bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective Chapter: Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Al-Mamoori Farah , Aburjai Talal
Published: November 2022

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) impacts a significant group of individuals today as a result of changing lifestyles. Over the past decade, there has been a revival of interest in the study of medicinal plants as a source of potential herbal medicine. Herbal medicine could become a new phase in the medical system for human disease management within the next few decades. In fact, a number of studies strongly suggest using medicinal herbs as one of the anti-nephrolithiatic treatments. Different bioactive substances found in plants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, furanochromones, alkaloids, and terpenoids, may be useful in halting the development of stones. These natural resources do in fact contain bioactive compounds of many types, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which have recently been shown to have potent anti-nephrolithiatic properties. However, the outcomes of the experiments that have been conducted with these natural substances are still in the preclinical stages. Future research on clinical applications may therefore be a fruitful way to confirm the clinical utility of these medications.
Bathymetry Estimation from Satellite Altimeter-Derived Gravity Data
Authors: Vrdoljak Ljerka , Bašić Tomislav
Published: November 2022

Bathymetry underpins all marine and ocean research. It is common knowledge that there is a global deficit of high-resolution bathymetry based on modern acoustic techniques. Satellite altimetry enabled modeling of the global seafloor topography and revealed new morphological features in the unmapped areas of the oceans and seas. This chapter gives an overview of the physical problem and different approaches to estimating the bathymetry from satellite altimeter-derived gravity data. Characteristics of recent versions of frequently used global bathymetry models are presented. Moreover, this chapter demonstrates the possibility of regional bathymetry modeling by the gravity-geologic method in the Adriatic Sea.
Mechanisms of Hepatocarcinogenesis Development in an Acidic Microenvironment
Authors: Jin Cheng , Liu You-Yi , Wang Bo-Shi
Published: November 2022

Liver cancer represents one of the most common solid tumors globally. Despite curative improvements made in liver cancer therapy these years, the 5-year survival rate of liver cancer remains poor. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of liver cancer is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies. In recent years, it has been discovered that the acidic tumor microenvironment attributed to increased glycolysis, and hypoxia contributes to liver cancer progression through promoting cancer cell proliferation, metabolic adaptation, and migration and invasion. In this paper, research advances in the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis development under an acidic microenvironment are reviewed.
This is the Nut You Should Be Eating for Better Gut Health
Authors: Calabrese Giorgio , Myriam Calabrese Cinzia
Published: November 2022

The consumption of dried fruit is a dietary habit that is growing year by year. Nutrition specialists and others have carried out numerous studies confirming that the introduction of a controlled daily intake in the diet can bring benefits both in the prevention of major metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and in the well-being of the microbiome. The intake of dried fruit plays an important role in improving the quality and quantity of the microbial families of our intestine, leading to an increased production of short-chain fatty acids, which participate in numerous pathophysiological mechanisms and in the prevention of numerous diseases. The present review chapter compares numerous articles focusing on the characteristics and behavior of fibers and other main components of nuts.
Reactive Extrusion as an Environmentally Friendly Technology for the Production of Bio(Nano)Composites: Implementation and Characterization
Authors: Bolka Silvester , Nardin Blaž
Published: November 2022

The influences of reactive extrusion of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based bio(nano)composites on their properties are described. Reactive compatibilizers were used to enable good dispersion of natural (nano)fibers in the thermoplastic matrix consisting of PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and PLA/polycarbonate (PC) blends. At the same time, chain extenders were used for the modification of immiscible thermoplastics, PLA and PBAT, in order to achieve good miscibility of the PLA/PBAT blend. In the experimental part, the main obstacle of PLA, its brittleness, was improved in three different series of bio(nano)composites. Reactive extrusion with PLA/PBAT blends and the addition of hops as a chain extender and compatibilizer increased the elongation at break of the bio(nano)composite by more than 240% and the impact strength by 200% compared to neat PLA. Reactive extrusion of PLA/PBAT blends and addition of 1% nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with additives increased the elongation at break by more than 730% compared to pure PLA, and the sample did not break during the impact testing. Reactive extrusion with PLA/PC blends and the addition of 1 wt% NCC with additives increased the elongation at break by more than 90% and the impact strength by more than 160% compared to pure PLA.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreaks
Authors: F. Alhetheel Abdulkarim , A. Alhetheel Faisal
Published: November 2022

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a single-stranded RNA-enveloped virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Initially reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus originating from bats and transmitted from camels to humans and among humans by contact. It causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and in some instances can lead to renal failure or death. This chapter provides an overview of the virologic aspects, outbreaks and risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, as well as prevention and management of MERS-CoV infection.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
Authors: Pinnamaneni Rajasekhar , Potineni Kalidas
Published: November 2022

The edible oil of Elaeis guineensis Jacq., oil palm, is crucial in filling the demand gap and meet the growing need for edible oil worldwide. Although all precautions have been taken to minimize the introduction of pest populations along with seed sprouts from importing countries, some pests are still found to invade crops and cause production losses. Most of these populations have been found to come from other Arecaceae palms such as coconut, palmyrah and betel nut that may be commonly found around oil palm fields. It has been estimated that the above pests reduced oil palm yield by 20–30%, persisted for several years after attack, depending on cultivation methods, and returned to previous yield levels within a few years of attack. The minor pests of coconut, palmyrah, and maize, psychid and slug caterpillar were discovered to be very invasive on oil palm, resulting in output losses of up to 50%. The presence of favorable conditions such as low temperature and high humidity within oil palm plantations may possibly be the reason for migration. The production losses caused by these migratory pests affect the sustainability of the produce and thus agriculture, so it is important to apply the good management practices.
Determination of the Elastic Constants of a Metal-Laminated Composite Material Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Eraña-Díaz Marta , Acosta-Flores Mario
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain the elastic constants of the components of a metal laminated composite material (MLCM). The dataset for the training and validation of the ANN was obtained by applying an analytical model developed for the study of stresses in MLCM. The information used in the dataset corresponds to MLCM configurations and data generated with variants registered in the structural presentation of the inputs and outputs. The best configuration found for the generation of the ANN models yielded an average relative error of less than 4% in relation to the results of the constants evaluated and published in a previous article. As shown in this research, it is important to have a clear definition of the problem as well as an effective selection and preparation of the characteristics of the training data during the constitutive modeling of composite materials and the correct application of the ANN.
Large Scale Simulations for Dust Acoustic Waves in Weakly Coupled Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Shahzad Aamir , Ahmed Zamar , Kashif Muhammad , Sohail Amjad , Manzoor Alina , Hanif Fazeelat , Waris Rabia , Ahmed Sirag
Published: November 2022

Dust acoustic wave of three-dimensional (3D) dusty plasmas (DPs) has been computed using equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations for plasma parameters of Coulomb coupling strength (Γ) and Debye screening (κ). New simulations of wave properties such as longitudinal current correlation (LCC) CL(k, t) function have been investigated for 3D weakly DPs (WCDPs), for the first time. EMD results, CL (k, t) have been simulated for four normalized wave numbers (k = 0, 1, 2, and 3). Our simulations illustrate that the frequency and amplitude of oscillation vary with increasing of Γ and κ. Moreover, present simulations of CL (k, t) illustrate that the varying behavior has been observed for changing (Γ, κ) and system sizes (N). Current investigation illustrates that amplitude of wave oscillation increases with a decrease in Γ and N. However, there are slightly change in the value of CL (k, t) and its fluctuation increases with an increasing k. The obtained outcomes have found to be more acceptable than those that of previous numerical, theoretical, and experimental data. EMD simulation has been performed with an increasing sequence for WCDPs and it serves to benchmark improved approach for future energy generation applications.
Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peel Wastes as an Ingredient for Edible Films Containing Kabog Millet Flour
Authors: Rentsch Nils , Nyström Laura , Oñate Narciso Joan
Published: November 2022

Fossil-based plastic is a popular material for food packaging. It can cause negative environmental consequences due to its low biodegradability. To address this challenge, a pectin-based edible plastic with added nutritional value by incorporating whole-grain kabog millet flour was prepared. The pectin in the films was extracted by microwave-assisted and enzymatic procedures from orange peel wastes. The extracted pectin was tested for its degree of esterification using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, its molecular weight and behavior in aqueous solutions using size-exclusion chromatography, and its monosaccharide composition using ion-exchange chromatography. Biodegradable and edible pectin films were produced and tested for their mechanical properties: maximum strain, maximum stress, and water contact angle. The results showed a significant increase in hydrophobicity of the film surface by adding whole-grain kabog millet flour. The maximum strain of the film, however, was reduced to around 80% upon the addition of the whole-grain kabog millet flour. Enzymatically-extracted pectin increased the film hydrophobicity. Hydrophobic surfaces have higher water resistance; thus, the enzymatically-extracted pectin can be developed for further applications. Due to the low elasticity of the films, a possible application would be as direct coating of fruits and vegetables incorporating antioxidants or antimicrobials.
Perspective Chapter: Drug-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions, Diagnostics and Management
Authors: Rajaram Maurya Miteshkumar , Munshi Renuka , Bhausaheb Zambare Sachin , Thakur Sanket
Published: November 2022

Severe cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) are rare drug hypersensitivity reactions but can be life-threatening if not appropriately and timely managed. Many research studies have shed light on its pathomechanism and triggers that have helped us better understand SCAR. The presence of viral fever and genetics such as HLA genotype with certain drugs have been associated with the occurrence of SCAR. However, the basis of interaction of these causative agents needs further evaluation to understand the predisposition to the reaction occurrence. The different spectrum of SCAR needs to be clinically diagnosed appropriately which includes Drug Reactions with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), Steven Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN), Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP), and generalized bullous fixed drug eruptions (GBFDE). However, due to the rare occurrence of this reaction, there is not sufficient evidence for the best treatment for patients suffering from SCAR. Our review provides detailed information about the disease type, manifestation, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and current treatment aspects of SCAR.
Impact of Poverty on Health
Authors: Alqassim Ahmad , El-Setouhy Maged
Published: November 2022

Poverty is not merely the absence of money but the absence of resources to get the necessities of life. Poverty and health are always in a reciprocal relationship. This relation came to light in 1948 when the WHO defined health as complete physical, mental and social well-being. In 1987, the Alma Ata Declaration opened the discussion on health inequity. This opened the door for thousands of projects, proposals, and publications on this relation. Although the relationship between poverty and infectious diseases was clear, there was inequity in funding. The Global Fund invests US$ 4 billion annually for AIDS, tuberculosis, and Malaria, while other diseases lack funds. That is why they were considered neglected tropical diseases. However, the relationship between health and poverty is not limited to infectious diseases but includes noninfectious problems like malnutrition and injuries. In this chapter, we will assess the association between poverty as a predictor and health as an outcome.
Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Earthquake Hazards in Dhaka South City, Bangladesh Using a Modified PAR Model
Authors: Mahbubur Rahman Mohammad , Harun-Or-Rashid Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The study aims at investigating the root causes, dynamic pressures, and unsafe conditions to the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards among the people residing in the 22nd ward of Hazaribagh Thana of Dhaka South City (DSC) in Bangladesh. Following a purposive sampling procedure, the study selected the 22nd Ward of Dhaka South city. As part of qualitative methods, a total of 20 Key Informants Interviews (KII) were carried out and six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. By adopting a modified Pressure and Release (PAR) model, the study revealed that the low-income status of the family, lack of proper health services, single-headed family, gender, differently able person, and the interpersonal good relation members, the availability of urban emergency center has found root causes for the progression of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. Lack of appropriate skills, unplanned residences, and industry contribute to the production of dynamic pressures of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards. The unsafe conditions involve poor housing materials, dangerous locations for residents, and a lack of first aid documents associated with the production of the vulnerability of earthquake hazards.
Titanium-Based Alloys with High-Performance: Design and Development
Authors: Krishna Ram
Published: November 2022

In recent years, titanium alloys with better properties have become increasingly popular. Their composition must be precisely designed to meet these demands. Screening alloy properties such as corrosion resistance, specific strength, properties to service at high temperatures, and microstructural stability requires a fair amount of effort and money to accomplish. By taking titanium-based alloys as an example, this chapter reviews the use of high-performance alloy design and development approach for industrial applications, in order to simplify the selection of titanium alloy compositions. The different high-throughput alloy design methods have been used by researchers to calculate diffusion coefficients of multiple elements using a thermodynamic database of atomic mobility. A composition with comprehensively optimal properties is selected by applying a rigorous screening criterion and then evaluating it in an experimental setting in order to come up with an optimal composition. Comparing this strategy with the data-driven material design methods that have been developed in recent times, few methods are more accurate and efficient, mainly because the diffusion pairs, the atomic mobility databases, and the refined physical models work together to make this strategy the most accurate and efficient. This approach could help develop high-performance titanium alloys, to overcome challenges of developing titanium alloys.
Sensitivity Analysis and Modeling for DEM Errors
Authors: El-Diasty Mohammed , Abdalla Rifaat
Published: November 2022

The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be created using airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), Image or Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) mapping techniques. The direct georeferencing of the DEM model is conducted using a GPS/inertial navigation system. The airborne mapping system datasets are processed to create a DEM model. To develop an accurate DEM model, all errors should be considered in the processing step. In this research, the errors associated with DEM models are investigated and modeled using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the least squares method. The sensitivity analysis of the DEM errors is investigated using PCA to define the significant GPS/inertial navigation data components that are strongly correlated with DEM errors. Then, the least squares method is employed to create a functional relationship between the DEM errors and the significant GPS/inertial navigation data components. The DEM model errors associated with airborne mapping system datasets are investigated in this research. The results show that the combined PCA analysis and least squares method can be used as a powerful tool to compensate the DEM error due to the GPS/inertial navigation data with about 27% in average for DEM errors produced by the direct georeferenced airborne mapping system.
Sustainable Energy Efficient Industrial Facility Design
Authors: Farooq Zeeshan , Al-Qahtani Ali
Published: November 2022

Industrial facilities are rapidly changing over the years, various technological advances have led to break-through its performance. The transformation is fetched from inventions, development of sophisticated processes/technologies, digitalization, the list is incessantly growing. These technical progressions and stratagems to realize it on the life-cycle basis forces the industries to explore sustainability concepts within the scope. Also, the mission to chop back GHG emissions to protect environment is needed than ever before. Consequently, the revolution and evolution of products, processes, technologies, resources, and sustainability requirement to mitigate climatic anomaly beams on the industrial sector and ordained it to cater an approach toward optimizing all efforts. The challenge is to develop a method by accommodating all the technological advances and sustainability requirements to transform facilities into a much better performing asset. The answer is to construct and preserve industrial facilities to be energy efficient which enable them to be competitive and environmentally friendly. The chapter illustrates, through case study, the ‘plant lifetime retrofit-ability concept in industrial facilities. Its objective is to develop the most energy efficient facility design via arranging each future modification to remain energy efficient throughout its lifecycle without deterrents and utilizing minimum capital. Finally, a way is proposed to develop inherently sustainable energy efficient design in order to cater the benefits throughout the industrial facility life-cycle.
eELP: El Portfolio Electrónico Europeo du las Lenguas - una herramienta para la didáctica y la evaluación
Authors: Mighetto David , Söhrman Ingmar
Published: November 2022

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Les constructions relatives dans le passage du français à l'anglais
Authors: Guillemin-Flescher Jacqueline
Published: November 2022

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Gustavus Vasa in a Gothic Mirror: Anna Maria Mackenzie's Swedish Mysteries
Authors: Nordius Janina
Published: November 2022

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Francophonie : réminiscence coloniale ou pouvoir politique ?
Authors: Vajta Katharina
Published: November 2022

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El desencanto de Jacinta Escudos: ¿otro ejemplo de literatura femenina?
Authors: García Oscar
Published: November 2022

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ΙΗΣΩΝ ΥΠΟΤΡΟΠΟΣ (Apoll. Rhod., IV 1161 ss.)
Authors: Belloni Luigi
Published: November 2022

The Drepane episode focuses on the marriage between Medea and Jason and, as known, it introduces several allusions to their dramatic future in Corinth. Jason ὑπότροπος recalls different topics versus Odysseus; his return to Jolcus is conceived from the poeta doctus as a component of ἀμηχανίη which involves the Argonautic romance. At the opposite of Arete and Alcinoous and of Penelope and Odysseus as well, Medea and Jason are unable to establish a peaceful, ideal οἶκος after the golden fleece conquest.

El episodio de Drepane se centra en el matrimonio entre Medea y Jasón y, como es sabido, presenta varias alusiones a su futuro dramático en Corinto. Jasón ὑπότροπος trae a la memoria distintos tópicos respecto a Odiseo; su regreso a Yolco es concebido de parte del poeta doctus como un componente de la ἀμηχανίη difusa en el poema de los Argonautas. Al contrario de Arete y Alcínoo, por un lado, y de Penélope y Odiseo, por el otro, Medea y Jasón son incapaces de establecer un οἶκος pacífico e ideal tras la conquista del vellocino de oro.

El episodio de Drepane se centra en el matrimonio entre Medea y Jasón y, como es sabido, presenta varias alusiones a su futuro dramático en Corinto. Jasón ὑπότροπος trae a la memoria distintos tópicos respecto a Odiseo; su regreso a Yolco es concebido de parte del poeta doctus como un componente de la ἀμηχανίη difusa en el poema de los Argonautas. Al contrario de Arete y Alcínoo, por un lado, y de Penélope y Odiseo, por el otro, Medea y Jasón son incapaces de establecer un οἶκος pacífico e ideal tras la conquista del vellocino de oro.
A fontosabb élelmiszeripari termékek költség és jövedelemadatai 2014–2015
Authors: Dancs Gyuláné , Szili Viktor
Published: November 2022

A kiadvány tájékoztatást nyújt a legfontosabb élelmiszeripari termékek költség- és jövedelemalakulásáról, illetve az előző évi adatok tükrében azok változásáról. Egyrészt rövid összefoglalást tartalmaz az élelmiszer-termékcsoportokat érintő főbb tényezőkről, másrészt táblázatosan bemutatja az élelmiszeripari termékek adatait. A kiválasztott húsipari termékeknél az adatok alapján – nagyrészt – csökkentek a költségek 2015-ben. Általánosságban és szinte minden termékre igaz, hogy az értékesítési árak követték a költségek alakulását. Számos húsipari terméknél a költségek erélyesebben csökkentek, mint az árak 2015-ben, így az eredmény romlott. A baromfiipar, a tejipar, a malom- és sütőipar, valamint a tésztagyártás termékei esetén is – változó mértékű – alapanyagköltség-csökkenés figyelhető meg, és a teljes költség is kevesebb lett az előző időszakhoz képest. A malomiparban 2015-re már valamennyi vizsgált termék nyereséges volt. A sütőiparban volt a legenyhébb mértékű ár- és költségváltozás, a termékek jövedelemadatai pedig még mindig elég változatosak.
Az agrár-kockázatkezelési rendszer működésének értékelése 2018
Authors: Péter Krisztina , Gerencsér Ilona , Zubor-Nemes Anna , Kóti Adrienn , Kovač Anna Rebeka , Lőrincz Katalin
Published: November 2022

Jelen kiadványunk a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer működését és eredményeit mutatja be a 2018-as évre vonatkozóan. A kárenyhítő juttatás igénylésében fontos változást jelent 2017-től, hogy a 15 százalékot meghaladó hozamérték-csökkenésnek, ami az igénylés feltétele, már nem üzemi szinten, hanem a termesztett növénykultúra esetében kell teljesülnie. A módosítás célja, hogy a termelők mind szélesebb köre részesülhessen kifizetésben. Átlagosnak nem mondható időjárási viszonyok mellett gazdálkodhattak a mezőgazdasági termelők 2018-ban. A legjelentősebb károkat az aszály, a belvíz, a jégeső, vihar és a téli fagy okozták. A károk zöme az ültetvénykultúrákat és a szántóföldi növénykultúrákat érintette. Az I. pillérben a termelők száma 1,8 százalékkal csökkent az előző évihez képest. A kárenyhítési rendszer által lefedett területek nagysága mindhárom ágazatban csökkent az előző évhez képest. A II. pillérben a díjtámogatott biztosítási díjat befizető gazdaságok száma és a befizetett díjak is tovább emelkedtek a 2017. évhez képest a tárgyévben. Összességében megállapítható, hogy a díjtámogatott biztosítások iránti kereslet tovább növekedett 2018- ban. Mivel a támogatási igény ismét meghaladta a rendelkezésre álló forrásokat, ezért az elmúlt négy évhez hasonlóan a 2018. évi biztosítási díjtámogatás esetén is visszaosztás vált szükségessé.
COVID-19 Pandemic and the Performance of Listed Securities: Evidence from the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
Authors: Koskei Loice , Ooko Joab , Chumba Rhoda
Published: November 2022

The Novel Covid-19 disease led to panic that resulted to volatility of stock prices across the securities exchange in the world. This saw foreign investors liquidating their positions for fear of a market crash in Nairobi Securities exchange (NSE). The specific objective of this research was to find out whether Covid-19 pandemic had an effect on the performance of listed securities at the NSE in Kenya. Daily data for 5 months, 154 days since the period 13th March 2020 to 14 August 2020 was utilized. The study applied linear regression analysis model to find out the effect of Covid-19 daily cases on the performance of listed securities at the NSE in Kenya. The study findings revealed that Covid-19 daily cases and weather changes had a negative and statistically significant effect on the performance of listed securities at the NSE. The results inferred that Covid-19 daily cases affected the performance of listed stocks at the NSE since the announcement of the first Coronavirus cases in Kenya. The findings from this study are useful for policy implications as it provides guidance to policy makers to institute applicable policy reactions in line with the course of current coronavirus pandemic or during future pandemics of similar nature.
Comparative Study of Modernization of Public Management and Maintenance Program of Higher Education Institutes in a Region of Peru
Authors: Chávez-Chiguala Diana Milagros
Published: November 2022

The objective of research was to determine the relationship between   public management modernization and the maintenance program of higher education institutes in the La Libertad region, 2022. A basic research, quantitative approach, non-experimental design, causal comparative level, with a sample of 71 directors for public Higher Education institutes and 65 directors for private institutes. Results showed there is a significant (p<0,05) and positive (rho=0.757**) relationship between modernization of public management and maintenance program of Instiutes. In conclusion, difference between two case studies is evident, since private case one has a better opportunity and comfort throughout process.
The Use of the Biostimulant Uchkun in the Cultivation of Pumpkin Variety Spanish 73
Authors: Kudratovna Khidirova Nazira , Mirzakhamitovna Kosimova Shoira
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the results of studies obtained with the use of biostimulants on the growth and development of the Spanish 73 pumpkin variety in order to increase productivity and disease resistance, as well as a positive effect on the biochemical parameters of the plant.
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)
Authors: Dela G. J. , Patil Harshal E. , Patel U. N. , Zala R. G. , Ray Purnima
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted to evaluate Genotype × Environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield, its components in 50 little millet genotypes under three environments i.e. Waghai, Vanarasi and Navsari locations (Gujarat, India) in year Kharif-2020. Stability analysis revealed that G x E interaction was significantly differed for all the characters except calcium content (mg/100g) and ash content (mg/100g) indicated that different genotypes reacted differently to different environmental conditions. Estimates of environmental indices indicated that Waghai location was favourable for most of the yield contributing characters along with quality parameters followed by Navsari and Vanarasi. The results of present study revealed that none of the genotypes exhibited average stability for all the characters. Among the genotypes, WV 262, WV 258, WV 256, WV 293 and WV 273 were found average stable over environments for grain yield per plant with one or more yield contributing characters and quality parameters. So, these genotypes may be used in further breeding programme in little millet.
Ominous T-Wave Changes in an Older Adult With Chest Pain
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Jia Ziheng , Liu Tong
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 60s who presented to the emergency department with acute, severe precordial chest pain radiating to their left arm at night, accompanied by dyspnea, dizziness, and sweating.
Organ Donation and Transplants During Major US Motorcycle Rallies
Authors: Cron David C. , Worsham Christopher M. , Adler Joel T. , Bray Charles F. , Jena Anupam B.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Large-scale motorcycle rallies attract thousands of attendees and are associated with increased trauma-related morbidity and mortality.

Objective

To examine the association of major US motorcycle rallies with the incidence of organ donation and transplants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients for deceased organ donors aged 16 years or older involved in a motor vehicle crash and recipients of organs from these donors from March 2005 to September 2021.

Exposure

Dates of 7 large US motorcycle rallies and regions near these events.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were incidence of motor vehicle crash–related organ donation and number of patients receiving a solid organ transplant from these donors. An event study design was used to estimate adjusted rates of organ donation during the dates of 7 major US motorcycle rallies compared with the 4 weeks before and after the rallies in rally-affected and rally-unaffected (control) regions. Donor and recipient characteristics and metrics of organ quality were compared between rally and nonrally dates.

Results

The study included 10 798 organ donors (70.9% male; mean [SD] age, 32.5 [13.7] years) and 35 329 recipients of these organs (64.0% male; 49.3 [15.5] years). During the rally dates, there were 406 organ donors and 1400 transplant recipients. During the 4 weeks before and after the rallies, there were 2332 organ donors and 7714 transplant recipients. Donors and recipients during rally and nonrally dates were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics, measures of organ quality, measures of recipient disease severity, and recipient waiting time. During rallies, there were 21% more organ donors per day (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.35; P = .001) and 26% more transplant recipients per day (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.12-1.42; P < .001) compared with the 4 weeks before and after the rallies in the regions where they were held.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, major motorcycle rallies in the US were associated with increased incidence of organ donation and transplants. While safety measures to minimize morbidity and mortality during motorcycle rallies should be prioritized, this study showed the downstream association of these events with organ donation and transplants.
Effects of a Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention Plus Supervised Exercise Training on Abdominal Fat Depots in Children With Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Cabeza Rafael , Idoate Fernando , Osés Maddi , Medrano María , Villanueva Arantxa , Arenaza Lide , Sanz Aritz , Ortega Francisco B. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Labayen Idoia
Published: November 2022

Importance

Excess abdominal fat is a major determinant in the development of insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) seems to precede the development of insulin resistance and is therefore a prime target of childhood lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing diabetes.

Objectives

To examine the effect of added exercise to a family-based lifestyle intervention program designed to reduce VAT plus subcutaneous (ASAT), intermuscular (IMAAT), and pancreatic (PAT) adipose tissue in children with overweight or obesity and to explore the effect of changes in VAT on insulin resistance.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This 2-group, parallel-design clinical trial was conducted in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. A total of 116 children with overweight or obesity participated and were assigned to a 22-week family-based lifestyle program (control group [n = 57]) or the same program plus an exercise intervention (exercise group [n = 59]). Data were collected between September 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017, and imaging processing for fat depot assessments and data analysis were performed between May 1, 2019, and February 12, 2021.

Interventions

The compared interventions consisted of a family-based lifestyle and psychoeducation program (two 90-minute sessions per month) and the same program plus supervised exercise (three 90-minute sessions per week).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome of this study was the change in VAT between baseline and 22 weeks as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. The secondary outcomes were changes in ASAT, IMAAT, and PAT. The effect of changes in VAT area on insulin resistance was also recorded.

Results

The 116 participants included in the analysis (62 girls [53.4%]) had a mean (SD) age of 10.6 (1.1) years, and 67 (57.8%) presented with obesity. Significantly greater reductions were recorded for the exercise group in terms of reduction in VAT (−18.1% vs −8.5% for the control group; P = .004), ASAT (−9.9% vs −3.0%; P = .001), and IMAAT (−6.0% vs −2.6%; P = .02) fat fractions compared with the control group. Changes in VAT explained 87.6% of the improvement seen in insulin resistance (β = −0.102 [95% CI, −0.230 to −0.002]).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that the addition of exercise to a lifestyle intervention program substantially enhanced the positive effects on abdominal fat depots in children with overweight or obesity. In addition, the reduction in VAT seemed to largely mediate the improvement of insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of including exercise as part of lifestyle therapies aimed at treating childhood obesity and preventing the development of type 2 diabetes.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02258126
Risk of Endometrial Polyps, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma, and Uterine Cancer After Tamoxifen Treatment in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Ryu Ki-Jin , Kim Min Sun , Lee Ji Yoon , Nam Seunghyun , Jeong Hye Gyeong , Kim Tak , Park Hyuntae
Published: November 2022

Importance

The association of tamoxifen use with the risk of uterine diseases, such as endometrial cancer, in premenopausal women with breast cancer remains controversial. However, many studies have reported an increased risk of uterine disease among postmenopausal tamoxifen users.

Objective

To investigate the association of tamoxifen use with the risk of endometrial cancer and other uterine diseases in premenopausal women with breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A nationwide, population-based, retrospective longitudinal cohort study with an 18-year study period was conducted using data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Participants included premenopausal women aged 20 to 50 years with breast cancer diagnoses between January 2003 and December 2018. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021.

Exposures

Tamoxifen treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The incidence of uterine diseases, including endometrial cancer, hyperplasia, polyps, and other uterine cancers, was identified in the study cohort using insurance claim codes. The incidence of uterine diseases per 1000 person-years was compared between women receiving tamoxifen and those not treated with adjuvant hormone therapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of each uterine disease.

Results

Among 78 320 female participants with a mean (SD) age of 42.1 (6.1) years, 34 637 (44.2%) were categorized into the tamoxifen group and 43 683 (55.8%) were categorized into the control group. Among tamoxifen users, during the mean (SD) follow-up duration of 6.13 (4.15) years, the incidence of newly diagnosed endometrial polyps was 20.13 cases per 1000 person-years, that of endometrial hyperplasia was 13.49 cases per 1000 person-years, that of endometrial cancer was 2.01 cases per 1000 person-years, and that of other uterine cancers was 0.45 cases per 1000 person-years. The risk of endometrial cancer was higher in the tamoxifen group than in the control group (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% CI, 3.04-4.66) after adjusting for age, body mass index, history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment, and trastuzumab treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this longitudinal cohort study, premenopausal Korean women with breast cancer who received tamoxifen as adjuvant hormone therapy had a significantly increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, carcinoma, and other uterine cancers compared with those who were not treated with adjuvant hormone therapy. These findings suggest that clinicians should consider the risk of uterine disease among tamoxifen users, including premenopausal women.
An Inorganic‐Dominate Molecular Diluent Enables Safe Localized High Concentration Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Liu Yan , Chen Zerui , Ma Qiang , Hong Youran , Wang Jianghao , Xu Yifei , Zhao Wei , Hu Zhikun , Hong Xiang , Wang Jiangwei , Fan Xiulin , Wu Hao Bin
Published: November 2022

The development of high‐voltage Lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is hindered by suitable electrolytes that are simultaneously compatible with both high‐voltage cathodes and Li anodes. Herein, a novel localized high‐concentration electrolyte with ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a nonflammable diluent is developed. The inorganic‐dominate diluent improves the safety of the organic electrolyte, and helps to construct robust passivation interphases on both electrodes. Specifically, PFPN accelerates the complete reduction of anions, leading to a stable anion‐derived interphase layer on Li anode. Meanwhile, PFPN and anions co‐participate in the formation of cathode‐electrolyte interphase, suppressing side reactions and the structural damage of high‐voltage Ni‐rich cathodes. As a result, PFPN‐based electrolyte prolongs the cycling life of LMBs based on high‐voltage LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2 (NCM622) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 (NCM811) cathodes. Specially, 25‐µm‐thick Li paired with NCM622 with a N/P ratio of 1.3 (4.4 V) exhibits excellent capacity retention of above 90% after 200 cycles. This study highlights the important role of diluent in tailoring electrode/electrolyte interphases and provides a new strategy for designing high‐safety electrolytes toward high‐voltage LMBs.
Lithiation‐Induced Defect Engineering to Promote Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Jingjie , Zheng Mengting , Li Jiantao , Yuan Yifei , Li Chenghang , Zhang Shanqing , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun
Published: November 2022

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent need to advance the development of sustainable energy conversion. Though defect engineering is considered an effective strategy to regulate catalyst activity for enhanced OER performance, the controllable synthesis of defective oxides electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here, oxygen defects are introduced into NiCo2O4 nanorods by an electrochemical lithiation strategy. By tuning in situ lithiation potentials, the concentration of oxygen defects and the corresponding catalytic activity can be feasibly regulated. In addition, the relationship between the changes in the defect density and electronic structure and the lithiation cut‐off voltages is revealed. The results show that NiCo2O4 nanorods undertook intercalation and two‐step conversion reaction, in which the lithiation‐induced conversion reaction gives rise to a CoO@NiO‐based structure with higher defect density and lower oxidation states. As a result, the defective CoO@NiO‐based catalyst exhibits exceptional OER activity with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is about 74 mV below the pristine nanomaterials. This research proposes a novel strategy to explore high‐performance catalysts with structural stability and defect control.
Engineering Polarization in the Ferroelectric Electrocatalysts to Boost Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Du Yumeng , Ge Liangbing , Hao Chongyan , Bai Ying , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: November 2022

Water splitting is the most important process for making green hydrogen. The positive effects of ferroelectric polarization in various kinds of water splitting are well recognized, but the study of electrocatalytic water splitting is still in its infancy. Herein, a family of intrinsic ferroelectrics with a flexible tetragonal tungsten bronze structure is chosen to accommodate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active sites together with its freedom for tuning the ferroelectric polarization. It is found that the OER performance is positively correlated with the ferroelectric polarization, with a significant reduction in the overpotential of ≈40 mV at 10 mA cm−2, coming from two trade‐off effects, i.e., enhancement of the surface adsorption and band tilting for fast electron transfer. This study not only fills the gap between electrocatalytic water splitting and the band structure but also proposes ferroelectric polarization as a powerful tool to enhance water splitting for clean hydrogen in several ways.
Enhanced Cycle Stability of Low‐Cost Na‐Rich Metallic NaCl Electrode for Advanced Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Moeez Iqra , Susanto Dieky , Park Jae‐Ho , Kim Ji‐Young , Lim Hee‐Dae , Chung Kyung Yoon
Published: November 2022

Sodium‐rich metallic Nax+z has received significant attention as a low‐cost alternative to the conventional electrode materials used in Li‐ion batteries. However, the poor cyclability of NaxCl remains a major challenge to its practical application. Here, a simple method is developed for improving the electrochemical performance of NaxCl by controlling the upper limit of cut‐off voltage. It is demonstrated that additional Na‐vacancy defects can be introduced in the NaCl structure during the high‐voltage activation process at 4.5 V. The structure then accommodates more sodium ions during the next discharge, resulting in increased capacity. At the same time, Cl‐ions released by NaCl decomposition are oxidized to form Cl‐based organic species at the active material interfaces. This plays a crucial role in protecting the NaCl electrode from undesired side reactions at high voltage. In short, this control of the charging protocol helps to induce more vacancies in the NaCl structure, as well as form stable interphases on the electrode surface, contributing to the increased capacity and enhanced cycle stability. This study will help in exploring a new approach for developing low‐cost and high‐capacity electrode material, which can potentially be applied in future energy‐storage systems.
Engineering Transition Metal Layers for Long Lasting Anionic Redox in Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide
Authors: Voronina Natalia , Yu Jun Ho , Kim Hee Jae , Yaqoob Najma , Guillon Olivier , Kim Hyungsub , Jung Min‐Gi , Jung Hun‐Gi , Yazawa Koji , Yashiro Hitoshi , Kaghazchi Payam , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: November 2022

Oxygen‐redox‐based‐layered cathode materials are of great importance in realizing high‐energy‐density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that can satisfy the demands of next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, Mn‐based‐layered materials (P2‐type Na‐poor Nay[AxMn1−x]O2, where A = alkali ions) still suffer from poor reversibility during oxygen‐redox reactions and low conductivity. In this work, the dual Li and Co replacement is investigated in P2‐type‐layered NaxMnO2. Experimentally and theoretically, it is demonstrated that the efficacy of the dual Li and Co replacement in Na0.6[Li0.15Co0.15Mn0.7]O2 is that it improves the structural and cycling stability despite the reversible Li migration from the transition metal layer during de‐/sodiation. Operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ neutron diffraction analysis prove that the material maintains a P2‐type structure during the entire range of Na+ extraction and insertion with a small volume change of ≈4.3%. In Na0.6[Li0.15Co0.15Mn0.7]O2, the reversible electrochemical activity of Co3+/Co4+, Mn3+/Mn4+, and O2‐/(O2)n‐ redox is identified as a reliable mechanism for the remarkable stable electrochemical performance. From a broader perspective, this study highlights a possible design roadmap for developing cathode materials with optimized cationic and anionic activities and excellent structural stabilities for SIBs.
Light‐Mediated Multi‐Level Flexible Copper Iodide Resistive Random Access Memory for Forming‐Free, Ultra‐Low Power Data Storage Application
Authors: Mishra Dhananjay , Mokurala Krishnaiah , Kumar Ajit , Seo Seung Gi , Jo Hyeon Bin , Jin Sung Hun
Published: November 2022

This study demonstrates the efficacy of an emerging p‐type copper iodide (CuI) semiconductor in a flexible, low‐voltage resistive random‐access memory (RRAM), which can be readily integrated with metal‐oxide n‐type counterparts for complementary circuit systems. Herein, CuI RRAM devices are implemented via a room‐temperature solid iodination process, exhibiting a consistent On/Off ratio (≈104), excellent endurance of more than ≈103 cycles, together with a long retention period (> 5 × 104 s). Furthermore, a scheme of light‐mediated multi‐level data storage is demonstrated using blue light illumination (λ = 455 nm), to exploit possible photonic memristive functionality through notable photo‐response of CuI. In addition, the current conduction and resistive switching behaviors are systematically studied via low‐temperature measurements from 203 to 343 K, validating thermal stability and the governing key switching mechanism in CuI RRAM devices. The longstanding problem with CuI device longevity is effectively addressed via PMMA encapsulation, resulting in a 15‐fold improvement in the lifespan of devices even in air, as compared with non‐passivated devices. These findings suggest that flexible optoelectronic systems, combined with reliable, ultra‐low power CuI RRAM devices with photo memristive functionality, can leverage the enhancement of multifunctional selectors required in process‐in‐memories and the synaptic elements of neuromorphic applications.