bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient and reliable data transmission in WBAN using multivariate gradient divergence African buffalo optimization
Authors: Menaga S. , Vanithamani R.
Published: September 2024

Wireless body area network (WBAN), a popular radio communication technique, tracks patients' health conditions remotely using small, low‐power, portable sensors positioned on the body to sense vital signs and send data to a control node. To sustain long‐term health monitoring, WBANs require significant energy from the nodes. This research proposes an energy efficient and reliable data transmission using multivariate gradient divergence African buffalo optimization (EEMGDABO) to minimize the delay of critical node data transmission by identifying the optimal path to the control node. The protocol comprises two key processes: winsorized correlative segmented symbolic regression with reinforcement learning (WCS‐SRRL) and the walrus optimization algorithm (WaOA) for accurate priority‐based classification of health data (normal, abnormal, and critical). The second process involves transferring these priority‐based data with reduced energy consumption and delay while increasing throughput by determining the best path from the critical node to the destination (hospital/doctor) using EEMGDABO, which calculates node distance and energy fitness value. Implemented in MATLAB with a health monitoring WBAN dataset, the proposed protocol demonstrates 23% less energy consumption, 12.33% less delay, and 23.44% higher network lifetime compared to existing optimization approaches.
SDERP: Stable‐aware differential evolution‐based routing protocol for mobile wireless networks
Authors: Mekkaoui Abdelkader , Smail Omar , Rebbah Mohammed
Published: September 2024

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a network with non‐wired communications and non‐centralized administration where all its nodes are mobile. Firstly, one of the leading drawbacks of wireless networks is their energy consumption because the constituent nodes of the network have a restricted battery capacity yet greater consumption caused by the mobility of the nodes, their processing power, the frequent sending of data, and so on. Secondly, data packets may be lost due to traffic, noise, or the mobility of nodes, whose data transmission in real‐time applications would be compromised by this loss. In order to resolve the problem of energy consumption and that of the loss of data packets for MANETs, we propose a new stable‐aware differential evolution‐based routing protocol (SDERP). We include a fitness function to select the best new path from all new paths issued at the end of this algorithm. This fitness function is based on energy constraints and link stability. The performance of our proposal is compared with OPAOMDV‐EE, FT‐AORP, EE‐LB‐AOMDV and AOMDV. The results show that our SDERP has better network performance than the other routing protocols. Specifically, it obtains a packet delivery ratio that is higher by up to 17%, an overhead ratio reduced by up to 33%, an energy efficiency better by up to 39%, and end‐to‐end delay reduced by up to 16%.
CT imaging‐enhanced numerical simulation of microscopic structure and resilient safety of asphalt concrete
Authors: Bao Lei , He Min , Ye Tianhao , Tan Mengyan , Wang Ruijie , Yang Han
Published: September 2024

Asphalt concrete is a foundational material in water conservancy projects, serving a critical function in the construction of impermeable structures such as dams. The seismic response characteristics and resilient safety of concrete dams are heavily influenced by the arrangement and evolution of the microscopic structure of the dam material. In this study, a high‐precision computed tomography (CT) scanning technique, in conjunction with advanced numerical simulations, was employed to analyze the internal damage and crack extension mechanism of asphalt concrete. Microstructural images of the asphalt concrete specimen were accurately captured by CT scanning, followed by the construction of corresponding numerical models. Presented simulation results show that the displacement deformation of asphalt concrete reaches its maximum value in the top region of the model and subsequently decreases with depth. Material damage was first observed at the interface between aggregate and asphalt matrix, where microcracks emerge and extend to the entire asphalt matrix, resulting in a gradual deterioration of the model performance. The simulation results indicate that the overall strength of asphalt concrete is primarily influenced by the strength characteristics of its aggregates. The stress–strain curves obtained from the numerical simulations exhibit a hyperbolic relationship, which is in high agreement with the physical test results. This study not only enhances our comprehension of the mechanical behavior of concrete but also contributes to the analysis of seismic response and risk assessment in dam engineering through dynamic experimental testing and numerical simulation.
A Triple Piezoelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Cam Contact Driven and Cylindrical Magnet Noncontact Driven
Authors: Li Wenhui , Liu Wenbo , Pei Jiahao , Wang Kai , Jing Yi , Wu Zhifei
Published: September 2024

For the traditional energy harvester converting other energy forms into electrical power, lots of energy is wasted as heat or other forms due to the single energy transduction mechanism. To further improve the energy conversion efficiency, the study presented here provides an idea and realization of a triple piezoelectric‐electromagnetic‐piezoelectric energy harvester with cam contact driven and cylindrical magnet noncontact driven for improving the conversion efficiency of energy. The proposed energy harvester is composed of a rectangular piezoelectric energy harvester (RPEH), a circular piezoelectric energy harvester (CPEH), and an electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) for harvesting mechanical energy. The design concepts and working principle are evaluated and explained with the structural and Simulink models. The output performance is experimentally tested under different rotating speeds, cam geometries, lengths of magnets, and load resistances. The results reveal that the output power can achieve a milliwatt level (1.34 mW) with 3 cam protrusions, 15 mm magnet length, and 200 r min−1 rotating speed. Finally, we successfully demonstrate the harvester has great potential in powering low‐power electronics such as light‐emitting diodes and digital clocks.
Exploring the potential of taro (Colocasia esculenta) starch: Recent developments in modification, health benefits, and food industry applications
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Guha Proshanta , Srivastav Prem Prakash
Published: September 2024

Taro is a tropical plant and an underutilized root crop that has a good source of carbohydrate. Taro tuber contains 70%–80% of starch on dry basis. This review highlights the extraction of taro starch, latest advancements in the modification such as physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of taro starch. Furthermore, after modification of taro starch, molecular weight and amylopectin branch chain length distribution, granular shape, percentage crystallinity, swelling and solubilization, pasting and thermal properties and in vitro digestibility of taro starch were significantly affected. Additionally, researchers have explored novel methods to modify the physicochemical characteristics of taro starch, enhancing its functionality as a thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent in various food formulations. However, fabrication of nanoparticles from taro starch was also studies. Various health benefits of taro starch have been reported in this study. One significant health benefit of taro starch is its potential to improve blood sugar management. Furthermore, the versatility of taro starch in food applications has expanded, ranging from traditional staples to modern convenience foods. Its gluten‐free nature makes it an attractive option for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. Taro starch is increasingly incorporated into bakery products, snacks, noodles, and as a thickening agent in soups and sauces. The unique sensory attributes and nutritional profile of taro starch contribute to the development of novel, health‐conscious food products that cater to evolving consumer preferences.
Critical elements of successful partnership in public health—A case study
Authors: Phan Tuong‐Vi , Pontifex Katherine , D'Onise Katina , Merlin Tracy , Nori Annapurna
Published: September 2024

Issue Addressed

Intersectoral action is integral in promoting population health and health equity. In South Australia, public health partnership authorities (PHPAs) are one mechanism to promote intersectoral collaboration for addressing complex public health issues. This case study examined contemporary evidence on the critical elements of successful partnerships, explored the role of formalisation in success, and examined how identified critical elements were operationalised over time in an existing PHPA.

Methods

In the first phase, a scoping review was conducted. The second phase was a retrospective longitudinal case study of a government‐academic PHPA agreement, involving partnership document review and key informant interviews. Data triangulation and iterative thematic analysis were performed.

Results

The critical elements of successful partnership, triangulated through multiple data sources, are mutuality, governance, communication, resources, leadership, and interactions and relationships. These elements have a high degree of interdependence. Trust supports and is reinforced by these elements, particularly during times of change or crisis. Formalisation of a partnership supports success in many ways but is insufficient on its own.

Conclusion

Operating in dynamic environments, a partnership requires dedicated time and effort to be successful. Attention to the strength and interconnectedness of the critical elements over the course of a partnership is crucial.

So What?

This case study describes how the elements of successful partnership can be applied to progress beyond transactional relationships towards authentic collaboration and overcome cross‐border and cross‐boundary public health challenges to promote population health and well‐being.
Rational design of FeF2‐based cathode to realize high‐performance potassium storage
Authors: Guan Jie , Fu Hongwei , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Yu Jinqing , Tang Zhixiang , Yuan Xiaoming , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan
Published: September 2024

The poor electronic conductivity of conversion‐type materials (CMs) and the dissolution/diffusion loss of transition metal (TM) ions in electrodes seriously hinder the practical applications of potassium ion batteries. Simply optimizing the electrode materials or designing the electrode components is no longer effective in improving the performance of CMs. Binders, as one of the electrode components, play a vital role in improving the electrochemical performance of batteries. Here we rationally designed FeF2 electrodes for the first time by optimizing electrode materials with the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and combined with a sodium alginate (SA) binder based on strong interactions. We show that the FeF2@CNTs‐SA cathode does not suffer from TM ion dissolution and delivers a high capacity of 184.7 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1. Moreover, the capacity of FeF2@CNTs‐SA is as high as 99.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1, which is a twofold increase compared to FeF2@CNTs‐PVDF. After calculating the average capacity decay rate per cycle of them, we find that FeF2@CNTs‐SA is about one‐third lower than FeF2@CNTs‐PVDF. Therefore, the SA binder can be broadly used for electrodes comprising several CMs, providing meaningful insights into mechanisms that lead to their improved electrochemical performances.
Cell migration within porous electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in a mouse subcuticular implantation model
Authors: Mohammad Waleed , Chen Liang , Wu Bin , Dietz Paula , Bou‐Akl Therese , Ren Weiping , Markel David C.
Published: September 2024

Cellular infiltration into electrospun nanofibers (NFs) is limited due to the dense structure and small pore sizes. We developed a programmed NF collector that can fabricate porous NFs with desired pore sizes and thickness. Previously we demonstrated improved cellular proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts with increased pore sizes of polycaprolactone (PCL) NF in‐vitro. This study investigated in‐vivo host cell migration and vascular ingrowth within porous NF sheets implanted subcutaneously in a mouse model. Two types of PCL NFs with well‐defined pore sizes were created using varying speeds of the NF collector: NF‐zero (no movement, pore size 14.4 ± 8.9 µm2) and NF‐high (0.232 mm/min, pore size 286.7 ± 381.9 µm2). The NF obtained by using classical flat NF collector (2D NF, pore size 1.09 ± 1.7 µm2) was a control. The three formulae of NFs were implanted subcutaneously in 18 BALB/cJ mice. Animals were killed 7 and 28‐days after implantation (n = 3 per group per time point). The tissue with implanted NFs were collected for histologic analysis. Overall, 7‐day samples showed little inflammatory response. At 28‐days, the degree of tissue penetration of PCL NF sheet matrices was linked to pore size and area. NFs with the largest pore area had more efficient tissue migration and new blood vessel formation compared to those with smaller pore sizes. No newly formed blood vessels were observed in the 2D NF group. A porous NF scaffold with controllable pore size has potential for tissue repair/regeneration in situ with potential for many applications in orthopaedics.
Maternal high‐fat high‐sugar diet impairs bone quality and strength but not cartilage in aging mice
Authors: Oestreich Arin K. , Harasymowicz Natalia S. , Savadipour Alireza , Harissa Zainab , Rashidi Neda , Luhmann Meredith K. , Kuziez Mohammed , Moley Kelle H. , Guilak Farshid
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent aging disorder of synovial joints and recent work suggests that a parental high‐fat diet increases OA severity following joint injury in offspring. We hypothesized that a maternal high‐fat high‐sugar (HFHS) diet would promote spontaneous osteoarthritis‐related cartilage and bone changes in 1‐year‐old offspring. Female C57BL/6 J mice were placed on either a chow control or HFHS diet for 6 weeks before mating to a chow‐fed C57BL/6 J male and maintained on their assigned diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto a chow diet, raised to 1 year of age, and evaluated for cartilage and bone changes indicative of OA. However, offspring did not show early signs of OA as measured by histological Mankin scoring, mechanical testing of the pericellular matrix, histological synovitis scoring, or subchondral bone thickening as measured by microcomputed Tomography. On the other hand, male offspring from HFHS‐fed dams had reduced trabecular bone quality in the tibial metaphysis and decreased cortical thickness. Although maternal HFHS diet did not impact trabecular or cortical bone quality in tibias of female offspring, the radii of these animals had decreased cortical thickness, increased medullary area, and impaired breaking strength compared to those of control‐fed dams. Finally, we evaluated bone quality and strength in male and female F2 offspring and found that the grandmaternal diet modestly impacted radial bone geometry but not strength. Together these results suggest that maternal HFHS diet impairs F1 offspring skeletal integrity in a sex and bone site‐specific manner.
Cervical motion analysis using wearable inertial sensors to patients with cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Osuka Satoshi , Takahata Masahiko , Takeda Ryo , Chiba Takeshi , Hori Hiroaki , Kataoka Yoshiaki , Iwasaki Norimasa , Mukaino Masahiko , Tohyama Harukazu
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to clarify cervical kinematics during daily activities, including level walking and stair ascending, in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C‐OPLL). Eighteen patients with myelopathy caused by C‐OPLL and 18 healthy controls were recruited to participate in the study. The sagittal cervical kinematics during level walking and stair ascent were quantitatively assessed using a motion analysis system based on wearable inertial sensors. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, and deep sensation in the lower extremities were assessed in all participants. Nine of 18 patients with C‐OPLL presented with deep sensory disturbances. Patients with C‐OPLL with deep sensory disturbances exhibited different sagittal plane cervical motion patterns than healthy controls during level walking and stair ascent. During the first phase of stair ascent, both patients with C‐OPLL and healthy controls flexed their necks to the same degree; however, during the middle and final phases of stair ascent and all phases of level walking, the mean cervical flexion angle of patients with C‐OPLL with deep sensory disturbances was significantly higher than that of patients with C‐OPLL without deep sensory disturbance and healthy controls. Our data suggest that patients with C‐OPLL presenting with deep sensory disturbances are likely to walk with their necks flexed and gaze downward to observe their steps throughout their daily lives. This habitual neck posture may lead to a vicious cycle of cervical kyphosis and worsening of compressive myelopathy.
Anterolateral and accessory anterolateral portals are safe to avoid subcutaneous nerve injury during subtalar arthroscopy—Definition of safe zones for standard lateral portals
Authors: Hirtler Lena , Bussek Vinzenz , Kleinberger Markus , Willegger Madeleine
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Injury to the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) or the sural nerve (SN) is a common complication in subtalar arthroscopy. The purpose of this anatomical study was to evaluate the distance to surrounding subcutaneous nerves in the vicinity of three standard arthroscopic portals for subtalar joint arthroscopy and through actual portal placement for arthroscopic procedures, in order to define anatomical safe zones.

Methods

Forty paired fresh‐frozen foot‐and‐ankle specimens were used. Subtalar arthroscopy using a three‐portal technique (anterolateral [AL], posterolateral [PL] and accessory anterolateral [AAL] portals) was performed. After completion of subtalar arthroscopy, the portals were marked, and all surrounding subcutaneous nerves, that is, the branches of the SPN and SN, were dissected. The distance of the nearest nerve at the level of the respective portal was measured and potential injury was recorded.

Results

The nearest nerve at the level of the AL portal was the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve at a mean of 15.4 ± 5.1 mm medial to the portal. The nearest nerve at the level of the AAL portal was the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve at a mean of 17.7 ± 4.8 mm, being lateral to the portal. The nearest nerve at the level of the PL portal was the SN at a mean of 6.7 ± 4.7 mm anterior to the portal. Based on the measurements, safe zones were defined.

Conclusions

Placement of the AL and AAL portals in subtalar arthroscopy is saved using standard anatomical landmarks and a thorough surgical technique. At the level of the PL portal, the SN is the most endangered structure in subtalar arthroscopy. Surgeons should be aware of the proximity of the SN to the PL portal and take the utmost care during portal placement and instrument insertion to avoid iatrogenic injury. The risk of nerve damage during portal placement may be reduced when positioning the portals in the defined safe zones.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Orthopaedic surgery residents with a mentor report greater self‐assessed theoretical and practical preparedness than residents without a mentor
Authors: Watrinet Julius , Bumberger Alexander , Niemeyer Philipp , Achtnich Andrea , Siebenlist Sebastian , Hinz Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mentorship on self‐perceived theoretical and practical skill levels of German‐speaking residents affiliated to a scientific society with a focus on sports medicine. It was hypothesized that orthopaedic surgery residents with a mentor would report higher subjective theoretical and practical skills and less apprehension towards performing surgeries unsupervised compared to those without mentors.

Methods

A 35‐item questionnaire was distributed among resident members of AGA—Society for Arthroscopy and Joint‐Surgery. The survey explored the current status of mentoring and self‐assessed theoretical and practical skill levels as well as apprehension towards performing surgeries unsupervised (1–10 scale with higher values indicating higher skill level or greater apprehension).

Results

In total, 115 residents were included, of which 46 (40.0%) had a mentor. The majority of residents without a mentor (65.7%) reported the desire to have a mentor. Residents with a mentor reported significantly higher self‐assessed theoretical (p = 0.003) and practical skill levels (p < 0.001) and less apprehension towards performing surgeries unsupervised (p < 0.001) compared to residents without a mentor. The presence of formal mentorship programs increased the likelihood of having a mentor significantly (odds ratio [OR] 7.17, p < 0.001). Male and female participants did not differ significantly in self‐assessed skill level or apprehension towards performing surgeries unsupervised.

Conclusion

Residents with a mentor reported greater subjective skill levels and stated less apprehension towards performing surgeries unsupervised compared to residents without a mentor. The majority of residents without a mentor stated that they would like to have a mentor. This may be achieved by establishing more formal mentorship programs as they facilitate mentorship.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, cross‐sectional study.
Panda Rope Bridge Technique promoted Achilles tendon regeneration in a novel rat tendon defect model
Authors: Shen Chen , Sun Xianding , Li Zhi , Zhang Ruobin , Huang Junlan , Tang Kaiying , Wang Ting , Xie Yangli , Chen Lin , Nie Mao
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether the Achilles tendon tissue can undergo the pathological process of Achilles tendon regeneration after the Panda Rope Bridge Technique (PRBT).

Methods

Rats (n = 120) that operated with Achilles tendon rupture were divided into three treatment groups: Defect group (D group), PRBT group and Defect + Fix group (DF group). The D group represented natural healing with no treatment, the PRBT group represented healing receiving PRBT treatment and the DF group represented healing through conservative treatment by ankle fixation. The morphological, histological and biomechanical properties of the defective Achilles tendon were assessed at 7, 10, 12, 14, 28 and 56 days postoperatively.

Results

Compared to that observed in the other two groups, defected rat Achilles tendons that underwent PRBT recruited more cells earlier, eventually forming mature tendons, as revealed by histological analysis. PRBT also enabled defected tendons to regain stronger mechanical properties, thereby improving the prognosis. This improvement may be related to the earlier polarization of macrophages.

Conclusion

By establishing and using a novel surgical model of Achilles tendon rupture in rats, most injured Achilles tendons can regenerate and regain normal histological properties, whereas tendons with other interventions formed fibrotic scar tissue. The strong regenerative capacity of tendon tissue enabled us to describe the pathological process of tendon regeneration after PRBT surgery in detail, which would aid in the treatment of tendon injuries. PRBT promotes Achilles tendon regeneration and has the potential to become a standard treatment.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Traveling waves reflecting various processes represented by reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Sari Murat , Yokus Asif , Duran Serbay , Durur Hulya
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to discover analytically the interactional responses of populations in a dynamic region where the reaction–diffusion process with forcing effects takes place through traveling wave solutions. An expansion method is considered here to properly capture the responses for the first time. In order to profoundly analyze the physical and mathematical discussions, some illustrative behavioral results are exhibited for various values of physical parameters. Especially for the different values of diffusion coefficients in the model under consideration, their effects on the behavior of the solitary wave are discussed and observationally supported by considering various illustrations. It is also seen that the solutions representing the diffusion seen to be in the form of the behavior of hexagonal Turing patterns in different time periods. The application of this study in mathematical biology is to analyze the relationship between the population density of certain species in any local region and the specific population density with invasion characteristics. In addition, the formation of the extinction vortex of the invading population, depending on the characteristics of the solutions presented, is also descriptively discussed.
On a class of generalized capillarity system involving fractional ψ#x02010;Hilfer derivative with p(·)‐Laplacian operator
Authors: Arhrrabi Elhoussain , El‐Houari Hamza
Published: September 2024

This research delves into a comprehensive investigation of a class of
‐Hilfer generalized fractional nonlinear differential system originated from a capillarity phenomena with Dirichlet boundary conditions, focusing on issues of existence and multiplicity of nonnegative solutions. The nonlinearity of the problem, in general, does not satisfy the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition. We use minimization arguments of Nehari manifold together with variational approach to show the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions of our problem with respect to the parameter
in appropriate fractional
‐Hilfer spaces. Our main result is novel, and its investigation will enhance the scope of the literature on coupled systems of fractional
‐Hilfer generalized capillary phenomena.
Neoadjuvant Capecitabine in Operable HPV‐Negative Head and Neck Cancer: Fortuitous Findings in a Resource Constrained Setting
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Richardson Keith , Mlynarek Alex , Hier Michael P. , Caglar Derin , Florianova Livia , Pusztaszeri Marc Philippe , Sultanem Khalil , Sadeghi Nader , Bouganim Nathaniel , Esfahani Khashayar
Published: September 2024

Objective

Limited progress has occurred in treating operable human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accessing timely care remains challenging in public health care systems, potentially resulting in disease progression before treatment initiation.

Study Design

A prospective cohort of patients receiving neoadjuvant capecitabine (NC) was compared to stage‐matched patients undergoing standard of care (SC).

Setting

This study was performed at 2 academic centers in Montreal, Canada.

Methods

To ascertain the effect of 2 cycles of NC in operable HPV‐negative HNSCC patients on clinical‐to‐pathologic stage migration. Comparison to an SC group was performed to site and TNM stage matched patients. Pathologic treatment response was measured using the modified Ryan score.

Results

We compared 16 NC patients (11 oral cavity, 3 skin, 2 larynx) with 32 SC patients. Ten NC patients exhibited a pathologic response (1 complete, 3 major, 6 minor). Clinical‐to‐pathologic stage migration differed significantly between NC and SC groups: downstage (6 vs 1), upstage (3 vs 14), no change (7 vs 17, P = .0047). There was no severe treatment toxicity related to capecitabine. All patients in the NC group underwent surgery.

Conclusion

NC followed by surgery demonstrates measurable pathologic response in HPV‐negative HNSCC, suggesting potential utility in resource‐limited health care settings.
Relationship Between Voice Problems and Depression Among American Adults
Authors: Lee Ho Kyung , Bonilha Heather Shaw , Hong Ickpyo
Published: September 2024

Objective

Voice problems have a large impact on quality‐of‐life and societal participation. It has been previously reported that persons with voice problems have a higher likelihood of depression than those without voice problems. Despite this knowledge, little has changed in clinical practice related to screening for depression or incorporating the presence of depression in treatment planning. This study aims to provide an updated analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in persons with voice disorders to elucidate the current magnitude of the relationship in hopes that this will provoke greater awareness of the co‐occurrence of voice problems and depression and improve clinical care.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional design with a national survey.

Setting

None.

Methods

The study examined the 23,706 adults from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey database. A series of logistic regression models with propensity score matching approaches were used to examine the association between voice problems and depression by accounting for demographics and health conditions.

Results

When comparing persons with and without voice problems, there were statistical differences in demographics and health conditions (all P < .05); however, those differences were balanced by propensity score matching methods (all P > .05). The balanced samples revealed that those with voice problems were approximately twice as likely to experience depressive symptoms (odds ratios ranged from 1.532 to 2.024, all P < .05) compared to those without voice problems. Depressive symptoms increased with the severity (P < .0001) and duration of the voice problem (P = .0328).

Conclusion

The study found robust associations between voice problems and depression within the current American adult population in 2022. To achieve optimal treatment outcomes, it is critical that the co‐occurrence of voice problems and depression is understood, and that treatment planning addressed both conditions, when applicable.
The Impact of Code Bundling on Medicare Volume and Reimbursements Within Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Liu Derek H. , Torabi Sina J. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: September 2024

In 2018, Medicare introduced new codes to the Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and balloon sinus dilation (BSD) families of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Using the Medicare Part B National Summary Data File from 2010 to 2022, an interrupted time‐series analysis examined trends in volume and reimbursements before and after 2018. Prior to 2018, volume and reimbursements for FESS grew at a mean rate of 2.5% ± 2.2% per year and 6.9% ± 6.6% per year, respectively, before reimbursements decreased significantly in 2018 by −13.9% (P = .014), leading to a stabilization of volume (growth of 0.72%, P = .602). Volume and reimbursements for BSD saw rapid growth from 2011 to 2015 which plateaued prior to the introduction of bundled codes and did not appear to change significantly in 2018 (−0.6%, P = .306 and 11.9%, P = .392, respectively). In addition to concurrent devaluation of FESS and BSD codes, bundling appears to have further contributed to falling reimbursements in rhinology.
Platelet Concentrates Impact on Myringoplasty Outcomes in Chronic Otitis Media Patients: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Alahmadi Rana A. , Lajdam Ghassan Bin , Aghashami Afnan , Hamdan Dalia , Almalki Abdulaziz H. , Altalhi Atheer A. , Amoodi Hosam A.
Published: September 2024

Objective

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of myringoplasty outcomes following platelet concentrates application in patients with chronic otitis media (COM).

Data Sources

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central register of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL). We also performed a manual search in Google Scholar and reference lists.

Review Methods

Eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials on COM patients undergoing myringoplasty with platelet concentrates (platelet‐rich plasma or platelet‐rich fibrin) compared to myringoplasty alone. The primary outcomes were graft uptake and air‐bone gap (ABG) gain, while the secondary outcome was complication rate. We used odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) to represent dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Results

Thirteen trials (n = 1179) were deemed eligible. Platelet concentrates significantly improved graft uptake after 6 months (OR: 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34‐4.47, P = .004, I2 = 0%, high certainty), ABG gain (SMD: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.55, P = .0002, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty), and complication rate (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.82, P = .01, I2 = 0%, low certainty).

Conclusion

Our results showed that platelet concentrates may improve graft uptake and ABG gain and reduce complications in COM patients undergoing myringoplasty. Caution is warranted given to the relatively small sample size, as well as inconsistent reporting across included trials.
Electronic senses and UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS combined with chemometrics analyses of Cynanchum species (Baishouwu)
Authors: Tang Junjie , Luo Man , Fei Xiaomeng , Qiu Rongli , Wang Mei , Gan Yifu , Qian Xudong , Zhang Daoguo , Gu Wei
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Baishouwu, derived from Cynanchum auriculatum (CA) Royle ex Wight, Cynanchum bungei (CB) Decne., and Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) (Maxim.) Hemsl., is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. CA is also recognized as a new food resource by China's National Health Commission. Given the considerable variations in flavor and chemical composition among these species and lack of their qualitative assessments, accurately differentiating between the species constituting Baishouwu is essential.

Objective

To develop a method combining electronic tongue (E‐tongue), electronic nose (E‐nose), and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) to differentiate between Baishouwu samples.

Material and methods

Fifteen batches of Baishouwu samples were analyzed using E‐tongue, E‐nose, and UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS. Flavor differences and key differential metabolites were determined through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.

Results

E‐tongue results revealed umami, sweetness, and richness as the predominant flavors of Baishouwu, with CA having the highest umami response, CW exhibiting the highest bitterness, and CB the highest sweetness. E‐nose sensors showed consistent responses across species, with variations in signal strength; W1W and W2W sensors showed the highest response values. A total of 158 and 41 characteristic variables in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively, were selected as candidate differential metabolites, of which 29 and 14 were confirmed through database comparison. Eight critical differential metabolites, including C21 steroids and acetophenone compounds, were identified.

Conclusion

This study presents a strategy for differentiating among the species constituting Baishouwu, providing a basis for broader application and establishing quality standards for these medicinal compounds.
Carbon nanotube manipulates crystallization kinetics and viscoelastic behavior of PP/EBC blends
Authors: Rajabifar Nariman , Yazdandoost Payam , Dastnaei Parnian Gholami , Rostami Amir
Published: September 2024

Polypropylene (PP) offers numerous benefits to industrial applications due to its excellent processability and cost‐effectiveness. However, the widespread utilization of this commodity thermoplastic is constrained by its inherently low‐impact resistance. Herein, we suggest a ternary system with the addition of ethylene‐butene copolymer (EBC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to improve the overall performance of PP. We unveil the role of MWCNTs on the crystalline behavior of the PP/EBC blends when various ratios are considered. The calculated half‐time crystallization from the Avrami equation indicates that 1.5 wt% MWCNTs accelerate the crystallization of the PP/EBC blend nearly threefold. The formation of a semisolid microstructure is also reported using the rheological measurements. An upturn in complex viscosity, along with a frequency‐independent storage modulus, indicates strong interactions between MWCNTs and polymer chains. We confirm such robust interactions by employing temperature ramp sweep on the prepared nanocomposites as the decomposition temperature of the materials shifts to higher values. The dynamic mechanical analysis further interprets the role of MWCNTs as compatibilizers by bridging the gap between the glassy temperature of PP and EBC components.

Highlights

Theoretical prediction of the MWCNTs localization in the PP/EBC blends.

Depicting the solid‐like behavior and viscosity upturn of PP/EBC/MWCNTs.

Decelerating polymer chain relaxation led by nucleation role of MWCNTs.

Formation of larger and more imperfect crystals upon the addition of MWCNTs.

Faster crystallization kinetics in the PP/EBC/MWCNTs nanocomposites.
Impact of Lattice Strain on the Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of CoAs3 Skutterudite Material
Authors: Mahi Fatma , Meghoufel Zahira Faïza , Mostefa Zohra , Kara Ilham , Boukra Abdelaziz
Published: September 2024

Using density functional theory (DFT) combined with semi‐classical Boltzmann transport theory, the electronic and thermoelectric properties of binary skutterudite CoAs3 material are investigated up to 30 GPa. Elastic properties calculations confirm the mechanical stability at 0 GPa and under varying hydrostatic pressures, with ductility influenced by pressure. To ensure dynamical stability, the phonon dispersion frequencies are computed at both 0 and 30 GPa. Electronic band structure calculations, using the GGA + TB‐mBJ approximation, indicate that CoAs3 initially exhibits a direct band gap at its equilibrium lattice constant, which shifts to become indirect under increasing pressure. To assess the impact of pressure on the thermoelectric properties of CoAs3, the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivities, and figure of merit (ZT) are calculated at pressures of 5, 10, 20, and 30 GPa for various temperatures (300, 600, 900, and 1200 K). These computations provide valuable insights into how varying pressures influence the material's thermoelectric performance. The optimal thermoelectric properties in CoAs3 material are achieved at 5 GPa and 1200 K for n‐doping (20 GPa and 600 K for p‐doping), with an ideal doping concentration of 1.5 × 1021 cm−3 (5.5 × 1018 cm−3). Under these conditions, the material reaches a high figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.52 for n‐doping and 0.49 for p‐doping. These findings underscore CoAs3 as a promising candidate for applications in energy harvesting and optoelectronic systems, showcasing its robust thermoelectric performance under precise pressure and temperature conditions.
Spectral signatures of soil horizons and soil orders from Wisconsin
Authors: Weerasekara Malithi , Hartemink Alfred E. , Zhang Yakun , Stevenson Annalisa
Published: September 2024

We used mid‐infrared (MIR) spectra (4000–600 cm−1) to identify and classify soil orders and soil horizons from 102 pedons across five soil orders (Alfisols, Entisols, Mollisols, Spodosols, and Histosols). The soils were analyzed for texture, total carbon, pH, and elemental properties. Random forest models were used to group the spectra of master horizons (O, A, E, B, and C), B horizons (Bs, Bt, and Bw), and the five soil orders. The prediction accuracies for the master horizons and B horizons were 0.81 and 0.89, respectively. The Kappa coefficient was 0.71 for the prediction of master horizons and 0.73 for the prediction of B horizons. The soil orders had an overall accuracy of 0.73 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.64. Histosols exhibited unique absorption characteristics at 2930 and 2860 cm−1 that differed distinctly from mineral soils. The MIR spectra accurately distinguished the O horizons. The spectral curve of topsoil of Spodosols was comparable to the O horizons. Spodosols under forest had A horizons with high organic matter and were classified accurately. Entisols (Psamments) displayed absorption peaks associated with sand, facilitating their differentiation from the other soil orders. The model struggled to discern subtle differences among some soil orders, and identification is hampered if soils undergo irreversible changes upon drying. However, our results showed that MIR spectra can be used for effectively identifying and classifying soil orders as well as soil horizons.
Identifying the mixed and forced convection flow with transverse magnetic field
Authors: Evcin Cansu
Published: September 2024

Optimal control of the steady, laminar, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid is considered under the effect of the transverse magnetic field in a square duct. The viscous and Joule dissipations are included and the flow is driven by a constant pressure gradient. The triple nonlinear set of momentum, induction, and energy equations are solved in dimensionless form by using the mixed finite element method (FEM) with the implementation of Newton's method for nonlinearity with the discretize‐then‐linearize approach. Accordingly, FEM solutions are obtained for various values of the problem parameters to ensure the efficiency of the underlying scheme. This study aims to investigate the problem of controlling the steady flow by using the physically significant parameters of the problem as control variables in the case of a mixed convection flow. In this respect, classification of the type of convection, forced or free, is achieved by controlling the Grashof number (Gr). Besides, single and pairwise controls with Hartmann number (M), Prandtl number (Pr), and magnetic Reynolds number (Rm) are also used to regain the prescribed fluid behaviors and required magnetic field. Control simulations are conducted with the sequential‐least‐squares‐programming (SLSQP) algorithm in the optimization.
The neural networking strategy results in the tri‐hybrid nanofluid flowing over a slippery flat plate to act as an antimicrobial agent through solar radiation
Authors: Ajmal Mohammad Rehan , Gul Taza , Almutairi Fahad M. , Wanees S. Abd El , Alhawiti Aliyah S. , Ayed Hamdi , Dilshad Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Hybrid nanofluids are employed to enhance the antibacterial effect produced by solar radiation. Antimicrobial properties are present in metal nanoparticles (such as silver, copper, or zinc) or metal oxides (such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide) when exposed to solar radiation. Nanomaterials that have antimicrobial properties are selected from the available literature. A solar sheet with an inclined plane has been chosen and filled with tri‐hybrid nanofluids (THNFs). Hybrid nanofluids including (CuO), Copper oxide, TiO2 (Titanium oxide), and SiO2 (Silicon dioxide), are selected from metal and metal oxide classes including water as a base fluid. The antimicrobial action caused by solar radiation is enhanced by the slip boundaries and variable porous space. The influence of flow and thermal fields on isotherms, velocities, flow lines, and Nusselt numbers are considered. The transformed system of differential equations is solved by the Control Volume Finite Element Method (CVFEM) and RK‐4 technique. The nanoparticulate volume fraction of CuO, TiO2, and SiO2 is largely responsible for the enhancement in the heat transfer rate (HT), as observed. Improved thermal performance is achieved through the flow of THNFs, which in turn acts as an antimicrobial agent. Increasing values of parameters lead to an improvement in the heat transfer rate, which in turn decreases microbial activity.
Two branches solutions for mixed convection flow of thermally Williamson nanofluid flow with heat transfer due to magnetized shrinking sheet
Authors: Al‐sawalha M. Mossa , Khan Zeeshan , Almheidat Maalee , Shah Rasool , Begum Nasra , Fathima Dowlath
Published: September 2024

The study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and thermal radiation over‐stretching and shrinking sheets has significant applications in a wide range of fields, from chemical manufacturing to transport engine cooling systems, electronic chip cooling, plasma, the nuclear‐powered sector, saltwater, etc. The present study aims to numerically and theoretically analyze the movement of thermally magnetized Williamson nanofluid owing to an extended/contracting sheet. The regulating flow equations are converted to self‐similar equations through similarity transformation, and then numerically solved by bvp4c using MATLAB software. A comparison of the present numerical study with the published study is quite impressive. The investigation demonstrates that the self‐similar equations disclose the two branches for the limited shrinking factor range. For the stretching case, only one solution exists. As a result, the most fundamentally feasible solution has been determined by the linear assessment of temporal stability. For the aim of stability analysis, the lowest eigenvalue sign indicates the stability or instability of a solution. Through stability analysis, it is witnessed that the first solution (first branch) is stable. Due to the presence of the Lorentz force effect, it is perceived that the velocity curves decline in the whole channel. The point to be noted here is that the velocity of the lower branch compared to the upper branch is higher. The reduced Skin Friction is increased in the first branch and declines in the second branch for the two different values of magnetic factor.
AI-Powered Microscopy Platform for Airborne Biothreat Detection
Authors: Pálhalmi János , Mező Anna
Published: September 2024

Because Bacillus anthracis is one of the most lethal bioweapons, it is critical to create rapid, label-free screening and early warning systems to detect and classify anomalies in bacillus form vegetative cell and spore concentrations in the air. Even though significant effort has been invested in the development of various sensor solutions to detect, monitor, and identify airborne biological agents, no standard, interoperable, real-time or near-real-time optical sensor-based biothreat monitoring solution exists. Aside from the numerous advantages of genomic methods in microbe identification, optical sensors and microscopy-based technologies provide advantages in terms of rapid detection and classification capabilities. The AI-powered biothreat detection software platform from DataSenseLabs can perform intermethod comparison to cross-validate the results acquired by various quantitative phase imaging (QPI) measurement methodologies. This platform feature—support for multisensory data input—is not merely the foundation of the R&D level cross-validation approach, but also the key component of interoperable verification of air sample content in the case of airborne biothreat. Depending on the study design, sample type, and light microscopic or QPI measurement method, the platform’s algorithm system can detect and monitor abnormalities in the concentration of bacillus form objects taken from the air with greater than 80–95% accuracy. Another goal of the platform is to serve as a standardized tool for biomedical, environmental, and CBRN scientists to train and validate their concepts in pathogen detection and classification use cases, allowing them to better understand the gaps and challenges associated with artificial intelligence-powered optical sensor systems.