bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXAMINATION OF THE QUESTIONS USED IN SCIENCE LESSONS AND ARGUMENTATION LEVELS OF STUDENTS
Authors: Erdogan Ibrahim , Ciftci Ayse , Topcu Mustafa Sami
Published: April 2021

In this research the argumentation levels of the 5th, 6th and 7th grade students and the questions of the teachers and students were examined. The sample group of the research was selected according to the homogeneous sampling method. This research is a descriptive research. The data were collected by using a voice recorder. The data of this research were evaluated according to the descriptive analysis approach. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the students used Level 1 argumentation which has the lowest quality more frequently in comparison with the higher ones and used the claim component more than other arguments and did not use the backing, qualifier, and rebuttal components. Furthermore, it was found that the questioning rates of the teachers were higher in comparison with the students and the questions of the teachers and students were usually at the levels of remembering and understanding. One of the factors that caused the argumentation level of the students to be low may have been that the teachers asked questions which were oriented to remembering. Therefore, the high level questions that ensure the initiation and continuation of the argumentation process should be inquired in the lessons.
Keywords: argumentation level, teachers and students’ questions, science lessons, middle school students.
Криміногенні явища податкової злочинності
Authors: Гмирін А. А.
Published: April 2021

У цій статті зазначено, що формування державної стратегії запобігання податковим злочинам ґрунтується на тезисі, що ухилення від сплати податків, зборів, обов’язкових платежів є суспільно небезпечними діяннями, які порушують встановлений законодавством порядок оподаткування та призводять до зменшення дохідної частини державного бюджету. Зазначено, що вина є основною ознакою для кожного злочину. Вказується, що без всебічного вивчення та аналізу кримінологічної характеристики злочинів діяльність з їх запобігання не може бути комплексною, системною та науково обґрунтованою, а тому навряд чи стане ефективною та здатною забезпечити бажані результати. Податкова злочинність є одним з найбільш небезпечних видів економічної злочинності, що зазначається надзвичайно високим рівнем та латентністю, коефіцієнтами злочинної діяльності й активності, має міцну тенденцію до поширення у тяжких формах і значних сумах, становить основне джерело відтворення тіньової економіки України.
Вплив державної політики України на формування системи запобігання злочинності
Authors: Дідківська Г. В.
Published: April 2021

У цій статті констатується, що планомірне запобігання злочинності пов’язується з кримінологічною політикою спеціально-кримінологічного характеру, а також шляхом запобігання конкретним кримінальним правопорушенням. Зазначено, що, на відміну від кримінально-правової, кримінологічна політика не передбачає прийняття і застосування норм кримінального законодавства. Вказується, що політика запобігання злочинів реалізується на основі кримінологічного прогнозування і планування з урахуванням соціальної та економічної ситуації, що постійно змінюється. Кримінологічною політикою використовується найбільш обґрунтована з соціально-політичних позицій або визначається відповідно до неї нова теорія запобігання злочинності, під впливом якої розробляються форми, завдання, зміст, принципи діяльності держави у сфері нерепресивного напряму запобігання злочинності.
Механізм забезпечення прав засуджених відповідно до практики Європейського суду з прав людини
Authors: Лугіна Н. А. , Волощук В. О.
Published: April 2021

У статті проаналізовано міжнародні конвенції, що забезпечують права і свободи засуджених, перелічено питання, що виникають під час застосування міжнародних конвенцій, та досліджено практику Європейського суду з прав людини щодо засуджених в Україні. Встановлено, що основною проблемою є засудження осіб за порушення права, не захищеного Конвенцією та протоколами до неї. Визначено, що сьогодні існують громадські організації, що допомагають засудженим у процесі звернення до Суду.
Проблемні аспекти призначення та проведення судово психіатричної експертизи
Authors: Кузьменко А. В. , Катеринчук Б. К.
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено розгляду особливостей призначення та проведення судово- психіатричної експертизи. Розкрито важливість інституту примусових заходів медичного характеру в контексті розбудови правової держави. Проведено аналіз відповідних норм законодавства, що регулюють порядок призначення судово-психіатричної експертизи та процедуру здійснення психіатричних досліджень. Виділено основні категорії фактичних підстав та інформаційних джерел, які вказують на доцільність проведення судово- психіатричної експертизи.

Надано характеристику предмета судово-психіатричної експертизи, розглянуто її поняття та зміст. У статті також міститься аналіз основних юридичних та фактичних підстав проведення відповідного дослідження психічного стану особи.

Підкреслено важливість дотримання процесуального порядку призначення судово- психіатричної експертизи відповідно до вимог чинного кримінального процесуального законодавства України.

Приділено увагу також окремим аспектам самого процесу дослідження психологічного стану особи, щодо якої вирішується питання про застосування примусових заходів медичного характеру. У статті наведено перелік питань стосовно важливих моментів та особливостей життя особи, щодо якої вирішується питання про застосування примусових заходів медичного характеру, які обов’язково повинні бути досліджені відповідальною особою (від психотипу такої особи і до її наявності фізичних вад та травм, що можуть впливати на психічний стан людини).

Наголошено на важливості ретельної підготовки дослідження з метою отримання повного, всебічного та обґрунтованого висновку, який має містити інформацію про ступінь і характер психічного захворювання такої особи, оскільки наслідком може бути застосування відповідних процесуальних заходів.

Надано характеристику висновку судово-психіатричної експертизи (акт судово- психіатричної експертизи) як одного з основних джерел доказів у справі, у якій вирішується питання щодо осудності / неосудності особи. Наведено перелік положень, що він має містити, та вимоги щодо його змісту та форми. Наголошено на особистій відповідальності осіб, якими було складено та підписано акт судово-психіатричної експертизи за його зміст.

Ще раз наголошено на необхідності дотримання вимог відповідного законодавства на всіх етапах проведення вказаної процесуальної дії.

Зроблено відповідні висновки щодо спірних моментів, які можуть виникати у процесі проведення психіатричної експертизи та психологічних досліджень.
Криміналістичні аспекти розшуку викраденого і такого, що зник з місця події, автотранспорту
Authors: Деркач Є. І.
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням розшуку викраденого і такого, що зник з місця події, автотранспорту. Наголошено, що з криміналістичних позицій автотранспорт необхідно розглядати як інтегровану систему, що поєднує в собі істотні ознаки різних якостей (наприклад, предмета або знаряддя вчинення правопорушення), які знаходять прояв під час взаємодії з різними формами кримінальної активності. Розшук автотранспорту становить складову методик розслідування злочинів, пов’язаних з порушеннями правил безпеки руху й експлуатації транспорту та розслідування злочинів проти власності. Підкреслено наявність спільних рис здійснюваних розшукових заходів, які дозволяють розробити універсальний механізм організації та здійснення розшуку автотранспорту під час розслідування різних правопорушень. Спільні риси знаходять своє відображення на рівні слідчих ситуацій, версій та елементів криміналістичної характеристики таких злочинних правопорушень.
Кримінальна відповідальність за незаконне збагачення в Україні
Authors: Драган О. В. , Козачина С. С.
Published: April 2021

У статті обґрунтовано актуальність кримінологічного дослідження незаконного збагачення, визначено мету та завдання. Встановлено достатній обсяг наукових праць щодо незаконного збагачення в аспекті кримінального права, проте недостатність дослідження кримінологічної характеристики та попередження цього злочину зумовлює вибір теми.
Особливості притягнення до відповідальності під час здійснення електронного податкового аудиту
Authors: Репеха Н. І.
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню поняття «електронний аудит» як окремої правової категорії, дослідженню доктринальних підходів щодо зазначеного поняття. Проведено аналіз правового забезпечення передумов формування доктринальних понять застосування електронного аудиту, фактичного правого забезпечення окремих складових цілісної системи аудиту.
Зарубіжний досвід правового забезпечення реалізації проєктів єдиного медичного простору
Authors: Чеховська І. В.
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню правового забезпечення реалізації проєктів єдиного медичного простору. На основні аналізу зарубіжного досвіду встановлено зміст поняття «єдиний медичний простів», виокремлено елементи універсальної системи охорони здоров’я. Доведено, що нерівність у доступі до медичних послуг і медикаментів є результатом об’єктивних і суб’єктивних чинників. Зроблено висновок, що подолання нерівності у доступі до медичних послуг і медикаментів залежить від спрямування національних урядів на реформування національних систем охорони здоров’я з акцентуванням уваги на формування і запровадження медичного страхування, а також чіткого визначення джерел стабільного фінансування галузі. Доведено доцільність запровадження універсальної системи охорони здоров’я в Україні.
Визначення чинників, що негативно впливають на ефективність адміністративно-процедурної діяльності у сфері примусового виконання судових рішень
Authors: Крупнова Л. В. , Литвин Н. А.
Published: April 2021

У статті досліджуються проблемні питання, пов’язані з визначенням чинників, що негативно впливають на ефективність адміністративно-процедурної діяльності у сфері примусового виконання судових рішень.

На підставі аналізу нормативно-правових актів, що стосуються реформування системи органів юстиції та судочинства, виокремлено чинники, що впливають на ефективність виконавчого провадження та його окремих процедур, зокрема: неефективність державного управління та непрофесійність влади; недосконалість методів і форм забезпечення виконання судових рішень та рішень інших органів; корумпованість влади; неможливість проведення виконавчих дій у населених пунктах, на території яких органи державної влади тимчасово не здійснюють свої повноваження, а також територіях, розташованих на лінії зіткнення; нерозвиненість механізмів міжнародного співробітництва у сфері виконання судових рішень та рішень інших органів.
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Lethal Duo
Authors: Kadel Arun , Thakur Kartikesh Kumar , Rauniyar Binay Kumar , Adhikari Rakesh Bahadur , Limbu Deepak , Malla Rabi
Published: April 2021

Diabetes Ketoacidosis in association with acute myocardial infarction is quite frequent but is also associated with higher morbidity and mortality. These two can trigger each other, different hypothesis have been proposed to explain this phenomenon but still it is difficult to know which one appears first. We report a referred case to our centre with acute Myocardial Infarction and diabetic ketoacidosis promptly initiated treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis along with primary PCI. Keywords: Cardiogenic shock; diabetic ketoacidosis; metabolic acidosis; myocardial Infarction
A Case of Fatal Electrocution in Rural Nepal
Authors: Atreya Alok , Thapa Jagat Bahadur , Menezes Ritesh G , Nepal Samata , Nepal Binu
Published: April 2021

Although preventable, electrocutions have claimed many lives in Nepal. People of low socio-economic background from remote villages in Nepal who visit jungle to tend cattle, collect firewood and cattle fodder are vulnerable to electrocution when the foliage are in contact with the power lines. We present a case of a 11-year-old boy who was found suspended over three naked high-tension electric wires approximately 30 feet above the ground in rural Nepal. This article describes a case of fatal electrocution and attempts to explain a reasons for such mishaps in Nepal through consideration of topography and socioeconomic factors. This article further discusses the death scene investigation in such cases. Keywords: Death scene investigation; fatal electrocution; high-tension transmission
Terapia por exercício no trabalho de parto em uma unidade hospitalar da Amazônia
Authors: Matos Sergio de Almeida , Souza Alex Bruno de Menezes , Cordeiro Cliviane Farias , Silva Farlon Vinícius Santos da , Parente Ednei Pereira , Lima Naiza Peres de , Fernandes Jesinildo Felix , Fernandez Alex Costa , Lopes Maykon Layrisson , Oliveira Stefany Alencar de , Dantas Francisca Moreira , Monteiro Carlos Eduardo Bezerra
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever sobre os benefícios de terapias por exercício para o parto normal através da vivência de graduandos em enfermagem durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) I no setor pré-parto, em um hospital no interior da Amazônia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de cunho descritivo sobre a vivência de acadêmicos do 9º período do curso de enfermagem pela Universidade Federal de um município do Amazonas no Médio Solimões, correspondendo a uma carga horária de 210 horas. O estágio ocorreu de 05 de novembro a 12 de dezembro de 2019 em um hospital de média complexidade. Os tipos de exercícios executados foram: exercício respiratório, caminhada, massagem, agachamento com apoio de barras de metais e bola suíça, tais práticas foram realizadas de acordo com evidências na literatura atuais. Resultados e Discussão: Foi possível constatar a diminuição dos quadros álgicos, o alívio do estresse, o medo do parto e até mesmo a minimização da ansiedade, deixando as parturientes mais relaxadas. Além disso, os benefícios foram visíveis na redução do tempo de trabalho de parto. Considerações Finais: A prática contribuiu para a formação dos estudantes acrescentando novos conhecimentos e aprendizados, assim como um olhar direcionado para a atenção integral à saúde da mulher.
Tapeséré Akorang Mabbasa Ogi
Authors: Teguh  Arafah
Published: April 2021

Many indigenous Muslims compose a book of interpretation with different types of languages ​​and methods used. Then came the mention of "native" interpretation, which is a term used to refer to the interpret. literature that arose/ appear from the creation of the Muslim of Archipelago, both the original and the descendants. For example Tarjumân Mustafîd by 'Abd Rauf Singkel using Malay Language, Al-Ibrîs li Ma'rifat at-Tafsîr Al-Qur’an al-'Azîz karya KH Bishri Musthafâ using Javanese Language, Tahrîf Qulûb al-Mu'minîn fî Tafsîr Sentences Sûrat Yâsîn creation of Ahmad Sanusi ibn 'Abd Rahim. In this article, attempt to reveal one of the literary interpretation of the archipelago from Tana Bugis AGH. Abd Muin Yusuf with his creation TapeséréAkorang Mabbasa Ogi with the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) of South Sulawesi. This book is called the book of Tapesere Akorang Mabbasa Ogi. Its Naming as a practical consideration to facilitate the reader to know and remember the book for the society of Bugis easily achieve the purpose of Al-Qur’an, both in the activities of religion and daily life.The Book of Tafsere Akorang mabbasa Ogi when viewed in term of its presentation belongs to the category of Tahlili Interpretation, but in the description does not use such a performance with interpretations using this method. By analyzing different aspects in detail, especially the linguistic aspect. It is intended to facilitate the reader Interpretation not to be preoccupied with his analyzes.
Penafsiran Tauhid Emansipatoris dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Ahmad  Aqib
Published: April 2021

In previous research, many scholars concern to study hermeneutic in Al-Qur’an such as justice, peace, equality etc. Text in Al-Qur’an always connected with social part. Term tauhid in Al-Qur’an has many meanings from clasical to contemporary meanings. The reader has differences in understanding. Because of that text has completely content and possible that there are a lot of approaching which is inter-multidisipliner. One of them is using gender approaching an analizing it is done Indonesia mufasir it self. Siti Musdah mulia try to give new colour in interprete Al-Qur’an. He share shifting paradigm analize,etimology term tauhid, and implication of spirit  equality.
Ibnu Muqlah (W. 328 H): Sejarah dan Sumbangsihnya dalam Penulisan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rahmat Ali Fitriana
Published: April 2021

This paper is a brief review of the history of the development of Arabic writing and its contribution to the writing of the Al-Qur'an manuscripts by taking the point of view of a central figure in Arabic writing, Ibn Muqlah (d. 328 H). This article tries to explore the contribution of Ibn Muqlah (d. 328 H) in writing the Al-Qur'an manuscript by tracing the history behind it. Therefore, the preparation of this paper uses a historical approach with a descriptive method of presenting data. The contribution of Ibn Muqlah (d. 328 H) in writing the Qur'an by introducing khaṭ thuluthī and khaṭ naskhī which served as role models for writing the Al-Qur'an manuscripts for centuries.
Microbial respiration in the asteroid diffusive boundary layer influenced sea star wasting disease during the 2013-2014 northeast Pacific Ocean mass mortality event
Authors: Hewson I
Published: April 2021

Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) describes a suite of abnormal signs in affected Asteroidea (Echinodermata). The disease gained prominence in 2013-2014 after it was linked to mass mortality in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Recent work highlighted the key role of heterotrophic microorganisms inhabiting the diffusive boundary layer around sea stars in generating disease signs via oxygen depletion. However, it is unclear whether this phenomenon occurred during the 2013-2014 mass mortality or how surviving populations may have adapted to low oxygen conditions. In this opinion piece, I outline evidence for this phenomenon in both oceanographic conditions experienced by asteroids in 2013-2014 and from population genetic studies of surviving asteroids.
Intracerebroventricular injection of oxidant and antioxidant molecules affects long-term potentiation in urethane anaesthetized rats
Authors: Viggiano A , Viggiano E , Monda M , Viggiano A , Ascione S , Amaro S , De Luca B
Published: April 2021

Production of superoxide anions in the incubation medium of
hippocampal slices can induce long-term potentiation (LTP).
Other reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide
are able to modulate LTP and are likely to be involved in aging
mechanisms. The present study explored whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of oxidant or antioxidant molecules
could affect LTP in vivo. With this aim in mind, field excitatory
post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) elicited by stimulation of the
perforant pathway were recorded in the dentate gyrus of the
hippocampal formation in urethane-anesthetized rats. N-acetyl-Lcysteine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hypoxanthine/xanthineoxidase solution (a superoxide producing system) were administrated by ICV injection. The control was represented by a
group injected with saline ICV. Ten minutes after the injection,
LTP was induced in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus by high
frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway. Neither the H2O2
injection or the N-acetyl-L-cysteine injection caused any variation
in the fEPSP at the 10-min post-injection time point, whereas the
superoxide generating system caused a significant increase in the
fEPSP. Moreover, at 60 min after tetanic stimulation, all
treatments attenuated LTP compared with the control group.
These results show that ICV administration of oxidant or
antioxidant molecules can modulate LTP in vivo in the dentate
gyrus. Particularly, a superoxide producing system can induce
potentiation of the synaptic response. Interestingly, ICV injection
of oxidants or antioxidants prevented a full expression of LTP
compared to the saline injection.
Dancing with Diversity: Performing Possibilities, Transforming Disabilities
Authors: Gysels Marjolein , Oonk Joop
Published: April 2021

This paper enquires into the significance and potential of inclusive dance through the working process of a dance piece developed by a mixed team of professional dancers and dancers with disabilities. It is a self-reflective piece on what it means to live with a disability. The interplays between the artistic work and reality that emerged during rehearsals disrupted categories such as reality and fiction, process and performance, difference and normality. It analyses the mechanisms of reality that are put to work, and the aesthetic strategies that are used on the basis of examples from practice.
‘It was as if my ballet had never existed!’: August Bournonville and the Reception of Brudefærden i Hardanger
Authors: Sasser Patricia Puckett
Published: April 2021

Set in Norway, August Bournonville's 1853 ballet Brudefærden i Hardanger was highly successful with both Danish and Swedish audiences. In Norway, however, the ballet was ignored and ultimately blamed for perpetuating false images of the nation. This paper explores the ways in which Norway functioned as a source of idealism, exoticism, and romantic nationalism in nineteenth-century Scandinavia. The contrasting attitudes towards Bournonville's work illuminate more than differences of tastes among the three countries. As contemporary accounts, sheet music, prints, and performance ephemera demonstrate, Brudefærden i Hardanger reveals the ways in which Bournonville's ballet created, interpreted, and also constrained national identity.
The Effect of Audio Visual Media on Learning Achievement of 2nd Grade of Civics Education in Elementary Schools
Authors: Widianto Riko , Supratno Haris , Dwi Rochmania Desty
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to add insight into the pretest-posttest result with and without the use of audio visual media on Civics Education Learning outcomes. It is also to add insight on the influence of the use of audio visual media on Civics Education Learning outcomes in 2nd grade students of Menganto Public Elemetary School.This research is quantitative with pretest-posttest, non equivalent control group design. The sample in this study was students who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental class and the control class with 12 students each group. The results showed that there was a significant influence in the use of audio-visual media on the learning outcomes of theme 6, sub-topic 3, 1st learning, rules and regulations in the school environment material. The t-test results showed that the average pretest-posttest learning outcomes of the control class was 5.944 and the average pretest-posttest learning outcomes of the experimental class were 8.437. Based on the results of the average value, it is obtained that there is an increse of student achievement before and after using audio visual media in thematic learning.
PERENCANAAN CHARGER CONTROLLER DAN BATERAI PADA PROTOTYPE PLTB SKALA KECIL DI TEKNIK LISTRIK POLINEMA
Authors: Wijaya Kusuma  , Anang Dasa Novfowan  , Abdul Manaf
Published: April 2021

One of the efforts to tackle the energy crisis is by reducing dependence on fossil energy sources and utilizing alternative energy. One of the alternative energy is wind energy. Wind energy can be used to make power plants. Wind power plant is a method to generate electrical energy by turning the wind turbine which connected to the generator, then the electrical energy which generated by generator used for supplying the load. However, the availability of the wind energy are not always constant in strength, thus to make this power plant work continuously to supplying the load it needed the element of electrical energy storage,that is battery.In order to make the electrical energy storage become efficient then used the component to support the battery charging, the presence of these component the energy produced can be stored optimallyand the battery life can be longer. The purpose of this study is to design and analyze the performance of the charger controller and battery in the PLTB system which is then used to support the work of the Wind Power Plant prototype system in State Polytechnic of Malang. The result of this study is how to choose the charger controller and battery based on some consideration, the characteristics of each components before and after be assembled in Wind Power Plant prototype system in State Polytechnic of Malang
The Ontology of the Amphioxus Anatomy and Life Cycle (AMPHX)
Authors: Bertrand Stephanie , Carvalho João E. , Dauga Delphine , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Daric Vladimir , Yu Jr-Kai , Schubert Michael , Escrivá Hector
Published: April 2021

An ontology is a computable representation of the different parts of an organism and its different developmental stages as well as the relationships between them. The ontology of model organisms is therefore a fundamental tool for a multitude of bioinformatics and comparative analyses. The cephalochordate amphioxus is a marine animal representing the earliest diverging evolutionary lineage of chordates. Furthermore, its morphology, its anatomy and its genome can be considered as prototypes of the chordate phylum. For these reasons, amphioxus is a very important animal model for evolutionary developmental biology studies aimed at understanding the origin and diversification of vertebrates. Here, we have constructed an amphioxus ontology (AMPHX) which combines anatomical and developmental terms and includes the relationships between these terms. AMPHX will be used to annotate amphioxus gene expression patterns as well as phenotypes. We encourage the scientific community to adopt this amphioxus ontology and send recommendations for future updates and improvements.
Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for Bioactive Delivery
Authors: Dhiman Neerupma , Awasthi Rajendra , Sharma Bhupesh , Kharkwal Harsha , Kulkarni Giriraj T.
Published: April 2021

Nanotechnology has made a great impact on the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food, and cosmetics industries. More than 40% of the approved drugs are lipophilic and have poor solubility. This is the major rate-limiting step that influences the release profile and bioavailability of drugs. Several approaches have been reported to administer lipophilic drugs with improved solubility and bioavailability. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in the targeted delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems can be classified as solid lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, emulsion-based nanodrug delivery systems, vesicular drug delivery systems, etc. Nanotechnology presents a new frontier in research and development to conquer the limitations coupled with the conventional drug delivery systems through the formation of specific functionalized particles. This review presents a bird's eye view on various aspects of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of bioactive molecules that is, synthesis, characterization, advantage, disadvantage, toxicity, and application in the medical field. Update on recent development in terms of patents and clinical trials of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) have also been discussed in this article.
Renal Denervation Attenuates Neuroinflammation in the Brain by Regulating Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Huo Jun-Yu , Jiang Wan-Ying , Lyu Yi-Ting , Zhu Lin , Liu Hui-Hui , Chen Yuan-Yuan , Chen Meng , Geng Jie , Jiang Zhi-Xin , Shan Qi-Jun
Published: April 2021

Aims: The development of neuroinflammation deteriorates the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to investigate the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on post-MI neuroinflammation in rats and the related mechanisms.

Methods and Results: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI. One week later, the MI rats received a sham or RDN procedure. Their cardiac functions were analyzed by echocardiography, and their intestinal structures, permeability, and inflammatory cytokines were tested. The intestinal microbiota were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. The degrees of neuroinflammation in the brains of rats were analyzed for microglia activation, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related signal pathways. In comparison with the Control rats, the MI rats exhibited impaired cardiac functions, intestinal injury, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and microbial dysbiosis, accompanied by increased microglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. A RDN procedure dramatically decreased the levels of renal and intestinal sympathetic nerve activity, improved cardiac functions, and mitigated the MI-related intestinal injury and neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats. Interestingly, the RDN procedure mitigated the MI-increased intestinal barrier permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma LPS as well as ameliorated the gut microbial dysbiosis in MI rats. The protective effect of RDN was not significantly affected by treatment with intestinal alkaline phosphatase but significantly reduced by L-phenylalanine treatment in MI rats.

Conclusions: RDN attenuated the neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats, associated with mitigating the MI-related intestinal injury.
Pancreas Optical Clearing and 3-D Microscopy in Health and Diabetes
Authors: Campbell-Thompson Martha , Tang Shiue-Cheng
Published: April 2021

Although first described over a hundred years ago, tissue optical clearing is undergoing renewed interest due to numerous advances in optical clearing methods, microscopy systems, and three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis programs. These advances are advantageous for intact mouse tissues or pieces of human tissues because samples sized several millimeters can be studied. Optical clearing methods are particularly useful for studies of the neuroanatomy of the central and peripheral nervous systems and tissue vasculature or lymphatic system. Using examples from solvent- and aqueous-based optical clearing methods, the mouse and human pancreatic structures and networks will be reviewed in 3-D for neuro-insular complexes, parasympathetic ganglia, and adipocyte infiltration as well as lymphatics in diabetes. Optical clearing with multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy provides new opportunities to examine the role of the nervous and circulatory systems in pancreatic and islet functions by defining their neurovascular anatomy in health and diabetes.
The Role of Vascular Cells in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function
Authors: Burganova Guzel , Bridges Claire , Thorn Peter , Landsman Limor
Published: April 2021

Insulin-producing β-cells constitute the majority of the cells in the pancreatic islets. Dysfunction of these cells is a key factor in the loss of glucose regulation that characterizes type 2 diabetes. The regulation of many of the functions of β-cells relies on their close interaction with the intra-islet microvasculature, comprised of endothelial cells and pericytes. In addition to providing islet blood supply, cells of the islet vasculature directly regulate β-cell activity through the secretion of growth factors and other molecules. These factors come from capillary mural pericytes and endothelial cells, and have been shown to promote insulin gene expression, insulin secretion, and β-cell proliferation. This review focuses on the intimate crosstalk of the vascular cells and β-cells and its role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
Spatiotemporal Differences and Spatial Convergence of the Water-Energy-Food-Ecology Nexus in Northwest China
Authors: Wang Min , Zhu Yi-fei , Gong Si-wen , Ni Chang-yu
Published: April 2021

The Water-Energy-Food-Ecology (W-E-F-E) nexus is related to the realization of the goal of high-quality economic development in Northwest China. This paper analyzed the dynamic change trend, spatial evolution characteristics, and spatial convergence of identified W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China utilizing the coupling coordination degree model, an ESDA instrument, and the spatial convergence model. The results show that: first, the W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China presents a “V” shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising in time dimension. After a decline of 25.1% in 2002–2012, it increased by 29.7% in 2012–2017. Second, the W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China shows positive spatial autocorrelation, and the Moran’s I index of this is about 0.15. In spatial dimension, it shows a trend of high-value agglomeration around provincial capitals, and the distribution pattern is relatively stable. Thirdly, the W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China has significant spatial convergence, that is, the W-E-F-E nexus gap between the prefectures in Northwest China is shrinking, and the convergence rate is between 2.83 and 3.16. Moreover, with the development of the economy, the rational allocation of land and labor resources, and the optimization of fiscal expenditure structure, the W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China will converge to the same steady state level after a long period of time. In general, in the process of improving the W-E-F-E nexus in Northwest China, the heterogeneous characteristics of prefectures should be fully considered, and a trans-regional cooperative management and restriction mechanism of the W-E-F-E nexus should be explored to achieve high-quality development of the region.
Ebosin Ameliorates Psoriasis-Like Inflammation of Mice via miR-155 Targeting tnfaip3 on IL-17 Pathway
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Xu Fengying , Zhuang Zhuochen , Liu Zhe , Xie Jiming , Bai Liping
Published: April 2021

Psoriasis is a recurrent autoimmune skin disease with aberrant regulation of keratinocytes and immunocytes. There is no universally accepted single treatment available for psoriasis, and the establishment of a common treatment option to control its signs and symptoms is urgently needed. Here, we found Ebosin, a novel exopolysaccharide isolated from Streptomyces sp. 139 by our lab, not only could ameliorate inflammation in LPS-induced keratinocytes through IKK/NF-kapaB pathway, but also attenuate psoriatic skin lesions and reduce inflammatory factors expression in imiquimod (IMQ)-mediated psoriatic mice. Except for inhibiting the expression of epidermal differentiation related proteins, Ebosin significantly increased the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ Tregs and decreased CD4+IL17A+ Th17 cells in psoriatic mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ebosin significantly suppressed the IL-17 signaling pathway via A20 (encoded by tnfaip3) in vivo. As the direct binding of tnfaip3 to miR-155 has been demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay, and Ebosin has been demonstrated to inhibit miR-155 level in vitro and in vivo, our study first indicates that Ebosin reduces inflammation through the miR-155-tnfaip3-IL-17 axis and T cell differentiation in a psoriasis-like model. Thus, we conclude that Ebosin can act as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Mechanism Governing the Secretion and Biological Roles of Tenascin-C
Authors: Albacete-Albacete Lucas , Sánchez-Álvarez Miguel , del Pozo Miguel Angel
Published: April 2021

ECM composition and architecture are tightly regulated for tissue homeostasis. Different disorders have been associated to alterations in the levels of proteins such as collagens, fibronectin (FN) or tenascin-C (TnC). TnC emerges as a key regulator of multiple inflammatory processes, both during physiological tissue repair as well as pathological conditions ranging from tumor progression to cardiovascular disease. Importantly, our current understanding as to how TnC and other non-collagen ECM components are secreted has remained elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles released to the extracellular space by most cell types, playing a key role in cell-cell communication. A broad range of cellular components can be transported by EVs (e.g. nucleic acids, lipids, signalling molecules and proteins). These cargoes can be transferred to target cells, potentially modulating their function. Recently, several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been characterized as bona fide EV cargoes, exosomal secretion being particularly critical for TnC. EV-dependent ECM secretion might underpin diseases where ECM integrity is altered, establishing novel concepts in the field such as ECM nucleation over long distances, and highlighting novel opportunities for diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Here, we review recent findings and standing questions on the molecular mechanisms governing EV–dependent ECM secretion and its potential relevance for disease, with a focus on TnC.
Tr1 Cells as a Key Regulator for Maintaining Immune Homeostasis in Transplantation
Authors: Song Yun , Wang Ning , Chen Lihua , Fang Liang
Published: April 2021

The immune system is composed of effectors and regulators. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are classified as a distinct subset of T cells, and they secret high levels of IL-10 but lack the expression of the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). Tr1 cells act as key regulators in the immune network, and play a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The regulatory capacity of Tr1 cells depends on many mechanisms, including secretion of suppressive cytokines, cell-cell contacts, cytotoxicity and metabolic regulation. A breakdown of Tr1-cell-mediated tolerance is closely linked with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Based on this observation, Tr1-cell therapy has emerged as a successful treatment option for a number of human diseases. In this review, we describe an overview of Tr1 cell identification, functions and related molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the current protocols to induce/expand Tr1 cellsin vitrofor clinical application, and summarize the recent progress of Tr1 cells in transplantation.
γδ T/Interleukin-17A Contributes to the Effect of Maresin Conjugates in Tissue Regeneration 1 on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Injury
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Xin-Yu , Li Lin-Chao , Xiao Ji , Zhu Yin-Meng , Tian Yang , Sheng Yong-Mao , Chen Yan , Wang Jian-Guang , Jin Sheng-Wei
Published: April 2021

The mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) remain poorly understood, and there are no specific therapeutics for SIC. We investigated the effects of maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1) on SIC and explored its potential mechanisms. The experiments were conducted using an endotoxemia model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were given MCTR1 intravenously 6 h after LPS stimulation. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function 12 h after LPS administration. Treatment with MCTR1 significantly enhanced cardiac function and reduced LPS-induced increase of mRNA expression levels of inflammation cytokines. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that MCTR1 inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis via the IL-17 signaling pathway. We confirmed that MCTR1 reduced the expressions of neutrophil chemoattractants and neutrophil infiltration in the LPS-stimulated hearts. MCTR1 also resulted in a considerable reduction in IL-17A production mainly derived from γδ T cells. Moreover, our results provided the first evidence that neutralizing IL-17A or depletion of γδ T cells markedly decreased neutrophil recruitment and enhanced cardiac function in LPS-induced cardiac injury. These results suggest that MCTR1 alleviates neutrophil infiltration thereby improves cardiac function in LPS-induced cardiac injury via the IL-17 signaling pathway. Thus, MCTR1 represented a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with SIC.
Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Paediatric Pilomatricoma Based on the Histopathologic Classification
Authors: Li Li , Xu Jiaosheng , Wang Siwei , Yang Jun
Published: April 2021

Background: Pilomatricoma (PM) is one of the most common benign tumours in children. However, the inaccuracy of preoperative diagnosis and evaluation is high. Non-invasive examinations, including dermoscopy and ultrasound are helpful for diagnosing and evaluating PM. To date, ultra-high-frequency ultrasonographic features of PM have been rarely studied.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the ultra-high frequency ultrasonographic features of PM in a large paediatric cohort and to determine the associations of these features with the clinical features of different histological subtypes of PM.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients who had both preoperative ultra-high-frequency ultrasonographic evaluation and pathological diagnosis of PM were enrolled. A series of infantile haemangiomas and cutaneous cysts during the same period were included as controls. Histological findings, including the stage, calcifying type, and ultrasonographic features of each lesion, were described.

Results: A total of 133 patients with PM were included, and 147 PM lesions were analysed. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.58, and the median age of onset was 91 (range: 10–188) months. On ultra-high-frequency ultrasonography, PM presented as heterogeneous (144/147, 98.0%), well-demarcated (143/147, 97.3%), and hypoechoic (126/147, 85.7%) tumours located between the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue (139/147, 94.6%). The most common features were internal echogenic foci (135/147, 91.8%), hypoechoic rim (133/147, 90.5%), and posterior acoustic shadowing (94/147, 63.9%). Fourteen (9.5%) lesions were histologically categorized in the early stage, 58 (39.5%) in the fully developed stage, 65 (44.2%) in the early regressive stage and 10 (6.8%) in the late regressive stage. Three calcifying types, including scattered dots, clumps and arcs, were observed on histologic examination, which corresponded well with grey-scale imaging on ultra-high-frequency ultrasonography. Each calcifying type was significantly different in various histological stages (P = 0.001), among which scattered dots were mainly present in the early and fully developed stage and arc-shaped calcifying were present in the regressive stages. Calcification was observed in skin cysts, while there was more frequent posterior enhancement, less frequent posterior shadowing, and hypoechoic rim than PM. Haemangioma also presented as a hypoechoic tumour on grey-scale imaging. However, haemangioma was homogeneous and rarely calcifying.

Conclusions: PM is a heterogeneous, well-demarcated, hypoechoic tumour located between the deep dermis and the subcutis on ultra-high-frequency ultrasonography. The most common features are internal echogenic foci (calcifying) and hypoechoic rim. Calcifying types can help in the staging of PM. Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound is a useful tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of PM.
Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements
Authors: Lehenberger Maximilian , Foh Nina , Göttlein Axel , Six Diana , Biedermann Peter H. W.
Published: April 2021

Fungus-farming within galleries in the xylem of trees has evolved independently in at least twelve lineages of weevils (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) and one lineage of ship-timber beetles (Lymexylidae). Jointly these are termed ambrosia beetles because they actively cultivate nutritional “ambrosia fungi” as their main source of food. The beetles are obligately dependent on their ambrosia fungi as they provide them a broad range of essential nutrients ensuring their survival in an extremely nutrient-poor environment. While xylem is rich in carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), various elements essential for fungal and beetle growth, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are extremely low in concentration. Currently it remains untested how both ambrosia beetles and their fungi meet their nutritional requirements in this habitat. Here, we aimed to determine for the first time if galleries of ambrosia beetles are generally enriched with elements that are rare in uncolonized xylem tissue and whether these nutrients are translocated to the galleries from the xylem by the fungal associates. To do so, we examined natural galleries of three ambrosia beetle species from three independently evolved farming lineages,Xyleborinus saxesenii(Scolytinae: Xyleborini),Trypodendron lineatum(Scolytinae: Xyloterini) andElateroides dermestoides(Lymexylidae), that cultivate unrelated ambrosia fungi in the ascomycete orders Ophiostomatales, Microascales, and Saccharomycetales, respectively. Several elements, in particular Ca, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, and S, were present in high concentrations within the beetles’ galleries but available in only very low concentrations in the surrounding xylem. The concentration of elements was generally highest withX. saxesenii, followed byT. lineatumandE. dermestoides, which positively correlates with the degree of sociality and productivity of brood per gallery. We propose that the ambrosia fungal mutualists are translocating essential elements through their hyphae from the xylem to fruiting structures they form on gallery walls. Moreover, the extremely strong enrichment observed suggests recycling of these elements from the feces of the insects, where bacteria and yeasts might play a role.
Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Vascular Function
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Guo Mengting , Lv Xiaowang , Wang Zhiwei , Yang Jigang , Li Yanting , Yu Fan , Wen Xin , Feng Lei , Zhou Tingting
Published: April 2021

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are widely expressed in systemic tissues and can be activated by many stimuli. TRPV4, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, plays an important role in the vasculature and is implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis processes such as blood pressure, vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension and edema. Within the vasculature, TRPV4 channels are expressed in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular nerves. The activation of endothelial TRPV4 contributes to vasodilation involving nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor pathways. TRPV4 activation also can directly cause vascular smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization and vasodilation. In addition, TRPV4 activation can evoke constriction in some specific vascular beds or under some pathological conditions. TRPV4 participates in the control of vascular permeability and vascular damage, particularly in the lung capillary endothelial barrier and lung injury. It also participates in vascular remodeling regulation mainly by controlling vasculogenesis and arteriogenesis. This review examines the role of TRPV4 in vascular function, particularly in vascular dilation and constriction, vascular permeability, vascular remodeling, and vascular damage, along with possible mechanisms, and discusses the possibility of targeting TRPV4 for therapy.