bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Transition Metal Complexes with Bidentate Schiff Base Derived from 3‐Acetyl‐6‐methyl‐(2H)‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione
Authors: Mane Praveen S. , Salunke Sanjiv M. , More Balagi S.
Published: April 2012

The solid complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with Schiff base ligands derived from heterocyclic compounds 3‐acetyl‐6‐methyl‐(2H)‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione (Dehydroacetic acid) and o‐chloroaniline were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance, magnetic, thermal, UV‐Vis and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The ligand field parameters have been evaluated for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes which suggest an octahedral geometry for each of them. The magnetic moment and spectral data suggest the dimeric nature of Mn(II) complexes with octahedral geometry. The fungicidal activities of the ligands and their metal complexes have been screened in vitro against Aspergillus niger and the percentage inhibition of the metal complexes is found to be increased considerably then that of their corresponding ligands and the order is Cu>Ni>Fe>Mn>Co.
Gypsum‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H) Under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Boumoud Taoues , Boumoud Boudjemaa , Mosset Paul , Debache Abdelmadjid
Published: April 2012

In view of the emerging importance of the green chemistry principles in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, we disclose, herein, a new economic approach producing the biologically active dihydropyrimidinones in good yields using the solventless one‐pot Biginelli condensation in the presence of gypsum as an environmental friendly and recycled catalyst.
Kinetics and Oxidation of Substituted Benzyl Alcohols by Phenyliodoso Acetate
Authors: Girija R. , Aruna S.
Published: April 2012

Oxidation of benzyl alcohol and some meta‐ and para‐ substituted alcohols by phenyliodoso acetate (PIA) in t‐butyl alcohol–water medium (50:50) leads to the formation of corresponding benzaldehyde. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1. The reaction was first order each in substrate and oxidant concentrations. This reaction was studied at four different temperatures and the activation parameters were calculated. Correlation analysis was carried out using Taft’s and Swain’s dual substituent parameter (DSP) equation. The rate data of meta‐ compounds showed good correlation with (F,R) values, para‐substituted benzyl alcohols showed good correlation with σIσR+ A suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on Lipoprotein and Lipid Deregulation
Authors: Fon Tacer Klementina , Rozman Damjana
Published: April 2012

Obesity with associated comorbidities is currently a worldwide epidemic and among the most challenging health conditions in the 21st century. A major metabolic consequence of obesity is insulin resistance which underlies the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It comprises a disease spectrum ranging from simple steatosis (fatty liver), through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, and ultimately liver cirrhosis. Abnormality in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism accompanied by chronic inflammation is the central pathway for the development of metabolic syndrome-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and NAFLD. This paper focuses on pathogenic aspect of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in NAFLD and the relevant mouse models of this complex multifactorial disease.
Synthesis of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Azines Encompassing Naphtho[2,1‐b]furan by a Novel Approach
Authors: Veena K. , Ramaiah M. , Vanita G. K. , Avinash T. S. , Vaidya V. P.
Published: April 2012

The starting material 3‐nitro‐2‐acetylnaphtho[2,1‐b]furan (2) was obtained by nitration of 2‐acetylnaphtho[2,1‐b] furan (1), under mild condition. The compound 1 was synthesized by the reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde with chloroacetone, where in both condensation and cyclization took place in single step. The reaction of 3‐nitro‐2‐acetylnaphtho[2,1‐b]furan (2) with hydrazine hydrate produced corresponding hydrazone (3) in excellent yield, which on treatment with various aromatic aldehydes under different reaction conditions resulted in the formation of symmetrical azines (4a-e) and unsymmetrical azines (5a-e). All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectral studies and were screened for antibacterial antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilus and Alcaligenes fecalies and antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus terrus. The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency of some of the synthesized compounds was measured by powder technique using Nd:YAG laser.
The Effects of Various Acid Catalyst on the Esterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil based Trimethylolpropane Ester as Biolubricant Base Stock
Authors: Arbain Noor Hafizah , Salimon Jumat
Published: April 2012

Biolubricant production of trimethylolpropane ester (ET) was conducted via esterification of fatty acid (FA) of Jatropha curcas oil with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The condition for this reaction was as follows: temperature was 150 °C, time of reaction was 3 hours, molar ratio of FA: TMP was 4:1 and 2% wt/wt concentrated catalyst (based on weight of FA). Different catalyst was used in this reaction such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, p‐toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The composition of ET was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC‐FID). The ester group was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the structure was confirmed by proton and carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR) spectra. 70% of ET was successfully synthesized using perchloric acid in this research. The pour point of the product was observed as low as –23 °C, flash point is >300 °C and viscosity index is 150.
3‐(Substituted Aryl)‐1‐benzofuranyl‐2‐propenones: Antimicrobial Properties of Some Chalcones‐Type Compounds and their 2‐Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Coşkun Demet , Ahmedzade Misir , Kirbağ Sevda
Published: April 2012

2‐Acetylbenzofuran on condensation with furan‐2‐carboxaldehyde and pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde in methanolic KOH solution yielded the corresponding benzofuran chalcones. These two compounds and nine benzofuran chalcones were synthesized before, were further reacted with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol which led to the formation of 2‐pyrazoline derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nine chalcone‐type compounds and eleven 2‐pyrazolines were evaluated for their biological activities against the six bacteria and the three yeast and it was seen that thirteen compounds showed activity. Four of them are chalcone‐type compounds showed more or less activity.
Copper(II) Complexes of Organophoshonic Acids‐A Comparative Study
Authors: Rao B. Venkateswara , Puri D. M.
Published: April 2012

Polynuclear copper(II) derivatives of 1‐hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (HEDP), 1‐aminoethylidenediphosphonic acid (AEDP, H4L), α‐aminobenzylidene diphosphonic acid (ABDP, H4L), 1‐amino‐2‐carboxyethane‐ 1,1‐diphosphonic acid (ACEDP, H5L), 1,3 diaminopropane‐1,1,3,3‐tetra‐phosphonic acid (DAPTP, H8L), Ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐bis (dimethyl‐methylenephosphonic) acid (EDBDMPO, H4L), o‐phenylene‐diamine‐N,N′‐bis (dimethylmethylenephosphonic) acid (PDBDMPO, H4L), diethylene triamine –N,N,N′,N′,N"N‐penta (methylene phosphonic) acid (DETAPMPO, H10L) and diethylene triamine –N,N"‐bis (dimethyl methylene phosphonic) acid (DETBDMPO, H4L) have been prepared in aqueous medium. The general formula of derivatives from elemental analysis was found to be Cu2L.XH2O (in case of AEDP, ABDP, EDBDMPO, PDBDMPO, DETBDMPO), Cu5L2.XH2O (in case of ACEDP) Cu4L.XH2O, Cu2 H4L. XH2O (in case of DAPTP) and Cu5L.XH2O (in case of DETAPMPO). The electronic spectra have shown them to be six coordinated with slight distortion from octahedral geometry. Antiferromagnetism was inferred from magnetic moment data. Infrared spectral studies were carried out to determine coordination sites. EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectra that supports the presence of tetragonal distortion and antiferromagnetic behaviour, have also been studied.
Syntheses of 2‐(6’‐Fluorobenzothiazol‐2’‐ylamino)‐4, 6‐(disubstituted thiouriedo)‐1,3‐pyrimidine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Pathak Anoop K. , Chawla Viney , Saraf Shailendra K.
Published: April 2012

A new series of 1,3‐pyrimidine derivatives (3a-f) have been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6‐Trichloropyrimidine with nucleophilic reagents 2‐amino‐6‐fluorobenzothiazole (1) in the presence of acetone. The (4,6‐ dichloro‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐amine (2) so produced was then reacted to two moles of phenylthiourea derivatives to yield title compounds (3a-f). The structural assessment of the compounds (3a-f) was made on the basis of spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibiting activity against different strains of bacteria viz., B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus using agar diffusion technique. Compounds 3c and 3f exhibited highest antibacterial activity.
Synthesis, Characterization and Use of Schiff Bases as Fluorimetric Analytical Reagents (Part II)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Sharif Salaheddin A. I.
Published: April 2012

Many Schiff bases were prepared by condensation reaction of certain aromatic amines with aromatic aldehydes derivatives and then the fluorescence properties of these Schiff bases were examined in acidic and basic media. It is shown that these compounds can be used for fluorimetric monitoring of small pH changes.
Frequency of Anemia in the Patients of a Family Health Team in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Lachi Tatiana , Reis Cássia Barbosa
Published: April 2012

Anemia is a clinical manifestation with high prevalence in the world, reaching about 30% of the total inhabitants of the planet. It is responsible for a great reduction in quality of life of affected people. The present paper aimed to obtain the frequency of anemia in the blood counts of a sample from the population of registered patients of a Family Health Team in Dourados, MS, Brazil. 462 patients, who had blood counts done from February 2008 to March 2009, were included in this research. The frequency of anemia was 22.7% in the studied population, including all age groups.
P2O5/SiO2 as a New, Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Preparation of 4,4′‐Epoxydicoumarins Under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Wang Xiao
Published: April 2012

An efficient solvent‐free procedure for the preparation of 4,4′‐epoxydicoumarins via the ondensation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin with aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of phosphorus pentoxide/silica gel at 110 °C is described. The advantages of this method are generality, high yields, short reaction times, ease of product isolation, low cost and ecologically friendly.
Sodicity and Salinity Hazards in Water Flow Processes in the Soil
Authors: Dhok R. P. , Patil A. S. , Ghole V. S.
Published: April 2012

Groundwater is one of the natural resource with the potential for domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption. This paper presents the results of the distribution of salinity characteristics (electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio) of groundwater and based on the results, the evaluation of the sodicity and salinity hazards or in the processes if such groundwater is used for such purposes has been restrictive. This is because of the salinization of aquifers generated by rock salt present below the aquifers. The issue was studied for the groundwater environment in the Karha river basin area, Baramati, Pune, (M.S.) India, for the period of September 2009 to August 2010. The measured data were presented in the form of graphical attachments. The average annual values of the electrical conductivity of groundwater ranged from 490 to 8920 µS/cm in the examined period. Data obtained from analysis signifies the salinity of groundwater in study area is high to very high salinity and can’t be used for crops in a soil with restricted drainage but it can be used under very special circumstances. The sodium adsorption ratio values indicate low, medium to high sodium salinization of the groundwater.
Three‐Component Reaction of Triphenylphosphine, Acetylenic Esters and 4‐(Arylideneamino)‐3‐ethyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thiones for the Synthesis of Phosphorus Ylides
Authors: Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Tabatabaee Masoumeh , Hassanabadi Alireza , Lamei Asal
Published: April 2012

Triphenylphosphine reacts with ‎4‐(arylideneamino)‐3‐ethyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thiones in the presence of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates to produce highly functionalized, salt‐free phosphorus ylides in excellent yields.
Sealing Capability and SEM Observation of the Implant-Abutment Interface
Authors: Lorenzoni Fabio C. , Coelho Paulo G. , Bonfante Gerson , Carvalho Ricardo M. , Silva Nelson R. F. A. , Suzuki Marcelo , Silva Thelma Lopes , Bonfante Estevam A.
Published: April 2012

To evaluate the sealing capability of external hexagon implant systems and assess the marginal fit, two groups (n=10each) were employed: SIN (Sistema de Implantes Nacional, Brazil) and Osseotite, (Biomet 3i, USA). Sealing capability was determined by placing 0.7 μL of 1% acid-red solution in the implant wells before the torque of their respective abutments. Specimens were then placed into 2.5 mL vials filled with 1.3 mL of distilled water with the implant-abutment interface submerged. Three samples of 100 μL water were collected at previously determinate times. The absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA (P<.05) and Tukey's test. Marginal fit was determined using SEM. Leakage was observed for both groups at all times and was significantly higher at 144 hrs. SEM analysis depicted gaps in the implant-abutment interface of both groups. Gaps in the implant-abutment interface were observed along with leakage increased at the 144 hrs evaluation period.
Spectrophotometric Study of Ternary Complex Forming Systems of Some Lanthanide Metal Ions with Eriochrome Cyanine R in Presence of Cetylpyridinium Bromide for Microdetermination
Authors: Dhepe A. S. , Zade A. B.
Published: April 2012

Study of coordination compounds of lanthanide elements has received a great attention due to growing applications in science and technology. Number of chromogenic reagents form water soluble colored complexes with lanthanides. Eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) a member of triphenylmethane type of dye has been reported to form green colored complexes with lanthanides and has been used for microdetermination of these metal ions. Addition of cationic surfactant, Cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), a cationic surfactant sensitizes the color reactions of Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III) and Lu(III) with ECR. Formation of water soluble, highly colored ternary complexes with a considerable bathochromic shift of about 50 nm in presence of surfactant has been observed. Optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were also evaluated. Stoichiometric ratio 1:3:3 of Ln: ECR: CPB are responsible for the observed rise in molar absorptivity and sensitivity. Beer’s law was obeyed between 0.50 to 13.00 ppm. Effective photometric range and molar absorptivity of these ternary complexes have been calculated. Effect of some common interfering ions on determination of these lanthanide metal ions was studied. A simple, rapid and highly sensitive spectrophotometeric method has been proposed for the determination of metal ions understudy.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Reboxetine through Condensation and Diazo‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Srikanth K. , Emmanuel K. A.
Published: April 2012

In the present study, two simple, sensitive and reproducible visible spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of reboxetine in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods involve acid hydrolysis of reboxetine methane sulphonate (Reboxetine as methane sulphonate) and the product obtained was used for the estimation. Out of the two methods developed in the laboratory, the first method involves the condensation reaction of hydrolysed reboxetine methane sulphonate with ethyl acetoacetate in sulphuric acid medium and the second method involves the diazocoupling reaction of hydrolysed reboxetine methane sulphonate with diazotized p‐sulphanilic acid in alkaline medium. They have absorption maxima at 400 nm and 430 nm respectively and obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.5 ‐ 0.3 μgmL-1 and 1.0 ‐ 7.5 μgmL-1 respectively. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The apparent molar absorptivity values (∈max) obtained are 7.549 x 104 L mol-1 cm-11 and 2.656x104 Lmol-1cm-1 respectively. Both these have correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. The proposed methods have good precision and accuracy.
Mitigation of Mild Steel Corrosion in Acidic Solution Using Inhibitor
Authors: Vishnudevan M.
Published: April 2012

The inhibition efficiency of mild steel corrosion in HCl acidic solution containing various concentrations of mixed inhibitors were evaluated by conducting Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance studies. The mixed inhibitors used in this present investigation were trisodium citrate and sodium benzoate. In this present investigation 0.01 N to 0.1 N concentrations of HCl was used at 30 °C. Sodium benzoate present in the mixed inhibitive system enhanced the inhibition efficiency through chemisorptions. The maximum inhibition efficiency ( 95.4%) was obtained for the mixed inhibitive system containing 0.05 M citrate and 0.5 M benzoate in 0.1 N HCl.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates Using TMG
Authors: Kumar B. Siva , Reddy Y. Haranadha , Rani C. Radha , Reddy G. Chnadra Sekhar
Published: April 2012

α‐Aminophosphonates (4a-j) were synthesized in one‐pot simultaneous reaction of 4‐bromo‐3‐methyl benzenamine (1), dimethylphosphite (3) and different aromatic aldehydes (2a-j) by Kabachnik‐Fields reaction in the presence of tetramethylguanidine (TMG) (10 mole%) as catalyst in toluene at reflux temperature afforded 4a-j in good yields. All these compounds were found to exhibit moderate to good antimicrobial activity.
Adsorption Properties of Oxygen on H‐Capped (5, 5) Boron Nitride Nanotube (BNNT)‐ A Density Functional Theory
Authors: Baei Mohammad T. , Kaveh F. , Torabi P. , Sayyad- Alangi S. Zahra
Published: April 2012

The density functional theory (DFT) has been used to simultaneously investigate physic/chemi‐sorption properties of oxygen on the (5, 5) boron nitride nanotube (BNNT). Geometry optimizations were carried out at B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory using gaussian 98 suites of program. physisorption of O2 outside the BNNT with a vertical orientation to the tube axis above a boron atom is the most stable state of physisorption and its binding energy is ‐0.775 kcal/mol. In the chemisorption of O2 molecule, the most stable state is above two adjacent B and N atoms of a hexagon with a B‐N bond length of 2.503 Å and the binding energy of adsorbed oxygen atoms ‐14.389 kcal/mol. Based on these results, We also provide the effects of O2 adsorption on the electronic properties of BNNTs.
E/Z‐Photoisomerization of N,N′‐Bis(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidene)1,2‐diaminoethane and N,N′‐Bis(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidene)1,3‐diaminopropane in Chloroform
Authors: Samimi Asghar , Barati Kazem , HabibI Mohammad Hossein , Shafieyan Hooshang , Menbari Ehsan
Published: April 2012

The E/Z‐Photoisomerization of Schiff bases N,N′‐bis(4‐dimethylamino benzylidene)1,2‐diaminoethane (BDAE) and N,N′‐bis(4‐dimethylaminobenzyli‐dene)1,3‐diaminopropane (BDAP) were studied by UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretical chemistry calculations. Photochemical investigations in solution depict the time resolved spectral changes, recorded before and after irradiation. The shift indicates the transformation from E to Z configuration of the C=N bond in solution for BDAE and BDAP. Spectra profiles and kinetic constants were evaluated using multivariate curve resolution and non‐linear least squares curve fitting by toolbox of MATLAB program using the corresponding absorption spectra‐time data. The experimental results show that BDAP can perform the photochromism easier than BDAE, may be due to the molecular topology difference.
Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of 2‐Amino‐7‐(dimethylamino)‐4‐[(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐4H‐chromenes
Authors: Mahdavi M. , Asadipour A. , Rajabalian S. , Vosooghi M. , Firoozpour L. , Nakhjiri M. , Shafiee A. , Foroumadi A.
Published: April 2012

Three 2‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethylphenyl)‐3‐cyano‐7‐(dimethylamino) ‐4H‐chromene derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activities were determined against six human tumor cell lines using MTT assay. Condensation of 3‐(dimethylamino)phenol, trifluoromethybenzaldehydes and malonitrile in ethanol containing piperidine afforded corresponding chromenes (4a-c). The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by 1H NMR, IR and Mass spectral data. Among compounds tested, 3‐trifluoromethyl analogue (3b) was the most active against all human tumor cell lines (IC50=12‐45 nM).
Synthesis and Study of Mixed Ligand‐Metal Complexes of 1, 3, 7‐Trimethylxanthine and 1, 3‐Dimethyl‐7H‐purine‐2, 6‐dione with Some Other Ligands
Authors: Shaker Shayma A.
Published: April 2012

This work presents synthesis and study of a new mixed ligand metal complexes of 1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine and 1,3‐dimethyl‐7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione with some other ligands like SCN and OCN ions to give the general formula [M(Tx)2(Tp) )2XY] where M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), Tx=1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine, Tp= 1,3‐dimethyl‐7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione, X= SCN and Y= OCN. The resulting products were found to be solid which have been characterized using UV‐Visible and infrared spectroscopy. Elemental analyses were performed using C, H, N analysis and atomic absorption techniques. The magnetic susceptibility and the conductivity were also measured. The present results suggest that the 1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine and 1,3‐dimethyl‐7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione were coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom. Thiocyanate ion was coordinated with metal ions through the sulfur atom and the cyanate ion was coordinated with metal ions through the oxygen atom.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Waste Biomass Reinforced Urea‐Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Composites
Authors: SINGHA A. S. , Kaith B. S. , Kaur Inderjeet , Khanna Ashwarya Jyoti
Published: April 2012

Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully biodegradable composites which will be a key material to solve the current ecological and environmental problems. Due to enormous advantages of composites reinforced with natural fibers, a study on pine needles reinforced urea‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde composites has been made. Present investigation has revealed that urea‐formaldehyde resin in 1.0: 2.5 ratio exhibits optimum mechanical behavior whereas in case urea‐resorcinol‐ formaldehyde resin, the best mechanical behavior was shown by 1.0: 1.0: 2.5 ratios. However, reinforcing of this resin with pine‐needles of 1 cm size and evaluation of their mechanical properties showed that mechanical properties increase with reinforcement. These results were further supported by the SEM and thermal studies.
Kinetic Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Tolonium Chloride Under High Pressure Irradiation in Aquatic Buffer Systems
Authors: Montazerozohori M. , Nezami S. , Mojahedi S.
Published: April 2012

Anatase titanium dioxide catalyzed photodegradation of tolonium chloride at various bufferic pH of 2, 7, 9 and 12 in aqueous solution is presented. The effect of some physicochemical parameters such as initial concentration of dye, catalyst amount and reaction time on photocatalytic degradation has been investigated in a photo‐reactor cell containing high pressure mercury lamp to obtain the optimum conditions in each bufferic pH at constant temperature. A complete spectrophotometric kinetic study of tolonium chloride under high pressure irradiation at buffer media was performed. The photocatalytic degradation observed rate constants (kobs) were found to be 2.90×10-3, 3.30×10-3, 3.20×10-3 and 5.20×10-3 min-1 for buffer pH of 2‐12 respectively. It was found that a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model based on Langmuir‐Hinshelwood one is usable to photodegradation of this compound at all considered buffer pH. In addition to these, the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood rate constants, kr for the titled compound at various pH are reported.
Analysis of Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Thermodynamic Behaviour of Some Organic Cations on Dowex 50WX4‐50/H+ Cation Exchanger in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Noor Ehteram A. , Al-Solmi Fatma M.
Published: April 2012

The equilibrium adsorption, ion exchange characteristics of various concentrations of some organic cations from aqueous solutions onto dowex 50WEX/H+ cation exchanger were studied at different temperatures in the range of 30‐50 °C. The studied cations showed good adsorptive properties onto dowex 50WX4‐5/H+ at different concentrations and temperatures. Main adsorption behaviour was ion exchange between hydrogen ions and the organic cations as indicated from the linear relation between the initial concentration of the organic cations and the released hydrogen ions. It was found that the adsorption affinity of dowex 50WX4‐50/H+ towards the studied organic cations depends on the substituent type of the organic cations giving the following increasing order: 1‐H < 2‐OH < 3‐OCH3. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of the studied organic cations were evaluated and discussed. It was found that the adsorption 1‐H organic cation was spontaneous, ordered, exothermic and favored with decreasing temperature. On the other hand the adsorption of both 2‐OH and 3‐OCH3 organic cations was found to be spontaneous and disordered with enthalpy change varies significantly with increasing organic cation concentration, suggesting dipole‐dipole adsorption forces as new active sites for adsorption under conditions of relatively high concentrations. Freundlich and Dubinin‐Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models reasonably describe the adsorption of the studied organic cations onto dowex 50WX4‐50/H+ by segmented straight lines depending on the studied range of concentration, indicating the existence of two different sets of adsorption sites with substantial difference in energy of adsorption. According to Dubinin‐Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model, physical‐ion exchange mechanism was suggested for the adsorption of 1‐H organic cation and both physical and chemical‐ion exchange mechanisms were suggested for the adsorption of 2‐OH and 3‐OCH3 organic cations depending on the studied range of concentration.
Seed Oil of Brucea javanica Induces Apoptotic Death of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Both the Death Receptors and the Mitochondrial‐Related Pathways
Authors: Zhang Hong , Yang Jing Yu , Zhou Fan , Wang Li Hui , Zhang Wen , Sha Sha , Wu Chun Fu
Published: April 2012

Seed oil of Brucea javanica (BJO) is extracted from the seeds of herb medicine Brucea javanica (L.), and its emulsion formulation (BJOE) has been used clinically to treat carcinomas for many years in China. The antileukemia potential of BJO was investigated in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (AML) U937 and HL‐60 in vitro and in a mouse U937 xenograft tumor model. BJO induced AML cell apoptosis through activation of caspase‐8 and modulation of apoptosis‐related proteins. Meanwhile, the inhibition of survivin and XIAP increased the cytotoxicity of BJO. Consistent with these findings, BJO also increased subG1 phase cells and cause PARP cleavage in AML patients′ leukemia cells. In contrast, only weak cytotoxicity of BJO was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of healthy volunteers. Moreover, oleic acid and linoleic acid were found to be the active components of BJO. Our study provided strong evidence for the first time that BJO induced apoptosis of both cultured and primary AML cells. Furthermore, intravenous injection of BJO significantly inhibited U937 tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that BJO may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of human leukemia.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blended Films: Mechanical, Thermal and Surface Investigations
Authors: El-Hefian Esam A. , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Yahaya Abdul Hamid
Published: April 2012

In this study, blends of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (CS/PVA) having various proportions were prepared and characterized by universal mechanical tester, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and contact angle measurements. Studying the mechanical properties of the films showed that blending improved the tensile strength, which increased with increasing PVA content up to 40% while the elongation% at break of the blends was decreased compared to that of the pure components. The obtained results of DSC suggested that some interaction between chitosan and PVA mostly took place. Static water contact angle measurements showed an improvement in the wettability of the obtained films.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Fatal Outcome during HIV-1-Seroconversion: A Case Report
Authors: Pontali Emanuele , Feasi Marcello , Crisalli Maria Paola , Cassola Giovanni
Published: April 2012

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute or subacute peripheral polyneuropathy characterized by symmetrical muscle weakness. Its occurrence has been reported during acute HIV seroconversion since 1985. Among HIV-infected subjects, GBS has generally a favourable outcome. We report a case of GBS with fatal outcome during HIV seroconversion.
Lipids Characterization and Industrial Potentials of Pumpkin Seeds (Telfairia occidentalis) and Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: Eddy E. O. , Ukpong J. A. , Ebenso E. E.
Published: April 2012

Oil from Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentale has been extracted and characterized. The lipid content of the Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentalis were 58.41% and 42.15% respectively. The physicochemical parameters of Telfaria occidentalis and Anarcardium occidentale seeds were; boiling point; (58.90, 62.60 °C), melting point; (18.50, 21.80 °C), refractive index; (1.462, 1.498), specific gravity; (0.87, 0.69) saponification value; (91.16, 92.57) iodine value; (51.52, 47.20), acid value; (0.76, 3.74) ester value; (90.40, 88.87), % free fatty acid; (.38, 1.88) and peroxide value; (11.75, 15.23) respectively. Oils from these seeds were found to exhibit the needed potentials for utilization in paint and food industries and as biofuel.
Stable Differences in Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential of Tumor Cell Subpopulations Reflect Phenotypic Heterogeneity
Authors: Houston Michele A. , Augenlicht Leonard H. , Heerdt Barbara G.
Published: April 2012

Heterogeneity among cells that constitute a solid tumor is important in determining disease progression. Our previous work established that, within a population of metastatic colonic tumor cells, there are minor subpopulations of cells with stable differences in their intrinsic mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and that these differences in ΔΨm are linked to tumorigenic phenotype. Here we expanded this work to investigate primary mammary, as well as colonic, tumor cell lines. We show that within a primary mammary tumor cell population, and in both primary and metastatic colonic tumor cell populations, there are subpopulations of cells with significant stable variations in intrinsic ΔΨm. In each of these 3 tumor cell populations, cells with relatively higher intrinsic ΔΨm exhibit phenotypic properties consistent with promotion of tumor cell survival and expansion. However, additional properties associated with invasive potential appear in cells with higher intrinsic ΔΨm only from the metastatic colonic tumor cell line. Thus, it is likely that differences in the intrinsic ΔΨm among cells that constitute primary mammary tumor populations, as well as primary and metastatic colonic tumor populations, are markers of an acquired tumor phenotype which, within the context of the tumor, influence the probability that particular cells will contribute to disease progression.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes Utilizing Silica‐Supported Preyssler Nano Particles as Novel and Efficient Reusable Heterogeneous Acidic Catalyst
Authors: Javid Ali , Heravi Majid M. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: April 2012

A highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes from dimedone and various aromatic aldehydes under reflux conditions in water, catalyzed by silica‐supported preyssler nano particles (SPNP) is reported. The products were formed in excellent yields and the acidic catalyst was completely heterogeneous and can be recycled for many times.
Magnetic and Electrical Transport Properties of Double Perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Zhai Yong-Qing , Qiao Jing , Zhang Zhang
Published: April 2012

With activated carbon for reducing agent, the sol‐gel method was used to prepare the giant magnetoresistance materials Sr2FeMoO6, which is the double Perovskite oxide. The structure, morphology, magnetic and electrical transport properties were investigated respectively by x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The as‐synthesized sample is Sr2FeMoO6 with tetragonal crystal structure and I4/mmm space group and unit cell parameter is a = 5.580Å, c = 7.882Å. The primary particles are spherical in shape and the grain size is below 100 nm. The curie temperature is above room temperature and the saturation magnetization is 13.321 A·m2/kg under 1.0 T at room temperature. The sample exhibit typical semiconductor behavior and the conductive mechanism can be described by small polaron variable range hopping model. The room temperature magnetoresistance of the sample under 1.0 T field is up to ‐10.02%. Moreover, it is found the dosage of citric acid and the amount of reducing agent has great effect on the phase structure and magnetic properties of the samples.
Data Adaptive Spectral Analysis of Unsteady Leakage Flow in an Axial Turbine
Authors: Barmpalias Konstantinos G. , Chokani Ndaona , Kalfas Anestis I. , Abhari Reza S.
Published: April 2012

A data adaptive spectral analysis method is applied to characterize the unsteady loss generation in the leakage flow of an axial turbine. Unlike conventional spectral analysis, this method adapts a model dataset to the actual data. The method is illustrated from the analysis of the unsteady wall pressures in the labyrinth seal of an axial turbine. Spectra from the method are shown to be in good agreement with conventional spectral estimates. Furthermore, the spectra using the method are obtained with data records that are 16 times shorter than for conventional spectral analysis, indicating that the unsteady processes in turbomachines can be studied with substantially shorter measurement schedules than is presently the norm.
RASSF Signalling and DNA Damage: Monitoring the Integrity of the Genome?
Authors: Scrace Simon F. , O'Neill Eric
Published: April 2012

The RASSF family of proteins has been extensively studied in terms of their genetics, structure and function. One of the functions that has been increasingly studied is the role of the RASSF proteins in the DNA damage response. Surprisingly, this research, which encompasses both the classical and N-terminal RASSF proteins, has revealed an involvement of the RASSFs in oncogenic pathways as well as the more familiar tumour suppressor pathways usually associated with the RASSF family members. The most studied protein with respect to DNA damage is RASSF1A, which has been shown, not only to be activated by ATM, a major regulator of the DNA damage response, but also to bind to and activate a number of different pathways which all lead to and feedback from the guardian of the genome, p53. In this review we discuss the latest research linking the RASSF proteins to DNA damage signalling and maintenance of genomic integrity and look at how this knowledge is being utilised in the clinic to enhance the effectiveness of traditional cancer therapies such as radiotherapy.
The Heterogeneity of Asthma Phenotypes in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Hesselmar Bill , Enelund Anna-Carin , Eriksson Bo , Padyukov Leonid , Hanson Lars Å. , Åberg Nils
Published: April 2012

Objective. Genetic heterogeneity and risk factor distribution was analyzed in two previously proposed asthma phenotypes. Method. A sample of 412 subjects was investigated at 7-8, 12-13, and 21-22 years of age with questionnaires, skin prick tests, and genetic analysis of IL-4 receptor (IL4R) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The sample was subdivided in one group with no asthma, and two groups with asthma separated by age of onset of symptoms, namely, early onset asthma (EOA) and late onset asthma (LOA). Risk factors and IL4R markers were analyzed in respect to asthma phenotypes. Results. EOA and LOA groups were both associated with atopy and a maternal history of asthma. Female gender was more common in LOA, whereas childhood eczema, frequent colds in infancy, and a paternal history of asthma were more common in EOA. The AA genotype of rs2057768 and the GG genotype of rs1805010 were more common in LOA, whereas the GG genotype of rs2107356 was less common in EOA. Conclusion. Our data suggest that early and late onset asthma may be of different endotypes and genotypes.
Nuclear Wavepacket Dynamics of Alkali Adsorbates on Metal Surfaces Studied by Time-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Watanabe Kazuya , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu
Published: April 2012

This paper reviews recent efforts to understand the dynamics of coherent surface vibrations of alkali atoms adsorbed on metal surfaces. Time-resolved second harmonic generation is used for the coherent excitation and detection of the nuclear wavepacket dynamics of the surface modes. The principles of the measurement and the experimental details are described. The main focus is on coverage and excitation photon energy dependences of the coherent phonon dynamics for Na-, K-, and Cs-covered Cu(111). The excitation mechanism of the coherent phonon has been revealed by the ultrafast time-domain technique and theoretical modelings.
Nonlinear Coherent Directional Coupler: Coupled Mode Theory and BPM Simulation
Authors: Kumbhakar Dharmadas
Published: April 2012

Finite difference beam propagation method is an accurate numerical procedure, used here to explore the switching dynamics of a nonlinear coherent directional coupler. The coupling lengths derived from this simulation are compared with coupled mode theories. BPM results for the critical power follow the trend of the coupled mode theories, but it lies in between two coupled mode theories. Coupled mode theory is sensitive to numerical approximations whereas BPM results practically do not depend on grid size and longitudinal step size. Effect of coupling-region-width and core-width variations on critical power and coupling length is studied using BPM to look at the aspects of optical power-switch design.
Training in Capsule Endoscopy: Are We Lagging behind?
Authors: Sidhu Reena , McAlindon Mark E. , Davison Carolyn , Panter Simon , Humbla Olaf , Keuchel Martin
Published: April 2012

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a new modality to investigate the small bowel. Since it was invented in 1999, CE has been adopted in the algorithm of small bowel investigations worldwide. Reporting a CE video requires identification of landmarks and interpretation of pathology to formulate a management plan. There is established training infrastructure in place for most endoscopic procedures in Europe; however despite its wide use, there is a lack of structured training for CE. This paper focuses on the current available evidence and makes recommendations to standardise training in CE.
A New Class of Banach Spaces and Its Relation with Some Geometric Properties of Banach Spaces
Authors: Salimi M. , Moshtaghioun S. M.
Published: April 2012

By introducing the concept of L‐limited sets and then L‐limited Banach spaces, we obtain some characterizations of it with respect to some well‐known geometric properties of Banach spaces, such as Grothendieck property, Gelfand‐Phillips property, and reciprocal Dunford‐Pettis property. Some complementability of operators on such Banach spaces are also investigated.
Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysian Subjects
Authors: Al-Hamodi Zaid , Saif-Ali Riyadh , Ismail Ikram S. , Ahmed Khaled A. , Muniandy Sekaran
Published: April 2012

Elevated activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and decreased tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity are considered to be important risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the PAI-1 4G/5G and tPA Alu-repeat I/D polymorphisms with T2DM in Malaysian subjects. Serum insulin, coronary risk panel, plasma glucose, and PAI-1 4G/5G and tPA Alu-repeat I/D polymorphisms were studied in 303 T2DM subjects (227 with MetS and 76 without MetS) and 131 normal subjects without diabetes and MetS. Statistical analysis showed that the dominant and additive models of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism showed a weak association with T2DM without MetS (OR=2.35,P=0.045;OR=1.67,P=0.058). On the other hand, the recessive model of the tPA Alu-repeat I/D polymorphism showed an association with T2DM with MetS (OR=3.32,P=0.013) whereas the dominant and additive models of the tPA Alu-repeat I/D polymorphism were not associated with T2DM either with or without MetS.
Mesozoic Coleopteran Faunas from Argentina: Geological Context, Diversity, Taphonomic Observations, and Comparison with Other Fossil Insect Records
Authors: Lara María Belén , Gallego Oscar Florencio , Vaz Tassi Lara
Published: April 2012

The order Coleoptera is the most diversified group of the Class Insecta and is the largest group of the Animal Kingdom. This contribution reviews the Mesozoic insects and especially the coleopteran records from Argentina, based on bibliographical and unpublished materials (86 described species, 526 collected specimens). The material came from different geological units from the late Middle Triassic to the Late Triassic (Bermejo, Cuyo, and Malargüe basins) to the Middle-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Deseado Massif, Cañadón Asfalto, and San Luís Basin). The coleopteran record is composed of 29 described species with 262 collected specimens (isolated elytra) mainly represented by Triassic species and only four specimens recorded in Jurassic units, all of them currently unpublished. These fossil coleopterans provide fundamental information about the evolution of insects in the Southern Hemisphere and confirm the Triassic Argentinean insect deposits to be among the most important in the world.
Plastic Optical Fibre Sensing of Fuel Leakage in Soil
Authors: Morisawa Masayuki , Muto Shinzo
Published: April 2012

A basic operation of the very simple optical sensing system of fuel leakage in uniform sandy and clayey soils, which is consisting of a plastic optical fibre (POF) transmission line, the POF-type sensor heads, and a single LED photodiode pair, has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Its sensing principle is based on the POF structure change in the sensor head caused by fuels such as petrol. A scale-downed model prepared in the experimental room showed a possibility of optical detection of fuel leakage points in uniform soil. As this system operates without receiving the influence of water containing in fuels and soils, its application to fuel leak monitor around a filling station and oil tank can be expected.
Cellular Fibroma of the Ovary with Multiloculated Macroscopic Characteristics: Case Report
Authors: Adad Sheila Jorge , Laterza Valeria Lima , dos Santos Carlos David Teixeira , Ladeia Antonio Alexandre Lisboa , Saldanha Joao Carlos , da Silva Cleber Sergio , e Souza Luis Ronan Marquez Ferreira , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido
Published: April 2012

Ovarian fibroma is the commonest benign tumor of the ovarian stroma. The cellular subtype accounts for around 10% of ovarian fibromatous tumors. The cellular fibroma is a tumor of uncertain malignant potential that may recur or be associated with peritoneal implants. Usually these are solid tumors, sometimes with small areas of cystic degeneration. This case is reported to highlight an unusual feature for an ovarian fibroma: the tumor was predominantly cystic with a small solid part; the multiple cavities contents consisted of viscous liquid that solidified under room temperature. The multiloculated cysts, the mucinous contents, and the solid areas simulated a borderline mucinous ovarian tumor on both CT scan and gross pathologic examination.
Second-Order Model Reduction Based on Gramians
Authors: Teng Cong
Published: April 2012

Some new and simple Gramian-based model order reduction algorithms are presented on second-order linear dynamical systems, namely, SVD methods. Compared to existing Gramian-based algorithms, that is, balanced truncation methods, they are competitive and more favorable for large-scale systems. Numerical examples show the validity of the algorithms. Error bounds on error systems are discussed. Some observations are given on structures of Gramians of second order linear systems.
Reversal of the Caspase-Dependent Apoptotic Cytotoxicity Pathway by Taurine fromLycium barbarum(Goji Berry) in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Potential Benefit in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Song M. K. , Roufogalis B. D. , Huang T. H. W.
Published: April 2012

Diabetic retinopathy is a preventable microvascular diabetic complication and a leading cause of vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell apoptosis is an early event in diabetic retinopathy. Taurine is reportedly beneficial for diabetic retinopathy and is abundant in the fruit ofLycium barbarum(LB). We have investigated the effect of pure taurine and an extract of LB rich in taurine on a model of diabetic retinopathy, the retinal ARPE-19 cell line exposed to high glucose. We demonstrate for the first time that LB extract and the active ligand, taurine, dose dependently enhance cell viability following high glucose treatment in the ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cell line. This cytoprotective effect was associated with the attenuation of high glucose-induced apoptosis, which was shown by characteristic morphological staining and the dose-dependent decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, we have shown that LB extract and taurine dose dependently downregulate caspase-3 protein expression and the enzymatic activity of caspase-3. We conclude that taurine, a major component of LB, and the LB extract, have a cytoprotective effect against glucose exposure in a human retinal epithelial cell line and may provide useful approaches to delaying diabetic retinopathy progression.