guo Yaoyu , Wang Chunhui
Published: March 2022

Background
Cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs), including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), are common digestive diseases that may lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver failure. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as the first-line drug therapy for PBC, achieves poor results among nearly half of patients. Furthermore, there are few effective ways to cure diseases other than liver transplantation at present. Therefore, it is essential to further explore the disease mechanism in order to find new therapeutic targets.
Methods
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE159676) was used to screen differentially expressed hepatic miRNAs between PBC vs. control and PSC vs. control samples, and their interaction was considered as common miRNAs driving CLDs. A miRNA-mRNA network was then constructed based on predicted miRNA-targeted mRNAs. Then enrichment analysis was performed and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. In addition, these DEGs were also validated in models of cholestatic liver injury induced by α -isothiocyanate (ANIT) and bile duct ligation (BDL). Furthermore, the role of hub genes in cholestasis progression, UDCA response, and disease diagnosis were analyzed in GSE166867, GSE79850 and GSE119600, respectively.
Results
A total of 6 miRNAs and 437 mRNAs were identified as potential mediators in the pathophysiological processes of CLDs. Among them, 8 hub genes were identified (PTPRC, TYROBP, LCP2, RAC2, SYK, TLR2, CD53, and LAPTM5). The functional analysis confirmed that the molecular mechanism was strongly associated with Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. Combining bioinformatics analysis with animal experimental results, miR-30e and miR-107 were the most significant DE-miRNAs. Additionally, activation of the 8 hub genes was observed in both ANIT-induced cholestasis model and time-course BDL model. Besides, an elevated hepatic SYK level was found in patients with UDCA inefficiency, and SYK in the blood may be an underlying diagnostic indicator for CLDs.
Conclusions
The present study constructed a miRNA-mRNA network of cholestatic liver diseases, and uncovered that the miR-30e, miR-107 and 8 hub genes could be involved in the pathogenesis of CLDs, providing potential therapeutic targets in CLDs.
Comparison of Body Image Perception of Young Women in the United States and Korea: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Two Countries
Authors: Kim Yoon-Sook , Kim Jin Kook , Cho Jae Hoon
Published: March 2022

Background
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in body image perception between young women in the United States and Korea.
Methods
This was a longitudinal study conducted using data from young women aged between 20 and 40 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) of the US and Korea. "Overweight" body image perception with normal body weight was considered underestimation. Overweight or obesity with a "normal weight" or "underweight" body image perception is considered as overestimating.
Results
The percentage of young women who were overweight or obese was about 60% in the US and about 20% in Korea. Twenty years ago, the percentage of young women who overestimated their weight in the US was 30.3%, before steadily declining. In Korea, it was 25.8% before rising to more than 41.9% in 2008. Of the overweight women, 32.6% in the US and 15.7% in Korea underestimated their weight 20 years ago, but since then, the percentage has gradually increased in the US and declined in Korea.
Conclusions
Body image perception differed according to marital status and race. Young women in the US tend to underestimate their weight while in Korea they tend to overestimate it.