bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnifying endoscope with NBI to predict the depth of invasion in laryngo‐pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Tateya Ichiro , Morita Shuko , Muto Manabu , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Hayashi Tomomasa , Funakoshi Makiko , Aoyama Ikuo , Hirano Shigeru , Kitamura Morimasa , Ishikawa Seiji , Kishimoto Yo , Morita Mami , Mahattanasakul Patnarin , Morita Satoshi , Ito Juichi
Published: November 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To examine if macroscopic classification with a magnifying gastrointestinal endoscope with narrow band imaging (ME‐NBI) is useful in predicting pathological depth of tumor invasion in laryngo‐pharyngeal cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

Preoperative endoscopy reports and postoperative pathological reports on 139 laryngo‐pharyngeal cancer lesions were retrospectively reviewed, and the association between macroscopic findings in the lesions and the depth of tumor invasion was analyzed statistically.

Results

The ratios of lesions macroscopically classified as 0‐I (superficial and protruding), 0‐IIa (slightly elevated), 0‐IIb (true flat), 0‐IIc (slightly depressed), and 0‐III (superficial and excavated) in the preoperative endoscopy reports were 3%, 25%, 71%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. Regarding the depth of tumor invasion in the postoperative pathological reports, the ratios of lesions classified as EP (carcinoma in situ), SEP (tumor invades subepithelial layer), and MP (tumor invades muscularis propria) were 73%, 26%, and 1%, respectively. The ratios of subepithelial invasion or muscular invasion in 0‐I, 0‐IIa, and 0‐IIb were 100%, 54%, and 14%, respectively, and showed significant difference (P < 0.0001). Only one of 139 lesions invaded the muscular propria.

Conclusions

This study is the first one to show that macroscopic findings by ME‐NBI predict the depth of tumor invasion in superficial laryngo‐pharyngeal cancer. It was indicated that there is a little chance of muscular invasion if the lesion is endoscopically diagnosed as 0‐I or 0‐II. A new T stage classification based on the depth of tumor invasion may be needed in order to adapt the classification to include transoral surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 125:1124–1129, 2015
The effect of infrahyoid muscle sectioning on hyoid bone position and oropharyngeal air column volume
Authors: Güzeldir Osman T. , Aydil Utku , Kizil Yusuf , Akyildiz Ilker , Köybaşioğlu Ahmet
Published: November 2014

Objective/Hypothesis

To evaluate the spatial hyoid bone position and the oropharyngeal air column volume after infrahyoid muscle sectioning as a single procedure.

Study Design

Animal experiment.

Methods

Six adult New Zealand rabbits underwent sternohyoid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscle sectioning for infrahyoid release. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained and transferred to the Mimics software program. By using the program, preoperative and postoperative three‐dimensional models of the spatial hyoid bone position and the oropharyngeal air column volume were determined and compared.

Results

After the surgical intervention, it was found that the hyoid bone significantly moved to a more anterior (P = .028, P = .046), and superior (P = .028, P = .028) position. The preoperative mean oropharyngeal air column volume (618.88 ± 176.54 mm3) also increased after infrahyoid muscle sectioning (797.01 ± 155.33 mm3). and this change was also statistically significant (P = .028).

Conclusions

Infrahyoid release improves oropharyngeal air column volume, as the hyoid bone moves to a more anterior and superior position after this operation in an animal model. However, additional animal and human studies are necessary to evaluate a possible therapeutic role of this procedure.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:1480–1484, 2015
Light‐activated sealing of skin wounds
Authors: Xu Nan , Yao Min , Farinelli William , Hajjarian Zeinab , Wang Ying , Redmond Robert W. , Kochevar Irene E.
Published: November 2014

Background and Objectives

We have developed a light‐activated technology for rapidly sealing skin surgical wounds called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). The goals of this study were to evaluate parameters influencing PTB in order to optimize its clinical efficacy and to determine whether PTB can be used to seal wounds in moderately to highly pigmented skin.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Application of Rose Bengal (RB) followed by exposure to 532 nm was used to seal linear incisions (1.5 mm deep, 2 cm long) in lightly pigmented (Yorkshire) and darkly pigmented (Yucatan) swine skin. The force required to open the seal (the bonding strength) was measured by in situ tensiometry. Reflectance spectra, epidermal transmission spectra, and histology were used to characterize the skin. The relationships of RB concentration and fluence to bonding strength were established in Yorkshire skin. Surface temperature was measured during irradiations and cooling was used while sealing incisions in Yucatan skin. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to estimate the effect of epidermal melanin on the power absorbed in the dermis at the incision interface.

Results

The lowest fluence, 25 J/cm2, delivered at an irradiance of 0.5 W/cm2 substantially increased the bonding strength (∼10‐fold) compared to controls in Yorkshire swine skin. Increasing the fluence to 100 J/cm2 enhanced bonding strength by a further 1.5‐fold. Application of 0.1% RB for 2 minutes produced the greatest bonding strength using 100 J/cm2 and limited the penetration of RB to an ∼50 μm band on the dermal incision wall. Reflectance spectra indicated that Yorkshire skin had minimal melanin and that Yucatan skin was a good model for highly pigmented human skin. In Yucatan skin, the bonding strength increased 1.7‐fold using 0.1% RB and 200 J/cm2 at 1.5 W/cm2 with cooling and epinephrine. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that absorption of 532 nm light by epidermal melanin in dark skin decreased the power absorbed along the incision in the dermis by a factor of 2.7.

Conclusions

These results suggest that in lightly pigmented skin the PTB treatment time can be shortened without compromising the bonding strength. Sealing incisions using PTB in moderately and highly pigmented skin will require a careful balance of irradiance and cooling. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:17–29, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Inhibitors of LSD1 as Therapeutic Agents in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Significance and Progress to Date
Authors: Mould Daniel P. , McGonagle Alison E. , Wiseman Daniel H. , Williams Emma L. , Jordan Allan M.
Published: November 2014

In the 10 years since the discovery of lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), this epigenetic eraser has emerged as an important target of interest in oncology. More specifically, research has demonstrated that it plays an essential role in the self‐renewal of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This review will cover clinical aspects of AML, the role of epigenetics in the disease, and discuss the research that led to the first irreversible inhibitors of LSD1 entering clinical trials for the treatment of AML in 2014. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of LSD1. These compounds differ in their mode of action from tranylcypromine derivatives and could facilitate novel biochemical studies to probe the pathways mediated by LSD1. In this review, we will critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of published series of reversible LSD1 inhibitors. Overall, while the development of reversible inhibitors to date has been less fruitful than that of irreversible inhibitors, there is still the possibility for their use to facilitate further research into the roles and functions of LSD1 and to expand the therapeutic applications of LSD1 inhibitors in the clinic.
Ursolic acid improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high‐fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and hepatic autophagy
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Kim Seyoung , Kim Jiyoung , Kim Bobae , Wu Chunyan , Lee Ji Hae , Jun Hee‐jin , Kim Nahyun , Lee Dongho , Lee Sung‐Joon
Published: November 2014

Scope

This study investigated metabolic effects of ursolic acid (UA), a peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α activator, in vivo.

Methods and results

High‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed C57BL/6J mice were orally administered UA (50 or 200 mg/kg body weight) for 8 wk. UA reduced liver and adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and plasma leptin concentrations, plasma triglyceride and low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, while it elevated the high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations significantly compared with controls. UA induced the expression of PPARα and its responsive genes involved in fatty acid uptake and β‐oxidation in the livers, whereas genes involved in lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins‐1c, were downregulated. UA administration improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity significantly compared with the HFD‐fed control livers. UA administration also activated hepatic autophagy as assessed by the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3)‐II and other key proteins in the autophagy pathway.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that UA ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD‐fed mice primarily by the activation of PPARα and induction of the hepatic autophagy pathway. Thus, intake of UA in the diet or in an isolated form may ameliorate lipid and glucose metabolism.
A novel coil array for combined TMS/fMRI experiments at 3 T
Authors: Navarro de Lara Lucia I. , Windischberger Christian , Kuehne Andre , Woletz Michael , Sieg Jürgen , Bestmann Sven , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Strasser Bernhard , Moser Ewald , Laistler Elmar
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To overcome current limitations in combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies by employing a dedicated coil array design for 3 Tesla.

Methods

The state‐of‐the‐art setup for concurrent TMS/fMRI is to use a large birdcage head coil, with the TMS between the subject's head and the MR coil. This setup has drawbacks in sensitivity, positioning, and available imaging techniques. In this study, an ultraslim 7‐channel receive‐only coil array for 3 T, which can be placed between the subject's head and the TMS, is presented. Interactions between the devices are investigated and the performance of the new setup is evaluated in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art setup.

Results

MR sensitivity obtained at the depth of the TMS stimulation is increased by a factor of five. Parallel imaging with an acceleration factor of two is feasible with low g‐factors. Possible interactions between TMS and the novel hardware were investigated and were found negligible.

Conclusion

The novel coil array is safe, strongly improves signal‐to‐noise ratio in concurrent TMS/fMRI experiments, enables parallel imaging, and allows for flexible positioning of the TMS on the head while ensuring efficient TMS stimulation due to its ultraslim design. Magn Reson Med 74:1492–1501, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Toward defining the anatomo‐proteomic puzzle of the human brain: An integrative analysis
Authors: Fernandez‐Irigoyen Joaquín , Labarga Alberto , Zabaleta Aintzane , de Morentin Xabier Martínez , Perez‐Valderrama Estela , Zelaya María Victoria , Santamaria Enrique
Published: November 2014

The human brain is exceedingly complex, constituted by billions of neurons and trillions of synaptic connections that, in turn, define ∼900 neuroanatomical subdivisions in the adult brain (Hawrylycz et al. An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the human brain transcriptome. Nature 2012, 489, 391‐399). The human brain transcriptome has revealed specific regional transcriptional signatures that are regulated in a spatiotemporal manner, increasing the complexity of the structural and molecular organization of this organ (Kang et al. Spatio‐temporal transcriptome of the human brain. Nature 2011, 478, 483–489). During the last decade, neuroproteomics has emerged as a powerful approach to profile neural proteomes using shotgun‐based MS, providing complementary information about protein content and function at a global level. Here, we revise recent proteome profiling studies performed in human brain, with special emphasis on proteome mapping of anatomical macrostructures, specific subcellular compartments, and cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, we have performed an integrative functional analysis of the protein compilation derived from these large‐scale human brain proteomic studies in order to obtain a comprehensive view of human brain biology. Finally, we also discuss the potential contribution of our meta‐analysis to the Chromosome‐centric Human Proteome Project initiative.
Carrier–phonon scattering in Landau‐quantized graphene
Authors: Wendler Florian , Malic Ermin
Published: November 2014

We investigate the scattering efficiency of carriers with optical phonons in Landau‐quantized graphene within a microscopic theory. Strong carrier–phonon scattering is induced, if the transition energy between Landau levels is in resonance with the constant energy of the respective optical phonon mode. Here, we study the phonon‐induced scattering rate as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Our results reveal a generally enhanced scattering rate for higher magnetic fields, which is peaked at the magnetic field fulfilling the resonance condition. Furthermore, we find a slower phonon‐induced relaxation at higher temperatures due to phonon occupation effects leading to a stronger increase of the scattering rates for phonon absorption in comparison to the phonon emission.

Sketch of the energetically lowest Landau levels with the Dirac cones for vanishing magnetic field in the background. The optical excitation with linear polarized light (yellow arrows) and the phonon‐induced transitions (green arrows) are illustrated.
Psychosexual Development in Men with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism on Long-Term Treatment: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dwyer Andrew A. , Quinton Richard , Pitteloud Nelly , Morin Diane
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare, genetic, reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by absent puberty and infertility. Limited information is available on the psychosocial impact of CHH and psychosexual development in these patients.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of CHH on psychosexual development in men on long-term treatment.

Methods

A sequential mixed methods explanatory design was used. First, an online survey (quantitative) was used to quantify the frequency of psychosexual problems among CHH men. Second, patient focus groups (qualitative) were conducted to explore survey findings in detail and develop a working model to guide potential nursing and interdisciplinary interventions.

Main Outcome Measures

Patient characteristics, frequency of body shame, difficulty with intimate relationships, and never having been sexually active were assessed. Additionally, we collected subjective patient-reported outcomes regarding the impact of CHH on psychological/emotional well-being, intimate relationships, and sexual activity.

Results

A total of 101 CHH men on long-term treatment (>1 year) were included for the analysis of the online survey (mean age 37 ± 11 years, range 19–66, median 36). Half (52/101, 51%) of the men had been seen at a specialized academic center and 37/101 (37%) reported having had fertility-inducing treatment. A high percentage of CHH men experience psychosexual problems including difficulty with intimate relationships (70%) and body image concerns/body shame (94/101, 93%), and the percentage of men never having been sexually active is five times the rate in a reference group (26% vs. 5.4%, P < 0.001). Focus groups revealed persisting body shame and low self-esteem despite long-term treatment that has lasting impact on psychosexual functioning.

Conclusions

CHH men frequently experience psychosexual problems that pose barriers to intimate relationships and initiating sexual activity. These lingering effects cause significant distress and are not ameliorated by long-term treatment. Psychosexual assessment in CHH men with appropriate psychological support and treatment should be warranted in these patients.
In Search of a New Paradigm for Teaching English as an International Language
Authors: Canagarajah Suresh
Published: November 2014

In the context of more diverse communicative practices and social relations in globalization, scholars are increasingly defining English as constituting socially constructed situational norms in specific contexts of interaction, and not a homogeneous language or even discrete varieties of English. This shift requires treating pragmatics and not grammar, social context and not cognition, as more significant in accounting for one's language competence. To address such changes in pedagogical practice, language teachers have to focus more on developing procedural knowledge (i.e., a knowledge of how, or negotiation strategies) rather than propositional knowledge (i.e., a knowledge of what, or norms and conventions of a language) in their classrooms. This article illustrates how teachers can cultivate procedural knowledge by developing language awareness, rhetorical sensitivity, and negotiation strategies among their students.
Functional classification and biochemical characterization of a novel rho class glutathioneS‐transferase inSynechocystis PCC 6803
Authors: Pandey Tripti , Chhetri Gaurav , Chinta Ramesh , Kumar Bijay , Singh Dev Bukhsh , Tripathi Timir , Singh Arvind Kumar
Published: November 2014

We report a novel class of glutathioneS‐transferase (GST) from the model cyanobacteriumSynechocystis PCC 6803 (sll1545) which catalyzes the detoxification of the water pollutant dichloroacetate and also shows strong glutathione‐dependent peroxidase activity representing the classical activities of zeta and theta/alpha class respectively. Interestingly, sll1545 has very low sequence and structural similarity with these classes. This is the first report of dichloroacetate degradation activity by any bacterial GST. Based on these results we classify sll1545 to a novel GST class, rho. The present data also indicate potential biotechnological and industrial applications of cyanobacterial GST in dichloroacetate‐polluted areas.
The influence of biological and technical factors on quantitative analysis of amyloid PET: Points to consider and recommendations for controlling variability in longitudinal data
Authors: Schmidt Mark E. , Chiao Ping , Klein Gregory , Matthews Dawn , Thurfjell Lennart , Cole Patricia E. , Margolin Richard , Landau Susan , Foster Norman L. , Mason N. Scott , De Santi Susan , Suhy Joyce , Koeppe Robert A. , Jagust William ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2014

In vivo imaging of amyloid burden with positron emission tomography (PET) provides a means for studying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Measurement of subtle changes in amyloid burden requires quantitative analysis of image data. Reliable quantitative analysis of amyloid PET scans acquired at multiple sites and over time requires rigorous standardization of acquisition protocols, subject management, tracer administration, image quality control, and image processing and analysis methods. We review critical points in the acquisition and analysis of amyloid PET, identify ways in which technical factors can contribute to measurement variability, and suggest methods for mitigating these sources of noise. Improved quantitative accuracy could reduce the sample size necessary to detect intervention effects when amyloid PET is used as a treatment end point and allow more reliable interpretation of change in amyloid burden and its relationship to clinical course.
Angiopoietin-like-2: a multifaceted protein with physiological and pathophysiological properties
Authors: Thorin-Trescases Nathalie , Thorin Eric
Published: November 2014

Angptl2 is a multifaceted protein, displaying both physiological and pathological functions, in which scientific and clinical interest is growing exponentially within the past few years. Its physiological functions are not well understood, but angptl2 was first acknowledged for its pro-angiogenic and antiapoptotic capacities. In addition, angptl2 can be considered a growth factor, since it increases survival and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and may promote vasculogenesis. Finally, angptl2 has an important, but largely unrecognised, physiological role: in the cytosol, angptl2 binds to type 1A angiotensin II receptors and induces their recycling, with recovery of the receptor signal functions. Despite these important physiological properties, angptl2 is better acknowledged for its deleterious pro-inflammatory properties and its contribution in multiple chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic disorders and many other chronic diseases. This review aims at presenting an updated description of both the beneficial and deleterious biological properties of angptl2, in addition to its molecular signalling pathways and transcriptional regulation. The multiplicity of diseases in which angptl2 contributes makes it a new highly relevant clinical therapeutic target.
Tylosaurine mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Germany
Authors: Hornung J.J. , Reich M.
Published: November 2014

Two genera of tylosaurine mosasaurs, Tylosaurus and Hainosaurus, are recorded for the first time from Germany. Tylosaurus sp. is represented by two isolated tooth crowns, originally described as Mosasaurus? alseni (here considered a nomen dubium) from the latest Santonian–Early Campanian, which are very similar to T. ivoensis and T. gaudryi. The material of Hainosaurus sp. comprises a maxillary with associated postorbitofrontal, two pterygoid teeth and several indeterminate cranial fragments. The specimen from the Late Campanian is slightly less derived than H. bernardi from the Maastrichtian in retaining labiolingually less compressed anterior maxillary teeth and unserrated pterygoid teeth with only very weak carinae. Despite only minor skeletal differences, the genus Hainosaurus is considered to be distinct from Tylosaurus because of its significant modification of the dental apparatus compared to the plesiomorphic condition in the latter. This dental morphology suggests a phylogenetic trend from a generalised-piercing marginal dentition in Tylosaurus towards the increasingly labiolingually compressed, symmetrical, strongly bicarinate cutting marginal teeth in Hainosaurus spp. from the Early through Late Campanian and Maastrichtian. A similar trend is also present in pterygoid teeth with very indistinct unserrated carinae in the Campanian Hainosaurus sp. towards serrated ones in the Maastrichtian H. bernardi. A short review indicates the presence of Hainosaurus in northern, central and western Europe (Sweden to Spain) since the Early Campanian, and the occurrence of Tylosaurus spp. in the same area until the Late Campanian. Hainosaurus persisted until the end of the Maastrichtian; outside Europe it may have been present in the Late Campanian of the USA and the Maastrichtian of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Judging from a simple, uni- to bicarinate, stoutly conical tooth morphology in aigialosaurs and very basal mosasaurs as well as phylogenetic patterns, the development of blade-like cutting tooth crowns appears to have been convergent in several clades of large-bodied Campanian–Maastrichtian mosasaurids. These include both mosasaurines ('Leiodon' mosasauroides, Prognathodon? sectorius, Prognathodon? kianda, Eremiasaurus heterodontus) and tylosaurines (Hainosaurus spp.).
Assessment of hydration status in a large population
Authors: Baron Stephanie , Courbebaisse Marie , Lepicard Eve M. , Friedlander Gerard
Published: November 2014

Both acute and chronic dehydration can have important implications for human behaviour and health. Young children, non-autonomous individuals and the elderly are at a greater risk of dehydration. Mild hypertonic dehydration could be related to less efficient cognitive and physical performance and has been reported to be associated with frequently occurring pathological conditions, especially nephrolithiasis. The assessment of hydration status in a large sample appears to be of interest for conducting epidemiological and large clinical studies aimed at improving preventive and curative care. Especially in large-population studies, methods that are used have to be accurate, cheap, quick and require no technical expertise. Body weight change is widely used to determine acute hydration changes, but seems to be insufficiently accurate in longitudinal studies. Bioimpedance analysis methods enable the assessment of total body water content, but their use is still under debate. Because plasma osmolality directly reflects intracellular osmolality, it constitutes a good marker to assess acute hydration changes, but not chronic hydration status because it changes constantly. Moreover, venepuncture is considered to be invasive and is not suitable for a large-sample study, especially in children. Urinary markers appear to be good alternatives for assessing hydration status in large populations. Collection of urine samples is non-invasive and cheap. High technical expertise is not required to perform urinary marker measurements and these measurements can be carried out quickly. Thus, methods based on urinary markers are very well suited for field studies. Urine colour is probably the least sensitive marker despite its high specificity. Urine osmolality and especially urine specific gravity could be easily used for determining hydration status in large-sample studies.
EFFECT OF LIQUID CATTLE MANURE ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CORN GROWTH IN NORTHERN GREECE
Authors: MATSI TH. , LITHOURGIDIS A. S. , BARBAYIANNIS N.
Published: November 2014

The impact of liquid cattle (Bos taurusL.) manure, applied to soil at common rates and for several years, on certain plant parameters and soil properties has not been studied extensively. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the effects of manure application on corn (Zea maysL.) yield, macro- and micronutrient concentrations and uptake, in a three-year (2006–2008) field experiment conducted in northern Greece and b) to evaluate the 11-year effect of manure application on soil fertility (particularly on micronutrients avialability) and chemical properties (especially on organic C and total N content). The field experiment of this study had been used in a similar fertilisation experiment since 1996. The treatments, which were applied on the same plots each year over the 11-year period, were: (i) soil incorporation of liquid dairy cattle manure before sowing, at a rate equal to the common N-P inorganic fertilisation for each crop (based on manure's total N and P content); (ii) application of the common inorganic N-P fertilisation for each crop before sowing; (iii) identical to ii, but with split application of the N fertilisers; (iv) no fertilisation (control). Corn dry aboveground biomass yield at the R3 growth stage and grain yield, N, P, K concentrations and macro- and micronutrients uptake increased (p≤ 0.05) upon manure addition at levels similar to or higher than the inorganic fertilisation treatments. The relative increase in grain yield during the three-year period ranged between 63–75% for manure treatment and 50–75% for both inorganic fertilisation treatments. After 11 years of manure application, organic C, total N, and available NO3-N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B increased (p≤ 0.05) in the surface soil (0–30 cm). However, no trend of nutrient build up was evident through years (except for Zn). Surprisingly, salinity and available NO3-N in the 60–90 cm soil depth of the manure-treated plots were lower (p≤ 0.05) than that of the inorganic fertilisation treatments and similar to control. Electrical conductivity was 1.76, 3.05, 2.96 and 1.36 dS m−1, for manure treatment, the two inorganic fertilisation treatments and control, respectively, whereas the respective NO3-N concentrations were 7.7, 44.6, 55.1 and 8.3 mg kg−1. Conclusively, repeated application of liquid cattle manure into the soil, at rates comparable to the common inorganic fertilisation for 11 years, can enhance crop yield and macronutrient concentrations in plant tissues and uptake, at levels similar to the inorganic fertilisation. In addition, it can increase micronutrients plant uptake and maintain soil fertility with respect to both macro- and micronutrients and increase soil organic C and total N, without either causing nutrient build up or increasing soil salinity and NO3−accumulation in the deeper soil layers.
DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SELECTED SOUTH AFRICAN TARO (COLOCASIA ESCULENTAL. SCHOTT) LANDRACES
Authors: MABHAUDHI T. , MODI A. T.
Published: November 2014

Drought tolerance mechanisms of three taro landraces (Dumbe Lomfula (DL), KwaNgwanase (KW) and Umbumbulu (UM)) were evaluated under field conditions Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, over two summer seasons. Taro was slow to emerge (~ 49 days) and showed significant differences between landraces with respect to final emergence with DL never achieving a good crop stand. Growth (plant height, leaf number and LAI), VGI, SC and CCI were significantly lower under rainfed (RF) than irrigated conditions. RF conditions resulted in significantly lower biomass, HI, and final yield of taro landraces compared to irrigated conditions. The UM landrace avoided drought through increased stomatal regulation, lowering chlorophyll content, smaller canopy size and reduced growth period. It is concluded that among the three landraces, UM is suitable for production under water stress conditions, because it exhibited drought avoidance and escape mechanisms.
“The Most Notorious Sucker-Trap in the Western Hemisphere”:The Tijuana Story(Leslie Kardos, 1957) and Mythologies of Tijuana in American Cinema
Authors: FULLER STEPHANIE
Published: November 2014

The histories of Tijuana and Hollywood have long been deeply intertwined, leading critics to argue that American cinema was instrumental in constructing the city's reputation as a dark, seedy and amoral space. However, the 1957 filmThe Tijuana Storypresents a clear contradiction between the way in which it is marketed to evoke the “black legend” of Tijuana and its socially conscious content, tracing the real life story of a Tijuanan journalist who was murdered for taking a stand against crime and corruption. Close analysis ofThe Tijuana Story's paradoxical representation of the city provides a more detailed understanding of Hollywood's relationship with Tijuana and offers a way of discussing the city without reducing it to any one singular mythology. As part of a larger body of films that use images of Mexico to explore left-wing and liberal politics,The Tijuana Storyprovides further evidence of the persistent connection between Mexico and social revolution in American cinema.
Samter's triad with aural involvement: a novel approach to management
Authors: Sethukumar P , Heywood R , Narula A
Published: November 2014

Background:

Samter's triad is a well described condition manifesting as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, asthma and aspirin intolerance in a non-atopic individual. The underlying mechanism is still to be fully elucidated. However, aural disease has not been widely reported in these patients. In the few reported cases, most patients underwent major surgery with varying degrees of success.

Case report:

We report two Samter's triad patients with aural involvement. Both were successfully managed by conservative treatment, thus avoiding the need for major surgery. It appears that more Samter's triad patients may have aural disease than previously thought.

Conclusion:

We report good outcomes with conservative treatment, which is relevant because aural disease tends to reoccur in these patients.
Conservation law of turbulent dispersion
Authors: Falkovich Gregory
Published: November 2014

A side remark in the old paper by Zeldovich and co-authors leads to the recent discovery of a universal conservation law of turbulent dispersion.
Trophic ecology of the zoanthidPalythoa caribaeorum(Cnidaria: Anthozoa) on tropical reefs
Authors: de Santana Erika Flávia Crispim , Alves Amanda Lacerda , Santos André De Melo , Cunha Maria Da Gloria G.S. , Perez Carlos Daniel , Gomes Paula Braga
Published: November 2014

This study examined the trophic ecology of the zoanthidPalythoa caribaeorumin tropical reefs and evaluated its role in the energy flow in that ecosystem. Colonies of this species were sampled in the infralittoral zone of reefs in north-eastern Brazil in 2008. We calculated the richness, total abundance, relative abundance and frequency of occurrence of prey items. The biovolumes and weighted biovolumes of prey were calculated to characterize the most important food items in terms of their biomasses. To evaluate the selectivity, zoanthid and plankton samples were collected in 2010. Pennate diatoms were the most abundant and most frequent prey and, together with invertebrate eggs, constituted the most important food items in terms of their biomasses. There were no significant differences in abundance or richness among the different beaches studied, nor between the different seasons. The mean size of prey items within the polyps was significantly smaller than of the general plankton, indicating thatP. caribaeorumselected for (or limited) certain prey sizes. This species predominantly fed on diatoms, and did not take advantage of many other prey items abundant in the plankton. Our results indicate thatP. caribaeorumis suspensivorous and feeds principally on small phytoplankton. As this species is prey for benthic organisms such as polychaetes and nektonic organisms, our results indicate the importance of this zoanthid in tropical reef ecosystems as a primary consumer that serves as an energy transfer link between the planktonic environment and the nektonic and benthic spheres.
Genetic and antigenic diversity ofTheileria parvain cattle in Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. A study to support control of East Coast fever
Authors: ELISA MWEGA , HASAN SALIH DIA , MOSES NJAHIRA , ELPIDIUS RUKAMBILE , SKILTON ROBERT , GWAKISA PAUL
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the genetic and antigenic diversity ofTheileria parvain cattle from the Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. Thirty-nine (62%) positive samples were genotyped using 14 mini- and microsatellite markers with coverage of all fourT. parvachromosomes. Wright'sFindex (FST = 0 × 094) indicated a high level of panmixis. Linkage equilibrium was observed in the two zones studied, suggesting existence of a panmyctic population. In addition, sequence analysis of CD8+T-cell target antigen genes Tp1 revealed a single protein sequence in all samples analysed, which is also present in theT. parvaMuguga strain, which is a component of the FAO1 vaccine. All Tp2 epitope sequences were identical to those in theT. parvaMuguga strain, except for one variant of a Tp2 epitope, which is found inT.parva Kiambu 5 strain, also a component the FAO1 vaccine. Neighbour joining tree of the nucleotide sequences of Tp2 showed clustering according to geographical origin. Our results show low genetic and antigenic diversity ofT. parvawithin the populations analysed. This has very important implications for the development of sustainable control measures forT. parvain Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania, where East Coast fever is endemic.
Effective metric model theory
Authors: POURMAHDIAN MASOUD , TAVANA NAZANIN R. , DIDEHVAR FARZAD
Published: November 2014

This paper is a further investigation of a project carried out in Didehvar and Ghasemloo (2009) to study effective aspects of the metric logic. We prove an effective version of the omitting types theorem. We also present some concrete computable constructions showing that both the separable atomless probability algebra and the rational Urysohn space are computable metric structures.
Everolimus treatment of a newborn with rhabdomyoma causing severe arrhythmia
Authors: Öztunç Funda , Atik Sezen U. , Güneş Aslı O.
Published: November 2014

Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumour in children often associated with tuberous sclerosis. Arrhythmia caused by cardiac rhabdomyomas may be the initial sign of tuberous sclerosis. Rhabdomyomas unresponsive to other treatments could be successfully managed with everolimus, which has demonstrated benefit in tuberous sclerosis. We report a case of rhabdomyoma causing severe arrhythmia in a newborn managed successfully with everolimus.
How calorie-focused thinking about obesity and related diseases may mislead and harm public health. An alternative
Authors: Lucan Sean C , DiNicolantonio James J
Published: November 2014

Prevailing thinking about obesity and related diseases holds that quantifying calories should be a principal concern and target for intervention. Part of this thinking is that consumed calories – regardless of their sources – are equivalent; i.e. ‘a calorie is a calorie’. The present commentary discusses various problems with the idea that ‘a calorie is a calorie’ and with a primarily quantitative focus on food calories. Instead, the authors argue for a greater qualitative focus on the sources of calories consumed (i.e. a greater focus on types of foods) and on the metabolic changes that result from consuming foods of different types. In particular, the authors consider how calorie-focused thinking is inherently biased against high-fat foods, many of which may be protective against obesity and related diseases, and supportive of starchy and sugary replacements, which are likely detrimental. Shifting the focus to qualitative food distinctions, a central argument of the paper is that obesity and related diseases are problems due largely to food-induced physiology (e.g. neurohormonal pathways) not addressable through arithmetic dieting (i.e. calorie counting). The paper considers potential harms of public health initiatives framed around calorie balance sheets – targeting ‘calories in’ and/or ‘calories out’ – that reinforce messages of overeating and inactivity as underlying causes, rather than intermediate effects, of obesity. Finally, the paper concludes that public health should work primarily to support the consumption of whole foods that help protect against obesity-promoting energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction and not continue to promote calorie-directed messages that may create and blame victims and possibly exacerbate epidemics of obesity and related diseases.
That They May All Be One: Christian Unity in the Work of A.G. Hebert SSM, and its Implications Today
Authors: Morton Philip J.
Published: November 2014

Fr Arthur Gabriel Hebert SSM is perhaps best known for his role in the Parish Communion Movement (PCM), a predominantly Church of England based offshoot of the wider liturgical reform movement of the early and mid-twentieth century. The PCM made the case for Holy Communion to be the main act of Sunday morning worship, rather than the then more widely used Matins service.

Today Hebert's name is most often associated with liturgical reform, and the systematic theology which underpinned his work has fallen largely into obscurity. This paper explores the theology that informed Hebert's liturgical arguments, drawing out his understanding of a faith that transcends denominational and stylistic differences, and makes the case that Hebert's theology has much to contribute to present-day ecumenical and missional dialogue.
Computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder: preliminary meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized effectiveness trials
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Andersson Gerhard , Antonelli Paolo , Dèttore Davide
Published: November 2014

Cognitive behavioural treatments (CBTs) are well-established for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few patients receive CBT, due to factors like geographical limitations, perceived stigmatization, and lack of CBT services. Some evidence suggests that computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural treatments (CCBTs) could be an effective strategy to improve patients’ access to CBT. To date a meta-analysis on effectiveness of CCBTs for OCD has not been conducted. The present study used meta-analytical techniques to summarize evidence on CCBTs for OCD on OCD and depression symptom outcomes at post-treatment and follow-up. A meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Treatments were classified as CCBTs if including evidence-based cognitive-behavioural components for OCD (psychoeducation, exposure and response prevention, cognitive restructuring), delivered through devices like computers, palmtops, telephone-interactive voice-response systems, CD-ROMS, and cell phones. Studies were included if they used validated outcomes for OCD. Eight studies met inclusion criteria (n= 392). A large effect favouring CCBTs over control conditions was found for OCD symptoms at post-treatment (d= 0.82,p= 0.001), but not for depression symptom outcomes (d= 0.15,p= 0.20). Theoretical implications and directions for research are discussed. A larger number of randomized controlled trials is required.
Long-read, whole-genome shotgun sequence data for five model organisms
Authors: Kim Kristi E , Peluso Paul , Babayan Primo , Yeadon P. Jane , Yu Charles , Fisher William W , Chin Chen-Shan , Rapicavoli Nicole A , Rank David R , Li Joachim , Catcheside David E. A , Celniker Susan E , Phillippy Adam M , Bergman Casey M , Landolin Jane M
Published: November 2014

Single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing from Pacific Biosciences is increasingly used in many areas of biological research including de novo genome assembly, structural-variant identification, haplotype phasing, mRNA isoform discovery, and base-modification analyses. High-quality, public datasets of SMRT sequences can spur development of analytic tools that can accommodate unique characteristics of SMRT data (long read lengths, lack of GC or amplification bias, and a random error profile leading to high consensus accuracy). In this paper, we describe eight high-coverage SMRT sequence datasets from five organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster) that have been publicly released to the general scientific community (NCBI Sequence Read Archive ID SRP040522). Data were generated using two sequencing chemistries (P4C2 and P5C3) on the PacBio RS II instrument. The datasets reported here can be used without restriction by the research community to generate whole-genome assemblies, test new algorithms, investigate genome structure and evolution, and identify base modifications in some of the most widely-studied model systems in biological research.
Development and application of an ELISA method for the analysis of protein-based binding media of artworks
Authors: Lee Hae Young , Atlasevich Natalya , Granzotto Clara , Schultz Julia , Loike John , Arslanoglu Julie
Published: November 2014

Development and application of an ELISA method for the analysis of protein-based binding media of artworks.
A sensitive method for the determination of total microcystins in water and sediment samples by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Wang C. , Tian C. , Tian Y. , Feng B. , We S. , Li Y. , Wu X. , Xiao B.
Published: November 2014

Procedures for the determination of total microcystins in water and sediment samples.
Metal organic framework MIL-101 coated fiber for headspace solid phase microextraction of volatile aromatic compounds
Authors: Zang Xiaohuan , Zhang Guijiang , Chang Qingyun , Zhang Xi , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi
Published: November 2014

The sol–gel technique was applied as a novel coating method in the preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-based solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers by coating MIL-101 onto a stainless steel wire.
Signal-on electrochemiluminescent aptasensors based on target controlled permeable films
Authors: Chen Lichan , Zeng Xiaoting , Ferhan Abdul Rahim , Chi Yuwu , Kim Dong-Hwan , Chen Guonan
Published: November 2014

A novel permeability gate-based electrochemiluminescent (ECL) aptasensor has been constructed by utilizing target-responsive polyelectrolyte–aptamer film deposited on the solid-state ECL electrode to control the rate of diffusion of a coreactant that triggers the ECL.
Sulfide synthesis through copper-catalyzed C–S bond formation under biomolecule-compatible conditions
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Li Yiming , Zhang Xiaomei , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: November 2014

We report here an efficient, mild and biomolecule-compatible method for constructing C–S bonds.
Multiplex plasmonic anti-counterfeiting security labels based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Cui Yan , Phang In Yee , Lee Yih Hong , Lee Mian Rong , Zhang Qi , Ling Xing Yi
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate a multiplex plasmonic anti-counterfeiting platform by embedding multiple molecules on a single substrate with superior spectral and spatial resolution.
Flux-mediated crystal growth of metal oxides: synthetic tunability of particle morphologies, sizes, and surface features for photocatalysis research
Authors: Boltersdorf Jonathan , King Nacole , Maggard Paul A.
Published: November 2014

Flux crystal growth of mixed-metal oxide photocatalysts with (A) rod- and (B) platelet-shaped morphologies grown under varied flux conditions.
Calculation of the chemical potential and the activity coefficient of two layers of CO2 adsorbed on a graphite surface
Authors: Trinh T.T. , Bedeaux D. , Simon J.-M. , Kjelstrup S.
Published: November 2014

Thermodynamics of two layers of CO2 on a graphite surface obtained directly from the simulations and the Small System Method.
Resolving stress tensor components in space from polarized Raman spectra: polycrystalline alumina
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Zhu Wenliang
Published: November 2014

A method of Raman spectroscopic analysis has been proposed for evaluating tensorial stress fields stored in corundum-structure alumina polycrystals.
Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization of N-oxyenamine internal oxidants
Authors: Huang Huawen , Ji Xiaochen , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2014

The N-oxyenamine internal oxidant gives more chance to investigate the C–H bond activation under mild reaction conditions.
Ir–Re alloy as a highly active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol
Authors: Deng Chenghao , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Jinghong , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang , Scott Susannah L.
Published: November 2014

We report for the first time the synthesis of a Ir–Re alloy catalyst, which exhibits significantly improved activity in glycerol hydrogenolysis and enhanced resistance against particle sintering compared with a Ir–ReOxstructured catalyst.
A novel Ce3+activated Lu3MgAl3SiO12garnet phosphor for blue chip light-emitting diodes with excellent performance
Authors: Shi Yurong , Zhu Ge , Mikami Masayoshi , Shimomura Yasuo , Wang Yuhua
Published: November 2014

The design, synthesis, and photoluminescence of a novel Lu3MgAl3SiO12:Ce3+garnet phosphor for potential warm-white LED applications are reported.
Water-soluble jack-knife prawn extract inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in humans
Authors: Gamoh Shuji , Kanai Tasuku , Tanaka-Totoribe Naoko , Ohkura Masamichi , Kuwabara Masachika , Nakamura Eisaku , Yokota Atsuko , Yamasaki Tetsuo , Watanabe Akiko , Hayashi Masahiro , Fujimoto Shouichi , Yamamoto Ryuichi
Published: November 2014

Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various ischemic heart diseases or serious arrhythmia.
Investigation of the Passerini and Ugi reactions in β-lactam aldehydes. Synthetic applications
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Callejo Ricardo , Pilar Ruiz M. , Rosario Torres M.
Published: November 2014

Ugi and Passerini multicomponent reactions on 4-oxoazetidine-2-carboxaldehydes allow the straightforward synthesis of highly functionalized β-lactams.