bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature Semi-solid Casting Process on AZ91D Magnesium Alloys to Hardness and Microstructures
Authors: Kusharjanto Kusharjanto , Sutarno Sutarno , Mulyani R. Henny
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the effect of temperature semi-solid casting process for magnesium alloys AZ91D in an effort to increase the mechanical properties for the application of lightweight structures. In this experiments, semi-solid casting process is varied temperatures ranging from 500, 510, 520, 530 and 540°C. Results of hardness testing obtained the highest average is 64.4 BHN at a temperature of 500°C, which higher than the as-cast 42.56 BHN (an increase of 33.91%). The increasing of hardness occur because of changes in the microstructure of dendrite structures into globular grains, which have α-Mg phase and ß-Mg17Al12. Small spherical grain shape and spread evenly with a size of 40.08 μm obtained at temperatures of 500°C and size 77.2 μm at temperatures 540°C.
Volcanic Sediment Layer of Mount Samalas 1257 AD Modeling Based on Seismic Data
Authors: Minardi Suhayat , Ardianto Teguh , Alaydrus Alfina Taurida , Hiden Hiden
Published: January 2022

Research to determine model of sediment volcanic layer of Mountain Samalas 1257 AD has been conducted in Lombok Island. Modeling based to surface wave velocity data which collect use MASW (multichannel analysis of surface wave) method. The method has applied at 6 locations in southern part relatively and models were made on southern and southeastern of eruption source. Grouping of volcanic layer was based on IBC 2003 (ICC, 2003), TSC, 1998 (Ministry of Public Works and Settlement Government of Republic of Turkey, 1998) criteria. Result of modeling was verified using outcrop at the measurement of seismic area. Volcanic layer groups that detect are C, D, E type which have velocity less than 400 ms-1 and it’s thickness less than 50 meters. The volcanic layer group consist of sand, kerikil, clay, batuapung, volcanic ash, and alluvium. All of types of volcanic rocks has founded at all seismic measurement locations with different thickness and composition.
Digital Image Analysis Of Single Rectangular Slit Fraunhofer Diffraction Patterns
Authors: Yogaswara Yuri , Latief Fourier Dzar Eljabbar
Published: January 2022

Study of the single rectangular slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern has been carried out through experiments. Data acquisition was done by manually measuring the distance of the bright and dark diffraction patterns using millimeter block paper and by means of digital images analysis of the diffraction patterns. The digital images were used to obtain the bright and dark intensity data of the pattern as the function of the distance from the center of the pattern. The process of obtaining the data was carried out as follows: image acquisition, image digitization, image quality enhancement, graphics plotting and chart normalization. The data processing is done analytically and computationally using ImageJ software. The results of the digital image analysis of diffraction patterns produce an intensity graph of the distance of the diffraction pattern (I-y chart). The results from the digital image analysis approach provide an alternative method that is more accurate in the process of calculating the physical magnitude of diffraction parameters such as the wavelength of the source. One of the advantages of this method is that intensity of the diffraction pattern can be visualized as a function of the distance from the center of the screen. Although accuracy of the calculation result is not very high, the magnitude of the intensity can be observed to decrease with increasing distance of the diffraction pattern to the center of the screen. The results of the calculation of the source wavelength by means of digital image analysis provides good results compared to the manual method using the millimeter block paper. The smallest mean error of the wavelength by means of digital image analysis is 1,72% and the manual method using the millimeter block paper is 3,84%. This method of measurement using digital image analysis can be used as an alternative for various position or distance-based measurement, such as the calculation of linear expansion coefficient with a single slit diffraction method.
Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method in Simulating Water-Oil Penetration
Authors: Yulianto Y , Mustari Asril PA , Ilham Muhammad , Hidayati A.N. , Hatmanti S
Published: January 2022

In this study, the simulation of water-oil penetration has been performed by using the MPS method. The MPS method has been utilized to simulate the two-dimensional water-oil penetration and to observe the interaction of those liquids. This water-oil penetration phenomenon can be applied to the case of nuclear reactors. This study was performed to observe the liquid flow motion and its interaction between two different immiscible liquids with experiment and simulation. The obtained results of MPS method show an acceptable agreement with the experiment results. Those obtained results explain that the MPS method used in this study has a good enough capability to simulate the water-oil penetration phenomenon, which can be implemented in analyzing the melted reactor core.
Face Detection Based On Eye-Mouth Triangular Approach
Authors: Kartika Deni , Suprijadi Suprijadi
Published: January 2022

Human face is a complex and dynamic structure. It is a challenge to be able to make a face recognition system like humans. At the beginning of its development, many facial recognition studies only focused on facial features. In 1991, Turk and Pentland developed a face recognition system based on Principal Component Analysis named eigenface. This system is very efficient because it only focuses on components that most affect facial image. However, this system has weaknesses, which cannot be used to determine the position of the face. In this final project, image processing methods will be carried out to detect faces in digital images. The method used is eye mouth triangular approach with the steps being taken are skin detection, eye detection, mouth detection, and facial confirmation. From the results of a hundred digital color images tested, there were 82 images that were successfully detected. The main system failure is caused by failure in skin detection. Further development is needed so that the system can work optimally.
Performance Evaluation of Ceramic Filters for Raw Water Treatment
Authors: Asrory Fahriza Fawwas , Prasetya Agus , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: January 2022

The drought that engulfs Gunungkidul every year forces some residents to use surface water resources in the lake or water sources in the cave even though the quality has not been tested. The application of ceramic filter technology as a household-scale water purification tool is a form of preventing further water contamination and reduces the level of the disease occurs due to the influence of biological and chemical contamination contained in water. This study aims to make ceramic filters and evaluate the performance of these filters by testing four parameters namely turbidity, hardness, E.coli, and Total Coliform. This study uses three filters, namely Pelita Indonesia (F1) production filter as a comparison filter, Kasongan Yogyakarta production filter with a composition of 80% (clay and sand) with a ratio of 1:1 and 20% wood sawdust with the addition of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) ( F2), and Kasongan production filter with a composition of 100% clay mixed with sand without the addition of sawdust and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) (F3). Sampling was carried out 15 times for 15 days by testing the water before and after going through the filtration process. The percentage reduction in the average for the turbidity parameter, (F1) was 38.24%, (F2) was 34.16%, and (F3) was 37.18%. The hardness parameter, (F1) is 22.22%, (F2) is 11.24%, and (F3) is 10.93%. The parameters of E.coli, (F1) are 100%, (F2) are 98.66%, and the filter with the composition of clay, sand (F3) is 46.71%. The Total Coliform (F1) parameter was 87.62%, (F2) was 69.38%, and (F3) was 51.32%. The application of ceramic filters can be done by looking at the ability of the filter to reduce the contamination contained in water. The addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) must be done to reduce microbiological contamination.
A Review of Mobile Robot Navigation System for Volcano Monitoring Application
Authors: Evita Maria
Published: January 2022

Volcano is a geological environment including magma, eruption, volcanic edifice and its basements. For continuous monitoring after eruption, a mobile robot could be proposed as an alternative to prevent hazardous effect to volcanologist who perform up close monitoring. In this paper, the robots were divided into 3 types according to their different structures: legged, track-legged and wheeled mobile robots. Meanwhile, the navigation system were implemented in 4 steps suitable for volcano condition: environment mapping, trajectory design, motion control and obstacle avoidance. These navigation system also tested in different locations: indoor, outdoor and real volcano with different testing method for these robots. The testing result was discussed in robot kinematics parameter such as trajectory, velocity, slope angle, rollover and sideslip angels.
Pemanfaatan Semen Slag Sebagai Campuran Stabilisasi Tanah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai CBR Terendam (Soaked California Bearing Ratio) (Studi Kasus: Jalan Raya Munjul Desa Pasir Tenjo Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten)
Authors: Mina Enden , Kusuma Rama Indera , Sausan Zahirah Ismi
Published: January 2022

Stabilisasi tanah adalah suatu proses untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah dengan menambahkan bahan aditif agar dapat menaikkan kekuatan tanah. Kondisi perkerasan Jalan Raya Munjul, Desa Pasir Tenjo, Kabupaten Pandeglang merupakan daerah yang mengalami kerusakan pada lapis perkerasanya dikarenakan memiliki daya dukung tanah sangat rendah dengan nilai California Bearing Ratio (CBR) sebesar 2.8%,  oleh karena itu perlu  dilakukan stabilisasi tanah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan semen slag terhadap  nilai CBR terendam (soaked) dengan variasi prosentase  zat aditif sebesar 10 %, 20 %, dan 30 %  serta melihat pengaruh lama pemeraman terhadap kenaikan CBR. Sebelum pengujian tanah diklasifikasikan dahulu dengan menggunakan system klasifikasi Unified (USCS).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sampel tanah dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kelas OH, yaitu tanah lempung organik dengan plastisitas tinggi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan semen slag pada tanah lempung dapat menurunkan nilai indeks plastisitas dari 20,11 % menjadi 12,79 % dan dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR soaked menjadi 10,867 % dengan persentase optimum pada  kadar semen slag 10 %. Penambahan Semen slag juga mampu menurunkan nilai swelling dari 1,937 % (pengembangan tinggi) menjadi 0,427 % (pengembangan rendah). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut  dapat  disimpulkan bahwa semen slag mampu menaikkan daya dukung  tanah lempung dan mengurangi potensi swelling  tanah.
The efficiency of different types of extenders for semen cooling in stallions
Authors: Rečková Zuzana , Filipčík Radek , Soušková Katarína , Kopec Tomáš , Hošek Martin , Pešan Vojtěch
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to examine influence of skimmed milk-based extender (SM), INRA 96 extender and BotuSemen Gold extender on parameters of stallions’ ejaculate during storage.Methods: In this study, 14 stallions between 4 and 20 years of age were monitored. Total and progressive motility, viability and morphology of sperm were evaluated at time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours after collection.Results: The total motility, progressive motility, and values of sperm with normal morphology were significantly higher in the INRA 96 and BotuSemen Gold extenders than in the SM (p<0.01). The sperm viability differed significantly in all extenders (p<0.01). The highest value of sperm viability was in INRA 96 (64.69%±0.67%) and lowest in SM (59.70%±0.81%). The highest differences occurred at 72 hours of storage. Values of total motility, progressive motility and sperm viability decreased over time (p<0.01). In case of sperm morphology there was no statistically significant decrease between 48- and 72-hour time intervals.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extenders with a chemically defined composition have shown better indicators of insemination capabilities in ejaculates than the SM. The BotuSemen Gold extender is a suitable alternative to the INRA 96, when used within 48 hours; after 72 hours of storage, however, the INRA 96 showed a higher share of viable spermatozoa.
Quercetin extracted from Sophora japonica flower improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microbiota, organ indexes, and breast quality in broiler chicks
Authors: Dang De Xin , Cho Sungbo , Wang Huan , Seok Woo Jeong , Ha Jung Heun , Kim In Ho
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing quercetin extracted from Sophora japonica flower (QS) to the diet of broiler chicks on their growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, cecal microbiota, serum lipid profiles, relative organ weight, and breast muscle quality.Methods: A total of 1,088 1-day-old broiler chicks (mixed sex) were randomly assigned to four groups based on the initial body weight (43.00±0.29 g). The experimental period was 35 days (starter, days 0 to 7; grower, days 7 to 21; finisher, days 21 to 35). There were 17 replicate cages per treatment and 16 birds per cage. Dietary treatments consisted of birds receiving basal diet without quercetin as the control group and treatment groups consisted of birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg QS.Results: With the increase of the QS dosage, body weight gain during days 0 to 7 (p = 0.021), 7 to 21 (p = 0.010), and 1 to 35 (p = 0.045), feed intake during days 0 to 7 (p = 0.037) and 1 to 35 (p = 0.025), apparent dry matter digestibility (p = 0.008), apparent energy retention (p = 0.004), cecal lactic acid bacteria counts (p = 0.023), the relative weight of breast muscle (p = 0.014), pH value from breast muscle (p<0.001), and the water holding capacity of breast muscle (p = 0.012) increased linearly, whereas the drip loss from breast muscle (p = 0.001) decreased linearly.Conclusion: The addition of QS in the diet of broiler chicks had positive effects on the breast muscle yield and breast muscle quality, and improved the dry matter digestibility and energy retention by increasing cecal beneficial bacteria counts, thus improving growth performance.
Effects of rice straw fermented with spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrates on milking performance in Alpine dairy goats
Authors: Fan Geng-Jen , Chen Mei-Hsing , Lee Churng-Faung , Yu Bi , Lee Tzu-Tai
Published: January 2022

Objective: To improve the feeding value of rice straw (RS), this study evaluated the potential of rice straw fermented with Pleurotus sajor-caju (FRS) as dairy goat feed.Methods: Spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate was used as fungi inoculum to break the lignocellulose linkage of rice straw, which was solid-fermented at 25°C to 30°C for 8 weeks. The ruminal degradation of pangolagrass hay (PG), FRS, and RS were measured in situ for 96 hours in three dry Holstein cows, respectively. Effect of fungi fermented RS on milking performance was studied in feeding trials. A total of 21 Alpine goats a trial were divided into 3 groups: a control group in which PG accounted for 15% of the diet dry matter, and FRS or RS was used to replace the PG in the control group. Goats were fed twice a day under two 28-day trial in individual pens. Meanwhile, a 3×3 Latin square trial (14 days/period) was conducted to study the rumen digestion of three diets by using three fistulated dry goats. Rumen contents were collected for metabolite analyses every one to three hours on the last two days.Results: In situ study showed that fermentation could elevate the rumen degradable fraction and effective degradability of RS (p<0.05). Effective degradability of FRS dry matter was significantly increased from 29.5% of RS to 41.7%. Lactating trial results showed that dry matter intake and milk yield in the PG group and FRS group were similar and higher than those in RS group (p<0.05). The concentration of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in the RS group tended to be lower than those in PG group (p<0.10). There were no differences in rumen pH value and ammonia nitrogen level among the groups tested.Conclusion: Fermentation of rice straw by spent Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom substrate could substantially enhance its feeding value to be equivalent to PG as an effective fiber source for dairy goat. The fermented rice straw is recommended to account for 15% in diet dry matter.
Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens
Authors: Ren Theary , Nunome Mitsuo , Suzuki Takayuki , Matsuda Yoichi
Published: January 2022

Objective: Cambodia is located within the distribution range of the red junglefowl, the common ancestor of domestic chickens. Although a variety of indigenous chickens have been reared in Cambodia since ancient times, their genetic characteristics have yet to be sufficiently defined. Here, we conducted a large-scale population genetic study to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens and their phylogenetic relationships with other chicken breeds and native chickens worldwide.Methods: A Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 625 mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, and Bayesian clustering analysis was performed for 666 individuals with 23 microsatellite markers, using samples collected from 28 indigenous chicken populations in 24 provinces and three commercial chicken breeds.Results: A total of 92 haplotypes of mitochondrial D-loop sequences belonging to haplogroups A to F and J were detected in Cambodian chickens; in the indigenous chickens, haplogroup D (44.4%) was the most common, and haplogroups A (21.0%) and B (13.2%) were also dominant. However, haplogroup J, which is rare in domestic chickens but abundant in Thai red junglefowl, was found at a high frequency (14.5%), whereas the frequency of haplogroup E was considerably lower (4.6%). Population genetic structure analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of three major genetic clusters in Cambodian indigenous chickens. Their genetic diversity was relatively high, which was similar to findings reported for indigenous chickens from other Southeast Asian countries.Conclusion: Cambodian indigenous chickens are characterized by mitochondrial D-loop haplotypes that are common to indigenous chickens throughout Southeast Asia, and may retain many of the haplotypes that originated from wild ancestral populations. These chickens exhibit high population genetic diversity, and the geographical distribution of three major clusters may be attributed to inter-regional trade and poultry transportation routes within Cambodia or international movement between Cambodia and other countries.
Effect of long-chain inorganic polyphosphate treated with wheat phytase on interleukin 8 signaling in HT-29 cells
Authors: An Jeongmin , Cho Jaiesoon
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the potential effect of wheat phytase on long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP)-mediated interleukin 8 (IL-8) signaling in an intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells.Methods: Cell viability and the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in HT-29 cells exposed to polyP1150 (average of 1,150 phosphate residues) treated with or without wheat phytase were measured by the EZ-CYTOX kit and the IL-8 ELISA kit, respectively. Also, the activation of cellular inflammatory factors NF-κB and MAPK (p38 and ERK 1/2) in HT-29 cells was investigated using ELISA kits.Results: PolyP1150 negatively affected the viability of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, 100 mM polyP1150 dephosphorylated by wheat phytase increased cell viability by 1.4-fold over that of the intact substrate. Moreover, the 24 h exposure of cells to enzyme-treated 50 mM polyP1150 reduced the secretion of IL-8 and the activation of NF-κB by 9% and 19%, respectively, compared to the intact substrate. PolyP1150 (25 and 50 mM) dephosphorylated by the enzyme induced the activation of p38 MAPK via phosphorylation to 2.3 and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to intact substrate, even though it had little effect on the expression of ERK 1/2 via phosphorylation.Conclusion: Wheat phytase could attenuate polyP1150-induced IL-8 release in HT-29 cells through NF-κB, independent of MAP kinases p38 and ERK. Thus, wheat phytase may alleviate inflammatory responses including hypercytokinemia caused by bacterial polyP infection in animals. Therefore, wheat phytase has the potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic supplement in animal husbandry.
Insect as feed ingredients for pigs
Authors: Hong Jinsu , Kim Yoo Yong
Published: January 2022

Among edible insects, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and common housefly (Musca domestica) have been considered as an alternative protein source for pigs. Because they are easy to breed and grow in the organic wastes, and they have well-balanced nutritional value as a protein source for pigs. The black soldier fly larvae and mealworm could replace the fish meal in the diets for weaned pigs without adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Black soldier fly could also be included in the finishing pig’s diet without any negative effects on the growth performance and pork quality of the market pigs. Insect products showed a greater stan­dardized ileal digestibility value of amino acids than conventional animal proteins in growing pigs. Due to the limited amount of insect products used for pig feeding study, most previous pig studies have been conducted in weaned pigs. Thus, further study is needed about the optimal inclusion level of insect products in every phase diet from weaned pigs to sows. The use of insect products in swine diets has some challenges in terms of cost, supply, and safety. Lastly, intrinsic differences among insect species, processing method, and feeding phase should be taken into consideration for the use of insect products in the swine diets.
O sentido de companhia nos vídeos de reação
Authors: Van Der Sand Joao , Silva Sandra Rubia da
Published: January 2022

Abordando a temática dos vídeos de reação no YouTube, este artigo aprofunda discussões sobre o sentido de companhia contido neste tipo de produção. Procuramos traçar relações entre os resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada durante a pandemia do covid-19 e os hábitos de consumo audiovisual percebidos diante do contexto de isolamento social. Demonstramos como o sentido de companhia é percebido por produtores de vídeos de reação a videoclipes musicais de rap e funk. Nossas conclusões apontam que a crescente audiência dos serviços de streaming busca suprir certas demandas afetivas através de experiências de consumo compartilhadas mediadas pelas plataformas digitais.
Conteúdos de ciências sociais em saúde coletiva
Authors: Queiroz Camila Craveiro da Costa Campos e , Parreira Fernanda Ramos , Santana Fabiana Ribeiro , Souza Marta Rovery de
Published: January 2022

Apresentamos um relato de experiência da oferta remota (educação online) da disciplina de Ciências Sociais em Saúde Coletiva, no Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Coletiva, em tempos de pandemia. Compartilhamos desde o planejamento à avaliação final da disciplina feita pelos discentes, apontando as limitações e os benefícios que experimentamos no uso dessa modalidade de educação. Ressaltamos uma característica singular do grupo, que era formado, em sua maioria, por trabalhadores da área da saúde, muitos deles atuantes na linha de frente ao combate do COVID-19. Portanto, para além das preocupações metodológicas, tivemos em consideração, durante todo o processo, as subjetividades envolvidas na relação de construção do conhecimento.
A comunicação no Sistema Único de Saúde 10 anos depois
Authors: Passaro Thiago
Published: January 2022

Um estudo publicado em 2009 pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) mostrou que a comunicação promovida por instituições pertencentes ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) possui falhas e, por isso, deixa de ser estratégica, eficaz e eficiente. Passada uma década, uma pesquisa aplicada de mestrado teve como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brasil). A proposta deste artigo, portanto, é apresentar os resultados inéditos da dissertação, comparando-os com a pesquisa nacional anterior. É possível apontar entre os destaques a evolução dos produtos de comunicação – da predominância dos materiais impressos aos online –, a comprovação ou a retificação de tendências apontadas pelo estudo da Fiocruz e ainda a manutenção de determinadas ações, atividades ou decisões que eram realizadas pelas assessorias de comunicação e que nada ou pouco mudaram dez anos depois.
Música Envernizada
Authors: Gonzalez Fernando
Published: January 2022

Este artigo discute o consumo simbólico da obra do violinista André Rieu, entendendo-o como uma estratégia para obtenção de lucro simbólico e evidências de distinção. Resultado da análise de cerca de 16 horas de gravações em DVD dos shows de Rieu disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil, o artigo busca um debate à luz dos conceitos de campos sociais, espaço social, distinção, tradições inventadas e indústria cultural.
Corrosion Behavior of Spherical Chromium Carbide Reinforced NiCrBSi Hardmetal Coatings in Sulphuric Acid Solution
Authors: FAN Li , LI Xue-ying , CHEN Haiyan , DU Hailiang , SHI Lei
Published: January 2022

In the present work, four groups of spherical chromium carbide reinforced NiCrBSi hardmetal coatings were prepared on AISI 4145 steel by plasma transferred arc (PTA) technique. The corrosion behavior of the four as-received hardmetal coatings in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was investigated by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that more Cr-rich carbides (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and M23(C, B)6) are formed in the chromium carbide reinforced coatings, while for the NiCrBSi hardmetal coating only Cr7C3 carbide was detected by XRD. The polarization results show that the chromium carbide reinforced NiCrBSi hardmetal coatings have positive corrosion potential and lower corrosion current, providing a better protective effect to the substrate metal. The combined effects of Cr-rich carbide ceramic phases and a more stable passive film of Cr2O3 greatly improved the corrosion resistances of the chromium carbide reinforced NiCrBSi hardmetal coatings. The coating with the highest spherical chromium carbide addition has more pores because of the thermal stress due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between the NiCrBSi bonding phase and chromium carbide reinforced phase. The negative effects of the pores weaken the corrosion resistance, and the coating with the 30% chromium carbide content shows the best corrosion resistance. For NiCrBSi hardmetal coatings with higher reinforced chromium carbide content, the repeatability of the corrosion current obtained by polarization fitting is not as good as that of coatings with lower chromium carbide content. The repeatability of polarization results becomes worse when the specimens keep in a more stable passive state.
Parental Education, Ethnicity, and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens and Frontoparietal Network
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: January 2022

While studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Blacks than Whites. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, minoritization, and othering of Black people in the United States. However, less is known about Latino youth. This study had two aims: First, to test the association between parental education and the right and left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network (FPN) in children; and second, to investigate ethnic heterogeneity in this association. This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data (rsFC) of 10,840 US preadolescents who were between 9 and 10 years old. The main outcomes were the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN separately calculated for right and left hemispheres. Parental education was our independent variable. Family structure, sex, and age were covariates. Furthermore, ethnicity (Latino vs. non-Latino) was regarded as the moderator. We used mixed-effects regression for data analysis with and without interaction terms between parental education and ethnicity. Most participants (n = 8690; 80.2%) were non-Latino and 2150 (19.8%) were Latino. Parental education was associated with higher right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education, suggesting that the positive associations between parental education and right and left NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN were different in non-Latino and Latino children. For right hemisphere, we found significantly stronger and for left hemisphere, we found significantly weaker association for Latino compared with non-Latino preadolescents. Preadolescents’ NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN depends on the intersections of ethnicity, parental education, and laterality.
Desertification and Its Control along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Authors: Liu Yuguo , Luo Jiufu , Zhou Jinxing , Cui Ming
Published: January 2022

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a magnificent project in the twenty first century. However, the problem of land desertification has arisen during the operation of the railway. Many sections of the railway roadbed are buried by sand. The ecological safety along the railway and the safe operation of the railway have attracted worldwide attention. This chapter will focus on the current situation of desertification along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, such as key desertification sections and the temporal and spatial characteristics of the occurrence of desertification. At the same time, it introduces the characteristics of the dynamic conditions of railway desertification and the source of sand material. It is divided into two parts: biological measures and engineering measures to introduce desertification control along the railway. The biological measures focus on the selection of Lolium perenne, Festuca sinensi, Elymus breviaristatus, Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila, and other alpine native sand-fixing plant materials. The engineering measures will introduce the railway desertification comprehensive prevention and control technology system that combines solidification, resistance, and transportation.
Motivation and Social Skills in Nursing Students Compared to Physical Education Students
Authors: Sánchez-Bolívar Lionel , Escalante-González Sergio , Martínez-Martínez Asuncion
Published: January 2022

One of the relevant factors that explain human behavior, in the acts that develops in daily life, is motivation. The aim of this study was to determinate the level of motivation and social skills in nursing degree student and compare with the level of motivation of physical education students. A descriptive and correlational study, with a cross-sectional design was used in this research (n= 101; 22.03 + 5.8 years old), using the Spanish version of the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). It can be highlighted that there is a predominantly female student population in this campus, with a higher motivational level. The predominant religion is the Christian/Catholic, counting with mean values in identified regulation superior to those of the rest. Regarding social skills, thinking (optimistic or pessimistic), empathy and assertiveness are the skills that influence the degree of motivation of students. Regarding the level of motivation, Nursing students show a medium-high level and Physical Education, a high level. Motivation is intrinsic in nursing students and more extrinsic in Physical Education students, although there are also high levels of intrinsic motivation.

Uno de los factores relevantes que explican el comportamiento humano, en los actos que se desarrollan en la vida diaria, es la motivación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de motivación y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de enfermería y compararlo con la motivación de estudiantes universitarios de educación física. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, con un diseño transversal, en (n=101; 22.03+5.8 años), utilizando la Escala de Motivación Situacional (SIMS). Se puede resaltar que hay una población estudiantil predominantemente femenina, con un mayor nivel de motivación, hecho que se repite en estudiantes de Educación Física. La religión predominante es la cristiana/católica, contando con valores medios en una regulación identificada superior a la del resto. El pensamiento, la empatía y la asertividad son las habilidades que influyen en el grado de motivación de los estudiantes. Existe una relación negativa entre la motivación intrínseca y la pasividad y entre la motivación intrínseca y la agresividad. En cuanto al nivel de motivación, el alumnado de Enfermería manifiesta un nivel medio-alto y el de Educación Física, un nivel alto. La motivación es intrínseca en estudiantes de enfermería y más extrínseca en el alumnado de Educación Física, aunque también, existen altos niveles de motivación intrínseca.
Asociación entre el peso de mochilas escolares con el modo de desplazamiento al colegio y dolor musculoesquelético
Authors: Ávila-García Manuel , Solís-Urra Patricio , Huertas-Delgado Francisco Javier , Tercedor Pablo , Villa-González Emilio
Published: January 2022

The aims of this study were; 1- Analyze the mode of commuting of the school children to school, the weight and type of school bags they were carrying and musculoskeletal pain separately by sex. 2- Analyze the association between weights of school bags with mode of commuting to school. A total of 76 children (8.8 ± 0.3 years, 50% children) participated in the study. The Pediatric Pain questionnaire was used to determine the presence or absence of pain. The PACO questionnaire was used to know the mode of commuting to school. The results showed that the active commuting were higher in boys than girls (p =0.042). In addition, there was a significant association between meeting the school bags weight recommended and active commuting from school to home (OR =3.88, p =0.039). Meeting with the weight of the school bags recommended may favor the non-appearance of musculoskeletal pain and active commuting to school.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron; 1- Analizar el modo de desplazamiento de los escolares al colegio, el peso y tipo de mochilas transportadas y dolores músculos-esqueléticos diferenciados por sexo. 2- Analizar la asociación entre el peso de las mochilas con el modo de desplazamiento al colegio. Un total de 76 escolares (8.8±0.3 años, 50% niños) participaron en el estudio. El cuestionario Pediátrico de Dolor sirvió para determinar la presencia o no de dolor. El cuestionario PACO fue utilizado para determinar el modo de desplazamiento al colegio. Los resultados indicaron que las niños se desplazaron más de forma activa que los niñas (p =0.042). Además, existió una asociación significativa entre cumplir con el peso recomendado de las mochilas y el desplazamiento activo del colegio al hogar (OR =3.88, p =0.039). Cumplir con el peso recomendado de las mochilas está asociado a la ausencia de dolor musculo-esquelético y el desplazamiento activo al colegio.
La responsabilidad social corporativa y los eventos deportivos. Una revisión sistemática de la producción científica
Authors: Fonseca Ingrid , Bernate Jayson , Tuay Diego
Published: January 2022

The impact of sporting events is related to social, economic, environmental and political aspects that affect the development of communities through social integration. The aim of the study was to examine the current state of research on sporting events and corporate social responsibility. The research design is a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) of 268 documents in the Scopus, SportDiscus, Proquest and Dialnet databases. After the filtering process, 26 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. According to this review, it is concluded that in sporting events it is necessary to have the interest groups from the moment of planning the event, generate initiatives to avoid environmental damage in the construction of stages, seek economic sustainability, and give conscious use to the sports infrastructure built and leave a long-term positive legacy.

El impacto de los eventos deportivos está relacionado con aspectos sociales, económicos, ambientales y políticos que inciden en el desarrollo de las comunidades por medio de la integración social. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el estado actual de las investigaciones sobre los eventos deportivos y la responsabilidad social corporativa. El diseño de investigación es una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica (SLR) de 268 documentos en las bases de datos Scopus, SportDiscus, Proquest y Dialnet, posterior al proceso de filtrado se seleccionaron 26 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La principal conclusión de este estudio es que en los eventos deportivos se debe contar con los grupos de interés desde el momento de planificación del evento, generar iniciativas para evitar daños ambientales en la construcción de escenarios, buscar sostenibilidad económica, dar uso consiente a la infraestructura deportiva construida y dejar un legado positivo a largo plazo.
Type B Uncertainty Analysis of Gravity-Based Determinations of Triaxial-Accelerometer Properties by Simulation of Measurement Errors
Authors: Geist Jon , Gaitan Michael
Published: January 2022

We simulated the effects of gimbal-alignment errors and rotational step-size errors on measurements of the sensitivity matrix and
intrinsic properties of a triaxial accelerometer. We restricted the study to measurements carried out on a two-axis calibration system
using a previously described measurement and analysis protocol. As well as imperfections in the calibration system, we simulated
imperfect orthogonality of the accelerometer axes and non-identical sensitivity of the individual accelerometers in an otherwise perfect
triaxial accelerometer, but we left characterization of other accelerometer imperfections such as non-linearity for future study. Within
this framework, sensitivity-matrix errors are caused by imperfections in the construction and installation of the accelerometer
calibration system, but not by the accelerometer imperfections included in the simulations. We use the results of this study to assign
type B uncertainties to the components of the sensitivity matrix and related intrinsic properties due to imperfections in the measurement
system. For calibrations using a reasonably well manufactured and installed multi-axis rotation stage such as that studied in this paper,
we estimated upper bounds to the standard uncertainties of the order of 1 ×10−5 , 2 ×10−5 , 2 ×10−4 , and 5 ×10−5 for the intrinsic
sensitivities, diagonal elements of the sensitivity matrix, off-diagonal elements of the sensitivity matrix, and zero-acceleration offsets,
relative to a sensitivity-matrix element of 1, respectively, and 5 ×10−3 degrees for the intrinsic angles
AbsorbanceQ: An App for Generating Absorbance Images from Brightfield Images
Authors: Zimmerman Stephen M. , Simon Jr. Carl G. , Babakhanova Greta
Published: January 2022

The AbsorbanceQ app converts brightfield microscope images into absorbance images that can be analyzed and compared across different operators, microscopes, and time. Because absorbance-based measurements are comparable across these parameters, they are useful when the aim is to manufacture biotherapeutics with consistent quality. AbsorbanceQ will be of value to those who want to capture quantitative absorbance images of cells. The AbsorbanceQ app has two modes - a single image processing mode and a batch processing mode for multiple images. Instructions for using the app are given on the ‘App Information’ tab when the app is opened. The input and output images for the app have been defined, and synthetic images were used to validate that the output images are correct. This article provides a description of how to use the app, software specifications, a description of how the app works, instructive advice on how to use the tools and a description of the methods used to generate the software. In addition, links are provided to a website where the app and test images are deployed.
Certain issues of protection of the rights of citizens in concluding a transaction under psychological duress
Authors: Kulichev Roman Borisovich
Published: January 2022

This article is dedicated to the legal issues of protection of the rights of individuals who have concluded civil transactions under psychological duress, namely hypnosis. The object of this research is civil law relations that emerge in conclusion of transaction by individuals. The subject of this research is the person’s will and its characteristics in deciding to conclude a transaction under psychological coercion unrelated to physical violence, as well as legal consequences of concluding such transactions. The author examines the factors that contribute to conclusion of transactions under psychological coercion and possible reasons for psychological coercion. The article examines civil and criminal law methods of protection of the rights of citizens who concluded transactions with a defect of volition, but are legally capable and aware of their actions. The conclusion is made that the only effective way to protect the individual from concluding such transaction lies in cultivation of the will. It is noted that the key evidence in challenging such transactions is forensic psychiatry evaluation; however, its commission depends solely on the judge’s decision on a particular dispute. The author assumes that the implementation of punitive measures for coercing into conclusion of such transactions is improbable, since the law enforcement authorities would refuse to initiate a criminal case due to civil nature of the dispute. The scientific novelty of consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of both, civil and criminal law methods of protection of the rights of citizens who have concluded transactions with the defect of volition, and the possibility of their practical implementation.
Respiratory alkalosis provokes spike-wave discharges in seizure-prone rats
Authors: Salvati Kathryn A , Souza George MPR , Lu Adam C , Ritger Matthew L , Guyenet Patrice , Abbott Stephen B , Beenhakker Mark P
Published: January 2022

Hyperventilation reliably provokes seizures in patients diagnosed with absence epilepsy. Despite this predictable patient response, the mechanisms that enable hyperventilation to powerfully activate absence seizure-generating circuits remain entirely unknown. By utilizing gas exchange manipulations and optogenetics in the WAG/Rij rat, an established rodent model of absence epilepsy, we demonstrate that absence seizures are highly sensitive to arterial carbon dioxide, suggesting that seizure-generating circuits are sensitive to pH. Moreover, hyperventilation consistently activated neurons within the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, a structure implicated in seizure generation. We show that intralaminar thalamus also contains pH-sensitive neurons. Collectively, these observations suggest that hyperventilation activates pH-sensitive neurons of the intralaminar nuclei to provoke absence seizures.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel through one of two binding sites
Authors: Dietzen Noah M , Arcario Mark J , Chen Lawrence J , Petroff John T , Moreland K Trent , Krishnan Kathiresan , Brannigan Grace , Covey Douglas F , Cheng Wayland WL
Published: January 2022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) but the mechanism of inhibition is not well understood. The PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inhibits agonist responses of the pLGIC, ELIC, more effectively than palmitic acid, similar to the effects observed in the GABAA receptor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Using photo-affinity labeling and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we identified two fatty acid binding sites in the outer transmembrane domain (TMD) of ELIC. Fatty acid binding to the photolabeled sites is selective for DHA over palmitic acid, and specific for an agonist-bound state. Hexadecyl-methanethiosulfonate modification of one of the two fatty acid binding sites in the outer TMD recapitulates the inhibitory effect of PUFAs in ELIC. The results demonstrate that DHA selectively binds to multiple sites in the outer TMD of ELIC, but that state-dependent binding to a single intrasubunit site mediates DHA inhibition of ELIC.
Activation by cleavage of the epithelial Na+ channel α and γ subunits independently coevolved with the vertebrate terrestrial migration
Authors: Wang Xue-Ping , Balchak Deidra M , Gentilcore Clayton , Clark Nathan L , Kashlan Ossama B
Published: January 2022

Vertebrates evolved mechanisms for sodium conservation and gas exchange in conjunction with migration from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) function is critical to systems responsible for extracellular fluid homeostasis and gas exchange. ENaC is activated by cleavage at multiple specific extracellular polybasic sites, releasing inhibitory tracts from the channel’s α and γ subunits. We found that proximal and distal polybasic tracts in ENaC subunits coevolved, consistent with the dual cleavage requirement for activation observed in mammals. Polybasic tract pairs evolved with the terrestrial migration and the appearance of lungs, coincident with the ENaC activator aldosterone, and appeared independently in the α and γ subunits. In summary, sites within ENaC for protease activation developed in vertebrates when renal Na+ conservation and alveolar gas exchange were required for terrestrial survival.
RNA sequencing-based exploration of the effects of blue laser irradiation on mRNAs involved in functional metabolites of D. officinales
Authors: Li Hansheng , Qiu Yuqiang , Sun Gang , Ye Wei
Published: January 2022

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) has promising lung moisturizing, detoxifying, and immune boosting properties. Light is an important factor influencing functional metabolite synthesis in D. officinale. The mechanisms by which lasers affect plants are different from those of ordinary light sources; lasers can effectively address the shortcomings of ordinary light sources and have significant interactions with plants. Different light treatments (white, blue, blue laser) were applied, and the number of red leaves under blue laser was greater than that under blue and white light. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze differences in D. officinale under different light treatments. The results showed 465, 2,107 and 1,453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LB-B, LB-W and W-B, respectively. GO, KEGG and other analyses of DEGs indicated that D. officinale has multiple blue laser response modes. Among them, the plasma membrane, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, heat shock proteins, etc. play central roles. Physiological and biochemical results verified that blue laser irradiation significantly increases POD, SOD, and PAL activities in D. officinale. The functional metabolite results showed that blue laser had the greatest promoting effect on total flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. qPCR verification combined with other results suggested that CRY DASH, SPA1, HY5, and PIF4 in the blue laser signal transduction pathway affect functional metabolite accumulation in D. officinale through positively regulated expression patterns, while CO16 and MYC2 exhibit negatively regulated expression patterns. These findings provide new ideas for the efficient production of metabolites in D. officinale.