bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across diverse environments in rural Madagascar
Authors: Golden Christopher D. , Zamborain-Mason Jessica , Levis Alexander , Rice Benjamin L. , Allen Lindsay H. , Hampel Daniela , Hazen James , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Randriamady Hervet J. , Shahab-Ferdows Setareh , Wu Stephanie M. , Haneuse Sebastien
Published: May 2024

It is estimated that billions of people around the world are affected by micronutrient deficiencies. Madagascar is considered to be particularly nutritionally vulnerable, with nearly half of the population stunted, and parts of the country facing emergency, near famine-like conditions (IPC4). Although Madagascar is generally considered among the most undernourished of countries, empirical data in the form of biological samples to validate these claims are extremely limited. Our research drew data from three studies conducted between 2013–2020 and provided comprehensive biomarker profile information for 4,710 individuals from 30 communities in five different ecological regions during at least one time-point. Estimated prevalences of nutrient deficiencies and inflammation across various regions of rural Madagascar were of concern for both sexes and across all ages, with 66.5% of the population estimated to be deficient in zinc, 15.6% depleted in vitamin B12 (3.6% deficient), 11.6% deficient in retinol, and lower levels of iron deficiency (as indicated by 11.7% deficient in ferritin and 2.3% deficient assessed by soluble transferrin receptors). Beyond nutrient status biomarkers, nearly one quarter of the population (24.0%) exhibited chronic inflammation based on high values of α-1-acid glycoprotein, and 12.3% exhibited acute inflammation based on high values of C-reactive protein. There is an 8-fold difference between the lowest and highest regional observed prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, a 10-fold difference in vitamin A deficiency (based on retinol), and a 2-fold difference in acute inflammation (CRP) and deficiencies of zinc and iron (based on ferritin), highlighting strong geographical variations in micronutrient deficiencies across Madagascar.
Efficacy and safety of once weekly selinexor 40 mg versus 60 mg with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: White Darrell , Schiller Gary J. , Madan Sumit , Lentzsch Suzanne , Chubar Evgeni , Lavi Noa , Van Domelen Dane R. , Bentur Ohad S. , Baljevic Muhamed
Published: May 2024

Objective

To identify the optimal dose of selinexor in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (SPd).

Methods

An analysis of efficacy and safety of 2 once-weekly selinexor regimens (60 mg and 40 mg) with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (SPd-60 and SPd-40, respectively) given to patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the STOMP (NCT02343042) and XPORT-MM-028 (NCT04414475) trials.

Results

Twenty-eight patients (60.7% males, median age 67.5 years) and 20 patients (35.0% males, median age 65.5 years) were analyzed in the SPd-40 and SPd-60 cohorts, respectively. Overall response rate was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.6-69.4%) and 65% (95% CI 40.8-84.6%), respectively. Very good partial response or better was reported in 28.6% (95% CI 13.2-48.7%) and 30.0% (95% CI 11.9-54.3%) of patients, respectively. Among 27 responders in both cohorts, the 12-month sustained response rate was 83.3% (95% CI 64.7-100.0%) for SPd-40 and 28.1% (95% CI 8.9-88.8%) for SPd-60. Median progression-free survival was 18.4 months (95% CI 6.5 months, not evaluable [NE]) and 9.5 months (95% CI 7.6 months-NE) for SPd-40 and SPd-60, respectively. Twenty-four-month survival rates were 64.2% (95% CI 47.7-86.3%) for SPd-40 and 51.1% (95% CI 29.9-87.5%) for SPd-60. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included neutropenia (all grades: SPd-40 64.3% versus SPd-60 75.0%), anemia (46.4% versus 65.0%), thrombocytopenia (42.9% versus 45.0%), fatigue (46.4% versus 75.0%), nausea (32.1% versus 70.0%) and diarrhea (28.6% versus 35.0%).

Conclusion

The all-oral combination of SPd exhibited preliminary signs of efficacy and was generally tolerable in patients with RRMM. The overall risk-benefit profile favored the SPd-40 regimen.
Pre-operative MRI in evaluating pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: a study focused on influencing factors of baseline clinical-pathological and imaging features
Authors: Hu Qilan , Hu Yiqi , Ai Huiyang , Xia Liming , Liu Rong , Ai Tao
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To investigate what pre-treatment clinical-pathological features and MRI characteristics influence the performance of breast MRI in assessing the pathologic complete response (pCR) of breast cancer patients to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods

A total of 225 patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer who underwent pre- and post-NAC breast MRI between January 2020 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were categorized into radiologic complete response (rCR) and non-rCR groups based on pre-operative MRI. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent clinicopathological and imaging features associated with imaging-pathological discordance. The performance of pre-operative MRI for predicting pCR to NAC was assessed according to the baseline characteristics of the clinicopathological data and pre-NAC MRI. In addition, the discrepancy between the pre-operative MRI and post-operative pathological findings was further analyzed by a case-control approach.

Results

Among 225 patients, 99 (44.0%) achieved pCR after NAC. MRI showed the overall sensitivity of 97.6%, specificity of 58.6%, accuracy of 80.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 75.0%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.1% in identifying pCR. Of baseline features, presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (OR, 3.975 [95% CI: 1.448–10.908], p = 0.007), luminal B (OR, 5.076 [95% CI: 1.401–18.391], p = 0.013), HER2-enriched subtype (OR, 10.949 [95% CI: 3.262–36.747], p < 0.001), multifocal or multicentric lesions (OR, 2.467 [95% CI: 1.067–5.706], p = 0.035), segmental or regional distribution of NME (OR, 8.514 [95% CI: 1.049–69.098], p = 0.045) and rim enhancement of mass (OR, 4.261 [95% CI: 1.347–13.477], p = 0.014) were significantly associated with the discrepancy between MRI and pathology.

Conclusion

Presence of DCIS, luminal B or HER2-enriched subtype, multicentric or multifocal lesions, segmental or regional distribution of NME and rim enhancement of mass may lead to a decrease in diagnostic accuracy of MRI in patients of breast cancer treated with NAC.
Novel immune classification based on machine learning of pathological images predicts early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tan Tianhua , Hu Huijuan , Zhang Wei , Cui Ju , Lu Zhenhua , Li Xuefei , Song Jinghai
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Immune infiltration within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Machine learning applied to pathological images offers a practical means to explore the TME at the cellular level. Our former research employed a transfer learning procedure to adapt a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for cell recognition, which could recognize tumor cells, lymphocytes, and stromal cells autonomously and accurately within the images. This study introduces a novel immune classification system based on the modified CNN model.

Method

Patients with HCC from both Beijing Hospital and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were included in this study. Additionally, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses, along with logistic regression, were utilized to develop a prognostic model. We proposed an immune classification based on the percentage of lymphocytes, with a threshold set at the median lymphocyte percentage.

Result

Patients were categorized into high or low infiltration subtypes based on whether their lymphocyte percentages were above or below the median, respectively. Patients with different immune infiltration subtypes exhibited varying clinical features and distinct TME characteristics. The low-infiltration subtype showed a higher incidence of hypertension and fatty liver, more advanced tumor stages, downregulated immune-related genes, and higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells. A reliable prognostic model for predicting early recurrence of HCC based on clinical features and immune classification was established. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.918 and 0.814 for the training and test sets, respectively.

Discussion

In conclusion, we proposed a novel immune classification system based on cell information extracted from pathological slices, provides a novel tool for prognostic evaluation in HCC.
Knowledge mapping of paediatric fever—a visual analysis based on CiteSpace
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Dingruo , Yu Tianyuan , Guo Sheng , Xue Xiaona , Hu Hui , Liu Jiayue , Xu Yue , Narentuya
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the research hotspots and frontiers in the field of paediatric fever between 2013 and 2023.

Methods

The included articles were visually analysed using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software.

Results

A total of 2,662 Chinese-language articles and 1,456 English-language articles were included in the study. Based on the Chinese literature, research groups were identified represented by Xinmin Li, Jinling Hong and Hongshuang Luo. Based on the English literature, research groups were formed represented by Henriette Moll, Santiago Mintegi and Elizabeth Alpern. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution with the largest number of publications in the Chinese literature, and the Centers For Disease Control And Prevention was the institution with the largest number of publications in the English literature. The research on paediatric fever mainly focused on mechanism exploration, green treatment and clinical management.

Conclusion

Several relatively stable research groups have been formed. Future studies on the differential diagnosis, rational drug use, standardised management and clinical practice guidelines for paediatric fever are needed.
Upregulation of GOLPH3 mediated by Bisphenol a promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration: evidence based on integrated analysis
Authors: Chen Lihua , Chen Shaojian , Li Yachen , Qiu Yi , Chen Xiaojing , Wu Yuze , Deng Xian , Chen Mingliang , Wang Chunxiao , Hong Zhongshi , Qiu Chengzhi
Published: May 2024

Background

The interaction between environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), and their influence on cancer progression, particularly regarding the GOLPH3 gene in colorectal cancer, remains unclear.

Methods

We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional profiling, clinical data, and bioinformatics analyses utilizing data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study employed ClueGO, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Set Variation Analysis for functional enrichment analysis, alongside experimental assays to examine the effects of BPA exposure on colorectal cancer cell lines, focusing on GOLPH3 expression and its implications for cancer progression.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that BPA exposure significantly promoted the progression of colorectal cancer by upregulating GOLPH3, which in turn enhanced the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. Comparative analysis revealed elevated GOLPH3 protein levels in cancerous tissues versus normal tissues, with single-cell analysis indicating widespread GOLPH3 presence across various cell types in the cancer microenvironment. GOLPH3 was also associated with multiple carcinogenic pathways, including the G2M checkpoint. Furthermore, our investigation into the colorectal cancer microenvironment and genomic mutation signature underscored the oncogenic potential of GOLPH3, exacerbated by BPA exposure.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the complex interactions between BPA exposure and GOLPH3 in the context of colorectal cancer, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and measures to mitigate BPA exposure risks. Our findings advocate for further research to validate these observations in clinical and epidemiological settings and explore potential therapeutic targets within these pathways.
Potential application of traditional Chinese medicine in age-related macular degeneration—focusing on mitophagy
Authors: Yu Yujia , Wang Gaofeng , Liu Yong , Meng Zhaoru
Published: May 2024

Retinal pigment epithelial cell and neuroretinal damage in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can lead to serious visual impairments and blindness. Studies have shown that mitophagy, a highly specialized cellular degradation system, is implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. Mitophagy selectively eliminates impaired or non-functioning mitochondria via several pathways, such as the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin, BCL2-interacting protein 3 and NIP3-like protein X, FUN14 domain-containing 1, and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. This has a major impact on the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, the regulation of mitophagy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for AMD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses natural products that could potentially prevent and treat various diseases, such as AMD. This review aims to summarize recent findings on mitophagy regulation pathways and the latest progress in AMD treatment targeting mitophagy, emphasizing methods involving TCM.
Virulent Fusarium isolates with diverse morphologies show similar invasion and colonization strategies in alfalfa
Authors: Yang Jian , Han Jing , Jing Yuqing , Li Siyang , Lan Bo , Zhang Qian , Yin Kangquan
Published: May 2024

Root rot is a major disease that causes decline of alfalfa production, and Fusarium is a major pathogen associated with root rot. In this study, 13 Fusarium isolates were obtained from alfalfa with root rot in Gansu Province, the major alfalfa production region in China. The isolates were characterized by molecular genotyping (ITS, TEF 1-α and RPB2 fragments) and identified as six species, which included the F. acuminatum, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, and F. solani. We found that their morphology varied significantly at both the macro- and micro-levels, even for those from the same species. We developed a low cost and fast pathogenicity test and revealed that all isolates were pathogenic to alfalfa with typical root rot symptoms such as leaf yellowing and brown lesions on the root and stem. However, the virulence of the isolates differed. We also found that the conidia of all isolates germinated as early as 24 hours post inoculation (hpi), while hyphae colonized the root extensively and invaded the xylem vessel by 48 hpi. Together our results reveal that different virulent Fusarium isolates use a similar invasion strategy in alfalfa. This natural plant-fungus pathosystem is intriguing and warrants further examination, particularly with regard to efforts aimed at mitigating the impact of multiple similar vascular pathogens on infected alfalfa plants.
Identifying the differentially expressed peripheral blood microRNAs in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Dong Liying , Jiang Zhaowei , Song Mingfen , Yan Pan
Published: May 2024

Background

Evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders (PDs), but the results remain inconclusive. We aimed to identify specific differentially expressed miRNAs and their overlapping miRNA expression profiles in schizophrenia (SZ), major depression disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), the three major PDs.

Methods

The literatures up to September 30, 2023 related to peripheral blood miRNAs and PDs were searched and screened from multiple databases. The differences in miRNA levels between groups were illustrated by the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

In total, 30 peripheral blood miRNAs were included in the meta-analysis, including 16 for SZ, 12 for MDD, and 2 for BD, each was reported in more than 3 independent studies. Compared with the control group, miR-181b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-206, miR-92a-3p and miR-137-3p were upregulated in SZ, while miR-134-5p, miR-107 and miR-99b-5p were downregulated. In MDD, miR-124-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-34a-5p and miR-93-5p were upregulated, while miR-144-5p and miR-135a-5p were downregulated. However, we failed to identify statistically differentially expressed miRNAs in BD. Interestingly, miR-132-3p and miR-34a-5p were upregulated in both SZ and MDD.

Conclusions

Our study identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs in SZ and 9 in MDD, among which miR-132-3p and miR-34a-5p were upregulated in both SZ and MDD by systematically analyzing qualified studies. These miRNAs may be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of SZ and MDD in the future.

Systematic Review Registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023486982.
Causal effects of 731 immune cell phenotypes on autism spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yang Xinyu , Hu Gang , Yin Yuman , Yu Rong
Published: May 2024

Objective

The role of different immune cells in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causal effects of different immune cell phenotypes on ASD via Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Datasets of immune cell phenotypes were obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, and datasets of ASD were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected based on the assumptions of association, independence, and exclusivity. Inverse variance weighted was utilized as the main method for MR analysis. MR-Egger was employed to assess the horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Cochran’s Q and leave-one-out method were used for heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity analysis of the results, respectively.

Results

MR analysis showed that TD CD8br AC [odds ratio (OR), 1.137; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.031–1.254; p = 0.010], CD8br %leukocyte (OR, 1.142; 95% CI, 1.067–1.223; p < 0.001), CD8br and CD8dim %leukocyte (OR, 1.117; 95% CI, 1.032–1.210; p = 0.006), naive CD8br %T cell (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.004–1.104; p = 0.035), CD28− CD8dim %T cell (OR, 1.097; 95% CI, 1.038–1.158; p < 0.001), CD127− CD8br AC (OR, 1.086; 95% CI, 1.006–1.171; p = 0.034), CD45 on CD8br (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.021–1.099; p = 0.002), CD3 on HLA DR+ CD8br (OR, 1.098; 95% CI, 1.041–1.158; p < 0.001), CD4 on activated Treg (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.001–1.096; p = 0.046), CD3 on CD39+ resting Treg (OR, 1.070; 95% CI, 1.012–1.131; p = 0.018), IgD+ CD38− %lymphocyte (OR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.023–1.190; p = 0.011), CD62L− plasmacytoid DC %DC (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.001–1.093; p = 0.046), and FSC-A on plasmacytoid DC (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.003–1.153; p = 0.042) were associated with increased genetic susceptibility to ASD. MR-Egger displayed no horizontal pleiotropy (p ≥ 0.05). Cochran’s Q revealed no heterogeneity of results (p ≥ 0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusion

This MR analysis revealed 13 immune cell phenotypes associated with increased genetic susceptibility to ASD and emphasized the importance of CD8 T cells and Tregs, which provides new directions for the pathogenesis and drug research of ASD.
The role of school climate on student disclosure of private information and cyberbullying: a comparison of regular and vocational school students in China
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Tang Jiaqi , Zhu Yuhong , Chan Ko Ling
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Adolescents are experiencing an unprecedented cyber-saturated environment where the disclosure of private information should be approached with caution. This study aims to investigate the effects of school environment, including student support, teacher support, and opportunities for autonomy, on students’ disclosure of private information and their experiences with cyberbullying.

Methods

In September 2022, a total of 1,716 students (mean age = 14.60, SD = 1.35) from three regular and vocational schools in China participated in the survey.

Results

The results showed that 35.6% of the participants had experienced victimization by cyberbullying, and 12.6% had perpetrated cyberbullying. Vocational school students reported significantly higher rates of cyberbullying and lower levels of perceived school climate than students from regular school. Student support in the school environment was found to negatively affect both cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, with this impact appearing to be stronger in regular schools as compared to vocational schools. Opportunities for autonomy and the disclosure of private information were positively correlated with experiences of cyberbullying.

Discussion

This study introduces a novel perspective that perceived school climate influences adolescents’ disclosure of private information and their involvement in cyberbullying. The findings could provide implications for future research and practices aimed at child protection in cyberspace.
Smart homes: pioneering age-friendly environments in China for enhanced health and quality of life
Authors: Shafei Ingy , Khadka Jyoti , Balasubramanian Madhan
Published: May 2024

Traditionally, China has been more reliant on a model of care that ensures older adults are cared for by family members. Whilst promoting the idea of older adults ageing in their own homes is essential, the provision of in-home care must shift from primarily relying on family caregivers to a model that places greater emphasis on gerontechnologies and enhanced healthcare service delivery. In this perspective article we argue for the adoption of a ‘smart home’ model in aged care in China. The smart home model argues for innovative technologies to older adult care, such as virtual support groups, video-conferencing, and electronic health records; assistive technologies that can safely maintain independence and assist with daily living such as sensors, wearables, telehealth, smart home technologies as well as interactive robotic technologies for mobility and cognitive support such as humanoid robots, rehabilitation robots, service/companion robots. The adoption and implementation of gerontechnologies have been slow, with only a handful of solutions demonstrating proven effectiveness in supporting home care. The utilisation of such digital technologies to support and enable older adults in China to age-in-place can bring a significant contribution to healthy ageing. Nonetheless, it’s crucial to focus on co-creating with end-users, incorporating their values and preferences, and enhancing training to boost the adoption of these gerontechnologies. Through a smart home model of care, China can age-in-place more effectively, leading to significant contributions to healthy ageing.
The unsolved problem of solar-wind turbulence
Authors: Smith Charles W. , Vasquez Bernard J.
Published: May 2024

The solar wind forms the largest wind tunnel for plasma and magnetofluid turbulence that is accessible to Earth. It evolves from what is thought to be a turbulent source that continues to drive nonlinear turbulent dynamics as it expands outward via large-scale, energy-containing wind shear and shocks. In the outer heliosphere, once the gradients in the flow have coalesced and they no longer provide an adequate source for the turbulence, the excitation of wave energy by the injection of interstellar pickup ions becomes the dominant source of energy that continues to drive the turbulence. While there are established formalisms for the determination of the strength of the turbulence and the evolution of the turbulent spectra is well-established, the actual nonlinear dynamics that are responsible for its formation and evolution remain unresolved and the subject of considerable debate. We examine the evidence and attempt to illuminate the various theories while demonstrating what is needed to resolve the debates and bring the subject of plasma turbulence into a new level of understanding.
Microvascular decompression for intermediate nerve neuralgia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Kan , Li Wenhao , Bo Yujie , Li Biao , Wan Jinxin , Mu Luyan , Song Yuwen
Published: May 2024

Intermediate nerve neuralgia (INN) is a rare craniofacial pain syndrome. The diagnosis of INN is challenging because of the complex ear sensory innervation that results in a clinical overlap with both trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). A 76-year-old woman with a remarkable medical history presented with right otalgia and mandibular pain for 7 years. Neurological examination revealed a diminished sensation in the distribution of the intermediate nerve (IN). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an impression of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) on the facial–vestibulocochlear nerve complex (VII/VIII complex). The patient underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) after long-term oral medication. We confirmed that the responsible vessel was close to the VII/VIII complex and isolated the vessel under the microscope via a right-sided suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. The patient's otalgia and mandibular pain disappeared after the operation. There were no additional neurological deficits. In conclusion, MVD is a safe and feasible option for patients with INN who fail to respond to adequate pharmacotherapy.
A Cooperative Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agricultural Machines in Emergencies
Authors: Pan Weicheng , Wang Jia , Yang Wenzhong
Published: May 2024

Effective scheduling of multiple agricultural machines in emergencies can reduce crop losses to a great extent. In this paper, cooperative scheduling based on deep reinforcement learning for multi-agricultural machines with deadlines is designed to minimize makespan. With the asymmetric transfer paths among farmlands, the problem of agricultural machinery scheduling under emergencies is modeled as an asymmetric multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (AMTSPTW). With the popular encoder-decoder structure, heterogeneous feature fusion attention is designed in the encoder to integrate time windows and asymmetric transfer paths for more comprehensive and better feature extraction. Meanwhile, a path segmentation mask mechanism in the decoder is proposed to divide solutions efficiently by adding virtual depots to assign work to each agricultural machinery. Experimental results show that our proposal outperforms existing modified baselines for the studied problem. Especially, the measurements of computation ratio and makespan are improved by 26.7% and 21.9% on average, respectively. The computation time of our proposed strategy has a significant improvement over these comparisons. Meanwhile, our strategy has a better generalization for larger problems.
Ecology, Cultivation, and Utilization of the Dittany of Crete (Origanum dictamnus L.) from Ancient Times to the Present: A Short Review
Authors: Solomou Alexandra D. , Fountouli Anastasia , Molla Aikaterini , Petrakis Manolis , Manolikaki Ioanna , Skoufogianni Elpiniki
Published: May 2024

Medicinal and aromatic plants are a consistent component of the biodiversity heritage in numerous countries worldwide. Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae family), also known as Dittany, an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, has been widely used as traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to provide a thorough and detailed account of Dittany in antiquity, the plant’s physical characteristics and ecology, and its cultivation methods, as well as its chemical components, biological properties, and pharmacological studies. The information is presented and analyzed in a critical manner. A total of 86 research studies were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that Dittany is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants, with many uses not only in pharmacology but also in gastronomy. While a large body of literature exists regarding the application of essential oils, the number of publications concerning the plant’s cultivation is rather small. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on the cultivation methods and the significance of cultivating and employing Dittany in Greece and the wider Mediterranean region in the future. Further research on this plant species is warranted since it has significant medicinal, economic, and environmental value.
Strategic Roadmap for Adopting Data-Driven Proactive Measures in Solar Logistics
Authors: Bhandigani Madhura , Pattan Akram , Carpitella Silvia
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive overview of the solar industry’s transition towards resilient energy solutions, emphasizing the critical role of data-driven practices in driving this transition through responsible resource management. As continuous technological refinement is essential to optimize solar energy’s potential, the smart use of available data plays a significant part in enhancing the accessibility of solar panels. Building upon prior research investigating the influence of Big Data on solar logistics, this paper proposes a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodology based on expert experience, providing practical support in the implementation of data-driven proactive measures within the solar industry. Specifically, this study focuses on measures aimed at effectively implementing two main logistic strategies, which are Route Optimization (RO) and Warehouse Management (WM). A rigorous analysis of criteria and measures considered to be relevant in the literature is first conducted. Criteria will be screened and weighted to eventually act as drivers toward measure assessment and prioritization. A final sensitivity analysis culminates in the formalization of findings and in the formulation of a pragmatic roadmap tailored for solar industry practitioners, designed to increase operational efficiency while integrating key sustainability principles across supply chain endeavors.
Passivity-Based Control with Disturbance Observer of Electromagnetic Formation Flight Spacecraft in the Port-Hamiltonian Framework
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Zhou Qingrui , Zheng Wei , Shao Jiang
Published: May 2024

Satellite formation flying technology currently represents a focal point in space mission research. Traditional spacecraft payload performance and lifespan are often constrained by propellant limitations. Electromagnetic Formation Flying (EMFF), a propellant-free formation flying technique, has garnered widespread attention. Its inherent strong nonlinearity and coupling present challenges for high-precision control within EMFF. This paper presents the relative motion dynamics of a two-satellite EMFF in the port-Hamiltonian framework and constructs an accurate nonlinear model of the dynamics. Utilizing the concept of Interconnection and Damping Assignment and nonlinear disturbance observer, a composite disturbance-rejection passivity-based controller is designed, offering a method for controlling the magnetic dipole strength of formation satellites. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the viability of the proposed dynamics model and control strategy.
Multivariate Attention-Based Orbit Uncertainty Propagation and Orbit Determination Method for Earth–Jupiter Transfer
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Shi Yishuai , Han Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Current orbit uncertainty propagation (OUP) and orbit determination (OD) methods suffer from drawbacks related to high computational burden, limiting their applications in deep space missions. To this end, this paper proposes a multivariate attention-based method for efficient OUP and OD of Earth–Jupiter transfer. First, a neural network-based OD framework is utilized, in which the orbit propagation process in a traditional unscented transform (UT) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is replaced by the neural network. Then, the sample structure of training the neural network for the Earth–Jupiter transfer is discussed and designed. In addition, a method for efficiently generating a large number of samples for the Earth–Jupiter transfer is presented. Next, a multivariate attention-based neural network (MANN) is designed for orbit propagation, which shows better capacity in terms of accuracy and generalization than the deep neural network. Finally, the proposed method is successfully applied to solve the OD problem in an Earth–Jupiter transfer. Simulations show that the proposed method can obtain a similar estimation to the UKF while saving more than 90% of the computational cost.
Selected Chromatographic Methods for Determining the Biological Activity of Substances
Authors: Grządka E. , Malinowska I.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents various aspects of the use of chromatography to determine the biological activity of substances. On the one hand, the use of chromatography to determine the lipophilicity of a substance, a property that affects all LADME steps in various biomimetic systems, is presented, using various descriptors such as the retention factor in pure water (or buffer with physiological plasma pH), the CHI value, and Chrom logD. The use of chromatography in biomimetic systems to determine the interaction of substances with phospholipids (IAM stationary phases) and transport proteins (stationary phases with immobilised proteins) is also discussed. On the basis of the retention data obtained in these systems, the volume of distribution of the substance and the degree of binding of the substance with the proteins in question can be determined. Chromatography is also a method used to determine the interaction of substances with specific membrane receptors at their site of action using membrane chromatography (MCM). Thanks to biological detection, chromatography can also be used to determine the antimicrobial activity (bioautography) of substances and the effect of substances on biochemical reactions taking place in organisms, such as antioxidant properties and the inhibitory activity of various enzymes (biological assay).
Eigenvalue of (p,q)-Biharmonic System along the Ricci Flow
Authors: Yan Lixu , Li Yanlin , Saha Apurba , Abolarinwa Abimbola , Ghosh Suraj , Hui Shyamal Kumar
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we determine the variation formula for the first eigenvalue of (p,q)-biharmonic system on a closed Riemannian manifold. Several monotonic quantities are also derived.
Introducing Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide into Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Developing a Lateral Flow Biosensor for Streptococci Detection
Authors: Chang Wei , Chou Po-Hao , Wu Cai-Tong , Song Jheng-Da , Tsai Kun-Nan , Chiou Chiuan-Chian
Published: May 2024

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology is extensively utilized for the detection of infectious diseases owing to its rapid processing and high sensitivity. Nevertheless, conventional LAMP signaling methods frequently suffer from a lack of sequence specificity. This study integrates a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) probe into the LAMP process to enhance sequence specificity. This TFO-LAMP technique was applied for the detection of Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The TFO probe is designed to recognize a specific DNA sequence, termed the TFO targeting sequence (TTS), within the amplified product, facilitating detection via fluorescent instrumentation or lateral flow biosensors. A screening method was developed to identify TFO sequences with high affinity to integrate TFO into LAMP, subsequently incorporating a selected TTS into an LAMP primer. In the TFO-LAMP assay, a FAM-labeled TFO is added to target the TTS. This TFO can be captured by an anti-FAM antibody on lateral flow test strips, thus creating a nucleic acid testing biosensor. The efficacy of the TFO-LAMP assay was confirmed through experiments with specimens spiked with varying concentrations of GBS, demonstrating 85% sensitivity at 300 copies and 100% sensitivity at 30,000 copies. In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a TFO-LAMP technology that offers applicability in lateral flow biosensors and potentially other biosensor platforms.
Effects of Future Subjective Expectations on Cognitive Decline and Dementia among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Sohn Minsung , Che Xianhua , Park Hee-Jung
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the impact of subjective expectations of the future (e.g., income, life expectancy, and national policies) on the onset of dementia and mild cognitive impairment by sex and age in middle-aged and older adults. The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) data from 2008 to 2020, comprising 4116 people above 45 years, were used. A time-series analysis and multiple panel logistic regression were conducted to highlight subjective expectation trends and their effect on dementia and mild cognitive impairment, respectively. Low subjective expectations of the future negatively affected cognitive impairment (total: odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.03) and dementia (total: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03–1.06), and those of national policies were the biggest risk factors for cognitive impairment (total: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–1.22) and dementia (total: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07–1.13). Individuals about to retire and with low expectations of workability were more likely to develop cognitive impairment (total: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02–1.06). Subjective expectations of economic downturn also caused cognitive impairment, especially in women (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) and early stage older adults (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10). Policymakers must consider the impact of changes in national policies and living environments on cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.
Rising Damp Treatment in Historical Buildings by Electro-Osmosis: A Case Study
Authors: Koca Aliihsan , Uğural Mehmet Nurettin , Yaman Ergün
Published: May 2024

Throughout the past century, numerous technologies have been suggested to deal with the capillary rise of water through the soil in historic masonry buildings. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of capillary moisture repulsion apparatus that uses the electro-osmosis approach over a prolonged period of time. The Gül mosque was selected as a sample historical building affected by structural problems caused by the absorption of water through small channels on its walls due to capillary action. The moisture repulsion mechanism efficiently decreased the moisture level in the walls from a ‘wet’ state to a ‘dry’ state in roughly 9 months. After the installation of the equipment, the water mass ratio of the building decreased from 14.48% to 2.90%. It was determined that the majority of the water in the building was relocated during the initial measurement period. Furthermore, it inhibited the absorption of water by capillary action by protecting the construction elements that were in contact with the wet ground. Lastly, capillary water repulsion coefficients (C) for various measurement durations and time factors were proposed. The average value of C was calculated to be 0.152 kg/m2 s0.5 by measuring the point at which the water repulsion remained nearly constant.
Learning from the Past, Looking to Resilience: Housing in Serbia in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Zivkovic Milica , Stanimirovic Mirko , Stamenkovic Marija , Kondic Slavisa , Petrovic Vladana
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly reshaped life across the globe, significantly influencing the future of housing. The enactment and densification of diverse activities within one place have resulted in varying degrees of conflict between the built and social environment. This conflict is directly related to the degree of housing adaptability to new life, work, and leisure conditions. Movement restrictions and distance learning have significantly impacted the young population, which is susceptible to ‘enforced togetherness’ conditions. However, studies on post-pandemic housing in Serbia are rare. This paper investigates the relationship between the built and social environment, focusing on current trends in multi-family housing from the perspective of the progressive change of life standards in the post-pandemic era. It also includes a survey of the living conditions of architecture students in Serbia during lockdown and distance learning, offering insights into the impact of the physical environment on virus transmission and social dynamics. The main objective of this study is to formulate guidelines for developing a resilient housing model in Serbia that will address both current and future crises. From the findings, it can be concluded that radical changes in housing policy are necessary to enable less interdependence among layers within the system striving to be resilient.
Nanotechnology in Catalysis, 2nd Edition
Authors: Sabater Maria J.
Published: May 2024

Catalysis is considered a central field in nanoscience and nanotechnology, given that the use of nanoscale structures has played a central role in the development of nanomaterials such as catalysts (nanocatalysts) for decades [...]
Prime Editing and DNA Repair System: Balancing Efficiency with Safety
Authors: Daliri Karim , Hescheler Jürgen , Pfannkuche Kurt Paul
Published: May 2024

Prime editing (PE), a recent progression in CRISPR-based technologies, holds promise for precise genome editing without the risks associated with double-strand breaks. It can introduce a wide range of changes, including single-nucleotide variants, insertions, and small deletions. Despite these advancements, there is a need for further optimization to overcome certain limitations to increase efficiency. One such approach to enhance PE efficiency involves the inhibition of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, specifically MLH1. The rationale behind this approach lies in the MMR system’s role in correcting mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication. Inhibiting this repair pathway creates a window of opportunity for the PE machinery to incorporate the desired edits before permanent DNA repair actions. However, as the MMR system plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, it is important to consider the potential risks associated with manipulating this system. The new versions of PE with enhanced efficiency while blocking MLH1 are called PE4 and PE5. Here, we explore the potential risks associated with manipulating the MMR system. We pay special attention to the possible implications for human health, particularly the development of cancer.
hTERT-Immortalized Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Large-Scale Manufacturing, Cargo Profiling, and Functional Effects in Retinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hindle Jessica , Williams Anastasia , Kim Yuriy , Kim Dongsung , Patil Kajal , Khatkar Pooja , Osgood Quinn , Nelson Collin , Routenberg David A. , Howard Marissa , Liotta Lance A. , Kashanchi Fatah , Branscome Heather
Published: May 2024

As the economic burden associated with vision loss and ocular damage continues to rise, there is a need to explore novel treatment strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are enriched with various biological cargo, and there is abundant literature supporting the reparative and immunomodulatory properties of stem cell EVs across a broad range of pathologies. However, one area that requires further attention is the reparative effects of stem cell EVs in the context of ocular damage. Additionally, most of the literature focuses on EVs isolated from primary stem cells; the use of EVs isolated from human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized stem cells has not been thoroughly examined. Using our large-scale EV-manufacturing platform, we reproducibly manufactured EVs from hTERT-immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and employed various methods to characterize and profile their associated cargo. We also utilized well-established cell-based assays to compare the effects of these EVs on both healthy and damaged retinal pigment epithelial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish proof of concept for reproducible, large-scale manufacturing of hTERT-immortalized MSC EVs and to investigate their potential reparative properties against damaged retinal cells. The results from our studies confirm that hTERT-immortalized MSC EVs exert reparative effects in vitro that are similar to those observed in primary MSC EVs. Therefore, hTERT-immortalized MSCs may represent a more consistent and reproducible platform than primary MSCs for generating EVs with therapeutic potential.
Deciphering the Molecular Nexus: An In-Depth Review of Mitochondrial Pathways and Their Role in Cell Death Crosstalk
Authors: Li Yumeng , Rasheed Madiha , Liu Jingkai , Chen Zixuan , Deng Yulin
Published: May 2024

Cellular demise is a pivotal event in both developmental processes and disease states, with mitochondrial regulation playing an essential role. Traditionally, cell death was categorized into distinct types, considered to be linear and mutually exclusive pathways. However, the current understanding has evolved to recognize the complex and interconnected mechanisms of cell death, especially within apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are governed by intricate molecular pathways, with mitochondria acting as central decision-makers in steering cells towards either apoptosis or pyroptosis through various mediators. The choice between apoptosis and necroptosis is often determined by mitochondrial signaling and is orchestrated by specific proteins. The molecular dialogue and the regulatory influence of mitochondria within these cell death pathways are critical research areas. Comprehending the shared elements and the interplay between these death modalities is crucial for unraveling the complexities of cellular demise.
Application of Laser Remelting Technology in the Case of Cultivator Tines
Authors: Domokos István , Pálinkás Sándor
Published: May 2024

The effectiveness of farming relies heavily on the condition of machinery and equipment, as well as maintaining the ideal soil conditions for the desired yields. Soil cultivation tools endure substantial stress and wear, emphasizing the need to study their durability surrounding soil contact. Our research focuses on enhancing the lifespan of worn-out ploughshares through various heat treatment methods and hot metal spraying. By remelting the surface of ploughshares using a flame or laser, we aim to identify the most effective treatment for agricultural production. The improved surface treatment of the furrows in field tillers can significantly cut costs and enhance tillage efficiency. Our preliminary findings suggest that the metal spraying and remelting of nickel alloy hold promise for achieving these goals.