bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Communication Interference Resource Scheduling using the Master-Slave Parallel Scheduling Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wei Zhenhua , Wu Wenpeng , Zhan Jianwei , Zhang Zhaoguang
Published: August 2024

With the increasing intelligence and diversification of communication interference in recent years, communication interference resource scheduling has received more attention. However, the existing interference scenario models have been developed mostly for remote high-power interference with a fixed number of jamming devices without considering power constraints. In addition, there have been fewer scenario models for short-range distributed communication interference with a variable number of jamming devices and power constraints. To address these shortcomings, this study designs a distributed communication interference resource scheduling model based distributed communication interference deployment and system operational hours and introduces the stepped logarithmic jamming-to-signal ratio. The proposed model can improve the scheduling ability of the master-slave parallel scheduling genetic algorithm (MSPSGA) in terms of the number of interference devices and the system’s operational time by using four scheduling strategies referring to the searching number, global number, master-slave population power, and fixed-position power. The experimental results show that the MSPSGA can improve the success rate of searching for the minimum number of jamming devices by 40% and prolong the system’s operational time by 128%. In addition, it can reduce the algorithm running time in the scenario with a high-speed countermeasure, the generation time of the jamming scheme, and the average power consumption by 4%, 84%, and 57%, respectively. Further, the proposed resource scheduling model can reduce the search ranges for the number of jamming devices and the system’s operational time by 93% and 79%, respectively.
Lived experiences of palliative care physicians on the impacts of language and cultural discordance on end-of-life care across Ontario, Canada: A qualitative study using the intersectionality-based policy framework
Authors: Lee Seung Heyck , Gibb Maya , Karunananthan Sathya , Cody Margaret , Tanuseputro Peter , Kendall Claire E. , Bédard Daniel , Collin Stéphanie , MacLeod Krystal Kehoe
Published: August 2024

Background Language and cultural discordance refer to when a physician and patient do not share the same language or culture. This can create barriers to providing high-quality care at the end-of-life (EoL). This study explores the intersections of language, culture, geography, and care model in EoL care from the perspectives of palliative care physicians.Methods Semi-structured interviews (1-hour) were conducted virtually between July and November 2023. We interviewed 16 family physicians with experience providing linguistic and/or culturally discordant palliative/EoL care in various urban, suburban, and rural regions of Ontario, who practiced at community and hospital outpatient clinics, home-based care, or long-term care homes. We used reflexive thematic analysis to identify themes across the interviews guided by the intersectionality theoretical framework.Results We identified three themes 1) Visible barriers to care access due to the inability to communicate accurate information and insufficient time spent during appointments with patients; 2) Invisible barriers to care access, shaped by the Eurocentric approach to palliative care and physicians’ lack of awareness on cultural discordance; 3) Workplace supports that currently exist and interventions that physicians would like to see. Community physicians following fee-for-service models were less likely to have access to professional interpreter services. Physicians in long-term care emphasized resource limitations to providing culturally-appropriate care environments.Conclusion Cultural discordance required awareness of personal biases, while language discordance hindered basic communication. These findings will be useful in informing clinical practice guidelines and mobilizing policy-level change to improve palliative/EoL care for patients from linguistic and cultural minority groups.
A comprehensive review of machine learning applications in cybersecurity: identifying gaps and advocating for cybersecurity auditing
Authors: Rananga Ndaedzo , Venter H. S.
Published: August 2024

Cybersecurity threats present significant challenges in the ever-evolving landscape of information and communication technology (ICT). As a practical approach to counter these evolving threats, corporations invest in various measures, including adopting cybersecurity standards, enhancing controls, and leveraging modern cybersecurity tools. Exponential development is established using machine learning and artificial intelligence within the computing domain. Cybersecurity tools also capitalize on these advancements, employing machine learning to direct complex and sophisticated cyberthreats. While incorporating machine learning into cybersecurity is still in its preliminary stages, continuous state-of-the-art analysis is necessary to assess its feasibility and applicability in combating modern cyberthreats. The challenge remains in the relative immaturity of implementing machine learning in cybersecurity, necessitating further research, as emphasized in this study. This study used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology as a scientific approach to reviewing recent literature on the applicability and feasibility of machine learning implementation in cybersecurity. This study presents the inadequacies of the research field. Finally, the directions for machine learning implementation in cybersecurity are depicted owing to the present study’s systematic review. This study functions as a foundational baseline from which rigorous machine-learning models and frameworks for cybersecurity can be constructed or improved.
Investigating the Role of TIMM8B in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Expression Patterns, Prognostic Value, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Zheng Zhuli , Gong Libao , Zhong Hongcheng , Huang Bingjiang , Cong Yunyan , Zhong Beilong , Wang Zhihui
Published: August 2024

Background
TIMM8B is crucial for mitochondrial function, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unexplored. This study investigates TIMM8B expression patterns, prognostic value, and potential therapeutic implications in LUAD.
Methods
TIMM8B expression in cancers versus normal tissues was analyzed using TCGA, GTEx, and GEO datasets. Prognostic analysis was conducted with TCGA, GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and GEO datasets. Validation was performed using a LUAD Tissue Microarray (TMA). A nomogram for LUAD prognosis was developed and validated. TIMM8B-related DEGs were identified using TCGA and LinkedOmics, followed by GO and KEGG analysis. Immunological features were assessed using XCELL and TIDE with TCGA data, and its predictive value for immunotherapy was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Associations between TIMM8B, m6A, and ferroptosis-related genes were analyzed, and genetic mutation profiles were compared using TCGA data. Drug response correlations were explored using the GDSC and CTD databases. TIMM8B and PDL1 expression in cell lines was examined via Western blot. TIMM8B knockdown in LUAD cell lines was followed by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of DEGs, as well as cell cycle analysis.
Results
TIMM8B is overexpressed in multiple cancers, including LUAD. High TIMM8B expression correlates with poorer overall survival (OS) in LUAD. A nomogram incorporating TIMM8B and pTNM stage showed reliable predictive performance. TIMM8B-related gene analyses suggest roles in cell adhesion, chromosome segregation, and critical cancer pathways. TIMM8B shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in LUAD, affecting immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response. Higher TIMM8B expression is associated with TP53 mutations and chemotherapy resistance. Knockdown of TIMM8B in H1299 cells downregulates PDL1, induces G1 phase arrest, and triggers a CCL2-mediated inflammatory response, highlighting roles in cell cycle regulation and inflammatory pathways.
Conclusions
These findings underscore TIMM8B's multifaceted role in cancer progression and its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in LUAD.
An exploration into the application of Internet plus PBL pedagogy in clinical teaching of orthopedics
Authors: Wang Shuo , Hu Xiaole , Zhang Zhaoqing , Liu Xinyu , Wang Lianlei
Published: August 2024

Objective
To explore the effect of Internet plus problem-based learning (PBL) pedagogy in clinical teaching of orthopedics.
Method
A total of 40 orthopedic residents (junior, first-year graduate students) were selected as the research object. They were randomly divided into two groups. For group A, traditional teaching method was adopted, there were 11 males and 9 females, aged from 22 to 24 years, with an average of 23.15 years. For group B, Internet plus PBL pedagogy was adopted, there were 10 males and 10 females, aged from 22 to 24 years, with an average of 23.45 years. After the teaching, all participants were evaluated on the theoretical knowledge and practical operation of Orthopedics. At the end of the examination, all participants filled out a teaching satisfaction questionnaire.
Results
The scores of theoretical knowledge examination in group A and group B were 75.2 ± 14.3 and 79.3 ± 14.7, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The scores of clinical practice skill examination in group A and group B were 75.4 ± 8.12 and 79.8 ± 8.07, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the questionnaire satisfaction of residents in group B was significantly higher (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Internet plus PBL pedagogy can significantly improve the learning interest and learning efficiency of students in clinical teaching of Orthopedics, excavating students' interests and hobbies and autonomous learning ability, and effectively improving students' mastery of theoretical knowledge and skill operation, which is worthy of promotion.
Synthesis, characterization, and use of magnesium-activated biochar for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Kasera Nitesh , Paul Diplina , Kolar Praveen , Hall Steven G , Adhikari Sushil , Sarker Mamun , Sinitskii Alexander
Published: August 2024

Eutrophication and algal blooms are serious issues plaguing the environment. Modified pine-derived biochar can be used as an innovative sorbent to address this problem by removing NO3− from aqueous solutions. In this study, pine nuggets were impregnated by Magnesium Chloride and subsequently pyrolyzed at 600 ⁰C. The physicochemical characteristics of this modified biochar (MB) were characterized by wet chemistry, thermal, spectral, and microscopic methods like acid value, point of zero charge, elemental analysis, specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and compared to that of the pristine form. The data validated the successful impregnation of the biochar and revealed that most of the Mg in MB was distributed in the form of MgO-flakes. In addition, MB was used to carry out batch adsorption of NO3− from the aqueous solution, and the experimental data were fitted to different adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips) and adsorption kinetic models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). The results suggest a maximum NO3− adsorption capacity of 14.40 mg/g suggesting monolayer adsorption as described by the Langmuir model. Additionally, the spent biochar after nitrate adsorption was analyzed by XPS, FTIR, and ToF-SIMS to validate the successful adsorption of NO3− from the aqueous solution.
Assessing the effectiveness of genetic observatory networks in detecting and monitoring marine non-indigenous species.
Authors: Pagnier Justine , Daraghmeh Nauras , Obst Matthias
Published: August 2024

The increasing prevalence of non-indigenous species (NIS) in marine ecosystems poses significant challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Advances in molecular techniques enable early detection and long-term monitoring of such taxa, especially when coupled with spatio-temporally wide-scaled sampling by networks such as the European ARMS Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (ARMS-MBON). This initiative performs standardised sampling campaigns using autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) along European coasts and adjacent regions, providing open-access DNA metabarcoding data sets. We tested the efficacy of genetic observatory networks to detect and monitor marine NIS by analysing all publicly available ARMS-MBON cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing data as of February 2024 using a customised bioinformatic pipeline. Screening against the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS) and applying manual curation, we identified 63 marine taxa considered non-indigenous at one or more locations. This included widespread taxa and potential new introductions, such as Eucheilota menoni in the Adriatic Sea. However, we found no significantly higher number of NIS in samples from locations particularly impacted by maritime traffic compared to other areas. Our results suggest that the genetic observatory network approach is effective for detecting and monitoring marine NIS, including mapping of potential range shifts, detection of NIS hot spots, and as an early warning system. We recommend key improvements including more spatially intense sampling across diverse environments, and enhancement of NIS reference lists and genetic databases to ensure accurate identification of both known and unknown NIS across Europe.
The Traveling Mailman: Topological Optimization Methods for User-Centric Redistricting
Authors: Vargas Nelson Colón
Published: August 2024

This study introduces a new districting approach using the US Postal Service network to measure community connectivity. We combine Topological Data Analysis with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to assess district boundaries' impact on community integrity. Using Iowa as a case study, we generate and refine districting plans using KMeans clustering and stochastic rebalancing. Our method produces plans with fewer cut edges and more compact shapes than the official Iowa plan under relaxed conditions. The low likelihood of finding plans as disruptive as the official one suggests potential inefficiencies in existing boundaries. Gaussian Mixture Model analysis reveals three distinct distributions in the districting landscape. This framework offers a more accurate reflection of community interactions for fairer political representation.
On the Comparative Hydrodynamic Analysis of Conventional and Innovative Closed-Loop Marine Propellers
Authors: Hassan Hussien M. , Elsakka Mohamed M. , Moustafa M. M.
Published: August 2024

This study provides an in-depth comparative analysis of hydrodynamic performance between the Wageningen B3-45-070 and Loop marine propellers, utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with the ANSYS Fluent solver. The Wageningen B3-45-070 propeller is used as a benchmark due to validated experimental results, showing good agreement with prior data. The Closed-loop propeller, reverse-engineered, incorporates an innovative blade design for enhanced efficiency. Open-water tests focus on thrust, torque coefficients, and open-water efficiency for both propellers, with the Loop's numerical investigation using the same CFD settings as the Wageningen B3-45-070 propeller. Two distinct scenarios are used to carry out this investigation. In the first scenario, the rotational speed (n) stays constant, but the speed of advance (Va) changes. In contrast, in the second scenario, the speed of advance (Va) stays constant but the rotational speed (n) changes; three different speeds of advance are used. The results of the present investigation showed that, regardless of the operating condition examined, the closed-closed-loop propeller consistently outperforms the Wageningen B3-45-070 propeller, with efficiency improvements ranging from 0.27–12.31%. Overall, the Closed-loop propeller consistently shows positive performance metrics across diverse operation conditions for improving marine propulsion systems.
Piezometer Time-Lag and Pore Pressure Ratio for Identification of Dam Internal Erosion
Authors: Kunsuwan Bunpoat , Thepjunthra Wiphada , Mairaing Warakorn , Jinagoolwipat Montri , Chalermpornchai Thawatchai
Published: August 2024

Earth dams on complex geology without proper foundation treatment often face the risk of seepage problems. Sufficient installation and interpretation of field instruments are essential for monitoring dam behavior. Three indicators are introduced for assessment of seepage behavior: time lag (TL), pore pressure ratio (PR), and trigger water level (HW). The normalized TL reflects the washing out and plugging of rock cracks, as well as the progression of internal erosion. The foundation of the studied dam consisted of foliated rocks that were highly fractured, with the axis of the foliations aligned almost in the upstream-downstream direction, with a possible low stress zone on the syncline axis. The existing crack easily opened in the concave section of the syncline when the reservoir had risen to a curtain elevation, resulting in increased permeability and a higher flow to the downstream area, known as “hydraulic fracturing” (HF). The piezometer TL clearly indicated a shorter response time as the operating period progressed. The study dam showed the possibility of HF in the foundation, as observed during 2003–2022. The progression of HF was also confirmed by the increase in PR levels toward downstream. This revealed that the ongoing progression of HF had occurred at sta.2 + 700, which agreed well with the location of the slip zone that had occurred in 1993. HW was activated by the reservoir water level response also decreasing with time from 2003 to 2022, confirming that water infiltration through the rock crack progressed with time. These three indicators could act as good warning indices for seepage problems. This compiled knowledge could be transformed to a flowchart to identify the possible risks of hydraulic fracturing in the dam. If the three indices all showed the same trend the potential for hydraulic fracturing and internal erosion would be very high.
Rapid inversion of source parameters for the 2022 Mengyuan Mw 6.6 earthquake with combined high-rate GNSS and strong motion data
Authors: Yang Chen , Su XiaoNing , Gao ZhiYu , Kou RuiXiong
Published: August 2024

To investigate the reliability of high-rate GNSS in the rapid inversion of source parameters for the 2022 Menyuan Mw 6.6 earthquake, we collected high-rate GNSS and strong motion data within a 200 km radius of the epicenter. We performed high-precision calculations to obtain three-dimensional dynamic displacement waveforms for all stations and analyzed the reliability of coseismic deformation acquisition and source parameter inversion. The three-dimensional dynamic displacement waveforms show that the amplitude of displacement fluctuations at each station decreases with increasing distance from the epicenter. At the closest station to the epicenter, C007, the maximum amplitude in the east-west direction reached 15 cm, while the maximum amplitude in the north-south direction reached 10.8 cm. The inverted epicenter location using displacement waveforms is (101.263°E, 37.802°N), with an origin time of 17:45:25.9 (UTC) and a magnitude of Mw 6.65. These results are generally consistent with those obtained from seismological methods using seismic wave information. Based on the displacement waveforms 100 seconds before and after the earthquake, the horizontal coseismic deformation of this event can be quickly obtained. The results show opposite motion trends on the south and north sides of the seismogenic fault, with no significant vertical movement, indicating that the earthquake is predominantly characterized by left-lateral strike slip motion. The results indicate that using near-field high-rate GNSS and strong motion data can rapidly and effectively invert strong earthquake source parameters and coseismic deformation results. This can provide valuable reference for post-earthquake emergency response and rapid disaster assessment.
The impact of social partners: investigating mixed-strain housing effects on aging in mice
Authors: Lee Chih-Lin , Lin Yu-Chiao , Kuo Tsung-Han
Published: August 2024

Aging is a multifaceted process characterized by the gradual decline of physiological functions and can be modulated by various internal and external factors. While social interactions have been shown to affect behaviors and physiology in different species, the impact of social partners on aging-related phenotypes and lifespan in mice remains understudied. To address this question, we investigated various aging-related traits and lifespan in two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/c, under two different housing conditions: mixed-strain and same-strain housing. Analyses using a Generalized linear model revealed significant differences between the two strains in several phenotypes, including metabolic, anxiety-like, and electrocardiographic traits. However, surprisingly, housing conditions did not significantly affect most of the examined parameters, but only 2 out of 19 traits, body weight change in a metabolic cage and running wheel activity. Lifespans were also similar between mixed- and same-strain housing in both C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. Together, our study suggested a minimal influence of co-housing with social partners from different genetic backgrounds on aging-related phenotypes. This result demonstrates the feasibility of mixed housing for mouse husbandry and, more importantly, provides valuable insights for future research on the social influences on the aging process in mice.
Dental biofilm serves as an ecological reservoir of acid-producer pathogens in head and neck cancer patients with radiotherapy-related caries
Authors: Bruno Julia S. , Heidrich Vitor , Restini Felipe C.F. , Alves Tatiana M.M.T. , Miranda-Silva Wanessa , Knebel Franciele H. , Cóser Elisangela M. , Inoue Lilian T. , Asprino Paula F. , Camargo Anamaria A. , Fregnani Eduardo R.
Published: August 2024

Radiotherapy-related caries (RRC) is an aggressive and debilitating oral toxicity that affects about half of the patients who undergo radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the aetiology of RRC is not fully established, and there are no clinically validated methods for preventing it. To gain a better understanding of the risk factors and the microbiome’s role in causing RRC, we compared clinicopathological characteristics, oncological treatment regimens and toxicities, oral health condition, and oral microbiome at three different oral sites of RT-treated HNC patients with (RRC+) and without RRC (RRC-). We observed no significant differences between these groups in the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment regimens. However, RRC + patients were older and had poorer oral health conditions at the start of the RT treatment, with a lower number of teeth and a higher proportion of rehabilitated teeth compared to RCC- patients. In general, RRC + patients had lower microbiome diversity and the dental biofilm of RRC + patients displayed striking alterations in microbiome composition compared to RRC- patients, including enrichment of acidogenic species (such as Propionibacterium acidifaciens and Lactobacillus fermentum) and altered metabolic potential, with a higher abundance of genes from caries-related species (such as Streptococcus mutants and S. parasanguinis) linked to energy-related pathways associated with the synthesis of amino acids and sugars. We also compared RRC tissue with carious tissue from healthy subjects with conventional caries (CC). RRC tissue showed lower bacterial diversity, a higher prevalence of Lactobacillus dominance (relative abundance ≥ 40%), and different co-occurrence networks compared to CC. We provide oral microbiome insights to better understand RRC aetiology, which point to the potential of microbial-targeted therapies to prevent and treat RRC.
Coverage of and factors associated with the regular use of Fortified Blended Flour (Supplementary Food) among children aged 6--23 months in the Remote Mountains of Karnali Province, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sona , Khanal Vishnu , Choulagai Bishnu Prasad
Published: August 2024

Background
Childhood malnutrition is a major global public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, Fortified Blended Flour (FBF) is distributed through the Mother and Child Health and Nutrition Program, targeting the most food-insecure districts. Evaluating coverage, utilization, and barriers is crucial. This study investigated these aspects and factors influencing the regular use of FBF among children aged 6–23 months in Karnali Province.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Khadachakra Municipality, Kalikot district. The probability proportionate to size method selected participants from each ward. Face-to-face interviews were conducted via a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Coverage and utilization of FBF and reasons for irregular use are presented as frequency distributions. Chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression examined associations. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrated the association between independent variables and regular use of FBF.
Results
All respondents were aware of the FBF distribution program (message coverage 100%), and 96.9% reported ever receiving FBF (contact coverage). Among those reporting contact coverage (N = 410), 48% utilized FBF regularly. Key reasons for regular utilization were perceived benefits for child growth (37.6%), free distribution (27.7%), and health worker recommendations (23.9%). Main reasons for irregular utilization included intrahousehold sharing (24.3%), stock shortages (14.2%), and lack of communication with distributors (13.7%). Factors associated with regular utilization included intrahousehold sharing (AOR: 4.22, 95% CI: 2.16–8.24), accepted taste of FBF (AOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.24–4.79), mothers as decision-makers (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.17–6.09), pre-information about distribution (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 2.13–7.81), product adequacy (AOR: 5.12, 95% CI: 2.36–11.13), and waiting time (AOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). A walking distance of less than 30 minutes (AOR: 4.18; 95% CI: 1.74, 10.02) or 30–59 minutes (AOR: 4.33; 95% CI: 1.73, 10.8) to the distribution center increased the likelihood of regular FBF use compared to distances over an hour.
Conclusion
While message and contact coverage were high, fewer than half of the participants utilized FBF regularly. Logistical and programmatic issues hinder regular utilization. Addressing supply chain challenges, improving distribution logistics, and raising awareness about FBF benefits can enhance program effectiveness. Future research should explore strategies to overcome these barriers and optimize nutritional outcomes in similar settings.
Advancing UAV Multi-Object Tracking: Integrating YOLOv8, Nano Instance Segmentation, and Dueling Double Deep Q-Network
Authors: Kiruthiga R , B Nithya , S Martin Prabhu
Published: August 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become indispensable for navigating complex terrains, accessing remote or hazardous locations, and capturing high-resolution imagery. This paper presents an innovative approach to object detection specifically tailored for computer vision applications in UAVs. Traditional deep learning models such as RCNN, Fast RCNN, and YOLO often face challenges in detecting occluded, blurred, or clustered objects and struggle with simultaneously identifying and tracking multiple objects. To overcome these challenges, we propose a framework that integrates YOLOv8x, Nano Instance Segmentation (NIS), and Dueling Double Deep Q Network (DDDQN). YOLOv8x exhibits outstanding performance, achieving an Average Precision (AP) of 53.9% on the demanding MSCOCO dataset, outperforming previous versions. The DDDQN algorithm significantly enhances tracking capabilities by effectively estimating state values and state-dependent action advantages independently. The combination of YOLOv8x and DDDQN facilitates proficient management of obstacles, varying object sizes, and unpredictable movements. We simulated the proposed framework using the UAVDT and VisDrone datasets and compared its performance against approximately nine contemporary frameworks from recent literature. The results demonstrate that our framework significantly improves 1 object tracking in densely populated environments, offering a robust solution for real-world applications requiring precise and resilient object detection.
Contemporary cohort study in adult patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Carvalho Mariana Giorgi Barroso , Almeida Thatyane Veloso , Feijoo Nicolas , Garrido Rafael Quaresma , Barbosa Giovanna Ianini , Golebiovski Wilma Félix , Castro Gustavo Campos Monteiro , Zappa Bruno , Weksler Clara , Correia Marcelo Goulart , Lamas Cristiane da Cruz
Published: August 2024

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe disease with a high mortality rate. Our aim was to describe a case series of adult patients with definite IE treated at a reference centre for cardiac surgery in Brazil, highlighting their specific characteristics.Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectively implemented endocarditis database was conducted, including adult patients with definite IE according to the modified Duke criteria from January 2006 to June 2023. The analysis used the International Collaboration on Endocarditis case report form. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi®, version 1.2.2.Results There were 502 episodes of IE; the mean patient age ± SD was 48.4 ± 17.2 years. Community-acquired IE occurred in 64.7% of the patients, previous heart surgery was performed in 40.6%, and 39.0% of the patients had previous congestive heart failure (CHF). The main predisposing factors were rheumatic valve disease (RVD, 30.7%), valve prostheses (31.5%), and congenital heart disease (13.9%). Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms were performed in 85% and 78% of the patients, respectively. Left-sided IE was predominant. Fever occurred in 90.6% of patients, new murmurs in 50.7%, and embolism in 45%. Blood cultures were negative in 33.1% of the patients. The most common pathogens were oral streptococci (15.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.0%), and enterococci (12.8%). The main complications were CHF (58%), acute renal failure (32.8%), and splenic embolization (35.2%). Surgery was performed in 83.6% of the patients, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 25%.Conclusions In this centre, left-sided IE predominated, with negative blood cultures. Oral streptococci were the most frequently encountered pathogens and RVD was the main predisposing factor. Surgery was performed frequently, and the mortality rate was higher than that in developed countries but lower than that in developing countries.
A glance at Quality-of-Life Post-Epilepsy Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Jolly Ivin Thomas , Ramteke Harshawardhan Dhanraj , Bhatia Sakshi , Juneja Manish , Mrinmai Komuroju Pooja
Published: August 2024

Background:
One of the most important outcomes of the epilepsy management is seizure freedom and improved quality of life (QoL). This meta-analysis and systemic review aim to compute the changes in QoL in the adults having drug resistant epilepsy further undergoing surgery. Thus, this also helps in exploring the various factors affecting the QoL with the changes in QoL.
Methods:
We analyzed the data using the various clinical trial medical databases and PubMed. Most of the studies had the pre- and post-operative seizure outcomes and the mean changes in pre- and post-operative QoL scores were analyzed. The literature search showed a total of 1336 studies were available after the initial search out of which 1259 were excluded. Once the abstract screening was done 77 studies were selected, going through the full text, 43 remained. We applied the language filter and also age range of the patients (19-44 years), yielded in 31 studies. Results:
Four studies were included (n = 4 / 31, 12.9%) in the QOLIE-10 metanalysis. Overall preoperative QOLIE-10 score was 25.49 (19.38 – 31.60 with 95% CI) and overall postoperative QOLIE-10 score was 19.56 (12.95 – 26.16 with 95% CI). Eleven studies were included (n=11/31, 35.4%) in the QOLIE-31 metanalysis. Overall preoperative QOLIE-31 score was 43.89 (31.32 – 56.46 with 95% CI) and overall postoperative QOLIE-31 was 59.31 (45.09 – 73.54 with 95% CI). The change in QOLIE-31 was 12.28 (3.09 – 21.48 with 95% CI). Seven studies were included (n = 7/31, 22.5%) in the QOLIE-89 meta-analysis. Overall preoperative QOLIE-89 score was 49.26 (39.77 – 58.74 with 95% CI) and overall postoperative QOLIE-89 score was 58.87 (51.15 – 66.60 with 95% CI). Post operative change in QOLIE-89 was 11.04 (-0.20 – 22.27 with 95% CI). Individual studies show that better preoperative quality of life is linked to not having mood disorders before surgery, better cognitive function pre-surgery, fewer prior attempts at antiseizure medications, and higher levels of conscientiousness and openness. Additionally, being employed before and after surgery and not taking antidepressants post-surgery are associated with improved outcomes.
Conclusion:
This study indicates that epilepsy surgery can significantly enhance quality of life, with specific clinicodemographic factors influencing these improvements. However, the findings are limited by considerable variability between studies and a high risk of bias.
A year above 1.5°C signals the onset of a 20-year period exceeding the Paris Agreement limit
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: August 2024

A single year exceeding a global mean temperature of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels might be imminent. This raises questions about the implications for the Paris Agreement temperature goal. We show that, while the first year above 1.5 °C does not imply that the long-term warming level is reached, it is highly probable that it signals the onset of a 20-year period with an average warming of 1.5 °C.
PKN2 signalling induces stromal cell protrusions to preserve lymph node structural integrity
Authors: Acton Sophie , Millward Lindsey , Benjamin Agnesska , Makris Spyridon , Horsnell Harry , Menezes Shinelle , Shewring Daniel , Tape Christopher , Saez Pablo , Cameron Angus , de Winde Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Secondary lymphoid tissues develop specialized stromal networks to facilitate immune cell communication and efficient activation of adaptive immunity. This stromal architecture is robust, maintaining topology throughout extensive remodelling and tissue expansion in response to immune challenge. We have previously reported that cytoskeletal mechanics of the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) networks determine tissue tension, and that increased tension initiates stromal proliferation required for lymph node growth. However, it is not known how FRCs mechanistically reshape the stromal network to preserve integrity through the early phases of inflammation. Here, we find a signalling mechanism which coordinates reduced FRC contractility and induction of stromal cell protrusions. RhoA/C GTPase activity is blocked in FRCs to inhibit actomyosin contractility upon contact with CLEC-2+ dendritic cells (DCs) and binding to podoplanin+ stroma. We now find that an additional Rho GTPase target, the PKC family kinase PKN2, regulates activity of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C-substrate (MARCKS). FRCs use MARCKS to generate protrusions in response to DC contact. We tested this mechanism in vivo and found that PKN2 knock-out lymph nodes are unable to regulate MARCKS and show severely disrupted stromal architecture during lymph node expansion. We now present a mechanism of stromal/immune cell crosstalk which actively induces FRC protrusions – an essential component of lymph node remodelling – to maintain tissue integrity during an adaptive immune response.
In silico analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity of curcuminoids and/or curcumin metabolites on Cox-1 and Cox-2
Authors: Mbadiko Clément , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Bongo Gédéon , Matondo Aristote , Kilembe Jason , Nzundu Jean-Paul , Ngombe Nadège , Kapepula Paulin , Mbemba Théophile , Mpiana Pius
Published: August 2024

Background
The present work involved a comparative in silico analysis of the action of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites against cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) was used to obtain the target proteins and Discovery studio 2021, PyRx, ChemDraw Professional 16.0 or the PubChem search engine were used during in silico screening.
Results
The in silico analyses revealed that all the ligands analyzed form stable complexes with the Cox-1 and Cox-2 receptors, which are involved in anti-inflammatory activity. The complexation energy of the ligands with Cox-1 ranged from − 7.2 to -8.8 kcal/mol. The complexation energy of Cox-2 and the ligands analyzed ranged from − 5.2 to -6.4 kcal/mol, predicting a high affinity between the ligands analyzed and Cox-1 compared with Cox-2. In addition, the ligands analyzed formed thermodynamically stable complexes with Cox-1 in the majority of cases compared to the reference molecules analyzed (aspirin: -6.2 Kcal/mol and ibuprofen: -7.2 Kcal/mol). Bisdemethoxycurcumin, curcumin sulphate, curcumin, cyclocurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, dihydrocurcumin, hexahydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin formed very stable bonds with Cox-1 with interaction enthalpies of -8, 8 Kcal/mol, -8.7 Kcal/mol, -8.6 Kcal/mol, -8.3 Kcal/mol, -8.3 Kcal, -8.0 Kcal/mol, -7.9 Kcal/mol and − 7.8 Kcal/mol respectively. Moreover, most of the ligands analyzed formed thermodynamically stable bonds with Cox-2 compared with the reference molecules. The binding enthalpies were − 6.4 Kcal/mol, -6.1 Kcal/mol; -6.1 Kcal/mol, -5.9 Kcal/mol, -5.9 Kcal/mol, -5.7 Kcal/mol, -5.6 Kcal/mol and − 5.5 Kcal/mol for cyclocurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, curcumin sulphate, glucuronocurcumin, dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin respectively; compared with 4.5 Kcal/mol for the complex formed with aspirin and − 5.4 Kcal/mol for that formed with ibuprofen.
Conclusion
Curcuminoids can individually or synergistically inhibit the action of Cox and act as anti-inflammatory agents, curcumin metabolites can also bind to the catalytic sites of Cox 1 and 2 and compete with arachidonic acid, the natural substrate of Cox.
Investigation of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Sapodilla Leaves Pyrolysis Using Coats Redfern Model
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Tariq Rumaisa , Bilal Muhammad , Mannan Hafiz Abdul , Kanwal Sumaira , Rauf Abdul , Raza Faisal , Zeb Hassan
Published: August 2024

The determination of the energy potential of indigenous biomass waste is primarily the focus of every country in its quest to meet the energy demand via clean and sustainable sources. The objective of the current study is to investigate the thermo-kinetic behavior of the sapodilla leaves with thermogravimetric analysis to analyze its potential utilization for energy production through the thermochemical conversion process. Sapodilla leaves were dried, pulverized, and heated non-isothermally from room temperature to 900°C at different heating rates in an inert environment. Thermogravimetric results indicated that the Sapodilla leaves pyrolysis is divided into three stages. The Coats-Redfern integral model was applied in the 2nd and 3rd stages to estimate the numerical value of thermo-kinetic parameters, using five major solid-state reaction mechanisms. The low-temperature stable components (LTSC) degraded in the temperature range of 250–550°C while high-temperature stable components (HTSC) decomposed in the temperature range of 550–850°C. About 45-50wt% degradation in the first temperature range of 250–550°C and about 15-17wt% degradation was observed in 2nd degradation temperature range of 550–900°C. According to the results, the diffusion model D3showed the highest regression coefficient in the first degradation stage while in the second degradation stage, the nucleation models N1.5and N2showed the highest regression coefficient. The activation energy of sapodilla leaves degradation was found in the range between 30–32 kJmol− 1for best-fitted models in low-temperature regions and 8–12 kJmol− 1in high-temperature regions. The positive value of change in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy showed that the reaction is endothermic while the negative value of entropy showed the more regular arrangement of the products. Thermo-kinetic behavior of sapodilla leaves hints toward their huge potential for bio-oil and syngas production through pyrolysis and gasification processes.
Disordered non-Fermi liquid fixed point for two-dimensional metals at Ising-nematic quantum critical points
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Min , Kim Ki-Seok
Published: August 2024

Understanding the influence of quenched random potential is crucial for comprehending the exotic electronic transport of non-Fermi liquid metals near metallic quantum critical points. In this study, we identify a stable fixed point governing the quantum critical behavior of two-dimensional non-Fermi liquid metals in the presence of a random potential disorder. By performing renormalization group analysis on a dimensional-regularized field theory for Ising-nematic quantum critical points, we systematically investigate the interplay between random potential disorder for electrons and Yukawa-type interactions between electrons and bosonic order-parameter fluctuations in a perturbative epsilon expansion. At the one-loop order, the effective field theory lacks stable fixed points, instead exhibiting a runaway flow toward infinite disorder strength. However, at the two-loop order, the effective field theory converges to a stable fixed point characterized by finite disorder strength, termed the “disordered non-Fermi liquid (DNFL) fixed point”. Our investigation reveals that two-loop vertex corrections induced by Yukawa couplings are pivotal in the emergence of the DNFL fixed point, primarily through screening disorder scattering. Additionally, the DNFL fixed point is distinguished by a substantial anomalous scaling dimension of fermion fields, resulting in pseudogap-like behavior in the electron’s density of states. These findings shed light on the quantum critical behavior of disordered non-Fermi liquid metals, emphasizing the indispensable role of higher-order loop corrections in such comprehension.
In Defense of Philosophy and the Necessity of Learning It, by Professor Al-Bukhari Hamana
Authors: Sari Rachida
Published: August 2024

Philosophy was downplayed due to its apparent conflict with religion and scientific thought, which led to its rejection by some as a waste of time. Philosophy is influential and dangerous because it incites questioning and demands clarity in all things. This questioning spurs dialogue, which in turn leads to the objective presentation of issues and problems. Such objective presentation compels us to confront these issues systematically. The methodology represents the deepest revolution humanity has ever known, 'because it alone can teach us something new.' Consequently, it is the most powerful intellectual tool that humanity has developed, particularly through the work of philosophers. This area is often associated with theoretical speculation. To defend his values, Dr. Al-Bukhari asks crucial questions about what philosophy can bring through questioning, critical dialogue, and methodology. These skills are essential in our universities to effectively address contemporary challenges and restore human dignity and cosmic status in the face of dominant materialism. Philosophy is thus presented as the way to happiness, combining reflection, power of the mind, and action.
On the problem of ensuring fire safety on the fire station
Authors: Semenov Igor Vitalievich
Published: August 2024

The problem of ensuring fire safety on the fire-rescue station is highly relevant. As a rule, the area of ​​responsibility of the fire-rescue station includes socially significant facilities with a large number of people, healthcare facilities, children's institutions, etc. The paper examines the main aspects of ensuring fire safety on the fire-rescue station
The Importance and Trends of Standardization in the Fire Safety
Authors: Semenov Igor Vitalievich
Published: August 2024

The most important areas in the sphere of national security include improving the standardization of fire safety requirements, taking into account the provisions of the Federal Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. This work highlights the importance and main trends of standardization in the field of fire safety.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE E MAPAS CONCEITUAIS
Authors: Oliveira Heldervan da Silva , Rogério Rodrigues dos Santos Fábio , Cohen Ferreira Pantoja Glauco , De Souza Pereira Ademir , Fonseca Jardim Vianna Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho apresenta sequências didáticas interdisciplinares, fundamentadas na aprendizagem significativa, para ensinar Química e Microbiologia na Educação Básica. Desenvolvida em uma Escola Estadual no município de Santarém-PA, a pesquisa possui caráter qualitativo e teve como público estudantes e professores da escola. As ações executadas ocorreram pela explanação teórica com o uso de mídias audiovisuais, experimento de fermentação em laboratório e mapas conceituais, com abordagem conceitual interdisciplinar em um ambiente lúdico e colaborativo. Os mapas conceituais desenvolvidos pelos discentes foram usados como instrumento de construção de dados e avaliação do processo de aprendizagem. A intervenção didática estimulou tanto docentes como os discentes no desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e a manipulação dos conceitos foi aumentada pela representação mapeada dos significados aprendidos, destacando-se, nesse sentido, que a proposta é relevante e inteiramente eficaz, tanto para prover condições pedagógicas, quanto para a aprendizagem significativa, sendo, ainda, um recurso avaliativo dessa temática.