bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of surgical site infection among bile spillage and non-spillage patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhattarai Sameer , Nalbo Dinesh , Koirala Sanjib , Singh Ram Kumar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a common procedure is not without complications, and bile spillage can cause surgical site infection (SSI). There is no local evidence in our hospital setting.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of surgical site infection among bile spillage and non-spillage patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy at BMCTH

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 February 2021 to 25 August 2021 at the surgery department of BMCTH. We enrolled 120 patients through the total enumeration technique who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We enrolled all the eligible study participants who were more than 18 years excluding patients having age >75 years, acute calculous cholecystitis, evidence of cholangitis and/or obstructive jaundice, previous biliary tract surgery, or previous Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, evidence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and immunosuppressed conditions like HIV/AIDS. The surgical site infection was assessed on the 7th postoperative day.

Results: Among 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the majority were female 92(76.7%) and 40-50 years age group 65(54.2%). Bile spillage was found in 27(22.5%) and non-spillage in 93(77.5%).  The prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) was found to be 7.5% which was more in the bile spillage group 25.9% than the non-spillage group 2.2%. The odds of having SSI among the spillage group was 15.9 times more than the non-spillage group and was statistically significant (p <0.05).  The pus culture of SSI found the predominant organism as Staphylococcus aureus 6(66.7%) followed by Escherichia coli 3(33.3%). The common indications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were symptomatic cholelithiasis 95(79.1%) followed by chronic calculus cholecystitis 15(12.5%), gall bladder polyp 8(6.7%) and gall stone pancreatitis 2(1.7%).

Conclusion: More than two and almost one out of ten had bile spillage and surgical site infection (SSI) respectively.  A significantly higher number of SSI among the spillage group should be a concern of surgeons. We need to be extra careful with the spillage group for surgical site infection.
Evan’s Index in adult Nepalese population: A Computerized Tomographic Study
Authors: Shrestha Pragya , Mansur Dil Islam , Karki Subindra , Maskey Sunima , Sah Bishal , Chaudhary Roshan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Evan's Index is a linear measurement of the ventricular size which is used as an indirect marker of ventricular volume. It is used widely as a screening tool to rule out ventricular enlargement. As the ventricular enlargement indicates the neuropathological state of the brain, Evan's Index serves as the quick and reliable method to assess ventricular size.
Objectives: The study aims to generate a baseline value of Evan's Index among the Nepalese population and also investigates the effect of age and gender on EI.
Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences and data was collected from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. The study was done on 385 head CT Scans of the individuals of mean age of 45.44years.   The ratio of inter anterior horns distance of the lateral ventricles and maximal internal diameter of the skull at the same level was taken to calculate Evan’s Index.
Results: The mean value of Evan’s index in the present study was 0.250.03. The study did not report gender-wise variation in Evan's Index (p>0.05). Evan’s index was minimum at the age group of 20-29 and maximum at the age group of 80-89. The value of Evan’s Index showed a significant increase with the age (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study provides the mean value of Evan’s Index among the Nepalese population. Even though Evan’s Index is not influenced by gender, the value increases with normal aging.
Intercampus Grading Performance among Principles of Economics Examinees of IAAS, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari T.
Published: November 2022

In order to familiarize question-specific grading comparison of a board examination, the study analyzed primary score of 447 first semester examinees to the Principles of Economics course in five grading: fail, pass, second division, first division, and distinction rank for each question. Relationships in grading performance were analyzed by using the chi-square test, independent t-test, and ordered logit regression. Among the examinees, 12.98%, 38.48%, 34.0%, and 8.28% secured distinction, first, second, and pass division, respectively and 94% got success with their average of 25.48 score. Compared to boys, the girls outperformed in terms of distinction, first division, and success rate. Fairly superior grading performance was analyzed for the constituent campus examinees over private to community campuses. Significant variations in grading analyzed due to gender, inter-campus and affiliation-type; however, no ethnicity effect was assessed in overall grading. Both coefficient and odds ratio of ordered logit regression determined the likelihood of positive contribution in grade upgrading. Marginal effect of grading scale=3 likely increased grades by 60%, 20%, 24%, 22%, 18%, 22%,23%, 20%, 22%, 20%, 21%, 19% if those examinees solve first to last question, respectively. Estimated predicting probability of each examinee were closer to grading performance. The Examination Board is suggested using Bloom’s Taxonomy in questionset preparation and moderation, introduce cumulative grade point average, and coach potential examiners preceding to question setting and answer-book evaluation. All colleges are suggested to follow quality assurance and accreditation system in order to improve academic environment or establish, at least, advisory support to the poor-scored students.
Functional Outcome of Pediatric Monteggia Fracture Dislocation Treated Surgically in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Dhoju D. , Parajuli B.
Published: November 2022

Background Monteggia fracture dislocation may need operative management. The fracture of ulna is reduced by closed or open reduction followed by stabilization of ulna with Rush pin, K-wires or Dynamic compression plate.

Objective To evaluate the Mayo Elbow Performance Score of patients with Monteggia fracture dislocation treated operatively.

Method It is a retrospective study conducted at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. All the pediatric patients with Monteggia fracture dislocation managed operatively from January 2011- December 2019 were included in the study. The functional outcome scoring of the effected elbow using Mayo Elbow Performance Score was done in the last follow up.

Result Forty eight surgically managed Monteggia patients had a mean age of 7.23 ± 2.9 years with male predominance. Left side was the dominant side of involvement with 29 patients. Bado type 1 was the most common type (81.3%). Most of the patient underwent closed reduction and fixation with Rush pin (n=40). All of the patient has excellent (89.6%) to good (10.4%) functional outcome.

Conclusion Operative management of Monteggia fracture dislocation with complete ulna fracture has excellent to good outcome.
Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence in Adult Population of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha A. , Marla V. , Lamsal M. , Sarraf D. P. , Rao N.
Published: November 2022

Background Tobacco consumption is a leading cause of premature death in the world. Tobacco-related deaths are associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, oral potentially malignant disorders, cancer, others. Moreover there is also associated nicotine dependence which might result to numerous tobacco-associated diseases.

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the degree of nicotine dependence considering its potential health risk, in the Eastern region of Nepal.

Method A descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted among current tobacco users of six districts of Eastern Nepal. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency for Smokeless Tobacco (FTNDST) questionnaire were used for tobacco smokers and chewers, respectively.

Result Of the total participants, 836 were males and 359 females, among whom 736 were active tobacco smokers and 432 chewers, 34.8% had tried to stop consuming tobacco and 306 (25.6%) had oral lesions in white or red forms. Very low nicotine dependence was found among 244 (31.47%) tobacco smokers and 37 (8.56%) chewers whereas 36 (4.71%) smokers and 103 (23.84%) chewers had very high nicotine dependence. The mean score for FTND was 3.73±2.37 and 5.74±2.12 for FTND-ST. A significant difference in duration and age group with FTND score was observed, however not with FTND-ST.

Conclusion The information regarding degree of nicotine dependence can be used as baseline information for planning of preventive strategies and implementation of tobacco cessation and control programs.
Correlation between Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shrestha B. , Shrestha P. , Ghale P. , Lakshmipathy G.
Published: November 2022

Background In management of patients with traumatic brain injury, intracranial pressure holds an important place. Any untoward rise in intracranial pressure portends dreaded complications. Hence, any delay in detecting the issue is considered unacceptable.

Objective This study focuses on analyzing the correlation between ultrasound derived optic nerve sheath diameter and intracranial pressure values derived from invasive intracranial pressure monitoring system in a neurosurgical patient with severe traumatic brain injury.

Method A prospective observational study was performed using a convenience sample technique including all adult patients with traumatic brain injury who had invasive intracranial monitors placed as part of their clinical care. Ocular ultrasound was performed with 5 - 7.5 MHz linear probe of ACUSON X300 ultrasound system while simultaneous intracranial pressure readings were obtained directly from an invasive intracranial pressure monitoring system. The association between optic nerve sheath diameter and invasive intracranial pressure reading was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a receiver operator characteristic curve was created to determine the optimal optic nerve sheath diameter cutoff to detect intracranial pressure > 15 cm H2O.

Result One hundred and fifteen ocular ultrasounds were performed on 30 individual patients. The mean age of the population involved in this study is 42.13 years ± 1.89 with male preponderance in the ratio of 6:1. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of optic nerve sheath diameter and intracranial pressure was found to be 0.844 (p < 0.000) demonstrating a significant positive correlation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was found to be 0.961 (95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 0.99). Based on analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve, optic nerve sheath diameter > 4.85 mm performed best to detect intracranial pressure > 15 cm H2O with a sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 83%.

Conclusion Optic nerve sheath diameter is a dependable screening tool to evaluate for elevated intracranial pressure among patients with traumatic nerve injury.
Mothers’ Perception of Their Children’s Play in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Karki S. , Shrestha S. , Shrestha K.
Published: November 2022

Background Play is a cherished part of childhood that offers children holistic developmental benefits and parents the opportunity to fully engage with their children. However, modern-day children are spending significantly less time in outdoor play due to a number of factors including technological advancements, more time involved in structured activities, and a greater emphasis on early cognitive learning.

Objective To assess perception of mothers on their children’s play.

Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the 228 mothers having at least one child children who attended in Paediatric OPD of Dhulikhel hospital of Nepal from 21st June, 2018 to 16th July, 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS). Research instrument was developed by Barnett and was adopted for this study with permission from the author. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select mothers and face to face interview was carried out to collect information.

Result Perception on play of children in the mothers was varied. Most of mothers agreed on different subscales of play with mean range 2.07-3.01 in which they were agreed on freedom play with mean score 3.01±0.40, importance of play with mean score 2.93±0.37 and nearly agreed on maternal rule with mean score 2.89±0.50, play safety with mean score 2.92±0.36, child’s choice with mean score 2.96±0.49 and disagreed on imaginative play with mean score 2.42±0.59 and gender typing with mean score 2.07±0.51.

Conclusion Although almost all respondents had positive attitudes towards different component of the play, they disagreed on gender typing and imaginative play which is very important for developing problem solving skill of children based on their gender. So, nursing faculties, pediatricians and nurses can use the findings to develop awareness on importance of gender typing and imaginative play among mothers.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shakya Shrestha S. , Tamrakar S. , Shrestha R. , Shrestha R. , Basi A. , Malla M. , Khadka S. K.
Published: November 2022

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease. The prevalence of OA is skyrocketing with time. Providing a proper treatment regimen for OA is also growing as a major public health challenge. Conventional pharmacological treatments are mainly for alleviating pain and have some severe adverse effects. Diacerein is a new oral anti-inflammatory drug especially developed for the management of OA having only mild to moderate adverse effects. However, the evidence of efficacy and safety of Diacerein in OA is not well documented and yet to be explored.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Diacerein in knee OA with conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Method A comparative study was conducted among knee OA patients attending Out- Patient Orthopedic department in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal from December 2019 to September 2020, using self-structured and standard questionnaire. The patients were randomized to receive either a conventional standard treatment (Treatment Group I: NSAIDs) or alternative treatment regimen (Treatment Group II: NSAIDS+ Diacerein). Patients were followed-up after two months and data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

Result Among 72 patients enrolled in this study, majority (44.44%) were between 51-60 years of age in which 81.94% of the patients were female. Post treatment data was collected from 15 participants. The mean KOOS-PS score of the participants in Treatment Group I decreased from 35.56 ± 14.33 to 35.14 ± 12.65 while that of the Treatment Group II participants reduced from 63.31 ± 12.08 to 49.99 ± 13.10 in two months. Similarly, the mean WOMAC score decreased from 46.87 ± 17.80 to 34.37 ± 16.83 in Treatment Group I and from 54.23 ± 14.66 to 46.22 ± 12.16 in Treatment Group II. The mean Lysholm score in Treatment Group I increased from 55.57 ± 8.16 to 60.86 ± 15.01 and in Treatment Group II, it increased from 46.62 ± 13.01 to 60.25 ± 17.598.

Conclusion Diacerein treatment group had better functional outcome compared to the patients in the treatment group with conventionally used drugs. Also, the adverse effects faced by the patients were minor. The current study are suggestive of better efficacy and safety of Diacerein compared to other drugs.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Common Bile Duct Exploration in Situs Inversus Patients
Authors: Simkhada S. , Malla B. , Shrestha R.
Published: November 2022

Situs inversus is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed from their normal positions, estimated to occur in 1 in 5000–20,000 births. Incidence of gallbladder stone disease is same in these patients and normal patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment modality, and performing it successfully in these patients even rarer. We report a 54 years gentleman with gall stone, and 63 years lady who had both gall stone and common bile duct stone along with situs inversus. The mirror image reversibility of the abdominal viscera was seen in both cases. Ports were placed on the opposite side as the liver and the gallbladder were on the left side. Dissection was difficult because being a right-handed surgeon, the non-dominant hand would be the working hand. However, no perioperative complications occurred. It is technically challenging and requires a proper orientation of the left upper quadrant of abdomen.
Multiple Epidermal Inclusion Cysts of Epiglottis
Authors: KC A. K. , Shrestha B. L.
Published: November 2022

Epiglottic cysts are benign laryngeal lesions. Though congenital cysts are often life-threatening, they are usually painless and symptomless in adults, or present with slight, though perceptible, interference with either swallowing or speaking or respiration. Early recognition and diagnosis by routine mirror laryngoscopy is advocated. Prompt removal or draining is the treatment. This is a case report of 42-year-old woman with complaints of feeling of something in throat, sleep apnoea and hoarseness, who on routine mirror laryngoscopy was found to have two large cysts arising from the free border of the epiglottis. The final histopathology reported the cysts as epidermal inclusion cysts.
Crown Lengthening Surgery for Enhancing Restorative Treatment in Esthetic Zone
Authors: Dawadi A. , Humagain M. , Sapkota B. , Subba M. , Neupane M. , Lamichhane S.
Published: November 2022

For obtaining adequate retention for restoring cases like subgingival caries or extensive caries that shortens the tooth, short clinical crown, and fractures, it is usually necessary to disclose more tooth structure. Crown lengthening procedure is done to increase the clinical crown length for restorative or esthetic reasons without breaching the biologic width. These procedures are also utilized to improve the appearance and retention of restorations placed within the esthetic zone. We report a case of crown lengthening surgery with an internal bevel gingivectomy which was done in our department without compromising tooth support and esthetics.
Treatment of Acute Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure: Furosemide vs Furosemide and Metolazone: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Risal Ujjwol Prasad , Karki Prahlad , Shah Prashant
Published: November 2022

Background: Heart failure is a leading cause of hospital admissions each year. In Nepal also the incidence of heart failure is increasing. Acute decompensated heart failure carries a poor prognosis. Most patients respond to intravenous loop diuretics but a substantial proportion of patients are resistant to them and may need additional diuretic agents like metolazone by the principle of “sequential nephron blockade”.

Methods: In a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study, we assigned 68 patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure patients to receive furosemide at 1 mg/kg twice daily or furosemide at 1 mg/kg twice daily plus metolazone 5mg/day. The primary end-points were daily weight loss, negative water balance (difference between urine output and fluid intake) and symptomatic improvement on NYHA grading.

Results: There were 55% males and 45% females in total. There was a significant difference (p-value =0.003) in mean weight loss observed between the two groups on day three, i.e., 0.971±0.6 kg and 1.5±0.78 kg in furosemide group and furosemide plus metolazone group respectively. Mean negative water significantly more in the combination group on day two (450±230.94 ml vs 750.59±416.92 ml) with p-value <0.001 and day three (780.88±352.48 ml vs 504.38±292.46 ml) with p-value 0.001. There was no significant change in symptoms on the basis of NYHA grading between the two groups, duration of hospital stay and adverse events like hypotension, acute kidney injury and dyselectrolytemia.

Conclusion: Among patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure, treatment with combination of furosemide and metolazone was found to be more effective than furosemide alone without significant increase in adverse effects.
Cardiac MRI in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) - A Case Report
Authors: Neupane Nirmal Prasad , Rajlawot Kritisha , Koirala Keshika , Phuyal Subash
Published: November 2022

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition of genetic mutation in the cardiac sarcomere that is defined by cardiac hypertrophy, a non-dilated left ventricle, and a normal or increased ejection fraction. It presents with a heterogeneous clinical picture which continues to challenge clinicians to diagnose it clinically. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) - a non-invasive imaging technique is an essential diagnostic tool that reliably confirms the diagnosis, differentiates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from other etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy as well as identifies the individuals who are most at risk of sudden cardiovascular events. We present a case of 15 years old female patient with complaints of left-sided chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and orthopnea with a history of several episodes of syncopal attacks in the past. Following echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was done for the proper interpretation of the presenting clinical manifestations.
Coarctation of aorta in a young female with extensive collaterals presenting with secondary hypertension
Authors: KC Bishal , Dhungel Sachin , Gautam Samir , Khan Mazhar , Ullah Aziz
Published: November 2022

Coarctation of aorta is a common condition usually diagnosed during childhood. During adulthood they are usually diagnosed during evaluation of secondary hypertension or resistant hypertension.  We report a case of young female who was asymptomatic and found to have high blood pressure during routine clinical evaluation.  During physical examination she had absent femoral pulses which lead to suspicion of presence of coarctation. She underwent surgical procedure with interposition graft. After follow up of one year she is doing well and her blood pressure under control with a single medication.
Saxophone in V. Runchak’s Chamber and Instrumental Creativity: TimbroExpressive and Technical-Performance Aspects
Authors: Mymryk Mykhailo
Published: November 2022

The conceptual aspects of using the saxophone's timbre and expressive capabilities in V. Runchak's chamber-instrumental work are characterized from the point of view of a comprehensive analysis of ideological and figurative paradigms that reflect and represent the artist's spiritual and philosophical searches. It has been found that the composer's appeal to ancient layers of culture, historical styles of the past is not accidental in this sense. The characteristic features of the enrichment of the intertextual content of V. Runchak's chamberinstrumental works are explained by the skillful use of non-traditional and modified performance devices and techniques of playing the saxophone. The factors of the formation of an imaginary artistic and performing image in the process of stage interpretation are determined in each program musical work. They appear in author text inserts and comments. The specifics of V. Runchak's use of the saxophone's timbre and expressive capabilities in chamber-instrumental creativity are described, taking into account the technical and performance capabilities of the specified instrument. It has been proven that the artist uses non-traditional and modified performance devices and techniques of playing the saxophone exclusively as a compositional and textural calibrated "movement", and not as a " invention for the sake of invention". The specific means of implementing elements of other compositional systems in the author's language are substantiated, taking into account the historically and factually determined ontological significance, aimed at: creating in the listener's imagination "author-controlled" images, ideas and feelings; expansion of stylistic attributes and involvement of a wide range of new or updated technological techniques, polystylistic principles, classical and romantic genre invariants; creative search for conditionally coexisting two opposite genre-forming factors — conditional dialogue between genre classical, historically composed prototypes and author's form-creating innovations and genre paradoxes; application of modern compositional techniques — aleatorics, cluster modeling, layered polyphony, sonoristics, etc.
Los canales de regadío en la tradición «La achirana del inca» y su impacto actual
Authors: Llacza Luciano Jersson Enrique
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo explicará cómo los canales de regadío ayudaron a cierta población en «La achirana del inca», texto que forma parte de las Tradiciones peruanas, obra escrita por Ricardo Palma. En esta tradición se cuenta cómo el inca Pachacutec, por amor a una joven, ayuda a una población que vivía en un desierto de Ica y les construye un canal de regadío que fue terminado en diez días. Este canal ayudaría a los habitantes de ese lugar en la producción de sus sembríos y a tener una mejor calidad de vida. Asimismo, se evaluará el impacto actual que tienen en la sociedad los canales de regadío; y se explicará la importancia de la arquitectura en esta obra hídrica.
El aura de la traducción y otros procesos culturales de transcreación en Arenga lírica al emperador de Alemania (1916) de Alberto Hidalgo
Authors: Yufra Juan Wilfredo
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo aborda el criterio de la traducción como discurso simultáneo a los procesos de la creación literaria. En ese sentido, tomamos en consideración el concepto de «aura» de Walter Benjamin, la categoría de transcreación y el contexto de la vanguardia peruana y cómo esta fue perfilándose a través del poeta Alberto Hidalgo (1897-1967). Asimismo, empleamos como objeto de lectura su obra Arenga lírica al emperador de Alemania (1916), primer poemario del escritor peruano.
CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN LEXICOGRAPHY: STATUS, TYPOLOGY, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Blynova Iryna A. , Davydenko Viktoriia I.
Published: November 2022

The paper notes that at the turn of the 21st century, the lexicographic process is intensified worldwide due to the unique and advanced capabilities of dictionaries, namely: versatility, applied character, functional representation of the material, logic, harmony and simplicity of description, schematic, comprehensive presentation of the material, as well as scientists’ efforts to meet the requirements and challenges of today that are manifested in the improvement and development of innovative components, the involvement of modern computer technology, and so on. The drastic progress in a field of the dictionary-making is predetermined by dynamic scientific and technological developments, and hence by the demands of modern users that finds its reflection in the expansion of the object of research, the wealth of studies and its variety, etc. All this, in turn, is supported by many extralinguistic factors, such as: computerization, deepening and expanding the acquired knowledge, international collaboration, and the like. A lexical model allowing for lexicographic construction according to the given parameters proved to be the best one for presenting the results of research concerning not only all levels of the language structure, but also phenomena or facts of the surrounding reality. Currently, dictionaries continue to perform their traditional informative and normative function, and are seen as a systematic, comprehensive collection of various information presented in an adequate way, a means of recording human achievements, and a tool for their study, analyses, systematization, etc. Since recent decades in the modern Ukrainian lexicographical scope there have appeared a lot of encyclopedic, reference publications from various fields of knowledge, for general and special purposes, linguistic works like those of essential, borrowed words, neologisms; terminological, translated dictionaries; works of mixed type, educational works, etc.
CATEGORIES OF TEXT LINGUISTICS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN STUDYING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Breslavets Nadiia O.
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the problems of text linguistics as soon as language relations with various aspects of human life, social existence, education, communication, and cultural activity are cognized through the text. The aim of this paper is to establish the regularities of the functioning of the scientific and educational texts with the focus on the study of specific categories of text linguistics. The author considers the issues of text linguistics categorical apparatus united by shared characteristics, the most essential properties, and phenomena of the objective world. The notion ‘category of text linguistics’ as of a meaningful system with the certain structure of the defined category was justified. Insights into such characteristics and properties were provided. Further possibilities for expanding the scope of linguistic research were outlined. They include all linguistic ideas that integrate with interdisciplinary sciences – philosophy, psychology, lexicology, ethics, linguistics, and stylistics. Methods and techniques of research, investigation of the object of the linguistic text: its composition, inner and outer connections, properties and relations, as well as laws of its development were determined. It is emphasized that the specificity of a particular type of activity corresponds to a particular style, which is known through the text and determines the text categories. Scientific and educational texts used in the process of studying a foreign language are characterized with a specific thematic orientation and typical for them logical-syntactic structure. It is this specificity that determines the interest of a certain contingent of students in mastering profession-related types of texts. Important properties of the text – cohesion and coherence – allow establishing connections between the text and its individual structural and semantic components facilitating its perception and understanding. Categories of texts form the students' communication skills and abilities, allowing to interact in the professional sphere and prepare them for realization of own communicative and practical attitudes.
TYPES OF ANTONYM-TERMS IN FRENCH AND UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Vdovychenko Liliia F.
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the study of the antonym relations in French and Ukrainian philosophical terminology. The opposition that underlies antonymy is a multifaceted phenomenon and is studied by various sciences: psychology, logic, philosophy, sociology, ethics, aesthetics and religion. From a semantic point of view, there are three types of antonymy based on logical relations: the contrary antonymy, the contradictory (or complementary) antonymy and the reciprocal (or converse) antonymy. Considering antonymy on both lexical-semantic and stylistic levels, there are two types of oppositions: usual (linguistic) and occasional (characterizing the philosopher specific linguistic manner). Occasional oppositions are represented by contextual and individual-authorial oppositions, which are more expressive oppositions of usual antonyms; their impact on the reader is unexpected and unusual. From a structural point of view, we distinguish grammatical antonymy and lexical antonymy. In grammatical antonymy one of the items of the pair is morphologically marked by a negative prefix or prefixoide and in lexical antonymy the opposition is expressed by another lexeme. The paper gives the definition of antonymy in terminology and analyzes the main types of antonymy. As a result of the study, we defined the basic antonymous types of prefixes in French and Ukrainian philosophical terminology. The most productive antonymous prefixes in French philosophical terminology are in-, im-, ir-, a-, dé-, dés-, dis-, non-, mé-. The prefixoids (contre-, plus-, moins-, poly-, mono-) are the initial elements of complex terms. The most productive Ukrainian negative prefixes are не-, без-, ін-. The absolute majority of philosophical antonymic terms in French and Ukrainian languages are nouns.
ETIQUETTE VOCATIVES IN FAMILY COMMUNICATION OF RUSSIAN NOBILITY IN THE XIXth CENTURY
Authors: Binbin Shen
Published: November 2022

The article is an analytical research from the standpoint of the latest linguistic knowledge – linguistic pragmatics and cultural linguistics – vocatives as speech etiquette formulas that function in Russian classical prose of the XIXth century. In the article, an attempt was made to comprehensively study such a component of communicative-speech interaction in a family as vocative, or address: considering this category not only as performing a number of important functions in the communication process, but also setting a certain “pattern” of deployment of the entire communicative process, as well as significantly affects the tonality of the latter. Vocatives as components of the process of verbal communication are considered as formulas of speech etiquette, which makes it possible to take into account not only the linguistic characteristics of the category under consideration, but also extremely important semantic increments of social, cultural and other extralinguistic properties. The analyzed fragments of works of art allowed the author to demonstrate that in the noble environment, communication between parents and children took a special place in family communication. The vocatives used in this case almost always have an explicit positive emotional-expressive colouring, which contributes to the formation of the corresponding communication tonality: the tonality of love, tenderness, trust, and the like.
ASSIMILATION OF BORROWINGS IN THE LANGUAGE-RECIPIENT
Authors: Kuvshynova Nataliia M. , Vozniuk Liudmyla A.
Published: November 2022

In the Russian language of the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries, the significant part of foreign words were German lexical borrowings. According to the degree of development of the language loanwords recipient traditionally distinguish two main groups of words - assimilated and unassimilated. One of the main bits of  foreign words, allocated according to the degree of assimilation, are actually borrowing assimilated words about the skill that scientists have no disagreements. The only problem in this sense is to hold the line between borrowing and internationalism. Internationalism represented, first of all, in the terminological lexicon. By the terms-internationalism: a) socio-political lexicon: congress, constitution, minister, meeting, party, politics, revolution, republic, resolution, senate, etc.; b) scientific terminology: biology, geography, geodesy, geology, zoology, history, linguistics, mathematics, physics, etc.; c) the technical name: unit, antenna, apparatus, harvester, monoplane, tank, tractor; d) art criticism lexicon: aria, ballet, drama, genre, novella, opera, poetry, tenor, etc. When classifying loanwords must be considered the formal features (assimilation of words in the borrowing language) and functionality (use of words in the borrowing language). According to the degree of adaptation of lexical units in the system of the Russian language-recipient, both full and partial assimilation of the German-language vocabulary is possible. Partially assimilated vocabulary can be divided into the following groups: 1) German vocabulary assimilated at the graphic and grammatical levels; 2) German- language vocabulary assimilated at the grammatical level; 3) German-language vocabulary assimilated at the word-formation level; 4) German-language blotches with preceding and following Russian equivalents. The research is based on actual data obtained by different linguists, and on the results of the author's own observations.
RENDERING ENGLISH FICTION INDEFINITE PRONOUNS INTO UKRAINIAN: A CORPUS APPROACH
Authors: Lytvynov Oleksandr O.
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with an investigation into the usage of English indefinite nominal pronouns in modern fictional discourse and the specificity of their rendering into Ukrainian with employment of corpus approach. The pronouns under study have been selected by the entire sampling method from the complete register compiled on the basis of the novel by J.K. Rowling “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” and its Ukrainian version translated by V. Morozov. There have been determined the semantic structures of nine English indefinite pronouns based on their formal characteristics and the dictionary entries’ analysis. The units under analysis have been divided into three structural-semantic types according to their form and meaning, wherein two semantic subtypes have been distinguished. The lexemes of each of type have been distributed in decreasing sequence on a zero-ten frequency scale. There have been calculated the expected frequencies per 1,000 words for each of the types to suggest the probability of their usage in a text. The most frequent and the least frequent indefinite pronouns and pronoun types have been revealed, as well as the lexemes possessing medium frequencies. It has been identified that pronouns with 'some' are of highest frequency when pronouns with 'ever’ – the lowest, and pronouns with 'any’ are in between. The most frequent is the pronoun ‘something’, the least frequent is the pronoun ‘whoever’. Pronouns ‘anyone’ and ‘someone’ have demonstrated the average frequency in the microcorpus under analysis. With the use of the immediate constituents’ analysis and contextual analysis there have been revealed the peculiarities of the pronouns’ usage in the source text. Based on the transformational analysis there have been specified the translation methods and types of translation shifts employed for adequate rendering of the pronouns into Ukrainian. The most common methods of the analysed pronouns’ translation have been proved to be equivalent translation, omission, addition, lexical and lexico-grammatical replacements, with additions and grammatical shifts.
THE USE OF SPOKEN CORPORA FOR LEARNING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (BASED ON ESLO, FLEURON, CLAPI, AND CFPP2000)
Authors: Strashko Iryna V.
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the educational and linguistic potential in use of oral corpora for learning French as a foreign language. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part illustrates the contribution of studies based on oral corpora in foreign language acquisition, French in particular. It also analyses the integration of corpora in educational process. The second one gives a brief overview on four speech corpora (the ESLOs, FLEURON, CLAPI, and CFPP2000), shortly describes their specifics, thematic orientation, some peculiarities of working with them. It also gives examples of concrete educational applications for vocabulary learning. The third part looks at some aspects of the use of corpora for language study, highlighting its advantages, difficulties, and challenges of oral corpora employment. Here it is emphasized the use of speech corpora in practice of teaching and learning French language learning is an effective addition to traditional educational technologies. They can be used as supporting material, which allows the teacher to correlate the learning objectives and the teaching methods. The way of working with them requires rethinking the way of teaching and learning: this approach combines empirical adequacy, authenticity, and adaptation, and the possibility of independent learner’s work. It also implies technical, theoretical, methodological, and educational support for both the teacher and the learner. The use of these corpora can be effective and interesting if it bases on a clear program and is gradual, consistent, and systematic.
TEXTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TEXT STRUCTURE STUDYING IN TRANSLATION THEORY
Authors: Koloda Svitlana O.
Published: November 2022

The article presents a theoretical analysis of traditional and new approaches for studying the text from the standpoint of linguistic theory. The author considers the linguistic theory of translation in communicative and textological aspects. Text linguistics, as a part of linguistics, does not still have a clearly defined subject of study as it has become divided into narrower areas: text grammar, text syntax, text theory, speech communication theory. Despite this fact it allows to study and characterize the text in terms of content and structure. When analyzing the text, different approaches are used. However, if we consider texts created in different languages as a product of translation activities, the most perspective approach is the approach to the text analysis as a phenomenological fact. At the same time, the author offers to examine the original text as the source language and speech material for creating a target text, i.e. it is necessary to begin the analysis of the source text not with individual elements (words, phrases, super-phrasal units), but with the whole text. Thus, the target text should take into account some general characteristics of the discourse. Understanding of the text is also based on the awareness of its integrity. In addition to integrity, an important aspect of the text in its analysis is subtext, presupposition, cohesion and completeness. These main features of the text (cohesion, integrity and completeness) are the main text characteristics that should be included not only in the analysis of the source text when creating a new target text. Furthermore, they are the most important ones for the implementation of intercultural communication in the form of translation. The author concludes that the characteristics of the text integrity are mainly a basis for its understanding as a semantic unity. It is integrity that mostly influences the creating of a target text, which is equivalent to the source one.
DOMINANT INVECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF MANIPULATION IN ENGLISH NEWSPAPER TEXTS
Authors: Saiko Nina O.
Published: November 2022

The importance of the media in relation to the problems caused by risk and uncertainty, which led to potential distortions with a significant impact on public opinion, is outlined. There is a contradiction in the hypothesis that the press in its content is a tool to encourage negative attitudes towards people who may be the probable cause of violence and a propagandist of widespread invective beliefs. The peculiarities of the reflection of the issue of migrants on the pages of English newspapers are analyzed. Examples of negative appeals in the columns of English newspapers are presented. Significant results of the research through the prism of polarized and aggressive materials of the English-language press in the context of different countries are noted. Emphasis is placed on the negative approach to the coverage of immigration and ethnic relations, as well as the reflection of the stereotypical image of a bad doctor. It is indicated that the obtained factual material of the image-stereotype structure consists of a certain set of components of nuclear and peripheral qualifiers. The most common problems in the context of the relationship in the “doctor-patient” system are highlighted. Similarities and differences in stereotypes within the analyzed linguistic cultures are revealed. The content and reasons for using the neutralization strategy to reproduce the invective are characterized. The strategy of stylistic replacement in the conditions of expediency of changing the language expression to a language function of the target culture similar in its functions is singled out. Stylistic amplification (or emphasis) and cases of its appropriate application are considered. It is noted that for the purpose of language aggression neologisms with inherent evaluation and adherent evaluation can be used. It is stipulated that the detection of invective vocabulary is relevant in the linguistic examination of controversial texts in cases of insult.
STAGES OF RESETTLEMENT OF ECO-MIGRANTS OF ADJARA REGION AND STATE STRATEGY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GURIA REGION)
Authors: Zoidze Ineza , Irakli Manvelidze  , Levan Jackeli  , Natalia Lazba  , Irine Tsintsadze
Published: November 2022

The modern migration processes in Georgia, especially ecological motives that are caused by the social enviroment have many reasons and they don’t fully corresponds to the socio-economic strategic interests of the development of the country. It is the weak economy mainly due to geographical factors, the backwardness and high cost of the service sector, and the dangerous natural processes that periodically put the need for intensive one-way migration on the agenda. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to determine the nature and stages of ecomigration of the population from the Ajara region at different times in the context of the state strategy, on the example of the ecomigrants settled in the Guria region. In order to achieve the mentioned goal and to study the issue, the institutional approach to the study of migration processes is used. The research is based on quantitative and qualitative social research techniques, as well as analysis and statistical methods. All this helped us in proper analysis and study of collected primary and secondary scientific information and materials. The survey was conducted from March 12 to September 25, 2022. According to the results of the research, in the presented material, the stages of eco-migration from the Adjara region to the Guria region are studied for the first time, its nature is determined, the state policy and its characteristics are evaluated, and various problems related to eco-migration are described. Also, during the research process, we developed recommendations that will contribute to the effectiveness of the state eco-migration policy. Based on the set goal of the research problem and the research issues, the research included the study of the scientific literature surrounding the research problem, the study of state documents, including archival documents, press and media materials, and the implementation of field research in the areas inhabited by ecomigrants.