bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curcumin as a complementary treatment in COVID-19
Authors: Modesto dos Santos Vitorino , Modesto Sugai Taciana Arruda , Modesto Laura Campos , Modesto Julia Campos
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available.
Implementation of CBIR Method for Identification of Corn Disease Using Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Purnomo Hendri , Mudjirahardjo Panca , Pramono Sholeh Hadi
Published: January 2022

Various artificial neural network methods and digital image processing techniques have been applied in agriculture. Previous researchers have proposed methods for identification or detection of plant diseases, such as using K-NN, support vector machine (SVM), backpropagation and so on. The disease attack can reduce the amount of agricultural productivity and result in other material losses for farmers. Plant diseases can be observed from the physical and color changes of the affected parts such as roots, stems and leaves. However, with the development of computer vision technology, observations can be assisted by image processing methods and artificial neural networks, for automation in agriculture. This study proposes a method of applying digital image processing with artificial neural networks to identify corn plant diseases. The purpose of this research is as a comparative study of the proposed method with other conventional methods. The methods used are content based image retrieval (CBIR) and extreme learning machine (ELM). Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is the process of searching for an image in a database by comparing the features in the query image with the features that have been stored in the image database. Meanwhile, extreme learning machine (ELM) is an artificial neural network with one hidden layer or single hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFNs). The feature extraction used consists of 3 features, namely color, shape, and texture feature extraction. The dataset consists of 3 types of images, namely images of healthy leaves, leaf spot disease, and rust disease. The ELM artificial neural network serves as a classifier that classifies the types of diseases based on the given feature extraction. The proposed system is able to identify the type of disease based on the pattern that appears on the leaf surface with the highest precision of 0.9922.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Females with Genital Infections from Central Kerala, India
Authors: Rajan Sneha , Nair Suryakala R
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Genital mycoplasmas namely Mycoplasma Hominis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum are sexually transmitted disease pathogens which are associated with genital infections, infertility, obstetric and neonatal complications. The pathogenesis, prevalence, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of genital mycoplasmas in Indian women have been studied very minimally. Aim: To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of M.hominis and U.urealyticum among females presenting with genital tract infections Materials and Methods: The hospital-based descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out among 120 females of reproductive age group (15-49 years) attending Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre in central Kerala, India, from January 2018 to December 2018. Endocervical/ vaginal/urethral samples were collected depending on the clinical presentation. Detection, quantitation and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of M.hominis and U.urealyticum were performed using Mycoplasma IST 2 Kit. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5 and statistical association was analysed using Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was 25.83%. U.urealyticum infection was present in 20 (20.8%) and M.hominis infection was present in 12 (10%) of the patients. Age group of 26-35 years was commonly affected. All isolates showed high susceptibility rates to doxycycline, josamycin and pristinamycin. Intermediate to high resistance was noted to commonly prescribed macrolides and quinolones. Conclusion: Genital mycoplasmas are prevalent in one-fourth of the study population with U.urealyticum infections being more common than M.hominis infections. The increased resistance rates to quinolones and macrolides warrants the need for routine screening and antibiotic susceptibility testing of these pathogens.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Hand Grip Strength and Acute Effect of Grip Strength Test on Blood Pressure in Young Adults
Authors: Abdullatif Noor , Rizvi Aiman , Narayanan Sareesh Naduvil
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Isometric Hand Grip (IHG) strength measurement is extensively used in many areas of medicine and sport science as a functional test of overall strength. By testing the IHG strength, maximum isometric strength of the hand and forearm muscles can be estimated. Weak hand grip strength is a key component of sarcopenia and is associated with subsequent disability and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the role of handedness, gender, ethnicity, Body Mass Index (BMI) on hand grip strength and to examine the acute effect of grip strength test on blood pressure in young adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done between November 2018-November 2019 on normal healthy participants (n=83; average age 20.24±0.21 years) representing various ethnicities. Participants’ demographic data was collected and their IHG strength was determined in both dominant and non dominant hand. Blood pressure was recorded before and after the IHG strength test. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between resting blood pressure/BMI with IHG strength. Results: A total of 83 subjects of different ethnicities and both male and female genders were included in the study. The IHG strength was not influenced by handedness in both the sexes. Amongst males, IHG strength was found to be slightly higher in the Arab population as compared to South-asian and Emirati. A lower IHG strength was observed in females compared to males in every ethnicity studied. Moderate positive correlation was found between IHG strength with BMI (dominant hand IHG strength vs BMI: r=0.34; p-value <0.001, non dominant hand IHG strength vs BMI: r=0.35; p-value <0.001) and with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (r=0.55; p-value ≤0.0001) (SBP). Both the SBP and Diastolic Blood Pressures (DBP) were observed to be reduced after IHG strength test. Conclusion: Handedness did not influence IHG strength, but, ethnicity mildly and gender significantly influenced it. Blood pressure was reduced by IHG test. The IHG strength was positively correlated with BMI and SBP.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, Southern India
Authors: Sujatha VS , Jasmine KA , Sureshbaboo VK , Anitha PM
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis caused by a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus. The mode of transmission is fecal-oral route and the risk factors include unsafe water, poor personal hygiene and sanitation. Even though seroprevalence rate is high in low socio-economic regions, it is low in urban areas and the need of vaccination is looked for. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A in medical students of Southern India. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the medical students of Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India. Blood samples of 377 students during the year 2015-2018 were taken. These students were in their 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year MBBS course who admitted in the years 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) kits for anti HAV IgG antibodies were used. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 377 participants 238 (63.2%) were females and 139 (36.8%) were males. A total of 51 (13.5%) were positive for IgG antibodies. A total of 43 were in 21-22 age group with a p-value >0.05. An association of seropositivity and seronegativity with frequency of dining out pattern was there with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of hepatitis A was found in a declining stage hence, vaccination against hepatitis A should be included in the National Immunisation Schedule.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Carbapenemase Producers in Gram Negative Bacteria causing Blood Stream Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Kumar Harit , Bala Rosy , Garg Ritu , Chauhan Jyoti , Chauhan Shubham , Singh Ujjwala , Singh Shreya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Blood Stream Infections (BSI) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients at initial stages are acute infections which might even become life threatening. In developing countries, increasing antimicrobial resistance and emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase has also added an extra burden on physicians. Aim: To study the prevalence of emergence of ESBL and carbapenemase producing Gram Negative Bacteria (GNB) causing BSI in ICU patients. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1537 blood samples which were received in duration of two years from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Haryana, India from various ICUs. A 5-7 mL of blood was aseptically added to BACTEC bottles and bottles after proper labeling were inserted into the machine and incubated upto five days. 0.1 mL of broth from positively flagged bottles was cultured on Blood and MacConkey Agar. These plates were incubated at 37oC for 24 hours and processed as per standard microbiological procedures. Data was entered locally and calculated on the Microsoft Excel database. Results: Among 1537 samples, 263 (17.11%) samples were flagged positive by BACTEC system. On culture out of 263 samples, 51 (19.40%) were Gram Positive Cocci (GPC), 21 (07.98%) were Candida spp. and 191 (72.62%) were GNB. Among 191 Gram negative isolates, Escherichia coli 64 (33.51%) was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella spp. 60 (31.41%). For all gram negative isolates, meropenem was the most sensitive drug followed by imipenem. Tigecycline (81.25%) was the second most effective drug against Acinetobacter baumannii. ESBL detection was done by Combine Disc Test on 124 samples (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.) which showed Klebsiella spp. 25 (20.16%) as the highest ESBL producing organism The rate of carbapenemase producer was 20 (10.45%) among all the gram negative isolates. Conclusion: For BSI in ICU patients, culture and sensitivity along with screening for prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers should be done prior to starting antibiotics.
The Rising Threat of Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa- A Nightmare for Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Shukla Shivendra Dutt , Gupta Geeta , Khatoon Razia , Jain Ritu , Gupta Ankita
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Multidrug Resistant (MDR), Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) and Pan Drug Resistant (PDR) variants manifest a high level of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial drugs by the help of efflux pump, biofilm formation and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. The potentiality of Pseudomonas spp. to produce variety of drug resistance mechanism has led to evolution of drug resistant phenotypes this poses a challenge for clinicians in the treatment of severe infection among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Aim: To determine the phenotypic profiling of b-lactamases and burden of MDR, XDR and PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in ICU patients. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional prospective study was carried in the Department of Microbiology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, after permission from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). A total of 115 isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from 502 human clinical samples from January 2019 to February 2021 and all the clinical samples were non duplicate. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was performed for all isolates by standard Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Phenotypic profiling of Extended Spectrum b-Lactamase (ESBL), Metallo b-Lactamase (MBL) and Ampicillinase C (AmpC) was performed by disc potentiation test; Imipenemase (IMP) - Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) combined disc test and Cefoxitin Cloxacillin Double Disc Synergy Test (CC-DDST), respectively. The obtained results were statistically analysed in numbers and percentages using MS Excel 2013 version. Results: Out of 502 total human clinical samples, 115 isolates were P. aeruginosa giving the prevalence rate of 23%. Among 115 Pseudomonas isolates, 60 (52%) were MDR phenotypes, 8 (7%) were XDR phenotypes and there was no PDR phenotypes isolated in present study as all isolates were sensitive to Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid, Colistin and Polymyxin B. Out of 115 isolates, 59 (51%) were ESBL producers, 26 (23%) were MBL producers, and 6 (5%) were AmpC producers. Conclusion: Strict antibiotic policies and regular surveillance programme of antimicrobial resistance must be tailored to fend off the emergence of drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Comparative Approach of the Antibiotics Susceptibility of some Bacterial Strains Concurrently Isolated from Raw Milk and Cattle Feed (Water and Fodder) from some Farms in the West Region of Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Bahebeck P. Ngo , Metsopkeng C. S. , Eheth J. S. , Arfao A. Tamsa , Njoya A. Manouore , Yogne Y. Poutoum , Tamekou S. Lacmata , Pougue H. Bayemi , Noah Ewoti O. V. , Moungang L. M. , Nana P. A. , Masseret E. , Sime-Ngando T. , Nola M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Foodborne resistant bacteria have become a challenge to food security. Milk and milk products are easy vectors of transmission of foodborne pathogens, these being the main sources of human infection by antimicrobial resistant pathogens. The present study aimed at making a comparative approach of the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of 3 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp.) isolated from milk, drinking water and green fodder consumed by cows in the West Cameroon region (Central Africa).

Methodology: A total of 48 raw milk samples, 48 water samples and 48 green fodder samples were collected during the year 2020 and subjected to culture and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the antibiotic disc diffusion method.

Results: Escherichia coli isolates showed high resistance (56-100%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in all three samples. Salmonella spp. isolates showed resistance to ampicillin only (62, 67 and 67%). Brucella spp. strains isolated from raw milk and drinking water showed high sensitivity (78-100%) to azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. Antibiotic sensitivity/resistance to Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains largely did not differ between samples (P>0.05). No difference in sensitivity/resistance (P>0.05) of Brucella spp. strains isolated from milk and water was observed with respect to the 10 antibiotics tested.

Conclusions: The emergence of resistance to various antibiotics commonly used in medical and veterinary practices has important implications for public health. It seems necessary to strengthen of the regulations covering the sale and prescription of antibiotics.
Bio-based Products for Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsification/Demulsification Processes: An Update
Authors: Ogechi Okoye , Akaranta Onyewuchi
Published: January 2022

There has been an increase in demand for green demulsifiers that will be as effective as the chemical demulsifiers but without the negative environmental effects. This demand has been partly addressed with the production of some bio-based demulsifiers. It is of importance to know the substances that act as emulsifiers in the production of crude oil and understand the mechanism of emulsification. This paper has reviewed emulsifiers and the mechanism of emulsification as well as bio-based demulsifiers and their mechanisms. This will enhance our knowledge on the type of compounds that can be used in the formation of effective demulsifiers. Innovation of these demulsifiers will enhance crude oil production and in the long run boost profitability and environmental sustainability. Currently, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives are in use for the formulation of effective green demulsifiers for water-in-crude oil emulsions.
Effects of Bilateral Ovariectomy (OVX) on Thermoregulation and Blood Constituents in Adult Nubian Goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Saeed Initisar Hassan , Mohamed Abdelatif Abdalla , Alameen Ahmed Omer
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effects of bilateral surgical ovariectomy on thermoregulation and blood constituents in adult Nubian goats.

Materials and Methods: Twenty female goats were randomly assigned into 2 groups, group A served as control and group B was subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) by standard surgical method and monitored for 4 weeks. The effect of OVX on rectal temperature (Tr), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW) and blood components were investigated. The data were analyzed using an independent sample T-test.

Results: In OVX group, both Tr and RR decreased during the experimental period. Tr decreased (p<0.05) at week 4 and (HR) (p<0.01) increased at week 2 in OVX group. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBCs) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) declined (p<0.05) in OVX group at week 1. Also, in OVX group, the total leukocyte count (TLC) increased (p<0.01) at week 1 and neutrophils ratio (p<0.05) at week 2. Both total protein and albumin levels in OVX group were decreased significantly (p<0.01) in weeks 1 and 2. Glucose level increased (p<0.001) at week 1 in OVX group. The serum levels of urea, GOT and GPT of OVX group were relatively higher compared with control group values.

Conclusions: The study concluded that ovariectomy induced variable effects on thermoregulation, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in adult Nubian goats .
A New Trivariate Semicopula Using Rüschendorf Method
Authors: Abd EL-Monsef M. M. E. , Seyam M. M. , Elsobky S. M.
Published: January 2022

In this paper we have introduced semicopula function by using Rüschendorf method, semicopula  which is related to correlation between one or more random variables and this way is more flexible than traditional correlation approaches and dependency among variables. Every semicopula has density associated with it, which is similar to the probability density of a multivariate distribution. Our purpose is developing a new trivariate semicopula under conditions which is a trivariate cumulative distribution with uniform marginal distribution on the interval [0,1].  In order to choose a random function under specific conditions, we rely on utilizing Rüschendorf method. As a result, we will discuss that in this paper. In this theme we select an arbitrary trivariate function which adopts the Rüschendorf conditions to acquire anew function; which supposed to be a density of copula with dependence parameter. According to the evidence, we have got a semicopula function.  Therefore, we can say that a semicopula is a copula function despite of missing increasing property.
Induction of Extracellular Lytic Enzymes from Aureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Adriana , Gómez Monica Banda , Cárdenas González Juan Fernando , Martínez Juárez Víctor Manuel , Domínguez Erika Enriquez , Tovar Oviedo Juana , Contreras Briones Dalila , Acosta Rodríguez Ismael
Published: January 2022

Aims: The objective of this work was to analyze the production of some extracellular lytic enzymes of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.

Methodology: The fungus was isolated from Valencian orange and was cultivated on Mathur medium modified with polygalacturonic acid (2% w/v) or xylan (2% w/v) as a carbon source, and they were incubated at 28°C, with constant stirring at 100 rpm, and at different times, the supernatant was harvested by filtration, and the extracellular lytic activity was determined by the Nelson method modified by Somogy, as well as the extracellular protein by the Lowry method.

Results: The production of extracellular polygalacturonase and xylanase was induced, finding that the former has an optimal induction time at 7 days, with glutamic acid as a nitrogen source, and is stable at 4°C and 28°C and an optimal temperature and activity times of 60-80°C and 4 hours, while xylanase presents an optimal induction time of 9 days, with glutamic acid as nitrogen source, and very stable at 4 and 28°C, with optimal temperature and time of activity of 28°C and 8 hours.

Conclusion: The fungus exhibits both polygalacturonase and xylanase activity. The polygalacturonase activity has a maximum induction time at 7 days, while xylanase has an optimal induction time at 9 days of incubation at 28°C. The xylanase activity was very stable at 4°C and 28°C, as it retains an activity of 100% at both temperatures after five days of incubation, while polygalacturonase retains 82.5% of its initial activity at 4°C, and 56.7% at 28°C.
Induction of Embryogenic Callus in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by Cotyledon, Nucellus and Testa with Antioxidants Effect
Authors: S. A. Akakpo Bénédicte , Anani Houngue Jerome , T. Badou Bienvenu , S. Houédjissin Serge , Todjro Cacaï Gilles Habib , Dossou Joseph , Ahanhanzo Corneille
Published: January 2022

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the influence of different growth regulators combined with antioxidants on the induction of callus with different explants in cashew.

Materials and Methods: Nucellar tissues, cotyledons and testa from elite tree nuts are cultured on media that differ in their concentration of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP: 0 mg/l; 0.25 mg/l; 0.5 mg/l) and Acid 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D: 0 mg/l; 0.8 mg/l). Therefore, for the control of the browning of the explants, the effect of activated charcoal and polyvinylpyrrolidone was tested. The amount of callus formed is evaluated after 28 days and after 90 days by simple observation according to a given scale. 

Results: Analysis of variance of callus formation 28 days after the culture of explants shows that the interaction between growth regulators and antioxidants significantly influences (p < 0.05) the induction of callus. The combination BAP 0.25mg/l and 2,4-D 0.8mg/l produces on average more callus (0.47 ± 0.00). There is a very significant difference (P < 0.05 to p<0.001) in the effect of growth regulators and antioxidants on obtaining callus after 90 days of cultivation. The 0.25 mg/l combination of BAP and 0.8 mg/l of 2,4-D still appears to be the best combination of growth regulators for callus with 58% of callus formed. Cotyledons in the presence of PVP respond better than activated charcoal. The nucellus are the explants that respond better in the presence of activated charcoal. The test for Least Significant Difference reveals that PVP significantly promotes (p <0.05) the production of a large number of calli (77%) unlike activated charcoal (9%) after 90 days of culture.

Conclusion: Summary, for obtaining viable and embryogenic callus in cashew, the combination of BAP at 0.25 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of 2,4-D is the best and this in the presence of PVP with cotyledons.
Screening of Maize Inbred Lines under Artificial Epiphytotic Condition for Turcicum Leaf Blight Resistance
Authors: Jakhar Dan Singh , Singh Rajesh , Singh S. K. , Srivastava R. P.
Published: January 2022

Maize is the leading cereal crop worldwide with wide adaptability and high productivity potential. Foliar diseases are arguably the major biotic constraints for maize yield. Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB) is considered to be the most persistent and destructive maize disease among various foliar diseases. The present study is an attempt to screen forty maize inbreds for resistance against TLB under artificially inoculated field conditions. The experiment was conducted in two different environments, viz. Varanasi (E1) and Nagenahalli (E2) to know the disease reaction of maize inbreds for two successive years. Screening of 40 maize inbreds revealed, 10 resistant, 13 partial resistant, 7 partial susceptible and 10 susceptible in Varanasi whereas at Nagenahalli, 3 resistant, 6 partial resistant, 14 partial susceptible, 7 susceptible and 10 highly susceptible genotypes. Based on this study, the selected resistant lines will be used in future breeding programs and could potentially be used to develop promising genotypes with suitable levels of resistance.
Computational Modelling and Antioxidant Activities of Substituted N-(Methoxysalicylidene) Anilines
Authors: Abidemi Iyewumi Demehin,
Published: January 2022

The computational modelling and total antioxidants activities of three N-(methoxysalicylidene) anilines namely N- (methoxysalicylidene)aniline [I], N-(methoxysalicylidene)-4-chloroaniline [II] and N-(methoxysalicylidene)-5-chloro-2-methylaniline [III] were reported. The compounds were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Quantum chemical computations were also performed on the optimized structures of the compounds using Density Functional Theory. The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectra of the compounds were calculated and the results likened to the equivalent experimental spectra to enhance the structural identification. The calculated infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectra were comparable to the experimental spectra. The total antioxidant capacities of the Schiff bases were evaluated by phosphomolybdenum assay and the results indicated that all the synthesized compounds displayed antioxidant activities.
Role of Trace Elements in Heart Failure
Authors: Lekurwale Vedant , Turankar Tileshkumar , Acharya Sourya , Inamdar Anil
Published: January 2022

This study more on the role of trace elements such as iron(Fe), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), cobalt(Co), selenium(sn) on the medicinal conditions like heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion, keshan’s disease and various other cardiovascular diseases. This study highlights the levels of individual trace elements or the elements which are present in minute quantities either it is a deficiency or in excess which can lead to various different cardiac diseases such mainly focusing on heart failure. it also stresses on the side of heart failure as it may be right-sided or left sided based on the location of deficiency. In an averagely built human adult, 0.02percent constitute of eleven essential trace elements. It also discusses that inadequate consumption of these minor elements via diet may lead to pathological conditions of heart. This study also throws light on the classification of trace elements given by Frieden in 1981,broadly classified as micro elements, trace elements, and ultra-trace elements on the basis of amount detected in tissues of averagely built human adult , further trace elements are classified as essential trace elements, probable essential trace elements, physically beneficial trace elements, .the basic pathophysiology and etiology is also given which can lead to heart failure and various other cardiovascular diseases or conditions. Diagnosis of various diseases can be made by monitoring the levels of various trace elements and it can also help to reduce the risk of having heart related medicinal conditions by including these minor elements in diet so as to improve the operating condition of heart this study also focuses on the dietary sources of trace elements. Cardiovascular emergency can also be avoided by continuous monitoring of subjects who are at high risk.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Xo Dang Patients at Kon Tum General Hospital, Vietnam
Authors: Loi Le Huu , Anh Dinh Thi Van , Thieu Nguyen Quang , Loi Cao Ba , Hung Nguyen Trong , Huong Phan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder and different ethnicities may have different prevalence and related fators. MetS is associated with many chronic diseases and there is a great need for research on MetS in different ethnic groups, especially the communities of ethnic minorities.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and some factors related to MetS among Xo Dang, an ethnic minority group at Kon Tum province.

Methods: diagnosis of Mets according to IDF/AHA consensus, comparing the characteristics of 261 patients of Xo Dang with 561 patients of Kinh ethnicity.

Results: The rates of habits related to MetS among Xo Dang ethnicity were all higher than 50% and not different from those of Kinh ethnicity. The mean values ​​of waist circumference, maximum and minimum blood pressure, levels of glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels in the blood of the Xo Dang were not significantly different from those of the Kinh ethnicity. The levels of disorders among Xo Dang ethnicity in descending order were increased triglycerides (71.26%), hyperglycemia (42.53%), hypertension (38.31%), increased waist circumference (36.02%), and low HDL-C (26.82%). The rate of increasing waist circumference and the prevalence of MetS in the Xo Dang people was higher than that of the Kinh ethnicity. Xo Dang persons who were female had a higher risk of developing MetS. Smoking was associated with MetS among Kinh ethnicity, however, was not with Xo Dang ethnicity.

Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of Xo Dang people was higher than that Kinh people and the rate of habits related to metabolic syndrome in the Xo Dang people was high.
Perceptions and Practices of Parents Regarding Responsive Parenting for Early Child Development
Authors: Jadhav Mamtha , Patil Prasad , Gaidhane Abhay , Chakole Swaroopa
Published: January 2022

Early childhood development (ECD) encompasses physical, socio-emotional, cognitive, and motor development. The early years are critical because this is the period in life when the brain develops most rapidly and has a high capacity for change, and the foundation is laid for health and wellbeing throughout life. Children benefit from engaging, demanding, and supportive environments to develop these skills, which serve as a framework for healthy self-regulatory practices and academic tenacity. Children have a deep curiosity in observing new things, learning through mimicking their caregivers, and a desire to master new abilities from birth. Early childhood education provided to caregivers assists youngsters in reaching their full potential. It has been discovered that responsive parenting is still not performed and that there are no notions of it in the rural area. Caregivers are still unaware of critical competencies to raise their child; there are negative consequences to the standard authoritarian parenting style; research has shown that an authoritative parenting style is good for the child in the long run. Parents find it difficult, but these early days are critical for the child's brain and body, necessitating enough nutrition, proper stimulation, tender love, and care to help them grow into physically and intellectually sound humans.
Introduction to Skin Cancer: A Review
Authors: Gupta Manish K. , Kaur Avneet
Published: January 2022

Dynamic Skin cancer growth, including both melanoma and non-melanoma, is the most widely recognized kind of threat in the Caucasian populace. Right off the bat, the proof for the watched increment in the occurrence of skin cancer growth over ongoing decades was audited and examined regardless of whether this is a genuine increment or an ancient rarity of more prominent screening and over-diagnosis. Prevention systems are additionally talked about. Also, the complexities and challenges experienced when diagnosing and creating treatment methodologies for skin disease are analyzed. For several reasons, estimating the incidence of skin cancer is particularly difficult. Key contextual analyses are introduced that feature the practical difficulties of picking the most accurate treatment for patients with skin cancer growth. The potential dangers, advantages of expanded sun introduction are evaluated. Nonetheless, this is talked about as far as the probability that the evasion of sun presentation so as to diminish the danger of skin cancer growth might be less significant than the decrease taking all things together reason mortality because of the potential advantages of expanded introduction to the sun. Number of skin cancer cases has rapidly increased in the last two decades. So this article will highlight and acknowledge the various aspects of skin cancer.
Hepatic Hydatidosis Management
Authors: Sharma Ritika , Meghrajani Vanee , Bhutda Shricha , Bhutada Sakshi , Yeola Meenakshi
Published: January 2022

Hydatid cyst disease is a tapeworm infection caused by the larvae of echinococcus granulosus, spread through contaminated water and food. Hepatic hydatid cysts have different clinical manifestations. The investigations include X-rays, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, and ERCP used to detect deep lesions in all the organs and extent and status of avascular fluid-filled cysts. An antibody test is done to confirm x-ray findings. The drug Albendazole influences medical treatment. Albendazole chemotherapy proved to be an effective therapy preferred in the medical care of cystic echinococcosis. Radical hepatic hydatid cysts surgery refers to peri-cystectomy, and Conservative surgery removes the cystic contents, sterilizes the cavity, and resects the part of the cyst. Laparoscopic surgery offers the advantages of a short hospital stay, less wound infection incidence rate, and minimal post-operative pain. Percutaneous aspiration injection re-aspiration is suitable in patients who are not fit for surgery or are not ready for the surgery and have multiple cysts in the liver. The conclusion of this review article is compared to open surgery for hepatic hydatid cysts; we have shown that laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely even with multiple cysts, large cysts, and bile duct cysts.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Propofol and Etomidate as an Induction Agent on Haemodynamic Changes during Induction and Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Birajdar Shweta
Published: January 2022

Aims: Presently Propofol and Etomidate are popular as rapid acting inducing agents. Due to reflex sympathetic stimulation, direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation typically cause a cardiovascular stress response characterized by hypertension and tachycardia. This study is conducted to compare the effects of these two drugs on hemodynamic responses during induction and endotracheal intubation, to compare time of induction to choose the better induction agent and to study adverse effects of the two drugs, if any.

Study Design: Prospective double blind study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of anaesthesiology Dr D.Y Patil medical college hospital and research centre Pimpri Pune Duration -Sept.2018 -sept 2021.

Methodology: This is prospective randomized double-blind study. 60 ASA I and II patients randomly divided into two groups group P and group E of 30 each of either sex in age group of 18-65 years posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Group P: (n-30) received 2.5mg/kg Propofol and Group E:(n-30) received 0.3mg/kg Etomidate for induction. vital parameters such as HR,  SBP,  DBP,  MAP, and SPO2 recorded at baseline (T0), before induction (T1), after induction (T2), during laryngoscopy (T3 ) ,after intubation at 1min, 2min, 3min, 5min and at 10 min. Time of induction was taken as period between time of start of study drug till loss of eyelash reflex

Conclusion: Induction time between the two study groups was statistically insignificant. (p>0.05) The fall in heart rate at post induction (T2), at 1 min, 2 min after intubation in Group P as compared to Group E was statistically significant, fall in SBP, DBP and MAP at post induction (T2), at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min and 5 min after intubation in Group P as compared to Group E was statistically significant. Pain on injection was more with propofol. However, myoclonus was more with etomidate.
Menstrual Hygiene Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Pagore Prasad , Chaudhari Sonali
Published: January 2022

Background: Menstruation is seldom regarded as an act of immense kindness put forward by a woman to ensure the human race doesn’t cease but ironically, it is now too in this so called modernized world is considered a dirty, unclean, shameful, taboo linking it with the so called term of women’s weakness in which she is at times even considered untouchable. A considerable lot of ridiculous and unhuman superstitious acts, often due to ancestry taboos carried forward, have made menstruation more intensely shamed in today’s so-called advanced world. In many parts of the world, there are still restrictions enforced upon women and girls undergoing menstruation to carry out their normal routine involvement in society, whether it be their home kitchen, religious places, communal gathering, outdoor group activities, etc. In this article, we primarily focus on the management of hygiene during menstruation. Menstruation is subjected to many superstitions that may lead to unhygienic practices. Menstruation, often considered a shame or taboo in various poor undedicated and undeveloped classes of society, need awareness for hygiene, sanitation, and management across the globe. The writer searched web sites like PubMed and Google Scholar for works the usage of the keywords "Menstruation" or "Menstrual Hygiene" and "Menstrual Management.” The writer reviewed case reviews and series, retrospective and potential studies, systematic opinions and meta-analyses, and different narrative critiques. The hints and helping quotation of papers covered withinside the observation have been additionally tested via way of means of the creator. Systemic critiques and meta-analyses have been favored after they have been available. When change facts became no longer available randomized management trials, potential studies, retrospective studies, case reviews, and different narrative critiques have been carried out in order.

Conclusion: Hygiene is the most crucial aspect of living a healthy life, and it is essential during menstruation. On the other hand, the situation is stuck in India's rural areas, where women still confront hygienic issues, particularly when it comes to menstruation.
In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf, Stem, Root Extract of Acalypha indica - A Comparative Study
Authors: Prithiksha . , Devi R. Gayatri , Selvaraj J. , Priya A. Jothi
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Acalypha indica is a weedy, short lived and monoecious plant. It has an antioxidant effect and it must be implemented to control the disease where free radicals are involved. Acalypha plant is useful for the bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A. indica plant is used in the rejuvenation in the worst conditions which may undergo infections in the microorganisms and it is the chemotherapeutic agent and distributed in the large contributions in human health and well being. The main aim of this study is to assess which part of A. indica has an antibacterial activity.

Materials and Methods: Agar well diffusion method was used for assessing the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract. The nutrient broth is inoculated with bacterial strains E. faecalis. The broth was then incubated at 37°C overnight. Antibacterial activity was determined by measurement of the diameter of zones of inhibition (mm).

Results: When compared to root, stem and leaves of hydroethanolic extract of A. indica, leaf maximum inhibition against E. faecalis. As the concentration of extract increases from 25 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, the zone of inhibition also increases. This shows the antimicrobial activity is better at higher concentration.

Conclusion: A. indica has effective antimicrobial activity. It reduces the growth of various human pathogenic bacteria. The root, stem and leaf of A. indica possess Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. leaf extract has significant antibacterial activity.
Relation between COVID 19 and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Menon Sharanya , Totade Sangita
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious virus that emerged on January 29, 2020, as a result of a brand new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-31), which the World Health Organization discovered on January 29: and the COVID-19 outbreak become distinctive a virus on March 11, 2020.

The most well-known factors visibly associated with COV disease are senescence, expanded weight, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and CVS abnormalities.

Infection with the coronavirus 2 of the intense acute respiratory syndrome has been associated with a better severity of coronavirus infection(COVID19) in sufferers with diabetes (SARSCoV2). Infected folks who are inflamed with COVID19 may also broaden hyperglycemia. While paired with other chance elements, hyperglycemia can also affect immune and anti-inflammatory responses, making sufferers extra sensitive to excessive COVID 19 and its likely deadly results. Angiotensin changing enzyme 2 (ACE2) is SARSCoV2's central access receptor (ACE2).

DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase four) might be a binding target, on the other hand. Initial research suggests that hypoglycemic DPP4 inhibitors haven't any impact on SARSCoV2 susceptibility. for the reason that in their pharmacological traits, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) aren't encouraged because they can have negative consequences in COVID19 sufferers. In opposition to excessive blood sugar, insulin has to be the first defense line inside the combat.

This evaluation article is a nascent attempt to recognize the probable correlation between COVID contamination and diabetes mellitus.
Nutritional Composition, Mineral analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Cake and Chocolate with Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder
Authors: Lenin Santhadani , Sujatha Ramasamy , Sundaram Shanmuga
Published: January 2022

Moringa oleifera is a plant native to India that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates around the world. Moringa is commonly farmed around the world because it can resist both severe drought and moderate winter. The nutritional composition of dry M. oleifera leaf powder was investigated in this study. The leaf extract was examined for its proximate, mineral, vitamin, and sensory properties. The analysis were carried out in supplemented M. oleifera in cake and chocolate prepared with varying proportions such as C, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. The results in Chocolate sample were carried out for nutritional analysis represented in moisture (1.36, 1.56, 1.73 and 1.96 g/100g), ash (3.44, 3.75, 3.96 and 4.03 g/100g), Protein (8.25, 9.25, 9.87 and 10.01 g/100g) and Fat (36.38, 30.47, 28.29 and 27.22 g/100g). Mineral analysis for Calcium (43.13, 47.73, 48.75 and 49.22 mg), Potassium (558.55, 587.90, 589.20 and 599.73 mg), Phosphorus (76.64, 89.44, 90.24 and 91.74 mg) and Iron (8.43, 9.44, 9.78 and 9.94 mg). Vitamin analysis for β – Carotene (0.02, 0.06, 0.06 and 0.08 mg) and Vitamin – C (0.23, 0.47, 0.53 and 0.61 mg). The sensory analysis was carried out for Concentration of Leaf Powder, Colour and Appearance, Smell, Taste, Mouth Feel and over all Acceptability. Whereas in Cake sample the nutritional analysis represented in moisture (04.32, 05.23, 5.44 and 5.93 g/100g), in ash (05.73, 06.43, 6.76 and 7.06 g/100g), Protein (08.16, 08.75, 8.95 and 8.54 g/100g) and Fat (04.74, 04.23, 04.15 and 04.08 g/100g). Mineral analysis for Calcium (26.71, 27.21, 27.43 and 26.43 mg), Potassium (32.44, 35.26, 35.64 and 35.21 mg), Phosphorus (53.76, 53.99, 57.25 and 55.16 mg) and Iron (01.25, 1.86, 2.05 and 2.16 mg). Vitamin analysis for β – Carotene (00.04, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.06 mg) and Vitamin – C (00.08, 0.12, 0.13 and 0.08 mg). With the addition of Moringa leaf powder, the sensory qualities were found to be within acceptable limits. Moringa leaves are a good source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins, and they can be used as a supplement to improve the nutritional profile of chocolate and cake in the baking industry.
Case Report on Seizures Disorder
Authors: Gade Prasad G. , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Ankar Ruchira
Published: January 2022

Introduction:  Seizures are periods of aberrant motor, sensory, autonomic, or mental activity caused by discharge from brain neurons [1]. Epilepsy is defined as the two or more unprovoked seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart [2]. There are three types of seizures: focal, generalized, and unknown. Generalized seizures arise in bilaterally dispersed networks and rapidly activate them [3]. The origin of focal seizures is assumed to be in one hemisphere of the brain. Epileptic spasms are an example of the unknown kind [4].

Main symptoms:  The signs and symptoms of a seizure can range from minor to severe; these are as follows; perplexity, stare, Jerking motions of the arms and legs, Loss of awareness, Fear, anxiety, and other cognitive symptoms.

Diagnosis: The initial step for a physician is to rule out alternative possibilities, such as nonepileptic seizures. These might seem like seizures, but they're usually caused by other things like low blood sugar or high blood pressure, changes in heart rhythm, or mental stress.

Therapeutic Intervention: Tab. Levetiracetam 500mg * OD, Tab. Carbamazepine 200mg * TDS, Tab. Escitalopram 10mg * OD, Tab. Neurobion forte 1mg * OD.

Outcome: After treatment the patient show improvement. His temporary confusion got reduced, he is now aware to many things.

Conclusion: My patient was Admitted to AVBRH with a known case of Seizures Disorder and he had a complaint of temporary confusion and he was not aware to his surroundings. After getting appropriate treatment his condition was improved.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Physiotherapy Rehabilitation of Distal Radial Fracture Patients: A Review
Authors: Burhani Tasneem , Naqvi Waqar M.
Published: January 2022

Background: Physiotherapy is the desired therapeutic intervention for the recovery of fractures and discomfort associated with bones. In certain cases the patient may suffer from extreme pain because of sudden jerks or injuries. The goal of this review was to map out the available literature on virtual reality in distal radius fracture rehabilitation across physiotherapy disciplines.

Methods: An extensive and systematic search of the following databases was undertaken- Embase, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and CINAHL. The MeSH search items used were articles with “artificial intelligence, “machine learning” “virtual reality” “physiotherapy”. Articles were identified if they described an intervention which is considered within the scope of a physiotherapist and targeted those with DRF.

Results: Total 35 were initially procured from which 26 articles were included, out of which 13 were observational, 6 Randomized Control Trials, 2 qualitative, 2 surveys and 3 systematic reviews. Only 9 studies focused explicitly on physiotherapy interventions.

Conclusion: The results of there view indicate that there is insufficient evidence to direct physical therapists in the treatment of individual with distal radius fracture using artificial intelligence.