bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of blood pressure and renal outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease; a post hoc analysis of FROM-J study
Authors: Tsuchida-Nishiwaki Mariko , Uchida Haruhito A. , Takeuchi Hidemi , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Maeshima Yohei , Saito Chie , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Wada Jun , Narita Ichiei , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Matsuo Seiichi , Makino Hirofumi , Hishida Akira , Yamagata Kunihiro
Published: July 2021

It is well-known that hypertension exacerbates chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, however, the optimal target blood pressure (BP) level in patients with CKD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the optimal BP level for preventing CKD progression. The risk of renal outcome among different BP categories at baseline as well as 1 year after, were evaluated using individual CKD patient data aged between 40 and 74 years from FROM-J [Frontier of Renal Outcome Modifications in Japan] study. The renal outcome was defined as ≥ 40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or a diagnosis of end stage renal disease. Regarding baseline BP, the group of systolic BP (SBP) 120–129 mmHg had the lowest risk of the renal outcome, which increased more than 60% in SBP ≥ 130 mmHg group. A significant increase in the renal outcome was found only in the group of diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. The group of BP < 130/80 mmHg had a benefit for lowering the risk regardless of the presence of proteinuria, and it significantly reduced the risk in patients with proteinuria. Achieving SBP level < 130 mmHg after one year resulted in a 42% risk reduction in patients with SBP level ≥ 130 mmHg at baseline. Targeting SBP level < 130 mmHg would be associated with the preferable renal outcome.

Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/. Unique identifier: UMIN000001159 (16/05/2008).
Increase in polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zahran Asmaa M. , Shibl Azza , Rayan Amal , Mohamed Mohamed Alaa Eldeen Hassan , Osman Amira M. M. , Saad Khaled , Mahmoud Khaled Hashim , Ghandour Aliaa M. A. , Elsayh Khalid I. , El-Badawy Omnia
Published: July 2021

Our study aimed to evaluate the levels of MDSCs and Tregs in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), their relation to patients’ clinical and laboratory features, and the impact of these cells on the induction response. This study included 31 pediatric B-ALL patients and 27 healthy controls. All patients were treated according to the protocols of the modified St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital total therapy study XIIIB for ALL. Levels of MDSCs and Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. We observed a reduction in the levels of CD4 + T-cells and an increase in both the polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and Tregs. The frequencies of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs were directly related to the levels of peripheral and bone marrow blast cells and CD34 + cells. Complete postinduction remission was associated with reduced percentages of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs, with the level of PMN-MDCs in this subpopulation approaching that of healthy controls. PMN-MDSCs and Tregs jointly play a critical role in maintaining an immune-suppressive state suitable for B-ALL tumor progression. Thereby, they could be independent predictors of B-ALL progress, and finely targeting both PMN-MDSCs and Tregs may be a promising approach for the treatment of B-ALL.
Transcriptome analysis of flowering regulation by sowing date in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yin Min , Ma Hengyu , Wang Mengjia , Chu Guang , Liu Yuanhui , Xu Chunmei , Zhang Xiufu , Wang Danying , Chen Song
Published: July 2021

Hybrid japonica cultivars, such as the Yongyou series, have shown high yield potential in the field in both the early and late growing seasons. Moreover, understanding the responses of rice flowering dates to temperature and light is critical for improving yield performance. However, few studies have analyzed flowering genes in high-yielding japonica cultivars. Based on the five sowing date experiments from 2019 to 2020, select the sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 and the insensitive cultivar Ninggeng 4 and take their flag leaves and panicles for transcriptome analysis. The results showed that compared with sowing date 1 (6/16), after the sowing date was postponed (sowing date 5, 7/9), 4480 and 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the leaves and panicles in Ninggeng 4, 9275 and 2475 DEGs were detected in the leaves and panicles in Yongyou 538, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that both Ninggeng 4 and Yongyou 538 regulated rice flowering through the plant circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Gene expression analysis showed that Os01g0566050 (OsELF3-2), Os01g0182600 (OsGI), Os11g0547000 (OsFKF1), Os06g0275000 (Hd1), and Os09g0513500 (FT-1) were expressed higher and Os02g0771100 (COP1-1) was expressed lower in Yongyou 538 compared with Ninggeng 4 as the climate conditions changed, which may be the key genes that regulate the flowering process with the change of temperature and light resources in sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 in the late season.
Clostridium butyricum enhances colonization resistance against Clostridioides difficile by metabolic and immune modulation
Authors: Hagihara Mao , Ariyoshi Tadashi , Kuroki Yasutoshi , Eguchi Shuhei , Higashi Seiya , Mori Takeshi , Nonogaki Tsunemasa , Iwasaki Kenta , Yamashita Makoto , Asai Nobuhiro , Koizumi Yusuke , Oka Kentaro , Takahashi Motomichi , Yamagishi Yuka , Mikamo Hiroshige
Published: July 2021

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide and is associated with gut dysbiosis and intestinal damage. Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) contributes significantly to reduce epithelial damage. However, the impacts of CBM 588 on antibacterial therapy for CDI are not clear. Here we show that CBM 588 enhanced the antibacterial activity of fidaxomicin against C. difficile and negatively modulated gut succinate levels to prevent C. difficile proliferation and downregulate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) producing macrophages in the colon lumina propria (cLP), resulting in a significant decrease in colon epithelial damage. Additionally, CBM 588 upregulated T cell-dependent pathogen specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) via interleukin (IL)-17A producing CD4+ cells and plasma B cells in the cLP, and Th17 cells in the cLP enhanced the gut epithelial barrier function. IL-17A and succinic acid modulations with CBM 588 enhance gut colonization resistance to C. difficile and protect the colon tissue from CDI.
Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
Authors: Collins Samuel , Williams Natalie , Southworth Felicity , James Thomas , Davidson Louise , Orchard Emily , Marczylo Tim , Amlôt Richard
Published: July 2021

The Initial Operational Response (IOR) to chemical incidents is a suite of rapid strategies including evacuation, disrobe and improvised and interim decontamination. IOR and Specialist Operational Response (SOR) decontamination protocols involving mass decontamination units would be conducted in sequence by UK emergency services following a chemical incident, to allow for safe onward transfer of casualties. As part of a series of human volunteer studies, we examined for the first time, the effectiveness of UK IOR and SOR decontamination procedures alone and in sequence. Specifically, we evaluated the additional contribution of SOR, when following improvised and interim decontamination. Two simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) with vegetable oil and benzyl salicylate (BeS), were applied to participants’ skin. Participants underwent improvised dry, improvised wet, interim wet, specialist decontamination and a no decontamination control. Skin analysis and UV photography indicated significantly lower levels of both simulants remaining following decontamination compared to controls. There were no significant differences in MeS levels recovered between decontamination conditions. Analysis of BeS, a more persistent simulant than MeS, showed that recovery from skin was significantly reduced following combined IOR with SOR than IOR alone. These results show modest additional benefits of decontamination interventions conducted in sequence, particularly for persistent chemicals, supporting current UK operational procedures.
Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
Authors: Lee Ruth , Flavell Jonathan C. , Tipper Steven P. , Cook Richard , Over Harriet
Published: July 2021

People have a strong and reliable tendency to infer the character traits of strangers based solely on facial appearance. In five highly powered and pre-registered experiments, we investigate the relative merits of learning and nativist accounts of the origins of these first impressions. First, we test whether brief periods of training can establish consistent first impressions de novo. Using a novel paradigm with Greebles—a class of synthetic object with inter-exemplar variation that approximates that seen between individual faces—we show that participants quickly learn to associate appearance cues with trustworthiness (Experiments 1 and 2). In a further experiment, we show that participants easily learn a two-dimensional structure in which individuals are presented as simultaneously varying in both trustworthiness and competence (Experiment 3). Crucially, in the final two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) we show that, once learned, these first impressions occur following very brief exposure (100 ms). These results demonstrate that first impressions can be rapidly learned and, once learned, take on features previously thought to hold only for innate first impressions (rapid availability). Taken together, these results highlight the plausibility of learning accounts of first impressions.
Metabolomic signatures associated with depression and predictors of antidepressant response in humans: A CAN-BIND-1 report
Authors: Caspani Giorgia , Turecki Gustavo , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen V. , Frey Benicio N. , MacQueen Glenda M. , Müller Daniel J. , Rotzinger Susan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Foster Jane A. , Swann Jonathan R.
Published: July 2021

One of the biggest challenges in treating depression is the heterogeneous and qualitative nature of its clinical presentations. This highlights the need to find quantitative molecular markers to tailor existing treatment strategies to the individual’s biological system. In this study, high-resolution metabolic phenotyping of urine and plasma samples from the CAN-BIND study collected before treatment with two common pharmacological strategies, escitalopram and aripiprazole, was performed. Here we show that a panel of LDL and HDL subfractions were negatively correlated with depression in males. For treatment response, lower baseline concentrations of apolipoprotein A1 and HDL were predictive of escitalopram response in males, while higher baseline concentrations of apolipoprotein A2, HDL and VLDL subfractions were predictive of aripiprazole response in females. These findings support the potential of metabolomics in precision medicine and the possibility of identifying personalized interventions for depression.
Genome of the world’s smallest flowering plant, Wolffia australiana, helps explain its specialized physiology and unique morphology
Authors: Park Halim , Park Jin Hwa , Lee Yejin , Woo Dong U , Jeon Ho Hwi , Sung Yeon Woo , Shim Sangrea , Kim Sang Hee , Lee Kyun Oh , Kim Jae-Yean , Kim Chang-Kug , Bhattacharya Debashish , Yoon Hwan Su , Kang Yang Jae
Published: July 2021

Watermeal,Wolffia australiana, is the smallest known flowering monocot and is rich in protein. Despite its great potential as a biotech crop, basic research onWolffiais in its infancy. Here, we generated the reference genome of a species of watermeal,W. australiana, and identified the genome-wide features that may contribute to its atypical anatomy and physiology, including the absence of roots, adaxial stomata development, and anaerobic life as a turion. In addition, we found evidence of extensive genome rearrangements that may underpin the specialized aquatic lifestyle of watermeal. Analysis of the gene inventory of this intriguing species helps explain the distinct characteristics ofW. australianaand its unique evolutionary trajectory.
Ryugu’s observed volatile loss did not arise from impact heating alone
Authors: Kurosawa Kosuke , Moriwaki Ryota , Yabuta Hikaru , Ishibashi Ko , Komatsu Goro , Matsui Takafumi
Published: July 2021

Carbonaceous asteroids, including Ryugu and Bennu, which have been explored by the Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx missions, were probably important carriers of volatiles to the inner Solar System. However, Ryugu has experienced significant volatile loss, possibly from hypervelocity impact heating. Here we present impact experiments at speeds comparable to those expected in the main asteroid belt (3.7 km s−1 and 5.8 km s−1) and with analogue target materials. We find that loss of volatiles from the target material due to impacts is not sufficient to account for the observed volatile depletion of Ryugu. We propose that mutual collisions in the main asteroid belt are unlikely to be solely responsible for the loss of volatiles from Ryugu or its parent body. Instead, we suggest that additional processes, for example associated with the diversity in mechanisms and timing of their formation, are necessary to account for the variable volatile contents of carbonaceous asteroids.
Dietary squalene modifies plasma lipoproteins and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in rabbits
Authors: Martínez-Beamonte Roberto , Sánchez-Marco Javier , Felices María J. , Barranquero Cristina , Gascón Sonia , Arnal Carmen , Burillo Juan C. , Lasheras Roberto , Busto Rebeca , Lasunción Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Yoldi María Jesús , Osada Jesús
Published: July 2021

Squalene-enriched diet fed rabbits displayed large plasma APOB100-containing particles enriched in non-esterified cholesterol and hepatic steatosis mainly due to squalene.
Getting a lead on Pb2+-amide chelators for 203/212Pb radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Ingham Aidan , Kostelnik Thomas I. , McNeil Brooke L. , Patrick Brian O. , Choudhary Neha , Jaraquemada-Peláez María de Guadalupe , Orvig Chris
Published: July 2021

Three chelators were developed for potential use in 203/212Pb-based radiopharmaceuticals. Studies probing the coordination chemistry of the metal complexes and radiolabeling capabilities revealed a compound for future study.
Recomposition and storage of sunlight with intelligent phosphors for enhanced photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Han Qinyu , Liu Songhan , Wang Zhimin , Hu Ming , Domnic Szeto Mun Wai , Lau Raymond , Xing Bengang
Published: July 2021

This work presents a smart solar energy regulation strategy using photon tunable long persistent phosphors as solar energy harvesting antennas to enhance overall sunlight utilization by photosynthetic organisms in multiple modes.
Towards a comprehensive understanding of malathion degradation: theoretical investigation of degradation pathways and related kinetics under alkaline conditions
Authors: Lamb Robert W. , McAlexander Harley , Woodley Christa M. , Shukla Manoj K.
Published: July 2021

Malathion is a commercially available insecticide that functions by acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
CD36 and DGAT2 facilitate the lipid-lowering effect of chitooligosaccharides via fatty acid intake and triglyceride synthesis signaling
Authors: Shen Xin , Liang Xinyi , Ji Xiaoguo , You Jiangshan , Zhuang Xinye , Song Yudong , Yin Hao , Zhao Mengyao , Zhao Liming
Published: July 2021

CD36 and DGAT2 facilitate the lipid-lowering effect of chitooligosaccharides in the ob−/ob− mice model.
Recent advances in simulating gas permeation through MOF membranes
Authors: Daglar Hilal , Erucar Ilknur , Keskin Seda
Published: July 2021

We provide a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in molecular modeling methods to predict gas permeation through MOF membranes and MOF-based mixed matrix membranes.
Rational design of bifunctional conjugated microporous polymers
Authors: Song Yanpei , Lan Pui Ching , Martin Kyle , Ma Shengqian
Published: July 2021

This review summarized the recent developments of bifunctional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) in terms of design/synthesis and their advanced applications.
Near-infrared emitting dual-stimuli-responsive carbon dots from endogenous bile pigments
Authors: Fathi Parinaz , Moitra Parikshit , McDonald Madeleine M. , Esch Mandy B. , Pan Dipanjan
Published: July 2021

Using biliverdin or bilirubin as carbon dot precursors results in synthesis of enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive carbon dots. BR-CDots can additionally be used for imaging in the NIR window.
Improving performance of luminescent nanothermometers based on non-thermally and thermally coupled levels of lanthanides by modulating laser power
Authors: Stopikowska Natalia , Runowski Marcin , Skwierczyńska Małgorzata , Lis Stefan
Published: July 2021

This work sheds light on the pump power impact on the performance of luminescent thermometers, which is often underestimated by researchers.
Realization of the Zn3+ oxidation state
Authors: Fang Hong , Banjade Huta , Deepika  , Jena Puru
Published: July 2021

Realizing the Zn+3 oxidation state by interacting with superelectrophilic clusters that are stable gas-phase trianions in their ground states.
Photoredox/cobaloxime co-catalyzed allylation of amines and sulfonyl hydrazines with olefins to access α-allylic amines and allylic sulfones
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Hong , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: July 2021

Herein, a photoredox/cobaloxime co-catalyzed allylation of amines and sulfonyl hydrazines with olefins to access α-allylic amines and allylic sulfones is described, which avoided the external oxidants and pre-functionalized allylic precursors.
Research progress in transition metal chalcogenide based anodes for K-ion hybrid capacitor applications: a mini-review
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Cheng Fang , Lu Wen
Published: July 2021

Metal ion capacitors have gained a lot of interest as a new kind of capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system because of their high power density while maintaining energy density and a long lifetime.
Ultraviolet light screen using cholesteric liquid crystal capsules on the basis of selective reflection
Authors: Oh Heemuk , Kikuchi Hirotugu , Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Su Ji , Lee Jun Bae , Cho Moon Sun , Lee Min Young , Okumura Yasushi , Hong Joo-Hee , Hong Sung-Kyu
Published: July 2021

When the prepared cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsule is applied to the skin, it can protect the skin by selectively reflecting only ultraviolet rays in sunlight like sunscreen cosmetics.
A modular approach to mechanically gated photoswitching with color-tunable molecular force probes
Authors: Barber Ross W. , Robb Maxwell J.
Published: July 2021

A highly modular and synthetically accessible mechanophore platform enables mechanically gated photoswitching in solution and in solid polymeric materials.
An EPR investigation of defect structure and electron transfer mechanism in mixed-conductive LiBO2–V2O5glasses
Authors: Spencer Jacob N. , Folli Andrea , Ren Hong , Murphy Damien M.
Published: July 2021

A series of LiBO2–V2O5glasses of varying contents were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This approach provides a convenient method to rationalise the defect structure and electron transfer mechanism.
Molecular level precision and high molecular weight peptide dendrimers for drug-specific delivery
Authors: Fang Xinhao , Gao Kai , Huang Jianxiang , Liu Kexin , Chen Linying , Piao Ying , Liu Xiangrui , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing , Zhou Zhuxian
Published: July 2021

Here we report the liquid-phase synthesis of molecular level precision and amino-acids built-in polylysine dendrimers with high molecular weights. The strategy can produce tailor-made functional peptide dendrimers for diverse biomedical applications.
Evaluation of head-tracked binaural auralizations of speech signals generated with a virtual artificial head in anechoic and classroom environments
Authors: Fallahi Mina , Hansen Martin , Doclo Simon , van de Par Steven , Püschel Dirk , Blau Matthias
Published: July 2021

In order to realize binaural auralizations with head tracking, BRIRs of individual listeners are needed for different head orientations. In this contribution, a filter-and-sum beamformer, referred to as virtual artificial head (VAH), was used to synthesize the BRIRs. To this end, room impulse responses were first measured with a VAH, using a planar microphone array with 24 microphones, for one fixed orientation, in an anechoic and a reverberant room. Then, individual spectral weights for 185 orientations of the listener’s head were calculated with different parameter sets. Parameters included the number and the direction of the sources considered in the calculation of spectral weights as well as the required minimum mean white noise gain (WNGm). For both acoustical environments, the quality of the resulting synthesized BRIRs was assessed perceptually in head-tracked auralizations, in direct comparison to real loudspeaker playback in the room. Results showed that both rooms could be auralized with the VAH for speech signals in a perceptually convincing manner, by employing spectral weights calculated with 72 source directions from the horizontal plane. In addition, low resulting WNGmvalues should be avoided. Furthermore, in the dynamic binaural auralization with speech signals in this study, individual BRIRs seemed to offer no advantage over non-individual BRIRs, confirming previous results that were obtained with simulated BRIRs.
Transport delay assessment at unsignalized intersections feeding focal points
Authors: Zedgenizov Anton , Lipenkov Aleksandr , Kim Bogdan
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the issues of assessing the delays connected with the transport service of people visiting focal points (FPs) by individual transport (IT). The necessity of using a mathematical approach when assessing delays is proved. The factors influencing transport delays when driving through unsignalized intersections are presented. An integrated mathematical model is derived, which makes it possible to estimate the load factor at unsignalized intersections. This model is based on parameters that reflect transport demand and throughput capacity of an unsignalized intersection. The main parameters required for assessing the capacity of the minor road at an unsignalized intersection are described. An integrated mathematical model is offered that allows estimating the delay of individual transport users leaving the territory (parking lot) of the focal point. The authors elaborate recommendations for the practical application of the considered mathematical models while organizing transport services for focal points visitors using individual transport.
Conceptual foundations of the theory of road safety
Authors: Ilina Irina
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the content of legislative, regulatory and technical sources regulating activities in the field of road safety in the Russian Federation is carried out. The federal target programs adopted for implementation in different years aimed at improving the state of road safety are studied. The object of the study is the theory of road safety. The theory is based on the principle of protecting the life and health of citizens enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Several levels are considered from the point of view of the development, implementation and control of the effectiveness of measures to improve road safety. The result is obtained in the form of a single pyramid of the theory of road safety. The theory assumes the appearance of a significant factor in the assessment of the state of safety in transport processes. The presented concept allows you to predict the state of road safety.
Application of specialized exercises for the development of strength qualities of future air transport safety specialists
Authors: Rodionova Inessa , Shalupin Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problems of finding the most rational method of developing the strength qualities of students of civil aviation universities, and in particular the direction of training “Air Navigation” (ATC), by optimal distribution of the time of power loads for the formation of professional training of future specialists of airfield services. In the structure of such training, a special place is occupied by power qualities, which are most important for specialists of airfield services, who ensure the safety of air transport. Strength training not only increases the body’s resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors and strengthens the immune system, but also optimizes the functional state of the body. However, the issues of the development of strength abilities with the use of time indicators in the distribution of specialized loads are currently insufficiently studied and do not have a scientific basis in the general system of physical training of students of educational institutions of civil aviation. In the study performed on students, the search for optimal methods for the development of strength qualities was conducted by changing the time indicators in the distribution of specialized loads. Students performed strength and speed-strength exercises with high intensity and subjective power of effort, as well as cyclic exercises that require endurance when they are performed repeatedly. These exercises were considered by us as complex means of forming motor qualities. The studied main indicators of strength qualities allowed us to determine the main vector of building classes for future specialists in the field of training “Air Navigation” (ATC) and the means of controlling the functional activity of those involved. The experimentally based methodology for the development of power qualities is recommended for use in the educational process of educational institutions of civil aviation.
Optimization design of the stick of an excavator under uncertain loading (in the conditions of the Syrian Arab Republic)
Authors: Mohammad Jalal , Odinokova Irina , Gaevskiy Vitaly , Nosko Evgeni
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the optimization design of the stick of a hydraulic excavator at the most frequent and greatest value loads. The uncertain loads acting on the working equipment of the excavator were obtained by the Monte Carlo method based on 3D analytical soil-tool interaction models. The results show that the adopted methodology can be used to optimize the design of elements of the excavator working equipment, since the design of stick was obtained with less weight and lower stress values than the original design.
Mathematical model of an electric car to diagnose its traction qualities on a chassis dynamometer
Authors: Fedotov Aleksandr , Yan’kov Oleg , Chernyshkov Anton
Published: July 2021

The paper outlines the developed mathematical model of an electric vehicle to control its traction and dynamic qualities on a chassis dynamometer. The purpose of the work is to expand the capabilities of diagnostics and analytical determination of electric vehicle dynamics parameters. The developed mathematical model includes descriptions of the following processes: the operation of the electric motor, torsional vibrations in the transmission of an electric car and the chassis dynamometer, the processes of tires interaction with the circular-shaped surfaces of the chassis dynamometer.
Ways to solve the problems of individual vehicle storage in new residential areas of large cities
Authors: Spodarev Ruslan , Belokurov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The article discusses ways to solve the problem of storing individual cars. The methodology for calculating the area for garages in the existing residential development, as well as in the formation of new residential areas. The analysis of the patterns in the formation of the optimal ratio between the areas of residence of the population and places of storage of cars is carried out. An integrated approach is proposed to ensure the satisfaction of car owners in places where cars are stored.
Theoretical background for the creation of wear-resistant coatings at the carbo-vibro-arc hardening
Authors: Kolomeichenko Aleksandr , Titov Nikolay , Kolomeichenko Aleksеy
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of theoretical studies that allow predicting the formation of wear-resistant coatings on the working surfaces of machine parts by the method of carbo-vibro-arc hardening (CVAH). Analytical regularities of electric field intensity formation by oscillating carbon electrode during carbo-vibro-arc hardening (CVAH) have been established; the maximum layer thickness of multicomponent paste, 2.1...2.5 mm, which ensures stable electric arc combustion during CVAH, has been theoretically substantiated. With the increase of amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the carbon electrode, the electric field strength at CVAH decreases nonlinearly, but the thickness of the hardened layer of the multicomponent paste has the greatest influence on it. As a result, ceramic-metal coatings of high quality and integrity are formed on the hardened surfaces of parts. The testing of the obtained theoretical regularities has confirmed their reliability.
Using Process Mining and Control Charts to Improve the Reliability of Road Freight Transportation
Authors: Dorofeev Aleksey , Kurganov Valery , Gryaznov Mikhail
Published: July 2021

Management of a process assumes the availability of metrics to reflect its status. During road freight transportation, nowadays various sensors provide you with a full picture of what is happening with the vehicle and freight. Accordingly, in case of deviation from the specified transportation parameters, the company's CEO can exercise his/her management to adjust the transportation process. However, the influence of the human factor on the reliability of transportation is still considerable. So, methods and approaches are required to assess actions and business activities of personnel quickly and efficiently. It is currently relevant for the transportation process not only to collect data on driver behavior, but also to deeply analyze the behavior of operators of the fleet management information system.
Differentiating the stiffness of the side of the car
Authors: Evtukov Stanislav , Vasilev Yaroslav , Voronin Vseslav , Golov Egor
Published: July 2021

Expertise on the materials of road accidents (road accidents), calculate the speed of the vehicles involved in the accident by analyzing the resulting deformation damage by the average stiffness coefficients of the vehicle bodies. But this entails the presence of an error in the calculation and, as a result, not a correct result due to the fact that the internal structure of the side of the car is heterogeneous – the stiffness in each of its areas is different. To eliminate possible errors when using the averaged coefficients, the article offers a method for calculating the stiffness coefficients for various areas of the side of cars that have received deformations as a result of an accident.
Hidden opportunities to reduce order fulfilment costs
Authors: Gerami Victoria , Shidlovskii Ivan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the work is to draw attention to the existing hidden reserves of increasing the efficiency of systems, in which solutions for their optimisation are associated with the analysis of models of problems of the theory of queueing networks (for example, problems of transport support for the supply of multiple orders). We are talking about such models that correlate precisely with the choice of queueing the existing portfolio of orders. Approaches to the optimisation of such systems are considered, allowing to consider the random nature of the change in the rates of fines over time and special additional costs related to the moment of order set formation.
Estimation of the reaction time of the driver of a two-wheeled vehicle in case of danger
Authors: Evtyukov Sergey , Brylev Ilya , Blinder Maria
Published: July 2021

The author's team analyzed a bicycle as a two-wheeled vehicle. (TWV) The purpose of the study was to estimate the parameters affecting the reaction time of the cyclist. Depending on the type of brake system, the mass of the two-wheeled vehicle and the cyclist, the speed, and the bicycle designs graphs were built, and their analysis was carried out. Based on the test results, factors affecting the cyclist reaction time in case of danger were disclosed.
Assessment of the starter motor system use powered by capacitive power sources on internal combustion engine
Authors: Bijaev Anton , Ishutochkina Kristina
Published: July 2021

The main power source of modern electric start systems for internal combustion engines is an acid-lead battery. Existence chemical reactions, which occur in between battery electrolyte and lead plates may be causes problems with it exploitation. For a many reasons, its operation requires a lot of labor, especially in cold conditions. In this regard, it was proposed to use a capacitor system electric supply taking in view its discharge characteristics. Electrolytic capacitors and supercapacitors are sources of temporary charge storage and have optimal properties for their use in the engine start system as a partial displacement of the acid-lead battery, against the background of its some negative qualities. The article deals with the evaluation and comparison of the electric motor start system from capacitors and supercapacitors, as well as the possibility of their implementation on a mobile machine equipped with ICE.
Digital analogue of an agricultural tractor
Authors: Didmanidze Otari , Pulyaev Nikolay , Devyanin Sergey , Asadov Dzhabir
Published: July 2021

Today the trend in the digitalisation of all economic spheres is particularly noticeable. Agriculture is no exception here. According to forecasts, the agribusiness transition to Industry-4.0 will increase the yield by 10 %. One of the digital design and modeling technologies is the use of digital analogues of objects or processes. This technology can be applied to an agricultural tractor or other power device. Using this approach will allow you to plan the annual load of machines, taking into account their maintenance condition, efficiency of use, etc. Also such a system will allow to choose the optimal operating modes of agricultural machinery, which in turn will increase its capacity, yield and reduce losses.
Methodology of passenger public transport organization within the context of long-term territorial development of a city
Authors: Novikov Aleksandr , Eremin Sergey , Kulev Andrei
Published: July 2021

The article presents selected scientific approaches based on multi-criteria optimization which can be applied for the organization of passenger public transport within the context of long-term territorial development of the city. The transport network of the city of Krasnoyarsk was chosen as an example for the presentation of practical application of these approaches.
Die Unsichtbaren – Angehörige in der Pflege von psychisch erkrankten Menschen im klinischen Setting
Authors: Adolph Jens
Published: July 2021

Es sollte längst selbstverständlich sein, dass Angehörige Bestandteil des Pflegeprozesses sind. Aber ist das auch so? Welche Erfahrungen haben Angehörige von Patienten in psychiatrischen Kliniken gemacht? Und in welchem Maß werden Angehörige von der Berufsgruppe der Pflegenden berücksichtigt? Eine Studie gibt Antworten. Im Schwerpunkt stellen wir die Ergebnisse vor und formulieren Leitlinien, damit Angehörige zukünftig sichtbarer in der psychiatrischen Pflege werden.
Virtuelles Treffen – eine reale Alternative in der Pandemie?
Authors: Quelle Silke
Published: July 2021

Wie können psychisch erkrankte Menschen in Zeiten von sozialer Distanz und Veranstaltungsverboten unterstützt werden? Kann eine digitale Gruppe auch eine reale Alternative sein? Ein Team des Sozialpsychiatrischen Dienstes Freiburg probiert seit Januar 2021 genau das aus und berichtet, wie das virtuelle Treffen entstand, wie es abläuft und welche Erfahrungen damit gesammelt wurden.
Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4
Authors: Hamdi Assia , Halouani Aymen , Aouf Ines , Viaene Johan , Marzouk Belsem , Kraiem Jamil , Jaïdane Hela , Heyden Yvan Vander
Published: July 2021

Haplophyllum tuberculatum is a plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat several diseases including vomiting, nausea, infections, rheumatism, and gastric pains. In the current study, H. tuberculatum essential oils, hydrosols, the pure compounds R-(+)-limonene, S-(−)-limonene, and 1-octanol, as well as their combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol, were screened for their cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cells after 24, 48, and 72 h, and then tested for their activity against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4 (CV-B3 and CV-B4) at 3 different moments: addition of the plant compounds before, after, or together with virus inoculation. Results showed that the samples were more cytotoxic after 72 h than after 24 h or 48 h cell contact. However, the combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol showed less effect on HEp-2 cells than pure R-(+)-limonene and S-(−)-limonene after
24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. 1-octanol exhibited the highest concentration causing 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) on HEp-2 cells after 24 h (CC50 = 93 µg/mL) and 48 h (CC50 = 83 µg/mL). The antiviral assays showed that the tested samples exhibited potent inhibition of CV-B. IC50 values ranged from 0.66 µg/mL to 28.4 µg/mL. In addition, CV-B3 was more sensitive than CV-B4. Both CV-B strains are more inhibited when cells were pretreated with the plant compounds. The hydrosols have no effect, neither on HEp-2 cells nor on the virus. 1-octanol, S-(−), and R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol had important selectivity indexes over time. Although essential oils had potent antiviral activity, they can be considered for application in the pretreatment of cells. However, 1-octanol and the combinations are within the safety limits, and thus, they can be used as an active natural antiviral agent for CV-B3 and CV-B4 inhibition.
Evaluating Endoscopic Ipsilateral Endonasal Corridor Approaches to the Anterolateral Wall of the Maxillary Sinus: A Computerized Tomography Study
Authors: Vatcharayothin Navarat , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Thanaviratananich Sanguansak , Thongrong Cattleya
Published: July 2021

Introduction The endoscopic access to lesions in the anterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus is a challenging issue; therefore, the evaluation of access should be performed.

Objective To assess the accessibility of three endoscopic ipsilateral endonasal corridors.

Methods Three corridors were created in each of the 30 maxillary sinuses from 19 head cadavers. Accessing the anterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus was documented with a straight stereotactic navigator probe at the level of the nasal floor and of the axilla of the inferior turbinate.

Results At level of the nasal floor, the prelacrimal approach, the modified endoscopic Denker approach, and the endoscopic Denker approach allowed mean radial access to the anterolateral maxillary sinus wall of 42.6 ± 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.9–45.3), 56.0 ± 6.1 (95%CI: 53.7–58.3), and 60.1 ± 6.2 (95%CI: 57.8–62.4), respectively. Furthermore, these approaches provided more lateral access to the maxillary sinus at the level of the axilla of the inferior turbinate, with mean radial access of 45.8 ± 6.9 (95%CI: 43.3–48.4) for the prelacrimal approach, 59.8 ± 4.7 (95% CI:58.1–61.6) for the modified endoscopic Denker approach, and 63.6 ± 5.5 (95%CI: 61.6–65.7) for the endoscopic Denker approach. The mean radial access in each corridor, either at the level of the nasal floor or the axilla of the inferior turbinate, showed a statistically significant difference in all comparison approaches (p < 0.05).

Conclusions The prelacrimal approach provided a narrow radial access, which allows access to anteromedial lesions of the maxillary sinus, whereas the modified endoscopic Denker and the endoscopic Denker approaches provided more lateral radial access and improved operational feasibility on far anterolateral maxillary sinus lesions.
Can We Create an Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis through 0.5–1.0 cm Incision without Using Vascular Clamps?
Authors: Gajiwala Kalpesh J.
Published: July 2021

Background A native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a gold standard for renal replacement therapy, where regular hemodialysis is the mainstay of survival in the majority of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. Appropriate vascular clamps are routinely used to occlude an artery and a vein before an arteriotomy or a venotomy is done to prevent blood loss and have a clear field and an ease of anastomosis. The title makes one wonder, is it then possible to create an AVF without using vascular clamps? And through incisions as small as 0.5to 1.0 cm? This is made possible by a very simple new technique, presented here, that helps to occlude vessels to create an AVF through minimal access, and minimize blood loss and postoperative pain.

Material and Method Total 622 AVFs were created between 1998 and 2019. With regular forceps or an AVF platform (design given), an AVF was created without using a vascular clamp. Total 321 cases were operated with 0.5 to 1.0 cm and 215 cases within 1.5 cm skin incision approach.

Results There were ~85% successful functional fistulas. The blood loss was negligible, and only one in three required pain killer in postoperative period.

Conclusion A simple new technique described here makes it possible to create a functional AVF through a small incision, without using vascular clamps.
The Story of the Hand
Authors: Thirkannad Sunil M. , Patil Rahul
Published: July 2021

This review describes the Story of the Human Hand. It traces the functional needs that led to evolution of the human hand as well as its embryological development. The various in utero stages of formation of the human hand are covered along with a description of the various molecular and genetic factors that control this process.
Partial Maxillectomy for the Improvement of Nasal Obstruction Can Be Combined with Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Weber Rainer K. , Giotakis Evangelos I. , Hildenbrand Tanja , Heppt Werner
Published: July 2021

We describe the (anteromedial) partial maxillectomy technique which can be used to address impaired nasal breathing in cases of significant protrusion of the frontal process of the maxilla into the nasal cavity, narrowing the nasal pathway. It fits to nasal physiology avoiding mucosal resection. It can be combined with surgery of the inferior turbinate. The described technique can be used in all forms of rhinoplasty.
Idiopathic Moyamoya Disease Presenting as Isolated Hemichorea
Authors: Hamid Omer Abdul , Klimo Paul , Choudhri Asim F. , Shah Namrata
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to describe a case of a 7-year-old Caucasian girl who developed isolated chorea in her right upper and lower extremities progressively increasing over 2 years. This study is a case report and conducted at tertiary care center. A 7-year-old Caucasian girl who gradually developed worsening choreiform movements in her right upper and lower extremities over the course of 2 years until medical attention was sought. Literature review of children presenting with chorea as the only manifestation in moyamoya disease. A 7-year-old right-handed Caucasian girl presented with progressively worsening choreiform movements in her right upper and lower extremities affecting her fine motor skills and gait impairment There was no weakness, hyperreflexia, or spasticity on her neurological exam. Neuroimaging studies showed “ivy sign,” asymmetric prominence of vessels within the subarachnoid spaces overlying the left cerebral hemisphere with corresponding serpiginous T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery abnormality, but no parenchymal volume loss or diffusion restriction. Magnetic resonance angiography showed focal moderate-to-severe stenosis at the junction of the paraophthalmic and supraclinoid segments of the left internal carotid artery, with poststenotic dilatation. Angiography demonstrated focal stenosis involving the ophthalmic segment of the left internal carotid artery with 50% stenosis. There was compensation through a medium sized left posterior communicating artery as well as posterior cerebral artery to middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery collateralization. Brain single-photon emission computerized tomography scan showed no evidence of perfusion defects in the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, or thalami. She underwent successful revascularization procedure (left pial synangiosis) with resolution of her choreiform movements and normalization of her gait. Our case demonstrates that moyamoya disease should be suspected when evaluating a child with hemichorea and describes resolution of symptoms after revascularization surgery. Neuroimaging and vascular studies should be obtained in children with unilateral movement disorder.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Management of Primary Brachial Plexus Tumors
Authors: Gaba Sunil , Mohsina Subair , John Jerry R. , Tripathy Satyaswarup , Sharma Ramesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Introduction This study evaluates the clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcomes of surgically treated benign and malignant brachial plexus tumors (BPTs).

Methods A prospective study of patients with BPTs from June 2015 to August 2020 was conducted. All patients underwent surgical resection with microneurolysis and intraoperative electrical stimulation to preserve the functioning nerve fascicles.

Results Fourteen patients with 15 BPTs underwent surgical resection. Mean age was 37.8 ± 12.3 years; with male to female ratio 4:10. The clinical presentations were swelling (100%), pain (84.6%), and paresthesia (76.9%). The lesions involved roots (5/15), trunk (5/15), division (1/15), and cords (4/15). Thirteen patients had benign pathology (8 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 2 lipomas) and two had malignant neurofibrosarcoma. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases except a dumbbell tumor. The mean follow-up period was 24 ± 5 months. Postoperatively, all patients reported improvement in pain and paresthesia with no new sensory deficit. All patients had developed initial motor weakness (Grades 2–4); however, full power (Grade 5) was recovered by 3 to 5 months.

Conclusion Total resection can be achieved by appropriate microneural dissection and electrophysiologic monitoring and is potentially curative with preserving function.