bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R&D Activities of EUV Lithography at NewSUBARU, and Possibility of Beyond EUV
Authors: Watanabe Takeo , Harada Tetsuo , Yamakawa Shinji
Published: June 2022

The R&D of basic technologies such as mask, resist, optical element, optics. have been carried out at NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility since 1996. EUV Lithography started use in production from 2019 for 7 nm node logic devices and from 2020 for 5 nm node logic devices. Current status and prospect of EUV and usage probability of BEUV will be reported. And the necessity of BEUV-FEL will be discussed.
Compression and characterization of ultrashort pulses at 1.5 and 3 µm wavelength
Authors: Naranjo-Montoya O. A. , Bridger M. , Tarasevitch A. , Bovensiepen U.
Published: June 2022

We report on compression and characterization of pulses with duration and energy of respectively 54 fs, and 1600 µJ at 1.5 µm wavelength and 41 fs, and 600 µm, at 3 µm wavelength.
Attosecond multi-photon multi-electron dynamics
Authors: Kretschmar M. , Hadjipittas A. , Major B. , Tümmler J. , Will I. , Nagy T. , Vrakking M. J. J. , Emmanouilidou A. , Schütte B.
Published: June 2022

The non-linear ionization dynamics of atoms by XUV photons are studied as a function of both the temporal and spatial overlap between two intense attosecond pulse trains, allowing us to identify complex multi-photon ionization pathways.
Investigation of Quantum Path Interferences in High Harmonic Generation Driven by Chirped Laser Pulses
Authors: Csizmadia Tamás , Oldal Lénárd Gulyás , Ye Peng , Majorosi Szilárd , Tzallas Paraskevas , Sansone Giuseppe , Tosa Valer , Varjú Katalin , Major Balázs , Kahaly Subhendu
Published: June 2022

We present the results of microscopic and macroscopic simulations on electron quantum path interferences during high harmonic generation in atomic gas medium driven by various ultrashort chirped driving laser pulses.
High-repetition-rate Extreme-ultraviolet Attosecond Beamlines of ELI ALPS
Authors: Grósz Tímea , Oldal Lénárd Gulyás , Csizmadia Tamás , Ye Peng , Filus Zoltán , De Marco Massimo , Major Balázs
Published: June 2022

We present current status and recent experiments carried out with the attosecond beamlines of Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source driven by the 100 kHz, high-repetition-rate (HR-1) laser system.
X-ray dose and spectrum measurements with a novel X-ray detector for potential hazards of laser-matter interaction
Authors: Mosel P. , Sankar P. , Appi E. , Düsing J. F. , Dittmar G. , Püster T. , Jäschke P. , Vahlbruch J.-W. , Morgner U. , Kovacev M.
Published: June 2022

A broad range of ultrashort laser-matter processing can potentially lead to hazardous X-ray emission. By employing a novel calibrated X-ray detector, we study the dose rate and spectral emission with respect to different laser parameters.
Generation of Multi-TW sub-4-fs Light Pulses via Temporal Superresolution in an Optical Parametric Synthesizer
Authors: MUSCHET A. A. , DE ANDRES A. , FISCHER P. , SALH R. , VEISZ L.
Published: June 2022

The spectral phase and amplitude of a multi-TW laser with a Fourier transform limit of 4.6 fs was optimized to obtain 3.9 fs pulses with >5TW, providing the most energetic sub-4-fs pulses in the world.
Imaging complex chiral molecular structure using laser-induced electron diffraction of machine learning with atomic resolution
Authors: Liu Xinyao , Amini Kasra , Sanchez Aurelien , Belsa Blanca , Steinle Tobias , Chirvi Katharina , Biegert Jens
Published: June 2022

We establish the laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) technique combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) to image the complex chiral molecule-Fenchone (C10H16O) with atomic resolution.
Carrier-Envelope Phase Controlled Electron Dynamics in a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator
Authors: Huijts Julius , Rovige Lucas , Monzac Joséphine , Andriyash Igor A. , Vernier Aline , Ouillé Marie , Kaur Jaismeen , Cheng Zhao , Lopez-Martens Rodrigo , Faure Jérôme
Published: June 2022

We report on the first observation and control of carrier-envelope phase effects in Laser Wakefield Acceleration. These effects imply the breakdown of the cycle-averaged ponderomotive approximation and are explained through highly localized off-axis electron injection.
Step-Scan Tuning of Vernier Quantum-Cascade Lasers for Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Molecules
Authors: Brechbühler Raphael , Selaković Miloš , Scheidegger Philipp , Looser Herbert , Kupferschmid André , Emmenegger Lukas , Tuzson Béla
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a fast and flexible driving scheme that fully exploits the potential of extended-tuning quantum-cascade lasers (QC-XT). Integrated in a spectroscopic setting, it enables the sensitive and selective detection of volatile organic molecules.
On-field NH3 remote sensing based on a fast wavelength modulated OPO system
Authors: Defossez F. , Hernandez Y. , Lecourt J-B , Gognau A. , Boivinet S. , Vallon R. , Parvitte B. , Zéninari V. , Brohez S. , Dewaele D. , Cazier F. , Peremans A. , Lamard L. , Baylon A.
Published: June 2022

We report on real-time and on-field NH3 remote sensing based on a 100 Hz wavelength modulated optical parametric oscillator. Concentrations between 85 and 350 ppm were measured at a distance of ten meters.
Carrier to Envelope Phase (CEP) Stable, femtosecond Cr:ZnSe Laser in Mid Infrared
Authors: Komm Pavel , Sheintop Uzziel , Noach Salman , Marcus Gilad
Published: June 2022

Cr:ZnSe laser amplifier resulted more than 40 uJ , 72fs pulses, at λ0 ~ 2375nm. The CEP stability of the parametrically generated seed stands firm through 6 orders of magnitude of amplification.
The ELI-ALPS MIR-HE Laser System - Design and Status
Authors: Golz T. , Starosielec S. , Buss J. H. , Merkl P. , Zapolnova E. , Schulz M. , Petev M. , Prandolini M. J. , Riedel R.
Published: June 2022

We report the design for a high-power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) at 3200 nm central wavelength for the MIR-HE laser at ELI-ALPS, aiming to provide 20 mJ pulse energy and sub-2.5 cycles pulse length.
Dissipative Quadratic Solitons: Few-Cycle Frequency Combs in the Mid-IR
Authors: Marandi Alireza
Published: June 2022

We present recent experimental results on formation of dissipative quadratic solitons in low-finesse high-gain optical parametric oscillators. Such solitons lead to few-cycle frequency combs in the mid-infrared and can be realized in on-chip platforms.
M2 factor estimation in few-mode fibers based on a shallow neural network
Authors: Jiang Min , An Yi , Huang Liangjin , Li Jun , Leng Jinyong , Su Rongtao , Zhou Pu
Published: June 2022

A high-accuracy, high-speed, and low-cost M2 factor estimation method for few-mode fibers based on a shallow neural network is presented in this work. Benefiting from the dimensionality reduction technique, which transforms the two-dimension near-field image into a one-dimension vector, a neural network with only two hidden layers can estimate the M2 factor directly. In the simulation, the mean estimation error is smaller than 3% even when the mode number increases to 10. The estimation time of 10000 simulation test samples is around 0.16s, which indicates a high potential for real-time applications. The experiment results of 50 samples from the 3-mode fiber have a mean estimation error of 0.86%. The strategies involved in this method can be easily extended to other applications related to laser characterization.
Transmissive coding metasurface with dual-circularly polarized multi-beam
Authors: Li Si Jia , Han Bo Wen , Li Zhuo Yue , Liu Xiao Bin , Huang Guo Shai , Li Rui Qi , Cao Xiang Yu
Published: June 2022

The Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase can be used to control the phase of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. However, there are few studies on the modulation of dual-circularly polarized multi-beam using the transmissive coding metasurface. A scheme of spin-controlling multi-beam by transmissive coding metasurface is proposed for dual-circular polarization simultaneously. The transmissive coding metasurface (TCMS) can transmit linearly polarized incidence into multi-beam with orthogonally circular polarization. The phase distribution is designed based the convolution theorem, and the elements of metasurface conforming to the PB phase are arranged according to the phase distribution. In order to compensate the emitting spherical waves into plane waves and realize the transmissive waves with dual-circular polarization, an interesting scheme of elements in different regions with different rotating phase are presented based on the principle of phase compensation. TCMS can transmit linearly polarized waves into two left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) beams and two right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) beams. The prototype of TCMS is fabricated and measured, and the experimental results agree well with the simulated data. The transmissive metasurface has potential application in holograms and satellite communication.
64 Tb/s DWDM Transmission over 100 km G.654D Fiber Using Super C-Band Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplification
Authors: Pittalà Fabio , Böcherer Georg , Schulte Patrick , Schaedler Maximilian , Calabrò Stefano , Zheng Bofang , Xie Changsong , Kuschnerov Maxim
Published: June 2022

We report a record of 72.64 Tb/s WDM transmission at 12.29 bits/s/Hz
over 100 km G.654D fiber. Super C-band EDFAs with 6 THz gain spectrum
are used to transmit 43 130 GBaud DP-PCS256QAM channels.
Characterization of pixelated nanogratings in 3D holographic display by an imaging Mueller matrix ellipsometry
Authors: Chen Chao , Chen Xiuguo , Xia Zhongwen , Shi Jiacheng , Sheng Sheng , Qiao Wen , Liu Shiyuan
Published: June 2022

The diffraction grating, as an element that can control the direction of the emitted light, is the key component used in holographic sampling three-dimensional (3D) displays. The structural accuracy of nanogratings greatly affects the precision of light modulation, thus influencing the cross talk and resolution in 3D displays. It is of great significance for the nondestructive measurement of nanogratings. However, existing measurement methods have certain limitations such as destructiveness and low measurement efficiency in the face of measuring such pixelated nanogratings. In this work, aimed at the measurement requirements and challenges of pixelated nanogratings in 3D displays, we propose to use a self-designed imaging Mueller matrix ellipsometer (IMME) for grating characterization. A sample containing 6 periods and 10 orientations of pixelated gratings is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the method used. Through the measurement and fitting data, the measurement data obtained by using the IMME can be well matched with the theoretical results. At the same time, the extraction results of the structural parameters, periods, and orientations are also consistent with the measurement results from scanning electron microscopy. It is expected that the IMME will provide a guarantee for the accurate display of 3D holography.
Photoreflectance studies of the band gap alignments in boron diluted BGaInAs/GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Mączko Herbert S. , El-Jaroudi Rasha H. , Kopaczek Jan , Bank Seth R. , Kudrawiec Robert
Published: June 2022

Band gap alignments of BGaInAs/GaAs quantum wells with mole fractions of indium around 40% and mole fractions of boron ranging from 0% up to 4.75% are studied experimentally by photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL). Obtained results are explained within a
k
 · 
p
model within an envelope function approximation. The study shows an increase of the valence band offset with an addition of boron into the thin film at a rate of around 4.2% per 1% of boron incorporated. Non-zero bowing parameters of valence band offsets for ternary alloys with boron (BGaAs and BInAs) are estimated. Moreover, it was observed that unlike in other highly mismatched alloy systems the incorporation of boron does not significantly deteriorate the optical quality of the studied samples, i.e., the broadening of optical transitions observed in PR and PL is very comparable to that observed for the reference QW, and the PL properties of boron containing QWs are similar to the reference boron free QW. Some deterioration of optical quality due to the increased alloy inhomogeneity is observed only for the sample with the highest concentration of B (4.2%).
Covalent docking and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the specificity-shifting mutations Ala237Arg and Ala237Lys in TEM beta-lactamase
Authors: Silva Gabriel Monteiro da , Yang Jordan , Leang Bunlong , Huang Jessie , Weinreich Daniel M. , Rubenstein Brenda M.
Published: June 2022

The rate of modern drug discovery using experimental screening methods still lags behind the rate at which pathogens mutate, underscoring the need for fast and accurate predictive simulations of protein evolution. Multidrug-resistant bacteria evade our defenses by expressing a series of proteins, the most famous of which is the 29-kilodalton enzyme, TEM β-lactamase. Considering these challenges, we applied a covalent docking heuristic to measure the effects of all possible alanine 237 substitutions in TEM due to this codon’s importance for catalysis and effects on the binding affinities of commercially-available β-lactam compounds. In addition to the usual mutations that reduce substrate binding due to steric hindrance, we identified two distinctive specificity-shifting TEM mutations, Ala237Arg and Ala237Lys, and their respective modes of action. Notably, we discovered and verified through minimum inhibitory concentration assays that, while these mutations and their bulkier side chains lead to steric clashes that curtail ampicillin binding, these same groups foster salt bridges with the negatively-charged side-chain of the cephalosporin cefixime, widely used in the clinic to treat multi-resistant bacterial infections. To measure the stability of these unexpected interactions, we used molecular dynamics simulations and found the binding modes to be stable despite the application of biasing forces. Finally, we found that both TEM mutants also bind strongly to other drugs containing negatively-charged R-groups, such as carumonam and ceftibuten. As with cefixime, this increased binding affinity stems from a salt bridge between the compounds’ negative moieties and the positively-charged side chain of the arginine or lysine, suggesting a shared mechanism. In addition to reaffirming the power of using simulations as molecular microscopes, our results can guide the rational design of next-generation β-lactam antibiotics and bring the community closer to retaking the lead against the recurrent threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Ig-VAE: Generative modeling of protein structure by direct 3D coordinate generation
Authors: Eguchi Raphael R. , Choe Christian A. , Huang Po-Ssu
Published: June 2022

While deep learning models have seen increasing applications in protein science, few have been implemented for protein backbone generation—an important task in structure-based problems such as active site and interface design. We present a new approach to building class-specific backbones, using a variational auto-encoder to directly generate the 3D coordinates of immunoglobulins. Our model is torsion- and distance-aware, learns a high-resolution embedding of the dataset, and generates novel, high-quality structures compatible with existing design tools. We show that the Ig-VAE can be used with Rosetta to create a computational model of a SARS-CoV2-RBD binder via latent space sampling. We further demonstrate that the model’s generative prior is a powerful tool for guiding computational protein design, motivating a new paradigm under which backbone design is solved as constrained optimization problem in the latent space of a generative model.
The role of cofeeding arthropods in the transmission of Rickettsia felis
Authors: Fongsaran Chanida , Jirakanwisal Krit , Tongluan Natthida , Latour Allison , Healy Sean , Christofferson Rebecca C. , Macaluso Kevin R.
Published: June 2022

Rickettsia felis is an emerging etiological agent of rickettsioses worldwide. The cosmopolitan cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is the primary vector of R. felis, but R. felis has also been reported in other species of hematophagous arthropods including ticks and mosquitoes. Canines can serve as a bacteremic host to infect fleas under laboratory conditions, yet isolation of R. felis from the blood of a vertebrate host in nature has not been realized. Cofeeding transmission is an efficient mechanism for transmitting rickettsiae between infected and uninfected fleas; however, the mechanism of transmission among different orders and classes of arthropods is not known. The potential for R. felis transmission between infected fleas and tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) hosts was examined via cofeeding bioassays. Donor cat fleas infected with R. felis transmitted the agent to naïve D. variabilis nymphs via cofeeding on a rat host. Subsequent transstadial transmission of R. felis from the engorged nymphs to the adult ticks was observed with reduced prevalence in adult ticks. Using an artificial host system, An. quadrimaculatus exposed to a R. felis-infected blood meal acquired rickettsiae and maintained infection over 12 days post-exposure (dpe). Similar to ticks, mosquitoes were able to acquire R. felis while cofeeding with infected cat fleas on rats infection persisting in the mosquito for up to 3 dpe. The results indicate R. felis-infected cat fleas can transmit rickettsiae to both ticks and mosquitoes via cofeeding on a vertebrate host, thus providing a potential avenue for the diversity of R. felis-infected arthropods in nature.
What drives wolf preference towards wild ungulates? Insights from a multi-prey system in the Slovak Carpathians
Authors: Guimarães Nuno F. , Álvares Francisco , Ďurová Jana , Urban Peter , Bučko Jozef , Iľko Tomáš , Brndiar Jaro , Štofik Jozef , Pataky Tibor , Barančeková Miroslava , Kropil Rudolf , Smolko Peter
Published: June 2022

The wolf is a generalist-opportunistic predator that displays diverse and remarkably adaptable feeding strategies across its range with local adaptations to certain prey species depending on their availability and vulnerability. The multi-prey system of the Slovak Carpathians supports important portion of the European wolf population; however, it has been markedly understudied. We evaluated winter diet composition and prey selection of Slovak wolves based on 321 scat samples collected between September–April within four different study areas during 2015–2017. The winter diet of wolves in the Slovak Carpathians was characterized by a 98% occurrence of wild large-sized and medium-sized ungulates with red deer occurring in wolf scats most often, consistent with their highest density among other wild ungulates. However, by comparing the consumption with availability of wild prey, we found that wolves in fact selected for wild boar especially in areas with higher altitudinal range, while selected for red deer in areas with low altitudinal range where this prey species was more spatially predictable. Although wolves showed the potential to switch between red deer and wild boar when their density increases, we found that this variation can be rather linked to changing prey vulnerability, which is dependent on particular environmental conditions at local scale such as topography and snow accumulation. The present study provides valuable insights into the winter foraging ecology of Slovak wolves in a multi-prey system of the Carpathians and allows for practical implications in the management of the rapidly increasing populations of wild ungulates across Europe.
Researchers’ perspective of real-world impact from UK public health research: A qualitative study
Authors: Lakin Kay , Meadmore Katie , Recio Saucedo Alejandra , Baker Genevieve , Worswick Louise , Thomas Sarah
Published: June 2022

Research funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research Programme is being undertaken in a complex system which brings opportunities and challenges for researchers to maximise the impact of their research. This study seeks to better understand the facilitators, challenges and barriers to research impact and knowledge mobilisation from the perspective of UK public health researchers. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, informed by the Payback Framework, with public health researchers who held a research award with the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme up to March 2017 was conducted. Following a thematic analysis, three strongly interlinked themes were extracted from the data and three key factors were highlighted as important for facilitating knowledge mobilisation and impact in UK public health research: (1) Public health researcher’s perception of the purpose of the research (2) Approaches to undertaking Knowledge mobilisation activities (3) The complex nature of public health research in the wider research context. These have been reflected onto the Payback framework. Public health researchers can maximise the likelihood for impact by being aware of the context in which they are undertaking research, using different methods, and employing several strategies to take advantage of opportunities. There is a need to support researchers with knowledge mobilisation activities and for funders to identify their expectations of the impact resulting from research. Our findings have relevance to public health researchers and funders interested in increasing the benefit that research brings to society.
Hypolipidemic activity of lactic acid bacteria: Adjunct therapy for potential probiotics
Authors: Ali Shima Mahmoud , Salem Fatma E. , Aboulwafa Mohammad M. , Shawky Riham M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Individuals with hyperlipidemia are two times more likely to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as opposed to those with controlled serum total cholesterol (TC) levels. Considering the documented adverse events of the current lipid-lowering medications which ultimately affect patient’s compliance, substantial efforts have been made to develop new therapeutic strategies. Probiotics, on the other hand, are reported to have lipid-lowering activity with the added benefit of being generally well-tolerated making it an appealing adjuvant therapy.

Methods

A total of fifty Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from raw milk (human and animal) and dairy products. Isolates demonstrating promising in vitro cholesterol removal capabilities were morphologically and biochemically characterized. Lastly, two bacterial candidates were selected for evaluation of their potential hypolipidemic activity using a laboratory animal model. Statistical differences between the means were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Most of the isolates demonstrated an in vitro cholesterol removal activity. The six LAB isolates showing the highest cholesterol removal activity (36.5–55.6%) were morphologically and biochemically identified as Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactococcus species. The results demonstrated two promising antihyperlipidemic candidates, a Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis with an in vivo significant reduction of serum triglycerides (TG) levels by 34.3%, and a Pediococcus sp. that was able to significantly reduce both the serum TC and TG levels by 17.3% and 47.0%, respectively, as compared to the diet-induced hyperlipidemic animal group.

Conclusion

This study further supports the growing evidence regarding the antihyperlipidemic activity among probiotics, presenting them as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of hyperlipidemia.
Improving mental health and social participation outcomes in older adults with depression and anxiety: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Jessamine Tsan-Hsiang , Wuthrich Viviana M. , Rapee Ronald M. , Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry , Cutler Henry , Low Lee-Fay , Georgiou Andrew , Johnco Carly , Jones Michael , Meuldijk Denise , Partington Andrew
Published: June 2022

Background

Increasing both the frequency and quality of social interactions within treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in older adults may improve their mental health outcomes and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost utility of an enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) plus social participation program in a sample of older adults with depression and/or anxiety.

Methods

A total of 172 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with an anxiety and/or depressive disorder will be randomly allocated to either an enhanced CBT plus social participation program (n = 86) or standard CBT (n = 86). Both treatments will be delivered during 12 weekly individual sessions utilising structured manuals and workbooks. Participants will be assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome evaluates mean change in clinician-rated diagnostic severity of anxiety and depressive disorders from baseline to post-treatment (primary endpoint) based on a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Secondary outcomes evaluate changes in symptomatology on self-report anxiety and depression measures, as well as changes in social/community participation, social network, and perceived social support, loneliness, quality of life, and use of health services. Economic benefits will be evaluated using a cost-utility analysis to derive the incremental cost utility ratios for the enhanced CBT program.

Discussion

Outcomes from this study will provide support for the establishment of improved psychosocial treatment for older adults with anxiety and/or depression. Study outcomes will also provide health systems with a clear means to reduce the impact of poor emotional health in older age and its associated economic burden. In addition to the empirical validation of a novel treatment, the current study will contribute to the current understanding of the role of social participation in older adult wellbeing.

Trial registration

Prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ACTRN12619000242123; registered 19th February 2019) and the ISRCTN registry (ID: ISRCTN78951376; registered 10th July 2019).
Identifying corridors of river recovery in coastal NSW Australia, for use in river management decision support and prioritisation systems
Authors: Agnew Danelle , Fryirs Kirstie
Published: June 2022

By connecting corridors of river recovery, resilience can be built into river systems to mitigate against future floods and droughts driven by anthropogenic disturbance or climate extremes. However, identifying where these corridors can be built is still lacking in river management practice. The Open Access NSW River Styles database contains comprehensive information on geomorphic river condition and recovery potential. The database can be used to systematically analyse where corridors of river recovery could be created via conservation or rehabilitation. Analysis was undertaken in ArcGIS using the recovery potential layer along 84,342 km of freshwater stream length, across 20 catchments of coastal NSW. We identified 4,905 km of reach connections, defined as an upstream to downstream section of river that is connected end-to-end, and 17,429 km of loci connections defined as more isolated sections of river from which recovery can be seeded and extended into adjacent reaches. There was significant spatial variability in the types and lengths of connections made across the catchments. Some catchments have significant potential to build corridors of recovery along large sections of river, whereas other catchments are more fragmented. These results provide practitioners with a user-friendly distillation of where river conservation and rehabilitation activities could be focussed when working with river recovery in practice. Combined with local on-ground knowledge, this information forms an important input to evidence-based prioritisation and decision making in river management.
Use of Ulva reticulata as a growth supplement for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Abu Nor Jawahir , Bujang Japar Sidik , Zakaria Muta Harah , Zulkifly Shahrizim
Published: June 2022

Mass proliferation and accumulation of the green macroalga Ulva reticulata are problems in coastal areas and affect other ecosystems, such as those involving seagrasses. In the absence of any intervention, the decomposition of these macroalgae over time can disrupt the balance of recipient ecosystems. Attention has been given to the potential use of U. reticulata as a supplier of nutrients for crop species such as tomatoes as a possible solution to the buildup of this unusable seaweed species, which is usually left to decompose in affected seagrass ecosystems; this is the case in the Merambong seagrass meadow in the Sungai Pulai estuary in Gelang Patah, southwestern Johor, Malaysia. We analyzed the macro- and micronutrient contents in U. reticulata to determine nutrient availability. We also performed greenhouse studies to test the effects of crude extracts from dried U. reticulata-Extract “A” and fresh U. reticulata-Extract “B” on plant growth, total yield, and quality vine-ripened fruits. Compared to other seaweed extracts used as plant growth promoters, U. reticulata extracts have higher nitrogen (N), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) contents. The application of 30% Extracts “A” and “B” and 50% Extracts “A” and “B” significantly affected tomato plant height. However, extract concentrations that promoted plant height and hastened flowering and fruiting did not increase total fruit yields. Both treatments that positively affected tomato plant height and hastened flowering and fruiting resulted in increased contents of total soluble solids (TSS), beta-carotene, lycopene, ascorbic acid and total titratable acidity (TTA) in the vine-ripened fruits. Agronomically, the application of 5% Extracts “A” and “B”, 10%-20% Extracts “A” and “B”, and 50% Extract “A” doubled the total yield compared to those of the control, and 40% Extract “A” resulted in the highest total fruit yield. In general, tomato plants responded well to Extract “A” than Extract “B” and presented good total fruit yield and quality.
Between Mermaid and Cosmonaut: Another Past is Possible
Authors: Earnest Jarrett
Published: June 2022

Introduction to PUBLIC 65: DEVOTION: Today’s Future Becomes Tomorrow’s Archive
A Pietà for the 80s
Authors: Frame Allen
Published: June 2022

An essay exploring a particular pietà iconography in the work of Darrel Ellis, related to the art world context of his life in 80s New York City.
Two Hungry Children: A Prodigal Return
Authors: Sharpe Cason
Published: June 2022

An essay about the author’s long term collaboration with Kalale Dalton-Lutale, focusing on histories of queer artists of color in Canada, and their own podcasted conversation, “Two Hungry Children”, as an archive.
O CONTROLE DA EXECUÇÃO PENAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARADA ENTRE BRASIL E FRANÇA
Authors: Adriano Japiassú Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: O artigo discute o controle da execução penal como instrumento de proteção dos Direitos Humanos e compara os modelos existentes no Brasil e na França.Objetivo: Com o objetivo de encontrar outras possibilidades de monitoramento externo do cumprimento das penas, o artigo aborda sobre o modelo concentrado de controle da Execução Penal, estabelecido na França, a partir da Resolução de 17 de dezembro de 1998, do Parlamento Europeu.Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada é a revisão histórica e bibliográfica.Resultado: Conclui-se que o controle da execução penal se trata de medida necessária para a melhoria do sistema penitenciário brasileiro e, apesar de o país contar com variados órgãos de controle, segue violando os direitos fundamentais das pessoas privadas de liberdade. Assim, o modelo concentrado francês e as diretrizes europeias de prevenção e combate à tortura e a penas desumanas, cruéis ou degradantes, são importantes métodos para se considerar nas modificações pretendidas nos locais de privação de liberdade.
Esettanulmány a vizuális modalitású nem verbális viselkedés multimodális kommunikációban betöltött szerepéről
Authors: Németh T. Enikő , Szabó Éva , Császár Dorina , Gera Renáta , Béres Tamara
Published: June 2022

Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a vizuális modalitású nem verbális viselkedés milyen szerepet tölt be a multimodális verbális kommunikációban. A multimodális verbális kommunikáció elméleti szempontú jellemzéséből kiindulva empirikus elemzéseken keresztül megmutatjuk, hogy a multimodális verbális kommunikációban a különböző nem verbális és verbális modalitások kontextusfüggő módon, együttesen hogyan hozzák létre a közvetített tartalmakat. Emellett az esettanulmány olyan szempontokat ismertet, melyek társadalmilag is hasznosíthatók, mivel a verbális és nem verbális viselkedés elemzésével feltárja, miért olyan népszerűek és hatásosak a járványszkeptikus és oltásellenes nézetek képviselői.
Comparing Predicted Probability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis With the General Population: An Opportunity to Improve Risk Communication?
Authors: Innes Hamish , Hamill Victoria , McDonald Scott A. , Hayes Peter C. , Johnson Philip , Dillon John F. , Bishop Jen , Yeung Alan , Went April , Barclay Stephen T. , Fraser Andrew , Bathgate Andrew , Goldberg David J. , Hutchinson Sharon J.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Risk scores estimating a patient's probability of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis are abundant but are difficult to interpret in isolation. We compared the predicted HCC probability for individuals with cirrhosis and cured hepatitis C with the general population (GP).

METHODS:

All patients with cirrhosis achieving sustained viral response (SVR) in Scotland by April 2018 were included (N = 1,803). The predicted 3-year probability of HCC at time of SVR achievement was determined using the aMAP prognostic model. GP data on the total number of incident HCCs in Scotland, stratified by demographics, were obtained from Public Health Scotland. Predicted HCC risk of cirrhosis SVR patients was compared with GP incidence using 2 metrics: (i) incidence ratio: i.e., 3-year predicted probability for a given patient divided by the 3-year probability in GP for the equivalent demographic group and (ii) absolute risk difference: the 3-year predicted probability minus the 3-year probability in the GP.

RESULTS:

The mean predicted 3-year HCC probability among cirrhosis SVR patients was 3.64% (range: 0.012%–36.12%). Conversely, the 3-year HCC probability in the GP was much lower, ranging from <0.0001% to 0.25% depending on demographics. The mean incidence ratio was 410, ranging from 5 to >10,000. The mean absolute risk difference was 3.61%, ranging from 0.012% to 35.9%. An online HCC-GP comparison calculator for use by patients/clinicians is available at https://thrive-svr.shinyapps.io/RShiny/.

DISCUSSION:

Comparing a patient's predicted HCC probability with the GP is feasible and may help clinicians communicate risk information and encourage screening uptake.
Artificial Intelligence and Device-Assisted Enteroscopy: Automatic Detection of Enteric Protruding Lesions Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Cardoso Pedro , Saraiva Miguel Mascarenhas , Afonso João , Ribeiro Tiago , Andrade Patrícia , Ferreira João , Cardoso Hélder , Macedo Guilherme
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) plays a major role in the investigation and endoscopic treatment of small bowel diseases. Recently, the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to gastroenterology has been the focus of great interest. Our aim was to develop an AI model for the automatic detection of protruding lesions in DAE images.

METHODS:

A deep learning algorithm based on a convolutional neural network was designed. Each frame was evaluated for the presence of enteric protruding lesions. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the performance of the convolutional neural network.

RESULTS:

A total of 7,925 images from 72 patients were included. Our model had a sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 97.4%, respectively. The area under the curve was 1.00.

DISCUSSION:

Our model was able to efficiently detect enteric protruding lesions. The development of AI tools may enhance the diagnostic capacity of deep enteroscopy techniques.
Correction of sagittal imbalance after previous surgical interventions for degenerative lumbar spine disease
Authors: Baikov E. S. , Peleganchuk A. V. , Sanginov A. J. , Leonova O. N. , Krutko A. V.
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze clinical and radiological results of corrective fusion in the lumbar spine in the treatment of patients with sagittal imbalance after previous surgical interventions.

Material and Methods. A retrospective monocentric study, clinical case series. The data of 18 patients operated on using a combination of surgical methods with obligatory anterior corrective  fusion at the L4–L5 and/or L5–S1 levels to achieve optimal parameters of the sagittal balance  disturbed or developed after previous interventions were analyzed. Clinical and radiological parameters were assessed during hospital stay and at least 10 months later.

Results. The study presents data from 3 (16.7 %) men and 15 (83.3 %) women with an average age of 57.5 ± 9.1 years. Average length of hospital stay was 26.9 ± 10.1 days. In 7 (38.9 %) cases, the deformity occurred at the previously operated level and in 11 (61.1 %) – at the adjacent one. The duration of surgery was 481.4 ± 101.7 minutes, and blood loss was 1028.9 ± 594.9 ml. Back and leg pain VAS scores decreased in 10–19 months after surgery from 6.4 ± 0.9 and 4.8 ± 1.3 to 3.2 ± 1.2 and 0.9 ± 0.8, respectively (p < 0.001). The ODI score decreased from 59.6 ± 5.9 to 39.9 ± 7.7 (p < 0.001). The ideal Roussouly type was restored in 11 (61.1 %) cases, below ideal – in 3 (16.7 %), and overcorrection – in 4 (22.2 %). LL increased from 48.1 ± 13.6 ° to 56.9 ± 11.6 ° (p < 0.001), and LDI – from 40.1 ± 16.9 to 58.8 ± 10.3 (p <0.001); SVA decreased from 5.1 ± 1.9 to 3.4 ± 2.1 cm (p < 0.001), PT – from 23.9° ± 7.2° to 19.1° ± 3.8° (p < 0.001). According to GAP score, the number of patients with severe and moderate disproportion was reduced (p < 0.001). Perioperative complications were observed in 12 (66.7 %) patients.

Conclusion. Multi-stage surgical correction of the residual and aggravated sagittal imbalance with obligatory anterior corrective interbody fusion after instrumental correction of degenerative spinal deformity through the posterior approach significantly improves clinical and radiological parameters and allows restoring a harmonious sagittal profile in 61.1 % of cases.
Kyphosis correction as an option for surgical treatment of meningomyelocele in a newborn: immediate results of two clinical cases and literature review
Authors: Kosulin A. V. , Usenko I. N. , Bagaturiya G. O. , Lesovaya A. A. , Egorova A. O.
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze immediate results of meningomyelocele closure with simultaneous kyphectomy in newborns.Material and Methods. In two newborns, correction of kyphosis by vertebrectomy and decancellation of the apical vertebral body was performed simultaneously during surgery for meningomyeloceleResults. In both cases, extensive mobilization of soft tissues to close the skin defect was not required, while a significant correction of kyphoticdeformity was noted. The postoperative wound healed by primary intention on days 9–11. The follow-up period was 11 and 8 months.Only 34 such operations in newborns were reported in the literature. All the authors noted the absence of postoperative wound complications typical for meningomyelocele repair without an orthopedic stage. In small series with a long follow-up period there was a gradual loss of correction after such operations, but without the formation of angular kyphosis requiring repeated kyphectomy.Conclusion. Kyphectomy in newborns with meningomyelocele provided the possibility of effective closure of the skin defect and uncomplicated healing of the postoperative wound.
Monitoring of Natura 2000 grassland habitats in SAC Šumava
Authors: Křenová Zdenka , Grulich Vít , Vydrová Alena
Published: June 2022

The Bohemian Forest grasslands have emerged gradually over centuries, with political turbulence in the second half of the 20th century strongly affecting the region, including its meadows. Today, there are cultural and partly degraded meadows as well as fragments of highly valuable semi-natural mountain meadows, important biodiversity localities in the mostly wooded Bohemian Forest landscape. Their conservation value began to be taken into account in 1991, when the Šumava NP was established, and re-emphasized in 2004, when certain grasslands were recognized as Natura 2000 habitats. Maintaining favorable conditions of meadow habitats is a hard task even in strictly protected areas and the most common difficulties are listed in this paper. More attention has been paid to the management of grasslands in the region during the last decade. The Šumava NP Authority provides the necessary management of the most valued localities and has organized simple monitoring in some managed sites. This paper presents the results of the first five years of monitoring of 16 sites. Results are discussed, along with field experiences, and more effective management strategies are proposed. Appropriate and carefully executed management is recognized as a necessary tool for ensuring proper care of conservationally valuable habitats, including grasslands of European importance protected under the Natura 2000 network. Monitoring is an essential tool to observe management quality. Results of this preliminary study deliver a substantial set of experiences that can be used to improve the management and monitoring of Natura 2000 habitats, as well as other species rich meadows occurring in the Šumava NP.
Reconstruction of Ryukyuan tone classes of Middle Japanese Class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns
Authors: Igarashi Yosuke
Published: June 2022

It is generally accepted that of the five tone classes reconstructed for disyllabic nouns in Middle Japanese (MJ), Classes 2.4 and 2.5 exhibit a split correspondence with proto-Ryukyuan (pR) tone Classes B and C. This split correspondence is of tremendous importance for the reconstruction of the proto-Japonic (pJ) tone system, because, in the absence of a conditioning factor accounting for the split, it has led to the reconstruction of additional tone classes at the pJ level. However, of the approximately 100 nouns belonging to these classes, the tone class of only half of them has been reconstructed for pR. Before embarking on the reconstruction of the pJ tone system, we must therefore first reconstruct the pR tone class of the nouns belonging to MJ Classes 2.4 and 2.5. This study provides a reconstruction of the tone classes in pR for 75 cognates using the latest comparative data of Northern and Southern Ryukyuan dialects. The results confirmed the existence of a split correspondence, where Class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns are found to be roughly split in half between pR Classes B and C, demonstrating that it is not a merely sporadic irregularity.
Learning Spatiotemporal Properties of Hippocampal Place Cells
Authors: Lian Yanbo , Burkitt Anthony N.
Published: June 2022

It is well known that hippocampal place cells have spatiotemporal properties, namely, that they generally respond to a single spatial location of a small environment, and they also display the temporal response property of theta phase precession, namely, that the phase of spiking relative to the theta wave shifts from the late phase to early phase as the animal crosses the place field. Grid cells in Layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) also have spatiotemporal properties similar to hippocampal place cells, except that grid cells respond to multiple spatial locations that form a hexagonal pattern. Because the EC is the upstream area that projects strongly to the hippocampus, a number of EC-hippocampus learning models have been proposed to explain how the spatial receptive field properties of place cells emerge via synaptic plasticity. However, the question of how the phase precession properties of place cells and grid cells are related has remained unclear. This study shows how theta phase precession in hippocampal place cells can emerge from MEC input as a result of synaptic plasticity, demonstrating that a learning model based on non-negative sparse coding can account for both the spatial and temporal properties of hippocampal place cells. Although both MEC grid cells and other EC spatial cells contribute to the spatial properties of hippocampal place cells, it is the MEC grid cells that predominantly determine the temporal response properties of hippocampal place cells displayed here.
E-Learning Adoption; How Is Students Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Sehabuddin Ahmad , Oktarina Nina
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the acceptance and behavior of using e-learning students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang during Covid 19. This study adopted five elements that make up the modeling of UTAUT 2. This study is a quantitative study. The sample in this study were 351 students and used a questionnaire in data collection. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Models. The results of this study reveal that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit directly affect the behavioral intentions of students in using e-learning. Habit and behavioral intentions have a direct effect on student behavior in using e-learning. Performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit indirectly influence user behavior through students' behavioral intention in using e-learning. Habit is the variable that most plays a role in explaining student behavior in adopting e-learning when compared to other variables in this study. The conclusion of this study is that performance expectations, hedonic motivation, habits and behavioral intentions determine student behavior in adopting e-learning during Covid 19.
Industrial Revolution Era 4.0: Digital Literacy of Accounting Education Students
Authors: Widayati Ani , Wibawa Eka Ary , Septiana Yolandaru , Johari Razana Juhaida
Published: June 2022

This study aims to find out the different profile of digital literacy skills of four batches of Accounting Education students in the 4th industrial revolution era. As almost all human works will be replaced by robots and only those who have particular skills will be able to survive, it is essential to examine students’ digital literacy skills.  A survey employed quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 175 of four batches Accounting Education students of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The data gathered with questionnaires technique were analysed using descriptive analysis followed with multivariate analysis. The results show that the four batches Accounting Education students have different profile of digital literacy skills in terms of selecting, addressing, and evaluating information. It is suggested for the students to be aware of the changes in digital technology and its contribution to the field of education and consider it as the weapon for them to improve their digital literacy skills.