bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phage therapy for burn wound infections in the era of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Tulupov A. A. , Beschastnov V. V.
Published: February 2024

Infection of burn wounds caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens is the leading cause of systemic infectious complications in burned patients and a key link in the pathogenesis of burn disease, causing its course and outcome. The use of phage therapy to overcome antibiotic resistance of infection agents is a promising direction, the development of which can improve the results of treatment of burned. The article discusses: 1) features of the infectious process in burned; 2) the effect of antibacterial chemotherapy of burn wound infection on the microbiome and the processes of reparative regeneration; 3) principles of phage therapy; 4) ways of delivering bacteriophages; 5) development of resistance to bacteriophages 6) personalization of phage therapy.
Teachers empowerment: A transformative approach to mental health, learning disabilities, and inclusive education
Authors: Magotra Aashima , Vidya
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive review article looks into teachers’ transformative role in addressing the intersecting challenges of mental health, learning disabilities (LDs), and inclusive education. Recognizing the global prevalence and impact of these issues, the article emphasizes the crucial involvement point of the school environment. Despite teachers’ potential, challenges such as a lack of knowledge and confidence in understanding and handling mental health conditions and LDs persist. The proposed solutions advocate for targeted training programs and collaboration with mental health professionals, backed up by a hybrid approach that combines in-person and online learning. The article also delves into the educational landscape, addressing issues such as learning difficulties, the prevalence of LDs, and the role of teachers as intermediaries in early identification and support. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of closing the gap between policy intent and practical implementation for every student’s holistic well-being and academic success.
Assessment of awareness regarding rhinocerebral mucormycosis among undergraduate and postgraduate dental students: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Devalla Nivedita , Selvamary A. Leena , Kumar S. G. Ramesh , Anandhan Sujatha
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

The incidence of rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM), a fungal disease seen in immunocompromised individuals have drastically increased after the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of dental students regarding RCM.

Material and Methods:

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among students pursuing BDS/MDS from various dental colleges in Tamil Nadu from August 2021 to October 2021. The questionnaire of 13 questions assessing awareness regarding RCM was administered using Google Forms. List-based random sampling method was used to sample the participants through e-mail and phone numbers of the students from college registries. Reminder calls were made every week to increase the response rate of the study. At the end of 2 months, the final data collected was organized using Google spreadsheets and subjected to statistical analysis through SPSS 22.0.

Results:

There were 597 respondents from 10 dental colleges, of which 172 were males, and 417 were females. Overall knowledge score for the disease ranged from 0.39 to 12.77 with a mean of 6.37. Postgraduates had greater knowledge in all categories of questions, except for causative micro-organisms, other forms of mucormycosis, its sources in the environment, and symptoms of RCM where there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between preclinical, clinical undergraduates, and postgraduates.

Conclusion:

Awareness of dental students regarding RCM was found to be poor to average. Among the three study groups, postgraduates were most aware of the disease. Education and training programs on RCM are necessary for dental students to help them keep an eye out for features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis among the immunocompromised.
The Need of Recognizing and Highlighting the Colonial Urban Heritage of Gafsa’s Mining Basin: The Case of Filej Redeyef
Authors: CHRIHA Salem
Published: February 2024

Pour chaque nation, le patrimoine urbain représente un élément fondamental de la mémoire collective. De nos jours, la mise en valeur du patrimoine dépasse l’approche quasi-sacrée, qui s’est perpétuée durant des décennies, pour devenir un créneau de développement culturel et touristique. En Tunisie, la sauvegarde du riche patrimoine national est aujourd’hui un sujet d’actualité urgent. Si la patrimonialisation permet de garder des éléments témoins de l’histoire des Tunisiens, elle permet aussi de promouvoir le développement en particulier dans des régions souvent déshéritées. Des efforts existent pour valoriser le patrimoine tunisien quelle que soit sa nature ou sa situation géographique. Toutefois, les résultats restent au-dessous des intentions et de nombreuses richesses patrimoniales demeurent mal valorisées voire ignorées malgré la valeur qu’elles renferment. C’est le cas du patrimoine urbain colonial de la ville minière de Redeyef (El-Filej) au sud-ouest tunisien qui a connu d’importantes altérations suite aux désintérêts et à la défaillance des autorités et des nouveaux habitants en matière de valorisation du patrimoine et à la pression démographique qui rend d’autant plus vulnérables des espaces urbains historiques.
Discussion d'un scénario fictif extrême sur la Péninsule Antarctique : l'effet d'une fonte intense sur le bilan de masse en surface
Authors: GLAUDE Quentin , DETHINNE Thomas , LAMBIN Clara , FETTWEIS Xavier
Published: February 2024

This discussion paper interprets the findings of a recent study comparing melt estimates from the regional atmospheric model MAR, those derived from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), and microwave remote sensing images over the Antarctic Peninsula from 2019 to 2021. Our interpretation reveals a paradox: MAR overestimates melt when compared to AWS-based melt estimates, yet underestimates melt when compared to satellite imagery. This discrepancy underscores a fundamental gap in our understanding of surface processes. To illustrate the potential implications of this gap, we present a fictional (“what-if”) scenario that explores an extreme case of melting, based on parametrizations from Kittel et al., 2022, and the outliers of Dethinne et al., 2023. We examine the potential impact on the ice sheet's surface mass balance (SMB), drawing parallels with the situation in Greenland during the 1990s, where increased melt production had cascading effects on SMB. Moreover, we highlight that the presence of liquid water at the surface of the snowpack can be a precursor to significant destabilization processes over ice shelves, although this aspect is not the focus of our current paper. By opening a debate on the accuracy and interpretation of melt modeling, we aim to draw attention to the potential consequences of extreme melting events on the Antarctic Ice Sheet's SMB and stability.
The effects of deindustrialization in a congolese town, Kinshasa (DRC)
Authors: KADIBIDIA Augustin NKONGOLO
Published: February 2024

La ville de Kinshasa était un des pôles prioritaires d’industrialisation du Congo belge. Les facteurs de localisation industrielle tels que l’existence du port fluvial de Léopoldville, d’une forte demande en biens de consommation, des sources d’énergie dans le Bas-Congo, de groupes financiers étrangers ont guidé les acteurs industriels pour implanter quelques industries manufacturières entre 1900 et 2020. Le tissu industriel était composé des industries alimentaires, boissons, textiles, chantiers navals, peintures, matières plastiques, meubles, bois, constructions métalliques, cuir, emballage, sidérurgie, matériaux de construction, imprimeries, chimie, matériel de transport et cosmétiques. Une grande partie de ce tissu a disparu progressivement depuis 1969-1970. Face à cette désindustrialisation, notre objectif est de rechercher pourquoi l’activité industrielle a diminué dans ce pôle de développement. Quelles sont les conséquences de ces fermetures ? Quelles stratégies doivent être mises en place pour réindustrialiser la ville et éviter le modèle d’industrialisation coloniale ?
Design of 2D nanomaterials (photo-)electrocatalysts for biomass valorization coupled with H2 production
Authors: Mohazzab Bahareh Feizi , Torabi Kiarash , Gao Dandan
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable energy is a promising strategy for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics severely limit the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the overall energy conversion efficiency of the water electrolyzer. To overcome this challenge, hybrid water electrolysis systems have been developed which replace the sluggish OER with thermodynamically and kinetically favorable biomass (photo-)electro-oxidation. In addition, these system allow for the simultaneous production of value-added chemical products. This review highlights the design strategies related to the host structure remodeling and structure assembly design of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based (photo)electrocatalysts, as well as their wide application in hybrid water electrolysis. Moreover, the current challenges and emerging strategies for the development of advanced (photo-)electrocatalysts and industrial-scale systems are emphasized.
AlphaFold meets de novo drug design: leveraging structural protein information in multi-target molecular generative models
Authors: Bernatavicius Andrius , Šícho Martin , Janssen Antonius , Hassen Alan Kai , Preuss Mike , van Westen Gerard
Published: February 2024

Advances in deep learning have expanded the applications of virtual screening for drug-like compounds. More recently generative models have emerged as sources of inspiration for chemists. We introduce a multi-target model, PCMol, that leverages the latent embeddings derived from AlphaFold as a means of conditioning the de novo generative model on target proteins. It is known that the addition of protein descriptors is an effective strategy to extend the applicability domain and prediction capability of quantitative structure-activity relation (QSAR) models, a strategy we refer to as proteochemometrics (PCM). Similarly, the use of AlphaFold latent embeddings within a generative model for small molecules allows it to leverage structural relationships between proteins. This opens up new possibilities such as interpolation within the chemical space of known highly active compounds and extrapolation on the target side based on their similarities to other proteins, which is especially relevant for understudied or novel targets. Our results indicate that PCMol can generate diverse, potentially active molecules for a wide array of proteins, including those with sparse ligand bioactivity data. We also benchmark against existing target-conditioned trans-former models to illustrate the validity of using AlphaFold protein representations to steer the molecular generation process and increase the generalization capabilities to unseen targets. Additionally, we demonstrate the important role of data augmentation in bolstering the performance of generative models in low-data regimes. The open-source package along with a dataset of AlphaFold protein embeddings is available at https://github.com/CDDLeiden/PCMol.
Control of energy transfer by tuning Donor/Acceptor interface for exciplex upconversion-type organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Fukazawa Ryosuke , Morimoto Masahiro , naka shigeki
Published: February 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) generally require operating voltage corresponding to the energy gap of the emitter. To reduce operating voltage, exciplex upconversion-type OLEDs (ExUC-OLEDs) have been reported. ExUC-OLEDs emit light via triplet-triplet upconversion (TTU) by transferring the energy of the exciplex to T1 of the emitter. Therefore, a combination of donor and acceptor that form an appropriate exciplex for energy transfer is required, and the degree of freedom in material selection for ExUC-OLEDs is low. Herein, the insertion of the spacer at the donor/acceptor interface controls the coulombic attraction, the energy of the exciplex, and the energy transfer to the emitter. As a result, ExUC emission is maintained up to 3 nm spacer thickness, and the external quantum efficiency is improved. Therefore, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in material selection for ExUC-OLEDs by using appropriate spacer materials.
AI-guided biorefinery optimization for the production of lignin-carbohydrate complexes with tailored properties
Authors: Diment Daryna , Löfgren Joakim , Alopaeus Marie , Stosiek Matthias , Cho Mijung , Xu Chunlin , Hummel Michael , Rigo Davide , Rinke Patrick , Balakshin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) present a unique prospect for exploiting the synergy between lignin and carbohydrates in high-value products. To date, the production of LCCs in high yields is still an open challenge. Herein, we address this challenge with a novel approach for the targeted production of LCCs. With the help of artificial intelligence (AI), we optimized our AquaSolv Omni (AqSO) biorefinery toward the synthesis of LCCs with high carbohydrate content (up to 60/100 Ar) and high yields (up to 15 wt%). Our AI approach was essential for biorefinery fine-tuning toward maximum performance, while keeping the number of experiments within reasonable limits. More specifically, we followed a Bayesian Optimization approach that allowed us to iteratively collect data and explore the effect on yield and carbohydrate content of selected processing conditions: temperature, process severity, and liquid-to-solid ratio. By means of a Pareto front analysis, we identified optimal trade-offs between the LCC yield and carbohydrate content. We discovered sizeable regions of processing conditions that yield LCCs in 8-15 wt% with carbohydrate content in the range of 10-40/100 Ar. To evaluate the utility of the produced LCCs for future high-value applications, we measured key properties: the glass transition temperature (Tg), the surface tension, and the antioxidant activity. Intriguingly, we found that LCCs with high carbohydrate content are generally related with low Tg and surface tension. The presented biorefinery concept, in conjunction with its AI-guided optimization, is a first step toward the scalable production of LCCs tailor-made for high-value applications.
Limestone conversion to cement clinker precursor in a zero-gap electrolyzer
Authors: Ji Tengxiao , Ren Shaoxuan , Jiang Gaopeng , Yang Yumeng , Ma Siwei , Waizenegger Christopher , Kim Yongwook , Jewlal Andrew , Stolar Monika , Berlinguette Curtis
Published: February 2024

The carbon intensity of industrial cement production could be reduced if the high-temperature kilns used to decompose limestone (CaCO3(s)) were replaced. One possible solution is to use electrochemical reactors to convert CaCO3(s) into Ca(OH)2(s). The challenge is that the continuous-flow electrochemical reactors reported to date all require voltages that are too high (>4 V at 100 mA cm–2) to be put into practice. A key reason for these high voltages is that the reactors contain a chemical chamber, inserted between the anode and cathode chambers, that leads to a high Ohmic resistance. In this study, we present an electrolyzer that decomposes CaCO3(s) into reactive Ca2+ ions using only two chambers. This cell design, with an anode and cathode chamber separated by a membrane instead of a chemical chamber, follows a “zero-gap” design akin to hydrogen-producing electrolyzers and fuel cells. This cement electrolyzer is capable of operating at a full cell voltage (Ecell) of merely 0.38 V at 100 mA cm–2, and with 100% faradaic efficiency (FE). This strikingly low Ecell is 1.4 V lower than any other reported Ecell. We achieved this goal by not only eliminating the chemical chamber, but by also engaging the reversible redox activity of (hydro)anthraquinones to mediate oxidation and reduction within a narrow electrochemical window. This streamlined reactor is capable of operating at a record low voltages of 0.38 V at 100 mA cm–2, and 4.23 V at 1 A cm–2.
Chemical accuracy for ligand-receptor binding Gibbs energies through multi-level SQM/QM calculations
Authors: Jameel Froze , Stein Matthias
Published: February 2024

Calculating the Gibbs energies of binding of ligand-receptor systems with a thermochemical accuracy of ± 1 kcal/mol is challenge to computational approaches. A semi-empirical quantum chemical exploration of the conformational space of host, ligand and complexes followed by a multi-level refinement of poses in terms of electronic energies and solvation is able to give Gibbs energies of binding of drug molecules to CB[8] and β-CD macrocyclic receptor with such an accuracy. The accurate treatment of a small number of poses outperforms system-specific force-matching and alchemical transfer model approaches without an extensive sampling and intergration.
Rare inflammatory myofibroblastic lung tumor with multi-organ metastasis: A case report
Authors: Budurova Marina D. , Trifanov Vladimir S. , Bagrov Vladimir A. , Lozhkin Mikhail V. , Chernichenko Maria A. , Surkova Victoria S. , Poluektov Sergey I. , Lyubchenko Liudmila N.
Published: February 2024

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are extremely rare neoplasms, accounting for 0.04–0.7% of all tumors. Data on their clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and biological behavior are scarce. They can occur at any age, involving equally males and females. IMTs have been described as benign neoplasms with intermediate malignant potential, as local recurrence and distant metastasis may occur. IMTs are characterized by a solid growth type, and a multifocal type is uncommon. Definitive surgery is the treatment of choice. We describe a clinical case of a malignant IMT with multi-organ metastasis 6 years after definitive surgery on the primary tumor. There is no standard of care in such a clinical situation, especially given the absence of mutations in the primary and metastatic tumors.
Dermatological toxicity in the treatment of malignant tumors in children: A review
Authors: Belysheva Tatiana S. , Shatokhina Evgeniya A. , Komarova Anastasia D.
Published: February 2024

Modern antitumor drugs have high antitumor activity. But only a number of them realize their antitumor effect in a targeted manner with minimal manifestations of concomitant toxicity. Damage to the skin and mucous membranes as part of the toxic effects of chemotherapy not only reduces the quality of life of patients, but can lead to disruption of the patient’s nutritional status, infection, and generalization of the infectious process with the development of sepsis. This review describes the major drugs that have dermatological toxicity, the main clinical variants of dermatological toxicity, methods for their prevention and treatment.
How a significant increase in survival in pancreatic cancer is achieved. The role of nutritional status and supportive care: A review
Authors: Zhukova Liudmila G. , Bordin Dmitry S. , Dubtsova Elena A. , Ilin Matvey A. , Kiriukova Mariia A. , Feoktistova Polina S. , Egorov Vyacheslav I.
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious public health problem. The mortality rate of patients with PC remains one of the highest among cancers. Early diagnosis of PC is challenging, so it is often diagnosed in the later stages. Current treatment approaches, including surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and supportive care, have demonstrated improved outcomes. A significant problem remains exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in patients with PC, which requires enzyme replacement therapy. However, this is not given due attention in the Russian literature. This review addresses the survival trends of patients with PC, current therapies, and enzyme replacement therapy as an integral part of supportive care and improvement of nutritional status; also, the issues of routing patients with PC are addressed. It is emphasized that the diagnosis and treatment of EPI are mandatory to improve and maintain the nutritional status and quality of life; failure to treat EPI renders antitumor treatment ineffective.
The place and role of oral microflora in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis in malignant neoplasms (literature review)
Authors: Zavyalov Aleksander A. , Tyryshkin Aleksandr I. , Olesova Valentina N. , Pashchenko Nataliya A. , Gurkova Marina M.
Published: February 2024

Background. Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most frequent complications of systemic drug therapy of oncological diseases. Clinically, the disease manifests itself in the form of erythema and ulceration of the non-corneating mucous membrane. Although this condition is self-healing, it can affect the conduct of comprehensive antitumor treatment. Currently, the pathophysiological model of the development of OM is supplemented with new data obtained during studies of the oral microflora. Antitumor treatment can lead to changes in the composition of the resident oral microflora and it is quite possible that the changes that occur may affect the development of damage to the oral mucosa. The expansion of knowledge in this area allows researchers to look for new ways to include oral microbiota in OM management strategies.
Aim. To summarize and update the accumulated data regarding the role of the oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of OM in patients with malignant neoplasms.
Materials and methods. Literature search was performed in Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary and Pubmed, including publications demonstrating the current ability to assess the impact of the oral microbiome on OM, as well as developments in this area relating to OM management.
Results. In the review the current views on the position of the oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of OM were highlighted and the promising directions for the use of agents influencing the state of the oral microbiota in various strategies to control this disease were emphasised.
Conclusion. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of OM and the inclusion of new factors, such as the oral microbiome, into the picture of pathogenesis is likely to enable the formation of more effective management strategies for this disease in the future. This direction seems very promising, and developments in this area show promising results.
Radiation injuries of organs and tissues: mechanisms of occurrence, methods of prevention and treatment: A review
Authors: Balaeva Daiana A. , Romanov Denis S. , Trofimova Oxana P. , Gadzhibabaeva Zarina Z. , Gorchak Yury Yu. , Gariaev Garia A.
Published: February 2024

In modern medicine, radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main therapies for cancer. According to the World Health Organization, about 70% of patients diagnosed with cancer require RT at some stage of treatment. Development and improvement of methods for early diagnosis of cancers, multimodal therapy for cancer patients, including surgical intervention, new drug treatment regimens, modern methods of conformal 3D-RT and proton therapy significantly improved the treatment outcomes of patients and increased their life expectancy. Modern RT is a high-tech chain of sequential use of complex technical devices and mathematical calculations to destroy the tumor without adversely affecting the surrounding normal tissues. Some patients develop radiation injuries to normal organs and tissues that reduce their quality of life. Prevention and treatment of such injuries are urgent problems of modern oncology. The article addresses the pathogenesis and mechanism of the development of systemic and local radiation responses, as well as methods of treatment and prevention of some of them. Three electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE, and Russian radiotherapists' publications, were used for systematic review in the information retrieval process.
Rapimelts of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride- An Approach to Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation
Authors: Keshavamurthy Setty Heregangur , . Pradeep , Thimmasetty Juturu , S Sandeep D , Girish Bolakatti
Published: February 2024

The present research workwas designed to manufacture venlafaxine hydrochloride rapimelts using different super disintegrants by direct compression method. The superdisintegrants used were sodium starch glycolate Primogel croscarmellose sodium Ac-Di-Sol and crospovidone Polyplasdone XL10 in varying concentrations of 2-5. In total nine formulations of venlafaxine hydrochloride rapimelts were prepared. The preformulation studies were conducted for the prepared blends and were found satisfactory. The formulated tablets of venlafaxine hydrochloride were evaluated for parameters like friability hardness disintegration time wetting time water absorption ratio disintegration time drug content and drug release. All the evaluated parameters were found within the limits. Amongst therapimelts prepared R-IX containing 5 of crospovidone showed 100 of drug release within 20 min and was optimized as the best formulation. The rapimelts of optimized formulation was subjected for accelerated stability studies as per ICH guidelines for a period of 180 days and then evaluated for hardness wetting time water absorption ratio and in vitro dispersion time. No significant changes in the evaluated parameters indicate that the formulation was found functionally stable.
Development of Phortress Analogues: Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Screening of Benzothiazole Fused Acetamides
Authors: Bolakatti Girish , Badiger Arvind , Japhet Kimeli , Shivayogappa Katagi Manjunath , Kedige Ramesh Dyamappa
Published: February 2024

A hybrid pharmacophore search for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EGFR-Tk inhibition recently turned into widespread trend in the development of new anticancer agents. Molecular hybridization approach was basically adopted in QSAR study to develop in silicomolecular motifs. A series of ten derivatives of 2-4-6-substituted-benzodthiazol-2-ylphenylamino-N-substitutedphenyl acetamide 3a-j were prepared by condensing 4-benzodthiazol-2-yl benzenamine 2awith 2-chloro-N-substituted-phenylacetamide1a-j in the presence of glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral IR 1 H-NMR 13C-NMR and MS studies. All the synthesized derivatives were screened for invitro cytotoxic activity. It was observed that the MCF-7 and HT29 cancer cells were found to be more sensitive.Among the ten synthesized compounds two compounds 3b and 3d were screened on 60 cell lines at NCI and demonstrateda significant anticancer activity. Further in vitroEGFR inhibition screening showedthat the compounds screened exhibited significantinhibitory activity. In summary the synthesized compounds showed remarkable anticancer activity.
Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel N’-Substituted Pyrrole Heterocyclics and Aromatic Sulphonamides as Antimycobacterial Agent
Authors: R Prem Kumar S , D Joshi Shrinivas , H Kulkarni Venkatarao
Published: February 2024

Surflex docking has been carried out on a sequence 27 molecules bearing pyrrole ring of active M. tuberculosis inhibitors by use of SYBYL-X 2.0 package Tripos Inc. St. Louis USA. Surflex-docking studies revealed that the pyrrolyl peptide linkage CO-NH OSO-NH to the aromatics with substituted pyrroles was substantially important to bind with receptor and it is also established that the pattern of binding of tested structures which showed similar binding pattern as that of the ligand 1-cyclohexyl-N-35-dichlorophenyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide this in turn benefit us in understanding the precise action of the synthesized molecules.
Lung Transplantation: Potential of Biomarkers & Nanotechnology in Management of Organ Rejection
Authors: R Suma , Devi Kusum
Published: February 2024

Lung transplantation is an established and suitable treatment to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of patients with various end-stage pulmonary diseases. Progress in the understanding of the immunobiology of rejection has been translated to the development of immunosuppressive agents targeting T cells B cells plasma cells costimulatory signals complement products and antidonor antibodies. Early detection of organ rejection and outcome prediction by biomarkers in organ transplantation leadsto prompt initiation of suitable immunosuppressive therapy which may help to prevent early morbidity and mortality. But the current list of immunosuppressive agents used are found to be associated with significant toxicity and side effects mainly nephrotoxicity opportunistic infections serum sickness anaphylaxis and neurotoxicity which made researchers to find out various ways for targeting immunosuppressants to target cells of the immune system thus reducing the toxic effects associated with conventional dosage forms. Nanotechnology has emerged in the past two decades as a field with the potential to satisfy clinical needs in the area of targeted and sustained drug delivery of various immunosuppressive agents. In this review article an attempt has been bade to provide an overview about role of biomarkers and nanotechnology in efficient management of organ rejection.
Breast implant surface topography triggers a chronic-like inflammatory response
Authors: Vinci Valeriano , Belgiovine Cristina , Janszen Gerardus , Agnelli Benedetta , Pellegrino Luca , Calcaterra Francesca , Cancellara Assunta , Ciceri Roberta , Benedetti Alessandra , Cardenas Cindy , Colombo Federico , Supino Domenico , Lozito Alessia , Caimi Edoardo , Monari Marta , Klinger Francesco Maria , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Raffaele Alessandro , Comoli Patrizia , Allavena Paola , Mavilio Domenico , Di Landro Luca , Klinger Marco , Rusconi Roberto
Published: February 2024

Breast implants are extensively employed for both reconstructive and esthetic purposes. However, the safety of breast implants with textured surfaces has been questioned, owing to a potential correlation with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and the recurrence of breast cancer. This study investigates the immune response elicited by different prosthetic surfaces, focusing on the comparison between macrotextured and microtextured breast implants. Through the analysis of intraoperatively harvested periprosthetic fluids and cell culture experiments on surface replicas, we demonstrate that macrotextured surfaces elicit a more pronounced chronic-like activation of leucocytes and an increased release of inflammatory cytokines, in contrast to microtextured surfaces. In addition, in vitro fluorescent imaging of leucocytes revealed an accumulation of lymphocytes within the cavities of the macrotextured surfaces, indicating that the physical entrapment of these cells may contribute to their activation. These findings suggest that the topography of implant surfaces plays a significant role in promoting a chronic-like inflammatory environment, which could be a contributing factor in the development of lymphomas associated with a wide range of implantable devices.
Estratégias de educação em saúde na atenção primária no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Duran Oliveira Gabriela , Greco Genoveza Pavão Giulia , Do Carmo Perez Júlia Victória , Keismanas de Ávila Lívia , Silva de Freitas Mariana , De Souza Queiroz de Oliveira Paloma
Published: February 2024

No cenário de pandemia da COVID-19, a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) se torna, mais do que nunca, necessária, com sua importante função na prevenção e controle da disseminação dessa doença. Este estudo objetiva relatar as possíveis mudanças nas estratégias de educação em saúde, em decorrência da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual foram percorridas as seguintes etapas: elaboração da questão de pesquisa, amostragem ou busca na literatura dos estudos, extração de dados, avaliação dos estudos incluídos, interpretação dos resultados, apresentação da revisão. Desta forma, o estudo foi composto por sete artigos originais que foram submetidos a análise dos dados. A análise dos resultados evidenciados foi realizada de forma descritiva, na qual foram identificadas ações voltadas às necessidades em saúde da população, e aos profissionais de saúde. Os resultados consistiram, sobretudo, na identificação da inclusão das tecnologias de informação e comunicação como mecanismos adicionais para o acesso à informação para a população e na educação permanente de profissionais de saúde.
Integrating virtual reality with internet of things: Architectures, applications and challenges
Authors: Ushaa Eswaran , Vishal Eswaran , Vivek Eswaran
Published: February 2024

The integration of Virtual Reality (VR) environments with Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure can enable more intuitive and immersive interactions. However, realizing the potential of this convergence requires overcoming technical constraints and implementation challenges. This paper reviews the motivations, architectures, applications, and open issues associated with combining VR and IoT. This study also aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of architectures, use cases and technical challenges involved in integrating VR and IoT to guide further research and real-world deployment. Use cases in manufacturing, energy, retail, entertainment and other sectors highlight the benefits like remote monitoring, training and collaboration unlocked by interfacing VR's realistic 3D visualizations with real-time IoT sensor data. This paper also discusses VR simulation of IoT systems for testing, limitations in interoperability, and security considerations. The outlook for VR-IoT solutions is promising, with 5G and edge computing advancements expected to address current bottlenecks to adoption. Human-centric design approaches focused on high-value use cases can enable impactful deployments across domains.
Raise the Flag II: sepsis mortality before and after the introduction of a whole-of-system quality improvement programme at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand
Authors: Huggan Paul , Walland Katherine , Lao Chunhuan , Gwynne Anna , Dobbins Daniel , Martynoga Robert
Published: February 2024

aims: To study in-patient mortality before and after the introduction of a whole-of-system sepsis quality improvement programme at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand. methods: The “Raise the Flag” sepsis quality improvement programme was launched in 2018. Discharge coding data were used to identify sepsis cases between May 2015 and July 2021. results: Of 4,268 cases of sepsis identified, 81% were over 55 years old, 34% were of Māori or Pacific Island ethnicity, 61% had significant co-morbid illness and over two thirds (68%) lived in the two highest quintiles of socio-economic deprivation. The adjusted odds of in-patient mortality were lower in the post-launch period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–0.98, p<0.05), and were higher in association with age (aOR 1.04 for every additional year of age, 95% CI 1.03–1.05, p<0.01), socio-economic status (aOR 1.47 comparing the highest quintile of socio-economic deprivation with the lowest, 95% CI 1.06–2.04, p=0.02) and comorbidity (aOR 2.42 comparing a comorbidity score of 1 with a score of 0, 95% CI 2.1–3.52, p<0.01). conclusion: In patients with a sepsis diagnosis, the odds of in-patient death were lower following the launch of the Raise the Flag sepsis quality improvement programme.
Simulation-Based Investigation of Crack Formation in Forged MB15 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Song Lulu , Liu Dongmei , Yuan Jie , Tian Ruihuan , Jin Liying
Published: February 2024

In the process of riveting an MB15 forging die, cracks were discovered emerging along the longitudinaldirection and near the riveting hole. Through fracture analysis, microscopic observation, energy spectrum analysis,metallographic examination, and hardness test, the properties and causes of the cracks are discussed. The results indicatethat the cracking type is intergranular brittle cracking, occurring during the forging stage. Furthermore, the recrystallizationat the crack site is found to be incomplete, which is attributed to the low deformation temperature.
Edema pulmonar de las alturas en paciente pediátrico.
Authors: Ortegon Candela Edwin Nicolas , Peña Giraldo María Estefanía , Castellanos Bohorquez Octavio
Published: February 2024

Resumen:  El edema pulmonar es una entidad raramente diagnosticada en pacientes pediátricos debido principalmente a su subestimación clínica. En este reporte de caso, siguiendo las recomendaciones de las guías para reporte de casos (Case Report Guidelines) CARE presentamos un paciente de 13 años en compañía de su tío al Servicio de Urgencias por presentar un cuadro clínico de origen agudo (menos a seis horas), el cual consiste en la aparición de dificultad respiratoria al despertar asociado a un único episodio emético de contenido alimenticio y dolor torácico. Al ingreso el médico de urgencias desde tomar paraclínicos e imágenes diagnósticas (radiografía de tórax posteroanterior y lateral) en donde se encuentran hallazgos imagenológicos descritos como múltiples infiltrados generalizados con opacidades algodonosas diseminadas en ambos campos pulmonares por lo que en un principio el abordaje del paciente se enfocó a la presencia de neumonía adquirida en comunidad multilocular, sospechando de presencia de gérmenes atípicos. El servicio de pediatría institucional aborda el caso clínico e indaga al paciente y su familia quienes refieren cuadró clínico es aparición súbita, no presentó sintomatología respiratoria ni contacto con paciente SARS COV 2 en los últimos tres meses, sin embargo llama la atención que el paciente la noche anterior realiza un viaje de casi ocho horas de duración desde Villavicencio, ciudad que se encuentra a una altura de 457 metros sobre el nivel del mar hasta el municipio de Chiquinquirá el cual se encuentra a 2.226 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Teniendo en cuenta el tiempo de aparición, las características clínicas, elevación de marcadores de severidad se considera como diagnóstico principal una enfermedad de las alturas asociado a edema pulmonar por lo que se indica manejo diurético intravenoso y oxígeno suplementario a bajo flujo. Posteriormente el paciente presenta resolución de la enfermedad en dos días de tratamiento, donde se puede evidenciar dicha evolución de manera clínico e imagenológica. Teniendo en cuenta la noxa epidemiológica de los últimos dos años asociada a la enfermedad por SARS COV 2, la prevalencia de enfermedades pulmonares en pacientes pediátricos el diagnóstico de este tipo de entidades puede tornarse algo confuso y convertirse en un reto clínico diagnóstico, lo cual hace importante conocer la fisiopatología, los factores de riesgo, la población vulnerable, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad no únicamente en pacientes en edad pediátrica, sino en la población en general.
A biomonitoring study of Diadema setosum: metal bioaccumulation and current status in Iskenderun Bay, eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Uğurlu Erkan
Published: February 2024

Concentrations of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, lead, manganese, iron and zinc were determined in sea urchin species, Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in December 2022. The level of metals was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Concentrations of the heavy metals in the examined sea urchins ranged as follows: Al 0.07-7.17 µg g-1; Cr 0.07–0.8 µg g-1; Co 0.01–0.2 µg g-1; Ni 0.2–2.9 µg g-1; Cd 0.0–0.02 µg g-1; Pb 0.4-3.5 µg g-1; Mn 0.03–0.4 µg g-1; Fe 1.2-57.2 µg g-1; Zn 0.28–2.7 µg g-1, respectively. The highest accumulation of Fe and Pb metals was determined in the tissues of the sea urchin. The present study suggests that D. setosum could be a potential biological indicator of metal pollution in the İskenderun Bay. Furthermore, soft tissues generally had lower levels overall. For this reason, the data show that D. setosum is a very good heavy metal collector and therefore may be used successfully to monitor heavy metal levels in Iskenderun Bay.
The Influence of Hot Point on MTU CB Condition at the Pgeli-Giugur 1 Bay Line (PT. PLN Paya Geli Substation)
Authors: Maizana Dina , Situmorang Cando , Satria Habib , Yahya Yanawati Binti , Ayyoub Muhammad , Bhalerao Manoj V. , Mohammad Ashif
Published: February 2024

Local heating that occurs in substation equipment is caused by the current flowing in the conductor due to resistance. The parts that often experience heating are the terminals and connections at the substation, especially between two different metals, as well as the conductor cross-section which decreases due to corrosion. So that part must be considered. As for how to control or check the temperature is done by using thermovision. The heat temperature of the Circuit Breaker (CB) equipment at the Bay line PGELI-GIUGUR1 at Paya GeIi Substation is still in normal conditions where the temperature ranges from 20oC-43oC. But one phase need attention if temperature more than 70oC, it is needed for improvement plans. The temperature difference between the phases of the CB equipment at Bay Iine P. GELI-GLUGUR 1 at Paya Geli Substation has reached condition 5 (five), so it needs serious attention and a repair plan, to avoid short circuits between phases (R, S, T).
Electromechanical Devices of Adaptive and Control-Tracking Systems
Authors: G.S. Kerimzade , Jain Vishal , Mahjabeen Farhana , Ahmad Munir , Patil Dipak P. , Garba Auwal , Mahajan Vinod Shantaram
Published: February 2024

In the presented work, some characteristics of devices of adaptive and control-tracking control systems are considered. The characteristic features of angle sensors, methods of converting analog signals with high accuracy (for example, sine-cosine transformers) occupies a leading position among the development and research of tracking systems. The modern electronic element base opens up new possibilities - the creation of tracking digital angle converters (TDAC) using the principles of digital tracking and adaptive control in them. Stability, efficiency, load form determines the reliability, accuracy, economy, service life of electromechanical automation devices, test equipment, etc. Determining the characteristics, establishing analytical relationships between the initial data and output parameters is one of the stages of the algorithm for solving the problems of designing equipment parameters for monitoring and tracking control systems, which in turn contributes to the development of a mathematical model from a system of equations, the joint solution of which allows you to establish analytical relationships between the initial data and settings.
Planning to Reconfigure the 150 kV Transmission Network at PT. PLN (Persero) Tualang Cut Network and Substation
Authors: Hasibuan Arnawan , Asran Asran , Adriansyah Fery , Ismail Baharuddin , Siregar Widyana Verawaty , Sayuti Muhammad
Published: February 2024

System condition at PT. PLN (Persero) Tualang Cut Substation where the reliability of the 150 kV system depends on the Langsa Substation, which we will reconfigure on the Lgs-P.B and Lgs-T.C channels to P.B-T. C and T.C-Lgs. The planning for the reconfiguration of the 150 kv transmission network of the Tualang Cut Substation was carried out by estimating the distance of the transmission line and the constraints that occurred. The condition of the electric power system that is currently operating at PT. PLN (Persero) Tualang Cut Substation is considered less efficient in receiving power from the 150 kV SUTT interconnection. The SUTT in Tualang Cut currently receives electrical power from the Langsa Substation with a Losses value on lines 1 and 2 of 771,4142474 kW and experiences a Voltage Drop on lines 1 and 2 of 4,38 kV. After we reconfigured the channel, from the results of the reconfiguration there was a decrease in Losses on channels 1 and 2 by 311,298581 kW which before the reconfiguration of power losses on the line amounted to 771,4142474 kW and after being reconfigured to 460,1156668 kW there was a decrease in Voltage Drop on channels 1 and 2 by 1,44 kV, before the reconfiguration of the voltage drop on the line of 4,38 kV and after the reconfiguration to 2,94 kV, the reconfiguration carried out is the best solution to reduce losses and voltage drops.
Analiza rynku złota – wybrane aspekty
Authors: KOWAL Barbara , PRUSAK Szymon , POKUSA Przemysław
Published: February 2024

Szczególnie cennymi surowcami mineralnymi są metale i kamienie szlachetne. Do metali szlachetnych zalicza się złoto, srebroi platyna, natomiast w grupie kamieni szlachetnych są m.in. diamenty, rubiny, szmaragdy, szafiry i wiele innych. Złoto jako kopalinanie odgrywa istotnego znaczenia gospodarczego, a jako metal jest mało użyteczne. Jednak od dawna stanowi symbol władzy, bogactwai bezpieczeństwa. Ta symbolika stanowi podstawę wartości tego kruszcu.Artykuł stanowi omówienie wybranych aspektów rynku złota. Przedstawia informacje na temat pochodzenia złota i lokalizacjęmiejsc z największymi złożami złota na świecie. Przybliża największych producentów złota oraz czołowe kopalnie, w których poziomwydobycia stanowi prawie 12% globalnego wydobycia złota. Prezentuje możliwe kierunki wykorzystania złota, które znajdujezastosowanie głównie w branży jubilerskiej, w stomatologii oraz jako inwestycja. Dodatkowo przedstawiono społeczny i przyrodniczyaspekt wydobycia złota. Autorzy zwracają szczególną uwagę na nielegalne „kopalnie”, którym obce są działania fair trade i którychdziałalność degraduje ogromną skalę terenów lasów deszczowych.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Program Pendidikan Kesetaraan Paket C di Satuan Pendidikan Non Formal (SPNF) Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Kota Serang
Authors: Darmawan Dadan , Karlina Tria , Hanafi Syadeli
Published: February 2024

Pelaksanaanipembelajaranimerupakan aktifitasibelajar mengajar antara tutoridengan wargaibelajari. Salah satu jenis dari pendidikan non formal adalah Pendidikan kesetaraan yang terdiri dari program paket A setara dengan SD/MI, paket B setara SMP/MTS, dan paket C yang setara dengan SMA/MAiyang menekankan peserta didik dapat memperoleh pengetahuan, pengembanganisikapikepribadian profesionaliserta memiliki keterampilan fungsional yang dibutuhkan diimasa sekarang. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah a) untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan pembelajaran warga belajar paket C di SPNFiSKB KotaiSerang, b) Mengidentifikasiifaktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat pelaksanaanipembelajaraniwarga belajar paket C di SPNFiSKB KotaiSerang. Pada penelitaian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis pendekatan kualitatif yang dipilih sesuai dengan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Pengumpulanidata dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknikianalisisidata menggunakan pengumpulan data yaitu melalu tahap reduksiidatai, penyajiani dataI, danipenarikanikesimpulan. Hasilipenelitian dalamipenelitian ini adalah: (1) Prosesipelaksanaan pembelajaran warga belajar paket c di SPNFiSKB KotaiSerangterdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu a) tahap persiapan yang meliputi koordinasi seluruh elem yang ada di program paket C yaitu kepala SKB, tutor dan pengelola, b) tahap pelaksanaan pembelajaran meliputi pendidik, metode pembelajaran, fasilitas pembelajaranidan bahaniajaripembelajaran, c) tahapi evaluasiidilakukan dengan evaluasi hariani,evaluasi bulanan, evaluasi semester. (2) Dalamipelaksanaan pembelajaran wargaibelajar paketiC terdapat faktor pendukung yaitu tersedianya saranaidaniprasarana untuk mendukungipembelajaran, lingkunganipembelajaraniyangikondusif, warga ibelajar yangmemiliki umuriproduktif serta tutoriyang memiliki pengalaman; dalam’pembelajaran. Sedangkan factor penghambatnya yaitu dari kuragnya motivasi dari peserta didik untuk belajarldan tingkatikehadiran peserta1didik yangimasih rendah.