bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Complementary Health Approaches in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shin Ju Young , Pohlig Ryan T. , Habermann Barbara
Published: November 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative and requires ongoing therapy. The purpose of the current study was two-fold: to (a) describe the prevalence, types, and associated factors of complementary health approaches (CHA) used in individuals with PD; and (b) explore reasons for CHA use. A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was used. The response rate was 61.9% (
N
= 135), and 74.1% of participants used CHA for either PD or general health. The most widely used CHA included exercise, yoga, massage, vitamins, coenzyme Q10, and coconut oil. Higher levels of education and treatment by a movement disorder specialist were significantly related to CHA use. Nurses and other health care professionals may have a role in providing safe care for individuals with PD. Further studies on effectiveness and safety of commonly used CHA are warranted. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
43
(2), 46–54.]
Comparison of Oral Assessment Results Between Non-Oral and Oral Feeding Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ohno Tomohisa , Heshiki Yoshihiro , Kogure Masanori , Sumi Yasunori , Miura Hisayuki
Published: November 2016

In the current study, evaluation and comparison of oral status was performed to confirm the necessity of oral care for non-oral feeding patients. The study involved patients consulting an attending physician in one hospital's Department of Dentistry for oral care. Based on the feeding method, participants were divided into two groups: (a) non-oral (
n
= 66) and (b) oral (
n
= 66) feeding. Characteristics and Oral Assessment Guide scores were compared between groups. The non-oral feeding group had significantly worse scores than the oral feeding group. The non-oral feeding group also showed significantly lower voice-, swallowing-, saliva-, and tongue-related scores. The poor oral status of non-oral feeding patients was clarified. The results suggest the importance of oral care for non-oral feeding patients. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
43
(4), 23–28.]
Effects of Nutritional Intervention in Long-Term Care in Korea
Authors: Kim Eunkyoung , Kang Hyunwook , Kim Nahyun
Published: November 2016

Institutionalized older adults are known to be at high risk of malnutrition, but few nutritional interventions have been used for older adults in long-term care (LTC) settings. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of implementing a nutritional intervention involving nursing staff education, facilitation, and a shared algorithm (NIEFA) for institutionalized older adults in Korea. A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design was used. Patients in two LTC facilities were assigned to an intervention (
n
= 23) or control (
n
= 22) group. After completion of the 4-week NIEFA program, significant improvements were found in the intervention group's daily energy intake (
t
= 3.832,
p
< 0.001), total lymphocytes (
t
= 3.87,
p
< 0.001), hemoglobin levels (
t
= 4.991,
p
< 0.001), hematocrit levels (
t
= 4.305,
p
< 0.001), and Mini Nutritional Assessment scores (
t
= 10.223,
p
< 0.001). Implementation of NIEFA in a LTC facility may be effective in improving the nutritional status of older adults with or at risk of malnutrition. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
43
(2), 55–64.]
El arte de la corrupción y la reconstrucción en el Libro de los venenos de Antonio Gamoneda
Authors: Lin Ching-Yu
Published: November 2016

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la textualidad seudo-científica de la obra de Antonio Gamoneda, Libro de los venenos. El autor representa los discursos farmacológicos de la antigüedad adoptando la estructura científica. Sin embargo, observamos el arte de la corrupción en el corpus de la intertextualidad junto a las contradicciones de ideología y estética. Partiendo de la ruptura de lo original, llega a reconstruir nueva perspectiva con la que puede unir el registro informático al poético y reinterpretar los temas de las materias, la fórmula terapéutica y la ética.
Metapoesía y niveles enunciativos en Jenaro Talens
Authors: Trabado Cabado José Manuel
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo funciona la enunciación metapoética dentro de la obra poética de Jenaro Talens. Se centra sobre todo en el análisis de textos como «Espacio del poema» y «Método del discurso». En ambos casos se crean una serie de instrucciones de lectura que nos obligan a pensar en varios niveles enunciativos. Mientras que la enunciación lírica puede decirse que «significa», el nivel metapoético «comunica». Podrían entenderse así, siguiendo la terminología de Sperber y Wilson, como una suerte de «ostensión»* encaminada a crear una «inferencia»* en el lector. Se perfila así una enunciación poliédrica en la que se alternan un «yo» lírico con un «yo» crítico que sirven como transición entre la supuesta ficción literaria y un pensamiento teórico que pertenece al autor real.
Enigmas y paradojas en El Cerco Oblicuo de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal
Authors: Calvo Revilla Ana
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de El cerco oblicuo (1993), de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal. A través del estudio de las huellas intertextuales que configuran el universo imaginario de esta novela de viaje, pretendemos dilucidar algunas de sus claves temáticas y estilísticas que presiden su construcción narrativa laberíntica y enigmática.
Viajeros españoles en los países rumanos en el siglo XVI: Diego Galán y su relato sobre Valaquia
Authors: Sâmbrian Oana Andreia
Published: November 2016

El artículo se propone traer a colación un tema casi sin estrenar en el campo de la literatura de viajes: el relato de Diego Galán sobre Valaquia, tema sobre el que, hasta la fecha, no existe más que un artículo publicado hace 50 años por Alexandru Ciorãnescu. Nuestro estudio propone un nuevo análisis del texto, desde una doble perspectiva, histórico-filológica, gracias a la cual se podrá indagar mejor en la creación incipiente del prototipo de la cultura y del espacio rumano en la mentalidad española.
Linking dei contenuti multimediali tra ontologie multilingui: i verbi di azione tra IMAGACT e BabelNet
Authors: Gregori Lorenzo , Ravelli Andrea Amelio , Panunzi Alessandro
Published: November 2016

We present a study dealing with the linking between two multilingual and multimedial resources, BabelNet and IMAGACT. The task aims to connect the videos contained in the IMAGACT Ontology of Actions and the related verb entries in BabelNet. The linking experiment is based on an algorithm that exploits the lexical information of the two resources. The results show that is possible to achieve an extensive linking between the two ontologies. This linking is highly desirable in order to build a rich multimedial knowledge base that can be exploited for the following complex tasks: the reference disambiguation and the automatic/assisted translation of both the verbs and the sentences which refer to actions.
Automatic extraction of Word Combinations from corpora: evaluating methods and benchmarks
Authors: Nissim Malvina , Castagnoli Sara , Masini Francesca , Lebani Gianluca E. , Passaro Lucia , Lenci Alessandro
Published: November 2016

We report on three experiments aimed at comparing two popular methods for the automatic extraction of Word Combinations from corpora, with a view to evaluate: i) their efficacy in acquiring data to be included in a combinatory resource for Italian; ii) the impact of different types of benchmarks on the evaluation itself.
Climate Change and Land Suitability for Potato Cultivation in India
Authors: Naitam Ravindra Kashinath , Deshmukt Preeti , Moharana P. C. , Ramteke Indal K. , Singh R. S. , Singh S. K.
Published: November 2016

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops in India accounting for 20-25% of area under cultivation of vegetables and grown in a wide range of climatic conditions. It is grown in almost all states under diversified agro-climatic conditions. Nearly 80% of the crop is grown in Indo- Gangetic plains comprising Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and other parts of India like Gujarat and Karnataka. Moreover, within the country, there is a lot of heterogeneity in potato productivity depending upon mostly on management and climatic conditions. The viability of commercial potato production is influenced by spatial and temporal variability in soils, agro climate, and the availability of water resources. The inter and intra-regional variations in productivity within the country are attributed to the variations in bio-physical factors vis-a-vis specific soil-climatic requirements of the crop. The present chapter discusses the impact of climate change on the land resources requirement for potato crop with reference to Indian context.
Towards the Development of Salt-Tolerant Potato
Authors: Omondi John Okoth
Published: November 2016

Soil salinity is a major constrain to crop production and climate change accelerates it. It reduces plant water potential, causes ion imbalance, reduce plant growth and productivity, and eventually leads to death of the plant. This is the case in potato. However, potato has coping strategies such as accumulation of proline, an osmoregulator and osmoprotector. In addition, leaching of salts below the root zone is preferred, exogenous application of ascorbic acid and growth hormones are practiced to combat salinity. Breeding and genetic engineering also play key roles in salinity management of potato. Varieties such as: Amisk, BelRus, Bintje, Onaway, Sierra, and Tobique were tolerant in North America, variety Cara in Egypt, Sumi in Korea and varieties Vivaldi and Almera in Mediterranean region. Transgenic lines of Kennebec variety, lines S2 and M48 also proved tolerance due to transcription factor MYB4 encoded by rice Osmyb4 gene.
Issues of Climate Change, Impact, and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria
Authors: Ngozi Nwakor Flora , Okey Amadi C. , Chukwunwike Okwusi Moses , Chinyere Adiele Ezekiel
Published: November 2016

Climate change is a global problem affecting agricultural production, a good adaptation strategy for this phenomena should be sought for increase agricultural production. The study was conducted in Nigeria to assess the Impact of Climate Change on root and tuber crops production among farmers in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study, they were collected from NRCRI Umudike and other individual publications. The result shows that climate change had negative impact on root and tubers crops production including potato. Adaptation of Agriculture to climate change in the areas of crop and animal production, post harvest activities and capacity building, divers friction of livelihood sources through the use of different farming methods and improved agricultural practices will help to reduce the impact of climate change. Examples are establishment of forestry, generation of improved and disease resistance crop varieties addition of value into agricultural products and post harvest activities for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.
Diseases of Potato
Authors: Summuna Baby , Gupta Sachin , Gupta Moni
Published: November 2016

Potato production is seriously compromised due to prevalence of a number of diseases and they are the major constraints in potato production resulting in significant yield reduction. Integrated disease management of potato includes regular inspection for healthy seed or nursery, crop production, correct identification of the problem, cultural practices (crop rotation, sanitation etc.), biological control, soil fumigation (if necessary), seed or nursery stock treatment and disinfestations of cutting tools. Due to the ever increasing number of new fungicide resistant fungal pathogens, proper and timely diagnosis of potato diseases is becoming paramount to effective disease management, and growers need up-to-date information to help make important decisions on optimal use and timing of pesticides and other control options.
Novel Bioreactor-System for In Situ-Cultivation of Artificial Tissue
Authors: Kostova Jordanka , Schneider Sylvio , Sauer Sabine , Böhme Andrea , Casalboni Mauro , Foitzik Andreas H.
Published: November 2016

A bioreactor is a device simulating physiological environments for different biotechnological applications. In highly promising research fields like tissue engineering micro-sized bioreactors were utilized successfully promoting mammalian cells to grow and build 3D cell structures similar to in vivo environments. For any practical application and even for improved R&D it is necessary to generate and maintain a physiological environment over the whole cultivation period (hours, days or weeks, in case of artificial organs even up to months). Depending on the field of application physiological environments can comprise different parameters. In case of mammalian cell lines these parameters require a complex supply and monitoring system.
Thus, we developed a semi-automated bioreactor-system for long-term cultivation of different mammalian cell types imitating physiological conditions. The system included detection and control of the following parameters: temperature, pH-value, gas concentration and the continuous supply with nutrients. A micro fluidic network was established enabling a high through-put cultivating system as bioreactor-system. The bioreactor-system consists of several micro-sized chambers in a microliter scale (the related article discussing the micro-sized chambers “Miniaturized Flow-Through Bioreactor for Processing and Testing in Pharmacology” by Boehme et al is published within this issue). The chambers were placed in a polymeric slide each with an individual medium supply and disposal. Every single chamber thus was connected to an individual syringe-based micro-pump setup and supplied by nutrients solution with a velocity of 100μl/h. The pH-value was observed optically and controlled via CO2 supply. All gas interchanges into every single chamber were realized via semi permeable membranes. The required temperature was adjusted via an appropriate custom-fit heating system utilizing MOSFETs allocated on an aluminum board along the slides. Two slides each were housed in a PMMA case. This bioreactor-system is a first prototype for larger systems aiming for the parallel operation of up to 100 micro-sized reaction chambers.
Sheet Forming Processes for AW-7xxx Alloys: Relevant Process Parameters
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kirov Georg , Grabner Florian , Mukeli Ermal
Published: November 2016

High strength AW-7xxx sheet alloys are promising candidates to manufacture crash relevant parts, but their limited formability at room temperature presents a major challenge. Formability is controlled through heating rate, heat treatment temperature and time, quenching rate, forming temperature and strain rate. In the literature retrogression forming, W-temper forming, warm forming and hot stamping processes have been proposed to improve the formability of AW-7xxx alloys. Of these the greatest improvement in formability comes from W-temper forming and hot stamping. Considering the similarity to the conventional forming processes of cold stamping for aluminium and hot stamping for steel, the W-temper forming and hot stamping of aluminium are promising for AW-7xxx alloys.
Effect of CH4 Content on the Characteristics of Surface Layers of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Lee Insup
Published: November 2016

Plasma nitriding was performed on the 2205 duplex stainless steel samples at 400 V with a gas mixture of H2 and N2 for 15 hrs with changing N2 percent, temperature and adding various amounts of CH4. After treatment the behavior of the surface layer was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, GDOES analysis and micro-hardness testing. Potentiodynamic polarization test was also used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples. With increasing both N2 percentage from 10% to 25% and nitriding temperature from 370°C to 430°C, the thickness of nitrogen expanded austenite (S-phase) layer and surface hardness increase up to 16 μm and 1200 HV0.1 at the treatment temperature of 430°C with 25% N2, but decreases the corrosion resistance due to the formation of Cr2N and γ`(Fe, Cr)4N. Thus in order to further increase the thickness of S-phase layer and the corrosion resistance, the influence of adding various amount of CH4 (1% to 5%) in the nitriding atmosphere was investigated. Adding CH4 in the nitriding atmosphere increases the layer thickness compared with that of nitrided sample. The highest thickness can be obtained at 1 % CH4, but addition of CH4 beyond 1 % slightly decreases the layer thickness. Moreover, when nitrided at 400°C with 10% N2 and 5% CH4 content, best corrosion behavior is obtained which also have around 10 μm layer thickness and about 870 HV0.1 surface hardness.
Gas Nitriding of High-Vanadium Alloy Steel
Authors: Li Hai Zhi , Tong Wei Ping , Zuo Liang
Published: November 2016

A composite surface layer was fabricated on a high-vanadium alloy steel (HVAS) plate by means of a surface gas nitriding at 550°C for 70h. The microstructural charaterization and phase analysis of resultant nitride layers were performed using optical, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, X-ray diffraction methods and hardness measurements. The results of the investigation showed that a composite layer consisting of ε-Fe2–3N and γ'-Fe4N phases is feasible on the surface of HVAS. Vickers hardness test indicate that the hardness value of the nitrided sample is about 1100 HV at the top surface, and decreases gradually to about 700 HV in the matrix. The depth of hardened layer after surface gas nitriding was about 200 μm.
Advanced Intermetallic TiAl Alloys
Authors: Clemens Helmut , Mayer Svea
Published: November 2016

Challenging issues concerning energy efficiency and environmental politics require novel approaches to materials design. A recent example with regard to structural materials is the emergence of lightweight intermetallic TiAl alloys. Their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, low density, and high stiffness constitute a profile perfectly suitable for their application as advanced aero-engine turbine blades or as turbocharger turbine wheels in next-generation automotive engines. Advanced so-called 3rd generation TiAl alloys, such as the TNM alloy described in this paper, are complex multi-phase alloys which can be processed by ingot or powder metallurgy as well as precision casting methods. Each process leads to specific microstructures which can be altered and optimized by thermo-mechanical processing and/or subsequent heat treatments.
Affinity Viscosimetry Sensor for Enzyme Free Detection of Glucose in a Micro-Bioreaction Chamber
Authors: Liebscher Thilo , Glös Franziska , Böhme Andrea , Birkholz M. , di Vona M. , de Matteis Fabio , Foitzik Andreas H.
Published: November 2016

With the growing demand of miniaturization of cell cultivation a new approach towards measuring and sensing bio-analytes needs to be made due to the problem of small volumes (less than 150μl) containing small amounts of analytes. Most of the available glucose sensors monitor the glucose concentration with the help of enzymes, which become very inaccurate in terms of long time measurement and uses (i.e. consumes) glucose during the measurement becoming not available anymore for the cells. Therefore, we focused on applying an enzyme-free glucose sensor based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS).
Microstructure of Z-Phase Strengthened Martensitic Steels: Meeting the 650°C Challenge
Authors: Liu Fang , Rashidi Masoud , Hald John , Reißig Lutz , Andrén Hans Olof
Published: November 2016

We studied three series of Z-phase strengthened steels using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography to reveal the detailed microstructure of these steels. In particular, the phase transformation from M(C,N) to Z-phase (CrMN) was studied. Carbon content in the steels is the governing factor in this transformation. The impact toughness of some test alloys was rather low. This is attributed to the formation of a continuous W-rich film along prior austenite grain boundaries. Cu and C addition to the test alloys changed Laves phase morphology to discrete precipitates and improved toughness dramatically. BN particles were found in some steels. Formation of BN is directly linked to the B concentration in the steels.
Influence of Coiling on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Strip-Cast Low-Carbon Low-Niobium Steel
Authors: Jiang Lu , Dorin Thomas , Marceau Ross , Stanford Nicole , Hodgson Peter
Published: November 2016

As-cast low-carbon low-niobium steels fabricated by direct strip casting (DSC) were treated by simulated coiling in the lab. Coiling temperatures were carefully selected: (1) 900 ̊C (in the austenite); (2) 700 ̊C (during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation); (3) 650 ̊C (in the ferrite). Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructure constituents and the precipitates. Mechanical properties were evaluated by Vickers macrohardness measurements. The results show that coiling treatment has a strong influence on the final microstructure and mechanical properties, thus highlighting the necessity to carefully design the coiling treatment. In addition, the differences in hardness for the three coiling temperatures derive from a complex combination of different strengthening mechanisms.
The Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Coupling on Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Al-Li 2198-T8 Alloy via Friction Spot Welding
Authors: Gao Chong , Ma Yue , Pei Yan Ling , Li Shu Suo , Li Ji Zhong , Dong Ji Hong
Published: November 2016

Al-Li 2198-T8 alloy sheet was processed by friction spot welding (FSpW). The microstructures and tensile properties of FSpW 2198-T8 alloy were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing. The results show that the grain size of Al-Li 2198-T8 alloy processed by FSpW was refined with the strengthening precipitates dissolved into Al matrix and dislocation density decreased. Hence, the plasticityin thermo-mechanical coupling zone (TMCZ) of FSpW 2198-T8 alloy was improved, while the yield strength (YS) of TMCZ zone was lower than the original material (239 MPa <470 MPa). In addition, the strengthening mechanisms of different zones of FSpW 2198-T8 alloy were estimated.
Substituting of a Thermodynamic Simulation with a Metamodel in the Scope of Multiscale Modelling
Authors: Macioł Piotr , Szeliga Danuta , Sztangret Łukasz
Published: November 2016

A typical multiscale simulation consists of numerous fine scale models, usually one for each computational point of a coarse scale model. One of possible ways of limiting computing power requirements is replacing fine scale models with some simplified and speeded up ersatz ones. In this paper, the authors attempt to develop a metamodel, replacing direct thermodynamic computations of precipitation kinetic with an advanced approximating model. MatCalc simulator has been used for thermodynamic modelling of precipitation kinetic. Typical heat treatment of P91 steel grade was examined. Selected variables were chosen to be modelled with approximating models. Several attempts with various approximation variants (interpolation algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks) have been investigated and its comparison is included in the paper.
A Novel Facility to Investigate Dust Mobilization in Confined Environments with Applications to the Security of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Malizia A. , Gelfusa M. , Murari A. , Richetta Maria , Ciparisse J.F. , Poggi L.A. , Lungaroni M. , Gaudio Pasquale
Published: November 2016

Many pharmaceutical industries all around the world are facing the problem of dust mobilization during the productive process of medicines. This mobilization can be dangerous for the safety of the operators working in the factory and for the safety of the factory itself. It is therefore necessary to develop predictive models to simulate and forecast dust mobilization. The Quantum Electronics and Plasma Physics (QEP) Research Group of the University of Rome Tor Vergata has developed a facility to experimentally replicate dust mobilization in different critical conditions in an enclosed environment. The measurements performed with diagnostics available in the facility, provide the boundary conditions to run numerical simulations and to validate mobilization models . Even if the initial field of application of this novel facility is dust mobilization is nuclear fusion, the methodology developed can be used for the medicine industry, for the agribusiness and others. The authors will present the experimental and numerical results discussing new applications.
Enhancement of Mechanical Biocompatibility of Titanium Alloys by Deformation-Induced Transformation
Authors: Niinomi Mitsuo
Published: November 2016

Metastable β-type titanium alloys are highly suitable for use as structural biomaterials applied to hard tissue, i.e., as cortical bone (hereafter, bone) replacing implants. However, their mechanical biocompatibitities, such as the Young’s modulus, strength and ductility balance, fatigue strength, resistance against fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness, require improvenent for increased compatibility with bone. Through deformation, the metastable β-phase in a metastable β-type titanium alloy is transformed into various phases, such as α’ martensite, α” martensite, and ω-phases with exact phase depending by metastable β-phase stability. In addition, twinning is also induced by deformation. Deformation twinning effectively enhances the work hardening in the metastable β-type titanium alloy, leading to increased strength and ductility. This improvement is accompanied by with other deformation-induced transformations including the appearance of deformation-induced martensite and ω-phase transformation. The enhancement of the mechanical biocompatibility of various materials using the abovementioned deformation-induced transformation is described in this paper, for both newly developed metastable β-type Ti-Mo and Ti-Cr alloys for biomedical applications.
Influence of Niobium Content on the Hot Mechanical Behavior of Nickel Alloys
Authors: Matougui N. , Piot David , Fares M.L. , Montheillet Frank
Published: November 2016

Nickel-base superalloys are usually employed for large forged parts in aerospace industry. A comprehensive understanding of their mechanical behavior during hot working is required, especially for manufacturers in order to enhance the in-service properties.
In this context, the first part of the work aims at investigating the mechanical behavior of nickel during hot deformation, with particular emphasis on the influence of niobium additions in solid solution. For this purpose, a series of wrought model alloys including pure nickel and Ni-Nb alloys (Ni-0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt. % Nb) were prepared and deformed by hot torsion at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C degrees and at three (von Mises equivalent) strain rates of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 s-1. Afterwards, the key rheological parameters that characterize strain hardening and dynamic recovery were determined through a simple analytical method based on the classical Laasraoui-Jonas constitutive equation, allowing reasonable fit for the flow curves for all studied Ni-Nb alloys. In this way, the effect of niobium solutes on the fundamental mechanisms of deformation was well highlighted. In the second part, three usual models describing strain hardening and dynamic recovery, referred to as the Laasraoui-Jonas (LJ), Kocks-Mecking (KM), and power law (PW) equations are compared within the range of moderate strains. Transformation formulae are derived, allowing the parameters of one law to be computed from the parameters of any of the two others. The theoretical derivations are illustrated by the specific case of a Ni-Nb alloy in the solid solution domain.
Effects of Hybrid Structures on the Stress Reduction and Thermal Properties of Joints in Electronics Devices
Authors: Matsushima Michiya , Nakashima Noriyasu , Nishioka Satoshi , Fukumoto Shinji , Fujimoto Kozo
Published: November 2016

Electronics devices consist of silicon chips, copper leads, resin or ceramics substrates and which are jointed to each other with solder, conductive adhesive or other materials. Each coefficient of thermal expansion is different and it causes strain concentration and cracks. The solder easily deformed by the difference of the thermal expansion and it relieved the stress on the devices however the epoxy resin of the conductive adhesives are harder. So we suggested the composed joint including the relaxation layers of low elastic material. The shear strength and elongation of the epoxy resin joint, silicone rubber joint and the composite joint of the two materials were investigated. The analytical study was carried out to clarify the stress reduction effect of the design of the relaxation layer in the composite joints. The parameters such as the width, height, pitch and the distance of the relaxation layer from the joint edge are investigated. The high relaxation layer close to the joint edge effectively reduced the stress of the joint. The stress reduction effect appeared in the different pitch of the layers.
Formation of Hydrogen by Ball Milling of Mg and Mg Alloy in Seawater
Authors: Matsuzaki Kunio , Murakami Takashi
Published: November 2016

Mg alloy chips produced by machining processes are fine and active, and thus difficult to recycle by melting. The treatment of Mg chips is one of the concerns for expansion of the application of Mg alloys. Therefore, suitable processing for Mg chips is necessary. Mg alloys have the disadvantage of poor corrosion resistivity, and high reactivity with water, leading to the hydrogen and Mg hydroxide. This hydrolysis reaction is enhanced by the presence of NaCl in water. In this study, hydrogen was produced by the hydrolysis reaction of Mg chips generated by machining and seawater. Furthermore, ball milling was performed to enhance the formation of hydrogen. The hydrolysis reaction combined with the ball milling produced 795mL of hydrogen for 1g of Mg chips after 120 min. However, only 180 mL of hydrogen was obtained by the reaction without ball milling; a notable improvement in hydrogen formation was observed. A similar result was obtained for AZ91 chips. It is believed that the combined process of hydrolysis and ball milling is useful for the production of hydrogen with the disposal of Mg chips.
Effect of Nature Chemical Linker on the Formation of a Zeolitic Layer on Zirconia Substrates
Authors: Medina-Ramirez Adriana , Flores-Diaz Alicia Amairani
Published: November 2016

Zeolites posses a high stability, high specific surface area and pores tridimensional system that make them useful to formation of inorganic membranes. During membranes synthesis different parameters should be considered such as nature substrate and the method used in order to obtain a membrane according to its application field. In the present work the formation of a zeolitic layer on the functionalized surface of zirconia substrates was studied. Zirconia disks of ten millimeters of diameter were prepared. They were submitted a chemical functionalization with three different chemical linkers: polyethylenimine (PEI), polydialildimethylamine chloride (PDDA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS). Subsequently the substrates were submitted to a seeding process, where their surface was grafted with zeolitic crystals corresponding to W zeolite. In order to promote the formation of zeolitic layer the substrates were submitted a hydrothermal treatment with a batch composition similar to that used in the W zeolite synthesis, at 150°C for 48 h. The crystallization products were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicated that the chemical linker enhances the formation of a homogeneous zeolitic layer on the substrate and besides acts as structural directing agent allowing to crystallization of a different zeolitic phase to that used in the seeding process, the merlinoite. The morphology, crystalline phase and thickness of zeolitic layer formed on the surface of the substrate depend of the nature of chemical linker used and its interaction with the substrate.
Impact of the Confinement on the Intra-Cage Dynamics of Molecular Hydrogen in Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Russina Margarita , Kemner Evout , Mezei Ferenc
Published: November 2016

We have studied the diffusive mobility of hydrogen molecules confined in different size cages in clathrate hydrates. In clathrate hydrate H2 molecules are effectively stored by confinement in two different size cages of the nanoporous host structure with accessible volumes of about 0.50 and 0.67 nm diameters, respectively. For the processes of sorption and desorption of the stored hydrogen the diffusive mobility of the molecules plays a fundamental role. In the present study we have focused on the dynamics of the H2 molecules inside the cages as one aspect of global guest molecule mobility across the crystalline host structure. We have found that for the two cage sizes different in diameter by only 34 % and in volume by about a factor of 2.4, the dimension can modify the diffusive mobility of confined hydrogen in both directions, i.e. reducing and surprisingly enhancing mobility compared to the bulk at the same temperature. In the smaller cages of clathrate hydrates hydrogen molecules are localized in the center of the cages even at temperatures >100 K. Confinement in the large cages leads to the onset already at T=10 K of jump diffusion between sorption sites separated from each other by about 2.9 Å at the 4 corners of a tetrahedron. At this temperature bulk hydrogen is frozen at ambient pressure and shows no molecular mobility on the same time scale. A particular feature of this diffusive mobility is the pronounced dynamic heterogeneity: only a temperature dependent fraction of the H2 molecules was found mobile on the time scale covered by the neutron spectrometer used. The differences in microscopic dynamics inside the cages of two different sizes can help to explain the differences in the parameters of macroscopic mobility: trapping of hydrogen molecules in smaller pores matching the molecule size can to play a role in the higher desorption temperature for the small cages.
Effects of α+γ Intercritical and γ Single-Phase Annealing on Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel Sheets
Authors: Minami Hidekazu , Kaneko Shinjiro , Okuda Kaneharu , Nagataki Yasunobu
Published: November 2016

Dual-phase (DP) steel sheets composed of both soft ferritic and hard martensitic phases are typical advanced high strength steel sheets applicable to a variety of automobile parts. The crystallite texture of the steel sheet is one of the important factors that influence press formability. However, the texture of the martensite itself in DP steels has not been discussed since the texture was generally measured by the X-ray diffraction method, which does not distinguish the texture of martensite from that of ferrite. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of intercritical and γ single-phase annealing on the texture evolution in DP steels by a newly-developed analysis method using Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) to obtain the texture of each phase separately. The chemical composition of the steel used was 0.1%C-1.2%Si-2.3%Mn-0.1%Ti (mass%). The 1st-annealing was carried out at 948K, which is below the Ac1 temperature, in order to finish recrystallization after hot and cold rolling so as to focus on the transformation texture evolution itself. The steels were subsequently annealed both at 1123K in the intercritical region and at 1223K in the γ single-phase region to obtain DP microstructures with approximately 40% volume fraction of martensite. The overall texture including martensite in the case of intercritical annealing was similar to the initial texture before annealing, while the texture became randomized in the case of γ single-phase annealing. Moreover, our unique EBSD analysis method clearly showed that the textures of the martensite themselves were close to those of ferrite under the two annealing conditions.
Thermomechanical Adhesion between Metallic Glass and Die Materials
Authors: Monfared Amir , Liu Wei Dong , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: November 2016

Thermoplastic forming is a promising method for fabricating metallic glass (MG) products with complex shapes. This method can avoid the difficulties encountered in other manufacturing processes, such as very high cooling rate required by casting and catastrophic cracking in machining. However, during thermoplastic forming the adhesion between dies and MGs restricts the production. It is therefore important to explore the underlying adhesion mechanisms during forming and establish guidelines for selecting proper die materials. In this paper, we comprehensively studied the adhesion between La-based MG and some widely-used die materials (electroless Ni-P, Si, alumina and silicon nitride) in the thermoplastic forming process. It was found that, among these die materials, alumina has the best performance, which is attributed to its strong chemical bonds and low surface energy. The study concludes that the surface energy and the type of chemical bonds can be proper indicators for selecting die materials.
Effect of Deformation Structure on Strength of a Low Alloyed Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy
Authors: Morozova A. , Belyakov Andrey , Kaibyshev Rustam
Published: November 2016

The microstructure evolution and strength properties of a Cu-0.096%Cr-0.057%Zr alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at a temperature of 673 K via route BC to total strains of 1 to 4 were examined. The planar low-angle boundaries with moderate misorientations form within initial grains during the first ECAP passes. Upon further processing the misorientations of these boundaries progressively increase and the formation of new ultrafine grains occurs as a result of continuous dynamic recrystallization. Partially recrystallized ultrafine grained structure evolves at strains above 4. After straining to 4 the (sub) grain size attains 0.65 μm. The large plastic straining provides significant strengthening. The ultimate tensile strength increases from 190 MPa in the initial state to 420 MPa after 4 ECAP passes. A modified Hall-Petch analysis is applied to investigate the contribution of grain refinement and dislocation density to the overall strengthening.
Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys Containing a Large Amount of Zr
Authors: Murayama Yonosuke , Enkhjavkhlan Erdnechuluun , Chiba Akihiko
Published: November 2016

The Young’s modulus of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy varies with the composition of Cr, Sn and Zr, in which the elements act as β stabilizers. Some Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys show very low Young’s modulus under 50GPa. The amount of Zr in alloys with very low Young's modulus increases with the decrease of Cr. We investigated the Young’s modulus and deformation behavior of Ti-xCr-Sn-Zr (x=0~1mass%) alloys containing a large amount of Zr.
The quenched microstructure of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys changes from martensitic structure to β single-phase structure if the amounts of β stabilized elements are increased. The Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys with compositions close to the transitional composition of microstructure from martensite to β phase show minimum Young’s modulus. The clear microstructural transition disappears and the minimum Young’s modulus increases if the amount of Cr becomes too small. In Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys containing a large amount of Zr, Young’s modulus depends on β phase that is intermingled with martensite.
Microstructure Formation of High Pressure Torsion Processed (α + γ) Two Phase Stainless Steel
Authors: Ota Mie , Nanya Daiki , Vajpai Sanjay Kumar , Ameyama Kei , Edalati Kaveh , Horita Zenji
Published: November 2016

(α + γ) two phase stainless steel (Fe-21%Cr-4.8%Ni-1.5%Mo) powder was processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) and consolidation at room temperature. The received powder had fully α single phase due to the rapid cooling during gas atomizing process. Specimens after HPT process were heat treated at 1173K for 3.6ks. It was revealed that the decomposition of α phase to γ took place during the heat treatment. Detailed microstructure observation showed that an equiaxed (α + γ) micro-duplex structure was developed and its average grain size was approximately 3.2 micrometers. The same heat treatment given to the material without HPT resulted in a coarse two phase microstructure.Therefore, it is considered that an ultra fine grained microstructure was caused by increasing of nucleation sites for γ phase due to severe plastic deformation (SPD) of HPT process. Electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSD) analysis indicated that α phase has a {110}/ND strong texture, that is, the α phase seems to have single orientated coarse grain structure. The γ precipitates indicated a {111}/ND strong texture, and the crystallographic orientation relationship of Kurdjumov-Sachs was observed.
Influence of Flash Treatment on Pseudoelastic Behaviour of Biomedical Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn Alloy
Authors: Zhu Su Ming , Zhu Yu Man , Dargusch Matthew , Nie Jian Feng
Published: November 2016

The effect of heat treatment on tensile properties, especially pseudoelastic behaviour of hot-rolled Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn (wt.%) alloy has been studied. The as-rolled alloy shows high strength due to the presence of nanoscale ω and α precipitates, but it suffers from limited ductility. The conventional solution plus ageing treatment improves the ductility, but it has an adverse effect on the psudoelastic properties. By applying flash treatment (500 °C for 2 min), the alloy is found to have not only balanced strength and ductility, but also improved psudoelastic properties, such as higher recovery strain and lower elastic modulus. The microstructural changes associated with the flash treatment are revealed.
Characteristic Features of the Modulated Structure Appearing in the Multiferroic Material Bi1-xSmxFeO3 around x = 0.15
Authors: Nomoto Masashi , Inoshita Takumi , Inoue Yasuhide , Horibe Yoichi , Koyama Yasumasa
Published: November 2016

In Bi1-xSmxFeO3 (BSFO) having the multiferroic BiFeO3 as an end material, when the Sm content increases from x = 0, it has been reported that the ferroelectric-R3c state is changed into the paraelectric-Pnma state around x = 0.14. The R3c/Pnma state boundary around x = 0.14 can be regarded as a temperature-independent morphotropic-phase boundary (MPB). The notable feature in BSFO is that, in addition to these two states, the antiferroelectric PbZrO3-type state was also found in the vicinity of the MPB. Although the PbZrO3-type state appears as a modulated structure, its detailed features have not been understood yet. We have thus examined the crystallographic features of prepared BSFO samples around x = 0.14, mainly by transmission electron microscopy. The PbZrO3-type state was confirmed to be present in samples with x = 0.15 on the basis of x-ray powder diffraction profiles measured from prepared samples at 300 K. On the other hand, the observation made by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the state for x = 0.15 is characterized by a coexistence state consisting of the ferroelectric-R3c and antiferroelectric PbZrO3-type states. In particular, the crystal structure of the PbZrO3-type state could be identified as a modulated structure with two transverse modulation waves, whose wave vectors are given by q1 = [1/2 0 0]o and q2 = [0 1/2 0]o in the orthorhombic-Pnma notation. In addition, eigenvectors of these two transverse waves were also determined to be parallel to the same [001]o direction.
Deformation Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Subjected to Warm Rolling
Authors: Odnobokova Marina , Belyakov Andrey , Kaibyshev Rustam
Published: November 2016

The deformation microstructures and mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel subjected to warm plate rolling were studied. The warm rolling was carried out at 300°C to different total true strains of 0.5, 1, 2 or 3. The structural changes during warm rolling were characterized by the elongation of original grains towards the rolling direction and the development of spatial network of strain-induced high-angle boundaries leading to the evolution of ultrafine-grained microstructure at sufficiently large strains. The grain refinement was assisted by the development of deformation twinning. After straining to 3, the transverse grain size decreased down to 220 nm in the warm rolled samples. The warm plate rolling resulted in significant strengthening. The microhardness increased from 2910 MPa to 4192 MPa with increase in the total strain from 0.5 to 3. Correspondingly, the yield strength approached 1005 MPa after warm rolling to a total strain of 3.
Deformation Behavior of Inhomogeneous Layered Microstructure
Authors: Pancholi V. , Raja A. , Rohit K.
Published: November 2016

Multipass friction stir processing (FSP) technique was used to get inhomogeneous layered microstructure in Al 5086 alloy. Different proportions of fine and coarse grain microstructures were generated using FSP. In the present work, material with inhomogeneous layered microstructure generated using FSP was subjected to deformation at temperature of 500°C and at strain rate in the range of 5×10-4 to 1×10-2 s-1. It was observed that the inhomogeneous layered microstructure with more than 50% fine grain microstructure is required to get higher elongation to failure. However material having homogeneous fine grain microstructure showed lower elongation to failure than the material having both fine and coarse grain microstructures. By varying the proportion of fine and coarse grain microstructures higher ductility was obtained at higher strain rate as compared to a material with homogeneous microstructure. It is clear that materials with inhomogeneous microstructure are not following “rule of mixture” type of behaviour.
Effect of Aluminum Content on Texture Formation Behaviors in Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Park Min Soo , Park Hyung Gyun , Choi Jun Ho , Kim Kwon Hoo
Published: November 2016

In order to understand the effects of the solute element and its concentration on the formation of texture, uniaxial compression tests were carried out at various deformation conditions with different aluminum solute concentration in rolled AZ magnesium alloy (AZ31, AZ61, AZ91). To clarify the texture measurements and crystal orientation distribution, X-ray diffraction methods were conducted on mid plane section of the specimens. As a result in this study, the formation of fiber texture and occurrence of dynamic recrystallization were observed in all case of specimens. The main components and its sharpness of texture were varied depending on deformation conditions and Al concentrations. Especially, accumulation of basal texture was developed with an increasing of Al concentration.
Effect of High Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Self-Hardening Al-Based Alloy
Authors: Peter Ildiko , Castella Christian , Lombardo Silvia , Rosso Mario
Published: November 2016

Cost-effective, modified, self-hardening Al-based alloy is proposed for automotive and aircraft industries. AlZn10Si8Mg is produced by permanent mould casting technique, and the obtained material is re-melted to refine and modify its microstructure and to develop a mechanically more efficient alloy. Ti as grain refiner, in form of TiB, and modifier, in forms of AlSr, were added to the basic alloy composition. Microstructural analysis and impact toughness evaluation were performed at room temperature and up to 180°C. The results obtained confirm that the proposed alloy reveal good properties in the considered temperature range, and demonstrate their applicability for structural components development in the aforementioned areas and in a wide range of temperature.