bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized edema and heart failure caused from hypothyroidism and ferrous agent for hypochromic anemia
Authors: Bando Hiroshi , Kondo Naoki , Hatakeyama Shigeki , Morita Junji , Sakamoto Kazuki , Ogawa Tomoya , Iwatsuki Noboru
Published: May 2021

The patient was an 85-year-old female who has been treated for hypertension and atrial fibrillation (Af). She has visited outpatient clinic and has received regularly general blood tests for every six months. Hemoglobin (Hb) level was stable as 11.2-12.3 g/dL and MCV 88fL from 2017, but it decreased suddenly to 5.2 g/dL and 64 fL in Sept 2020. She did not feel any symptoms or signs. Further evaluations revealed that occult blood in stool and upper and endoscopic exams were negative. About 40 days after starting sodium ferrous citrate, she developed edema anasarca, bilateral pleural effusion and heart failure. Laboratory test showed hypothyroidism, and then the administration of thyroid hormone and diuretics brought her early improvement. As to this impressive case report, general clinical progress and some discussion of the relationship among anemia, edema anasarca, heart failure and hypothyroidism would be described.
Bilateral pulmonary hydathidic cyst with fatal outlet: a case report
Authors: Choque Junior Julio Zapata
Published: May 2021

Hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus Granulosus, its life cycle includes dogs, sheep and others; liver involvement is the most frequent (65%-75%), followed by the lung (10%-25%), in Peru the pulmonary location is 60%. Its signs and symptoms are produced by the mass effect, its superinfection or anaphylactic reactions secondary to its rupture. We present the case of a 24-year-old insulin-dependent patient with type I diabetes mellitus, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy with bilateral pulmonary hydatidosis. A cystectomy was performed without complications and a lobectomy that was complicated with admission to the ICU until the death of the patient. Diabetes mellitus causes a state of immunosuppression which caused the advanced state of the patient's parasitosis, as well as being related to multiple intra- and postoperative complications and even leading to the death of the patient.
Estimating nitrogen inputs, storage, and exports for a small watershed in the upper Mississippi river basin, USA
Authors: Magner Joe
Published: May 2021

Nitrogen contributions to the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone from agriculture watersheds are well documented. Beargrass creek watershed a 5,985hectare agriculturally dominated watershed in northern Indiana was instrumented to collect water quality data. A nitrogen budget was developed to account for net input and export of nitrogen from the watershed. Inputs consisted of fertilizer application, soil mineralization, and atmospheric deposition. Exports consisted of nitrogen removal in grain and stream exportation. Water quality testing at two gage stations, fourteen access tubes, and nine drainage tiles determined where excess nitrogen was stored. Nitrogen inputs was estimated at 1,004,213kg/year or 168 kg/ha/year in 2015. Total nitrogen exports accounted for 860,250kg/ha or 144kg/ha/year: with 30% of the applied nitrogen removed by Beargrass Creek through baseflow, tile flows, and storm event runoff.
Agricultural reuse: comparison between Brazilian and international quality standards
Authors: Handam Natasha Berendonk , Gonçalves da Silva Ana Beatriz Loureiro , Martins Adriana Sotero - , dos Santos José Augusto Albuquerque
Published: May 2021

Reused water is increasingly requested by farmers worldwide, but there is no legislation in Brazil that contains all the parameters for assessing its quality. This study aimed to compare the legal provisions in Brazil related to the quality parameters of reused water for agriculture (microbiological, physical and chemical) with those described in the main regulations of the United States, drawing a parallel with the Brazilian reality. The study is descriptive, based on queries and collections of regulations in electronic documentary data source on Google Scholar. The existing parameters described in the Brazilian regulations for agricultural reuse have been compared with the standards established in the international regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. The main results showed that there is a discrepancy between internationals and Brazilian legislations according to physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Therefore, the work suggests a creation of new Brazilian legislations about agricultural reuse whereas the control of hydraulic pollutants and water reuse is immature comparing to internationals levels.
Physicochemical, primary production and trophic state variation of an urban artificial water body located in the central zone of the tropical latitude of Mexico
Authors: Lanza Espino Guadalupe de la , Pulido Salvador Hernández , Ramirez Angel D Ceballos
Published: May 2021

Artificial water bodies at tropical latitudes have regular or extreme water contributions dependent of climate and interannual variations that result in differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the water; in addition to the climate. They receive peripheral runoff two, according to geomorphology; in the case of Mexican artificial water bodies as Cantera Oriente, they will also depend on the orography that entails changes in the volumes of water. All of this influence in conservative and non-conservative physiochemical components through dilute the water in the rainy season and concentrate it in the dry season. Therefore, this paper estimates the variations of: temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, with nutrients (total phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll “a” and primary production). In the Cantera Oriente all this parameters resulting in an oxic and anoxic condition, as well as a widely variable hypertrophy, depending on the month of year, in addition, anthropogenic sewage runoff must be added.
Influence of mobile phone to people and protective effect of quantum resonance technology
Authors: G Korotkov Konstantin
Published: May 2021

Goals and objectives of the study: The goal of this paper was to study the influence of mobile phone radiation to people and possible protective effect of the Quantum Resonance Technology mobile application. Study design: An open, randomized, placebo - controlled trials during two weeks. People was measured initially, randomly divided to two groups and measured after two weeks after listening to Quantum Resonance app, Yippi Wave 3.0 Yippi. Participants of the control group listened to classical music twice a day. Subjects: 40 apparently healthy adults, age 22 – 56 years, 13 men and 27 women, randomly divided into two groups of 20 people. Randomization was based on the random numbers principle. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Federal State Budget Institution “Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture”, Russia. All participants signed an informed consent form, where a written and oral explanation of the research protocol was provided. Interventions: Participants in control group for two weeks, twice a day was listening to classical music; participants in an experimental group for two weeks, twice a day was listening to Quantum Resonance Technology apps Yippi Wave 3.0 audio programs via their mobile phone. Outcome measures: Measurement of stress and energy coefficients with bio-well technology. Results: The results of this study show that people react differently to the radiation from the mobile phone: for some people, turning the phone on in ringing mode does not cause any reaction, while for others it increases the level of stress. After using Quantum Resonance Technology apps Yippi Wave 3.0 via the mobile phone for two weeks all participants of the experimental group did not respond to the radiation of the mobile phone, while for the participants of the control group reactions was the same. Conclusions: Quantum Resonance Technology apps Yippi Wave 3.0 applications have energized and protective effects on humans. This study should be considered a pilot study and the results are preliminary.
Antioxidant actions of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) on reactive species scavengers
Authors: de Melo Mariza Pires
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant action of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) by: i) Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) by ABTS•+, DPPH and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays; ii) scavenging of superoxide anion (O2•-), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and nitric oxide (NO), compared to ascorbic acid. Results showed TEAC values as 0.148±0.015, 0.215±0.076 and 0.282±0.023 gram of trolox equivalent per gram of dry extract weight, to respective ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP. Olive leaf extract was better antioxidant than ascorbic acid on O2•- scavenging, at concentrations over 50 µg/mL; similar effects on NO scavenging for both was seen and on HOCl inhibition, the extract showed lower antioxidant action than ascorbic acid at all concentrations. Olive leaf extract showed potentiality to be used as antioxidant in biological systems.
Out of pocket payment, affordability and availability of essential medicines in Africa: systematic review
Authors: Asmamaw Getahun , Tewuhibo Dinksew , Asffaw Nardos
Published: May 2021

Background: Availability and affordability of medicines are key determinants of universal health coverage, yet achieving them presents a major challenge especially in low-income countries. This study aims to overview the evidence on the accessibility of essential medicines in the African continent. Methods: A quantitative literature search published in English since 2014 was held from valid databases; such as, Scholar, Economic Literature, Global Health, PAIS International, and African Index Medicus. The search was erperformed from September 16 to 20, 2019. Two authors (G.A and D.T) screened the titles, reviewed the articles for inclusion, extracted the data, and conducted a quality assessment of the literature. The third author (N.A) commented on the review. We have used the universal definition of OOP, availability, and affordability. Results: Of 34, 06 articles initially identified, 19 were eligible for inclusion. These were cross-sectional and case-control household and health facility studies published in 2014 in Africa. They demonstrated that the availability of some essential medicine (antibiotics) >80% met WHO’s target. However, drugs for non-communicable diseases show unavailable that range within 20.1% to 60.8%. Households access health services mainly through OOP. An item patients’ expense more for, was fees for drugs (62.3%) (Congo) and was an expensive component of expenditure in private and public health facilities with a mean of 16.7USD and 25.5USD, respectively (Burkina-Faso). Drugs for non-communicable diseases were the most expensive than drugs for infectious diseases (median = 0.62 USD) (Ethiopia). The majority of core essential medicines in private and public outlets are unaffordable. There was a considerable variation in the affordability of basic treatment for infectious and non-communicable diseases. Interestingly, the potential source of inadequate availability of essential medicines and the presence of unaffordability was not investigated in Africa. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that even though, African countries show progress in coverage and affordability for some core essential medicines, it tills needs an effort to convey the WHO’s goal particularly for drugs of non-communicable disease. Future studies need to explore reasons for the persistent unavailability, unaffordability as well as high OOPs for medicines.
Erysipelas following a fracture: about a case
Authors: Marfi Abdelhafid El
Published: May 2021

Erysipelas on postoperative scar is a rare entity. In orthopedic traumatology, we have only the 3cases reported in the work of Dhrif occurred during prosthetic implantation. We present through this article, the case of postoperative erysipelas on an osteosynthesis scar of a fracture of the lower quarter of the leg in a 58-year-old woman
Extensive tinea corporis and tinea cruris et corporis due to trichophyton interdigitale
Authors: Singh Kalsi Avneet
Published: May 2021

Background: India is facing a gruesome epidemic-like scenario of chronic, extensive and recalcitrant dermatophytosis for the past 5-6 years. Dermatophytosis, also commonly known as tinea, used to be considered as trivial infection and was easy to treat. Unethical and irrational mixing of antibacterial and topical corticosteroid with antifungal agents has been instrumental for this extremely challenging situation. Applying such topical preparations for the treatment of dermatophytosis, without any oral antifungal agents can result in extensive lesions and also, fungal resistance. Objective: To find out the cause and dermatophyte species associated with the extensive lesions of tinea corporis. Patients and methods: A study was carried out in the tertiary care centre by the Department of Dermatology and Microbiology during the period starting from October 2016 to April 2017. A total of 158 patients were consented. Any patient with clinical findings of Tinea corporis and KOH and/or culture positive was enrolled in the study. A detailed history was taken. Samples were collected after cleaning the part with 70% alcohol and all KOH positive or negative samples were inoculated on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. The culture plates were incubated at 25°C and were observed for four weeks. Lacto Phenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) mounts were prepared to study the microscopic structures in detail. Other tests like urease and in vitro hair perforation tests were also set up to differentiate Trichophyton interdigitale from Trichophyton rubrum. Results: A total of 149(94.30%) were KOH and 158 (100%) were culture positive. We isolated only Trichophyton interdigitale from 158 patients. None of the patients was HIV positive, 6patients (4%) had diabetes. About 70% of the patients gave history of using various combinations of antifungal, antibiotic and topical steroid creams and nearly 10% used pure steroid creams. Rest did not know the name of the cream they applied. Limitations: Molecular characterization was not done to see genetic relatedness. Conclusion: Topical steroid lowers the local immunity and contribute to the extensive and atypical lesions. Dermatophytosis has acquired epidemic proportions in this region of western UP. Misuse of unregulated combinations of steroid is rampant in this region.
Securing cartilage grafts in closed rhinoplasty
Authors: Filson Simon A
Published: May 2021

Contour defects of the nose, in secondary cases or if encountered during primary rhinoplasty, are corrected by cartilage grafts in the majority of cases. Securing these grafts is tricky and time consuming, especially in closed rhinoplasty. There is still wide debate regarding the need for open or closed rhinoplasty which is very surgeon specific. Open rhinoplasty proponents use the difficulties in securing cartilage grafts as an example of one of the disadvantages to the closed approach. We describe a simple and quick suture method of securing cartilage grafts externally, to correct a range of defects in closed rhinoplasty, for which we have seen no disadvantage. This work was presented at The 39th Annual Meeting of The Israel Society of Plastic & Aesthetic. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Leishmaniasis: still a diagnostic challenge?
Authors: Villa Ricardo Tadeu
Published: May 2021

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) should be differentiated from traumatic ulcers, venous ulcers, tropical ulcer, lower limb ulcers due to sickle cell anemia, pyodermatitis, paracoccidioidomycosis, syphilis, cutaneous neoplasms, among others.1 Histopathology may be suggestive, but it is rarely specific enough to make the diagnosis without identification of the amastigote forms of the parasite.2 Among the non-specific alterations to the histopathological examination, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) presents as a challenge, especially in the differential diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Correlation of CT-scan findings of lung lesions and pathologic diagnosis
Authors: Hamed Jafari Seyed , Reza Sasani Mohammad , Javad Athari Mohammad , Dehdashtian Amin , Bagheri Fereshte
Published: May 2021

Background: we aimed to evaluate the features of lung nodules and masses in Ct scan that help to distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones. Method: The study was performed on 50 pulmonary lesions biopsied at the Shahid Faghih Hospital by an interventional radiologist. CT scan findings were evaluated by a radiologist and compared with pathologic outcomes. Data was entered into SPSS software and by Descriptive statistical methods of frequency and Roc curve analysis and Chi-squared test and T-test at the level of alpha 0.05 was analyzed. Results: The relationship between smoking and malignancy was determined in this study. There was no significance found in mean age and sex, lesion density and enhancement of benign and malignant nodules. Smooth border was mostly seen in benign lesions and lobulated and spiculated borders in malignant lesions. Popcorn calcification was in favor of benignity and calcification in periphery of lesion was in favor of malignancy. Cavity was mostly seen in benign lesions Conclusion: smoking and the spiculated or lobulated margins, calcification in the periphery of the lesion were associated with malignant lesions, and the smooth margin and popcorn calcification and cavity formation were mostly seen in benign lesions. Enhancement showed no significance.
The effect of long time wear on thermal comfort properties of various parts of denim trousers
Authors: Hes Lubos , Manákova Marie , Paraska Olga
Published: May 2021

In this paper, thermal comfort parameters of various parts of selected standard denim trousers subject to 2 years of daily wearing are experimentally investigated, both under dry and wet state. The study is based on the use of fast testing instruments, which require small testing samples and quick measurement. From the study, it is inferred that wearing of denim trouser really changes the properties, some of them negatively, but the affected areas are small.
Develop a fashion based sustainable business strategy to protect the latest threat of minimum wages in Bangladesh garments industry
Authors: Haque Nizam Md Eanamul , Raihan Md Rajib , Siddique Abu Bakr , Moniruzzaman Md
Published: May 2021

In the most recent year, Bangladesh's clothing industry is contributing 84 percent of yearly fare with a commitment of more than 32 billion to the absolute economy. To precede, this achievement the lowest pay permitted by law and specialist distress is the most recent danger. Bangladesh market is ahead against some remaining contenders like India, Vietnam, Pakistan, Srilanka because of the low work cost of our nation. Then again, the lowest pay permitted by law is an appealing approach apparatus for neediness decrease and social equity in the eye of the public authority. Yet, European and American purchasers are thorough to choose the all-out FOB on one computer piece of clothing for their business strategy. In the present circumstance, we need to support this serious market. In this study, the author builds up an applied exploration structure for getting away from the pursuer. As per the reasonable system, information has been gathered from various useful sources in Bangladesh. For gathering information, the creators have taken 05 composite processing plants of Bangladesh. This exploration shows various ways for feasible extravagant sort of trendy items to conquer this test. The outcomes can be actualized by the industrial facility of Bangladesh for the future turn of events.
Managing citrus orchards under climate change
Authors: Abobatta Waleed Fouad
Published: May 2021

Citrus occupies the third position in fruit crop production worldwide after grapes and apple, while, citrus ranking the first position in world trading. Citrus fruits one of the popular fruits globally for their taste and flavor, currently there is more interested in citrus fruit consumption particularly under the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher Vitamin C content. Citrus are growing in warm climates from tropical to arid conditions in a wide range of temperatures ranging from 10˚C to 35˚C, while, Mediterranean climate is considered the most proper climate for citrus growth and productivity. Citrus has three or four growth cycle depending on climate conditions and water availability, Generally, vegetative growth starts with warm weather up to 12.8˚C and growth increase continuously with increasing temperature up to 35˚C, while, growth decline with rising temperature more than 35˚C. Due to harsh climate conditions, there is a fluctuation in citrus production and annually drastic yield loss, because of rising temperature and water shortage, which causes weakening growth, flowering, and productivity of citrus.
Measurement of Natural Capital in academic journals
Authors: Panhoca Luiz , Furtado Lorena L
Published: May 2021

This article is based on the existing literature on the concept, categories, and natural variables of capital and aims to discuss natural capital, offering some points of view on the emerging rationality of specialized literature. In a preliminary stage, a systematic analysis and cumulative review were used to identify and select the variables to measure natural capital and, in this stage, 1856 articles were selected. The surveys were captured and the variables on the environmental resources used in the research were analyzed with the result of the reading concentrated on the variables. A content analysis was carried out to check the reading, consisted of (i) pre-analysis, (ii) analytical description and (iii) inferential interpretation, verification of the frequency of words per article. The concept of natural capital is necessary and acceptable, but it is not easy to understand it categorically or measure its value. It is an interdisciplinary issue and some schools of thinkers could be noticed. The messages about ecological characteristics are limited to the field of study mainly of qualitative water analysis. It was also possible to identify contents that conceptualize the Natural Capital based on sources of energy and agriculture. There is a search for indicators as ways to measure the environment that give rise the variables to Natural Capital to meet mainly the needs of the economy. The article highlights the probable performativity of the concept and, ultimately, how it can impact us and incorporates the discussion of Natural Capital in the accounting headings. This article is a cautionary note for those who use the concept of natural capital and offers considerations using examples in the literature. Based on the existing literature, the originality lies in the discussion that natural capital is not a neutral term and its framing is likely to have broader implications.
A review of Tumor Treating Fields and their future implication in treatment of platinum resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Svokos Alexis , Park Jino , Toms Steven A
Published: May 2021

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst gynecologic malignancies. Due to the lack of screening tests and early detection, most cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed in advanced stages. Treatment of patients includes multidisciplinary approaches that include surgical debulking and chemoradiation therapy. Recently, there have been emerging clinical trials that are investigating the use of Tumor treating fields (TTFields) in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are a novel, non-invasive cancer treatment modality targeted towards inhibition of solid tumor growth.1,2 The use of TTFields was initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. In this article, we will be providing an overview of TTFields, including its mechanism of action, burgeoning application in the management of solid tumors, and promising potential in the treatment of patients with platinum resistant ovarian cancer.
The World Supply Chain Disruption in the perspective of Covid-19 outbreak from China
Authors: Dey Debasri , Rahman MdShakibur
Published: May 2021

The new coronavirus, first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan last December, has infected more than30, 00,000 people in at least 206 countries and territories globally, according to the WHO, till date. The virus outbreak hasbecome one of the biggest threats to the global economy and
financial markets. Major institutions and bankshave cut their forecasts for the global economy, with the Organization for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment being one of the latest to do so. Meanwhile, fears of the coronavirus impact on the global economyhave rocked markets worldwide, with
stock prices and bond yields plunging. The supply chain management system is also affected by the same phenomenon Worldwide. Based on the aforesaid perspective the disruption of World Supply chain due to the outbreak of Covid-19 from China is discussed in this paper.
Positive Impact of COVID19 on Indian Ecosystem: A Brief Review
Authors: Majumdar Agnibha Das , Das Anannya
Published: May 2021

In the present days, COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) has a serious issue and has created many challenges not only in the medical research but also in human life style. This virus has spread out within India also after originated from China and the rate of transmission inrease day by day. India has seen over 8 lakh cases of infections and over 20,000 cases of death till first week of July, 2020. Government of India has announced absolute lockdown to reduce the transmission rate. The present review study indicates a comparative study on the natural activity regarding the air and the water pollution before and after this lockdown. The study has presented the literature about the variation of concentration of pollutant in the air and water. The studies have been conducted and explained the scenario of the Indian ecology.
Copro-PCR in the detection and confirmation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in feces of stray and domiciled cats
Authors: Igreja Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima da , Rezende Hanstter Hallison Alves , Melo Jade de Oliveira , Garcia João Luís , Martins Felippe Danyel Cardoso , Castro Ana Maria de
Published: May 2021

Abstract Molecular methods such as Copro-PCR stand out in the diagnosis of T. gondii, because they are highly sensitive and specific, and can distinguish T. gondii from other morphologically similar coccids. The purpose was the detection of Toxoplasma gondii copro-prevalence by polymerase chain reaction in 149 fecal samples from stray and domiciled cats, using three distinct markers (B5-B6, 18S and 529bp RE). Oocysts of T. gondii/H. hammondi were detected in 15.4% by parasitology fecal tests (PFT), and 4% of these oocysts were positively identified as T. gondii by Copro-PCR. The presence of T. gondii genetic material was detected in 16.1%, but 12% of the samples that tested positive by Copro-PCR were negative in PFT. Samples with discordant results were subjected to a new Copro-PCR with 18S marker and a 529, and of the 17 samples, 9 contained T. gondii genetic material. A comparison of the PFT and the molecular methods showed the latter was more sensitive, since it detected 22.1% while the PFT detected 15.4%. Demonstrating the high sensitivity and specificity of the Copro-PCR, particularly with the association of primers (k=0.809), but also confirms the importance of using molecular techniques in laboratories, since Copro-PCR was able to detect samples considered negative by PFT.
First records, phenology, habitat, and host-plant associations of Macrotera opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Montana
Authors: Delphia Casey , Griswold Terry
Published: May 2021

Abstract.  Macrotera (Cockerellula) opuntiae (Cockerell) is a minute bee oligolectic on cacti and one of the few stone-nesting bee species. We document the first records of M. opuntiae in Montana, USA, a considerable range expansion from where this species was previously known in Colorado. We briefly describe the habitat and host-plant (cacti) associations, and the activity period of M. opuntiae adults in Montana. A new state record for Nebraska and new records for western Colorado are also reported.
Hatay ili şimşir alanlarında yeni bir zararlı, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: AK Kibar , SARI Ömer , ALTAŞ Kaan , YAŞAR Halil
Published: May 2021

Türkiye'de yaklaşık bin hektarlık bir yayılış alanına sahip olan Buxus sempervirens (şimşir), Hatay ilinin önemli bitki türlerinden biridir. Hatay ilinde önemli bir doğal şimşir alanı da Dörtyol ilçesidir. Son yıllarda bölgede şimşirlerde görülen kurumanın kaynağı araştırılmış ve Cydalima perspectalis olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha önce bu bölgede yayılışı tespit edilmemiş olan bu tür Kozlu Dere mevkiinde bu çalışmayla literatüre girmiştir. Çalışma yapılan alanda zarar görmüş bitki örnekleri alınarak laboratuvara getirilmiş, kültür kutularında kültüre alınan zararlı ile bulaşık bitki artıklarından erginler elde edilmiş ve teşhisi yapılmıştır. Zararlının larva erginlerinin morfolojik ölçüm ve karakteristik özellikleri verilmiştir. C. perspectalis’in larvalarının bölgedeki şimşirlerin yapraklarıyla beslendikleri, sürgünlerin kabuklarını kemirerek kambiyum tabakasına zarar verdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Şimşir alanları için önemli bir zararlıya karşı yapılan bu çalışma C. perspectalis’in Hatay ilindeki şimşir alanlarında zararlı olduğunu bildiren ilk çalışmadır. Ayrıca çalışma ile zararlının bu bölgedeki önemi ortaya konulmuş ve mücadelesine yönelik öneriler verilmiştir.
TRAP-SEQ_Sympathetic chain ganglia_Protocol v1
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: May 2021

Protocol describes steps to perform TRAP-SEQ with individually dissected sympathetic chain ganglia.
Comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial functions and inflammatory state of synovial membrane samples from patients suffering from arthritis v1
Authors: Jávor Péter , Mácsai Attila , Butt [Department of Traumatology Edina , Baráth Bálint , Kurszán Jász Dávid , Horváth Tamara , Baráth Bence , Csonka Ákos , Török László , Varga Endre , Hartmann Petra
Published: May 2021

Purpose: There is growing evidence for the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, quantitative comparison of mitochondrial derangements in these main arthritis forms in clinical settings is missing. Therefore, our aim was to characterize altered mitochondrial functions in synovial membranes of OA and RA patients. Methods: Synovial tissue samples were taken intraoperatively and subjected to high-resolution respirometry (Oxygraph-2k, Oroboros Instruments, Austria) to analyze mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) capacity and the relative contribution of respiratory complexes I and II were determined, together with the coupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (coupling control ratio, CCR). The release of cytochrome C (shuttles electrons between complexes III and IV) was also determined, in parallel with biochemical and histopathological evaluation of the samples. Evaluation: With our protocol, we provided quantitative clinical data making RA and OA comparable with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction. Further studies are needed to elaborate future RA and OA therapies with mitochondrial targets.
Clinical features and outcome of Covid-19 in individuals without Comorbidities. Do children have the advantage?
Authors:   Senior specialist, Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India, Kumar Dr. Abhishek , Kumari Dr. Nilu ,   Specialist, Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India, Singh Dr. Ranjeet Kumar ,   Senior specialist and Head, Dept of Medicine, Central Hospital, Ramgarh, Jharkhand India, Kumar Dr. Alok ,   Senior specialist, Dept. of Pathology, Central Hospital Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India, Singh Dr. V K ,   CMO Incharge, Central Hospital Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India
Published: May 2021

Objective: Information regarding clinical characteristics and the natural course of COVID-19amongst individuals without comorbidities is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospectiveobservational study to decipher the disease profile in two different age groups, middle-aged (40-59years) and children (up to 12 years). Method: Study was conducted by reviewing the medicalrecords of all patients in the desired age groups and excluding all those with preexisting illness(called comorbidities). Result: A total of 154 and 27 patients were enrolled and studied in themiddle-aged adults and children group respectively. Males dominated in both groups with a sex ratioof 2.9 in adults and 1.7 in children. Most of the children (92.5%) had a history of exposure from aninfected family member, while in the adult group history of contact was present in 71.4% ofpatients.62.9% of children had an asymptomatic infection which was significantly higher than 22.8%in adults. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms in both age groups, but adults weremore likely to have respiratory complaints when compared with children.11 (7.1%) patients in theadult group had severe disease while in the children group none had severe disease. Similarly in theadult group 11 patients required ICU admission, but none in the children group. The mean durationof RTPCR positivity was similar in both groups. There was 1 (0.6%) expiry in the adult groupwhereas none in children. Conclusion: Healthy individuals in both middle-aged and children grouptend to have milder disease and both harbour the virus for the almost same duration but adults aremore symptomatic in comparison to children and hence children are more likely to be potentialasymptomatic carrier and transmitter of infection.
A study of the relation between the periods of elastic waves and the distance traveled by them, based upon the seismographic records of the California earthquake, January 31, 1922
Authors: Macelwane James B.
Published: May 2021

§7. Summary of Results
The Sustainable Development Indicators of the Environment for Cultural Landscapes in Chung Hsing New Village, Taiwan
Authors:   the Department of Architecture, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan, Feng Shih-Jen , Lin I-Hui
Published: May 2021

Chung Hsing New Village was built up to ease administrative issues and air defense relocate scheme by the government in 1956. It covers up to 252 hectares by national land and aims to in charge of the essential works of counties, cities and towns of the province. Furthermore, it was the pioneer of urban planning concerned with the development, design of land use and the built environment in Taiwan. Chung Hsing New Village took the case study from Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, included connecting the suburbanization development with compact layouts, low-density development with good public spaces and emphasis on neighborhood unit in the thoughts, to create a functional working environment and public facility as a model of town planning in Taiwan. However, due to the downsizing of the Taiwan provincial government in 1998, most administrative workers were laid off, and yet, the Jiji earthquake damaged lots of buildings in 1999. Despite this, the remarkable value of culture and advanced concept of town planning made Chung Hsing New Village had been listed as cultural landscapes preservation since 12th April 2011, but compare to the other countries’ regulation of cultural landscapes and sustainable environmental preservation framework, the authorities failed to act and lack of big picture caused severe problems like abandoned and ruined, etc. To sum up, this research aims to explore the core value of Chung Hsing New Village environmentally sustainable, follow up with literature review, field investigate and in-depth interview with experts to construct Chung Hsing New Village cultural landscapes. The sustainable development indicators and the weight analysis of analytic hierarchy Process (AHP). Comparing the two results, it demonstrates the value of sustainable development indicators and contributes to the following cohort study of Chung Hsing New Village.
Pattern of illnesses presenting as acute abdomen: surgical study in 118 patients
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Ray Mriganko S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute abdomen is an important clinical entity and represents a symptom complex; of which, pain in the abdomen is a predominant feature. It is the result of some underlying condition and is a very common reason for patients reporting to emergency department. Pattern of illnesses presenting as ‘acute abdomen’ can vary from mild to life threatening in severity and management can similarly vary from just symptomatic relief to emergency operative intervention. It poses a significant challenge for the clinician since he is required to untangle the issue in a limited time frame and formulate a management plan. The aim of the study was finding the pattern of underlying conditions which had resulted in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on 118 patients who reported with ‘acute abdomen’, from August 2015 to February 2017.Results: In this study, pattern of illnesses reflected that benign biliary disease was the commonest condition in the study population. This was followed by urolithiasis. An important observation was that ‘non-specific abdominal pain’ (NSAP) was the reason for acute abdomen in about 14% patients. Many other conditions like acute appendicitis, hollow viscus perforation, intestinal obstruction and pancreatitis presented with similar symptom complex in which abdominal pain was the main feature.Conclusions: At the end of the study, we had a better knowledge of the conditions presenting as acute abdomen in the source population and the same can be utilized for further research in the field of this important clinical entity.
Identifying risk factors for surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries and establishing common pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Sridhar Punyapu , Karthik Thota , Abhilash Gundala , Sravanthi Kanumuri , Satyanarayana G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure are generally referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are one of the most important causes of health care associated infections. Aims of the study was to study surgical site infections following abdominal surgeries.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted on patients operated on elective and emergency basis admitted to the hospital, the study was conducted for one year in 813 cases influence of various risk factors in developing surgical site infections and the outcome were studied.Results: A total of 813 patients were studied, out of which 587 were Elective cases and 226 were Emergency cases. Out of 587 elective cases 34 cases developed SSI. Among 226 emergency cases 40 cases developed SSI. The overall wound infection rate was 9.10%. Study shows higher rate of infection in dirty wounds (75%) when compared to contaminated (7.58%), clean contaminated (8.71%) and clean wounds (5.48%) respectively. prolonged operation duration more than 3 hours, out of 195 cases 32 developed SSI. Among 74 cases of wound infection, gram negative bacilli were very often responsible for postoperative wound infection than gram positive organisms. the mean postoperative stay of patients who developed SSI increased by 3.54 days when compared to the rest of the cases.Conclusions: Staphylococcus species were most frequently isolated, next in order are E. Coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus then comes Pseudomonas. Surgical site infections were associated with increased hospital stay and thereby increasing health care expenditure and morbidity.
Effect of topical phenytoin with normal saline dressing in patients of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Srinivas Reddy Manohar , Reddy Jagadish Madinur Chandrashekar
Published: May 2021

Background: The management of wound and wound dressing is an important aspect of chronic ulcer management. Choosing an appropriate dressing can be a complex process. Topical phenytoin helps in faster wound remodelling. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of topical phenytoin dressing with normal saline dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcer in terms of mean decrease in size of the ulcer.Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The patients were divided into two different groups (group 1 topical phenytoin and group 2 normal saline dressing). Wound measurement was taken on day one and end of every week for four weeks. Mean reduction in ulcer area at the end of four weeks was calculated.Results: There was no statistical difference in the baseline characteristics like age, sex and initial wound area of the ulcer between the two groups. The mean reduction in wound area was 1856.9±724.9 mm2 in patients treated with topical phenytoin dressings and 1066.8±565.3 mm2 in patients treated with normal saline dressings, which is statically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: The study concluded that the topical phenytoin dressing can be used for the healing of diabetic foot ulcer.
Updated modalities for management of obesity
Authors: Alsudairy Najlaa Mohammad , Alsadhan Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Alghaith Bader Khalid , Merdad Faris Jamal , Althawab Bahaa Ali , Al Bossier Abdulilah Solomon , Al-Aqeel Suliman Abdullah , Al-Harbi Awad Saeed , Alshammari Rasha Saleh , Albalawi Abdullah Khalail , Aldandan Sadiq Jawad
Published: May 2021

Obesity treatment has become vastly more challenging as our comprehension of weight control has grown. Its treatment needs a close collaboration between a dedicated multidisciplinary healthcare team and a motivated patient. The team can include dietitian, health educator, physical activity mentor, personal trainer, clinical psychologist, and physician will be among the team members. Successful obesity care should overcome both the medical and social burdens of the condition. New prevention methods have Aby health care professionals since it is a condition with significant health implications. Obesity management consists of many options surgically, pharmacologically, dietary and physical activity. The best management option for each patient is determined by a healthcare professional. Bariatric surgery results in a larger decrease in BMI in the short and long term, when compared to non-surgical interventions. However, doctors and patients should recommend bariatric surgery at a lower threshold where lifestyle and pharmacological treatments have failed. Updates in obesity management are regular, and healthcare workers should continuously be updated with these management modalities.
Acceptability of a second lockdown in Western India: anniversary of lockdown one
Authors: Bhartiya Shibal , Kumar Nishant
Published: May 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the inhabitants of the urban slums in Mumbai, Maharashtra, regarding re-imposition of a lockdown.Methods: This cross-sectional, voluntary, questionnaire-based study was conducted in an urban slum in October, 2020. Questions were designed to elicit responses about COVID-19 awareness, acceptability of lockdown, including travel restrictions, closure of schools, colleges, and places of worship. Median and range were calculated for continuous variables, while categorical variables were represented as frequency and percentages. P value<0.05 was statistically significant.Results: A total of 1342 adult respondents (710 females, 632 males), were included in this questionnaire-based analysis. Most respondents believed awareness about COVID-19 was adequate, the younger population more in agreement with statement. 77.4% of the respondents believed that authorities should restrict travel to and from COVID-19 hotspot areas, while 81% said colleges and schools should be closed. Interestingly, 80.5% of the respondents supported closure of temples and mosques, while 75.7% supported a citywide lockdown with cases rising, and 7.6% were against it. The significant positive associations for lockdown included younger age, higher education, higher and income. Retired people were least likely to agree with the restrictions of a lockdown.Conclusions: While majority of urban slum inhabitants in Mumbai agree with the need for a lockdown in case of increase in COVID-19 cases, it is important to continue culturally targeted risk communication, along with implementation of social justice-oriented policies.
Introduction: Bureaucratic Routes to Migration: Migrants' Lived Experience of Paperwork, Clerks, and Other Immigration Intermediaries
Authors: Karine Geoffrion , Cretton Viviane
Published: May 2021

For a number of migrant actors, bureaucratic processes related to immigration constitute the greater part of the route toward their aspired destination and significantly shape their experience of migration and forced immobility. This special issue takes a look at the meaningful ways in which migrant actors interact with immigration bureaucracies and at how administrative procedures, with their highly emotional potential, shape in turn the subjectivity, decisions and actions of migrant actors. All the articles here analyse immigration bureaucracy as a dynamic process mediated by a network of people and by material objects (for example, documents, forms). Whether work, marriage or refuge is the reason for migration, the period of waiting in administrative limbo — which can last years — is crucial to our understanding of the bureaucratic encounter as a social force. This issue, dedicated to migrants’ lived experience of paperwork, clerks and other immigration intermediaries, explores two aspects of migrant actors’ encounters with immigration bureaucracies that go beyond the specificities of each individual’s personal background and trajectory: the production of affects and bureaucratic agency; the former often being the driving force behind the latter.
Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions
Authors: Farhad Farnaz , Kazemi Sohrab , Bijani Ali , Pasdar Nilgoon
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of theobromine in comparison with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions (IECLs).
Materials and Methods: Ninety non-carious extracted premolars were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments. Caries-like lesions were induced in each segment using acidified gel.  Forty-five buccal segments were used for surface microhardness (SMH) test, and 45 buccal segments were used for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The lingual segments were used as the control group for EDS and SMH test. The baseline SMH was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and the baseline calcium content was analyzed by EDS. Each test group was divided into three subgroups for treatment with (1) artificial saliva, (2) 1.1 mol/L theobromine, and (3) 0.05% sodium fluoride. Remineralization and demineralization were done by daily pH cycling to simulate the oral environment. Samples in each group were immersed in treatment solutions for 1 min before and after the remineralizing cycle. After a 7-day cycle, the SMH test and EDS analysis were performed again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and paired sample t-test (P<0.05).
Results: All treatments effectively remineralized the IECLs (P<0.05), and theobromine caused the maximum increase in SMH, which was significantly higher than the value in sodium fluoride group (mean value of 36.56±4.95 versus 23.25±3.92; P=0.000). EDS showed the highest calcium deposition in theobromine group (3.82±1.83wt%).
Conclusion: Theobromine is an effective cariostatic agent, and can be considered as a safe alternative to fluoride in preventive dental care.