bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Improvement in Respiratory Function after Hemodialysis Correlate with Ultrafiltration Volume?
Authors: Shakireen Najmush , Amir Muhammad , Arshad Abdul Rehman , Abideen Zain ul , Ullah Sobia Zaheer , Ihtesham Rabeea
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of mechanical ultrafiltration on improvement in respiratory functions among patients of end-stage renal disease dependent on hemodialysis.
Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dialysis Unit, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, from Sep to Nov 2021
Methodology: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis for at least three months were included. Patients with altered mental status and gross rheumatological abnormalities and unwilling patients were excluded. Spirometry was done before and after mid-week dialysis sessions thrice at two minutes intervals and the best values recorded. Different spirometry parameters before and after dialysis session were compared. The relationship of changes in these parameters with ultrafiltration volumes was also examined.
Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled of which 36(72%) were females and 14(28%) were males. The mean age was 48.76±11.72 years. Low and high ultrafiltration groups included 26 and 24 patients, respectively. The median ultrafiltration volume was 1.5(1.00-2.80) liters. The majority of the patients showed restrictive pattern. The mean FEV1 percentage was 48.87±17.35 and 57.94±75.34 before and after hemodialysis respectively (p=0.387). The mean FVC percentage was 50.62±19.28 and 46.04±18.73 before and after the hemodialysis respectively (p=0.056). FEV1/FVC percentage was significantly different before and after hemodialysis i.e.106.7±24.0 and 113.30±16.94, respectively (p=0.014).
Conclusion: Lung parameters improved slightly in patients after dialysis. However, ultrafiltration volume did not have significant change on any of the measured parameters.
Efficacy of I-131 MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy for the Differentiation Between Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Hussain Mehmood , Hussain Fida , Malik Asad , Khan Malik Nadeem Azam , Saleem Zaigham , Rehman Maryam
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess efficacy of I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy for differentiation between Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.
Study Design: Validation Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2019 to Jan 2022.
Methodology: Undiagnosed patients with motor and autonomic symptoms of Parkinsonism were enrolled. I-131 Meta-iodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy was performed and subjects were diagnosed as per early (15 min) and late (4h) heart/mediastinum ratios with washout ratio. At the same time, patients were reviewed for clinical diagnosis using clinical criteria, radiological studies and followed up for 2 years or till definitive clinical diagnosis was formed. Sensitivity and Specifi-city of I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy was calculated.
Results: Out of 79 patients, 48 were diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease, 15 with Multiple System Atrophy and 16 fell in criteria for other diseases. Early heart/mediastinum, Late heart/mediastinum and washout ratio in Parkinson’s group was 1.53±0.19, 1.39±0.18 and 37.20±17.91, in Multiple System Atrophy was 2.02±0.10, 2.00±0.11 and 11.35±9.46 and in others was 2.36±0.18, 2.41±0.18 and 0.40±22.49 respectively. This revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.67% and 76.67% for Parkinson’s Disease and 66.67% and 92.19% for Multiple System Atrophy respectively.
Conclusion: I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine can be used to help in differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism with autonomic features, with good sensitivity and specificity.
Albumin and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin based Testosterone Indices in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Khan Sikandar Hayat , Urooj Uzma , Quereshi Zeeshan Ali , Sarwar Urwa , Shahid Rahat , Noor Chaudhry Qamar Ul Haq
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate total testosterone, “Free Androgen Index”, calculated free testosterone, % free testosterone, calculated bioavailable testosterone, and % testosterone as a possible biomarker to predict presence of Polycystic ovarian syndrome as per Rotterdam criteria.
Study Design:  Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Jul 2020.
Methodology: A total of 328 female subjects were included in the study, which included 166 subjects with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 162 without polycystic ovarian syndrome as per Rotterdam criteria. Various albumin and sex hormone binding globulin-based androgen measures, including calculated free testosterone and calculated bioavailable testosterone, and only the included measure Free Androgen Index were calculated. These various measures were evaluated between polycystic ovarian syndrome and non-polycystic ovarian syndrome. Following that, receiver operating curve analysis was carried out to see area under curve for various androgen excess parameters to measure the diagnostic performance of each measure for diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Results: Almost all androgen excess measures demonstrated significant differences between subjects with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Area under curve as measured by receiver operator curve analysis shows highest area under curve for as: Bioavailable testosterone =0.792[95% CI: 0.743-0.842], Free testosterone =0.791[95% CI: 0.743-0.842], Free Androgen Index =0.782[95% CI: 0.731-0.833], Total testosterone =0.748[95% CI: 0.696-0.800], %Bioavailable testosterone =0.675[95% CI: 0.619-0.734], % Free testosterone =0.671[95% CI: 0.612-0.729], and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin =0.337[95% CI: 0.0.78-395].
Conclusion: Free testosterone followed by Bioavailable testosterone and Free Androgen Index, have demonstrated higher Area Under Curve ....
Premedication with Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam for Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Khan M. Umair , Yasin Bilal , Saeed Muhammad , Tariq Waqas , Fazal Fazal Hussain
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the effects of premedication with Dexmedetomidine vs. Midazolam to prevent the emergence of delirium in children operated at our hospital.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Department, Combined Military Hospital, Okara Pakistan, from Apr 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: Children who operated in the main operation theatre of our hospital without any complications during the study period were recruited for this comparison of two medications to prevent the emergence of delirium. Study participants were allocated to two groups: Group-A received premedication with Dexmedetomidine, and Group-B received Midazolam in standard doses. An independent assessor assessed post-operative delirium using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale.
Results: A total of 130 children were included in the study, and they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean age of the children in the study was 5.66±3.55 years. 80(61.5%) patients were male, while 50(38.5%) were female. 29(22.3%) children showed the presence of emergence delirium, while 101(77.7%) did not show the presence of emergence delirium on the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale. It was revealed that children in Group-A had significantly fewer chances of having emergency delirium as compared to children in Group-B (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Emergence delirium was not uncommon in children undergoing surgeries under general anaesthesia at our unit. Children in which Dexmedetomidine was used as a premedication agent had less chance of having emergency delirium as compared to those who were pre-medicated with Midazolam.
Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients undergoing Emergency Intracranial Endovascular Therapy for Acute Stroke
Authors: Nofal Sabih , Shiraz Atif , Liaquat Jahanzeb , Akhtar Sohail , Abbas Ghulam , Slehriya Atiq Ur Rehman
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the outcomes of concurrent carotid artery stenting in patients undergoing emergency intravascular management for acute stroke.
Study Design: Case Series Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Interventional Radiology, Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2020 to Mar 2021.
Methodology: The study involved recruitment of patients undergoing emergency intracranial vascular intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke, with concurrent ipsilateral carotid stenosis. Thrombus aspiration from the intracranial vessels was done with help of SOFIA Catheter. Following the confirmation of successful cerebral revascularization, the carotid lesion was stented using an appropriately sized stent. All patients were closely monitored for one year to assess any morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Results: A total of 11 patients were included in this study out of which 8(72.7%) were male and 3(27.3%) were female.        Mean age was 63.73+10.56 years. Hypertension was the most common co-morbid disease, 9(81.8%). The stenosis ranged from 58 - 94%. The residual stenosis after stenting was 11 – 40 %. Per-operatively, 2 patients (18.2%) had Cerebral Hyperperfusion and 1 (9.1%) had asymptomatic stent thrombosis. In terms of complications, there were a total of three (27.3%) CVA events in the study population at 1 years follow up. Two patients recovered and there was 1(9.1%) mortality.
Conclusions: The initial experience in management of tandem stenosis of the carotid artery by stenting while performing thrombectomy of ipsilateral ischemic stroke has shown encouraging results.
Outcomes of Onlay Versus Sublay Mesh Hernioplasty for Ventral Abdominal Hernias
Authors: Saleem Saadan , Naqvi Syeda Rifaat Qamar , Luqman Aimen , Razzaque Hasnain , Khan Mahlail Hassan , Haq Qazi Tafheem Ul
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare surgical outcomes of Onlay versus Sublay technique of mesh hernioplasty among patients with ventral abdominal hernia.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2021 to Mar 2022.
Methodology: A total of 78 patients were selected, using convenience sampling, with reducible incisional, paraumbilical, supraumbilical or epigastric hernia, with a hernial defect measuring ≥2 cm. All preoperative parameters were recorded, and postoperative outcomes were monitored on follow-up at 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months. Data was analyzed for statistical significance with p-value ≤0.05 being considered significant.
Results: Open Onlay repair was performed on 41(52.6%) patients whereas the remaining 37(47.4%) cases had open Sublay mesh hernioplasty. The commonest ventral hernia types were paraumbilical 43(55.1%) and incisional 28(35.9%). Sublay procedure lasted for a significantly longer duration (p<0.001) but wound infections (OR: 1.67) and seromas (OR: 1.50) were slightly more frequent among the Onlay repair group (p=0.372 and p=0.521 respectively) whereas postoperative pain and wound dehiscence showed a similar rate of occurrence. Recurrence was more common after Sublay repair (14, 38%) as compared to Onlay 10(24.4%).
Conclusion: The comparison between Onlay and Sublay mesh hernioplasty showed comparable surgical outcomes, with each technique presenting distinct advantages. While Sublay procedures took longer and had higher recurrence rates, they showed slightly lower wound complications. The choice of technique should be individualized based on patient factors and surgeon expertise.
Efficacy of 5% Minoxidil Versus Platelet Rich Plasma in Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Goraya Saman Iqbal , Aamir Safoora , Jabeen Bajwa Beenish , Rahat Beenish , Afzal Tassmia , Naseem Riffat
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the efficacy of 5% Minoxidil versus Platelet Rich Plasma in treatment of alopecia areata.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from Apr to Sep 2022.
Methodology: A total of 122 patients with alopecia areata, aged between 18-40 years and belonging to both genders, were enrolled after taking written, informed consent and were randomly and equally divided between two groups, of which, group A, received 5% Minoxidil, while group B, received intralesional Platelet Rich Plasma. Efficacy was assessed over 12 weeks in terms of improvement in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score.
Results: The mean age of the patients in group A was 25.1±6.1 years while in group B, it was 26.3±5.0 years. The mean SALT score at baseline was 74.3±7.8 versus 73.0±6.8 (p=0.311), while the mean SALT score at 12 weeks was 37.3±9.6 versus 33.6±8.7 (p=0.029) respectively. Comparison of efficacy of Minoxidil versus Platelet Rich Plasma revealed that Minoxidil was effective in 33 patients (54.1%), whereas, Platelet Rich Plasma was effective in 46 patients (75.4%), with this difference being statistically significant (p-value ≤0.05).
Conclusion: Platelet Rich Plasma was significantly more effective than Minoxidil in the treatment of patients presenting with alopecia areata.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Strain Sonoelastography in Differentiating Between Endometrial Hyperplasia versus Carcinoma Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Rauf Abu Bakar , Masood Mah Jabeen , Ahmed Awais , Mansoor Ali , Asghar Aisha , Arooj Sadaf
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal strain sonelastography in being able to differentiate between endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from Jul 2019 to May 2021.
Methodology: We enrolled 113 patients in our study, after obtaining informed consent. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed by the researcher, and endometrial echo complex thickness was taken, excluding any fluid present in endometrial cavity while strain elastography was also performed. During elastography, repetitive mild compressions and decompressions were given, and measurements were taken at times when bar was green. ELX2/ELX1 readings were calculated and noted on a pre-designed data collection tool. Patients were referred to gynecologist for endometrial sampling after which histopathology reports were obtained, and results were recoded as either benign or malignant.
Results: Out of 113 patients, 82 were found to have benign endometrial pathologies with mean ELX2/ELX1 of 0.94±0.65 while 31 patients, with malignant endometrial carcinoma, had mean ELX2/ELX1 of 2.34±1.41. Transvaginal strain sonoelastography was found to have a sensitivity of 90.32%, specificity of 75.61%, positive predictive value of 58.33%, and negative predictive value of 95.35% with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 79.65% in being able to differentiate between benign and malignant endometrial pathologies.
Conclusion: Transvaginal strain sonoelastography was found to be a useful investigation for differentiation between endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in postmenopausal women and can be used as a complementary investigation to conventional transvaginal ultrasound.
Reconstruction of Upper Limb Long Bone Defects with Vascularized Free Fibula in Pediatric Population: A Review of the Functional Outcomes
Authors: Goher Maimoona , Rashid Mamoon , Ur Rehman Saad , Shabbir Farwa , Aslam Shahzaib , Kifayat Amna
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional outcomes in paediatric patients who underwent upper limb long bone reconstruction with vascularised free fibula.
Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study.
Place and Duration of study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Shifa international Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan from Jun 2015 to Jul 2020.
Methodology: All paediatric patients who underwent upper limb long bone defect reconstruction secondary to sarcoma resection were included in the study. Radiological and functional assessment was done pre and post operatively. Outcomes were assessed in terms of surgical wound dehiscence, flap loss, donor site morbidities and functional outcomes. Functional outcomes were evaluated using Musculoskeletal Tumor Scores for upper limb and pediatric Toronto Extremity Salvage Score for upper limb.
Results: Total of 14 paediatric patients were operated during 5-year period of June 2015-July 2020. Age of the patients ranges from 9 - 15(12.5) years. All the limbs were successfully salvaged with no flap loss and no significant donor site morbidity. Functional latissimus dorsi flap was done in 6 patients to achieve elbow flexion. Overall musculoskeletal tumor society Score was 82% and pediatric toronto exteremity salvage score mean was 82.43%.
Conclusion: Vascularised free fibula is a reliable and cost-effective option for bridging bone gaps in paediatric patients after sarcoma resection with optimal functional outcomes.
Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Saeed Hafiz Asad , Abbas Syed Waqar , Yasir Muhammad , Zareen Syeda Fatima , Hammad Muhammad , Usman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Objective: To study the frequency of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medicine Dept, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2022.
Methodology: Fifty-one patients between the ages of 30 to 65 years were enrolled, belonging to either gender, presenting to outdoor department, with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 1 year, on oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin, and no underlying hypertensive cardiac pathology or diastolic dysfunction. These patients were further analyzed using statistical software based on their 2D echocardiogram findings.
Results: Out of 51 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, there were more males 32(62.7%) as compared to females 19(37.3%), with mean age of 52.25±8.09 years. We observed that 21(41.2%) patients did not have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at the time of our study, but among these patients, 13(61.9%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 1-3 years while remaining 30(58.8%) patients had both type 2 diabetes mellitus and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with 13(25.5%) having grade-I, 10(19.6%) having grade-II and 7(13.7%) having grade-III categorization.
Conclusion: There was an increased risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus with longer duration of disease and higher HbA1c. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to be followed up for diabetic control and monitored for the presence of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with measures to be taken to prevent it.
Análisis de la educación sexual desde la percepción de las escolares en zonas rurales amazónicos
Authors: Chavez-Somoza Alicia , Vilchez-Salés Eduardo Paul
Published: January 2025

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la educación sexual desde la perspectiva de las estudiantes de secundaria de las escuelas rurales amazónicas. El estudio, de enfoque cualitativo y método fenomenológico hermenéutico, se realizó con una muestra de 10 exalumnas de estas instituciones, utilizando la técnica de entrevistas y una guía de preguntas previamente establecidas. Los resultados revelan una alarmante falta de información precisa sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, lo que ha llevado a un aumento de embarazos no planificados, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, y agresiones sexuales hacia las estudiantes. En conclusión, se evidenció una deficiente educación sexual integral, que ha limitado el empoderamiento de las mujeres y su comprensión sobre anticonceptivos y la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. También se observa la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres ante la violencia física y sexual, así como las dificultades en el acceso a servicios médicos especializados. Se plantea la urgencia de implementar programas integrales de educación sexual adaptados a contextos rurales. Asimismo, se enfatiza la necesidad de la participación activa de padres, comunidades, autoridades educativas y de salud para mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud y fortalecer el bienestar de las estudiantes.
Psicología, Educación y Filosofía: una correlación epistémica
Authors: Cruz Picón Pablo Emilio
Published: January 2025

La relación teórica y epistemológica entre psicología, filosofía y educación es interdisciplinaria y heterogénea. Si bien cada disciplina tiene su marco proyectivo, se intersecan e influyen en el proceso de conocimiento. Por tal razón, el objetivo del ensayo es reflexionar sobre la correlación cognoscitiva entre estas ramas del saber enmarcadas en el ámbito psicológico, filosófico y sociopedagógico, que resulta significativa para entender la condición sociohumana en el proceso pedagógico de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. La metodología es cualitativa, con carácter exploratorio y analítico-crítico, fundamentada en una revisión teórica sobre aspectos epistémicos del aprendizaje desde el estudio científico de la conducta, los procesos psíquicos, el conocimiento, la realidad circundante y la evolución socioeducativa en la sociedad. Entre los hallazgos teóricos se encuentra una posible correspondencia cognoscente entre psicología, filosofía y educación para concebir la complejidad del aprendizaje humano. Al reconocer el empalme teórico y sistemático de estas disciplinas, se pueden bosquejar prácticas educativas constructivistas que faciliten el entendimiento teórico de la naturaleza y los límites del conocimiento humano. Se concluye que la educación requiere resignificar el proceso pedagógico para orientarlo hacia un terreno donde se fomente la crítica, la reflexión y la emancipación. Estos tres elementos (criticidad, reflexividad y autonomía) son posibles gracias a la simbiosis relacional, teórica y pragmática entre la psicología, la filosofía y la educación.
Cómo construir el enunciado de la investigación científica
Authors: Tumbalobos Huamaní Víctor Raúl
Published: January 2025

El propósito de este artículo de reflexión es orientar, metodológicamente, cómo se debe construir y expresar lingüísticamente el enunciado de la investigación científica. Para expresarlo, ya sea en forma oral o escrita, se debe elegir la técnica más eficaz puesto que se trata de manifestar, en síntesis, todo un conjunto de informaciones imprescindibles y no necesariamente lo conveniente. Para mejor expresión del enunciado es recomendable elegir una sola técnica, en este caso se recomienda un algoritmo sintáctico de tal modo que permita expresar en síntesis los elementos imprescindibles de un enunciado investigativo, el mismo que se estructura conforme la lógica de la coherencia y cohesión textual, conformada por los siguientes componentes: propósito de investigación más línea de investigación más población de estudio; complementariamente, el contexto espacial y contexto temporal, como resultado se tiene el enunciado de la investigación. El título de la actividad investigativa así expresado permitirá, en la comunicación de la ciencia, comprender con claridad la semántica de la investigación.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Seepage in Trapezoidal Channels
Authors: Elshaarawy Mohamed Kamel , Elmasry Nanes Hassanin
Published: January 2025

Accurately estimating seepage losses from unlined and lined trapezoidal channels is essential for effective water management, especially in water-scarce regions. This study combined experimental and numerical approaches to evaluate seepage losses, focusing on the influence of channel geometry and liner properties, including hydraulic conductivity (KL) and thickness (tL). Firstly, a physical model was constructed, the materials were prepared, and testing procedures were performed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and cement mixture. Secondly, five-channel geometries were adjusted in the physical model for unlined and lined experiments. Finally, the Slide2 model results were compared with the experimental data. Results revealed that the Slide2 numerical model accurately estimated seepage losses from unlined and lined trapezoidal channels compared to the physical model with a high determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 and 0.99 and low root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) values of 2.85 and 0.03 cm3 s-1, respectively. For unlined channels, the seepage losses increased with larger bed width-to-water depth ratios due to the extended wetted perimeter. For lined channels, lining was ineffective when KL exceeded 0.01, while a 0.05 increase in tL reduced seepage losses by 15%. Furthermore, design charts and equations were developed to estimate the seepage losses from unlined and lined channels considering channel dimensions, liner hydraulic conductivity, and thickness.
Utilization of Doum Shell Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Palmitic Acid: Development of Statistical Optimization Approach
Authors: Kefas Haruna Mavakumba , Undiandeye Jerome , Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , John Benjamin
Published: January 2025

One specific advantage of using palmitic acid (PA) in biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esther, FAME) production is its availability and high cetane number. To produce FAME, the methodological steps followed in this study involved the sourcing and preparation of doum palm shell (DPS), carbonization and sulfonation of the biochar, and subsequent esterification of PA while DPS serves as catalyst. The objectives are to systematically explore the catalytic potential of DPS to optimize the biodiesel conversion by varying some process parameters, including methanol/oil ratio (8:1 to 12:1), reaction time (60-180 min) and catalyst load (1-5 wt.%). Ab initio, a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the prepared DPS catalyst and char revealed the presence of sulfonic acid groups crucial for enhancing the acidic nature and catalytic activity of the catalyst, as well as the carbonyl groups which facilitates the esterification reaction. A sister characterization method known as the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) suggest that the biomass catalyst has a moderately rough surface with substantial peaks and valleys, that enhance FAME conversion. Later on, several statistical metrics, 3D surface plot, contour lines, fitted plot and a quadratic model relating the 3 factors and the response, helped in the selection of optimal combination. Under 100% desirability corresponding to 97.83% biodiesel conversion, Design Expert 7.0.0 points to 4.24 wt.%, 10.57:1 and 126.67 min as optimal combinations of catalyst load, methanol-oil ratio and reaction time, respectively, also in line with a validated experimental efficiency of 98.01%. Based on the aforementioned meritorious properties of the PA and DPS used, a biodiesel with better oxidative stability, lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, longer shelf life and improved performance in diesel engines, is expected.
The Effects of Integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) In Teaching the Atomic Structure in Chemistry among Senior High School Students
Authors: Thomas N. Tindan  , Godfred Tang
Published: January 2025

This research work looks at the effects of incorporating technology (I.C.T) into the educational curriculum most especially in chemistry and how it affects the teaching and learning of the atomic structure in the senior high schools. The study made used of an experimental design in the data collection. The overall students for this study were eighty one (81) S.H.S Chemistry Students in Our Lady of Lourdes Girls' Senior High School but the researcher worked with fifty six (56) of them in the same year group. The sampling was done by using a shuffled list and assigning every second person to one group and the others to a different group. Multiples-choice and fill-in the blank questions were used for the data collection. The test was conducted before as pretest and after as posttest for the two groups respectively. From the mean, standard deviation and the t-test, (t-value of -3.434) there was a significant difference in the mean scores of the students taught using the I.C.T integrated method.  Per this findings, chemistry educators or teachers are encouraged to integrate I.C.T in the teaching and learning processes of the atomic structure.  Chemistry students should be challenged to use the internet and other technological mediums in their learning and doing of assignment especially in the topic, atomic structure. This will help them to be familiar with the use of I.C.T tools and how to use them in their learning processes.
Optimized Machine Learning System for Identifying Plant Diseases
Authors: Lucy I. Ezigbo  , Kingsley I. Chibueze
Published: January 2025

Plant diseases pose significant threats to agriculture, adversely affecting both crop yield and quality. This study offers a comprehensive overview of plant pathology, examining various types of diseases, their causative agents, and the intricate interactions between plants and pathogens. This study explored the integration of advanced deep learning and machine learning techniques. A dataset of plant leaf diseases, sourced from an online repository, was augmented with additional data featuring 11 West African plant species. The dataset underwent rigorous preprocessing to ensure compatibility with machine learning models. This study employed the ResNet50 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for feature extraction and XGBoost for classification, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 98.81% in differentiating between healthy and diseased plant leaves. The performance of the developed model was evaluated using key metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, and ROC curve, and was found to outperform existing models in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the model was successfully integrated into a mobile application, demonstrating efficient performance. This approach presents a scalable solution for precision agriculture, enhancing crop health management and boosting agricultural productivity.
Enhancing Islamic Religious Learning and Quranic Reading Through KKN-Thematic Program: A Case Study in Ridan Permai Village
Authors: Pardosi Fakhrurrozi , Sinaga Sopian , Dasa Syawal Syahputra  , Dori Candra  , Candra Gunawan  , Zulham Effendi  , Tumanggor Ilham
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the contribution of Thematic Community Service Program (KKN-T) students from the Islamic College (STAI) As-Sunnah in enhancing children's enthusiasm for Islamic religious learning and Quranic reading in Ridan Permai Village. Using a qualitative descriptive method with an Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, data were collected before and after intervention through observation, interviews, and activity documentation. Results show significant improvements in children's enthusiasm for Islamic studies and Quranic reading abilities following KKN-T student interventions through various learning activities such as Quran memorization and tahsin circles, Arabic language learning, prophetic biography studies, ablution and adhan practice training, and Islamic competitions. Community participation in village religious activities also increased. These findings demonstrate that the KKN-T program can serve as an effective model for enhancing learning enthusiasm and community engagement in religious education at the local level.
Gharsu al-Qiyam al-Akhlaqiyyah 'Abra Baramij Midaniyyah li al-Atfal fi Qaryah Lewak Khilal Syahr Ramadan 'Am 1445 H
Authors: Khairul Anhar  , Aswandi  , Ramon Taria
Published: January 2025

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة الواقع الاجتماعي في قرية ليواك بمقاطعة ألافان بمنطقة سيميليو أتشيه، يحاول الباحث في هذا البحث كشف الحقائق الواقعة في القرية فيما يتعلق بالقيم والأخلاق لدى أطفال هذه القرية، يتبين من خلال البيانات المحصولة من الملاحظات المبدئية وجود مشلكة عند الأطفال بالنسبة لمعرفتهم للقيم الأخلاقية المتضمنة في الصلاة. سلك الباحث منهج البحث الوصفي الميداني (Field Research) في هذا البحث ، بحيث تمر أعمال الباحث على الخطوات التي رسمها ميلس وهوبرمن  بأن تُجمع البيانات (Data Collection) وذلك عن طريق الملاحظات والمقابلات والتوثيق، ويتم تحليلها بالعرض (Data Display) والتقليل (Data Reduction) والتحقيق (Conclusion Drawing/Verifying) حتى يصل الباحث إلى النتيجة والخلاصة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف ما قام به فريق العمل الميداني  من طلاب جامعة السنة الإسلامية في غرس القيم الأخلاقية المتضمنة في الصلاة في نفوس الأطفال في قرية ليواك . وتدل هذه الدراسة على أن  ما قام به الفريق في برامج عملية التطبيق الميداني الموضوعي (KKNT) الذي تم تنفيذها خلال شهر رمضان من عام 1445 ه في محاولة حل مشكلة ضعف الرغبة ونقصان الدوافع لأداء الصلاة وفهم معناها وغرس القيم والأخلاق المتضمنة فيها قد حقق نجاحا نسبيا.
Kum-Kum Sinden, Ritual yang Bertahan di Era Modernisasi
Authors: Medita Hana
Published: January 2025

Kum-kum Sinden merupakan sebuah ritual masyarakat di Dusun Sendang Made Kabupaten Jombang. Ritual ini sudah ada sejak zaman Raja Airlangga. Prosesi ini dilakukan untuk para sinden yang akan terjun didunia professional agar suaranya merdu, awet muda dan mendapatkan kelancaran. Kegiatan didalam kum-kum sinden awalnya dengan memandikan para sinden dengan air sendang yang ditaburi bunga. Dengan perkembangan zaman dan modernisasi kegiatan tersebut dipersingkat hanya dengan membasuh wajah sinden saja. Prosesi tersebut juga biasa disebut wisuda para sinden. Penyingkatan kegiatan ini tidak mengurangi esensi nilai-nilai yang terkandung, karena simbol yang ada sudah mewakili. Peserta sinden yang mengikuti kegiatan ritual terdiri dari berbagai umur, ada yang masih muda dan ada yang sudah tua. Prosesi ini menampilkan kesenian Ludruk khas Jawa Timur sebagai runtutan acara kum-kum sinden pada malam harinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan langkah observasi, wawancara langsung dengan narasumber, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Rekonstruksi Kum-Kum Sinden menjadi salah satu upaya agar ritual dan budaya lokal tidak terkikis oleh modernisasi. Selain menjadi edukasi budaya lokal kegiatan ini didukung penuh oleh pemerintah setempat untuk destinasi wisata baik untuk wisata asing ataupun lokal. Ritual Kum-Kum Sinden ini harus dilestarikan dan dokumentasi yang baik agar menjadi arsip penting untuk kehidupan tradisi dan budaya khususnya di Jawa.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP SITUATION AWARENESS DAN KELELAHAN KERJA
Authors: Rizki Miftah Nuriel , Wiediartini Wiediartini , Disrinama Am Maisarah
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAKDengan perkembangan teknologi, kebutuhan akan beban kerja mental lebih mendominasi dibandingkan kebutuhan beban kerja fisik. Kolaborasi antara teknologi siber dan teknologi otomatis di era industri 4.0 menuntut pekerja untuk berinteraksi dengan komputer dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. Visual Display Terminal (VDT) telah digunakan pada Central Control Room salah satu industri semen di Indonesia. Operator CCR bekerja di ruangan khusus dan bertanggung jawab melakukan pengawasan, pemantauan, pengoperasian mesin dan peralatan, mengkomunikasikan penyimpangan dan menulis buku catatan jumlah operasi setiap jam. Pekerjaan ini memerlukan tingkat kewaspadaan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengukuran beban kerja mental, stres kerja, kelelahan kerja dan situation awareness. Hubungan antar variabel diuji dengan menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja mental dan stres kerja mempunyai hubungan positif dengan kelelahan kerja. Beban kerja mental mempunyai hubungan positif dengan situation awareness. Stres kerja dan kelelahan kerja tidak mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap situation awareness. Memasang dan mengaktifkan sinyal atau alarm untuk menunjukkan fase kritis operator direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan situation awareness.
ABSTRACTMental demand dominated more than physical demand in the development of technology. Collaboration between cyber and automatic technology in the era of Industry 4.0 required worker to interact with computers to handle their job. Visual Display Terminal (VDT) has been used in the Central Control Room of one of the cement industries in Indonesia. CCR operators work in particular room and are responsible for supervising, monitoring, operating machinery and equipment, communicating deviations and writing a logbook of operating quantities every hour. This job requires a high level of alertness. Therefore, measuring mental workload, work stress, work fatigue, and situation awareness is necessary. The relationship between variables was tested using path analysis. The results showed that mental workload and work stress positively correlate with fatigue. Mental workload has a positive relationship with situation awareness. Job stress and work fatigue do not have a positive relationship to situation awareness. Install and activate a signal or alarm to indicate the critical phase of the operator were recommended to increase situation awareness.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS PERMAINAN EDUKASI WORD WALL PADA MATERI PECAHAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Julaika  , Yusuf Munir , Munawir Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kebutuhan pengembangan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis permainan edukasi word wall pada materi pecahan di kelas IV SDN 173 Kertoraharjo Kec. Tomoni Timur, Kab. Luwu Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Research & Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu tahap analisis, tahap desain, tahap pengembangan, tahap implementasi dan tahap evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 173 Kertoraharjo dengan subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah wali kelas kelas IV dan siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 19 orang. Sedangkan objek penelitiannya adalah media interaktif permainan edukasi berbasis word wall pada materi pecahan. Kemudian teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, angket, tes dan dokumentasi. Serta teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan analisis data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa memerlukan media pembelajaran yang menarik pada materi pecahan seperti media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis permainan edukasi word wall pada materi pecahan. Implikasi dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah pembelajaran dapat menjadi menarik, motivasi belajar siswa meningkat dan hasil belajar siswa dapat meningkat.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN DI DESA CIPANAS KABUPATEN LEBAK
Authors: Mumu Zainal Mutaqin  , Sanusi  , Muhammad Arifin  , M. Muslim  , Mochamad Nunu Husnun
Published: January 2025

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggali pendidikan Islam di Masyarakat dalam upaya mensosialisasikan ajaran-ajaran Islam, kerena pendidikan berkepentingan untuk menginternalisasikan nilai iman, takwa dan moral. Supaya masyarakat memiliki komitmen religius dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk beramal dan berkarya yang pada gilirannya melahirkan budaya yang agamis.  Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan pendekatan enografi yang disadari untuk memahami berbagai peristiwa yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa  observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan informan yaitu warga desa Cipanas berjumlah tiga orang terkait dengan nilai pendidikan Islam dan implikasinya terhadap sosial keagamaan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer terdiri dari hasil wawancara, buku, jurnal dan data yang relevan terkait pendidikan islam dan implikasinya terhadap sosial keagamaan di Desa Cipanas. Sedangkan data sekunder berupa arsip, poto yang tidak langsung berkaitan dengan tema penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pendidikan Islam mengajarkan nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang kuat, seperti kejujuran, keadilan, kasih sayang, dan belas kasihan. Hal ini mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat untuk membentuk karakter yang baik, dan menciptakan masyarakat yang  harmonis. Urgensinya dapat menumbuhkan kekeluargaan dan meningkatkan nilai spiritual dalam pergaulan masyarakat.
FENOMENA FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO) PADA MAHASISWA PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL DI PROGRAM STUDI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UIN SJECH M. DJAMIL DJAMBEK BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Rindia Septa Kurnia  , M. Arif  , Yeni Afrida  , Sri Hartati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali fenomena Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) di kalangan mahasiswa pengguna media sosial di Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, khususnya untuk angkatan 2021, 2022, dan 2023. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini melibatkan 376 mahasiswa sebagai populasi, dan 183 mahasiswa dipilih sebagai sampel melalui teknik proposional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket FoMO yang telah melalui proses validasi dan reliabilitas oleh para ahli. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 48,6% mahasiswa berada pada kategori tinggi dalam pengalaman FoMO. Secara khusus, indikator kekhawatiran memiliki rata-rata 30,4 dengan persentase 61,58%, dan standar deviasi 7,291, yang menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa sangat khawatir akan kehilangan informasi atau pengalaman penting. Selain itu, indikator ketakutan mencatat rata-rata 20,70 dengan persentase 59,19% dan standar deviasi 4,580, mengindikasikan tingkat ketakutan yang sedang. Sementara itu, indikator kecemasan menunjukkan rata-rata 12,36 dengan persentase 61,80% dan standar deviasi 3,083, menempatkan kecemasan pada kategori tinggi. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya memahami dampak FoMO di kalangan mahasiswa, yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan mental dan perilaku sosial mereka.
STRATEGI GURU PAI DALAM MEMBIMBING PEMBELAJARAN AL-QUR’AN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SDN 03 PULAI ANAK AIR KOTA BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Zira Avelia  , Arifmiboy Arifmiboy  , Charles Charles  , Afrinaldi Afrinaldi
Published: January 2025

Sebagaimana hasil wawancara yang dilakukan, peneliti menemukan bahwa metode yang digunakan guru PAI untuk membimbing pembelajaran Al-Qur’an untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus di SDN 03 Pulai Anak Air kurang efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode, hambatan, dan solusi yang digunakan guru PAI dalam membimbing pembelajaran Al-Qur’an untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus di SDN 03 Pulai Anak Air. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Guru PAI adalah informan utama penelitian, dan informan pendukung lainnya anak berkebutuhan khusus, wali kelas, kepala sekolah dan orang tua wali anak berkebutuhan khusus. Peneliti  mengumpulkan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan penulis adalah pengumpulan data, pengurangan, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi data untuk menguji validitas data. Menurut peneliti strategi guru PAI dalam membimbing belajar Al-Qur’an untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus telah digunakan, namun pendekatan tersebut belum maksimal. Oleh karena itu untuk membimbing anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur’an, mereka harus mendapatkan bimbingan khusus diruangan khusus.
PENGARUH KONSELING KELOMPOK MELALUI TEKNIK REINFORCEMENT POSITIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR SISWA DI SMAN 1 KECAMATAN MUNGKA
Authors: Widya Arianti  , Alfi Rahmi  , Dodi Pasila Putra  , Syawaluddin Syawaluddin
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan teknik reinforcement positif terhadap disiplin belajar siswa di SMAN 1 Kecamatan Mungka. Masalah yang diidentifikasi adalah rendahnya disiplin belajar siswa, seperti terlambat masuk kelas, ribut saat pelajaran, dan tidak mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan serius. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimen dengan desain One Group Pretest-Posttest, dengan sampel 43 siswa kelas XI IPA dan XI IPS yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket dan dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disiplin belajar siswa sebelum diberikan layanan konseling kelompok berada pada kategori sedang, dengan rata-rata skor 66,40. Setelah perlakuan, disiplin belajar siswa meningkat menjadi kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata skor 95,50. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan p-value sebesar 0,005, yang lebih kecil dari 0,05, yang berarti hipotesis alternatif diterima. Dengan demikian, konseling kelompok menggunakan teknik reinforcement positif terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar siswa.
RELEVANSI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA MADRASAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF AUGUSTE COMTE DI MAN 4 AGAM
Authors: Naharuddin  , Silfia Hanani
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan agama di madrasah memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karakter siswa, khususnya dalam membangun moralitas sosial dan etika melalui pemahaman yang logis dan rasional. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dan jenis penelitianya studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pemeriksaan dokumen serta penelitian terdahulu. Lokasi penelitian ini di MAN 4 Agam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan agama di MAN 4 Agam tidak hanya berfokus pada pengajaran doktrin agama, tetapi juga mendorong siswa untuk memahami nilai-nilai agama secara logis, relevan, dan kontekstual. Pendekatan ini mendukung pandangan Comte bahwa pendidikan harus mengutamakan rasionalitas dan empirisme untuk membentuk individu yang kritis dan mampu berkontribusi pada stabilitas sosial. Guru berperan penting sebagai fasilitator dalam menerapkan pendekatan ilmiah dalam memahami agama, yang pada gilirannya membantu siswa untuk menginternalisasi nilai-nilai moral dan sosial yang kuat. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan positivisme dalam pendidikan agama Islam di MAN 4 Agam memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan pemikiran kritis dan moralitas siswa. Implikasi teoritis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teori Comte tentang positivisme memiliki relevansi dalam pendidikan agama modern, di mana penekanan pada pendekatan ilmiah dapat memperkuat karakter siswa sebagai individu religius yang rasional.
PENERAPAN PEMIKIRAN TINDAKAN YANG DIKEMUKAKAN OLEH MAX WEBER DI SMAN 1 CANDUANG
Authors: Yusra  , Silfia Hanani
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan pemikiran tindakan sosial Max Weber di SMAN 1 Canduang, dengan fokus pada dinamika interaksi sosial antara siswa, guru, dan manajemen sekolah. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan sosial yang terjadi di sekolah dapat dikategorikan ke dalam empat jenis tindakan sesuai dengan teori Weber, yaitu tindakan rasional instrumental, tindakan rasional nilai, tindakan afektif, dan tindakan tradisional. Tindakan rasional instrumental terlihat dalam upaya siswa meraih prestasi akademik melalui kerja sama dalam pembelajaran, sedangkan tindakan rasional nilai tercermin dalam kegiatan sosial seperti bakti sosial yang menunjukkan kesadaran siswa akan tanggung jawab sosial. Tindakan afektif terbangun melalui hubungan emosional yang kuat di antara siswa, yang menciptakan komunitas belajar yang solid dan mendukung. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan tantangan terkait perbedaan nilai dan budaya di antara siswa yang perlu dikelola dengan baik. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya pemahaman tindakan sosial dalam konteks pendidikan untuk merancang program yang mendukung pengembangan karakter dan prestasi akademik siswa.