bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic Life Support Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude among Dental Students in Davangere City, Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bindu A Suma , Sushanth V Hirekalmath , Imranulla Mohamed
Published: September 2017

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, heart disease is the world's largest killer claiming 17.5 million lives every year. Every 29 seconds, an Indian dies of heart problem. It is important that every member of our community including dental practitioners be trained in high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as it is a basic medical skill, which can save many lives if implemented timely.

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine basic life support (BLS) knowledge, awareness, and attitude among clinical dental students (III and IV year students), interns, and postgraduate students in the dental colleges of Davangere city, Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a close-ended, validated questionnaire comprising 17 questions pertaining to demographic details, knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward BLS among clinical dental students in Davangere city. Descriptive, chi-squared test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.

Results

After excluding the incomplete response forms, the data were analyzed for 495 responders with a response rate of 96.6%. In the present study, only 23.2% of the responders answered that the rate of chest compression is 100/minute in adults and children and 62.2% of the students were not aware of Heimlich maneuver. About 68.5% students had not attended previous BLS workshops.

Conclusion

The present study highlights that the overall knowledge, awareness, and attitude among dental students regarding BLS is not satisfactory in Davangere. This study emphasizes the fact that undergraduate course in dentistry must be regularly updated on the knowledge and skills regarding BLS along with practical courses.

How to cite this article

Bindu AS, Sushanth VH, Kumar PGN, Prashant GM, Imranulla M. Basic Life Support Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude among Dental Students in Davangere City, Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Study. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):23-28.
A New Resource Management Scheme for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Authors: De Renesse Ronan , Friderikos Vasilis , Aghvami Hamid
Published: September 2017

Ad hoc and sensor networks have received tremendous attention in the recent literature due to its unpredictable nature and its many applications. Imposing any kind of reliability in such networks represents a real challenge. In this paper, we propose a new resource management scheme which virtually reserves and releases resources at the network layer when necessary. Results show that our scheme distributes resources efficiently between Best Effort and Quality of Service traffics even when congestion arises.
What's Ahread in High-Speed Wireless Data Communications? The Future Will Be Better Tomorrow - And Different Than What We've Been Expecting
Authors: Foty Daniel , Runge Klaus
Published: September 2017

The present situation in high-speed wireless data communications is examined. While there is growing demand for wireless bandwidth, the most pressing problem affecting this situation today is the attempt to increase bandwidth by using the same technology with tricks - rather than by using innovation. Opportunities for innovation are quite good with higher carrier frequencies, since these enable simplicity and low power consumption and opening the door to truly portable wireless peer-to-peer (WP2P) networking. Numerous challenges exist in technology and design methods; however, meeting these intellectual challenges is the only route to new and exciting wireless data technologies.
Secure Mobile IP with HIP Style Handshaking and Readdressing for public-key based IP network
Authors: So Yick Hon Joseph , Wang Jidong , Chandra Deddy
Published: September 2017

Mobile IP allows a mobile node to roam into a

foreign IP network without losing its connection with its

peer. Mobile IPv6 uses Route Optimization to improve the routing performance by avoiding the triangle routing problem and adopting Return Routability as a secure process for binding update. Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is an experimental security protocol which provides mobility management and multi-homing with new namespace. HIP has a similar architecture to the Mobile IP with Route Optimization. In this paper, we introduce a Secure Mobile IP with HIP Style Handshaking and Readdressing (SMIP), which provides stronger security, better performance and

lower binding cost than Mobile IPv6 does in binding update process. The dependency of the home agent in the new scheme is dramatically decreased. The initiated scheme integrates the primary features of two completely different mobility management solutions and sets up a migration path from mobile-IP based solution to a public-key based solution in mobile IP networks.
A Chain Oriented Data Collection Protocol for Energy-Aware and Delay-Constrained WSN
Authors: Tabassum Nahdia , Mamun Quazi Ehsanul Kabir , Haque Ahsanul A K M , Urano Yoshiyori
Published: September 2017

Energy awareness plays an important role in

developing routing protocol for the battery powered wireless sensor networks. As the replacement of the battery is often unfeasible in practical situations, we present here an optimal solution for the maximum utilization of precious available energy at the same time trying to minimize the latency in data delivery. We propose to form hierarchical chains with deployed sensors to collect information from a

target field where data get fused at every node level before transmitted finally. Our protocol utilizes the higher energy nodes for more frequent long distance transmissions so that the energy expenditure become even between all nodes in the network irrespective of their physical locations. It has been found in our simulation that this protocol outperforms other hierarchical protocols like LEACH and PEGASIS in both the cases of energy consumption and time requirements respectively. It has been also found that the overall lifetime of the sensor network also increases in our protocol.
Encryption Efficiency Analysis and Security Evaluation of RC6 Block Cipher for Digital Images
Authors: Faragallah Osama Salah , Ahmed Hossam El-din Hussien , Ahmed Hossam El-din Hussien , Ahmed Hossam El-din Hussien , Kalash Hamdy Mohamed , Kalash Hamdy Mohamed , Kalash Hamdy Mohamed
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the encryption efficiency of RC6 block cipher application to digital

images, providing a new mathematical measure for encryption efficiency, which we will call the

encryption quality instead of visual inspection, The encryption quality of RC6 block cipher is investigated

among its several design parameters such as word size, number of rounds, and secret key length and

the optimal choices for the best values of such design parameters are given. Also, the security analysis

of RC6 block cipher for digital images is investigated from strict cryptographic viewpoint. The security

estimations of RC6 block cipher for digital images against brute-force, statistical, and differential attacks

are explored. Experiments are made to test the security of RC6 block cipher for digital images against

all aforementioned types of attacks. Experiments and results verify and prove that RC6 block cipher is

highly secure for real-time image encryption from cryptographic viewpoint. Thorough experimental tests

are carried out with detailed analysis, demonstrating the high security of RC6 block cipher algorithm. So,

RC6 block cipher can be considered to be a real-time secure symmetric encryption for digital images.
Copyright Transfer Form
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

Copyright to all papers to be published by the AJICT must be first transfered to the Journal by filling and sending this form to the Editor-in-Chief.
Author Guidelines
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for AJICT publications. Use this document as a template if you are using pdf and Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.
Guideline for Preparation of AJICT Papers
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

This guideline should be used for preparing papers to be submitted to the AJICT for review and publication.
Gudeline for Authors
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for AJICT. This version is a slight adaptation of an IEEE version. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column. Do not insert page numbers. Page numbers will be inserted by the editors. Once your paper is accepted final copies must be submitted online as Rich Text AND pdf as well.
Algorithm of Remote Monitoring ECG Using Mobile Phone: Conception and Implementation
Authors: Merzougui Rachid, , Feham Mohammed
Published: September 2017

Researches in the medical remote monitoring at home have taken a great consideration and care in wireless

communication these last years.

The set of these researches is linked to the aging population and lack of infrastructures of reception for persons

exposed to accident’s risks in their daily life or degradation of their health in short time. The principal objective is

to permit a taking off for medical and social dependant people as aged ones, handicapped, in order to the

adaptation with their environment domestically and make up their incapacities. In this case, it is indispensable to

make a diagnostic in a real time and managed really the given data of patients between medical actors with the

permanent security insurance of highly risky patients.

Furthermore, the need to make a speed diagnostic of patients and to detect their health state with efficacy

permits the gain of time in their taking off.

The stakes of setting up such systems are numerous, so much for patients, medical staff and the society

generally. So, it is useful to detect and prevent the occurrence of critical situations of a person at home, implying

the transmission of message and alarms to actors concerned and ready to intervene in case of necessity.

Our attention has been focused on the choice of a relevant work. It concerns an application on a mobile terminal

(MIDlet) for monitoring patient in a non-hospital setting. This paper recalls a complete architecture of an

economic wireless transmission system with the implementation of an effective algorithm, adapted to the mobile

terminal, allowing to the doctor to have the results of analysis of ECG data wirelessly.
Statistical validation of physiological indicators for non-invasive and hybrid driver drowsiness detection system
Authors: Zilberg Eugene , Xu Zheng Ming , Burton David , Karrar Murad , Lal Saroj
Published: September 2017

A hybrid system for detecting driver

drowsiness was examined by using piezofilm movement

sensors integrated into the car seat, seat belt and steering

wheel. Statistical associations between increase in the

driver drowsiness and the non-invasive and conventional

physiological indicators were investigated. Statistically

significant associations were established for the analysed

physiological indicators – car seat movement magnitude

and (electroencephalogram) EEG alpha band power

percentage. All of the associastions were physiologically

plausible with increase in probability of drowsiness

associated with increases in the EEG alpha band power

percentage and reduction in the seat movement

magnitude. Adding a non-invasive measure such as seat

movement magnitude to any combination of the EEG

derived physiological predictors always resulted in

improvement of associations. These findings can serve as

a foundation for designing the vehicle-based fatigue

countermeasure device as well as highlight potential

difficulties and limitations of detection algorithm for such

devices.
System for Detection of Vital Signals with an Embedded System
Authors: Chetty Maheswari Arumugam
Published: September 2017

Rapid advancement in the field of Embedded Systems and Wireless communications has permitted development of Revolutionary Medical Monitoring Systems and thus improving the lifestyle of patients. The system captures and analyzes the ECG signals in real time through a low cost embedded development board. The system can detect cardiac abnormalities with high precision. One of the objectives at the time of building the proposed system has been to optimize the resources, memory size and communication costs.
Protective Effects of Açai in Combination with Vitamin C against Aluminum-Induced Toxicity in Rat Liver
Authors: Ahmed Nevien Mahmoud , A. M. Hamaad Fatma
Published: September 2017

Aluminum is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases. Açai has recently emerged as a natural source of antioxidants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Açai in combination with vitamin C against the aluminum chloride induced toxicity. Seventy rats were divided into 7 groups:- Group (GP) 1: control group, GP 2: treated with AlCl3, GP 3: treated with Açai, GP 4: treated with vitamin C, GP 5: treated with AlCl3 and Açai , GP 6: treated with AlCl3 and vitamin C, GP 7: treated with AlCl3, Açai and vitamin C. After 4 weeks, blood and liver specimens were collected to evaluate biochemical alterations and hepatic antioxidant and inflammatory parameters. AlCl3 treatment decreased liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase), tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 while hepatic malondialdehyde was elevated. In contrast, hepatic glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase were decreased. Açai and vitamin C treatment improved the adverse effects induced by AlCl3, while co-administration with vitamin C promoted the action of açai on hepatic damage and antioxidant parameters. Açai showed a protective effect against AlCl3 induced toxicity, particularly in combination with vitamin C.
Inculcar a seriedade mediante a alegria: um estudo das comemorações escolares no campo educacional (finais do século XIX e início do XX)
Authors: Cândido Renata Marcílio , Catani Denice Barbara
Published: September 2017

O artigo pretende analisar a construção do objeto festas no campo educacional, especialmente da história da educação, em sua multiplicidade de configurações, atentando não somente para a genealogia do evento no contexto escolar e a maneira pela qual o mesmo participou da organização de uma cultura própria da escola, mas também para as suas contribuições no processo de consolidação do campo em um contexto de organização do sistema público e estatal de ensino do Estado de São Paulo. A análise do evento beneficia-se de fontes como os periódicos educacionais da época (final do século XIX e início do XX) e da legislação de ensino. Opta-se por descrever aqui a articulação entre os festejos e os projetos formadores dominantes nas escolas, suas relações com outras áreas do saber e suas contribuições para o delineamento de questões de ensino.Instilling seriousness through joy: an essay about school celebrations on the educational field (late nineteenth and early twentieth-century). This article intends to analyse the construction of the object school celebrations on the educational field, especially the educational history, regarding its multiplicity of configurations. Thus, not only is this work aimed to focus on the event genealogy in school context, and its participation in the organization of a school culture, but also on its contributions to the field consolidation process in an organizational context of the state public teaching system of São Paulo. The analysis of the event in the educational field benefit from studies sources such as late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century educational journals and education legislation as well. Seeing that, it is opted to describe the articulation between festivities and educational projects in particular which are dominant at schools, their relations with other knowledge areas, and also their contributions to framing teaching issues. Keywords: Celebrations; Educational field; History education.
Co-Operation Is Not Enough: Teacher Educators as Curriculum Developers in Times of Change
Authors: Hoydalsvik Torhild Erika Lillemark
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this exploratory two site case study is to examine how teacher educators, student teachers and programme leaders experience their ‘curriculum developer role’ in times of change, against the background of a new national guideline for preschool teacher education being implemented in Norway. The multidisciplinary team approach established by policy for this reform is examined as a strategy to create coherent programmes. Data collected for the study include fifteen semi-structured interviews and four focus groups conducted at two educational institutions. Qualitative data processing software is used to process four stages of qualitative data analysis. The evidence indicates that the actors involved experienced the ‘reproduction’ of curriculum elements from before the recent reform to a modest extent. Most frequently, they describe incorporation of earlier practices, ‘moderate translation’, in order to meet the demands of multiple disciplines. ‘Radical translation’ also takes place as part of their new collaborative role.
Meta-analysis of the application effects of a biostimulant based on extracts of yeast and amino acids on off-season corn yield
Authors: Silva André Luis Da , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti , Silva Alexandre José da , Bracale Marina Faria
Published: September 2017

The tests were performed with a biostimulant (GAAP) containing yeast extract and amino acids. The yield data of the off-season corn for meta-analysis were collected from 41 trials conducted in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Goiás during the 2013/2014 crop season. The tests consisted of eight treatments, with four replicates per treatment, and were conducted on 3.6 × 6.0 m plots. The treatments consisted of application of biostimulant at 2.0 L ha-1 at different times and the control (no biostimulant). The time of application corresponded to the growth stages, V8, VT, R1, (V8 + VT), (V8 + R1), (VT + R1), and (V8 + VT + R1). The influence of biostimulant application was quantified as the difference in yield, expressed as kilogram per hectare (kg ha-1), between treatments and the control (effect measurements). Meta-analysis was used to study the effects of the treatments and to calculate the probability of yield increase with product use. The meta-analysis was performed using the software R. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis because of the high heterogeneity among the studies. Next, the mixed effect model was applied to explain the high heterogeneity, considering the following subgroups: the number of applications, the timing of applications, the presence of water stress, and the region where the tests were conducted. The probability of yield increase was calculated at the levels of 2, 5, and 10 bags, each of 60 kg ha-1. The meta-analysis results for the variable "General" and the subgroups were significantly positive (p < 0.0001), with a meta-analytic estimate of 342.1 kg ha-1 and the confidence interval for 95% probability ranging between 301.2 kg ha-1 and 383.0 kg ha-1. The probability for yield greater than zero or equal to 2, 5, and 10 bags of 60 kg ha-1 in subgroup "three applications" was 91.7%, 85.4%, 71.0%, and 38.9%, respectively. These same values were estimated at 91.7%, 85.4%, 71.0%, and 39.0% for the variable "applications in V8 + VT + R1"; 79.1%, 69.3%, 50.1%, and 21.1% for the variable "trials under stress condition"; and 84.2%, 75.1%, 57.7%, and 26.9% for the variable "investments made in Southern Brazil," respectively. The meta-analysis of the data from 287 effect measurements generated in 41 trials demonstrated that foliar application of GAAP biostimulant increases corn yield by 342.1 kg ha-1 with 83.7% probability of positive response.
Lime and phosphate application as mycorrhizae stimulation to enhance growth and yield of Marandu grass
Authors: Santiago Franklin Eduardo Melo , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo , Santiago Flávia Louzeiro de Aguiar , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Nóbrega Rafaela Simão Abrahão , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza
Published: September 2017

Pastures are important food sources for Brazilian cattle herds. However, inadequate management of soil fertility has emerged as a major cause of low yield rates and of progressive degradation of these areas. The objective of the present study was to evaluate growth, by means of morphogenetic and structural characteristics, and yield of Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu as functions of the application of the mycorrhizae stimulant formononetin, associated with lime and phosphate application. The experimental design was completely randomised with four replications, and the treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two liming treatments (with and without limestone), two formononetin treatments (with and without application) and five P2O5 doses (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm-3). Three shoot cuttings were carried out after a first standardisation cutting to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics as well as the dry matter yield of different morphological fractions. Liming and phosphate application at the dose of 141 mg dm-3 P2O5 increased growth and yield of Marandu grass, and these practices are essential for the cultivation of this pasture grass in Yellow Latosol of the Cerrado region of Piauí, Brazil. The application of formononetin increased stem elongation rate, total number of tillers and green stem dry matter, and decreased dead dry matter of Marandu grass, which are effects that contribute to the improvement of pasture quality.
Quality of jackfruit seedlings under saline water stress and nitrogen fertilisation
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Ítalo Fernandes de , Souto Antônio Gustavo de Luna , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Medeiros Wiliana Júlia Ferreira de , Bezerra Francisco Thiago Coelho , Bezerra Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira
Published: September 2017

The lack of good quality water for agriculture purposes regarding salts and quantity in relation to demand for the plants has, for more than 30 years, been forcing the use of restrictive water because of salinity issues in agricultural production systems worldwide. In Brazil, the situation is no different, in the semi-arid areas, there are reports of losses of seed germination, initial growth of seedlings and yield of crops of commercial importance due to the salinity of the water used in irrigation systems. Therefore, an experiment was carried out from June to September/2014 in a protected environment, with a plastic film on the upper base and a thin screen against insects on the sides, to evaluate the effects of salinity interaction between water irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation sources on soil salinity, initial plant growth and the quality of the jackfruit seedlings. The treatments were distributed in randomised blocks, in the factorial scheme 5 × 3, reference irrigation water of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil with and without ammonium sulfate and urea. An increase in the salinity of the irrigation water to 1.32 and 1.70 dS m-1 on the substrate without nitrogen stimulated an increase in the number of leaves and leaf area of the jackfruit seedlings. The ammonium sulfate was the nitrogen source that mainly contributed to the increase of soil salinity and to the reduction of the quality index of the seedlings. Despite the reduction of the Dickson quality index due to the salinity of the irrigation water and the nitrogen sources, the seedlings were suitable for cultivation.
Modeling the hydration process of bean grains coated with carnauba wax
Authors: Paixão Aline Almeida da , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Baptestini Fernanda Machado , Donzeles Sérgio Maurício Lopes , Diniz Mayra Darliane Martins Silva , Freitas Rafael Leite de
Published: September 2017

Edible waxes are widely used to maintain foodstuff until they are consumed. However, some products may be subjected to industrial procedures, such as hydration, prior to their consumption. Hydration of a material is a complex process, which aims to reconstitute the original characteristics of a product when in contact with a liquid phase. An important agricultural product that requires this procedure is beans. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the hydration process of beans (cultivar BRSMG Majestoso) in different temperatures and concentrations of carnauba wax, which is applied on the product surface. Beans with initial moisture content of 0.2015, 0.1972 and 0.1745 (d.b.) corresponding to treatments 0 (witness), 1 (wax diluted in water in the ratio 1:1), and 2 (carnauba wax, without dilution) were used. Later, these samples were imbibed in distilled water at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 ºC, for 15 h. The temperature and the carnauba wax influenced the water absorption rate. The Peleg model described satisfactory experimental data and the Mitscherlich model presented biased residual distribution. The constants C1 and C2 of the Peleg model exhibited opposite behaviors with increasing temperatures in the hydration process.
Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection in dogs from rural settlements in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Silva José Dêvede Da , Melo Demmya Haryssam Menezes , Correia Érico Luiz de Barros , Alves José Romero Alexandre , Costa Diego Figueiredo , Higino Severino Silvano dos Santos , Azevedo Sergio Santos , Alves Clebert José
Published: September 2017

Rural settlements are defined as family-run agrarian spaces. Their purpose, based on public policies, is to strengthen family agriculture. They are peculiar environments that can predispose to the risk of diseases, especially zoonotic diseases, due to close natural contact with animals that can be sources of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Leptospira antibodies in dogs from rural settlements in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection. A total of 306 dogs were sampled and Leptospira screening was performed using the microscopic agglutination test. In all, 27 of 306 (8.82%; 95% CI = 6.13-12.5%) dogs were seropositive for Leptospira spp. The most frequent serotype was Pomona. Street access (odds ratio = 3.53, p = 0.012) was indicated as a risk factor for infection. The results indicate that leptospirosis is present in dogs from rural settlements in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. This reinforces the need to limit contact between dogs and wild reservoirs and perform serological monitoring of swine. It also reinforces the need for implementation of control measures such as improvements in hygienic-sanitary conditions in the settlements, including the construction of pigsties away from homes, and the introduction of vaccination to reduce the occurrence of this disease, which will prevent transmission to humans and animals.
Bovine fetal testicular development in the Nellore breed
Authors: Souza Juliana Stephany de , Miguel Maria Carolina Villani , Maioli Marcos Antônio , Trali Neto Arthur Nelson , Arana David Giraldo , Laurini Alexandre Rossi , Nogueira Guilherme De Paula
Published: September 2017

The study of gonadal development improves the understanding of factors that can influence the reproductive development process. This study aims to characterize bovine fetal testicular development and the testosterone level in the Nellore breed. For the study, 162 bovine fetuses aged between 3 and 8 months were collected from Nellore cows at a local abattoir. The fetal age was estimated by DP=8.4+0.087L+5.46?L, where DP is the estimated pregnancy day and L represents fetal length. The fetal gonadal weight (g), width (cm), and thickness (cm) were measured. Thereafter, the gonads were submitted to classic histology processes in 3-µm-thick slices cut at 210 µm intervals. The Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells were counted. Blood samples were collected from umbilical cords for testosterone levels. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test followed by Principal Component Analysis and one-way ANOVA to compare the averages between months. The testicular weight and volume were found to have a positive correlation with the numbers of Sertoli cells (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.92; p < 0.0001, respectively), Leydig cells (r = 0.80; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.90; p < 0.0001, respectively), and germ cells (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.93; p < 0.0001, respectively) and to be negatively correlated with testosterone plasmatic concentration (r = -0.31; p = 0.0001 and r = -0.22; p = 0.006, respectively) during pregnancy. After the fifth month, the numbers of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and germ cells differed (p < 0.0001) from the following gestational months. The highest testosterone concentration (p = 0.007) was observed in the fifth month of gestation and was followed by a concentration decrease in the seventh and eighth months. The increase in cell quantity was responsible for the increase in testicular weight and volume during fetal development. On the other hand, the testosterone concentration followed the increase in testicular weight and volume until the 7th month of gestation and regressed during the 8th and 9th months, in addition to the increase in cell number.
Body and testicular development and serum testosterone concentrations in Brahman males
Authors: Chacur Marcelo George Mungai , Miyasaki Alex Arikawa , Oba Eunice , Souza Camila Dutra , Gabriel Filho Luis Roberto Almeida
Published: September 2017

The present study had the objective of evaluating the physical and testicular development, and the serum testosterone concentration of 8 to 18 months old male Brahman cattle on grazing weight gaining performance tests. Bovine cattle (n=40), aged 259.76 ± 26.15 days and weighing 239.71 ± 33,94kg had the following characteristics evaluated every 56 days, corresponding to 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 months of age (six different data collections): body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), girth (G), height at the withers (WH), body length (BL), body mass index (BMI), right and left testicular length (RTL and LTL, respectively), right and left testicular height (RTH and LTH, respectively), average daily weight gain (ADG), testicular volume (TV), and serum testosterone (ST).Analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability were used. Correlations between variables were assessed using Pearson's method at 5% confidence. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) from 12 months of age onwards for ADG and ST. There were differences (P < 0.05) for: BW, SC, G, WH, BL, BMI, RTL, LTL, RTH,and TV from 14 months of age. There was a positive correlation between: ST x G (r=0.38; P < 0.01); ST x WH (r=0.38; P < 0.01); ST xRTH (r=0.23; P < 0.05); ST x LTH (r=0.21; P < 0.01); ST x TV (r=0.22; P < 0.008); TV x weight (r=0.70; P < 0.01); TV x SC (r=0.90; P < 0.01); and TV x BMI (r=0.93; P < 0.01). A rapid increase in serum testosterone concentration occurred between 12 and 14 months of age, followed by rapid body and testicular growth. An elevation in testosterone levels is an indirect indicator that an acceleration inphysical and testicular growth is approaching. It is recommended to calculate both BMI and TV to follow cattle growth due to the high correlation between these variables.
Dry residue of cassava as a supplementation in broiler feed with or without addition of carbohydrases
Authors: Broch Jomara , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Oliveira Vladimir De , Silva Idiana Mara da , Souza Cleison De , Wachholz Lucas
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of dry residue of cassava (DRC) with or without supplementation of carbohydrases on performance, carcass yield, cuts and organs, blood parameters and meat quality of broiler chickens. Birds were distributed in a completely randomised design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with or without addition of carbohydrases and five levels of DRC inclusion, resulting in 10 treatments with 5 replicates of 22 birds each. At 21 days of age, two birds of each treatment were fasted for 6 hours for blood brachial puncture. At 42 days, four birds per pen were slaughtered to determine carcass yield, cuts, organs, percentage of abdominal fat and meat quality. Between 1-21 days of age, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between carbohydrase and DRC supplementation on weight gain (WG) and feed intake, which showed a decreasing linear effect without the inclusion of carbohydrases. In the period from 1 to 42 days, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between carbohydrase supplementation and DRC inclusion on the variables WG and feed conversion. Carbohydrase inclusion provided an increase (P < 0.05) in the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, gamma GT and blood glucose. Concentrations of gamma GT were increased and levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine were decreased (P < 0.05) with DRC inclusion. At 24 hours post mortem, there was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) for breast meat between carbohydrase supplementation and DRC inclusion for the variable L. The analysed values of pH, water holding capacity and shear force of the breast meat were not affected (P > 0.05) by DRC inclusion and carbohydrase addition. However, cooking loss was influenced (P < 0.05) by levels of inclusion of DRC. The L and a* variable and the feet of broiler chickens were not affected (P > 0.05) by DRC levels and carbohydrase addition. The colour variable b* showed a decrease (P < 0.05) from 5% level of inclusion. The results of this study show that DRC can be used in the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days old to the assessed level of 10%, provided that carbohydrase is added.
Performance and physiological parameters in broilers fed different enzyme complexes
Authors: Andrade Thiago Dos Santos , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Silva Idiana Mara da , Wachholz Lucas , Fascina Vitor Barbosa
Published: September 2017

The effects of enzyme supplementation on the performance, yield, and blood profile of broilers fed corn and soybean diets from 1 to 42 days of age were evaluated. A total of 960 male broilers were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and eight replications. Two diets were used: a positive control formulated to meet the birds’ nutritional requirements (Diet 1) and a negative control diet with reduction of 150 kcal.kg-1 of metabolizable energy (Diet 2) and 12% amino acid in the initial phase and 18% during the growing and finishing phases. Further diets were based on the negative control with enzymes: enzyme complex 1, composed of 125 g ton-1 protease; enzyme complex 2, composed of 100 g ton-1 amylase, protease, and xylanase; enzyme complex 3, composed of 500 g ton-1 amylase, protease, and xylanase; and enzyme complex 4, composed of 125 g ton-1 protease and 500 g ton-1 beta-mannanase. Enzymatic supplementation did not improve performance during the initial and growing phases due to nutritional imbalance, resulting in the worst weight gain and feed conversion during the finishing phase. Carcass yield, leg yield, abdominal fat, and pancreas were altered by enzymatic supplementation. Triglyceride levels influenced abdominal fat deposition, and the serum levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase were altered by enzymatic supplementation. Enzymatic supplementation was not effective in restoring broiler performance, carcass yield, and cuts, with changes in the serum biochemical profile of the broiler chickens.
Seminoma and sertolioma in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with unilateral cryptorchidism: short communication
Authors: Madureira Renata , Reis Filho Nazilton De Paula , Santos Angélica Rossotti dos , Dias Ana Lúcia , Headley Selwyn Arlington , Mascarenhas Nilva Maria Freres , Brum Juliana Sperotto
Published: September 2017

A male miniature Schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a mass growth in the right inguinal canal was admitted to the clinical center of a veterinary hospital. During surgical resection of the mass, tubular formations were found, connecting the mass to the left testicle. Histopathology revealed that the tubular formations were uterine tubes and the mass was a seminoma associated with a sertolioma of the right testicle. Further analysis also showed atrophy of the left testicle. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed normal chromosomes of male gender, 78, XY, which led to the conclusion that this was a male pseudohermaphrodite.
Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and related risk factors in mammals at Sorocaba zoo, São Paulo, BrazilToxoplasma gondii antibodies and related risk factors in mammals at Sorocaba zoo, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Marujo Renata Bezerra , Langoni Helio , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Pellizzaro Maysa , Dias Neto Ramiro Das Neves , Camossi Lucilene Granuzzio , Teixeira Rodrigo Friciello , Nunes Adauto Veloso , Silva Rodrigo Costa da , Menozzi Benedito Donizete
Published: September 2017

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution and different wild species either are involved in maintenance of the pathogen in the environment as definitive or intermediate hosts serving as font of feeding or prey to definitive hosts. The present study aimed to investigate Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the risk factors relating to infection in mammals at Sorocaba Zoo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Serum samples collected from 153 animals were analyzed using the modified agglutination test (MAT; cutoff ? 25). Seropositivity was found in 62 animals (40.5%; 95% CI: 33.1-48.5%), with different titers. Significant differences were observed in relation to the ages of the animals, origin, presence of free-ranging animals in the enclosure and feeding habits, through univariate analysis (p ? 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only age (p = 0.03) had significance for the study. Adult animals were 3.5 more likely to become infected than were young ones. In relation to feeding habits, herbivores (80%) and carnivores (46.5%) were the animals most affected. These results highlight the presence of T. gondii in animals at Brazilian zoos, and suggest that continuous transmission is occurring at zoos.
Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Uchenna O. , Crutzen Rik , Awo Egbe A. , Van Den Borne Bart
Published: September 2017

A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
Novel Psychoactive Substances: Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Analysis of Literature
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , AbdulMajeed Ban A.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: The research output within the discipline of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been evolving since the end of the last decade. The introduction of the concept of evidence-based Medicine led to a revolutionary growth of all fields of medical research. The enhancements of research quality were also paralleled by the development of tools for critical analysis of literature.MATERIALS & METHODS: The aim of the study is to assess the NPS research output, by means of evaluation of the level-of-evidence and the implemented statistical analyses. An extensive database of near 600 published manuscript was created; the papers were selected from the PubMed/Medline database by using pre-specified keywords. Each manuscript will be systematically scanned for; the first author, research institution, country, year of publication, type of study, statistical analysis, level-of-evidence, and journals of publication. Research efforts from the Middle East were also observed and quantified.RESULTS: Teams of NPS researchers included members in the range of one to twenty-nine, with and an average of 4.75 authors per publication. Research output was densely mapped in the developed countries including the UK (53%), US (19%), Italy (14%), Germany (14%), and Sweden (10%); the Middle East contribution was minimal (<1%). The top two research institutes were; King’s College London (UK) and Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Studies included; Cross-sectional analyses (15%), Reviews (18%), and Analytic chemistry (36%). A considerable number of publications (34%) had no statistics at all, while only 14% had inferential statistics. Top journals of publication were; Journal of Psychopharmacology, Current Neuropharmacology, and Drug and Alcohol Dependence.CONCLUSION: Research output should always be assessed for quality control purposes. This study represents an innovative and systematic method of critical analysis of NPS literature. Future study efforts should be respondent to this study to achieve a better quality of research.
Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed
Published: September 2017

An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort and occasional burning sensation when outdoor due to an oversensitivity to sunlight. However, her pupillary reaction to light (pupillary light reflex) was intact. The patient is a known user of psychedelic substances (entheogens) including LSD, NBOMe, psilocybin, and DMT. The condition affects both eyes to the same extent. A thorough medical, neurological, and radiological examination, including an EEG and an MRI of the head and neck region, were completely normal. All these tests failed to detect any pathophysiological or anatomical abnormalities. The patient is a known case of chronic endogenous depression in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which she is medicating with citalopram and Ritalin respectively. There was neither a family history nor a similar congenital condition in her family. Collateral inferential statistical analyses were implemented in relation to Google Trends database to seek out relevant data in relation to psychedelic substances and their corresponding geographic mapping.
Å velge aktiviteter selv som grunnlag for trivsel og mestring. En casestudie av kroppsøvingsundervisningen ved en videregående skole
Authors: Lagestad Pål
Published: September 2017

En videregående skole skilte seg ut ved at elevene på denne skolen i gjennomsnitt hadde det laveste fraværet i Nordland. På bakgrunn av dette foretok jeg en forskningsstudie for å se nærmere på hvordan kroppsøvingsfaget ble organisert ved denne skolen. To lærere og alle 15 elevene på tredje studieår ble intervjuet om hvordan kroppsøvingsfaget ved skolen ble organisert og gjennomført. Det ble også foretatt uformelle samtaler med lærerne gjennom et tredagers feltarbeid, samt gjennomført observasjon av to dobbelttimer i kroppsøving, hvor lærere og elever deltok. Resultatene tyder på at kroppsøvingen ble organisert med høy grad av selvbestemmelse og frihet til selv å velge aktiviteter. Samtidig satte lærerne krav til elevenes deltakelse, og fulgte dem opp i et miljø hvor den sosiale tilhørigheten syntes å være høy. Ifølge både lærere og elever gav denne tilnærmingen et godt grunnlag for opplevelse av trivsel og mestring, og et godt grunnlag for oppmøte i kroppsøving. Resultatene underbygges av selvbestemmelsesteori og de tre basale behovene selvbestemmelse, tilhørighet og kompetanse.Nøkkelord: kroppsøving, selvbestemmelsesteori, mestring, trivselAbstractA high school stood out by having the lowest absentee rates in physical education among all of the seventeen high schools in Nordland. On this basis, a case study was conducted to examine how physical education was organized at this school. Two teachers, and all of the 15 students in the last year of high school, were interviewed about the organization of physical education at this high school. Observations and informal conversations were also conducted among the teachers through three days of field work, which also included lessons in physical education. The results indicate that the physical education at this high school was organized with a high level of autonomy, where students chose the activities by themselves. Meanwhile, the teachers required that the students planned their activities, with high effort levels. The teachers closely followed up each student in a social environment with high relatedness among teachers and students. According to both the teachers and the students, this approach created a good foundation for wellbeing and development in physical education. The results are supported by self- determination theory, that points to three basic needs in all human; autonomy, relatedness and competence.Keywords: physical education, self-determination theory, competence, well-being
Facehunting: Empathy, Masculinity and Violence among the Bugkalot
Authors: Mikkelsen Henrik Hvenegaard
Published: September 2017

This article discusses how anthropological explorations of empathy can be enriched through a focus on transgression. Empathy is commonly understood as a human capacity that allows a person to share the feelings of others through some form of mental engagement. Thereby, it is believed, empathy establishes compassionate relationships between people and prevents violence from breaking out. In this article, I suggest that the opposite may be the case: that, in fact, empathy may be the very foundation for acts of radical violence and killings. The ethnographic basis of my inquiry is research conducted among the Bugkalot (Ilongot) of northern Philippines on the practice of headhunting. I propose that empathy is what allows violence to achieve its transformative capacity. Furthermore, I seek to show how understanding headhunting as “murder” may disclose how this particular act is tied to masculine ideals of autonomy. Headhunting, I argue, targets not the head but the “face”, that is, it strikes at the very fulcrum of the ethical relation and the foundation of empathy.