bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Failing Ventricle: Getting It Right
Authors: Mandras Stacy A. , Oleck Sylvia , Ventura Hector O.
Published: November 2015

Right ventricular failure (RVF) remains the primary cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We review the pathophysiology of RVF, including the remodeling and ventriculoarterial uncoupling that occurs when the failing right side of the heart is unable to compensate for a rising afterload. Secondly, the noninvasive imaging techniques used in the assessment of RVF are explored, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Third, we describe how these imaging techniques and a patient’s clinical characteristics may be used to determine prognosis. Lastly, we explore the medical and surgical/interventional treatment options for RVF. Despite these treatment options, morbidity and mortality remain high in this patient population. The discovery of new prognostic indicators, use of hybrid imaging for early detection of RVF, and strategies to prevent the development of RVF will be important if outcomes in this patient population are to improve.
Glutamate Receptors within the Mesolimbic Dopamine System Mediate Alcohol Relapse Behavior
Authors: Eisenhardt Manuela , Leixner Sarah , Luján Rafael , Spanagel Rainer , Bilbao Ainhoa
Published: November 2015

Glutamatergic input within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays a critical role in the development of addictive behavior. Although this is well established for some drugs of abuse, it is not known whether glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system are involved in mediating the addictive properties of chronic alcohol use. Here we evaluated the contribution of mesolimbic NMDARs and AMPARs in mediating alcohol-seeking responses induced by environmental stimuli and relapse behavior using four inducible mutant mouse lines lacking the glutamate receptor genesGrin1orGria1in either DA transporter (DAT) or D1R-expressing neurons. We first demonstrate the lack of GluN1 or GluA1 in either DAT- or D1R-expressing neurons in our mutant mouse lines by colocalization studies. We then show that GluN1 and GluA1 receptor subunits within these neuronal subpopulations mediate the alcohol deprivation effect, while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior. We further validated these results pharmacologically by demonstrating similar reductions in the alcohol deprivation effect after infusion of the NMDAR antagonist memantine into the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area of control mice, and a rescue of the mutant phenotype via pharmacological potentiation of AMPAR activity using aniracetam. In conclusion, dopamine neurons as well as D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons and their glutamatergic inputs via NMDARs and AMPARs act in concert to influence relapse responses. These results provide a neuroanatomical and molecular substrate for relapse behavior and emphasize the importance of glutamatergic drugs in modulating relapse behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system play an essential role in alcohol relapse. Using various inducible and site-specific transgenic mouse models and pharmacological validation experiments, we show that critical subunits of NMDARs and AMPARs expressed either in dopamine neurons or in dopamine receptor D1-containing neurons play an important role in the alcohol deprivation effect (the increase in alcohol intake after a period of abstinence) while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking responses. Medications targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission by selective inactivation of these glutamate receptors might have therapeutic efficacy.
Comparison of universal screening with targeted high-risk case finding for diagnosis of thyroid disorders
Authors: Nazarpour Sima , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Simbar Masoumeh , Tohidi Maryam , AlaviMajd Hamid , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: November 2015

Objective

Debate about the need for universal screening of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is ongoing. The present study aimed to compare universal screening with targeted high-risk case findings for early diagnosis of thyroid disorders in Iranian pregnant women.

Study design

This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out on 1600 pregnant women in their first trimester. A checklist, including all related risk factors recommended by The American Thyroid Association, was completed for all participants. Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), T-uptake, TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured and thyroid status was documented, based on hormonal measurements and clinical examinations.

Results

There were 656 women (44.3%) that had at least one risk factor for thyroid diseases and were eligible for the targeted high-risk case finding (high-risk group) approach, while 55.7% had no risk factors (low-risk group). Using the universal screening approach, there were 974 women (65.8%) with normal thyroid status and 506 participants (34.2%) with thyroid disturbances, including overt hyperthyroidism (0.7%), overt hypothyroidism (1.1%), subclinical hypothyroidism (30.1%; positive TPOAb (5.5%) and negative TPOAb (24.6%); and euthyroid and positive TPOAb (2.3%). Of women with thyroid dysfunction, 64.4% were in the high-risk group and 35.6% were in the low-risk group (P<0.0001).

Conclusions

The targeted high-risk case finding approach overlooks about one-third of pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction. If ongoing prospective trials provide evidence on the efficacy of treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy, in populations with a low prevalence of presumed risk factors, the targeted high-risk case finding approach will be proven inefficient.
Evidence for a heritable contribution to neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine
Authors: Neklason Deborah W , VanDerslice James , Curtin Karen , Cannon-Albright Lisa A
Published: November 2015

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are rare tumors arising from the enterochromaffin cells of the gut. Having a first-degree relative with a SI-NET has been shown to confer a substantial risk arising from shared environment and genetics. Heritable risk was examined using a computerized genealogy linked to historical statewide cancer data. A population-based analysis of the observed familial clustering of SI-NETs was performed to assess the genetic risk in distant relatives. A test for significant excess relatedness of 384 individuals with genealogy data and histologically confirmed SI-NETs was performed by comparing pairwise relatedness of cases to 1000 sets of matched controls. Overall significant excess pairwise relatedness was found for the 384 cases (P<0.001) and was still observed when closer than first cousin relationships were ignored (P=0.041). Relative risks (RRs) for SI-NETs were estimated as a ratio of observed to expected number of SI-NET cases among each relationship class. Siblings have a 13.4-fold (P<0.0001) and parents have a 6.5-fold (P=0.143) RR, suggesting both genetic and environmental influences. The risk extends out to third-degree relatives with a 2.3-fold RR (P=0.008). Metachronous cancers were also reported in 26% of the SI-NET cases demonstrating an increased RR of colon, bladder, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, and prostate cancers. Although SI-NETs are rare, relatives of these cases are at a significantly elevated risk of developing a SI-NET due to heritable genetic factors. Definition of the genetic risk factors will be an important tool for earlier diagnosis and better outcomes for SI-NETs.
Trayectoria tecnológica de los mercados eléctricos en Centroamérica
Authors: Vargas-Alfaro Leiner
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo expone una caracterización de las formas institucionales del mercado eléctrico de Centroamérica para tres modelos de país: Guatemala, El Salvador y Costa Rica. Para ello se realiza un análisis de los esquemas regulatorios del sector eléctrico existentes en la región a fin de explicar la incidencia que la trayectoria tecnológica tiene sobre estos modelos. Lo anterior reviste importancia, no solo por el patrón de dependencia y concentración tecnológica de los países respecto a fuentes de energía (electricidad y combustibles) basadas en combustibles fósiles, sino también por el efecto y la vulnerabilidad que en materia de cambio climático tiene la alta concentración y la dependencia -stickness- de tecnologías de generación eléctrica y de transporte basadas en dichos combustibles. Queda de manifiesto un viraje hacia fuentes de electricidad basadas en combustibles fósiles en aquellos países que apostaron por reformas de mercado con incentivos de corto plazo.
Aves, province of Guizhou, China
Authors: Boyd Roger L. , Nyári Árpád S. , Benz Brett W. , Chen Guojun
Published: November 2015

We report our inventories of birds observed and collected at three field sites from the province of Guizhou, southeastern China. Our findings detailed herein complement our previous ornithological surveys from Guangxi province, as part of a comprehensive biotic survey of the region. Of 153 total bird species recorded, 17 were new for the province, among which several taxa of conservational importance, such as: Golden Pheasant Crysolophus pictus, Tawny Fish-Owl Ketupa flavipes, Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis, Fujian Flycatcher Niltava davidii, Red-tailed Laughingthrush Garrulax milnei, and Slaty Bunting Latoucheornis siemsseni. These records provide the most recent insight into the current status of the habitats and the avian biodiversity of an important, yet sparsely surveyed and reported biogeographic region.
Fish, upper Purus River, state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Dos Anjos Helio Daniel Beltrão , Zuanon Jansen , Braga Tony Marcos Porto , Sousa Keid Nolan Silva
Published: November 2015

The ichthyofauna of the headwaters of the main tributaries of the mighty Solimões/Amazonas River  has been little studied. Considering the importance of those environments for the overall fish  diversity in that river system, we surveyed the composition of the fish fauna of the upper portion  of Purus River and two of its tributaries (Caeté and Macapá rivers), state of Acre, Brazil. The collections were done in November 2004, using a seine net and a set of gillnets of different mesh  sizes. A total of 735 specimens belonging to 86 species and 28 families were collected. Eight  species, Creagrutus occidaneus, Phenacogaster pectinatus, Prionobrama filigera, Moenkhausia cf.  lepidura, Leptagoniates pi (Characidade), Henonemus punctatus (Trichomycteridae), Toracocharax  stellatus (Gateropelecidae), and Eigenmannia macrops (Sternopygidae) composed nearly half of the  specimens collected. This survey adds 48 new records to the ichthyofauna of Purus River and  elevates to 243 the number of known fish species in that river, but a greater sampling effort is necessary to produce a reasonably complete picture of the fish diversity in the basin.
Fish, lower Ivinhema River basin streams, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Súarez Yzel Rondon
Published: November 2015

The Ivinhema River basin is one of the main tributaries of the western portion of Paraná River. However,few data are available on the fish communities of its streams. Monthly samples were made in seven streams of the lower portion of the basin, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, using a rectangular sieve 1.2 x 0.8 m, with 2 mm mesh size. Forty-six fish species were found in these streams. The richness estimated according to the bootstrap procedure was 50 species. At least two of the captured species were not previously recorded for the upper Paraná basin, indicating the need of new sampling effort in this region.
Pisces, Melamphaidae, Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883 and Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962: distribution extension to the western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Campos Paula N. , Bonecker Ana Cristina T. , Castro Márcia S. de
Published: November 2015

None
Fish, Barra Bonita River, upper Paraná River basin, state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Maier Álvaro , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Graça Weferson Júnio da , Bifi Alessandro Gasparetto
Published: November 2015

The Barra Bonita River is an affluent of the left margin of the Ivaí River, upper Paraná River basin. Fish samples were conduced in November 2006 (spring) and in February 2007 (summer), in three sampling stations along the Barra Bonita River, using gill nets, casting nets, and sieves. Thirty one fish species were collected, which belong to five orders, 14 families, and 25 genera. Among them, five are probably new to science.
A Kaddish for Robert
Authors: Krenitski Scott S
Published: November 2015

Since reading Kaddish for the first time, Ginsberg’s masterpiece has become an obsession for me. Allen wrote the piece three years after his mother’s death, and in one week it will be the three-year anniversary of my father’s death. While the relationship I had with my father and the mental state of my father is far different than Ginsberg’s descriptions of his mother and their relationship, I identify with his need to express his deep sorrow, anger, and confusion through his unorthodox prayer. This work is a Kaddish for my father the closely follows the form of Ginsberg's Kaddish that so deeply influenced my own emotional healing and grieving process.
Food consumption as an indicator of the conservation of natural resources in riverine communities of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: ISAAC VICTORIA J. , ALMEIDA MORGANA C. , GIARRIZZO TOMMASO , DEUS CLAUDIA P. , VALE ROZEILZA , KLEIN GILMAR , BEGOSSI ALPINA
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The present study analyzed and compared the daily consumption of foods of animal origin in eleven communities of the Lower Amazon, Trombetas and Purus Rivers, representing three different management systems and levels of conservation in the Brazilian Amazon. All food items of animal origin were weighed by at least 10% of the families in the study communities during a week in each period of the flood cycle between 2006 and 2008. Fish was the most important food, and was consumed during six days of the week, with an average rate of 169 kg.person-1.year-1. Game was second in importance, with 37 kg.person-1.year-1. This yearly rate of fish consumption is one of the highest in the world and is almost double the minimum recommended by the World Health Organization. The dietary patterns reflect both the isolation of the communities from large urban centers and the better preservation of the local environments due to the existence of protected areas. Environmental degradation may thus have effects on the health and food security of local populations. The study emphasizes the need for the implementation of public policies and participative management initiatives.
Feeding and reproductive patterns of Astyanax intermedius in a headwater stream of Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: SOUZA URSULLA P. , FERREIRA FABIO C. , CARMO MICHELE A.F. , BRAGA FRANCISCO M.S.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT In this paper, we determined diet composition, reproductive periodicity and fecundity of Astyanax intermedius in a headwater stream of a State Park of an Atlantic rainforest. We also evaluated the influence of rainfall, water temperature and fish size on niche width and niche overlap. Sampling was conducted monthly throughout one year in the Ribeirão Grande stream, southeastern Brazil. Diet consisted of 31 food items with equal contribution of allochthonous and autochthonous items. Females were larger than males, and the mean sizes at first maturation were 4.44 cm and 3.92 cm, respectively. Based on 212 pairs of mature ovaries, the number of oocytes per female ranged from 538 to 6,727 (mean = 2,688.7). Niche width and niche overlap were not related to rainfall nor water temperature and only niche width increased with fish size, suggesting that as fish grow, more items are included in diet. Our results suggested that A. intermedius fit as a typical opportunistic strategist which may explain the prevalence of this species in several isolated headwater basins of vegetated Atlantic forested streams where food resources are abundant and distributed throughout the year.
TORNAR PRESENTE O AUSENTE: ESCRITA CRIATIVA E REFLEXÃO SOBRE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Rüsche Ana , Mascaro Laura D. M.
Published: November 2015

Resumo O artigo relata a experiência das oficinas "A Narrativa revela o sentido sem cometer o erro de defini-lo" sobre direitos humanos e criação literária ministradas pelas autoras - atividades guiadas pelo pensamento filosófico de Hannah Arendt. A metodologia aplicada teve como inspiração o curso de Arendt "Experiências políticas no século XX" (ministrado em 1965), relatado por Celso Lafer no artigo "Experiência, ação e narrativa: reflexões sobre um curso de Hannah Arendt". A criação literária mostrou-se uma poderosa ferramenta de reflexão sobre questões que envolvem direitos humanos, principalmente em momentos de crise.
CÃES SEM PLUMAS: OS DESPOSSUÍDOS NA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Anjos Moacir dos
Published: November 2015

Resumo Tomando um verso do poeta João Cabral de Melo Neto como metáfora para a situação de despossessão em que vivem parcelas da população brasileira, este artigo aponta duas maneiras em que tais grupos sociais são representados pela produção contemporânea em artes visuais no Brasil. A primeira é a representação partida , que os ignora e assim os exclui do universo sensível partilhado socialmente. A segunda é a representação das sobras, que se ocupa em criar equivalências sensíveis da realidade brasileira que tornam visíveis os nexos entres gentes, espaços e fatos que promovem a despossessão radical de vidas.
Direitos humanos nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Nordeste do Brasil: um estudo avaliativo, tendo como referência o QualityRights - WHO
Authors: Pitta Ana Maria Fernandes , Coutinho Domingos Macedo , Rocha Clarissa Carvalho Moura
Published: November 2015

O artigo pretende avaliar as práticas dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial no respeito aos direitos humanos dos usuários, analisando suas percepções referentes às crenças, valores, hábitos, preconceitos sofridos, reivindicações atendidas ou não e à participação comunitária, como exercícios de cidadania. Através da análise de dados etno-epidemiológicos do Projeto Avaliar-Caps Nordeste (Ministério da Saúde/2013), utilizando questionários e observação direta, à luz do QualityRights, verificou-se que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial influenciam positivamente na vida dos usuários, ao estimular-lhes a autonomia, a corresponsabilização no cuidado e o protagonismo sociocultural e político nos serviços e nas suas comunidades.
O primeiro contato com as drogas: análise do prontuário de mulheres atendidas em um serviço especializado
Authors: Vargas Divane de , Soares Janaina , Leon Erika , Pereira Caroline Figueira , Ponce Talita Dutra
Published: November 2015

O estudo objetivou caracterizar e compreender o contexto em que se dá o primeiro contato de mulheres com problemas relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas que procuraram atendimento em um serviço especializado em álcool e outras drogas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo de abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Utilizaram-se informações contidas em 412 prontuários de mulheres atendidas num serviço especializado em álcool e outras drogas. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória dos dados quantitativos, e os dados qualitativos foram agrupados e analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo, originando cinco temáticas. Resultados: A idade média de primeiro contato com as drogas foi 16 anos e as substâncias mais usadas foram álcool, tabaco e maconha. Concluiu-se que, na adolescência, as mulheres ficam mais vulneráveis ao primeiro contato com substâncias psicoativas e que o contexto social e familiar exerce influência na iniciação do uso de drogas.
Análise bioética da esterilização em pessoas com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Rueda-Martínez Gabriela , Façanha Telma Rejane dos Santos , Silva Lízia Fabíola Almeida , Garrafa Volnei
Published: November 2015

O estudo analisa a opinião de juízes, médicos, psicólogos, membros de Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, familiares de deficientes intelectuais e público em geral, sobre a esterilização de deficientes intelectuais, que consta na Lei n° 9.263, de 23 de janeiro de 1996. Os dados foram analisados sob a Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos, da Unesco, considerando o princípio da autonomia e seus artigos 7 e 8. Conclui-se, com este estudo, que a lei requer ajustes e deve considerar princípios da bioética relacionados com os direitos humanos e a deficiência intelectual, que fundamentam a normativa desde esta perspectiva, constituindo fonte valiosa e mais segura para futuras tomadas de decisões.
Paradigma da afrocentricidade e uma nova concepção de humanidade em saúde coletiva: reflexões sobre a relação entre saúde mental e racismo
Authors: Alves Míriam Cristiane , Jesus Jayro Pereira de , Scholz Danielle
Published: November 2015

Este ensaio tem por objetivo fornecer elementos para o estudo da relação entre saúde mental e racismo com vistas a inaugurar uma nova concepção de humanidade em saúde coletiva baseada no paradigma da afrocentricidade. As reflexões partem da problematização da existência de dois paradigmas civilizatórios que constituem a sociedade brasileira e que produzem subjetividades: o paradigma ocidental e o negro-africano. No campo da saúde coletiva, o desafio que se apresenta é o de inaugurar um novo processo de escuta e reconhecimento dos diferentes valores e práticas civilizatórias, rompendo com o olhar preconceituoso e racista que ainda hoje é lançado às pessoas de ascendência africana.
Planejamento reprodutivo na clínica da família de um Teias: condições facilitadoras e limites à assistência
Authors: Luiz Marcia dos Santos , Nakano Andreza Rodrigues , Bonan Claudia
Published: November 2015

Apresenta-se um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa que analisou a assistência ao planejamento reprodutivo de uma clínica da família inserida em um Território Integrado de Atenção à Saúde e que utilizou como referência teórico-analítica a continuidade, a coordenação e integração de cuidados em saúde reprodutiva e o potencial da assistência na promoção de direitos. A conjugação da Estratégia Saúde da Família com o Território Integrado de Atenção à Saúde apresentou avanços na assistência ao planejamento reprodutivo no que tange à organização de aspectos de infraestrutura e provisão de insumos, entretanto os avanços alcançados não foram suficientes para promover uma assistência que garanta direitos.
A (des)estabilização das redes sociais e o impacto na saúde do professor universitário: o caso português
Authors: Sampaio Patricia Passos , Caldas José Manuel Peixoto , Catrib Ana Maria Fontenelle
Published: November 2015

Resumo Este estudo se propõe analisar o impacto das redes sociais na saúde do professor do ensino superior em Portugal. A adesão ao Processo de Bolonha exigiu uma reestruturação do ensino superior e uma ressignificação do papel docente. A prática de avaliação individual e a estruturação da carreira em pirâmide estimularam a competitividade entre os professores, minando a cooperação e a dinâmica do reconhecimento e fragilizando as redes entre pares. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturas, identificamos as percepções e as visões dos docentes como atores diretamente envolvidos em redes educacionais. A análise das falas aponta que eles têm buscado apoio e segurança emocionais na família, nos amigos fora do trabalho e em pares de outros departamentos, em experiências exitosas de cooperação em rede – fato que tem viabilizado a construção e a manutenção de laços sociais geradores de saúde, interação, solidariedade, bem-estar e qualidade de vida, além de redes sociais com caráter preventivo e de promoção de saúde.
Relatos de gestores da Assistência Social, Educação e Segurança Pública sobre o enfrentamento da violência
Authors: Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza , Oliveira Antonia Karoline Araújo , Moreira Deborah Pedrosa , Pereira Aline de Souza , Catrib Ana Maria Fontenelle , Lira Samira Valentim Gama
Published: November 2015

Resumo O estudo analisa a percepção dos gestores municipais no enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes. Com abordagem qualitativa e indagações sobre políticas e ações concretizadas na prevenção e no enfrentamento do fenômeno, participaram 25 gestores da Educação, Assistência Social e Segurança Pública de 13 municípios da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, no Ceará, em 2010/2011. A análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática possibilitou a interpretação dos dados. O abuso sexual, a negligência e o trabalho infantil se destacaram, refletidos pela violência estrutural, desigualdade socioeconômica, vulnerabilidade familiar e drogadição. A escassez de recursos públicos, a desintegração setorial, a morosidade da justiça, a incipiência de políticas públicas e o despreparo dos gestores foram alguns percalços mencionados pelos participantes. O caráter plural do fenômeno demanda integração dos segmentos governamentais diante das iniquidades agregadas à gênese e à amplitude das violências.
Sistema de referência e de contrarreferência na rede de atenção aos usuários de drogas: contribuições da análise de redes sociais
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Martins Leonardo Fernandes , Medeiros Amata Xavier , Salgado Juliana Andrade , Silva Wanderson Maurício Duarte , Ronzani Telmo Mota , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile
Published: November 2015

Resumo O presente artigo analisou o sistema de referência e de contrarreferência de uma rede de atenção aos usuários de drogas a partir da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal realizada no município de Juiz de Fora, em Minas Gerais, com profissionais dos serviços de tratamento aos usuários de drogas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário sobre as relações de referenciamento e de contrarreferenciamento de usuários entre os serviços da rede. Para a análise dos dados a partir da ARS, utilizou-se o software Gephi, extraindo as seguintes métricas: centralidade de grau e centralidade de intermediação. Os resultados indicaram uma maior prevalência de referenciamento em detrimento da contrarreferência, com uma centralização nos serviços especializados, de média e alta complexidade, e nos de urgência/emergência. Espera-se demonstrar as potencialidades da ARS na compreensão de redes organizacionais e influenciar a realização de novas pesquisas que visem compreender as diferentes realidades assistenciais aos usuários de drogas no contexto nacional e internacional.
IMAGINACIÓN DE INFANCIA EN MEMORIAS DE ALTAGRACIA
Authors: Marinone Mónica
Published: November 2015

Resumen Este artículo considera Memorias de Altagracia (1974) del venezolano Salvador Garmendia con el propósito de revisar aspectos de su escritura, en especial su modo de procesar el pasado y su configuración excéntrica de una experiencia traducida desde una perspectiva celebratoria de la infancia y el juego. El artículo también considera la importancia de dichas opciones y ciertas operaciones que permiten a Garmendia construir su particular autobiografía memorialista.
REDAÇÕES ESCOLARES E DIÁRIOS: ESCRITAS DO ESCÂNDALO
Authors: Ji Renan
Published: November 2015

Resumo Este ensaio é produto de um mergulho crítico nas obras Elogio da madrasta, de Mario Vargas Llosa, e O caderno rosa de Lori Lamby, de Hilda Hilst, analisando o tratamento dado por essas obras à questão da sexualidade infantil. Darei destaque para a figura da criança sedutora como personagem ficcional que, através da escrita, possibilita uma reflexão sobre a literatura, a infância e a sexualidade.
Landscape structure in the Pirapó, Paranapanema 3 and 4 Hydrographic Unit, in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Nóbrega M. T. , Serra E. , Silveira H. , Terassi P. M. B. , Bonifácio C. M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study is to characterize the Pirapó, Paranapanema 3 and 4 Hydrographic Unit, emphasizing its physical attributes and processes of use and occupation, responsible for the structure of the current landscape and the state of its water resources. The recognition of the landscape’s spatial structure in the hydrographic unit and its drainage basins was obtained by integrated analysis of the main elements that compose it: geology, landforms (hypsometric and slope), soils, climate and land use. Analysis revealed that within each drainage basin several variations in the spatial structure of the landscape occur which produce an internal compartmentalization. Each compartment is defined by its own geo-ecological structure, physiognomic standards and dynamics, reflected in its potentialities and vulnerabilities and in the conditions of water resources in the wake of occupation and use over time.
Myxomycetes from mangroves: species occurring in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Agra L. A. N. N. , Bezerra A. C. C. , Cavalcanti L. H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Mangrove swamps and forests cover over 137,000 km2 distributed latitudinally among subtropical zones, 7% of which are in Brazil, with a greater density in the country’s northernmost region. Considering that the community of Myxomycetes recorded for this environment is hardly known, three areas located in the state of Maranhão were investigated. Two field trips were conducted, one at the beginning of the rainy season and another during the dry season. In each area, two plots (125 m2) equidistant 100 m apart from each other were surveyed. In these areas, standing dead tree trunks and dead branches still attached to the mother plant that were above the tideline, were examined. On these same occasions, samples of the aerial litter and from the cortex of living trees (Rhizophora) were collected for the preparation of moist chambers cultures. Twenty-one specimens were obtained from field and moist chambers, belonging to 11 species, distributed in nine genera and five families. Seven species are new records from Maranhão. There was a predominance of r-strategist (73%) over K-strategist (27%) species. Cribraria violacea, Comatricha tenerrima, Echinostelium minutum, and Fuligo septica are new worldwide records from mangrove environments, and Oligonema flavidum is reported for the first time from Brazil.
Habitat or matrix: which is more relevant to predict road-kill of vertebrates?
Authors: Bueno C. , Sousa C. O. M. , Freitas S. R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract We believe that in tropics we need a community approach to evaluate road impacts on wildlife, and thus, suggest mitigation measures for groups of species instead a focal-species approach. Understanding which landscape characteristics indicate road-kill events may also provide models that can be applied in other regions. We intend to evaluate if habitat or matrix is more relevant to predict road-kill events for a group of species. Our hypothesis is: more permeable matrix is the most relevant factor to explain road-kill events. To test this hypothesis, we chose vertebrates as the studied assemblage and a highway crossing in an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil as the study site. Logistic regression models were designed using presence/absence of road-kill events as dependent variables and landscape characteristics as independent variables, which were selected by Akaike’s Information Criterion. We considered a set of candidate models containing four types of simple regression models: Habitat effect model; Matrix types effect models; Highway effect model; and, Reference models (intercept and buffer distance). Almost three hundred road-kills and 70 species were recorded. River proximity and herbaceous vegetation cover, both matrix effect models, were associated to most road-killed vertebrate groups. Matrix was more relevant than habitat to predict road-kill of vertebrates. The association between river proximity and road-kill indicates that rivers may be a preferential route for most species. We discuss multi-species mitigation measures and implications to movement ecology and conservation strategies.
First record of larvae of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) with zoonotic potential in the pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Osteichthyes: Arapaimidae) from South America
Authors: Andrade-Porto S. M. , Cárdenas M. Q. , Martins M. L. , Oliveira J. K. Q. , Pereira J. N. , Araújo C. S. O. , Malta J. C. O.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Third-stage larvae (L3) of Hysterothylacium sp. were collected by the first time in juveniles of pirarucu Arapaima gigas farmed in the Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas state. Ninety-eight (98) out of 100 examined fish showed to be parasitized. Five hundred and ninety larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. were collected from the intestines, stomach and pyloric caeca. The mean intensity of parasite indexes was 6.02 (±5.75) ranging from 1 to 40 larvae per host and the mean abundance was 5.9 (±5.76). The A. gigas is the new host record for larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. in Brazil, and this is the first record of larvae of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) with zoonotic potential in the pirarucu from South America.
Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by Apis mellifera linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), in a mixed environment of Eucalyptus plantation and native cerrado in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Simeão C. M. G. , Silveira F. A. , Sampaio I. B. M. , Bastos E. M. A. F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Eucalyptus plantations are frequently used for the establishment of bee yards. This study was carried on at Fazenda Brejão, northwestern region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This farm is covered both with native Cerrado vegetation (Brazilian savanna) and eucalyptus plantations. This paper reports on the botanic origin of pollen pellets and honey collected from honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives along a thirteen-month period (January 2004 to January 2005). The most frequent pollen types found in the pollen pellets during the rainy season were Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae), an unidentified Poaceae, unidentified Asteraceae-2, Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae) and Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae); during the dry season the most frequent pollen types were Acosmium dasycarpum (Fabaceae), Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae) and Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). Pollen grains of Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae), Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae), Mimosa nuda (Fabaceae), Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) and Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) were present in the honey samples throughout the study period.
Experiência Pedagógica em Patologia na Faculdade de Medicina da UFC
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Cristina Sensato , Silva Júnior José Udevanier Rebouças da , Matos Loraine Correia Vieira , Pompeu Margarida Maria de Lima , Dornelas Conceição Aparecida
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Objetivo Relatar a experiência da aplicação de material didático composto por catálogo com imagens macroscópicas e microscópicas, disponível em meio impresso e digital, acompanhado de coleções de lâminas, instrumento criado por alunos do mestrado e iniciação científica, focando a autonomia do aprendizado em Patologia Humana para os alunos da graduação. Métodos Foi elaborado um questionário para ser aplicado aos alunos, para avaliação de resultados alcançados pelo modelo criado, que será oferecido aos estudantes de diversos cursos que possuem a disciplina de Patologia Humana, oferecida na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O catálogo relata a história e evolução da doença de uma paciente com tuberculose sistêmica, suas manifestações clínicas, exames físicos e laboratoriais, além de achados de necropsia, com diferentes aspectos da resposta inflamatória. Resultados Os alunos que viveram esta experiência se manifestaram a favor da implantação da nova ferramenta como material didático da disciplina e sua manutenção nos laboratórios. Conclusão A inovação nas aulas é necessária, e este modelo surge como um material complementar para a melhoria e motivação das aulas práticas no tema proposto.
O Core Curriculum da Unesco como Base para Formação em Bioética
Authors: Maluf Fabiano , Garrafa Volnei
Published: November 2015

RESUMO A revolução biotecnológica das últimas décadas teve como resultado o desenvolvimento de um poder quase sem limites sobre a vida humana. Tal contexto exige do profissional uma visão globalizada dos problemas éticos e sociais da era contemporânea, alicerçada em sólidas bases filosóficas e legais. Este contexto torna necessária a promoção de novas competências e habilidades relacionadas à vida profissional. Neste sentido, o ensino da Bioética desponta como uma possibilidade de inovação curricular alternativa ao tradicional modelo prescritivo e normativo. Este artigo relata a experiência da Cátedra Unesco de Bioética da Universidade de Brasília com a utilização do Core Curriculum proposto pela Unesco como instrumento didático-pedagógico adequado ao ensino da Bioética. Entre os dilemas pedagógicos enfrentados pela Bioética como disciplina encontram-se: a construção de seus conteúdos, sua estruturação, as concepções teóricas a serem seguidas e seus objetivos. A contextualização e o aperfeiçoamento da estratégia proposta pelo Core Curriculum podem significar importantes instrumentos facilitadores para docentes que buscam organizar práticas didático-pedagógicas inovadoras em Bioética com o intuito de proporcionar resultados efetivos na formação de seus estudantes.
A Pedagogia de Paulo Freire e o Processo Ensino-Aprendizagem na Educação Médica
Authors: Chiarella Tatiana , Bivanco-Lima Danielle , Moura Juliana de Carvalho , Marques Maria Cristina da Costa , Marsiglia Regina Maria Giffoni
Published: November 2015

RESUMO A educação médica brasileira apresenta desafios com o intuito de contribuir com a formação de recursos humanos para o Sistema Único de Saúde, em consonância com as principais políticas de saúde do País. A pedagogia de Paulo Freire apresenta uma visão crítica do processo ensino-aprendizagem enquanto processo de emancipação política e de ação transformadora da realidade. Tais valores são desejados na formação profissional dos médicos. O presente estudo visa avaliar a concepção de docentes de Faculdade de Medicina paulistana sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem segundo os princípios da pedagogia problematizadora de Paulo Freire.
FLUIDEZ TERRITORIAL E LOGÍSTICA: O PROGRAMA DE ACELERAÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO (PAC) NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Macedo Maxsuel Moura
Published: November 2015

RESUMO O Estado é responsável por criar condições normativas e infraestruturais em um determinado território. Contudo, essas ações, em alguns casos, se mostram seletivas e restritas, como no caso das concernentes ao setor de transporte e logística. As ações do Estado brasileiro destinadas à fluidez territorial na atualidade são consubstanciadas, especialmente, pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC). Dentro desse contexto de transformações territoriais advindas com esse programa, situamos nosso trabalho, que objetiva compreender como as ações do Estado concretizadas e planejadas no âmbito do PAC estão configurando ou podem configurar a logística territorial brasileira, particularmente, a do estado do Rio Grande do Norte.
ESTIMATIVA DO BALANÇO DE RADIAÇÃO POR SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO DE DIFERENTES USOS DE SOLO NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Silva Luiz Carlos , Cunha José Maurício , Machado Nadja Gomes , Campos Milton César Costa , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Mudanças no uso do solo têm motivado pesquisas sobre a dinâmica de trocas radiativas e energéticas na Amazônia Brasileira que, por sua vez, geram demanda destas informações de superfície em escalas espaciais e temporais. Enquanto a medição destas trocas em torres micrometeorológicas fornece resultados pontuais, o sensoriamento remoto apresenta resultados acurados e de baixo custo para estimá-las em escala regional. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal de estimativas de saldo de radiação e parâmetros biofísicos por sensoriamento remoto de diferentes usos do solo no sudoeste da Amazônia Brasileira. Foram selecionadas 04 áreas de solo coberto por floresta amazônica natural, floresta amazônica manejada, sistema silvipastoril e pastagem. O saldo de radiação, NDVI, índice de área foliar, albedo e temperatura radiométrica foram estimados pelo algoritmo SEBAL, usando imagens do sensor TM do satélite Landsat 5 em julho de 2009, 2010 e 2011. O NDVI, IAF, albedo e saldo de radiação apresentaram maiores valores na floresta natural, seguida por floresta manejada, sistema silvipastoril e pastagem. A temperatura radiométrica da superfície apresentou maiores valores para o sistema silvipastoril seguido por pastagem, floresta natural e floresta manejada.
Chemical review and studies related to species from the genus Tynanthus (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Cansian Fernanda Colombi , Merino Francis José Zortéa , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari , Zanin Sandra Maria Warumby , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi
Published: November 2015

Species from the Bignoniaceae Family, including the genus Tynanthus, are very prevalent in the tropical Americas, with specimens found in a large part of the Brazilian territory. These plants are commonly used in traditional medicine for several purposes, and some studies have described their chemical structure, in addition to other reports related to some species from this genus. This review aimed to gather information from published works concerning species of the genus Tynanthus, as well as to detect flaws in research related to these plants, which may have great biological and pharmaceutical importance. Also, this review points out some common chemical characteristics of these species, providing information that may help new researchers to improve their knowledge about these plants.
Stability indicating method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and celecoxib in bulk and niosomal formulation by RP-HPLC
Authors: Jadhav Priyanka S. , Jamkar Priti M. , Avachat Amelia M.
Published: November 2015

The present work describes development and validation of a specific, sensitive, precise and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method of analysis of atorvastatin calcium and celecoxib, both as a bulk drug and in niosomal formulation. The analysis has been performed by using Cosmosil-C18 column (4.6 mm´250 mm, 5 m) at 25 °C using acetonitrile: ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.0: methanol (50:25:25 v/v/v) as mobile phase. The detection was carried out at 277nm with a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The retention times of Atorvastatin calcium and Celecoxib were 6.195 and 3.989min, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines, for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness. Atorvastatin calcium and Celecoxib were subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. The degradation was observed in oxidation and acid hydrolysis. The linearity for atorvastatin calcium and celecoxib were in the range of 100-500 µg/mL. The recovery study of atorvastatin and celecoxib were found to be in the range of 98.96 - 99.92% and 98.90-100%, respectively. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied to the estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Celecoxib in combined in-house niosomal formulation.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide (1-38) and its analog (Acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP 38-polyamide) reverse methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness in rats
Authors: Tlili Mounira , Rouatbi Sonia , Gandia Fedoua , Hallegue Dorsaf , Sriha Badreddine , Yacoubi Mohamed Taher , Krichah Raja , Sakly Mohsen , Rhouma Khémais Ben , Vaudry David , Wurtz Olivier , Tebourbi Olfa
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate both functionally and structurally bronchodilator effects of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP38) and acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP38-polyamide, a potent PACAP38 analog, in rats challenged by methacholine (MeCh). Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 inhaled respectively aerosols of saline or increasing doses of MeCh (0.5, 1, 2.12, 4.25, 8.5, 17, 34 and 68mg/L). The other groups received terbutaline (Terb) (250 µg/rat) (10-6 M), PACAP38 (50 µg/rat) (0.1 mM) or PACAP38 analog (50 µg/rat) associated to MeCh from the dose of 4.25 mg/L. Total lung resistances (RL) were recorded before and 2 min after MeCh administration by pneumomultitest equipment. MeCh administration induced a significant and a dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) of RL compared to control rats. Terb, PACAP38 and PACAP38 analog reversed significantly the MeCh-induced bronchial constriction, smooth muscle (SM) layer thickness and bronchial lumen mucus abundance. PACAP38 analog prevents effectively bronchial smooth muscle layer thickness, mucus hypersecretion and lumen decrease. Therefore, it may constitute a potent therapeutic bronchodilator.
Effects of polyethylene glycols on intestinal efflux pump expression and activity in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Hodaei Darya , Baradaran Behzad , Valizadeh Hadi , Zakeri-Milani Parvin
Published: November 2015

The present study was planned to investigate the influence of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) on the activity and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Sub-toxic concentrations of PEGs in Caco-2 cells were determined using the MTT test assay. Then the measurement of Rhodamine-123 (Rho-123) uptake, a P-gp fluorescence substrate, in Caco-2 cells confronting PEG 400 (1% and 2% w/v), PEG 4000 (2% and 4% w/v), PEG 6000 (2% and 4% w/v), PEG 10000 (2% and 4% w/v), PEG 15000 (1% and 2% w/v), and PEG 35000 (2% and 4% w/v) overnight was taken to elucidate whether non-toxic concentrations of PEGs are able to impact P-gp activity. Furthermore, western blotting was carried out to investigate P-gp protein expression. The results showed that PEG 400 at concentrations of 1% (w/v) and 2% (w/v) and PEG 6000 at the concentration of 4% (w/v) are notably capable of blocking P-gp. Based on the obtained results it is concluded that the mentioned excipients could be used to obstruct P-gp efflux transporter in order to increase the bioavailability of co-administered substrate drug.
Tolerance of Three Clovers (Trifoliumspp.) to Common Herbicides
Authors: McCurdy James D. , McElroy J. Scott , Flessner Michael L. , Hoyle Jared A. , Parker Ethan T.
Published: November 2015

Clover inclusion may increase the sustainability of certain low-maintenance turfgrasses. However, selective weed control within mixed turfgrass–clover swards proves problematic because of clover susceptibility to herbicides. Research was conducted to identify common turf herbicides that are tolerated by threeTrifoliumspecies, including white clover, ball clover, and small hop clover, within low-maintenance turfgrass. Leaf and flower density, as well as plant height, were measured 4 wk after treatment as indicators of clover response to 14 herbicides. The threeTrifoliumspp. were moderately tolerant of bentazon (< 35% decrease in leaf density, height, or flowering). Simazine was well tolerated by white clover (< 5% decrease in all response variables), yet moderate injury to ball clover and small hop clover was observed (> 32% decrease in leaf density and > 27% decrease in flower density). Pronamide was well tolerated by white and ball clovers, with no effect on measured response variables; however, pronamide decreased small hop clover height and flower density (38 and 42%, respectively). Imazethapyr and imazamox were moderately well tolerated by white clover and small hop clover (< 39% decrease by all response variables), yet ball clover may be more susceptible to these herbicides than was anticipated based on previously reported tolerance. The herbicides 2,4-DB, halosulfuron, and metribuzin were well tolerated by white clover, with no effect on measured response variables; however, results suggest ball and small hop clovers were less tolerant. Clopyralid, 2,4-D, glyphosate, imazaquin, metsulfuron-methyl, and nicosulfuron resulted in varying degrees of injury across clover species and response variables, but, in general, these herbicides may not be viable options when attempting to maintain any of the three clover species tested. Further research is needed to quantify long-term effects of herbicide application on sward composition and clover succession.