bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenibut (β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric Acid) Dependence and Management of Withdrawal: Emerging Nootropics of Abuse
Authors: Ahuja Tania , Mgbako Ofole , Katzman Caroline , Grossman Allison
Published: April 2018

This case report describes the development of withdrawal from phenibut, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor type B agonist. Although phenibut is not an FDA-approved medication, it is available through online retailers as a nootropic supplement. There are reports of dependence in patients that misuse phenibut. We report a case in which a patient experienced withdrawal symptoms from phenibut and was successfully treated with a baclofen taper. This case report highlights the development of phenibut use disorder with coingestion of alcohol and potential management for phenibut withdrawal. We believe clinicians must be aware of how phenibut dependence may present and how to manage the withdrawal syndrome.
CDK9 Inhibitor FIT-039 Suppresses Viral Oncogenes E6 and E7 and Has a Therapeutic Effect on HPV-Induced Neoplasia
Authors: Ajiro Masahiko , Sakai Hiroyuki , Onogi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Makoto , Sumi Eriko , Sawada Teruo , Nomura Takashi , Kabashima Kenji , Hosoya Takamitsu , Hagiwara Masatoshi
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to assess the therapeutic effect of the newly developed cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor FIT-039 on cervical neoplasia induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Experimental Design: We examined FIT-039 for its effect on HPV gene expression in HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Primary keratinocytes monolayer and organotypic raft culture models were used to evaluate HPV viral replication and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) phenotypes. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and toxicity tests for FIT-039 were also conducted. Finally, the anti-HPV effect of FIT-039 was further examined in vivo, using HPV+ cervical cancer xenografts.

Results: FIT-039 inhibits HPV replication and expression of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, restoring tumor suppressors p53 and pRb in HPV+ cervical cancer cells. The therapeutic effect of FIT-039 was demonstrated in CIN model of an organotypic raft culture, where FIT-039 suppressed HPV18-induced dysplasia/hyperproliferation with reduction in viral load. FIT-039 also repressed growth of HPV16+, but not HPV− cervical cancer xenografts without any significant adverse effects. Safety and pharmacokinetics of FIT-039 were confirmed for systemic and topical routes.

Conclusions: The CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 showed potent anti-HPV activity without significant toxicity in preclinical studies. Thus, FIT-039 is expected to be a novel therapeutic for CIN to prevent cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4518–28. ©2018 AACR.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Dharmakumar Rohan , Arai Andrew E. , Berry Colin , Hausenloy Derek J.
Published: April 2018

Although mortality after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is on the decline, the number of patients developing heart failure as a result of MI is on the rise. Apart from timely reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention, there is currently no established therapy for reducing MI size. Thus, new cardioprotective therapies are required to improve clinical outcomes after ST-segment–elevation MI. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance has emerged as an important imaging modality for assessing the efficacy of novel therapies for reducing MI size and preventing subsequent adverse left ventricular remodeling. The recent availability of multiparametric mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has provided new insights into the pathophysiology underlying myocardial edema, microvascular obstruction, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and changes in the remote myocardial interstitial space after ST-segment–elevation MI. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in reperfused patients with ST-segment–elevation MI, discuss the controversies surrounding its use, and explore future applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in this setting.
Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on Life Expectancies in the US Population
Authors: Li Yanping , Pan An , Wang Dong D. , Liu Xiaoran , Dhana Klodian , Franco Oscar H. , Kaptoge Stephen , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Stampfer Meir , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Americans have a shorter life expectancy compared with residents of almost all other high-income countries. We aim to estimate the impact of lifestyle factors on premature mortality and life expectancy in the US population.

Methods:

Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study (1980–2014; n=78 865) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2014, n=44 354), we defined 5 low-risk lifestyle factors as never smoking, body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m
2
, ≥30 min/d of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate alcohol intake, and a high diet quality score (upper 40%), and estimated hazard ratios for the association of total lifestyle score (0–5 scale) with mortality. We used data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; 2013–2014) to estimate the distribution of the lifestyle score and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database to derive the age-specific death rates of Americans. We applied the life table method to estimate life expectancy by levels of the lifestyle score.

Results:

During up to 34 years of follow-up, we documented 42 167 deaths. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for mortality in adults with 5 compared with zero low-risk factors were 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22–0.31) for all-cause mortality, 0.35 (95% CI, 0.27–0.45) for cancer mortality, and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12–0.26) for cardiovascular disease mortality. The population-attributable risk of nonadherence to 5 low-risk factors was 60.7% (95% CI, 53.6–66.7) for all-cause mortality, 51.7% (95% CI, 37.1–62.9) for cancer mortality, and 71.7% (95% CI, 58.1–81.0) for cardiovascular disease mortality. We estimated that the life expectancy at age 50 years was 29.0 years (95% CI, 28.3–29.8) for women and 25.5 years (95% CI, 24.7–26.2) for men who adopted zero low-risk lifestyle factors. In contrast, for those who adopted all 5 low-risk factors, we projected a life expectancy at age 50 years of 43.1 years (95% CI, 41.3–44.9) for women and 37.6 years (95% CI, 35.8–39.4) for men. The projected life expectancy at age 50 years was on average 14.0 years (95% CI, 11.8–16.2) longer among female Americans with 5 low-risk factors compared with those with zero low-risk factors; for men, the difference was 12.2 years (95% CI, 10.1–14.2).

Conclusions:

Adopting a healthy lifestyle could substantially reduce premature mortality and prolong life expectancy in US adults.
Association of Pulse Wave Velocity With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Mortality
Authors: Townsend Raymond R. , Anderson Amanda Hyre , Chirinos Julio A. , Feldman Harold I. , Grunwald Juan E. , Nessel Lisa , Roy Jason , Weir Matthew R. , Wright Jackson T. , Bansal Nisha , Hsu Chi-yuan , Appel Lawrence J. , Go Alan S. , He Jiang , Kusek John W. , Lash James P. , Ojo Akinlolu , Rahman Mahboob
Published: April 2018

Patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are at risk for further loss of kidney function and death, which occur despite reasonable blood pressure treatment. To determine whether arterial stiffness influences CKD progression and death, independent of blood pressure, we conducted a prospective cohort study of CKD patients enrolled in the CRIC study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort). Using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), we examined the relationship between PWV and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD), ESRD or halving of estimated glomerular filtration rate, or death from any cause. The 2795 participants we enrolled had a mean age of 60 years, 56.4% were men, 47.3% had diabetes mellitus, and the average estimated glomerular filtration rate at entry was 44.4 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. During follow-up, there were 504 ESRD events, 628 ESRD or halving of estimated glomerular filtration rate events, and 394 deaths. Patients with the highest tertile of PWV (>10.3 m/s) were at higher risk for ESRD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.37 [1.05–1.80]), ESRD or 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.25 [0.98–1.58]), or death (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.72 [1.24–2.38]). PWV is a significant predictor of CKD progression and death in people with impaired kidney function. Incorporation of PWV measurements may help define better the risks for these important health outcomes in patients with CKDs. Interventions that reduce aortic stiffness deserve study in people with CKD.
Gamma Oscillatory Activity Related to Language Prediction
Authors: Wang Lin , Hagoort Peter , Jensen Ole
Published: April 2018

Using magnetoencephalography, the current study examined gamma activity associated with language prediction. Participants read high- and low-constraining sentences in which the final word of the sentence was either expected or unexpected. Although no consistent gamma power difference induced by the sentence-final words was found between the expected and unexpected conditions, the correlation of gamma power during the prediction and activation intervals of the sentence-final words was larger when the presented words matched with the prediction compared with when the prediction was violated or when no prediction was available. This suggests that gamma magnitude relates to the match between predicted and perceived words. Moreover, the expected words induced activity with a slower gamma frequency compared with that induced by unexpected words. Overall, the current study establishes that prediction is related to gamma power correlations and a slowing of the gamma frequency.
How Relations Make Persons: Rituals Accompanying Childbirth and Socialization of Infants in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Torno Swetlana
Published: April 2018

Most ethnographies of childbirth are situated in the field of medical anthropology and focus on the interplay of different medical traditions and power relations. A smaller number of works examine activities and rituals accompanying childbirth in the context of integrating new members into the community and constituting the “person” by means of creating or changing relations to the “socio-cosmological universe.” Following the latter, the paper analyzes rituals and practices surrounding childbirth and the socialization of children during their first year of life in Kyrgyzstan. I argue that personhood is established through careful work on relationships to entities situated in the social and cosmic domains of the society. The paper draws on ethnographic research in north Kyrgyzstan and explores ideas about conception, rules of conduct during pregnancy, and the life cycle rituals zhentek toĭ, beshik toĭ, and tushoo toĭ.

1
New species of the genus Gnathochorisis Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) from the Neotropical Region
Authors: HUMALA ANDREI E.
Published: April 2018

The Neotropical species of the genus Gnathochorisis (Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) are reviewed, seven species: G. enodis sp. nov., G. khalaimi sp. nov. from Mexico, G. intercalaris sp. nov., G. punctata sp. nov., G. rufa sp. nov., G. rufithorax sp. nov. from French Guiana, and G. dilleri sp. nov. from Peru are described and illustrated, and one species G. laticincta comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Symplecis. A key to the Neotropical Gnathochorisis species is provided.
Catochini, Strobliellini and Acoenoniini revisited: a taxonomic review of the small tribes of the Micromyinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS
Published: April 2018

The taxonomy of Catochini, Strobliellini and Acoenoniini, three species-poor tribes of the subfamily Micromyinae, is reviewed on the basis of new material from Europe and Japan. In the Catochini, the genus Anocha Pritchard stat. rev. is revived from synonymy with Catocha Haliday and shown to include eight species, five of which are new: Anocha glabra sp. nov. (Sweden), A. grytsjoenensis sp. nov. (Sweden), A. japonica sp. nov. (Japan), A. moraviensis sp. nov. (Czech Republic), and A. vernalis sp. nov. (Sweden). Anocha minuta (Jaschhof), originally described in the genus Catarete Edwards, and Catocha brachycornis (Spungis & Jaschhof), previously classified in the genus Strobliella Kieffer, tribe Strobliellini, are new combinations. In the Acoenoniini, new species described are Acoenonia baltica sp. nov. (Sweden, Latvia) and A. ulleviensis sp. nov. (Sweden). The female of Groveriella Mamaev (tribe Strobliellini) is described for the first time. Keys are provided to the species of Anocha and Acoenonia Pritchard.
Convective-Permitting Hindcast Simulations during the North American Monsoon GPS Transect Experiment 2013: Establishing Baseline Model Performance without Data Assimilation
Authors: Moker James M. , Castro Christopher L. , Arellano Avelino F. , Serra Yolande L. , Adams David K.
Published: April 2018

During the North American monsoon global positioning system (GPS) Transect Experiment 2013, daily convective-permitting WRF simulations are performed in northwestern Mexico and the southern Arizona border region using the operational Global Forecast System (GFS) and North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) models as lateral boundary forcing and initial conditions. Compared to GPS precipitable water vapor (PWV), the WRF simulations display a consistent moist bias in the initial specification of PWV leading to convection beginning 3–6 h early. Given appreciable observed rainfall, days are classified as strongly and weakly forced based only on the presence of an inverted trough (IV); gulf surges did not noticeably impact the development of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and related convection in northwestern Mexico. Strongly forced days display higher modeled precipitation forecast skill than weakly forced days in the slopes of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) away from the crest, especially toward the west where MCSs account for the greatest proportion of all monsoon-related precipitation. A case study spanning 8–10 July 2013 illustrates two consecutive days when nearly identical MCSs evolved over northern Sonora. Although a salient MCS is simulated on the strongly forced day (9–10 July 2013) when an IV is approaching the core monsoon region, a simulated MCS is basically nonexistent on the weakly forced day (8–9 July 2013) when the IV is farther away. The greater sensitivity to the initial specification of PWV in the weakly forced day suggests that assimilation of GPS-derived PWV for these types of days may be of greatest value in improving model precipitation forecasts.
A Characterization of the Delaware Sea Breeze Using Observations and Modeling
Authors: Hughes Christopher P. , Veron Dana E.
Published: April 2018

Sea-breeze circulations are a prominent source of diurnal wind variability along coastlines throughout the world. For Delaware, the sea breeze is the largest source of variability in the coastal wind field. We developed a detailed, year-round sea-breeze climatology for the Delaware coastline using 9 years of meteorological station data and an objective sea-breeze detection algorithm. Sea-breeze fronts were identified and characterized by timing, speed, and duration as well as the resulting temperature and humidity changes. The observed temperature change associated with the Delaware sea-breeze front varied spatially, as well as with season, time of day, location, and developmental stage of the front. The observed sea breeze also had some unique features because of the location of southern Delaware on the Delmarva Peninsula and the complicated shape of the local coastline. Details of the summertime sea breeze were further explored using simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for June–August of 2000–09. Model-simulated sea-breeze characteristics were then compared with the observed sea-breeze climatology whenever possible. Results suggest that the mesoscale atmospheric model is capable of simulating the complex, observed spatial and temporal characteristics of the Delaware Sea breeze. However, the sea breeze in the model was weaker than that observed and tended to dissipate earlier in the afternoon, making it a challenging phenomenon to detect and characterize in the model. Improved detection and simulation of the sea-breeze fronts will increase our understanding of the impact this regional phenomenal has on the local climate and on the populations living by the coast.
Spontaneous Emission of Spiral Inertia–Gravity Waves and Formation of Elliptical Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclone–Like Vortices: Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Simulations
Authors: Menelaou Konstantinos , Yau M. K.
Published: April 2018

Although intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are considered to be axisymmetric vortices, observations reveal that they are often highly asymmetric. Better understanding of the underlying asymmetric dynamics is a critical step toward advancing TC intensity forecasting. In this paper, we revisit the mechanisms behind one of the most frequent asymmetric patterns: the deformation of the core into an elliptical shape. Previously, elliptical eyewalls were primarily thought to be an outcome of barotropic instability, a mechanism that involves the coupling and mutual growth of counterpropagating vortex Rossby (VR) waves. These results were largely based on simplified numerical models that filter out inertia–gravity (IG) waves. Consideration of IG waves introduces the possibility of an additional instability mechanism, one that involves a VR wave that spontaneously emits a spiral IG wave into the environment. We provide evidence that elliptical eyewalls, which may form within a three-dimensional primitive-equation nonlinear model that supports both instability types, can solely originate by the mechanism of spontaneous radiative imbalance. These evidences are supported by a number of nonlinear simulations, supplemental linear eigenmode analysis, and a linear simulation. The potential role of a multimechanistic instability is also briefly addressed.
La Napoli di Bernari e di Giordano
Authors: Ronsisvalle Vanni
Published: April 2018

Una certa “idea” di Napoli. Scenario del paradosso più universale del mondo, la grande bellezza e il dramma sociale perpetuo, connubio appunto paradossale: la Napoli del suo scrittore più importante del secolo breve, Carlo Bernari e dell’artista pittore Edoardo Giordano che dalla Napoli più aristocratica a cui (con indifferenza) apparteneva ha portato nel mondo dell’arte internazionale la temperie rivoluzionaria mai spenta dal tempo delle Avanguardie Storiche. Bernari e Giordano accomunati dalla visione politica che li vide partecipi delle storiche Quattro Giornate in cui il popolo di Napoli scacciò i tedeschi invasori.
Social enterprises, marketing, and sustainable public service provision
Authors: Powell Madeline , Osborne Stephen P.
Published: April 2018

This article explores whether social enterprises are capable of fulfilling the public policy rhetoric surrounding them, to become sustainable providers of public services. It does this by examining their marketing activity within North-East England and focuses on social enterprises delivering adult social care public services. It finds that social enterprises are employing a product-dominant approach to marketing rather than a service-oriented, relationship marketing, approach. This undermines their ability to build the enduring relationships with all their key stakeholders that are the key to effective service management and fatally weakens their potential as sustainable public service providers. The article subsequently uses service theory to build an alternative model of marketing and business practice predicated precisely upon the need to build such relationships.

Points for practitioners

This article points to the need for public service practitioners to embrace a service orientation to the management of public services, rather than a product-dominant one derived from manufacturing. It outlines the key elements of relationship marketing in particular and highlights how this approach can contribute substantially to sustainable public service provision.
Reactions to Violence Among African American Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Victimization
Authors: Cunningham Sarah R. , Schumacher Julie A. , Bell Neasman Taunjah P.
Published: April 2018

African American (AA) women are victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) at a disproportionate rate; however, few studies have examined such women’s affective responses to violence. An experimental study was conducted to assess the predictive ability of type of simulated IPV and change in self-reported state anxiety on changes in self-reported quality of life (QOL) for 38 AA female survivors of IPV. IPV type and state anxiety change explained a significant portion of the variance in QOL change, R2 = .16, F(2, 35) = 3.42, p = .05. Data provide indirect evidence that exposure to IPV may be a cue that reminds women of their experiences of violence or the problem of IPV for AA women, which prompts more negative attitudes toward general well-being.
Leader survival and purges after a failed coup d’état
Authors: Easton Malcolm R , Siverson Randolph M
Published: April 2018

What factors explain variation in the tenure of political leaders who survive a coup d’état? Our main hypothesis is that leaders who survive a coup attempt take the opportunity to purge known and potential rivals while also deterring future coup conspirators. The severity of the purge is also hypothesized to be positively associated with longer post-coup tenures, as potential rivals are eliminated or deterred from future coup attempts. After introducing the topic of the failed coup, and presenting the dataset we developed to measure the level of punishment associated with a failed coup attempt, we offer an analysis of the effect of purges on the survival time of leaders who survive a coup attempt. We find that, conditional on regime type, purging has an effect on lengthening leader tenure, with more severe purges being associated with longer authoritarian tenures. Democratic leaders gain no advantage. Changes in military expenditures do not increase subsequent tenure. We conclude with a discussion of the results as well as what a broader dataset might reveal.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: April 2018

The Every Student Succeeds Act changes the role of the federal government in education and raises the question of who will define the education agenda. Similar questions came to the fore in the 1980s, when A Nation at Risk gave rise to a new education reform movement. Kappan editor Rafael Heller wonders if history is about to repeat itself and, if so, which players will take the lead.
How the politicization of history education led to Michigan’s fall
Authors: Andrews Gordon P. , Warren Wilson J.
Published: April 2018

The authors describe the politicization of the process to revise Michigan’s social studies standards from 2005 to the present. In 2005, critics objected to the omission of topics they considered important, even though the content expectations document was not intended to be an exhaustive list of material to be covered. The latest, more limited revision, is being criticized for its leftward political leanings. The authors suggest that critics lack the expertise in the subject matter and that it is dangerous to let politically motivated non-experts make curricular decisions.
How power really works in schools
Authors: Neumann Jacob W.
Published: April 2018

People often think that power only flows downhill in school. The author draws on his own research observations, as well as the philosophy of Michel Foucault, to offer more nuanced insights. He explains that power is not a “thing” people can possess and that it flows in multiple directions, forming a web of influence. These insights suggest that people’s perceptions and actions can affect schools in subtle, yet important ways.
Learning from failure
Authors: Greene Jay P. , McShane Michael Q.
Published: April 2018

Over the last two decades, federal and state policy makers have launched a number of ambitious, large-scale education reform initiatives —No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, the Common Core State Standards, and others — only to see them sputter and fail. In 2017, the authors convened a number of leading scholars to explore why those initiatives failed and what can be learned from them. Participants agreed that to be more successful in the future, reformers will need to balance ambition and urgency with humility, political acumen, and the ability to recognize when it’s time to slow down or scale things back.
The power of peer influence to address student behavioral problems
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Roseth Cary J.
Published: April 2018

As children reach adolescence, peer groups gain special power to influence their behavior, and young people tend to adapt their behavior to fit group norms. When students engage in bullying, alcohol and drug abuse, and other behavior, those in their peer group are more likely to engage in those behaviors as well. The authors sought to evaluate whether having students engage in peer learning through interdependent cooperative groups might disrupt this tendency. Middle school teachers were trained in using peer learning to teach their regular curriculum, and after one year, students showed more positive and less negative behavior than those in control schools that did not implement peer learning. The effect was also larger than has been reported for traditional prevention and social-emotional learning programs.
Gendered Help at the Workplace: Implications for Organizational Power Relations
Authors: Chernyak-Hai Lily , Waismel-Manor Ronit
Published: April 2018

One of the most thoroughly studied aspects of prosocial workplace behavior is organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Yet, the definition of OCB seems to overlook the fact that help-giving acts may be of different types with different consequences for both giver and recipient. The present research explores workplace help-giving behavior by investigating the importance of gender as a factor that facilitates or inhibits specific types of help that empower and disempower independent coping: autonomy- and dependency-oriented help, respectively. A pilot and two following studies were conducted. The pilot study empirically assessed which acts would be clearly perceived by participants as representing both types of help. Then, using the descriptions of these acts, Study 1 examined which type of help would be perceived as most likely to be given by a male or female employee to a male or female colleague in a sample of 226 participants (78% women). Study 2 explored which type of help participants perceived as one they would rather receive from a male or female helper in a sample of 170 participants (65% women). Our findings indicate that male and female respondents who rated men giving help were more likely to expect them to give autonomy-oriented help, especially to women. There were no significant differences in dependency-oriented help. Further, women preferred to receive more autonomy-oriented help than men did, regardless of the help-giver’s gender; no significant results were found for men. Implications for OCB and workplace power relations are discussed.
Metacognitive Pedagogical Sequence for Less-Proficient Thai EFL Listeners: A Comparative Investigation
Authors: Tanewong Sukanya
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the impact of metacognitive pedagogical sequence on development of less-proficient Thai EFL listeners’ L2 listening metacognition and listening comprehension achievement over a semester. Sixty-four university students who were enrolled in a listening course participated in a quasi-experimental study. Both the intervention group (IG) and the comparison group (CG) received listening lessons comprised of pre-listening, during-listening, and post-listening activities. Each lesson was designed to allow both groups to practise listening to the same video and audio texts the same number of times. However, the IG engaged in key metacognitive processes such as prediction/planning during pre-listening, monitoring, evaluating, planning, and problem-solving with peer dialogue and collaboration in the during-listening, and post-listening activities followed by reflection and goal-setting. Students’ L2 listening metacognition development was assessed using the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) at the beginning, during, and at the end of the intervention and after the final listening test. Data were also collected and analysed from responses to an open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. ANCOVA showed no significant differences between the two groups on the scores of the achievement post-tests. However, repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant gains by the IG in development of metacognition of three listening-related factors, Problem Solving, Planning and Evaluation, and Directed Attention, while only Planning and Evaluation was found to be significant in the CG. Possible reasons for these statistical results are explained, supported by the qualitative findings. Implications for future research and listening pedagogy using the metacognitive pedagogical sequence for less-skilled listeners are also discussed.
Advanced Cell-DEVS modeling applications: a legacy of Norbert Giambiasi
Authors: Wainer Gabriel A
Published: April 2018

We describe a number of modeling applications of advanced Cell-DEVS models, a modeling formalism Norbert Giambiasi and I defined in the late 1990s. We discuss improved versions of these models built using the CD++ toolkit, which was built in order to study, model, and simulate such cellular models. The models have removed some limitations that standard cellular models have, which allow each cell to use multiple state variables and multiple ports for inter-cell communications. We show the application of the formalism in three different areas of science and engineering: social models, pedestrian analysis and occupancy in buildings, and virus spreading in computer networks.
Keep a Stiff Upper Lip or Wear Your Heart on Your Sleeve? Ethnic Identity and Emotion Management among Arab/Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Feinstein Yuval , Shehade Switat Maha
Published: April 2018

This study examines how emotion management is linked to subjective identity among members of ethnic minority groups in ethnically mixed workplaces. Data were drawn from interviews with Arab/Palestinian citizen residents of Israel. The results reveal three distinct strategies of emotion management: (1) Arab/Palestinians, regardless of their subjective identity, tend to conceal emotions during interactions with majority group members; (2) individuals who identify as ‘Arab’ also tend to regulate social interactions to avoid the emotional risks that accompany interactions with majority group members; (3) those who choose a ‘Palestinian’ label are more likely to actively express their ethnic identities despite the emotional risks associated with this type of identification. The findings suggest that emotion management is influenced not only by a person’s assignment to a social minority category (the emphasis of previous research), but also by a person’s subjectively defined identity.
The Renovation and Reassertion of the Refounding
Authors: Newswander Chad B. , Mattingly-Jordan Sara , Boden Daniel
Published: April 2018

It has been almost 20 years since the Refounding’s last unified publication. Although the name “Blacksburg” continues to hold a place in the field, it has increasingly been withdrawn from serious consideration. The purpose of this special issue is to renovate and reassert refounding insights back into the theory and practice of public administration.
Introducing a gender-sensitive approach to pre-trial assessment and probation
Authors: Khan Omar Phoenix
Published: April 2018

This paper evaluates a pioneering project to introduce a gender-sensitive approach to working with women completing probation and community service orders in Kenya. The intervention consisted of context-specific research with women throughout Kenya, leading to adaptations to existing probation tools, followed by pilot implementation of a gender-sensitive approach. The evaluation explores the relevance, effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention and presents opinions of implementing probation officers and sector experts. Findings suggest that the project genuinely broke new ground in terms of research on gender-sensitivity and quality of pre-trial reporting for women. Close adherence to the UN Bangkok Rules means the model and lessons are applicable both domestically and globally.
Comparison of hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Barışhan Fatih Canşah , Akesen Burak , Atıcı Teoman , Durak Kemal , Bilgen Muhammed Sadık
Published: April 2018

Objective

This study was performed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients. Morbidity and mortality were also evaluated.

Methods

Twenty-two patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and 16 patients who underwent THA for treatment of Garden type 3–4 FNFs from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients were >65 years of age. Cox regression analysis was performed for mortality evaluation.

Results

The postoperative blood loss volume, decrease in the hemoglobin level, and transfusion rate were significantly higher in the THA group. The univariate mortality risk was higher in patients with a Charlson comorbidity score of >4, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of >2, Singh index of <3, and postoperative hospitalization of >1 week.

Conclusion

This study revealed no significant difference in the short-term clinical and radiological results between cementless hemiarthroplasty and THA in elderly patients with displaced FNFs. However, morbidity and mortality were associated with the presence of additional systemic diseases. THA is the preferred surgical technique in patients with displaced FNFs and low comorbidities.
The Effect of Additives on the Low Temperature Ice-Melting Capacity of NaCl
Authors: Nilssen Kine , Klein-Paste Alex , Wåhlin Johan
Published: April 2018

Winter maintenance of high-traffic volume roads requires chemicals for the strategy of obtaining sufficient friction. Challenges often arise in very cold temperatures because the effect is reduced. To improve the low temperature ice-melting capacity of road salt, additives are sometimes used. There is a lack of knowledge as to how these additives affect low temperature ice-melting capacity. The tests often use SHPR H-205.1 and H-205.2; however, recent research has shown that the SHRP tests produce inaccurate results. This paper uses calorimetry to study the effect of additives on the low temperature ice-melting capacity of sodium chloride (NaCl). Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium formate (KFo), calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), and sugar (sucrose) were added to NaCl at −18°C. The chemicals were also tested individually. The measurements were done in a recently improved custom-made calorimeter, described in the paper. The results showed that solid chemicals had a far higher melting capacity than solutions. In a solid state NaCl had the highest ice-melting capacity, however, the results differed for solutions, where brine had the lowest. CaCl2 had the highest ice-melting capacity of the solutions, melting 285% more than NaCl at −18.6°C. This was followed by MgCl2, KFo, mix NaCl/CaCl2, mix NaCl/CMA, CMA, and mix NaCl/MgCl2. The improvements using chlorides (MgCl2 and CaCl2) depended on the amount of additive. KFo had a destructive influence on melting capacity when mixed with NaCl, whereas mixing CMA with NaCl produced a higher melting capacity than the two components individually. Sugar froze at −18°C.
Why Are Keynesian Multipliers Larger in Hard Times? A Palley-Aftalion-Pasinetti Explanation
Authors: Charles Sébastien , Dallery Thomas , Marie Jonathan
Published: April 2018

We use the Annual Macroeconomic database of the European Commission (AMECO) to confirm that textbook multipliers are nearly always greater than one and that they increase during recessions. Propensity to import falls in recessions through the combined effects of the amplified fall in investment and the high import content of investment. A change in saving behavior may also raise the multiplier. These findings strongly support the need for countercyclical fiscal policies during recessions.
Institutionalization and De-institutionalization in Post-communist Party Systems
Authors: Enyedi Zsolt , Casal Bértoa Fernando
Published: April 2018

This article is part of the special cluster titled Parties and Democratic Linkage in Post-Communist Europe, guest edited by Lori Thorlakson, and will be published in the August 2018 issue of EEPS

In an article written in 1995 titled “What Is Different about Postcommunist Party Systems?” Peter Mair applied the method that he called “ ex adverso extrapolation.” He matched his knowledge of the process of consolidation of party systems in the West with what was known at that time about Eastern European history, society, and the emerging post-communist party politics. Considering factors such as the existence of fluid social structures, the weakness of civil society, or the destabilizing impact of the so-called triple transition, his article predicted long-term instability for the region. In the present article, we evaluate the validity of Mair’s predictions, thereby also contributing to a lively debate in the current literature about the scale and nature of East–West differences and about the trajectories of the two regions. Going beyond the identification of cross-regional similarities and differences, we also differentiate between individual party systems, establish subgroups, and describe changes across time. Using four major dimensions (i.e., party system closure, party-level stability, electoral volatility, and fragmentation), the article finds that Mair’s predictions were largely, though not in every detail, right. Ironically, however, we also find that changes in the West tend to match over time the trajectory of the East.
Learning from Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes
Authors: McGinn Kathleen L , Ruiz Castro Mayra , Lingo Elizabeth Long
Published: April 2018

Analyses relying on two international surveys from over 100,000 men and women across 29 countries explore the relationship between maternal employment and adult daughters’ and sons’ employment and domestic outcomes. In the employment sphere, adult daughters, but not sons, of employed mothers are more likely to be employed and, if employed, are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility, work more hours and earn higher incomes than their peers whose mothers were not employed. In the domestic sphere, sons raised by employed mothers spend more time caring for family members and daughters spend less time on housework. Analyses provide evidence for two mechanisms: gender attitudes and social learning. Finally, findings show contextual influences at the family and societal levels: family-of-origin social class moderates effects of maternal employment and childhood exposure to female employment within society can substitute for the influence of maternal employment on daughters and reinforce its influence on sons.
The use of process mapping in healthcare quality improvement projects
Authors: Antonacci Grazia , Reed Julie E , Lennox Laura , Barlow James
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Process mapping provides insight into systems and processes in which improvement interventions are introduced and is seen as useful in healthcare quality improvement projects. There is little empirical evidence on the use of process mapping in healthcare practice. This study advances understanding of the benefits and success factors of process mapping within quality improvement projects.

Methods

Eight quality improvement projects were purposively selected from different healthcare settings within the UK’s National Health Service. Data were gathered from multiple data-sources, including interviews exploring participants’ experience of using process mapping in their projects and perceptions of benefits and challenges related to its use. These were analysed using inductive analysis.

Results

Eight key benefits related to process mapping use were reported by participants (gathering a shared understanding of the reality; identifying improvement opportunities; engaging stakeholders in the project; defining project's objectives; monitoring project progress; learning; increased empathy; simplicity of the method) and five factors related to successful process mapping exercises (simple and appropriate visual representation, information gathered from multiple stakeholders, facilitator’s experience and soft skills, basic training, iterative use of process mapping throughout the project).

Conclusions

Findings highlight benefits and versatility of process mapping and provide practical suggestions to improve its use in practice.
Impact angle control based on integral sliding mode manifold and extended state observer
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Liu Mingyong , Li Yang , Zhang Feihu
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the issue of impact angle control over guidance in scenarios of an interceptor against the maneuvering targets. Inspired by switched nonlinear system, an integral sliding mode manifold is first developed. Then, the impact angle control over guidance is derived by using the integral sliding mode manifold with finite time control. To obtain precise guidance effect, the second-order of extended state observer is proposed in the case of unknown target acceleration. Finally, composited impact angle control over guidance based on extended state observer is developed. The stability analysis of the proposed guidance law is demonstrated by using Lyapunov function, and theoretical proof that the line-of-sight angle and line-of-sight angular rate can converge to the desired value in finite steps, respectively. Numerical simulation results are illustrated to validate the performance of the proposed guidance law.
Why Hate the Good Guy? Antisocial Punishment of High Cooperators Is Greater When People Compete To Be Chosen
Authors: Pleasant Aleta , Barclay Pat
Published: April 2018

When choosing social partners, people prefer good cooperators (all else being equal). Given this preference, people wishing to be chosen can either increase their own cooperation to become more desirable or suppress others’ cooperation to make them less desirable. Previous research shows that very cooperative people sometimes get punished (“antisocial punishment”) or criticized (“do-gooder derogation”) in many cultures. Here, we used a public-goods game with punishment to test whether antisocial punishment is used as a means of competing to be chosen by suppressing others’ cooperation. As predicted, there was more antisocial punishment when participants were competing to be chosen for a subsequent cooperative task (a trust game) than without a subsequent task. This difference in antisocial punishment cannot be explained by differences in contributions, moralistic punishment, or confusion. This suggests that antisocial punishment is a social strategy that low cooperators use to avoid looking bad when high cooperators escalate cooperation.
Inside the library: Academic librarians’ knowing in practice
Authors: Pilerot Ola , Lindberg Jenny
Published: April 2018

There is a dearth of studies on librarians’ information practices, in particular their information use. At the same time the professional field of librarianship is infused with an imperative dictating that the work of librarians should be evidence based. This paper presents an ethnographic study of academic librarians’ information use in professional practice. On the basis of the analysis, which is rooted in practice theory, it is concluded that in the academic library under investigation, information use is an ongoing practice shaped in and by the specific areas in which the work is carried out. Rather than primarily relying on evidence in terms of formal research results, the librarians in the study relate to and make use of a multitude of both formal and informal information sources.
From Non-places to Places: Transforming Partition Rehabilitation Camps Through the Gendered Quotidian
Authors: Roy Dibyadyuti
Published: April 2018

The political partition of India in 1947 into a truncated India and the dominion of Pakistan witnessed a wave of forced migration, hitherto unseen in human history. The alteration of a singular national space into two separate nation-states based on religious identities forced the movement of almost twelve million people, in search of a new homeland. Although this exodus was experienced differently based on socio-economic backgrounds—unfortunately in ways akin to any violent transition—women formed the most susceptible ground to the rigours of the Partition. Gross and barbarous acts of violence perpetuated against women were derived from a hypermasculinized nationalist ideology: one that perceived women’s bodies as sites where national and religious identities needed to be forcibly inscribed. Partition historiography, however, has frequently privileged only the political circumstances and elided the traumatic human micro-histories, which dominated and continue to impinge on postcolonial subjectivities. This article explores a key facet of Partition history, which has often been relegated to the footnotes of both political and social narratives: transitory rehabilitation camps established primarily for the recovery of female refugees. Through an analysis of non-fictional testimonies and selected Partition fiction, I demonstrate how the transformation of these refugee rehabilitation camps—from transitory non-places into referential spatial locations or places—was facilitated through the quotidian performances of the female Partition Refugee.
Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender
Authors: Cannon Clare , Ferreira Regardt J. , Buttell Fred
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

This study sought to investigate similarities and differences among race, gender, parenting attitudes, and conflict negotiation tactics of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in a batterer intervention program.

Method:

This research utilized a nonequivalent, control group secondary analysis of 238 women and men.

Results:

Logistic regression indicated the following: (1) An increased likelihood for scoring higher on the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2), Physical Assault subscale, and high-risk Adult–Adolescent Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) parenting group for those in the African American category compared to the White category; (2) African American women are more likely to be unemployed, score higher on the CTS-2 Physical Assault subscale, and in the high-risk AAPI-2 parenting group than African American men; and (3) White women, compared to White men, are more likely to experience injury and to score in the high-risk AAPI-2 group.

Conclusions:

Critical race theory provides a necessary understanding of these findings within structural inequality in the United States. Further results and implications are discussed.