bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method
Authors: Sahlan Muhamad , Karwita Seffiani , Gozan Misri , Hermansyah Heri , Yohda Masafumi , Yoo Young Je , Pratami Diah Kartika
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: The authentication of honey is important to protect industry and consumers from such adulterated honey. However, until now, there has been no guarantee of honey's authenticity, especially in Indonesia. The classification of honey is based on the bee species (spp.) that produces it. The study used honey from sting bee Apis spp. and stingless bee Tetragonula spp. based on the fact that the content off honey produced between them has differences. Authenticating honey with currently available rapid detection methods, such as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, is costly. This study aimed to develop an inexpensive, fast, precise, and accurate classification method for authenticating honey.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we use attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with wavelengths ranging between 550 and 4000 cm-1 as an alternative analysis method, which is relatively less expensive. The spectra of authentic and fake honey samples were obtained using ATR-FTIR and plotted using chemometric discriminant analysis. The authentic honey samples were acquired from a local Indonesian breeder of honey bees, while the fake honey samples were made from a mixture of water, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and authentic honey. Data were collected using Thermo Scientific's OMNIC FTIR software and processed using Thermo Scientific's TQ Analyst software.

Results: Our method effectively classified the honey as authentic or fraudulent based on the FTIR spectra. To authenticate the honey, we formed two classes: Real honey and fake honey. The wavelengths that can best differentiate between these two classes correspond to four regions: 1600-1700 cm-1; 1175-1540 cm-1; 940-1175 cm-1; and 700-940 cm-1. Similarly, for classification purpose, we formed two classes: Apis spp. and Tetragonula spp. The wavelength region that can best classify the samples as belonging to the Apis spp. or Tetragonula spp. class is explicitly within the range of 1600-1700 cm-1.

Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated a method to rapidly and accurately classify and authenticate honey. ATR-FTIR is a useful tool to test the authenticity of honey.

Keywords: Apis spp., attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, discriminant, spectrum, Tetragonula spp.
The new views on the state of the gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Pokrovskaya Elena V. , Shamkhalova Minara S. , Shestakova Marina V.
Published: August 2019

Obesity is a worldwide problem of the last century, the prevalence of which has reached pandemic proportions in developed countries. Over the past few years, a considerable amount of data has been gathered, reporting a direct link between changes in gut microbiota and the development of obesity, as well as related diseases, primarily, diabetes mellitus type 2. The elaboration of optimal methods of prevention and treatment regimens of these diseases needs to structure the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of development of metabolic disorders, the role of intestinal microbiota in the latter and possible therapeutic targets. This review examines the role of microorganisms in the human body, with the main focus on the developmental origins of metabolic disorders using animal models and accumulated experience of research on their effects on the human body, and also discusses possible treatment options, including bariatric surgery, fecal microbiota transplantation, the use of pre- and probiotics and certain particular groups of glucose-lowering drugs.
Resolution on the results of the first working meeting of the scientific advisory board «Actual problems of glycemic variability as a new criterion of glycemic control and safety of diabetes therapy»
Authors: Antsiferov Mikhail B. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Zilov Alexey V. , Mayorov Alexander Y. , Markova Tatyana N. , Demidov Nikolay A. , Koteshkova Olga M. , Laptev Dmitry N. , Vitebskaya Alisa V.
Published: August 2019

The Scientific Advisory Board, chaired by Professor G. R. Galstyan (cochair - A.V. Zilov), met in Moscow on 19 June 2018 to discuss the possibilities of improving the results of diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment by considering glycaemic variability (GV) as an additional criterion for effective glycaemic control (especially in patients receiving insulin therapy) and as one of the goals of treatment in patients with unstable glycaemia.
The purpose of the working meeting was to develop a strategy for the introduction of GV as a predictor and as an additional criterion for assessing the effectiveness and safety of hypoglycaemic therapy to improve the pharmacotherapy of diabetes and reduce cardiovascular and total mortality.
The aims of the working meeting were to conduct a comprehensive data analysis of the relationship between GV and hypoglycaemia; to gather and analyse published data and the experience of decrease in GV and improved outcomes of diabetes against the background of different types of insulin therapy; to compare existing methods of glycaemia monitoring and GV assessment and examine their validity and availability in real practice in the context of limited budget and to analyse the informativeness and clinical and prognostic significance of various parameters of GV assessment and to determine their reasonable minimum for a comprehensive assessment of GV as a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of DM treatment and the predictors of negative diabetes outcomes.
The following reports were presented during the discussion: Glycemic variability: clinical and prognostic value. Types of glycemic variability (Candidate of Medical Sciences, assistant Professor Zilov A.V.); Methods of assessment of variability of glycemia in clinical trials and routine practice (PhD, Professor Markova T. N.); Current international and national recommendations on glycemic monitoring (PhD, Professor Galstyan G. R.) and Peculiarities of glycemic variability and its evaluation among children and adolescents (Candidate of Medical Sciences Vitebskaya A.V.).
Brasil no Chile: ilustraciones, postales y fotografías de Brasil en museos chilenos (principios de siglo XX)
Authors: Cinelli Noemi , Marrero Alberto Antonio
Published: August 2019

En el presente escrito presentamos un primer acercamiento a la recopilación de documentación iconográfica sobre Brasil en chile. En particular, nos referiremos a las tarjetas postales, fotografías e ilustraciones fechables en el siglo XX, que hoy en día guardan varias instituciones patrimoniales chilenas. En particular, nos fijaremos en el material conservado en Santiago y Vicuña. El objetivo es dar comienzo a una investigación sistemática sobre los intercambios de imágenes entre los dos países mencionados, para reconstruir las relaciones artísticas que les unieron a los albores del Novecientos.

Palabras-clave: postales; envíos; Brasil en chile.
Homogenisation with error estimates of attractors for damped semi-linear anisotropic wave equations
Authors: Cooper Shane , Savostianov Anton
Published: August 2019

Homogenisation of global 𝓐ε and exponential 𝓜ε attractors for the damped semi-linear anisotropic wave equation
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\partial_t ^2u^\varepsilon + y \partial_t u^\varepsilon-\operatorname{div} \left(a\left( \tfrac{x}{\varepsilon} \right)\nabla u^\varepsilon \right)+f(u^\varepsilon)=g,
\end{array}$ on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ3, is performed. Order-sharp estimates between trajectories uε(t) and their homogenised trajectories u0(t) are established. These estimates are given in terms of the operator-norm difference between resolvents of the elliptic operator
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{div}\left(a\left( \tfrac{x}{\varepsilon} \right)\nabla \right)
\end{array}$ and its homogenised limit div (ah∇). Consequently, norm-resolvent estimates on the Hausdorff distance between the anisotropic attractors and their homogenised counter-parts 𝓐0 and 𝓜0 are established. These results imply error estimates of the form distX(𝓐ε, 𝓐0) ≤ Cεϰ and
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{dist}^s_X(\mathcal M^\varepsilon, \mathcal M^0) \le C \varepsilon^\varkappa
\end{array}$ in the spaces X = L2(Ω) × H–1(Ω) and X = (Cβ(Ω))2. In the natural energy space 𝓔 :=
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H^1_0
\end{array}$(Ω) × L2(Ω), error estimates dist𝓔(𝓐ε, Tε 𝓐0) ≤
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
C \sqrt{\varepsilon}^\varkappa
\end{array}$ and
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{dist}^s_\mathcal{E}(\mathcal M^\varepsilon, \text{T}_\varepsilon \mathcal M^0) \le C \sqrt{\varepsilon}^\varkappa
\end{array}$ are established where Tε is first-order correction for the homogenised attractors suggested by asymptotic expansions. Our results are applied to Dirchlet, Neumann and periodic boundary conditions.
词义联想与汉语二语量词习得
Authors: 王 小潞 , 任 婉
Published: August 2019

提要

量词是汉语重要词类之一，但汉语二语者的量词使用偏误却很难消除。为促进汉语二语量词习得，本文通过研究汉语量词的习得和运用规律，归纳了汉语量词的四种词义联想方式：原型联想、形象联想、隐喻联想和转喻联想；对浙江大学 40 位汉语二语中高级学习者的汉语量词习得情况进行的问卷调查，验证了词义联想在汉语二语量词习得过程中的重要作用。鉴于此，我们有理由相信：面对丰富而复杂的汉语量词体系，通过词义联想构建一个具有激活扩散特性的量词语义联想网络是寻找量词的记忆规律、促进量词习得的有效途径。
Crystal structure of 3-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)ureido)benzoic acid, C13H11N3O3
Authors: Zhang Qi-Long , Xie Hai-Fang , Yu Qing , Yang Xiao-Sheng
Published: August 2019

C13H11N3O3, Orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 9.2062(6) Å, b = 11.5258(7) Å, c = 11.5263(7) Å, V = 1223.04(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0377, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1006, T = 293(2) K.
The Acoustics ofContiones, or How Many Romans Could Have Heard Speakers
Authors: Kopij Kamil , Pilch Adam
Published: August 2019

Contiones– assemblies during which important Roman politicians discussed the laws proposed at the People’s Assemblies as well as candidates for the offices and presented their opinions to the Roman people – are considered by some scholars as one of the central institutions and rituals of the Roman Republic. Considering the rolecontionesplayed in the political life of the Roman Republic, we can ask how many Romans participated in them. In our paper we present results of acoustic analyses of two places at the Forum Romanum that we know were platforms for speakers atcontiones: theRostraand the podium of the Temple of Castores. The main goal of our study was to establish the maximum number of participants that could have heard speeches inteligibly. To do that we used a 3D model of Forum Romanum considering not only the geometry but also the acoustic parameters of materials used to construct therostraand adjacent constructions. Based on the sound power level of a speaker and possible noise sources, on which the recipients were exposed to, we established areas where speeches could have been heard and understood. This in turn allowed us to estimate the maximum number of recipients.
Genomic Data Reveal Conserved Female Heterogamety in Giant Salamanders with Gigantic Nuclear Genomes
Authors: Hime Paul M , Briggler Jeffrey T , Reece Joshua S , Weisrock David W
Published: August 2019

Systems of genetic sex determination and the homology of sex chromosomes in different taxa vary greatly across vertebrates. Much progress remains to be made in understanding systems of genetic sex determination in non-model organisms, especially those with homomorphic sex chromosomes and/or large genomes. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to investigate genetic sex determination systems in the salamander family Cryptobranchidae (genera Cryptobranchus and Andrias), which typifies both of these inherent difficulties. We tested hypotheses of male- or female-heterogamety by sequencing hundreds of thousands of anonymous genomic regions in a panel of known-sex cryptobranchids and characterized patterns of presence/absence, inferred zygosity, and depth of coverage to identify sex-linked regions of these 56 gigabase genomes. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that all cryptobranchid species possess homologous systems of female heterogamety, despite maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes over nearly 60 million years. Additionally, we report a robust, non-invasive genetic assay for sex diagnosis in Cryptobranchus and Andrias which may have great utility for conservation efforts with these endangered salamanders. Co-amplification of these W-linked markers in both cryptobranchid genera provides evidence for long-term sex chromosome stasis in one of the most divergent salamander lineages. These findings inform hypotheses about the ancestral mode of sex determination in salamanders, but suggest that comparative data from other salamander families are needed. Our results further demonstrate that massive genomes are not necessarily a barrier to effective genome-wide sequencing and that the resulting data can be highly informative about sex determination systems in taxa with homomorphic sex chromosomes.
Characteristics of the response of the microalga (Dunaliella viridis) to cerium compounds in culture
Authors: Klimova E. M. , Bozhkov A. I. , Bychenko E. A. , Lavinskaya E. V. , Zholobak N. M. , Korobov A. M.
Published: August 2019

Recently, nanobiotechnology has been developing intensively; therefore, various properties of nanoparticles, which depend on their origin, concentration, and size, are of interest. It is known that CeO2 nanoparticles cause a positive biological effect. These particles are able to penetrate through biomembranes. At the same time, there are assumptions about a high degree of biological risks when using nanomaterials, and it is obvious that the biosafety of nanomaterials is decisive in the development of new products, including for medicine. The cytotoxicity of samples of cerium salts and cerium dioxide nanoparticles of different sizes was assessed at different concentrations using D. viridis. The cytotoxicity level by morphological and functional disorders of D. viridis was investigated, as determined by the change in cell shape, accumulation of inclusions, loss of flagellum, change in nature and movement, the formation of micro- and macroaggregates by D. viridis cells and exometabolite release. The cytotoxicity coefficient was calculated as a quotient of total detected changes divided by their number. It was shown that cerium salts (cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate and cerium (III) chloride) had pronounced cytotoxicity, which exceeded cytotoxicity values of the control by 7 and 6 times, respectively. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles with a size of 6 nm at a concentration of 0.01 M showed intermediate cytotoxicity, which exceeded control values by 3.5 times, and after the effect of nanoparticles with a size of 2 nm at a concentration of 0.1 M, the cytotoxicity coefficient corresponded to control values. The addition of inactivated blood serum to the incubation mixture resulted in a decreased cytotoxic effect of cerium dioxide. The use of D. viridis as a test system will supplement the arsenal of biotesting tools for nanomaterials and the study of the mechanisms of their effect.
Algunos rasgos culturales de cortesía del docente en el aula
Authors: Olivos Pérez María Eugenia , Voisin Stéphanie Marie Brigitte , Pazos Romero Carlos Alfredo
Published: August 2019

El manejo del discurso didáctico es uno de los aspectos fundamentales en la formación de futuros profesores de francés. Su realización conlleva, no sólo el saber erudito necesario para legitimar la enseñanza, sino aspectos fundamentales como la construcción de relaciones interpersonales armónicas para el aprendizaje de la lengua y, en consecuencia, su motivación.Siendo el manejo del discurso didáctico, un eje fundamental en el ejercicio docente, nos hemos interesado en conocer algunos de los aspectos que resultan más contrastantes, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes mexicanos, del quehacer docente correspondiente a nacionalidades diferentes, en cuanto al manejo específico de la cortesía dentro del aula.Por el análisis de transcripciones de cursos de profesores de diferente nacionalidad (mexicanos y franceses), a través de la mirada de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en la Enseñanza del Francés de la Universidad Autónoma de Puebla y fundamentos de pragmática lingüística, podemos observar de qué manera el ejercicio de esta práctica difiere dependiendo del origen lingüístico del locutor e intuir los diferentes efectos en el proceso de aprendizaje.
The Emotional Element as a Key Factor for Social Media Sensational Story
Authors: Dermendjieva Greta , Slavova Rositsa
Published: August 2019

The study looks at what the term viral means in the context of online media, what makes any content to go viral, and some key principals of viral campaigns.The main focus is on features and content from YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram that has become viral during 2017.
We review, present and categorize a selection of worldwide viral stories and some that have become popular in the UK and Bulgaria. The 9 main categories we distinguish areMedia, Entertainment, Celebrity, Domestic, Empathy, Jokes, Everyday life, Cause, and Politics. The aim of the paper is to look into the viral phenomenon emerging from online platforms for sharing video, pictures, tweets, GIFs, Facebook posts, and to discuss the emotional element as well as the key categories of the most popular content.
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY. DOWN'S SYNDROME PROGRAM
Authors: Margova Tamara
Published: August 2019

Human society nowadays is becoming more and more engaged in the problems of mental or physical aberration, concerning some children and adolescents. It is now highly acknowledged that much can be done in the form of giving pedagogical support, encouragement, bending the needed steps into a practically useful and successful direction and aim. What is pursued are real results in the development of the child.
The great problem is HOW to act. Obviously it cannot be done either by school or by parents and families alone. But while the teachers and the supervisors have been more or less prepared to be good at dealing with such children, parents and in the first place mothers should be taught how to deal with their children in the right way, without panic, anger, despair, shouts, tears, punishment or any kind of insult which can turn out to be really injurious. Parents should realize that three points in the first place are vital.
First: They should study in details the specific needs and special features of their child;
Second: after giving those individual characteristics their full and mature consideration, start creating a step-by-step program for action. Such a program built on the basis of a long-term plan, can be changed, altered, enriched according to the result observed daily but its existence is exceptionally important;
Third: The light of love, approval, praise is a factor which can give the infant child the strength and ambition to go what he/she is expected to do. This youngster may never become a child-prodigy but he would be one of the people who can master their lives in mortal and proper way and can be accepted in society as one of us. Parents, families with children having intellectual difficulties need knowledge in special pedagogy. This is the purpose to present the program Little Steps directed and produced by Pieterse, Moira Monica, MacquarieUniversity, Special Education Centre1979-1984.
Down's syndrome program at Macquarie University prepares handicapped children from birth so that they can enter the main stream of education at the expected school entry age. At the infant and toddlers' stage they are taught language, gross motor, personal and social skills. At age 3 they are taught to attend to instruction, interact and respond to other children and adults, work independently, communicate effectively and conform to classroom situations.
The programme is used in USA, many counters in Europe and has received the approval of the Ministry of Education in Russia.
Why only pedagogical competence is not enough for the 21st century teacher?
Authors: Gyurova Viara
Published: August 2019

Author comments important issues about the competency of the 21st century teacher. The necessity of development of one modern global, complex and multilateral competency (or sum of competencies) is established through basic university education and different forms and opportunities for continuing education as a part of lifelong learning. The parameters of a modern pedagogical competency (instructive, methodological, technological, and related to the development of the meta skills for learning) are outlined. Different patterns of education, in the context of the new technology development, as well as sciences and approaches as the basis of their philosophy are commented: Education 1.0 (based on Pedagogy and pedagogical approach), Education 2.0 (based on Andragogy and andragogical approach), Education 3.0 (based on Heutagogy and paragogy, or peeragogy/ peertagogy and their approaches). They all explain 21st century education.
Preverbal Communication Skills in Children with Multiple Disorders
Authors: Georgieva Diyana
Published: August 2019

The models and organization of the human personality are created in the early development of the individual. Deploying communication as an active process is crucial to every human being. Children with multiple disorders are also no exception. Their communication is severely limited due to the intensity of existing physical, mental, emotional problems or combinations of them. Improving the communicative skills of these children is tied to the identification of fundamental abilities that precede verbal communication.
In the article special attention is focused on the consistency in the formation of the verbal abilities, their nature, significance and mechanisms of realization. The main emphasis is placed on the specifics of the development of the pre-lingual communication patterns in children with complex combinations of disorders in their overall functioning
A CONCEPT FOR INCLUSIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TRAINING PROGRAM FOR FUTURE PRE-SCHOOL AND PRIMARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Terzieva G.
Published: August 2019

The adoption of new normative documents in the field of education in Bulgaria determines the inclusion of children with special educational needs in general education schools. The significant and integral role which physical education plays in the educational process poses the question of the inclusion of children with impairments in motor activity training as well. Teachers implementing it contribute greatly to its positive effects.
The main features of physical education include active motor activity and the related physical workload. In order for them to be adapted successfully to the specific needs of children with different disabilities, more specialized training is required.
The analysis of the curricula of the faculties of education in Bulgaria shows that future pre-school and primary school teachers who will be responsible for the physical education of children in kindergartens and primary schools respectively do not receive appropriate training in adaptive physical education.
The aim of this article is to present a concept for introducing a training program on "Motor Activity Training and Inclusive Physical Education", intended for students of the specialty Preschool and Primary School Education at the Faculty of Education, Thrakia University, Bulgaria
Likelihood of healthy eating among adolescents based on the health belief model
Authors: Szabó K , Pikó B
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Maintaining appropriate eating habits is one of the key components of good health. It is especially difficult during adolescence, a critical period in life because of the increased autonomy and the intention to take risks. Investigating the theoretical background of adolescents’ eating behaviour is therefore a worthwhile line of research. We applied the widely used health belief model to explore adolescents’ likelihood of healthy eating.

Materials and methods

A sample of adolescents (Szeged, Hungary; N = 400, age = 14–19 years; mean age = 16.01 years, SD = 1.18 years; 37% males) participated in the study. Data were collected through online, self-administered/anonymous questionnaires. Based on bidirectional correlations of the variables, we used a path analysis to examine relationships between elements of a modified health belief model.

Results

Our modified model showed the direct impacts of cues to action, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, and the indirect impacts of perceived severity and susceptibility-via-cues-to-action on the likelihood of healthy eating.

Discussion and conclusions

Elements of the health belief model play a decisive role in estimating adolescents’ healthy eating behaviour. We suggest that the model can serve as a useful theoretical background in planning and evaluating prevention programs to reduce obesity and promote healthy eating.
Refining Abstraction Heuristics during Real-Time Planning
Authors: Eifler Rebecca , Fickert Maximilian , Hoffmann Jörg , Ruml Wheeler
Published: August 2019

In real-time planning, the planner must select the next action within a fixed time bound. Because a complete plan may not have been found, the selected action might not lead to a goal and the agent may need to return to its current state. To preserve completeness, real-time search methods incorporate learning, in which heuristic values are updated. Previous work in real-time search has used table-based heuristics, in which the values of states are updated individually. In this paper, we explore the use of abstraction-based heuristics. By refining the abstraction on-line, we can update the values of multiple states, including ones the agent has not yet generated. We test this idea empirically using Cartesian abstractions in the Fast Downward planner. Results on various benchmarks, including the sliding tile puzzle and several IPC domains, indicate that the approach can improve performance compared to traditional heuristic updating. This work brings abstraction refinement, a powerful technique from offline planning, into the real-time setting.
Performance Guarantees for Homomorphisms beyond Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Majeed Sultan Javed , Hutter Marcus
Published: August 2019

Most real-world problems have huge state and/or action spaces. Therefore, a naive application of existing tabular solution methods is not tractable on such problems. Nonetheless, these solution methods are quite useful if an agent has access to a relatively small state-action space homomorphism of the true environment and near-optimal performance is guaranteed by the map. A plethora of research is focused on the case when the homomorphism is a Markovian representation of the underlying process. However, we show that nearoptimal performance is sometimes guaranteed even if the homomorphism is non-Markovian.
On Lifted Inference Using Neural Embeddings
Authors: Islam Mohammad Maminur , Sarkhel Somdeb , Venugopal Deepak
Published: August 2019

We present a dense representation for Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) called Obj2Vec that encodes symmetries in the MLN structure. Identifying symmetries is a key challenge for lifted inference algorithms and we leverage advances in neural networks to learn symmetries which are hard to specify using hand-crafted features. Specifically, we learn an embedding for MLN objects that predicts the context of an object, i.e., objects that appear along with it in formulas of the MLN, since common contexts indicate symmetry in the distribution. Importantly, our formulation leverages well-known skip-gram models that allow us to learn the embedding efficiently. Finally, to reduce the size of the ground MLN, we sample objects based on their learned embeddings. We integrate Obj2Vec with several inference algorithms, and show the scalability and accuracy of our approach compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Semi-Parametric Sampling for Stochastic Bandits with Many Arms
Authors: Ou Mingdong , Li Nan , Yang Cheng , Zhu Shenghuo , Jin Rong
Published: August 2019

We consider the stochastic bandit problem with a large candidate arm set. In this setting, classic multi-armed bandit algorithms, which assume independence among arms and adopt non-parametric reward model, are inefficient, due to the large number of arms. By exploiting arm correlations based on a parametric reward model with arm features, contextual bandit algorithms are more efficient, but they can also suffer from large regret in practical applications, due to the reward estimation bias from mis-specified model assumption or incomplete features. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian framework, called Semi-Parametric Sampling (SPS), for this problem, which employs semi-parametric function as the reward model. Specifically, the parametric part of SPS, which models expected reward as a parametric function of arm feature, can efficiently eliminate poor arms from candidate set. The non-parametric part of SPS, which adopts nonparametric reward model, revises the parametric estimation to avoid estimation bias, especially on the remained candidate arms. We give an implementation of SPS, Linear SPS (LSPS), which utilizes linear function as the parametric part. In semi-parametric environment, theoretical analysis shows that LSPS achieves better regret bound (i.e. O̴(√N1−α dα √T) with α ∈ [0, 1])) than existing approaches. Also, experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
Outcomes in Patients Treated with Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Primary Brain Cancer and Brain Metastases
Authors: Swartz Leigh Klaus , Holste Katherine G. , Kim Michelle M. , Morikawa Aki , Heth Jason
Published: August 2019

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an emerging modality to treat benign and malignant brain lesions. LITT is a minimally invasive method to ablate tissue using laser-induced tissue heating and serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality for progressive brain lesions. We completed a single-center retrospective analysis of all patients with progressive brain lesions treated with LITT since its introduction at our center in August of 2015. Twelve patients have been treated for a total of 13 procedures, of which 10 patients had brain metastases and 2 patients had primary malignant gliomas. Biopsies were obtained immediately prior to laser-induced tissue heating in 10 procedures (76.9%), of which seven biopsies showed treatment-related changes without viable tumor. After laser ablation, two of three patients previously on steroids were successfully weaned on first attempt. The results of this analysis indicate that LITT is a well-tolerated procedure enabling some patients to discontinue steroids that may be effective for diagnosing and treating radiation necrosis and tumor progression.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Niraparib in Chinese Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zheng Hong , Gao Yunong , Lou Ge , Yin Rutie , Ji Dongmei , Li Wenhua , Wang Wei , Xia Bairong , Wang Danqing , Hou Jianmei , Yan James , Hei Yongjiang , Zhang Zhi-Yi , Milton Ashley , Wu Xiaohua
Published: August 2019

Lessons Learned

Pharmacokinetics characteristics of niraparib in Chinese patients were similar to those in white patients. Niraparib could be well tolerated by Chinese patients, and adverse events were manageable in this study. Population pharmacokinetics analysis indicated that baseline body weight had a modest impact on pharmacokinetics parameters of niraparib; however, it was not considered clinically important.

Background

This randomized, open-label, single-arm, phase I study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of niraparib in Chinese patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 100, 200, or 300 mg of niraparib once daily. PK parameters were analyzed after single and multiple dose administrations.

Results

Thirty-six Chinese patients were enrolled in total. Niraparib was rapidly absorbed after administration, and median time-to-peak (Tmax) was 3 hours. The long terminal elimination half-life (T1/2 ∼ 35 hours) supports once-daily dosing regimen. The exposure to niraparib showed linear and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, whereas other PK parameters such as Tmax, T1/2, and accumulation ratio were dose independent. Population PK analysis indicated that there was no effect of race on niraparib PK parameters, whereas baseline body weight had a modest impact on niraparib exposure. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; reported in ≥10% of patients) included platelet count decreased (a total of five patients who were all from the 300-mg group) and neutrophil count decreased. The TEAEs were manageable after dose modification.

Conclusion

The PK profile of niraparib in Chinese patients is consistent with that in white patients. Niraparib is safe and well tolerated in Chinese patients with ovarian cancer.
Rosario Tijeras: una mirada a la violencia colombiana del siglo XX
Authors: Ávila-Arce Dayhana , Martínez-Gómez Amile
Published: August 2019

El artículo presenta un informe detallado del proceso y los resultados de la investigación formativa “Rosario Tijeras: una mirada de la violencia colombiana del siglo XX”, de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, 2009, que tiene como objeto de estudio la novela con el mismo nombre del escritor antioqueño Jorge Franco Ramos. Este trabajo hace parte de un proyecto de investigación macro denominado “Postulaciones políticas en la novela colombiana del siglo XX”, enfocado en la literatura de la violencia en Colombia desde el contexto rural y urbano. Jorge Franco, en la obra objeto de estudio, Rosario Tijeras, presenta una Medellín de finales de los años ochenta, fuertemente influenciada por el poder del narcotráfico que se generó a raíz de la violencia, una realidad en la que se ven envueltos un grupo de jóvenes, entre ellos Rosario Tijeras, una mujer a la que la vida y la muerte le enseñó a defenderse con balas y tijeras. La investigación referida en el artículo es un proceso en el cual se analizan los espacios de experiencia del autor y la novela, y se hace una propuesta pedagógica que busca llevar la novela a la escuela con el fi n de desarrollar en los estudiantes una visión crítica de la sociedad del país.
Pós-tratamento físico-químico por flotação fad em efluentes de laticínios
Authors: Corso Andressa , Papp Gabriel Taccolini , Mees Juliana Bortoli Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

A agroindústria de laticínios constitui um setor com uma geração de efluente de alto potencial poluidor, que sem o tratamento adequado acaba se tornando um problema ambiental. Buscando solucionar os efeitos do tratamento inadequado destes efluentes, complementar ao tratamento convencional, em alguns casos é realizada a aplicação de um pós-tratamento visando uma melhor qualidade do efluente final. Uma das formas utilizadas é a flotação precedida de coagulação/floculação, que através de agentes coagulantes e floculantes permitem à aglomeração de partículas possibilitando a flotação. Essas substâncias utilizadas são produtos químicos normalmente à base de alumínio ou ferro, acarretando na geração de lodos com altas concentrações de íons metálicos, dificultando e encarecendo a destinação do lodo. Tendo em vista os problemas citados, vêm sendo estudados e utilizados coagulantes e floculantes com base orgânica, uma vez que estes geram lodos biodegradáveis. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a eficiência entre dois coagulantes, sendo um inorgânico (Klaraid IC 1176L) e o outro orgânico (Novfloc 1540), associados ao processo de flotação e sedimentação em escala de bancada, no tratamento de efluente de uma agroindústria de laticínio. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi aplicada a metodologia de planejamento experimental e otimização de processos, utilizando como variáveis independentes a concentração de coagulantes e floculantes, tendo como variável resposta à remoção de turbidez. Como primeiro passo foi feito o planejamento inicial fatorial 22 de sedimentação e flotação visando ajustar as faixas de aplicação, seguindo para um delineamento composto central rotacional visando à otimização dos processos da sedimentação e flotação. Com a utilização do coagulante de base inorgânica (Klaraid) seguido pelo floculante, obteve-se uma remoção de turbidez de até 78,93% para o processo de sedimentação, já para o processo de flotação os melhores resultados apontaram uma remoção de turbidez de 74,92%. Com o uso do coagulante de base orgânica (Novfloc) combinado ao uso do floculante, a eficiência de remoção de turbidez para sedimentação chegou até 78,09%, já na flotação o resultado foi até 72,11% de remoção.
Dimensionamento de um sistema de exaustão para uma célula de soldagem de uma indústria de máquinas agrícolas
Authors: Dos Santos Bruna Karine , Dos Santos Diego Michael , Dos Santos César Gabriel
Published: August 2019

A união de materiais por meio do processo de soldagem GMAW é amplamente utilizada na indústria de máquinas agrícolas devido às suas características, que permitem bom nível de produtividade e de desempenho do processo. Porém, sua utilização resulta na geração de poluentes nocivos à saúde humana, também conhecidos como fumos metálicos ou gases tóxicos. A inalação dessas partículas pode causar problemas de saúde, como a diminuição das funções pulmonares, além de contribuir para o surgimento de diversas doenças. Desta forma, é necessário utilizar um sistema de captação e transporte dessas partículas para evitar o contato direto entre os gases tóxicos e os operadores envolvidos no processo. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar uma metodologia que permita realizar o dimensionamento de um sistema de captação e movimentação dessas partículas, desde a escolha do captor até a definição do tipo de ventilador a ser utilizado, assim como suas respectivas características. De acordo com o memorial de cálculo abordado neste trabalho, foi possível determinar o ventilador ideal para esta situação, levando em consideração as singularidades utilizadas nos dutos, o tipo de contaminante e a perda de carga resultante da coleta e transporte dos gases tóxicos originados pelo processo de soldagem.
Mediese Sertifikate ingevolge die Traditional Health Practitioners Act: Die Kwessie van Geldigheid en Betroubaarheid /Medical Certificates in terms of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act: The Issue of Validity and Reliability
Authors: Van Niekerk Juani
Published: August 2019

On 1 May 2014, various provisions of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act 22 of 2007, came into effect. This resulted in the establishment of the Interim Council for Traditional Health Practitioners with the accompanying requirement that traditional healers must register with the council in order to practice lawfully in South Africa. Due to this development, a registered traditional healer is now included in the provisions of section 23 of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997 for the purposes of issuing a valid medical certificate. Section 23(2) of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act states that a valid medical certificate for the purposes of sick leave must be issued and signed by a medical practitioner or any other person registered with a professional council and qualified to diagnose and treat patients. This stipulation raises several issues in relation to traditional healers. The requirement is that the person concerned must be qualified to diagnose and treat a person, but whether traditional healers qualify in this context is a bone of contention. It seems that the statutory provisions on the standards of training and the qualifications required for purposes of registration in terms of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act are lacking. This creates doubt about whether only fully-fledged traditional healers are registered in terms of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act and whether a registered traditional healer is competent to make a reliable diagnosis for purposes of sick leave. This means that employers remain uncertain about the reliability of a traditional healer's diagnosis and the incapacity of the employee.
Delivering Integrative Restoration-Yoga Nidra Meditation (iRest®) to Women with Sexual Trauma at a Veteran's Medical Center: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pence Pamela , Katz Lori , Huffman Cristi , Cojucar Geta
Published: August 2019

Objective: This pilot study examines iRest, a form of guided mindfulness meditation, and its ability to reduce symptoms associated with sexual trauma, including military sexual trauma (MST), in a sample of women seeking psychotherapy services at a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. Methods: 90-minute sessions were held 19 times, twice a week for 10 weeks, except for the week with a holiday. Participants completed self-report measures Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI), Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Check List (PCL) pre- and post-treatment. Sixteen women were recruited: 15 enrolled, 5 dropped due to transportation issues, and 10 completed the protocol. Results: Completers reported significant decreases in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL, t (9) = 3.17, p < 0.01, d = 0.66), negative thoughts of self-blame (PTCI t (9) = 2.96, p < 0.05, d = 0.52), and depression (BSI, t (9) = 2.33, p < 0.05, d = 0.64). Participants also offered verbal reports of decreased body tension, improved quality of sleep, improved ability to handle intrusive thoughts, improved ability to manage stress, and an increased feeling of joy. Participants also enthusiastically endorsed the class and stated they would take it again and recommend it to others. Conclusions: This small pilot study showed promising results for delivering iRest to women with sexual trauma in a VA medical center. Further research is warranted.
Pedaleando hacia una movilidad urbana sostenible: el caso del modelo ciclista en Zaragoza (España)
Authors: López Escolano Carlos , Pueyo Campos Ángel , Valdivielso Pardos Sergio
Published: August 2019

This paper addresses the new role that the bicycle is acquiring in numerous cities as a sustainable urban transport mode after decades of being considered as a residual transport option.  The socio-economic changes of the recent decades and the new demands are making it possible to reincorporate the bicycle not only in traditional spaces.  In this context, we assess the accessibility of the population to different cyclist infrastructures. The city of Zaragoza (Spain) serves as a study case.
 The analysis is based on the assessment of the accessibility of the population, urban facilities and intermodality with other modes of transport. The results are presented through thematic cartography, which allows visualizing and identifying different situations in the city. As the main conclusion, the bicycle infrastructures model of Zaragoza has allowed to increasing the modal share of the use of bicycles, which shows the usefulness of adequate design of bicycle infrastructures in cities.
Study of blood cultures by BACTEC method in pediatric patients of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Morey Meenakshi S. , Channe Nirmal
Published: August 2019

Background: 356 children aged  between 2 to 4 years admitted at PICU were selected for study B.D BACTEC 9050 system was used for incubation bottle  were incubated until microbial growth was detected, BACTEC 9050 is an automated blood culture system which responds to concentration of  Co2 produced by metabolism microorganism or consumption of O2, needed for growth of microorganism.Methods: The antibiotic used were Amoxicin 250 mcg, penicillin 100 unit linezoid 50 Mcg, vancomycin 50 mcg, ampicillin 100 mcg, Azithromycin 100 Mcg, pipericillin/ Tozabactum, 100/50mcg, ceforazone/ salbactum 50/30 mcg, cefoxitin 50 mcg, cefepime 50 mcg, Amikacin 50 mcg, Imipenen 30 mcg, ceftazidime- clavulanic acid..Results: The observed organized were 90 (25.2%) CoNS, 72 (20.2%) Entrobacter, 70 (19.6%) Klebesiella  spp, 40(11.1%) Enterococcus, 22(6.1%) S, auresis, 22 (6.1%) E coli,  20(5.6%) citrobacters, 20(5.6%) Acinitobacter. This blood culture study  by BACTEC 9050 in pediatric patients in few minutes.Conclusions: BACTEC-9050 method was helpful to treat especially in children because most of diseases in children are idiopathic and life threatening.
Electrolyte disturbance in rotaviral diarrhea and other acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years
Authors: Gubbari Keerthana T. N.
Published: August 2019

Background: Acute diarrheal disease is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in under 5 children. Rotavirus is one of the important cause of diarrhea in under 5. This study was done to know the electrolyte disturbance in under 5 children with diarrhea.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Masonic Medical Centre for Children, Coimbatore on children aged less than 5 years with acute diarrhea with moderate and severe dehydration.Results: Total 220 children are included in study, among them 66(58.9%) had rotavirus infection. Among 220 cases of diarrhea 14.09% (31/220) had hypernatremia, 2.72% (6/220) had hyponatremia, 4.54% (10/220) had hyperkalemia and 9.09% (20/220) had hypokalemia. Among 66 cases of rotavirus diarrhea, 27.27% (18/66) had hypernatremia, 4.5% (3/66) had hyponatremia and 25.75% (17/66) had hypokalemia.Conclusions: Hypernatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in acute diarrheal diseases and most frequently seen in rotavirus diarrhea. In most of the situation, there is unavailability of laboratory or time lag in obtaining reports. Hence prediction of electrolyte disturbance and management is more important in diarrheal disease.
Hypertonic saline and adrenaline nebulization in the treatment of bronchiolitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Shankar Poornima , Marol Jayalalitha S. , K. Akash B.
Published: August 2019

Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of acute illness and hospitalization in young children. There is limited role for diagnostic laboratory or radiographic tests in typical cases of bronchiolitis. Several large recent trials have revealed lack of efficacy of either bronchodilators or corticosteroids. Novel treatment like hypertonic saline and adrenaline nebulizations need to be evaluated for their efficacy.Methods: In this retrospective case control study, we included children aged between 6 months to 2 years admitted for bronchiolitis between August 2017 till July 2018. Each of the 45 children treated with adrenaline nebulisation was assigned a child who was given hypertonic saline nebulization only matched for age and duration of symptoms.Results: 45 children given adrenaline nebulization and 45 children given only hypertonic saline nebulization were compared. Mean duration of stay for children treated with adrenaline nebulization was 5.3 days and those given hypertonic saline was 4.8 days.  p value of 0.29.Conclusions:  Adrenaline nebulization did not shorten hospital stay in children admitted for bronchiolitis as compared to children given hypertonic saline.
A case of moyamoya disease in a patient with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Tilak Kedar M. , Haribhakta Sandhya V.
Published: August 2019

Moyamoya cerebral angiopathy is characterized by progressive stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery or its branches with subsequent development of basilar collaterals. It is commonly seen in Asian population. Authors present a case report of a 12 year-old boy with Multidrug resistant tuberculosis with Moyamoya disease. Moyamoya disease rarely coexists with tuberculosis. However, we can infer that tuberculosis may coexist in a patient in a patient of Moyamoya disease.