bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POSISI WANITA PADA HUKUM HINDU DALAM SISTEM VIVAHA SAMSKARA
Authors: Martha Wayan
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini berupaya menjelaskan tentang posisi wanita pada hukum Hindu khususnya dalam sistem Vivaha Samskara. Posisi wanita selalu harus terjaga, terlindungi, terawat dan terpelihara. Sejak perempuan (wanita) masih bayi sampai ia menjadi dewasa ia dipelihara oleh orang tuanya, sejak sudah menikah ia dipelihara suaminya dan setelah sudah tua ia dipelihara oleh anak-anaknya. Jadi wanita selalu dalam posisi dijaga ekstra ketat, tidak terlalu memberikan kebebasan dengan alasan yang sangat logis, wanita selalu dalam posisi tereksploitasi, termarginalkan dan menanggung beban, ujung-ujungnya yang kena getah pasti wanita. Dalam keaadan demikian wanita selalu menjaga kehormatannya (pativrata), menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban (sadvi) serta keharuman nama keluarga (kirtim).
TINJAUAN HUKUM ADAT BALI TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PERKAWINAN NYEBURIN
Authors: Artatik I.G.A
Published: December 2019

Perkawinan nyeburin adalah nama jenis atau bentuk perkawinan menurut adat dan agama Hindu di Bali dimana si wanita berstatus sebagai purusa yang ditetapkan sebagai sentana rajeg dan si pria selaku predana keluar dari rumpun keluarga asalnya dan melakukan (mecebur) atau masuk kedalam lingkungan keluarga istrinya. Upacara perkawinan secara agama Hindu akan dapat dilaksanakan bilamana kedua mempelai beragama Hindu. Jika sebelumnya salah seorang dari mempelai itu tidak beragama Hindu, maka kepada yang bersangkutan wajib mengikuti upacara Sudhi Wadani. Tanpa upacara ini, menurut hukum Agama Hindu maupun secara administrative perkawinan itu tidak dapat dilangsungkan, karena setiap perkawinan menurut agama Hindu akan sah bila sebelumnya kedua mempelai beragama Hindu.
PEREMPUAN DAN TANTRAYANA
Authors: Budi Utama I Wayan , Paramita I Gusti Agung , Winarti Ni Nyoman Sri
Published: December 2019

Tantrayana adalah salah satu mazab Hindu yang telah berkembang di India sekitar tahun 600 M, selanjutnya menyebar sampai ke Indonesia. Masyarakat awam sering memberikan stigma  ajaran ini adalah ajaran sesat karena melegalkan penggunaan daging, alkohol serta hubungan seksual dalam ritualnya, serta memposisikan perempuan sebagai subordinat laki-laki. Kajian terhadap kitab-kitab Tantra menunjukkan bahwa Tantrayana sangat menghormati perempuan dan anak-anak. Praktik ritual yang masih berlanjut hingga saat ini di Bali  memperkuat argument tersebut. Dewa dan Sakti-Nya, laki-perempuan, purusa-pradhana dilihat sebagai dualitas bukanlah oposisi biner yang bersifat hirarkhis. Konsep ini rupanya sejalan dengan konsep  pengarus-utamaan  gender dewasa ini.
INTERPRETASI NILAI FILOSOFIS TEKS SRI JAYAKASUNU
Authors: DIRA ANAK AGUNG GEDE , JULIANTARA I WAYAN WAHYU
Published: December 2019

Ajaran agama Hindu di Bali bersumber dari karya sastra tradisional. Karya sastra merupakan sumber yang tertulis dalam mengetahui ajaran keagamaan. Dalam penelitian ini karya sastra Sri Jayakasunu digunakan sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan dan metode wawancara. Dalam teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskritif, yaitu mendeskripsikan secara sistematis dalam menyusun dengan aturan-aturan tertentu. Hasil penyajian analisis penelitian ini membahas tentang beberapa hal, yaitu interpretasi nilai filosofis dari teks Sri Jayakasunu dan relevasnsinya terhadap hari raya Galungan adalah a) nilai kebenaran (tatwa) yang mana menunjukan bahwa konsep dari Panca Sradha harus selalu digunakan sebagai landasan kehidupan didunia. b) nilai kesusilaan yang selalu melaksanakan konsep Tri Kaya Parisudha, dan dalam implementasinya kepada Tri Hita Karana; dan c) nilai acara (upacara) sebagai sarana mewujudkan syukur dan bakti kepada Tuhan dengan jalan melaksanakan kegiatan Yadnya.
К ПРОБЛЕМЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОСТИ В ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ
Authors: Лукашев А. А.
Published: December 2019

В статье рассматривается признак комплексности финансово-правового регулирова­ния. Принципиальной особенностью финансовых отношений является их имущественная природа, которая выражает динамизм, как в движении специфической формы имущества — денежных средств, так и специфического собственника — государственного об­разования. Наличие единой однородной системы финансово-правовой отрасли не исклю­чает комплексных образований в пределах финансового законодательства. Признак комплексности не может быть присущим отрасли права с точки зрения самой природы этого явления. Комплексность может быть присущей законодательству, поскольку речь идет о принципиальном отличии от права.

 

The article is devoted to the problem of complex character of financial regulation. The principal feature of the financial relationship is its proprietary nature, which expresses the dynamism, both in the movement of a specific form of property — money and a specific owner — state entity. The presence of a single congeneric system of financial law branch doesn't preclude complex formations within the financial legislation. A branch of law can not have complex nature because of the nature of this phenomenon. Legislation may have complex character, because in this case it fundamentally differs from law.
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИОКРЕМЛЕННЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ «ТВОРЧІ ПРАВОВІДНОСИНИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ»
Authors: Харитонова О. І.
Published: December 2019

Питання охорони прав інтелектуальної власності є на сьогоднішній день дуже акту­альним та, на жаль, недостатньо розробленим. Аспекти, розглянуті в даній статті, дають підстави розрізняти види цивільних правовідносин інтелектуальної власності на ав­торські правовідносини; правовідносини, суміжні з авторськими; правовідносини промис­лової власності; правовідносини, суміжні з правовідносинами промислової власності; індивідуалізаційні правовідносини інтелектуальної власності (правовідносини індивідуа­лізації). Даний розподіл дозволяє охопити всі сфери суспільного життя інституту права інтелектуальної власності. 

 

Intellectual rights protection is an urgent, but unfortunately not well developed issue today. The aspects, which have been considered in this article, provide a basis for distinguishing between different types of intellectual legal relationships, such as author and allied legal relationships, industrial property and allied legal relationships, identifying intellectual property legal relationships (legal relationships of identification). This classification integrates all the social spheres of intellectual property law institute.
ПРО ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СПОСОБІВ ЗАХИСТУ ПОРУШЕНОГО ПРАВА (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВИМОГ ПРО ВИЗНАННЯ ПРАВА ВЛАСНОСТІ У ЗАСТАВНИХ ВІДНОСИНАХ)
Authors: Подцерковний О. П.
Published: December 2019

У статті досліджують правові проблеми, що виникають при обранні способів захисту порушеного права, на прикладі вимог про визнання права власності кредитора при зверненні стягнення на заставне майно боржника. Зроблено висновок про необхідність узагальнення критеріїв обрання способів захисту та покращення якості тлумачення положень законодавства у цій сфері.

 

The paper investigates the legal issues arising from the choice of ways to protect the violated rights, for example in the requirements for recognition of ownership by the lender foreclose on the collateral of the debtor. It is concluded that the election of a generalized criterion ways of protection and improving quality of the law interpretation in this area to be needed.
ПРАВО ВЛАСНОСТІ ТА КОРИСТУВАННЯ НА ЗЕМЛЯХ ЛІСОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Каракаш І. І.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглядаються питання права власності на землі лісогосподарського призна­чення та правове регулювання їх використання на власницьких засадах та засадах природокористування. На підставі порівняльного аналізу відповідних положень земель­ного та лісового законодавства щодо правового режиму лісових земель та правового ре­гулювання основних видів лісокористування виявлені певні суперечності та неузгодже­ності між земельно-правовими та лісо-правовими нормами. Вносяться конкретні пропо­зиції щодо їх усунення шляхом внесення відповідних змін і доповнень до Земельного та Лісового кодексів.

 

The questions of ownership of forest land and regulation of their use on proprietary basis and principles of nature. A comparative analysis of the relevant provisions of the land and forest legislation on the legal regime of forest lands and the legal regulation of the main types of forest found some contradictions and inconsistencies between land and forest-legal rules of law. Made specific proposals to address them by making appropriate amendments to the Land and Forest Codes.
Prediction of Handsheet Tensile Strength by Computational Simulation of Structure
Authors: VINCENT RÉMI , RUEFF MARTINE , VOILLOT CHRISTIAN
Published: December 2019

To better understand the influence of fiber morphology on paper properties, we developed a novel 3-D computational simulator of paper structure, which was validated through experimental work. This simulator creates virtual pieces of handsheets using the size distributions of the fibers as the main inputs. Once the structure is generated, physical properties can be assessed. The main principles of the simulation and the results for one global texture property, the apparent density, were presented in a previous paper. In this paper, we focus on the prediction of the tensile breaking strength, the most commonly used physical property for paper characterization. The model is based on the model developed by Shallhorn and Karnis, which was adapted to take into account the fiber morphological distributions. It was successfully applied in the absence of fiber breaks during the test and validated with the 10 pulps used in the first part of the study.
Papermaking Potential of Novel Structured PCC Fillers with Enhanced Refractive Index
Authors: KOIVUNEN KIMMO , PAULAPURO HANNU
Published: December 2019

While much effort has been focused on optical properties imparted by particle size distribution, shape, and packing of inorganic particles, the refractive index contrasts within the paper matrix have received less attention. PCC fillers can be used as tools for increasing the refractive index contrast, which further improves paper optical properties. We studied the papermaking potential of novel PCC fillers with an enhanced refractive index. PCC samples were fabricated by conventional carbonation method in the presence of refractive-index enhancing additives. We had previously found that introduction of ZnO as fine spots, including nano-sized structures, on host PCC surfaces improved the effective refractive index and optical performance of PCC. Now, we have studied the papermaking potential of this approach in experiments with handsheets using moderate Zn modification. In addition to Zn, we studied the effect of Sr as an additive and found that Sr inclusion alters the host particle morphology and crystal structure. We report effects of such modifications on light scattering coefficient, brightness, opacity, tensile strength, bulk, and porosity of paper, both before and after calendering. Our results suggest beneficial optical properties, as well as combination of light scattering with strength properties, especially in the case of Sr modified filler. Zn modified fillers opened the sheet structure, while Sr structuring closed the sheets. Calendering resulted in reduced bulk with all fillers, while optical properties were maintained with the Sr modified PCC, but reduced benefit was observed in the combination of light scattering and strength. Calendering conditions should therefore be optimized for these fillers. A higher modification degree of the fillers should also be considered to achieve a more significant refractive index contrast.
Characterization of Anthocephalus Cadamba and its Delignification by Kraft Pulping
Authors: LAL MOHAN , DUTT DHARM , TYAGI C. H. , UPADHYAY J. S. , UPADHYAY SIDDHARTHA
Published: December 2019

Anthocephalus cadamba is a fast-growing deciduous tropical hardwood with anatomical, morphological, and chemical characteristics that make it suitable for pulp production. The fibers are short but fiber width, cell wall thickness, and rigidity coefficient of A. cadamba are comparable to those of softwoods such as Pinus kesiya and Picea abies. Due to low lignin and high holocellulose contents, A. cadamba produces high pulp yield at milder cooking conditions. We studied the effect of sulfidity, cooking time, and temperature on pulp yield and kappa number during kraft pulping. The effect of ageing on pulp yield, kappa number, and viscosity indicated that 4-year-old A. cadamba is suitable for pulp production and produces optimal strength properties at 44 Schopper-Riegler degree (°SR).
Nonprocess-element control in the liquor cycle using an ash leaching system
Authors: HART PETER W. , LINDSTROM MATHIAS E. , COLSON GARY W. , WILEY GEORGE M.
Published: December 2019

To lengthen run time between washes and reduce thermal cycling of the recovery boiler, the Evadale, Texas, mill has been attempting to reduce the levels of nonprocess elements (NPEs) in the liquor cycle. The mill has periodically purged electrostatic precipitator ash in an effort to reduce and control potassium (K) and chloride (Cl) concentrations. Additional efforts to lower chloride concentrations involved changing the makeup chemical from diaphragm- to membrane-grade caustic and improving the operation of the chlorine dioxide generator spent acid salt filter. The change in makeup chemical NPE content successfully reduced the amount of boiler plugging due to sticky ash formation, but did not provide the desired amount of time between boiler washes. In an effort to further reduce the amounts of potassium and chloride in the liquor cycle, an ash leaching system was installed. The leaching system partially dissolves precipitator ash in hot water. The potassium and chloride are selectively leached into the liquid phase and remain in solution. Sodium sulfate crystals are separated from the leaching slurry using a decanting centrifuge and returned to the liquor cycle via a mix tank. The potassium- and chloride-rich liquid is sewered. Since the implementation of these nonprocess-element reduction methods, the chloride content of the incoming electrostatic precipitator ash has been reduced by roughly 55% and the potassium content by approximately 50%. Approximately 80% of the soda entering the ash leaching process is recovered into the liquor cycle.
المرابحات الدولية في المصارف الإسلامية
Authors: Hasan Jamma Ibrahim
Published: December 2019

تكمن مشكلة الدراسة في أن المرابحات الدولية في المصارف الإسلامية رغم التوسع في استخدامها كصيغة تمويلية إلا أن تعقد آلياتها وارتباطها بمنظومات تعامل دولية يجعل من تفصيلاتها محل إشكال وجدل من الناحية الشرعية لدى الكثيرين سواء من خلال النظر إلى أصول تلك الصيغة أو بالنظر في الواقع التطبيقي لها أو من خلال تحقيقها الأهداف المصرفية الإسلامية. وتهدف الدراسة إلى بيان الأحكام الشرعية التفصيلية لهذه الصيغة وتطبيقاتها في المصارف الإسلامية في محاولة للتقييم. واستندت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي في تتبع أقوال الفقهاء حول تفصيلات المعاملات، وعلى المنهج الوصفي في إيضاح آلية التطبيق. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج والتوصيات من أهمها: وجود بعض الملاحظات الشرعية أثناء تطبيق صيغة المرابحات الدولية في بعض المصارف الإسلامية. أهمية التوعية للهيئات الشرعية بتفاصيل المنتجات المالية وإجراءاتها التنفيذية وصولاً لإبداء الرأي الشرعي الصحيح. ضرورة مراقبة المنتجات المالية من الناحية الشرعية في كل مراحلها ضماناً للمشروعية، وتفعيل دور الرقابة الشرعية في المصارف الإسلامية. تفعيل دور الإدراءات التجارية في المصارف الإسلامية للقيام بالدور الرسالي في الإشراف على السياسة التمويلية في المراباحات الدولية لتحقيق أهداف المصرف الإسلامي.
Investing in Shares From an Islamic Point View
Authors: Nafeel Mahboob Mohamed
Published: December 2019

Consecutive shortcomings and failures of financial markets along with the moral hazards have created a demand for an alternative system for financial markets in both the Muslims and non-Muslim secular societies in the West and East. The paper investigates possibility of applying Islamic finance principles on investment opportunities available to Muslim communities living in either Muslim or non-Muslim countries which are predominated by conventional secular systems economically and financially, it takes stock of the views of contemporary scholars regarding the consistency of Islamic finance principles for investing in shares of joint stock companies, it examines the roles that had been played by Islamic finance and Shari
ضرورة إنشاء سوق للأوراق المالية – تجربة سوق رأس المال الإسلامي في ماليزيا
Authors: Al-Ayyashi Zerzar
Published: December 2019

لقد شهد النصف الأخير من القرن العشرين تجارب مهمة في مسيرة الاقتصاد الإسلامي حيث كانت بدايات إنشاء المصارف الإسلامية فضلاً عن تحول بعض المصارف التقليدية للنظام المصرفي الإسلامي، كما اتجهت بعض الدول الإسلامية إلى إنشاء نظام مالي ومصرفي إسلامي مثل ماليزيا التي كان لها السبق بإنشاء أول نواة سوق رأسمال إسلامي في الأقطار الإسلامية. واستنتج البحث أن سوق رأس المال الإسلامي في ماليزيا يختلف عن السوق التقليدي اختلافاً تاماً في جوانب متعددة، حيث تطور هذا السوق جنباً إلى جنب مع السوق التقليدي، وتحاول الحكومة الماليزية لاسيما وزارة المالية الماليزية تطوير سوق رأس المال الإسلامي ليصبح مركزاً دولياً لسوق رأس المال الإسلامي ويصبح هذا السوق بديلاً من السوق التقليدي الحالي ونموذجاً للمستثمرين، والوسطاء الماليين، والشركات التي تحتاج إلى مصادر تمويل متوافقة مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية.
Elements constituting the best practice of Shari’ah governance in Islamic Finance
Authors: Muslehuddin Musab Mohammed
Published: December 2019

The practice of Islamic Finance Institutions (IFIs) at global level, so far and so on, has come up with multiple and variant models of Shari
تجربة بنك فيصل الإسلامي السُّوداني في تمويل المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة
Authors: Al-Shareef Muhammad
Published: December 2019

تُعرَّف المخاطر على أنها انحراف العوائد المتوقعة عن العوائد الفعلية المحققة، وعلى ذلك يستدعي فهم مخاطر أي أداة فهم طبيعة العوائد التي يمكن أن تنتج عنها، وانطلاقاً من هذا المدخل، ابتدأت هذه الورقة البحثية من فهم طبيعة الأدوات المالية الإسلامية، والعوائد التي تنتج عن كل أداة، ومن ثم المخاطر التي تكتنف كل أداة، وقد تبين لنا من البحث أن الأدوات المالية الإسلامية تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام هي: الأدوات المالية القائمة على أصول، وتشمل المرابحة والسَّلَم والاستصناع والإجارة، والأدوات المالية القائمة على المشاركة في الأرباح والخسائر التي تشمل المشاركة والمضاربة، وأخيراً الصكوك (بما فيها الصناديق الإسلامية). وتواجه أدوات التمويل الإسلامية نفس مخاطر الأدوات المالية التقليدية، غير أن الفرق بينهما هو في طريقة ظهور تلك المخاطر، وكيفية تأثيرها، ودرجاتها، كما تواجه الأدوات الإسلامية مجموعة من التحديات عند إدارة مخاطرها؛ أهمها عدم إمكانية الاستفادة من كثير من تقنيات التحوط التقليدية لانطوائها على الربا أو الغرر. الكلمات المفتاحية: التمويل الإسلامي، المخاطر المالية، الأدوات المالية، المشتقات المالية، التحوط
Epidemiology and Genotyping of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Genotype Shifting Observed in Patients from Central Europe
Authors: BISSINGER ALFRED L. , FEHRLE CHRISTOF , WERNER CHRISTOPH R. , LAUER ULRICH M. , MALEK NISAR P. , BERG CHRISTOPH P.
Published: December 2019

Background: Knowledge on HBV prevalence and genotype distribution in Europe still is hampered by lack of coherent data sampling, small numbers of patients studied so far, and also modern times migration which influences both parameters in a quite dynamic manner. To find out whether HBV prevalence and genotype distribution has undergone any significant changes over the past decades, we have analyzed our cohort of HBV patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of virological data and correlation with the epidemiological backgrounds of 408 chronically HBV-infected patients, followed in the year 2009 at Tübingen Virus Hepatitis Center, Germany. Results: A background of migration was found in more than 80% of our HBV patients, displaying an origin from 41 different countries. Analysis of the genotypes revealed that genotype A predominated only among patients from Central Europe with 55.8% while genotype D, known to be most common worldwide, was most prevalent in patients born in Eastern and Southern Europe, Central Asia and Middle East, exhibiting a range from 81% to 94%. In Central Europe, genotype A was particularly seen in older patients as compared to genotype D that predominated in the younger patients. Conclusions: These data suggest that Central Europe is straight on its way to switch from genotype A to genotype D. One reason for this significant shift may be related to the ongoing European and global migration flow.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of two species of Lamiaceae against phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: GORMEZ ARZU , BOZARI SEDAT , YANMIS DERYA , GULLUCE MEDİNE , SAHIN FİKRETTİN , AGAR GULERAY
Published: December 2019

In this study, we aimed to determine chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Satureja hortensis and Calamintha nepeta against to 20 phytopathogenic bacteria causing serious crop loss. The essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta were isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils were evaluated against 20 phytopathogenic bacteria through Disc diffusion assay and micro dilution assay. The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the findings of the study are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.
Bacterial diversity and abundance in shell biofilms from the freshwater snail Pleurocera canaliculatum
(cerithioidea: Pleuroceridae)
Authors: MINTON RUSSELL L. , CREECH CLINTON C. , JACKSON DEBRA W.
Published: December 2019

Mollusk shells provide a hard substrate for aquatic biofilm colonization. While most work has focused on bivalve shells and grazing, little work has focused on gastropod shells and the microbes growing on them. We sampled biofilms from 14 Pleuroceracanaliculatum and analyzed them using a metagenomic approach. Microbial diversity varied between individuals, and rarefaction suggested that 63 snails would need to be sampled to capture all of the estimated genus-level diversity. Cyanobacteria and species of Novosphingobium and Methylosoma were the most abundant taxa across all shells.
ANALISIS MEDAN LISTRIK YANG DIPRODUKSI OLEH PRELIMINARY BREAKDOWN PADA PETIR NEGATIF AWAN KE BUMI
Authors: Yandra Fadli Eka
Published: December 2019

The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the benefits of the analysis of Power Spectrum Density (PSD) to observe the change of the electric field at intermediate negative lightning cloud to ground (CG) and terminology-intermediate breakdown-leader (BIL) before turning the struck first. Analysis was done on data 74 occurrence of lightning in the city of Padang, with terminology BIL. Time domain analysis time – frequency of use applications Short Time Fourier Trasnform (STFT), then the results of the analysis time domain – frequency domain analysis compared with the time. The basis of the use of the STFT is the calculation of Spektogram.  Time domain analysis of results time – frequency domain analysis against the difference obtained by time, where for data with sampling rate 1 MS/s (low resolution) in the domain of time, does not happen much changes compared data with sampling rate 25 MS/s (high resolution), high resolution spectrum due to clearer spectrum amplitude frequency. Different the results of the calculation phase BIL with time domain data will look on the lightning with a time limit of occurrence of short or Intermediate phase on the value of the voltage E smaller, because it forms the lower wave recording-amplitudo, so can be seen clearly the difference phases of BIL is happening. Keyword: Preliminary Breakdown, Intermediate Duration, phase based on Power Spectrum Density BIL.
Penyusunan Status Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produksi Biomassa di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Suzana Asih
Published: December 2019

Tanah merupakan sumberdaya alam yang memiliki peran strategis dalam kehidupan masyarakat sepanjang masa. Kerusakan tanah dapat disebabkan oleh sifat alami tanah, dapat pula disebabkan oleh kegiatan manusia yang menyebabkan tanah tersebut terganggu/rusak sehingga tidak mampu lagi berfungsi untuk mendukung produktivitasnya. Kegiatan biomassa yang memanfatkan tanah dan sumberdaya alam lainnya yang tidak terkendali dan tidak memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip konservasi dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan tanah, sehingga menurunkan mutu dan fungsinya yang pada akhirnya dapat mengancam kelangsungan kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 150 tahun 2000 tentang Pengendalian Kerusakan Tanah untuk Biomassa. Terbitnya PP No. 150 Tahun 2000 tersebut telah ditindaklanjuti dengan terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 7 Tahun 2006 tentang Tata Cara Pengukuran Kriteria Baku Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produksi Biomassa. Kriteria baku yang digunakan untuk menentukan status kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa didasarkan pada parameter kunci sifat dasar tanah, yang mencakup sifat fisik, sifat kimiawi dan sifat biologi tanah. Dengan mengetahui sifat dasar suatu tanah maka dapat ditentukan status kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tersedianya Dokumen Kajian Status Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produksi Biomassa di Wilayah Sub-DAS Cirasea Kabupaten Bandung.
Estimation of Link Choice Probabilities Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Authors: Seger Mundher Ali , Kisgyörgy Lajos
Published: December 2019

Studying the uncertainty of traffic flow takes significant importance for the transport planners because of the variation and fluctuation of temporal traffic flow on all links of the transport network. Uncertainty analysis of traffic flow requires identifying and characterizing two sets of parameters. The first set is the link choice set, which involves the Origin-Destination pairs using this link. The second set is the link choice probabilities set, which includes proportions of the travel demand for the Origin-Destination pairs in the link choice set. For this study, we developed a new methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation for link choice set and link choice probabilities in the context of route choice modeling. This methodology consists of two algorithms: In the first algorithm, we used the sensitivity analysis technique the variance-based method to identify the set of Origin-Destination pairs in each link. In the second algorithm, we used a Gaussian process based on the Maximum Likelihood framework to estimate the link choice probabilities. Furthermore, we applied the proposed methodology in a case study over multiple scenarios representing different traffic flow conditions. The results of this case study show high precision results with low errors' variances.The key contributions of this paper: First, the link choice set can be detected by using sensitivity analysis. Second, the link choice probabilities can be determined by solving an optimization problem in the Maximum likelihood framework. Finally, the prediction errors' parameters of traffic assignment model can be modeled as a Gaussian process.
Психологічні особливості переживання травмуючих подій дітьми на різних етапах онтогенезу
Authors: Кім Оксана
Published: December 2019

У статті розглядаються психологічні особливості переживання травмуючих подій дітьми на різних етапах онтогенезу. Актуальність обґрунтовано через розуміння того, що психологічна травма, викликана травмуючими подіями, може істотно порушити весь подальший хід психологічного і психічного розвитку дитини, привести до особистісної дезадаптації та виникненню різних психогенних розладів. На основі аналізу наукової літератури з’ясувати психологічні особливості переживання травмуючих подій дітьми на різних етапах онтогенезу. Для проведення дослідження застосовано методи теоретичного аналізу та узагальнення наукових джерел з проблеми переживання травмуючих подій дітьми на різних етапах онтогенезу. З’ясовано, що переживання дитиною травмуючих подій є специфічним і відбивається в усіх сферах її функціонування: емоційній, соматичній, когнітивній і поведінковій. Наведено особливості і представлена стисла характеристика найбільш характерних симптомів переживання травмуючих подій у дітей на різних етапах онтогенезу. Визначено основні напрямки і методи психокорекційної роботи з дітьми, які зазнали впливу психотравмуючих подій.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL WITH FUTURE’S EDUCATORS
Authors: Genç Murat , Akilli Mustafa
Published: December 2019

It is important to create positive attitudes and enough knowledge for preservice science teachers about renewable energy for future. The aim of this research was to show the correlation between renewable energy knowledge and sub-dimensions of attitude towards renewable energy with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research was conducted by the analysis of 1145 pre-service teachers’ answers to questionnaires data using SEM. Two questionnaires used for data collection which first was renewable energy knowledge scale that Cronbach’s alpha was .82 and the second was renewable energy attitude scale that Cronbach’s alpha was .87. Initially, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests were done with SPSS to test appropriateness of subdimensions to factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was done for the subdimensions that were seen to be suitable for factor analysis and then structural model was tested with LISREL. At the end of the SEM test, it was found that there are positive relations between renewable energy knowledge of preservice teachers and their attitudes towards renewable energy. The more knowledge and attitudes about renewable energy can be improved, the more positive attitudes and behaviors will be provided to individuals and the efficient use of renewable energy types will be realized.
Keywords: renewable energy knowledge, attitude towards renewable energy, structural equation modelling, preservice science teachers.
THE IMPACTS OF A MARINE SCIENCE BOARD GAME ON MOTIVATION, INTEREST, AND ACHIEVEMENT IN MARINE SCIENCE LEARNING
Authors: Lin Yen-Ling , Huang Shu Wen , Chang Cheng-Chieh
Published: December 2019

This research sought to explore how teaching utilizing a marine science-related board game affected students’ motivation, interest, and achievement in marine science learning at the high school level. The research utilized an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements and a classroom setting, and included an experimental group containing 25 students and a control group containing 26 students. The experiment was carried out over the course of 12 lessons, with various questionnaires, including a marine science learning motivation (MSLM) inventory, a marine science learning interest (MSLI) inventory, and a marine science learning achievement (MSLA) inventory, being used as the measurement instruments. The research analysed the students’ scores on these inventories using one-way analysis of ANCOVA. The main results of this research were as follows: 1) with regard to the MSLM inventory, the ‘relevance’, ‘confidence’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups; 2) with regard to the MSLI inventory, the ‘cognitions regarding marine science’ were significantly different between the two groups; and 3) with regard to the MSLA, all of the dimensions including ‘memory’, ‘understanding’, ‘high-level thinking’, and ‘total score’ were significantly different between the two groups.
Keywords: board game teaching, learning interest, learning motivation, marine education, science education.
Continuity with the Past and Uncertainty for the Future
Authors: Reintoft Christensen Henrik
Published: December 2019

The article examines the newspaper constructions of religion in Danishnewspapers in a quantitative longitudinal analysis from 1750 to 2000and a more qualitative analysis of recent news production from thelast forty years. For the longitudinal part, the database of the digitization of Danish newspapers project is used. Using the available toolsfor quantitative data analysis, the article shows that the category ofreligion and world religions has been visible in Danish newspaperssince 1750. The coverage of world religions is often related to thecoverage of international news. Overall, the article documents a remarkable continuity of the presence of religion. Examining the morerecent material qualitatively, the article shows that although manyreligions have been historically visible in the news, they have mostrecently become more frequent in the debate sections than in thenews sections. It is primarily Islam that is debated. This is connectedwith a shift from religious diversity as part of foreign news coverageto domestic news coverage, related to changes in the surroundingDanish society. Nevertheless, the coverage of Islam also displays aremarkable continuity.
From Lutheran Dominance to Diversity
Authors: Taira Teemu
Published: December 2019

This article examines religion in Finnish newspapers, arguing thatreligion-related discourses have changed from one of Lutheran dominance to one of diversity. The main data consists of a longitudinalsample (1946–2016) of the most popular Finnish newspaper, HelsinginSanomat, and especially of its editorials and readers’ letters. Additionaldata covers a wider variety of newspapers from the 1990s to 2018. Thedata is analysed using quantitative content analysis and a discursiveapproach. It will be suggested that it is possible to discuss diversityboth as an emergent discourse and a theme in the Finnish media sincethe mid-1990s, thereby overcoming earlier frameworks that took Lutheranism for granted or gave it a special role in the private sphere.The analysis shows that these shifts do not provide clear support forthe idea that newspapers and journalism are anti-religious; rather, itsuggests that they may be understood as having a ‘liberalizing’ effect,especially when religious values are not seen as compatible with thoseof journalists and newspapers.
Incorporating competition factors in a mixed-effect model with random effects of site quality for individual tree above-ground biomass growth of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis
Authors: Nong Mingchuan , Leng Yan , Xu Hui , Li Chao , Ou Guanglong
Published: December 2019

Background: Accurate biomass estimation has critical effects on quantifying carbon stocks and sequestration rates, and above-ground biomass (AGB) growth models are a key component of tree biomass estimation. The study objective was to develop a growth model for AGB of an individual tree by combining competition factors and site quality using a mixed-effect model.

Methods: The AGB of 128 sampling trees was investigated for Simao pine (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis) at three typical sites near Pu’er City of Yunnan Province, China. Richards’ Equation was used for the basic growth model (BM) of the AGB, and a mixed-effect model with random effect of site quality (MEM) based on BM and a mixed-effect model with fixed effect of competition factors (MEMC) based on MEM were built using S-plus.

Results: Both mixed-effect models are significantly better than the basic model in fitting and predicting the individual tree AGB growth for Simao pine, but the MEM is better than the MEMC. Moreover, the mixed-effect model with competition factors and site quality is the optimal estimation model due to its highest prediction precision (P=86.08%) as well as the lowest absolute average relative error (RMA=54.34%) and average relative error (EE =6.45%).

Conclusion: A model including site quality and competition factors can be used to improve the tree AGB growth estimation for the individual tree AGB growth of Simao pine.
THE VICTORY OF SOLIDARISM IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE CASE STUDY OF FOREST FIRES AND TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yani Yanyan Mochammad
Published: December 2019

Solidarism and pluralism are key concepts of English School theory. Solidarism have many differences with pluralism which sometimes contradicting each other. Solidarism has inspired many international projects in dealing with many international problems including Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in the context of forest fires and transboundary haze in Indonesia. Solidarists perceived that RSPO is an effective solution in combatting forest fires and transboundary haze in Indonesia. This article would like to question the hegemony of solidarism in global governance with the case study of RSPO in mitigating forest fires and transboundary haze in Indonesia.

This articles has three findings. Firstly, RSPO as solidarism projects has its advantages and weaknesses that need for constant reform and revision. Secondly, pluralism is not neglecting the global governance as there is ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution that combined global governance with sustainable development and legitimacy. Thirdly, the rivalry of solidarism and pluralism can be neatly put under the heading of global governance.

 

Keywords: pluralism, solidarism, English School, forest fires, transboundary haze

 

 

Abstrak

 

Solidarisme dan pluralisme adalah konsep penting dalam teori English School. Solidarisme memiliki banyak perbedaan yang bertolak belakang dengan pluralisme. Solidarisme telah mendorong pelaksanaan berbagai inisiatif sebagai solusi dari berbagai masalah internasional termasuk Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) dalam konteks mitigasi kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran udara di Indonesia. Solidarisme mengajukan hegemoni global governance yang ditunjukkan dalam dukungan penuh terhadap RSPO di dalam mencegah terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran udara di Indonesia. Artikel ini hendak mengkritisi hegemoni solidarisme dalam global governance melalui studi kasus RSPO dalam mitigasi kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran udara di Indonesia.

Penelitian ini memiliki tiga kesimpulan. Pertama, RSPO sebagai salah satu inisiatif solidarisme memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan yang memerlukan reformasi dan revisi konstan. Kedua, pluralisme memiliki analisis yang mendalam terkait global governance dengan studi ratifikasi ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution oleh Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Ketiga, rivalitas antara pluralisme dan solidarisme dapat dipersatukan dalam sebuah konsep global governance.

 

Kata kunci: pluralisme, solidarisme, English School, kebakaran hutan, pencemaran udara.
THE ROLE OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN COUNTERING TERRORISM: THE CASE OF TELEGRAM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Irawan Risnanda P. , Altakwa Fahri S. , Pakpahan Victoria M.
Published: December 2019

In this globalization era, there are new emerging actors especially in international trade which is the multinational corporations (MNCs). On the other side, there is terrorism which has evolved throughout history. It is perceived that globalization and international trade can be a factor of terrorist establishment, while massive destructions by terrorism is crucial as a factor for the international business and multinational corporations to operate. One of the product by multinational corporations is in social media sector, and nowadays,terrorist also can use the social media to recruit their member which challenging multinational corporations. In explaining this phenomenon, this paper will use the case study of Telegram in Indonesia. This paper will cover the correlations between terrorism and MNCs, the particular case study of Telegram, and addressing the role of MNCs in countering terrorism through qualitative data gathered from various books, journals, and news. In conclusion, the MNCs should play role as a proactive approach in the long term to counter terrorism through cooperation with government and its own strategic commitment in contributing to a secure society.

 

Keywords: Multinational Corporations; Terrorism; Social Media;

 

 

Abstract

 

Pada era globalisasi, hadir aktor-aktor baru dalam perdagangan internasional, atau yang kita kenal sebagai perusahaan multinasional. Di sisi lain, terorisme terus berkembang seiring zaman. Berhubungan dengan hal ini, terdapat gagasan bahwa globalisasi dan perdagangan internasional dapat menjadi faktor dalam kemunculan kelompok-kelompok teroris, sebaliknya kerusakan dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh kegiatan terorisme juga merupakan faktor yang penting bagi bisnis internasional dan perusahaan multinasional dalam menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya. Salah satu produk dari perusahaan multinasional adalah sektor media sosial, dan dalam perkembangannya, teroris juga dapat menggunakan media sosial untuk merekrut anggota dan menjalankan kegiatan mereka, di mana hal ini menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi perusahaan multinasional tersebut. Dalam menjelaskan fenomena ini, makalah ini akan menggunakan kasus Telegram di Indonesia sebagai studi kasus. Di dalamnya akan mencakup korelasi antara terorisme dan perusahaan multinasional, pembahasan spesifik mengenai kasus Telegram, dan bagaimana perusahaan multinasional dapat mengambil peran dalam mengatasi masalah terorisme. Pembahasan makalah ini akan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui data yang dikumpulkan dari buku, jurnal, dan berita. Sebagai kesimpulan, perusahaan multinasional diharapkan untuk dapat berperan proaktif terutama dalam pemberantasan terorisme dalam jangka panjang melalui kerja-sama dengan pemerintah dan melalui implementasi komitmen perusahaan dalam membangun masyarakat dan lingkungan yang aman.

 

Keywords: Perusahaan Multinasional; Terorisme; Media Sosial;
A REVIEW ON THE GOVERNANCE OF PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR INDONESIAN CITIZENS ABROAD
Authors: Rifawan Affabile , Darmawan Ivan , Relaksana Riki
Published: December 2019

The protection of Indonesian citizens is the main agenda of Indonesia's current foreign policy. With the spread of Indonesian citizens all over the world, the protection of Indonesian citizens abroad is very important for Indonesia. This study aims to know in depth about the governance of protection systems towards Indonesian citizens in facing transnational crime threats. The method used qualitative by conducting interviews to the stakeholders of Indonesian citizen protection and is enriched through an analysis of international political economy. The results showed that prevention sector is the weakest link in the protection system of Indonesia citizens abroad while other sectors are affected with intriguing problems  in prevention sector.

 Key words: Citizen Protection, Transnational Crime, Governance, Human Security

 Abstrak

 Perlindungan warga negara Indonesia merupakan agenda utama kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia saat ini. Dengan penyebaran warganya di seluruh dunia, perlindungan warga negara Indonesia di luar negeri sangat penting bagi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam tentang tata kelola sistem proteksi terhadap warga negara Indonesia dalam menghadapi ancaman kejahatan transnasional. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada pemangku kepentingan perlindungan warga negara Indonesia dan diperkaya melalui analisis ekonomi politik internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor pencegahan merupakan mata rantai terlemah dalam sistem perlindungan warga negara Indonesia di luar negeri sementara sektor lainnya terpengaruh oleh masalah yang ada di sektor pencegahan.

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Warga Negara, Kejahatan Transnasional, Tata Kelola, Keamanan Manusia
ACEH: EXPLORING THE AFTERMATH OF 2004 TSUNAMI FROM GENDER DIMENSIONS
Authors: Saragih Sorang Afril Srihayati
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to analyse the greatest gender-specific dimensions toward women in the case of the tsunami that hit Aceh Province in Indonesia in 2004. Using three gender dimensions, which are gender identity, gender structure and gender symbolism, it argues that this catastrophe was not gender-neutral and its impacts could be shown in four conditions of women; which were womenâ€™s worsened insecurity and vulnerability, the feminization of poverty, the presence of â€œtsunami marriageâ€, and the reinforced gendered roles. The concept of â€˜intersectionalityâ€™ is useful to show the heterogeneous identity of women and how they were impacted by the disastrous event. It concludes that the 2004 tsunami brought many changes in the lives of both men and women in Aceh and worsened the inequalities between them.

 

Keywords: Aceh, women, tsunami, gender dimensions

 

 

Abstrak

 

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dimensi-dimensi terbesar yang spesifik-gender dalam kasus tsunami yang melanda Provinsi Aceh di Indonesia pada tahun 2004. Menggunakan tiga dimensi gender, yakni identitas gender, struktur gender dan simbolisme gender, tulisan ini menyatakan bahwa bencana ini tidaklah netral-gender dan dampaknya dapat ditunjukkan dalam empat kondisi perempuan; yaitu ketidakamanan dan kerentanan perempuan yang semakin memburuk, feminisasi kemiskinan, munculnya â€œpernikahan tsunamiâ€, dan peran-peran berbasis gender yang semakin menguat. Konsep â€˜interseksionalitasâ€™ berguna dalam memperlihatkan identitas heterogen perempuan dan bagaimana mereka terkena imbas dari peristiwa bencana tersebut. Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa tsunami di tahun 2004 itu membawa banyak perubahan dalam hidup laki-laki dan perempuan di Aceh, serta memperburuk ketimpangan di antara mereka.

 

Kata Kunci: Aceh, perempuan, tsunami, dimensi gender
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUSTRALIAâ€™S MARITIME DEFENSE STRATEGY IN RESPONSE TO CHINAâ€™S MILITARY MODERNIZATION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION (2013-2016)
Authors: Perwita Banyu , Sukma Isti Marta
Published: December 2019

Along with economic development of a country, the sphere of the national interests are automatically cultivates. China, with the rapid economy development, has been undergoing military modernization in order to protect their national interests better. Indo-Pacific region as one of the most crucial region in the world, dynamically, has been evolved into major powers countriesâ€™ favorite region particularly the maritime sector. Australia, which located inside the Indo-Pacific region as well as the one that puts most of the national interests in the region, has been aware that Chinaâ€™s military modernization can not be fully perceived as â€œpeaceful riseâ€ due to uncertain future circumstances.  The purpose of this research is to examine the maritime defense strategy response of Australia regarding Chinaâ€™s military modernization in Indo-Pacific region. This research provides further explanation regarding Australiaâ€™s standpoint in Indo-Pacific region, Chinaâ€™s military modernization and the sphere of influence in Indo-Pacific, and most importantlyâ€”the analysis of Australiaâ€™s implementation of the maritime defense strategy in responding Chinaâ€™s military modernization in the region.

 

Keywords:  Maritime strategy, Chinaâ€™s Military Modernization, Indo-Pacific, Defense Strategy, National Interests, Naval Power.

 

 

Abstrak

 

Seiring dengan perkembangan ekonomi suatu negara, bidang kepentingan nasional berkembang secara otomatis. China, dengan perkembangan ekonomi yang pesat, telah menjalani modernisasi militer untuk melindungi kepentingan nasional mereka dengan lebih baik. Kawasan Indo-Pasifik sebagai salah satu wilayah paling krusial di dunia, secara dinamis, telah berkembang menjadi favorit negara-negara besar terutama untuk sektor maritimnya. Australia, yang berada di dalam wilayah Indo-Pasifik dan juga negara yang menempatkan sebagian besar kepentingan nasional di kawasan ini, telah menyadari bahwa modernisasi militer China tidak dapat sepenuhnya dianggap sebagai "pembangunan damai" karena keadaan masa depan yang tidak pasti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respons strategi pertahanan maritim Australia mengenai modernisasi militer China di wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Penelitian ini akan memberikan penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai sudut pandang Australia di wilayah Indo-Pasifik, modernisasi militer China dan lingkungan pengaruhnya di Indo-Pasifik, dan yang paling pentingâ€”analisis implementasi strategi pertahanan maritim Australia dalam menanggapi modernisasi militer China di wilayah tersebut.

 

Kata kunci: Maritim Australia, Modernisasi Militer China, Indo-Pasifik, Strategi Pertahanan, Minat Nasional, Kekuatan Angkatan Laut.