bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coinfections with Respiratory Pathogens among COVID-19 Patients in Korea
Authors: Roh Kyoung Ho , Kim Yu Kyung , Kim Shin-Woo , Kang Eun-Rim , Yang Yong-Jin , Jung Sun-Kyung , Lee Sun-Hwa , Sung Nackmoon
Published: May 2021

The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in upper and lower respiratory specimens and coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was investigated. Study subjects (N = 342) were retrospectively enrolled after being confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive, and their nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), and sputum specimens were restored for SARS-CoV-2 retesting and respiratory pathogen detection. The majority of the subjects (96.5%, N = 330) were confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS/OPS specimens. Among the COVID-19 patients (N = 342), 7.9% (N = 27) and 0.9% (N = 3) were coinfected with respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respectively, yielding an 8.8% (N = 30) overall respiratory pathogen coinfection rate. Of the respiratory virus coinfection cases (N = 27), 92.6% (N = 25) were coinfected with a single respiratory virus and 7.4% (N = 2) with two viruses (metapneumovirus/adenovirus and rhinovirus/bocavirus). No triple coinfections of other respiratory viruses or bacteria with SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Respiratory viruses coinfected in the patients with COVID-19 were as follows: rhinovirus (N = 7, 2.1%), respiratory syncytial virus A and B (N = 6, 1.8%), non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses (229E, NL63, and OC43, N = 5, 1.5%), metapneumovirus (N = 4, 1.2%), influenza A (N = 3, 0.9%), adenovirus (N = 3, 0.9%), and bocavirus (N = 1, 0.3%). In conclusion, the diagnostic value of utilizing NPS/OPS specimens is excellent, and, as the first report in Korea, coinfection with respiratory pathogens was detected at a rate of 8.8% in patients with COVID-19.
A Study onA−I−Γ-Hyperideals andm,n−Γ-Hyperfilters in OrderedΓ-Semihypergroups
Authors: Rao Yongsheng , Kosari Saeed , Shao Zehui , Akhoundi Maryam , Omidi Saber
Published: May 2021

The concept of almost interiorΓ-hyperideals (A−I−Γ-hyperideals) in orderedΓ-semihypergroups is a generalization of the concept of interiorΓ-hyperideals (I−Γ-hyperideals). In this study, the connections betweenI−Γ-hyperideals andA−I−Γ-hyperideals in orderedΓ-semihypergroups were presented. Also, we define the notion ofm,n-Γ-hyperfilters of orderedΓ-semihypergroups and provide useful results on it. Moreover, we use the weak pseudoorders to construct quotient orderedΓ-semihypergroups by using ordered regular equivalence relations. These concepts lead us to a new research direction in orderedΓ-semihypergroups.
HDL-C/apoA-I Ratio Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sun Lizhe , Guo Manyun , Xu Chenbo , Qiao Xiangrui , Hua Yiming , Tuerhongjiang Gulinigaer , Lou Bowen , Li Ruifeng , Bai Xiaofang , Zhou Juan , Wu Yue , She Jianqing , Yuan Zuyi
Published: May 2021

Background. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the lipid metabolism in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differs from nondiabetic patients. However, the distinct lipid profiles and their relationships with the severity of coronary artery stenosis and prognosis in patients with T2DM remain elusive. Method and Result. This single-center, prospective cohort study enrolled 468 patients diagnosed with ACS undergoing coronary angiography, consisting of 314 non-DM and 154 DM patients. The HDL-C/apoA-I ratio was significantly higher in DM patients with a multivessel (≥3 affected vessels) lesion than a single-vessel (1-2 affected vessels) lesion. Regression analyses showed that the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio was positively correlated to the number of stenotic coronary arteries in DM patients but not non-DM patients. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant difference in the major adverse cardiovascular event rate regarding different HDL-C/apoA-I levels in DM or non-DM ACS patients at the end of the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion. A higher HDL-C/apoA-I ratio is associated with increased severity of coronary artery stenosis in DM patients with ACS but not with the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events at the end of the 2-year follow-up.
Method of Using RealSense Camera to Estimate the Depth Map of Any Monocular Camera
Authors: Tu Li-fen , Peng Qi
Published: May 2021

Robot detection, recognition, positioning, and other applications require not only real-time video image information but also the distance from the target to the camera, that is, depth information. This paper proposes a method to automatically generate any monocular camera depth map based on RealSense camera data. By using this method, any current single-camera detection system can be upgraded online. Without changing the original system, the depth information of the original monocular camera can be obtained simply, and the transition from 2D detection to 3D detection can be realized. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a hardware system was constructed using the Micro-vision RS-A14K-GC8 industrial camera and the Intel RealSense D415 depth camera, and the depth map fitting algorithm proposed in this paper was used to test the system. The results show that, except for a few depth-missing areas, the results of other areas with depth are still good, which can basically describe the distance difference between the target and the camera. In addition, in order to verify the scalability of the method, a new hardware system was constructed with different cameras, and images were collected in a complex farmland environment. The generated depth map was good, which could basically describe the distance difference between the target and the camera.
Positioning of Apple’s Growth Cycle Based on Pattern Recognition
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Yuan Yulin , Hu Shikang , Li Mei , Feng Wenxiu , Zheng Jiaxin
Published: May 2021

The positioning of the apple growth cycle plays a very important role in predicting the development of apples and guiding fruit farmers in agricultural operations. The traditional method of manually positioning the apple growth cycle has problems such as low efficiency and poor accuracy. Pattern recognition provides support for continuous and rapid positioning during the apple growth process. Under the natural conditions of the orchard, due to the large differences in the individual colors of the apples during the growth process and the influence of factors such as light changes, the photographed apple images are more complex, which brings certain difficulties to the segmentation and recognition of the apples. In this paper, pattern recognition is used to automatically identify and extract the growth stages of apples, a hue intensity (HI) color segmentation algorithm based on a Gaussian distribution model based on prior knowledge is studied, and then an active shape model (ASM) is used to identify each period of apple growth based on pattern recognition. After a series of experimental verifications, the ASM-based automatic identification method proposed in this paper is feasible and can identify the various growth periods of apples, thereby serving the mechanized production of apples.
Analysis of the Negative Relationship between Blockchain Application and Corporate Performance
Authors: Li Rensi , Wan Yinglin
Published: May 2021

Blockchain technology is one of the most critical emerging technologies. Countries are promoting the development of blockchain technology vigorously. Theoretically, blockchain technology improves the trust between enterprises, reduces information asymmetry, and promotes efficiency. It should promote corporate performance, but analyzing the actual data of Chinese listed companies, contrary to expectation, blockchain technology makes corporate performance decline. We found that this is mainly due to the effect of adverse selection through analysis and empirical tests. The enterprises that use blockchain technology are not accompanied by the increase in R&D expenditure, investment expenditure, and patents. The companies’ abnormal stock return and stock turnover rate have increased. The enterprises with worse performance are more likely to use blockchain to the hype. They can gain a short-term stock return. However, in the long run, the market-to-book ratio of government subsidies and the growth rate of corporate income are declining. Furthermore, the financial constraints are not alleviated as adverse selection only plays a role in the short term. Besides, the heterogeneity tests find that from the prospects of internal governance environment, the higher proportion of the largest shareholder, the better earning quality of the company. The enterprises with state-owned property rights have lower motivations of using blockchain to make an adverse selection. The study also found that the external environment prospects of enterprises with a lower degree of marketization and law environment are more likely to use the blockchain.
Internet and Mobile Phone Addiction Self-Control Mediate Physical Exercise and Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults Using IoT
Authors: Ding Zhi-Chao , Yan Jun , Fu Jian
Published: May 2021

Independent Internet surfing and persistently addictive smartphone use have become a significant public health problem. This addictive behavior is more prevalent in young people, who can engage in long-term secondary inopportune outgrowths. The main aim of this study is to see whether self-control in Internet usage (SCIU) and mobile phone addiction (MPA) will mediate the relationship between physical fitness and subjective well-being (SWB) in a group of Chinese adults using IoT. 1801 university students completed the proposed standard scale grading assignments. The results of our analysis showed that SCIU directly mediated the relationship between physical exertion and SWB. MPA mediated the interaction between physical exercise and SWB in reverse. The results also showed that the multiple SCIU-MPA serial frameworks between physical exercise and SWB were statistically significant. This result indicates that SCIU and MPA’s relationships may be unique mediators in the relationship between physical exercise and SWB. Understanding the underlying interactions may have therapeutic significance for chronic, neurobiological disorders in young people with MPA. These results may also be used to improve physical intervention programs to improve the well-being of young Chinese people.
Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Uptake Associated Health Risk Assessment of Alternanthera sessilis: A Commonly Consumed Green Leafy Vegetable
Authors: Wijeyaratne W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini , Kumari E. A. Charuni Sewwandi
Published: May 2021

Green leafy vegetables are becoming increasingly popular in the developing countries due to their high nutritious value, common availability, and low cost. However, no studies have assessed the health risks associated with consumption of fresh green leafy vegetables. The present study assessed Cd, Cr, and Pb associated health risks in a commonly consumed green leafy vegetable in developing countries, Alternanthera sessilis. The Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots, leaves, and root zone soil of Alternanthera sessilis harvested from organic and non-organic cultivations were measured. The results indicated that Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis exceeded the WHO/FAO safe limits for human consumption. Further, bioconcentration factor, soil to root, and root to leaf translocation factors indicated a potential of hyperaccumulating Cd in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis. However, the target hazard quotients for Cd, Cr, and Pb were less than 1 indicating negligible health hazard associated with long time consumption of Alternanthera sessilis.
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Immune Infertility Based on the Theory of “Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis”: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bai Yi-ling , Chen Yun-hui , Jiang Cui , Qian Jun-hui , Han Ling-ling , Lu Hai-zhen , Wang Hao-zhong , Sun Yi-rong
Published: May 2021

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy of tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation (TKABC) based on the theory of “kidney deficiency and blood stasis” for the treatment of immune infertility. Methods. Six electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP information database, were searched from inception to January 2021 to identify eligible studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome measurements were the total effective rate and pregnancy rate, and the secondary outcome measurements included the negative conversion rate of serum antibodies and the incidence of adverse effects. The quantitative synthesis was performed using the Review Manager 5.3 software. The chi-square statistic and I2 statistic were employed to investigate statistical heterogeneity. The fixed-effects model was used for a low heterogeneity (I2 < 50%), and the random-effects model was applied if heterogeneity was moderate (50% < I2 < 75%). Funnel plots were used to evaluate potential reporting bias when more than ten eligible studies were included. Results. Thirteen RCTs involving 1298 patients with immune infertility of kidney deficiency and blood stasis were included. Compared with conventional group, TCM TKABC therapy showed a significant improvement on the total effective rate (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.30,1.47; and I2 = 0%), pregnancy rate (RR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.73, 2.40; and I2 = 30%), negative conversion rates of AsAb (RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.12,1.79; and I2 = 62%), AEmAb rates (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04,1.41; and I2 = 0%), and AhCGAb with less adverse effects (RR: 0.24; 95% CI: 1.73, 2.40; and I2 = 55%). However, the negative conversion rate of AoAb and ACAb showed no significant statistical difference. Conclusions. Our review suggests that TCM TKABC therapy based on the theory of kidney deficiency and blood stasis appears to be an effective and safe approach for patients with immune infertility. However, the methodological quality of included RCTs was unsatisfactory, and it is necessary to verify its effectiveness with more well-designed and high-quality multicenter RCTs.
Research on Revenue Insurance Premium Ratemaking of Jujube Based on Copula-Stochastic Optimization Model
Authors: Qi Li-Mei , Yao Ruo-Yu , Zhang Xing-Zhe , Zhang Yu-Jing , Wang Xiao-Yin , Tao Jian-Ping , Zhu Jia-Ming
Published: May 2021

During the process of jujube planting, there are not only natural risks caused by natural disasters but also market risks caused by price factors. In the study, firstly, wavelet analysis method was used to stabilize the jujube yield per unit area and the jujube price from 1997 to 2018 in Aksu region, Xinjiang, China. Secondly, EasyFit software was used to fit the distribution functions of yield per unit area and price, respectively. Thirdly, the optimal Copula function which connects the marginal distribution functions and its joint distribution function was selected with the principle of “the minimum square distance from the empirical Copula function.” Finally, taking the premium rate and the insurance amount as two decision variables, the farmer’s risk minimization as the objective function, around the four constraints of functions and role of insurance, the nonspeculative nature of insurance, the sustainability of insurance, and the moral hazard factors and the farmers’ willing to participate in insurance, the Copula-stochastic optimization model was set up to determine the premium rate of jujube revenue insurance in Aksu region.
Remotely Almost Periodic Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Maulén C. , Castillo S. , Kostić M. , Pinto M.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we analyze the existence and uniqueness of remotely almost periodic solutions for systems of ordinary differential equations. The existence and uniqueness of remotely almost periodic solutions are achieved by using the results about the exponential dichotomy and the Bi-almost remotely almost periodicity of the homogeneous part of the corresponding systems of ordinary differential equations under our consideration.
Analysis of Simple K-Mean and Parallel K-Mean Clustering for Software Products and Organizational Performance Using Education Sector Dataset
Authors: Shang Rui , Ara Balqees , Zada Islam , Nazir Shah , Ullah Zaid , Khan Shafi Ullah
Published: May 2021

Context. Educational Data Mining (EDM) is a new and emerging research area. Data mining techniques are used in the educational field in order to extract useful information on employee or student progress behaviors. Recent increase in the availability of learning data has given importance and momentum to educational data mining to better understand and optimize the learning process and the environments in which it takes place. Objective. Data are the most valuable commodity for any organization. It is very difficult to extract useful information from such a large and massive collection of data. Data mining techniques are used to forecast and evaluate academic performance of students based on their academic record and participation in the forum. Although several studies have been carried out to evaluate the academic performance of students worldwide, there is a lack of appropriate studies to assess factors that can boost the academic performance of students. Methodology. The current study sought to weigh up factors that contribute to improving student academic performance in Pakistan. In this paper, both the simple and parallel clustering techniques are implemented and analyzed to point out their best features. The Parallel K-Mean algorithms overcome the problems of simple algorithm and the outcomes of the parallel algorithms are always the same, which improves the cluster quality, number of iterations, and elapsed time. Results. Both the algorithms are tested and compared with each other for a dataset of 10,000 and 5000 integer data items. The datasets are evaluated 10 times for minimum elapse time-varying K value from 1 to 10. The proposed study is more useful for scientific research data sorting. Scientific research data statistics are more accurate.
Arid5a Promotes Immune Evasion by Augmenting Tryptophan Metabolism and Chemokine Expression
Authors: Parajuli Gyanu , Tekguc Murat , Wing James B. , Hashimoto Ari , Okuzaki Daisuke , Hirata Takeshi , Sasaki Atsushi , Itokazu Takahide , Handa Haruka , Sugino Hirokazu , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Metwally Hozaifa , Kodama Yuzo , Tanaka Shinya , Sabe Hisataka , Yamashita Toshihide , Sakaguchi Shimon , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Hashimoto Shigeru
Published: May 2021

The acquisition of mesenchymal traits leads to immune evasion in various cancers, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that the expression levels of AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a), an RNA-binding protein, were substantially increased in mesenchymal tumor subtypes. The deletion of Arid5a in tumor cell lines enhanced antitumor immunity in immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient mice, suggesting a role for Arid5a in immune evasion. Furthermore, an Arid5a-deficient tumor microenvironment was shown to have robust antitumor immunity, as manifested by suppressed infiltration of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. In addition, infiltrated T cells were more cytotoxic and less exhausted. Mechanistically, Arid5a stabilized Ido1 and Ccl2 mRNAs and augmented their expression, resulting in enhanced tryptophan catabolism and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, our findings demonstrate the role of Arid5a beyond inflammatory diseases and suggest Arid5a as a promising target for the treatment of immunotolerant malignant tumors.

See related Spotlight by Van den Eynde, p. 854.
Podocnemis expansa Turtles Hint to a Unifying Explanation for the Evolution of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Long-Lived and Short-Lived Vertebrates
Authors: Valenzuela Nicole
Published: May 2021

The adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) remains elusive for many long-lived reptiles. Various hypotheses proposed potential ecological drivers of TSD. The Charnov-Bull’77 model remains the most robust and explains the maintenance of TSD in short-lived vertebrates, where sex ratios correlate with seasonal temperatures within years that confer sex-specific fitness (colder springs produce females who grow larger and gain in fecundity, whereas warmer summers produce males who mature at smaller size). Yet, evidence of fitness differentials correlated with incubation temperature is scarce for long-lived taxa. Here, it is proposed that the Charnov-Bull’77 model applies similarly to long-lived taxa, but at a longer temporal scale, by revisiting ecological and genetic data from the long-lived turtle Podocnemis expansa. After ruling out multiple alternatives, it is hypothesized that warmer-drier years overproduce females and correlate with optimal resource availability in the flood plains, benefitting daughters more than sons, whereas resources are scarcer (due to reduced flowering/fruiting) during colder-rainier years that overproduce males, whose fitness is less impacted by slower growth rates. New technical advances and collaborative interdisciplinary efforts are delineated that should facilitate testing this hypothesis directly, illuminating the understanding of TSD evolution in P. expansa and other long-lived TSD reptiles.
Real-World Field Performance of the Los Angeles Motor Scale as a Large Vessel Occlusion Screen: A Prospective Muticentre Study
Authors: Stead Tej G. , Banerjee Paul , Ganti Latha
Published: May 2021

Background: The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a 3-item, 0-to-5-point motor stroke-deficit scale derived from the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen. We assessed the predictive validity (for interventions performed and discharge disposition) of the LAMS performed in the field by paramedics in a geographic region of over 5,200 km2, covering both rural and urban areas. Methods: We analyzed data gathered from Phase I of the LIT-PASS study (Large Vessel Occlusion Identification Through Prehospital Administration of Stroke Scales) which included all patients with suspected acute cerebrovascular disease, as assessed by the Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Terrible Headache/Time to Call 911 (BE-FAST) test. Results: Among 1,906 patients with median age 72 years (interquartile range [IQR] 60–81), 53% were female with a median on-scene time of 15 min (IQR 12–19). C statistics for the interventions of mechanical thrombectomy, alteplase administration, computed tomography angiography, and perfusion imaging were 0.681, 0.643, and 0.680, respectively. The cut point for predicting these 3 interventions was confirmed to be LAMS ≥ 4. LAMS ≥ 4 had sensitivity 0.730 (0.661–0.790) and specificity 0.570 (0.539–0.601) for mechanical intervention (endovascular thrombectomy, coiling, or clipping) and relative risk of 2.98 (2.19–4.07) for in-hospital death. Conclusions: This real-world field study validates the LAMS as an effective tool for prehospital assessment of suspected strokes in determining transport decisions, with predictive validity for interventions performed.
СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АТЕНОЛОЛУ В ТАБЛЕТКАХ
Authors: Maletska O. R. , Vasyuk S. O.
Published: May 2021

Мета роботи. Розробка та валідація методики спектрофотометичного визначення атенололу в  лікарських  препаратах.

Матеріали і методи. У роботі використовували такі реагенти і розчинники: діазоль червоний ЖЖ (НВФ «Синбіас»), таблетки «Атенолол-Астрофарм» 50 мг (ТОВ «Астрофарм», Україна, серія 050417), таблетки «Атенолол-Астрофарм» 100 мг (ТОВ «Астрофарм», Україна, серія 010218), метанол (LAB-SCAN, Ірландія, партія № 5120/13), натрій карбонат (НВФ «Синбіас»), вода дистильована.

Аналітичне обладнання: спектрофотометр «SPECORD-200» (Analytic Jena AG, Німеччина), ваги лабораторні електронні RADWAG XA 210.4Y, баня ультразвукова Sonorex Digitec DT100H, лабораторний посуд класу А.

Дослідження проводили у відділі експериментальних фармацевтичних досліджень наукового медико-лабораторного центру (НМЛЦ) Запорізького державного медичного університету.

Результати й обговорення. Розроблено методику спектрофотометричного визначення кількісного вмісту атенололу за реакцією з діазолем червоним ЖЖ у середовищі вода-метанол. Методами насичення та неперервних змін встановлено стехіометричне співвідношення «атенолол  – діазоль червоний ЖЖ» – 1:1. Проведена валідація розробленої методики за такими критеріями, як лінійність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність. З огляду на отримані дані розроблена методика є коректною та може бути використана у відділах контролю якості хіміко-фармацевтичних підприємств.

Висновки. Розроблено чутливу, економічну, просту у виконанні спектрофотометричну методику кількісного визначення атенололу в складі таблетованих лікарських форм «Атенолол-Астрафарм» 50 мг та «Атенолол-Астрафарм» 100 мг на основі реакції з діазолем червоним ЖЖ, яку було валідовано згідно зі стандартизованою процедурою валідації методом стандарту. Доведено, що за такими валідаційними характеристиками, як лінійність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність розроблена методика валідна та відповідає вимогам ДФУ.
ДИЗАЙН ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ЗІ СТВОРЕННЯ ТАБЛЕТОВАНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: Hroshovyi T. A. , Demchuk M. B. , Pavliuk B. V. , Beley N. M. , Fizer L. V. , Malanchuk N. V.
Published: May 2021

Повідомлення 3. Використання штучних нейронних мереж у дизайні експерименту із розробки складу і технології таблетованих лікарських засобів із модифікованим вивільненням.

Мета роботи. Аналіз і систематизація даних літератури щодо використання методу штучних нейронних мереж при фармако-технологічних дослідженнях таблетованих лікарських засобів із модифікованим вивільненням.

Матеріали і методи. В роботі використано методи інформаційного пошуку, аналізу даних літератури щодо використання штучних нейронних мереж для дизайну експерименту в дослідженнях із розробки складу і технології твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням.

Результати й обговорення. Впровадження дизайну якості в процес фармацевтичної розробки стимулював науковців активно використовувати методи статистичного аналізу в дизайні експерименту. Розвиток методів машинного навчання, зокрема штучних нейронних мереж, дав можливість активно їх застосовувати при розробці складу і технології твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням, у фармакокінетичному і фармакодинамічному моделюванні. Наведено приклади використання статистичних програм на основі штучних нейронних мереж для визначення взаємозв’язку між незалежними змінними та критичними показниками якості отриманих лікарських засобів.

Висновки. Програми штучних нейронних мереж є відмінними інструментами для розробки складу і технології, а також дослідження ЛЗ, які не тільки дають точні результати, але й значно скорочують необхідний для цього час і матеріальні ресурси. Використання статистичних програм на основі штучних нейронних мереж спрощує процес створення твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням, оптимізує дослідження їхньої стабільності і вивільнення діючих речовин.
До 70-ліття від Дня народження професора Ігоря Яковича Дзюбановського
Authors: Avtoriv Kolektyv
Published: May 2021

До 70-ліття від дня народження професора Ігоря Яковича Дзюбановського
A lógica cultural do museu tardo-capitalista
Authors: Krauss Rosalind , Nones Leonardo
Published: May 2021

À luz das modificações sociopolíticas ocorridas na década de 1980, mormente a escalada dos processos de financeirização, este texto discute a participação dos museus e complexos culturais – sua íntima relação com o então recente estatuto da arquitetura pós-moderna, sua abertura aos mercados mundiais e a crescente especialização de suas funções – em uma renovada dinâmica dos processos de comercialização e recepção dos trabalhos de arte e, sobretudo, na reconfiguração do alcance da experiência estética. Detendo-se em exemplos europeus e norte-americanos, a autora analisa o nexo iminente, àquela altura, entre a apropriação institucional das operações do minimalismo e as revisões do campo disciplinar da história da arte para fundamentar a nova "lógica" verificada em consagrados espaços dedicados à arte.
Abstract 003: Neighborhood Characteristics And Arterial Stiffness Among Black Adults - Results From The Jackson Heart Study & Morehouse Emory Center For Health Equity
Authors: Islam Shabatun , Kim Jeong Hwan , Li Xiaona , Ko Yi-An , Baltrus Peter , Mitchell Gary F , Fox Ervin R , Mujahid Mahasin S , Vaccarino Viola , Lewis Tene T , Taylor Herman A , Sims Mario , Quyyumi Arshed A
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Poor quality neighborhoods are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are understudied in Blacks, who face large CVD health disparities. Arterial stiffness (AS) precedes development of hypertension and adverse CVD events but the effect of neighborhood on AS among Blacks remain unknown.

Objective:
We compared the association between neighborhood environment and AS among Blacks in Jackson, MS and Atlanta, GA.

Methods:
We studied 1592 Blacks (age 58 ± 10, 38% male) living in Jackson, MS from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 451 Blacks (age 53 ± 10, 39% male) living in Atlanta, GA from the Morehouse/Emory Center for Health Equity (MECA) study, without known CVD. Neighborhood problems (includes measures of aesthetic quality, walking environment, food access), social cohesion (includes activity with neighbors), and violence/safety were assessed using validated questionnaires. AS was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) using MRI in JHS and as PWV and augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor Inc) in MECA. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and AS, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Improved social characteristics, measured as social cohesion in JHS (β = -0.32 [-0.63, - 0.02], p=0.04) and activity with neighbors (β = -0.23 [-0.40, - 0.05] p=0.01) in MECA, were associated with lower PWV in both cohorts and lower AIx (β = -1.74 [-2.92, - 0.56], p=0.004) in MECA, after adjustment for CVD risk factors and income. Additionally, in MECA better food access (β = -1.18 [-2.35, - 0.01], p=0.05) was associated with lower AIx, and in JHS, lower neighborhood problems (β = -0.33 [-0.64, - 0.02], p=0.04) and lower violence (β = -0.30 [-0.61, 0.002], p=0.05) were associated with lower PWV (Fig).

Conclusion:
Neighborhood social characteristics show an independent association with vascular health of Blacks, findings that were reproducible in two distinct American cities.
Abstract 006: Predictors Of Establishing Outpatient Care Following A Heart Failure Hospitalization In Rural And Urban Dwelling Underserved Populations
Authors: Clarkson Stephen , Brown Todd , Clarkson Erin , Eagleson Reid , White-Williams Connie
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The HRTSA (HeaRt Failure Transitional Services for Adults) clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital serves underinsured individuals with heart failure (HF). We examined the frequency and predictors of rural and urban dwelling individuals establishing care after a HF hospitalization.

Methods:
We included individuals ≥18 years of age referred to the HRTSA clinic after a HF hospitalization from 2016-2019. We used zip code of residence and the Rural-Urban Commuting Area classification system to define urban or rural. Urban zip codes have >30% of workers commuting to Census Bureau defined urbanized areas. We defined establishing care as attending the first clinic visit. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected at the time of referral and compared between groups using chi-square or t-tests as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of establishing care separately in urban and rural dwelling individuals.

Results:
Of 855 individuals referred to the HRTSA clinic after a HF hospitalization, mean age was 50±11 years, 15% were rural dwelling, 59% were African American (AA), and 32% were female. Rural dwelling individuals were less likely to establish care than their urban counterparts, although not statistically significant (71% vs. 77%; p=0.16). In rural dwelling individuals, AAs (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.31), those with diabetes (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.81), and current alcohol users (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.83) had lower odds of establishing care; whereas in urban dwelling individuals, AAs (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.65-4.59) and those with no insurance (OR 6.22, 95% CI 3.55-10.90) had higher odds of establishing care after multivariable adjustment (Table).

Conclusions:
We identified a significant disparity in AAs. Rural dwelling AAs with HF had lower odds of establishing care after a HF hospitalization, whereas urban dwelling AAs with HF had higher odds. Efforts to reduce this disparity are warranted to improve HF care in rural dwelling AAs.
Abstract 007: Rural Southwest County Jail May Not Meet Recommendations For A Heart-healthy Diet During Pregnancy; A Descriptive Study
Authors: Spilkin Ary , Lopez Nanette , Camplain Ricky
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Pregnancy aged women are the fastest growing incarcerated population in the US. These women have little to no autonomy while incarcerated, including their nutritional intake. Inadequate macro and micronutrients during pregnancy can increase a mother’s risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and coronary heart disease. However, it is unknown whether jails in the US provide adequate amounts of macro and micronutrients essential for pregnancy specific heart health while individuals are incarcerated.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that provisions from a rural Southwest county jail’s 7 day cycle menu, a weekly repeating menu of three meals a day, will not meet pregnancy specific heart healthy diet recommendations. Specifically, provisions of the menu will exceed recommendations of sodium, saturated fat, omega 6 fatty acid, and added sugars, and fail to meet recommendations of whole grains.

Methods:
The 7 day cycle menu was manually inputted into NutritionCalc Plus and ASA24, dietary assessment tools used to measure macro and micronutrient quantities of inputted food items. Average weekly sodium (mg), saturated fat (g), omega 6 (g), added sugar (g), and whole grain (% in comparison to refined grains) provisions were determined by summing total provisions over the 3 meals per day for 7 days and diving by 7. Excess or deficiency of macro and micronutrient provisions in the menu were estimated by determining as the proportions of macro and micronutrient provisions compared to heart healthy recommendations.

Results:
Average daily provisions of the 7 day menu were 3,847mg sodium, 26g saturated fat, 15g omega 6, and 12g of added sugar. These provisions translate into 167% of sodium (3,847 of 2,300), 200% saturated fat (26 of 13), 125% omega 6 (15 of 12), and 50% added sugar (12 of 24) guidelines of the heart healthy recommendations for pregnancy. Compared to whole grain recommendations of at least half of grain servings per day as whole, the provisions from the menu were 23% (1.75 of 7.70).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, although added sugar provisions from a rural Southwest county jail’s 7 day cycle menu were appropriate for a pregnancy specific heart healthy diet, provisions of sodium, saturated fat, and omega 6 exceeded guidelines, with a deficiency in whole grains. County jails should consider providing meals that limit sodium, saturated fat, and omega 6 and emphasize whole grains to ensure pregnant women in jail meet heart healthy recommendations to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. This research warrants larger epidemiological studies and cardiovascular health outcomes among pregnant women in jail.
Abstract 008: Machine Learning For Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction: The Artherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study
Authors: Yu Zhi , Wongvibulsin Shannon , Zhou Linda , Matsushita Kunihiro , Natarajan Pradeep , Coresh Josef , Zeger Scott L
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in the US and has significant public health impact. However, effective risk stratification for SCD remains lacking as current prediction models do not address the dynamic impact of time-varying risk factors including interim clinical events on SCD risk.

Hypothesis:
A recently developed machine learning approach that uses time-dependent variables and incorporate complex interactions between risk factors, Random Forest for Survival, Longitudinal, and Multivariate Data (RF-SLAM), will be able to improve SCD risk prediction.

Methods:
ARIC study participants were followed for adjudicated SCD. RF-SLAM partitions the information for each individual into multiple units (analogous to risk sets) and uses Poisson regression log-likelihood as the split statistic thus allowing for modeling time-varying variables. It was compared to a Poisson regression model with stepwise selection to predict SCD. Time-varying variables collected at four visits were used as candidate predictors for both prediction models, including demographics and clinical characteristics, anthropometric variables, lifestyle factors, cardiac risk factors, medication, laboratory values and biomarkers, electrophysiologic variables, and other cardiac functional indices. Predictive accuracy was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) through out-of-bag prediction for RF-SLAM model and 10-fold cross validation for Poisson regression model.

Results:
Over 25 years follow-up, 590 SCD events occurred among 15792 ARIC participants mean age 54 years (55% women). Compared to Poisson regression (cross-validated mean AUC 0.75), RF-SLAM model improved prediction (mean AUC 0.83). RF-SLAM model identified prior coronary heart disease (CHD) as the top predictor for SCD. Other predictors selected by RF-SLAM included clinical characteristics (diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, prior stroke, and prior heart failure), electrophysiologic variables (T wave abnormality in any of leads I, aVL, and V6, and ST junction & segment depression in any of leads I, aVL, or V6), medication (anti-hypertensive medications and anti-diabetic medications), biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine), subclinical atherosclerotic indices (carotid intima-media thickness), as well as race, sex and visit. Using the 17 predictors selected by RF-SLAM model to fit a Poisson regression model, a generalized linear model, resulted in a mean AUC of 0.73, suggesting that the interactions captured by random forest improve prediction performance.

Conclusions:
Applying a novel machine-learning approach with time-varying predictors improves the prediction of SCD. Clinical characteristics, especially prior CHD, are important for predicting SCD in the general population.
Abstract 009: Incremental Predictive Utility Of Subclinical Disease Measures For Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Song Rebecca J , Ramachandran Vasan S , Xanthakis Vanessa
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has been widely used to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, a comparison of the incremental prognostic utility of different subclinical disease (SubDz) measures is not clear.

Methods:
We evaluated participants aged 40-79 years (mean age 55 years, 56% women) from the Framingham Offspring (Exam 8, 2005-2008) and Third Generation cohorts (Exam 1, 2002-2005), free of CVD and diabetes, with data on coronary artery calcium (CAC, n=2497), and two measures of target organ damage: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, n=4011) and left ventricular mass (LVM, n=3770). We categorized FRS: <10%, 10-19%, and ≥20% and defined high CAC as CAC≥100, microalbuminuria (MA) as UACR ≥25mg/g in men and ≥35mg/g in women, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as LVM/body surface area>115 g/m
2
(men) and >95g/m
2
(women). We created 6 cross-classified groups: FRS <10%-No SubDz; FRS <10% + SubDz; FRS 10-19%-No SubDz; FRS 10-19% + SubDz; FRS ≥20%-No SubDz; and FRS ≥20% + SubDz. We related the groups to CVD risk using Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, and cohort and plotted Kaplan-Meier curves to display CVD cumulative incidence by each SubDz cross-classified group.

Results:
Over a median follow-up of 12 years, 7% of participants developed CVD. Comparing FRS 10-19%-No SubDz and FRS 10-19% + SubDz to FRS <10%-No SubDz (referent), we observed hazards ratios (95% CI) for CVD of 1.68 (0.99-2.83) and 6.50 (3.64-11.61) for high CAC; 1.33 (0.95-1.85) and 2.15 (1.10-4.18) for MA; and 1.43 (0.99-2.07) and 2.18 (1.33-3.57) for LVH. Each SubDz measure predicted CVD risk incrementally over the FRS. In a sub-sample with all three SubDz measures, the model c-statistic with FRS only was 0.725, increasing to 0.773, 0.726, and 0.728 when adding CAC, MA, and LVH, respectively.

Conclusion:
Presence of a high CAC score outperformed other measures of target organ damage (MA or LVH) for predicting CVD risk, regardless of FRS. Additional studies of larger multi-ethnic samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
Abstract 010: Application Of A Lifestyle-based Score To Predict Cardiovascular Risk In African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Zhao Songzhu , Kline David , Brock Guy , Gooding Holly , Mattei Josiemer , Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando , Min Yuan I , Rimm Eric B , Tucker Katherine L , Joseph Joshua J
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) primordial prevention tools applicable to diverse populations are scarce.

Hypothesis:
We assessed the hypothesis that the Healthy Heart Score, a lifestyle-based tool to estimate CVD risk, will perform well in estimating CVD risk in an African American population.

Methods:
The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a prospective cohort, community-based study in Jackson, Mississippi that recruited participants between September 2000 and March 2004 (baseline), with a mean follow up of 12 years. A total of 5306 African American were recruited, 3041 individuals free of CVD at baseline were included for the current analysis. CVD incidence was defined as the first occurrence of fatal/non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). The Healthy Heart Score is a lifestyle-based CVD risk prediction model based on 9 components: body mass index (BMI), physical activity, cereal fiber, fruit and vegetables, red and processed meat, nuts, sugar and sweetened beverages and alcohol intake. Gender-specific beta coefficients from its derivation cohorts were used to assess the performance of the Healthy Heart Score. Model discrimination was assessed using Harrell′s C-Index for survival data and time dependent Area Under the Curve (AUC). Model calibration was evaluated through calibration plots.

Results:
A total of 189 CVD events occurred (111 in women and 78 in men, average age at baseline 53.1 (12.7) years). The Healthy Heart Score showed high-moderate discrimination for CVD events (C-statistic 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71-0.78)) but with little improvement over the age-only model. The time dependent AUC analysis showed similar results for CVD events and improved performance in the first year with the complete model (age only: AUC 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.88) vs. Healthy Heart Score 0.78 (95% CI 0.68-0.89)). Both the age-only and Healthy Heart Score models had better performance in participants without diabetes at baseline. The Healthy Heart Score model showed good calibration.

Conclusions and Relevance
. In African Americans with a high prevalence of clinical CVD risk factors, the Hearty Heart Score does not improve prediction of mid-life CVD events beyond what is obtained by age alone.
Abstract 016: Association Of Fat Mass, Lean Mass, And Waist Circumference With Risk Of Heart Failure Among Community Dwelling Adults
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Segar Matthew W , Neeland Ian J , Patel Kershaw
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Higher body mass index and obesity are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and heart failure (HF) development. However, the contribution of measures of body composition such as fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and central adiposity (waist circumference, WC) towards the risk of HF, and if these relationships are modified by diabetes status (DM) is unknown.

Methods:
Adults from visit 5 of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study without prevalent HF were included. FM and LM were measured using bioelectric impedance. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were created to evaluate the associations of FM, LM, and WC with the risk of HF after adjustment for potential confounders (
see Fig legend
). Multiplicative interaction testing and stratified analysis by DM status were performed using adjusted Cox models and restricted cubic splines to evaluate whether the association of body composition parameters and risk of HF were modified by DM status.

Results:
The present study included 5,555 participants (58.3% women, 79.3% white). Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, there were 254 HF events (4.6%). In the overall cohort, higher LM was significantly associated with higher risk of HF (aHR [95% CI] per 1 SD higher LM: 1.34 [1.13-1.60]) with no interaction by DM status. However, the associations of FM and WC with risk of HF were modified by DM status (p-interaction: FM*diabetes = 0.03, WC*diabetes = 0.008). Higher FM and WC were each significantly associated with higher risk of HF in adults with DM (aHR [95% CI] per 1-SD higher FM: 1.23 [1.01-1.49], per 1SD higher WC: 1.57 [1.31 - 1.89]) but not among those without DM at baseline (aHR [95% CI] FM: 0.99 [0.80 - 1.23], WC: 1.06 [0.87 - 1.30]) (
Figure
).

Conclusions:
Higher LM was significantly associated with a higher risk of HF irrespective of diabetes status. In contrast, the association of FM and WC with the risk of HF was modified by the presence of DM such that higher FM and WC were associated with a higher risk of HF among adults with DM but not those without DM.