bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Native America Collected: The Culture of an Art World.
Authors: Parezo Nancy J.
Published: November 2004

Native America Collected: The Culture of an Art World. Margaret Dubin. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2001. 224 pp.
Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor.
Authors: Mueggler Erik
Published: November 2004

Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor. Stephan Feuchtwang. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2001. 283 pp.
Whispers on the Color Line: Rumor and Race in America.
Authors: Prahlad Anand
Published: November 2004

Whispers on the Color Line: Rumor and Race in America. Gary Alan Fine and Patricia A. Turner. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 270 pp.
The Kitchen Spoon's Handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lanka's Migrant Housemaids.
Authors: Fuglerud Oivind
Published: November 2004

The Kitchen Spoon's Handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lanka's Migrant Housemaids. Michele Ruth Gamburd. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 275 pp.
The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.
Authors: Boellstorff Tom
Published: November 2004

The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Robert W. Hefner. ed. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001. 319 pp.
Strangers to Relatives: The Adoption and Naming of Anthropologists in Native North America.
Authors: Morrow Phyllis
Published: November 2004

Strangers to Relatives: The Adoption and Naming of Anthropologists in Native North America. Sergei Kan. ed. Lincoln; University of Nebraska Press, 2001. 270 pp.
Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory.
Authors: Janusek John W.
Published: November 2004

Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America: Contributions to Archaeological Method and Theory. Lawrence A. Kuznar. ed. Ann Arbor, MI: International Monographs in Prehistory, 2001. 309 pp.
After Atheism: Religion and Ethnicity in Russia and Central Asia.
Authors: Sidky H.
Published: November 2004

After Atheism: Religion and Ethnicity in Russia and Central Asia. David C. Lewis. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2000.320 pp.
Secret Spaces, Forbidden Places: Rethinking Culture.
Authors: Achino‐Loeb Maria‐Luisa
Published: November 2004

Secret Spaces, Forbidden Places: Rethinking Culture. Fran Lloyd and Catherine O'Brien. New York: Berghan Books, 2001. 320 pp.
Subject to Colonialism: African Self‐Fashioning and the Colonial Library
Authors: Porter Mary A.
Published: November 2004

Subject to Colonialism: African Self‐Fashioning and the Colonial Library. Gaurav Desai. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. 216 pp.

On the Postcolony. Achille Mbembe. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 274 pp.
Medical Anthropology and African American Health.
Authors: Sankar Andrea
Published: November 2004

Medical Anthropology and African American Health. Eric J. Bailey. Westport, CT: Berginand Garvey, 2000.255 pp.
Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench
Authors: Proudfoot Wayne
Published: November 2004

Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench. Vincent Crapanzano. New York: New Press, 2000. 408 pp.
An Amazonian Myth and Its History
Authors: Basso Ellen B.
Published: November 2004

An Amazonian Myth and Its History. Peter Gow. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 338 pp.
Archaeology and the Modern World: Colonial Transcripts in South Africa and the Chesapeake
Authors: Beaudry Mary C.
Published: November 2004

Archaeology and the Modern World: Colonial Transcripts in South Africa and the Chesapeake. Martin Hall. New York: Routledge, 2000. 218 pp.
Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Sandoval‐García Carlos
Published: November 2004

Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. José Itzigsohn. University Park: Penn State University Press, 2000.197 pp.
Last Rites for the Tipu Maya: Genetic Structuring in a Colonial Cemetery
Authors: McKillop Heather
Published: November 2004

Last Rites for the Tipu Maya: Genetic Structuring in. Colonial Cemetery. Keith P. Jacobi. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000. 400 pp.
Failure of Treatment
Authors: Hays Terence E.
Published: November 2004

Failure of Treatment. Gilbert Lewis.New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 269 pp.
Violent Environments
Authors: Wallman Joel
Published: November 2004

Violent Environments. Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts. eds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001. 453 pp.
Contraception across Cultures: Technologies, Choices, Constraints.
Authors: Roberts Celia
Published: November 2004

Contraception across Cultures: Technologies, Choices, Constraints. Andrew Russell. Elisa J. Sobo. and Mary S. Thompson. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2000. 224 pp.
The Archaeology of Difference: Negotiating Cross‐Cultural Engagements in Oceania
Authors: Schrire Carmel
Published: November 2004

The Archaeology of Difference: Negotiating Cross‐ Cultural Engagements in Oceania. Robin Torrence and Anne Clarke, eds. New York: Routledge, 2000. 418 pp.
Social Aging in a Delhi Neighborhood
Authors: Kedia Satish
Published: November 2004

Social Aging in. Delhi Neighborhood. John van Willigen and Narender K. Chadha. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1999.161pp.
One Tragedy in Reference to Another: September 11 and the Obligations of Museum Commemoration
Authors: Feldman Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2004

Yahrzeit: September 11 Observed. Museum of Jewish Heritage—A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, New York. August 29, 2002—January 5, 2003.

. Shared Experience: 04.19.95‐09.11.01. Oklahoma City National Memorial Center Museum, Oklahoma City. April 19, 2002—September 1, 2003.

. Day of Reflection and Remembrance. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. September 11, 2002.
Reviews
Authors: Nevadomsky Joseph
Published: November 2004

. Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, Los Angeles February 9–July27,2003.
Speaking of Feelings
Authors: Wilce James M.
Published: November 2004

Emotions in Crosslinguistic Perspective. Jean Harkins and Anna Wierzbicka. eds. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. 421 pp.

Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Zoltan Kövecses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 223 pp.

The Navigation of Feeling:. Framework for the History of Emotions. William Reddy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 308 pp.
The Ecology of Language Evolution.
Authors: Kronenfeld David B.
Published: November 2004

The Ecology of Language Evolution. Salikoko S. Mufwene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 255 pp.
Transforming Academia: Challenges and Opportunities for an Engaged Anthropology.
Authors: Ferguson R. Brian
Published: November 2004

Transforming Academia: Challenges and Opportunities for an Engaged Anthropology. Linda G. Basch. Lucie Wood Saunders. Jagna Wojcicka Sharff. and James Peacock. eds. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association, 1999. 307 pp.
Honour and Violence.
Authors: Kertzer David I.
Published: November 2004

Honour and Violence. Anton Blok. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 2001. 358 pp.
Marxist Modern: An Ethnographic History of the Ethiopian Revolution.
Authors: Bauer Dan
Published: November 2004

Marxist Modern: An Ethnographic History of the Ethiopian Revolution. Donald L. Donham. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 236 pp.
Contingent Countryside: Settlement, Economy, and Land Use in the Southern Argolid since 1700.
Authors: Karakasidou Anastasian N.
Published: November 2004

Contingent Countryside: Settlement, Economy, and Land Use in the Southern Argolid since 1700. Susan Buck Sutton. ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. 391 pp.
The Biocultural Context of Very High Fertility among the Bekaa Bedouin
Authors: JOSEPH SUZANNE E.
Published: November 2004

This research report explores some of the biocultural dimensions of maximum or near maximum fertility among Bedouin tribes in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon. The Bedouin case substantiates that very high fertility (completed family size [CFS] greater than 8.0) is found among peripheral peoples in frontier situations generated by major political‐economic shifts. While the Bedouin maintained high fertility (CFS > 6.5) for approximately sixty years (1899–1960), very high fertility—linked to greater historical reliance on agriculture—was of shorter duration (1934–60). Comparisons with other very high fertility populations indicate that, at the proximate level, maximum fertility is associated with early weaning, low rates of primary sterility, and high rates of marital stability. Results also point to low subadult mortality in Bedouin society. Low mortality is best attributed to the availability of modern medical care facilities and high‐quality weaning foods.
A Model Approach for Studying Race: Provocative Theory, Sound Science, and Very Good History
Authors: BAKER LEE D.
Published: November 2004

The Problem of Race in the Twenty‐First Century. Thomas C. Holt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. 146 pp.

Race in Mind: Race, IQ, and Other Racisms. Alexander Alland Jr. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 219 pp.

The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. William H. Tucker. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002. 286 pp.
The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora.”
Authors: DUSENBERY VERNE A.
Published: November 2004

The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation and the Formation of. Sikh “Diaspora.” Brian Keith Axel. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. 297 pp.
The Night Is Young: Sexuality in Mexico in the Time of AIDS
Authors: KELLY PATTY
Published: November 2004

The Night Is Young: Sexuality in Mexico in the Time of AIDS. Héctor Carrillo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. 352 pp.
NAFTA Stories: Fears and Hopes in Mexico and the United States
Authors: WILLIAMS HEATHER
Published: November 2004

NAFTA Stories: Fears and Hopes in Mexico and the United States. Ann E. Kingsolver. Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2001. 252 pp.
Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior fro the Human Skeleton
Authors: BROMAGE TIMOTHY G.
Published: November 2004

Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior fro the Human Skeleton. Clark Spencer Larsen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 461 pp.
Desis in the House: Indian American Youth Culture in New York City
Authors: TEWARY AKSHAT
Published: November 2004

Desis in the House:Indian American Youth Culture in New York City. Sunaina Maira. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002. 256 pp.
The Indomitable Miss Pink: A Life in Anthropology
Authors: TOUSSAINT SANDY
Published: November 2004

The Indomitable Miss Pink:. Life in Anthropology. Julie Marcus. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2001. 340 pp.
Reconstructing the Origins and Migrations of Diasporic Populations: The Case of the European Gypsies
Authors: IOVIT̨Ă RADU P. , SCHURR THEODORE G.
Published: November 2004

The sociohistorical study of Gypsies/Sinti/Roma has been dominated by the “Gypsy‐lorist” paradigm. According to this paradigm, these itinerant people belong to a unitary ethnic group of South Asian origin whose cultural practices have been preserved over the centuries. Recently, this perspective has come under criticism for perpetuating the image of Gypsies as an isolate within the wider context of the development of European societies, and, in particular, for placing too much importance on the external origin of Gypsy cultural and linguistic practices. This article attempts to place the available biological anthropological data for Roma origins and population history (from molecular genetic and clinical studies) in the wider ethnohistorical and linguistic context, and assesses their potential impact for an integrationist approach to Gypsy studies. These data suggest that, while the “Gypsy‐lorist” paradigm is problematic, Gypsy populations share a common biological origin, a reality that should not be ignored.
An Interview with Juan Jose García, President of Ojo de Agua Comunicación
Authors: BRÍGIDO‐CORACHÁN ANNA
Published: November 2004

This is an interview with Zapotec video maker Juan Jose Garcia, president of the award‐winning media organization Ojo de Agua Comunicacion, in Oaxaca, Mexico. He presents a brief history of native video in Mexico and discusses issues such as indigenous video production and circulation, thematic content, communal practices, relation to indigenous communities, funding, and current projects of his group.
What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes.
Authors: WEISS KENNETH M.
Published: November 2004

What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. Jonathan Marks. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 325 pp.
The Reality of Spirits: A Tabooed or Permitted Field of Study?
Authors: Turner Edith B.
Published: November 2004

The tendency in the past has been for aruhropobgists to rationalize away the native claim that spirits exist. But in this study, a number of incidents, some of which happened to the author, are described and used to bring this positwistic assumption into question. The author shows that "participant observation" in the fullest sense requires taking the final leap and "going native" in the most complete way possible.
A Month for the Entertainment of Spirits; Mammy Water In Search of the Water Spirits in Nigeria
Authors: Halperin Daniel
Published: November 2004

. Month for the Entertainment of Spirits. 1992. video by Kean Gibson. 30 minutes, color. Purchase $250; rental $50.

Mammy Water: In Search of the Water Spirits in Nigeria. 1991. film by Sabine Jell‐Bahlsen. 59 minutes, color. Purchase $995 16mm, $295 video; rental $60.
Memory and "Consciousness" in an Evolving Brazilian Possession Religion
Authors: Halperin Daniel
Published: November 2004

Participants in Northern Brazilian Tambor de Mina dance and spirit possession rituals demonstrate three principal discourses concerning memory and states of consciousness during possession. Most dancers claim, as "unconscious" mediums, to remember essentially nothing of their trance experiences. Many, however, speak of "faked" or incomplete forms of possession. In fact, my research eventually revealed that some experienced mediums and religious leaders regard, if secretly, "conscious" possession to be a more—not less—advanced form of mediumship. I consider some potential implications of the apparent growth, particularly due to the influence of European origin Kardecist and other spiritist movements, of conscious mediumship in this Afro‐Brazilian tradition.
The Role Played by Mandalas in Navajo and Tibetan Rituals
Authors: Krippner Stanley
Published: November 2004

The mandala has appeared throughout human history as a symbol of integration, harmony, and transformation. Consideration is given to the role played by mandalas in Navajo and Tibetan rituals, and how the same form has been constructed differently in various times and places. The impact of psychophysiology in personality theory has led to a reconceptualization of the mandala and other Jungian archetypal forms.
Seeking Power at Willow Creek Cave, Northern California
Authors: Patterson Carol
Published: November 2004

Willow Creek petroglyph site, located in northeastern California represents a long tradition of rock engravings associated with shamanic practices for the Numic groups of hunter/gatherer people, both in prehistoric and historic times. Archaeological evidence shows a continuous occupation for 2,000 years with the protohistoric Northern Paiute culture. Ethnographic data support the use of these caves for vision quests and seeking power. Several interviews with practicing shamans who have experienced entoptic phenomena supply interpretations of these designs. Lewis‐Williams and Dowson have proposed that entoptic‐like designs found in the entrance chambers of grave tombs in Europe may play a role in the process of achieving altered states of consciousness in prehistoric shamanic practices. Similarities between the engravings found at Willow Creek and those found in Europe support Lewis‐Williams and Dowsons theory as relevant to Northern California.
On the Unsafe Side of the White Divide: New Perspectives on the Dreaming of Australian Aborigines
Authors: Hume Lynne
Published: November 2004

The central feature of traditional Aboriginal religion which is reiterated throughout Australia, in spite of regional variations and the vastness of this continent is the Dreaming and its integral link between humans, land, and all that lives on the land. Variously referred to as Dreamtime, Eternal Dreamtime and, the Law, the Dreaming is the sacred knowledge, wisdom and moral truth permeating the entire beingness of Aboriginal life, derived collectively from Dreaming events performed by the creative ancestors. In this paper I shall review interpretations of this thing called the Dreaming and pursue an alternative one. This alternative is that the Dreaming can be interpreted as a subliminal reality that Aborigines can tap into through various means. As a working paradigm I shall use the theoretical perspectives of Schutz and the mutual tuning‐in relationship, as well as Csikszentmihalyi s notion of "flow." Keywords: Aborigines, Australia, dreaming, consciousness.
The Soul of Shamanism: Western Fantasies, Imagnal Realities
Authors: Ripinsky‐Naxon Michael
Published: November 2004

The Soul of Shamanism: Western Fantasies, Imagnal Realities. Daniel C. Noel. New York: Continuum, 1997. 252 pages. $17.95 (paper)
Field Play: The Normalization of an Alternate Cognizance in Seriously Ill Children
Authors: Saxton Kelvin , Govertsen Elke
Published: November 2004

Children who grow up with a life‐threatening illness live and face death in a way that is foreign to those of us who have reached adulthood in relative health. The experiences that form their identities create a range of knowledge, and processes for acquiring that knowledge, quite apart from the mainstream. In the pace of its acquisition, and the depth of its content, this knowledge is hard for the rest of us to comprehend. Indeed, the primary symptom of this alternate cognizance is that it sets these children apart from their families, peers, and greater communities. The child as a whole is marginalized in interpersonal relations by essentializing the child as the illness. The experience of the illness itself further isolates the child.

Through firsthand observation, we find that the Hole in the Wall Gang summer camps provide a nearly unique environment for the normalization of this alternate cognizance. At camp, all those things that set them apart from the rest of the world mark them as normal members of a society. Other children share their physical qualities, have similar experiences and immediately understand their perspective on life. Small adjustments to social and physical environments have a lasting effect. A warm pool to swim in, a caring touch, an open smile—the children take the memory of these with them when they leave. They begin to understand that they are a desired part of a large and varied community. A new definition of normal is created and they are included.
Collective Baha'i Identity Through Embodied Persecution: "Be ye the fingers of one hand, the members of one body"
Authors: Humes Curtis , Clark Katherine Ann
Published: November 2004

Members of the Baha'i Faith have been subject to persecution in Iran since the mid‐nineteenth century. Our investigation considers how collective identity among a Pacific Northwest Community has been constructed through the contexts of continued persecution in Iran and the development of religious texts, which helped to define the religious community. The texts found within the Baha'i Faith utilize metaphors of the body to construct religious identity. Many anthropologists have theorized on the usefulness of the body as a unit of study; in addition, recent attention by scholars has illustrated the intersection of the body and religion. A model is developed linking identity, consciousness, the body and experience that explains how collective identity is constructed. When considering the situation of the Baha'i community, this model has proven particularly useful in understanding how geographically disassociated people manage to construct social kinship within the context of religious persecution. In particular, American Baha'is describe the persecution of Baha'is in Iran as a collective experience, especially since the direct experience of persecution is far removed from their everyday living. Preliminary analysis of interviews with an American Baha'i, and an ex‐patriot Iranian Baha'i reveal differences in constructions of identity.
Doctors, Nurses, & Patients: Who Has Control Over Death And Dying?
Authors: Ostlund Siv Kristin
Published: November 2004

This study explores the amount of control patients have versus the amount of control physicians have in making decisions regarding what course will be taken in the face of disease. This includes decisions about aggressive treatment, alternatives to aggressive treatment, hospice care, and possibly physician‐assisted death, if that is an option. The findings of this research conclude that there are many levels of control for physicians and patients, and that in certain cases patients may have limited control and in other circumstances patients are entirely in control over their healthcare decisions. The personalities and education levels of both the physicians and the patients determine what kinds of options and control a patient will have.
Indigenism: Ethnic Politics in Brazil
Authors: Giordani Lourdes
Published: November 2004

Indigenism: Ethnic Politics in Brazil. Alcida Rita Ramos. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. 1998. + 326 pp., 10 b/w illus. 55.00 (cloth); $21.95 (paper).
Faith, Healing and "Ecstasy Deprivation": Secular Society in a New Age of Anxiety
Authors: Bourguignon Erika
Published: November 2004

At a time when there is a health care crisis in the United States, there is widespread appeal to religious healing of various types. Adequate research in this area is limited.Terms such as "ecstasy" are used inconsistently, limiting the usefulness of the term, producing confusion rather than understanding. A cross‐cultural comparative perspective is offered.
Review of books by Hank Wesselman
Authors: Winkelman Michael
Published: November 2004

Hank Wesselman. Spirit Walker Messages from the Future, Bantam Books, 1995; Medicine Maker Mystic Encounters on the Shaman's Path, Bantam Books, 1998; Vision Seeker Shared Wisdom from the Place of Refuge, Hay House, Inc. 2001
indigenous ideas of order, time, and transition in a New Guinea cargo movement1
Authors: ERRINGTON FREDERICK
Published: November 2004

The goals of a Duke of York Island cargo movement and the means by which these goals are to be realized rest on indigenous assumptions about social organization, ritual process, and time and transition. Much that seems bizarre and inexplicable about cargo movements to Western observers and anthropologists stems from the failure to understand adequately these non‐Western assumptions about reality.
the changing proportion of Maya Indian and Ladino in the population of Guatemala, 1945–19691
Authors: EARLY JOHN D.
Published: November 2004

Revised Maya Indian and Ladino population figures give a new look at the changing proportion of these two groups in the national population of Guatemala. The Maya have decreased 10.3 percent (57.3percent to 47 percent) in a twenty‐eight year period. The acculturation of Maya to Ladino is the primary factor for this changing proportion, and the greater Indian death rate is the secondary factor.
demographic aspects of central Eskimo marriage practices
Authors: DAMAS DAVID
Published: November 2004

The Iglulik, Netsilik, and Copper Eskimo tribes inhabit two ecological zones. Differences in subsistence opportunities explain demographic contrasts which are reflected in the differential occurrence of exogamic‐endogamic practices. Other aspects of marriage, such as ratios between polygyny and polyandry and the terminological concomitants of marriage practices, must be explained by sociopsychological or historical factors.
male/female relations and the organization of work in a Machiguenga community1
Authors: JOHNSON ORNA R. , JOHNSON ALLEN
Published: November 2004

This paper emphasizes the organization of work as a major determinant of male/female relations. It describes, for the Machiguenga, the degree of solidarity or separation experienced by each sex in the work process and their relative authority over the social disposal of the products of work. Comparisons are made with other Lowland South American groups.
bands and clans: political functions of voluntary associations in the Swiss Alps1
Authors: WEINBERG DANIELA
Published: November 2004

Many of the voluntary associations and kinship groups of the Swiss Alps express underlying factionalism within the political system. They serve to control and defuse conflict and opposition. This paper examines in detail the political significance of brass bands and “family clans” in the Canton of Valais.
the plains gourd dance as a revitalization movement
Authors: HOWARD JAMES H.
Published: November 2004

The “Gourd Dance,” which was formerly performed exclusively by certain warrior societies of the Plains, has recently become very popular with Native Americans over a wide area. In its recent manifestations it is largely secular and intertribal in nature, and it has spread to many groups whose ancestors never performed the ceremony. In most aspects the Gourd Dance conforms to Wallace's (1956) model of a revitalization movement or Lurie's (1971) concept of the articulatory movement Some possible reasons for the widespread acceptance of this cultural innovation during the past decade are discussed.
respect and address in a Turkish village: a quantitative sociolinguistic account1
Authors: CASSON RONALD W. , ÖZERTUǦ BÂNÛ
Published: November 2004

Sociolinguistic studies have established that social relations are clearly expressed in language use. This paper examines social relations and their expression in kin term address usage in a Turkish village and suggests a refinement of this sociolinguistic finding. Quantitative analyses of respect rank and address usage among married male villagers suggest a general principle of language use: that unmarked social relations are expressed consistently in language use, but that marked relations are constrained and only weakly evident in usage.
the structure of decision making in Paso
Authors: BARLETT PEGGY F.
Published: November 2004

Changing land use patterns in a Costa Rican peasant community are analyzed to reveal the structure of agricultural decision making. Both emic and etic data are presented to clarify the utility of four crop options available to Pasanos. The internal differentiation in the community is shown to be an important determinant of the patterns of land use, which are then clarified in a flow chart of decision making. Access to land varies the criteria of crop utility for Pasano households, and the two outstanding changes in land use, increases in tobacco and pasture, are thereby explained.
the rural‐urban migrant network in Kenya: some general implications
Authors: ROSS MARC HOWARD , WEISNER THOMAS S.
Published: November 2004

Rural‐urban migration patterns in many settings involve extensive contacts between the city and the country. Such contacts are conceptualized as a rural‐urban network of kin who share resources and who visit frequently. Neither setting can be viewed independently of the other. Six antecedent conditions are suggested that should encourage the formation of rural‐urban network migration systems. The Influence of the rural‐urban network in Kenya is illustrated with data on family and household organization and by patterns of visiting and sociability between city and country residents. Familial ties remain stable within the network; rural contacts are positively associated with urban success and longevity, and social ties Include rural and urban kin. The data come from broadly‐based survey Information as well as from a more intensive ethnographic study of one such rural‐urban familial network. Findings from both these approaches mutually support the rural‐urban network model.
social process, healing, and self‐defeat among Puerto Rican spiritists
Authors: KOSS JOAN D.
Published: November 2004

This paper examines the long‐term effect of Spiritist cult social process on those who become healing mediums. Although many studies have shown spirit cults to exert a positive therapeutic influence on their clients, a longitudinal perspective shows that cult socialization may lead to a reverse of the initial benefits. Clients who are diagnosed as seriously disturbed and whose cure depends on their training as healing mediums do initially appear to undergo extensive personal transformations. However, this new personal adjustment can be threatened or even reversed by the dynamics of the cult group itself.
the golden chain: a study of the structure, function, and patterning of comparatico in a south Italian village
Authors: MILLER ROY A. , MILLER MARIA GABRIELLA
Published: November 2004

The ritual coparent relationship in a South Italian village is examined against a background of interpersonal relationships characterized by atomism and familism. The integrative potential of the relationship is stressed by comparing it with kinship, friendship, and reciprocity bonds and by quantitatively examining the actual types of social units joined by this relationship.
the articulation of the modes of production: tailoring in Tunisia
Authors: HOPKINS NICHOLAS S.
Published: November 2004

The tailoring of winter overcoats is a prosperous craft in the Tunisian town of Testour. This paper investigates the social organization of production and the economic situation of the craft. It pays special attention to changes in workshop organization, credit, wages, and prices, and in marketing and its relationship to Tunis dealers. The paper provides some reflections on the articulation of domestic and capitalist modes of production and on the evolution of tailoring from a handicraft to a manufacture through a reformulation of the mode of cooperation.
land tenure and elite formation in the neotraditional monarchies of Tonga and Buganda
Authors: MARCUS GEORGE E.
Published: November 2004

This paper compares the historic socioeconomic development of the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga with that of the African Kingdom of Buganda. New social orders arose in these monarchies from the specific responses of traditional elites, in each case, to land reform and the commercialization of agriculture. This analysis adopts a focus similar to that of Barrington Moore, Jr. in his comparative analysis of the transformation of European old orders. It is suggested that, although models of historic modernization in the West have been found to be of limited use in understanding the political economies of contemporary third‐world nations, perspectives such as Moore's have useful, specific parallels in certain non‐Western kingships that underwent social transformations as ruling monarchies under the protection of colonial powers.
love songs and the Great Leap: the role of a youth culture in the revolutionary phase of China's economic development
Authors: BLAKE C. FRED
Published: November 2004

he Chinese Communists believe that all art is politically motivated and propagandistic in nature and that the use of symbols is crucial to winning the people's compliance with revolutionary goals. In this paper, I analyze a small corpus from one genre of Communist propaganda, namely love songs. The songs reveal some basic values—a kind of “root paradigm” in the form of a “protracted courtship”—that combine traditional, popular, and socialist motifs aimed at promoting the family revolution and economic development. One way the Communists attempt both to legitimize and to restrict the role of erotic feelings in the new social structure is to give greater rein to their expression in the love songs of the national minorities. However, in spite of Communist attempts to elevate the popular taste and their expressions in love songs, the purely popular song traditions continue to find voice among the masses especially during periods of revolutionary relaxation.W
causality and chance on the Upper Nile
Authors: SACKS KAREN
Published: November 2004

Examining Nuer and Dinka history suggests that received wisdom about the organizational and military superiority of the Nuer is misleading at best. Western Dinka were decimated by ivory and slave traders while Nuer took refuge or were pushed into a mosquito‐laden swamp. Both groups underwent organizational changes under pressures of capitalist penetration and, in turn, influenced the shapes of trader social organization. The theoretical point of this paper is to suggest that structural changes can only be understood through historical analysis, that organizational changes do not take place in the abstract, and that there is no structural or evolutionary shortcut to understanding how systemic change occurs or the conditions under which it occurs.
race relations in the southeastern highlands of Mesoamerica
Authors: BRINTNALL DOUGLAS E.
Published: November 2004

A recent ethnographic truism concerning the southeastern highlands of Mesoamerica is that the distinction between Indian and Ladino is not “racial”, but rather is “cultural”, and therefore that Indians and Ladinos are most appropriately designated as “ethnic groups” and not “races”. This paper traces the history of the development of this truism but then argues that the dichotomy between racial and cultural criteria of group de‐ finition is unwarranted. Furthermore, there are some advantages to charac‐ terizing the Indians and Ladinos as “races,” that is, if “race” is defined in a sociologicalrather than a biologicalfashion. Specif ica11y, “race” wouId help clarify the actual sociological character of the Indian and Ladino groups, including their interrelations and the process of cultural change in the region. At present, these are obscured by the use of the term “ethnic group,” which has been associated with a minimization of the importance of descent in defining group membership, a reluctance to use the term “racism” to characterize group relations, and a tendency to identify modernization with Ladinoization.
applying econometric techniques to economic anthropology
Authors: FINKLER KAJA
Published: November 2004

This paper demonstrates the ways in which techniques developed by economists prove to be useful tools to compare emic and etic models of production and how these techniques shed light on long‐standing anthropological concerns, including decision‐making processes and processes of socioeconomic differentiation.
men's changing image of women in Nahuat oral tradition
Authors: TAGGART JAMES M.
Published: November 2004

This paper describes how men change their image of women in folktales when women improve their position in a male‐dominant family system. Comparison of cognate folktales from two Sierra Nahuat communities in Mexico that represent stages of family change shows how storytellers alter the competence and sexuality of their female characters when women acquire more control over strategic resources.
it's not who you are but how you give that counts: the role of exchange in a Melanesian society
Authors: McDOWELL NANCY
Published: November 2004

Exchange, rather than descent, can be seen as the primary organizing principle in Melanesian societies. The means by which exchange functions to organize cultural concepts, social relationships, and individual experience is illustrated by reference to the society of Bun in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. Here, exchange is central to the way in which the people conceptualize themselves and conceptualize being human, as well as to the definition of social relationships, to communication processes, and to the way in which the society is shaped and formed over generations. [Melanesia, exchange, ideology]
Crow‐type skewing In Akan kinship vocabulary and Its absence In Minangkabau
Authors: THOMAS LYNN L.
Published: November 2004

Akan societies of West Africa have unskewed kinship terminologies quite similar to those of the Sumatran Minangkabau, and they also have kinterm systems with Crow‐type skewing. Minangkabau has no skewing. Parallel examinations of kinship‐related institutions in Akan and Minangkabau provide grounds for a (necessarily partial) accounting of the kin terminological differences. The hypothesized greater emphasis in Akan norms on individualized property holding, inheritance and succession, and the Akan avunculocal residence norm, may have provided conceptual bases for the Akan skewing rule. The hypothesized greater emphasis in Minangkabau norms on corporate lineage property holding, and the Minangkabau uxorimatrilocal residence norm, may be significant correlates of the absence of a skewing rule in Minangkabau. [kinship, West Africa, social organization, language and culture, Sumatran, Indonesian societies]
Social organization, incest, and fertility in a Kosraen village
Authors: RITTER PHILIP L.
Published: November 2004

General fertility data from the village of Yewan, Kosrae Island, could be used to argue that a decrease in fertility among younger women is a functional adaptation to population growth and/or modernization. However, an examination of Yewan social organization in light of past historical and demographic events shows that the fertility reduction can be better understood as resulting from (1) the bilateral extension of the incest taboo during a past period of depopulation and [2] the rapid growth of the current population from a few individuals. This case illustrates the complex interrelationships between population and social organization and demonstrates the need to interpret aggregate demographic data in the context of the history and social system of the people involved. [population, kinship and social organization, incest, Oceania]
cognatic descent groups in upper‐class Lima (Peru)
Authors: GILBERT DENNIS
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists and sociologists have generally assumed that descent is irrelevant as an organizing principle in modern societies. But case studies of two wealthy and powerful Lima families find that they are organized cognatically and function as corporate groups. Data on comparable Peruvian families and suggestive evidence from the United States lead to the conclusion that corporate descent groups may be a systematic feature of the top social strata of even the most technologically advanced societies. [corporate groups, cognatic descent, kinship, Peru, social class, inheritance]
communication and cognitive pluralism in a spirit possession event in Malaysia
Authors: ACKERMAN S. E. , LEE RAYMOND L. M.
Published: November 2004

This study is concerned with how diverse definitions of spirit possession events in a factory are organized into predictable equivalence structures. A model of communication is utilized to show how information about possession is exchanged through reciprocal role behaviors at the primary level and through interpretive accounts at the secondary level. This approach emphasizes the complex processes involved in the communication of possession events. [Malay culture, spirit possession, communication]
chicanos look to the 1980s
Authors: BUTTERWORTH DOUGLAS
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Chicanos: As We See Ourselves. ARNULFO D. TREJO, ed.

The Chicano Experience. STANLEY A. WEST and JUNE MACKLIN, eds. Westview Special Studies in Contemporary Social Issues.

La Chicana: The Mexican‐American Woman. ALFREDO MIRANDE and EVANGELINA ENRIQUEZ.

Race and Class in the Southwest: A Theory of Racial Inequality. MARIO BARRERA.
constituting the church: Catholic missionaries on the Sepik frontier
Authors: HUBER MARY TAYLOR
Published: November 2004

Over the years, Catholic missionaries of the Society of the Divine Word (SVD) in the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea have developed special ways of supporting their mission economically, of forming their own community, and of ministry. Through an examination of three successive periods in mission history, I attempt to understand SVD practice in terms of the tension between local imperatives and metropolitan ideals.
cousin marriage in rural China: more and less than generalized exchange
Authors: COOPER EUGENE
Published: November 2004

An examination of the custom of cousin marriage in Dongyang County in the late premodern and modern period suggests a critique of Lévi‐Strauss's formulations regarding generalized exchange in China. While the analysis takes account of Bourdieu's critique of structuralism (1977), it stops short of dispensing altogether with the notion of elementary structure. The article rather proposes a model of Chinese kinship in which protein chains of structure, both more diverse in kind and more limited in scope than the classification generalized exchange would imply, exist in a context of otherwise diversified ties between households. In the Chinese kinship universe, all nonagnatic cousins within three generations are marked by the designation biao as potential nodes upon which such chains may be constructed. [marriage strategies and patterns, conceptions of kinship space, cousin marriage, elementary structures of kinship, China]
state of siege on the hill of the cross
Authors: LINGER DANIEL T.
Published: November 2004

Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. NANCY SCHEPERHUGHES.
political resistance in a contemporary hunter‐gatherer society: more about Bearlake Athapaskan knowledge and authority
Authors: RUSHFORTH SCOTT
Published: November 2004

The northeastern Athapaskan‐speaking Bearlake Indians prefer experiential knowledge and primary epistemic reasons in the justification of beliefs. Bearlakers base local authority on such knowledge and justification, the epistemological and political significance of which derives historically from their hunter‐gatherer mode of production. In the 1970s, the association between primary knowledge and legitimate authority affected Bearlake opinion about and the form of their political opposition to proposed, externally controlled economic development. [hunter‐gatherers, Athapaskan, political resistance, knowledge, authority, trust]
Places, practices, and things: The articulation of Arrernte kinship with welfare and work
Authors: Austin‐Broos Diane
Published: November 2004

In this article, I discuss problems of articulation that occur between kin‐based and market‐based societies. In particular, I address Western Arrernte (Aranda) people in central Australia and their struggles to articulate bilateral kinship networks with a welfare economy and state. I also consider the transitions involved as Arrernte people come to objectify kin relations more in terms of commodities and cash and less in detailed knowledge and experience of country. My discussion aims to underline the tensions and struggles in an Arrernte circumstance sometimes overlooked in recent anthropology, which has focused either on ritual descent groups or on issues of welfare and economics without relating them to kinship. I identify differing contexts of ethnography, along with their import both for analysis and a politics of difference. [Aborigines, Aranda, articulation, bilateral kinship, commodities, welfare, demand sharing, central Australia]
The Meaning of Material Culture in a Materialistic Society
Authors: Shackel Paul A.
Published: November 2004

Grant McCracken. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988. xv. 174 pp. $27.50 (cloth).
Humanity and Comparative Mythology
Authors: Golden Kenneth L.
Published: November 2004

Robert A. Segal. Joseph Campbell: An Introduction. Revised edition. New York: Penguin, 1990. 288 pp. $4.95 paper).
Lithic Analysis and Activity Patterns at Labras Lake
Authors: Yerkes Richard W.
Published: November 2004

Lithic assemblages from four small Late Archaic (1850–800 BC) settlements at the Labras Lake site (ll‐S‐299) on the American Bottom, Illinois were examined and compared with the chipped stone artifacts associated with the Late Woodland (AD 900) and Mississippian (AD 1235) components at the site in an investigation of changes in stone tool utilization and lithic technology. The distribution of stone tools, debitage, and debris was examined, refitted artifacts were plotted, and microwear analysis was conducted in order to define areas of tool manufacturing and repair, determine tool function, and isolate activity areas. Activities associated with each component were then summarized and compared.
Diversity of the Upper Paleolithic “Venus Figurines and Archeological Mythology”
Authors: Nelson Sarah M.
Published: November 2004

Meanings attributed to Upper Paleolithic female figurines in the past have been based on the assumption that they are all alike in important ways. Attention is called here to the diversity of the figurines, and possible alternative interpretations.
Fisherwomen on the Kerala Coast
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Carol Chapnick
Published: November 2004

Leela Sulati. Fisherwomen On The Kerala Coast: Demographic And Socio‐Eonomic Impact Of. Fisheries Development Project International Labour Office, Geneva
Visual Review
Authors: Weil Jim
Published: November 2004

Bolivia. Adrian Caetano, director. Lita Stantic and Marías Mosteirín, producers. 75 min. Black and white. Argentina, 2001.

Freedom: La Libertad. Lisandro Alonso, director. Hugo Alberto Alonso and R/M Films, producers. 73 min. Color. Argentina, 2001
Ethnographic Autobiographies in American Anthropology
Authors: Brandes Stanley
Published: November 2004

The ethnographic biography has always had an important use in American anthropology. It has, however, been used for a variety of purposes and has employed various techniques in its application. These various uses and applications are explored in this review analysis of the “place” of the ethnographic biography in anthropology. The problems as well as the prospects of this important tool are also discussed.
A Socio‐Linguistic Inquiry into Language Change: Alsatian, A Case Study
Authors: Hessini Marguerite
Published: November 2004

Alternating French and German dominance, and concomitant differing language policies, have determined the state of Alsatian, a German dialect, spoken in Eastern France. Subjected to policies aimed at producing linguistic assimilation and uniformity, Alsatian has survived as a basically unwritten speech and has become a symbol of ethnic identity. Through intensive and prolonged exposure to French, it has incorporated numerous French borrowings which underwent various characteristic phonological and morphological changes. More recently, a general trend toward regionalism in France and an upsurge of protest movements, aiming at defending the rights of minorities, have generated a revival of the dialect.
Man, Morals and Metaevolution
Authors: Robinson J. T.
Published: November 2004

Abstract: This paper speculates on a new form of evolution that suggests that the way man evolves is essentially different from that of all other forms of animals or plants. It is postulated that evolution has proceeded through three phases, and that mankind is moving into phase IV with additional phases possible. Phase I consists of the systematic changes seen in the origin of the universe through physico‐chemical evolution. Phase II is that in which living organisms appear and evolve in form and function. When mammals reached a certain complexity, Phase III became possible. In Phase III culture replaces natural selection as the adaptive mechanism. The author further postulates that mankind is moving into Phase IV in which it is argued selfconscious cooperative behavior is necessary for future adaptation and development.