bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Farming, Industrial Food: Transnational Influences on Soviet Convenience Food in the Khrushchev Era
Authors: Hale-Dorrell Aaron
Published: July 2015

In the 1960s, food processing and production in the Soviet Union increasingly embraced an ideal inspired by foreign—especially American—innovations. Principles of speed and consistency meant that consumers more often encountered convenience foods, a category including canned vegetables, frozen fruits, and preprepared dishes, as well as popcorn, potato chips, and similar novelties for eating in public places. Detailing attempts to develop output and distribute these foods for consumption in homes and away from them, this article shows that Soviet ideals developed in dialogue those in other industrial societies, entangling the Soviet history with foreign counterparts. Noting that the results substantiate known failures of the state-socialist economy, the article emphasizes how inadequate capital investments limited these policies’ effectiveness. Tapping published sources and documents in the Moscow archives, it underscores how Soviet efforts to produce convenience foods interacted with evolving gender norms, cultural practices related to the home, and popular expectations about consumption.
A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 11. Two new genera from the Acantholycosa complex
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , OMELKO MIKHAIL M. , KOPONEN SEPPO
Published: July 2015

Two new genera of wolf spiders belonging to Pardosinae, Gulocosa gen. n. and Melecosa gen. n., are erected to accommodate Gulocosa eskovi sp. n. (♂ ♀, Khabarovsk Province, Russia) and Sibirocosa alpina Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004, respectively. A new combination was also established: Melecosa alpina (Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004) comb. n. (ex. Sibirocosa). Polytomous and dichotomous keys are provided for the Palearctic Pardosinae genera.
Bicoloratum Dai and Li, a new synonym of the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae),
with description of two new species
Authors: CHEN FANGYING , DAI WU
Published: July 2015

Bicoloratum Dai and Li, 2011 is considered to be a junior synonym of Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889 based on study of specimens of two new species, one of which is morphologically very similar to the type species of Bicoloratum, B. pintungisis Dai and Li 2011. Three valid species now included within the genus Scaphoideus are: S. dinghuensis sp. nov., S. taishanensis sp. nov. and S. pingtungisis (Dai and Li, 2011) n. comb. The detailed morphology of the two new species is described, and photographs of their external habitus and male and female genitalia are also given.
Zopherobatrus gen. n. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), a new troglobitic batrisine from southwestern China
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , LI Li-Zhen
Published: July 2015

A new genus and new species of the pselaphine tribe Batrisini, Zopherobatrus tianmingyii Yin & Li gen. et sp. n., is described based on material collected from a cave in Guizhou, southwestern China. The new taxon exhibits a typical suite of morphological adaptations to life in caves, and represents a third genus of the cave-inhabiting Pselaphinae in China.
Relative Importance of the Austral Summer and Autumn SAM in Modulating Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Autumn SST*
Authors: Zheng Fei , Li Jianping , Feng Juan , Li Yanjie , Li Yang
Published: July 2015

Sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere is mainly determined by physical processes at the air–sea interface associated with the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM). Both the austral summer [December–February (DJF)] and autumn [March–May (MAM)] SAM can imprint their signals on southern extratropical MAM SST. Here three approaches are employed to determine the relative importance of the DJF and MAM SAM in modulating southern extratropical MAM SST: a simple lead–lag correlation without SST decomposition, a decomposition method based on linear regression, and a new approach named the persistent signal decomposition (PSD). The results show that the DJF SAM plays a more important role than the MAM SAM in driving MAM large-scale southern extratropical SST anomalies, implying that MAM SST anomalies caused by the preceding DJF SAM would not be largely perturbed by the MAM SAM, and thus the DJF SAM can be regarded as an effective predictor for the following season’s climate. The PSD also provides an estimation of the contribution of atmospheric persistence and SST persistence toward cross-seasonal influence of the DJF SAM on MAM southern extratropical SST. The results show that this cross-seasonal influence is mainly caused by the SST persistence. The detection of the relative importance of the preceding and contemporaneous atmospheric signal in driving SSTA contributes to the understanding of air–sea interactions and helps to obtain better SST-based statistical predictions. The PSD has the potential to be employed in the North Atlantic and other extratropical oceans.
Wavelet Compression Technique for High-Resolution Global Model Data on an Icosahedral Grid
Authors: Wang Ning , Bao Jian-Wen , Lee Jin-Luen , Moeng Fanthune , Matsumoto Cliff
Published: July 2015

Modern Earth modeling systems often use high-resolution unstructured grids to discretize their horizontal domains. One of the major challenges in working with these high-resolution models is to efficiently transmit and store large volumes of model data for operational forecasts and for modeling research.

A newly developed compression technique is presented that significantly reduces the size of datasets produced by high-resolution global models that are discretized on an icosahedral grid. The compression technique is based on the wavelet transform together with a grid rearrangement algorithm and precision-controlled quantization technology. The grid rearrangement algorithm converts an icosahedral grid to a set of 10 rhombus grids that retain the spatial correlation of model data so that a three-dimensional wavelet transform can be effectively applied. The precision-controlled quantization scheme guarantees specified precision of compressed datasets.

The technique is applied to the output of a global weather prediction model, the Flow-Following, Finite-Volume Icosahedral Model (FIM) developed by NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory. Experiments show that model data at 30-km resolution can be compressed up to 50:1 without noticeable visual differences; at specified precision requirements, the proposed compression technique achieves better compression compared to a state-of-the-art compression format [Gridded Binary (GRIB) with JPEG 2000 packing option]. In addition, model forecasts initialized with original and compressed initial conditions are compared and assessed. The assessment indicates that it is promising to use the technique to compress model data for those applications demanding high fidelity of compressed datasets.
Losing Heart? The Effect of Job Displacement on Health
Authors: Black Sandra E. , Devereux Paul J. , Salvanes Kjell G.
Published: July 2015

Job reallocation is considered a key characteristic of well-functioning labor markets, as more productive firms grow and less productive ones contract or close. Despite its potential benefits for the economy, however, costs that are borne by the displaced workers are significant. The authors study how job displacement in Norway affects cardiovascular health, using a sample of men and women who are predominantly in their early 40s. To do so, they merge survey data on health and health behaviors with register data on person and firm characteristics. The authors compare the health of displaced and non-displaced workers from five years before to seven years after displacement. Results show that job displacement leads to an increase in smoking behavior for both men and women but few other short-term health effects. These results are robust to a variety of specification checks.
Dioxins from medical waste incineration: Normal operation and transient conditions
Authors: Chen Tong , Zhan Ming-xiu , Yan Mi , Fu Jian-ying , Lu Sheng-yong , Li Xiao-dong , Yan Jian-hua , Buekens Alfons
Published: July 2015

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are key pollutants in waste incineration. At present, incinerator managers and official supervisors focus only on emissions evolving during steady-state operation. Yet, these emissions may considerably be raised during periods of poor combustion, plant shutdown, and especially when starting-up from cold. Until now there were no data on transient emissions from medical (or hospital) waste incineration (MWI). However, MWI is reputed to engender higher emissions than those from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). The emission levels in this study recorded for shutdown and start-up, however, were significantly higher: 483 ± 184 ng Nm-3 (1.47 ± 0.17 ng I-TEQ Nm-3) for shutdown and 735 ng Nm-3 (7.73 ng I-TEQ Nm-3) for start-up conditions, respectively. Thus, the average (I-TEQ) concentration during shutdown is 2.6 (3.8) times higher than the average concentration during normal operation, and the average (I-TEQ) concentration during start-up is 4.0 (almost 20) times higher. So monitoring should cover the entire incineration cycle, including start-up, operation and shutdown, rather than optimised operation only. This suggestion is important for medical waste incinerators, as these facilities frequently start up and shut down, because of their small size, or of lacking waste supply. Forthcoming operation should shift towards much longer operating cycles, i.e., a single weekly start-up and shutdown.
Science and film-making
Authors: Gouyon Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2015

The essay reviews the literature, mostly historical, on the relationship between science and film-making, with a focus on the science documentary. It then discusses the circumstances of the emergence of the wildlife making-of documentary genre. The thesis examined here is that since the early days of cinema, film-making has evolved from being subordinate to science, to being an equal partner in the production of knowledge, controlled by non-scientists.
Clinical validation of three short forms of the Dutch Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS-IV-NL) in a mixed clinical sample
Authors: Bouman Zita , Hendriks Marc P.H. , Van Der Veld William M. , Aldenkamp Albert P. , Kessels Roy P.C.
Published: July 2015

The reliability and validity of three short forms of the Dutch version of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS-IV-NL) were evaluated in a mixed clinical sample of 235 patients. The short forms were based on the WMS-IV Flexible Approach, that is, a 3-subtest combination (Older Adult Battery for Adults) and two 2-subtest combinations (Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction and Logical Memory and Designs), which can be used to estimate the Immediate, Delayed, Auditory and Visual Memory Indices. All short forms showed good reliability coefficients. As expected, for adults (16-69 years old) the 3-subtest short form was consistently more accurate (predictive accuracy ranged from 73% to 100%) than both 2-subtest short forms (range = 61%-80%). Furthermore, for older adults (65-90 years old), the predictive accuracy of the 2-subtest short form ranged from 75% to 100%. These results suggest that caution is warranted when using the WMS-IV-NL Flexible Approach short forms to estimate all four indices.
Organization-based self-esteem in work teams
Authors: Gardner Donald G. , Pierce Jon L.
Published: July 2015

It is now known that organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) correlates consistently with employee attributes that are important to the success of organizations, such as in-role and extra-role job performance, job satisfaction, organization commitment, and turnover intentions (see Bowling, Eschelman, Wang, Kirkendall, & Alarcon, 2010; Pierce & Gardner, 2004). The three major categories of OBSE antecedents (organization systems, messages from significant others, and experiences of success) have also been well studied, with one major exception. We do not know if, or how the experience of working in a group (team) environment affects employees’ OBSE level, and how OBSE might affect attitudes towards and the effectiveness of that group environment. This study develops hypotheses about the genesis of OBSE in work groups, and its relationships with work group satisfaction and perceptions of group member effectiveness. In three different organizations we found that OBSE correlates with coworker and team satisfaction, as well as perceived team member effectiveness. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed.
Microscale deformation behavior of rheocast Al–7Si–0.3 Mg alloy
Authors: Das Prosenjit , Islam Sk. Tanbir , Samanta Sudip K , Das Santanu
Published: July 2015

In the present work, microscale deformation behavior, plastic strain localization, and plastic instability of rheocast Al–Si–Mg (A356) alloy have been investigated using micromechanical approach. For this purpose, two-dimensional microscale models (representative volume elements) have been developed using actual microstructure of the cast samples made under three different process conditions. Microstructure of the above-mentioned alloy consists of two different phases, such as aluminum-rich primary phase and silicon-rich eutectic phase. In line with that, composite micromechanical models have been developed to analyze them within the finite element framework. Rheocasting has been performed using cooling slope with two different slope angles of 45° and 60°, and comparison has been made with the conventional cast samples of the alloy that has been cast directly from the superheated molten state. Different boundary conditions have been assumed to perform finite element based simulation, using a popular finite element solver ABAQUS, depending upon the position of representative volume elements on the cylindrical tensile specimen. Under uniaxial tensile loading, ductile failure mode is predicted in the form of plastic strain localization due to incompatible deformation between the phases. This indicates inhomogenity of microstructure that determines the damage initiation process within this material, as there is no damage or failure criterion specified during the finite element analysis. Grain size, shape, and orientation of the primary aluminum phase are found to play a vital role on deformation behavior and failure mode of the materials investigated in this study.
Using multilevel modeling and mixed methods to make theoretical progress in microfoundations for strategy research
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Molina-Azorín José F
Published: July 2015

The microfoundations research agenda presents an expanded theoretical perspective because it considers individuals, their characteristics, and their interactions as relevant variables to help us understand firm-level strategic issues. However, microfoundations empirical research faces unique challenges because processes take place at different levels of analysis and these multilevel processes must be considered simultaneously. We describe multilevel modeling and mixed methods as methodological approaches whose use will allow for theoretical advancements. We describe key issues regarding the use of these two types of methods and, more importantly, discuss pressing substantive questions and topics that can be addressed with each of these methodological approaches with the goal of making theoretical advancements regarding the microfoundations research agenda and strategic management studies in general.
Improved river flow and random sample consensus for curve lane detection
Authors: Tan Huachun , Zhou Yang , Zhu Yong , Yao Danya , Wang Jianqiang
Published: July 2015

Accurate and robust lane detection, especially the curve lane detection, is the premise of lane departure warning system and forward collision warning system. In this article, an algorithm based on improved river flow and random sample consensus is proposed to detect curve lane under challenging conditions including the dashed lane markings and vehicle occlusion. The curve lanes are modeled as hyperbola pair. To determine the coefficient of curvature, an improved river flow method is presented to search feature points in the far vision field guided by the results of detected straight lines in near vision field or the curved lines from the last frame, which can connect dashed lane markings or obscured lane markings. As a result, it is robust on dashed lane markings and vehicle occlusion conditions. Then, random sample consensus is utilized to calculate the curvature, which can eliminate noisy feature points obtained from improved river flow. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately detect lane under challenging conditions.
Dynamics of Group-Based Emotions: Insights From Intergroup Emotions Theory
Authors: Smith Eliot R. , Mackie Diane M.
Published: July 2015

Over-time variability characterizes not only individual-level emotions, but also group-level emotions, those that occur when people identify with social groups and appraise events in terms of their implications for those groups. We discuss theory and research regarding the role of emotions in intergroup contexts, focusing on their dynamic nature. We then describe new insights into the causes and consequences of emotional dynamics that flow from conceptualizing emotions as based in group membership, and conclude with research recommendations.
Micro-Level Affect Dynamics in Psychopathology Viewed From Complex Dynamical System Theory
Authors: Wichers M. , Wigman J. T. W. , Myin-Germeys I.
Published: July 2015

This article discusses the role of moment-to-moment affect dynamics in mental disorder and aims to integrate recent literature on this topic in the context of complex dynamical system theory. First, we will review the relevance of temporal and contextual aspects of affect dynamics in relation to psychopathology. Related to this, we will discuss recent insights resulting from a network view on affect dynamics in psychopathology. Next, we explore how we can reconcile literature findings from a perspective of complex dynamical system theory. Finally, future directions with regard to personalized assessment of risk and diagnostic use are discussed.
Financialization (un)limited
Authors: Murphy Laurence
Published: July 2015

In response to Christophers’ timely critique of the concept of financialization, and its usage, I reflect on the productive possibilities inherent in research that actively engages with the notion of ‘financialization (un)limited’. Drawing on research into property investment and development, I reflect on the value of studies that take cognizance of the evolving and protean nature of financialization as a process and, in addition, take seriously the notion of limits and spatial contexts.
A randomised controlled trial of benefit finding in caregivers: The Building Resources in Caregivers Study Protocol
Authors: Brand Charles , O’Connell Brenda H , Gallagher Stephen
Published: July 2015

Caregivers may engage in benefit finding, that is, an increase in perceived positive growth, as a cognitive strategy for coping with stress. The Building Resources in Caregivers study will compare effects of a brief benefit finding writing intervention with a control intervention. Caregivers of people with mental and physical disabilities will be randomised into either a benefit-writing group or a neutral writing group. Caregivers will complete measures relating to themselves and care-recipients (e.g. sociodemographics and illness type) and psychometric measures of benefit finding, distress and quality of life at three time points. Additionally, qualitative commentary on participation experiences will be gathered.
History and Autobiography: Investigating the Multiple Identities of the Self from the Text ‘Ardhakathanak’
Authors: Chhetry Aniket Tathagata
Published: July 2015

This article aims to explore the changing historiographical trend which began with the upsurge of the postmodernist school where history was no longer confined to a specialised genre, rather history could be constructed from a diverse range of sources, which were ignored earlier such as oral traditions, living rituals, memory collections and as I would try to show in the course of this article, even from autobiographical accounts. I would focus on Banarasidas'—a sixteenth-century gem merchant from Jaunpur and his autobiography—‘Ardhakathanak' to try and analyse how this work articulated the various processes by which in the sixteenth-century Mughal India, the identity of a person (who did not belong to the court and was rather a part of what has been termed as subject population) was shaped up. In this instance, identity was shaped and dictated by the narrator's membership to the mercantile community, which constantly manifested itself through his strategies of resistance to forms of exploitation and resulted in the establishment of informal networks cutting across territorial and filial considerations. However, identity is never uniform, rather there are multiple elements operating at different levels which constitute one's identity. In the case of my protagonist, a determining element of his identity was influenced by the framework of ethical and unethical behaviour advocated by the imperial court and this played a crucial role in his own evaluation of his ‘self' revealing in the process complex manners in which the imperial court influenced social norms. My article also tries and investigates the liminal spaces which merchants occupied in the pre-modern world, where they occupied a dual position of being both predator and predated upon and how these notions were often closely linked to issues of territoriality.
Composition and element mobilization in pyrometallurgical slags
from the Orzeł Biały smelting plant in the Bytom–Piekary Śląskie area,
Poland
Authors: Warchulski R. , Gawęda A. , Kądziołka-Gaweł M. , Szopa K.
Published: July 2015

Wastes accumulated at Piekary Śląskie, Poland, are the result of 150 years
of continuous working of the Orzeł Biały smelting plant. Slags are composed
of: oxides (spinel, hematite, zincite); silicates and aluminosilicates
(olivine, monticellite–kirschteinite, titanite, merwinite, pyroxene,
melilite, feldspars: plagioclases and plumbean K-feldspar, nepheline,
kalsilite, leucite); sulfides (pyrrhotite, rudashevskyite, galena), metallic
phases (pure iron and iron–arsenic mixture) and secondary phases (gypsum,
rapidcreekite, apatite). Interstices between the crystalline phases are
filled by glass, concentrating toxic and potentially harmful elements, e.g.
up to 53.22 wt.% PbO. The sequence of crystallization of primary phases
depended on the local variability of oxygen fugacity and degree of
calcination, while the texture type resulted from the cooling time and
partial pressure of volatiles. Suggested crystallization temperatures are in
the range of 1200–1500°C. Bulk chemical analyses show that the slags are
composed mainly of SiO2,
Al2O3,Fe2O3, MgO and CaO.
Among the potentially harmful elements, Zn is the most common, reaching up
to 5.93 wt.%, Pb is present in concentrations up to 3.9 wt.% and As in
weathered samples exceeds 1 wt.%. Leaching tests of these elements confirms
As mobility as Zn and Pb are preferably leached from fresh slags, while As
is present in greater amounts in leachate from weathered slag samples. The
documented amounts of As, Zn, Pb and their mobility in slags produce an
environmental risk, as this material is currently used widely for commercial
purposes.
Lobular breast cancer series: imaging
Authors: Johnson Karen , Sarma Deba , Hwang E Shelley
Published: July 2015

The limitations of mammography in the detection and evaluation of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) have long been recognized, presenting real clinical challenges in treatment planning for these tumors. However, advances in mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging present opportunities to improve the diagnosis and preoperative assessment of ILC. The evidence supporting the performance of each imaging modality will be reviewed, specifically as it relates to the pathology of ILC and its subtypes. Further, we will discuss emerging technologies that may be employed to enhance the detection rate and ultimately result in more effective screening and staging of ILC.
Unlikely Tales of Fo and Ignatius: Rethinking the Radical Enlightenment through French Appropriation of Chinese Buddhism
Authors: Burson Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2015

The story of how Catholic missionaries and French Enlightenment writers engrafted Chinese thought into their own contested discourses of natural religion, scientific progress, or ideal political thought is well known. However, the role that Enlightenment constructions of Chinese Buddhism played in eighteenth-century France has yet to be thoroughly examined. This article therefore emphasizes the manner in which the (mis)appropriation of Chinese Buddhism into the French Enlightenment proved a significant backdrop for the attempts of Jesuit writers, notoriously Sinophile deists like Voltaire, and more metaphysically radical writers like Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d'Argens, to understand Chinese prisca theologia (i.e., their natural, original religion, and/or philosophy). Ultimately, I argue that the rather cloudy apprehension of Chinese Buddhism throughout France in the early to middle eighteenth century reveals intriguing possibilities for rethinking, and perhaps pluralizing, the nature and significance of the so-called Radical Enlightenment.

L'histoire du moyen par lequel les missionnaires catholiques et les écrivains du siècle des Lumières ont attaché la pensée chinoise aux discours contestés sur la religion naturelle, les progrès scientifiques, ou la pensée politique et normative est bien connue. Néanmoins, l'importance de la conception du bouddhisme chinois pour la société française à travers le dix-huitième siècle n'a pas été assez étudiée. Donc, cet article souligne les diverses modes par lesquelles la connaissance (voire méconnaissance) du bouddhisme chinois au siècle des Lumières en France est devenue un contexte très important pour les écrivains jésuites, les écrivains déistes et sinophiles comme Voltaire, et pour les écrivains qui prônaient un radicalisme métaphysique comme Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d'Argens, dans leurs diverses tentatives d'apprendre la prisca theologia de la Chine. Enfin, on a mis l'accent sur la connaissance nébuleuse du bouddhisme chinois que les écrivains français avaient atteinte au milieu du dix-huitième siècle, et par conséquent, la possibilité surprenante de reconceptualiser, et peutêtre de diversifier, la nature et l'importance de la thèse des « lumières radicales ».
Cincinnatus Reborn: The George Washington Myth and French Renewal during the Old Regime
Authors: Osman Julia
Published: July 2015

George Washington is an undisputed legend in America, but he was a legend in France first. From the years of the American Revolution until 1789, Washington was a prominent figure in French literature, poetry, plays, and histories, which exaggerated and even invented some of his “nobler” characteristics, casting him as a modern Cincinnatus who exhibited the qualities of masculinity, virtue, and patriotism. In the midst of France's recovery from an embarrassing military defeat, French writers and readers used Washington's image to construct and experiment with the elements necessary for a virtuous society and victorious army. While fitting nicely into the eighteenth century's literature of criticism and penchant for hero worship, Washington's fame stood apart, as he provided a figure for a contemporary hero that encouraged rather than disparaged the French nation. Through depictions of Washington, writers defined the characteristics necessary for French elites to bring their country out of its troubles.

George Washington est devenu un héros mythique en France avant de l'être aux Etats-Unis. De la Révolution américaine jusqu'en 1789, Washington a joué un rôle important dans la littérature française par le moyen des poésies, des pièces de théâtre, et des œuvres d'histoire qui ont exagéré, voire inventé, ses caractéristiques « nobles » et qui l'ont représenté comme un Cincinnatus moderne, modèle de masculinité, de vertu, et de patriotisme. A la suite de la défaite militaire, des écrivains et lecteurs français se sont servis de l'image de Washington pour imaginer les éléments d'une société vertueuse et d'une armée victorieuse. La renommée de Washington se détache de la critique littéraire du dix-huitième siècle avec son adulation des héros du passé parce que l'Américain était un grand homme de l'époque dont la prouesse encourageait la nation française. Avec leurs représentations de Washington, les écrivains proposaient des traits nécessaires aux élites françaises qui désiraient mener la régénération de la France.
“An Encouraging Precedent”: The United States and the Separation of Church and State in France, 1832–1905
Authors: Verhoeven Timothy
Published: July 2015

This article examines the role of the United States in the long French debate over separating church and state. From the visit of Alexis de Tocqueville to the 1905 law, key constituencies studied closely the American experience, debated its merits, and argued over its applicability to France. What emerged was a complex pattern of engagement. Depending on their particular domestic imperatives, French observers saw an American system that enshrined religious liberty, fostered atheism, or allowed the Catholic Church to become a threat to republican liberties. The influence of the United States reached a peak in the crucial years of 1903–5, when the American experience directly inspired a key clause in the 1905 law, and all sides used America to defend or attack the proposed legislation. Recognizing this brings a much-needed international dimension to the scholarship on the 1905 law and the separation of church and state.

L'histoire de la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat en France a été abondamment étudiée. Cependant, la plupart de ces études ne tiennent pas compte du rôle des modèles étrangers. A travers le dix-neuvième siècle, et pendant les années décisives qui abouteront à la loi de 1905, les participants clés ont tourné les yeux vers l'étranger afin de trouver des leçons instructives. La nation dont l'influence était la plus marquante était les Etats-Unis. De la visite d'Alexis de Tocqueville jusqu'à la loi de 1905, les figures clés ont étudié de près l'expérience américaine. Ce qui ressort de cet engagement est complexe. En fonction de leurs impératifs domestiques, les observateurs français ont vu un système qui consacre la liberté religieuse, qui favorise l'athéisme, ou qui laisse l'église catholique devenir une menace pour les libertés républicaines. Bien qu'utilisé pour une gamme d'objectifs, l'exemple que fournissent les Etats-Unis a joué un rôle important dans l'élaboration du long débat sur le mérite de la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat.
Introduction
Authors: Allison Anne , Harootunian Harry , Nelson Christopher T.
Published: July 2015

The essays collected in this dossier focus on the diverse ways that temporalization is rescued, remade, or renounced in the crises and catastrophes that have transformed everyday life in contemporary Japan. As a rhythmanalysis of both crisis and the everyday, we draw on the work of Henri Lefebvre and what he called “qualitative moments.” In recalling forms of memoration, residues, remnants, and reminders of the past, such embodied specific temporal tenses can be put to work repairing breaks in the rhythms of daily life and constituting the building blocks of a renewed sense of everydayness.
Apocalyptic Memories and Subjective Movements: Differentiation by Political Power in Postwar Japan
Authors: Ochi Toshio
Published: July 2015

In order to make sense of the organization of postwar Japanese politics, it is crucial to engage the social movements that were mobilized after the Tōhoku earthquake in 2011. Following the catastrophe, many problems within Japanese social structure became apparent. At the same time, the earthquake and its aftermath have thrown into relief the state's efforts to broadly regulate social practices. The reforms that took place after the earthquake are a direct reflection of the struggle that the Japanese state has waged since the early years of the postwar era to transform society. The Japanese government readily ignores any demonstrations by ordinary people against its policies. At the same time, Japanese corporations are largely immune to any efforts by laborers and consumers to resist their activities. The consequences for civil society are stark. Given the absence of a vital organized labor movement and a lack of confidence in representative democracy, the burden to address citizens' concerns has shifted to social movements.
The Voice of Interpellation and Capitalist Crisis: Notes toward an Investigation of Postwar Japanese Ideology
Authors: Kawashima Ken C.
Published: July 2015

If the problem of ideology, as Louis Althusser argues, is about the hailing of interpellation, then ideology can be understood as a problem of the voice. In this essay, I address the politics of the voice by analyzing Emperor Hirohito's so-called surrender speech, which was recorded on August 14, 1945, and broadcast over the radio waves in Japan and its former colonies on August 15, 1945. In the wake of the two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, never had capitalism in Japan experienced such an acute expression of crisis. This essay explores the relationship between ideology and the voice in a time when the capitalist system and national sovereignty were in shambles. I argue that the recording of the Emperor's voice represents a new expression of imperial power in Japan, one that inaugurates a postwar period of political cynicism and imperial piety.
Efficient CRISPR-mediated gene targeting and transgene replacement in the beetleTribolium castaneum
Authors: Gilles Anna F. , Schinko Johannes B. , Averof Michalis
Published: July 2015

Gene editing techniques are revolutionizing the way we conduct genetics in many organisms. The CRISPR/Cas nuclease has emerged as a highly versatile, efficient and affordable tool for targeting chosen sites in the genome. Beyond its applications in established model organisms, CRISPR technology provides a platform for genetic intervention in a wide range of species, limited only by our ability to deliver it to cells and to select mutations efficiently. Here we test the CRISPR technology in an emerging insect model and pest, the beetle Tribolium castaneum. We use simple assays to test CRISPR/Cas activity, we demonstrate efficient expression of guide RNAs and Cas9 from Tribolium U6 and hsp68 promoters and we test the efficiency of knock-out and knock-in approaches in Tribolium. We find that 55-80% of injected individuals carry mutations (indels) generated by non-homologous end joining, including mosaic bi-allelic knock-outs; 71-100% carry such mutations in their germline and transmit them to the next generation. We show that CRISPR-mediated gene knock-out of the Tribolium E-cadherin gene gives defects in dorsal closure, which is consistent with RNAi-induced phenotypes. Homology-directed knock-in of marked transgenes was observed in 14% of injected individuals and transmitted to the next generation by 6% of injected individuals. Previous work in Tribolium mapped a large number of transgene insertions associated with developmental phenotypes and enhancer traps. We present an efficient method for re-purposing these insertions, via CRISPR-mediated replacement of these transgenes by new constructs.
An NBD-based Fluorescent Probe with High Selectivity to Cysteine over Homocysteine under Neutral Physiological Conditions
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Liao Yuan , Shao Shijun
Published: July 2015

7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD)-based fluorescent probe for the detection of cysteine (Cys) over homocysteine (Hcy) and amino acids under neutral physiological conditions based on thiol-induced aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction was synthesized by the reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) with p-thiocresol. The proposed sensing mechanism was proved by mass spectrometry of the reaction mixtures. This probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of Cys in HeLa cells.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanation of Alkylideneindolenines Generated from Sulfonylalkylindoles
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Furukawa Yukino , Nakaguro Daigo , Ooi Takashi
Published: July 2015

The catalytic asymmetric phase-transfer cyanation of alkylideneindolenines, generated in situ from sulfonylalkylindoles, was developed. In the presence of sodium cyanide and a catalytic amount of chiral 1,2,3-triazolium salt, a series of sulfonylalkylindoles can be transformed into the corresponding chiral 3-sec-alkylindoles with good-to-high levels of efficiency and enantioselectivity.
On the Calculation of Recirculating Scheme of Quarry Ventilation
Authors: Старостин  , Starostin I.
Published: July 2015

A recirculating scheme of quarry ventilation has been examined. A calculation of the recirculating scheme of a quarry gas interchange employing Karman´s integral method, allowing to account for the parameters of the developed cavity (the angles of leeward and windward sides, their configuration, the size of the bottom, etc.), using the geometry function of the quarry, has been referred. Analytical dependencies for calculation of aerodynamic parameters of the recirculating ventilation scheme (air currents velocity, limits of the boundary layer, circulating air volume, etc.) have been determined. The proposed calculation method allows evaluating the natural state of gas interchange in quarries at various stages of mining operations, which is the basis for the estimation of atmospheric pollution and the development of necessary ventilation techniques.
Back to the Bedside: Developing a Bedside Aid for Concussion and Brain Injury
Decisions in the Emergency Department
Authors: Melnick Edward R. , Lopez Kevin , Hess Erik P. , Abujarad Fuad , Brandt Cynthia A. , Shiffman Richard N. , Post Lori A.
Published: July 2015

Context: Current information-rich electronic health record (EHR) interfaces
require large, high-resolution screens running on desktop computers. This interface
compromises the provider’s already limited time at the bedside by physically separating
the patient from the doctor. The case study presented here describes a patient-centered
clinical decision support (CDS) design process that aims to bring the physician back to
the bedside by integrating a patient decision aid with CDS for shared use by the patient
and provider on a touchscreen tablet computer for deciding whether or not to obtain a CT
scan for minor head injury in the emergency department, a clinical scenario that could
benefit from CDS but has failed previous implementation attempts.Case Description: This
case study follows the user-centered design (UCD) approach to build a bedside aid that
is useful and usable, and that promotes shared decision-making between patients and
their providers using a tablet computer at the bedside. The patient-centered decision
support design process focuses on the prototype build using agile software development,
but also describes the following: (1) the requirement gathering phase including
triangulated qualitative research (focus groups and cognitive task analysis) to
understand current challenges, (2) features for patient education, the physician, and
shared decision-making, (3) system architecture and technical requirements, and (4)
future plans for formative usability testing and field testing.Lessons Learned: We share
specific lessons learned and general recommendations from critical insights gained in
the patient-centered decision support design process about early stakeholder engagement,
EHR integration, external expert feedback, challenges to two users on a single device,
project management, and accessibility.Conclusions: Successful implementation of this
tool will require seamless integration into the provider’s workflow. This protocol can
create an effective interface for shared decision-making and safe resource reduction at
the bedside in the austere and dynamic clinical environment of the ED and is
generalizable for these purposes in other clinical environments as well.
Improving Clinical Workflow in Ambulatory Care: Implemented Recommendations in an
Innovation Prototype for the Veteran’s Health Administration
Authors: Patterson Emily S. , Lowry Svetlana Z. , Ramaiah Mala , Gibbons Michael C. , Brick David , Calco Robert , Matton Greg , Miller Anne , Makar Ellen , Ferrer Jorge A.
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Human factors workflow analyses in healthcare settings prior to
technology implemented are recommended to improve workflow in ambulatory care settings.
In this paper we describe how insights from a workflow analysis conducted by NIST were
implemented in a software prototype developed for a Veteran’s Health Administration
(VHA) VAi2 innovation project and associated lessons learned.Methods: We organize the
original recommendations and associated stages and steps visualized in process maps from
NIST and the VA’s lessons learned from implementing the recommendations in the VAi2
prototype according to four stages: 1) before the patient visit, 2) during the visit, 3)
discharge, and 4) visit documentation. NIST recommendations to improve workflow in
ambulatory care (outpatient) settings and process map representations were based on
reflective statements collected during one-hour discussions with three physicians. The
development of the VAi2 prototype was conducted initially independently from the NIST
recommendations, but at a midpoint in the process development, all of the implementation
elements were compared with the NIST recommendations and lessons learned were
documented.Findings: Story-based displays and templates with default preliminary order
sets were used to support scheduling, time-critical notifications, drafting medication
orders, and supporting a diagnosis-based workflow. These templates enabled customization
to the level of diagnostic uncertainty. Functionality was designed to support
cooperative work across interdisciplinary team members, including shared documentation
sessions with tracking of text modifications, medication lists, and patient education
features. Displays were customized to the role and included access for consultants and
site-defined educator teams.Discussion: Workflow, usability, and patient safety can be
enhanced through clinician-centered design of electronic health records. The lessons
learned from implementing NIST recommendations to improve workflow in ambulatory care
using an EHR provide a first step in moving from a billing-centered perspective on how
to maintain accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date information about a group of
patients to a clinician-centered perspective. These recommendations point the way
towards a “patient visit management system,” which incorporates broader notions of
supporting workload management, supporting flexible flow of patients and tasks, enabling
accountable distributed work across members of the clinical team, and supporting dynamic
tracking of steps in tasks that have longer time distributions.
A Framework for Usable and Effective Clinical Decision Support: Experience from the
iCPR Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kannry Joseph , McCullagh Lauren , Kushniruk Andre , Mann Devin , Edonyabo Daniel , McGinn Thomas
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The promise of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) has always been to
transform patient care and improve patient outcomes through the delivery of timely and
appropriate recommendations that are patient specific and, more often than not, are
appropriately actionable. However, the users of CDS—providers—are frequently bombarded
with inappropriate and inapplicable CDS that often are not informational, not integrated
into the workflow, not patient specific, and that may present out of date and irrelevant
recommendations.Methods: The integrated clinical prediction rule (iCPR) project was a
randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted to determine if a novel form of CDS, i.e.,
clinical prediction rules (CPRs), could be efficiently integrated into workflow and
result in changes in outcomes (e.g., antibiotic ordering) when embedded within a
commercial electronic health record (EHR).We use the lessons learned from the iCPR
project to illustrate a framework for constructing usable, useful, and effective
actionable CDS while employing off-the-shelf functionality in a production system.
Innovations that make up the framework combine the following: (1) active and actionable
decision support, (2) multiple rounds of usability testing with iterative development
for user acceptance, (3) numerous context sensitive triggers, (4) dedicated training and
support for users of the CDS tool for user adoption, and (5) support from clinical and
administrative leadership. We define “context sensitive triggers” as being workflow
events (i.e., context) that result in a CDS intervention.Discussion: Success of the
framework can be measured by CDS adoption (i.e., intervention is being used), acceptance
(compliance with recommendations), and clinical outcomes (where appropriate). This
framework may have broader implications for the deployment of Health Information
Technology (HIT).Results and Conclusion: iCPR was well adopted(57.4% of users) and
accepted (42.7% of users). Usability testing identified and fixed many issues before the
iCPR RCT. The level of leadership support and clinical guidance for iCPR was key in
establishing a culture of acceptance for both the tool and its recommendations
contributing to adoption and acceptance. The dedicated training and support lead to the
majority of the residents reporting a high level of comfort with both iCPR tools strep
pharyngitis (64.4 percent) and pneumonia (62.7 percent) as well as a high likelihood of
using the tools in the future. A surprising framework addition resulted from usability
testing: context sensitive triggers.
Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory With Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Viecili Michelle A. , Weiss Jonathan A.
Published: July 2015

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) measures health-related quality of life, a growing area of research, particularly among individuals with disabilities. This research is necessary to fully understand the varied needs of the population and, ultimately, ensure that those needs are being met. The current study assessed the reliability and validity of the PedsQL in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Participants included 359 caregivers of children, youth, and young adults with IDD. Caregivers completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales questions regarding the individual's physical health and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The PedsQL achieved excellent reliability across scales, and distinguished healthy individuals from those with chronic health conditions, as well as individuals with ASD from those without. Factor analysis confirmed a 5-factor model, with moderate to high criterion validity. The PedsQL shows sound psychometric properties and may be a useful tool to measure psychosocial functioning in this population.