bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Motion Behaviour of a Wind Farm Mothership
Authors: Peña Blanca , ter Brake Erik P. , Moschonas Kyriakos
Published: August 2021

A number of UK Round Three offshore wind farms are located relatively far from the coast making crew transfer to the sites time consuming, more prone to interruption by weather conditions and increasingly costly. In order to optimize the functionality of a permanent accommodation vessel, Houlder has developed a dedicated Accommodation and Maintenance Wind Farm vessel based on an oil & gas work-over vessel that has been successfully deployed for many years. The Accommodation and Maintenance (A&M) Wind Farm vessel is designed to provide an infield base for Marine Wind Farm operation. The A&M vessel is designed for high operability when it comes to crew access and performance of maintenance and repair of wind turbine components in its workshops. Also general comfort on board is of high regard. As such, the seakeeping behavior of the unit is of great importance. In this publication, the seakeeping behavior is presented on the basis of numerical simulations using 3D diffraction software. The first design iteration is driven by achieving high maneuverability and good motion characteristics for operational up-time and personnel comfort on board the vessel. Model test data of the original work-over vessel has been used to validate and calibrate the numerical simulations. On this basis, parametric studies can be performed to fine-tune a potential new hull form. In turn, this could reduce the number of required physical model tests providing a potential financial benefit and optimized delivery schedule. The vessel motion behavior was tested against the acceptability criteria and crew comfort guidelines of motion behavior for a North Sea environment.
Micro Autonomous Surface Vessels – Opportunities and Development
Authors: Bishop Bradley , Miller Paul
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we develop a set of design principles for micro ASV systems, defined as surface vessels less than eight feet long with a weight of less than 102 lbs, fully loaded. We outline the key properties of micro ASV systems, discuss potential missions for such devices, and address key concepts in vessel design and cooperative control of groups of micro ASV systems in a capability-based, mission-driven design space. Finally we outline key needs for the advancement of this type of vessel in operational environments.
Fatigue Strength Assessment of Crack Flaws in Thick High Tensile Steel Plates on Large Ships
Authors: Tian Yu
Published: August 2021

The sizes of large container ship increased during the past years have accompanied by the use of thicker plate and higher steel grade. The fatigue performance of thick high strength steel plate is a problem which has to be investigated. As an example, the fatigue crack growth of the butt welds at the deck plate of a 8530 TEU container ship has been investigated. Crack growth life predication method in combination with failure assessment diagram (FAD) technology has been used to calculate the fatigue life and the critical crack length. It has been discussed the fatigue sensitivity of the steel grades, the plate thicknesses and the positions of initial defect in thickness direction. The FAD methodology used in this paper is a common approach which has been introduced in various standards, which is practical and useful in fatigue strength assessment of ship structures. Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) tests of high tensile steel YP40 and YP 47 have been carried out to obtain the fracture toughness, which play an important role in FAD calculation. And the minimum value of the test results is used as the calculated value. It is concluded that the fatigue performance of high strength steels do not increase proportionally with the steel grades and plate thicknesses. The calculation results also have shown that there is significant decrease of fatigue performance along with the increase of plate thickness, and in the same initial conditions, the harmfulness of the near surface defects on structure detail is more serious compared to the embedded defects.
Ship Roll Motion Damping Using Bilge Keels – A Detailed CFD Investigation
Authors: Counsil Joshua , McTaggart Kevin , Groulx Dominic , Boulama Kiari
Published: August 2021

A study has been undertaken to test the value of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and traditional semi-empirical methods in the face of complex ship roll phenomena, and provide insight into the selection of bilge keel span for varying roll amplitudes. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+ is employed and two-dimensional submerged bodies undergoing forced roll motion are analyzed. The spatial resolution and timestepping scheme are validated by comparison with published numerical and experimental studies. The model is then applied to a fully-submerged circular cylinder with bilge keels of varying span and undergoing roll motion at varying angular amplitudes. Extracted hydrodynamic coefficients indicate that in general, increasing displacement amplitude and bilge keel span yields increased added mass and increased damping. The relationship is complex and highly dependent upon vortex interactions with each other and the body. The semi-empirical methods used for comparison yield good predictions for simple vortex interactions but fail where viscous effects are strong. Hence, URANS methods are shown to be necessary for friction-dominated flows while semi-empirical methods remain useful for initial design considerations.
Overview of Non-Welded Pipe Fitting Technologies
Authors: Loomis Fred C.
Published: August 2021

Non-welded pipe fitting connections have been available in the maritime industry for years but with advanced engineering the market is opening up to the technology. As the US shipbuilding industry experiences an influx of business and skilled welders are in high-demand, non-welded pipe fitting technology is becoming a go-to product in shipyards across the country. In this presentation,, Fred Loomis, will share his experiences with non-welded pipe fitting technologies, and discuss how this type of product benefits the shipyard and end user.
Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control
Authors: Lethe Eric
Published: August 2021

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation. The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new. This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner.

Salient discussion points will be:

1. Process Examination

2. Material Selection

3. Steps For Successful Implementation

4. Possible Impediments

5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives

It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.
Reliable Subsea Oil and Gas Transportation Systems
Authors: Reith Charles A. , Lagstrom Kaj B.
Published: August 2021

This paper is seeking to provide feedback on the use and application of both API-RP-17N & ISO 20815 in subsea field developments and in the progression of floating production system designs by presenting findings and design study recommendations, which are collectively pushing engineering boundaries in the recovery of oil and gas from difficult operational and environmental locations. Lessons Learned, key issues encountered and feed-back are provided from the installation of a subsea facility infrastructure that will deliver gas into the U.K. network from a long distance subsea tieback West of Shetland in the UK Continental Sector and from various FPSO projects and from deep-water FLNG design developments.
Concept Exploration for a Mine-countermeasures Vessel Using a Packing-based Ship Synthesis Model
Authors: Zandstra Ruben J. , Duchateau Etienne A.E. , van Oers Bart J.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a summary of a recent concept exploration effort for the replacement of the “Tri-Partite” class mine-hunters conducted at the Netherlands Ministry of Defense’s Defense Materiel Organization. Both the process and the ship synthesis model that were used are extensively discussed. Of particular interest is the process, as it is the first time that a novel type of “packing-based” ship synthesis model was applied to a Royal Netherlands Navy procurement project. In all, the application of this novel ship synthesis model was deemed successful. It enabled the rapid evaluation of a wide range of alternatives in a short time-frame. Most importantly, the results of the concept exploration effort aided in the search for a technically and financially feasible solution.
Uncertainty Analysis for Ship Powering Performance Prediction Based on Model Tests
Authors: Wu Baoshan , Ji Shaopeng , Wang Wentao
Published: August 2021

International standards of energy efficiency design index (EEDI) for new ships from 2013 to 2025 have been in effect and it is very importance to make preliminary verification of EEDI of a ship at its design phase. Generally, a set of ship model tests in towing tank, including resistance tests, propeller open water tests and propulsion tests, are performed. However, it is a challenge yet to analyze the uncertainty in ship performance prediction based on these model tests. In this paper, a real example of bulk carrier is presented to demonstrate implementation of the ISO GUM into uncertainty analysis for prediction such powering performance in calm water, illustrating the detailed procedure for performance of model tests and uncertainty analysis in prediction. It is shown in this example the ship speed and the propeller rotating speed at 85% MCR are predicted at the level of confidence 95% as (13.65±0.19) knots and (132.9±1.6) rpm, respectively and additionally, the significant sources of uncertainty come from the measurement of drag in resistance tests and the towing forces in propulsion tests. That means higher precision or more repeat model tests would be required to obtain higher accuracy in prediction of a ship powering performance and less uncertainty in preliminary verification of EEDI at its design phase.
Verification and Validation of CFD for Surface Combatant 5415 for Straight Ahead and 20 Degree Static Drift Conditions
Authors: Bhushan S. , Yoon H. , Stern F. , Guilmineau E. , Visonneau M. , Toxopeus S. , Simonsen C. , Aram S. , Kim S.-E. , Grigoropoulos G.
Published: August 2021

Collaboration is described on verification and validation of CFD for surface combatant model 5415 for static drift B=0 and 20 degrees using recent experimental data for: forces and moment, wave elevations, and tomographic PIV planar and volume measurements of velocity, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), including analysis of vortex onset of separation, progression, instability and TKE budget. Results were obtained from five different solvers, which used different numerical and discretization schemes, free-surface and turbulence models and adapted grids ranging from 2.5M to 102M for =0 and 4.6M to 250M for =20. For =0, resistance and wave-elevation predictions compare within 2% and 3.5% of the data, respectively. Solvers agreed with the data for the onset of the primary vortices, but showed large variation in their progression and decay. URANS turbulence models predicted premature decay of vortices, whereas DES predicted too strong vortical structures and low resolved turbulence. The primary vortices exhibited open-type separation. For =20, forces and moment compared within 3.7% of the data, and wave-elevation within 8.5% of data. Simulations agreed with the data for the onset of primary vortices, but showed large variations for their progression and decay, and for the leeward sonar dome separation bubble and breaking waves. DES performed better than URANS for the prediction of vortex strength and TKE. The vortices show many open-, closed- or open-closed type separations. The primary vortices show helical mode instability, and the instability frequency for the sonar dome tip vortex at x/LPP =0.4 compared within 11.3%D of the data. TKE budget revealed that the production occurs at the vortex inception and is transported by pressure or turbulent fluctuations. The finite-difference solver provided better vortex decay predictions than finite-volume solvers for  = 0. Level-set and VoF provided similar wave elevation predictions except for breaking waves. The study indicates the need for more accurate turbulence closures. Future research should focus on investigation of: improved RANS models such as Reynolds stress transport model; and improved hybrid RANS/LES models to address the turbulence trigger and modeled stress depletion issues of DES.
The Resistance of Ice Breaking Ships Based on Model Tests
Authors: Cho Seong-Rak , Kang Kuk-Jin , Lee Sungsu
Published: August 2021

The two most important tasks of ice breaking ships are first to secure a sailing route by breaking the thick sea ice and second to sail efficiently herself for purposes of exploration and transportation in the polar seas. The resistance of ice breaking ships is a priority factor at the preliminary design stage; not only must their sailing efficiency be satisfied, but the design of the propulsion system will be directly affected. Therefore, the performance of ice-breaking ships must be accurately calculated and evaluated through the use of model tests in an ice model basin before construction starts. In this paper, a new procedure is developed, based on model tests, to estimate a ship’s ice resistance during continuous icebreaking in level ice. Some of the factors associated with crushing failures are systematically considered in order to correctly estimate her ice-breaking resistance, while the effects of the hull geometry, as reflected in the length, breadth, and draft of ships, are considered in calculating buoyancy and clearing resistance. Multiple regression analysis is calculated with each ice resistance component. This study is intended to contribute to the improvement of the techniques for ice resistance prediction with ice breaking ships.
A New Approach to Accident Analysis: Multiple Agent Perception-Action
Authors: Ibn Awal Zobair , Hasegawa Kazuhiko
Published: August 2021

The economic and social impact of maritime accidents are enormous and devastating. In recent times the world experienced some grievous accidents which put serious challenges to the existing methods of safety evaluation. Over the years many research has been conducted on risk analysis and improvement of safety standards. Yet accidents are taking place and human elements are the major contributing factors. This paper proposes a new technique based on logic programming (e.g. Prolog) method. It is considered that an accident is an unwanted event which initiates from hidden causes (e.g. various action(s)/perception(s) of ship crew). It is, therefore, discussed that using intelligent agents for evaluation of the actions/perceptions of ship crew may result in uncovering of the hidden root causes behind an accident. Intelligent agents are essentially computer programs which acts or behaves rationally according their percepts. The perception and action sequence of an intelligent agent depends on the given environment and knowledge base. Study reveals that such a technique may assist ship crew in evaluating their decisions for making a safe voyage. The merits and demerits of the method are discussed briefly and future recommendations are made.
Bank Effects for KVLCC2
Authors: Van Hoydonck Wim , Toxopeus Serge , Eloot Katrien , Bhawsinka Karan , Queutey Patrick , Visonneau Michel
Published: August 2021

A study is presented on ship-bank interaction effects in which viscous-flow solvers are used to predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments on the ship. The ship under consideration is the KRISO Very Large Crude Carrier (KVLCC2). For this hull form, Flanders Hydraulics Research (FHR) has conducted shallow water model tests in their towing tank equipped with surface-piercing banks and a vertical quay wall. The forces and moments on the KVLCC2 model were obtained for various water depths and lateral distances to the banks. Additionally, the wave elevation was measured between the quay wall and the ship model. In this study, two different CFD codes are used to predict the loads on the KVLCC2 as a function of the water depth and position in the channel. The effect of propeller suction and free surface modelling on the results is quantified. Furthermore, results are compared with potential flow computations to highlight the benefits of each approach. Additionally, comparisons will be made with CFD results from literature. The paper will show that with careful setup of the computations, reliable predictions of the ship-bank interaction effects can be obtained.
An Internal Turret Mooring System Design Under Squalls Off The Coast of West Africa
Authors: Yu Xiaochuan , Huang Liqing
Published: August 2021

Squalls are intense, low-level winds associated with storms, and they always begin suddenly and last for minutes. They are characterized by large variation of wind speeds. Squalls control the design wind condition for floating production, storage and offloading systems (FPSOs) off the coast of West Africa. In this paper, an internal turret mooring system is designed to study the effects of squalls on the prediction of extreme tensions and offsets, which will be compared with the results from the way of using constant wind speed. Various statistic values of extreme tensions will be calculated and applied in the design. The differences between these values will also be discussed. Finally, the tandem offloading analysis is also performed in order to calculate the extreme hawser loads for the purpose of hawser line design.
The Influence of Rule Changes on Design and Performance of Offshore Vessels – Myths Meet Reality
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Brett Per Olaf , Garcia Agis Jose Jorge , Brandt Ulrikke , Gaspar Henrique M.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate by “facts and figures” the perceived influence of rule changes, including but not limiting to the safety for special purpose ships (SPS) codes and marine regulatory changes since 2000, in the design of different offshore vessel. It is stated by many that practical design of offshore vessels, as one of the major groups of special purpose work vessels, has been significantly influenced by new rules introduced. For example, SPS code developments over the last years, have created challenges for designers besides endless argumentations to envelope proper sample of vessels for similar vessel based designs. The same problems are observed within performance benchmarking of samples and fleets of vessels over time series. However, enabling designers and decision makers in the early stage design phase to understand the impact of such codes and regulations on vessels’ price, performances, capacities and capabilities, is a significant and important issue, which has not been studied comprehensively during the last years. This influence study is based on two major design perspectives of ‘design for Efficiency’ and ‘design vessel for Effectiveness.
Improving the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms by the use of Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Muhabie Yohannes T. , Caprace Jean-David , Petcu Cristian , Rigo Philippe
Published: August 2021

The offshore wind energy development is highly affected by the condition of the weather at sea. Hence, it demands a well-organized planning of the overall process starting from the producers’ sites until the offshore site where the turbines will finally be installed. The planning phase can be supported with the help of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) where weather restrictions, distance matrix, vessel characteristics and assembly scenarios are taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to simulate the overall transport, assembly and installation of the wind turbine components at sea. The analysis is carried out through DES considering both the real historical weather data (wind speed and wave height) and probabilistic approach. Results of the study, applied to the real Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) configuration, are showing a good agreement between the two proposed models. The results point out that the probabilistic\ approach is highly affected by the semi-random numbers used to model the stochastic behavior of the input variable so that several iterations (200 to 400) are required to reach the convergence of the simulation outputs. We suggest that seasonality of the outputs of both models are preserved, i.e. the variation of the results depending on the variation of the weather along the year. These findings provide a new framework to address risks and uncertainties in OWF installations.
Development of a Collaborative Robot (COBOT) for Increased Welding Productivity and Quality in the Shipyard
Authors: Jones Jerald E. , Rhoades Valerie L. , Beard Jamie , Arner Radford M. , Dydo James R. , Fast Kenneth , Bryant Andrew , Gaffney John H.
Published: August 2021

The future of welding for shipbuilding is increasing automation. As quality and productivity requirements continue to increase, automated systems will be required to meet those demands. What processes cannot be automated will require more highly skilled welders. Today, the shipbuilding industry depends heavily on manual welders. The nature of shipbuilding is that much of the welding, is done to produce relatively small number of ships – compared to, for example, the automobile industry. Robot programming is difficult and expensive, particularly for the welding process. By amortizing that cost over tens of thousands of automobiles, that industry can afford to use welding robots. Recently, a new approach to robotics is being developed – Collaborative Robots, also known as COBOT’s which are designed to work alongside humans. A feasibility study has been completed to develop a welding COBOT, specifically for shipbuilding. The study has shown that this human-in-the-loop mobile welding COBOT can be successful in remotely producing welds, increasing the welding speed of a skilled welder, and not requiring scaffolding to produce the weld.
Development of a Field Instrument to Quantify Frictional Drag of an In-Service Ship Hull
Authors: Hunsucker J. Travis , Swain Geoffrey
Published: August 2021

It has been shown that the presence of marine fouling, even as a light slime, will cause a detrimental effect on the powering or speed of a full-scale ship. Studies from as early as the late 19th century have attempted to quantify the increase in power or decrease in speed imposed on a ship from the presence of hull roughness. The accurate quantification is limited and often difficult and expensive to obtain. The present study aims to develop an instrument that will remove some ambiguity by directly measuring the frictional drag of a ship in situ. Results from experimental testing of a prototype in the lab are presented and used to identify the channel length, height, and accuracy limitations of a field deployable prototype.
Dry Dock Inspection Methods for Improved Fouling Control Coating Performance
Authors: Swain Geoffrey , Lund Geir
Published: August 2021

Dry docking is the scheduled time when the fouling control coating is assessed, the hull refurbished and new coatings applied. The decisions made during this period will affect the performance of the ship for several years. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. has funded research at the Florida Institute of Technology to develop a strategy to improve their selection, application and management of ship hull coatings. The purpose of the research was threefold: establish an in-house baseline of performance to improve selection, maintenance and life cycle costs of the different commercially available coatings; improve quality control of dry dock procedures to include surface preparation and coating application; and insure that the ships are operating in compliance with both local and international regulations. The paper will present the methods that have been developed to measure specific aspects of the dry dock process and how this data may be used for quality control and coating selection.
Machine Spatial Air Gap Flux Density Analysis
Authors: Hodge C. G. , Eastham J. F.
Published: August 2021

Electrical rotating machines operate through the interaction of electrical currents with magnetic flux that may itself be created through other electrical currents. In both cases the magnetic flux present in the air gap of the machine is a crucial component of its overall performance dictating, among other things, torque (and hence machine size) and noise and vibration. Both these particular aspects are of prime importance to designers of electrical propulsion motors for naval applications. The prime aspect of the magnetic flux in the air gap is its shape or profile which has a direct bearing on both torque density and torque pulsations. This paper describes a method to analyse a machine winding through application of Fourier Series to determine the efficacy of the winding with regard to machine excitation. The method is first explained by analysing a conventional winding and then applied to a Fractional Slot Winding and a Dual Winding.
Similarity Assessment Method for Automated Curved Plate Forming
Authors: Park Jungseo , Mun Seunghwan , Hyun Chungmin , Kang Byungkwon , Ko Kwanghee
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a novel similarity estimation method for two shapes in the automated thermal forming is proposed. One shape is given as a CAD surface, and the other is given as a set of points measured points. These two shapes are registered with respect to a reference coordinate system so that they are aligned as closely as possible using the ICP based method. Three geometric properties are considered in the method. The first property is the distance between them. At each measured point, the closest distance to the CAD surface is computed, and the defined tolerance for the distances is used as a similarity measure. The second measure is the average distance of the minimum distances to the CAD surface at the measured points. The third one is the average of the bending strain values at the measured points and at the points on the CAD surface that are orthogonal projection points of the measured ones. The proposed similarity is computed as the linear combination of the three properties with weight values, which are determined empirically. Extensive experiments show that the proposed similarity method successfully computes the similarity of a plate to its CAD shape in the forming process.
Green Technology for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Shipping using Adjustable Speed Drive
Authors: Dabadgaonkar Sanjay , Sen Asim Kumar , Prasad Rajendra
Published: August 2021

The revised MARPOL Convention addresses emissions from ships under Annex VI, chapter 4, entered into force since 1st January 2013. It set mandatory measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from international shipping, with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) made mandatory for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) made a requirement for all ships. The major consumption of energy and burning of fuel onboard is generally required for Ballast water management, Sea water cooling, Cargo operation and Propulsion. Energy efficiency plays the most important role in reduction of energy consumption, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, accounting for up to 53% of total CO2 emission reductions onboard ship. In pumping applications onboard vessels for sea water cooling systems, the use of proposed Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) control can cut the energy consumption by as much as 60%. Here we have developed a model of adjustable speed drives for controlling high power centrifugal pumps onboard ship for energy conservation and eco-friendly sailing. The results of simulation shows that the proposed method of flow control using VFD not only saves energy but also reduces burning of fuel and also results in a reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore by the use of proposed Green, Smart and Intelligent technology, we can save significant energy and reduce emission of GHG, so as to meet stringent norms as per MARPOL ANNEX-VI, Chapter-4.
Optimized and Standardized Foundations for Naval Ships
Authors: Harbison M. , Koon W. , Smith V. , Haymon P. , Huang T. D.
Published: August 2021

As a result of enhanced performance and mission requirements for Navy ships, ship design has dramatically increased the use of higher strength, lightweight steels and various local reinforcements, e.g., deck inserts, ring stiffeners, etc., in foundation designs to satisfy the design requirements for supporting machinery, consoles, and weapon systems among others. In additional to operational loading requirements, most of these foundations must also be designed to satisfy shock, vibration and other combat system requirements. While the same piece of equipment may be used in other ship contracts, the foundations are uniquely designed and require a separate analysis and drawing package. Computer modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have helped reduce the labor required to analyze foundations, but the high number of “unique” foundations as well as changes which necessitate a new analysis still create a large workload for engineers. This is further compounded by increased costs in production due to greater numbers of unique parts and materials that must be marked, stored, and retrieved later for fabrication.

In this paper, we have developed a cost-savings potential of leveraging past foundations work in designing, analyzing, and drawing foundations in the future. The research team was able to estimate that, through a new design process that fully integrates previous foundations work, there is a potential for up to 40% savings on engineering foundations labor and up to 10% savings on production costs of foundations. The team also developed a blank “template” database that can be downloaded and customized to meet each shipyard’s needs for storing and accessing foundation design information.
Hydrodynamic Interaction Forces and Moments Prediction Methodology for the Ship Behavior Prediction During the Overtaking
Maneuver
Authors: Nikushchenko Dmitry V. , Zubova Anastasia A.
Published: August 2021

Provided within current research extensive numerical and theoretical investigations include real maneuvering condition cases when ship-to-ship interaction phenomena play a significant role. General methodology for hydrodynamic forces and moments’ results analysis and further application within the mathematical model of marine simulators is implemented. Real conditions cases include: ship wake flow interaction with the overtaking ship; interaction between ships; speeds and transverse distance variations. Numerical investigations are carried out with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods; analysis of numerical models is completed based on the CFD codes used widely. A significant part of research is devoted to the turbulence modeling focused on flow specifics.
Customer’s Waste at Dry-docking
Authors: Ghowel Ahmed Samir
Published: August 2021

Dry docking is a short period of time where a ship is placed inside a dry dock to finish a list of integrated jobs. During this period, any non-value work, generated by the Shipyard, is consider a waste of time and cost from the customer’s perspective. Different studies were made early to differentiate between value and non-value work done by the shipyard from the customer point of view. However author founds that, there are other different types of waste that generated by the customer himself which affects the project course. Therefore the burden of maximizing value and minimizing waste should be carried by the customer before the shipyard. And the shipyard in return should ensure that, because the loss impact on the shipyard will be more than on the customer. Case studies are utilized to demonstrate the customer’s waste and its impact on the shipyard during dry-docking. Showing the wastes from the shipyard’s perspective, instead of the customer’s, will enhance the customer’s scope and profit at the end of dry-docking. This will be guided by analytical methods to show, in figures, the owner’s loss and profit. The author’s objective, as project manager in a well-known shipyard, is to illustrate what is done and what should be done from the customer’s side to initiate and enforce Lean Ship repair. This paper explores the waste from the shipyard’s perspective, which if adopted by the customer, lean repair will be working in parallel on both sides.
Publish or Perish
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, FAAN Beth
Published: August 2021

In the past 10 years, APs have become more engaged in clinical research and publishing articles of interest for their peers. In fact, in 2019, there was a 24% increase in the number of submissions to JADPRO compared with the first year the journal was launched, in 2010. Advanced practitioners are well positioned to design and conduct clinical research, quality improvement projects, and to update peers on relevant information; however, many lack the time and resources to do so (Lambert & Housden, 2017). Advancing the science is an inherent desire for many APs, but knowing where to start and having strategies for writing can be overwhelming. For clinical APs, the importance of writing is becoming more important.
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in Breast Cancer: Impact on Surgical Resection, Oncologic Safety, and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Parks, MS, APRN-CNP, ANP-BC Lisa
Published: August 2021

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical option to improve patient satisfaction with aesthetic outcome. It can be utilized to decrease body image disturbance by preserving the woman’s skin and areolar complex. Data for cancer treatment and risk reduction in NSM shows the procedure is oncologically safe. Nipple-sparing mastectomy preserves the nipple to improve cosmetic appearance. Patient satisfaction is higher for NSM compared with traditional mastectomy. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1, 2013, to December 22, 2019. The following search terms and keywords were used: nipple-sparing mastectomy, microvascular breast reconstruction, breast cancer, and nipple necrosis. Studies published in scientific journals that reported objective results (specific outcomes of skin flap and nipple-areola complex necrosis) were included. Nipple-sparing mastectomy should be discussed as a surgical option for women who meet the selection criteria to assist with psychological benefits related to body image. Research comparing levels of distress and body image disturbances in women undergoing NSM with traditional mastectomy would be helpful in addressing the psychological care of these women. Ongoing data collection needs to continue to validate that NSM is safe from a surgical and an oncologic standpoint.
Management of Adverse Events Associated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Use in Adult Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase: An Advanced Practice Perspective
Authors: Bauer, RN, MSN, BC-FNP Stephanie , Comer, MSN, APRN Holly , Ramsey, RN, MSN, ANP-BC Brooke , Thomas, RN, MSN, ANP-C Katy
Published: August 2021

The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib have drastically improved the life expectancies of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). While survival outcomes are comparable across first-line TKIs, each TKI has a unique toxicity profile that should be considered before starting or managing any treatment. Furthermore, the safety and tolerability of TKIs are particularly important in CML-CP, as the majority of patients remain on treatment for several years or for life. Management of adverse events (AEs) is critical to ensure adherence to treatment and to maintain efficacy and quality of life; management should also be considered in the context of the patient’s molecular response to therapy to avoid switching TKIs unnecessarily. We present case studies examining pleural effusion occurring with bosutinib and dasatinib, cardiovascular events associated with nilotinib and ponatinib, and myelosuppression, which is common across all TKIs. We discuss the management of these AEs based on international guidelines and present our collective experience for advanced practitioners to consider.
Pegfilgrastim Biosimilars: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Selby, PharmD, BCOP Christopher , Peyton-Thomas, PharmD, BCOP Breanne , Eslami, PharmD Parnian
Published: August 2021

In 1991, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved rmetHuG-CSF for human use. This recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or filgrastim, saw use in over 1 million patients in its first 5 years on the market. In 2002, the FDA approved a version of filgrastim with covalent linkage to a monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, increasing the molecular size and half-life to replace multiple days of dosing with a single injection. These medications remained standard of care for neutropenia until the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 created an abbreviated pathway to licensure for biologic products. Practitioners now have their pick of numerous and expanding options for pegfilgrastim biosimilars.
Looking back- Looking forward: messages from experienced social workers for the recently qualified
Authors: Thoburn June , Berti Chiari , Canali Cinzia , Delgado Paulo , Neve Elisabetta , Vecchiato Tiziano
Published: August 2021

This paper first briefly scopes what is known about social workers who make a long-term commitment to working within child and family services, and possible explanations why some choose to remain long-term within this service setting. It then reports on the response of 32 long-serving social workers from 9 countries to an open-questions survey about the messages they would want to pass on to beginning social workers. The thematic analysis seeks to tease out the motivations, rewards and strategies that are associated with those who, in different country contexts, remain committed to and find satisfaction in child and family work. Whilst identifying similar themes to those reported in earlier publications on why some social workers leave and others stay, it adds to the still comparatively limited literature reporting on career-long child and family social workers.
An experience selecting quality features of apps for people with disabilities using abductive approach to explanatory theory generation
Authors: Larco Andres , Montenegro Carlos , Yanez Cesar , Luján-Mora Sergio
Published: August 2021

This study determines one of the most relevant quality factors of apps for people with disabilities utilizing the abductive approach to the generation of an explanatory theory. First, the abductive approach was concerned with the results’ description, established by the apps’ quality assessment, using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) tool. However, because of the restrictions of MARS outputs, the identification of critical quality factors could not be established, requiring the search for an answer for a new rule. Finally, the explanation of the case (the last component of the abductive approach) to test the rule’s new hypothesis. This problem was solved by applying a new quantitative model, compounding data mining techniques, which identified MARS’ most relevant quality items. Hence, this research defines a much-needed theoretical and practical tool for academics and also practitioners. Academics can experiment utilizing the abduction reasoning procedure as an alternative to achieve positivism in research. This study is a first attempt to improve the MARS tool, aiming to provide specialists relevant data, reducing noise effects, accomplishing better predictive results to enhance their investigations. Furthermore, it offers a concise quality assessment of disability-related apps.
High genetic diversity and mixing of coastal horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas) across major habitats in Sundaland, Indonesia
Authors: Aini Naila Khuril , Wardiatno Yusli , Effendi Hefni , Mashar Ali , Madduppa Hawis
Published: August 2021

Species with limited dispersal abilities are often composed of highly genetically structured populations across small geographic ranges. This study aimed to investigate the haplotype diversity and genetic connectivity of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in Indonesia. To achieve this, we collected a total of 91 samples from six main T. gigas habitats: Bintan, Balikpapan, Demak, Madura, Subang, and Ujung Kulon. The samples were amplified using primers for mitochondrial (mt) AT-rich region DNA sequences. The results showed 34 haplotypes, including seven shared and 22 unique haplotypes, across all localities. The pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) values were low (0 to 0.13) and not significantly different (p > 0.05), except among samples from Ujung Kulon-Madura and Kulon-Subang (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 34 analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the most variation within populations (95.23%) compared to less among populations (4.77%). The haplotype network showed evidence of shared haplotypes between populations. Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS test values indicated a population expansion. Our results showed a low level of differentiation, suggesting a single stock and high connectivity. Therefore, a regionally-based conservation strategy is recommended for the coastal horseshoe crab in Indonesia.
De la contradicción a la alternativa: la teoría urbana crítica como base para una investigación empírica en torno al derecho a la vivienda en el Área Metropolitana de Bilbao
Authors: Etxabe Ion
Published: August 2021

Algunas de las contradicciones internas del capitalismo avanzado, señaladas durante sus últimas etapas, conforman una ciudad excluyente. La necesidad de realizar correcciones en el modelo urbano actual presenta un considerable consenso y, sin embargo, sus principales conflictos se muestran estructurales. El artículo pone a prueba una herramienta teórica que busca comprender el origen sistémico de dichos conflictos, diseñada tanto para identificar las contradicciones generadas en procesos de gobernanza urbana –alimentadas, a la vez que superficialmente reguladas, por un sistema de ‘gobernanza más allá del estado’ desigual–, como para localizar alternativas, nacidas por y en contra de dichas contradicciones, que señalen posibles vías de salida. Tomando la vivienda como objeto y el Área Metropolitana de Bilbao como caso de estudio, se confirma la validez del instrumento y se señalan dos principales contradicciones del capitalismo en las que enmarcarlos, a partir de las cuales se apuntan algunas alternativas.
Vivienda social y pertenencia socioterritorial: el caso de la colonia González Gallo en Guadalajara, México
Authors: Cornejo Fernando
Published: August 2021

Tomando como punto de partida los recuerdos personales y las memorias compartidas en torno a las prácticas cotidianas de los primeros habitantes de la colonia González Gallo –construida hace cerca de setenta años en Guadalajara, México–, esta investigación aborda la importancia que tuvieron tanto el proyecto urbano-arquitectónico como el perfil social de las familias en la generación de un fuerte sentido de pertenencia socioterritorial. Andadores peatonales, espacios públicos centrales y bienes y servicios cercanos se convirtieron en lugares de encuentro e interacción para grupos familiares que, si bien tenían niveles socioeconómicos distintos, compartían el hecho de contar con hijos pequeños así como ser propietarios por primera vez en sus vidas de la casa que habitaban, lo que facilitó la construcción de fuertes lazos vecinales que en algunos casos se mantienen hasta hoy en día.
Mapeo y amenazas de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales de la pesca artesanal para el desarrollo regional en una subcuenca antropizada del occidente de México
Authors: Canales-Gómez Eréndira , Díaz-Gómez Romina , Cervantes-Ríos José , Téllez-López Jorge
Published: August 2021

Los pescadores artesanales reciben de la naturaleza servicios ecosistémicos culturales (SC) que son esenciales para su bienestar y que pueden afectarse por intervenciones de desarrollo que ignoran su importancia y ubicación. En este estudio cuantificamos la relevancia de estos SC, analizando las relaciones espaciales de su flujo e identificando las amenazas que los comprometen, a través de encuestas, entrevistas semiestructuradas, mapeo participativo y valoración social a pescadores de la subcuenca del río Mascota, estado de Jalisco, México. Los análisis revelaron que los SC integran la identidad colectiva e individual de los pescadores y ocurren en los ríos y cuerpos de agua próximos a las localidades principales. Las amenazas fueron disminución de la abundancia de peces y captura debido a malas prácticas, alteraciones de los ríos y pérdida del bosque de ribera. Esta investigación visibiliza el valor de los SC y propone acciones para su inclusión en los planes regionales de desarrollo.
El parque de Allende, los parques de Aylwin: proyectos urbanos y discursos políticos
Authors: Montealegre Pía
Published: August 2021

Este artículo analiza comparativamente dos momentos históricos en los que el parque urbano fue asociado a explícitos discursos políticos en Chile. En un extremo, la Unidad Popular (UP) y su manifiesto cometido de hacer del parque Cousiño un sitio de recreación obrera. En el otro extremo y con el retorno de la democracia, un programa de parques públicos impulsado por el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo. Mientras la primera operación fue la implantación de un modelo, la segunda indagó en la aplicación de una estrategia de diseño participativo. En ambos casos, el parque que buscó crear el Estado estuvo comandado a encarnar en el espacio las particularidades de cada momento histórico. El interés de esta comparación radica en, por una parte, comprender cómo la provisión de parques urbanos adaptó sus cometidos políticos durante el siglo XX; por otra, entender los alcances simbólicos de una obra pública en el entramado de los imaginarios urbanos.
Precariedad, trabajo y reproducción: el trabajo de las mujeres en el sector exportador de uva en Chile y Brasil
Authors: Cerda Becker Claudia , Silva de Almeida Camilla , Cavalcanti Barbosa Josefa Salete
Published: August 2021

La expansión del agronegocio de exportación en Latinoamérica ha ido acompañado de una creciente femeinización de la fuerza de trabajo. No obstante, las mujeres han sido incorporadas en condiciones poco favorables, ocupando empleos de baja calificación, bajos ingresos y temporales. El presente artículo propone investigar la precariedad de las condiciones de trabajo y de vida de las mujeres que trabajan como asalariadas en el sector de exportación de uva en el Valle San Francisco (Brasil) y en el Valle de Elqui/Limarí (Chile), proponiendo un análisis que integra tanto la esfera de la producción como de la reproducción. Esto con la finalidad de identificar las interconexiones existentes entre ambos ámbitos así como los principales mecanismos de extracción de plusvalor y de externalización de los costos a los hogares, implementados por las empresas.