bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key technologies analysis and design of ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft for gravitational wave detection
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Guo Tong , Cai Zhi-Ming ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: April 2021

The observation of gravitational wave enables human to explore the origin, formation and evolution of universe governed by the gravitational interaction and the nature of gravity beyond general theory of relativity. The groundbreaking discovery of Gravitational Wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory provides a brand-new observation way. While detecting gravitational wave on ground is limited by noises and test scale, space detection is an optimized alternative to learn rich sources in range of 0.1 mHz–1 Hz. Considering the great significance of space gravitational wave detection, ESA proposed LISA project, CAS also proposed Taiji project. Due to the extremely weak gravitational wave signal and high measurement accuracy requirement, the spaceborne GW observation antenna is accomplished by three spacecrafts constitute isosceles triangle formation intersatellite interferometer. The arm length of the interferometer reaches millions of kilometers between them, and the measurement accuracy reaches pico-meter magnitude. There are many key technologies including pm magnitude space laser interferometer metrology, drag-free control using TM of Gravity Reference Sensor, [Formula: see text]N micro thruster, ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft, etc. This paper focuses on key technologies of the ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft, analyzing the design of mechanical, thermal control and magnetic clean. Moreover, it reports the preliminary results of the technological breakthrough.
System modeling in data processing of Taiji-1 mission
Authors: Peng Xiaodong , Jin Hongbo , Xu Peng , Wang Zhi , Luo Ziren , Ma Xiaoshan , Qiang Li-E , Tang Wenlin , Ma Xin , Zhang Yuzhu , Wang Zuolei , Wu Pengzhan , Deng Xiaoqin , Li Haosi , Wu Liming , Wang Juan , Wei Yuxiao , Lin Zhiyong , Gao Chen , Zhao Mengyuan ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: April 2021

Taiji-1 is the first technology demonstration satellite of the Taiji Program in Space, which, served as the pre-PathFinder mission, had finished its nominal science operational phase and successfully accomplished the mission goal. The gravitational reference sensor (GRS) on-board Taiji-1 is one of the key science payloads that coupled strongly to other instruments, sub-systems and also the satellite platform itself. Fluctuations of the physical environment inside the satellite and mechanical disturbances of the platform generate important noises in the GRS measurements, therefore their science data can also be used to evaluate the performance of the [Formula: see text]-thrusters and the stability of the platform. In this work, we report on the methods employed in Taiji-1 GRS data processing in the systematical modelings of the spacecraft orbit and attitude perturbations, mechanical disturbances, and internal environment changes. The modeled noises are then removed carefully from the GRS science data to improve the data quality and the GRS in-orbit performance estimations.
Expansions of abelian square-free groups
Authors: Fioravanti Stefano
Published: April 2021

We investigate finitary functions from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for a square-free number [Formula: see text]. We show that the lattice of all clones on the square-free set [Formula: see text] which contain the addition of [Formula: see text] is finite. We provide an upper bound for the cardinality of this lattice through an injective function to the direct product of the lattices of all [Formula: see text]-linearly closed clonoids, [Formula: see text], to the [Formula: see text] power, where [Formula: see text]. These lattices are studied in [S. Fioravanti, Closed sets of finitary functions between products of finite fields of pair-wise coprime order, preprint (2020), arXiv:2009.02237] and there we can find an upper bound for their cardinality. Furthermore, we prove that these clones can be generated by a set of functions of arity at most [Formula: see text].
SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA CLASSIFICATION USING ATTENTION-BASED RESIDUAL NETWORKS
Authors: ZHANG JIAYU , QIAN LI , HOU XINGYU , ZHU HONGLEI , WU XIAOMEI
Published: April 2021

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) are two common arrhythmias with high similarity. Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) detection using machine learning and neural networks has replaced manual detection, but few studies distinguishing AVNRT from AVRT have been reported. This study proposed a classification algorithm using bottleneck attention module (BAM)-based deep residual network (ResNet) through two-lead ECG records. Specifically, ResNet possessed sufficient network depth to extract abundant features, and BAM was introduced to optimize weight assignment of feature maps by fusing together channel and spatial information. Seven types of ECG signals from four public databases were used to pretrain the proposed classification model, which was then fine-tuned using the experimental dataset. The AVNRT and AVRT detection precisions were 98.95% and 87.47%, sensitivities were 87.52% and 98.58%, and the [Formula: see text]1-scores were 92.82% and 92.68%, respectively. These findings showed that our proposed classification model achieved excellent inter-patient classification performance and can assist doctors in the diagnosis of AVNRT and AVRT.
Chemical composition of iron sulphides contained in dust from pyrometallurgical Zn and Pb production
Authors: Nowińska Katarzyna , Adamczyk Zdzisław
Published: April 2021

The paper presents results of investigations of the chemical composition of iron sulphides contained in dust from the pyrometallurgical production process of zinc and lead. The main mineral components of these dusts are sphalerite, galena, iron sulphide – pyrite, zincite, anglesite and probably kirchsteinite. The tests performed have demonstrated that the chemical composition of iron sulphide grains was not close to stoichiometric, the grains were non-uniform in terms of phase composition and they always included admixtures in the form of inclusions of other sulphides, i.e. zinc sulphide and lead sulphide, and accompanying elements (Ca, Mn, Se, As, Ag, Cu, Cd).
The Epoxidized Vietnam Rubber Seed Oil as a Secondary Plasticizer/Thermal Stabilizer in PVC Processing
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi , Duc Vu Minh , Liem Nguyen Thanh
Published: April 2021

The epoxidized rubber seed oil (EeRSO) was a mixture of epoxidized triglyceride, and epoxidized methyl ester of free fatty acids was used as a secondary plasticizer for PVC. An increase in tensile properties was observed by substituting the 10 phr DOP plasticizer with the EeRSO in PVC formulation. A leaching test was performed in five media to evaluate the plasticizing effect. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water and 30 wt.% acetic solution, decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, and reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n-hexane. The 10 phr EeRSO in PVC formulation has presented an improvement in migration, volatilization characteristics, and thermal property of PVC. After 72 hours of soaking in n-hexane, the shore A hardness of the EeRSO plasticized PVC sample increased by 14.5% while the PVC sample without EeRSO was blistered and its shore A hardness could not be measured. This was the clearest evidence for the positive effect of EeRSO as a secondary plasticizer. The morphology of the fractured surface of the samples after immersing in n-hexane was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the role of EeRSO in significant improvement in thermal stability. In general, EeRSO not only acts as a primary plasticizer to improve the migration, extraction, and volatilization characteristics but also contributes to the thermal stability of PVC.
CPEH: A Clustering Protocol for the Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Han Yu , Su Jian , Wen Guangjun , He Yiran , Li Jian
Published: April 2021

In the last decade, energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EHWSN) has been well developed. By harvesting energy from the surrounding environment, sensors in EHWSN remove the energy constraint and have an unlimited lifetime in theory. The long‐lasting character makes EHWSN suitable for Industry 4.0 applications that usually need sensors to monitor the machine state and detect errors continuously. Most wireless sensor network protocols have become inefficient in EHWSN due to neglecting the energy harvesting property. In this paper, we propose CPEH, which is a clustering protocol specially designed for the EHWSN. CPEH considers the diversity of the energy harvesting ability among sensors in both cluster formation and intercluster communication. It takes the node’s information such as local energy state, local density, and remote degree into account and uses fuzzy logic to conduct the cluster head selection and cluster size allocation. Meanwhile, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) as a reinforcement learning strategy is utilized by CPEH to discover a highly efficient intercluster routing between cluster heads and the base station. Furthermore, to avoid cluster dormancy, CPEH introduces the Cluster Head Relay (CHR) strategy to allow the proper cluster member to undertake the cluster head that is energy depletion. We make a detailed simulation of CPEH with some famous clustering protocols under different network scenarios. The result shows that CPEH can effectively improve the network throughput and delivery ratio than others as well as successfully solve the cluster dormancy problem.
Semiempirical Correlation between P‐Wave Velocity and Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Silty Clay Soil
Authors: Ji Yadong , Zhu Kaipeng , Lyu Chao , Wang Shidong , Ning Dianyan , Fan Juan , Shi Lei
Published: April 2021

In this study, the thermal conductivity and P‐wave velocity of silty clay soil with different water contents are investigated through experiments at different temperatures, and a theoretical correlation between thermal conductivity and wave velocity is established. With temperature decline, the unfrozen water content is reduced and frost heave cracks propagate in soil samples. The variations in thermal conductivity and P‐wave velocity are summarized as four phases. The freezing temperature of silty clay soil is between −2°C and −4°C. There is an inversely proportional relationship between thermal conductivity and P‐wave velocity for silty clay soil at temperatures below freezing. The experimental results show that the theoretical correlation can well explain the relationship between P‐wave velocity and thermal conductivity. These findings provide a possibility for determining the thermal conductivity easily and quickly in geothermal systems and underground engineering projects.
Erosion Control Treatment Using Geocell and Wheat Straw for Slope Protection
Authors: Song Xiaoruan , Huang Miansong , He Shiqin , Song Gaofeng , Shen Ruozhu , Huang Pengzhi , Zhang Guanfang
Published: April 2021

Slope failure triggered by soil erosion under rainfall remains one of the most difficult problems in geotechnical engineering. Slope protection with planting vegetation can be used to reinforce the soil and stabilize the slope, but the early collapse of the planting soil before the complete growth of plants becomes a major issue for this method. This paper has proposed a composite soil treatment and slope protection method using the geocell structures and the wheat straw reinforcement. The geocell structures improve the stability of the planting soil and provide a stable and fixed environment for the vegetation, while the wheat straw reinforces the soil and also increases the fertility. The authors have performed a total of 9 experiments in this work that are classified into three groups, i.e., the unsupported slopes, the geocell reinforced, and the geocell and wheat straw composite reinforced with a consideration of three different rainfall intensities. The progressive slope failure development during the rainfall was assessed, as well as the soil erosion, the slope displacement, and the water content. The results show that the slope failure increases as the rainfall continues, and the soil degradation increases with the intensity of rainfall. The soil treatment using geocell improves the slope stability, but the geocell and wheat straw composite reinforcement has the best erosion control and slope protection.
Multiobjective Optimization Method of Coevolution to Intelligent Agricultural Dynamic Services under the Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Liang Haihong
Published: April 2021

The agricultural Internet of Things system, with its large‐scale, highly heterogeneous, and dynamic characteristics, brings certain difficulties to the provision of agricultural Internet of Things services. Considering the multiple requests of the agricultural Internet of Things at any random moment, which have the characteristics of multiple sources, multiple types, and uneven tasks, this paper establishes an optimization model for the minimum service cost and proposes a collaborative evolution to intelligent agricultural dynamic services under the Internet of Things environment multiobjective optimization method. First, according to the probability that the allele on the fragment to be vaccinated has appeared in the memory bank, use the detection strategy to judge whether the solution is illegal; secondly, compare the optimal individual with other values appearing on the gene locus, judge whether the optimal gene or fall into the local optimal, and inoculate with probability through simulated annealing; finally, the total service cost and service time were evaluated under the two service provision strategies and compared with the other three intelligent algorithms; the results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. At the same time, the simulation results show that the proposed collaborative multiobjective optimization algorithm can achieve better performance.
On the Electromagnetic Vacuum Origins of Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Astrophysical Jets
Authors: Marongwe Stuart
Published: April 2021

We use a semiclassical version of the Nexus paradigm of quantum gravity in which the quantum vacuum at large scales is dominated by the second quantized electromagnetic field to demonstrate that a virtual photon field can affect the geometric evolution of Einstein manifolds or Ricci solitons. This phenomenon offers a cogent explanation of the origins of astrophysical jets, the cosmological constant, and a means of detecting galactic dark matter.
DDoS Detection Using a Cloud-Edge Collaboration Method Based on Entropy-Measuring SOM and KD-Tree in SDN
Authors: Xu Yuhua , Yu Yunfeng , Hong Hanshu , Sun Zhixin
Published: April 2021

Software-defined networking (SDN) emerges as an innovative network paradigm, which separates the control plane from the data plane to improve the network programmability and flexibility. It is widely applied in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, SDN is vulnerable to DDoS attacks, which can cause network disasters. In order to protect SDN security, a DDoS detection method using cloud-edge collaboration based on Entropy-Measuring Self-organizing Maps and KD-tree (EMSOM-KD) is designed for SDN. Entropy measurement is utilized to select the ideal SOM map and classify SOM neurons considering the limitation of dead and suspicious neurons. EMSOM can detect most flows directly and filter out a few doubtable flows. Then these flows are fine-grained, identified by KD-tree. Due to the limited and precious resources of the controller, parameter computation is performed in the cloud. The edge controller implements DDoS detection by EMSOM-KD. The experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EMSOM-KD has better detection accuracy; moreover, it improves the KD-tree detection efficiency.
Extract of Propolis on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: Effect on Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties and Dentin Bonding Strength
Authors: Panahandeh Narges , Adinehlou Fatemeh , Sheikh-Al-Eslamian Seyedeh Mahsa , Torabzadeh Hassan
Published: April 2021

This study assessed the effect of addition of aqueous extract of propolis in different concentrations on the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). In this in vitro study, powder of Fuji II LC RMGIC was mixed with 25% and 50% aqueous extracts of propolis. Samples (n = 15 for shear bond strength, n = 5 for flexural strength, and n = 20 for the antibacterial activity test) were fabricated using this mixture. The buccal and lingual surfaces of 23 premolars were ground to expose dentin. Tygon tubes were filled with cement, bonded to dentin, and subjected to bond or the flexural strength test in a universal testing machine. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and well-plate techniques against S. mutans. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The three groups showed significant differences (p < 0.001). The 50% propolis group had the lowest flexural and shear bond strength. The control group had the highest flexural and shear bond strength. No growth inhibition zone was noted around any of the discs. It can be concluded that addition of propolis to RMGIC did not confer any antibacterial activity against S. mutans and decreased the flexural and shear bond strength of RMGIC.
The Reverse of the Intermediate Value Theorem in Some Topological Spaces
Authors: Kabbouch Oussama , Najmeddine Mustapha
Published: April 2021

Any continuous function with values in a Hausdorff topological space has a closed graph and satisfies the property of intermediate value. However, the reverse implications are false, in general. In this article, we treat additional conditions on the function, and its graph for the reverse to be true.
Design and Implementation of the Optimization Algorithm in the Layout of Parking Lot Guidance
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Li Dongyan , Yang Yurong , Chen Xi , Lv Xinrong , Li Xiaofeng
Published: April 2021

The information guidance system for parking spaces in large‐ and medium‐sized parking lots is not efficient at present. It tends to be difficult to find an empty parking space in parking lots in big cities. One of the problems is the large amount of calculation in the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. In this paper, an improved Dijkstra algorithm is presented and optimized to find the best parking path with the purpose of looking for the nearest free parking space based on the layout model in parking lot parking guidance. The experiments show that the improved Dijkstra algorithm can find the optimal parking space and the optimal parking path and improve the parking efficiency.
Multitargeted Effects of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications
Authors: Abdulai Ibrahim Luru , Kwofie Samuel Kojo , Gbewonyo Winfred Seth , Boison Daniel , Puplampu Joshua Buer , Adinortey Michael Buenor
Published: April 2021

Background. Till date, there is no known antidote to cure diabetes mellitus despite the discovery and development of diverse pharmacotherapeutic agents many years ago. Technological advancement in natural product chemistry has led to the isolation of analogs of vitexin and isovitexin found in diverse bioresources. These compounds have been extensively studied to explore their pharmacological relevance in diabetes mellitus. Aim of the Study. The present review was to compile results from in vitro and in vivo studies performed with vitexin and isovitexin derivatives relating to diabetes mellitus and its complications. A systematic online literature query was executed to collect all relevant articles published up to March 2020. Results. In this piece, we have collected data and presented it in a one-stop document to support the multitargeted mechanistic actions of vitexin and isovitexin in controlling diabetes mellitus and its complications. Conclusion. Data collected hint that vitexin and isovitexin work by targeting diverse pathophysiological and metabolic pathways and molecular drug points involved in the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus. This is expected to provide a deeper understanding of its actions and also serve as a catapult for clinical trials and application research.
Characteristics of Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Pure ZnO/Amorphous IGZO Thin-Film Structures
Authors: Lam Kin-Tak , Young Sheng-Joue , Chu Yen-Lin , Tsai Chi-Nan , Chu Tung-Te , Lu Ting-Sung , Ji Liang-Wen
Published: April 2021

In this study, metal–semiconductor–metal-structured ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films were fabricated and characterized. The ZnO seed layers were deposited on Corning glass substrates via a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. Results showed that under a 5 V applied bias; the dark currents of the pure ZnO and a-IGZO thin films were 0.112 pA and 2.85 nA, respectively. Meanwhile, the UV-to-visible rejection ratio of the pure ZnO and a-IGZO thin films were 14.33 and 256, respectively. Lastly, the PDs of thea-IGZO thin films had a lower leakage current and higher rejection ratio than that of the pure ZnO thin films from the UV to visible light region.
Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiles of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells from the Periodontitis Microenvironment in Response to Static Mechanical Strain
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhao Yan , Niu Qiannan , Qiu Ni , Liu Shuangyun , Li Chunrong , Li Cuixia , Miao Pei , Yan Libo , Li Qiang , Jin Zuolin
Published: April 2021

During the period of orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in transducing mechanical stimulation and tissue remodeling. However, our previous studies verified that the periodontitis microenvironment causes damage to the biological functions of PDLSCs and abnormal mechanical sensitivity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the inflammatory pathogenesis and development of many diseases. Whether lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in PDLSCs obtained from periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients (PPDLSCs) and whether putative lncRNAs participate in the mechanotransductive process in PDLSCs remain poorly understood. First, we subjected PDLSCs obtained from healthy periodontal tissues (HPDLSCs) and PPDLSCs to static mechanical strain (SMS) with 12% elongation at 0.1 Hz frequency using an FX-4000T system and screened overall lncRNA profiles in both cell types by microarray. Among lncRNAs with a fold

change
 

FC

>
20.0

, 27 lncRNAs were upregulated in strained HPDLSCs, and 16 lncRNAs (9 upregulated and 7 downregulated) were detected in strained PPDLSCs. For mRNAs with

FC
>
20.0

, we detected 25 upregulated mRNAs and one downregulated mRNA in strained HPDLSCs and 7 upregulated and 5 downregulated mRNAs in strained PPDLSCs. Further enrichment analysis showed that, unlike HPDLSCs with annotations principally involving transduction-associated signaling pathways, dysregulated mRNAs in PPDLSCs are mainly responsible for pathological conditions. Moreover, coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA networks confirmed the pathological state and exacerbated inflammatory conditions in strained PPDLSCs. Taken together, when compared with strained HPDLSCs, various lncRNAs and mRNAs were dysregulated in PPDLSCs under mechanical forces, implicating the response of lncRNAs in PPDLSCs to mechanical stress. Moreover, we provide potential lncRNA targets, which may contribute to future intervention strategies for orthodontic treatment in periodontitis patients.
Reaching Consensus with Byzantine Faulty Controllers in Software‐Defined Networks
Authors: Cheng Chien-Fu , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Srivastava Gautam , Hsu Chu-Chiao
Published: April 2021

The combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud computing are both popular applications that are based on the Internet. However, the traditional networking structure can no longer support the transmission of the huge number of packets required by cloud computing and IoT. Therefore, a new‐generation architecture, software‐defined networking (SDN), came into being. The new‐generation SDN can control routing through software, making flexible and convenient management a key feature of SDN. However, attacks and threats are prevalent in today’s networking environment. When an SDN controller encounters a hacker attack or virus infection, it will not function properly. Hence, we need to design a fault‐tolerant mechanism for the above environment. In this paper, a fault‐tolerant consensus protocol is proposed to improve the fault tolerance of SDNs with multiple controllers.
Treatment Outcome of Severe Malaria and Associated Factors among Adults Admitted in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Nation Nationality and People’s Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Solomon K. , Ayele Muluken B. , Mihiret Asmare G. , Dinegde Negalign G. , Mekonen Hussen , Yesera Gesila E.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Progression to severe and fatal disease is largely but not entirely confined to Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite relatively low malaria prevalence compared to most other malaria-endemic countries in Africa. In Ethiopia, a nationwide report during 2015 showed that the total number of deaths associated with malaria was 1561. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General Hospital on February 2019. Data were collected from a patient record who was admitted with severe malaria in the past four years from Sept. 2015 to Aug. 2018. Results. This study included a total of 387 patients with severe malaria. The mortality rate associated with severe malaria in the year between 2015 and 2018 at Arba Minch General Hospital was 5.7%. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were significantly associated with mortality, at significant level of

P
<
0.05

. Conclusions. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were found to be poor prognostic indicators for patients with severe malaria.
New Properties of Dual Continuous
K
-g-Frames in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Touri Abdeslam , Labrigui Hatim , Rossafi Mohamed
Published: April 2021

The concept of frames in Hilbert spaces continues to play a very interesting role in many kinds of applications. In this paper, we study the notion of dual continuous

K

-g-frames in Hilbert spaces. Also, we establish some new properties.
Pseudotext Injection and Advance Filtering of Low‐Resource Corpus for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Adjeisah Michael , Liu Guohua , Nyabuga Douglas Omwenga , Nortey Richard Nuetey , Song Jinling
Published: April 2021

Scaling natural language processing (NLP) to low‐resourced languages to improve machine translation (MT) performance remains enigmatic. This research contributes to the domain on a low‐resource English‐Twi translation based on filtered synthetic‐parallel corpora. It is often perplexing to learn and understand what a good‐quality corpus looks like in low‐resource conditions, mainly where the target corpus is the only sample text of the parallel language. To improve the MT performance in such low‐resource language pairs, we propose to expand the training data by injecting synthetic‐parallel corpus obtained by translating a monolingual corpus from the target language based on bootstrapping with different parameter settings. Furthermore, we performed unsupervised measurements on each sentence pair engaging squared Mahalanobis distances, a filtering technique that predicts sentence parallelism. Additionally, we extensively use three different sentence‐level similarity metrics after round‐trip translation. Experimental results on a diverse amount of available parallel corpus demonstrate that injecting pseudoparallel corpus and extensive filtering with sentence‐level similarity metrics significantly improves the original out‐of‐the‐box MT systems for low‐resource language pairs. Compared with existing improvements on the same original framework under the same structure, our approach exhibits tremendous developments in BLEU and TER scores.
The Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Postdilation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Xiying , Zhang Wenjiao , Qiao Xuan , Wang Zhilu
Published: April 2021

Objective. The effect of postdilation in patients with acute coronary syndrome is still controversial. This meta-analysis aims to analyze the clinical and angiographic outcomes of postdilation after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wangfang databases were searched from inception to August 30, 2020. Eligible studies from acute coronary syndrome patients treated with postdilation were included. The primary clinical outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the secondary clinical outcomes comprised all-cause death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, and the angiographic outcomes were no reflow and slow reflow. Results. 11 studies met inclusion criteria. In clinical outcomes, our pooled analysis demonstrated that the postdilation had a tendency of decreasing MACE (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–1.00;

P

 = 0.05) but significantly increased all-cause death (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.12;

P

 = 0.03). No significant difference existed in stent thrombosis (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.40–1.26;

P

 = 0.24), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.51–3.83;

P

 = 0.51), and target vessel revascularization (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.21–1.80;

P

 = 0.37) between postdilation and non-postdilation groups. In angiographic outcomes, there were no significant differences in no reflow (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.54–2.65;

P

 = 0.66) and slow reflow (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.93–1.35;

P

 = 0.24) between two groups. Conclusions. The postdilation tends to reduce the risk of MACE but significantly increases all-cause death, without significantly affecting stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and coronary TIMI flow grade. However, more randomized controlled trials are required for investigating the effect of postdilation for patients with acute coronary syndrome (registered by PROSPERO, CRD42020160748).
Some Properties of Solutions to Multiterm Fractional Boundary Value Problems with
p
-Laplacian Operator
Authors: Jong KumSong , Choi HuiChol , Jang KyongJun , Jong SongGuk , Jon KyongSon , Ri Ok
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study some properties of positive solutions to a class of multipoint boundary value problems for nonlinear multiterm fractional differential equations with

p

-Laplacian operator. Using the Banach contraction mapping principle, the existence, the uniqueness, the positivity, and the continuous dependency on

m

-point boundary conditions of the solutions to the given problem are investigated. Also, two examples are presented to demonstrate our main results.
Research Trends and Performance of IIoT Communication Network‐Architectural Layers of Petrochemical Industry 4.0 for Coping with Circular Economy
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Prabhu M. , Ahmed Ramyar Rzgar , Sahu Anoop Kumar
Published: April 2021

In the present era, many Petrochemical Industries (PIs) are driven energetically due to IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) Communication Networks/Architectural Layers (CNs/ALs), abbreviated as PI4.0‐CNs/ALs. PI4.0 fruitfully participated to achieve the Circular Economy (CE) by speeding the reutilization, recovery, and recycling of scrap materials by minimizing cost, unproductive operations, energy consumption, emission of flue gases, etc. Recently, it has been ascertained that the identification and measurement of Research Trends (RTs) of CNs‐ALs help the PI4.0 to build the future CE. In addressing the said research challenge, the objective of this research dossier is turned towards inculcating into future PI4.0 researchers the RTs of CNs/ALs of PI4.0, so that the researches can be organized over the very weak and moderately performing CNs‐ALs to hike the future CE. To materialize the RTs of PI4‐CNs/ALs, the authors conducted the Systematic Literature Survey (SLS) focusing on PI4.0‐CNs/ALs, i.e., Internet of Things (IoTs), Cyber Physical System (CPS), Virtual Reality (VR), Integration (I), Data Optimization (DO), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Plant Control (PC), Data and Analytics (DA), Network (N), and Information and Data Management (IDM). The authors searched three hundred two research documents, wherein two hundred seventy‐five research manuscripts qualified as RQ2. Next, the authors collected the DOIs/URLs corresponding to each CN‐AL and explored the Sum of Digit Scoring System (SDSS) to summarize the DOIs/URLs of PI4.0‐CNs/ALs. The RTs of DO have been determined as excellent and stronger over 2007‐2017 than residue CNs/ALs. Eventually, the authors advised scholars to focus on the research areas of very weak and moderately weak performing CNs/ALs in order to attain future CE.
Psychological Contract of Buyer‐Supplier Relationships in Construction Projects: An Analysis Based on Game Theory
Authors: Luo Qi , Lu Kun
Published: April 2021

Expect for formal contracts, there are informally unwritten psychological contracts (PC) in the relationship between buyer and supplier for construction projects. The PC can affect the construction project performance and even cause project failure, but its process and formation are complex and not comprehensive in existing researches. This paper analyzes the PC between buyer and supplier by using evolutionary game and repeated game to tackle this gap. The results show the following: (1) the goodwill and interest have an important impact on PC fulfillment. (2) The PC is vulnerable; for example, once either one fails to perform PC, the other will also destroy PC, and then the construction project will enter a vicious circle. (3) In the process of repeated game, the effect of goodwill will gradually disappear, and the interest will play a major role. (4) If the project performance is only linked to one participant, it will lead to breach from another player. Some measures may help both sides to complete PC, such as making both sides profitable, increasing the emphasis on business reputation, and improving the relevance of construction projects performance.
Dopamine Prevents Ultraviolet B–induced Development and Progression of Premalignant Cutaneous Lesions through its D2 Receptors
Authors: Lu Kai , Bhat Madhavi , Peters Sara , Mitra Rita , Mo Xiaokui , Oberyszyn Tatiana M. , Dasgupta Partha Sarathi , Basu Sujit
Published: April 2021

Although the role of dopamine (DA) in malignant tumors has been reported, its function in premalignant lesions is unknown. Herein we report that the stimulation of DA D2 receptors in endothelial cells in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cutaneous lesions in mice significantly reduced the tumor number, tumor burden, and malignant squamous cell carcinoma in these animals. DA D2 receptor agonist inhibited VEGFA-dependent proangiogenic genes in vitro and in vivo. However, the mice pretreated with selective DA D2 receptor antagonist inhibited the actions of the agonist, thereby suggesting that the action of DA was through its D2 receptors in the endothelial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report DA-mediated regulation of pathogenesis and progression of UVB-induced premalignant skin lesions.

Prevention Relevance:

This investigation demonstrates the role of dopamine and its D2 receptors in UVB induced premalignant squamous cell skin lesions and how DA through its D2 receptors inhibits the development and progression of these lesions and subsequently prevents squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
The Diagnostic Conundrum of Retinitis and a Pigmented Scar
Authors: Khandwala Nikhila S. , Miller Jason M.L. , Hyde Robert A. , Conrady Christopher D. , Rao Rajesh C. , Besirli Cagri G.
Published: April 2021

We report a finding of a pigmented chorioretinal scar with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection rather than toxoplasma, creating an initial diagnostic dilemma. A 53-year-old functionally monocular male presented with painless floaters and blurry vision in his seeing eye over a period of 4 days. An exam demonstrated anterior chamber (AC) reaction, vitritis, multifocal patches of whitening, and an occlusive retinal vasculitis. A superior pigmented chorioretinal scar with overlying contracted vitreous was noted in the periphery with no adjacent retinal whitening. The patient was treated for both ARN and toxoplasma chorioretinitis until PCR study of the vitreous and AC returned positive for HSV-2 and negative for toxoplasmosis. Management consisted of a dual therapy regimen of both oral and intravitreal antiviral agents as well as oral corticosteroids. The patient’s clinical course was complicated by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment within 2 weeks after symptom onset, requiring pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil and intraoperative intraocular incubation with foscarnet. We review emerging evidence for pigmented chorioretinal scars in ARN specifically caused by HSV-2, as well as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas in the management of ARN and ARN detachments.
Argentinian Flag Sign and Its Management during Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in a Case with Intumescent Cataracts
Authors: Adams Maria L. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Weinstock Robert J.
Published: April 2021

We describe a case of radial extension and its management during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in a patient with intumescent cataracts. Radial extension was observed after injection of trypan blue into the anterior chamber. Management of the extension was achieved by separation of adhesions between the incomplete capsulotomy, along with manual completion at the areas of extensions. Careful observation during FLACS capsulotomy is advised in cases of intumescent cataracts due to the release of cortex into the anterior chamber which may interfere with the delivery of the laser treatment resulting in incomplete capsulotomy patterns. Furthermore, trypan blue staining is essential to identify possible incomplete capsulotomy patterns and extensions. The Argentinian flag sign may occur after femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy in cases of intumescent cataracts. Proper identification of incomplete capsulotomy patterns and radial extensions should be managed with careful manual completion of the capsulotomy.
Full-Thickness Macular Hole Progressing from Lamellar Macular Hole with Epiretinal Proliferation
Authors: Asaad Salim Zafar
Published: April 2021

Foveoschisis in association with contractile epiretinal membrane is frequently misdiagnosed as lamellar macular hole (LMH). The progression of true LMH with associated epiretinal proliferation to full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is probably underestimated. We report a case of bilateral FTMH progressing from LMH with epiretinal proliferation. A 72-year-old male presented with increased blurring of vision in left eye. Visual acuity was 20/40 in right and 20/50 in left eye. Examination showed FTMH with epiretinal proliferation in left eye and LMH with epiretinal proliferation in right eye. Surgery of the left eye achieved successful closure of macular hole with improvement in vision. He presented again a month later with further deterioration of vision in right eye. Examination revealed FTMH in right eye with epiretinal proliferation. Surgery of the right eye also achieved optimum functional and morphological results. This case demonstrates that LMH with epiretinal proliferation may have a propensity to progress to FTMH.
Conjunctival Chemosis and Annular Ciliochoroidal Detachments Detected by Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ishida Akiko , Yamane Yukari , Koyama Yasurou , Honda Manabu , Kondo Masahiro , Murakawa Yohko , Tanito Masaki
Published: April 2021

A 61-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital for treatment of systemic serositis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). At the initial ophthalmologic examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.2 and 0.6 in her right and left eyes, respectively. Slit-lamp examination showed marked chemosis in both eyes (OU). Swept source-based, anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) clearly showed conjunctival elevations corresponding to the chemosis in all scan directions OU. In some scans, hyporeflective spaces with luminal structures corresponding to dilated lymphatic channels and nonluminal structures corresponding to interstitial fluid accumulation were seen clearly under the conjunctival epithelium and/or in the parenchyma. In all scan directions, the supraciliary space was seen clearly, suggesting the presence of an annular ciliochoroidal detachment. Fundus examinations showed retinal edema temporal to the optic nerve head and subfoveal serous retinal detachments OU. Ocular effusions resolved by 2 weeks after the start of steroid pulse therapy, and pleural effusions and ascites resolved and pericardial effusion decreased by 2 months. AS-OCT can be useful for understanding the mechanism(s) of the less common anterior-segment ocular manifestations of SLE.
Schweres Lungenemphysem: Zusammenhänge zwischen klinischen Verläufen nach bronchoskopischer Volumenreduktion und metabolischen Parametern erkennen
Authors: Wagner Manfred
Published: April 2021

Background: Hypermetabolism and muscle wasting frequently occur in patients with severe emphysema. Improving respiratory mechanics by bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) might contribute to muscle maintenance by decreasing energy requirements and alleviating eating-related dyspnoea. Objective: The goal was to assess the impact of BLVR on energy balance regulation. Design: Twenty emphysematous subjects participated in a controlled clinical experiment before and 6 months after BLVR. Energy requirements were assessed: basal metabolic rate (BMR) by ventilated hood, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by doubly labelled water, whole body fat-free mass (FFM) by deuterium dilution, and physical activity by accelerometry. Oxygen saturation, breathing rate, and heart rate were monitored before, during, and after a standardized meal via pulse oximetry and dyspnoea was rated. Results: Sixteen patients completed follow-up, and among those, 10 patients exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of residual volume (RV) reduction. RV was reduced with median (range) 1,285 mL (–2,430, –540). Before BLVR, 90% of patients was FFM-depleted despite a normal BMI (24.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2). BMR was elevated by 130%. TDEE/BMR was 1.4 ± 0.2 despite a very low median (range) daily step count of 2,188 (739, 7,110). Following BLVR, the components of energy metabolism did not change significantly after intervention compared to before intervention, but BLVR treatment decreased meal-related dyspnoea (4.1 vs. 1.7, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Impaired respiratory mechanics in hyperinflated emphysematous patients did not explain hypermetabolism. Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT02500004 at www.clinicaltrial.gov.
Application of computational methods for harmonic state estimation of power system networks
Authors: Naji Hassan Saadallah , Hussein Husham Idan
Published: April 2021

In this study, a novel technique is used to estimate the power system harmonic state, as one of the biggest risks in a power system network. Nonlinear loads are widely used, which inject harmonics into a system. Such injected harmonics make networks unstable and increase power loss. The main objective of this work is to develop a new harmonic state estimator system to increase power system accuracy, stability and the wall operation state. Three computational methods are used in this study, that is, the i) proposed particle swarm optimisation-recursive least squares (PSO-RLS) algorithm, which is developed, presented and compared with the ii) discrete fourier transform (DFT) and iii) PSO algorithms. The three algorithms are tested on an IEEE 14-bus system, and simulation results show that the new PSO-RLS algorithm is more accurate than the other two algorithms (i.e. DFT and PSO algorithms), with a lower error percentage. The proposed algorithm is tested to prove its validity and effectiveness in power system networks. The capability of the PSO-RLS algorithm is apparent in the error percentage compared with that of the other two computational methods, which can be used to provide an excellent prediction rate for measurement errors in system buses. 
Clusterization of customer energy usage to detect power shrinkage in an effort to increase the efficiency of electric energy consumption
Authors: Asri Yessy , Kuswardani Dwina , Yosrita Efy , Hendrik Wullur Ferdinand
Published: April 2021

Automatic meter reading (AMR) is a reading system result the measurement of electrical energy consumen, both locally and remotely. The problems faced is the high non-technical shrinkage of AMR customers due to installation, maintenance errors as well as dishonest actions some consumers, this has a major influence on electrical power losses. PT. PLN Disjaya currently faces difficulties having to choose which customers should be checked first, so the field can only find a little damage. The K-means method based on historical electric power usage and determine the most optimal number of groups the davies-bouldin index (DBI) method. Based on the results of testing with 2-6 sets of clusters, the cluster set results are the most optimal is set cluster 4 because it has the smallest DBI value 0.893. The set of 4 clusters has the best performance in data grouping of historical power usage of AMR customers the business class, each centroid of each cluster is used as an attribute and value of the AMR customer power usage business chart. The testing phase is customers who categorized as customers with un-normal usage electricity power. The test is, by determining the distance data testing each centroid in the cluster 4 set.
Simulation for determining the rod pump system parameter values using finite difference method
Authors: Merry Sartika Erwani , Darmawan Arief
Published: April 2021

Lifting petroleum to the surface requires a mechanism called an artificial lift. This mechanism is useful for increasing the flow of fluids from a well. One that uses this method is the rod pump. The rod pump system needed the appropriate design (through the determination of the value of the parameters that affect) so that the pump runs optimally. But changing the appropriate design in real terms is not economically and time-efficient. The ideal rod pump system analysis procedure is to take downhole data (in the well) which is commonly called a pump card. A pump card calculation simulation is needed to efficiently analyze the rod pump system. The wave equation can describe the model of the rod pump system. A simulation of pump data calculation is performed using the finite difference method for the wave equation solution. Through the process of tuning parameter values using trial and error methods, the steps of tuning the parameter value of the rod pump system are proposed in this paper. For further research, a pump card calculation method based on a surface card can be developed to efficiently analyze the rod pump.