bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual activation of word stress from orthography
Authors: Post da Silveira Amanda , van Heuven Vincent J. , Caspers Johanneke , Schiller Niels O.
Published: November 2014

Studies in bilingualism have shown that words activate form-similar neighbors in both first (L1) and second (L2) languages. Accordingly, we
hypothesized that the degree of form similarity between L1–L2 word pairs causes a proportional amount of prosodic transfer in L2 speech
production. Thus, cognate pairs L1–L2 which bear lexical stress in the same syllable position should be facilitated in L2 production, while
cognates with stress on mismatching positions L1–L2 should be inhibited. The results of a speeded word naming task with English L2 speakers
showed facilitation in production of cognate words overall. Concerning word stress in L1–L2, an opposite effect was found between 2- and
3-syllable cognate words, while no effect was found for non-cognates. The effects found for cognate words correlate with form similarity and
L2 lexical frequency values, corroborating the hypotheses that lexical activation in L2 is non-selective and that the bilingual lexicon is
built in association between L1 and L2 at multiple levels of linguistic representation.
De verstaanbaarheid van natuurlijk snelle versus kunstmatig versnelde spraak in het Nederlands
Authors: Rosink Susan , van Heeswijk Linda , Kroon Martin , Schüppert Anja
Published: November 2014

The debate whether natural fast speech is more intelligible than artificially time-compressed speech has not clearly been answered yet. For Dutch, for instance, it has been shown in a phoneme detection task that time-compressed speech is more intelligible than natural fast speech, while for Danish listeners, no difference between the intelligibility of natural fast speech and time-compressed speech was reported from a dictation task. This article further investigates these conflicting results by reporting on a dictation task with Dutch listeners. The results suggest that the reported differences are more likely to be language-related than task-related.
The Ancient Greekψιλά – δασέαDistinction as a Possible Source for themaǧhūr – mahmūsDistinction in Sībawayhi’sKitāb
Authors: Heselwood Barry , Watson Janet C. E. , Maghrabi Reem
Published: November 2014

This paper explores conceptual and descriptive parallels between the Ancient Greekψιλά–δασέαdistinction as found in the Peripatetic textDe Audibilibus, and thegˇahr–hamsdistinction in the medieval Arabic writings of Al-Ḫalīl (d. c.786 A.D.) and Sībawayhi (d. c.796 A.D.). In both cases there is a focus on the absence versus presence of audible breath, and a belief that audible breath is a cause of lack of clarity in speech. There is no historical evidence that theDe Audibilibuswas available to the Arab grammarians either directly or through Syriac sources, but the striking similarities suggest that ideas expressed in it did make their way into Arabic phonetic thinking. The fact that Sībawayhi applied the distinction to all the sounds of Arabic, and did not introduce a third term equivalent to the later Greekμέσαcategory found in theTechnē Grammatikē(2nd cent. B.C.) and in Jacob of Edessa’s (c.640–708 A.D.) Syriac grammar based on it, suggests that it was theμέσαdistinction in its original form which influenced his division of Arabic sounds into themagˇhūrandmahmūsclasses.
Medieval Commentators on the Notion ‘persona agentis’ in Priscian’s Syntactic Theory
Authors: Fredborg Karin Margareta
Published: November 2014

Medieval syntactic analysis ranges from simple word order parsing in prescriptive grammars to sophisticated discussions of first and secondary constructibles in modistic, dependency grammars. What combines these two levels is found in Priscian‘s use of actants: (1) persona agentis (= Apollonius’ ‘understood nominative’), (2) verb phrase, and (3) persona patientis, in this paradigmatic word order, corresponding to an underlying structure with an active verb, e.g., audio te “I hear you” corresponding to audieris a me “You are heard by me”, seruio tibi “I am a servant to you”, seruieris a me “You are served by me”. In medieval understanding, more complex sentences are reducible / convertible to such active / passive constructions, if one includes their particular notions of government, where verbs govern the nominative and / or oblique cases, always in separate dyadic combinations, e.g., “I hear”, “hear you”.
The Qing Tradition and the Return of Manchu Lexicography to China (1970s–1990s)
Authors: Söderblom Saarela Mårten
Published: November 2014

In Qing China (1644–1911), many bilingual dictionaries of Manchu and Chinese were compiled to serve the needs of a multilingual empire. They were largely forgotten in the 20th century. In the 1970s, government initiatives to organize and research the historical heritage meant greater interaction with the Manchu language of the millions of Qing administrative documents still extant. Several projects to compile Manchu-Chinese dictionaries were thus undertaken, leading to the simultaneous publication of several titles in the early 1990s. The new Manchu dictionaries appealed to the Qing lexicographical tradition in their arrangement. By comparing the organization of two recent Manchu dictionaries, compiled respectively by An Shuangcheng (b.1942) and Hu Zengyi (b.1936), two scholars based in Beijing, this paper reveals that although no one pointed it out, the allegedly traditional arrangement in fact differed substantially between dictionaries.
Use of a Statewide Angler Tag Reporting System to Estimate Rates of Exploitation and Total Mortality for Idaho Sport Fisheries
Authors: Meyer Kevin A. , Schill Daniel J.
Published: November 2014

From 2006 to 2009, 18,712 fish were tagged and released in 45 tagging events using nonreward and high-reward T-bar anchor tags to estimate the rate of exploitation (u) by anglers in various Idaho fisheries. In total, 3,100 nonreward tags and 592 high-reward tags were reported by anglers. Annual u was adjusted for tag loss, tagging mortality, and angler tag reporting rate. Tag loss, estimated by double-tagging a subsample of fish, varied greatly among species; tag loss was lowest for Yellow Perch Perca flavescens (1.1% in year 1 and 4.5% in year 2) and crappies Pomoxis spp. (2.9% and 4.8%) and was highest for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (14.8% and 30.3%), Walleyes Sander vitreus (11.4% and 43.2%), and Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu (10.5% and 41.6%). Short-term (7–33-d) mortality averaged about 1% for both hatchery and wild fish. The nonreward-tag reporting rate averaged 54.5% across all species and years. Adjusted u averaged 19.4% (range = 2.0–44.3%) and was generally highest for crappies (mean = 28.7%) and Smallmouth Bass (22.0%) and lowest for wild trout (9.5%). Estimates of total annual mortality (A), based on the difference in tag returns between years 1 and 2, were plausible for some species but were unusually high for other species, especially Smallmouth Bass and wild trout. The implausibility of some estimates of A probably resulted from a combination of factors, including the reduced vulnerability of larger, older fish to angling, which would have caused a reduction in tag returns in year 2, likely due to a shift in fish behavior or habitat preference as tagged fish grew in size. Our results demonstrate the utility of using the high-reward tagging method to estimate u for fisheries under a variety of circumstances, but fisheries managers should use caution in attempting to simultaneously estimate A from the tag returns.

Received December 23, 2013; accepted July 21, 2014
Distributional analyses in the picture–word interference paradigm: Exploring the semantic interference and the distractor frequency effects
Authors: Scaltritti Michele , Navarrete Eduardo , Peressotti Francesca
Published: November 2014

The present study explores the distributional features of two important effects within the picture–word interference paradigm: the semantic interference and the distractor frequency effects. These two effects display different and specific distributional profiles. Semantic interference appears greatly reduced in faster response times, while it reaches its full magnitude only in slower responses. This can be interpreted as a sign of fluctuant attentional efficiency in resolving response conflict. In contrast, the distractor frequency effect is mediated mainly by a distributional shift, with low-frequency distractors uniformly shifting reaction time distribution towards a slower range of latencies. This finding fits with the idea that distractor frequency exerts its effect by modulating the point in time in which operations required to discard the distractor can start. Taken together, these results are congruent with current theoretical accounts of both the semantic interference and distractor frequency effects. Critically, distributional analyses highlight and further describe the different cognitive dynamics underlying these two effects, suggesting that this analytical tool is able to offer important insights about lexical access during speech production.
pHuji, a pH-sensitive red fluorescent protein for imaging of exo- and endocytosis
Authors: Shen Yi , Rosendale Morgane , Campbell Robert E. , Perrais David
Published: November 2014

Fluorescent proteins with pH-sensitive fluorescence are valuable tools for the imaging of exocytosis and endocytosis. The Aequorea green fluorescent protein mutant superecliptic pHluorin (SEP) is particularly well suited to these applications. Here we describe pHuji, a red fluorescent protein with a pH sensitivity that approaches that of SEP, making it amenable for detection of single exocytosis and endocytosis events. To demonstrate the utility of the pHuji plus SEP pair, we perform simultaneous two-color imaging of clathrin-mediated internalization of both the transferrin receptor and the β2 adrenergic receptor. These experiments reveal that the two receptors are differentially sorted at the time of endocytic vesicle formation.
Live cell micropatterning reveals the dynamics of signaling complexes at the plasma membrane
Authors: Löchte Sara , Waichman Sharon , Beutel Oliver , You Changjiang , Piehler Jacob
Published: November 2014

Interactions of proteins in the plasma membrane are notoriously challenging to study under physiological conditions. We report in this paper a generic approach for spatial organization of plasma membrane proteins into micropatterns as a tool for visualizing and quantifying interactions with extracellular, intracellular, and transmembrane proteins in live cells. Based on a protein-repellent poly(ethylene glycol) polymer brush, micropatterned surface functionalization with the HaloTag ligand for capturing HaloTag fusion proteins and RGD peptides promoting cell adhesion was devised. Efficient micropatterning of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor subunit IFNAR2 fused to the HaloTag was achieved, and highly specific IFN binding to the receptor was detected. The dynamics of this interaction could be quantified on the single molecule level, and IFN-induced receptor dimerization in micropatterns could be monitored. Assembly of active signaling complexes was confirmed by immunostaining of phosphorylated Janus family kinases, and the interaction dynamics of cytosolic effector proteins recruited to the receptor complex were unambiguously quantified by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
The contribution of αβ-tubulin curvature to microtubule dynamics
Authors: Brouhard Gary J. , Rice Luke M.
Published: November 2014

Microtubules are dynamic polymers of αβ-tubulin that form diverse cellular structures, such as the mitotic spindle for cell division, the backbone of neurons, and axonemes. To control the architecture of microtubule networks, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and motor proteins regulate microtubule growth, shrinkage, and the transitions between these states. Recent evidence shows that many MAPs exert their effects by selectively binding to distinct conformations of polymerized or unpolymerized αβ-tubulin. The ability of αβ-tubulin to adopt distinct conformations contributes to the intrinsic polymerization dynamics of microtubules. αβ-Tubulin conformation is a fundamental property that MAPs monitor and control to build proper microtubule networks.
Stability of Dirichlet heat kernel estimates for non-local operators under Feynman-Kac perturbation
Authors: Chen Zhen-Qing , Kim Panki , Song Renming
Published: November 2014

In this paper we show that Dirichlet heat kernel estimates for a class of (not necessarily symmetric) Markov processes are stable under non-local Feynman-Kac perturbations. This class of processes includes, among others, (reflected) symmetric stable-like processes in closed

d
d

-sets in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

, killed symmetric stable processes, censored stable processes in

C

1
,
1

C^{1, 1}

open sets, as well as stable processes with drifts in bounded

C

1
,
1

C^{1, 1}

open sets. These two-sided estimates are explicit involving distance functions to the boundary.
Results of CO2 Laser-assisted Deep Sclerectomy as Compared With Conventional Deep Sclerectomy
Authors: Greifner Gabriel , Roy Sylvain , Mermoud André
Published: November 2014

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) compared with classic nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with implant in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who underwent primary filtration surgery with CO2 laser system at the time interval between July 2010 and April 2011 were identified, their medical files were reviewed, and their results were compared with matched control group who underwent classic NPDS with intrascleral implant at the same time period. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at baseline, 1 week, and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Main outcome measures were: IOP, use of supplemental medical therapy, and failure (5 mm Hg>IOP>18 mm Hg, reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception).

Results:

A total of 58 patients were reviewed, including 27 in the CLASS group and 31 in the NPDS group. For the CLASS group the follow-up (mean±SD) was 20.7±6.8 months, the mean preoperative IOP was 23.3±8.2 mm Hg (range, 10 to 38 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication before surgery was 3.0±1.0 (range, 1 to 4). At final follow-up visits, the mean IOP was 11.7±3.1 mm Hg (range, 6 to 19 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication was reduced to 1.0±1.6 (P<0.0003). The complete success rate (IOP≤18 mm Hg without antiglaucoma medication) was 73% and the qualified success rate (IOP≤18 mm Hg with/without antiglaucoma medication) was 96%. For the control group the mean follow-up was 17.6±6.7 months, the mean preoperative IOP was 23.1±7.3 mm Hg (range, 14 to 44 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication before surgery was 3.0±0.8 (range, 1 to 4). At final follow-up visits, the IOP was 13.3±3.6 mm Hg (range, 8 to 20 mm Hg), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medication was reduced to 0.7±1.1 (P<0.0004). The complete success rate and the qualified success rate were 71% and 89%, respectively.

Conclusions:

A new technique using a CO2-laser ablation system allows precise and easy creation of the scleral space and ablation of Schlemm canal. This technique has been shown to be as efficient as the standard NPDS surgery in terms of IOP-lowering effect. This would render the deep sclerectomy an easier glaucoma surgery.
Genetic and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Werlin Steven , Konikoff Fred M. , Halpern Zamir , Barkay Olga , Yerushalmi Baruch , Broide Efrat , Santo Erwin , Shamir Raanan , Shaoul Ron , Shteyer Eyal , Yaakov Yasmin , Cohen Michael , Kerem Eitan , Ruszniewski Philippe , Masson Emmanuelle , Ferec Claude , Wilschanski Michael
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

The aim was to present the workup of patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) for genetic analysis and electrophysiological testing.

Methods:

Patients with ARP with unknown etiology were referred for genetic testing and evaluation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR) function by nasal potential difference (NPD) testing.

Results:

A total of 67 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 23 ± 17 years (median 17.0 years, range 1.5–72 years); 90% were Jewish and 10% Arab. Ten (15%) patients carried PRSS1 gene mutation (K23R(7), R122H(2), and D21A(1)). One patient had K172E/− (chymotrypsin C [CTRC]) mutation, 1 had I42M (serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 [SPINK1])/V235I (CTRC) together with ΔF508/5T, 1 patient had R67H (SPINK1)/V235I (CTRC), and 1 patient had V235I (CTRC)/−. Ten of 67 (15%) patients submitted for CFTR gene testing carried mutations (ΔF508/L997F, ΔF508/5T(11TG), W1282/5T(12TG), W1282X/Y1014C, ΔF508/R31C, R117H/−, R117H/Y1014C, D1152H/−, 5T(11TG)/−, and L997F/−). Fifty‐four (80%) patients underwent sweat testing. Of these, 5 had sweat chloride ≥60 mEq/L, and 22 patients had sweat chloride from 40 to 60 mEq/L. Of the 56 (83%) patients had nasal potential difference testing, 4 (6%) with abnormal results.

Conclusions:

One‐third (34%) of patients with ARP carry mutations for hereditary pancreatitis including rare mutations (K23R), and 12.5% have evidence of cftr mutations and 10% had CFTR dysfunction underscoring the importance of genetic and functional workup of these patients.
Bile Acid Pool Dynamics in Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis With Partial External Bile Diversion
Authors: Jericho Hilary S. , Kaurs Elizabeth , Boverhof Renze , Knisely Alex , Shneider Benjamin L. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Whitington Peter F.
Published: November 2014

Objectives:

Partial external bile diversion (PEBD) is an established therapy for low‐γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). This study sought to determine whether the dynamics of the cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) pools in subjects with low‐GGT‐PFIC with successful PEBD were equivalent to those achieved with successful liver transplantation (LTX).

Methods:

The kinetics of CA and CDCA metabolism were measured by stable isotope dilution in plasma samples in 5 subjects with PEBD, all with intact canalicular bile salt export pump expression and compared with subjects with low‐GGT‐PFIC with successful LTX. Stomal loss of bile acids was measured in subjects with PEBD.

Results:

The fractional turnover rate for CA in the PEBD group ranged from 0.5 to 4.2/day (LTX group, range 0.2–0.9/day, P = 0.076) and for CDCA from 0.7 to 4.5/day (LTX group 0.3–0.4/day, P = 0.009). The CA and CDCA pool sizes were equivalent between groups; however, pool composition in PEBD was somewhat more hydrophilic. The CA/CDCA ratio in PEBD ranged from 0.9 to 19.5, whereas in LTX it ranged from 0.5 to 2.6. Synthesis rates computed from isotope dilution correlated well with timed output for both CA (r2 = 0.760, P = 0.024) and CDCA (r2 = 0.690, P = 0.021).

Conclusions:

PEBD results in bile acid fractional turnover rates greater than LTX, pool sizes equivalent to LTX, and pool composition that is at least as hydrophilic as produced by LTX.
Measuring systemic financial risk and analyzing influential factors: an extreme value approach
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Shoudong , Zhang Xiu
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to measure a single financial institution's contribution to systemic risk by using extremal quantile regression and analyzing the influential factors of systemic risk.

Design/methodology/approach

– Extreme value theory is applied when measuring the systemic risk of financial institutions. Extremal quantile regression, where extreme value distribution is assumed for the tail, is used to measure the extreme risk and analyze the changes in and dependencies of risk. Furthermore, influential factors of systemic risk are analyzed using panel regression.

Findings

– The key findings of the paper are that value at risk and contribution to systemic risk are very different when measuring the risk of a financial institution; banks’ contributions to systemic risk are much higher; and size and leverage ratio are two significant and important factors influencing an institution's systemic risk.

Practical implications

– Characterizing variables of financial institutions such as size, leverage ratio and market beta should be considered together when regulating and constraining financial institutions.

Originality/value

– To take extreme risk into account, this paper measures systemic financial risk using extremal quantile regression for the first time.
Targeting Lyme
Authors: Birnbaum David
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe recent passage of a private member's bill that can put Canada on a different path from the USA in attempting to resolve conflict that arose over how an influential clinical practice guideline for Lyme disease was developed.

Design/methodology/approach

– Narrative review.

Findings

– Critical appraisal of pertinent scientific literature is fundamental to the production of evidence-based practice guidelines. Perception of fairness and transparency in a guideline development process is fundamental to wide acceptance. Allegations of conflicts of interest and excluding opposing views in development of Lyme disease guidelines led to legislative interventions after insurers started basing denial of claims and licensing boards started responding to complaints against physicians whose treatment regimens were inconsistent with guideline statements on chronic Lyme disease. Opposing sides are both faced with limitations in available research evidence. Claims and counterclaims about availability of impartial subject matter experts free of vested interests arose; however, this has been compounded by failures in communication channels. Perhaps most importantly, and the focus of this viewpoint, wide perception among those afflicted of a flawed guideline development process makes it unlikely that all sides can reach agreement on this path. Canada, unlike the USA, is taking steps to include all stakeholders (including representatives of the medical community and of patients’ groups) in a review meeting to develop a comprehensive national framework.

Research limitations/implications

– This situation provides a noteworthy example of defining best practice in the difficult situations where stakes are high, diagnostic tools are flawed, some of those identified as experts have vested interests, and patients with unmet needs feel excluded.

Originality/value

– The next steps in Canada bear watching, both in terms of potentially resolving key conflicts around the one guideline document in question, and also as a potential model for a more successful guideline development process.
Clinical governance in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Botje Daan , Plochg Thomas , S. Klazinga Niek , Wagner Cordula
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– For accountability purposes, performance information sharing and clear divisions of responsibilities between medical specialists and executive boards are critical. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether these aspects of clinical governance have been taken up by executive boards and medical specialists in the Netherlands.

Design/methodology/approach

– This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the information-sharing between medical specialists and executive boards in Dutch hospitals as one key aspect of clinical governance. Between November 2010 and February 2011, 67 medical staff board chairs and 40 chief executive officers completed an online questionnaire concerning information-sharing and the clinical governance practices within their respective hospitals.

Findings

– Almost all respondents acknowledged the importance of information-sharing. However, the actual sharing differed per type of performance information. Policy/management information was shared more often than patient care information. Similarly, medical specialists differ in the degree of responsibility the take for specific clinical governance tasks. Almost all were involved in managing complication registries (99 per cent), while few managed hospital accreditation (55 per cent).

Research limitations/implications

– With executive boards and medical specialists being increasingly dependent of a shared budget, they have an extra incentive to share information and to take up clinical governance tasks. The study showed that Dutch medical specialists are sharing many types of performance information with the executive board, but that this should be increased to comply with the codes. Thus far, few hospital managers in the study have formalised this in an information protocol, which is potentially the next step for other hospital staff to incorporate as well. Those who have an information protocol seem to be aware of the business case for quality.

Originality/value

– This study is the first attempt to explore to what extent Dutch medical specialists share performance information with their respective executive boards and take up clinical governance tasks.
Clinical governance in the Irish health system – a review of progress
Authors: McAuliffe Eilish
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explain the path that the Irish health system has taken towards achieving good clinical governance, exploring the historical influences on its’ development, some of the major initiatives that have been implemented and the obstacles that have been encountered.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper draws on the author's experience researching and teaching in health systems and healthcare management.

Findings

– The paper offers some explanations for why earlier attempts failed to change the system as well as why recent attempts have met with more success. Greater efforts need to be made to progress clinical governance in the primary care services. In addition it is argued that there is a need to institute systems that enable learning form errors, to involve the public and patient groups and to invest in research that enables answers to the how and why questions that are so often neglected in the reform process.

Originality/value

– The paper discusses clinical governance in the Irish Health system and identifies some of the challenges yet to be addressed, many of which are common to clinical governance efforts in other jurisdictions.
Application of resource dependency theory and transaction cost theory in analysing outsourcing information communication services decisions
Authors: Mwai Naomi Wangari , Kiplang’at Joseph , Gichoya David
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to establish how resource dependency theory (RDT) and transaction cost theory (TCT) can inform decisions to outsource ICT services by public university libraries in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study adopted a multiple case study strategy in four selected public universities libraries in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to identify respondents and data collection was done using a semi-structured interview schedule.

Findings

– The study highlights how RDT and TCT theoretical perspectives illuminate some of the reasons, and problems associated with Information and Communications Technology outsourcing in Libraries. The paper concludes with recommendations and the way forward.

Research limitations/implications

– The study was limited to the outsourcing of information technology services in four public university libraries in Kenya, namely, Kenyatta University (KU) in Kahawa, Nairobi; Moi University (MU) in Eldoret; University of Nairobi (UON) in Nairobi; and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) in Juja, Thika. This being a qualitative study (and taking into consideration the subjective views where bias could occur), the researchers ensured that the research was reliable by recording and taking notes during the interviews and by using peer-debriefing and professionals in the field to ascertain their views.

Practical implications

– The paper provides practical insights into outsourcing of Information Technology (IT) services in Public University libraries and information centres in Kenya. This study is useful for university libraries, information professionals, information communication technology professionals and university management.

Social implications

– The implications of the study are that outsourcing needs to be guided by clear policies that are documented and communicated to all the stakeholders.

Originality/value

– This research assesses IT outsourcing services in selected public academic libraries in Kenya.
Because You’re You: factors influencing item selection in a digital sheet music collection
Authors: Coates Midge
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing user selection of individual works in a collection of digitized sheet music.

Design/methodology/approach

– Google Analytics page view data were grouped by source (directing link) and correlated with five factors: inclusion in a collaborative indexing project (Sheet Music Consortium); browse list order; cover appearance; inclusion in mini-collections; and presence of links to audio versions.

Findings

– Four of the five factors examined showed some influence on user selection: Works listed in the Sheet Music Consortium had more views/work than those not listed; Works at the top of the Sheet Music Consortium browse list had more views by Consortium users than those lower down; Works with cover graphics had more views/work than those with covers containing words alone; Works included in mini-collections received more views/work from users with access to those mini-collections; Works with links to audio versions did not have more views/work than works without links.

Practical implications

– The most important finding of this study is that the best way to increase the use of individual collection items may be to participate in a large and well-known collaborative index such as the Sheet Music Consortium.

Originality/value

– This is the first study using Google Analytics to examine factors influencing user selection of individual digital collection items.
Web 2.0 tools: a survey of awareness and use by librarians in university libraries in Africa
Authors: Baro Emmanuel E , Edewor Nelson , Sunday Godwin
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the level of awareness and use of Web 2.0 tools by librarians in university libraries in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

– A questionnaire was used to collect data from 140 librarians from 16 leading university libraries in Africa.

Findings

– The study revealed that librarians in Africa are mostly familiar with Web 2.0 tools such as social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), blogs, instant messaging and wikis. It was also found that the most frequently used Web 2.0 tools by the librarians in university libraries in Africa are Facebook, instant messaging, blogs, Twitter and wikis. The study revealed that the librarians use the Web 2.0 tools for the purpose of announcing library news/events, online reference services, training resources, blogging and image and video sharing with users. Finally, lack of skills, power failure, lack of facilities such as computers with Internet access, lack of time and lack of interest were mentioned by the librarians as some of the challenges to using Web 2.0 tools.

Practical implications

– These research results can also be consulted by interested librarians when they plan to make Web 2.0 applications in their libraries.

Originality/value

– This study draws an overall picture of the Web 2.0 applications in university libraries in Africa and attempts to provide these libraries with helpful information to better understand how their colleagues elsewhere are utilizing Web 2.0 technologies in rendering library services.
Exposing scholarly information as Linked Open Data: RDFizing DSpace contents
Authors: Konstantinou Nikolaos , Spanos Dimitrios-Emmanuel , Houssos Nikos , Mitrou Nikolaos
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to introduce a transformation engine which can be used to convert an existing institutional repository installation into a Linked Open Data repository.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors describe how the data that exist in a DSpace repository can be semantically annotated to serve as a Semantic Web (meta)data repository.

Findings

– The authors present a non-intrusive, standards-compliant approach that can run alongside with current practices, while incorporating state-of-the art methodologies.

Originality/value

– Also, they propose a set of mappings between domain vocabularies that can be (re)used towards this goal, thus offering an approach that covers both the technical and semantic aspects of the procedure.
Will open-access journals substitute big-deal subscriptions in engineering college libraries in India?
Authors: Aragudige Nagaraja , Vasanthakumar M
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to analyse the impact of open-access (OA) journals in engineering and technology institutions, if libraries are not subscribed to the journals through the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) mandatory packages. In India, many engineering colleges do not subscribe to journals through business subscription models or consortia and invariably a majority of them depend on OA journals to fulfil their users’ needs.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper identifies the impact factors of mandatory journals made in big-deal subscriptions with the impact factors of OA journals available to access in Directory of OA Journals pertaining to engineering and technology.

Findings

– The study reveals that journals subscribed through big-deal subscriptions have better impact in the scholarly communications than the OA journals.

Research limitations/implications

– The results of this study cannot be generalized to all disciplines. Impact factors of journals can also be calculated by use of SCImago Journal Rank indicator, which uses the Scopus database. Publish or Perish can also be used to analyse Google Scholar rankings to identify the individual journal’s impact.

Originality/value

– The result of the study is useful for selection of e-journals in big-deal subscriptions and it highlights the implications and impact of OA journals in engineering and technology.
A numerical scheme based on differential quadrature method for numerical simulation of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
Authors: Verma Anjali , Jiwari Ram , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical scheme based on forward finite difference, quasi-linearisation process and polynomial differential quadrature method to find the numerical solutions of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach

– In first step, time derivative is discretised by forward difference method. Then, quasi-linearisation process is used to tackle the non-linearity in the equation. Finally, fully discretisation by differential quadrature method (DQM) leads to a system of linear equations which is solved by Gauss-elimination method.

Findings

– The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by several test examples. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions and the numerical solutions exist in literature. The proposed scheme can be expended for multidimensional problems.

Originality/value

– The main advantage of the present scheme is that the scheme gives very accurate and similar results to the exact solutions by choosing less number of grid points. Secondly, the scheme gives better accuracy than (Dehghan and Shokri, 2009; Pekmen and Tezer-Sezgin, 2012) by choosing less number of grid points and big time step length. Also, the scheme can be extended for multidimensional problems.
Heat and mass transfer in a porous medium filled rectangular duct with Soret and Dufour effects under inclined magnetic field
Authors: J. Chamkha Ali , Mallikarjuna B. , Bhuvana Vijaya R. , Prasada Rao D.R.V.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of Soret and Dufour effects on convective heat and mass transfer flow through a porous medium in a rectangular duct in the presence of inclined magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using the non-dimensional variables, the governing equations have been transformed into a set of differential equations, which are non-linear and cannot be solved analytically, therefore finite element method has been used for solving the governing equations.

Findings

– The influence of thermo-diffusion, diffusion thermo, radiation, dissipation, heat sources and the inclined magnetic field on all the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics has been found to be significant.

Originality/value

– The problem is relatively original as it combines many effects as Soret and Dufour effects and chemical reaction under inclined magnetic field.
Formulation of Kansa's method in the frequency domain for the analysis of transient heat conduction
Authors: Godinho Luis , Branco Fernando
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– A number of works have been published in the scientific literature proposing the solution of heat diffusion problems by first transforming the relevant partial differential equation to the frequency domain. The purpose of this paper is to present a mesh-free strategy to assess transient heat propagation in the frequency domain, also allowing incorporating initial non-zero conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The strategy followed here is based in Kansa's method, using the MQ RBF as a basis function. The resulting method is truly mesh-free, and does not require any domain or boundary integrals to be evaluated. The definition of good values for the free parameter of the MQ RBF is also addressed.

Findings

– The strategy was found to be accurate in the calculation of both frequency and time-domain responses. The time evolution of the temperature considering an initial non-uniform distribution of temperatures compared well with a standard time-marching algorithm, based on an implicit Crank-Nicholson implementation. It was possible to calculate frequency-dependent values for the free parameter of the radial basis function.

Originality/value

– As far as the authors are aware, previous implementations of the frequency domain heat transfer approach required domain integrals to be evaluated in order to implement non-zero initial conditions. This is totally avoided with the present formulation. Additionally, the method is truly mesh-free, accurate and does not require any element or background mesh to be defined.
The cost of carbon management using ocean nourishment
Authors: S.F. Jones Ian
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– A current estimate of the cost of reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by Ocean Nourishment is provided. A scenario of fertilisation of the ocean in regions of excess phosphorous, carried out using a ship to distribute ammonium hydroxide, is examined.

Design/methodology/approach

– Ocean fertilisation could be deployed to draw down the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and store it for millennia in the deep ocean.

Findings

– The costs of fertilising the ocean with macronutrient depends mostly on the cost of producing the nutrient and the cost of its delivery. Macronutrient fertilisation has been calculated, for a particular scenario, to cost US$20 per tonne of carbon dioxide emission avoided for 100 years.

Research limitations/implications

– There is a collateral benefit of increased fish stocks, which is not considered here. The ocean, plausibly, has the capacity to sequester more than one Gigatonne per year of carbon (∼3.7 Gt CO2/yr) via macronutrient fertilisation.

Practical implications

– This modest cost of reducing climate change justifies further research and development of ocean macronutrient fertilisation.

Social implications

– The modest cost allows climate change to be addressed without serious economic disruption.

Originality/value

– The study reported is a contribution to mitigation of climate change.
Evaluating the impact of a multi-disciplinary, international course for PhD researchers
Authors: Philippi Fiona
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this study is to highlight how responses to student evaluation of a European Commission-funded multi-disciplinary summer course for international PhD students can be used to demonstrate a range of potential outcomes for individual researchers. It details the mixed-methods approach taken to evaluation of this course and shows how the results of this can be used to inform, validate and strengthen future provision of intensive training of this nature for PhD researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

– The two-week LEADER course held in Edinburgh in July 2013 is used as a case study for the use of a mixed-methods evaluation approach to measuring potential impact. The Vitae Impact Framework is used as a tool to map three different evaluation methods and responses to impact levels. Further analysis of evaluation responses gives insight into rates of participant satisfaction, learning attributed to the course and behavioural changes made as a result of the experience.

Findings

– The results of this study demonstrate the potential value of intensive, multi-disciplinary courses in providing lasting benefits to researchers both in personal and professional contexts.

Research limitations/implications

– The timeframe of this study spans a total of seven months. Although initial findings demonstrate clear short-term positive effects of the course on researchers, a longitudinal tracking study over several years would be required to assess longer term impact.

Originality/value

– These findings can be used to inform and strengthen researcher development activities of this nature at other institutions.
Developing future research leaders
Authors: Browning Lynette , Thompson Kirrilly , Dawson Drew
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel strategy for building research capability in a young university with an emerging research culture. Investment in building research capacity is essential for universities to remain competitive, but one of the challenges for younger universities is developing the research capability of individuals in an emerging research culture.

Design/methodology/approach

– To gain a better understanding of how leading researchers become research leaders and how universities can design strategies to attract, retain, develop and promote researchers, we carried out a study of 30 research leaders in Australia. We then designed and implemented a cohort-based career development programme for early career researchers.

Findings

– From our research, and the programme we developed, we have found that developing early career researchers does not mean teaching them how to do research – it means teaching them how to build a track record, which can lead to a research career. A development programme for early career researchers is a short-term investment for longer-term returns, but these programmes do have immediate impact on research productivity for the individual researchers and for the organisation.

Practical implications

– We consider the success of the Early Career Researchers Programme is due to the regular face to face workshops, the development of the research career plan and the supportive research environment provided by the me.

Originality/value

– The investment in this programme clearly demonstrates the value of researcher development on research outputs and research careers. These methods could be applied to researcher development training programmes elsewhere.
Performing masculinity: considering gender in doctoral student socialization
Authors: W. Sallee Margaret
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this article is to suggest that doctoral student socialization is a gendered process.

Design/methodology/approach

– This article uses a qualitative case study methodology, studying engineering students in one university department.

Findings

– The author considers how various norms and practices, including competition and hierarchy along with overt objectification of women, point to the masculine nature of the discipline.

Originality/value

– Although stage models of socialization are helpful in that they provide an outline of students’ various tasks as they progress through their doctoral programs, they can account neither for the culture of disciplines nor for the identities of students who populate them. The author suggests that students in engineering are prepared to embrace competition and hierarchy, norms that point to a gendered disciplinary culture. Although, certainly, particular interests will lead students to pursue different majors, the discipline serves to reinforce culture.
Sino-substitution: Chinese foreign direct investment in Zambia
Authors: John Barton Stuart
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to establish the level (if any) of Chinese State influence on setting the terms of Foreign Direct Investment in Zambia, specifically their influence on improving access for Chinese investors through the establishment of Special Economic Zones.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents a process trace to test primary archival data and elite interviews against growing academic and popular “China in Africa” literature.

Findings

– After examining primary data, existing academic and popular literature is found to poorly describe China’s economic influence in Zambia, primarily by largely speculating on non-evident coercive investment practices. Instead, the paper concludes that similarities between new Chinese investment and retreating Western sources in Africa can better be described as “Sino-Substitution”.

Research limitations/implications

– The primary research has focused on English language Zambian sources; access to further Chinese sources would improve the breadth of the study.

Practical implications

– The study has found the terms of new Chinese investment in Zambia to be far more calculated, consensual and symbiotic than described in the existing literature. This more balanced view of Chinese investment is important if other foreign investors are to retain or regain competitive advantage in the region.

Originality/value

– No existing research has traced empirically the process through which the Zambian Government developed Special Economic Zones into the country’s largest investment vehicle, or how Chinese investment came to dominant capital flows within them. As investment in these zones grows, a better understanding of the Zambia–China relationship should help other investors compete, and improve Zambia’s access to capital.