bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fat malabsorption in short bowel syndrome: A review of pathophysiology and management
Authors: Hirsch Thomas I. , Wang Sarah Z. , Fligor Scott C. , Quigley Mikayla , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark , Tsikis Savas T.
Published: March 2024

Fat malabsorption is central to the pathophysiology of short bowel syndrome (SBS). It occurs in patients with insufficient intestinal surface area and/or function to maintain metabolic and growth demands. Rapid intestinal transit and impaired bile acid recycling further contribute to fat malabsorption. A significant portion of patients require parenteral nutrition (PN) for their survival but may develop sepsis and liver dysfunction as a result. Despite advancements in the treatment of SBS, fat malabsorption remains a chronic issue for this vulnerable patient population. Peer‐reviewed literature was assessed on the topic of fat malabsorption in SBS. Current management of patients with SBS involves dietary considerations, PN management, antidiarrheals, glucagon‐like peptide 2 agonists, and multidisciplinary teams. Clinical trials have focused on improving intestinal fat absorption by facilitating fat digestion with pancreatic enzymes. Targeting fat malabsorption in SBS is a potential pathway to improving lifestyle and reducing morbidity and mortality in this rare disease.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy in clinical practice
Authors: Berry Amy J. , Bilbo Amy
Published: March 2024

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a complex condition that disrupts normal digestion and absorption. Patients with EPI may suffer from mild to debilitating malabsorption with a constellation of symptoms that can have a significant effect on quality of life and nutrition status. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is effective and safe to treat EPI and is the standard of care for this condition. A wide variety and various forms of these products exist, as well as numerous guidelines and recommendations. Obtaining PERT for patients can oftentimes be cost prohibitive. Determining the presence and extent of EPI can be challenging and patient specific, making it difficult for practitioners. This narrative review will explore these issues, as well as several disease states potentially affected by EPI, and review current management strategies.
Fat digestion and absorption: Normal physiology and pathophysiology of malabsorption, including diagnostic testing
Authors: Omer Endashaw , Chiodi Cristina
Published: March 2024

Fat digestion and absorption play crucial roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and supporting essential physiological functions. The initial stage of fat digestion occurs in the stomach, where gastric lipase begins the hydrolysis of triglycerides. However, most fat digestion takes place in the small intestine via pancreatic enzymes and bile salts. Emulsification of fat by bile acids facilitates enzymatic action, breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are then able to be absorbed by enterocytes. Fat malabsorption can result from various underlying conditions, such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid disorders, or intestinal diseases. The clinical manifestations of fat malabsorption include steatorrhea, malnutrition, and deficiencies of fat‐soluble vitamins. Diagnostic approaches involve assessing fecal fat levels, imaging studies, and various functional tests to identify the specific etiology. This review article will describe the normal physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption and discuss various pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract as well as their respective diagnostic testing modalities. Effective digestion of fat is essential for overall health, because it allows for absorption of many essential nutrients, plays an integral role in cellular and structural function, and supplies energy to the body. When this is dysfunctional, disorders of malabsorption can occur. This article will give a brief overview of the physiologic process of fat digestion and absorption in healthy individuals as well as review important pathophysiology that can lead to fat malabsorption within the gastrointestinal tract and current diagnostic testing modalities.
Lebanese nursing students' perceptions of barriers to the implementation of person‐centered care in clinical settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Kavuran Esin , Türkoğlu Nihan , Al‐Nuqaidan Hanan , Fawaz Mirna
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aims to investigate how Lebanese nursing students perceive the challenges of implementing person‐centered care in clinical settings.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was adopted for this study.

Methods

At one of Lebanon's top universities, a qualitative descriptive study design was used with 18 nursing students from various academic levels. Content analysis was used to generate the results after three focus group discussions. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to report this study.

Results

The content analysis gave rise to four main themes, namely, “overload”, “challenges with education”, “unawareness”, “establishing connection”, and “lack of initiatives related to policy”. The results showed a number of obstacles that Lebanese nursing students believed were in the path of providing person‐centered care. These obstacles included organisational issues like time restraints and an intense workload, as well as interaction difficulties with patients and healthcare teams, and educational issues like insufficient instruction in person‐centered care concepts during nursing programs.
Family engagement in the care of infectious patients in intensive care units: A hybrid concept analysis
Authors: Soleimani Mohsen , Fakhr‐Movahedi Ali , Yarahmadi Sajad
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aims to define and investigate characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of family engagement in caring for patients with infectious diseases hospitalised in intensive care units.

Design

This is a three‐phase hybrid model study (theoretical, fieldwork, and analytical phase).

Methods

The York University Guidelines were used in the theoretical phase, and ultimately, 16 pieces of literature related to the subject under study from 2011 to 2021 were reviewed. The content analysis was used for fieldwork phases; eight participants were interviewed. Then, the theoretical and fieldwork findings were compared, integrated, and analysed.

Results

This concept has characteristics such as; awareness, belief, perception, and willingness of the nurse to engage the family; a sense of responsibility, willingness, and sacrifice of the family; the physical or virtual presence of the family; triangular interaction between the nurse, patient, and family; perception and identifying the goals; education and information transfer; team collaboration; delegation of responsibility to the family; decision making; and protection of the family. Antecedents include the availability of infrastructure; patient, family, and nurse conditions; and the quality implementation of engagement. The consequences include positive consequences related to the patient, family, nursing, and society, as well as some negative consequences. This study provided a comprehensive perception of family engagement in the care of patients with infectious diseases in intensive care units and defined it more clearly, showing its characteristics, antecedents, and consequences.

Patient or Public Contribution

Eight participants were interviewed, including five nurses, two family caregivers, and one patient.
Increased experiences of loneliness during theCOVID‐19 pandemic, emotional distress and changes in perceived physical and mental health: A structural equation model
Authors: Jabbari JoAnn , Roll Stephen , McQueen Amy , Ridenour Nancy
Published: March 2024

Aim

To explore how experiences of increased loneliness during the COVID‐19 pandemic affected emotional distress and changes in perceptions of physical and mental health.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Data from the Socio‐Economic Impacts of Covid‐19 Survey, a national survey administered to 5033 adults in August and September 2020 in the United States, was utilized in this study. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the associations between increased experiences of loneliness during the pandemic, emotional distress and changes in perceptions of physical and mental health.

Results

Among the 47% of participants who reported increased experiences of loneliness during the pandemic, 31% reported a poorer perceived change in mental health and 12% reported a poorer perceived change in physical health. Increased experiences of loneliness during the pandemic were significantly associated with emotional distress and poorer perceived mental and physical health changes. Emotional distress significantly mediated the effect between increased experiences of loneliness during the pandemic and poorer perceived mental and physical health changes. These findings highlight the importance of producing preventative actions to combat increased loneliness and emotional distress during and after future pandemics in order to improve health perceptions, which can result in negative health outcomes over time.
Monthly unconditional income supplements starting at birth: Experiences among mothers of young children with low incomes in the U.S.
Authors: Halpern‐Meekin Sarah , Gennetian Lisa A. , Hoiting Jill , Stilwell Laura , Meyer Lauren
Published: March 2024

Recently, U.S. advocates and funders have supported direct cash transfers for individuals and families as an efficient, immediate, and non‐paternalistic path to poverty alleviation. Open questions remain, however, about their implementation. We address these using data from debit card transactions, customer service call‐line logs, and in‐depth interviews from a randomized control study of a monthly unconditional cash gift delivered via debit card to mothers of young children living near the federal poverty line. Because much of the impact of the intervention occurs through mothers’ decisions about how to allocate the Baby's First Years (BFY) money, we argue that implementation science must recognize the role of policy targets in implementing policy, not just in terms of policy outcomes but also policy implementation processes. Further, our analysis shows that mothers experience key aspects of the cash intervention's design as intended: they viewed the cash gift as unconditional and knew the money was reliable and would continue monthly, receiving the correct amount with few incidents. Delivering funds via debit card worked well, offering mothers flexibility in purchasing. We also illuminate how design features shaped mothers’ experiences. First, although they knew it was unconditional, the social meaning of the BFY money to mothers—seen as “the baby's money”—shaped their engagement with and allocation of it. Second, low public visibility of mothers’ receipt of this money limited the financial demands or requests from others, potentially facilitating more agency over and a greater ability to use the money as they chose, without claims from kin.
Use of modern three‐dimensional imaging models to guide surgical planning for local control of pediatric extracranial solid tumors
Authors: Shah Nikhil R. , Weadock William J. , Williams Keyonna M. , Moreci Rebecca , Stoll Tammy , Joshi Aparna , Petroze Robin , Geiger James , Newman Erika A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In complex pediatric surgical oncology, surgical planning is contingent upon data gathered from preoperative imaging. Three‐dimensional (3D) modeling and printing has been shown to be beneficial for adult presurgical planning, though pediatric literature is less robust. The study reviews our institutional experience with the use of 3D image segmentation and printed models in approaching resection of extracranial solid tumors in children.

Methods

This is a single institutional series from 2021 to 2023. Models were based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies, optimized for 3D imaging. The feasibility and creation of the models is reviewed, including specific techniques, software, and printing materials from our institution. Clinical implications for surgical planning are also described, along with detailed preoperative and intraoperative images.

Results

3D modeling and printing was performed for four pediatric patients diagnosed with extracranial solid tumors. Diagnoses included Ewing sarcoma, hepatoblastoma, synovial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. No intraoperative complications or discrepancies with the preoperative 3D‐printed model were noted. No evidence of local recurrence was identified in any patient thus far.

Conclusion

Our institutional series demonstrates a wide spectrum of clinical application for 3D modeling and printing technology within pediatric surgical oncology. This technology may aid in surgical planning for both resection and reconstruction, can be applied to a diverse breadth of diagnoses, and may potentially augment patient and/or family education about their condition.
A materials informatics framework based on reduced‐order models for extracting structure–property linkages of additively manufactured continuous fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Shi Shanshan , Lu Yunzhuo , Qin Ruixian , Zhang Xu , Xu Jianxin , Chen Bingzhi
Published: March 2024

The innovative combination of additive manufacturing (AM) and continuous fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) confers products with the dual advantages of integrated manufacturing and designability of properties, but lack an efficient and reliable method for property prediction. This study presents a materials informatics framework using reduced‐order models and machine learning (ML) to extract the structure–property (SP) linkages between microstructures and macroscopic elastic properties of AM‐CFRPCs. The initial step involves generating microstructural 2D cross‐sections and representative volume elements (RVEs) with random fiber and pore distributions based on the minimum potential method. Then, finite element (FE) calculations are performed on RVEs to obtain nine macroscopic elastic properties. Following that, the quantification and dimensionality reduction of the 2D cross‐sectional dataset are conducted separately using two‐point spatial correlations and principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, a Bayesian optimized composite kernel support vector regression (CK‐SVR) algorithm is used to effectively establish complex mapping relationships between the reduced‐order representations of the microstructures and the mechanical properties. Despite the reduced‐order dataset containing only 3–6 variables, the framework generates an interpretable model exhibiting excellent accuracy with all predicted R2 values surpassing 0.91. Therefore, this framework presents a prospective solution for expediting the design and optimization of AM‐CFRPCs.

Highlights

A materials informatics scheme is proposed to predict the 9 elastic properties of AM‐CFRPCs.

Microstructures are quantified and dimensionally reduced by two‐point statistics and PCA.

SP linkages are established between 2D cross‐sections and 3D macromechanical properties.

Modified CK‐SVR exhibits higher prediction accuracy compared to conventional models.
Regulating surface energy and establishing covalent bonds to enhance interface interaction between m‐BN and polyphenylene oxide for 5G applications
Authors: Liao Lingyuan , Ruan Wenhong , Zhang Mingqiu , Li Weihao , Lin Musong
Published: March 2024

Incorporation of boron nitride (BN) into polymers is a promising method to obtain composites with high thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant (Dk), and dielectric loss (Df), while the practical applications are limited by the poor interface between BN and polymer because of surface energy mismatch and absence of covalent bond connection between them. Herein, polydopamine (PDA) with good adhesion is deposited onto the BN. Then, a different amount of silane coupling agent containing vinyl reactive groups is grafted onto PDA‐coated BN. In this way, the surface energy of modified BN (m‐BN) can be adjusted to ensure BN contacts well with polymers. Moreover, reactive groups were introduced on BN for further reaction. Subsequently, covalent bonds between the m‐BN and the polyphenylene oxide (PPO) were established in situ during the curing process. The effects of the m‐BN surface energy on interface quality and thermal conductivity of composites are investigated. The m‐BN/PPO composite achieves a through‐plane thermal conductivity of 5.87 W/m·K and a low Df value of 1.53 × 10−3, as well as a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value (7.8 ppm/K) when the m‐BN loading is 32.6 vol%. This research provides a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating high‐performance composites for high‐frequency applications.

Highlights

Hexagonal boron nitride was modified successfully by combining non‐covalent and covalent modifications.

Regulating surface energy and establishing covalent bonds enhances interface interaction between BN and polyphenylene oxide.

Modified BN/polyphenylene oxide composites display improvements in thermal conductivity and dimensional stability as well as dielectric loss.

Provides a feasible strategy for designing polymer composites with high thermal conductivity, dimensional stability, and low dielectric loss for 5G applications.
Understanding the effect of solid lubricants on scratch behavior in epoxy resins: An experimental and statistical approach
Authors: Ceylan Reyhan , Ozun Elanur , Özzaim Toker Pelin , Korkusuz Orkan Baran , Yarar Eser , Fidan Sinan , Bora M. Özgür , Sınmazçelik Tamer
Published: March 2024

Epoxy resins inherently have low resistance to scratching. To increase the scratch resistance of epoxy resins, reinforcing solid lubricants into the resin is an option. For this purpose, in this study, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and graphite were reinforced in two different epoxy resins (rigid and toughened) at different reinforcement ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt%). The effects of solid lubricant reinforcement on the scratch behavior of rigid and toughened epoxy resins were examined both experimentally and statistically. Scratch tests were performed throughout a distance of 10 mm using a test apparatus under a load of 15 N and a scratch speed of 30 mm/min. Following the scratch tests, the COF (Coefficient of Friction) values, scratch hardness, scratch width, and depth of all samples were determined and compared to neat epoxy for each resin. In general, it has been determined that solid lubricant reinforcement at higher reinforcement ratios has a positive effect on the COF value (15 wt%). In the case of 15 wt% graphite reinforced rigid and toughened epoxy, a decrease of 15.90% and 17.77%, respectively, was obtained in the COF value compared to the neat epoxy. After the scratch tests, statistical analysis was performed according to RSM to support the experimental results, and ANOVA tables were obtained.

Highlights

Epoxy adhesives exhibit low scratch resistance.

Examining the impact of PTFE and graphite reinforcement on scratch behavior.

Two types of epoxy and varied reinforcement ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt%) were studied.

Solid lubricant reinforcement to epoxy positively affected scratch behavior.
Effect of seawater aging on mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of nano Al2O3 and TiO2‐doped glass‐epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Guven Cenap , Kisa Murat , Demircan Gokhan , Ozen Mustafa , Kirar Ersan
Published: March 2024

Ensuring the stability of composite structures in the marine environment is crucial. The harsh and corrosive nature of marine conditions presents unique challenges, making maintenance a top priority. In this study, the impact of seawater aging on the mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites was investigated. Composites were produced using the VARTM method with 2% nano Al2O3 and 2% nano TiO2. Aging was conducted in a seawater environment at room temperature for 120, 240, and 360 days. Mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, and buckling tests, were performed, and water absorption was determined. Structural analysis was carried out using SEM images. The experimental results indicated that the presence of nanoparticles minimized the effect of seawater. TiO2 preserved tensile strength by 10.33%, impact energy by 6.8%, and critical buckling load by 3.06% compared to the pure composite. Al2O3 reduced water absorption to 0.594% and preserved tensile strength by 6.67%, impact energy by 4.02%, and critical buckling load by 2%. Thermal test revealed an increase in thermal conductivity with aging, with the TiO2‐doped composite exhibiting the smallest increase (14.66%). The significance of the obtained results was confirmed through ANOVA analysis.

Highlights

Glass fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite was produced with nano Al2O3 and TiO2.

The effect of seawater aging was investigated.

It showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are a good candidate against seawater aging.

The experimental results showed statistical significance.
Low‐velocity impact behavior in multi‐layered structures and hybrid composites via sandwich stacking techniques
Authors: Hiremath Shivashankar , Zhang Yu , Kim Tae‐Won
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to investigate the impact behavior of fabric laminates composed of carbon, Kevlar, and hybrid materials through low‐velocity impact tests. Non‐hybrid and hybrid laminates were created using layup techniques with sandwich stacking sequences. Drop weight impact tests were conducted using varying levels of impact energy to assess the influence of stacking sequence and hybridization on impact properties. The results showed significant improvements in impact properties with increasing stacking sequence, particularly a 108.8% and 137.4% enhancement in C4 and K4 laminates, respectively. Kevlar laminates exhibited higher energy resistance than carbon laminates, and the Kevlar‐carbon‐Kevlar‐carbon hybrid laminate demonstrated superior impact force and energy absorption capabilities. Additionally, the study analyzed penetration depth and identified different failure modes dependent on stacking sequence and impact energy levels. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing fabric laminated composites. Thus, the research could be implemented in industries requiring materials with enhanced impact resistance, such as aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, and protective gear manufacturing.

Highlights

Investigated the impact performance of stacked fabric structures, including carbon, Kevlar, and hybrid laminated composites, through low‐velocity impact tests.

Fabricated both non‐hybrid and hybrid laminates using layup techniques with a sandwich stacking sequence to assess the impact properties of the composite laminates.

Observed greater penetration depth in the C2 stacked structure, while the KCKC hybrid laminate showcased greater resistance to a depth of penetration (DOP).

Various failure modes were investigated, demonstrating their relationship with stacking sequence and impact energy levels.
Significant enhancement of mechanical properties for glass fiber fabric‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites by improving interfacial bonding
Authors: Fang Hui , Jia Fenghui , Chen Sheng , Zhang Wei , Huang Li , Wu Fangjuan , Chen Hui , Lin Daotang , Jia Jihui
Published: March 2024

In fiber‐reinforced composites, the interfacial bonding between fibers and the matrix is crucial for determining the material's performance. A vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process was utilized in this work to fabricate glass fiber fabric‐reinforced polyamide 6 (GFF/PA6) composites through in‐situ polymerization using caprolactam (CL) as the precursor. To enhance the fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was incorporated into the polymerization system, improving the hydrogen bonding between the matrix and fibers. Morphological observations and interface layer analysis revealed that the introduction of PEG resulted in improved interfacial bonding and increased interface layer thickness. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the amino formate groups formed by the reaction with PEG exhibited more hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the glass fiber surface, thereby promoting interfacial bonding between the matrix and fibers. When the PEG content was 10 wt%, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the corresponding composite increased by 160% and 300% compared to GFF/PA6 composites without PEG. This study presents a promising strategy for enhancing the fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding by modifying the matrix, offering a prospective approach for developing high‐strength thermoplastic composites.

Highlights

GFF/PA6 composites were fabricated via the VARTM method.

The addition of PEG for matrix modification improved the interfacial bonding.

The modification enhances the hydrogen bonding between the matrix and fibers.

Good interfacial bonding can greatly promote the crystallization of the matrix.

The composites exhibited a significant increase in strength and toughness.
In situ synthesis of novel trans‐1, 4‐polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene reactor blends with multi‐component structure
Authors: Shao Huafeng , Xia Pengcheng , Wang Shulei , He Aihua
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a series of novel trans‐1, 4‐polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene (TPI/iPB) in‐reactor blends were synthesized by isoprene and butene sequential two‐stage polymerization technology with spherical TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler‐Natta catalyst. The components, structures, and properties of the as‐obtained TPI/iPB reactor blends were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The active trans‐1, 4‐polyisoprene (TPI) particles obtained in the initial isoprene polymerization by the Z‐N catalyst can be acted as microreactors to initiate butene polymerization subsequently. The TPI/iPB reactor blends with varied components were in situ synthesized within the reactor. The preparative‐temperature rising elution fractionation (p‐TREF) technique was used to fractionate the TPI/iPB reactor blends based on the elution temperature ranged from −40°C to 90°C. The weight distribution and microstructure of each fraction were investigated. The reactor blends are composed of crystallizable high trans‐1, 4‐uint polyisoprene obtained from the first‐stage isoprene polymerization, high isotactic polybutene obtained from the second‐stage butene polymerization and TPI‐b‐iPB block copolymer with different sequence structure obtained from the initial time of the second stage. This work is expected to propose the possible polymerizations of a‐olefins and conjugated dienes by using heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalyst and provide a kind of novel rubber/plastic reactor blend materials.

Highlights

The first synthesis of the trans‐1, 4‐polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene reactor blends.

p‐TREF technique was used to analyze the composition of TPI/iPB reactor blends.

Detailed structure characterization of the fractions including GPC and NMR

TPI‐b‐iPB block copolymer can be obtained through the sequential polymerization.

Rubber/plastic reactor blend materials were fabricated by the Z‐N catalyst.
Anderson‐Modell korrelierter Elektronen bestätigt
Authors: Jolie Wouter , Fischer Jeison , Michely Thomas , Costi Theo
Published: March 2024

Das Anderson‐Modell (Anderson Impurity Model) wird in der Festkörperphysik zur Beschreibung von korrelierten, also stark wechselwirkenden Elektronen genutzt. Es besteht aus lokalen Energieniveaus, die aufgrund der Wechselwirkung mit delokalisierten Leitungselektronen eine nach Yun Kondo benannte Kondo‐Resonanz hervorrufen. Nun ist es erstmals gelungen, diese Energieniveaus zusammen mit der Kondo‐Resonanz präzise zu vermessen, wodurch eine quantitative Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment demonstriert wurde.
Global acetylome profiling indicates EPA impedes but OA promotes prostate cancer motility through altered acetylation of PFN1 and FLNA
Authors: He Chao , Chen Xiuyuan , Chen Ying , Sun Jianying , Qi Manting , Rocha Sonia , Wang Mu
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in men. Metastasis is the main cause of PCa‐associated death. Recent evidence indicated a significant reduction in PCa mortality associated with higher ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption. However, the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. In this study, we applied global acetylome profiling to study the effect of fatty acids treatment. Results indicated that oleic acid (OA, monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA, 100 µM) elevates while EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 100 µM) reduces the acetyl‐CoA level, which alters the global acetylome. After treatment, two crucial cell motility regulators, PFN1 and FLNA, were found with altered acetylation levels. OA increased the acetylation of PFN1 and FLNA, whereas EPA decreased PFN1 acetylation level. Furthermore, OA promotes while EPA inhibits PCa migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that EPA impedes the formation of lamellipodia or filopodia through reduced localization of PFN1 and FLNA to the leading edge of cells. Therefore, perturbed acetylome may be one critical step in fatty acid‐affected cancer cell motility. This study provides some new insights into the response of ω‐3 PUFAs treatment and a better understanding of cancer cell migration and invasion modulation.
Oncology clinicians' feelings towards patients presented in supervision: A pre‐post assessment using the feeling word checklist
Authors: Stiefel Friedrich , Bourquin Céline , Wild Beate , Schellberg Dieter , Michaud Laurent
Published: March 2024

Objective

Clinical supervision of oncology clinicians by psycho‐oncologists is an important means of psychosocial competence transfer and support. Research on this essential liaison activity remains scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of supervision on oncology clinicians' feelings towards patients presented in supervision.

Methods

Oncology clinicians' (n = 23) feelings towards patients presented in supervision were assessed with the Feeling Word Checklist (FWC). The FWC was filled in by supervisees prior and after their supervision sessions (n = 91), which were conducted by experienced supervisors (n = 6). Pre‐ post‐modification of feelings was evaluated based on a selection of FWC items, which were beforehand considered as likely to change in a beneficial supervision. Items were evaluated on session level using t‐tests for dependent groups. Composite scores were calculated for feelings expected to raise and feelings expected to decrease and analysed on the level of supervisees.

Results

Feelings related to threats, loss of orientation or hostility such as “anxious”, “overwhelmed”, “impotent”, “confused”, “angry”, “depreciated” and “guilty” decreased significantly after supervision, while feelings related to the resume of the relationship (“attentive”, “happy”), a better understanding of the patient (“empathic”), a regain of control (“confident”) and being “useful” significantly increased. Feeling “interested” and “calm” remained unchanged. Significant increase or decrease in the composite scores for supervisees confirmed these results.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates modification of feelings towards patients presented in supervision. This modification corresponds to the normative, formative, and especially restorative function (support of the clinician) of supervision.
Translation, validity and reliability of the pain attitudes and beliefs scale for physiotherapists in French
Authors: Soreau Alexis , Ferey Cassandre , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Draper‐Rodi Jerry , Sarzeaud Robert , Benoist Hélène , Ostelo Raymond W. , Merdy Olivier
Published: March 2024

Background

The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS‐PT) questionnaire evaluates manual therapists' biomedical and biopsychosocial beliefs regarding the management of chronic low back pain. Its usage in clinical settings is an important step in the implementation of national guidelines and policies to improve patient management.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to translate the PABS‐PT questionnaire into French, to adapt it culturally, and to conduct a psychometric analysis.

Design

Qualitative and cross‐sectional study.

Method

The translation process followed published guidelines with cross‐cultural validation by an expert committee. We followed a forward and backward translation procedure and an expert committee, including the original author of the questionnaire and a linguistics expert ensuring good cultural adaptation, issued a finalised version. Psychometric analysis of the French version of the questionnaire was conducted among 390 French manual therapists in two phases. The first phase evaluated structural validity as well as external validity compared with the TSK and BBQ questionnaires. Then, reliability and scalability were analysed. The second phase evaluated test‐retest reproducibility by sending the same questionnaire 3 months later.

Results

The validity study revealed three subscales: the classic biomedical subscale and two subscales for biopsychosocial beliefs (aetiology of pain and physical activity). With 21 items in total for the PABS‐PT‐FR, the structural validity scores were good (BM: alpha = 0.82, H = 0.38; Physical Activity: alpha = 0.62, H = 0.32; Aetiology of Pain: alpha = 0.55, H = 0.29).

Conclusions

This study provides a validated tool to assess French physiotherapists' and, more generally, healthcare providers' beliefs about chronic low back pain, with a new insight into the BPS subscale internal construct.
Identification and neuroprotective properties of NA‐184, a calpain‐2 inhibitor
Authors: Baudry Michel , Wang Yubin , Bi Xiaoning , Luo Yun Lyna , Wang Zhijun , Kamal Zeechan , Shirokov Alexander , Sullivan Ed , Lagasca Dennis , Khalil Hany , Lee Gary , Fosnaugh Kathy , Bey Philippe , Mehdi Shujaath , Coulter Greg
Published: March 2024

Our laboratory has shown that calpain‐2 activation in the brain following acute injury is directly related to neuronal damage and the long‐term functional consequences of the injury, while calpain‐1 activation is generally neuroprotective and calpain‐1 deletion exacerbates neuronal injury. We have also shown that a relatively selective calpain‐2 inhibitor, referred to as C2I, enhanced long‐term potentiation and learning and memory, and provided neuroprotection in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Using molecular dynamic simulation and Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) software, we generated about 130 analogs of C2I and tested them in a number of in vitro and in vivo assays. These led to the identification of two interesting compounds, NA‐112 and NA‐184. Further analyses indicated that NA‐184, (S)‐2‐(3‐benzylureido)‐N‐((R,S)‐1‐((3‐chloro‐2‐methoxybenzyl)amino)‐1,2‐dioxopentan‐3‐yl)‐4‐methylpentanamide, selectively and dose‐dependent inhibited calpain‐2 activity without evident inhibition of calpain‐1 at the tested concentrations in mouse brain tissues and human cell lines. Like NA‐112, NA‐184 inhibited TBI‐induced calpain‐2 activation and cell death in mice and rats, both male and females. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses indicated that NA‐184 exhibited properties, including stability in plasma and liver and blood–brain barrier permeability, that make it a good clinical candidate for the treatment of TBI.
Development of a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model to simulate the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Bettonte Sara , Berton Mattia , Battegay Manuel , Stader Felix , Marzolini Catia
Published: March 2024

There is growing interest in the use of long‐acting (LA) injectable drugs to improve treatment adherence. However, their long elimination half‐life complicates the conduct of clinical trials. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical tool that allows to simulate unknown clinical scenarios for LA formulations. Thus, this work aimed to develop and verify a mechanistic intramuscular PBPK model. The framework describing the release of a LA drug from the depot was developed by including both the physiology of the injection site and the physicochemical properties of the drug. The framework was coded in Matlab® 2020a and implemented in our existing PBPK model for the verification step using clinical data for LA cabotegravir, rilpivirine, and paliperidone. The model was considered verified when the simulations were within twofold of observed data. Furthermore, a local sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of various factors relevant for the drug release from the depot on pharmacokinetics. The PBPK model was successfully verified since all predictions were within twofold of observed clinical data. Peak concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve, and trough concentration were sensitive to media viscosity, drug solubility, drug density, and diffusion layer thickness. Additionally, inflammation was shown to impact the drug release from the depot. The developed framework correctly described the release and the drug disposition of LA formulations upon intramuscular administration. It can be implemented in PBPK models to address pharmacological questions related to the use of LA formulations.
Evidence of Cationic Antiphase Disorder in Epitaxial Cu(In,Ga)S2 Grown on GaP/Si(001)
Authors: Bertin Eugène , Gautron Éric , Barreau Nicolas , Cornet Charles , Arzel Ludovic , Choubrac Léo , Létoublon Antoine , Harel Sylvie , Bernard Rozenn , Jullien Maud , Durand Olivier
Published: March 2024

A transmission electron microscopy study of epitaxial Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) films coevaporated on GaP/Si(001), in either Cu‐rich or Cu‐poor conditions, is presented. The spatial distribution and the orientation of the different phases by means of electron diffraction are unveiled. From atomically resolved imaging of the CIGS film's atomic structure, it is concluded that different chalcopyrite domains, sharing cation antiphase symmetries of the cation sublattice, coexist in the films. At least three types of cation antiphase boundaries (CAPBs), which do or do not lead to a violation of the octet rule, depending on the propagation direction, are conceptualized. Even though it is observed that epitaxial CIGS is highly prone to cation antiphase disorder (CAPD), and it is found that the growth of CIGS in Cu‐rich conditions leads to a lower density of CAPBs, as compared to Cu‐poor growth conditions. This opens the question of the influence of CAPBs on CIGS electronic properties.
Natural H2S‐donors: A new pharmacological opportunity for the management of overweight and obesity
Authors: Spezzini Jacopo , Piragine Eugenia , Flori Lorenzo , Calderone Vincenzo , Martelli Alma
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has progressively increased in the last few years, becoming a real threat to healthcare systems. To date, the clinical management of body weight gain is an unmet medical need, as there are few approved anti‐obesity drugs and most require an extensive monitoring and vigilance due to risk of adverse effects and poor patient adherence/persistence. Growing evidence has shown that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and, therefore, H2S‐donors could have a central role in the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity. The main natural sources of H2S‐donors are plants from the Alliaceae (garlic and onion), Brassicaceae (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, and wasabi), and Moringaceae botanical families. In particular, polysulfides and isothiocyanates, which slowly release H2S, derive from the hydrolysis of alliin from Alliaceae and glucosinolates from Brassicaceae/Moringaceae, respectively. In this review, we describe the emerging role of endogenous H2S in regulating adipose tissue function and the potential efficacy of natural H2S‐donors in animal models of overweight/obesity, with a final focus on the preliminary results from clinical trials. We conclude that organosulfur‐containing plants and their extracts could be used before or in combination with conventional anti‐obesity agents to improve treatment efficacy and reduce inflammation in obesogenic conditions. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish their clinical efficacy.
Reduced‐order observer‐based finite‐time control for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear switched singular systems
Authors: Shi Hongpeng , Yang Anqing , Ma Shuping
Published: March 2024

The reduced‐order observer‐based finite‐time control problem for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear switched singular systems is addressed in this paper. First, the design method of the reduced‐order observer is given via state transformation. Then, based on the average dwell time (ADT) approach, some new sufficient conditions for regularity, impulse‐freeness, have a unique solution and finite‐time boundedness (FTB) of the dynamic augmented systems are obtained by exploring the reduced‐order observer‐based controller. Further, the lower finite‐time bound can be obtained by using singular value decomposition method. And the state feedback gain and the observer gain are computed by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the validity of the obtained method is illustrated by means of a numerical example and a DC motor system.
Organizational inclusion and sustainable development: An empirical evidence from the context of Eastern culture
Authors: Zeng Yanqin , Katsumata Sotaro , Zhang Qingyu , Li Xi
Published: March 2024

This study offers new insights into organizational inclusion and corporate sustainable development in the Japanese context. Specifically, we aim to explore organizational inclusion in the antecedents of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) inclusion and its effects on corporate outcomes, such as corporate market performance (CMP) and corporate environmental performance (CEP). Drawing upon legitimacy theory, we propose a conceptual model to uncover how operational diversity encourages organizational inclusion, such as supportive policies and practices. Moreover, grounded in stakeholder theory, we explore how organizational inclusion affects corporate outcomes, including CMP and CEP. Using a large sample of 1456 Japan‐listed firms with detailed organizational inclusive practices and corporate outcomes. Results indicate that operational diversity has positive effects on organizational inclusion. Moreover, the results indicate that organizational inclusion strengthens CMP and CEP. The empirical results are consistent after performing robustness checks based on subsampling. Our study contributes to the global discussion on business ethics, corporate market responses, and sustainable development.
Testing the load capacity curve hypothesis with green innovation, green tax, green energy, and technological diffusion: A novel approach to Kyoto protocol
Authors: Degirmenci Tunahan , Aydin Mucahit
Published: March 2024

Environmental degradation, which is seen as the most critical obstacle to sustainable development, is addressed by SDGs 7, 11, and 13. The Kyoto Protocol is the first international agreement to solve the problem of environmental degradation. The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Annex II nations in promoting environmental sustainability, particularly those that have adopted environmental obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. The study tests the load capacity curve hypothesis for Annex II countries during the 1994–2018 period. To begin with, we applied some priori tests to panel data analysis and utilized appropriate analysis methods based on the results. Unit root, cointegration, and long‐run estimators were employed. The findings confirmed a long‐run relationship for the load capacity curve model. In the end, two different estimators, namely cross‐sectional ARDL and augmented mean group estimator, were used to test the validity of the load capacity curve hypothesis. The study found that while the hypothesis did not hold true for all Annex II countries, it was only valid for Finland. This research suggests that Annex II countries are not adequately contributing to the achievement of the Kyoto Protocol targets.
The Multi-Factorial Modes of Action of Urease in the Pathogenesis of Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
Authors: Owen Emily J. , Heylen Rachel A. , Stewart Kyle , Winyard Paul G. , Jenkins Andrew Toby A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a type of skin inflammation caused by chronic exposure to urine and/or faeces. Current treatment strategies involve creating a barrier between the skin and urine/faeces rather than targeting specific irritants. Urease expressing pathogens catalyse the conversion of urea, present in urine, into ammonia. The accumulation of ammonia causes an elevation in skin pH which is believed to activate faecal enzymes which damage skin, and opportunistic pathogens, which lead to secondary infections.

Objectives

To develop a better, multi-factorial model of IAD pathogenesis, including the effect of urease-expressing bacteria on skin, mechanism of damage of urease and urease-triggered activity of faecal enzymes and secondary pathogens. To study the effect of urease inhibition on preventing IAD skin damage.

Methods

Five separate studies were made using ex vivo porcine skin and in vivo human skin models. Measurements of the change in skin barrier function were made using skin impedance, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum moisture and pH. Skin was exposed to artificial urine, inoculated with various microbes, enzymes and chemicals to examine the influence of: 1) urease-positive Proteus mirabilis 2) ammonia, 3) combination of P. mirabilis and a faecal enzyme, trypsin, 4) combination of P. mirabilis and opportunistic pathogens, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, 5) inhibition of urease using acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) on barrier function.

Results

The urease-mediated production of ammonia had two principal effects: it elevated skin pH and caused inflammation, leading to significant breakdown in skin (stratum corneum) barrier function. Urease was found to further increase the activity of faecal enzymes and opportunistic pathogens, due to elevated skin pH. The urease inhibitor, AHA, was shown to have significantly reduced damage to skin barrier function, measured as its electrical resistance.

Conclusions

Targeted therapeutic strategies should be developed to prevent the manifestation of IAD, rather than creating a generic barrier between skin and urine/faeces. Urease has been identified as a crucial component in the manifestation of IAD, due to its role in the production of ammonia. Urease inhibition provides a promising therapeutic target to halt the progression of IAD.