bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indication of p + 11B reaction in Laser Induced Nanofusion experiment
Authors: Kroó N. , Csernai L. P. , Papp I. , Kedves M. A. , Aladi M. , Bonyár A. , Szalóki M. , Osvay K. , Varmazyar P. , Biró T. S. ,   (for the NAPLIFE Collaboration)
Published: December 2024

The NanoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE)1 project proposed fusion by regulating the laser light absorption via resonant nanorod antennas implanted into hydrogen rich urethane acrylate methacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymer targets. In part of the tests, boron-nitride (BN) was added to the polymer. Our experiments with resonant nanoantennas accelerated protons up to 225 keV energy. Some of these protons then led to p + 11B fusion, indicated by the sharp drop of observed backward proton emission numbers at the 150 keV resonance energy of the reaction. The generation of alpha particles was verified by CR-39 (Columbia Resin #39) nuclear plastic track detectors.
A study of the difference in biochemical metabolism between patients with unilateral and bilateral upper urinary tract stones
Authors: Zheng Zhibin , Hu Weiguo , Ji Chaoyue , Zhang Xuming , Ding Xijie , Zhou Shaobo , Li Jianxing , Chen Guojun
Published: December 2024

Bilateral upper urinary tract stones are more likely to lead to impairment of renal function, but few biochemical metabolic studies of bilateral upper urinary tract stones have been reported. We collected clinical data from 555 patients with upper urinary tract stones admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from June 2020 to June 2024, and divided them into unilateral and bilateral stone groups by CT scans, analysed the metabolic differences between unilateral and bilateral stone groups by statistical methods, and used multifactorial logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors that might affect the formation of bilateral stones. A total of 281 cases of unilateral and 274 cases of bilateral stones were identified. The proportion of male patients in the bilateral group was higher than that in the unilateral group (P < 0.05). The most prevalent major stone component was calcium oxalate monohydrate (48.1%), with a significantly higher prevalence of cystine stones observed in the bilateral stone group (1.8%) compared to the unilateral stone group (0.4%) (P < 0.05). Blood uric acid, blood BUN, blood creatinine, urine pH, and 24-hour urine output were higher in the bilateral stone group than in the unilateral group (P < 0.05). The most prevalent metabolic abnormality was low urine volume (45.7%). Bilateral stone group had higher proportion of patients with hyperuricemia (P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR 1.489, 95% CI 1.028–2.157) and hyperuricemia (OR 1.662, 95% CI 1.113–2.482) were associated with an increased risk of bilateral stone formation (P < 0.05). There are significant differences in biochemical metabolism between unilateral and bilateral upper urinary tract stones. The most common metabolic abnormality in patients with urolithiasis is low urine output, and aggressive water intake is effective in preventing stone formation. For patients with hyperuricemia, a strict dietary regimen is imperative to mitigate the likelihood of bilateral stone formation.
Design and simulation of CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2-based perovskite solar cells with different charge transport layers for efficiency enhancement
Authors: Hossain M. Khalid , Islam Md Aminul , Uddin M. Shihab , Paramasivam Prabhu , Hamid Junainah Abd , Alshgari Razan A. , Mishra V. K. , Haldhar Rajesh
Published: December 2024

In this work, CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are numerically simulated and optimized under ideal lighting conditions using the SCAPS-1D simulator. We investigate how various hole transport layers (HTL) including Zn3P2, PTAA, MoS2, MoO3, MEH-PPV, GaAs, CuAlO2, Cu2Te, ZnTe, MoTe2, CMTS, CNTS, CZTS, CZTSe and electron transport layers (ETL) such as CdS, SnS2, ZnSe, PC60BM interact with the devices’ functionality. Following HTL material optimization, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.59% was observed for the FTO/SnS2/CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2/MoS2/Au structure, with MoS2 proving to be a more economical option. The remainder of the investigation is done following the HTL optimization. We study how the performance of the PSC is affected by varying the materials of the ETL and to improve the PCE of the device, we finally optimized the thickness, charge carrier densities, and defect densities of the absorber, ETL, and HTL. In the end, the optimized arrangement produced a VOC of 0.583 V, a JSC of 43.95 mA/cm2, an FF of 82.17%, and a PCE of 21.05% for the FTO/ZnSe/CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2/MoS2/Au structure. We also examine the effects of temperature, shunt resistance, series resistance, generation rate, recombination rate, current-voltage (JV) curve, and quantum efficiency (QE) properties to learn more about the performance of the optimized device. At 300 K, the optimized device provides the highest thermal stability. Our research shows the promise of CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2-based PSCs and offers insightful information for further development and improvement.
Energetic savings of bow-riding dolphins
Authors: Fiori Lorenzo , Davis Randall W. , Würsig Bernd , Orbach Dara N.
Published: December 2024

Bow-riding occurs when dolphins swim in the pressure waves at the front of a vessel. Bow-riding is hypothesized to be “fun” for dolphins or to save them energy although the energetics have not been explored. An UAS (Unoccupied Aerial System) was used to follow and video-record adult dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) bow-riding in front of a research vessel or free-swimming off Kaikoura, New Zealand. Videos of individual dolphins swimming in a linear direction at consistent speeds were analyzed with respiration rate used as a proxy for energy expenditure (bow riding n = 51; free-swimming n = 62). The respiration rates of bow-riding dolphins remained relatively constant across swimming speeds and were 45% lower than free-swimming dolphins at speeds exceeding 4 m/s, indicating substantial energetic savings. The respiration rates of free-swimming dolphins increased exponentially with speed, suggesting that dolphins incur comparatively high energetic expenditures from swimming rapidly. This research advances understanding of the biological function of bow-riding behavior and supports the energy saving hypothesis. Swimming energetics can be used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances to dolphin energy budgets.
A photo-triggered dual-gas donor of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide with fluorescence for real-time monitoring of its release
Authors: Hou Afeng , Lin Zhenmei , Cheng Yongfang , Tang Yaoping , Chen Qing , Jiang Lingfeng , Li Li , Zhang Ziqian
Published: December 2024

A dual gas donor of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide is employed for photocontrolled release in cells and can be utilized to investigate the synergistic effect of the two gases on inflammation in cells.
Utilising triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion for overall photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Madbak E. , Osborn D. J. , Small T. , Ishwara T. , Schmidt T. W. , Domen K. , Metha G. F.
Published: December 2024

An organic triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion system consting of Ir(coumarin-6)2(acac) and TIPS-naphthalene is used to drive overall water-splitting using the UV-active photocatalyst Rh/Cr2O3/CoOOH/Al:SrTiO3.
Headpiece-assisted DNA data storage in solution and solid
Authors: Hu Chunjie , Wen Qingya , Lai Qiuyang , Xie Ziyi , Zhang Kaiyue , Zhou Lu , Qu Zhi-bei
Published: December 2024

A headpiece was introduced in the construction of a DNA-based data storage platform.
A versatile approach for geometry-based self-assembly of DNA–protein hybrid nanostructures using histone–DNA interactions
Authors: Al-Zarah Hajar , Serag Maged F. , Alkhaldi Faisal , Habuchi Satoshi
Published: December 2024

We report a versatile approach to constructing DNA–protein hybrid nanostructures using histone proteins–DNA complexes as a building block for precise and hierarchical assembly.
One-pot synthesis of supported sub-micron LaNi5 for hydrogen storage in a carbazole-type liquid organic hydrogen carrier
Authors: Yu Hongen , Shi Yuxuan , Xie Zewei , Jin Rumei , Lin Youyu , Geng Dongsheng , Li Xingguo , Zheng Jie
Published: December 2024

Supported sub-micron LaNi5 particles are synthesized via one-pot high-temperature reduction method.
Doubly σ- and π-aromatic planar pentacoordinate boron polyanions
Authors: García-Argote Williams , Sacanamboy Dumer S. , Vasquez-Espinal Alejandro , Inostroza Diego , Leyva-Parra Luis , Yañez Osvaldo , Tiznado William
Published: December 2024

Ten planar pentacoordinate boron (ppB) systems are reported, each featuring a pentagonal ring composed of tetrels, pnictogens, or their combination around boron.
A superelastic and ultralight graphene aerogel with a hydrophobic honeycombed structure for efficient absorption of hazardous organics
Authors: Zhang Qiaomu , Liu Lehao , Ma Junfeng , Yang Haomiao , Wu Zhuoheng , Song Chenhui , Zhang Jinkui
Published: December 2024

An ultralight, superelastic and hydrophobic graphene aerogel is prepared by a modified hydrothermal method, and the porous graphene aerogel shows exceptional oil/water selectivity, remarkable absorption efficiency, and excellent reusability.
Ultrafast structural dynamics of UV photoexcited cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene observed with time-resolved electron diffraction
Authors: Muvva Sri Bhavya , Liu Yusong , Chakraborty Pratip , Nunes Joao Pedro Figueira , Attar Andrew R. , Bhattacharyya Surjendu , Borne Kurtis , Champenois Elio G , Goff Nathan , Hegazy Kareem , Hoffmann Matthias C , Ji Fuhao , Lin Ming-Fu , Luo Duan , Ma Lingyu , Odate Asami , Pathak Shashank , Rolles Daniel , Rudenko Artem , Saha Sajib Kumar , Shen Xiaozhe , Wang Xijie , Ware Matthew R , Weathersby Stephen , Weber Peter M , Wilkin Kyle J , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Xiong Yanwei , Xu Xuan , Yang Jie , Matsika Spiridoula , Weinacht Thomas , Centurion Martin
Published: December 2024

An ultrafast electron diffraction study of the structural dynamics of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene has identified a ring stretching distortion as a new reaction coordinate as the molecule transitions from the excited state back to the ground state.
An angle-selective photonic crystal for multi-physical sensing applications
Authors: Pei Na , Wan Bao-Fei , Ma Hao-Cheng , Zhang Ting-Hao , Hong Sen , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: December 2024

MPSS structure formed by stacking P and medium A for 12 periods.
Waste-based value-added feedstocks from tire pyrolysis oil distillation: defossilization of the petrochemical industry
Authors: Martínez Juan Daniel , Sanchís Alberto , Veses Alberto , Kapf Andreas , López José Manuel , Callén María Soledad , García Tomás , Murillo Ramón
Published: December 2024

Waste-based value-added feedstock.
Fiber and monomer recovery from an amine-cured epoxy composite using molten NaOH–KOH
Authors: Lim Y. Justin , Yu Zehan , Cherepakhin Valeriy , Williams Travis J. , Nutt Steven R.
Published: December 2024

Chemical recycling of aerospace grade composites using NaOH–KOH eutectic as both the reagent and solvent enables recovery of monomers at high yields and clean fibers, which were characterized and manufactured into second generation composites.
Retinal organoid chip: engineering a physiomimetic oxygen gradient for optimizing long term culture of human retinal organoids
Authors: Drabbe Emma , Pelaez Daniel , Agarwal Ashutosh
Published: December 2024

PDMS-free retinal organoid chip (ROC) holds 55 retinal organoids that can be manually seeded, cultured for extended periods at steep physiomimetic oxygen gradients, imaged, and retrieved.
Preparation and adsorption performance of polyacryloyloxytrimethylammonium chloride-modified magnetic chitosan microspheres: a novel strategy for treating Cr(vi) ion-containing wastewater
Authors: Chen Beibei , Zhu Mingxin , Pan Shunlong , Liu Jiayang , Zhou Hua
Published: December 2024

Novel highly efficient and reusable magnetic chitosan microspheres (PMCPs) were fabricated by grafting polyacryloyloxytrimethylammonium chloride, which provided a new strategy for the treatment of Cr(vi)-containing wastewaters.
Study of the zeolite-catalyzed isomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene
Authors: Xing Shiyong , Cui Yan , Zhang Fenglin , Su Jianbin , Xu Kan , Liu Xiaofei , Chen Ziheng , Zhao Yuehua , Han Minghan
Published: December 2024

Superior catalytic performance can be obtained over beta zeolites, and catalyst deactivation caused by firm adsorption of nitride on acid sites can be effectively recovered via calcination.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Developmental Disabilities Among Children Who Receive Hearing Health Care
Authors: Bonino Angela Yarnell , Goodwich Sara F. , Mood Deborah
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

We aim to determine the prevalence and characteristics of developmental disabilities among the clinical population of children who receive hearing health care in the United States.

Method:

Using electronic health records of 131,709 children (0–18 years), we identified those with a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, vision differences, cerebral palsy, chromosomal abnormalities, delayed milestones, Down syndrome, or intellectual disability. We determined prevalence, age of first audiology encounter, age of diagnosis for the developmental disability, and hearing status based on the specific disability and the number of diagnoses. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions were performed.

Results:

One in four children had a diagnosed developmental disability. The most common disabilities were delayed milestones (11.3%), vision differences (7.4%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (6.6%), and autism spectrum disorder (6.2%). Half of the children with developmental disabilities had at least one diagnosis before their first audiology encounter. Children with developmental disabilities were more likely to have a reduced hearing or an unknown hearing status than children without developmental diagnoses. For children with reduced hearing, those with developmental disabilities had higher rates of bilateral configurations and poorer hearing severity levels.

Conclusions:

Developmental disabilities are common among children who seek hearing health care. Moreover, developmental disabilities often co-occur with reduced hearing. Further research and advocacy efforts are critical for creating clinical practices that are inclusive of, and equitable for, children with complex and diverse developmental profiles.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27857847
Examining the Burnout of Audiologists in Türkiye: Relationships With Quality of Work Life and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Akbulut Ahmet Alperen , Demirel Ayşenur Karaman , Saçlı Yeter , Satıcı Sema , Özcan Ahsen Kartal , Çiprut Ayça
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Although burnout among audiologists has been studied in various countries, there is no research yet that examines this issue in Türkiye, where working conditions and sociodemographic factors may differ from those in other countries. Considering the unique working conditions and sociodemographic factors, this study aimed to investigate the burnout levels of Turkish audiologists. Additionally, this study will explore the impact of various sociodemographic variables on burnout, work-related quality of life, and depression to gain a deeper understanding of the specific challenges faced by audiologists in Türkiye.

Method:

A total of 193 audiologists, with a median age of 27 (interquartile range: 25–29) years, working in different working areas, such as clinical practice, academic institutions, rehabilitation centers, and amplification services in Türkiye, were included. Audiologists were invited to participate in this study via several online forums and hospital notice boards. All participants completed the sociodemographic data form and then the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQoL), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results:

Differences between MBI, WRQoL, and BDI scores were analyzed according to gender, level of education, area of work, and title of audiologist. There are significant differences in the subscale scores of the MBI and WRQoL scales and in the BDI scores between groups according to gender, education, and area of work. There are also significant differences in BDI scores according to title. There is a significant correlation between the MBI, WRQoL, and BDI scores of audiologists.

Conclusions:

This study represents the initial exploration of burnout, quality of work life, and depression levels among audiologists employed in Türkiye. A low quality of work life can increase the risk of burnout and depression. Enhancements in the work environment can lessen burnout and depression while also improving employees' general quality of life.
Semantic Memory, Traumatic Brain Injury, and the Iceberg Effect: What Deficits May Lie Below the Surface?
Authors: McCurdy Ryan A. , Duff Melissa C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this viewpoint was to advocate for increased study of semantic memory ability in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method:

We review modern conceptualizations of semantic memory and its neural correlates and discuss how common neuroanatomical and cognitive deficits in TBI place this population at an increased risk for semantic disruption. Building on discussions at the 2024 International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference, we offer possible explanations for how these disruptions may have been overlooked by our field and offer examples of how semantic memory has been studied in other populations as well as how this work may apply to TBI research.

Result:

Semantic memory is critical for academic, vocational, and interpersonal outcomes. Yet, little is known about semantic memory in TBI beyond naming ability. By examining only surface forms of semantic memory, we may be missing a deeper disruption in semantic structure.

Conclusion:

More in-depth examination of semantic memory promises to uncover underlying mechanisms of cognitive-communication disorders and new opportunities to develop more sensitive clinical measures of semantic memory impairment.
Development of Verb Inflectional Complexity in Palestinian Arabic
Authors: Henkin-Roitfarb Roni , Uziel Sigal , Ishaq Rozana
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study describes the development of verb inflectional morphology in an urban dialect of Palestinian Arabic (PA) spoken in northern Israel, specifically in the city of Haifa, and explores the effect of language typology on acquisition.

Method:

We analyzed naturalistic longitudinal speech samples from one monolingual Arabic-speaking girl aged 1;11–2;3 during spontaneous interactions with family members.

Results:

Initially, truncated forms (“bare stems”) were common but disappeared by the end of the study. By age 1;11, the girl was in the proto-morphological stage, displaying clear three-member mini-paradigms. Affixation complexity gradually increased, with adjacent and obligatory suffixes acquired before distant and optional prefixes. The early acquisition of indicative prefixes (
b–
,
m–
) preceded the later emergence of complex proclitics (e.g., volitive
d–
, progressive
ʕam
), suggesting gradual, systematic morphological acquisition.

Conclusions:

We propose three principles for the development of PA verb inflection: (a) Adjacency: Affixes adjacent to the base are acquired first. (b) R-salience: Suffixes are acquired earlier than prefixes. (c) Obligatoriness: Obligatory morphemes precede optional ones. These principles predict the girl's morphological development and reflect sensitivity to PA's richly inflecting typology. This study highlights the need for detailed descriptive research that is essential for understanding language acquisition processes and informing assessment tools, intervention programs, and educational curricula for PA-speaking children.
Sport-related stressors and athletes’ emotional states in intensive rugby training centers: The buffering effect of coach’s need-supportive style
Authors: Duvert-Chenebert Valentin , Campagne Aurélie , Trouilloud David
Published: December 2024

Objective: Based on basic psychological needs theory, this study aimed to explore the buffering effect of perceived coach need-supportive style on the relationships between sport-specific stressors and athletes’ perceived stress and unpleasant emotions through a temporal perspective. Methods: 58 adolescent athletes (M = 16.5 ± 0,7 years) involved in intensive rugby training centers completed measures of perceived stressors, coach need-supportive style, unpleasant emotions, and stress twice at one-month interval. Results: Multiple regression analyses showed significant associations between (1) the evolution of performance demands and perceived stress and unpleasant emotions, and (2) the evolution of injury demands and unpleasant emotions. Moderated regression analyses showed that the evolution of coach need-supportive style significantly moderated the relations between performance demands and unpleasant emotions and perceived stress. Specifically, athletes’ levels of perceived stress and unpleasant emotions were less affected by sport-related stressors if they perceived a positive evolution of need-support coming from their coaches. Discussion: Findings suggest that the adoption of a supportive coaching style could be a protective factor with respect to the negative impact of sport-related stressors on athletes’ emotional states.
Diagnostik und Therapie von Hyperlipidämien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Weigel Johannes FW , Schwab Karl Otfried
Published: December 2024

Erkrankungen des Lipidstoffwechsels, insbesondere die familiäre Hypercholesterinämie, sind von hoher Bedeutung bei der Entstehung der Atherosklerose. Durch einen Behandlungsbeginn im Kindes- und Jugendalter können kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, wie Herzinfarkte und Schlaganfälle, im Erwachsenenalter verhindert werden. Unter diesen Vorzeichen kommen Screeningprogrammen auf Hypercholesterinämien in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin eine große Bedeutung zu. In den letzten Jahren sind nicht nur neue medikamentöse Therapien für verschiedene Erkrankungen des Lipidstoffwechsels entwickelt, sondern auch neue Daten zum Langzeitüberleben bei familiärer Hypercholesterinämie mit oder ohne Statine veröffentlicht worden.

Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Überblick über die Pathophysiologie, die Diagnostik, die laborchemischen Grenzwerte und die Therapie von Hyperlipidämien im Kindes- und Jugendalter geben.
Critical threshold for synchronizability of high-dimensional Kuramoto oscillators under higher-order interactions
Authors: Huh Hyungjin , Kim Dohyun
Published: December 2024

We study the asymptotic dynamics of the high-dimensional Kuramoto oscillators on the unit sphere with two- and three-body interactions that trigger competition between synchrony and non-synchrony. In this work, we find a critical threshold between interaction strengths for complete synchronizability. Moreover, critical slowing down is observed at this phase transition. Our main theorems are supplemented by several numerical experiments, which provide a qualitative insight beyond theoretical results.
Role of obstacle softness in the diffusive behavior of active particles
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Burada P. S.
Published: December 2024

We numerically investigate the diffusive behavior of active Brownian particles in a two-dimensional confined channel filled with soft obstacles, whose softness is controlled by a parameter K. Here, active particles are subjected to an external bias F. Particle diffusion is influenced by entropic barriers that arise due to variations in the shape of the chosen channel geometry. We observed that the interplay between obstacle softness, entropic barriers, and external bias leads to striking transport characteristics of the active particles. For instance, with increasing F, the non-linear mobility exhibits a non-monotonic behavior, and effective diffusion is greatly enhanced, showing multiple peaks in the presence of soft obstacles. Furthermore, as a function of K and F, particles exhibit various diffusive behaviors, e.g., normal diffusion—where the role of obstacles is insignificant, and subdiffusion or superdiffusion—where the particles are partially trapped by the obstacles, and the particles are ultimately caged by the obstacles. These findings help understand the physical situations wherein active agents diffuse in crowded environments.
Combining real-space and local range separation—The MH24 locally range-separated local hybrid functional
Authors: Maier Toni M.
Published: December 2024

In this work, the development of a new general-purpose exchange–correlation hybrid functional based on the recent locally range-separated local hybrid approach is presented. In particular, the new functional, denoted as MH24, combines a non-empirical treatment of the admixture of locally range-separated long-range exact exchange with a new real-space separation approach for the real-space exact-exchange admixture governed by the local mixing function (LMF) and a new empirical LYP-based approach for the correlation functional to enable a flexible description of same- and opposite-spin correlation effects. The nine empirical parameters of the MH24 model have been optimized using a state-of-the-art super-self-consistent-field approach, which exploits the sensitivity of specific properties, such as core ionization potentials, electron affinities, and atomization energies, to the exact-exchange admixture in specific regions in real space and the separation of the LMF into a core, valence, and asymptotic part. The optimized MH24 functionals are shown to be able to simultaneously provide good accuracy for valence and core properties as well as for electron affinities and noble gas dimer dissociation curves, while satisfying multiple known exact constraints related to the exact-exchange admixture in hybrid functionals. MH24 is thus a major step toward the development of more sophisticated hybrid functional models.
Characterization of photon arrival timing jitter in microwave kinetic inductance detector arrays
Authors: Mohammad Majid G. , Cuda Aled , Clay W. Hawkins , Smith Jennifer Pearl , Arena Michael S. , Redford Joseph , Breckenridge Josh , Bailey John I. , Zobrist Nicholas , Coiffard Grégoire , Moody Galan , Mazin Benjamin A.
Published: December 2024

We measure the photon arrival timing jitter of three superconducting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) within a large array of 20,440 pixels, spanning resonating frequencies from 4 to 8 GHz. We analyze arrival time distributions for photon number n = 1 and n = 2 events and find the distribution full-width at half-maximum ranging from 132 to 796 ns across the three detectors. In combination with nearly zero dark counts and multiplexed readout schemes, sub-microsecond jitter can be leveraged for high-time resolved astronomy, quantum, and bio-physics applications. The measured system jitter serves as an upper limit for MKIDs, with optimized performance likely reaching tens of nanoseconds. We discuss how to improve upon the detector and readout performance.
Tunable bistability, optomechanical and magnomechanically induced transparency in opto-magnomechanical system
Authors: Kumar Singh Madhav , Mahajan Sonam , Bhatt Vijay , Yadav Surabhi , Jha Pradip K , Bhattacherjee Aranya B
Published: December 2024

We investigate theoretically the optical properties of a hybrid optomechanical system embedded with a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. It is considered that YIG interacts with a single mode of the microcavity through magnetic dipole coupling. To enhance the magnomechanical coupling, the magnon mode is directly driven by a microwave field. The microcavity is driven by the control and probe field. The study of steady-state dynamics of the system shows bistable behavior. Furthermore, optomechanically induced transparency under the influence of a strong control field in the system is explored. In addition, magnomechanically induced transparency (MMIT) due to the presence of nonlinear magnon–phonon interaction is studied. Fano like shape is observed in MMIT. The impact of different system parameters is studied. Our results will provide a theoretical approach to understand opto-magnomechanical systems. These results may be useful in all optical switching devices and optical transistors.
Enhancing thermoelectric efficiency of highly conductive CuSbTe2 alloy by reducing electrical thermal conductivity via heavy Se doping
Authors: Cho Hyungyu , Song Uichan , Park Okmin , Kim BeomSoo , Seon Seungchan , Kim Sang-il
Published: December 2024

Recently, CuSbTe2, one of the I–V–VI-based compounds, has received attention as a promising thermoelectric (TE) material that exhibits a narrow bandgap with high electrical conductivity. In this study, the evolution of electrical and thermal transport properties of CuSbTe2 by heavy Se doping was investigated by synthesizing a series of CuSb(Te1−xSex)2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) compositions. The high electrical conductivity of CuSbTe2 (5400 S/cm) is gradually decreased to 1800 S/cm by Se doping with x = 0.4 at 300 K with decreased carrier concentration and mobility. Due to this large reduction in electrical conductivity, the power factor of pristine CuSbTe2 significantly decreased to 0.98 mW/mK2 for x = 0.4 by 25%, along with reduced density-of-states effective mass at 550 K. Nevertheless, the lattice thermal conductivity was reduced by 5%, and the electrical thermal conductivity was significantly reduced by 67% for x = 0.4 at 550 K. Consequently, the total thermal conductivity of pristine CuSbTe2 (2.76 W/mK) is significantly reduced to 1.65 W/mK for x = 0.4 by 40%, mainly owing to the significant reduction of electrical thermal conductivity, which originates from the reduced electrical conductivity. Therefore, an enhanced TE figure of merit (zT) of 0.33 at 550 K is observed for CuSb(Te0.6Se0.4)2 (x = 0.4), which was 26% higher than that of CuSbTe2. In addition, the expected zT for various carrier concentrations is calculated by using a single parabolic band model. It was found that the zT could be further enhanced by reducing the carrier concentration, which can be achieved by further doping of electrons.
Effects of viscosity and induced magnetic fields on weakly nonlinear wave transmission in a viscoelastic tube using physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Bhaumik Bivas , Changdar Satyasaran , Chakraverty Snehashish , De Soumen
Published: December 2024

This study presents an advanced deep learning methodology that utilizes physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), to analyze the transmission of weakly nonlinear waves in a prestressed viscoelastic arterial tube. Using the long wave approximation, a mathematical model is constructed to replicate the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves in a viscoelastic arterial tube filled with viscous nanofluid, taking into account the influence of an induced magnetic field. The perturbed Burger, perturbed Korteweg–de Vries, and perturbed Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers equations are formulated based on the combined effects of nanofluid viscosity and the applied magnetic field using the reductive perturbation technique. Semi-supervised physics-informed neural network models are utilized to solve these perturbed evolutionary equations, trained on a limited dataset within their rectangular domain of definition. Gaussian process-based Bayesian optimization is used to determine the hyperparameters of the neural network, ensuring optimal model is performance. The effectiveness of the optimal models is evaluated by calculating the residual losses associated with the perturbed partial differential equations (PDEs). Visual representations of weakly non-linear wave propagation, considering nanofluid viscosity and induced magnetic fields, enhance the comprehension of dissipative effects in the cardiovascular system. These insights aid in obtaining precise measurements of pulse wave velocity for cardiovascular health monitoring. Consequently, the application of PINN proves to be a valuable tool for solving real-world PDEs and highlights its importance in advancing medical machine learning fields.
Designing van der Waals layers for ferromagnetic quantum spin Hall phase
Authors: Yang Xin , Shen Yanqing , Zhang Yu , Meng Xianghui , Wang Xinyu , Jiang Xiangqian , Ai Qing , Shuai Yong , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: December 2024

Most theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed quantum spin Hall effects (QSHEs) are limited to zero-moment magnets. In this study, we theoretically anticipate the QSHE in ferromagnets and the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in antiferromagnets through van der Waals stacked layers, where the magnetization direction is confined to the in-plane. We introduce a search rule for constructing ferromagnetic (FM) quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) quantum anomalous Hall insulator (QAHI) and further predict a real material of the LuN2/GaS/LuN2 van der Waals multilayer by first-principles calculations. Our results demonstrate the superposition and elimination of Chern numbers under mirror symmetry and time-reversal symmetry, and they further indicate that FM QSHI and AFM QAHI can be converted through deflection magnetization. These findings broaden the material class for QSHE and QAHE and propose a scheme for constructing FM QSHI and AFM QAHI.
High-field SABRE pulse sequence design for chemically non-equivalent spin systems
Authors: Markelov Danil A. , Kozinenko Vitaly P. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V.
Published: December 2024

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) employs the non-equilibrium spin order of parahydrogen as a source of strong nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal enhancement, with the objective of increasing NMR sensitivity. In SABRE, a parahydrogen molecule and a substrate form a transient polarization transfer complex. Performed within the high magnetic field of an NMR spectrometer, SABRE enables the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins without additional polarizers. Nevertheless, it requires thorough pulse sequence design. The high-field polarization transfer strategy strongly depends on the type of the spin system formed by the parahydrogen-nascent protons in the SABRE complex: chemically equivalent or non-equivalent. SABRE hyperpolarization in chemically equivalent spin systems has been the subject of considerable attention, even after being relevant only for a limited number of substrates. Efficient hyperpolarization in chemically non-equivalent complexes remained a key challenge, hindering the full potential of high-field SABRE and the ability to polarize a broader range of SABRE substrates. This work reports the multinuclear 1H–15N pulse sequence for efficient 15N hyperpolarization in chemically non-equivalent SABRE complexes. This approach relies on the simultaneous 1H and 15N radiofrequency excitation of the complex-bound nuclei with weak continuous wave magnetic fields. The proposed pulse sequence enabled the hyperpolarization of the 15N nuclei in a mixture of the antimicrobial drugs containing a 5-nitroimidazol moiety at their natural 15N isotopic abundance (0.76% of 15N polarization). Furthermore, it permitted the precise assignment of the SABRE complexes responsible for the polarization transfer.
Machine learning-assisted investigation on the thermal transport of β-Ga2O3 with vacancy
Authors: Dong Shilin , Zhang Guangwu , Zhang Guangzheng , Lan Xin , Wang Xinyu , Xin Gongming
Published: December 2024

β-Ga2O3 is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor in high-power and high-frequency electronics. The low thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3, which can be further suppressed by the intrinsic vacancy, has been a major bottleneck for improving the performance of β-Ga2O3 power devices. However, deep knowledge on the thermal transport mechanism of β-Ga2O3 with defect is still lacking now. In this work, the thermal transport of β-Ga2O3 with vacancy defects is investigated using the machine learning-assisted calculation method. First, the machine learning moment tensor potential (MTP), which can accurately describe the lattice dynamics behaviors of pristine β-Ga2O3 and solves the problem of low computational efficiency of existing computational models in β-Ga2O3 large-scale simulations, is developed for studying the thermal transport of the pristine β-Ga2O3. Then, the MTP is further developed for investigating the thermal transport of β-Ga2O3 with vacancy and the thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 with oxygen atom vacancies, which are evaluated by machine learning potential combined with molecular dynamics. The result shows that 0.52% oxygen atom vacancies can cause a 52.5% reduction in the thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 [100] direction, illustrating that thermal conductivity can be observably suppressed by vacancy. Finally, by analyzing the phonon group velocity, participation ratio, and spectral energy density, the oxygen atom vacancies in β-Ga2O3 are demonstrated to lead to a significant change in harmonic and anharmonic phonon activities. The findings of this study offer crucial insights into the thermal transport properties of β-Ga2O3 and are anticipated to contribute valuable knowledge to the thermal management of power devices based on β-Ga2O3.
Textured-piezoelectric-ceramic-based focused intravascular ultrasonic transducer with improved image quality and uniformity
Authors: Qiu Chaorui , Su Min , Yang Shuai , Liu Baoqiang , Jia Nanxiang , Xu Zhuo , Zheng Hairong , Sun Lei , Qiu Weibao , Li Fei
Published: December 2024

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is a minimally invasive medical technology that plays a critical role in diagnosis, treatment guidance, and post-treatment assessment of coronary artery diseases. As a crucial component of the IVUS system, conventional IVUS transducers are designed to be planar and unfocused to adequately cover the region of interest. However, this design comes at the cost of spatial resolution. Here, we developed a high-performance focused IVUS transducer using Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PSN-PT) textured ceramics with both high electromechanical performance (thickness-mode electromechanical coupling factor kt: ∼60%) and high Curie temperature (TC: ∼250 °C). Benefiting from the relatively low clamped dielectric constant (ε33S/ε0: ∼450) of PIN-PSN-PT-textured ceramics in contrast to currently used soft piezoelectric ceramics (>1000), we designed a relatively large aperture for the focused IVUS transducer, with a goal of enhancing lateral resolution across a larger depth of field, ranging from 1 to 5 mm. The developed focused IVUS transducer operates at 42 MHz with an −6 dB bandwidth of 72%, featuring a 0.6 × 0.6 mm2 aperture while maintaining an electrical impedance of approximately 40–60 Ω. The axial and lateral resolutions characterized by wire phantom imaging are 45 and 208 μm, respectively. The acoustic pressure generated by the focused IVUS transducer is 1.4 times higher than that of its planar counterpart. Ex vivo porcine coronary artery imaging demonstrates that our focused IVUS transducer offers improved image quality and uniformity for the visualization of intravascular structures. Our work shows great potential of PIN-PSN-PT-textured ceramics for creating high-frequency miniaturized focused transducers.
Effects of atmospheric stability on air flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics within different scale urban areas
Authors: Yang Feng , Cui Peng-Yi , Chen Chen , Zhao Qing-Xia , Huang Yuan-Dong
Published: December 2024

Few studies have reported that the correlation between flow and diffusion characteristics at different spatial scales in urban areas is affected by atmospheric stability conditions. This study established a multi-scale numerical model (from neighborhood to indoor scale) validated by wind tunnel experiments to investigate flow pattern, heat transfer, and pollutant dispersion within different scale urban areas. The atmospheric stability conditions are considered and characterized using the bulk Richardson number (Rib), and then seven Rib scenarios (from −0.21 to 0.79), two pollutant source locations (in- and out-), and two building array types: AL (aligned array) and ST (staggered array) are examined. The findings suggest that the dispersion and dilution effects of pollutants are significantly diminished under thermally stable and AL array conditions. When Rib > 0, the concentration experiences a decline of 31%–36% as Rib decreases, while when Rib < 0, the influence of thermal buoyancy becomes more pronounced, resulting in a reduction in the concentration difference between the AL and ST arrays. Furthermore, the distribution of air exchange rate reveals that increased instability improves the ventilation efficacy, albeit its effect diminishes once it surpasses a critical Rib. This study is helpful to clarify the interrelationship of flow and dispersion phenomena within different scale urban areas, so as to enhance ventilation and alleviate air pollution.
Guidance on surface cyclization reactions through coordination structures
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Tianming , Fu Mingming , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Tao , Yu Longnan , Wang Li , Wang Zhongping
Published: December 2024

Metal coordination structures, formed through interactions between metal atoms and active functional groups, are crucial in determining the reaction pathway and its products. This study examines 2,3-dibromo-6,7-dicyanonaphthalene (DDN), which contains cyano and halogen groups, deposited on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces, using scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature. The reason for the formation of various cyclization products on the Au(111) surface is that the bromine of DDN and the cyano group have overlapping reaction temperature ranges. This overlap leads to the coexistence of C–C coupling products from the debromination sites and cyclization products from the cyano groups. In contrast, on the Ag(111) surface, the final cyclization reaction produces a single type of polymer directly induced by the metal-coordinated structures. The synergistic effects between coordination structures and the activation temperatures of molecular reaction groups are crucial factors in regulating polymerization reactions.
Nonlinear modeling for predicting red blood cell morphological transformations
Authors: Tan Sisi
Published: December 2024

A nonlinear model, based on the area difference elasticity theory, has been developed to predict the sequence of stomatocyte–discocyte–echinocyte transformation in red blood cells. This model coarsely grains the cell membrane into a triangular network, accounting for the shear deformation of membrane skeleton, the area dilation, volume variation, bending deformation, and area difference deformation of lipid bilayer. It exhibits linear behavior under small deformations and transits to nonlinear behavior under large deformations, mirroring the biomechanical response of the cell that is susceptible to small deformations but significantly resists large deformations. The model parameters are calibrated by determining the biconcave equilibrium shape from an ellipsoidal stress-free configuration. After calibration, the model is utilized to predict the stomatocyte–discocyte–echinocyte transformation and is compared with the previously published experimental observations and the numerical results. It has been shown that the equilibrium shapes of a red blood cell are achieved in a self-equilibrium of spring lengths, as well as the balance between the triangle areas and surface area, and the interplay among dihedral curvature and area differences. The nonlinear model is believed to be capable of predicting the deformation behavior of red blood cells in diverse shape-transforming scenarios, such as in microvascular circulation and microfluidic devices.
Non-covalent interactions in conjugated polymer blends: Insights into the stability of PVC/PM6 and CPE/PM6 systems
Authors: Sewak Ram , Khatua Rudranarayan , Mondal Anirban
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the role of non-covalent interactions (NCIs) in stabilizing blends of the conjugated polymer PM6 with additives polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE). Using the NCI index, reduced density gradient analysis, and energy decomposition analysis (EDA), we quantify the contributions of van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and steric repulsions in these systems. Our results reveal that PVC/PM6 blends exhibit stronger NCI, particularly C–H⋯π and C–Cl⋯π interactions, compared to CPE/PM6 blends. EDA further shows that dispersion forces and electrostatic interactions are the primary stabilizing factors in the PVC blend, with hydrogen bonding also playing a critical role. These findings highlight the importance of chlorine content in enhancing NCI and promoting the stability of polymer blends. The insights from this work provide valuable guidance for designing more stable polymer-additive systems in organic electronics and other material applications.
Lift enhancement for airfoil at high angle of attack using flow-induced vibrations
Authors: Gao An-Kang , Chen Zhe , Liu Luoqin , Lu Xi-Yun
Published: December 2024

The lift force of an elastically mounted airfoil experiencing flow-induced vibrations (FIV) in the vertical direction is studied using two-dimensional numerical simulations at the Reynolds number of 800 and high angles of attack. It is found that a lift enhancement as high as 35% can be achieved when the reduced velocity is close to 2. Meanwhile, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is also enhanced. When the maximum lift is achieved, the vortex wake is featured by an upward-moving vortex-pair, which is formed by a stronger leading-edge vortex (LEV) and a weaker trailing-edge vortex. The physics mechanism of the lift enhancement is analyzed using a modified force element theory. Detailed analysis reveals that a strong LEV generated by the FIV is crucial for the high lift. This work may provide insight into the flow control of nano aerial vehicles.
Experimental and theoretical study on performance of bi-porous wick for passive phase-change devices
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Cui Qingjie , You Ziyi , Liu Jie , Zhang Yonghai , Wei Jinjia
Published: December 2024

The driving force of the fluid in passive phase-change devices is provided by the porous wick, and thus, the porous wick is one of the key factors determining the performance of these devices. In this work, the properties of sintered nickel powder porous wicks were systematically studied to give a comprehensive evaluation. Three particle sizes (average diameter 2–20 μm), pore-forming agent concentration (0%–30%wt), and two preparation methods [loose sintering (LS) and cold press sintering] were utilized to prepare 42 samples. The results showed that with the increase in particle size and pore-forming agent concentration and the decrease in preparation pressure, the capillary performance was enhanced due to the improvement in the connectivity of internal pores. However, the strength of the wick decreased. Additionally, an improved model for the capillary wick performance and permeability was proposed by combining the traditional Kozeny–Carman permeability formula with an enhanced permeability equation based on the research outcomes of Byon and Kin. The improved model was specifically optimized for scenarios involving the pore-forming agent. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental data, thoroughly validating the effectiveness of the developed model.