bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric Study for the Stability Assessment of the Blowdown Propulsion System in Hydrogen Peroxide Blowdown Monopropellant Propulsion System
Authors: Choi Suk Min
Published: January 2025

This investigation focuses on selecting catalyst bed loading (CBL) and catalyst size as key design parameters for blowdown propulsion systems, which has a varying effect by propellant tank volumes, injector orifice diameters, and levels of catalyst activity. The catalytic decomposition process of a high-test peroxide (HTP) monopropellant thruster and the stability assessment of the propulsion system were studied using a reduced-order model of the decomposing process of the reactor. Two simplified models were employed to forecast the reactor’s decomposing process and evaluate system stability across various design iterations. The study demonstrated that combustion instability has a higher tendency to manifest during the intermediate phase of the blowdown procedure, notably when the propellant tank pressure ranges from 14 to 10 bar. The optimal system design was determined through this analysis, with CBL of 90 kg/s/m2 and a catalyst diameter of 1.6 mm. An augmentation in the volume of the propellant tank has been shown to improve the overall stability of the system. Conversely, an enlargement of the injector orifice area is likely to induce instability throughout the design space. Furthermore, the degradation of the catalyst—which is characterized by a slight decrease in the active reaction area—contributes to combustion instability, irrespective of the specific design parameters that have been employed.
Cloud-Based Clonogenics and Cell Migration Guide Nanoparticle Mediated Chemo-Radiotherapy Against Glioblastomas
Authors: Hubbard Anne , Hughes Jayce , Strom Sara , Osman Hafsa , Ratnapradipa Natasha , Bui Linh , Ibironke Bayode , Machida Kylie , Khan Arij , Brilz Kaylee , Amoah Isaac , Thiegs Caleb , Ekpenyong Andrew
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. The prognosis for patients diagnosed with GBM remains very poor with the median survival time of only 8 months if nothing is done, and 12 - 15 months if surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are carried out. This therapeutic outcome is abysmal; hence, many new therapeutic modalities are being investigated especially in combination with the standard of care. Nanoparticle-mediated chemo- and radiotherapy are among such new combination modalities. Here, we use a cloud-based, real time live cell imager and an electric cell impedance device to measure cell proliferation/migration in addition to clonogenic assays, following chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy, combined with nanoparticles, precisely graphene quantum dots (GQD). Clonogenic assays show statistically significant (p < 0.0001) increase in cell death with radiation, but no statistically significant changes in survival fraction when either GQD, TMZ, or both are added. Surprisingly, we found significant reduction (p < 0.0001) in proliferation/migration, with GQD and TMZ, suggesting new therapeutic targets that may reduce local invasion and reoccurrence. These results provide impetus for cloud-based assays using patient samples, to determine the best course of treatment for GBM, following surgical resection.
Machine Learning Discoveries of ATG3-X Synergy in etc-1922159 Treated Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: January 2025

Autophagy related 3 (ATG3) is one of the genes that plays a major role in autophagy. It has been found to be highly expressed in colon caner. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, ATG3 was found to be down regulated along with other genes. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of ATG3-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. Some of these combinations have been tested in wet lab, however, there are other that have yet to be explored or tested. These rankings reveal which ATG3-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. In this research work, I cover combinations of ATG3 with programmed cell death (PDCD), bromodomain containing (BRD), aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS), methyltransferase N6-adenosine-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit (METTL), eukaryotic translation initiation factor (EIF), forkhead box (FOX), growth arrest specific (GAS), RAB member RAS oncogene GTPases (RAB), FA complementation groups (RAD51), tripartite motif containing (TRIM) and TNF alpha in- duced protein (TNFAIP) family.
A Library of 77 Multibody Solar and Extrasolar Subsystems
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris , Laycock Silas , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: January 2025

We revisit 77 relaxed (extra)solar multibody (sub)systems containing 2-9 bodies orbiting about gravitationally dominant central bodies. Most of the multiplanet systems (68) have been observed outside of our solar system, and very few of them (5) exhibit classical Laplace resonances (LRs). The remaining 9 subsystems have been found in our solar system; they include 7 well-known satellite groups in addition to the four gaseous giant planets and the four terrestrial planets; and they exhibit only one classical Laplace resonant chain, the famous Galilean LR. The orbiting bodies (planets, or dwarfs, or satellites) appear to be locked in/near global mean-motion resonances (MMRs), as these are determined in reference to the orbital period of the most massive (most inert) body in each (sub)system. We present a library of these 77 multibody subsystems for future use and reference. The library listings of dynamical properties also include regular spacings of the orbital semimajor axes. Regularities in the spatial configurations of the bodies were determined from patterns that had existed in the mean tidal field that drove multibody migrations toward MMRs, well before the tidal field was erased by the process of `gravitational Landau damping' which concluded its work when all major bodies had finally settled in/near the global MMRs presently observed. Finally, detailed comparisons of results help us discern the longest commonly-occurring MMR chains, distinguish the most important groups of triple MMRs, and identify a new criterion for the absence of librations in triple MMRs.
The Anglophone Crisis: A Modern Manifestation of Systemic Challenges in Cameroon
Authors: Melo Nouridin
Published: January 2025

The Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, which escalated into widespread conflict in 2016, is emblematic of the country's enduring structural maladies, underpinned by historical, political, socio-economic, and cultural dynamics. At its core, the crisis is a product of historical injustices ; specifically the colonial legacy of divide-and-rule tactics and the subsequent marginalization of the Anglophone population in post-independence governance structures. The failure of successive governments to address the unique needs and grievances of the Anglophone regions has precipitated a deepening sense of alienation. Politically, the centralization of power and the imposition of a unilingual Francophone identity have exacerbated Anglophone demands for autonomy. Socio-economically, systemic inequities in resource distribution and development have fueled resentment, creating a sharp divide between the Anglophone and Francophone regions. Culturally, the marginalization of Anglophone identity and values has compounded the alienation felt by these communities. This essay critically engages with the literature on the conflict, drawing on a multi-disciplinary framework that integrates historical analysis, political theory, and socio-economic critique. It evaluates proposed solutions, examining their practical viability within Cameroon’s complex political context. Ultimately, the essay seeks to offer nuanced, actionable recommendations for conflict resolution, emphasizing the need for structural reforms, equitable governance, and genuine dialogue between all stakeholders.
Debt Capital and Dividend Policy as Complementary Indicators of Firm Valuation
Authors: Njoku Okechukwu Enyeribe , Lee Younghwan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between debt capital and dividend policy as complimentary indices of firm valuation in corporations listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index. Using Tobin's Q as a proxy for firm value and employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Two-Stage Least Squares (2-SLS), and GMM regression techniques, the analysis exposes how debt capital and dividend policies diminish firm value independently but have a synergistic effect upon interaction. Ownership structure, particularly Chaebol affiliation, lowers company value in isolation but moderates the detrimental effects of these financial practices. Further results emphasize the negative impact of firm size and the favorable impact of free cash flow on firm valuation. These findings contribute to the corporate finance literature by expanding our understanding of capital structure, dividend payout strategies, and ownership structure relationships. The study also provides actionable insight for corporate managers, investors, and policymakers. It underlines the significance of balanced fiscal practices and governance reforms customized for markets with concentrated ownership configurations.
Simulation of Volcanic Minerals Dissolution in CO2-Aqueous Solutions under High Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Zheng Sen , Wang Ruifei , Li Ruoyu , Shou Qianru , Zhao Jia , Ba Weiwei
Published: January 2025

In order to study the effect of high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 on the physical properties of deep volcanic rock reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin, a closed-system temperature and pressure co-controlled solution reaction simulation method was used to simulate formation temperatures (120°C, 130°C, 140°C) and formation pressures (20MPa, 40MPa, 60MPa) conditions, 12 groups of supercritical CO2-solution reaction experiments were carried out. The pore characteristics of the reservoir rock samples before and after the reaction were analyzed using QEMSCAN and scanning electron microscopy to determine the modification of reservoir properties and ionic changes in CO2-aqueous solutions due to the solution reaction after CO2 injection into deep volcanic reservoirs. The experimental results show that the solution reaction reaches equilibrium after 96 hours. Supercritical CO2 has different dissolution effects on rock samples at different temperatures and pressures, with a maximum dissolution rate of 0.2803g and a maximum increase in porosity of 5.18%. Supercritical CO2 dissolved in water forms an acidic environment that has a strong acid etching and remolding effect on rock samples, indicating that the high-temperature, high-pressure supercritical CO2-solution reaction is initially dominated by calcite dissolution, followed by dolomite and feldspar minerals dissolve slowly, and quartz minerals are not significantly altered. This experiment shows that selecting representative samples to carry out simulated solution reaction experiments under deep formation conditions is an effective and scientific reservoir modification method. In the current context of high cost, high risk, and high investment in deep oil and gas exploration, the results of the high temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2-solution reaction experiment have essential reference value for the next step of deep reservoir exploration and development.
Entropy in the Context of Gravitational Repulsion Opens New Avenues for Theoretical Exploration
Authors: Piyadasa Chithra Kirthi Gamini
Published: January 2025

The concept of entropy, originally established in thermodynamics, serves as a cornerstone for understanding numerous physical phenomena. Commonly linked to disorder and the arrow of time, entropy has been extensively studied within the contexts of energy transfer and statistical mechanics. This paper proposes a novel interpretation of entropy through the lens of gravitational repulsion, offering a fresh perspective on its role in fundamental physics. By incorporating gravitational interactions, we aim to expand the conceptual framework of entropy and uncover new insights into its underlying principles.
Innovative Solutions for Insomnia: A Comparative Review of Virtual Reality Devices for Insomnia Management
Authors: Jerath Ravinder , Soni Charvi , Beveridge Connor , Jenson Michael
Published: January 2025

The application of virtual reality (VR) has made its way into the healthcare field, however, its involvement in the management of insomnia has only recently started to be inves-tigated. With VR applications showing benefits in multiple areas of health management, including for anxiety, PTSD and depression, the management of insomnia via virtual reality may also be beneficial. The prevalence and incidence of insomnia is extremely high, affecting billions across the world. A silent disease that many do not even realize they have, insomnia carves a pathway leading to further clinical consequences including anxiety and depression. Current treatment regimens for insomnia have skyrocketed the use of medications such as Valium, barbiturates and even over-the-counter melatonin, however, the effects these external substitutes have on the quality of sleep one receives are detrimental. Non-detrimental and natural treatments may include the regulation of breathing and mental imagery. VR devices may be useful by providing an immersive visual experience integrated with breath work and specific imagery. In this article we review the current availability and applications of various virtual reality devices that may greatly aid in the natural management of insomnia around the world.
Research on the Parametric Design and Application of Ceramic Modeling Based on Python
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Xu Longyao , Dai Jing , Zeng Qiancheng , Zhong Yu , Liu Liyan , Wang Shuanghua
Published: January 2025

In response to the growing diverse needs of the ceramic industry, this paper creatively employs the ErgoLAB Human-Machine Environment Synchronization Platform to collect eye movement, gaze trajectory, dwell time, and various modalities of data including electroencephalographic and skin conductance data, thereby identifying the core parameters for parametric design. On this basis, a parametric design process for ceramic shapes based on Python programming language has been developed, covering key stages such as parameter selection, shape generation, and model visualization, and a model library containing multiple classic ceramic shapes has been rapidly constructed. By introducing physiological human-machine testing and ergonomics experiments, the intrinsic mechanisms of ceramic shape parametric design have been thoroughly investigated. To optimize the design, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to conduct qualitative analysis of the parametric models, generating a series of aesthceramic modelingetically pleasing new shapes. Combined with ceramic 3D printing technology, a complete closed loop from design to manufacturing has been achieved, verifying the manufacturability of the designs and demonstrating the significant potential of parametric design in advancing the ceramic manufacturing industry towards intelligence, personalization, and diversification. This study not only deepens the understanding of ceramic shape parametric design but also provides strong support for the diverse development of the ceramic industry, while offering valuable references for parametric design in other industrial design fields.
Intensification of the Dimethyl Sulfide Precursor Conversion Reaction: A Retrospective Analysis of Pilot-Scale Brewer’s Wort Boiling Experiments Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Meneguzzo Francesco , Albanese Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a low-boiling compound generated during barley germination and wort cooking from the conversion of its main precursor S-methylmethionine (SMM), a functional biomolecule, is detrimental to beer flavor. Vigorous and prolonged boiling, a time-consuming and energy-intensive process, is required to decrease the content of SMM and the released free gaseous DMS. The standard model assumed wort temperature and pH as the limiting factors of the SMM conversion reaction. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific effect of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) on the SMM conversion rate in pilot-scale experiments of brewer’s wort boiling. While the standard model was further validated, for the first time the SMM conversion rate was shown to be significantly affected by HC processes. The SMM half-life was reduced by up to 70% and sensitive to HC regimes. The intensification of the SMM conversion reaction could be attributed to the HC-based generation of hydroxyl radicals. Other wort processes unfolded in compliance with standard specifications, such as the removal of free gaseous DMS, the isomerization of hop alpha-acids, and the change in wort color. Evidence supports HC for a substantial reduction in process time and energy consumption in the brewer’s wort boiling step.
Fruit Quality and Contents of Some Bioactive Compounds of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars in Southern China
Authors: Xu Yue , Jing Yonglin , Guo Yanfei , Zhang Wangshu
Published: January 2025

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is popular with the public because of its bright color and unique taste. In order to determine the changes of fruit quality of sweet cherry in southern China, the fruit quality of sweet cherry in southern China was analyzed. The results showed that the red variety 'JNH' had the largest single fruit weight and diameter, and the highest content of C3R. The yellow variety 'CY' has higher L* value, b* value and Vitamin C content. It was determined in this experiment that the main anthocyanin content in sweet cherry fruits during the ripening period was C3R. LOC110744862, LOC110749842 and LOC110753376, which participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis, were finally screened. Anthocyanin plays an important role in the fruit appearance and nutritional quality. The results provided a theoretical basis for the differences among sweet cherry varieties in southern China.
Advancing Precision: A Comprehensive Review of MRI
Segmentation Datasets from BraTS Challenges (2012–2024)
Authors: Nanni Loris , Bonato Beatrice , Bertoldo Alessandra
Published: January 2025

The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenges have significantly contributed to advance research in brain tumor segmentation and related medical imaging tasks. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the BraTS datasets from 2012 to 2024, highlighting their evolution, challenges, and contributions to the field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based glioma segmentation. Over the years, the BraTS datasets have expanded in size, complexity, and scope, transitioning from initial datasets of 30 patient scans in 2012 to comprehensive, multi-institutional, and clinically diverse datasets, exceeding 4,500 cases in 2024. This review delves into the annotation protocols, imaging modalities, and segmentation labels employed across the datasets, along with key innovations introduced in recent challenges, such as integrating underrepresented populations, including post-treatment imaging, and focusing on algorithmic generalizability.
By synthesizing insights from over a decade of BraTS challenges, this review aims to provide researchers with a detailed understanding of the datasets’ progression, their role in shaping state-of-the-art segmentation methods and their potential application to precision medicine. Results highlight the increasing utility of BraTS datasets in fostering robust and transferable segmentation models, while also identifying limitations, such as the need for improved handling of missing data and broader validation scenarios. This review concludes by emphasizing the pivotal role of BraTS challenges in enabling clinically impactful research to further enhance their applicability in diverse healthcare settings.
Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference: A Diagnostic Predictor for Pre-Selecting Invasive Treatment in Congenital Heart Disease-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Zhang Songlin , Li Lingling , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Ting , Fan Fenling
Published: January 2025

Aim: Patients with congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) often require regular follow-up through invasive right heart catheterization (RHC) to assess disease progression and potential interventions. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between arteriovenous oxygen content difference (Ca−vO2) and RHC parameters to identify blood gas parameters that can aid in a clue about pre-selecting patients with CHD-PAH for follow-up RHC and potential surgical or percutaneous shunt closure. Methods: In this study, a total of 137 adult CHD-PAH patients were retrospectively enrolled between September 2019 and May 2024. The patients were divided into two groups based on their Qp/Qs ratio (<1.5 or ≥1.5). Key parameters such as Ca−vO2, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), TAPSE, and IVC diameter were correlated with RHC parameters such as mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and compared across groups with Qp/Qs <1.5 and ≥1.5. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation, Logistic regression analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the predictors for shunt severity. Results: The study enrolled 80 patients with CHD-related PAH in the final evaluation, with a mean age of 41 ± 15 years. Ca−vO2 exhibits a significant positive correlation with RHC parameters, notably with mPAP (r = 0.524, p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation with Qp/Qs (r = −0.463, p = 0.04). Moreover, Ca−vO2 emerged as a significant diagnostic predictor with an optimal cutoff value of <4.3mmol/L (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity 88.8%, specificity 53.4%). Other non-invasive parameters such as 6MWD, TAPSE, and IVC diameter with AUCs of 0.87, 0.83, and 0.85 respectively, also demonstrated a strong predictive value. Conclusion: Ca−vO2 correlates well with CHD-PAH severity and can serve as a pre-selecting marker for invasive follow-up in CHD-related PAH. Other non-invasive measures such as 6MWD, TAPSE, and IVC diameter show stronger predictive value for assessing shunt severity.
The Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A Promotes Cytokines’ Production in Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Cheng Junlei , Wang Weilin , Cheng Xuemei , Li Xuesong , Lun Luyi , Lian Xingye , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: January 2025

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the most abundant acute phase response proteins and has been extensively studied in vertebrates for its role in modulation of the inflammatory response and marker of disease diagnosis. By comparison, SAA is rarely identified in aquatic species and its physical functions are also not well studied. The present study identified the only one gene encoding SAA protein in oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgSAA was of 417 bp, encoding a putative polypeptide of 138 amino acid residues with predicted molecular weight of 15.66 kDa. CgSAA was composed of a signal peptide (residues 1-22) and a conserved SAA domain (residues 36-138). The mRNA expression of CgSAA in normal individuals was detectable but in low level, with the lowest expression level in tissue of labial palp and slightly higher expression level in haemocytes. The mRNA expression level of CgSAA was significantly up-regulated at 6 h (2.76-fold of that in control group, p < 0.01) post V. splendidus stimulation. It was also significantly induced under environmental stress of high temperature (34 ℃) or low permeability (15‰ salinity). The recombinant protein rCgSAA was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. After rCgSAA was injected into oysters or incubated with culture primary haemocytes, the mRNA expressions of cytokine CgIL17-1, CgIL17-5 and CgTNF were all significantly un-regulated. The results collectively suggested that CgSAA, as a conserved acute phase response protein in oyster, was quickly induced under environmental stress and promoted the expressions of cytokines, which provided fresh ideas for understanding the roles of SAA proteins in aquatic invertebrates.
Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India
Authors: Rajkhowa Swaraj , Sonowal Joyshikh , Pegu Seema Rani , Deb Rajib , Gupta Vivek Kumar
Published: January 2025

Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while Hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from Swine influenza virus (SIV), show the evolving zoonotic landscape. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like Rotavirus, Pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures.
The Impact of Tiktok’s Fast-Paced Content on Attention Span of Students
Authors: Opara Emmanuel , Adalikwu Theresa Mfon-Ette , Tolorunleke Caroline Aduke
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the impact of TikTok's fast-paced content delivery and infinite scrolling on students' attention spans. With the increasing popularity of social media platforms like TikTok, concerns have arisen regarding their effects on cognitive functions, particularly among students. Key findings from existing research indicate that TikTok's rapid pace and constant stimulation can lead to shortened attention spans, reducing students' ability to sustain focus during tasks requiring prolonged concentration. While excessive use of TikTok is linked to academic challenges such as decreased study time and impaired information retention, some studies suggest that TikTok can foster creativity and engagement in educational contexts when appropriately utilized. This paper considers the varying impact of TikTok on different demographic groups, with a particular emphasis on younger users. It discusses the need for further longitudinal and experimental research to explore the long-term effects of TikTok on attention, neuropsychological mechanisms, and potential interventions for mitigating negative outcomes. The scope of this paper includes an analysis of TikTok's influence on attention span, its implications for academic performance, and the broader educational context.
IgE Crosslinking-Induced Luciferase Expression Test as a Sensitive Indicator of Anisakis Allergy
Authors: Akiyama Haruyo , Niwa Masashi , Kurisaka Chisato , Hamada Yuto , Fukutomi Yuma , Teshima Reiko
Published: January 2025

Anisakis allergy has been increasing and the diagnosis of it is based on specific serum IgE detection. Recently, IgE crosslinking-induced luciferase expression (EXiLE) test has been proposed as convenient tool for detecting the functional specific IgE antibodies. Here, we investigated if EXiLE test is a useful tool in the diagnosis of Anisakis allergy. HuRa-40 cells were sensitized using six serum types from three patients with Anisakis allergy at the time of the initial test and after 6–12 months. Thereafter, various concentrations of Anisakis worm protein (AWP) were reacted to measure the degree of EXiLE. The degree of EXiLE was compared with the Anisakis-specific IgE antibody levels measured by the CAP-FEIA method, and the IgE antibody binding protein profile was examined using IgE immunoblotting. Results showed a good correlation between the CAP-FEIA values and EXiLE obtained with 5 μg/mL of AWP (R = 0.91, p < 0.01), a strong response on IgE immunoblot in the region containing proteins weighing ≥40,000 Da. In addition, after the onset of Anisakis allergy, the degree of serum EXiLE decreased in two patients whose Anisakis-specific IgE antibody levels decreased over time but increased in one patient whose specific IgE antibodies increased after repeated antigen sensitization. Based on these data, the AWP-induced EXiLE test seemed to be useful and convenient for the diagnosis of Anisakis allergy, supplementing specific IgE determinants. After allergy onset, the use of this method to observe changes in specific IgE levels over time may be important for predicting the risk of recurrence.
The Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and Genetically Determined Glioma Syndromes Associated with an Increased Risk of Disease
Authors: Inglot Jadwiga , Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Tylutki Jakub , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Aebisher David
Published: January 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method of preventing the progression of cancer. PDT method guarantees localized generation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which is toxic to the cells. Therefore, this treatment, also called light activated chemotherapy, is particularly useful for tumors whose location is difficult to access. Therefore, PDT may be an alternative method to surgical removal of the tumor by replacing the scalpel tool with three factors, i.e. light, photosensitizer and oxygen to generate singlet oxygen into the cell . Herein, primary brain tumors that probably originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells are discussed. In this review, we have included current information on the use of PDT in the treatment of gliomas in the context of genetics. We have mainly focused on the study with the use of PDT in patients with genetic syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of glioma. The review also uses information on genetic syndromes that are important for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with glioma. We discuss the association between brain tumors and a few genetic abnormalities. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanism of human cell response to PDT based on literature data. In treated samples, significant changes in gene expression were noted after PDT.
Optical Fringe Projection Driving 3D Metrology Uncomplicated
Authors: Juarez-Salazar Rigoberto , Esquivel-Hernandez Sofia , Diaz-Ramirez Victor H.
Published: January 2025

Optical fringe projection is an outstanding technology that significantly enhances three-dimensional (3D) metrology in numerous applications in science and engineering. Although the complexity of fringe projection systems may be overwhelming, current scientific advances bring improved models and methods that simplify the design and calibration of these systems, making 3D metrology uncomplicated. This paper provides an overview of the fundamentals of fringe projection profilometry, including imaging, stereo systems, phase demodulation, triangulation, and calibration. Some applications are described to highlight the usefulness and accuracy of modern optical fringe projection profilometers, impacting 3D metrology in different fields of science and engineering.
A Novel Digital Payment Architecture: A Unified Payment Interface and its Systematic Transformation of Financial Infrastructure
Authors: Smith Brain
Published: January 2025

This study examines India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI), analysing its architectural framework, implementation trajectory and socioeconomic impact since its 2016 inception. The research demonstrates UPI's unprecedented growth, processing 9.3 billion monthly transactions by 2023, whilst achieving substantial financial inclusion outcomes through its zero-cost consumer transaction model and integration with national digital infrastructure. The system's technical architecture, comprising redundant data centres and standardised APIs, has maintained 99.99% uptime whilst facilitating interoperability across diverse stakeholders. Empirical analysis reveals significant macroeconomic effects, including a 0.36% direct GDP contribution and 180 million previously unbanked individuals entering the formal financial system. Despite infrastructure limitations and cybersecurity challenges in rural regions, the system's open-protocol design and regulatory framework present a replicable model for digital payment implementation, particularly relevant for emerging economies pursuing financial inclusion objectives.
Another Disproof of the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Xiao Huan
Published: January 2025

In this note we give a second disproof of the Riemann hypothesis by Littlewood's oscillatory theorem and a result of Fujii.
Investigating the Ethical Implications of Big Data Analytics in Information Systems Management
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the ethical implications of big data analytics in information systems management. As big data technologies become increasingly integrated into various industries, understanding the ethical concerns they raise is crucial for responsible implementation. This research examines a range of ethical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic transparency, algorithmic bias, data ownership, environmental impact, societal consequences, and the role of trust in big data systems. The study draws on qualitative data from 43 participants who were selected based on their expertise and involvement in information systems management. The findings reveal that data privacy is one of the most pressing concerns, as individuals are often unaware of the extent to which their data is being collected, analyzed, and shared. Moreover, the opacity of algorithms and the lack of transparency in decision-making processes create significant ethical dilemmas related to fairness and accountability. Participants also highlighted the growing issues surrounding data ownership, as unclear boundaries between individuals, organizations, and third-party brokers complicate the ethical management of data. Furthermore, algorithmic bias, particularly in sectors like healthcare and criminal justice, exacerbates existing social inequalities. The environmental impact of big data systems was also identified as an overlooked yet crucial issue, urging organizations to adopt more sustainable practices. Trust in big data analytics emerged as a key factor influencing ethical decision-making, with participants stressing the need for ethical governance and regulatory frameworks to ensure transparency and fairness. This study underscores the importance of integrating ethical considerations into the design, implementation, and regulation of big data analytics systems.
Application of LightGBM in the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Yang Jie
Published: January 2025

This study employs LightGBM, a gradient boosting decision tree model, to predict stock returns and identify key pricing factors in the Chinese A-share market. The empirical analysis yields two main findings. First, LightGBM demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving a monthly out-of-sample R² of 2.13%, more than doubling the 0.95% of traditional OLS regression. This advantage translates into significant economic gains: a LightGBM-based long-short strategy generates a monthly return of 2.63% with a Sharpe ratio of 1.77, substantially outperforming both the OLS-based strategy and the market benchmark. Second, through feature importance analysis, this study finds that liquidity and volatility-related characteristics are the most influential predictors of stock returns in China, consistent with recent literature suggesting the predominant role of market microstructure factors in emerging markets. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning techniques in asset pricing and provide new insights into return prediction in the Chinese stock market.
Estimating Causal Effects from Unbalanced Clustered Data with Binary Outcomes
Authors: Kotanmi Gaetan Brezesky , Agbla Schadrac , Tovissode Chenangnon Frédéric , Jeffries David , Mohammed Nuredin
Published: January 2025

Background: Causal effect estimates are being used increasingly in medical research-based decision-making. When estimating causal effects from observational studies, methods that can provide sufficient adjustment for confounding are crucial. Clustering structure in observational data and related imbalances across groups (i.e., varying cluster sizes) can present further challenges in statistical analyses and may require appropriate methods or adjustments for accurate inference. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of methods for estimating causal effects for binary outcomes in the presence of unbalanced clustered data. Methods: We compared various propensity score-based causal inference approaches including propensity score matching and propensity score weighting methods including those appropriate for clustered data. Using simulation, we assessed the performance of the methods in estimating the average treatment effect on the exposed units under different effect sizes, Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) levels, outcome response surfaces, levels of imbalance, and confounding conditions. Results: In the relatively simple scenario of small effect sizes, under low ICC conditions with no imbalance, both cluster-unconscious (i.e., methods that ignore clustering) and cluster-aware approaches provided similar estimates, even under the presence of some unobserved cluster-level confounding. Otherwise, the bias and precision of estimators appeared to be dependent on levels of ICC, imbalance, and confounding conditions. Additionally, a non-parallel response surface increased bias in the assessed estimators. No single estimator performed better across scenarios, i.e., the accuracy and level of bias appeared to be situation dependent. Conclusion: Both cluster-unconscious and cluster-aware approaches provided similar estimates of the causal effects under relatively simplistic scenarios but procedures that allow for clustering structure would be necessary when the outcome ICC is high, the cluster sizes vary and we cannot rely on the assumption of no unobserved cluster-level confounding. Sample size and power calculation should also account for possible imbalance in cluster sizes, for example, by considering the coefficient of variation at the trial design stage in addition to ICC which is the standard in CRTs.
Intranasal Esketamine for Treating Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Treatment-Resistant Depression – a Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Tramontano Hannah , Fetter Jeffrey , ElSayed Mohamed Wagdy
Published: January 2025

Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects 1.35% of the population and is frequently comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is frequently treatment-resistant (TRD). Patients with comorbid illness have worse treatment outcomes and functional impairment. Esketamine could ameliorate symptoms of both illnesses.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of inpatients with BPD and MDD admitted to a state psychiatric hospital in a rural NH state who received intranasal esketamine.

Results: 10 patients were admitted and received esketamine. Seven patients reported an increase in positive mood states (p = 1), and seven patients denied suicidal ideations after starting treatment (p = 0.22). We also noticed a statistically non-significant increase in impulsive behavior following the start of esketamine treatment (p = 0.611). The duration of these behaviors was shorter compared to patients’ pre-esketamine behaviors (p = 0.612).

Conclusion: Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of esketamine in treating patients with BPD and comorbid TRD.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Pathogenesis, Prognostic Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Wiese Wojciech , Galita Grzegorz , Siwecka Natalia , Rozpędek-Kamińska Wioletta , Slupianek Artur , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: January 2025

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy that poses a sig-nificant therapeutic challenge due to its high recurrence rate and demanding treatment regimens. Increasing evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downstream activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AML. ER stress is triggered by the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the ER. This causes activation of the UPR to restore cellular homeostasis. However, the UPR can shift from promoting survival to inducing apoptosis under prolonged or excessive stress conditions. AML cells can manipulate the UPR pathway to evade apoptosis, promoting tumor progression and re-sistance against various therapeutic strategies. This review provides the current knowledge on ER stress in AML and its prognostic and therapeutic implications.
“The Exceptional Tyrant: Ivan the Terrible”
Authors: Halperin Charles J
Published: January 2025

Even historians who disagree on the nature of Muscovite political culture agree that Tsar Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV) (b. 1530, r. 1533–1584) was a tyrant, either as the personification of Muscovite authoritarianism or an exception to the Muscovite political culture of consensus. This article examines Ivan IV’s categorization as a tyrant within the context of which rulers are designated tyrants in world and Russian history; the changing meaning of the concept of “tyrant;” and the typologies of tyrants proposed by political scientists. Despite the often-subjective nature of applications of the term “tyrant,” historical studies and political science analyses offer valuable insights into the problem of Ivan IV as a tyrant. The ubiquity of tyrants impugns the credibility of arguing that Ivan IV was an exception as the only tyrant in Muscovite history. The variety of “tyrannical” behavior undermines the notion that to be a Russian tyrant a ruler had to imitate Ivan IV’s version of a tyrant, which drew upon his exceptionally charismatic and semiotic actions. The types of tyrant suggest that the supposed “continuity” of tyrants in Russian history may obscure more significant differences than similarities among Ivan IV’s successors. Rather than fixate on whether Ivan IV “was” or “was not” a tyrant, it is more productive to focus on Ivan IV’s behaviour as sometimes that of a tyrant, and sometimes not, and to explore the different perceptions of Ivan IV as a tyrant by different segments of Muscovite society, defined geographically or socially.
Royal Biography Between the Lines: Georgette Heyer’s Regency Romances and the Life of Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796-1817).
Authors: Betts Sarah
Published: January 2025

This article considers the topic of writing royal lives from an interdisciplinary perspective which embraces questions of popular history and particularly historical fiction. Georgette Heyer (1902-1974) was a highly successful novelist of the twentieth century whose large oeuvre of historical fiction remains popular and in print to this day. While her name has become synonymous with lightweight historical romantic fiction, particularly set in Regency England, Heyer was a committed researcher with frustrated ambitions to be recognised as a more serious historical writer but desire for financial security as well as the commercial instinct of her publishers pressured her to focus her energies on regular productions of her popular romantic novels. However, it will be argued here that an abandoned project to write a biography of Princess Charlotte of Wales found an outlet in an almost paratextual biography between mentions in several of Heyer’s Regency Romances and especially in references, direct and indirect in her 1961 novel A Civil Contract. It will be argued that this case study should encourage more analysis of historical fictions in royal studies, but particularly that it could provide an inspirational framework for creative practice for scholars in the field seeking to write royal lives as novels in a format with potential for high impact and commercial appeal.
The First Royal Media War: Edward VIII, the Abdication, and The Press. By Adrian Phillips. Barnsley: Pen & Sword History, 2023. ISBN 978 1 39906 541 2. £25 xii+216 pp.
Authors: Harris Carolyn
Published: January 2025

Review of Adrian Philips, The First Royal Media War: Edward VIII, the Abdication, and The Press (Barnsley: Pen & Sword History, 2023).
Aidan Norrie, Carolyn Harris, J.L. Laynesmith, Danna R. Messer, Elena Woodacre ed., Norman to Early Plantagenet Consorts Power, Influence, and Dynasty (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023)
Authors: Johnson Ashlee
Published: January 2025

Aidan Norrie, Carolyn Harris, J.L. Laynesmith, Danna R. Messer, Elena Woodacre ed., Norman to Early Plantagenet Consorts Power, Influence, and Dynasty (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023)
How Medieval Europe was Ruled. Edited by Christian Raffensperger. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2024. ISBN 978-1-032-10016-6. Xvi + 242pp. £35.99.
Authors: Egan SImon
Published: January 2025

How Medieval Europe was Ruled.  Edited by Christian Raffensperger. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2024. ISBN 978-1-032-10016-6. Xvi + 242pp. £35.99.
EDITORIAL: Reflections on the Tenth Anniversary of the Royal Studies Journal
Authors: Woodacre Dr Elena
Published: January 2025

This short editorial reflects on the history and development of the Royal Studies Journal over its first ten years and addresses areas where the journal aims to develop further in the future.
Optimization of Zakat Fundraising Realisation Based on the Measurement of the Zakat Literacy Index in Rural and Urban Communities
Authors: Fachri Adib , Etika Citra
Published: January 2025

This article compares zakat literacy between rural and urban communities in Lampung Province and explores strategies to optimize zakat fundraising based on the Zakat Literacy Index (ILZ) of each region. Using a mixed method approach with an explanatory design, 200 respondents were involved, with 100 from rural and 100 from urban areas. The independent t-test results show a difference in zakat literacy between the two groups, although the difference is not statistically significant. The ILZ in rural areas is 79.57 (medium category), while in urban areas it is 86.79 (high category), reflecting a relatively good understanding in both communities. To optimize zakat fundraising, urban areas can focus on strengthening technical management and adopting digital technology for payments, while rural areas require educational efforts and collaboration with religious leaders to enhance basic zakat knowledge.
SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF ADVERB OF MANNER FOUND IN THE NOVEL “HUNGRY FOR YOU”
Authors: Wirawan I Gede Nika , Juliarta I Made
Published: January 2025

This research paper entitles “The Syntax Analysis of Adverb of Manner Found in the Novel “Hungry for You”. This research study analyzes the form of adverb of manner and its positions of adverb of manner found in the clause and sentence structure. This research study used the theory that was proposed by Brown and Miller (1991) and it was supported by other theories in analyzing the form and the position in adverb of manner found in the sentence structure. The method that was used to get the data was qualitative method in library research. The data were taken from the novel entitled “Hungry for You” that was written by Lynsay Sands. The result of the research suggests that there were one form of adverb of manner found in the novel entitled “Hungry for You”. They were adverb of manner that could be filled in the sentence structure in the form of adverb of manner and prepositional phrase. Suffix –ly was added to the positive form of the adjective. The form of adverb of manner can be in the prepositional phrase which was characterized by a preposition as the head of adverbial.