bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senjata Api dan Maskulinitas dalam Cerita Pendek “The Man Who was Almost A Man”
Authors: Merdeka Pita
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Maskulinitas adalah bagian dari kajian gender. Untuk memahami maskulinitas, kita perlu mengidentifikasi laki-laki sebagai pusat dari kajian ini dari beberapa aspek. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai hubungan kepemilikan senjata sebagai simbol dari pencapaian maskulinitas laki-laki. Kemudian dalam artikel juga mengungkapkan mengenai berbagai macam sumber dan karya sastra bahwa memiliki senjata bisa memberikan kesan kekuatan dan maskulinitas (kelaki-lakian). Cerpen dengan judul “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” adalah contoh karya sastra yang mengambarkan kepemilikan senjata api sebagai sesuatu hal yang mendukung atau memberikan kemaskulinitasan pada laki-laki. Senjata api ditangan bisa berarti kekuatan dalam diri laki-laki. Hal ini digambarkan oleh tokoh utama (Dave Saunders) yang mengaggap senjata api sebagai simbol dari kehormatan. Sejalan dengan cerita pendek ini, ada beberapa banyak penyalahgunaan senjata api yang dilakukan demi meraih kehormatan (dihargai) dan maskulinitas dalam lingkungannya. ---Abstract Masculinity is a part of gender studies. To understand masculinity, it needs to identify man as the center of the study from various aspects. Here within the article, it would be discussed about the relationship between possessing arms (gun) as the symbol of earning men’s masculinity. Then, it is implied from many sources and literary work, that possessing arms might give the impression of strength and masculinity. The short story entitled “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” is the example of literary work that gun possession will support someone in gaining his masculinity. Gun in hands means power or strength inside a man. It was showed by the protagonist (Dave Saunders) who considered gun as the symbol of respect and the real man thing (being masculine). Align with the short story, there are many gun violence happened in the name of gaining the identity of being called masculine and respect from people.
The Acceptability Humor Translation of English to Indonesian in The Movie Penguins of Madagascar: Discover Their Untold Story Thanksgiving
Authors: Nufus Dede Zahrotun
Published: January 2020

Abtraks Penelitian ini membahas tentang keberterimaan penerjemahan humor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis penerjemahan humor dan keberterimaan bahasanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendapatkan penelitian yang objektif. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan untuk memeroleh data adalah dengan menggunakan intrumen peneliti sendiri sebagai alat pengumpul datanya. Misalnya dengan menonton film yang memiliki subtitle bahasa Inggris dan film yang bersubtitle bahasa Indonesia. Kemudian mengklasifikasi jenis-jenis humor yang sudah ditandai. Selanjutnya peneliti menjelaskannya berdasarkan konsep keberterimaan yang diajukan oleh Nababan, parameter penilaian keberterimaan suatu terjemahan. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga jenis humor, seperti humor budaya, humor universal, dan humor linguistik. Dari ketiga jenis humor tersebut, jenis humor budaya lebih sering ditemukan atau muncul dalam penerjemahan subtitle film tersebut.---Abstract The research discusses about the acceptability of humor translation. The analysis is aimed to identify the types of humor translation and its acceptability in target language. The researcher uses qualitative descriptive method to  get the  objective of the research. In order to get the valid data the researcher employs herself to collect the data;   by   watching   the   movie   both   in   English   and   Indonesian   version, understanding and marking the humor that appear in the movie, classifying the types of humor and describing the acceptability of humor which is translated from source   language   into    target   language   base   on   Nababan’s   parameter   of acceptability rates assessment theory. Findings of the research show that: first, three types of humor are found in the movie  Penguins of Madagascar linguistic humor, cultural humor, and universal humor; second, the most frequently types found is cultural humor; third, based on the result of translation version is acceptable.
Error Analysis of Sundanese English Pronunciation on Fricatives Sound
Authors: Fauzi Fakhri
Published: January 2020

Abstraks Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang biasanya ditemukan pada mahasiswa suku Sunda yang ada di jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris tahun ajaran 2013 dalam mengikuti matakuliah pronounciation, khususnya pada masalah bunyi mendesis. Adapun fokus penelitian ini ditujukan pada mahasiswa baru yang berlatarbelakang budaya Sunda dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keakurasian pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung unsur desisan/desahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti sebagai pengumpul data melakukan hal-hal sebagai berikut: melalui observasi langsung terhadap mahasiswa suku Sunda. Merekam atau mencatat cara pengucapan (pronounciation) dan menganalisis kesalahan-kesalahannya berdasrkan konsep Error Analisis dari beberapa sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda pada umumnya bnyak melakukan kesalahan dalam pengucapan kata-kata yang mengandung desahan. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan koreksi dan masukan bagi para pelajar atau mahasiswa yang berasal dari Sunda.---Abstract This study is aimed to find out the errors that commonly made by Sundanese student of English Letters Department in the year 2013 who already taken a pronunciation class, in pronouncing a fricative sounds. The reseacher focuses on freshman student who has Sundanese cultural background to know their accuracy in pronouncing some fricative’s words. The reseacher uses qualitative method on writing his thesis. He also analyzes the collected data through descriptive analysis technique in order to reach the objective of the research. The reseacher involves himself to collect data by observing the respondents, recording their pronunciation and analyzing the error on their pronunciation based on theories of error analysis which are taken from some relevant references. On the conclusion, the reseacher finds that Sundanese student of English Letters Department are made some error on their pronunciation. Error of omission and error of addition are found on the vowels and consonant sound except the fricatives sound. While error of selection, is occurred both on the fricatives sound and the rest of sound. The reseacher also finds that overgeneralization is one of the reasons why the Sundanese student made errors on their pronunciation.
Proses Islamisasi pada tiga Abad Perama Hijriyah
Authors: Tholib Udjang
Published: January 2020

proses masuk islam pada masa tiga abad pertama hijiryah adalah berbedadengan memeluk agama lain karena dalam islam tidak ada upacara khususyang bisa disamakan dengan pembaptisan. kata Aslama  yang artinya, ia menyerah diri kepada Allah, digunakan untuk menerangkan bahwa seseorangtelah menjadi muslim. tetapi kata itu tidak menunjukan sejauh mana tindakan penyerahan tersebut terealisasi. menurut ajaran islam. memeluk agama Islam sudah dianggap sah atau sempurna apabila seseorangmengucapkan dua kalimah shahadah (pengakuan akan keesaan Tuhan dan NabiMuhammad adalah utusanNya). proses perpindahan agama ini tidak tergantungkepada seseorang seperti pendeta karena Islam tidak mempunyai Institusi kependetaan. nampaknya proses masuk Islam pada tiga abad pertama Hijriyahtidak mempunyai prosedur formal atau suatu indikator yang bisa dicatatoleh para sejarawan Muslim. Selain itu, tidak ada sumber-sumber lokal yang kontemporer  pada masa awal tersebarnya agama islam. hal ini merupakansalah satu kesulitan untuk menelusuri sejarah masuknya pengikut agama-agama lain ke dalam Islam
САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА СТУДЕНТА-ВОКАЛІСТА ЯК СКЛАДОВА МАЙБУТНЬОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Hetalo O. Y.
Published: January 2020

Мета статті – виявлення мотиваційних та формо-організуючих чинників самостійної роботи студентів-вокалістів на різних етапах професійного навчання. Ціллю публікації також постає розкриття найбільш ефективних форм та видів індивідуальних занять вокалістів, визначення низки підготовчих вправ щодо позакласної, індивідуальної роботи студентів. Методологія вивчення означеної тематики зумовлюється вагомим практичним значенням досліджуваного явища. Провідними у науковій статті постають наступні емпіричні методи, а саме спостереження та узагальнення. Фундаментального значення набуває також і аксіологічний метод, за допомогою якого визначаються найбільш ціннісні чинники щодо мотиваційних, формотворчих та організаційних критеріїв самостійної роботи студентів-вокалістів у академічному навчальному закладі. Наукова новизна роботи окреслюється синтетичним поєднанням ряду факторів індивідуальних занять у їх специфіці мотиваційного, формотворчого та організаційного показників відносно майбутньої професійної діяльності співаків академічного напряму. Висновки. Основою мотиваційного підходу в роботі з вихованцем щодо його індивідуальних занять є точність усвідомлення найбільш якісного, технологічно виваженого результату від вправ для самостійної роботи. Виваженість форми й організації позакласної праці студента встановлюється дотриманням критеріїв різноманіття інструктивного й художнього матеріалу, а також системністю самостійних занять вихованця. Види і форми самостійної роботи студента-вокаліста неодмінно будуть оновлюватись, що обумовлюється еволюцією мистецтва взагалі та зокрема вокального, появою нових завдань та вимог до вокальної майстерності співака, новим типом слухацької аудиторії. Важливим у структуруванні та організації індивідуальної роботи студента є слідкування за тенденціями розвитку мистецтва та особливостями психології музичного сприйняття.
Anthropology and Religion Studies
Authors: Hume Lynne
Published: January 2020

This article is a reflexive account of the author's entry into the field of religionstudies through the discipline of anthropology. It is a frank accountof how the personal and the academic can intertwine, outlining how fieldwork,using an anthropological and experiential lens, can influence notonly the life of the researcher, but the content, theory and methodologyin publications. While earlier tertiary studies in religion centred aroundschools of divinity and/or theology, religion has moved beyond the strictboundaries of interpretations of texts and discussions of religion fromwithin a particular set of beliefs. The combination of the two major disciplines,(cultural) anthropology and religion, in a tertiary level curriculumare particularly pertinent to understanding the important links betweenculture and religious practices. The significant influences of other scholarsacross and beyond both disciplines are highlighted, along with theauthor's major publications.
A Sociologist among the Spirits
Authors: Singleton Andrew
Published: January 2020

This article is an academic autobiography of Andrew Singleton, an Australiansociologist of religion whose work focuses on applied, mixed-methodsstudies of youth religion, religious belief and new religious movements.It starts with a sociology of religion class, describes graduate researchthat utilised qualitative methods, and post-doctoral work in quantitativemethods, and then concludes by discussing recent mixed-methodsprojects. The career arc of an academic is shaped by the legacy of earlierscholars in the field, key mentors, opportunities for research support andcollaborators. The article emphasises the role and importance of these factorsin forming an individual's professional profile and the kind of scholarshipthey produce.
Histories of Religious Identity and the Irish
Authors: Hall Dianne
Published: January 2020

Researching medieval women necessitates the study of religion-bothreligious practice and religious identity. While sources may be limited forindividual faith and religious practice, there remains ample evidence forthe importance of religious identity shaping the lives of medieval religiouswomen. While finding religious women in the sources from medieval Irelandwas an important early project in my career, my later research intohow gender formed understanding and memory of religious violence hasprovided more nuanced analysis of the role of religion in the lives of Irishpeople in the past. The reach of Irish religious history has proved to belong and the conflicts over religious identity from Ireland continued toinform how Irish migrants and their children understood their new homesin Australia.
Reflections on an Academic Pursuit of Religion
Authors: Milani Milad
Published: January 2020

The study of religion is a contested field of investigation that has for thepast two decades challenged my thinking on the subject. 'An unofficialphilosopher of religion who received his academic training from a historian'sums up my story as an accidental scholar of religion. On the whole,I see my work as a series of successive leaps, unbound by any one particularproject. As a mid-career academic, I am in the process of yet anotherleap, as it were. The one thing that anchors what I do is the simultaneoushistorical and philosophical pursuit of what religion is.
Matthew Bowman, Christian: The Politics of a Word in America
Authors: Deagon Alex
Published: January 2020

Matthew Bowman, Christian: The Politics of a Word in America.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018, pp. 320, ISBN:9780674737631 (hbk), £23.95.
An Italian-born Belgo-Australian Sociologist of Religion
Authors: Possamai Adam
Published: January 2020

This autobiography addresses how my life experience across citizenshipsand religions has had a profound impact on my Weberian perspective onthe sociology of religion. It also informs how my various mentors acrosscontinents have influenced my work over the years. This was thanks to thepeople I studied with at the Catholic University of Leuven and La TrobeUniversity, and those I worked with at Western Sydney University andwhile leading the Australian Association for the Study of Religions andthe International Sociological Association's (ISA) Research Committee 22on the Sociology of Religion. This article concludes by showing how myworks as a fiction writer and as a research mentor and university administratorhave been intertwined with my sociology of religion.
Religion and Politics over a Career
Authors: Maddox Marion
Published: January 2020

A career-long focus on the intersections between religion and politicsgrew out of family, personal and academic interests. These influencesand academic explorations led to questioning the common assumptionthat religion and politics should-or even can-be 'kept separate'. On theother hand, the ways in which religion and politics intersect and interact,and their various configurations, provide fertile ground for analysis,and have important consequences for our national life. These intersectionsand interactions take distinctive forms in Australia, meaning thatwe need local research that, while informed by international models, isfirmly grounded in our own situation.
A Personal and Scholarly Reflection on Sociology of Religion, Peacebuilding and Spaciousness
Authors: Halafoff Anna
Published: January 2020

This invited paper is a personal and scholarly reflection on how I, AnnaHalafoff, became a sociologist of religion in Australia and also presents anoverview of my and my colleagues' contributions to this field. I begin withproviding some background about my upbringing in a Russian household,and my education at Methodist Ladies College and Wesley College, in Melbourne,Australia. I then recount my formative early adult years of exploringspirituality, nature and activism in Northern New South Wales andQueensland and how it led me to enrol in a Master of Letters at the Universityof New England, focusing on religion and peacebuilding. The nextsection discusses our work at Monash and Deakin Universities researchingreligious diversity, countering violent extremism and worldviews education,including our international collaborations. Finally, I describe my currentinterests in Buddhism in Australia and my continued commitment toapplied research that makes a positive difference to society.
Carole M. Cusack, John W. Morehead and Venetia Laura Delano Robertson (eds), The Sacred in Fantastic Fandom: Essays on the Intersectionof Religion and Pop Culture
Authors: Wong Liz
Published: January 2020

Carole M. Cusack, John W. Morehead and Venetia Laura Delano Robertson (eds), The Sacred in Fantastic Fandom: Essays on the Intersectionof Religion and Pop Culture. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company,Inc., 2019, pp. vi + 203, ISBN: 978-1-4766-7083-6. US$39.95.
Luigi Berzano, The Fourth Secularisation: Autonomy of Individual Lifestyles
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: January 2020

Luigi Berzano, The Fourth Secularisation: Autonomy of Individual Lifestyles. London and New York: Routledge, 2019, pp. vii + 81, ISBN:978-0-367-26068-2 (hbk). £36.00.
Alexa Weik von Mossner (ed.), Moving Environments: Affect, Emotion, Ecology, and Film
Authors: O'Dell-Chaib Courtney
Published: January 2020

Alexa Weik von Mossner (ed.), Moving Environments: Affect, Emotion, Ecology, and Film (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2014), 287 pp., $42.99 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-77112-002-9.
Religious Conversion and the Decline of Environmental Ritual Narratives
Authors: Stanley Erik
Published: January 2020

Religion has a major impact on human–environmental relationships as evidenced by cultural responses to agricultural disease. In Belize, Protestant conversion has transformed traditional Mopan Maya environment relations and paved the way for the commercialization of formerly ritual crops. The changes in the spiritual importance of cacao and nature are reflected in farmers’ responses to the emergence of Monilia (Moniliophtora roreri), a fungal disease that attacks the fruits of the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao), the botanical source of chocolate. Traditionally, Mopan cacao farmers relied on ritual offerings to nature spirits to cure diseased trees. However, the widespread adoption of Protestant Christianity by many Mopan has led to the discontinuation of cacao rituals, the demystification of nature spirits, and increased reliance on agro-technical disease management. The decline of Mopan ritual offerings speaks more broadly to the transformation of indigenous environmental relations in the context of Protestant conversion and capitalist agricultural development.
Christopher M. Moreman, Routledge Companion to Death and Dying
Authors: Wilson Liz
Published: January 2020

Christopher M. Moreman, Routledge Companion to Death and Dying (New York: Routledge, 2018), 594 pp., $220.00 (hbk), ISBN: 9781138852075.
Making Meaning of Arctic Sea Ice and Mourning its Decline
Authors: Johnson Noor
Published: January 2020

Peter Wadhams, A Farewell to Ice: A Report from the Arctic (London & New York: Allen Lane, 2016), 240 pp., £20.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0- 241-00941-3.

Shari Gearheard, Lene Kielsen Holm, Henry Huntington, Joe Mello Leavitt, Andrew R. Mahoney, Margaret Opie, Toku Oshima, and Joelie Sanguya, The Meaning of Ice: People and Sea Ice in Three Arctic Communities (Hanover, NH: International Polar Institute Press, 2013), 366 pp., US$50 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-9821703-9-7.
Joseph R. Wiebe, The Place of Imagination: Wendell Berry and the Poetics of Community, Affection, and Identity
Authors: Baker Jack R.
Published: January 2020

Joseph R. Wiebe, The Place of Imagination: Wendell Berry and the Poetics of Community, Affection, and Identity (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2017), 272 pp., $49.95 (cloth), ISBN: 978-1-481-30386-6.
Todd LeVasseur, Religious Agrarianism and the Return of Place: From Values to Practice in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Thompson Paul B.
Published: January 2020

Todd LeVasseur, Religious Agrarianism and the Return of Place: From Values to Practice in Sustainable Agriculture (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2017), xvi + 253 pp., $24.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-4384-6772-6.
Scythian Neo-Paganism in the Caucasus
Authors: Foltz Richard
Published: January 2020

The Scythians, a warlike, pastoral-nomadic, Iranian-speaking people who dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the first millennium BCE, are known to us through the accounts of Herodotus and other Greek writers of antiquity. The Scythians’ language and many of their cultural customs survive today among the Ossetes of the Central Caucasus, among whom an attempt to revive the ancient religion has been underway since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Uatsdin or ‘True Religion’, as this revived system has been named, consists of rituals associated with the ancient deities of war and hunting, along with such natural phenomena as thunder, wild and domestic food animals, and wolves. This movement can be analyzed within the framework of nation-building ideologies, similar to other movements taking place across the former USSR and beyond.
Earthbound Social Movements and the Anthropocene
Authors: Crews Chris
Published: January 2020

Despite a growing body of Anthropocene research, less attention has been given to how these changing dynamics are impacting social movements. This work addresses this gap in the literature by developing a critical reading of social movements and the Anthropocene that draws on social movement studies and environmental political theory. I argue a new social movement formation is appearing, which I call the Earthbound people. I show how a new Earth-centered cosmopolitics is emerging in response to the Anthropocene by drawing on diverse examples of global social and environmental justice and Indigenous rights struggles over land and water.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Witt Joseph D.
Published: January 2020

.
Pompey Pop
Authors: Allen Dave
Published: January 2020

This article provides a retrospective account of the author's long-time involvement with 'PompeyPop', a project uncovering the somewhat neglected history of the impact of popular music inPortsmouth. The article demonstrates how the dedication of the author, a retired employeeof Portsmouth University, to this community initiative has established the importance of popularmusic to this working-class city and, most importantly, how it has challenged notionsof 'mainstream' history. After describing the growth of light entertainment in post-SecondWorld War Portsmouth, it challenges a number of preconceptions, ranging from notions ofnew styles 'sweeping away' their predecessors, to tokenized histories of the post-war periodalways being 'depressed', to notions of the swinging sixties being centred exclusively in certainparts of London. Regarding the latter, the article outlines a methodological problem, wherewriters such as Dominic Sandbrook are regarded as focusing exclusively on archival research, asopposed to also including the oral histories of ordinary people who lived through the period.
They preferred to sit on the floor
Authors: Jones Mike
Published: January 2020

This article asserts that the swinging sixties was not a phenomenon of London only, but a social, political, economic and cultural force that impacted all parts of the UK, including South Wales. This account focuses on the rise and demise of a long forgotten short-lived music venue in Ebbw Vale called the Drifters Escape (1969-1970). This small-scale council owned rock venue can be seen to capture the zeitgeist of the times, representing not only a changing youth culture's relationship with the establishment, but also a developing music industry, which was beginning to differentiate pop from rock and moving towards album dominated record sales. Interestingly, the Drifters Escape was simultaneously regarded by council authorities as both an opportunity (to build upon the financial benefits an independent rock venue could precipitate) and a threat (as its popularity was seen to threaten traditional notions of social order), a 'clash of cultures' that was not only experienced at a local level, but also more globally in education, the music press and across society, as 'the establishment' attempted to come to terms with changes in the tastes of youth culture. After reviewing the history of the venue, this account, which is investigated via the lens of local council records, press and stakeholder interviews, proceeds to provide a cogent explanation of not only how, but why certain members of the Ebbw Vale establishment viewed rock music as a 'problematic' trend at the time.
The meaning of the music venue
Authors: Long Paul , Raine Sarah
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on a venue/music night in 1980s Birmingham called "The Click Club". The history of the club is documented via a critical account of a 2016 exhibition entitled “Is There Any One Out There”, which celebrated the venue and the many bands that performed there. Since the club’s demise, Birmingham is noted as celebrating some of its local icons such as Black Sabbath and The Electric Light Orchestra, with the city now regenerating itself to highlight and celebrate its musical identity. Memories of “The Click Club” are regarded as “lost” from more mainstream depictions of musical histories of the city. Via engaging with what they describe as an online “community of memory”, the article documents not only the origins and memories of the venue and formation of the aforementioned exhibition, but also the wider historical conceptualizations of the music venue as cultural product, through which meanings are made.
Buildings matter
Authors: Brocken Mike
Published: January 2020

This article discusses the reshaping of Liverpool's built environment, reminding us that buildingstake on new uses and meanings as they progress through time, with entertainment spacesemerging and declining as part of the meta-narrative of post-industrial capital. The expansionand repurposing of spaces such as theatres and cinemas are discussed, with 'new' spaces suchas record shops also regarded as assisting in re-establishing empty buildings at crucial times inLiverpool's history. The article consequently aims to encourage the reader to consider how buildingdevelopment directly relates to the emergence of popular music history, particularly in thelate 1950s when a number of key venues in Liverpool emerged. A cogent theme is that specificplaces in cities remind communities of not only where they live, but also who they are and were.
How musical was my valley? Exploring resources and relationships in local popular music-making between 1996 and 2006
Authors: Cleaton Anne
Published: January 2020

Influenced by the work of Howard Becker and Ruth Finnegan, this article incorporates an ethnographicapproach combined with concepts from social network theory to investigate the historicalimpacts of 'musical networks' on the town of Aberdare, between 1996 and 2006. Focusingspecifically on the local music scene, via a series of interviews, the article uncovers various strategicconnections between the conventions and understandings of the musical community,such as generationally passing down information, musical tastes and values, and local musicalhierarchies. After briefly describing the positioning and social construction of Aberdare withinthe Welsh Valleys, the article proceeds to investigate the motivations of the community to participatein popular music, in addition to the historical significance of material resources such astransport links, venues and rehearsal rooms.
Radiological assessment of internal exposure resulting from ingestion of natural radionuclides in Arachis hypogaea L. grown in Turkey
Authors: Karataşlı M. , Turhan Ş. , Abugoufa A.H.A. , Gören E. , Kurnaz A. , Hançerlioğulları A.
Published: January 2020

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important of all legumes and contains appreciable amounts of dietary oil and protein. Groundnut is added to many foods to enhance their levels of high-quality protein in diets lacking in nutrition. In this study, 51 groundnut samples were collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey and analysed for naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K). The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in groundnut samples varied from 2.9 ± 0.8 to 7.6 ± 1.0 Bq kg−1 (dw), with an average of 5.4 Bq kg−1 (dw); 4.4 ± 0.9 to 10.7 ± 1.2 Bq kg−1 (dw), with an average of 6.9 Bq kg−1 (dw) and 246.3 ± 18.2 to 541.8 ± 40.1 Bq kg−1 (dw), with an average of 427.1 Bq kg−1 (dw), respectively. The annual effective radiation dose was estimated to assess the health hazards caused by the ingestion of groundnut samples based on the measured activity concentrations of the radionuclides contained in them. The annual effective radiation dose varied from 6.5 to 10.1 µSv y−1, with an average of 8.3 ± 0.1 µSv y−1. The results revealed that consumption of Turkish groundnuts does not pose any radiological health hazards.
Rapid detection of mycotoxins on foods and beverages with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Batrinou A. , Houhoula D. , Papageorgiou E.
Published: January 2020

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi and their presence in foods and feed is potentially hazardous to the health of both humans and animals. This study has assessed the presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins in 183 samples of a variety of foods and beverages (nuts, cereals, milk, cheese, wine and beer) in the Greek market by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 42.6% of samples had detectable levels of any of the above mycotoxins and 15.3% had levels above the European Union (EU) legal limit. About 48.1% (n = 27) of nuts were found to be contaminated with aflatoxin in which 33.3% were above the EU legal limit (4 ppb), 25.9% with fumonisin and 29.6% with ochratoxin, and in 14.8% of samples co-occurrence of all three mycotoxins was observed. For cereal-based products, 15.9% (n = 38) were detected with aflatoxin and 59.3% (n = 64) of milk and cheese samples were detected with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), but no sample exceeded the EU legal levels. The levels of AFM1 were found significantly lower in ultra-high temperature pasteurised milk (long-life milk) than in pasteurised milk. Detection of ochratoxin in vine grapes and non-commercial wines produced in small-scale wineries indicated that 43.5% (n = 23) of samples contained ochratoxin above the EU limit (2 ppb). Analysis of barley malts, barley seeds and beers revealed that 29% of samples (n = 31) were contaminated with ochratoxin at a level above the EU limit (3 ppb). The results confirm the widespread and persistent presence of mycotoxins in various foods and beverages; therefore, continuous monitoring and awareness is required to safeguard public health.
Mathematical modelling of lemon verbena leaves drying in a continuous flow dryer equipped with a solar pre-heating system
Authors: Soodmand-Moghaddam S. , Sharifi M. , Zareiforoush H. , Mobli H.
Published: January 2020

The modelling of the drying process of lemon verbena leaves in a continuous flow dryer equipped with a solar pre-heating system was performed at three levels of drying temperature (50, 40, and 30 °C) and three levels of air velocity (2, 1.5 and 1 m/s). During the experiments, lemon verbena leaves were dried to the final moisture content of 10 from 76% wet basis in the continuous flow dryer. Drying kinetic showed to drying temperature and air velocity exerted significant influence on the drying time. Also, the dried lemon verbena leaves quality was obtained by determining the essential oil content of the product after drying in different conditions in the dryer. Finally, it was observed that the highest essential oil content was maintained at a temperature of 40 °C and air velocity of 1 m/s. Suitability of 10 different mathematical drying models was used to describe drying lemon verbena leaves in this dryer. The results have shown that Midilli and Kucuk’s model can successfully predict the experimental data in all air temperatures and air velocities. In Midilli and Kucuk’s model, the amounts of R2 were above 999 × 10–3 and the amounts of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and chi-square (χ2) were less than 174 × 10–4 and 19 × 10–4.
Políticas que construyen murallas y dividen pueblos: Un análisis de Nehemías 4 y 6
Authors: Tamayo Jhon Fredy Mayor
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo aborda desde una mirada histórica e interpretativa los capítulos 4 y 6 del libro de Nehemías, en los cuales se describen los conflictos que dieron origen a la ruptura étnica y cultual definitiva entre judíos y samaritanos. Según el texto bíblico, los samaritanos son los culpables de la ruptura por su negativa al proyecto de reconstrucción política y cultual del judaísmo tras el regreso del exilio de Babilonia. Sin embargo, el artículo busca demostrar, a partir de un análisis a los sucesos históricos del siglo V a.C, que los samaritanos no son culpables de tal acusación y que más bien el proyecto judío obedece a un plan del imperio persa, que Judá supo aprovechar para sus intereses personales. El texto tiene tres apartados: el primero es un acercamiento al contexto histórico donde se desarrollan los hechos; el segundo una radiografía desde el texto bíblico a los conflictos y acusaciones; el tercero una relectura de estos capítulos a partir de algunas realidades presentes en el contexto latinoamericano.
Sentimientos experimentados por estudiantes durante las prácticas: implicaciones en el proceso de aprendizaje
Authors: Santos Kalila Araújo , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Duarte Ana Cristina Santos , Cruz Nayara Mendes , Santos Kay Amparo , Vieira Sheylla Nayara Sales
Published: January 2020

Introducción: Las clases prácticas en el área de la salud es común y obligatoria, ya que estas articulan la formación del estudiante. La importancia de las clases prácticas es reconocida tanto por los académicos como por las instituciones de formación, además de ser fuente de inquietudes y conflictos para ambas partes. Frente a esta situación, se buscó describir los sentimientos que los académicos de enfermería experimentan durante las clases prácticas hospitalarias. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio descriptivo. Recolección de datos realizada en mayo de 2017 a través de una entrevista semiestructurada con doce estudiantes del curso de pregrado en enfermería. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo después de observar todos los aspectos éticos y legales regulados por las Resoluciones nº 466/12. Resultados: Los estudiantes experimentan innumerables sentimientos, tales como, miedo, ansiedad, felicidad y frustraciones, además de la constante preocupación por relacionar la teoría y la práctica. Discusión: Las clases prácticas son momentos de transformación en cuanto al modo de actuar y pensar de los estudiantes, es el momento en el que adquieren experiencias que los acompañarán durante toda su vida profesional. Conclusiones: Durante las clases prácticas los estudiantes pasan por momentos de aflicción, pero también de aprendizaje, por lo que es necesario repensar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en este contexto.
IDENTITY AS A PHENOMENON OF THE POSTMODERN AGE
Authors: Stepyko Mykhailo
Published: January 2020

This article has analyzed the influence of postmodern practices on the development and functioning of nation states, their culture and identity. It is shown that postmodernism is largely determined by the processes of globalization as the current defining civilizational progress, the content of which is the growing interconnection and interdependence of national economies, political and socio-cultural systems, as well as the identity of universalistic practices of regulating the activity of subjects of world-system relations in different spheres of being.
It was found that one of the problematic consequences of postmodernism is the radical transformation of traditional structures and principles of self-identification, both collective and personal wherever they happen, and whatever the institutional, cultural layers of society and patterns of behavior affect people. Close coexistence and even interpenetration of completely different, sometimes mutually exclusive, and sometimes simply disjointed value scales lead to total relativization of everything and everybody when even personal and collective identities lose the quality of metaphysical constants and are perceived as an unfinished project. That is why a person of the postmodern age is deprived of self-certainty. Therefore, there is a great need to rethink the content and consequences of postmodern practices of blurring traditional identities and the emergence of new ones, the role of the state in preserving and protecting the values, contents, ideals, cultural models and language that shape and reproduce the nation.
It is concluded that in post-totalitarian states of the European space (including Ukraine), processes of globalization and post-modern practices create two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, globalization unifies, internalizes and westernizes all aspects of society. On the other hand, in the way of bringing the elements of modern democracy into the life of the post-totalitarian state, globalization stimulates the processes of cultural and spiritual revival and the desire to form the collective «We», affirm its identity and individuality through consolidation around a common history, language, culture, values and orientations, life strategies. In Ukraine, it is also a consolidation of the efforts of all its citizens to repel Russian aggression, protect the sovereignty and independence of the state, integrate into European and Euro-Atlantic structures, achieve well-being for all citizens. Ukraine, as the newest unfinished civilization project, has all prospectives of avoiding the pitfalls of both «melting pot» and multiculturalism, as well as postmodern problems, since most of them have not yet attained a broad realization in its territory.
Persistent Palatal Ulcerations. A Potential Manifestation of Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz J , Islam MN , Cha S , Saleh W , Guelmann M
Published: January 2020

Oral ulcerations in children and adolescents is a common occurrence and affects about 20-30% of this population. This case report describes a unique and serious autoimmune condition that presented with distinct oral findings that significantly supported the differential diagnosis of Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a 15 year-old female. Pediatric and general dentists should familiarize themselves with the condition to facilitate diagnosis with collaborative efforts with the medical team
Age aspects of the course of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma in children (clinical and immunological characteristics)
Authors: Vlasova Galina V. , Pavlov Pavel V.
Published: January 2020

Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is the disease, the course and prognosis of which can not be considered without taking into account the patients age. In pediatric otorhinolaryngology, such patients require special attention due to the aggressiveness of cholesteatoma in children. The rapid growth and a high number of recurrences after surgical treatment are features of the course of this disease in children. The causes of the aggressiveness of this disease in children have not been studied. Objective: to identify clinical and immunological features in children with middle ear cholesteatoma in different age groups that contribute to the aggressive course of the disease. A retrospective analysis of 143 medical case reports of children from 1 to 17 years old who received surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma was carried out in the Department of othorhinolaryngology (St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University) from 2000 to 2018. Comparative analysis of clinical manifestation, anamnesis of ear disease, concomitant diseases, immunological reactivity (the content of lymphocytes, their subpopulations and interleukin-2 in peripheral blood) and results of surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma in different age groups has been performed. Cholesteatoma is more aggressive in young children. Frequent infections of the upper respiratory tract, eustachian tube dysfunctions, immune disorders in children under 7 years of age lead to an unfavorable course and prognosis of middle ear cholesteatoma.
Evaluation of simple International ovarian tumor analysis ultra sound rules in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and their histopathological correlation
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Arora Neetu , Acharya Rajiv , Gupta Vineeta , Sharma Anshu , Saxena Namrata , Thakur Brijesh , Sharma Rohit
Published: January 2020

Background: IOTA (International ovarian tumor analysis) study is considered one of the largest studies on ultrasound diagnosis of ovarian pathology conducted in literature till date. It was started in 1999 and included nine European countries. It is a standardized technique for preoperative classification of ovarian pathology defined by IOTA group.Methods: A retrospective study was analyzed from a period of January 2016 to December 2017 (2-year period). The records of all the patients operated for benign and malignant ovarian pathology in the gynae department of hospital were retrieved from medical record sections. USG findings were redefined as per IOTA simple rules by sonologist and its histopathological correlation was done using kappa statistical method.Results: In the present study, out of 61 patients IOTA was applicable to 57 patients. The sensitivity where IOTA simple rules were applicable was 92.8% and the specificity was 93%. The accuracy turned out to be 92.9%. If inconclusive results were taken as malignant then sensitivity increased to 94% and specificity decreased to 87%. Good level of agreement was found between sonological and histopathological findings with Kappa statistics application (K = 0.59).Conclusions: The IOTA simple rules can be considered as an important diagnostic modality in differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tumors, it has an added advantage of abolishing the subjectivity of routine ultrasound. However inconclusive results demand further expertise in the field and need to be taken care of before interpretation of ovarian pathologies.
Study of fetal doppler velocimetry versus non stress test as predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies
Authors: K. Hymavathi , P. Prasuna , Rani Davuluru Sandhya
Published: January 2020

Background: Pregnancy is a unique, physiologically normal event in a women’s life. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the doppler velocimetry versus non stress test in relation to perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital. 100 women with high risk pregnancy were recruited. All were examined systematically, and Doppler velocimetry and non-stress test were done.Results: All cases were divided into four groups based on NST and doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery. 10% of women had abnormal doppler. Middle cerebral artery doppler abnormality was noted in 3% and CPR abnormality in 3% of women in the study group. 15% had abnormal NST. In Group A, out of 88 patients 9 had fetal compromise. In Group B, out of 5 patients all had fetal compromise. In Group C, out of 4 patients none had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 patients had fetal compromise. In Group D, all 3 had neonatal deaths. Average birth weights in Group A was 2.7 kg, in Group B was 2 kg, in Group C was 2.5 kg, in Group D was 1.4 kg. Two (2.2%) newborn in Group A, 4 (80%) newborns in Group B, 3 (100%) in Group had Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes. 4 (4.5%) babies in Group A, 5 (100%) babies in Group B, 3 (100%) babies in Group D were admitted in NICU. Umbilical artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 46.6%, specificity - 94%, PPV - 93%, NPV - 54%. Middle cerebral artery doppler was found to have sensitivity 73.3%, specificity - 90%, PPV - 91.6%, NPV- 69.3%.Conclusions: In present study, highest percentage of perinatal complications and perinatal deaths were seen in groups with abnormal tests of NST and velocimetry. Group D had the worst perinatal outcome.
Role of age of incidence, parity, body mass index and socioeconomic class in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Nimbark Neha A.
Published: January 2020

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologial malignancy in world. The main aim is to study epidemiological factors of Ca body uterus in our hospital. The present study was designed to evaluate the age of incidence of carcinoma body uterus and study role of parity, body mass index and socioeconomic class in carcinoma body.Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 cases of endometrial carcinoma who were treated in a single unit of the hospital from April 2010 to March 2012 (2 years) conducted at the department of gynaecological oncology G. C. R. I., Ahmedabad. Observational study was done. All these data were combined and tabulated in frequency table simple percentage analysis is used for frequency and percentage analysis is applied to create a contingency table from the frequency distribution and represent the collected data for better understanding. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all variable.Results: Maximum number of patients were in age group of 50-59 years. Mean age was 58 years. Maximum patients were multiparous (54%). 4 patients were nulligravida (9%). 70% were overweight and obese. Majority of patients (72%) belong to middle and higher socio-economic class.Conclusions: It was noted that the incidence for ca endometrium is related to age, parity, BMI and socioeconomic class at our centre.
A case of postmenopausal bleeding with an unusual finding
Authors: Rudra Samar , Thakur Manasi Mukund
Published: January 2020

Authors report the case of a 55-year-old patient who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. On clinical evaluation uterus was 12 weeks size with a left sided adnexal cystic mass of 8 × 6 cm size. Further imaging studies revealed uterus size of 11.5 × 6.7 × 6.3 cm, left ovarian mass of size 8.4 × 6.7 × 6 cm and endometrial thickness of 17 mm on ultrasonography. She underwent endometrial biopsy to exclude endometrial cancer. The report of which came to be endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Further MRI study confirmed the findings of USG of a complex cystic lesion of left adnexa 75 × 57 × 60 mm. Tumor marker for ovarian tumors were sent and inhibin B was found to be markedly raised. A provisional diagnosis of GCT (Granulosa cell tumour) was made and staging laparotomy was done. The uterus was found to be 12 × 8 cm size and a left sided ovarian cyst of 8-9 cm size with smooth wall and intact capsule was found. Patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
Hyperreactio leuteinalis: benign tumour associated with pregnancy mimicking ovarian malignancy
Authors: Tarannum Nazli , Akhtar Nishat
Published: January 2020

Hyperreactio leuteinalis refers to pregnancy related enlargement of B/L ovaries rarely unilateral ovary, moderate to marked size due to multiple theca leutein cysts. It is a rare finding associated with pregnancy seen commonly in multiple gestation, GTDs and fetal abnormalities: viz hydrops. It is caused by elevated B-hcg level. We report a case of 28 years old female, primi with 13 spontaneously conceived weeks pregnancy who presented to ANC OPD for regular check-up and vague abdominal discomfort. USG revealed a large right sided ovarian mass, solid cystic in appearance pushing the uterus to left side and upwards. Staging laparotomy was done at 14 weeks viewing it to be a malignant mass. Unilateral right sided oophorectomy was done along with biopsy taken from left ovary. On microscopic histological examination diagnosis of hyperreactio leuteinalis unilateral ovary was made. Hyperreactio leuteinalis mimicking ovarian malignancy on USG results in unnecessary surgical intervention.