bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The atypical chemokine receptor 2 reduces T cell expansion and tertiary lymphoid tissue but does not limit autoimmune organ injury in lupus-prone B6lpr mice
Authors: Xia Wenkai , Eltrich Nuru , Vielhauer Volker
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine scavenger receptor, which limits inflammation and organ damage in several experimental disease models including kidney diseases. However, potential roles of ACKR2 in reducing inflammation and tissue injury in autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis are unknown, as well as its effects on systemic autoimmunity.

Methods

To characterize functional roles of ACKR2 in SLE, genetic Ackr2 deficiency was introduced into lupus-prone C57BL/6lpr (Ackr2-/- B6lpr) mice.

Results

Upon inflammatory stimulation in vitro, secreted chemokine levels increased in Ackr2 deficient tubulointerstitial tissue but not glomeruli. Moreover, Ackr2 expression was induced in kidneys and lungs of female C57BL/6lpr mice developing SLE. However, female Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice at 28 weeks of age showed similar renal functional parameters as wildtype (WT)-B6lpr mice. Consistently, assessment of activity and chronicity indices for lupus nephritis revealed comparable renal injury. Interestingly, Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice showed significantly increased renal infiltrates of CD3+ T and B cells, but not neutrophils, macrophages or dendritic cells, with T cells predominantly accumulating in the tubulointerstitial compartment of Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. In addition, histology demonstrated significantly increased peribronchial lung infiltrates of CD3+ T cells in Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. Despite this, protein levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators were not different in kidneys and lungs of WT- and Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. This data suggests compensatory mechanisms for sufficient chemokine clearance in Ackr2-deficient B6lpr mice in vivo. Analysis of systemic autoimmune responses revealed comparable levels of circulating lupus-associated autoantibodies and glomerular immunoglobulin deposition in the two genotypes. Interestingly, similar to kidney and lung CD4+ T cell numbers and activation were significantly increased in spleens of Ackr2-deficient B6lpr mice. In lymph nodes of Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice abundance of activated dendritic cells decreased, but CD4+ T cell numbers were comparable to WT. Moreover, increased plasma levels of CCL2 were present in Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice, which may facilitate T cell mobilization into spleens and peripheral organs.

Discussion

In summary, we show that ACKR2 prevents expansion of T cells and formation of tertiary lymphoid tissue, but is not essential to limit autoimmune tissue injury in lupus-prone B6lpr mice.
Case report: Isolated brainstem-cerebellar symptoms in a patient with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Xu Yongfeng , Tao Qingqing , Dong Yi , Zhang Yinxi
Published: May 2024

Cerebellar ataxia is an uncommon and atypical manifestation of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, often accompanied by seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Previous cases of isolated brainstem-cerebellar symptoms in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have not been documented. This report presents a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in which the patient exhibited cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia, positive bilateral pathological signs, and hemiparesthesia with no other accompanying symptoms or signs. The presence of positive CSF anti-NMDAR antibodies further supports the diagnosis. Other autoantibodies were excluded through the use of cell-based assays. Immunotherapy was subsequently administered, leading to a gradual recovery of the patient.
Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Zheng Yixin , Wei Kai , Jiang Ping , Zhao Jianan , Shan Yu , Shi Yiming , Zhao Fuyu , Chang Cen , Li Yunshen , Zhou Mi , Lv Xinliang , Guo Shicheng , He Dongyi
Published: May 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Macrophages are key effector cells that play a central role in RA pathogenesis through their ability to polarize into distinct functional phenotypes. An imbalance favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages over anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates joint inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways, including Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κb, and MAPK, regulate macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype in RA. Metabolic reprogramming also contributes to this process, with M1 macrophages prioritizing glycolysis while M2 macrophages utilize oxidative phosphorylation. Redressing this imbalance by modulating macrophage polarization and metabolic state represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, complex bidirectional interactions exist between synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), forming a self-perpetuating inflammatory loop. Macrophage-derived factors promote aggressive phenotypes in FLS, while FLS-secreted mediators contribute to aberrant macrophage activation. Elucidating the signaling networks governing macrophage polarization, metabolic adaptations, and crosstalk with FLS is crucial to developing targeted therapies that can restore immune homeostasis and mitigate joint pathology in RA.
Serum AXL is a potential molecular marker for predicting COVID-19 progression
Authors: You Jianbin , Huang Rong , Zhong Ruifang , Shen Jing , Huang Shuhang , Chen Jinhua , Chen Falin , Kang Yanli , Chen Liangyuan
Published: May 2024

Background

The severity, symptoms, and outcome of COVID-19 is thought to be closely linked to how the virus enters host cells. This process involves the key roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the Tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL) receptors. However, there is limited research on the circulating levels of ACE2 and AXL and their implications in COVID-19.

Methods

A control group of 71 uninfected individuals was also included in the study. According to the Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (10th edition), a cohort of 358 COVID-19 patients were categorized into non-severe and severe cases. Serum ACE2/AXL levels in COVID-19 patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points post-COVID-19 infection, including days 0-7, 8-15, 31-179 and >180 days. Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies in COVID-19 patients at the same intervals were assessed by using an iFlash 3000 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of the biological markers, and the association between laboratory parameters and illness progression were explored.

Results

Compared with the uninfected group, the levels of ACE2 and AXL in the COVID-19 group were decreased, and the SARS-COV-2 IgG level was increased. AXL (AUC = 0.774) demonstrated a stronger predictive ability for COVID-19 than ACE2. In the first week after infection, only the level of AXL was statistically different between severe group and non-severe group. After first week, the levels of ACE2 and AXL were different in two groups. Moreover, in severe COVID-19 cases, the serum ACE2, AXL, and SARS-COV-2 IgM levels reached a peak during days 8–15 before declining, whereas serum SARS-COV-2 IgG levels continued to rise, reaching a peak at day 31-180 days before decreasing. In addition, the AXL level continued to decrease and the SARS-COV-2 IgG level continued to increase in the infected group after 180 days compared to the uninfected group.

Conclusions

The levels of serum ACE2 and AXL correlate with COVID-19 severity. However, AXL can also provide early warning of clinical deterioration in the first week after infection. AXL appears to be a superior potential molecular marker for predicting COVID-19 progression.
Immunoinformatics assisted profiling of West Nile virus proteome to determine immunodominant epitopes for the development of next-generation multi-peptide vaccine
Authors: Karkashan Alaa
Published: May 2024

Emerging infectious diseases represent a significant threat to global health, with West Nile virus (WNV) being a prominent example due to its potential to cause severe neurological disorders alongside mild feverish conditions. Particularly prevalent in the continental United States, WNV has emerged as a global concern, with outbreaks indicating the urgent need for effective prophylactic measures. The current problem is that the absence of a commercial vaccine against WNV highlights a critical gap in preventive strategies against WNV. This study aims to address this gap by proposing a novel, multivalent vaccine designed using immunoinformatics approaches to elicit comprehensive humoral and cellular immune responses against WNV. The objective of the study is to provide a theoretical framework for experimental scientists to formulate of vaccine against WNV and tackle the current problem by generating an immune response inside the host. The research employs reverse vaccinology and subtractive proteomics methodologies to identify NP_041724.2 polyprotein and YP_009164950.1 truncated flavivirus polyprotein NS1 as the prime antigens. The selection process for epitopes focused on B and T-cell reactivity, antigenicity, water solubility, and non-allergenic properties, prioritizing candidates with the potential for broad immunogenicity and safety. The designed vaccine construct integrates these epitopes, connected via GPGPG linkers, and supplemented with an adjuvant with the help of another linker EAAAK, to enhance immunogenicity. Preliminary computational analyses suggest that the proposed vaccine could achieve near-universal coverage, effectively targeting approximately 99.74% of the global population, with perfect coverage in specific regions such as Sweden and Finland. Molecular docking and immune simulation studies further validate the potential efficacy of the vaccine, indicating strong binding affinity with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and promising immune response profiles, including significant antibody-mediated and cellular responses. These findings present the vaccine construct as a viable candidate for further development and testing. While the theoretical and computational results are promising, advancing from in-silico predictions to a tangible vaccine requires comprehensive laboratory validation. This next step is essential to confirm the vaccine’s efficacy and safety in eliciting an immune response against WNV. Through this study, we propose a novel approach to vaccine development against WNV and contribute to the broader field of immunoinformatics, showcasing the potential to accelerate the design of effective vaccines against emerging viral threats. The journey from hypothesis to practical solution embodies the interdisciplinary collaboration essential for modern infectious disease management and prevention strategies.
Beyond oncology: Selinexor’s journey into anti-inflammatory treatment and long-term management
Authors: Li Dan , Fang Hong , Zhang Rong , Xie Qian , Yang Yang , Chen Lin
Published: May 2024

Selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), is gaining recognition beyond oncology for its potential in anti-inflammatory therapy. This review elucidates Selinexor’s dual action, highlighting its anti-tumor efficacy in various cancers including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, and its promising anti-inflammatory effects. In cancer treatment, Selinexor has demonstrated benefits as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutics, particularly in drug-resistant cases. Its role in enhancing the effectiveness of bone marrow transplants has also been noted. Importantly, the drug’s impact on key inflammatory pathways provides a new avenue for the management of conditions like sepsis, viral infections including COVID-19, and chronic inflammatory diseases such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Parkinson’s Disease. The review emphasizes the criticality of managing Selinexor’s side effects through diligent dose optimization and patient monitoring. Given the complexities of its broader applications, extensive research is called upon to validate Selinexor’s long-term safety and effectiveness, with a keen focus on its integration into clinical practice for a diverse spectrum of disorders.
Case report: Inflammatory sternoclavicular joint arthritis induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor with remarkable responsiveness to infliximab
Authors: Kachi Shion , Sumitomo Shuji , Oka Hideki , Hata Akito , Ohmura Koichiro
Published: May 2024

This report describes the case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with sternoclavicular joint arthritis after administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), durvalumab, for small cell lung carcinoma. The onset of arthritis transpired 18 months after the commencement of the ICI therapeutic regimen and demonstrated resilience to glucocorticoid treatment. After excluding infectious aetiologies and metastatic involvement, the patient was diagnosed with ICI-induced arthritis (ICI-IA). Considering the articular implications akin to the SAPHO syndrome, the patient was treated with infliximab, resulting in complete resolution. This finding implies that biological DMARDs can serve as effective interventions for ICI-induced sternoclavicular joint arthritis. Given the heterogeneous nature of its pathogenesis, the selection of therapeutic agents may require customization based on the distinct clinical presentation of each individual case.
Discovery of new eremophilanes from the marine-derived fungus Emericellopsis maritima BC17 by culture conditions changes: evaluation of cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Virués-Segovia Jorge R. , Pinedo Cristina , Zorrilla David , Sánchez-Márquez Jesús , Sánchez Pilar , Ramos María C. , de la Cruz Mercedes , Aleu Josefina , Durán-Patrón Rosa
Published: May 2024

In our previous studies, the marine-derived fungus Emericellopsis maritima BC17 was found to produce new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids on solid media. In order to explore its potential to produce more metabolites, E. maritima BC17 was subjected to a one strain-many compounds (OSMAC) analysis leading to the discovery of three new eremophilanes (1-3) and fourteen known derivatives (4-17) in the liquid media Czapek Dox and PDB. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data, as well as ECD data for the assignment of their absolute configurations. Antitumoral and antimicrobial activities of the isolated metabolites 1, 3, 11, and 15 were investigated. PR toxin 3-deacetyl (15) exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG2, MCF-7, A549, A2058 and Mia PaCa-2 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.5 to 14.7 µM. In addition, 15 exhibited selective activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 at the highest concentration tested of 128 µg/mL.
Intelligent control algorithm for dynamic positioning control system
Authors: Guan Hongqiang
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The dynamic positioning system resists the environmental forces such as wind, wave and current acting on the ship through the thruster, so that the ship can remain in the position required by the sea level as much as possible, and the operation is very convenient. But its current dynamic positioning ability can not meet people's needs.

Methods: A Kalman filter based on untracked optimization was designed for dynamic positioning control system. Then the intelligent control algorithm is designed for the dynamic positioning top-level controller and thrust optimal distribution controller, which occupy an important position in the system, namely the adaptive weight variation particle swarm optimization algorithm and thrust optimal distribution algorithm.

Results and Discussion: The average position error of three degrees of freedom after filter processing is 1.53 m. Compared with other mainstream controllers, the mean root error of controllers based on adaptive weight variation particle swarm optimization in environment A and B is 2.295 and 1.8 m, respectively. In environment C, the controller based on thrust optimization allocation algorithm can get the optimal solution when the full rotary thruster reaches the 7 s and the channel thruster reaches the 4 s. The thrust exclusion zone is crossed at 46 s in environment D. In the dynamic positioning capability curve of the system, the experimental hull can balance the different environmental loads at all angles. In summary, the intelligent control algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the positioning ability of the dynamic positioning control system and meet the needs of people for ship navigation today.
Malnutrition elevates delirium and ICU stay among critically ill older adult COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gholi Zahra , Rezaei Masoud , Vahdat Shariatpanahi Zahra , Momen Reza , Fallah Bagher Shaidaei Mehdi , Gholami Mostafa , Aghaee Simin , Eskandari Sabzi Hakimeh , Rajabi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

Background and aim

Malnutrition among intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with a higher risk of mortality and prolonged hospitalization. However, the influence of malnutrition on severe outcomes of ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. By evaluating the effect of malnutrition on the outcomes of COVID-19 in the ICU in older adult patients, this study will contribute to new knowledge of assessing the nutritional status and recovery of these patients.

Methods

In the current single center prospective study, 310 critically ill COVID-19 patients with an age range of ≥65 years were recruited. Data on demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, medications, and types of mechanical ventilation were collected in the first 24 h of ICU admission. Malnutrition was defined based on the two-step approach of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) scale at baseline. During the 45 days after the baseline, we collected data on delirium incidence, mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement, length of ICU and hospital admission, and re-hospitalization.

Results

In this study, the prevalence of malnutrition was 63.4% among critically ill COVID-19 patients. During the 45-day follow-up, 190 (61.3%) COVID-19 deaths were recorded among the baseline 310 patients. After controlling for potential confounders, malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of delirium so malnourished COVID-19 patients had a significantly 35% higher risk of delirium than those without malnutrition (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.83). Such a significant association was not for COVID-19 mortality and IMV requirement. In addition, malnutrition was associated with a significantly 84% greater odds of prolonged ICU admission (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.09–3.10). No significant association was seen between malnutrition and re-hospitalization and also prolonged hospital admission.

Conclusion

Malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of delirium and prolonged ICU admission among critically ill older adult COVID-19 patients. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition could be a key component in improving outcomes in these patients.
The predictive value of γ-glutamyl transferase to serum albumin ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Luo Xing-Yu , Chang Kai-Wun , Ye Nan , Gao Chen-Hao , Zhu Qing-Bo , Liu Jian-Peng , Zhou Xing , Zheng Shu-Sen , Yang Zhe
Published: May 2024

Background

Elevated preoperative γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels or reduced serum albumin levels have been established as negative prognostic factors for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and various other tumors. Nonetheless, the prognostic significance of the GGT to serum albumin ratio (GAR) in liver transplantation (LT) therapy for HCC is still not well-defined.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 141 HCC patients who underwent LT at Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital from June 2017 to November 2020. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal GAR cutoff value to predict outcomes following LT was assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors associated with both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results

A GAR value of 2.04 was identified as the optimal cutoff for predicting both OS and RFS, with a sensitivity of 63.2% and a specificity of 74.8%. Among these patients, 80 (56.7%) and 90 (63.8%) met the Milan and the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that microvascular invasion (MVI), maximum tumor size (>5 cm), total tumor size (>8 cm), liver cirrhosis, TNM stage (III), and GAR (≥2.04) were significantly associated with both postoperative OS and RFS in patients with HCC (all p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that GAR (≥2.04) was independently linked with RFS and OS.

Conclusion

Pre-transplant GAR ≥2.04 is an independent correlate of prognosis and survival outcomes after LT for HCC and can be used as a prognostic indicator for both mortality and tumor recurrence following LT.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing thoracic lesions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liao Huibin , Zhu Miaojuan , Li Ru , Wang DeXin , Xiao Dan , Chen Yifei , Cheng Zhenshun
Published: May 2024

Background

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive technique for biopsy of lung, peri-pulmonary tissue and lymph nodes under real-time ultrasound-guided biopsy. It is used in the diagnosis and/or staging of benign and malignant pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. Our study is based on a large sample size, in a diversified population which provides a representative real-world cohort for analysis.

Methods

Patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA procedure between September 2019 and August 2022 were included in this retrospective study. For cases diagnosed as benign and unclassified lesions by EBUS-TBNA, the final diagnosis was determined by further invasive surgery or a combination of therapy and clinical follow-up for at least 6 months.

Results

A total of 618 patients were included in the study, including 182 females (29.4%) and 436 males (70.6%). The mean age of all patients was 61.9 ± 10.5 years. These patients were successfully punctured by EBUS-TBNA to obtain pathological results. The pathological diagnosis results of EBUS-TBNA were compared with the final clinical diagnosis results as follows: 133 cases (21.5%) of benign lesions and 485 cases (78.5%) of malignant lesions were finally diagnosed. Among them, the pathological diagnosis was obtained by EBUS-TBNA in 546 patients (88.3%) (464 malignant lesions and 82 benign conditions), while EBUS-TBNA was unable to define diagnosis in 72 patients (11.6%). 20/72 non-diagnostic EBUS-TBNA were true negative. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were 91.3%, 100%, 100%, 27.8%, and 91.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 89.1–93.6%], respectively. In this study, only one case had active bleeding without serious complications during the EBUS-TBNA procedure.

Conclusion

Given its low invasiveness, high diagnostic accuracy, and safety, EBUS-TBNA is worth promoting in thoracic lesions.
New clues for the role of cerebellum in schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment
Authors: Faris Pawan , Pischedda Doris , Palesi Fulvia , D’Angelo Egidio
Published: May 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction. Although research has mainly focused on forebrain abnormalities, emerging results support the involvement of the cerebellum in SZ physiopathology, particularly in Cognitive Impairment Associated with SZ (CIAS). Besides its role in motor learning and control, the cerebellum is implicated in cognition and emotion. Recent research suggests that structural and functional changes in the cerebellum are linked to deficits in various cognitive domains including attention, working memory, and decision-making. Moreover, cerebellar dysfunction is related to altered cerebellar circuit activities and connectivity with brain regions associated with cognitive processing. This review delves into the role of the cerebellum in CIAS. We initially consider the major forebrain alterations in CIAS, addressing impairments in neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. We then focus on recent findings showing that several mechanisms are also altered in the cerebellum and that cerebellar communication with the forebrain is impaired. This evidence implicates the cerebellum as a key component of circuits underpinning CIAS physiopathology. Further studies addressing cerebellar involvement in SZ and CIAS are warranted and might open new perspectives toward understanding the physiopathology and effective treatment of these disorders.
Supplementation with soluble or insoluble rice-bran fibers increases short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the gut microbiota in vitro
Authors: Mahalak Karley K. , Liu LinShu , Bobokalonov Jamshed , Narrowe Adrienne B. , Firrman Jenni , Bittinger Kyle , Hu Weiming , Jones Steven M. , Moustafa Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Studies have shown that a diet high in fiber and prebiotics has a positive impact on human health due largely to the fermentation of these compounds by the gut microbiota. One underutilized source of fiber may be rice bran, a waste product of rice processing that is used most frequently as an additive to livestock feed but may be a good source of fibers and other phenolic compounds as a human diet supplement. Previous studies focused on specific compounds extracted from rice bran showed that soluble fibers extracted from rice bran can improve glucose response and reduce weight gain in mouse models. However, less is known about changes in the human gut microbiota in response to regular rice bran consumption.

Methods

In this study, we used a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecology (SHIME®) to cultivate the human gut microbiota of 3 different donors in conditions containing either soluble or insoluble fiber fractions from rice bran. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and targeted metabolomics via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, we explored how gut microbial communities developed provided different supplemental fiber sources.

Results

We found that insoluble and soluble fiber fractions increased short-chain fatty acid production, indicating that both fractions were fermented. However, there were differences in response between donors, for example the gut microbiota from donor 1 increased acetic acid production with both fiber types compared with control; whereas for donors 2 and 3, butanoic acid production increased with ISF and SF supplementation. Both soluble and insoluble rice bran fractions increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae taxa.

Discussion

Overall, analysis of the effect of soluble and insoluble rice bran fractions on the human in vitro gut microbiota and the metabolites produced revealed individually variant responses to these prebiotics.
Application of ultrasound elastography and radiomic for predicting central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Wu Liuxi , Zhou Yasu , Li Lu , Ma Wenting , Deng Hongyan , Ye Xinhua
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aims to combine ultrasound (US) elastography (USE) and radiomic to predict central cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods

A total of 204 patients with 204 thyroid nodules who were confirmed with PTMC and treated in our hospital were enrolled and randomly assigned to the training set (n = 142) and the validation set (n = 62). US features, USE (gender, shape, echogenic foci, thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) category, and elasticity score), and radiomic signature were employed to build three models. A nomogram was plotted for the combined model, and decision curve analysis was applied for clinical use.

Results

The combined model (USE and radiomic) showed optimal diagnostic performance in both training (AUC = 0.868) and validation sets (AUC = 0.857), outperforming other models.

Conclusion

The combined model based on USE and radiomic showed a superior performance in the prediction of CLNM of patients with PTMC, covering the shortage of low specificity of conventional US in detecting CLNM.
Cervical cancer prevention in Burkina Faso: a stakeholder’s collaboration for the development of awareness messaging
Authors: Ouedraogo Samiratou , Bamogo Assanatou , Tiendrebeogo Georges , Kaboré Simon , Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie , Maiga Mamoudou , Kagoné Samdapawindé Thérèse , Lompo Olga Mélanie , Meda Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Background

Cervical Cancer stands as the second leading cause of both incident female cancers and deaths in Burkina Faso. Unfortunately, the prevention, early detection, and care of cervical cancers are suboptimal at individual, institutional, and national levels. In October 2023, we organized a stakeholder’s workshop to develop cervical cancer awareness messaging for disease control in the country.

Methods

A one-text workshop was organized with stakeholders working toward improving health in general or women’s health and well-being. A participatory, learning, and adaptive approach was used to facilitate discussions and activities, ensuring the contribution of all participants. Contextual evidence-based and empirical elements about cervical cancer burden and preventive strategies were presented to the participants by key informants. These served as the foundation for a collaborative formulation of messaging content that aimed at raising awareness about cervical cancer.

Results

Sixty-two participants from 28 organizations attended the workshop. They work mainly at local and international non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, universities, university hospitals, research centers, and the Ministry of Health. During the first and second days of the workshop, the participants explored cervical cancer data, its preventive and treatment options available in Burkina Faso, communication strategies for behavioral change, and determinants of the use of prevention and health promotion services. During the following three days, 3 working groups were formed to define strategies, and key messages adapted to diverse tools and targeted audiences. All information was validated during plenary sessions before the end of the workshop and available to all participants and their organizations for cancer awareness activities.

Conclusion

Upon conclusion of the workshop, the participants provided insightful information for the development of cervical awareness messaging in Burkina Faso. They formed the first community of practice to serve as a dynamic platform for implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and continued learning activities.
The role of neck adipose tissue in lymph node metastasis of head and neck cancer
Authors: Pan Yiqi , Xu Ying , Fan Cui , Miao Xiangwan , Shen Yilin , Wang Quan , Wu Jichang , Hu Haixia , Wang Hao , Xiang Mingliang , Ye Bin
Published: May 2024

Previous studies indicated that adipose tissue significantly influences cancer invasion and lymphatic metastasis. However, the impact of neck adipose tissue (NAT) on lymph node metastasis associated with head and neck cancer remains ambiguous. Here, we systematically assess the classification and measurement criteria of NAT and evaluate the association of adipose tissue and cancer-associated adipocytes with head and neck cancer. We delve into the potential mechanisms by which NAT facilitate cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer, particularly through the secretion of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and Interleukin-6. Our aim is to elucidate the role of NAT in the progression and metastasis of head and neck cancer, offering new insights into prevention and treatment.
A nomogram based on conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound radiomics for the noninvasively prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Sun Chao , Gong Xuantong , Hou Lu , Yang Di , Li Qian , Li Lin , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether quantitative radiomics features extracted from conventional ultrasound (CUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of primary breast lesions can help noninvasively predict axillary lymph nodes metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer patients.

Method

A total of 111 breast cancer patients with 111 breast lesions were prospectively enrolled. All the included patients received presurgical CUS screening and CEUS examination and were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3 (n = 78 versus 33). Radiomics features were respectively extracted based on CUS and CEUS using the PyRadiomics package. The max-relevance and min-redundancy (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were used for feature selection and radiomics score calculation in the training set. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was performed to check the multicollinearity among selected predictors. The best performing model was selected to develop a nomogram using binary logistic regression analysis. The calibration and clinical utility of the nomogram were assessed.

Results

The model combining CUS reported ALN status, CUS radiomics score (CUS-radscore) and CEUS radiomics score (CEUS-radscore) exhibited the best performance. The areas under the curves (AUC) of our proposed nomogram in the training and external validation sets were 0.845 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.739-0.950] and 0.901 (95% CI, 0.758-1). The calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the nomogram’s robust consistency and clinical utility.

Conclusions

The established nomogram is a promising prediction tool for noninvasive prediction of ALN status. The radiomics features based on CUS and CEUS can help improve the predictive performance.
Case report: Rapidly progressive desmoid tumor after surgery for esophagogastric junction cancer and slowly progressive primary desmoid tumor: a report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Li Chuan-Ying , Gao Yan-Peng , Jia Ming-Hao , Zhou Yuan , Xu Jia-You
Published: May 2024

Background

Desmoid tumor (DT) is a rare locally aggressive but non-metastatic mesenchymal soft tissue neoplasm that predominantly occurs in the abdominal wall, abdominal cavity, and extremities. Its occurrence in the mesentery is relatively uncommon.

Case reports

This article reports two cases of desmoid tumor treated at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital. The first case was a 59-year-old male patient who had previously undergone surgery for esophagogastric junction cancer. Postoperatively, he developed an intra-abdominal mass that rapidly increased in size within three months. The second case was a 60-year-old male patient who incidentally discovered a mass in the left lower abdomen. Both patients underwent surgical treatment, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was mesenteric desmoid tumor.

Conclusion

The treatment of desmoid tumor remains challenging. Simple surgical resection often yields unsatisfactory outcomes, and the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is also limited. Further research and clinical practice are necessary to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, aiming to enhance patient survival and quality of life.
Lobetyolin protects mice against LPS-induced sepsis by downregulating the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophage
Authors: Chen Zhonghua , Su Yixin , Ding Jingtong , He Jia , Lai Lihua , Song Yinjing
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by dysregulation of the host immune response due to infection, resulting in life-threatening organ damage. Despite active promotion and implementation of early preventative measures and bundle treatments, sepsis continues to exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates with no optimal pharmacological intervention available. Lobetyolin (LBT), the crucial component of polyacetylenes found in Codonopsis pilosula, has been scientifically proven to possess potent antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, its therapeutic potential for sepsis remains unknown.

Methods: The mice received pretreatment with intraperitoneal injections of LBT, followed by injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce sepsis. Peripheral blood samples were collected to detect TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. The survival status of different groups was recorded at various time intervals. RNA-Seq was utilized for the analysis of gene expression in peritoneal macrophages treated with LBT or LPS.

Results: In this study, we observed a significant increase in the survival rate of mice pretreated with LBT in LPS induced sepsis mouse model. LBT demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the serum, along with mitigated lung and liver tissue damage characterized by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, through RNA-seq analysis coupled with GO and KEGG analysis, it was revealed that LBT effectively suppressed genes associated with bacterium presence, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, as well as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction involving Cxcl10, Tgtp1, Gbp5, Tnf, Il1b and IRF7 specifically within macrophages. We also confirmed that LBT significantly downregulates the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in macrophage activation induced by LPS.

Discussion: Therefore, our findings demonstrated that LBT effectively inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and mitigates sepsis induced by LPS through modulating macrophages' ability to generate these cytokines. These results suggest that LBT holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis treatment.
Differential socioemotional and educational profiles in early childhood and primary education students in a lockdown situation
Authors: Serrano-Díaz Noemí , Aragón Estíbaliz , Merida-Serrano Rosario
Published: May 2024

Recent lockdown situations have highlighted social relationship deprivation of schoolchildren and the need to develop the teaching-learning process in informal contexts. The aim of this study was to analyze differential socioemotional and educational profiles in Early Childhood and Primary Education students using variables relating to academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Correlational, descriptive, and inferential statistical analyses were performed that yielded differential explanatory models depending on the stage of education. The results reveal statistically significant differences in all the variables except for family-school relationship. In the linear regression models, the most statistically significant variable for school performance in both stages was family-school relationship. However, differences were found between both profiles: emotional impact for Early Childhood Education students and social impact for Primary Education students. Lastly, leisure activities at home were included as an explanatory variable only in the Primary Education regression model. The final conclusions highlight the need to attend to the evolutionary characteristics of students in each stage to improve school performance in similar lockdown situations.
Hype or hope? Ketamine for the treatment of depression: results from the application of deep learning to Twitter posts from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Lim Yu Liang , Ong Clarence , New Silas , Fam Johnson , Liew Tau Ming
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate societal perceptions of ketamine’s use in depression therapy by analysing Twitter posts from January 1, 2010 to April 1, 2023.

Methods

Using Twitter as the social media platform of choice, and employing search terms based on (depression OR depressed OR depressive) AND (ketamine OR esketamine OR Spravato), we collected English-language tweets from January 1, 2010, to April 1, 2023. Using unsupervised machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) techniques, including Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and BERTopic, the study identified prevalent topics surrounding public chatter around the use of ketamine in depression treatment. Manual thematic analyses further refined these topics into themes.

Results

Out of an initial dataset of 99,405 tweets, after removing duplicate tweets, re-tweets and tweets posted by organizations over Twitter, 18,899 unique tweets from presumably individual users were analysed. Analysis of temporal trends revealed a shift in public attitudes, particularly after the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s 2019 approval of ketamine for depression. Three major themes emerged: a changing regulatory landscape, cautious optimism, and personal experiences with the drug. There was an initial spike in discussions post-FDA approval in 2019. Thereafter, cautious optimism (Theme 2) decreased among the general public, with more personal accounts (Theme 3) highlighting the potential benefits for some treatment-resistant patients. Limitations of the study include Twitter’s inherent biases towards younger, English-speaking demographics.

Conclusion

In summary, the public’s multifaceted perception leans towards a hopeful stance on ketamine’s therapeutic potential for depression.
A narrative review: suicide and suicidal behaviour in older adults
Authors: Sadek Joseph , Diaz-Piedra Bryan , Saleh Leah , MacDonald Luke
Published: May 2024

Globally, suicide is a public health concern that claims the lives of many each year. The complex etiology and factors contributing to the risk of suicide make it hard to predict the likelihood of death by suicide. Suicide rates have been increasing over the past 25 years in patients aged 65 years and older, and with the expected increases in the size of the older adult population and the under-detection of suicide risk, these rates may continue to increase. To mitigate and attempt to limit this expected increase, it is important to understand the risk and protective factors of suicide in older adults. This narrative review focuses on individuals above the age of 65 and encompasses relevant peer-reviewed publications from the past 25 years to cover fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour. It summarizes several important risk factors for suicide and suicidal behaviors while considering how risk can be detected, assessed, prevented, and mitigated. Screening methods to detect suicide and depression in older adults were examined based on their effectiveness and suitability for use in this population. Lastly, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates in older adults were described.
Factors associated with the use of annual health checkups in Thailand: evidence from a national cross-sectional health and welfare survey
Authors: Paek Seung Chun , Zhang Ning Jackie
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Thailand has provided free annual health checkups (AHC) since universal health coverage began in 2002. However, evidence regarding the equitable use of AHC is scarce. Thus, this study explored factors associated with the use of AHC in Thailand.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the national 2015 Health and Welfare Survey. Respondents aged 15 years or above (n = 57,343) were selected as the study sample. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression were conducted to examine the association between the use of AHC and factors selected on the basis on Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Access to Medical Care.

Results

Among the study sample, approximately 4.9% (n = 2,815) had used AHC during the past year. Regarding predisposing factors, the use of AHC was positively related to age (e.g., over 61 vs. 15–30: AOR = 2.90 [95% CI = 2.40–3.52], p < 0.001) and female sex (AOR = 1.23 [95% CI = 1.12–1.35] p < 0.001). For enabling factors, the AHC use was positively associated with income (e.g., Q4 vs. Q1: AOR = 1.98 [95% CI = 1.75–2.25], p < 0.001), education (e.g., high vs. low: AOR = 3.11 [95% CI = 2.75–3.51], p < 0.001), being married (e.g., vs. single: AOR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.11–1.46], p < 0.001), and urban residency (AOR = 1.12 [95% CI = 1.04–1.22], p = 0.006). For need-for-care factors, the AHC use was positively related to chronic disease (AOR = 1.26 [95% CI = 1.15–1.38], p < 0.001), non-smoking (e.g., vs. daily: AOR = 1.18 [95% CI = 1.03–1.36], p = 0.015), non-drinking (e.g., vs. 3–4 times per week: AOR = 1.26 [95% CI = 1.04–1.53], p = 0.016), and vegetable consumption (e.g., over 5 ladles vs. below 1 ladle: AOR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.50–2.31], p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results indicate that health awareness could play a significant role in the use of AHC. Individuals with high socioeconomic status (e.g., high-income people) and those with low-risk health behaviors (e.g., non-smokers) generally have a high interest in health and well-being. This may have been the primary reason for the high use of AHC among these groups. Thus, the government should continue to promote the public’s health awareness through various public campaigns and education programs to increase the use of AHC.
For the good of the party, for the good of the nation: ingroup projection can motivate support for political violence
Authors: Waddell Maitland W. , Wright Stephen C. , Waldzus Sven , Stebner Grant A.
Published: May 2024

Support for political violence in the United States appears to be growing. We outline a model that positions ingroup projection—seeing ingroup values as the shared values of a larger inclusive societal group—as a key psychological process through which identification with political ingroups (Democrats/Republicans) and with national superordinate categories (Americans) influence support for political violence. We tested this model in two studies. Study 1 (N = 297) included original survey data collected during the 2016 US Presidential election, and analyses revealed that identification with Democrats or Republicans and identification with Americans both had positive indirect effects on support for political violence that were mediated by ingroup projection. Study 2 (N = 642) provided a preregistered replication of these results using original data collected during the 2022 US Midterm Senate elections. These results provide insight into the psychological processes that underlie support for political violence in the United States and elucidate a generalizable model for understanding destructive intergroup behaviors in a variety of real-world intergroup contexts.