bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E- Learning experience of the medical profession’s college students during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Zahrani Eidan M. , Al Naam Yaser A. , AlRabeeah Saad M. , Aldossary Deemah N. , Al-Jamea Lamiaa H. , Woodman Alexander , Shawaheen Mohammad , Altiti Osama , Quiambao Jenifer V. , Arulanantham Zechariah J. , Elsafi Salah H.
Published: August 2021

Background

Worldwide, most of educational institutions have moved to online electronic learning methods because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 8, 2020, the Saudi Ministry of Education announced remote learning for public and private schools and universities as a preventive and precautionary measure to curb the spread of the coronavirus. The objective of this study was to explore the e-learning experience of the students of the colleges of health sciences with regard to the technical preparedness, academic achievements, e-learning advantages and limitations. A well-structured and validated questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale and open-ended questions about their e-learning experience was distributed to a heterogeneous purposive sample of the health sciences students in Saudi Arabian universities.

Results

Of the 1288 respondents, of various demographical features a relatively higher proportion of 58.2 % agreed that they had enough information about the online learning. However, the proportion who reported receiving adequate guidance, technical support, and having satisfactory hardware and internet access to online learning were 48.1 %, 42, and 35.4 %, respectively. Of all participants, 40.8 % agreed that they had gained a good understanding of their courses learning outcomes. Only 30.0 % agreed that the quality of the online teaching was similar to traditional classes and 56.1 % agreed that the online learning is unsuitable for the medical sciences studies.

E-learning advantages mentioned were the flexible accessibility of the learning materials, time, effort, and money saving, acquiring and improving technical and self-learning skills, health safety, interaction without shyness, and better academic accomplishment. On the other hand, disadvantages and difficulties included inadequate tools to facilitate online learning, poor internet connection, lack of technological skills by the educators and students. In addition, there was inadequate or lack of practical classes, lack of a unified clear policy for the conduct of online classes and exams and grade distribution, limited online exam time.

Conclusions

The sudden shift to e-learning without prior preparedness has revealed some pitfalls that need to be adjusted. The initial findings were considered satisfactory for such a new experience for both learners and students. However, there is a great chance for improving and expanding the e-learning process.
Untargeted metabolomic approach to study the serum metabolites in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yu Ying , Tan Panli , Zhuang Zhenchao , Wang Zhejiong , Zhu Linchao , Qiu Ruyi , Xu Huaxi
Published: August 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not only a kind of common endocrine syndrome but also a metabolic disorder, which harms the reproductive system and the whole body metabolism of the PCOS patients worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in serum metabolic profiles of the patients with PCOS compared to the healthy controls.

Material and methods

31 PCOS patients and 31 matched healthy female controls were recruited in this study, the clinical characteristics data were recorded, the laboratory biochemical data were detected. Then, we utilized the metabolomics approach by UPLC-HRMS technology to study the serum metabolic changes between PCOS and controls.

Results

The metabolomics analysis showed that there were 68 downregulated and 78 upregulated metabolites in PCOS patients serum compared to those in the controls. These metabolites mainly belong to triacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines, acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, peptides, amino acids, glycerophosphoethanolamines and fatty acid. Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were enriched in pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, ether lipid metabolism, etc. Diagnosis value assessed by ROC analysis showed that the changed metabolites, including Leu–Ala/Ile–Ala, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, Ile–Val/Leu–Val, Gly–Val/Val–Gly, aspartic acid, DG(34:2)_DG(16:0/18:2), DG(34:1)_DG(16:0/18:1), Phe–Trp, DG(36:1)_DG(18:0/18:1), Leu–Leu/Leu–Ile, had higher AUC values, indicated a significant role in PCOS.

Conclusion

The present study characterized the difference of serum metabolites and related pathway profiles in PCOS patients, this finding hopes to provide potential metabolic markers for the prognosis and diagnosis of this disease.
Linkage of microbial living communities and residues to soil organic carbon accumulation along a forest restoration gradient in southern China
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Deng Qi , Wang Ying-Ping , Chen Ji , Yu Mengxiao , Fang Xi , He Hongbo , Chen Jinlei , Xu Pingping , Wang Shenhua , Yan Junhua
Published: August 2021

Background

Forest restoration has been considered an effective method to increase soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas it remains unclear whether long-term forest restoration will continuously increase SOC. Such large uncertainties may be mainly due to the limited knowledge on how soil microorganisms will contribute to SOC accumulation over time.

Methods

We simultaneously documented SOC, total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and amino sugars (AS) content across a forest restoration gradient with average stand ages of 14, 49, 70, and > 90 years in southern China.

Results

The SOC and AS continuously increased with stand age. The ratio of fungal PLFAs to bacterial PLFAs showed no change with stand age, while the ratio of fungal AS to bacterial AS significantly increased. The total microbial residue-carbon (AS-C) accounted for 0.95–1.66 % in SOC across all forest restoration stages, with significantly higher in fungal residue-C (0.68–1.19 %) than bacterial residue-C (0.05–0.11 %). Furthermore, the contribution of total AS-C to SOC was positively correlated with clay content at 0–10 cm soil layer but negatively related to clay content at 10–20 cm soil layer.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the significant contribution of AS-C to SOC accumulation along forest restoration stages, with divergent contributions from fungal residues and bacterial residues. Soil clay content with stand age significantly affects the divergent contributions of AS-C to SOC at two different soil layers.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of Urban Areas: Logistic Regression and Sensitivity Analysis applied to Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Puente-Sotomayor Fernando , Mustafa Ahmed , Teller Jacques
Published: August 2021

Although the Andean region is one of the most landslide-susceptible areas in the world, limited attention has been devoted to the topic in this context in terms of research, risk reduction practice, and urban policy. Based on the collection of landslides data of the Andean city of Quito, Ecuador, this article aims to explore the predictive power of a binary logistic regression model (LOGIT) to test secondary data and an official multicriteria evaluation model for landslide susceptibility in this urban area. Cell size resampling scenarios were explored as a parameter, as the inclusion of new “urban” factors. Furthermore, two types of sensitivity analysis (SA), univariate and Monte Carlo methods, were applied to improve the calibration of the LOGIT model. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test was included to measure the classification power of the models. Charts of the three SA methods helped to visualize the sensitivity of factors in the models. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was a common metric for validation in this research. Among the ten factors included in the model to help explain landslide susceptibility in the context of Quito, results showed that population and street/road density, as novel “urban factors”, have relevant predicting power for landslide susceptibility in urban areas when adopting data standardization based on weights assigned by experts. The LOGIT was validated with an AUC of 0.79. Sensitivity analyses suggested that calibrations of the best-performance reference model would improve its AUC by up to 0.53%. Further experimentation regarding other methods of data pre-processing and a finer level of disaggregation of input data are suggested. In terms of policy design, the LOGIT model coefficient values suggest the need for a deep analysis of the impacts of urban features, such as population, road density, building footprint, and floor area, at a household scale, on the generation of landslide susceptibility in Andean cities such as Quito. This would help improve the zoning for landslide risk reduction, considering the safety, social and economic impacts that this practice may produce.
A systematic review of qualitative literature on antimicrobial stewardship in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Porter George James , Owens Stephen , Breckons Matthew
Published: August 2021

Background

Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in every region of the globe and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is no exception. Several systematic reviews have addressed the prevalence of resistant organisms but few have examined the underlying causes in this region. This systematic review of qualitative literature aims to highlight barriers and facilitators to antimicrobial stewardship in SSA.

Methods

A literature search of Embase and MEDLINE(R) was carried out. Studies were included if they were in English, conducted in SSA, and reported qualitative data on the barriers and facilitators of antimicrobial stewardship or on attitudes towards resistance promoting behaviours. Studies were screened with a simple critical appraisal tool. Secondary constructs were extracted and coded into concepts, which were then reviewed and grouped into themes in light of the complete dataset.

Results

The literature search yielded 169 results, of which 14 studies from 11 countries were included in the final analysis. No studies were excluded as a result of the critical appraisal. Eight concepts emerged from initial coding, which were consolidated into five major themes: ineffective regulation, health system factors, clinical governance, patient factors and lack of resources. The ineffective regulation theme highlighted the balance between tightening drugstore regulation, reducing over-the-counter sale of antibiotics, and maintaining access to medicines for rural communities. Meanwhile, health system factors explored the tension between antimicrobial stewardship and the need of pharmacy workers to maintain profitable businesses. Additionally, a lack of resources, actions by patients and the day-to-day challenges of providing healthcare were shown to directly impede antimicrobial stewardship and exacerbate other factors which promote resistance.

Conclusion

Antibiotic resistance in SSA is a multi-faceted issue and while limited resources contribute to the problem they should be viewed in the context of other factors. We identify several contextual factors that affect resistance and stewardship that should be considered by policy makers when planning interventions. This literature base is also incomplete, with only 11 nations accounted for and many studies being confined to regions within countries, so more research is needed. Specifically, further studies on implementing stewardship interventions, successful or not, would be beneficial to inform future efforts.
Are we withholding the most effective treatment for severe depression from our patients?
Authors: McGilloway Angela
Published: August 2021

In response to an article on recent advances in the use of ECT for depression, this commentary supports earlier and more extensive use of the treatment. It challenges the belief that ECT is associated with a higher risk of cognitive deficits and mortality and points out its rapid effect compared with antidepressant medication. It calls for clinicians to remain up to date regarding ECT and consider its opportune use in severe depression.
Augmenting Real-World Data Through Modeling Key Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria: An Example of Patients With Non–small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Pembrolizumab
Authors: Jemielita Thomas , Li Xiaoyun (Nicole) , Burke Thomas , Liaw Kai-Li , Zhou Wei , Chen Cong
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

To compare and characterize baseline characteristics and overall survival (OS) differences by key oncology eligibility criteria for real-world patients from the Flatiron Health database with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received pembrolizumab monotherapy.

METHODS

Real world data (RWD) were from the Flatiron Health advanced NSCLC database and include patients who initiated pembrolizumab monotherapy (first, second, or third line of therapy) by November 30, 2019. At the data cutoff (May 31, 2020), the median survival follow-up time was 8.4 months. Eligible patients satisfy the criteria of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1 and laboratory values indicative of adequate organ function. RWD were analyzed for all patients and patients with a programmed cell death ligand-1 tumor proportion score ≥ 1%. Patients were divided into three categories: ineligible, eligible, and unknown (who satisfy all observed criteria, with at least one missing). An augmented population was also formed, which combines the latter two groups through a propensity-based adjustment.

RESULTS

At the data cutoff, N = 3,877 patients with NSCLC received pembrolizumab monotherapy (1L = 2,682, 2L = 946, and 3L = 249). OS was consistently lower for the ineligible with similar survival for the eligible and augmented. Among all patients, the median OS in months (95% CI) was 8.2 (7.5 to 9.6), 16.3 (14.5 to 18.4), 16.4 (15.1 to 19.3), and 16.8 (15.6 to 18.5) for the ineligible (47%, n = 1,827), unknown (27%, n = 1,045), eligible (26%, n = 1,005), and augmented, respectively. The results were similar for patients with a programmed cell death ligand-1 tumor proportion score ≥ 1%.

CONCLUSION

Real-world patients who received pembrolizumab monotherapy and meet key clinical eligibility criteria exhibited similar baseline characteristics and OS profiles as the unknown and augmented patient groups. Population augmentation is a feasible approach for improving the power of RWD analysis.
Online Platform to Assess Complex Social Relationships and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Poudel Pragya G. , Bauer Hailey E. , Srivastava D. Kumar , Krull Kevin R. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Wang Zhaoming , Huang I-Chan
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

Social integration and relationship issues have been understudied among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. This study compared social relationships (social networks, support, and isolation) between AYA cancer survivors and noncancer controls, and identified social integration mechanisms through which the cancer experience influences patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred two AYA cancer survivors and 102 age, sex, and race-matched noncancer controls from a national Internet panel completed an online survey to identify up to 25 of closest friends and relatives whom they have contacted within the past 2 years. Participants' interpersonal connections were used to create a social network index. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and PROMIS-29 Profile were used to measure social support, perceived isolation or loneliness, and PROs (physical functioning, pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression domains), respectively. Path analysis tested effects of cancer experience on PROs using serial social relationship variables as mediators.

RESULTS

Compared with controls, survivors of lymphoma, leukemia, and solid tumor had better social networks; however, survivors of solid tumor and central nervous system malignancies had higher perceived loneliness (all P values < .05). Cancer experience was directly associated with poor PROs ( P values < .05 for all domains except fatigue) and indirectly associated through the social network-support-loneliness pathway (all P values < .05). Survivors with higher loneliness had lower physical functioning and higher pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression versus controls with lower loneliness (all P values < .05).

CONCLUSION

Compared with controls, survivors were more socially connected but experienced greater loneliness, which was associated with poorer PROs. Screening social integration issues during follow-up care and providing appropriate interventions are warranted.
Impact of a short-time exposure to different temperatures on wakening time of Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae)
Authors: Książkiewicz-Parulska Zofia
Published: August 2021

I checked experimentally how a short-time exposure to different temperatures: 1 °C, 24 °C and 34 °C in a high humidity affects wakening time of Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud). The snails were exposed to experimental conditions for 48 hours (each snail in a separate test tube, provided with food and a source of calcium). After that time, all the individuals were transferred to room temperature (24 °C) for counting the time needed for wakening. The shortest wakening time was noted for snails kept at 1 °C, the longest – for snails kept at room temperature of 24 °C.
Growth monitoring and mortality risk in low birthweight infants: a birth cohort study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mwangome Martha , Ngari Moses , Bahwere Paluku , Kabore Patrick , McGrath Marie , Berkley James A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Wasting and underweight in infancy is an increasingly recognised problem but consensus on optimum assessment is lacking.  In particular, there is uncertainty on how to interpret anthropometry among low birth weight (LBW) infants who may be growing normally. This research aimed to determine growth of infants from birth to two months (around age of vaccination) and the mortality risk of underweight LBW infants compared to normal birth weight (NBW) infants at two and six months age.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a birth cohort of 1103 infants in Burkina Faso was conducted. Anthropometry was performed monthly from 0 to 12 months. We assessed associations with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and assessed discriminatory values using area under receiver operating characteristics curves.

Results: Eighty-six (7.8%) children died by age one year, 26/86 (30%) and 51/86 (59%) within two and six months, respectively. At age two months, weight gain since birth did not better discriminate mortality risk than current weight-for-age (P=0.72) or mid-upper arm circumference (P=0.21). In total, 227 (21%) LBW infants had increased risk of mortality: adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 3.30 (95%CI 2.09 to 4.90).  Among infants who were underweight at two and six months, LBW infants (64% and 49%, respectively) were not at reduced risk of death compared to NBW infants (aHR 2.63 (95%CI 0.76 to 9.15) and 2.43 (95%CI 0.74 to 7.98), respectively).

Conclusion: Assessing weight gain since birth does not offer advantages over immediate anthropometry for discriminating mortality risk. LBW infants who are later identified as underweight require care to help prevent mortality.
Argumenty i rozumowania prawnicze w konstytucyjnym państwie prawa: Komentarz
Authors: Grabowski Andrzej
Published: August 2021

LEGAL ARGUMENTS AND REASONING IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-GOVERNED STATE: THE COMMENTARY The interdisciplinary research on legal argumentation presented in this volume, entitled Legal Arguments and Reasoning in the Constitutional Law-governed State: The Commentary (edited by Monika Florczak-Wątor and Andrzej Grabowski), is primarily inspired by the theory of constitutional law-governed state developed in Italy, Spain, and Latin American countries, by scholars proposing doctrines of positivist or postpositivist constitutionalism and neoconstitutionalism. As explained by Andrzej Grabowski in the “Introduction” [pp. 23–29], the theory is focused first and foremost on legal reasoning as it is conducted in the process of judicial law application and with particular stress on how it is affected by constitutional norms and values. Legal theory on its own does not seem to possess sufficient means to examine legal reasoning in constitutional law-governed states adequately—such an endeavour might be done far better with the help of dogmatics of constitutional law. Hence, this commentary on 91 arguments, topoi, and legal reasoning schemata result from the research team’s joint efforts composed of 18 legal theorists and constitutionalists.
Combinatorial Heuristics for Inventory Routing Problems
Authors: Tang Ziye , Jiao Yang , Ravi R.
Published: August 2021

We consider the deterministic inventory routing problem over a discrete finite time horizon. Given clients on a metric, each with daily demands that must be delivered from a depot and holding costs over the planning horizon, an optimal solution selects a set of daily tours through a subset of clients to deliver all demands before they are due and minimizes the total holding and tour routing costs over the horizon. In the capacitated case, a limited number of vehicles are available, where each vehicle makes at most one trip per day. Each trip from the depot is allowed to carry a limited amount of supply to deliver. We develop fast heuristics for both cases by solving a family of prize-collecting Steiner tree instances. Computational experiments show our heuristics can find near-optimal solutions for both cases and substantially reduce the runtime compared with a pure mixed integer programming formulation approach.
Leveraging Private Enterprise: Incubation of New Industries to Address the Public Sector’s Mission-Oriented Grand Challenges
Authors: Agarwal Rajshree , Kim Seojin , Moeen Mahka
Published: August 2021

We examine how mission-oriented grand challenges—formed to address the public sector’s unmet needs through development of new technologies and products for high potential impact—originate and catalyze industry incubation. Our analysis of six prominent cases identifies the incubation process, consisting of identification of unmet needs as a grand challenge, championing and articulation of a mission, leverage of private enterprise, and success or failure of the mission for subsequent industry emergence. The resulting conceptual model highlights key similarities and differences of industry incubation stemming from the public sector’s mission-oriented grand challenges relative to industries triggered by scientific discoveries or unmet user needs where the public sector is not as salient. The analysis reveals successful outcomes are associated with the public sector’s goal setting and carrying out “market functions” pertaining to selection, coordination, and knowledge sharing. We also provide cautions and caveats regarding fault lines that may arise in public-private partnerships.
O Direito Romano Tardo-antigo: rupturas e permanências de um elemento constitutivo da Antiguidade Tardia
Authors: Boamorte Lucas Otávio
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo busca compreender como o Direito Romano se constitui no fim do Império Romano do Ocidente e como ele reverbera em uma concepção de Antiguidade Tardia, sendo ele um elemento constitutivo deste período marcado por transformações. Seguindo esta premissa, discute-se como a teoria dos estratos do tempo de Koselleck contribui nas discussões sobre o conceito de Antiguidade Tardia e se debruça a respeito da Tradição Romanística e as recuperações do direito romano ao longo da história. Por fim, com o movimento codificador germânico é possível atestar a consolidação de uma Antiguidade Tardia do Direito.
A presença da ideia de lei eterna nas obras de D. Álvaro Pais e Egídio Romano
Authors: Freire da Costa Carlos Thadeu
Published: August 2021

Analisando as obras, Estado e Pranto da Igreja e Sobre o Poder Eclesiástico, de Álvaro Pais e Egídio Romano respectivamente, o artigo observa se é possível dizermos que nestas obras encontramos a ideia de lei eterna, ou seja, aquela que conduz o mundo e as relações humanas, conforme pensado por São Tomás. Após isto, o artigo encerra-se com uma reflexão sobre como os intelectuais medievais, através da ideia de lei dada pela providência, defendiam diferentes projetos de sociedades cristãs.
D. Dinis e o processo de pacificação com o clero: o estabelecimento das concordatas no reino português
Authors: Luiz Láisson Menezes
Published: August 2021

Quando o monarca português D. Dinis (1279-1325) assumiu o trono, encontrou um reino em crise devido às discordias dos monarcas anteriores com o poder eclesiástico. Os problemas com o clero foram pacificados com o estabelecimento das Concordatas em 1289. Portanto, depois de vários anos de conflitos, D. Dinis foi o monarca que, conseguiu atenuar as relações entre o a coroa e o clero.
A educação especial e inclusiva no ensino de química: um mapeamento de teses e dissertações no período de 2009 a 2019
Authors: Silva Rafael Soares , Amaral Carmem Lúcia Costa
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo apresenta o resultado de um mapeamento de pesquisas acadêmicas com foco em Educação Inclusiva no Ensino de Química no contexto da Deficiência Visual. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas as dissertações e teses publicadas no banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações no período de 2009 a 2019. O objetivo desse mapeamento foi conhecer como os pesquisadores da área de Ensino de Química estão desenvolvendo suas práticas com esse público. Foram encontrados nos dois bancos de dados 22 produções acadêmicas, sendo 2 teses e 20 dissertações. Os resultados evidenciaram que as pesquisas relacionadas a esse tema ainda se apresentam tímidas e destacam em sua maioria as dificuldades e os desafios dos professores em atuarem com alunos com deficiência visual.
Programa de comunicação alternativa tátil: comunicação por meio de conexões táteis
Authors: Dos Santos Moreira Flavia Daniela
Published: August 2021

Crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual lutam diariamente para comunicar necessidades e interesses e como ainda não se expressam de modo funcional, usam modalidades comunicativas informais e idiossincráticas, chamadas de atos comunicativos. Por essa razão, esse texto tem como objetivo apresentar os benefícios do PACT – Programa de Comunicação Alternativa Tátil, desenvolvido para crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual, sendo proveniente de uma pesquisa de doutorado. Por ser um estudo inédito, pretende-se divulgar o assunto entre outros professores e instigar uma reflexão sobre a utilização desse programa com outras crianças e em outros contextos, a fim de favorecer a comunicação de quem não se comunica de modo funcional e depende do tato para estabelecer conexões e se comunicar com os outros.
A concepção do conselho escolar sobre a gestão democrática no contexto da educação quilombola
Authors: SILVA Rosângela Maria de Nazaré , Santos Raquel Amorim dos , SILVA Valdecira Carvalho
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a concepção do Conselho Escolar sobre gestão democrática no contexto da Educação Escolar Quilombola nas comunidades quilombolas de Jurrussaca e Torres em Tracuateua no Nordeste do Pará. O estudo é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. A técnica de coleta foi o questionário semiestruturado. A amostragem foi constituída de 10 (dez) representantes do Conselho Escolar da Escola Municipal de Ed. Inf. de Ensino Fundamental Ludovino Antônio Araújo na comunidade quilombola do Jurrussaca e Escola Municipal de Ed. Inf. E Ensino Fundamental Antônio Rosa na comunidade quilombola do Torres em Tracuateua-PA. Os principais resultados revelam que a concepção do Conselho Escolar sobre gestão democrática na Educação Escolar Quilombola está pautada na busca de mecanismos e condições para que espaços de participação, partilhamento e descentralização do poder ocorram.
Estratégias para a participação de alunos com transtorno do espectro autista em aulas de educação física
Authors: Fiorini Maria Luiza Salzani , Manzini Eduardo José
Published: August 2021

Atendo-se à inclusão escolar de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em aulas de Educação Física, as pesquisas indicam que há consideráveis informações sobre as dificuldades dos professores de Educação Física (PEF), bem como, o que o PEF poderia fazer quando há um aluno com TEA em aula. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre as estratégias que os PEF usam em relação a esse aluno. Assim, objetivou-se identificar e descrever as estratégias de professores de Educação Física para promover a participação de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista nas aulas. Três PEF do Ensino Fundamental (1° ao 5° ano) e a respectiva turma em que havia um aluno com TEA participaram do estudo. Quatro filmagens de aulas de Educação Física foram realizadas em cada turma. As filmagens foram analisadas a partir da Análise Microgenética. Os PEF utilizaram quatro tipos de estratégias: 1) que antecedem o ensino; 2) para explicação e suporte durante a atividade; 3) que decorrem da ação do aluno; e, 4) para o comportamento emocional do aluno. Conclui-se que as estratégias utilizadas pelos PEF se modificaram por meio da interação com alunos. Em determinadas situações uma estratégia foi suficiente, mas em outras, duas ou mais estratégias foram necessárias. Não houve linearidade quanto aos tipos de estratégias, com exceção das estratégias que antecedem o ensino.
Programa talento metrópole: novas trajetórias de desenvolvimento para jovens com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Reis Juliana Teixeira da Camara , Felinto Priscila Magalhães Barros , Hazin Izabel
Published: August 2021

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto de um programa do Programa Talento Metrópole (IMD-UFRN), a qual visa desenvolver o interesse de jovens com altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/S) em pesquisa científica, além da ampliação das competências e habilidades, expansão da criatividade no campo da Tecnologia da Informação e suas interfaces com outras áreas do conhecimento, visando a inovação e o empreendedorismo. Trata-se de um estudo multicasos, e contou com a participação de três sujeitos com idades de 18 e 24 anos, de ambos os sexos. O levantamento de dados se deu a partir de diferentes meios: entrevistas semiestruturadas, registros de observações comportamentais realizadas no contexto do programa, avaliação da inteligência e criatividade. As análises dos casos evidenciaram pontos de convergência e divergência entre os jovens, no que diz respeito a identificação da inadequação ao modelo escolar, (público e privado); sofrimento psíquico; dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais em razão da ausência de suporte às suas necessidades educacionais especiais, sendo a desmotivação, a queixa mais presente. Desse modo, programas de intervenção e enriquecimento, podem possibilitar ambientes e oportunidades, que proporcionem atividades focadas nos interesses e necessidades dos sujeitos, de acordo com as diferentes formas de expressão das AH/S, um cenário adequado é fundamental para a produção criativa, e desenvolvimento satisfatório, proporcionando assim, a inserção social e profissional satisfatória e que poderá trazer impactos relevantes para a sociedade.
Práticas pedagógicas inclusivas e processos de apropriação da linguagem escrita
Authors: Freitas Ana Paula de , Dainez Débora , Carvalho Claudia Adriana Silva de Mello
Published: August 2021

Este artigo aborda a temática das práticas pedagógicas alfabetizadoras e inclusivas e visa investigar o processo de apropriação da linguagem escrita e as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de um aluno com hipótese diagnóstica de deficiência intelectual matriculado no segundo ano do ensino fundamental da educação básica. Fundamenta-se teórica e metodologicamente na perspectiva histórico-cultural e as análises das situações de sala de aula permitem argumentar que as práticas alfabetizadoras integram a situação social de desenvolvimento, possibilitando a constituição de novas formações psíquicas. Considera-se que as propostas de ensino da linguagem escrita devem priorizar as crianças e suas vivências, as múltiplas relações que ela estabelece com a linguagem e as situações enunciativas que englobam os aspectos formais e a produção de sentidos.
Lower limb reconstruction for malignant bone tumours in children
Authors: Wirth Thomas , Manfrini Marco , Mascard Eric
Published: August 2021

Malignant bone tumours of the lower limb represent the majority of cases in both osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma in the growth period. Surgical treatment represents a key element of treatment. Different localizations and age groups require a differentiated surgical approach. Life and limb salvage are first on the list of treatment goals, followed by functional and cosmetic considerations. This review article delivers and discusses current surgical treatment strategies and outcomes for lower limb malignant bone tumours in children.
Reconstruction for bone tumours of the shoulder and humerus in children and adolescents
Authors: Hopyan Sevan
Published: August 2021

Reconstructions for paediatric bone tumours of the shoulder girdle and humerus are intended to optimize placement of the hand in space. Given the longevity of paediatric survivors of sarcoma, durability is an important planning consideration. Here, I review a subset of approaches based on anatomical site with an emphasis on function and longevity. Often, biological reconstructions that combine living bone with tendon repairs and transfers best address those goals.
Where is the nerve? Review of operation note documentation practice for inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Farquharson BJ , Sivarajah V , Mahdi S , Bergman H , Jeyarajah S
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Careful identification and management of inguinal nerves during inguinal hernia repair is important to avoid iatrogenic injury. Documentation of this practice may inform postoperative clinical management. We set out to investigate how often surgeons identify inguinal nerves and document findings and management in their operation notes.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective review of operation notes at a single district general hospital. We analysed operation notes for documentation of identification and intraoperative management (preservation or sacrifice) of the inguinal nerves (iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve). We collected data on the baseline characteristics of the patients, hernia characteristics and primary operating surgeons for subgroup analysis.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. Identification of any inguinal nerves (generic ‘nerve’) was documented in 17% of operation notes. Documentation in the operation notes of named individual nerves was limited. No documentation of intraoperative management of inguinal nerves was found in 83% of operation notes. Preservation of the inguinal nerves (generic ‘nerve’) was recorded in 8% and sacrifice recorded in 9% of cases. Subgroup analysis revealed similar incidence of documentation of identification and management of inguinal nerves across grades of primary surgeon, with overall incidence low for all grades.

Conclusion

This study reveals a lack of appreciation of the importance of documenting identification and management of inguinal nerves in operation notes. Further consideration of the potential implications of poor documentation would be beneficial to improve standards.
Gait instability may indicate liner failure in patients with total hip arthroplasty. A report of three cases
Authors: Díaz-Dilernia F , Lattore MR , Zanotti G , Comba F , Piccaluga F , Buttaro M
Published: August 2021

Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most common and successful orthopaedic procedures performed worldwide. Uncemented modular acetabular components and highly cross-linked polyethylene liners are the implants of choice for most arthroplasty surgeons. However, despite their well-known benefits, highly cross-linked polyethylene liners are not without complications, such as rim fracture, rupture and dissociation. We report three patients with gait instability and radiographic subluxation due to highly cross-linked polyethylene liner failures evidenced during stage one revision surgery. The three patients were symptoms free, with no new instability episodes, and the radiographs showed no evidence of implant loosening at the most recent follow-up. Although it is a rare complication, these three cases highlight the importance of suspecting and evaluating highly cross-linked polyethylene liner failures in patients referred for gait instability with no history of previous trauma.
Two cases of asymptomatic Teflon granulomas following microvascular decompression mimicking cerebellopontine angle tumours: lessons learnt in the neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team
Authors: Rojas-Villabona A , Magnaye L , Jenkins A , Surash S
Published: August 2021

We present the cases of two patients with asymptomatic Teflon granulomas which were incidentally found years after microvascular decompression and presented to the neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team as possible cerebellopontine angle tumours. Teflon granulomas can be asymptomatic and they can radiologically resemble cerebellopontine angle tumours. It is important that all relevant information is available to the neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team for adequate assessment and appropriate treatment recommendations.
Ectopic ovary presenting as mesenteric abscess
Authors: Ishimaru N , Fujikawa H , Kondo S , Kobayashi Y
Published: August 2021

Ectopic ovary is a rare gynaecological condition that results in problems with menstruation and pregnancy and may develop into a malignant tumour. However, as the condition is often asymptomatic, diagnosis is difficult and frequently delayed. We report a case of a 42-year-old female who presented with a 10-day history of abdominal pain. The patient underwent surgery that confirmed the diagnosis of an ectopic ovary with an internal abscess. The findings of our study indicate that ectopic ovaries can present with an abscess. Ectopic ovaries should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses with internal abscesses.
Combined transabdominal–transanal surgical approach for iatrogenic rectovaginal fistula: two case reports
Authors: Wang P , Tong W , Wang Q
Published: August 2021

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is a type of anastomotic leakage that may occur after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. The repair of RVF can be challenging because of the scar tissue stenosis and incomplete obstruction. Two patients presented in our department with vaginal faecal discharge almost 7 months after the radical resection of rectal cancer. On vaginal examination, titanium nails related to the rectal surgery were found in the vaginal wall. The patients were diagnosed with RVF. Considering that RVF positions in the patients were high and might adhere to the pelvic tissue, a combined transabdominal–transanal resection and vaginal repair surgery was performed. About 3 months after surgery, both patients underwent colonic closure surgery, with consequent good recovery. A combined transabdominal–transanal approach may provide distinct advantages in surgical repair of difficult cases of RVF.
The role of LigaSure™ and Harmonic Scalpel in the preservation of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy
Authors: Spartalis E , Giannakodimos A , Giannakodimos I , Ziogou A , Papasilekas T , Patelis N , Schizas D , Troupis T
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Transient or permanent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy is of paramount importance for patient quality of life. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature concerning the role of the most popular energy-based vessel-sealing devices (LigaSure™ (LS) and Harmonic Scalpel (HS)) in preservation of the RLN during thyroidectomy. The safety and inferiority or superiority of LS and HS compared with conventional haemostatic techniques are highlighted.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was performed. Clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies that significantly compared the use of LS and HS with conventional haemostasis regarding the postoperative incidence of RLN palsy were included.

Findings

The search resulted in 43 studies, including 17,953 patients treated using energy-based devices or conventional haemostatic methods. Concerning the incidence of RLN palsy, 40 studies showed no significant difference between the energy-based device and conventional groups, whereas two studies demonstrated a significant superiority in performance for LS and HS compared with conventional haemostasis. Only one study exhibited significant inferiority of LS and HS compared with conventional methods. No statistical relationship was observed between energy-based devices and conventional techniques regarding permanent damage to the RLN.

Conclusion

The performance of both LS and HS shows no inferiority compared with conventional haemostatic techniques, regarding damage to the laryngeal nerve. Further well-designed studies are needed to investigate their potential benefit in preservation of the RLN.
Sesotho Address Forms
Authors: Akindele Dele Femi
Published: August 2021

Address forms constitute an integral part of Basotho sociolinguistic etiquette. They are regarded as a kind of emotional capital that may be invested in putting others at ease. They are indicators of deference, politeness and markers of social distance. (Fasold 1990, Akindele 1990, 1991, 1993) This paper examines the address forms used by the Basotho people. It analyzes and discusses the various types and the factors determining their use. The discussion of address forms in Sesotho focuses on First Name, Title plus First Name, Title plus Last Name, Nickname, Multiple Names, and Teknonym. Drawing data from semi-literate and literate urban and rural population of Maseru district of Lesotho, it was found that the commonest form of address used by the Basotho people is title plus first name. e.g. ntate Thabo (father Thabo), 'm'e Puleng (mother Puleng), ausi Maneo (sister Maneo), abuti Mahao (brother Mahao). It is used by close relations, associates, and familiar people in both formal and informal situations.
Polysynthetic Tendencies in Modern Greek
Authors: Charitonidis Chariton
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to provide a more accurate typological classification of Modern Greek. The verb in MG shows many polysynthetic traits, such as noun and adverb incorporation into the verbal complex, a large inventory of bound morphemes, pronominal marking of objects, many potential slots before the verbal head, nonconfigurational syntax, etc. On the basis of these traits, MG has similarities with polysynthetic languages such as Abkhaz, Cayuga, Chukchi, Mohawk, Nahuatl, a.o. I will show that the abundance of similar patterns between MG and polysynthesis point to the evolution of a new system away from the traditional dependent-marking strategy and simple synthesis towards head-marking and polysynthesis. Finally, I will point to the risk of undertaking a direct comparison of different language systems by discussing the pronominal head-marking strategies in MG and the North American languages.
An Investigation into Emotional Intelligence, Foreign Language Anxiety and Empathy through a Cognitive-Affective Course in an EFL Context
Authors: Rouhani Ali
Published: August 2021

Emotional intelligence, as concerned with how an individual recognizes and regulates his or her emotions, has been in limelight quite recently. The present study seeks to fill a small gap in the literature on emotional intelligence, together with foreign language anxiety and empathy. To this end, short literary readings are used in a cognitive-affective reading-based course to see how emotional intelligence, foreign language anxiety and empathy are affected. Mayer, Salovey and Caruso (2002) Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), Cooper's (1996/1997) EQ-Map, Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope's (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Test (FLCAS) and Caruso and Mayer's (1998) Multi-Dimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (MDEES) were administered to 70 Iranian EFL undergraduate students in a pretest posttest quasi-experimental design. MANOVA and ANCOVA were conducted. The results revealed that the cognitive-affective reading-based course in which literary readings were used significantly improved the subjects' emotional intelligence scores from the MSCEIT measure as well as empathy (MDEES) scores, but significantly decreased their foreign language anxiety (FLCAS) scores. The pedagogical implications for learners, teachers, educators and materials developers are presented.
Stimulus und Kognition. Zur Aktivierung mentaler Raumbilder
Authors: Lameli Alfred , Purschke Christoph , Kehrein Roland
Published: August 2021

Within the context of investigations of cognitive spatial models, the study analyzes the effect of varying the informational structure of linguistic survey instruments. A group of informants was asked to draw German language areas on different types of geographic maps. First, in a quantitative approach we show how the specific informational structure of each map type influences the frequency and prominence of the named language areas. The second part of the study focuses on the localization of the mentioned language areas. Here we discuss the specific effects of each type of map and the information it contains on the localization. We also discuss general characteristics of the conceptualization of linguistic space as well as differences in the perception of the prominent language areas.
The Functional Motivation of the High Tone Syllable in Yorùbá: A Critique
Authors: Olúmúyìwá Tèmítọ́pẹ́
Published: August 2021

Bisang and Sonaiya (1999) call the high tone syllable (the HTS) in Yorùbá language "an operator which actualises or validates the relationship between a predicate and a subject within a state of affairs". This paper shows that this view is faulty because it makes wrong predictions concerning the element in the language.
Das Korpus des Projekts "Mischphänomene zwischen Dialekt und Standardsprache in der Deutschschweizer Diglossie". Über die Schwierigkeit, selten vorkommende Phänomene zu dokumentieren
Authors: Petkova Marina
Published: August 2021

An ongoing research project at the University of Fribourg/Freiburg (Switzerland) investigates relatively infrequent forms of usage of the dialect and the standard variety of a language. The project focuses on verbal realisations in which both varieties exist side by side but which do not constitute cases of code-switching in the traditional sense; that is, the code changes do not serve a local pragmatic function and/or their salience has diminished as a result of their high frequency of occurrence. Furthermore, the mixing occurs at conspicuous syntactic positions, and the transferred linguistic elements do not rank among the typical resources for code-switching. Moreover, the resulting realisations – if decontextualised – may tend to be judged as impermissible by autochthonous speakers. Such phenomena are unexpected in Swiss German diglossia and contradict not only lay conceptions but also an assumption underlying many scientific investigations which states that speakers of Swiss German keep the two varieties strictly distinct in their usage. This contribution will shed light on several aspects of corpus design, with a special focus on the difficulties involved in compiling a corpus for the documentation of rare phenomena.