bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listeriosis in pregnancy: An umbrella review of maternal exposure, treatment and neonatal complications
Authors: Khsim Ijlas El Founti , Mohanaraj‐Anton Ahalini , Horte Ivar Benjamin , Lamont Ronald Francis , Khan Khalid Saeed , Jørgensen Jan Stener , Amezcua‐Prieto Carmen
Published: December 2021

Background

Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Compared with the general population, the risk of being diagnosed with listeriosis increases during pregnancy. Listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital neonatal infections.

Objectives

We conducted a universal review of listeriosis in pregnancy and in the newborn.

Search strategy

The EMBASE, PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews indexed before 1 December 2020.

Selection criteria

Any systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, treatment, diagnosis and effects of listeriosis during pregnancy and up to 4 weeks postnatally were included.

Data collection and analysis

Eligibility assessment, data extraction and quality assessment by the Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR‐2) were performed in duplicate.

Main results

We identified 397 citations of which nine systematic reviews comprising 330 studies and 487 patients’ reviews were included. Most systematic reviews (seven of nine) were of moderate to high quality. Prevention in pregnant women was based on adherence to strict dietary recommendations, such as reheating leftovers until steamed and avoiding unpasteurised dairy products. Listeriosis infections were likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) rather than in the first trimester (3%) of pregnancy. Symptoms are mostly fever and other flu‐like symptoms, such as fatigue. Diagnosis was primarily made by culture of the pathogen. Intravenous amoxicillin or ampicillin were first‐line treatment.

Conclusions

Listeriosis, a rare but serious infectious disease in pregnancy, can cause devastating consequences for the fetus and newborn. Appropriate preventative treatment should be initiated during early pregnancy to avoid complications.

Tweetable abstract

Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared food. Prevention is the best way to avoid listeriosis during pregnancy.
Cancer in pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Greiber Iben Katinka , Viuff Jakob Hansen , Mellemkjær Lene , Hjortshøj Cristel Sørensen , Lidegaard Øjvind , Storgaard Lone , Karlsen Mona Aarenstrup
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To investigate the obstetrical management of cancer in pregnancy and to determine adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Design

A nationwide cohort study.

Setting and population

We included all pregnancies (n = 4 071 848) in Denmark from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2018.

Methods

Exposure was defined as pregnancies exposed to maternal cancer (n = 1068). The control group comprised pregnancies without cancer. The groups were compared using logistic regression analysis and adjusted for potential confounders.

Main outcome measures

The outcomes were induced abortion, preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Results

More women with cancer in pregnancy, as compared with the control group, experienced induced abortion (24.8% vs. 20.0%); first‐trimester induced abortion adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7–4.5), second‐trimester induced abortion; aOR 8.8 (95% CI 6.3–12.3), planned preterm birth (11.8% vs. 1.3%); aOR 10.8 (95% CI 8.0–14.6) and planned preterm birth at <32 gestational weeks; aOR 16.3 (95% CI 8.3–31.7). Neonates born to mothers with cancer in pregnancy had a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome; aOR 3.5 (95% CI 2.8–4.4), low birthweight; aOR 3.8 (95% CI 3.1–4.8), admission to neonatal intensive care unit for >7 days; aOR 5.1 (95% CI 3.9–6.6), neonatal infection; aOR 1.8 (95% CI1.1–3.1) and neonatal mortality; aOR 4.7 (95% CI 2.7–8.2), but not of SGA; aOR 1.0 (95% CI 0.6–1.5) and malformations; 1.2 (95% CI 0.9–1.7).

Conclusion

Cancer in pregnancy increases the risk of induced abortion and planned premature birth. Neonates born to mothers with cancer in pregnancy had an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, presumably due to prematurity.

Tweetable Abstract

Cancer in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of premature birth leading to adverse neonatal outcomes.
Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in normal and abnormal semen analysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Popova Daria , Bhide Priya , D’Antonio Francesco , Basnet Purusotam , Acharya Ganesh
Published: December 2021

Background

Normal mature sperm have a considerably reduced number of mitochondria, which provide the energy required for progressive sperm motility. Literature suggests that disorders of sperm motility may be linked to abnormal sperm mitochondrial number and function.

Objectives

To summarise the evidence from literature regarding the association of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality with a particular emphasis on the sperm motility.

Search strategy

Standard methodology recommended by Cochrane.

Selection criteria

All published primary research reporting on the association between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality.

Data collection and analysis

Using standard methodology recommended by Cochrane we pooled results using a random effects model and the findings were reported as a standardised mean difference.

Main results

We included ten studies. The primary outcome was sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers. A meta‐analysis including five studies showed significantly higher mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in abnormal semen analysis compared with normal semen analysis (standardised mean difference 1.08, 95% CI 0.74–1.43). Seven studies included in the meta‐analysis showed a significant negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen parameters. The quality of evidence was assessed as good to very good in 60% of studies.

Conclusions

Our review demonstrates significantly higher mitochondrial DNA in human sperm cells of men with abnormal semen analysis in comparison to men with normal semen analysis.

Tweetable abstract

There is significantly higher mitochondrial DNA in sperm cells of men with abnormal semen analysis in comparison to men with normal semen analysis.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: term and conditions
Authors: Smith Gordon C. S.
Published: December 2021

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Michal Fishel Bartal et al., pp. 1396‐1403 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17059.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24–31 weeks’ gestation: Perinatal and 2‐year outcomes in the EPIPAGE‐2 cohort
Authors: Lorthe Elsa , Letouzey Mathilde , Torchin Héloïse , Foix L'Helias Laurence , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle , Benhammou Valérie , Boileau Pascal , Charlier Caroline , Kayem Gilles ,   for the EPIPAGE‐2 Obstetric Writing Group
Published: December 2021

Objective

To compare different antibiotic prophylaxis administered after preterm premature rupture of membranes to determine whether any were associated with differences in obstetric and/or neonatal outcomes and/or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of corrected age.

Design

Prospective, nationwide, population‐based EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study of preterm infants.

Setting

France, 2011.

Sample

We included 492 women with a singleton pregnancy and a diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24–31 weeks. Exclusion criteria were contraindication to expectant management or indication for antibiotic therapy other than preterm premature rupture of membranes. Antibiotic prophylaxis was categorised as amoxicillin (n = 345), macrolide (n = 30), third‐generation cephalosporin (n = 45) or any combinations covering Streptococcus agalactiae and >90% of Escherichia coli (n = 72), initiated within 24 hours after preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Methods

Population‐averaged robust Poisson models.

Main Outcome Measures

Survival at discharge without severe neonatal morbidity, 2‐year neurodevelopment.

Results

With amoxicillin, macrolide, third‐generation cephalosporin and combinations, 78.5%, 83.9%, 93.6% and 86.0% of neonates were discharged alive without severe morbidity. The administration of third‐generation cephalosporin or any E. coli‐targeting combinations was associated with improved survival without severe morbidity (adjusted risk ratio 1.25 [95% confidence interval 1.08–1.45] and 1.10 [95 % confidence interval 1.01–1.20], respectively) compared with amoxicillin. We evidenced no increase in neonatal sepsis related to third‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant pathogen.

Conclusion

In preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24–31 weeks, antibiotic prophylaxis based on third‐generation cephalosporin may be associated with improved survival without severe neonatal morbidity when compared with amoxicillin, with no evidence of increase in neonatal sepsis related to third‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant pathogen.

Tweetable Abstract

Antibiotic prophylaxis after PPROM at 24–31 weeks: 3rd‐generation cephalosporins associated with improved neonatal outcomes.
Comparative evaluation of the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on perinatal experience: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Bertholdt Charline , Epstein Jonathan , Alleyrat Camille , Ambroise Grandjean Gaëlle , Claudel Lysa , Olieric Marie‐France , Dahlhoff Sandra , Mottet Nicolas , Banasiak Claire , Morel Olivier
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To compare in the early postpartum the perinatal experience during a COVID‐19 related lockdown (‘lockdown’ group) and a pandemic control group subject to looser restrictions.

Design and setting

This national multicentre prospective cohort study took place in four French maternity units.

Population

Women were recruited during the postpartum stay for the lockdown and pandemic control groups, according to their enrolment period. Both faced the same labour and delivery restrictions but only the pandemic control group could have a postpartum visitor.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the perinatal experience during childbirth, assessed by the Labour Agentry Scale (LAS) self‐administered questionnaire, completed before discharge.

Results

The study included 596 women and analysed 571 of them: 260 in the lockdown group and 311 in the pandemic control group. The mean LAS score was lower in the lockdown group (161.1 ± 26.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 157.8–164.3 versus 163.3 ± 24.0, 95% CI 160.6–166.0; P = 0.289). In multivariable analysis, the LAS score was lower in the lockdown group (−6.2 points, P = 0.009), in women with caesarean (−21.6 points, P < 0.001) versus spontaneous deliveries, and among women financially impacted by the lockdown (−6.4 points, P = 0.007) or who experienced restrictions during childbirth (−8.1 points, P < 0.001). The LAS score rose with the prenatal care quality score (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The perinatal experience was more negatively affected by lockdown restrictions than by the looser pandemic restrictions for controls, but mode of delivery remained the main factor influencing this experience.
Ciprofloxacin exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Noergaard Mia , Gotfredsen Ditte Resendal , Sørensen Anne Mette Skov , Andersen Jon Trærup
Published: December 2021

Objective

To examine the association between maternal exposure to ciprofloxacin and the risk of miscarriage and major malformations.

Design

A nationwide register‐based cohort study.

Setting

Data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry, the National Hospital Registry, the Danish National Prescription Registry and Statistics Denmark.

Population

Data were collected in the period between 1997 and 2016 and included all registered pregnancies that ended in an elective termination, miscarriage, stillbirth or a live birth. Exposure was defined as redeeming one or more prescriptions of ciprofloxacin.

Methods

Miscarriage was defined as a diagnosis given before 22 weeks without any medical intervention. Major malformations were classified according to EUROCAT 1.4. We matched ciprofloxacin‐exposed pregnancies to unexposed pregnancies on the propensity score in a ratio 1:4. To estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of miscarriage a Cox proportional hazard regression model was used. A log binomial model was used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) of major malformations.

Main outcome measures

HR of miscarriage and the RR of major malformations.

Results

A total of 1 650 649 pregnancies were identified. Of these, 10 250 (2050 ciprofloxacin‐exposed) and 6100 (1220 ciprofloxacin‐exposed) were included in the miscarriage and major malformation analysis, respectively. The HR of miscarriage was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–1.17). For major malformation, the RR was 1.01 (95% CI 0.72–1.40). For the organ‐specific major malformations and the sensitivity analyses, no significant increased risks were identified.

Conclusion

We demonstrated no association between miscarriage and maternal ciprofloxacin exposure within the first 22 weeks of pregnancy, or between major malformations and maternal exposure during the first trimester.

Tweetable abstract

No association between maternal ciprofloxacin exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile of women with pre‐eclampsia develops over time in the years before pregnancy
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Shah Baiju R.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Women with a history of pre‐eclampsia have an elevated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease that may be partly attributed to an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile, the etiology of which is unclear. Hypothesising that this adverse risk profile may begin to arise over time in the years before pregnancy, we sought to evaluate the pregravid changes over time in cardiovascular risk factors in women who go on to develop pre‐eclampsia and those who do not.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using population‐based administrative databases.

Setting

Ontario, Canada.

Population

All nulliparous women who had singleton pregnancies between January 2011 and December 2018.

Methods

All results for the following analytes between January 2008 and the start of pregnancy were identified: A1c, glucose, lipids, and transaminases. Mean values were compared between those with and without preeclampsia. The annual change for each analyte in the years before pregnancy was estimated using generalized estimating equations.

Main outcome measure

Preeclampsia.

Results

The 156 278 women (of whom 3827 developed preeclampsia) had mean 4.0 ± 3.3 pregravid tests overall. The two most recent pregravid tests were performed at median 0.6 and 1.9 years before pregnancy, respectively. Women who developed pre‐eclampsia had higher pregravid A1c, fasting glucose, random glucose, LDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, and ALT, and lower HDL‐cholesterol, than their peers (all P < 0.0001). In the years before pregnancy, women who went on to develop pre‐eclampsia had higher annual increases than their peers in triglycerides (13.8‐fold higher; P = 0.0004) and random glucose (1.55‐fold higher; P = 0.001), coupled with a greater annual decrease in HDL‐cholesterol (9.7‐fold higher; P = 0.002). During this time, fasting glucose increased in women who developed pre‐eclampsia but decreased in their peers (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

In women who develop pre‐eclampsia, an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile evolves over time in the years before pregnancy.

Tweetable Abstract

In women who develop pre‐eclampsia, an adverse CV risk factor profile evolves in the years before pregnancy.
Tetrodotoxin in live bivalve mollusks from Europe: Is it to be considered an emerging concern for food safety?
Authors: Antonelli Pietro , Salerno Barbara , Bordin Paola , Peruzzo Arianna , Orsini Massimiliano , Arcangeli Giuseppe , Barco Lisa , Losasso Carmen
Published: December 2021

Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are a group of potent neurotoxins named after the Tetraodontidae fish family (pufferfish). TTXs have been reported in several animal taxa, both terrestrial and marine. The ingestion of TTX‐contaminated flesh can cause serious neurotoxic symptomatology and can eventually lead to death. Traditionally, TTXs have been associated with Asian countries, in particular with pufferfish consumption. However, they have also been reported in bivalve mollusks farmed in the Pacific area and, recently, in European seas. In Europe, different countries have reported TTXs, especially those bordering the Mediterranean Sea. As a consequence, in 2017 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released an opinion with reference to TTX present in marine gastropods and bivalves, proposing a safety limit of 44 µg/kg TTXs in shellfish meat, below which no adverse effects should be observed in humans. Nevertheless, this limit has been exceeded on many occasions in European shellfish and, while for bivalves there have been no registered human intoxications, that is not the case for marine gastropods. However, TTXs have not yet been included in the list of marine biotoxins officially monitored in live bivalve mollusks within the European Union (EU). Thus, the aims of this manuscript are to discuss the increasing occurrence of TTXs in live bivalve mollusks from European sea waters, to acknowledge the still ongoing knowledge gaps that should be covered and to stimulate constructive debate on the eventuality of adopting a shared regulatory context, at least in the EU, for monitoring and managing this potential threat to food safety.
An overview of tropomyosin as an important seafood allergen: Structure, cross‐reactivity, epitopes, allergenicity, and processing modifications
Authors: Cheng Jun‐Hu , Wang Huifen , Sun Da‐Wen
Published: December 2021

Tropomyosin (TM) is a major allergen in crustaceans, which often causes allergy and is fatal to some consumers. Currently, the most effective treatment is to avoid ingesting TM, although most adverse events occur in accidental ingestion. In this review, the molecular characterization, epitopes, cross‐reactivity, and pathogenesis of TM are introduced and elucidated. Modification of TM by traditional processing methods such as heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, and innovative processing technologies including high‐pressure treatment, cold plasma (CP), ultrasound, pulsed electric field (PEF), pulsed ultraviolet, microwave and irradiation are discussed in detail. Particularly, enzymolysis, PEF, and CP technologies show great potential for modifying TM and more studies are needed to verify their effectiveness for the seafood industry. Possible mechanisms and the advantages/disadvantages of these technologies for the mitigation of TM allergenicity are also highlighted. Further work should be conducted to investigate the allergenicity caused by protein segments such as epitopes, examine the interaction sites between the allergen and the processing techniques and reveal the reduction mechanism of allergenicity.
A comprehensive review on current and emerging technologies toward the valorization of bio‐based wastes and by products from foods
Authors: Castro‐Muñoz Roberto , Díaz‐Montes Elsa , Gontarek‐Castro Emilia , Boczkaj Grzegorz , Galanakis Charis M.
Published: December 2021

Industries in the agro‐food sector are the largest generators of waste in the world. Agro‐food wastes and by products originate from the natural process of senescence, pretreatment, handling, and manufacturing processes of food and beverage products. Notably, most of the wastes are produced with the transformation of raw materials (such as fruits, vegetables, plants, tubers, cereals, and dairy products) into different processed foods (e.g., jams, sauces, and canned fruits/vegetables), dairy derivatives (e.g., cheese and yogurt), and alcoholic (e.g., wine and beer) and nonalcoholic beverages (e.g., juices and soft drinks). Current research is committed not only to the usage of agro‐food wastes and by products as a potential source of high‐value bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and organic acids) but also to the implementation of emerging and innovative technologies that can compete with conventional extraction methods for the efficient extraction of such biomolecules from the residues. Herein, specific valorization technologies, such as membrane‐based processes, microwave, ultrasound, pulsed electric‐assisted extraction, supercritical/subcritical fluids, and pressurized liquids, have emerged as advanced techniques in extracting various added‐value biomolecules, showing multiple advantages (improved extraction yields, reduced process time, and protection to the bioactive properties of the compounds). Hence, this comprehensive review aims to analyze the ongoing research on applying such techniques in valorization protocols. A last‐five‐year review, together with a featured analysis of the relevant findings in the field, is provided.
Recent advances in halal food authentication: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Ng Pei Chi , Ahmad Ruslan Nur Amy Syahira , Chin Ling Xuan , Ahmad Musa , Abu Hanifah Sharina , Abdullah Zanariah , Khor Sook Mei
Published: December 2021

Increasing public awareness of food quality and safety has prompted a rapid increase in food authentication of halal food, which covers the production method, technical processing, identification of undeclared components, and species substitution in halal food products. This urges for extensive research into analytical methods to obtain accurate and reliable results for monitoring and controlling the authenticity of halal food. Nonetheless, authentication of halal food is often challenging because of the complex nature of food and the increasing number of food adulterants that cause detection difficulties. This review provides a comprehensive and impartial overview of recent studies on the analytical techniques used in the analysis of halal food authenticity (from 1980 to the present, but there has been no significant trend in the choice of techniques for authentication of halal food during this period). Additionally, this review highlights the classification of different methodologies based on validity measures that provide valuable information for future developments in advanced technology. In addition, methodological developments, and novel emerging techniques as well as their implementations have been explored in the evaluation of halal food authentication. This includes food categories that require halal authentication, illustrating the advantages and disadvantages as well as shortcomings during the use of all approaches in the halal food industry.
Comparison of phenolic composition, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and aromatic components in apricots from Xinjiang
Authors: Su Congyan , Li Tian , Wang Yongqin , Ge Zhengkai , Xiao Jing , Shi Xuewei , Wang Bin
Published: December 2021

As a famous table fruit in Xinjiang, apricot has gained an increasing number of consumers because of its rich nutritional value and seductive flavor. The aim of this study was to assess the sensory qualities, the nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and flavor of Xinjiang apricots, which were investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace‐solid phase micro‐extraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC‐MS). The results revealed that while there were similarities in the components contributing to nutrition and flavor, the Xinjiang apricots had distinct features. The “Luopuhongdaike” cultivar was superior in taste based on the comprehensive evaluation of the sugar, and acid contents and the sugar‐acid ratio. The “Suogejianali” and “Luopuhongdaike” cultivars were the best in terms of nutrients and antioxidant activity. All Xinjiang apricots possessed similar volatile compounds, including linalool, nonanal, decanal, (E)‐2‐nonenal, and octanal, which provided fatty, green, lemon, floral, and orange aromatic notes. In conclusion, Xinjiang apricots have high nutritional and aromatic value. These results will provide a complete chemical characterization of the taste, nutritional ingredients, and aroma of Xinjiang apricots, and help breeders better develop polyphenol‐rich varieties with superior antioxidant activity.

Practical Application

This study investigated the sensory characteristics, nutritional value, antioxidant activity, and flavor of fresh apricots in Xinjiang. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the development of the sensory characteristics, aroma, nutritional value, and medicinal value of fresh apricots in Xinjiang.
Detection, quantification, and characterization of Salmonella enterica in mango, tomato, and raw chicken purchased in the central region of Mexico
Authors: Godínez‐Oviedo Angélica , Cabrera‐Díaz Elisa , Palacios‐Marmolejo Anastacio , Pérez‐Covarrubias Olga Berenice , Vargas‐Daniel Roció Candelaria , Tamplin Mark L. , Bowman John P. , Hernández‐Iturriaga Montserrat
Published: December 2021

To estimate human exposure to Salmonella enterica, it is essential to understand the pathogen distribution and characteristics. Prevalence and concentration of S. enterica were determined in mango, tomato, and raw chicken samples purchased in three states (Aguascalientes, Querétaro, and Guadalajara) located in the central region of Mexico during two seasons. In addition, S. enterica isolates were characterized by absence/presence of 13 virulence genes (chromosomal, prophage, and plasmid) and resistance to 14 antibiotics. A total of 300 samples of mango, 272 of tomato, and 354 of raw chicken were analyzed. The mean of the prevalence (24.9%) and concentration (−0.61 Log MPN/g) of S. enterica in chicken was higher than in mango (1.3%, −1.7 Log MPN/g) and tomato (1.1%, −1.7 Log MPN). Among S. enterica isolates (284), there were 7 different virulotypes, belonging 68.7% of isolates to V2; there was high variability in the presence of mobile genetic elements. The occurrence of specific mobile elements ranged from 81.4% to 11.3% among isolates. Among the isolates, 91.5% were resistant to at least one antibiotic with ampicillin being the most frequent; 54.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Data from this study can be used for quantitative microbial risk assessment of S. enterica related to mango, tomato, and raw chicken consumption in the central region of Mexico.

Practical Application

Data on the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella enterica obtained in this study can be used to estimate the exposure assessment for the consumption of mango, tomato, and chicken in the central region of Mexico. In addition, the characteristics of the S. enterica isolates could be used to select representative strains for future studies to evaluate the intraspecies variability.
Extraction and profiling of proteins in yellow powder from sweet potato starch wastewater using response surface methodology and proteomic approach
Authors: Yang Shini , Liu Haihua , Liao Xiaojun , Kong Xiankui , Xu Zhenzhen
Published: December 2021

Sweet potato starch industry produce generous high soluble solid wastewater containing various biochemicals such as proteins. The wastewater could be spray dried into a product called yellow powder (YP). Proteins in the YP were recovered and profiled in this study. The extraction conditions were optimized on dependent variables of YP material–water ratio, pH, and temperature using response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum protein yield (61.2%) using RSM were observed at a material–water ratio of 50 (mg/L), pH 9.5, and extraction temperature of 30℃. Subsequently, a total of 25 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, which mainly were sporamins, β‐amylase, starch phosphorylase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. The extraction and profiling of proteins from YP would contribute to a comprehensive utilization and added value of the wastewater produced by sweet potato starch processing industry.

Practical Application

This study reported the recovery (61.2%) of proteins and protein profile of yellow powder (byproducts) from sweet potato starch wastewater. These information could contribute to the valorization a yellow powder into high‐value ingredients.
Interaction characterization of zein with cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and its effect on the stability of mulberry anthocyanins and protein digestion
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Cheng Jing , Ma Zhen , Liang Tisong , Jing Pu
Published: December 2021

Ingredient interactions usually occur in food matrix, which may affect their functions and properties. This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of mulberry and corn protein on pigment stability and zein digestibility. The interaction of main compounds in both ingredients, that is, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) and zein, was characterized via their structural, morphological, thermal stability, and digestible properties using multi‐spectroscopic techniques, scanning electron microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and in vitro digestion models. Results showed that zein exhibited a strong binding affinity for C3G via van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds determined in fluorescence assays. The secondary structure of zein changed due to C3G binding, with a decrease in α‐helix and an increase in β‐sheet. The particle size of zein decreased after interacting with C3G. The zein complexation with mulberry anthocyanin‐rich extracts in a simulative food system did not affect the digestibility of zein significantly but enhanced the thermal stability of pigments slightly. Specifically, anthocyanins did not change the susceptibility of zein to pepsin proteolysis, suggesting that binding sites of C3G might not be the cleavage sites of pepsins. These results provide important insight into the binding mechanism of zein and anthocyanins and might help guide the design of anthocyanin‐based functional food.

Practical Application

Zein, as a storage protein widely distributed in corn flour, was commonly co‐existing with anthocyanins in starchy food. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions between zein and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. However, the interaction might not impact the zein digestion but enhance anthocyanin thermal stability. The findings of this work could throw light on the selection of ingredients rich in zein and anthocyanins in the food industry.
Geothermal Power Generation Potential in the Eastern Linqing Depression
Authors: KANG Fengxin , ZHAO Jichu , TAN Zhirong , SUI Haibo , SHI Meng
Published: December 2021

China has been the leading country worldwide in direct geothermal utilization for a rather long time, which has contributed significantly to reducing carbon emissions. But the installed capacity of geothermal power generation in China is very small, and there are only a few geothermal power plants in China, specifically in Tibet, including the well‐known Yangbajing geothermal power plant. Therefore, it is anticipated that more high‐temperature geothermal resources will be discovered in order to promote China's power generation. There is potential for high‐enthalpy geothermal in the Eastern Linqing Depression in Shandong Province, where geothermal energy is stored in Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate strata. Based on the geothermal gradient in Cenozoic strata and the depth of the target geothermal reservoir, the temperature distribution pattern of the reservoir was analyzed, and two “sweet points” were identified in the Yucheng geothermal field and the Guanxian geothermal field, where the reservoir temperature is predicted to be higher than 200°C at a depth of less than 8000 m. Due to the low karst fissure ratio and the insufficient geothermal fluid in the geothermal reservoir, it is recommended that an enhanced geothermal system be set up, to increase the permeability of the natural fracture system in the carbonate formations and provide sufficient fluid for power generation through reinjection of used geothermal fluid. The power generation capacity of the two geothermal fields was estimated using a volumetric method, revealing a power generation capacity of 1621.02 MWe for the Yucheng geothermal field, and 1287.19 MWe for the Guanxian geothermal field.
An evaluation of changes over time in the semen parameters data used for the World Health Organization semen analysis reference ranges
Authors: Feferkorn Ido , Azani Liat , Kadour‐Peero Einav , Hizkiyahu Ranit , Shrem Guy , Salmon‐Divon Mali , Dahan Michael H.
Published: December 2021

Background

Previous meta‐analyses concluded that there is a decline in sperm parameters over time. This conclusion might be incorrect due to inherent biases or focusing only on a single parameter – sperm concentration.

Objective

To study trends in sperm parameters over the past 20 years using data from the trials that defined the reference ranges of the World Health Organization manual.

Materials and methods

Retrospective evaluation of the data used to define the World Health Organization reference ranges. The data from 11 studies, including 3589 participants between 1996 and 2016, were divided into three period groups based on the decade of study. Differences in semen parameters’ distribution were presented in boxplot. p‐values were calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum test followed by Dunn post hoc test. Analyses were conducted using the R programming language.

Results

A small decrease was noted in mean sperm concentrations (88.1 million/ml, 87.6 million/ml, and 77.2 million/ml for the first, second, and third decades, respectively) (p < 0.01). However, the 5th percentile of sperm concentration for the third decade was higher than the first or second decades (18 million/ml versus 14.9 million/ml and 15 million/ml, respectively). No significant differences were noted in progressive motility over the years (p = 0.32). The percent of morphologically normal sperm decreased between the first (24.2%) and the second (12.6%) periods of the study (p < 0.001) and then increased in the third decade (14.2%) (p < 0.01). Total motile sperm count (TMC) declined between the second and third decades (189 million and 153.9 million, respectively, p < 0.001), at levels unlikely to decrease fertility. However, the 5th percentile of the TMC remained stable at 24.9, 20.8, and 20.6 million, for the first, second, and third decades respectively (p = 0.36).

Discussion and conclusion and relevance

Trends in sperm parameters over the last three decades do not seem to be clinically significant.
Efficacy and safety of ECG‐synchronized pulsatile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the clinical setting: The SynCor Trial
Authors: Voigt Ingo , Spangenberg Tobias , Ibrahim Tareq , Bradaric Christian , Viertel Achim , Tallone Ezequiel Marcelo , Skurk Carsten , Abel Peter , Graf Jochen , Rinne Torsten , Böhm Jürgen , Ghanem Alexander , Liebetrau Christoph
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are increasingly used as a treatment option in resuscitation or in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Prophylactic implantation in high‐risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HRPCI) is another upcoming indication. The i‐cor ECG‐synchronized cardiac assist device combines the hemodynamic support of a veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) with the ability to generate a pulsatile flow and thus decreasing adverse effects of VA‐ECMO on myocardial function. Aim of this study was to obtain data concerning feasibility, safety and outcomes in both indications.

Methods

A total of 47 patients (34 HRPCI, 13 CS) were included in nine German centers and participated in this study. Demographic and clinical parameters, procedural as well as follow‐up data were prospectively recorded and analyzed.

Results

Device implantation and initiation of ECG‐synchronized cardiac assist was technical successful in all cases and no failures of the consoles or disposable parts were observed. Furthermore, intended percutaneous coronary interventions and successful weaning from cardiac assist was achieved in 97.1% of HRPCI patients. We observed a 30d‐survival of 94.1% in the HRPCI group and 69.2% in the CS group. Main complications in both groups were bleeding events (14.7% HRPCI, 23.1% CS) and critical limb ischemia (2.9% HRPCI, 38.5% CS).

Conclusion

The i‐cor ECG‐synchronized cardiac assist device appears safe and feasible showing clinical outcomes comparable to existing data in the setting of high‐risk percutaneous coronary interventions and acute cardiogenic shock. Further prospective trials are warranted to identify optimal patient and interventional characteristics that will benefit most of this novel kind of mechanical circulatory support.
Is academic rigor in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) research in decline?
Authors: Sterling Sebastian Oliver , Byard Roger W.
Published: December 2021

Aim

To determine how well definitions of SIDS in the literature are being cited and referenced.

Methods

The “PubMed” database was searched for “sudden infant death syndrome” from 2020 to 2021. Of 421 original papers, 50 were randomly selected and checked to determine whether one of the three internationally accepted definitions of SIDS: Seattle, NICHD and San Diego definitions had been cited/quoted in the text and correctly referenced. Papers that incorrectly cited or did not cite one standard definitions were assigned into: (i) those that used mis‐cited, idiosyncratic or other (alternative, non‐standard) definitions and, (ii) those where there was no definition.

Results

Fifty‐six per cent of papers correctly cited standard definitions, a 12% decrease from the 68% in a similar study in 2012. Of those only 22% both correctly cited/referenced one of the standard definitions. Major issues in 78% of papers involved citing one and referencing another standard definition (N = 7, 14%), citing or referencing alternative, non‐standard definitions (N = 8, 16%) or not citing or referencing any definition (N = 24, 48%).

Conclusion

There is an increasing trend to not follow standard definitions of SIDS. This may hinder data interpretation where cases have not been appropriately defined and negatively impact upon the validity of SIDS research.
Current Status of Endoscopic Surgery in Japan: The 15th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery by the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Shiroshita Hidefumi , Inomata Masafumi , Akira Shigeo , Kanayama Hiroomi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Eguchi Susumu , Wada Norihito , Kurokawa Yukinori , Uchida Hiroki , Seki Yosuke , Ieiri Satoshi , Iwazaki Masayuki , Sato Yukio , Kitamura Kaoru , Tabata Minoru , Mimata Hiromitsu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Uemura Tetsuji , Akagi Tomonori , Taniguchi Fuminori , Miyajima Akira , Hashizume Makoto , Matsumoto Sumio , Kitano Seigo , Watanabe Masahiko , Sakai Yoshiharu
Published: December 2021

In Japan, the first endoscopic surgery, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, was performed in 1990. Since then, operative procedures have been standardized, and the safety and efficacy of endoscopic surgery have been evaluated. In accordance with the social acceptance of endoscopic surgery as a less invasive type of surgery, the number of endoscopic procedures performed has increased in all surgical domains. The Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (JSES) has played an important role in the development of endoscopic surgery in Japan. Notably, a technical skills certification system for surgeons was established by the JSES to train instructors on how to teach safe endoscopic surgery. Furthermore, the JSES has conducted a national survey every 2 years. In 2019, 291,792 patients underwent endoscopic surgery in all surgical domains, such as abdominal, thoracic, mammary and thyroid gland, cardiovascular, obstetrics and gynecology, urologic, orthopedic, and plastic surgery. The 15th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery conducted by the JSES demonstrated the status of laparoscopic surgery in Japan in 2018–2019.
Multiple cranial nerve motor deficits, resembling polyneuritis cranialis, in a cat with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Holland CT , Nott JK
Published: December 2021

A 14 plus‐year‐old (exact age unknown) neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6‐day history of rapidly evolving difficulty in eating, dropped jaw, protrusion of the tongue, sialosis, change in voice (meow softer and higher pitched) and mild variable pelvic limb weakness. Salient clinical features were a left thyroid nodule, 2/6 systolic cardiac murmur, poor body condition, hypertension, bilateral retinal haemorrhages and an increased total thyroid hormone level consistent with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism (HT). Neurological examination disclosed mild generalised weakness, bilateral visual deficits attributable to a hypertensive retinopathy and multiple cranial nerve (CN) motor deficits that included; mandibular paresis (CN V), bilateral external ophthalmoparesis (CNs III, IV, VI), bilateral facial paresis (CN VII), dysphagia (CNs IX, X), dysphonia (CN XI) and symmetrical paresis of the tongue (CN XII). Treatment with carbimazole, and subsequently, a modified extracapsular bilateral thyroidectomy resulted in a rapid improvement in neurological signs over 13 days and complete resolution by 100 days post thyroidectomy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of multiple CN motor deficits in a cat with HT and resembles polyneuritis crainialis that has recently been described in human patients with this disorder. It is suggested the underlying pathogenesis is a thyrotoxic polyneuropathy selectively affecting CN motor function, that HT needs to be considered in cats that might present with such signs and that resolution can occur with successful treatment of the HT.
Using hyperrealistic simulations to improve digital informed consent for endourological procedures
Authors: Galve Lahoz Víctor , Corbatón Gomollón David , Rodríguez‐Rubio Cortadellas Federico , Gil Martínez Pedro , Jesús Gil Sanz Maria , Rioja Zuazu Jorge
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To show that digital informed consent (DIC) improves the subjective understanding of information and, therefore, informed consent.

Patients and Methods

A nonblinded randomized controlled trial was performed in 84 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of bladder, transurethral resection of prostate, or ureterorenoscopy between July 2017 and March 2018. The DIC group watched a hyperrealistic simulation on a tablet device before surgery. After surgery and again 30 days later, both groups completed a validated questionnaire that measured subjective understanding, anxiety, and utility of and need for information.

Results

The mean ± SD age of the participants was 68.7 ± 11.1 years. Nine of 84 patients (10.7%) did not complete the questionnaire. A total of 42 patients were allocated to the DIC group and 42 to the control group. The mean ± SD score for immediate subjective understanding in the DIC group was 14.5% higher than in the control group (72% ± 17.5% vs 57.5% ± 23.5%, respectively; P = 0.006). There was no statistical difference in anxiety, utility of and need for information relative to delayed subjective understanding. In subgroup analysis, subjective understanding scores were higher, but not significantly so, among patients with low and higher education levels in the DIC group than in the control group (68% ± 18.1% vs 54% ± 22.5% [P = 0.06] and 76% ± 18.3% vs and 66% ± 21.9%, respectively [P = 0.89]).

Conclusion

Hyperrealistic simulations improved subjective understanding of information and, therefore, informed consent for endourological procedures.
Revisiting the role of surgery in the treatment of Graves’ disease
Authors: Cohen Oded , Ronen Ohad , Khafif Avi , Rodrigo Juan P. , Simo Ricard , Pace‐Asciak Pia , Randolph Gregory , Mikkelsen Lauge H. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Olsen Kerry D. , Sanabria Alvaro , Tufano Ralph P. , Babighian Silvia , Shaha Ashok R. , Zafereo Mark , Ferlito Alfio
Published: December 2021

Graves’ disease (GD) can be managed by antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) and surgery. Thyroidectomy offers the highest success rates for both primary and persistent disease, yet it is the least recommended or utilized option reaching <1% for primary disease and <25% for persistent disease. Several surveys have found surgery to be the least recommended by endocrinologists worldwide. With the development of remote access thyroidectomies and intraoperative nerve monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, combined with current knowledge of possible risks associated with RAI or failure of ATDs, revaluation of the benefit to harm ratio of surgery in the treatment of GD is warranted. The aim of this review is to discuss possible reasons for the low proportion of surgery in the treatment of GD, emphasizing an evidence‐based approach to the clinicians’ preferences for surgical referrals, surgical indications and confronting traditional reasons and concerns relating to the low referral rate with up‐to‐date data.
Paediatric anterior larynx: presentations, associations and a review of the literature
Authors: Smaily Hussein , El‐Hakim Ismaeel , El‐Hakim Hamdy
Published: December 2021

Objective

The literature on the entity of the anterior larynx (AL) is restricted to little evidence on the difficulty encountered in exposing the larynx for intubation, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and scant reports on its prevalence in general adults and children. Here, we describe the prevalence of AL in a series of children presenting with aerodigestive symptoms and explore its association with functional abnormalities, congenital and structural anomalies or conditions.

Setting

Tertiary paediatric centre.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case–control study. Using a prospectively collected surgical database, we identified patients diagnosed with AL (Grades IIb‐III‐IV Modified Cormack‐Lehane scale) and sex and age‐matched controls who had undergone full airway endoscopy for aerodigestive symptoms. We collected the demographics, presentations, associated diagnoses and investigations. We compared the proportion of patients with large airway abnormalities and dysmorphism and estimated the prevalence of AL.

Results

Over a 5.5‐year period, 58 children with AL (28 females, mean age 0.38 years) were matched with 58 controls (mean age 0.42 years). Although both groups presented with permutations of stridor, respiratory failure, cyanotic spells, swallowing and feeding difficulties and SDB, AL presented much more with swallowing and feeding problems (33 vs. 20, p < .05). There were significantly more children with dysmorphism in the AL group (29 vs. 9, p < .05). The prevalence of AL was 4.9% (SE 0.0063).

Conclusions

AL was detected in 4.9% of a sample of children who had undergone airway examination for aerodigestive symptoms. It is significantly associated with dysmorphism, and swallowing difficulties that warrant instrumental evaluation.