bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opsin gene repertoires in northern archaic hominids
Authors: Taylor John S. , Reimchen Thomas E.
Published: May 2016

The Neanderthals’ northern distribution, hunting techniques, and orbit breadths suggest that they were more active in dim light than modern humans. We surveyed visual opsin genes from four Neanderthals and two other archaic hominids to see if they provided additional support for this hypothesis. This analysis was motivated by the observation that alleles responsible for anomalous trichromacy in humans are more common in northern latitudes, by data suggesting that these variants might enhance vision in mesopic conditions, and by the observation that dim light active species often have fewer opsin genes than diurnal relatives. We also looked for evidence of convergent amino acid substitutions in Neanderthal opsins and orthologs from crepuscular or nocturnal species. The Altai Neanderthal, the Denisovan, and the Ust’-Ishim early modern human had opsin genes that encoded proteins identical to orthologs in the human reference genome. Opsins from the Vindija Cave Neanderthals (three females) had many nonsynonymous substitutions, including several predicted to influence colour vision (e.g., stop codons). However, the functional implications of these observations were difficult to assess, given that “control” loci, where no substitutions were expected, differed from humans to the same extent. This left unresolved the test for colour vision deficiencies in Vindija Cave Neanderthals.
Co-Clustering Structural Temporal Data with Applications to Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Zhu Yada , He Jingrui
Published: May 2016

Recent years have witnessed data explosion in semiconductor manufacturing due to advances in instrumentation and storage techniques. The large amount of data associated with process variables monitored over time form a rich reservoir of information, which can be used for a variety of purposes, such as anomaly detection, quality control, and fault diagnostics. In particular, following the same recipe for a certain Integrated Circuit device, multiple tools and chambers can be deployed for the production of this device, during which multiple time series can be collected, such as temperature, impedance, gas flow, electric bias, etc. These time series naturally fit into a two-dimensional array (matrix), i.e., each element in this array corresponds to a time series for one process variable from one chamber. To leverage the rich structural information in such temporal data, in this article, we propose a novel framework named
C-Struts
to simultaneously cluster on the two dimensions of this array. In this framework, we interpret the structural information as a set of constraints on the cluster membership, introduce an auxiliary probability distribution accordingly, and design an iterative algorithm to assign each time series to a certain cluster on each dimension. Furthermore, we establish the equivalence between
C-Struts
and a generic optimization problem, which is able to accommodate various distance functions. Extensive experiments on synthetic, benchmark, as well as manufacturing datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Arithmetic Circuit Lower Bounds via Maximum-Rank of Partial Derivative Matrices
Authors: Kumar Mrinal , Maheshwari Gaurav , Sarma Jayalal
Published: May 2016

We introduce the polynomial coefficient matrix and identify the maximum rank of this matrix under variable substitution as a complexity measure for multivariate polynomials. We use our techniques to prove super-polynomial lower bounds against several classes of non-multilinear arithmetic circuits. In particular, we obtain the following results:

—As our first main result, we prove that any homogeneous depth-3 circuit for computing the product of
d
matrices of dimension
n
×
n
requires Ω(
n

d
− 1

/2

d

) size. This improves the lower bounds in Nisan and Wigderson [1995] for
d
= ω(1).

—As our second main result, we show that there is an explicit polynomial on
n
variables and degree at most
n
/2 for which any depth-3 circuit of product dimension at most
n
/10 (dimension of the space of affine forms feeding into each product gate) requires size 2

Ω(
n
)

. This generalizes the lower bounds against diagonal circuits proved in Saxena [2008]. Diagonal circuits are of product dimension 1.

—We prove a
n

Ω(log
n
)

lower bound on the size of product-sparse formulas. By definition, any multilinear formula is a product-sparse formula. Thus, this result extends the known super-polynomial lower bounds on the size of multilinear formulas [Raz 2006].

—We prove a 2

Ω(
n
)

lower bound on the size of partitioned arithmetic branching programs. This result extends the known exponential lower bound on the size of ordered arithmetic branching programs [Jansen 2008].
The Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture for Patients with Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yao Qin , Li Shanshan , Liu Xiaoxu , Qin Zongshi , Liu Zhishun
Published: May 2016

Background. Acupuncture might have effectiveness in relieving the symptoms of chronic urticaria. There are currently no systematic reviews of acupuncture for chronic urticaria published in English.Objective. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for chronic urticaria.Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials were performed. The primary outcome was global symptom improvement.Results. We included 6 studies with 406 participants. Three trials showed significant difference between acupuncture and drugs in global symptom improvement (relative risk 1.37; 95% CI 1.11–1.70;P=0.003). As an adjuvant to medication, acupuncture was also beneficial for global symptom improvement (relative risk 1.77; 95% CI 1.41–2.22;P<0.01). There were no severe adverse events related to acupuncture.Limitations. Some methodological limitations were observed. The overall risk of bias in the 6 included trials was high and all included RCTs were conducted in China and published in Chinese. Besides, the lack of proper control groups and the use of different rating methods and cut-offs in the included trials also made the evidence of this review limited.Conclusions. Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence. To draw a reliable conclusion, more high quality trials are needed in the future. This trial is registered with PROSPEROCRD42015015702.
A Case Based Approach to Clinical Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection
Authors: Giusti Betti , Nistri Stefano , Sticchi Elena , De Cario Rosina , Abbate Rosanna , Gensini Gian Franco , Pepe Guglielmina
Published: May 2016

Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is a potential lethal condition with a rising incidence. This condition may occur sporadically; nevertheless, it displays familial clustering in >20% of the cases. Family history confers a six- to twentyfold increased risk of TAAD and has to be considered in the identification and evaluation of patients needing an adequate clinical follow-up. Familial TAAD recognizes a number of potential etiologies with a significant genetic heterogeneity, in either syndromic or nonsyndromic forms of the manifestation. The clinical impact and the management of patients with TAAD differ according to the syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of the manifestation. The clinical management of TAAD patients varies, depending on the different forms. Starting from the description of patient history, in this paper, we summarized the state of the art concerning assessment of clinical/genetic profile and therapeutic management of TAAD patients.
Adenosine 2B Receptor Expression on Cancer Cells Promotes Metastasis
Authors: Mittal Deepak , Sinha Debottam , Barkauskas Deborah , Young Arabella , Kalimutho Murugan , Stannard Kimberley , Caramia Franco , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Stagg John , Khanna Kum Kum , Loi Sherene , Smyth Mark J.
Published: May 2016

Adenosine plays an important role in inflammation and tumor development, progression, and responses to therapy. We show that an adenosine 2B receptor inhibitor (A2BRi) decreases both experimental and spontaneous metastasis and combines with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models of melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. Decreased metastasis upon A2BR inhibition is independent of host A2BR and lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Knockdown of A2BR on mouse and human cancer cells reduces their metastasis in vivo and decreases their viability and colony-forming ability, while transiently delaying cell-cycle arrest in vitro. The prometastatic activity of adenosine is partly tumor A2BR dependent and independent of host A2BR expression. In humans, TNBC cell lines express higher A2BR than luminal and Her2+ breast cancer cell lines, and high expression of A2BR is associated with worse prognosis in TNBC. Collectively, high A2BR on mouse and human tumors promotes cancer metastasis and is an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4372–82. ©2016 AACR.
Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Clear Cell and Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Mass Spectrometry–Based Phosphotyrosine Proteomics
Authors: Haake Scott M. , Li Jiannong , Bai Yun , Kinose Fumi , Fang Bin , Welsh Eric A. , Zent Roy , Dhillon Jasreman , Pow-Sang Julio M. , Chen Y. Ann , Koomen John M. , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Fishman Mayer , Haura Eric B.
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are limited by acquired resistance. Novel therapeutic targets are needed to combat resistance and, ideally, target the unique biology of RCC subtypes.

Experimental Design: Tyrosine kinases provide critical oncogenic signaling and their inhibition has significantly impacted cancer care. To describe a landscape of tyrosine kinase activity in RCC that could inform novel therapeutic strategies, we performed a mass spectrometry–based system-wide survey of tyrosine phosphorylation in 10 RCC cell lines as well as 15 clear cell and 15 papillary RCC human tumors. To prioritize identified tyrosine kinases for further analysis, a 63 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug screen was performed.

Results: Among the cell lines, 28 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 19 kinases and phosphatases including EGFR, MET, JAK2, and FAK in nearly all samples. Multiple FAK TKIs decreased cell viability by at least 50% and inhibited RCC cell line adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. Among the tumors, 49 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 44 kinases and phosphatases. FAK pY576/7 was found in all tumors and many cell lines, whereas DDR1 pY792/6 was preferentially enriched in the papillary RCC tumors. Both tyrosine kinases are capable of transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix and emerged as novel RCC therapeutic targets.

Conclusions: Tyrosine kinase profiling informs novel therapeutic strategies in RCC and highlights the unique biology among kidney cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5605–16. ©2016 AACR.
Repurposing Sunitinib with Oncolytic Reovirus as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lawson Keith A. , Mostafa Ahmed A. , Shi Zhong Qiao , Spurrell Jason , Chen Wenqian , Kawakami Jun , Gratton Kathy , Thakur Satbir , Morris Donald G.
Published: May 2016

Purpose: In addition to their direct cytopathic effects, oncolytic viruses are capable of priming antitumor immune responses. However, strategies to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of these agents are lacking. Here, we investigated the ability of the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) agent, sunitinib, to augment the antitumor immune response generated by oncolytic reovirus.

Experimental Design: In vitro, oncolysis and chemokine production were assessed in a panel of human and murine RCC cell lines after exposure to reovirus, sunitinib, or their combination. In vivo, the RENCA syngeneic murine model of RCC was employed to determine therapeutic and tumor-specific immune responses after treatment with reovirus (intratumoral), sunitinib, or their combination. Parallel investigations employing the KLN205 syngeneic murine model of lung squamous cell carcinoma (NSCLC) were conducted for further validation.

Results: Reovirus-mediated oncolysis and chemokine production was observed following RCC infection. Reovirus monotherapy reduced tumor burden and was capable of generating a systemic adaptive antitumor immune response evidenced by increased numbers of tumor-specific CD8+ IFNγ-producing cells. Coadministration of sunitinib with reovirus further reduced tumor burden resulting in improved survival, decreased accumulation of immune suppressor cells, and the establishment of protective immunity upon tumor rechallenge. Similar results were observed for KLN205 tumor–bearing mice, highlighting the potential broad applicability of this approach.

Conclusions: The ability to repurpose sunitinib for augmentation of reovirus' immunotherapeutic efficacy positions this novel combination therapy as an attractive strategy ready for clinical testing against a range of histologies, including RCC and NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5839–50. ©2016 AACR.
Біологічний вік жінок у постменопаузальному періоді з низькою мінеральною щільністю кісткової тканини і вертебральним больовим синдромом
Authors: Поворознюк В. В , Орлик Т. В.
Published: May 2016

БІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВІК ЖІНОК У ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ З НИЗЬКОЮ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЮ ЩІЛЬНІСТЮ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ І ВЕРТЕБРАЛЬНИМ БОЛЬОВИМ СИНДРОМОМ - З метою вивчення особливостей біологічного віку в жінок старших вікових груп із вертебральним больовим синдромом, залежно від стану мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини (МЩНТ), обстежено 257 жінок віком 50-89 років у постменопаузальному періоді, яких поділили на групи: основна група - 154 жінки з остеопорозом та остеопенією, група порівняння - 103 пацієнтки з нормальною МІЩКТ. Визначення біологічного віку (БВ) проводили з використанням “амбулаторної” батареї тестів за методикою В. П. Войтенко. Мінеральну щільність кісткової тканини визначали методом двохенергетичної рентгенівської абсорбціометрії, наявність та інтенсивність вертебрального больового синдрому - за 10-бальною візуально-аналоговою шкалою. Встановлено, що у жінок старших вікових груп показники біологічного віку достовірно погіршуються як серед пацієнток із нормальною, так і з низькою МЩКТ, починаючи від 60 років, причому в пацієнток з остеопорозом (без вертебральних переломів) показник БВ у віці 60-69 років є значимо меншим, порівняно з особами без остеопорозу, та достовірно збільшується тільки у віковій групі 70-79 років. Найбільші зміни показників БВ, самооцінки здоров’я (СОЗ) та статичного балансування (СБ) встановлено у хворих з остеопенією. Крім того, показник БВ у віковій групі 60-69 років був вірогідно гіршим (вищим) у групах з нормальною МЩКТ (р<0,001) та остеопенією (р<0,001) порівняно з пацієнтками із остеопорозом. Встановлено достовірні зв’язки між показником БВ та індексом маси тіла, показниками якості трабеку- лярної кісткової тканини та мінеральної щільності. Наявність та вираження вертебрального больового синдрому корелювали з показником індексу СОЗ тільки в жінок з нормальною МЩКТ. Таким чином, серед жінок старших вікових груп з нормальною МЩКТ при погіршенні біологічного віку істотну роль відіграють вікові зміни, а у пацієнток з остеопорозом - процеси, пов’язані з віком, нівелюються наявністю самого захворювання. Отримані результати підкреслюють необхідність ранньої діагностики втрати кісткової маси до моменту розвитку остеопорозу та його ускладнень.
ГІГІЄНІЧНА ОЦІНКА НАСЛІДКІВ ХЛОРУВАННЯ ВОДИ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОДОЙМ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПРИДУНАВ’Я
Authors: Kovalchuk L. J. , Mokіenko A. V. , Petrenko N. F.
Published: May 2016

У роботі представлено результати гігієнічної оцінки наслідків хлорування води поверхневих водойм Українського Придунав’я. Встановлено, що хлорування води озер Кагул, Ялпуг, Катлабух супроводжується  достовірним (р<0,05) ростом утворення високих рівнів хлороформу залежно від дози введеного хлору, які в 2 (при хлоруванні води озера Кагул дозою хлору 1 мг/дм3) – 20 разів (при хлоруванні води озера Катлабух дозою хлору 7 мг/дм3) перевищують чинний норматив цієї сполуки для питної води. Це створює додатковий ризик канцерогенної захворюванності населення. Висловлено думку, що  хлороформ та інші тригалометани (ТГМ) є тільки складовою токсичного та віддалених   впливів на стан здоров’я споживачів хлорованої   води  поверхневих водойм. Обґрунтовано необхідність досліджень    хлорвмісних сполук та продуктів трансформації забруднювачів у процесі хлорування та доцільність дослідження і впровадження альтернативних хлоруванню засобів знезараження води,  наприклад  діоксиду  хлору.
МУКОВІСЦИДОЗ У ДІТЕЙ: ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ
Authors: Гошовська І. І. , Кузик Ю. І. , Гошовська Н. А.
Published: May 2016

Муковісцидоз  (МВ)  –  універсальна  генетично детермінована екзокринопатія, яка проявляється переважним ураженням  бронхолегеневої  системи  і  травного  каналу.

Важливою проблемою є несвоєчасна прижиттєва діагностика МВ, що вимагає подальшого вивчення особливостей перебігу захворювання, причин смертності та патоморфозу. Проаналізовані клініко-анатомічні форми МВ відрізнялись значним поліморфізмом уражень внутрішніх органів, що у багатьох випадках утруднювало прижиттєву діагностику захворювання.
КЛІНІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНИХ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ПЕРВИННИМ ГОНАРТРОЗОМ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЮ щІЛЬНІСТЮ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ
Authors: Бакалюк Т. Г.
Published: May 2016

КЛІНІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНИХ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ПЕРВИННИМ ГОНАРТРОЗОМ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЮ щІЛЬНІСТЮ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ

Проведено дослідження ефективності реабілітаційних програм у хворих на первинний гонартроз із явищами остеопенії та остеопорозу. результати свідчать про доцільність застосування різних варіантів сірководневої бальнеотерапії в поєднанні з низькотемпературною пелоїдотерапією для оптимізації реабілітації в санаторних умовах пацієнтів з остеоартрозом і зниженою щільністю кісткової тканини.
ГЕНДЕРНО-ВІКОВІ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНО-МЕДИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕМІГРАНТІВ ТА РЕЕМІГРАНТІВ, ХВОРИХ НА ДЕПРЕСИВНІ РОЗЛАДИ
Authors: Венгер О. П.
Published: May 2016

Проведене дослідження гендерно-вікових та соціально-медичних особливостей у 196 емігрантів, 191 реемігранта, порівняно з 198 неемігрантами із різними формами депресивних розладів, виявило важливу роль як клінічних особливостей, так

і фактора еміграції. В усіх групах переважали жінки (від 58,5 до 66,2 %). серед емігрантів та реемігрантів більше осіб із середньою спеціальною, неповною вищою та вищою освітами, ці особливості найбільше виражені в групі психогенних депресій (відповідно 88,2 і 86,6 % проти 69,6 %, р<0,05), менше – в групі ендогенних (відповідно 86,4, 87,3 % та 75,4 %, р<0,1) і не виражені – в групі органічних депресивних розладів (відповідно 79,0, 80,3 та 73,4 %, р>0,05), що зумовлено переважно трудовим характером української міграції. Практично всі емігранти працюють, тоді як серед неемігрантів та реемігрантів безробіття складає 30,4–82,0 %. серед емігрантів та реемігрантів значна кількість розлучених осіб (23,9–36,1%) та тих, хто не перебував у шлюбі (від 19,1 до 25,8 %). Виявлені особливості повинні враховувати при розробленні лікувально-реабілітаційних та профілактичних заходів.
ПСИХОПАТОЛОГІЧНІ, ПАТОПЕРСОНОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХВОРИХ ІЗ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ ОРГАНІВ ДИХАННЯ ТА ПЕРИФЕРИЧНОЇ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Белов О. О.
Published: May 2016

У  проведеному  дослідженні  психопатологічних, патоперсонологічних та психосоціальних особливостей 85 хворих із професійною патологією органів дихання та 84 пацієнтів із професійною патологією периферичної нервової системи, порівняно з хворими із патологію непрофесійного характеру, виявлено ознаки соматизації (2,30±0,61 та 2,26±0,70 бала, р<0,05), міжособистісної сензитивності (1,43±0,72 та 1,81±0,80 бала, р<0,05), тривожності (2,40±1,37 та 1,80±1,29 бала, р<0,05) та фобічної тривожності

(0,51±0,41 та 0,39±0,27 бала, р<0,05), вищий рівень реактивної (49,07±11,80 та 42,87±11,19 бала, р<0,05) та особистісної тривожності (46,08±10,26 та 43,15±10,18 бала, р<0,05), більшу виразність іпохондричних, тривожно-депресивних, астено-депресивних тенденцій та проявів емоційної лабільності, переважання іпохондричного (17,6 і 26,1 %), тривожного (15,3 і 11,9 %), неврастенічного (12,9 та 12,9 %) і егоцентричного типів (8,2 та 10,7 %) ставлення до хвороби. хворим із професійною патологією притаманний вищий рівень дисоціації за типом внутрішнього конфлікту в сферах активної життєдіяльності, здоров’я, цікавої роботи та впевненості в собі, за типом внутрішнього вакууму – в сфері наявності друзів. хворі з професійною патологією виявляють нижчий рівень якості життя за сферами фізичного здоров’я та психологічної якості життя, і вищий – за сферою соціальної якості життя та оточення. Виявлені закономірності можуть бути пояснені впливом аграваційно-рентних тенденцій.
Flesh-eaters: Notes toward a Zombie Methodology
Authors: O’Brien Martin
Published: May 2016

This article reflects upon Martin O’Brien’s 2015 commission Taste of Flesh/Bite Me I’m Yours as part of Trust Me, I’m an Artist, a Creative Europe-funded project. O’Brien discusses the ethics of witnessing the “sick body” in performance and considers the concept of disease as a mode of spectatorship—a concept employed in order to think through the politics of witnessing difficult performance work by artists with illnesses. The artist particularly reflects upon the nature of participation during his performance, which involved explicit interaction with his body as “sick.” O’Brien concludes by considering the ways in which the nature of this interaction allows for the striving toward agency over one’s own flesh.
un Security Council vs. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Authors: Blix Hans
Published: May 2016

International institutions given the task to maintain collective security and to seek disarmament need to build on cooperation between major powers. The authors of the un Charter vested great powers in the Security Council but a consensus between the five permanent great powers was required for use of the powers. This inevitably paralyzed the Council during the Cold War. After the end of the Cold War, the permanent members have remained unable jointly to pursue disarmament, but they have succeeded in several remarkable cases to reach consensus, notably on measures to prevent the further spread of weapons of mass destruction. The quick action to eliminate chemical weapons in Syria was a win-win case led by us-Russian diplomacy, while the comprehensive deal settling the controversy over Iran’s nuclear program was a victory for patient diplomacy involving all permanent members and the eu. These actions show the potentials of the Council.
The Pantheismusstreit and the Spiritualization of Spinozism
Authors: Wertheim David J.
Published: May 2016

This article deals with the way the controversy on the presumed Spinozism of G.E. Lessing during the eighties of the eighteenth century, also known as the Pantheismusstreit, was the start of a new interpretation of Spinoza as a spiritual thinker. At a time when Spinozism was generally considered a form of immoralism, this new interpretation of Spinoza came about as a defence strategy against those who tried to discredit Enlightenment ideas by attacking those harbouring such ideas for being Spinozists.
Human Nature, the Humanities and Neoliberalism
Authors: Rafudeen Auwais
Published: May 2016

What is the purpose of studying the humanities? This paper suggests we need to revisit this fundamental question by reclaiming an older, pre-Enlightenment vision of the humanities – a vision premised on a different view of human nature and invested in the notions of contemplation, wisdom, virtue and universality. These are not amorphous notions but are associated with traditions through which they are practiced and realized. And when applied to the sphere of late modernity, they tend act in opposition to features characteristic of this modernity. Specifically: contemplation as against the commoditizing of ideas; wisdom as against information without terminus; virtue as against subjectivity defined in terms of rights; and universality as against identity politics. It is our view that this older vision of the humanities – and the key to its ‘relevance’ today – is that it provides a refuge against, and a challenge to, the corrosive onslaught of a dehumanizing neoliberal modernity.
Taxonomic revision of Leandra sect. Leandra (Melastomataceae, Miconieae)
Authors: REGINATO MARCELO
Published: May 2016

A taxonomic monograph of a re-circumscribed Leandra sect. Leandra is presented. The new circumscription is based on a previous phylogenetic hypothesis, and diagnostic morphological characters are discussed. Four new combinations to Leandra are proposed, one from Clidemia (L. capilliflora) and three from Ossaea (L. capitata, L. cogniauxii and L. loligomorpha). Additionally, eight species are treated as synonyms for the first time, and 15 lectotypes are designated. A review of the 17 recognized species, including descriptions, synonymy, illustrations and distribution maps, is provided. This work also includes an overview of general morphology, leaf and flower anatomy, phenology and geographical distribution. Species with a history of taxonomic problems and/or with distinctive morphotypes are further investigated with morphometrics tools.
From central to marginal: The trajectory of Israel’s public-housing policy
Authors: Hananel Ravit
Published: May 2016

Over the past decade, in the wake of the global housing crisis, many countries have again turned to public housing to increase the supply of affordable housing for disadvantaged residents. Because the literature and past experience have generally shown public-housing policies to be contrary to the urban-diversity approach, many countries are reshaping their policies and focusing on a mix of people and of land uses. In this context, the Israeli case is particularly interesting. In Israel, as in many other countries (such as Germany and England), there was greater urban diversity in public-housing construction during the 1950s and 1960s (following the state’s establishment in 1948). However, at the beginning of the new millennium, when many countries began to realise the need for change and started reshaping their public-housing policies in light of the urban-diversity approach, Israel responded differently. In this study I use urban diversity’s main principles – the mix of population and land uses – to examine the trajectory of public-housing policy in Israel from a central housing policy to a marginal one. The findings and the lessons derived from the Israeli case are relevant to a variety of current affordable-housing developments in many places.
Ruin and Organization Studies
Authors: De Cock Christian , O’Doherty Damian
Published: May 2016

In this paper we offer a preliminary study of the various ways in which ‘ruin’ has significance for organization studies. One important motif associated with both modern and romantic treatments of ruins concerns the revelatory impressions they make. In this respect the tradition of ruin writing will talk of their ‘beauty’, their ‘strangeness’ or their capacity to ‘intimidate’, which somehow never fails to strike a responsive nerve in us. In order to attend to this elusive phenomenon we must necessarily breach some of the self-imposed boundaries of our ‘discipline’. Taking up this challenge we follow W. G. Sebald in his use of contiguity as both method and textual structuring device, allowing us to drift across iconic ruin images, ruin theories and our own ruinous research experiences. This helps us learn how to ‘dwell’ in the ruin – without any impatient reaching after fact or explaining away ruins in the terms of an established tradition of theorizing in organization – and open up new analytic spaces and associations for organizational researchers. These concern specifically (a) a distinctive approach to time, history and memory; (b) an increased awareness of the multiplicity of forces impinging on organization, forces from which we so easily retreat behind the cordon sanitaire of organization-studies-as-usual; and (c) a cognisance of how the very way we write is a mode of doing organization that is crucial for our ability and willingness to look into ‘all corners of reality’ so that we might better grasp organizational phenomena.
Protecting the Paradox of Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Huq Jo-Louise , Reay Trish , Chreim Samia
Published: May 2016

We studied an interprofessional collaboration to understand how professionals engaged with paradox in collective decision-making. At the beginning of our study, we observed vicious cycles in which conflict led to negative tension. Professionals were holding tightly to a particular pole of the paradox, and the higher-status pole was consistently overrepresented in collective decision-making. By the end of our study we observed the presence of virtuous cycles, where conflict led to more positive tension, and where professionals engaged in collective decision-making with more equal representation of conflicting approaches. We call this change process protecting the paradox and we identify three strategies that support this process: (1) promoting equality of both poles, (2) strengthening the weaker pole, and (3) looking beyond the paradox by focusing on desired outcomes. We contribute to the paradox literature by showing how vicious cycles can be shifted to virtuous cycles, how professionals and managers can work together to protect a paradox, and how status differences between poles can be redistributed.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of CEP-26401, a high-affinity histamine-3 receptor antagonist, following single and multiple dosing in healthy subjects
Authors: Spiegelstein Ofer , Stevens Jasper , Van Gerven Joop , Nathan Pradeep J , Maynard James P , Mayleben David W , Hellriegel Edward , Yang Ronghua
Published: May 2016

CEP-26401 is a novel orally active, brain-penetrant, high-affinity histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist, with potential therapeutic utility in cognition enhancement. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalation studies with single (0.02 to 5 mg) or multiple administration (0.02 to 0.5 mg once daily) of CEP-26401 were conducted in healthy subjects. Plasma and urine samples were collected to investigate CEP-26401 pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic endpoints included a subset of tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and nocturnal polysomnography. Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling was conducted on one CANTAB and one polysomnography parameter of interest. CEP-26401 was slowly absorbed (median tmax range 3–6 hours) and the mean terminal elimination half-life ranged from 24–60 hours. Steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved within six days of dosing. CEP-26401 exhibits dose- and time-independent pharmacokinetics, and renal excretion is a major elimination pathway. CEP-26401 had a dose-dependent negative effect on sleep, with some positive effects on certain CANTAB cognitive parameters seen at lower concentrations. The derived three compartment population pharmacokinetic model, with first-order absorption and elimination, accurately described the available pharmacokinetic data. CEP-26401 was generally well tolerated up to 0.5 mg/day with most common treatment related adverse events being headache and insomnia. Further clinical studies are required to establish the potential of low-dose CEP-26401 in cognition enhancement.
Preparations for Old Age and Well-Being in Later Life in Thailand: Gender Matters?
Authors: Pothisiri Wiraporn , Quashie Nekehia T.
Published: May 2016

Data from the 2011 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand examines the association between preparations for old age (financial, health, caregiving, living arrangements, and spiritual) and three measures of well-being: financial satisfaction, life satisfaction, and physical health. The study further explores the role of social stratification and the gendered nature of these relationships. The sample ( N = 10,235) is restricted to adults 60 years and above, who are retired and answered the survey independently. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that different forms of preparation are positively associated with post-retirement well-being for men and women but socioeconomic resources are positively associated with all three well-being outcomes. Furthermore, for women, there are significant negative interaction effects of income and financial preparation on life satisfaction, as well as negative interaction effects of disability and caregiver preparation on self-rated health. Implications for long-term care, socioeconomic inequality, and gender inequality in paid labor are discussed.
Unmodified multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polylactic acid for electrically conductive injection-moulded composites
Authors: Rivière Pauline , Nypelö Tiina E , Obersriebnig Michael , Bock Henry , Müller Marcus , Mundigler Norbert , Wimmer Rupert
Published: May 2016

Tailoring the properties of natural polymers such as electrical conductivity is vital to widen the range of future applications. In this article, the potential of electrically conducting multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites produced by industrially viable melt mixing is assessed simultaneously to MWCNT influence on the composite’s mechanical strength and polymer crystallinity. Atomic force microscopy observations showed that melt mixing achieved an effective distribution and individualization of unmodified nanotubes within the polymer matrix. However, as a trade-off of the poor tube/matrix adhesion, the tensile strength was lowered. With 10 wt% MWCNT loading, the tensile strength was 26% lower than for neat PLA. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicated that polymer crystallization after injection moulding was nearly unaffected by the presence of nanotubes and remained at 15%. The resulting composites became conductive below 5 wt% loading and reached conductivities of 51 S m−1 at 10 wt%, which is comparable with conductivities reported for similar nanocomposites obtained at lab scale.
Communicating to Improve Health
Authors: Zheng Yue , McKeever Brooke Weberling
Published: May 2016

Using a nationwide survey of 1,539 respondents, this study uses variables from the situational theory of problem solving to examine communication related to three of the largest U.S.-based fundraising events benefiting three nonprofit health organizations. The findings extend the situational theory of problem solving by adding health consciousness as an antecedent and provide empirical support for its increased predictive power in explaining communicative action, which may lead to future participation in fundraising events. In addition, by investigating how health-related communicative action varies across demographics and by media use, this study contributes a range of practical implications in terms of how nonprofit and health communication practitioners might better segment publics and utilize different media channels to disseminate health-related information more effectively.
The economic exploitation of child workers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hobbs Sandy , McKechnie Jim , Simpson Amanda
Published: May 2016

Minimum wages legislation in the United Kingdom applies to those aged 16 years or older. Evidence is presented that children believe that their wage levels should be ‘fair’. On one hand, such views have emerged from focus groups of working children. On the other, various pressure groups representing young people are seeking to establish fair payment to child workers. It is argued that the government, trade unions and other bodies have failed to adequately address the protection of young workers.
Service nepotism in cosmopolitan transient social spaces
Authors: Sarpong David , Maclean Mairi
Published: May 2016

This article examines service nepotism, the practice of bestowing gifts or benefits on customers by frontline service staff based on a perceived shared socio-collective identity. Adopting a micro-sociological approach, it explores the practice as played out in multi-cultural transient service encounters. Given the dearth of existing research and low visibility of service nepotism operating ‘under the radar’, the article assumes an exploratory qualitative research approach to capture it through ‘microstoria’: the sharing of stories by marginal actors, as recounted by West African migrants working in the UK. These stories reveal similarity-to-self cueing, non-verbal communication and the availability of discretionary authority as three salient logics in play. In a highly differentiated multi-ethnic society, service nepotism challenges a very specific customer-oriented bureaucratic ethos that demands impartiality. It also provides contexts for relatively powerless employees to rebalance their relationship with their organizations, thereby addressing a more pressing dysfunction within the market and society more generally.
Unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a report of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis mimicking a testicular tumour in a Caucasian AIDS patient
Authors: Cherif S , Yoganathan K , Banks T , Abdulla R
Published: May 2016

Worldwide, it is estimated that 14.8% of all new tuberculosis cases in adults are attributable to HIV infection. Genitourinary tuberculosis is a known complication and is considered to be a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Isolated tuberculous epididymo-orchitis is rare. We report a Caucasian HIV-positive heterosexual male with a clinical diagnosis of testicular tumour for which he underwent a right orchidectomy. Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis was confirmed by histology. In this case, all Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) criteria were met. We want to convey the message that in HIV-positive patients presenting with testicular swelling, an infective aetiology should be considered. This will increase the possibility of early diagnosis and proper management.
Fractional-order controller design for a heat flow process
Authors: Al-Saggaf Ubaid , Mehedi Ibrahim , Bettayeb Maamar , Mansouri Rachid
Published: May 2016

In this paper, fractional-order controller designs for integer first-order plus time delay systems are investigated. Based on Bode’s ideal transfer function as a reference model, a new structure of the fractional-order controller is proposed. The internal model control principle is used to design the controllers. The effectiveness of the controllers is demonstrated through simulations and their efficiency is validated through experimentation on a heat flow platform.
The effects of intravenous lipid emulsion on hemodynamic recovery and myocardial cell mitochondrial function after bupivacaine toxicity in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Heinonen JA , Schramko AA , Skrifvars MB , Litonius E , Backman JT , Mervaala E , Rosenberg PH
Published: May 2016

Local anesthetic toxicity is thought to be mediated partly by inhibition of cardiac mitochondrial function. Intravenous (i.v.) lipid emulsion may overcome this energy depletion, but doses larger than currently recommended may be needed for rescue effect. In this randomized study with anesthetized pigs, we compared the effect of a large dose, 4 mL/kg, of i.v. 20% Intralipid® ( n = 7) with Ringer’s acetate ( n = 6) on cardiovascular recovery after a cardiotoxic dose of bupivacaine. We also examined mitochondrial respiratory function in myocardial cell homogenates analyzed promptly after needle biopsies from the animals. Bupivacaine plasma concentrations were quantified from plasma samples. Arterial blood pressure recovered faster and systemic vascular resistance rose more rapidly after Intralipid than Ringer’s acetate administration ( p < 0.0001), but Intralipid did not increase cardiac index or left ventricular ejection fraction. The lipid-based mitochondrial respiration was stimulated by approximately 30% after Intralipid ( p < 0.05) but unaffected by Ringer’s acetate. The mean (standard deviation) area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of total bupivacaine was greater after Intralipid (105.2 (13.6) mg·min/L) than after Ringer’s acetate (88.1 (7.1) mg·min/L) ( p = 0.019). After Intralipid, the AUC of the lipid-un-entrapped bupivacaine portion (97.0 (14.5) mg·min/L) was 8% lower than that of total bupivacaine ( p < 0.0001). To conclude, 4 mL/kg of Intralipid expedited cardiovascular recovery from bupivacaine cardiotoxicity mainly by increasing systemic vascular resistance. The increased myocardial mitochondrial respiration and bupivacaine entrapment after Intralipid did not improve cardiac function.
Leadership Styles, Leader’s Effectiveness and Well-being: Exploring Collective Efficacy as a Mediator
Authors: Sudha Kiran Sakkar , Shahnawaz M. G. , Farhat Anam
Published: May 2016

The present study explored the relationships among leadership styles, leader’s effectiveness and well-being directly as well as indirectly through collective efficacy among the employees of the education industry, the latest entrant on the Indian scene. Ninety full-time employees participated in the study. They were administered the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ; Bass & Avolio, 2004. The multifactor leadership questionnaire: Third edition manual and sampler set), Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS; Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector & Kelloway, 2000. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5[2] , 219–230) and Collective Efficacy scale (Karrasch, 2003. Lessons learnt on collective efficacy in multinational teams. Alexandria, VA: United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences). Mediation regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that transactional style has influenced both the outcome variables directly as well as indirectly more than the other two leadership styles. The study contributes to the scantly explored indirect linkages of collective efficacy on leadership styles, effectiveness and well-being.
Book Review: Clive Wilson, Designing the Purposeful Organization: How to Inspire Business Performance Beyond Boundaries
Authors: Tiwari Anjali
Published: May 2016

Clive Wilson, Designing the Purposeful Organization: How to Inspire Business Performance Beyond Boundaries, 2015, Great Britain and United States: Kogan page Limited, 256 pp., ₹2,966
The Role of Self-Management Practices as Mechanisms for Re-Establishing Normality in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Henshall Catherine , Greenfield Sheila , Gale Nicola
Published: May 2016

This article explores the relationship between cancer survivors’ use of self-management practices and their search for normality. Using Frank’s illness narratives and other theoretical literature on normality in chronic illness, it draws on findings from a qualitative study to explore different ways cancer survivors use self-management practices to re-establish normality in their lives post-cancer. The findings suggest that “normality” represents different things to cancer survivors. We suggest that normality in survivorship is not a static concept but is fluid, and at certain times, cancer survivors may display some or all of these different versions of normality. The findings show that self-management practices can help cancer survivors experiment with different health and lifestyle processes to help support their “normal” daily lifestyle activities, quality of life, and well-being.
Mean stress effect correction in strain energy-based fatigue life prediction of metals
Authors: Zhu Shun-Peng , Lei Qiang , Huang Hong-Zhong , Yang Yuan-Jian , Peng Weiwen
Published: May 2016

A new mean stress corrected strain energy model is proposed for fatigue life prediction of metals. Specifically, a mean stress sensitivity parameter is incorporated into modify the dissipated strain energy by introducing two mean stress correction factors. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model is compared with those of Walker, Smith–Watson–Topper, Morrow, and generalized damage parameter models by using 13 experimental data sets. All data points for each material are, respectively, fitted into a single mean stress corrected strain energy-life curve. More accurate predictions are achieved by the proposed model for all data sets with lower model prediction errors than others.
American College Students’ Views of Depression and Utilization of On-Campus Counseling Services
Authors: D’Amico Nicholas , Mechling Brandy , Kemppainen Jeanne , Ahern Nancy R. , Lee Jackson
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: College students are becoming increasingly depressed; however, many do not attend university counseling to seek help. OBJECTIVES: What is the relationship between young adults’ mental health literacy, perceived stigma of depression and treatment, knowledge of treatment benefits and risks, beliefs about alternative therapies, and influence of his or her social network with usage of university counseling? STUDY DESIGN: A survey was administered to N = 107 American undergraduate college students to ascertain the students’ understanding of depression and their views of counseling services on campus. RESULTS: Both likelihood of using alternative therapies and perceived discrimination of social network accounted for 18% of the variance for likelihood of participants seeking campus counseling. CONCLUSIONS: When a young adult college student perceives stigma or discrimination of depression from family and friends, then they may be less likely to seek university counseling for depression as well as possible applications with alternative therapies as a favorable option.
Book review: Clammer, John. 2015: Art, Culture and International Development: Humanizing Social Transformation
Authors: Walker Margath A.
Published: May 2016

Clammer, John. 2015: Art, Culture and International Development: Humanizing Social Transformation. London and New York: Routledge. 168 pp. £90.00 (hardback), £48.93 (paperback), £25.64 (ebook). ISBN: 978 1 138 02471 7 (hardback), 978 1 138 02472 4 (paperback), 978 315 77555 5 (ebook).
The Role of Narcissism in Aggression and Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lambe Sinead , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Garner Emily , Walker Julian
Published: May 2016

It has long been hypothesized that feelings of inferiority or low self-esteem lead individuals to aggress against those they view as being threatening. However, recent studies suggest that it is not just the level of self-esteem but stability that is relevant to understanding this process. As such, researchers have looked to related constructs, such as narcissism, in trying to understand aggressive behaviors. Narcissism is characterized by a dissociation between an unconscious sense of inadequacy and a conscious feeling of superiority. A large number of studies examining the relationship between narcissism and violence have recently been published within both clinical and student populations. This review aimed to systematically collate the findings of such studies and integrate them within current theories of violence. Electronic literature databases such as Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and LexisNexis (legal database) were searched to identify studies examining the relationship between narcissism and violence. Twenty articles were included in this review, describing 25 separate samples. Findings suggest that narcissism is relevant in understanding aggression and violence. This was consistent across both clinical and nonclinical populations and therefore does not appear to be an artifact of studying either very violent or student samples. Evidence from student samples strongly supported the association between narcissism and aggression following an ego threat, while studies using clinical samples did not examine the effect of an ego threat. These findings may have an impact on how we understand, predict, and reduce violence.