bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An approach using Trust Management with Next-Generation IoT Networks for Healthcare, Agriculture and Sustainable Development Goals
Authors:   Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India., Joshi Shubham , Dubey Dr. Meghna ,   Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India., Kumar Mishra Dr. Durgesh ,   Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore, India.
Published: March 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most promising scientific fields of the last decade. The number of devices developed that support Internet things makes the application of internet things more interesting. The field of use includes the insurance sector, intelligent monitoring Environment, Smart City, sector-health care, Intelligent City, and also many other applications enabled for smart devices.The vision of the introduction of the internet, forming a network called IoT, where various information technology devices are connected, security and trust are most important for the user, because this network presumably used a large amount of data.However, trust is a significant obstacle that can hinder the growth of the IoT and even slow down the significant compression of many applications.This paper presents an approach using trust management (TM) with next-generation IoT networks for healthcare, agriculture, and sustainable development goals. Implementation of IoT conveys various problems of security and confidentiality. The use of IoT to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, trust, secrecy, and management challenges are addressed. The paper uses decentralized blockchain technology to solve security and privacy issues in applications with the support of the IoT.Ethereum virtual machine is used to implement theBlockchain distributed networkand healthcare insurance claims are taken as anexample to test the proposed solution. Also, it is provided that the lessons and opinions discussed are primarily about the purpose of the trust, which can be reproduced in the future on the internet.The results show that distributed blockchain technology provides trust management and can improve the existing security and privacy of the IoT in the health and agriculture sectors, which is helpful for next-generation IoT networks.
A Protocol for Checking Equality of Data Using Hash in Ideal Model of Secure Multiparty Computation
Authors:   Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India., Sheikh Rashid , Sheikh Rashid ,   Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, India., Mishra Durgesh Kumar ,   Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore, India., Dubey Meghna ,   Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India.
Published: March 2021

The ideal Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) model deploys a Trusted Third Party (TTP) which assists in secure function evaluation. The participating joint parties give input to the TTP which provide the results to the participating parties. The equality check problem in multiple party cases can be solved by simple architecture and a simple algorithm. In our proposed protocol Equality Hash Checkin ideal model, we use a secure hash function. All the parties interested to check equality of their data supply hash of their data to the TTP which then compared all hash values for equality. It declares the result to the parties.
Video Gaming and Gender Dysphoria: Some Case Study Evidence
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Arcelus Jon , Bouman Walter Pierre
Published: March 2021

Video gaming has become an established area of research over the last two decades.  Relatively little research has been carried out in the area of in-game gender swapping.  Clinically, there is anecdotal evidence that people with Gender Dysphoria use video gaming for the purpose of experimenting with and experiencing their gender identity in a safe environment. This paper discusses the various positive and negative functions video gaming may have for people with Gender Dysphoria through a number of case studies.  Recommendations for further research are suggested.
El nuevo fetichismo del Internet de las cosas en la sociedad kidult
Authors: Callicó Cantalejo Glòria , Celma Sanz Jordi
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo estudia la influencia futura del Internet de las cosas, objetos conectados a internet para teóricamente mejorar nuestras vidas, y su impacto en nuestro modo de vivir y la emergencia de nuevas psicopatologías.El internet de las cosas cambiará cada una de nuestras vidas; en algunos aspectos en un sentido positivo pero por otro lado también incrementará la incidencia de psicopatologías como el TDAH, anorexia, bulimia, depresión, y adiciones a los videojuegos, especialmente en la generación “kidult”.Los “kidults”, adultos que aspiran a comportarse como niños, quieren evadir sus temores de envejecer y algunos aparatos del Internet de la cosas,  relacionados con la atención médica y salud, puede proveer un soporte efectivo contra estos temores pero puede también funcionar como fetiche tecnológico y, a la larga, aumentar su inmadurez.
Connectivisme: mirada i tendència de futur en els centres presencials / Connectivism: the current state and future trends in classroom learning
Authors: Sans Antolí Xavier
Published: March 2021

Resum. Mitjançant la base reflexiva sobre el connectivisme, en l’article es fa l’abordatge del paradigma socioconstructivista i les seves derivades vers el procés d’aprenentatge i els canvis de models necessaris. Es proposen les figures dels b-docents i els b-aprenents en relació directa amb el model b-learning (o blended learning), com també la definició de les competències i perfil que cadascun d’aquests agents o partícips educatius hauria de tenir: nous rols canviants i elevada participació en el procés respectivament. Finalment es recull la mirada sobre les estructures necessàries en els centres educatius presencials, com també el no menys determinant canvi en el web. Es conclou amb un eix de compromís i participació per part dels implicats en el procés d’aprenentatge que hauria de facilitar el procés de transformació.Summary. This article uses a reflection of connectivism as the starting point of its approach to the socio-constructivist paradigm and related theories on the learning process and on the changes in educational models that are needed. The article suggests a model of blended (b) learning viewed in terms of b-teachers and b-learners. It also sets out definitions of the competencies and profiles that should be required of the various players involved in education, examining new and evolving roles and the need for a greater degree of participation in the process. Finally, there is a discussion of views both of the structures required of classroom-based educational institutions and of the equally critical changes that must be made online. The article concludes with the suggestion of a framework for commitment and participation on the part of those involved in the learning process, with the aim of providing a tool to foster the transformation process.
Test adaptativos informatizados, pruebas computarizadas y pruebas en aplicaciones móviles: comparación de su disponibilidad actual en Latinoamérica, Estados Unidos y Canadá
Authors: Figueroa-Quiñones Joel , Moncada Oliva Ray , Coronado Zapata Carlos Alberto , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

Las pruebas psicométricas han cambiado su formato de lápiz y papel a evaluaciones informatizadas progresivamente en los últimos 40 años, debido a que el formato informatizado ofrece varias ventajas sobre el clásico. En este estudio comparamos la producción y disponibilidad de los test adaptativos informatizados (TAI), las pruebas computarizadas (PC) y las pruebas en aplicativos móviles (PAM) entre Estados Unidos,  Canadá y Latinoamérica. Realizamos una revisión narrativa, explorando bases de datos como PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO. Para complementar los hallazgos, realizamos una búsqueda en Google y Play Store. Los resultados mostraron que Estados Unidos y Canadá registran la mayor producción y disponibilidad de TAI, PC y PAM. En ambas regiones, la mayor parte de los TAI y las PC está diseñada para evaluar a los adultos, mientras que las PAM están diseñadas para cualquier edad. En Estados Unidos y Canadá, los TAI y las PC son en gran parte originales y su uso requiere de un pago previo, mientras que en Latinoamérica los TAI, las PC y las PAM suelen ser versiones adaptadas y de acceso libre. Finalmente, existe una brecha amplia en la disponibilidad de TAI, PC y PAM en ambas regiones. Estados Unidos y Canadá tienen a su disposición más de trece veces la cantidad de TAI, más del doble de cantidad de PC y más del quíntuple de cantidad de PAM que en Latinoamérica. Concluimos que existe una gran brecha en cuanto a la producción y el acceso a instrumentos psicométricos de alta tecnología que Latinoamérica necesita superar. Finalmente, proveemos un listado de todos los TAI, las PC y las PAM disponibles actualmente, de acceso gratuito y de pago.
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN ANIMAL PROTEIN SUPPLY UNDER CHANGING ECONOMIC FORTUNES
Authors: Idufueko A. O.
Published: March 2021

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EFFECTS OF EARLY WEANING OF PIGS TO A DRY OR LIQUID MILK DIET ON SUBSEQUENT GROWTH AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Madubuike F. N.
Published: March 2021

Forty-five Yorkshire baby pigs from five litters (9 pigs from each litter and with mean body weight 1.9kg), at two days of age were randomly, within litter, left with the sow to 21 days of age (treatment 1), weaned to a 24% protein dry diet fed ad libitum (treatment 2), or to homogenized cow milk fed in restricted amounts four times daily to 21 days of age (treatment 3). From day 22, all pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal type diet containing 18% protein to 10 weeks of age, and a similar diet containing 16% protein from 10 weeks of age to slaughter at approximately 160 days. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and live body weight at slaughter were significantly lower, and feed/gain significantly higher among cow milk-fed pigs (treatment 3) than among pigs left with the sow until 3 weeks (treatment 1) and pigs weaned to dry diet (treatment 2). Backfat thickness, loin eye area, yield of lean cuts and dressing percent did not differ significantly among treatments. The results confirmed that weaning at two to three days to a dry diet fed ad libitum or to cow milk fed in restricted amounts four times daily is feasible, but overall performance from birth to slaughter of pigs weaned to a dry diet at two days of age was similar to that of pigs weaned at three weeks of age and superior to that of pigs weaned to cow milk at two days of age.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF LEAF MEALS OF PAWPAW (C. Papaya), SWORDBEAN (C. gladiata), JACKBEAN (C. ensiformis) AND PIGEONPEA (C. cajan) AS FEED INGREDIENTS AND YOLK COLOURING AGENTS IN LAYERS' DIETS
Authors: Udedibie A. B. I.
Published: March 2021

Leaf meals of the above-named tropical plants at 0.2,3,4 and 5% dietary levels were investigated for their values as feed ingredients and egg yolk pigmenters in white maize based layer diets. Each diet was fed as 5 replicates of 15 hyaline layers for 14 weeks. Pawpaw leaf meal (RM) at 4% and 5% dietary levels significantly (P<0.05) depressed feed intake without affecting egg production and body weights. It, however, had no colouring affecting egg yolk. Sword Bean leaf meal (SBIM), jackbean leaf meal (JBM) and pigeon pea leaf meal (PPLM) compared favourably with the control group in terms of feed intake, egg production and body weights, SBLM exceptionally improved egg yolk colour, scoring 4, 5, 8 and 12 on the Roche egg yolk colour fan at 2,3,4 and 5% dietary levels respectively. JBLM and PPLM only gave a score of 4 and 5% dietary level. SBLM appears to be very high in biological available xanthophylls and should be considered for development as commercial egg yolk pigmenter.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND SOME EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN A STRAIN OF COMMERCIAL LAYER
Authors: AYORINDE K. L. , TOYE A. A.
Published: March 2021

Fifty 28 weeks old layers were reared in individual cages for 9 Weeks to detect the effect weight has on some production traits. Body Weight was positively though non- significantly (P.0.05) correlated with egg number, egg weight and negatively with Shell thickness (r =-0.12) and egg index (r=-0.15). Estimates of optimum 28-week body weights, as determined from second-degree (quadratic) equations, indicated that for satisfactory performance a body weight range of 1728 to 1814g is required, Breeding and good management especially feeding are thought to be capable of maintaining this weight range.
PLASMA VITAMIN C LEVELS IN DERMATOPHILOSIS INFECTED AND ON-INFECTED CATTLE
Authors: ETTE S. I. , WILSON O. B. , AMAKIR1 S. R.
Published: March 2021

In two separate experiments, blood samples from dermatophilosis infected and non-infected cattle were analyzed for their vitamin C content. In the first experiment using abattoir samples, streptothricosis infected animals showed significantly lower lever (P < 0.01) Of ascorbic acid in mg per 100 ml of plasma (0.56) than non-infected ones (1.11). In the second experiment using samples from live animals, a non- significant decrease in the concentration of Vitamin in C was also observed in infected (0.94) compared with non-infected animals (1.05)
LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA SEEDMEAL IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HENS AND ITS EFFECT ON EGG YOLK PIGMENTATION
Authors: OKONKWO A. C. , ADIKPE D. A.
Published: March 2021

The performance of layers on various dietary levels of Leucaena leucocephala seedmeal (LSM) was investigated. One hundred and fifty Dutch Golden Line pullets in their third month of lay, were randomly allotted to five treatments, in which LSM was incorporated at levels of O, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. The study lasted thirteen weeks: ten weeks on experimental and three weeks on basal diets. Egg yolk color, average daily feed intake, percent egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio and liveweight gain were performance indices. Egg yolk color was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by LSM (at all levels) over control. Layers on 2% and 4% LSM produced significantly (P < 0.05) more eggs than hens on 0, 6 and 8% LSM; the highest production was recorded by hens on 4% LSM. This trend was maintained even after treatment withdrawal. Eggs from pullets on 4% and 6% LSM were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than eggs from the rest of the treatments. Although the difference between 4% and 6% was not significant the heaviest eggs were collected from birds on 4% LSM. Data collected in this study tend to recommend incorporation of LSM in layers' diets at levels not more than 4%.
THE PREDICTION OF LIVEWEIGHT OF CROSSBRED PIGS FROM THREE BODY MEASUREMENTS
Authors: TEGBE T. S. B. , OLORUNJU S. A. S.
Published: March 2021

The prediction of pig liveweight from three body measurements was studied using crossbred (Landrace x Large White and Hampshire x Large White) barrows and gilts, there were 286 measurements for the different parameters studied (Chest girth, Body length and Lain girth). "There were no significant differences due to sex for all the parameters investigated. Pig liveweight was best predicted singly using chest girth measurement. However, with the use of a combination of chest girth and body length, the prediction efficiency was enhanced.
BEEF COOKING PRACTICES IN A SEGMENT OF AN URBAN NIGERIAN
Authors: OKUBANJO A.
Published: March 2021

A survey was carried out among a segment of a Nigerian urban population in an attempt to determine the range of cooking methods and time commonly used in the preparation of beef for the table. Responses were obtained from 492 respondents who cut across several defined age groups and economic The findings indicate that almost all the respondents cook their meat from the fresh state. Boiling was the most frequently used cooking method followed by boiling/frying and boiling /frying/stewing which are the traditional systems of preparing stew in Nigeria. Boiling/stewing was used more frequently by the 41-50yr age group but was least used by the 25-20yr age group. Most respondents cook their beef for between 20 and 40 min, and utilized the broth from the boiled meat in preparing the stew rather than discarding it. The level of tenderness of the cooked meat was singularly the most important factor while marbling was the least factor contributing to its acceptability
SOME PARASITES OF FERAL WESTERN KOB (Kobus Kob kob) OF LAKE KAINJI NATIONAL PARK, NIGERIA
Authors: OKAEME A. N. , AJIBOYE , L. A. , IBOWOYE T. l. l.
Published: March 2021

The parasites of kob based on physical, faecal and blood examination has revealed that kob harbor ticks which include Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus nymph, Amblyomma variegatum; lice, Damalinia sp; and fed upon by by biting fly Culicoides.  sp. Helminth ova found were Strongyl sp. and Fasciola. sp.; protozoan. Babesia sp. in blood and Eimeria sp. in faeces. The significance of tick as vector of parasites of domestic animals and the potential risk of kob as reservoir of the parasites these vectors transmit are discussed. The prevalence of Strongyl sp. and Fasciola sp. ova as reflection of worm burden and potential pasture contamination are highlighted
EVALUATION OF THE NITROGEN FRACTIONS IN MILK OF BUNAJI (WHITE FULANI) CATTLE IN A HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ADENEYE J. A.
Published: March 2021

One hundred milliliters of milk produced in the first 150 days of lactation of 24. Bunaji (White Fulani) cattle in Ibadan contained an average of 703, 659, 44, 557, 146, 21, 27 and 54 mg total nitrogen (TN), protein nitrogen (PN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), casein nitrogen (CN), non-casein nitrogen NCN), proteoses-peptone nitrogen (PPN), lactoglobulin nitrogen (LGN) and lactalbumin nitrogen (LAN) respectively. CN, NCN, PN, NPN, PPN, LGN and LAN accounted for 79.2, 20.8, 93.7, 63, 3.1, 3.9 and 7.6% of TN respectively. CN constituted 833% of PN while one-third of NCN consisted of P PN and LGN. The most abundant component of NCN was LAN which occurred twice as high as LGN. The influence of stage of lactation was significant (P < 0.05) on TN, more remarkable on PN and CN but not significant (P >005) on NCN, NPN, PPN, LGN and LAN, Only TN and CN were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated (r 0.989). The positive or negative relationships between the other nitrogen fractions were trivial.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA FOWL AND DOMESTIC CHICKEN EGGS
Authors: Okoh P. N. , Olomu J. M. , Dim N. I. , Aduku A. O.
Published: March 2021

Some physical and chemical parameters of eggs from the domestic chicken and guinea fowl, reared under identical conditions were studied in order to determine the difference in their composition. The eggs analyzed were collected from domestic chickens (Warren Strain) and domesticated guinea fowls (Grey breasted pearl strains) which were about 40 weeks old and maintained on the same layer diet with groundnut cake as the protein source. The guinea fowl had significantly higher shell thickness than chicken egg shell, but the latter showed greater variation in shell thickness between eggs. Correlations between a number of physical and chemical parameters were small in both chicken and guinea fowl eggs. Although the chicken egg had significantly higher albumen and yolk contents compared to the guinea fowl egg, the protein, fat and amino acid composition of the two types of eggs, expressed as gram per 100g edible portion, were independent of breed.
THE STABILITY OF THE PACKED CELL VOLUME OF ANTICOAGULATED BOVINE BLOOD STORED AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURE.
Authors: IGBOKWE I. O. , SANU N. M.
Published: March 2021

Bovine blood samples with ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) or oxalate as anticoagulant were stored at refrigeration temperature of 4°C. The packed cell volume (PCV) was determined daily. During storage, the PCV did not vary significantly. Complete haemolysis, suggested by failure of blood samples to separate into cellular and plasma fractions, started occuring in samples on days 28 and 17, and was observed to have occurred in all samples on days 41 and 24 in blood with EDTA and oxalate respectively.
Foetal Wastage In Abattoirs And Its Implications: Situation Report From Ogun State, Nigeria.
Authors: Oyekunle M. A. , Olubanjo O. O , Fasina O. E.
Published: March 2021

This study examined the magnitude and implications of foetal wastage resulting from the slaughtering of pregnant cows in Lafenwa - Abeokuta and Ijebu-Igbo abattoirs in Ogun State between 1984 and 1989. Results show that one foetus is wasted for every 8 cattle slaughtered in the abattoirs. This has the grave effects of reducing over time the herd size and revenue of owners, the access of most Nigerians to a nutritive source of dietary protein and therefore the ability to attain the internationally recommended protein intake level per caput per day.
Cattle and Grassland
Authors: NSAP NJAP
Published: March 2021

Abstracts of papers on cattle and grassland
Growth Performance Of Normal, Frizzle And Naked-neck Chickens In A Tropical Environment
Authors: Ibe S. N.
Published: March 2021

Growth performance of normal-feathered, frizzle and naked neck indigenous chickens of Nigeria during an 18-week growing period was studied. Differences in body weights among the three genotypes (sexes combined) were not significantly different at all ages, although those with normal feathering showed general superiority over the other two genotypes. Male normal-feathered individuals had significantly higher body weights than the females from week 6, whereas differences between male and female naked necks were significantly from the females at all ages. No significant differences were observed among the genotypes and between the sexes in both absolute and relative growth rates in the 18-week growing period.
It therefore seems that any advantage the two major genes investigated may have as a consequence of their direct effects on efficiency of thermoregulation of chickens in hot environments would probably be manifested after the growing period. This justifies the exploitation of these genes for egg production in the tropics.
Effects Of Sun-dried Cassava Peel Meal As Replacement For Maize And Wheat Offals On Performance And Nutrient Utilization Of Cockerels
Authors: Ogbonna J. U. , Adebowale E.A.
Published: March 2021

Five hundred (590) day-old Hyperco cockerels were raised on four experimental starter diets, A,B,C, and D containing 0, 17.71, 22.30 and 45.64% sun-dried cassava peel meals (CPM), respectively, as replacement for maize and wheat offals. At the finisher phase, the test ingredient was substituted on weight basis at the rates of 0, 20.41, 24.95 and 51.75%. The calculated cyanide contents of the starter diets were 0, 17.62, 22.19 and 45.41 mg HCN/kg for diets A,B,C and D, respectively, at the finisher phase. The duration of the study was 20 weeks. In the finisher phase, the highest mean daily feed intake values (129.6 and 123.5g/bird) were obtained on diets C and D, respectively, while the least mean values (116.9 and 106.5 g/bird) were recorded on diets A and B, respectively. The ME utilisation increased with increasing dietary energy levels in the starter phase and decreased with increasing dietary energy levels in the finisher phase. The daily nitrogen retained decreased with increasing dietary CPM levels in both phases.
Effects Of Age In Lay And Egg Size On Fertility And Hatchability Of Chicken Eggs
Authors: Asuquo B. O. , Okon B.
Published: March 2021

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT FOR CERTAIN QUALITATIVE TRAITS
Authors: Odubote I. K.
Published: March 2021

Records on 1344 West African dwarf goats collected between 1982 and 1992 were used in this study. The records were used to describe determine the mode of inheritance for certain qualitative traits in the breed. All the goats have the stiff, short and straight hair coat  type. The goat colour was very variable, irregular and this include white, black brown, pied and mixed colours. Nonetheless basic black colour predominate (53.3%). Basic white and brown goats account for 6.8% and 39.9% respectively. All goats studied irrespective of sex were horned. The goats also have a pair of teats observed. Possession of beard is common in all breeding bucks, nonetheless, 11.6% of the females have beard. About two-thirds of thegoats were wattled which could be bilateral (63%) or unilateral (6.2%) but no sex difference was observed. The mean lengths of body hair, ruff on bisket, wattle, beard in males and females were 2.90±0.80cm, 10.90±3,30 cm, 2.40±0.70 cm, 7.40cm±3.20cm and 9.20±2.7cm, respectively. Gene frequencies of 0.66, 0.08, 0.33and 1.0 were obtained for presence of wattle, albinism, black pigmentation and non polled respectively.
PRE-AND POST-WEANING PHENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME N'DAMA CATTLE UNEAR MEASUREMENTS IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Orherhuata A. M. , Olutogun O.
Published: March 2021

Data collected on 1438 male and 1492 female pure bred N'Dama calves calved between 1948 and 1961 at Fashola Stock farm were used to study the relationship between five N'Dama cattle linear measurements at pre and post Weaning ages. The measurements were Head to Shoulder (HDS); Shoulder to tail drop (STD); Height at withers (HTW); Heart girth (HGT) and Body length (BLT). All measurements had positive values which ranged from 0.2 - 91 except HTW and HDS which had a negative value (-02) in males at yearling age. There was a predominance of positive and highly significant relationship (P<0.01) between height measurement (HTW) and circumference measurement (HGT) which ranged from .04 - .76 with pre weaning measurements having higher values (.69 - .76) in both sexes. High and positive correlation values were also observed between length measurements (HDS, STD and BLT) which therefore shows that only one of such measurements is sufficient for length measurement Generally measurements taken at pre weaning had higher correlation values than those taken at post weaning.
THE EFFECTS OF EXTRUDED CORNSOY AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE AND GROUNDNUT MEAL IN WEANER-GROWER PIG RATIONS
Authors: Fashina-Bombata H. A. , Tewe O. O.
Published: March 2021

Two feeding trials were conducted using sixteen Landrace x Large White cross-bred pigs to determine the effect of feeding extruded corn-soyabean diets on performance and carcass traits in growing pigs. Extruded corn-soyabean meal was used to replace full fat soyabean at 0 33.67 and 100% in a practical weaner and grower diets. Average 'feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) increased by the addition of corn-soyabean to the diets. Average daily gain and feed/gain were also improved (P<0.05) by Corn-soyabean diets. The use of extruded corn-soyabean meal had no significant effect on some retail cuts. However, certain carcass traits were affected (P<0.05). Corn-soyabean diets improved warm dressing percentage but lowered percent lean cuts (P<0.05).
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF Parkia filicoidea AND Tephrosia bracteolata LEAF MEALS IN THE DIET OF THE GOAT
Authors: Adeloye A. A.
Published: March 2021

Eight female, non-pregnant, non-lactating West African dwarf goats were in digestion trials in a preliminary evaluation of 2 legume orages viz Parkia filicoidea and Tephrosia bracteolata provided as leaf meals. Tephrosia sp. was well accepted at 4.14% of body weightand satisfied the requirement for production, resulting in 50g/d gains in weight. Parkiafilicoidea produced zero weight gain but its crude protein was 56.88% digested so also was ash (88.58%), even better (P<0.05) than Tephrosia bracteolata. The ash in Tephrosia sp. was 62.5% digested. Other nutrients were more than 70% digested. Nutrients were better (P<0.05) digested in Tephrosia sp. than Parkia sp. Tephrosia bracteolata leaf meal is thought good as sole feed for the goat. Parkia filicoidea Parkia filicoidea  would require some supplementation.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND FROZEN MEAT FROM RABBITS FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM
Authors: Awonorin S. O. , Ingbian E. K. , Girgih A. T. , Ayoade J. A. , Carew S. N.
Published: March 2021

This study compares the effects of different levels (0 to 50%) of Gliricidia sepiun leaves on the processing, proximate composition, and organoleptic characteristics of male and female rabbits using a 3 x 2 x2 factorial design. The effect of 8 weeks of cold storage at - 20+20 C on acceptability of the rabbit meat was also evaluated. The data obtained showed that the live-weight, dressing percentage, and fat content of the rabbits fed 25% Gliricidia sepium were higher than those from 0 % (control) or 50 % level at 10 weeks old. The total cooking losses were higher by 15 to 24% in the frozen roasts, due mainly to increased drip and evaporative losses which were also slightly higher in the female carcasses. The expressible moistrue index (EMI) increased in the frozen samples, and no significant difference (P>0.05) was found to be attributable to diet. The final moisture content and cook yield of the frozen samples decreased, whereas the ash content was not significantly affected by sex or diet. However, the protein and fat contents, and pH increased regardless of sex in all the cooked samples. The sensory evaluation results are suminarized as follows: (1) fresh roasts from rabbits fed 25% Gliricidia sepiun were preferred, possibly, influenced by tenderness scores and slightly higher fat content; and (2) meat roasts from the frozen samples did not differ on overall acceptability, although the palatability scores diminished at the end of 8 weeks of frozen storage, and panelists did not detect any significant differences (P>0.05) attributable to diet or sex.
INFLUENCE OF OVIPOSITION TIME ON SOME FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EGG SHELL OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL KEPT IN WARM HUMID TROPICS
Authors: OGUIKE M. A.
Published: March 2021

Investigations on the influence of oviposition time on the functional properties of egg shell of the domestic fowl were conducted. The eggs used for the study were laid by commercial Lohmann pullets - a temperate hybrid. The laying birds were managed singly in battery cages, fed a layer's diet of about 17% crude protein and supplied water. The results showed the mean shell thickness was 0.31, 0.33,0.34 and 0.35mm for eggs laid between 0600 - 0900, 0900 - 1200, 1200 - 1500 and 1500 - 1800 hours, respectively. Shell conductance was 11.93, 11.67, 11.72 and 1133 mg day-1  torr-1, respectively. The respective moisture losses were 3.80,3.75,3.80,3.72 mgcm -2 for 0600-0900, 0900 - 1200, 1200 - 1500 and 1500 - 1180 hours, respectively. In the same order, the pore counts were 15,096, 15,280, 14,668 and 14, 927 egg-1 while the respective pore diameters were 21.76, 21.17, 22.35 and 23.49µ at the different oviposition times. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed at the different oviposition times in these shell properties except for shell conductance and moisture loss. Shell conductance and moisture loss were found to be highly correlated (P <0.01). Eggs laid between 1500 - 1800 hours appeared to exhibit better shell functional properties.
EFFECT OF DIET ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF WHITE LEGHORN COCKS
Authors: DANIYAN O. C. , NAKAUE H. S. , ARSCOTT G. H.
Published: March 2021

Seventy-two Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) roosters were fed for 24 28-day periods with 13 and 15 percent crude protein diets containing soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) ratios of 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 la each protein diet to determine the look-term effects of protein levels and cottonseed meal on the reproductive traits. The statistical analyses of the data indicated no Henicabt differences among the protein levels for each ratio of SBM:CSM in mean body weight, daily feed consumption, semen volume, fertility, batchability, percent dead embryo at 18 and 21 days of Incubation, percent chicks pipped, semen concentrations, testicular Weight, hematocrit and testosterone level. The reproductive traits of the roosters were not affected by either feeding the two protein levels in the diet or the sources of the vegetable protein for 24 28-day periods.
WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND PERFORMANCE OF MATURE RABBITS FED ONLY CONCENTRATE DIET
Authors: Nwokoro S. O. , Ugwunze A.
Published: March 2021

The study was conducted to determine the water consumption pattern and performance of mature rabbit crosses (New Zealand White X California) fed only concentrate diet. Thirty-six rabbits (25±1 wk old) were alloted to three water treatment groups such that there were 12 rabbits per treatment and each treatment was replicated thrice. The three watering schedules were the contol with water served free choice; water was served 10 hours and water was served for two 5-hours periods per day. The animals were fed same concentrate diet ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results indicated that the highest water consumption per day was recorded in the control group followed by those served in two 5-hour period daily. The periodic water measurements revealed that More than half of the daily water consumption in the 10 hour groups were obtained in the early period of water availability (0800-1300 he). The feed consumption, but not weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by watering treatments.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY WILD SUNFLOWER (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray) LEAF MEAL ON LAYERS PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY
Authors: ODUNSI A. A. , FARINU G. O. , AKINOLA J. O.
Published: March 2021

The performance of layers on various dietary levels of Wild Sunflower leaf meal (SLM) was investigated. Seventy-two Nera Black with commercial layers in their fourth month of lay of were randomised into six dietary treatments comprising a commercial layer mash (CLM) 05, 10, 15 and 20% SLM. Results revealed that egg production was appreciably supported even for layers on 15 and 20% SLM diets. Feed consumption ranged from 96.27 gms in layers fed 20% SLM to 106.86 gm for birds on CLM. Feed conversion efficiency in terms of kg feed South-western Nigeria up to the Middle Belt per dozen eggs was highest for 15% SLM while CLM had the highest cost of feed consumed per dozen eggs. All diets supported a net positive There is scanty report on the feeding value body weight gain on the birds. Haugh unit, yolk index, shell thickness and egg weight were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Yolk colour was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by SLM (at all levels) over rabbits. These preliminary findings suggest either the control or CLM. There was no mortality throughout the 12 weeks experiment lasted.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING AND ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION OF CASSAVA ROOT MEAL ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS
Authors: OGBONNA J. U. , McCRACKEN K. J. , LILLEY J. , McALLISTER A.
Published: March 2021

The effects of processing by mashing, cold-pelleting, bent- pelleting and extrusion, and enzyme applicatentation of diets containing 0200 and 400g cassava root meal (CRM)/kg on the performance of broiler chicks were studied. During the first week, DM intake was higher (P<0.05) for the chicks on Diet 1 and the absence of CRM while feeding mash as against pellets reduced feed intake from 7- 28d (P<0.05), weight gain (P<0.001) and feed to gain ratio (P<0.001). Heat -pelleted and extruded diets did not result in significantly, higher intakes (P>0.05) and weight gains compared with the cold-pellet diets. Supplementation with Enzyme premix improved feed to pain ratio (P<0.05) during the resistant starch at first week but had no effect over the 3 week period of the study. Ideal viscosity tests showed In Europe, dietary CRM inclusion had a significant effect (P<0.001) on the intestinal viscosity.
EFFECT OF AEROBIC FERMENTATION OF CASSAVA ON THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF ITS PRODUCT
Authors: ERUVBETINE D. , ADEGBOYEGA S. A.
Published: March 2021

Aerobic fermentation of cassava was carried out to determine the nutrient quality of the final product with a view to optimizing its use in poultry diets. Two varieties of cassava TMS 30572 and OTA were peeled, chipped and heaped for fermentation. Samples were taken at days 0, 3, 5 and 7 for determination of moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and cyanide levels. Fermentation was carried out in both dry and wet seasons. Results showed that major changes in composition were in the moisture content which increased with corresponding decreases in dry mater content with increasing period of fermentation for both seasons studied. Protein content increased up to a period of 3 days after which it declined. A similar trend was observed in both wet and dry seasons. However, it was noted that a higher moisture content with a correspondingly lower dry matter content was reported for all samples in the wet season when compared to their counterparts in the dry season. Cyanide content was reduced with an increasing period of fermentation in all samples irrespective of variety and season. Further studies are recommended to investigate the possibility of increasing protein content by fermentation.
EVALUATION OF WATER HYACINTH (EICHORNIA CRASSIPES) AS FEED INGREDIENT AND YOLK COLOURING AGENT IN LAYERS DIETS.
Authors: Dairo F. A. S.
Published: March 2021

Sixty-four Black Harco breed of laying hens, 39 weeks in lay were fed water hyacinth Eichhorria crassipes at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15% for 56 days. The experiment had eight birds in each of the 2 replicates per treatment with the E. crassipes levels of inclusion as treatment. Parameter study include body weight change, feed intake, egg weight, egg yolk coloration, egg shell thickness and feed conversion ratio (feed/kg egg). The mean feed intake significantly decreased (P<0.05) among the mean values of 126.98, 127.27, 127.27 and 122.59 g/day for 0, 5, 10 and 15% inclusion levels respectively. the egg shell thickness increased significantly (P<0.05) among the mean values obtained i.e from 0.51-0.67 mm. however, egg weight changes, egg yolk coloration and feed conversion ration did not show any significant difference (P>0.05) among the respective means. E. crassipes appears to be optimally utilized at 5% dietary level  in layers ration and could be used as pigmenter for egg yolk coloration at this level.
REPLACEMENT VALUE OF POULTRY VISCERAL OFFAL MEAL IN THE DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Oyewole S. O. O. , Salami R. I.
Published: March 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the replacement value of poultry visceral offal meal (PVOM) substituting for fish meal (FM) on an equal protein basis in the diets of unsexed Ross-strain broiler chickens from day-old to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and fifty birds were allotted in groups of 10 into 15 equidimensional floor pens with floor space of 0.189m2 per bird. There were three replicates per treatment diet, with 10 birds per pen serving as a replicate. Five treatment diets, each for the starter and finisher phases of 5 and 3-week duration respectively were fed ad libitum. Diet A (control) contained 8% FM which was gradually replaced with PVOM at 2,3,4,6,6,90 and 9.20% in diets B, C, D and E respectively for both phases. All the diets were isocaloric (ca 12MJ   ME/kg) for both phases and isonitrogenous with 23 and 20% dietary crude protein contents for the starter and finisher diets respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion rations (FCR) were similar (P >0.05) on all diets in support of complete substitution. However , weight gain for 8 weeks on the control diet was better (P <0.05) than those on FM/PVOM- and PVOM-diets whose weight gains were similar (P < 0.05). The mean feed intake values of 4.031, 3.936, 3.760, 3.870 and 3.715 kg/bird were obtained for birds receiving diets A,B,C,D and E respectively while the equivalent FCRs were 2.326, 2.352, 2.233, 2.326 and 2.340. The mean weight gains for birds on diets A,B,C,D and E for 8weeks were 1.824, 1.688, 1.689, 1.676 and 1.590 kg/bird respectively. The dressed weight and weight of back, drumsticks, things and wings were similar (P >0.05) for all diets in favour of complete substitution of FM with PVOM. Mean dressing percentages were 58.24 to 69.07% . It is concluded that PVOM could replace FM completely in broiler diets.
Trypanosomiasis And Animal Production In Nigeria
Authors: Leeflang P.
Published: March 2021

TRYPANOSOMIASIS is one of the principal factors restricting growth of the livestock industry in Nigeria and, therefore, is a direct concern of animal scientists who aspire to increase the production of animal protein in this country. The present paper reviews the value of drug treatment of disease animals, destruction of game, clearing of vegetation, and the extermination of the tse-tse flies by insecticides as methods of controlling this disease; it also discusses the contribution of integrated land use, improved standards of nutrition and management, and trypanosome-tolerant cattle to minimize, for the present, the effect of trypanosomiasis on the development of the livestock industry.
The Improvement of Livestock Production in Nigeria through Breeding
Authors: Ngere L. O.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Improvement in Animal Production: Animal Health
Authors: Sanusi K. A. O.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
The Effect of Age, Stretchtension During Thaw Rigor and Heat of Selected Quality Characteristics of Beef Sternomandibularis Muscle
Authors: Okubanjo A. O. , Stouffer J. R.
Published: March 2021

Some aspects of the phenomenon of thaw rigor have been studied in order to understand how it affects skeletal muscle as a food. Specifically, studies were conducted to evaluate the tenderness and other quality characteristics of muscle strips retained at rest length or stretched by 50 percent during thaw rigor, and to see whether any observed differences were related to the age or sex of the animals. No statistically significant differences due to the stretched state, age or sex were noted in the 24 hr. post thawing pH or water holding capacity as determined by the Carver Press method, although in the latter parameter, individual animals differed significantly (P<0.05) from one another. Differences in the stretched state affected the cooking loss, cooking contraction, shear values, sarcomere length and fiber diameter. Variations in the cooking loss, cooking contraction and sarcomere length were not significant when considered on between group basis while significant variations were observed in the shear values (P <0.05) and fiber diameters (P<0.01). Significant differences in the response of individual animals within t!e different groups were noted in the cooking loss, cooking contraction (P<0.01) and shear values (P<0.05). Within group) differences were not observed in the estimates of sarcomere length and fiber diameter. Significant differences were not noted in the total collagen, alkali-soluble collagen, and elastin contents of the cow, steer and heifer groups. However, the collagen content of the veal group was significantly greater (P<0.005) and was more readily soluble in dilute alkali than the three other groups. No significant differences in the collagen content or solubility was attributable to the stretched state. Heating of the muscle strips significantly affected col!agen solubility (P<0.005) in all the different groups
Ectoparasites of Local Pigs in Western Nigeria
Authors: Dipeolu O. O.
Published: March 2021

...
Economics of Urban Dairies in Southern State of Nigeria
Authors: Olayide S. O. , Olayemi J. K.
Published: March 2021

...
The Livestock Sub-Sector in the Third National Development Plan
Authors: Ademosun A.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Short-Term Solutions to Meat Shortage in Nigeria
Authors: Bamgbose S. O.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Wildlife and Meat Production on Marginal Lands with Special Reference to Nigeria
Authors: Yassen A. M.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
The West African Dwarf Sheep I. Reproductive Performance and Growth
Authors: Dettmers A. , Igoche C. A. , Akinkuolie K.
Published: March 2021

THE study of the West African Dwarf flock at the University of Ibadan revealed that these sheep under moderately improved management, but without a breeding and selection programe were considerably better than they have been generally given credit for. West African Dwarf ewes are prolific and early maturing. The sheep are small and have finished their growth by the age of two years. Average daily gain up to three months was 85 g and from three months to two years, 31 g. Mortality of lambs with 20% up to three months of age, however, is still too high and should be reduced by improved pest and disease control.
The Effect of Ante-Mortem Epinephrine Injection on Plasma Glucose, Post-Mortem Glycolysis and Meat Quality Factors of West African Dwarf Ewes
Authors: Okubanjo A. O. , Obasuyi J.
Published: March 2021

EIGHT West African dwarf ewes were allocated into two equal groups in an attempt to study the effect of epinephrine on body glucose, post mortem glycolysis and some 4s pects of meat quality factors. One group was injected subcutaneously a one-shot dosage of 0.1% adregaline solution at a level of 1.8 mg/ 10 kg live body weight six hours prior to slaughtering. Blood glucose levels were estimated during the first hour post injection. The other group of ewes which was injected with an equal volume of water served as control. Following death, the pH of the longi bsimum dorsi was followed as an index of glycolysis. Subsequently, brine diffusion distance, salt uptake, drip loss, cooking loss, total moisture and the organoleptic attributes of tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability were estimated in selected muscles. An overall elevation of plasma glucose by epinephrine was observed during the one hour period of blood collection. A lower than normal initial pH was observed in both groups since both struggled prior to death. The ultimate 24 hour pH was higher in the epinephrine treated mutton (6.43) than in the control group (5.63). Mean drip loss and cooking loss were 1.86% and 30.88% in the epinephrine treated samples as against 1.639 and 33:38% respectively in the control samples. Higher estimates of diffusion lengths were obtained in the treated samples (P <0.05) although between muscle variations were observed. Slight differences were observed as a result of treatment effect on tenderness. juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability. Between muscle variation in these parameters were highly significant.
Proposals for the Rational Control and Prevention of Bovine Brucellosis in Nigeria
Authors: Esuruoso G. O.
Published: March 2021

In an earlier presentation and in relevant publications (Esuruoso, 1972; 1974), it was shown that Nigeria could be divided into free, moderately infected and heavily infected areas with regard to bovine brucellosis. In this paper, it is recommended that where there is little or no infection at the moment the disease could be prevented by annual serological and bacteriological surveillance and removal by culling of any positive reactions. In moderately infected areas the few reactors should be identified by branding after the appropriate tests have been performed. They should then be separated from clean animals and allowed to complete their reproductive life without contact with clean herds. Offsprings of the infected cattle which later turn out to be clean after necessary testing before they reach the breeding age, could then be mixed with the clean herd. Heifer calves in heavily infected herds should be inoculated with Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) attenuated vaccine at the age of 3 to 6 months. Cows and inature heifers in these herds should be tested apuaily and separated into clean and infected groups. The infected group should be kept on separate pastures from the clean group. They should also be confined for calving and their manger beddings should be destroyed by incineration. At slaughter as well as during abortions and infective calvings, the Brucella abordus serotypes causing the disease should be isolated, identified completely and propagated for further study and vaccine production. Under no circumstance should indiscriminate vaccination be carried out on any herd in this country, as this will confuse the situation and confound any rational attempts at control or eradication.