bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing germinability thresholds for optimizing stale seedbed applications to control red rice (Oryza spp.) in California rice cropping systems
Authors: Galvin Liberty B. , Delong Maya T. , Al-Khatib Kassim
Published: February 2023

“Weedy” red rice is a problematic weed with phenotypic similarities to cultivated rice. Limited herbicide availability has driven a need for nonchemical control options for managing this pest. One preplanting strategy that is being explored is the stale seedbed methodology, which aims to maximize soil seedbank withdrawals via germination. This technique is adapted in rice by flooding a field, waiting for germination and emergence of weed seedlings, and completing the method with a mechanical or chemical control application. Optimization of this process is dependent on maximizing weed seed germination, which is primarily influenced by both temperature and moisture availability. Germinability across a range of these factors is not well understood in California red rice. Thus, this study aimed to determine germinability of California red rice accessions under various temperature and water potential treatments. Previously described red rice accessions 1, 2, 3, and 5, along with ‘M206’, a common California rice cultivar, were exposed to temperatures from 10 to 40 C in 5 C increments in combination with water potentials of 0, −0.2, −0.4, or −0.8 MPa until either germination or weed seed decay occurred. Statistical analysis indicated a three-way interaction between accession, temperature, and water potential. Germination reached 95% or greater when seeds were exposed to temperatures from 20 to 35 C in combination with 0 or −0.2 MPa. Germination was lowest when seeds were water stressed (−0.8 MPa) and when temperatures were colder than 20 C or warmer than 35 C. The ‘M206’ cultivar was utilized for comparison and demonstrated cold tolerance by germinating at 10 C, whereas weedy accessions 1, 2, and 3 did not. When temperatures were at or above 15 C, however, ‘M206’ germinated less often compared with all weedy accessions. Historical preplant temperatures in this region align with those required for weedy rice germination. Thus, the stale seedbed methodology is a viable strategy in years when ample floodwater is available.
Bariatric Surgery and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: a 2022 Update
Authors: Lazaridis Ioannis I. , Delko Tarik
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently termed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to address the strong association with the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MAFLD is significantly increased in obese individuals and treatment of obesity is currently the cornerstone of management of MAFLD. Bariatric and metabolic surgery nowadays emerges as a key therapeutic strategy for the treatment of the MAFLD. This review aims to provide an update on the novel studies reporting the outcomes of bariatric surgery on the spectrum of MAFLD, from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis.
Osteomikrobiologie – aktuelle Literaturübersicht
Authors: Tornatore Sergio
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Mehrere In-vivo-Untersuchungen zeigen interessante Korrelationen zwischen Mikrobiota und Knochenumbau. Das Mikrobiota modelliert und stimuliert das Immunsystem, das eine direkte Wirkung auf den Knochen ausübt. Die ersten klinischen Studien bestätigen diese Resultate und eröffnen neue Perspektiven für die Prävention der Osteoporose.
Bissverletzungen – Diagnose und Behandlung
Authors: Besmens Inga S. , Politikou Olga , Greminger Martina , Calcagni Maurizio
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. 50% der Schweizer Bevölkerung werden einmal im Leben von einem Tier gebissen. Knapp 20% aller Bissverletzungen führen zu Infektionen. Alle Bissverletzungen sollten debridiert und mit Kochsalzlösung gespült werden. Das primäre Wundmanagement ist entscheidend im Hinblick auf die Senkung des Infektrisikos. Verletzungen an den Händen und im Gesicht sollten unter Einbeziehung einer Fachärztin/eines Facharztes für Hand- oder Plastische Chirurgie erfolgen.
Evaluating Northern Hemisphere Growing Season Net Carbon Flux in Climate Models Using Aircraft Observations
Authors: Loechli Morgan , Stephens Britton B. , Commane Roisin , Chevallier Frédéric , McKain Kathryn , Keeling Ralph F. , Morgan Eric J. , Patra Prabir K. , Sargent Maryann R. , Sweeney Colm , Keppel‐Aleks Gretchen
Published: February 2023

Understanding terrestrial ecosystems and their response to anthropogenic climate change requires quantification of land‐atmosphere carbon exchange. However, top‐down and bottom‐up estimates of large‐scale land‐atmosphere fluxes, including the northern extratropical growing season net flux (GSNF), show significant discrepancies. We developed a data‐driven metric for the GSNF using atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration observations collected during the High‐Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole‐to‐Pole Observations and Atmospheric Tomography Mission flight campaigns. This aircraft‐derived metric is bias‐corrected using three independent atmospheric inversion systems. We estimate the northern extratropical GSNF to be 5.7 ± 0.3 Pg C and use it to evaluate net biosphere productivity from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) models. While the model‐to‐model spread in the GSNF has decreased in the CMIP6 models relative to that of the CMIP5 models, there is still disagreement on the magnitude and timing of seasonal carbon uptake with most models underestimating the GSNF and overestimating the length of the growing season relative to the observations. We also use an emergent constraint approach to estimate annual northern extratropical gross primary productivity to be 56 ± 17 Pg C, heterotrophic respiration to be 25 ± 13 Pg C, and net primary productivity to be 28 ± 12 Pg C. The flux inferred from these aircraft observations provides an additional constraint on large‐scale gross fluxes in prognostic Earth system models that may ultimately improve our ability to accurately predict carbon‐climate feedbacks.
Mean Energy Flux, Associated Derived Height‐Integrated Conductances, and Field‐Aligned Current Magnitudes Evolve Differently During a Substorm
Authors: Carter J. A. , Milan S. E. , Forsyth C. , Lester M. E. , Walach M.‐T. , Gjerloev J. , Paxton L. J. , Anderson B. J.
Published: February 2023

We examine the average evolution of precipitation‐induced height‐integrated conductances, along with field‐aligned currents (FACs), in the nightside sector of the polar cap over the course of a substorm. Conductances are estimated from the average energy flux and mean energies derived from auroral emission data. Data are binned using a superposed epoch analysis on a normalized time grid based on the time between onset and recovery phase (δt) of each contributing substorm. We also examine conductances using a fixed time binning of width 0.25 hr. We split the data set by magnetic latitude of onset. We find that the highest conductances are observed for substorms with onsets that occur between 63 and 65° magnetic latitude, peaking at around 11 mho (Hall) and 4.8 mho (Pedersen). Substorms with onsets at higher magnetic latitudes show lower conductances and less variability. Changes in conductance over the course of a substorm appear primarily driven by changes (about 40% at onset) in the average energy flux, rather than the average energy of the precipitation. Average energies increase after onset slower than energy flux, later these energies decrease slowly for the lowest latitude onsets. No clear expansion of the main region 1 and region 2 FACs is observed. However, we do see an ordering of the current magnitudes with magnetic latitude of onset, particularly for region 1 downwards FAC in the morning sector. Peak current magnitudes occur slightly after or before the start of the recovery phase for the normalized and fixed‐time grids.
Observation of Scintillation Enhancements and Large‐Scale Structures Within the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly During a Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Valladares C. E. , Chen Y.‐J. , Hairston M. , Chau J. L. , Dhanya R.
Published: February 2023

Total electron content (TEC) and L‐band scintillations measured by several networks of GPS and GNSS receivers that operate in South and Central America and the Caribbean region are used to observe the morphology of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), examine the evolution of plasma bubbles, and investigate the enhancement of L‐band scintillations that occurred on February 12 and 13, 2016. A few weak and short magnetic storms developed these days, and a minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event was initiated a few days before. During these unusual conditions, TEC maps reported a split of the otherwise continuous crests of the EIA and the formation of a large‐scale (thousands of kilometers) almost‐circular structure. The western part of the southern crest faded, and a north‐south aligned segment developed near the center of the South American continent, joining the north and south crests of the EIA, forming an anomaly that resembled a closed loop on the eastern side of the continent. Concurrently with the anomaly events, several GPS stations reported increases in the L‐band scintillation index from 0.4 to values greater than 1. We analyzed TEC values from receivers between ±6° from the magnetic equator to identify and follow TEC depletions associated with plasma bubbles when they reach different stations. Although the magnetic activity was moderate (Kp = 3°), we believe that the anomaly redistribution and the scintillation enhancements are not related to a prompt penetration electric field but to enhancing the semidiurnal lunar tide propitiated by the onset of the minor SSW event. We found that depending on the lunar tide phase cycle, the neutral wind's meridional component can augment sub‐km scale irregularities and enhance L‐band scintillations through the wind gradient instability when U·n < 0 or the action of wind gradients (U) within the bubbles. Our observations imply that the SSW event enables prominent changes in the thermosphere wind system at F‐region altitudes.
Entrainment Rates and Eddy Exchange Coefficients From Reanalysis Sea Surface Salinity Data
Authors: Paldor Nathan , Shamir Ofer , Yacoby Itamar
Published: February 2023

Simple analytic models developed in this study are applied to long‐term averages of reanalysis surface salinity data to quantify two fundamental properties of ocean currents. The first model is based on the new Freshening Length schema and its application to the Irminger Current yields a ratio of about 5 between the turbulent entrainment rates of surrounding fresher surface waters west and east of Greenland. The second model is based on the steady solution of the advection‐diffusion equation subject to suitable boundary conditions. The application of this model to the spreading of fresh, snow‐melt, water from the delta of the Po river in the northwest Adriatic Sea into the rest of the Sea yields a ratio of 8 × 104 m between the eddy exchange coefficient and the speed of advection in the Sea.
Unifying colors by primes
Authors: Li Han-Lin , Fang Shu-Cherng , Lin Bertrand M. T. , Kuo Way
Published: February 2023

RGB and CYMK are two major coloring schemes currently available for light colors and pigment colors, respectively. Both systems use letter-based color codes that require a large range of values to represent different colors. The problem is that these two systems are hard to use for manipulating any operations involving combinations of colors, and they lack the capacity for inter-changeability or unification. Based on prime number theory and Goldbach’s conjecture, this study presents a universal color system (C235) using a number-based structure to encode, compute and unify all colors on a color wheel. The proposed C235system offers a unified representation for the efficient encoding and effective manipulation of color. It can be applied to designing a high-rate LCD system and colorizing objects with multiple attributes and DNA codons, opening the door to manipulating colors and lights for even broader applications.
METTL3 regulates breast cancer-associated alternative splicing switches
Authors: Achour Cyrinne , Bhattarai Devi Prasad , Groza Paula , Román Ángel-Carlos , Aguilo Francesca
Published: February 2023

Alternative splicing (AS) enables differential inclusion of exons from a given transcript, thereby contributing to the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Aberrant AS patterns play major roles in the development of different pathologies, including breast cancer.N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, influences tumor progression and metastasis of breast cancer, and it has been recently linked to AS regulation. Here, we identify a specific AS signature associated with breast tumorigenesis in vitro. We characterize for the first time the role of METTL3 in modulating breast cancer-associated AS programs, expanding the role of the m6A-methyltransferase in tumorigenesis. Specifically, we find that both m6A deposition in splice site boundaries and in splicing and transcription factor transcripts, such asMYC, direct AS switches of specific breast cancer-associated transcripts. Finally, we show that five of the AS events validated in vitro are associated with a poor overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer, suggesting the use of these AS events as a novel potential prognostic biomarker.
GPR162 activates STING dependent DNA damage pathway as a novel tumor suppressor and radiation sensitizer
Authors: Long Yao , Guo Jiaxing , Chen Jielin , Sun Jingyue , Wang Haiyan , Peng Xin , Wang Zuli , Lai WeiWei , Liu Na , Shu Long , Chen Ling , Shi Ying , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Tao Yongguang
Published: February 2023

In the treatment of most malignancies, radiotherapy plays a significant role. However, the resistance of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is the main reason for the failure of radiotherapy, which causes tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this study, we confirmed that GPR162, an orphan receptor in the G-protein-coupled receptor family, acted as a novel radiotherapy sensitizer by interacting with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which targeted DNA damage responses, activated IRF3, accelerated the activation of type I interferon system, promoted the expression of chemokines including CXCL10 and CXCL4, and inhibited the occurrence and development of tumors. Interestingly, the activation of STING by overexpression of GPR162 was independent of the classical pathway of cGAS. STING inhibitors could resist the antitumor effect of overexpression of GPR162 in IR-induced mouse models. In addition, most solid tumors showed low expression of GPR162. And the higher expression of GPR162 indicated a better prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, etc. In summary, these results suggested that GPR162 may serve as a potential sensitizer of radiotherapy by promoting radiotherapy-induced STING-IFN production and increasing the expression of chemokines including CXCL10 and CXCL4 in DNA damage response, providing an alternative strategy for improving cancer radiotherapy.
Chromatin profile-based identification of a novel ER-positive breast cancer subgroup with reduced ER-responsive element accessibility
Authors: Kumegawa Kohei , Saeki Sumito , Takahashi Yoko , Yang Liying , Osako Tomo , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Amino Sayuri , Maeda Tetsuyo , Takahata Chikako , Mori Seiichi , Noda Tetsuo , Ohno Shinji , Ueno Takayuki , Maruyama Reo
Published: February 2023

Background

Oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling-dependent cancer cell growth is one of the major features of ER-positive breast cancer (BC). Inhibition of ER function is a standard and effective treatment for ER-positive tumours; however, ~20% of patients with ER-positive BC experience early or late recurrence. In this study, we examined intertumour heterogeneity from an epigenetic perspective based on the hypothesis that the intrinsic difference in epigenetic states around ER signalling pathway underlies endocrine therapy resistance.

Methods

We performed transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis of 42 BC samples, including 35 ER-positive(+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative(−) and 7 triple-negative tumours. We also reanalysed ATAC-seq data of 45 ER + /HER2 − tumours in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort to validate our observations.

Results

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) using ATAC-seq, identifying three subgroups based on chromatin accessibility profiles. We identified a subgroup of ER-positive BCs with a distinctive chromatin accessibility pattern including reduced accessibility to ER-responsive elements (EREs). The same subgroup was also observed in TCGA BC cohort. Despite the reduced accessibility to EREs, the expression of ER and potential ER target genes were not decreased in these tumours.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the existence of a subset of ER-positive BCs with unchanged ER expression but reduced EREs accessibility that cannot be distinguished by conventional immunostaining for ER. Future studies should determine whether these tumours are associated with resistance to endocrine therapy.
PGD2 displays distinct effects in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma depending on different concentrations
Authors: Hu Shunfeng , Lu Tiange , Shang Juanjuan , Cai Yiqing , Ding Mengfei , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin
Published: February 2023

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been implicated in allergic responses, parasitic infection and tumor development. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PGD2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still undefined. In this study, we firstly found the high concentration of serum PGD2 and low expression of PGD2 receptor CRTH2 in DLBCL, which were associated with clinical features and prognosis of DLBCL patients. Interestingly, different concentration of PGD2 displayed divergent effects on DLBCL progression. Low-concentration PGD2 promoted cell growth through binding to CRTH2 while high-concentration PGD2 inhibited it via regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion. Besides, high-concentration PGD2 could induce ROS-mediated DNA damage and enhance the cytotoxicity of adriamycin, bendamustine and venetoclax. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat (SAHA) and panobinostat (LBH589) regulated CRTH2 expression and PGD2 production, and CRTH2 inhibitor AZD1981 and high-concentration PGD2 enhanced their anti-tumor effects in DLBCL. Altogether, our findings demonstrated PGD2 and CRTH2 as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in DLBCL, and highlighted the potency of high-concentration PGD2 as a promising therapeutic strategy for DLBCL patients.
HuMSC-EV induce monocyte/macrophage mobilization to orchestrate neovascularization in wound healing process following radiation injury
Authors: Loinard Céline , Ribault Alexandre , Lhomme Bruno , Benderitter Marc , Flamant Stéphane , Paul Sandrine , Dubois Valérie , Lai Ruenn Chai , Lim Sai Kiang , Tamarat Radia
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HuMSC-EV)-induced proangiogenic paracrine effects after radiation injury. HuMSC-EV were locally administered in mice hindlimb following 80-Gy X-ray irradiation and animals were monitored at different time points. HuMSC-EV improved neovascularization of the irradiated tissue, by stimulating angiogenesis, normalizing cutaneous blood perfusion, and increasing capillary density and production of proangiogenic factors. HuMSC-EV also stimulated vasculogenesis by promoting the recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors. Moreover, HuMSC-EV improved arteriogenesis by increasing the mobilization of monocytes from the spleen and the bone marrow and their recruitment into the muscle, with a pro-inflammatory potential. Importantly, monocyte depletion by clodronate treatment abolished the proangiogenic effect of HuMSC-EV. The critical role of Ly6C(hi) monocyte subset in HuMSC-EV-induced neovascularization process was further confirmed using Ccr2−/− mice. This study demonstrates that HuMSC-derived EV enhances the neovascularization process in the irradiated tissue by increasing the production of proangiogenic factors, promoting the recruitment of vascular progenitor cells, and the mobilization of innate cells to the injured site. These results support the concept that HuMSC-EV might represent a suitable alternative to stem cells for therapeutic neovascularization in tissue repair.
Perspectives on fundamental cosmology from Low Earth Orbit and the Moon
Authors: Bertone Gianfranco , Buchmueller Oliver L. , Cole Philippa S.
Published: February 2023

The next generation of space-based experiments will go hunting for answers to cosmology’s key open questions which revolve around inflation, dark matter and dark energy. Low earth orbit and lunar missions within the European Space Agency’s Human and Robotic Exploration programme can push our knowledge forward in all of these three fields. A radio interferometer on the Moon, a cold atom interferometer in low earth orbit and a gravitational wave interferometer on the Moon are highlighted as the most fruitful missions to plan and execute in the mid-term.
Biomolecular analyses enable new insights into ancient Egyptian embalming
Authors: Rageot Maxime , Hussein Ramadan B. , Beck Susanne , Altmann-Wendling Victoria , Ibrahim Mohammed I. M. , Bahgat Mahmoud M. , Yousef Ahmed M. , Mittelstaedt Katja , Filippi Jean-Jacques , Buckley Stephen , Spiteri Cynthianne , Stockhammer Philipp W.
Published: February 2023

The ability of the ancient Egyptians to preserve the human body through embalming has not only fascinated people since antiquity, but also has always raised the question of how this outstanding chemical and ritual process was practically achieved. Here we integrate archaeological, philological and organic residue analyses, shedding new light on the practice and economy of embalming in ancient Egypt. We analysed the organic contents of 31 ceramic vessels recovered from a 26th Dynasty embalming workshop at Saqqara1,2. These vessels were labelled according to their content and/or use, enabling us to correlate organic substances with their Egyptian names and specific embalming practices. We identified specific mixtures of fragrant or antiseptic oils, tars and resins that were used to embalm the head and treat the wrappings using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. Our study of the Saqqara workshop extends interpretations from a micro-level analysis highlighting the socio-economic status of a tomb owner3–7to macro-level interpretations of the society. The identification of non-local organic substances enables the reconstruction of trade networks that provided ancient Egyptian embalmers with the substances required for mummification. This extensive demand for foreign products promoted trade both within the Mediterranean8–10(for example,Pistaciaand conifer by-products) and with tropical forest regions (for example, dammar and elemi). Additionally, we show that at Saqqara,antiuandsefet—well known from ancient texts and usually translated as ‘myrrh’ or ‘incense’11–13and ‘a sacred oil’13,14—refer to a coniferous oils-or-tars-based mixture and an unguent with plant additives, respectively.
Identification of key genes related to immune infiltration in cirrhosis via bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Du Tong-Yue , Gao Ya-Xian , Zheng Yi-Shan
Published: February 2023

Cirrhosis is the most common subclass of liver disease worldwide and correlated to immune infiltration. However, the immune-related molecular mechanism underlying cirrhosis remains obscure. Two gene expression profiles GSE89377 and GSE139602 were investigated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cirrhosis. Enrichment analysis for DEGs was conducted. Next, the immune infiltration of DEGs was evaluated using CIBERSORT algorithm. The hub DEGs with tight connectivity were identified using the String and Cytoscape databases, and the expression difference of these hub genes between normal liver and cirrhosis samples was determined. Moreover, in order to evaluate the discriminatory ability of hub genes and obtained the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values in the GSE89377 and GSE139602 datasets. Finally, the association between hub DEGs and immune cell infiltration was explored by Spearman method. Among the 299 DEGs attained, 136 were up-regulated and 163 were down-regulated. Then the enrichment function analysis of DEGs and CIBERSORT algorithm showed significant enrichment in immune and inflammatory responses. And four hub DEGs (ACTB, TAGLN, VIM, SOX9) were identified, which also showed a diagnostic value in the GSE89377 and GSE 139,602 datasets. Finally, the immune infiltration analysis indicated that, these hub DEGs were highly related to immune cells. This study revealed key DEGs involved in inflammatory immune responses of cirrhosis, which could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets of cirrhosis.
Modelling evolution of a large, glacier-fed lake in the Western Indian Himalaya
Authors: Gantayat Prateek , Ramsankaran RAAJ
Published: February 2023

In this study, we simulated the evolution of a large glacier-fed lake called the Gepan Gath lake located in Western Himalayas by numerically modelling the evolution of the Gepan Gath glacier that feeds the lake. Due to the extremely large volume and steep lake sidewalls, the lake has been classified as ‘critical’ or prone to hazards such as lake outburst floods in the future, by various scientific investigations. This modelling was carried out by a 1D model that is based on the principle of mass conservation. The 1D model was forced with the glacier surface mass balance (SMB). Due to non-availability of published in-situ estimates, the SMB was estimated using an energy balance-based model on station derived and reanalysis derived meteorological data. Modelled glacier length fluctuations for over 134 years matched reasonably well with that of observed within the RMSE error ~ 320 m. In addition to that, between 2004 and 2019, the modelled and observed lake lengths were in agreement with each other with the RMSE ~ 110 m. Modelled glacier lake lengths also match well with published, satellite imagery derived lengths within 15% uncertainty. The uncertainty in future lake length fluctuations is within 100–200 m. Our ultimate aim is to show that numerical ice-flow modelling can be an asset in modelling glacier-fed lake evolution even in the case of highly data-sparse regions of the IHR.
Prevalence of early and late menopause and its determinants in Rafsanjan cohort study
Authors: Vatankhah Hajar , Khalili Parvin , Vatanparast Mahboubeh , Ayoobi Fatemeh , Esmaeili-Nadimi Ali , Jamali Zahra
Published: February 2023

Our investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence of early and late menopause and its determinants in adult women of Rafsanjan cohort study. We used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study, as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran. In this cross-sectional research, 2002 postmenopausal women were included in the present study. Menopause age were divided into three groups (≤ 41 years, 42–54 years, and ≥ 55 years) based on the 10th and 90th percentile. The association between age at menopause with demographic and reproductive characteristics and some clinical risk factors of women was evaluated by logistic regressions. The mean age at menopause among the study participants was 48.63 ± 5.37 years. In this study, 11.49% and 11.39% of the women experienced early and late menopause respectively. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the results showed that taller and smoker women had higher odds of early menopause (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06) and OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01–3.41) respectively) and women with history of using hormonal contraceptive more than median had lower odds of early menopause (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.91). Also older women (OR 8.65, 95% CI 5.31–14.08) and women with a history of diabetes (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.63–3.60), hypertension (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42–2.97), thyroid disease (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.07–3.20) and depression (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.35–2.97) had higher odds of late menopause. The results showed that the year of birth, height, smoking, history of diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disease and depression and using hormonal contraceptive were significantly associated with the menopausal age. Since age at menopause can affect subsequent health in women, understanding the determinants of menopausal age is important and should be pursued.
Effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass on diabetes in the early postoperative period
Authors: Okikawa Shohei , Kashihara Hideya , Shimada Mitsuo , Yoshikawa Kozo , Tokunaga Takuya , Nishi Masaaki , Takasu Chie , Wada Yuma , Yoshimoto Toshiaki
Published: February 2023

Metabolic surgery is an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) in a rat model of T2DM during the early postoperative period. A rat model of non-obese T2DM was allocated to two groups: a sham group and a DJB group. On postoperative day 1 (1POD), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed and the changes of glucose transporter expressions in the small intestine was evaluated. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]-FDG) uptake was measured in sham- and DJB-operated rats using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). DJB improved the glucose tolerance of the rats on 1POD. The expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was high, and that of GLUT2 was low in the alimentary limb (AL) of rats in the DJB group. PET-CT showed that [18F]-FDG uptake was high in the proximal jejunum of DJB-operated rats. These results may show that DJB improve glucose tolerance in very early postoperative period as the result of glucose accumulation in the AL because of changes in glucose transporter expression.
Tamarixia radiata global distribution to current and future climate using the climate change experiment (CLIMEX) model
Authors: Souza Philipe G. C. , Aidoo Owusu F. , Farnezi Priscila K. B. , Heve William K. , Júnior Paulo A. S. , Picanço Marcelo C. , Ninsin Kodwo D. , Ablormeti Fred K. , Shah Mohd Asif , Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Silva Ricardo S.
Published: February 2023

The phloem-limited bacteria, “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and “Ca. L. americanus”, are the causal pathogens responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB). The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the principal vector of these “Ca. Liberibacter” species. Though Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been useful in biological control programmes against D. citri, information on its global distribution remains vague. Using the Climate Change Experiment (CLIMEX) model, the potential global distribution of T. radiata under the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s for Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 was defined globally. The results showed that habitat suitability for T. radiata covered Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. The model predicted climate suitable areas for T. radiata beyond its presently known native and non-native areas. The new locations predicted to have habitat suitability for T. radiata included parts of Europe and Oceania. Under the different climate change scenarios, the model predicted contraction of high habitat suitability (EI > 30) for T. radiata from the 2050s to the 2090s. Nevertheless, the distribution maps created using the CLIMEX model may be helpful in the search for and release of T. radiata in new regions.
The Chemistry of Plants: Perfumes, Pigments and Poisons
Authors: Séquin Margareta
Published: February 2023

Why are some plants so important to humans? The chemistry of the plants has a lot to do with it!

The plant world offers a fascinating way to explore basic chemistry concepts. The spectacular variety of colors, fragrances and other characteristics of plants are driven by the seemingly subtle differences in the structure and properties of organic compounds. Well-known flowers, like daffodils and narcissus, are examples of plants that provide ample perfumes, pigments and poisons as part of their intricate and fascinating chemistry.

This second edition retains it accessibility, expanding on the first edition and combining scientific concepts with colorful pictures and stories in simple, clear language. Readers will find introductory information on some chemistry and plant biology. This prepares them for the more complex chemical structures that compose plant substances, many of them of vital importance to humans. The final chapter has been expanded, in particular the sections on medicinal plants and on genetic modification. The end-of chapter references have been thoroughly updated with articles, books, and relevant websites that illustrate the topics discussed.

Dr Margareta Sequin, an organic chemist and plant enthusiast, has taught popular undergraduate college level courses on plant chemistry to non-chemistry majors and has led numerous field seminars for the general public. The comments and questions from these audiences and the topics that especially captured people’s interest have greatly shaped this book.

The Chemistry of Plants addresses an audience with little previous chemistry knowledge, but will appeal to the expert reader looking for an understanding of more complex plant compounds. It can be used both as a text to introduce organic chemistry as it relates to plants and as a text of reference for more advanced readers.
More Molecules of Murder
Authors: Emsley John , Emsley John , Emsley John , Hargreaves Anthony E
Published: February 2023

How can a plant as beautiful as the foxglove be so deadly and yet for more than a century be used to treat heart disease? The same is true of other naturally occurring molecules as will be revealed in this current book by award-winning author and chemist, John Emsley.

More Molecules of Murder follows on from his highly-acclaimed earlier book Molecules of Murder, and again it deals with 14 potential poisons; seven of which are man-made and seven of which are natural. It investigates the crimes committed with them, not from the point of view of the murderers, their victims, or the detectives, but from the poison used. In so doing it throws new light on how these crimes were carried out and ultimately how the perpetrators were uncovered and brought to justice.

Each chapter starts by looking at the target molecule itself, its discovery, its chemistry, its often-surprising use in medicine, its effects on the human body, and its toxicology. The rest of the chapter is devoted to murders and attempted murders in which it has been used. But, be reassured that murder by poison is not the threat it once was, thanks to laws which restrict access to such materials and to the skills of analytical chemists in detecting their presence in incredibly tiny amounts.
Poisons and Poisonings: Death by Stealth
Authors: Hargreaves Tony , Emsley John , Hargreaves Anthony E
Published: February 2023

It is London in the 1890s. A young woman has just taken a dose of a tonic she’s been given in the belief that it will improve her complexion. About ten minutes pass and she starts to experience breathing difficulties. Another minute and she collapses. Mercifully, death arrives but the poison has not yet finished, for the process of rigor mortis has set in with unusual speed. Her body is frozen into a rigid and contorted mass. This is the horror of strychnine, the nastiest of poisons. Despite knowing all the dreadfulness of this poison, Dr Thomas Neill Cream, the Lambeth Poisoner, used it to kill several prostitutes. And who knows how many other victims experienced the horror of strychnine, for it was by no means an uncommon poison.

Today, there may well be more poisons available to the individual than ever before, but there are also advances in medical examination and forensic analysis that increase the likelihood of the poisoner being caught. This book will examine poisons, both natural and man-made menaces, and cases based on a particular poison as well as information about how forensic analysis is conducted. Appealing to scientists and non-scientists alike, this enthralling book will entertain and educate and bring the reader up to date with how important chemical analysis is in crime detection.
The Science of Sugar Confectionery
Authors: Edwards William P
Published: February 2023

Since the first edition of The Science of Sugar Confectionery (2000), the confectionery industry has responded to ever-changing consumer habits. This new edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect industry’s response to market driven nutrition and dietary concerns, as well as changes in legislation, labelling, and technology.

Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author’s personal knowledge and experience of the sugar confectionery industry is used to provide a thorough and accessible account of the field. Written so the reader needs no more than a rudimentary level of chemistry, this book covers the basic definitions, commonly used and new ingredients in the industry. It then discusses the various types of sugar confectionery including "sugar glasses" (boiled sweets), "grained sugar products" (fondants), toffees and fudges, "hydrocolloids" (gums, pastilles and jellies) and concludes with a new chapter on future outlooks.

Featuring expanded coverage of special dietary needs, covering topics such as vegetarianism and veganism, religious requirements and supplemented products, this new edition reflects current and evolving needs in the sugar confectionery field.
Vampirology: The Science of Horror's Most Famous Fiend
Authors: Harkup Kathryn
Published: February 2023

Our fascination with the vampire myth has scarcely diminished since Bram Stoker’s publication of the classic Dracula tale in 1897, but how much of the lore is based in fact and can science explain the origins of horror’s most famous fiend? Vampirology charts the murky waters of the vampire myth – from stories found in many cultures across the globe to our sympathetic pop-culture renditions today – to investigate how a scientific interpretation may shed light on the fears and phenomena of the vampire myth.
Lust and Love: Is it More Than Chemistry?
Authors: Froböse Gabriele , Froböse Rolf
Published: February 2023

Philosophers have mused over them, poets have written about them and musicians have sung about them. Love, desire and passion will at some point touch everyone's life - yet they are little understood and some of the oldest mysteries of mankind. Why do people fall in love and what is love anyway? What makes people attractive? How do these emotions tie in with our physiology and how we have evolved? Lust and Love: Is it more than Chemistry? provides answers to some of these questions through the eyes of science. It takes a light hearted and entertaining approach in explaining the current scientific knowledge of why people are attracted to each other, from the first moments of meeting to how emotions change in a long lasting partnership. The book covers research from the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, physics and medicine while using the love story of a fictional couple to take the reader on a journey explaining the science. Additional topics on the 'tools of attraction', including the history of the lipstick, and the development of perfumes and aphrodisiacs, provide an absorbing insight into the subject. Medical treatments and conditions including contraception, erectile dysfunction and the climacteric phenomenon are also discussed. This engaging and unusual book is ideal for anyone interested in the science behind love, desire and passion.
Essential Mathematics for NMR and MRI Spectroscopists
Authors: Brown Keith C
Published: February 2023

Beginning with a review of the important areas of mathematics, this book then covers many of the underlying theoretical and practical aspects of NMR and MRI spectroscopy from a maths point of view. Competence in algebra and introductory calculus is needed but all other maths concepts are covered. It will bridge a gap between high level and introductory titles used in NMR or MRI spectroscopy. Uniquely, it takes a very careful and pedagogical approach to the mathematics behind NMR and MRI. It leaves out very few steps, which distinguishes it from other books in the field.

The author is an NMR laboratory manager and is sympathetic to the frustrations of trying to understand where some of the fundamental equations come from hence his desire to either explicitly derive all equations for the reader or direct them to derivations. This is an essential text aimed at graduate students who are beginning their careers in NMR or MRI spectroscopy and laboratory managers if they need an understanding of the theoretical foundations of the technique.
Food: The Chemistry of its Components
Authors: Coultate Tom
Published: February 2023

First published in 1984, and now in its 6th edition, this book has become the classic text on food chemistry around the world. The bulk components – carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and water, and the trace components – colours, flavours, vitamins and preservatives, as well as food-borne toxins, allergens, pesticide residues and other undesirables all receive detailed consideration. Besides being extensively rewritten and updated a new chapter on enzymes has been included. At every stage attention is drawn to the links between the chemical components of food and their health and nutritional significance.

Features include:"Special Topics" section at the end of each chapter for specialist readers and advanced students; an exhaustive index and the structural formulae of over 500 food components; comprehensive listings of recent, relevant review articles and recommended books for further reading; frequent references to wider issues eg the evolutionary significance of lactose intolerance, fava bean consumption in relation to malaria and the legislative status of food additives around the world.

Food: The Chemistry of its Components will be of particular interest to students and teachers of food science, nutrition and applied chemistry in universities, colleges and schools. Its accessible style ensures that it will be invaluable to anyone with an interest in food issues.
Ligand free FeSn2 alloy nanoparticles for safe T2-weighted MR imaging of in vivo lung tumors
Authors: Thangudu Suresh , Lin Wei-Che , Lee Chin-Lai , Liao Min-Chiao , Yu Chun-Chieh , Wang Yu-Ming , Su Chia-Hao
Published: February 2023

Ligand-free FeSn2 alloy nanoparticles were used as T2 weighted MRI contrast agents for imaging lung tumors in vivo.
Structural features, dissolution performance and anthelmintic efficacy of multicomponent solid forms of fenbendazole with maleic and oxalic acids
Authors: Surov Artem O. , Vasilev Nikita A. , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Perlovich German L. , Varlamova Anastasiya I. , Arkhipov Ivan A. , Odoevskaya Irina M.
Published: February 2023

Two new multicomponent crystalline phases of fenbendazole (FNB), a benzimidazole anthelmintic agent, with maleic and oxalic acids have been prepared, and their structural and physicochemical properties carefully investigated.
Synthesis of Pt3Zn1 and Pt1Zn1 intermetallic nanocatalysts for dehydrogenation of ethane
Authors: Gan Zhuoran , Lu Zheng , Bunian Muntaseer , Lagria Larissa B. , Marshall Christopher L. , Banish R. Michael , Lee Sungsik , Lei Yu
Published: February 2023

Insights into Pt and Zn speciation during the formation of PtZn intermetallic nanoparticles and how Pt–Zn nanocatalysts show enhanced catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of ethane.
Molecular understanding of the impacts of structural characteristics on ethanol adsorption performance for adsorption heat pumps
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Zhilu , Wu Weixiong , Li Song
Published: February 2023

Adsorption heat pumps (AHPs) powered by low-grade waste heat or renewable energy can reduce electricity consumption and carbon emission.
High-pressure phase equilibrium of the binary systems CO2 + 355-TMHA and CO2 + 335-TMCHMA
Authors: Dhamodharan Duraisami , Lee Chang-Woo , Byun Hun-Soo
Published: February 2023

The thermodynamic behaviors of the two-phase systems of 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acrylate (355-TMHA) and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate (335-TMCHMA) in high-pressure CO2 are reported.
A highly stretchable, adhesive and absorbent hybrid hydrogel dressing for photothermal/chemodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Yi Wenhua , Hai Luo , Luo Yuze , Li Junqin , Yang Ke , He Lidan , Yang Shidong , Deng Le , He Dinggeng
Published: February 2023

A PEDOT:PSS-based multifunctional hydrogel dressing with a high photothermal effect and catalytic activity for enhancing antibacterial therapy and promoting wound healing has been developed.
2D coordination sheets based on tetranuclear cuprofullerene pentafluorobenzoate and their electronic properties
Authors: Liu Yu-Li , Zhan Shun-Ze , Zhang Guo-Hui , Tao Xian-Yun , Hu Kun , Luo Deng-Feng , Dang Li , Ng Seik Weng , Li Dan
Published: February 2023

Two 2D coordination sheets with narrow bandgap based on tetranuclear cuprofullerene pentafluorobenzoate constructed with linear (μ2–η2:η2)2-C60 connecting CuI/CuII pentafluorobenzoate polymeric chains, were realized under solvothermal conditions.
Energy transfer between molecules from core to shell in one-dimensional coaxial electrospun nanofibres
Authors: Mahmood Reeda , Castillo-Rodriguez Judith , Grandy Reese A. , Koivisto Bryan D.
Published: February 2023

FRET from the core to the shell of a coaxial nanofibre structure was explored. BODIPY was embedded in the core and rhodamine in the shell (B-PVP@Rh-PVP) with PVP as the host polymer. Upon excitation of BODIPY, emission of rhodamine was observed.
Chemically grafting Cu(ii)-Schiff base complex on magnetic graphene oxide–cobalt ferrite (GO/CoFe2O4) nanocomposite for the selective and ultrafast removal of toxic anionic dyes and dichromate–chromate anions from water
Authors: Nirumand Ladan , Farhadi Saeed
Published: February 2023

A copper(ii) Schiff base complex was grafted onto a magnetic graphene oxide–cobalt ferrite (GO/CoFe2O4) composite using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a linker and used as a rapid and selective adsorbent to remove anionic organic dyes from water.