bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposta de aplicação do target costing no processo de projetos de empreendimentos imobiliários em Goiânia
Authors: França Filho Eduardo Noronha , Amaral Tatiana Gondim do , Ulhôa Ulisses Guimarães
Published: October 2021

Target Value Design (TVD) é uma metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos que vem demonstrando benefícios para a indústria da construção civil. Porém, são poucos os estudos referentes a sua aplicação na gestão de empreendimentos imobiliários em países como o Brasil. Sabe-se ainda que um dos grandes desafios na aplicação da abordagem está na definição precisa do Custo-Meta, uma das premissas do TVD, essencial para a distribuição de lucros e riscos entres os stakeholders do processo de projeto. Em paralelo, há estudos que apontam para a sinergia entre Building Information Modeling (BIM) e Target Costing (TC). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como definir o Custo-Meta no processo de projetos de empreendimentos imobiliários no mercado goiano. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso exploratório em uma Incorporadora, duas Construtoras e em suas respectivas empresas projetistas parceiras com o intuito de mapear o fluxo atual do Estudo de Viabilidade. Ao final é proposto um novo fluxo, sob os princípios do TVD com apoio no BIM, e apresentadas as principais barreiras para aplicação da abordagem no contexto analisado. Os resultados sugerem que esse contexto propicia a aplicação do TVD.
Subsídios ao gerenciamento de risco na contratação de obras públicas
Authors: Oliveira Mainan de , Marchiori Fernanda Fernandes , Brandstetter Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira , Ribeiro Helen Regina de Oliveira e
Published: October 2021

A etapa mais importante do gerenciamento de riscos é a identificação dos riscos de um projeto. Vários autores têm elencado os riscos considerando os mais variados tipos de projeto, contudo, se esse levantamento fosse feito para um tipo de obras específico, as chances de acerto dos riscos em projetos futuros seriam maiores. O objetivo do presente artigo é indicar os riscos mais relevantes para obras de escolas públicas no que diz respeito ao não cumprimento do custo previsto. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o de Brandstetter e Ribeiro (2020); foram analisados aditivos de custo de obras finalizadas entre 2014 e 2020 em Santa Catarina. Foram identificadas vertentes e causas de aditivos através de análise lexical das justificativas aceitas pelo poder público. Estas foram submetidas a avaliação de especialistas, verificando suas frequências e intensidades, então classificando o risco em cada vertente através de uma matriz de risco. As “falhas no orçamento” representaram um risco alto, “falhas de projeto” risco alto-moderado e as “falhas de escopo” risco moderado. Este trabalho reitera a necessidade do maior foco de atenção a ser dado pelos contratantes às fases iniciais das licitações para que os sobrecustos sejam evitados durante a construção.
Prevenção ao Covid-19 em canteiro de obras
Authors: Carrijo Andrielly Cristine Rodrigues , Rodrigues Jorge Luiz Monteiro , Silva Larissa Eterna Taveira e , Damascena Sara Daniel Matias , Amaral Tatiana Gondim do
Published: October 2021

Em 2020, o alastramento da COVID-19 trouxe à tona diferentes questões ligadas à relação entre saúde e ambiente, problematizadas em diferentes níveis e escalas. A disseminação de informações para adoção de medidas de profilaxia tornou-se o meio mais eficaz de garantir a saúde de todos os colaboradores em canteiros de obras, frente a um vírus que já possui vacina, mas não está disponível ainda para toda a população, e tendo em vista a continuidade das atividades laborais. Baseado nas considerações acima, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência da equipe da Liga Acadêmica de Construção Civil da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) na elaboração de materiais para conscientização dos profissionais diretamente envolvidos no ambiente do canteiro de obras. Desenvolveu-se um produto composto por uma cartilha e vídeo narrativo com linguagem adequada a informar profissionais no canteiro de obra acerca de métodos de prevenção do contágio da COVID-19, sendo o mesmo publicado e disponibilizado em formato digital gratuitamente. O material elaborado orienta os trabalhadores quanto aos cuidados básicos de prevenção da COVID-19 de uma forma simples e didática, e obteve boa adesão por parte de empresas e colaboradores.
Involved stakeholders or voiceless backseat drivers: Volunteer patients’ experiences and perceptions of undergraduate pharmacy education
Authors: Lindsey Laura , Richardson Charlotte Lucy
Published: October 2021

Objective: The shift towards patient-centred care is a driver for increasing stakeholder involvement in the education of health professionals. This study explores volunteer patients’ perceptions and experiences of being involved in undergraduate pharmacy education.   
Methods: Three focus groups were held with volunteer patients.  The focus groups were analysed using thematic analysis.  
Results: There were four themes identified: organisational restrictions, impact on students, motivators and experience of being a volunteer patient. The patients perceived their value to be in bringing authentic patient experience to the students especially when they could share their own narrative as opposed a pre-prepared scenario. There was a desire for greater interaction and partnership.    
Conclusion:  The patients perceive themselves having a vital role in the training future pharmacists.  Their experience has been mainly positive but more needs to be done to involve them as stakeholders whose voice is listened to in the education of students.
Influencia del internet y las redes sociales en el comportamiento de compra de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Galaviz Zamora Marisol , Murillo Félix Cecilia , Amarillas Ibarra Priscilia
Published: October 2021

Las redes sociales han adquirido gran popularidad en la última década, dado que se trata del principal medio de comunicación entre los jóvenes, cada vez es más común que los consumidores tomen a consideración información obtenida de las redes sociales al momento de realizar una compra ya que la interacción que se genera a través de estos medios permite compartir experiencias, información y percepciones, el objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel de influencia del internet y las redes sociales en el comportamiento de consumo del estudiante universitario para basar sus decisiones de compra. Tomando como base un instrumento de medición compuesto por tres dimensiones de análisis: elementos que influyen en la decisión de compra por internet, influencia de las redes sociales en la decisión de consumo de bienes y servicios y nivel de satisfacción de compras en línea.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF RAJAH PRAVARTINI VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
ARTAVA KSHAYA (OLIGOMENORRHOEA)
Authors: Monika Chauhan , Rita Makeem
Published: October 2021

A clinical trial was carried out on 30 oligomenorrhoea [ArtavaKshaya] patients aged between 18 to 35 years having complaints of irregular, scanty and painful menstruations. The patients were registered from OPD and IPD of Patanjali Ayurveda College, Haridwar. They were administrated Rajahpravartini Vati for three months in a dose of 250mg twice daily. The specific investigations were done in order to exclude TB endometritis, endocrine disorders, diabetes and heart disease. The clinical assessment was carried out in thirty days intervals. It is inferred that the study discloses the effect of Rajahpravartini Vati on irregularity of interval of menstruation [90.47%], duration of menstruation [79.37%], amount of blood flow [90.00%] and pain during menstruation [100.00%] which were highly significant in clinical study. No untoward side effect was noticed during clinical trial.
TO STUDY THE EFFICACY OF AYURVEDIC TREATMENT IN
COVID-19/SARS-COV-2
Authors: Mane Ravindrakumar , Lade Ram
Published: October 2021

To overcome COVID-19 infection there is no any precise & effective management plan so far available in contemporary Medicine. Therefore, an attempt of administering Ayurvedic medicines to alleviate signs & symptoms of Novel Corona virus is taken into consideration. A clinical trial was performed in hospital with the combination of pure herbo-mineral Ayurvedic medicines named as ‘Shwashara’ along with modern medicines over 93 infected indoor subjects. In total sample size, 76.34% subjects had co-morbidities, after treatment it is been observed that, 29.58% of these subjects did not need oxygen support. 52.69% of sub-jects had HRCT score more than half. 58.06% were recovered within 7 Days. Out of 471 patients, who re-ceived only modern medicines had death rate of 10.02% and the Subjects treated with both systems of medicines have recorded 2.15% death. The ‘Shwashara’ medicine decreases symptoms of pneumonia & COVID-19, strengthen lungs and reduces death rate significantly.
CLINICAL STUDIES ON LEARNING DISORDER IN AYURVEDA - A REVIEW
Authors: T. K Subina , K Satheesh
Published: October 2021

Learning disorders are defined as problems in securing of developmental skills, academic achievement, social adjustment and secondarily emotional growth and development as a consequence of perceptual and linguistic processing deficits. The prevalence of learning disorders is 15.17 % in Southern India. In ayurvedic classics no separate narrative of such disease is seen, but many times delayed developmental skills such as Vāksḳalanam, alpamedha-smṛti etc. are stated and different remedies are considered for them. The Indriyās (sense faculties), Manas (mind), Buddhi (intellect) are comprised in the process of Jñānotpatti. Any altered function in these components hampers the learning process. Even if several studies have been conducted in Ayurveda on Learning disorder, the area remains still non conclusive. This is an attempt to report the studies from the postgraduate institute for Ayurveda psychiatry, with the available conclusions so as to augment the accessible possibilities in the clinical practice.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHALMALYADILEPA AND GUDUCHYADIVATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF YAUVANAPIDIKA W.S.R.TO ACNE VULGARIS –
A RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors: Poonam Gupta
Published: October 2021

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition of skin in youth. In Ayurveda, acne has been elaborated as one of the KshudraRogas (minor ailments). It is manifested in adolescence thus called as Yuvanpidika or Tarunyapitika. Symptoms of Mukhadushika show close resemblance with bacterial infection and inflam-matory factors of acne. According to Ayurveda, vitiation of Kaphadosha, VataDosha and RaktaDhatu lead to acne development. Kapha vitiation may resemble with excess sebum production, Vata vitiation may re-semble with hyperkeratinization and Rakta vitiation may resemble with inflammatory mediators in blood, play an important role in pathogenesis of acne. Both modern and Ayurvedic sciences have considered the use of topical as well as oral medications and their combinations for the treatment of acne. Modern medi-cations provide relief from acne vulgaris but cause noticeable side effects. In this study, 50 patients with symptoms of Yauvanapidika were treated in two groups. In Group A, patients were given local application of Shalmalyadilepa twice a day with milk, while in Group B patients were given 2 gm of Guduchyadivati thrice along with local application of Shalmalyadilepa. At the end of treatment, Group B showed better im-provement in comparison to Group A.
MANAGEMENT OF GRANTHIBHUTA AARTAVA DUSHTI W.S.R. TO PCOD- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tarapure Shruti R. , Annadate Tushar Anil , Shah Hinaben Harshadkumar
Published: October 2021

Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a heterogeneous multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with the ovarian expression of various metabolic disturbances and clinical features like hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and obesity, resulting from insulin resistance and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a condition where cysts on the ovaries are present that prevent the ovaries from performing normally. On the basis of ultrasound evaluation there will be presence of peripherally tiny follicles. Clinically the PCOS can be understood based on assessment for Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti. (PCOS) can be correlated with Aartava Kshaya, Arajaska Yonivyapad, Lohitakshaya Yonivyapad, Shushka Yonivyapad and Shandhi Yonivyapad. PCOD affects 5-6 % women in childbearing age and is increasing due to change in lifestyle and stress. It is also becoming the common problem in adolescents. So, the man-agement of PCOD is very helpful when it is done by the way which doesn’t affect other hormonal levels and without any further complications. In Ayurveda there are some medications and treatment protocols which are very helpful to manage the PCOS in such a way that doesn’t affect the health of woman. Also, Ayurvedic management of PCOS gives relief in other features of disease like Obesity. So, here attempt has been made for the management of Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti w.s.r. to PCOD.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS: PERCEPTION OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Atalıç Hilmi , Çiçek Hüseyin
Published: October 2021

Turkey has experienced a substantial development in Total Quality Management (TQM), measurement, and monitoring of hospitals. Ministry of Health has developed the Quality Standards in Healthcare (QSH) in order to adapt to international quality standards of health care to the health care services as a result of long research and experience. This study aimed to determine the effects of QSH applied in a public hospital on the quality performance of the organization. The researchers used a performance measurement model to measure the impact of the recently developed QSH on the quality performance and organizational excellence of a 320-bed public hospital in a developing country. Successful applying of TQM in hospitals requires the involvement and commitment of all health care providers. The study was carried out in an attempt to explore the attitude of health care providers applying TQM practices on hospital performance in a general public hospital. We collected data from 302 healthcare providers. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data. The study was based on total quality management theory and Kanji's Business Excellence (KBEM) model. The study used a 10-point Likert-type scale. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to test whether the data obtained from the participants supported the model. The variable mean scores and path coefficients were calculated. The data were collected in five different periods between July 2017 and January 2019. The results of the study showed that the average attitudes of nurses, physicians, and administrative staff about the factors of hospital quality performance differed from the attitudes of technical staff. The study results reflected some strong areas, notably leadership, customer/patient satisfaction, quality management process, measurement, and organizational excellence. The results indicated that the hospital organization was mainly based on institutional excellence, quality improvement and patient safety, leadership and management performance, patient satisfaction and institutional learning, corporate ethical performance. The results also identified opportunities for improvement in QSH standards for human resource management and the absence of standards that address existing issues in organizations with organizational structures.

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Assessment of the educational needs in patients with knee osteoarthritis in a latin american cohort
Authors: García Coello Adriana Denisse , Rillo Oscar , Quintero Maritza , Brigante Alejandro , Sciortino Rosa , Espinosa Morales Rolando , Herrero Martha , Ponce Yessica , Lencina Verónica , Kohan Paula , Papasidero Silvia , Cosentino Vanesa , Pereira Dora , Pendón Gisela , Riopedre Augusto , Herrera Velazco Blanca , Sapagq Ana , Albanese Miguel , Coimbra Ibsen , Radrigan Francisco , Santos Moreno Pedro , Rodríguez Fernando , Salas Siado José , Caballero Uribe Carlo V , Chico Araceli , Vallejo Carlos , Möller Ingrid , García Kutzbach Abraham , Esquivel Jorge , Pineda Carlos , Gutiérrez Marwin , Lozada Carlos , Angulo Juan , Castañeda Oswaldo , Díaz Coto José Francisco , Khoury Vianna , Souto Renee , Rossi Cesar , Reginato Anthony , Nava Quintero Oriana , Riera Humberto , Granados Ysabel , Acosta Carlota , Rodríguez Ana Julia , Fernández Félix , Verges Josep , Arape Rodolfo del Carmen
Published: October 2021

The Spanish version of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool (SpENAT), is a self-completed questionnaire that assesses the educational needs (ENs) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients, with the purpose of providing tailored and patient-centered information. This study established the sources of information that patients use and to evaluate the ENs of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) using the SpENAT.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas X (Sepuluh) di MA Al-Qurtubiyyah Nagrak Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Riyadi Ahmad , Alhanif Sayyidia Shofara
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

.This study aims to examine the relationship between student learning motivation and student learning Achievement in economic subjects class X (Ten ) at MA Al-Qurtubiyyah Nagrak Academic Year 2016/2017. To obtain “X” variable data "Learning Motivation" using questionnaires or quiesioners and to obtain variable data “Y” "Learning outcomes" using the test. The research method used in this study is quantitative associative. The number of samples used in this study were 33 students in class X (Ten ). Analysis of the data used is; the first prerequisite test is validity and reliability test and normality test. Both hypothesis tests use the correlational test.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between learning motivation and student learning Achievement in Class X (Ten) Economics Subjects at the MA 2016 Al-Qurtubiyyah Nagrak Academic Year. Evident from the correlation coefficient of r = 0.821 the level of relations is very high, while the price of r² = 0.674. This shows that 67.4% of the variations that occur in student learning Achievement are related to student learning motivation.

Keywords: Learning Motivation, Student Learning Achievement
Zakat Infak Sodaqoh sebagai Instrumen Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Suryani Ermi
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the potential of zakat, infaq, shodaqoh as a support for economic growth in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method through the study of literature and critical analysis. ZIS was able to increase economic growth in Indonesia year after year. The higher the level of Muslim awareness of paying zakat the greater the opportunity for Indonesia's economic growth. The infaq and alms are two things attached to zakat because it is not regulated in regulation in Indonesia. The existence of infaq and alms has a great opportunity to be managed productively so that the strategy in managing ZIS is something that must be analyzed thoroughly. The goal is that ZIS funds collected from muzakki can be utilized to improve the welfare of the community, especially Muslims in Indonesia. ZIS is not obliged to tackle poverty in Indonesia, but is able to reduce the government's burden on the welfare of the people. Amil is required to be creative in managing ZIS so that the criteria for amil need to be socialized and determined. Among them: first, qualified knowledge theoretically / practically in ZIS. Second, high social value and fond of entrepreneurship. Third, honest from small things to big things. Fourth, close to the community / easy to get along with all groups and always simple. Fifth, have many links with BAZNAS / BAZDA and LAZNAS.

Keywords: amil, economy, Indonesia, infaq, shodaqoh, zakat,
Pengaruh Kegiatan Kerohanian Islam (Rohis) terhadap Prestasi Belajar Aqidah Akhlak Siswa Kelas IX MTs. Swasta Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu
Authors: Syah Putra Indra , Rachmaini Sitanggang Ully
Published: October 2021

The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) How are Islamic spiritual activities for grade IX students of MTs. Private Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu?, (2) How is the learning achievement of Aqidah Akhlak students of class IX MTs. Private Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu?, (3) How is the influence of Islamic spiritual activities on learning achievement of Aqidah Akhlak students of class IX MTs. Private Al-Ikhlas Dairy Base? The type of research used in this study is a quantitative research method. This research is categorized into a quasi-experimental research (quasi-experimental). The design used in this study includes three stages, namely: (1) The stage of preparation of learning tools and research instruments, (2) The stage of testing learning tools and research instruments, (3) The stage of implementing the experiment. Each stage is designed so that valid data is obtained according to the characteristics of the variables in accordance with the research objectives. Data collection techniques, namely using non-test. The instruments used in this study were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire guidelines, and documentation guidelines. Questionnaires given to respondents were processed by tabulation, namely in the form of tables, for hypothesis testing, the Product Moment correlation formula will be used (Arikunto, 2014). Furthermore, the requirements test and data analysis were carried out to determine the extent of the effect. The results showed that: 1. Islamic spirituality activities (ROHIS) in grade IX students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu were very good (64%); 2. Student achievement for grade IX students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Private Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu is very good (57 %);3. The influence of Islamic spiritual activities (ROHIS) contributes positively and convincingly to the learning achievement of Aqidah Akhlak students of class IX MTs. Private Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu with a moderate or moderate level of significance. So it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic spiritual activities (ROHIS) and the learning achievement of the moral aqidah students of class IX Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Ikhlas Pangkalan Susu.
Kesiapan Merespon terhadap Aspek Negatif dan Positif Dampak Globalisasi Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Muslimin Erwin , Heri Deden , Erihardiana Mohamad
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the ability of the Indonesian nation to respond to globalization: readiness to respond to the negative and positive aspects of the impact of globalization. This type of research is Library Research, namely research through literature or literature studies. Sources of data in this study are primary data, namely books that directly discuss the ability of the Indonesian nation to respond to globalization. The data analysis technique used to obtain conclusions is descriptive qualitative by emphasizing deductive conclusions, namely how to draw conclusions from general to specific things. The conclusion of this paper is that the final conclusion in this study is that the Indonesian nation in responding to the negative and positive aspects of the impact of globalization, should be addressed proportionally because this is a good attitude as a reflection of moderate Islam. Meanwhile, the hard efforts to face the era of globalization must be that the Indonesian nation must be able to produce quality human resources, and have the ability that includes behavior, hard work, discipline, trustworthy responsibility and the like guided by the teachings of AI-Qur'an and Hadith
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Online di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Srihartini Yusi , Lestari Maulidia Pratami
Published: October 2021

The online learning system is a solution for the teaching and learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic for all levels of education including early childhood education (PAUD). The research objectives were to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of online learning at the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) level, explain the obstacles and solutions for early childhood teachers in providing online learning, and explain the efforts of teachers in developing early childhood learning in the Covid region. The research subjects were four educators in two Raudhatul Athfal, leuwiliang-bogor sub-districts. Qualitative research design using interview techniques in collecting data. The results showed that the teaching and learning process was carried out online / online even though the learning was not effective due to obstacles including the lack of student motivation and lack of facilities such as cellphones and internet quotas. One solution is offline learning. Pay attention to the aspects of learning as a teacher's effort to achieve learning.
Interview with Ian Cumming
Authors: Severn Andrew
Published: October 2021

Ian Cumming was, at his appointment to the Lancaster Acute Hospitals Trust 11 years ago, the youngest chief executive in the NHS. The Journal finds him upbeat in his assessment of the future prospects for the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay (UHMB), and in his role as deputy chairman of the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB), an unrepentant and pragmatic reformer. His move this month to head the new North Lancashire Primary Care Trust offers him new opportunities to see through some of his more ambitious plans for Morecambe Bay.
Türkiye’de Yerel Yönetimlerin Mali Sürdürülebilirliği: Ampirik Bir Analiz
Authors: TEKDERE Mustafa , GÜRBÜZ Abdullah Şuhan
Published: October 2021

Yerel yönetimlerin mali sürdürülebilirliği, yerelde kamu hizmetlerinin etkin bir şekilde yerine getirilmesi noktasında büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 2010:Q1-2019:Q1 döneminde Türkiye'de yedi coğrafi bölgede yerel yönetimler için bütçe gelirleri-bütçe harcamaları ve vergi gelirleri-bütçe harcamaları değişkenleri arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma aşamasında Hakkio ve Rush (1991) ve Quintos (1995) tarafından belirlenen finansal sürdürülebilirlik prosedürü çerçevesinde ikinci nesil panel birim kök testleri ve eşbütünleşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. İlgili dönemde hem bütçe gelirleri hem de vergi gelirlerine göre yedi coğrafi bölgede yer alan yerel yönetimler için bütçe açıklarının zayıf formda sürdürülebilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Transfer of the effect of potentized Mercuric chloride on Î±-amylase from one test tube to another through capillary water.
Authors: Konar Atheni , Sarkar Tandra , Sukul Nirmal Chandra , Sukul Anirban , Chakraborty Indrani
Published: October 2021

Objective: In a series of experiments we showed that treatment of a plant or animal with a diluted and agitated substance might affect other plants or animals connected to the former by the capillary water in cotton threads. The aim of the present study was to establish whether drug effect could be transferred in a cell-free medium.

Design: Two test tubes, each containing 1 ml of 1% starch solution and 1 ml of Î±-amylase, were connected by means wet cotton threads encased in a polythene tube. One of the tubes also contained Mercurius corrosivus (Merc-c) 30 cH and the other ethanol solution (control). After 15 min, the enzyme activity was stopped with DNSA, and the breakdown product of starch, maltose, was estimated. A third, separate tube contained all the tested materials except for Merc-c and the control solution. In a second experiment 2 tubes, one containing 1,200 ppm and the other 200 ppm of maltose, were similarly connected over 15 min. Both experiments were repeated 20 times.

Results: In the first experiment, the amount of maltose was similar in both connected tubes, but it was significantly lower in the unconnected tube. In the second experiment, maltose concentration in both tubes remained unchanged.

Conclusion: The information of Merc-c 30 cH was effectively transferred through capillary water between 2 tubes in cell-free medium. This effect was not due to physical transfer of either solvent or solutes. Water seems to the most probable carrier of information in diluted and agitated solutions.

Keywords: Water, alpha amylase, Mercurius corrosivus 30 cH, starch, maltose, high dilutions
A non-stationary extreme value approach for climate projection ensembles: application to snow loads in the French Alps
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Evin Guillaume , Eckert Nicolas , Blanchet Juliette , Morin Samuel
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Anticipating risks related to climate extremes often relies on the quantification of large return levels (values exceeded with small probability) from climate projection ensembles. Current approaches based on multi-model ensembles (MMEs) usually estimate return levels separately for each chain of the MME. By contrast, using MME obtained with different combinations of general circulation model (GCM) and regional climate model (RCM), our approach estimates return levels together from the past observations and all GCM-RCM pairs, considering both historical and future periods. The proposed methodology seeks to provide estimates of projected return levels accounting for the variability of individual GCM-RCM trajectories, with a robust quantification of uncertainties. To this aim, we introduce a flexible non-stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution that includes i) piecewise linear functions to model the changes in the three GEV parameters ii) adjustment coefficients for the location and scale parameters to adjust the GEV distributions of the GCM-RCM pairs with respect to the GEV distribution of the past observations. Our application focuses on snow load at 1500 m elevation for the 23 massifs of the French Alps, which is of major interest for the structural design of roofs. Annual maxima are available for 20 adjusted GCM-RCM pairs from the EURO-CORDEX experiment, under the scenario RCP8.5. Our results show with a model-as-truth experiment that at least two linear pieces should be considered for the piecewise linear functions. We also show, with a split-sample experiment, that eight massifs should consider adjustment coefficients. These two experiments help us select the GEV parameterizations for each massif. Finally, using these selected parameterizations, we find that the 50-year return level of snow load is projected to decrease in all massifs, by −2.9 kN m−2 (−50 %) on average between 1986–2005 and 2080–2099 at 1500 m elevation and RCP8.5. This paper extends to climate extremes the recent idea to constrain climate projection ensembles using past observations.
uDALES 1.0.0: a large-eddy-simulation model for urban environments
Authors: Suter Ivo , Grylls Tom , Sützl Birgit , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Urban environments increasingly move to the fore of climate and air quality research due to their central role in the population’s health and well-being. Tools to model the local environmental conditions, urban morphology and interaction with the atmospheric boundary layer play an important role for sustainable urban planning and policy-making. uDALES is a high-resolution, building-resolving large-eddy simulation code for urban microclimate and air quality. uDALES solves a surface energy balance for each urban facet and models multi-refection shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, heat storage and conductance, as well as turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes. Vegetated surfaces and their effect on outdoor temperatures and energy demand can be studied. Furthermore a scheme to simulate emissions and transport of aerosols and some reactive gas species is present. The energy balance has been tested against idealized cases and the particle dispersion against field measurements, yielding satisfying results. uDALES can be used to study the effect of specific new constructions and building measures on the local micro-climate; or to gain new insight about the general effect of urban morphology on local climate, ventilation and dispersion. uDALES is available online under GNU General Public License and remains under maintenance and development.
Effects of returning corn straw and fermented corn straw to fields on the soil organic carbon pools and humus composition
Authors: Zhang Yifeng , Dou Sen , Ndzelu Batande Sinovuyo , Ma Rui , Zhang Dandan , Zhang Xiaowei , Ye Shufen , Wang Hongrui
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In our previous studies, we filtered out fungus (Trichoderma reesei) to have the best ability to transform corn straw into a humic acid-like substance through laboratory incubation experiments. In order to further verify our former findings, we set up a 360 day-field experiment that included three treatments applied under equal C mass: (i) corn straw returned to the field (CS), (ii) fermented corn straw treated with Trichoderma reesei returned to the field (FCS-T), and (iii) blank control treatment (CK). Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic C components, soil humus composition, and the management levels of SOC pools under the three treatments were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the SOC content of CS and FCS-T treatments increased by 12.71 % and 18.81 %, respectively, compared with CK at 360 d. The humic acid carbon (HA-C) content of the FCS-T treatment was 0.77 g/kg higher than in the CS treatment. Application of FCS-T appeared to promote the significant increase of SOC, carbon pool activity index (CPAI) and carbon pool management index (CPMI) through accumulation of HA-C, humin carbon (HM-C), and easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) contents. Application of fermented corn straw treated with Trichoderma reesei (FCS-T) is more valuable and conducive to increasing soil EOC and humus C content than direct application of corn straw.
Floating offshore wind turbines: Installation, operation, maintenance and decommissioning challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chitteth Ramachandran Rahul , Desmond Cian , Judge Frances , Serraris Jorrit-Jan , Murphy Jimmy
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The global floating offshore wind energy industry is rapidly maturing with several technologies having been installed at pilot and demonstration scales. As the industry progresses to full array-scale deployments, the optimization of marine activities related to installation, operation \\& maintenance and decommissioning presents a significant opportunity for cost reduction. This paper reviews the various marine operations challenges towards the commercialisation of floating wind in the context of spar-type, semi-submersible and Tension Leg Platform (TLP) technologies. Knowledge gaps and research trends are identified along with a review of innovations at various stages of development which are intended to widen weather windows, reduce installation costs and improve the health and safety of floating wind related marine operations.
Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi
Authors: AKTAN ACAR Ebru , ERBAŞ Yahya Han , ERYAMAN Mustafa Yunus
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde görev yapan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerinde yaşamış oldukları deneyimlere dair karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma yapmaktır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin, Covid-19 pandemi ilanından sonra uygulanan uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki genel görüşleri ve deneyimleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma durum çalışması ile desenlenmiş bir nitel araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcılar aktif olarak okul öncesi öğretmeni olarak görev yapan, Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinden gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 253 okul öncesi öğretmenidir. Bu çalışma için geliştirilen anket formu ile veriler toplanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, okul öncesi öğretmenleri uzaktan eğitim hakkında çeşitli olumlu, olumsuz ve yansız ifadeler ortaya koymuşlardır. Farklı etkinliklerin kullanımına fırsat vermesi, teknoloji bilgisini artırması, veli-öğretmen işbirliği uzaktan eğitim hakkında olumlu ifadelerden bazılarıdır. Odaklanma problemi çıkarması, takipteki güçlük, motor becerilerin gelişimine katkı sunmaması, veli isteksizliği ve veli yetersizliği gibi ifadelerde uzaktan eğitim konusunda olumsuz ifadeler olarak çalışmada yer almaktadır.
From the Interruption to the Development of Language Awareness in Translation:Questioning Cognitive and Educational Issues
Authors: Büyükkantarcio lu Nalan , Do an Aymil
Published: October 2021

This paper, emphasizing the importance of native language awareness in translation and drawing on problems observed in university students, sets out with an assumption that native language awareness, which is supposed to have satisfactorily developed either naturally or through previous stages of education, may undergo a serious process of “interruption” or “blockage ”, as we call it, during written translations made particularly from the source language (English) to the mother tongue (Turkish). The fact that stu¬dents can recognize their mother tongue mistakes either after self-monitoring or after the instructor’s remarks may indicate that translated texts, which are seemingly Turkish, yet lacking many of the naturally well-formed fea¬tures of the mother tongue discourse, suffer from such problems either due to the heavy concentration of mind on the source language structures or due to the problems originating from the gaps in the translation training. Performances of a total of 60 subjects, comprising an equal number of freshman and senior students from two different departments at Hacettepe University - Department of Linguistics and Department of Translation and Interpretation - have been compared through tests of English, mother tongue awareness and translation to find out (a) what actual reasons lie behind the problem, (b) whether there is any positive improvement from the freshman to the senior groups in both departments, and (c) whether extensive translation training marks a positive effect on students to help them avoid problems concerning native language awareness.
Cohesion and Coherence in Technical Translation: The Case of Demonstrative Reference
Authors: Krein-Kühle Monika
Published: October 2021

This paper examines cohesion and coherence within the larger framework of an equivalence-relevant investigation based on a theoretically well-founded translation comparison and a highly refined translation corpus. Cohesion is analysed at the textual, more specifically at the sentential/supra-sentential, level taking due account of the underlying coherence operating at the text¬in-context level. The research investigates and exemplifies the English demonstrative determiner/pronoun ‘this’ as a cohesive device of reference and its German potential equivalents, and indicates trends in translation solutions. The results of this analysis will show that coherence – established by the interaction of intended sense and informed inference – is upheld in the German TT by cohesive means which, though occasionally quite different from their ST counterparts, contribute toward achieving “equivalence in difference” (Jakobson [1959]1992) at the overall text-in-context level.
La sinonimia, la polisemia y la hiperonimia en el lenguaje jurídico de la Unión Europea: el caso de las citaciones judiciales
Authors: Acuyo Verdejo María Carmen
Published: October 2021

This paper aims at identifying and describing the main terminological problems arising from the continuing harmonisation of the different national legislations within the European Union. This has resulted in the creation of a new specialised language, that of European Law, which can cause synonymy, polysemy and hyperonymy to emerge when contacting with national legal languages. Both the comprehension and the quality of the translated text can be drastically affected by these phenomena. We illustrate this problem taking, as a point of reference, summons from two different legal systems: the Spanish and the Italian one. Within these texts special attention has been paid to those terms related to the text type used for the summons, the person summoned, and the type of text with which the person in question is summoned. Finally, some strategies are outlined to help the translator to solve these terminological pro blems.
La constitución de una memoria terminológica: elaboración de terminologías bilingües en programas de memoria de traducción
Authors: Tebé Carles , Cabré María Teresa
Published: October 2021

Computer-aided translation systems (CAT) based on Translation Memories (TM) are a widely diffused technology that uses database and code-protection features to improve the quality, efficiency and consistency of the human translation process. These systems basically consist of a textual database in which each source sentence of a translation is stored together with the target sentence (this is called a translation memory “unit”). New and changed translation proposals will then be stored in the database for future use. This textual database – the kernel of the system – is combined with a terminological database (TDB), which is used by translators to store independently, terminological equivalences or translation units of particular value.In this paper the authors outline a first draft of a methodology that describes the preparation of a bilingual terminology from – and within – TM applications. The bilingual corpus produced is called the ‘terminological memory’ of the translator.
Ontologies: a revamped cross-disciplinary buzzword or a truly promising interdisciplinary research topic?
Authors: Spyns Peter , De Bo Jan
Published: October 2021

The following article provides an introductory overview of the different research domains (computational linguistics, termino graphy, artificial intelligence (AI), philosophy and database semantics) for which ontologies and the emerging field of the Semantic Web have become a main point of interest. It will be pointed out that each of these domains uses a different definition for an ontology. A specific ontology engineering methodology (VUB STAR Lab DOGMA) will be presented and emphasis will be put on the specific role and contribution of (multilingual) terminography in this ontology. In addition, we will explain what ontologies might offer to advance the state of the art of linguistics and terminography.
Prolexbase: une ontologie pour le traitement multilingue des noms propres
Authors: Grass Thierry , Maurel Denis , Tran Mickaël
Published: October 2021

Proper names often constitute a problem in translation. This contribution deals with an ontology which represents the basis for a multilingual database of proper names, Prolexbase. It is being set up for treatment of proper names in the framework of the Prolex project, a research programme supported by the French Ministry of Industry in collaboration with two firms working on the market of language technologies: Systran and Exalead. The aim of this collaboration is to create a multilingual database of proper names containing information applicable to machine translation, computer aided translation, data research as well as spelling dictionaries. These particular aims guided the creation of the ontology whose description will follow. Beside a set of language-dependent and language-independent relations associated with a logical model, the data- base is founded on a four level ontology: the level of instances (the proper names such as they appear in a written text in a specific language), the linguistic level (the level of so called “prolexemes”), the conceptual level (the numerical pivots) as well as the metaconceptual level (types and supertypes). We will describe here the different levels of the ontology and their implementation in the database using French and German examples.
Perception et autoportrait de l’interprète indigène en Afrique coloniale française
Authors: Mopoho Raymond
Published: October 2021

African interpreters were hired to serve as intermediaries between Europeans and Africans, but they ended up establishing themselves as key parties in the mediation process, wielding as much power as both the colonial administrators and the traditional authorities. In so doing, they actively participated in the colonial enterprise, which involved dominating and exploiting native masses, promoting Eurocentrism, as well as fostering the rule of injustice and violence. Although in the African community the interpreter ’s status brought him privile ges and some respect, he was viewed with suspicion – and even contempt – by European colonial officers, who considered him as a threat to their own existence. Eventually, this indirect actor of the disintegration of African traditional societies could really identify neither with his fellow natives, for whom he was part of the colonial administration, nor with Europeans, who would rather keep him in a state of servitude. His personality reflected the contradictions of the new social order which he had helped to establish.
Los nombres del escepticismo antiguo: Aporētikoí, Ephektikoí, Pyrrhōneioi, Skeptikoí y Zētētikoí
Authors: Román Alcalá Ramón
Published: October 2021

El escepticismo filosófico es identificado por varios signos o nombres: Aporētikoí (ἀπoρητικoὶ), Ephektikoí (ἐφεκτικoὶ), Pyrrhōneioi (Πυρρώvειoι), Skeptikoí (σκεπτικoὶ) y Zētētikoí (ζητητικoὶ), con significantes todos ellos válidos y una cierta confusión en el significado. El objetivo de este trabajo es triple: primero, aclarar por qué alguno de estos nombres han tenido más éxito que otros, segundo, cuáles son las razones por las que uno de ellos (escéptico) ha quedado fijado como nombre, en general para todos los pertenecientes a este movimiento filosófico, y tercero a qué se debe que reconociendo la tradición un iniciador claro, Pirrón de Elis, y siendo el nombre “Pirrónicos” uno de los más populares y uno de los más utilizados por los escritores que hablan sobre este movimiento, no haya sido el más exitoso, como sí ha sido tradicional (pitagóricos, platónicos, aristotélicos, epicúreos, etc.,) en la mayoría de las demás doctrinas.
Occurrence of IGG antibodies anti-TOXOPLASMA GONDII and NEOSPORA CANINUM in cattle raised in family agricultural properties in Realeza, Parana, Brazil
Authors: Favero Adriano , Arantes Pinto Vanessa , Santos Alencar Gabriela , Knorst Bellon Amanda , Lays Petry Alexandra , Da Costa Freitas Wagner Luiz , Antônio Mathias Luis , Da Costa Freitas Fagner Luiz
Published: October 2021

This cross-sectional study evaluates the presence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle raised in Realeza, PR. There was a seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii of 87.5% and 67.9%, respectively in the properties assessed. The frequencies of T. gondii and N. caninum in the animals were 41.1% and 55.1%, respectively. The studied coccidia are widely distributed in dairy cows reared on family farms in the municipality of Realeza, PR. Sanitary control for reproductive diseases must be adopted to prevent miscarriages and the economic damage caused by the disease. Future studies should be performed to investigate how widespread these pathogens are in cattle herds in southwestern Parana.
KEYWORDS: Toxoplasmosis; neosporosis; Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma gondii; serology, Bos taurus.