bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of two-dimensional diamond-like colloidal crystals using layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly
Authors: Fujita Minori , Toyotama Akiko , Okuzono Tohru , Niinomi Hiromasa , Yamanaka Junpei
Published: December 2023

We report here that a two-dimensional diamond-like structure of micron-sized colloidal particles can be obtained by layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Active chiral dynamics and boundary accumulation phenomenon in confined camphor particles
Authors: Cruz José-Manuel , Díaz-Hernández Orlando , Castañeda-Jonapá Andrés , Morales-Padrón Gustavo , Estudillo Alberto , Salgado-García Raúl
Published: December 2023

Through experimental analysis of camphor-infused particles, we observed motion patterns aligning with those of active chiral particles. We unveil intricate phenomena, including accumulation at boundary and intriguing sliding dynamics on the wall.
Charge compensation in a layered van der Waals NiPS3 host through various cationic intercalations
Authors: Pazek Sebastian , Efimenko Anna , Félix Roberto , Roslova Maria , Querebillo Christine Joy , Gorbunov Mikhail V. , Ovchinnikov Alexander , Koitzsch Andreas , Escudero Carlos , Shemerliuk Yuliia , Aswartham Saicharan , Büchner Bernd , Omar Ahmad , Mikhailova Daria
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical cation intercalation into 2D NiPS3 leads either to reduction of the (P2S6)4− units (Li example) or Ni cations (Na example), or causes electrochemical reduction and decomposition of EMIM cations within the van der Waals interlayers.
Highly conductive grain boundaries in cold-sintered barium zirconate-based proton conductors
Authors: Kindelmann Moritz , Escolastico Sonia , Almar Laura , Vayyala Ashok , Jennings Dylan , Deibert Wendelin , Meulenberg Wilhelm A. , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Bram Martin , Serra Jose M. , Mayer Joachim , Guillon Olivier
Published: December 2023

A novel processing route for barium zirconate based protonic ceramics using cold sintering enables decreased sintering temperatures as well as high grain boundary conductivity.
Tailoring the properties of semi-aromatic copolyimides through structural manipulation towards energy-storage applications
Authors: Butnaru Irina , Chiriac Adriana-Petronela , Asandulesa Mihai , Tugui Codrin , Stoica Iuliana , Damaceanu Mariana-Dana
Published: December 2023

Three series of copolyimides with various polar units such as nitrile, carbonyl, polyethylene and polyethylene oxide were developed and tested as flexible/stretchable dielectric materials or energy storage capacitors.
Automatic multiclass classification of laryngeal cancer using deep convolution neural networks
Authors: Munirathinam Ramesh , Tamilnidhi M. , Thangaraj Rajasekaran , Eswaran Sivaraman , Chandrasekaran Gokul , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev
Published: December 2023

In this work, the classification of laryngeal cancer is attempted using deeply learned features obtained using Inception V3, Squeezenet, and VGG‐16 embedders in the Orange toolbox. Machine learning algorithms such as KNN, SVM, random forest, decision tree, and neural network classifiers are employed to classify the stages or categories of laryngeal cancer. The ranking of deep learning feature values is carried out using state‐of‐the‐art metrics such as information gain, information gain ratio, chi‐square, and reliefF. It is observed that the performance of the algorithms is affected by the cross‐validation.
Logarithmic singularity subtraction for matrix‐friendly layered medium Green's functions
Authors: Wang Shuo
Published: December 2023

A subtraction procedure is proposed to evaluate the logarithmic singularity for matrix‐friendly layered medium Green's functions. In this subtraction procedure, an integral of the Bessel function combined with the exponential function and power function, where the sum of the power of and the order of the Bessel function is −1, is designed to fit the oscillation of the tail integral. After subtracting the designed integral, the integrand of the remainder decreases rapidly. Accordingly, the remainder can be calculated without finding any surface poles or steepest descent path, while the subtracted part can be calculated analytically. Several numerical examples are provided to reveal the feasibility and the accuracy of the proposed method.
Intelligent ADRC‐based inertia control for offshore wind farm
Authors: Li Tai , Sun Sunan , Li Mengjie , Cheng Liang , Ji Zhicheng , Shen Yanxia
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms based on auto disturbance rejection controller with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. First, based on the system frequency dynamic response equation, an active disturbance rejection controller is designed according to the non‐linear feedback control law and the extended state observer to improve the anti‐interference capability of the virtual inertia control system. Second, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in tuning the parameters of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), an ABC algorithm based on nectar collection behaviour was proposed to iteratively optimize the parameters of ADRC. Finally, the proposed control method is effectively verified based on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed ABC‐ADRC can effectively control the rotor speed to adjust the frequency of the power grid system, achieve power sharing and adaptive noise elimination, reduce the complexity of parameter settings, not only improve anti‐interference ability, but also enhance the robustness of the system.
Aesthetic Outcomes of Rhinoplasty Performed in the Early Posttrauma Period after Nasal Bone Fracture
Authors: Liao Pei-Hsun , Go Junyong , Fung Chak Yuen , Jang Yong Ju
Published: December 2023

The optimal timing of rhinoplasty for patients with nasal bone fractures remains controversial. We investigated whether the timing of rhinoplasty after nasal trauma affects the aesthetic outcome of the procedure. A total of 41 adult patients with nasal bone fractures who underwent rhinoplasty between 2006 and 2021 were enrolled in this study. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to indicate the assessor's satisfaction with the surgical outcome after a comparison of the pre- and postoperative facial photographs of each patient. Of the 41 patients, 28 underwent rhinoplasty within 14 days after nasal trauma (early rhinoplasty group), whereas 13 underwent rhinoplasty more than 14 days after nasal trauma (late rhinoplasty group). The rate of receiving spreader and shield graft was higher in the late rhinoplasty group (p = 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). Patients with type IV or V nasal bone fracture and patients with preoperative saddle noses had higher VAS scores than those with types I to III fractures and those without preoperative saddle nose (p = 0.003 and 0.020, respectively). There was no significant difference in overall aesthetic outcome between the early and late rhinoplasty groups. Both groups achieved significantly better radix height, dorsal height, and tip projection after rhinoplasty. The aesthetic outcome of rhinoplasty performed in the early posttrauma period is comparable with that of rhinoplasty performed more than 2 weeks after nasal bone fracture. Rhinoplasty can be considered a safe surgical treatment option for nasal bone fracture, even in the early posttrauma period.

Level of Evidence: 4.
Effect of Intraoral Appliance on Oral Health Status and Streptococcus mutans Count: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Marwah Nikhil , Vishwanathaiah Satish , Chaturvedi Shefali , Lekhwani Priyanka , Maganur Prabhadevi C.
Published: December 2023

Objective Appliances used in preventive and interceptive orthodontics, which are often provided to correct or intercept a specific malocclusion or habit, may be detrimental. to a child's oral health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra oral appliance wear on the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and on levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods A total of 60 children requiring any preventive or interceptive orthodontic treatment (appliance therapy) were randomly divided into two groups, as fixed orthodontic appliance group (n = 30) and removable appliance group (n = 30). Preoperative and post operative assessments of patients were done before and after wearing appliances. Assessment was done by determining oral hygiene status and microbiological evaluation of saliva for S. mutans count. S. mutans colonies were counted from saliva cultured on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar.

Statistical Analysis Data that are continuous in nature were summarized as standard deviation and mean. For “within group” comparisons, paired t-tests were used to analyze the continuous data. For “between group” comparisons, unpaired t-tests and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the continuous data.

Results Appliance treatment increases plaque and gingival indices. Plaque and gingival index changes 1 month after deployment of both fixed and removable appliances were essentially the same and statistically non-significant with p-values of 0.412 and 0.965. Bleeding on probing after insertion of both appliances was not statistically significant (p=0.423). S. mutans numbers increased following removable and fixed orthodontics. Fixed appliances had more S. mutans than removable appliances (p=0.014).

Conclusion The inherent levels of these microorganisms are related with plaque accumulation due to fixed or removable appliances. Increase in the level of plaque and microorganisms after fixed and removable appliance therapy can hamper optimum oral health and thus is a concern for pedodontists. During orthodontic therapy, cariogenic pathogens should be reviewed, and to prevent cariogenic pathogens from increasing and to maintain oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, proper recall visits, patient and parent education, and regular fluoride application are essential.
Biliary Ablation for Sectoral Duct Injury to Avoid Surgery
Authors: Justaniah Almamoon I. , Boshnaq Sami
Published: December 2023

Bile duct injury is a common and serious complication of both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. The conventional treatment for isolated bile duct injury is hepaticojejunostomy or hepatectomy. We present a case of biliary leak from an isolated right posterior sectoral duct after cholecystectomy treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy using alcohol. Approval and consent waiver were obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB 2023-CR-18).
Characterization of Safety Events Involving Technology in Primary and Community Care
Authors: Recsky Chantelle , Stowe Megan , Rush Kathy L. , MacPhee Maura , Blackburn Lorraine , Muniak Allison , Currie Leanne M.
Published: December 2023

Background The adoption of technology in health care settings is often touted as an opportunity to improve patient safety. While some adverse events can be reduced by health information technologies, technology has also been implicated in or attributed to safety events. To date, most studies on this topic have focused on acute care settings.

Objectives To describe voluntarily reported safety events that involved health information technology in community and primary care settings in a large Canadian health care organization.

Methods Two years of safety events involving health information technology (2016–2018) were extracted from an online voluntary safety event reporting system. Events from primary and community care settings were categorized according to clinical setting, type of event, and level of harm. The Sittig and Singh sociotechnical system model was then used to identify the most prominent sociotechnical dimensions of each event.

Results Of 104 reported events, most (n = 85, 82%) indicated the event resulted in no harm. Public health had the highest number of reports (n = 45, 43%), whereas home health had the fewest (n = 7, 7%). Of the 182 sociotechnical concepts identified, many events (n = 61, 59%) mapped to more than one dimension. Personnel (n = 48, 46%), Workflow and Communication (n = 37, 36%), and Content (n = 30, 29%) were the most common. Personnel and Content together was the most common combination of dimensions.

Conclusion Most reported events featured both technical and social dimensions, suggesting that the nature of these events is multifaceted. Leveraging existing safety event reporting systems to screen for safety events involving health information technology, and applying a sociotechnical analytic framework can aid health organizations in identifying, responding to, and learning from reported events.
Statistical Analysis Of 750 Cleft Lip And Palate Patients
Authors: Theogaraj Sam D. , Theogaraj Sam D. , Joseph L. B. M. , Mani Mani M.
Published: December 2023

1. 750 cleft lip and palate cases have been analysed.

2. Clefts which involve the prepalate and palate proper, are seen most commonly.

3. MF. ratiois 4: 3.

4. There is a positive family history in 12.19.

5. Left sided clefts of the prepalate are found in 50% of cases.

6. There was a history of consanguinity in over 50% of 250 cases.

7. Maternal age and birth rank are not of much significance.

8. Middle ear disease was found in only 9% of cases and the reason for this is offered.
Surgical Management of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Face
Authors: Manchanda Dr R. L. , Singh Dr Rajinder
Published: December 2023

1. Brief bistory, clinical features of basal cell carcinoma are described.

2. Fifty-eight cases of basal cell carcinoma treated by surgery are presented.

3. Reconstructive aspect has been detailed and illustrated.
The inverse problem for cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Bury T. M. , Diagne K. , Olshan D. , Glass L. , Shrier A. , Lerman B. B. , Bub G.
Published: December 2023

A cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heart beat. We study a type of arrhythmia called a premature ventricular complex (PVC), which is typically benign, but in rare cases can lead to more serious arrhythmias or heart failure. There are three known mechanisms for PVCs: reentry, an ectopic focus, and triggered activity. We develop minimal models for each mechanism and attempt the inverse problem of determining which model (and therefore which mechanism) best describes the beat dynamics observed in an ambulatory electrocardiogram. We demonstrate our approach on a patient who exhibits frequent PVCs and find that their PVC dynamics are best described by a model of triggered activity. Better identification of the PVC mechanism from wearable device data could improve risk stratification for the development of more serious arrhythmias.
Direction-sensitive graphene flow sensor
Authors: Kaźmierczak P. , Binder J. , Boryczko K. , Ciuk T. , Strupiński W. , Stępniewski R. , Wysmołek A.
Published: December 2023

Graphene flow sensors not only hold great prospects for applications but also encounter many difficulties, such as unwanted electrochemical phenomena, low measurable signal, and limited dependence on the flow direction. This study proposes an approach allowing for the detection of a flow direction-dependent electric signal in aqueous solutions of salts, acids, and bases. The key element in the proposed solution is the use of a reference electrode which allows external gating of the graphene structure. Using external gating enables to enhance substantially the amplitude of the flow-generated signal. Simultaneous measurement of the reference electrode current allows us to recover a flow-direction-sensitive component of the flow-induced voltage in graphene. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the Coulomb interaction and other phenomena, which can be present at the interface of graphene with the aqueous solution.
Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction
Authors: Wang Eric , Andrade Melisa J. , Smith Quinton
Published: December 2023

The development of physiologically relevant in vitro systems for simulating disease onset and progression and predicting drug metabolism holds tremendous value in reducing drug discovery time and cost. However, many of these platforms lack accuracy in replicating the tissue architecture and multicellular interactions. By leveraging three-dimensional cell culture, biomimetic soft hydrogels, and engineered stimuli, in vitro models have continued to progress. Nonetheless, the incorporation of the microvasculature has been met with many challenges, specifically with the addition of parenchymal cell types. Here, a systematic approach to investigating the initial seeding density of endothelial cells and its effects on interconnected networks was taken and combined with hepatic spheroids to form a liver-on-a-chip model. Leveraging this system, nicotine's effects on microvasculature and hepatic function were investigated. The findings indicated that nicotine led to interrupted adherens junctions, decreased guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 expression, impaired angiogenesis, and lowered barrier function, all key factors in endothelial dysfunction. With the combination of the optimized microvascular networks, a vascularized liver-on-a-chip was formed, providing functional xenobiotic metabolism and synthesis of both albumin and urea. This system provides insight into potential hepatotoxicity caused by various drugs and allows for assessing vascular dysfunction in a high throughput manner.
Formation of helical spin alignment in the AFM/FM/AFM trilayers by spin–orbit torque controlled exchange bias
Authors: Choi Won-Chang , Yoon Seongsoo , Kim Hyun-Joong , Ha Jae-Hyun , Park Kwon-Jin , Baek Eunchong , Kim Dong-Ryul , Shin Yooleemi , You Chun-Yeol , Kim Ji-Wan , Hong Jung-Il
Published: December 2023

Non-collinear spin structures can exhibit unusual magnetic properties that cannot be expected in an ordinary collinear ferromagnet (FM) due to the chiral alignment of magnetic moments, offering new opportunities for applications in the field of spintronics. In the present study, we demonstrate that exchange bias pinning can be applied to a single FM layer in two different directions simultaneously, resulting in modified magnetic behaviors due to the formation of non-collinear helical spin structures in the multilayers of Co0.7Ni0.3O (antiferromagnet, AFM)/Co0.7Ni0.3 (FM)/Co0.7Ni0.3O (AFM)/Pt (heavy metal, HM). The pinning of spins at one interface between FM and AFM/HM was controlled by spin Hall current originating from the electrical current through the HM layer at room temperature, while the spins at the other interface between FM and AFM were pinned in a fixed direction, hence allowing for the formation of a helical spin structure along the FM layer thickness with controllable chirality at room temperature. Modified magnetic behaviors of a helical spin structure were confirmed from measurements of magnetic hysteresis and magnetoresistance, as well as direct observation of magnetic domains.
Dynamics of Janus vesicles passing through a narrow pore
Authors: Li Biaoheng , Han Yunlong , Li Jiaxiang , Shi Tongfei
Published: December 2023

Janus vesicles have garnered significant attention due to their versatility and potential applications. Investigating the perforation dynamics of Janus vesicles represents a fundamental physical inquiry in this distinctive structure and helps to understand their promising applications in drug delivery, biomedicine, and others. However, the perforation kinetic behavior of Janus vesicles has yet to be elaborated. Here, we employ the finite element method to explore the dynamics of Janus vesicles passing through a narrow pore in a microchannel. Results demonstrate that Janus vesicles, characterized by their asymmetric membrane structure, have a non-negligible effect on vesicle deformation while crossing the pore. Specifically, the Janus property strengthens membrane deformation on the low modulus side while weakening it on the high modulus side. Additionally, Janus vesicles exhibit an increased perforation speed. Results further determine that the non-axially positioned Janus vesicles experience a bigger rotation angle than uniform modulus vesicles by constructing the rotation angle θ. This research provides valuable insight into the movement and deformation of Janus vesicles during their passage through a pore, which can guide optimization and design of Janus vesicles for drug carriers, catalysis, and more.
Metallic hydrogen: Study of metastability
Authors: Ferreira W. C. , Møller M. , Linsuain K. , Song J. , Salamat A. , Dias R. , Silvera I. F.
Published: December 2023

Metallic hydrogen (MH) has been predicted to be metastable, a high temperature superconductor, and a powerful rocket propellant. If true, MH could have an enormous impact on society. We have produced MH in a diamond anvil cell and studied its metastability. At a temperature of 5 K, the load on the metallic hydrogen was stepwise reduced until the pressure was essentially zero. While turning the load or pressure down, the sample evidently transformed to the molecular phase and escaped; the hole in the gasket containing the MH closed. We were unable to determine this value of the metastability pressure. Metallic hydrogen was not observed to be metastable at zero pressure, with no uncertainty.
Multiplex fluorescence detection of single-cell droplet microfluidics and its application in quantifying protein expression levels
Authors: Yang Guang , Gao Chiyuan , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Huo Xiaoye , Chen Jian
Published: December 2023

This study presented a platform of multiplex fluorescence detection of single-cell droplet microfluidics with demonstrative applications in quantifying protein expression levels. The platform of multiplex fluorescence detection mainly included optical paths adopted from conventional microscopy enabling the generation of three optical spots from three laser sources for multiple fluorescence excitation and capture of multiple fluorescence signals by four photomultiplier tubes. As to platform characterization, microscopic images of three optical spots were obtained where clear Gaussian distributions of intensities without skewness confirmed the functionality of the scanning lens, while the controllable distances among three optical spots validated the functionality of fiber collimators and the reflector lens. As to demonstration, this platform was used to quantify single-cell protein expression within droplets where four-type protein expression of α-tubulin, Ras, c-Myc, and β-tubulin of CAL 27 (Ncell = 1921) vs WSU-HN6 (Ncell = 1881) were quantitatively estimated, which were (2.85 ± 0.72) × 105 vs (4.83 ± 1.58) × 105, (3.69 ± 1.41) × 104 vs (5.07 ± 2.13) × 104, (5.90 ± 1.45) × 104 vs (9.57 ± 2.85) × 104, and (3.84 ± 1.28) × 105 vs (3.30 ± 1.10) × 105, respectively. Neural pattern recognition was utilized for the classification of cell types, achieving successful rates of 69.0% (α-tubulin), 75.4% (Ras), 89.1% (c-Myc), 65.8% (β-tubulin), and 99.1% in combination, validating the capability of this platform of multiplex fluorescence detection to quantify various types of single-cell proteins, which could provide comprehensive evaluations on cell status.
Photoluminescence of bulk
α
-In2Se3 crystals irradiated by high-energy electrons
Authors: Lobanov A. D. , Sulimov M. A. , Radzivonchik D. I. , Sarychev M. N. , Ivanov V. Yu. , Kuznetsova T. V.
Published: December 2023

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of bulk α-In2Se3 crystals before and after 10 MeV electrons irradiation with the 1015 and 1017 cm−2 fluences were studied in the temperature range from 7 to 340 K. Three main types of radiative recombinations corresponding to band-to-tail (BT), deep defects, and band-to-band (BB) recombination were manifested in the non-irradiated α-In2Se3 crystals. Also recombinations that can be associated with exciton recombinations at temperatures below 45 K are observed. After electron irradiation, noticeable changes in the PL spectra are observed. We detected a slight increase in activation energy of the BT recombination. An increase in the concentration of deep defects is also noted. The significant decrease in PL intensity of the BB recombinations indicates the formation of non-radiative recombination centers after electron irradiation with the 1017 cm−2 fluence. Our study may be useful for understanding the effects of high-energy electrons irradiation on the performance of electronic and photovoltaic devices based on α-In2Se3.
Addressing the constraints of turbulence-free ghost imaging using photon number fluctuation correlations in the time domain
Authors: Duan Deyang , Gao Qiang , Xia Yunjie
Published: December 2023

Turbulence-free ghost imaging is a promising solution for the degraded image caused by atmospheric turbulence. However, turbulence-free ghost imaging requires two harsh conditions. To solve this problem, the temporal statistical property of the photon number fluctuations introduced by space-time fluctuating atmospheric turbulence is investigated. We find that the photons collected by the detectors is a superposition of the fluctuating photons introduced by space-time fluctuating atmospheric turbulence and the nonfluctuating photons with probabilities inversely proportional to the beam diameter. The fluctuating photons, which cause image degradation, lead to the absence of stable temporal photon number correlations, while the nonfluctuating photons have the opposite effect. Thus, fluctuating photons are eliminated by measuring the temporal correlations of the signal light and reference light separately. The results show that turbulence-free ghost images can be reconstructed even if the typical conditions are not met. This work does not negate the results of Meyers et al. and provides a method to address the harsh constraints of turbulence-free ghost imaging.
How cognitive selection affects language change
Authors: Li Ying , Breithaupt Fritz , Hills Thomas , Lin Ziyong , Chen Yanyan , Siew Cynthia S. Q. , Hertwig Ralph
Published: December 2023

Like biological species, words in language must compete to survive. Previously, it has been shown that language changes in response to cognitive constraints and over time becomes more learnable. Here, we use two complementary research paradigms to demonstrate how the survival of existing word forms can be predicted by psycholinguistic properties that impact language production. In the first study, we analyzed the survival of words in the context of interpersonal communication. We analyzed data from a large-scale serial-reproduction experiment in which stories were passed down along a transmission chain over multiple participants. The results show that words that are acquired earlier in life, more concrete, more arousing, and more emotional are more likely to survive retellings. We reason that the same trend might scale up to language evolution over multiple generations of natural language users. If that is the case, the same set of psycholinguistic properties should also account for the change of word frequency in natural language corpora over historical time. That is what we found in two large historical-language corpora (Study 2): Early acquisition, concreteness, and high arousal all predict increasing word frequency over the past 200 y. However, the two studies diverge with respect to the impact of word valence and word length, which we take up in the discussion. By bridging micro-level behavioral preferences and macro-level language patterns, our investigation sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying word competition.
Individuals who see the good in the bad engage distinctive default network coordination during post-encoding rest
Authors: Iyer Siddhant , Collier Eleanor , Broom Timothy W. , Finn Emily S. , Meyer Meghan L.
Published: December 2023

Focusing on the upside of negative events often promotes resilience. Yet, the underlying mechanisms that allow some people to spontaneously see the good in the bad remain unclear. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion has long suggested that positive affect, including positivity in the face of negative events, is linked to idiosyncratic thought patterns (i.e., atypical cognitive responses). Yet, evidence in support of this view has been limited, in part, due to difficulty in measuring idiosyncratic cognitive processes as they unfold. To overcome this barrier, we applied Inter-Subject Representational Similarity Analysis to test whether and how idiosyncratic neural responding supports positive reactions to negative experience. We found that idiosyncratic functional connectivity patterns in the brain’s default network while resting after a negative experience predicts more positive descriptions of the event. This effect persisted when controlling for connectivity 1) before and during the negative experience, 2) before, during, and after a neutral experience, and 3) between other relevant brain regions (i.e., the limbic system). The relationship between idiosyncratic default network responding and positive affect was largely driven by functional connectivity patterns between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the rest of the default network and occurred relatively quickly during rest. We identified post-encoding rest as a key moment and the default network as a key brain system in which idiosyncratic responses correspond with seeing the good in the bad.
Age-dependent extinction and the neutral theory of biodiversity
Authors: Saulsbury James G. , Parins-Fukuchi C. Tomomi , Wilson Connor J. , Reitan Trond , Liow Lee Hsiang
Published: December 2023

Red Queen (RQ) theory states that adaptation does not protect species from extinction because their competitors are continually adapting alongside them. RQ was founded on the apparent independence of extinction risk and fossil taxon age, but analytical developments have since demonstrated that age-dependent extinction is widespread, usually most intense among young species. Here, we develop ecological neutral theory as a general framework for modeling fossil species survivorship under incomplete sampling. We show that it provides an excellent fit to a high-resolution dataset of species durations for Paleozoic zooplankton and more broadly can account for age-dependent extinction seen throughout the fossil record. Unlike widely used alternative models, the neutral model has parameters with biological meaning, thereby generating testable hypotheses on changes in ancient ecosystems. The success of this approach suggests reinterpretations of mass extinctions and of scaling in eco-evolutionary systems. Intense extinction among young species does not necessarily refute RQ or require a special explanation but can instead be parsimoniously explained by neutral dynamics operating across species regardless of age.
Losers of representation: Gains and losses of globalisation as seen by workers in internationalised companies in the Netherlands
Authors: Hurenkamp Menno , Dekker Paul , Tonkens Evelien
Published: December 2023

Dichotomisation between winners and losers is a prominent element of the debate on globalisation, with ordinary workers often considered losers. However, little is known about what workers make of globalisation, how they experience the phenomenon, and how they talk about it. We use a set of focus groups to explore meaning-making on the globalisation of the economy among lower-educated employees of Dutch internationalised firms. We find that they weigh up the pros and cons and proudly struggle with the consequences of globalisation. To the degree that they feel left behind, it is by politics and government. This suggests that dislike of globalisation is the result of negative experiences with politics, rather than the other way around.
Imidazole ionic liquids-based ultra-broadband metamaterial absorbers from cross-architecture design
Authors: Guan Yongji , Li Xiaoxiang , Zou Jiahong , Fan Jiajun , Yang Fulong , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: December 2023

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) characterized by high dielectric loss factors and conductivity emerge as promising candidates for liquid-based metamaterial absorbers (LMMAs). In this work, the IL 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide was employed to construct an IL-based LMMA, leveraging a cross-architecture (C-A) design paradigm. Numerical analyses reveal that the C-A ILMMA achieves an absorption efficiency exceeding 90% within the frequency range of 7.5–57.8 GHz, translating to a relative absorption bandwidth of 153%. Moreover, the symmetrical configuration of the C-A ILMMA ensures its robust performance across a comprehensive range of polarization angles (0° to 90°), thereby underscoring its polarization insensitivity. Even with an increased incident angle of 60°, the C-A ILMMA sustains an absorption rate above 85% within the frequency intervals of 9.0–13.3 GHz and 24.7–60.0 GHz, highlighting its broad incident angle absorption capability. Owing to the superior thermal stability of the IL, the C-A ILMMA consistently maintains an absorption rate of over 90% across a temperature gradient from 20 °C to 100 °C. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the optimal absorption of the C-A ILMMA predominantly stems from dielectric polarization loss and the ionic current induced within the ILs. Subsequent experimental evaluations corroborate that the C-A ILMMA exhibits an absorptivity in excess of 90% over an ultra-broadband frequency spanning 10–40 GHz, aligning closely with numerical predictions. This IL-based C-A ILMMA not only augments the absorption bandwidth substantially but also enhances the adaptability of ILMMA in more rigorous environments, attributed to the commendable physicochemical properties of ILs.
Effect of the energy band bending on surface by Cu-poor layer of Cu(In, Ga)Se2-related photoelectrode for water splitting
Authors: Ueda Kana , Sugiyama Mutsumi
Published: December 2023

To achieve the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting, the modulating of the valence band maximum (VBM) grading on the surface of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photoelectrodes via the deposition of additional In and Se (forming Cu-poor-CIGS layer) following CIGS growth was investigated. The resulting downshift of the Fermi level was likely to occur around the surface of the CIGS films for modulating the VBM grading, increasing the onset potential of the CIGS-related photoelectrodes. Moreover, a hole-blocking layer was obtained via modulated VBM grading of the CIGS-related photoelectrode, which increased the photocurrent density of the CIGS-related photoelectrode. Subsequently, a Cu-poor-CIGS/CIGS interface was formed for modulating the VBM grading using Cu-poor-CIGS, which contributed to increasing the photocurrent density owing to the enhancement of charge separation by the depletion layer in the Cu-poor-CIGS/CIGS interface. This study shows that water splitting can be effectively improved by modulating the VBM grading on the surface of CIGS-related photoelectrodes.
Large-area polycrystalline α-MoO3 thin films for IR photonics
Authors: Larciprete Maria Cristina , Ceneda Daniele , Yang Chiyu , Dereshgi Sina Abedini , Lupo Federico Vittorio , Casaletto Maria Pia , Macaluso Roberto , Antezza Mauro , Zhang Zhuomin M , Centini Marco , Aydin Koray
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the excitation of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in van der Waals materials received wide attention from the nanophotonics community. Alpha-phase Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), a naturally occurring biaxial hyperbolic crystal, emerged as a promising polaritonic material due to its ability to support SPhPs for three orthogonal directions at different wavelength bands (range 10–20 μm). Here, we report on the fabrication, structural, morphological, and optical IR characterization of large-area (over 1 cm2 size) α-MoO3 polycrystalline film deposited on fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Due to the random grain distribution, the thin film does not display any optical anisotropy at normal incidence. However, the proposed fabrication method allows us to achieve a single α-phase, preserving the typical strong dispersion related to the phononic response of α-MoO3 flakes. Remarkable spectral properties of interest for IR photonics applications are reported. For instance, a polarization-tunable reflection peak at 1006 cm−1 with a dynamic range of ΔR = 0.3 and a resonance Q-factor as high as 53 is observed at 45° angle of incidence. Additionally, we report the fulfillment of an impedance matching condition with the SiO2 substrate leading to a polarization-independent almost perfect absorption condition (R < 0.01) at 972 cm−1 which is maintained for a broad angle of incidence. In this framework our findings appear extremely promising for the further development of mid-IR lithography-free, scalable films, for efficient and large-scale sensors, filters, thermal emitters, and label-free biochemical sensing devices operating in the free space, using far-field detection setups.
Study of the fault diagnosis method for gas turbine sensors based on inter-parameter coupling information
Authors: Wang Yuzhang , Cheng Kanru , Liu Fan , Li Jiao , Zhang Kunyu
Published: December 2023

Correct and reliable measurement data are crucial for state monitoring, safe operations, health assessment, and life prediction of integrated energy systems (IESs). Sensors are often installed in harsh environments and prone to all kinds of faults; therefore, it is necessary to diagnose sensor faults. A diagnostic method for sensor faults based on gradient histogram distribution (GHD) combined with light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) is presented in this paper. This proposed method effectively utilizes the coupling information between the relevant parameters. The GHD efficiently extracted the time-domain characteristics of sensor faults and reduced the dimension of eigenvectors. This is beneficial to increasing the diagnostic speed. The kernel density estimation distributions of the gradient and eigenvectors for the sensor with strong correlation are similar, but that for the sensor with weak correlation are completely different. A LightGBM classifier trained based on the feature vectors was utilized to diagnose and classify the sensor faults. The diagnosis accuracy and the diagnosis time of this developed method were examined using the multiple-condition practical operation data of gas turbines in the IES. The experiment results demonstrate that the diagnostic accuracy of five sensor faults using this developed method is all above 90%. The diagnostic time is about 0.47–1.34 s, and is less than 2 s for the gradual faults.
A domain adaptation network with feature scale preservation for remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings under variable operating conditions
Authors: She Daoming , Wang Hu , Zhang Hongfei , Chen Jin
Published: December 2023

Transfer learning and domain adaptation (DA) methods have been utilized in bearing prognostic and health management, but most of the current DA methods do not take into account the feature scale change of degraded features when aligning the feature distribution, and these methods are more suitable for the classification problem, which is more robust to the feature scale change. However, they perform poorly in regression problems. In addition, most of the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction methods require preprocessing such as statistical feature extraction on the signal, which makes the prediction process complicated. To solve the above problems, a DA method based on the representation subspace distance (RSD) is proposed for predicting the bearing RUL under different operating conditions. First, the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) self-attention (SA) long short term memory network model is utilized to extract the deep features from the original signal, which overcomes the limitations of the CNN in extracting time series. Then, the RSD in the Riemannian geometry of the Grassmann manifold is proposed as a domain transfer loss to learn domain invariant features. The modified method can align the feature distribution of the source domain and the target domain without changing the feature scale. At the same time, the bases mismatch penalization is introduced to avoid destroying the semantic information of the features in the process of domain alignment. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments on four types of transfer tasks, and its superiority is also demonstrated by comparison with other advanced methods.
Sonar image intelligent processing in seabed pipeline detection: review and application
Authors: Shi Bo , Cao Tianyu , Ge Qiqi , Lin Yuan , Wang Zitao
Published: December 2023

Subsea pipelines rely primarily on imaging sonar for detection and identification. We analyze the imaging principles of side scan sonar, multi-beam sonar, synthetic aperture sonar, seafloor penetrating sonar and forward-looking sonar. We discuss their effectiveness in detecting seabed pipelines, as well as their limitations in image recognition capabilities. As intelligent algorithms have become increasingly important in the field of image processing, we review the sonar image intelligent detection and recognition algorithms in the past six years and summarize the internal principles and application effects of classic algorithms such as Scale-Invariant Feature Transform, K-means algorithm, and constant false-alarm rate that currently show good application prospects. Simultaneously, we review the particular strengths exhibited by these algorithms, such as contour feature extraction, image segmentation and clustering, target recognition under background noise, etc. The research on intelligent processing of sonar images opens up a new way to solve the difficult problem of the seabed targets detection and recognition.
New characteristic parameter of energy loss in permalloy
Authors: Li Tong , Yang Dezheng , Jin Xiaowei , Xi Li , Xue Desheng
Published: December 2023

Characteristic parameters of energy storage and loss in soft magnetic materials (SMMs), product S of initial susceptibility

χ

i

and resonance frequency

ω

r

and product L of maximum

χ

m

′
′

and half width

Δ
ω

of imaginary part, were introduced in permalloy films. Expressions of characteristic parameters were derived from Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation with a general anisotropic free energy model. It was found S = L equals to intrinsic quantity of SMMs

Q

≡
γ

M

s

1
+

H
⊥

/

H
∥

, where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio,

M

s

is the saturation magnetization, and

H
⊥

and

H
∥

are mutually orthogonal effective magnetic fields. In the presence of eddy current, it was found S remains equal to Q while L < Q results from inhomogeneity of microwave magnetic field caused by eddy current. Moreover, a linear scale of

L

/

S

versus Gilbert damping factor α was found in permalloy films with different thicknesses. Hence, our findings provide a new perspective on energy storage and loss of SMMs.
Analyzing the corrosion and tribocorrosion performances of monolayer TiO2 and bilayer TiO2-SiO2 coatings at different SBF temperatures
Authors: Acar M T
Published: December 2023

In this study, monolayer TiO2 coating was formed by the anodization method and bilayer TiO2-SiO2 coating was formed by the spin-coating method on commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) samples. The aim of this work compare the effects of monolayer and bilayer coatings at 37 °C and 60 °C in simulated body fluid (SBF) on the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors of Cp-Ti material. XRD and SEM were used for structural characterization of the coatings. Afterward, the adhesion strength of monolayer and bilayer coatings was investigated. The bilayer film began to separate from the Cp-Ti surface at higher forces, which was associated with energy dissipation between the layers, increased load-carrying capacity, and increased surface hardness. The best resistance was achieved from the bilayer film in tribocorrosion experiment at both 37 °C and 60 °C SBF temperatures; the result was attributed to higher surface hardness and film thickness. Consequently, untreated, monolayer, and bilayer Cp-Ti samples were tested for adhesion strength, corrosion, and tribocorrosion and bilayer samples exhibited the highest performance.
Tunable pure spin current realized by photogalvanic effect in triangulene dimer based nano-devices
Authors: Dong Yaojun , Tao Xixi , Wu Yinzhong , Wang Lihua , Wang Xuefeng , Yang Xifeng , Liu Yushen
Published: December 2023

The unique magnetic properties of triangulene and its homologues have generated a great deal of interest in recent years. Triangulene dimers, with their magnetic ground states and the detection of singlet-triplet spin excitations, have been synthesized on-surface by Mishra, and shown to be suitable for spintronics applications. In our study, we use first-principles calculations to investigate the photogalvanic effect (PGE) of triangulene dimers based nano-devices. The devices are constructed by two graphene nanoribbon electrodes and a triangulene dimer molecule connected by carbon chains, which has a spatial inversion symmetry. We find that when light irradiation is applied to the device, there are both spin-up and spin-down current induced with the same magnitude and opposite flowing directions. In this case, there is no accompanying charge current, but a finite pure spin current arises. Furthermore, we find that the currents generated by PGE can be tuned by impurity states. When nitrogen atoms are doped into the triangulene dimer molecule, we observe the emergence of impurity states, which supply other electron transition modes and result in a photo-current under different photon energy. Our findings provide a useful insight into the real application of tunable photoelectric carbon-based nano-devices. The PGE properties of triangulene dimers can be applied in the development of efficient spintronics devices.
Evaluation of indicators of railway-induced annoying vibration based on building measurements developed by TOD: a discussion
Authors: Zhang Peijie , Zhang Hougui , Liu Yongqiang , Liao Yingying , Wu Qiong , Liu Jie
Published: December 2023

The main negative impact of the residential buildings located on the cover structure of a Transit Oriented Development (TOD) metro depot is that residents would suffer from the train-induced annoying vibrations. Arguments accordingly arose on the possibility of evaluating indicators controversy for this application that acceleration data was more captured in the past while velocity would be more related to structure born noise. Therefore, this paper provided a relative comparison based on a measurement campaign that both velocity and acceleration sensors were installed together at the same time. The collected vibration accelerations and velocities are analyzed and discussed using the methods of transmission loss, coherence, and time and frequency domain analysis. The results indicated that even there was no difference for identifying the resonance frequency of structure, but the transit mobility and human annoyance evaluation were obviously different by using velocity or acceleration. Attempts to establish a relationship between the two indicators using the calculus method failed because they showed the largest error at the peak frequency at the same vibration level, which would have affected the evaluation results and the judgment on the choice of mitigation measures.