bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain Imaging and the Epistemology of Vision: Daniel Suarez’s Daemon and Freedom
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine
Published: June 2015

Daniel Suarez’s two novels Daemon and Freedom show how fictions simplify and distort neuroscientific results. But these same texts also demonstrate that neuroscientific research can be recontextualized to create a contemporary fable chilling in its implications. This essay explores the transformations brain imaging undergoes as it moves from scientific journals to popular science books to pulp fiction. The fictions create metaphoric frameworks that interrogate the larger implications of having human brains imaged as if they were transparent while the software creating the scans remains opaque. The result is a vivid demonstration of fiction’s power to change the terms in which we see the world.
Touching Brains
Authors: Tougaw Jason
Published: June 2015

In this essay, I focus on the portrayal of physical brains in contemporary fiction, with a particular focus on three novels: Siri Hustvedt’s The Sorrows of an American , Ian McEwan’s Saturday , and John Wray’s Lowboy . These novels represent a common literary phenomenon: the dramatization of a fantasy whereby touching brains may reveal the immaterial self. Building on William A. Cohen’s concept of material interiority, I argue that the literary portrayal of this fantasy challenges traditional understandings of interiority because they represent mental experience as a product of dynamic relationships among brain, body, social relations, and environment.
Confucian Moral Experience and Its Metaphysical Foundation: From the Point of View of Mou Zongsan
Authors: Shi Weimin , Lin Chiulo
Published: June 2015

It is argued here that Mou Zongsan, the representative thinker of contemporary Neo-Confucianism, is committed to act-deontology instead of rule-deontology. Accordingly, Mou maintains that one knows one’s duty in a concrete situation through “affectedly crossing-over” to others, which reveals the metaphysical unity of the world. Mou’s idea of intellectual intuition can be explained against the background of this metaphysical monism. Further, some critical observations are made based on a reconstruction of Mou’s philosophy with a focus, first, on how normatively relevant his philosophy is, and second, on whether his metaphysical grounding of morality is successful.
The Historical Significance and Contemporary Relevance of the Four-Seven Debate
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J.
Published: June 2015

This essay concerns some of the ways that the Four-Seven Debate, as represented by the extensive and systematic exchanges between Yi Hwang 李­滉 (Toegye 退溪) (1501–1570) and Gi Dae-seung 奇大升 (Gobong 高峰) (1527–1572) and further developed in the correspondence between Seong Hon 成渾 (Ugye 牛溪) (1535–1598) and Yi I 李珥 (Yulgok 栗谷) (1536–1584), has been and remains philosophically significant for people today. It first attempts to describe why those involved in the Four-Seven Debate took it so seriously and were inspired to produce such a remarkable legacy. It then endeavors to show how the debate relates to issues that have been explored by important thinkers within the Western philosophical tradition and how these remain problems for contemporary moral metaphysics and moral psychology.
Zhu Xi, the Four-Seven Debate, and Wittgenstein’s Dilemma
Authors: Walden Asher
Published: June 2015

The scholarly consensus on Zhu Xi is that he is brilliant but often unclear, and perhaps even inconsistent, especially with regard to the central concept of li (principle). Any interpretation of his system requires a certain amount of creative reconstruction. The purpose of this essay is to examine the attempts to elucidate Zhu Xi’s doctrine of li over the course of the Four-Seven Debate. It will be seen that the Korean philosophers T’oegye and Yulgok provide competing but complementary explanations of a pivotal issue in Zhu’s moral metaphysics, namely how the li can serve as a standard for moral goodness. However, they both stand in a certain amount of tension, not only with each other but with Zhu himself. It is hoped to show that by juxtaposing the two reconstructions the philosophical problem that arises for Zhu, and for anyone attempting a similar project, can be clarified.
Though He Is One, He Bears All Those Diverse Names: A Comparative Analysis of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa’s Argument for Toleration
Authors: Slakter David
Published: June 2015

This essay examines Jayanta Bhaṭṭa’s argument for toleration in his play, the Āgamạdambara , and proposes that it is an argument with contemporary relevance. The merits and relevance of Jayanta’s argument are demonstrated by comparison with arguments for toleration given by John Locke and Pierre Bayle. The aim of such a comparison is twofold. First is to show that Jayanta, like Locke and Bayle, appeals to epistemic humility as justification for toleration and identifies problematic contradictions in the epistemology of his opponents. Second is to forestall dismissal of the relevance of Jayanta’s argument on the basis of the claim that his views are in no way consonant with ours, as he depends on theological assumptions that we do not share and excludes from toleration groups that we would wish to include. That these problems are also present in the arguments of Locke and Bayle yet are no impediment to considering the contemporary relevance of these thinkers indicates that such problems also need not prevent serious consideration of Jayanta’s argument in the present. This essay shows as well that Jayanta’s argument may have relevance for debates concerning toleration in contemporary India, as it indicates a certain conception of toleration, which has in the past been associated primarily with European Modernity, to be indigenous to India.
A Reconsideration of the Mutual Issuance Theory in Yi T’oegye’s Neo-Confucianism
Authors: Kim Sung Won
Published: June 2015

To elucidate the mutual issuance theory in the Neo-Confucian philosophy of Yi T’oegye 李退溪 (1501–1570) is the precise endeavor of this essay, in order to find out if it is still philosophically meaningful and applicable for contemporary interpretations of the world. Presupposing bipolarity of principle and material force, physical and conceptual prehension, or matter-energy and information, it argues that the process o f attunement of the world is completed by the mutual issuance of material force and principle, or matter-energy and information. Whitehead believed physical prehension is prior to conceptual prehension in the process of making a subjective aim of each event. This essay asserts that the process could happen by way of mutual conceptual and physical prehension, and that priority does not always belong to physical prehension, but either one of them can make it a priority to move forward, as seen in the mutual issuance theory of T’oegye’s Neo-Confucianism. Principle or information does not always just lure, but initiatively informs matter-energy in order to allow for a new, emerging event in the mutual issuance process.
Can Bodaishin Be a Cause of Rebirth?: Reconsidering the Doctrinal Conflict between Hōnen and Myōe
Authors: Suhara Eiji
Published: June 2015

Genkūbō Hōnen’s (1133–1212) Pure Land discourse, centered on recitation practice (nembutsu) , discards all other Buddhist practices, including raising bodaishin . Such an exclusive attitude offended other monks such as Myōe who believed that bodaishin is a prerequisite and goal of Buddhist soteriology and thus cannot be neglected. This contrast between Hōnen and Myōe has been demonstrated and reinforced by several scholars as a typical ideological difference between New Kamakura Buddhism and Old Buddhism. However, by using some methodological insights from “Western” scholarship, this article reexamines a doctrinal conflict between Hōnen and Myōe and proposes that the latter’s criticism of the former did not hit a point, as they actually argue bodaishin from different aspects, one from a shallow and the other from a deep level. Whereas Myōe was a “dreamer” and optimistic that people could perform both shallower and deeper levels of bodaishin , Hōnen was a radical monk who emphasized a more realistic view: that most people are not capable of maintaining such practices from the beginning. Instead, Hōnen offered people nembutsu as a method to cultivate bodaishin .
Metabolizing Anger: A Tantric Buddhist Solution to the Problem of Moral Anger
Authors: McRae Emily
Published: June 2015

One of the main obstacles to thinking clearly about the morality of anger is that we have two competing intuitions: we think that the effects of anger are often bad, destroying both our relationships and our peace of mind, and that the expression of anger in response to injustice can be good or even required. The tension caused by these competing intuitions has long been noted in Western philosophical works on anger and has led to two distinct approaches to the problem of moral anger, the moderation approach and the elimination approach. Here it is argued that neither approach can fully make sense of the moral contours of anger. A third view on anger is defended, the Tantric view, according to which moral excellence involves a sophisticated facility with complex emotional states. In the presentation of the Tantric view, two tenth-century Buddhist texts are referred to, both by the Indian Buddhist philosopher Dharmaraksita.
Other-Emptiness in the Jonang School: The Theo-logic of Buddhist Dualism
Authors: Duckworth Douglas S.
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to clarify the meaning of other-emptiness in the Jonang ( jo nang ) tradition of Buddhism of Tibet. The focus is on the writings of Dölpopa ( dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan , 1292–1361), the renowned forefather of this tradition. Dölpopa famously differentiated two types of emptiness, or two ways of being empty—self-emptiness ( rang stong ) and other-emptiness ( gzhan stong )—and proclaimed the superiority of the latter. Dölpopa maintains that other-emptiness is better because it represents what really exists while self-emptiness does not, and that it also offers a more effective means to access the real. While Dölpopa is famous for asserting the real existence of a nondual ultimate reality, it is argued here that his depiction of other-emptiness represents a fairly clear-cut account of dualism.
Jayarāśi’s Delightful Destruction of Epistemology
Authors: Mills Ethan
Published: June 2015

It is argued here that Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa (ca. 770–830 c.e .) is both a Cārvāka and a skeptic, although he is a skeptic about epistemology rather than a skeptic about the external world or a global skeptic about knowledge. After remarks on the Cārvākas and Indian skepticism, Jayarāśi’s arguments against Dignāga and Dharmakīrti are considered. Jayarāśi tries to demonstrate that in the context of epistemology, epistemology self-destructs, while in the context of everyday life there is no need for epistemology. Lastly, how Jayarāśi’s skepticism serves his Cārvāka sympathies is considered.
Gandhi’s Devotional Political Thought
Authors: Gray Stuart , Hughes Thomas M.
Published: June 2015

The political thought of Mohandas K. Gandhi increasingly has been used as a paradigmatic example of hybrid political thought that developed out of a cross-cultural dialogue of Eastern and Western influences. With a novel unpacking of this hybridity, this article focuses on the conceptual influences that Gandhi explicitly stressed in his autobiography and other writings, particularly the works of Leo Tolstoy and the Bhagavad Gītā. This new tracing of influence in the development of Gandhi’s thought alters the substantive thrust of Gandhi’s thought away from more familiar quasi-liberal interpretations and toward a far more substantive bhakti or devotional understanding of politics. The analysis reveals a conception of politics that is not pragmatic in its use of non-violence, but instead points to a devotional focus on cultivating the self (ātman) , ultimately dissolving the public/private distinction on which many readings of Gandhi’s thought depend.
International Migration and Employment in Australia
Authors: McDonald Peter
Published: June 2015

The paper describes the evolution of migration policy in Australia from the 1950s onwards. It focuses in particular on the period after 1995 when the Australian Government concentrated its migration program on skilled immigrants, both permanent and temporary. While conceived as separate programs, over time, the permanent and temporary movements have been merged so that most new permanent skilled immigrants make an application on shore while holding a temporary resident visa. This approach seems to have served Australia well in a time of strong labour demand and a dwindling domestic supply of labour. Australia’s international program will be important in the future as it slows the pace of population ageing and provides necessary skills to an otherwise static labour force.
G.I. Joe vs. Barbie: Anti-fandom, fashion, dolls, and one-sixth scale action figures
Authors: Godwin Victoria
Published: June 2015

Fans of one-sixth scale action figures minimize the importance and worth of fashion and dolls in order to counter negative stereotypes that feminize fans in general, especially fans of toys resembling dolls. This apparent anti-fandom wards against further feminization due to fan practices incorporating feminized knowledge, skill and labour to clothe those toys. Previous scholarly analyses minimize or erase the multivalent roles of one-sixth scale action figures. However, this fandom uses both fashion and dolls to alter the roles of action figures, indicating that more complex interactions of fans and their supposed objects of anti-fandom are worth additional academic examination.
‘What Would Sagan Do?’1: The fandom and anti-fandom of Carl Sagan
Authors: Lachney Michael
Published: June 2015

This article asks the question: in what ways can Carl Sagan fans and anti-fans be understood within a larger participatory science culture? To answer this question, I use Jonathan Gray’s theory of paratextuality to show how the study of Carl Sagan fandom can contribute to discussions on public participation in science. I draw from Matt Hills, to develop the term secular-religiosity. This term helps to describe how popular texts that feature Sagan allow room for audiences to access scientific knowledge and incorporate it into everyday belief systems. Next, I map a fan-generated Sagan-inspired group of paratexts onto Massimiano Bucchi and Federico Neresini’s public participation in science graph to show that Sagan fans who reproduce secular-religiosity engage in low-intensity but spontaneous forms of public participation in science. I explore these forms of participation by categorizing four types of paratextual routes that Sagan fans and anti-fans create for engaging secular-religiosity. I end with a discussion on how the study of Sagan fandom can help build bridges between public participation in science and fan studies.
Mad Men fans speak via social media: What fan voices reveal about the social construction of reality via dramatic fiction
Authors: Dill-Shackleford Karen E. , Hopper-Losenicky Kristin , Vinney Cynthia , Swain Lisa F. , Hogg Jerri Lynn
Published: June 2015

Fans of complex television dramas often watch because of eudaimonic motivations – the desire to make meaning from media, to explore their own emotions and to learn about the human experience through the exploration of novel experiences that audio-visual fiction affords. This study analyses the psychology of how fans of Mad Men (2007) construct social realities via online discussions of some of the major relationships and storylines on the show. Our primary goal was to understand how fans create reality from fantasy and our focus was on social relationships and individual character analyses. Using a social science approach, we performed both a computer-automated and an expert-driven thematic analysis on 209 fan comments harvested from social media. The automated analysis revealed common emotional expressions, such as associating hate with the character Betty Draper. The expert analysis revealed that many of fans’ social media conversations centred on evaluating Don and Betty Draper as parents, spouses and people, either condemning or defending them in each of these roles. Fans were evenly split between Betty supporters and detractors. Betty was most likely to be defended as a person and condemned as a mother. In contrast, three fourths of fans condemned Don. This condemnation was mostly directed towards him as a person and spouse, not as a father. We situate these findings in an interdisciplinary literature and explain the psychology behind why and how fans use fiction both to empathize with others and to explore their own realities. We explain from a positive psychology perspective that our analysis of fans’ social media commentary exemplifies how television fandom for complex dramas can be healthy and psychologically beneficial.
Fannies and fanzines: Mail art and fan clubs in the 1970s
Authors: Olds Kirsten
Published: June 2015

This article observes and explores the rise of a particular type of fan club the fan club as an artistic form. It addresses why the fan club became a popular format for artists to appropriate in the 1970s in the United States and Canada, especially in the international correspondence art scene, where participants used the mail as a medium for circulating postcards, letters, flyers, self-designed little magazines and other materials. I contend that fan clubs were counterpublics that offered the mail artists an apt forum for the self-conscious creation of alternatives to the art world, the mass media and mainstream entertainment, so that they could work out individual and collective identities, in particular, the expression of queer identities.
Everybody’s bi in the future: Constructing sexuality in the Star Trek Reboot fandom
Authors: Coker Cait
Published: June 2015

Star Trek fandom is well known as the cradle of slash fiction, particularly Kirk/Spock (K/S) or fiction focusing on the romance between Kirk and Spock. The 2009 film that rebooted the franchise likewise rebooted its fandom, creating several factions in response to the newly canonical Spock/Uhura romance. This article overviews the history of Star Trek slash and investigates how the introduction of Reboot pairings in fandom takes on historic resonances, rewrites historic characterizations and introduces new genres and tropes into the fan writing of this franchise.
Con culture: A survey of fans and fandom
Authors: Kington Candie Syphrit
Published: June 2015

Fandom is a collective subculture composed of fans of wide range of media whose shared interests serve as the basis of their communal identity. Fan conventions serve as loci of fan activity uniting fans from multiple fandoms. Whether the convention is industry or fan run, whether it is dedicated to anime, gaming, sci-fi, a specific show, or another fandom, there are certain essential elements that are part of the prototypical convention. The convention will feature guests of interest to the attendees, provide entertaining content in the form of panels and events, and will have a commerce space. This paper, and the survey data it was derived from, focuses on identifying the basics of convention participation. Data analysed includes demographics of attendees, standards of fandom participation, trends in convention attendance, frequency of and preference for participation in convention activities, attitudes towards conventions in general, and barriers preventing convention attendance or participation.
Reviews
Authors: Williams Rebecca , Godwin Victoria L.
Published: June 2015

Fandom, Image and Authenticity: Joy Devotion and the Second Lives of Kurt Cobain and Ian Curtis, Jennifer Otter Bickerdike (2014) Hampshire: Palgrave, 199 pp., ISBN: 9781137393524, h/bk, £60

Cult collectors: Nostalgia, fandom and collecting popular culture, Lincoln Geraghty (2014) London: Routledge, 212 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-61766-6, p/bk, $39.95
El modelo europeo de protección a la infancia en internet. Del cuidado a la responsabilidad
Authors: García Gutiérrez Juan
Published: July 2015

A lo largo de la historia, las jóvenes generaciones nunca como ahora habían tenido la posibilidad de acceder tan rápido a las innovaciones tecnológicas de su tiempo. Además, este acceso se produce sin apenas mediación por las generaciones adultas (padres, educadores, colegio, etc.). El ciberespacio y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación se nos descubren como un ámbito especialmente sensible para la protección de colectivos vulnerables. Este trabajo trata de ofrecer un acercamiento hermenéutico a la doctrina jurídico-política elaborada por las instituciones comunitarias (principalmente por la Comisión) y un análisis filosófico-educativo de lo que hemos dado en llamar «modelo europeo para la protección a la infancia online», su especificidad y sus limitaciones en aras de avanzar hacia un enfoque más global e integrador y, por lo tanto, pedagógico.
Osteoclacin expression during autogenous onlay bone grafts with or without resorbable collagen membrane in diabetic rats
Authors: Bernardo Daniella Vicensotto , Tera Tabata de Mello , De Marco Andrea Carvalho , Melo Filho Antonio Braulino de , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves
Published: July 2015

Objective: This study aimed to quantify through immunohistochemistry the expression of bone formation marker osteocalcin during the repair process of autogenous onlay bone graft, associated or not to the resorbable collagen membrane and to compare these findings with the presence of Diabetes Mellitus. Material and Methods: Sixty rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus variation, Wistar) aged 90 days, were divided into two groups with 30 animals: test group – rats with induced diabetes; control group - normoglycemic rats. All rats received grafts on the left and right hemi-mandible with or without collagen membrane coverage, respectively. The animals were euthanized at the following periods: 0h, 7, 14, 21, 45, and 60 days. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed by the marker osteocalcin at receptor site-graft interface. To analyze osteocalcin immunohistochemical expression, a panoramic view photograph of the graft was taken followed by two photographs at larger magnification. Results: No statistically significances at 5% level were observed between diabetic and control group with and without membrane; and diabetic and control groups with membrane coverage. Conclusion: Within the limits of this present study, it can be concluded that the osteocalcin marker might be influenced by diabetes so that it was late expressed during this condition. However, the association of the graft with the membrane could improve this delay by reaching expression values similar to those of control group.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES CLIMATÉRICAS COMPARADA COM O USO DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Freitas Ronilson Ferreira , Freitas Tahiana Ferreira , Viana Thércia Guedes , Royo Vanessa de Andrade , Brant Rocha Josiane Santos , Chaves Pereira Reis Vivianne Margareth , Assis Jadson Rabelo , França Dorothéa Schmidt
Published: July 2015

O Brasil está em um processo de envelhecimento, com aumento significativo do número de mulheres que vivenciam a síndrome do climáterio e o consumo de medicamentos. Assim, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, de cunho quantitativo, envolvendo 626 mulheres climatéricas atendidas nas ESF de Montes Claros, MG. Foram coletados dados relacionados ao perfil sócio-demográfico e clínico das mulheres climatéricas. Para a avaliação da qualidade de vida, foi utilizada a Escala de Avaliação da Menopausa (Menopause Rating Scale – MRS). Para comparar a qualidade de vida com o uso de medicamentos, foi utilizado o teste t de student, com nível de significância de 5%. Houve predominância de mulheres de faixa etária entre 45 a 59 anos (59,3%) com grau de instrução menor que nove anos de estudo formal (72,0 %), com companheiro fixo (64,2%) e renda familiar entre um e dois salários mínimos (43,9%). No que se refere à prática de atividade física, 77,8% das mulheres responderam não praticar atividade física. Houve prevalência de mulheres não fumantes (83,7%). Dentre as entrevistadas, 75,2% informaram ser hipertensas e 70,8% informaram utilizar medicamentos de maneira geral no seu dia a dia. A comparação dos itens da qualidade de vida com o consumo de medicamentos revelou a presença de diferenças (p< 0,05) no escore total da escala e em relação aos sintomas somato-vegetativos, psicológicos e urogenitais, com valores médios mais acentuados nas mulheres que utilizavam medicamentos.
Notes from the Editors, July-August 2015
Authors: The Editors -
Published: July 2015

buy this issue
May's Review of the Month, "Honor the Vietnamese, Not Those Who Killed Them" by MR Associate Editor Michael D. Yates, has elicited many responses. One writer said that Yates had written the best, but perhaps the first, Marxist analysis of the war. Another praised Monthly Review for having the courage to publish this article. Still a third predicted that in the more distant future, humanity would embrace the essay's judgment and honor the Vietnamese people for their heroic struggle against the overwhelming might of the U.S. military.… In light of these comments, as well as the subject matter of this double issue of Monthly Review on imperialism, we thought it might be worthwhile to say something more about what the Vietnamese themselves naturally enough call the American War, with an eye toward drawing important lessons useful for contemporary radicals.

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Imperialism in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Smith John
Published: July 2015

The globalization of production and its shift to low-wage countries is the most significant and dynamic transformation of the neoliberal era. Its fundamental driving force is what some economists call "global labor arbitrage": the efforts by firms in Europe, North America, and Japan to cut costs and boost profits by replacing higher-waged domestic labor with cheaper foreign labor, achieved either through emigration of production ("outsourcing," as used here) or through immigration of workers. Reduction in tariffs and removal of barriers to capital flows have spurred the migration of production to low-wage countries, but militarization of borders and rising xenophobia have had the opposite effect on the migration of workers from these countries—not stopping it altogether, but inhibiting its flow and reinforcing migrants' vulnerable, second-class status.

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Heat Flow in the Casting – Mould System for Moulds with Gypsum and Cement Binder
Authors: Cholewa M. , Kozakiewicz Ł.
Published: July 2015

The production of thin-walled castings with wall thickness in the range of 1.5 to 3 mm and below requires the development of insulation moulding sands and/or core materials. The test has been taken to develop these kind of materials. The study included a description of their thermophysical properties. Authors described problems related to the heat flow in the casting-mould system, i.e. mathematically described the main dependence of heat give-up during crystallization of the casting. The influence of the content of polyglicol on the thermophysical properties of the mould with gypsum and cement binder was examined. Using the ATD method determined were the increments ΔT1 and ΔT2 describing the temperature changes in the mould during crystallization of hypoeutectic alloy of AlSi6 and the temperature difference between casting material and mould during the crystallization. In the considered range of technological parameters a description of the heat flow kinetics was given.
Diffusion Coefficient in the Zinc Coating Shaped on the Surface of Cast Iron and Steel Alloys
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. , Szczęsny A. , Siekaniec D.
Published: July 2015

The article presents the method to assess the diffusion coefficient D in the sub-layer of intermetallic phases formed during hot-dip galvanizing “Armco” iron and ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7. Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the most popular forms of long-term protection of Fe-C alloys against corrosion. The process for producing a protective layer of sufficient quality is closely related to diffusion of atoms of zinc and iron. The simulation consist in performed a hot-dip galvanizing in laboratory condition above Fe-C alloys, in the Department of Engineering of Cast Alloys and Composites. Galvanizing time ranged from 15 to 300 seconds. Then metallographic specimens were prepared, intermetallic layers were measured and diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. It was found that the diffusion coefficient obtained during hot-dip galvanizing “Armco” iron and zinc is about two orders of magnitude less than the coefficient obtained on ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7.
Shield Effect Of Functional Interlining Fabric
Authors: Šaravanja Bosiljka , Malarić Krešimir , Pušić Tanja , Ujević Darko
Published: July 2015

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) have become very serious in a variety of different electronic equipments, such as personal computers (frequency at several GHz), mobile devices (0.9 – 2.4 GHz) and similar. This imposes the need for setting boundaries for EM emission of electric and electronic devices in order to minimize the possibility of interference with radio and wireless communications. Functional textiles can offer protective properties against EM radiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the degree of protection against EM radiation provided by polyamide copper-coated interlining fabric before and after dry cleaning treatment. EM protection efficiency of the interlining functional fabric is explored on both sides at the frequencies of 0.9; 1.8; 2.1 and 2.4 GHz. The results obtained have shown that the interlining fabric has good protective properties against EM radiation, but after dry cleaning, treatment reduction is observed. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the interlining surface confirms shield effect decline due to degradation and firing of the copper layers during the process of dry cleaning.
Structuring power: business and authority beyond the nation state
Authors: Farrell Henry , Newman Abraham L.
Published: July 2015

What is the relationship between globalization and the political power of business? Much of the existing literature focuses on the ability of mobile capital to threaten exit in order to press for more business friendly rules. In this article, we refine arguments about exit options in global markets by arguing that the relative exit options available to business and other actors are neither fixed, nor exogenous consequences of some generically conceived process of globalization. Instead, they themselves are the result of struggles between actors with different interests and political opportunities. Since exit options play a crucial role in determining the relative structural power of business vis-à-vis other actors, we dub the power to shape exit optionsstructuring power, distinguishing it from structural power, and argue that it is crucial to explaining it. We identify two channels through which actors can shape exit options – extending jurisdictional reach and reshaping the rules of other jurisdictions – and the factors that will make regulators and business more or less capable of exercising structuring power. We then use two exploratory case studies – one involving privacy regulation, the other accountancy standards – to illustrate how structuring power can work to shape exit options, and thus structural power. We conclude by considering the relationship between structuring power, structural power, and the existing literature in comparative and international political economy.
Lichens And Allied Fungi From The Čepkeliai State Nature Reserve (Southern Lithuania)
Authors: Motiejūnaitė Jurga
Published: July 2015

Results of inventory of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied saprobic fungi from the Čepkeliai State Nature Reserve are presented. From this largest in Lithuania mire complex, altogether 207 species (of these, 180 species of lichens, 22 lichenicolous and 5 non-lichenized saprobic fungi) are reported. One lichenized – Fuscidea praeruptorum and two lichenicolous species – Sphaerellothecium cladoniae and Taeniolella cladinicola are reported for the first time in Lithuania. Two lichenicolous fungi – Endococcus tricolorans and Nectriopsis cariosae are reported for the first time in the Baltic region. Parmelia and Pseudevernia are reported as new host genera for Endococcus tricolorans.
Fungal Diversity And Seasonal Succession Under Invasive Moss Campylopus Introflexus And Other Plants In Disturbed Peatlands
Authors: Repečkienė Jūratė , Jukonienė Ilona , Salina Olga
Published: July 2015

The distribution of invasive moss Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. may have negative influence on natural restoration of plant cover in peatlands due to the accumulation of heavy decomposing residues and suppression of the growth of microorganisms in peat. Species composition of fungal communities and seasonal succession under mosses C. introflexus and Polytrichum strictum, vascular plant Calluna vulgaris and bare peat were studied in two naturally regenerating disturbed peatlands in Lithuania. Cultivable fungi were isolated from peat and enumerated by applying the serial dilution plate technique. A total of 66 species of fungi ascribed to 21 genera (among these 30 species from 13 genera under moss C. introflexus) were identified. Fungus species of the genera Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mortierella and Paecilomyces dominated. The highest diversity of fungal species was found in Laukėsa under Calluna vulgaris. Differences in the structure of fungal communities were found in Mūšos Tyrelis in autumn and in Laukėsa in spring. Significant differences in species diversity under various plants were obtained only in summer. The Gleason species diversity index for peat under C. introflexus was not very high (1.77–2.58) in different seasons. Fungal species composition under moss C. introflexus did not show pronounced characteristic peculiarities compared to other plants and was similar to that in bare peat. The obtained data are important for the prediction of fungal community succession in peatlands and biodegradation level of plant residues.
Effect of Some Treatments on Seed Dormancy, Germination And Antioxidant Enzymes of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff. Seeds
Authors: Shaykhi A. Hassan , Nassiry B. Majd , Kachouei M. Ataei
Published: July 2015

Seed dormancy provides a mechanism for plants to delay germination until conditions are optimal for survival of the next generation. Dormancy release is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals with both synergistic and competing effects. In many cases, viable seeds are called dormant, when they are simply not germinating. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (wild celery) is a medicinal plant (kind of umbelliferous) of Iran. Seeds of K. odoratissima often germinate poorly in the nursery, because of their seeds have a dormancy. Thus shortening the dormancy and increasing germination with laboratory methods can be effective in restoring the plant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect different methods of breaking of dormancy on germination of Kelussia odoratissima. Experiments used were stratification (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks), stratification and gibberellin and stratification and nitrate potassium. Results showed that stratification, stratification and gibberellin and stratification and nitrate potassium increased germination characteristics and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The highest germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were attained from stratification and gibberellin 500 ppm and stratification and nitrate potassium 1%. In general, results showed that stratification and gibberellic acid (500 ppm) is the best treatment for breaking of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. seed dormancy and in seeds antioxidant enzymes could trigger germination
Relationships of self-efficacy beliefs to executive functions, hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention in school-aged children
Authors: Gambin Małgorzata , Święcicka Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

Executive function deficits, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention can have a negative impact on a child’s self-efficacy beliefs. Forty-eight children with high intensity ADHD symptoms and 56 children with low intensity symptoms in ages 8 to 10 years completed the Self-Efficacy Scale for Children and executive function tests. Rating Scales for Teachers and Parents were completed for each child to measure the ADHD symptoms. ADHD symptoms and executive function deficits were associated with lower self-efficacy beliefs especially in two spheres: academic achievement and self-control. Implications of these findings for child therapy are discussed.
The prognostic value of whole blood SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 mRNA expression in advanced small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Sodja Eva , Rijavec Matija , Koren Ana , Sadikov Aleksander , Korošec Peter , Cufer Tanja
Published: July 2015

Background

The data on expression and clinical impact of cancer stem cell markers SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 in lung cancer is still lacking. The aim of our study was to compare SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 mRNA expression levels in whole blood between advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and healthy controls, and to correlate mRNA expression with progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) in advanced SCLC patients.

Patients and methods

50 advanced SCLC patients treated with standard chemotherapy and followed at University Clinic Golnik, Slovenia, between 2009 and 2013 were prospectively included. SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 mRNA expression levels were determined using TaqMan qPCR in whole blood collected prior to chemotherapy. Whole blood of 34 matched healthy individuals with no cancerous disease was also tested.

Results

SOX2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in whole blood of SCLC patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.006). Significant correlation between SOX2 mRNA expression levels and the number of distant metastatic sites was established (p = 0.027). In survival analysis, patients with high SOX2 expression had shorter OS (p = 0.017) and PFS (p = 0.046). In multivariate Cox analysis, an independent value of high SOX2 expression for shorter OS (p = 0.002), but not PFS was confirmed. No significant differences were observed for NANOG or OCT4 expression levels when comparing SCLC patients and healthy controls neither when analysing survival outcomes in SCLC patients.

Conclusions

SOX2 mRNA expression in whole blood might be a promising non-invasive marker for molecular screening of SCLC and important prognostic marker in advanced chemotherapy-treated SCLC patients, altogether indicating important role of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) regulators in cancer spread. Further evaluation of SOX2 as a possible screening/prognostic marker and a therapeutic target of SCLC is warranted.
Cycloids on the Spherical Surface
Authors: Olejníková Tatiana
Published: July 2015

The article describes the creation of the normal cycloidal curve by rotation of the point about the normal of the circle on the spherical surface and binormal cycloidal curve created by rotation of the point about the binormal of the previous cycloidal curve. Cycloidal cyclical surfaces are created by moving circles along the curves lying in the normal plane of the curves. Described cycloidal cyclical surfaces are projected on the spherical surface. Varying parameters of the curves are generated different ornaments on the spherical surface.
San rock art: evidence and argument
Authors: Lewis-Williams J. David , Pearce David G.
Published: July 2015

Whether or not a ‘trance-dance’ akin to that of today's Kalahari San (Bushmen) was performed by southern /Xam San in the nineteenth century has long been the subject of intense debate. Here the authors point to parallels between nineteenth-century records of San life and beliefs and twentieth-century San ethnography from the Kalahari Desert in order to argue that this cultural practice was shared by these two geographically and chronologically distant groups. More significantly, it is suggested that these ethnographic parallels allow a clearer understanding of the religious and ritual practices depicted in the southern San rock art images.
Carney complex: an update
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Salpea Paraskevi , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: July 2015

Carney complex (CNC) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by pigmented lesions of the skin and mucosa, cardiac, cutaneous and other myxomas and multiple endocrine tumors. The disease is caused by inactivating mutations or large deletions of thePRKAR1Agene located at 17q22–24 coding for the regulatory subunit type I alpha of protein kinase A (PKA) gene. Most recently, components of the complex have been associated with defects of other PKA subunits, such as the catalytic subunits PRKACA (adrenal hyperplasia) and PRKACB (pigmented spots, myxomas, pituitary adenomas). In this report, we review CNC, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and molecular etiology, includingPRKAR1Amutations and the newest onPRKACAandPRKACBdefects especially as they pertain to adrenal tumors and Cushing's syndrome.
Características del sometimiento presente en secuestros extorsivos desde la percepción de los profesionales que laboran en el Grupo de Acción Unificada por la Libertad Personal, GAULA, Cundinamarca
Authors: Duarte Mendoza Martha G. , Mancera Bernal Gabriel , Rodriguez Morales Carlos A.
Published: July 2015

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo conocer las características del sometimiento en el secuestro extorsivo cometido por grupos al margen de la ley, a partir de encuestas aplicadas a los profesionales que laboran en los grupos de acción unificada por la libertad personal, GAULA, militar y de la Policía Nacional. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo de tipo no experimental, transaccional. La hipótesis del estudio busca comprobar la existencia de diferencias en las estrategias empleadas por los diferentes grupos ilegales para someter a sus víctimas. Los resultados permitieron establecer que la existencia de diferencias en las características del sometimiento presentes en secuestros extorsivos no depende de la organización a la que pertenece el grupo captor, sino del lugar de operaciones de éste, independientemente de su pertenencia a una organización para el caso de la subversión y las autodefensas.

Palabras clave: secuestro, sometimiento, extorsión, víctima, cautiverio.
Depresión en personas diagnosticadas con cáncer
Authors: Valencia Lara Sandra Carolina
Published: July 2015

En el ámbito de la salud, se han observado conexiones entre la enfermedad médica y morbilidad psicológica. La condición biológica y psicológica propia de algunas enfermedades, parece favorecer la aparición de síntomas psicológicos que a menudo son confundidos con los síntomas de la enfermedad o los síntomas producidos por los tratamientos de la misma. Se considera que los trastornos psiquiátricos son frecuentes en personas con cáncer, en especial la depresión. En este artículo se hace una revisión de los factores de riesgo para este trastorno reportados en la literatura, así como la formulación del diagnóstico y tratamiento en personas con cáncer.

Palabras clave: Depresión, cáncer, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, tratamiento.
La trayectoria de la asistencia social en Brasil: atención a la familia y el lugar de la psicología
Authors: Rodriguez da Cruz Lilian , Duque-Estrada Scarparo Maria De Lourdes , Guareschi Neuza Maria de Fátima
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo tiene por objeto recorrer la trayectoria de las políticas sociales públicas en Brasil con foco en la constitución de la política de asistencia social. Considerando que desde la Constitución Federal de 1988 hasta el actual Sistema Único de Asistencia Social la familia tiene prioridad en Ley, centramos nuestra discusión en los programas sociales de atención a la familia, trayendo problematizaciones para las prácticas de la psicología.

Palabras clave: Políticas sociales públicas, asistencia social, familia, psicología.
Síndrome de Burnout en monitores que actúan en una fundación de protección especial
Authors: HahnMay Karine , Carlotto Sandra
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el síndrome de Burnout en monitores que actúan en una fundación de protección especial. También buscó identificar relaciones de las dimensiones de Burnout con variables demográficas, profesionales y psicosociales. Se utilizó como instrumento de investigación el MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) y un cuestionario elaborado específicamente para este estudio, con el fin de evaluar las otras variables. La muestra fue conformada por 37 monitores de una fundación de protección. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la prueba t de student, ANOVA y correlación de Pearson, revelaron que las dimensiones de Burnout se asociaron a la carga horaria desempeñada, al tiempo de experiencia en la función y el lugar, a la idea de desistir de la profesión, a la satisfacción percibida en el trabajo y a la percepción de que la profesión es estresante.

Palabras clave: Burnout, estrés ocupacional.
Agnosia integrativa causada por una epilepsia focal occipital izquierda: estudio de caso
Authors: Aguilar Mejía Óscar Mauricio , Ramírez Bermejo Beatriz , Silva Martín Luis Manuel
Published: July 2015

Resumen
 La agnosia integrativa es un tipo de agnosia visual asociada a lesiones occipitales bilaterales que se caracteriza por la incapacidad para identificar estímulos en fondos complejos, especialmente, cuando se trata de formas superpuestas o entrelazadas. Existen dificultades para codificar y agrupar el todo a partir de las partes del estímulo. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 14 años, con una agnosia integrativa como consecuencia de una epilepsia focal sintomática refractaria, con un foco epileptogénico occipital izquierdo. Se plantean las características clínicas de la paciente y se hace un análisis de sus procesos de reconocimiento visual discutidos a partir de los diferentes modelos teóricos que tratan de explicar la percepción visual.

Palabras clave: agnosia visual, agnosia integrativa, epilepsia.
Construcción y validación de una medida de clima organizacional
Authors: Marín Rueda Fabián Javier , Angeli dos Santos Acácia Aparecida
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del estudio fue construir y buscar evidencias de validez con base en el análisis de la estructura interna de una escala para evaluar el clima organizacional, así como también analizar su consistencia interna. Participaron 1412 trabajadores con edades entre 18 y 65 años, provenientes de universidades y de empresas de tamaño medio. En el estudio de los resultados se recurrió al análisis factorial exploratorio, que indicó la existencia de cinco factores, 'Comunicación, integración y satisfacción'; 'Desarrollo profesional y beneficios'; 'Ergonomia'; 'Condiciones de trabajo' y 'Proceso de decisión'. El análisis de la consistencia interna indicó valores de alfa adecuados. Se sugiere que otros estudios de validez sean realizados, especialmente de criterio, para ofrecer evidencias sobre la adecuación del instrumento.

Palabras clave: Psicología del trabajo, instrumentos de medida, psicometría, evaluación psicológica, clima organizacional.