bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micropropagation of Zingiber officinal roscoe
Authors: Keer Kheiry , Abughnia Elmundr , Hammud Salem , shaaban Ahmed , Abusanina Mohamed , shaheen Arij
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted in plant tissue culture In Biotechnology which belong to biotechnology research center (Tripoli – for Micropropagation of in order to study the response of Zingiber plant to In vitro micro propagation through plant tissue culture technology , while the study was beginning by Samples were collected , the samples from the local market and directly were put in dark For sprouting
in order to obtain plant tissue which will be used for plant micro propagation. Sprouted buds growth were obtained the plant tissue were sterilized by use 2.5% Clorox and 70% ethanol in hood cabinet with sterilized conditions , then sterilized plant tissue were cultured in small gars contain Murashige and Skoog MS medim as control treatment and MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BA and NAA plant growth regulators while the treatments were ( 2 , 4mg/l BA ) and ( 2 mg/l BA +
0.5mg/l NAA) . Results of this study showed present a good response of Zingiber plant to micro propagation by tissue culture technology in all the treatments event control treatment moreover the results showed that the treatment of 2 mg/l BA gave the highest average of obtained number of brunches and root system growth , finally the obtained plants from the experiments were moved to adaptation stage by placed the plants in small puts contain peat moss fertilizer
Effect of Biochar, Compost, Chicken Manure and Mineral Fertilization on Total Uptake of NPK of Wheat and Barley in Sandy Soil
Authors: Makhlof Hassin AL. , Mohammed Hassan A. , Ahmed Gomoa L.
Published: February 2020

Wheat and barley are the most important agricultural crops in many countries around the world, just behind rice and maize in importance. Hence, two field experiments with design of spit plot were carried out in winter season of 2014-2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture Research Farm, Mansoura University, Egypt to investigate total uptake of N, P and K by wheat (Sakha 68) and barley (Gemeza123) under different application rates of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as grain Protein yield of Kg fed-1. Treatments of organic were chicken manure, compost and biochar, while the studied mineral fertilizer treatments took with rates of 50,75,100 and 125 % .The results revealed that total removed (uptake) of NPK by wheat plant were 80.88, 15.79, and 123.54, respectively; while with barley plant they amounted by 61.60, 11.21, and 56.83 were assigned with the treatment of chicken manure + 125% of recommended NPK treatments. Also, the best interaction was found between chicken manure + 125% mineral treatments which gave the highest value of protein uptake which were 310.60 and 278.76 kg fed-1 compared with other interactions of wheat and barley crops. It can conclude that Chicken manure + 125% mineral treatments were the superior in most amendments and gave the highest values of total NPK uptake and protein yield which in turn lead to improve crop productivity as well as sustain soil health and fertility.
The effect of reusing treated wastewater in irrigation on some chemical soil properties and wheat crop growth
Authors: Milad Ramadan. A. , Benzaghta Mostafa. A. , Amaref Mahmoud. A.
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the suitability of reusing of treated wastewater to irrigate wheat crop and its impact on soil properties. The study was conducted during the Agricultural season 2014-2015, at Sirte, Libya. The climate of this area characterized by dry and hot in summer, cool and rained in winter, as well as the annual rainfall in the range of 175 mm to 200 mm, so the area is considered as semi-arid area. The experiment was designed to use treated wastewater under different managements ((W1) 100% fresh water (from artificial stream), (W2) Mixed by 50% fresh water and treated wastewater, (W3) mixed by 33% fresh water and 67% treated wastewater and (W4) 100% treated wastewater). Two soil profiles were selected and described, namely Sandy (S1) and Sandy loam (S2) soils. Wheat crop was used as indicator. The chemical, physical and microbiological analyses were done for water and soil samples using standard methods. The analyses include soil texture, bulk density, moisture content, electrical conductivity, pH, anions, cations, and E coli form. Also, the wheat crop growth components were studied. The quality of used water was found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation (FAO) for irrigation water, while lead was found exceeding the sever permissible level. From the other hand treated wastewater showed significant difference at P≤0.05 in increasing the average values of wheat crop growth components, in compare with fresh water, which recorded the lowest values. The chemical properties of soils extractions showed non -significant difference at P≤0.05 under the different irrigation managements, while the chloride and lead showed significant increase in sand loamy soil and carbonate in sandy soil. On the other hand, the both soils showed the same performance in increasing wheat growth components. The treated wastewater (W4) supplied significant numbers of E coli form 100/ml to the both soils followed by (W3), while fresh water recorded less values. The study concluded that using of treated wastewater in irrigation of agricultural crops under monitoring system has economic feasibility.
Consideraciones sistémicas del proceso de diseño para una resignificación genésica de los materiales residuales
Authors: Hernández-Neria Gerardo , Rubio-Toledo Miguel Ángel , Santamaría-Ortega Arturo
Published: February 2020

Desde hace algunos años, algunos aspectos fundamentales de la Teoría General de Sistemas Complejos –particularmente el pensamiento sistémico– se han considerado como necesarios en los ámbitos de la generación y aplicación de conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos. Sin embargo, en el caso particular de la creación de soluciones objetuales en el proceso de diseño, este tipo de aproximación sistémica aún no es discurrida de manera integral, a pesar de que es necesario observar los procesos y productos de diseño como sistemas, con el fin de comprender la organización y participación de distintos factores de dichos procesos, así como la interacción contextual existente entre el diseñador-objeto-usuario. En este sentido, el proceso de diseño sistémico determina una nueva forma de significación de las actividades de diseño y la concepción de nuevos productos distinguidos como sistemas. Además, las consideraciones sistémicas del proceso de diseño garantizan una estructuración epistemológica para la asignación de significaciones en relación con la existencia de algo a partir de su totalidad objetiva. Así, cuando el proceso de diseño sistémico se enfoca en los propios materiales residuales, se establece la resignificación genésica como un constructo para la asignación de un nuevo significado sin precedente, donde las concepciones relacionales determinan las condiciones resultantes como un nuevo comienzo para su aplicabilidad. Esta postura es evaluada por un modelo de resignificación genésica para la valorización de materiales residuales, en el cual se analizan las relaciones existentes entre elementos y factores participantes del proceso de diseño para la creación de nuevos productos.
Enhanced interfacial strength of plasma treated polyethylene and glass
Authors: Vojtech Novácek  , Petr Špatenka  , Tatana Vacková  , Zdenka Jeníková  , Syam Krishna  , Bedrich Veselý
Published: February 2020

Low-temperature plasma treatment represents an important technology to influence surface properties of polymers. Less financially demanding and environmentally friendly way leads to a significant enhancement of adhesion to another type of surfaces. The article describes the influence of plasma treatment time of polyethylene (PE) powder leading to the increase of interfacial strength to glass substrate. This strength was quantified by the tensile test and compared with the industrially used chemical products, maleic anhydride or silane. The maximum value of the interfacial strength was achieved by plasma treatment with an exposure time of 60 s and is at least by 150 % higher than in the case of the interphase created by silane. The results of the research, also proven by ESCA measurement, represent the potential of using plasma treatment of powder semi-products for the preparation of fibre-reinforced composites with a thermoplastic matrix processed only at atmospheric pressures.

Keywords: Plastics; Glass; Surface treatment; Interface/interphase
Impact of beet quality on sugar manufacture Part 2. Impact of invert sugar on beet processing
Authors: de Bruijn Jan Maarten
Published: February 2020

In the earlier SugarProTech Facts1, Part 1, it has been explained that, apart from the traditional beet quality criteria (i.e. sugar content, K, Na, N, soil tare), additional quality criteria should be looked upon too, so to reduce their impact on processing. The invert sugar content of sugar beet is one of the most important quality parameters and thanks to recent developments it is now possible to routinely determine the glucose content of sugar beet in the tarehouse from which the total invert sugar content can be calculated.

In Part 2 of this beet quality topic it will be demonstrated that incorporating invert sugar in the (Dutch) formula for predicting the sugar loss to molasses – and so the extractability of sugar from beet – has markedly improved the correlation between beet quality analysis and sugar recovery in factory practice. The impact of the invert sugar content in beet on both sugar recovery and the need of alkali addition to process will be quantified, thereby distinguishing different beet qualities.
Einfluss von Fungizidstrategie und Sorte auf die Entwicklung der Cercospora-Blattfleckenkrankheit in Zuckerrüben
Authors: Kenter Christine , Laufer Daniel , Ladewig Erwin
Published: February 2020

Die Cercospora-Blattfleckenkrankheit gewinnt in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung, gleichzeitig verlieren vorhandene Fungizide an Wirksamkeit. Daher müssen effiziente Bekämpfungsstrategien entwickelt werden, um die Erträge zu stabilisieren und die weitere Verbreitung von Resistenzen einzudämmen. In insgesamt acht Feldversuchen wurde 2017 und 2018 die Wirksamkeit von vier Fungizidstrategien auf den Cercospora-Befall einer anfälligen und einer toleranten Zuckerrübensorte geprüft. Alle

Fungizidstrategien reduzierten den Befall in allen Umwelten. Bei moderatem Befall war diese Reduktion insbesondere bei der toleranten Sorte nicht immer ertragswirksam. Ferner erreichte die tolerante Sorte die Schwelle für die zweite bzw. dritte Fungizidapplikation um bis zu drei Wochen später als die anfällige Sorte. Bei stärkerem bis extremem Befall zeigten die Fungizidstrategien, die neben Triazolen und Thiophanat-methyl zusätzlich ein Kontaktfungizid enthielten, eine verbesserte Wirkung auf den Befall und den Bereinigten Zuckerertrag. Sowohl tolerante Sorten, als auch die nur für Notfallsituationen zugelassenen Kontaktfungizide können aktuell zum Resistenzmanagement von Cercospora beticola beitragen.
Air temperature anomalies in Czechia
Authors: Křížová Milada
Published: February 2020

Air temperature extremes and temperature records in various places are favorite topics of the mass media. The study of spatial distribution of temperature anomalies is an important part of regional climatology and physical geography. It is also a relevant base for synoptic meteorologists, who can make better predictions of the temperature regime in various regions during various meteorological situations. This paper offers a modus operandi for an evaluation of climate stations. The crucial element for the evaluation is the representative character of a climate station for a specific region. To find out the temperature differences in climate stations, it is necessary to compare them without any influence of their geographical position. This means analyzing the data without the vertical temperature gradients and the latitude and longitude temperature variations.
COMPETITIVE TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE: USING PATENT DATA TO DETERMINE SMART CITY TRENDS
Authors: POTANČOK Martin , ČERNÝ Jan
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to define a method for uncovering smart city technology trends using competitive technical intelligence processes focused on intellectual property analysis using data visualisation. The authors introduce ways of gathering relevant core bibliographic data on the desired technology together with search preparation and query building. For demonstration purposes, the authors have used the European Patent Office datasets. The aim of this paper is to define a method for smart city competitive intelligence analysis focused on the main innovative companies and organizations and specific technology trends. The time period between the years 1997 and 2017 is used. Based on the results, the authors have indicated that Samsung is the leader in intelligent city innovations in this period. Five main product invention categories were also identified.
MIGRATION AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN THE REGIONS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: PARFENOVA Kseniya , GUROVA Olga
Published: February 2020

This article analyses the migration and investment activity processes in constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Siberian Federal District (SFD). The research was performed on the basis of official statistical data with geographical visual reference. The study was performed in the mono-specialized cities of SFD regions on the basis of official statistics within the context of the creation of Priority Social and Economic Development Areas (PSEDA). A negative migration balance is registered in SFD regions and mono-specialized settlements. Investment activity in SFD territories, their regional potentials and risks were analyzed. Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk Region, Irkutsk Region, Novosibirsk Region, and Kemerovo Region stand out among the SFD regions by their investment activity level and social and economic development. At the current stage of social and economic development, Priority Social and Economic Development Areas can be successfully created in the regions which are the most developed both industrially and innovatively and in the mono-specialized settlements with the most favorable start conditions.
LAND COVER IMPACTS TOWARDS THERMAL VARIATION IN THE KUALA LUMPUR CITY
Authors: ISA Nurul Amirah , WAN MOHD Wan Mohd Naim , SALLEH Siti Aekbal , GEE OOI Maggie Chel , CHAN Andy
Published: February 2020

Physical geography and urban characteristics influenced the urban climate conditions. Built-up areas, green urban parks, forest reserves, streets and terrain constitute the climatic interactions within urban areas. These have led to the variation of the urban climate condition throughout the world. Thus, in studying urban climate, the impacts of these factors are crucial to be examined. This study aims to examine the effects of six important factors, namely built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume, surface roughness and land use type, which contribute to the variation of the urban climate condition within the Kuala Lumpur City. In this study, the effects of the six factors (urban parameters) towards the air surface temperature variation were statistically tested. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and remote sensing technique, the data needed for the analyses were extracted. The Geographical Information System (GIS) was employed as the analysis platform during the study. Based on the Spearman’s rho and Mann-Whitney U tests, it was identified that the six urban parameters and the air surface temperature variation are correlated. The further investigation conducted using the Kruskall-Wallis test has identified that only five of the urban parameters showed significant effects toward the air surface temperature variation, which are built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume and surface roughness while the land use type was excluded. The findings of this study are very crucial as a pioneer research to integrate the urban climatic information in the urban planning decision making in tropical cities like Kuala Lumpur.
Upaya Pencegahan Perilaku Konsumtif Melalui Layanan Informasi Menggunakan Teknik Audio Visual
Authors: Wastuti Sri Ngayomi Yudha , Pangaribuan Amir Husin
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by the development of globalization, which has an extraordinary impact on adolescents. Adolescence is a period where they want to be accepted by their existence and recognized by their existence so that they do everything to fulfill their desires. Adolescence is the process of finding identity, so that makes them more easily influenced and carried away by their environment. The need to be accepted and be the same as other people causes teens to follow various attributes that are popular. One way is to behave consumptively. The formation of consumptive behavior in human beings can be influenced by two factors originating from within the individual (internal) and from outside the individual (external). This study was included in the Quasi Experiment with one group design; the population in this study were MAN 1 Medan students. The sample is class X students of 25 people selected by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale model. The validity test of the research instrument was through the content validity test by several experts and was also carried out using Product Moment Correlation with the mean correlation coefficient of 0.656 and the reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha formula with r 0.972.
Hukum Menikah Dini Dan Dampaknya Bagi Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: February 2020

Ideally a person who is going to get married should have grown up both physically and thoughtfully for the sake of the realization of a harmonious, happy and prosperous couple, but many factors that cause early marriage include caused by excessive courtship and eventually pregnancy out of the wedlock or because of dependents his/her parents were too much so that their underage children were forced to mate to reduce their parents’ costs because there were still many siblings, or because their lives were so difficult that an underage child was married by his parents or the child was married to someone older but his life is well established so that it is expected from the marriage that it can help the economy of the family of the father and mother. The household is the first place for children to develop mental and personality formation which is than refined informal and non-formal education. Likewise the case with religious education must be started in the household as early as possible, such as the practice of prayer, fasting and others. Creating a religious atmosphere in the household not only makes the members of the household happy but also has a great influence on the formation of a religious human personality for the children.
Space, Place and Autonomy in Language Learning by Garold Murray and Terry Lamb
Authors: Cotterall Sara
Published: February 2020

Over the years, I have come to appreciate the publication of each new Garold Murray book for obliging me to engage with innovative ideas in the field. Murray’s most recent collaboration with Terry Lamb is no exception. In this collection, the editors have trained their gaze on space and place – phenomena so very ordinary and ubiquitous that many of us may never have reflected on the role they play in learning. Each of the book’s 15 chapters explores, in very different ways, the processes by which spaces are transformed into places for language learning or teaching. According to Carter, Donald and Squires (1993, ix) – “place is a space to which meaning is ascribed”. Think of your favourite café, the spot in your home you go to when you want to read, or the area in the yoga room where you like to place your mat. According to Murray and Lamb, autonomy is a key element in the process of transforming a space into a place.
An Investigation into the Criteria Students Use When Selecting Graded Readers
Authors: Lyon Phoebe , Barr Amber
Published: February 2020

Material selection is one way through which students are empowered to take a more active role in their language learning. With the shifting of responsibility to the students, however, it is important to understand what criteria students are using in the material selection process. This study investigates the criteria students used when making graded reader selections for the extensive reading component of freshman level reading and writing courses at a university in Japan. Data from surveys showed that few students proved able to consistently make selections that met their expectations and that even after multiple book selections, some students continued to struggle with the task. The paper will conclude with suggestions for assisting students to make more informed choices when selecting graded readers.
Gender Participation in Palm Sugar Processing in Kolaka District of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Surni Surni , Saediman Haji
Published: February 2020

The study aimed to assess gender involvement in palm sugar (gula aren) processing. The study was carried out in a palm sugar producing village in Wolo subdistrict, Kolaka district, Southeast Sulawesi. Twenty palm sugar farmer-processors living in the village were selected as respondents. Data collection was done using questionnaire-based interview and Key Informant Interview (KII) methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as scoring method based on five-point Likert Scale responses. Study results showed that women are not involved at all in tapping preparation, tapping, and sap filtering. Women are involved in cooking, stirring, molding, and marketing, but their level of participation is much lower than that of men. Wrapping solid sugar is the only practice where women’s involvement is higher than men’s. A grand mean participation index of 1.9 for women and 4.4 for men indicated that palm sugar processing is a men-dominated livelihood. Next studies need to examine whether this status of men-dominated livelihood also applies in other sugar palm growing areas within the province. The study recommended that women should be motivated and encouraged to engage more in home-based activities of palm sugar processing.
Specifications of Resonant Acoustic Rotating Waves in Circular and Annular Domains
Authors: Sviyazheninov Eugene
Published: February 2020

Circular and annular domains of hydroacoustic vibration are very common in modern technology due to their simplicity. On the other hand it turns out that such a shape possesses remarkable vibration properties. It is determined that there are two classes of resonant rotating waves, predominantly tangential and predominantly radial, in terms of prevalence of tangential or radial components of the vectors of vibrational velocities and displacements. The complete map of resonant angular velocities shows that all predominantly tangential angular velocities for all values of ring thickness are assembled into the self-isolating unique single low-frequency branch, whereas predominantly radial ones fill the entire high-frequency region very densely.
Analyzing Writing Tasks in Japanese High School English Textbooks: English I, II, and Writing
Authors: Kobayakawa Mayumi
Published: February 2020

A quantitative comparative analysis of writing tasks in English I, II, and Writing textbooks was conducted in this study. Writing tasks in the textbooks were classified into four categories: controlled writing, guided writing, translation, and free writing; and 14 subcategories. The results of the analysis show that both English I and II textbooks featured mostly controlled writing tasks and fill-in-the-blank with translation tasks, while Writing textbooks included various translation and controlled writing tasks. Overall, guided writing and free writing tasks rarely appeared in the textbooks analyzed. According to the Japanese government’s (MEXT) course of study, writing instruction is generally related to free writing tasks. Therefore, free writing skills are necessary to develop students’ practical communication abilities as defined by MEXT. These findings suggest that teachers need to support the development of practical communication abilities by proactively increasing the free writing activities in English classes.

高等学校英語教科書における「書くこと」の課題比較分析：英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ、ライティングについて

本研究では、英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ、ライティング教科書における「書くこと」の課題の量的比較分析を行った。分類方法としては、教科書の書く活動を制限作文、誘導作文、和文英訳、自由英作文の4つに大別し、さらにこれらの活動を14種類の課題に分類した。分析結果によると、英語Ⅰ・Ⅱ教科書では制限作文や日本文を見て一文埋める問題、ライティング教科書では和文英訳や制限作文の課題が多く設定されていた。全体的な特徴として、誘導作文と自由英作文の課題の占める割合は少なかった。「書くこと」に関する学習指導要領の記述内容は主に自由英作文の課題と関連していることから、文部科学省が定義する「実践的コミュニケーション能力」を育成するためには、自由英作文を書く技能が必要である。したがって、英語授業における書く活動では、自由英作文を書く機会を積極的に増やすことにより、「実践的コミュニケーション能力」の育成を支援する必要があると示唆される。
DAMPAK KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP PESERTA BPJS KESEHATAN DI RS MELANIA BOGOR
Authors: Soedargo Bayu Prasetyo
Published: February 2020

Health is very important for every individual. This will make people more concerned with their health and will make various efforts to maintain their health. On the other hand, the state is obliged to guarantee the health of its citizens. Therefore, the state established a National Health Insurance (JKN) program to provide health insurance for all Indonesian people. This government program is organized by the Health Insurance Administration Agency (BPJS).

This study aims to determine the extent of satisfaction of inpatients in Melania Hospital to the services provided by the BPJS Health program. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods in finding answers to the level of satisfaction of inpatients in Melania Hospital using the BPJS Health program. This explanation is supported by questionnaire data obtained from 317 inpatients using the BPJS Health program.

The results of this study indicate that the quality of services provided by Melania Hospital to BPJS inpatients is good with a total average value of 4.10. For tangible dimensions the average value is 4.10, the reliability dimension the average value is 4.04, the responsiveness dimension the average value is 4.12, the assurance dimension the average value is 4.09 and the empathy dimension the average value is 4.13. The advice given is that Melania Hospital should fix a number of indicators that are still below the standard set by Melania Hospital.

                              

Keyword :  BPJS Health program, Inpatients, Inpatients satisfaction
THE LINK BETWEEN CARBON EMISSIONS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Sibanda Mabutho , Ndlela Hlengiwe
Published: February 2020

This study seeks to establish the relationship between carbon emissions, agricultural output and industrial output
in South Africa. It uses data from 1960 to 2017 based on an annual frequency, giving a total of 58 annual observations. The Autoregressive
Distributed Lag technique is employed to estimate the model on a bivariate basis. The evidence shows that carbon emissions are not influenced
by agricultural and industrial output. Conversely, agricultural output is influenced by carbon emissions and industrial output. The results
suggest that climate change resulting from carbon emissions has led to reduced agricultural output, adversely affecting food security. The
significant relationship between industrial and agricultural output suggests that a properly functioning industrial sector will cause an increase
in the agricultural output. The study’s findings have implications for climate change and manufacturing policies in South Africa.
DATASET FOR EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE METHODS OF SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION ALGORITHMS USING TETRAHEDRAL MICROPHONE ARRAYS
Authors: Sakavičius Saulius
Published: February 2020

For the development and evaluation of a sound source localization and separation methods, a concise audio dataset with complete geometrical information about the room, the positions of the sound sources, and the array of microphones is needed. Computer simulation of such audio and geometrical data often relies on simplifications and are sufficiently accurate only for a specific set of conditions. It is generally desired to evaluate algorithms on real-world data. For a three-dimensional sound source localization or direction of arrival estimation, a non-coplanar microphone array is needed.Simplest and most general type of non-coplanar array is a tetrahedral array. There is a lack of openly accessible realworld audio datasets obtained using such arrays. We present an audio dataset for the evaluation of sound source localization algorithms, which involve tetrahedral microphone arrays. The dataset is complete with the geometrical information of the room, the positions of the sound sources and the microphone array. Array audio data was captured for two tetrahedral microphone arrays with different distances between microphones and one or two active sound sources. The dataset is suitable for speech recognition and direction-of-arrival estimation, as the signals used for sound sources were speech signals.
Chemistry Along Accretion Streams in a Viscously Evolving Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Price Ellen M. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Öberg Karin I.
Published: February 2020

The composition of a protoplanetary disk is set by a combination of interstellar inheritance and gas and grain surface chemical reactions within the disk. The survival of inherited molecules, as well as the disk in situ chemistry depends on the local temperature, density and irradiation environment, which can change over time due to stellar and disk evolution, as well as transport in the disk. We address one aspect of this coupling between the physical and chemical evolution in disks by following accretion streamlines of gas and small grains in the disk midplane, while simultaneously taking the evolving star into account. This approach is computationally efficient and enables us to take into account changing physical conditions without reducing the chemical network. We find that many species are enhanced in the inner disk midplane in the dynamic model due to inward transport of cosmic-ray driven chemical products, resulting in, e.g., orders of magnitude hydrocarbon enhancements at 1 au, compared to a static disk. For several other chemical families, there is no difference between the static and dynamic models, indicative of a robust chemical reset, while yet others show differences between static and dynamic models that depend on complex interactions between physics and chemistry during the inward track. The importance of coupling dynamics and chemistry when modeling the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks thus depends on what chemistry is of interest.
Bayesian Revisit of the Relationship between the Total Field Strength and the Volume Density of Interstellar Clouds
Authors: Jiang Hangjin , Li Hua-bai , Fan Xiaodan
Published: February 2020

The Zeeman effect has been the only method to directly probe the magnetic field strength in molecular clouds. The Bayesian analysis of Zeeman measurements carried out by Crutcher et al. is the only reference for cloud magnetic field strength. Here we extended their model and Bayesian analysis of the relation between field strength (B) and volume density (n) in the following three directions based on the recent observational and theoretical development. First, we take R, the observational uncertainty of n, as a parameter to be estimated from data. Second, the restriction of α, the index of the B–n relationship, is relieved from [0, 0.75] to [0, 1]. Third, we allow f, the minimum-to-maximum B ratio, to vary with n. Our results show that taking R as a parameter provides a better fitting to the B–n relationship and much more reliable estimates on R, f, and the changing point of α. Arguably our most important finding is that α cannot be reliably estimated by any of the models studied here, either from us or Crutcher et al., if R > 2, which is indeed the case from our estimate. This is the so-called errors-in-variables bias, a well known problem for statisticians.
Modeling the Strongest Silicate Emission Features of Local Type 1 AGNs
Authors: Martínez-Paredes M. , González-Martín O. , Esparza-Arredondo D. , Kim M. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Krongold Y. , Hoang T. , Almeida C. Ramos , Aretxaga I. , Dultzin D. , Hodgson J.
Published: February 2020

We measure the 10 and 18 μm silicate features in a sample of 67 local (z < 0.1) type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) with available Spitzer spectra dominated by nonstellar processes. We find that the 10 μm silicate feature peaks at

with a strength (Si
p
 = ln f
p
(spectrum)/f
p
(continuum)) of

, while the 18 μm one peaks at

with a strength of

. We select from this sample sources with the strongest 10 μm silicate strength (

, 10 objects). We carry out a detailed modeling of the infrared spectrometer/Spitzer spectra by comparing several models that assume different geometries and dust composition: a smooth torus model, two clumpy torus models, a two-phase medium torus model, and a disk+outflow clumpy model. We find that the silicate features are well modeled by the clumpy model of Nenkova et al., and among all models, those including outflows and complex dust composition are the best. We note that even in AGN-dominated galaxies, it is usually necessary to add stellar contributions to reproduce the emission at the shortest wavelengths.
Arecibo Investigations of Pulsar B0823+26. I. Plasma Source Changes Configure Its Bright and Quiet Modes
Authors: Rankin Joanna M. , Olszanski Timothy E. E. , Wright Geoffrey A. E.
Published: February 2020

The recently discovered 100X weaker quiescent (Q) mode in pulsar B0823+26 is X-ray quiet, unlike its usual bright (B) mode. Arecibo polarimetric observations were conducted to confirm the pulsar's orthogonal geometry and investigate the emission associated with its main pulse (MP), interpulse (IP), and postcursor (PC) components. Main results: (1) the pulsar’s MP, PC, and IP are present in both modes and exhibit a two-pole orthogonal geometry. (2) The B-mode MP is dominated by core emission with weak conal outriders, whereas, the Q-mode double profile shows mainly residual conal emission with little core. The IP is conal in both modes. (3) Sporadic intrapulse emission trailing the PC is detected in the Q mode. (4) B0823+26 falls close to an

boundary of 1032.5 erg s−1 (or B
12/P
2 ∼ 2.5) between core- and conal-dominated profiles—which also represents a boundary between pair-plasma source configurations above the polar cap. For larger energies, the pair-formation front is central, flat, and generates backflow heating, whereas for smaller energies it is peripheral, lower, and produces little heating. (5) Apparently, the pulsar is able to assume both core- and conal-dominated “states” corresponding to its bright and weak modes. These circumstances appear to explain B0823+26's B-mode X-ray bright/core-dominated radio emission or Q-mode X-ray faint/conal radio emission—and why the IP is X-ray quiet in both modes. (6) These same considerations applied to B0943+10 may explain why its brighter radio mode was conal and X-ray quiet, while the weaker one was X-ray bright—because its peripheral sightline would miss most core radiation.
A New Window into the Nature of X-Ray Binaries in M101 from Their Optical Emission
Authors: Chandar Rupali , Johns Paula , Mok Angus , Prestwich Andrea , Gallo Elena , Hunt Qiana
Published: February 2020

The high-energy emission from nearby, star-forming galaxies is dominated by X-ray binaries, where a neutron star or black hole is accreting mass from either a low-mass (≲3 M
⊙) or high-mass (≳8 M
⊙) star. Donor stars with intermediate masses ≈3–7 M
⊙ are also possible, but rarer in our Galaxy. Since it is not possible to separate low-, intermediate-, and high-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs, IMXBs, and HMXBs) from their X-ray properties alone, we use optical images of M101 taken with the Hubble Space Telescope to directly constrain the masses of donor stars in X-ray binaries down to ≈3 M
⊙. For X-ray binaries that still live within their parent star cluster, the age of the cluster provides strong constraints on the mass of the donor and hence type of binary. We present the classification, on a source-by-source basis, of 140 X-ray point sources in the nearby spiral galaxy M101 (D = 6.4 ± 0.2 Mpc). We find that, overall, HMXBs appear to follow the spiral arms, while LMXBs dominate the bulge region as expected, but also appear to form an inter-arm disk population. The X-ray luminosity functions for HMXBs and LMXBs are well fit by a power-law distribution, dN/dL
X ∝ L

α
, with α = −1.71 ± 0.06 (HMXBs) and α = −1.96 ± 0.08 (LMXBs), and the brightest sources are consistent with the expectations from sampling statistics without requiring a physical cutoff. Overall, our results for HMXB and LMXB populations agree well with the specific star formation rate map presented for M101 recently by Lehmer and collaborators.
The Molecular Gas in the NGC 6240 Merging Galaxy System at the Highest Spatial Resolution
Authors: Treister Ezequiel , Messias Hugo , Privon George C. , Nagar Neil , Medling Anne M. , U Vivian , Bauer Franz E. , Cicone Claudia , Muñoz Loreto Barcos , Evans Aaron S. , Muller-Sanchez Francisco , Comerford Julia M. , Armus Lee , Chang Chin-Shin , Koss Michael , Venturi Giacomo , Schawinski Kevin , Casey Caitlin , Urry C. Megan , Sanders David B. , Scoville Nicholas , Sheth Kartik
Published: February 2020

We present the highest-resolution—15 pc (0.″03)—ALMA 12CO(2–1) line emission and 1.3 mm continuum maps, tracers of the molecular gas and dust, respectively, in the nearby merging galaxy system NGC 6240, which hosts two supermassive black holes growing simultaneously. These observations provide an excellent spatial match to existing Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) optical and near-infrared observations of this system. A significant molecular gas mass, ∼9 × 109
M
⊙, is located between the two nuclei, forming a clumpy stream kinematically dominated by turbulence, rather than a smooth rotating disk, as previously assumed from lower-resolution data. Evidence for rotation is seen in the gas surrounding the southern nucleus but not in the northern one. Dynamical shells can be seen, likely associated with nuclear supernova remnants. We further detect the presence of significant high-velocity outflows, some of them reaching velocities >500 km s−1, affecting a significant fraction, ∼11%, of the molecular gas in the nuclear region. Inside the spheres of influence of the northern and southern supermassive black holes, we find molecular masses of 7.4 × 108 and 3.3 × 109
M
⊙, respectively. We are thus directly imaging the reservoir of gas that can accrete onto each supermassive black hole. These new ALMA maps highlight the critical need for high-resolution observations of molecular gas in order to understand the feeding of supermassive black holes and its connection to galaxy evolution in the context of a major galaxy merger.
CME–CME Interactions as Sources of CME Geoeffectiveness: The Formation of the Complex Ejecta and Intense Geomagnetic Storm in 2017 Early September
Authors: Scolini Camilla , Chané Emmanuel , Temmer Manuela , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Dissauer Karin , Veronig Astrid M. , Palmerio Erika , Pomoell Jens , Dumbović Mateja , Guo Jingnan , Rodriguez Luciano , Poedts Stefaan
Published: February 2020

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the primary sources of intense disturbances at Earth, where their geoeffectiveness is largely determined by their dynamic pressure and internal magnetic field, which can be significantly altered during interactions with other CMEs in interplanetary space. We analyze three successive CMEs that erupted from the Sun during 2017 September 4–6, investigating the role of CME–CME interactions as a source of the associated intense geomagnetic storm (

nT on September 7). To quantify the impact of interactions on the (geo)effectiveness of individual CMEs, we perform global heliospheric simulations with the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) model, using observation-based initial parameters with the additional purpose of validating the predictive capabilities of the model for complex CME events. The simulations show that around 0.45 au, the shock driven by the September 6 CME started compressing a preceding magnetic ejecta formed by the merging of two CMEs launched on September 4, significantly amplifying its B

z
until a maximum factor of 2.8 around 0.9 au. The following gradual conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal components reduced the B

z
amplification until its almost complete disappearance around 1.8 au. We conclude that a key factor at the origin of the intense storm triggered by the 2017 September 4–6 CMEs was their arrival at Earth during the phase of maximum B

z
amplification. Our analysis highlights how the amplification of the magnetic field of individual CMEs in spacetime due to interaction processes can be characterized by a growth, a maximum, and a decay phase, suggesting that the time interval between the CME eruptions and their relative speeds are critical factors in determining the resulting impact of complex CMEs at various heliocentric distances (helioeffectiveness).
Nursing Information Technology Knowledge, Skills, and Preparation of Student Nurses, Nursing Faculty, and Clinicians: A U.S. Survey
Authors: McNeil Barbara J , Elfrink Victoria L , Bickford Carol J , Pierce Susan T , Beyea Suzanne C , Averill Carolyn , Klappenbach Cari
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Because health care delivery increasingly requires timely information for effective decision making, information technology must be integrated into nursing education curricula for all future nurse clinicians and educators. This article reports findings from an online survey of deans and directors of 266 baccalaureate and higher nursing programs in the United States. Approximately half of the programs reported requiring word processing and email skill competency for students entering nursing undergraduate programs. Less than one third of the programs addressed the use of standardized languages or terminologies in nursing and telehealth applications of nursing. One third of the programs cited inclusion of evidence-based practice as part of graduate curricula. Program faculty, who were rated at the "novice" or "advanced beginner" level for teaching information technology content and using information technology tools, are teaching information literacy skills. The southeastern central and Pacific regions of the United States projected the greatest future need for information technology-prepared nurses. Implications for nurse educators and program directors are discussed.
Proceedings of the 29th National Conference of the Italian Group for the Study of Neuromorphology "Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Neuromorfologia" G.I.S.N., Bari, November 15-16, 2019
Authors: Marina Del Fiacco President:
Published: February 2020

Proceedings of the 29th National Conference of the Italian Group for the Study of Neuromorphology "Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Neuromorfologia" G.I.S.N., Bari, November 15-16, 2019
Effect of introduction of single-donor apheresis platelets in dengue management: A comparative analysis of two consecutive dengue epidemics
Authors: Kansay Sonam , Singh Harinder
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The frequency of dengue outbreak is increasing in Southeast Asian countries these days and since there are no specific drugs against the dengue virus; therefore, treatment consists of mainly symptomatic and supportive care.

AIMS: Platelet transfusion forms one of the major parts of treatment therapy in dengue; therefore, this study was initiated to elicit the effect of introduction of single-donor apheresis platelets (SDAPs) in dengue management.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a retrospective study conducted on 622 clinically suspected cases of dengue infection who received platelet transfusions between August 2013 and December 2015 in a teaching hospital of North India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data, reports of hematological investigation, transfusion request forms, platelet requirements, and data obtained from daily follow-up and blood bank records were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.

RESULTS: Average platelet count at which platelet transfusion initiated was 25,703/cumm. Average number of random donor platelets (RDPs) transfused significantly decreased in 2015 (2013 vs. 2015 is 5.4 vs. 4.3) due to the transfusion of SDAP to patients with very low platelet count and those with superimposed high-risk factors. Mean length of stay in hospital was similar for patients receiving RDP only and for those receiving RDP and SDAP both (5.48 vs. 5.54) while that for patients receiving SDAP only was quite lower (3.6). Overall cost of stay was higher for those receiving SDAP transfusions.

CONCLUSION: Decision for initiating platelet transfusions and calculating its dose for dengue patients is highly variable, but transfusing high-dose platelets such as SDAP at an appropriate stage can reduce further requirement of platelet transfusions, fasten the recovery, reduce the hospital stay, lower the risk of transfusion-associated adverse reactions, and can further minimize the associated morbidity and mortality.
Coinfection of chikungunya and dengue viruses: A serological study from North Western region of Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Singh Kanwardeep , Sidhu Shailpreet K , Devi Pushpa , Kaur Manpreet , Soneja Sapna , Singh Nacchartarjit
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION: Dengue and chikungunya (CHIK) infections appear to be increasing in all parts of India. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus (DENV) and CHIK virus (CHIKV). In areas where both viruses cocirculate, they can be transmitted together. There are very few studies discussing the dengue-chik coinfection from Punjab region of India. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical features of dengue–CHIK coinfection and compare with monoinfection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: IgM antibody capture (MAC) ELISA for dengue IgM and CHIK IgM and ELISA for nonstructural protein 1 antigen was performed on serum samples obtained from suspected patients.

RESULTS: Out of total 3160 samples from suspected patients for dengue infection, 2178 (68.92%) samples were positive for DENV while CHIK IgM antibodies were positive in 127 patients out of the total suspected 373 cases (34.04%). In addition to this, 283 samples were tested for both viruses, out of which 27 sera were positive (9.54%) for coinfection of dengue and CHIK. The comparison of signs and symptoms showed that the coinfected patients had fever in all cases while rash was seen in only 30% cases. Arthralgia (79%) and thrombocytopenia (77%) was seen in significant number of coinfected cases thus revealing overlapping nature of dengue–CHIK coinfection.

Conclusions: Increase in the number of Dengue and Chikungunya infections and their cocirculation is an important public health concern which warrants the implementation of strict control measures.