bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on vibration induced by the coupled heat and force due to rotor-to-stator rub
Authors: Yong-Wei Tian , Jian-Gang Yang
Published: November 2010

The paper sets up a set of coupled nonlinear differential equations with time variable coefficients to research the vibration of rotating machinery under rotor to stator rub condition. The seal stiffness, which is used to calculate rotor-stator contact force and rotor surface temperature distribution, is calculated using the finite element method firstly. Then, the transient heat conduction equations and rotor dynamic equations are combined together considering the thermal bending as unbalance fore acting on the rotor. The feedback from rub to vibration, asymmetric heat and shaft bending is analyzed by transient integration. The paper gives a detailed temperature distribution, thermal bending and vibration characteristics under different rotating speeds and rub conditions. It is found that rub-induced vibration tends to grow with time when the rotor is running below its critical speed. Rub section temperature difference grows quickly. Partial rub finally turns to full annular rub. Rub-induced vibration will be spiral and oscillation versus time if the rotor runs above the critical speed in the case of light rub. At severe rub, the vibration will be aggravated despite the rotor running above or under the critical speed. Two rub-induced vibration examples showing the coupled heat and force impact symptoms occurring in real turbines are given. Abnormal vibration phenomenon is analyzed and explained using the model.
Using expanded polystyrene as a seismic energy dissipation device
Authors: Maleki Shervin , Ahmadi Farhad
Published: November 2010

An innovative idea of using Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) blocks as a seismic energy dissipation device for bridge structures is explored in this paper. These blocks are installed at each side of the abutments at the deck level. They are inexpensive and lightweight with excellent cushioning capability. Nonlinear time history analysis on short, medium and long span slab-beam bridges is used to assess the beneficial damping effects of EPS in reducing the seismic demands on bridge components. To model the nonlinear behavior of the EPS correctly, two monotonic and two cyclic tests were performed on EPS specimens. The results show that EPS blocks can effectively reduce the forces transmitted to the substructure.
Active decoupler hydraulic engine mount design with application to variable displacement engine
Authors: Mansour H. , Arzanpour S. , Golnaraghi MF
Published: November 2010

In automotive industry, engine vibration isolation has been a challenging task, and given the emergence of new vehicles with more stringent performance characteristics, engine vibration isolation has become an even more demanding issue. Most engine mounts are passive — that is, their parameter values and characteristics are fixed — and as a result, they may not properly attenuate the complicated vibration transmitted from the engine. In this paper, the development of a new active mount is described. This paper describes modeling, development, and experimental analysis of an active engine mount, which is specifically designed to address the Variable Displacement Engine (VDE) isolation problem. An electromechanical actuator is fabricated and retrofitted inside the inertia track plate of a hydraulic engine mount. The plunger of the electromechanical actuator moves upon receiving the signal from the controller, and it changes the dynamic performance of the mount accordingly based on frequency, amplitude, and phase of the activation signal. Experimental results are presented for different control signals. Simulated and experimental results are compared to validate the mathematical model. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the designed active engine mount to deal with complicated vibration patterns, specifically those created by VDEs.
Application of advanced data-driven parametric models to load reconstruction in mechanical structures and systems
Authors: Czop Piotr
Published: November 2010

This paper considers a method for reconstructing sine-wave excitation using an inverse, parametric data-driven model developed to monitor the magnitude and frequency of the load to which a structure is exposed. The main goal of the paper is to discuss, and experimentally verify, the applicability of different SISO and MIMO structures of parametric models, such as the ARX, ARARX, OE, BJ, and PEM models described by the linear system identification theory. Experimental validation tests were conducted on a set-up consisting of a metal frame equipped with two electrodynamic exciters, several acceleration transducers and a data-acquisition system. The fidelity and adequacy of various model structures was judged in time and frequency domains based on stability diagrams, FPE and AIC criteria, as well as on the magnitude of the relative error between the measured and reconstructed load. The experimental test results showed that, in the case of measurement data moderately corrupted by noise, the ARX and OE models provide better accuracy of inversion than advanced models, such as ARARAX, BJ or PEM. This leads to the conclusion that increasing the complexity of a model structure does not result in better reconstruction of the load. Therefore, less complicated structures are acceptable for practical applications and, in fact, should be favored.
Prediction of blast induced vibrations in the structures of Karoun III power plant and dam
Authors: Kamali M. , Ataei M.
Published: November 2010

The damage of unallowable blast induced vibrations on the newly constructed concrete structures in the excavations of the Karoun III project results in a decrease in the safety of its structures. Therefore prediction and control of the vibrations are of importance in the study area. To predict the vibrations in this area, two main approaches were used and the results were interpreted and compared. The vibrations were first predicted using several widely used empirical models. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used. In the ANN model, maximum charge per delay, total charge per round, distance from blast site, direction of firing, blast hole length, number of blast holes, total delay in milliseconds, number of delay intervals and average specific charge were taken into consideration as input parameters. However, the ANN approach showed very high correlation and very small estimation error, the best empirical model resulted in a reliable correlation and an acceptable error of estimation. By considering all aspects the empirical approach was used in practice. Finally a plot based on standard values of vibrations was proposed for the safety of the structures.
Electronic Medical Records, Nurse Staffing, and Nurse-Sensitive Patient Outcomes: Evidence From the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators
Authors: Furukawa Michael F. , Raghu T.S. , Shao Benjamin B. M.
Published: November 2010

Electronic medical records (EMR) have the potential to improve nursing care in the hospital setting. This study estimated the association of EMR implementation with nurse staffing levels, skill mix, contract/agency percent, and nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in U.S. hospitals. Data on nurse staffing and patient outcomes came from the 2004-2008 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. Data on EMR implementation came from the 2004-2008 HIMSS Analytics Database. The authors conducted a longitudinal analysis of an unbalanced panel of 3,048 medical/surgical units in 509 short-term, general acute care hospitals. EMR implementation was associated with lower total nurse hours per patient day, higher Registered Nurse percent and contract/agency percent, and higher adverse patient events in the short term. EMR may create a skill bias toward higher-skilled nurses. As more advanced EMR systems diffuse into practice, managers and policy makers should consider potential negative associations of EMR implementation with patient safety.
Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Guidotti Tee L.
Published: November 2010

Hydrogen sulfide is a relatively common, frequently lethal, and unique occupational hazard for which research since 1990 has uncovered many anomalies and subtleties and a previously unsuspected physiological role for the endogenous agent. The result has been uncertainty and misunderstanding, particularly for persons new to the literature. This review addresses evidence that settles past controversies, guides practical issues in evaluating human toxicity, addresses unresolved issues involving chronic exposure, and points the way to a deeper understanding of the agent and its effects.
The quasi-static and blast response of steel lattice structures
Authors: Smith M. , Cantwell WJ , Guan Z. , Tsopanos S. , Theobald MD , Nurick GN , Langdon GS
Published: November 2010

Lattice structures based on two simple architectures have been manufactured from 316L stainless steel using the selective laser melting process. The compressive properties of structures based on a body-centered cubic (BCC) and a similar structure with vertical pillars (BCC-Z) were initially investigated at quasi-static rates of strain. Blast tests were subsequently performed on the lattice structures as well as on lattice sandwich structures with CFRP skins. When subjected to quasi-static compression loading, the BCC structure exhibited a progressive mode of failure, whereas the BCC-Z lattice deformed in a buckling-dominated mode of collapse. The blast response of the lattice cubes exhibited a linear dependency on the applied impulse up to the threshold for material densification. Relationships between the blast resistance and both the yield stress and energy absorption characteristics of the lattices have been established and an examination of the failed samples indicated that the collapse modes were similar in both the quasi-static and blast-loaded samples. Finally, the failure modes observed in the blast-loaded sandwich panels were investigated and found to be similar to those observed in the lattice blocks.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in an Urban, Free-Care HIV Clinic in Guatemala City, Guatemala
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey I. , Ruano Ana Lucía , Samayoa Blanca , Estrado Muy Dina Lorena , Arathoon Eduardo , Young Benjamin
Published: November 2010

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that, in addition to inherent qualities of antiretroviral (ARV) medications, adherence is affected by demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological factors. There are limited data about factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected persons in urban Guatemalan HIV care centers. Methods: Participants were patients at an urban, free-care public clinic in Guatemala City and obtained medications from a closed-pharmacy system. Nonpregnant patients ≥18 years who received medications from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria, who had taken ARV medications for ≥12 weeks, who arrived for an appointment at the clinic, and who provided informed consent were interviewed. Adherence was measured using pharmacy pill counts and patient self-reports. Recent biological markers for each patient were collected from the clinic’s database, and χ 2 and descriptive statistics were used to analyze results. Results: Among 122 patients interviewed, mean adherence by pill count was 97%. A total of 110 patients (90%) had adherence ≥95% using pharmacy pill counts, and 108 (89%) had adherence ≥95% using self-reports. Virologic failure (viral load [VL] ≥500 copies/mL) was significantly less common among patients with ≥95% adherence (P = .02). Family and spousal support for treatment were significantly associated with ≥95% adherence (P = .01 and .003, respectively). The presence of stavudine (d4T) in a patient’s regimen was significantly associated with <95% adherence according to self-reports (P < .01). The most common self-reported cause for missing medications was forgetfulness, followed by leaving medications at home. Inability to travel to the clinic was a major cause of missing medications, and only 51 patients (41.8%) reported always having sufficient economic resources to reach the clinic for appointments and to refill prescriptions. Conclusions: In this urban Central American population, high levels of adherence were measured by both self-report and pharmacy pill count. Socioeconomic and demographic conditions associated with adherence and specific reasons for missing medications were identified.
The Peace Support Operations Model: Modeling Techniques Present and Future
Authors: Hanley Nathan , Gaffney Helen
Published: November 2010

The Peace Support Operations Model is a population centric, human-in-the-loop wargame that represents the cross-government, multi-actor stabilization environment. This paper outlines the mechanisms upon which the model is based and discusses the challenges faced and the approaches drawn upon in the fields of social science, economics and psychology in its development. It concludes with an assessment of the limitations of the current modeling approach and the potential future developments possible to enhance the representation of population dynamics in complex stabilization environments.
Heparin: a potent inhibitor of hepcidin expression in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Poli Maura , Girelli Domenico , Campostrini Natascia , Maccarinelli Federica , Finazzi Dario , Luscieti Sara , Nai Antonella , Arosio Paolo
Published: November 2010

Hepcidin is a major regulator of iron homeostasis, and its expression in liver is regulated by iron, inflammation, and erythropoietic activity with mechanisms that involve bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) binding their receptors and coreceptors. Here we show that exogenous heparin strongly inhibited hepcidin expression in hepatic HepG2 cells at pharmacologic concentrations, with a mechanism that probably involves bone morphogenetic protein 6 sequestering and the blocking of SMAD signaling. Treatment of mice with pharmacologic doses of heparin inhibited liver hepcidin mRNA expression and SMAD phosphorylation, reduced spleen iron concentration, and increased serum iron. Moreover, we observed a strong reduction of serum hepcidin in 5 patients treated with heparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis, which was accompanied by an increase of serum iron and a reduction of C-reactive protein levels. The data show an unrecognized role for heparin in regulating iron homeostasis and indicate novel approaches to the treatment of iron-restricted iron deficiency anemia.
Chylous effusion presenting in a 37-year-old woman with severe hypothyroidism: a case report
Authors: Koo Kevin SH , Barnard Rand , Kagawa Frank T , Chen Weichia , Hinojosa Irma
Published: November 2010

Introduction

We report what is to the best of our knowledge the second adult case of chylothorax clearly associated with severe hypothyroidism in the English-language medical literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of its kind reported without a prior history of malignancy.

Case presentation

A 37-year-old Hispanic woman with no reported significant past medical history initially presented with shortness of breath and inability to lose weight. She was found to have a large chylous effusion requiring chest-tube drainage, as well as severe hypothyroidism. After several weeks of thyroid hormone-replacement therapy, the formation of chylous pleural fluid in the patient greatly diminished, and the chest tube was removed. Upon long-term follow-up her minimal residual effusion remains stable on serial chest radiographs.

Conclusion

Although the exact pathophysiologic relation between low thyroid hormone levels and chyle formation remains to be elucidated, hypothyroidism should be a diagnostic consideration in patients with chylous effusions, especially those refractory to conventional treatments.
Regulation of proteinases during mouse peri-implantation development: urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression and cross talk with matrix metalloproteinase 9
Authors: Martínez-Hernández M G , Baiza-Gutman L A , Castillo-Trápala A , Armant D Randall
Published: November 2010

Trophoblast cells express urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) and may depend on its activity for endometrial invasion and tissue remodeling during peri-implantation development. However, the developmental regulation, tissue distribution, and function of PLAU are not completely understood. In this study, the expression of PLAU and its regulation by extracellular matrix proteins was examined by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and plasminogen–casein zymography in cultured mouse embryos. There was a progressive increase inPlaumRNA expression in blastocysts cultured on gestation days 4–8. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (55 kDa) and PLAU (a triplet of 40, 37, and 31 kDa) were present in conditioned medium and embryo lysates, and were adsorbed to the culture plate surface. The temporal expression pattern of PLAU, according to semi-quantitative gel zymography, was similar in non-adhering embryos and embryos cultured on fibronectin, laminin, or type IV collagen, although type IV collagen and laminin upregulatedPlaumRNA expression. Immunofluorescence revealed PLAU on the surface of the mural trophectoderm and in non-spreading giant trophoblast cells. Exogenous human plasminogen was transformed to plasmin by cultured embryos and activated endogenous matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Indeed, the developmental expression profile of MMP9 was similar to that of PLAU. Our data suggest that the intrinsic developmental program predominantly regulates PLAU expression during implantation, and that PLAU could be responsible for activation of MMP9, leading to localized matrix proteolysis as trophoblast invasion commences.
Successful in vitro culture of pre-antral follicles derived from vitrified murine ovarian tissue: oocyte maturation, fertilization, and live births
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Catt Sally , Pangestu Mulyoto , Temple-Smith Peter
Published: November 2010

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is an important option for preserving the fertility of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we examined the viability and function of oocytes derivedin vitrofrom pre-antral follicles as an alternative method for restoring fertility. Pre-antral follicles (specified as secondary follicle with a diameter around 100–130 μm) were mechanically isolated from vitrified-warmed and fresh adult mouse ovarian tissues and cultured for 12 days followed by an ovulation induction protocol at the end of this period to initiate oocyte maturation. Oocytes were then released from these follicles, fertilizedin vitro, and cultured to the blastocyst stage and vitrified. After storage in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks, groups of vitrified blastocysts were warmed and transferred into pseudo-pregnant recipient females. Although most of the isolated mouse pre-antral follicles from fresh (79.4%) and vitrified (75.0%) ovarian tissues survived the 12-dayin vitroculture period, significantly fewer mature oocytes developed from vitrified-warmed pre-antral follicles than from the fresh controls (62.2 vs 86.4%,P<0.05). No difference was observed in embryo cleavage rates between these two groups, but the proportion of embryos that developed into blastocysts in the vitrification group was only half that of the controls (24.2 vs 47.2%,P<0.05). Nevertheless, live births of healthy normal pups were achieved after transfer of vitrified blastocysts derived from both experimental groups. This study shows that successful production of healthy offspring using anin vitrofollicle culture system is feasible, and suggests that this procedure could be used in cancer patients who wish to preserve their fertility using ovarian tissue cryopreservation.
Evaluation of Essential Oil Antifungal Activity Against Mycorrhizal Fungi—The Case of Laurus Nobilis Essential Oil
Authors: Hassiotis Christos Nikolaos
Published: November 2010

Mycorrhiza is regarded essential for plant growth, especially in regions where precipitation and nutrient availability are low. Hundreds of aromatic plant species, which contain essential oils, are growing naturally around the Mediterranean. The plant essential oils are known for their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the aromaticLaurus nobilis, abundant in the Mediterranean region, can influence the development of two mycorrhizal species,Glomus deserticolaandGlomus intraradices, and how this effect can influence the growth of the host plant. The major compounds ofL. nobilisessential oil were 1.8 cineole, sabinene, α-pinene, eugenole, α-terpinyl acetate, and β-pinene. Both mycorrhizal fungi colonized successfully the host plants, positively influencing their growth.G. deserticolapresented higher infection level thanG. intraradices.Addition ofL. nobilisoil into substrates resulted in mycorrhiza inhibition, and the level of inhibition was analogous with the amount of added essential oil. The fungi were benefited by the aromatic compounds up to 15 mg of essential oil per L of soil. However, 30 and 60 mg L-1of essential oil were able to create significant inhibition in mycorrhiza development and to restrict the host growth. Since the presence -of aromatics in the Mediterranean region could create such ecological problems, the elimination of aromatic plant litter before reforestation is suggested, to give the opportunity for mycorrhiza establishment and successful development of new plants.
The PI3K signaling pathway mediates the biological effects of leptin
Authors: Donato Jr. Jose , Frazão Renata , Elias Carol Fuzeti
Published: November 2010

The activation of the leptin receptor recruits several intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. While some of the leptin-induced signaling pathways, such as the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, induce cellular responses primarily through changes in gene expression, the PI3K pathway affects cellular properties more rapidly, through post-translational changes such as protein phosphorylation. Accordingly, several studies have shown that the PI3K pathway is required for the acute effects of leptin, such as a leptin-induced decrease in food intake. Leptin signaling through PI3K also affects the electrophysiological properties of neurons, including changes in their membrane potential and firing rates. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the role played by the PI3K signaling pathway in controlling food intake and energy balance. In particular, we focus on the importance of the PI3K signaling pathway as a mediator of the effects of leptin on hypothalamic neurons.
Estudo retrospectivo das implicações maternas, fetais e perinatais em mulheres portadoras de diabetes, em 20 anos de acompanhamento no Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Chaves Evelyne Gabriela Schmaltz , Franciscon Priscila de Melo , Nascentes Gabriel Antônio N. , Paschoini Marina Carvalho , Silva Adriana Paula da , Borges Maria de Fátima
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar implicações do diabetes melito (DM) na morbimortalidade materno-fetal, segundo experiência da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. MATERIAIS E METODOS: Procedeu-se à análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de gestantes diabéticas assistidas entre 1990 e 2009 focando dados e complicações maternas e neonatais. RESULTADOS: A última gestação de 93 diabéticas foi avaliada, sendo 34 com DM tipo 1, em que se observou maior ocorrência de tocotrauma (p = 0,023) e retinopatia (p = 0,023). Vinte e uma pacientes tinham DM tipo 2; suas necessidades de insulina aumentaram progressivamente (p < 0,01) e observou-se maior prevalência de tabagismo (p = 0,004). Trinta e oito tiveram diabetes gestacional e iniciaram acompanhamento do diabetes em idade gestacional mais tardia (p < 0,001), tiveram mais antecedentes de macrossomia fetal (p = 0,028) e maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular. CONCLUSÕES: Não obstante melhora do controle glicêmico durante a gestação, nenhum dos grupos atingiu alvos glicêmicos ideais. Ainda assim, a maioria das gestações em diabéticas, conduzidas em nosso meio, evoluiu favoravelmente.
Análise de diferentes medidas antropométricas na identificação de síndrome metabólica, com ou sem alteração do metabolismo glicídico
Authors: Rocha Natália Pereira da , Siqueira-Catania Antonela , Barros Camila Risso , Pires Milena Monfort , Folchetti Luciana D. , Ferreira Sandra Roberta G.
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Este estudo comparou parâmetros antropométricos e de resistência à insulina de indivíduos sem e com síndrome metabólica (SM), subestratificados pela presença de anormalidades glicêmicas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 454 indivíduos (66% mulheres, 54% brancos), sendo 155 alocados para o grupo 1 (sem SM, sem anormalidade glicêmica), 32 para o grupo 2 (sem SM, com anormalidade glicêmica), 104 no grupo 3 (com SM, sem anormalidade glicêmica) e 163 no grupo 4 (com SM e anormalidade glicêmica). Os grupos foram comparados por ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Os grupos com SM (3 e 4) apresentaram os piores perfis antropométrico e lipídico; no grupo 2, apesar de glicemias significantemente mais elevadas, as médias das variáveis antropométricas e lipídicas não diferiram do grupo 1. Os maiores valores médios de HOMA-IR foram encontrados nos grupos com SM, enquanto o grupo 2 apresentou o menor HOMA-β. A trigliceridemia foi a variável metabólica com coeficientes de correlação mais elevados com a antropometria. Porém, as correlações mais fortes foram da circunferência da cintura (r = 0,503) e da razão cintura-altura (r = 0,513) com o HOMA-IR (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados revelam que, em amostra da população brasileira, qualquer das medidas antropométricas identifica indivíduos com SM, mas não parece capaz de diferenciar aqueles com distúrbio glicêmico. Reforçamos a relação mais forte das medidas de adiposidade central com resistência à insulina, sugerindo utilidade da razão cintura-altura. É possível que componente autoimune contribua para o comprometimento do metabolismo glicídico dos indivíduos do grupo 2.
Thyroid spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE): case report and review
Authors: Magnata Filho Luiz Antônio , Bordallo Maria Alice Neves , Pessoa Cencita H. C. N. , Corbo Rossana , Bulzico Daniel Alves , Dias Fernando Luiz , Machado Avelino L. , Soares Andréia B. , Ferman Sima
Published: November 2010

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like element (SETTLE) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the thyroid, occurring predominantly in children, adolescents, and young adults. SETTLE usually presents itself as a thyroid mass, without metastases at diagnosis. It is believed to derive from branchial pouch or thymic remnant tissue showing primitive thymic differentiation. This article reports the clinical, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical features of a SETTLE in a 3-year-old girl. Microscopic exam revealed a nodular, highly cellular neoplasm displayed in the classic biphasic pattern, with mixture of prominent spindle cell component and a minor glandular component lined by mucinous or respiratory-type epithelium. The immunohistochemical study showed strong and diffuse positivity for pan-CK, vimentin and smooth muscle actin. The present case is the first SETTLE case reported in Brazil. To date, the patient described remains without evidence of recurrence or metastasis 5 years after surgery.
Informações de custos e qualidade do gasto público: lições da experiência internacional
Authors: Rezende Fernando , Cunha Armando , Bevilacqua Roberto
Published: November 2010

O conhecimento dos custos do governo é de suma importância para a adoção de mudanças nos procedimentos que regem as decisões sobre o uso dos recursos públicos, bem como sobre os métodos aplicados à gestão das políticas e dos programas governamentais, de modo a aumentar o valor dos recursos aplicados pelo governo e ampliar o benefício social da tributação. Sob a ótica dos especialistas em orçamento, a questão está em escolher a melhor maneira de usar as informações geradas pela contabilidade de competência para aumentar a eficiência e melhorar a qualidade do gasto. Uns defendem que tais informações devem ser vistas como mais uma ferramenta importante para a melhoria das decisões sobre o uso dos recursos públicos. Outros, que elas poderiam revolucionar o processo orçamentário levando à posterior adoção do orçamento de competência. Este artigo explora essa questão, com base na análise de experiências internacionais, apontando para aspectos relevantes que devem ser observados na sequência dos debates sobre esse tema no Brasil
Injuries and envenoming by aquatic animals in fishermen of Coxim and Corumbá municipalities, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: identification of the causative agents, clinical aspects and first aid measures
Authors: Silva Geovane Cândido da , Sabino José , Alho Cleber José Rodrigues , Nunes Vânia Lúcia Brandão , Haddad Junior Vidal
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTION: The fishes of continental Brazil have socioeconomic importance due to their potential for sport fishing and commercial and subsistence uses, as seen in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, particularly in the municipalities of the Pantanal region, where it is the second largest economic activity. Injuries caused in professional fishermen are common and poorly studied, as in other regions of the country. METHODS: Data were obtained from questionnaires and interviews with 100 professional fishermen, 50 in each municipality, between December 2008 and October 2009. RESULTS: All the fishermen reported some kind of injury caused by fish stings (78% of injuries) and fish, alligator and snake bites (22%) on the hands (46% of cases) and feet (35% of cases). Most of the patients had mild symptoms. The most severe cases were associated with secondary bacterial infections and required specific treatment and prolonged recovery associated with social and economic losses. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the stressful work conditions, inattention to basic preventive measures and carelessness were factors that contributed to accidents and that the toxicity and ability to inflict mechanical trauma of some aquatic species, plus the ineffective use of first aid and hospital treatment, contributed to the high morbidity and complications in many cases. Data from this study are relevant to the fishing communities of the Pantanal region, since they reveal high rates of accidents, lack of knowledge concerning first aid, initial treatment, injury prevention and lack of medical follow-up of the population.
Effects of flooding of the River Paraná on the temporal activity of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root (Diptera: Culicidae), at the border state of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Almério de Castro , Paula Marcia Bicudo de , Natal Delsio , Gotlieb Sabina Léa Davidson , Mucci Luis Filipe
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTION: Study of the temporal activity of malaria vectors during the implantation of a hydroelectric power station on the River Paraná, intended to generate electrical energy. The river separates the States of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. The objective was to verify whether alterations occurred in the wealth and diversity indices of Anopheles, following two successive floods, extended to the temporal activity and nycthemeral rhythm followed over a five year period. METHODS: Mosquito capture was performed monthly using the Human Attraction Technique and Shannon Traps. The first, executed for 24h, provided the nycthemeral rhythm and the second, lasting 15h, permitted the tracking of Anopheles during the two floods. RESULTS: The bimodal pattern of Anopheles darlingi defined before these floods was modified throughout the environment interventions. The same effect had repercussions on the populations of An albitarsis s.l., An triannulatus and An galvaoi. Activity prior to twilight was less affected by the environment alterations. CONCLUSIONS: The dam construction provoked changes in Anopheles temporal activity patterns, permitting classification of the area as an ecologically steady and unstable situation. Differences observed in Anopheles behavior due to the capture methods revealed the influence of solo and multiple attractiveness inside the populations studied.
Sporothrix schenckii associated with armadillo hunting in Southern Brazil: epidemiological and antifungal susceptibility profiles
Authors: Alves Sydney Hartz , Boettcher Cecília Schubert , Oliveira Daniele Carvalho de , Tronco-Alves Giordano Rafael , Sgaria Maria Aparecida , Thadeu Paulo , Oliveira Loiva Therezinha , Santurio Janio Morais
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTION: Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis observed in Brazil and it is generally consequent to a little trauma caused by vegetal particles or spines which inoculate the fungi in the subcutaneous area. Although sporotrichosis had been frequently mentioned with armadillo hunting this form has not been widely reported in Brazil until now. In this study we report ten cases of sporotrichosis evolving the armadillo's hunting diagnosed in some towns located in the central and west regions of Rio Grande do Sul State. METHODS: The cases were established based on clinical and classic mycological laboratorial techniques. The susceptibility tests were conducted by microdilution technique according to M38-A2 CLSI documents. RESULTS: Ten cases of sporotrichosis associated with armadillo hunting detected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were diagnosed by mycological methods. The susceptibility tests of Sporothrix schenckii isolates to antifungal agents itraconazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine showed that all the isolates were susceptible. CONCLUSIONS: The paper discusses some cultural aspects related to hunting of this wild animal as well as possible causes of this unexpected occurrence in southern Brazil.
Prevalência de rotavírus em crianças atendidas na rede pública de saúde do estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Mariluce Lima da , Souza Joelma Rodrigues de , Melo Maria Mabel Monte de
Published: November 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Os rotavírus são considerados, importantes agentes etiológicos de gastroenterite aguda e ainda causa comum de hospitalização de crianças na faixa etária de zero a quatro anos de idade. No Brasil, a incidência de rotavírus nas crianças com gastrenterite é de 12 a 42%, e a distribuição da infecção esta relacionada à sazonalidade que aparentemente ocorre em diferentes períodos e intensidade de acordo com a região de ocorrência. O estudo pesquisou rotavírus do grupo A em amostras fecais de crianças com caso suspeito atendidas na rede pública de saúde do Estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: O diagnóstico foi realizado através de ensaios imunoenzimático ELISA e teste imunoquímico de aglutinação em látex. RESULTADOS: Foram estudadas 171 amostras. Destas, 33 (19,3%) apresentaram positividade. Das amostras positivas 24 (72,7%) eram do sexo masculino e 09 (27,3%) do sexo feminino. Dentro da amostragem positiva 15,2% eram vacinadas. Quando comparamos os resultados obtidos entre o teste Elisa e aglutinação pelo Látex, houve 100% de concordância entre a positividade pelo Látex e o ELISA. CONCLUSÕES: A alta incidência desta infecção reforça necessidade de monitoramento desse vírus, definindo políticas de saúde relacionadas ao diagnóstico, profilaxia, melhores condições sócio-econômicas e aprimoramento da vacina.
Alterações contráteis segmentares e sua associação com arritmias ventriculares complexas, em pacientes chagásicos com eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline
Authors: Terzi Flavia Vernin de Oliveira , Siqueira Filho Aristarco Gonçalves de , Nascimento Emília Matos do , Pereira Basílio de Bragança , Pedrosa Roberto Coury
Published: November 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Morte súbita representa a principal causa de óbito em chagásicos. Eventos fatais em pacientes saudáveis, com anormalidades contráteis, foram documentados. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a associação entre alteração contrátil e arritmias ventriculares complexas em pacientes chagásicos, classe funcional I, eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline e função ventricular preservada. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e nove pacientes com doença de Chagas e eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline realizaram ecocardiograma, teste ergométrico e Holter. Avaliou-se a contratilidade global e segmentar dos ventrículos e a presença de arritmias ventriculares complexas induzidas no esforço e espontâneas, respectivamente. A análise estatística foi feita pelo modelo Log-Linear geral. RESULTADOS: Idade média de 56 anos; 55% mulheres. Alterações contráteis segmentares em 24,5% dos pacientes; 12% dos Holter e 18% dos testes ergométricos positivos. Houve associação entre arritmia e alteração segmentar condicionada à presença da disfunção sistólica leve do ventrículo esquerdo. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações contráteis, na presença de disfunção global leve, indicam pacientes sob maior risco de arritmias complexas.
Piranha attacks in dammed streams used for human recreation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Haddad Junior Vidal , Sazima Ivan
Published: November 2010

In recent years, attacks by piranhas have become a common problem in dammed portions of rivers and streams in the State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. In two outbreaks recorded in two neighboring counties in the Northwest region of the state, 74 bathers were bitten. Only one bite per person was recorded during a short period of the year. The bites were related to parental care and/or defense of spawning territory, which confirms previous studies and demystify the attacks by these legendary fish, as they are perceived by most people. Placement of fine mesh nets and removal of aquatic vegetation stopped the attacks.
Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com ingrediente de alta digestibilidade nas fases de criação pré-inicial e inicial
Authors: Dallmann Henrique Müller , Avila Valdir Silveira de , Brum Paulo Antonio Rabenschlag de , Costa Paulo Tabajara Chaves , Coldebella Arlei , Dallmann Paulo Roberto , Maier João Carlos , Rutz Fernando
Published: November 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dieta, com inclusão de um núcleo energético-proteico (NEP) de alta digestibilidade, no desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de frangos de corte. O NEP constituiu-se de composto de óleo degomado de soja, milho pré-gelatinizado, soja biprocessada, mananoligossacarídeos e peptídeos. O total de 864 pintainhos machos, da linhagem AgRoss 508, com um dia de idade, foram pesados individualmente e distribuídos em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram de suplementos com diferentes teores de NEP, com oito repetições com 27 aves cada: T1, controle, 0% de NEP; T2, 7% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 3,5% de NEP (8-21 dias); T3, 14% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 7% de NEP (8-21 dias); e T4, 21% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 10,5% de NEP (8-21 dias). Aos 21 dias de idade, o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo médio de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça e cortes não foram afetados significativamente pelos tratamentos experimentais. A utilização de NEP na dieta de frangos de corte não altera o desempenho das aves e não interfere nas variáveis de características de carcaça.
Desempenho produtivo de tambacus alimentados com dietas suplementadas com vitamina E
Authors: Gonçalves Antônio Carlos Silveira , Murgas Luis David Solis , Rosa Priscila Vieira e , Navarro Rodrigo Diana , Costa Diego Vicente da , Teixeira Edgar de Alencar
Published: November 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação da dieta de tambacus com concentrações de vitamina E sobre variáveis de desempenho e hematológicas, bem como determinar a relação da atividade da glutationa peroxidase com a inclusão de vitamina E e selênio na dieta. Foram utilizados 250 juvenis de tambacu, divididos em 25 aquários. A dieta basal constituiu-se de ração peletizada com 32% de proteína bruta e 3.300 kcal kg-1 de energia digestível, e inclusão de 0,40 mg kg-1 de Se. As dietas-teste - isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas - foram compostas da dieta basal com diferentes concentrações de vitamina E (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg kg-1), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Não foi observado efeito significativo da suplementação com vitamina E sobre o comprimento total, volume corpuscular médio, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média e número de eritrócitos, nem sobre a atividade da glutationa peroxidase. Peso final e conversão alimentar aparente, no entanto, sofreram efeito dos tratamentos suplementados. O teor de 400 mg kg-1 de vitamina E melhorou o comprimento padrão e ganho de peso. A suplementação da dieta com vitamina E resulta em melhor desempenho produtivo de tambacus.
Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em solo sob florestas nativas e pastagens no bioma Pantanal
Authors: Cardoso Evaldo Luis , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Silva Carlos Alberto , Curi Nilton , Freitas Diego Antônio França de
Published: November 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da conversão da floresta nativa em pastagem cultivada, e exposição da pastagem nativa ao sistema de pastejo contínuo, sobre os estoques de C e N no solo, em ecossistemas naturais do Pantanal. Foram avaliados três remanescentes de floresta nativa, três áreas de pastagens de Urochloa decumbens com diferentes idades de formação, e uma pastagem nativa submetida ao sistema de pastejo contínuo e sem pastejo, por 3 e 19 anos. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, com três repetições. A conversão de florestas em pastagens promoveu redução nos estoques de carbono orgânico e carbono microbiano no solo, principalmente nas pastagens cultivadas há mais tempo. Contudo, não houve alteração nos estoques de nitrogênio total. As perdas nos estoques de carbono ocorreram nas três frações húmicas, mas, proporcionalmente, as maiores perdas ocorreram nas frações ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos. As pastagens cultivadas e nativas, sob pastejo contínuo, não são capazes de acumular mais carbono no solo do que os ecossistemas naturais.
Endodormência de gemas de pessegueiro e ameixeira em região de baixa ocorrência de frio
Authors: Carvalho Ruy Inacio Neiva de , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Zanette Flávio , Rendoke José Carlos , Santos Jean Magnus , Pereira Gabriely Pinto
Published: November 2010

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a endodormência de gemas de pessegueiro cv. Chimarrita e ameixeira cv. Poli Rosa em uma região de baixa ocorrência de frio. Os ramos foram coletados em um pomar situado no município de Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, no período de abril a agosto dos anos de 2007 e 2008. Na última coleta, um grupo adicional de ramos foi coletado e mantido em refrigerador à temperatura de 4 a 7°C, por 672 horas. A avaliação da endodormência foi realizada por meio do teste biológico de estacas de nós isolados, que foram mantidas em condições controladas de temperatura (25°C) e fotoperíodo (16 h). Foi realizada a quantificação das horas de frio (HF) e das unidades de frio (UF) ocorridas na região. As duas espécies foram avaliadas separadamente, como dois experimentos distintos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o completamente casualizado, com nove tratamentos para o pessegueiro e 11 tratamentos para a ameixeira, ambos com quatro repetições. Os dois anos foram analisados individualmente. A endodormência mais intensa das gemas de pessegueiro cv. Chimarrita ocorreu no mês de maio, nos dois anos avaliados. A endodormência mais intensa de gemas de ameixeira cv. Poli Rosa ocorreu no mês de maio em 2007 e se estendeu até o mês de junho em 2008.
Effect of prestorage curing on storage life, internal and external qualities of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Aborisade Abiola Titilola , Ajibade Ayodeji Adeyeye
Published: November 2010

Orange fruits from two seasons, in April and August 2006 representing late 2005 and early 2006 harvests respectively were cured in hot air at 36-37(0)C to 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% weight loss before storage at 28(0)C and 86% relative humidity (RH). The fruits were observed for incidence of decay, further weight loss, juice content, firmness or softening of the peel, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity, and colour during storage. Curing reduced the incidence of decay. All control fruits were rotten by day 21 in August harvest while 22.5% of the control was rotten by day 56 in the April harvest. Storage life was extended beyond 56 days in fruits cured with 1, 3, 5 and 7% in April harvest as there was no decay throughout, while decay incidence in August harvest was 88.9, 61.1, 22.2 and 31.3% in 1, 3, 5 and 7% respectively. Penicillium digitatum, Phytophthora sp., Alternaria citri and Collectotrichum gloeosporioides were among decay causing moulds detected. Control fruits lost more weight during storage than cured fruits did. Fruit rind hardening was more noticed in the control and those cured to 1% weight loss, especially from the April harvest. It was insignificant in other treatments in both trials. Titratable acidity, pH, juice content and TSS were not affected by the treatment. Colour change to yellow was however retarded by curing. Curing to 5% weight loss was best for decay control and quality retention.
Ferrugem em framboesa no estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Kuhnem Junior Paulo Roberto , Bolzan Jonatha Marcel , Bogo Amauri , Kretzschmar Aike Anneliese , Rufato Leo , Macedo Tiago Afonso de
Published: November 2010

Folhas e frutos de framboesa (Rubus idaeus L.) da cultivar Batum coletados de plantas do pomar do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, CAV, município de Lages-SC, apresentando pústulas de ferrugem, foram encaminhados para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do CAV. A diagnose indireta indicou a presença de pústulas com uma massa de esporos de cor amarela na face abaxial das folhas e superfície dos frutos. No exame ao microscópio, observou-se urédia e urediniósporos pequenos, obovados ou elipsoides, medindo 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm sobre a epiderme da folha e frutos, sem a presença de télias. Suspensão de urediniósporos (50.000 esporos mL-1) em água esterilizada foi pulverizada em folhas destacadas da mesma cultivar, mantidas por 24 h no escuro e 12 h de fotoperíodo em câmara úmida a 20ºC. Folhas-controle foram pulverizadas com água esterilizada. Após 10 dias detectaram-se urédias contendo urediniósporos na face abaxial das folhas, cujas características morfológicas e mensuração dos urediniósporos, sintomas e patogenicidade permitiram a identificação do agente causal como sendo Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur pela primeira vez no Estado de Santa Catarina.
Sarcoma epitelióide: aspectos clínicos, fatores prognósticos e sobrevida
Authors: Nunes Luiz Fernando , Fiod Nelson José Jabour , Vasconcelos Roberto André Torres , Meohas Walter , Rezende José Francisco Neto
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, o tratamento e o prognóstico dos pacientes com sarcoma epitelióide. MÉTODOS: Revisão do prontuário de 25 pacientes matriculados no INCA com o diagnóstico de sarcoma epitelióide, no período de 05 de junho de 1987 à 15 de julho de 2005. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana foi de 33 anos, variando de 10 à 70 anos. A localização primária mais freqüente foi os membros superiores em doze casos (48%). O tamanho do tumor foi descrito em 19 casos e a mediana foi de 5cm, variando de 1,5 à 15cm. A cirurgia foi realizada em dezessete pacientes com onze amputações. As margens cirúrgicas estavam livres em quinze pacientes, comprometidas em três e em sete não foram relatadas. Seis receberam tratamento com algum tipo de quimioterapia e quatorze receberam tratamento com radioterapia com dose mediana de 46,5Gy. Recidiva local ocorreu em treze casos (52%). Recidiva nodal foi diagnosticada em nove pacientes (36%). Metástase pulmonar foi diagnosticada em sete pacientes (28%). Seis pacientes realizaram o tratamento oncológico na sua totalidade no INCA. Atualmente doze estão vivos sem doença, dois estão vivos com doença e onze pacientes foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: O sarcoma epitelióide é um subtipo raro de sarcoma de partes moles que apresenta alta taxa de recidiva local, regional e metástase à distância. Incide principalmente nas extremidades de pacientes jovens. O tratamento cirúrgico consiste em ressecção alargada com margens livres.