bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave Radar/radiometer for Arctic Clouds (MiRAC): first insights from the ACLOUD campaign
Authors: Mech Mario , Kliesch Leif-Leonard , Anhäuser Andreas , Rose Thomas , Kollias Pavlos , Crewell Susanne
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Microwave Radar/radiometer for Arctic Clouds (MiRAC) is a novel instrument package developed to study the vertical structure and characteristics of clouds and precipitation on board the Polar 5 research aircraft. MiRAC combines a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar at 94 GHz including a 89 GHz passive channel (MiRAC-A) and an eight-channel radiometer with frequencies between 175 and 340 GHz (MiRAC-P). The radar can be flexibly operated using different chirp sequences to provide measurements of the equivalent radar reflectivity with different vertical resolution down to 5 m. MiRAC is mounted for down-looking geometry on Polar 5 to enable the synergy with lidar and radiation measurements. To mitigate the influence of the strong surface backscatter the radar is mounted with an inclination of about 25∘ backward in a belly pod under the Polar 5 aircraft. Procedures for filtering ground return and range side lobes have been developed. MiRAC-P frequencies are especially adopted for low-humidity conditions typical for the Arctic to provide information on water vapor and hydrometeor content. MiRAC has been operated on 19 research flights during the ACLOUD campaign in the vicinity of Svalbard in May–June 2017 providing in total 48 h of measurements from flight altitudes >2300 m. The radar measurements have been carefully quality controlled and corrected for surface clutter, mounting of the instrument, and aircraft orientation to provide measurements on a unified, geo-referenced vertical grid allowing the combination with the other nadir-pointing instruments. An intercomparison with CloudSat shows good agreement in terms of cloud top height of 1.5 km and radar reflectivity up to −5 dBz and demonstrates that MiRAC with its more than 10 times higher vertical resolution down to about 150 m above the surface is able to show to some extent what is missed by CloudSat when observing low-level clouds. This is especially important for the Arctic as about 40 % of the clouds during ACLOUD showed cloud tops below 1000 m, i.e., the blind zone of CloudSat. In addition, with MiRAC-A 89 GHz it is possible to get an estimate of the sea ice concentration with a much higher resolution than the daily AMSR2 sea ice product on a 6.25 km grid.
Excitation of chorus with small wave normal angles due to beam pulse amplifier (BPA) mechanism in density ducts
Authors: Bespalov Peter A. , Savina Olga N.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We examine specific features of the realisation of the beam pulse amplifier (BPA) mechanism of chorus excitation in the density ducts that have a width of the order of 100–300 km with refractive reflection. The dispersion characteristics of whistler emissions in a planar duct under conditions for the fulfilment of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation and refractive reflection from the “walls” of the duct are analysed. It is shown that in the enhanced duct, discrete spectral elements of chorus with a narrow angular spectrum along the external magnetic field can be excited at frequencies somewhat lower than half of the electron cyclotron frequency. In the depleted duct at frequencies somewhat higher than half of the electron cyclotron frequency, chorus with a narrow angular spectrum along the magnetic field can be excited. The proposed model explains the possibility of excitation of chorus with small angles of the wave normal when the BPA mechanism is implemented. It is noted that the properties of chorus, such as the intensity and a typical angle of the wave normal, can be different for the lower- and upper-band chorus.
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from different surface types in a created urban wetland
Authors: Li Xuefei , Wahlroos Outi , Haapanala Sami , Pumpanen Jukka , Vasander Harri , Ojala Anne , Vesala Timo , Mammarella Ivan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Many wetlands have been drained due to urbanization, agriculture, forestry or other purposes, which has resulted in losing their ecosystem services. To protect receiving waters and to achieve services such as flood control and stormwater quality mitigation, new wetlands are created in urbanized areas. However, our knowledge of greenhouse gas exchange in newly created wetlands in urban areas is currently limited. In this paper we present measurements carried out at a created urban wetland in boreal climate. We conducted measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux (NEE) and CH4 flux (FCH4) at the constructed stormwater wetland Gateway in Nummela, Vihti, Southern Finland using eddy covariance (EC) technique. The measurements were commenced the fourth year after construction and lasted for one full year and two subsequent growing seasons. Besides ecosystem scale fluxes measured by EC tower, the diffusive CO2 and CH4 fluxes from the open-water area (Fw_CO2 and Fw_CH4, respectively) were modelled based on measurements of CO2 and CH4 concentration in the water. Fluxes from vegetated area were estimated by applying a simple mixing model using above-mentioned fluxes and footprint-weighted fractional area. The half-hourly footprint-weighted contribution of diffusive fluxes from open water ranged from 0 to 25.5 % in year 2013. The annual NEE of the studied wetland was 8.0 g C-CO2 m−2 yr−1 with the 95 % confidence interval between −18.9 and 34.9 g C-CO2 m−2 yr−1 and FCH4 was 3.9 g C-CH4 m−2 yr−1 with the 95 % confidence interval between 3.75 and 4.07 g C-CH4 m−2 yr−1. The ecosystem sequestered CO2 during summer months (June–August), while the rest of the year it was a CO2 source. CH4 displayed strong seasonal dynamics, higher in summer and lower in winter, with a sporadic emission episode in the end of May 2013. Both CH4 and CO2 fluxes, especially those obtained from vegetated area, exhibited strong diurnal cycle during summer with synchronized peaks around noon. The annual Fw_CO2 was 297.5 g C-CO2 m−2 yr−1 and Fw_CH4 was 1.73 g C-CH4 m−2 yr−1. The peak diffusive CH4 flux was 137.6 nmol C-CH4 m−2 s−1, which was synchronized with the FCH4. Overall, during the monitored time period, the established stormwater wetland had a climate warming effect with 0.263 kg CO2-eq m−2 yr−1 of which 89 % was contributed by CH4. The radiative forcing of the open-water exceeded the vegetation area (1.194 kg CO2-eq m−2 yr−1 and 0.111 kg CO2-eq m−2 yr−1, respectively), which implies that, when considering solely the climate impact of a created wetland over a 100-year horizon, it would be more beneficial to design and establish wetlands with large patches of emergent vegetation, and to limit the areas of open-water to the minimum necessitated by other desired ecosystem services.
Global atmospheric carbon monoxide budget 2000–2017 inferred from multi-species atmospheric inversions
Authors: Zheng Bo , Chevallier Frederic , Yin Yi , Ciais Philippe , Fortems-Cheiney Audrey , Deeter Merritt N. , Parker Robert J. , Wang Yilong , Worden Helen M. , Zhao Yuanhong
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations have been
decreasing since 2000, as observed by both satellite- and ground-based
instruments, but global bottom-up emission inventories estimate increasing
anthropogenic CO emissions concurrently. In this study, we use a
multi-species atmospheric Bayesian inversion approach to attribute
satellite-observed atmospheric CO variations to its sources and sinks in
order to achieve a full closure of the global CO budget during 2000–2017.
Our observation constraints include satellite retrievals of the total column
mole fraction of CO, formaldehyde (HCHO), and methane (CH4) that are
all major components of the atmospheric CO cycle. Three inversions (i.e.,
2000–2017, 2005–2017, and 2010–2017) are performed to use the observation
data to the maximum extent possible as they become available and assess the
consistency of inversion results to the assimilation of more trace gas
species. We identify a declining trend in the global CO budget since 2000
(three inversions are broadly consistent during overlapping periods), driven
by reduced anthropogenic emissions in the US and Europe (both likely from
the transport sector), and in China (likely from industry and residential
sectors), as well as by reduced biomass burning emissions globally,
especially in equatorial Africa (associated with reduced burned areas). We
show that the trends and drivers of the inversion-based CO budget are not
affected by the inter-annual variation assumed for prior CO fluxes. All
three inversions contradict the global
bottom-up inventories in the world's top two emitters: for the sign of
anthropogenic emission trends in China (e.g., here -0.8±0.5 % yr−1 since 2000, while the prior gives 1.3±0.4 % yr−1)
and for the rate of anthropogenic emission increase in South Asia (e.g.,
here 1.0±0.6 % yr−1 since 2000, smaller than 3.5±0.4 % yr−1 in the prior inventory). The posterior model CO
concentrations and trends agree well with independent ground-based
observations and correct the prior model bias. The comparison of the three
inversions with different observation constraints further suggests that the
most complete constrained inversion that assimilates CO, HCHO, and CH4
has a good representation of the global CO budget, and therefore matches best
with independent observations, while the inversion only assimilating CO
tends to underestimate both the decrease in anthropogenic CO emissions and
the increase in the CO chemical production. The global CO budget data from
all three inversions in this study can be accessed from
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4454453.v1 (Zheng et al., 2019).
Debris cover and the thinning of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, Part A:in situ mass balance measurements
Authors: Anderson Leif S. , Anderson Robert S. , Buri Pascal , Armstrong William H.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The mass balance of many Alaskan glaciers is perturbed by debris cover. Yet the effect of debris on glacier response to climate change in Alaska has largely been overlooked. In three companion papers we assess the role of debris, ice dynamics, and surface processes in thinning Kennicott Glacier. In Part A, we report in situ measurements from the glacier surface. In Part B, we develop a method to delineate ice cliffs using high-resolution imagery and produce distributed mass balance estimates. In Part C we explore feedbacks that contribute to glacier thinning. Here in Part A, we describe data collected in the summer of 2011. We measured debris thickness (109 locations), sub-debris melt (74), and ice cliff backwasting (60) data from the debris-covered tongue. We also measured air-temperature (3 locations) and internal-debris temperature (10). The mean debris thermal conductivity was 1.06 W (m C)−1, increasing non-linearly with debris thickness. Mean debris thicknesses increase toward the terminus and margin where surface velocities are low. Despite the relatively high air temperatures above thick debris, the melt-insulating effect of debris dominates. Sub-debris melt rates ranged from 6.5 cm d−1 where debris is thin to 1.25 cm d−1 where debris is thick near the terminus. Ice cliff backwasting rates varied from 3 to 14 cm d−1 with a mean of 7.1 cm d−1 and tended to increase as elevation declined and debris thickness increased. Ice cliff backwasting rates are similar to those measured on debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia and the Alps.
Genetic diversity and relatedness in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Elmeer Khaled , Matatt Imene , Al-Malki Ameena , Alam Md. Samsul
Published: September 2019

Information on genetic relatedness can be used to control the rate of inbreeding by applying the sib-avoidance mating strategy. Estimation of genetic relatedness based on molecular markers is a potential technique to infer the degree of genetic relationships among individuals identified as parent–offspring, full-sib, half-sib, and unrelated pairs. The objectives of the study were to assess the genetic variation, the population structure, and the level of inbreeding and relatedness in seven different collections of Oryx leucoryx based on the analysis of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci, in order to provide information about the impact of captive breeding management. The analysis revealed that the mean number of alleles per locus, the polymorphic information content, and the observed and expected heterozygosity across the loci were 6.46 ± 0.95, 0.523 ± 0.028, 0.391 ± 0.032, and 0.583 ± 0.031, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was found to be significant in five of the seven collections. The structure analysis identified two groups among the 96 individuals. The pairwise relatedness (rXYW) in the combined sample followed the distributions expected under the unrelated category. A low level of heterozygosity and a high level of inbreeding and relatedness were found in the samples of O. leucoryx collected from Qatar. As individual animals can be identified by tags, this relatedness information can be used to control the rate of inbreeding by avoiding mating between close relatives.
Análise da volatilidade do Ibovespa entre 2001 e 2016: uma estimação através de modelos ARCH
Authors: Carlos Nogueira Júnior Enilson , Ndege Kobunda Christian
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho busca fazer uma análise da volatilidade do Índice Bovespa por meio de modelos simétricos e assimétricos da classe GARCH. Utilizando dados de 2001 a 2016, a modelagem da volatilidade mostra-se melhor ajustada pelos modelos GARCH (1,1), EGARCH (1,1) e TARCH (1,1). Tais modelos confirmam o efeito persistência, visto o somatório do coeficiente das variáveis em t-1 ser próximo a 1. Em relação à assimetria, os modelos TARCH (1,1) e EGARCH (1,1) indicam que há diferença entre os impactos de choques positivos e negativos sobre a volatilidade, sendo que o primeiro também indica o "efeito alavacagem", ou seja, a volatilidade é maior em períodos de choques negativos.
Existe fuga de cérebros no Estado de Minas Gerais?
Authors: Santos Renata De Souza , Teixeira Evandro Camargos , Silva Gercione Dionizio
Published: September 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a existência de fuga de cérebros do estado de Minas Gerais para outras unidades da federação brasileiras nos anos de 2005 e 2015, tendo como fonte as informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).  Para tal, foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Becker, Ichino e Peri (2003), que consiste na criação de dois índices: um baseado na teoria do Capital Humano e outro nos indivíduos mais qualificados. Tal metodologia foi adaptada para analisar o fenômeno da fuga de cérebros interna brasileira, sendo realizada também a correção do viés de seletividade amostral na equação minceriana para cálculo do retorno educacional. Os resultados demonstram que o maior fluxo de emigrantes de Minas Gerais se direcionou para o estado de São Paulo, no entanto só foi constatada a existência de fuga de cérebros mineiros para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
A linguagem não-binária na língua portuguesa: possibilidades e reflexões making herstory
Authors: Lau Heliton Diego , Sanches Gabriel Jean
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tece uma reflexão acerca de uma nova forma de linguagem aplicada na língua portuguesa em que, ao contrário das práticas empregadas no discurso, referidas aos sujeitos, uma forma que não marque exclusivamente um gênero binário. Ao comentar sobre essa linguagem, advinda de pessoas que não se auto identificam com o binário de gênero, os pronomes da língua portuguesa podem não os representar. Ao comentar sobre ela, faremos uso dessa marca de linguagem, portanto, trazemos uma perspectiva rizomática (DELEUZE & GUATTARI, 1995) para essa reflexão, assim como abordagens dos Letramentos Múltiplos (LEANDER & BOLDT, 2012; MASNY, 2012) e do Letramento Crítico (JORDÃO, 2013) em uma apresentação performativa e subversiva (BUTLER, 2013).
VISIBILIDADE LGBTQIA+ E EDUCAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA: POR ENTRE OS DISCURSOS DE ÓDIO, ACEITAÇÃO E RESPEITO
Authors: Ferraz Daniel De Mello
Published: September 2019

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa busca entrelaçar três conceitos-chave na sociedade contemporânea com a educação linguística (MONTE MÓR, 2018, FERRAZ, 2016, 2018), a saber: o neoliberalismo (BIANCHETTI, 1996), as mídias de massa e a(s) homossexualidade(s). Embora possam parecer conceitos distantes, propomos que sejam entendidos como discursos e práticas que se entrecruzam e influenciam enormemente a educação linguística. Desse modo, brevemente discorremos sobre a doxa neoliberal e suas influências e consequências na educação, tecendo algumas considerações sobre o neoliberalismo e a sexualidade (homossexualidade). Posteriormente, refletimos sobre como algumas mídias de massa colaboram com uma recente “aceitação” (e não necessariamente respeito) da homossexualidade na sociedade brasileira. Como exemplo, problematizamos a presença de personagens gays e lésbicas em duas telenovelas brasileiras. Por fim, apontamos para alguns desafios que a formação de professores de línguas deve enfrentar se deseja incluir os temas da homofobia, diferença e respeito em suas agendas, buscando responder às seguintes questões: A formação docente deve incluir esses temas em suas agendas ou deve deixá-los (como se tem feito) para outras áreas do conhecimento? O que o formador pode fazer em suas aulas no que tange às diferenças raciais, sexuais e de gêneros, principalmente quando elas emergem de suas próprias aulas? Interessa às comunidades LGBTQIA+ uma visibilidade da aceitação?
APRESENTAÇÃO: EXISTIMOS E RESISTIMOS!
Authors: Lau Heliton Diego
Published: September 2019

O dossiê da Revista X da UFPR desta edição de 2019, volume 14, número 4, contempla trabalhos pautados em Linguística Aplicada versando sobre áreas transdisciplinares como: raça, gênero, sexualidade, surdez, cegueira e linguística queer em meio a um contexto sócio-histórico-político crítico no qual tais temas podem ser silenciados (ou até censurados), pois a pesquisa, segundo o governo vigente, não deve abordar “questões ideológicas”. Entretanto, em direção contrária a ideologias governamentais, mas voltada aos anseios de uma grande parcela da sociedade que existe e que resiste, o dossiê traz na capa a imagem de Umatheusa (lê-se “uma deusa”). Drag queen. Negra. Gay.
PASoS: Processo para definição da arquitetura de Sistemas-de-Sistemas
Authors: J. Inocêncio Thiago , R. Gonzales Gustavo , E. A. Horita Flávio
Published: September 2019

Um Sistema-de-Sistemas (SoS) é uma classe de sistema caracterizada pela união de sistemas constituintes que são independentes no modo operacional e gerencial e que juntos desempenham novas funcionalidades. Devido as suas características de evolução e interopelabilidade, os SoS são amplamente usados em diversos contextos críticos como gestão de desastres, sistemas de cuidados com a saúde, sistemas militares e cidades inteligentes. Um processo arquitetural de SoS visa definir os stakeholders, sistemas constituintes e como eles interagem entre si e os comportamentos emergentes produzidos por essas interações. Todos esses elementos são definidos a partir de um entendimento do contexto por meio da engenharia de requisitos, descrição da arquitetura e da modelagem das visões arquiteturais do sistema. Pesquisas recentes mostraram poucos avanços no estudo de processos arquiteturais nessa classe de sistema e nesse sentido pesquisas são necessárias para atender às demandas encontradas na literatura para o projeto, análise, avaliação e evolução de arquiteturas em SoS. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa apresenta o PASoS (Processo para definição da Arquitetura de Sistemas-de-Sistemas), um processo criado para ser uma instância do meta-processo SOAR ("Meta-process for SoS Software Architectures") que visa definir por quais elementos um processo arquitetural em SoS deve ser composto. Para isso, em trabalhos futuros os elementos essenciais do SOAR (Alpha e espaços de atividades) serão generalizados em três fases do PASoS, onde em cada uma delas serão elencados sequencialmente os espaços de atividades definidos pelo SOAR que no PASoS são responsáveis por produzir os artefatos arquiteturais (Alphas do SOAR). Espera-se que essa instância de processo oriente os arquitetos de SoS na sequencia de etapas necessárias para construção da arquitetura do SoS para contextos críticos.
Modeling and Simulation of a Smart Street Lighting System
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Gabriel , Araújo Lebtag Bruno Gabriel , Wanderley de Oliveira Luma , Teixeira de Carvalho Sérgio , Fonseca Veiga Ernesto , De Sousa Rocha Cleomar
Published: September 2019

Smart cities comprise highly dynamic, complex and softwareintensive systems planned and created to cope with problems inherent to the increasing world population, such as need for life quality in cities, intense traffic, and sustainability. Owing to such complexity and dynamics, static notations, such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Systems Modeling Language (SysML), are often unable to support a precise conception, planning and design of those smart cities. In turn, the combination of traditional modeling and simulation (M&S) could leverage the design of such systems by enabling the analysis of both structure and behavior aspects still at design-time. The main contribution of this paper is offering evidence to support the premise of M&S be a promising paradigm for software engineering, including in smart cities domain. We report findings on a study carried out for assessing, via M&S, two architectures for a Public Street Lighting System (PSLS) of a smart city. The first architecture uses a hub as intermediator between luminaries and PSLS. The second architecture uses software-intensive luminaries connected to the PSLS using publish/subscribe architectural style. Preliminary results show that the publish/subscribe architecture delivers a greater degree of correctness than the former. Additionally, we conjecture that the adoption of M&S can foster the identification of smart cities behaviors and the identification of, at design-time, properties that could be noticed only after the system has been already deployed.
Uma Investigação da Aplicação de Aprendizado de Máquina para Detecção de Smells Arquiteturais
Authors: Soyer Cunha Warteruzannan , Vieira de Camargo Valter
Published: September 2019

Uma investigação da aplicação de aprendizado de máquina para detectar os smells arquiteturais God Component (GC) e Unstable Dependency (UD) é apresentada neste trabalho. Dois datasets foram criados com exemplos coletados de sistemas reais. A acurácia, precisão e recall foram avaliadas com um conjunto de 10 algoritmos preditivos. Uma seleção de atributos foi realizada a fim de encontrar os mais relevantes para essa detecção. Os algoritmos AdaBoost e SVM (Support Vector Machine) com kernel linear alcançaram os melhores resultados para o GC e UD, respectivamente. Além disso, observouse que alguns atributos que a princípio não seriam considerados, contribuíram para a precisão da detecção.
Infektionsschutz im liberalen Rechtsstaat
Authors: Mers Jutta
Published: September 2019

As the discussion on the introduction of mandatory vaccinations shows, there is nearly always a conflict between individual rights and public interests regarding public health questions. This book analyses if German infectious disease law has succeeded in solving this conflict. For this purpose, the conditions under which public health measures can be justified are considered. Based on this, the author examines if the central statutory provisions are in accordance with the constitution. In particular, this book deals with the question under which circumstances mandatory vaccinations can be established and whether the general clauses legally defined in German infectious disease law are in line with the constitution.
Educação musical e novas tecnologias digitais: recursos e estratégias no contexto do canto e da flauta doce
Authors:   Departamento de Música do Instituto de Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Cuervo Luciane da Costa
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho discute o fazer musical contemporâneo permeado pela cultura digital, em especial no âmbito da utilização de aplicativos na educação musical. Em sua fundamentação, propõe o delineamento de algumas das principais transformações promovidas por recursos associados às novas tecnologias digitais e problematiza possíveis novas habilidades e subsídios necessários aos educadores e músicos hoje. Ilustram a discussão investigações e práticas pedagógicas da autora na utilização de diferentes recursos empregados em seus projetos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão no fomento de práticas musicais a partir do canto coletivo e da flauta doce. Conclui entendendo que a cultura digital abarca uma grande variedade de recursos, que podem promover e qualificar a performance musical, exigindo para isso novas capacidades do educador musical, bem como de estudantes e profissionais da música. Nesse sentido, também se ampliam as concepções do fazer musical e do próprio conceito de musicalidade.
Treinamento e desenvolvimento como instrumento de retenção de talentos nas organizações
Authors: Azeredo Fabiana Capella
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho trata da importância do subsistema treinamento e desenvolvimento como uma fonte de capacitação, aprimoramento e retenção dos profissionais nas organizações. Por meio do treinamento, é possível obter ou melhorar o conhecimento necessário para atingir e eficiência exigida no ambiente de trabalho, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos profissionais. Ter profissionais capacitados, além de aumentar a produtividade e motivação, faz com que eles estejam aptos a trazer ainda mais soluções e inovações para o dia a dia da empresa. A qualificação de funcionários é a principal maneira de reter talentos, mais do que um salário chamativo e um ambiente agradável. Ter base e recursos para a realização do seu trabalho é imprescindível. Desta maneira, o treinamento e desenvolvimento nas empresas trazem benefícios para todos os envolvidos. O progresso curricular do profissional é capaz de trazer resultados surpreendentes. Vale destacar que esta cultura de intensa valorização do funcionário é peça-chave no sucesso de uma empresa. Este trabalho também destaca a importância de que os programas de treinamento e desenvolvimento sejam seguidos por avaliações de resultados no desempenho dos envolvidos, para que isso possa repercutir na permanência dos talentos. As ferramentas de treinamento são uma forma de garantir uma atualização eficaz de colaboradores, independente da área de atuação da organização.
Mapeamento de processos: um estudo de caso na central de aquisições de uma instituição federal de ensino superior
Authors: Paines André de Toledo , Mayer Ana Paula da Costa , Helbert Gabriella Lisbôa , Schmidt Jéssica , Aguiar Mariane Rodrigues Volz de , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, descrever e mapear o processo de compras e contratações realizados por meio da Central de Aquisições da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Para a realização deste, primeiramente, fez-se uma pesquisa sobre as metodologias utilizadas no mapeamento de processos, definindo-se assim a mais adequada e adaptando-a para a realidade do objeto de estudo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os servidores responsáveis pela execução do processo a fim de obter uma descrição detalhada das tarefas desempenhadas durante o mesmo. Estes dados foram transcritos para uma tabela, onde foi possível identificar todos os participantes ativos no processo, além das atribuições de cada um. Para o mapeamento dos processos, utilizou-se o Bizagi Modeler, uma ferramenta freeware de gestão de processos que permite a criação de diversos tipos de diagramas. O resultado gerou grande contribuição no setor, na forma da documentação e registro dos processos, além da metodologia simplificada, que pode ser utilizada em futuros mapeamentos.
As novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação e seus impactos gerenciais no âmbito do Exército Brasileiro
Authors: Grosso Claudio Roberto Nunes , Gomes Celso Augusto dos Santos , Silva Sheldon William
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho aborda as novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e seus impactos gerenciais no âmbito do Exército Brasileiro. Tal abordagem se faz necessária, pois a sociedade do século XXI está permeada por tecnologia. Nesse contexto, as informações trafegam em tempo real, não havendo barreiras transnacionais para tal. Sendo assim, os interesses das principais economias mundiais são garantidos, em última instância, por Forças Armadas modernas e bem equipadas. Isso se justifica pelas características multidimensionais e de amplo espectro dos conflitos modernos, os quais exigem, dos exércitos atuais, cada vez mais conhecimento e domínio de novas tecnologias. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a real contribuição pós-adoção de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação na percepção da obtenção de resultados mais eficazes nos campos da administração militar e gerenciamento de pessoal. Este propósito foi levado a termo por meio de análise qualitativa e pesquisa exploratória acerca das novas TIC e da implantação de um novo sistema corporativo nas Organizações Militares do Exército Brasileiro. A análise realizada comprovou real aumento de produtividade em alinhamento com os objetivos estratégicos da Força Terrestre de colaborar com a alta flexibilidade e confiabilidade do Sistema Estratégico do Comunicações do Exército Brasileiro.
Inventário das árvores urbanas da cidade de Rio Tinto/PB
Authors: Jerônimo Fabrício Ferreira , Gomes Sofia Erika Moreira , Quirino Zelma Glebya Maciel
Published: September 2019

O processo de desenvolvimento urbano tem causado progressivas modificações nas paisagens naturais, com consequente prejuízo para a biodiversidade, causando a destruição, fragmentação e o isolamento de habitats naturais. A arborização urbana proporciona diversos benefícios estéticos, ecológicos e econômicos as populações. O inventário é uma das ferramentas fundamentais para o planejamento e diagnóstico da arborização, e tem como objetivo conhecer o patrimônio arbóreo de uma localidade, fornecendo informações sobre as condições em que se encontram os indivíduos e as prioridades de intervenções. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho é realizar o inventário da arborização urbana da cidade de Rio Tinto/PB, para que possa ser utilizado como ferramenta no seu planejamento ambiental. Os dados foram coletados no período de novembro de 2016 a julho de 2018 através do inventário arbóreo. As informações parametrizadas foram: nome popular, espécies, família, origem e eventos fenológicos. Foram percorridos 47 km, compreendendo todas as ruas, avenidas e praças da cidade. Foram catalogados 931 indivíduos, distribuídos em 28 espécies, pertencentes a 12 famílias. A maior parte dos indivíduos é de origem exótica. Conclui-se que atualmente a arborização de Rio Tinto/PB é considerada homogênea. Propõe-se a substituição gradativa dos indivíduos exóticos por nativos que apresentem características ecológicas compatíveis com o meio urbano. Espera-se que esse banco de dados possa ser ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de novos trabalhos mais pontuais dentro da arborização da cidade de Rio Tinto/PB.
A guide to carrying out a phylogenomic target sequence capture project
Authors: Andermann Tobias , Torres Jimenez Maria Fernanda , Matos-Maraví Pável , Batista Romina , Blanco-Pastor José L , Gustafsson A. Lovisa S , Kistler Logan , Liberal Isabel M , Oxelman Bengt , Bacon Christine D , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: September 2019

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing efforts on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing sequencing depth. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth and has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets of selected loci, suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful theoretical and practical considerations, which will greatly affect the success of the experiment. Here we provide an easy-to-follow flowchart for adequately designing phylogenomic target capture experiments, and we discuss necessary considerations and decisions from the first steps in the lab to the final bioinformatic processing of the sequence data. We particularly discuss issues and challenges related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects and how these issues affect all steps from bait design to the bioinformatic processing of the data. Altogether this review outlines a roadmap for future target capture experiments and is intended to assist researchers with making informed decisions for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies
Proximate composition and quantitative analysis of benzoyl peroxide and benzoic acid in the wheat flour samples: wheat flour quality
Authors: Nisar Numrah , Mustafa Faiza , Tahira Arifa , Qadri Rashad Waseem Khan , Yang Yaodong , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: September 2019

Background. Extensive milling processes have deprived wheat flour from essential nutrients. Objective of the current study was to assess the nutritive quality of commercial wheat flour (soft flour/SF) through analyses of proximate composition and functional properties as well as quantification of benzoyl peroxide (BP; added as bleaching agent in the SF). Methods. Test samples included commercial soft flour samples purchased from the local supplier from different flour mills (with additives) and a control sample without additives was prepared by grinding the seeds harvested from wheat crop grown in the experimental field of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, under optimized field conditions without any fertilizer and insecticide. Benzoyl peroxide and Benzoic Acid quantification was performed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography Results. Results when compared with the whole wheat flour (WF; never received additives) indicated that SF had lesser fiber, protein and ash contents, whereas, higher damaged starch, fat, gluten and bulk density. A parallel experiment under selected conditions (temperature, time and solute concentration) showed dissociation of BP into BA soon after the exposure. Observed BA range (13.77 mg/g after 16hrs) in SF and exposure level assessment (44.3±1.36 mg/kg/BW) showed higher intake of BA on the consumption of SF. Results revealed superiority of WF over SF in nutritive qualities as well as free of toxicants such as BA. KEYWORDS: Benzoyl peroxide; Benzoic acid; Soft Flour; Whole Wheat Flour; High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Phylodynamic theory of persistence, extinction and speciation of rapidly adapting pathogens
Authors: Yan Le , Neher Richard A , Shraiman Boris I
Published: September 2019

Rapidly evolving pathogens like influenza viruses can persist by changing their antigenic properties fast enough to evade the adaptive immunity, yet they rarely split into diverging lineages. By mapping the multi-strain Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model onto the traveling wave model of adapting populations, we demonstrate that persistence of a rapidly evolving, Red-Queen-like state of the pathogen population requires long-ranged cross-immunity and sufficiently large population sizes. This state is unstable and the population goes extinct or ‘speciates’ into two pathogen strains with antigenic divergence beyond the range of cross-inhibition. However, in a certain range of evolutionary parameters, a single cross-inhibiting population can exist for times long compared to the time to the most recent common ancestor (TM⁢R⁢C⁢A) and gives rise to phylogenetic patterns typical of influenza virus. We demonstrate that the rate of speciation is related to fluctuations ofTM⁢R⁢C⁢Aand construct a ‘phase diagram’ identifying different phylodynamic regimes as a function of evolutionary parameters.
A distinct cardiopharyngeal mesoderm genetic hierarchy establishes antero-posterior patterning of esophagus striated muscle
Authors: Comai Glenda , Heude Eglantine , Mella Sebastian , Paisant Sylvain , Pala Francesca , Gallardo Mirialys , Langa Francina , Kardon Gabrielle , Gopalakrishnan Swetha , Tajbakhsh Shahragim
Published: September 2019

In most vertebrates, the upper digestive tract is composed of muscularized jaws linked to the esophagus that permits food ingestion and swallowing. Masticatory and esophagus striated muscles (ESM) share a common cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) origin, however ESM are unusual among striated muscles as they are established in the absence of a primary skeletal muscle scaffold. Using mouse chimeras, we show that the transcription factors Tbx1 and Isl1 are required cell-autonomously for myogenic specification of ESM progenitors. Further, genetic loss-of-function and pharmacological studies point to MET/HGF signaling for antero-posterior migration of esophagus muscle progenitors, where Hgf ligand is expressed in adjacent smooth muscle cells. These observations highlight the functional relevance of a smooth and striated muscle progenitor dialogue for ESM patterning. Our findings establish a Tbx1-Isl1-Met genetic hierarchy that uniquely regulates esophagus myogenesis and identify distinct genetic signatures that can be used as framework to interpret pathologies arising within CPM derivatives.
Rats exhibit similar biases in foraging and intertemporal choice tasks
Authors: Kane Gary A , Bornstein Aaron M , Shenhav Amitai , Wilson Robert C , Daw Nathaniel D , Cohen Jonathan D
Published: September 2019

Animals, including humans, consistently exhibit myopia in two different contexts: foraging, in which they harvest locally beyond what is predicted by optimal foraging theory, and intertemporal choice, in which they exhibit a preference for immediate vs. delayed rewards beyond what is predicted by rational (exponential) discounting. Despite the similarity in behavior between these two contexts, previous efforts to reconcile these observations in terms of a consistent pattern of time preferences have failed. Here, via extensive behavioral testing and quantitative modeling, we show that rats exhibit similar time preferences in both contexts: they prefer immediate vs. delayed rewards and they are sensitive to opportunity costs of delays to future decisions. Further, a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model, a form of hyperbolic discounting with separate components for short- and long-term rewards, explains individual rats’ time preferences across both contexts, providing evidence for a common mechanism for myopic behavior in foraging and intertemporal choice.
Performing gender through stand-up comedy in Spanish
Authors: Ruiz-Gurillo Leonor
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine Eva Hache’s humorous gender-based monologues, broadcast in the show El Club de la Comedia [The Comedy Club] in Spain between 2012 and 2013. The corpus comprises 24 Stand-up monologues, which have been analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The present paper offers a case study in three different ways. Firstly, an analysis of different humorous sequences makes it possible to distinguish a representation of both feminine and masculine identities, as well as a confrontation between the two genders. In fact, Eva Hache’s style supports the feminine identity and facilitates the teasing and mockery of men. Secondly, a polyphonic study of men as speakers (locutors) and utterers (Ducrot, 1986) will serve to differentiate certain features of their identity from a discursive perspective. Finally, a detailed examination of humorous sequences shows how these performative sequences can prove useful to maintain hierarchy, to reinforce an in-group, i.e. a women’s group, to solidify men’s group boundaries, and even to subvert gender normativity (Bing, 2004). As it will be demonstrated in our analysis, humorous markers and indicators play an important role in the construction of jab lines and the final punch line of these sequences. Furthermore, results show that there are few strategies aimed at challenging the status quo in this database, though they illustrate an ongoing movement towards a feminist humor that has been almost non-existent in Spain so far.
Measuring body dimensions of leopards (Panthera pardus) from camera trap photographs
Authors: Tarugara Allan , Clegg Bruce W. , Gandiwa Edson , Muposhi Victor K. , Wenham Colin M.
Published: September 2019

Measurement of body dimensions of carnivores usually requires the chemical immobilization of subjects. This process can be dangerous, costly and potentially harmful to the target individuals. Development of an alternative, inexpensive, and non-invasive method therefore warrants attention. The objective of this study was to test whether it is possible to obtain accurate measurements of body dimensions of leopards from camera trap photographs. A total of 10 leopards (Panthera pardus) were captured and collared at Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe from May 7 to June 20, 2017 and four body measurements namely shoulder height, head-to-tail, body, and tail length were recorded. The same measurements were taken from 101 scaled photographs of the leopards recorded during a baited-camera trapping (BCT) survey conducted from July 1 to October 22, 2017 and differences from the actual measurements calculated. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models were used to determine the effect of type of body measurement, photographic scale, posture, and sex on the accuracy of the photograph-based measurements. Type of body measurement and posture had a significant influence on accuracy. Least squares means of absolute differences between actual and photographic measurements showed that body length in the level back-straight forelimb-parallel tail posture was measured most accurately from photographs (2.0 cm, 95% CI [1.5–2.7 cm]), while head-to-tail dimensions in the arched back-bent forelimb-parallel tail posture were least accurate (8.3 cm, 95% CI [6.1–11.2 cm]). Using the BCT design, we conclude that it is possible to collect accurate morphometric data of leopards from camera trap photographs. Repeat measurements over time can provide researchers with vital body size and growth rate information which may help improve the monitoring and management of species of conservation concern, such as leopards.
Mismatches between the genetic and phenotypic sex in the wild Kou population of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Sissao Rokyatou , D’Cotta Helena , Baroiller Jean-François , Toguyeni Aboubacar
Published: September 2019

Sex determination and sex chromosomes can be very diverse between teleost species. The group of tilapias shows a polymorphism in sex determination not only between closely related species but also between domestic strains within a species. In the Nile tilapia, the major effect genes and therefore the Y chromosome have been located on either linkage group 1 (LG1) or LG23 depending on the strains. In a Japanese strain, the sex determinant of LG23 (the amhY gene) has been identified as a duplicated amh (anti-Müllerian hormone) gene, with its gametolog found on the X chromosome (amhX). AmhY is located in tandem with the amhΔY gene (a truncated form) on the Y chromosome. X and Y chromosome markers based on the amh genes have been validated only on a few domestic strains but not in wild populations. Here, we used four of these markers in order to examine (1) the possible variation in sex determination of a wild population of Nile tilapia living in Lake Kou (Burkina Faso), (2) putative polymorphisms for these amh copies and (3) the existence of sex reversed individuals in the wild. Our genotyping of 91 wild Kou individuals with the amh sex-diagnostic markers of LG23 showed that while phenotypic females were all XX, phenotypic males were either XY or XX. Progeny testing of eight of these XX males revealed that one of these males consistently sired all-female progenies, suggesting that it is a wild sex reversed male (which could result from high temperature effects). The other XX males gave balanced sex ratios, suggesting that sex is controlled by another locus (possibly on another LG) which may be epistatically dominant over the LG23 locus. Finally, identification of unexpected amh genotypes was found for two individuals. They produced either balanced or female-biased sex ratios, depending on the breeder with whom they were crossed, suggesting possible recombination between the X and the Y chromosomes.
XBi4S7 (X = Mn, Fe): New Cost‐Efficient Layered n‐Type Thermoelectric Sulfides with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Labégorre Jean‐Baptiste , Virfeu Agathe , Bourhim Abdelhamid , Willeman Héloïse , Barbier Tristan , Appert Florian , Juraszek Jean , Malaman Bernard , Huguenot Arthur , Gautier Régis , Nassif Vivian , Lemoine Pierric , Prestipino Carmelo , Elkaim Erik , Pautrot‐d'Alençon Lauriane , Le Mercier Thierry , Maignan Antoine , Al Rahal Al Orabi Rabih , Guilmeau Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

A new class of cost‐efficient n‐type thermoelectric sulfides with a layered structure is reported, namely MnBi4S7 and FeBi4S7. Theoretical calculations combined with synchrotron X‐ray/neutron diffraction analyses reveal the origin of their electronic and thermal properties. The complex low‐symmetry monoclinic crystal structure generates an electronic band structure with a mixture of heavy and light bands near the conduction band edge, as well as vibrational properties favorable for high thermoelectric performance. The low thermal conductivity can be attributed to the complex layered crystal structure and to the existence of the lone pair of electrons in Bi3+. This feature combined with the relatively high power factor lead to a figure of merit as high as 0.21 (700 K) in undoped MnBi4S7, making this material a promising n‐type candidate for low‐ and intermediate‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
Encoding and Decoding of Invisible Complex Information in a Dual‐Response Bilayer Photonic Crystal with Tunable Wettability
Authors: Qi Yong , Niu Wenbin , Zhang Shufen , Wu Suli , Chu Lin , Ma Wei , Tang Bingtao
Published: September 2019

Combining responsive colloidal photonic crystals into invisible wettability patterns is important in steganography and watermarking for information encoding and decoding. Using a bilayer photonic crystal as a regionally functionalized porous carrier, a dual‐responsive surface with tunable wettability, reversible switching between wetting and no wetting, and responsivity to pressure and solvents are reported. The mechanism of the design involves reversible switching of micropore shapes and optical diffraction in the fabricated periodic nanostructures, and uses the infiltration and capillary evaporation of fluids to realize the spectral diversity of reflectance. It generates different invisible wettability patterns that are regulated by induced pressure and the Donnan equilibrium osmotic pressure. Immersion of the sample in water induces the varying degrees of infiltration and immediately displays multiple colors. It enables instantaneously transparentizing the full infiltration parts of the top layer and simultaneously releasing the reflected light of the corresponding bottom layer. Moreover, those invisible patterns can be reset by wiping with ethanol. Multiple ways to encode and reveal invisible complex information can easily be realized due to these characteristics. This work opens a new avenue for encoding complex information in a single material platform and extends the design approach of invisible patterns for information coding.