bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Ilḥāq" as a Morphological Tool in Arabic Grammar
Authors: Baalbaki Ramzi
Published: March 2019

The Arab grammarians differentiate between the ziyāda (augment) that introduces an element of meaning and the ziyāda that appends (yulḥiq) one morphological form to another. Having realized the potential of the concept of ilḥāq (appending) as an analytical tool in morphology, the grammarians divided appended words into several types according to the number of the radicals in their roots and the type of ziyāda that is involved, and tried to justify forms and patterns with reference to a set of detailed rules which they elaborately describe. This paper deals with the issues the grammarians tackle in their study of ilḥāq, such as its purpose, the possibility of analogically extending its examples, and the inapplicability of idġām (gemination) to its patterns. It also examines how the grammarians use ilḥāq to reduce considerably the number of morphological patterns that form a closed system, to explain away anomalous and rare patterns, and thus to limit deviation from the norm (qiyās) and to test the validity of a host of morphological issues.
The Second-Century Šīʿite Ġulāt: Were They Really Gnostic?
Authors: Bayhom-Daou Tamima
Published: March 2019

This paper questions the suggestion of our sources that gnostic currents had already appeared among Šīʿites by the early second/eighth century. It contends that gnosticism did not surface in Šīʿism until the third/ninth century and that our information on its existence among second-century Šīʿites is the result of retrospective ascription to groups and individuals who, on account of their (real or alleged) messianic beliefs, had already been identified by moderate Imāmīs as ġulāt. That information would have served to distance Imāmism and its imāms from gnostic teachings by associating those teachings with repudiated figures from the past. The paper examines evidence showing that in his work on firaq Hišām b. al-Ḥakam (d. 179/795) was not aware of the existence of gnostic ideas in Šīʿism. Other examined evidence also shows that references to gnostic ġuluww are conspicuous by their absence from sources on Šīʿism that are datable to before the third/ ninth century.
Iran and Political Modernisation in the Nineteenth Century: Parliamentarianism, Constitutionalism and Feminism in the Newspaper "Ṣūr-i Isrāfīl"
Authors: Bashir Hassan
Published: March 2019

The Constitutional Revolution in Iran (1906–11) was of momentous significance for the evolution of various social and political concepts that were mainly rooted in Western ideologies. During the period of this revolution the face of Iran was changed. The flourishing of free and autonomous newspapers was one of the main features of the period. The contribution of these newspapers to the social and political development of Iran and the modernisation of the realm was more obvious than that of other factors that were changing the traditional society of the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. Ṣūr-i Isrāfīl, the most influential and independent newspaper of the time, played an essential part in the process of modernisation. This article attempts to examine the role of the newspaper by analysing relevant texts published in it during the period and identifying the elements they mediated that were important to the process of change.
Arabic Key Consonants
Authors: Bar-Lev Zev
Published: March 2019

This article outlines an approach to lexicon in Arabic linguistics, with special implications for teaching Arabic as a foreign language. Its basic insight is that individual initial consonants have their own meanings. On a theoretical level, this key-consonant system offers a pervasive theoretical insight about the structure of a lexicon, and the nature of lexical acquisition; and on a practical level, it offers a powerful key to learning vocabulary in L2—which in turn may offer the best possible validation of the theoretical claim. It is here related to insights in linguistic theory on the submorpheme (and analogical modeling); in L2 learning, such submorphemes can help make learning of vocabulary easier, and sometimes even make it possible to guess the meanings of new roots in context. An additional implication for the history of Semitic linguistics is also drawn, proposing to bring back into Semitic linguistics a set of insights that had been “banished” from the mainstream with the advent of “scientific” Semitic grammar over a thousand years ago. On the other hand, we will draw a sharp distinction between the proposal and biconsonantal root theory, with which it might be confused on first impression.
The Development of Future markers in Arabic and the Nile Nubian Languages
Authors: Abdel-Hafiz Ahmed-Sokarno
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the rise of the grammatical elements of simple future in the Nile Nubian languages (i.e., Kenzi and Fadicca) and Arabic (i.e., Standard Arabic and Cairene Colloquial Arabic). Using grammaticalization as a frame of reference, I attempt to determine the sources, the mechanisms and processes involved in the development of the grammatical elements in these languages. In addition, the study sheds light on the points of similarity and difference between these languages as far as the rise of future expression is concerned.
La Disjonction de la Voix Narrative et la Manipulation de la Vraisemblance dans "Le Rocher de Tanios" d'Amin Maalouf
Authors: Marteinson Peter
Published: March 2019

This investigation of the narrative voice in Maalouf’s Prix-Goncourt winning novel Le Rocher de Tanios observes the manner in which the multiplicity of enunciators, in the form of secondary narrators “cited” intertextually by the primary narrator, engenders a subtle play upon points of view, epochs, and cultural outlooks, an artifice which lends the novel a breadth in its generic status and veridictory grounding. It manages to be both an entirely possible, realistic narrative, and a fantastical legend, in which the “strange and the marvelous”, in the words of one of the secondary narrators, form a counterpoint against the rigorous historical research of the primary narrative. The result is a tale in which the appearance of a coherent and inevitable progression of providence melds with a capricious logic of chance events. The work raises the question of fiction and history and answers yes to each one; it is not only a fiction aspiring to verisimilitude, but conversely, it is also an actual history transformed into a novel – into the sort of novel that leads the reader to question his sense of truth and falsehood.
Tokens of Resentment: Medieval Arabic Narratives about Gift Exchange and Social Conflict
Authors: Sharlet Jocelyn
Published: March 2019

Stories about gift exchange can confirm individual relationships and communal bonds, but they can also articulate social conflict. This analysis focuses primarily on stories in the first of two extant monographic compilations on gift exchange, the tenth-century Book of Rarities and Gifts by the Khālidiyyān, and concludes with a story from the anonymous eleventh-century Book of Treasures and Rarities. It explores expressions of social conflict through the features of rhetorical focal points, silence, communication at a distance, and the incongruity between fine gifts and tense situations. The discussion examines social conflict by following the development of main characters in other stories. These features of gift exchange stories suggest an interest in emotional experience, and the relationships among different stories about the same person imply an interest in character development. The pleasant practice of gift exchange offers a counterpoint to and a commentary on social conflicts.
The ʿUbāda B. al-Ṣāmit Tradition at the Crossroads of Methodology
Authors: Pavlovitch Pavel
Published: March 2019

During the past few decades Western studies of the origin of Islam have made considerable advances in assessing sources which have long been considered a repository of exegetic, legal and historical material about the first centuries of Islam. Growing scepticism towards the Islamic foundation narratives and the traditional accounts of Islamic history undermined the notion that, unlike other religions, Islam “was born in the full light of history” and “its roots are on the surface” (A. Renan). The study of the first centuries of Islam has thus become the focus of clashing methodologies, often yielding conflicting accounts on how, when and where Islam emerged. While studying Muslim traditions (ḥadīths), Western Islamicists expressed varying opinions about reliability of lines of narrative transmission (isnāds), which, according to the traditional Muslim view, control the authenticity of the information included in the substantive part of the tradition (matn). One pole of the spectrum is represented by scholars who reject the link between the isnād and the matn. For them, the isnād is a fictitious authentication device that does not give any information about the historical development of the narrative. These scholars prefer to study the relationship between topically affiliated narratives, whence they derive information about the chronological development of the concepts conveyed by these narratives (literary analysis). The other part of the spectrum varies in the degree of acceptance of the isnāds. Nevertheless, these scholars generally agree that, provided certain methodological stipulations are met, a considerable part of the transmission line is authentic and correctly represents the ways through which the traditions were transmitted. With certain qualifications, the method of scholars who accept the isnād may be described as isnād-cum-matn analysis. In this article, I study the famous ʿUbāda tradition dealing with the punishment for adultery and fornication (zinā). First, I follow the historical development of the tradition by means of literary analysis. Then I apply to the same tradition the principles of isnād-cum-matn analysis. Although different in their treatment of the ḥadīth material, the two approaches are shown as capable of yielding results that are not mutually exclusive.
“Mirrors of Alienation”: West Bank Palestinian Women’s Literature after Oslo
Authors: Gottesfield Dorit
Published: March 2019

This article examines what characterizes the writing of three prominent young women writers from the West Bank whose work was published in the period following the first intifada and the Oslo accords: Hālah al-Bakrī from East Jerusalem, Amānī al-Junaydī from Hebron, and ʿĀʾishah ʿŪdah from Ramallah.The article shows how those new generation authors succeed in diverging from the ideological style of writing that was characteristic of the West Bank’s women writers who preceded them, while continuing to “exploit” their geographical location and voice the unique reality of life in the West Bank. It shows how these writers gaze as women (“others”) upon the reality and how they create an alternative version of reality and also of the past.
Famous Last Words: The Maqātil of the Zubayrids in Medieval Islamic Histories
Authors: Campbell Sandra S.
Published: March 2019

Death scenes, or maqātil, were used by early Muslim historians to convey the meaning of lives, and to show the righteousness or sinfulness of the historical figures they were reporting about. Careful historians, such as al-ṬABARĪ or al-BALĀDHURĪ, eschewed the most obviously legendary tales, but seem to have exercised leniency when recounting death scenes. Using accounts of the deaths of ʿA Allā al- a a i t M ʿab b. al-Zubayr, I argue that the death scenes of these men reflect anxiety later Muslims felt about fighting undertaken by the ṣaḥāba and tābiʿūn, forebears whom later Sunnis took as exemplars even though they had participated in civil wars against other Sunni figures. Both of these men died fighting for a cause that they likely deemed righteous, which raised the question of martyrdom. Could they be considered martyrs when they had died fighting other Muslims? Their death scenes indicate that these men at least died nobly, heroically fighting for their cause. Whatever their status in the next life, in their death scenes, they are given voices, posthumous though they might be, with which to preserve their memories in an edifying and morally uplifting fashion, and to hint at their ultimate fates.
Educative Tradition and Islamic Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Tan Charleen
Published: March 2019

An Islamic school that subscribes to an educative tradition is essentially one that sees compatibility between the inculcation of religious values and the acquisition of ‘modern’ knowledge and dispositions. This article argues that most Islamic schools in Indonesia reside in an educative tradition as evident in three main ways. First, most Islamic schools in Indonesia are keen to obtain knowledge from both religious subjects and modern ‘secular’ subjects. Secondly, an increasing number of Islamic schools have incorporated student-centred pedagogies so that their students do not simply learn by rote or memorisation. Thirdly, many Islamic schools provide a variety of student activities to develop the students’ life skills and leadership abilities so as to encourage their students to internalise and put into practice the principles and values they have learnt. Notwithstanding its promotion of an educative tradition, many Islamic schools in Indonesia face a perennial challenge in infusing Islamic principles and values into the teaching of modern ‘secular’ subjects.Keywords: Curricula, educative tradition, Indonesia, Islam, Islamic schools, pedagogy
Die Wortstellung des Subjekts „Gott“ im Koran
Authors: Dror Yehudit
Published: March 2019

In diesem Aufsatz wird ein Aspekt der Frage Wortstellung im Koran behandelt und zwar die Stellung des Subjekts ’allāh und rabb in den einfachen Verbalsätzen im Koran. Um die bestehenden Wortstellungstypen darzustellen, werden die Sätze in drei Gruppen klassifiziert: Klassifikation nach Verb- und Aktions-art, Klassifikation nach der Satzart und Klassifikation nach Satzeinleitungspartikeln. Insgesamt konnten vier Ursachen erarbeitet werden, die zu den verschiedenen Wortstellungen führen: Tempus und Aspekt, unterschiedliche Funktionen der Partikeln und der Pronomina, sowie rhetorische Zwecke und Betonung.This article examines one aspect of word order in the Qurʼān, which is the position of the subjects ’allah and rabb in simple verbal sentences. To present the word order types existing in the Qurʼān, the sentences were classified in three groups: the verb’s type and its aspect (aktionsart), the sentence type, and the type of the particle preceding the sentence. Four factors affecting the word order were found: time and aspect, different functions of a specific particle, rhetorical purposes, and emphasis.
The Forgotten Rational Thinking in the Ḥanbalite Thought With Special Reference to Ibn Taymiyya
Authors: Hakim Ajhar A.
Published: March 2019

The reputation of Ḥanbalite thinkers among academicians is one of an aggressive opponent to other Islamic fields of thought. They refute the scholars of Muslim theology, philosophy and mysticism on the basis of pure Islamic faith, represented they believe by the pious ancestors (al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ). According to the Ḥanbalites, true Islamic belief can only be derived from the Qurʾan, the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad and the first generation of companions. Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH/1328 CE), the subject of this discussion belonged to the Ḥanbalite school of thought in Islam and was regarded as their most prominent representative. He has indeed come to be known as the father of the salafī 1 doctrine.Key words: Ḥanbalite, Ibn Taymiyya, Islamic philosophy, Qur’an, sunna, generation (ḥudūth), divine will and knowledge, kalam, God’s essence, reason, eternal creation, God’s attributes, genera and species, Ashʿarite and Muʿtazilite.
Liwāṭ : « agir comme le peuple de Loth… », Formation et interprétation lexicales en arabe classique
Authors: Larcher Pierre
Published: March 2019

According to early Arab lexicographers, the Koranic personage of Lūṭ (the biblical Loth) is at the origin of a lexical family of Classical Arabic. The object of the present article is to reflect, as a linguist, on the formation and interpretation of each member of this rather large family, whose core is liwāṭ. Besides two nouns directly derived from Lūṭ, it includes several verbs formed thereon as well as a number of nominal forms associated with such verbs. The scope of this case study lies in calling into question the formal and semantic relations currently regarded as the best established in the field of lexical derivation in Classical Arabic.Key-words: Classical Arabic ; lexicology ; derivation from proper nouns ; word-formation ; lexical semantics
Rebellion in a World of Totalitarianism Sharīf Ḥatātah’s Novel "The Eye with an Iron Lid"
Authors: Elimelekh Geula
Published: March 2019

Political freedom in the Arab world and rebellion against it underpin the novel al-ʿAyn dhāt al-jafn al-maʿdanī (The Eye with an Iron Lid, 1980) by Egyptian author Sharīf Ḥatātah (1923– ). This novel set in 1940s Egypt, a decade of national and social ferment, harshly criticizes British colonialism and the Egyptian governments of the time. The narrative depicts the struggle of the Egyptian national movement as well as the brutal denial of political and individual freedoms that led to the July 1952 revolution. The novel is profoundly autobiographical, and Ḥatātah’s life story as a doctor, writer and political activist depicted in his al-Nawāfidh al-maftūḥah (The Open Windows, 2006) contributesvaluable background. A wide-ranging analysis of the author and his novel embraces comparative literature, especially within the Arabic prison literature genre, recent critical studies, the existentialphilosophy of Albert Camus and the psychological elements of fear of death, loneliness and persecution. At its root the article spotlights the adage, the people’s fear of the leadership and the leadership’s fear of the people, that drives so much of contemporary Middle Eastern conflict and oppression.Keywords: Sharīf Ḥatātah, The Eye with an Iron Lid, Arabic prison literature, Egyptian literature, ModernEgyptian history, totalitarianism
From Expulsion to Readmission: Ibn ʾAbī Ḥafṣa’s Rhetorical Technique at the ʿAbbāsid Court
Authors: BinMayaba Mustafa
Published: March 2019

At the ʿAbbāsid court, the caliph was in need of a poet who could project an image of himself as the legitimate Muslim ruler. Poets, on the other hand, were in need of a caliph who could bestow gifts upon them in return for their panegyrics. However, this caliph-poet relationship was extremely sensitive to shifts and shocks in politics and poetics that could render the poet a persona non grata at court. Relying primarily on Suzanne STETKEVYCH’s formulation of the complex relationship between poet and patron in classical Arabic history, this paper will analyze the rhetorical techniques that poets who had been rejected by the caliphate court later employed in their efforts to (re)gain their position. Ṭaraqatka zāʼiratan (“She Came to You in a Dream, Out of the Blue, as a Visitor”) by Marwān b. ʾAbī Ḥafṣa (d. 798 C.E.), will serve as a model of successful rhetorical technique. This analysis will reveal how Ibn ʾAbī Ḥafṣa’s panegyric ode, in its structure, language and imagery, was able to obtain for the poet not only reentry into the caliphate court but also a lavish reward from the caliph.Keywords: Literature, Allusion, Panegyric, Ibn ʾAbī Ḥafṣa, Legitimacy, ʿAbbāsid Caliphate
Towards Understanding the Status of the Dual in Pre-Islamic Arabic
Authors: Al-Sharkawi Muhammad
Published: March 2019

This article suggests that the dual suffix in pre-Islamic Arabic did not differentiate for case. Tamīm, one of the most trustworthy pre-Islamic dialects, treated the dual suffix invariably although it had a full case system. There are also tokens of the same invariable treatment in the Qurʾān. The article proposes that the suffix long vowel variation due to the phenomenon of ʾimāla makes the formal origin of the invariable dual suffix difficult to ascribe to the East and Northwest Semitic oblique dual allomorph.Keywords: Dual, pre-Islamic Arabic, ʾimāla, Classical Arabic, vowel harmony.
Who Was ʿUmar ibn Sayyid? A Critical Reevaluation of the Translations and Interpretations of the Life
Authors: Tamplin William Costel
Published: March 2019

Recent criticism of the Life (1831) of ʿUmar ibn Sayyid has sought to overturn prior assumptions that ʿUmar was a Christian convert and a content slave to prove that ʿUmar was a crypto-Muslim and an aboli-tionist. This criticism posits the existence of esoteric “concealed utterances” available to the initiated reader throughout ʿUmar’s autobiography as evidence of his abiding Islam and opposition to slavery in general and his enslavement in particular. This paper reexamines the translations and interpretations of ʿUmar ibn Sayyid’s Life to demonstrate how little about him we can know given his poor command of classical Ara-bic, the second language in which he wrote his autobiography. Through a reexamination of ʿUmar’s auto-biography in light of 1) the political history of West Africa, 2) his relationship to classical Arabic and to language in general, and 3) a survey of the scholarship that verifiable mistranslations of his Life have gen-erated, I will demonstrate that ʿUmar’s poor command of Arabic makes drawing conclusions about his ideas about enslavement and Islam nearly impossible.Key words: Slave narrative, Arabic, translation, Islam, second language attrition, United States
One Piece of the Puzzle: Notes on the Historic Interdental Fricatives /θ, ð, ðˁ/ in the Arabic Dialect of Gaza City
Authors: Cotter William M.
Published: March 2019

Although a great deal has been written about the Gaza Strip within the fields of political science, history, and international relations, very little linguistic research has been conducted in the coastal territory. This study aims at filling one gap in the linguistic record of Gaza through an examination of one set of phonemes, the Arabic interdentals /θ, ð, ðˁ/, in the dialect of Gaza City. The results of this study suggest that the present day dialect of Gaza City is largely in line with the earliest report on the realization of the interdentals as reported by BERGSTRÄßER (1915), contrasting data presented in later published work by SALONEN (1979, 1980).Key words: Arabic dialectology, Levantine Arabic, Palestine, Gaza, classification, urban
The Universe and the Womb: Generation, Conception, and the Stars in Islamic Medieval Astrological and Medical Texts
Authors: Saif Lana
Published: March 2019

This article looks at the assimilation of Aristotle’s account of ‘coming-to-be’ into conception theories found in Islamic medieval medical and astrological texts. It analyzes the way the four causes work on the level of the universe and that of the womb, and examines the reconciliation of ideas on planetary influence with the Galenic and Aristotelian theories of conception. The Arabic astrological theories that explain the re-ceptiveness of human beings to astral influences provide the conceptual link between the macrocosmic and microcosmic processes. Conception becomes an individualization of the coming-to-be of species, and the stars act as agents of actuality in both processes.Key words: Conception, generation, semen, astral influences, causality, embryo
b - Cairo: Personal Reflections on Enduring Daily Life
Authors: Abaza Mona
Published: March 2019

(No abstract available)
d - “A Dark Comedy”: Perceptions of the Egyptian Present between Reality and Fiction
Authors: Chiti Elena
Published: March 2019

(No abstract available)
e - The Construction of "Tunisianity" through Sociolinguistic Practives: From the Tunisian Independence to 2016
Authors: Guellouz Mariem
Published: March 2019

(Article coming soon)
Post-Biblical Jewish Sources in al-Maqrīzī’s Historiography - Whence His Knowledge?
Authors: Mazuz Haggai
Published: March 2019

In his Kitāb al-Mawāʿiẓ wa’l-Iʿtibār fī Ḏikr al-Ḫiṭaṭ wa’l-Āṯār, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī (1364–1442 CE) includes several chapters that draw on post-Biblical Jewish texts, inter alia. The academic literature has very little to say about the presentation that al-Maqrīzī thus creates. To correct this lacuna, this article illuminates al-Maqrīzī’s exposure to and use of Rabbinic and Midrashic sources by offering examples of remarks in his writings that appear to have come from such sources—directly, through the mediation of Muslim scholarship, or in an in-between manner. Several conjectures about the origins of his knowledge are offered.Key words: Midrash, al-Maqrīzī, al-Ḫiṭaṭ, Rabbanites, Karaites, Jews of Egypt
Some Verses by Ḥassān b. Ṯābit al-Anṣārī Not Included in His "Dīwān"
Authors: Mascitelli Daniele
Published: March 2019

Many poems and fragmentary verses have been ascribed to Ḥassān b. Ṯabit al-Anṣārī (d. ca. 40/659). In some sources of Southern-Arabian cultural or political orientation—as al-Hamdānī’s Kitāb al-Iklīl, the commentary to Našwān al-Ḥimyarī’s Qaṣīda al-ḥimyariyya, and particularly the anonymous Waṣāyā almulūk (occasionally ascribed to al-Aṣmaʿī or to al-Ḫuzāʿī)—about fifty lines by Ḥassān are found which are not recorded in his “official” dīwān. Here a brief investigation is conducted in order to reconstruct the poems which could be ascribed either to Ḥassān b. Ṯābit or one of his forgers. A collation of those same verses is then presented together with an English translation.Keywords: Arabic poetry; Ḥassān b. Ṯābit; qaṣīda.
(a) Which differences? Notes for a project on Sicilian and Andalusian grammarians
Authors: Cassarino Mirella , Ghersetti Antonella
Published: March 2019

No abstract available.
(d) The "Maǧmūʿa min šiʿr al-Mutanabbī wa-ġawāmiḍihi" by Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ al-Ṣiqillī: A Morphological and Lexical Analysis
Authors: La Rosa Cristina
Published: March 2019

The Maǧmūʿa min šiʿr al-Mutanabbī wa-ġawāmiḍihi, the ‘Collection of some verses of al-Mutanabbī and its unclear points’, composed by the renowned Sicilian grammarian ʿAlī b. Ǧaʿfar Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ (d. 515/1121 A. D.) was edited for the first time by Umberto Rizzitano in 1955 and then by Muḥsin Ġayyāḍ in 1977, but it has never been studied from a morphological and lexical point of view. This paper sets out to assess the contribution of Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ to grammatical and philological studies in the Siculo-Andalusi context. In particular, this study focuses on some morphological issues presented by the Sicilian Grammarian, such as ilḥāq (BAALBAKI 2002, 2008), taḫfīf (BAALBAKI 2008), the structures of the demonstrative pronouns and the ismu l-fāʿil. Moreover, some verses of which Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ gives a lexical/semantic commentary will be analyzed. To highlight Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ’s contribution to grammatical theory, the excerpts proposed will be compared to Ibn Ǧinnī and al-Iflīlī’s commentaries on al-Mutanabbī’s poems.Keywords: Arabic Grammatical Theory, Arabic Linguistics, Morphology, Lexicon, Sicily, al-Andalus
(e) Embattled Minority In-Between Minorities: An Analysis of British and German Salafi Anti-Jihadi Campaigns
Authors: Shavit Uriya
Published: March 2019

Based on an analysis of 150 documents collected between 2012 and 2015 from bookstores, websites and YouTube channels operated by Salafi mosques and organisations in Britain and Germany, this article discusses the different strategies adopted in European Salafi discourse in an effort to disassociate salafiyya from al-Qaeda, ISIS and other Jihadi-Salafi movements. The article suggests that the target audience of these rebuttals are Western governments and publics, who suspect salafiyya to be a breeding-ground for terror, as well as mosque attendees, who are exposed to jihadi-salafi denunciations of Salafi anti-politics and anti-violence agendas. It introduces the diverse set of arguments invoked by Salafis to defend their opposition to violent attacks on Western soil, including the religious duties to abide by contracts, respect Islamic rules of warfare and the regulations on initiating jihad, avoid harming the interests of Muslims and of Islam in Europe, and oppose modern-day Khawarij of whom the Prophet Muḥammad warned.Key words: Islam in Europe, salafiyya, jihadi-salafiyya, al-Qaeda, ISIS
(f) Muslim Emigration to the West: The Jurisprudence of the Saudi Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Fatwas
Authors: De Angelo Carlo
Published: March 2019

Currently there are about 43 million Muslims in Europe, 20 million of whom are in the Western part of the continent. The birth of these pockets of Muslim groups is mainly due to migration, motivated essentially by economic reasons. For this reason, some Muslims turn to jurists (fuqahāʼ) to learn if the migration they intend to undertake or have already undertaken to Western countries can be considered licit (ḥalāl) or not, under the Islamic law. For an answer to this question, some Muslims consulted the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Fatwas, whose members belong to the Pietist current of the Salafi movement. The objective of this article is to analyze all the fatwas passed by such a Committee in response to questions posed. My analysis has evidenced the fact that, according to this Committee, a Muslim is obliged to reside exclusively in an Islamic territory (dār al-islām), and forbidden to migrate to the West, due to the fact that it is considered land of the disbelievers (dār al-kufr). However, the Committee has accepted some exceptions to this rule: for example, a Muslim is allowed to migrate to non-Islamic territories to spread the word of God (daʻwa), to study or to work.Key words: Pietist Salafism, Emigration, Dār al-islām, Dār al-kufr, West, Saudi Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Fatwas
(b) On Some Arabic Roots and Their Etymological Relevance
Authors: Wellnhofer Zeus
Published: March 2019

One of the features of Arabic is the distinction between the pharyngeals ʕ / ḥ and the velar/uvular fricatives ġ / ḫ. The present article will focus on a number of Arabic roots containing one of these four consonants. Such a comparison may contribute to further investigations concerning the following two objectives: First of all, to consider the possibility of loanwords in early Arabic, or Semitic, that might explain the existence of two different roots with similar meaning. And, secondly, to take into account the possibility of semantic interference between different roots. Moreover, the question of semantic interference and inner-Semitic loans deserves some attention due to its relevance for etymological considerations.Key words: Etymology, semantic interference, loanwords, Arabic, Gəʿəz, Hebrew, Syriac
(f) Notes on the Emergence of New Semitic Roots in the Light of Compounding
Authors: Edzard Lutz
Published: March 2019

Independently of the question as to whether bi- or triradical roots have historical preponderance in Semitic, there are clear cases of Semitic verbal and nominal roots that have emerged through a process of compounding or integration of additional elements (verbal or nominal affixes and even prepositions). In this paper, an attempt will be made to establish a hierarchical typology of such processes of morphophonological re-analysis, in both historical and modern times.Key words: affix, re-analysis, root, compounding
(g) The Arabic Lexicographer Ibn Sīdah and the Notion of Semantic Field
Authors: Grande Francesco
Published: March 2019

Etymological investigation may resort to the semantic field in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the cultural aspects that underlie the origin and historical development of a given word. Modern scholars tend to regard the semantic field as a notion developed in Western linguistic thought around the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth century. However, Arabists tend to assume that this notion was already known in the Arabic lexicographical tradition. The present paper empirically grounds this idea in three conceptual steps. First, it clarifies the modern Western notion of semantic field by investigating the theoretical contexts in which such a notion evolved, morphing into different manifestations. Second, it focuses on the dictionaries al-Muḥkam and al-Mukhaṣṣaṣ authored by the Andalusian lexicographer Ibn Sīdah (d. 458/1066) and offers a close reading of some of the passages in which Ibn Sīdah reflects on the notion of bāb. Finally, it draws a narrow parallel between bāb and a mid-nineteenth-century manifestation of the Western notion of semantic field.Key words: bāb, Ibn Sīdah, lexicography, semantic field
(h) Etymology and Polysemy: A Non-Objectivist Approach to the Domain of Vision in the Semitic Languages
Authors: Işık Gizem
Published: March 2019

This article is an exemplary study of semantic change of polysemous words in Arabic and Semitic languages. Since words do not change their meanings by mere coincidence or acquire new ones randomly, the study of the historical evidence of groupings according to related senses can show how multiple functions of a word are related to each other and which role cognitive structuring plays in the acquisition of new senses. To show that mental categories can explain the relations of the different usages of a single word I am adopting a cognitive approach. Metaphorical change within polysemous words in the domain of vision will serve as a case in point. Following SWEETSER (1990), I will look into the historical evidence of visionrelated verbs in Arabic and their equivalents in the Semitic languages.Key words: Etymology, lexical semantic change, polysemy, cognitive linguistics, visual metaphor
(h) Dual identities / Masking
Authors: Guth Stephan
Published: March 2019

No abstract available.
Le soufisme New Age des salles de yoga
Authors: Chams Dalia
Published: March 2019

In trendy yoga studios, a new type of Sufism practice is flourishing in Egypt, that we can call New Age Sufism. It’s merging traditional Sufi practices as ḏikr, with Zen meditation and yoga breathing techniques. People who attend this kind of sessions are more or less highly ranked; they are looking for another way to reach serenity and inner peace, to avoid post-revolution stress.This paper aims to analyse this kind of practice by first describing a Sufi meditation session, in order to explain how it creates a new type of Sufism New Age, more universal and not linked to a religion in particular. Then, it sheds light on the target group this neo-Sufism is attracting and the reasons behind these practises. At the end, the paper emphasises other related aspects of this phenomenon in the cultural field.
Patterns in the history of the commentation on the so-called ḥadīth Ibn Masʿūd
Authors: Eich Thomas
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes the so-called Ibn Masʿūd ḥadīth (see below) on two levels: the specific wording of the ḥadīth on the one hand and a significant portion of the commentation written about it since the 10th century until today on the other. This aims at three things. First, I will show how the ḥadīth’s exact wording still developed after the stabilization of the material in collections. Although this development occurred only on the level of single words, it can be shown that it is a reflection of discussions documented in the commentaries. Therefore, these specific examples show that there was not always a clear line separating between ḥadīth text and commentaries on that text. Second, the diachronic analysis of the commentaries will provide material for a nuanced assessment in how far major icons of commentation such as Nawawī and Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī significantly influenced following generations in composing their respective commentaries. Third, I will argue that in the specific case study provided here significant changes in the commentation can be witnessed since the second half of the 19th century which are caused by the spread of basic common medical knowledge in that period.
Espaces et identités transformés / transformants: L’entre-deux dans Fī l-Ṭufūla de ʿAbd al-Maǧīd Ben Ǧallūn
Authors: Denooz Laurence
Published: March 2019

Résumé: Au croisement de la sémiotique des passions de Greimas et Baroni, de la théorie de la configuration appliquée par Paul Ricoeur à la temporalité et de l’écogenèse territoriale de Claude Raffestin, l’analyse narratologique de Fī l-ṭufūla vise à démontrer que l’espace dans lequel s’inscrivent les souvenirs du narrateur est un acteur de la construction identitaire du petit protagoniste entre deux cultures et, réciproquement, subit l’action de reconfiguration et de recomposition mise en oeuvre par les souvenirs des sentiments qu’ils évoquent encore en l’adulte qu’il est devenu.Abstract: Based on the semiotics of passions (Greimas and Baroni), the theory of configuration (Paul Ricoeur) and territorial ecogonenesis (Claude Raffestin), the narratological analysis of Fī l-ṭufūla strives to demonstrate that the space of memories of narrator is an actor in the identity construction of the protagonist between two cultures and, conversely, undergoes the action of reconfiguration and recomposition implemented by the memory of the feelings of the protagonist.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Added Resistance on Ship in Waves
Authors: Kim Yonghwan , Park Dong-Min , Lee Jae-Hoon , Lee Jaehoon , Kim Byung-Soo , Yang Kyung-Kyu , Oh Semyun , Lee Dong-Yeon
Published: March 2019

In this study, the added resistance of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) in the presence of waves is studied experimentally and numerically. The ship model is an LNGC designed by Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI). Experiments on ship motion responses and added resistance under head sea conditions were conducted at the Seoul National University and SHI. The influences of the experimental methods (captive and self-propulsion methods), incident wave amplitude, and regular and irregular wave conditions on the added resistance are evaluated using the same model ship set at different scales. In the numerical studies, the motion responses and added resistance are obtained using three methods—the strip method by adopting momentum conservation; Rankine panel method using pressure integration; and computational fluid dynamics method, using the difference in the resistances in waves and calm water. The experimental and numerical results under various conditions are compared, and the characteristics of the experimental and numerical results are discussed.

1. Introduction

Unlike the resistance in calm water, additional resistance occurs because of winds, waves, current, and for other reasons in a seaway. This aforementioned resistance, caused by environmental conditions, is called an added resistance. Among the various types, the added resistance caused by water waves is investigated in this study.
Patient Experiences With Oral Chemotherapy: Adherence, Symptoms, and Quality of Life
Authors: Jacobs Jamie M. , Ream Molly E. , Pensak Nicole , Nisotel Lauren E. , Fishbein Joel N. , MacDonald James J. , Buzaglo Joanne , Lennes Inga T. , Safren Steven A. , Pirl William F. , Temel Jennifer S. , Greer Joseph A.
Published: March 2019

Background:Oral therapies are increasingly common in oncology care. However, data are lacking regarding the physical and psychologic symptoms patients experience, or how these factors relate to medication adherence and quality of life (QoL).Materials and Methods:From December 2014 through August 2016, a total of 181 adult patients who were prescribed oral targeted therapy or chemotherapy enrolled in a randomized study of adherence and symptom management at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. Patients completed baseline assessments of adherence with electronic pill cap, QoL, symptom severity, mood, social support, fatigue, and satisfaction with clinicians and treatment. Relationships among these factors were examined using Pearson product-moment correlations and multivariable linear regression.Results:At baseline, the mean electronic pill cap adherence rate showed that patients took 85.57% of their oral therapy. The most commonly reported cancer-related symptoms were fatigue (88.60%), drowsiness (76.50%), disturbed sleep (68.20%), memory problems (63.10%), and emotional distress (60.80%). Patients who reported greater cancer-related symptom severity had lower adherence (r= −0.20). In a multivariable regression, greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, worse fatigue, less social support, lower satisfaction with clinicians and treatment, and higher symptom burden were associated with worse QoL (F[10, 146]=50.53; adjustedR2=0.77). Anxiety symptoms were most strongly associated with clinically meaningful decrements in QoL (β= −7.10; SE=0.22).Conclusions:Patients prescribed oral therapies struggle with adherence, and cancer-related symptom burden is high and related to worse adherence and QoL. Given perceptions that oral therapies are less impairing, these data underscore the strong need to address adherence issues, symptom burden, and QoL for these patients.
Oncogenic Addiction to ERBB2 Signaling Predicts Response to Trastuzumab in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Karass Michael , Bareja Rohan , Shelkey Ethan , Vlachostergios Panagiotis J. , Robinson Brian D. , Khani Francesca , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Scherr Douglas S. , Sboner Andrea , Tagawa Scott T. , Molina Ana M. , Elemento Olivier , Nanus David M. , Faltas Bishoy M.
Published: March 2019

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common and frequently lethal cancer. Despite the presence of genomic alterations creating dependency on particular signaling pathways, the use of targeted therapies in advanced and metastatic UC has been limited. We performed an integrated analysis of whole-exome and RNA sequencing of primary and metastatic tumors in a patient with platinum-resistant UC. We found a strikingly high ERBB2 mRNA expression and enrichment of downstream oncogenic ERBB2 signaling in this patient’s tumors compared with tumors from an unselected group of patients with UC (N=17). This patient had an exceptional sustained response to trastuzumab. Our findings show that oncogenic addiction to ERBB2 signaling potentially predicts response to ERBB2-directed therapy of UC.
Transcriptome sequencing of olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction of large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea) in response to bile salts
Authors: Hu Jiabao , Wang Yajun , Le Qijun , Yu Na , Cao Xiaohuan , Kuang Siwen , Zhang Man , Gu Weiwei , Sun Yibo , Yang Yang , Yan Xiaojun
Published: March 2019

Fish produce and release bile salts as chemical signalling substances that act as sensitive olfactory stimuli. To investigate how bile salts affect olfactory signal transduction in large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea), deep sequencing of olfactory epithelium was conducted to analyse olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction. Sodium cholates (SAS) have typical bile salt chemical structures, hence we used four different concentrations of SAS to stimulateL. crocea, and the fish displayed a significant behavioural preference for 0.30% SAS. We then sequenced olfactory epithelium tissues, and identified 9938 unigenes that were significantly differentially expressed between SAS-stimulated and control groups, including 9055 up-regulated and 883 down-regulated unigenes. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses found eight categories linked to the olfactory transduction pathway that was highly enriched with some differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the olfactory receptor (OR), Adenylate cyclase type 3 (ADCY3) and Calmodulin (CALM). Genes in these categories were analysed by RT-qPCR, which revealed aspects of the pathway transformation between odor detection, and recovery and adaptation. The results provide new insight into the effects of bile salt stimulation in olfactory molecular mechanisms in fishes, and expands our knowledge of olfactory transduction, and signal generation and decline.
Effect of Zinc Fertilizer Application on Growth Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice
Authors: Ali Md. Ibrahim , Islam M. A. , Khaliq Q. A. , Rouf M. A.
Published: March 2019

Field experiment was carried out at the field of Department of Agronomy, BSMRAU campus, Gazipur, of Bangladesh during aman season (July-October) of 2017 to study the effect of zinc fertilizer application on growth, yield and zinc partitioning in three rice varieties: (BRRI dhan 56, BRRI dhan 57 and BRRI dhan 62) at three levels of zinc fertilization, no application of zinc, 10and 20 kg Zn ha-1. The highest leaf area indices of 3.15 in BRRI dhan 56, and 3.27 in BRRI dhan 57 were recorded with the application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 at 75 DAT and 3.28 in BRRI dhan 62 with 20 kg Zn ha-1. Through the growth period the SPAD value was the maximum at 10 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57 and in BRRI dhan 62 at 20 kg Zn ha-1. The highest CGR, RGR, NAR were recorded at 10 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57, and at 20 kg ha-1 in BRRI dhan 62.Zinc fertilizer at 10 kg Zn ha-1significantly increased the number of effective tiller m-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelet’s panicle-1,1000-grain weight, number of filled spikelet’s panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57, and at 20 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 62. It was revealed that the rice varieties BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57 responded to the application of 10 kg Zn ha-1, while BRRI dhan 62 to 20 kg Zn ha-1.Overall results indicates, application of zinc might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield.
Assessing and Managing Risks in Virtual Environments
Authors: Almutairi Mubarak
Published: March 2019

The increase in popularity of electronic transactions has created a necessity to develop and adopt information security systems. As the popularity of e-services has grown, so has the need for effective information security. As such, information needs to be well defined, stored, integrated, transmitted and made available whenever needed in a safe and secure manner. The main goal of the information security process is to protect information confidentiality, integrity and availability. This paper highlights essential and common e-service architectures, who and what is involved in an online transaction, challenges related to online transactions and the role of both individuals and organizations towards successful and secure transactions. A general framework for establishing, assessing, and maintaining a reliable security management system for e-services is suggested. The proposed multilayer framework helps to determine how useful, comprehensive, and adaptive an information security management system actually is. It focuses on determining the critical processes of an information security system and how they can be identified and implemented in real-world situations in order to provide better and more secure protection.
Global Existence and Boundedness of a Two-Competing-Species Chemotaxis Model
Authors: Miao Liangying
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider the following fully parabolic two-competing-species chemotaxis model

$$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\displaystyle u_{1t}=\Delta{u_{1}}-\chi \nabla\cdot(u_{1}\nabla{v_{1}})+\mu_{1}u_{1}(1-u_{1}-e_{1}u_{2}),&x\in\Omega,~ t>0,\\\displaystyle u_{2t}=\Delta{u_{2}}-\xi\nabla\cdot(u_{2}\nabla{v_{2}})+\mu_{2}u_{2}(1-e_{2}u_{1}-u_{2}),&x\in\Omega,~t>0,\\\displaystyle v_{1t}=\Delta{v_{1}}+u_{1}- v_{1},&x\in\Omega,~ t>0, \\\displaystyle v_{2t}=\Delta{v_{2}}+u_{2}- v_{2},&x\in\Omega,~ t>0\end{array}\right.$$

under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where Ω ⊂ ℝn  (n≥3) is a convex bounded domain with smooth boundary. Relying on a comparison principle, we show that the problem possesses a uniqueglobal bounded solution if μ1 and μ2 are large enough.