bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the origins of Imperial Roman workers (1st–4th century CE) at Vagnari, Southern Italy, using 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O variability
Authors: Emery Matthew V. , Stark Robert J. , Murchie Tyler J. , Elford Spencer , Schwarcz Henry P. , Prowse Tracy L.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

We obtained the oxygen and strontium isotope composition of teeth from Roman period (1st to 4th century CE) inhabitants buried in the Vagnari cemetery (Southern Italy), and present the first strontium isotope variation map of the Italian peninsula using previously published data sets and new strontium data. We test the hypothesis that the Vagnari population was predominantly composed of local individuals, instead of migrants originating from abroad.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed the oxygen (18O/16O) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope composition of 43 teeth. We also report the 87Sr/86Sr composition of an additional 13 molars, 87Sr/86Sr values from fauna (n = 10), and soil (n = 5) samples local to the area around Vagnari. The 87Sr/86Sr variation map of Italy uses 87Sr/86Sr values obtained from previously published data sources from across Italy (n = 199).

Results

Converted tooth carbonate (δ18ODW) and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the majority of individuals buried at Vagnari were local to the region. ArcGIS bounded Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation of the pan‐Italian 87Sr/86Sr data set approximates the expected 87Sr/86Sr range of Italy's geological substratum, producing the first strontium map of the Italian peninsula.

Discussion

Results suggest that only 7% of individuals buried at Vagnari were born elsewhere and migrated to Vagnari, while the remaining individuals were either local to Vagnari (58%), or from the southern Italian peninsula (34%). Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Roman Imperial lower‐class populations in southern Italy sustained their numbers through local reproduction measures, and not through large‐scale immigration from outside the Italian peninsula.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Ho Nga Kim T. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , van Gastel Maurice , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: April 2018

Stable N‐heterocyclic carbene analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin hydrocarbons, [(IPr)(C6H4)(IPr)] and [(IPr)(C6H4)2(IPr)] (4 and 5, respectively; IPr=C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CHCH), are reported. In a nickel‐catalyzed double carbenylation of 1,4‐Br2C6H4 and 4,4′‐Br2(C6H4)2 with IPr (1), [(IPr)(C6H4)(IPr)](Br)2 (2) and [(IPr)(C6H4)2(IPr)](Br)2 (3) were generated, which respectively afforded 4 and 5 as crystalline solids upon reduction with KC8. Experimental and computational studies support the semiquinoidal nature of 5 with a small singlet−triplet energy gap ΔES−T of 10.7 kcal mol−1, whereas 4 features more quinoidal character with a rather large ΔES−T of 25.6 kcal mol−1. In view of the low ΔES−T, 4 and 5 may be described as biradicaloids. Moreover, 5 has considerable (41 %) diradical character.
Facile enzymatic preparation of fluorescent conjugated polymers of phenols and their application in sensing
Authors: Kiratitanavit Weeradech , Bruno Ferdinando F. , Kumar Jayant , Nagarajan Ramaswamy
Published: April 2018

The recognized drawback of utilizing metal catalysts for the synthesis of fluorescent conjugated polymers (CP) is the requirement for extensive purification to ensure complete removal of residual catalyst that would otherwise quench the fluorescence. In addition, typical synthesis of fluorescent CP involves multiple steps, monomers and solvents with varying levels of toxicity. This work demonstrates the possibility of utilizing oxidoreductase enzymes as the catalyst, for the one step polymerization of naturally occurring phenols to yield fluorescent conjugated polyphenols. The metal in the active site of the enzyme remains chelated during the synthesis allowing the polymers to be fluorescent as synthesized without the need for extensive purification. Three natural phenols, 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and chlorogenic acid were polymerized using Horseradish peroxidase as the biocatalyst. Spectroscopic techniques, UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance, and fluorescence, are used to characterize chemical structure and photoluminescence of these polymers. The polyphenols exhibit fluorescence with significant stokes shift in the range 30–100 nm rendering them useful in fluorescence quenching‐based sensors. Preliminary studies on use of these polymers, in the detection of nitro‐aromatic compounds in solution through using fluorescence‐quenching are also presented. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46496.
Vi‐PDMS incorporated with protein‐based coatings designed for permeability‐enhanced applications
Authors: Ma Jianzhong , Zhang Fan , Qiao Yinghuan , Xu Qunna , Zhou Jianhua , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2018

Functional polydimethylsiloxanes containing vinyl groups (Vi‐PDMS) were used for silicone‐based organic polymers in composites and adhesive formulations. Poly(butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/vinyl silicone oil)/casein–caprolactam [P(BA‐MMA‐Vi‐PDMS)/CA‐CPL] nanoparticles were prepared via emulsifier‐free polymerization. The well‐defined core–shell structure of P(BA‐MMA‐Vi‐PDMS)/CA‐CPL nanoparticles was verified by transmission electron microscopy. The results of scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements proved that the as‐obtained coatings exhibited porous and hydrophobic properties, which were helpful for superior water vapor permeability. By comparing the appearance of the coatings before and after adhesion analysis, the excellent adhesion strength was proved to be dominated by Vi‐PDMS. The relationship between interface morphology and properties of the resultant coatings was investigated in detail. The nucleation mechanism for this soap‐free emulsion synthesis was also proposed accordingly. These results could help in designing coatings with better surface properties and wider application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46501.
Bioplastic based on 1,8‐octanediol‐plasticized feather keratin: A material for food packaging and biomedical applications
Authors: Liu Shuai , Huang Kaibing , Yu Han , Wu Fenxia
Published: April 2018

Keratin without plasticizer produces fragile films. 1,8‐Octanediol (OD) was used as a plasticizer to modify keratin films in this study. Two keratins with different structures were extracted from duck feather, including reduced keratin (RK) and native keratin (NK). Formaldehyde was used as the crosslinking agent for RK to prepare crosslinked keratin (CK) films. The addition of OD toughened the CK and RK films. In particular, the plasticized CK films demonstrated good mechanical properties and had satisfactory water resistance. The water vapor permeability varied between 0.106 and 0.808 g/(m s Pa) for CK films without OD and with 0.30 g OD/g keratin, respectively, and the tensile strength decreased from 12.1 to 8.0 MPa and the elongation at break increased from 2.3% to 11.6%. Cell culture experiments suggest that OD‐plasticized NK films are biocompatible. In general, OD‐plasticized keratin films can find applications in food packaging and biomedical materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46516.
Color combination of polysiloxane polymer by introducing two different triphenylamine based pendent groups for electrochromism
Authors: Hao Liping , Wang Wen , Niu Haijun , Zhou Yu
Published: April 2018

A novel triphenylamine (TPA)‐containing polysiloxane (PTPASi) named P(PT‐TB‐TPA)Si has been synthesized through hydrosilylation method by the reaction of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) with two different TPA‐based alkenes (TPAA) simultaneously for electrochromic application. The thermal stability and cycling stability of the P(PT‐TB‐TPA)Si were enhanced by grafting TPA onto polysiloxane since the force of adhesion between the P(PT‐TB‐TPA)Si film and the ITO substrate can be improved. The morphology of the polymer after electro‐oxidation was investigated and no significant change was observed revealing good stability. Otherwise, the effect of two different TPA‐based alkenes which were introduced into one polymer through covalent bond on cyclic voltammetry and electrochromic spectra was studied. The color of the polymer changed from colorless to red then to deep purple which obeys the color mixing theory and reveals multielectrochromic property. In addition, the potential switching property of the P(PT‐TB‐TPA)Si at the temperature of 150 °C has been investigated. The high thermal stability makes the polymer potential for relatively high temperature and/or long‐term cycling application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46522.
Preparation of flexible hollow PANI/Feixu composite fibers
Authors: Li Lingyun , Zhang Hongfeng , Liu Chunjing , Yang Jinjin , Sun Donglan , Guo Yanling , Wang Xiaocong
Published: April 2018

Feixu, floccule in the air, is a common phenomenon in nature, sending their seeds to distant place to reproduce. In order to make the seeds flying farther, the fibers of the Feixu are hollow and flexible. In this communication, three kinds of flexible Feixu fibers on the seeds of cynanchum, reed, and endive were used as matrix materials to synthesize conductive polyaniline (PANI) hollow composite fibers. Aniline was absorbed and polymerized on these natural materials forming flexible conductive composite fibers. The as‐prepared PANI/Feixu composite fibers show good flexibility and conductivity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46526.
Optimization of properties in a rubber compound containing a ternary polymer blend using response surface methodology
Authors: Salvatori Pablo E. , Sánchez Gastón , Lombardi Aldo , Nicocia Esteban , Bortolato Santiago A. , Boschetti Carlos E.
Published: April 2018

In order to find the best combination of three synthetic rubbers, that is, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) grade 1712, SBR grade 1721 and high‐1,4‐cis polybutadiene, that produce a compound with specific end‐use properties, a statistical experimental design is proposed in this work. The design consists of ten mixtures containing specific amounts of total styrene and BR content. A number of properties are tested in each mixture, selecting those related to requirements for the tread of a high performance tire: glass transition temperature (Tg), the ratio between the viscous modulus and the elastic modulus (tanδ@60 °C), Mooney viscosity, and the tensile properties. The values obtained for each property are fit to statistically significant models, obtaining the respective response surfaces. These are next used to define a desirable formulation with the optimal ratio of each rubber, and finally the optimized formulation is validated by comparing the experimental and predicted values for each modeled property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46548.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of hybrid MoS2/h‐BN polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Ribeiro Hélio , Trigueiro João Paulo C. , Lopes Magnovaldo C. , Pedrotti Jairo J. , Woellner Cristiano F. , Silva Wellington M. , Silva Glaura G. , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: April 2018

Nanocomposites based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and hybrid MoS2/h‐BN nanofillers with different wt % in elastomeric polyurethane (PU) were studied with respect to their microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties. Tensile tests showed increases up to 80% in Young`s modulus for both h‐BN and hybrid MoS2/h‐BN composites. These results agree with dynamic mechanical analysis tests, which confirm an increase of up to 106% in storage modulus for hybrid MoS2/h‐BN with 0.5 wt % content. When the hybrid MoS2/h‐BN nanofillers were incorporated into the polymeric matrix, increases up to 102% in crosslink density were observed, indicating that strong interactions between the hybrid nanofillers and PU were established. However, the most important synergistic effect between the mixture of MoS2 and h‐BN nanoadditives was the increase of up to 752% in thermal conductivity with respect to neat polymer. Therefore, hybrid composites based in two‐dimensional MoS2/h‐BN nanofillers with multifunctional attributes can be applied in advanced polymeric materials that require high mechanical and thermal performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46560.
Multimethod Approach to the Early Postnatal Growth of the Mandible in Mice from a Zone of Robertsonian Polymorphism
Authors: Martínez‐Vargas Jessica , Muñoz‐Muñoz Francesc , López‐Fuster María José , Cubo Jorge , Ventura Jacint
Published: April 2018

The western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) shows high karyotypic diversity owing to Robertsonian translocations. Morphometric studies conducted with adult mice suggest that karyotype evolution due to these chromosomal reorganizations entails variation in the form and the patterns of morphological covariation of the mandible. However, information is much scarcer regarding the effect of these rearrangements on the growth pattern of the mouse mandible over early postnatal ontogeny. Here we compare mandible growth from the second to the eighth week of postnatal life between two ontogenetic series of mice from wild populations, with the standard karyotype and with Robertsonian translocations respectively, reared under the same conditions. A multi‐method approach is used, including bone histology analyses of mandible surfaces and cross‐sections, as well as geometric morphometric analyses of mandible form. The mandibles of both standard and Robertsonian mice display growth acceleration around weaning, anteroposterior direction of bone maturation, a predominance of bone deposition fields over ontogeny, and relatively greater expansion of the posterior mandible region correlated with the ontogenetic increase in mandible size. Nevertheless, differences exist between the two mouse groups regarding the timing of histological maturation of the mandible, the localization of certain bone remodeling fields, the temporospatial patterns of morphological variation, and the organization into two main modules. The dissimilarities in the process of mandible growth between the two groups of mice become more evident around sexual maturity, and could arise from alterations that Robertsonian translocations may exert on genes involved in the bone remodeling mechanism. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost–utility analysis of bariatric surgery
Authors: Borisenko O , Lukyanov V , Ahmed A R
Published: April 2018

Background

The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost–utility of bariatric surgery in England.

Methods

A state-transition Markov model was developed to compare the costs and outcomes of two treatment approaches for patients with morbid obesity: bariatric surgery, including gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding; and non-surgical usual care. Parameters of the effectiveness of surgery and complications were informed by data from the UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry, the Scandinavian Obesity Registry and the Swedish Obese Subjects study. Costs and utilities were informed by UK sources.

Results

Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced mean costs to the health service by €2742 (£1944), and gain of 0·8 life-years and 4·0 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over a lifetime compared with usual care. Bariatric surgery also had the potential to reduce the lifetime risks of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Delaying surgery for up to 3 years resulted in a reduction of 0·7 QALYs and a minor decrease of €2058 (£1459) in associated healthcare costs.

Conclusion

Currently used surgical methods were found to be cost saving over the lifetime of individuals treated in England.
Take steps to reduce risk for study‐abroad travel
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2018

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — You wouldn't recommend a surgeon who failed to provide data about his safety procedures and success rates. But student safety advocates claim that's in essence what higher ed administrators do when they recruit students to participate in study‐abroad trips with companies that don't provide data about their safety procedures, injuries, accidents, and deaths.
President shares 5 building blocks for success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2018

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — Colleges and universities face tenuous times full of daunting challenges, according to E. Gordon Gee, J.D., Ed.D. But in this atmosphere of havoc, higher ed officials must embrace the opportunity to establish building blocks for a havoc‐resistant future for higher education, he said at Stetson University's National Conference on Law and Higher Education, when he accepted the William A. Kaplin Award for Excellence in Higher Education Law & Policy Scholarship.
A recurrent concealed parahisian accessory pathway
Authors: Verbeet Thierry , Castro Jose , Almorad Alexandre
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical Message

This case demonstrates the interest of ablating in the aortic root in case of resistant parahisian accessory pathways with failure of the right side approach. Failure on the right side may be due to fear of creating an AV block of failure to ablate critical fibers in the parahisian position.
Adjustable Electrochemiluminescence from Highly Passivated CdTe/CdS Nanocrystals by Simple Surface Decoration with Counterions
Authors: He Yupeng , Hou Shifeng , Yang Liqiong , Zhang Fang , Zou Guizheng
Published: April 2018

Tunable optics and electronics of II–VI nanocrystals (NCs) is mainly achieved by using the traditional size‐dependent strategy. Herein, we show that the triggering energy (potential), intensity, and even reductive–oxidation electrochemiluminescence (ECL) spectra of highly passivated CdTe/CdS NCs of the same size can be adjusted by simply decorating the NCs with counterions, which proves that surface chemistry can bring about varied electrostatic interactions between the surface vacancies and electrochemically injected carriers for adjustable electrochemical redox induced radiative charge transfer. Potential‐resolved ECL demonstrates that increasing the surface sulfur vacancies and decreasing the surface cadmium vacancies can clearly enhance the ECL intensity and lower ECL triggering energy. All the traditional accumulated ECL spectra of CdTe/CdS NCs with various surface vacancies are close to the photoluminescence spectrum of monodisperse NCs without surface treatment, indicating the ECL spectra are mainly dominated by the CdTe core, whereas the slightly redshifted ECL spectrum of CdTe/CdS NCs with excessive cadmium vacancies indicates that the electrostatic repulsion between surface cadmium vacancies and electrons partially consumes the energy of the electrochemically injected electrons. Interestingly, spooling ECL spectra of CdTe/CdS NCs with varied surface vacancies are slightly blueshifted with negatively scanned potential, indicating electrons can be injected into conduction band of higher energy levels in a potential modulated way.
Towards Sustainable C−H Functionalization Reactions: The Emerging Role of Bio‐Based Reaction Media
Authors: Santoro Stefano , Marrocchi Assunta , Lanari Daniela , Ackermann Lutz , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: April 2018

In the last decade, transition‐metal catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions have progressed enormously, becoming a useful tool in organic synthesis and a practical alternative to well‐established methodologies. Very recently, research efforts have also been devoted to developing more sustainable C−H functionalization protocols, in order to increase their applicability. One of the most promising approaches in this sense is represented by the substitution of common reaction media with bio‐based solvents. In the present contribution a general perspective on the benefits of this approach is given, followed by key literature examples.
A Bis‐Triazacyclononane Tris‐Pyridyl N9‐Azacryptand “Beer Can” Receptor for Complexation of Alkali Metal and Lead(II) Cations
Authors: Brown Asha , Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Crane Christopher G. , White Nicholas G. , Thompson Amber L. , Beer Paul D.
Published: April 2018

A new bis‐triazacyclononane tris‐pyridyl N9‐azacryptand ligand is prepared via a convenient one‐pot [2+3] condensation reaction between triazacyclononane and 2,6‐bis(bromomethyl) pyridine in the presence of M2CO3 (M=Li, Na, K). The proton, lithium, sodium, potassium and lead(II) complexes of the ligand are characterised in the solid state. Preliminary solution‐phase competition experiments indicate that the cryptand ligand preferentially binds lead(II) in the presence of sodium, calcium, potassium and zinc cations in methanol solution.
The Direct Synthesis of Imines, Benzimidazoles and Quinoxalines from Nitroarenes and Carbonyl Compounds by Selective Nitroarene Hydrogenation Employing a Reusable Iron Catalyst
Authors: Bäumler Christoph , Kempe Rhett
Published: April 2018

The “replacement” of noble metals by earth abundant metals is a desirable aim in catalysis and a possible way of conserving rare elements. The “replacement” is especially attractive if novel selectivity patterns are observed permitting the development of novel coupling reactions. Herein, we report on a novel, robust and reusable iron catalyst, which permits the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes in the presence of hydrogenation‐sensitive functional groups. Based on the selectivity pattern observed, the direct iron‐catalyzed synthesis of imines and benzimidazoles from nitroarenes and aldehydes becomes feasible. In addition, we introduce the direct synthesis of quinoxalines from nitroarenes and diketones applying our catalyst.
Diarylamine‐Fused Subporphyrins: Proof of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Mechanism
Authors: Kise Koki , Hong Yongseok , Fukui Norihito , Shimizu Daiki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: April 2018

Diarylamine‐fused subporphyrins 1 a and 1 b were synthesized from β,β‐diiodo‐meso‐chloro subporphyrin 2 through a one‐pot procedure involving nucleophilic aromatic substitution and SRN1‐type intramolecular fusion reaction as the first example of meso‐nitrogen‐embedded subporphyrin. While non‐fused counterparts 3 b and 4 b display effective fluorescence quenching due to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature, 1 b emits fluorescence with ΦF=0.18 under the same conditions, because conformational twisting is not allowed due to the fused structure. In addition, the oxidative titration with tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate gave cation radical 7 for 1 a and cation radical and dication for 1 b. Actually, cation radical 7 was isolated through separation over silica gel column but was found to slowly decompose in concentrated solutions.
A data‐based optimal setting method for the coking flue gas denitration process
Authors: Li Yaning , Wang Xuelei , Liu Zhenjie , Bai Xiwei , Tan Jie
Published: April 2018

This study focuses on developing an optimal setting method for the first integrated coking flue gas desulphurization and denitration device in China. Maintaining the denitration process in a state of optimal economic efficiency has become an issue in production optimization control. This paper proposes a data‐based two‐stage nonparametric optimization method to optimize the operation of the denitration process. A principal component regression (PCR)‐based multiple case fusion case‐based reasoning (CBR) method is proposed to obtain the initial optimization set points. To overcome the steady‐state modelling difficulties associated with the process, a local modelling method for the coking flue gas denitration process is developed using an improved just‐in‐time learning (JITL) algorithm. Taking the preset values obtained above as the initial value of an active set algorithm, the optimization problem can be solved in a timely and precise manner. The intelligent setting software has been developed for running industrial applications, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.
Anionic Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide with Epoxides via Alkali Metal Alkoxides
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Jian , Yang Jia‐Liang , Hu Lan‐Fang , Zhang Xing‐Hong
Published: April 2018

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), an analogue of carbon dioxide (CO2), can be converted to CO2 via the carbonic anhydride enzymes widely existing in nature. COS is an ideal monomer for making poly(monothiocarbonate)s, which are difficult to synthesize by traditional methods. Herein, for the first time, we describe an anionic copolymerization of COS with epoxides using alkali metal alkoxides as the catalysts (initiators), affording poly(monothiocarbonate)s with 100% alternating degree, >99% tail‐to‐head (T‐H) content, high number‐average molecular weights (Mns, up to 90.3 kg/mol) with narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ=Mw/Mn, 1.05—1.31 for COS/propylene oxide copolymers) under solvent‐free and mild conditions. Oxygen‐sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which can result in the production of contaminated dithiocarbonate and carbonate units in the main chain, was nearly completely depressed at 0 oC. In addition, in contrast to previously reported salen chromium (iron) complexes that required multiple synthetic steps, this work provides simple, low‐cost, and effective catalysts for making colorless sulfur‐containing polymers.
The state of survivorship care in radiation oncology: Results from a nationally distributed survey
Authors: Frick Melissa A. , Rosenthal Seth A. , Vapiwala Neha , Monzon Brian T. , Berman Abigail T.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Survivorship care has become an increasingly critical component of oncologic care as well as a quality practice and reimbursement metric. To the authors' knowledge, the current climate of survivorship medicine in radiation oncology has not been investigated fully.

METHODS

An institutional review board‐approved, Internet‐based survey examining practices and preparedness in survivorship care was distributed to radiation oncology practices participating in the American College of Radiology Radiation Oncology Practice Accreditation program between November 2016 and January 2017. A total of 78 surveys were completed. Among these, 2 were nonphysicians, resulting in 76 evaluable responses.

RESULTS

Radiation oncologists (ROs) frequently reported that they are the primary provider in the evaluation of late toxicities and the recurrence of primary cancer. Although approximately 68% of ROs frequently discuss plans for future care with survivors, few provide a written survivorship care plan to their patients (18%) or the patients' primary care providers (24%). Patient prognosis, disease site, and reimbursement factors often influence the provision of survivorship care. Although ROs report that several platforms offer training in survivorship medicine, the quality of these resources is variable and extensive instruction is rare. Fewer than one‐half of ROs believe they are expertly trained in survivorship care.

CONCLUSIONS

ROs play an active role within the multidisciplinary team in the cancer‐related follow‐up care of survivors. Investigation of barriers to the provision of survivorship care and optimization of service delivery should be pursued further. The development of high‐quality, easily accessible educational programming is needed so that ROs can participate more effectively in the care of cancer survivors. Cancer 2018;124:2653‐60. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparity in oncologic and quality‐of‐life outcomes in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas enrolled in a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Guerriero Margaret K. , Redman Mary W. , Baker Kelsey K. , Martins Renato G. , Eaton Keith , Chow Laura Q. , Santana‐Davila Rafael , Baik Christina , Goulart Bernardo H. , Lee Sylvia , Rodriguez Cristina P.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

To better understand patient‐reported quality of life (PRQOL) for patients with head and neck cancer, PRQOL scores were collected in a clinical trial.

METHODS

Patients were randomized to arm A (70 Gy of radiation with cisplatin) or arm B (70 Gy of radiation with cisplatin plus erlotinib at 150 mg daily). PRQOL scores were measured on days –7 (arm B only), 0, 30, and 180 with the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire. Associations with clinical factors and outcomes were explored with linear mixed, logistic, and Cox regression models.

RESULTS

One hundred eighty‐nine patients (97 in arm A and 92 in arm B) consented to PRQOL collection. Patients were balanced apart from more females in arm A (20 [21%] vs 8 [9%]; P = .02). There were 17 black patients (18%) in arm A and 12 (13%) in arm B (P = .39). There was no change in the mean scores in arm B from day –7 to day 0 (P = .36). Scores were lower in both arms at day 30 (P for both < .0001), with no difference by arm (P = .10). Scores on day 180 remained lower for arm A (–6.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], –12.6 to –1.0; P = .02). In arm B, this difference was not significant, and this suggested that the scores had returned to the baseline by day 180 (P = .73). After adjustments for potential confounders, black race was an independent predictor for inferior scores (–11.4; 95% CI, –16.84 to –5.94; P < .0001), complete response rates (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.91; P = .03), and overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.63‐8.47; P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

PRQOL scores predictably worsened during and improved after chemoradiation. Black patients had inferior PRQOL and overall survival. Cancer 2018;124:2841‐2849. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Analysis of histologic follow‐up and risk of malignancy for salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential proposed by the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Ljungren Clarissa , Lin Fan , Zarka Matthew A. , Chen Longwen
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology is a tiered classification scheme that includes 6 diagnostic categories. Neoplasm, which is 1 of the 6 proposed categories, consists of benign neoplasm and neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (NUMP). NUMP is reserved for a salivary gland neoplasm without clear distinction between benign and malignant. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) of NUMP.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 656 salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration specimens from 2010 to 2016. Cases that qualified as NUMP and had follow‐up surgical resections were reviewed and reclassified into basaloid neoplasm (BN) and salivary gland neoplasm with predominant oncocytic cell (SGNOC) groups. The ROM for each group was calculated. Fifty‐four salivary gland fine‐needle aspirations of NUMP that had surgical follow‐up were identified, which included 29 BNs and 25 SGNOCs.

RESULTS

Histologic follow‐up for the BN group identified 14 cellular pleomorphic adenomas, 5 basal cell adenomas, 2 benign cystadenomas, 3 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 epithelial and myoepithelial carcinomas, 1 basal cell adenocarcinoma, and 1 myoepithelial carcinoma. Histologic follow‐up for the SGNOC group revealed 7 nodular oncocytoses, 6 Warthin tumors, 5 oncocytomas, 1 sebaceous adenoma, 1 mucinous cystadenoma, 2 acinic cell carcinomas, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 1 mammary analog secretory carcinoma. The ROM was calculated at 24.1% for the NUMP category overall (27.6% for BNs and 20.0% for SGNOCs).

CONCLUSIONS

The ROM of the SGNOC group is similar to that of the BN group but lower than the ROM (35%) proposed by the Milan system. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Predicting responses to mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with acute respiratory illness using artificial neural networks
Authors: Brigham Katharine , Gupta Samir , Brigham John C.
Published: April 2018

Infants born prematurely are particularly susceptible to respiratory illness due to underdeveloped lungs, which can often result in fatality. Preterm infants in acute stages of respiratory illness typically require mechanical ventilation assistance, and the efficacy of the type of mechanical ventilation and its delivery has been the subject of a number clinical studies. With recent advances in machine learning approaches, particularly deep learning, it may be possible to estimate future responses to mechanical ventilation in real time, based on ventilation monitoring up to the point of analysis. In this work, recurrent neural networks are proposed for predicting future ventilation parameters due to the highly nonlinear behavior of the ventilation measures of interest and the ability of recurrent neural networks to model complex nonlinear functions. The resulting application of this particular class of neural networks shows promise in its ability to predict future responses for different ventilation modes. Towards improving care and treatment of preterm newborns, further development of this prediction process for ventilation could potentially aid in important clinical decisions or studies to improve preterm infant health.
Capturing Volatile Organic Compounds Employing Superalkali Species
Authors: Park Heejune , Meloni Giovanni
Published: April 2018

In this study, the interactions between the superalkali species Li3F2 and four volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, are assessed using the CBS‐QB3 composite model. Adiabatic ionization energy (AIE), adiabatic electron affinity (AEA), binding energy (BE), charge transfer (▵q), and highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gaps have been computed. Stronger interactions are observed between Li3F2 and the aldehydes than alcohols. The smaller aldehydes show a larger BE with Li3F2 than the bigger aldehydes. However, alcohol clusters do not show this trend due to their weak interactions (low BEs). Both alcohol clusters increase their binding energies as they become cations. This unexpected behavior is explained based on molecular orbital arguments.
Influence of the Medium on the Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of [Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)]2+
Authors: de Campos Isabele Ap. S. , dos Santos Edjane R. , Sellani Tarciso Almeida , Herbozo Carolina C. A. , Rodrigues Elaine G. , Roveda Antonio C. , Pazin Wallance M. , Ito Amando S. , Santana Vinicius T. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Carlos Rose M.
Published: April 2018

This study reports the influence of the medium on the aggregation processes of the complex [Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)]2+(phen=1,10‐phenanthroline; pPDIp=a bis‐phenanthroline‐substituted perylene diimide)and its consequences for the photochemical and photophysical properties of the system. Photolysis leads, initially, to emission of both chromophores: Triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3*MLCT; Ru, dπ→phen, π*) and singlet intraligand charge transfer (1*ILCT; pPDIp, π→ π*). However, the medium induces increased π–π intermolecular interactions that lead to the generation of a pPDIp.−moietyin DMSO, pPDIp.−(518 nm) and pPDIp.−and pPDIp2−(420 nm) in the cell culture medium RPMI, and3*pPDIp in buffer (pH 7.4) and starch films. The complex activates singlet oxygen in buffer solution without oxygen bubbling and under green light irradiation (dose=0.41J/cm2; [1O2]=0.03–0.47 μmol L−1for [Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)]2+=10–150 μmol L−1). No cytotoxic effects on B16F10‐Nex2 murine melanoma cell viability were observed up to a concentration of 10 μmol L−1of complex. However, under green LED illumination (dose=0.41 J/cm2) the complex exhibits a strong photocytotoxic effect, displaying IC50=1.2 μmol L−1.
Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Calcium Carbonate Solution Crystallization and Magnetic Memory Effect
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Luo Zhihong , Liang Yandong , Li Zhiwei , Wang Lejun
Published: April 2018

The absorbance values of specific configuration solutions under different magnetic treatment conditions are studied using the UV method based on the circulating dynamic simulation experiment platform for the anti‐scaling of electromagnetics. Additionally, the relationship between the absorbance value and solution concentration is determined. Moreover, the nucleation rate of CaCO3 is calculated using the absorbance value. The influence of the specific magnetic field on nucleating rate is analyzed. Subsequently, the magnetic memory effect and time of CO3−2 and water are studied. Results show that the magnetic treatment changes the nucleation rate of CaCO3 and the critical oversaturation of the solution by acting on CO3−2. This treatment also can promote the dissolution of CaCO3 in water by changing the properties of water. These two aspects all exert memory effects; however, their respective memory times are different. Moreover, the results show that the magnetic treatment can reduce the critical oversaturation of the CaCO3 solution and accelerate the nucleation rate. Furthermore, the memory time of the magnetic field acting on CO3−2 and the properties of water are 45 min and 78 h, respectively.
Coating Roughness Effects on the Defect Structure of mc‐Si and its Comparison to High‐Performance mc‐Si
Authors: Kießling Frank M. , Ervik Torunn K. , Søiland Anne‐Karin , Henriksen Bjørn Rune
Published: April 2018

In this work, four G1‐sized ingots are investigated in terms of process parameters, grain size, grain orientation and their development. Two mc‐Si ingots are grown under identical process conditions but with different Si3N4 crucible coating roughness. These two ingots show differences in grain size and grain orientation distribution, and especially near the nucleation layer, a higher number of grains is detected for the ingot grown with a rough crucible coating. Towards the top, the {111} grains are increasing in size for both ingots. The third ingot is grown with a seeding layer to induce a small and uniform grain size. For this high‐performance mc‐Si ingot, there is a dominance of grains with orientations close to {112}, which also results in the largest area fraction covered by this orientation. Solar cells are made from these ingots and evaluated. No differences in the maximum cell efficiency values could be found.
Improving CSR performance by hard and soft means: The role of organizational citizenship behaviours and the internalization of CSR standards
Authors: Testa Francesco , Boiral Olivier , Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki
Published: April 2018

This study analyzes ‘hard’ (i.e. formal structures) and ‘soft’ (i.e. values) determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, such as the effectiveness of management systems for CSR and the role of managers' organizational citizenship behaviours. Based on a sample of 130 Italian organizations that adopted management systems according to an international standard, this study shows that CSR performance depends on employees' commitment and the internalization of formalized CSR practices. The study also underlines the role of managers' organizational citizenship behaviours and the importance of leading by example in the substantial implementation of CSR practices. The integrative model proposed in the paper provides an overall picture of both the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ factors that can explain the effectiveness of CSR management standards. The paper also contributes to the literature on the internalization and key success factors of certifiable management standards. Managerial implications of the main findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Activating employee's pro‐environmental behaviors: The role of CSR, organizational identification, and environmentally specific servant leadership
Authors: Afsar Bilal , Cheema Sadia , Javed Farheen
Published: April 2018

Environmental sustainability at the organization level is largely shaped by and dependent on individual‐level pro‐environmental behavior. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been proposed as a useful tool for effective organizational, social and environmental functioning. Not surprisingly, various empirical studies have advocated its importance in generating positive outcomes at a macro level. This research seeks to investigate the effect of CSR on employees' pro‐environmental behaviors. Moreover, we incorporated the mediating effect of organizational identification and the moderating role of environmentally specific servant leadership. The study draws on a survey sample of 298 employees from diverse industry sectors. Key findings show that perceived CSR has both a direct and an indirect influence, through organizational identification, on pro‐environmental behavior. The results also lent support for the interactive effect of environmentally specific servant leadership with CSR in predicting employee pro‐environmental behaviors.
CEOs' regulatory focus, slack resources and firms' environmental innovation
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Long Siying
Published: April 2018

To synthesize the literature on upper echelons theory, regulatory focus theory and the resource‐based view, this study examined the relationship of CEOs' regulatory focus, slack resources and firms' environmental innovation. Through the investigation of 191 manufacturing firms in China, we found that a CEO's promotion focus had a positive influence both on the firm's environmental processes and on product innovation, while a CEO's prevention focus had a negative influence. In addition, slack resources moderated the influence of the CEO's promotion focus on a firm's environmental process innovation in a positive way, while also positively moderating the influence of a CEO's prevention focus on a firm's environmental product innovation. Our results indicated that firms could deploy resources based on the CEOs' regulatory focus to facilitate firms' environmental innovation.
Do socially responsible firms provide more readable disclosures in annual reports?
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , Belgacem Ines
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the relationship between the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and the syntactic complexity of the management's discussion and analysis (MD&A) section of the annual report. Based on stakeholder and agency perspectives, we offer an empirical test of two competing hypotheses. First, we may expect socially responsible firms to provide transparent disclosures because this reflects a firm's commitment to high ethical standards. In contrast, the agency perspective predicts that managers engage in CSR for self‐interest purposes and that CSR‐oriented firms will be more likely to attempt to mislead stakeholders about the firm's actual performance through complex narrative disclosures.

Based on a sample of large firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, our results show a positive association between corporate social performance and the MD&A's textual complexity. Consistent with the agency perspective, our findings suggest that managers may engage in CSR opportunistically and use complex narrative disclosures in an impression management strategy.
An intelligent and knowledge‐based overlapping clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Khanmohammadi Sohrab , Gharajeh Mohammad Samadi
Published: April 2018

Overlapping is one of the topics in wireless sensor networks that is considered by researchers in the last decades. An appropriate overlapping management system can prolong network lifetime and decrease network recovery time. This paper proposes an intelligent and knowledge‐based overlapping clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks, called IKOCP. This protocol uses some of the intelligent and knowledge‐based systems to construct a robust overlapping strategy for sensor networks. The overall network is partitioned to several regions by a proposed multicriteria decision‐making controller to monitor both small‐scale and large‐scale areas. Each region is managed by a sink, where the whole network is managed by a base station. The sensor nodes are categorized by various clusters using the low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH)‐improved protocol in a way that the value of p is defined by a proposed support vector machine–based mechanism. A proposed fuzzy system determines that noncluster heads associate with several clusters in order to manage overlapping conditions over the network. Cluster heads are changed into clusters in a period by a suggested utility function. Since network lifetime should be prolonged and network traffic should be alleviated, a data aggregation mechanism is proposed to transmit only crucial data packets from cluster heads to sinks. Cluster heads apply a weighted criteria matrix to perform an inner‐cluster routing for transmitting data packets to sinks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol surpasses the existing methods in terms of the number of alive nodes, network lifetime, average time to recover, dead time of first node, and dead time of last node.
Characterisation of aqueous waste produced during the clandestine production of amphetamine following the Leuckart route utilising solid‐phase extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Hauser Frank M. , Hulshof Janneke W. , Rößler Thorsten , Zimmermann Ralf , Pütz Michael
Published: April 2018

Chemical waste from the clandestine production of amphetamine is of forensic and environmental importance due to its illegal nature which often leads to dumping into the environment. In this study, 27 aqueous amphetamine waste samples from controlled Leuckart reactions performed in Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland were characterised to increase knowledge about the chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of such waste. Aqueous waste samples from different reaction steps were analysed to determine characteristic patterns which could be used for classification. Conductivity, pH, density, ionic load, and organic compounds were determined using different analytical methods. Conductivity values ranged from 1 to over 200 mS/cm, pH values from 0 to 14, and densities from 1.0 to 1.3 g/cm3. A capillary electrophoresis method with contactless conductivity detection (CE–C4D) was developed and validated to quantify chloride, sulphate, formate, ammonium, and sodium ions which were the most abundant ions in the investigated waste samples. A solid‐phase extraction sample preparation was used prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis to determine the organic compounds. Using the characterisation data of the known samples, it was possible to assign 16 seized clandestine waste samples from an amphetamine production to the corresponding synthesis step. The data also allowed us to draw conclusions about the synthesis procedure and used chemicals. The presented data and methods could support forensic investigations by showing the probative value of synthesis waste when investigating the illegal production of amphetamine. It can also act as starting point to develop new approaches to tackle the problem of clandestine waste dumping.