bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian matches between observations from aircraft, lidar and radar in an orographic warm
conveyor belt
Authors: Boettcher Maxi , Schäfler Andreas , Sprenger Michael , Sodemann Harald , Kaufmann Stefan , Voigt Christiane , Schlager Hans , Summa Donato , Di Girolamo Paolo , Nerini Daniele , Germann Urs , Wernli Heini
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important airstreams in extratropical cyclones, often leading to the formation of intense precipitation and the amplification of upper-level ridges. This study presents a case study that involves aircraft, lidar and radar observations in a WCB ascending from western Europe towards the Baltic Sea during the field experiments HyMeX and T-NAWDEX-Falcon in October 2012. Trajectories were used to link different observations along the WCB, that is to establish so-called Lagrangian matches between observations. To this aim, wind fields of the ECMWF ensemble data assimilation system were used, which allowed for a probabilistic quantification of the WCB occurrence and the Lagrangian matches. Despite severe air traffic limitations for performing research flights over Europe, the DLR Falcon successfully sampled WCB air masses during different phases of the WCB ascent. The WCB trajectories revealed measurements in two distinct WCB branches: one branch ascended from the eastern North Atlantic over southwestern France, while the other had its inflow in the western Mediterranean. Both branches passed across the Alps, and for both branches, Lagrangian matches coincidentally occurred between lidar water vapour measurements in the inflow of the WCB south of the Alps, radar measurements during the ascent at the Alps, and in situ aircraft measurements by Falcon in the WCB outflow north of the Alps. An airborne release experiment with an inert tracer could confirm the long pathway of the WCB from the inflow in the Mediterranean boundary layer to the outflow in the upper troposphere near the Baltic Sea several hours later. The comparison of observations and ensemble analyses reveals a moist bias in the analyses in parts of the WCB inflow but a good agreement of cloud water species in the WCB during ascent. In between these two observations, a precipitation radar measured strongly precipitating WCB air located directly above the melting layer while ascending at the southern slopes of the Alps. The trajectories illustrate the complexity of a continental and orographically influenced WCB, which leads to (i) WCB moisture sources from both the Atlantic and Mediterranean, (ii) different pathways of WCB ascent affected by orography, and (iii) locally steep WCB ascent with high radar reflectivity values that might result in enhanced precipitation where the WCB flows over the Alps. The linkage of observational data by ensemble-based WCB trajectory calculations and confirmed by an inert tracer, and the model evaluation using the multi-platform observations are the central elements of this study and reveal important aspects of orographically modified WCBs.
Technical note: the enhancement limit of coagulation scavenging of
small charged particles
Authors: Mahfouz Naser G. A. , Donahue Neil M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We show that the limit of the enhancement of coagulation scavenging of charged particles is 2 (doubled compared to the neutral case). Because the particle survival probability decreases exponentially as the coagulation sink increases, all else being equal, the doubling of the coagulation sink can amount to a dramatic drop in survival probability–squaring the survival probability, p2, where p ≤ 1 is the survival probability in the neutral case. Thus, it is imperative to consider this counterbalancing effect when studying ion-induced new-particle formation and ion-enhanced new-particle growth in the atmosphere.
A method for random uncertainties validation and probing the
natural variability with application to TROPOMI/Sentinel5P total
ozone measurements
Authors: Sofieva Viktoria F. , Lee Hei Shing , Tamminen Johanna , Lerot Christophe , Romahn Fabian , Loyola Diego G.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we discuss the method for validation of random uncertainties in the remote sensing measurements based on evaluation of the structure function, i.e., root-mean-square differences as a function of increasing spatio-temporal separation of the measurements. The limit at the zero mismatch provides the experimental estimate of random noise in the data. At the same time, this method allows probing the natural variability of the measured parameter. As an illustration, we applied this method to the clear-sky total ozone measurements by TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P. We found that the random uncertainties reported by the TROPOMI inversion algorithm, which are in the range 1–2 DU, agree well with the experimental uncertainty estimated by the structure function. Our analysis of the structure function has shown the expected results on total ozone variability: it is significantly smaller in the tropics compared to mid-latitudes. At mid-latitudes, ozone variability is much larger in winter than in summer. The ozone structure function is anisotropic (being larger in latitudinal direction) at horizontal scales larger than 10–20 km. The structure function rapidly grows with the separation distance. At mid-latitudes in winter, the ozone values can differ by 5 % at separations 300–500 km. The discussed method is a powerful tool in experimental estimates of the random noise in data and studies of natural variability and it can be used in various applications.
Evapotranspiration over agroforestry sites in Germany
Authors: Markwitz Christian , Knohl Alexander , Siebicke Lukas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In the past few years, the interest in growing crops and trees for bioenergy production has increased. One agricultural practice is the mixed cultivation of fast-growing trees and annual crops or perennial grasslands on the same piece of land, which is referred to as one type of agroforestry (AF). The inclusion of tree strips into the agricultural landscape has been shown – on the one hand – to lead to reduced wind speeds and higher carbon sequestration above ground and in the soil. On the other hand, concerns have been raised about increased water losses to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration (ET). Therefore, we hypothesise that short rotation coppice agroforestry systems have higher water losses to the atmosphere via ET compared to monoculture (MC) agriculture without trees. In order to test the hypothesis, the main objective was to measure the actual evapotranspiration of five AF systems in Germany and compare those to five monoculture systems in the close vicinity of the AF systems. We measured actual ET at five AF sites in direct comparison to five monoculture sites in northern Germany in 2016 and 2017. We used an eddy covariance energy balance (ECEB) set-up and a low-cost eddy covariance (EC-LC) set-up to measure actual ET over each AF and each MC system. We conducted direct eddy covariance (EC) measurement campaigns with approximately 4 weeks' duration for method validation. Results from the short-term measurement campaigns showed a high agreement between ETEC-LC and ETEC, indicated by slopes of a linear regression analysis between 0.86 and 1.3 (R2 between 0.7 and 0.94) across sites. Root mean square errors of LEEC-LC vs. LEEC (where LE is the latent heat flux) were half as small as LEECEB vs. LEEC, indicating a superior agreement of the EC-LC set-up with the EC set-up compared to the ECEB set-up. With respect to the annual sums of ET over AF and MC, we observed small differences between the two land uses. We interpret this as being an effect of compensating the small-scale differences in ET next to and in between the tree strips for ET measurements on the system scale. Most likely, the differences in ET rates next to and in between the tree strips are of the same order of magnitude, but of the opposite sign, and compensate each other throughout the year. Differences between annual sums of ET from the two methods were of the same order of magnitude as differences between the two land uses. Compared to the effect of land use and different methods on ET, we found larger mean evapotranspiration indices (∑ET/∑P) across sites for a drier than normal year (2016) compared to a wet year (2017). This indicates that we were able to detect differences in ET due to different ambient conditions with the applied methods, rather than the potentially small effect of AF on ET. We conclude that agroforestry has not resulted in an increased water loss to the atmosphere, indicating that agroforestry in Germany can be a land-use alternative to monoculture agriculture without trees.
Two decades of distributed global radiation time series across a
mountainous semiarid area (Sierra Nevada, Spain)
Authors: Aguilar Cristina , Pimentel Rafael , Polo María J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The main drawback of the reconstruction of high resolution distributed global radiation (Rg) time series in mountainous semiarid environments is the common lack of station-based solar radiation registers. This work presents nineteen years (2000–2018) of high spatial resolution (30 m × 30 m) monthly and annual global radiation maps derived using the model proposed by Aguilar et al. (2010), driven by in situ daily global radiation measurements, from sixteen weather stations with historical records in the area, and a high resolution digital elevation model in a mountainous area in southern Europe: Sierra Nevada (SN) Mountain Range (Spain). The applicability of the modeling scheme was validated against daily global radiation registers at the weather stations with mean RMSE values of 2.63 MJ m−2 day−1 and best estimations on clear-sky days. Filled daily Rg at weather stations revealed quite stable minimum daily Rg values and greater variations in the maximum daily Rg, but no clear trends with altitude in any of the statistics unlike the analysis at the monthly and annual scale when there is an increase in the high extreme statistics with the altitude of the weather station, especially above 1500 m a.s.l. Monthly distributed Rg time series showed significant spatial differences of up to 200 MJ m−2 month−1 that clearly followed the terrain configuration. July and December were clearly the months with the highest and lowest values of Rg received and the highest dispersion in the monthly Rg values was found in the spring and fall months. The great heterogeneity found in the monthly distribution of Rg along the study period (2000–2018), especially at the wet season, finally determined the inter annual differences of up to 800 MJ m−2 year−1 in the incoming global radiation in SN. The time series of the surface global radiation datasets here provided can be used to analyze trends, inter-annual and seasonal variation characteristics of the global radiation received in SN with high spatial detail (30 m). Datasets are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921012 (Aguilar et al., 2020).
Environmental justice and the politics of climate change adaptation – the case of Venice
Authors: Alba Rossella , Klepp Silja , Bruns Antje
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this intervention, we reflect on the potential of
environmental justice and climate justice approaches to reveal the politics
of climate change adaptation. Taking the attempts at dealing with extreme
flooding events in Venice as an example, we illustrate that different
dimensions at the core of the environmental justice concept (distributive and procedural justice and justice as recognition) are helpful to analyse and to politicise climate change adaptation interventions. We call for a transformative research agenda to reconfigure interventions and expertise to more closely account for the socio-political processes and narratives shaping coastal environments and to foster multiple epistemologies. Above all, this entails strengthening the inclusion of local (environmental) knowledge, the involvement of the populations affected by interventions in adaptation planning and the open discussion of political questions and values shaping interventions.
Evaluation and climate sensitivity of the PlaSim v.17 Earth System
Model coupled with ocean model components of different complexity
Authors: Angeloni Michela , Palazzi Elisa , von Hardenberg Jost
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A set of experiments is performed with coupled atmosphere-ocean configurations of the Planet Simulator, an Earth-system Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), in order to identify under which set of parameters the model output better agrees with observations and reanalyses of the present climate. Different model configurations are explored, in which the atmospheric module of PlaSim is coupled with two possible ocean models, either a simple mixed-layer (ML) ocean with a diffusive transport parameterization or a more complex dynamical Large-Scale Geostrophic (LSG) ocean, together with a sea-ice module. In order to achieve a more realistic representation of present-day climate, we performed a preliminary tuning of the oceanic horizontal diffusion coefficient for the ML ocean and of the vertical oceanic diffusion profile when using LSG. Model runs under present-day conditions are compared, in terms of surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, sea ice cover, precipitation, radiation fluxes, ocean circulation, with a reference climate from observations and reanalyses. Our results indicate that, in all configurations, coupled PlaSim configurations are able to reproduce the main characteristics of the climate system, with the exception of the Southern Ocean region in the PlaSim-LSG model, where surface air and sea surface temperatures are warm-biased and sea ice cover is by consequence highly underestimated. The resulting sets of tuned parameters are used to perform a series of model equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) experiments, with the aim to identify the main mechanisms contributing to differences between the different configurations and leading to elevated values of ECS. In fact, high resulting global ECS values are found, positioned in the upper range of CMIP5 and recent CMIP6 estimates. Our analysis shows that a significant contribution to ECS is given by the sea-ice feedback mechanisms and by details of the parameterization of meridional oceanic heat transport. In particular, the configurations using a diffusive heat transport in the mixed layer present an important sensitivity in terms of radiative forcing to changes in sea-ice cover, leading to an important contribution of sea-ice feedback mechanisms to ECS.
Two-way coupling between the sub-grid land surface and river
networks in Earth system models
Authors: Chaney Nathaniel W. , Torres-Rojas Laura , Vergopolan Noemi , Fisher Colby K.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Over the past decade, there has been appreciable progress towards modeling the water, energy, and carbon cycles at field-scales (10–100 m) over continental to global extents. One such approach, named HydroBlocks, accomplishes this task while maintaining computational efficiency via sub-grid tiles, or Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs), learned via a hierarchical clustering approach from available global high-resolution environmental data. However, until now, there has yet to be a macroscale river routing approach that is able to leverage HydroBlocks' approach to sub-grid heterogeneity, thus limiting the added value of field-scale land surface modeling in Earth System Models (e.g., riparian zone dynamics, irrigation from surface water, and interactive floodplains). This paper introduces a novel dynamic river routing scheme in HydroBlocks that is intertwined with the modeled field-scale land surface heterogeneity. The primary features of the routing scheme include: 1) the fine-scale river network of each macroscale grid cell's is derived from very high resolution (
Averaging over spatiotemporal heterogeneity substantially biases evapotranspiration rates in a mechanistic large-scale land evaporation model
Authors: Rouholahnejad Freund Elham , Zappa Massimiliano , Kirchner James W.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) influences land–climate interactions, regulates the
hydrological cycle, and contributes to the Earth's energy balance. Due to
its feedback to large-scale hydrological processes and its impact on
atmospheric dynamics, ET is one of the drivers of droughts and heatwaves.
Existing land surface models differ substantially, both in their estimates
of current ET fluxes and in their projections of how ET will evolve in the
future. Any bias in estimated ET fluxes will affect the partitioning between sensible and latent heat and thus alter model predictions of temperature and precipitation. One potential source of bias is the so-called “aggregation bias” that arises whenever nonlinear processes, such as those that regulate ET fluxes, are modeled using averages of heterogeneous inputs. Here we demonstrate a general mathematical approach to quantifying and correcting for this aggregation bias, using the GLEAM land evaporation model as a relatively simple example. We demonstrate that this aggregation bias can lead to substantial overestimates in ET fluxes in a typical large-scale land surface model when sub-grid heterogeneities in land surface properties are averaged out. Using Switzerland as a test case, we examine the scale dependence of this aggregation bias and show that it can lead to an average overestimation of daily ET fluxes by as much as 10 % across the whole country (calculated as the median of the daily bias over the growing season). We show how our approach can be used to identify the dominant drivers of aggregation bias and to estimate sub-grid closure relationships that can correct for aggregation biases in ET estimates, without explicitly representing sub-grid heterogeneities in large-scale land surface models.
Shear rate effect on the residual strength characteristics of saturated loess in naturally drained ring shear tests
Authors: Lian Baoqin , Wang Xingang , Peng Jianbing , Huang Qiangbing
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Residual shear strength of soils is an important soil parameter for
assessing the stability of landslides. To investigate the effect of the
shear rate on the residual shear strength of loessic soils, a series of
naturally drained ring shear tests were carried out on loess from three
landslides at two shear rates (0.1 and 1 mm min−1). Experimental
results showed that the shear displacement to achieve the residual stage for
specimens with higher shear rate was greater than that of the lower rate;
both the peak and residual friction coefficient became smaller with increase
in shear rate for each sample; at two shear rates, the residual friction
coefficients for all specimens under the lower normal stress were greater
than those under the higher normal stress. Moreover, specimens with almost
the same low fraction of clay (CF) showed a similar shear rate effect on the residual friction coefficient, with normal stress
increasing, whereas specimens with high CF (24 %) showed a contrasting
tendency, indicating that such an effect is closely associated with CF. The
test results revealed that the difference in the residual friction angle
ϕr at the two shear rates, ϕr(1)−ϕr(0.1) under each normal stress level are either positive or negative values, of which the maximum magnitude is about 0.8∘. However, the difference ϕr(1)−ϕr(0.1) determined under all normal stress levels was negative, which
indicates that the residual shear parameters reduced with the increasing of
the shear rate in the loess area. Such a negative shear rate effect on loess could
be attributed to a greater ability of clay particles in specimens to restore
broken bonds at low shear rates.
Tsunami damage to ports: Cataloguing damage to create fragility
functions from the 2011 Tohoku event
Authors: Chua Constance Ting , Switzer Adam D. , Suppasri Anawat , Li Linlin , Pakoksung Kwanchai , Lallemant David , Jenkins Susanna F. , Charvet Ingrid , Chua Terence , Cheong Amanda , Winspear Nigel
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Modern tsunami events have highlighted the vulnerability of port structures to these high-impact but infrequent occurrences. However, port planning rarely includes adaptation measures to address tsunami hazards. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami presented us with an opportunity to characterise the vulnerability of port industries to tsunami impacts. Here, we provide a spatial assessment and photographic interpretation of freely available data sources. Approximately 5,000 port structures were assessed for damage and stored in a database. Using the newly developed damage database, tsunami damage is quantified statistically for the first time, through the development of damage fragility functions for eight common port industries. In contrast to tsunami damage fragility functions produced for buildings from existing damage database, our fragility functions showed higher prediction accuracies (up to 75 % accuracy). Pre-tsunami earthquake damage was also assessed in this study, and was found to influence overall damage assessment. The damage database and fragility functions for port industries can inform structural improvements and mitigation plans for ports against future events.
Modeling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping
Authors: Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Johansson Lasse , Wilewska-Bien Magda , Granhag Lena , Ytreberg Erik , Eriksson K. Martin , Yngsell Daniel , Hassellöv Ida-Maja , Magnusson Kerstin , Raudsepp Urmas , Maljutenko Ilja , Styhre Linda , Winnes Hulda , Moldanova Jana
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This paper describes the new developments of the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) which enable modeling of pollutant discharges to water from ships. These include nutrients from black/grey water discharges as well as from food waste. Further, also the modeling of contaminants in ballast, black, grey and scrubber water, bilge discharges and stern tube oil leaks are described, as well as releases of contaminants from antifouling paints. Each of the discharges are regulated by different sections of IMO MARPOL convention and emission patterns of different pollution releases vary significantly. The discharge patterns and total amounts for year 2012 in the Baltic Sea area are reported and open loop SOx scrubbing effluent was found to be the second largest pollutant stream by volume. The scrubber discharges have increased significantly in recent years and their environmental impacts need to be investigated in detail.
Faster decline and higher variability in the sea ice thickness of the
marginal Arctic seas
Authors: Mallett Robbie D. C. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Tsamados Michel , Landy Jack C. , Willatt Rosemary , Nandan Vishnu , Liston Glen E.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Mean sea ice thickness is a sensitive indicator of Arctic climate change and in long-term decline despite significant interannual variability. Current thickness estimations from satellite radar altimeters employ a snow climatology for converting range measurements to sea ice thickness, but this introduces unrealistically low interannual variability and trends. When the sea ice thickness in the period 2002–2018 is calculated using new snow data with more realistic variability and trends, we find mean sea ice thickness in three of the seven marginal seas to be declining between 70–100 % faster than when calculated with the conventional method. When analysed as an aggregate, the mean ice thickness in the marginal seas is now in statistically significant decline for four of seven winter months. This is observed despite a 58% increase in interannual variability between the methods in the same time period. On a seasonal timescale we find that snow data exerts an increasingly strong control on thickness variability over the growth season, contributing only 20 % in October but 72 % by April. Higher variability and faster decline in the sea ice thickness of the marginal seas has wide implications for our understanding of the polar climate system and our predictions for its change, as well as for stakeholders involved in Arctic shipping and natural resource extraction.
Full-scale deformation measurements of a wind turbine rotor in comparison with aeroelastic simulations
Authors: Lehnhoff Stephanie , Gómez González Alejandro , Seume Jörg R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The measurement of deformation and vibration of wind turbine rotor blades in field tests is a substantial part of the validation of aeroelastic codes. This becomes highly important for modern rotors as the rotor size increases, which comes along with structural changes, resulting in very high flexibility and coupling between different vibration modes. However, performing full-scale field measurements for rotor blade deformation is not trivial and requires high temporal and spatial resolution. A promising deformation measurement technique is based on an optical method called digital image correlation (DIC). Recently, DIC measurements on a Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-130 test turbine were performed on the tip of all blades in combination with marker tracking at the hub for the first time with synchronised measurement of the inflow conditions by a ground-based lidar. As the turbine was additionally equipped with strain gauges in the blade root of all blades, the DIC results can be directly compared to the actual prevailing loads to validate the measurement method. In the end, an example for a comparison of the measured deformations and torsion with aeroelastic simulations is shown in the time and frequency domain. All in all, DIC shows very good agreement with comparative measurements and simulations, which shows that it is a suitable method for measurement of deformation and torsion of multi-megawatt wind turbine rotor blades.
ADHD Assessment and Diagnosis in Canada: An Inconsistent but Fixable Process
Authors: Edmunds Alan , Martsch-Litt Shelley
Published: October 2020

Canadian teachers in inclusive classrooms are encountering more students with ADHD-like behaviours and making more referrals for formal diagnosis of the condition. Previous research suggests that ADHD diagnoses are susceptible to highly inconsistent and arbitrary assessment processes/criteria (Sanford & Rid-ley, 1995), thus probably contributing to teachers’ lack of effective interventions. This study sought to establish whether Canadian ADHD diagnosticians were spe-cifically identified, whether common diagnostic criteria/guidelines were used, and whether diagnostic processes were empirically grounded. One-hundred and se-venty-six official documents from the prominent Canadian organizations vested in ADHD diagnosis were examined. The results revealed that various professionals provide ADHD diagnoses, that few organizations had clear diagnostic guidelines, and that few organizations outlined theoretical foundations for ADHD aside from references to DSM-IV-TR criteria. This evidence suggests a three-fold potential for compounding inconsistencies in ADHD diagnoses. Recommendations for standardized criteria and processes to remediate these pervasive inconsistencies are provided.
Diverse Voices: Middle Years Students’ Insights into Life in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Katz Jennifer , Porath Marion , Bendu Charles , Epp Brent
Published: October 2020

Thirty-one middle school students (grades 4–7) were interviewed at length about their perspectives regarding academic and social inclusion of students with disabilities; the barriers they perceive to a compassionate, inclusive learning community; and what they believe helps overcome these barriers. In discussing the inclusion of students with disabilities, participants were eloquent in their empathy for the challenges students with disabilities faced, while also articulating barriers to their willingness to include students with disabilities in their academic life based on pressures of the current school system, such as grades and pace, and the stigma associated with the presence of an educational assistant.
Developing Social Skills of Summer Campers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of Camps on TRACKS Implementation in an Inclusive Day-Camp Setting
Authors: Maich Kimberly , Hall Carmen L , Van Rhijn Tricia Marie , Quinlan Laurie
Published: October 2020

This research provides preliminary results of an exploratory case study conducted of the Camps on TRACKS program in an inclusive, municipal day-camp program in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Positive changes are demonstrated in the social skills of nine day campers with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who participated in the program. In this model of social inclusion, all campers were taught skills to interact with peers with exceptionalities through a peer-mediated model. Social skills change was measured using direct observation and counsellor questionnaires. Primary findings included an overall increase in social skills in campers with an ASD, and an inverse relationship between adult and peer interactions. Camps on TRACKS is a promising model for supporting the social skills development of campers with an ASD in inclusive settings.
Exemption and Exclusion from French Second Language Programs in Canada: Consideration of Novice Teachers’ Rationales
Authors: Arnett Katy , Mady Callie
Published: October 2020

This case study is focused on a small group of novice teachers of French as a second language (FSL) in the Canadian K–12 context. More specifically, it presents the perceptions and ideas that inform new teachers’ views toward the suitability of French as a second language and toward exemption and/or exclusion for two populations: students who are English language learners (ELLs) and students with learning difficulties and other special needs. The data from the current study are drawn from semi-structured interviews implemented over the first four years of a larger five-year study. The findings reveal that there was general openness to the idea of including students who are ELLs and who have learning difficulties in FSL programs. However, in some instances the participants viewed exemption as a reasonable path for the student population when, in isolated ways, the program was considered as unsuitable for their needs.
Procedures for the identification and detection of adulteration of fish and meat products
Authors: Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter , Čurlej Jozef , Belej Ľubomír , Kročko Miroslav , Bobko Marek , Benešová Lucia , Jakabová Silvia , Vlčko Tomáš
Published: October 2020

The addition or exchange of cheaper fish species instead of more expensive fish species is a known form of fraud in the food industry. This can take place accidentally due to the lack of expertise or act as a fraud. The interest in detecting animal species in meat products is based on religious demands (halal and kosher) as well as on product adulterations. Authentication of fish and meat products is critical in the food industry. Meat and fish adulteration, mainly for economic pursuit, is widespread and leads to serious public health risks, religious violations, and moral loss. Economically motivated adulteration of food is estimated to create damage of around € 8 to 12 billion per year. Rapid, effective, accurate, and reliable detection technologies are keys to effectively supervising meat and fish adulteration. Various analytical methods often based on protein or DNA measurements are utilized to identify fish and meat species. Although many strategies have been adopted to assure the authenticity of fish and meat and meat a fish products, such as the protected designation of origin, protected geographical indication, certificate of specific characteristics, and so on, the coverage is too small, and it is unrealistic to certify all meat products for protection from adulteration. Therefore, effective supervision is very important for ensuring the suitable development of the meat industry, and rapid, effective, accurate, and reliable detection technologies are fundamental technical support for this goal. Recently, several methods, including DNA analysis, protein analysis, and fat-based analysis, have been effectively employed for the identification of meat and fish species.
From Defiant Egoist to Submissive Citizen: Is There a Bridge? Why the Hell Is There a Bridge?
Authors: Long Roderick T.
Published: October 2020

The author reviews Foundations of a Free Society: Reflections on Ayn Rand’s Political Philosophy, edited by Gregory Salmieri and Robert Mayhew, and finds it to be a rich and provocative anthology. However, the author is unpersuaded by the arguments, from a number of the contributors, for separating the prohibition on initiatory force as an ethical principle, from individual rights as a political principle—a separation that, on the ethical side, unduly discards the Aristotelean ethical approach with which Randian ethics claims affiliation, and on the political side, is employed to ground an unconvincing case for the legitimacy of the state.
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). a rare ecstatic rawness EJPCH 8 (3) 406-408
Authors: Pheby Derek Francis Henry
Published: October 2020

No abstract
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). disembodied EJPCH 8 (3) 419-421
Authors: Pheby Derek Francis Henry
Published: October 2020

No abstract
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). lifestyle and degeneracy EJPCH 8 (3) 424-426
Authors: Pheby Derek Francis Henry
Published: October 2020

No abstract
The Neurofunctional Model of Consciousness: The Physiological Interconnectivity of Brain Networks
Authors: León-Domínguez Umberto
Published: October 2020

The present chapter integrates neural networks’ connectivity into a model that explores consciousness and volitional behavior from a neurofunctional perspective. The model poses a theoretical evidenced-based framework that organizes the brain journey of neural information flow from the ascending reticular activating system and non-specific thalamic nuclei, to cortical networks, such as the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network. These inter-connected brain networks can be divided within three hierarchical and inter-connected “functional neural loops”: (1) the “brainstem-thalamic neural loop” for arousal, (2) the “thalamo-cortical neural loop” for neural information distribution throughout the brain, and (3) the “cortico-cortical neural loop” for transforming neural information into the contents of consciousness that the individual can perceive and manipulate voluntarily. These three neural loops act as a global functional neural system, and its disruption due to brain damage can cause a person to experience catastrophic outcomes, such as a coma, a vegetative state, a minimal conscious state, or other cognitive and behavioral impairments.
Integrated Cyber-Physical System to Support Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Prediabetes and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: P. Ori Zsolt
Published: October 2020

Dietary and exercise interventions are the mainstay of prevention, and they constitute important part in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and its complications. Automated, continuous, individualized non-invasive measurement of pathological processes leading to DM2 and complications are needed in terms of self-explaining metrics for improved individualized lifestyle management. Our company, the Ori Diagnostic Instruments, LLC is using tools of Medical Cybernetics (MC) to monitor non-invasive indicators of insulin resistance, exercise capacity, and autonomic dysfunction. The MC approach utilizes mathematical process and measurement models which are connected to a wearable sensor system. This chapter has the purpose to show how already widely available information technologies like smart phones, cloud computing, and sensor devices of the fitness industry could be put together into an integrated cyber-physical system (ICPS) to support fitness goals like fighting cardiometabolic conditions including high insulin resistance and low level of cardiorespiratory fitness and help building resilience with improved physiological reserve capacity. We want to demonstrate also how ICPS can be not only used for fitness self-management but can be extended to become a platform of noninvasive monitoring devices and become a medical software to support person-centered, outcome driven treatments for DM2 and complications in primary care.
Open Praxis volume 12 issue 3
Authors: Gil-Jaurena, various authors Inés
Published: October 2020

The issue includes six research papers and two innovative practice papers, introduced by the journal editor.
A small protein encoded by a putative lncRNA regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Li Xiao Ling , Pongor Lőrinc , Tang Wei , Das Sudipto , Muys Bruna R , Jones Matthew F , Lazar Sarah B , Dangelmaier Emily A , Hartford Corrine CR , Grammatikakis Ioannis , Hao Qinyu , Sun Qinyu , Schetter Aaron , Martindale Jennifer L , Tang BinWu , Jenkins Lisa M , Robles Ana I , Walker Robert L , Ambs Stefan , Chari Raj , Shabalina Svetlana A , Gorospe Myriam , Hussain S Perwez , Harris Curtis C , Meltzer Paul S , Prasanth Kannanganattu V , Aladjem Mirit I , Andresson Thorkell , Lal Ashish
Published: October 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often associated with polysomes, indicating coding potential. However, only a handful of endogenous proteins encoded by putative lncRNAs have been identified and assigned a function. Here, we report the discovery of a putative gastrointestinal-tract-specific lncRNA (LINC00675) that is regulated by the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 and encodes a conserved small protein of 79 amino acids which we termed FORCP (FOXA1-Regulated Conserved Small Protein). FORCP transcript is undetectable in most cell types but is abundant in well-differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) cells where it functions to inhibit proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis. The epitope-tagged and endogenous FORCP protein predominantly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In response to ER stress, FORCP depletion results in decreased apoptosis. Our findings on the initial characterization of FORCP demonstrate that FORCP is a novel, conserved small protein encoded by a mis-annotated lncRNA that regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in well-differentiated CRC cells.
Homology-guided identification of a conserved motif linking the antiviral functions of IFITM3 to its oligomeric state
Authors: Rahman Kazi , Coomer Charles A , Majdoul Saliha , Ding Selena Y , Padilla-Parra Sergi , Compton Alex A
Published: October 2020

The interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins belong to the Dispanin/CD225 family and inhibit diverse virus infections. IFITM3 reduces membrane fusion between cells and virions through a poorly characterized mechanism. Mutation of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2), a regulator of neurotransmitter release, at glycine-305 was previously linked to paroxysmal neurological disorders in humans. Here, we show that glycine-305 and the homologous site in IFITM3, glycine-95, drive protein oligomerization from within a GxxxG motif. Mutation of glycine-95 (and to a lesser extent, glycine-91) disrupted IFITM3 oligomerization and reduced its antiviral activity against Influenza A virus. An oligomerization-defective variant was used to reveal that IFITM3 promotes membrane rigidity in a glycine-95-dependent and amphipathic helix-dependent manner. Furthermore, a compound which counteracts virus inhibition by IFITM3, Amphotericin B, prevented the IFITM3-mediated rigidification of membranes. Overall, these data suggest that IFITM3 oligomers inhibit virus-cell fusion by promoting membrane rigidity.
Recurrent evolution of high virulence in isolated populations of a DNA virus
Authors: Hill Tom , Unckless Robert L
Published: October 2020

Hosts and viruses are constantly evolving in response to each other: as a host attempts to suppress a virus, the virus attempts to evade and suppress the host’s immune system. Here, we describe the recurrent evolution of a virulent strain of a DNA virus, which infects multiple Drosophila species. Specifically, we identified two distinct viral types that differ 100-fold in viral titer in infected individuals, with similar differences observed in multiple species. Our analysis suggests that one of the viral types recurrently evolved at least four times in the past ~30,000 years, three times in Arizona and once in another geographically distinct species. This recurrent evolution may be facilitated by an effective mutation rate which increases as each prior mutation increases viral titer and effective population size. The higher titer viral type suppresses the host-immune system and an increased virulence compared to the low viral titer type.
Task specialization across research careers
Authors: Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , Costas Rodrigo , Sugimoto Cassidy R , Larivière Vincent , Nane Gabriela F
Published: October 2020

Research careers are typically envisioned as a single path in which a scientist starts as a member of a team working under the guidance of one or more experienced scientists and, if they are successful, ends with the individual leading their own research group and training future generations of scientists. Here we study the author contribution statements of published research papers in order to explore possible biases and disparities in career trajectories in science. We used Bayesian networks to train a prediction model based on a dataset of 70,694 publications from PLoS journals, which included 347,136 distinct authors and their associated contribution statements. This model was used to predict the contributions of 222,925 authors in 6,236,239 publications, and to apply a robust archetypal analysis to profile scientists across four career stages: junior, early-career, mid-career and late-career. All three of the archetypes we found - leader, specialized, and supporting - were encountered for early-career and mid-career researchers. Junior researchers displayed only two archetypes (specialized, and supporting), as did late-career researchers (leader and supporting). Scientists assigned to the leader and specialized archetypes tended to have longer careers than those assigned to the supporting archetype. We also observed consistent gender bias at all stages: the majority of male scientists belonged to the leader archetype, while the larger proportion of women belonged to the specialized archetype, especially for early-career and mid-career researchers.
Coordinated crosstalk between microtubules and actin by a spectraplakin regulates lumen formation and branching
Authors: Ricolo Delia , Araujo Sofia J
Published: October 2020

Subcellular lumen formation by single-cells involves complex cytoskeletal remodelling. We have previously shown that centrosomes are key players in the initiation of subcellular lumen formation inDrosophila melanogaster, but not much is known on the what leads to the growth of these subcellular luminal branches or makes them progress through a particular trajectory within the cytoplasm. Here, we have identified that the spectraplakin Short-stop (Shot) promotes the crosstalk between MTs and actin, which leads to the extension and guidance of the subcellular lumen within the tracheal terminal cell (TC) cytoplasm. Shot is enriched in cells undergoing the initial steps of subcellular branching as a direct response to FGF signalling. An excess of Shot induces ectopic acentrosomal luminal branching points in the embryonic and larval tracheal TC leading to cells with extra-subcellular lumina. These data provide the first evidence for a role for spectraplakins in single-cell lumen formation and branching.
Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in İki Hikâyesinde Otobiyografinin Terapötik Fonksiyonu
Authors: ASLAN Bahtiyar
Published: October 2020

Bu makale Türk edebiyatında gerek şiir ve gerekse düz yazılarıyla son asrın önemli şahsiyetlerinden olan Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in ferdi sanat yolculuğunun bir otobiyografi üzerinden okunmasını amaç edinmektedir. Bir insanın hikâyesinin
anlatılması, onun yaşam serüveni bakımından toplumsal çerçeveli benzerliklerin herkes tarafından paylaşılması anlamına gelir. İnsan ontolojik olarak benzerlik duygusunu sürekli ararken; bu arayışın aynı zamanda edebî anlamda bir
onaylanma ve yakınlık kurma hissi doğurduğu söylenebilir. Yazmak, zaten başlı başına bir terapi yöntemiyken, otobiyografi biçimi üzerinden yazmak biraz daha yüzleşmeyi, hesaplaşmayı ve Doğu edebî metin geleneğinde olmayan bir itiraf
olgusunu görmemizi sağlayacaktır. Necip Fazıl’ın ferdi sanatının, özellikle ben düşüncesi çerçevesinde elemler, ıstıraplar ve acılarla yoğrulmuş bir hayatın hikâyesini vermesi, söz konusu terapi yaklaşımını, onun üzerinden daha
anolojik örneklerle destekleyen bir düzeye çıkarır. Necip Fazıl’ın iki hikâyesi bağlamında otobiyografi neden yazılır sorusu, burada Necip Fazıl’ın ihtiyaç hissettiği kendini anlatma sürecinin sanatkârane yanını teşkil eder. Denilebilir
ki Necip Fazıl’daki egosantrik bilinç bileşenleri, otobiyografi bağlamında önemli bir noktanın altını çizer. Çünkü Necip Fazıl, şahsi bir saat endişesinin ürünü olan bir yazardır. Kendi ile başlattığı sanat kaygıları, şiirinde
ve düz yazılarında terapiye açık insani duyguların yoğunluğuyla dikkat çeker. Dolayısıyla Necip Fazıl, hikâyesinin anlatılmasını, acısının bilinmesini ve insanda karşılık bulan duyguların görülmesini murat eden ve anlaşılmayı edebî
olarak bir sanatkârdır.
Çanakkale - Ayvacık Prayer Rugs
Authors: UĞURLU Servet Senem
Published: October 2020

İslam inancına göre, namaz vakti geldiğinde, insanın bulunduğu yer ibadet yeri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu Türklerin konar-göçer kültürüne çok uygun bir inanç şartıydı. İslam inancını kabul eden Türkler, ibadetlerini yapabilmek için
taşınabilir olarak halı ya da kilimden namazlık/namazlağ/namazlağa/seccade adı verilen dokumalar yapmışlardır. Ayrıca namazlıkların üzerindeki motifler incelenirse; bu motiflerin Türklerin inanç, inanış, kültür, gelenek ve hayatlarından
izler taşıdığı görülür. Bunlar, yakın çevre ya da geçmiş kültürlerden gelen sembolik ve felsefi anlamlar taşımaktadır. Halı sularıyla başlayan bu örnekler, somut ve soyut değerler ile geometrik temelli motifler kullanılarak zenginleştirilmiştir.
Namazlık yüzeyleri cennet bahçesi görünümünde çeşitli motifler ile süslenmiştir. Ayvacık, Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da Biga Yarımadasındaki Kazdağları Silsilesi üzerindeki Çanakkale ilinin 71 km güneyinde kalan bir ilçesidir. Yörede Kazdağları
üzerinde yer alan Avunya Ovası ile komşu olması, Ayvacık ilçesine doğal bir geçiş yeri olma özelliğini kazandırmıştır. Bu yol, Antik Çağdan beri korunmaktadır. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde çeşitli kültür, inanç ve kökenden grupların
yerleşerek kaynaştığı bir bölgedir. Yörede halı dokuyanlar bağlı oldukları aşiret, boy ve oymaklarına ait motif, sembol ve imlerini Ayvacık Namazlıklarına aktarmıştır. Bu halıların bazı motifleri incelendiğinde kendilerine özgü
olduğu görülür. Bu çalışmada; Ayvacık Halı Yöresinde dokunan namazlıklar hakkında bilgileri bir araya getirmek, namazlığın Türk-İslam açısından önemi, tespit edilen halıların motif, desen kompozisyonu, renk ve uygulama özellikleri
açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma konusu halılar hakkında bilgi verilerek ve tarihsel süreç içinde sosyo-kültürel ve sanatsal nitelikleri açıklanacaktır.