bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Remittances on the Livelihood of Farm Households in Adamawa State. Nigeria
Authors: Tarfa J.Z.
Published: April 2023

This study examined Effects of remittances on the livelihood of farm households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The results showed majority (29.1%) were within the age range of 51 – 60 years old, 21.8% had a household size of six persons and 44.2% had primary education. Married (65.8%), household heads were males (57%). Internal remittances of bulk receipts were 86.7%, while 55% received between N1, 000 and N10, 000 per annum. Also 70% received remittances through hand carriage. 59.1% receives 4 – 6 times a year. Also, 69.2% received both cash and non-cash. Income, household size and education had a significant (p<0.05) effect. Age of household head had significantly (p>0.05) effect. The R2 showed that the independent variables explained 51% of variation in migration. Remittance and social group had significant effects on livelihood (p<0.05). Effect on farm size was positive and significant (p<0.05). R2 showed that independent variables explained 59.8% variation in livelihood.
Vidas no sufoco nos transportes na pandemia: um App de mapeamento colaborativo para alerta de lotação na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP)
Authors: Silva Ricardo Barbosa da
Published: April 2023

A lotação nos transportes coletivos é um problema histórico na metrópole de São Paulo, mas que se agravou ainda mais neste contexto de pandemia do novo coronavírus, denominado SARS-CoV-2. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a condição de lotação nos transportes coletivos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) na sua correlação com os grupos mais vulneráveis à Covid-19 no território. Para tanto, foi utilizado uma metodologia com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo a primeira baseada em dados relativos à mobilidade, lotação nos transportes coletivos e óbitos por Covid-19, como também os dados coletados no mapeamento colaborativo digital, a partir de alertas das pessoas em condição de lotação nos transportes coletivos na RMSP, por meio do aplicativo (App) Sufoco. Utilizou-se também a análise documental, baseada nos decretos e resoluções relacionados à gestão pública da pandemia. Verificou-se que a população das periferias urbanas é mais submetida à condição de sufoco da lotação nos transportes coletivos, justamente no território que concentra a população mais pobre e negra, constatada como o grupo mais vulnerável à Covid-19.
Le degré d’internationalisation : un facteur modérateur du lien entre la participation institutionnelle et la structure du capital
Authors: Belaounia Samia , Fouquau Julien
Published: April 2023

Cet article vise à étudier de quelle façon le degré d’internationalisation agit sur la relation entre la participation institutionnelle et le ratio d’endettement. Notre étude empirique porte sur les entreprises européennes de l’indice S&P Europe 350 entre 2010 et 2019. Nos résultats montrent que la participation institutionnelle influence de manière négative le ratio d’endettement pour les entreprises faiblement ou modérément internationalisées alors que cette influence diminue fortement pour des degrés élevés de multi régionalisation. Au-delà d’un certain degré d’ouverture, la complexité organisationnelle rend en effet le contrôle des décisions stratégiques et opérationnelles par les institutionnels plus coûteux et aléatoire. Dans ce contexte, la participation institutionnelle est susceptible d’apparaître moins crédible dans la réduction de l’asymétrie d’information et la baisse du coût de sélection adverse associé au financement par capitaux propres. Ces résultats apparaissent robustes aux différentes spécifications alternatives et valides pour l’ensemble des catégories d’investisseurs considérées à l’exception des banques.
Le transfert des joueurs de football : une analyse optionnelle
Authors: Bouvet Patrice , Sfez Flora
Published: April 2023

Les clubs de football gèrent le transfert de leurs joueurs comme autant de possibilités offertes pendant leur vie professionnelle. Cet article se propose d’étudier la contribution de la théorie des options réelles à la gestion des transferts des joueurs pour mettre en évidence les différentes possibilités futures d’investissement et la valeur d’une de ces possibilités. Application supplémentaire de cette théorie à un terrain de recherche encore peu exploité, notre cadre d’analyse conduit à mettre en évidence un outil d’aide à la décision en identifiant quel joueur il faut conserver dans l’équipe et quel joueur il conviendrait de céder prioritairement.
On the topology of the space of bi-orderings of a free group on two generators
Authors: Dovhyi Serhii , Muliarchyk Kyrylo
Published: April 2023

Let

G

be a group. We can topologize the spaces of left-orderings

\operatorname{LO}(G)

and bi-orderings

\operatorname{O}(G)

of

G

with the product topology. These spaces may or may not have isolated points. It is known that

\operatorname{LO}(F_n)

has no isolated points, where

F_n

is a free group on

n\geq 2

generators. In this paper, we show that

\operatorname{O}(F_n)

has no isolated points as well, thereby resolving the second part of Conjecture 2.2 by Sikora [
Bull. London Math. Soc.
36
(2004), 519—526].
Process window of simultaneous transfer and bonding materials using laser‐assisted bonding for mini‐ and micro‐LED display panel packaging
Authors: Eom Yong‐Sung , Choi Gwang‐Mun , Jang Ki‐Seok , Joo Jiho , Lee Chan‐mi , Oh Jin‐Hyuk , Moon Seok‐Hwan , Choi Kwang‐Seong
Published: April 2023

A simultaneous transfer and bonding (SITRAB) process using areal laser irradiation is introduced for high‐yield and cost‐effective production of mini‐ or micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) display panels. SITRAB materials are special epoxy‐based solvent‐free pastes. Three types of pot life are studied to obtain a convenient SITRAB process: Room temperature pot life (RPL), stage pot life (SPL), and laser pot life (LPL). In this study, the RPL was found to be 1.2 times the starting viscosity at 25°C, and the SPL was defined as the time the solder can be wetted by the SITRAB paste at given stage temperatures of 80°C, 90°C, and 100°C. The LPL, on the other hand, was referred to as the number of areal laser irradiations for the tiling process for red, green, and blue LEDs at the given stage temperatures. The process windows of SPL and LPL were identified based on their critical time and conversion requirements for good solder wetting. The measured RPL and SPL at the stage temperature of 80°C were 6 days and 8 h, respectively, and the LPL was more than six at these stage temperatures.
Effect of Human Factors on Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs): The Case of Hawassa City, SNRS, Ethiopia
Authors: Dangisso Siquarie Shudda
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses the effects of human factors on RTAs in Hawassa city. The research intended to attain two specific objectives - first, to examine the human errors that obstruct road traffic safety, and second, to the significant human factors contributing to road traffic accidents (RTAs). The research has used qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a variety of perspectives that can be studied. Simple descriptive analyses (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) using tables, graphs, and figures were conducted to analyze human factors' effect on road traffic accidents (RTAs) in the study area. Road traffic safety and improper utility and road use are considered factors affecting road traffic safety. The statistical analysis and result revealed that independent variables (speedy driving, drunken driving, distracted driving, road users neglecting) have a moderate correlation. However, they have a moderate, strong, and very strong relationship to the dependent variable, i.e., road traffic safety. In order to identify the main human factor contributing to road traffic accidents (RTAs), an analysis carried out by multiple linear regression analysis discovered four factors (independent variables) that significantly increase the risk of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Therefore, human factors have been identified to account for the occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTAs).
Economic and Political Risk Aversions to Illicit Financial Flows: A Rethink of the Portfolio Choice Factors
Authors: Akeliwira George Ayuune
Published: April 2023

The study examines the long-term causal relationship between public debt, governance quality, and illicit financial flows in sub-Saharan Africa. Annual time series data were gathered from the World Bank Governance Indicators, International Monetary Fund Economic Outlook, and Global Financial Integrity from 2005 to 2014. The approach adopted in the study is in the tradition of the portfolio choice framework of tax evasion, rooted in the investment theory of capital flight. The study finds that there is a negative and statistically significant long-run relationship between governance quality and illicit financial flows. The results also show a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between public debt and illicit financial flows. The findings suggest that weak institutional oversight, poor regulatory quality, corruption, and political crises are important determinants of illicit financial outflows in the region. It concludes that governments need to improve the transparency of financial transactions, including the beneficial ownership of corporate structures and tax information. The results also indicate the need to strengthen institutions such as customs, anti-corruption, and other law enforcement agencies to detect intentional trade misinvoicing as tax evaders exploit loopholes in tax administration peculiar to developing countries. The study is timely as resources are critically needed to rebuild economies in view of the global COVID-19 outbreak and its deleterious effects on low-income countries. The study is also relevant for policymakers as it presents pointers to the factors that proliferate illicit capital outflows from the region.
Unidade territorial de aprendizagem:
Authors: Farias Ricardo Chaves de , Leite Cristina Maria Costa
Published: April 2023

O território é um conceito importante para a Geografia, pois além da abstração teórica, possui materialidade a partir das disputas pelo poder entre os diferentes sujeitos no espaço. Nesse contexto, também estão inseridos a escola e sua comunidade. Fato que possibilita identificar a potencialidade desse conceito para a educação geográfica. Assim nasce a proposta de Unidade Territorial de Aprendizagem enquanto território de empoderamento na Geografia Escolar, uma vez que permite ao estudante compreender-se como sujeito no mundo com potencial de transformação. O texto foi elaborado a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica com a seleção qualitativa de referências que versam a respeito do Espaço Geográfico, Território, Geografias das Infâncias e Juventudes e Cartografia Colaborativa. Compreende ainda que os territórios escolares já existem, embora necessitem do reconhecimento para a provocação didático-pedagógica que favoreça aos estudantes da educação básica, a geografização da espacialidade existente e percepção do sentido global de lugar. Desse modo, as relações de poder territorializam os espaços próximos das unidades escolares e estes, podem servir de referência à condução dos conhecimentos cotidianos aos conhecimentos científicos próprios da Geografia, o que possibilita enxergar o invisível no que se apresenta materialmente perceptível nos espaços banais do território usado.
A Database Management System using Fuzzified Proportional Integral Controller
Authors: Udo E. U. , Okoro C. K. , Odo Kingsley O. , Onyenagbagha N. C. , Kanu N. D.
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a database management system (DBMS) using a fuzzified proportional integral controller. Automatic tuning has been an elusive goal for database technology for a long time and is becoming a pressing issue for modern E-services. One of the major difficulties in using antique methods to study such problems is the lack of accurate analytical methods for complex database systems. In the past, researchers were faced with complex problems of managing scalability as data increases and maintenance of database performance. Two Simulink models were developed, namely the conventional model and the optimized model. An integrated fuzzy logic proportional integral (PI) controller was used to simulate the proposed models. The optimized model of DBMS makes use of a combination of fuzzy controllers and data processing subsystems multiplexed with data access system. The simulation results of the two models were compared in areas of data flow rate, data access rate, data flow error and output rule behaviors. The results obtained proved the effectiveness of the optimized model which tends to provide stability to the system and minimize steady state error. In conclusion, the developed optimized model was able to improve the workload of the database management system with database stability of 60%, optimized flow rate of 50% and database access rate of 50%, respectively.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Poultry Bird De-Feathering Machine
Authors: Bello Kazeem A. , Adama Abdulrahman , Tawose Olayinka M. , Bolaji Bukola O.
Published: April 2023

Poultry birds de-feathering has a daunting challenge. This study aimed at developing a low cost poultry de-feathering machine (DM) that will promote food hygiene; and the safety of operators. The machine consist of a hard plastic drum on which rubber pluckers were fixed and was powered with a 1.5kW electric motor. The DM was developed according to engineering design and principles. The test was achieved by considering the weight of the poultry birds (PB) before and after the de-feathering process. The de-feathered PB weight; and the time taken to de-feather PB were recorded. The feather was discharged through the DM outlet by gravity and weighed to determine the actual weight of the removed feather. The test was repeated five times and the outcome of the recorded results was presented in graphs and tables. Brown old layers (hens) were used for the machine performance evaluation at 7 different scalding temperatures (50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80) °C. The DM was designed to de-feather 5 hens per batch. From the result obtained, 5 hens with a total average weight of 9.5 kg de-feather in 28 seconds at 92% efficiency average. The force required to de-feather hens decreased with an increase in the scalding temperature. At a scalding temperature >800 C, the bird skin will pill and give it a rough appearance.
Time-Dependent Austempering of High Carbon Steel using Epoxidized Cotton Seed Oil
Authors: Dodo Rayyan M. , Musa Zahraddeen , Bello Kamilu A. , Abdullahi Umma , Okoh Emmanuel O.
Published: April 2023

The work seeks to ascertain the potential of austempering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon steel using epoxidized cotton seed oil bath. Five sets of high carbon steel (HCS) samples were heated to an austenitizing temperature of 830°C in the furnace, soaked at that temperature for 1 hour and quenched interruptedly at a temperature of 310°C in epoxidized cotton seed oil (ECO) bath for 15 – 75 minutes (at regular intervals of 15 minutes for different samples’ sets). Subsequently, samples air-cooled at ambient temperature. Hounsfield tensometer, Indentec universal hardness tester and Izod impact tester were used to determine the mechanical properties of the austempered samples. From the outcome of the investigation, appreciable improvement was noted in tensile strength (1210 N/mm2), hardness (397 HBN) and impact strength (12.1 J/mm) of the austempered samples. Further, samples were subjected to metallographic sample preparation, succeeded by microstructural examination using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structures observed to be majorly bainite. The austempering time of 15 minutes produced the outstanding combination of mechanical properties.
Mixture of Carbon-Dioxide and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Refrigerants in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System: A Review
Authors: Oshodin Taiwo E. , Bolaji Bukola O. , Olorunfemi Bayode J.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the mixture of CO2 and LPG is being investigated, and the salient properties of the refrigerants were the main pointer to the development of a mixed refrigerant. Since CO2 offers a much higher volumetric capacity, the problem of the higher working pressure can be overcome by mixing it with a lower pressure refrigerant.  LPG on the other hand has a cooling capacity of about 10% higher than R12 and the vapour pressure is appropriate. It has excellent thermodynamic properties leading to high energy efficiency and operates at lower pressures than other main refrigerants while maintaining a similar volumetric refrigerating effect, but it is highly flammable. Therefore, by combining CO2 and LPG in the right amounts, we can create a blend that will have low pressure while also being less combustible, more effective at cooling than the old one, more energy-efficient, with an improved coefficient of performance (COP), and safer for the environment. The different studies examined demonstrate that combining CO2 and LPG created products with greater refrigerating effect capacity, enhanced coefficients of performance (COP), were more energy-efficient, and were also secure and safe for the environment; that can be used to replace the existing refrigerants.
Instrumentation System for a Model Laboratory Soil Bin
Authors: Ajiboye Aye T. , Yusuf Abdulrahman O. , Iyanda Muritala O. , Popoola Olusogo J.
Published: April 2023

Tool development and prime mover selection for optimum tillage operation require both the knowledge of soil and tillage tool interaction dynamics which is a function of some system parameters. The actual value of these parameters can only be determined either from field or soil bin experiment via appropriate instrumentation systems. Several published works have been reported on development of soil bin instrumentation system. However, development of a system that can measure and log all the required parameters simultaneously in real time remains an active area of research. The distance moved and the forces acting on the tool were sensed using potentiometer and load cells, respectively. The sensed parameters and the calculated tool linear velocity were processed in parallel using microcontroller with optimised code to ensure real-time and simultaneous logging. The developed system was used for measuring and logging the distance moved by the tool, its velocity as well as the x-, y-, and z- components of force acting on the tool. The values of the distance, velocity and force were determined any time from the start of tillage operation are available on the chats of distance/velocity/force against time obtained from this work. 10 seconds from the start of tillage operation, the distance moved by the tool, tool velocity, , , and  are 2.56 m, 0.27 m/s, 147.00 N, 5.00 N, and 15.00 N, respectively.
Validation of Rayleigh-Ritz Deflection Equation for a Tapered Cantilever Beam using ANSYS Finite Element Software
Authors: Ufe Moses M. , Iorliam Amos Y. , Odeh Omojo B.
Published: April 2023

Models are like our eyes and ears as they provide the basis for making very important design decisions in engineering. They give predictions that help engineers to foretell or foresee a system’s behaviour in real life. Validation ensures that these models give proper or accurate representation of the real system. In this study, a model equation derived for predicting the end deflection of a tapered width, constant height cantilever beam was adopted for validation. This equation was derived using the Finite Element Method's Rayleigh-Ritz principle and the virtual work concept.  Using a finite element model developed in ANSYS as the representation of the real system and a basis for validation, this study aimed to validate the equation. Validation was achieved by the comparison of the load-deflection curve, the height-deflection curve and the end deflection of the model equation to that of the finite element model in ANSYS. Though the model equation was verified to really foretell deflection, the predictions of the equation was not in good agreement with that of the finite element model. The accuracy of the equation dwindled as the parameters of the tapered cantilever beam were varied. It gave an average percentage error of 30% higher than the allowable error of 5%. Though the equation was derived using the appropriate fundamental numerical principles as it basis, it’s accuracy can be exponentially increased by modifying it to include a larger number of discretized elements and a higher degree of shape/interpolation function.
A A Context-Aware Human Distress Alert System for Safety from Interpersonal Violence Using Smartphone Sensors
Authors: Ogunbiyi Dimple T. , Ogundoyin Ibrahim K. , Akanbi Caleb O.
Published: April 2023

Interpersonal violence is one of the causes of death globally. Getting help depends on timely response from responders. Development in personal safety technologies have been improved over the years due to the increase in the use of mobile technologies and the miniaturization of electronic sensors. However, existing technologies for communicating distress usually require active user interventions in alerting emergencies. Hence, this study proposes a system for the automatic detection and alert of distress situations arising from violent attacks through smartphone sensors. A fuzzy logic approach was adopted to classify levels of distress situation using input data values from tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, sound and proximity sensors. A prototype of the distress detection and alert process was implemented using Java programming language. The system prototype was implemented as an android based real-time application that detects and alerts distress using values from mobile device sensors. Testing the prototype showed that the system can automatically detect and send alert to responders using smartphone.
The Role of Integrin Beta 3 Polymorphisms in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ashiq Sana , Ashiq Kanwal , Sabar Muhammad Farooq
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The literature on the role of integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) exonic variants in coronary artery disease (CAD) and lipid outcomes is scarce. However, the findings remained uncertain and still not clear. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the association of rs5918 polymorphism with coronary artery disease.
Methodology: All the eligible literature published in the English language from February 3, 2005, up to December 19, 2021, were searched by using different electronic databases and extracted all the required information from the available literature. The statistical analysis was performed through the MetaGenyo program, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the association between rs5918 and CAD.
Results: The final analysis includes four studies, and the overall rs5918 risk allele in all the tested genetic models as follow: allelic model: OR 0.80 CI 0.41-1.58; homozygote model: OR 1.66, 95% CI 0.20-2.16; recessive model: OR 0.71 CI 0.44-1.14; dominant model: OR 0.81 CI 0.22-3.03. In addition, the lipid outcomes, including lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides were associated with increased disease risk. The shapes of the funnel plots suggest no publication bias in our study.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our final pooled analysis revealed a non-significant role of this exonic polymorphism in coronary artery disease that may exert its effect by modulating various lipid parameters. However, more studies are required with a larger cohort size that may give us conclusive results in the future.
The Development of Digital Flipbook as German Language Learning for Senior High School Class XI
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Adi , Wijayati Primardiana Hermilia , Usman Rizman
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research and development study is to develop a learning media in the form of a Flipbook which will be applied to learning German in Class XI High School. This research adapts the development model of Cennamo and Kalk (2019), which consists of 5 coherent and continuous steps. These steps include (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Demonstrate, (4) Develop, and (5) Deliver. The score given by the media validator was 80%, the material validator was 77.5%, practitioners were 85%, and trial respondents were 87.2%. Based on predetermined validity criteria, the results show that Flipbook is included in the valid category. This research produces a Flipbook digital book that can be accessed using an internet connection with various gadget devices. Therefore, it can be concluded that the product developed is feasible to be applied in learning German.
The Impact of Blended Collaborative Learning on the English Reading Comprehension
Authors: Motlagh Mohsen Akbari , Zavaraki Esmaeil Zaraii , Vahedi Mehdi , Noroozi Aruish , Bakhtiarvand Morteza , Azizi Yaghub
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of blended collaborative learning on Iranian learners’ understanding concept of English texts. Among the statistical population of eighth grade male students in Birjand in the academic year, 2021 which numbered 637 people, 30 students were purposefully separated into two experimental and control groups using the available sampling method. After taking the Oxford Placement Test and the purposeful appointment of learners in experimental and control groups, a pre-test was taken. Students in both groups were trained in English text comprehension techniques and skills for 4 weeks. Analysis of test results showed that students who were taught by the blended collaborative method, compared to students who were taught by the individual blended method, in understanding the concept of English texts, correct understanding and recognition of words and proper vocabulary in order to complete incomplete texts in the post-test and delayed the post-test stages have been performed much better. In understanding the reading of English texts, there was a meaningful difference between the performance of the experimental and control groups in the post-test, but no meaningful difference was obtained in function of the control and experimental groups in the delayed post-test.
Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Fluconazole Niosomal Gel For Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Dr. Shivendra Agarwal
Published: April 2023

Fluconazole, a macrolide antibiotic, is employed to treat certain susceptible bacteria. Niosomes play a significant role in drug delivery since they can alter pharmacokinetics and bioavailability characteristics, as well as minimise toxicity. Niosomes are becoming more and more crucial in the administration of drugs. While decreasing the drug's systemic absorption, topically administered niosomes can lengthen the duration that medications remain in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Fluconazole-loaded topical gel niosomes are intended to be developed and evaluated in this study. Span 20, 40, 60 (as a non-ionic surfactant) and cholesterol were used to create niosomes by the thin film hydration method (as stable vesicle forming agent). Different dosages of the drugs, surfactants, and cholesterol were used to make niosomes (0.30:1:0.6, 0.6:1:0.6, 0.9:1:0.6). The vesicle size, surface shape, % entrapment effectiveness, drug content, and in vitro drug release of the niosomal dispersion were examined. Using a UV spectrophotometer, the drug concentration and entrapment efficiency were determined at 262 nm. A range of 77.650.25 to 94.120.48 was discovered for the entrapment efficiency. A maximum entrapment efficiency of 94.120.48 was shown for Formulation FS5, which contains Span 60, and 93.900.70 was shown for Formulation FT4, which contains Tween 60. Carbopol 940, glycerol, triethanolamine, and distilled water were used to make fluconazole niosomal gel. Niosomal gel's evaluation was based on its outward appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, entrapment effectiveness, and in-vitro permeation investigations. The amount of medication released from the niosomal gel was discovered to be 80.76%. The aforementioned data show that encapsulating a fluconazole-loaded niosomal topical gel lengthens drug release, increases drug retention in skin, and enhances cellular permeability.
Amorphous Cellulose: Graphene Oxide Composite Bead
Authors: Phuphantrakun Kongkiat , Chandrachai Achara , Ekgasit Sanong
Published: April 2023

In this research, we developed an efficient method for the fabrication of amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide composite. Amorphous cellulose (AC) and amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads were fabricated via H2SO4 gelatinization using eucalyptus paper as a raw material. The cellulose gel was droplet-extruded into deionized (DI) water and transformed to a solid bead via the water-regeneration process. Small AC and ACGO quasi-sphere beads with diameter of 2 mm were obtained. The semicrystalline eucalyptus cellulose was transformed into amorphous cellulose after the regeneration process. The entrapment of graphene oxide (GO) by the amorphous cellulose was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and raman spectroscopies (Raman). The gelatinization and regeneration processes offered a simple and efficient methodology for AC and ACGO bead fabrication.
HIGHLIGHTS

Amorphous cellulose (AC) and amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads were successfully fabricated via sulfuric acid gelatinization
The average sizes of AC and ACGO beads were 2.11±13 and 2.14 ± 0.12 mm, respectively
Structural characterization confirmed the transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II and graphene oxide was successfully embedded in ACGO beads
The added graphene oxide interacted with the amorphous cellulose and made the surface of ACGO beads smooth

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Estimation of Hydrazone Derivative Compounds as Anti-Bacterial Agents Against Staphylococcus aureous Through Molecular Docking and Self Consisted Field
Authors: Frimayanti Neni , Octaviani Melzi , Wulandari Gety , Zamri Adel
Published: April 2023

Molecular docking is an important computational method for drug design. It can be used to predict the binding interaction of receptor with the ligand. Hydrazone were reported as chemical compounds with =CH-N-NH group. In addition, hydrazone derivative compounds were also reported have various activities, such as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is a very serious problem because this bacteria is increasingly resistant to various types of antibiotics (multidrug resistance). S. aureus is also having extraordinary adaptability thus, it can be resistant to many antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to predict whether the hydrazone compounds were active as anti-bacterial agents and also to ensure that the binding interaction is stable before and after docking calculation. Molecular docking research was conducted using the protein target 1N67 (PDB ID), which was derived from the crystallographic structure of hydrazone derivative chemicals. Four hydrazone derivative substances were docked to the protein in this investigation with grid boxes along x, y, and z radii of 67, 86 and 66, respectively. The positive control was chloramphenicol. Self-Consisted Field (SCF) was calculated using AM1 as basis set and molecular dynamic simulation was performed using CHARMM27 force field. The results showed that from 4 tested compounds, only compound 3 with the binding free energy of −6.535 kcal/mol was estimated as active agent against S. aureus. This compound showed very good potential to be an anti-bacterial with the lowest binding free energy value with the highest stability level.
HIGHLIGHTS

Due to in silico study such as molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation is an important computational method for drug design. It can be used to predict the binding orientation of small molecule drug candidates to their protein targets. In addition, docking is also can be applied to predict small molecule affinity and activity. Thus, molecular docking has an important role in drug discovery and rational design
The ligand interaction with the receptor was more stable due to the decreased binding free energy value
The lowest binding free energy and lowest RMSD value of this molecule, which may presumably cause compound 3 to has better binding affinity compare to other compounds

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Study on the Reaction Parameters on Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil Using MgO/zeolite-A Catalyst
Authors: Pandiangan Kamisah Delilawati , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Hadi Sutopo , Ilim Ilim , Alista Diska Indah , Sinaga Davincent Andreas
Published: April 2023

In this research, transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) with methanol in the presence of MgO/zeolite-A composites with different MgO loads as catalysts was investigated. In addition, the effect of different reaction parameters including oil to methanol ratio, the amount of catalyst, and transesterification time were also investigated. Zeolite-A was prepared from rice husk silica (RHS) and food-grade aluminum foil and confirmed using XRD and SEM/EDS techniques. The MgO/zeolite-A composites with different MgO loads were prepared by impregnating the zeolite with Mg (NO3)2 solution of different concentrations. The composites were then characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM, and finally applied as a catalyst in transesterification of RSO at varied experimental conditions. The XRF results indicated that the zeolite has been successfully impregnated, and the content of MgO varied depending on the concentration of magnesium nitrate solution used for impregnation process. Zeolite-A and also MgO/zeolite-A composites were confirmed by XRD investigations, supported by SEM analysis with indicated the shape of cubic particle, a characteristic feature of zeolite-A, and rod like structure which is most likely the MgO particle. The results of transesterification experiments revealed the appreciable activities of the composites and the effect of reaction parameters on the conversion of the RSO, with the highest conversion of 89 % achieved using 12.5 % catalyst relative to the mass of RSO, with MgO 4.43 %/zeolite-A catalyst, oil to methanol ratio of 1:10, and a transesterification time of 6.0 h. Analysis of the transesterification products using GC-MS confirmed that fatty acids composing the RSO were converted into corresponding methyl esters.
HIGHLIGHTS

Zeolite A was prepared from rice husk silica and food grade aluminum foil
MgO/Zeolite A composites with different MgO load were prepared using impregnation method
MgO/Zeolite A composites were used as catalyst for transesterification of rubber seed oil

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Correlation Among Tumor Size, Histopathological Grade and the Expression of RAC1 Protein with Breast Cancer Metastasis to Ipsilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Heriady Jafan Argya Pradana , Rizki Kiki Achmad , Azhar Yohana , Abdurahman Maman , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Faried Ahmad , Heriady Yusuf , Sholihah Ika Adhani
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Mastectomy is the standard treatment for breast cancer. The purpose of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) dissection in mastectomy is to examine the status and the presence of metastasis in ALN. This study is an analytic observational cross-sectional study coupled with a categorical comparative study in 60 BC patient’s with- and without-ALN metastasis. The data that used in this study were histopathological data from patients medical record and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of RAC1 expression data. The immunohistochemistry was performed with a cutoff point based on the result of a receiver operating characteristics (ROC). This study combined BC tumor size, histopathological grade, and expression of RAC1 protein in correlation with known risk factors on metastasis to ALN. From 60 subjects, there were 63.3 % (38) ALN (+) and 36.7 % (22), ALN (−). BC of T2 tumor size, grade 2 and RAC1(−), the ALN metastasis chance was 0.6 %. T2 tumor size, grade 2 and RAC1(+), the ALN metastasis chance was 4.5 %. T2 tumor size, grade 3 and RAC1(−), the ALN metastasis chance was 3.0 %. T2 tumor, grade 3 and RAC1(+), the ALN metastasis chance was 18.8 %; T3 tumor size, grade 3 and RAC1(−), the ALN metastasis chance was 12.7 %. T3 tumor size, grade 3 and RAC1(+), the ALN metastasis chance was 52.2 %; T4b tumor size, grade 3, RAC1(−) and RAC1(+), the ALN metastasis chance was 40.8 and 83.8 %, respectively. We conclude that smaller tumor size and lower histopathological grading with RAC1(−) has lesser possibility to ALN metastasize.
HIGHLIGHTS

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from epithelial cells of the ducts and breast glands in the area of the lobules and terminal ducts known as the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) and the surgery performed is breast-conserving treatment or mastectomy that examine the status and the presence of metastasis in ALN
RAC1 is a member of the RHO-GTPase family that plays an important role in the migration process, loss of adhesions between cells, and tumor metastasis also found in BC so it was used as parameter in this study
Tumor size, histopathological grading, and the expression of RAC1 protein has correlation with with BC metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes that the smaller the tumor size, the lower the histopathological grading with RAC1(-)

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Main Character Analysis in “The Diamond Necklace” by Guy De Maupassant
Authors: Handayani Ika , Rahmawati Eri
Published: April 2023

The present study aims to describe the inferiority feeling and striving for superiority aspects of the main character, "Mathilde Loisel" in the short story "The Diamond Necklace" by a French author, Guy De Maupassant. The data source of this research is primarily taken from the sentences containing dialogues and conflicts experienced by the main character, Mathilde Loisel in the short story of "The Diamond Necklace" by Guy De Maupassant. While the secondary data were taken from any references related to the theory of literature, Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology, and related researches. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and uses literature and documentation as data collection method. The results of the data analysis showed that the main character Mathilde Loisel struggled from her inferiority (her shortcomings) to her superiority using various forms of complex compensation and superiority. The results of analysis showed that this short story deserves to be discussed in literature study since there are many positive values that can be learned for individual character building.
The Indian Chemical Society:A Century of Performance and Promise in the Service of the Nation
Authors: Mukherjee Dulal C. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: April 2023

The Indian Chemical Society (ICS), a premier Scientific Society of India, was founded in 1924 as a National Forum for the community of chemists and members of allied disciplines. It will enter the centennial year of its foundation on May 9, 2023. The driving force behind its establishment was the nationalistic spirit prevailing in India under the British rule. J. N. Mukherjee, J.C. Ghosh, and S.S. Bhatnagar while carrying out their research work in the University College, London, in 1919 for their D.Sc. Degree decided that after returning to India, they would endeavor to establish a Chemical Society like the Chemical Society of London, now the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). They dreamed of transforming it into a reality with the active cooperation of many of the country’s leading personalities. The Indian Chemical Society was founded on May 9, 1924, as a registered Society, with Sir Prafulla Chandra Ray, the doyen of Indian Chemists, as the founding President.Many of the distinguished personalities in Chemical Sciences at that time in India took an active interest in nurturing the newborn Society.
Precision Macro (molecular) Assemblies
Authors: Rajak Aritra , Das Anindita
Published: April 2023

Structural precision in hierarchical self-assembled architectures is ubiquitous in biological systems. For instance, DNA double helix, quaternary structures of proteins, tobacco mosaic virus, microtubules, and several other elegant systems are constituted through specific molecular recognitions that are responsible for regulating numerous complex functions in nature. Inspired by such elegant examples in living systems, the self-assembly of synthetic small molecules and macromolecules has been studied with great interest, especially in the past four decades since the concept of supramolecular chemistry had been established in a formal way. In this context, solution self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCPs) with amorphous core- forming blocks has been studied extensively in the past three decades owing to the possibility of generating different nanostructures in water,such as micelles, vesicles, fibers, lamella, and others.Despite the fact that self-assembly of ABCPs has proven to be an effective bottom- up approach for creating multilevel structures that are gateways to highly promising soft materials for diverse applications, attempts to improve specific and nontrivial functional utilities of these systems have been hampered by a number of significant problems. Aggregation of ABCPs in block-selective solvents is commonly catalyzed by the immiscibility-driven chain collapse of the amorphous core-forming blocks. Thus, the critical packing parameter, which in turn depends on the relative volume fraction of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic block segments, is the primary factor controlling the morphology of these polymer aggregates in solutions.This limits the ability to precisely tailor the internal order orsurface functional group display in such nanostructures or control their dimensions, shapes, and dispersity, which is crucial for their elegant biological functions. Moreover, for ABCPs with amorphous core- forming blocks, non-spherical structures are rarely accessible only within a limited window of block compositions and self-assembly environments. Sometimes, those are also contaminated with other undesired morphologies. Many studies have demonstrated that non-spherical, high aspect ratio nanostructures such as one- dimensional (1D) fibers and two- dimensional (2D) plateletperform superior functions in emerging applications, compared to their spherical analogues. This has paved the way for the emergence of new macromolecular designs toward the development of internally-ordered precision anisotropic structures.
Geographical Distribution of Vegetable Crops Grown in Greenhouses by Type of Crop in Ramadi District
Authors: Darweesh Amna Jabbar Muter , Abdullah Firas Musleh Farhan
Published: April 2023

This research dealt with the topic of (Geographical distribution of vegetable crops grown in greenhouses by type of crop in Ramadi district). This research dealt with the topic of (Geographical Analysis of Vegetable Crops Cultivated in Plastic Tunnels by Crop Type in Ramadi District). And what are the spatial differences in the distribution of plastic tunnels between the provinces in the study area in terms of number, area and production? Therefore, the aim of the study is to show the geographical analysis of the reality of the situation for planting vegetable crops in the plastic tunnels in terms of the cultivated area and the quantity of production in order to optimize the investment of this type From agriculture, which is positively reflected in providing food security for the population, data have been collected from government departments, and the number of plastic tunnels has reached (1212) plastic tunnels in which vegetable crops are grown (tomatoes, cucumbers, trees, eggplant, green peppers, okra), which Contribute to filling the needs of the local market for the population. The area planted with plastic tunnels reached (24) donums. The district (18) came first in the number of tunnels. The number of plastic tunnels amounting to (212) plastic tunnels distributed among the cultivated crops that export the okra crop came in the first place with (112) plastic tunnels, with a percentage of (22.6%). 155 plastic houses distributed among agricultural crops, which export the okra crop in the first place with the number of plastic tunnels, which numbered (63) plastic tunnels, with a percentage of (12.6%). As for the third category, the 12 acidic provinces ranked last in the number of plastic tunnels, which amounted to There are (40) plastic tunnels distributed among agricultural crops, which export the okra crop in the first place in the number of plastic tunnels, which numbered (13) plastic houses and a percentage of (2.6%).
Geographical Analysis of Trespasses in Al-Saqlawiya City
Authors: Al-Farraji Hatem Ali Mohammed , Al-Mehemmdi Abdul-Razzaq Mohammed Jabbar
Published: April 2023

The trespasses are one of the most important problems facing Iraqi cities today, which represent a new challenge for urban planners, as the phenomenon has become a threat to the city in its existence and distort its appearance, and the city of Al-Saqlawiya is not isolated from the rest of the Iraqi cities, in which various forms of trespasses appeared in its basic plan, especially after 2003 as a result of the security chaos and the weakness of the supervisory role of the authorities, and the study aims to know the type of those trespasses, their numbers, area and negative effects on the built environment, represented by the encroachment on the various land uses within the country. The basic design of the city, and outside it on the agricultural lands adjacent to it, the study has reached a set of conclusions that the most trespasses inside the city are industrial trespasses, which amounted to an area of (2.97) hectares on the taboos of roads and parks, while outside it is residential with an area of (60) hectares and that most of the land exceeded is agricultural land.
A subject-centered approach to the development of entrepreneurial way of thinking among engineers of a new generation
Authors: Ивкина М.В. , Помельникова Е.А.
Published: April 2023

Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена запросом государства и общества на специалистов, способных эффективно выполнять профессиональные задачи. Авторами устанавливается необходимость развития предпринимательского мышления у будущих инженеров для выполнения запроса общества. В статье раскрывается сущность такого вида мышления и его структура, включающая осознание перспектив, способность выбора новых средств достижения, принятие вероятности неудачи, способность оценки рисков, анализ результатов. Формулируются свойства личности, необходимые для его развития: субъектная позиция, внутренний локус контроля, профессиональная и акмеологическая направленность. Цель статьи заключается в оценке готовности будущих инженеров к развитию и применению предпринимательского мышления в профессиональной деятельности. Описываются результаты исследования группы студентов, занимающихся в рамках проекта «Крылья Ростеха» по специальной программе.

The relevance of this article is due to the demand of the state and society for specialists capable of effectively performing professional tasks. The authors establish the need for the development of entrepreneurial way of thinking among future engineers to fulfill the request of society. The article reveals the essence of this type of thinking and its structure, including awareness of prospects, the ability to choose new means of achievement, acceptance of the probability of failure, the ability to assess risks, analysis of results. The properties of personality necessary for its development are formulated: subjective position, internal locus of control, professional and acmeological orientation. The purpose of the article is to assess the readiness of future engineers to develop and apply entrepreneurial way of thinking in their professional activities. The results of the study of a group of students engaged in the project "Wings of Rostec" under a special program are described.