bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rain or snow: hydrologic processes, observations, prediction, and research needs
Authors: Harpold Adrian A. , Kaplan Michael L. , Klos P. Zion , Link Timothy , McNamara James P. , Rajagopal Seshadri , Schumer Rina , Steele Caitriana M.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The phase of precipitation when it reaches the ground is a first-order driver of hydrologic processes in a watershed. The presence of snow, rain, or mixed-phase precipitation affects the initial and boundary conditions that drive hydrological models. Despite their foundational importance to terrestrial hydrology, typical phase partitioning methods (PPMs) specify the phase based on near-surface air temperature only. Our review conveys the diversity of tools available for PPMs in hydrological modeling and the advancements needed to improve predictions in complex terrain with large spatiotemporal variations in precipitation phase. Initially, we review the processes and physics that control precipitation phase as relevant to hydrologists, focusing on the importance of processes occurring aloft. There is a wide range of options for field observations of precipitation phase, but there is a lack of a robust observation networks in complex terrain. New remote sensing observations have the potential to increase PPM fidelity, but generally require assumptions typical of other PPMs and field validation before they are operational. We review common PPMs and find that accuracy is generally increased at finer measurement intervals and by including humidity information. One important tool for PPM development is atmospheric modeling, which includes microphysical schemes that have not been effectively linked to hydrological models or validated against near-surface precipitation-phase observations. The review concludes by describing key research gaps and recommendations to improve PPMs, including better incorporation of atmospheric information, improved validation datasets, and regional-scale gridded data products. Two key points emerge from this synthesis for the hydrologic community: (1) current PPMs are too simple to capture important processes and are not well validated for most locations, (2) lack of sophisticated PPMs increases the uncertainty in estimation of hydrological sensitivity to changes in precipitation phase at local to regional scales. The advancement of PPMs is a critical research frontier in hydrology that requires scientific cooperation between hydrological and atmospheric modelers and field scientists.
Towards a tracer-based conceptualization of meltwater dynamics and streamflow response in a glacierized catchment
Authors: Penna Daniele , Engel Michael , Bertoldi Giacomo , Comiti Francesco
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Multiple water sources and the physiographic heterogeneity of glacierized catchments hamper a complete conceptualization of runoff response to meltwater dynamics. In this study, we used environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water and electrical conductivity) to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments, using the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps, as a pilot site. We analysed the controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of the tracer signature in the main stream, its selected tributaries, shallow groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt over a 3-year period. We found that stream water electrical conductivity and isotopic composition showed consistent patterns in snowmelt-dominated periods, whereas the streamflow contribution of glacier melt altered the correlations between the two tracers. By applying two- and three-component mixing models, we quantified the seasonally variable proportion of groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt at different locations along the stream. We provided four model scenarios based on different tracer signatures of the end-members; the highest contributions of snowmelt to streamflow occurred in late spring–early summer and ranged between 70 and 79 %, according to different scenarios, whereas the largest inputs by glacier melt were observed in mid-summer, and ranged between 57 and 69 %. In addition to the identification of the main sources of uncertainty, we demonstrated how a careful sampling design is critical in order to avoid underestimation of the meltwater component in streamflow. The results of this study supported the development of a conceptual model of streamflow response to meltwater dynamics in the Saldur catchment, which is likely valid for other glacierized catchments worldwide.
Stochastic consideration of relationship between occurrences of
earthquake and fluctuations in the radio wave propagation
Authors: Motojima Kuniyuki , Tanigawa Kousuke , Haga Nozomi
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Research of the geophysical electromagnetic phenomena with seismic activity is important for hazard-resistant strategy. Many papers which indicate the existence of geophysical electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes are reported frequently. Anomalous propagation in the radio waves is sometimes related with earthquakes. In previous paper, authors proposed a new concept to estimate the relation between earthquakes and anomalous line-of-sight propagation in VHF band by statistical approach. Event probability of the anomalous line-of-sight propagation increased just a few days prior to earthquakes. In this paper, we investigated a new relationship between anomalous fluctuations in the radio waves, which propagated from line-of-sight region, and occurrences of earthquake by using statistical analysis. Monitoring the strength of radio waves and detecting the anomalous fluctuations by using a new original method, we can obtain the high probability which indicates strong relation between the anomalous propagation and occurrences of earthquake. After the stochastic consideration, we can find out the anomalous fluctuations, which appear one day prior to earthquakes near the wave propagation path.
Compared impact of compost and digestate on priming effect and
hydrophobicity of soils depending on textural composition
Authors: Voelkner Amrei , Diercks Charlotte , Horn Rainer
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Anaerobically fermented digestates as well as aerobically composted organic substances (OS) are used as valuable organic fertilizers in agriculture. Besides their benefits for plant nutrition and carbon sequestration potential, these amendments are also suspected to interfere negatively with the soil matrix. To compare the relevance of digestates and compost for priming effects and water repellency of soils, a moderate (40 m3 ha−1) and a threefold (120 m3 ha−1) amount of digestate derived from mechanically pre-treated silage from 80 % maize and 20 % sugar beet or 10 t and 30 t of compost, respectively, was mixed with homogenized samples of a loamy Cambic Luvisol (Ut3) and a sandy Podzol (Ss) in a laboratory experiment. The basal respiration rate (BAS) and the repellency index (RI) of moist (pre-dried to −60 hPa) soil-digestate-mixtures (SDM) or soil-compost-mixtures (SCM) were analyzed to determine the effect of digestate and compost on microbial activity and hydrophobicity of soils. Additionally, the content of organic carbon (Corg) was investigated using air-dried and finely milled mixtures. The Ss showed quantitative reduction of Corg in the SDM and SCM and an increased BAS, which could be explained by a beginning priming effect through microbial stimulation. As a result of enhanced OS protection in the Ut3, constant amounts of Corg and a subsequent declined BAS could be detected. The wettability was reduced in both soils; directly in the Ut3 by the supply of amphiphilic components and indirectly in the Ss by increased incorporation of microbial exsudates and mucilages. The supply of higher contents of available organic compounds with digestate and higher amounts of hydrophobic humic acids applied with the compost could be assumed to be the controlling factors decisive for the impact of this amendment on soil wettability. But also the inherent textural composition of the soil controlled the microbial activity and subsequent decomposition and release processes at high degree, since the Ut3 exhibited higher incorporation of OS in finer pores and contributed to the protection against microbial decay.
Climate change threatens archaeologically significant ice patches: insights into their age, internal structure, mass balance and climate sensitivity
Authors: Ødegård Rune Strand , Nesje Atle , Isaksen Ketil , Andreassen Liss Marie , Eiken Trond , Schwikowski Margit , Uglietti Chiara
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Despite numerous spectacular archaeological discoveries worldwide related to melting ice patches and the emerging field of glacial archaeology, governing processes related to ice patch development during the Holocene and their sensitivity to climate change are still largely unexplored. Here we present new results from an extensive 6-year (2009–2015) field experiment at the Juvfonne ice patch in Jotunheimen in central southern Norway. Our results show that the ice patch has existed continuously since the late Mesolithic period. Organic-rich layers and carbonaceous aerosols embedded in clear ice show ages spanning from modern at the surface to ca. 7600 cal years BP at the bottom. This is the oldest dating of ice in mainland Norway. The expanding ice patch covered moss mats appearing along the margin of Juvfonne about 2000 years ago. During the study period, the mass balance record showed a strong negative balance, and the annual balance is highly asymmetric over short distances. Snow accumulation is poorly correlated with estimated winter precipitation, and single storm events may contribute significantly to the total winter balance. Snow accumulation is approx. 20 % higher in the frontal area compared to the upper central part of the ice patch. There is sufficient meltwater to bring the permeable snowpack to an isothermal state within a few weeks in early summer. Below the seasonal snowpack, ice temperatures are between −2 and −4 °C. Juvfonne has clear ice stratification of isochronic origin.
Brief communication: Antarctic sea ice gain does not compensate for increased solar absorption from Arctic ice loss
Authors: Katlein Christian , Hendricks Stefan , Key Jeffrey
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Here we show on the basis of the new consistent long-term observational dataset APP-x, that the observed increase of sea ice extent in the Antarctic cannot compensate for the loss of Arctic sea ice in terms of the shortwave radiation budget in the polar oceans poleward of 50° latitude. The observations show, that apart from retreating sea-ice additional effects like albedo changes and especially changing cloud coverage lead to a total increase of solar shortwave energy deposited into the polar oceans despite of the marginal increase in Antarctic winter sea ice extent.
Hypsometric amplification and routing moderation of Greenland ice
sheet meltwater release
Authors: van As Dirk , Bech Mikkelsen Andreas , Holtegaard Nielsen Morten , Box Jason , Claesson Liljedahl Lillemor , Lindbäck Katrin , Pitcher Lincoln , Hasholt Bent
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Concurrent ice sheet surface runoff and proglacial discharge monitoring are essential for understanding Greenland ice sheet meltwater release. We use an updated, well-constrained river discharge time series from Watson River in southwest Greenland, with an accurate, observation-based ice sheet surface mass balance model of the ca. 12,000 km2 ice sheet area feeding the river. For the 2006–2015 decade, we find that the large, factor of three range in interannual variability is for ca. 56 % caused by hypsometric amplification through ice sheet area increase with elevation. A good match between river discharge and ice sheet surface meltwater production is found after introducing elevation-dependent transit delays that moderate diurnal variability in meltwater release by a factor of 10–20. The routing lag time increases with ice sheet elevation and attains values in excess of one week for the upper reaches of the runoff area at ca. 1800 m above sea level. These multi-day routing delays yield that the highest proglacial discharge levels, and thus overbank flooding events, are more likely to occur after multi-day melt episodes. Finally, we conclude that there is little evidence of meltwater storage in or release from the en- and subglacial environments based on the unprecedented good match between ice sheet runoff and proglacial discharge.
Evaluation of Greenland near surface air temperature datasets
Authors: Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Zeng Xubin
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Near-surface air temperature (SAT) over Greenland has important effects on mass balance of the ice sheet, but it is unclear which SAT datasets are reliable in the region. Here extensive in-situ SAT measurements (~ 1400 station-years) are used to assess monthly mean SAT from seven global reanalysis datasets, four gridded SAT analyses, one satellite retrieval and two dynamically downscaled reanalyses. Strengths and weaknesses of these products are identified, and their biases are found to vary by season and glaciological regime. MERRA2 reanalysis overall performs best with mean absolute error less than 2 °C in all months. Ice sheet-average annual mean SAT from different datasets are highly correlated in recent decades, but their 1901–2000 trends differ even in sign. Compared with the MERRA2 climatology combined with gridded SAT analysis anomalies, thirty-one earth system model historical runs from the CMIP5 archive reach ~ 5 °C for the 1901–2000 average bias and have opposite trends for a number of sub-periods.
Joukowsky actuator disc momentum theory
Authors: van Kuik Gijs
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Actuator disc theory is the basis for most rotor design methods, be it with many extensions and engineering rules added to make it a well-established method. However, the off-design condition of a very low rotational speed Ω of the disc is still a topic for scientific discussions. Several authors have presented solutions of the associated momentum theory for actuator discs with a constant circulation, the so-called Joukowsky discs, showing the efficiency Cp → ∞ for the tip speed ratio λ → 0. The momentum balance is very sensitive to the choice of the vortex core radius δ as the pressure and velocity gradients become infinite for δ → 0. Viscous vortex cores do not show this singular behaviour so an inviscid core model is sought which removes the momentum balance sensitivity to singular flow. A vortex core with a constant δ does so. Applying this in the momentum balance results in Cp → 0 for λ → 0, instead of Cp → ∞. At the disc the velocity in the meridian plane is shown to be constant. The Joukowsky actuator disc theory is confirmed by a very good match with the numerically obtained results. It gives higher Cp values than corresponding solutions for discs with a Goldstein-based wake circulation published in literature.
Coping with functional interrelatedness and stakeholder fragmentation in planning at the infrastructure-land use interface: The potential merits of a design approach
Authors: Heeres Niels , Van Dijk Terry , Arts Jos , Tillema Taede
Published: January 2017

Road infrastructure projects are increasingly placed in their wider land-use context because of the functional relationships they have with surrounding areas. These more inclusive area-oriented planning processes typically involve a complex of interdependent but institutionally fragmented actors. Effective operationalization of collaborative strategies therefore remains difficult. Various policies introduce spatial design efforts to the infrastructure planning processes as a strategy to deal with these issues. This paper explores experiences in the Netherlands that have placed spatial design in vital positions in the process. An exploration of literature from the fields of spatial design, planning, and geography teaches us that design approaches, in such cases, may be applied to serve as a communicative modus that fosters dialogue, creativity, and eventually an inclusive and shared story about an area’s future. We interviewed designers experienced in serving that role and asked them whether and how such objectives are achieved. Consecutively, in order to come to practical lessons for exploitation of the merits indicated by the interviewees, we studied two projects that the interviewees considered best practices. We conclude that a combination of technical and relational design can effectively help a fragmented group of actors to find a shared and meaningful story and make integral choices on infrastructure projects, framed within a wider area’s development. Ensuring effective iterations between technical and relational design requires institutionalization of the coordinative capacities of design, as well as the right mindset among participants. This way, the employment of such design approaches facilitates effective operationalization of collaborative governance at the infrastructure/land-use interface.
Feedback and the use of land for parking
Authors: Lehe Lewis
Published: January 2017

Land-use patterns are often the result of feedback effects in which one agent's decision both influences and is influenced by urban form. This paper argues that such feedback---of a positive or negative kind---could plausibly arise in the provision of off-street parking. A stylized model is used to illustrate feedback in the case of bundled parking, to note how such feedback may change a neighborhood in the long run and to analyze several policies. A theme is that feedback opens the door to surprising effects that are hard to predict from the status quo.
Synergistic neighborhood relationships with travel behavior: An analysis of travel in 30,000 US neighborhoods
Authors: Voulgaris Carole Turley , Taylor Brian D. , Blumenberg Evelyn , Brown Anne , Ralph Kelcie
Published: January 2017

A now substantial body of literature finds that land use and urban form have a statistically significant, albeit relatively modest, effect on travel behavior. Some scholars have suggested that various built-environment characteristics influence travel more in concert than when considered in isolation. Yet few previous studies have combined built-environment measures to create holistic descriptions of the overall character of neighborhoods, and fewer still have related these neighborhoods to residents’ travel decisions. To address this gap in the literature, we develop a typology of seven distinct neighborhood types by applying factor analysis and then cluster analysis to a set of 20 variables describing built-environment characteristics for most census tracts in the United States. We then include these neighborhood types in a set of multivariate regression models to estimate the effect of neighborhood type on the travel behavior of neighborhood residents, controlling for an array of personal and household characteristics. We find relatively little variation in the number of daily trips among neighborhood types, but there is substantial neighborhood variation in both person miles of travel and mode choice. Travel by residents of one particular neighborhood type is notably distinguished from all others by a very low number of miles traveled, little solo driving, and high transit use. However, this neighborhood type is found almost exclusively in just a few very large metropolitan areas, and its replicability is uncertain.
How do socio-demographics and built environment affect individual accessibility based on activity space? Evidence from Greater Cleveland, Ohio
Authors: Chen Na , Akar Gulsah
Published: January 2017

Since the early 2000s, accessibility-based planning has been increasingly used to mitigate urban problems (e.g., traffic congestion and spatial mismatch) from a sustainable perspective. In particular, the concept of accessibility has been applied to investigate transport exclusion in many studies. However, few of them shed light on the effects of socio-demographics (e.g., income and gender) and the built environment (e.g., density) on accessibility at the individual level as a measure of transport exclusion. This study measures individual accessibility as the opportunities available per square mile within individual daily activity space for evaluating transport exclusion status based on the Capability Approach. Using data from the 2012 Northeast Ohio Regional Travel Survey and two opportunity sets (land uses and jobs), we calculate individual accessibility and compare them across three income groups. The comparisons report that low-income people are not disadvantaged in our study region. Path models are estimated to examine the relationships between socio-demographics, built environment, trip characteristics, and individual accessibility. We apply K-means cluster analysis to construct seven neighborhood types for the built environment. The results indicate that the effect of income on accessibility varies by opportunity types and living in urbanized neighborhoods increases people’s accessibility after controlling for other characteristics.
A model of the rise and fall of roads
Authors: Zhang Lei , Levinson David M
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes the relationship between network supply and travel demand and describes a road development and degeneration mechanism microscopically at the link (road-segment) level. A simulation model of transportation network dynamics is developed, involving iterative evolution of travel demand patterns, network revenue policies, cost estimation, and investment rules. The model is applied to a real-world congesting network for Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota (Twin Cities), which comprises nearly 8000 nodes and more than 20,000 links, using network data collected since 1978. Four experiments are carried out with different initial conditions and constraints, the results of which allow us to explore model properties such as computational feasibility, qualitative implications, potential calibration procedures, and predictive value. The hypothesis that road hierarchy is an emergent property of transportation networks is corroborated and the underlying reasons discovered. Spatial distribution of capacity, traffic flow, and congestion in the transportation network is tracked over time. Potential improvements to the model, in particular, and future research directions in transportation network dynamics, in general, are also discussed.
Viewpoint: The aerotropolis: Urban sustainability perspectives from the regional city
Authors: Banai Reza
Published: January 2017

The aerotropolis—a metropolitan region with cities that capitalize on proximity to a globally networked economy’s airport—is regarded as the twenty-first century’s new urban-development paradigm. Similarly, the regional city—a polycentric metropolitan region with linked mixed-use centers, multi-modal corridors, multi-functional districts, and natural preserves—is regarded as an urban form of the future with global and local advantage. In this paper, the building blocks of the regional city, which are increasingly regarded as principles of a durable urbanism, inform a multi-criteria framework toward a sustainability assessment of the aerotropolis-built form. The implications for the redevelopment of a North American city as an aerotropolis are noted. The paper concludes with an expansive discussion of the sustainable urban form of the future
Correlation Model of Delay in Project Management
Authors: Altahtooh Umar
Published: January 2017

Time errors are still a new concept in the field of project management, so there is a need to discover where they can happen throughout the project lifecycle. The previous research on this area is conceptual in nature and restricted to the definition and causes of time errors. This paper seeks to find the correlations between uncertainty and delay, between time errors and delay, and between uncertainty and time errors. It also seeks to find where exactly time errors can occur during the 47 project management processes identified in the PMBOK guide. Data were gathered using a survey of 40 project managers and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS. The findings show that there are relationships among the studied variables. Time errors can occur in any of the five groups of project management processes, with varying rates. The outcomes introduce a picture for main stakeholders in project management to avoid the occurrence of time errors as far as possible in project management processes.
Critical Thinking among Pre-service Teacher Trainees: A Review Using 5 –Step Framework
Authors: Moalosi Smitta , Mgawi R.K. , Moeti B.
Published: January 2017

Critical thinking has been perceived as a critical and important skill by educators, although it is not clear how useful it can be when incorporated in the college curriculum. The job market and education in general view critical thinking as an essential skill at work and during training. Apart from subject competencies, higher learning institutions (HLIs) are challenged to produce graduates that can think critically. The focus of this paper is to examine responses of Postgraduate Diploma of Education Students (PGDE) on critical thinking in relation to the 5 Step- Framework. A qualitative research was conducted at the University of Botswana and data was collected through one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions among 59 students. The discussion in this paper is a comparison of the responses of PGDE students on their views of critical thinking and 5 Step – Model. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data and findings revealed that, the PGDE students lacked critical thinking abilities during their training. Among other strategies, teacher methods and techniques were identified as factors that influenced critical thinking among the students. The participants also cited curriculum design and lack of motivation as creating a negative impact on their ability to think critically. Review of literature on factors influence critical thinking indicated that, in many cases lecturers have concentrated on subject matter and course content instead of methods and techniques that can help develop critical thinking skills on students. Further, the literature review shows the need to develop models, innovations, methods and techniques that can promote critical thinking among college students.
Consumption of Energy and Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Azizi Ridha
Published: January 2017

Extend the life of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a fundamental challenge, as they have a limited supply. Multiple protocols and approaches have been proposed to minimize power consumption. Routing protocols and especially the hierarchical approach is one of the techniques used to minimize energy consumption and to improve the duration of network life. In this paper we propose a new approach to transfer and select the CH (Cluster Head). ART-LEACH (Advanced Routing Transfer- Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a self-organizing protocol based on clustering. Our approach is to use energy more evenly the selected nodes as CH. We evaluated the performance of LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and IB-LEACH (Improved and Balanced Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol with the proposed new approach using MATLAB as a simulation tool. The simulation results showed that our proposal provides a reduction in energy consumption and increase the duration of network life.
A Reliable Wireless System for Water Quality Monitoring and Level Control
Authors: Khaleeq Hyder , Abou-ElNour Ali , Tarique Mohammed
Published: January 2017

With the ever increasing growth in population water quality monitoring has become a critical issue in the recent years. Water quality monitoring is very important for aquaculture, waste water management, drinking water treatment, water distribution system, and other environmental applications. Recently numerous researchers have been initiated to build wireless system for water quality monitoring (WSWQM). The two fold objectives of WSWQM are (a) monitoring of water quality from a remote location with minimum supervision, and (b) initiating immediate corrective actions to maintain the required water quality standard. In this paper we present a system model for WSWQM. In this system we integrate a number of sensors, transmitters, receiver, myRIO microcontroller, and IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi technology. The sensors generate water quality data including pH, conductivity, and temperature. The real-time data are then sent wirelessly to a local control unit for analyzing, recording, and displaying. The system is also able to send alarm messages automatically to a remote management center when water quality fails to meet the required standard. In order to ensure high accuracy and reliability we use industry standard sensors and instruments to implement this system.
Transformación en la estructura familiar y el capital social como parte de las estrategias adaptativas en Malacatoya, Boaco
Authors: Torres Obando Joseph Orlando
Published: January 2017

Este artículo busca el discernimiento de cuáles son las estrategias adaptativas interiorizadas por el campesinado del territorio de Malacatoya. Para llevar a cabo el proceso de investigación se elaboró una metodología que combinó la etnografía con la estadística descriptiva y el análisis de caso. A partir del planteamiento teórico que el campesinado, por presión proveniente del sistema dominante, requiere optar por diferentes estrategias adaptativas se llegó a comprobar que: al tener más de la mitad de los campesinos del territorio acceso a la tierra, la pluriactividad es baja; la estructura de la unidad familiar se configura en un número mínimo de miembros para favorecer el auto-consumo; y los mecanismos culturales como “la mano vuelta”, constituyen el capital social que complementa el capital económico faltante en las familias.
Modelos de desarrollo rural, la experiencia en Nicaragua
Authors: Amaya López Ana Lissette
Published: January 2017

Está investigación ha pretendido un breve recorrido en torno a la experiencia nacional, en esa búsqueda continua del desarrollo de un sector de la población altamente vulnerable, no sólo desde la perspectiva ambiental, sino socio económica, el sector rural del país, y dentro de él, los pequeños y medianos productores rurales. Para ello, se consultó una diversidad de documentos, teóricos y de resultados que existen tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. El tema no está concluido es apenas un leve vistazo a lo desarrollado a nivel nacional. Los resultados de cada una de las experiencias implementados, han sido débilmente plasmados, y poco compartidos. Se abre así un gran reto, iniciar el proceso de evaluación real de los alcances en el tiempo que cada una de ellas ha tenido. Las líneas compartidas a través de estas páginas, podrían ser un inicio
Actores y escenarios en la re-formulación de la política de ciencia tecnología e innovación en Nicaragua
Authors: Lopez Mario Ramon
Published: January 2017

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar  la constelación de actores y sus correlaciones de fuerzas para la construcción o reformulación de la Política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en Nicaragua. Se ha utilizado la investigación documental y  análisis histórico  aplicando el software de investigación cualitativa MAXQDA.  El proceso de formación y diseño de política de innovación  en el país acusa un lento proceso de implementación y el aprendizaje empírico proveniente iniciativas de innovación implementadas esporádicamente hasta el año 2016 no realimentan la nueva formulación de política. Las experiencias de innovación  hasta ahora  encapsuladas en el país requieren un  escalamiento y su potencial para aprender de las fuentes de innovación en el estado actual de proceso de innovación en Nicaragua es clave para la formación de políticas. También se ha encontrado que el país hay una “ruido” conceptual sobre innovación, y sistemas de innovación y los actores no llegan aun a establecer un conceso para  la construcción de la política de CTI de Nicaragua y del sistema nacional de innovación (SNI). Se concluye que el modelo gubernamental de crear dialogo, consenso y alianza es una oportunidad  a tomar  por los actores involucrados
Juventud entre la ruralidad y la rurbanidad. San Isidro Libertador y su proceso de transformación física-cultural
Authors: Ayala Monge Iván Antonio
Published: January 2017

Como objetivo central se planteó el analizar el cambio en la cultura de los jóvenes que habitan el contexto en rurbanización de la comarca San Isidro Libertador, ubicada en el distrito III del municipio de Managua. Se emplearon métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para la recopilación e interpretación de los datos. Como la Etnografía, la estadística descriptiva y la etnohistoria, levantando entrevistas y encuestas a 20 jóvenes y adultos de la comarca, durante el periodo de 2015 a 2016 para obtener datos demográficos y conocer la percepción de los jóvenes sobre el modo de vida rural. Como principal resultado se obtuvo que la percepción de los jóvenes ha sufrido cambios, que pueden ser interpretados como una consecuencia de la expansión urbana de la ciudad de Managua hacia la comarca, alterando el paisaje y composición de la comarca ya que se trata de un proceso de rurbanización. A pesar de los cambios ocasionados por la rurbanización existen sectores dentro de la comarca que resisten a estos cambios, fortaleciendo sus identidades territoriales. Esto tiene un efecto sobre los jóvenes, puesto que conviven con estos sectores y conocimientos sobre los modos de vida rural tradicionales de la comarca.
Factores económicos y sociales que inciden en el comercio informal del mercado Israel Lewites, Managua
Authors: Aburto Espinoza José Bismark
Published: January 2017

El estudio pretende analizar los factores económicos y sociales que inciden en el crecimiento del comercio informal en el mercado Israel Lewites de Managua.   Es una investigación descriptiva.  Entre las causas principales del crecimiento del comercio informal en el Mercado Israel Lewites están la carencia de empleo fijo, falta de experiencia laboral, matrimonio y maternidades precoces, discriminación en el caso de las mujeres, la educación es el factor más importante, ya que se ha identificado que la mayoría de las personas no lograron terminar los estudios de secundaria.
Nicaragua Indicadores demográficos, estimaciones 2016
Authors: Canales Ricardo José , Morales Rivas Oliver
Published: January 2017

El estudio se basa en la estimación de los principales indicadores demográficos de Nicaragua. Es un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Los indicadores corresponden al año 2016.  Índices de Friz y Burgdöfer indica que la población en Nicaragua es relativamente joven, la edad media es de 23 años y la mediana de 19 años.  Por cada persona activa a punto de salir, hay 6 personas a punto de entrar que lo reemplazara.  Existen 6 personas que pueden hacerse cargo de una persona mayor de 65 años
Estrategias de política económica dirigidas al sector ganadero. 2010-2015
Authors: Lara Benavides Rebeca Saray , Castillo Lazo Yeltin Vanessa
Published: January 2017

El objetivo del escrito es analizar los impactos sectoriales de las estrategias de política económica dirigidas al sector ganadero de Nicaragua. Así pues, para efectos de desarrollo del estudio investigativo se ha recurrido al método de análisis-síntesis que ha permitido observar, comprender, explicar y valorar las estrategias de política implementadas en el sector pecuario de Nicaragua entre 2010 y 2015. De ahí que se induzca que tales ordenanzas han logrado cumplir en gran medida los objetivos de crecimiento del sector e incremento de su productividad. No obstante, deben redirigirse acciones para dinamizar ciertas actividades pertenecientes al sector como la porcina, a la cual no se destinan recursos suficientes para su desarrollo. Paralelamente, cabe destacar el elevado potencial que representa este sector para contribuir a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), por su incidencia en los sistemas alimentarios, económicos y ambientales; sin embargo, éste está siendo subutilizado. Por ello, se propone intervenir en los desafíos de la producción pecuaria e identificar nuevas herramientas y mejores políticas para el desarrollo de la ganadería sostenible en el territorio.
Decisões civilizatórias e campo ambiental: a norma como parte do emaranhado
Authors: Fadul David Malheiro , Souza-Lima José Edmilson de
Published: January 2017

Este artigo enquadra-se no diálogo ambiental contemporâneo, a partir do campo jurídico, com considerações epistemológicas e metodológicas. Toma-se o campo ambiental como ponto de partida para explorar as contribuições e limites do campo jurídico nesse diálogo, à luz da escola do Realismo Jurídico. A ideia-força deste artigo é explorar a real influência do Direito sobre a sociedade e investigar se é possível promover mudança socioambiental por meio de mudanças na legislação. Essa pergunta penetra o campo ambiental através dos conceitos de “emaranhado” e “decisão civilizatória”. Conclui-se que as diferentes correntes epistêmicas oferecem diferentes soluções à crise ambiental e que, a partir do Realismo Jurídico, o Direito pode ser visto como imbricado no emaranhado.
Etnoentomologia em comunidade rural do cerrado piauiense
Authors: Bomfim Brunna Laryelle Silva , Fonseca Filho Irineu Campêlo da , Farias Juliana Cardozo de , França Solange Maria de , Barros Roseli Farias Melo de , Silva Paulo Roberto Ramalho
Published: January 2017

Os insetos apresentam extrema importância para a natureza, porém são muitas vezes percebidos de forma negativa. Tendo isso em vista, objetivou-se avaliar a percepção e o uso deles pela população da comunidade Sussuapara, em Nazaré do Piauí, no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram entrevistados 89 moradores, por meio do emprego de formulários semiestruturados. Para a coleta dos insetos, foram deixados potes com os entrevistados. A análise dos dados se deu de forma quantitativa. O nível de fidelidade (FL), a prioridade de ordenamento (ROP) e o valor de importância (IVs) foram calculados para as espécies com uso medicinal e espécies citadas como pragas. Para os entrevistados, o etnodomínio “inseto” é composto de 49 organismos, constituídos por animais nem sempre classificados sistematicamente na classe Insecta. O uso de insetos se restringiu a categoria medicinal, sendo apontado o mel de abelha (produto de inseto) em 93% das entrevistas (FL = 0,93, ROP = 0,9). Na categoria “alimentos”, o mel é o único produto utilizado. A comunidade reconhece como pragas insetos que causam apenas danos na lavoura, destacando a lagarta (Lepidoptera) (IVs = 0,9) e a formiga (Hymenoptera) (IVs = 0,7) como principais pragas agrícolas e utilizando exclusivamente inseticidas sintéticos no seu controle. A percepção negativa a respeitos dos insetos aliada à ausência do conhecimento, pela comunidade, acerca da importância deles na natureza fortalece ações agressivas contra tais animais.
Sistemas tradicionais de manejo de sementes crioulas e o cenário brasileiro de proteção de variedades e certificação de orgânicos: estudo de caso da Rede Agroecológica Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Proença Mariana Luiz , Coelho-de-Souza Gabriela
Published: January 2017

Os sistemas tradicionais de manejo das sementes crioulas vêm sofrendo transformações em face do atual cenário brasileiro de proteção de cultivares e certificações de orgânicos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se discutir a vulnerabilidade desses sistemas diante dos marcos legais que legitimam e empoderam o sistema formal de sementes e que impõem exigências para os processos de certificação de produtos orgânicos, a partir do estudo de caso do Organismo Participativo de Avaliação da Conformidade Orgânica, vinculado à Associação dos Produtores da Rede Agroecológica Metropolitana (Opac-Rama) de Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul. Percebe-se que, apesar da forte pressão que a legislação de proteção de cultivares exerce sobre os processos de autonomia dos agricultores, buscando mantê-los dentro de um sistema hegemônico de produção convencional, a atual legislação de orgânicos está incentivando a retomada do manejo de sementes crioulas. Portanto, os direitos dos agricultores aos seus conhecimentos e práticas de manejo de suas sementes crioulas estão resistindo e buscando se viabilizar, fortalecendo, assim, os processos agroecológicos.
Dos desastres do desenvolvimento ao desenvolvimento dos desastres: a expressão territorial da vulnerabilidade
Authors: Ludwig Leandro , Mattedi Marcos Antônio
Published: January 2017

O texto aborda o tema da relação entre desastre e desenvolvimento regional, com o objetivo de examinar o debate teórico e empírico sobre as relações entre desenvolvimento e desastre. Argumenta que os desastres podem ser considerados uma indicação de desenvolvimento: quanto maior o impacto dos desastres numa região, menos sustentável é o padrão predominante de desenvolvimento. Para desenvolver esse argumento o texto foi dividido em quatro partes principais: a) padrões globais de vulnerabilidade a desastres; b) a relação entre desenvolvimento e desastres; c) impactos territoriais dos desastres; e d) considerações finais.
Os fatores de repercussão da cadeia produtiva do dendê no desenvolvimento local do Baixo Tocantins
Authors: Ferreira Vanilda Araújo , Santana Antônio Cordeiro , Ravena Nírvia , Oliveira Cyntia Meireles
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os fatores econômicos, sociais e ambientais produzidos pelo “agronegócio do dendê (Elaeis guianensis Jacq.)”, a partir da integração da agricultura familiar à atividade, avaliando seus efeitos sobre a dinâmica do desenvolvimento local no Baixo Tocantins. As informações foram coletadas em pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos sociais vinculados à cadeia. Os resultados revelaram que a governança da cadeia, a sustentabilidade social, a sustentabilidade ambiental, a mudança climática e a qualificação técnica são os fatores que repercutem negativamente sobre a organização do espaço econômico, social e ambiental das famílias agricultoras. Os fatores latentes identificados permitiram construir o Índice de Sustentabilidade do Desenvolvimento Local (ISDL) para avaliar o grau de influência da atividade na configuração da qualidade de vida das pessoas. O ISDL evidenciou a incapacidade do dendê de tornar-se a alternativa socioeconômica e ambiental capaz de gerar emprego, renda e melhoria na qualidade de vida das populações locais.
Classificação dos cenários costeiros de praias da Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana Crystina Rocha de , Scherer Marinez Eymael Garcia , Anfuso Giorgio , Almeida Fabricio Basílio de , Diederichsen Sereno DuPrey , Williams Allan
Published: January 2017

Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, apresenta uma diversidade de ambientes costeiros naturais, além de diversas intervenções humanas e potencialidades de exploração do turismo. No entanto, um uso intenso e desordenado pode acarretar a diminuição da qualidade dos ambientes costeiros, principalmente das praias. Para entender o tipo de uso das praias e sua eventual perda de qualidade e atratividade cênica, um estudo de caso foi desenvolvido em praias arenosas da costa N, NE, SE e S da Ilha de Santa Catarina. Foi utilizada a metodologia de análise do estado do cenário costeiro para identificar a atratividade cênica dessas praias. De acordo com a aplicação da metodologia de Ergin et al. (2006), uma classificação estética/cênica pôde ser atingida, sendo que suas classes, em ordem crescente (de 1 a 5), variam de praias naturais mais atraentes até as urbano-consolidadas menos atraentes. Das 25 praias estudas, apenas três (12%) foram classificadas como classe 1: Lagoinha do Leste, Naufragados e Matadeiro, ou seja, foram as únicas praias consideradas naturais, altamente atraentes e com elevados valores paisagísticos. Essas praias foram caracterizadas como trechos de orlas naturais, com atividades compatíveis com a preservação das características e funções físico-naturais. Outros 88% (22 praias) apresentaram sua paisagem natural modificada de alguma forma, concretizando trechos de orlas em processo de urbanização ou urbano-consolidados, sendo mais da metade das praias enquadrada como classe 4 (24%) e 5 (28%). Essas praias (13 no total) foram consideradas de baixa qualidade paisagística, isto é, tiveram suas paisagens avaliadas como pouco ou muito pouco atraentes, com baixo valor paisagístico e urbanizadas. Tais praias apresentam de médio a alto adensamento de construções e população residente, com paisagens modificadas pela atividade humana, multiplicidade de usos e alto potencial de poluição sanitária, estética e visual. Assim, praias com fácil acesso e intervenções humanas estão perdendo, ou já perderam, sua atratividade cênica, sendo, portanto, necessárias ações de planejamento e gestão para minimizar os danos e/ou restaurar os ambientes costeiros.
O jogo Banco Imobiliário Sustentável e os conceitos de educação para a sustentabilidade na infância
Authors: Mendes Michel , Panozzo Neiva Senaide Petry
Published: January 2017

A infância é compreendida como o momento do brincar, do jogar, da brincadeira, do lúdico como experiência para a formação das primeiras experiências com outras crianças, de aquisição e aprimoramento da linguagem e orientação à aquisição de comportamentos. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o jogo Banco Imobiliário Sustentável, de acordo com as três dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável, refletindo sobre sua utilização para o público infantil na perspectiva de uma educação para a sustentabilidade. Para orientar as discussões e possibilitar o atendimento ao objetivo do presente trabalho, estruturaram-se quatro perguntas norteadoras: de acordo com as três dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável – dimensão econômica, meio ambiente e social – estruturadas pela UNESCO, quais são contempladas pelo jogo Banco Imobiliário Sustentável e como estão abordadas?; que tipo de capitalismo pode emergir do jogo: o capitalismo industrial ou natural?; que percepção de infância subjaz ao jogo?; e é possível pensar em uma educação para a sustentabilidade a partir da proposta do jogo Banco Imobiliário Sustentável? Os resultados alcançados pela pesquisa, de natureza teórica e exploratória, revelam que as três dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável são contempladas pelo jogo e apresentam interseções relevantes para a compreensão da complexidade que envolve a vida. No entanto, pensar em uma educação para a sustentabilidade, da maneira como o jogo está estruturado, é inviável, a menos que um profissional atue como mediador durante o jogo e possa reorganizar a estratégia basilar desse produto cultural.
Produção de mel nos biomas Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal, em Mato Grosso, no período de 2002 a 2011
Authors: Ferreira Jennifer Oberger , Galbiati Carla , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Miranda Mirian Raquel da Silva
Published: January 2017

A apicultura é uma atividade econômica que utiliza o ambiente natural, sem desflorestar, e promove o serviço de polinização de espécies cultivadas em ambiente antrópico. Objetivou-se analisar a produção de mel nos biomas mato-grossenses Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal, no período 2002 a 2011. As informações de produção de mel por município foram obtidas em bancos de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A delimitação dos municípios por bioma foi definida de acordo com o IBGE. A produção de mel foi maior na Amazônia, com 46,88% da produção estadual, e houve a participação de 58 municípios desse bioma; o Cerrado produziu 42% do mel do Estado, com a participação de 50 municípios produtores; e o Pantanal, por sua vez, produziu 10,82% do mel, com oito municípios. Conclui-se que os biomas mato-grossenses apresentaram potencial apícola, com maior capacidade produtiva no Pantanal, devido à maior produtividade.