bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Action of Chia Seed Oil in Rats’ Model of Autism
Authors: Zhang Yeqi , Bai Qiqi , Li Qijiu , Zhu Jinghe , Hu Rui , Hui Jing
Published: March 2023

This article mainly focuses on elucidating the effect of chia seed oil (CSO) on autistic traits in offspring rats induced with valproic acid (VPA). Postnatal maturity monitoring are conducted on postnatal day 1–15, and behavioral tests are implemented on postnatal day 49, subsequently, body weight, tail and body length, oxidative stress, the activity of acetylcholinesterase, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical staining in the hippocampal serotonin are investigated to confirm the rat model of autism and evaluate the effects of different doses of CSO. Offspring exposed to VPA prenatally exhibits autism‐like behavior, delayed eye‐opening, olfactory dysfunction, slow growth, poor sociability, high anxiety, and oxidative stress. In addition, neuronal degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolation are found, and positive areas of hippocampal serotonin are aggrandized. However, treatment with CSO, exceptionally high doses of CSO, significantly improves the poor growth and behavioral disorder, enhanced the protective effect on neurodevelopment, and reduced oxidative stress.

Practical application: It can be deduced that CSO has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, which can provide good protection for autism, especially since high doses of CSO have a significant impact.
Low sulfated heparan sulfate mimetic differentially affects repair in immune‐mediated and toxin‐induced experimental models of demyelination
Authors: Lindsay Susan L. , McCanney George A. , Zhan Jiangshan , Scheld Miriam , Smith Rebecca Sherrard , Goodyear Carl S. , Yates Edwin A. , Kipp Markus , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Barnett Susan C.
Published: March 2023

There is an urgent need for therapies that target the multicellular pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Modified, nonanticoagulant heparins mimic the heparan sulfate glycan family and are known regulators of multiple cellular processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that low sulfated modified heparin mimetics (LS‐mHeps) drive repair after CNS demyelination. Herein, we test LS‐mHep7 (an in vitro lead compound) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone‐induced demyelination. In EAE, LS‐mHep7 treatment resulted in faster recovery and rapidly reduced inflammation which was accompanied by restoration of animal weight. LS‐mHep7 treatment had no effect on remyelination or on OLIG2 positive oligodendrocyte numbers within the corpus callosum in the cuprizone model. Further in vitro investigation confirmed that LS‐mHep7 likely mediates its pro‐repair effect in the EAE model by sequestering inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL5 which are upregulated during immune‐mediated inflammatory attacks. These data support the future clinical translation of this next generation modified heparin as a treatment for CNS diseases with active immune system involvement.
Oxidative stress‐mediated epidermal growth factor receptor activation by cigarette smoke or heated tobacco aerosol in human primary bronchial epithelial cells from multiple donors
Authors: Muratani Shugo , Ichikawa Sakuya , Erami Kazuo , Ito Shigeaki
Published: March 2023

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has essential roles in maintaining homeostasis of various tissues by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Deregulation of the EGFR signaling pathway is associated with various chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cigarette smoke (CS) is known to activate EGFR, which is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The biological sequence from CS exposure to EGFR activation is initiated by oxidative stress caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of glutathione, which led to EGFR ligand secretion and EGFR activation. We hypothesized that reducing exposure to CS constituents contributes to preventing CS‐inducible EGFR activation. Therefore, we examined the aerosol from heated tobacco products (HTPs) because the aerosol contains fewer chemical constituents at lower levels than CS. We exposed primary human bronchial epithelial cells from four donors to the extracts of CS from a 1R6F reference cigarette or HTP aerosol from three in‐market products, including our DT3.0a. The biological sequence from ROS to EGFR activation was assessed. CS induced all the tested endpoints although inter‐donor differences were observed, whereas HTPs elicited most of the biological events at higher concentrations; however, EGFR phosphorylation was not observed even at fivefold higher concentration than CS. Overall, our results indicate that HTPs are less effective than CS to elicit ROS‐induced EGFR activation. The reduced‐risk potential of HTPs on EGFR‐related diseases should be investigated further. In addition, testing with multiple donors is warranted when considering the individual differences in responses of primary cells to stimuli.
Yield curve of Treasury Bills in Japan under different regimes of non‐traditional monetary policy
Authors: Ito Takayasu
Published: March 2023

When the BOJ (Bank of Japan) adopted a “quantitative and qualitative easing policy,” zero bound restriction existed. The notion of market practitioners that the BOJ would not adopt a “negative interest rate policy” caused less volatility in the TB (Treasury Bill) market in comparison with a regime of a “negative interest rate policy.” After the BOJ decided to adopt a “negative interest rate policy,” zero bound restriction was lifted, and market practitioners expected that the policy rate decided by the BOJ might be lowered. This expectation gave room for TB yields to fluctuate more than before, and caused more volatility in the TB market under the regime of a “negative interest rate policy” than under one of a “quantitative and qualitative easing policy.” This is why the TB yield curve under a “negative interest rate policy” is driven by a single common trend with mutual causalities in all maturities. In other words, the normal transmission function of the TB yield curve is recovered by the introduction of a “negative interest rate policy.”
Silver/graphene–polypyrrole composite for levosimendan detection
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Luk Hsiang‐Ning , Huang Yi‐Min , Zhang Yu‐Cheng , Chang Xu‐Jia , Wu Ren‐Jang
Published: March 2023

This study used a facile method to develop a novel silver/Graphene–polypyrrole (Ag/G–PPy)‐modified electrode that can be used as an electrochemical sensor for levosimendan detection. The properties of the synthesized Ag/G–PPy‐modified electrode were examined through field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag/G–PPy‐modified electrode exhibited satisfactory current signals toward levosimendan concentrations ranging from 0.21 to 6.88 μM and exhibited a low detection limit (0.12 μM). Accordingly, the proposed electrode can serve as a simple and inexpensive electrochemical sensor for levosimendan detection.
Operant ABA renewal during dense and lean schedules of differential reinforcement
Authors: Kimball Ryan T. , Salvetti Emily L. , Day Lindsay E. , Karis Rebecca , Silveira John , Kranak Michael P.
Published: March 2023

Renewal is a type of relapse that occurs due to a change in context. Previous research has demonstrated that renewal of target responding may occur despite the availability of differential reinforcement for an alternative response (DRA). Nevertheless, the current literature on renewal presents mixed findings regarding the effects of dense and lean schedules of DRA on the magnitude of renewal. We used a translational approach with undergraduate college students and a task on a touchscreen tablet device to study the effects of dense and lean schedules of DRA during repeated renewal tests. All participants experienced two, three‐phase ABA renewal arrangements. In the dense and lean renewal arrangements, we differentially reinforced alternative behavior in Context B and the renewal test in Context A on a VI 3‐s or a VI 12‐s schedule, respectively. Overall, we observed renewal in 31/36 (86%) renewal tests regardless of the density of reinforcement for the alternative response. Furthermore, the results showed that although renewal occurred in both arrangements, we found slightly higher magnitudes of renewal during DRA with lean schedules of reinforcement relative to dense schedules. We discuss the implications of these findings as they relate to the treatment of problem behavior.
Change in black bear range and distribution in Florida using two decadal datasets from 2001–2020
Authors: Scheick Brian K. , Barrett Mark A. , Doran‐Myers Darcy
Published: March 2023

American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Florida have increased in abundance from historically low numbers and currently number >4,000 across 7 subpopulations. Biologists monitor the range of black bears to track their recovery for conservation and management efforts. We estimated geographic range of black bears in Florida for historical (2001–2010) and contemporary (2011–2020) periods using 12 sources of occurrence data collected from wildlife professionals and the public. We reduced data sets by subsampling protocols to account for localized spatiotemporal biases and for possible differences in sampling effort from increases in the human population between modeling periods. We developed models at 2 levels: a generalized boundary (range extent) and a more detailed delineation (occupied range). We developed range extent using a concave hull model and occupied range using kernel density estimation with a corresponding 97.5% isopleth. Between modeling periods, range extent increased by 13.4% and occupied range increased by 11.3%, with both range levels expanding and contracting in certain areas. The ranges indicated improved connectivity among bear subpopulations. We also produced a range map for research, management, and public use built upon contemporary data that partitioned the state into 4 levels representing the relative frequency of bear use (frequent, common, occasional, and rare). Range map levels at the occupied range, and especially frequent use areas, help focus bear research efforts (e.g., placement of hair corrals), management efforts (e.g., assess varying levels of risk to the public of bear conflicts), and conservation efforts (e.g., focusing habitat protection in areas with high use by bears).
1H‐13C cross‐polarization kinetics to probe hydration‐dependent organic components of bone extracellular matrix
Authors: Dwivedi Navneet , Siddiqui Mohd Adnan , Srivastava Seema , Sinha Neeraj
Published: March 2023

Bone is a living tissue made up of organic proteins, inorganic minerals, and water. The organic component of bone (mainly made up of Type‐I collagen) provides flexibility and tensile strength. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is one of the few techniques that can provide atomic‐level structural insights of such biomaterials in their native state. In the present article, we employed the variable contact time cross‐polarization (1H‐13C CP) kinetics experiments to study the hydration‐dependent atomic‐level structural changes in the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The natural abundant 13C CP intensity of the bone ECM is measured by varying CP contact time and best fitted to the nonclassical kinetic model. Different relaxation parameters were measured by the best‐fit equation corresponding to the different hydration conditions of the bone ECM. The associated changes in the measured parameters due to varying levels of hydration observed at different sites of collagen protein have provided its structural arrangements and interaction with water molecules in bone ECM. Overall, the present study reveals a better understanding of the kinetics of the organic part inside the bone ECM that will help in comprehending the disease‐associated pathways.
Effects of coping on nurses' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Mediating role of social support and psychological resilience
Authors: Xu Ying , Zheng Qing‐Xiang , Jiang Xiu‐Min , Guo Sheng‐Bin , Kang Yu‐Lan , Lin Yu‐Ping , Liu Gui‐Hua
Published: March 2023

Background

Fighting against the COVID‐19 pandemic, front‐line nurses were under unprecedented psychological pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly evaluate the psychological status of nurses during the COVID‐19 epidemic period.

Aim

To investigate nurses' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to test the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience between coping and mental health.

Design

This was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey which used a structural equation model.

Method

In total, 711 registered nurses were included. All participants were invited to complete a socio‐demographic questionnaire, the general health questionnaire, the trait coping style questionnaire, the perceived social support scale and the Conner–Davidson Resilience scale.

Results

In total, 50.1% nurses had high risk of mental health. Positive coping positively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. Negative coping negatively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it positively affected mental health. Social support positively affected psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. In addition, social support mediated coping and psychological resilience, and coping and mental health. Moreover, psychological resilience negatively affected mental health, and it mediated coping and mental health.
Wear resistant PEEK composites with great mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity synergized with carbon fibers and h‐BN nanosheets
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Jun , Han Sensen , Ma Na , Li Qingsong , Liu Dongyan , Sui Guoxin
Published: March 2023

It is well known that carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PEEK (polyether‐ether‐ketone) (defined as “PEEK/CF”) composites have excellent properties and have been widely used in diverse fields. Meanwhile, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), as an excellent nano reinforcing agent, is often incorporated into polymer to improve its mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. Herein, PEEK matrix was regulated by adding high‐strength CF as the load‐bearing phase and 2D h‐BN sheets as the solid lubricant and thermally conductive fillers prepared by melt blending to achieve the multi‐scale packing of uniform mixing. The results show that h‐BN is well dispersed in PEEK matrix and improves the interfacial bonding between CF and PEEK matrix, exhibiting a good synergistic effect in enhancing tensile properties of composites. PEEK composite with 20 wt% CF and 4 wt% h‐BN (referred as P/20C/4B) exhibits the highest tensile strength (176.05 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.396 W/(m·K)), which are 97.54% and 126.3% over those of pure PEEK (89.12 MPa; 0.175 W/(m·K)), respectively. In addition, PEEK composite with 10 wt% CF and 4 wt% h‐BN (referred as P/10C/4B) has excellent tribological properties with a friction coefficient of 0.15, the lowest fiction temperature (30.5°C) and a relative low wear rate of 1.62 × 10−6 mm3/(N·m) among them. The synergitic effects of h‐BN and CF on mechanical, tribological properties and thermal conductivity of PEEK composites provides a very broad prospect in their application of low frictional and wear resistant polymeric materials.
Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact
Authors: Korkees Feras , Morris Elliot , Jarrett William , Swart Russo
Published: March 2023

Composite failure due to in‐service low energy impact damage and moisture absorption is a major risk for these materials within aerospace, automotive and other engineering sectors. Deterioration in post‐impact flexural properties, and the tendency of thermosets to absorb moisture are some of the few drawbacks of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Adding graphene into the matrix is theorized to improve mechanical properties and reduce moisture uptake. This study evaluates the diffusion characteristics and flexural properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites modified with NH2 functionalized graphene (CFRP/graphene nanoparticle [GNPs]) before and after impact under various environmental conditions. Adding GNPs to CFRP decreased the flexural strength and modulus by 24% and 25% respectively before impact. After impact, the flexural strength and modulus decreased by 7.4%–23.6% and 37%–67%, respectively. For both composites after undergoing impact, the residual strength and stiffness were considerably reduced due to delamination and transverse cracking. Samples with graphene inclusion experienced a slower rate of ethanol and water diffusion, for both unimpacted and impacted samples, by 46.4% and 44.8%, respectively. Moisture uptake also reduced the flexural properties of both composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good dispersion but poor bonding of graphene to the matrix, which is believed to be the reason for property reduction.
Modification of ricinoleic acid based nonisocyanate polyurethane using polyamine containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Li Heng , Ren Fang‐Yu , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian
Published: March 2023

Biomass‐based polymers and their property regulation using functional materials have attracted much interest. In this work, ricinoleic acid‐derived cyclic carbonate was prepared and applied to the synthesis of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with aliphatic diamine, in which octa(aminopropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OAP‐POSS) was incorporated as polyamine to partially or totally substitutes for the diamine to introduce POSS units into the polymer thus regulating the properties of the resultant material. In the curing process, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to track the reaction and curing at 50°C for 12 h was found to be sufficient for the polymerization. A series of POSS modified NIPUs were obtained by altering the molar fraction of OAP‐POSS in total amine components and the material with the highest thermal stability, shore hardness and water resistance was accessed with 100% substitution of OAP‐POSS for diamine.
Thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological properties of carbon nanotube/nitrile butadiene rubber composites with varying acrylonitrile content: Molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Qian Cheng , Li Yunlong , Zhao Jing , Wang Shijie , He Enqiu
Published: March 2023

Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a common material used in the stator rubber of screw pumps, usually undergoes severe thermal‐oxidative aging and wear at various temperatures and pressures. In this study, 1,2‐dihydro‐2,2,4‐trimethylquinoline (antioxidant RD) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into NBR to improve its thermal‐oxidative aging performance and reduce its wear. The thermal‐oxidative aging and mechanical and tribological properties of NBR composites with acrylonitrile (ACN) contents of 28%, 33%, and 41% were investigated via molecular dynamics simulations, and the interaction mechanisms of four composites: RD/N28, CNT/RD/N28, CNT/RD/N33, and CNT/RD/N41, were investigated at the atomic level. A three‐layer model (Fe–Composites–Fe) was developed to simulate the wear process of the composites. CNT/RD/N41 exhibited better thermal‐oxidative aging and tribological properties than those exhibited by CNT/RD/N28 and CNT/RD/N33. This was attributed to an increase in the polar–polar interactions of the nitrile (CN) groups with an increasing ACN content. During friction, a larger frictional force existed between the CNT/RD/N41 molecules, which effectively maintained the stability of the matrix. This study provides a scientific reference for the preparation of high‐performance NBR at the microscopic scale, which may extend the service life of screw pumps.
Metallophtalocyanine Used Interface Engineering for Improving Long‐Term Stability of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite
Authors: Ogawa Chihiro , Suzuki Atsushi , Oku Takeo , Fukunishi Sakiko , Tachikawa Tomoharu , Hasegawa Tomoya
Published: March 2023

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells using metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) with decaphenylcyclopentasilane (DPPS) are fabricated and characterized. The effect of addition of MPcs on the photovoltaic properties is investigated by changing the central element of the MPc and depositing MPc and DPPS successively on the perovskite layer. When silicon phthalocyanine is used to the cell, the microstructure of the perovskite film improves, which results in improvement of the open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and photoconversion efficiency. For cells with only MPcs as the hole‐transport layer, the conversion efficiency increases by passivation with the phthalocyanine and crystal growth at room temperature.
Organisational justice, job performance and work engagement: The mediating role of perceived supervisory support
Authors: Ahamed Ameer Asra , Patrick Harold Andrew , Kareem Jacqueline , Mukherjee Ujjal , Nepoleon Munuswamy Prabakaran
Published: March 2023

The study establishes a relationship between organisational justice, work engagement, job performance, perceived supervisory support and their sub‐dimensions. The major research objectives of the study were to check if perceived supervisory support does mediate between organisational justice, work engagement and job performance of faculty in higher educational institutions. A research model was framed and tested to determine the direct and indirect effect of justice of faculty members on work engagement and job performance in the presence of supervisory support in higher education sector. The present study is based on 912 faculty members of higher educational institutions. Five valid, reliable and standard questionnaires were adopted to collect primary data from the higher educational institutions' faculty members in south India. From the study, it is proved that perceived supervisory support partially mediates organisational justice, work engagement and job performance.
Using leisure crafting to reduce emotional exhaustion at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic through better sleep and not thinking about the pandemic
Authors: Chen I‐Shuo
Published: March 2023

Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we aimed to investigate whether leisure crafting reduces emotional exhaustion by improving sleep quality and strengthening psychological detachment from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We posited that sleep quality and psychological detachment from the COVID‐19 pandemic mediate the negative relationship between leisure crafting and emotional exhaustion. We carried out a two‐wave longitudinal study among a group of individuals (N = 216) from Wuhan, China. We measured leisure crafting, sleep quality, and psychological detachment from the COVID‐19 pandemic at Time 1 and emotional exhaustion two months later at Time 2. We discovered that leisure crafting reduced emotional exhaustion at home by improving sleep quality and increasing psychological detachment from the COVID‐19 pandemic. At the end of this article, we discuss theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and directions for future research.
Engineering an asymmetric rhodamine dye suitable for developing ratiometric fluorescent probe
Authors: Yang Feiyu , Lu Peng , Ren Tian‐Bing , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin
Published: March 2023

Fluorescent probes based on rhodamine skeleton are extensively used in biological imaging. However, the construction of ratiometric fluorescent probes based on the rhodamine skeleton without introducing additional fluorophores is still challenging. Herein, we propose an effective method to construct a rhodamine‐based ratiometric fluorescent probe through the regulation of electron cloud density. A ratiometric fluorescent probe RDQF‐RB‐NTR was successfully constructed for the detection of nitroreductase (NTR). RDQF‐RB‐NTR exhibits good sensitivity, high selectivity, and ratiometric response to NTR. Cell imaging experiments showed that RDQF‐RB‐NTR can rapidly and accurately detect the fluctuation of NTR in cells and difference of NTR levels between normal cells and cancer cells. In addition, RDQF‐RB‐NTR was successfully applied to the imaging of NTR in liver tissue slices, and we found that the level of NTR was upregulated in liver cirrhosis.
On subsumption relationships in data flow testing
Authors: Chaim Marcos Lordello , Baral Kesina , Offutt Jeff , Neto Mario Concilio , Araujo Roberto Paulo Andrioli de
Published: March 2023

Data flow testing creates test requirements as definition‐use (DU) associations, where adefinitionis a program location that assigns a value to a variable and auseis a location where that value is accessed. Data flow testing is expensive, largely because of the number of test requirements. Luckily, many DU‐associations are redundant in the sense that if one test requirement (e.g. node, edge and DU‐association) is covered, other DU‐associations are guaranteed to also be covered. This relationship is calledsubsumption. Thus, testers can save resources by only covering DU‐associations that are not subsumed by other testing requirements. Although this has the potential to significantly decrease the cost of data flow testing, there are roadblocks to its application. Finding data flow subsumptions correctly and efficiently has been an elusive goal; the savings provided by data flow subsumptions and the cost to find them need to be assessed; and the fault detection ability of a reduced set of DU‐associations and the advantages of data flow testing over node and edge coverage need to be verified. This paper presents novel solutions to these problems. We present algorithms that correctly find data flow subsumptions and are asymptotically less costly than previous algorithms. We present empirical data that show that data flow subsumption is effective at reducing the number of DU‐associations to be tested and can be found at scale. Furthermore, we found that using reduced DU‐associations decreased the fault detection ability by less than 2%, and data flow testing adds testing value beyond node and edge coverage.
Toxicity interactions of azole fungicide mixtures on Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Huang Feng‐Ling , Liu Min , Qin Li‐Tang , Mo Ling‐Yun , Liang Yan‐Peng , Zeng Hong‐Hu , Deng Zhen‐Gui
Published: March 2023

It is acknowledged that azole fungicides may release into the environment and pose potential toxic risks. The combined toxicity interactions of azole fungicide mixtures, however, are still not fully understood. The combined toxicities and its toxic interactions of 225 binary mixtures and 126 multi‐component mixtures on Chlorella pyrenoidosa were performed in this study. The results demonstrated that the negative logarithm 50% effect concentration (pEC50) of 10 azole fungicides to Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 96 h ranged from 4.23 (triadimefon) to 7.22 (ketoconazole), while the pEC50 values of the 351 mixtures ranged from 3.91 to 7.44. The high toxicities were found for the mixtures containing epoxiconazole. According to the results of the model deviation ratio (MDR) calculated from the concentration addition (MDRCA), 243 out of 351 (69.23%) mixtures presented additive effect at the 10% effect, while the 23.08% and 7.69% of mixtures presented synergistic and antagonistic effects, respectively. At the 30% effect, 47.29%, 29.34%, and 23.36% of mixtures presented additive effects, synergism, and antagonism, respectively. At the 50% effect, 44.16%, 34.76%, and 21.08% of mixtures presented additive effects, synergism, and antagonism, respectively. Thus, the toxicity interactions at low concentration (10% effect) were dominated by additive effect (69.23%), whereas 55.84% of mixtures induced synergism and antagonism at high concentration (50% effect). Climbazole and imazalil were the most frequency of components presented in the additive mixtures. Epoxiconazole was the key component induced the synergistic effects, while clotrimazole was the key component in the antagonistic mixtures.
Sports analytics review: Artificial intelligence applications, emerging technologies, and algorithmic perspective
Authors: Ghosh Indrajeet , Ramasamy Ramamurthy Sreenivasan , Chakma Avijoy , Roy Nirmalya
Published: March 2023

The rapid and impromptu interest in the coupling of machine learning (ML) algorithms with wearable and contactless sensors aimed at tackling real‐world problems warrants a pedagogical study to understand all the aspects of this research direction. Considering this aspect, this survey aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature on ML algorithms, methodologies, and hypotheses adopted to solve the research problems and challenges in the domain of sports. First, we categorize this study into three main research fields: sensors, computer vision, and wireless and mobile‐based applications. Then, for each of these fields, we thoroughly analyze the systems that are deployable for real‐time sports analytics. Next, we meticulously discuss the learning algorithms (e.g., statistical learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning) that power those deployable systems while also comparing and contrasting the benefits of those learning methodologies. Finally, we highlight the possible future open‐research opportunities and emerging technologies that could contribute to the domain of sports analytics.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence

Technologies > Internet of Things
Okay, you “Get it…” whiteness, masculinity, and the development of critical consciousness in leadership development
Authors: McLaughin Conor P. , Colquitt Keenan
Published: March 2023

This article will situate the development of critical consciousness within practices of leadership and as a conduit for building a commitment to justice. Authors will focus on how this can be developed in those who are situated in privileged positions in systems of power.
Interrogating the self en route to critical consciousness: Cultivating higher education leaders through a positionality‐centered, doctoral‐level course
Authors: Puente Mayra , Rogers Kirk D. , Crawford James , Matschiner Andrew
Published: March 2023

This article showcases the lessons we learned from developing and facilitating a doctoral‐level course on the topic and praxis of positionality in the field of education studies. We contend that positionality is integral to critical consciousness building and leadership development among doctoral students and other higher education leaders.
Quantum Phase Field
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham
Published: March 2023

In this chapter a new paradigm for the understanding of the physical world is developed based on phase-field type non-linear wave solutions. Two 1-dimensional wave fronts, right- and left-moving are combined to define the doubloon, the basic element of mass and space. The interface energy of a standard phase field defines the mass of elementary particles. The non-zero values of the phase field, the core of the doubloon, defines space in an introverted view. The sum constraint of the multi-phase-field model defines a doubloon network which is closed in itself. The model can be applied to investigate scale formation in the universe.
Near-extremal charged black holes: greybody factors and evolution
Authors: Bai Yang , Korwar Mrunal
Published: March 2023

Abstract

As a charged black hole reaches its extremal state via Hawking radiation, quantum effects become important for its thermodynamic properties when its temperature is below a mass gap scale. Using AdS2/CFT1 correspondence and solutions for the corresponding Schwarzian action, we calculate the black hole greybody factors including the quantum effects. In the low temperature limit, the greybody factors scale as T2s+3/2 with s the radiated field spin. Hence, the Hawking radiation of a near-extremal charged black hole (NEBH) is dominated by emitting scalar particles including the Higgs boson. Time evolution of an NEBH is also calculated and shows a stochastic feature. For an NEBH lighter than around 108 times the Planck mass, its temperature at the current universe is below the mass gap scale and is universally tens of GeV, which is important if one searches for primordial (hidden) charged black holes.
Poisson brackets for some Coulomb branches
Authors: Gledhill Kirsty , Hanany Amihay
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We construct Poisson bracket relations between the operators which generate the chiral ring of the Coulomb branch of certain 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver gauge theories. In the case where the Coulomb branch is a free space, ADE Klein singularity, or the minimal A2 nilpotent orbit, we explicitly compute the Poisson brackets between the generators using either inherited properties of the abstract Coulomb branch variety, or the expected charges of these operators under the global symmetry (known through use of the monopole formula). We also conjecture Poisson brackets for Higgs branches that originate from 6d theories with tensionless strings or 5d theories with massless instantons for which the HWG is known, based on representation theoretic and operator content constraints known from the study of their magnetic quiver.
Loop-by-loop differential equations for dual (elliptic) Feynman integrals
Authors: Giroux Mathieu , Pokraka Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We present a loop-by-loop method for computing the differential equations of Feynman integrals using the recently developed dual form formalism. We give explicit prescriptions for the loop-by-loop fibration of multi-loop dual forms. Then, we test our formalism on a simple, but non-trivial, example: the two-loop three-mass elliptic sunrise family of integrals. We obtain an ε-form differential equation within the correct function space in a sequence of relatively simple algebraic steps. In particular, none of these steps relies on the analysis of q-series. Then, we discuss interesting properties satisfied by our dual basis as well as its simple relation to the known ε-form basis of Feynman integrands. The underlying K3-geometry of the three-loop four-mass sunrise integral is also discussed. Finally, we speculate on how to construct a “good” loop-by-loop basis at three-loop.
Light-cone limits of large rectangular fishnets
Authors: Kostov I.
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Basso-Dixon integrals evaluate rectangular fishnets — Feynman graphs with massless scalar propagators which form a m × n rectangular grid — which arise in certain one-trace four-point correlators in the ‘fishnet’ limit of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Recently, Basso et al. explored the thermodynamical limit m → ∞ with fixed aspect ratio n/m of a rectangular fishnet and showed that in general the dependence on the coordinates of the four operators is erased, but it reappears in a scaling limit with two of the operators getting close in a controlled way. In this note I investigate the most general double scaling limit which describes the thermodynamics when one of two pairs of operators become nearly light-like. In this double scaling limit, the rectangular fishnet depends on both coordinate cross ratios. I show that all singular limits of the fishnet can be attained within the double scaling limit, including the null limit with the four points approaching the cusps of a null square. A direct evaluation of the fishnet in the null limit is presented any m and n.
Erfahrungen mit Gefährdungssituationen in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie bei Patienten mit extremistischer Einstellung
Authors: Rau Thea , Mayer Sophia , Heimgartner Anna , Allroggen Marc
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Gefährdungssituationen im Zusammenhang mit der Krankenbehandlung von Personen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung spielen insbesondere in den letzten Jahren vermehrt eine Rolle. Eine Befragung von Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen soll Aufschluss über konkrete Gefährdungslagen bei diesen Patient:innen geben.

Material und Methoden

Mittels einer anonymen Online-Befragung, welche 16 Haupt- und bis zu 95 weitere Fragen umfasste, wurden insgesamt 364 Angehörige von Heilberufen zur allgemeinen Situation und zu Patient:innen sowie Angehörigen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung befragt.

Ergebnisse

17,5 % der Teilnehmenden sind Ärzt:innen, 72,1 % nichtärztliche Psychotherapeut:innen bzw. in Ausbildung (47,7 % arbeiten ausschließlich in einer Klinik, 34,2 % in einer niedergelassenen Praxis). Insgesamt haben 57,7 % der Teilnehmenden schon einmal Patient:innen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung behandelt (46,7 % behandelten Angehörige). 27,6 % wurden im Rahmen der Krankenbehandlung mit Selbstgefährdungssituationen konfrontiert (30,1 % bei Angehörigen), 49,5 % mit Situationen der Fremdgefährdung (18,3 % bei Angehörigen), bei denen sie sich häufig im Umgang damit nicht sicher gefühlt haben. 20,3 % der Fachkräfte informierten die Sicherheitsbehörden, nicht ganz die Hälfte empfand diesen Kontakt als eher nicht/gar nicht hilfreich (45,5 % bei Angehörigen). Kontakt zu anderen Stellen, zum Beispiel auch zu spezialisierten Fachberatungsstellen für Deradikalisierung, hatte die Mehrheit nicht. Ärzt:innen erlebten Gefährdungssituationen häufiger als nichtärztliche Psychotherapeut:innen. Ein Vergleich zwischen Fachkräften aus der Klinik und niedergelassenen Praxis zeigt keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede.

Diskussion

Die Studie konnte zeigen, dass Extremismus und damit einhergehend Gefährdungslagen ein wichtiges Thema in der Krankenbehandlung sind und Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen darauf gut vorbereitet sein sollten. Für die Zukunft wäre eine Vernetzung mit Stellen der Extremismusprävention wichtig und eine gute Kooperation mit den Sicherheitsbehörden wünschenswert.
Computer-aided facial analysis as a tool to identify patients with Silver–Russell syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Ciancia Silvia , Goedegebuure Wesley J. , Grootjen Lionne N. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S. , Kerkhof Gerthe F. , van der Kaay Daniëlle C. M.
Published: March 2023

Genetic syndromes often show facial features that provide clues for the diagnosis. However, memorizing these features is a challenging task for clinicians. In the last years, the app Face2Gene proved to be a helpful support for the diagnosis of genetic diseases by analyzing features detected in one or more facial images of affected individuals. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the app in patients with Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). We enrolled 23 pediatric patients with clinically or genetically diagnosed SRS and 29 pediatric patients with genetically confirmed PWS. One frontal photo of each patient was acquired. Top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities were analyzed. Correlation with the specific genetic diagnosis was investigated. When available, photos of the same patient at different ages were compared. In the SRS group, Face2Gene showed top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities of 39%, 65%, and 91%, respectively. In 41% of patients with genetically confirmed SRS, SRS was the first syndrome suggested, while in clinically diagnosed patients, SRS was suggested as top 1 in 33% of cases (p = 0.74). Face2Gene performed better in younger patients with SRS: in all patients in whom a photo taken at a younger age than the age of enrollment was available, SRS was suggested as top 1, albeit with variable degree of probability. In the PWS group, the top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities were 76%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. PWS was suggested as top 1 in 83% of patients genetically diagnosed with paternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-13 and in 60% of patients presenting with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (p = 0.17). The performance was uniform throughout the investigated age range (1–15 years).

Conclusion: In addition to a thorough medical history and detailed clinical examination, the Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to support clinicians in identifying children with a potential diagnosis of SRS or PWS.

What is Known:• Several genetic syndromes present typical facial features that may provide clues for the diagnosis.• Memorizing all syndromic facial characteristics is a challenging task for clinicians.

What is New:• Face2Gene may represent a useful support for pediatricians for the diagnosis of genetic syndromes.• Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to integrate in the diagnostic path of patients with SRS and PWS.
Brain metastases from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies
Authors: Bergen Elisabeth S. , Friedrich Alexander , Scherleitner Peter , Ferreira Pedro , Kiesel Barbara , Widhalm Georg , Kiesewetter Barbara , Eckert Franziska , Prager Gerald W. , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S.
Published: March 2023

While colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer represent the two gastrointestinal (GI) tumor entities with the highest incidence of brain metastatic (BM) disease, data on the clinical course of BM patients from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies are rare. Patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN). Treated for BM between 1991 and 2017 at an academic care center were included. Brain metastases-free survival (BMFS) was defined as interval from first diagnosis until BM development. Overall survival (OS) was defined as interval from diagnosis of BM until death or last date of follow-up. Outcome was correlated with clinical and treatment factors. 29 patients from overall 6102 patients (0.6%) included in the Vienna Brain Metastasis Registry presented with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary primaries including 9 (31.0%) with CCA, 10 (34.5%) with HCC, 7 (24.1%) with PDAC and 3 (10.3%) with GEP NEN as primary tumor. Median BMFS was 21, 12, 14 and 7 months and median OS 4, 4, 6 and 4 months, respectively. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) below 80% (p = 0.08), age above 60 years (p = 0.10) and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) (p = 0.09) diagnosed concomitant to solid BM showed an inverse association with median OS (Cox proportional hazards model). In this cohort of patients with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary tumor entities, prognosis was shown to be very limited. Performance status, age and diagnosis of LC were identified as negative prognostic factors.
Zinc Zeolite as a Carrier for Tumor Targeted and pH-responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Jakubowski Marcel , Ratajczak Maria , Pokora Monika , Voelkel Adam
Published: March 2023

In this work, for the first time, a material was prepared that releases the drug in a controlled manner under the influence of the pH of cancer environment. The material is zinc zeolite, which only releases the drug at an acidic pH. The release of the drug in an acidic environment indicates a very high potential of the synthesized material in the treatment of cancer. This material does not release the drug at pH 7.4 even for more than 100 h which proves that healthy organs will not be affected. The advantage of this material over those previously described in the literature is that it releases the drug very quickly under the influence of the cancerous environment (88% of the drug during approx 2 h), as well as the fact that it does not release the drug in a different environment. Materials with both features have not been previously described, there are only works on materials having one of these features. Moreover, this material releases zinc ions which additionally act on cancer cells by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells by increasing the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species.
TRandAugment: temporal random augmentation strategy for surgical activity recognition from videos
Authors: Ramesh Sanat , Dall’Alba Diego , Gonzalez Cristians , Yu Tong , Mascagni Pietro , Mutter Didier , Marescaux Jacques , Fiorini Paolo , Padoy Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Automatic recognition of surgical activities from intraoperative surgical videos is crucial for developing intelligent support systems for computer-assisted interventions. Current state-of-the-art recognition methods are based on deep learning where data augmentation has shown the potential to improve the generalization of these methods. This has spurred work on automated and simplified augmentation strategies for image classification and object detection on datasets of still images. Extending such augmentation methods to videos is not straightforward, as the temporal dimension needs to be considered. Furthermore, surgical videos pose additional challenges as they are composed of multiple, interconnected, and long-duration activities.

Methods

This work proposes a new simplified augmentation method, called TRandAugment, specifically designed for long surgical videos, that treats each video as an assemble of temporal segments and applies consistent but random transformations to each segment. The proposed augmentation method is used to train an end-to-end spatiotemporal model consisting of a CNN (ResNet50) followed by a TCN.

Results

The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on two surgical video datasets, namely Bypass40 and CATARACTS, and two tasks, surgical phase and step recognition. TRandAugment adds a performance boost of 1–6% over previous state-of-the-art methods, that uses manually designed augmentations.

Conclusion

This work presents a simplified and automated augmentation method for long surgical videos. The proposed method has been validated on different datasets and tasks indicating the importance of devising temporal augmentation methods for long surgical videos.
Measuring and monitoring patient safety in hospitals in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Kaud Yazeed , McKeon Darragh , Lydon Sinéad , O’Connor Paul
Published: March 2023

Background

Measuring and monitoring safety (MMS) is critical to the success of safety improvement efforts in healthcare. However, a major challenge to improving safety is the lack of high quality information to support performance evaluation.

Aims

The aim of this study was to use Vincent et al.’s MMS framework to evaluate the methods used to MMS in Irish hospitals and make recommendations for improvement.

Methods

The first phase of this qualitative study used document analysis to review national guidance on MMS in Ireland. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders on their understanding of MMS. The MMS framework was used to classify the methods identified.

Results

Six documents were included for analysis, and 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders working in the Irish healthcare system. A total of 162 methods of MMS were identified, with one method of MMS addressing two dimensions. Of these MMS methods, 30 (18.4%) were concerned with past harm, 40 (24.5%) were concerned with the reliability of safety critical processes, 16 (9.8%) were concerned with sensitivity to operations, 28 (17.2%) were concerned with anticipation and preparedness, and 49 (30%) were concerned with integration and learning.

Conclusions

There are a wide range of methods of MMS in Irish hospitals. It is suggested that there is a need to identify those methods of MMS that are particularly useful in reducing harm and supporting action and improvement and do not place a large burden on healthcare staff to either use or interpret.