bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voxel-based morphometry and task functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor: evidence for a disrupted brain network
Authors: Boscolo Galazzo Ilaria , Magrinelli Francesca , Pizzini Francesca Benedetta , Storti Silvia Francesca , Agosta Federica , Filippi Massimo , Marotta Angela , Mansueto Giancarlo , Menegaz Gloria , Tinazzi Michele
Published: September 2020

The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is controversial and might be further elucidated by advanced neuroimaging. Focusing on homogenous ET patients diagnosed according to the 2018 consensus criteria, this study aimed to: (1) investigate whether task functional MRI (fMRI) can identify networks of activated and deactivated brain areas, (2) characterize morphometric and functional modulations, relative to healthy controls (HC). Ten ET patients and ten HC underwent fMRI while performing two motor tasks with their upper limb: (1) maintaining a posture (both groups); (2) simulating tremor (HC only). Activations/deactivations were obtained from General Linear Model and compared across groups/tasks. Voxel-based morphometry and linear regressions between clinical and fMRI data were also performed. Few cerebellar clusters of gray matter loss were found in ET. Conversely, widespread fMRI alterations were shown. Tremor in ET (task 1) was associated with extensive deactivations mainly involving the cerebellum, sensory-motor cortex, and basal ganglia compared to both tasks in HC, and was negatively correlated with clinical tremor scales. Homogeneous ET patients demonstrated deactivation patterns during tasks triggering tremor, encompassing a network of cortical and subcortical regions. Our results point towards a marked cerebellar involvement in ET pathophysiology and the presence of an impaired cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network.
Targeted MinION sequencing of transgenes
Authors: Boutigny Anne-Laure , Fioriti Florent , Rolland Mathieu
Published: September 2020

The presence of genetically modified organisms (GMO) is commonly assessed using real-time PCR methods targeting the most common transgenic elements found in GMOs. Once the presence of GM material has been established using these screening methods, GMOs are further identified using a battery of real-time PCR methods, each being specific of one GM event and usually targeting the junction of the plant genome and of the transgenic DNA insert. If, using these specific methods, no GMO could be identified, the presence of an unauthorized GMO is suspected. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop a fast and simple method to obtain the sequence of the transgene and of its junction with plant DNA, with the presence of a screening sequence as only prior knowledge. An unauthorized GM petunia, recently found on the French market, was used as template during the development of this new molecular tool. The innovative proposed protocol is based on the circularization of fragmented DNA followed by the amplification of the transgene and of its flanking regions using long-range inverse PCR. Sequencing was performed using the Oxford Nanopore MinION technology and a bioinformatic pipeline was developed.
Bayesian optimisation of restriction zones for bluetongue control
Authors: Spooner Thomas , Jones Anne E. , Fearnley John , Savani Rahul , Turner Joanne , Baylis Matthew
Published: September 2020

We investigate the restriction of animal movements as a method to control the spread of bluetongue, an infectious disease of livestock that is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the onset of climate change. We derive control policies for the UK that minimise the number of infected farms during an outbreak using Bayesian optimisation and a simulation-based model of BT. Two cases are presented: first, where the region of introduction is randomly selected from England and Wales to find a generalised strategy. This “national” model is shown to be just as effective at subduing the spread of bluetongue as the current strategy of the UK government. Our proposed controls are simpler to implement, affect fewer farms in the process and, in so doing, minimise the potential economic implications. Second, we consider policies that are tailored to the specific region in which the first infection was detected. Seven different regions in the UK were explored and improvements in efficiency from the use of specialised policies presented. As a consequence of the increasing temperatures associated with climate change, efficient control measures for vector-borne diseases such as this are expected to become increasingly important. Our work demonstrates the potential value of using Bayesian optimisation in developing cost-effective disease management strategies.
Bio-assisted preparation of efficiently architectured nanostructures of γ-Fe2O3 as a molecular recognition platform for simultaneous detection of biomarkers
Authors: Sundar Sasikala , Ganesh V.
Published: September 2020

Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) have been prepared using bio-assisted method and their application in the field of biosensors is demonstrated. Particularly in this work, different nanostructures of γ-Fe2O3 namely nanospheres (NS), nanograsses (NG) and nanowires (NW) are prepared using a bio-surfactant namely Furostanol Saponin (FS) present in Fenugreek seeds extract through co-precipitation method by following “green” route. Three distinct morphologies of iron oxide nanostructures possessing the same crystal structure, magnetic properties, and varied size distribution are prepared and characterized. The resultant materials are analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of reaction time and concentration of FS on the resultant morphologies of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures are systematically investigated. Among different shapes, NWs and NSs of γ-Fe2O3 are found to exhibit better sensing behaviour for both the individual and simultaneous electrochemical detection of most popular biomarkers namely dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Electrochemical studies reveal that γ-Fe2O3 NWs showed better sensing characteristics than γ-Fe2O3 NSs and NGs in terms of distinguishable voltammetric signals for DA and UA with enhanced oxidation current values. Differential pulse voltammetric studies exhibit linear dependence on DA and UA concentrations in the range of 0.15–75 µM and 5 μM – 0.15 mM respectively. The detection limit values for DA and UA are determined to be 150 nM and 5 µM. In addition γ-Fe2O3 NWs modified electrode showed higher sensitivity, reduced overpotential along with good selectivity towards the determination of DA and UA even in the presence of other common interferents. Thus the proposed biosensor electrode is very easy to fabricate, eco-friendly, cheaper and possesses higher surface area suggesting the unique structural patterns of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures to be a promising candidate for electrochemical bio-sensing and biomedical applications.
Phylogeny of the Synlestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera), with an emphasis on Chlorolestes Selys and Ecchlorolestes Barnard
Authors: Simaika John P. , Ware Jessica L. , Garrison Rosser W. , Samways Michael J.
Published: September 2020

The Synlestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of southern Africa comprise some highly localized species. All but one species are endemic to South Africa, and many to the Cape Floristic Region. Here we present the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the southern African Synlestidae using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular data. The genera Ecchlorolestes and Chlorolestes are monophyletic, and we propose that the Neotropical family Perilestidae consisting of two genera, Perilestes and Perissolestes, be sunk within Synlestidae. We discuss the intra-familial relationships for the southern African Synlestidae.
Impact of ASA-score, age and learning curve on early outcome in the initiation phase of an oncological robotic colorectal program
Authors: Sarikaya Hülya , Benhidjeb Tahar , Iosivan Sergiu I. , Kolokotronis Theodoros , Förster Christine , Eckert Stephan , Wilkens Ludwig , Nasser Alaa , Rehberg Sebastian , Krüger Martin , Schulte am Esch Jan
Published: September 2020

The ASA score is known to be an independent predictor of complications and mortality following colorectal surgery. We evaluated early outcome in the initiation phase of a robotic oncological colorectal resection program in dependence of comorbidity and learning curve. 43 consecutive colorectal cancer patients (median age: 74 years) who underwent robotic surgery were firstly analysed defined by physical status (group A = ASA1 + 2; group B = ASA3). Secondly, outcome was evaluated relating to surgery date (group E: early phase; group L: late phase). There were no differences among groups A and B with regard to gender, BMI, skin-to-skin operative times (STS), N- and M-status, hospital-stay as well as overall rate of complications according to Dindo-Clavien and no one-year mortality. GroupA when compared to group B demonstrated significantly lower mean age (65.5 years ± 11.4 years vs 75.8 years  ± 8.9 years), T-stage and ICU-stay. When separately analyzed for patients age ICU-stay was comparable (> 75 years vs. < 75 years). Group E and L demonstrated comparable characteristics and early outcome except more frequent lymphatic fistulas in group E. STS was reduced in group L compared to group E. Beyond learning curve aspects in our series, we could demonstrate that patient’s physical condition according to ASA rather than age may have an impact on early outcome in the initial phase of a robotic oncological colorectal program.
Quantitative analysis of red blood cell membrane phospholipids and modulation of cell-macrophage interactions using cyclodextrins
Authors: Vahedi Amid , Bigdelou Parnian , Farnoud Amir M.
Published: September 2020

The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is asymmetric with respect to its phospholipid composition. Analysis of the lipid composition of the outer leaflet is important for understanding cell membrane biology in health and disease. Here, a method based on cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange to characterize the phospholipids in the outer leaflet of red blood cells (RBCs) is reported. Methyl-α-cyclodextrin, loaded with exogenous lipids, was used to extract phospholipids from the membrane outer leaflet, while delivering lipids to the cell to maintain cell membrane integrity. Thin layer chromatography and lipidomics demonstrated that the extracted lipids were from the membrane outer leaflet. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SM) were the most abundant phospholipids in the RBCs outer leaflet with PC 34:1 and SM 34:1 being the most abundant species. Fluorescence quenching confirmed the delivery of exogenous lipids to the cell outer leaflet. The developed lipid exchange method was then used to remove phosphatidylserine, a phagocyte recognition marker, from the outer leaflet of senescent RBCs. Senescent RBCs with reconstituted membranes were phagocytosed in significantly lower amounts compared to control cells, demonstrating the efficiency of the lipid exchange process and its application in modifying cell–cell interactions.
Impact of self-assembling peptides in remineralisation of artificial early enamel lesions adjacent to orthodontic brackets
Authors: Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Nothelfer R. , Morawietz M. , Kiesow A. , Korbmacher-Steiner H.
Published: September 2020

Enamel demineralisation can occur as a side effect during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the self-assembling peptide P11-4 for remineralisation combined with fluorides, compared to application of fluoride varnish alone. De- and remineralisation was assessed by Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Orthodontic brackets were bonded on 108 human enamel samples and white spot lesions were created. The samples were allocated randomly into three groups: Group I received no treatment, group II had a single application of fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm), and group III was treated with P11-4 following a single application of fluoride varnish. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) measurements were performed at baseline, after demineralisation and after storage in remineralisation solution for 7 and 30 days. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test) were used for further analysis. After demineralisation, all samples showed a median ΔF -9.38% ± 2.79. After 30 days median ΔF values were as followed: group I = -9.04% ± 2.51, group II = -7.89 ± 2.07, group III = -6.08% ± 2.79). The median ΔF values differed significantly between all groups at all investigation times (p < 0.00001). Application of P11-4 with fluoride varnish was superior to the use of fluorides alone for remineralisation of enamel adjacent to brackets.
Effect of temperature fluctuation on the localized pattern of action potential in cardiac tissue
Authors: Takembo Clovis Ntahkie , Fouda Henri Paul Ekobena
Published: September 2020

Based on the improved FitzHugh–Nagumo myocardial model driven by a constant external current, the effect of temperature fluctuation in a network of electrically coupled myocardial cells are investigated through analytical and numerical computations. Through the technique of multiple scale expansion, we successfully reduced the complex nonlinear system of equations to a more tractable and solvable nonlinear amplitude equation on which the analysis of linear stability is performed. Interestingly from this analysis, a plot of critical amplitude of action potential versus wave number revealed the growth rate of modulational instability (MI) is an increasing function of the thermoelectric couplings; $$T^{(1)}$$

T

(
1
)

and $$T^{(2)}$$

T

(
2
)

, under fixed conditions of nonlinear electrical couplings. In order to verify our analytical predictions through the study the long-time evolution of the modulated cardiac impulses, numerical computation is finally carried out. Numerical experiment revealed the existence of localized coherent structures with some recognized features of synchronization. Through the mechanism of MI, changes in thermoelectrical couplings promote wave localization and mode transition in electrical activities in the cell lattice. Results could provide new insights in understanding the underlying mechanism of the manifestation of sudden heart disorder subjected to heavily temperature fluctuation.
Blend Structures with Ambipolar Properties
Authors: Yan Y. , Zhang M.
Published: September 2020

This chapter mainly describes the related work of ambipolar field-effect transistors based on blend structures. The semiconductor materials mainly focus on organic small molecules and polymers, and some blend structures based on new materials, such as carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional materials, are also involved. The internal mechanism of ambipolar properties in devices is explained. The direction of development and challenges for the devices are described and discussed.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulations for Using Nanotubes and Graphene for Ultrafiltration and Molecular and Charge Transport
Authors: Chan Yue
Published: September 2020

This chapter demonstrates how applied mathematics intertwines with nanoscience and nanotechnology in order to provide insights for using nanotubes and graphene for molecular and charge transport, which is crucial to reveal mechanisms for ultrafiltration and high performance lithium-ion batteries. Four topics will be covered, including single-file transport of water in carbon nanotubes, Newtonian flow through large radii carbon nanotubes, molecular flow inside graphene and lithium-ion transport between double-layered graphene sheets. Special interest will be paid to the governing equations for these problems, and, in particular, how applied mathematics could be used to address multi-body interactions among molecules and ions for the proposed systems. Solution techniques, including numerical simulations, will be provided and the results discussed. This chapter shows how mathematical techniques could provide deductive and rapid means to tackle problems arising from molecular and charge transport in nanotechnology, and demonstrates that mathematics can present alternative views in comparison with the prevailing methodologies of using experimental investigations and purely computational simulations.
Ambipolar Inorganic Two-dimensional Materials for Solar Cells
Authors: Das Sonali , Roy Tania
Published: September 2020

Ambipolar material refers to a class of materials that can transport both types of charged carriers, electrons and holes. This unique property allows the ambipolar materials to be used as either hole transport layers or electron transport layers or both, and as active p- or n-type absorbers for emerging photovoltaics. The work functions of commonly used metals can be matched with a variety of ambipolar two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and graphene derivatives, MoSe2, MoTe2, WSe2, MoSe2, ReSe2, phosphorene, etc., to selectively transport either electrons or holes. The role of such 2D materials in solar cells is of interest since future photovoltaic technologies aspire to be low cost, ultralight, flexible, and capable of being realized by roll-to-roll processing, while allowing for high specific power or watt gram−1 utilization. In this chapter, we provide an insight into the role of different ambipolar 2D materials for silicon, organic, perovskite, and 2D/2D heterojunction solar cells.
Ambipolar Materials for Gas Sensing
Authors: Bouvet M. , Ouedraogo S. , Meunier-Prest R.
Published: September 2020

Ambipolar sensors have only appeared in the past decade, i.e. very late compared to the first ambipolar electronic devices. They have been obtained with resistors, organic field-effect transistors and heterojunctions. It is not sufficient just to have ambipolar materials in order to observe ambipolar sensors. A key point is the ability to stabilize the p and n states by changing one external parameter. For further developments, it will be necessary to master a trigger that is capable of going from p-type to n-type behavior and vice versa. This can be an external bias, as in transistors, or any form of light.
Challenges, Possible Strategies and Conclusions
Authors: Yang Jia-Qin , Han Su-Ting , Zhou Ye
Published: September 2020

In this book, recent progress on ambipolar materials and their related optoelectronic devices are overviewed systematically. In recent years, a wide range of materials have been synthesized and utilized for realizing ambipolar charge transport, including polymers, small molecules, organic single crystals, carbon nanotubes, colloidal semiconducting nanocrystals, organic–inorganic hybrid materials, one-dimensional materials, two-dimensional materials, and so on. Various fabrication methods have been utilized to manipulate the properties of ambipolar materials for better applications in thin-film transistors, synaptic transistors, solar cell devices, logic devices, gas sensors, light-emitting transistors, etc. The fascinating properties of ambipolar materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers all around the world, and the field is still developing rapidly.
A new type of carborane-based electron-accepting material
Authors: Lee Sunhee , Shin Jisu , Ko Doo-Hyun , Han Won-Sik
Published: September 2020

Direct attachment of the ethynyl group significantly affects the electrochemical properties of o-Cb systems.
Unexpected disruption of the dimensionality-driven two-photon absorption enhancement within a multipolar polypyridyl ruthenium complex series
Authors: Durand Nicolas , Mhanna Rana , Savel Paul , Akdas-Kiliç Huriye , Malval Jean-Pierre , Soppera Olivier , Fillaut Jean-Luc
Published: September 2020

The dimensionality-induced two-photon absorption enhancement is rationalized within a multipolar Ru-complex series with an unexpected disruptive effect emerging from inter-branch ‘anti-cooperative’ couplings.
Enhanced nuclear accumulation of pyrrole–imidazole polyamides by incorporation of the tri-arginine vector
Authors: Hidaka Takuya , Tsubono Yutaro , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

The tri-arginine vector enhanced cellular uptake of a 12-ring pyrrole–imidazole polyamide and significantly reduced the concentration of compound required for transcriptional repression of SOX2.
Machine learning lattice constants for cubic perovskite A22+BB′O6 compounds
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: September 2020

The GPR model (M2) is developed to elucidate the statistical relationship among ionic radii, electronegativities, oxidation states, and lattice constants for cubic A22+BB′O6 perovskites. The model demonstrates a high degree of accuracy and stability.
Copper sulfide nanostructures and their sodium storage properties
Authors: Gu Yarong , Li Tingting , Guo Bingkun , Jiang Yutao , Wen Weijia , Wu Jinbo , Zhao Lijuan
Published: September 2020

Hexagonal CuS nanosheets and microspheres composed of numerous flakes were successfully prepared by sonochemical and solvothermal methods, respectively.
Exploring thiophene-2-acetate and thiophene-3-acetate binding modes towards the molecular and supramolecular structures and photoluminescence properties of Pb(ii) polymers
Authors: Kowalik Mateusz , Masternak Joanna , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Kupcewicz Bogumiła , Khavryuchenko Oleksiy V. , Barszcz Barbara
Published: September 2020

The isomeric ligands thiophene-2(3)-acetate as linkers were used to construct Pb(ii) coordination polymers with an intriguing structure, noncovalent interactions, topology and interesting photoluminescence properties.
Potentiometric extractive sensing of lead ions over a nickel oxide intercalated chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite
Authors: Kushwaha Chandra Shekhar , Shukla S. K.
Published: September 2020

The present research paper reports the extractive potentiometric sensing of lead ions over a chemically functionalized ternary nanocomposite of nickel oxide intercalated chitosan grafted polyaniline with better sensing properties.
Photochemical [2 + 2] polymerization of metal–organic gels of a rigid and angular diene with silver-salts of diverse anions: selective dye-sorption and luminescence by xerogels
Authors: Mandal Rajorshi , Biradha Kumar
Published: September 2020

Four Ag(i) metal–organic gels (MOGs) of an angular rigid diene were found to undergo [2 + 2] photo-polymerization reactions both in gel and xerogel states. The xerogels of these MOGs exhibit selective dye-sorption and luminescence properties.
Impact of coagulation–ultrafiltration on long-term pipe biofilm dynamics in a full-scale chloraminated drinking water distribution system
Authors: Pullerits Kristjan , Chan Sandy , Ahlinder Jon , Keucken Alexander , Rådström Peter , Paul Catherine J.
Published: September 2020

Introducing coagulation–ultrafiltration removed bacteria from the drinking water but did not impact nitrification, localizing this process to the biofilm community.
A minireview on multiparameter-activated nanodevices for cancer imaging and therapy
Authors: Bai Huarong , Peng Ruizi , Wang Dan , Sawyer Martin , Fu Ting , Cui Cheng , Tan Weihong
Published: September 2020

Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanodevices are essential tools for cancer imaging and therapy.
Fe(ii)-Assisted one-pot synthesis of ultra-small core–shell Au–Pt nanoparticles as superior catalysts towards the HER and ORR
Authors: Cao Yi , Xiahou Yujiao , Xing Lixiang , Zhang Xiang , Li Hong , Wu ChenShou , Xia Haibing
Published: September 2020

Ultra-small core–shell Au–Pt nanoparticles synthesized by an Fe(ii)-assisted one-pot method exhibit superior performance towards the HER and ORR.
Mapping the capacitance of self-assembled monolayers at metal/electrolyte interfaces at the nanoscale by in-liquid scanning dielectric microscopy
Authors: Millan-Solsona Ruben , Checa Martí , Fumagalli Laura , Gomila Gabriel
Published: September 2020

The specific capacitance of ultrathin organic self-assembled monolayers at metal/electrolyte interfaces is measured with nanoscale spatial resolution.
Self-assembled nitride–metal nanocomposites: recent progress and future prospects
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2020

Self-assembled nitride–metal nanocomposites offering flexible geometrical control and tunable functionalities towards metamaterial design and nanophotonic devices.
Stereoselective synthesis of dispiro heterocycles by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with a thiazolo[3,2-a]indole derivative
Authors: Sathi Vidya , Thomas Noble V. , Deepthi Ani
Published: September 2020

Green synthesis of dispiro oxindole heterocycles by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatin-derived azomethine ylides with a dipolarophile derived from thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,3-dione.
Photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2 into HCOOH using a polymeric carbon nitride photoanode and Cu cathode
Authors: Ma Yiwen , Fang Yuanxing , Fu Xianzhi , Wang Xinchen
Published: September 2020

A photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) system is developed for HCOOH production by the reduction of CO2 that is achieved by light illumination without any sacrificial agent.
Regulating the aggregation of colloidal particles in an electro-osmotic micropump
Authors: Zhang Zhu , de Graaf Joost , Faez Sanli
Published: September 2020

Field switching protocol resolves congestion of colloidal particles caused by the balance of osmotic pressure and electro-osmotic pumping inside a channel.
Optimised hyperbolic microchannels for the mechanical characterisation of bio-particles
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zografos Konstantinos , Fidalgo Joana , Duchêne Charles , Quintard Clément , Darnige Thierry , Filipe Vasco , Huille Sylvain , du Roure Olivia , Oliveira Mónica S. N. , Lindner Anke
Published: September 2020

The transport of bio-particles in optimised extension/compression microfluidic geometries exhibits a rich variety of dynamical behaviour, such as morphological transitions, deformation or complex orientation dynamics.
pH-Responsive aggregates transition from spherical micelles to WLMs induced by hydrotropes based on the dynamic imine bond
Authors: Kang Xin , Kang Wanli , Yang Hongbin , Hou Xiaoyu , Zhu Tongyu , Wang Pengxiang , Li Menglan , Jiang Haizhuang , Zhang Min
Published: September 2020

pH-responsive aggregates transition from spherical micelles to WLMs and the formation of dynamic covalent hydrotropes has been researched.
Low profile broadband substrate‐integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide transition for W‐band automotive radar
Authors: Dong Haoyi , Chen Jixin , Hou Debin , Hong Wei
Published: September 2020

Low profile broadband substrate‐integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide (RWG) transitions have been proposed for RF verification of W‐band automotive radar. The transition is designed on a PCB, which is assembled between the radar board and instrument waveguide port. In the design of the transition, a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole is introduced to excite the basic mode of RWG, and a bowtie slot is designed to excite the ME dipole with a broadband performance. The measured frequency band of back‐to‐back transitions is 68.4–85.3 GHz for a 5 mil RO3003 covered multilayer radar board and 68.6–89.3 GHz for a 10 mil RO3003 covered board, respectively. The calibrated single transition loss is 0.58 and 0.33 dB, respectively. The proposed low profile transitions are robust to assembly errors and convenient for fast RF verification of automotive front‐end in the design stage.
Solution proposal to the unit commitment problem incorporating manifold uncertainties
Authors: Zhai Fang , Shi Libao
Published: September 2020

The widespread uncertainties have made the interaction of renewable energy sources and power grid more complicated and difficult to handle. This study proposes a solution proposal to the unit commitment problem incorporating multiple uncertainties, consisting of probability, possibility, and interval measures. To handle the manifold uncertainties in a focused and efficient manner, the evidence theory (ET) is applied to fuse these uncertain variables into Dempster–Shafer (DS) structure. Furthermore, the uncertainty of power loss is considered and modelled by applying the ET and the extended affine arithmetic framework. Regarding the highly non‐linear mix‐discrete constrained multivariable characteristic of the established optimisation model, an enhanced binary grey wolf optimiser algorithm is introduced, in which some key issues such as how to compare the objective function values with DS structure, how to deal with the inequality constraints with DS structure, and how to repair the constraints during the solution process are elaborately discussed. Finally, the IEEE 30‐bus test system and a real‐sized 183‐bus China power system are studied to demonstrate the validity and scalability of the proposed model and method.
Doppler shift oscillations of a sunspot detected by CYRA and IRIS
Authors: Li D. , Yang X. , Bai X. Y. , Su J. T. , Ning Z. J. , Cao W. , Deng Y. Y.
Published: September 2020

Context. The carbon monoxide (CO) molecular line at around 46655 Å in solar infrared spectra is often used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the cold heart of the solar atmosphere, i.e., sunspot oscillation, especially at the sunspot umbra.

Aims. We investigated sunspot oscillation at Doppler velocities of the CO 7-6 R67 and 3-2 R14 lines that were measured by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA), as well as the line profile of Mg II k line that was detected by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Methods. A single Gaussian function is applied to each CO line profile to extract the line shift, while the moment analysis method is used for the Mg II k line. Then the sunspot oscillation can be found in the time–distance image of Doppler velocities, and the quasi-periodicity at the sunspot umbra are determined from the wavelet power spectrum. Finally, the cross-correlation method is used to analyze the phase relation between different atmospheric levels.

Results. At the sunspot umbra, a periodicity of roughly 5 min is detected at the Doppler velocity range of the CO 7-6 R67 line that formed in the photosphere, while a periodicity of around 3 min is discovered at the Doppler velocities of CO 3-2 R14 and Mg II k lines that formed in the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and the chromosphere. A time delay of about 2 min is measured between the strong CO 3-2 R14 line and the Mg II k line.

Conclusions. Based on the spectroscopic observations from the CYRA and IRIS, the 3 min sunspot oscillation can be spatially resolved in the Doppler shifts. It may come from the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and then propagate to the chromosphere, which might be regarded as a propagating slow magnetoacoustic wave.
Research on the Evaluation of Agricultural Disaster Resistance in Henan Province Based on GIS Technology
Authors: Han Hong , Feng Guanghui , Deng Guoqu
Published: September 2020

Using the University of Notre Dame Global Climate Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN) assessment model for reference, the assessment system and model of agricultural disaster resistance in Henan Province are constructed. The spatial characteristics of agricultural disaster resistance subsystem (vulnerability and preparedness) of 18 cities in Henan Province in 2018 were studied by using GIS technology from six perspctives such as sensitivity, exposure, emergency, management, capacity to analyze. The results show that the agricultural disaster resistance ability of Henan Province is in the middle to lower level, showing the spatial difference pattern of high in the west, low in the southeast and weak in the north and south; the difference of vulnerability index is small, and the difference of preparedness index is large; the difference in the degree of preparedness is the main reason for the obvious difference in the level of agricultural disaster resistance; the development of agricultural disaster resistance in different regions is not balanced, and the disaster resistance in Zhengzhou is the strongest, followed by Luoyang and Sanmenxia, Zhoukou and Zhumadian are less resilient.
Radio frequency heating for corn seeds: Model development and uniformity optimization
Authors: Wei Shuo , Wang Fenghe , Fan Ben , Yang Deyong
Published: September 2020

Radio frequency (RF) heating has been considered as a promising method for food pasteurization and disinfestations, materials and heating uniformity are the main considerations in developing and scaling-up RF treatment protocols. In this study, an experimentally validated model of corn seeds was developed to investigate its RF heating characteristics and effects of sample shape on heating uniformity. Results showed that hot spots distributed in the corners and edges but cold ones in the centre of the rectangular sample, which led to the concentration of electric field at the sample edges, thus increased their electric field intensity and loss power. Comparing the temperature distributions of corn samples in six shapes, the best heating uniformity was observed in the special round sample (round corners, edges and surfaces), its uniformity index was 0.04, as its special round surface made the direction of the electromagnetic field in the sample incline to the centre, and homogenized the electric field intensity and loss power density. The results provide an evidence for temperature prediction and uniformity improvement of corn seeds during RF heating.
Comparative nutritional analysis for different varieties of Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok)
Authors: Liang Kehong , Zhu Hong , Zhao Xin , Chen Xue , Ma Dongxia , Wang Tong , Wang Jing
Published: September 2020

Macrounutrients (protein, moisture, ash, dietary fiber), vitamin E, Vitamin C, mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn), six soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, galactose, xylose, arabinose) and four organic acids (oxalic, succinic, tartaric, malic acid) were studied in five varieties of Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis(Bge.) Sok) for the first time. The results indicated that Chinese dwarf cherry offers a rich source of minerals, especially Ca and Fe, with the Ca content was 8-10 times that of apples, and K content was 5-20 times that of apples. In addition, Chinese dwarf cherry was also a provider of vitamin C, sucrose, and malic acid. Our result provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization and development of Chinese dwarf cherry.
Game analysis of Behaviors among Food Safety Governance subjects
Authors: Song Lisha , Wang Qinghua , Shi Hongyang
Published: September 2020

Effective governance is the fundamental guarantee for effective food safety governance. Food safety governance involves many stakeholders and complex interest conflicts. Effective coordination of the interests and behaviors of all parties is the key to improving governance effectiveness. One of the main dilemmas of food safety governance is information asymmetry. On this basis, this paper discusses the interest relationships and behaviors of the government, enterprises, and the public in the process of food safety governance, and constructs a behavioral game analysis between the central government and local governments and between the government, enterprises, and the public. The results show that the food safety governance is the most effective when the objectives and behaviors of governance subjects are consistent and compatible. The higher the cost of central government governance is, the more proactive local governments are in governance, the better the enterprise self-restrain and self-govern, the greater the enthusiasm of the public to participate in governance is, the more effective the food safety governance.
Insecticidal activity of the crude extract from Epichloë bromicola against Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Guo Zhao-Ling , Li Fan , Cheng Fang-Shu , Song Qiu-Yan
Published: September 2020

Rhopalosiphum padi is a important pest in agricultural production. In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and improve the control effect, we reported the insecticidal activity of the crude extract from 20 strains Epichloë bromicola isolated from Elymus tangutorum. The results showed that the crude extract of E. bromicola had certain insecticidal activity against R. padi. The experimental results showed that 10 strains with good activity were 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 16, 18, 12 and 19, and their mortality rate reached more than 50% at 48h. However, the four strains of 13, 14, 15 and 17 had no insecticidal activity, but could promote the growth of R. padi. Among them, strain 7 had the best insecticidal activity at 48h, and the mortality rate reached 88.3%. The weakest insecticidal activity was strain 14, with a mortality rate of 21.7%. Strain 18 had the best insecticidal activity within 24h, with a mortality rate of 33.3%. At the same time, the mortality rate of 48h was significantly higher than that of 24h. In conclusion, these strains with significant insecticidal activity will be of great significance for the biological control of R. padi in the future.
Design and Experiment of a Portable Near-infrared Spectrum Detection System for Fruits and Vegetables Quality-inspection
Authors: Su Zheng , Lu Zelong , Yang Mingyang , Wu Zhaoxin , Xu Ruoyao
Published: September 2020

To meet the practical needs of rapid and non-destructive detection in fruit and vegetable processing, this paper designs a developed portable near-infrared spectrum quality-detection device. In this design, the digital micromirror device of the near-infrared micro-electromechanical system is used as the light splitting element, and the detection information is obtained by a single-point detector, to realize the miniaturization design of the spectrum detection system and significantly reduce the cost. Moreover, the quality inspection model is established based on the PLS method and the principal component analysis method. From the results of the prediction set, the model established by the logarithm of the original absorption spectrum (1/R) and the PLS method is applicable, with a high correlation coefficient (0.9537) and low corrected root mean square error (0.3776). This research can provide reference data for the design of low-cost, practical, and miniaturized near-infrared spectrum detection systems.
Synthesis of cobalt doped mesoporous silica by using the rice husks as both silicon source and template with its catalytic oxidation of 2-methyl pyridine
Authors: Zhai Zhongbiao , Miao Yingchun , Gang Xie , Yang Shanshan , Chen Jing
Published: September 2020

Cobalt doped mesoporous silica (Co-SiO2) was prepared using the rice husks as both silicon source and template. Structural characterization of the catalysts was done by various techniques, such as Xray diffraction, FT-IR, N2 adsorption/desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. Co-SiO2 was used as a catalyst for the oxidation of 2-methyl pyridine and exhibited high substrate conversion (94.6%) and good product (2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) selectivity (92.4%). It even exhibited higher selectivity than Co-MTiO2, Co-MCM-41, Co-SBA-15. Fast hot catalyst filtration experiment proved that the catalyst acted as a heterogeneous one and it can be reused with almost the same activity.
Effection of cordycepin on Inhibition proliferation by activating autophagy in HepG2 cell
Authors: Tianjiao Li , Bijun Cheng , Fenglin Li
Published: September 2020

Cordycepin, the main active component of Cordyceps militaris, possesses a variety of biological activities. This paper investigated the inhibition of cordycepin on liver tumors. HepG2 cells were treated with cordycepin. The inhibition rates of cell proliferation was detected by MTT, LC3 protein was detected by immunofluorescence method, autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy, autophagy related protein was detected by Western blot. The results showed that cordycepin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and significantly increased the expression level of LC3 protein (<0.05). and the autophagy increased in the cells. The Atg-related protein analysis showed that cordycepin significantly reduced the p-mTOR / β-actin ratio and p62 / β-actin ratio (<0.01), and significantly increased the LC3II/LC3I ratio (P<0.01). The results suggested that cordycepin inhibited the proliferation by activating autophagy in HepG2 cells.
Effect of dynamic high pressure microfluidization on physical properties of goji juice, mango juice and carrot puree
Authors: Abliz Arzigül , Liu Jinfang , Gao Yanxiang
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effects of dynamic high pressure homogenization (DHPM) at different pressures and passes on particle size distribution, soluble solids content, pH and color of goji juice, mango juice and carrot puree were studied. The results showed that DHPM reduced the particle size of the samples significantly (p < 0.05). pH and total soluble solids content of samples varied greatly depending on the DHPM treatment parameters. For color analysis, DHPM treatment at higher pressure was beneficial to color improvement, but the number of homogenization passes was not. The results provided a certain reference for the homogenization process in the processing of different fruit and vegetable juice/puree.
Self learning mode of flash animation course under open studio mode
Authors: Min Zhang
Published: September 2020

In order to further develop the self-learning mode of flash animation course under the open studio mode, it is necessary to reform the courses. Under the open studio mode, the reform of self-learning mode of flash animation course needs to be carried out under the premise of a comprehensive understanding of the purpose and goal of education. Flash animation course, as a course with strong application and operation, focuses on training students’ practical design and operation ability. It is a course suitable for teachers to guide students’ learning process. Under the open studio mode, the reform of self-learning mode of flash animation course must put forward higher requirements for teachers and learners in order to promote the development of education.
Study on Countermeasures of Unbalanced Quotation
Authors: Wan Yun , Wu Lang
Published: September 2020

This paper takes the unbalanced quotation method in the process of project bidding as the research object, analyzes its common means, causes and possible consequences. Research shows that serious unbalanced quotation will disturb the normal process of bidding. Finally, from the perspective of the owner, put forward the response strategies before bidding, in bid evaluation and in project implementation.
Drei Top-Indikationen für den Einsatz kieferorthopädischer Minischrauben
Authors: Baumgaertel Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Drei kieferorthopädische Probleme werden in der modernen Praxis regelmäßig mit kieferorthopädischen Minischrauben korrigiert. Dieser Artikel erläutert die theoretischen Grundlagen wie die Verankerungsproblematik in der Biomechanik und die Wahl der korrekten Insertionsstelle und erläutert anhand klinischer Beispiele wie Molaren Mesialisierung, Korrektur des frontal offenen Bisses und Distalisierung des Unterkieferzahnbogens einfach, erfolgreich und verlässlich zu erzielen sind.
Bewusstheit schulen – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: September 2020

Tobias Speck beschäftigte sich im Rahmen seiner Bachelorarbeit mit „Bewusstheit durch Bewegung“ – einem Teil der Feldenkrais-Methode®, bei dem in der Gruppe geübt wird. Er fragte sich, ob und wie sich die Methode auf das Schmerzerleben und die Lebensqualität auswirkt.
Das Optimum herausholen – Krisenmanagement
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: September 2020

Von den Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie waren und sind auch die Therapiepraxen ernsthaft betroffen. Wie geht man mit einer solchen unerwarteten Krise um? Und was kann man tun, um daran nicht zu verzweifeln?
Radiographic Recognition of Tarsal Malformation in 8- to 9-Week-Old Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , Briotti Francesca , Mortellaro Carlo M. , Boudrieau Randy J.
Published: September 2020

Introduction Tarsal malformation is a skeletal malformation of unknown aetiology associated with a variety of morphologic changes to the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the dog.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if early diagnosis and prevalence of tarsal malformation could be obtained at approximately 8 to 9 weeks of age in multiple litters of Bernese Mountain dogs.

Methods A prospective study of 51 Bernese Mountain dog puppies were evaluated from 12 litters in northern Italy. Dorsoplantar radiographic views of the tarsus were obtained at 60 ± 5 days of age. Tarsal malformation was defined as an abnormal extension of the central tarsal bone on its medial side, or the presence of ectopic bone located medially to the central tarsal bone, talus and second metatarsal bones (proximomedial, distomedial and metatarsal ossification sites respectively).

Results All puppies were found to be clinically normal. Thirty-nine of the 51 puppies showed ossification sites medial to the tarsus as defined. A metatarsal ossification was present in all dogs with either a proximo- or distomedial ossification site. No central tarsal bone extensions were observed. The remainder of the tarsometatarsal joints were normal.

Clinical Significance Tarsal malformation can be identified in the 8- to 9-week-old Bernese Mountain dog. The clinical significance of tarsal malformation remains to be determined, either as an incidental finding or a precursor to the development of other clinically relevant and related issues in the tarsus.
Stage 4S Neuroblastoma: What Are the Outcomes? A Systematic Review of Published Studies
Authors: Raitio Arimatias , Rice Michael J. , Mullassery Dhanya , Losty Paul D.
Published: September 2020

Introduction The prognosis of stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma has traditionally been reported as excellent, yet conflicting treatment protocols exist for this enigmatic disease. To critically address this question, we have undertaken a systematic review of published studies to accurately determine outcomes for infants with stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma.

Materials and Methods Studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the relevant search terms. Literature reviews, case reports, and adult studies were excluded. Data were extracted independently following article selection by three authors and reviewed by the senior author.

Results The original search retrieved 2,325 articles. Following application of exclusion criteria and removing duplicate data, 37 studies (1,105 patients) were included for final review. Overall patient survival was 84%. Twelve studies (544 patients) recorded MYCN status. Mortality in MYCN amplified tumors was 56%. Chromosome 1p/11q status was reported in four studies and 1p/11q deletion carried a 40% fatality rate. Management included observation only (201 patients, 8.5% mortality), surgical resection of primary tumor only (153 patients, 6.5% mortality), chemotherapy only (186 patients, 21% mortality), radiotherapy (5 deaths, 33% mortality), chemotherapy with surgery (160 patients, 10% mortality), surgery with radiotherapy (21 patients, 19% mortality), radiotherapy with chemotherapy (42 patients, 29% mortality), and surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (27 patients, 33% mortality).

Conclusion There is a significant mortality observed in stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma infants with a dismal outcome observed in those patients with MYCN amplification and 1p/11q deletion. Those patients suitably amenable for conservative management or surgery to excise the primary tumor carry the best prognosis.
Corona-Tests: Kampf um Ressourcen
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: September 2020

Reiserückkehrer können sich nun – für sie kostenfrei – auf das Corona-Virus testen lassen. Für Urlauber aus Nicht-Risikogebieten ist dies freiwillig, für Reisende, die aus Risikogebieten kommen, ist der Test Pflicht. Aber Vorsicht: Es fehlt schon heute an Nachschub für die dafür benötigten Materialien.