bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two efficient and stable MMSE detection algorithms for the V‐BLAST system
Authors: Liu T.‐H.
Published: September 2011

For practical consideration, efficient and stable implementation of the promising vertical Bell Labs Layered Space–Time system is highly desirable. The original square‐root algorithm (SRA), proposed by Hassibi, for the minimum mean square error detection, is composed of three stages, that is, initialization, ordering, and nulling. Unlike the original SRA whose initialization stage is not completely based on unitary transformations, the three stages of our proposed algorithm #1 are all based on unitary transformations. The average number of multiplications required by our proposed algorithm #1 is about (29∕10)M3, where both the numbers of transmit and receive antennas are equal to M. In the meantime, the average number of multiplications required by the original SRA is (17∕3)M3. In addition to the stable initialization, ordering, and nulling considered by the proposed algorithm #1, our proposed algorithm #2 considers stable detection. Our proposed algorithm #2 is completely based on Givens rotations, which is to be implemented by COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer‐based hardwares. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using observed structured teaching exercises (OSTE) to enhance hospitalist teaching during family centered rounds
Authors: Ottolini Mary , Wohlberg Rachel , Lewis Karen , Greenberg Larrie
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

“Rounds” are the organizing structure for academic hospitalist‐trainee teams. Family centered rounds (FCR) are endorsed by the Institute of Medicine and by the American Academy of Pediatrics, however, rounds are often conducted in the privacy of the conference room where patients and families are not privy to the decision‐making process used to determine their diagnosis and management. Less than half of pediatric hospitalists reported conducting FCR, citing concerns about inefficiency and diminished teaching.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to design and implement a faculty development program to address the need of hospitalists to efficiently teach during FCR.

DESIGN:

Scoring templates were developed to measure evidence‐based teaching behaviors to optimize orientation, feedback, clinical reasoning, assessing physical exam findings, and promoting resident leadership during FCR. Hospitalists were scored by Standardized Learners and Standardized Parents during 4 Observed Structured Teaching Exercises (OSTEs) before and after focused workshops.

RESULTS:

Fourteen of 14 hospitalist participants had 17 months ± 14 months of experience; 71% were female; none had previous training in the areas proposed in the study. The differences between pre‐ and post‐OSTEs for the 4 stations were statistically significant (P < .0001). Particular improvements were noted in the correction of incorrect clinical reasoning (new patient diagnosis) (56% pre, 86% post) and orientation (65% pre, 95% post).

CONCLUSIONS:

We found incorporating OSTEs into a FCR faculty development program to be an effective strategy for improving faculty teaching behavior. Additional study is needed to determine if this strategy results in sustained improvements in conducting FCRs in real inpatient settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Simultaneous infection of measles and varicella‐zoster virus in a child in India
Authors: Biswas Dipankar , Yadav Kaushal , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: September 2011

Simultaneous occurrence of measles and chickenpox in a single individual is a rare event despite the fact that each of these infections alone is very common. The clinical presentation and molecular characterization of a dual infection caused by measles and Varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV) in a 3‐year female child is reported for the first time from India. The child presented with high fever, cough, cervical lymphadenopathy, and maculopapular rash followed by vesicular skin rash. The child was not immunized against measles and chickenpox. The viral nucleic acids extracted from the clinical specimen were subjected to PCR‐Sequencing for confirmation of a dual infection with measles and VZV. The PCR and sequence analysis from the throat swab samples confirmed the coinfection of wild‐type measles (genotype D4) and Varicella‐Zoster virus (PstI+ BglI+). The measles virus RNA and VZV DNA could be detected successfully from a single specimen of a throat swab. The case recovered uneventfully. Dual infection with measles and VZV does occur but may be underreported in the literature. J. Med. Virol. 83:2004–2007, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HBV DNA suppression in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon or placebo
Authors: Hansen Bettina E. , Rijckborst Vincent , ter Borg Martijn J. , Janssen Harry L.A.
Published: September 2011

The aim of the present study was to compare the decline of HBV DNA during peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) therapy with spontaneous HBV DNA decline in placebo‐treated patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B. A total of 136 patients who participated in a randomized trial were treated with PEG‐IFN alfa‐2b for 52 weeks. These patients were compared with 167 patients who received a placebo for 48 weeks using linear mixed regression analysis. Response was defined as loss of HBeAg at the end of treatment (EOT). Overall, decline of HBV DNA at the EOT was significantly greater in the PEG‐IFN group than in the placebo group (mean decline 2.3 log vs. 1.0 log, P < 0.001) and varied according to HBV genotype. Viral suppression was greater in the PEG‐IFN group from week 4 throughout the entire treatment period (P < 0.001). The response rate was 32% for the PEG‐IFN group and 11% for the placebo group (P < 0.001). Among responders, HBV DNA decline was greater for patients treated with PEG‐IFN than with a placebo: the mean difference in HBV DNA decline was 0.7 log (P = 0.001) at 4 weeks and 2 log (P < 0.001) at the EOT. ALT flares (>5 times the upper limit) were associated with a greater HBV DNA decline during PEG‐IFN. In conclusion, PEG‐IFN therapy resulted in a greater HBV DNA decline in positive HBeAg patients than a placebo. The decline of HBV DNA was greater in patients with HBeAg loss or who exhibited an ALT flare during PEG‐IFN than in patients with spontaneous HBeAg loss or flares during placebo therapy. J. Med. Virol. 83:1917–1923, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy on quality of life and psychological distress in women with a BRCA mutation
Authors: Finch Amy , Metcalfe Kelly A. , Chiang Jaclyn , Elit Lorraine , McLaughlin John , Springate Caitlin , Esplen Mary Jane , Demsky Rochelle , Murphy Joan , Rosen Barry , Narod Steven A.
Published: September 2011

Objectives

The objective of this study was to measure the impact of prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy on health‐related quality of life and psychological distress in women.

Methods

Women who underwent prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy between August 20, 2003 and June 26, 2008 because of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were invited to participate. Participants completed three questionnaires (SF‐12® Health Survey, Brief Symptom Inventory and the Impact of Events Scale) before prophylactic surgery and again 1 year after surgery. Measures of health‐related quality of life, of general psychological distress and of ovarian cancer worry before and after surgery were compared.

Results

Few women who underwent salpingo‐oophorectomy experienced a worsening in physical or mental health functioning after salpingo‐oophorectomy. On average, women experienced less ovarian cancer‐specific worry after surgery; 34.3% experienced moderate to severe ovarian cancer‐specific distress before surgery, compared with 18.6% after surgery.

Conclusions

For most women, physical and mental health‐related quality of life did not deteriorate after prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy, and they were less worried about ovarian cancer. A subset of women continued to experience moderate to severe cancer‐specific distress. Identification of these women is important in order to provide continued counseling and support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic Engineering and Oil Supplementation of Physcomitrella patens for Activation of C22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production
Authors: Chodok Pichit , Cove David J. , Quatrano Ralph S. , Kanjana‐Opas Akkharawit , Kaewsuwan Sireewan
Published: September 2011

Long chain (C ≥ 20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) represent important components of the human diet. Currently, the predominant sources of these fatty acids are marine fish and algal oils, but high production costs and diminishing feedstock, limit their supply and usage. A more regular sustainable source of these compounds is urgently required and therefore research is being conducted to develop a sustainable, land‐based production system. This work describes the metabolic engineering of an artificial pathway that activates the production of C22‐PUFAs, docosatetraenoic acid or adrenic acid (ADA) and n‐3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in Physcomitrella patens using a gene from a marine algae Pavlova sp. encoding Δ5‐elongase and vegetable oil supplementation. The accumulation of ADA and ω‐3 DPA were dramatically increased to 24.3 and 11.7 mg L−1 and accounted for 2.3 and 1.1% of total fatty acids, respectively. This is the first report on producing n‐3 DPA, DHA precursor, in P. patens. The obtained results prove that this enzyme appears to be more active when fused to a green fluorescence protein reporter gene. These finding reveal that the modification of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway by genetic manipulation and nutritional supplementation, to produce specific PUFAs in a non‐seed lower plant, is a promising technique.
Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin
Authors: Côrtes Cristiano , da Silva-Kazama Daniele , Kazama Ricardo , Benchaar Chaouki , Zeoula Lucia M , Santos Geraldo T D , Petit Hélène V
Published: September 2011

Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n−3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665±21 kg of body weight and 190±5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.
Japanese two-year-olds use morphosyntax to learn novel verb meanings
Authors: MATSUO AYUMI , KITA SOTARO , SHINYA YURI , WOOD GARY C. , NAIGLES LETITIA
Published: September 2011

Previous research has found that children who are acquiring argument-drop languages such as Turkish and Chinese make use of syntactic frames to extend familiar verb meanings (Göksun, Küntay & Naigles, 2008; Lee & Naigles, 2008). This article investigates whether two-year-olds learning Japanese, another argument-drop language, make use of argument number and case markings in learning novel verbs. Children watched videos of novel causative and non-causative actions via Intermodal Preferential Looking. The novel verbs were presented in transitive or intransitive frames; the NPs in the transitive frames appeared ‘bare’ or with case markers. Consistent with previous findings of Morphosyntactic Bootstrapping, children who heard the novel verbs in the transitive frame with case markers reliably assigned those verbs to the novel causative actions.
Surface effects on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials
Authors: Zixing Lu , Cungang Zhang , Qiang Liu , Zhenyu Yang
Published: September 2011

In this paper, surface effects on the mechanical behaviour of nanoporous materials are investigated using the theory of surface elasticity and Timoshenko beam theory based on the tetrakaidecahedron (or Kelvin) open-cell foam model. Meanwhile, the influence of surface elasticity and residual surface stress on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials is discussed. In addition, the results derived from the theory of Euler–Bernoulli beam model are also provided for comparison. Theoretical results show that the effective Young's modulus of the nanoporous materials increases as the diameter of the strut decreases, but in contrast Poisson's ratio and the brittle collapse strength decrease with the diameter of the strut. The contribution of shear deformation to surface effects on elastic properties is more significant, while the surface effects on brittle collapse strength are not sensitive to shear deformation, and it can even be neglected. As the strut size increases, the present results can be reduced to the cases without considering surface effects, which verifies the efficiency of the present model to a certain extent.
Cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells targeting different peptide/HLA combinations demonstrate varying T‐cell receptor diversity
Authors: Giest Sandra , McWhinnie Alasdair , Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Little Ann‐Margaret , Grace Sarah , Mackinnon Stephen , Madrigal J. Alejandro , Travers Paul J.
Published: September 2011

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and reactivation pose a serious threat for patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We have previously shown that CD8+ T cells targeting different CMV epitopes correlate with protection at different threshold frequencies in those patients. To investigate if this may relate to a different quality of these cells here we analyse the T‐cell receptor diversity of pp50 (245–253)/HLA‐A*0101 specific CD8+ T cells with that of CD8+ T cells targeting various pp65 peptides. The results from this pilot study show differences in the breadth of the T‐cell receptor usage of the different cell populations. We observe for the first time that the T‐cell receptor Vβ CDR3 spectratypes used by CMV pp50 (245–253)/HLA‐A*0101‐specific CD8+ T cells can reach higher numbers than those used by CD8+ T cells targeting various pp65 peptides in our patient cohort. This merits further investigation into the effectiveness of the different CMV‐specific T cells and their impact on immunosenescence, which is important to eventually define the most useful source of adoptive therapy and monitoring protocols for cytomegalovirus‐specific immune responses.
Diabetes mellitus as a modulator of functional impairment and decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The Real.FR cohort
Authors: Sanz C. M. , Hanaire H. , Vellas B. J. , Sinclair A. J. , Andrieu S. ,   for REAL.FR Study Group
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 541–548 (2012)

Aims  To determine whether diabetes mellitus influences functional status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods  We studied 608 community‐dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease from a prospective multicenter cohort. Diabetes was assessed at baseline. Functional status was assessed twice yearly with the Activities of Daily Living scale. Each patient had a baseline functional disability if their Activities of Daily Living score was < 6. Progression of functional disability was defined by a decreased Activities of Daily Living score over 4 years of follow‐up visits.

Results  At baseline, diabetes was present in 63 participants (10.4%) and, compared with those without diabetes, was associated with functional impairment [age‐ and sex‐adjusted OR = 2.73 (95% CI 1.41–5.28)]. After controlling for confounders, the association remained significant [OR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.02–4.11)]. Follow‐up demonstrated a significant interaction between duration of Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes, which was associated with progression of functional impairment in patients who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease for less than 1 year [age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio = 1.52 (95% CI 1.01–2.30), P = 0.048], but not in those who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease for more than 1 year [age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78 (95% CI 0.47–1.28), P = 0.32]. Abnormal one‐leg balance, polymedication and obesity seem to be important factors explaining the association between diabetes and functional status.

Conclusions  At baseline, the presence of diabetes significantly increases the risk of functional disability in patients with Alzheimer’s disease; our longitudinal data confirm that in patients with a recent diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (but not in those who have had Alzheimer’s disease for longer than 1 year), diabetes continues to worsen functional status.
What makes the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene express the α1L‐adrenoceptor functional phenotype?
Authors: Ventura S
Published: September 2011

The α1A‐adrenoceptor is therapeutically exploited because of its prevalence in the lower urinary tract. The pharmacology shown by this lower urinary tract α1A‐adrenoceptor is different from that shown by other α1A‐adrenoceptors, which has led to it being subclassified as an α1L‐adrenoceptor. Only in the last few years was it shown that this pharmacologically distinct α1L‐adrenoceptor is a product of the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene. In this issue of the BJP, Nishimune et al. review the literature on α1L‐adrenoceptor pharmacology and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms by which the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene is able to produce two pharmacologically distinct adrenoceptor subtypes. Based primarily from their own research using cell lines transfected with α1A‐adrenoceptors, they conclude that a protein that interacts with the receptor is the most plausible explanation. The challenge remains to identify any such interacting protein and show how it is able to change the pharmacology of the receptor for different ligands.

LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Nishimune et al., pp. 1226–1234 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01591.x
Effectiveness of seed dispersal by ants in a Neotropical tree
Authors: HARDESTY Britta Denise
Published: September 2011

Seed dispersal and subsequent recruitment is the template on which forest regeneration takes place. Hence, considering the scale over which ecological processes occur is key for understanding the overall impact of various dispersal agents. To explore leafcutter ant (Atta colombica) dispersal effectiveness in space and time, seed movement and subsequent recruitment of a large‐seeded predominately vertebrate‐dispersed tree, Simarouba amara (Aubl. Simaroubaceae), was investigated on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. At each of 218 reproductive‐sized adults (≥20 cm diameter at breast height), presence or absence of a leafcutter ant colony was noted, with extensive checks for Atta activity taking place at or in close proximity to seed and seedling transects, which extended 4 cardinal directions for 30 m from each reproductive female tree (n= 74). Only at 2 S. amara trees were nests observed, and in these areas a dense S. amara seedling carpet was observed. Although nearby nest and dump sites might increase local S. amara recruitment in the short term, mortality at these sites is complete or nearly so. Hence, the seed dispersal effectiveness by leafcutter ants appears to be ephemeral and likely contributes inconsequentially to the long‐term recruitment and distribution patterns of the species. This finding highlights the importance of evaluating disperser effectiveness at ecologically relevant spatiotemporal scales.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus suebicus KCTC 3549
Authors: Nam Seong-Hyeuk , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kang Aram , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Ryong Nam , Kim Dae-Soo , Kim Aeri , Park Hong-Seog
Published: September 2011

Lactobacillus suebicus
is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with apple mash. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain
Lactobacillus suebicus
KCTC 3549 (2,656,936 bp, with a G+C content of 39.0%), which consists of 143 large contigs (>100 bp).
TUNABLE ASYMMETRIC FANO LINESHAPES IN SILICON-BASED MICRORING RESONATORS WITH FEEDBACK
Authors: PITAKWONGSAPORN SANTHAD , CHIANGGA SURASAK
Published: September 2011

We theoretically examine the Fano lineshapes of silicon-based compound microring resonators consisting of a single resonator channel dropping filter linked to a loop as a feedback structure. All possible optical effects for the continuous-wave operating regime, such as linear absorption or scattering, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption and dispersion, thermo-optics, are simultaneously considered. We show that sharp Fano resonances can be tuned by variation in the coupling coefficients, length of feedback loop, effective free carrier lifetime and the temperature inside the device. Tunable Fano lineshapes open up opportunities for applications in sensing, computing, and communications.
Combined fabric defects detection approach and quadtree decomposition
Authors: Jing Junfeng , Li Hang , Li Pengfei
Published: September 2011

In this article, various approaches are investigated and synthesized for real-time inspection of diversified fabric texture. Improved Gabor filter bank was proposed to detect fabric defects by using its property of steerable directions and scales. Normal fabric textured image was processed with optimal filter and then gauss smooth. Two threshold value of thenormal fabric image will be determined, which are considered as standard of image parameter for segmenting defect areas. For some intense background texture of fabric defect images, background analysis approach is proposed to detect the flaws. The third detection method is multi-scale wavelet, and typical results of the test are provided. Threeapproaches synthesized into a cascade detection system to develop better detection results. Inspection results that conducted on real fabric defects for various approaches reveal that combined detection scheme meet good expectation. Further, preliminary graphical user interface is designed so as to facilitate the operation. After integrate graphical user interface with procedure, parameters material can be acquired, which is vital to applying the inspection system on industrial computer in future.
The myosin-binding UCS domain but not the Hsp90-binding TPR domain of the UNC-45 chaperone is essential for function in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ni Weiming , Hutagalung Alex H. , Li Shumin , Epstein Henry F.
Published: September 2011

The UNC-45 family of molecular chaperones is expressed in metazoan organisms from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. The UNC-45 protein is essential in C. elegans for early body-wall muscle cell development and A-band assembly. We show that the myosin-binding UCS domain of UNC-45 alone is sufficient to rescue lethal unc-45 null mutants arrested in embryonic muscle development and temperature-sensitive loss-of-function unc-45 mutants defective in worm A-band assembly. Removal of the Hsp90-binding TPR domain of UNC-45 does not affect rescue. Similar results were obtained with overexpression of the same fragments in wild-type nematodes when assayed for diminution of myosin accumulation and assembly. Titration experiments show that, on a per molecule basis, UCS has greater activity in C. elegans muscle in vivo than full-length UNC-45 protein, suggesting that UNC-45 is inhibited by either the TPR domain or its interaction with the general chaperone Hsp90. In vitro experiments with purified recombinant C. elegans Hsp90 and UNC-45 proteins show that they compete for binding to C. elegans myosin. Our in vivo genetic and in vitro biochemical experiments are consistent with a novel inhibitory role for Hsp90 with respect to UNC-45 action.
Optimization of Burkholderia sp. ZYB002 lipase production for pitch control in thermomechanical pulping (TMP) processes
Authors: Shu Zhengyu , Wu Jiguang , Chen De , Cheng Lanxing , Zheng Yi , Chen Jianping , Huang Jianzhong
Published: September 2011

Production and process optimization of a thermostable lipase fromBurkholderiasp. ZYB002 and the application potential of this lipase for pitch control of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) has been investigated. The optimized physical and nutritional factors ofBurkholderiasp. ZYB002 were found to be (all units in%, w v-1): 0.5 peptone, 0.025 urea, 0.5 glycerol, 0.1 NaHCO3, 0.2 K2HPO4, 1.5 Tween 80, 1.1 olive oil, four inoculum volume, and initial pH 8.5. The lipase production process was carried out at 30°C at 250 rpm for 36 h in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 35 ml fermentation medium and five glass beads. Under the optimized conditions, lipase activity reached 216.5 U ml-1. In a TMP ofPinus massoniana, 39% of triglycerides were hydrolyzed by the lipase under optimized conditions [pulp concentration 6% (w v-1), lipase dose 20 U g-1based on dry TMP, pulp initial pH 7.5, and 65°C for 30 min]. The lipase in question displayed a great potential for pitch control of TMP.
A Longitudinal Study of GAD65 and ICA512 Autoantibodies During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Participants
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Palmer Jerry P. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Cuthbertson David , Yu Liping , Schatz Desmond A. , Orban Tihamer , Eisenbarth George ,   Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 and Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Groups
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE

We examined changes in GAD65 and ICA-512 autoantibodies (GADA and IA-2A) during progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) participants were assessed for changes in positivity and titers of GADA and IA-2A during the progression to T1D.

RESULTS

Among 99 progressors to T1D with GADA and IA-2A measurements at baseline and diagnosis (mean interval = 3.3 ± 1.5 years), GADA positivity changed little and GADA titers decreased (P < 0.01). In contrast, both IA-2A positivity and titers increased substantially (P < 0.001). Even among those positive at baseline, IA-2A titers increased from baseline to diagnosis (n = 57; P < 0.001), whereas GADA titers decreased (n = 80; P < 0.01). The same patterns of change were also evident among those positive for both autoantibodies (n = 48) at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

IA-2A titers increase during the years before the diagnosis of T1D, even among those positive for IA-2A. In contrast, GADA titers tend to decline during those years.
Phases and Activities
Authors: Gottschalk P.
Published: September 2011

Lacity and Willcocks (2000a) identified six outsourcing phases. In these phases, a variety of stakeholders are involved, such as customer senior business managers, customer senior IT managers, customer IT staff, IT users, supplier senior managers, supplier account managers, supplier IT staff, and subcontractors. Stakeholder relationships vary during activities within phases, depending on goal alignment. For each of the phases, Lacity and Willcocks (2000a) defined the major stakeholder goals, interactions, and outcomes witnessed in practice.
An Evaluation Survey of Score Normalization in Multibiometric Systems
Authors: Li Yong , Yin Jian Ping , Zhu En
Published: September 2011

Multibiometric fusion is an active research area for many years. Score normalization is to transform the scores from different matchers to a common domain. In this paper, we give a survey of classical score normalization techniques and recent advances of this research area. The performance of different normalization functions, such as MinMax, Tanh, Zscore, PL, LTL, RHE and FF are evaluated in XM2VTS Benchmark. We evaluated the performance with four different measures of biometric systems such as EER, AUC, GAR(FAR=0.001) and the threshold of EER. The experimental results show that there is no single normalization technique that would perform the best for all multibiometric recognition systems. PL and FF normalization outperform other methods in many applications.
Cockroach Swarm Optimization Algorithm for TSP
Authors: Cheng Le , Wang Zhi Bo , Song Yan Hong , Guo Ai Hua
Published: September 2011

We propose a novel cockroach swarm optimization(CSO) algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP) in this paper .In CSO, a series of biological behavior of cockroach are simulated such as grouping living and searching food ,moving-nest, individual equal and so on. For cockroaches crawl and search the optimal solution in the solution space, we assume that the solution which has been searched as the food can split up some new food around solution’s position. The experimental results demonstrate that the CSO has better performance than particle swarm optimization in TSP.
Six Sigma Applied in Inventory Management
Authors: Hu Biao , Tian Yun
Published: September 2011

Inventory management is a kind of method used by manufacturing or service sector to manage and control various articles and other resources in the whole process of production and operation. This paper, aiming at the contradiction, brings forward the thought of combining Six Sigma Concept with inventory management. Using Six Sigma Tools, the root source of inventory overstock will be revealed and according process can be improved, thus to achieve the goal of inventory optimizing and customer satisfactory elevating. An actual example is demonstrated in the paper to verify the validity of the combination between inventory management and Six Sigma.
Nondestructive Measurement of Grape Leaf Chlorophyll Content Using Multi-Spectral Imaging Technology and Calibration Models
Authors: Lv Gang , Yang Hai Qing
Published: September 2011

Nondestructive measurement of grape leaf chlorophyll content is essential for precision vineyard management. Multi-spectral imaging technology was adopted for image acquisition of grape leave. For each leaf, a color (R-G-B) image and a near-infrared (NIR) image were taken. These images were then transformed into three vegetation indices, e.g. RVI, NDVI and GNDVI. Calibration models were established, by single-variable linear regression, multi-variable linear regression and BP-ANN. Three color space systems, e.g. R-G-B, CIE XYZ and HIS, were examined with the purpose of model optimization. A total of 112 leave were divided into a calibration set(62) and an independent validation set(50). A SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used for reference measurement. The single-variable linear regression result shows that the NDVI index is most significant for the measurement of leaf chlorophyll content with coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.70 for calibration set and 0.69 for independent validation set. It is found that the model for R-index produces higher accuracy than those for G- and B-index, which confirms that chlorophyll content can be correlated with R-grayscale values. By comparison, the multi-variable linear regression models based on R-G-B-NIR achieves higher prediction accuracy with r2 of 0.8174. To further improve the prediction accuracy, several BP-ANN models were developed. The best result was achieved for R-G-B-NIR with r2 of 0.99 for independent validation set. It is concluded that multi-spectral imaging technology coupled with BP-ANN calibration model of R-G-B-NIR grayscales is promising for nondestructive measurement of grape leaf chlorophyll content. This method proposed in the study is worthy of being further examined for in situ determination of nutrition diagnose of grape plant.
A New Approach for Solving Optimal Nonlinear Control Problems Using Decriminalization and Rationalized Haar Functions
Authors: Han Zhen Yu , Li Shu Rong
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a numerical method based on quasilinearization and rationalized Haar functions for solving nonlinear optimal control problems including terminal state constraints, state and control inequality constraints. The optimal control problem is converted into a sequence of quadratic programming problems. The rationalized Haar functions with unknown coefficients are used to approximate the control variables and the derivative of the state variables. By adding artificial controls, the number of state and control variables is equal. Then the quasilinearization method is used to change the nonlinear optimal control problems with a sequence of constrained linear-quadratic optimal control problems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results of two constrained nonlinear optimal control problems are presented.
Hydrogen Storage on Platinum-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes with Boron, Nitrogen Dopants or Sidewall Vacancies
Authors: Zhou Jian Ge , Williams Quinton L.
Published: September 2011

The interaction between hydrogen molecules and platinum (Pt)-decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with boron (B)-, nitrogen (N)-dopants or sidewall vacancies is discussed from first-principle calculations. The adsorption patterns of hydrogen molecules on four types of Pt-decorated CNTs are investigated, and the partial density of states projected on the Pt atom is computed to reveal the response to the number of hydrogen molecules, dopants or vacancies. It is found that the B-, N-dopants or sidewall vacancies can adjust the binding energy between the hydrogen molecules and the Pt atom deposited on the defective CNT, while not reducing the maximum number of hydrogen molecules that are chemically adsorbed on the Pt atom. It is demonstrated that the binding energy of the first H2 and the Pt atom on the pristine CNT or the CNT with the B-, N-dopants is quite strong, so each Pt atom in these three cases can only release the second H2 under ambient conditions. However, when the Pt atom is deposited on the CNT with sidewall vacancies, it can adsorb and desorb two hydrogen molecules under ambient conditions.
Empirical analysis and modeling of errors of atmospheric profiles from GPS radio occultation
Authors: Scherllin-Pirscher B. , Steiner A. K. , Kirchengast G. , Kuo Y.-H. , Foelsche U.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. The utilization of radio occultation (RO) data in atmospheric studies requires precise knowledge of error characteristics. We present results of an empirical error analysis of GPS RO bending angle, refractivity, dry pressure, dry geopotential height, and dry temperature. We find very good agreement between data characteristics of different missions (CHAMP, GRACE-A, and Formosat-3/COSMIC (F3C)). In the global mean, observational errors (standard deviation from "true" profiles at mean tangent point location) agree within 0.3% in bending angle, 0.1% in refractivity, and 0.2 K in dry temperature at all altitude levels between 4 km and 35 km. Above 35 km the increase of the CHAMP raw bending angle observational error is more pronounced than that of GRACE-A and F3C leading to a larger observational error of about 1% at 42 km. Above ≈20 km, the observational errors show a strong seasonal dependence at high latitudes. Larger errors occur in hemispheric wintertime and are associated mainly with background data used in the retrieval process particularly under conditions when ionospheric residual is large. The comparison between UCAR and WEGC results (both data centers have independent inversion processing chains) reveals different magnitudes of observational errors in atmospheric parameters, which are attributable to different background fields used. Based on the empirical error estimates, we provide a simple analytical error model for GPS RO atmospheric parameters for the altitude range of 4 km to 35 km and up to 50 km for UCAR raw bending angle and refractivity. In the model, which accounts for vertical, latitudinal, and seasonal variations, a constant error is adopted around the tropopause region amounting to 0.8% for bending angle, 0.35% for refractivity, 0.15% for dry pressure, 10 m for dry geopotential height, and 0.7 K for dry temperature. Below this region the observational error increases following an inverse height power-law and above it increases exponentially. For bending angle and refractivity we also include formulations for error correlations in order to enable modeling of full error covariance matrices for these primary data assimilation variables. The observational error model is the same for UCAR and WEGC data but due to somewhat different error characteristics below about 10 km and above about 20 km some parameters have to be adjusted. Overall, the observational error model is easily applicable and adjustable to individual error characteristics.
Questions of Taste
Authors: Holland Charles
Published: September 2011

Charles Holland of FAT picks up the Post‐Modern baton from Venturi Scott Brown and Charles Jencks and raises the neglected topic of taste. Though the way architecture is experienced by people is bound up with taste, it remains an area of discomfort for architects – tied up with awkward discussions of privilege and class. Holland shows how in FAT's Islington Square housing project the DIY taste of the residents was not only embraced, but fully accommodated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The True Counterfeits of Banksy: Radical Walls of Complicity and Subversion
Authors: Branscome Eva
Published: September 2011

Tattoo or consummate object of consumption? Banksy's artwork has an uneasy status. It simultaneously has the power to subvert, questioning the conventions of the art world while potentially colluding with it. Eva Branscome explores the paradox of Banksy in the light of Post‐Modernism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A practical countercurrent fluid catalytic cracking regenerator model for in situ operation optimization
Authors: Zhang Yongmin , Lu Chunxi , Li Tingwen
Published: September 2011

A practical countercurrent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regenerator model with improved descriptions of gas and solid flow patterns is proposed. A three‐zone and two‐phase gas model was utilized to describe the gas flow through the regenerator, addressing the different phase mass‐transfer properties in the different zones. A new two‐continuously stirred‐tank reactor‐with‐interchange model was used to describe the solid flow and to address the effect of freeboard on catalyst regeneration. Otherwise, this model also considered the usually adopted expanding section for reducing solid carryover. The model was programmed in Matlab language with coupled hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics models and tested and validated by the data from an industrial FCC regenerator operated under both partial and full CO combustion modes. After fitting a single model parameter, the interchange solid flux between the dense bed and freeboard, the model predictions were in reasonable agreement with the commercial data for both modes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Anisotropic two‐orbital Hubbard model: Single‐site versus cluster Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory
Authors: Lee H. , Zhang Y.‐Z. , Jeschke H.O. , Valentí R.
Published: September 2011

The anisotropic two‐orbital Hubbard model with different bandwidths and degrees of frustration in each orbital is investigated in the framework of both single‐site dynamical mean‐field theory (DMFT) as well as its cluster extension (DCA) for clusters up to four sites combined with a continuous‐time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. This model shows a rich phase diagram which includes the appearance of orbital selective phase transitions, non‐Fermi liquid behavior as well as antiferromagnetic metallic states. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of employing the single‐site DMFT with respect to DCA and the consequences for the physical picture obtained out of these calculations. Finally, we argue that such a minimal model may be of relevance to understand the nature of the antiferromagnetic metallic state in the iron‐pnictide superconductors as well as the origin of the small staggered magnetization observed in these systems.
Extending the Gutzwiller approximation for liquid 3He by including intersite correlations
Authors: Müller D. , Pilgram S. , Rice T.M. , Sigrist M.
Published: September 2011

The simple Gutzwiller approximation, applied to the approach to Mott localization in a half‐filled band Hubbard model, gives a remarkably good description of the properties of liquid 3He as the liquid‐solid transition is approached under pressure. The key variable, the density of unbound doubly occupied and empty sites is evaluated keeping only single site correlations. We extend the Gutzwiller approximation to incorporate nearest neighbor correlations. This extension improves the agreement with the experimental evolution of the spin susceptibility and effective mass with pressure, but does not remove the large discrepancy in the compressibility.
Renormalized perturbation theories of Anderson localization: Self‐consistent two‐particle vertices
Authors: Janiš V. , Pokorný V.
Published: September 2011

We study effects of quantum coherence due to scatterings of electrons on impurities on two‐particle vertex functions. We use the diagrammatic perturbation expansion in the impurity potential and analyze possible ways how to introduce renormalizations on the two‐particle level. We discuss the differences between the low‐dimensional self‐consistent theory of Vollhardt and Wölfle and the high‐dimensional one of Janiš and Kolorenč. Finally we demonstrate, using the latter approach, the emergence of the localized phase in the Falicov‐Kimball model.
Order‐parameter anisotropies in the pnictides: An optimization principle for multi‐band superconductivity
Authors: Hanke W. , Platt Ch. , Thomale R.
Published: September 2011

Using general arguments of an optimization taking place between the pair wave function and the repulsive part of the electron‐electron interaction, we analyze the superconducting gap in materials with multiple Fermi‐surface (FS) pockets, with exemplary application to two proto‐type ferropnictide setups. The main point of our work is to show that the SC state, its gap, and, in particular, its anisotropy in momentum space is determined by an optimization which determines and optimizes the interplay between the attractive interaction in the SC‐channel and the Coulomb repulsion. This optimization problem is unavoidable in a multi‐band SC situation: for the pnictides, it appears because of a frustration in the s±‐channel, when more than two FS‐pockets are involved in setting up the pairing interaction. On the basis of functional renormalization group (FRG) calculations for a wide parameter span of the bare interactions, we show that the symmetry of the gap and the nodal versus nodeless behavior is driven by this optimization requirement.
Ab initio calculations with the dynamical vertex approximation
Authors: Toschi A. , Rohringer G. , Katanin A.A. , Held K.
Published: September 2011

We propose an approach for the ab initio calculation of materials with strong electronic correlations which is based on all local (fully irreducible) vertex corrections beyond the bare Coulomb interaction. It includes the so‐called GW and dynamical mean field theory and important non‐local correlations beyond, with a computational effort estimated to be still manageable.
Thinking locally: Reflections on Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory from a high‐temperature/high‐energy perspective
Authors: Georges A.
Published: September 2011

When spatial correlations are short‐range, the physics of strongly correlated systems is controlled by local quantum fluctuations. In those regimes, Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory can be viewed as a `compass' which provides guidance on the relevant degrees of freedom and their effective dynamics over intermediate energy scales. These intermediate energy scales and associated crossovers play a crucial role in the physics of strongly correlated materials.
Rational engineering of Escherichia coli strains for plasmid biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Gonçalves Geisa A. L. , Bower Diana M. , Prazeres Duarte M. F. , Monteiro Gabriel A. , Prather Kristala L. J.
Published: September 2011

Plasmid DNA (pDNA) has become very attractive as a biopharmaceutical, especially for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Currently, there are a few products licensed for veterinary applications and numerous plasmids in clinical trials for use in humans. Recent work in both academia and industry demonstrates a need for technological and economical improvement in pDNA manufacturing. Significant progress has been achieved in plasmid design and downstream processing, but there is still a demand for improved production strains. This review focuses on engineering of Escherichia coli strains for plasmid DNA production, understanding the differences between the traditional use of pDNA for recombinant protein production and its role as a biopharmaceutical. We will present recent developments in engineering of E. coli strains, highlight essential genes for improvement of pDNA yield and quality, and analyze the impact of various process strategies on gene expression in pDNA production strains.
Evaluations of cellulose accessibilities of lignocelluloses by solute exclusion and protein adsorption techniques
Authors: Wang Q.Q. , He Z. , Zhu Z. , Zhang Y.‐H.P. , Ni Y. , Luo X.L. , Zhu J.Y.
Published: September 2011

Cellulose accessibilities of a set of hornified lignocellulosic substrates derived by drying the never dried pretreated sample and a set of differently pretreated lodgepople pine substrates, were evaluated using solute exclusion and protein adsorption methods. Direct measurements of cellulase adsorption onto cellulose surface of the set of pretreated substrates were also carried out using an in situ UV–Vis spectrophotometric technique. The cellulose accessibilities measured by the solute exclusion and a cellulose‐binding module (CBM)‐containing green fluorescent protein (TGC) adsorption methods correlate well for both sets of samples. The substrate enzymatic digestibilities (SEDs) of the hornified substrates are proportional to the measured cellulose accessibilities. Approximately over 90% of the SED was contributed by the accessible pore surfaces of the hornified substrates, suggesting that the substrate external surface plays a minor role contributing to cellulose accessibility and SED. The cellulose accessibilities of the pretreated substrates correlated well with the amounts of cellulase adsorbed. The SEDs of these substrates directly correlated with the amounts of adsorbed cellulase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:381–389. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.