bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMOS position detectors for peak location
Authors: Turner Richard M. , Johnson Kristina M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the design and operation of application specific photodetectors (ASPD’s) for correlation plane processing is presented. In addition to image processing and optical measurement technologies, recent advances in spatial light modulator technology have furthered the need for detectors that perform functions beyond detection of an intensity value.
Numerical modeling of soliton dragging logic gates
Authors: Wai P. K. A. , Chen C.-J. , Menyuk C. R.
Published: February 2023

The soliton-dragging logic gate is built upon the soliton dragging effect which occurs when pulses in opposite polarization states of a birefringent optical fiber collide.
Effect of forward scattering on visible and IR transmission through the atmosphere
Authors: Hutt D. L.
Published: February 2023

Forward scattering by particles along a transmissometer path can increase the measured transmittance. The contribution of forward scattering is determined by the scattering phase function of the particles, their concentration and the optical characteristics of the transmissometer. We present simultaneous measurements of visible and infrared transmittance through fog, rain and snow made with transmissometers of different geometry along a 538 m path. The transmissometers operated over nearly identical paths to ensure that the simultaneous measurements represented the same aerosols. The width of the forward scattering peak of hydrometers is on the order of milliradians at visible and IR wavelengths which is of the same order as the field of view (FOV) of typical transmissometer receivers. The receiver can therefore accept a substantial amount of scattered light, increasing the measured transmittance. The result is that the extinction coefficient derived from the transmissometer measurements using the Beer–Lambert law is less than the “true” or single scattering extinction coefficient. Converting the measured transmittances to extinction we find a linear relation between the simultaneously measured extinction values. The linear relationship supports a simple model for the forward scattering effect which is based on the transmissometer characteristics and the phase function of the scatterers.
Coherent optical-scene generator
Authors: Abushagur Mustafa A. G. , Almanasreh Ahmed , He Zhijian
Published: February 2023

Generating optical scenes of moving objects for simulating purposes has a wide range of applications.
Observations of the limitations of vector error diffusion
Authors: Easton Roger L. , Venable Dennis
Published: February 2023

Error diffusion is best known as a method for representing continuous-tone images on quantized output devices.
Modern optical inspection using active optical devices
Authors: Tam Eddy C.
Published: February 2023

With the rapid advances of large space-bandwidth product light modulators and high resolution CCD cameras, new optical inspection techniques can be introduced. In this paper, we first present a back-projection system that can detect the change in an object in real-time. A grid is first projected onto a test object.
Theory of electron-electron-correlation effects in a 1-D two-electron system
Authors: Grobe R.
Published: February 2023

We present a two-electron quantum model for strong-field laser-atom studies. In this model all the essential interactions (electron-nucleus, electron-laser and especially electron-electron) are fully taken into account.
Analysis of multiple stress-induced birefringence and phase retardation in a single-mode, step-index fiber-optic sensor
Authors: Shultis Scott , Chatterjee Monish R.
Published: February 2023

Optical fibers are finding increasing use in a variety of sensor applications, from measurement of temperature to small displacements.
Photomixing of achromatically-frequency-modulated incoherent light
Authors: George Nicholas , Radie Stojan
Published: February 2023

The important early experiments of Forrester, Gudmundsen, and Johnson (1955) showed that beats at microwave frequencies can be obtained by photomixing the separated Zeeman lines of a Hg202 source.
Aero-optics (Theory)
Authors: Gilbert Keith
Published: February 2023

The local flow field of an airborne platform can render significant degradations to both active and passive onboard optical systems.
High-intensity-laser interactions with solids and gases
Authors: Falcone R. W. , Donnelly T. , Glover T. E. , Gordon S. P. , Hamster H. , Sullivan A.
Published: February 2023

Modified propagation of intense laser pulses is expected in a plasma.
Codes and bursts of ultrafast pulses
Authors: Narayan Vishwa , Henson Steven R. , MacFarlane Duncan L.
Published: February 2023

The optical rattler is a multiple mirror delay line structure that has been used for mode-locked laser pulse train frequency multiplication and THz pulse burst generation.
Metal-clad dielectric planar and strip waveguides for hydrogen detection
Authors: Guenther Karl H. , Kimble Thomas C. , Raneru Shankar , Linkous Clovis , Zidan Ragaiy
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen used as a propellant for spacecraft and as an alternate fuel for automotive use is potentially dangerous when leaking from storage tanks, fuel cells, supply lines, valves, or engines. Thus, small, rugged sensors are needed that can be distributed in multitudes at critical locations of a hydrogen based combustion or rocket engine. Such sensors ought to be easily connected with a central monitor. Planar and strip optical waveguides with fiber optic links meet these requirements in principle. We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of detecting hydrogen by its interaction with a metal cladding on a dielectric waveguide. Planar dielectric waveguides of various oxides deposited by using a reactive low voltage ion plating process, and of spin coated polyimide on thermally oxidized silicon wafers as substrates were used, with a thin top layer of palladium as the hydrogen sensitive cladding. We used prism couplers for initial experiments to determine the sensitivity of the palladium cladding with respect to the change of its optical constants upon exposure to various concentrations of hydrogen in air. Grating couplers and integrated optical Mach–Zehnder interferometer configurations were studied for suitability in practical sensor applications.
User-friendly paraxial matrices for ray optics
Authors: Goodman Douglas S.
Published: February 2023

The two-by-two matrices used for paraxial ray optics are commonly represented with elements A, B, C, D. However, each element has a physical significance and can be represented with more appropriate symbols, making the matrices and computations involving them more physically meaningful. One element is always the negative of the systems power ϕ. Another elements is associated with the front of the system, and can be labelled F. This element equals.
Quantum theory of two-mode lasing without inversion with injected atomic coherence
Authors: Bergou Janos , Bogar Pal , Hillery Mark
Published: February 2023

We present the quantum theory of a two-mode Lambda-type three level quantum-beat laser with injected atomic coherences. The lower two levels are coupled by an external classical field. The master equation and the Fokker–Planck equation are derived. Phases of the two modes are locked to a value depending on the phase of the external field, the phase of the injected coherence and the population of the lower two levels. Lasing without inversion and without threshold is found for both modes with and without injected coherences. Applying the appropriate initial atomic coherences one can switch intensities between the two modes, as well as bifurcation and multiple branching can be found when coherences among all levels are present. It is also possible to find phase bistability at a fixed intensity for one of the two modes, when high pump is applied. Strong intensity and phase noise reduction can be found in one of the modes at the expense of increased noises in the other one. Near Poissonian noise can be achieved. This research was supported by a grant of the Office of Naval Research.
All-reflective, zoom slit camera for constant-magnification imaging
Authors: Tatian Berge
Published: February 2023

Optical sensors for EO cameras used for high altitude imaging, typically are slit field optical configurations in order to make use of existing line array detectors. Two common approaches to obtaining area coverage with a line array are pushbroom, and panning configurations. In either case it is desirable to alter the line of sight of the sensor from nadir to obliquities reaching 60° from nadir. This increases the distance between the ground object and the camera and results in a change in magnification. This change in magnification is observed as a variation in ground sample distance (GSD) and line rate. Since the sensor can only be optimized for one set of conditions, the efficiency of operation varies with pointing angle.
How to measure surface form and transmitted wavefront
Authors: Selberg Lars
Published: February 2023

Optical components are toleranced for their surface form and/or optical wavefront deformation effects. This type of specification is verfied through interometric measurment. Typical specifications are discussed and then related to the measurement instrumentation and procedures used to verify the component performace, including actual use of interferometers.
Second-order optical nonlinearities of hemicyanine dye derivatives in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Ma Shihong , Liu Liying
Published: February 2023

Four hemicyanine dye derivatives have been synthesized, in which two of them were reported for the first time.
Spectral sensitivities of human cones
Authors: Stockman Andrew , MacLeod Donald I. A.
Published: February 2023

Starting with our own cone spectral sensitivity measurements in normal and dichromatic observers and using tritanopic color matching data and Stiles’ pi-3, we derive a new set of human cone spectral sensitivities based on the Stiles & Burch 2-deg color matching functions (CMFs).
Temperature effects on the optical properties of tissue
Authors: Jaywant S. M. , Wilson B.C. , Lilge L. , Flotte T. , Woolsey J. , McCulloch C.
Published: February 2023

The study of light propagation in tissue is central to many medical applications of lasers.
Optical monitoring of tissue changes during interstitial laser hyperthermia
Authors: Chin Margaret P. , Schafer Steven A.
Published: February 2023

Interstitial laser hyperthermia is a recent development in the treatment of cancer tumors.
Pulse propagation in a medium of three-level atoms
Authors: Doss Heide M.
Published: February 2023

We consider the propagation of two coherent, copropagating pulses injected into a homogeneously broadened medium of arbitrary length.
Understanding diffractive optical design in the scalar domain
Authors: Mait Joseph N. , Wyrowski Frank
Published: February 2023

Although the development of technologies for the fabrication of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is critical, as interest in DOEs increases it is important not to overlook the issue of their design.
Relationships between two transforms: Radon-Wigner and fractional Fourier
Authors: Lohmann Adolf W. , Soffer Bernard H.
Published: February 2023

The Wigner distribution function W is a 2D function which represents a temporal signal u(t) simultaneously in time and in frequency.
Psychophysical investigation of visual shortterm memory
Authors: Greenlee Mark W. , Magnussen Svein , Cornelissen Frans W.
Published: February 2023

We describe two experiments that explored visual short-term memory (VSTM).
Categorical nature of color memory
Authors: Uchikawa Keiji
Published: February 2023

It is well known that we can precisely discriminate small color-appearance differences when colors are compared in juxtaposed fields.
Propagation of phase-conjugate fields through dynamically scattering media
Authors: Dunning G. J. , Minden M. L. , Pepper D. M. , Oh C. , Andrews K. , Fry E.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate reduced scatter and enhanced transmission using a phase-conjugate mirror for a wave back-propagating through moving scatterers.
Low-reflection interference coatings with arbitrary transmittance
Authors: Li Li , Dobrowski J. A. , Sullivan Brian T.
Published: February 2023

Neutral density filters based on absorption in thin films are very useful for attenuating the incident radiation over wide spectral regions.
Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in annealed, proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides
Authors: Field S. J. , Bortz M. L. , Fejer M. M. , Nam D. , Waarts R. , Welch D.
Published: February 2023

Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) second-harmonic generation of IR laser diodes in annealed, proton-exchanged (APE) LiNbO3 waveguides is an attractive method for generating mW levels of blue light.
Intense-field resonance fluorescence in a cavity: a dressed-atom laser
Authors: Quang Tran , Freedhoff Helen
Published: February 2023

An atom driven by an intense external field is placed in a cavity resonant with a Mollow sideband of the dressed atom.
Measuring all ten second order moments of a general astigmatic light beam using a rotating anamorphic optical system
Authors: Nemes George , Siegman A. E.
Published: February 2023

The propagation properties and beam quality factors for any general astigmatic, multimode, partially coherent laser beam can be fully characterized in second order by a real, symmetric, positive definite matrix having at most ten independent parameters. Orthogonal (simple astigmatic) or rotationally symmetric (stigmatic) beams have seven or three independent parameters, respectively. A method is proposed for determining all ten beam parameters by measuring only the second-order moments of the beam intensity distribution in a single transversal plane after the beam is passed through a simple rotating optical system. Several particularly simple systems involving only one or two rotating cylindrical lenses and a single CCD camera are proposed and their properties are discussed. This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
Optimum lead time of luminance cue for facilitating stereoscopic perception time
Authors: Shioiri Satoshi , Koshige Tadashi , Kubo Souichi
Published: February 2023

We investigated the effect of preceding luminance depth cues on stereopsis perception time. The stimulus was a random-dot stereogram which contained two horizontal bands defined by binocular disparity: the dots inside of one of the bands had crossed disparity (the band was closer than the background) and those inside of the other were uncorrelated. The dots in the disparity bands were lighter than those in the background so that the both bands appeared to be closer by monocular observation. Observer’s task was to report which band appeared to be closer. The method of constant stimuli was used to determine the stereopsis perception time as the stimulus presentation duration which gave 75 (varied between 0 and 1000 msec). The results show that the perception time is the shortest when the luminance cue lead time is about 200 msec. Since little effect of the lead time was found when dots inside of the disparity bars were darker than those in background, it is suggested that the optimum lead time of luminance cue is a reflection of the dynamic interaction between monocular and binocular depth cues rather than that of attention.
Minimum-complexity free-space optical non-blocking switching architectures with broadcast capability
Authors: Li Yao , Sharony Jacob
Published: February 2023

It has been shown that at least N2 basic space switches have to be used to support nonblocking interconnects between N nodes in an environment where both the point-to-point and multicasting communications are required. The objective of this research is to explore the possibility of using optical parallelism to reduce such a switching complexity bound. Recently, we have shown that a k-dimensionally multiplexed switching network could ultimately reduce such a bound to O(N1+1/k) [1], For k=4, we intend to use space, spatial-frequency, time, and temporal-frequency dimensions, and multiplex them one on top of the other to achieve the interconnect goal. In the talk, a basic theory underlining the reduced-complexity networking principles will be briefly reviewed. A free-space and compact k=2 (space and spatial-frequency multiplexed) interconnect architecture with a complexity of O(N3/2) is then described. It will be shown that the implementation of the architecture only requires space-invariant optical components. To extend the network capacity from k=2 to k=4, as long as the system’s space/spatial-bandwidth product and time/temporal-bandwidth product permit, the wavelength multiplexed and time-multiplexed channels can simply be added to the previously described k=2 system. It will be shown that only O(N5/4) basic switches are used in this network to achieve the non-blocking communication goal of performing the multicasting operation. An added advantage is that the architecture relaxes the switching complexity at each dimension, e.g. a network of N=10,000 only requires to use 10 spatial pixels, with 10 multiplexed angles at each pixel, with 10 wavelengths per angle, and with 10 timeslots per each wavelength. The proposed concept is experimentally verified using a cascade of two multichannel acousto-optic Bragg’s cells.
Photonics-aided 335 GHz PS-64QAM wireless transmission over 200 m employing complex-valued NN classification and random sampling techniques
Authors: Xie Tangyao , Yu Jianguo , Zhou Wen
Published: February 2023

THz fiber-wireless technique can overcome the bandwidth bottleneck of electrical devices and has been popularized in different application scenarios. Furthermore, the probabilistic shaping (PS) technique can optimize both the transmission capacity and the distance, and has been extensively used in the optical fiber communication field. However, the probability of the point in the PS m-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation (m-QAM) constellation varies with the amplitude, which leads to the class imbalance and degrades the performances of all supervised neural network classification algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel complex-valued neural network (CVNN) classifier coupled with balanced random oversampling (ROS), which can be trained to restore the phase information simultaneously and overcome the class imbalance caused by PS. Based on this scheme, the fusion of oversampled features in complex domain increases the amount of the effective information of few classes, and thus improves the recognition accuracy effectively. It also has less requirement on the sample size than NN-based classifiers and largely simplifies the neural network architecture. By using our proposed ROS-CVNN classification method, single-lane 10 Gbaud 335 GHz PS-64QAM fiber-wireless transmission over 200 m free-space distance is experimentally realized, and the experimental results show that the efficient data rate is 44 Gbit/s considering the soft-decision forward-error-correction (SD-FEC) with 25% overhead. The results show that ROS-CVNN classifier outperforms the other real-valued NN equalizers and traditional Volterra-series by average 0.5 to 1 dB in receiver sensitivity at the bit error rate (BER) of 6 × 10−2 magnitude. Therefore, we believe that the combination of ROS and NN supervised algorithms has an application prospect for the future 6 G mobile communication.
Strong, anisotropic, layer-independent second harmonic generation in multilayer SnS film
Authors: Xie Ying , Yu Hao , Wei Jiahui , He Qianming , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: February 2023

Materials based on group IV chalcogenides exhibit extensive technologically important properties. Its unusual chemical bonding and off-centering of in-layer sublattices could cause chemical polarity and weakly broken symmetry, making optical field controlling feasible. Here, we fabricated large-area SnS multilayer films and observed unexpected strong SHG response at 1030 nm. The appreciable SHG intensities were obtained with an independence on layer, which is opposite to the generation principle of overall nonzero dipole moment only in odd-layer material. Taking GaAs for reference, the second-order susceptibility was estimated to be 7.25 pm/V enhanced by mixed-chemical bonding polarity. Further polarization-dependent SHG intensity confirmed the crystalline orientation of SnS films. The results imply surface inversion symmetry broken and nonzero polarization field modified by metavalent bonding should be the origin of SHG responses. Our observations establish multilayer SnS as a promising nonlinear material, and will guide in design of IV chalcogenides with improved optics and photonics properties for the potential applications.
Full-duplex underwater wireless blue light communication
Authors: Qi Ziqian , Wang Linning , Liu Pengzhan , Bai Mingming , Yu Gao , Wang Yongjin
Published: February 2023

Owing to its relatively low absorption loss and high data transmission rate, wireless blue light communication is becoming an increasingly attractive technology for underwater applications. Here, we demonstrate an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system that communicates using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a dominant wavelength of 455 nm. Under the on-off keying modulation scheme, the waterproof UOWC system achieves a bidirectional communication rate of 4 Mbps based on the transmission control protocol (TCP) and exhibits real-time full-duplex video communication with a transmission distance of 12 m in a swimming pool, offering great potential for practical use in real-world scenarios, such as carried around or attached to an autonomous vehicle.
Plasmonic wavelength-dependent optical switch
Authors: Kilbane Deirdre , Prinz Eva , Eul Tobias , Hartelt Michael , Mahro Anna-Katharina , Hensen Matthias , Pfeiffer Walter , Aeschlimann Martin
Published: February 2023

We design and experimentally demonstrate an optical switch based on the interference of plasmonic modes in whispering gallery mode (WGM) antennas. Simultaneous excitation of even and odd WGM modes, enabled by a small symmetry breaking via non-normal illumination, allows switching the plasmonic near field between opposite sides of the antenna, depending on the excitation wavelength used in a wavelength range of 60 nm centered around 790 nm. This proposed switching mechanism is experimentally demonstrated by combining photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) with a tunable wavelength femtosecond laser source in the visible and infrared.
Competition mechanism of exciton decay channels in the stacked multilayer tungsten sulfide
Authors: Yu Ying , Fan Xiaopeng , Liu Shaoding , Yao Linhua
Published: February 2023

The competition mechanism of exciton decay channels in the multilayer TMDs remains poorly understood. Here, the exciton dynamics in the stacked WS2 was studied. The exciton decay processes are divided into the fast and slow decay processes, which are dominated by the exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) and defect-assisted recombination (DAR), respectively. The lifetime of EEA is on the order of hundreds of femtoseconds (400∼1100 fs). It is decreased initially, followed by an increase with adding layer thickness, which can be attributed to the competition between phonon-assisted effect and defect effect. The lifetime of DAR is on the timescale of hundreds of picoseconds (200∼800 ps), which is determined by the defect density especially in a high injected carrier density.
2 µm cylindrical vector beam generation from a c-cut Tm:CaYAlO4 crystal resonator
Authors: Liu Yangyu , Li Luyao , Song Xiaozhao , Zhou Wei , Zhu Qiang , Liu Guangmiao , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Haotian , Cao Xue , Wang Yishan , Jia Baohua , Shen Deyuan
Published: February 2023

Different from the traditional ideal column symmetry cavities, we directly generated the cylindrical vector pulsed beams in the folded six-mirror cavity by employing a c-cut Tm:CaYAlO4 (Tm:CYA) crystal and SESAM. By adjusting the distance between the curved cavity mirror (M4) and the SESAM, both the radially polarized beam and azimuthally polarized beam are generated around 1962 nm and the two vectorial modes can be freely switched in the resonator. Further increased the pump power to 7 W, the stable radially polarized Q-switched mode-locked (QML) cylindrical vector beams were also obtained with an output power of 55 mW, the sub-pulse repetition rate of 120.42 MHz, pulse duration of ∼0.5 ns and the beam quality factor M2 of ∼2.9. To our knowledge, this is the first report of radially and azimuthally polarized beams in the 2 µm wavelength solid-state resonator.
Ultrashort laser pulses with chromatic astigmatism
Authors: Jolly Spencer W.
Published: February 2023

Ultrashort laser pulses are described as having chromatic astigmatism, where the astigmatic phase varies linearly with the offset from the central frequency. Such a spatio-temporal coupling not only induces interesting space-frequency and space-time effects, but it removes cylindrical symmetry. We analyze the quantitative effects on the spatio-temporal pulse structure on the collimated beam and as it propagates through a focus, with both the fundamental Gaussian beam and Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Chromatic astigmatism is a new type of spatio-temporal coupling towards arbitrary higher complexity beams that still have a simple description, and may be applied to imaging, metrology, or ultrafast light-matter interaction.
Role of low Gd concentrations in the maximum pulse duration for thermally induced switching
Authors: Liu Donglin , Li Hai , Jiang Caijian , Tan Suiyan , Xu Chudong
Published: February 2023

Thermally induced magnetization switching (TIMS) relying solely on a single laser without any applied magnetic field is a key research direction of current spintronics. Most studies on TIMS so far have focused on GdFeCo with Gd concentration above 20%. In this work, we observe the TIMS at low Gd concentration excited by picosecond laser through atomic spin simulations. The results show that the maximum pulse duration for switching can be increased by an appropriate pulse fluence at the intrinsic damping in low Gd concentrations. At the appropriate pulse fluence, TIMS with pulse duration longer than one picosecond is possible for Gd concentration of only 12%. Our simulation results provide new insights for the exploration of the physical mechanism of ultrafast TIMS.
Performance analysis of an SDM-WDM multicore optical fiber link
Authors: Prasad Majumder Satya , Hossain Afzal
Published: February 2023

Analytical evaluation of inter-channel and inter-core coupling induced crosstalk including Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise in a single mode 7-core homogeneous multi-core optical fiber (MCF) based Space Division Multiplexed Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SDM-WDM) communication system with distributed Raman amplifier is presented. The Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) induced crosstalk impairment including ASE noise and inter-core and inter-channel coupling induced crosstalk at the output of any core with excitation into other core of the MCF is investigated. Signal to Crosstalk plus Noise Ratio (SCNR) is determined at the output of photo detector of the excited core. Finally, Bit Error Rate (BER) performance results are evaluated for different system parameters, viz. WDM channel number, channel spacing, propagation distance, pump power etc. It is noticed that BER deteriorates with SRS induced crosstalk and ASE noise, which is worsened further by the effect of inter-core crosstalk (IC-XT). The maximum acceptable propagation distance for a desired value of BER and other system parameters considering inter-channel crosstalk (Ich-XT), IC-XT including SRS induced crosstalk and ASE noise is also evaluated analytically. For example, to maintain a particular BER (10E-9, say) we need to increase the input signal power from 2.5dBm to 5.5dBm while increasing the WDM channels from 12 to 16 considering only the SRS and ASE noise. On the other hand, we need to increase the input signal power from 5.5dBm to 9.0dBm to increase the WDM channels from 12 to 16 when the IC-XT is added up with the SRS and ASE noise. The maximum allowable pump power considering the collective impact of Ich-XT and IC-XT including SRS and ASE noise is determined for a given value of BER (10E-9). Power penalty versus WDM channel spacing at a given BER value (10E-10), link distance and pump power at different WDM channels is also evaluated and presented.
Artificial intelligence model for analyzing colonic endoscopy images to detect changes associated with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tabata Kazuhisa , Mihara Hiroshi , Nanjo Sohachi , Motoo Iori , Ando Takayuki , Teramoto Akira , Fujinami Haruka , Yasuda Ichiro
Published: February 2023

IBS is not considered to be an organic disease and usually shows no abnormality on lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, although biofilm formation, dysbiosis, and histological microinflammation have recently been reported in patients with IBS. In this study, we investigated whether an artificial intelligence (AI) colorectal image model can identify minute endoscopic changes, which cannot typically be detected by human investigators, that are associated with IBS. Study subjects were identified based on electronic medical records and categorized as IBS (Group I; n = 11), IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C; Group C; n = 12), and IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D; Group D; n = 12). The study subjects had no other diseases. Colonoscopy images from IBS patients and from asymptomatic healthy subjects (Group N; n = 88) were obtained. Google Cloud Platform AutoML Vision (single-label classification) was used to construct AI image models to calculate sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and AUC. A total of 2479, 382, 538, and 484 images were randomly selected for Groups N, I, C and D, respectively. The AUC of the model discriminating between Group N and I was 0.95. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Group I detection were 30.8%, 97.6%, 66.7%, and 90.2%, respectively. The overall AUC of the model discriminating between Groups N, C, and D was 0.83; sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of Group N were 87.5%, 46.2%, and 79.9%, respectively. Using the image AI model, colonoscopy images of IBS could be discriminated from healthy subjects at AUC 0.95. Prospective studies are needed to further validate whether this externally validated model has similar diagnostic capabilities at other facilities and whether it can be used to determine treatment efficacy.
Quality of Oreochromis niloticus and Cynoscion virescens fillets and their by-products in flours make for inclusion in instant food products
Authors: Santos Corrêa Stefane , Gonçalves Oliveira Gislaine , Coradini Franco Melina , Gasparino Eliane , Feihrmann Andresa Carla , Siemer Simone , Vieira Dantas Filho Jerônimo , Cavali Jucilene , de Vargas Schons Sandro , Rodrigues de Souza Maria Luiza
Published: February 2023

The production of fish flour is an alternative for better use of the raw material, although it is rarely used in instant food. Thus, the aimed of this study was to evaluate Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) and Cynoscion virescens (croaker) fillets and the elaboration of flour with filleting by-products for inclusion in food products. Carcasses and heads of the two fish species were cooked, pressed, ground, subjected to drying and re-grinding to obtain standardized flours. These carcass flours were seasoned (sweet and salted). This study was organized into two experimental tests: Test 1: Yield, physicochemical and microbiological analyzes of fillets and flours made from carcass and head of Nile tilapia and croaker; Test 2: Seasoned flours made from Nile tilapia carcasses. There was a difference in fillets yield, where the croaker demonstrated 46.56% and the Nile tilapia 32.60%. Nile tilapia fillets had higher protein content (17.08%) and lower lipid content (0.89%) compared to croaker fillets (14.21 and 4.45%). Nile tilapia backbone flour had the highest protein content (55.41%) and the croaker the highest ash (45.55%) and the lowest Nile tilapia (28.38%). The head flours had lower protein contents (39.86%). Flours produced with croaker backbone had higher levels of calcium and phosphorus (9.34 and 9.27%). However, Nile tilapia backbone flour showed higher contents of essential amino acids. These flours demonstrated a fine granulometry (0.23 to 0.56 mm). Seasoned flours demonstrated interaction between fish species and flavors for moisture, ash, carbohydrates, calcium and phosphorus. The highest protein content (29.70%) was for Nile tilapia flour sweet flours (31.28%) had higher protein content, while salted lipids (8.06%). Nile tilapia has a lower fillet yield, although with a high protein content and low lipid content. Comparing the flours made from filleting by-products, the backbone flour has better nutritional quality, with Nile tilapia being superior to that of croaker, especially in terms of protein and amino acids.
Decomposition of the mean absolute error (MAE) into systematic and unsystematic components
Authors: Robeson Scott M. , Willmott Cort J.
Published: February 2023

When evaluating the performance of quantitative models, dimensioned errors often are characterized by sums-of-squares measures such as the mean squared error (MSE) or its square root, the root mean squared error (RMSE). In terms of quantifying average error, however, absolute-value-based measures such as the mean absolute error (MAE) are more interpretable than MSE or RMSE. Part of that historical preference for sums-of-squares measures is that they are mathematically amenable to decomposition and one can then form ratios, such as those based on separating MSE into its systematic and unsystematic components. Here, we develop and illustrate a decomposition of MAE into three useful submeasures: (1) bias error, (2) proportionality error, and (3) unsystematic error. This three-part decomposition of MAE is preferable to comparable decompositions of MSE because it provides more straightforward information on the nature of the model-error distribution. We illustrate the properties of our new three-part decomposition using a long-term reconstruction of streamflow for the Upper Colorado River.
Evolutionary polynomial regression improved by regularization methods
Authors: Li Yao , Li Mo , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2023

Evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) is a data mining tool that has been widely used in solving various geotechnical engineering problems. The fitness function is the core of EPR. However, overfitting may still occur in EPR, and this issue may cause the testing dataset not to perform effectively. Improvement of the EPR fitness function through L1 and L2 regularization methods is critical to avoid overfitting and enhance good generalization. First, the appropriate values of the regularization parameter λ of the L1 regularization method (L1RM) and L2 regularization method (L2RM) are determined by comparing the test data sets. Then, the EPR with a classical fitness function is compared with that of L1 or L2 regularization methods to evaluate their abilities in developing regression and producing accurate predictions. The results show that the fitness function combined with the regularization method could improve the EPR. However, L1RM performs better in prediction than L2RM. Improvement of EPR using L1RM could solve problems associated with construction constitutive models or could be used for prediction in geotechnical engineering.
Personæ: Users’ evaluation of a music technology education project
Authors: Delle Monache Stefano , Mandanici Marcella , Alessandretti Stefano , Di Filippo Roberto
Published: February 2023

‘Personæ’ is an interactive large-scale space sound installation designed by the students of the music technology classes of the ‘V. Gambara’ music high school in Brescia (Italy). The activities that led to the conception and realization of the installation were part of ‘The Discovery of Interactive Spaces’ project, a set of extracurricular workshops organized by the authors of this article between spring 2019 and winter 2020 with the support of the Italian National Operation Program (PON). At the end of January 2020, the installation was presented during a public event and an evaluation questionnaire was administered to 79 visitors. The purpose of this research is to assess how the public, students, parents, teachers and classmates received the ‘Personæ’ installation, and the technology integration within regular study curricula. While the majority of visitors have well received the artistic and communicative value of the installation, the questionnaire reveals that there is not a similar uniformity of agreement on some aspects of technology integration in school curricula.
Goloba kusi (Hornstedtia scottiana [F. Muell.] K. Schum.) fruit as a feed additive to improve the histological structures and growth performance of broiler
Authors: Blatama D. , Salsabila N. , Saragih H. T.
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim: The broiler farming industry in Indonesia has enormous potential, with chicken meat that can be optimized by providing adequate and high-quality feed. However, the main raw material for the feed still relies on imported products, which makes it necessary to produce alternative materials from native plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of giving Goloba kusi fruit (GF) (Hornstedtia scottiana [F. Muell.] K. Schum.) on the growth of the small intestine, pectoralis major, and gastrocnemius muscle, as well as the development of broiler chickens.

Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized design, in which 300 day-old Chicks were divided into five groups, consisting of 12 chickens in each group with five replications. The GF treatments, namely, 0% (control [CON]), 0.625% (GF1), 1.25% (GF2), 2.5% (GF3), and 5% (GF4) were administered through per kg basal feed. Subsequently, three chickens from each replication were taken, decapitated on the neck, subjected to surgery for histological preparations, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic acid-Schiff-alcian blue. The variables observed included small intestine morphology, muscle morphology, and chicken growth performance.

Results: The results showed that the small intestine morphology, muscle morphology, and chicken growth performance of the GF4 (5%) group increased significantly compared to the CON group.

Conclusion: The administration of GF with an optimum concentration of 5% through basal feed improves small intestine morphology, muscle morphology, and chicken growth performance.
Hydraulic Safety Evaluation for Crossing Gas Pipe at a River: by Using SMS
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Young Kyu , Joo Young Chan
Published: February 2023

Gas pipeline is buried every place where we need gas for living or industry. Sometimes the pipe is buried along or across the river, in particular flood season, the pipe is exposed by local scour which is occurred violent wave of increased runoff discharge. In this study, for the sake of preventing of disclosure, channel bed changing has been simulated using two-dimension numerical model(SMS). The target area is junction of Anyangcheon and Dolimcheon and the lengths of each river are 400m and 600m. As a result, the scour depth is around 30cm at design flood discharge which is 25 % of legal limit depth(1.2m) caused by voltex at the drops at the end of Dolimcheon in the present situation. It could be serious influenced to buried gas pipe, so that the scoured area should be protected by bed pitching using slope drops method in this kinds of case. It will be helpful not only hydraulic safety for the buried gas pipe but also the landscape.
Factors Affecting Depression among Police Officers
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kang Kyonghwa
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to identify the differences in mental health status and factors related to depression in police officers. The secondary data from 493 police officers who participated in the survey at the Police Human Resources Development Institute between October and December 2019 was used. Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol-drinking behavior were assessed. Data were analyzed using Hierarchical regression analysis with the SPSS 23.0 program. The score of PTSD symptoms was 24.39±17.98, drinking behavior 8.70±6.03, and depression 3.15±3.93 in the police officers. There were differences according to socio-demographic characteristics. Factors affecting the depression of police officers were long working hours, alcohol-drinking behavior, and hyper-arousal. Since the level of PTSD symptoms in police officers was very high and hyper-arousal may be prominent and aggravate depression; therefore it is necessary to provide psychological first aid (PFA) for police officers in the early stage.
An Experimental Study on Pressure Fluctuation at Bottom of Intake Facility by With or Without Plunge Pool of Deep Rainwater Storage and Drainage System
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Oh Jun Oh
Published: February 2023

To prevent against urban floods, deep rainwater storage and drainage system have emerged as the ultimate solution for urban floods. In this study, we analyzed the changes in floor pressure depending on the with or without of the plunge pool and the depth through hydraulic experiments. The hydraulic experiment was conducted on a total of 28 types which 4 plunge pool depths and 7 inflow conditions. The experimental results show that the deeper the ground plunge pool depth, the lower the standard deviation and variance of the bottom pressure and the more the pressure stabilizes, but the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the plunge pool depth increases the overall pressure. In addition, when hydrostatic pressure is included, the bottom pressure is 2.0 to 1.4 times the hydrostatic pressure, and when hydrostatic pressure is excluded, it is analyzed to be 1.0 to 0.4 times the hydrostatic pressure. If further research is conducted on changes in bottom pressure according to the depth of the vertical shaft - depth of the plunge pool, it is believed that economic and safety design guidelines for deep rainwater storage and drainage system can be presented.
Development of Emergency Action and Response Plan for Disaster Scenarios in Sewage Facilities: Technology for Prevention and Preparation of Disaster Damage in Environmental Facilities
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Hwang Shin Bum , Kim Bo Ram , Jo Hyun Jae , Sim Ou Bae , Oh Kuk Ryul
Published: February 2023

Due to the reasons like recent climate change, disasters are more frequently occurring and enlarged. Such enlarged disasters increase the scale of casualties and facility damage, and the damages to environment facilities like water treatment plant or wastewater treatment plant are also increasing. In order to draw the emergency actions & coping measures of each disaster scenario, this study put the corrective measures according to disaster & process into DB by researching/analyzing the disaster cases and existing manuals focusing on sewage treatment facilities. After that, this study drew the emergency actions & coping measures composed of three steps such as initial response, emergency response, and settlement/restoration by choosing the main disaster types(five) and disaster scenarios through the DB standardization of corrective measures according to disaster & process. The emergency actions & coping measures for each disaster of sewage treatment facilities developed in this study could contribute to the enhancement of field officers’ ability to respond to disasters through the application of the methodology to other facilities in the future.
The Effects of Female College Students’ Body Image and Self-Esteem on Depression
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Park Min Hyang , Han Heon Seok
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of body image and self-esteem on depression of female college students. First, body image had significantly positive correlation with self-esteem (r=0.600), and significantly negative correlation with depression (r=-0.484) in the correlation analysis (confidence level of 99%). Second, the effects of body image and self-esteem on depression had significant influences in step1 from the hierachical multiple regression analysis (R2=.316, F=20.571, p<.001, CI 99%). The body image(β=-.256, p<.05) and self-esteem(β=-.364, p<.01) had significantly negative effects on the depression (CI 95%). Conclusively, the level of depression could be reduced by intervening already formed negative body image with establishing the correct body image and self-esteem in female college students who are sensitive to their own body images.
Risk Assessment of Road Flooding in Regional Customized for Natural Disasters
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Yon Soo , Jang Ha Young , Noh Hui Sung , Jang Dae Won
Published: February 2023

In this study, proposes a method of risk assessment so that local governments can minimize damages of road flooding caused by natural disasters(heavy rain, typhoon) and to establish systematic disaster prevention measures. To this end, the risk assessment of road flooding consists of four main factors. These factors are evaluated in terms of disaster indicators for probability, consequentiality, vulnerability, and reducibility, respectively. The evaluation criteria for hazard and exposure were prepared by analyzing the occurrences and damages of road flooding in the last 24 years by local governments. And, based on available statistical data for each local government, demographic, social, and facility indicators are selected for vulnerability factors, and medical, policy and administrative indicators that are reduction factors are selected. The risk assessment of road flooding for local governments was derived through the evaluation results of each risk assessment factor. The results of the risk assessment by road flooding conducted in this study will be able to contribute to establish the efficient and systematic road flooding prevention measures for local governments.