bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fermentation of Green Algae (Spirogyra majuscule Kuetz) using Immobilitation Technique of Ca-Alginate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Entrapment
Authors: Wibowo Atmanto Heru , Mubarokah Lailatul , Suratman Adhitasari
Published: March 2017

A study of batch fermentation of green algae (Spirogyra majuscula Kuetz) from Pengging Lake, Boyolali, Central Java for bioethanol source using immobilization technique of Ca-alginate for Saccaromyces cerevisiae entrapment has been done. The scope of the study emphasized on the best condition for the processes of hydrolysis and fermentation. Concentration of sulfuric acid and hydrolysis time were varied with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 M for 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, 360, 390, 420, and 450 min to obtain the maximum glucose content of UV analysis. Na-alginate : yeast ratio and fermentation time were varied with 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2 and 5:1 (w/w) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. Distillation at 70-80 °C was deployed to purify the fermentation product. The ethanol content in the product was analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The result of study showed that maximum glucose content was obtained 2.1% from 0.2 M sulfuric acid for 6 h of hydrolysis. Maximum ethanol content was obtained 54.1% from 2:4 ratio of Na-alginate : yeast (w/w) for 4 days of fermentation. The study also concludes that immobilization technique of Ca-alginate increase alcohol content compared to without immobilization of green-algae fermentation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acetonitrile Ligated Cu(II)-Complex and Its Catalytic Application for Transesterification of Frying Oil in Heterogeneous Phase
Authors: Pratikha Rycce Sylviana , Syukri Syukri , Admi Admi
Published: March 2017

Catalysts have played an important role in many industries because they allow the reaction occurs faster. The aim of this work were to synthesize and characterize a Cu(II)-acetonitrile complex immobilized on modified silica and to investigate its catalytic activity at optimal condition (catalyst concentration, stirring rate, and the duration of reaction) in transesterification of frying oil. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nano Laser-Particle Size Analyzer (NL-PSA) were used to characterized the catalyst obtained, metal loading and leaching of the copper content was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and the formation of product from transesterification reaction was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). FTIR spectra reveal a successful synthesis of modified silica and the immobilized Cu(II)-acetonitrile complex on it. NL-PSA Analysis showed that the catalyst possesed smaller particle size than the parent silica. Analysis with AAS confirms the stable catalysts formed because metal loading and leaching value were of 6.19 and 0.16%, respectively. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.80% catalyst concentration, 300 rpm stirring rate and 10 h duration of reaction.
SYNTHESIS 7-O-CARBOXYMETHYL-3’,4’-DIMETHOXYISOFLAVONE
Authors: Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Matsjeh Sabirin , Anwar Chairil , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: March 2017

Synthesis of 7-O-carboxymethyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone from 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone derived from eugenol had been done. 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone was first converted into 7-O-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone via substitution of hydroxyl group at 7-O position by ethyl-2 chloro acetate through bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2). Hydrolysis of ester group of 7-O-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone using KOH produce 7-O-carboxymethyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone in 93.4% yield as a white solid with melting point of 155-159 °C.
SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: Harmastuti Nuraini , Herowati Rina , Susilowati Dyah , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Mubarika Sofia
Published: March 2017

Chalcone, an α,β-unsaturated ketone, has been shown have many biological activities such as anticancer and antifungi. This research was conducted to synthesize the chalcone derivatives and to obtain their cytotoxic activity on human cervix cancer cell lines. Synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives, 4II-methylchalcone, 4II-methoxychalcone, and 3II,4II-dichlorochalcone was carried out using starting materials of benzaldehide and acetofenon, p-methylacetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, as well as m,p-dichloroacetophenone through Claisen Schmidt condensation catalized by NaOH in ethanol at 15 °C. The purity of synthesized compounds were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, melting range, and gas chromatography. Structure elucidations were conducted by UV spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, as well as mass spectrometer. Cytotoxic activities were determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) microculture tetrazolium viability assay. The results showed that chalcone and derivatives compounds have been able to be synthesized and purified and had the same structure as a predicted structure. Chalcone had highest cytotoxic activity compared to that of its derivatives, with the IC50 values of chalcone, 4II-methylchalcone, 4II-methoxychalcone, and 3II,4II-dichlorochalcone were 9.49, 14.79, 11.48, and 24.26 µg/mL respectively. It was concluded that methyl, methoxy as well as chlorine substitution at 3 II and 4II position decrease the cytotoxic activity of chalcone.
PHOSPHATE AND NITRATE REMOVAL FROM DRINKING WATER SOURCES USING ACRYLAMIDE-FERRIHYDRITE GEL
Authors: Rumhayati Barlah , Bisri Chasan , Bisri Chasan , Kusumawati Heni , Yasmin Faridah
Published: March 2017

Phosphate and nitrate ions removal from drinking water has been conducted using acrylamide-ferrihydrite gel. The gel was prepared by mixing the ferrihydrite paste and acrylamide gel solution followed by casting at temperature 42-46 °C for at least one hour. The effect of pH and concentration of phosphate and nitrates to the percent of removal were investigated. Desorption efficiency was also investigated using sulphuric acid at various concentration. As a result, phosphate and nitrate could be removed optimally at pH 5. The solution concentration of nitrate for optimum removal was 10 mg/L NO3-, whilst phosphate could be removed optimally at concentration of 0.3 mg/L PO43-. The analytes could be desorbed from the gel using H2SO4 0.3 M. In application, phosphate and nitrate in the drinking water sources could be removed up to 70%.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON 15-CROWN-5 COMPLEX WITH SOME METAL CATIONS
Authors: Yahmin Yahmin , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Armunanto Ria
Published: March 2017

The capability of 15-crown-5 ethers to form complexes with some metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+) was investigated by an ab initio quantum mechanical method. The calculations were performed at the RHF/lanl2mb level of theory. The interaction energies were used to evaluate the metal binding capability of the crown ether. The effect of nature of the metal on the binding properties was also studied. The results of the calculations showed that the interaction energy of the complexes increased in proportion with the ratio of ion charge, electronegativity and ionization potential to the cation diameter. In addition, based on the extraction distribution coefficient in the gas phase, it is found that the 15-crown-5 could not extract metal cations investigated.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF (1)-N-ALKYL- AND (1)-N-BENZYL-6-NITRO-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM SALTS AS NEW POTENTIAL ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS
Authors: Hadanu Ruslin , Mastjeh Sabirin , Jumina Jumina , Mustofa Mustofa , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Wijayanti Mahardika Agus
Published: March 2017

The synthesis of 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline hydrate 2 derivatives from 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate as starting material has been carried out. The 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline hydrate 2 was obtained through nitration reaction using H2SO4 and HNO3 as catalyst and reagent, respectively. Synthesis of (1)-N-alkyl-6-nitro- and (1)-N-benzyl-6-nitro-1,10-phenanthrolinium have been prepared using dimethyl sulphate (DMS), diethyl sulphate (DES), benzyl chloride, benzyl bromine, and benzyl iodide. The reagents of benzyl bromine, and benzyl iodide were synthesized from benzyl chloride using NaBr in ethanol absolute and NaI in acetone, respectively. The five compounds of 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline hydrate 2 derivatives were conducted to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The in vitro antiplasmodial was evaluated on strains of Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 resistant chloroquine and D10 sensitive chloroquine. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of the five compounds ranged from 2.41±1.41 to 0.07±0.01 μM. The results showed that the (1)-N-benzyl-6-nitro-1,10-phenanthrolinium iodide had highest antiplasmodial activity.
RAPID SOLVENT-FREE MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF SOME N’-BENZYLIDENE SALICYLIC ACID HYDRAZIDES
Authors: Budiati Tutuk , D.A. Stephanie , Widjajakusuma Elisabeth Catherina
Published: March 2017

Condensation reaction has been carried out for the synthesis of some N'-benzylidene-2-hydroxybenzohydrazides using microwave assisted solvent-free method. The structures of all the products obtained in the present work are supported by spectral and analytical data (UV, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy). The desired hydrazides are in 62-80% yields under microwave irradiation. The reaction was completed in 8-10 min.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHOXY-4,6-DI(PROP-1-ENYL)PHENOL FROM EUGENOL AND ITS ACTIVITY AS AN ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Hernawan Hernawan , Purwono Bambang , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: March 2017

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methoxy-4,6-di(prop-1-enyl) phenol from eugenol have been investigated. Synthesis was conducted through three stages of reaction. The first step was CTAB micellar catalytic O-allylation reaction at room temperature, to give 4-allyl-1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2). Compound (2) was subsequently heated for Claisen rearrangement and produced 2,4-diallyl-6- methoxyphenol (3). The final steps was isomerization of compound (3) in alkaline conditions in ethylene glycol, to yield 2-methoxy-4,6-di(prop-1-enyl) phenol (4). Antioxidant activity test was conducted by TBARS and DPPH methods. TBARS test showed that the compound (4) at a concentration of 50 μM could inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid shown by the increasing of time lag phase (96 ± 2.94 min), reducing the rate of propagation (± 54.54%) and reducing of malonal dialdehyde (MDA) formation (68.04 ± 0.84%). The DPPH test revealed that compound (4) indicated DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 107.66 μM and comparable with IC50 for BHT 107.37 μM.
STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF NOVEL CALIX[6]ARENE POLYMERS FOR HEAVY METAL CATIONS
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Jumina Jumina , Santosa Sri Juari , Mustofa Mustofa , Ohto Keisuke
Published: March 2017

A research has been conducted to investigate the capability of a series of novel calix[6]arenes-based polymers: poly-monoallyloxycalix[6]arene (2a), poly-monoallyloxypenta-estercalix[6]arene (2b) and poly-monoallyloxypenta-acidcalix[6]arene (2c) for trapping of heavy metal cations such as Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III). The existence of active hydroxy group (-OH) and with a tunnel-like structure of the polymers, caused the polymers can be used as adsorbents for heavy metals. The adsorption process was carried out in batch method in the variation of acidity (pH), contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed metal increased with the increasing of the pH of metal solution. For these three polymers, the amount of metal ions Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) adsorbed was optimum at pH 7, 6 and 5 respectively. The optimum contact time for Cd(II) and Cu(II) was 120 min, while that for Cr(III) was 60 min. Study of the adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) using polymer 2a followed kinetics model of Ho. For adsorbent 2b and 2c, the adsorption kinetics of Cd(II) and Cr(III) also followed kinetics model of Ho while for the Cu(II) followed Lagergren kinetic models. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of metal ions on all adsorbents tend to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption energies of the three adsorbents were higher than 23 kJ/mole and polymer 2c has the largest adsorption capacity for Cr(III).
Pergantian Sink pada Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel berbasis ZigBee dengan Prioritas Formasi Tree
Authors: Zuliansyah Mochammad , Mutiara Giva Andriana
Published: March 2017

Perkembangan teknologi wireless akhir-akhir ini semakin pesat, hal ini dibuktikan dengan munculnya suatu teknologi wireless baru yang dikenal dengan ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4). ZigBee adalah suatu protokol pada jaringan wireless yang dikhususkan untuk perangkat sensor, sehingga hanya memerlukan power dan data rate yang rendah tetapi mempunyai jangkauan yang luas serta tingkat keamanan yang tinggi. Pada umumnya, satu jaringan ZigBee hanya mempunyai satu koordinator yang dinamakan sink. Tetapi dimungkinkan terjadi kondisi bahwa sink tersebut tidak dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik, sehingga harus ditentukan sink baru agar fungsi jaringan dapat dipertahankan. Penelitian ini mencoba menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada dengan melakukan analisis terhadap algoritma Multi-Tree Construction With The High-Weightfirst Property (MT-HW) dan algoritma Multi-Tree Construction With The Edge-Overlap-First Property (MT-EO) sebagai pembanding. Algoritma yang diusulkan pada penelitian ini disebut dengan Priority Based Sink Assignment (PBSA). Pemodelan jaringan Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) menggunakan NS-2 (Network Simulator 2) dalam implementasi topologi tree.
Pemilihan Opsi Regulasi Layanan Pita Frekuensi Radio 2,3 GHz Untuk Keperluan Layanan Pita Lebar Nirkabel Dengan Metode Regulatory Impact Analysis
Authors: Manan Zainullah , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memilih opsi yang tepat bagi regulasi layanan pita frekuensi radio 2,3 GHz khususnya pita frekuensi radio 2360 – 2390 MHz untuk keperluan layanan pita lebar nirkabel (BWA) yang terdapat pada Kepdirjen 94/DIRJEN/2008, 95/DIRJEN/2008 dan 96/DIRJEN/ 2008 dengan metode analisa dampak regulasi (Regulatory Impact Analysis-RIA). Metodelogi penelitian ini, dilakukan dengan penelitian kualitatif , disertai studi literatur/pustaka, internet dan kuesioner sebagai pelengkap. Analisa menggunakan metode Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) dengan 10 pertanyaan RIA yang telah di ajukan ke Regulator Ditjen Pos dan Telekomunikasi sesuai dengan standard OECD. Hasil penelitian berupa 3 (tiga) opsi yaitu : Opsi 1 (Konsisten/Status Quo).Opsi ini pada intinya adalah tetap pada kebijakan yang tercantum dalam dokumen seleksi dan regulasi terkait lainnya, Opsi 2 (Merespon Aspirasi Industri/Membolehkan 802.16e). Opsi ini pada intinya adalah memperbolehkan pemenang seleksi untuk memilih teknologi BWA yang akan digunakan, namun tetap dibawah standar IEEE 802.16 sehingga pilihannya adalah standar IEEE 802.16d atau 802.16e. Opsi 3 (Hybrid/Pembagian Wilayah). Opsi ini pada intinya adalah hybrid atau “jalan tengah” dari Opsi 1 dan Opsi 2. Opsi ini membagi satu zona layanan yang menjadi wilayah penyelenggaraan suatu pemenang seleksi menjadi 2 bagian, wilayah yang akan menggunakan teknologi 802.16d dan wilayah yang akan menggunakan teknologi 802.16e. Dari ketiga opsi yang diajukan, dipilih opsi 2 (Merespon Aspirasi Industri/Membolehkan 802.16e). Opsi ini pada intinya adalah memperbolehkan pemenang seleksi untuk memilih teknologi BWA yang akan digunakan, namun tetap dibawah standar IEEE 802.16 sehingga pilihannya adalah standar IEEE 802.16d atau IEEE 802.16e.
Efisiensi Biaya dan Optimasi Data Rate pada Jaringan System Banking Online
Authors: Rosano Andi , Setiawan Bambang , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Operasional dan pelayanan kepada nasabah suatu bank dengan system online sangat tergantung kepada kinerja dari jaringan komunikasi data, baik komunikasi data antara kantor pusat dengan kantor cabang maupun pelayanan langsung kepada nasabah melalui terminal atau channel transaksi.Biaya suatu bank untuk mengoperasikan jaringan komunikasi data merupakan salah satu biaya operasional bank yang terbesar. Usaha melakukan efisiensi biaya dan optimasi pemakaian data rate jaringan system banking online harus dilakukan guna menurunkan biaya operasional sekaligus peningkatan kinerja jaringan. Untuk itu digunakan kerangka kerja terukur berdasarkan e-TOM (Enhanced Telecom Operation Map).Untuk mendapatkan nilai-nilai Key Performance Indicators (KPI) dilakukan pengukuran terhadap besarnya data rate yang diperlukan oleh banking system, jumlah seluruh paket data yang ditransmisikan, besarnya data yang mampu ditransmisikan, dan banyaknya data yang tak dikehendaki pada segmen jaringan.Berdasarkan Key Performance Indicators (KPI) tersebut dilakukan perubahan setting data rate dan pengaturan alokasi port data komunikasi pada segmen jaringan hingga didapatkan nilai KPI terbaik.
Mengukur Cash Conversion Cycle Perusahaan Terbuka Operator Telekomunikasi Seluler Di Indonesia Dalam Keterkaitannya Dengan Kinerja Pengelolaan Modal Kerja
Authors: Benardi Beny , Bakara Minarnita Verawati
Published: March 2017

Tingkat kinerja pengelolaan modal kerja perusahaan terbuka operatortelekomunikasi selular di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor-faktorkeuangan yang yang dapat diukur menggunakan rasio keuangan. Tujuandari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan melaluiparameter Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) Populasi dalam penelitian iniadalah seluruh perusahaan terbuka operator telekomunikasi selular yangterdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2006-2010. Sampel terdiridari 5 perusahaan terbuka bidang telekomunikasi. Pengaruh variabel CCCterhadap ROA dan ROE diteliti menggunakan metode analisis korelasiPearson. Hasil penelitian menyajikan analisa parameter Days SalesOutstanding (DSO), Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) dan Days PayableOutstanding (DPO) masing-masing operator telekomunikasi selulartersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata nilai CCC perusahaanterbuka sebesar -68,96 hari.
Analisa Kelayakan Perencanaan Penerapan Teknologi IPTV untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Bisnis Perusahaan
Authors: Suni Eugenius Kau , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Teknologi penyiaran dalam sebuah perusahaan telekomunikasi berbasislayanan televisi (TV) terus berkembang dari waktu ke waktu seiringperkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Perubahan inidapat dilihat pada layanan TV analog yang berkembang ke TV digital,kemudian berkembang juga ke arah layanan TV berbasis internetprotocol. Saat ini teknologi Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) jugasudah makin diperkenalkan sebagai salah satu pilihan yang menarik,baik bagi pengguna (user/costumer) dan pelaku industri (businessman).Menarik bagi user antara lain karena teknologi IPTV mampumenyediakan layanan multimedia TV yang lebih interaktif sehingga userdapat berkomunikasi timbal-balik secara real time melalui pesawattelevisi standar setelah terhubung dengan sebuah penyedia content.Pilihan content ini pun dapat dilakukan sesuai kesukaan tanpa bataswaktu. Sementara bagi pengusaha, hal ini dapat menjadi suatu lahanbaru untuk mengembangkan bisnis telekomunikasi guna meningkatkanpendapatan (revenue) dan pertambahan nilai bisnis (business valueadded) pada sebuah perusahaan. Di sejumlah negara maju, teknologiIPTV sudah diterapkan sebagai suatu layanan bisnis telekomunikasiyang dapat memberikan kepuasan bagi user/costumer dan dapatmeningkatkan pendapatan perusahaan. Sementara di Indonesia belumbegitu populer dan berkembang dengan baik. Sebab IPTV berhadapantantangan antara lain ketidakmampuan sumber daya, pengetahuanmasyarakat yang terbatas, layanan internet yang belum maksimal, danpermasalahan lainnya. Penelitian ini untuk membahas analisa kelayakanperencanaan penerapan teknologi IPTV untuk meningkatkan nilai bisnisperusahaan, dengan studi kasus pada PT.First Media Tbk, menggunakanteori pemodelan Porter’s 5 Forces.
Komunikasi Antar Robot Menggunakan RF Xbee dan Arduino Microcontroller
Authors: Yuliza Yuliza
Published: March 2017

Komunikasi wireless sekarang berkembang sangat pesat karena sangatefisien penggunaannya. Salah satu penggunnaan teknologi wirelessjarak dekat yang banyak digunakan adalah perangkat yang bisadintegrasikan dengan perangkat lain. Komunikasi antar robot adalahproses penyampaian infromasi untuk melakukan sesuatu perintah.Komunikasi antar robot merupakan komponen penting dalam interaksidalam robot majemuk dan lingkungannya. Dalam sistem robotmajemuk, robot leader menyampaikan perintah kepada robot followeruntuk menyelesaikan tugas sehingga terjadi koordinasi antar robotBentuk komunikasi antar robot secara wireless dengan menggunakansinyal XBee. Bentuk komunikasi ini robot ini berupa perintah kepadarobot follower untuk mengikut gerakan robot leader. Keuntungankomunikasi antar robot ini adalah efisiensi dalam menyelesaikan tugas.Dengan waktu yang cepat perintah dapat disampaikan secara broadcastkepada follower sehingga dapat menyelesaikan perkerjaan secarabersamaan.
Analisis Keamanan Arsitektur Jaringan Masa Depan Berbasis Protocol Blocks Sebagai Pedoman Untuk Menggantikan Arsitektur Jaringan Masa Kini
Authors: Nugraha Beny
Published: March 2017

Arsitektur Jaringan Masa Depan (Future Network Architectures) sedang dikembangkan di berbagai negara untuk mengatasi masalah pada jaringan internet saat ini seperti tidak fleksibel (Jika ingin mengubah satu protokol dalam satu layer maka memerlukan perubahan protokol di layer yang berbeda lain. Sebagai contoh, untuk mengubah dari IPv4 ke IPv6 memerlukan versi modifikasi dari TCP) dan tidak mampu memberikan mekanisme keamanan secara intrinsik atau dengan kata lain mekanisme keamanan perlu ditambahkan untuk mengatasi ancaman keamanan yang baru. Sebagai contoh, IPsec untuk melindungi komunikasi IP. Salah satu basis yang digunakan untuk mendeseain Jaringan Masa Depan adalah protocol blocks, di mana jaringan akan terdiri dari sekumpulan protokol-protokol yang bersesuaian untuk menjalankan aplikasi tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas dua buah Jaringan Masa Depan yang berbasis protocol blocks, yaitu Service Oriented Network Architectures (SONATE) dan Netlet-based Node Architecture (NENA). Selain akan dibahas konsep atau cara kerja dari kedua arsitektur tersebut, juga akan dibahas bagaimana kedua jaringan tersebut mengamankan jaringannya, kemudian akan dibandingkan dengan keamanan pada jaringan Internet masa kini. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisa keamanan adalah kombinasi antara metode system-centric dan attack centric. Masalah keamanan pada setiap arsitektur didapatkan dengan membandingkan antara mekanisme keamanan pada setiap arsitektur dan mekanisme keamanan untuk menangani serangan keamanan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah, kedua Jaringan Masa Depan tersebut mampu memberikan level keamanan yang sama dengan jaringan internet masa kini, namun keuntungannya adalah, kedua jaringan tersebut mampu berjalan secara fleksibel karena dapat menggunakan protokol-protokol keamanan yang diinginkan secara bebas dan dapat ditukar-tukar karena protokol-protokol tersebut ditempatkan ke dalam protocol blocks. Oleh karena itu, kedua Jaringan Masa Depan tersebut memiliki potensi untuk menggantikan jaringan internet masa kini.
Analisis Risiko Proyek Sistim Disaster Recovery Center dengan Sistim Kerjasama Build Operate Transfer
Authors: Haryanti Fitri , Krisnadi Iwan , Bakara Minarnita Verawati
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini melakukan Risk Assessment untuk mengetahui dan mengelola potensi risiko-risiko pada proyek sistem Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) dengan menggunakan sistem kerjasama bisnis Build Operate Transfer (BOT) yang dipandang dapat membantu dari segi sumber dana pembiayaan proyek dari pihak rekanan swasta. Pada penelitian ini kategori risiko yang akan dianalisis dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa kategori yaitu risiko pada masa konstruksi (Build level), masa Operasional (Operate level), dan masa Transfer (Transfer level). Masing-masing kategori Risiko tersebut diidentifikasi potensi-potensi Risiko yang mungkin terjadi. Hasil dari pengolahan data kuesioner menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) serta metode Probability Impact Matrix dari 28 (dua puluh delapan) variabel risiko yang teridentifikasi di awal diperoleh 15 (lima belas) variabel risiko diantaranya yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi High Risk dan 13 (tiga belas) variabel risiko termasuk dalam klasifikasi Medium Risk. Dari hasil analisis alokasi risiko terdapat 4 (empat) variabel risiko yang termasuk dalam perbedaan alokasi, risiko-risiko ini memiliki peluang yang besar menimbulkan perselisihan serta tuntutan antara pihak-pihak yang terkait dalam kontrak konsesi.Berdasarkan hasil analisis risiko tersebut dirumuskan strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah/menghilangkan, membagi/mentransfer, atau mengurangi kerugian /dampak yang terjadi.
Perancangan dan Penerapan RFID untuk Monitoring Penggunaan BBG pada Kendaraan Umum
Authors: Huda Amirul
Published: March 2017

Sebagai negara produsen gas yang besar, pemanfaatan BBG di Indonesia terhitung sangat kecil. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan hal ini adalah rendahnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap keamanan penggunaan BBG. Pemeriksaan kondisi tabung sebagai komponen kunci belum diterapkan sesuai regulasi yang ada. Sebuah sistem yang menerapkan teknologi RFID untuk memonitor kondisi tabung secara preventif berdasarkan data umur dan penggunaannya diterapkan pada lima SPBG dan satu bengkel uji. Pada sistem ini diilakukan deteksi dini kondisi tabung pada kendaraan umum saat melakukan pengisian BBG dan dikeluarkan rekomendasi pengujian tabung sesuai regulasi yang berlaku untuk meminimalisasi resiko penggunaan BBG pada kendaraan. Dari data yang terkumpul terdeteksi sejumlah kendaraan yang melanggar aturan batas waktu uji tabung.
Analisis Bandwidth Jaringan Internet PLIK dengan Metode Fuzzy Sugeno
Authors: Natsir Mochamad
Published: March 2017

Internet is a major part in the development and progress of the nation, especially the Indonesian nation, government issued a policy in Candy Kominfo about PLIK program (District Internet Service Center) which has a strategic role in sustaining and supporting economic activity, strengthening defense and security and the intellectual life of the nation. In the implementation of the program PLIK (District Internet Service Center) have not been targeted in a side benefit, this program should have as a means to meet the needs of information and knowledge, but rather the mere entertainment and more oriented to the business, which is equated with the cafe. This study attempts to retrieve the data in bandwidth usage that will be processed by the method of Fuzzy Sugeno and will generate average maximum bandwidth usage in applications Browsing, Download and Streaming. In determining the average bandwidth usage using Fuzzy Sugeno, From the average bandwidth will be used as a reference in determining the usage restrictions Browsing, Download and Stream with the aim to give control over bandwidth usage for applications Browsing, Download and Streaming.
Analisa Propagasi Gelombang Continuous Wave Pada Radio Amatir di Frequency 21 MHz
Authors: Marzuki Marza Ihsan , Irawan Bambang
Published: March 2017

Ionosfer merupakan lapisan atmosfer bumi pada ketinggian ratusan kilometer di atas permukaan laut. Sebagai zantara yang dirambati gelombang electromagnetic, ionosfer berupa plasma, yakni gas yang terdiri atas electron-electron dan ion-ion positif pasangannya dalam keseimbangan dinamik. Ketinggian lapisan ionosfer mempengaruhi besarnya frekuensi yang dapat dipantulkan oleh lapisan ionosfer. Perhitungan dua parameter komunikasi radio HF, yakni frekuensi maksimum dan waktu terbaik untuk berkomunikasi. Dengan menggunakan perumusan Multi Quasi Parabolic tersebut dilakukan perhitungan dengan menggunakan asumsi jari-jari bumi di ekuator yaitu 6378.3888 kilometer, dari hasil analisa tersebut didapat bahwa frekuensi maksimum radio HF bergantung kepada kerapatan electron dan ketinggian (h) lapisan ionosfer serta jarak komunikasi (d), untuk komunikasi radio jarak jauh diperlukan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan komunikasi jarak dekat, untuk komunikasi jarak jauh diperlukan tiang antenna yang lebih tinggi, komunikasi radio pada malam hari lebih rentan terhadap gangguan oleh obyek di sekitar antenna sehingga diperlukan tiang antenna yang lebih tinggi.
Studi Parameter Dualband Bandpass Filter Stub Loaded Square Open Loop Resonator
Authors: Astuti Dian Widi , Dermawan Indra , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: March 2017

Filter merupakan bagian penting pada proses penerimaan dan pengiriman informasi baik itu berupa data, suara ataupun gambar. Filter berfungsi untuk menyeleksi frekuensi mana saja yang ingin dilewatkan atau dibuang sehingga penamaan suatu filter, berdasarkan atas fungsi dari filter itu sendiri, salah satunya adalah dualband bandpass filter yang berfungsi untuk melewatkan frekuensi antara f1 sampai f2 dan f3 sampai f4 dan membuang frekuensi di bawah f1, frekuensi antara f2 sampai f3 dan di atas f4. Pada dasarnya dualband bandpass filter merupakan sebuah filter yang memiliki dua buah bandpass filter. Dualband pass filter ini bisa diaplikasikan pada frekuensi uplink dan downlink ataupun pada dua aplikasi frekuensi yang berbeda, misalkan pada GSM 900 dan LTE. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan realisasi suatu filter berbahan mikrostrip pada aplikasi LTE yaitu di frekuensi 1800 MHz dan 2600 MHz. Pada 4G LTE 1800 MHz memiliki frekuensi 1710-1785 MHz untuk uplink dan 1805-1880 MHz untuk downlink, Sedangkan pada frekuensi 2600 MHz memiliki pembagian frekuensi 2500-2570 MHz untuk uplink dan 2620-2690 MHz untuk downlink. Perancangan dualband bandpass filter ini memiliki bentuk square open loop resonator dengan penambahan stub di tengah resonator. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua buah model dualband bandpass filter. Pada pengukuran kedua prototype dualband bandpass filter tersebut terjadi pergeseran frekuensi tengah dari tiap model, dimana pergeserannya dapat mencapai 73 MHz lebih kecil dari frekuensi tengah asalnya seperti yang terjadi pada model pertama. Diperoleh nilai insertion loss terbaik pada model kedua sebesar 2,195 dB pada frekuensi tengah 1,785 GHz. Begitu juga pada nilai return loss didapat sebesar 33,86 dB pada frekuensi tengah 2,567 GHz.
Consideraciones psicosociales respecto al estado actual de la niñez y la juventud
Authors: Vargas Mora Lorena
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo consiste en una lectura analítica y crítica de los autores Henry A. Giroux, Anthony Giddens y D.W. Winnicott, que dan pensamiento y palabras a mis observaciones clínicas de la última década en relación con la falsedad ideológica que consume a la juventud actual de niños y adolescentes, que distorsionan los procesos de identidad y propician desarreglos en el desarrollo de su carácter. El trasfondo de esa falsedad ideológica se encuentra en una economía de mercado que crea realidades aparentes, homologa, desconoce y separa los valores de mercado y los valores de la sociedad civil, lo que contribuye a alterar la adquisición de significados sociales y morales de una juventud que, además de llevar a cabo un trabajo de identidad en franca transitividad debido al crecimiento, sufre además del secuestro de su particular experiencia, fundamental para el desarrollo de sus específicos procesos culturales.
José Martí y su idea de libertad en “Tres Héroes”
Authors: Villalobos Paniagua Ricardo
Published: March 2017

El concepto de libertad en la historia del pensamiento humano ha tenido muchas vertientes en cuanto la interpretación dada. Un concepto que parece ser muy sencillo, en realidad es diverso y complejo; desde las definiciones filosóficas, hasta las psicológicas y sociológicas, por ejemplo, nos brindan esta diversidad. En José Martí el tinte que toma esta definición es muy estimado entre los intelectuales de Latinoamérica por su riqueza expresiva y porque en ella, más que una concepción de rasgos filosóficos, se halla una de características poéticas. El mayor pecado de una nación está en olvidar su historia, se repite este axioma constantemente y acá se vuelve a rememorar para llamar la atención de las conciencias e inconsciencias.
The relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the performance of Saudi listed firms
Authors: Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: March 2017

This paper gauges, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the pertinent variables to corporate governance practices and their relationship to business productivity in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted in response to the limited literature in this context. A new code of corporate governance was issued by the Saudi Arabian Capital Market Authority as a direct consequence of the 2006 stock market crash; in 2010, the code was made mandatory for listed firms. Rigorous empirical studies are practical not only for Saudi Arabia and its policy makers but also potentially for solving global investment issues and ensuring security. This study found two variables to have a significant negative relation: chief executive officer turnover and independent board members. Thus, greater rates of chief executive officer turnover are associated with negative firm performance. In addition, independent board directors’ negative value was found to be very close to zero and significant only at the 10% level. Consequently, some caution is required when considering this result.
Academic spin-offs for the local economy growth
Authors: Carlesi Ada , Mariani Giovanna , Scarfò Alfredo Antonino
Published: March 2017

Some research supports the suggestion that start-ups can represent a driver in job creation, economic growth, innovation and competitiveness. In the Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan and in the Action Plan on Building a Capital Market Union (2015), one of the main actions is promoting entrepreneurship, to support financing innovation for start-ups, to develop a capital market able to stimulate new business and their growth. Policy makers support start-ups and the university promote its 3rd mission, technology transfer, with a policy of new businesses, with academic spin-offs (ASOs). Academic spin-offs can produce direct and indirect benefits on local economies, but these companies encounter many difficulties to develop. The difficulties of access to finance and lack of managerial skills are the main constraints of growth identified in literature. In the paper, we describe the results of an empirical research on spin–offs of the University of Pisa, with the purpose to capture both the benefits generated in the local area and their contribution to relation capital of the university, but also their difficulties in growth. We found that academic spin-offs have produced important effects on local economies, especially with new jobs, but they reveal some criticisms of financial management behavior, which hampers their development. In the conclusion, we debate about the role of the Capital market Union actions by promoting “financing for innovation” for the growth of academic spin-offs.
Remarks on upper and lower bounds formatching sequencibility of graphs
Authors: Chiba Shuya , Nakano Yuji
Published: March 2017

In 2008, Alspach [The Wonderful Walecki Construction, Bull. Inst. Combin.
Appl. 52 (2008) 7-20] defined the matching sequencibility of a graph G to be
the largest integer k such that there exists a linear ordering of its edges
so that every k consecutive edges in the linear ordering form a matching of
G, which is denoted by ms(G). In this paper, we show that every graph G of
size q and maximum degree ? satisfies 1/2?q/?+1? ? ms(G) ? ?q?1/??1? by
using the edge-coloring of G, and we also improve this lower bound for some
particular graphs. We further discuss the relationship between the matching
sequencibility and a conjecture of Seymour about the existence of the kth
power of a Hamilton cycle.
De-Haan type conditions for max domains of attraction
Authors: Liao Xin , Pengy Zuoxiang
Published: March 2017

Motivated by de Haan?s pioneering work, this paper gives some general
sufficient and necessary conditions that functions are regularly varying and
??-varying, respectively. Specially, these criteria can be employed to
determine whether a given distribution belongs to one of the max-domains of
attractions of extreme value distributions.
Applications of soft intersection sets to hemirings via SI-h-bi-ideals and SI-h-quasi-ideals
Authors: Ma Xueling , Zhan Jianming , Davvaz Bijan
Published: March 2017

The aim of this paper is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic
tool in considering many problems that contains uncertainties. In order to
provide these soft algebraic structures, we introduce the concepts of
SI-h-bi-ideals and SI-h-quasi-ideals of hemirings. The relationships between
these kinds of soft intersection h-ideals are established. Finally, some
characterizations of h-hemiregular, h-intra-hemiregular and
h-quasi-hemiregular hemirings are investigated by these kinds of soft
intersection h-ideals.
Two stage surgical repair of type II acute aortic dissection and aortic coarctation in a 12-year-old child
Authors: Milovanovic Vladimir , Vulicevic Irena , Zecevic Tatjana , Djukic Milan , Ilic Slobodan , Mimic Branko
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Combination of acute aortic dissection associated with aortic coarctation in pediatric population is extremely rare. We are presenting a 12-year-old patient with these two conditions who was successfully treated with two-stage surgery. Case Outline. A boy with no trauma history was admitted for chest pain. The diagnosis of acute aortic dissection associated with aortic coarctation was established with echocardiography and computed tomography angiography. Emergent surgery was performed ? excision of the ascending aorta aneurysm with supracoronary graft replacement and preservation of native aortic valve. Subsequently, through posterolateral left thoracotomy, the patient underwent end-to-end aortoplasty for coarctation repair. Conclusion. Two-stage surgery provides favorable outcome in this rare, life threatening condition in the pediatric age group. Native aortic valve was preserved and extra-anatomic bypass of aortic coarctation was avoided. Further monitoring of aortic valve is mandatory.
Coincidence of retinitis pigmentosa and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Authors: Bozic Marija , Markovic Vujica , Marjanovic Ivan , Maric Vesna
Published: March 2017

Introduction. This is an observational case report presenting retinitis pigmentosa associated with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Case outline. A 69-year-old man presented with retinitis pigmentosa. On examination, pseudoexfoliative material was detected on anterior segment structures, and intraocular pressure was 26 mmHg in the right and 24 mmHg in the left eye. The patient was commenced on topical antiglaucomatous therapy (timolol + dorzolamide twice daily, latanoprost once in the evening) to both eyes. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of retinitis pigmentosa associated with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Although rare, retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma can occur in the same eye.
Necrotizing soft tissue infection in pregnancy
Authors: Nestorovic Milica , Stanojevic Goran , Pecic Vanja , Brankovic Branko , Radojkovic Milan , Jeremic Ljiljana , Stevanovic Goran
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a life-threatening condition, characterized by widely spread necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia and muscles. Treatment involves surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Mortality is still high due to diagnostic delays. NSTI is rare in general population, there are even less literature data of this condition in pregnancy. Timely diagnosis and therapy is crucial for outcome of these patients. Clinicians should have in mind NSTI in patients with perianal infections, especially in cases where immunosuppressive role of pregnancy is present. Case outline. We present a case of a 21-year-old pregnant woman with NSTI spreading from perianal region. The patient was admitted to hospital in the 31st week of otherwise healthy twin pregnancy one day after incision of perianal abscess. At admission she was examined by a gynecologist; vital signs were stable, laboratory results showed the presence of infection. She was referred for another surgical procedure and broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed. The next morning the patient complained of intense abdominal pain. Clinical exam revealed only discrete redness of the skin tender on palpation, crepitating. She was immediately referred to surgery. Intraoperative findings revealed massive soft tissue infection spreading up to the chest wall. Wide skin incisions and debridement were performed. The patient developed septic shock and after initial resuscitation gynecologist confirmed intrauterine death of twins and indicated labor induction. Over the next few days the patient?s general condition improved. On several occasions the wounds were aggressively debrided under general anesthesia, which left the patient with large abdominal wall defect. Twenty-three days after the initial operation, the defect was reconstructed with partial-thickness skin grafts, providing satisfactory results. Conclusion. Diagnosis and outcome of NSTI are challenging for many reasons. Course of the disease is rapid and hidden. Chances of survival depend on early recognition and prompt treatment.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling patterns and force characteristics of flow over in-line four square cylinders
Authors: Song Yidan , Zhu Rui , Simon Terrence , Xie Gongnan
Published: March 2017

The flow over four square cylinders in an in-line, square arrangement was numerically investigated by using the finite volume method with CFD techniques. The working fluid is an incompressible ideal gas. The length of the sides of the array, L, is equal. The analysis is carried out for a Reynolds number of 300, with center-to-center distance ratios, L/D, ranging from 1.5 to 8.0. To fully understand the flow mechanism, details in terms of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers of the unsteady wake frequencies are analyzed, and the vortex shedding patterns around the four square cylinders are described. It is concluded that L/D has important effects on the drag and lift coefficients, vortex shedding frequencies, and flow field characteristics.
دراسة مظهرية حبوب اللقاح لأنواع الجنس.Satureja Lمن العائلة الشفوية (Labiatae) في العراق
Authors: نصرالله اسراء كريم
Published: March 2017

تناول البحث الحالي دراسة  حبوب لقاح خمسة انواع  من الجنس Satureja L. وهي (Xaumh) Boiss. S. boisseriو.TenS. cuneifolia وC.Koch S. laxifloraو S macranthaC. A. MeyوS.metastasianthaRech.F.    ،وتضمنت الدراسة قياس ابعاد حبوب اللقاح وأشكالها في المنظرين القطبي والاستوائي وطول الاخاديد والمسافة بين اخدودين متجاورين وقياس قطرالبقعة القطبية وسمك الجدار الخارجي، وقد اظهرت الدراسة تغايرات في صفات حبوب لقاح بين الانواع المدروسة .
Metabolic syndrome in Iraqi female patients with major β-thalassemia
Authors: Abdulsada Shaemaa Hadi , Farag Aliaa Hashim , Kamil Hassanain , Abdul-Rudha Salma , Hussein Ali Abdulrassol
Published: March 2017

Patients with β-thalassemia may have an increased risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases due to high level of iron which may lead to insulin resistanceand metabolic syndrome. So this study aimed to evaluate the levels of lipids profile in Iraqi female patients with β-thalassemia. Forty twofemale (age 15-30) years were enrolled in this study. Blood was collected and the sera were separated from (22) female patients with β-thalassemia who were attended the Ibn-Al-Baladi hospital from September 2012 to January 2013 and (20) healthy subject as a control group. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, FSG, insulin, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, B-cell function, iron, atherogenic index of serum were estimated.The results showed the presence of a significant increase in serum iron and significant decrease in insulin, B-cell function, LDL, VLDL, and TC in serum of patients with β-thalassemia when compared with control group. BMI also showed a significant decrease in patients when compared with the controls. Serum Insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, HDL, TG, AIS, and FSG showed no-significant differences in patients with β-thalassemia when compared with control group. We concluded there was no metabolic syndrome in female patients with β-thalassemia.
Tin DioxideNanostructure Gas Sensor for Acetone and Methanol Detection
Authors: Dakhil Osama Abdul Azeez , Sabry Raad S. , Madlul Safaa Farhood
Published: March 2017

Simple and efficient technique were successfully used to prepare Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructure by simple evaporation method, using single stage horizontal tube furnace under atmosphere pressure and quartz tube with Argon flow without additive. SnO2 thick films were synthesized using simple, homemade, low-cost efficient screen print technique. The thick films were heated at 500 0Cfor one hour to vanish the organic material and any residual impurities. The prepared thick films were investigated using different techniques and apparatus, X-Ray and FESEM to study the structural and morphology of the films, the X-ray results show that the films are polycrystalline with sharp and high intensity peaks indicating high crystalinity of the product. The FESEM Images show homogenous nanostructure with high porosity the dimension range 40-70 nm, optical properties was studied with photoluminescence emission (PL) and transmittance in UV-Visible range. SnO2 sensor was built up by electroding the thick films and used for Acetone and methanol detection.
THE ROLE OF CIVIL RELIGION FORMING CIVIL SOCIETY THROUGH PRACTICING RELIGIOUS COMMENT
Authors: Nst Agus Salim
Published: March 2017

Modern society requires the new symbol rituals development to create a solidarity in a pluralistic country such Indonesia. This is what sociologists called civil religion. Andrew Shauks stated that civil religion is not a true religion as existing religious practices; it did not compete with conventional traditions, but it is existing on it and break it bonds. The same idea also explained by Olaf Schuman that civil religion is not a religious source for someone where he gained his understanding of the identity and social obligations. It remains a resource is the existence of religion civil religion should not and could not be a substitute powerless religions. Civil religion is not like a religion and not a rival to the existing religions. Rather it part, it exist of religions and values and norms generated by them to ensure a life together that is sustainable and harmony in an pluralistic society situation to create society (civil society), an open society, egalitarian, and tolerant based on ethical values, moral transdental
PARADIGMA TASAWUF YASYFÎN
Authors: Abduh M. Arrafie
Published: March 2017

Dasar paradigma Tasawuf yasyfin adalah firman Allah dalam surah al-Syu’arâ ayat 80, dan Tasawuf yasyfinayat 14.Sedangkan istilah syifâ‘ terdapat dalam empat surah dan ayat, yaitu Yûnus ayat 57, al-Nahl ayat 69,al-Isrâ‘ ayat 82, dan Fushshilat ayat 44.Dalam konotasi istilah yasyfîn sudah mengandung maka psychotherapy. Yasyfîn adalah al-‘allâj al-nafsî wa al-ruhi atau mu’âlajat al-idhthirâyât al-audzâqiyyat wa al- ‘âthifiyyat bilwasâ‘il al-ruhiyyat wa al-jasmaniyyat. Paradigmatasawuf yasyfînadalah pengobatan psikis (spiritual dan mental)melalui tasawuf.Tasawuf yasyfinberdasar wahyu Ilahi, sabda Rasulullah Saw dan mujahadah para sufisebagai paradigma Islam yang mengakui eksistensi Tuhan sebagai al-Haqq dan Nabi Muhammad Saw sebagai panutan. Tasawuf yasyfindilakukan melalui pendekatan bashîrah, dalam literatur sufi mengandung makna hati nurani dan pandangan batin
READING SURAH YASIN AT NIGHT: Study of Takhrij al-Hadits
Authors: Faza Asrar Mabrur
Published: March 2017

Based on Hadith which is still debatable, we are suggested to read certain Surah in al- Qur’an, such as reading of Surah Yasin at night, But, it is still needed to re-clarified to see the source or quality. The study of Takhrij hadith is a means to conduct those clarified. Search resources of Hadith code about reading Surah Yasin at night is done by using one of Takhrij methods. Searching the quality of hadith is done by analysis of rijal (criticism of sanad) and analysis of material (criticism of matan). Thus, it can be obtained that hadith of reading surah Yasin is more listed outside al-kutub al-tis’ah, as well as weak, both in the aspect of sanad and matan