bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜİK Verilerine Göre Türkiye'de 2009 ve 2016 Yılları Arasındaki Ölüm Oranları ve Nedenleri
Authors: AKTURAN Selçuk , GÜMÜŞ Burak , ÖZER Ömer , BALANDIZ Hüseyin , ERENLER Ali Kemal
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Ölüm istatistikleri; toplumdaki ölüm eğilimini ve farklılıklarını, biyomedikalaraştırmalardaki öncelikleri, halk sağlığı programlarını, finansman kaynaklarınındağıtımına ilişkin kararları ve epidemiyolojik çalışmaların yönlerini belirlemedeyararlıdır. Farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen ölüm istatistiklerinin belirli aralıklarla biraraya getirilip tasnif edilerek sağlıkta kanun koyucularla ve sağlık profesyonelleriylepaylaşılması, dünyada gelişmiş ülkelerde sık kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmadaTürkiye'deki ölüm oranlarını ve yaygın ölüm nedenlerini tespit etmeyi, böyleliklesağlıkta kanun koyuculara ve sağlık profesyonellerine günlük pratiklerinde ve sağlıkhizmeti sunumunun planlanmasında kullanabilecekleri önemli bir kaynak sağlamayıamaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’in websitesinden faklı zamanlarda ve farklı kaynaklardan paylaştığı istatistiksel verilerkullanılmıştır. TÜİK veri tabanından, 2009-2016 yılları arasındaki ölüm nedenleri,ölüm oranları ve nüfus verileri toparlanıp, analiz edilerek tasnif edilmiştir.Bulgular: Türkiye'de ölüm oranı her iki cinsiyette de 2009 ve 2016 yılları arasındaartma eğiliminde olduğu saptanmıştır. En sık ölüm nedeni dolaşım sistemi hastalıklarıolarak belirlenmiştir. Ölümlerin çoğu kış aylarında meydana gelmiştir. Bölgeselhastalık dağılımı incelendiğinde, dolaşım ve solunum sistemlerine bağlı ölümlerinKaradeniz bölgesinin Batı ve Doğu bölgelerinde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Her iki cinsiyet göz önüne alındığında, dolaşım sistemi bozuklukları, maligniteler vesolunum sistemi bozukluklarının en sık ölüm nedenleri olduğu saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Ölüm oranlarının ve ölüm nedenlerinin belirlenmesi, sağlık harcamalarınıazaltarak sağlık alanında geliştirilen politikaların ve sağlığa ayrılan bütçenin daharasyonel oluşturulmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft for preventing epidural fibrosis after laminectomy: an experimental rat model
Authors: UÇKUN Özhan Merzuk , DİVANLIOĞLU Denizhan , AKDAĞ Rıfat , MENEKŞE Güner , DALGIÇ Ali , BELEN Ahmet Deniz
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Post-laminectomy
syndrome due to epidural fibrosis (EF) is a common cause of persistent low back
pain after lumbar spinal surgery and is challenging for both surgeons and
patients. The current experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of
dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) allograft for preventing EF
formation following lumbar laminectomy. Methods: Sixteen Sprague–Dawley rats equally divided into two
groups underwent lumbar laminectomy. Group A, the control group, underwent
lumbar laminectomy with standard closure. Group B, the experimental group,
additionally received epidural dHACM allografts during the procedure. After 45
days of follow-up, the rats were sacrificed, and the harvested tissues were
histopathologically evaluated for EF. Results: Compared with Group A, Group B showed significantly
less EF generation (p < 0.001),
implying that dHACM allografts effectively prevent EF.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that dHACM can effectively
reduce EF formation after spinal laminectomy in rats.
Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de filmes comestíveis de gelatina e quitosana adicionados de óleos essenciais
Authors: Galindo Marcella Vitoria , Paglione Isabela dos Santos , Balan Geane Cristiane , Sakanaka Lyssa Setsuko , Shirai Marianne Ayumi
Published: March 2019

Os óleos essenciais têm sido reconhecidos por suas propriedades antimicrobiana e antioxidante, ganhando destaque na indústria de alimentos para ser utilizado como aditivo natural. Entretanto, a adição direta de óleos essenciais na formulação de alimentos pode provocar a perda de sua bioatividade em razão das condições de processo (luz, calor, pressão e presença de oxigênio) empregadas. Neste sentido, a incorporação de óleos essenciais em filmes comestíveis é uma interessante alternativa, permitindo a obtenção de embalagens ativas que auxiliam na conservação de alimentos. Neste trabalho, filmes comestíveis de gelatina e quitosana adicionados de óleo essencial de alecrim e orégano foram produzidos. Nos filmes obtidos foram avaliadas as propriedades mecânicas, a morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, atividade a antimicrobiana frente aos microrganismos Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus, o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante pelos métodos ABTS e DPPH. Os filmes contendo óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante, sendo em maior proporção para o filme com óleo essencial de orégano. A adição de óleos essenciais não alterou a morfologia dos filmes, a qual apresentou-se compacta, homogênea e sem separação aparente de fases. Os filmes obtidos possuem potencial para produção de embalagens ativas biodegradáveis com o propósito de auxiliar na segurança microbiológica, nutricional e sensorial dos alimentos.
PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH KENTANG G2 DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR KELAPA
Authors: Nuraini Anne , Sumadi Sumadi , Suminar Erni , Suci Azima Nuzula
Published: March 2019

Salah satu kendala dalam teknik budidaya kentang adalah adanya masa dormansi benih yang cukup lama.Upaya mempercepat pematahan dormansi dapat dilakukan menggunakan air kelapa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mendapatkan kombinasi konsentrasi dan lama perendaman benih dalam air kelapa yang paling cepatmematahkan dormansi benih kentang G2 dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan tunas paling baik. Penelitian inidilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian inimenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuannya terdiri dari kombinasi konsentrasidan lama perendaman ubi kentang dalam air kelapa yaitu: tanpa perendaman air kelapa, 25% selama 1 jam, 25%selama 2 jam, 25% selama 3 jam, 50% selama 1 jam, 50% selama 2 jam, 50% selama 3 jam, 75% selama 1 jam,75% selama 2 jam dan 75% selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perendaman air kelapa50% selama 1 jam menghasilkan waktu pemecahan dormansi paling cepat yaitu 27,92 hari dan menghasilkanpertumbuhan panjang tunas dan bobot segar tunas yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci: kentang, dormansi benih, air kelapa, lama dan konsentrasi perendamanABSTRACTOne of the constraint on potato production is a quite long period of dormancy. An efforts to acceleratedormancy breaking can be done using coconut water. The purpose of this experiment was to get a combination ofconcentration and coconut water soaking duration which give a best effect on G2 potato seed dormancy breaking.This experiment was held in the laboratory of Seed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University.This experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment was consistsof : without soaking by coconut water, soaking by 25% coconut water for 1 hour, 25% coconut water for 2 hour,25% coconut water for 3 hour, 50% coconut water for 1 hour, 50% coconut water for 2 hour, 50% coconut waterfor 3 hour, 75% coconut water for 1 hour, 75% coconut water for 2 hour, and 75% coconut water for 3 hour.Results of experiment showed that combination of soaking 50% coconut water for 1 hour was fastest dormancybreaking time of 27.92 days and resulted in the growth of shoot length and fresh weight of buds of potato whichtended to be better than other treatments.Key words: potato, seed dormancy, coconut water, concentartion and soaking duration
Dynamic Urban Growth Model: Phases of Urban Developmen
Authors: Avetisyan Sergey
Published: March 2019

This lecture aims to survey the existing literature on the dynamic urban growth. Theapplication in this lecture is a small step in the long iterative process between theconstruction of a model and its use for practical purposes. In this lecture, we follow thenotion of urban development and conduct an analysis of conceptual modeling phases ofurban development by Paeliuck (1970).
Kolagen dari Limbah Tulang Ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus) terhadap Aktivitas Anti Aging secara In Vitro
Authors: Budiarti Eka , Budiarti Perlambang , Aristri Manggar Arum , Batubara Irmanida
Published: March 2019

Limbah tulang ayam meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsumsi ayam. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang memanfaatkan limbah tulang sebagai sumber kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kolagen terhadap aktivitas anti aging berupa aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan inhibitor tirosinase  secara in vitro dan mendapatkan teknik isolasi kolagen anti aging optimum dari tulang ayam. Isolasi kolagen dilakukan dengan variasi  konsentrasi NaOH, yaitu 0,05 M; 0,10 M; dan 0,20 M, dilanjutkan dengan perendaman menggunakan asam asetat 1 M. Kolagen yang diisolasi dengan NaOH 0,10 M merupakan kolagen dengan ukuran partikel, rendemen, dan antiglikasi terbesar (berturut-turut 2,34 µm, 12,59%, 61,06%) dan memiliki spektrum inframerah yang paling sesuai dengan kolagen standar. Kolagen ini kemudian diaduk dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm selama 6 dan 8 jam untuk pengecilan ukuran. Kolagen dengan pengadukan 6 jam mempunyai ukuran partikel lebih kecil (1,34 µm) dibandingkan dengan pengadukan 8 jam (1,80 µm). Kolagen dengan ukuran 1,34 µm menunjukkan aktivitas terbaik yaitu aktivitas antioksidan terhadap 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) sebesar 24,70% dan inhibitor tirosinase sebesar 26,77%. Berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan antitirosinase, kolagen dengan perendaman NaOH 0,10 M dan pengadukan selama 6 jam memiliki sifat anti aging yang paling baik.

In Vitro Anti-Aging Activity of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Bone Waste Collagen. Chicken bone waste increases with increasing chicken compsumtion. However, study on utilizing chicken bone for collagen source has not been widely explored. This study aims to determine the effect of collagen size on their anti aging activity, and to obtain the optimum condition to produce the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) collagen in the high yield and the best activity. Collagen isolation was carried out in various NaOH concentrations of 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 M, followed by the maceration on acetic acid 1 M. The isolation in NaOH 0.10 M produced the collagen with particle size of 2.34 µm in yield of 12.59% and anti-glycation of 61.06%. The revealed infrared spectrum of the isolated collagen is almost the same with the spectrum of the standart collagen. The collagen in 2.34 µm was further stirred at a 1000 rpm for 6 and 8 hours to reduce the size. Collagen stirred in 6 hours has a smaller particle size (1.34 µm) compared with that of stirred in 8 hours which has a particle size of 1.80 µm. The collagen with size of 1.34 µm showed the best activity, which revealed the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 24.70% and tyrosinase inhibitors of 26.77%. Based on antioxidant activity, anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase, the collagen which was isolated in 0.10 M NaOH and was stirred in 6 hours has the best anti-aging property.
Ion Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anions and Cations in Firecrackers and Matches Samples as Known Potential Explosives
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Lim Lee Wah
Published: March 2019

A reference ion chromatography method based on column switching has been presented for the simultaneous determining anions (Cl−, ClO3−, NO2−, SO42−, and NO3−) and/or cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) using one pump, one type of mobile phase, and one detector. The reference method performed anion-exchange column and cation-exchange column and arranged serially via one 10-port valve. The determination of either anions or cations in one determination system could be made by switching the valve. When the use of 1.25 mM trimellitic acid as a mobile phase and the instrument was operated at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, five anions and five cations were determined on the anion-exchange column and the cation-exchange column, respectively. All anions target could be determined completely within 55 minutes, whereas the cations target could be determined within 35 minutes. The calculation of limit of detection using S/N=3 was 3.85 − 14.10 µM for anions and 2.95 − 10.58 µM for cations. The relative standard deviations of all ions were less than 3.82%, 3.29%, and 3.21% for retention time, peak area, and peak height, respectively. The reference method was then applied for the simultaneous determining anions and/or cations contained in firecrackers and matches samples as known potentially explosives.
Third Parties (Venue Owners, Managers, Security, etc.) and Access to Occupational Health and Safety Among Sex Workers in a Canadian Setting: 2010–2016
Authors: McBride Bronwyn , Goldenberg Shira M. , Murphy Alka , Wu Sherry , Braschel Melissa , Krüsi Andrea , Shannon Kate
Published: March 2019

Objective. To determine the impact of engagement with third parties (i.e., managers, receptionists, or owners of in-call venues; advertisers; security; spotters; and others) on sex workers’ occupational health access.

Methods. We drew longitudinal data from An Evaluation of Sex Workers’ Health Access, a community-based cohort of more than 900 women sex workers. We used multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations to (1) examine factors correlated with accessing third-party administrative or security services and (2) evaluate the impact of third-party services on access to mobile condom distribution and sex worker and community-led services (2010–2016). Finally, we evaluated changes in accessing third-party services pre–post end-demand criminalization (2010–2017).

Results. Im/migrant sex workers (persons with any type of legal status who were born in another country; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35, 3.98) had higher odds of accessing third-party services. In confounder models, third-party services were independently correlated with increased access to mobile condom distribution (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.47, 2.31) and sex worker and community-led services (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.24). End-demand criminalization was linked to a decrease in access to third-party services (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.63, 0.99).

Conclusions. This research suggests that access to administrative and security services from third parties increases sex workers’ occupational health and safety. Policy reforms to ensure sex workers’ labor rights, including access to hiring third parties, are recommended.
Rural–Urban Differences in the Decline of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Ziller Erika C. , Lenardson Jennifer Dunbar , Paluso Nathan C. , Talbot Jean A. , Daley Angela
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To examine change over time in cigarette smoking among rural and urban adolescents and to test whether rates of change differ by rural versus urban residence.

Methods. We used the 2008 through 2010 and 2014 through 2016 US National Survey of Drug Use and Health to estimate prevalence and adjusted odds of current cigarette smoking among rural and urban adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in each period. To test for rural–urban differences in the change between periods, we included an interaction between residence and time.

Results. Between 2008 to 2010 and 2014 to 2016, cigarette smoking rates declined for rural and urban adolescents; however, rural reductions lagged behind urban reductions. Controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, rural versus urban odds of cigarette smoking did not differ in 2008 through 2010; however, in 2014 through 2016, rural youths had 50% higher odds of smoking than did their urban peers.

Conclusions. Differential reductions in rural youth cigarette smoking have widened the rural–urban gap in current smoking rates for adolescents.

Public Health Implications. To continue gains in adolescent cigarette abstinence and reduce rural–urban disparities, prevention efforts should target rural adolescents.
Pregnancy Outcomes in US Prisons, 2016–2017
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn , Beal Lauren , Clarke Jennifer , Jones Rachel , Mosher William D.
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To collect national data on pregnancy frequencies and outcomes among women in US state and federal prisons.

Methods. From 2016 to 2017, we prospectively collected 12 months of pregnancy statistics from a geographically diverse sample of 22 state prison systems and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Prisons reported numbers of pregnant women, births, miscarriages, abortions, and other outcomes.

Results. Overall, 1396 pregnant women were admitted to prisons; 3.8% of newly admitted women and 0.6% of all women were pregnant in December 2016. There were 753 live births (92% of outcomes), 46 miscarriages (6%), 11 abortions (1%), 4 stillbirths (0.5%), 3 newborn deaths, and no maternal deaths. Six percent of live births were preterm and 30% were cesarean deliveries. Distributions of outcomes varied by state.

Conclusions. Our study showed that the majority of prison pregnancies ended in live births or miscarriages. Our findings can enable policymakers, researchers, and public health practitioners to optimize health outcomes for incarcerated pregnant women and their newborns, whose health has broad sociopolitical implications.
The State of the US Governmental Public Health Workforce, 2014–2017
Authors: Sellers Katie , Leider Jonathon P. , Gould Elizabeth , Castrucci Brian C. , Beck Angela , Bogaert Kyle , Coronado Fátima , Shah Gulzar , Yeager Valerie , Beitsch Leslie M. , Erwin Paul C.
Published: March 2019

Public health workforce development efforts during the past 50 years have evolved from a focus on enumerating workers to comprehensive strategies that address workforce size and composition, training, recruitment and retention, effectiveness, and expected competencies in public health practice.

We provide new perspectives on the public health workforce, using data from the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, the largest nationally representative survey of the governmental public health workforce in the United States.

Five major thematic areas are explored: workforce diversity in a changing demographic environment; challenges of an aging workforce, including impending retirements and the need for succession planning; workers’ salaries and challenges of recruiting new staff; the growth of undergraduate public health education and what this means for the future public health workforce; and workers’ awareness and perceptions of national trends in the field. We discussed implications for policy and practice.
A Semianalytical Model for Predicting Transient Pressure Behavior of a Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Well in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir With Non-Darcy Flow and Stress-Sensitive Permeability Effects
Authors: Jiang Liwu , Liu Tongjing , Yang Daoyong
Published: March 2019

Non-Darcy flow and the stress-sensitivity effect are two fundamental issues that have been widely investigated in transient pressure analysis for fractured wells. The main object of this work is to establish a semianalytical solution to quantify the combined effects of non-Darcy flow and stress sensitivity on the transient pressure behavior for a fractured horizontal well in a naturally fractured reservoir. More specifically, the Barree-Conway model is used to quantify the non-Darcy flow behavior in the hydraulic fractures (HFs), while the permeability modulus is incorporated into mathematical models to take into account the stress-sensitivity effect. In this way, the resulting nonlinearity of the mathematical models is weakened by using Pedrosa's transform formulation. Then a semianalytical method is applied to solve the coupled nonlinear mathematical models by discretizing each HF into small segments. Furthermore, the pressure response and its corresponding derivative type curve are generated to examine the combined effects of non-Darcy flow and stress sensitivity. In particular, stress sensitivity in HF and natural-fracture (NF) subsystems can be respectively analyzed, while the assumption of an equal stress-sensitivity coefficient in the two subsystems is no longer required. It is found that non-Darcy flow mainly affects the early stage bilinear and linear flow regime, leading to an increase in pressure drop and pressure derivative. The stress-sensitivity effect is found to play a significant role in those flow regimes beyond the compound-linear flow regime. The existence of non-Darcy flow makes the effect of stress sensitivity more remarkable, especially for the low-conductivity cases, while the stress sensitivity in fractures has a negligible influence on the early time period, which is dominated by non-Darcy flow behavior. Other parameters such as storage ratio and crossflow coefficient are also analyzed and discussed. It is found from field applications that the coupled model tends to obtain the most-reasonable matching results, and for that model there is an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated pressure response.
Increased Tool Life and Enhanced Reliability for Bottomhole Assemblies in Harsh Environments
Authors: Panda Krutibas , Williams Thomas , Collins Anthony
Published: March 2019

Non-magnetic collars must be strong, tough, and corrosion resistant to withstand dynamic drillstring loads while also providing robust housings for measuring and logging-while-drilling (MWD/LWD) tool electronics. This paper describes a materials solution to problems related to the corrosion of drill collars in hostile well conditions. Typical nitrogen-strengthened chrome-manganese drill collar alloys are at risk of early retirement or downhole failure due to pitting, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Tool non-productive time due to increased maintenance, repair, overhaul frequency, and premature removal from service increases operating costs. The results of laboratory trials in conditions representative of active drilling basins show the differentiated performance of a chrome-nickel stainless steel and nickel-based alloy 718 relative to more common chrome-manganese stainless grades currently in wide-spread use. The pitting resistance, SCC resistance, and SSC resistance of both chrome-nickel stainless and nickel grade were found to be significantly better under wide ranging conditions and confirmed the capacity of both alloy systems to outlast incumbent drill collar grades.
Quantifying the Influence of Fractures for More-Accurate Laboratory Measurement of Shale Matrix Permeability Using a Modified Gas-Expansion Method
Authors: Peng Sheng , Ren Bo , Meng Mianmo
Published: March 2019

Matrix permeability is a key petrophysical parameter in reservoir evaluation and simulation. However, measurement of this parameter remains problematic for unconventional reservoirs. One of the challenges lies in the influence of fractures. Inclusion of fractures can lead to overestimation of shale matrix permeability. In this paper, new experimental and data–analysis procedures are developed for more–accurate yet relatively fast measurement of shale matrix permeability on the basis of previous work (Peng and Loucks 2016). The influence of fractures on matrix porosity and permeability is quantified and excluded. Reliability and consistency of the measurement results are confirmed through multiple means, including analytical solution back calculation and measurements for similar samples but with different plug diameters. Because the influence of fractures is explicitly excluded in data analysis, the new method is also more flexible regarding sample conditions—even broken plug samples with fractures can be used in this method. This is another advantage of the new method given the difficulty in obtaining “intact” plugs because of the fissility of shale.
THE FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY OF MALAYSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: WHAT MATTERS MOST?
Authors: Hairuddin Mohd Ali  , Lasisi Abass Ayodele  , Mohd Burhan Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the organisational quality management initiatives (OQMI) and organisational culture (OC) on the sustainability of Malaysian higher education institutions (SMHEI). The study utilised 263 top administrators’ completed questionnaire survey from universities in Peninsular Malaysia. The statistical techniques employed in this study were descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and a full-fledged structural equation modelling to address the research questions and hypotheses testing. The findings revealed that long-term strategic planning initiatives (LSPI) required a thorough revision; communication and decision-making, and organisational climate of Malaysian higher education institutions (MHEI) persisted as challenges in improving the SMHEI. It was also revealed that the implementation of balanced scorecard could enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of MHEI. This study provides a basis for future studies, particularly in the Peninsular Malaysia context. Theoretically, the study also found that not only leadership perspectives required further investigation but also the financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives in the administration for SMHEI.
MICROFINANCE GOVERNANCE: A MULTITHEORETICAL APPROACH FOR ASCERTAINING THE WIDER STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCING FORCES
Authors: Ibrahim Kamal Abdul Rahman  , Mohammad Delwar Hussain  , Md. Suliman Hossin
Published: March 2019

Scholars argue that the agency theory has some limitations as the sustaining theory of governance. It is its inability to distinguish the wider stakeholder influencing forces effecting on organisations. This paper delivers a concise picture incorporating other management-based theories to supplement agency theory in distinguishing the wider stakeholder influencing forces as well as the consequential extended governance standard it creates. Yet, for developing the theory building approach it has reviewed and critically examined the existing literatures. Furthermore, a circumstance is built to assimilate four existing theories that supplement each other to distinguish the wider stakeholder influencing forces. Finally, further studies have been recommended to certify the approach with wide-ranging real life institutional settings.
INTERACTIONS OF SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM INTEREST RATES IN MALAYSIAN DEBT MARKETS: APPLICATION OF ERROR CORRECTION MODEL AND WAVELET ANALYSIS
Authors: Abdul Razak Abdul Hadi  , Zalina Zainuddin  , Hafezali Iqbal Hussain  , Raja Rehan
Published: March 2019

The study examines the key determinant of short- and long-term interest rates within the framework of term structure of interest rate theory. The study employs both error correction model (ECM) and wavelet analysis on these two important economic variables. Using time series data from January 2005 through April 2017, the empirical findings from long-run regression show there is a significant negative relationship between the short- and the long-term interest rates. The two variables are also found to be negatively correlated. More importantly, the statistical results from the ECM at lag 2 reveal that there is a significant long-term relationship between short- and long-term interest rates. Therefore, this empirical finding is in line with the notion of interest rate expectation theory.
APPLICATION OF UMRA AND RUQBA IN DISBURSEMENT OF FAMILY TAKAFUL BENEFIT: AN ANALYSIS FROM SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Md. Habibur Rahman  , Md. Faruk Abdullah  , Puspa Liza Ghazali  , Noor Mohammad Osmani
Published: March 2019

The paper aims to analyse the validity of practicing umra and ruqba concepts in disbursement of family takaful benefit from the shariah perspective. In the current practice of takaful, the disbursement of family takaful benefit is subject to the demise of takaful certificate holder. Upon maturity of the certificate, if the certificate holder is alive, he will enjoy takaful benefit but not the beneficiary or hibah recipient. Accordingly, he takes back the donation that he made earlier, which makes the arrangement contentious, as long as the Islamic value is concerned. To resolve this issue, the paper suggested that the takaful benefit could be disbursed based on umra and ruqba concepts as they are subject to the survival of the contracting parties. Umra and ruqba are valid provided that once the donation is executed, the donated object should never be returned to the donor. These concepts are appropriate for takaful because the beneficiary can enjoy takaful benefit only when the certificate holder dies before the maturity of certificate. Once the certificate holder dies, takaful benefit cannot be provided to him. The paper argues that the application of umra and ruqba concepts minimises the consequential issues that arise when takaful benefit is disbursed by nomination or inheritance or absolute hibah. Analysing the opinions of the classical Islamic jurists, the paper concludes that the application of umra and ruqba in disbursement of takaful benefit could be done with a structured checklist form.
STRATEGIC TA’AWUN AND FASTABIQUL KHAIRAT PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
Authors: Suhaimi Mhd. Sarif
Published: March 2019

Strategic ta’awun (cooperation) and fastabiqul khairat (competing for goodness) are two partnership concepts from Islamic perspectives to enable for sustainable competitive advantage with spiritual synergy. The spiritual synergy rooted in the reciprocal norms, motivation, and determination of the operators in making successful entrepreneurial ventures not only for profitability, but for humanity and environmental benefits. This research explores the effects of strategic ta’awun and fastabiqul khairat partnerships among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Muslim world to attain and sustain competitive advantage. Strategic ta’awun and fastabiqul khairat are part of the Islamic teachings practiced by Muslim society along with obligatory deeds such as prayers, zakat, and hajj. This study postulates that the spiritual reciprocal power in strategic ta’awun enables for unity and synergy among SMEs in Muslim world. Likewise, the reciprocal power of fastabiqul khairat among SMEs enables Muslim society to venture into model of entrepreneurial, urbanised, and sustainable society. The study interviewed five key SMEs owners representing different geographical locations (Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East Asia, North America, and Europe). Indeed, the informants argued that the spiritual reciprocal norm in strategic ta’awun occurred through collaboration and partnerships among SMEs for goodness (fastabiqul khairat) in terms of sharing of expertise, contacts, and commercial projects. This situation allows them to strengthen their competitive advantages in competing with consortium of competitors from different regions. The study suggests the future research to employ case study method for more contextual insights.
Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Grazed Perennial Forage–Crop Rotation System
Authors: Gamble Audrey V. , Howe Julie A. , Balkcom Kris B. , Wood C. Wesley , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Watts Dexter B. , van Santen Edzard
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Perennial forage–crop rotation did not increase soil greenhouse gases emissions compared to annual peanut‐cotton rotation.

Carbon storage was greater for perennial forage–crop rotation compared to continuous peanut–cotton rotation.

Grazing resulted in increased uptake of soil CH4 in some instances.

Soils in southeastern United States have lost much of their original soil organic carbon (SOC) as a result of intensive row‐cropping systems. One example is an annual rotation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under conventional tillage (CT). Incorporation of perennial grasses such as bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) into the peanut–cotton crop rotation (also called a forage–crop rotation or FCR) can increase SOC storage. Cattle (Bos sp.) grazing on bahiagrass and winter cover crops can improve productivity of the FCR system, but may result in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study evaluates the impact of a grazed FCR on SOC storage and GHG emissions to assess its environmental impact of Coastal Plain soils. A closed chamber method was used to examine emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the FCR. Results indicated that the FCR has potential to increase SOC storage when conservation tillage is used. Grazing of bahiagrass reduced SOC in the 5‐ to 10‐cm depth, but this effect was not observed in the subsequent peanut crop in the rotation following grazing. A moderate stocking rate of 2.5 cattle ha−1 resulted in fewer emissions of CO2 and N2O during seasonal measurements compared with ungrazed management, dependent on location, season, and crop. Flux of CH4 was often negligible; however, grazing increased soil uptake of CH4 in some instances. For the cattle stocking rates used in this study, grazing did not negatively affect SOC storage or soil GHG emissions in FCR systems.
Conducting on‐farm research
Authors: Walsh Olga S.
Published: March 2019

Growers have many ideas for improving their farming operations, but there is always a certain amount of risk involved in implementing any change. A great way to minimize this risk is to test changes on a smaller scale by carrying out on‐farm experiments. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/677.
Nitrate on a Slow Decline: Watershed Water Quality Response during Two Decades of Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem Reconstruction in Iowa
Authors: Tomer Mark D. , Schilling Keith E. , Cole Kevin J.
Published: March 2019

The Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge was established as a tallgrass prairie ecosystem reconstruction in the Walnut Creek watershed (5238 ha), Jasper County, Iowa, with >1200 ha of prairie plantings initiated between 1993 and 2006. This study updates the documented decreases in watershed NO3–N losses that accompanied this change in land cover to a 20‐yr record. Annual flow‐weighted NO3–N concentrations declined by 0.15 mg NO3–N L−1 yr−1, which was not significantly different from the rate of 0.07 mg NO3–N L−1 yr−1 reported after the first decade of monitoring. There was also evidence (p < 0.1) that prairie reconstruction led to a declining trend in annual watershed water yield, which would have contributed to the trend of decreasing NO3–N loads. However, variability in climate, including 2 yr with significant flooding events followed by a major drought during the second decade of monitoring, challenged any notion that a watershed water quality record will stabilize even >10 yr after a substantial change in land cover, in this naturally drained watershed underlain by fine grained glacial deposits that exhibit multidecadal groundwater transport times. Efforts to document progress toward water quality goals will need to consider dominant flow paths and associated travel times, uncertainty in the effectiveness of management changes, and a changeable climate.

Core Ideas

Nitrate in streamflow draining a prairie reconstruction was tracked for 20 yr.

Nitrate loss decreased with time, at a slow rate of only 0.15 mg NO3–N L−1 yr−1.

Even with substantial land use change, water quality response may take decades.
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Two Agricultural Soils Amended with Manure‐Derived Biochar
Authors: Clark Mahalia , Hastings Meredith G. , Ryals Rebecca
Published: March 2019

Biochar has been promoted as a means to sequester C and improve soil quality. Biochar produced from agricultural waste streams and recycled as a soil amendment also provides a strategy for improved nutrient management in agricultural systems. The effects of biochar amendment on soil C and N cycling remain poorly constrained. This study aimed to examine the effects of biochar on soil C and N storage, N mineralization, and soil physiochemical properties. Soils were collected from a field experiment in which biochar derived from poultry manure was applied for 2 yr in two croplands differing in soil texture (sandy and silt‐loam). Samples from biochar‐amended and control soils were physically fractionated to separate water‐stable soil aggregates and analyzed for C and N. Biochar amendments increased total soil C by 16 (sandy soil) and 30% (silt‐loam soil). These increases were observed in aggregate size classes associated with short‐term C and N storage in silt‐loam soils and intermediate‐term C and N storage in sandy soils. Net N mineralization rates observed in a short‐term incubation were small or negative (1.79 and −24.7 μg N g−1soil for sandy and silt‐loam soils, respectively), indicating little or no new N mineralization from biochar over short timescales. Biochar amendment had a positive impact on cation exchange capacity at both sites, increasing it by 7 and 11% in the silt‐loam soil and sandy soil, respectively. These results suggest that biochar amendments to cropping systems can improve the capacity of soil to retain nutrients and store C and N.

Core Ideas

Generating biochar from manure is a strategy for sustainable nutrient management.

Manure‐derived biochar was applied in two agricultural soil contexts.

Biochar increased soil C and N, with more pronounced effects with higher clay content.

Biochar improved soil physiochemical properties, including cation exchange capacity.

Biochar provided a source of plant available N, with lower nitrification rates in sandy soils.
Identification of QTL Associated with Drought Tolerance in Andean Common Bean
Authors: Dramadri Isaac Onziga , Nkalubo Stanley T. , Kelly James D.
Published: March 2019

Drought stress is becoming one of the most important abiotic factors limiting productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) globally. The objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of drought tolerance in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The RIL population was developed by crossing Portillo × Red Hawk, two Andean bean genotypes contrasting in reaction to drought stress and evaluated at two locations in Uganda for two seasons under drought stress (DS) and non‐stress (NS) conditions. Eighteen significant QTL signals were identified for phenology, yield component and partitioning traits on chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, Pv06, and Pv11 under DS and NS conditions. Quantitative trait loci for seed yield per plant (SY) were detected on Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, and Pv06 under DS conditions. Colocalized QTL signals for pod weight per plant and SY were identified under DS on Pv01 (45.15 Mb) and on Pv02 (0.12 Mb), for phenology and SY on Pv03 near marker ss715639424 (40.16 Mb), and for SY and harvest index on Pv06 (17.92 Mb). Two candidate genes related to flowering were identified within a 35‐kb region from the ss715639424 marker on Pv03. GenePhvul.003G189100(30.3 kb) encodes “AGAMOUS‐LIKE 65 (AGL65),” which is essential for pollen development, and genePhvul.003G189300(17.9 kb) encodes “CYCLING DOF FACTOR 3 (CDF3)” that regulates flowering time. The same SY QTL, SY3.3PRon Pv03, was previously detected in Mesoamerican germplasm and could be used through marker‐assisted breeding to improve SY of Andean beans grown under DS.
Training in Plant Genetic Resources Management: A Way Forward
Authors: Volk Gayle M. , Namuth-Covert Deana , Byrne Patrick F.
Published: March 2019

Plant genetic resource collections are national treasures that are critical to the success of breeding programs and the long‐term resiliency of agriculture in the United States and worldwide. The USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is a coordinated network of 19 genebank locations throughout the United States that conserve and protect nearly 600,000 accessions representing ∼16,000 plant species. The expertise of current curators must be captured, and training materials must be developed to educate the next generation of those who maintain and use plant genetic resources. A group of experts convened in April 2018 to discuss the needs, pedagogical approaches, educational content, delivery platforms, and mechanisms for sustaining a possible future plant genetic resources management training program. A three‐component approach was envisioned to achieve the task of educating current and future genebank managers, as well as those who use genetic resources in their research and breeding programs. The proposed training program will include the development of online Resource Libraries, online courses, and workshops. Resource Libraries, hosted by GRIN‐Global, will make learning objects, downloadable information, and links to other online sources publicly available. These Resource Libraries will be available for use in existing classes, as well as for the development of new workshops and online courses. Development of, and public access to, training resources will capture key information about genebanking, make it more widely available, and secure its long‐term viability.
PLANNING FOR INDONESIAN HERITAGE CITY
Authors: Hariyawan S. Dwi
Published: March 2019

Conservation of cultural heritage is one of the issues in spatial planning in Indonesia. Besides being a mandate from the Spatial Planning Law, conserving cultural heritage is an effort to realize a livable and sustainable city. This article presents how planning policies can play a role in conserving cultural heritage as an important value of an area.
Bootstrapping mixed correlators in three-dimensional cubic theories
Authors: Kousvos Stefanos R. , Stergiou Andreas
Published: March 2019

Three-dimensional theories with cubic symmetry are studied using the
machinery of the numerical conformal bootstrap. Crossing symmetry and
unitarity are imposed on a set of mixed correlators, and various aspects
of the parameter space are probed for consistency. An isolated allowed
region in parameter space is found under certain assumptions involving
pushing operator dimensions above marginality, indicating the existence
of a conformal field theory in this region. The obtained results have
possible applications for ferromagnetic phase transitions as well as
structural phase transitions in crystals. They are in tension with
previous \epsilonϵ
expansion results, as noticed already in earlier work.
Occurrence of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles in water distribution networks of Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand
Authors: Ratpukdi Thunyalux , Sinorak Sudarat , Kiattisaksiri Pradabduang , Punyapalakul Patiparn , Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi Sumana
Published: March 2019

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in three water distribution networks (Thapra, Kota, and Khon Kaen University (KKU)) in Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand, from November 2015 to December 2016 was investigated. The highest THMs and HANs were 584 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant species of the THM pool and trichloroacetonitriles were the dominant species for HANs. Water treatment plants using free chlorine (Thapra and Kota) formed more THMs than the plant using ClO2 (KKU). In the summer season, more brominate THMs were observed. In many locations, total THM concentrations were found to be higher than the drinking water standard of the Provincial Water Authority of Thailand. The concentration of THMs tended to increase with greater distance from the water plants (as water aged), while HAN concentrations decreased with distance, potentially because they were undergoing hydrolysis in the pipeline.
Decision tree (DT), generalized regression neural network (GR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models for sediment transport in sewer pipes
Authors: Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh
Published: March 2019

Sediment deposition in sewers and urban drainage systems has great effect on the hydraulic capacity of the channel. In this respect, the self-cleansing concept has been widely used for sewers and urban drainage systems design. This study investigates the bed load sediment transport in sewer pipes with particular reference to the non-deposition condition in clean bed channels. Four data sets available in the literature covering wide ranges of pipe size, sediment size and sediment volumetric concentration have been utilized through applying decision tree (DT), generalized regression neural network (GR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) techniques for modeling. The developed models have been compared with conventional regression models available in the literature. The model performance indicators, showed that DT, GR and MARS models outperform conventional regression models. Result shows that GR and MARS models are comparable in terms of calculating particle Froude number and performing better than DT. It is concluded that conventional regression models generally overestimate particle Froude number for the non-deposition condition of sediment transport, while DT, GR and MARS outputs are close to their measured counterparts.
AS INSCRIÇÕES DE SI DA POPULAÇÃO DE RUA NO JORNAL BOCA DE RUA
Authors: Viana Arthur Walber , Morigi Valdir Jose
Published: March 2019

Como a população de rua inscreve a si própria na narrativa do Jornal Boca de Rua: é essa, de maneira sucinta, a questão que o artigo buscará desvendar. Por ser uma publicação na qual as pessoas em situação de rua são os sujeitos criativos por trás dos textos, intriga-nos a maneira como usam esta relativa liberdade de “definir a si”. Efetuaremos um estudo actancial: atentaremos ao que moradoras e moradores de rua fazem nos textos; que linguagem usam; com quem e com o que se relacionam. Apesar de qualquer limite imposto, sintático, sociopolítico ou econômico, há no Boca de Rua um grito contra as impossibilidades que esmagam estas vidas precárias, símbolos máximos da decadência do capitalismo neoliberal mundial: o jornal mostra-se um lugar de memória, espaço para a inscrição no mundo de vidas singulares e dignas de lembrança.
BREVE ESTUDO FILOSÓFICO SOBRE A ELABORAÇÃO DE CATEGORIAS EM REVISÕES DA LITERATURA: A PERSPECTIVA DA CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Unger Roberto
Published: March 2019

Descreve, baseado na literatura, o saber prático da elaboração das categorias na construção das revisões de literatura e introduz a prática de uma explanação do saber teórico, baseado na Filosofia, para a elaboração das categorias. A categorização é utilizada como meio para apontar a que classe determinado conceito pertence considerando que não é um procedimento natural mas um esforço intelectivo de compreensão relacionado à síntese como método cognitivo que reúne e integra estudos agrupando o conhecimento em categorias facilitando a sua ordenação e sumarização. A compreensão do saber filosófico da elaboração de categorias nos estudos de revisão da literatura pode contribuir para reflexão e, posterior, aprimoramento dessa prática.