bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of local anesthesia on pain scale and specimen adequacy in fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules for liquid-based cytology
Authors: Lee Tsung-Lun , Wei Pei-Yin , Tai Shyh-Kuan
Published: November 2022

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a routine diagnostic test for thyroid nodules. The use of local anesthesia (LA) before the procedure is still controversial. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the degree of pain and specimen adequacy in liquid-based cytology (LBC) for FNAB of thyroid nodules with and without LA. A total of 100 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who underwent FNAB with and without LA between January and December 2020 were included. Patients who received LA had a significantly lower immediate pain scale score (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that no use of LA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–8.10, P = 0.004) and lesion abutting the trachea (OR = 6.14, 95% CI = 1.56–24.12, P = 0.009) were independently and significantly associated with pain degree immediately after FNAB. A higher proportion of patients who previously underwent FNAB thought that LA was helpful and should be performed prior to FNAB. However, the use of LA did not improve the specimen adequacy (P = 0.075). The results showed that administration of LA with a proper technique before ultrasound-guided FNAB might reduce immediate pain after the procedure, and patients may experience more pain when the aspirated nodules abut the trachea.
Ecological transition and sustainable development: integrated statistical indicators to support public policies
Authors: Rotondo Francesco , Perchinunno Paola , L’Abbate Samuela , Mongelli Lucia
Published: November 2022

The evolution of the concept of sustainability and the availability of new statistical information requires constant checks on the set of indicators so that they accurately perform the task of representing well-being in our society. The Sustainable Development Goals refer to various development domains relating to environmental, social, economic, and institutional issues that have been placed at the basis of the Missions envisaged by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). Specifically, the subject of ecological transition and the related statistical indicators and the evaluations of the effectiveness of the programming implemented by the NRRP to pursue it in practice are of significant interest. The numerous data available were analyzed at a regional level through multivariate statistical methodologies (Totally Fuzzy and Relative method) capable of synthesizing the various information to evaluate the territorial adequacy of the economic planning of its various components. Through the representation on a GIS basis of the geographical distribution of the synthesis values of the fuzzy indices, the paper highlights the different starting point existing between Italian regions. So, these integrated statistical indicators can help public policies to be oriented in a more coherent way with their environmental declared objectives. Starting from the availability of multiple data, it is developed an integrated approach to the evaluation of the local government policies in place and to monitor the progress of subsequent interventions by the Italian government.
Investigation of the spermathecal morphology, reproductive strategy and fate of stored spermatozoa in three important thysanopteran species
Authors: Krueger Stephanie , Martins de S. e Silva Juliana , Santos de Oliveira Cristine , Moritz Gerald
Published: November 2022

In insects, females can keep sperm capable of fertilisation over a long period with the help of the spermatheca. The effectiveness of storing fertile sperm is expected to reflect in the reproductive strategy and, thus, the morphology of the involved organs. In this work, we focused on the relationship between reproduction and morphology in the haplodiploid Thysanoptera, especially if a loss of these traits occurs under thelytoky. The spermathecal morphology and the fate of stored spermatozoa were studied by microscopic techniques (high-resolution x-ray computed tomography and transmission electron microscopy) in three species with different reproductive modes and lifestyles (Suocerathrips linguis, Echinothrips americanus, Hercinothrips femoralis). Mating experiments were conducted to analyse the use of the transferred sperm in the thelytokous H. femoralis. Results show that the spermathecae are relatively simple, which can be explained by the availability of sperm and the short lifespan of the females. However, the spermatheca in H. femoralis seems to be vestigial compared to the arrhenotokous species and females do not use sperm for fertilisation. No substantial change was observed in the structure of spermatozoa, despite an enlargement of the sperm organelles being measured during storage in all three species. The results of this work demonstrate differences in the morphology of the spermatheca, especially concerning the reproduction mode, promoting the understanding of the complex interaction between morphology and behaviour.
Improvement of the aerodynamic behaviour of the passenger car by using a combine of ditch and base bleed
Authors: Al-Saadi Ahmed , Al-Farhany Khaled , Faisal Ahmed Essa , Alomari Mohammed Azeez , Jamshed Wasim , Eid Mohamed R. , Tag El Din El Sayed M. , Amjad Ayesha
Published: November 2022

The current study investigates different methods to minimize the drag coefficient (CD) without ignoring the safety factor related to the stability of a vehicle, i.e., the lift coefficient (CL). The study was carried out by employing an SUV car analyzed numerically using one of the CFD software, Ansys. Four different models such as realizable k–ε, standard k–ω, shear stress transport k–ω, and Reynolds stress model (RSM). The considered models have been validated with experimental data and found in good agreement. The considered inlet velocity varies from 28 to 40 m/s, the results showed that the drag coefficient and the stability are both improved by applying a modification on the roof of the considered car.
Prodigiosin inhibits the proliferation of glioblastoma by regulating the KIAA1524/PP2A signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Wenguo , Gao Dezheng , Ning Liping , Jiang Yousheng , Li Zhao , Huang Bin , Chen Anjing , Wang Chuanwei , Liu Yuguang
Published: November 2022

Prodigiosin (PG), a member of a family of natural red pigments produced by a variety of bacteria, was first discovered in Serratia marcescens. PG has been reported to have an apoptosis-inducing effect in many cancers, such as lymphoma, colon cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. For this study, we used three glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines (LN229, U251 and A172) to explore the effect of prodigiosin on GBM cells. A CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. We determinedthe cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry and measured proliferation by an EdU incorporation assay. The expression of different molecules was investigated by western blotting and RT-PCR. We further confirmed our results by plasmid transfection and lentiviral transduction. The LN229 xenograft model was used to study the effect of prodigiosin in vivo. We confirmed that prodigiosin played an anticancer role in several GBM cell lines through the KIAA1524/PP2A/Akt signalling pathway. Prodigiosin inhibited the protein expression of KIAA1524 by suppressing its transcription, which led to activation of PP2A. Afterward, PP2A inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, thereby inducing increased expression of p53/p21. Furthermore, it was verified that prodigiosin inhibited the KIAA1524/PP2A/Akt axis in vivo in the LN229 xenograft model. These data improve the understanding of the anticancer effects of prodigiosin and further highlight the potential of prodigiosin for the development of anti-glioma drugs.
About the age and depositional depth of the sediments with reported bipedal footprints at Trachilos (NW Crete, Greece)
Authors: Zachariasse Willem Jan , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: November 2022

New data on the foraminifers and the regional geological setting of the Trachilos sediments (NW Crete, Greece) from which Gierlinski et al. (Proc Geol Assoc 128: 697–710, 2017) described hominin-like footprints show that the published 6.05 Ma-shallow marine interpretation is incorrect. In our new interpretation, the Trachilos succession is Late Pliocene and part of a shallowing marine series that became subaerially exposed some 3 millions of years ago. Placed in a larger geological context, Crete was an island during the Late Pliocene and separated by ~ 100 km of open sea from the nearest European mainland, and therefore out of reach of Late Pliocene hominins.
Positive effect of inaudible high-frequency components of sounds on glucose tolerance: a quasi-experimental crossover study
Authors: Kawai Norie , Honda Manabu , Nishina Emi , Ueno Osamu , Fukushima Ariko , Ohmura Rikka , Fujita Nahiko , Oohashi Tsutomu
Published: November 2022

Although stress significantly impacts on various metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus, most stress management techniques are based on psychological and subjective approaches. This study examined how the presence or absence of the inaudible high-frequency component (HFC) of sounds, which activates deep-brain structures, affects glucose tolerance in healthy participants using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Sounds containing HFC suppressed the increase in glucose levels measured by incremental area under the curve in the OGTT compared with the otherwise same sounds without HFC. The suppression effect of HFC was more prominent in the older age group and the group with high HbA1c. This suggests that sounds with HFC are more effective in improving glucose tolerance in individuals at a higher risk of glucose intolerance.
Postharvest treatments with MnCl2 and ZnCl2 reduce enzymatic browning and enhance antioxidant accumulation in soya bean sprout
Authors: Jin Xijun , Zhou Weixin , Cao Liang , Zhang Yuxian
Published: November 2022

Soya bean sprout is a nutrient-abundant vegetable. However, enzymatic browning of soya bean sprouts during storage remains a challenge. In this study, the effects of treatment with MnCl2or ZnCl2on the browning index, antioxidant nutrient accumulation, total antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in soya bean sprouts after storage at 4 °C and 90% relative humidity for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The results showed that postharvest treatment with 1, 2 and 10 mM MnCl2or ZnCl2profoundly retarded enzymatic browning in soya bean sprouts to different extents. Compared with the control, the 10 mM MnCl2and ZnCl2treatments drastically enhanced ascorbic acid, total thiol and phenolic content, and enhanced FRAP (ferric-reducing ability of plasma) antioxidant capacity in stored soya bean sprouts. Moreover, the MnCl2and ZnCl2treatments enhanced SOD, CAT and PAL but decreased PPO and POD activities compared with the control. In addition, the Mn and Zn content in soya bean sprouts significantly increased, by approximately two- to threefold, compared with the control. This study provides a new method for improving the nutrient quality of soya bean sprouts based on postharvest Mn or Zn supplementation.
Soret and Dufour influences on forced convection of Cross radiative nanofluid flowing via a thin movable needle
Authors: Rehman M. Israr Ur , Chen Haibo , Hamid Aamir , Qayyum Sajid , Jamshed Wasim , Raizah Zehba , Eid Mohamed R. , Din El Sayed M. Tag El
Published: November 2022

The main feature of the current investigation is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of Cross fluid. Flow is due to a movable thin needle with Soret and Dufour effect. Heat generation/absorption and nonlinear heat radiation are used in the energy equation. Characteristics of the chemical reaction and thermal activation are given special attention. Appropriate variables are introduced for the transformation of partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. With the assistance of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg's fourth- fifth-order method with the shooting technique, we determined the prominent result numerically. The prominent examined parameters range is velocity and temperature ratios, heat generation, Dufour, Hartmann, Schmidt numbers ($$0.1\le{{\lambda}},{{{\theta}}}_{{{w}}},{{Q}},{{{D}}}_{{{u}}},\boldsymbol{ }{{M}},{{S}}{{c}}\le 0.7$$

0.1
≤
λ
,

θ
w

,
Q
,

D
u

,

M
,
S
c
≤
0.7

), needle thickness ($$0\le {{a}}\le 15$$

0
≤
a
≤
15

), radiative parameter ($$5\le {{R}}{{d}}\le 8$$

5
≤
R
d
≤
8

), and Weissenberg number ($$0.01\le {{W}}{{e}}\le 0.09$$

0.01
≤
W
e
≤
0.09

), respectively. Graphs for velocity, thermal, concentration, Skin friction coefficient, and heat and mass transport rates are displayed and analyzed for physical parameters. A similar observation of mixed convection and needle thickness parameter is seen on the velocity field. Temperature and heat transfer rate are reverse behavior in the frame of the Dufour effect. Moreover, an enhancement in chemical reaction shows decay to the concentration field.
Monitoring gestational diabetes at the point-of-care via dual glycated albumin lateral flow assays in conjunction with a handheld reader
Authors: Belsare Sayali , Tseng Derek , Ozcan Aydogan , Coté Gerard
Published: November 2022

A dual assay cartridge was developed and used in conjunction with a handheld reader for sensing % glycated albumin to monitor gestational diabetes at home.
Facile and sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of kojic acid in food products: a general strategy for immobilization-free analysis of enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Nan , Hu Peiwen , Zhu Chunyuan , Guo Shuangming , Yang Hong
Published: November 2022

An enzyme-modulated and immobilization-free photoelectrochemical sensor was fabricated for sensitive detection of kojic acid in food samples including vinegar and wheat flour.
CAAC–IPr*: easily accessible, highly sterically-hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes
Authors: Chu Wenchao , Zhou Tongliang , Bisz Elwira , Dziuk Błażej , Lalancette Roger , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal
Published: November 2022

We report a merger of CAAC ligands with highly-hindered IPr*. The ligands are strongly electron-rich, bulky and flexible. The availability of various IPr* and CAAC templates offers a significant potential to expand the existing arsenal of NHCs.
Surface-chemistry-driven water dissociation on cobalt-based graphene hybrid from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Gorantla Koteswara Rao , Mallik Bhabani S.
Published: November 2022

We explore the water dissociation process on graphene surface hybridized with a Co–bipyridine complex through first principles molecular dynamics simulations.
Chemical characterization of prescribed burn emissions from a mixed forest in Northern Michigan
Authors: Lee Jamy Y. , Daube Conner , Fortner Ed , Ellsworth Nicholas , May Nathaniel W. , Tallant Jason , Herndon Scott , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: November 2022

Gases and particles emitted from a mixed forest prescribed burn in Michigan were characterized by a mobile laboratory.
Effect of metal substrate temperature on the determination of trace metal elements in water by combined LIBS with electro-deposition
Authors: Ge Ting , Wang Qiuyun , Chen Anmin , Gao Xun , Jin Mingxing
Published: November 2022

The present study has attempted to improve the detection sensitivity of electro-deposition assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by raising the metal substrate temperature.
A beneficial combination of formic acid as a processing additive and fluoroethylene carbonate as an electrolyte additive for Li4Ti5O12 lithium-ion anodes
Authors: Xu Yun , Diemant Thomas , Kim Guk-Tae , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic
Published: November 2022

Formic acid is an efficient processing additive for Li4Ti5O12 anodes, but the amount has to be carefully optimized. Fluoroethylene carbonate as electrolyte additive can further enhance the performance by facilitating the interfacial charge transfer.
Preferential orientation of anisotropic polythiophene rods toward macroscopic chain ordering
Authors: Kitao Takashi , Legrand Alexandre , Mori Taizo , Ariga Katsuhiko , Uemura Takashi
Published: November 2022

Combining a MOF template with simple rubbing methods achieves macroscopic alignment of unprocessable polymer chains.
The preparation of N-containing functionalized porous organic polymers for selective synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles and triazine derivatives
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Likui , Wang Dawei , Zeng Wei
Published: November 2022

A pyridine and pyrazole-based ruthenium porous organic polymer Ru@Py-POP was synthesized. This catalyst demonstrated broad applicability, high stability and good recyclability in the synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles and triazine derivatives.
Construction of NiCo-LDH/g-C3N4 heterojunctions as efficient photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride and hydrogen evolution
Authors: Nong Jiajun , Jin Yuexiang , Tan Jun , Ma Hongxia , Lian Yuan
Published: November 2022

The schematic diagram of the charge transfer path of an LDH/CN nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of TC and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Design and development of imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthroline-Zn(ii) based fluorescent probes for specific recognition of ATP with tunable optical responses and probing the enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP by alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Rana Priya , Jennifer G. Abigail , Siva Mallayasamy , Varathan Elumalai , Das Priyadip
Published: November 2022

Imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthroline-based Zn(ii) complexes selectively detect ATP, which helps to develop real time emission assays for enzymatic activity of ALP.
Noncovalent molecular interactions, charge transport and photovoltaic performance of asymmetric M-series acceptors with dichlorinated end groups
Authors: Liao Ruochuan , Ma Xiaoling , Tang Changquan , Liu Yuanzheng , Zheng Wenyu , Ma Yunlong , Tu Qisheng , Lin Wenyuan , Yi Yuanping , Zheng Qingdong
Published: November 2022

Among the three A–D–A-type nonfullerene acceptors, MQ7-i has improved molecular planarity, compact packing motifs, and the largest charge transfer integrals and the highest electron mobilities thereby yielding the highest efficiency of 16.23%.
Enlarging the porosity of metal–organic framework-derived carbons for supercapacitor applications by a template-free ethylene glycol etching method
Authors: Xin Ruijing , Kim Minjun , Cheng Ping , Ashok Aditya , Chowdhury Silvia , Park Teahoon , Alowasheeir Azhar , Hossain Md. Shahriar , Tang Jing , Yi Jin Woo , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Na Jongbeom
Published: November 2022

Enlargement of micropores in zeolitic imidazolate framework particles into mesopores is achieved via an ethylene glycol-assisted aqueous etching method. The etched carbon shows a higher specific capacitance than unetched one at high scan rates.
Efficient encapsulation of CsPbBr3and Au nanocrystals in mesoporous metal–organic frameworks towards synergetic photocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: Huang Jia-Nan , Dong Yu-Jie , Zhao Hai-Bing , Chen Hong-Yan , Kuang Dai-Bin , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: November 2022

A ternary CsPbBr3/Au/PCN-333(Al) hybrid featuring high CsPbBr3loading, fast charge separation and good CO2uptake is designed for synergetic photocatalytic CO2reduction.
A black energy-saving electrochromic device based on a dye copolymer–metal complex
Authors: Shen Ruipeng , Xi Haozhe , Wang Yuyang , Ren Guozhu , Liu Duo , Zhang Yu-Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: November 2022

A dye copolymer–metal complex with bistable black electrochromic property has been synthesized. The compatibility of different components has been optimized, which brings device satisfying bistability, contrast ratio and cyclic reversibility.
Comment on “Polymorphism of boron phosphide: theoretical investigation and experimental assessment” by V. L. Solozhenko and S. F. Matar, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 3937
Authors: Solozhenko Vladimir L. , Matar Samir F.
Published: November 2022

A refined crystal structure of rhombohedral boron phosphide from DFT study and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
A 1D Cu(i)–I-pyrazine coordination polymer with controlled pressure-induced phase transition and opto-electronic response depending on mechanical stimuli, temperature, and CuI content
Authors: Murillo María , Álvarez-Conde Javier , Wannemacher Reinhold , Cabanillas-González Juan , González-Platas Javier , Rodríguez-Mendoza Ulises R. , Liang Akun , Turnbull Robin , Errandonea Daniel , Martínez Jose Ignacio , Amo-Ochoa Pilar
Published: November 2022

Cu(i)–I, a 1D coordination polymer with controlled opto-electronic response to temperature, pressure, doping and defect generation.
Improving Clinical Competence Through Simulated Training in Evidence-Based Practice for Stuttering: A Pilot Study
Authors: Byrd Courtney T. , Croft Robyn L. , Kelly Ellen M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of an initial module (1.1; active listening skills) of the Simulated Training in Evidence-Based Practice for Stuttering (STEPS) program, a theory-driven, multimodule, content and learning platform designed to advance knowledge and skills in working with culturally and linguistically diverse persons who stutter of all ages.

Method:

Fifteen preservice speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were randomly assigned to complete either the STEPS 1.1 module or a control module. In both conditions, all participants engaged in pre– and post–clinical interviews with a standardized patient portraying a parent of a child who stutters. Prior to participation, all participants provided self-ratings on the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy–Health Profession Student. Post participation, trained observers rated all participants' active listening behaviors using the Active Listening Observation Scale–Modified. Post participation, the STEPS 1.1 participants also completed an intervention acceptability questionnaire.

Results:

No differences between groups were found in self-perceived clinical empathy prior to participation. Participants who completed the STEPS 1.1 condition utilized paraphrasing and client-directed eye gaze significantly more frequently at posttest than at pretest and significantly more than the control group at posttest. Quantitative and qualitative responses from the participants who completed STEPS 1.1 indicated high acceptability of its content, structure, duration, and perceived impact.

Conclusion:

Preliminary data from the present pilot study support use of the STEPS 1.1 module to improve preservice SLPs' use of skills that have been shown to predict perceived clinical empathy and increase assessment and treatment effectiveness.
Cognition‐inspired behavioural feature identification and motion planning ways for human‐like automated driving vehicles
Authors: Xie Shanshan , Zheng Jingyue , Wang Jianqiang
Published: November 2022

Human‐like automated driving strategies could have advantages in traffic safety and comfort. However, the primary features of human‐like driving behaviors are not clear yet. To deal with this problem, inspired by drivers’ cognition way, a simple method is proposed to identify the critical parameters for human‐like driving behaviors in extensive scenarios. Then with these parameters as terminal constraints, an interpretable motion planning method is developed in which the longitudinal and lateral planning units are coupled by some state information. With the driving data in the published literature, it is validated that the critical parameters match drivers’ behaviors well. With experiments on the simulation and real‐car platforms, it is validated that the motion planning method can generate diverse human‐like behaviors in multiple scenarios.
Data reduction and restoration of spectropolarimetric microlensed hyperspectral imager data
Authors: van Noort M. , Doerr H.-P.
Published: November 2022

Context. A microlensed hyperspectral imager (MiHI) is an integral field spectrograph based on a double-sided microlens array.

Aims. To convert the raw data frames of such an instrument to hyperspectral cubes, and restore them to high-resolution science-ready Stokes data, a new kind of data reduction procedure is required.

Methods. An optimized ad hoc transfer map of a MiHI prototype was used to convert the raw data into raw hyperspectral form. The transfer map was modified to match the position of the image on the detector, which was found to drift considerably during the course of an observing day. The determination of this position was used to move the recorded flat-field images to the position of the observation, which was found to be a critical step in the accurate gain correction of the raw data cubes. The converted data were found to be suitable for image restoration but still contained unwanted polarimetric structure that needed to be removed.

Results. The extracted and restored data were found to be of a similar spatial resolution as the equivalent data from the context imager, while retaining a spectral resolution of approximately 300 000. The noise properties of the raw data were determined by the photon statistics and were found to be consistent with the estimated transparency of the instrument and the integration time of the image sensor. As for all image-restored data, the noise properties of the restored data were found to be dependent on the instrumental and atmospheric point spread function. An attempt to compare the data to other similar data suggested that the data had a spectral and spatial information content comparable to that of a Hinode spectro-polarimetric scan, but with a higher spatial resolution and a temporal cadence of approximately 10s.
Therapeutische Aspekte beim Antiphospholipidsyndrom
Authors: Specker Christof
Published: November 2022

Das Antiphospholipidsyndrom (APS) wird klinisch durch venöse oder
arterielle Thrombosen sowie Schwangerschaftskomplikationen gekennzeichnet und
serologisch durch den Nachweis von Antiphospholipidantikörpern (aPL)
bzw. eines Lupusantikoagulans (LA). In den letzten Jahren wurde evident, dass
insbesondere bei Vorliegen aller drei serologischen Kriterien,
Antikörper gegen Cardiolipin (aCL), gegen ß2-Glykoprotein-1
(aß2-GP1) und ein positives Lupusantikoagulans, die sog.
Triple-Positivität, das Risiko für (weitere) thromboembolische
und geburtshilfliche Komplikationen deutlich erhöht ist. Therapeutisch
werden Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer (ASS), Heparin und Vitamin K Antagonisten
eingesetzt. Von der Verwendung direkter oraler Antikoagulantien beim APS wird
abgeraten. Eine Immunsuppression ist für die Vermeidung weiterer
thromboembolischer Komplikationen eines APS nicht wirksam.
Gliedmaßenfrakturen beim Kaninchen (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica)
Authors: Hetterich Johannes , Fehr Michael , Dierig Julie-Ann , Willems Anne , Reuschel Maximilian
Published: November 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Gliedmaßenfrakturen stellen einen Großteil der orthopädischen Erkrankungen beim Heimtier-Kaninchen dar und sind ein häufiger Vorstellungsgrund in derPraxis. Sowohl die Frakturätiologie als auch die Eigenschaften der Traumata unterscheiden sich im Vergleich zu den Patienten Hund und Katze. Die konservativen und chirurgischen Versorgungsmethoden müssen an diese Besonderheiten angepasst werden. Welche langfristigen Auswirkungen Frakturen und gewählte Therapieoptionen nach Abschluss des Therapiezeitraumes haben, ist für Kaninchen bisher wissenschaftlich nicht detailliert beschrieben.

Material und Methoden Der Artikel befasst sich im Rahmen einer Fallserie mit 13 Frakturpatienten, deren zurückliegendes Traumageschehen retrospektiv beleuchtet wird. Die Kaninchen wurden in Wiedervorstellungen sowohl orthopädisch als auch mit bildgebenden Verfahren erneut untersucht.

Ergebnisse Orthopädische Auffälligkeiten in Form von abduzierten Gliedmaßenhaltungen konnten im Rahmen der Kontrolluntersuchungen bei 4 Patienten festgestellt werden. Arthrotische Knochenzubildungen waren mittels bildgebender Verfahren bei 12 der 13 untersuchten Tiere darstellbar – in 6 Fällen in hochgradigem Ausmaß. In 10 von 13 Fällen konnte eine Verkürzung des frakturierten Knochens ermittelt werden.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Orthopädische Spätfolgen bei Frakturpatienten konnten im Patientengut mehrmalig nachgewiesen werden. Veränderungen der Gliedmaßenhaltung oder des Gangbildes werden nicht immer durch die Patientenbesitzer erkannt. Auch nach Abschluss der initialen Therapie sollten routinemäßige Kontrolluntersuchungen der Kaninchen erfolgen, um mögliche Spätfolgen zeitnah erkennen und gegebenenfalls adäquat behandeln zu können.
Synthesis of N-Acyl Pyrroles and Isoindoles from Oxime Ester Precursors via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Iminocarboxylation
Authors: Lee Daesung , Su Siyuan
Published: November 2022

We describe Pt(II)- and Fe(III)-catalyzed iminocarboxylations of oxime esters conjugated with 1,3-enyne and an ortho-alkynylarene moiety, followed by a spontaneous O→N acyl migration of the enol carboxylate intermediate to generate N-acyl pyrroles and isoindoles. The reaction scope for pyrrole synthesis is general, whereas the formation of isoindoles has a relatively narrow scope because of their instability.
Overuse of Proximal Fecal Diversion in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Lyman William Buckley , Whitlow Charles B.
Published: November 2022

Many surgeons tend to overuse proximal fecal diversion in the setting of colonic surgery. The decision to proximally divert an anastomosis should be made with careful consideration of the risks and benefits of proximal diversion. Proximal diversion does not decrease the rate of anastomotic leak, but it does decrease the severity of leaks. Anastomotic height for low pelvic anastomoses, hemodynamic instability, steroid use, male sex, obesity, malnutrition, smoking, and alcohol abuse increase the rate of anastomotic leak. Biologics, most immunosuppressive agents, unprepped colons, and radiation for rectal cancer do not contribute to increased rates of anastomotic leak.

Proximal fecal diversion creates additional potential morbidity, higher rates of readmission, and need for a subsequent hospitalization and operation for reversal. Additionally, diverted patients have higher rates of anastomotic stricture and delayed recognition of chronic leaks. These downsides to diversion must be weighed with a patient's perceived ability to handle the physiologic stress and consequences of a severe leak if reoperation is required. When trying to determine which patients can handle a leak, the modified frailty index can help to objectively determine a patient's risk for increased rate of morbidity and failure to rescue in the event of a leak.

While proximal diversion is still warranted in many cases, we find that certain clinical scenarios often lead to overuse of proximal diversion. The old surgical adage “If you are considering diverting, you should probably do it” should be tempered by an understanding of the risk and benefits of diversion.
Intraoperative Techniques for Gaining Ileoanal Pouch Reach
Authors: Mankarious Marc M. , Deutsch Michael J. , Jeganathan Nimalan A.
Published: November 2022

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis allows for reestablishing gastrointestinal continuity in patients after proctocolectomy. The technical elements of pouch creation and gaining reach into the pelvis are demanding and require a variety of surgical maneuvers to achieve a tension-free anastomosis. We present a brief review of the literature discussing various approaches aimed at improving ileal pouch reach into the low pelvis. Although these techniques are used with different frequencies, they serve as important adjuncts to the gastrointestinal surgeons' armamentarium.
The asymptotic stability of solitons for the focusing mKdV equation with weak weighted Sobolev initial data
Authors: Liu Anran , Fan Engui
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the focusing modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation in line with the weak weighted Sobolev initial data and without the small-norm assumption. We use the inverse scattering transform, the auto-Bäcklund transformation, and the ∂̄-steepest descent method to obtain the asymptotic stability of the solitons of the mKdV equation.
A new scenario for Braess’s paradox in power grids
Authors: Khramenkov V. A. , Dmitrichev A. S. , Nekorkin V. I.
Published: November 2022

We consider several topologies of power grids and analyze how the addition of transmission lines affects their dynamics. The main example we are dealing with is a power grid that has a tree-like three-element motif at the periphery. We establish conditions where the addition of a transmission line in the motif enhances its stability or induces Braess’s paradox and reduces stability of the entire grid. By using bifurcation theory and nonlocal stability analysis, we show that two scenarios for Braess’s paradox are realized in the grid. The first scenario is well described and is associated with the disappearance of the synchronous mode. The second scenario has not been previously described and is associated with the reduction of nonlocal stability of the synchronous mode due to the appearance of asynchronous modes. The necessary conditions for stable operation of the grid, under the addition of a line, are derived. It is proved that the new scenario for Braess’s paradox is realized in the grids with more complex topologies even when several lines are added in their bulks.
Graphop mean-field limits and synchronization for the stochastic Kuramoto model
Authors: Gkogkas Marios Antonios , Jüttner Benjamin , Kuehn Christian , Martens Erik Andreas
Published: November 2022

Models of coupled oscillator networks play an important role in describing collective synchronization dynamics in biological and technological systems. The Kuramoto model describes oscillator’s phase evolution and explains the transition from incoherent to coherent oscillations under simplifying assumptions, including all-to-all coupling with uniform strength. Real world networks, however, often display heterogeneous connectivity and coupling weights that influence the critical threshold for this transition. We formulate a general mean-field theory (Vlasov–Focker Planck equation) for stochastic Kuramoto-type phase oscillator models, valid for coupling graphs/networks with heterogeneous connectivity and coupling strengths, using graphop theory in the mean-field limit. Considering symmetric odd-valued coupling functions, we mathematically prove an exact formula for the critical threshold for the incoherence–coherence transition. We numerically test the predicted threshold using large finite-size representations of the network model. For a large class of graph models, we find that the numerical tests agree very well with the predicted threshold obtained from mean-field theory. However, the prediction is more difficult in practice for graph structures that are sufficiently sparse. Our findings open future research avenues toward a deeper understanding of mean-field theories for heterogeneous systems.
Fault detection of rotating machinery based on marine predator algorithm optimized resonance-based sparse signal decomposition and refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Shu Ling
Published: November 2022

Feature extraction is the key to the fault detection of rotating machinery based on vibration signals, and the quality of the features influences the reliability of the detection. This paper develops a fault feature extraction method of rotating machinery based on optimized resonance-based sparse signal decomposition and refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy. First, resonance-based sparse signal decomposition is used to decompose the vibration signals adaptively. In order to obtain the resonance-based sparse signal decomposition algorithm with optimal performance, the marine predator algorithm is used for the parameters optimization with correlation kurtosis as the fitness function. Subsequently, based on the refined composite coarse-grained process and fluctuation dispersion entropy, a refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy is developed, enabling a more accurate and comprehensive measure of the complexity of time series. Then, all feature matrices are input to the support matrix machine for fault identification. Experiments are conducted using two typical rotating machinery datasets for the validity of the proposed method, and comparisons are made with other methods. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other comparative methods regarding classification accuracy and stability. In addition, the proposed scheme can obtain relatively reliable classification results even when the data volume is small and the background noise is significant, demonstrating the scheme’s potential for application in practical engineering.
Alternative formulation of weak magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theory
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Ziebell Luiz F. , Choe Gwangson
Published: November 2022

In a recent paper [P. H. Yoon and G. Choe, Phys. Plasmas 28, 082306 (2021)], the weak turbulence theory for incompressible magnetohydrodynamics is formulated by employing the method customarily applied in the context of kinetic weak plasma turbulence theory. Such an approach simplified certain mathematical procedures including achieving the closure relationship. The formulation in the above-cited paper starts from the equations of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory expressed via Elsasser variables. The derivation of nonlinear wave kinetic equation therein is obtained via a truncated solution at the second-order of iteration following the standard practice. In the present paper, the weak MHD turbulence theory is alternatively formulated by employing the pristine form of incompressible MHD equation rather than that expressed in terms of Elsasser fields. The perturbative expansion of the nonlinear momentum equation is carried out up to the third-order iteration rather than imposing the truncation at the second order. It is found that while the resulting wave kinetic equation is identical to that obtained in the previous paper cited above, the third-order nonlinear correction plays an essential role for properly calculating derived quantities such as the total and residual energies.
Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system of equations
Authors: Dlotko Tomasz
Published: November 2022

A growing interest in considering the “hybrid systems” of equations describing more complicated physical phenomena was observed throughout the last 10 years. We mean here, in particular, the so-called Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard equation, the Navier–Stokes–Poison equations, or the Cahn–Hilliard–Hele–Shaw equation. There are specific difficulties connected with considering such systems. Using the semigroup approach, we discuss here the existence-uniqueness of solutions to the Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system, explaining, in particular, the limitation of maximal regularity of the local solutions imposed by the chosen boundary conditions.
Temperature of apparent natural ball lightning obtained by examination of the spectra
Authors: An Tingting , Yuan Ping , Cen Jianyong , Xue Simin , Wan Ruibin , Deng Hong , Liu Guorong , Wang Xuejuan
Published: November 2022

Based on the spectra of an apparent natural ball lightning (BL) taken by a slit-less spectrograph with a high-speed camera as a recording system in the Qinghai Plateau of China, the temperature and time-evolution characteristics of this object were investigated. We found that for most of its life, the BL maintains a generally stable luminosity with an obvious periodic oscillation that is only discernible on the spectra captured by the high-speed camera. Soil constituents (Si I, Fe I, and Ca I lines) contribute the majority of bright light, while air compositions (N I and O I lines) dominate the periodic feature of the BL. There are some differences between the temperature values calculated by the spectral lines of different elements in the spectrum. The temperature estimated by the O I lines was the highest, ranging from 7170 to 11 410 K. The mean temperatures gained by O I, Si I, and Fe I lines and continuous spectra were 8750, 4330, 4600, and 2700 K, respectively. This means that the BL has an energy source core, where the spectral lines with higher upper excitation energy should be more intense than that in its periphery. In addition, during the luminously stable stage, the temperature showed an obvious periodic oscillation with time, and its variation tendency was synchronous with the evolution of the light intensity and spectral characteristics.
Design of an electron cyclotron emission diagnostics suite for COMPASS Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Houshmandyar Saeid , Watts Thomas A. , Rowan William L. , Zajac Jaromir , Veselovsky Viktor , Ivanov Vladislav , Bogar Ondrej , Weinzettl Vladimir
Published: November 2022

COMPASS Upgrade is a medium size and high field tokamak that is capable of addressing key challenges for reactor grade tokamaks, including power exhaust and advanced confinement scenarios. Electron cyclotron emission will be available among the first diagnostics to provide measurements of high spatial and temporal resolution of electron temperature profiles and electron temperature fluctuation profiles through a radial view. A separate oblique view at 12° from normal will be utilized to study non-thermal electrons. Both the radial and oblique views are envisioned to be located in a wide-angle midplane port, which has dimensions that enable simultaneous hosting of the front-end of their quasi-optical (QO) designs. Each QO design will have an in situ hot calibration source in the front-end to provide standalone and calibrated Te (R,t) measurements. The conceptual design for each QO system, the Gaussian beam analysis, and the details of the diagnostic channels are presented.
On radiation dynamics in plasma relativistic microwave amplifier at the edge of electron beam pulse
Authors: Kartashov I. N. , Kuzelev M. V.
Published: November 2022

We consider dynamics of radiation of a plasma microwave amplifier on a surface wave at the leading edge of the relativistic electron beam pulse. It has been shown that depending on the electron density of the plasma, different modes of operation of the amplifier are possible. At low plasma density, there is an early activation of the amplifier with large gain at the leading edge of the electron beam pulse and a significant decrease in the amplification of the signal when the electron energy reaches a plateau. With a higher plasma density, a later activation takes place with an almost constant output amplitude. The effect of ponderomotive force on plasmas was discussed.
Lasing via excited state of type A InP/GaInP quantum dots embedded in microdisks
Authors: Lebedev D. V. , Mintairov A. M. , Vlasov A. S. , Kulagina M. M. , Guseva Yu. A. , Troshkov S. I. , Juska G. , Pelucchi E. , Gocalinska A.
Published: November 2022

We describe the growth, material characterization, and lasing of InP/GaInP quantum dot (QD) microdisks (diameter D = 2.2 μm, quality factor Q∼9000) with an emission lasing line of 693 nm (77 K). We demonstrate that MOVPE growth can result in two types of InP/GaInP QDs, differing in height (type A h∼5–10 nm, type B h∼20 nm), whose emission has different decay lifetimes (τA=0.6 ns, τB=2.4 ns). We show, importantly for technological microlasing applications, that lasing occurs via the excited states of type A QDs, as inferred from a number of experimental results: power-dependent photoluminescence, time-resolved experiments, and temperature dependence of the generation threshold.
Complexity and disequilibrium in the dipole-type Hamiltonian mean-field model
Authors: Atenas B. , Curilef S. , Pennini F.
Published: November 2022

This research studies information properties, such as complexity and disequilibrium, in the dipole-type Hamiltonian mean-field model. A fundamental analytical assessment is the partition function in the canonical ensemble to derive statistical, thermodynamical, and information measures. They are also analytical, dependent on the number of particles, consistent with the theory for high temperatures, and rising some limitations at shallow temperatures, giving us a notion of the classicality of the system defining an interval of temperatures where the model is well working.
Scattering of energetic electrons through nonlinear cyclotron resonance with coherent whistler-mode hiss emissions
Authors: Tobita Miwa , Omura Yoshiharu
Published: November 2022

Recent observations have revealed that plasmaspheric hiss consists of many discrete waves called “hiss elements.” However, the interaction of energetic electrons (10 keV to several MeV) with the plasmaspheric hiss has only been simulated by the quasilinear (QL) diffusion theory, which does not take the fine wave structure into account. The QL theory cannot address nonlinear particle motions determined by the inhomogeneity factor, which influences the scattering of electrons in pitch angle and energy. This study aims to identify differences between the nonlinear wave–particle interaction and QL theory for plasmaspheric hiss emissions. We conduct test particle simulations to demonstrate the nonlinear interactions between hiss waves and electrons. The nonlinear theory is used to model hiss elements consisting of discrete frequencies and continuous phases. Unlike the other theories, the frequency and amplitude variations in time of the hiss packet are taken into account. Frequencies of the packets are determined to satisfy the separability criterion; when the criterion is met, resonance overlapping is absent, and the electrons can generate each wave element independently. The realistic simulation model of hiss waves reproduces the scattering of electrons by both first- and second-order resonances. We also evaluate the efficiency of electron scattering by calculating nonlinear diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficient of equatorial pitch angle is of the same order of magnitude as those calculated by the QL diffusion theory, while we find the effective acceleration of resonant electrons by successive nonlinear trapping, which is not evaluated by the QL theory.
Ab initio investigation of elastic properties of dilute Cu alloys for high-gradient accelerating structures
Authors: Wang Gaoxue , Simakov Evgenya I. , Perez Danny
Published: November 2022

The elastic properties and solid solution strengthening of several Cu alloys that may be promising for high gradient applications were studied using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. Specifically, the temperature and solute concentration dependence of elastic properties including bulk and shear moduli, thermal expansion coefficient, and heat capacity of these alloys were calculated. We found that the bulk and shear moduli are linearly dependent on the solute concentration in the dilute regime and change significantly for different Cu alloys. The thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity are comparatively less sensitive to solute concentrations. Solid solution strengthening is observed to be linearly correlated with the change of lattice parameter of Cu. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the elastic properties of Cu alloys, which is key for predicting their performance at high gradient in normal conducting accelerating structures.