bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embracing the AI/automation age: preparing your workforce for humans and machines working together
Authors: Tenakwah Emmanuel Senior , Watson Chrystie
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to highlight the crucial role of strategic human resource management and leadership in preparing workforces for the artificial intelligence (AI) and automation age.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a conceptual approach, reviewing existing literature, drawing insights from industry experts, and real-world examples to develop a framework for preparing and sustaining workforces for the AI era.

Findings

The paper finds that successfully integrating AI and automation in the workforce requires a proactive and strategic approach from HR leaders, emphasising the critical importance of aligning AI and automation strategies with overall business goals through strategic workforce planning. Developing an AI-literate and adaptable workforce is crucial for embracing AI-driven changes, necessitating the creation of new AI-centric roles and career pathways, innovative job models, and comprehensive upskilling programs. HR must act as a translator between humans and machines, fostering seamless collaboration, addressing cultural and ethical implications, and leading the charge.

Research limitations/implications

The paper relies primarily on conceptual arguments and anecdotal evidence from industry experts.

Practical implications

The paper provides actionable insights for HR leaders to foster sustainable AI transitions within workforces.

Social implications

The paper highlights the potential social implications such as job displacement concerns and the need for reskilling and upskilling initiatives. It emphasises the importance of proactively addressing these concerns through clear communication, job security measures, and learning and development opportunities.

Originality/value

The paper offers a fresh perspective on the role of HR in the AI era, positioning HR leaders as strategic enablers of sustainable human-machine collaboration. It synthesises insights from various sources to provide a comprehensive framework for workforce preparation, emphasising the importance of aligning AI adoption with workforce development initiatives.
Divergent resource‐use strategies of encroaching shrubs: Can traits predict encroachment success in tallgrass prairie?
Authors: Wedel Emily R. , Ratajczak Zak , Tooley E. Greg , Nippert Jesse B.
Published: December 2024

Changes in climate and land management over the last half‐century have favoured woody plants native to grasslands and led to the rapid expansion of woody species. Despite this being a global phenomenon, it is unclear why some woody species have rapidly expanded while others have not. We assessed whether the most abundant woody encroaching species in tallgrass prairie have common growth forms and physiology or unique traits that differentiate their resource‐use strategies.

We characterized the abundance, above‐ground carbon allocation, and leaf‐level physiological and structural traits of seven woody encroaching species in tallgrass prairie that span an order of magnitude in abundance. To identify species‐specific increases in abundance, we used a 34‐year species composition dataset at Konza Prairie Biological Station (Central Great Plains, USA). We then compared biomass allocation and leaf‐level traits to determine differences in carbon and water use strategies among species.

While all focal species increased in abundance over time, encroachment in this system is primarily driven by three species: Cornus drummondii, Prunus americana and Rhus glabra. The most dominant species, Cornus drummondii, had the most extreme values for several traits, including the lowest leaf:stem mass ratios, lowest photosynthetic capacity and highest turgor loss point.

Two of the most abundant species, Cornus drummondii and Rhus glabra, had opposing growth forms and resource‐use strategies. These species had significantly different above‐ground carbon allocation, leaf‐level drought tolerance and photosynthetic capacity. There were surprisingly few interspecific differences in specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, suggesting these traits were poor predictors of species‐level encroachment.

Synthesis. Woody encroaching species in tallgrass prairie encompass a spectrum of growth forms and leaf physiology. Two of the most abundant woody species fell at opposite ends of this spectrum. Our results suggest niche differences among a community of woody species facilitate the rapid encroachment by a few species. This study shows that woody encroaching species do not conform to a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ strategy, and a diversity of growth forms and physiological strategies may make it more challenging to reach management goals that aim to conserve or restore grassland communities.
Plant traits attributable to endemism in persimmons (Ebenaceae: Diospyros spp.) throughout Asia analyzed using phenotypic approaches
Authors: Rindyastuti Ridesti , Azrianingsih Rodiyati , Junaedi Decky Indrawan , Arumingtyas Estri Laras
Published: December 2024

Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) is an indigenous plant group consisting of persimmons and ebony, which play essential ecological roles in tropical and subtropical vegetation communities. Understanding endemism attributes will significantly contribute to biological perspectives and recommendations for species conservation. The purpose of this study is to identify the morphological traits of Diospyros attributable to endemism that indicate low competition, constraints of reproduction and dispersion, and specific adaptation to the environment. To do so, we performed trait filtering based on apomorphic principles. We identified 12 endemism attributes that were obtained from synapomorphic analysis of phenetic clusters, trait filtering of island endemism, and trait filtering of endemism categories. Based on the phenetic cluster analysis, six traits are attributed to endemism, namely, sericeous twigs, the absence of bark lenticels, leaf width 2–5 cm, fruit length and diameter 5–7 cm, seed width 1.5–2 cm, and hard‐textured fruits. Trait filtering of island endemism strongly indicated that subcordate leaf tips were related to the endemism to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Five plant traits obtained from trait filtering of island endemism are sericeous fruit and calyx trichomes (Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands), odorless fruits (Sulawesi), nonfleshy fruits (Bornean), and flat fruit calyces (Moluccan). Of the endemism categories, we obtained a leaf width of 2–5 cm as the attributable trait. Vegetative traits inherent to endemism indicated the specific adaptation to particular environments, while reproductive traits indicated seed dispersal limitations. Conclusively, species descriptions that were analyzed using phenotypic approaches provided important information on the endemism‐related aspects of the Diospyros genus.
Effect of Salinity Stress on Gut–Brain–Gonad Axis in the Red‐Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Zhang Qiongyu , Li Na , Tang Xue , Chen Hanru , Hong Meiling , Ding Li
Published: December 2024

The red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) can adapt to brackish water, which can endanger its biodiversity. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are essential for establishing and maintaining spermatogenesis and are regulated by the gut–brain–gonad axis. However, the effect of salinity on SSCs is unclear. We investigated the influence of salinity stress on the composition of the gut microbiota in T. s. elegans to determine whether it regulates SSC self‐renewal and differentiation via the gut–brain–gonad axis. Three salinity groups (0‰, 5‰, and 10‰) were used in this study, and samples were obtained after 6 months of feeding. The mRNA expression of self‐renewing genes (GFRα‐1, RAS, and ERK) and meiotic initiation genes (RARα, NRG3, and ERBB4) in SSCs decreased with increasing salinity, indicating that salinity affects renewal and differentiation. In addition, harmful bacteria such as Enterococcus and Clostridium were increased in the S10 group, and lower levels of g_norank_f_Eubacteriaceae were negatively associated with γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), whereas higher Turicibacter levels were positively associated with GABA levels, resulting in increased GABA content in the S5 group. The results show that salinity affects the secretion of neurotransmitters in the brain and negatively regulates the synthesis of reproductive hormones by changing the composition of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites, which affect SSC function. In conclusion, salinity influences the reproductive ability of T. s. elegans through the gut–brain–gonad axis. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the adaptation of T. s. elegans to brackish water.
Functional Characterization of SLC2A3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Unraveling Its Role in Ferroptosis and Inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Lin Zhiping , Li Peng , Wang Chaojun , Tan Hongchang
Published: December 2024

Background

Hence, we investigated that the function and effects of SLC2A3 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen to induce mice model of RA.

Results

The expression of serum SLC2A3 was down‐regulated, and was negative correlation with CRP, RF or anti‐CCP in patients with RA. In mice model of RA, SLC2A3 mRNA and protein expression in joint tissue were reduced. Sh‐SLC2A3 promoted RA and inflammation in mice model. SLC2A3 promoted cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells in vitro model of RA. SLC2A3 reduced ferroptosis in vitro model or mice model of RA. SLC2A3 induced Tiam1 protein expression, and SLC2A3 protein linked with Tiam1 protein in model of RA. Tiam1 reduced the effects of sh‐SLC2A3 on RA and inflammation in mice model. Tiam1 inhibitor the effects of SLC2A3 on osteogenic differentiation and ferroptosis in vitro model of RA.

Conclusions

Collectively, SLC2A3 reduced inflammation levels and ferroptosis through the inactivation of mitochondrial damage by Tiam1 in model of RA, could serve as a potent therapeutic agent for alleviating RA.
Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition Inhibitor‐Induced Edema
Authors: Oyakawa Takuya , Miura Keita , Muraoka Nao , Iida Kei , Fujita Ayano , Naito Tateaki , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: December 2024

The effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (MET) inhibitor‐induced edema remain unclear. In a patient with tepotinib‐induced edema and an N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) level ≥ 300 pg/mL, the addition of empagliflozin to loop diuretics reduced the edema. This suggests that empagliflozin may be a treatment option for MET inhibitor‐induced edema.
Prevention of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: institutional insights from a retrospective study
Authors: Chang YS , Nanayakkara S , Yaacoub A , Cox SC
Published: December 2024

Background

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious, debilitating condition of the jaw bones. Dental extraction is the most significant independent risk factor for MRONJ. This interim study aimed to evaluate the demographics, medical data and outcomes of patients at risk for MRONJ who underwent dental extractions in a dedicated MRONJ clinic following a risk reduction protocol at a large public dental clinic in New South Wales Health.

Methods

A retrospective study analysed demographic and clinical data of patients at risk for MRONJ who underwent dental extractions between March 2020 and April 2024.

Results

Data from 329 at‐risk patients who underwent 836 dental extractions were included. Most patients were women (75.1%) with a median age of 74 years (IQR 67–80). The primary indication for medications was osteoporosis (85.4%), with Denosumab being the most frequently prescribed (66.9%). Eighteen patients (5.5%) developed MRONJ at 8 weeks of follow‐up. Patients categorized as high‐risk had a higher incidence of MRONJ (72.2%) compared to the low‐risk group (22.2%).

Conclusion

This study is the first retrospective audit carried out after implementing preventive protocols in this dedicated MRONJ clinic. The higher incidence of MRONJ in patients classified as ‘high risk’ underscores the importance of considering individual risk factors in their treatment.
Associations between pre‐operative iron deficiency and postoperative infection in patients undergoing major surgery (CARIPO): a prospective observational study
Authors: Campfort Maëva , Perrault Tristan , Blanchard‐Daguet Aymeric , Rineau Emmanuel , Lasocki Sigismond
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, is common during the peri‐operative period. It has been hypothesised that pre‐operative iron deficiency is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative infection. We designed the CARIPO prospective observational study to assess the incidence of postoperative infection in patients with and without iron deficiency undergoing a variety of major surgeries.

Methods

We conducted a single‐centre study in a tertiary, university‐affiliated hospital in France. Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin < 100 μg.l‐1 or < 300 μg.l‐1 with a transferrin saturation < 20%. The primary outcome was incidence of any postoperative infectious complication measured at 90 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of individual infectious complications: surgical site infection; bacteraemia; pneumonia; urinary tract infection; peripheral line‐associated bacterial infection; and all‐cause postoperative complication.

Results

We recruited 390 patients. Of these, 170 (44%) had pre‐operative iron deficiency and 220 (66%) were iron replete; 27 (16%) patients in the iron deficient group developed a postoperative infection compared with 26 (12%) in the iron replete group (p = 0.25). Surgical site infections occurred in 11 (7%) iron deficient patients and 3 (1%) iron replete patients (p = 0.01). Other types of infectious complication and all‐cause postoperative complication were similar between groups.

Discussion

Iron deficiency was not associated with a higher rate of postoperative infection relative to an iron replete state. While iron deficiency was associated with a higher rate of surgical site infection, this result is hypothesis‐generating, and further prospective studies are required.
The Benefits of Licensed Midwifery and Community Birth Among BIPOC Birthing People in New Mexico
Authors: Rivera Raquel Z. , Cadena Micaela Lara , Gutfreund Jess F. , Dodge Esperanza
Published: December 2024

Background

Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) families comprise a disproportionately low percentage of home and freestanding birth center births in New Mexico (NM), despite NM Medicaid coverage of care by Licensed Midwives (LMs) in these settings. The purpose of this study was to examine why low income BIPOC seek out LM care, how they benefit from this model of care, and which factors facilitate and obstruct access.

Methods

We conducted 7 focus groups with 55 low income BIPOC individuals who had birthed in New Mexico in the past 5 years. Participants in four of the groups intended to birth with an LM in the community setting; participants in three of the groups intended to birth in a hospital.

Results

Prior negative birthing experiences at hospitals were the most‐often discussed reason for choosing LM care. The aspects of LM care most commonly described as beneficial were: (1) the high quality of one‐to‐one individualized and holistic care offered by LMs, as well as (2) the respectfulness of care received. Medicaid coverage of LM care and special payment allowances made by LMs were cited as two important facilitators of access to LM care. Barriers to care included the lack of general awareness of LM care, the persisting stigma against community birth, the small number of LMs, and payment and insurance coverage challenges.

Conclusion

LM care is beneficial for many families seeking respectful and accessible care, especially in underserved areas. BIPOC birthing individuals' reflections on their experiences with LM care provide valuable information that should be considered when designing and revising perinatal care systems and policies with the intent of increasing access to high‐quality maternal and newborn care in New Mexico and, more generally, the United States.
Human Brain Organoids Model Abnormal Prenatal Neural Development Induced by Thermal Stimulation
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Yufan , Chen Xingyi , Hong Yuan , Zhang Xu , Hu Hao , Han Xiao , Zou Xiao , Xu Min , Zhu Wanying , Liu Yan
Published: December 2024

The developing human foetal brain is sensitive to thermal stimulation during pregnancy. However, the mechanisms by which heat exposure affects human foetal brain development remain unclear, largely due to the lack of appropriate research models for studying thermal stimulation. To address this, we have developed a periodic heating model based on brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The model recapitulated neurodevelopmental disruptions under prenatal heat exposure at the early stages, providing a paradigm for studying the altered neurodevelopment under environmental stimulation. Our study found that periodic heat exposure led to decreased size and impaired neural tube development in the brain organoids. Bulk RNA‐seq analysis revealed that the abnormal WNT signalling pathway and the reduction of G2/M progenitor cells might be involved in heat stimulation. Further investigation revealed increased neural differentiation and decreased proliferation under heat stimulation, indicating that periodic heat exposure might lead to abnormal brain development by altering key developmental processes. Hence, our model of periodically heating brain organoids provides a platform for modelling the effects of maternal fever on foetal brain development and could be extended to applications in neurodevelopmental disorders intervention.
Scutellarin Alleviates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cellular Senescence via the Ezh2‐Nrf2 Signalling Axis in Diabetes‐Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Chen Jiehao , Qu Bo , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is no specific treatment for diabetes‐induced osteoporosis (DOP). Our study identified diabetes‐induced cellular senescence, marked by elevated activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase. Targeting senescent cells holds promise for osteoporosis treatment. We demonstrated that scutellarin (SCU) effectively mitigated bone loss in DOP mice, and co‐treatment with SCU significantly reduced diabetes‐induced senescence in LepR+MSCs. Furthermore, our research highlighted the role of Nrf2 in SCU's anti‐senescence effects on bone. The deletion of Nrf2 impaired SCU's ability to alleviate DOP. Mechanistically, SCU enhances Ezh2 expression and increases H3K27me3 activity at the Keap1 promoter region, leading to Keap1 repression and enhanced Nrf2‐ARE signalling. Additionally, SCU notably inhibited cellular senescence and diabetes‐related osteoporosis, these effects were significantly reduced in Ezh2LepRcre conditional knockout models. These findings suggest that the Ezh2‐Nrf2 signalling axis is crucial for mediating SCU's beneficial effects in this context. Overall, our discoveries provide insights into the mechanisms underlying DOP and propose a potential preventive strategy for this condition.
Filling in socio‐ecological knowledge gaps to support marine spatial planning in data‐scarce areas: Example from Zanzibar
Authors: Virtanen Elina A. , Käyhkö Niina , Khamis Zakaria , Muhammad Muhammad Juma , Muumin Hashim , Habib Mohammed , Karvinen Ville , Lappalainen Juho , Koskelainen Meri , Kulha Niko , Viitasalo Markku
Published: December 2024

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is one of the most important tools for ensuring sustainable use of marine areas. Although MSP is a well‐established method, its adoption in rapidly developing countries is a challenge. One of the main concerns is data adequacy, as the MSP process typically requires a large amount of spatial data on human activities, biodiversity, and socio‐ecological interactions within the planning area. Drawing from an institutional cooperation project in Zanzibar, Tanzania, we share our experience and demonstrate how to fill in socio‐ecological data gaps to support the development of MSP in areas with limited data availability. We developed a rapid and cost‐effective system for collecting biological data, which, together with remote sensing and place‐based participatory mapping, helped formulate the first pilot ecologically informed MSP for Zanzibar. By sharing our results and experiences, we aim to provide best practices, lessons learned, and recommendations for future projects with a similar ecological setting and socio‐economic context.
Evaluating Readability and Reliability of Online Information Provided by Pancreas Transplant Centers in the United States
Authors: Villani Vincenzo , Shanmugarajah Kumaran
Published: December 2024

Background

The decision of proceeding with a pancreas transplant (PTx) is a complex one, and patient education is important to allow transplant candidates to make an informed and autonomous decision. In this study, we assessed the readability and reliability of online information provided by PTx centers in the United States.

Methods

Websites of PTx centers active between 2022 and 2023 were searched for patient information on pancreas transplantation. Readability was assessed using eight validated formulas. Reliability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association criteria.

Results

Of 117 PTx centers, 57 provided online information material. High‐volume centers were more likely to provide patient information compared to medium‐ and low‐volume centers (76.6%, 45.6%, 34.6%, respectively). Average readability was at the 11th grade and beyond, with no difference among the three groups (11.9, 11.4, 11.4). Reliability was low, with two centers providing information on the material sources. Only one center provided information in a language other than English.

Conclusions

Readability of online material on PTx provided by US transplant centers is low, well above the recommended 6th grade‐level. Transplant centers, national societies and patient advocacy groups should collaborate in developing information material that is evidence‐based, easy to read, and available in multiple languages.
University Strategies for Addressing Democratic and Migration Cases
Authors: Ul Hassan Mehboob , Hussain Abid , Rashid Khalid , Nawaz Muhammad Hameed
Published: December 2024

This interdisciplinary research explores the complex interplay between democratic erosion and migration crises, recognising their profound implications for social cohesion. With universities serving as bastions of knowledge and inclusion, their role in addressing these challenges is paramount. By implementing targeted programs and initiatives, universities actively contribute to mitigating the adverse effects of these crises and promoting social cohesion within their campuses and surrounding communities. The research objectives encompass a comprehensive examination of existing strategies and programs implemented by universities worldwide, focusing on identifying successful approaches and practices. Additionally, the study seeks to uncover the underlying challenges and obstacles faced by universities in effectively addressing democratic and migration crises, ranging from institutional constraints to sociopolitical factors. Universities hold significant sway in shaping policy discourse and influencing decision‐making processes at local, national, and international levels. Through rigorous research methodologies, including mixed‐methods approaches involving qualitative case studies and large‐scale surveys, this study aims to provide nuanced insights into the root causes and consequences of democratic erosion and migration crises. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing scholarly understanding in the fields of democratic governance, human mobility, and social cohesion. By offering actionable insights and innovative solutions, it strives to empower policymakers, practitioners, and affected communities to effectively navigate and address these complex challenges, fostering resilience and harmony in societies worldwide.
Examining Teachers' Classroom Practices in the Context of Computational Thinking Skills: A Q Method Study
Authors: Kılıç Sümeyra Meryem , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to examine teachers' classroom practices in the context of computational thinking skills and to determine their views on computational thinking. In the research process, the Q method was used in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used together. The participants of the research consist of 48 primary school teachers. The socioeconomic level of the environment of the schools where they work, professional seniority and gender variables of the teachers in the participants were collected. It was determined that teachers approached computational thinking skills positively, but they did not fully use the subdimensions of computational thinking skills in their classroom practices. It was determined that abstraction, which is seen as the most important dimension of computational thinking skills in the literature, was not consciously used by teachers in their classroom practices.
BAY 81‐8973 Demonstrates Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy in Children With Severe Haemophilia A: Results From the LEOPOLD Kids Extension Study
Authors: Ljung Rolf , Chan Anthony K. C. , Ahuja Sanjay P. , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Marquez Jose Francisco Cabre , Volk Florian , Blanchette Victor , Kerlin Bryce A. , Trakymiene Sonata Saulyte , Glosli Heidi , Kenet Gili
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To report the long‐term safety and efficacy of BAY 81‐8973 in the LEOPOLD Kids extension phase.

Methods

Patients received BAY 81‐8973 (25–50 IU/kg) at least twice weekly. The primary endpoint was safety, assessed in all patients who entered the extension phase (n = 82). Efficacy endpoints were assessed in patients without high‐titre inhibitors/immune tolerance induction (n = 67).

Results

Children (n = 82) received BAY 81‐8973 for a median of 3.1 years per patient and a median of 405 exposure days per patient. Long‐term BAY 81‐8973 treatment was well tolerated, with no cases of de novo inhibitor development in the extension phase. Annualised bleeding rates (ABRs) within 48 h of prophylaxis were low for all bleeds (median [IQR], 0.7 [0–1.9]; mean, 1.4 [SD, 2.1]) and for joint bleeds (median [IQR], 0 [0–0.7]; mean, 0.5 [SD, 1.1]) (n = 67). Twenty‐one of 67 patients (31.3%) had zero bleeds within 48 h of prophylaxis; the treatment response was ‘good’/‘excellent’ in 87.9% of bleeds, and most bleeds resolved with ≤ 2 BAY 81‐8973 infusions (83.5%).

Conclusion

Long‐term BAY 81‐8973 treatment is well tolerated and maintains low ABRs for all bleeds and joint bleeds in children with severe haemophilia A.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01311648
A rare cause of acute kidney injury due to recurrent rhabdomyolysis: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency
Authors: Ozkan Kurtgoz Pervin , Karakose Suleyman , Guney Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

The most common cause of rhabdomyolysis is trauma. In the presence of rhabdomyolysis attacks triggered by heavy exercise and fever, hereditary causes should be investigated. In our study, a case was presented that developed rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency and then required hemodialysis treatment. We wanted to draw attention to hereditary rhabdomyolysis in this case. A 25‐year‐old male patient was hospitalized with pneumonia and acute kidney injury. On examination, muscle enzymes, creatinine, and potassium levels were high. The patient, who was evaluated as having rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury, underwent three sessions of hemodialysis treatment due to the indication for renal replacement therapy. He had a history of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury 5 years ago. The only trigger for both attacks was febrile infection. There was a history of acute kidney injury in two of his siblings in family history. In the gene analysis requested due to suspicion of hereditary causes, homozygous mutation was detected in CPT2 whole gene sequence analysis. Medium‐chain triglycerides, low‐fat diet, and L‐carnitine capsules were given for treatment. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency is the most common form of muscle fatty acid metabolism disorder. The phenotype of the patients can vary from severe infantile form to milder muscle form characterized by rhabdomyolysis. Cases requiring hemodialysis are very rare, so we wanted to present this case. Detection of hereditary rhabdomyolysis is important for preventing new attacks and preventive treatments.
Real‐world efficacy of radiomics versus clinical predictors for microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Large cohort study
Authors: Kinoshita Shotaro , Nakaura Takeshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Itoh Shinji , Ide Takao , Noshiro Hirokazu , Hamada Takashi , Kuroki Tamotsu , Takami Yuko , Nagano Hiroaki , Nanashima Atsushi , Endo Yuichi , Utsunomiya Tohru , Kajiwara Masatoshi , Miyoshi Atsushi , Sakoda Masahiko , Okamoto Kohji , Beppu Toru , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Noritomi Tomoaki , Baba Hideo , Eguchi Susumu
Published: December 2024

Aim

Microvascular invasion (MVI) affects the prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its preoperative diagnosis is challenging. Analysis of computed tomography (CT) images using radiomics can detect MVI, but its effectiveness depends on the imaging conditions. We compared the efficacies of radiomics, clinical, and combined models for predicting MVI in HCC using nonstandardized scanning protocols.

Methods

This multicenter study included 533 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC. Patients were divided randomly into training (n = 426) and test groups (n = 107). We manually extracted 3D CT features in hepatic arterial, portal venous, and venous phases. The radiomics model was trained by machine learning. A logistic regression model was developed based on clinical information, and a fused model was created integrating clinical information and radiomics prediction score (Rad_Score). We calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the radiomics, clinical, and mixed models in the test groups.

Results

The clinical model incorporated hepatitis B virus surface antigen, tumor diameter, and log‐transformed α‐fetoprotein and des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin. The AUCs of the radiomics and clinical models were comparable (p = 0.76). Rad_Score was not an independent significant factor in the fused model (p = 0.40) and its addition did not improve the accuracy of the clinical model alone (p = 0.51).

Conclusions

A clinical model is as effective as a CT radiomics model for predicting MVI status in patients with HCC based on real‐world scanning data, and integration of both models does not improve the predictive performance compared with a clinical model alone.
Properties comparison of dielectric ceramic parts manufactured by powder pressing and injection molding
Authors: Chen Z. , Li T. , Liew S. L. , Wang S. , Chen L.
Published: December 2024

Dual‐phase dielectric ceramic samples of Mg2SiO4/Ba(AlSiO4)2 were fabricated by ceramic injection molding (CIM), and they were systematically compared with the ones fabricated by conventional powder pressing (CP). It was found that by tuning the processing parameters, CIM samples with density, microstructure, grain size, and phase composition comparable with the CP counterparts can be produced. With optimized processing parameters, CIM samples with a relative density of 94.2% were accomplished, along with homogeneous phase distribution and uniform grain size. Meanwhile, satisfactory dielectric properties were also achieved (a dielectric constant of 6.67, a temperature coefficient of −0.94 ppm/°C, and a quality factor of 352,000 GHz). Moreover, a demonstrator with various blind holes and slots was fabricated by the CIM method, which exhibited good geometrical integrity, uniform microstructure, and consistent mechanical properties.
Structure and durability of opal crystallized glass plates
Authors: Brunswic Léa , Angeli Frédéric , Gautron Laurent , Charpentier Thibault , Gin Stephane , Asplanato Pierre , Kaya Huseyin , Kim Seong H.
Published: December 2024

An opal crystallized glass plate, obtained from the addition of fluorine to a soda‐lime base, has been structurally characterized and altered in food contact like conditions. The investigations on the pristine glass evidenced the nature of CaF2, BaF2, and NaF crystalline phases. Overall a continuum of fully vitreous to glass‐ceramic material was noticed with different morphology: the top surface that resembles a soda‐lime glass which was prepared as a slab and the highly crystallized bulk using powder. Powder and slab were altered together at 70°C in acetic acid 4% (v/v) imposing a pH of 2.4 for 231 days to 3 years. The bulk powder alteration was characterized by a predominant hydrolysis mechanism impacting the crystals and the glassy matrix, leaving no remaining altered layer at the surface whereas a 1.25 µm thick alteration layer was observed on the top surface of the plate after 231 days of alteration. The mechanisms for the formation of this altered layer as well as the differences between the powder, representative of the bulk opal crystallized glass, and the slab that remains the actual surface in contact with edibles are discussed in the article.
Inform Me or Make Me Laugh: Influencer Marketing and the Role of Emotional Contagion and Information Value
Authors: Kapoor Payal S. , Maggon Mohita , Gangwani Kishore Kumar
Published: December 2024

Influencers' humorous product usage anecdotes and story‐based informative collaborative content drive customers' emotional and cognitive responses. Accordingly, this study first examines the impact of humorous and informative content on emotional contagion and information value. Second, it examines the mediating role of emotional contagion and information value that shapes customers' brand engagement and purchase intentions. Third, it tests the boundary conditions imposed by product type. A multimethod quantitative approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Two online experiments and two exploratory studies in the form of a social media field experiment and a text analysis study were conducted. The results showed that humorous messages induced emotional contagion, while informative messages produced higher information value. Emotional contagion and information value explained the underlying mechanisms affecting customer brand engagement and purchase intentions. We also found that when employed for hedonic products, humorous messages precipitated stronger emotional responses, while for utilitarian products, informative messages led to higher information value. The study findings offer implications for marketers seeking to enhance customer brand engagement through influencer marketing.
Factors Affecting the Use of ChatGPT for Obtaining Shopping Information
Authors: Foroughi Behzad , Iranmanesh Mohammad , Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh , Wen Jun , Ghobakhloo Morteza , Senali Madugoda Gunaratnege , Annamalai Nagaletchimee
Published: December 2024

ChatGPT transforms the shopping experience by providing responses in human‐like language about products, services, and brands to customers. This study investigated the influential drivers of intention to use ChatGPT to obtain shopping information. We extended the “extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology” UTAUT2 by incorporating the direct and moderating effects of trust and technology anxiety. To test the model on data from 412 respondents, a hybrid Partial Least Squares—Artificial Neural Network (PLS‐ANN) approach was employed. This approach combines the strengths of PLS for modeling complex variable relationships and ANN for capturing nonlinear dependencies and interactions. PLS analysis identified performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and trust as significant drivers of ChatGPT usage. The associations between the intention to use ChatGPT and its predictors are negatively moderated by trust and technology anxiety. ANN analysis revealed that trust has the highest effect on the choice to use ChatGPT, followed by facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and effort expectancy. By extending the UTAUT2 framework and applying the PLS‐ANN method, this study advances the theoretical understanding of technology adoption and provides practical insights for marketers and developers of AI‐driven text generators. It emphasizes the importance of building trust and alleviating technology anxiety to promote wider adoption of ChatGPT. The broader significance of this research lies in its contribution to shaping the future of retail and e‐commerce strategies by encouraging a more informed and user‐centric development of AI technologies in the shopping domain.
Clinical outcomes of patients with non‐tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Chen Charlotte , Davies Rebecca , Lewis Christopher , Paynter Jennifer , Christmas Timothy , Nisbet Mitzi
Published: December 2024

This review of non‐tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease over an 11‐year period identified 87 patients (74% women, mean age 66 years). Mycobacterium avium complex was isolated in 86% of patients. Antibiotics were commenced in 52% of patients; however, treatment was poorly tolerated with 36% terminating prematurely. Mortality was significant; death occurred in 31% of patients, with no relationship between death and treatment.
Leaf and Crown Cuticular Wax Responses in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Plants Exposed to Ice Encasement
Authors: Chalise Devendra Prasad , Merewitz Emily
Published: December 2024

The plant cuticle, the outermost protective layer of most aboveground plant parts, serves as the first line of defence. While its role in various stress responses has been well‐studied, its role in ice encasement stress tolerance is unknown. This research aimed to investigate changes in cuticular wax on the leaves and crowns of annual bluegrass after different ice encasement durations (0, 40, and 60 days) and to analyse the relationships between wax levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), and recovery rate. A two‐year controlled environment study was conducted during 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 in East Lansing, MI, USA. Higher wax coverage was observed on leaves (61.89 μg cm−2) compared to crowns (7.64 μg cm−2). On average for leaves and crowns, the highest wax coverage was observed in the 0‐day treatment (41.10 μg cm−2), whereas the least was observed in the 60 days treatment (27.90 μg cm−2). The reduction on wax coverage was primarily due to C26‐hexacosanol. A strong negative correlation existed between wax coverage, malondialdehyde content, and electrolyte leakage, whereas wax coverage and recovery rate were strongly positively correlated, indicating that cuticular waxes may help protect against stress damage. Future research should explore these mechanisms further to develop effective strategies for alleviating winter stress in grass species.
Impact of Vertical Inter‐Implant Distance in Two Adjacent Single‐Unit Posterior Implants: A Retrospective Cohort Study With 1–8 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Gao Jiayu , Yang Yang , Yang Xingmei , Tang Xuemei , Qu Yili , Wu Yingying , Xiang Lin , Man Yi
Published: December 2024

Aim

To investigate the impact of different vertical interimplant distances (VIDs) on the long‐term success of two adjacent single‐unit implants.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study categorized implants into two groups based on VID: Group 1 (VID < 2 mm) and Group 2 (VID ≥ 2 mm). Further classification was done according to horizontal inter‐implant distance (HID). Statistical models were used to evaluate the primary outcome of implant survival, secondary outcomes of complication‐free survival rates and radiological findings.

Results

We included 290 patients with 376 two adjacent single‐unit implants. Group 1 included 223 patients with 280 implants, whereas Group 2 comprised 89 patients with 96 implants. The implant survival rates were 93.2% in Group 1 and 96.8% in Group 2 over the 8 years, with no significant association between the groups. Similarly, the overall complication‐free survival rates were 60.6% in Group 1 and 65.6% in Group 2, showing no significant association between the groups. Radiological assessments also showed no notable association between the groups. This trend was consistent in the subgroup analyses based on HID, with no significant differences in implant survival, complication‐free survival rates or radiological outcomes.

Conclusions

Considering the study limitations of an 8‐year post‐prosthetic review period and despite varying VIDs, our findings showed no significant difference in implant survival, complication‐free survival rates or radiological assessments. This underscores the positive prognosis of two adjacent single‐unit implants and contributes to a deeper understanding of the success factors in implantology.

Trial Registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300073215)
Training and Support Needs in Transitional Care From Hospital to Home of the Health Care Professional‐Caregiver‐Stroke Survivor Triad: A Meta‐Synthesis Study
Authors: Bartoli Davide , Lombardi Eleonora , Trotta Francesca , Macripo Sabrina , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Francesco Petrosino
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Stroke represents the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease and the first cause of disability in adults. Only 25% of stroke survivors fully recover, 75% survive with some form of disability, and half of them lose self‐sufficiency, negatively impacting their quality of life. This study aims to understand the experiences of stroke survivors and caregivers of training needs and support during the transitional care phase from hospital to home; it also investigates the experience of health care professionals (HCPs) of providing support and training to the dyad during this phase.

Methods

Meta‐synthesis was conducted following a critical‐interpretative approach. The SPIDER method was used for sample selection, and the PRISMA research question was adopted for article selection. The search for studies on CINAHL, Pubmed, Scopus, ERIC, PsycInfo and OVID was conducted until August 2024.

Results

Of the 1123 articles found, 32 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐synthesis. Text analysis revealed two main thematic areas: (1) the training need is a new awareness in the transition of care from hospital to home and (2) moulding oneself to new life. The first theme had six subthemes: need for information and training, uncertainty, involvement, evaluation of training needs, individual discharge planning and physical‐psychological problems. The second theme included three subthemes: different role perception, support after discharge and adaptation to change.

Conclusions

Knowing the training and support needs in the stroke survivor caregiver dyad guides HCPs to structure tailored discharge plans. Multi‐method and multidisciplinary training and support interventions such as health coaching, weekend passes and early supported discharge are satisfactory outcomes for the triad involved in the transition of care, as continuous feedback on the needs of the new reality at home fortifies the relationship between the dyad and HCPs. A transitional care pathway based on the dynamic needs of the triad can improve the quality of care in the community.
Navigating the Life‐Limiting Illness Journey: A Mixed‐Method Systematic Review of Advance Care Planning Experiences Among Healthcare Providers, Patients and Family
Authors: Pimsen Apiradee , Sumpuntharat Suparinya , Rodney Tamar , Wirojratana Virapun , Shu Bih‐Ching
Published: December 2024

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) enables individuals with life‐limiting illnesses to make decisions regarding future healthcare. It involves patients, families and healthcare providers in discussions on treatment preferences and end‐of‐life care. Understanding their experiences is key to improving ACP practice.

Aims

To systematically review and analyse the experiences of patients, families and healthcare providers with ACP for life‐limiting illnesses.

Design

This study employed a mixed‐methods systematic review (MMSR) with a convergent integrated approach.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ERIC, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science, as well as hand searches and reference list checking, for articles published between 2010 and August 2024. Two independent reviewers extracted and analysed the data using the JBI guidelines for MMSR.

Results

Of the 1405 citations, 26 studies involving 1599 participants (1076 patients, 398 healthcare providers and 125 family members) were included. The main findings highlight the importance of patient empowerment, family involvement and the integration of ACP into routine care. Eliminating barriers, such as lack of training, resource limitations and challenges with timing discussions, are essential for effective ACP implementation.

Conclusion

The MMSR emphasises the need for patient‐centred ACP that actively involves families and addresses systemic barriers. Early initiation, tailored emotional support and equitable care across conditions are crucial for an effective ACP.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

The MMSR highlights the importance of family involvement and enhanced training for healthcare providers in ACP, emphasising the need for emotional support and systemic changes to improve patient care. These improvements should include better educational programs and policies to ensure early, effective and equitable ACP discussions among various patient groups.

Impact

The MMSR underscores the need for structured ACP practices that are currently limited by insufficient training and vague guidelines. Early initiation of ACP discussions and inclusion of patient and family preferences are essential for improving care for individuals with life‐limiting conditions. These findings are vital for healthcare providers, policymakers and educators to implement more effective patient‐centred ACP approaches. Family involvement remains a key aspect, with the review advocating for a support system that empowers families to play an active role in ACP.

Reporting Methods

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.