bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New material: vitrimers promise to impact composites
Authors: Kissounko Denis A. , Taynton Philip , Kaffer Chris
Published: June 2017

Strong and durable like thermosets, yet moldable and recyclable like thermoplastics, vitrimers are ‘malleable thermosets’ which are challenging the status quo in the composites industry. Mallinda, a startup company founded by some of the pioneering inventors of the technology, is developing malleable CFRPs for rapid (∼30 s) production cycle times.
Enhancing the DHA content in milk from dairy cows by feeding ALL-G-RICH™
Authors: Moran C. A. , Morlacchini M. , Fusconi G.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of 6 g/kg dry matter intake of an unextractedAurantiochytrium limacinumalgae (AURA) in mid-lactation Italian Friesian cows under commercial conditions on milk yield, milk composition and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Cows were allocated to two groups (n = 18; 108.2 ± 66.1 and 104.4 ± 54.6 days in milk, control and treated groups, respectively). Feeding AURA for 84 d had no effect on dry matter intake, body condition score or weight gain, but did improve milk yield by 1.9 kg/cow/d (+5.4%; P < 0.1) over the course of the experiment. Milk fat concentration declined by 12% (P < 0.0001) without any significant change in 4% fat corrected milk, protein or lactose. Supplementing AURA for 12 weeks substantially altered the fatty acid profile of milk compared with milk from CON-fed cows such that the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased, omega-3 fatty acid content increased by 73.1% (P < 0.0001) and was accompanied by a favourable increase in the omega-3:6 fatty acid ratio by 75.0% (P < 0.0001). The AURA supplement, during day 7–84, increased the DHA concentration to 0.37 g /100 g milk total fatty acids (P < 0.0001) with a mean transfer efficiency of 18.1% from feed to milk. Together these results indicated that supplementing a dairy cow diet with DHA-rich microalgae is a feasible and efficient means for creating DHA-enriched milk for human consumption.
Multi-AUV Cooperative Target Search Algorithm in 3-D Underwater Workspace
Authors: Cao Xiang , Yu A-long
Published: June 2017

To improve the efficiency of multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (multi-AUV) cooperative target search in a Three-Dimensional (3D) underwater workspace, an integrated algorithm is proposed by combining a Self-Organising Map (SOM), neural network and Glasius Bioinspired Neural Network (GBNN). With this integrated algorithm, the 3D underwater workspace is first divided into subspaces dependent on the abilities of the AUV team members. After that, tasks are allocated to each subspace for an AUV by SOM. Finally, AUVs move to the assigned subspace in the shortest way and start their search task by GBNN. This integrated algorithm, by avoiding overlapping search paths and raising the coverage rate, can reduce energy consumption of the whole multi-AUV system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of guiding multi-AUV to achieve a multiple target search task with higher efficiency and adaptability compared with a more traditional bioinspired neural network algorithm.
Alternative splicing promotes tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance in African American prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Bi-Dar , Ceniccola Kristin , Hwang SuJin , Andrawis Ramez , Horvath Anelia , Freedman Jennifer A. , Olender Jacqueline , Knapp Stefan , Ching Travers , Garmire Lana , Patel Vyomesh , Garcia-Blanco Mariano A. , Patierno Steven R. , Lee Norman H.
Published: June 2017

Clinical challenges exist in reducing prostate cancer (PCa) disparities. The RNA splicing landscape of PCa across racial populations has not been fully explored as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to race-related tumour aggressiveness. Here, we identify novel genome-wide, race-specific RNA splicing events as critical drivers of PCa aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in African American (AA) men. AA-enriched splice variants ofPIK3CD,FGFR3,TSC2andRASGRP2contribute to greater oncogenic potential compared with corresponding European American (EA)-expressing variants. Ectopic overexpression of the newly cloned AA-enriched variant,PIK3CD-S, in EA PCa cell lines enhances AKT/mTOR signalling and increases proliferative and invasive capacityin vitroand confers resistance to selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101 (idelalisib), in mouse xenograft models. HighPIK3CD-Sexpression in PCa specimens associates with poor survival. These results highlight the potential of RNA splice variants to serve as novel biomarkers and molecular targets for developmental therapeutics in aggressive PCa.
Combined Magnetomotive ultrasound, PET/CT, and MR imaging of 68Ga-labelled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in rat sentinel lymph nodes in vivo
Authors: Evertsson Maria , Kjellman Pontus , Cinthio Magnus , Andersson Roger , Tran Thuy A , in’t Zandt Rene , Grafström Gustav , Toftevall Hanna , Fredriksson Sarah , Ingvar Christian , Strand Sven-Erik , Jansson Tomas
Published: June 2017

Current methods for intra-surgical guidance to localize metastases at cancer surgery are based on radioactive tracers that cause logistical challenges. We propose the use of a novel ultrasound-based method, magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) imaging that employ a nanoparticle-based contrast agent that also may be used for pre-operative PET/MRI imaging. Since MMUS is radiation free, this eliminates the dependence between pre- and intra-operative imaging and the radiation exposure for the surgical staff. This study investigates a hypothetical clinical scenario of pre-operative PET imaging, combined with intra-operative MMUS imaging, implemented in a sentinel lymph node (SLN) rat model. At one-hour post injection of 68Ga-labelled magnetic nanoparticles, six animals were imaged with combined PET/CT. After two or four days, the same animals were imaged with MMUS. In addition, ex-vivo MRI was used to evaluate the amount of nanoparticles in each single SLN. All SLNs were detectable by PET. Four out of six SLNs could be detected with MMUS, and for these MMUS and MRI measurements were in close agreement. The MRI measurements revealed that the two SLNs undetectable with MMUS contained the lowest nanoparticle concentrations. This study shows that MMUS can complement standard pre-operative imaging by providing bedside real-time images with high spatial resolution.
Mechanistic clues to the protective effect of chrysin against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: Plausible roles of p53, MAPK and AKT pathways
Authors: Mantawy Eman M. , Esmat Ahmed , El-Bakly Wesam M. , Salah ElDin Rania A. , El-Demerdash Ebtehal
Published: June 2017

Doxorubicin (DOX) is the mainstay chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of human neoplasmas. However, its clinical utility is limited by its marked cardiotoxicity. Chrysin, is a natural flavone which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of chrysin against DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either DOX (5 mg/kg, once a week) and/or chrysin (50 mg/kg, four times a week) for four weeks. Chrysin prevented DOX-induced cardiomyopathy which was evident by conduction abnormalities, elevated serum CKMB and LDH and histopathological changes. Chrysin also ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and upregulating the antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, chrysin attenuated DOX-induced apoptosis via decreasing expression of p53, Bax, Puma, Noxa, cytochrome c and caspase-3 while increasing expression of Bcl-2. DOX induced activation of MAPK; p38 and JNK and increased expression of NF-κB. Meanwhile, DOX suppressed AKT pathway via decreasing expression of its upstream activator VEGF and increasing expression of PTEN. Conversely, chrysin effectively neutralised all these effects. Collectively, these findings indicate that chrysin effectively protected against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy via suppressing oxidative stress, p53-dependent apoptotic pathway, MAPK and NF-κB pathways while augmenting the VEGF/AKT pathway.
Detection of EGFR mutation in plasma using multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Xiaozhou , Yang Tianyue , Li Caesar Siqi , Wang Deli , Song Youtao , Jin Lili
Published: June 2017

In this study, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in combination with multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to detect mutations of exons 19 and 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Through the use of multiplexed PCR, the two mutation types were amplified in a single reaction. SERS was used on the PCR products to detect mutations. DNA mixtures with increasing mutation percentages showed good linear relationship between mutation rates and peak height. Then, this PCR-SERS method was used on the plasma of 48 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to detect EGFR mutations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the peak height ratios were significant for identifying different mutation types. The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy obtained were all 100%. The proposed method was then validated through comparison with high resolution melting (HRM) and showed high concordance with HRM (Pearson correlation is 0.92). Finally, logistic regression was performed on EGFR mutation status and the clinical features of the 48 patients. Our study indicates that PCR-SERS is an effective, noninvasive, and economical method for the detection and monitoring of EGFR mutations in the plasma of patients with NSCLC.
Serum D-dimer is a potential predictor for thromboembolism complications in patients with renal biopsy
Authors: Tan Xia , Chen Guochun , Liu Yu , Zhou Letian , He Liyu , Liu Di , Liu Yexin , Zhang Fan , Li Huiqiong , Liu Hong
Published: June 2017

Renal biopsy has been widely recommended in clinic to determine the histological patterns of kidney disease. To prevent bleeding complications, patients should routinely stop anticoagulants prior to renal biopsy. However, patients with kidney disease are susceptible to thromboembolisms, particularly in those with severe hypoalbuminemia. This study was designed to investigate the application of serum D-dimer as a predictor for thrombotic events after renal biopsy. 400 consecutive native renal biopsies were prospectively included in this 2-month follow-up study. The overall incidence of bleeding and thrombotic complication is 4%, including hematuria or large perinephric hematoma (2.5%, n = 10) and thrombotic complication (1.5%, n = 6). Compared to low serum D-dimer (<2.00 μg/ml), subjects in the group of high serum D-dimer (≥2.00 μg/ml) were more incline to develop thrombotic complications (9.1% versus 0.3%; RR, 30.33; p < 0.001). D-dimer correlated positively with age (rs = 0.258, P < 0.001). Inverse correlations were found for albumin (rs = −0.339, P < 0.001). Taken together, patients with high serum D-dimer carry an increased risk of thrombotic complications after renal biopsy. Our findings suggest that serum D-dimer can serve as a potential predictor for thrombotic events in patients with kidney disease. Further cautions should be given to these subjects.
Molecular ecological network analysis reveals the effects of probiotics and florfenicol on intestinal microbiota homeostasis: An example of sea cucumber
Authors: Yang Gang , Peng Mo , Tian Xiangli , Dong Shuanglin
Published: June 2017

Animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play crucial roles in the nutrition uptake, metabolism, and the regulation of host immune responses. The intestinal microbiota homeostasis is critical for health but poorly understood. Probiotics Paracoccus marcusii DB11 and Bacillus cereus G19, and antibiotics florfenicol did not significantly impact species richness and the diversity of intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber, in comparison with those in the control group by high-throughput sequencing. Molecular ecological network analysis indicated that P. marcusii DB11 supplementation may lead to sub-module integration and the formation of a large, new sub-module, and enhance species-species interactions and connecter and module hub numbers. B. cereus G19 supplementation decreased sub-module numbers, and increased the number of species-species interactions and module hubs. Sea cucumber treated with florfenicol were shown to have only one connecter and the lowest number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and species-species interactions within the ecological network. These results suggested that P. marcusii DB11 or B. cereus G19 may promote intestinal microbiota homeostasis by improving modularity, enhancing species-species interactions and increasing the number of connecters and/or module hubs within the network. In contrast, the use of florfenicol can lead to homeostatic collapse through the deterioration of the ecological network.
Erratum: At least two Fc Neu5Gc residues of monoclonal antibodies are required for binding to anti-Neu5Gc antibody
Authors: Yu Chuanfei , Gao Kai , Zhu Lei , Wang Wenbo , Wang Lan , Zhang Feng , Liu Chunyu , Li Meng , Wormald Mark R. , Rudd Pauline M. , Wang Junzhi
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20029; published online: 29 January 2016; updated: 30 June 2017. The original HTML version of this Article listed an incorrect volume number. This has now been corrected in the HTML version; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Erratum: Ground state potential energy surfaces around selected atoms from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Schreck Simon , Pietzsch Annette , Kennedy Brian , Såthe Conny , Miedema Piter S. , Techert Simone , Strocov Vladimir N. , Schmitt Thorsten , Hennies Franz , Rubensson Jan-Erik , Föhlisch Alexander
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20054; published online: 29 January 2016; updated: 30 June 2017. The original HTML version of this Article listed an incorrect volume number. This has now been corrected in the HTML version; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Correction: Corrigendum: What drives phenotypic divergence in Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) on large-scale gradient, climate or genetic differentiation?
Authors: Yuan Shan , Ma Linna , Guo Chengyuan , Wang Renzhong
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 26288; published online: 19 May 2016; updated: 30 June 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the title of the paper, where the word “drives” was incorrectly given as “drivers”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions ofthe Article.
Correction: Corrigendum: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) –based score can predict in-hospital mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Huang Ya-Ting , Tseng Yuan-Teng , Chu Tung-Wei , Chen John , Lai Min-Yu , Tang Woung-Ru , Shiao Chih-Chung
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 29590; published online: 14 July 2016; updated: 30 June 2017 In this Article, Affiliation 7 was incorrectly listed as ‘Saint Mary’s Medicine, Nursing and Management College. No. 100, Ln. 265, Sec. 2, Sanxing Rd., Sanxing Township, Yilan County 266, Taiwan, R.O.C’.
An enzyme-mediated competitive colorimetric sensor based on Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of disease biomarkers
Authors: Yin Binfeng , Zheng Wenshu , Dong Mingling , Yu Wenbo , Chen Yiping , Joo Sang Woo , Jiang Xingyu
Published: June 2017

An Au@Ag nanosensor for highly sensitive, qualitative and quantitative immunoassays.
“Inverted” porphyrins: a distorted adsorption geometry of free-base porphyrins on Cu(111)
Authors: Lepper Michael , Köbl Julia , Schmitt Tobias , Gurrath Martin , de Siervo Abner , Schneider M. Alexander , Steinrück Hans-Peter , Meyer Bernd , Marbach Hubertus , Hieringer Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

Peculiar “inverted” intramolecular conformation of a free-base porphyrin due to specific attractive molecule–substrate interaction.
A facile synthesis of novel near-infrared pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY luminogens with aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics
Authors: Li Lanqing , Wang Lingyun , Tang Hao , Cao Derong
Published: June 2017

Two novel near-infrared pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY luminogens (PPAB-2 and PPAB-3) with aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics were conveniently synthesized.
Gold-loaded nanoporous superparamagnetic nanocubes for catalytic signal amplification in detecting miRNA
Authors: Kamal Masud Mostafa , Islam Md. Nazmul , Haque Md. Hakimul , Tanaka Shunsuke , Gopalan Vinod , Alici Gursel , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Lam Alfred K. , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: June 2017

A nonenzymatic, amplification-free, and sensitive method for microRNA detection is reported using Au@NPFe2O3NC nanocubes.
GSH-Responsive supramolecular nanoparticles constructed by β-d-galactose-modified pillar[5]arene and camptothecin prodrug for targeted anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Liu Xin , Shao Wei , Zheng Yanjing , Yao Chenhao , Peng Luming , Zhang Dongmei , Hu Xiao-Yu , Wang Leyong
Published: June 2017

GSH-Responsive CPT-based supramolecular prodrug nanoparticles with galactoce pendants were fabricated, which showed targeting ability towards HepG2 cells.
The influence of polyanion molecular weight on polyelectrolyte multilayers at surfaces: protein adsorption and protein–polysaccharide complexation/stripping on natural polysaccharide films on solid supports
Authors: Benbow Natalie L. , Webber Jessie L. , Karpiniec Sam , Krasowska Marta , Ferri James K. , Beattie David A.
Published: June 2017

Two different fucoidan polymers have been used to create substrates for protein adsorption studies.
Interaction of organic compounds with chondritic silicate surfaces. Atomistic insights from quantum chemical periodic simulations
Authors: Rimola Albert , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. , Martins Zita
Published: June 2017

Interaction of organic compounds present in meteorites with mafic silicates has been studied by means of B3LYP-D2* periodic simulations.
Action spectra in semiconductor photocatalysis
Authors: Lee Soo-Keun , Mills Andrew , O'Rourke Christopher
Published: June 2017

Factors influencing action spectra in photocatalysis.
Carbon dots as photosensitisers for solar-driven catalysis
Authors: Hutton Georgina A. M. , Martindale Benjamin C. M. , Reisner Erwin
Published: June 2017

This tutorial review discusses the rational development of structurally distinct carbon dots and their application in photocatalytic fuel synthesis.
Design and modeling of electrode networks for code-division multiplexed resistive pulse sensing in microfluidic devices
Authors: Liu Ruxiu , Waheed Waqas , Wang Ningquan , Civelekoglu Ozgun , Boya Mert , Chu Chia-Heng , Sarioglu A. Fatih
Published: June 2017

The analysis of Microfluidic CODES, a code-multiplexed resistive-pulse sensor network for electrical acquisition of spatiotemporal particle manipulation on microfluidic devices.
A novel cationic iridium(iii) complex with a thiorhodamine-based auxiliary ligand: application for luminescent and colorimetric detection of Hg2+in an aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Meng Guoyun , Tang Huaijun , Ye Yanchun , Sun Riyong , Chen Mingxian , Wang Kai-Min
Published: June 2017

Detecting Hg2+in an aqueous solution with detection limits of 16 ppb by luminescence detection and 80 ppb by absorption detection.
Oxidative coupling of tetraalkynyltin with aldehydes leading to alkynyl ketones
Authors: Levashov Andrey S. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Aksenova Inna V. , Konshin Valeriy V.
Published: June 2017

A small library of acetylenic ketones was synthesized by the reaction of tetraalkynyltin reagents with aldehydes.
Semiconductor plasmon-sensitized broadband upconversion and its enhancement effect on the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhou Donglei , Liu Dali , Jin Junjie , Chen Xu , Xu Wen , Yin Ze , Pan Gencai , Li Dongyu , Song Hongwei
Published: June 2017

Semiconductor plasmon-sensitized broadband upconversion was used to enhance the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Adaptive skin detection using face location and facial structure estimation
Authors: Luo Yong , Guan Ye‐Peng
Published: June 2017

Reliable and accurate facial skin extraction is the most critical and urgent issue for adaptive skin detection. Aiming at resolving this issue, the authors propose an adaptive skin detection method using face location and facial structure estimation. The face location algorithm is developed to improve the reliability of face detection and extract a face region with a high proportion of skin. Facial structure estimation is exploited to further reduce the impact of non‐skin factors on dynamic skin colour modelling. The colour space distribution model of extracted facial skin is very close to that of real facial skin. Finally, the skin in an image is obtained by using a hybrid colour space strategy. Extensive experimental comparisons with some state‐of‐the‐art methods have shown the superior performance of the proposed method.
High‐order Markov random field for single depth image super‐resolution
Authors: Shabaninia Elham , Naghsh‐Nilchi Ahmad Reza , Kasaei Shohreh
Published: June 2017

Although there is an increasing interest in employing the depth data in computer vision applications, the spatial resolution of depth maps is still limited compared with typical visible‐light images. A novel method is proposed to synthetically improve the spatial resolution of a single depth image. It integrates the higher‐order terms into the Markov random field (MRF) formulation of example‐based methods in order to improve the representational power of those methods. The inference is performed by approximately minimising the higher‐order multi‐label MRF energies. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the inference algorithm, a hierarchical scheme on the number of MRF states is proposed. First, a large number of states are used to obtain an initial labelling by solving the minimisation problem of inference for only the first‐order energies. Then, the problem is solved for the higher‐order energies in a smaller number of states. Performance comparisons show that proposed method improves the results of first‐order approaches that are based on simple four‐connected MRF graph structure, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Research on analytical bearing capacity model of active magnetic bearings based on magnetic saturation
Authors: Wang Dongxiong , Wang Nianxian , Ye Chun , Chen Kuisheng
Published: June 2017

Researches on active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are mainly based on equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method with the assumption that there is no magnetic saturation in magnetic circuit. However, this assumption about magnetic saturation is no longer valid for special solutions, such as aero‐engines. In this case, limitations exist for the application of EMC method. This research focuses on an analytical bearing capacity model for AMBs based on a non‐linear magnetic circuit method (NMCM) with magnetic saturation taken into account. First, the error factors of EMC method are analysed by using finite element analysis software when the air gap increased. Then, aiming at the main factors, including fringing flux, flux leakage and magnetic saturation, the air‐gap magnetic flux model and the flux leakage model are developed based on the magnetic field division method. On this basis, a NMCM based on magnetic saturation is proposed to create the analytical bearing capacity model of AMBs. Additionally, the analytical model is verified by comparing with the results of finite element analysis and experiments. Eventually, the analytical model of hybrid magnetic bearing with single degree of freedom based on NMCM is verified by experiments.
Direct digital design of a sliding mode‐based control of a PWM synchronous buck converter
Authors: Vidal‐Idiarte Enric , Marcos‐Pastor Adria , Giral Roberto , Calvente Javier , Martinez‐Salamero Luis
Published: June 2017

A discrete‐time sliding mode approach allowing direct digital design of a pulse width modulation (PWM) control of a synchronous buck converter is presented in this study. Without the need of a compensating ramp, a non‐linear difference equation representing the output voltage dynamic behaviour is employed to demonstrate the global stability of the internal control loop of the inductor current. Discrete‐time small‐signal model is derived from the linearisation of the ideal sliding‐mode equations, which facilitates the design of the output voltage controller. This model exhibits a zero whose value depends on the operating point coordinates and explains the duty cycle delay associated to digitally PWM controlled converters. The validity of the transfer function is demonstrated through simulation by comparing its frequency behaviour with that obtained from the more accurate switched model of the converter. Experimental results for start‐up, load and line perturbations, current and voltage reference variations in a 25 W prototype switching at 100 kHz are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Galactic winds with MUSE: A direct detection of Fe ii* emission from a z = 1.29 galaxy
Authors: Finley Hayley , Bouché Nicolas , Contini Thierry , Epinat Benoît , Bacon Roland , Brinchmann Jarle , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Erroz-Ferrer Santiago , Marino Raffaella Anna , Maseda Michael , Richard Johan , Schroetter Ilane , Verhamme Anne , Weilbacher Peter M. , Wendt Martin , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: June 2017

Emission signatures from galactic winds provide an opportunity to directly map the outflowing gas, but this is traditionally challenging because of the low surface brightness. Using very deep observations (27 h) of the Hubble Deep Field South with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument, we identify signatures of an outflow in both emission and absorption from a spatially resolved galaxy at z = 1.29 with a stellar mass M⋆ = 8 × 109M⊙, star formation rate SFR = 77+40-25 M⊙ yr-1, and star formation rate surface brightness ΣSFR = 1.6M⊙ kpc-2 within the [Oii] λλ3727,3729 half-light radius R1/2, [OII] = 2.76 ± 0.17 kpc. From a component of the strong resonant Mg ii and Fe ii absorptions at −350 km s-1, we infer a mass outflow rate that is comparable to the star formation rate. We detect non-resonant Fe ii* emission, at λ2365, λ2396, λ2612, and λ2626, at 1.2−2.4−1.5−2.7 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 respectively. The flux ratios are consistent with the expectations for optically thick gas. By combining the four non-resonant Fe ii* emission lines, we spatially map the Fe ii* emission from an individual galaxy for the first time. The Fe ii* emission has an elliptical morphology that is roughly aligned with the galaxy minor kinematic axis, and its integrated half-light radius, R1/2, Fe ii ∗ =4.1 ± 0.4 kpc, is 70% larger than the stellar continuum (R1/2,⋆ ≃2.34 ± 0.17) or the [Oii] nebular line. Moreover, the Fe ii* emission shows a blue wing extending up to −400 km s-1, which is more pronounced along the galaxy minor kinematic axis and reveals a C-shaped pattern in a p−v diagram along that axis. These features are consistent with a bi-conical outflow.
Recurrent Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in an Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Neonate
Authors: Davidson Jennifer , Polly Samantha , Hayes Peter , Fisher Kristopher , Talati Ajay , Patel Tejesh
Published: June 2017

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in premature infants is a rare condition. We present SSSS in an extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infant with recurrent and confirmed bacterial sepsis. We present it to emphasize the importance for clinicians to not only recognize the clinical manifestations of SSSS, but also the need to closely monitor infants, especially very low-birth-weight (VLBW) and ELBW infants with SSSS for recurrence and bacterial sepsis. SSSS in preterm infants is a potentially lethal condition and early recognition and appropriate supportive care could be life-saving.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects against Homocysteine-Induced Brain Damage in Rats
Authors: Wang Lili , Tian Xuan
Published: June 2017

High levels of homocysteine are implicated in many neurovascular and neurodegeneration diseases. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), one of green tea polyphenols, has potential anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it has not been explored whether EGCG has an effect on homocysteine-induced neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on memory deficit, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and neurodegeneration in hyper-homocysteinemic rats after a 2 wk homocysteine injection by vena caudalis. We found that supplementation of EGCG could rescue deficit of spatial memory induced by homocysteine. Treatment of EGCG significantly reduced the expression of malondialdehyde, glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β and increased glutathione level in the homocysteine-treated group. In TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Fluoro-Jade B staining, supplementation of EGCG could attenuate the apoptotic neurons and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, EGCG significantly ameliorated homocysteine-induced cerebrovascular injury. Our data suggest that EGCG could be a promising candidate for arresting homocysteine-induced neurodegeneration and neuro-inflammation in the brain.
Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of nanoconfined fluids at solid-liquid interfaces
Authors: Morciano M. , Fasano M. , Nold A. , Braga C. , Yatsyshin P. , Sibley D. N. , Goddard B. D. , Chiavazzo E. , Asinari P. , Kalliadasis S.
Published: June 2017

We investigate the hydrodynamic properties of a Lennard-Jones fluid confined to a nanochannel using molecular dynamics simulations. For channels of different widths and hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface wetting properties, profiles of the fluid density, stress, and viscosity across the channel are obtained and analysed. In particular, we propose a linear relationship between the density and viscosity in confined and strongly inhomogeneous nanofluidic flows. The range of validity of this relationship is explored in the context of coarse grained models such as dynamic density functional-theory.
How good is the generalized Langevin equation to describe the dynamics of photo-induced electron transfer in fluid solution?
Authors: Angulo Gonzalo , Jedrak Jakub , Ochab-Marcinek Anna , Pasitsuparoad Pakorn , Radzewicz Czesław , Wnuk Paweł , Rosspeintner Arnulf
Published: June 2017

The dynamics of unimolecular photo-triggered reactions can be strongly affected by the surrounding medium for which a large number of theoretical descriptions have been used in the past. An accurate description of these reactions requires knowing the potential energy surface and the friction felt by the reactants. Most of these theories start from the Langevin equation to derive the dynamics, but there are few examples comparing it with experiments. Here we explore the applicability of a Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) with an arbitrary potential and a non-Markovian friction. To this end, we have performed broadband fluorescence measurements with sub-picosecond time resolution of a covalently linked organic electron donor-acceptor system in solvents of changing viscosity and dielectric permittivity. In order to establish the free energy surface (FES) of the reaction, we resort to stationary electronic spectroscopy. On the other hand, the dynamics of a non-reacting substance, Coumarin 153, provide the calibrating tool for the non-Markovian friction over the FES, which is assumed to be solute independent. A simpler and computationally faster approach uses the Generalized Smoluchowski Equation (GSE), which can be derived from the GLE for pure harmonic potentials. Both approaches reproduce the measurements in most of the solvents reasonably well. At long times, some differences arise from the errors inherited from the analysis of the stationary solvatochromism and at short times from the excess excitation energy. However, whenever the dynamics become slow, the GSE shows larger deviations than the GLE, the results of which always agree qualitatively with the measured dynamics, regardless of the solvent viscosity or dielectric properties. The method applied here can be used to predict the dynamics of any other reacting system, given the FES parameters and solvent dynamics are provided. Thus no fitting parameters enter the GLE simulations, within the applicability limits found for the model in this work.
Twin domains in epitaxial thin MnSi layers on Si(111)
Authors: Trabel M. , Tarakina N. V. , Pohl C. , Constantino J. A. , Gould C. , Brunner K. , Molenkamp L. W.
Published: June 2017

Thin layers of MnSi, the first discovered host material of a skyrmion lattice, are epitaxially grown on Si(111) and their crystal properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Azimuthal ϕ -scans of asymmetric X-ray reflections reveal the formation of twinned domains with their unit cell rotated ±30° in plane with respect to the Si unit cell. The intensities of corresponding reflections indicate the same volume fractions for both domain types. Cross-sectional TEM confirms the presence of these domains and reveals a typical domain size of about 200 nm.
Influence of local structural distortions on magnetism and spin-phonon coupling of multiferroic spinel chalcogenide
Authors: Behera P. Suchismita , Kumar Dhirendra , Sathe V. G. , Bhobe P. A.
Published: June 2017

The direct Cr–Cr and Cr-Se-Cr exchange interactions and the associated spin-phonon coupling are crucial for the much envisaged multiferroicity in CdCr2Se4 spinel chalcogenide. The static chemical disorder created by the Sn4+ substitution at the Cd2+ site in CdCr2Se4 affects the local crystal structure around Cr-ions, and hence its magnetism. Although the spinel structure is maintained, the trends in lattice parameters are not a linear function of increasing Sn concentration. The magnetic properties are patterned after the trend in lattice parameters but in the opposite direction. Hence, a detailed investigation into the changing local crystal structure of Cd1−xSnxCr2Se4 for (0 ≤x≤ 0.1) using EXAFS and XRD was carried out. Variation in the Cr–Se and Cr–Cr bonding is traced across the changing Sn-content. Raman spectroscopy probes the thermal excitations coupled with spin waves across the magnetic ordering temperature. The synchrotron x-ray diffraction results further complement the inference drawn from Raman studies. Our results highlight the significance of an intricate balance between spin and lattice degrees of freedom in controlling the magnetoelasticity and, hence, the spin-phonon coupling in CdCr2Se4.
Comparisons and applications of four independent numerical approaches for linear gyrokinetic drift modes
Authors: Xie H. S. , Li Y. Y. , Lu Z. X. , Ou W. K. , Li B.
Published: June 2017

To help reveal the complete picture of linear kinetic drift modes, four independent numerical approaches, based on the integral equation, Euler initial value simulation, Euler matrix eigenvalue solution, and Lagrangian particle simulation, respectively, are used to solve the linear gyrokinetic electrostatic drift mode equation in Z-pinch with slab simplification and in tokamak with a ballooning space coordinate. We identify that these approaches can yield the same solution with the difference smaller than 1%, and the discrepancies mainly come from the numerical convergence, which is the first detailed benchmark of four independent numerical approaches for gyrokinetic linear drift modes. Using these approaches, we find that the entropy mode and interchange mode are on the same branch in Z-pinch, and the entropy mode can have both electron and ion branches. And, at a strong gradient, more than one eigenstate of the ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) can be unstable and the most unstable one can be on non-ground eigenstates. The propagation of ITGs from ion to electron diamagnetic direction at strong gradient is also observed, which implies that the propagation direction is not a decisive criterion for the experimental diagnosis of turbulent mode at the edge plasmas.
Experimental demonstration of a 5th harmonic mm-wave frequency multiplying vacuum tube
Authors: Toufexis Filippos , Tantawi Sami G. , Jensen Aaron , Dolgashev Valery A. , Haase Andrew , Fazio Michael V. , Borchard Philipp
Published: June 2017

We report the experimental demonstration of a 5th harmonic mm-wave frequency multiplying vacuum electronic device, which uses an over-moded spherical sector output cavity. In this device, a pencil electron beam is helically deflected in a transverse deflecting cavity before entering the output cavity. No magnetic field is required to focus or guide the beam. We built and tested a proof-of-principle device with an output frequency of 57.12 GHz. The measured peak power was 52.67 W at the 5th harmonic of the drive frequency. Power at the 4th, 6th, and 7th harmonics was 33.28 dB lower than that at the 5th harmonic.
Dual wavelength two-photon absorption in two-beam laser direct writing silver nanowire and the conductivity enhancement
Authors: He Gui-Cang , Zheng Mei-Ling , Dong Xian-Zi , Liu Jie , Jin Feng , Zhao Zhen-Sheng
Published: June 2017

In this work, a phenomenon of dual wavelength two-photon absorption is found in the process of silver nanowire (AgNW) fabrication using the two-beam laser direct writing technique. The resistivity of the AgNW is decreased and stabilized by the electrical current Joule heating annealing process to 8.0 × 10−8 Ω·m. The flexibility of the AgNW is very excellent because the resistance of the AgNW increased only about 2.2 Ω after the stretched bending and compressed bending. The two-beam laser direct writing technique not only could be used to fabricate conductive nanowire on flexible substrate but also helps to understand the process of two-photon absorption with dual wavelength photons.
Note: Deep UV-pump THz-probe spectroscopy of the excess electron in water
Authors: Berger Arian , Savolainen Janne , Shalit Andrey , Hamm Peter
Published: June 2017

In the work of Savolainen et al. [Nat. Chem. 6, 697 (2014)], we studied the excess (hydrated) electron in water with the help of transient THz spectroscopy, which is a sensitive probe of its delocalization length. In that work, we used laser pulses at 800 nm, 400 nm, and 267 nm for photoionization. While the detachment mechanism for 400 nm and 267 nm is complicated and requires a concerted nuclear rearrangement, we provided evidence that 800 nm pumping excites the excess electron directly and vertically into the conduction band, despite a highly nonlinear field-ionization process. In the present note, we extend that work to 200 nm pumping, which provides a much cleaner way to reach the conduction band. We show that the detachment pathways upon 200 nm and 800 nm pumping are in essence the same, as indicated by the same initial size of the electron wavefunction and the same time scales for the collapse of the wavefunction and geminate recombination.
Rhetoric, argumentation, and persuasion in a multimodal perspective
Authors: Roque Georges
Published: June 2017

The study of multimodal argumentation and rhetoric raises difficult issues due to the hegemony of the verbal in argumentation and rhetoric. From this point of view, it is not sufficient to say that such study implies the analysis of the “interactions” between verbal and iconic elements, since their contribution to multimodality is hardly balanced. This chapter addresses two issues: First, the relationship between rhetoric and argumentation. Based upon a discussion of authors who have tried to fill the gap between rhetoric and argumentation, it would seem that rhetoric could be useful for argumentation thanks to the persuasiveness that it provides. However, if images are persuasive, can they also be argumentative? Second, the relationship between verbal and visual rhetoric will be discussed from the debate in French-speaking countries between “transpositionists” and “antitranspositionists.” This issue can be resolved if we consider that rhetoric is not intrinsically linguistic, but that it consists rather of cognitive operations that can be realised both verbally and visually.
The rhetorical and argumentative potentials of press photography
Authors: Kjeldsen Jens E.
Published: June 2017

This chapter demonstrates the rhetorical and argumentative potentials of press photographs. More specifically, it examines photographs of the terrorist attacks on the USA on 9/11, 2001, and photographs of the Syrian toddler, Aylan Kurdi, who drowned during the migrant crisis in Europe in autumn of 2015. The chapter examines how these photographs exhibit argumentative dimensions and are used in argumentative ways in specific situations. A rhetorical, situational and textual-contextual approach demonstrates how a 9/11 photograph performed epideictic rhetorical functions, and how the images of Aylan Kurdi performed deliberative rhetorical functions. The chapter also examines the counter-argumentation to the Aylan Kurdi images and the widespread appropriation of the images into new argumentative forms.
Perspective by incongruity
Authors: van den Hoven Paul , Schilperoord Joost
Published: June 2017

In this chapter, we identify the visual structures of cartoons that enable cartoonists to evoke visual argumentation. For a cartoon to convey opinions or opinions with arguments, a prerequisite is that its visual (or verbal) structures evoke some kind of incongruity. We demonstrate how a particular class of cartoons – ones we call multi-domain cartoons, evoke such incongruities and how the readers, in order to resolve these incongruities, build argumentative interpretations. These kinds of interpretations relate systematically to the cartoon’s multi-domain structure and to the kinds of foreknowledge competent and reasonable readers are assumed to bring to the task of grasping a cartoon’s meaning. Because cartoons constitute a highly contextualized rhetorical genre, visual and verbal structures reveal the specific foreknowledge anticipated by the cartoonist. This qualifies argumentative interpretations based on foreknowledge as deliberate. We therefore conclude that the perceived argumentation is not invented by the audience, but anticipated by the cartoonist.
The argumentative relevance of visual and multimodal antithesis in Frederick Wiseman’s documentaries
Authors: Tseronis Assimakis , Forceville Charles
Published: June 2017

In this chapter we argue that certain salient contrasts that Frederick Wiseman presents non-verbally and multimodally in his Direct Cinema documentaries can be understood as antitheses that play an argumentative role. In this type of documentary, which renounces the use of voice-over narration and music, a filmmaker has to rely on cinematography and editing in combination with participants’ spoken language to guide viewers’ interpretations. We argue that the ways in which certain sequences and shots are filmed and edited as well as the way dialogue, image, and sound combine within the shot create multimodal meanings that can be accounted for in terms of antithesis and can thereby contribute to the argument developed by the filmmaker. We focus on instances of visual and multimodal antithesis in five of Wiseman’s early films (Titicut Follies, High School, Hospital, Juvenile Court, and Primate) and one later film (Zoo).
Employing film form and style in the argumentative analysis of political advertising
Authors: Hoem Iversen Magnus
Published: June 2017

In this chapter I propose incorporating concepts from film studies in order to better analyze multimodal argumentation in audio-visual texts. I do so by examining the argumentation of a particular advertisement appealing to fear. The core argument in the chapter is that argumentation studies can benefit from appropriating or importing methods and concepts from film studies in order to supplement the interpretation and analysis of argumentation in moving images. In the chapter, I introduce a selection of methods and concepts from film analysis before exemplifying how they can be employed through describing the film style of a political ad produced by a Swedish right wing populist party.
Counting citizens: the transfer and translation of census categories from the international statistical congresses to the principality of Bulgaria (1872–1888)
Authors: Lonergan Gayle
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the nineteenth-century census as an early information technology and a medium for the transnational exchange of ideas in the nineteenth century. In particular, it considers how the ideas discussed by the International Statistical Congresses were directly applied in the newly established kingdom of Bulgaria in the first censuses from 1881 to 1888. It then examines how the legacy of Ottoman rule and the categories of the nineteenth-century Ottoman censuses unconsciously influenced the first census of Bulgaria, despite the desire of the new rulers to mark a significant break with the past. It also demonstrates how the nationalist feeling in the multiethnic former territory of the Ottoman Empire influenced the seemingly neutral categories of the first census. These categories then began to produce an implicit representation of the ideal Bulgarian citizen and so started the process of exclusion of the Turkish-speaking or Muslim population from full membership of the new body politic.
A modernist beyond modernization theory: Walker Connor and his time
Authors: Conversi Daniele
Published: June 2017

Walker Connor (1926–2017) was one of the finest twentieth-century thinkers in political science and a pioneer in the study of nationalism, having helped to identify some of the key issues and problems in his area of study. First and foremost, he finely diagnosed the misuse of the predominant terminology at the time; this was pervaded by the simplistic “modernization paradigm” with its unilinear vision of progress and unshakable faith in state-led “nation building” – which Connor elegantly dismantled (Connor 1969, 1972, 1978). Some of his most influential articles were collected in the bookEthnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding(Connor 1994).
RNA gets in phase
Authors: Saha Shambaditya , Hyman Anthony A.
Published: June 2017

Several neurological disorders are linked to tandem nucleotide repeat expansion in the mutated gene. Jain and Vale (2017. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22386) show that, above a pathological threshold repeat number, base pairing interactions drive phase separation of RNA into membrane-less gels, suggesting that RNA can scaffold the assembly of phase-separated compartments that sequester proteins/RNAs causing toxicity.