bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of RKIP Inhibits Cell Invasion in Glioma Cell Lines through Upregulation of miR-98
Authors: Chen Zigui , Cheng Quan , Ma Zhiming , Xi Haipeng , Peng Renjun , Jiang Bing
Published: December 2013

Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a tumor and metastasis suppressor in cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to play a vital role in tumor initiation and progression by negatively regulating oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Quite recently, studies have identified some miRNAs operating to promote or suppress tumor invasion or metastasis via regulating metastasis-related genes, providing potential therapeutic targets on antimetastasis strategy. In this study, we found that the expression of RKIP and miR-98 in glioma tissues were significantly lower than that in normal brain tissues. Overexpression of RKIP upregulated miR-98 expression and inhibited glioma cell invasion and miR-98 target gene HMGA2 but had no effect in glioma cell proliferation. Moreover, forced expression of miR-98 accelerated the inhibition of glioma cell invasion and the expression of HMGA2 also had no effect in glioma cell proliferation. Our findings newly described RKIP/miR-98 to HMGA2 link and provided a potential mechanism for glioma cell invasion. RKIP and miR-98 may illustrate the potential therapeutic utility of signaling pathway signatures.
Fermentative Succinate Production: An Emerging Technology to Replace the Traditional Petrochemical Processes
Authors: Cao Yujin , Zhang Rubing , Sun Chao , Cheng Tao , Liu Yuhua , Xian Mo
Published: December 2013

Succinate is a valuable platform chemical for multiple applications. Confronted with the exhaustion of fossil energy resources, fermentative succinate production from renewable biomass to replace the traditional petrochemical process is receiving an increasing amount of attention. During the past few years, the succinate-producing process using microbial fermentation has been made commercially available by the joint efforts of researchers in different fields. In this review, recent attempts and experiences devoted to reduce the production cost of biobased succinate are summarized, including strain improvement, fermentation engineering, and downstream processing. The key limitations and challenges faced in current microbial production systems are also proposed.
Analysis of a Fractional‐Order Couple Model with Acceleration in Feelings
Authors: Koca Ilknur , Ozalp Nuri
Published: December 2013

A fractional‐order nonlinear dynamical model of couple has been introduced. Upper bounds are obtained for a fractional‐order nonlinear dynamical model. Also different from other models, a model with the order 2α is discussed. We are expecting an acceleration in feelings; that is why we increase the order of the derivative between 1 < 2α ≤ 2. Stability analysis of the fractional‐order nonlinear dynamical model of involving two persons is studied using the fractional Routh‐Hurwitz criteria. By using stability analysis on fractional‐order system, we obtain sufficient condition on the parameters for the locally asymptotic stability of equilibrium points. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the obtained results.
GiantDe NovoPleomorphic Adenoma Arising from the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Hwang Sang , Choroomi Sim , McArdle Ben , Jacobson Ian
Published: December 2013

Introduction.De novopleomorphic adenomas in the parapharyngeal space are rare and cause difficulties in its surgical management. We report the largestde novopleomorphic adenoma arising from the parapharyngeal space and discuss its surgical management.Presentation of Case. A 34-year-old male presented with a giantde novopleomorphic adenoma arising from the parapharyngeal space, which was initially misdiagnosed as an impacted wisdom tooth. Measuring8.4×6.5×3.9 cm in size and weighing 87.3 g, this is the largest primary salivary gland tumour arisingde novofrom the parapharyngeal space reported in the literature, presenting challenges in its surgical management.Discussion. Parapharyngeal space tumours cause nonspecific symptoms and may be difficult to diagnose, which can allow the tumours to become very large and cause obstructive and compressive symptoms in an anatomically difficult area. A combined trans-cervical and trans-oral approach can be used to safely perform anen blocresection.Conclusion. We report the diagnosis and surgical management of the largest pleomorphic adenoma arisingde novofrom the parapharyngeal space reported in the literature.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Correlation to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Authors: Srabovic Nahida , Mujagic Zlata , Mujanovic-Mustedanagic Jasminka , Softic Adaleta , Muminovic Zdeno , Rifatbegovic Adi , Begic Lejla
Published: December 2013

VEGF-A is the most potent angiogenic factor in tumour angiogenesis. Its effects are mediated via two receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Primary aim of our study was to examine the expression of VEGFR-1 in breast cancer and its correlation to VEGF expression, lymph node status, tumour size, histological grade, and hormone receptor status. To examine the VEGFR-1 and VEGF expressions in tumour and surrounding tissue of 51 breast cancer patients, and in healthy breast tissue of 30 benign breast diseases patients, we used three-step immunohistochemical staining. VEGFR-1 and VEGF expressions were significantly increased in breast cancer tumour in relation to surrounding tissue (P<0.01), and the VEGF expression was significantly increased in lymph node positive breast cancer patients (P<0.01). VEGFR-1 and VEGF expressions were significantly higher in breast cancer tumour compared with healthy breast tissue (P<0.01). Significant correlation between VEGF and VEGFR-1 expressions was found (P<0.05). No significant correlations between VEGF and VEGFR-1 expressions and tumour size, histological grade, and hormone receptor status were found. Increased expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGF in breast cancer tumour and significant correlation between these proteins suggest the possible role of VEGF/VEGFR-1 signalization in breast cancer development, although VEGFR-1 potential prognostic value was not confirmed.
Uniform Attractor and Approximate Inertial Manifolds for Nonautonomous Long-Short Wave Equations
Authors: Cui Hongyong , Xin Jie
Published: December 2013

Nonautonomous long-short wave equations with quasiperiodic forces are studied. We prove the existence of the uniform attractor for the system by means of energy method, which is widely used to deal with problems who have no continuity (with respect to the initial data) property, as well as to those which Sobolev compact imbedding cannot be applied. Afterwards, we construct an approximate inertial manifold by means of extending phase space method and we estimated the size of the corresponding attracting neighborhood for this manifold.
What Guides Visual Overt Attention under Natural Conditions? Past and Future Research
Authors: Kaspar Kai
Published: December 2013

In the last decade, overt attention under natural conditions became a prominent topic in neuroscientific and psychological research. In this context, one central question is “what guides the direction of gaze on complex visual scenes?” In the present review recent research on bottom-up influences on overt attention is presented first. Against this background, strengths and limitations of the bottom-up approach are discussed and future directions in this field are outlined. In addition to that, the current scope on top-down factors in visual attention is enlarged by discussing the impact of emotions and motivational tendencies on viewing behavior. Overall, this review highlights how behavioral and neurophysiological research on overt attention can benefit from a broader scope on influential factors in visual attention.
Off-Label Use of Ondansetron in Pregnancy in Western Australia
Authors: Colvin Lyn , Gill Andrew W. , Slack-Smith Linda , Stanley Fiona J. , Bower Carol
Published: December 2013

Aims. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition in pregnancy. There is an increasing trend to prescribe ondansetron although its safety for use in pregnancy has not been established.Methods. Exposed pregnancies were all births in Western Australia, 2002–2005, where the mother was dispensed ondansetron under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, compared with all other births during the same period. Outcomes investigated include maternal and child characteristics, birth defects, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics.Results. There were 96,968 births from 2002 to 2005. Ondansetron was dispensed to 251 pregnant women during this period. The women dispensed ondansetron were more likely to be privately insured (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 4.3–7.9), to be Caucasian (3.3; 1.9–5.7), not to smoke during their pregnancy (2.9; 1.8–4.7), to have a multiple birth (2.7; 1.5–5.0), and to have used fertility treatment (1.8; 1.0–3.4). There was a small but not significantly increased risk of a major birth defect with first trimester exposure (1.2; 0.6–2.2).Conclusions. Our study did not detect any adverse outcomes from the use of ondansetron in pregnancy but could not conclude that ondansetron is safe to use in pregnancy.
In VivoEvaluation of Ethanolic Extract ofZingiber officinaleRhizomes for Its Protective Effect against Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Abdulaziz Bardi Daleya , Halabi Mohammed Farouq , Abdullah Nor Azizan , Rouhollahi Elham , Hajrezaie Maryam , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen
Published: December 2013

Zingiber officinaleis a traditional medicine against various disorders including liver diseases.The aim of this study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of rhizomes ofZ. officinale(ERZO) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Five groups of maleSprague Dawleyhave been used. In group 1 rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline while groups 2–5 received thioacetamide (TAA, 200 mg/kg; i.p.) for induction of liver cirrhosis, thrice weekly for eight weeks. Group 3 received 50 mg/kg of silymarin. The rats in groups 4 and 5 received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ERZO (dissolved in 10% Tween), respectively. Hepatic damage was assessed grossly and microscopically for all of the groups. Results confirmed the induction of liver cirrhosis in group 2 whilst administration of silymarin or ERZO significantly reduced the impact of thioacetamide toxicity. These groups decreased fibrosis of the liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry assessment against proliferating cell nuclear antigen did not show remarkable proliferation in the ERZO-treated rats when compared with group 2. Moreover, factions of the ERZO extract were tested on Hep-G2 cells and showed antiproliferative activity (IC5038–60 μg/mL). This study showed hepatoprotective effect of ERZO.
Capillaroscopy in Psoriatic and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Useful Tool for Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Graceffa Dario , Amorosi Beatrice , Maiani Elisa , Bonifati Claudio , Chimenti Maria Sole , Perricone Roberto , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: December 2013

Impairment of capillaries permeability and changes of microcirculation are associated with inflammatory arthritis. In order to demonstrate microvascular differences between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we analyzed capillaroscopic abnormalities such as megacapillaries, haemorrhages, ramifications, and avascular areas in patients affected by these two rheumatic disorders. Moreover to identify specific capillaroscopy patterns we analyzed the following parameters: venous limb diameter, arterial limb diameter, capillary loop diameter, amplitude of the capillary loop, linear density of capillaries (on 2 mm), and number of twisted capillaries (on 4 mm). Through a comparative morphometric analysis of capillaroscopy, our study demonstrated the presence of specific microvascular differences between PsA and RA providing an additional diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis. We also suggest that capillaries structural abnormalities might reflect endothelial injury due to systemic inflammation during chronic arthritis.
Genetic Analysis of GHR Should Contain Sequencing of All Coding Exons and Specific Intron Sequences, and Screening for Exon Deletions
Authors: Walenkamp M.J.E. , Klammt J. , Feigerlova E. , Losekoot M. , van Duyvenvoorde H.A. , Hwa V. , Pfäffle R. , Wit J.M.
Published: December 2013

Background: The work-up of patients with clinical and/or biochemical features of growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) usually contains genetic analysis of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene, and if negative, of STAT5B, IGFALS and IGF1. In a previous report we described 2 siblings presenting with short stature, low IGF-1 levels, elevated GH secretion and no increase of IGF-1 after 1 week of GH administration. Repeated analysis of the GHR showed no abnormalities; however, further testing revealed a heterozygous STAT5B defect in both siblings. Subjects and Methods: Two boys of Surinam-Hindustan origin showed growth failure up to the age of 6-7 years, followed by partial catch-up growth associated with increasing body mass index. Reanalysis of GHR including published intronic sequences was performed on the patients' DNA collected 7 years earlier. Results: The heterozygous STAT5B variant proved to be functionally benign. A homozygous intronic mutation of the GHR, c.618+792A>G (IVS6+792A>G), was subsequently found, resulting in the activation of pseudoexon 6ψ, and explaining the GHI phenotype of the patients. Conclusion: An intronic GHR mutation should be considered in all patients with signs of GHI and no coding exon mutations, even if the phenotype is mild and even if other genetic variants have been found.
São Paulo: alguns documentos do século XVIII
Authors: Groppi Mirta
Published: December 2013

Este artigo apresenta o resultado da busca de documentos para a constituição do corpus pertencente ao projeto A situação linguística de São Paulo no século XVIII. O trabalho alude ao problema das fontes para a pesquisa na Linguística Histórica. O objetivo fundamental desta publicação é oferecer os documentos encontrados e selecionados, assim como a revisão de outros documentos já publicados (Atas da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo).
Aprender a ler, escrever e cantar no Brasil do século XVIII
Authors: Flexor Maria Helena Ochi
Published: December 2013

Destacam-se as reformas promovidas no reinado de D. José I, especialmente pela ação de seu Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos Negócios do Reino, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Conde de Oeiras, depois Marquês de Pombal, incluindo a obrigatoriedade do ensino e do uso da língua portuguesa. Transcreve-se um modelo de cartilha para ensinar a ler, escrever, contar e a doutrina cristã.
Cooperative Interaction of
trp
Melastatin Channel Transient Receptor Potential (TRPM2) With Its Splice Variant TRPM2 Short Variant Is Essential for Endothelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Hecquet Claudie M. , Zhang Min , Mittal Manish , Vogel Stephen M. , Di Anke , Gao Xiaopei , Bonini Marcelo G. , Malik Asrar B.
Published: December 2013

Rationale:

Oxidants generated by activated endothelial cells are known to induce apoptosis, a pathogenic feature of vascular injury and inflammation from multiple pathogeneses. The melastatin-family transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel is an oxidant-sensitive Ca
2+
permeable channel implicated in mediating apoptosis; however, the mechanisms of gating of the supranormal Ca
2+
influx required for initiating of apoptosis are not understood.

Objective:

Here, we addressed the role of TRPM2 and its interaction with the short splice variant TRPM2 short variant (TRPM2-S) in mediating the Ca
2+
entry burst required for induction of endothelial cell apoptosis.

Methods and Results:

We observed that TRPM2-S was basally associated with TRPM2 in the endothelial plasmalemma, and this interaction functioned to suppress TRPM2-dependent Ca
2+
gating constitutively. Reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells or directly applying reactive oxygen species induced protein kinase C-α activation and phosphorylation of TRPM2 at Ser 39. This in turn stimulated a large entry of Ca
2+
and activated the apoptosis pathway. A similar TRPM2-dependent endothelial apoptosis mechanism was seen in intact vessels. The protein kinase C-α–activated phosphoswitch opened the TRPM2 channel to allow large Ca
2+
influx by releasing TRPM2-S inhibition of TRPM2, which in turn activated caspase-3 and cleaved the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

Conclusions:

Here, we describe a fundamental mechanism by which activation of the
trp
superfamily TRPM2 channel induces apoptosis of endothelial cells. The signaling mechanism involves reactive oxygen species–induced protein kinase C-α activation resulting in phosphorylation of TRPM2-S that allows enhanced TRPM2-mediated gating of Ca
2+
and activation of the apoptosis program. Strategies aimed at preventing the uncoupling of TRPM2-S from TRPM2 and subsequent Ca
2+
gating during oxidative stress may mitigate endothelial apoptosis and its consequences in mediating vascular injury and inflammation.
Brazil’s Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Policies in Africa
Authors: Kenkel Kai Michael
Published: December 2013

This article analyses the peacekeeping efforts of Brazil, an emerging power for which peacebuilding is a key element of its international presence, and which has been strongly critical of the dominant liberal paradigm. Peacebuilding is key to Brazil’s approach, as the country by tradition participates (with the contested exception of MINUSTAH) only in Chapter VI peace operations, abjuring the robust use of force. An activity such as peacebuilding which marries development and security concerns is an ideal setting for Brazil’s foreign policy aims; in order to gain a seat in global decisionmaking bodies, in the absence of hard power and the will to use it Brazil turns to peacebuilding to transform its domestic development successes into action in the security arena. The South American giant has also placed significant emphasis on Africa in part as a means to the end of underscoring – as a voice for the global South – its claim to greater international influence. This article will examine the motivations that underpin Brazil’s commitment to peacebuilding operations, as well as its commitment to that practice in Africa, which has taken place largely on a bilateral basis.
Civil Non-State Actors in Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding in West Africa
Authors: Bah Abu Bakarr
Published: December 2013

This paper advances the notion of civil non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Using Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire as cases studies, the paper identifies three kinds of civil non-state actors in war-torn countries: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based NGOs, and ad hoc community organizations. In addition, it argues that civil non-state actors play a critical problem-solving role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding and complement the role of state actors. The paper examines the role of civil non-state actors through their dialectical affinity with state actors in the peacekeeping and peacebuilding processes. It further expands the notion of non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding to encompass community-based NGOs and ad hoc community organizations. Moreover, it points to the positive role of civil non-state actors and the wide range of activities they perform, especially in peace mediation and post-war reconstruction.
Peacekeepers and the People: Domestic Evaluations of Peacekeeping Operations in Haiti
Authors: Mary Fran T. Malone , Roslyn K. Chavda
Published: December 2013

What leads peacekeeping forces to secure the support of the people they serve? This paper answers this question by examining public support for MINUSTAH, the peacekeeping force currently deployed in Haiti. Our analysis of public opinion data finds that in Haiti, peacekeepers have not fared much better than most domestic institutions in terms of legitimacy. We find that both before and after the 2010 earthquake, public support for peacekeepers trailed the low levels of support for domestic institutions. To understand why MINUSTAH has struggled to earn the support of the people it serves, we examine public evaluations of the peacekeeping mission and identify the determinants of support for peacekeepers, focusing in particular on the role of service provision in predicting people’s support for MINUSTAH.
Validation of the name Aster veitchianus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zhang Guo-Jin , Zhang Cai-Fei , Hu Hai-Hua , Gao Tian-Gang
Published: December 2013

Aster veitchianus, a species endemic to western China, is widely accepted in taxonomic and phytochemical literature (e.g. Hu 1965, Li et al. 2007, Chen et al. 2011). However, its name was not validly published, because the original diagnosis given by Ling (1935: 214) was in French, not in Latin. Thus, Ling did not validate the name A. veitchianus according to Art. 39.1 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). In our survey of the taxonomic literature, we have never found this name accompanied by a Latin diagnosis or description before 31 December 2011, nor by an English diagnosis or description after 1 January 2012. We herein provide an English description to accomplish valid publication of the name. The specimen X. B. Peng 6049 (Fig. 1) deposited in PE is designated as the holotype, which was the only one specimen cited by Ling (1935).
Personal Challenges, Communication Processes, and Team Effectiveness in Military Special Patrol Teams Operating in a Polar Environment
Authors: Kjærgaard Anders , Leon Gloria R. , Fink Birgit A.
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the personal experiences and interpersonal factors that influence the performance of small military teams deployed in an extreme and isolated environment for an extended period of time. Twelve members of the Danish Sirius Patrol operating in Greenland in 6 two-person teams were evaluated over the course of a 7-week Fall and a 23-week Spring dogsledge journey by means of a bi-weekly rating form and debriefing interviews. Ratings of positive affect were significantly higher than negative affect over the course of the journeys ( p = .03); adaptive cognitive and behavioral coping strategies and generally compatible interpersonal relationships were recorded. The importance of appropriate communication for team effectiveness was emphasized, including expectations about their work together and personal goals. The findings also demonstrated the negative influence of unexpected interpersonal events in the home environment on team member relationships and work performance. Applications for long-duration space exploration are discussed.
Strain rate dependent micromechanical modeling of reinforced polymers with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Shokrieh Mahmood M , Mosalmani Reza , Omidi Majid Jamal
Published: December 2013

Nano-phased polymers show strain rate dependent mechanical behaviors owing to the nature of polymers. Therefore, in this study a strain rate dependent constitutive equation is developed based on a micromechanics method, to predict the mechanical behavior of nanocomposites under various loading rates. The Goldberg et al. model, as a constitutive equation of polymers, has been used to predict the strain rate dependent mechanical behavior of pure polymers. Then, this model is combined with a micromechanics method (Halpin–Tsai model) to develop a constitutive equation for nano-phased polymers which predicts the stress–strain behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymers at arbitrary strain rates. Also, contrary to the strain rate dependent behavior of the polymeric matrix, it is assumed that mechanical properties of carbon nanotube particles are not sensitive to loading rates. To verify the proposed model, predicted results are compared with the experimental data of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy (tested in this study) and multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites (available experimental data) under various tensile loading rates.
Vitamin D Represses Dentin Matrix Protein 1 in Cementoblasts and Osteocytes
Authors: Nociti F.H. , Foster B.L. , Tran A.B. , Dunn D. , Presland R. B. , Wang L. , Bhattacharyya N. , Collins M.T. , Somerman M.J.
Published: December 2013

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is achieved by interplay among hormones, including 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D), parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and their interactions with other proteins. For example, mutations in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) result in increased FGF23 and hypophosphatemic rickets. 1,25D is reported to modulate FGF23; thus, we hypothesized that 1,25D may be involved in modulating DMP-1 in an intermediary step. Murine cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4 and MLO-A5), known to express DMP-1, were used to analyze effects of 1,25D on DMP-1 expression in vitro. DMP-1 mRNA levels decreased by 50% ( p < .05) in the presence of 1,25D in all cell types, while use of a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist (EB1089) and antagonist (23S,25S)-DLAM-2P confirmed that VDR pathway activation was required for this response. Further analysis showed that histone deacetylase recruitment was necessary, but neither protein kinase A nor C pathways were required. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that 1,25D regulates DMP-1 expression through a VDR-dependent mechanism, possibly contributing to local changes in bone/tooth mineral homeostasis.
Perceived Destination Image
Authors: Hallmann Kirstin , Zehrer Anita , Müller Sabine
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop a destination image model that shows how the overall destination image of a winter sports destination is defined and how it affects the intention to revisit. The article undertakes a review of the relevant literature and develops a structural equation model for destination image, which is tested with data from a survey of n=795 winter sports tourists in Oberstdorf (Germany) and Saalbach-Hinterglemm (Austria), collected between February 14 and 28, 2011. The model depicts that destination image is a multidimensional concept including important sports characteristics and has an impact on tourists’ intention to revisit the winter sports destinations. Practical implications for tourism marketers, for instance, include that more structural development and architectual changes have to be implemented carefully to maintain the tourists’ perception of landscape or their overall image of the destination.
Luxury Cruise Travelers
Authors: Hyun Sunghyup Sean , Han Heesup
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of other customer perceptions (OCP) in the formation of luxury cruise travelers’ social value, brand attachment, and willingness to pay a price premium. Based on a literature review, theoretical causal relationships between study variables were proposed. During the theory-building process, it was hypothesized that travelers’ face-consciousness levels could play a moderating role in the relationship between OCP and social value. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested using data collected from 342 U.S. travelers who had taken a luxury cruise. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that all three dimensions of OCP are critical factors in the formation of social value. More importantly, it was revealed only face-conscious travelers feel social value when they identify with the other upper-class passengers on a luxury cruise. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Choosing the Number of Categories in Agree–Disagree Scales
Authors: Revilla Melanie A. , Saris Willem E. , Krosnick Jon A.
Published: December 2013

Although agree–disagree (AD) rating scales suffer from acquiescence response bias, entail enhanced cognitive burden, and yield data of lower quality, these scales remain popular with researchers due to practical considerations (e.g., ease of item preparation, speed of administration, and reduced administration costs). This article shows that if researchers want to use AD scales, they should offer 5 answer categories rather than 7 or 11, because the latter yield data of lower quality. This is shown using data from four multitrait-multimethod experiments implemented in the third round of the European Social Survey. The quality of items with different rating scale lengths were computed and compared.
The Mediating Role of the News in the BP Oil Spill Crisis 2010
Authors: Kleinnijenhuis Jan , Schultz Friederike , Utz Sonja , Oegema Dirk
Published: December 2013

The paper explains antecedents and consequences of news during the BP oil spill crisis by analyzing newspaper and internet coverage as well as financial indicators. The study establishes the roles of routines in financial journalism and of BP’s public relations efforts in building the U.S. media agenda. The U.S. media agenda in turn bears a classic agenda-setting effect on public awareness, an intermedia agenda-setting effect on foreign media, and a stakeholder agenda-setting effect on financial markets. A second-level attribute agenda-setting post-hoc study reveals that these first-order agenda setting effects depend on the resonance of specific problems and solutions with specific interests and a specific frame of mind. Financial stakeholders, for example, reacted negatively to news about judicial accountability, but positively to press releases about BP’s skills in implementing solutions. The findings contradict research which states that the news in classic media merely mirrors share prices.
Novel polymer/hybrid coatings for concrete protection using poly methyl methacrylate (scrap) as seeded particles
Authors: Elhalawany Noha R , Nawwar Galal AM
Published: December 2013

This work exhibits the synthesis and characterization of novel polymer/hybrid coatings for concrete protection. The coatings have been prepared by polymerization of vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate, or glycidyl methacrylate with hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate and toluidine as multiple shells in presence of poly methyl methacrylate (scrap) as seed particles and silica (natural sand) as inner core forming the corresponding C1, C2, and C3 coatings, respectively. The prepared polymer coatings have been characterized via Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscope, and SEM. The prepared coats have been tested on ready-made concrete slates. The polymer coatings have been applied with ease on dry concrete slates. Test results showed that the polymer coatings have good bonding strength with dry concrete surfaces ranging between 0.78 and 0.99 MPa. No failure was observed for more than 1 year with the coated concrete slates. The acid and base resistance as well as abrasion resistance of the coated concrete slates have been also evaluated and investigated. The performance of the prepared polymer coatings in 3% sulfuric acid and 20% sodium hydroxide solutions has proved the effectiveness of the prepared coatings in protecting the concrete slates.
Accounting, Accountability, and Ethics in Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Vosselman Ed
Published: December 2013

This article challenges the performativity of organizational economics in the construction of “nexus-of-contract” organizations (or market bureaucracies) and inherent frames of instrumental accountability in the public sector. It argues for a duality between instrumental accountability and relational response-ability, and it shows how such a duality is related to a conceptualization of the public organization as a moral community rather than a market bureaucracy. Relational response-ability originates from the interconnected intentions of individuals at local positions. It encourages and channels intrinsic motivation, virtuous behavior, and stewardship. In a duality with instrumental accountability it may prevent a performance management paradox from occurring.
Fulfilling John Rohr’s Challenge
Authors: Green Richard T. , Morgan Douglas F.
Published: December 2013

In the early 1980s, John Rohr expressed a challenge; he hoped that one or more students would find a way to apply his regime values framework to local governments in the United States.
A Co-opetition-Based Approach to Value Creation in Interfirm Alliances
Authors: Rai Rajnish Kumar
Published: December 2013

This study underlines the limitations of commonly used proxies to measure value creation in interfirm alliances and addresses these limitations in two ways. First, this study adopts a co-opetition-based approach in theoretically conceptualizing value creation in interfirm alliances as a three-dimensional construct and argues that in addition to “common benefit” and “private benefit cooperation” (generally known as “private benefits”), a third dimension, namely “private benefit competition” should also be considered as an integral dimension of value creation. Second, by analyzing data collected from 155 firms of five high-technology research-intensive sectors in India that engaged in 288 alliances characterized by varying degree of co-opetition, this study empirically validates the distinctiveness of these three dimensions and presents a 17-item multidimensional scale of value creation.
A comparative study of candesartan versus propranolol for migraine prophylaxis: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, double cross-over study
Authors: Stovner Lars J , Linde Mattias , Gravdahl Gøril B , Tronvik Erling , Aamodt Anne H , Sand Trond , Hagen Knut
Published: December 2013

Objective

The objective of this article is to see whether the effect of candesartan for migraine prevention, shown in one previous study, could be confirmed in a new study, and if so, whether the effect was comparable to that of propranolol (non-inferiority analysis), and whether adverse events were different.

Methods

In a randomised, triple-blind, double cross-over study, 72 adult patients with episodic or chronic migraine went through three 12-week treatment periods on either candesartan 16 mg, propranolol slow-release 160 mg, or placebo. The main outcome measures were days with migraine headache per four weeks (primary outcome), days with headache, hours with headache, proportion of responders (>50% reduction of migraine days from baseline), and adverse events.

Results

In the modified intention-to treat-analysis, candesartan and propranolol were both superior to placebo: 2.95 (95% confidence interval: 2.35–3.55%) and 2.91 (2.36–3.45%), versus 3.53 (2.98–4.08%) for migraine days per month ( p = 0.02 for both comparisons, Wilcoxon's paired signed rank test, blinded statistical analysis). Candesartan was non-inferior to propranolol (and vice versa). The proportion of responders was significantly higher on candesartan (43%) and propranolol (40%) than on placebo (23%) ( p = 0.025 and <0.050, respectively). There were more adverse events on candesartan ( n = 133%) and propranolol ( n = 143%) than on placebo ( n = 90%), and the adverse event profiles of the active substances differed somewhat.

Conclusion

It is confirmed that candesartan 16 mg is effective for migraine prevention, with an effect size similar to propranolol 160 mg, and with somewhat different adverse events. Trial registration: EUDRACT (2008-002312-7), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00884663).
Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010
Authors: Mohun Simon
Published: December 2013

It is commonly proposed by those who accept the distinction between productive and unproductive labor that a rising proportion of unproductive labor constitutes a burden to the operation of a capitalist economy, because unproductive labor is paid out of surplus-value, leaving less available for accumulation. This paper evaluates recent attempts to estimate empirical trends in productive and unproductive labor in the U.S. economy since 1964. These attempts are flawed by a failure to distinguish between working class unproductive labor and the unproductive labor attributable to managers-plus-capitalists. This distinction is at the heart of the trends in the neoliberal era, and these trends suggest that the distinction between productive and unproductive labor is less empirically useful than a focus on class.
Low-Intensity Walking Activity Is Associated With Better Health
Authors: Varma Vijay R. , Tan Erwin J. , Wang Tao , Xue Qian-Li , Fried Linda P. , Seplaki Christopher L. , King Abby C. , Seeman Teresa E. , Rebok George W. , Carlson Michelle C.
Published: December 2013

Recommended levels of physical activity may represent challenging targets for many older adults at risk for disability, leading to the importance of evaluating whether low-intensity activity is associated with health benefits. We examined the cross-sectional association between low-intensity walking activity (<100 steps/min) and health and physical function in a group of older adults. Participants ( N = 187; age = 66.8; 91.4% African American; 76.5% female) wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor to measure components of low-intensity walking activity. Only 7% of participants met physical activity guidelines and moderate-intensity activity (≥100 steps/min) contributed only 10% of the total steps/day and 2% of the total min/day. Greater amount, frequency, and duration of low-intensity activity were associated with better self-report and performance-based measures of physical function, better quality of life, and fewer depressive symptoms ( ps < .05). The cross-sectional relationship between low-intensity activity and health outcomes important to independent function suggests that we further explore the longitudinal benefits of low-intensity activity.
Identifying Mobility Types in Cognitively Heterogeneous Older Adults Based on GPS-Tracking
Authors: Wettstein Markus , Wahl Hans-Werner , Shoval Noam , Auslander Gail , Oswald Frank , Heinik Jeremia
Published: December 2013

Heterogeneity in older adults’ mobility and its correlates have rarely been investigated based on objective mobility data and in samples including cognitively impaired individuals. We analyzed mobility profiles within a cognitively heterogeneous sample of N = 257 older adults from Israel and Germany based on GPS tracking technology. Participants were aged between 59 and 91 years ( M = 72.9; SD = 6.4) and were either cognitively healthy (CH, n = 146), mildly cognitively impaired (MCI, n = 76), or diagnosed with an early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT, n = 35). Based on cluster analysis, we identified three mobility types (“Mobility restricted,” “Outdoor oriented,” “Walkers”), which could be predicted based on socio-demographic indicators, activity, health, and cognitive impairment status using discriminant analysis. Particularly demented individuals and persons with worse health exhibited restrictions in mobility. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of heterogeneity in mobility in old age.
Indigenous Autoethnography
Authors: Whitinui Paul
Published: December 2013

Tirohanga Whānui (Abstract): Traditional knowledge systems have been at the core of our existence as indigenous peoples since time immemorial. As an oral/aural-based society, our ancestors frequently engaged in opportunities to not only test their knowledge at different times and in different situations but also to recall knowledge through the art of story-telling. This paper seeks to (re)position autoethnography from an indigenous perspective. This will be achieved by referring to autoethnography as a culturally informed research practice that is not only explicit to Māori ways of knowing but can be readily validated and legitimated as an authentic “Native” method of inquiry. Grounded within a resistance-based discourse, indigenous autoethnography aims to address issues of social justice and to develop social change by engaging indigenous researchers in rediscovering their own voices as “culturally liberating human-beings.” Implicit in this process is also the desire to ground one’s sense of “self” in what remains “sacred” to us as indigenous peoples in the world we live, and in the way we choose to construct our identity, as Māori.
Effect of temperature on the fracture mechanism of wood–plastic composites in situ
Authors: Alavi Fatemeh , Behravesh Amir Hossein , Mirzaei Majid
Published: December 2013

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and the fracture mechanism of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) under tension. The specimens were prepared via injection molding of various weight fractions of pine wood particles and high-density polyethylene (with and without coupling agent, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE)). The deformation and fracture behaviors of the samples at different temperatures were studied using a portable microscope setup during the test. The results indicated the significant effect of the test temperature on the fracture mechanism of WPC specimens. At room temperature, the dominant fracture mechanism for the samples without MAPE was debonding, whereas wood cracking was the dominant fracture mechanism in the presence of MAPE. At high temperatures, debonding was prominent over wood cracking in all samples (with and without MAPE), whereas at low temperatures (below 0°C) wood cracking was the dominant fracture mechanism.
The Norm-Signaling Effects of Group Punishment
Authors: Villatoro Daniel , Andrighetto Giulia , Brandts Jordi , Nardin Luis Gustavo , Sabater-Mir Jordi , Conte Rosaria
Published: December 2013

Punishment plays a crucial role in favoring and maintaining social order. Recent studies emphasize the effect of the norm-signaling function of punishment. However, very little attention has been paid so far to the potential of group punishment. We claim that when inflicted by an entire group, the recipient of punishment views it as expressing norms. The experiments performed in this work provide evidence that humans are motivated not only by material incentives that punishment imposes but also by normative information that it conveys. The same material incentive has a different effect on the individuals’ future compliance depending on the way it is implemented, having a stronger effect when it also conveys normative information. We put forward the hypothesis that by inflicting equal material incentives, group punishment is more effective in enhancing compliance than uncoordinated punishment, because it takes advantage of the norm-signaling function of punishment. In support of our hypothesis, we present cross-methodological data, that is, data obtained through agent-based simulation and laboratory experiments with human subjects. The combination of these two methods allows us to provide an explanation for the proximate mechanisms generating the cooperative behavior observed in the laboratory experiment.
Social Interaction in Hunter-Gatherer Societies
Authors: Barceló Juan A. , Bernal Florencia Del Castillo , Olmo Ricardo del , Mameli Laura , Quesada F. J. Miguel , Poza David , Vilà Xavier
Published: December 2013

This article describes the design and operation of an agent-based model that represents aspects of hunter-gatherer subsistence, technology, and cultural identity. The agents (representing families or households) in the model interact in a world that has a seasonally variable resource density. Agents must collect resources every step, either independently (by “gathering”) or with cooperation from neighboring agents (“hunting”). Several parameters affect cooperation: understanding these effects is one of the main focus of this article. Another focus is understanding the effects of cooperation in terms of cultural diversity/homogeneity. Some input parameters are historically and ethnographically calibrated, and the results are contrasted, with ongoing archaeological research of Patagonian hunter-gatherers (from 7000 BC or even earlier to 19th century). Specific research questions include how do processes of convergence and divergence occur between groups of hunter-gatherers over the long term? How could the autonomous local interactions of heterogeneous bounded rational agents generate this kind of regularity? What role outside influence plays on the formation of ethnic identities? Our aim is to integrate the state-of-the-art knowledge from different social sciences and technological developments into a fruitful approach to develop sociohistorical studies
Fifteen-Year Disability Trends Among Older Persons in the Beijing Municipality of China
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Fang Xianghua , Tang Zhe
Published: December 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine disability trends among men and women aged 70+ in Beijing, China; determine whether trends are impacted upon by changes in population composition; and investigate whether trends are experienced similarly across socio-demographic subgroups. Method: Fifteen-year panel data were used to model probability of reporting activities of daily living (ADLs) disability adjusting for age, sex, marital status, residence, and education. Predicted probabilities and average annual percent change in probabilities are reported. Results: The results showed increasing disability trends experienced by men, and stable or decreasing trends by women. Trends would be less favorable had education of older population not increased over time. Trends are much worse when bathing is excluded as an ADLs item. This is because trends in bathing were favorable whereas trends in other activities were not. Discussion: On balance, results are not overly encouraging for reductions in population-level disability given population aging and increasing life expectancy in China. But, future increasing education could mitigate some increases in disability rates.
The Relationship Between Older Americans Act In-Home Services and Low-Care Residents in Nursing Homes
Authors: Thomas Kali S.
Published: December 2013

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between supportive services provided under Title III-B of the Older Americans Act (OAA) and the prevalence of low-care residents in nursing homes (NHs). Method: State Program Reports (state-level expenditure and utilization data for each OAA service) and NH facility–level data were analyzed using a two-way fixed effects model. Results: Results suggest that every additional 1% of the population age 65+ that receives personal care services is associated with a 0.8% decrease in the proportion of low-care residents in NHs. Discussion: Despite efforts to rebalance long-term care, there are still many NH residents who have the functional capacity to live in a less restrictive environment. This is among the first studies to suggest that states that have invested in their in-home supportive services, particularly personal care services provided through the OAA, have proportionally fewer of these people.
‘When the doors of Hell close’: Dimensions of well-being and positive adjustment in a group of Palestinian children living amidst military and political violence
Authors: Veronese Guido , Castiglioni Marco
Published: December 2013

Palestinian children living amidst political and military violence are often labeled as affected by post-traumatic stress syndromes. Some researchers report that a majority of Palestinian children suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress-related psychiatric impairments in the wake of military incursions and bombings. On the other hand, data from field research and clinical experience show that these children continue to display positive functioning in terms of adjustment to trauma, despite the adverse environmental conditions. This article reports on qualitative research with children from two refugee camps in the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territories: Nur Shams and Tulkarm. Thematic content analysis was applied to narratives and written materials produced by 74 school-age children during two summer camps held in the Tulkarm region in 2010 and 2011. The aims of the study were: (a) to explore the domains of well-being that help children cope with violence and insecurity and (b) to investigate whether experiential activities focused on emotional and relational competences influenced children’s self-perceived well-being. Personal, environmental, micro- and macro-social factors were identified as playing a role in well-being. The article discusses the limitations of the study and its implications for clinical and community work with children exposed to political and military threat.