bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nefarious Activities: To Disclose or Not to Disclose
Authors: Shelton-Agar Malcolm , Cruse Helen
Published: July 2020

It is well established that insurance contracts are contracts uberrimae fidei ("of the utmost good faith"). From this foundation derives the insured's duty to disclose facts material to the proposed risk. This duty is placed upon the insured because s/he normally has the best knowledge of facts material to assessing the risk. In New Zealand today, whether a fact is "material" (and therefore needs to be disclosed) is based upon the view a "prudent insurer" would take of it. While the insured will usually know the all of the facts relevant to an assessment of the risk, s/he will often not know which of those facts would be of importance to a "prudent insurer". Confusion on such issues has given rise to considerable case law in the area. This article first examines what must be disclosed at common law - which of a general range of "nefarious activities" an insured owes it to his/her insurer to come clean about; the range and breadth of what must be disclosed would surprise most insured parties. Secondly, the article examines situations where insured parties are relieved of the general disclosure obligation - what is at common law capable of being material might not need to be disclosed in specific situations - including situations where the conduct of insurers or wording of the proposal (or other insurer supplied documents) might allow an insured to escape the general duty.
Laws and Politics of the International Relations of Japan and the United States
Authors: Angelo A H
Published: July 2020

This article is a book review of Makitaro Hotta Laws and Politics of the International Relations of Japan and the United States (published jointly by the School of International Service, American University, Washington, and the College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, 1996) 195 pages. The book is a compendium of documents and materials relating to Japan and United States relations from the Cairo Declaration of 1 December 1943 to the Japan/US Joint Declaration on Security Alliance for the 21st Century of 17 April 1996. Angelo praises the book’s versatility, as it can be used for comparative law classes and for international relations programmes, for constitutional law teaching, and for aspects of public international law.
Japan: Economic Success and Legal System
Authors: Angelo A H
Published: July 2020

This article is a book review of Harald Baum (ed) Japan: Economic Success and Legal System (de Gruyter, Berlin, 1997) pp i-xxii, 1-401. This book is the record of the 1995 conference on "Japan: Economic Success and Legal System" which was held at the Japanese-German Center, Berlin, Germany. The book is divided into four main parts: dispute resolution, contract in Japanese business, Japanese enterprise, and the bureaucracy in Japanese economic and legal affairs. Angelo praises the book as one that gives cause for reflection on matters of Japanese law and comparative, as well as the human condition generally.
Serious games for mental health: Are they accessible, feasible, and effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lau HM , Smit JH , Fleming Theresa , Riper H
Published: July 2020

© 2017 Lau, Smit, Fleming and Riper. Introduction: The development and use of serious games for mental health disorders are on the rise. Yet, little is known about the impact of these games on clinical mental health symptoms. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of serious games on symptoms of mental disorder. Method: We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases, using mental health and serious games-related keywords. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review, and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results: All of the serious games were provided via personal computer, mostly on CD-ROM without the need for an internet connection. The studies targeted age groups ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The serious games focused on symptoms of depression (n = 2), post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 2), autism spectrum disorder (n = 2), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 1), cognitive functioning (n = 2), and alcohol use disorder (n = 1). The studies used goal-oriented (n = 4) and cognitive training games (n = 6). A total of 674 participants were included in the meta-analysis (380 in experimental and 294 in control groups). A meta-analysis of 9 studies comprising 10 comparisons, using a random effects model, showed a moderate effect on improvement of symptoms [g = 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.28-0.83); P < 0.001], favoring serious games over no intervention controls. Discussion/conclusion: Though the number of comparisons in the meta-analysis was small, these findings suggest that serious gaming interventions may be effective for reducing disorder-related symptoms. More studies are needed in order to attain deeper knowledge of the efficacy for specific mental disorders and the longer term effects of this new type of treatment for mental disorders.
الحاجة العالمية لتطبيق الهندسة الأمنية المستدامة: التوجه نحو ما بعد النظرية في الدراسات الأمنية الجديدة
Authors: Ben Tayeb Idriss  A.
Published: July 2020

تهـدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز دور الهندسة الأمنية كإطار معرفي جديد قابل للتطبيق على المستوى العالمي في مجال تحقيق الأمن من خلال القيام بالتحوط الوقائي السابق، والعلاج البعدي النافع، بحيث يفرض عالم ما بعد الحداثة كمًّا هائلًا من التهديدات والتحديات الأمنية بشكل يرهق صانع القرار، من خلال تشتيت الإدراك وتضارب الإستراتيجيات المضادة أمام تعددية الأخطار وسرعة قابلية انتشارها في عصر العولمة.

وقد أصبح الأمن في عالم العولمة من المعطيات النادرة التي توحي بالحاجة العالمية والماسة إلى تطبيق مقاربة شاملة وفاعلة على كل المستويات بشكل يمكن أن يؤكد النضج النظري في الدراسات الأمنية أو القول باستهلاك كل النظريات القائمة على التحليل والوصف، وكذا شرح وتفسير الظواهر غير الأمنية، ومن ثم الإسهاب في التنبؤ بمستقبلها واستشرافها (ماضٍ ومستقبل)؛ ولذا جاز الحديث عما هو أبعد من النظرية (الميتا ـ نظرية) في الدراسات الأمنية كإطار عالمي قابل للتطبيق من أجل تحقيق الأمن لكل إنسان دون استثناء لكل الفواعل الأمنية (حكومية وغير حكومية، عقلانية وغير عقلانية)؛ لأن العالم في أمس الحاجة إلى تطبيق هندسة أمنية شاملة ومستدامة تجمع بين عالم الشمال وعالم الجنوب، وتوحد جهود كل الفواعل الأمنية، وتجسد رغبة وإرادة مشتركة في إطار إستراتيجية عالمية لمجابهة التهديدات الأمنية الجديدة التي أصبح بإمكانها أن تطول كل الناس في كل العالم، وتؤثر بشكل بالغ على أمن الإنسان في كل مكان.
تباين بنية إدارة الأزمات بتباين المجال المهني: دراسة عاملية في البيئة الكويتية
Authors: Askar Al-Fadhli Hoda Mallouh , Althuwaikh Abdullah Fawzi Ahmed
Published: July 2020

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن طبيعة البنية العاملية لإدارة الأزمات كمفهوم، والكشف عن مدى اختلاف أبعاد إدارة الأزمات من مهنة إلى أخرى، إضافة إلى التعرف على الفروق بين أفراد المهن المختلفة في إدارة الأزمات تبعًا للنوع الاجتماعي، والخبرة، والمؤهل العلمي، والمستوى الوظيفي. وتكونت عينة الدراسة الأساسية من 440 فردًا من الجنسين العاملين بمهن مختلفة بقطاعات التعليم والطب والهندسة، بأعمار ومستويات وظيفية متفاوتة، وقد بلغ متوسط أعمارهم 15-37 سنة، بانحراف معياري قدره 1.44 سنة. وبتطبيق مقياس لإدارة الأزمات من إعداد الباحثة بعد التحقق من صدقه وثباته على عينة الخصائص السيكومترية، وباستخدام التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي، والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي توصلت الدراسة إلى أن إدارة الأزمات لدى العاملين بالمهن التعليمية والطبية والهندسية عبارة عن عامل كامن عام تنتظم حوله العوامل المشاهدة الثلاثة، كما أسفرت النتائج عن تشابه البناء العاملي لإدارة الأزمات بالبيئة الكويتية بين المهن الثلاث (المعلمون ـ الأطباء ـ المهندسون)، إضافة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في إدارة الأزمات بين أفراد المهن المختلفة تبعًا للنوع الاجتماعي لصالح الذكور، وفي الخبرة لصالح الأفراد ذوي سنوات الخبرة الأكثر من 15 عامًا، وفي المؤهل العلمي لصالح الأفراد الحاصلين على دراسات عليا «ماجستير، دكتوراه»، وفي المستوى الوظيفي لصالح المستوى الوظيفي الأول (مدير مدرسة، أخصائي، استشاري، كبير مهندسين).
Ekstrimisme dalam Tafsir
Authors: Asyhari
Published: July 2020

The main cause of radicalism is the distorted understanding of the Qur'an and hadith. One of the Qur'anic verses used to legitimize the precept of the extreme radical group is Q. S al-Maidah: 44. Explicitly this verse seems to justify the radical group's claim that in this world all people have infidels because no one applies the Islamic law perfectly. Sayeed Qutb (d. 1966) is referred to as one of the people of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt interpreting the verse on a textual basis. Using the library research method, researchers answered two basic problems; (1) How Sayeed Qutb interprets Q. S al Maidah: 44, (2) How do the scholars interpret Q. S al Maidah: 44?. To answer the researcher to comb the interpretation of Sayeed Qutb in the book of Zilal al-Qur'an, then compare it with the interpretation of the other scholars in the books of interpretation. This research resulted in the conclusion that Sayeed Qutb's interpretation of Q. S al-Maidah: 44 is deviant from the interpretation of all Islamic scholars. The interpretation of Sayeed Qutb precisely corresponds to the interpretation of the Khawarij group at the time of the Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. The scholars interpret the passage with three interpretations. First, the meaning of kufr in the verse is a major sin, secondly, that a person is considered infidels when not applying Islamic law because of legal reasons other than Islam is better than Islamic law, third, the passage is revealed to the Jews, that the Jews who did not apply Islamic law were unbelievers.
PLANTS USED BY AFRICAN TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL DISEASES: A REVIEW
Authors: Agbor Ashu Michael , Naidoo Sudeshni
Published: July 2020

Background: Plants form the basis of African traditional medicine which has contributed to significantly to the reduction of mortality, morbidity and disability due to many diseases. Medicinal plants have been reported to be an essential aspect oral health delivery cutting across all facets of oral health care.

Method: Publications and reports on the use of African traditional medicine in oral health care were reviewed from published scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international organizations, research theses, conference papers and other grey material. International online databases such as MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were also searched up to 2015. Publications were limited to the English and French language

Results: This review identified medicinal plant use by traditional healers in preventive, therapeutic and surgical aspects in the oral health and also identified some research gaps which further studies should be carried out.

Conclusion: Medicinal plants has enormous benefits in the management of oral diseases but faces some challenges like toxicity, processing and follow-ups. Research on medicinal plants use in African traditional medicine in oral health is still scanty and most often incomplete.
MITIGATING DRINKING WATER CRISIS IN TAMIL NADU
Authors: Sivasubramaniyan K. , Rajendran S.
Published: July 2020

India is the fifth largest country in terms of area in the world. It has 3.288 million sq. km. The first four largest countries are: Russia (17.075 m.sq.km); the USA (9.629 m.sq.km); China (9.597 m.sq.km); and Brazil (8.512 m.sq.km). Population wise, India ranks second in the world. As on 18.08.2019 India’s population is 1365.3 million and World population is 7676.6 million (indiastat.com). That is, India has 17.8% of the world population. As far as Tamil Nadu is concerned, its population in 2011 was 72.14 million and it increased to 81.20 million in 2019. As far as the world water resources is concerned, the 29% of land area has one lakh KM3 of fresh water, in which about 60% goes as evaporation annually. The remaining 40%, i.e. 40,000 KM3 goes as run-off by rivers and percolation to groundwater in the world. India’s share is 4% of world supply that is 4000 KM3. It is estimated in India, 51% of precipitation goes as evaporation and the remaining 49% is the annual water resources that is 1953 KM3. This is divided as 1521 KM3 (78%) as surface water and 432 KM3 (22%) as groundwater resource. From this quantum, the annual utilizable water is calculated as 1086 KM3 (690 KM3 as surface water and 396 KM3 as groundwater). However, the present quantity of water use is only 600 KM3 from both surface and groundwater resources. This is only 31% of annual water resources (for details see chart 1). If, available quantity is prudently used India can solve many water related problems.
DETERMINANTS OF URBAN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF GUDER TOWN, WESTERN SHOA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Duguma Amenu Leta , Tolcha Fufa Tesfaye
Published: July 2020

Despite numerous interventions by government and development partners, youth unemployment has remained an intractable challenge in Ethiopia. It creates many social- economic problems in the economy of the country. This study however aimed to identifying the determinants of urban youth unemployment. The study adopted a cross sectional data of urban youth employment-unemployment. The town was purposively selected from the town of west shoa zones. The primary data was collected from 91 sample respondents through interview questionnaire from Guder town proportionally. A descriptive and econometric analysis was employed to meet the main objective of the study. The descriptive analyses results revealed that about 61.5 % of the youth are unemployed while 38.6 % are employed.  Regression results from a binary logit model estimation show that sex, educational level, marital status, skill match and access to credit use of youth are found to be the significant determinants to urban youth unemployment while family prosperity and market information were statistically insignificant to urban youth unemployment in the town. The econometric results suggested the need for the government go aboard on creating jobs through identify employment opportunities and industrialization of agriculture. It also recommended that the government should facilitate formalization of familiar employment which reduces the problem of youth unemployment especially on skilled and educated youth and all secondary schools should have active partnership with employers. As well as government made to increase the availability of initial working capital, the identification of profitable (market gap) business areas and provision of practical training for urban youths to be engaged at their own business.
Evaluación del efecto de importaciones en la oferta de carne de pollo en la región Centro-Este de México
Authors: Rebollar Rebollar Eulogio , Rebollar Rebollar Samuel , Guzman Soria Eugenio , Rebollar Rebollar Alfredo
Published: July 2020

Con el objetivo de determinar la magnitud del efecto de importaciones sobre la oferta de carne de pollo en la región Centro-Este de México, se utilizaron dos modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. La oferta fue la variable dependiente y el precio de la carne de pollo, cerdo, alimento, eficiencia alimenticia e importaciones fueron las explicativas. Los resultados indicaron que las importaciones, incrementaron el volumen de carne de pollo en México; sin y con importaciones, la dinámica de la producción se explicó elástica e inelásticamente por su precio (1.58 y 0.05); inversa e inelásticamente al precio de la carne de cerdo (–0.20 y –0.08), precio del alimento (–0.15 y –0.11) e importaciones (–0.23); directa y elástica a la eficiencia alimenticia con el efecto de importaciones (1.04) pero menos elástica sin importaciones (0.03). Se concluye que con importaciones, la variable que explicó la dinámica de la producción avícola fue la eficiencia alimenticia.
Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Karakter Bangsa : Literature Review
Authors: Hidaya Nurman , Aisna Yasipin
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe decline in the quality of the nation's character is characterized by the number of cases popping up that are not in accordance with norm values such as; rampant corruption, theft, murder, rape and juvenile delinquency cases such as brawls, free sex and drug abuse, to overcome this it is necessary to character education for children from an early age. The purpose of writing to find out how to improve the character of the nation based on Evidence Based. In the process of searching literature, several databases are used such as Pubmed, NCBI, goole shoolar and sciencedirect. It is expected that parents will set an example and instill good character in children and play a useful role playing game and prevent children from seeing unfavorable characters in the environment. With character education will develop the basic potential to be kind, think well, and behave well. Strengthening and building multicultural children's behavior, enhancing the competitive civilization of students in society. Keywork: Parenting, Game Types and Character Building
Peran Orang Tua Karir dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Religiusitas Anak
Authors: Amaliyah Aam
Published: July 2020

The role of parents in education is something that is very important to determine the success of their children's education. Between the role of parents in developing the character of children's religiosity that need to be considered in a child's moral development is mutually sustainable. The attitude of parents must be in accordance with what is taught to children. One of the roles of parents described above is as a motivator or motivator. Motivation in question can be in the form of encouragement to learn. At the time of learning sometimes the child will experience difficulties and decreased enthusiasm. Parents must provide encouragement so that children are more enthusiastic in learning and able to overcome difficulties. Religious character is a human character that always relies on all aspects of life to religion. Making religion a guide and role model in every speech, attitude, and deed, obeying the commands of God and avoiding the prohibition, if we refer to Pancasila, it clearly states that Indonesian people must believe in God Almighty with the consequences of carrying out all the teachings of their religion.
Pergeseran Representasi Hijabista dalam Media Sosial
Authors: Anggia Franceline , Abdullah Irwan
Published: July 2020

Kehadiran hijabista (hijab-fashionista) yang berkancah di media sosial instagram tidak dipungkiri lagi telah banyak mengisi layar gawai. Para hijabista ini kebanyakan merupakan perempuan-perempuan muda (menjelang atau sekitar berusia 30 tahun) yang entah itu meamng berbisnis jilbab atau merupakan sosok berpengaruh (influencer) dalam dunia kecantikan atau dalam dunia mode pakaian Muslim di media sosial instagram. Para perempuan ini, dengan modal sosial dan ekonomi yang dimiliki, nampak tetap mempertahankan nilai-nilai agama dalam hal cara berpakaian bagi perempuan Muslim di samping modifikasi gaya jilbab yang mereka kenakan dan tampilkan dalam koleksi visual profil instagram mereka.
O teatro de Bernardo Santareno
Authors: Botton Fernanda Verdasca , Botton Flavio
Published: July 2020

Estudo sobre várias peças de António Martinho do Rosário, mais conhecido pelo pseudônimo de Bernardo Santareno, que nasceu em Santarém no dia 19 de novembro de 1920 e morreu no hospital Santa Cruz, em Carnaxide, Lisboa, em 30 de agosto de 1980.
A statistical assessment of association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic in 10 countries
Authors: Adeyemi Shola , Yakutcan Usame , Demir Eren
Published: July 2020

Background

Eleven out of 13 published articles reported temperature and humidity as factors that could reduce the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases among many other findings. However, there are significant caveats, related to statistical assumptions and the spatial-temporal nature of the data.

Methods

Associative and causative analyses of data was conducted for 10 countries representing 6 continents of the world, with data obtained between January 22, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Daily confirmed cases, number of deaths, recovered cases, lockdown stringency index, and several meteorological factors are considered. Also, a Granger-Causality test was performed to check if any COVID-19 outcomes are influenced by itself and not by any or combination of maximum temperature, humidity, wind speed and stringency index.

Results

Most of the associations reported in the literature, between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic are weak evidence, need to be interpreted with caution, as most of these articles neglected the temporal spatial nature of the data. Based on our findings, most of the correlations no matter which coefficient is used are mostly and strictly between -0.5 and 0.5, and these are weak correlations. An interesting finding is the correlation between stringency and each of the COVID-19 outcomes, the strongest being between stringency and confirmed cases, 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) P<.0001. Similarly, wind speed is weakly associated with recovery rate, 0.22 (0.16, 0.28) P<.0001. Lastly, the Granger-Causality test of no dependencies was accepted at P=0.1593, suggesting independence among the parameters.

Conclusions

Although many articles reported association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19, they mainly lack strong evidence and clear interpretation of the statistical results (e.g. underlying assumption, confidence intervals, a clear hypothesis). Our findings showed that, without effective control measures, strong outbreaks are likely in more windy climates and summer weather, humidity or warmer temperature will not substantially limit pandemic growth.
Wild Meat Trade Chain on the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pattiselanno Freddy , Lloyd Janice K. F. , Sayer Jeffrey , Boedhihartono Agni Klintuni , Arobaya Agustina Y.S.
Published: July 2020

Wild meat has long been a staple of rural communities in West Papua Province, Indonesia. However, development of commercial networks has resulted in wild meat being increasingly transported in from forests to urban areas. This study describes the structure and operation of the wild meat trade chain along the coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula (BHP) of West Papua, including how wild meat flows from forests to urban areas and contributes to local livelihoods across the trade chain. Commercial networks have developed and wild meat is transported from forests to urban areas and contributes to livelihoods along the entire value chain. A survey was conducted on three groups of hunters: “focal respondents” (N = 220), including “participating hunters” (N = 33); “random respondents” (N = 800); and other actors (“intermediaries” [N = 6], “market traders” [N = 3], and “restaurant owners” [N = 4]) involved in the meat trade. Results indicate that hunting for trade is still a secondary livelihood activity, with more than half of our respondents selling hunted wildlife within their home villages. Hunters, intermediaries, market traders, and restaurant owners are involved in longer-distance wild meat trade and their roles are well defined from hunting to trading. The trade in wild meat along the coast of the BHP mirrors patterns found in other parts of the tropics. Market-oriented hunting that is emerging along the coast of the BHP may increase hunters' dependence on trading, which may increase the number of stakeholders involved. Consequently, wild meat harvest rates may be affected as modern techniques are used to increase the efficiency of hunting. Improving local agriculture productivity may be important to boost incomes and reduce the need to supplement income by selling wild meat. Development and conservation efforts should be focused on creating jobs for remote rural communities and to changing the behavior of wild meat purchasers.
On the Effective Ways of Constructing the Discourse System of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Wang Shaoyuan , Gong Juyan
Published: July 2020

Higher education is an important symbol of state soft power. Constructing the discourse system of higher education with Chinese characteristics is of great significance to build a powerful country in higher education and enhance the international influence of higher education. The main ways to construct the discourse system of higher education with Chinese characteristics are as follows: first, we should take root in China, devote ourselves to the study of the realistic logic and Chinese problems during the development process of higher education in contemporary China and focus on creating new concepts, new categories and new expressions of higher education with originality and identity; the second is to integrate Chinese and Western cultures, realize the transformation of discourse logic of higher education, and demonstrate high-quality concepts of higher education and development models to other countries in the world; the third is to promote the modernization of higher education in an all-around ways with the support of constructing world-class universities and first-class disciplines, obtain discourse power in the academic and policy fields of international higher education, and show the world the Chinese road, Chinese model and Chinese experience during the development of higher education.
Effectiveness of angiotensin receptor inhibitors and non-lysine in functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Ryazanov A. S. , Kapitonov K. I. , Makarovskaya M. V. , Kudryavtsev A. A.
Published: July 2020

Objective: sacubitrile/valsartan is superior to valsartan in modifying functional mitral regurgitation (MR) for the better thanks to the double inhibition of the renin-angiotensin and neprilysin system. Material and methods. This double-blind study randomly assigned sacubitrile/valsartan or valsartan in addition to standard drug therapy for heart failure among 90 patients with heart failure with chronic functional MR (secondary to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction). The primary endpoint was a change in the effective area of the regurgitation hole during the 12-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included changes in the volume of regurgitation, the final systolic volume of the left ventricle, the final diastolic volume of the left ventricle, and the area of incomplete closure of the mitral valves. Results. The decrease in the effective area of the regurgitation hole was significantly more pronounced in the sacubitrile/valsartan group than in the valsartan group (–0.048 ± 0.095 vs –0.012 ± 0.105 cm2; p = 0.032) in the treatment efficacy analysis, which included 90 patients (100%). The regurgitation volume also significantly decreased in the sacubitrile/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group (mean difference –7.3 ml; 95% CI 12.6–1.9; p = 0.009). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding changes in the area of incomplete closure of the mitral valves and LV volumes, with the exception of the index of the final LV diastolic volume (р = 0.044). There were no significant differences in the change in blood pressure between the two treatment groups. Conclusion. Among patients with secondary functional MR, sakubitril/valsartan reduced MR more than valsartan. Thus, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and neprilysin can be considered for optimal drug treatment of patients with heart failure and functional MR.
Cytokine-induced inflammation in anemia in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Tkachenko E. I. , Borovkova N. Y. , Buyanova M. V. , Borovkov N. N.
Published: July 2020

Introduction.Anemic syndrome (AS) is a common pathological condition in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is recognized as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. A particular role is played by pathogenetically associated with CHF anemia. Mechanisms of its occurrence are being studied. An important role belongs to systemic inflammation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD). However, the contribution of cytokine-induced inflammation in patients with heart failure has not yet been fully investigated.Material and methods.A total of 873 cases of patients with CHF were prospectively analyzed on the basis of the cardiology department of the SBHCI NNR «Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. N.A. Semashko». The main group consisted of patients with anemia pathogenetically associated with heart failure (n = 96), the control group (CG) (n = 35) patients with heart failure without anemia. The indicators of ferrokinetics were assessed and the systemic inflammation was compared by indicators of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum hepсidin.Results.Patients of the main group had signs of functional iron deficiency (ID) and significantly higher values of cytokines and hepsidin compared with the CG. The relationship between the level of cytokines and hepsidin with the severity of CHF, hemogobin and chronic kidney disease was revealed.Conclusion.An increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in patients with AS with decompensation of CHF is interrelated with functional ID and a decrease in hemoglobin level. This shows the role of cytokine-induced inflammation in the genesis of anemia in heart failure. The functional state of the kidneys makes a special contribution to these mechanisms. As CKD increases, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in these patients and their relationship with markers (CKD) increase.
The course and survival of patients with liver cirrhosis and acute liver failure on the background of chronic
Authors: Avezov S. A. , Azimova S. M. , Abdulloev M. H.
Published: July 2020

Aims. We comparative investigated the frequency, precipitating factors, lifetimes and predictive factors of survival in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Material and methods. We collected data from 310 hospitalized patients with LC. Patients divided into groups: 1 — patients with compensation of LC; 2 — patients with decompensation of LC, but without organ failure (OF) and 3 — patients with ACLF. Diagnostic criteria for ACLF based on consensus recommendations of EASL. Survival was assessed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. 48 patients with LC reported clinical signs of ACLF. 28-day mortality was in 4,8% of patients without ACLF and in 42,0% of patients with ACLF. 90-day mortality of patients with ACLF was 50% versus 11.6% in patients without ACLF. 6-month survival rate of patients with the development of acute decompensation with organ failure was only 33,3%. The lifetimes of patients with ACLF was only 136,65 ± 18,96 days. The predictive factors of survival of patients with LC and ACLF are: the number of organ failure, indicators of CLIF-SOFA and MELD, Child-Pugh score, degree of hepatic encephalopathy, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercreatininemia and increased INR. Conclusion. The prevalence of ACLF in patients with LC is 15,5% and develops against a background of stable compensated or decompensated CP. The frequent trigger of ACLF is infection, which causes acute decompensation with the development of multiple organ failure and a high incidence of short-term mortality. The 28-day mortality rate in patients with ACLF was 8.7 times greater than the mortality rate in patients with decompensated LC without ACLF.
Characteristics of anthropometric indicators and eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity
Authors: Tagieva F. A.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the characteristics of anthropometric indicators and assessment of eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity. 213 pregnant women with abdominal obesity diagnosed before pregnancy (main group) were monitored. The control group consisted of 80 women who had a normal body mass index before pregnancy. When analyzing the differences in anthropometric indicators between the studied groups of pregnant women, statistically significant differences in the parameters of weight, BMI, OT/O ratio were revealed. The average BMI in pregnant women of the main group was 39,5 ± 0,57 kg/m2, which was 1,6 times higher than in women of the control group. In pregnant women with obesity, the ratio of OT/OB corresponded to 0,90 ± 0,004, which significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in women of the control group. Weight gain after the first pregnancy was indicated by 80 (37,5%) women of the main and 38 (47,5%) — control group. Evaluation of the eating behavior of obese patients showed that the nature of nutrition in almost half (48,0%) of obese women was irrational and excessive (3,8% in the control group), and 12,8% of patients abused various tonic drinks. Obese women are undoubtedly at high risk for developing complications during pregnancy.
Myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease (MINORCA)
Authors: Safonova E. A. , Sukmanova I. A.
Published: July 2020

«MINOCA» (myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries) is a new term in cardiology, which combines a different group of pathological conditions, as a result of which myocardial infarction develops with non-obstructive coronary arteries. The article reveals the etiology and pathogenesis of MINOCA, which is divided into coronarogenic: non-obstructive atherosclerosis, coronary spasm, microvascular dysfunction, coronary artery dissection, muscle bridge and not coranorogenic: myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, thrombophilia, pulmonary embolism. The issues of diagnosis and differential diagnosis attract attention, which determines the further choice of management and treatment tactics. Currently, there are no recommendations for the management and treatment of patients with a diagnosis of MINOCA; accordingly, prevention methods have not been developed. The term «MINOCA» poses a number of questions for us, many of which remain open for further discussion and resolution.
The value of copeptin in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Aliyevа A. M. , Almazova I. I. , Pinchuk T. V. , Resnick E. V. , Fedulaev Yu. N. , Nikitin I. G.
Published: July 2020

Vasopressin and its receptors play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. As a result, the vasopressin system has become an important target for both diagnostic and therapeutic use in a number of diseases. Kopeptin, C-terminal part of vasopressin prohormone. Copeptin has come to be seen as an important marker for identifying high-risk patients and predicting outcomes for various diseases. This improves the clinical value of commonly used biomarkers and risk stratification tools. The area that could benefit most from the introduction of the copeptin measurement in practice is cardiovascular disease. Determination of the level of copeptin becomes a fast and reliable method of differential diagnosis, especially in acute coronary syndromes. A special role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is given to the combination of copeptin and troponin. According to available sources, such a combination eliminates AMI with very high sensitivity and negative predictive value. Moreover, elevated levels of copeptin correlate with poorer prognosis, and a higher risk of side effects after AMI, especially in patients with heart failure.
Clinical and Dynamic Characteristics оf Therapeutic Remissions after Acute Paranoid Psychoses in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Antipsychotics of Various Generations
Authors: Stolyarov S. A.
Published: July 2020

Background: the comparative aspect of the clinical-diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of long-term remissions treated with antipsychotics of various generations in patients with shift-like schizophrenia remains poorly studied and retains scientific and practical actuality. The purpose of the study: a comparative study of the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics of different generations on clinical-psychopathological peculiarities and the dynamics of 2-year remissions after acute paranoid states in patients with shift-like schizophrenia. Patients and methods: 34 female patients (average age made up 26.9 years old) were diagnosed in shift-like schizophrenia with a clinical picture of the attack as acute paranoid syndrome (F20.02 according to ICD-10). 16 patients received treatment with typical neuroleptics (TN), other 18 patients received atypical neuroleptics (ATN). The study was conducted as an open prospective, using clinical-psychopathological, clinical-catamnestic and clinical-psychometric methods. The mental state of patients was assessed four times: upon admission to the hospital in acute psychosis (1 point), when entering remission (2 points), after 1 and 2 years of remission (3 and 4 points). In psychometric assessment was used calculated for 1 patient indices of the main total score of all signs (MTS) and main score of 1 sign (MS) of the PANSS scale and its subscales of positive (P), negative (N) and general psychopathological (G) syndromes. Results: at the end of the active treatment with both types of antipsychotics at the 2 point of assessment, was reduced MS of positive symptoms P+G subscales from 3.3 to 1.7 scores on TN and from 3.8 to 2.2 scores on ATN, with a remission and stabilization of the achieved improvement with reduction of MS at 4 points up to 1.5. MS of negative symptoms by the 2 nd  year of remission on ATN decreased from 2.7 to 2.0 in parallel with the reduction of positive signs by P + G; on TN there was an increase in MS indices of subscale N from 2.3 to 2.7 scores. The assessment of negative disorders is discussed as “secondary” negative due to the phenomenologically is assumed with the symptoms of the positive syndrome and the effects of neurolepsy. Conclusion: TN and ATN exhibit a similar “antipsychotic” effect in the treatment of acute paranoid psychoses in shift-like schizophrenia patients with the formation of long-term high quality remissions, stabilization of degrees of reducted productive psychopathological symptoms and with the absence of the progredience disease. To optimize the therapeutic effect of both types of antipsychotics, it is recommended correction of the regime and the term in transition from active to maintenance therapy and prescription of neurolepsy correctors to reduce severity in the picture of “secondary” negative symptoms.
EEG Features in Adolescent Females with Self-Injurious Behavior in Endogenous Depressions
Authors: Damyanovich E. V. , Iznak E. V. , Oleichik I. V. , Iznak A. F.
Published: July 2020

Background: the study of clinical and neurophysiological aspects of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI), as one of the forms and risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents, including those suffering from mental disorders, is an urgent medical and social scientific task. Objective: To identify the features of EEG in depressive adolescent females with NSSI compared with EEG of age norm. Patients and methods: the study included 60 female patients aged 16–25 years with NSSI in the structure of endogenous depressive conditions, and 20 healthy subjects of the same gender and age. Clinical, psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical methods were used. Topographic EEG mapping revealed differences in the background EEG quantitative parameters of two studied groups. Results and discussion: spectral power values of alpha-2 (9–11 Hz) and alpha-1 (8–9 Hz) EEG frequency components in occipital-parietal and temporal leads, of theta-2 activity (6–8 Hz) in central-parietal leads, as well as of delta activity (2–4 Hz) in frontal and anterior temporal leads were higher in the left hemisphere, reflected increased activation of the right hemisphere. Generalized bilaterally synchronous alpha-theta bursts were registered regularly in EEG of NSSI patients, as well. Conclusions: the spatial distribution of EEG frequency components in depressive patients with NSSI indicates relatively decreased functional state of the cortex, especially of the left hemisphere and of its anterior regions, responsible for voluntary control of activity, with higher level of activation of temporal regions of the right hemisphere, associated with formation of negative emotions, and increased excitability of brain limbic-diencephalic structures, that may underlie poor controlled impulsive behavior.
Evidence-Based Psychiatry: Paraclinical Diagnostics of Asthenic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Based on the Determination of Leukocyte-Inhibitory Index
Authors: Simonov A. N. , Klyushnik T. P. , Zozulya S. A.
Published: July 2020

A leukocyte-inhibitory index (LII) is the ratio of the proteolytic enzyme leukocyte elastase (LE) to its inhibitor, an α1- proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI). LII characterizes the activity of the proteolytic system and can be considered as a potential objective criterion that determines both the course and the outcome of the disease. The changes of LII in schizophrenia patients with clinically diagnosed asthenia (schizoasthenia) and patients with schizophrenia without clinical signs of this syndrome were revealed.The objective:to study the possibility of the 95% confidence intervals for a comparative assessment of LII in patients with schizoasthenia and patients with schizophrenia without clinical signs of asthenic syndrome to obtain correct statistical conclusions.Patients and methods:Overall, 95 patients aged 20–55 years with paroxysmal-progressive (F20.x1) and paranoid (F20.00) schizophrenia were examined: 61 patients in the total sample were clinically diagnosed with asthenic symptom-complex. The enzymatic activity of LE and the functional activity of α1-PI were determined in blood serum. LII was calculated according to the formula. The confidence intervals were built using 4 different methods: Fieller’s theorem, delta method, regression methods and bootstrap method.Results:the statistical analysis indicates that the 95% confidence intervals of these indicators for the examined patient groups do not overlap. Therefore, these indicators relate to different populations, which mean the examined groups are characterized by different variants of the ratio of the proteolytic system components.Conclusion:the assessment of LII can serve as an objective statistically correct criterion for presence or absence of asthenic disorder in patients with schizophrenia in addition to clinical examination.
Nosological Dilemma and Clinical Polymorphism of the Catatonia Phenomenon
Authors: Borisova P. O.
Published: July 2020

Objective:to provide the description of researchers’ views evolution and provide the review of modern scientific literature on nosological affiliation and clinical features of catatonia.Material and methods:Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY databases were searched for literature (44 000 papers) using the keyword ‘catatonia‘. Based on the selection criteria, the search has been found the clinical cases, cohort and random studies, dedicated to psychopathologic description of catatonia, accompanied by affective disorders, autism and hysteria. 50 papers issued between 2000 and 2020 were selected for the analysis.Conclusions:catatonia, traditionally treated as a symptom of schizophrenia, currently is predominantly interpreted as a “transnosological syndrome”, which accompanies various (both mental and somatic) diseases. The clinical manifestations of catatonia in affective disorders, autism and hysteria have their own distinctive features, also the presence of catatonic symptoms is associated with a greater severity of the underlying disease, low quality of remissions, which explains why the experts are wary of the endogenic factors.
Socio-Psychological Factors of Compliance of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Alieva L. M. , Solokhina T. A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:analysis of the literature on the influence of socio-psychological factors on the complimentary behavior of patients with schizophrenia.Material:according to the keywords “schizophrenia”, “compliance”, “adherence to treatment”, “awareness of the disease”, “psychological factors”, “social factors”, “psycho-education”, “family therapy”, articles of domestic and foreign authors were selected and studied, devoted to the problem of compliance with schizophrenia patients and published in the last two decades. To compile a literature review, articles in the MedLine/PubMed, eLIBRARY, databases were selected and analyzed, relevant links in the literature lists of the analyzed articles.Discussion:analysis of publications showed that at present, numerous factors have been identified that affect the compliant behavior of schizophrenia patients, among which factors associated with the clinical picture of the disease, cultural and religious characteristics of individuals, medication, the organization of medical care, and many others have been identified. The article most thoroughly discusses the socio-psychological factors of schizophrenia patients’ compliance — the internal picture of the disease, the emotional response of the patient and his relatives to the disease, the therapeutic alliance with specialists of the psychiatric service and a number of other factors. The relationship of the schizophrenia patients’ compliance with their cognitive, emotional and motivational-behavioral spheres of personality was considered.Conclusion:compliance of patients with schizophrenia can improve the combination of drug therapy with psychoeducational work. A psychoeducation program should be available to most of them. Given the influence of relatives on the formation of compliance with schizophrenia patients, it is necessary to include family therapy in treatment and rehabilitation programs of psychiatric institutions.
7th European Conference on Schizophrenia Research
Authors: Abdullina E. G. , Rupchev G. E. , Tkhostov A. Sh.
Published: July 2020

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Psychological Methods of Chronic Non-Speciﬁc Pain Treatment
Authors: Kuzminova T. I. , Mukhametzyanova A. Kh. , Magomedkerimova L. V.
Published: July 2020

Psychological treatment methods can be used to reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome, the inﬂuence of psychological, social factors, comorbide disorders, and to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic back pain (CPS, i.e. chronical pain syndrome). The methods of assessing the psychological state, the eﬀectiveness of various psychological methods are discussed. It is noted that the eﬀectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness (mindfulness therapy), relaxation method and biofeedback is conﬁrmed by the results of randomized controlled studies for CPS. Psychological methods of treatment for pain should be widely used in the management of patients with CPS.
One structure, multiple features: The phycocyanin in biotechnology
Authors: CHENTIR Imene , NASRI Moncef
Published: July 2020

Phycocyanine (PC) is a water-soluble, non-toxic and bioactive (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, etc.) phycobiliprotein isolated, mainly, from cyanobacteria. Due to its several properties, PC is considered to be a rising biomolecule for Industrial exploitation, and has become an important research axis in order to promote its production, and optimize its biotechnological applications. The aim of this review article was to discuss the basic, and recent properties and applications of PC, and to bring together data on various aspects of PC stabilization, and PC nanopar-ticles formulation. In addition, an overview of the main structural characteristics and process-ses of PC extraction and purification were also discussed. The recent scientific research findings concluded that PC is a promising both functional, and bioactive additive in industry, especially, in food as a dye, in imaging as a fluorescent labeling agent, and in the phar-maceutical and nano-pharmaceutical field as a bioactive molecule and nanopar-ticles, particularly, due to it antitumor capacity. Phycocyanine is, thus, a promising bio-active molecules in pharmacological, and medical fields.
Complex restoration of operation surfaces in large-sized products operated under conditions of chemical-biological and abrasive environment
Authors: Vityaz Petr , Kheyfets Mikhail , Gretsky Nikolai , Hil'ko Dmitriy
Published: July 2020

A complex approach to large-sized parts restoration is shown. There are shown methods developed for parts operation surface restoration depending on a wear degree. There are presented modern technologies and equipment for worn-out surface diagnostics. A method for layer-by-layer restoration and large-sized parts worn-out surface strengthening during product major repair is described. Basic recommendations on operation to increase auger shaft life are given.