bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دراسة علاقة الطول بالوزن ومعامل الحالة لبعض أنواع الأسماك المصاده من نهر دجلة قرب مدينة سامراء/صلاح الدين،العراق
Authors: شاكر هشام فاضل , وهاب نهاد خورشيد وهاب
Published: September 2021

أجريت الدراسة الحالية غرب نهر دجلة في منطقتي العباسية والرقة في مدينة ،سامراء، محافظة صلاح الدين، العراق، خلال الفترة بين تموز2018/ ولغاية حزيران/2019، اختلفت الأسماك المدروسة في قيم معامل الانحدار(b) لعلاقة اللوغارتمية بَيَّنَ الطول الكلي والوزن الكلي والذي تراوح بَيَّنَ 0.26 ،3.91 في سمكتي القطان والشلق على التوالي، وكانت أسماك الشبوط الأعتيادي والخشني والكارب الشائع يشير إلى التماثل النمو في قيمة معامل الأنحدار (b) والتي سجلت  3.07و3.08 و3.08 على التوالي في المحطة الأولى، أما في المحطة الثانية تراوحت قيم معامل الانحدار(b) بَيَّنَ 2.22 في الخشني و3.35 في البلطي الزيلي، وكانت أسماك البنيني كبير الفم والسمكة الذهبية والحمري والبلعوط طويل الأنف والبنيني صغير الفم يشير إلى التماثل النمو إذ سجلت قيمة (b) 3.01 ،3.02 ،3.04 ،3.06 ،3.09 على التوالي. تراوحت قيم معامل الحالة (K) بَيَّنَ 0.69- 2.03 في سمكتي الشلق والكارب الشائع على التوالي في المحطة الأولى، أما في المحطة الثانية تراوحت قيم (K) بَيَّنَ 0.21-2.11 في سمكتي المرمريج والبلطي الزيلي على التوالي.
In Between 21st Century Skills and Constructivism in ELT: Designing a Model Derived From a Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Orak Suheyla Demirkol , Al-khresheh Mohammad H.
Published: September 2021

While the 21st-century demands the learners to be technologically competent and self-driven to cope with technological advancement, the educational practitioners find it challenging to prepare the young learners to keep pace with this demand. However, in doing so, to prepare the learners as adaptable to the 21st-century demands, constructivism can be envisaged as the most time-appropriate and updated theory of the teaching-learning process, compared to other approaches. Specifically, because one of the requirements from the learners of the 21st-century is to be self-driven and take ownership of the learning, constructivism is the closest theory to achieve this goal. This position paper aims to build a procedural link within 21st-century expectations and its cooperation with the constructivist learning approach. The paper also offers a design for constructivist teaching in ELT classrooms in the 21st-century and defines the role of teachers and students, as established by the literature.
Continuous Integration for Machine Learning Experiments Reproducibility: a Practical Study
Authors: Andrade A. M. , Pereira M. B. , Silveira S. H. S. , Linhares F. I. F. , O. Neto A. H. , Andrade R. M. C. , Araújo I. L.
Published: September 2021

The development of a Machine Learning (ML) model depends on many variables in its training. Both model architecture-related variables, such as initial weights and hyperparameters, and general variables, like datasets and framework versions, might impact model metrics and experiment reproducibility. An application cannot be trustworthy if it produces good results only in a specific environment. Therefore, in order to avoid reproducibility issues, some good practices need to be adopted. This paper aims to report a practical experience in developing a machine learning application adopting a workflow that assures the reproducibility of the experiments and, consequently, its reliability, improving the team productivity.
A Decision Support System for Multiple Team Formation
Authors: Cunha Felipe , Perkusich Mirko , Almeida Hyggo , Perkusich Angelo , Gorgônio Kyller
Published: September 2021

This work presents a Decision Support System to assist multiple team formation in the context of software development. After analysis of recent works in the literature, it was found that the approaches are still unable to reflect the real needs of the industry, which makes their practical application difficult. Our findings confirm the benefits of our prototype developed to researchers who are interested in comprehending the team formation problem and industry practitioners who may be interested in understanding how Decision Support Systems can support the teams formation.
Fungal Growth and Mycotoxins Production: Types, Toxicities, Control Strategies, and Detoxification
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Chinaza , Nyakundi Ondari Erick , Josiah Eseoghene Ifie , Twinomuhwezi Hannington , Otuosorochi Amagwula Ikechukwu , Morya Sonia
Published: September 2021

Fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins are influenced by several factors. Environmental conditions such as temperature, water activity, and humidity affect mycotoxin production and fungal growth. Other factors such as pH, fungal strain, and substrate also play roles. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, sterigmatocystin (STC), citrinin, ergot alkaloids, ochratoxins, zearalenones (ZEAs), patulin, deoxynivalenol (DON), Alternaria toxins, tremorgenic mycotoxins, fusarins, cyclochlorotine, sporidesmin, 3-nitropropionic acid, etc. These toxins cause many health conditions in animals and humans, including death. A comprehensive approach starting from the field before planting, continuing throughout the entire food chain is required to control mycotoxin contamination. Good practices, such as proper field practices before and after planting, good harvest practices and postharvest handling, and proper drying and storage measures, help reduce mycotoxin contamination. Several physical, biological, and chemical techniques have been applied to help reduce/eliminate mycotoxin contamination. Food processing also play slight role in mycotoxins removal.
Evaluation of factors affecting morbidity, mortality, and graft survival in kidney transplant patients
Authors: SEVİM Muhammed Emre , YİLMAZ AYDİN Fatma , AYDİN Emre
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the clinical findings and affecting factors related to graft and patient survival in kidney transplant patients at Dicle University Hospital.

Method: 72 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2012 and September 2019 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of patients, transplantation types, clinical and laboratory findings, pre-transplant dialysis types, renal failure etiologies, post-transplant complications, average patient and graft survival times and patient characteristics at the time of diagnosis, laboratory values, and treatment modalities were investigated.

Results: In this study, the data collected from 72 patients who had kidney transplantation and 68 donors was analysed. The mean age of the patients was 32,7±13,8 years. 31 of patients were female, 41 were male. 56 of the transplants were performed living donors and 12 from cadavers. 9 patients died. The mean of patient survival was 94±3,4 months. Graft loss occured in 15 patients. The mean of graft survival was 86±4,3 months. Acute rejection occured in 10 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy occured in 19 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy was found more frequently in patients with acute rejection (p=0.017). In addition, graft loss was more common in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (p=0.002). The dialysis duration was less than 12 months, and the BMI of the recipient was below 30 had a positive effect on patient survival.

Conclusion: Recipient obesity and long-term dialysis programs reduce patient survival. In addition, prevention of rejection has a positive effect on patient and graft survival.
Combating Inequality in the Postwar City
Authors: Trotter Joe William
Published: September 2021

Despite significant achievements during the interwar years, the Pittsburgh branch encountered the persistence and even intensification of racial inequality in the postwar urban political economy. Deindustrialization, urban renewal, neighborhood depopulation, and global economic restructuring reinforced the color line in mid-20th century Pittsburgh. The Urban League emerged at the organizing center of early efforts to offset the destructive impact of these local, national, and transnational developments on the city's African American community. The agency pressed employers, public officials, and labor unions to increase opportunities for African Americans in a broad range of skilled, clerical, and professional occupations and stimulated the growth of the black middle class.
Small Screen, Big Feels
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

While television has always played a role in recording and curating history, shaping cultural memory, and influencing public sentiment, the changing nature of the medium in the post-network era finds viewers experiencing and participating in this process in new ways. They skim through commercials, live tweet press conferences and award shows, and tune into reality shows to escape reality. This new era, defined by the heightened anxiety and fear ushered in by 9/11, has been documented by our media consumption, production, and reaction. In Small Screen, Big Feels, Melissa Ames asserts that TV has been instrumental in cultivating a shared memory of emotionally charged events unfolding in the United States since September 11, 2001. She analyzes specific shows and genres to illustrate the ways in which cultural fears are embedded into our entertainment in series such as The Walking Dead and Lost or critiqued through programs like The Daily Show. In the final section of the book, Ames provides three audience studies that showcase how viewers consume and circulate emotions in the post-network era: analyses of live tweets from Shonda Rhimes's drama, How to Get Away with Murder (2010--2020), ABC's reality franchises, The Bachelor (2002--present) and The Bachelorette (2003--present), and political coverage of the 2016 Presidential Debates. Though film has been closely studied through the lens of affect theory, little research has been done to apply the same methods to television. Engaging an impressively wide range of texts, genres, media, and formats, Ames offers a trenchant analysis of how televisual programming in the United States responded to and reinforced a cultural climate grounded in fear and anxiety.
Escaping Reality by Watching Reality TV?
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter Two turns to reality television, exploring three theories of emotion that explain the rise of this televisual genre in the wake of 9/11. A study of the 2000-2010 programming schedule reveals the cultural anxieties with which producers and viewers of these shows (dis)engage. Although often considered superficial, lowbrow entertainment products meant primarily for escapist purposes, this essay argues that reality television programs grapple with important societal concerns: surveillance culture and privacy rights; the pressure of identity performance in the social media era; and shifting social, domestic, and familial expectations for men and women.
The Trauma of Post-Apocalyptic Motherhood
Authors: Ames Melissa
Published: September 2021

Shifting from a focus on fictional fathers to fictional mothers, Chapter Five, analyzes the ways in which AMC's hit show, The Walking Dead (2010-present), critiques contemporary gender roles. Through a study of one particular character, Carol Peletier (Melissa McBride), this essay argues that the violent landscape of the zombie narrative might be an ideal space in which to interrogate conceptions of femininity more broadly, and maternity more specifically. This essay attends to the ways in which this character was punished within the narrative of the show for deviating from gender norms, but was embraced by fans on social media for those very same actions.
Lucky in the Last Years
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

This chapter takes the reader to aging Harry Dean Stanton's Mulholland Drive home where he watched game shows, worked crossword puzzles, entertained guests with his music. Often he came in late after dinner at Ago and drinks at Dan Tana's, staying up into the wee hours, smoking his cigarettes, going to bed alone. His two closest relatives, Sara Stanton and Jim Huggins Jr., became his protectors when his health failed. At work, he scored important supporting roles in The Man Who Cried (2000) with Johnny Depp and Sean Penn's The Pledge (2001). He was memorable as devious Mormon patriarch Roman Grant in the HBO series Big Love. He was in a handful of forgettable films, too, before landing the lead in his final film Lucky (2017), written by his personal assistant Logan Sparks and Drago Sumonja. The storyline was roughly Harry Dean's own, a fitting screen farewell as health issues landed him in a series of hospitals. Sara and Jim stood guard as legions of friends and fans came to pay homage. He died fearful of death despite the consolations of Zen teaching. His remains were returned to Lexington and placed near his mother's grave.
Postscript
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

Harry Dean Stanton had a profound impact on the people around him. Friends like Ed Begley Jr., Jamie James, and Dennis Quaid said he changed their lives in major ways. Although he suffered betrayals in life, he also experienced true love and loyalty in those who knew him best. He never won an Oscar, but he was celebrated and feted in his last years. Two documentaries were devoted to his life and work. A star-studded event at the Ace Hotel in downtown Los Angeles paid tribute to him. He inspired songs by Debbie Harry and others, and he recorded a CD of some of his best songs. Most importantly, fellow Kentuckian Lucy Jones created an annual film festival in his honor in his hometown of Lexington, Kentucky. Each year actors, directors, and musicians come to sing his praises, and in 2014 he came himself, accompanied by longtime friend Michelle Phillips. He didn't believe in an afterlife yet he left a legacy in his work and in the heartfelt affection of those who knew him that in itself is an afterlife, one that would have made him proud.
A Simple Justice
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

When the Declaration of Independence was signed by a group of wealthy white men in 1776, poor white men, African Americans, and women quickly discovered that the unalienable rights it promised were not truly for all. The Nineteenth Amendment eventually gave women the right to vote in 1920, but the change was not welcomed by people of all genders in politically and religiously conservative Kentucky. As a result, the suffrage movement in the Commonwealth involved a tangled web of stakeholders, entrenched interest groups, unyielding constitutional barriers, and activists with competing strategies. In A Simple Justice, Melanie Beals Goan offers a new and deeper understanding of the women's suffrage movement in Kentucky by following the people who labored long and hard to see the battle won. Women's suffrage was not simply a question of whether women could and should vote; it carried more serious implications for white supremacy and for the balance of federal and state powers -- especially in a border state. Shocking racial hostility surfaced even as activists attempted to make America more equitable. Goan looks beyond iconic women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to reveal figures whose names have been lost to history. Laura Clay and Madeline McDowell Breckinridge led the Kentucky movement, but they did not do it alone. This timely study introduces readers to individuals across the Bluegrass State who did their part to move the nation closer to achieving its founding ideals.
Jars of Clay
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

In the 1800s and 1890s, the Clay women -- Mary Jane Warfield Clay and her daughters Mary, Sallie, Laura, and Annie -- were the main force behind Kentucky's suffrage movement. This chapter explains why they chose to embrace a controversial cause and discusses the important ways they shaped the movement, bringing their class and racial views to bear on its development. This chapter traces the creation of the Kentucky Woman Suffrage Association and its rebirth as the Kentucky Equal Rights Association several years later when Laura Clay stepped up to be the primary suffrage leader in Kentucky.
All Women Cannot Be Heroes
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

This chapter traces efforts to recruit and mobilize suffragists in the far corners of the state, away from the traditional powerhouses of northern and central Kentucky. It describes tactics encouraged by state and national leaders such as paid organizers, strategic placement of conventions, and reduced requirements for membership. Despite Laura Clay's best efforts and her insistence that her Kentucky Plan for membership recruitment would help NAWSA win “the argument of numbers,” suffrage remained a highly controversial issue in the state's rural communities and the movement would always struggle to grow there.
Ignis Fatuus
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

Returning to the opening scene of the book, this chapter explains the factors that led Laura Clay to resign from KERA and to oppose ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. By 1916, the National American Woman Suffrage Association had endorsed Carrie Chapman Catt's “Winning Plan,” pledging to pursue a federal amendment as its key goal and demanding that states shelve their own plans in favor of national goals. Clay lined up with many southern “states' rights suffragists” such as Kate Gordon and continued to advocate for a state route to the ballot.
The RAF Staff College in the Interwar Years
Authors: Gray Peter W.
Published: September 2021

This chapter traces the RAF's emphasis since the mid-1970s on the conceptual component of air power, discussing among other themes the creation of the Director of Defence Studies and the Royal Air Force Centre for Air and Space Power Studies. Further it describes the aims and benefits of the integration of university faculty into upper level air force education courses and the equally productive placement of selected RAF officers in a range of academic programs in first ranked UK universities where the mix with civilian students provides additional benefits. These 'CAS fellowships' have produced, say the authors, 300 officers with unique perspectives which guarantee that RAF servicemen and women deliver quality intellectual input into questions of national security, ensuring that matters of air and space power are authoritatively articulated.
Giulio Douhet and the Influence of Air Power Education in Interwar Italy
Authors: Sica Emanuele
Published: September 2021

This chapter probes Trenchard's rationale for forming RAF Staff College Andover starting with an examination of what these institutions were actually intended to accomplish. It will then look at what was actually taught at Andover with the balance between training mid-seniority officers to become staff officers and educating future commanders. The chapter will also examine the overall value of the Staff College system and the interaction between air power conceptual thinking, the formation of doctrine, and the pedagogic process at Andover. Although Trenchard, the air staff and his senior instructors emphasised training and education, this chapter argues that there was a far greater focus on the former.
International Crises, 1937–1940
Authors: Schmitz David F.
Published: September 2021

Facing increasing aggression abroad with the German reoccupation of the Rhine, Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, Japan's attack on China, and Germany's absorption of Austria, and the failure of the Munich Conference and the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, Roosevelt began a campaign to educate the American people to understand the threat these actions posed to the United States and to support preparedness and his internationalist foreign policy. Beginning with the Quarantine Speech, the president challenged sought revisions of the Neutrality Act as he challenged the position of non-intervention, began a buildup of American forces, and forged a closer relationship with Great Britain. While his efforts failed to prevent war, Roosevelt launched a great debate over America's role in the world that began moving public opinion away from neutrality to internationalism.
Victory, Roosevelt’s Synthesis, and the Postwar World, 1944–1945
Authors: Schmitz David F.
Published: September 2021

The success of the D-Day landing on June 6, 1944 began the last stage of World War II that culminated in victory in Europe in May 1945 and Asia in August 1945. While Roosevelt did not live to see the final victories, his actions in 1944 and early 1945 shaped much of the postwar period. The month after the landings at Normandy beach, forty-four nations met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire where they established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In August, delegates from around the world gathered at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington to begin the establishment of the United Nations. In February, 1945, the Big Three met again at Yalta to plan for the end of the war, occupation of Germany, and postwar peace.
American Dreams
Authors: Nicholson James C.
Published: September 2021

Chapter One discusses the rural roots of the men most responsible for Zev's racing career: oil tycoon Harry F. Sinclair, the owner; cantankerous trainer Sam Hildreth; and jockey Earl Sande, a budding national celebrity. Profiles in American newspapers during the buildup to the Race of the Century described the three men's rise from humble, rural roots in the American heartland using language that evoked romantic visions of the mythical American frontier and Old West. These stories of the achievement of the American Dream affirmed the notion of the United States as a place where anyone could succeed through hard work and fair play, even as the environment that had produced their ascent had, by the 1920s, become a distant memory for many, amid an increasingly bureaucratized, industrial postwar modernity in which the United States was a global superpower, trending toward oligarchy, and the world's greatest consumer of mass spectacle.
British Invasion
Authors: Nicholson James C.
Published: September 2021

Chapter Five discusses the origins of the International Race and the British contestants' transatlantic voyage to America. August Belmont II, chairman of the powerful Jockey Club in New York, convinced Benjamin Irish, the farmer and caterer of relatively modest means who owned Epsom Derby winner Papyrus, to agree to a match race against a to-be-determined American horse. Kentucky Derby champion Zev was the likeliest choice. Admiral Cary T. Grayson, friend and physician to former president Woodrow Wilson, owned the other leading American candidate, My Own. But Hildreth and Sinclair manipulated the selection process. Newspaper coverage of the procedural gamesmanship helped to hype the event. Sportswriters' profiles of the men associated with the English horse -- including jockey Steve Donoghue, who had risen from a rough industrial town to become the most famous rider in the world, and a modest second-generation Newmarket trainer named Basil Jarvis -- spread the ballyhoo nationwide.
6
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

In 1956, Jayne films the delightful rock and roll comedy The Girl Can't Help It, directed by Frank Tashlin, becoming the hottest Hollywood property of the year. She divorces Paul Mansfield, and she and Mickey continue their rounds as the favorite subjects of the paparazzi.
18
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

In early 1962, Jayne and Mickey are nearly killed in a boating accident, which the press brushes off as a publicity stunt. Jayne's years on many TV quiz shows and talk shows will be covered here (The Match Game, What's My Line?, I've Got a Secret, Jack Paar, Johnny Carson).
21
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Jayne separates from Mickey, has an affair with singer Nelson Sardelli, quickly reunites with Mickey, and gives birth to Mariska Hargitay on January 24, 1964. Jayne makes the German film Heimweh nach St. Pauli, and the violent film noir Dog Eat Dog in Dubrovnik.
Introduction
Authors: Erish Andrew A.
Published: September 2021

The Introduction addresses the relative lack of familiarity with Vitagraph among generations of cineastes, compared with the widespread popularity of production companies that followed in its wake. This is especially ironic given the fact that for years every movie fan in the world knew that Vitagraph was the leading producer of motion pictures. It is argued that one of the principal reasons for this schism is the misattribution within the historical canon of innovations and achievements credited to the second generation of filmmakers that in reality were actually accomplished by Vitagraph. The relatively scant and unreliable information concerning Vitagraph has necessitated this comprehensive examination of the company and the contributions of some key personnel, drawn from primary sources that have been neglected for nearly a century.
1909–1913
Authors: Erish Andrew A.
Published: September 2021

Chapter Three charts Vitagraph's ascendency in becoming the world's leader in motion picture production, during which time the company earned one million dollars in annual net profit. This was derived exclusively from foreign earnings due to the mismanagement of the Patents Company's domestic distribution arm. Part of Vitagraph's popularity is attributed to the crediting and promotion of its actors via the creation of the first trade and fan magazines devoted exclusively to the movies. There are in-depth profiles of such leading players "Vitagraph Girl" Florence Turner, matinee idol Maurice Costello, and comedian John Bunny, who was widely regarded as the most recognizable man in the world. The significance of Vitagraph's Los Angeles studio in the production of popular Westerns is considered. The chapter also includes an analysis of the company's development of a sophisticated cinematography aesthetic to complement particular narratives, an approach that later came to be labeled "film noir".
Sobre a Terra e Sobre o Mar
Authors: de Sá Alexandre Franco ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The present article tries to consider the present circumstances of the phenomenon of war starting from an opposition between Carl Schmitt and Michael Walzer. Starting from the essential link between jus ad bellum and jus in bello, the author tries to analyse the kind of war that arises from the crisis of jus ad bellum: a war reduced to self defence, based on enemy’s criminalization and justified as a police action with humanitarian rhetoric. Based on that analysis, he argues that the inevitable consequence of taking away the jus belli from sovereign power is the increasing of war’s intensity and violence itself.
James Madison e a Protecção dos Direitos Individuais
Authors: Gomes André José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of Statesman James Madison - in its theoretical and practical component - to the solution of a classical problem of Political Philosophy: how is it possible to guarantee the protection of citizens within a political project that deeply involves them? First, we will consider Madison’s theoretical contributions, examining his letters, political writings and speeches; secondly, we will analyse his participation in the discussion and framing of the American Bill of Rights (1791), there by trying to widerstand the reasons for its success and how important Madison’s procedures and observations were in accomplishing it.
Filosofia na História
Authors: Chataignier Gustavo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho se debruça sobre a noção de crítica em filosofia, tendo por base alguns dos modelos chave erigidos pela chamada “Escola de Frankfurt”, a saber, o texto fundador de Max Horkheimer, “Teoria tradicional e teoria crítica”, e uma perspectiva contemporânea de sua terceira geração, com a concepção de Axel Honneth sobre o reconhecimento hegeliano, bem como seu comentário acerca de tal tradição. Além das descrições das referidas concepções, aposta-se na ideia de crítica como uma historicidade aberta, engendrada por uma dialética entre continuidade e ruptura, cuja norma exige o exame imanente caso a caso. Para tanto, mobilizam-se os conceitos modais de Hegel – necessidade, possibilidade, efetividade – guiados pela contingência, ao lado de uma noção de determinação presente.
Informed Altruism and Utilitarianism
Authors: Rosebury Brian ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: September 2021

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that assigns value impartially to the well-being of each person. Informed Altruism, introduced in this article, is an intentionalist theory that relegates both consequentialism and impartiality to subordinate roles. It identifies morally right or commendable actions (including collective actions such as laws and policies) as those motivated by a sufficiently informed intention to benefit and not harm others. An implication of the theory is that multiple agents may perform incompatible actions and yet each be acting rightly in a moral sense.
Histologic Findings in Surgical Pathology Specimens From Individuals Taking Masculinizing Hormone Therapy for the Purpose of Gender Transition
Authors: Andrews Alicia R. , Kakadekar Archan , Greene Dina N. , Khalifa Mahmoud A. , Santiago Victor , Schmidt Robert L.
Published: September 2021

Context.—

Transgender men and transmasculine persons experience a discordance between the female sex they were assigned at birth and their gender. They may choose to take hormone therapy and/or undergo surgery to masculinize the body. Understanding the common (and less common) histologic changes present in patients taking masculinizing hormones will empower pathologists to better serve this unique patient population.

Objective.—

To summarize histologic findings in surgical pathology specimens from persons taking masculinizing hormones as a part of gender transition.

Data Sources.—

A systematic review of the OVID Medline and PubMed databases was performed to identify all studies describing histologic findings in surgical pathology specimens from transgender men from January 1946 to January 2021.

Conclusions.—

Publication in this area has markedly increased in the last 2 decades. However, most of the studies identified were descriptive and case reports describing changes seen in specimens removed as a part of masculinizing surgical procedures. Benign histologic findings include stromal hyalinization and epithelial atrophy in the breast, polycystic ovarian syndrome–like changes in the ovary, and transitional cell metaplasia in the cervix. The most commonly reported neoplastic finding was adenocarcinoma of the breast, with rare cases of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vaginal, pituitary, pancreatic, and cardiovascular neoplasia also reported. Ongoing research in this area is needed to better characterize the histologic findings in persons taking masculinizing hormones to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of these treatments on different tissues and facilitate better patient management.
Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate medical students' lifestyle
Authors: de la Cruz Vargas Jhony , Orejón Daniel , Roldan Luis , Correa-López Lucy , Soto Alonso
Published: September 2021

Introduction It is required to have validated instruments in health science students that identify unhealthy habits and assess the impact of educational interventions and programs aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure medical students' lifestyles. Methods A lifestyle questionnaire was developed using the Delphi technique by a group of experts. The final questionnaire was applied to 332 students of the School of Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University in 2017. A preliminary examination was carried out to assess preconditions for construct validity—including the correlation matrix, the Kaiser Meyer Olkin statistic, and the Bartlett sphericity test. Factor analysis was used for construct validity, and the possible resulting factors were extracted through the principal component analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the instrument reliability. Results In this study, 41.6% of participants were men with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation = 3). The preconditions for the factor analysis were a Kaiser Meyer Olkin coefficient = 0.773 and a significant Bartlett sphericity test. For the 47 items of the final questionnaire, the factor analysis showed an explained variance of 56.7% with eigenvalues greater than one. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The final questionnaire could assume values between -23 to 151 points. Based on a cut point of 71 points, the prevalence of students with an unhealthy lifestyle was 73.6%. Conclusion The developed instrument has acceptable validity and reliability to measure lifestyle in medical students. For external validation, studies in other university populations are suggested.
Psychometric validation of the Peruvian version of a short scale to assess psychological violence in health professionals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abregú-Tueros Luis Fidel , Huaroc Yefry Joel , Dimas Cármen K. , Cruz Gonzáles Gloria E.
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to adapt a Peruvian version of the brief scale to assess psychological violence in health professionals (EVP-salud), exploring its validity and reliability properties. Methods We made a cross-sectional study of psychometric evaluation conducted between January 2019 and February 2020. It involved the voluntary and anonymous participation of 316 health professionals and administrative workers from 17 health centers in Peru, who were administered the 22-item psychological violence scale. In addition, three other instruments were used to assess convergent and discriminative validity. Results In contrast to other findings using similar instruments, the item composition of the abbreviated psychological violence scale converges on three components that assess isolation, intimidation, and belittling violence. This validation provides evidence of good fit in criterion and construct, explaining 66.7% of the accumulated variance and up to 54.3% when the final version is reduced to 13 items and three factors. The data reflect a high inverse association between psychological violence and intrinsic job satisfaction. Conclusions The empirical results indicate psychometric properties of the instrument, with strong support in the validity and appropriate reliability according to the internal consistency indexes.
“Evacuate the dancefloor”: Exploring and classifying spotify music listening before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in DACH countries
Authors: Kalustian Kework K. , Ruth Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Many people used musical media via music streaming service providers to cope with the limitations of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accounting for such behavior from the perspective of uses-and-gratifications theory and situated cognition yields reliable explanations regarding people’s active and goal-oriented use of musical media. We accessed Spotify’s daily top 200 charts and their audio features from the DACH countries for the period during the first lockdown in 2020 and a comparable non-pandemic period situation in 2019 to support those theoretical explanations quantitatively with open data. After exploratory data analyses, applying a k-means clustering algorithm across the DACH countries allowed us to reduce the dimensionality of selected audio features. Following these clustering results, we discuss how these clusters are explainable using the arousal-valence-circumplex model and possibly be understood as (gratification) potentials that listeners can interact with to modulate their moods and thus emotionally cope with the stress of the pandemic. Then, we modeled a cross-validated binary SVM classifier to classify the two periods based on the extracted clusters and the remaining manifest variables (e.g., chart position) as input variables. The final test scenario of the classification task yielded high overall accuracy in classifying the periods as distinguishable classes. We conclude that these demonstrated approaches are generally suitable to classify the two periods based on the extracted mood clusters and the other input variables, and furthermore to interpret, by considering the model-related caveats, everyday music listening via those proxy variables as an emotion-focused coping strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in DACH countries.
Pengaruh lokasi terhadap serangan lalat puru Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) pada tumbuhan eksotik invasif Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson dan interaksinya dengan komunitas serangga lokal
Authors: Lukvitasari Luna , Hermanu Triwidodo  , Rizali Akhmad , Damayanti Buchori
Published: September 2021

Lalat puru Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pertama kali diintroduksi ke Indonesia untuk mengendalikan gulma invasif Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson atau kirinyuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tipe dan lokasi habitat, dan keberadaan musuh alami yang berhubungan dengan lalat puru terhadap tingkat serangannya. Penelitian dilakukan di berbagai tipe habitat di Bogor dan Lampung Selatan dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2019. Tiga puluh sampel tanaman diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kurva spesies area. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan puru di setiap lokasi dan habitat, kemudian dilakukan pemeliharaan puru selama ±1 bulan untuk melihat serangga yang keluar dari dalam puru di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakutas Pertanian, IPB University. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lokasi pengamatan mempengaruhi tingkat serangan lalat puru terhadap kirinyuh dan parasitisasi lalat puru oleh parasitoid, sedangkan habitat tidak mempengaruhi keduanya. Kemudian, terdapat serangga lain yang berasosiasi dengan kirinyuh selain lalat puru di dalam puru, yaitu Lonchaea sp.
Early Detection of Vulvovaginal Graft-Versus-Host Disease: An Integrative Review
Authors: L. Ten Hagen, DNP, APRN, FNP-C Payton , Bowe, MSN, APRN, ANP-C Christi , E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP Joyce
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Vulvovaginal graft-vs.-host disease (VVGvHD) is a condition caused by a T-cell mounted immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT), which can lead to sclerotic changes of the external genital organs. A common complication of alloHSCT, VVGvHD is underreported and underdiagnosed in female patients. Without detection and treatment, VVGvHD can progress to complete obliteration of the vaginal canal requiring surgical intervention in severe cases. Design: This review summarizes findings to assist providers in detecting and treating VVGvHD. It utilized PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of female patients, a history of stem cell transplantation, and a history of VVGvHD. Studies not published in English and dated more than 15 years were excluded. After the evaluation of 333 articles, 10 were included based on relevance and applicability. Limitations of this review included small sample sizes, retrospective nature of articles, and lack of randomized control trials. Findings: Early identification of VVGvHD requires identifying the rate of occurrence and risk factor profile, recognizing the presenting symptoms, improving VVGvHD assessment techniques, ascertaining when to biopsy, and establishing clinically targeted surveillance programs. Conclusion: For female patients who have undergone alloHSCT, targeted surveillance for early identification of VVGvHD results in earlier treatment initiation. Subsequently, this can improve sexual health, partner relationships, and quality of life in patients after stem cell transplant.
”Er jeg akademiker nok?” – masseuniversitetets studenterkampe om legitim uddannelseskultur
Authors: Højbjerg Karin , Martinussen Marie
Published: September 2021

Siden anden verdenskrig er antallet af studerende på videregående uddannelser øget dramatisk. Som noget nyt har også professionsbachelorer adgang til visse af univer¬si-teternes kandidatuddannelser. Dette gælder således for kandidatuddannelsen i Læring og Forandringsprocesser på Aalborg Universitet, hvor denne artikels empiri er genereret fra. Artiklen fremlægger resultaterne af en undersøgelse af, hvordan studerende med forskellige uddannelsesbaggrunde må kæmpe om at definere sig selv og medstuderende som akademikere. Artiklens hovedbegreber er taget fra Pierre Bourdieus praktikteori (Bourdieu, 1996; 1997). Det empiriske materiale består af interviews med otte studerende fra samme årgang på kandidatuddannelsen i Læring og Forandringsprocesser. Materialet er bearbejdet ud fra et Bourdieuinspireret, relationelt blik og er kondenseret ned til fremtrædende træk ved forskelligartede strategier.Artiklen viser eksempler på fire studiestrategier, der relaterer sig til, hvordan man som studerende forholder sig til det at arbejde ”akademisk”: En oprørsstrategi der går mod forestillingen om den dominerende universitetskultur ; en strategi der i udgangspunktet ønsker at inkludere og anerkende andre strategier, men med en oplevelse af at motivationen gradvist forsvinder ; en strategi hvor den studerende aktivt afviser og undgår samarbejde med studerende med bestemte uddannel¬ses¬baggrunde, og endelig en kulturelt opadgående strategi der gradvis er lykkedes med at aflæse den ”akademiske kode".The number of students entering higher education since the Second World War has grown dramatically. As a consequence, students from University Colleges are now given admittance to certain master programmes at the established universities. This article presents the results of a study of how students with different educational backgrounds struggle to define themselves and their fellow students as academics.  In this study we focus on students on the Master of Arts in Learning and Innovative Change at Aalborg University Copenhagen. The empirical material consists of eight interviews with same year students from the programme. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s praxeology (1996, 1997), the material is coded from a relational perspective and condensed to significant traits of strategies. The data reveals four significant examples of strategies used by students in their endeavors to work ‘academically’. These strategies are as follows: A strategy of counter action towards the university culture; a receptive strategy; a rejecting strategy; and a culturally ascending strategy where the student gradually succeeds in cracking the ‘academic code’.
Danske studieledere står ved en kritisk skillevej
Authors: Harboe Thomas
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel sætter fokus på studielederne ved de danske universiteter. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i de seneste 20-30 års universitetsreformer, hvor man finder et gennemgående ønske om, at studielederne – lige som den øvrige ledelse ved universiteterne – skal ”styrkes” på forskellig vis. De studieledere, der blev interviewet ifbm. ph.d.-projektet (Harboe 2013), er imidlertid ikke de veldefinerede ledere, som universitetsreformerne angiveligt lægger op til. Tværtimod tegnes et billede af studieledere, der står i en mere indirekte og forhandlingspræget kobling til deres omgivelser. Studielederne er på den anden side ikke i tvivl om, at universiteterne i stigende grad er domineret af NPM-reformer. Konsekvensen er, at studielederne står ved en kritisk skillevej mellem traditionel kollegial ledelseskultur og en NPM-inspireret virksomhedspræget ledelseskultur..

In this paper we focus on an investigation of heads of study at Danish universities. Over the past 20-30 years, reforms at Danish universities have called for "strengthened" educational leadership. However, the results of this PhD project reveal that the role of study head is often still not well defined and that many heads lack an authoritative leadership style (Harboe 2013). I found negotiation was preferred over more direct management, even if the approach did not seem suited to the situation. As negotiators, heads of study tend to manage indirectly. This means that they are unable to issue commands and constantly try to communicate in a pleasant and respectful manner. Although, negotiation is still the preferred management style for heads of study at Danish universities, most are aware of what the New Public Management (NPM) reforms mean for their position. It is, therefore, my conclusion that Danish university study heads are currently at a critical juncture between traditional collegial management culture and NPM-inspired business-like managerial practice.
Tilstræbt og realiseret tværfaglighed i universitetsundervisning
Authors: Lindvig Katrine , Ulriksen Lars
Published: September 2021

Formålet med denne artikel er at give undervisere, som er involveret i tværfaglige uddannelser og undervisning, et grundlag for at kunne reflektere over og dis-kutere følgende: Hvad sker der med tværfagligheden i undervisningen, og hvor-dan hænger det sammen med de didaktiske valg i planlægning og udførelse? I artiklen sammenholder og præsenterer forfatterne først de mest udbredte beteg-nelser for tværfaglighed. Ved hjælp af en case bestående af et tværfagligt kursus, udbudt over flere gange og med forskelligt design, peger forfatterne herefter på nogle af de udfordringer, der er forbundet med at praktisere tværfaglig un-dervisning. Artiklen konkluderer, at centrale didaktiske overvejelser om stofud-vælgelse, arbejdsformer, eksamensformer samt deltagerforudsætninger og for-ventninger har afgørende betydning for realiseringen af den tilstræbte tværfag-lighed.

This paper looks at questions relevant to the increasing number of teachers involved in interdisciplinary courses at university level. In particular it considers the link between the intended and the realized interdisciplinarity in teaching and how this is related to the didactical planning. Drawing on one case - an interdisciplinary master course offered three times and each time with a new design - the authors highlight some of the challenges associated with interdisciplinary teaching practice. Based on this case, the authors conclude that balancing teacher expectations with possible course outcomes, selecting and organizing course content as well as examination type, all have a massive impact on whether the intended interdisciplinarity is realized over the duration of the course.