bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vacuum Thermoforming of Optically Switchable Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Spherical Actuators
Authors: Yue Lansong , Ambergen Erik P. J. , Lugger Sean J. D. , Peeketi Akhil Reddy , Annabattula Ratna Kumar , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Michael G.
Published: April 2024

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuators are generally limited in shape, size, and quantity by the need for aligning via stretching and fixing via photopolymerizing. A thermoplastic LCE is presented that may be vacuum thermoformed into centimeter‐sized hemispheres. The scalable industrial process induces LCE alignment without requiring postfixing. The hemispheres display remarkable properties, actuating with strains around 20% and transitioning from opaque and scattering to highly translucent upon heating: both the physical and optical effects are fully reversible. Simulations reveal the LCE experiences biaxial strains during processing, the magnitude varying as a function of location on the hemisphere: the resulting alignment describing the hemisphere actuation well. The thermoplastic LCE hemispheres may be combined to form complete spheres by simply heating the joint. The hemisphere can also be physically deformed into a ball which can then unfold back into the hemisphere again. By doping the hemispheres with photoswitches, fluorescent or photothermal dyes, devices are formed for light collection and redistribution, addressable water containers that may pour at will, and light‐responsive surfing devices. This is the first example of an LCE amenable to high‐volume industrial vacuum thermoforming which may lead to intricate 3D‐shaped actuators with new functional properties.
Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Underwater Applications
Authors: Wang Yafei , Cui Yong , Wang Jianqiu , Xiao Yang , Chen Zhihao , Wang Wenxuan , Yu Yue , Yang Shiwei , Yu Runnan , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: April 2024

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology holds tremendous promise as a sustainable power source for underwater off‐grid systems. However, research on underwater OPV cells is relatively scarce. Here, this gap is addressed by focusing on the exploration and development of OPV cells specifically designed for underwater applications. An acceptor, named ITO‐4Cl, with excellent water resistance, is rationally designed and synthesized. Benefiting from its low energetic disorder and an absorption spectrum well‐suited to the underwater environment, the ITO‐4Cl‐based OPV cell achieves an unprecedented power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25.6% at a water depth of 1 m. Additionally, under 660 nm laser irradiation, the cell demonstrates a notable PCE of 31.6%, indicating its potential for underwater wireless energy transfer. Due to the mitigation of thermal effects from solar irradiation, the lifetime of the ITO‐4Cl‐based OPV cell exceeds 7000 h. Additionally, a flexible OPV cell is fabricated that maintains its initial PCE even under exposure to high pressures of 5 MPa. A 32.5 cm2 flexible module achieves an excellent PCE of 17%. This work fosters a deeper understanding of underwater OPV cells and highlights the promising prospects of OPV cells for underwater applications.
Immunogenic Material Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy by Structure‐Dependent Immune Cell Trafficking and Modulation
Authors: Yang Wei , Cao Jianwei , Di Sichen , Chen Wenjin , Cheng Hui , Ren Hongze , Xie Yujie , Chen Liang , Yu Meihua , Chen Yu , Cui Xingang
Published: April 2024

Inherently immunogenic materials offer enormous prospects in enhancing vaccine efficacy. However, the understanding and improving material adjuvanticity remain elusive. Herein how the structural presentation of immunopotentiators in a material governs the dynamic dialogue between innate and adaptive immunity for enhanced cancer vaccination is reported. The immunopotentiator manganese into six differing structures that resemble the architectures of two types of pathogens (spherical viruses or rod‐like bacteria) is precisely manipulated. The results reveal that innate immune cells accurately sense and respond to the architectures, of which two outperformed material candidates (151 nm hollow spheres and hollow microrods with an aspect ratio of 4.5) show higher competence in creating local proinflammatory environment with promoted innate immune cell influx and stimulation on dendritic cells (DCs). In combination with viral peptides, model proteins, or cell lysate antigens, the outperformed microrod material remarkably primes antigen‐specific CD8 cytolytic T cells. In prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, the microrod adjuvanted vaccines display optimal aptitude in tumor suppression in four aggressive murine tumor models, by promoting the infiltration of heterogeneous cytolytic effector cells while decreasing suppressive immunoregulatory populations in tumors. This study demonstrates that a rationally selected architecture of immunogenic materials potentially advances the clinical reality of cancer vaccination.
Influence of Li Content on the Topological Inhibition of Oxygen Loss in Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Chen Zhefeng , Zhang Wentao , Liu Jiajie , Zhang Mingzheng , Li Shunning , Pan Feng
Published: April 2024

Lithium‐rich layer oxide cathodes are promising energy storage materials due to their high energy densities. However, the oxygen loss during cycling limits their practical applications. Here, the essential role of Li content on the topological inhibition of oxygen loss in lithium‐rich cathode materials and the relationship between the migration network of oxygen ions and the transition metal (TM) component are revealed. Utilizing first‐principles calculations in combination with percolation theory and Monte Carlo simulations, it is found that TM ions can effectively encage the oxidized oxygen species when the TM concentration in TM layer exceeds 5/6, which hinders the formation of a percolating oxygen migration network. This study demonstrates the significance of rational compositional design in lithium‐rich cathodes for effectively suppressing irreversible oxygen release and enhancing cathode cycling performance.
Integrated Microwave Photonic Sensors Based on Microresonators
Authors: Tian Xiaoyi , Li Liwei , Nguyen Linh , Yi Xiaoke
Published: April 2024

Sensors stand as pivotal cornerstones of technology, driving progress across a spectrum of industries through their ability to precisely capture and interpret an extensive array of physical phenomena. Among these advancements, microwave photonic (MWP) sensing has emerged as a new sensing technique, elevating sensing speed and resolution for practical applications. Integrated MWP sensors exhibit unparalleled capabilities in ultra‐sensitive, label‐free nanoscale detection, offering the potential to synergize with advanced integration techniques for a compact footprint and versatile designs. This paper reviews and summarizes the development and recent advances in integrated MWP sensing, focusing on the schemes based on microresonators. The diverse array of existing schemes is systematically categorized, elucidating their operational principles and performance demonstration. Furthermore, the assistance of machine learning and deep learning in integrated MWP sensors is explored, highlighting the potential of intelligent sensing paradigms. Finally, current challenges and opportunities aimed at further advancing MWP sensors are discussed.
A Crystalline 2D Fullerene‐Based Metal Halide Semiconductor for Efficient and Stable Ideal‐bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Weicheng , Azmy Ali , Li Guang , Mishra Anamika , Syrgiannis Zois , Zheng Wenwen , Volonakis George , Kepenekian Mikaël , Even Jacky , Wojtas Lukasz , Wang Cheng , Huang Lishuai , Chen Weiqing , Zhou Shun , Zhou Jin , Zeng Guojun , Pu Dexin , Guan Hongling , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun , Spanopoulos Ioannis
Published: April 2024

Despite advances in mixed tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskite‐based solar cells, achieving both high‐efficiency and long‐term device stability remains a major challenge. Current device deficiencies stem partly from inefficient carrier transport, originating from defects and improper band energy alignment among the device's interfaces. Developing multifunctional interlayer materials simultaneously addressing the above concerns poses an excellent strategy. Herein, through molecular and crystal engineering, an amine‐functionalized C60 mono‐adduct derivative (C60‐2NH3 = bis(2‐aminoethyl) malonate‐C60) is utilized for the synthesis of the first crystalline fullerene‐based 2D metal halide semiconductor, namely (C60‐2NH3)Pb2I6. Single crystal XRD studies elucidated the structure of the new material, while DFT calculations highlighted the strong contribution of C60‐2NH3 to the electronic density of states of the conduction band of (C60‐2NH3)Pb2I6. Utilization of C60‐2NH3 as an interlayer between a FA0.6MA0.4Pb0.7Sn0.3I3 perovskite and a C60 layer offered superior band energy alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination, and enhanced carrier mobility. The corresponding perovskite solar cell (PSC) device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 21.64%, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency, after being stored under a N2 atmosphere for 2400 h. This work sets the foundation for developing a new family of functional materials, namely Fullerene Metal Halide Semiconductors, targeting applications from photovoltaics to catalysis, transistors, and supercapacitors.
Electron Odd‐Pearcey Gaussian Beams Propagating In a Constant Magnetic Field
Authors: Cai Xuezhen , Tang Huilin , Huang Haoyu , Wu Hailong , He Xingyi , Chen Yanru , Deng Dongmei
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the introduction of a novel type of electron beams known as electron odd‐Pearcey Gaussian beams (EOPGBs) is presented. For the first time, the dynamics of EOPGBs are explored propagating in both free space and a constant magnetic field by employing the Schrödinger equation. The investigation reveals that the electron beams exhibit remarkable auto‐focusing characteristics in these two media, and the focal length can be controlled by adjusting certain parameters. Additionally, in a constant magnetic field, EOPGBs exhibit intriguing properties, notably the dual auto‐focusing property, which sets them apart from other known electron beams. The probability currents and distribution factors are used to provide a theoretical explanation for the aforementioned features of EOPGBs. Furthermore, the conclusions are consistent with the results obtained from numerical simulations.
Quantitative Factors Introduced in the Feasibility Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)‐Sensitive Triggers
Authors: Kondengadan Shameer M. , Wang Binghe
Published: April 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for cellular signaling. Various pathophysiological conditions are also associated with elevated levels of ROS. Hence, ROS‐sensitive triggers have been extensively used for selective payload delivery. Such applications are predicated on two key functions: (1) a sufficient magnitude of concentration difference for the interested ROS between normal tissue/cells and intended sites and (2) appropriate reaction kinetics to ensure a sufficient level of selectivity for payload release. Further, ROS refers to a group of species with varying reactivity, which should not be viewed as a uniform group. In this review, we critically analyze data on the concentrations of different ROS species under various pathophysiological conditions and examine how reaction kinetics affect the success of ROS‐sensitive linker chemistry. Further, we discuss different ROS linker chemistry in the context of their applications in drug delivery and imaging. This review brings new insights into research in ROS‐triggered delivery, highlights factors to consider in maximizing the chance for success and discusses pitfalls to avoid.
What doesn't fit is made to fit: Pim‐1 kinase adapts to the configuration of stilbene‐based inhibitors
Authors: Hochban Phil M. M. , Heyder Lukas , Heine Andreas , Diederich Wibke E.
Published: April 2024

Recently, we have developed novel Pim‐1 kinase inhibitors starting from a dihydrobenzofuran core structure using a computational approach. Here, we report the design and synthesis of stilbene‐based Pim‐1 kinase inhibitors obtained by formal elimination of the dihydrofuran ring. These inhibitors of the first design cycle, which were obtained as inseparable cis/trans mixtures, showed affinities in the low single‐digit micromolar range. To be able to further optimize these compounds in a structure‐based fashion, we determined the X‐ray structures of the protein‐ligand‐complexes. Surprisingly, only the cis‐isomer binds upon crystallization of the cis/trans‐mixture of the ligands with Pim‐1 kinase and the substrate PIMTIDE, the binding mode being largely consistent with that predicted by docking. After crystallization of the exclusively trans‐configured derivatives, a markedly different binding mode for the inhibitor and a concomitant rearrangement of the glycine‐rich loop is observed, resulting in the ligand being deeply buried in the binding pocket.
Auswirkungen des Austausches einer Gasheizung gegen eine Außenluft‐Wärmepumpe im EFH
Authors: Döring Felix , Richter Torsten
Published: April 2024

Der Gebäudebestand benötigt rund 30 % des gesamten Endenergiebedarfes in Deutschland. Der Erfolg der Wärmewende hängt daher maßgeblich vom Einsparpotenzial im Gebäudebestand ab. Dazu gehört neben der Sanierung der Gebäudehülle auch der Einsatz einer klimaneutralen Wärmebereitstellung. Für dieses Ziel ist es vorteilhaft und notwendig, die Anlagentechnik von fossilen auf erneuerbare Energieträger umzurüsten. Derzeit gilt zu Recht die Wärmepumpe als Schlüsseltechnologie für das Gelingen der Wärmewende. Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Autarkiegrad der Kombination Wärmepumpe mit Photovoltaikanlage genauer. Um den Autarkiegrad bestimmen zu können, wird für ein konkretes Praxisbeispiel eine Simulationsrechnung mit dem Programm PV*SOL erstellt. Als maßgebend für die Auswertung wird der lastgerechte Autarkiegrad in Abhängigkeit der damit verbundenen Investitionskosten bestimmt und dargestellt.
Was 2021–2022 an Annus Horribilis for teacher educators? Reflections on a survey of teacher educators
Authors: Wood Phil , Quickfall Aimee
Published: April 2024

The COVID pandemic temporarily altered the functioning of all sections of society. In England, it led to major disruption in the teacher education sector leading to curtailed training in schools and a rapid shift to alternative approaches to teaching and learning. By the 2021–2022 academic year, it was hoped that activity would return to a level of normalcy. However, the continued hangover of the pandemic together with the return of high‐stakes inspections by Ofsted, and a decision by the UK Government to instigate an accreditation process for all English initial teacher education (pre‐service teacher education) programmes, required to allow institutions to continue offering initial teacher education beyond 2024, all combined to create the potential for a very difficult year. We surveyed 159 teacher educators to capture reflections of their experiences form the 2021–2022 academic year, understanding their perceptions through the lens of the Job Demands‐Resources Model (Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512, 10.1037//0021‐9010.86.3.499) which identifies those factors which may lead to stress and burnout in the work environment (demands) and those which balance against this and offer emotional well‐being (resources). The results show a number of high demands over the course of the year, especially related to accreditation and Ofsted pressures, and the extra demands made by the overhang of the pandemic, all factors leading to increased workload. Counteracting these demands are the resources present, particularly the support between colleagues and a strong commitment and enjoyment gained form working with student teachers. However, the long‐term sustainability of the role of teacher educator is in question.
Netherton syndrome—A therapeutic challenge in childhood
Authors: Kostova Polina , Petrova Guergana , Shahid Martin , Papochieva Vera , Miteva Dimitrinka , Yordanova Ivelina , Drenovska Kossara , Bradinova Irena , Janniger Camila K. , Schwartz Robert A. , Vassileva Snejina
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin exhibits great potential in the treatment of Netherton syndrome.

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis (OMIM #256500) characterized by superficial scaling, atopic manifestations, and multisystemic complications. It is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the SPINK5 gene, which encode a key kallikrein protease inhibitor. There are two subtypes of the syndrome that differ in clinical presentation and immune profile: ichthyosiform erythroderma and ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. NS is a multisystemic disease with numerous extracutaneous manifestations. Current therapy for patients with NS is mainly supportive, as there is no curative or specific treatment, especially for children with NS, but targeted therapies are being developed. We describe an 8‐year‐old boy with genetically proven NS treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for recurrent skin and systemic infections from infancy, growth retardation, and associated erythroderma. Under this therapy, his skin status, infectious exacerbations, and quality of life all improved. Knowledge of the cytokine‐mediated pathogenesis of NS and the development of new biologic drugs open new possibilities for NS patients. However, the different therapeutic options have been applied in a limited number of cases, and variable responses have been shown. Randomized controlled trials with a sufficient number of patients stratified and treated according to their specific immune profile and clinical phenotype are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment options for patients with NS.
Waldmann's disease: Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia diagnosed by 99mTc‐labeled albumin macroaggregate scintigraphy—A case report in an adult patient
Authors: Castellón Méndez Alex José , Bodán Campbell Allan , Rosales Obregón Victor , Zahran Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Rare yet significant, this case sheds light on the uncommon presentation of Waldmann's disease in adults, showcasing the diagnostic challenges it poses. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological evaluations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of this complex disorder.

Waldmann's disease, or primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, is a rare disorder characterized by protein‐losing enteropathy due to dilation and leakage of intestinal lymphatic vessels. Although typically diagnosed in early childhood, we present a case of a 55‐year‐old male with a complex medical history. The patient's history included intestinal obstruction, multidrug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. He presented with a 2‐year history of chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and lower limb edema. Endoscopic and histological examination revealed scattered white spots in the duodenum and terminal ileum, indicative of intestinal lymphangiectasia. Nuclear medicine studies confirmed abnormal protein loss. The rarity of Waldmann's disease in adulthood and its association with other significant medical conditions pose diagnostic challenges. The distinct endoscopic and histological findings, coupled with scintigraphy results, contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this complex case. Differential diagnoses and management considerations are discussed. This case highlights the atypical presentation of Waldmann's disease in adulthood, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of this uncommon disorder and its potential implications for patients with complex medical histories.
Adjuvant therapy for rare rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A case report
Authors: Chu Ting‐Yi , Pu Ta‐Wei , Chen Chao‐Yang
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Anorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors are extremely rare, constituting less than 0.1% of rectal tumors. Surgical resection using a transanal wide excision followed by adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be a successful treatment combination to remove the mass and prevent recurrence while preserving the integrity of the anal sphincter.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a rare subset of neoplasms, accounting for about 1%–2% of primary gastrointestinal malignancies. The stomach is the most common site for GISTs, with anorectal GISTs being exceptionally rare, representing only 0.1% of all rectal tumors. The standard approach for managing localized GIST involves complete surgical excision to achieve negative microscopic margins (R0) while preserving the tumor capsule and maintaining anal sphincter function. Surgical resection with transanal wide excision followed by adjuvant therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors can successfully remove the mass, prevent recurrence, and preserve the anal sphincter's integrity. Adjuvant therapy with imatinib is the recommended treatment for all localized GISTs assessed to have an intermediate or high risk of relapse. Here, we report a case of a 63‐year‐old male with a rectal GIST who underwent transanal wide excision followed by adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Marchiafava‐Bignami disease: Prompt diagnosis made by magnetic resonance brain imaging
Authors: Akita Satori , Takakuwa Takeshi , Kajinami Kouji
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Marchiafava‐Bignami disease, a rare condition often associated with alcoholism, shows myelin degeneration with tissue necrosis specifically in the corpus callosum. Urgent application of magnetic resonance imaging could lead to prompt diagnosis.

A 66‐year‐old male with habitual alcohol drink complained acute deterioration of left‐side muscle weakness as initial presentation. On the arrival, the patient was confused, with stable vital sign and unremarkable pyramidal sign. Although several potential diagnoses could be considered, brain computed tomography did not provide diagnostic information, and subsequently‐performed magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense lesions on T2‐flair images in corpus callosum, suggesting MBD as clinical diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis enabled us to introduce thiamine administration with subsequent favorable neurological outcome.
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting with life‐threatening upper GI bleeding in a young patient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abera Samuel Addisu , Tadesse Amanuel Kassa , Abera Kirubel Addisu , Zegeye Kassa Berie , Ibrahim Mohammed Alemu , Feleke Ashenafi Amsalu , Gebrehiwet Cheru lilay , Mengistu Segenet Bizuneh , Alemu Hirut Tesfahun , Molla Yohannis Derbew
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Duodenal GISTs are rare and challenging tumors. Acute life‐threatening upper GI bleeding is a possible presentation of duodenal GISTs. Surgery is the standard treatment for localized duodenal GISTs. Imatinib is an effective adjuvant therapy for duodenal GISTs.

GIST is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 1%–2% of gastrointestinal tumors. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are rare in patients younger than 30 years. The stomach is the most common site, followed by the small intestine and colon. GISTs are caused by a gain‐of‐function mutation in the proto‐oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, with activating mutations in KIT being the most common. Most GISTs are asymptomatic. Even if gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication life‐threatening hemorrhage is extremely uncommon. We present a case of a 31‐year‐old male patient presented with massive active hematemesis and melena with hemorrhagic shock. The patient presented with massive hematemesis and melena of 1 h duration. Endoscopy showed pulsating active bleeding from the third part of the duodenum which was difficult to manage via endoscopy. Histopathologic evaluation showed spindle cell type GIST. Intraoperatively, there was a nodular mass with active bleeding on the third part of the duodenum. Duodenectomy with end‐to‐end anastomosis was done. Discharged with no postoperative complication and was put on imatinib. There are considerable challenges that arise in the diagnosis and treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) when they present with life‐threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In order to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches.
A review of electrospun separators for lithium‐based batteries: Progress and application prospects
Authors: Sun Xiangru , Zhou Ying , Li Dejun , Zhao Kai , Wang Liqun , Tan Peiran , Dong Hongyang , Wang Yueming , Liang Ji
Published: April 2024

Due to the limitations of the raw materials and processes involved, polyolefin separators used in commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gradually failed to meet the increasing requirements of high‐end batteries in terms of energy density, power density, and safety. Hence, it is very important to develop next‐generation separators for advanced lithium (Li)‐based rechargeable batteries including LIBs and Li–S batteries. Nonwoven nanofiber membranes fabricated via electrospinning technology are highly attractive candidates for high‐end separators due to their simple processes, low‐cost equipment, controllable microporous structure, wide material applicability, and availability of multiple functions. In this review, the electrospinning technologies for separators are reviewed in terms of devices, process and environment, and polymer solution systems. Furthermore, strategies toward the improvement of electrospun separators in advanced LIBs and Li–S batteries are presented in terms of the compositions and the structure of nanofibers and separators. Finally, the challenges and prospects of electrospun separators in both academia and industry are proposed. We anticipate that these systematic discussions can provide information in terms of commercial applications of electrospun separators and offer new perspectives for the design of functional electrospun separators for advanced Li‐based batteries.
Enhancing potassium‐ion storage of Bi2S3 through external–internal dual synergism: Ti3C2Tx compositing and Cu2+ doping
Authors: Sha Dawei , You Yurong , Hu Rongxiang , Ding Jianxiang , Cao Xin , Zhang Yuan , Pan Long , Sun ZhengMing
Published: April 2024

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) offer a cost‐effective and resource‐abundant solution for large‐scale energy storage. However, the progress of PIBs is impeded by the lack of high‐capacity, long‐life, and fast‐kinetics anode electrode materials. Here, we propose a dual synergic optimization strategy to enhance the K+ storage stability and reaction kinetics of Bi2S3 through two‐dimensional compositing and cation doping. Externally, Bi2S3 nanoparticles are loaded onto the surface of three‐dimensional interconnected Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to stabilize the electrode structure. Internally, Cu2+ doping acts as active sites to accelerate K+ storage kinetics. Various theoretical simulations and ex situ techniques are used to elucidate the external–internal dual synergism. During discharge, Ti3C2Tx and Cu2+ collaboratively facilitate K+ intercalation. Subsequently, Cu2+ doping primarily promotes the fracture of Bi2S3 bonds, facilitating a conversion reaction. Throughout cycling, the Ti3C2Tx composite structure and Cu2+ doping sustain functionality. The resulting Cu2+‐doped Bi2S3 anchored on Ti3C2Tx (C‐BT) shows excellent rate capability (600 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1; 105 mAh g–1 at 5.0 A g–1) and cycling performance (91 mAh g–1 at 5.0 A g–1 after 1000 cycles) in half cells and a high energy density (179 Wh kg–1) in full cells.
Identification and management of mental health distress in Moroccan patients with cancer: Strategies adopted by oncology nurses and barriers to practice
Authors: Aquil Amina , Mouallif Mustapha , Elgot Abdeljalil
Published: April 2024

Background

Adressing mental distress among cancer patients presents a substantial challenge in the delivery of oncology care.

Aims

This present study aims to explore the nursing strategies for identifying and managing distress in cancer patients as well as the concomitant barriers that prevent them from achieving this task.

Methods

This qualitative study is based on a semi‐structured interview with 25 practicing nurses in oncology.

Results

Strategies used by nurses to identify mental distress in their patients include: receiving information, mobilizing interpersonal skills, and identifying causes of distress. When asked about the barriers that hinder the practice of identifying and responding to patients' distress, nurses reported facing several barriers that can be classified into three categories: health care system‐related barriers, patient‐related barriers, and nurse‐related barriers.

Conclusion

Oncology nurses should benefit from specific training on the systematic assessment of mental distress in cancer patients, in order to improve the overall management of oncology patients.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Anaprazole, a Novel Proton Pump Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Niu Xiaoye , Liu Fei , Ma Xifeng , Cheng Fang , Xu Haiyan , Wang Li , Xu Yanjun , Li Haiyan
Published: April 2024

Anaprazole, a newly developed oral proton pump inhibitor, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects. This study involved administering either anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet or placebo, followed by monitoring the incidence and severity of any adverse events (AEs). The pharmacokinetic parameters of anaprazole, its isomer, and main metabolisms were determined. The results showed that both single‐dose (2.5‐120 mg) and multiple‐dose (20 mg once daily, 40 mg once daily, or 20 mg twice daily) oral administration of anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet were safe and well tolerated. Following single‐dose administration, the median time to reach maximum plasma concentration of anaprazole was between 3.50 and 5.25 hours, with mean elimination half‐life of 1.22‐3.79 hours. The absorption and elimination of anaprazole in the human body appeared to basically follow linear kinetics. After repeated dosing, steady‐state concentrations of anaprazole, its isomer, and primary metabolites were achieved, with a median time to reach maximum plasma concentration of 3‐3.75 hours and a mean elimination half‐life of 1.61‐2.27 hours for anaprazole. There was no significant drug accumulation after multiple‐dose oral administration. In conclusion, anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablets were found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese individuals. Anaprazole is absorbed and metabolized consistently in the human body without any accumulation.
Targeting glutamate metabolism in chronic lung diseases
Authors: Guo Zhihou , Yan Furong
Published: April 2024

Amino acids are necessary for all life forms, which play various roles. Disorder of amino acid metabolism is now considered an important driving mechanism in diverse pulmonary conditions, particularly chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Glutamate actively participates in multiple vital biological processes, while the intricate glutamate metabolism, glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters assume crucial regulatory functions in the development of chronic lung diseases. This review aims to discuss the relationship between glutamate dysfunction and chronic lung diseases. By discussing the physiological and pathological function of glutamate, we probe the potential drug targets for chronic lung diseases in the glutamate pathway.
Computational repurposing of oncology drugs through off‐target drug binding interactions from pharmacological databases
Authors: Walpole Imogen R. , Zaman Farzana Y , Zhao Peinan , Marshall Vikki M. , Lin Frank P. , Thomas David M. , Shackleton Mark , Antolin Albert A. , Ameratunga Malaka
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Systematic repurposing of approved medicines for another indication may accelerate drug development in oncology. We present a strategy combining biomarker testing with drug repurposing to identify new treatments for patients with advanced cancer.

Methods

Tumours were sequenced with the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO‐500) platform or the FoundationOne CDx panel. Mutations were screened by two medical oncologists and pathogenic mutations were categorised referencing literature. Variants of unknown significance were classified as potentially pathogenic using plausible mechanisms and computational prediction of pathogenicity. Gain of function (GOF) mutations were evaluated through repurposing databases Probe Miner (PM), Broad Institute Drug Repurposing Hub (Broad Institute DRH) and TOPOGRAPH. GOF mutations were repurposing events if identified in PM, not indexed in TOPOGRAPH and excluding mutations with a known Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved biomarker. The computational repurposing approach was validated by evaluating its ability to identify FDA‐approved biomarkers. The total repurposable genome was identified by evaluating all possible gene‐FDA drug‐approved combinations in the PM dataset.

Results

The computational repurposing approach was accurate at identifying FDA therapies with known biomarkers (94%). Using next‐generation sequencing molecular reports (n = 94), a meaningful percentage of patients (14%) could have an off‐label therapeutic identified. The frequency of theoretical drug repurposing events in The Cancer Genome Atlas pan‐cancer dataset was 73% of the samples in the cohort.

Conclusion

A computational drug repurposing approach may assist in identifying novel repurposing events in cancer patients with no access to standard therapies. Further validation is needed to confirm a precision oncology approach using drug repurposing.
Synthesis and investigation of the cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant capacities of some novel N'‐(quinolin‐4‐ylmethylene)propanehydrazides against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kilic Burcu , Dogruer Deniz S.
Published: April 2024

One of the worst long‐term health issues of the past few decades is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, there are currently insufficient choices for treating and caring for AD, which makes it a popular subject for drug development research. Studies on the development of drugs for AD have primarily concentrated on the use of multitarget directed ligands. Following this strategy, we designed new ChE inhibitors with additional antioxidant and metal chelator effects. In this research, eight novel N’‐(quinolin‐4‐ylmethylene)propanehydrazide derivatives were synthesized and characterized. We then evaluated the inhibition potency of all the final compounds for cholinesterase enzymes. Among them, 4e (IC50 acetylcholinesterase [AChE] = 0.69 µM and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE]= 26.00 µM) and 4h (IC50's AChE= 7.04 µM and BChE= 16.06 µM) were found to be the most potent AChE and BChE inhibitors, respectively.
Substituted Pyrrole‐based Schiff Bases: Effect On The Luminescence Of Neutral Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Ferraro Valentina , Fuhr Olaf , Bizzarri Claudia , Bräse Stefan
Published: April 2024

Neutral Cu(I) complexes containing Schiff bases as chelating N‐donors and phosphines as P‐donors were efficiently isolated and characterized. The imines were obtained by straightforward condensation between pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde and the corresponding aromatic amines. The structure of most of the Cu(I) species was elucidated through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The Cu(I) complexes exhibited intense absorptions around 400–500 nm ascribed to MLCT transitions. For some Cu(I) derivatives, orange‐ and red‐orange emissions were detected upon excitation with near‐UV and blue irradiation in the solid state. The emission maxima were red‐shifted once the benzothiazole‐derived Schiff base or Xantphos were employed as chelating ligands. Microsecond‐long lifetimes, wide emissions, and large Stokes shifts suggest the involvement of triplet states in the luminescent process. Electrochemical measurements and DFT calculations were employed to rationalize the photoluminescence properties, which were ascribed to mixed 3LC/3MLCT transitions.
Scanner: Simultaneously temporal trend and spatial cluster detection for spatial‐temporal data
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Xin
Published: April 2024

Identifying the underlying trajectory pattern in the spatial‐temporal data analysis is a fundamental but challenging task. In this paper, we study the problem of simultaneously identifying temporal trends and spatial clusters of spatial‐temporal trajectories. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel method named spatial clustered and sparse nonparametric regression (). Our method leverages the B‐spline model to fit the temporal data and penalty terms on spline coefficients to reveal the underlying spatial‐temporal patterns. In particular, our method estimates the model by solving a doubly‐penalized least square problem, in which we use a group sparse penalty for trend detection and a spanning tree‐based fusion penalty for spatial cluster recovery. We also develop an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to efficiently minimize the penalized least square loss. The statistical consistency properties of estimator are established in our work. In the end, we conduct thorough numerical experiments to verify our theoretical findings and validate that our method outperforms the existing competitive approaches.
A novel friction model for steel‐polymer interfaces in sliding seismic isolation bearings
Authors: Messina Armando , Miranda Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Experiments have shown that the coefficient of friction in steel‐polymer interfaces is influenced by several interacting parameters, making it difficult to accurately model the instantaneously varying coefficient of friction in sliding seismic isolation bearings. A new model to characterize the variation of the coefficient of friction in sliding seismic isolation bearings in which a thermoplastic slides relative to a steel surface is presented. The model takes into account the variation in the coefficient of friction produced by changes in sliding velocity, normal pressure, and stick‐slip phenomena, as well as degradation due to frictional heating. In particular, the model takes into account the differences in behavior during reversing and nonreversing stick‐slip transitions. It is shown that the proposed model is able to reproduce very well experimental results of friction tests using various steel‐polymer interfaces.
Experimental and parametric analysis of a novel hybrid thermal management strategy for cylindrical lithium‐ion cells
Authors: Shahid Seham , Agelin‐Chaab Martin
Published: April 2024

This paper reports on a novel hybrid thermal management strategy. It uses secondary coolants (air and liquid) to withdraw heat simultaneously from the composite phase change material, resulting in increased heat extraction capability of the composite phase change material and improved thermal environment of the battery module. The significance of this strategy is that the fluid used in the liquid cooling stays stationary. Comprehensive experimental and numerical studies are performed, and parametric studies are conducted to reduce the volume of the phase change material, size of the air duct, and airflow Reynolds number. The numerical results showed that the maximum temperature was limited to 27.8°C, and a high‐temperature uniformity of 0.4°C was obtained. Furthermore, the required volume of the composite phase change material is reduced by ~50%. Additionally, beyond a 6 mm height of the air duct, the reduction in maximum pressure drop is not significant enough, and it is considered the optimal height, and a Reynolds number of 1950 is considered the optimal airflow Reynolds number. Therefore, the proposed thermal management concept for the battery module can sustain the thermal environment needed for the effective operation of Lithium‐ion batteries.
Does Tri‐Staple™ technology reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery? A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Gerbasi Lucas Soares , Tustumi Francisco , Seid Victor Edmond , Araujo Sergio Eduardo Alonso
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives

This study evaluates the Tri‐Staple™ technology in colorectal anastomosis.

Methods

Patients who underwent rectosigmoidectomy between 2016 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups: EEA™ (EEA) or Tri‐Staple™ (Tri‐EEA). The groups were matched for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), and neoadjuvant radiotherapy using propensity score matching (PSM).

Result

Three hundred and thirty‐six patients were included (228 EEA; 108 Tri‐EEA). The groups were similar in sex, age, and neoadjuvant therapy. The Tri‐EEA group had fewer patients with ASA III/IV scores (7% vs. 33%; p < 0.001). The Tri‐EEA group had a lower incidence of leakage (4% vs. 11%; p = 0.023), reoperations (4% vs. 12%; p = 0.016), and severe complications (6% vs. 14%; p = 0.026). There was no difference in complications, mortality, readmission, and length of stay. After PSM, 108 patients in the EEA group were compared with 108 in the Tri‐EEA group. The covariates sex, age, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and ASA were balanced, and the risk of leakage (4% vs. 12%; p = 0.04), reoperation (4% vs. 14%; p = 0.014), and severe complications (6% vs. 15%; p = 0.041) remained lower in the Tri‐EEA group.

Conclusion

Tri‐Staple™ reduces the risk of leakage in colorectal anastomosis. However, this study provides only insights, and further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
Global well‐posedness of strong solutions to the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with Coulomb force and non‐flat doping profile
Authors: Zhang Mingyu
Published: April 2024

This paper establishes the global well‐posedness of strong solutions for the 3D compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with non‐flat doping profile and Coulomb force, which is of hyperbolic–parabolic–elliptic mixed type. It is essentially shown that for the initial value problem with initial density allowed to contain vacuum states, the strong solution exists globally under small energy but possible large oscillations.
Lessons From the Past Can Help Operators Protect Public Health
Authors: Pizzi Nick
Published: April 2024

Source water challenges can add complexity to water treatment decisions, but operators must be educated and prepared to meet these challenges.
Post‐tuberculosis respiratory impairment in Gambian children and adolescents: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Nkereuwem Esin , Agbla Schadrac , Njai Bintou , Edem Victory Fabian , Jatta Muhammed Lamin , Owolabi Olumuyiwa , Masterton Uma , Jah Fatoumatta , Danso Madikoi , Fofana Aunty Nyima , Samateh Wandifa , Darboe Muhammed Lamin , Owusu Sheila Ageiwaa , Bush Andrew , Kampmann Beate , Togun Toyin
Published: April 2024

Background

Although post‐tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is a known consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB), few studies have reported the prevalence and spectrum of PTLD in children and adolescents.

Methods

Children and adolescent (≤19 years) survivors of pTB in the Western Regions of The Gambia underwent a respiratory symptom screening, chest X‐ray (CXR) and spirometry at TB treatment completion. Variables associated with lung function impairment were identified through logistic regression models.

Results

Between March 2022 and July 2023, 79 participants were recruited. The median age was 15.6 years (IQR: 11.8, 17.9); the majority, 53/79 (67.1%), were treated for bacteriologically confirmed pTB, and 8/79 (10.1%) were children and adolescents living with HIV. At pTB treatment completion, 28/79 (35.4%) reported respiratory symptoms, 37/78 (47.4%) had radiological sequelae, and 45/79 (57.0%) had abnormal spirometry. The most common respiratory sequelae were cough (21/79, 26.6%), fibrosis on CXR (22/78, 28.2%), and restrictive spirometry (41/79, 51.9%). Age at TB diagnosis over ten years, undernutrition and fibrosis on CXR at treatment completion were significantly associated with abnormal spirometry (p = .050, .004, and .038, respectively).

Conclusion

Chronic respiratory symptoms, abnormal CXR, and impaired lung function are common and under‐reported consequences of pTB in children and adolescents. Post‐TB evaluation and monitoring may be necessary to improve patient outcomes.
The Stability of Straightened Ta Filament During Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Film
Authors: Xiang Junhuai , Liu Shuang , Liu Xuezhang , Wang Caihua , Wen Kui , Hu Huawen , Long Hangyu
Published: April 2024

Maintaining the geometrical stability of hot filament is a challenge in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over a larger area since deformation varies the distance between the filament and the substrate and, consequently, destroys the uniformity of diamond deposition. Herein, Ta filament is straightened with a tensile stress ranging from 4.40 to 11 MPa to suppress deformation, and the stability during the CVD process of diamond film is evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray are further utilized to investigate the morphological and structural evolutions of Ta filament. Results show that straightened Ta filament maintains geometrical stability without any visible deformation or breakage and uniform deposition of diamond film is obtained through Ta filament undergone a transformation from Ta to Ta2C and then to TaC. At high deposition pressure (7 kPa) or a low concentration of methane (1%), the straightened Ta filament goes through a moderate transformation, which implies the cracks caused by rough transformation can be avoided, thus prolonging the lifetime of straightened Ta filament. These works provide significant guidelines for the large‐scale manufacture of diamond deposition.
Synthesis of 2D Nonlayered α‐Nb2O5 Nanosheets by the Growth Promoter of Sulfur and Alkali Halides
Authors: Zhang Bo , Niu Chengyang , Chu Wenlong , Guo Xuehao , Zhou Xilong , Li Cheng , Fan Xiulian , Zou Luwei , Wu Zhaofeng , Lu Yunzhang , OuYang Fangping , Zhou Yu , Zhang Hongyan
Published: April 2024

Niobium‐based oxides with wide bandgap and high dielectric constant show great potential in the applications of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, the quasi‐van der Waals epitaxial growth of 2D α‐Nb2O5 nanosheets is reported, in which the growth promoter of sulfur and alkali halides has been utilized to catalyze the ultrathin 2D growth. The relatively low Gibbs free energy of α‐Nb2O5 nanosheets can drive the ultrathin growth down to 30 nm on the c‐Al2O3 substrate by the transformation of T‐Nb2O5 powder sources without any doping effects, demonstrating the diverse α‐Nb2O5 nanostructure morphologies. The as‐grown α‐Nb2O5 nanosheets are characterized with high crystalline quality and specific dominated growth plane, indicating the uniform dielectric properties. The metal–insulator–metal capacitor has confirmed the α‐Nb2O5 nanosheet with a high dielectric constant over 40. The dual promoters’ growth design strategy provides a universal synthesis method for the 2D nonlayered dielectric materials.