bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Error Diffusion in Bit Patterned Media
Authors: Huang Ping
Published: March 2013

The presence on any variation in the magnetization direction of an island has a detrimental effect on the ability to recover recorded data.To approve this,Ansys Finite Element Method software has been used to simulate the magnetic field intensity distribution in bit patterned media,from the result, It is seen the magnetization direction variations because of thermal fluctuation can cause errors,But this errors can not diffusion, It is isolated.
TID Effects on 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter
Authors: Wu Xue , Lu Wu , Guo Qi
Published: March 2013

This Paper describes ionizing irradiation effects and annealing behavior on some commercial available CMOS high speed and high resolution Digital-to-Analog Converter —AD9742. AC and DC parameters are measured before and after radiation and annealing experiment. Results show that DC parameters are more sensitive than AC parameters, and all parameters are fully recovered after room-temperature and elevated-temperature annealing behaviors. Test facilities, results and analysis are presented in this paper in details.
Comparison of Model Selection Method Using Data from Classical Designed Experiment
Authors: Yasungnoen Natthasurang , Srisuradetchai Patchanok
Published: March 2013

Model selection procedures play important role in many researches especially quantitative research. . In several area of sciences, the analysis and model selection of experiments are often used and often contains two fundamental goals associated with the experimental response of interest which are to determine the best model. The way to address these goals is to implement a model selection procedure. Then, the objectives of this research are to determine whether or not the final models selected are in agreement or differ substantially across the three approaches to model selection: using Akaike’s Information Criterion, using a p-value criterion, and using a stepwise procedure.. Generally, results from these three models are usually compare to each other. All selected models are based on the heredity principle to design the possible model for each design. The actual data from literature, consisting of the 2x3 and 32 and 3x4 factorial designs are used to determine the final model. The results show that the P-Value WH and Stepwise methods give the highest percentage of matched model.
Spectral-Type Probe with λ/40 Resolution for Near-Field Optical Microscopy Systems
Authors: Kulchin Y.N. , Vitrik Oleg B. , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A.
Published: March 2013

We studied numerically and experimentally the ability to develop a new probe based on fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer with an evanescent light source protruding directly toward the sample. It was shown that such probe provides a spatial resolution of no worse than ~λ/40 for λ=1550 nm. The fabrication process of the probe is described in detail.
Signal Analysis of Monitoring System for Object Tracking
Authors: Kim Jin Tae , Kim Dong Wook
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a monitoring system by signal generation algorithm for object tracking. Using the control signal, the monitoring camera can track a moving object and keep it near the image center for a longer time. The proposed method is validated in experiments that automatically move a mark located at a specified position to the image center. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare the generated data in the automatic control with measured data in manual control and carry out the object tracking using a simple object.
Design of Wireless Real-Time Embedded Monitoring System for Parameter of Water Quality Based on GPRS
Authors: Liu Xin Hui , Chen Jin Peng , Liu Xin Guang
Published: March 2013

This paper puts forward a designing scheme of remote monitoring system for parameters of water quality based on GPRS, which is mainly try to improve the existing problems in traditional method such as low monitor frequency, more error in sampling, much dispersion in data. After carefully study the communication principle of GPRS, the monitoring information platform is constructed by adopting chip S3C2440A as key of hardware circuit ,making use of sensor to sample data in real-time, and with public GPRS as data channel. The test turns out that the system works well in function of wireless data channel and data analysis, moreover, it has good property in expansibility for other wireless T&C system.
Calibration Technologies of Optical Double-Triangulation for Measuring Tiny-Dimension Characteristics
Authors: Gu Yi Guang , Lou Xiao Ping
Published: March 2013

In order to realize the rapid and precise 3D profile measurement of workpieces with tiny-dimension characteristics, optical double-triangulation is studied. The measuring accuracy is affected by many factors such as system structure, surface characteristic and the circumstance. It is improved in the aspects of system structure and calibration in this paper. Two cameras are adopted to reduce the measuring dead area and eliminate the impact of the shadow caused by the object’s surface incline. The least-square curving fitting method combined with appropriate error compensation is selected according to analyses and comparisons of various calibration approaches. Experimental results are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the measuring principle and the reliability of this measuring system.
Combination of Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry and Digital Image Correlation for 3-D Deformation Measurement
Authors: Chai Xing Hua , Lou Xiao Ping , Lv Nai Guang
Published: March 2013

This paper refers to two whole-field , non-contact experimental techniques：Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DSPI) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The former can measure 3-D deformations in nanometric level. The latter can measure small displacement in micrometric level. DSPI needs a phase-shifting setup and rotating the whole device for 3-D deformation measurement. Two CCD cameras will be required recording speckle image simultaneously for 3-D measurement by DIC method. An optical system which is a combination of the two measurement method is proposed in this paper. Digital image correlation setup using one CCD camera for in-plane measurement and digital speckle pattern interferometric setup for out-plane measurement constitutes this measurement system. Three dimensions information of deformation can be recorded simultaneously by one 3-color CCD camera. This system can be used to measure deformation with a small out-plane component and a relatively larger in-plane component.
Automatic Landing Controller of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Rithirun Chart , Sooraksa Pitikhate
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the soft control strategies for automatic landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and simulation the result of controller. The soft controller parameters can be modify and show off the results response of control surface of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which can fly to the desirable waypoints along the flight plan, one may freely select a control scheme to stabilize and perform the target tracking with robustness. The main control system of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is developed from Fuzzy PD+I controller with auto-tuning gain parameters and the simulation is carried out by Matlab/Simulink simulation program including with Aerosim toolbox software. The model of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for simulation in this paper is selected the model of Aerosonde UAV from Aerosonde PTY LTD., which is developed mathematical model by Unmanned Dynamics.
Active RFID Indoor Location System Based on RSSI Ranging Correction
Authors: Meng Qing Bin , Ju Lan , Jin Jie , Li Wei Xiang
Published: March 2013

For indoor location, an active RFID indoor location system is designed. The system is designed and implemented by using a RSSI-based ranging technology location algorithm. In this article, the author amended the RSSI ranging equation, proposed and implemented a way to extract and estimate the environmental parameters of specific application scenarios, and improved the accuracy of the RSSI ranging. After many statistical experiments, the results show that the system’s deviation can reach 10cm on the diagonal of the region, and about 30cm on the edge. Through statistical calculation, the average deviation of system position is about 10.6cm, which is a good location system of high precision. When implemented for different applications, this system has the advantages of simplicity and adaptability.
Presentation, Design and Application of a New Parallel Frame Synchronization Scheme
Authors: Shan Bao Tang
Published: March 2013

To solve the problems of frame sync words gotten unstably and short frame synchronization state decision time, a new parallel frame synchronization scheme is presented. The proposed method improves the robustness and state decision performance of the frame synchronization system. The method is implemented and verified in a high-speed satellite communication system. Based on that practical application, a multi-channel parallel frame synchronization design method is given for even higher speed data communication systems.
Sea-Battlefield Situation Assessment Method Based on Data Mining
Authors: Yu Yong Tao , Ding Ying
Published: March 2013

How to describe a complex dynamic and efficient sea-battlefield situation assessment is the major problem facing operational decision support. In this paper, according to research the sea-battlefield situation assessment based on data mining technology. First analysis and to determine sea-battlefield situation assessment of data mining tasks; second, build the sea-battlefield situation data marts; the third step is the sea-battlefield situation datasets city data pre-processing operations, and solve the problem of inaccurate data, incomplete; the fourth step of the properties of the sea-battlefield situation assessment data is simple, to solve the problem of rules extraction efficiency; finally, based on the genetic algorithm generated after a simple sea-battlefield situation assessment rules extracted the sea-battlefield situation assessment optimal rules.
Design and Realization of High Reliability and Extensible Automatic Power Distribution System for General Aviation Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Qin Ling , Liu Lei , Liu Yang
Published: March 2013

Taking small-sized plan as a representative of general aviation aircraft, a kind of airborne automatic power distribution system architecture based on DSP, FPGA and SSPC is proposed, which can meet the requirements of high reliability and expansibility in airborne platform. Based on the research of distribution function, composition structure and software and hardware design in airborne automatic power distribution system, this paper puts forward corresponding implementation scheme in view of independent distribution control and fault tolerant design, and develops a principle prototype. The experimental results verify that the designed system has achieved expected functional demand.
Adaptive Control with Supraunitary Relative Degree for the DC Electrical Machine
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian , Eni Cristian , Coman Mihaita
Published: March 2013

In order to obtain an appropriate control for the electrical drive systems the real parameters values must be known accurately. Moreover, due to the parametric and structural uncertainty of the DC drive system, an adaptive control method is necessary. Therefore, a new model reference adaptive control (MRAC) for DC drives is proposed in this paper. MRAC ensures on-line adjustment of the control parameters with DC machine parameter variation. The adaptive control developed in this paper assures the asymptotic cancellation of the tracking error, fast and smooth responses of the DC drive without knowing a priory any information about the DC drive parameters. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed solution.
The Thermal Properties of Modified Nano-Silica with Diluent/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Chang Huey Ling , Chen Chih Ming
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we present the function of the processing conditions (the amount of filler or diluent in epoxy resin, whether post-curing or not) in thermal properties of the modified silica/epoxy nano-composite materials based on thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).The results is showed that after post-processing for the nanocomposite materials have a better thermal properties, and adding 3.2wt.% epoxy diluent can be taken a convenience operation, but has a negative effect on thermal properties. Nano-composite materials of diluent 3.2 wt.% plus nano-silica powder 2 wt.% will reach pyrolysis temperature 278.66°C. This reinforcement reaches the highest level observed of the decomposition temperatures of 2wt.% silica filler with no diluent cases nano-composite materials, after post-processing the decomposition temperatures could be enhanced to pyrolysis temperature 308.69 °C.
A Simple Switched Ethernet Protocol for Hard Real-Time Communication
Authors: Alimujiang Yi Ming , Reziwan Mai Maiti
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a simple and efficient switched Ethernet communication protocol for industrial hard real-time LAN applications. The network is set up with end nodes and a switch, in small-size industrial network covering such as factory automation, distributed control systems and embedded systems. Compared to some conventional hard real-time network protocols by performing some experiments, the proposed protocol has better real-time performances and meets the requirements of reliability for hard real-time system applications.
Design and Implementation of RFID Card T5557 Reader Software
Authors: Zhang Guo Hai
Published: March 2013

For the convenience of reading and writing ATMEL company TEMIC series radio frequency card T5557, developed T5557 RF card reader software based on reader hardware, STC12C5410AD as the main chip. Developed on the platform of VC++, MSComm control for master and slave computers communication, regular block reading and writing, protection block reading and writing, operating mode settings, password settings, and change the password operation for the T5557 RF card is achieved.
Optimization Facility Mixed Layout Based on “田” Fractal Theory
Authors: Zhou Na , Mi Wei Jian , Mao Dao Xiao
Published: March 2013

Considering the problems such as the difficulty to express layout type, build and solve model that are existing in facility mixed layout, this paper proposed a “田” fractal theory which imitates Chinese character “田” and sequentially builds “田” type layout according to logistic volume between facilities (units). A mathematic model with the objective to minimize the logistic free and the occupied area of the layout was presented considering about several “田” types that may occur. Practical test shows that “田” fractal theory can optimize facility mixed layout problem wholly and partially at the same time and provide a new research point for facility mixed layout of modern manufacturing industry.
Based on Basic Combat Capability Unit (BCCU) Amphibious Assault Ship Carrier-Based Aircraft Configuration Program Generation Method
Authors: Yu Yong Tao , Ding Ying
Published: March 2013

How scientific and rational and efficient configuration of the amphibious assault ship carrier-based aircraft involves many complex factors, according to research job based on the theory of basic combat capability unit (BCCU) carrier-based aircraft configuration. First analysis of the carrier-based aircraft operational characteristics, the basic definition of carrier-based aircraft combat capability unit concept; second, analysis of the typical tasks threats of carrier-based aircraft proposed and quantified the task completed indicators and priority; build the basic unit of the carrier-based aircraft mission capability fuzzy decision evaluation model based on AHP method again, the mission capability of the amphibious assault ship carrier-based aircraft configuration program assessment; finally, we use the greedy algorithm for the efficient generation of carrier-based aircraft configuration program.
Electric Energy Consumption Forecasting Based on Economic Variables in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand
Authors: Khodpun Nopphadon , Meehom Sureeporn
Published: March 2013

Electric energy is vital for social and economic development. The electric energy consumption forecasting plays an important role for energy management and allocation of resources in the future. In this paper, the influence of economic variables on the annual electric energy consumption in Nakhonratchasima has been investigated. Models are developed by using multiple regression analysis. It is founded that the electric energy consumption correlated with four economic variables, which are gross provincial product (GPP), GPP per capita, the energy sales of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and high speed diesel usages. The historical electric energy consumption and all variables for the period 2002–2010 have been analyzed in 10 models. The study proposed 5 models for electric energy prediction in 2011. In conclusion, the effective model has been selected by comparison of adjusted R2, mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the proposed models. Model 3 is acceptable in relation to electric energy consumption forecasting, with adjusted R2 and RMSE equal to 0.9915 and 1.54% respectively. The results indicate that the model using GPP and diesel usages as variables has strong ability to predict future annual electric energy consumption with 4,202,326,368 kWh in 2011.
Web-Based Safety-Oriented Healthcare System Using Innovation Process for Patient Safety
Authors: Yang Yao Jung
Published: March 2013

The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimated that 44,000-98,000 Americans die annually from preventable errors in hospitals and that the cost of deaths and injuries is between $17 and $29 billion U.S. dollars per year in the U.S. Knowledge that healthcare systems and processes may be unreliable and lacks a consideration for safety. Patient safety is a global challenge that requires knowledge and skills in multiple areas, including human factors and systems engineering [12]. Patient safety has received attention by international health organizations. In 2004, the World Health Organization lunched the World Alliance for Patient Safety. The World Alliance for Patient Safety has targeted the following patient safety issues: prevention of healthcare-associated infections, hand hygiene, surgical safety, and patient engagement . This paper This paper presents a safety process methodology and system to reduce the safety gap of patient safety process. The aim of this study is to propose a Safety Process Innovation Methodology (SPIM) and implements a web-based new safety-oriented system that combines the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to determine essential safety when conducting process innovation for support patient safety.
Developing of the Course of Civil Engineering Material
Authors: Li Wei , Li Ying
Published: March 2013

Civil Engineering Material is one of the main special courses offered to undergraduate students whose major is Civil Engineering. It aims to let students know major civil engineering materials, their physical properties, mechanical properties, how they are used in construction, how they are tested in the lab, and their strength characteristics-information, so that they can solve problems arising from civil construction. Rapid development in civil engineering material requires construction of this course, which could keep the teaching content up-to-date with current situations. This paper analyzed the current conditions of this course and aims for construction and then describes a construction plan, including revision of the teaching content, improvement of teaching methods and class mode, compiling of test database and exercise database.
Characterization of HCl-Doped Polyaniline-Ag Nanocomposite Prepared by Chemical and Physical Combinative Method
Authors: Hu Bing , Cao Yang , Huang Rong Ying , Fu Jian Bo , Qiu Hong
Published: March 2013

HCl-doped polyaniline (HCl-PANI) powder is synthesized by using a chemical polymerization procedure. Then Ag nanoparticles are deposited on the HCl-PANI at room temperature by RF sputtering. After this process, the nanocomposite is obtained by the chemical and physical combinative method. The nominal Ag content in the nanocomposite ranges from 1.0 wt% to 3.3 wt%. For all the nanocomposites, the Ag nanoparticles convert to AgCl nanoparticles. Namely, the HCl-PANI-AgCl nanocomposites are obtained. A content of the AgCl in the nanocomposite increases with increasing Ag content. The AgCl nanoparticle consists of many grains. An average grain size of AgCl is about 40 nm and is independent of the Ag content. A conductivity of the nanocomposite decreases with increasing Ag content.
Improvement of the Course of Construction Management
Authors: Li Wei , Li Ying
Published: March 2013

Construction Management is a special course offered to students whose major is Civil Engineering. It is offered to let students know drivers for efficiency, sustainability, corporate social responsibility and building information management. In order to keep up with construction management nowadays, it is necessary to develop this course to make it up-to-date. This paper first analyzes the basic conditions of this course. Then it proposes a developing plan for the course in the following aspects, adjustment of the course, reorganization of the textbook, teaching method, teaching mode, test database and exercise database and ways to increase teaching quality of this course. Some parts of the course will be constructed for bilingual teaching, to enhance the competitiveness of undergraduates in using English.
Study on Institutions of Higher Learning Mechanical Engineering Training Evaluation Indicator System
Authors: Yin Xiao Chun , Li Lin Lin , Yin Yu Jun , Luo Xiao He
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a set of evaluation indicator system for Institutions of higher learning mechanical engineering training. In this way, we can effectively solve the difficulties of the mechanical engineering training examination work at present. The evaluation indicator system was established in the method of AHP, which is a kind of qualitative and quantitative, systematic, hierarchical analysis method. On the basis of the practical problems in-depth analysis of mechanical engineering training and assessment, we first established a three-level structure model of the indictor system. The top level of the model is target layer. Then we constructed the weight judgment matrix of the hierarchical model, and deduced the indictors’ weight consistency checking algorithm, and finally arrived at the formula of the evaluation results.
Michelson Interferometer for near Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Mendoza-Figueroa Virginia , de la Cruz-Alejo Jesús
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an architecture to simplify a Michelson Interferometer, designed with MEMS technology in order to obtain the near infrared wavelengths in the range of [1620-1800 nm], which will be used in a non-invasive micro sensor of glucose. The input interferometer is fed with a white light source. The poli-silicon, superficial and bulk processes are utilized to design the architecture. The interferometer is based on dividing the design into three parts formed by two gears, a zipper and two mirrors at 90° each of one, for achieving resolution improvement without decreasing mechanical resistance of the parts. Each part is modeled mathematically and their behavior is verified using different analysis in-SolidWorksTM. On the other hand, the beamsplitter of the Michelson Interferometer is placed at 45° with respect to mirrors. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the behavior of interferometer proposed.
Multiscale Simulation of Liquid Flow in Nanofluidic Channel Coated with Polymer Brush
Authors: Yu Ying , Zuo Yu Xin , Liu Peng , Zuo Chun Cheng
Published: March 2013

A Multiscale simulation method is used to study the liquid flow in nanofluidic channel coated with polymer brushes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is introduced in the particle region and Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are applied in the remaining region where the continuum assumption is still valid. The effects of the shear rate and the number of polymer chains on the flow velocity are investigated. The velocities obtained from MD simulations in particle region are connected to the region of continuum. Our study demonstrates that the multiscale simulation method presented here is reasonable in exploring the liquid flow in nanochannel coated with polymer brushes.
Growth and Characterization of SnO2 Nanostructures by Vapor Transport Technique
Authors: Inchidjuy P. , An Ki Seok , Pukird S.
Published: March 2013

Tin dioxides (SnO2) nanostructure can be grown by vapor transport techniques through a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The gas flowing have been effect on the evolution of various sizes and shapes of nanostructure materials. The crystalline structures of SnO2 materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. XRD patterns of samples exhibited tetragonal phase. The characterization of synthesized products was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The controlling of process gas flow, showed the various kinds of nanostructures such as nanobelts, nanowires and nanobars of SnO2. The Raman spectra of single-crystalline rutile SnO2 nanostructures were studied, the vibration modes were observed corresponded to the typical feature of the SnO2 nanostructure. A room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of SnO2 material exhibited visible emission.
Electroluminescent Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with ZnO and MoO3 Carrier Transport Layers
Authors: Huang Chun Yuan , Tsai Ping Hua , Chen Ying Chih , Yu Hsin Chieh , Su Yan Kuin
Published: March 2013

In this article, the quantum dot (QD) light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) with ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) and MoO3 hole transport layer (HTL) were demonstrated. The ZnO ETL was fabricated by sol-gel method. To achieve balanced electron and hole injection, hole transport materials including 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) and MoO3 were also adapted. The device structure can be simply depicted as indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/Cs2CO3/QD/CBP/MoO3/Au. It was found that the Cs2CO3 played an important role to facilitate radiative recombination and reduce the leakage current due to the poor quality of sol-gel fabricated ZnO thin film. Via inserting an annealed Cs2CO3 buffer layer with proper thickness, red-emitting QDLEDs with low luminance turn-on voltage of 4.1 V and luminance larger than 100 cd/m2 could be obtained. With our demonstration, QDLEDs with ZnO ETL can be a promising device structure for realizing QDLED’s commerizing.
Influences of Cobalt and Zirconia on Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of the Al2O3/WC Composites
Authors: Boonpo Jiraporn , Chaiyacote Varuchchaya , Chuankrerkkul Nutthita , Buggakupta Wantanee
Published: March 2013

Alumina (Al2O3) is one of the most successful advanced ceramics due to its high hardness, chemical resistance as well as thermal stability under various severe operating conditions. Therefore, the Al2O3 and Al2O3 matrix composites were generally employed as cutting tool materials. The present work investigates an improvement in fracture toughness of the Al2O3-based composites reinforced by tungsten carbide (WC) particles. A change in toughness of the Al2O3/WC composites according to the additions of cobalt (Co) or partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is also of interest. The 90 wt% of Al2O3 and 10 wt% of WC powders, containing various amounts of Co or MgO-doped PSZ (Mg-PSZ), were formed by a conventional uniaxial pressing. The percentages of Co and Mg-PSZ were varied up to 3 and 4.5 wt%, respectively. The specimens were sintered in argon atmosphere at 1600 °C for 2 hours. The sintered specimens were subjected to testing and characterisation. The density was measured by water immersion method. Microstructure and phase analysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. Vickers indentation technique was used to determine hardness and fracture toughness. Density of higher than 95% of the theoretical values could be achieved in all cases. The hardness values of the WC reinforced Al2O3 composites were higher than those of the monolithic Al2O3. The hardness of the composites did not change significantly with the Co addition but it gradually decreased with PSZ additions. However, the presence of both Co and PSZ led to slightly higher fracture toughness. The hardness and fracture toughness of the fabricated composites were in the range of 16-18 GPa and 5-8 MPa.m1/2, respectively, which were in the same ranges as commercial cutting tools currently used in the market.
Proper Heat Treatment to Reduce Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Austenitic 304 and Ferritic 430 Stainless Steels
Authors: Punburi Piyanun , Tareelap Napachat
Published: March 2013

Due to different heat treatment procedures being required to reduce intergranular corrosion (IGC) of austenitic AISI 304(ASS304) and ferritic AISI 430(FSS430) stainless steels, this work is aimed at achieving proper heat treatment for these metals simultaneously. Heat treatment at a temperature of 900°C for 36 hours followed by water quenching was an applicable heat treatment procedure for this study. This treatment not only prevented the formation of chromium carbides but also promoted the diffusion of chromium back to replenish chromium-depleted zones.
Injection Moulding of Tungsten Carbide-Nickel Powders Prepared by Electroless Deposition
Authors: Chuankrerkkul Nutthita , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant , Saengkiettiyut Kanokwan , Rattanawaleedirojn Pranee , Saenapitak Sawalee
Published: March 2013

Tungsten carbide with nickel (WC-Ni) is generally used in applications in which high wear and corrosion resistance are required. In most cases, WC is mixed with Ni powder through a powder-processing route. In the present study, an electroless deposition technique was employed in order to prepare Ni coated WC particles prior to forming specimens by powder injection moulding method. The starting WC powders were subjected to surface activation followed by electroless Ni coating. The effects of a variety of processing parameters, including coating time and powder to electrolyte content ratio, were examined. The characteristics of the prepared powders were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analysis. It has been found that the fabrication of WC powder coated with Ni can be achieved through the electroless deposition technique. The amount of Ni introduced to the WC particles can be controlled by the powder to electrolyte content ratio and the deposition duration. The use of small particle loadings can ensure relatively large deposition and uniformity of the coatings. It is widely known that powder injection moulding (PIM) is an effective process for fabrication of small and complex shaped components of high performance materials. The PIM process includes 4 main steps: feedstock preparation, injection moulding, debinding and sintering. In this work, the WC-Ni powders were mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) binder to form feedstock for injection moulding. The injection moulding process was carried out by a laboratory scaled, plunger-type machine. The mouldings were subjected to debinding and sintering. It was found that the PEG could be removed by water leaching. Specimens retained their shapes during and after leaching of the PEG. The remaining binder could be removed through pyrolysis. The mouldings were sintered under vacuum at 1400 °C for 1 hour. The sintered density achieved was at 88% of the theoretical value due to the low powder loading employed in the study.
Powder Injection Moulding of Alumina Using PEG/PVB Binder Systems
Authors: Chuankrerkkul Nutthita , Sooksaen Pat , Pakunthod Piyawan , Kosalwit Tutiyachan , Pinthong Wanwara
Published: March 2013

Powder injection moulding (PIM) is a process that is suitable for a fabrication of small and complex shape components. It consists of 4 main steps: feedstock preparation by mixing powder and binder, injection moulding of the prepared feedstock into the desired mould, removal of the binder and finally sintering to obtain materials with specific properties. In this study, powder injection moulding of alumina (Al2O3), using polyethylene glycol (PEG) based binder systems, was investigated. PEG is soluble in water; therefore, the use of organic solvents required for debinding of wax-based binder system can be avoided. PEG with a molecular weight of either 1500 or 4000 was used as a major constituent together with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as a minor component. Stearic acid was also added during feedstock preparation to act as a lubricant. After mixing the powder with the binder, a variety of Al2O3 feedstocks were injected into the moulds. The mouldings were prepared by a laboratory-scaled plunger-typed machine. Debinding was carried out using a combination of solvent extraction and thermal debinding. Water leaching tests were performed at 30 and 50 °C to study PEGs removal rate. The pyrolysis of PVB was completed during ramping up of the mouldings to the sintering temperature. The mouldings were subjected to sintering at 1500 °C in air. It was found from the study that PEG/PVB binder systems can be used for the preparation of alumina powder injection moulding feedstocks. Specimens retained their shapes during and after leaching of the PEGs.
The Characteristic of Inner Surface Coating on Porous Al2O3 Tube by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Kreethawate Laksana , Larpkiattaworn Siriporn , Jiemsirilers Sirithan , Uchikoshi Tetsuo
Published: March 2013

The nano-porous Al2O3 layer was performed onto inner surface of micro- porous Al2O3 tube by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Initially, Polypyrrole (Ppy) was applied on inner wall of tube to make conductive surface. The Al2O3 deposition was carried out in Al2O3 suspension with 5 wt % solid content in ethanol medium system using various applied voltages. Thickness of the deposited layer depends on applied voltages, after sintering at 1400oC the morphology of the deposited layer was investigated by FE-SEM. The good deposited surface without cracks and peeling has been prepared under applied voltage condition of 10 V.
Optimization of Induction Brazing Parameters for Stellite Strip of Steam Turbine Blade Using Taguchi-Neural Network
Authors: Muangsong Nattachai , Sarawan Wong Sa , Phung On Isaratat
Published: March 2013

To repair the damaged of steam turbine blades, the method of increasing wear resistance of the blade leading edge with brazing of stellite plates by induction heating has been addressed in this work. Induction brazing of a Cobalt-based alloy to SUS410Cb steam turbine blades in an electrical power plant has been carried out. Ag-Cu-Zn based material was chosen to be the filler metal sandwiched between the stellite strip and the turbine blade. In order to cope with the large size of blades, an automatic brazing process which used moving induction coils has been developed. In the proposed brazing process, there are three parameters that significantly affect the quality of the brazing joints including coil distance, moving coil speed, and power of induction heating. In this work, the optimum choice of brazing parameters is obtained by using a Taguchi-neural network technique. According to the results of our previous work, it is recommended to attain the temperature distribution at around 750°C for maximum strength and good quality brazing in the brazed components. The objective for the evaluation of brazing quality is therefore a function of this temperature and defined as the temperature deviation from the best brazing temperature. The design is verified and confirmed by the manufacturing of brazed joint applying suggested parameters. The experimental results showed that the Taguchi-Neural network method resulted in a better brazed quality than when using only the Taguchi method.
Synchrotron Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Spectra of Iron-Based Magnetic Fluids
Authors: Koyvanich Krit , Chokprasombat Komkrich , Sirisathitkul Chitnarong , Harding Phimphaka , Rugmai Supagorn
Published: March 2013

Magnetic fluid is a special class of materials which possesses the advantages of a liquid state of the carrier and a magnetic state of the particles. In addition to the conventional uses in mechanical engineering, magnetic fluids containing magnetite (Fe3O4) superparamagnetic nanoparticles are under research and development for drug delivery, hyperthermia and MRI contrast agents. On the other hand, iron-platinum (FePt) is investigated as materials for ultrahigh density recording. Before their assembly into patterned media, the as-synthesized FePt nanoparticles in superparamagnetic state are commonly stored in forms of magnetic fluids. In this work, iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles with their surface modified by oleic acid and oleyleamine were synthesized from the polyol process. The starting material was an environmental friendly iron(III) acetylacetonate and the products were dispersed in n-hexane. In small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Thailand, each magnetic fluid was injected into a sample cell with aluminum foil windows and the X-ray of wavelength 1.55 Å from BL2.2 was used. The measured SAXS intensity profiles as a function of the scattering vector from 0.27 to 2.30 nm-1 were fitted and compared between two different reactions. Nanoparticles synthesized by using a higher amount of Fe(acac)3 were matched with monodisperse spheres of radius 2.4±0.3 nm. The other reaction with a reducing agent gave rise to smaller nanoparticles of two size distributions. From this work, the potential of synchrotron radiation to complement conventional characterization techniques in the investigation of nanoparticles for high density recording and biomedical applications is underlined.
Benzoyl Peroxide In Situ Forming Antimicrobial Gel for Periodontitis Treatment
Authors: Mahadlek Jongjan , Charoenteeraboon Juree , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: March 2013

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the tooth caused by bacterial infection which can result in tooth loss. The local intra-pocket drug delivery system was interesting and highly effective for periodontitis treatment. In situ forming gel system is the polymeric solution which could transform into gel for localizing and sustaining the drug release at desired site. This system has been recommended as one of suitable delivery system for this purpose. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in situ forming gels were developed using Eudragit RS as polymer dispersed in N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP). Peppermint oil and polyethylene glycol 1500 were also incorporated as the excipients. The prepared systems were evaluated for rheology, syringeability (using texture analyzers), in situ gel formation (after injection into PBS pH 6.8), antimicrobial activity (against Streptococcus mutans with agar diffusion) and drug release (with dialysis method in PBS pH 6.8 at 50 rpm, 37 °C). The viscosity and syringeability of the prepared systems was increased as the amount of BPO, peppermint oil or PEG 1500 was increased. All prepared gels showed the Newtonian flow which the viscosity was decreased as the temperature was increased. All prepared gels comprising peppermint oil and PEG 1500 could form in situ gel in used medium which the pH was close to the environment pH of periodontal pocket. The inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans of the prepared system was significantly decreased when the peppermint oil and PEG 1500 was incorporated owing to the higher viscous environment and thereafter retardation of drug diffusion was evident. This effect could prolong the drug release. From drug release test, all prepared gels could sustain the BPO release for at least 96 hrs. Release kinetic obtained from curve fitting with various release equations using least square fit technique indicated that the release patterns were as Higuchi’s model therefore the release of BPO was performed with diffusion control. This developed BPO in situ forming gel presented its ability as the controlled drug delivery system for localized antimicrobial activity at periodontal pocket.
Microstructural Features of the ZnO-Bi2O3 Binary System
Authors: Yongvanich Niti , Patama Visuttipitukul , Kijsiri Wassa , Pancharoen Nawarat
Published: March 2013

Grain growth in ZnO with Bi2O3 addition of up to 1 mol% was examined in great detail for sintering in air. The results are analyzed and compared with previous reports in the context of the simplified phenomenological grain growth kinetics equation along with the physical properties of the sintered ceramics. In spite of the eutectic temperature at 735 °C, high density (> 90%) was not achieved at all Bi2O3 contents; this finding was contradictory to the well-known liquid-phase sintering. At 800 °C, rapid improvement in sintering occurred when increasing the content of Bi2O3 from 0.125mol% to 0.25mol%. Schematic study on weight loss also demonstrated an insignificant level of Bi2O3 volatilization under certain content. Analysis of the grain growth kinetics from isothermal sintering (900 °C - 1,000 °C) revealed strikingly different results in both grain growth exponent (n) and activation energy previously reported in literature. The n values ranged from 3.2 to 5.6 whereas the activation energy from 335 to 598 kJ/mol. Such large disparities were believed to be associated with various mass transport processes. The grain sizes in this study were much smaller than those published in literature (> 10 μm). This size difference, along with other microstructural features, was discussed and correlated in order to explain such anomalies and new findings obtained from the grain growth kinetics results.
The Effects of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Blends on Fuel Properties
Authors: Suwannakij Kiatkong , Baitiang Teerapong , Tongroon Manida , Supasitmongkol Somsak
Published: March 2013

Ethanol, a renewable bio-based resource, is the oxygenation in ethanol-diesel blends, thereby providing the potential to reduce exhaust emissions in compression-ignition engines. However, a major drawback of ethanol-diesel blends is the limited solubility and much difference of viscosity between ethanol and diesel fuel. These limitations result in phase separation, lubricity and properties of blended fuel. Biodiesel, an amphiphile or a surface-active agent, is known as an additive to improve the lubricity of diesel fuel. Therefore, this research is focused on the use of biodiesel as an additive for stabilizing the solubility of ethanol-diesel blends. A comparative study of phase stability of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends and an evaluation of some properties such as density, viscosity, pour point and heating value of different concentrations of the blends was carried out. The lubricity of the blended fuels was also investigated by the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR). The result showed that the presence of biodiesel can improve fuel instability of the blends at room temperature for three months. Biodiesel, added in the ethanol-diesel blended fuels can improved the lubricity of blends as compared to diesel fuel. An increased amount of ethanol in blends can reduce the wear scar values of a test specimen. In contrast to heating value, density and viscosity at 40 oC of blends increase with increasing the amount of biodiesel.
Simulation Research on Climbing Ability of Shovel Loader with Four Tracks
Authors: Wang You Jun , Yang Li Hao , Qin Zhong Bao , Li Yan Jiao
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a virtual prototype of the shovel loader with four tracks was established based on the truth designing dimensions. Then the simulation was done to analysis its ability to get over the 30°ramp. The simulation results indicate that the shovel loader with four tracks can get over the barrier successfully which prove that this new kind of tracked wheels have strong maneuverability, which can greatly expand the using area of the shovel loader. This simulation provides theory supports for the further development and research of this new kind of tracks.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensors
Authors: Zhou Kai , Xie Fang , Tao Yi
Published: March 2013

For the advantage that working without the need for battery replacement and maintenance, the wireless sensor which harvests energy from ambient sources to power itself attracts numerous researches and becomes a focus in sensors. Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting has the widespread and stable source, higher efficiency and convenient electromechanical coupling. Therefore it becomes prominent in powering wireless sensors. The piezoelectric energy harvester which is used to power wireless sensors is systematically studied in this thesis.
Design of Civil Low-Pressure Vessel’s "4 in 1" Stamping Compound Dies
Authors: Jiang Hai Bing , Zhou Biao , Wu Jun
Published: March 2013

Traditional stamping process of civil low-pressure vessel deals with blanking, drawing, trimming and flaring process in different processing station separately, work-piece transmission between different processing stations increases the auxiliary time, and the work-piece needs reinstallation, reduce production efficiency and increase production cost. In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the optimized stamping technology process is designed, compress four process (blanking、drawing、trimming and flaring) into a integrity process, and the development of a "4 in 1" stamping compound dies, that makes stamping automation realize easily, improve processing efficiency, easy operation, and reduce the product processing cost and labor costs, and enhance economic performance.
Research on Production and Order Decision for Supply Chain Members of Virtual Enterprises in Uncertain Environment
Authors: Ding Jun Mei , Zhang Tian Rui , Yu Tian Biao , Wang Wan Shan
Published: March 2013

As an organizational way, virtual enterprise had been the development tendency of contemporary enterprise operation. For complex market opportunities, the uncertainty of supply chain in virtual enterprises was the key of enterprise operation. This paper studied the production and order strategy for virtual enterprise members from single-stage supply chain, and then provided reference for subsequent multi-stage supply chain. This paper introduced expected loss, which was the base of making decisions for the enterprise. Through building the mathematical based on the strict mathematical derivation, the quantitative relation between the order quantity of core enterprises and production capacity of partners, and then the mathematical model was verified in the last.
Research on Abrasive Flow Machining for the Outer Rotor of Cycloidal Pump
Authors: Xie Wen Bing , Zhang Ke Hua , Zhang Si Wei , Xu Biao
Published: March 2013

Abstract. In order to reduce the surface roughness and improve the manufacturing precision of the outer rotor surface of the cycloidal pump, the method that outer rotor tooth surface on the abrasive flow machining (AFM) is adopted. First of all, a power-law model to describe the form of abrasive flow was created, simulation analysis on AFM for the external rotor tooth surface, and the distribution of shear stress that the boundary layer abrasive subjected near the various parts of the outer rotor tooth surface can be draw. Then, choose abrasives with different particle size for processing. Experimental results demonstrate that tooth top, tooth surface and tooth root surface roughness Ra of the outer rotor from the 2.48um 2.192um and 2.107um down to processed 0.054um, 0.094um and 0.185um, material removal is 0.4g. AFM method can improve the manufacturing precision of the outer rotor, reduce the radial tooth tip meshing gap, reduce friction and wear of the tooth surface, extend the working life of cycloidal pump.