bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUCLEAR MINERALS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Strategic importance of Nuclear Minerals was recognized during early formative years of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, and prospecting for uranium was started in Dera Ghazi Khan in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) as early as 1961. Later, the responsibility for countrywide surveys and exploration was fully entrusted with PAEC and in this respect a Directorate of Nuclear Minerals(DNM) was established in 1966 at Lahore. Later, DNM was shifted to the Atomic Energy Centre (AEC), Lahore building and renamed as Atomic Energy Minerals Centre. It has state-of-the-art Chemistry, Mineralogy, Remote Sensing and Electronics Laboratories and an Ore Processing Pilot Plant. The Centre has Prospecting, Exploration, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Geo-tectonics, Mining and Drilling Sections. Regional Offices have been established to facilitate work at Karachi, Quetta and Peshawar. Siwaliks were recognized as a favourable geological formation of prime importance. Sandstone-shale sequence of Siwaliks Formation is exposed in all provinces of Pakistan and in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), broadly categorized into Rajanpur-Dera Ghazi Khan, Bannu Basin-Kohat Plateau and Potwar-AJK zones. Baghalchur, Nangar Nai and Taunsa uranium deposits have been discovered in the Rajanpur- D.G.Khan Zone. Qabul Khel and Shanawah Uranium deposits have been discovered in the Shanawah- Kohat Plateau Zone. Prospection and exploration is in progress. The first uranium mine was opened at Baghalchur, and uranium mill was established at D.G Khan in 1977-78 all by indigenous effort. The uranium mine was the most advanced and mechanized mine of that time in the country. Later, a second uranium mine was opened at Qabul Khel in 1992, which was based on a new and advanced in situ leach technology, developed to suit local geological and ore zone parameters. Mining of Nanganai and Taunsa Deposits was started respectively in 1996 and 2002, and is also based on in situ leach technology which is low cost and environment friendly.
A Comprehensive Study on Phishing Attack Detection and Mitigation via Ransomware-as-a-Service (RAAS)
Authors: Ifthikhar Nimra , Sajid Ahthasham , Zafar Adeel , Rahman Atta Ur , Malik Rida , Razzaq Hamza
Published: January 2025

Ransomware-as-a-Service (RAAS), a new cybercriminal actor, is making ransomware attacks more potent and widespread. This research comprehensively assesses Ransomware-as-a-Service (RAAS) ecosystem phishing detection and prevention solutions. Seven studies compare RAAS-enabled phishing detection and prevention effectiveness, challenges, and trends. The findings recommend a multi-layered, context-aware approach for organizational resilience to shifting cyber threats. This thorough phishing attack detection and security study examines ransomware-as-a-service. Phishing attacks leverage human weaknesses to steal sensitive data and are becoming more sophisticated. Since RAAS makes ransomware attacks easier, even non-technical people may launch deadly ones. Money is making ransomware assaults more common and severe, putting people, organizations, and key infrastructure at risk. These new attacks must be detected and mitigated to safeguard digital assets. This study compares RAAS ecosystem phishing attack defence detection and mitigation technologies to identify strengths, weaknesses, and emerging trends.
PHYTOPLANKTONS AND ZOOPLANKTONS DIVERSITY IN KARACHI COASTAL SEAWATER UNDER HIGH AND LOW TIDE DURING WINTER MONSOON
Authors: Yaqoob N. , Mashiatullah A. , Chughtai F. , Sehr N. , Javed T. , Ghaffar A.
Published: January 2025

This paper represents the population density of phytoplanktons and zooplanktons recorded during the marine environmental studies at Karachi coast in the month of February 2011. Samples were collected by towing net, preserved and quantification and identification was carried out under light microscope. Twenty-three phytoplanktons species and nine zooplankton groups were recorded in the seawater from the sampling area of 10 square kilometers. Coscinodiscus and Copepods were dominant in the population of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. Phytoplankton population density increased while zooplankton abundance decreased offshore from the coastline in the open sea.
CLAY MINERALOGY OF LITHOFACIES OF NORTHLAND ALLOCHTHON ROCKS, NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Aadil N.
Published: January 2025

Northland Allochthon, a bathyal depth sediments, comprises an originally fining-upwards passive margin wedge which accumulated adjacent to northeastern New Zealand between mid-Cretaceous and latest Oligocene. The Northland Allochthon is overlain by Miocene arc and arc-basin deposits. This paper provides clay mineralogy and its transformation of different lithofacies of the Northland Allochthon rocks of North Island, New Zealand to understand the processes of precipitation during deposition and diagenesis of these rocks and possible later effects associated with obduction and re-burial of these rocks. The clay mineral sequence observed in the study area is from smectite to illite through illite/smectite interstratified mixed-layered clays. X-Ray diffractometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) clay from sandstone and shale shows a progressive increase in illite layers with increasing age.
A REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC TO SOLVE HYDROTHERMAL SCHEDULING PROBLEM
Authors: Haroon S. , Malik T. N. , Zafar S.
Published: January 2025

Electrical power system is highly complicated having hydro and thermal mix with large number of machines. To reduce power production cost, hydro and thermal resources are mixed. Hydrothermal scheduling is the optimal coordination of hydro and thermal plants to meet the system load demand at minimum possible operational cost while satisfying the system constraints. Hydrothermal scheduling is dynamic, large scale, non-linear and non-convex optimization problem. The classical techniques have failed in solving such problem. Artificial Intelligence Tools based techniques are used now a day to solve this complex optimization problem because of their no requirements on the nature of the problem. The aim of this research paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of literature related to both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) as effective optimization algorithms for the hydrothermal scheduling problem. The outcomes along with the merits and demerits of individual techniques are also discussed.
RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE JOS TIN MINING SOIL RESIDUES
Authors: Odusote O. O. , Alausa S. K. , Gyang B. N.
Published: January 2025

This study was performed to measure the radionuclides in the tin mining soil mounds from the Jos Plateau, Nigeria and to evaluate the impact of radiation on the environment where the soils are used as building materials. Gamma spectrometry was employed via a NaI(Tl) detector to determine the activities of the radionuclides 40K, 238U and 232Th in ten (10) samples from points within a distance of 20 km along the mining trail. The results of measurements of natural radionuclide ( 238U, 232Th and 40K) in soil samples show that the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K ranged between 1.51 â€“ 4.98, BDL - 8.64 and 10.3 â€“ 35.2 Bq/kg with mean concentrations of 3.20 1.16, 1.31 2.75 and 25.60 8.89 Bq/kg, respectively. The external hazards ranged between 0.008 â€“ 0.044 with mean value of 0.019 0.009 while the internal hazards ranged between 0.014 â€“ 0.048 with mean value of 0.028 0.009. These hazard values are less than 1. The annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) ranged between 10.28 â€“ 55.87 Svy-1 with mean value of 24.22 12.16 Svy-1 . The radium equivalent activities ranged from 3.07 â€“ 16.23 Bq/kg with a mean value of 7.04 3.53 Bq/kg. The external absorbed dose rate ranged from 5.35â€“ 18.76 Gyh-1 with a mean value of12.95 4.26 Gyh-1 . The internal absorbed dose rate ranged from 10.34 â€“ 35.53 Gyh-1 with an average value of 24.87 8.13 nGyh-1 . The external absorbed dose equivalent rate ranged from 0.007- 0.023 with a mean value of0.016 . The internal absorbed dose equivalent rate ranged from 0.051 â€“ 0.174 with an average value of 0.122 . All the calculated radiological indices fall within the recommended safe limits and world averages. The soil mounds, therefore, do not constitute environmental radiation risks and the soils could be used in construction.
ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF LiNiPO4 AND THE COPPER DOPED ANALOGUES TOWARDS OXYGEN REDUCTION
Authors: Janjua N. K. , Mumtaz M. , Yaqub A. , Sabahat S. , Mujtaba A.
Published: January 2025

Olivine type single phase LiNi(1-x)CuxPO4 (0 < x < 0.99) samples were successfully synthesized by non-aqueous sol-gel method followed by microwave (MW) annealing.. The phase purity, lattice parameters and morphology was confirmed by FTIR, XRD and SEM studies. X-Ray diffraction patterns of both the parent LiNiPO4 (LNP) and doped analogues were similar. Vegard law signifies a linear relation between lattice parameter and dopant concentration. Resultant change (either expansion or shrinkage) in lattice parameters as a result of doping means that effective doping is done showed effective doping by following the Vegardâ€™s law. Both LNP and its doped analogues were found to be electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction which is apparently due to nanosized particles as obtained via MW annealing.
SMGCD: METRICS FOR BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE DATA
Authors: Idrees M. , G. Khan M. U.
Published: January 2025

In the realm of bioinformatics, the key challenges are to manage, store and retrieve the biological data efficiently. It can be classified in to structured, unstructured and semi-structured contents. Typically, the semi-structured biological data comprised of biological sequences. The complex biological sequences produce huge volume of biological data which further produce much more problems for its management, storage and retrieval. This paper proposed metrics; namely, symmetry measure, molecular weight measure, similarity or diversity measure, size base measure, size gap measure, complexity measure and size complexity diversity measure to manage the raised problems in biological data sequences. These metrics measure the sequence complexity, molecular weights, length with gaps and without gaps, its symmetry and similarity through mathematical formulations. The metrics are demonstrated and validated using the proposed hybrid technique which combines empirical evidence with theoretical formulation. This research opens new horizons for efficient management to measure the functionality and quality of metadata for single and multiple biological sequences.
Molecular Imaging of CaO Nanowhiskers in Living Organs
Authors: Butt A. R. , Butt I. A. , Nazir A. , Ikram M. , Sadiq S. , Rashid K. , Shujah T. , Ali S.
Published: January 2025

Nanomaterials are potential ingredients in the diagnostics and drug delivery of various neurological disorders. Calcium oxide (CaO) nanowhiskers were utilized in rats for molecular imaging in liver, kidney and brain. X-ray diffraction (XRD) describes a cubic phase crystal structure of CaO ranges between ~ 4 - 11 nm. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that these nanostructures are stable above 953K. Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) image depicts the agglomerated nanowhiskers formation while Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) also confirms the only presence of Ca and O. These nanostructures were enwrapped with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a biological marker. Necrosis, hemorrhages and degenerations were seen histopathologically in kidney, liver and brain following three months of administration of CaO nanostructures in the degree of severity. Immunofluorescence contemplate likewise could not distinguish any neuro-inflammations.
In Silico Characterization of Hras Pathway for Therapeutic Implications Against Cancer
Authors: Amjad S. , Naz A. , A. Malik M. F.
Published: January 2025

Hras (v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) plays a pivotal role in breast tumorigenesis. Expressional aberrations in Hras has significantly been correlated with patientâ€™s poor overall survival. In the present study, in silico characterization of Hras to trigger downstream effectors including raf, mek, erk has been explored. Three mutational hotspots for Hras (codons12, 13, 61) have been retrieved from the literature. Promoter modelling using Proscan software revealed a promoter region lacking TATA sequence. To study the epigenetic modifications, methylation analysis of promoter lacking TATA box was done using Methylator software. Methylation is directly correlated with tumor targeting therapies as it represses expression of certain oncogenes. Five candidate sites for hypermethylation of Hras were predicted. Analysis of protein residues involved in interlocking with its downstream effector proteins was also uncovered. In addition to this, a diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of micro RNAs (miRNAs/miRs) specifically acting either as oncogene or tumor suppressors on Hras mediated pathway have been identified. Seven micro RNAs (Let-7, miR-195, miR-497, miR- 184, miR-34a, miR-34c, miR-155) found to be responsible for down regulating expression of proteins involved in rassignalling cascade while miR-372 and miR373, miR-212, miR-206/21 and miR17-92 cluster are known to elevate rassignalling pathway. Interestingly, dysregulated expression of Let-7, miR-195, miR-497, miR-184, miR-34, miR-155 co-related with poor prognosis in different cancers has also supported these in silico findings.
A Classification Approach Based on Genetic-Data-Structuring for the Prediction of Hypertension?
Authors: Anis A. , Fahiem M. A. , Tauseef H.
Published: January 2025

Hypertension is known to be a major cause of death around the world. The death rate for this disease has increased up to 94% since last decade. Due to this disease, dangerous health conditions arise like heart failure, kidney failure and stroke. To prevent permanent loss, there is an imperious need for automated techniques to be developed for the detection of this disease. Recently, genetic information has been combined with machine learning techniques for the detection of hypertension disease. The genetics based diagnosis also plays a key role in evolution of this disease. In this paper both the genetic and demographic data is used forth detection of this disease. For detection purpose we have gathered genetic datasets of 250 patients from different databases (online repositories). Our research makes use of a feature set comprising genes, SNP alleles, risk alleles, chromosomes, region and nationality of patients. Here, an algorithm is proposed for data structuring. For performance evaluation of our proposed approach we have applied different types of classification models; naive bayes, filtered classifier, LWL, K* and NBF network. The results obtained show that best accuracy is achieved using naive bayes i.e. 98%.
Reserve Estimation of Silica Sand Deposits by Core Control and Geophysical Methods, A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsulaimani G. , Ahmed M. F. , Raza M. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper summarizes a study carried out for the reserve estimation of silica sand deposits by core control and geophysical data in southern Dawmat Al Jandal, Al Jawf in Saudi Arabia. The study demonstrates the comparison of the data acquired from both core control and geophysical methods. The geophysical techniques applied for this study included the Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to estimate the thickness of surficial silica sand deposits in the study area. The GPR survey acquired 1620 linear meters of ground data across the tape to image internal reflections within the sand deposits up to the contact with underlying sandstone along with 27 MASW field records acquired at different locations by generating 1-D and 2-D shear wave velocity profiles. The results obtained from both of the geophysical investigation techniques were satisfactory and further validated with the core holes data and values.
Online Urdu Handwriting Recognition System Using Geometric Invariant Features
Authors: Jan Z. , Shabir M. , Khan M. A. , Ali A. , Muzammal M.
Published: January 2025

Online touch sensitive devices facilitate users by providing an easy way for inputting online handwritten text. Many useful applications are developed for other cursive script language and are practically used in different fields like banking, commerce, academics, administration and education etc. There are also some systems proposed for online Urdu handwriting recognition but either they have low accuracy rates or high constraints on user while writing. Online Urdu handwriting recognition is a difficult task due to its cursive property and writing complexity. The proposed system tries to recognize Urdu characters and words by using geometric features i.e. cosine angles of trajectory, discrete fourier transform of trajectory, inflection points, self-intersections, convex hull, radial feature, grid (orthogonal and perspective), and retina feature. The proposed system is font, rotation, scale and shift invariant due to geometric invariant features. Before feature extraction low pass filtering and resampling is applied on each input stroke trajectory to remove noise caused by input device and hand movement. After feature extraction linear support vector machine is used for training and testing which gives up to 97% classification accuracy on test data. In recognition phase the proposed system gives a very low false rejection rate.
Antagonist actions of CMK-1/CaMKI and TAX-6/Calcineurin along the C. elegans thermal avoidance circuit orchestrate nociceptive habituation
Authors: Rudgalvyte Martina , Hu Zehan , Kressler Dieter , Dengjel Joern , Glauser Dominique A
Published: January 2025

Habituation is a conserved physiological phenomenon, during which responses decrease following repeated exposure to innocuous or noxious stimuli. Impaired nociceptive habituation is associated with several pain conditions in human, but the underpinning molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
, thermo-nociceptive habituation was previously shown to be regulated by the Ca
2+
/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 (named CMK-1), but its downstream effectors were unknown. Here, using
in vitro
kinase assays coupled with mass-spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics, we empirically identified hundreds of CMK-1 phospho-substrates. Among them, we found that CMK-1 can phosphorylate the calcineurin A (CnA) protein TAX-6 in a highly conserved regulatory domain. Combined genetic and pharmacological manipulations revealed a network of antagonistic actions between CMK-1 and calcineurin pathways in the regulation of the responsiveness of naïve worms and their habituation to repeated noxious heat stimuli. We further highlighted multiple places of action of the two signaling pathways in a subset of thermosensory neurons and downstream interneurons mediating avoidance behaviors. As a whole, our study has identified (i) CMK-1 substrate candidates, which will fuel further research on the intracellular actuation of CMK-1-dependent signaling, and (ii) a complex set of antagonistic interactions between CMK-1 and calcineurin signaling operating at distributed loci within a sensory-behavior circuit, acting to adjust baseline thermo-nociception and regulate thermo-nociceptive habituation.
Development of D-box peptides to inhibit the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome
Authors: Eapen Rohan , Okoye Cynthia , Stubbs Christopher , Schimpl Marianne , Tischer Thomas , McCall Eileen , Zacharopoulou Maria , Ferrer Fernando , Barford David , Spring David , Lindon Cath , Phillips Christopher , Itzhaki Laura S
Published: January 2025

E3 ubiquitin ligases engage their substrates via ‘degrons’ - short linear motifs typically located within intrinsically disordered regions of substrates. As these enzymes are large, multi-subunit complexes that generally lack natural small-molecule ligands and are hard to drug via conventional means, alternative strategies are needed to target them in diseases, and peptide-based inhibitors derived from degrons represent a promising approach. Here we explore peptide inhibitors of Cdc20, a substrate-recognition subunit and activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that is essential in mitosis and consequently of interest as an anti-cancer target. APC/C engages substrates via degrons that include the ‘Destruction box’ (D-box) motif. We used a rational design approach to construct binders containing unnatural amino acids aimed at better filling a hydrophobic pocket on the surface of Cdc20. We confirmed binding by thermal-shift assays and surface plasmon resonance and determined the structures of a number of the Cdc20-peptide complexes. Using a cellular thermal shift assay we confirmed that the D-box peptides also bind to and stabilise Cdc20 in the cell. We found that the D-box peptides inhibit ubiquitination activity of APC/C
Cdc20
and are more potent than the small molecule inhibitor Apcin. Lastly, these peptides function as portable degrons capable of driving the degradation of a fused fluorescent protein. Interestingly, we find that although inhibitory activity of the peptides correlates with Cdc20-binding affinity, degradation efficacy does not, which may be due to the complex nature of APC/C regulation and effects of degron binding of subunit recruitment and conformational changes. Our study lays the groundwork for the further development of these peptides as molecular therapeutics for blocking APC/C as well as potentially also for harnessing APC/C for targeted protein degradation.
Mesoscale functional organization and connectivity of color, disparity, and naturalistic texture in human second visual area
Authors: Ai Hailin , Lin Weiru , Liu Chengwen , Chen Nihong , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

Although parallel processing has been extensively studied in the low-level geniculostriate pathway and the high-level dorsal and ventral visual streams, less is known at the intermediate-level visual areas. In this study, we employed high-resolution fMRI at 7 Tesla to investigate the columnar and laminar organizations for color, disparity, and naturalistic texture in the human secondary visual cortex (V2), and their informational connectivity with lower and higher order visual areas. Although fMRI activations in V2 showed reproducible interdigitated color-selective thin and disparity-selective thick “stripe” columns, we found no clear evidence of columnar organization for naturalistic textures. Cortical depth-dependent analyses revealed the strongest color-selectivity in the superficial layers of V2, along with both feedforward and feedback informational connectivity with V1 and V4. Disparity selectivity was similar across different cortical depths of V2, which showed significant feedforward and feedback connectivity with V1 and V3ab. Interestingly, the selectivity for naturalistic texture was strongest in the deep layers of V2, with significant feedback connectivity from V4. Thus, while local circuitry within cortical columns is crucial for processing color and disparity information, feedback modulations from V4 play a dominant role in processing naturalistic textures in area V2.
Estimation of Yield Losses for Major Diseases (late leaf spot) in High Incidence Areas on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: V.T. Gujar , Gawade S. B. , Dahat D. V. , Wagh P. P.
Published: January 2025

Late leaf spot (LLS, Phaeoisariopsis personata L.) is the major biotic constraint of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) productivity in hot spot location in Maharashtra, India. The aim of this study was to determine the yield losses due to attack of diseases, with and without using the fungicide tebuconazole. Management of LLS through fungicides was evaluated with eight treatments in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif, 2021, 2022 and 2023 at Oilseed Research Station, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. Fungicidal spray impacted the development of Cercospora late leaf spot and reduced the disease intensity. No pod or haulm loss was observed when tebuconazole was sprayed at 25.9 EC (T4) at 50, 65, 80, and 95 DAS when compared to control treatment (T8), which showed losses of 35.95 % and 29.46 % respectively. It was followed by treatment T3 i.e. tebuconazole 25.9 % EC at 50, 65 and 80 DAS and treatment T5 i.e. Tebuconazole 25.9% EC at 65, 80 and 95 DAS. The pod and haulm yield loss in treatment T5 was 9.10% and 9.46%, respectively. The highest BCR was recorded by treatment T4 (4.67), followed by treatments T5 (4.51) and T3 (4.47), respectively. The results indicated that the use of fungicide significantly influenced disease management and, consequently, yield.
Enhancing Liquid Metal Quality in Aluminum Alloys: A Study on Refining Techniques
Authors: Tunca Bilgehan , İnce Burak , Deniz Dilek
Published: January 2025

In this study, the effects of refining processes used in the production of aluminum alloys on the quality of liquid metal were investigated. The impact of oxide compounds encountered during aluminum processing on the quality of the liquid metal and the effectiveness of refining processes aimed at removing these oxide compounds were examined. The study involved four different casting samples made from 6060 alloy, where the effects of flux amounts, cleaning times, and nitrogen gas pressure on the quality of the liquid metal were explored. To assess the quality of the liquid metal, the density index (DI%), bifilm index (BI), and hydrogen level (ml/100 g Al) were analyzed using the solidification under vacuum (RPT) method. Microstructural investigations including parameters such as grain size, grain number, and homogeneity ratio were provided with optimized parameters for the best liquid metal quality. These results emphasize the importance of optimized refining process improving the quality of liquid metal in aluminum production.
Aniline Process Creation for Conversion Improvement Using Hydrogenation Process
Authors: Rohmah A'ida Noor , Palupi Agnes Retno , Manullang Amanda Nathalia Harti Marusaha , Erawati Hadasa Dyah Budi
Published: January 2025

The hydrogenation process of nitrobenzene to aniline is one of the main methods in the chemical industry to produce aniline with high efficiency. This research focuses on optimizing this process through system modification, which includes implementing a recycling flow and adjusting operating conditions such as temperature and pressure. The simulation results show an increase in the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline by 1.44% after modification, from 96.82% to 98.26%. Although these improvements may seem small, their impact is significant on an industrial scale, especially in reducing raw material waste and energy consumption, making it a more sustainable solution. This study provides valuable insights for improving the efficiency of aniline processes in the context of the global chemical industry. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Perceptions of Use of Names, Recognition of Roles, and Teamwork After Labeling Surgical Caps
Authors: Wong Becky J. , Nassar Aussama K. , Earley Michelle , Chen Ling , Roman-Micek Teresa , Wald Samuel H. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Sara N.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Communication failures in perioperative areas are common and have negative outcomes for both patients and clinicians. Names and roles of teammates are difficult to remember or discern contributing to suboptimal communication, yet the utility of labeled surgical caps with names and roles for enhancing perceived teamwork and connection is not well studied.

Objective

To evaluate the use of labeled surgical caps in name use and role recognition, as well as teamwork and connection, among interprofessional perioperative teammates.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this quality improvement study, caps labeled with names and roles were distributed to 967 interprofessional perioperative clinicians, along with preimplementation and 6-month postimplementation surveys. Conducted between July 8, 2021, and June 25, 2022, at a single large, academic, quaternary health care center in the US, the study comprised surgeons, anesthesiologists, trainees, and all interprofessional hospital staff who work in adult general surgery perioperative areas.

Intervention

Labeled surgical caps were offered cost-free, although not mandatory, to each interested clinician.

Main Outcome and Measure

Quantitative survey of self-reported frequency for name use and role recognition as well as postimplementation sense of teamwork and connection. The surveys also elicited free response comments.

Results

Of the 1483 eligible perioperative clinicians, 967 (65%; 387 physicians and 580 nonphysician staff; 58% female) completed preimplementation surveys and received labeled caps, and 243 of these individuals (51% of physicians and 8% of staff) completed postimplementation surveys. Pre-post results were limited to physicians, due to the low postsurvey staff response rate. The odds of participants reporting that they were often called by their name increased after receiving a labeled cap (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 13.37; 95% CI, 8.18-21.86). On postsurveys, participants reported that caps with names and roles substantially improved teamwork (80%) and connection (79%) with teammates. Participants who reported an increased frequency of being called by their name had higher odds for reporting improved teamwork (AOR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.91-6.26) and connection with teammates (AOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.76-5.84). Free response comments supported the quantitative data that labeled caps facilitated knowing teammates’ names and roles and fostered a climate of wellness, teamwork, inclusion, and patient safety.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this quality improvement study performed with interprofessional teammates suggest that organizationally sponsored labeled surgical caps was associated with improved teamwork, indicated by increased name use and role recognition in perioperative areas.
Brain Volume in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Over a 20-Year Span
Authors: Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Pohl Kilian M. , Bischoff-Grethe Amanda , Stoner Susan A. , Moore Eileen M. , Riley Edward P.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Anomalous brain development and mental health problems are prevalent in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but there is a paucity of longitudinal brain imaging research into adulthood. This study presents long-term follow-up of brain volumetrics in a cohort of participants with FASD.

Objective

To test whether brain tissue declines faster with aging in individuals with FASD compared with control participants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collected from individuals with FASD and control individuals (age 13-37 years at first magnetic resonance imaging [MRI1] acquired 1997-2000) compared with data collected 20 years later (MRI2; 2018-2021). Participants were recruited for MRI1 through the University of Washington Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Follow-Up Study. For MRI2, former participants were recruited by the University of Washington Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to August 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Intracranial volume (ICV) and regional cortical and cerebellar gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes were quantified automatically and analyzed, with group and sex as between-participant factors and age as a within-participant variable.

Results

Of 174 individuals with MRI1 data, 48 refused participation, 36 were unavailable, and 24 could not be located. The remaining 66 individuals (37.9%) were rescanned for MRI2, including 26 controls, 18 individuals with nondysmorphic heavily exposed fetal alcohol effects (FAE; diagnosed prior to MRI1), and 22 individuals with FAS. Mean (SD) age was 22.9 (5.6) years at MRI1 and 44.7 (6.5) years at MRI2, and 35 participants (53%) were male. The FAE and FAS groups exhibited enduring stepped volume deficits at MRI1 and MRI2; volumes among control participants were greater than among participants with FAE, which were greater than volumes among participants with FAS (eg, mean [SD] ICV: control, 1462.3 [119.3] cc at MRI1 and 1465.4 [129.4] cc at MRI2; FAE, 1375.6 [134.1] cc at MRI1 and 1371.7 [120.3] cc at MRI2; FAS, 1297.3 [163.0] cc at MRI1 and 1292.7 [172.1] cc at MRI2), without diagnosis-by-age interactions. Despite these persistent volume deficits, the FAE participants and FAS participants showed patterns of neurodevelopment within reference ranges: increase in white matter and decrease in gray matter of the cortex and decrease in white matter and increase in gray matter of the cerebellum.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study support a nonaccelerating enduring, brain structural dysmorphic spectrum following prenatal alcohol exposure and a diagnostic distinction based on the degree of dysmorphia. FASD was not a progressive brain structural disorder by middle age, but whether accelerated decline occurs in later years remains to be determined.
Preeclampsia and Long-Term Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Havers-Borgersen Eva , Butt Jawad H. , Johansen Marianne , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist , Rode Line , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L.
Published: November 2023

Importance

As venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, identifying women at increased risk of VTE is of great importance. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder with generalized endothelial dysfunction. Some studies suggest that preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of VTE, but much controversy exists.

Objective

To examine the association between preeclampsia and the risk of VTE during pregnancy, during the puerperium, and after the puerperium.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational cohort study used Danish nationwide registries to identify all eligible primiparous women who gave birth in Denmark from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2016. The women were followed up from primiparous pregnancy to incident VTE, emigration, death, or the end of the study (December 31, 2016). Statistical analyses were carried out from January to May 2023.

Exposure

Preeclampsia during primiparous pregnancy.

Main Outcomes and Measure

The main outcome was incident VTE, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 522 545 primiparous women (median age, 28 years [IQR, 25-31 years]) were included, and 23 330 (4.5%) received a diagnosis of preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia were of similar age to women without preeclampsia but had a higher burden of comorbidities. During a median follow-up of 10.2 years (IQR, 5.2-15.4 years), preeclampsia was associated with a higher incidence of VTE compared with no preeclampsia (incidence rate, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.10-1.38] vs 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82-0.87] per 1000 patient-years, corresponding to an unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] of 1.45 [95% CI, 1.29-1.63] and an adjusted HR of 1.43 [95% CI, 1.27-1.61]). When stratified according to the subcategories of VTE, preeclampsia was associated with an increased rate of deep vein thrombosis (unadjusted HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.32-1.72] and adjusted HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.31-1.70]) as well as pulmonary embolism (unadjusted HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.09-1.76]; adjusted HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.08-1.73]). These findings held true in landmark analyses during pregnancy, during the puerperium, and after the puerperium.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that preeclampsia was associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE during pregnancy, during the puerperium, and after the puerperium, even after thorough adjustment. Future studies should address how to improve the clinical management of women with a history of preeclampsia to prevent VTE.
The cancer‐associated glycosyltransferase GnT‐V (MGAT5) recognizes the N‐glycan core via residues outside its catalytic pocket
Authors: Osuka Reina F. , Nagae Masamichi , Ohuchi Akito , Ohno Shiho , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Kizuka Yasuhiko
Published: November 2023

N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V (GnT‐V or MGAT5) is a glycosyltransferase involved in cancer metastasis that creates the β1,6‐branch on N‐glycans of target proteins such as cell adhesion molecules and cell surface receptors. The 3D structure of GnT‐V and its catalytic site, which are critical for the interaction with the N‐glycan terminal, have already been revealed. However, it remains unclear how GnT‐V recognizes the core part of N‐glycan or the polypeptide part of the acceptor. Using molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical experiments, we found that several residues outside the catalytic pocket are likely involved in the recognition of the core part of N‐glycan. Furthermore, our simulation suggested that UDP binding affects the orientation of the acceptor due to the conformational change at the Manα1,6‐Man linkage. These findings provide new insights into how GnT‐V recognizes its glycoprotein substrates.
Modular Aptamer Switches for the Continuous Optical Detection of Small‐Molecule Analytes in Complex Media
Authors: Hariri Amani A. , Cartwright Alyssa P. , Dory Constantin , Gidi Yasser , Yee Steven , Thompson Ian A. P. , Fu Kaiyu X. , Yang Kiyoul , Wu Diana , Maganzini Nicolò , Feagin Trevor , Young Brian E. , Afshar Behrad Habib , Eisenstein Michael , Digonnet Michel J. F. , Vuckovic Jelena , Soh H. Tom
Published: November 2023

Aptamers are a promising class of affinity reagents because signal transduction mechanisms can be built into the reagent, so that they can directly produce a physically measurable output signal upon target binding. However, endowing the signal transduction functionality into an aptamer remains a trial‐and‐error process that can compromise its affinity or specificity and typically requires knowledge of the ligand binding domain or its structure. In this work, a design architecture that can convert an existing aptamer into a “reversible aptamer switch” whose kinetic and thermodynamic properties can be tuned without a priori knowledge of the ligand binding domain or its structure is described. Finally, by combining these aptamer switches with evanescent‐field‐based optical detection hardware that minimizes sample autofluorescence, this study demonstrates the first optical biosensor system that can continuously measure multiple biomarkers (dopamine and cortisol) in complex samples (artificial cerebrospinal fluid and undiluted plasma) with second and subsecond‐scale time responses at physiologically relevant concentration ranges.
Photoelectrons Sequentially Regulate Antibacterial Activity and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants
Authors: Tang Yufei , Wang Kai , Wu Bingfeng , Yao Keyi , Feng Shuqi , Zhou Xuemei , Xiang Lin
Published: November 2023

Titanium implants are widely used ; however, implantation occasionally fails due to infections during the surgery or poor osseointegration after the surgery. To solve the problem, an intelligent functional surface on titanium implant that can sequentially eradicate bacteria biofilm at the initial period and promote osseointegration at the late period of post‐surgery time is designed. Such surfaces can be excited by near infrared light (NIR), with rare earth nanoparticles to upconvert the NIR light to visible range and adsorb by Au nanoparticles, supported by titanium oxide porous film on titanium implants. Under NIR irradiation, the implant converts the energy of phonon to hot electrons and lattice vibrations, while the former flows directly to the contact substance or partially reacts with the surrounding to generate reactive oxygen species, and the latter leads to the local temperature increase. The biofilm or microbes on the implant surface can be eradicated by NIR treatment in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the surface exhibits superior biocompatibility for cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, which provides the foundation for osseointegration. In vivo implantation experiments demonstrate osseointegration is also promoted. This work thus demonstrates NIR‐generated electrons can sequentially eradicate biofilms and regulate the osteogenic process, providing new solutions to fabricate efficient implant surfaces.
Optical Nonlinearity Enabled Super‐Resolved Multiplexing Microscopy
Authors: Ding Lei , Chen Chaohao , Shan Xuchen , Liu Baolei , Wang Dajing , Du Ziqing , Zhao Guanshu , Su Qian Peter , Yang Yang , Halkon Benjamin , Tran Toan Trong , Liao Jiayan , Aharonovich Igor , Zhang Min , Cheng Faliang , Fu Lan , Xu Xiaoxue , Wang Fan
Published: November 2023

Optical multiplexing for nanoscale object recognition is of great significance within the intricate domains of biology, medicine, anti‐counterfeiting, and microscopic imaging. Traditionally, the multiplexing dimensions of nanoscopy are limited to emission intensity, color, lifetime, and polarization. Here, a novel dimension, optical nonlinearity, is proposed for super‐resolved multiplexing microscopy. This optical nonlinearity is attributable to the energy transitions between multiple energy levels of the doped lanthanide ions in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in unique optical fingerprints for UCNPs with different compositions. A vortex beam is applied to transport the optical nonlinearity onto the imaging point‐spread function (PSF), creating a robust super‐resolved multiplexing imaging strategy for differentiating UCNPs with distinctive optical nonlinearities. The composition information of the nanoparticles can be retrieved with variations of the corresponding PSF in the obtained image. Four channels multiplexing super‐resolved imaging with a single scanning, applying emission color and nonlinearity of two orthogonal imaging dimensions with a spatial resolution higher than 150 nm (1/6.5λ), are demonstrated. This work provides a new and orthogonal dimension – optical nonlinearity – to existing multiplexing dimensions, which shows great potential in bioimaging, anti‐counterfeiting, microarray assays, deep tissue multiplexing detection, and high‐density data storage.
Visible Light‐Driven Eosin Y‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Type Sulfonylation
Authors: Tang Lin , Lv Ge , Jia Fengjuan , Zhao Rui , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhou Qiuju
Published: November 2023

A strategy for sulfonylation of boronic acids with sulfonyl chlorides has been established via Suzuki‐type radical cross‐coupling. This approach allows for the synthesis of more than 50 sulfone examples enabled by photoredox catalysis under visible light radiation. Moreover, the title reaction is applied in late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, and further transformation of the resulting sulfones into 2‐functionalized sulfones, borates, triphenylphosphine oxide and N‐arylcarbazole can be also achieved.
CO2‐Induced Spin‐Lattice Coupling for Strong Magnetoelectric Materials
Authors: Gao Bo , Xu Song , Xu Qun
Published: November 2023

The preparation of 2D magnetoelectric (ME) nanomaterials with strong ME coupling is crucial for the fast reading and writing processes in the next generation of storage devices. Herein, 2D BaTiO3 (BTO)‐CoFe2O4 (CFO) ME nanocomposites are prepared through a substrate‐free coupling strategy using supercritical CO2. Such 2D BTO‐CFO with strong coupling is built through alternating in‐plane and out‐of‐plane epitaxy stacking, leading to remarkable mutual biaxial strain effects for spin‐lattice coupling. As a results, such strain effect significantly enhances the ferroelectricity of BTO and the ferrimagnetism of CFO, where an unexceptionally high ME coupling coefficient of (325.8 mV cm−1 Oe−1) is obtained for the BTO‐CFO nanocomposites.
HSPA8 Activates Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling to Facilitate BRAF V600E Colorectal Cancer Progression by CMA‐Mediated CAV1 Degradation
Authors: Li Bowen , Ming Hui , Qin Siyuan , Zhou Li , Huang Zhao , Jin Ping , Peng Liyuan , Luo Maochao , Zhang Tingting , Wang Kui , Liu Rui , Liou Yih‐Cherng , Nice Edouard C. , Jiang Jingwen , Huang Canhua
Published: November 2023

BRAF V600E attracts wide attention in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) as stratifying and predicting a refractory classification of CRC. Recent evidence indicates that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is broadly activated and participates in the refractoriness of BRAF V600E CRC, but the underlying molecular mechanism needs to be elucidated. Here, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8), an essential regulator in chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA), is identified as a potential therapeutic target for advanced BRAF V600E CRC. These results show that HSPA8 is transcriptionally upregulated in BRAF V600E CRC, which promotes CMA‐dependent degradation of caveolin‐1 (CAV1) to release β‐catenin into the nucleus and thus activates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, contributing to metastasis and progression of BRAF V600E CRC. Of note, HSPA8 directly interacts with the KIFSN motif on CAV1, the interaction can be enhanced by p38 MAPK‐mediated CAV1 S168 phosphorylation. Furthermore, pharmacological targeting HSPA8 by VER155008 exhibits synergistic effects with BRAF inhibitors on CRC mouse models. In summary, these findings discover the important role of the HSPA8/CAV1/β‐catenin axis in the development of refractory BRAF V600E CRC and highlight HSPA8 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in clinical practice.
Electrochemical Processes and Reactions In Rechargeable Battery Materials Revealed via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Sun Zhefei , Pan Jianhai , Chen Weiwei , Chen Haoyu , Zhou Shenghui , Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Yangsu , Kim Kangwoon , Li Jie , Liu Haodong , Yuan Yifei , Wang Jiangwei , Su Dong , Peng Dong‐Liang , Zhang Qiaobao
Published: November 2023

Rechargeable batteries that make renewable energy resources feasible for electrification technologies have been extensively investigated. Their corresponding performance is strongly dependent on the structural characteristics and chemical dynamics of internal electrode and electrolyte materials under operating conditions. To enhance battery performance and lifetime, a comprehensive understanding of the structure‐dynamics‐performance correlation of such materials under different working conditions is of great significance. Fortunately, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) encompassing high‐resolution imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopic analysis, offers unprecedented insights into the nano/atomic scale structural changes and degradation pathways of rechargeable battery materials under operational conditions. Such insights are pivotal for a deep‐rooted understanding of reaction mechanisms and the structure‐activity interplay within battery materials. This work, therefore, highlights the advances in in situ TEM's utility in unveiling dynamic chemical and physical changes in real‐time within battery materials of rechargeable batteries. Electrochemical processes and degradation mechanisms are systematically explored and summarized. Moreover, the technical progress, challenges, and valuable insights provided by in situ TEM techniques for addressing critical issues in battery materials are underscored. The work concludes with a discussion of emerging research directions that hold the potential to revolutionize the renewable energy field in the near future.