bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOUN PHRASEOLOGISMS IN MEDIA HEADLINES: SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECT
Authors: Lakomska I. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the implementation and functioning of phraseological units in the headlines of Ukrainian electronic media, where they show their power while simultaneously accumulating a broad generalized experience of generations, fill the emotional dominant, and also comprehensively reflect the actual content of the message. The purpose of the research was to identify and describe the lexical-grammatical features of phraseological units (FU), namely noun (substantive) phrases, which required the following tasks: to identify an array of media headlines with a phraseological component; to define noun FUs and find out their semantic content and structure. The object of the study was headlines with phraseological units in Ukrainian electronic editions of national and regional media, the subject was the lexical-grammatical specificity of noun phraseological units in the structure of the title. To achieve the goal, the work used a descriptive method, elements of component analysis (using which the semantic structure of the meaning of phraseological units was established); quantitative method, which made it possible to compare and generalize the obtained results. As a result of the research, it was found that the most frequent in newspaper headlines are nominal phraseological units of abstract semantics to denote the phenomena of the surrounding world; idioms that name a person are also actively used, namely, character traits, character traits of a person, since the main object of the message is a person, occasionally - FU to denote objects or things of the material world. Substantive FUs are most often represented by the combination of a stem noun with the following parts of speech: a possessive adjective, qualitative and relative adjectives and adverbs, numerals, a noun in the genitive case, a noun in the form of other indirect cases with prepositions. According to the structure, the studied noun phraseological units were mostly represented by two-component models, sometimes three-component, which meets the main requirements of mass media - to inform and influence the audience as succinctly and accurately as possible.
LUCK CHAIN LETTERS AS ONE OF THE VARIETIES OF ELECTRONIC CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Troian A. V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to investigate and analyze luck chain letters as one of the types of electronic communication. It describes Internet communication and its main features. The article provides a definition of the term «luck chain letters» (letter of happiness, magic letter, chain letter of happiness) and examines its characteristics, methods of dissemination, and provides examples. The research focuses on letters collected from the Viber messenger. The most common types of these letters are identified, such as «pray and forward the prayer to N number of friends», «we need to gather a million votes to prevent Viber or Facebook from becoming paid», «puppies from a breeding facility need owners (or funds), otherwise they will be put down», «parents of a sick child will receive 10 cents for every letter you send», «the result of a test that you took, which stated that if you don’t forward the invitation to this test to a certain number of people, you will experience failure for several years», «аmiraculous remedy from the market that guarantees a cure for the most common ailment», «in honor of their birthday/opening, a gift from a well-known brand/company». The following manipulative tactics are identified in these letters: «If you love, then...», «Exploiting parental instinct», «Don’t be an outcast», and activating a situation of psychosis with a «lack of time» indicator. Equally important is the example of appealing to «good feelings» to foster intimacy in the communicative space between the sender and recipient. In the future, there are plans to further examine happiness letters (in messengers, social networks, email, blogs), classify them, identify common features, and highlight the most prevalent manipulative tactics. This may involve analyzing the communication strategies used in such letters and studying their impact on recipients, particularly in terms of perception, reactions, and dissemination methods. Analyzing happiness letters will contribute to a better understanding of manipulations and provide protection against harmful content that may be present in such letters.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPONYMS (PERSPECTIVES FROM PSYCHIATRISTS AND PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY)
Authors: Chornous O. V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this scientific research is to analyze the contributions of psychiatrists and psychologists from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who focused on cases of obsessive attraction or uncontrollable fear related to personal names. The study examines the emotional reactions caused by personal names and surnames, as well as the influence of names on the behavior of individuals. The research focuses on anthroponyms as fundamental components of the naming system, exploring their impact on various aspects of individuals’ lives based on the cases described in the scientific works of psychiatrists and psychologists from that time period. Through an analysis of the counseling practices of late nineteenth-century psychiatrists, anthroponyms were reevaluated as subjects of irrational passion (onomatomania) or fear (onomatophobia). Undesirable thoughts related to names were believed to significantly affect the daily lives of patients during that era, although contemporary colleagues express doubts regarding this potential influence of anthroponyms. Subsequent studies documented intriguing connections between personal names and the behavior of their bearers: some individuals emulated the qualities associated with their names, while others sought to erase their anthroponyms from memory entirely. The research explores topics such as intentional transformations of anthroponyms to solve professional or personal problems, motives of namers influencing their choices for baby names, and the mechanisms behind forgetting personal names. This new perspective highlights how certain names can evoke powerful associations that influence various aspects of an individual’s life and can be used as tools of manipulation in communication, conveying respect or disrespect for the bearer. Additionally, psychologists have attempted to address the question of a possible correlation between a person’s name and their personal characteristics. Based on cases of unconscious name influence on behavior, it was proposed three categories where such influence is most notable: general influence on character and behavior, professional sphere, and personal relationships.
Sektor przedsiębiorstw w Mongolii
Authors: Erdenekhuu Khaliunaa
Published: October 2023

W Mongolii prywatne przedsiębiorstwa powstawały poprzez prywatyzację w czasie transformacji
od gospodarki centralnie planowanej do rynkowej. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza uwarunkowań
rozwoju sektora przedsiębiorstw prywatnych w Mongolii. Rola sektora prywatnego w gospodarce
wciąż wzrasta, jednakże napotyka on liczne przeszkody, takie jak brak stabilizacji gospodarki,
niedorozwój infrastruktury, słabe instytucje państwowe, korupcja itp. Ocena wpływu tych czynników
na rozwój sektora przedsiębiorstw została szczegółowo opisana w artykule.
A szűk keresztmetszetekért történő büntetés módszerének alkalmazása a deprivációmérés területén
Authors: Bilicz Hanga Lilla
Published: October 2023

Deprivációmérés során a dimenziók helyettesíthetősége megkérdőjelezhető, ennek ellenére a legtöbb tradicionális módszertan ezt figyelmen kívül hagyja az aggregálási döntéseknél. Jelen tanulmány egy, a deprivációkutatásban még jellemzően nem alkalmazott indexkészítési módszer javaslatával él: a szűk keresztmetszetekért történő büntetés (Penalty for Bottleneck, PFB) használatát javasolja. A PFB alkalmazásának előnye – amellett, hogy egyes területekre lebontva reálisabb képet mutat az adott területre jellemző deprivációs szintről –, abban áll, hogy összességében is felhívja a döntéshozók figyelmét arra, hogy mely területek fejlesztése szükséges a deprivációs helyzet országos szintű javulásához. A nélkülözés felszámolásáért tett lépésekhez pedig különösen fontos, hogy az egyes területeken megjelenő szűk keresztmetszeteket ne fedjék el a kiugró értékek. A tanulmány arra a következtetésre jut, hogy ugyan az egyszerű számtani átlagolással számított rangok nagyon erősen korrelálnak a PFB-vel számított rangokkal, e korreláció további lebontása megmutatja, mennyivel árnyaltabb a kép a nem szélsőséges decilisekbe eső területek rangszámai esetében. A különböző alapú bontások (pl. decilisek, nagyvárosok) vizsgálata lehetővé teszi továbbá annak bemutatását, hogy ez a módszer alkalmas fontos gazdaságpolitikai konklúziók levonására és megfelelő eszköztár kijelölésére is.
Robotics in genital gender-affirming surgery
Authors: Weinstein Brielle , Govekar Henry , Cherullo Edward , Jacobs Kristin M. , Schechter Loren
Published: October 2023

Gender-affirming genital surgery includes a constellation of pelvic procedures that can help feminize or masculinize the genitalia. Technological advances in robotic surgery can aid surgical access to and visualization of the pelvis, thereby facilitating certain procedures. In this scoping review, we will discuss the developing role of the robot in genital affirming genital surgery. Indications, techniques, and outcomes using the robot in both feminizing and masculinizing genital procedures will be reviewed.
SUSTAINABLE DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT IN BAVARIA: INCREASING TOURISM ACCEPTANCE BY APPLYING PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES?
Authors: Herntrei Marcus , Jánová Veronika
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The article examines whether and, if so, how systematic citizen participation in the planning and decision-making processes can improve the acceptance of tourism in three popular Bavarian destinations — the Franconian Lake District, Tölzer Land, and Munich. Methodology – The article draws on a qualitative study, comprising 33 expert interviews with representatives of politics, administration, tourism organisations, tourism service providers, associations, and local communities. The expert interviews were analysed using the qualitative research method GABEK. Selected findings were subsequently visualised through causal network charts. Findings – The findings revealed a fundamental dissatisfaction with the prevailing political planning and decision-making processes. More support from politics and a clear commitment to tourism value creation is required. Greater citizen involvement in the strategic development of tourism is desirable. The implementation of citizen participation is fraught with many difficulties, including lack of political goodwill, and is therefore either not or only insufficiently developed in the participating Bavarian destinations. Contribution – Against the background of recent and contemporary social developments, strategic citizen participation in tourism planning processes was identified as an important approach for the continued successful and sustainable development of Bavarian tourism destinations and living spaces. The findings can be regarded as an urgent appeal to initiate systematic participatory processes in Bavaria, guaranteeing a framework for a continuous exchange between the local population, politics, and administration, enabling better incorporation of the needs of the local population into tourism planning objectives, and increasing the acceptance of tourism.
(COASTAL) URBAN TOURISM AND QUALITY OF LIFE: RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION
Authors: Trinajstić Maša , Đurkin Badurina Jelena
Published: October 2023

Purpose – Urban tourism has not been adequately studied and many destinations that have conditions to develop urban tourism are still focused on other, more “traditional” types of attractions, especially coastal destinations with predominately sea and sun tourism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of local residents in terms of their quality of life and their opinions on the potential shift from predominately coastal tourism to an urban tourism offering. Methodology – The research was conducted within the territory of the city of Opatija using a structured survey questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate statistical methods were used for statistical analysis. Research questions were tested using SPSS. Findings – Findings indicate that the residents of Opatija are not particularly satisfied with elements related to city quality of life. They are the most satisfied with air quality and green spaces, and the least, with public transport and health care. Those residents who are rather dissatisfied with the tourism development of Opatija have a significantly lower level of satisfaction with certain elements of quality of life. Further, residents show interest and support for the development of urban tourism and strongly support the shift from a seasonal distribution towards a more balanced year-round distribution of tourist flows. Contribution – This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on urban tourism and residents' support for urban tourism development. Results can be useful to local decision makers and tourism authorities in creating policies focused on future tourism development, but also in informing and involving local residents, regardless of their connection to tourism, in tourism planning and in understanding its benefits.
CHALLENGES OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Authors: Čapeta Ivan , Fuchs Sara , Manestar Dino
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The paper deals with the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises and small tourism enterprises in the Republic of Croatia during the transformation of business towards sustainability. The answer to these challenges can be seen in the positive effects on the local community through participation in community welfare, preservation of natural and cultural heritage, environmental protection, etc., i.e., through contribution to the sustainable development of tourism. Methodology – The paper presents the results of research obtained by surveying small entrepreneurs in tourism about the characteristics of small businesses and the challenges faced by small businesses in tourism in the Republic of Croatia. The basic hypothesis that small businesses in tourism contribute to the sustainable development of tourism in the Republic of Croatia is proven. Findings – Empirical research has shown the negative impact of business risks, i.e., the challenges faced by small tourism entrepreneurs in their operations, on the sustainable development of tourism (economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability, sustainability of the local community). Contribution – The conducted research can be the basis for further research on small entrepreneurship in tourism and sustainable development of tourism in the Republic of Croatia. It contributes to the enrichment of knowledge about the profile of small entrepreneurs in Croatian entrepreneurship and to the understanding of the challenges that small entrepreneurs face in business.
HALFWAY THERE: DID WE LEARN ANYTHING? - YOUTH PERCEPTION OF SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: Vukadin Marija , Mlađenović Jasmina
Published: October 2023

Purpose – Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have represented a unique framework that aims to achieve balance between economic, environmental and social development. In the overall population, young people are playing an important role in a responsible and sustainable future. The year 2023 represents a year halfway through achieving the 17 SDGs, but awareness of this topic among the young population is still low. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out what young people know about sustainability and the SDGs. The main focus of this paper is on young people from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, aged between 15 and 30 years. Methodology – An online questionnaire was distributed in these two countries and for analysing the data, descriptive statistics and SPSS were used. Findings – According to findings, young people from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia are showing an intermediate level of knowledge. Differences between attitudes and sustainable practices among young people from these two countries are also being detected. Preferable sources of information regarding SDGs are also different, but it is concerning that 1 in 4 respondents from both sample groups are not aware of this topic. Contribution – Until now, there have been frequent studies related to SD and SDGs and young people, but on the territory of these two countries, such studies are not known. This research represents a foundation for future research into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of young people from this part of Europe.
TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA: CAN WE RELY ON TIP, ETHNIC TENSION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT?
Authors: Alang Wung Ernest , Tsafack Nanfosso Roger , Mboutchouang Kountchou Armand
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to analyze the cultural values in Africa on tourism sustainability. This is due to the existence of minimal works in the African context on tourism. Methodology – Adopting the instrumental variable two-stage least square (IV-2SLS) strategy on a panel of 41 African countries within the period 2006-2017, we accustom for potential endogeneity problems with the indicators to explore the theoretical contribution of the study. Findings – Findings show that, African generosity, culture, and social support contribute to the sustainability of the tourism sector in Africa. Implying that, as Africans are more and more supportive, offering tips (time, financial and/or moral help) to strangers/organizations, and the diversity of the African continent in terms of language, nationality, and race strongly contribute to the sustainability of tourism in Africa through a massive annually inflow of tourist. Contribution – Apart from contributing to the sustainable tourism literature, this paper is novel in its scope and methodology alongside its theoretical background. This paper as well indicates the importance of hospitality in the tourism sector of African countries.
PROACTIVE VS RESTRAINED BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO THE CRISIS: UNDERSTANDING THE FUTURE MANAGEMENT PERCEPTION
Authors: Zadel Zrinka , Dragin Aleksandra S. , Mijatov Maja B. , Košić Kristina , Ivančić Ivana
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of pandemic development on Generation Z representatives in the sector of Tourism and Hospitality and their perception regarding required actions for ensuring the business success in times of the crisis. The most important fact is reflected in a sample structure, which obtained representatives of Generation Z, who will soon directly influence the business by taking over majority of leading positions. It was interesting to research reactions to the crisis from the perspective of generation who tackled the crisis for the first time in their life. Methodology – The research was conducted in the period June-October 2021, on the basis of the survey in Rijeka. The sampling obtained 122 students of tourism management. Collected data were analyzed on the basis of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS. Findings – Results shed light on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceptability of responsive and non-responsive management strategies. The research resulted in five factors: Communication strategy, Crisis management strategy, Marketing and financial strategy, Readiness for immediate adaptation to changes and Non-responsive strategy. Contribution – The main contribution is to provide a guideline for developing tourism during the time of the crises, in order to enable a recovery of the economy in wider terms, and tourism in narrow one. The research findings are contributing to a better insight into such behavior, and provide important information for disaster managers, educators, government, and policymakers for adjusting their strategies and management responses to the crisis.
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTAGRAM IN DESTINATION CHOICE FOR GENERATION Z: MEDIATING ROLES OF SOCIAL ESCAPISM MOTIVATION AND PLEASURE
Authors: Čuić Tanković Ana , Vidović Tajana
Published: October 2023

Purpose – Instagram is a social media platform that focuses heavily on visual communication, where photos and videos are shared. The purpose of this paper is to show the possible influences of Instagram on the choice of a travel destination among Generation Z. The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of Instagram influence for destination selection for Generation Z according to the attitude, usage of social media, and information reliability, where social escapism motivation and pleasure have a mediatic effect. Methodology – To understand better the influence of Instagram in destination selection, a theoretical systematization and analysis of previous literature is presented. Primary research was conducted based on an online questionnaire developed from previous research and adapted for the objectives of this paper. The collected data were empirically tested and validated through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings – The results suggest that the effect of Information reliability and Attitude are mediated by Pleasure and Social escapism motivation, while Usage of social media it is not. Attitude and Information reliability have a significant positive effect both on Pleasure and on Social escapism motivation, while Social media usage has not an significant positive effect on Pleasure and Social escapism motivation. Contribution – This research contributes to both theory and practice. It identifies the factors that contribute to importance of Instagram in destination selection for Generation Z. The antecedents as attitude, usage of social media, and information reliability in regards to the Instagram influence prove a scientific contribution of the study while contributes to knowledge of Social escapism motivation and Pleasure playing a mediating role. The practical contribution of the paper is that it presents a better understanding of behavioral intentions of Generation Z that can help destination marketing organizations to develop effective digital marketing strategies.
DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVING SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN FIRST-TIME AND MULTIPLE TIME VISITORS TO A DESTINATION: THE CASE OF THE GORIČKO NATURE PARK, SLOVENIA
Authors: Grah Miran , Fyall Alan , Milfelner Borut , Lebe Sonja Sibila
Published: October 2023

Purpose – In this paper, we intended to a) identify factors of perceived destination image, and b) factors of perceived socially responsible behaviour among visitors to a destination, in which we differentiate between first-time- and multiple time visitors. Methodology – The empirical research is based on an opinion poll conducted in 2022 on two independent samples, a total of 422 visitors in the Goričko Nature Park in Slovenia. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests were used to verify the normality of the data distribution. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples (Mann-Whitney U-test) were used to test the research hypotheses, as the data were not distributed normally. The reliability analysis was done, too. Findings – Results show that differences exist in perceiving the destination image among visitors who visit the destination for the first-time and multiple time visitors: differences in perceived socially responsible behaviour were noticed in the tested groups of “economic” and “environmental” dimensions. No differences, surprisingly, were perceived in the field “social dimension”. Most items forming the economic, social, and environmental dimensions in revisiting tourists are expressed stronger as in the first-time visitors. Contribution – Results highlight items, which tourism destination managers can use for reducing problems of different visitor perceptions. Results also allow tourism destination managers to anticipate future needs and expectations of tourists.
DETEKSI UJARAN KEBENCIAN PADA TWITTER BAHASA INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN MACHINE LEARNING: REVIU LITERATUR
Authors: Dwitama Aditya Perwira Joan
Published: October 2023

Meningkatnya pengguna media sosial mengakibatkan peningkatan aktifitas komunikasi antar warganet dalam media daring. Misalnya media twitter, warganet dapat berkomunikasi melalui twit. Twit pada twitter dapat memiliki sifat negatif dan sifat ini perlu memiliki perhatian khusus karena kemungkinan besar akan mengandung ujaran kebencian. Kasus ujaran kebencian ini kemudian oleh pemerintah diatasi atau dicegah dengan salah satunya Undangundang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2018 pasal 28 ayat 2 tentang ujaran kebencian. Machine learning dalam penerapannya mampu mengolah data dalam bentuk teks atau (text analytic). Artikel ini menyajikan reviu terhadap literatur-literatur yang memanfaatkan machine learning untuk membantu mendeteksi teks yang mengandung ujaran kebencian. Hasil reviu menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terhadap kebencian menggunakan machine learning dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kategori teks; apakah tergolong sebagai ujaran kebencian, serta memprediksi kategori dari ujaran kebencian yang terkandung dalam suatu teks. Algoritma RNN ternyata memiliki akurasi yang terbaik jika dibandingkan dengan algoritma lain yaitu 91%.
COVID-2019/2020 Pandemic Impacts on the Solid Waste Sector of Rio de Janeiro Municipality, Brazil: Analysis of Waste Production, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: de Almeida Ronei , de Souza Teixeira Ronaldo Lúcio
Published: October 2023

Solid waste management is challenging in many countries, especially developing economies. The impacts of the pandemic continue to be felt and have indicated secondary impacts on waste management. This work draws on data on household solid waste (HSW), healthcare waste (HCW), and recyclables collected in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, analyzed from January 2018 to December 2022. As expected, the collection of HCW in Rio de Janeiro municipality experienced a noticeable increase in 2020 and 2021, with an average of 46.9 tons and 54.3 tons collected, respectively. Notably, 2021 saw a significant 30% increase compared to 2019 (p-value<0.001). No significant difference was observed in recyclables collected from 2018 to 2021. The average recyclable amount was 3,638 and 3,747 tons per month in 2020 and 2021. In contrast, the monthly amount was equal to 4,819.5 tons in 2022, representing an increase higher than 32% compared to previous years (p-value<0.05). Our findings can be used to adapt and improve waste systems to cope with similar emergency scenarios in the future, serving as a template for municipalities with similar challenges.
Thyroid Hormone and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Therapeutic Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (Masld)
Authors: Ramanathan Raghu , Patwa Sohum A , Ali Ahmad Hassan , Ibdah Jamal A
Published: October 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a widespread global health concern that affects around 25% of the global population. Its influence is expanding, and it is anticipated to overtake alcohol as the leading cause of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no approved therapies for MASLD; as such, national and international regulatory health agencies undertook strategies and action plans designed to expedite the development of drugs for treatment of MASLD. A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet intake are important risk factors. Western countries have a greater estimated prevalence of MASLD partly due to lifestyle habits. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of MASLD. Further, it has been speculated that mitophagy, a type of mitochondrial quality control, may be impaired in MASLD. Thyroid hormone (TH) coordinates signals from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to control mitochondrial biogenesis and function in hepatocytes. Mitochondria are known TH targets and preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TH, thyroid receptor β (TR-β) analogs, and synthetic analogs specific to liver could be of therapeutic benefit in treating MASLD. In this review, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to development of MASLD, and how understanding the role of TH in improving mitochondrial function paved the way for innovative drug development programs of TH-based therapies targeting MASLD.
Condition, Reproductive Fitness, and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Brook Stickleback: Responses to Anthropogenic Runoff
Authors: Mundahl Neal D. , Hoffmann Kelsey A.
Published: October 2023

Multiple indicators have been used to assess the degree of exposure of fish to anthropogenic chemicals in their stream habitats. We hypothesized that brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in a headwater stream receiving urban and agricultural runoff (South Fork Whitewater River, SFWR) would exhibit poorer condition, reduced reproductive fitness, and greater left side-to-right side morphological asymmetry (i.e., fluctuating asymmetry or FA) than would fish from a nearby headwater stream with a forested drainage basin (Garvin Brook). Male and female fish were collected from both streams just prior to spawning in 2013-2015. In 2013 and 2014, fish were assessed for overall condition (Fulton’s K) and internal measures of condition (hepatosomatic index, HSI) and reproductive fitness (gonadosomatic index [GSI], total egg count, egg weight). In 2015, measurements of head length, jaw length, eye diameter, pectoral fin length, and pelvic fin length were made on both sides of each fish for use in assessing degree of FA. We observed declining condition with fish size, increased liver size, and reduced egg counts and egg size in female brook stickleback in SFWR relative to those from Garvin Brook. SFWR females had significantly higher FA than Garvin females for all structures assessed except pelvic fin length. FA also was slightly higher for all structures in SFWR males compared to Garvin males, but differences were not significant. A composite FA index combining all measurements from an individual fish into a single value displayed highly significant differences for female fish (SFWR FA >> Garvin FA), but not for male fish (SFWR FA = Garvin FA). Exposure of brook stickleback to reduced water quality in SFWR during early development appears to increase morphological asymmetry in female (but not male) fish, and continuing exposure to compromised water quality throughout life impacts both general condition and reproductive fitness of stickleback, especially older female fish, in SFWR.
Creating Trustworthy LLMs: Dealing with Hallucinations in Healthcare AI
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Yaramic Ilker , Roy Taposh Dutta
Published: October 2023

Large language models have proliferated across multiple domains in as short period of time. There is however hesitation in the medical and healthcare domain towards their adoption because of issues like factuality, coherence, and hallucinations. Give the high stakes nature of healthcare, many researchers have even cautioned against its usage until these issues are resolved. The key to the implementation and deployment of LLMs in healthcare is to make these models trustworthy, transparent (as much possible) and explainable. In this paper we describe the key elements in creating reliable, trustworthy, and unbiased models as a necessary condition for their adoption in healthcare. Specifically we focus on the quantification, validation, and mitigation of hallucinations in the context in healthcare. Lastly, we discuss how the future of LLMs in healthcare may look like.
Healthcare workers' Knowledge about the segregation process of Infectious Waste Management in a Hospital
Authors: Miamiliotis Andreas , Talias Michael A.
Published: October 2023

Any Hospital’s primary goal is to restore human health and save lives through health services provided to patients, but at the same time, hazardous wastes are produced. Inconsistent management of unsafe wastes might cause adverse effects and other issues to workers, the environment and public health. Segregation is considered the critical stage for a successful Healthcare Waste Management. Mixing hazardous waste with non-hazardous waste will be avoided by correctly applying practices at the segregation stage. This study aimed to assess personnel’s knowledge about Infectious Medical Waste and segregation practices used at six wards in Nicosia General Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPPS) version 25 was used with a minimum statistical significance α=0.05. The study population was nurses, nurse assistants, ward assistants and cleaners working at the study wards. Out of 191 questionnaires, 82 were received, with a response rate of 42.93%. Most participants were female (72%) and nurses (85,4%). Participants had medium to good knowledge about Infectious Medical Waste management and good knowledge regarding segregation practices applied in their ward. Segregation was not carried out as it should have since most participants stated that Infectious Medical Wastes were mixed with non-hazardous waste. Correct answers given by the participants regarding color-coding of different Healthcare Waste categories was 67.5%, and only four answered correctly to all questions. Although participants knew segregation practices and the colour-coding process applied for Healthcare Waste, they didn’t use them satisfactorily. They applied methods regarding segregation without specific training, knowledge and guidance. Due to the issue's importance, training programs must be implemented and performed.
Segmental rib index and spinal deformity: aetiological implications
Authors: GRIVAS Theodoros B. , Jevtic Nikola , Ljubojevic Danka , Pjanic Samra , Golic Filip , Vasiliadis Elias
Published: October 2023

The aim of this report is to evaluate the segmental rib index (RI) from T1-T12 spinal level in mild and moderate idiopathic scoliosis (IS) curves of thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar type by gender. The relationship of segmental RI to the frontal plane radiological deformity presented as the Cobb angle and to the posterior truncal surface deformity presented as the scoliometric readings of Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR) in these patients is also assessed. Any statistical significant rela-tionship of these parameters would be very important for biomechanical relations of the rib cage (RC) deformity presented as the rib hump deformity (RHD) and the deformity in the spine and it would thus provide valuable information about scoliogeny. The segmental rib index (RI) is presented in 83 boys and girls with mild and moderate IS. The measurements include the scoliometric readings for truncal asymmetry (TA), the Cobb angle assessment and the segmental RI from T1-T12. The statistical package SPSS 23 was used for statistical analysis. The TA is documented and the Cobb angle is presented by gender and curve type. The segmental RI of thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar curves are presented for the first time. The correlations of the segmental RI to surface deformity presented as the rib hump deformity (RHD) in all IS patients and particularly in thoracic curves, to Cobb angle by gender and age and the comparison of the segmental RI index of asymmetric but not scoliotic children to the scoliotic peers by curve (in thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar curves) in boys and girls are presented. The findings emphasize the significant protagonistic role of the thoracic asymmetry in relation to the spinal deformity mainly in girls for the thoracic and in boys for the thoracolumbar curves. The cut-off point of age of the examined scoliotics is 14 years, that is when the RI shows stronger correlation with the spinal deformity, namely when the thoracic deformity is decisively effective to the developing thoracic spinal deformity, in terms of Cobb angle. In summary, the results of this study provide aetiological implications for IS, as far as the role of thorax is con-cerned.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment worsens liver reserve in patients with NAFLD/NASH-associated liver cancer more than in those with non-NAFLD/non-NASH-associated liver cancer
Authors: Sugimoto Rie , Motomura Kenta , Satoh Takeaki , Tanaka Yuki , Yamashita Shinsaku , Higuchi Nobito , Koyanagi Toshimasa , Nakamura Tsukasa , Tanaka Masatake , Azuma Yuuki , Goya Takeshi , Kuwano Akifumi , Ooho Aritsune , Ooe Mari , Mutsuki Taiji , Kuniyoshi Masami , Kurosaka Kazuki , Morita Yusuke , Tada Seiya , Aratake Yoshifusa , Yoshimoto Tsuyoshi , Senju Takeshi , Kurashige Tomoyuki , Harada Shigeru , Ueda Akihiro , Miyazaki Masayuki , Nakamuta Makoto , Kohjima Motoyuki
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Although multiple studies have reported on the therapeutic effects of Atezo+Bev for the treatment of NASH-related liver cancer, few studies have focused on its effect on liver reserve. Here, we aimed to compare the changes in hepatic reserve during the Atezo+Bev treatment of NAFLD/NASH-related HCC and of non-NAFLD/non-NASH-related HCC. (2) Methods: We retrospectively compared the changes in ALBI score in 109 patients with NAFLD/NASH or non-NAFLD/non-NASH during 12 weeks of treatment with Atezo+Bev for advanced HCC between September 2019 and January 2022. PSM was performed, and the OS, PFS, and PPS of the two groups were compared. (3)Results: The ALBI after 12 weeks of Atezo+Bev treatment was significantly worse in the NAFLD/NASH group than in the non-NAFLD/non-NASH group. Analysis of the 24 propensity score-matched pairs of cases with NAFLD/NASH or non-NAFLD non-NASH yielded similar results. The prognoses of the two groups were similar with respect to OS and PFS, but the NAFLD/NASH group had a significantly shorter PPS. The 24 matched pairs had similar OS and PFS, but the PPS of the NAFLD/NASH group was shorter. (4)Conclusion: Atezo+Bev treatment may worsen hepatic reserve, and there-fore life expectancy, in patients with NAFLD/NASH-related liver cancer.
Menarche In Scoliotic And Non-Scoliotic Balkan Girls And Relation Between Menarche And Laterality Of Scoliotic Curves
Authors: PJANIC Samra , Jevtic Nikola , Grivas Theodoros B.
Published: October 2023

Background: Menarche as an important parameter in assessment of scoliosis progression in girls is proven to be dependent on geographical latitude. The aim of the study was to determine whether the age of menarche differs in scoliotic and non-scoliotic Balkan girls and the relation between menarche and laterality of scoliotic curves. Participants and methods: Retrospective study with three groups: scoliotic, non-scoliotic and control group. Patients data collection and analysis was approved by the Ethical committee of the Institute. Statistical analysis: Program SPSS 24 was used and included One-way ANOVA, Fisher’s and Chi-squared test to compare different groups. Statistical significance was defined as p<0,05. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in age of menarche between the three groups (p=0,168). In scoliotic postmenarchal group, primary right curve was dominant in 54,80%, while in scoliotic premenarchal group primary left curve was dominant in 60,09% (p<0,01). Conclusion: In Bosnia & Herzegovina and Serbia Balkan girls, there was no significant difference in age of menarche between scoliotic and non-scoliotic girls. A significant difference was found in laterality of primary curve in premenarchal and postmenarchal scoliotic girls.
A Comprehensive Analysis of State-Wise Literacy Rates in India
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH
Published: October 2023

This research article examines the state-wise literacy rates in India, with a focus on male and female literacy, as well as the disparities between them. The data was sourced from a survey conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO), with a special emphasis on Union Territories and Northeastern states based on the 2011 Census. Kerala boasts the highest literacy rate at 96.2%, while Andhra Pradesh reports the lowest at 66.4%. Notably, the national male-female literacy gap stands at 12.9%. Kerala also demonstrates the smallest gender gap at 2.2%, while Rajasthan exhibits the highest at 23.3%. Through descriptive and explorative analysis, this article provides a comprehensive overview of literacy rates across various Indian states and Union Territories, highlighting the significant disparities that exist.
Enhanced Precision and Safety in Thermal Ablation: O-arm CBCT-MRI Fusion for Spinal Column Tumor Targeting
Authors: Aslan Siran , Al-Smadi Mohammad Walid , Kozma István , Viola Árpad
Published: October 2023

Spinal metastatic tumors are common and often cause debilitating symptoms. Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation (IPTA) has gained significant recognition in managing spinal column tumors due to its exceptional precision and effectiveness. Conventional guidance modalities, including computed tomography, fluoroscopy, and ultrasound, have been important in targeting spinal column tumors while minimizing harm to adjacent critical structures. This study presents a novel approach utilizing a fusion of Cone Beam Computed Tomography with Magnetic Resonance Imaging to guide percutaneous thermal ablation for four patients with secondary spinal column tumors. The visual analog scale (VAS) evaluated procedure effectiveness during an 18-month follow-up. Percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in two cases, and a thermostat was used during all procedures. Imaging was performed using the Stealth Station navigation system Spine 8 (SSS8) and a 1.5T MRI machine. The fusion of CBCT with MRI allowed precise tumor localization and guidance for thermal ablation. Initial results indicate successful tumor ablation and symptom reduction, emphasizing the potential of CBCT-MRI fusion in spinal column tumor management. This innovative approach is promising in optimizing therapy for secondary spinal column tumors. Further studies are necessary to validate its efficacy and applicability.
Local Effects of Steroid Hormones within the Bone Microenvironment
Authors: Sandor Luca Fatime , Ragacs Reka , Gyori David Sandor
Published: October 2023

Steroid hormone production by adrenal cortex, gonads and placenta (so called glandular steroidogenesis) is responsible for the endocrine control of the body’s homeostasis and organized by a feedback regulatory mechanism based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-steroidogenic gland axis. On the other hand, recently discovered extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring locally in different tissues is rather linked to paracrine or autocrine signaling and it is independent of the control by the hypothalamus and pituitary. Bone cells, such as bone-forming osteoblast, osteoblast-derived osteocytes and bone-resorbing osteoclasts respond to steroid hormones produced by both glandular and extraglandular steroidogenesis. Recently, new techniques to identify steroid hormones as well as synthetic steroids and steroidogenesis inhibitors have been introduced, which greatly empowered steroid hormone research. Based on recent literature and new advances in the field, here we review the local role of steroid hormones in regulating bone homeostasis and skeletal lesion formation. The novel idea of extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring within the skeletal system raises the possibility of the development of new therapies for the treatment of bone diseases.
Evaluation of the possible impact of the fear of hypoglycaemia on diabetes management in children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and their parents - A cross-sectional study.
Authors: ANDREOPOULOU OURANIA , Kostopoulou Eirini , Kotanidou Eleni , Daskalaki Sophia , Vakka Angeliki , Galli-Tsinopoulou Assimina , Spiliotis Bessie E
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Hypoglycaemia represents a significant source of anxiety for children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their caretakers. Fear of hypoglycaemia (FoH) was measured in children and adolescents with T1DM as well as in their parents, using an established research instrument, the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey (HFS).
Methods
This is a two-centre cross-sectional study involving 100 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years old, diagnosed with T1DM. One parent of each child also participated in the study. The participants, who were recruited from two different Paediatric Endocrine Outpatient Clinics, were asked to complete the translated Greek version of the HFS, which includes one version for children (C-HFS) and one for parents (P-HFS). The association of the questionnaire responses with subjects’ characteristics, such as current age, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels and mode of diabetes treatment and were assessed.
Results
Parents exhibited significantly higher mean HFS scores than their children. No significant correlation was found between the P-HFS or the C-HFS scores and the age of children, duration of diabetes, HbA1c or mode of treatment.
Conclusion
The finding that parents experience increased levels of FoH compared to their children emphasizes the importance of healthcare providers screening for parental FoH and focusing on approaches to support them, in order to reduce their psychological burden and thus optimize children’s diabetes management.
Deciphering the Prognostic Significance of WDR77 in Gliomas: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Lu Hanwen , Zhang Bingchang , Wang Zhanxiang
Published: October 2023

Biologically, the WDR77 gene is implicated in the occurrence and development of various clinical malignant tumors. However, its precise role in glioma remains unclear. Therefore, in this study we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the biological functions of WDR77 in glioma. Transcriptome data was obtained from CGGA (mRNAseq-693, mRNAseq-325) and TCGA databases for analysis. A total of 699 glioma samples from the TCGA database were used as the training cohort, while 1018 samples from CGGA were used as the validation cohort. Our analysis revealed that WDR77 was significantly overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and mesenchymal subtype gliomas. Survival analysis indicated that elevated WDR77 gene expression was associated with poor prognostic outcomes for high-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM). Gene co-expression analysis demonstrated high correlation between WDR77 and glioma cell cycle, metabolism, and immune processes. Overall, we identified WDR77 as a new biomarker closely associated with the malignant phenotype and poor prognostic outcomes for glioma, playing an important role in regulating the cell cycle and immune processes.
Local Government Accessory Dwelling Unit Policies After State Preemption in California
Authors: Wielga Christopher
Published: October 2023

While local governments retain dominant control over land use in the United States, state governments are increasingly interested in preempting local governments in this area. This article focuses on how local governments in California responded to preemption on the maximum unit size of Accessory Dwelling Units. Using the Terner Center Land Use Survey, and reviewing local government policies, I compare local Accessory Dwelling Unit policies before and after the preemption. I find that local governments responded to state preemptions that created a lower bound of the maximum unit size. Governments below this minimum standard largely moved to comply with it, but those above the standard also appear to have moved their policies to be lower than they were prior to the preemption. Local governments also responded to changes in preemptions that precluded minimum lot sizes, suggesting that the governments who brought their maximum size down were indeed responding to the preemption.