bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of latency‐reversing agents on human macrophage physiology
Authors: Hany Laurent , Turmel Marc‐Olivier , Barat Corinne , Ouellet Michel , Tremblay Michel J.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

HIV‐1 eradication is hindered by the presence of inducible long‐lived reservoirs of latently infected cells which rapidly disseminate viral particles upon treatment interruption. Eliminating these reservoirs by the so‐called shock and kill strategy represents a crucial concept toward an HIV‐1 cure. Several molecules called latency‐reversing agents (LRAs) are under intensive investigations to reactivate virus gene expression. These studies are mainly conducted on CD4+ T cells where LRAs are well tolerated and did not induce global cellular activation. However, despite their broad spectrum, the putative impact of LRAs on other cellular reservoirs such as macrophages is still ill‐defined.

Methods

We investigated the impact of the protein kinase C (PKC) activator bryostatin‐1, bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 and histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin used either alone or in combination on human primary monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs).

Results

We demonstrate that bryostatin‐1, JQ1, and romidepsin or their combinations are not toxic at nanomolar concentrations but induce metabolic and morphologic alterations of MDMs. Bryostatin‐1 triggered the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while JQ‐1 decreased it. Phagocytosis and endocytosis were modestly impaired upon bryostatin‐1 treatment whereas efferocytosis was markedly downregulated by romidepsin. Despite its pro‐inflammatory profile, bryostatin‐1 did not induce classically activated macrophage markers. Finally, we reveal that conditioned medium from bryostatin‐1‐treated macrophages did not potentiate its reactivation feature.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that LRAs can diversely impact basic physiologic features of human primary macrophages and could potentially decrease reactivation of nearby CD4+ T cells latently infected with HIV‐1. Our observations further stress the need to include different cell populations when assessing HIV‐1 cure strategies.
Computational investigation of functionalized carbenes on dinitrogen activation
Authors: Kirkland Justin K. , Johnson Sophia K. , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D.
Published: December 2022

Activation of the dinitrogen triple bond is a crucial step in the overall fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for industrial and biological applications. Current synthetic catalysts incorporate metal ions to facilitate the activation and cleavage of dinitrogen. The high price of metal‐based catalysts and the challenge of catalyst recovery during industrial catalytic processes has led to increasing interest in metal‐free catalysts. One step toward metal‐free catalysis is the use of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). In this study, we have examined 18 functionalized carbenes as FLPs to elucidate the influence of steric and electronic effects on the activation of dinitrogen. To test the effects of functionalization on dinitrogen activation, we have performed density functional theory (DFT), multireference, non and extended transition state‐natural orbital for chemical valence (ETS‐NOCV) calculations. Our results suggest that functional groups which introduce strong electron‐withdrawing effects and/or engage in extended π/π* systems lead to the lowering of the dissociation energy of the dinitrogen bond, which further contributes to greater nitrogen activation. We conjecture that these effects are due to enhanced back‐bonding capability of the p orbital of the carbene carbon atoms to the adjacent nitrogen atoms (increasing Lewis basicity of the carbene carbon atom) and enhanced stability of dissociated products. Our concluding remarks include opportunities to extend this activation study to explore the entire catalytic cycle with promising functionalized carbenes for experimental evaluation.
PARK2 microdeletion in a multiplex family with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Barone Rita , Cirnigliaro Lara , Saccuzzo Lucia , Valdese Silvia , Pettinato Fabio , Prato Adriana , Bernardini Laura , Fichera Marco , Rizzo Renata
Published: December 2022

Background

PARK2 (PRKN; MIM*602544) encodes Parkin protein, an ubiquitin‐protein ligase required for proteasomal degradation and operating in the synaptic compartments. Copy number variations (CNVs) involving PARK2 have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We report on a family with ASD (multiplex family) harbouring a microdeletion at chr. 6q26 causing PARK2 disruption.

Methods

CNV analyses were performed using CGH/SNP‐array platforms, and the detected microdeletion was confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR. Standardized psychometric evaluation was used for neurobehavioral characterization.

Results

We found an intragenic ~157 kb microdeletion of the chromosomal region 6q26 causing PARK2 disruption in two male sibs with ASD and syndromic phenotype. They both had dysmorphic facial features with coarse faces, deeply set eyes with long horizontal palpebral fissures, long eyelashes and thick eyebrows, fleshy lips and mild skeletal problems. We found an intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity owing to different severity of the autism symptoms between the affected sibs: the younger one had minimally verbal autism and severe intellectual disability, whereas his older brother presented high‐functioning autism and preserved speech. Parental analysis and real‐time PCR using a PRKN fragment mapping within the deletion demonstrated that the deletion was inherited from their father having subthreshold features of ASD consisting with broad autism phenotype.

Conclusions

The study corroborates the hypothesis that PARK2 aberrations may be associated with ASD and highlights correlations between CNV affecting PARK2 and ASD in a multiplex family. We show remarkable intrafamilial variability in the severity of inherited ASD associated with PARK2 microdeletion.
Virtual Leadership: CEOs and C‐Level Executives of Healthcare Organizations in the United States Reimagined New Roles as Virtual Leaders
Authors: Sandberg Debra S. , Pennington Carla M. , Lindquist Michael Adrian
Published: December 2022

CEOs and C‐level executives of healthcare organizations in the United States reimagined their leadership roles during the COVID‐19 pandemic. These leaders had to make decisions to positively impact their hospitals, communicate with their stakeholders, protect their employees, and offer urgently needed services to the community by utilizing virtual technology. In 2020, the COVID‐19 crisis emphasized leadership in hospitals and other healthcare organizations as patients, clinicians, and staff sought clear direction in the face of uncertainty and stress. The second part of the problem was that hospitals and other healthcare leaders often arrived at their positions unprepared for their roles. The current research explored the transition CEOs, and C‐level executives of healthcare organizations in the United States made to continue operations during the pandemic. The framework of the study was a quantitative survey with a descriptive design to explore the changes these leaders incorporated to become effective in a virtual environment during challenging times.
Assessment of an MR Elastography‐Based Nomogram as a Potential Imaging Biomarker for Predicting Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Zhang Yunfei , Sun Wei , Jin Kaipu , Dai Yongming , Wang Feihang , Qian Xianling , Han Jing , Sheng Ruofan , Zeng Mengsu
Published: December 2022

Background

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a well‐established poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preoperative prediction of MVI is important for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes, but noninvasive methods are lacking.

Purpose

To develop an MR elastography (MRE)‐based nomogram for the preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

A total of 111 patients with surgically resected single HCC (52 MVI‐positive and 59 MVI‐negative), randomly allocated to training and validation cohorts (7:3 ratio).

Field Strength/Sequence

2D‐MRE and conventional sequences (T1‐weighted in‐phase and opposed phase gradient echo, T2‐weighted fast spin echo, diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spin echo echo‐planar, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted gradient echo) at 3.0 T.

Assessment

MRE‐stiffness and conventional qualitative and quantitative MRI features were evaluated and compared between MVI‐positive and MVI‐negative HCCs.

Statistical Tests

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential predictors for MVI, and a nomogram was constructed according to the predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Harrell's C‐index evaluated the discrimination performance of the nomogram, calibration curves analyzed its diagnostic performance and decision curve analysis determined its clinical usefulness. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Tumor stiffness >6.284 kPa (odds ratio [OR] = 24.38) and the presence of arterial peritumoral enhancement (OR = 6.36) were independent variables associated with MVI. The areas under the ROC curves for tumor stiffness were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.89) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. When both predictive variables were integrated, the best nomogram performance was achieved with C‐indices of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.96) in the two cohorts, fitting well in calibration curves. The decision curve exhibited optimal net benefit with a wide range of threshold probabilities for the nomogram.

Data Conclusion

An MRE‐based nomogram may be a potential noninvasive imaging biomarker for predicting MVI of HCC preoperatively.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Establishment and characterization of two Epstein–Barr virus‐positive gastric cancer cell lines with epitheliotropic M81 strain undergoing distinct viral and altered cellular expression profiles
Authors: Xu Mingqian , Zhang Liang , Feng Jinfu , Yang Shuaibing , Wang Yixuan , Wang Yuyi , Chen Meiyang , Zhou Li , Zhang Junjie , Qin Qingsong
Published: December 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer (GC) distinguished by the presence of the EBV genome and limited viral gene expression within malignant epithelial cells. EBV infection is generally thought to be a relatively late event following atrophic gastritis in carcinogenesis, which implies the heterogeneity of EBVaGC. To facilitate the study of the role of EBV in EBVaGC, we established two EBV‐positive GC cell lines (AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV) with an epitheliotropic EBV strain M81 and characterized viral and cellular gene expression profiles in comparison to SNU719, a naturally derived EBV‐positive GC cell line. Like SNU719, AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV stably maintained their EBV genomes and expressed EBV‐encoded small RNAs and nuclear antigen EBNA1. Comprehensive analysis of the expression of EBV‐encoded miRNAs within the BamHI‐A region rightward transcript region, and the transcripts of EBV latent and lytic genes in cell lines, as well as xenografts, reveals that AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV cells undergo distinct viral expression profiles. A very small fraction of AGS‐EBV and SNU719 cells can spontaneously produce infectious progeny virions, while HGC27‐EBV does not. AGS‐EBV (both M81 and Akata) cells largely mimic SNU719 cells in viral gene expression profiles, and altered cellular functions and pathways perturbed by EBV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the EBV genome shows both M81 and Akata EBV strains are closely related to clinical EBVaGC isolates. Taken together, these two newly established EBV‐positive GC cell lines can serve as models to further investigate the role of EBV in different contexts of gastric carcinogenesis and identify novel therapeutics against EBVaGC.
Establishment of a diverse head and neck squamous cancer cell bank using conditional reprogramming culture methods
Authors: Li Daniel , Thomas Carlos , Shrivastava Nitisha , Gersten Adam , Gadsden Nicholas , Schlecht Nicolas , Kawachi Nicole , Schiff Bradley A. , Smith Richard V. , Rosenblatt Gregory , Augustine Stelby , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Burk Robert , Prystowsky Michael B. , Guha Chandan , Mehta Vikas , Ow Thomas J.
Published: December 2022

Most laboratory models of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) rely on established immortalized cell lines, which carry inherent bias due to selection and clonality. We established a robust panel of HNSCC tumor cultures using a “conditional reprogramming” (CR) method, which utilizes a rho kinase inhibitor (Y‐27632) and co‐culture with irradiated fibroblast (J2 strain) feeder cells to support indefinite tumor cell survival. Sixteen CR cultures were successfully generated from 19 consecutively enrolled ethnically and racially diverse patients with HNSCC at a tertiary care center in the Bronx, NY. Of the 16 CR cultures, 9/16 were derived from the oral cavity, 4/16 were derived from the oropharynx, and 3/16 were from laryngeal carcinomas. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling was used to validate culture against patient tumor tissue DNA. All CR cultures expressed ΔNp63 and cytokeratin 5/6, which are markers of squamous identity. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was assessed utilizing clinical p16 staining on primary tumors, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of HPV16/18‐specific viral oncogenes E6 and E7 in RNA extracted from tumor samples, and HPV DNA sequencing. Three of four oropharyngeal tumors were p16 and HPV‐positive and maintained HPV in culture. CR cultures were able to establish three‐dimensional spheroid and murine flank and orthotopic tongue models. CR methods can be readily applied to all HNSCC tumors regardless of patient characteristics, disease site, and molecular background, providing a translational research model that properly includes patient and tumor diversity.
Picosecond UV Kerr‐gated Raman spectroscopy with 280 nm laser excitation
Authors: Holtum Tim , Reichenauer Till , Kumar Vikas , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Raman spectra obtained by UV laser excitation above 260 nm are contaminated by spectrally overlapping UV‐excited fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate a picosecond UV Kerr‐gated Raman spectroscopy setup to suppress the fluorescence in Raman spectra excited by 280 nm laser pulses. Specifically, we use a model sample that consists of acetonitrile contaminated by a small amount of toluene for generating UV‐excited fluorescence. We were able to acquire a Raman spectrum of acetonitrile by suppressing the UV‐excited fluorescence of toluene by the action of a 1‐mm thick fused silica‐based UV Kerr gate operated by 1030 nm, ~1 ps gating pulses. These results also indicate the challenges that must be overcome in the future for realizing UV‐fluorescence‐free UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy studies of molecules exhibiting electronic resonances around 280 nm using laser excitation wavelengths right at or close to this resonance.
An in‐depth analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Song Chao , Cai Weiye , Liu Fei , Cheng Kang , Guo Daru , Liu Zongchao
Published: December 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the pathological basis of disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and other related diseases, and the lower back pain it produces lays a heavy financial burden on individuals and society. Thus, it is essential to comprehend IVDD's pathophysiology. Numerous factors, such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases, are linked to IVDD pathogenesis. Despite the fact that many researches has provided explanations for the pathophysiology of IVDD, these studies are typically singular, restricted, and isolated, expound only on one or two components, and do not systematically analyze and summarize the numerous influencing elements. In addition, we discovered that the incidence of many chronic diseases in the field of orthopedics may be thoroughly and systematically defined in terms of immunological systems. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for an in‐depth understanding of the pathological process of IVDD and the formulation of more effective prevention and treatment measures, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic account of the pathogenesis of IVDD from the physical to the molecular barriers of the intervertebral disc, from the nucleus pulposus tissue to the cellular to the immune‐molecular level.
Bone Age Evaluated With Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wan Jie , Lv Pin , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2022

Objective

To confirm the inter‐side difference of bone age evaluated with conventional ultrasound.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients aged between 3 and 15 years with referral for bone age evaluation from the pediatric outpatient and inpatient department in our general medical institute were enrolled from March to October 2021. Bone ages from left and right side were evaluated with ultrasound using a summed ossification ratio of radius, ulna, and femur in all patients. For comparison, radiographic bone ages were assessed with X‐ray films of the left hand and wrist.

Results

A total of 192 patients were enrolled into the study, including 95 boys (10.5 years [3.2–14.6 years]) and 97 girls (8.7 years [3.7–15.4 years]). In the girls, the ossification ratio of the right radius was greater than the left (P = .030) and the ultrasonic bone age from the right side was more advanced than the left (P = .007). The differences of the left and right ultrasonic bone age were −0.66 to 0.61 years in the boys and −0.89 to 0.67 years in the girls. The differences of right ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.77 to 1.01 years in the boys and −1.12 to 1.14 years in the girls. The differences of left ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.73 to 0.91 years in the boys and −1.16 to 0.90 years in the girls.

Conclusions

Clinically important difference can be obtained from the left and right side when assessed bone age with the ossification ratio of bones by ultrasound, especially in girls. Both sides should be evaluated in clinical work.
Design of three multibranch microstrip antennas compatible with WiMAX/WiFi/4G/5G NR for coal mine applications
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Zhang Zhiwen , Wang Anyi , Hou Jianqiang
Published: December 2022

In this letter, three microstrip antennas are designed and fabricated for coal mine applications, each of which can be compatible with WiMAX, WiFi, 4G, and 5G NR bands. The first one is the Pentagon antenna, which is realized by optimizing the sizes and positions of five branches. The second one is designed by adding a passive inverted L‐shaped branch on the top of a trident antenna. And the third one is designed by loading an inverted L‐shaped structure in the ground of the trident antenna. The simulated and measured results showed that each of the three proposed antennas can cover the frequency bands of 2.51–2.68, 3.40–3.60, and 4.80–4.90 GHz for commercial 5G NR of coal mines, 1.88–2.66 GHz for China Mobile/Unicom/Telecom full‐band of 4G, 2.40–2.484 GHz for WiFi, and 2.50–2.69 GHz for WiMAX. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results confirm the practical feasibility of the proposed multiband antennas.
Little White Lies: Hope and Untruth in (White)Mobile‐Homeownership
Authors: Formanack Allison
Published: December 2022

For decades, studies have shown that white households have greater access and benefit most from the racialized US housing market. Homeownership is the material realization of the American dream, and for many it is read alongside middle‐classness and normativity as cultural markers of hegemonic whiteness. Conversely, this article explores personal narratives from white homeowners that are excluded from this dominant understanding: white mobile‐homeowners. I apply the concept of “untruths” to illustrate how my interlocutors discursively situated their racialized hopes, anxieties, and aspirations against the disparaging “white‐trailer trash” trope. I then consider how I, as a white, working‐class anthropologist conducting “home‐work,” was figured into these narratives as representing this idealized—yet deeply problematic—whiteness. Bringing together anthropological perspectives on lies and sincerity, I show how white racial “untruths” reveal a more complex and fragmented whiteness that belies the dreamlike fiction of hegemonic white normativity.
Mothers’ Hopes and Domestic Magic: White Racial Habitus and Fantasies of White Suburban Childhood
Authors: Kwon Jong Bum
Published: December 2022

This article is a collaborative ethnographic examination of the formation of white, middle‐class, suburban mothers’ subjectivities and mothers’ roles in the reproduction of racial inequity and structural violence. We focus on their affective labors transforming home spaces and suburban landscapes into white fantasies of childhood, which we describe as kind of domestic magic. We argue at the heart of this white racial habitus is the figure of the child and childhood. The child embodies mothers’ hopes for happy families and motivates their work and sacrifice. Our aim in this article is to show how racialized suffering and violence may not be reproduced by racial animus, neglect or ignorance but by seemingly innocuous hopes to make or conjure idyllic fantasies for children.
Network augmentation for disaster‐resilience against geographically correlated failure
Authors: Andrés‐Thió Nicolau , Brazil Marcus , Ras Charl , Thomas Doreen
Published: December 2022

We introduce a formal framework for the study of augmenting networks in the plane for disaster‐resilience, where a disaster is modeled by a straight‐line segment. We generalize various graph structures from classical 2‐edge‐connectivity, including minimal cuts and blocks. The key concept that we introduce is that of an ‐leaf, which builds on the fundamental “leaf‐block” concept from classical augmentation. We present a number of algorithms for constructing the above‐mentioned graph structures, including a sweep‐line algorithm that finds all edge‐cuts that can be destroyed by a single disaster. We also present an algorithm which optimally adds a single edge between a pair of ‐leaves or blocks while avoiding certain disaster regions. Finally, we present a number of heuristic schemes for solving the disaster‐resilient network augmentation problem and perform extensive experiments to demonstrate the power of the ‐leaf concept within heuristic design.
Clinical application and evaluation of a new type of tracheal catheter fixation belt
Authors: Niu Fang , Liu Qinghua , Li Xiaohui , Li Xiang
Published: December 2022

Aim

To evaluate a new fixation band for tracheal catheter in intensive care unit.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 90 patients admitted to the ICU between August 2018–February 2019 were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (N = 45/per each group). 3 M strong adhesive tape and a new tracheal catheter fixation band were applied to patients in two groups, respectively. The fixation effect, incidence of mucosal pressure injury and nursing cost were evaluated.

Results

Forty‐three patients from the experimental group and 42 patients from the control group participated in this study. Mild, moderate and severe catheter dislocation happened in 2, 0, 0 cases in the experimental group, and 6, 3 and 2 cases in the control group, respectively; the difference was statistically significant. The rates of mucosal pressure injury were 4.7% and 21.4%, which was significantly different, and the experiment group had a lower average daily nursing cost related to tracheal intubation.

Conclusions

The new tracheal catheter fixation band, which allows for accurate fixation, is simple to operate, may reduce the incidence of mucosal pressure injury, decrease the nursing cost and improve the patients' comfort in clinical practice.
Exploration of pre‐hospital patient delays in seeking care for symptoms of bacteremia and sepsis: A qualitative study
Authors: Ruffin Felicia , Van Horn Elizabeth , Letvak Susan , Kennedy‐Malone Laurie
Published: December 2022

Aim

We explored patient pre‐hospital delays in seeking care for symptoms of bacteremia and sepsis.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

In January 2021, we recruited a convenience sample of four men and six women who were former patients diagnosed with bacteremia. We conducted semi‐structured interviews by telephone. The tape‐recorded interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using the Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation. Data analysis continued until May 2021.

Results

The three main themes included: gathering threads of information, weaving together the threads of information and impact and outcome of the illness. The main finding revealed was that an inability to recognize symptoms of bacteremia resulted in delayed help‐seeking. Participants had difficulty recognizing their symptoms as being related to bacteremia when they lacked experience with infection or could not differentiate them from symptoms of other chronic co‐morbid conditions. Recognizing symptoms and searching for their meaning was an early step in developing an action plan for seeking care. Patient‐reported physical and psychological outcomes of the infection on their quality of life (QOL) varied widely, from none to major impact.
A longitudinal study of disability in activities of daily living and activity restriction‐induced fear of falling among Korean older people
Authors: Jun Seong Sook , Lee Eunyoung
Published: December 2022

Aim

This study examined the effects of the fear of falling (FOF) alone and fear‐associated activity restriction (FAR) on future activities of daily living (ADL) disability and analysed predictors of ADL disability among community‐dwelling older people with and without FAR.

Design

This prospective study involved secondary data analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Methods

We obtained data from 5074 community‐dwelling older adults. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the predictors of changes in ADL disability between 2008 and 2018.

Results

Compared with FOF alone, FAR was significantly related to changes in ADL disability. Being older, living with others and having poor self‐rated health status were associated with future ADL disability in participants without FAR. Weakened grip strength and social engagement were associated with future ADL disability in those with FAR. Nurses must consider the impact of FAR on future ADL decline and implement tailored interventions.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Creating ecologically sound buildings by integrating ecology, architecture and computational design
Authors: Weisser Wolfgang W. , Hensel Michael , Barath Shany , Culshaw Victoria , Grobman Yasha J. , Hauck Thomas E. , Joschinski Jens , Ludwig Ferdinand , Mimet Anne , Perini Katia , Roccotiello Enrica , Schloter Michael , Shwartz Assaf , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu , Vogler Verena
Published: December 2022

Research is revealing an increasing number of positive effects of nature for humans. At the same time, biodiversity in cities, where most humans live, is often low or in decline. Tangible solutions are needed to increase urban biodiversity.

Architecture is a key discipline that has considerable influence on the built‐up area of cities, thereby influencing urban biodiversity. In general, architects do not design for biodiversity. Conversely, urban conservation planning generally focuses on the limited space free of buildings and does not embrace architecture as an important discipline for the creation of urban green infrastructure.

In this paper, we argue that the promotion of biodiversity needs to become a key driving force of architectural design. This requires a new multi‐species design paradigm that considers both human and non‐human needs. Such a design approach needs to maintain the standards of the architectural profession, including the aim to increase the well‐being of humans in buildings. Yet, it also needs to add other stakeholders, organisms such as animals, plants and even microbiota. New buildings designed for humans and other inhabitants can then increase biodiversity in cities and also increase the benefits that humans can derive from close proximity to nature.

We review the challenges that this new design approach poses for both architecture and ecology and show that multi‐species‐design goes beyond existing approaches in architecture and ecology. The new design approach needs to make ecological knowledge available to the architectural design process, enabling practitioners to find architectural solutions that can facilitate synergies from a multi‐species perspective.

We propose that a first step in creating such a multi‐species habitat is the design of buildings with an ecolope, a multi criteria‐designed building envelope that takes into account the needs of diverse organisms. Because there is no framework to design such an ecolope, we illustrate how multi‐species design needs to draw on knowledge from ecology, as well as architecture, and design computation.

We discuss how architectures designed via a multi‐species approach can be an important step in establishing beneficial human–nature relationships in cities, and contribute to human well‐being and biodiversity conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
3D‐printable cyclic peptide loaded microporous polymers for antimicrobial wound dressing materials
Authors: Thum Matthew D. , Lu Qin , Stockmaster Kalib T. , Haridas Dhanya , Fears Kenan P. , Balow Robert B. , Lundin Jeffrey G.
Published: December 2022

Multifunctional wound dressings deliver numerous complementary therapeutics in a single, easy‐to‐use material; however, incompatibilities between additives and the inability to control spatial loading (i.e., surface vs. bulk) sometimes complicate material design and inhibit the use of all available beneficial additives. 3D printing affords the capability to fabricate polymeric wound dressings in unique and individually specific morphologies, as well as the ability to control spatial composition of the multifunctional wound dressing to overcome some of the aforementioned shortfalls from traditional material fabrication techniques. We demonstrate 3D printing as a viable tool to place additives from novel class of antimicrobials, cyclic peptides, in a UV curable, and multifunctional (absorbent and hemostatic) microporous polymer. Microscopic and material characterization confirmed loading of cyclic peptide and microporous architecture was unaffected by peptide loading and the extrusion 3D printing process. Cytotoxic evaluations indicate toxicity of peptide additives toward prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and highlight the importance of spatial control afforded by 3D printing. The robustness of high internal phase emulsion templating and 3D printing was confirmed with antimicrobial assays that showed antimicrobial efficacy of the cyclic peptides were maintained and unaffected by polymerization and processing.
Effects of flame retardants containing POC and PC structures on the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Jingming , Zhao Wei , Liu Jia , Long Shijie , Wang Dun
Published: December 2022

So far, discussions on the effects of elements on flame retardant properties have been widespread in flame retardant‐related fields, but reports on the effects of specific structures on flame retardant properties are rare. In this work, two novel phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardants were synthesized from diphenylphosphinyl chloride and diphenyl chlorophosphite. It was proved that the POC structure of the DOAT flame retardant is beneficial to form a more stable carbon layer with high phosphorus content and reduce the total amount of smoke, while the PC structure of DPAT flame retardant is conducive to produce a large amount of phosphorus‐containing substances in the gas phase, while the phosphorus content in the residual carbon is very low. Therefore, the DOAT flame retardant mainly plays a flame retardant role in the condensed phase. The DPAT flame retardant mainly plays a flame retardant role in the gas phase. The flame retardant action mechanism of the combustion process was also investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR).
Preparation and characterization of pesticide Fosthiazate‐loaded microcapsules for controlled release system
Authors: Maruyama Takahiro , Ishibashi Yutaka , Sano Mitsuo , Taguchi Yoshinari
Published: December 2022

Preparation of Fosthiazate (FTZ)‐loaded microcapsules with controlled release was attempted by the interfacial polymerization using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) as monomers. The effects of the monomer concentration and the monomer concentration ratio on characteristics of the microcapsules such as size, shell thickness and release behavior in water and in soil were studied. In the study, FTZ was successfully encapsulated into a polyurea resin, and the characterization revealed that the microcapsule shell became thicker proportionally to the applied monomer concentration. The release rate of FTZ from the microcapsules in water was mostly proportional to the ratio of the surface area to the shell thickness of the microcapsules, and the release rate fitted the first‐order kinetic model. On the one hand, when TDI concentration was low or the monomer concentration ratio was high, the release rate was significantly increased owing to the formation of insufficient microcapsule shell and the coarseness of the shell. Moreover, the slower the release rate in water was, the higher residual ratio of FTZ in soil could be maintained. However, it was also observed that the release rate in soil was faster than that in water. It is suggested that the constant replacement of water around the microcapsules accelerated the release rate, or the microcapsule particles migrated through the soil. These results indicated that FTZ‐loaded microcapsules with controlled release were able to be prepared. In addition, basic findings about the relationship and the difference between the release behaviors of FTZ‐loaded microcapsules in water and in soil were obtained.
Continuous effectiveness and safety after a hospital‐wide switch to adalimumab biosimilar: An observational study in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Brouwer Rianne , ten Klooster Peter M. , Masselink Joost B. , Vonkeman Harald E.
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was to examine the maintenance of effect and safety after a hospital‐wide switch for economic reasons from adalimumab originator Humira® to biosimilar Amgevita® in real‐world rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and patient satisfaction with the switch. We conducted a single‐center retrospective observational study of RA patients on the course of their disease activity (DAS28, ESR, and CRP), health‐related quality of life (SF‐36), and functional disability (HAQ‐DI) before and up to 1 year after the switch, supplemented with a cross‐sectional survey on satisfaction and experienced side effects approximately 18 months after the switch. Treatment outcomes were analyzed with linear mixed modeling and generalized estimating equations. Of 52 RA patients sufficient data were available. Disease activity levels, the proportion of patients in remission, and SF‐36 and HAQ‐DI scores did not significantly change from before the switch. Overall, patients were satisfied with the switch. Three patients (7.9%) stopped the biosimilar due to side effects. In conclusion, switching to the adalimumab biosimilar did not result in increased disease activity or worse patient‐reported outcomes. Also, there was no apparent evidence of increased side effects. Patients themselves were mostly satisfied with the switching experience.
Investigation of Enhanced Heteroepitaxy and Electrical Properties in κ‐Ga2O3 Due to Interfacing with β‐Ga2O3 Template Layers
Authors: Lee Junhee , Gautam Lakshay , Teherani Ferechteh H. , Sandana Eric V. , Bove Philippe , Rogers David J. , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: December 2022

Heteroepitaxial κ‐Ga2O3 films grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are found to have superior materials and electrical properties thanks to the interfacing with a β‐Ga2O3 template layer. κ‐Ga2O3 grown on sapphire has not been able to demonstrate its full potential due to materials imperfections created by strain induced by the lattice mismatch at the interface between the epilayer and the substrate. By adopting a β‐Ga2O3 template on a c‐sapphire substrate, higher quality κ‐Ga2O3 thin films are obtained, as evidenced by a smoother surface morphology, narrower X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks, and superior electrical performance. The implications of this phenomenon, caused by β‐Ga2O3 buffer layer, are already very encouraging for both boosting current device performance and opening up the perspective of novel applications for Ga2O3.
Experimental and Simulation Analysis on the Mechanical Behavior of 3D‐Enhanced Al‐Based Tetrahedral Lattice Materials
Authors: Xue Yingying , Mu Jianhui , Huang Yingjie , Shi Zimu
Published: December 2022

Herein, the compressive mechanical behavior of novel 3D tetrahedral lattice materials is investigated by ways of experimental, numerical, and analytical methods with a good performance of accuracy. Samples with varied length–diameter ratios are fabricated through 3D printing combined with investment casting method. The compressive behavior, deformation characteristic, and energy property of the lattice materials are comprehensively recorded and analyzed with respect to the geometric parameter and compression directions. It is observed that the length–diameter ratio exhibits a significant influence on the mechanical performance and energy absorption of the materials, that is, the lower the length–diameter ratio, the higher the relative density, strength, and energy absorption. Good agreements are observed among the experimental, numerical, and analytical results within a relative acceptable error. Moreover, the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of lattice materials depend on compression directions to a great extent. In addition, the novel tetrahedral lattice materials with reasonable relative density present superior performance features compared with the other cellular materials.
Atypical negative pressure pulmonary edema after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy forCOVID‐19
Authors: Suzuki Yu , Ogoshi Takaaki , Taura Yusuke , Oda Shiori , Uchiyama Daiji , Ueda Hiroyuki , Yatera Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

Key message

NPPE imaging findings were reported to show a preferential central and nondependent distribution. However, in our case, NPPE showed a peripheral accent pattern, resembling the ARDS pattern of COVID‐19 pneumonia 4 months ago. Capillary damage from COVID‐19 might still exist.
The discovery of the implicit pupil‐teacher social contract
Authors: Looker Benjamin
Published: December 2022

The study takes a critical realist grounded theory approach to explore the intersection of pupil‐teacher relationships and school alienation using experiences of secondary school pupils and teachers. Qualitative data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with both pupils and teachers. Participants' perceptions and experiences were explored, both positive and negative, to develop an understanding of the perspectives of both actors in reciprocal relationships. The methodological framework for this grounded theory diverges from the popular constructivist design and is, instead, influenced by the classic approach. It is developed to be situated in a critical realist philosophy, emphasising the importance of the emancipatory goal of critical realism. Analysis of the data identified that alienated pupils frequently have difficult relationships with their teachers and discovered a subgroup of pupils who experienced more extreme forms of alienation. An implicit pupil‐teacher social contract is presented, describing the emergence of observable actions through the causative mechanism inherent to critical realism. The social contract rests upon the concepts of mutual respect and power. When a pupil believes the contract to have been breached, through the perceived violation of one of these concepts, pupil‐teacher relationships begin to deteriorate.
Finite‐time adaptive fault‐tolerant control for output‐constrained interconnected systems with unknown control coefficients
Authors: Hu Shenglin , Liang Hongjing , Xue Hong
Published: December 2022

This article studies the adaptive finite‐time tracking control problem for a class of output‐constrained nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown actuator faults and parametric uncertainties. By integrating the lower bounds of unknown virtual control coefficients into the Lyapunov functions design, an adaptive control strategy is proposed on the basis of adaptive estimations and some smooth functions, which make the controller effectively compensate the effects of unknown virtual control coefficients, unknown interconnected terms, and other uncertain nonlinear functions. Besides, the controller can also compensate the effect of actuator faults by fusing a two‐step design method into the backstepping design framework. Simultaneously, in view of the output constraint requirements, a barrier Lyapunov function is introduced, and it is a more general one that can reckon with time‐varying asymmetric output constraints. Furthermore, in light of the finite‐time stability criterion, all the signals of system are bounded and the tracking performance can be guaranteed in a finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by some simulation results.
Successive lag synchronization of nonlinear stochastic networks with arbitrary structure via pinning control
Authors: Li Kezan , Wang Mengchen , Yang Qi , Qin Yi , Zhang Haifeng
Published: December 2022

In this article, a new nonlinear stochastic network with arbitrary structure and noise is proposed for realizing the successive lag synchronization (SLS). Both the constant and adaptive pinning control laws are designed respectively to regulate the SLS to desired chaotic states, where the network structure can be directed, weighted, time‐varying and even not strongly connected. Several sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the stochastic asymptotic stability of SLS are derived by means of the Lyapunov stability theory. First, we demonstrate that the pinned nodes can be fixed via 1‐dimensional inequalities, which explicitly provide how many nodes and which nodes should be controlled. Besides, those connections from a node with a given number to other nodes with smaller numbers will lead to the increase of pinned nodes. Second, our results indicate that, in order to make the SLS stable the coupling strength must belong to a bounded interval for both the pinning control schemes. Finally, we conclude that strong noise perturbation will lead to the increase of pinned nodes and even break the SLS. The theoretical results are validated with different numerical examples by embedding the chaotic Chua's circuit to each node.
Synthesis of Yttrium‐Doped Copper Ferrite Spinel Nanoparticles by Means of a Solid‐State Reaction: An Efficient Nanocatalyst for Click and Pechmann Reactions
Authors: Moeini Nima , Alemi Abdolali , Rezvani Zolfaghar
Published: December 2022

Spinel metal ferrite (MFe2O4) nanoparticles have specifically received research interests in numerous fields because of their exclusive physical and chemical properties. Based on the type and amount of rare earth elements used, the addition of a small number of rare‐earth ions to a ferrite sample changed its electrical, magnetic, and structural properties, Through the present research, new efficient and low‐cost CuFe2‐xYxO4 nanoparticles where x: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 were designed, synthesized and applied for click and pechmann reactions. The resulting magnetic nanomaterial was characterized using different techniques such as field FE‐SEM, EDS, FT‐IR, PL, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, PL, UV‐Vis, and VSM. The uniform distribution of yttrium and copper ions in the structure improves the catalytic properties. The catalytic efficiency did not decreased with reusable nanocatalyst for the triazole derivatives (82–97 %) and coumarin derivatives (88–97 %).
Direct Observation of Cell‐sized Liposomes Containing a Functional Polyphenol Procyanidin B2 from Apple
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2022

This study focuses on procyanidins, which are functional polyphenols from apple. Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a known procyanidin dimer, is the standard procyanidin compound. PB2 stimulates the lipid metabolic pathway by preventing lipid absorbance. Here, the interaction between PB2 and the lipid membrane of cell‐sized liposomes was investigated. The study found that adding PB2 to the cell‐sized liposomes increased the liposome size and changed their fluidity. Therefore, the possibility of procyanidin improving lipid absorbance through the transformation of the membrane receptors or channel activity was discussed.