bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How is perception of time associated with cognitive functioning? The relationship between time perspective and executive control
Authors: Witowska Joanna , Zajenkowski Marcin
Published: March 2018

The aim of the present studies was to examine the relationship between time perspective and executive control. In two studies, executive control was assessed with tasks that require deliberate inhibition of automatic responses (antisaccade and go/no-go) and time perspective was assessed with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Additionally, in the first study, we controlled for intelligence and personality, whereas, in the second study, stress states were measured during task performance. Study 1 ( N = 233) showed that Present Fatalism was negatively correlated with the antisaccade task. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that the association between Present Fatalism and executive control was partly due to their shared variance with fluid intelligence. Study 2 ( N = 128) explored the potential mediating role of test-related stress states in the relationship between executive control and time perspective. We found that different stress states mediated the relation between cognitive performance and time perspective. Specifically, task engagement mediated the relationship between Present Fatalism and inhibition, whereas for the connection between Past Negative and inhibition, distress was crucial. The results provide new insights on cognitive functioning in the context of the time perspective theory.
The Conduct of Operations: Glubb Pasha, the Arab Legion, and the First Arab–Israeli War, 1948–49
Authors: Hughes Matthew
Published: March 2018

The recent accession by St Antony’s College Oxford of papers from British army officer John Bagot Glubb, commander of Transjordan’s Arab Legion, affords a remarkable opportunity to test and reimagine significant debates surrounding the first Arab–Israeli war. Glubb’s papers establish two points. First, that military operational necessity best explains the actions of the Arab Legion in 1948 and that this was more important than the political objective by Transjordan and Israel to collude to divide Palestine. Second, the papers offer a new, augmented military history of the war taking into account daunting command and logistical challenges faced by the Legion.
Rethinking necessity and best interests in New Zealand mental capacity law
Authors: Douglass Alison
Published: March 2018

This article considers the hard-earned lessons that New Zealand might draw from developments in English mental capacity law that should inform a comprehensive review of New Zealand’s equivalent adult guardianship legislation, the Protection of Personal and Property Rights Act 1988. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the shift towards supported decision-making, requires State parties to rethink domestic laws and engage with the key concepts of this important human rights convention. The most significant development under the Mental Capacity Act (England and Wales) 2005 is the identification of the so-called ‘Bournewood gap’ and the realization that the common law doctrine of necessity provides inadequate procedural safeguards for people with impaired capacity who are unable to consent or object to their healthcare and living arrangements. In addition, the ‘best interests’ standard for decision-making in English law has evolved with a greater emphasis on support for the exercise of a person’s legal capacity into this standard. This article argues that these developments should influence reform of New Zealand’s mental capacity law.
Trade unions and the sovereign power of the state. A comparative analysis of employer offensives in the Danish and Irish public sectors
Authors: Szabó Imre
Published: March 2018

The changing composition of trade unions has far-reaching consequences for the relationship between unions and the polity. In particular, the concentration of trade union membership in the public sector – a process that has been taking place in most EU countries – implies a shift away from collective agreements towards legislation as the dominant way of managing employment relations. Pluralist models of collective bargaining assume a neutral, mediating role of the state, but in the public sector the state by definition acts as an employer as well. The state is equipped with the sovereign power to circumvent traditional bargaining agreements and force its will upon trade unions through legislation. The article investigates major bargaining disputes in Europe after 2008, focusing on two countries (Ireland and Denmark) that have different political environments and that, although affected differently by the financial crisis, underwent similar government interventions in labour relations. The findings suggest that a shift towards legislation is a tendency that affects all types of industrial relations systems.
Do clinicians assess patients’ religiousness? An audit of an aged psychiatry community team
Authors: Payman Vahid , Lim Zheng Jie
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To determine the frequency and quality of religious history taking of patients by clinicians working in an old age psychiatry service.

Methods:

A retrospective audit of 80 randomised patient files from the Koropiko Mental Health Services for Older People (MHSOP) in Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Results:

A total of 66 clinical records were available for analysis. A religious history was taken in 33/66 (50%) patients. However, when such histories were evaluated using the FICA assessment tool, only 10/33 (30.3%) histories contained detailed information regarding the patient’s religiousness.

Conclusions:

The infrequency and low quality of religious histories discovered in this audit suggest that clinicians need more training in taking a religious history from patients.
Early Identification of Barriers and Facilitators to Self-Management Behaviors in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease to Minimize Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Complications
Authors: Schulz Ginny L. , Foster Rebecca H. , Kennedy Lang Valerie , Towerman Alison , Shenoy Shalini , Lauer Brea-Anne , Molzon Elizabeth , Holtmann Megan
Published: March 2018

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an elective, curative treatment option for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Transplant requires extensive self-management behaviors to be successful. The purpose of this study was to describe potential barriers and facilitators to self-management in a group of pediatric patients with SCD prior to HCT and their medical outcomes post-HCT. A multiple case study approach was used to describe 4 pairs of transplant recipients grouped by age, donor type, and donor source. Each pair included a case with minimal and increased post-HCT complications. Complications included readmissions, graft-versus-host disease, systemic infections, and survival in the first year post-HCT. Variables were retrospectively collected and content analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators within and across pairs using existing self-management frameworks. While higher risk transplants experienced more complications, 3 of the 4 cases with increased complications had a larger number of modifiable barriers identified compared with those experiencing minimal complications. At least one modifiable barrier and multiple facilitators were identified in all cases. A standardized psychosocial assessment process with an established plan to mitigate barriers and promote facilitators to self-management is essential to optimize outcomes in patients with SCD undergoing elective HCT.
Teaching History With Custom-Built Board Games
Authors: Hoy Benjamin
Published: March 2018

Purpose. This article investigated the potential of a custom-built board game as a means to teach historical empathy, improve class participation, and to improve student understanding of the limitations of archival collections.

Method. Participant behavior as well as verbal and written feedback were collected during a pilot study of POLICING THE SOUND. A total of 88 undergraduate and graduate participants from History and Indigenous Studies took part during the pilot study.

Results. Student participation and understanding of historical context improved during the game. While graduate and undergraduate students showed similarity in their enjoyment of the game and their belief that it made historical arguments, the curricular differences in graduate and undergraduate programs influenced how each group approached the game.

Conclusion. Participant feedback, facilitator observation, and external observation indicate that groups of players can resolve confusion more efficiently than individual players can, time constrained decision-making may help maintain student engagement, an inability to win does not necessarily cause disengagement in short educational games, and that a structured debrief is important in achieving educational goals even in custom-built games.
The Dominant Obesity Discourse Versus Children’s Conceptualizations of Health: A Comparison Through Dialogue and Drawings
Authors: Bhagat Krishna , Howard Donna E.
Published: March 2018

The emphasis on childhood obesity reduction has been attributed to the dominant obesity discourse. However, some researchers argue that this discourse may be ineffective and even harmful for children. From a post-structuralist perspective, the dominant obesity discourse has the power to shape children’s subjectivities, though subjectivities may also be influenced by personal experiences and other knowledge about bodies and health. There is limited research which explores how children’s conceptualizations of health are informed by the dominant obesity discourse. To address this knowledge gap, qualitative data were collected from 8- to 11-year-old children ( n = 29) regarding their conceptualizations of health, healthy bodies, and health practices. Results suggest that children’s conceptualizations reflected arguments embedded within the dominant obesity discourse, but at times, also contradicted or deviated from it. Study findings can be applied toward children’s health promotion programming to offer a more holistic and inclusive perspective on health and well-being.
Factors Affecting Sexual History Taking in a Health Center Serving Homeless Persons
Authors: Sowicz Timothy Joseph , Bradway Christine K.
Published: March 2018

Low rates of documentation of sexual histories have been reported and research on sexual history taking (SHT) has focused on the content of, barriers to collecting, and interventions to improve documentation of sexual histories. Absent from this literature is an understanding of the contextual factors affecting SHT. To address this gap, a focused ethnography of one health center was conducted. Data were collected through observations of health care encounters and interviews with health care providers (HCPs). No SHT was observed and this was likely influenced by patients’ characteristics, communication between patients and HCPs, the prioritization of patients’ basic needs, and time constraints imposed upon encounters. Given that the health center studied serves patients experiencing homelessness, behavioral health concerns, and opioid use disorder, findings illuminate areas for future inquiry into a patient population affected by social as well as physiologic determinants of health and potentially at high risk for adverse sexual health outcomes.
Scaffolded Academic Conversations: Access to 21st-Century Collaboration and Communication Skills
Authors: Spies Tracy G. , Xu Yunying
Published: March 2018

Communication and collaboration are essential components of 21st-century learning skills. In response, national standards have increased attention on these competencies through rigorous speaking and listening requirements. Mastery of these standards is contingent on academic oral language development. Oral language not only is the foundation for communication and collaboration skills, but also plays a prominent role in students’ academic achievement. For students with disabilities, these standards pose specific challenges as they are often characterized as having poor oral language skills. The challenges are further compounded for students who are also learning English. Effective language instruction for students who are learning English includes multiple opportunities for lengthy interactions and incorporates instructional scaffolds to support language delays students with disabilities may have. This article presents an instructional sequence to scaffold academic conversations for students with disabilities who are learning English, leading toward grade-level speaking standards.
Improved Early Cleft Lip and Palate Complications at a Surgery Specialty Center in the Developing World
Authors: Park Eugene , Deshpande Gaurav , Schonmeyr Bjorn , Restrepo Carolina , Campbell Alex
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To evaluate complication rates following cleft lip and cleft palate repairs during the transition from mission-based care to center-based care in a developing region.

Patients and Design:

We performed a retrospective review of 3419 patients who underwent cleft lip repair and 1728 patients who underwent cleft palate repair in Guwahati, India between December 2010 and February 2014. Of those who underwent cleft lip repair, 654 were treated during a surgical mission and 2765 were treated at a permanent center. Of those who underwent cleft palate repair, 236 were treated during a surgical mission and 1491 were treated at a permanent center.

Setting:

Two large surgical missions to Guwahati, India, and the Guwahati Comprehensive Cleft Care Center (GCCCC) in Assam, India.

Main Outcome Measure:

Overall complication rates following cleft lip and cleft palate repair.

Results:

Overall complication rates following cleft lip repair were 13.2% for the first mission, 6.7% for the second mission, and 4.0% at GCCCC. Overall complication rates following cleft palate repair were 28.0% for the first mission, 30.0% for the second mission, and 15.8% at GCCCC. Complication rates following cleft palate repair by the subset of surgeons permanently based at GCCCC (7.2%) were lower than visiting surgeons ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Our findings support the notion that transitioning from a mission-based model to a permanent facility-based model of cleft care delivery in the developing world can lead to decreased complication rates.
Opioid Sparing in Cleft Palate Surgery
Authors: Carr Logan , Gray Megan , Morrow Brad , Brgoch Morgan , Mackay Donald , Samson Thomas
Published: March 2018

Objective:

This study aimed to determine whether intraoperative acetaminophen was able to decrease opioid consumption, pain scores, and length of stay while increasing oral intake in cleft palate surgery.

Design/Setting/Patients:

One hundred consecutive patients with cleft palate who underwent a von Langenbeck or 2-flap palatoplasty and intravelar veloplasty at a tertiary medical center by the 2 senior authors from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed.

Interventions:

Three intraoperative treatment groups were analyzed: intravenous (IV) acetaminophen, per rectal (PR) acetaminophen, and no acetaminophen. All patients received long-acting local anesthesia infiltration before incision. Additionally, all patients were admitted overnight and given weight-based per oral (PO) acetaminophen and oxycodone and IV morphine as needed based on pain scores.

Outcomes Measured:

The study outcomes included pain scores, opioid requirement, length of stay, and oral intake.

Results:

The treatment groups were comprised of 40 patients who received IV acetaminophen, 22 PR acetaminophen, and 35 none. Concerning demographic data, there was no statistical difference between treatment groups. There was no statistically significant difference for opioid intake, although both IV and PR acetaminophen groups had decreased pain scores ( P = .029). There was no difference in oral intake ( P = .13) or length of stay ( P = .31) between treatment groups.

Conclusion:

In this study, intraoperative administration of acetaminophen was associated with decreased pain scores, but no opioid-sparing effect. As other studies have shown an opioid-sparing effect with postoperative acetaminophen, we recommend withholding the intraoperative dose and beginning therapy in the immediate postoperative period.
Diagnosis and Innovative Multidisciplinary Management of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome
Authors: Dulong Anand , Bornert Fabien , Gros Catherine Isabelle , Garnier Jean-Francois , Van Bellinghen Xavier , Fioretti Florence , Lutz Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2018

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare congenital disorder that mainly affects head and face development. We described the different patterns of the disease throughout the whole growth period and provided innovative treatment steps. Indeed, early genioplasty and dental implantation before growth completion were performed. These steps allowed to improve facial growth and to provide orthodontic anchorage, respectively. Complementary orthognathic surgery achieved satisfactory occlusion and refined aesthetics. We believe such an approach could be considered as a relevant treatment modality to complete multidisciplinary care in patients with HSS.
A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Residents’ Trust in Police in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shun-Yung Kevin , Sun Ivan Y.
Published: March 2018

This study aims to examine residents’ attitude toward the police, with an empirical assessment of survey data collected from both urban and rural areas of Taiwan, a Chinese society that has successfully transformed from authoritarianism to democracy. Prior studies using samples from different Chinese societies tend to find that the assessment of the police is unidimensional. Using procedural justice as the guiding theoretical framework, the present study examines whether urban and rural residents express different levels of trust in police on procedural- and outcome-based measures. Findings revealed that urban residents had a lower level of trust in police on the outcome-based performance than their rural counterparts, while no difference was found in procedural-based dimension. In addition, Taiwanese attitudes toward the police were substantially influenced by media coverage of police misconducts and political ideology. This article concluded with discussions of plausible explanations and policy implications.
Terrorist Attacks Targeting Police, 1998–2010: Exploring Heavily Hit Countries
Authors: Gibbs Jennifer C.
Published: March 2018

With over 14% of all terrorist attacks since 1970 targeting law enforcement, terrorist attacks on police is a problem in need of scholarly attention. Police serve as symbolic targets of the government and strategic targets of terrorist attacks, yet we know little about such attacks. This article explores terrorist attacks targeting police in heavily hit countries, drawing from the Global Terrorism Database. While Iraq and India have the most terrorist attacks targeting police, these countries also have a high number of terrorist attacks against all targets. To account for the total number of terrorist attacks, proportions are explored, finding Macedonia, Russia, and Georgia have the highest proportions of terrorist attacks targeting police between 1998 and 2010. A common thread among these heavily hit countries is a rapidly changing governing regime coupled with societal schism—in other words, these countries seem to share low governmental legitimacy. Implications for future research are discussed.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Where Are We Now?
Authors: D’Angelo Ryan G. , McGiness Thaddeus , Waite Laura H.
Published: March 2018

Objective: To synthesize the literature and provide guidance to practitioners regarding double therapy (DT) and triple therapy (TT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data Sources: PubMed and MEDLINE (January 2000 to February 2018) were searched using the following terms: atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, anticoagulation, dual-antiplatelet therapy, clopidogrel, aspirin, ticagrelor, prasugrel, and triple therapy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The results included randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. Each study was reported based on study design, population, intervention, comparator, and key cardiovascular (CV) and bleeding outcomes. Data Synthesis: A total of 15 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies evaluating DT and TT utilized clopidogrel and warfarin as components of the regimen, although there are emerging data with newer agents. Evidence purporting DT regimens to be equally effective in preventing CV events and improved safety profiles compared with TT regimens included populations with relatively low risk for recurrent CV events, and many of these studies were observational in nature. Overall, current evidence as well as American and European guidelines support the use of TT in patients with AF who require PCI for the least possible amount of time, depending on patient-specific factors involving bleeding and thrombosis. Conclusions: In the majority of patients with AF who require PCI, TT should be used for the shortest period of time possible. DT regimens may be used in patients requiring PCI who have low risk for thrombosis and/or high bleeding risk.
Evaluation of a Distance Learning Curriculum for Interprofessional Quality Improvement Leaders
Authors: Gregory Megan E. , Bryan Jennifer L. , Hysong Sylvia J. , Kusters Isabelle S. , Miltner Rebecca S. , Stewart Diana E. , Polacek Natalie , Woodard LeChauncy D. , Anderson Jane , Naik Aanand D. , Godwin Kyler M.
Published: March 2018

As health care systems move toward value-based care, training future leaders in quality improvement (QI) is essential. Web-based training allows for broad dissemination of QI knowledge to geographically distributed learners. The authors conducted a longitudinal evaluation of a structured, synchronous web-based, advanced QI curriculum that facilitated engagement and real-time feedback. Learners (n = 54) were satisfied (overall satisfaction; M = 3.31/4.00), and there were improvements in cognitive (immediate QI knowledge tests; P = .02), affective (self-efficacy of QI skills; P < .001), and skill-based learning (Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool; P < .001). There was significant improvement in affective transfer (interprofessional attitudes on the job; p < .01) but no significant change on cognitive (distal QI knowledge test; P = .91), or skill-based transfer (self-reported interprofessional collaboration job skills; P = .23). The findings suggest that this model can be effective to train geographically distributed future QI leaders.
Factor Structure of the CVLT-II Short Form: Evidence From a Trauma-Exposed Sample
Authors: Carlew Anne R. , Schuler Keke L. , Ruggero Camilo J. , Callahan Jennifer L. , Luft Benjamin J. , Kotov Roman
Published: March 2018

The current study sought to investigate the factor structure of the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (CVLT-II) Short Form in a trauma-exposed sample. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test four competing models proposed by Donders in a study investigating the CVLT-II Standard Form. Consistent with Donders, a four-factor model consisting of Attention Span, Learning Efficiency, Delayed Memory, and Inaccurate Memory was supported. These results confirm the latent structure of the CVLT-II holds for the CVLT-II in its Short Form as well as in a trauma-exposed sample. Findings are particularly important, given previous research indicating attention span and learning efficiency may underpin memory complaints in trauma-exposed individuals.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Aspects of Adults With Hemophilia in Iran
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Sharif Farkhondeh , Molazem Zahra , Khair Kate , von Mackensen Sylvia
Published: March 2018

Hemophilia causes bleeding that may affect patients’ psychological aspects and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the impact of psychological aspects and pain on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult patients with hemophilia. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 patients with hemophilia. Data were collected using hemophilia-specific quality of life, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and pain visual analogue scales. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficients, analysis of covariance, and regression analysis. The results showed that 71.7% of patients with hemophilia experienced pain on the study day. The mean score of HRQoL of patients with hemophilia was 51.09 (standard deviation = 19.37). Moreover, 57.4%, 64.6%, and 44.6% of the patients had mild to severe depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In addition, a significant association was observed between HRQoL and depression, anxiety, and severity of pain. In the regression model, 48% of changes in HRQOL were explained by the study variables, with the severity of pain and depression being significant predictors. Therefore, attention should be paid to these aspects to improve patients’ quality of life and psychosocial health.
Fiscal Secession: An Analysis of Special Assessment Financing in California
Authors: McCubbins Mathew D. , Seljan Ellen C.
Published: March 2018

Special assessments on property are a fiscal innovation employed by many local governments. Unable to raise property taxes due to limitations, localities have turned to these charges as an alternative method to fund local services. In this article, we seek to explain differential levels of special assessment financing through the analysis of property tax records of a sample of single-family homes in California. We theorize that special assessments, as opposed to other forms of taxation, will be used when residents hold anti-redistributive preferences. We show that annual assessment payments are correlated with the ethnic diversity and median family incomes of the census places within which they are located. We also show that assessments with narrow geographic ranges are levied extensively on expensive homes in poorer cities. We discuss the implications of special assessments for progressive taxation and the potential for fiscal secession within U.S. cities.
Financial impact of oral chemotherapy wastage on society and the patient
Authors: Monga Varun , Meyer Chenise , Vakiner Brandon , Clamon Gerald
Published: March 2018

Background

Targeted oral agents are now increasingly being utilized in cancer treatment, but are expensive. Changing the dose of these medications due to toxicity or discontinuation secondary to disease progression or death causes waste from unused medication. Limiting waste is an important goal, as waste has a substantial financial impact on patients and insurance companies.

Methods

Patients started on oral targeted agents' sunitinib, everolimus, axitinib, or vemurafenib between January 2012 and February 2015 who obtained their medications at Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center specialty pharmacy were included in the analysis. We acquired dispensing data retrospectively for each of the agents and reviewed patient charts. Wasted tablets/capsules were calculated from their last fill to the dates of stoppage or dose adjustment. The amount associated with the wastage was calculated using the average wholesale price. Repository drug usage data during the same time period was obtained.

Results

Eighty-eight patients had their prescriptions filled at Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center during the study time period. Waste occurred in 41% of all patients with primary reasons attributed to cancer progression in 25 patients, death in five patients, toxicity in five patients and increase in dosage of targeted therapy in two patients. A total of 1179 tablets or capsules were wasted from all causes, priced at a total of $248,595.69.

Conclusion

Oral chemotherapy medications are associated with wastage, which is a significant financial burden to society. Progression of disease emerged as the single most important factor accounting for wastage. Novel ideas are needed to prevent wastage, thereby reducing healthcare costs.
Parent Psychological Distress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Within the Context of the Social Ecological Model: A Scoping Review
Authors: Loewenstein Kristy
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents are at risk for psychological distress and impaired mental health, and statistics related to parent psychological distress vary. OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope of literature regarding the mental health and psychosocial well-being of parents in the NICU. DESIGN: A scoping review within the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the SEM was undertaken to answer, “What factors contribute to parent’s mental health in the NICU?” A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS: Common socioeconomic factors and infant and parent characteristics may place parents at a greater risk for developing distress. History of mental illness, family cohesion, birth trauma, altered parenting role, gestational age, birth weight, and severity of prematurity/illness emerged as themes. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to provide a standard for the screening and assessment of parents’ mental health and psychosocial well-being during a NICU hospitalization. The experiences of nonbirth parents in the NICU should be explored to examine the effects of the hospitalization on all types of parents.
Toward a Methodology for Analyzing Visual Rhetoric in Corporate Reports
Authors: Greenwood Michelle , Jack Gavin , Haylock Brad
Published: March 2018

This article presents a methodology that organizational scholars can use to analyze, explain, and critically interpret the role of visual rhetoric in organizational communications. Corporations invest heavily in the visual design of organizational communications, including corporate reports, recognizing the distinctive role and benefits of visual imagery, as well as the rhetorical function of these documents. Current analytical approaches to visual rhetoric are either predominantly theoretical (with little structured guidance) or procedural (with little acknowledgment of important epistemic questions). This leaves a need for a methodology that combines a clear theoretical framework with explicit guidance on how to analyze visual rhetoric. This article bridges this analytic gap by offering a methodology that integrates a theoretical foundation of a priori analytical categories informed by selected writings of the French cultural theorist Roland Barthes with three abductively derived phases (categorical analysis, content analysis, rhetorical analysis) for analysis of visual design of corporate reports. We apply this methodology in an examination of a Qantas Annual Review and articulate our contributions to the field of organizational research methods.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Lodging-Context Research From 1990 to 2016
Authors: Okumus Fevzi , Köseoglu Mehmet Ali , Putra Eka Diraksa , Dogan Ismail Cagri , Yildiz Mehmet
Published: March 2018

This study evaluates lodging-context research by addressing the trend in the number of journal publications and the most prolific contributors from 1990 to 2016. To this end, data were collected from 16 leading academic journals. The study results suggest that the number of lodging-context articles from 1990 to 2016 increased significantly and that among the 16 leading journals analyzed, the International Journal of Hospitality Management and the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management were the two most productive journals in publishing lodging-context–related articles. Contributors were identified according to author, institution, and country. Regarding lodging operations classifications, hotels appeared to be the most researched organizations while marketing was found to be the most studied research topic, followed by strategic management. This is the first study offering a bibliometric analysis of lodging-context research in our field.
The Formation of Party Preference in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: How and When Does It Occur in the Multiparty Context of the Netherlands?
Authors: Rekker Roderik , Keijsers Loes , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim
Published: March 2018

This cohort-sequential panel study on Dutch youths ( N = 3394) and their parents examined the formation of party preference between age 12 and 25. Specifically, it aimed to pinpoint the most formative component and age in a multiparty context. Opinionation, stability and correlates were examined for three components of party preference: party identification, voting intention and left-right identification. Results revealed that most youths formed a preference at some point during their early life. The 6-year stability of party preference was already substantial during early adolescence and increased until early adulthood. Party preference became increasingly related to youths’ social characteristics and issue attitudes with age, but parents remained important. Whereas studies from two-party systems emphasized the importance of party identification, this study suggested that left-right identification may instead predominate the early formation, intergenerational transmission and life-course stability of party preference in the Netherlands. The most formative period was around age 18.
Treatment outcomes of conventional or high-dose ranibizumab for vascularized pigment epithelial detachment based on lesion subtypes
Authors: Chan Clement K , Sarraf David , Abraham Prema
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

A post hoc study was conducted to compare visual and anatomic outcomes of vascularized serous pigment epithelial detachment (Group 1) with fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (Group 2) due to age-related macular degeneration treated with either 0.5 or 2.0 mg ranibizumab injections.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized trial was performed with the following regimens for 12 months: (1) 0.5 mg monthly, (2) 0.5 mg monthly for 4 months followed by pro re nata injections, (3) 2.0 mg monthly, and (4) 2.0 mg monthly for 4 months followed by pro re nata injections. Primary measure was best-corrected standardized vision. Secondary measures included central subfield, thickness surface area A2, greatest linear diameter, heights of pigment epithelial detachment and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), subretinal fluid, cystoid macular edema, and adverse events.

Results:

For 36 eyes (8 in Group 1 and 28 in Group 2), follow-up time was 12 months. There were no differences in baseline features between groups except for pigment epithelial detachment A2 (Group 2 > Group 1). Two-way analysis of variance showed comparable improvements in anatomic and vision outcomes. Three-way analysis of variance also showed similar responses for both lesion subtypes with high-dose treatment. There was a trend toward greater pigment epithelial detachment resolution in Group 1 eyes. There were no differences in retinochoroidal angiomatous proliferation (Type-3 CNV) and cataracts between groups, although greater percentages of eyes in Group 1 developed retinal pigment epithelial tears (25% vs 10.7%).

Conclusion:

There were no differences in vision and anatomic outcomes between lesion subtypes, and similarly, more rapid responses to high-dose than conventional-dose ranibizumab occurred for eyes with both lesion subtypes. More retinal pigment epithelial tears may develop in eyes with vascularized serous pigment epithelial detachment.
Choosing wisely and the use of antibiotics in ophthalmic surgery: There is more than meets the eye
Authors: Grosso Andrea , Ceruti Piero , Scarpa Giuseppe , Giardini Franco , Marchini Giorgio , Aragona Emanuela , Bert Fabrizio , Bandello Francesco , Siliquini Roberta
Published: March 2018

Background:

One of the directions of modern ophthalmology is toward an odontoiatric model, and new settings of eye care are becoming the standard of care: one day surgery and also office-based therapies.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of three tertiary-care centers in Italy and analysis of the literature.

Results:

We provide readers with state-of-the-art measures of prophylaxis in ophthalmic surgery.

Discussion and conclusion:

Role of antibiotics is criticized in the light of stewardship antimicrobial paradigm.
The MAPK-Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: Dysregulated Genes and Their Association With MicroRNAs
Authors: Slattery Martha L , Mullany Lila E , Sakoda Lori C , Wolff Roger K , Samowitz Wade S , Herrick Jennifer S
Published: March 2018

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate many cellular functions including cell proliferation and apoptosis. We examined associations of differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression between carcinoma and paired normal mucosa for 241 genes in the KEGG-identified MAPK-signaling pathway among 217 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Gene expression data (RNA-Seq) and miRNA expression data (Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0; Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) were analyzed. We first identified genes most strongly associated with CRC using a fold change (FC) of >1.50 or <0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. We then determined miRNAs associated with dysregulated genes and through miRNA:mRNA (messenger RNA) seed region matches discerned genes with a greater likelihood of having a direct biological association. Ninety-nine genes had a meaningful FC for all CRC, microsatellite unstable–specific tumors, or microsatellite stable–specific tumors. Thirteen dysregulated genes were associated with miRNAs, totaling 68 miRNA:mRNA associations. Thirteen of the miRNA:mRNA associations had seed region matches where the differential expression between the miRNA and mRNA was inversely related suggesting a direct association as a result of their binding. Several direct associations, upstream of ERK1/ERK2, JNK, and p38, were found for PDGFRA with 7 miRNAs; RASGRP3 and PRKCB with miR-203a; and TGFBR1 with miR-6071 and miR-2117. Other associations between miRNAs and mRNAs are most likely indirect, resulting from feedback and feed forward loops. Our results suggest that miRNAs may alter MAPK signaling through direct binding with key genes in this pathway. We encourage others to validate results in targeted CRC experiments that can help solidify important therapeutic targets.
Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Latest Evidence and Ongoing Challenges
Authors: Aguiar Pedro , Costa de Pádua Tiago , Noia Barreto Carmelia Maria , del Giglio Auro
Published: March 2018

Recently, the development of antiangiogenic drugs has changed the therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). As a result, the survival of individuals with advanced RCC has more than doubled. The median overall survival improved from 12 months during the cytokines era to near 30 months with antiangiogenic drugs. In this decade, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors showed enthusiastic results and is the new standard of care for patients with metastatic RCC previously treated with antiangiogenic drugs. The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus antiangiogenic drugs may have a synergistic activity. As a result, current studies investigate the combination for treatment-naïve patients. This may potentially change clinical practice. In this article, we will highlight new therapeutic options available and agents or combinations that are being investigated for metastatic RCC.
A working-class Anti-Pygmalion aesthetics of the female grotesque in the photographs of Richard Billingham
Authors: Hatherley Frances
Published: March 2018

‘Femininity’ is a concept formed by structures of class difference: to be ‘feminine’ is to fit into an idealised higher-class position. Working-class women, without the financial or cultural capital to successfully perform femininity, are regularly cast down into the realms of the grotesque. This ‘fall from grace’ has repercussions on the representation and lived experiences of women who are then defined negatively. Contemporary British media stories are full of demonising depictions of working-class women deemed grotesque for not presenting themselves with sufficiently ‘classy’ femininity. This article provides a rereading of the images made by British photographer Richard Billingham of his mother Liz, against the grain of much classist and misogynistic critical writing. The author discusses what happens when women reject the aspiration to transcend their supposedly faulty working-class femininity, and instead of trying to ‘better themselves’ through class-passing (as depicted in the George Bernard Shaw play Pygmalion) choose to present aspects of a working-class identity that firmly situate them within an undesirable class position. By employing an auto-ethnographic approach, the author offers new receptions of such images that have often been dismissed and discussed derogatorily, by bringing to bear her own lived experience of being a woman from a working-class background to offer narratives rarely explored in academic texts. The author shows that by thinking through an alternative femininity, via an ‘Anti-Pygmalion’ aesthetic, we can reclaim the negative descriptions of working-class women as grotesque, and begin to question the constructions of femininity itself.
Imagining management education: A critique of the contribution of the United Nations PRME to critical reflexivity and rethinking management education
Authors: Millar Jill , Price Margaret
Published: March 2018

Over 650 business schools worldwide have embraced the 2007 United Nations initiative, the Principles for Responsible Management Education. Proponents claim the initiative drives change and a fundamental rethinking of management education through questioning and the challenging of assumptions. Critical discussions of the Principles for Responsible Management Education have been slower to emerge, and this article contributes a necessary critique. We relate claims of questioning and social change to ideas of critical reflexivity, including those of Margaret Archer, who presents it as an open-ended process of deliberation, generating social transformation. In so doing, we ask whether the Principles for Responsible Management Education enables a critical reflexivity which might drive fundamental change in management education. Based on a critical discourse analysis of research data gathered in our UK business school, we answer this question in the negative, arguing that the Principles for Responsible Management Education, far from promoting critical reflexivity, operate as an ‘imaginary’ to inhibit critical reflexivity and to impose a particular agenda, limiting fundamental change. Rather it is resistance to the Principles for Responsible Management Education agenda and the availability of alternative imaginaries providing different meaning-making resources, which may contribute to a much needed rethinking of management education.
Tribological performance characterization of brake friction materials: What test? What coefficient of friction?
Authors: Kchaou Mohamed , Sellami Amira , Fajoui Jamal , Kus Recai , Elleuch Riadh , Jacquemin Frédéric
Published: March 2018

This article describes and explains the tribological tests and methods for the evaluation of the performance of the brake friction materials. It starts by discussing the particularities of these materials and the variation of characterization tests, which can experimentally simulate many aspects of brake situation but with a large field of tribo-test, from standard to specific protocol. Examples of preparation, procedures, instrumentation, and analysis results for the tribological aspect testing ranging from the scale of vehicle braking performance (by methods including inertia dynamometers, Krauss testing, friction assessment screening test, and Chase testing) to simplified test using reduced-scale prototypes for small-sample friction, are explained. A particular attention is attributed to the discussion of the viability of the friction coefficient report in relation to the material properties and brake compound performance. At the end of this article, the guarantee of the performance output or ranking evaluated by such experimental methods is discussed.
Toward an assessment of marginality in democratic systems: The Charlie Hebdo debate in the United Kingdom
Authors: Felicetti Andrea , Castelli Gattinara Pietro
Published: March 2018

This article offers a theoretical and empirical investigation of marginality of actors and ideas in democratic systems. We do so with respect to the extensive public debate that ensued from the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks of January 2015. Using content analytical data retrieved from The Guardian, we assess the degree and nature of marginality as indicated by the presence of different types of intervention in the public debate. Our findings show that women have very limited visibility; religious and minority groups—particularly Muslims—are sidestepped; and actors challenging the dominant securitisation narrative are systematically neglected by those holding dominant positions. We argue for greater attention to the problem of marginality and introduce the Maximin principle of marginality as a means to address this issue in analyses of democratic systems.
Fungi-induced paint deterioration and air contamination in the Assiut University hospital, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Ismail R. , Nafady Nivien A. , Bagy Magdy M. K. , Abd-Alla Mohamed H. , Abd-Alkader Ahmad M.
Published: March 2018

This study aims to evaluate the correlation between fungi causing paint deterioration and air contamination in Assiut University hospital to give a complete picture for the fungal quantity and spectrum. Seventeen fungal species were isolated from 15 samples of deteriorated water-based paint collected from the hospitals. Chaetomium globosum was the most common paint-deteriorating fungal species, followed by Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium oxalicum and Setosphaeria rostrata. Direct examination confirmed the ability of these fungi to colonize the paint samples producing mycelia, conidia and fruiting bodies. In vitro, these fungi exhibited high potential to utilize the thin layer of polyacrylic paint and significant enzymatic activities of cellulase, lipase and urease that may play a main role in paint degradation and as virulence factor of human diseases. Moreover, 27 fungal species were isolated as air contaminating mycobiota. Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, P. oxalicum, A. alternata and C. globosum caused a considerable amount of indoor air contamination. The results indicated that there is a clear correlation between fungi causing paint deterioration and air contamination, whereas certain fungi were responsible for wall paint deterioration and frequently indoor air contamination. The current study suggests that improvement of antimicrobial additives of paints may be a promising approach to reduce paint biodeterioration and subsequently air contamination of indoor environments.
New fragmenting bullet leads to unexpected injury pattern: A case report involving the Radically Invasive Projectile
Authors: Iverson Katherine R , Curtis Eleanor , Brown Ian E , Salcedo Edgardo S , Anderson John T
Published: March 2018

New developments in bullet technology are challenging what is commonly known about penetrating injuries from gunshot wounds. The so-called ‘bullet-rule’ posits the number of wounds and projectiles associated with a patient should add to an even number. This trauma paradigm is being shattered by the advent of new fragmenting projectiles. These frangible rounds break into several pieces after soft tissue penetration changing the expected trajectory, injury location, and extent of tissue damage. In this case report, the authors describe the case of a 15-year-old boy injured by a G2 Radically Invasive Projectile (RIP). The patient’s resultant pattern of injuries and the diagnostic utility of imaging were imperative for guiding his clinical management. The case serves as a useful example of the challenges and recommended strategies in managing a patient injured by a new fragmenting bullet.