bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creativity in the 4th Industrial Curricula with Artificially Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Zhakata Norwell
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence has become pervasive in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and is challenging traditional notions of what it means to be creative. This paper suggests newer and nuanced ways of conceiving creativity in the 4IR era dominated by artificially intelligent systems that are capable of creative outputs. An integrative literature review of the notion of creativity is done to ascertain what it entails to be creative in the 4IR learning context. The Actor-Network Theory is used to sustain a proposed framework for understanding creativity in the 4IR skills development context. It is argued that skills development in the 4IR is happening in an era where humanity is deeply entangled with intelligent machines. A proposal is put suggesting that creativity in learning contexts should go beyond the confines of the mind contrary to traditional pedagogical thinking. Creative learning in the 4IR should be driven by thought processes, human beings’ inherent crafting capabilities, and the computing power of artificial intelligence. Consequently, the design of learning programmes and skills development in the 4IR should occur in a framework that appreciates the fact that creative abilities have moved past capabilities of the human mind. In addition to mental acts, creativity involves the human beings’ manipulative abilities as well as the computing power of artificially intelligent systems. 4IR researchers are encouraged to develop newer lenses and paradigms of understanding and defining creativity in the 4IRskills development context taking into consideration the pervasiveness and creative capabilities of artificially intelligent technologies. The age of the machines has arrived, much of what is taught, and learned, and the creative approaches used to arrive at solutions is changing together with what it means to be creative. Research effort should be directed towards developing educational methodologies that shift skills development systems, so stuck in traditional pedagogies that prime the human mind as the custodian of creativity, to philosophies and theories that are compatible with the 4IR such as post-humanism and connectivism
Elektro Lif Çekiminde Kullanılan Proteinler ve Yumurta Akı Esaslı Nanolif Üretimi
Authors: GEYSOĞLU Mustafa , CENGİZ ÇALLIOĞLU Funda
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada protein esaslı nanolifler, özellikleri ve uygulama alanları araştırılmış ve yumurta akı proteininden nanolifli yüzey üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Proteinler, bitkisel ve hayvansal olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılırlar. Biyolojik yapıdaki bu proteinler, medikal alan başta olmak üzere gıda endüstrisinde ve kozmetik sanayiinde çeşitli kullanım alanlarına sahiptir. Bu araştırmada, protein esaslı polimerler alt sınıflara ayrılmış, her birinin özellikleri verilmiş, nanolif üretimlerinden bahsedilmiş ve protein esaslı nanoliflerin kullanım alanlarına değinilmiştir. Ayrıca yumurta akı proteini kullanılarak elektro lif çekim teknolojisi ile nanolifli yüzeyler elde edilmiştir. Protein esaslı nanoliflerin biyomedikal alanda genel olarak, ilaç salım sistemleri ve doku mühendisliğinde yapı iskelesi, yara örtüsü, doku jenerasyonu gibi alanlarda kullanımı söz konusudur. Medikal alan dışında ise biyolojik yapısından kaynaklı gıda endüstrisinde de paketleme malzemesi olarak kullanımı söz konusudur. Ayrıca, protein esaslı nanoliflerin filtre malzemesi, biyosensör, katalizör, deri protezleri, ameliyat iplikleri, yumuşak kontakt lensler gibi çok çeşitli kullanım alanları da mevcuttur.
Synkinesis in patients with neuropathy of the facial nerve
Authors: Chekhonatskaya K. Ig. , Zavaliy L. B. , Ramazanov G. R. , Sinkin M. V. , Salikhov K. S. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: November 2022

Facial synkinesis is involuntary contractions of unrelated groups of facial muscles that occur during voluntary movement. The article presents a review of scientific literature of the problem pathological synkinesis as a complication of facial neuropathy. The mechanism of their development and the main theories of occurrence are described. We describе the types (patterns) of synkinesis, methods for theirs detecting, description of clinical manifestations, methods of instrumental diagnostics. We reviewed approaches to treatment and rehabilitation, the main types of conservative and surgical treatment.
Wolf–Hirshhorn syndrome
Authors: Novikova L. B. , Akopyan A. P. , Sharapova K. M. , Latypova R. F. , Faizullina N. M.
Published: November 2022

Wolff–Hirschhorn syndrome is a rare genetic disease associated with a chromosomal aberration of chromosome 4. A feature of the disease is the characteristic appearance of the face, anomalies in the development of internal organs and the skeleton, disorders in the motor, cognitive and psychospeech sphere, convulsive syndrome. Clinical observation presents a description of a 5-year-old 11-month-old child with a rare hereditary pathology — Wolff–Hirschhorn syndrome, who was treated in the neurological department of the Children’s Center for Psychoneurology and Epileptology of the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital in Ufa. The disease was manifested by epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and alalia. Multiple stigmas of dysembryogenesis were determined.
Does Drinking Culture Induce Problematic Alcohol Use? Evidence From a Military Representative Survey in Korea
Authors: Lee Seung-Yup , Lee Hae Kook , Yoon Chang-gyo , Jeon Hankaram , Saunders John B.
Published: November 2022

Objective To examine the relationship between problematic alcohol use and contributing factors among Korean professional soldiers.Methods Cross-sectional data of 2,646 participants collected by 2014 military-wide representative health survey was analyzed. Multivariate logistic models were used to identify contributing factors for problematic alcohol use. Problematic alcohol use was defined by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire as hazardous (8≤ AUDIT <16) or harmful (AUDIT ≥16). Tolerant drinking culture was measured by the Drinking Culture Questionnaire.Results Hazardous alcohol use was found in 56.9% of men and 46.8% of women and harmful use in a further 16.2% of men and 5.4% of women. In univariate analyses, perceived health status, subjective sleep quality, depression, and drinking culture were related to the outcome variable. In multivariate models controlling covariates, the likelihood of problematic alcohol use was significantly increased by man gender, being single, current/past smoking, and tolerant/permissive drinking culture. In those with harmful alcohol consumption, tolerant drinking culture was a particularly powerful influence.Conclusion A substantial proportion of Korean professional soldiers demonstrated problematic alcohol use. Tolerant drinking culture was shown to have a significant influence on problematic alcohol use in the military. Our findings underscore the need for public health policies that address this drinking culture to mitigate negative health consequences and preserve the forces’ combat readiness.
The Effect of Temperament on the Association Between Pre-treatment Anxiety and Chemotherapy-Related Symptoms in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi Jung-In , Jung Sanghyup , Oh Gyu Han , Son Kyung-Lak , Lee Kwang-Min , Jung Dooyoung , Kim Tae-Yong , Im Seock-Ah , Lee Kyung-Hun , Shin Min-Sup , Hahm Bong-Jin , Yeom Chan-Woo
Published: November 2022

Objective Pre-treatment anxiety (PA) before chemotherapy increases complaints of chemotherapy-related symptoms (CRS). The results on the association have been inconsistent, and the effect of temperament remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether PA is a risk factor for CRS and the effect of differing temperaments on CRS.Methods This prospective study comprised 176 breast cancer patients awaiting adjuvant chemotherapy post-surgery. We assessed CRS, PA, and temperament using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the short form of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, respectively. The MDASI was re-administered three weeks after the first chemo-cycle.Results PA showed weak positive correlation with several CRS after the first cycle; no CRS was significantly associated with PA when pre-treatment depressive symptoms and baseline CRS were adjusted in multiple regression analysis. Moderation model analysis indicated that the PA effect on several CRS, including pain, insomnia, anorexia, dry mouth, and vomiting, was moderated by harm avoidance (HA) but not by other temperament dimensions. In particular, PA was positively associated with CRS in patients with low HA.Conclusion The results in patients with low HA indicate that more attention to PA in patients with confident and optimistic temperaments is necessary.
CHEC-UP: A Digital Intervention to Reduce Disparities in Well-Child and Immunization Completion in Community Health
Authors: Mohanty Nivedita
Published: November 2022

Objective

Well-child visits and immunizations among children in the U.S. declined at the pandemic’s onset and vulnerable populations have been disproportionately affected. This pilot projects tested an innovative mechanism to use chatbots to engage caregivers in evidence-based preventive care for children.  

Design 

We used artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots to personalize messages and facilitate appointment scheduling over a five-month period. Chatbots introduced a novel way to connect vulnerable populations to care and challenged traditional convention of provider-patient engagement.

Setting

The pilot study was conducted at a Community Health Center in Chicago, Illinois that serves roughly 10,500 children, and 82% of patients are racial and/or ethnic minorities. 

Participants

We targeted outreach to 200 English and Spanish-speaking families with children 0-17 years of age for proactive outreach using chatbots promoting well-child visit completion and up-to-date immunization status; moreover, a special emphasis was placed on the 0-2 age group as the first two years represent a critical time for primary prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases.

InterventionsThe intervention focused on pre-visit engagement by launching an AI-enabled chatbot to deliver personalized messages and facilitate appointment scheduling via mobile devices. CHEC-UP also provided evidence-based anticipatory guidance prior to an appointment. Coaching in preparation for the visit with trusted information has the potential to educate, improve confidence and promote shared decisions between the parent and provider. Patient experience was measured via surveys deployed via the chatbot.

Main Outcome Measures & Results

Chatbots facilitated a relative increase in well-child visits and immunizations by 27% in the intervention group. Well-child visits and immunizations in the intervention group increased 13% compared to the control group. Survey results and patient interviews indicated a high level of patient satisfaction using the chatbot. In addition to a favorable perception of the chatbots, patients also identified future use cases for chatbots.

Conclusions Engaging patients with chatbots improved vaccination and well-child uptake. Patients were highly satisfied with chatbot engagement. By engaging patients and caregivers, chatbots present the potential to proactively engage patients in care and optimize vaccination uptake and realize one of societies’ greatest public health achievements: decreasing the spread of communicable diseases.
Marco Civil da Internet
Authors: Capone Letícia , Ituassu Arthur , Mannheimer Vivian , Pecoraro Caroline , Lifschitz Sergio
Published: November 2022

O objetivo do artigo é analisar o debate sobre o Marco Civil da Internet no jornalismo e no Congresso Nacional a partir das consultas públicas online promovidas sobre o tema. Foi desenvolvida uma análise de conteúdo sobre 2.095 comentários feitos no fórum que hospedou as consultas, 4.177 tweets, 575 matérias jornalísticas e 175 discursos parlamentares. O intuito foi entender, a partir das consultas, significados compartilhados em diferentes espaços deliberativos. Como resultado, ressaltamos que argumentos desenvolvidos nas consultas tiveram repercussão significativa no jornalismo e no Congresso, o que a nosso ver demonstra o amplo potencial democrático-deliberativo da experiência de consulta analisada.
Associations between Physical Activity Trajectories and Incident Hypertension
Authors: Chen Xu-feng , Wang Cong-ju , Han Li-yuan , Zhang Xin , Shu Chang , Dong Hao-yu , Ma Ya-na , Zhang Bo-ya , Guo Xu , Sun Hong-peng , Cao Gui-zhen
Published: November 2022

Purpose: We aimed to characterize physical activity (PA) trajectories across adulthood and to estimate their association with incident hypertension risk. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted during 2004–2011. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct groups of PA trajectories. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association. Results: A total of 11,162 participants whose PA was repeatedly estimated by self-report from questionnaires two to four times in the CHNS were included in our study. During the 5.4 years of follow-up, 3824 incident hypertension cases were identified. Five distinct PA trajectories were identified in men: light and slight decline, light and gradual decline then sharp rise, light to medium-heavy then decline, medium-heavy and gradual decline, and heavy and sharp decline. Two distinct PA trajectories were identified in women: light and stable, and medium and gradual decline. The PA trajectory of medium-heavy and gradual decline was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension in men, with the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) being 0.80 (0.63, 0.99), 0.74 (0.59, 0.93), 0.76 (0.60, 0.96), and 0.70 (0.55, 0.88) in models 1–4, respectively. Conclusions: Our study identified five distinct long-term PA trajectories in men and two distinct trajectories in women. The PA trajectory of medium-heavy PA in early adulthood followed by gradual decline was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of hypertension in later life in men.
The Dimensionality of Color Perception
Authors: Fdez Javier , Rico Oneris , Witkowski Olaf
Published: November 2022

Chromatics, or the science of color, not only studies the description of colors in terms of the physics of electromagnetic radiations, but also their perception through the human eye and cognitive apparatus. Although in purely physical terms colors may be described by as few as three dimensions – such as hue, saturation, and brightness – an open debate remains about how our cognition maps colors and in how many dimensions they encode the distinction between colors according to our perspective. In this work, we study the trade-off between finding an embedding for color perception with the minimal number of dimensions, while maximizing the discrimination between colors. To do so, we designed an experiment where thirteen subjects reported the similarity between twenty colors randomly generated using the Munsell color system. For each subject, we mapped perceived colors in an n-dimensional space, where distances between two colors reflect how different they are according to the subject. We used a least squares optimization to minimize the difference between subject-reported and mapped distances between colors with that dimensionality. We then repeated the process for values from one to nine dimensions. Our results showed an optimal number of dimensions of three when using a cosine similarity measure, which indicates a resemblance to the way the perception of colors is cognitively encoded from mere physical properties of color maps. We discuss the implications and limitations of these results in the light of color theory, and their relevance in both our understanding of the topology of mental concepts and major applications in fields where color theory is important, including composing color scales for designer tools, color psychology in marketing, color matching in interior architecture, and chromatic treatments in post-production of film-making.
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER DECISIONS: STUDY ON ISLAMIC BANKING SERVICES USERS
Authors: Yurista Dina Yustisi , Muna Ulfa Zahiyatul , Maskudi Maskudi
Published: November 2022

Islamic banks are emerging as an alternative for people who need a banking system that provides sound banking/financial services and complies with sharia principles. This study used primary data by providing questionnaires to Sharia Bank customers with a sample of 40 respondents. In this sample determination method, the author uses convenience sampling techniques. To analyze the subsequent research the authors used factor analysis tools with the help of the analysis of the SPSS Version 16 program. This study aims to determine the factors that influence customer decisions in using Islamic banking services. The results of this study are an analysis of factors that influence customer decisions in using Islamic banking services, namely diverse and attractive product factors, innovative product quality, profit sharing in accordance with sharia and religious principles greatly affects customer decisions in using Islamic banking services.
A Modern mechanism for Generating 3DES Algorithm Keys Based on Rubik's Cube
Authors: Saadi Saadi Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Encryption makes a message incomprehensible to the reader and difficult for unauthorized individuals to access. One of the most serious issues we face is the key, which plays a crucial role in secure communication and is critical to the encryption process. To enhance the level of security, the key of any algorithm must be vital, and the secret key used must be a copy of it at both the sending and receiving ends. This type of encryption is known as symmetric encryption and must be secure. In this paper, the key of one of the symmetric encryption techniques, the 3DES Algorithm, will be reconfigured to make the algorithm more secure, faster, and more robust. The results obtained from this paper also have good resistance against brute force attacks, which makes the system more efficient by applying the improved algorithm where the message is encrypted and decrypted faster, making the attacker difficult to hack the encrypted message. The proposed method has been programmed in VisualBaic.Net 2015.
The Methodical Approaches to the Classification of Ukraine’s Territories for the Recovery and the Regional Economy Administration
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Shevchenko Olga V. , Kuzmynchuk Nataliia V. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: November 2022

The study is aimed at forming the methodological approaches to combining different classifications of territories of Ukraine in order to develop an instrumentarium for their recovery and long-term development. This involves the implementation of the latest approaches to the short-term management of territories and their strategizing. A consideration of the works of scholars demonstrated the lack of a coordinated system of separation of territories (in the presence of several classifications of territories in accordance with the levels of their development) for the needs of socioeconomic recovery and stimulation of development. The paper analyzes various classifications of territories according to the administrative-territorial division, allocated functional types, levels of economic security and distinguishes common features of different classifications of territories (regions and communities) of Ukraine. The goals of further development of territories such as compliance with certain standards of living in the regions are determined, the foundations of economic growth are outlined, the methods of accumulating additional funds in the territories are indicated, the influence of the levels of economic security of the regional economy on the possibilities of stimulating its development is demonstrated. A methodical approach to the grouping of territories by levels of development, needs for recovery, threats to economic security in different regions is formed, on the basis of which a coordinated system of typification of the territories of Ukraine for their socioeconomic recovery and stimulation of development is proposed. It is proved that different territories can belong to different types, which makes the classification flexible, and the goals of stimulating the development of territories remain variable. This underlines the need to use various instruments to enhance the development of territories in different periods. The originality of the publication lies in the mutual combination of different types of classifications of the territories of Ukraine and the development of their grouped classification. This will allow to develop a logical system of measures to manage the regional and local economy on the basis of new principles of their short-term and strategic development, needs for recovery and growth.
Methodology of Assessing the Innovative Potential of Industrial Enterprises in the Digital Economy
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Havrylenko Nataliia H.
Published: November 2022

The article carries out an analytical review of scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the research of the methodology of assessing innovation potential, which showed that it is insufficiently developed, in particular, at the level of an industrial enterprise in the conditions of the digital economy. It has been proven that in the scientific works of both foreign and domestic economists, the task of assessing the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise boils down to the use of one of two possible assessment methods: detailed or diagnostic. The analytical review of available methods conducted in the article showed that the considered methods have certain advantages and disadvantages. The most complete, deep and objective assessment of the innovative potential of a system is possible only with the correct selection of a set of indicators that allow characterizing the innovative potential according to various features and in terms of its constituent components. Thus, the author's methodology of assessing the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise, taking into account the digitalization of the economy, is proposed. As part of the methodology, a system of indicators for analysis was developed, which is subdivided into four projections: production and technological resources, financial and management resources, factors of innovative activity, and indicators of information security. The proposed methodology includes the calculation of generalized indices of the innovative potential of each projection, the integral indicator of the innovative potential of the enterprise for positioning the enterprise according to the level of innovative activity. Such a set of indicators meets the requirements of universality and ease of use, but at the same time provides objective and complete information about the state of the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise, in particular in the context of digitalization.
Juridic Review Consumer Protection Perspective of Copyright Law (Omnibus Law) and Consumer Protection Law
Authors: Bintoro Kusumo Wahyu , Santoso Budi , Setiyono Joko
Published: November 2022

This study aims to analyze the juridical review of consumer protection from the perspective of the Job Creation Act and how the effectiveness of existing dispute resolutions resolves these problems. Technological developments change the order of values ​​and human life, one of which is economic development. The need for a law that can guarantee the rights of the parties, especially the protection of consumers, is increasing rapidly along with increasingly complex problems. However, the regulation of the Job Creation Law which regulates consumer protection, is not yet able to protect consumers. The research method used is normative juridical with descriptive research specifications. Data collection is carried out through documentary studies and literature studies, and data analysis is carried out qualitatively through deductive reasoning analysis. UUPK, as a regulation that specifically regulates consumer protection, was issued in 1999 before the creation of the job creation law. The results of this study are to protect consumers from business actors who intentionally commit fraud; the government establishes an agency to protect consumers and recognizes non-government consumer protection institutions. Besides that, for consumers to make efforts to get their rights, consumers try to get them through general courts or dispute resolution outside the court. The government places more emphasis on efforts that were originally able to protect the rights and obligations of economic actors (consumers, producers, and distributors).
Analisa Perbandingan Sistem Pelat Konvensional dengan Sistem Precast Half Slab dalam Segi Waktu dan Biaya
Authors: Riyadi Ilham , Handayani Elvira , Dony Wari
Published: November 2022

Ada beberapa metode pelaksanaan yang dipakai dalam proyek, yaitu diantaranya metode konvensional dan precast. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas terkait pekerjaan pelat lantai pada proyek Pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Terpadu A Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi sebagai objek penelitian ini. Pada proyek tersebut keseluruhan pekerjaannya menggunakan metode konvensional termasuk pada pekerjaan pelat lantai. Dalam penelitian ini penulis akan mencoba menerapkan metode pekerjaan pelat lantainya menggunakan metode precast half slab yang kemudian nantinya akan dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional dari segi waktu dan biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis perbandingan dari segi biaya dan waktu antara metode konvensional dengan metode precast half slab sekaligus mengkaji metode manakah yang lebih menguntungkan antara metode pelat lantai konvensional dengan metode precast half slab dilihat dari segi biaya dan waktu. Adapun hasil analisa perbandingan biaya dan waktu pengerjaan pelat konvensional dan precast half slab pada proyek Pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Terpadu A Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi diperoleh bahwa penggunaan metode precast half slab lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan metode pelat lantai konvensional dengan selisih biaya sebesar Rp. 38.110.000,00 atau 4,50 % dan selisih waktu pekerjaan selama 21 hari kalender atau 25 %.
ÜNSAL OSKAY, İLETİŞİMİN ABC’Sİ, DER YAYINLARI, İSTANBUL, 2011, S. 148.
Authors: ALTINTOP Mevlüt , BAK Gökhan
Published: November 2022

İletişim eğitiminde önemli bir yer edinen Ünsal Oskay’ın “İletişimin ABC’si” adlı eserine birçok araştırmada yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırmalardan birinde iletişimciler için başucu kaynağı olduğu vurgulanmıştır. “Bu eser iletişim eğitimi için adeta bir başucu kitabı sayılabilecek niteliktedir. Kitap iletişim bilimleri alanında ders gören öğrenciler için iletişim bilimleri alanına bir giriş niteliği taşımaktadır. Oskay bu eserinde iletişim bilimleri ile yeni tanışanlar için temel kavramları yalın bir dille aktarırken, en karmaşık olabilecek iletişimsel süreçleri güncel örnekler ile destekleyerek açıklamaktadır. Kitabın en iyi taraflarından biri de açıklamalı kaynakçasıdır. Oskay bu açıklamalı kaynakçada adeta kitabın içinde küçük bir iletişim bilimleri ansiklopedisi sunmaktadır” (Sepetçi, 2011:165-166). Yapılan literatür taramasında, kitap incelemesi olarak ilgili kitaba yönelik bir inceleme yapılmadığı görülmüş, literatüre katkıda bulunmak amacıyla bu inceleme yapılmıştır.
Liver metastasis in estrogen receptor-positive HER 2-negative breast cancer. Ribociclib as prognosis-changing therapy
Authors: Lubennikova E. V. , Tsareva A. S. , Kuznetsova A. A. , Artamonova E. V.
Published: November 2022

The life expectancy of patients with metastatic luminal HER 2-negative breast cancer has stagnated at the level of 40 months for many years. The introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors into practice has changed the standards of therapy, providing not only a significant increase in the time without progression while maintaining a high quality of life, but also significantly increasing overall survival. The presence of liver metastases determines an extremely unfavorable prognosis, with GH+HER 2-mBC reducing life expectancy to a median of 21 months. Endocrine therapy combined with ribociclib significantly increased overall survival rates on average per year, reaching medians of 36.1 and 46.5 months, depending on the line of treatment. This publication is devoted to liver metastases in breast cancer, in particular in the luminal HER 2-negative subtype. Epidemiological aspects are considered, the possibilities of modern systemic therapy are evaluated. A clinical case of successful therapy with ribociclib in a young patient with liver damage is presented.
Immunophenotypic features of molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Chulkova S. V. , Sholokhova E. N. , Poddubnaya I. V. , Artamonova E. V. , Semyanikhina A. V. , Stylidi I. S. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Currently, immunotropic drugs are used in the modern strategy of cancer treatment. Importance is given to immunological markers of the tumor, which may be associated with the prognosis of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, the study of tumor immunophenotype is one of the leading scientific directions. Of particular interest is the study of the immunophenotypic characteristics of breast cancer depending on its biological subtype.

Purpose. To evaluate the frequency of expression of HLA-I, HLA-II, CD71, MUC1, Pgp170 molecules by breast cancer cells and determine their relationship with the molecular biological subtype of the tumor.

Materials and methods. This study included 120 patients with breast cancer who received treatment at the National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n. a. N. N. Blokhin (Moscow, Russia). Tumor stages II and III prevailed: 56.7 % and 33.4 %, respectively. A moderate degree of differentiation (G2) was more often noted. The luminal subtype was 58.3 % (n = 70), non-luminal – in 41.7 % (n = 50). Immunophenotyping of the primary tumor was performed by immunofluorescence on cryostat sections. The reaction was evaluated using a Zeiss luminescent microscope (Axioskop, Germany). The frequency of expression of HLA-I and class II molecules was studied depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer. The frequency of expression of HLA-I, HLA-II, CD71, MUC1, Pgp170 molecules depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer was studied.

Results. The absence of molecules of the major histocompatibility complex of class I and II on breast cancer cells was found in 89.6 % of the samples. The monomorphic expression was observed in 23.4 % of cases. In the luminal subtype, HLA-II class molecules were expressed more often: in total, mosaic and monomorphic types of reactions were observed in 30.5 % (20/65) of cases. With non-luminal – 20.0 % (10/47) of cases. The frequency of expression of the transferrin receptor is significantly higher in the luminal subtype than in the non-luminal subtype: 85.9 % (n = 5) and 65.2 % (n = 30), p = 0.011. Luminal breast cancer cells express transferrin receptors predominantly monomorphically: 75.4 % (n = 49) vs 43.5 % (n = 20) in the non-luminal subtype, p = 0.003. The MUC 1 expressing monomorphically tumors is higher in luminal cancer: 83.3 % (n = 35) versus 65 % (n = 26) in the non-luminal subtype. Monomorphic expression of Pgp170 is more often observed in luminal breast cancer.

Conclusion. Luminal breast cancer is characterized by unfavorable prognostic immunophenotypic features. In the luminal subtype, expression of CD71 is more often observed, predominantly monomorphic. In the non-luminal subtype, expression of Pgp170 is observed less frequently. No statistically significant differences between the molecular subtypes in terms of the level of expression of HLA-I and class II molecules were found.
Treatment of patients with progression of cerebral medulloblastoma in adults
Authors: Sarycheva M. M. , Vazhenin A. V. , Karabut R. Yu.
Published: November 2022

The aim of this work was to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with progression of primary cerebral medulloblastomas in adults. The study included 10 patients with progression of brain medulloblastomas, who had been treated since 2016 to 2021 treatment was carried out on the basis of the Chelyabinsk Regional Centre for Oncology and Nuclear Medicine. The mean age of patients with relapse of brain medulloblastoma was 27.14 ± 4.30 years (from 23 to 35 years). Males predominated (n = 9) and in one case a relapse was recorded in a woman. The median time to relapse was 56 months (12 to 144 months). According to the method of recurrence treatment, in 3 cases, for recurrence, repeated stereotaxic radiation therapy was performed using the CyberKnife device with ROD = 7 Gy in three fractions up to SOD = 24 Gy, the remaining 7 patients underwent chemotherapy according to the PCV scheme. The median overall survival was 130 months (CI: 59.6–200.3), 1-year overall survival rates were 100 %; 5-year-old – 76.7 %; 7-year-old – 53.7 %. When analyzing the relationship between the size of the residual tumor and survival rates, we found that with a residual tumor size of more than 1.5 cm, the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower compared to a small residual tumor – 54 % and 77 % respectively (p = 0.005). The best indicators of method-specific survival were observed during polychemotherapy: 27 months compared to 21 months when performing stereotactic radiation therapy (p = 0.782).
Tantalum and magnesium nanoparticles enhance the biomimetic properties and osteo-angiogenic effects of PCL membranes
Authors: Nan Jiangyu , Liu Wenbin , Zhang Kai , Sun Yan , Hu Yihe , Lei Pengfei
Published: November 2022

Segmental bone defects, accompanied by periosteum stripping or injury, usually lead to delayed bone union or nonunion, which have challenged orthopedic surgeons. The periosteum, which provides essential blood supply and initial stem cells for bone tissue, plays an important role in the repair of bone defects. The reconstruction of the destroyed periosteum has attracted the attention of researchers exploring more satisfactory therapies to repair bone defects. However, periosteum-like biomaterials have yet to meet the clinical requirements and resolve this challenging problem. In this study, we manufactured a nanofiber periosteum replacement based on poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), in which tantalum nanoparticles (TaNPs) and nanoscale magnesium oxide (MgO) were introduced to enhance its osteogenic and angiogenic ability. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that the PCL/Ta/MgO periosteum replacement, with excellent cytocompatibility, promoted the proliferation of both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Furthermore, the incorporation of TaNPs and nano-MgO synergistically enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the angiogenic properties of EPCs. Similarly, the results of in vivo experiments from subcutaneous implantation and critical-sized calvarial defect models showed that the PCL/Ta/MgO periosteum replacement combined the osteogenesis and angiogenesis abilities, promoting vascularized bone formation to repair critical-sized calvarial defects. The results of our study suggest that the strategy of stimulating repairing bone defects can be achieved with the periosteum repaired in situ and that the proposed periosteum replacement can act as a bioactive medium to accelerate bone healing.
The last 25 years of research on bioflocculants for kaolin flocculation with recent trends and technical challenges for the future
Authors: Bahniuk Markian S. , Alidina Fawad , Tan Xiaoli , Unsworth Larry D.
Published: November 2022

The generation of kaolin-containing wastewater is an inevitable consequence in a number of industries including mining, wastewater treatment, and bitumen processing. In some cases, the production of kaolin tailings waste during the production of bitumen or phosphate is as high as 3 times greater than the actual produced product. The existing inventory of nearly five billion barrels of oil sands tailings alone represents a massive storage and reclamation challenge, as well as a significant economic and environmental liability. Current reclamation options like inorganic coagulants and organic synthetic polymers may settle kaolin effectively, but may themselves pose an additional environmental hazard. Bioflocculants are an emerging alternative, given the inherent safety and biodegradability of their bio-based compositions. This review summarizes the different research attempts towards a better bioflocculant of kaolin, with a focus on the bioflocculant source, composition, and effective flocculating conditions. Bacillus bacteria were the most prevalent single species for bioflocculant production, with wastewater also hosting a large number of bioflocculant-producing microorganisms while serving as an inexpensive nutrient. Effective kaolin flocculation could be obtained over a broad range of pH values (1–12) and temperatures (5–95°C). Uronic acid and glutamic acid were predominant sugars and amino acids, respectively, in a number of effective bioflocculants, potentially due to their structural and charge similarities to effective synthetic polymers like polyacrylamide. Overall, these results demonstrate that bioflocculants can be produced from a wide range of microorganisms, can be composed of polysaccharides, protein or glycoproteins and can serve as effective treatment options for kaolin. In some cases, the next obstacle to their wide-spread application is scaling to industrially relevant volumes and their deployment strategies.
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Qian , Lv Jiagao , Lin Li
Published: November 2022

Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are important intracellular organelles. The sites that mitochondrial and ER are closely related in structure and function are called Mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs are involved in a variety of biological processes, including calcium signaling, lipid synthesis and transport, autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, and inflammation. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a vital organ damage caused by sepsis, which is closely associated with mitochondrial and ER dysfunction. Growing evidence strongly supports the role of MERCs in the pathogenesis of SIMD. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of MERCs and the roles of MERCs proteins in SIMD.
Mo@ZIF-8 nanozyme preparation and its antibacterial property evaluation
Authors: Lian Zheng , Lu Chunqing , Zhu Jiangqi , Zhang Xining , Wu Ting , Xiong Youlin , Sun Zhiyi , Yang Rong
Published: November 2022

Types of nanozymes can produce free radicals and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to serve as broad spectrum antibacterial materials. Developing nanozyme-based antibacterial materials with good biocompatibility exhibits promising application prospects. In this study, we doped Mo to ZIF-8 (both components have good biocompatibility) to prepare a new nanozyme, Mo@ZIF-8, which can produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) triggered by a low dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), exhibiting effective antibacterial capability against both Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). This work provides a reference for the design of antibacterial nanozymes with good biocompatibility.
Impact of multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial bacteraemia on infected pancreatic necrosis patients
Authors: Wu Di , Jia Yan , Cai Wenhao , Huang Yilin , Kattakayam Arjun , Latawiec Diane , Sutton Robert , Peng Jie
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MDR-GNB) bacteraemia poses a serious threat to patients in hospital. Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) patients are a vulnerable population to infectious complications during hospitalization. This study aims to evaluate the impact of MDR Gram-negative bacteraemia on IPN patients.

Methods

A case–control study was performed with data collected from 1 January 2016 to 1 July 2022 in a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital. Clinical data of the IPN patients with MDR-GNB bacteraemia were analyzed and compared to those of a matched control group without MDR-GNB bacteraemia (case–control ratio of 1:2). Comparisons were performed between with/without MDR-GNB bacteraemia and different severities of acute pancreatitis (AP). Independent predictors of overall mortality were identified via univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.

Results

MDR-GNB bacteraemia was related to a higher mortality rate (62.5% vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001). Severe AP combined with MDR-GNB bacteraemia further increased mortality up to 81.3% (p = 0.025). MDR-GNB bacteraemia (odds ratio (OR) = 8.976, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.805 –44.620, p = 0.007) and severe AP (OR = 9.414, 95% CI = 1.742 –50.873, p = 0.009) were independent predictors of overall mortality. MDR- Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common causative pathogen.

Conclusion

A higher mortality rate in IPN patients was related to MDR-GNB bacteraemia and further increased in severe AP patients combined with MDR-GNB bacteraemia.
Host defense against the infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae: New strategy to kill the bacterium in the era of antibiotics?
Authors: Liang Zihan , Wang Yiyao , Lai Yixiang , Zhang Jingyi , Yin Lanlan , Yu Xiang , Zhou Yongqin , Li Xinzhi , Song Yinhong
Published: November 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a typical gram-negative iatrogenic bacterium that often causes bacteremia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection particularly among those with low immunity. Although antibiotics is the cornerstone of anti-infections, the clinical efficacy of β-lactamase and carbapenems drugs has been weakened due to the emergence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Recent studies have demonstrated that host defense plays a critical role in killing K. pneumoniae. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immunity mechanisms against K. pneumoniae, including mechanical barrier, innate immune cells, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, providing a theoretical basis and the new strategy for the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae through improving host immunity.
Craftland is Mathland: Mathematical insight and the generative role of fiber crafts in maker education
Authors: Peppler Kylie , Keune Anna , Thompson Naomi , Saxena Pooja
Published: November 2022

There is tremendous excitement around makerspaces for deepening and enriching curricula across subjects, as well as engaging traditionally marginalized learners in new ways. To address the lack of translation of maker education projects to mathematics learning, we propose that educators aspire to create a “Mathland” when designing maker educational activities. Mathlands are environments envisioned by Seymour Papert where mathematics are learned alongside ways of doing mathematics in self-selected contexts, leading to an epistemology and natural language of mathematics that pervades all experiences. To imagine a Mathland where women’s participation in mathematics is lifelong and lifewide, we explore traditionally female-dominated fiber crafts where long-term engagement, mathematics, and heritage intersect. As part of a longitudinal embedded multi-year ethnographic study, we conducted cohort analyses as well as grounded, iterative, and thematic coding of semi-structured interview data, augmented with crafting artifacts from 65 adult fiber crafters. Using qualitative analytical techniques, we asked: How does math occur in craft? How do crafters observe the intersection between math and craft in process? Fiber crafts were found to present a “Mathland,” a lifelong context for immersive math engagement. We present crafters’ math insights in the craft, as well as multiple aspects of the crafts and surrounding communities that supported the crafters in sustaining their engagement with mathematics throughout their lifetime. This study has implications for the design of inclusive and lifelong maker educational environments for mathematics learning.
Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and DKK-1, correlate with pain and bone pathology in patients with Gaucher disease
Authors: Ivanova Margarita M. , Dao Julia , Kasaci Neil , Friedman Andrew , Noll Lauren , Goker-Alpan Ozlem
Published: November 2022

Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have progressive bone involvement that clinically presents with debilitating bone pain, structural bone changes, bone marrow infiltration (BMI), Erlenmeyer (EM) flask deformity, and osteoporosis. Pain is referred by the majority of GD patients and continues to persist despite the type of therapy. The pain in GD is described as chronic deep penetrating pain; however, sometimes, patients experience severe acute pain. The source of bone pain is mainly debated as nociceptive pain secondary to bone pathology or neuropathic or inflammatory origins. Osteocytes constitute a significant source of secreted molecules that coordinate bone remodeling. Osteocyte markers, sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), inactivate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and lead to the inhibition of bone formation. Thus, circulated sclerostin and DKK-1 are potential biomarkers of skeletal abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of sclerostin and DKK-1 in patients with GD and their correlation with clinical bone pathology parameters: pain, bone mineral density (BMD), and EM deformity. Thirty-nine patients with GD were classified into cohorts based on the presence and severity of bone manifestations. The serum levels of sclerostin and DKK-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The highest level of sclerostin was measured in GD patients with pain, BMI, and EM deformity. The multiparameter analysis demonstrated that 95% of GD patients with pain, BMI, and EM deformity had increased levels of sclerostin. The majority of patients with elevated sclerostin also have osteopenia or osteoporosis. Moreover, circulating sclerostin level increase with age, and GD patients have elevated sclerostin levels when compared with healthy control from the same age group. Pearson’s linear correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum DKK-1 and sclerostin in healthy controls and GD patients with normal bone mineral density. However, the balance between sclerostin and DKK-1 waned in GD patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. In conclusion, the osteocyte marker, sclerostin, when elevated, is associated with bone pain, BMI, and EM flask deformity in GD patients. The altered sclerostin/DKK-1 ratio correlates with the reduction of bone mineral density. These data confirm that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in GD-associated bone disease. Sclerostin and bone pain could be used as biomarkers to assess patients with a high risk of BMI and EM flask deformities.