bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project
Authors: Solgaard Anne , Kusk Anders , Boncori John Peter Merryman , Dall Jørgen , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Andersen Signe B. , Citterio Michele , Karlsson Nanna B. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Korsgaard Niels J. , Larsen Signe H. , Fausto Robert S.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) ice velocity product (https://doi.org/10.22008/promice/data/sentinel1icevelocity/greenlandicesheet) (Solgaard and Kusk, 2021)) which is a September 2016 through present time series of Greenland Ice Sheet ice-velocity mosaics. The product is based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar data and has a 500 m spatial resolution. A new mosaic is available every 12 days and span two consecutive Sentinel-1 cycles (24 days). The product is made available within ~10 days of the last acquisition and includes all possible 6 and 12 day pairs within the two Sentinel-1A cycles. We describe our operational processing chain in high detail from data selection, mosaicking and error estimation to final outlier removal. The product is validated against in-situ GPS measurements. We find that the standard deviation of the difference between satellite and GPS derived velocities is 20 m/yr and 27 m/yr for the vx and vy components, respectively. This is within the expected bounds, however, we expect that the GPS measurements carry a considerable part of this uncertainty. We investigate variations in coverage from both a temporal and spatial perspective. Best spatial coverage is achieved in winter due to excellent data coverage and high coherence, while summer mosaics have the lowest coverage due to widespread melt. The southeast Greenland Ice Sheet margin, along with other areas of high accumulation and melt, often have gaps in the ice velocity mosaics. The spatial comprehensiveness and temporal consistency make the product ideal for monitoring and studying ice-sheet wide ice discharge and dynamics of glaciers.
Development of a MetUM (v 11.1) and NEMO (v 3.6) coupled operational forecast model for the Maritime Continent – Part 1: Evaluation of ocean forecasts
Authors: Thompson Bijoy , Sanchez Claudio , Heng Boon Chong Peter , Kumar Rajesh , Liu Jianyu , Huang Xiang-Yu , Tkalich Pavel
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This article describes the development and ocean forecast
evaluation of an atmosphere–ocean coupled prediction system for the Maritime
Continent (MC) domain, which includes the eastern Indian and western Pacific
oceans. The coupled system comprises regional configurations of the
atmospheric model MetUM and ocean model NEMO at a uniform horizontal
resolution of 4.5 km × 4.5 km, coupled using the OASIS3-MCT libraries. The
coupled model is run as a pre-operational forecast system from 1 to 31 October 2019. Hindcast simulations performed for the period 1 January 2014
to 30 September 2019, using the stand-alone ocean configuration, provided
the initial condition to the coupled ocean model. This paper details the
evaluations of ocean-only model hindcast and 6 d
coupled ocean forecast
simulations. Direct comparison of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea
surface height (SSH) with analysis, as well as in situ observations, is
performed for the ocean-only hindcast evaluation. For the evaluation of
coupled ocean model, comparisons of ocean forecast for different forecast
lead times with SST analysis and in situ observations of SSH, temperature,
and salinity have been performed. Overall, the model forecast deviation of
SST, SSH, and subsurface temperature and salinity fields relative to
observation is within acceptable error limits of operational forecast
models. Typical runtimes of the daily forecast simulations are found to be
suitable for the operational forecast applications.
Evaluation of hillslope storage with variable width under temporally varied
rainfall recharge
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Cheng , Huang Tzu-Ting
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This study discussed water storage in aquifers of hillslopes under temporally varied rainfall recharge by employing a hillslope-storage equation to simulate groundwater flow. The hillslope width was assumed to vary exponentially to denote the following complex hillslope types: uniform, convergent, and divergent. Both analytical and numerical solutions were acquired for the storage equation with a recharge source. The analytical solution was obtained using an integral transform technique. The numerical solution was obtained using a finite difference method in which the upwind scheme was used for space derivatives and the third-order Runge–Kutta scheme was used for time discretization. The results revealed that hillslope type significantly influences the drains of hillslope storage. Drainage was the fastest for divergent hillslopes and the slowest for convergent hillslopes. The results obtained from analytical solutions require the tuning of a fitting parameter to better describe the groundwater flow. However, a gap existed between the analytical and numerical solutions under the same scenario owing to the different versions of the hillslope-storage equation. The study findings implied that numerical solutions are superior to analytical solutions for the nonlinear hillslope-storage equation, whereas the analytical solutions are better for the linearized hillslope-storage equation. The findings thus can benefit research on and have application in soil and water conservation.
«ԱՐԱՐԱՏ»-ը և գրադարանային խնդիրները
Authors: Ghazaryan Haykanush
Published: February 2021

In 2018 "Ararat" magazine celebrated its 150th anniversary. It is the first
magazine in Eastern Armenia, the first official newspaper of the Mother See of Holy
Etchmiadzin. The publication of the magazine was initiated by Catholicos Gevorg IV,
who also restored the printing house founded by Catholicos Simeon of Yerevan, reequipped it with printing materials and modern equipment. Focusing on religious
and moral, historical and philological, educational and cultural, scientific and
manuscript materials, the magazine also touches upon libraries and library collections,
highlighting their primary significance in providing the quality of education, obtaining
and supplying textbooks and training handbooks, in upbringing and development of
children and teenagers, building their inter-personal relationships, in the
enlightenment and progress of the society.
William Empson and C. S. Lewis: The Atonement
Authors: Rumrich John
Published: February 2021

Literary critics, Milton scholars in particular, tend to register C. S. Lewis and William Empson as opposites on account of their sharply contrasting views about Christianity. Although Lewis had been an atheist as a young man, he converted to Christianity around 1930. Empson, too, may be said to have undergone an adult conversion around the same time—from the mere atheism of his youth to an increasingly strident anti-Christianity. His critical writings repeatedly describe belief in hell and atonement through Christ's sacrifice as sadistic. Lewis, for his part, enjoys widespread fame precisely for his popular writings in rational defense of Christian theology. Despite their indeed striking differences, there is more common ground between them as literary critics than is generally recognized, even when it comes to Christian theology and specifically the doctrine of the Atonement.
“Fittest to Choose”: Milton Against Celebrity
Authors: Harper David A.
Published: February 2021

Milton was concerned with the dangers of populism throughout his career, most notably in Eikonoklastes and The Readie and Easie Way as he took on the celebrity king, Charles I. Sometimes charged with being an elitist who disregarded the common man, Milton actually worried about the political backwardness that populism engenders and the threat it poses not only to the political life of the nation, but also to the capacity for human salvation. His solution was a domestic “nation-building” grounded in educational reform. This article highlights the dangers Milton apprehended in the allure of fame and in the difficulties of preparing citizens to choose wisely when faced with the partisan allure of celebrity politicians.
A Evolução dos mecanismos de proteção ambiental no Brasil e seu contexto
Authors: Campos Samuel Alex Coelho
Published: February 2021

A preocupação com o meio ambiente remete aos séculos, XIV e XVIII e sua relação com as colheitas e a criação de animais. A visão utilitarista do meio ambiente influenciou a legislação nacional desde o período colonial. Durante a colonização e ao longo da história brasileira, a terra e os recursos naturais foram considerados inesgotáveis e utilizados no processo produtivo. Nesse sentido, o país criou diversas leis para permitir que os recursos naturais fossem utilizados no crescimento econômico do país. Entretanto, a legislação acerca do meio ambiente sempre foi influenciada pelas pressões internacionais, principalmente pelo caráter exportador de produtos primários da economia brasileira. Essa pressão tem aumentado, com a questão do aquecimento global e as emissões de gases do efeito estufa pelo desmatamento.
Twenty Five–Year Publication Trends in Foot and Ankle Literature: Improved Methodological Quality and Internationality With Time
Authors: Klavas Derek M. , Liu Jonathan , Holderread Brendan M. , Ahuero Jason S. , Cosculluela Pedro E. , Varner Kevin E. , Harris Joshua D.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Methodological quality and author internationality are increasing in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality and author geography trends from 1994 to 2019 in high-quality foot and ankle journals.

Methods:

Analyses of 1,242 foot and ankle publications in Foot and Ankle International, American Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and American Journal of Sports Medicine were done for 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019. Articles were classified according to study type, level of evidence (LOE), and author's country of publication.

Results:

The most common clinical study was therapeutic (65.4). Significant increases were noted in the proportion of therapeutic (P < 0.01) and prognostic (P < 0.01) articles. The average LOE increased from 3.96 ± 1.01 to 3.19 ± 0.97 (P < 0.01). The proportion of Level I (P = 0.29) and level IV articles (P = 0.21) remained constant, level II (P < 0.01) and level III (P < 0.01) articles increased, and level V (P < 0.01) articles decreased. United States authorship decreased from 78.1% in 1994 to 44.8% in 2009, then remained constant through 2019 (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated an improvement in LOE of foot and ankle publications across a 25-year period in three high-quality orthopaedic journals. Increasing internationality was also observed.
Complex neonatal airway surgery. Case report
Authors: Catalá Daniel Martínez , Escribá Alepuz Francisco Javier , Argente Navarro Pilar
Published: February 2021

Airway-related pathology poses a significant challenge to the pediatric anesthesiologist. This case report involves a 28-day-old neonate diagnosed with congenital tracheal stenosis who underwent a slide tracheoplasty intervention with extracorporeal circulation. The anesthetic management is described, together with our experience in the face of a challenging situation, including adverse events during surgery.
Some Great Moments in the Practice of Forestry in Québec (1910–2020)
Authors: Mathieu Pierre
Published: February 2021

In 1910, the Forestry School at Laval University was founded at the instigation of the Government of Quebec so that research provides the knowledge needed to intelligently manage the Crown lands. The two and sole teachers at this school were Gustave-Clodomir Piché and Avila Bédard. These first two Quebec forest engineers would develop many forest programs and organizations in Quebec at a time when everything had to be built. It has therefore been a little over 110 years that we have been teaching and practising scientific forestry in Quebec. Scientific knowledge, cultural values, social context, various forest regimes not to mention the many forestry crises have contributed to the evolution of forestry practices.
Growth and yield of lodgepole pine stands disturbed by mountain pine beetle in the Lower Foothills of Alberta
Authors: Dempster W. Richard , Meredith Sharon
Published: February 2021

Changes in the structure and dynamics of lodgepole pine stands following the 2006 outbreak of mountain pine beetle in western Alberta were investigated by monitoring attacked permanent sample plots over the following decade and projecting future stand development with locally validated growth models. Results suggest that a wide range in growth and yield of attacked stands is likely, with projected impacts varying from minor and inconsequential modifications to full stand replacement. Severely disturbed stands are unlikely to naturally regenerate to pine. The degree to which timber production is naturally restored in such stands will depend to a large extent on the amount and composition of non-pine advance growth and regeneration. Variation in attack severity and tree species composition will, in the absence of clearcutting following disturbance, result in increased diversity in stand and forest structure. Recommendations are made for scheduling salvage and restoration operations to ameliorate losses in timber supply.
Assessing single photon LiDAR for operational implementation of an enhanced forest inventory in diverse mixedwood forests
Authors: White Joanne C. , Penner Margaret , Woods Murray
Published: February 2021

Airborne laser scanning (ALS; LiDAR) data are an increasingly common data source for forest inventories, and approaches integrating ALS data with field plot measurements have become operational in several jurisdictions. As technology continues to evolve, different LiDAR sensors can provide new opportunities to incorporate LiDAR data into forest inventory workflows. Single photon LiDAR (SPL) enables efficient, large area data acquisition and merits further investigation for forest inventory applications. Herein, we investigated the capacity of leaf-on SPL data, combined with 269 field plots, for estimating forest inventory attributes in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence mixedwood forests of southern Ontario, Canada. Inventory attribute estimates were validated at the stand level using independent reference data acquired for 27 intensively sampled stands. Top height, Lorey’s height, gross total volume for merchantable stems, merchantable stem volume, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, and total aboveground biomass were estimated with a relative RMSE of 13.52%, 7.24%, 14.61%, 16.27%, 14.42%, 12.25%, and 11.72%, respectively. Relative bias was < 1% for all attributes except top height (10.34%), merchantable volume (3.37%), and basal area (1.68%). Accuracy and bias varied by forest type and stand-level validation was important for assessing model performance in different stand conditions. SPL data can be used to generate accurate, area-based forest inventories in mixedwood forests that have a multitude of tree species and complex forest management histories.
Insights from the Implementation and Adoption of Community-Based Health Interventions
Authors: Ntakarutimana Amans , Kagwiza Jeanne , Bushaija Emmy , Tumusiime David , Schuller Kristin , Ekane Nelson
Published: February 2021

Abstract Effective implementation of health interventions is critical for maximum adoption and optimal health outcomes. This qualitative study assessed the differences in Community Health Club (CHC) implementation in villages using qualitative research methods. Villages in Rusizi district in Rwanda were purposively selected with high, medium, and low adoption rates. The results revealed that the traits and skills of intervention facilitators (providers or implementers) at the village level, the involvement of the head of the village in the CHC intervention activities, and the support supervision by the Community Environmental Health Officer from the health center may have contributed to high rates of adoption of the intervention. Poor community organization, mistrust, lack of equal consideration among intervention beneficiaries, and lack of skills and capacity for intervention facilitators may have contributed to the low rates of intervention adoption. The results of this study suggest the need for capacity building of implementers, local leaders, and supervisors for improved (1) skills to adapt to local contexts and maximize the intervention adoption, (2) involvement and participation of local leadership, and (3) support supervision, guidance, and close monitoring, respectively. for effective implementation and maximum adoption of CHC intervention.
Public water and waste management in Uganda: the legal framework, obstacles and challenges
Authors: JACKLINE Asiimwe
Published: February 2021

Access to public services in developing countries is always inefficient and resistant to reform. Despite substantial investments in public water and waste management in Uganda, coverage and service levels have failed to improve as expected due to sluggish progress. Whereas there may be substantial legal framework in place, there are challenges and obstacles which affect adequate access to these services. Only 32 % of Ugandans have access to safe water supply, while only 19 % have access to basic sanitation. This is partly attributed to lack of enforcement and weak punitive measures in the relevant legal framework. Other challenges include, poor management, corruption, politicization and lack of the requisite political will, rapid population growth, poor infrastructure, lack of technical capacity, and poor financing. The government has devised among others private takeover of some public services by profit maximising companies which in turn alienates the poor from accessing them. Therefore this desk review suggests the way forward towards a sustainable public water and waste management.
Hemoptysis as a warning sign of thoracic aorta pseudoaneurysm: A case report
Authors: Rodríguez-Hidalgo Luis Alejandro , Concepción-Urteaga Luis Alberto , Santos Hilario-Vargas Julio , Ruiz-Caballero Diana Cecilia
Published: February 2021

Pseudoaneurysm is defined as a reperfused pulsatile hematoma, encapsulated and communicated with the damaged vessel's lumen. It originates when there is a disruption of the arterial wall. Hemoptysis is a very rare sign/symptom of a thoracic aortic aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm. There is little information on hemoptysis associated with aortic aneurysm rupture, whose mechanisms are not explained by the presence of an aortopulmonary fistula. Among the hypotheses to explain this phenomenon, is the ability of the bronchial arteries to become hyperplasic and tortuous in the presence of a lesion that modifies the pulmonary architecture, being more susceptible to rupture. There are also descriptions of direct lung parenchymal injury from ruptured aneurysm. The present case illustrates that we must consider the hemoptysis as a warning sign in differential diagnosis of aortic aneurysms and pseudo aneurysms, among other causes, that it can be fatal in a short time due to massive hemorrhage.
COVID-19 in Chile: The usefulness of simple epidemic models in practice
Authors: Canals Mauricio , Cuadrado Cristóbal , Canals Andrea
Published: February 2021

Objectives The purpose of this article is to describe and develop the predictive value of three models during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chile, providing knowledge for decision-making in health. Methods We developed three models during the epidemic: a discrete model to predict the maximum burden on the health system in a short time frame—a basic SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-removed) model with discrete equations; a stochastic SEIR model with the Monte Carlo method; and a Gompertz-type model for metropolitan city of Santiago. Results The maximum potential burden model has been useful throughout the monitoring of the epidemic, providing an upper bound for the number of cases, intensive care unit occupancy, and deaths. Deterministic and stochastic SEIR models were very useful in predicting the rise of cases and the peak and onset of case decline; however, they lost utility in the current situation due to the asynchronous recruitment of cases in the regions and the persistence of a strong endemic. The Gompertz model had a better fit in the decline since it best captures the epidemic curve’s asymmetry in Santiago. Conclusions The models have shown great utility in monitoring the epidemic in Chile, with different objectives in different epidemic stages. They have complemented empirical indicators such as reported cases, fatality, deaths, and others, making it possible to predict situations of interest and visualization of the short and long-term local behavior of this pandemic.
Necessidades de cuidado de mulheres no climatério com hipertensão: possibilidades de trabalho do enfermeiro
Authors: Castilhos Lara , Schimith Maria Denise , Silva Laís Mara Caetano da , Prates Lisie Alende , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: compreender as necessidades de cuidado de mulheres no climatério com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida em 21 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs), durante abril e junho de 2019. Participaram 15 mulheres com idade entre 40 e 69 anos; com diagnóstico referido de HAS, adstritas às USFs e que referiram não usar anticoncepcionais hormonais. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, seguida pela construção e devolução de narrativas, com análise participativa. Resultados: as necessidades de cuidado incluíam manejo dos sinais e sintomas; acompanhamento dos níveis pressóricos, efetividade e adesão ao tratamento; orientação sobre escolhas alimentares; busca por informações confiáveis e escuta ativa. A percepção acerca do trabalho do enfermeiro remeteu ao atendimento individual e pontual. Conclusão: o climatério é vivenciado de forma distinta e as necessidades das mulheres demonstram diferentes possibilidades de aprimoramento do cuidado. Essa identificação permite que o enfermeiro desenvolva atenção individualizada e adaptada às demandas das mulheres.
Noções e práticas de cuidado em saúde mental na perspectiva de mulheres camponesas
Authors: Sganzerla Jaqueline , Cabral Fernanda Beheregaray , Hildebrandt Leila Mariza , Trezzi Iuri
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: conhecer as noções e práticas de cuidado em saúde mental na perspectiva de mulheres camponesas. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 18 camponesas. Os dados foram produzidos mediante entrevista semiestruturada, no período de março a abril de 2017, e submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: as noções de saúde mental ainda são influenciadas pela religiosidade e concepção de loucura da idade clássica. A socialização, a participação em grupos, o lazer e a religiosidade destacaram-se como práticas de cuidado. Relações familiares conflituosas, ociosidade, nervosismo, sofrimento, estresse, sobrecarga laboral e dificuldades econômicas foram produtores de adoecimento mental. Conclusão: a atenção à saúde mental das camponesas necessita ser considerada pelas políticas públicas e requer ações dos profissionais de saúde com vistas à promoção desta.
TRES LUPAS PARA EXAMINAR A PAU CASALS Y ANNE GASTINEL: ANÁLISIS DE LA AGÓGICA EN DOS INTERPRETACIONES DE LA SARABANDE BWV 1011 DE J.S. BACH.
Authors: Saenz Abarzuza Igor
Published: February 2021

Pau Casals fue el primer violonchelista en  grabar la integral de las Suites de Bach, siendo este uno de sus legados musicales más relevantes. Esta grabación concluida en 1939 y la realizada por Anne Gastinel en 2007, presentan una interesante similitud: la duración de la Sarabande de la Suite Nº5, BWV 1011, con una diferencia entre ambas inferior a los 3 segundos. A tenor de este escaso margen temporal, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar mediciones de las duraciones a diferentes niveles o lupas en la Sarabande: las duraciones de cada grupo de 4 compases, las de cada compás y las de cada pulso, para posteriormente interpretar estos datos. Estas mediciones de la micro-agógica han sido efectuadas con el programa de análisis de audio Sonic Visualiser, y los datos obtenidos han sido analizados y comentados tanto por separado como en la comparación de ambos violonchelistas. Con todo ello, se muestran dos posibilidades distintas de ejecución de la agógica en unas grabaciones que, aunque en macro-agógica duran un tiempo similar, presentan sutiles convergencias y divergencias a medida que se agranda la lupa, dando cuenta del margen del intérprete en la ejecución.
El practicum en Educación Infantil: implicaciones de la música y el lenguaje
Authors: López Casanova Belén , Nadal García Icíar
Published: February 2021

Se presenta un estudio llevado a cabo con estudiantes de grado de maestro en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Zaragoza, durante el periodo de practicum III. Los principales objetivos de este estudio son: analizar, describir, contrastar y poner en práctica las competencias adquiridas en referencia al desarrollo de la Expresión Musical y el Lenguaje, a través de la observación y análisis de la realidad escolar, en el aula de Educación Infantil. Se utiliza la tabla de observación como técnica de recogida de datos sobre el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. En los resultados obtenidos se constata la necesidad de incidir en aspectos relacionados con los parámetros sonoros, sobre percepción y discriminación auditiva y expresión vocal y canto. Los maestros trabajan la percepción y expresión musical de manera espontánea e instintiva en su aula y demandan una mayor formación en conocimientos, didáctica y pedagogía musical.
Narrativas visuales pedagógicas de reconstrucción identitaria
Authors: Ramon Ricard
Published: February 2021

El artículo presenta los principales resultados de una investigación basada en la metodología de la Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes. Mediante la construcción de narrativas simbólicas de visualización identitaria y de comprensión y análisis de relatos biográficos creativos, con una finalidad pedagógica y de mejora y comprensión de la identidad propia. Se expone el desarrollo de esta propuesta de investigación, a partir de prácticas pedagógicas y artísticas, con alumnado de un Máster en Educación Secundaria. La propuesta parte de la utilización de la fotografía, la performance y la narrativa como recursos artísticos de mediación en la construcción de nuevos relatos biográficos de comprensión. A partir del análisis de esta producción de datos, se concluye la importancia de los medios narrativos visuales y artísticos, como vía para el análisis de las biografías y la identidad, especialmente en entornos educativos.
La gestión directiva en la investigación del docente universitario en Lima
Authors: Madueño Ramos Percy
Published: February 2021

ResumenEl objetivo general del estudio fue determinar la influencia de la gestión directiva en la investigación docente universitaria, en Lima Norte, en el año 2019. La investigación empleó el enfoque cuantitativo, el tipo de investigación fue básica, de nivel explicativo, con la aplicación del diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, para la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó la regresión logística interpretando los resultados del índice del pseudo R cuadrado de Nagelkerke y del nivel de significancia. La población estuvo conformada por 182 docentes universitarios del Programa de Estudios Generales, de una universidad privada societaria, de Lima, Perú, correspondiente al semestre académico 2019-2; y la muestra representativa fue de 124 docentes. Se aplicó la técnica  de la encuesta y como instrumentos se utilizaron: la escala de evaluación de la gestión directiva y  el cuestionario de investigación docente. Los instrumentos fueron sometidos a la validez de contenido a través del juicio de tres expertos con un resultado de aplicable y el valor de la confiabilidad fue con la prueba Alfa de Cronbach con coeficientes de 0,975 y 0,864 respectivamente, indicándonos una fuerte confiabilidad para ambos instrumentos. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron concluir que: existe influencia de la gestión directiva en la investigación docente universitaria, dado que el nivel de significancia resultó 0,000 y el Pseudo R cuadrado de Nagelkerke fue 0,708 equivalente a un 70,8% de influencia. Palabras claves: Gestión directiva, investigación docente, formación académica, motivación, publicación.
La conception du Fils de Dieu dans le sein de Marie selon Jacques de Saroug († 521)
Authors: Elia Marie-Thérèse
Published: February 2021

Dans l’ensemble de ses écrits qui traite de la conception et de la naissance du Fils de Dieu, Jacques de Saroug conçoit la virginité perpétuelle de Marie comme un mystère intimement lié à celui du Fils de Dieu qui, pour nous les hommes et pour notre salut, a pris chair de la Vierge. Pour parler de l’Incarnation, Jacques évoque deux modes de la conception de la Parole divine : la conception à travers l’oreille et son passage à travers la porte commune à tous les hommes. Cet article propose de déterminer les enjeux mariologiques et christologiques du concept de la maternité virginale de Marie à travers l’examen de ces deux modes, à la lumière de deux images de Marie : la lettre scellée dans laquelle fut inscrite la Parole divine et la porte fermée de la vision d’Ézéchiel.
Sharing economy: lo que la crisis trajo y se quedó
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: February 2021

Ya hemos hablado en anteriores artículos sobre la fuerza con la que han emergido en los últimos años comportamientos relacionados con el fenómeno del compartir, propiciados por esta ya larga crisis. Don Tampscott (2011), el autor de Wikinomics, afirmaba que “compartir es crear riqueza” y ponía como ejemplo el caso de IBM, que entregó 400 millones de dólares en software a Linux y se concentró en desarrollar un negocio multimillionario de hardware ligado a este nuevo software.
Terremoto en México y social media
Authors: Cobarsí-Morales Josep
Published: February 2021

El pasado 19 de septiembre tuvo lugar en México un importante terremoto, que causó grandes pérdidas humanas y materiales. Apuntaremos a continuación el papel que tuvieron las redes sociales digitales en la respuesta a este desastre, mediante una selección de iniciativas digitales remarcables.
Semantic Scholar y el AI2
Authors: Cavaller Víctor
Published: February 2021

En noviembre de 2015 el Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2), con sede en Seattle, lanzó Semantic Scholar, un proyecto revolucionario basado en la aplicación de técnicas de inteligencia artificial en la gestión de búsqueda de publicaciones científicas, con el objetivo de descubrir los artículos científicos más relevantes asociados a un tema en particular.
¿Cuánto machismo hay en el periodismo?
Authors: Bernal Triviño Ana Isabel
Published: February 2021

Horas de televisión, cientos de noticias, referencias, comentarios en redes sociales… El 25N es el día de las violencias machistas y justo ahora, el debate por la igualdad está recobrando fuerza y más espacio en los medios de comunicación. Pero eso no significa que la profesión esté exenta de machismo. Tanto desde la perspectiva laboral como en el tratamiento de la información se detectan errores continuos. ¿Cuáles son los puntos débiles de la relación entre periodismo y género?
DOCfield PRO prescriptores y audiencias: casos de éxito
Authors: Herrera Raquel
Published: February 2021

Entre el 19 de octubre y el 30 de noviembre tuvo lugar la quinta edición del festival DOCfield, organizado por la fundación Photographic Social Vision en colaboración con Oxfam Intermón. Este festival se dedica a la fotografía documental y el fotoperiodismo particularmente siguiendo la perspectiva de la acción social.
Videoclip musical y roles de género: ¿hay novedades?
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: February 2021

Hace algún tiempo que vengo observando cómo los videoclips musicales representan roles de género, que se expresan en gran medida a través del baile, es decir, de la relación del cuerpo con la música. Un ejemplo muy extremo de ello es el reggaeton, cuyos estándares visuales, no hace falta profundizar mucho, son altamente sexistas, y en muchos casos denigrantes para las mujeres. Sin embargo, no todo es carne. O así lo quiero pensar. ¿Cabe un espacio para la expresión de modelos alternativos? En este artículo repaso algunos videoclips musicales que me han interesado últimamente desde la perspectiva de los arquetipos de género.
Viral load and contact heterogeneity predict SARS-CoV-2 transmission and super-spreading events
Authors: Goyal Ashish , Reeves Daniel B , Cardozo-Ojeda E Fabian , Schiffer Joshua T , Mayer Bryan T
Published: February 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is difficult to contain because many transmissions occur during pre-symptomatic infection. Unlike influenza, most SARS-CoV-2-infected people do not transmit while a small percentage infect large numbers of people. We designed mathematical models which link observed viral loads with epidemiologic features of each virus, including distribution of transmissions attributed to each infected person and duration between symptom onset in the transmitter and secondarily infected person. We identify that people infected with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza can be highly contagious for less than 1 day, congruent with peak viral load. SARS-CoV-2 super-spreader events occur when an infected person is shedding at a very high viral load and has a high number of exposed contacts. The higher predisposition of SARS-CoV-2 toward super-spreading events cannot be attributed to additional weeks of shedding relative to influenza. Rather, a person infected with SARS-CoV-2 exposes more people within equivalent physical contact networks, likely due to aerosolization.
Evaluation of key miRNAs during early pregnancy in Kazakh horse using RNA sequencing
Authors: Liu LingLing , Fang Chao , Sun YinZe , Liu WuJun
Published: February 2021

Background

miRNA has an important role in cell differentiation, biological development, and physiology. Milk production is an important quantitative trait in livestock and miRNA plays a role in the amount of milk produced.

Methods

The role of regulatory miRNAs involved in equine milk production is not fully understood. We constructed two miRNA libraries for Kazakh horse milk production from higher-producing (H group) and lower-producing (L group) individuals, and used RNA-Seq technology to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs between the two milk phenotypes of Kazakh horses.

Results

A total of 341 known and 333 novel miRNAs were detected from the H and L groups, respectively. Eighty-three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between the H and L group s, of which 32 were known miRNAs (27 were up-regulated, five were down-regulated) and 51 were novel miRNAs (nine were up-regulated, 42 were down-regulated). A total of 2,415 genes were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that these genes were annotated to mammary gland development, mammary gland morphogenesis, tissue development and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, insulin signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway, among others. Five miRNAs (miR-199a-3p, miR143, miR145, miR221, miR486-5p) were identified as affecting horse milk production and these five miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR.

Conclusions

We described a methodology for the transcriptome-wide profiling of miRNAs in milk, which may help the design of new intervention strategies to improve the milk yield of Kazakh horses.
A modularity analysis helps improving the structure of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
Authors: Vlachos Evangelos
Published: February 2021

Background

In a recent work I transformed a complex and integrated text like the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature into a network of interconnected parts of text. This new approach allowed understanding that a continuous body of text cannot accurately reflect the true structure of the Code, and provided a scientific methodology to identifya prioriparts that could be affected by future revisions. In this next step, I investigate further the structure of the Code, seeking to use the network in order to identify the various conceptual communities grouping the various articles and other text items of the Code.

Methods

Using the first version of the network of the Code, I perform a comprehensive modularity analysis in two rounds: the first round aims to identify the fewest and largest communities or modules for the entire network, whereas the second round identifies the sub-modules within each larger module. The potential conflicts between the current structure of the Code and the module composition are evaluated with a parcellation analysis.

Results

The optimal modularity search identified 10 different modules in the entire network of varying size (ranging from 75 to 200 nodes). Each module can be further divided into smaller modules, that all-together allow describing the 65 conceptual groups of text items in the Code. Parcellation analysis revealed that two-thirds of the current chapters of the Code are in excellent or good accordance with the recovered conceptual modules, whereas the current composition of six chapters is in serious conflict with the conceptual structure of the Code.

Discussion

Judging only the composition and not the order of appearance of the Articles in the Chapters of the Code, I show that in many cases the current structure of the Code is found to correspond quite well to the concepts presented therein. The most important conflict is found on the provisions related to the various groups of names governed by the Code: family-, genus-, and species-group names. Currently, these provisions are spread out in different Articles in different Chapters, along the entire length of the Code. The modularity analysis suggests that re-organizing the Code in chapters that will deal with all aspects related to a given group (e.g., chapters including information on name formation, availability, typification, and validity for a given group), could potentially improve reader experience and, consequently, the applicability of the Code.
The Poor and the Pandemic: COVID-19
Authors: Raut Arati , Ankar Ruchira , Sakharkar Sheetal
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 was proven to be a pandemic in early 2020 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). At present, 213 countries have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the history of global pandemics, COVID-19 has had a major impact on society as it has killed humans, spread human suffering and uprooted the lives of the people. Across the globe, there are 18,705,096 confirmed cases, 11,922,692 recovered cases, 704,385 deaths, and 6,078,019 active cases as of, 5 August 2020. It has affected the world’s economic, social and political status. Poor people belonging to the lower strata of society face more difficulties during pandemics. They are unable to secure their daily bread as well as other basic needs. The impact of COVID-19 on the poor and the role of society have been addressed.
Surgical Outcome of Levator Resection in Congenital Ptosis with Poor Levator Function at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kumar Sonali Vinay , Dhar Sanjay , Trehan HS
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Treatment of congenital ptosis is challenging as results are unpredictable. The ideal surgical technique which gives optimal cosmetic outcome without complications is still evolving. Tarso-frontalis sling operation is the preferred standard of care when levator action is poor but it has high rate of complications. Hence, supramaximal levator resection has been advocated over the past two decades as an alternative treatment modality. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of supramaximal levator resection in patients with unilateral simple congenital ptosis, having poor levator action (≤4 mm). Materials and Methods: A longitudinal interventional study was conducted over a period of six months. Fifteen patients, during the study period, underwent supramaximal levator resection under General Anesthesia (GA) after taking informed consent from next of kin. All patients were evaluated on day one, one week, one, three and six months after surgery. Surgical outcome measures were change in margin reflex distance-1, vertical palpebral fissure height and inter-eyelid difference of margin reflex distance. Success was defined as margin reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) ≥3 mm and inter-eyelid difference of MRD-1 between 0.5 and 1 mm. Results: There were 10 females (60%) and 5 males (40%) in the study group. The mean age group at the time of ptosis surgery was 5.73±0.55 years (range from 03 and 11 years). A good surgical outcome was obtained in 12 (80%) patients. In 02 (13.3%) patients under-correction was noted which did not need further intervention as visual axis was clear. Upper lid swelling occurred in one patient (6.6%) which was treated with anti-inflammatory medications. Conclusion: Supramaximal levator resection may be considered in all cases of unilateral ptosis patients with poor levator action as this procedure yields good surgical outcomes.
The possible proton translocating activity of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue
Authors: Bouillaud F. , Ricquier D. , Gulik-Krzywicki T. , Gary-Bobo C.M.
Published: July 2002

Loose coupling of thermogenic mitochondira of brown adipose tissue is related to a high proton (or hydroxyl) conductance of the inner membrane and to the presence of a unique 32 kDa uncoupling protein. Reconstitution experiments of the purified protein in liposomes are reported which suggest that this component could form proton channels in the membrane.
Localization in diphtheria toxin fragment B of a region that induces pore formation in planar lipid bilayers at low pH
Authors: Deleers Michel , Beugnier Nadine , Falmagne Paul , Cabiaux Véronique , Ruysschaert Jean-Marie
Published: July 2002

Like diphtheria toxin and the N‐terminal (M
r 23 000) region of fragment B, CB1 (M
r 13 000), the cyanogen bromide peptide located in the middle region of fragment B is able to induce pore formation in lipid bilayer membrane at low pH. These two peptides (M
r 23 000 and 13 000) share a common segment (M
r 6300) containing the predicted amphipathic, α‐helical, transverse lipid‐associating domain (M
r 2750) of fragment B[J. Cell Biol. (1980) 87, 837–840]. Therefore, we postulated this domain to be responsible for the pore formation ability of diphtheria toxin [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1981) 78, 172–176]. A relationship between the pH dependency of pore formation and the presence of a cluster of prolines in the C‐terminal region of CB1 is proposed.
Ribonuclease‐sensitive δ‐aminolevulinic acid formation from glutamate in cell extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum
Authors: Friedmam H.C. , Thauer R.K.
Published: July 2002

Cell extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, which form δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) via the C5 pathway, catalyzed the synthesis of ALA from glutamate in an ATP‐dependent reaction. The activity was abolished by incubation of the extract with ribonuclease. The mechanism of ALA synthesis in this methanogenic archaebacterium thus appears to be similar to that found in algae and in higher plants.
Fura‐2 diffusion and its use as an indicator of transient free calcium changes in single striated muscle cells
Authors: Timmerman M.P. , Ashley C.C.
Published: July 2002

Two questions bearing on the use of fura‐2 to measure transient changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration have been addressed. To investigate fura‐2 intracellular binding, the amounts of fura‐2 and [14C]glycine in Balanus nubilus myofibrillar bundles after loading were determined and their intracellular apparent diffusion constants measured. No significant fura‐2 immobilisation occurs under the conditions used. The apparent diffusion constant for fura‐2 in aqueous solution was determined. The relationship between half‐time for relaxation of force and fura‐2 fluorescence transients, and intracellular fura‐2 concentration, in voltageclamped single muscle fibres was examined. Significant buffering of the Ca2+ transient occurred at fura‐2 concentrations above ~ 6 μM.
NMR water‐proton spin‐lattice relaxation time of human red blood cells and red blood cell suspensions
Authors: Sullivan Stephen Gene , Stern Arnold , Rosenthal Jesse S. , Minkoff Lawrence A. , Winston Arnold
Published: July 2002

NMR water‐proton spin‐lattice relaxation times were studied as probes of water structure in human red blood cells and red blood cell suspensions. Normal saline had a relaxation time of about 3000 ms while packed red blood cells had a relaxation time of about 500 ms. The relaxation time of a red cell suspension at 50% hematocrit was about 750 ms showing that surface charges and polar groups of the red cell membrane effectively structure extracellular water. Incubation of red cells in hypotonic saline increases relaxation time whereas hypertonic saline decreases relaxation time. Relaxation times varied independently of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a sample population. Studies with lysates and resealed membrane ghosts show that hemoglobin is very effective in lowering water‐proton relaxation time whereas resealed membrane ghosts in the absence of hemoglobin are less effective than intact red cells.
The effect of phosphate on the unfolding‐refolding of phosphoglycerate kinase induced by guanidine hydrochloride
Authors: Chardot T. , Mitraki A. , Amigues Y. , Desmadril M. , Betton J.M. , Yon J.M.
Published: July 2002

Phosphate ions were found to stabilize the native structure of phosphoglycerate kinase without modifying the folding pathway. The transition curves obtained from different signals: enzyme activity, ellipticity at 220 nm and fluorescence intensity at 336 nm (excitation at 292 nm) are shifted to smaller guanidine hydrochloride c
m values in the absence of phosphate. The kinetic characteristics are qualitatively similar, unfolding rate constants being slightly smaller in the presence of phosphate. The mechanism by which the native structure of phosphoglycerate kinase is stabilized by phosphate probably occurs upon specific phosphate binding to the nucleotide β‐ or γ‐phosphate binding site of nucleotides.
5‐Aminolevulinic acid formation from glutamate via the C5 pathway in Clostridium thermoaceticum
Authors: Oh-hama T. , Stolowich N.J. , Scott A.I.
Published: July 2002

A cell‐free extract of the anaerobic eubacterium, Clostridium thermoaceticum, catalyses the synthesis of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glutamate via the C5 pathway. The enzyme reaction resembles that of higher plants and algae in cofactor requirements and sensitivity to ribonuclease. From the phylogenetic distribution it is proposed that the C5 pathway evolved earlier than the ALA synthase pathway.
Stop making sense or Regulation at the level of termination in eukaryotic protein synthesis
Authors: Valle Rosaura P.C. , Morch Marie-Dominique
Published: July 2002

An increasing number of examples of translational regulation at the level of termination has been recently reported in eukaryotes. This paper reviews our present knowledge on this topic and proposes an understanding of these regulations by relating the study of viral gene expression to a comprehensive view of the mechanisms and components of the translational process.
Growth stimulatory effect of pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide on cultured colon and breast tumor cells
Authors: Hoosein Naseema M. , Thim Lars , Jørgensen Klavs H. , Brattain Michael G.
Published: July 2002

The effects of a novel polypeptide, pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP) on a colon carcinoma cell line (HCT 116) were examined. PSP stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into HCT 116 cells as well as cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Maximal increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation of 50–60% occurred at 3–300, μM PSP. The VIP‐mediated‐increase in cAMP levels was reduced by PSP at > 1 μM concentrations. PSP is highly homologous to the estrogen‐induced pS2 protein in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. We find that PSP also enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation in MCF‐7 cells. These findings indicate for the first time that PSP has growth stimulatory properties.