bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pseudo-evolution of Galaxy-cluster Masses and Its Connection to Mass Density Profile
Authors: Shirasaki Masato
Published: September 2019

A mass of dark matter halo is commonly defined as the spherical overdensity (SO) mass with respect to a reference density, whereas the time evolution of an SO mass can be affected by the redshift evolution of the reference density as well as the physical mass accretion around halos. In this study, we directly measure the amount of pseudo evolution of the SO masses of cluster-sized halos by the changes in the reference density from a time series of N-body simulations for the first time. We find that the 52% ± 19% difference in the virial SO masses between z = 0 and 1 can be accounted for by the pseudo evolution of clusters with a virial mass of 1014
h
−1
M
⊙ at z = 0. The amount of pseudo evolution is found to be correlated with the age and density environment of a galaxy cluster. The stacked mass density profiles of cluster-sized halos with a greater amount of pseudo evolution in the SO mass shows the higher concentration and greater linear bias parameter that is a counterexample of the known secondary halo bias due to concentration on the scale of clusters. We discuss how more concentrated clusters can show larger clustering amplitudes than their less concentrated counterparts and argue that the presence of rich filamentary structures plays a critical role in determining the linear halo bias of galaxy clusters.
Correlations between the Variation of the Ionizing Continuum and Broad Absorption Lines in Individual Quasars
Authors: Lu 陆 Wei-Jian 伟坚 , Lin 林 Ying-Ru 樱如
Published: September 2019

We discover the significant (significance level of >99%) correlations between the fractional variation of the ionizing continuum and that of the C iv and/or Si iv broad absorption lines (BALs) in each of 21 BAL quasars that have at least five-epoch observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-I/II/III. This result reveals that the fluctuation of the ionizing continuum is the driver of most of these BAL variations. Among them, 17 show negative correlations and the other 4 positive correlations, which agrees with the prediction of photoionization models that absorption line variability response to ionization changes is not monotonic. Eight quasars out of 21 examples have been observed at least 30 times on rest-frame timescales as short as a few days, which reveals that changes in the incident ionizing continuum can cause BAL variability even in such a short period of time. In addition, we find that most of the 21 quasars show larger variation amplitude in Si iv than C iv, which reveals the ubiquity of saturation in these BALs (at least for C iv BALs).
Metal Abundances and Star Formation Rates of Emission-line Galaxies in and around the Boötes Void
Authors: Wegner Gary A. , Salzer John J. , Taylor Joanna M. , Hirschauer Alec S.
Published: September 2019

We explore the possible dependencies of galaxy metal abundance and star formation rate (SFR) on local environment, focusing on the volume of space in and around the Boötes Void. Our sample of star-forming galaxies comes from the second catalog of the Hα-selected KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS), which overlaps the void. This sample represents a statistically complete, line-flux-limited ensemble of 820 star-forming galaxies, all of which possess metallicity and SFR estimates. We carry out two distinct analyses of the KISS galaxies: one that probes the properties of the entire sample as a function of local density, and a second that details the properties of 33 KISS star-forming galaxies located within the Boötes Void. In both cases, we find no evidence that either the metallicity of the KISS galaxies or their SFRs depend on the environments within which the galaxies are located. Our global analysis does show weak trends for decreasing stellar mass, decreasing metallicity, and decreasing SFRs with decreasing local densities. However, we argue that the metallicity and SFR trends are artifacts of the stellar mass—local density trend. In particular, the change in metallicity with density is precisely what one would predict from the mass–metallicity relation, given the observed drop in stellar mass with decreasing metallicity. Likewise, the SFR trend with density disappears when one instead considers the mass-normalized specific SFR. The KISS galaxies dwelling in the Boötes Void are found to have metallicity and SFR properties nearly identical to those of a matched comparison sample, despite the fact that the former are located in density environments that are, on average, more than 16 times lower.
The Frequency-dependent Behavior of Subpulse Drifting. I. Carousel Geometry and Emission Heights of PSR B0031–07
Authors: McSweeney S. J. , Bhat N. D. R. , Wright G. , Tremblay S. E. , Kudale S.
Published: September 2019

The carousel model of pulsar emission attributes the phenomenon of subpulse drifting to a set of discrete sparks located very near the stellar surface rotating around the magnetic axis. Here, we investigate the subpulse drifting behavior of PSR B0031−07 in the context of the carousel model. We show that B0031−07's three drift modes (A, B, and C) can be understood in terms of a single carousel rotation rate if the number of sparks is allowed to change by an integral number, and where the different drift rates are due to (first-order) aliasing effects. This also results in harmonically related values for P
3 (the time it takes a subpulse to reappear at the same pulse phase), which we confirm for B0031−07. A representative solution has [n
A, n
B, n
C] = [15, 14, 13] sparks and a carousel rotation period of P
4 = 16.4 P
1. We also investigate the frequency dependence of B0031−07's subpulse behavior. We extend the carousel model to include the dual effects of aberration and retardation, including the time it takes the information about the surface spark configuration to travel from the surface up to the emission point. Assuming these effects dominate at B0031−07's emission heights, we derive conservative emission height differences of ≲2000 km for mode A and ≲1000 km for modes B and C as seen between 185 and 610 MHz. This new method of measuring emission heights is independent of others that involve average profile components or the polarization position angle curve, and thus provides a potentially strong test of the carousel model.
The Role of Magnetic Helicity in Coronal Heating
Authors: Knizhnik K. J. , Antiochos S. K. , Klimchuk J. A. , DeVore C. R.
Published: September 2019

One of the greatest challenges in solar physics is understanding the heating of the Sun’s corona. Most theories for coronal heating postulate that free energy in the form of magnetic twist/stress is injected by the photosphere into the corona where the free energy is converted into heat either through reconnection or wave dissipation. The magnetic helicity associated with the twist/stress, however, is expected to be conserved and appear in the corona. In previous works, we showed that the helicity associated with the small-scale twists undergoes an inverse cascade via stochastic reconnection in the corona and ends up as the observed large-scale shear of filament channels. Our “helicity condensation” model accounts for both the formation of filament channels and the observed smooth, laminar structure of coronal loops. In this paper, we demonstrate, using helicity- and energy-conserving numerical simulations of a coronal system driven by photospheric motions, that the model also provides a natural mechanism for heating the corona. We show that the heat generated by the reconnection responsible for the helicity condensation process is sufficient to account for the observed coronal heating. We study the role that helicity injection plays in determining coronal heating and find that, crucially, the heating rate is only weakly dependent on the net helicity preference of the photospheric driving. Our calculations demonstrate that motions with 100% helicity preference are least efficient at heating the corona; those with 0% preference are most efficient. We discuss the physical origins of this result and its implications for the observed corona.
Double Neutron Star Mergers from Hierarchical Triple-star Systems
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Thompson Todd A.
Published: September 2019

The isolated binary evolution model for merging neutron stars (NSs) involves processes such as mass transfer, common-envelope evolution, and natal kicks, all of which are poorly understood. Also, the predicted NS–NS merger rates are typically lower than the rates inferred from the LIGO GW170817 event. Here, we investigate merger rates of NS and black hole–NS binaries in hierarchical triple-star systems. In such systems, the tertiary can induce Lidov–Kozai (LK) oscillations in the inner binary, accelerating its coalescence and potentially enhancing compact object merger rates. However, because compact objects originate from massive stars, the prior evolution should also be taken into account. Natal kicks, in particular, could significantly reduce the rates by unbinding the tertiary before it can affect the inner binary through LK evolution. We carry out simulations of massive triples, taking into account stellar evolution starting from the main sequence, secular and tidal evolution, and the effects of supernovae. For large NS birth kicks (

), we find that the triple NS–NS merger rate (several hundred

) is lower by a factor of ∼2–3 than the binary rate, but for no kicks (

), the triple rate (several thousand

) is comparable to the binary rate. Our results indicate that a significant fraction of NS–NS mergers could originate from triples if a substantial portion of the NS population is born with low kick velocities, as indicated by other work. However, uncertainties and open questions remain because of our simplifying assumption of dynamical decoupling after inner binary interaction has been triggered.
Terrestrial mammalian fauna (Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, Artiodactyla) of Lozen Mountain
Authors: Zidarova Sirma
Published: September 2019

Field data on the terrestrial mammalian fauna (Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, Artiodactyla) of Lozen Мountain collected from 2005 untill 2019 were summarized. Several methods were used: live trapping, pitfall trapping, camera trapping, transects for signs (e.g. prints and scats), and visual observations. The investigation revealed relatively high species richness of the mammalian fauna in the area. The species composition of mammal associations in forested and open habitats, the conservation status and zoogeographic classification of the recorded species are presented. The distribution and habitat preferences of particular species (Neomys fodiens, Muscardinus avellanarius, Canis aureus, etc.) are discussed. The significance of the natural and the semi-natural habitats in Lozen Mountain for mammalian populations is considered. The main threats for the mammals and their habitats on the territory of Natura 2000 site “Lozenska planina” (BG0000165) are emphasized and recommendations for future management and monitoring activities are proposed.
Cyanoprokaryotes biodiversity in nine shallow Bulgarian wetlands
Authors: Uzunov Blagoy , Stoyneva-Gärtner Maya , Gärtner Georg , Radkova Mariana , Stefanova Katerina
Published: September 2019

The results from the investigation of the phytoplankton in nine shallow wetlands, situated in Central and Eastern Bulgaria, conducted in the frame of recent projects related to identifying harmful algal blooms and algal toxins in the country are demonstrated. Therefore, the focus is on the cyanoprokaryotes and their toxigenic species in particular. The species were identified using conventional light microscopy, while for distinguishing the toxigenic species and strains PCR-based molecular methods were applied. Cyanoprokaryotes comprised about 30% of the total phytoplankton biodiversity of the studied wetlands and were unevenly spread among them. The presence and spread of toxigenic strains in the studied wetlands also did not show any strong geographical pattern. Taxonomic problems related with the evaluation of the real cyanoprokaryotic biodiversity and potential alien or invasive character of the morphospecies are discussed.
New species of the subgenus Epiphragma Osten Sacken from China (Diptera, Limoniidae)
Authors: Zhang Bing , Mao Meng , Yang Ding
Published: September 2019

Previously 12 species of the subgenus Epiphragma (Epiphragma) Osten Sacken, 1860 were known to occur in China. The following three species are described and illustrated as new to science: E. (E.) acuminatumsp. nov., E. (E.) henanensissp. nov., and E. (E.) longitubumsp. nov.. Epiphragma (E.) insigne van der Wulp, 1878 is reported from China for the first time and is illustrated based on additional morphological characters. An updated key to the species of the subgenus E. (Epiphragma) from China is presented.
A new species of Acerentulus Berlese, 1908 (Protura, Acerentomata, Acerentomidae) from Bulgaria with a revised key to the confinis group
Authors: Shrubovych Julia , Georgiev Dilian G. , Fiera Cristina
Published: September 2019

A new species, Acerentulus bulgaricussp. nov., belonging to the confinis group, is described from Bulgaria. This species is characterized by long foretarsal sensilla a and b, the posterior position of foretarsal seta δ4, the presence of seta P1a on abdominal tergites II–VII and seta P3a on abdominal tergite VII, possession of eight anterior setae on abdominal tergite VII and composed spsm pores on sternite VI. The new species differs from all members of the confinis group in possessing P1a setae on tergites II–VII. Otherwise it is similar in body chaetotaxy and porotaxy to three species of the cunhai group, A. proximus, A. correzeanus and A. tuxeni. The identification key to 22 Acerentulus species belonging to confinis group is revised.
Honneur à l’ambivalence
Authors: Mazzetti Marco , Évrard Brigitte
Published: September 2019

À l’aide d’un cas clinique, l’auteur décrit l’expérience phénoménologique de l’ambivalence dans le contexte thérapeutique et discute de son traitement en cinq étapes : (1) reconnaître et légitimer l’ambivalence ; (2) distinguer l’incertitude de la confusion ; (3) accepter l’ambivalence, s’abstenir de la résoudre immédiatement ; (4) analyser avec respect les deux pôles de l’ambivalence ; et (5) reconnaître leur unité fondamentale car les deux pôles constituent généralement les deux faces d’un même désir de bien-être. L’étude de cas montre comment traiter non seulement l’ambivalence du patient, mais aussi celle du thérapeute. Le modèle d’intervention décrit montre son utilité pour comprendre à la fois la dynamique de transfert et la dynamique de contre-transfert de la dyade thérapeutique. L’auteur envisage les précautions nécessaires pour mener à bien le processus analytique ainsi que l’utilité de la neutralité empathique à l’égard des deux pôles de l’ambivalence.
De quoi l’inclusion est-elle le nom ?
Authors: Puaud David
Published: September 2019

Cet article vise à interroger de quoi l’inclusion est le nom. Le terme inséré est devenu ces dernières années une catégorie à part entière caractérisée par la figure de l’individu « insérés ». Cette catégorie mobilise de nombreuses notions et concepts sous-jacents tels que l’ empowerment , l’autonomie, la conditionnalité comportementale. Il s’agit ici de définir ce que sous-tend le terme d’inclusion sociale puis d’étudier comment le processus d’insertion favorise l’uniformisation sociale et politique d’une population tout juste contrariée par quelques situations marginales contrôlées par l’agencement de la main droite et de la main gauche de l’État.
Les modalités d’inclusion scolaire et professionnelle des jeunes sortant des Instituts Thérapeutiques Éducatifs et Pédagogiques
Authors: Cervera Mélaine , Parron Audrey
Published: September 2019

Cet article présente des modalités d’inclusion vers le milieu ordinaire de jeunes sortant d’un accompagnement en Institut Thérapeutique Éducatif et Pédagogique (ITEP ou DITEP). Dans un contexte qui tend à favoriser les passerelles entre l’institution spécialisée et les structures de l’Éducation nationale, nous rendons compte, en premier lieu, à travers des résultats issus d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative, de trajectoires scolaires entre les dispositifs spécialisés et le milieu ordinaire. Aux termes de nos analyses, nous proposons, en second lieu, une discussion autour du recours à l’enseignement adapté pour permettre une inclusion scolaire à la sortie du (D)ITEP et autour de la rupture « de fait » avec les dispositifs de compensation du handicap dédiés aux adultes à la sortie de la filière infanto-juvénile.
Question inclusive et protection de l’enfance : un développement possible
Authors: Yahiaoui Guglielmo
Published: September 2019

La supposée absence de l’approche inclusive dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance révèle de notre point de vue sa réduction possible à la seule dimension professionnelle, ou socioprofessionnelle, de l’accompagnement de l’adolescent qui est accueilli dans ce champ. Nous nous attachons dans ce texte à repérer les déterminants d’une telle réduction. Ceux-ci sont à rechercher, de notre point de vue, aux fondements mêmes de ce champ. Tout praticien y exerçant étant au risque de se mettre au service d’une entreprise d’exclusion. Il y a là un choix éthique qui revient à chacun de ceux qui se risquent dans ce champ.
L’accueil, un territoire inclusif. L’exemple de la parentalité
Authors: Rougerie Corinne , Micor Marjorie
Published: September 2019

Nous proposons d’interroger la fonction inclusive de l’accueil dans le champ du travail social en l’illustrant d’une pratique issue du secteur du soutien à la parentalité. L’accueil nous paraît être un analyseur de l’évolution des liens relationnels entre le public et les professionnels de la relation (Rougerie, 2015). L’évolution de la prise en compte des problèmes sociétaux s’inscrit de plus en plus dans le territoire de vie des personnes, en s’appuyant sur une pluralité d’acteurs. Mais la fonction d’accueil favorise-t-elle vraiment un accompagnement inclusif des personnes ? En croisant nos regards en sciences de l’éducation et en sociologie, nous interrogeons l’accueil comme territoire de rencontre, au-delà de sa matérialité. Le contexte de l’accueil des familles pour un soutien à la parentalité proposé par L’École des Parents et des Éducateurs de Moselle (EPE) vient illustrer la matérialité d’un accueil inconditionnel.
Discours à la frontière : processus d’inclusion-exclusion liés au phénomène de la prostitution
Authors: Carbó Pilar Albertín , Langarita Adiego Jose Antonio
Published: September 2019

Le discours sur le phénomène de la prostitution a fait son apparition sur le territoire transfrontalier situé entre la Catalogne (Espagne) et les Pyrénées-Orientales (France). La frontière est un lieu perméable dans lequel les processus d’inclusion-exclusion font partie d’un continuum. L’objectif de ce travail est de détecter ces processus qui ont été relevés dans les discours au sein de la population, en particulier ceux axés sur le développement du travail sexuel et les femmes qui l’exercent. Nous avons réalisé des observations sur le terrain (dans la rue et dans les clubs) et interviewé des professionnels en lien avec les femmes exerçant un travail sexuel. Par la suite, nous avons identifié trois dimensions discursives dans lesquelles situer les processus d’inclusion-exclusion : les différents espaces et territoires du travail sexuel, la construction d’une catégorie de femmes dédiées au travail sexuel et les caractéristiques et considérations concernant le travail sexuel pour les femmes.
Courte (pré)histoire du peuplement humain de la planète
Authors: Macchiarelli Roberto
Published: September 2019

Au cours des trois dernières décennies, des avancées conceptuelles et techniques dans les domaines de l’archéologie préhistorique, de la géochronologie, de la taphonomie, de la paléoécologie, de la paléogénétique et de la paléoanthropologie nous ont permis de reconstruire, avec une bonne approximation et dans un cadre chronologique solide, les toutes premières phases de l’émergence du genre Homo, les dynamiques et les trajectoires principales de son évolution et les grandes étapes du peuplement humain des continents. Cet article propose de revenir sur ces avancées.
Civilisation vs Barbarie , métaphore raciste d’un appel à la guerre identitaire ?
Authors: Dhume Fabrice
Published: September 2019

Cet article interroge les liens entre les discours sur le thème Barbarie vs Civilisation et le racisme. Prenant appui sur les discours (d’élites, le plus souvent) circulant de la presse quotidienne nationale, il met en évidence de façon synchronique le portrait-type du « Barbare » et ses présupposés racistes, ainsi que les principales figures auxquelles ce discours est appliqué. Dans une perspective diachronique, il montre les reformulations récentes de ce discours comme un appel à la guerre « de civilisation », en particulier face à l’immigration et l’islam.
SOS Méditerranée : ne pas lâcher l’humanité
Authors: Vallat Francis , Taïbi Nadia
Published: September 2019

SOS Méditerranée est une association civile et européenne de sauvetage en haute mer créée au printemps 2015 par des citoyens décidés à agir face à la tragédie des naufrages à répétition en Méditerranée centrale. Ce réseau européen est constitué de quatre associations localisées en France, en Allemagne, en Italie et, depuis août 2017, en Suisse. Les quatre associations mènent conjointement les opérations de sauvetage de l’Aquarius et développent dans leurs pays respectifs des actions de sensibilisation et de mobilisation citoyennes…
Révolutions arabes : que pouvons-nous espérer ?
Authors: Achcar Gilbert , Taïbi Nadia
Published: September 2019

Dans cet entretien, on montrera que les conditions qui ont vu naître les révolutions arabes n’ont pas changé : chômage, inégalité sociale, cherté de la vie. Et que la grande question pour cette partie du monde, mais aussi pour le monde entier, est celle de l’émergence de directions progressistes à la hauteur des enjeux…
Des principes de légitimation
Authors: Vollaire Christiane
Published: September 2019

La réflexion que nous menons, nous conduit à comprendre que si nous devons combattre le sort fait aux victimes de l’humanitaire, c’est pour défendre une idée du politique qui nous inclut dans l’action qu’ils veulent assumer sur leur propre devenir, et en exclut les modes de gouvernementalité visant à leur assujettissement.
La critique de la modernité technique : termes et variations
Authors: Moatti Alexandre
Published: September 2019

L’histoire de la critique de la modernité technique s’adjoint utilement celle du vocabulaire critique. Elle amène en particulier à rencontrer certains néologismes ou mots fort peu usités. Disons alors que repérer ces néologismes, ces expressions-choc est une des méthodes de travail et d’analyse du chercheur en la matière. Comme l’est l’histoire des mots plus courants (ceux qui ne sont pas des néologismes à usage rhétorique), qui est au cœur de l’histoire des idées – leur apparition, leur période de « mode », leur déclin. Par exemple : quand apparaît le mot transhumanisme ?
De la persistance des hommes
Authors: Mercurio Stéphane , Taïbi Nadia
Published: September 2019

Une longue peine c’est d’abord une mise en arrêt, une suspension longue du temps, un retrait de la vie. Sortir 20 ou 25 ans après et parfois avec des années d’isolement absolu n’est pas encore être libre. Il faut réapprendre à vivre, à parler, à désigner les choses et les êtres qui ne sont plus du tout comme on les avait laissés. Une longue peine c’est donc aussi et surtout un immense chagrin…
De la fragilité des êtres et la persistance des grands espaces : que peut la photographie ?
Authors: Van Malleghem Sébastien , Taïbi Nadia
Published: September 2019

Le problème de la photographie est un problème de distance. Quand on regarde les photographies en Europe on a tendance à être un peu loin deux trois mètres de nos sujets au contraire des grands photographes américains comme Eugene Richards qui ont tendance à être prés parfois à 50 cm de ce qu’ils photographient. Or, quand le photographe est proche des gens : il tremble et se présente avec son humanité et cela fait peut-être apparaître l’humanité.
Vision Improvement by Correcting Higher-order Aberrations With Phase Plates in Normal Eyes
Authors: Yoon Geunyoung , Jeong Tae Moon , Cox Ian G , Williams David R
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To psychophysical^ demonstrate vision improvement when correcting higher-order aberrations with phase plates in normal eyes.

METHODS: The wavefront aberrations of three nonsurgical normal eyes were measured with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. With these measured aberrations, phase plates were fabricated using a lathing technique. Theoretical improvement in retinal image quality was estimated by calculating the optical modulation transfer functions under the white light condition. Visual acuity measurements were also conducted to demonstrate improvement in visual performance after correcting higher-order aberrations with the phase plate. In this visual acuity measurement, a tumbling "E" with high (100%) and low (10%) contrast was used.

RESULTS: The phase plate reduced the higherorder root mean square (RMS) wavefront error from 0.39 ? 0.09 to 0.15 ? 0.02 µm (mean ? standard deviation from three eyes) for a 6 -mm pupil. With the phase plate, retinal image quality based on the volume of modulation transfer function under 60 cycles per degree (c/deg) was improved by a factor of 1.8 ? 0.4 over that of the eyes with spherocylindrical correction only. Average improvement in visual acuity achieved by correcting the higherorder aberration was 0.23 lines with high-contrast letters and 1.12 lines with low-contrast letters. All subjects reported subjective improvement in image quality of the letter with the phase plate.

CONCLUSION: The phase plate effectively corrected the higher-order aberrations in normal eyes. As a result, both retinal image quality and visual acuity especially with the low -contrast letters were improved. This study demonstrated the feasibility of correcting higher-order aberrations and improving vision with customized optics. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:S523-S527]
Sin “cieno ni obscenidad”: el censor de películas Francisco Ortiz Muñoz, inventor de su propio paraíso (1946)
Authors: Tuñón Julia
Published: September 2019

Francisco Ortiz Muñoz dio en Madrid en 1946 una conferencia y como producto de ella publicó Criterios y normas morales de censura cinematográfica. Conferencia pronunciada en el Salón de Actos del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas el día 21 de junio de 1946. Eran los años en que la censura estaba ya suficientemente impuesta para tener criterios establecidos, pues ya habían pasado muchas películas bajo la mirada inquisidora de la Junta de Clasificación y Censura de Películas Cinematográficas, pero las normas no eran claras, pues la primera codificación es de abril de 1963. La discrecionalidad de los censores era común, pero este texto representa una primera sistematización que da cuenta de los andamios ideológicos de la política censora tanto como de las medidas que cada vez más se aplicaban rígidamente.
Bernard Plossu et le désert d’Almería
Authors: Terrasa Jacques
Published: September 2019

À partir de 1987 et durant une quinzaine d’années, Bernard Plossu a parcouru à pied les étendues désertiques de la région d’Almería, dans le sud de l’Espagne. La rencontre avec ce nouveau « jardin de poussière » prolonge celle du désert américain et celle du Sahara, qu’il a découvert avec son père à l’âge de treize ans. Les images que le voyageur rapporte de cet « ailleurs » andalou, espace vide et primordial situé aux portes de l’Europe, montrent que la photographie est aussi la trace d’une expérience – celle du vide, de la solitude, de la confrontation avec les rythmes extrêmes de la nature…
Revolution by Evolution
Authors: Tzanova Stefka
Published: September 2019

This chapter will discuss the development of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) for education in the last decade and will trace the challenges they meet. The author will examine the social and cultural impacts of several types of ITSs, from data-driven ITSs, which became the backbone of educational data mining approaches, to model-based adaptive systems. The latter utilizes artificial-intelligence-based tools that can provide dialogue to engage students in the learning process, to provide open learning models in order to promote self-awareness, to adopt meta-cognitive scaffolding, to use social simulation models, and to use cultural models. The layout of the chapter is as follows: the author will describe the technology of various ITSs with a focus on implementation of different techniques and algorithms in ITS modules (e.g., student modeling module, pedagogical module, and interface), followed by a discussion of how these ITSs begin to change the whole spectra of educational paradigms toward open everyone-is-a student models.
Concerning the Integration of Machine Learning Content in Mechatronics Curricula
Authors: Frochte Jörg , Lemmen Markus , Schmidt Marco
Published: September 2019

Machine learning is becoming more and more important for mechatronic systems and will become an ordinary part of today's student life. Thus, it is obvious that machine learning should be part of today's student's curriculum. Unfortunately, machine learning seldomly is implemented into the curriculum in a substantial or linking manner, but rather offered as an elective course. This chapter provides an analysis of how machine learning can be integrated as a mandatory part of the curriculum of mechatronic degree courses. It is considered what the required minimal changes in fundamental courses should be and how traditional subjects like robotics, automation, and automotive engineering can profit most of this approach. As a case study, this chapter utilizes an existing German mechatronic degree course specialized on information technology, which covers most of the discussed aspects.
Digital Fluency in SMEs
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Vieru Dragos
Published: September 2019

In the practitioner and the academic literatures, links between information technology (IT) adoption, IT use, and digital fluency (DF) have been emphasized by a number of authors. However, there is a lack of understanding of what exactly digital fluency is, how it can be conceptualized, and what role it plays in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on the DF literature and its underlying concepts such as skills, expertise, and competencies, as well as on the SME literature, a multi-case study of three Canadian SMEs is conducted to empirically evaluate a typology of DF archetypes. The typology, that is based on a change agent perspective, has three archetypes. Results suggest that SMEs' managers should focus on the complementarity nature of the cognitive, social, and technological dimensions of DF when assessing and developing their employees' DF.
Strengthening the Capabilities in Data Analytics
Authors: Cusi Milenka Linneth Argote , Bernal Leon Dario Parra
Published: September 2019

In the framework of digital economy and the fourth industrial revolution, it is very important that companies have internal capabilities for the analysis of data and of the information they produce, as well as to generate value in the decision-making process. In 2017 the EAN University implemented the Program for Strengthening Capabilities in DA (PSCDA) with 15 companies from different economic sectors in Bogotá, Colombia. The main purpose of the program was to diagnose, qualify, and accompany the participating companies, in the process of strengthening their DA capabilities. Among the most important results we highlighted that 90% of the companies from the program have applied technological tools for the analysis of their data, while an 80% were able to design and implement a plan of improvement for their processes in data analytics and its use in decision making.
A Review of Antecedents of Online Repurchase Behavior in Indian E-Commerce Paradigm Shift
Authors: Habeeb Syed , Sudhakar K. Francis
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight research areas of customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions and their antecedents in the Indian e-commerce industry. To retain, attract, and satisfy customers, e-retailers need to understand how and why online customers evaluate a web store. The relevant areas of consumer behavior and marketing research were derived to explain the possible gaps to study with respect to e-commerce in India. To do so, a systematic review of online consumer behavior literature is conducted. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 109 journal articles are analyzed. The major finding of the chapter was that there is very less amount of research considering the areas of customer satisfaction, trust, loyalty along with repurchase behavior of the online customer in specific to the Indian context. Therefore, it is a need of the hour to extend the study to know the repurchase behavior of the online consumer in present time.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Network Reconfiguration for Improvement of Voltage Stability
Authors: Sarkar Dipu , Roy Joyanta Kumar
Published: September 2019

Issues related to power system voltage levels have become increasingly important issue during last two and half decades. In power networks, low voltage situations may result in the loss of stability, voltage collapse and eventually to cascading power outages. Large number of incidents of voltage collapse has been reported in different countries across the globe. A simple indicator that has the potential in real time, i.e. L indicator has been used to find voltage profile at different switching condition and simulated using ANN in network reconfiguration for the improvement of voltage stability. A method for improving voltage stability in a power network comprising of multiple lines and switches has been suggested in this chapter based on system reconfiguration approach. ANN based fast and efficient methodology has been developed to obtain the optimum switching combination to achieve best voltage stability. The proposed scheme has been tested on an IEEE 14-bus system.
Identification of Helicopter Dynamics based on Flight Data using Nature Inspired Techniques
Authors: Omkar S. N. , Mudigere Dheevatsa , Senthilnath J. , Kumar M. Vijaya
Published: September 2019

The complexity of helicopter flight dynamics makes modeling and helicopter system identification a very difficult task. Most of the traditional techniques require a model structure to be defined a priori and in case of helicopter dynamics, this is difficult due to its complexity and the interplay between various subsystems. To overcome this difficulty, non-parametric approaches are commonly adopted for helicopter system identification. Artificial Neural Network are a widely used class of algorithms for non-parametric system identification, among them, the Nonlinear Auto Regressive eXogeneous input network (NARX) model is very popular, but it also necessitates some in-depth knowledge regarding the system being modelled. There have been many approaches proposed to circumvent this and yet still retain the advantageous characteristics. In this paper, the authors carry out an extensive study of one such newly proposed approach - using a modified NARX model with a II-tiered, externally driven recurrent neural network architecture. This is coupled with an outer optimization routine for evolving the order of the system. This generic architecture is comprehensively explored to ascertain its usability and critically asses its potential. Different implementations of this architecture, based on nature inspired techniques, namely, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Artificial Immune System (AIS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are evaluated and critically compared in this paper. Simulations have been carried out for identifying the longitudinally uncoupled dynamics. Results of identification indicate a quite close correlation between the actual and the predicted response of the helicopter for all the models.
New CICT Framework for Deep Learning and Deep Thinking Application
Authors: Fiorini Rodolfo A.
Published: September 2019

To achieve reliable system intelligence outstanding results, current computational system modeling and simulation community has to face and to solve two orders of modeling limitations at least. As a solution, the author proposes an exponential, pre-spatial arithmetic scheme (“all-powerful scheme”) by computational information conservation theory (CICT) to overcome the Information Double-Bind (IDB) problem and to thrive on both deterministic noise (DN) and random noise (RN) to develop powerful cognitive computational framework for deep learning, towards deep thinking applications. In a previous paper the author showed and discussed how this new CICT framework can help us to develop even competitive advanced quantum cognitive computational systems. An operative example is presented. This paper is a relevant contribution towards an effective and convenient “Science 2.0” universal computational framework to develop deeper learning and deep thinking system and application at your fingertips and beyond.
Discovering Gathering Pattern Using a Taxicab Service Rate Analysis Method based on Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Junming , Li Jinglin
Published: September 2019

Moving objects gathering pattern represents a group events or incidents that involve congregation of moving objects, enabling the analysis of traffic system. However, how to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the gathering pattern discovering method still remains as a challenging issue since the large number of moving objects will generate high volume of trajectory data. In order to address this issue, the authors propose a method to discovering the gathering pattern by analyzing the taxicab demand. This paper first introduces the concept of Taxicab Service Rate (TSR). In this method, they use the KS measures to test the distribution of TSR and calculate the mean value of the TSR of a certain time period. Then, the authors use a neural network based method Neural Network Gathering Discovering (NNGD) to detect the gathering pattern. The neural network is based on the knowledge of historical gathering pattern data. The authors have implemented their method with experiments based on real trajectory data. The results show the both effectiveness and efficiency of their method.
ePortfolios as a Tool for Integrative Learning
Authors: Boesch Becky , Reynolds Candyce , Patton Judith
Published: September 2019

ePortfolios are being used throughout the world as a way to engage students more deeply in their learning, encourage integrative learning, and provide more authentic assessment for courses, programs and institutions. While ePortfolios have great potential, instructors need to provide opportunities to create meaningful products. This chapter describes a model that provides a framework for developing classroom practices that promote integrative and deep learning. Four practices, reflection, making connections, life-long learning, and communication, serve as the base for a successful course ePortfolio assignment. Recommendations about how to introduce ePortfolios into courses and programs are offered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of recommendations for practice.
An Investigation Into the Efficacy of Deep Learning Tools for Big Data Analysis in Health Care
Authors: Priyadarshini Rojalina , Barik Rabindra K. , Panigrahi Chhabi , Dubey Harishchandra , Mishra Brojo Kishore
Published: September 2019

This article describes how machine learning (ML) algorithms are very useful for analysis of data and finding some meaningful information out of them, which could be used in various other applications. In the last few years, an explosive growth has been seen in the dimension and structure of data. There are several difficulties faced by conventional ML algorithms while dealing with such highly voluminous and unstructured big data. The modern ML tools are designed and used to deal with all sorts of complexities of data. Deep learning (DL) is one of the modern ML tools which are commonly used to find the hidden structure and cohesion among these large data sets by giving proper training in parallel platforms with intelligent optimization techniques to further analyze and interpret the data for future prediction and classification. This article focuses on the use of DL tools and software which are used in past couple of years in various areas and especially in the area of healthcare applications.
An Analysis in Tissue Classification for Colorectal Cancer Histology Using Convolution Neural Network and Colour Models
Authors: Tiwari Shamik
Published: September 2019

Computer vision-based identification of different tissue categories in histological images is a critical application of the computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD). Computer-assisted diagnosis systems support to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of this process. Traditional image classification approaches depend on feature extraction methods designed for a specific problem based on domain information. Deep learning approaches are becoming important alternatives with advance of machine learning technologies to overcome the numerous difficulties of the feature-based approaches. A method for the classification of histological images of human colorectal cancer containing seven different types of tissue using convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this article. The method is evaluated using four different colour models in absence and presence of Gaussian noise. The highest classification accuracies are achieved with HVI colour model, which is 95.8% in nonexistence and 78.5% in existence of noise respectively.
Forecasting of Electricity Demand by Hybrid ANN-PSO Models
Authors: Anand Atul , Suganthi L.
Published: September 2019

Developing economies need to invest in energy projects. Because the gestation period of the electric projects is high, it is of paramount importance to accurately forecast the energy requirements. In the present paper, the future energy demand of the state of Tamil Nadu in India, is forecasted using an artificial neural network (ANN) optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Hybrid ANN Models have the potential to provide forecasts that perform well compared to the more traditional modelling approaches. The forecasted results obtained using the hybrid ANN-PSO models are compared with those of the ARIMA, hybrid ANN-GA, ANN-BP and linear models. Both PSO and GA have been developed in linear and quadratic forms and the hybrid ANN models have been applied to five-time series. Amongst all the hybrid ANN models, ANN-PSO models are the best fit models in all the time series based on RMSE and MAPE.
Business Applications of Deep Learning
Authors: Vieira Armando
Published: September 2019

Deep Learning (DL) took Artificial Intelligence (AI) by storm and has infiltrated into business at an unprecedented rate. Access to vast amounts of data extensive computational power and a new wave of efficient learning algorithms, helped Artificial Neural Networks to achieve state-of-the-art results in almost all AI challenges. DL is the cornerstone technology behind products for image recognition and video annotation, voice recognition, personal assistants, automated translation and autonomous vehicles. DL works similarly to the brain by extracting high-level, complex abstractions from data in a hierarchical and discriminative or generative way. The implications of DL supported AI in business is tremendous, shaking to the foundations many industries. In this chapter, I present the most significant algorithms and applications, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), image and video processing and finance.
Classifying Behaviours in Videos with Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Abellan-Abenza Javier , Garcia-Garcia Alberto , Oprea Sergiu , Ivorra-Piqueres David , Garcia-Rodriguez Jose
Published: September 2019

This article describes how the human activity recognition in videos is a very attractive topic among researchers due to vast possible applications. This article considers the analysis of behaviors and activities in videos obtained with low-cost RGB cameras. To do this, a system is developed where a video is input, and produces as output the possible activities happening in the video. This information could be used in many applications such as video surveillance, disabled person assistance, as a home assistant, employee monitoring, etc. The developed system makes use of the successful techniques of Deep Learning. In particular, convolutional neural networks are used to detect features in the video images, meanwhile Recurrent Neural Networks are used to analyze these features and predict the possible activity in the video.
Depth Maps and Deep Learning for Facial Analysis
Authors: Brito Paulo C. , Carvalho Elizabeth S.
Published: September 2019

Gathering and examining progressively multi-modular sensor information of human faces is a critical issue in PC vision, with applications in examinations, entertainment, and security. However, due to the exigent nature of the problem, there is a lack of affordable and easy-to-use systems, with real-time, annotations capability, 3D analysis, replay capability and with a frame speed capable of detecting facial patterns in working behavior environments. In the context of an ongoing effort to develop tools to support the monitoring and evaluation of the human affective state in working environments, the authors investigate the applicability of a facial analysis approach to map and evaluate human facial patterns. The challenge is to interpret this multi-modal sensor data to classify it with deep learning algorithms and fulfill the following requirements: annotations capability, 3D analysis, and replay capability. In addition, the authors want to be able to continuously enhance the output result of the system with a training process in order to improve and evaluate different patterns of the human face.
Resource Scheduling and Load Balancing Fusion Algorithm with Deep Learning Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Hou Xiaojing , Zhao Guozeng
Published: September 2019

With the wide application of the cloud computing, the contradiction between high energy cost and low efficiency becomes increasingly prominent. In this article, to solve the problem of energy consumption, a resource scheduling and load balancing fusion algorithm with deep learning strategy is presented. Compared with the corresponding evolutionary algorithms, the proposed algorithm can enhance the diversity of the population, avoid the prematurity to some extent, and have a faster convergence speed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the most optimal ability of reducing energy consumption of data centers.
Discrete-Time Decentralized Inverse Optimal Higher Order Neural Network Control for a Multi-Agent Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Lopez-Franco Michel , Sanchez Edgar N. , Alanis Alma Y. , Lopez-Franco Carlos , Arana-Daniel Nancy
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents a new approach to multi- agent control of complex systems with unknown parameters and dynamic uncertainties. A key strategy is to use of neural inverse optimal control. This approach consists in synthesizing a suitable controller for each subsystem, which is approximated by an identifier based on a recurrent high order neural network (RHONN), trained with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. On the basis of this neural model and the knowledge of a control Lyapunov function, then an inverse optimal controller is synthesized to avoid solving the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation. We have adopted an omnidirectional mobile robot, KUKA youBot, as robotic platform for our experiments. Computer simulations are presented which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed tracking control law.