bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lack of Nutritional Competency among the Medical Practitioners and Medical Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: James Michelle K.
Published: January 2023

Objective: This systematic review addressed the effects of the competency level of medical students, physicians, and practitioners in nutrition education for optimum patient care. It also addresses the perceived inadequate didactic contact hours of nutrition education.

Method: There were 55 studies selected, and 25 were used for this review including quantitative and qualitative studies. The data were divided into four groups: quantitative data, qualitative data, reports, and news articles.  The categorization of the literature was as follows: 17 quantitative, 2 qualitative, 4 news articles, 1 manual, and 1 symposium report. These were evaluated to produce a credible qualitative meta-analysis of available data.

Data Sources: The systematic review used databases and citation indexes including

Embosses, PubMed, JAMA Network, Medline, Elsevier, and Oxford Academics, these include journals, reports of Symposiums, and news articles to ascertain evidence-based data

Results: The findings of this review revealed the significant effect inadequate contact nutrition education has on the competency level of medical students, physicians, and practitioners.

Limitations: Limitations of this review include several external factors. Although universities are expected to implement approximately 44 hours of nutrition education for the competency level of medical students and physicians during their tenure, this may not be the case at all schools.  Many offer only 15-25 didactics hours. In addition, in some cases, the comparisons are not equal but the researcher was unable to establish the hours and a basic curriculum structure.
Economic Analysis of Inland Fish Production in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Raj Boniga Mohan Uday , Teggi M. Y. , Mukartal S. Y.
Published: January 2023

Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about 14 million people in different activities. The present study was aimed to analyze economic and financial feasibility of inland fish production in Vijayapur and Bagalkote districts of northern dry zone of Karnataka. Primary data required for the study was collected from 60 sample farmers, 30 from each district in the study area for the year 2018-19. Financial feasibility tools (Pay Back Period, Net Present Values, Internal Rate of Returns and Benefit-Cost Ratio) were used to fulfill the specific objective. The total capital investment in inland fish farming of per pond was Rs.73309. The total cost involved for fish production was highest in Vijayapur district Rs.46782.28/pond/year compared to Bagalkote district Rs.38794.6/pond/year. The inland fish farming was financially feasible in both the districts as evidenced by Pay Back Period which is less than two years, net present value Rs.264047.50 in Vijayapur and Rs.246991.9 in Bagalkote districts, B:C ratio (1.84) in Vijayapur district, (1.92) in Bagalkote district and internal rate of returns higher than the opportunity cost of capital with 43 per cent and 45 per cent in Vijayapur and Bagalkote districts respectively.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity using D2 Statistics among the Medium Maturity Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] Genotypes
Authors: Shukla Shanu , Dwivedi Richa , Awasthi Divyaditya , Dixit Shubhank , Mehandi Suhel , Prasad Mishra Sudhakar
Published: January 2023

The experimentation was carried out for twenty-one diverse genotypes of pigeon pea for eight quantitatively inherited traits. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters following P.C. Mahalanobis D2 statistical techniques. The cluster I consisted highest (16) genotypes and remaining five-clusters are solitary clusters. The maximum intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster I. The greater inter-cluster distance was recorded for cluster II and VI while the lower values were found for the cluster II and III. The maximum contribution towards the genetic diversity were found for seed yield followed by the 100-seed weight, secondary branches/plant and days to maturity. Hence, the genotypes ICPL-15072, WRG-327, AAUVT-13-20, PT-0904-1-1-2 and BAUPP-16-01 were found most genetically distant and superiority in yield and its attributing traits which may be used in hybridization programme to generate genetically divergent progenies to develop high yielding medium maturity Pigeon pea genotype.
Association of State Insurance Mandates for Fertility Treatment With Multiple Embryo Transfer After Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
Authors: Bedrick Bronwyn S. , Nickel Katelin B. , Riley Joan K. , Jain Tarun , Jungheim Emily S.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Multiple gestation is one of the biggest risks after in vitro fertilization (IVF), largely due to multiple embryo transfer (MET). Single embryo transfer (SET) uptake has increased over time and has been attributed to various factors, such as mandated insurance coverage for IVF and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Objective

To investigate whether mandates for IVF insurance coverage are associated with decreased use of MET after PGT-A.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted using data on embryo transfers reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology between 2014 and 2016. Data were analyzed from January to October 2021.

Exposures

State-mandated coverage for fertility treatment and type of cycle transfer performed (PGT-A, untested fresh, and untested frozen).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Use of MET compared with SET, live birth, and live birth of multiples.

Results

There were 110 843 embryo transfers (mean [SD] patient age, 34.0 [4.5] years; 5520 individuals identified as African American [5.0%], 10 035 as Asian [9.0%], 5425 as Hispanic [4.9%], 45 561 as White [41.1%], and 44 302 as other or unknown race or ethnicity [40.0%]); 17 650 transfers used embryos that underwent PGT-A. Overall, among transferred embryos that had PGT-A, there were 9712 live births (55.0%). The odds of live birth were 70% higher with MET vs SET after frozen embryo transfer with PGT-A (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61-1.78), but the risk of multiples was 5 times higher (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 5.22-5.44). The odds of MET in cycles with PGT-A in states with insurance mandates were 24% lower than in states without mandates (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that despite the promise of using SET with PGT-A, MET after PGT-A was not uncommon. This practice was more common in states without insurance mandates and was associated with a high risk of multiples.
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm to Differentiate Colon Carcinoma From Acute Diverticulitis in Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Reischl Stefan , Havrda Hannah , Gawlitza Joshua , Graf Markus , Lenhart Nicolas , Nehls Nadja , Lemke Tristan , Wilhelm Dirk , Lohöfer Fabian , Burian Egon , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Makowski Marcus , Braren Rickmer
Published: January 2023

Importance

Differentiating between malignant and benign etiology in large-bowel wall thickening on computed tomography (CT) images can be a challenging task. Artificial intelligence (AI) support systems can improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists, as shown for a variety of imaging tasks. Improvements in diagnostic performance, in particular the reduction of false-negative findings, may be useful in patient care.

Objective

To develop and evaluate a deep learning algorithm able to differentiate colon carcinoma (CC) and acute diverticulitis (AD) on CT images and analyze the impact of the AI-support system in a reader study.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this diagnostic study, patients who underwent surgery between July 1, 2005, and October 1, 2020, for CC or AD were included. Three-dimensional (3-D) bounding boxes including the diseased bowel segment and surrounding mesentery were manually delineated and used to develop a 3-D convolutional neural network (CNN). A reader study with 10 observers of different experience levels was conducted. Readers were asked to classify the testing cohort under reading room conditions, first without and then with algorithmic support.

Main Outcomes and Measures

To evaluate the diagnostic performance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for all readers and reader groups with and without AI support. Metrics were compared using the McNemar test and relative and absolute predictive value comparisons.

Results

A total of 585 patients (AD: n = 267, CC: n = 318; mean [SD] age, 63.2 [13.4] years; 341 men [58.3%]) were included. The 3-D CNN reached a sensitivity of 83.3% (95% CI, 70.0%-96.6%) and specificity of 86.6% (95% CI, 74.5%-98.8%) for the test set, compared with the mean reader sensitivity of 77.6% (95% CI, 72.9%-82.3%) and specificity of 81.6% (95% CI, 77.2%-86.1%). The combined group of readers improved significantly with AI support from a sensitivity of 77.6% to 85.6% (95% CI, 81.3%-89.3%; P < .001) and a specificity of 81.6% to 91.3% (95% CI, 88.1%-94.5%; P < .001). Artificial intelligence support significantly reduced the number of false-negative and false-positive findings (NPV from 78.5% to 86.4% and PPV from 80.9% to 90.8%; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that a deep learning model able to distinguish CC and AD in CT images as a support system may significantly improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists, which may improve patient care.
All's well that ends well? Outcome bias in pilots during instrument flight rules
Authors: Martins Ana P. G. , Köbrich Moritz V. , Carstengerdes Nils , Biella Marcus
Published: January 2023

The objective of the present study was to examine if the Outcome Bias also occurs in pilots flying under instrument flight rules (IFR). In a scenario‐based survey, 60 pilots evaluated weather‐related decisions made by hypothetical pilots. Participants rated the decisions as better, less risky, and regarded the probability that they would have made the same decision as higher when they were followed by a positive outcome, than when they were followed by a negative outcome. This effect showed likewise for novice pilots and for experienced pilots. These findings could be relevant for the flight‐related decision‐making of pilots, which sometimes is affected by the decisions made by third‐party pilots. In particular, decisions made by other pilots that have led to positive outcomes might be hastily followed, whereas those that have led to negative outcomes might be hastily rejected.
Influencing prior knowledge through a short reading impacts curiosity and learning
Authors: Reichardt Richárd , Polner Bertalan , Simor Péter
Published: January 2023

Curiosity predicts memory performance and it is influenced by prior knowledge. Reading a well‐organized text can increase curiosity in a classroom setting, however it is not clear if reading a short text written in an encyclopedic style can increase curiosity and learning without explicit educational goals. We presented participants with a short text and examined if questions related to this reading could elicit higher curiosity ratings and better recall in a thematized version of the trivia task. In the first experiment, participants subjectively judged their prior knowledge of trivia questions. The curiosity of the participants was not influenced by the reading, but the memory effect of curiosity was amplified for the questions related to it. In the second experiment, we objectively verified whether the participants knew the answers. The curiosity ratings were higher for the questions related to the reading, but only the curiosity ratings influenced recall performance. These results show that prior knowledge induced by reading can have an effect on curiosity and learning, but it depends on how this knowledge is assessed by the learner.
Sex and Racial Differences in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among US Adults in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Rice Christopher , Ayyala Deepak Nag , Shi Hong , Madera‐Acosta Adria , Bell Stephen , Qureshi Anam , Carbone Laura D. , Coughlin Steven S. , Elam Rachel E.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are an understudied population. The present study characterized differences between men and women with SLE.

Methods

We examined cross‐sectionally participants with SLE in the All of Us Research Program, a US cohort with a participant survey at enrollment (May 2018 to June 2022) and linked electronic health record (EHR) data. We described and compared characteristics of men and women with SLE encompassing disease manifestations and prescribed medications from EHR data and socioeconomic factors, including health literacy and health care access and utilization, from surveys. We reported racial variations stratified by sex.

Results

Of 1,462 participants with SLE, 126 (9%) were male. Men reported lower educational attainment and less fatigue than women. Myocardial infarction was significantly more common in men. Men had significantly less confidence in completing medical forms than women and exhibited a trend toward requiring more help in reading health‐related materials. Barriers to health care access and utilization were common in both men and women (40% versus 47%, respectively, reporting some reason for delay in care; P = 0.35). Women of race other than Black or African American or White more often reported delaying care due to cultural differences between patient and provider.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated major clinical and health literacy differences in men and women with SLE. Socioeconomic factors were significant barriers to health care in both sexes. Our study suggests men have disproportionately poorer health literacy, which may exacerbate preexisting disparities. Further large prospective studies, focusing on recruiting men, are needed to better characterize racial differences in men with SLE.
Significant Unconventional Anomalous Hall Effect in Heavy Metal/Antiferromagnetic Insulator Heterostructures
Authors: Liang Yuhan , Wu Liang , Dai Minyi , Zhang Yujun , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Jie , Zhang Nian , Xu Wei , Le Zhao  , Chen Hetian , Ma Ji , Wu Jialu , Cao Yanwei , Yi Di , Ma Jing , Jiang Wanjun , Hu Jia‐Mian , Nan Ce‐Wen , Lin Yuan‐Hua
Published: January 2023

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a quantum coherent transport phenomenon that conventionally vanishes at elevated temperatures because of thermal dephasing. Therefore, it is puzzling that the AHE can survive in heavy metal (HM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator (AFMI) heterostructures at high temperatures yet disappears at low temperatures. In this paper, an unconventional high‐temperature AHE in HM/AFMI is observed only around the Néel temperature of AFM, with large anomalous Hall resistivity up to 40 nΩ cm is reported. This mechanism is attributed to the emergence of a noncollinear AFM spin texture with a non‐zero net topological charge. Atomistic spin dynamics simulation shows that such a unique spin texture can be stabilized by the subtle interplay among the collinear AFM exchange coupling, interfacial Dyzaloshinski–Moriya interaction, thermal fluctuation, and bias magnetic field.
Notes on the distribution, ecology and open sea mariculture trials of the Philippine blue sponge, Xestospongia sp. (Porifera)
Authors: Lalas Jue Alef A. , Manzano Geminne G. , Desabelle Lee Arraby B. , Salvador‐Reyes Lilibeth A. , Aliño Porfirio M. , Baria‐Rodriguez Maria Vanessa
Published: January 2023

The Philippine blue sponge, Xestospongia sp., is a potential source of natural products for pharmaceutical use. However, knowledge on different aspects of its biology and ecology is still lacking, and improvement on biomass production through mariculture is still needed. In this study, we conducted ecological surveys and open sea mariculture trials of the Philippine blue sponge. The ecological surveys conducted were abundance and size–frequency surveys, as well as monitoring of wild blue sponge colonies. Mariculture trials were done by monitoring explant health and survival using different farming methods and consistent observation of various factors (i.e., predation, biofouling, maintenance effort, presence of disease). We also compared growth rates of explants and wild colonies. Colonies were highly abundant, and all size classes were wellrepresented in stations characterised by previous studies to have low water movement and high nutrient levels. These pieces of information were critical in selecting the sites for establishing mariculture setups. We additionally demonstrated the survival and growth of explants using artificial substrates made of polyvinyl chloride pipes. Several factors affecting sponge survival and health included predation, biofouling, habitat, and maintenance effort. We observed a higher growth rate of sponge explants compared with wild colonies. This study provides novel information on the ecology of the Philippine blue sponge and highlights the process of establishing an open sea mariculture setup for biomass production, which can potentially lead to increased production of biomedically important chemicals.
Soybean response to potassium, magnesium, and sulfur fertilization on Southeastern Coastal Plain soils
Authors: Erhunmwunse Adesuwa S. , Farmaha Bhupinder S.
Published: January 2023

Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are susceptible to leaching in Southeastern Coastal Plain soils and can limit crop production if not properly managed. This study aimed to determine the effect of K, Mg, and S fertilization on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, tissue nutrient concentrations, and soil K, Mg, and S concentrations. Treatments included three K, two Mg, and two S fertilizer rates arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There was no significant main or interaction effect of K, Mg, and S on soybean yield, even when the initial soil‐test S level was below critical levels. Leaf K concentrations of control plots measured at the R2 growth stage were in the sufficiency range reported for soybean in southeastern states. However, leaf Mg and S concentrations were below the sufficiency ranges. Applying S fertilizer increased leaf Mg and S concentrations, but Mg fertilizer did not affect leaf Mg concentrations. Applying K fertilizer rates increased soil‐test K across three soil depths compared to the control K treatment. The application of Mg fertilizer increased soil‐test Mg more at 0–15 cm than at the other two depths (15–30 or 30–45 cm), whereas S fertilizer application increased soil‐test S more at 15–30 cm. The soil samples taken before experiment initiation showed that the lower two soil depths had greater soil‐test K and S concentrations than at the top layer. These findings indicate that more research is needed to appropriately credit subsoil nutrients while making fertilizer recommendations for soybean grown on Southeastern Coastal Plain soils.
Field evaluation of phosphorus limitation in drinking water biofilters
Authors: Rasmus Madison , Keithley Asher E. , Chambers Bryant A. , Zhou Grace , Pope Greg , Dickenson Eric R. V. , Bzdyra Bradley , Lu Alisa , Kinney Kerry A. , Kirisits Mary Jo
Published: January 2023

Hydraulic performance issues in drinking‐water biofilters have sometimes been associated with phosphorus limitation and increased production of extracellular polymeric substances in previous bench‐scale studies. However, field studies utilizing phosphorus supplementation to improve biofilter hydraulic performance have produced mixed results. Here, we determined the ratio of activities for phosphatase to glycosidase (PHO:GLY), which are enzymes involved in acquiring orthophosphate and biodegradable organic carbon from complex organic substrates, to assess phosphorus limitation in 21 pilot‐ and full‐scale biofilters. Supplementation of the pilot‐scale biofilter influents with 37 μg/L orthophosphate‐P reduced the PHO:GLY from 1.8–40.3 (mean 14.8) to 0.3–15.9 (mean 5.3), demonstrating that increased orthophosphate availability decreases PHO:GLY. In the absence of phosphorus supplementation, the PHO:GLY of the pilot‐ and full‐scale biofilters ranged from 0.3 to 40.3 (mean 10.1), and no hydraulic performance issues were noted. Thus, severe phosphorus limitation appears uncommon in the field, suggesting that phosphorus supplementation is unlikely to improve hydraulic performance in typical drinking water biofilters.
Improving Electrochemical Activity of P2‐type Na2/3Mn2/3Ni1/3O2 by Controlling its Crystallinity
Authors: Kataoka Riki , Taguchi Noboru , Tada Kohei , Machida Akihiko , Takeichi Nobuhiko
Published: January 2023

Invited for this month's cover picture is the work of Dr. Kataoka, Dr. Taguchi, Dr. Tada and Dr. Takeichi at AIST and Dr. Machida at QST. The cover picture shows that the charge‐discharge cycle characteristics have been improved by reducing the particles size of the layered compound Na2/3Mn2/3Ni1/3O2 to the several nm level. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200462.
Teaching “Biochemistry with Elements of Chemistry” in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dudzik Paulina , Bentke‐Imiolek Anna , Kocemba‐Pilarczyk Kinga A. , Ostrowska Barbara
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the presented article is to evaluate the students' perception of the online teaching educational model as a part of the “Biochemistry with Elements of Chemistry” course conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The first part of the article reflects upon the pandemic impact on the transition from the in‐person (standard format) to a complete remote learning format. The next part is based on the responses of the students to a questionnaire and presents an analysis of the students' preferences and perceptions regarding synchronous and asynchronous teaching methods. Students answered questions about the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning programs. They indicated the most suitable learning mode in terms of gaining knowledge and enhancing their motivation to learn. They listed factors that facilitated remote learning as well as those which made it difficult and posed a challenge to adjust to the new system, in all types of classes, that is, lectures, seminars, and laboratories. The last part of this paper presents the results of the students' performance in the pandemic‐enforced system and compares them with the results from the previous class of students from the past year, when teaching was conducted mainly in the standard format. The conclusions from the given analysis may enable beneficial changes for the “Biochemistry with Elements of Chemistry” course for remote teaching in the future. It may also provide valuable insights for such types of courses conducted at other Universities and promote deliberations to continuously improve learning outcomes.
Comparison between a handheld ultrasound device and a traditional ultrasound for performing transcranial sonography in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Paes Maria A. S. , Nicaretta Denise H. , Alvarenga Regina M. P. , Rosso Ana L. Z. , Brisson Rodrigo T. , Fernandes Rita C.L.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to compare a portable ultrasound (US) device and a traditional US for performing transcranial ultrasonography (CCT) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional, observational, and analytical study. The study recruited a total of 129 individuals from two public hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro in a prospective and non‐randomized manner between September 2019 and July 2021 as follows: group A with 31 patients with PD, group B with 65 patients with PD, and group C with 64 healthy individuals. Group A was used to collect data to establish the agreement analysis of the TCS measurements between the two devices. Groups B and C provided data for constructing the receiver operating characteristic curve for the handheld US. The subjects underwent the assessment of the transtemporal bone window (TW) quality, the mesencephalon area, the size of the third ventricle, and the substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity area.

Results

There was a good agreement between the methods regarding the quality of the TW–Kappa concordance coefficient of 100% for the right TW and 83% for the left, the midbrain area—intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 69%, the SN area ICC = 90% for the right SN and 93% for the left and the size of the third ventricle ICC = 96%. The cutoff point for the SN echogenic area in the handheld US was 0.20 cm2.

Conclusions

The handheld US is a viable imaging method for performing TCS because it shows good agreement with the measurements performed with traditional equipment, and the measurement of SN echogenic area for PD diagnosis presents good sensitivity and specificity.
Late onset of flesh‐colored papules of the neck
Authors: Baklouti Massara , Sellami Khadija , Chaari Chiraz , Tahia Boudaouara , Turki Hamida
Published: January 2023

Papular elastorrhexis is a rare, acquired disorder of elastic tissue, occurring in adolescent females, characterized by flesh‐colored monomorphous papules usually located on the trunk and the proximal portion of the extremities. We report a case in an old woman with atypically isolated localization on the neck.
Energy Harvesting: Synthetic Use of Recovered Energy in Electrochemical Late‐Stage Functionalization
Authors: Karl Tobias A. , Seidl Max , König Burkhard
Published: January 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Burkhard König of the University of Regensburg (Germany). The cover picture illustrates an induction‐based energy harvesting (EH) device that converts part of the rotational energy of magnetic stirrers back into electrical energy, making it accessible for electrochemical transformations. Just like a satellite hovering in polar orbit, the EH device experiences a constant change in magnetic field orientation when placed on top of a stirring plate. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202201097.
Building new standards to prevent harm from medication errors in children with cancer
Authors: Helmig Sara E. , Hoffman James M.
Published: January 2023

Walsh et al. provide unique data on harm from outpatient medication errors in children with cancer. The data provide actionable insights to both identify the patients and families that may need additional support for outpatient medication administration and design new practices for outpatient medication use in this population with complex medication needs.
Preventable harm because of outpatient medication errors among children with leukemia and lymphoma: A multisite longitudinal assessment
Authors: Wong Chris I. , Vannatta Kathryn , Gilleland Marchak Jordan , Quade Emeric V. , Rodgers Isabelle M. , Reid Christine M. , Dandoy Christopher E. , Billett Amy L. , Miller Tamara P. , Vaughn Shelley , Daraiseh Nancy M. , Liu Shanshan , Carle Adam C. , Walsh Kathleen E.
Published: January 2023

Background

There is little longitudinal information about the type and frequency of harm resulting from medication errors among outpatient children with cancer. We aimed to characterize rates and types of medication errors and harm to outpatient children with leukemia and lymphoma over 7 months of treatment.

Methods

We recruited children taking medications at home for leukemia or lymphoma from three pediatric cancer centers. Errors were identified by chart review, in‐home medication review, observation of administration, and interviews. Physician reviewers confirmed error (Fleiss' κ = 0.95), harm (Fleiss' κ = 0.82), and suggested interventions. Generalized linear mixed models with random effects were used to account for clustering by site.

Results

Among 131 children taking 1669 medications with 367 home visits, 408 errors were identified, including 242 with potential for harm and 39 with harm (1.0 harm per 1000 patient‐days [95% CI, 0.1–9.8]). Ten percent of children were injured by errors and 42% had errors with potential for harm. Twenty‐six percent of caregivers reported that miscommunication led to missed doses or overdoses at home. Children on >13 medications had significantly more serious medication errors than those on fewer medications (77% vs 61%; p = .05). Physician reviewers judged that improved communication among caregivers and between caregivers and clinicians may have prevented the most harm (66%).

Conclusions

In this longitudinal study, 10% children with leukemia or lymphoma experienced adverse drug events because of outpatient medication errors. Improvements addressing communication with and among caregivers should be codeveloped with families and based on human‐factors engineering.

Plain Language Summary

In this longitudinal study, medication errors in the clinic, pharmacy, or at home among children with leukemia or lymphoma over a 7‐month period were common, and 10% suffered harm because of errors.

Children on >13 medications had significantly more serious medication errors than those on fewer medications (77% vs 61%; p = .05).

Physician reviewers judged that improved communication among caregivers and between caregivers and clinicians may have prevented the most harm (66%). Improvements addressing communication with and among caregivers should be codeveloped with families and based on human‐factors engineering.
A location‐aware physical unclonable function and Chebyshev map‐based mutual authentication mechanism for internet of surveillance drones
Authors: Nair Aiswarya S. , Thampi Sabu M.
Published: January 2023

The primary concern for securing the Internet of Drones (IoD) is authentication. Drone location is a vital information that must be verified before a secure communication link with the ground station can be established. In this paper, a location aware mutual authentication technique for secure inter‐drone and drone to ground communication using physical unclonable functions and Chebyshev chaotic maps is proposed. This is the first work that addresses the location validation of drones along with server‐less inter‐drone communication with a fail‐safe mechanism designed using a fuzzy inference system to tackle drone failures. The security of the system is analyzed using Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic, real‐or‐random oracle model and ProVerif. The processing, communication, and storage costs of the proposed scheme are determined and compared to other drone mutual authentication protocols. The proposed mechanism outperforms the existing mutual authentication protocols with superior security features and performance attributes and is well suited for surveillance drone networks.
The contribution of the alternative pathway in complement activation on cell surfaces depends on the strength of classical pathway initiation
Authors: de Boer Esther CW , Thielen Astrid JF , Langereis Jeroen D , Kamp Angela , Brouwer Mieke C , Oskam Nienke , Jongsma Marlieke L , Baral April J , Spaapen Robbert M , Zeerleder Sacha , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo , Wouters Diana , Pouw Richard B , Jongerius Ilse
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The complement system is an important component of innate immunity. The alternative pathway (AP) amplification loop is considered an essential feed forward mechanism for complement activation. However, the role of the AP in classical pathway (CP) activation has only been studied in ELISA settings. Here, we investigated its contribution on physiologically relevant surfaces of human cells and bacterial pathogens and in antibody‐mediated complement activation, including in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) setting with autoantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs).

Methods

We evaluated the contribution of the AP to complement responses initiated through the CP on human RBCs by serum of AIHA patients and recombinant antibodies. Moreover, we studied complement activation on Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. The effect of the AP was examined using either AP‐depleted sera or antibodies against factor B and factor D.

Results

We show that the amplification loop is redundant when efficient CP activation takes place. This is independent of the presence of membrane‐bound complement regulators. The role of the AP may become significant when insufficient CP complement activation occurs, but this depends on antibody levels and (sub)class. Our data indicate that therapeutic intervention in the amplification loop will most likely not be effective to treat antibody‐mediated diseases.

Conclusion

The AP can be bypassed through efficient CP activation. The AP amplification loop has a role in complement activation during conditions of modest activation via the CP, when it can allow for efficient complement‐mediated killing.
Effect of Storage Time on Wax–Wax–Hydrolyzate Canola Oil Oleogels
Authors: Wettlaufer Till , Flöter Eckhard
Published: January 2023

In this study, two natural waxes, beeswax (BW) and sunflower wax (SFW), are combined with their hydrolyzed variants to deliberately alter the waxes’ composition. The properties of the produced oleogels with different wax inclusion levels (4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% w/w) are investigated after defined intervals (2 days, 7 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months). To do so, the gels are monitored via penetrometry, microscopy, and calorimetry. Although the gels do not show any significant difference during storage in the micrographs, the calorimetric and firmness data reveal meaningful results. The heat of dissolution increases in every system investigated, indicating post‐crystallization processes. Due to different solubilities of wax components, the critical gelling concentration is determined and the solid wax content is retrieved to further address the structure efficiency (S.E.). It is demonstrated that although the quantity of solids over time increases, the scaffolding effectiveness decreases in most cases. Only SFW, most likely due to sintering, shows an increase in S.E. over the storage time. Identified synergistic effects in BW and hydrolyzate mixtures decrease with increasing storage time. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of wax‐based oleogels upon storage.

Practical Applications: Although much is known about the gel properties of wax‐based oleogels at short‐term, the behavior over the storage period remains largely unresolved. However, this behavior is immensely important for a real application in fast and slow moving consumer goods. After all, products should always have the same consumer‐relevant properties when stored at variable time frames. This applies to both food and pharmaceutical products. Knowledge of the behavior of wax‐based oleogels in terms of a time‐dependent change can help to choose a targeted product design and ensure product quality and consumer satisfaction.
LC/MS analysis of mushrooms provided new insights into dietary management of diabetes mellitus in rats
Authors: Hussein Abdelaziz , Ghonimy Abdallah , Jiang Hailong , Qin Guixin , El‐Ashram Saeed , Hussein Saddam , Abd El‐Razek Ibrahim , El‐Afifi Tarek , Farouk Mohammed Hamdy
Published: January 2023

Mushrooms possess antihyperglycemic effect on diabetic individuals due to their nonfibrous and fibrous bioactive compounds. This study aimed to reveal the effect of different types of mushrooms on plasma glucose level and gut microbiota composition in diabetic individuals. The effects of five different mushroom species (Ganoderma lucidum, GLM; Pleurotus ostreatus, POM; Pleurotus citrinopileatus, PCM; Lentinus edodes, LEM; or Hypsizigus marmoreus, HMM) on alloxan‐induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The results indicated that LEM and HMM treatments showed lower plasma glucose levels. For the microbiota composition, ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were significantly affected by PCM and LEM treatments (p < .05), while ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were affected by HMM treatment (p < .01). Simpson index was affected in positive control (C+) and POM groups. All these four indices were lower in GLM treatment (p < .05). Dietary supplementation of mushrooms reduced plasma glucose level directly through mushrooms' bioactive compounds (agmatine, sphingosine, pyridoxine, linolenic, and alanine) and indirectly through stachyose (oligosaccharide) and gut microbiota modulation. In conclusion, LEM and HMM can be used as food additives to improve plasma glucose level and gut microbiome composition in diabetic individuals.
Extracellular vesicles secreted by triple‐negative breast cancer stem cells trigger premetastatic niche remodeling and metastatic growth in the lungs
Authors: González‐Callejo Patricia , Gener Petra , Díaz‐Riascos Zamira V. , Conti Sefora , Cámara‐Sánchez Patricia , Riera Roger , Mancilla Sandra , García‐Gabilondo Miguel , Peg Vicente , Arango Diego , Rosell Anna , Labernadie Anna , Trepat Xavier , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Schwartz Simó , Seras‐Franzoso Joaquin , Abasolo Ibane
Published: January 2023

Tumor secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent intercellular signaling platforms. They are responsible for the accommodation of the premetastatic niche (PMN) to support cancer cell engraftment and metastatic growth. However, complex cancer cell composition within the tumor increases also the heterogeneity among cancer secreted EVs subsets, a functional diversity that has been poorly explored. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in highly plastic and heterogenous triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), in which a significant representation of malignant cancer stem cells (CSCs) is displayed. Herein, we selectively isolated and characterized EVs from CSC or differentiated cancer cells (DCC; EVsCSC and EVsDCC, respectively) from the MDA‐MB‐231 TNBC cell line. Our results showed that EVsCSC and EVsDCC contain distinct bioactive cargos and therefore elicit a differential effect on stromal cells in the TME. Specifically, EVsDCC activated secretory cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), triggering IL‐6/IL‐8 signaling and sustaining CSC phenotype maintenance. Complementarily, EVsCSC promoted the activation of α‐SMA+ myofibroblastic CAFs subpopulations and increased the endothelial remodeling, enhancing the invasive potential of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, solely the EVsCSC mediated signaling prompted the transformation of healthy lungs into receptive niches able to support metastatic growth of breast cancer cells.
Consumers' valuation for a novel food waste reducing technology: The case of natural coating
Authors: Dsouza Alwin , Fang Di , Yang Wei , Kemper Nathan P. , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: January 2023

This study analyzes consumers' valuation for a natural coating that extends the shelf life of produce. Specifically, we examine the effect of providing information about the natural coating's ability to reduce food waste on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) using bananas and tomatoes as products of interest. We found higher WTP among participants provided with the information. Our study underscores the importance of cognitive and noncognitive factors in understanding the implications of food‐waste related interventions. We also used Query Theory to explore participants' thought processes. The results indicate that those provided with the information generated more value‐increasing thoughts than those not provided with the information.
Potential benefits of intraoperative ultrasound in neurosurgery
Authors: Olah Laszlo , Olah Marton
Published: January 2023

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most popular diagnostic tools to visualize intracranial pathology and help surgical planning in the neurosurgical practice. However, these preoperative techniques need to be supplemented with intraoperative methods, if the lesion size may increase or preoperative anatomy may change after the primary imaging due to rapid progression of the underlying intracranial disease. In such situations intraoperative ultrasound could be a valuable technique in real‐time imaging of intracranial pathologic processes, real‐time control of surgical procedure, assistance in drain or catheter placement, and real‐time assessment of residual tumor or hematoma volume during neurosurgical interventions.
Factors related to retention in a longitudinal study of infants at familial risk for autism
Authors: Ozonoff Sally , Hill Monique M. , Hill Alesha , Ashley Kevin , Young Gregory S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Reporting retention data is critical to determining the soundness of a study's conclusions (internal validity) and broader generalizability (external validity). Although selective attrition can lead to overestimates of effects, biased conclusions, or overly expansive generalizations, retention rates are not reported in many longitudinal studies.

Methods

We examined multiple child‐ and family‐level factors potentially associated with retention in a longitudinal study of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 304) or typical development (n = 163). The sample was followed from the first year of life to 36 months of age, for up to 7 visits.

Results

Of the 467 infant siblings who were consented and participated in at least one research visit, 397 (85.0%) were retained to study completion at 36 months. Retention rates did not differ by familial risk group (ASD‐risk vs. Low‐risk), sex, race, ethnicity, age at enrollment, number of children in the family, maternal employment, marital status, or parent concerns about the child at enrollment. A stepwise regression model identified 4 variables that, together, provided the most parsimonious predictive model of study retention: maternal education, maternal age at child's birth, travel distance to the study site, and diagnostic outcome classification at the final study visit.

Conclusions

The retained and not‐retained groups did not differ on most demographic and clinical variables, suggesting few threats to internal and external validity. The significantly higher rate of retention of children diagnosed with ASD (95%) than typically developing children (83%) may, however, present biases when studying recurrence risk. We conclude by describing engagement and tracking methods that can be used to maximize retention in longitudinal studies of children at risk of ASD.
Author identity taxonomy: Capturing diversity for the books supply chain
Authors: Wright Leigh
Published: January 2023

Key Points

A metadata standard or taxonomy for tracking author identity is highly desired by stakeholders in the book industry.

Achieving an authoritative standard for author self‐identification comes with numerous practical, legal, and ethical challenges for the scholarly publishing industry.

Until this happens, publishers can engage with librarians and booksellers, with marketing campaigns of their own, or by providing materials to support marketing campaigns within libraries and bookstores, to spotlight authors of diverse backgrounds.
Colorado eases competency restoration for defendants with mental health needs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

A Colorado pilot program seeks to ease a system logjam that occurs when an accused offender with mental health needs is deemed not competent to stand trial but has no viable alternative to a long hold in jail. Launched last July, the initiative uses an education program designed to expedite an individual's restoration to competency, an effort that in many cases has shortened defendants’ court‐mandated stay in psychiatric care.
Study examines challenges facing ER staff with BH patients
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2023

Observing the challenges and care dynamics experienced by emergency room (ER) nurses and physicians caring for patients with mental health and substance use disorders (SUDs), who noted that these patient populations are typically time‐ and energy‐intensive, researchers of a new study on ER staff acknowledge that broad public and institutional changes are needed to deliver better ER care for behavioral health patients. The study is considered the largest qualitative study on this issue conducted with physicians and nurses, they stated.
Personal mental health emerges as a top stress source on campus
Authors: Booth Bob
Published: January 2023

As unlikely as it may seem, the threat of a global economic recession looms as a significant source of stress for nearly two‐thirds of U.S. college students. However, the most often cited cause is far more personal –– their own mental health.
A wideband antenna based on self‐packaged suspended coplanar waveguide technology
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Liu Xian‐Qing , Guo Jia‐Xing
Published: January 2023

In this article, a wideband antenna is implemented by using a multilayer self‐packaged suspended coplanar waveguide (SCPW). The lower air cavity of the SCPW is not only used for antenna suspending but also as an antenna reflector, while the reflector structure can be expanded by copper coating on the periphery of the multidielectric substrates, which improves the antenna radiation and antenna gain effectively, while the antenna profile is not increased. An extra patch is introduced for generating more resonances, which extends the antenna bandwidth importantly. The proposed antenna is designed to work at 5.42 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 26.2% (4.71–6.13 GHz), and a maximum gain of 8.4 dBi. The SCPW antenna has been fabricated and measured, and the design has been demonstrated with the advantages of self‐packaging, wideband, favorable gain, and even low profile as well as miniature circuit size.