bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Gene Mutations and the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nie Zunzhen , Zeng Kaixuan , Yan Qingguo , Liu Yuangang , Bian Yawei , Zhu Jin , Guo Zhenzhen , He Furong , Shi Hai , Guo Ying
Published: August 2023

Current treatments for gastric cancer (GC) are suboptimal. Potential therapeutic targets for GC were screened using next-generation sequencing. We examined many mutation genes linked to GC, including TP53 (60%), PIK3CA (19%), LRP1B (13%), and ERBB2 (12%), ARID1A (9%), KMT2C (9%), and KRAS (7%). The KMT2C, KRAS, CDK6, and ARID1A wild-type genes were dominant in diffuse-type GC ( P < .05), but mutations did not influence prognosis. Patients with APC (6%) and CDH1 (8%) wild-type GC presented with vascular invasion ( P < .05). Patients with ATR (2%) wild-type GC were prone to lymph node metastasis ( P < .05). Patients with ARID1A (9%) wild-type GC had reduced programmed death ligand 1 expression (<1, P < .05). We found that patients who received chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those who did not (although there was no statistical difference), with platinum-based group having better prognosis and uracil combined with paclitaxel group having worse prognosis.
Measuring the “Dark” Triad: Comparing the Five-Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure to Other Commonly Used Self-Report Instruments
Authors: Rose Leigha , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: August 2023

The “Dark” Triad (DT) refers to three personality constructs with ties to socially aversive behaviors: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. These constructs are commonly assessed via omnibus self-report inventories such as the Short Dark Triad (SD3) or the Dirty Dozen. Alternatively, researchers wishing to measure “dark” traits can compile stand-alone measures of each construct. Recently, the Five Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM) was developed, which measures the DT from the perspective of the widely used Five Factor Model of personality. Initial validation studies indicated that the FFM ATM addresses common concerns with other omnibus inventories (e.g., allows for multifaceted examination of DT constructs). The current study tested the FFM ATM in relation to these other methods of measuring the DT (i.e., omnibus inventories and combinations of single-construct measures). Across three tests of validity (i.e., nomological network analysis, intraclass correlations, and incremental validity analyses), the FFM ATM showed favorable results and outperformed other measures of the DT.
Identification of Child Survivors of Sex Trafficking From Electronic Health Records: An Artificial Intelligence Guided Approach
Authors: Murnan Aaron W. , Tscholl Jennifer J. , Ganta Rajesh , Duah Henry O. , Qasem Islam , Sezgin Emre
Published: August 2023

Survivors of child sex trafficking (SCST) experience high rates of adverse health outcomes. Amidst the duration of their victimization, survivors regularly seek healthcare yet fail to be identified. This study sought to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to identify SCST and describe the elements of their healthcare presentation. An AI-supported keyword search was conducted to identify SCST within the electronic medical records (EMR) of ∼1.5 million patients at a large midwestern pediatric hospital. Descriptive analyses were used to evaluate associated diagnoses and clinical presentation. A sex trafficking-related keyword was identified in .18% of patient charts. Among this cohort, the most common associated diagnostic codes were for Confirmed Sexual/Physical Assault; Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders; Depressive Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; and Suicidal Ideation. Our findings are consistent with the myriad of known adverse physical and psychological outcomes among SCST and illuminate the future potential of AI technology to improve screening and research efforts surrounding all aspects of this vulnerable population.
Mapping the Language of Male Partner Violence: An Historical Examination of Power, Meaning, and Ambivalence
Authors: Vogels Christina
Published: August 2023

This article questions why violence carried out by men toward their female romantic partners remains so prevalent today by examining how it has been understood and talked about over time. The aim here is twofold: the first is to historically map the changes in how male partner violence has been addressed in society—and to what effect. The second is to examine subtle dynamics within this historical map in order to suggest how language could be used to destabilize its fixture in society.
A Missing Piece? Men and the Puzzle of Gender Mainstreaming in the European Union
Authors: Weiner Elaine
Published: August 2023

In its early uptake and sweeping application of gender mainstreaming, the European Union (EU) sits in the vanguard. However, bringing a gender perspective to bear on policy has proven a stubborn challenge. Drawing on Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem Represented to Be?” approach and her conceptualization of policies as gendering practices, I critically interrogate how men have been implicated in the problem of gender inequality via policy discourse in the EU. I focus on violence against women/gender-based violence and gender inequalities in education. Analysis of these two issues serves to highlight some of the interpretive limits to the problem of gender inequality in the EU and likely beyond. The discursive elusiveness of men works to keep much of the workings of gender power obscured. Such discounting of “the man question” signals a significant misstep that undercuts gender mainstreaming’s transformative prospects.
Stromal cell therapy in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis: current perspectives and future direction
Authors: Rivas Iris L , Soltero-Rivera Maria , Vapniarsky Natalia , Arzi Boaz
Published: August 2023

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful, immune-mediated, oral mucosal inflammatory disease in cats. The etiology of FCGS remains unclear, with evidence pointing potentially toward a viral cause. Full-mouth tooth extraction is the current standard of care, and cats that are non-responsive to extraction therapy may need lifelong medical management and, in some cases, euthanasia. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) have been demonstrated to have advantages in the treatment and potentially the cure of non-responsive FCGS in cats. Therefore, adMSCs have attracted a series of ongoing clinical trials in the past decade. AdMSC therapy immediately after full-mouth tooth extraction was not explored, and we postulate that it may benefit the overall success rate of FCGS therapy. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge and impact of adMSCs for the therapeutic management of FCGS and to suggest a novel modified approach to further increase the efficacy of FCGS treatment in cats.
Book review: D. E. Agbiboa, They Eat our Sweat: Transport Labor, Corruption, and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria
Authors: Akinyetun Tope Shola
Published: August 2023

D. E. Agbiboa, They Eat our Sweat: Transport Labor, Corruption, and Everyday Survival in Urban Nigeria. Oxford University Press, 2022, 214 pp., $100 (hardback). ISBN 9780198861546.
Quantification and severity grading of femoral vessel compression by adverse reactions to metal debris in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Al-Khatib Yousef , Tyas Ben , Kalson Nicholas S , Agni Nickil , Bhutani Priyesh , Petheram Timothy , Carluke Ian , Partington Paul
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) may cause adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). ARMD causing femoral vessel compression with serious complications has been described in case reports, but the rate of compression by ARMD is not known. This study aims to investigate the rate, and quantify the severity, of femoral vessel compression in MoM hips with ARMD lesions.

Methods:

Patients under surveillance for MoM THA investigated with MRI were studied. In patients with confirmed ARMD, femoral artery (FA) and vein (FV) diameters were measured at the point of maximal compression and compared to contralateral vessels. The primary outcome measure was presence or absence of compression. Cases were then classified by compression ratios. Secondary outcome measures were rates of deep vein thrombosis, revision surgery and time to ARMD from index procedure.

Results:

MRI scans for 436 patients with MoM THA were screened. Of these, 211/436 (48.4%) showed evidence of ARMD. Measurements were obtained on 133/211 (63.0%) patients. The FV was compressed in 102/133 (76.7%) and FA in 58/133 (43.6%), while 31/133 (23.3%) patients had no compression. In FVs, 42 demonstrated mild compression, 39 moderate and 21 severe. In FAs, none were severely compressed, 6 were moderate and 52 showed mild compression. There were 3 DVT cases, 2 in patients with moderate FV compression and 1 in patients without FV compression. Revision rates were highest in patients with severe FV compression (14/21, 66.7%). The mean time for MRI-diagnosed ARMD from index procedure was 8 years and 1 month (range 11 months–14.5 years).

Conclusions:

Extra-luminal compression of the femoral vessels was found in >75% of patients with ARMD. Although it is not clear whether revision for femoral vessel compression is required, quantification of FV compression may be useful for surgeons and radiologists considering revision for ARMD.
Does needle positioning with magnetic field induction improve central venous catheterization performance by novice learners?
Authors: Kamphausen Anne , Tarasova Natalia , Bardwell Abigail , Laack Torrey A , Shiue Larissa T , Kummer Tobias
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The novel ultrasound magnetic needle navigation technique can visualize the entire needle and identify its projected trajectory. We hypothesized that this technique increases the first-attempt success rate of central venous puncture by novice learners compared with the conventional needle navigation technique.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, controlled trial with a crossover design included 50 participants with limited prior experience in US-guided procedures. Participants were randomly assigned to novel or conventional technique groups and asked to perform central venous cannulation in a phantom task trainer. After the first successful attempt, participants were allocated to the other technique group.

Results:

Although participants in the novel technique group had a higher first-attempt success rate than did those in the conventional technique group, this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.17). The total number of attempts also did not significantly differ ( p = 0.16). The conventional technique group had more needle redirections ( p = 0.01) and a longer time to successful cannulation ( p = 0.01). The number of adverse effects ( p = 0.32) did not differ between groups. Participant confidence levels were higher in the novel technique group ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Magnetic needle navigation can reduce the number of needle redirections, shorten the time to successful cannulation, and increase confidence levels by novice learners for successful US-guided central venous access.
Theorizing necroptics: Invisibilization of violence and death-worlds
Authors: Varman Rohit , Srinivas Nidhi
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the invisibilization of violence and deaths in India’s leading daily during the 1918 influenza pandemic, the Times of India. The pandemic killed more than 14 million Indians in a short span of time. Studying this historical event and the way it was reported in an influential newspaper, this research shows how media representations not only invisibilized the alarming levels of mortality, but also elided the efforts of colonial capitalism to profit from the loss of human life. Building on the work of Achille Mbembe, and through the concept of necroptics, this study examines the invisibility of violence as malign neglect that contributes to death-worlds. It shows how colonial violence was erased or mystified through media necroptics, which created untraceable deaths, that is, framed deaths as natural or systemic outcomes.
Characteristics of multiple sclerosis and demyelinating disease in an Asian American population
Authors: Fan Jessica H , Alexander Jessa , Poole Shane , Wijangco Jaeleene , Henson Lily J , Dobson Ruth , Guo Chu-Yueh , Bove Riley
Published: August 2023

Background:

Race and ancestry influence the course of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives:

Explore clinical characteristics of MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Asian American patients.

Methods:

Chart review was performed for 282 adults with demyelinating disease who self-identified as Asian at a single North American MS center. Demographics and clinical characteristics were compared to non-Asian MS patients and by region of Asian ancestry.

Results:

Region of ancestry was known for 181 patients. Most (94.7%) preferred English, but fewer East Asian patients did (80%, p = 0.0001). South Asian patients had higher neighborhood household income ( p = 0.002). Diagnoses included MS (76.2%) and NMOSD (13.8%). More patients with NMOSD than MS were East and Southeast Asian ( p = 0.004). For MS patients, optic nerve and spinal cord involvement were similar across regions of ancestry. Asian MS patients were younger at symptom onset and diagnosis than non-Asian MS patients. MS Severity Scale scores were similar to non-Asian MS patients but worse among Southeast Asians ( p = 0.006).

Conclusions:

MS severity was similar between Asian American patients and non-Asian patients. Region of ancestry was associated with differences in sociodemographics and MS severity. Further research is needed to uncover genetic, socioeconomic, or environmental factors causing these differences.
Conceptualising the health-related values within wine tourism
Authors: Duan Bob Yi-Chen , Ma Emily
Published: August 2023

Wellness value is a neglected research area within the field of wine tourism. The connection between wine and wellness in this context is just starting to appear. Using an inductive approach, we established two research questions (RQs) to guide this study. RQ1: Who is concerned with the health-related values of wine tourism? RQ2: What are the dimensions of health-related values in wine tourism? An in-depth and semi-structured interview was conducted. Informants aged 18–45 years, who have health awareness and suffer from wellness problems, are concerned with health-related values in wine tourism. Findings indicated six relevant dimensions: wine health attributes, knowledge, wine destination attributes, mental benefits, social and space needs, and wellness facilities. Further, this study proposes a conceptual framework linking wine-drinking behaviour and destination facilities and attributes with affective and cognitive beliefs that contribute to the overall value of wellness. This proposition shifts the traditional affective and cognitive approach towards values.
Is asynchronous telerehabilitation equal to synchronous telerehabilitation in COVID-19 survivors with classes 4–6?
Authors: Tanhan Abdurrahman , Ozer Aysel Yildiz , Timurtas Eren , Batirel Ayse , Polat Mine Gulden
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The first aim of this study was to compare synchronous and asynchronous telerehabilitation programs in COVID-19 survivors with classes 4–6 and determine the more appropriate telerehabilitation approach.

Methods

Thirty-six COVID-19 survivors with class 4–6 severity were randomly divided into two groups. Telerehabilitation programs were an 8-week exercise program that comprised pulmonary, aerobic, and strengthening exercises. Patients were assessed at the baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up for the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), short physical performance battery (SPPB), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)

Results

The overall mean age of the study population was 54.06 (SD 10.50), and 15 (46.8%) were male. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the demographics and clinical characteristics at the baseline (p > 0.05), except for physical function (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in exercise capacity (p < 0.001) and lower extremity function (p < 0.01) within both groups in the short term and long term. There was a significant improvement in some subparameters of quality of life in both groups. As the synchronous group's short-term and long-term psychological status improved significantly, the asynchronous group's short-term psychological status improved significantly (p < 0.05). Telerehabilitation programs had similar effects, and only synchronous telerehabilitation outperformed asynchronous telerehabilitation in terms of physical function, role-emotional, and long-term anxiety.

Discussion

Asynchronous telerehabilitation was as effective as synchronous telerehabilitation in developing clinical and functional parameters when properly planned and implemented.
Mechanical and durability properties of alkali-activated slag/waste basalt powder mixtures
Authors: Dener Murat
Published: August 2023

There are several studies investigating the feasibility of basalt powder as a precursor in alkali-activated cement production. The originality of this research lies in investigating the mechanical and durability features of alkali-activated mortars manufactured by partially substituting granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) with waste basalt powder (WBP). In this study, 20% of GBFS was replaced with WBP, and high temperature (300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C) and magnesium sulfate (5% concentration) resistance of the manufactured mortars were investigated. The deteriorations of the mortars subjected to high temperature and magnesium sulfate were examined by compressive strength test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The compressive strength of the mortar produced with 20% WBP substitution was 9.9% lower compared to the mortar containing 100% GBFS as the precursor. However, the performance of alkali-activated slag (AAS), known for its good resistance to high temperatures, did not decrease with the WBP substitution. The reduction in strength of both mortars after 900 °C was approximately 86%. No excessive changes were observed in the visual appearance and the compressive strength of the mortars after 3 months of exposure to magnesium sulfate. Microstructure analyses also revealed that WBP substitution had a limited effect on the high temperature and sulfate resistance of AAS.
The interactive wrong of political corruption: A reply to Warren, Santoro and Fabre
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Ferretti Maria Paola
Published: August 2023

In this response essay, Ceva and Ferretti reply to their critics and clarify some key aspects of their book. Specifically, the discussion starts by elaborating on the notion of an ethics of office accountability, explaining that the specification of institutional norms of officeholders behaviour is the result of practices of officeholders' interaction (including democratic practices) and reflection. The second theme is the responsibility for political corruption. The authors emphasise the importance of focussing not only on retrospective responsibility, for the sake of punishing corrupt behaviour, but especially on accountability as a form of self-reflection by the officeholders on the weaknesses of their institutional work together. This exercise is preliminary to their assuming forward-looking responsibilities for anti-corruption. The third and final part discusses political corruption as a specifically interactive wrong. For the authors, the magnitude and moral salience of the wrong of corruption, as well as the different wrongs implicated both from an interactive perspective and in consideration of the harm caused to third parties, must be assessed in light of the context and the moral standing of the public institution in question. In this sense, political corruption is a pro tanto wrong.
Adult Gene Therapy for Epilepsy in a Model of Angelman Syndrome: Hope or Hype?
Authors: Huguenard John R.
Published: August 2023

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What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You: Psychiatric Effects of Prenatal Anti-Seizure Medications
Authors: Terman Samuel W.
Published: August 2023

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Arthritis Foundation/HSS Workshop on Hip Osteoarthritis, Part 1: Epidemiology, Early Development, and Cohorts From Around the World
Authors: Kim Jason S. , Agricola Rintje , Kim Young-jo , Lane Nancy E. , Millis Michael B. , Nelson Amanda E. , Runhaar Jos , Shefelbine Sandra J. , Bostrom Mathias P.
Published: August 2023

Far more publications are available for osteoarthritis of the knee than of the hip. Recognizing this research gap, the Arthritis Foundation, in partnership with the Hospital for Special Surgery, convened an in-person meeting of thought leaders to review the state of the science of and clinical approaches to hip osteoarthritis. This article summarizes the recommendations and clinical research gaps gleaned from 5 presentations given in the “how hip osteoarthritis begins” session of the 2023 Hip Osteoarthritis Clinical Studies Conference, which took place on February 17 and 18, 2023, in New York City.
Methodological Investigation: Traditional and Systematic Reviews as Preliminary Findings for Delphi Technique
Authors: Fathullah Muhammad Afif , Subbarao Anusuyah , Muthaiyah Saravanan
Published: August 2023

The Delphi method has been used as a way to reach consensus among experts established in the 1950s. The method was originally conceived to be used as a forecasting instrument for business in a mixed-method study. The Delphi method is usually conducted with elements of anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback and statistical group response. Delphi method had traditionally used expert opinions through methods such as interviews and brainstorming for the initial point of studies conducted. However, with the expanding volumes of research papers and articles in this age, can techniques such as Traditional Literature Review (TLR) and Systematic Literature Review (SLR) also be viable technique to be an initial point of studies for a Delphi study. As such this study aims 1) to examine and discover whether TLR and SLR are appropriate techniques to be used in a Delphi study and 2) construct a Delphi study process overview. This study adopts a methodology in which seven articles that have used TLR and SLR in their Delphi study will be analyzed. The results shows that TLR and SLR are appropriate techniques to be used in a Delphi study and that there are two types of processes to incorporate them into the study. We have also constructed a Delphi process overview through our analysis. We hope that the results of this study will be able help researchers who are interested in doing a Delphi study to know on what are the benefits of TLR and SLR in these studies along with how to incorporate them.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of the Baska mask versus other laryngeal mask airways during general anaesthesia
Authors: Fadlalmola Hammad Ali , Elhusein Amal Mohamed , Osman Abdalla Mohamed , Balola Hamza Hosean , Ebrahim Elturabi Elsayed , Babiker Sitelgeel Hamouda , Ghoneim Nagwa Ibrahim , Ebrahim Raga Abdelfatah , Ali Maha Abdalla , Mohammed Amani Abdelgader , Eshag Ghada Siddig , Mohamed Sara Elsadig , Shaaeldein Farida Rahamtalla , Al-Sayaghi Khaled Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Background:

The Baska mask is a supraglottic airway device used during general anaesthesia that combines features from various other devices. This systematic review aims to compare its efficacy and safety with other laryngeal mask airways.

Methods:

Randomised controlled trials were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. RevMan software was used for meta-analysis, with mean difference and risk ratios calculated for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively, along with a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The meta-analysis found that the Baska mask provides a better oropharyngeal seal pressure (mean difference = 7.03; 95% confidence interval = [6.00, 8.07], p < 0.00001) and a higher rate of maximal seal pressure (risk ratio = 18.38; 95% confidence interval = [2.53, 133.47], p = 0.004) compared to other laryngeal mask airways. However, the Baska mask had lower success rates in first-attempt insertion (risk ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = [0.72, 0.86], p < 0.00001) and higher rates of insertion manipulation (risk ratio = 16.64; 95% confidence interval = [5.86, 47.24], p < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

The Baska mask offers better oropharyngeal seal pressure, but may be more difficult to insert than other laryngeal mask airways, without causing significant delays. The Baska mask appears as safe as other laryngeal mask airways, but larger trials are needed to support these findings.
Outcomes of patients undergoing anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty with augmented glenoid components – a systematic review
Authors: Prada Carlos , Al-Mohrej Omar A , Siddiqui Salwa , Khan Moin
Published: August 2023

Background

Glenoid loosening is an issue in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (a-TSA). This has been attributed to abnormal glenoid anatomy, common among these patients. Different alternatives have been proposed to tackle glenoid bone loss and restore joint alignment with augmented glenoid implants being increasingly used to deal with this problem. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients undergoing augmented glenoid a-TSAs. Our hypothesis was that augmented glenoid components will lead to good patient outcomes with a low incidence of complications and revision procedures.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and CINHAL were searched from inception to February 2022 for information pertaining to outcomes of patients undergoing a-TSA with augmented glenoid implants.

Results

Eighteen studies reported on outcomes of 814 a-TSA (800 participants) with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Most studies (67%) were Type IV level of evidence. Almost 70% of participants underwent an a-TSA secondary to primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Most glenoids were type B2 (73%). Augmented glenoids material was mostly all-polyethylene (81%) with full wedge (45%) and stepped components (38%) designs being the most common. Most studies reported good clinical outcomes. 17 patients (4%) underwent a revision surgery.

Conclusions

Our review found that patients undergoing a-TSA with augmented glenoid components report good outcomes at short-to-mid-term follow-up. Further research is warranted to determine if such outcomes remain similar in long term.

Level of evidence

Level III, Systematic Review of Therapeutic Studies.
Essential Oils of Distichochlamys benenica: Chemical Constituents, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Huong Le Thi , Dai Do Ngoc , Thin Dau Ba , Hung Nguyen Huy , Thinh Bui Bao
Published: August 2023

In recent years, essential oils (EOs) have gained popularity for their potential as natural antimicrobial agents and mosquito larvae control. This study aimed to explore the chemical composition of EOs extracted from the leaves and rhizomes of Distichochlamys benenica Q.B. Nguyen & Škorničk, and to evaluate their mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activities. The EOs were obtained using hydrodistillation and subjected to gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry to determine their chemical constituents. The main components identified in the leaf EO were β-pinene (47.7%), cis-β-elemene (8.5%), and α-pinene (7.8%), while the rhizome EO mainly consisted of geranyl acetate (25.7%), geranial (23.3%), neral (16.6%), and geraniol (8.4%). The mosquito larvicidal activity of the EOs was evaluated using larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus during 24 and 48 h of treatment. The results demonstrated that these EOs effectively inhibited the mosquito larvae, with LC50 values ranging from 31.15 to 71.53 μg/mL and LC90 values ranging from 46.28 to 148.66 μg/mL. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of EOs. Both EOs exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 299212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, with MIC values ranging from 16 to 64 μg/mL and IC50 values ranging from 4.67 to 45.67 μg/mL. Overall, the mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of D. benenica EOs highlight their potential as natural alternatives for combating mosquito-borne diseases and microbial infections.
Concurrent Cardio-Cerebral Infarction – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: de la Torre Cortney , Wagner Jaime S. , Xu Jindong
Published: August 2023

Concurrent cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) describes the simultaneous occurrence of an acute myocardial infarction and an acute ischemic stroke. It is a rare phenomenon, and no consensus yet exists on how to best treat it. CCI patients present with variable clinical scenarios and complications which makes the establishment of a treatment guideline difficult. We present here a case of a 67-year-old male with concurrent acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke due to right middle cerebral artery occlusion who was successfully treated with Tenecteplase and mechanical thrombectomy. A literature review was also conducted in search of potential reasonable management strategies of CCI.
Stress among UK consultant urologists and factors influencing when they leave full-time NHS practice
Authors: Payne Stephen R , Kane Amy , Thomas Kevin , Bolderston Helen , Greville-Harris Maddy , Turner Kevin J
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The UK medical workforce is in crisis. The number of surgeons in National Health Service (NHS) practice has decreased, partly because newly qualified doctors withdraw from the workforce, and partly because of the early retirement of experienced surgeons. The reasons for urological trainee loss are largely known, but stress factors influencing the retirement of consultants before state pension age (SPA) are not.

Methods:

An online survey of the consultant membership of the British Association of Urological Surgeons was carried out over a 12-week period starting in September 2020. Information was sought regarding stresses at work and home, together with factors affecting retirement decisions. Data analysis was performed if > 90% of questions were complete.

Results:

Overall, 36.5% of 1374 invitees completed the survey. Workplace-based issues were the main causes of stress: on-call, an unsupportive working environment, complaint handling and poor relations with hospital managers were predominant factors which were exacerbated by punitive taxation. Experienced urologists ameliorated these factors by reducing their contracted activity, increasing part-time working and, ultimately, retiring before SPA.

Conclusions:

Workplace-based factors are associated with stress reported by consultant urologists. Alleviation of stressor factors, especially those related to on-call activity, should be explored to reduce the erosion of the senior workforce.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
Associations of DNA-Methylation Measures of Biological Aging With Social Disparities in Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Raffington Laurel , Tanksley Peter T. , Vinnik Liza , Sabhlok Aditi , Patterson Megan W. , Mallard Travis , Malanchini Margherita , Ayorech Ziada , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Paige Harden Kathryn
Published: August 2023

Children who experience environmental adversities are at increased risk of both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms may regulate the influence of environmental adversities on mental health. We examined the hypothesis that salivary DNA-methylation patterns of pace of biological aging (Dunedin pace of biological aging [DunedinPoAm]) and inflammation (DNA-methylation C-reactive protein [DNAm-CRP]) are socially stratified and associated with mental health in 1,183 children (609 female; age: M = 13.6 years) from the Texas Twin Project. Analyses were preregistered. Participants’ DNA-methylation algorithms and psychiatric symptoms differed by socioeconomic contexts and race/ethnicity. Children with more parent-reported internalizing symptoms had higher DunedinPoAm and DNAm-CRP scores, and children with more aggression problems had higher DNAm-CRP. DunedinPoAm partially mediated advantage of White racial identity on internalizing. Likewise, DNAm-CRP partially mediated advantage of higher family socioeconomic contexts and, in a separate model, White racial identity on reduced internalizing symptoms. Children’s epigenetic measures of pace of biological aging and inflammation are associated with social inequalities and mental health.
Impact of Anxiety During Hospitalization on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Schwarz F. , Klee E. , Schenk P. , Katscher S. , Schnake K. J. , Bäumlein M. , Zimmermann V. , Schmeiser G. , Scherer M. A. , Müller M. , Sprengel K. , Spiegl U. , Osterhoff G. , Schramm S. , Siekmann H. , Franck A. , Scheyerer M.-J. , Ullrich B.W. ,   The Working Group Osteoporotic Fractures of the Spine Section of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: August 2023

Study Design

Multicenter prospective cohort study.

Objectives

Anxiety in combination with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) of the spine remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether anxiety has an impact on the short-term functional outcome of patients with an OVCF. Furthermore, a direct impact of the fracture on the patient’s anxiety during hospitalization should be recognized.

Methods

All inpatients with an OVCF of the thoracolumbar spine from 2017 to 2020 were included. Trauma mechanism, analgetic medication, anti-osteoporotic therapy, timed-up-and-go test (TuG), mobility, Barthel index, Oswestry-Disability Index (ODI) and EQ5D-5L were documented. For statistical analysis, the U test, chi-square independence test, Spearman correlation, General Linear Model for repeated measures, Bonferroni analysis and Wilcoxon test were used. The item anxiety/depression of the EQ5D-5L was analyzed to describe the patients’ anxiousness.

Results

Data from 518 patients from 17 different hospitals were evaluated. Fracture severity showed a significant correlation (r = .087, P = .0496) with anxiety. During the hospital stay, pain medication ( P < .001), anti-osteoporotic medication ( P < .001), and initiation of surgical therapy ( P < .001) were associated with less anxiety. The anxiety of a patient at discharge was negatively related to the functional outcomes at the individual follow-up: TuG ( P < .001), Barthel index ( P < .001), ODI ( P < .001) and EQ5D-5L ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Higher anxiety is associated with lower functional outcome after OVCF. The item anxiety/depression of the EQ5D-5L provides an easily accessible, quick and simple tool that can be used to screen for poor outcomes and may also offer the opportunity for a specific anxiety intervention.
Is Academic Entrepreneurialism a Universal Concept? New Ideas and Insights From Contextualisation Beyond East and West
Authors: Tang Hei-hang Hayes , Zhang Edward Yan
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the conceptualisation of ‘academic entrepreneurialism’ and develops new ideas and insights by contextualising the concept. It critically reviews the conceptual literature of academic entrepreneurialism which is dominated by research and conceptualisation by the West and reflects its implications for understanding academic entrepreneurialism in China. After that, it answers the key question: Is academic entrepreneurialism a universal concept? By academic entrepreneurialism, it refers to the phenomenon that universities are willing to supply knowledge for capitalising new opportunities, managing risks and maximising revenues, reputation, or human capital in response to the demands for education, research and knowledge solutions by the knowledge society and economy, as well as developing new markets for their knowledge-based services and goods. This paper draws on global perspective and the case of Chinese higher education, and engages in conceptual discussions about the applied universality of academic entrepreneurialism and its limitations of making sense of cultural uniqueness in various contexts. We argue that academic entrepreneurialism is not a universal and all-encompassing template but the beginning of constitutive, continuous and complex transformation of institutional reasoning of different universities across the world. Not taking the culturalist presuppositions, new ideas from this paper may be helpful for reconsidering, redesigning and reorganising research, education and engagement of universities beyond East and West so as to foster their self-understanding in the entrepreneurial age and future-oriented development.
Perceptual Learning of Noise-Vocoded Speech Under Divided Attention
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Rongru , Yan Yu , McGettigan Carolyn , Rosen Stuart , Adank Patti
Published: August 2023

Speech perception performance for degraded speech can improve with practice or exposure. Such perceptual learning is thought to be reliant on attention and theoretical accounts like the predictive coding framework suggest a key role for attention in supporting learning. However, it is unclear whether speech perceptual learning requires undivided attention. We evaluated the role of divided attention in speech perceptual learning in two online experiments ( N = 336). Experiment 1 tested the reliance of perceptual learning on undivided attention. Participants completed a speech recognition task where they repeated forty noise-vocoded sentences in a between-group design. Participants performed the speech task alone or concurrently with a domain-general visual task (dual task) at one of three difficulty levels. We observed perceptual learning under divided attention for all four groups, moderated by dual-task difficulty. Listeners in easy and intermediate visual conditions improved as much as the single-task group. Those who completed the most challenging visual task showed faster learning and achieved similar ending performance compared to the single-task group. Experiment 2 tested whether learning relies on domain-specific or domain-general processes. Participants completed a single speech task or performed this task together with a dual task aiming to recruit domain-specific (lexical or phonological), or domain-general (visual) processes. All secondary task conditions produced patterns and amount of learning comparable to the single speech task. Our results demonstrate that the impact of divided attention on perceptual learning is not strictly dependent on domain-general or domain-specific processes and speech perceptual learning persists under divided attention.
Nurses’ and Doctors’ Experiences of Transferring Adolescents or Young Adults With Long-Term Health Conditions From Pediatric to Adult Care: A Metasynthesis
Authors: Fegran Liv , Westergren Thomas , Hall Elisabeth O. C. , Aagaard Hanne , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid
Published: August 2023

The transfer of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with long-term health conditions from pediatric to adult care is a multidisciplinary enterprise where nurses and doctors play an important role. This review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence from qualitative primary reports on how nurses and doctors experience the transfer of AYA aged 13 to 24 years with long-term health conditions to an adult hospital setting. We systematically searched seven electronic databases for reports published between January 2005 and November 2021 and reporting nurses’ and doctors’ experiences. We meta-summarized data from 13 reports derived from 11 studies published worldwide. Using qualitative content analysis, we metasynthesized nurses’ and doctors’ experiences into the theme “being boosters.” Boosting AYA’s transfer was characterized by supporting AYA’s and their parents’ changing roles, smoothening AYA’s transition from pediatric to adult care, and handling AYA’s encounters with a different care culture.
Health Literacy in Higher Education: A Systematic Scoping Review of Educational Approaches
Authors: Røe Yngve , Torbjørnsen Astrid , Stanghelle Brita , Helseth Sølvi , Riiser Kirsti
Published: August 2023

Over the past decade, health literacy has received increased attention as a tool for promoting health, well-being, and sustainable development. So far, educational approaches to health literacy have mainly been implemented in health sciences education and linked to the needs of health professionals in communication with patients. The main objective of this systematic scoping review was to investigate health literacy educational approaches in higher education study programs, including the covered content and the learning activities employed. Altogether, 26 studies on health literacy training in higher education study programs were included. The most frequent study programs represented were medicine and pharmacy. A wide range of health literacy content was extracted from the studies; by far the most frequently studied skill was patient communication, which was identified in 20 studies, followed by identification of patients with low literacy in 12 studies and conceptual knowledge of health literacy in 11 studies. All studies except one reported the use of student active learning as part of the educational approach, and 17 studies reported the use of educational technology. The scientific literature indicates that current health literacy educational approaches mainly focus on the individual components of health literacy and fail to address environmental components and health literacy in vulnerable population groups. Despite the rather extensive use of active learning in educational approaches, pedagogical foundations were scarcely reported. In addition, the use of educational technology was rarely pedagogically integrated.
Motor rehabilitation after stroke: European Stroke Organisation (ESO) consensus-based definition and guiding framework
Authors: Kwakkel Gert , Stinear Cathy , Essers Bea , Munoz-Novoa Maria , Branscheidt Meret , Cabanas-Valdés Rosa , Lakičević Sandra , Lampropoulou Sofia , Luft Andreas R , Marque Philippe , Moore Sarah A , Solomon John M , Swinnen Eva , Turolla Andrea , Alt Murphy Margit , Verheyden Geert
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

To propose a consensus-based definition and framework for motor rehabilitation after stroke.

Methods:

An expert European working group reviewed the literature, attaining internal consensus after external feedback.

Findings:

Motor rehabilitation is defined as a process that engages people with stroke to benefit their motor function, activity capacity and performance in daily life. It is necessary for people with residual motor disability whose goal is to enhance their functioning, independence and participation. Motor rehabilitation operates through learning- and use-dependent mechanisms. The trajectory of motor recovery varies across patients and stages of recovery. Early behavioral restitution of motor function depends on spontaneous biological mechanisms. Further improvements in activities of daily living are achieved by compensations. Motor rehabilitation is guided by regular assessment of motor function and activity using consensus-based measures, including patient-reported outcomes. Results are discussed with the patient and their carers to set personal goals. During motor rehabilitation patients learn to optimize and adapt their motor, sensory and cognitive functioning through appropriately dosed repetitive, goal-oriented, progressive, task- and context-specific training. Motor rehabilitation supports people with stroke to maximize health, well-being and quality of life. The framework describes the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the context of stroke, describes neurobiological mechanisms of behavioral restitution and compensation, and summarizes recommendations for clinical assessment, prediction tools, and motor interventions with strong recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (2016–2022).

Conclusions:

This definition and framework may guide clinical educators, inform clinicians on current recommendations and guidelines, and identify gaps in the evidence base.
Surgical Approach for RSA has Little or no Influence on Scapular Inclination and Glenoid Baseplate Tilt Relative to the Horizontal
Authors: Cuinet Thomas , Nérot Cécile , Godenèche Arnaud , Peduzzi Lisa ,   ReSurg, van Rooij Floris , Nover Luca , Hibon Aude , Saffarini Mo ,   SoFEC
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Determine whether reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) glenoid baseplate tilt is influenced by surgical approach and/or associated with functional scores.

Methods

In total, 501 shoulders (483 patients) who underwent RSA, by anterosuperior (AS, n = 88) or deltopectoral (DP, n = 413) approach. Preoperative and immediate postoperative anteroposterior and scapular Y-view radiographs were used to measure: Inclination of the supraspinatus fossa's floor relative to the horizontal (Sigma angle), inclination of the glenoid fossa line (or glenoid baseplate surface) relative to the horizontal (beta-h angle) or to the supraspinatus fossa's floor (beta-s angle).

Results

Sigma and beta-h were significantly greater for shoulders operated by DP approach, both preoperatively ( P < .001, P = .002) and postoperatively ( P = .004, P < .001), but net change was not significantly different ( P = .501, P = .742). Conversely, beta-s was significantly greater for shoulders operated by DP approach, only postoperatively ( P = .042), but there were no significant differences in either preoperative angles ( P = .580) or net change thereof ( P = .528).

Conclusion

Beta-s was slightly but significantly greater for shoulders operated by DP approach, while beta-h and sigma depended primarily on preoperative scapular inclination and glenoid tilt, rather than on surgical approach. At a minimum of 2 years following RSA, neither constant scores nor net improvements thereof were significantly associated with any of the angles.

Level of evidence

IV, case series
Republication of “Primary Ankle Arthrodesis vs ORIF for Severely Comminuted Pilon Fractures: A Comparative Retrospective Study”
Authors: Beckwitt Colin H. , Monaco Spencer J. , Gruen Gary S.
Published: August 2023

Background:

The treatment for highly comminuted pilon fractures remains controversial. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to compare functional outcomes of primary arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint (fusion) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary ORIF or fusion for pilon fractures at our institution since 2000 were identified by Current Procedural Terminology ( CPT) code. Inclusion criteria for the ORIF cohort were patients with an AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association type C3 pilon fracture. Additional inclusion criteria for the fusion cohort were patients whose fractures were deemed non-reconstructable by the treating surgeon. Outcome assessment was determined by the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Short Form 36-item health survey (SF-36), time to radiographic union or fusion, and wound-healing complications at a minimum of 2 years after their surgery.

Results:

Nineteen ORIF and 16 fusion patients completed the study’s outcome assessments. A higher rate of nonunion was observed in patients treated by primary ORIF than primary fusion (5/19 vs 1/16). Posttraumatic arthritis was observed in 11 of 19 primary ORIF patients. Primary fusion patients exhibited increased symptoms, pain, and physical role limits but were equivalent to primary ORIF patients on all other functional metrics examined.

Conclusions:

Primary ankle arthrodesis achieves a lower rate of nonunion and comparable functional outcomes to ORIF in patients with severely comminuted pilon fractures. The higher rate of nonunion observed in the primary ORIF group suggests that primary fusion should be considered an effective procedure for severe injuries to decrease the need for further operative intervention.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III, retrospective cohort.