bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Toxicity Effects on Plants
Authors: Sperdouli Ilektra
Published: November 2022

Although heavy metals are naturally present in the soil, geologic and anthropogenic activities increase the concentration of these elements to amounts that are harmful to plants [...]
Assessment of Post-Dengue Rheumatic Symptoms Using the WOMAC and DAS-28 Questionnaires in a Honduran Population after a Four-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Zambrano Lysien I. , Fuentes-Barahona Itzel Carolina , Portillo-Pineda Ricardo , Aguilar-Ponce Melissa , Murillo-Padilla José Carlos , Suazo-Menocal Marlen , Antunez-Salgado Cesar , Medina-Bassilet Edissa , Muñoz-Lara Fausto , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Montenegro-Idrogo Juan J. , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Alphaviruses may cause arthritis, but there is a lack of studies assessing it in flaviviruses such as dengue. Through the 28 Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS-28), incorporating swollen joint counts, and through the Arthritis Index from Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), we assessed pain, stiffness, and dimensions of arthritic function in post-DENV patients. Methods: Prospective study of a cohort of participants who were diagnosed with dengue in centres in Honduras from December 2019 to February 2020, with a follow-up period of 4 months to evaluate post-dengue rheumatological disease through the WOMAC and DAS-28 questionnaires. Results: After a four-month follow-up phase with 281 participants, the final cohort comprised 58.8% women and 41.20% men. After the follow-up, 63.02% persisted with the clinical findings. According to WOMAC, joint involvement was higher in women with (58.76%) (p < 0.0001) these symptoms or functional limitations when performing daily activities were limited to pain when walking (34.81% vs. 5.51%), climbing or descending stairs (36.46% vs. 8.66%), and at night at bedtime (28.73% vs. 7.08%). With the DAS-28, we found at least one alteration with inflammation or pain in 14.91% of the participants, primarily women (p < 0.01). Discussion: Joint involvement was high during the dengue epidemic in 2019. We observed a significant proportion of women with inflammation and joint pain, showing that dengue may lead to the development of chronic rheumatological findings, although lower than in CHIKV, still affecting everyday life and, consequently, their quality of life. Additional long-term evaluation studies after dengue are required.
Dynamics and Patterning of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2 Subtype Receptors in JC Polyomavirus Entry
Authors: Mehmood Kashif , Wilczek Michael P. , DuShane Jeanne K. , Parent Matthew T. , Mayberry Colleen L. , Wallace Jaqulin N. , Levasseur Francois L. , Fong Tristan M. , Hess Samuel T. , Maginnis Melissa S.
Published: November 2022

The organization and dynamics of plasma membrane receptors are a critical link in virus-receptor interactions, which finetune signaling efficiency and determine cellular responses during infection. Characterizing the mechanisms responsible for the active rearrangement and clustering of receptors may aid in developing novel strategies for the therapeutic treatment of viruses. Virus-receptor interactions are poorly understood at the nanoscale, yet they present an attractive target for the design of drugs and for the illumination of viral infection and pathogenesis. This study utilizes super-resolution microscopy and related techniques, which surpass traditional microscopy resolution limitations, to provide both a spatial and temporal assessment of the interactions of human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) with 5-hydroxytrypamine 2 receptors (5-HT2Rs) subtypes during viral entry. JCPyV causes asymptomatic kidney infection in the majority of the population and can cause fatal brain disease, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), in immunocompromised individuals. Using Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy (FPALM), the colocalization of JCPyV with 5-HT2 receptor subtypes (5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C) during viral attachment and viral entry was analyzed. JCPyV was found to significantly enhance the clustering of 5-HT2 receptors during entry. Cluster analysis of infected cells reveals changes in 5-HT2 receptor cluster attributes, and radial distribution function (RDF) analyses suggest a significant increase in the aggregation of JCPyV particles colocalized with 5-HT2 receptor clusters in JCPyV-infected samples. These findings provide novel insights into receptor patterning during viral entry and highlight improved technologies for the future development of therapies for JCPyV infection as well as therapies for diseases involving 5-HT2 receptors.
Freshwater Mussels Show Elevated Viral Richness and Intensity during a Mortality Event
Authors: Richard Jordan C. , Leis Eric M. , Dunn Christopher D. , Harris Cleyo , Agbalog Rose E. , Campbell Lewis J. , Knowles Susan , Waller Diane L. , Putnam Joel G. , Goldberg Tony L.
Published: November 2022

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are among the world’s most imperiled taxa, but the relationship between freshwater mussel mortality events and infectious disease is largely unstudied. We surveyed viromes of a widespread and abundant species (mucket, Actinonaias ligamentina; syn: Ortmanniana ligamentina) experiencing a mortality event of unknown etiology in the Huron River, Michigan, in 2019–2020 and compared them to viromes from mucket in a healthy population in the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and a population from the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, where a mortality event was affecting the congeneric pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa; syn: Ortmanniana pectorosa) population. We identified 38 viruses, most of which were associated with mussels collected during the Huron River mortality event. Viral richness and cumulative viral read depths were significantly higher in moribund mussels from the Huron River than in healthy controls from each of the three populations. Our results demonstrate significant increases in the number and intensity of viral infections for freshwater mussels experiencing mortality events, whereas individuals from healthy populations have a substantially reduced virome comprising a limited number of species at low viral read depths.
Antibody Titer Correlates with Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Healthcare Workers
Authors: Mollura Maximiliano , Sarti Riccardo , Levi Riccardo , Pozzi Chiara , Azzolini Elena , Politi Letterio S. , Mantovani Alberto , Barbieri Riccardo , Rescigno Maria
Published: November 2022

The advent of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has drastically reduced the level of hospitalization with severe COVID-19 disease in infected individuals. However, the diffusion of variants of concern still challenge the protection conferred by vaccines raised against the wild-type form of the virus. Here, we have characterized the antibody response to the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) mRNA vaccine in patients infected with the Omicron variant. We analyzed a population of 4354 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) from 7 different hospitals in Italy and monitored infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. We correlated infection with the antibody response after vaccination. We found that a lower level of IgG, younger age, and the presence of allergies correlate with increased infection during the Omicron wave, and that infections correlate with wild-type spike protein antibody titers below 350 BAU/mL. These results support the necessity of a fourth booster dose, particularly for individuals with lower levels of antibodies.
Improving Public Health Policy by Comparing the Public Response during the Start of COVID-19 and Monkeypox on Twitter in Germany: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: AL-Ahdal Tareq , Coker David , Awad Hamzeh , Reda Abdullah , Żuratyński Przemysław , Khailaie Sahamoddin
Published: November 2022

Little is known about monkeypox public concerns since its widespread emergence in many countries. Tweets in Germany were examined in the first three months of COVID-19 and monkeypox to examine concerns and issues raised by the public. Understanding views and positions of the public could help to shape future public health campaigns. Few qualitative studies reviewed large datasets, and the results provide the first instance of the public thinking comparing COVID-19 and monkeypox. We retrieved 15,936 tweets from Germany using query words related to both epidemics in the first three months of each one. A sequential explanatory mixed methods research joined a machine learning approach with thematic analysis using a novel rapid tweet analysis protocol. In COVID-19 tweets, there was the selfing construct or feeling part of the emerging narrative of the spread and response. In contrast, during monkeypox, the public considered othering after the fatigue of the COVID-19 response, or an impersonal feeling toward the disease. During monkeypox, coherence and reconceptualization of new and competing information produced a customer rather than a consumer/producer model. Public healthcare policy should reconsider a one-size-fits-all model during information campaigns and produce a strategic approach embedded within a customer model to educate the public about preventative measures and updates. A multidisciplinary approach could prevent and minimize mis/disinformation.
Kreativitas dalam Konten Instagram Feeds Produk Kecantikan oleh Studio Postwork
Authors: Maharani Ratna Tri
Published: November 2022

Creating content on social media requires a creative process to support interaction between brands and audiences. Because social media is not only a place to display product catalogs, but also as a marketing medium. The purpose of this study is to explain what the creative process and content design analysis looks like on Wardah's Instagram Feed. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. With the aim of this research can explain or describe the design work in detail. The data was obtained by interviewing Taufiqur Rosyadi (27 years old) as the owner of Postwork. Documentation of the design work was obtained through Instagram social media, Wardah's official account. And scientific data obtained from various sources of books and scientific literature. Then data from interviews, photo documentation, and other scientific data as supporting data are processed in detail. Postwork is a creative studio focused on photography and design on social media. One of the clients who use Postwork studio services is Wardah. In the creative process of creating his work, there are 3 stages, namely brainstorming, execution, and editing. The design composition uses the Windows Layout Picture type which emphasizes product figures and headlines.
SUJEITOS E IDENTIDADES: A CONSAGRAÇÃO DA ESCRITA IDENTITÁRIA E DIALÓGICA
Authors: Rodrigues Coelho Lucas , Andrade Mariano Nazarete
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho objetiva analisar os temas e algumas produções textuais publicadas na coletânea Lugar de criação em prosas e versos (MARIANO et al, 2020), a fim de deliberar noções acerca da escrita identitária e dialógica. Portanto, trata-se de um trabalho de pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter bibliográfico, em que se ancora em teóricos como Hall (2019), Silva (2014), Woodward (2014) e Fiorin (2020). 
REFERÊNCIAS
AUSTIN, J. L. Como hacer cosas con palabras. Barcelona: Paidós, 1998.
BEAUGRANDE, R. de. New foundations for a science of text and discourse: cognition, communication, and the freedom of access to knowledge and society. Norwood: Ablex, 1997.
DERRIDA, J. Limited Inc. Campinas: Papirus, 1991 apud SILVA, T. T.  A produção social da identidade e da diferença. In: SILVA, T. T. (org.). Identidade e diferença: a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. 15. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014.
HALL, S. Quem precisa de identidade? In: SILVA, T. T. (org.). Identidade e diferença: a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. 15. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014.
______. A identidade cultural na pós-modernidade. 12. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lamparina, 2019.
FIORIN, José Luiz. A linguagem humana: do mito à ciência. Linguística, p. 13-46, 2013.
______. Introdução ao pensamento de Bakhtin. 2. ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2020.
KOCH, I. V; TRAVAGLIA, L. C. A coerência textual. 18. ed. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018.
MARCUSCHI, L. A. Produção textual, análise de gêneros e compreensão. São Paulo: Parábola, 2008.
MARIANO, N.; PANTA, F.; COELHO, L.; ALVES, A.; SEGUNDO, M. (orgs.). Lugar de criação em versos e prosa. 1.ed.  Petrolina: Oxente, 2020.
SANTOS, C. Prefácio. In: MARIANO, N.; PANTA, F.; COELHO, L.; ALVES, A.; SEGUNDO, M. (orgs.). Lugar de criação em versos e prosa. Petrolina: Oxente, 2020.
SILVA, T. T. A produção social da identidade e da diferença. In: SILVA, T. T. (org.). Identidade e diferença: a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. 15. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014.
WOODWARD, K. Identidade e diferença: uma introdução teórica e conceitual. In: SILVA, T. T. (org.). Identidade e diferença: a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. 15. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014.
NÓS, ESSA GENTE: CHICO BUARQUE E A CONSTRUÇÃO LITERÁRIA DE UM DEVIR BRASILEIRO
Authors: Canella Murilo
Published: November 2022

Resenha crítica da obra Essa gente, de Chico Buarque de Holanda.
ESCRITURA É UM GESTO DE CURADORIA
Authors: T. Kurz Giovani
Published: November 2022

Esboçando novas formas a partir das quais seja possível sistematizar os modos de autoria contemporâneos, este ensaio se dirige às perspectivas canônicas dos estudos sobre a escritura — com R. Barthes, M. Foucault e G. Agamben — de modo a buscar uma aproximação com os debates recentes sobre a curadoria — com O. Oguibe, C. Bishop e F. Pequeno. Desta aproximação, extrai-se a proposição de uma função-curador. Busca-se abrigar, sob esta reflexão, formas dissidentes, ou mesmo dissonantes, de se escrever.
REFERÊNCIAS
AGAMBEN, Giorgio. O autor como gesto. In: _____. Profanações. Tradução Selvino J. Assmann. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2007.
_____. Notas sobre o gesto. In: _____. Notas sobre a política. Tradução Davi Pessoa. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017. 
BARTHES, Roland. A morte do autor. In: ______. O rumor da língua. Tradução Mario Laranjeira. São Paulo: WWF Matins Fontes, 2012.
______. Aula. Tradução Leyla Perrone-Moisés. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2013.
BENJAMIN, Walter. O colecionador. In: ______. Passagens. Tradução Cleonice Paes Barreto Mourão e Irene Aron. Belo Horizonte: UFMG; São Paulo: Imprensa Oficial, 2009.
BISHOP, C. O que é um curador? A ascensão (e queda?) do curador auteur. Revista Concinnitas, v. 02, p. 13, 2015.
FOUCAULT, Michel. O que é um autor? In: ______. Ditos e escritos: estética – literatura e pintura, música e cinema (v. III). Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2001.
______. A ordem do discurso. Tradução Laura Fraga de Almeida Sampaio. São Paulo: Loyola, 2014.
GUSMÃO, Manoel. Anonimato ou alterização. Revista Semear. Disponível em http://www.letras.puc-rio.br/unidades&nucleos/catedra/revista/4Sem_18.html. Acesso em: 09 set. 2021.
OGUIBE, O. O fardo da curadoria. Revista Concinnitas, v. 1, n. 6, p. 6-18, 2004.
PEQUENO, F. Curadoria: ensaios & experiências. Revista Concinnitas, v. 02, p. 21, 2012.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques. O dissenso. In: NOVAES, Adauto (org.). A crise da razão. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Nacional da Arte, 1996.
Gênero e raça: o contexto de produção de autoria feminina de Jane Austen e Maria Firmina dos Reis
Authors: Dias e Souza Ernesto , De Almeida Nogueira Nícea Helena
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar como as adversidades vigentes tanto na vida da escritora Jane Austen, uma das maiores romancistas da literatura inglesa do século XIX, quanto na vida de Maria Firmina dos Reis, autora brasileira precursora na publicação de um romance em solo nacional, se fazem presentes na literatura de ambas. Pretende-se observar como certos obstáculos promoveram mobilizações feministas e antirracistas em suas respectivas produções. Indagações e argumentações fundamentadas por Virginia Woolf a respeito das condições de produção literária de autoria feminina serão empregadas.
Estudo de análises temporais da implementação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) sob o olhar da Política Nacional da Atenção Básica
Authors:   , Carmo Andressa Daiana Nascimento do
Published: November 2022

Introdução:Após mais de 30 anos dacriaçãodo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), muitas foram as mudanças nos serviços de saúde prestados à população, em especial no âmbito da Atenção Básica (AB). Em 1994, houve a criação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), mudanças na forma de atenção à saúde foram implantadas o que propiciou a organização das unidades de atenção básica (UBS) sob lógica dos atributos da atenção primária à saúde, com resultados deampliação do acesso à saúde pela população, em especial nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Após 12 anos, com a publicação da primeira Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB 2006), o PSF passou a ser considerado estratégia prioritária na reorganização da AB do Brasil, mudando seu nome para Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Com a publicação de outras versões da PNAB, em 2011 e 2017, alterações foram sendo feitas na ESF, naorganização de trabalho das equipes, na sua composição e na estrutura organizacionaldeste nível de atenção. Objetivo:O presente estudo objetivou analisar o processo de implementaçãoda ESF, sob o olhar das três versões dasPNABs, buscando evidenciar os impactos da referida política por meio de indicadores de resultados da implementação da ESF na AB do SUS.Métodos:Estudo descritivo de serie temporal dos indicadores selecionados para aferir a implementação da ESF sob o olhardas PNABs de 2006, 2011 e 2017, a partir da comparação do desempenho de indicadores selecionados para avaliação em linha do tempo entre os anos de 2007 e 2020, utilizando o programa de análise de tendência JoinpointPrincipais resultados: Foram observadas tendência de queda no número de ACS nas regiões do país, estabilidade na adscrição no Brasil e na maioria das regiões foram observadas. O número de NASF-AB teve crescimento até a última PNAB, mesmo ocorrido com o número de eSB, que após se estabilizou. O número de VD apresentou crescimento em toda série temporal, sendo maior nos anos iniciais do registro, e com tendência de queda no final em algumas regiões. A educação em saúde, teve um crescimento expressivo em quase todas as regiões do país, e, após se estabilizaremos dados ela se estabiliza. O número de gestantes acompanhadas,apresentaram tendência de queda na maioria das regiões. Os hipertensos acompanhados se mantiveram estáveis. Considerações finais:a última reedição da PNAB, em 2017, pode ter proporcionado um desestimulo à continuidade da ampliação da Estratégia Saúde da Família(ESF) como modelo prioritário da AB no Brasil, ao permitir e financiar novos arranjos de equipes na AB, suprimir a presença do ACS e mudar a organização do trabalho das equipes da AB já existentes. Todas estas mudanças podem acarretar retrocessos e perdas dentro da AB e da ESF no Brasil.
Saúde Ambiental: atuação dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors:   , Silva Marcelo Melo
Published: November 2022

Nas últimas décadas, a sociedade tem convivido e debatido sobre os impactos, que os problemas ambientais têm causado às populações e ao planeta, apontando a necessidade de ações que visem minimizá-los. A saúde ambiental é um ramo de atuação da saúde pública, que atua com um olhar crítico sobre essas questões. Este estudo, tem por objetivo geral, analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em relação à saúde ambiental na Unidade Básica de Saúde e em seu entorno, do município de Juiz de Fora, na região sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva, com análise dos dados à luz do referencial metodológico da hermenêutica-dialética. Participaram deste estudo, 19 enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família. As entrevistas foram orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado e realizadas a partir de chamadas telefônicas realizadas no período de março a julho de 2021. Na análise foi realizada a transcrição, leitura e ordenação dos dados classificados em unidades de sentido, permitindo a compreensão e interpretação num movimento circular entre o empírico e o teórico. Esse processo permitiu a criação de seis categorias analíticas: A relação multifatorial para a sustentabilidade da vida; Desenvolver e caminhar sustentável em busca da saúde; Precariedade de infraestrutura como agente desencadeador de problemas ambientais; Vulnerabilidades sociais, desassistência socioambiental e enfrentamento do coronavírus; O novo viver frente a pandemia da COVID-19; Atuação dos enfermeiros perante a diversidade dos problemas de saúde ambiental. As categorias abordam a percepção dos participantes, sobre a saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável, os problemas ambientais identificados nos territórios e a atuação desses profissionais, frente às problemáticas vivenciadas. Os enfermeiros demonstraram compreensão da relação intrínseca do meio ambiente e a saúde, considerando que o processo saúde-doença está relacionado às questões ambientais. Os problemas ambientais mais presentes foram os relacionados à falta de saneamento básico, como a presença do lixo e os agravos relacionados a ele. Houve um forte destaque para a vulnerabilidade social, que desencadeia questões socioambientais, afetando diretamente à saúde das comunidades. A pandemia de COVID-19 emergiu como um novo problema ambiental, que trouxe mudanças significativas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. A educação ambiental foi a ação mais evidenciada no trabalho dos enfermeiros, para atuar com a população, no enfrentamento dos agravos ambientais identificados. Sendo a enfermagem uma profissão com destaque no trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde, é relevante a aproximação dessa temática com esses profissionais, a fim de que ocorra uma integração de ações de saúde, que pautem a sustentabilidade e a saúde ambiental.
PRED-INTER: automatic prediction of pedagogical interventions
Authors:   , Rossi Diego
Published: November 2022

Acompanhar estudantes em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para verificar quem necessita de ajuda é uma tarefa que demanda bastante tempo. Considerando que em muitos casos o número de alunos por tutor é elevado, essa tarefa acaba se tornando inviável. Durante a pesquisa foram encontrados trabalhos que auxiliam tutores, porém muitas abordagens utilizam dados que estão vinculados ao ambiente virtual de aprendizagem ou ao curso, o que dificulta encontrar uma solução genérica. Portanto, este trabalho busca preencher essa lacuna propondo contribuir para a detecção automática de intervenção pedagógica, colaborando para minimizar problemas durante o processo de ensino aprendizagem on line. Foi projetada uma arquitetura para gerar automaticamente intervenções pedagógicas, identificando atributos implícitos presentes nas mensagens de alunos postadas através de interações no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Com base nos atributos sentimento, urgência e confusão é possível inferir como o aluno estava se sentindo ao postar a mensagem. São então aplicadas regras semânticas que selecionam a intervenção pedagógica adequada para atender o aluno. A dissertação traz três contribuições principais, a primeira é a arquitetura chamada PRED-INTER, desenvolvida para funcionar de maneira autonoma realizando intervenções pedagógicas. Segunda, desenvolvemos modelos preditivos que realizam a classificação dos atributos automaticamente, detectando sentimento, confusão e urgência nas mensagens de alunos. Os modelos foram treinados e avaliados, através de duas diferentes abordagens de deep learning, utilizando os dados do Stanford MOOCPosts Dataset. Terceira, foi desenvolvida uma ontologia capaz de armazenar as postagens dos alunos e seus atributos, que atravez das regras semânticas, detecta a intervenção pedagógica mais adequada. A avaliação da proposta foi feita através das análises dos modelos de classificação textual e da capacidade de identificar as intervenções pedagógicas. Os resultados alcançados pelos modelos gerados são bastante competitivos em comparação a outros trabalhos. Baseando-se no quantitativo de intervenções pedagógicas identificadas os resultados foram satisfatórios, pois mostram que é possível automatizar grande parte das intervenções, mantendo o suporte a alunos e tutores.
L'épizootie de myxomatose en France chez le lapin de garenne (oryctolagus cuniculus l.)
Authors: Giban J. , Barthelemy J. , Aubry J.
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs présentent quelques-unes des conclusions d’une enquête menée auprès des chasseurs sur l’épizootie de Myxomatose en France.

L’historique de l’extension de la maladie est résumé en cinq cartes donnant la progression de la maladie entre juin 1952 et maintenant. La critique de la méthode de présentation est faite. Le printemps et l’été 1953, ainsi que, à un moindre degré, l’existence de foyers secondaires dans le Midi de la France, apparaissent avoir joué un rôle important dans l’extension de la maladie.

Cinq régions de France restent encore peu ou pas touchées par la Myxomatose : Lorraine et Jura, Alpes, Pyrénées, Massif Central et Bretagne.

L’examen des diverses explications de ce fait montre que les facteurs écologiques : densité de population, altitude, présence ou absence de terriers, etc., ont joué un rôle important dans l’extension de la Myxomatose en France.

L’étude des facteurs écologiques mériterait d’être approfondie.
Répercussion de la myxomatose sur les populations de lapin de garenne en France
Authors: Giban J.
Published: November 2022

This report gives the results of a survey on the present population level of rabbits in Prance after the recent spread of Myxomatosis.

250 «tableaux de chasse» (number of rabbits shot and destroyed during the shooting period) are recorded and analysed. In Sologne, where the rabbits have always been very abundant and, in the district of «Chartres» (département d’Eure-et-Loir) where Myxomatosis was first introduced, the population was exterminated or reduced to a very low level during the first two years after the spread of the disease ; but it increased during the following two years, reaching now from 2 to 25 per cent of the population level before Myxomatosis.

In some places, especially in the habitats where the rabbits were not abundant, the population level may be notably higher. Some data from other districts in France confirm these preliminary results.

At the present time it is therefore very difficult to forecast the future population level of rabbits in France.
The observed effects of myxomatosis on rabbit populations and behaviour and on wild life generally
Authors: Lockley Ronald mathias
Published: November 2022

The immediate observed effects of the lethal strain of myxomatosis on rabbit populations and behaviour are initially calamitous, resulting in over 99 per cent mortality. The indirect effects of the scarcity of rabbits on other animals have been difficult to measure accurately in the short period during which the disease has been epidemic in Australia and Europe. Predators of the rabbit seem to have adjusted quickly to the changed food supply, by taking other prey or by breeding less successfully, or both.

The immediate quantitative and qualitative improvement in grazing vegetation due to the removal of over-grazing and soil-erosion by rabbits has benefitted some species, especially deer and hare. The long-term improvement resulting in more successful regeneration of palatable grasses, plants and trees will affect beneficially the economy of larger grazing animals, both wild and domestic, and this improvement is already evident. It may last for several years, depending on the density of rabbit populations.

However there are signs that the rabbit is recovering its numbers slowly, while weak strains of the virus have appeared which already are aiding this recovery and unless governments take drastic action to exterminate the survivors, myxomatosis may shortly become a non-fatal enzootic disease of the European rabbit, as it is of the Brazilian species.
Influence de l'épidémie de myxomatose sur la flore française
Authors: Morel A.
Published: November 2022

The first results of myxomatosis can only be considered as provisional since they are reversible on the reappearance of the rabbit. Man is unlikely to let the situation develop without intervening himself. Many farmers make no secret of their intention to spread or bring back the infection. Hunters do their best to innoculates rabbits and to repopulate areas. One recent case has been recounted of a keeper instructed to destroy the rabbits which had reappeared in enclosed plantations. Using sacks, he carefully captured the rabbits alive in order to let them loose in another part of the forest. Wherever there are keepers, there will be a likelihood of the rabbit returning, since the keepers depend on the rabbit for their livelihood.

On the other hand, the total disappearance of the rabbit from certain regions is too recent to permit of any report being made on its influence on the flora. A dozen years will be required for suppressed species to return. Enough is known, however, to be certain that this disease has raised problems of an economic importance, capable of having permanent repercussions on man’s use of the land.

As an example, in Champagne Crayeuse certain estates, consisting of woods or moors, were bought at the end of the last century by townspeople for their hunting parties, with the rabbit as principle game. With the adoption of mechanization by farming after the second World War, the farmers began to buy back the woods to cultivate them. Assured of a good yield from the land, farmers are paying high prices to encourage the owners to abandon their hunting. Clearing operations have indeed been speeded up since the rabbits disappeared because hunting without them is pointless (M. Leroux).

In other parts the disappearance of the rabbits encouraged many owners of poor forest or of hare land to plant trees, formerly a definite financial risk. The financial return will be more from the timber than from hunting fees. By planning for the afforestation work in such a way as to have groups of trees interspersed with groups of regeneration, it is possible to reconcile hunting and silviculture, thus earning a maximum return from the forest. An essential requirement for any such rational management is the prior elimination of the rabbit.

These few examples clearly show the effect of changes caused by the disappearance of the rabbit and the implications of changes due to myxomatosis should its effects prove permanent.
Biological effects of the spread of myxomatosis among rabbits
Authors: Thomas A.S.
Published: November 2022

1. The changes in vegetation are being accurately recorded on about 12.000 point quadrats on different sites on the south of England.

2. The turf is higher and a greater variety of plants is being found, especially of the more palatable grasses and legumes. 3. There are more seedlings of woody plants both in the grassland and in the woodlands.

4. There is a greater abundance of wild flowers, both common and uncommon.

5. As it is only two years or less since the rabbits died, one cannot prophesy future changes. They may become more rapid.
The after-effects on the flora and vegetation of myxomatosis in the Netherlands
Authors: van Leeuwen Chr. C.
Published: November 2022

Myxomatosis has already had appreciable after-effects on the flora and vegetation in the Netherlands after one year. Remarkable changes in vegetation have occurred, especially in the dune district on the North Sea coast. The changes were particularly noticeable in the rich growth and flowering of a number of plant species and in symptoms relating to the disturbance of the equilibrium in the closely grazed parts of the places with thorny brushwoods, which had adapted themselves to damage caused by rabbits. With due regard to the facts, it may be expected that unless the rabbit population is restored soon, many places in the dunes will be short time.

One of the other things that can be mentioned is that the rather strongly dynamic character of the older dunes, which still prevails locally and is largely due to the activity of these animals, will become more static. If in the long run the rabbits should come back in large numbers, the dune districts with artificial or natural (salty) plots of grasslands will offer the best chances overrun by bush associations within a comparatively for a quick recovery of the rabbit population.

Those in charge of the management of dune land, particularly of the nature reserves there, have so far been greatly satisfied with the reduction in the rabbit population. On the other hand they realize that certain measures, including the cutting of the vegetation, will be necessary to preserve the variety of the landscape and to promote the survival of certain species.
Gewölluntersuchungen an steinkäuzen der Camargue
Authors: Festetics Antal
Published: November 2022

La Chevêche (Athene noctua) est en Camargue un oiseau sédentaire commun qui se tient surtout dans le voisinage des fermes et bergeries.

15 pelotes, trouvées les 27 et 31 août 1957 à la «Cabane Noire», Tour du Valat, mesuraient en moyenne 26 X 13 X 10 mm et étaient partiellement fraîches, partiellement anciennes (du printemps probablement). Elles contenaient les restes exposés dans le tableau n° 1. La «Cabane Noire» est située au bord du marais, dans la ceinture des Juncus maritimus et dans le voisinage des associations végétales du Théro-brachypodion et du Salicornietum fruticosae. Tous les animaux et végétaux trouvés vivent dans ces associations. Ils ont pu être pris partiellement dans l’air, partiellement â terre.

D’autres pelotes, d’un poids total de 80 g trouvées le 2 août 1957 dans les ruines du Pèbre, 8 km au SSW de la Tour du Valat, mesuraient en moyenne 25 X 14 X 14 mm et dataient probablement du printemps. Leur contenu est résumé dans le tableau N° 2. Les associations végétales voisines sont les mêmes que dans la localité précédente, mais le Salicornietum fruticosae y prend une place prépondérante. En dépit de ce fait la plupart des proies ont dû être prises dans le Thérobrachypodion, sur le sol ou au vol.

A noter que les Arthropodes, et surtout les Coléoptères, formaient la grande majorité des proies, ce qui n’est pas toujours le cas chez la Chevêche.

Mes remerciements vont à M. L. Bigot, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, qui m’a déterminé les restes des Invertébrés et des plantes.
Ecology and management of introduced ungulates in New Zealand
Authors: Wodzicki Kazimierz
Published: November 2022

Some fifteen species of ungulates are established in a wild or feral state in New Zealand : red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), Japanese or sika deer (C. nippon), Sambardeer (C. unicolor), Javan rusa deer (C. timoriensis) , wapiti (C. canadensis), Virginia or white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), moose (Alces aloes), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), thar (Hemitragus jemlahir cus), feral goat, pig, horse, cattle and sheep. For each of these species an account is here given of the liberation, spread since 1948, and present distribution.

Some species (e.g. moose and sambar) are still confined to the vicinity of their original points of liberation, but other species (e.g. red deer and chamois) have spread into a variety of habitats and are still increasing in range and numbers.

Information is presented on the effects of various ungulates on soils and vegetation. These effects are more serious in the beech (Nothofagus) forests than in the podocarp/mixed harwood forests because in the latter type, with more plant species available and better natural regeneration, an equilibrium is reached more gradually and at an earlier stage of depletion of vegetation. A combination of two or more ungulate species accelerates the rate of change. The end result in any case is a markedly different plant cover that protects the soil less efficiently.

A brief history of the management of these ungulates is given and the methods, organisation and results of control are described. Of deer, for instance, over half a million were killed by Government hunters alone between 1932 and 1954, and the total number shot during that period cannot be less than 1,400,000 and could be as high as 3,000,000. A statistical analysis of the number of wild and feral ungulates destroyed between 1951 and 1958 suggests that there was no significant decline of the populations during that period.
The ecology and management of the american bison
Authors: Fuller W. A.
Published: November 2022

This paper outlines in some detail the population dynamics of a large, free-ranging herd of Bison in Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Canada. That herd increased from a remnant of about 500 in the 1890’s to an estimated 1,500 in 1922. In the late 1920’s 6,600 plains Bison were added to the original population of wood Bison. Since 1930 the increase has been much slower, probably because of increased mortality caused by tuberculosis and reduced fertility caused by brucellosis. Both diseases were probably introduced with the plains Bison. In contrast, the rate of increase of three small, fenced herds of plains Bison is about 25 percent per year.

Management of the fenced herds consists mainly of periodic reduction in numbers to keep the population within the carrying capacity of the range.

Management of the wild, northern Bison entails mainly an attempt to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in certain selected portions of the herd. A minor, but still significant management goal is to restore the Bison to the list of game animals by permitting the hunting of trophy bulls in areas outside the Park boundary. The bulk of the herd is being left in as nearly a natural state as possible in order to reap the maximum aesthetic benefits.

At present there are about 20,000 Bison under federal government protection in the United States and Canada plus others under State, Provincial or private control. The herds are widely distributed in the western part of the continent and the future of the species seems assured.
Répartition écologique des anatidés et limicoles de la zone maritime du sud de la Vendée
Authors: Spitz François
Published: November 2022

A four-year study was made of the Limicolae and Anatidae present throughout the year in the Anse de l’Aiguillon (Vendée) and neighbourhood, with special reference to feeding grounds and times of feeding (in relation to tides) of each species, movements of individuals and association between species. A census was made each month of most species, enabling biomass to be estimated.

In the first part of the paper, distribution in the study area of the feeding-grounds of each species is
Étude des petits Mammifères par l’analyse des pelotes de Rapaces
Authors: Saint Girons Marie-Charlotte , Spitz François
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs exposent les divers problèmes concernant les micromammifères qui sont susceptibles d’être étudiés par analyse des pelotes de rapaces, en particulier de la Chouette Effraie (Tyto alba).

C’est d’abord la répartition géographique qui peut être étudiée de façon précise à partir du moment où l’on dispose de lots suffisamment bien répartis et suffisamment nombreux ; en outre il est possible de déterminer la position relative de l’espèce étudiée dans chaque région en la rapportant au groupe des espèces homologues ; on montre ici l’exemple de Microtus arualis étudié au sein d’un groupe d’espèces homologues comprenant M. arualis, M. agrestis et Clethrionomys glareolus. Il apparaît que la portée des résultats doit être soigneusement délimitée : ainsi par les pelotes de l’Effraye on ne peut espérer définir que la microfaune des zones découvertes d’altitude peu élevée où elle chasse, et, pour une espèce donnée, la répartition en région forestière ou en haute montagne doit être étudiée d’une autre façon. Les espèces très rares dans les pelotes ne le sont pas forcément dans la nature, et l’on doit s’en assurer par d’autres méthodes de recherches.

Si l’on possède pour une région donnée un certain nombre de gros échantillons de proies correspondants à des biotopes de chasse bien distincts de l’Effraye, il est possible d’en tirer des enseignements sur l’ habitat des micromammifères ; mais les renseignements obtenus ainsi ne sont pas aussi précis que par piégeage puisqu’on ne peut définir que le «paysage de chasse» du rapace et non le microbiotope du mammifère ; néanmoins on peut arriver à définir les communautés de micromammifères correspondant à divers paysages végétaux (naturels ou agricoles) ce qui n’est pas négligeable. Des exemples sont donnés pour la région camarguaise entre autres.

La densité des populations ne peut être déterminée de façon absolue par l’étude des pelotes, mais dans certains cas il est possible de suivre l’évolution des populations d’une ou plusieurs espèces ; cela impose au préalable d’avoir rassemblé par d’autres moyens quelques renseignements sur le cycle annuel d’abondance des espèces étudiées ; en outre il ne doit pas y avoir une espèce constamment très abondante relativement aux autres car dans ce cas on constate que son abondance relative dans les pelotes reste à peu près constante.

Enfin l’examen détaillé des éléments osseux trouvés permet dans certains cas de déterminer le sexe et l’âge des mammifères présents ; la structure de population ainsi trouvée peut alors être comparée à la structure réelle établie par piégeage et l’on obtient ainsi une idée de la façon dont s’exerce la prédation sur une population.

Le travail sur ces divers problèmes ne fait que commencer et l’accent doit être mis en priorité sur l’étude de la répartition géographique encore très insuffisamment connue pour les Mammifères de France.
Présentation du milieu et du programme de travail
Authors: Lamotte Maxime
Published: November 2022

The Lamto ecological field-station was established in 1961, near the Bandama river, at the edge of the Ivory Coast rain forest. The environment is described. The average daily temperature ranges from 24 to 30° C during the dry season and from 25 to 28° C during the rains. The annual rainfall varies from 1,078 mm to 1,657 mm according to the years ; two dry seasons occur, the long one from November to March and a short one in August. Gallery forests are found along the Bandama river and its tributaries ; elsewhere the open savanna is interspersed with numerous Borassus palms. During the dry season (mainly in January) the grasses are burnt by bush fires. To permit comparative studies of unburnt and burnt grasslands, fires are prevented in a study area around the station.
Le domaine vital de Lepus americanus dans la région de Québec
Authors: Alain Gabriel , Moisan Gaston
Published: November 2022

From 1964 to 1966, live-trapping was conducted in a mixed hardwood-cedar swamp forest located 24 kilometer’s from Quebec city, Canada, to measure density and home range of the snowshoe hare. In 1964-1965, a classic square grid with traps at 100-meter intervals was used on 24 hectares, and 17 different individuals were caught at least four times. In 1966, this grid was replaced by an hexagonal grid where each trap is equidistant from all its neighbours (100 meters). Fifteen hares were captured at least four times on a 30 hectares area. With both methods, the population density was estimated at one hare per hectare and the home range at 4.4 hectares. No significant relationship was detected between the size of the home range and the sex of the animals, the type of habitat or the number of recaptures.
L'écologie des forêts claires du Cambodge oriental
Authors: Pfeffer Pierre
Published: November 2022

Preliminary survey of the large mammal fauna of the open Diptcrocarpous woodlands in Eastern Cambodja : Among the species observed by the author, two are included in the IUCN list of endangered Mammals, the Kouprey and the Douec langur. In the Phnom Prick Reserve 23 koupreys were censused in 1968. The Douc langur is still common ; contrary to what is the rule in other langurs, the Douc was always met in pairs during the dry season.
Avifaune nicheuse d’une lande xérophile de Bretagne
Authors: Constant Pierre , Mahéo Roger A.
Published: November 2022

L’avifaune nicheuse d’une lande xérophile située près de Paimpont (Ille-et-Vilaine) a été étudiée pendant deux années consécutives par la méthode des plans quadrillés. La densité des mâles cantonnés sur 10 hectares fut de 35 en 1968 (représentant 15 espèces plus 5 marginales) et de 39,5 en 1969 (14 espèces plus 3 marginales). Les espèces les plus abondantes sont Acanthis cannabina (densité sur 10 hectares : 7 en 1969), Troglodytes troglodytes (densité : 6), Emberiza citrinella (densité : 5) et Sylvia undata (densité : 4).
Notes éthologiques sur quelques carnivores malgaches : le Fossa fossa (Schreber)
Authors: Albignac Roland
Published: November 2022

Les observations récentes que nous avons pu faire dans la forêt du Rongolava nous montrent que l’accouplement de Cryptoprocta ferox a lieu dans les arbres et que la femelle en œstrus peut attirer plusieurs mâles.

Cryptoprocta ferox, comme la presque totalité des Mammi¬ fères malgaches est arboricole, au moins pendant une période de l’année. Alors que sa démarche plantigrade lui donne à terre un aspect lourd et maladroit, elle est bien adaptée à la progression dans les arbres où il grimpe facilement et progresse sans difficulté apparente sur les branches à vingt mètres au-dessus du sol.

Cryptoprocta ferox doit jouer, par son agilité jusqu’alors insoupçonnée, un grand rôle dans la prédation d’animaux même exclusivement arboricoles tels que les Lémuriens, particulièrement ceux du genre Lemur.
Caractéristiques quantitatives du développement et de l’alimentation d'Orthochtha brachycnemis Karsch 1893 (Orthoptera : Acridinae)
Authors: Gillon Yves
Published: November 2022

Dans cette étude sont présentées les caractéristiques quantitatives du développement en élevage de Orthochtha brachycnemis, une espèce d’Acridinae bivoltine qui est parmi les plus importantes, en effectif et en biomasse, dans les savanes préforestières de Côte-d’Ivoire.

La taille des fémurs postérieurs, le poids moyen, le gain de poids, la consommation de nourriture, et la durée sont donnés pour chaque stade dans les deux sexes (4 ou 5 pour les mâles et 6 pour les femelles) et pour deux Graminées qui composent une bonne partie de l’alimentation naturelle des Orthochtha : Loudetia simplex et Hyparrhenia diplandra. La première est plus abondante dans le régime alimentaire, et plus efficiente au cours du développement, que la seconde.

Chez les adultes, la durée de vie, la quantité de nourriture ingérée, la production d’œufs, les fluctuations de poids sont étudiés.