bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL STATUS AND BURDEN OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS: ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT CONTROL PROGRAMS
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Profesional Education, Moscow, PRASKURNICHY EVGENY A. , MOROZOVA OLGA I. ,   State Research Center Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow
Published: October 2021

Correction of modifiable risk factors is the most promising direction of modern scientific research in the field of atrial fibrillation
IRON DEFICIENCY ASSOCIATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, SMIRNOVA MARINA P. , CHIZHOV PETR A. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, BARANOV ANDREY A. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, IVANOVA JULIA I. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, MEDVEDEVA TATIANA V. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia, PEGASHOVA MARINA A. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russia
Published: October 2021

Iron deficiency is a frequent comorbid condition in patients with chronic heart failure. At the same time, the factors contributing to iron deficiency in these patients are poorly understood.
SARCOIDOSIS. NEW COVID-19 INFECTION AND VACCINATION ISSUES
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, VIZEL ALEXANDER A. , VIZEL IRINA YU. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KOSTINOV MIKHAIL P. ,   Research institution of vaccines and serums named after Mechnikov, Russia, Moscow, AMIROV NAIL B. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2021

Aim.The aim of the study was to analyze the available publications devoted to the problem of the combination of the new infection COVID­19 and sarcoidosis, and the issues of vaccination in sarcoidosis. The urgency of the problem is dictated by the need to prevent infections in such granulomatosis as well as by the growing worldwide experience of vaccination against COVID­19. Material and methods. An analytical review of 50 publications in the scientific medical literature was performed. Results and discussion. A review of publications has shown that there is already an accumulation of data on the vaccination of sarcoidosis patients against other manageable infections. We did not come across any papers indicating that vaccinating sarcoidosis patients is dangerous. It remains intriguing to consider any antigenic factors as triggers of sarcoidosis in genetically predisposed individuals. But even from this point of view, an antigenically complete pathogen can play both the role of a trigger and the development of infection in a sarcoidosis patient with drug immunosuppression than a vaccine strain. Regarding vaccination in general and against COVID­19 in particular in advanced sarcoidosis is the statement that the patient should be vaccinated before the start of immunomodulating therapy. Conclusion. From the point of evidence­based medicine, the question of the safety and efficacy of vaccinating patients with sarcoidosis remains open. The current transnational position is based on the extrapolation of the experience with other vaccines for sarcoidosis and the use of COVID­19 vaccines for other diseases. Understanding COVID­19 as a severe life­threatening disease makes vaccination justified, the key position being to assess potential risks, to correct immunosuppressive therapy and, if possible, to vaccinate before the use of hormones and immunosuppressants.
INCREASING THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PREFERENTIAL DENTAL PROSTHETICS PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF CITIZENS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, Russia, SHAYMIEVA NAILYA I. , KHASANOV RUSTEM SH. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, Russia, OLESOVA VALENTINA N. ,   State Research Center Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Russia, Moscow
Published: October 2021

Background. The study is devoted to improving the medical and social effectiveness of the Privileged Dental Prosthetics Program for certain categories of citizens in the Republic of Tatarstan. Aim. The aim of the study was to develop new tactical approaches to implement a targeted program of dental prosthetics for certain groups of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan in the complete absence of teeth aimed at the introduction of modern treatment technologies.Material and methods. We applied a complex method using: method of expert evaluation of the Program of free dental prosthetics in the Republic of Tatarstan, method of organizational modeling for the development of new tactical approaches in the implementation of the Program, method of statistical cost prediction in comparing three approaches to dentures for edentulous mandibles at the expense of the Program. Analysis of aggregate data obtained in the calculation of the comparative economic efficiency of the traditional method, the use of dental implant quota and the introduction of the number of applications for the fabrication of a complete removable denture in persons over 60 years in the medium­term forecast of 10 years was conducted. Statistical processing was performed in MS Windows software. Results and discussion. At the level of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, when implementing the additional MHI program of free denture prosthetics for certain categories of citizens, tactical approaches have been introduced, implying a frequency of visits with complete removable prosthetics – once every three years, according to the service life of the prosthesis. Every year since 2015, an order has been issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Saving funds of the Program for this section of dental prosthetics reaches more than 8,8 million rubles (67%) per year. Rational use of the funds of the compulsory medical insurance program makes it possible to manufacture modern constructions with the use of dental implantation in 200 people a year. Conclusion. The developed tactical approaches of using the funds of the Territorial Program of Compulsory Medical Insurance for free dental prosthetics in the Republic of Tatarstan serve as a reserve for the introduction of modern technologies of treatment with the use of dental implants on edentulous jaws.
Method of integro-differential equations for interpreting the results of vertical electrical sounding of the soil
Authors: Koliushko D. G. , Rudenko S. S. , Saliba A. N.
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of determining the geoelectric structure of the soil within the procedure of testing the grounding arrangements of existing power plants and substations to the required depth in conditions of dense development. To solve the problem, it was proposed to use the Schlumbergers method , which has a greater sounding depth compared to the Wenner electrode array. The purpose of the work is to develop a mathematical model for interpreting the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger method in the form of a four-layer geoelectric structure. Methodology. To construct a mathematical model, it is proposed to use the solution of a particular problem about the field of a point current source, which, like the observation point, is located in the first layer of a four-layer soil. Based on this expressions, a system of linear algebraic equations of the 7-th order with respect to the unknown coefficients ai and bi was compiled. On the basis of its analytical solution, an expression for the potential of the electric field was obtained for conducting VES (the point current source and the observation point are located only on the soil surface). Results. Comparison of the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger installation and the interpretation of its results for the same points shows a sufficient degree of approximation: the maximum relative error does not exceed 9.7 % (for the second point), and the average relative error is 3.6 %. Originality. Based on the obtained expression, a test version of the program was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications to interpret the results of VES by the Schlumberger method. To check the obtained expressions, the interpretation of the VES results was carried out on the territory of a 150 kV substation of one of the mining and processing plants in the city of Kriviy Rih. Practical significance. The developed mathematical model will make it possible to increase the sounding depth, and, consequently, the accuracy of determining the standardized parameters of the grounding arrangements of power stations and substations.
A self-assessment methodology for improving the activity of a health resort based on the global model EFQM 2020.
Authors:   Saki Military Clinical Sanatorium named after N. I. Pirogov of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Dovgan I. A. , Zaika I. T. ,   Saki Military Clinical Sanatorium named after N. I. Pirogov of the Russian Ministry of Defense
Published: October 2021

Improving the quality of health resort services through effective management is one of the key tools to increase their competitiveness, which increases the demand, ensures year-round occupancy and increases their financial results. An independent assessment of the management system in a health resort and the publication of the results build the trust of guests as well as authorities and investors, which contributes to attracting investment in the resort and its sustainable development. Purpose of the study. This study develops a methodology for managing changes in accordance with standardized international criteria to improve the results and ensure the development of a health resort. Materials and methods. An express self-assessment of the health resort's management system was carried out by means of a questionnaire, which reveals the development level according to the most effective approaches within each criterion of the global model EFQM 2020. These criteria emphasize consumer priorities, sustainable values, the satisfaction of stakeholder needs, and the environment. The approaches characterizing the health resort’s activity, help to estimate the level of its maturity in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The results were used to plan improvements in the health resort's operations. In comparison with the results of past self-assessments, these results record the current state of the management system and demonstrate the levels of development and tendencies in work practices, showing possibilities for the development of the resort. To assess the activities of the health resort organization for each element of the model, four options for assessing the levels of maturity were selected. Conclusions. Express self-assessment gives a rapid assessment of the activities of health resorts based on the questionnaire and information supplied verbally. The results can be obtained within one day and can represent graphically the evaluation profile of the health resort. The method can be used in any health resort, regardless of its organization, ownership, or medical specialization. Indirectly, the methodology develops patient- and risk-oriented thinking among management, which forms a culture of quality and innovation in the health resort itself and in the professional community of organizations in order to contribute to the growth and prosperity of the spa industry in Russia as a whole. Improving the methodology of express self-assessment includes clarifying and adding statements to the questionnaire in relation to the best management practices of health resorts, new goals, objectives, and business technologies, as well as challenges at the regional and global levels.
Study of temporary losses of patients when receiving medical services in ambulatorypolyclinic conditions
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Pozdeeva T. V. , Pchelina N. V. ,   GBPOU NO «Arzamas Medical College»
Published: October 2021

The study of the patient’s temporary losses when receiving medical services in an outpatient clinic and their minimization contribute to an increase in patient satisfaction with the quality of medical care. Objective of the stud y: to assess the temporary losses of patients when visiting outpatient clinics of the city municipality. Methods and materials. The temporary losses of patients were studied by analyzing route maps compiled using a special technique. The analysis of the questionnaires made it possible to assess the patient’s satisfaction with the conditions of providing medical services, the information received in the healthcare institution and the attitude of the nursing staff to the visitor. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the programs Statistica 5.0 and Microsoft Office Excel. Results. As a result of the conducted research, significant time costs of patients were identified when receiving medical care in polyclinics of the district center: when visiting a district doctor, a registry, a treatment room and a laboratory, which directly affected the results of assessing their satisfaction with the temporary criteria for visiting a medical organization. Scope of the results. The data obtained during the study can be used as basic information when developing measures to optimize key processes in outpatient health care institutions.
Concerning the process of forming motivation to a healthy lifestyle
Authors:   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Vigdorchik Y. I.
Published: October 2021

The components of the concept of a healthy lifestyle, starting with the provisions presented in early sources, are considered from the standpoint of management. It was found that it is difficult to achieve the increase of the number of citizens leading a healthy lifestyle in the absence of clear criteria for the healthy lifestyle, since there is an objective difficulty in assessing the lifestyle of people. It is definitely necessary to formulate the basic principles for creating lists of criteria for healthy lifestyle in order to effectively motivate citizens for health-preserving behavior. The need was identified to update and expand a number of modern lists that are used to obtain information that serves as the basis for making managerial decisions in the field of public health protection at the strategic level based on the analysis of the main existing lists of criteria for a healthy lifestyle. It is proposed to create an individual list of criteria for a healthy lifestyle by forming a low-variability part using the traditional approach, and a high-variability part using the personalized approach. The formulated principles of compiling lists of criteria for a healthy lifestyle can be used in the system of motivating and stimulating citizens to health-preserving behavior, aimed at reducing the prevalence of known behavioral risk factors for diseases.
Minimum Clinically Important Difference
Authors: Karhade Aditya V. , Bono Christopher M. , Schwab Joseph H. , Tobert Daniel G.
Published: October 2021

➤ As the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is increasingly utilized in orthopaedic research and clinical practice, there is not a consensus regarding the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) calculation.

➤ The varied MCID calculation methods can lead to a range of possible values, which limits the translatability of research efforts.

➤ The completion rate and follow-up period also influence MCID values and should be reported alongside study results.
COVID-19 Masked by Pyogenic Lumbar Discitis and Bacteremia
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Takahashi Shinobu , Ishibe Tatsuya , Masuda Naoya
Published: October 2021

Case:

A 65-year-old man experienced backache, and 9 days later, he developed cellulitis in his left foot. On the 20th day, his body temperature was 37°C, and he had intermittent and shallow cough. On the 29th day, he was diagnosed with pyogenic lumbar discitis and bacteremia. Computed tomography examinations showed no evidence of pneumonia, but his cough persisted, and an elevated d-dimer level was observed. Finally, he tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Conclusions:

This case shows possible associations among COVID-19, venous thrombosis, cellulitis, and bacteremia. Other infections may coexist with COVID-19 and mask it.
Hormigas asociadas a fragmentos de bosque seco y ambientes urbanos de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Ramos Ortega Lina María , Sierra Hubert A. , Roncallo Jhoan D. , Guerrero Flórez Roberto José
Published: October 2021

Se presenta una base de datos de acceso público a través del Sistema de Información de Biodiversidad en Colombia (SIB), de las hormigas asociadas a fragmentos de bosque seco y ambientes urbanos de Santa Marta, Colombia. Los métodos de captura incluyeron la instalación de trampas de caída, cebos de proteína y carbohidratos, extracción por el método Winkler de las hormigas asociadas a la hojarasca y la recolección manual de aquellas que forrajeaban sobre la vegetación arbórea. El conjunto de datos contiene 54 323 registros, distribuidos en siete subfamilias, 42 géneros, 88 especies y nueve morfoespecies. El presente listado es una herramienta para incentivar el estudio y conservación de las hormigas en áreas urbanas.
The Effect of Mind Mapping Techniques on Writing Text Descriptions for Grade 7 Junior High School Students
Authors: Wartadinata Edo , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: October 2021

Teaching subject of English is a compulsory. English as a subject in school immediately improved all four of the abilities. The four abilities are: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of students of 7th Grade in SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo, especially at 7 E Class, who cannot reach minimum passing grade (KKM) caused by some lack in English lesson, specifically in writing ability of Descriptive text. Common obstacles students are facing are for example: Students cannot create their writing concept of descriptive about people, thing, places, and animals. This study attempted to answer the following research question (1) is there any significant effect of mind mapping technique on students’ writing of descriptive text at seventh grade of SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. In carrying this research, the researcher formulated the objectives of the study as follows: To find out the effect of mind mapping technique on students’ writing of descriptive text at 7th grade of SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo. Research method: The research design is pre-experimental research with quantitative approach, The population of this research were all students of 7E SMPN 1 Jabon Sidoarjo, The sample was seventh E class consisting of 32 students, The research instrument used in this research was test and the data collected through test was analyzed using T-test formula. The result showed that different of mean score of students’ writing before being taught using mind mapping technique was 57. Meanwhile, the mean score of students’ writing after being taught using mind mapping technique was 86,59. The finding showed that the mind mapping technique was effective to use in teaching writing descriptive text for it could improve students’ writing ability. This research has benefit in English Education study, especially for further research to enrich the resource
Water Saturation Calculation and Fracture Type Identification of a Buried Hill Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Li Zhaoping , Zhao Bin , Gao Chuqiao , Wu Jinbo
Published: October 2021

A buried hill reservoir is a special type of bedrock reservoir, in which fractures are the important reservoir space and main percolation path. However, due to the characteristics of the buried hill reservoir such as deep burial depth and high formation pressure, the fracture width of deep formation is generally in micron level, and the randomness of spatial development brings great difficulties to logging identification and reservoir parameter calculation. Based on the fracture porosity and saturation model of the dual pore model, this paper puts forward the theory of identifying fracture type of buried hill fractured reservoir by using conductivity efficiency. The results show that (1) the fracture angle has no effect on the conductivity efficiency. And we cannot distinguish a high-angle fracture from a low-angle fracture by conductivity efficiency. (2) The values of porosity and water saturation are not directly related to the conductivity efficiency. But porosity and water saturation will affect the connectivity of water in the reservoir and indirectly affect the conductivity efficiency. (3) The conductivity efficiency of the network fracture is usually less than that of the dissolution fracture.
Tectonic-Lithofacies Paleogeography and Sizeable Reservoir Potential in the Early Cambrian Postrift Depressed Carbonate Ramp, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhu Yongjin , Zheng Jianfeng , Cao Peng , Qiao Zhanfeng , Yu Guang , Liu LingLi , Huang LiLi
Published: October 2021

The carbonate ramps developed at the postrift depositional stage have become a major field of ultradeep hydrocarbon exploration. Taking the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in the Tarim Basin as an example, the paleotectonic framework and lithofacies paleogeography response, reservoir distribution, and internal architecture difference were systematically analysed based on the data of newly processed 42 2D seismic lines, 9 outcrops, and 22 wells. The results show that (1) the palaeotectonic framework with three palaeohighs and two topographic lows (abbreviated to “TPTT”) dominated the differentiation in the ramp system (association) at the Xiaoerblak depositional stage. High-energy grain shoals and mounds occurred around the palaeohighs, and the sediment composition was further complicated by ancient ocean currents. Three subtypes of ramp are recognized: the slope-plateau ramp dominated by grain shoal on the northern margin of the paleohigh of the southwestern Tarim, homocline ramp dominated by the mound-shoal complex on the Keping-Wensu area lower high, and isolated island type in the Lunnan-Yaha lower high. (2) Xiaoerblak reservoirs mainly occur in the high-energy facies belts in the middle ramps around the palaeohighs because original pores were effectively preserved in early dolomitization and reconstructed at the burial stage. Reservoirs are predicted to mainly distribute in the high-energy mound-shoal zones around three palaeohighs (low uplifts) with an area of 9×104 km2. Different ramp systems show different reservoir properties. There are mainly type II reservoirs (porosity range of 1.8-4.5%, permeability range of 0.5-10×10−3 μm2) with sustained distribution and the largest size in the grain shoals at the slope-plateau ramp, which may be the potential favorable hydrocarbon exploration zone. Based on the example anatomy, the differentiation in the carbonate ramp systems forming at the postrift subsidence stage was structurally dominated. This means that it is crucial to deepen the understanding of the presedimentation palaeotectonic framework for the prediction of promising reservoirs and assessment of reservoir properties.
Intelligent Parameter Inversion of Fractional-Order Model Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Gao Renbo , Wu Fei , Li Cunbao , Chen Jie , Ji ChenXin
Published: October 2021

To explore creep parameters and creep characteristics of salt rock, an Ansys numerical model of salt rock sample was established by using fractional creep constitutive model of salt rock, and an orthogonal test scheme was designed based on uniaxial compression test of salt rock samples. A large number of training data were obtained by combining the numerical model with the experimental scheme, and the model parameters were inverted by using the BP neural network. The model parameters are used for forwarding calculation, and the results are in good agreement with the measured strain data. This shows that the model parameter inversion method proposed in this paper can obtain reasonable parameter values and then accurately predict the creep behaviour of salt rock, which provides a good technical basis for related engineering practice and scientific research in the future.
A Massively Parallel Reservoir Simulator on the GPU Architecture
Authors: Middya Usuf , Manea Abdulrahman , Alhubail Maitham , Ferguson Todd , Byer Thomas , Dogru Ali
Published: October 2021

Reservoir simulation computational costs have been continuously growing due to high-resolution reservoir characterization, increasing model complexity, and uncertainty analysis workflows. Reducing simulation costs by upscaling is often necessary for operational requirements. Fast evolving High-Performance-Computing (HPC) technologies offer opportunities to reduce cost without compromising fidelity.

This work presents a novel in-house massively parallel full-physics reservoir simulator running on the emerging graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. Almost all the simulation kernels have been designed and implemented to honor the GPU single insruction, multiple data (SIMD) programming paradigm. These kernels include physical property calculations, phase equilibrium computations, Jacobian construction, linear and nonlinear solvers, and wells. Novel techniques are devised in various kernels to expose enough parallelism to ensure that the control and data-flow patterns are well suited for the GPU environment. Mixed-precision computation is also employed when appropriate (e.g., in derivative calculation) to reduce computational costs without compromising the solution accuracy.

The GPU implementation of the simulator is tested and benchmarked using various reservoir models, ranging from the synthetic SPE10 Benchmark (Christie & Blunt, 2001) to several industrial-scale models. These real field models range in size from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of cells with black-oil and multicomponent compositional fluid. The GPU simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 massively parallel architecture having tens of Nvidia Volta V100 GPUs. To compare performance with CPU architectures, an optimized CPU implementation of the simulator is benchmarked on the IBM AC922 CPUs and on a cluster consisting of thousands of Intel Haswell-EP Xeon® CPU E5-2680 v3. Detailed analysis of several numerical experiments comparing the simulator performance on the GPU and the CPU architectures is presented. In almost all of the cases, the analysis shows that the use of hardware acceleration offers substantial benefits in terms of wall time and power consumption.

This novel in-house full-physics, black-oil and compositional reservoir simulator employs several novel techniques in various simulation kernels to ensure full utilization of the GPU resources. Detailed analysis is presented to highlight the simulator performance in terms of runtime reduction, parallel scalability and power savings.
Local Equilibrium Mechanistic Simulation of CO2-Foam Flooding
Authors: Almajid Muhammad Majid , AlYousef Zuhair A. , Swaie Othman S.
Published: October 2021

Mechanistic modeling of the non-Newtonian CO2-foam flow in porous media is a challenging task that is computationally expensive due to abrupt gas mobility changes. The objective of this paper is to present a local equilibrium (LE) CO2-foam mechanistic model, which could alleviate some of the computational cost, and its implementation in the Matlab Reservoir Simulation Tool (MRST). Interweaving the LE-foam model into MRST enables users quick prototyping and testing of new ideas and/or mechanistic expressions.

We use MRST, the open source tool available from SINTEF, to implement our LE-foam model. The model utilizes MRST automatic differentiation capability to compute the fluxes as well as the saturations of the aqueous and the gaseous phases at each Newton iteration. These computed variables and fluxes are then fed into the LE-foam model that estimates the bubble density (number of bubbles per unit volume of gas) in each grid block. Finally, the estimated bubble density at each grid block is used to readjust the gaseous phase mobility until convergence is achieved.

Unlike the full-physics model, the LE-foam model does not add a population balance equation for the flowing bubbles. The developed LE-foam model, therefore, does not add much computational cost to solving a black oil system of equations as it uses the information from each Newton iteration to adjust the gas mobility. Our model is able to match experimental transient foam flooding results from the literature. The chosen flowing foam fraction (Xf) formula dictates to a large extent the behavior of the solution. An appropriate formula for Xf needs to be chosen such that our simulations are more predictive.

The work described in this paper could help in prototyping various ideas about generation and coalescence of bubbles as well as any other correlations used in any population balance model. The chosen model can then be used to predict foam flow and estimate economic value of any foam pilot project.
Semi-Elimination Methodology for Simulating High Flow Features in a Reservoir
Authors: Yang Yahan , Samii Ali , Zhao Zhenlong , Ren Guotong
Published: October 2021

Despite the rapid rise of computing power and advances in computational techniques in past decades, it is still challenging in reservoir simulation to model complex and detailed features that are represented by small cells with large permeability values, for example, fractures, multi-segment wells, etc. While those features may carry a large amount of flow and thus have a significant impact on the performance prediction, the combination of small volume and large permeability unfortunately leads to well-known time stepping and convergence difficulties during Newton iteration.

We address this issue of high flow through small cells by developing a new semi-elimination computational technique. At the beginning of simulation, we construct a set of pressure basis which is a mapping from pressures at surrounding cells in the bulk of reservoir to pressures at those small cells. Next, we start the time-stepping scheme. For each time step or iteration within a time step, small cells are first employed to provide an accurate computation of flow rates and derivatives using upstream weighting and a flow partitioning scheme. Afterwards, small cells are eliminated and a linear system of equations is assembled and solved involving only bulk cells.

This semi-elimination technique allows us to fundamentally avoid the drawbacks caused by including small cells in the global system of equations, while capturing their effect on the flow of hydrocarbon in the reservoir. One of the advantages of the proposed techniques over other existing methods is that it is fully implicit and preserves upstream weighting and compositions of the flow field even after small cells are eliminated, which enhances numerical stability and accuracy of simulation results. Application of this technique to several synthetic and field models demonstrates significant performance and accuracy improvement over standard approaches. This method thus offers a practical way to model complex and dynamic flow behaviors in important features without incurring penalties in speed and robustness of the simulation.
An Optimization-Based Facility Network Solver for Well Allocation in Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Wiegand K. , Zaretskiy Y. , Mukundakrishnan K. , Patacchini L.
Published: October 2021

When coupling reservoir simulators to surface network solvers, an often used strategy is to perform a rule or priority-driven allocation based on individual well and group constraints, augmented by back-pressure constraints computed periodically by the network solver. The allocation algorithm uses an iteration that applies well-established heuristics in a sequential manner until all constraints are met. The rationale for this approach is simply to maximize performance and simulation throughput; one of its drawbacks is that the computed allocation may not be feasible with respect to the overall network balance, especially in cases where not all wells can be choked individually. In the work presented here, the authors integrate the well allocation process into the network flow solver, in the form of an optimization engine, to ensure that the solution conforms to the network rate and pressure balance equations. Results for three stand-alone test cases are discussed.
Grid Quality Measures for PEBI Grids
Authors: Mishev Ilya , Rin Ruslan
Published: October 2021

Combining the Perpendicular Bisector (PEBI) grids with the Two Point Flux Approximation (TPFA) scheme demonstrates a potential to accurately model on unstructured grids, conforming to the geological and engineering features of real grids. However, with the increased complexity and resolution of the grids, the PEBI conditions will inevitably be violated in some cells and the approximation properties will be compromised. The objective is to develop accurate and practical grid quality measures that quantify such errors.

We critically evaluated the existing grid quality measures and found them lacking predictive power in several areas. The available k-orthogonality measures predict error for flow along the strata, although TPFA provides an accurate approximation. The false-positive results are not only misleading but can overwhelm further analysis. We developed the so-called "truncation error" grid measure which is probably the most accurate measure for flow through a plane face and accurately measures the error along the strata. We also quantified the error due to the face curvature. Curved faces are bound to exist in any real grid.

The impact of the quality of the 2-D Delaunay triangulation on TPFA approximation properties is usually not taken into account. We investigate the impact of the size of the smallest angles that can cause considerable increase of the condition number of the matrix and an eventual loss of accuracy, demonstrated with simple examples. Based on the analysis, we provide recommendations. We also show how the size of the largest angles impacts the approximation quality of TPFA. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the change of the permeability on the TPFA approximation. Finally, we present simple tools that reservoir engineers can use to incorporate the above-mentioned grid quality measures into a workflow. The grid quality measures discussed up to now are static. We also sketch the further extension to dynamic measures, that is, how the static measures can be used to detect change in the flow behavior, potentially leading to increased error.

We investigate a comprehensive set of methods, several of them new, to measure the static grid quality of TPFA on PEBI grids and possible extension to dynamic measures. All measures can be easily implemented in production reservoir simulators and examined using the suggested tools in a workflow.
Myotonic dystrophy RNA toxicity alters morphology, adhesion and migration of mouse and human astrocytes
Authors: Dincã Diana , González-Barriga Anchel , Sicot Geraldine , Lallemant Louison , Pillet Laure-Elise , Cresto Noémie , Braz Sandra , Polveche Helene , Huguet Aline , Azotla-Vilchis Cuauhtli N. , Agonizantes-Juárez Luis , Tahraoui-Bories Julie , Martinat Cecile , Hernández-Hernández Oscar , Auboeuf Didier , Rouach Nathalie , Bourgeois Cyril F , Gourdon Genevieve , Gomes-Pereira Mário
Published: October 2021

Brain dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the prototype of toxic RNA disorders, has been mainly attributed to neuronal RNA misprocessing, while little attention has been given to non-neuronal brain cells. Using a transgenic mouse model of DM1 that expresses mutant RNA in various brain cell types, we demonstrate that astrocytes exhibit impaired ramification and polarization in vivo and defects in adhesion, spreading and migration. RNA-dependent toxicity and phenotypes was also found in human transfected glial cells. In line with the cell phenotypes, molecular analyses revealed extensive expression and accumulation of toxic RNA in astrocytes, which resulted in RNA spliceopathy that was remarkably more severe than in neurons. Astrocyte missplicing affected primarily transcripts that regulate cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and morphogenesis, and it was confirmed in human brain tissue. We demonstrate for the first time that DM1 impacts astrocyte cell biology, possibly compromising their support and regulation of synaptic function.
Influence of Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Gracilaria Salicornia Supplementation on in Vitro Fermentation Pattern, Total Gas and Methane Production of Mixed Substrates
Authors: Munde Vithal K. , Das Asit , Singh Putan , Verma Ashok K. , Muwel Nirmala , Mishra Alok , Deb Rajib , Raje Kanti
Published: October 2021

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) in vitro fermentation pattern, total gas and methane production of mixed substrates. Basal substrate comprising of concentrates and wheat straw (50:50) was supplemented with either 0% (control), 1 (KA1), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4), 6 (KA6), and 8 % (KA8) of Kappaphycus; and, 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2), 4 (GS4), 6 (GS6), and 8 (GS8 ) of Gracilaria, respectively. Asymptote, rate constant of gas production and t-half, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected up to 2% level KA supplementation, beyond which asymptote, and rate constant of gas production, TVFA, and IVDMD decreased and t-half increased (P<0.001). Asymptote, rate constant of gas production, TVFA and IVDMD was not affected at 1% level of inclusion, beyond which a steady decline in these parameters was observed (P<0.001). Methane production (ml/g DM) was higher (P<0.001) in CON, followed by KA1 and KA2, and lower values were observed in by KA4, KA6 and KA8. Methane production (ml/kg DM) declined (P<0.001) steadily with increased level of GS in the substrates. From the results it was concluded that inclusion of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria salicornia at 2 and 1%, respectively in the fermentation substrate can reduce in vitro methane production without any adverse impact on total gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility.
Therapeutic STING activation boosts microglia phagocytosis and ameliorates depression-like behaviors during chronic restraint stress
Authors: Zhai Qian , Zhang Yanpeng , Tan Shuwen , Sun Jianyu , Ye Mao , Gao Hui , Pu Kairui , Wu Meiyan , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2021

Background
The STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway involves in modulating host innate immunity, however, the potential role of STING signaling pathway in chronic restraint stress model has not been determined. The aim of this study is to explore the underlying role of STING signaling pathway in regulating neuroinflammation, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic potential of STING agonist during chronic restraint stress.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 14-day intermittent restraint stress. Sucrose preference, elevated plus maze and tail suspension tests were measured in chronic restraint stress mice. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were tested by QT-PCR and Luminex cytokine assays. The fluorescence-labeled latex beads, flow cytometry and CD68 positive cell counts were utilized to evaluate phagocytic abilities of microglia. Then, the ability of intracerebroventricular injection of STING agonist, 2’3-cGAMP, to reverse the depression-like behaviors and inflammatory cytokines was examined.
Results
We found that the expression levels of STING, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3 were remarkably decreased in chronic restraint stress mice, which was associated with decreased IFN-β secretion. Moreover, the STING agonist, 2’3-cGAMP, significantly alleviated the neuroinflammation and ameliorated depression-like behavior which depends on the functional STING activation. Furthermore, 2’3-cGAMP promoted microglia phagocytosis through STING-dependent IFN-β release, which was essential for recovery from neuroinflammation during chronic restraint stress.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that STING signaling pathway is a critical mediator in regulating microglia phagocytosis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for chronic stress-related psychiatric diseases.
Determination of The Relationship Between Exposure To Novel Industrial Toxicant HFPO-DA, C. Elegans, and Aging
Authors: Nagam Vishruth Mohan
Published: October 2021

Industrial toxicant hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, ammonium salt with trade name “GenX”) has recently been detected in the environment. HFPO-DA’s potential aging-related effects on organisms of higher trophic levels (worms, humans, etc.) have not been extensively explored. This study aims to quantify impact on C. elegans (free-living nematode) lifespan of HFPO-DA exposure, specifically via ingestion to simulate toxicant exposure mechanisms most prevalent in nature (through lower trophic-level organisms). C. elegans N2 (wild-type) samples were prepared with uracil-based medium and E. coli OP50 (food source) at room temperature; C. elegans in the experimental, treated sample was fed E. coli OP50 incubated with 280 ng/L HFPO-DA. The target gene pqm-1 was selected due to its key role in an aging-related insulin signaling pathway evolutionarily conserved in humans. Molecular biology laboratory techniques (RNA extraction, qRT-PCR, fluorescence tagging, etc.) were used to quantify pqm-1 expression to yield four technical replicates for each sample. The data was analyzed through null hypothesis t-tests, heatmaps, protein interactions, and gene homology tools. HFPO-DA exposure through E. coli caused a statistically insignificant (0.811-fold) change in pqm-1-related aging in C. elegans. Future work includes investigating the effects of different levels of HFPO-DA exposure on C. elegans aging.
Experimental analysis on the optimal excitation wavelength for fine-grained identification of refined oil pollutants on water surface based on laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Xie Ming , Jia Yunpeng , Li Ying , Cai Xiaohua , Cao Kai
Published: October 2021

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an effective, all-weather oil spill identification method that has been widely applied for oil spill monitoring. However, the distinguishability on oil types is seldom considered while selecting excitation wavelength. This study is intended to find the optimal excitation wavelength for fine-grained classification of refined oil pollutants using LIF by comparing the distinguishability of fluorometric spectra under various excitation wavelengths on some typical types of refined-oil samples. The results show that the fluorometric spectra of oil samples significantly vary under different excitation wavelengths, and the four types of oil applied in this study are most likely to be distinguished under the excitation wavelengths of 395 nm and 420 nm. This study is expected to improve the ability of oil types identification using LIF method without increasing time or other cost, and also provides theoretical basis for the development of portable LIF devices for oil spill identification.
Open-Source Software Library For Real-Time Inertial Measurement Unit Data-Based Inverse Kinematics Using OpenSim
Authors: Lavikainen Jere , Vartiainen Paavo , Stenroth Lauri , Karjalainen Pasi
Published: October 2021

An open-source software library for multithreaded real-time inverse kinematical (IK) analysis of inertial measurement unit (IMU) data using OpenSim was developed. Its operation delays and throughputs were measured with a varying number of IMUs and parallel computing IK threads using two different musculoskeletal models, one a lower-body and torso model and the other a full-body model. Full-body inverse kinematics with data from 12 IMUs could be calculated in real-time with a mean delay below 100 ms and at more than 900 samples per second. Live visualization of IK is an option but results in limited IK throughput. The effect of this limitation was assessed by comparing the range of motion (ROM) of each joint from visualized real-time IK to the ROM from offline IK at IMU sampling frequency, resulting in mean ROM differences below 0.3 degrees. The software library enables real-time inverse kinematical analysis with different numbers of IMUs and customizable musculoskeletal models, making it possible to do subject-specific full-body motion analysis outside the motion laboratory in real-time.
Artesunate Inhibits the Development of PVR by Supreesing TGF-β/Smad Signaling Passway
Authors: XU Qihua , Wang Zi-Yi
Published: October 2021

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the main reason for the failure of retinal detachment surgeryEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor (TGF-β2) plays an important role in the development of PVR.Artesunate has been widely studied in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and anti-proliferation effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of artesunate on EMT induced by TGF-β2 in ARPE-19 cells and its effect on PVR processWe found that artesunate can inhibit the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells after EMT transformation, inhibit the contraction of ARPE-19 cells after EMT transformation, and inhibit the autocrine of TGF-β2 in ARPE-19 cellsWe also found that the contents of Smad3 and p-smad3 in clinical samples increased,Artesunate can inhibit the contents of Smad3 and p-smad3 in ARPE-19 cells induced by TGF-β2Artesunate can inhibit the occurrence and development of PVR diseases in vivoTo sum up, artesunate can inhibit the occurrence and development of PVR diseases by inhibiting the EMT process of ARPE-19 cells.
Characteristics of Step Responses Following Varying Magnitudes of Unexpected Lateral Perturbations During Standing Among Older People– Cross-sectional Laboratory Based Study
Authors: Batcir Shani , Shani Guy , Shapiro Amir , Melzer Itshak
Published: October 2021

Introduction—The inability to recover from unexpected lateral loss of balance may be particularly relevant to the problem of falls.Aim—We aimed to explore whether different kinematic patterns and strategies occur in the first recovery step in single-step trials when single step was required to recover from fall and in the multiple-step trials, when more than one step were required to recover from fall. In addition, in the multiple-step trials we examined kinematic patterns of balance recovery where extra steps were needed to recover balance. Methods—Eighty-four older adults (79.3±5.2 years) were exposed to announced right/left perturbations in standing that were gradually increased to trigger a recovery stepping response. We performed kinematic analysis of the first recovery step of all single-step and multiple-step trials for each participant and of total balance recovery in the multiple-step trial.Results—Kinematic patterns and strategies of the first recovery step in the single-step trials were significantly dependent on the perturbation magnitude. There was a very small, yet significant increase in timing of recovery step as the magnitude increased. In contrast, the first recovery step of the multiple-step trials showed no significant differences between different perturbation magnitudes; while, in total balance recovery of these trails, we observe a small yet significant difference as the magnitude increased. Conclusions—The first recovery step of the single-step trials i.e., a relatively low perturbation magnitudes, different kinematic movement patterns were used as perturbation magnitudes increased, suggesting that older adults pre-plan their stepping performance. However, in the first recovery step of the multiple-step trials i.e., high perturbation magnitudes, similar kinematic movement patterns were used at different magnitudes, suggesting a more stereotypical behavior.