bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) by the communities around the PT Toba Pulp Lestari
Authors: Azhar I , Nasution Z , Delvian  , Agussabti  , Aulin F R , Sembiring M R
Published: June 2021

Sugar Palm plants are multifunctional plants, with all parts of the plant that can be used for human survival. The palm tree is one of the balancing plants for the ecosystem and rural ecology. The purpose of this study was to determine the utilization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) plants and production process of sugar palm carried out by the community live around the area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari. Observation and data collection were made with interview and questionnaires to the respondents. The results revealed that the most common use the utilization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) by the community around the PT Toba Pulp Lestari area was to produce palm wine, so-calledtuak, through tapping techniques and traditional fermentation process. Another use that is seek by the community is to harvesting fruit and palm fibre which provide additional income for them. The utilization of palm sugar has the potential to provide economic added value to the community accompanied by proper cultivation and appropriate processing of yields due to high demand of sugar palm derivative products.
Local wisdom of Muna Community in utilizing of yard as family food security
Authors: Widayati W , Abdullah W G , Romantiaulia W I , Mihrad E S
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the yard utilizing of the Muna Community as family food security and analyze local wisdom of the Muna Community in utilizing of their yards as a source of family food. The research was qualitative research, with informants from the Muna Community who have lived in the research location and utilized the yard as a family food source for at least 10 years, and Muna farmer community leaders who understand the meaning and function of plants and the Muna family’s food needs. Data collection techniques were interviews, indepth-interview and FGD. Qualitative analysis was used in this research. The results showed thatThe Muna Community’s yards were utilized by planting carbohydrate food sources (corn, tubers, taro, banana); protein (peanuts); minerals and vitamins (papaya, Moringa, Kondoru, coconut, lemongrass, galangal) and others andthe yard utilization of Muna Community as a form of knowledge discovered by the Muna Community through a collection of experiences in trying and integrated with an understanding of the culture and natural conditions of a place of houses. It made it possible to strengthen family food security which was more efficient and productive in utilizing the yard.
Prototypes of innovative and creative products from laboratory of forest products technology
Authors: Nuryawan A , Risnasari I , Sadalia I
Published: June 2021

Three types of prototypes of innovative and creative products have been made in Laboratory of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. According to the origin of raw material, the products are consisted of recycle paper, natural dye, and plastics waste. Production methods were as follows: recycle paper was produced using used paper with addition thermoplastic adhesive. Natural dyes derived from plants and they were applied mainly into fabrics using eco-print technique. Plastics waste originated from beverages bottles and packaging were mixed with wood and converted into eco-friendly souvenir. Results of this study: recycle paper can be used as book cover, campaign media, eco-print media and egg tray. Natural dyes in conjunction with eco-printing technique have been patterned not only on fabrics but also onto paper, wood, leather and ceramics become décor paper, stationary, women and seminar needs and mugs, respectively. Mixture of plastics waste and wood become eco-friendly souvenirs in various composition and shape. Limited and simply testing were carried out and discussed. Advance examination is still needed to assess the quality of the products. Determination of packaging, pricing and market sharing of these various innovative and creative products should be also studied further.
Mitigation strategy of human tiger conflict in Leuser Ecosystem using SWOT matrix
Authors: Patana P , Alikodra H S , Mawengkang H , Harahap R H
Published: June 2021

Human and tiger conflict (HTC) has become one of the main drivers’ factor of the decline population of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). The Leuser Ecosystem is an important landscape for tiger habitat covering13 districts in Aceh Province and 4 districts in North Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to analyse the HTC mitigation strategy based on internal and external factors at Leuser. The location was chosen by purposive sampling in two potential areas of conflict, namely Timbang Lawan (TL) Village, in Langkat Regency and Panton Luas (PL) Village in South Aceh Regency. These two villages are directly adjacent to the tiger habitat. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents are experts and people living in conflict areas. The analysis was carried out using SWOT to measure IFAS (strengths and weaknesses) and EFAS (opportunities and threats). The results of the SWOT analysis show the differences in the mitigation strategies of each location. The comparison of IFAS and EFAS values places Timbang Lawan in quadrant III (WO strategy) while Panton Luas in quadrant I (SO strategy).
Potential of above-ground biomass (AGB) of mangrove vegetation restoration in Lubuk Kertang
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Hudjimartsu S A
Published: June 2021

Mangrove forests have a critical role in supporting coastal areas. Mangrove forests have various functions of environmental services, one of which is a store of carbon stocks. The existence of mangrove forests continues to experience extensive damage and decline. Mangrove restoration is an effort to restore the damaged mangrove to its original condition, as was done by Lubuk Kertang Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for AGB the restorations of mangrove vegetation. The method used is to calculate AGB of mangrove vegetation using allometric equations for estimating AGB from several researchers. The results showed the potential AGB content of the restoration of mangrove vegetation was 114.44 tons/ha. This yield is greater than the natural mangroves in the area, which is only 97.83 tons/ha.
Optimization of sustainable sugar industry towards food security
Authors: Rafiqi  , Saidin O K , Lubis M Y , Ikhsan E
Published: June 2021

World Trade Forum (WTO) that sugar commodity is one of the agricultural commodities. The operation of the sugar business unit must be continued to support the government program in the Sugar Self Sufficiency effort given the rapid development of sugar needs while increasing production is relatively unbalanced. Sugar self-sufficiency and increasing the income of sugar cane farmers is one of the objectives of the government of the United Indonesia Cabinet II. The type of research in this paper is normative juridical research. The nature of this research is analytical descriptive. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to optimize the sugar industry as food security and how alternative policies for achieving sugar self-sufficiency. Food security according to Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food is defined as a condition for the fulfilment of food for the state to individuals, which is reflected in the availability of adequate, evenly affordable food and does not conflict with religion, both in quantity and in safe quality, diverse, nutritious, trustworthy and community culture to be able to live healthy, active and productive in a sustainable manner.
Indonesian economic strength from food security of sustainable agricultural and fishery sectors
Authors: Siskha T , Syahrin A , Suhaidi  , Ekaputra M
Published: June 2021

The concept of sustainable development comes from the environmental sectors. It covered by sustainable development include the agricultural and fishery sector. The sustainable fishery is a collection of activities that provide long-term production sustainability, maintain the balance of ecosystems through generations, and preserve biological, social, and economic systems. However, irresponsible fishing activities such as illegal fishing greatly disrupt the development of sustainable fishery. Besides that, Indonesia has vast amount of potential agricultural land, specifically 100.7 million hectares consisting of 24.5 million hectares suitable for wetlands (rice fields). Having a tropical climate, it is possible to conduct agricultural activities throughout the year. This study aims at analysing illegal fishing as threat to sustainable fishery development and observing land usage systems in integrated agricultural activities. This research utilizes a legal method with a normative juridical approach. Data was collected through a literature review and analysed qualitatively. The results suggest three elements in implementing sustainable agricultural and fishery development, namely economic, ecological, and social elements. Illegal fishing and sustainable agricultural development both affect the attainment of these elements. As a recommendation, implementing sustainable fisheries and agriculture management system which includes efforts to minimize illegal fishing and increase world food barns are very necessary.
Corporate governance in realizing sustainable plantation in Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi M I , Nasution B , Sirait N N , Sunarmi
Published: June 2021

Oil palm plantations have significant revenue for Indonesia where most of the palm plantation are State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principle in plantation business management is sought to create added value for stakeholders, especially for the environment. The problem discussed in this paper is how corporate governance achieves sustainable plantation. This is normative juridical research supported by a literature review. The results show that palm plantation management cannot be separated from the situation and responsibility to the environment. The application of GCG principles as a guideline in management of SOE plantation has been regulated to create a sustainable business. Furthermore, in balancing the influence of business, the social and environmental responsibilities, there is a management regulation concerning its roles for the community which is known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Ideally, plantation companies should not only reach the maximum profit in exploiting and marketing natural resources. They should also consider the best interests of society and the environmental impact of their business activities. In conclusion, Plantation SOEs must strive to minimize the impact on the environment. The internalization of GCG in environmentally oriented plantation SOEs creates sustainable plantation businesses.
Analysis of independent oil palm farming income after replanting in Muaro Jambi District
Authors: Ernawati H D , Saputra A , Alamsyah Z , Napitupulu D M T , Yanita M , Fauzia G
Published: June 2021

Palm oil is a plantation commodity that has high economic value and has the potential to be developed in Jambi Province. One of the districts in Jambi Province whose farmers cultivate oil palm is Muaro Jambi. This research was conducted to analyse independent oil palm farming income after replanting in Sungai Bahar Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District. This study shows that there are still many farmers in the study area who only cultivate oil palm as their main source of income (43.3%). Farmers own 2 lands, i.e., replanted land is the land that has been replanted by farmers or land when they partnered with an oil palm plantation company where replanting was carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2019. Whereas the non-replanting land that was purchased or opened by farmers independently and independently still at the age of productive oil palm plants. The income earned by farmers from the land that has been replanted is IDR. 22,229,912/year and from the land that has not been replanted is IDR. 15,840,852/year.
Impact of smallholder inclusivity to the sustainability of the marketing channel
Authors: Chalil D , Barus R , Alamsyah Z , Mawardati  , Sadalia I
Published: June 2021

Smallholders are a group of oil palm growers in Indonesia, having a share of more than 40% of the Indonesian oil palm plantation area. There are a number of weaknesses that limit their inclusivity in the industry, posing a risk to their sustainability. This study analyses this hypothesis through 3 different types of smallholders representing the highest to the lowest level of inclusivity, namely ex-plasma partner, independent partner, and independent non-partner. Data were collected from 217 smallholders, 8 village collectors, 4 RAM and 2 mills from the province of Riau, Jambi and South Sumatra. Higher selling prices, lower profit margins, and more efficient marketing channel are used to indicate business sustainability. Shepherd, Acharya and Aggarwal, and Composite Index agree that higher selling prices and lower profit margins improve the marketing channel efficiencies, while the Marketing Efficiency Index and Soekartawi marketing efficiency values agree that lower cost of production will do so. The results show that on average, plasma/ex-plasma smallholders present the highest selling price, lowest total profit margin, and high production costs. This is caused by fertilizer usage that follows the recommended amount, improving productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusivity could improve the sustainability of smallholder marketing channels.
The role and impact of oil palm plantations in landscape management in South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Chalil D , Barus R , Affandi O
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted in South Tapanuli District, which is one of the two oil palm centres implementing the landscape management project. Data collected from Regional Plan documents and 169 smallholder samples and analysed with Cross Tabulation and Compare Means Test. The results show that landscape management has been implemented through Regional Planning and various regulations. However, many institutions are authorized to manage landscape, which occasionally result in confusing and contradictory decisions. Through regulations, the Government has limited the expansion of oil palm plantations by specifying Forest and Food Regions. Intensification and diversification approaches are also considered as alternatives for balancing land allocations among sectors and commodities. Intensification is taught through the Sustainable Oil Palm Field School Program, which can improve smallholder knowledge and implementation of landscape management. However, smallholders with larger plantation areas are less interested in participating in the program. Diversifications were indicated through the smallholder cropping system, which is focused on potential commodities such as rubber, coffee or cacao. Smallholders perceive other commodities as less profitable because most of their agribusiness systems are less developed than the palm oil agribusiness system. Therefore, improvement in every potential agribusiness system is recommended to optimize landscape management in South Tapanuli.
Identification of internal and external factors in replanting oil palm
Authors: Fauzia G , Alamsyah Z , Yanita M , Napitupulu D , Ernawati H D , Elwamendri
Published: June 2021

Oil palm plantations have contributed great to national growth. It is noted that Indonesia has been the leading crude palm oil (CPO) producers since Year 2006 in the word. The sustainability of oil palm plantations is an important part of the sustainability of the national economy. The replanting oil palm program is one of the programs developed by the government this study was to identify internal and external factor in replanting oil palm. The method used is the Focus Group Discission (FGD) was attended by relevant agencies, stakeholders, literatures and previous research studies. This study showed that in the replanting oil palm, farmers will be faced with internal and external factors which are divided into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
History of land status, land use and land cover types of four private oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sunkar A , Santosa Y
Published: June 2021

Oil palm plantations are still believed to be the principal reason of primary forests’ damages in Southeast Asia. To verify this accusation, a survey of four private oil palm plantations was carried out in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia, to identify the history of land status, land cover types and land use prior to the conversion to these plantations. The research was conducted using overlay maps of Business Permit with Consensus-based Forest Land Use Planning/Provincial Spatial Plan maps and permits, interpretation of Landsat images of 3 years prior and 2 years after the establishment of the plantations. Interviews with various formal and informal community leaders were also conducted. Results indicated that the original land cover types of all of the research areas (100%) were not forest when the plantations were established. Most (59.50%), were formerly community lands, while 40.50% were concession areas belonging to other companies. These results corresponded with the Landsat imagery interpretations, which showed the land cover types 1 year before the conversion were mostly shrubs (59.62%), while the remaining were secondary swamp forest (18.35%), bare land (16.46%) and swamp shrubs (5.58%). This research confirmed that the four oil palm plantations, were not responsible for deforestation.
Implementation of criminal sanctions against plantation corporation for environmental pollution
Authors: Firdaus A , Suhaidi  , Sunarmi  , Leviza J
Published: June 2021

Environmental problems that occur are increasing every year, both water and air pollution. Not only human activities in the household but also due to industrial activities. One of them is in the plantation sector. Poor management of waste in the plantation industry causes environmental pollution. People who live around the plantation area are very disadvantaged. So, in this case, criminal law gives sanctions to the plantation industry corporation for deterrent effects. The problem in this study is criminal penalties against plantation companies do environmental pollution. The research method used in this study is normative juridical. This research is descriptive-analytical, which is expected to obtain a detailed and systematic description to answer the problem. The results of the study show that the sanctions given to the perpetrators of criminal acts of environmental pollution must be in the form of strict law enforcement. So that criminal law becomes the foremost law in expressing legal issues.
Effect of potassium application on morphophysiological two varieties of soybean under drought stress
Authors: Fahri R , Hanum H , Hasanah Y
Published: June 2021

Domestic soybean production is getting weaker due to drought stress which affects all aspects of plant growth and metabolism, besides using adaptive plant varieties, increasing plant nutrition, especially potassium, also affects increasing plant tolerance to drought. The research aimed to examine the effect of potassium application on the morphophysiological of two varieties of soybean under drought stress. The research was conducted in a plastic house, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, using a randomized block design with three factors. The first factor was soil water content condition, which consisted of 80% and 40% field capacity. The second factor was variety, consisted of Grobogan and Dering-1. The third factor was the application of potassium, consisted of without potassium 100, 200, 300 kg KCL ha−1. Result showed that drought stress decreased potassium uptake, the relative water content (RWC) of leaf and plant height. Grobogan variety more adaptive to drought stress with the highest plant height (71.49 cm), K content (1.77%), K uptake (43.85 mg/plant), and leaf RWC (37.91%). Application of K at a dose of 200 kg ha−1was the most appropriate to encourage the growth of soybean plants under drought stress with the highest total K (1.76%) and leaf RWC (44.40 mg/plant).
Modification of wikau maombo flour from sweet cassava (Manihot utillisima) and bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with annealing method
Authors: Wahyuni S , Sarinah  , Khaeruni A , Dewi N D P , Asnani  , Tanaka I , Rahayu M
Published: June 2021

Modifying wikau maombo flour (WMF) by annealing method was carried out to see its effect on the physicochemical characteristics and proximate value of WMF from bitter and sweet cassava as raw materials. The results show that the selected samples (bitter cassava: sweet cassava) of annealing-modified WMF had the swelling power, water solubility index, and viscosity of 10.30 g/g: 15.92 g/g, 10.84%: 27.11%, and 26.63 cP: 34.44 cP, respectively. Proximate analysis of water, ash, fat, protein, crude fibre, and carbohydrate contents of annealing-modified wikau maombo flour show a significant effect on heating time and heating temperature with respective values (bitter cassava: sweet cassava) of 10.37%: 11.38, 1.57%: 1.75%, 1.32%: 1.70%, 1.56%: 1.87%, 4.08%: 4.27%, and 91.42%: 92.35%. Based on these results, the selected annealing modified wikau maombo flour from bitter cassava was the sample treated at 60°C heating and 16 hours of heating time. Meanwhile, the selected sample made from sweet cassava was the one treated at 50°C heating and 16 hours of heating time.
Characteristics of antibacterial activity stability of crude bacteriocin Pediococcus acidilactici BK01
Authors: Melia S , Juliyarsi I , Kurnia Y F , Pratama Y E , Pratama D R
Published: June 2021

One of the lactic acid bacteria that has the potential to produce crude bacteriocin is Pediococcus acidilactici BK01, which is the result of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bekasam. Crude Bacteriocin Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 has a high-temperature resistance of 121°C, which is indicated by the antibacterial activity of E. coli O15: H7 and S.aureus ATCC25923 and has extensive pH stability against Escherechia coli O15: H7 and is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. Crude Bacteriocin Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 still shows antibacterial activity during 30 days of storage at room, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures. So Crude Bacteriocin Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 can be recommended as a bio-preservative in processed food products involving the heating process.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of bread made from composite flour mocaf, flour and starch from orange sweet potato and breadfruit
Authors: Parinduri D H , Nurminah M , Julianti E
Published: June 2021

The high demand for wheat flour in Indonesia made us to continue to develop the use of flour made from local food ingredients. We studied bread from orange sweet potato flour and starch, breadfruit flour and starch, and mocaf. This study using a nonfactorial complete randomized design, bread made from breadfruit flour, mocaf, breadfruit starch, orange sweet potato starch, orange sweet potato flour, namely (P): 60: 20: 10: 10: 0, 50: 20: 10: 10: 10, 40: 20: 10: 10: 20, 30: 20: 10: 10: 30, 20: 20: 10: 10: 40, 10: 20: 10: 10: 50, 0: 20: 10: 10: 60. The best treatment for making bread was P6 (10: 20: 10: 10: 50).
Effect of gelatine addition and storage time on the quality of semur seasoning pasta
Authors: Lubis R H , Ginting S , Yusraini E
Published: June 2021

Semur seasoning pasta is one of the most popular instant products for the public. However, this product’s shelf life is short (1-2 days at room temperature), and it is not effective if semur seasoning pasta is marketed to the public. The addition of a binder/stabilizer (gelatine/gelatin) is needed to bind water to extend shelf life. Samples were packed in glass bottles stored at room temperature. The method used was completely randomized design, with 2 (two) factors i.e. gelatine concentration (G): (0%; 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.2%) and shelf life (L): (0 week; 1 week; 2 weeks; 3 weeks). The parameters observed were water content, ash content, total solids, total microbe, syneresis, the hedonic value of colour, flavour, taste, and viscosity. The results showed that the interaction between the two factors had a highly significant effect on the product’s hedonic viscosity. The product with 1.2% gelatine concentration and 1-week shelf life produced semur seasoning pasta with the best quality.
Study of product quality in the transportation of smoked anchovy in Buton Regency Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sarinah  , Astuti O , Wahyuni S , Asnani
Published: June 2021

Smoked anchovy is a product that is very popular with consumers for several reasons, among others: high nutritional value and vitamin, long shelf-life compared to other durable fish products durable, unique taste, source of calcium that is not easily soluble in water, and so consuming it can prevent bone loss. Smoked fish processing in Buton is still of a traditional method, which may result in lack of attention to fish quality. There are four stages of transporting smoked anchovy products, namely: 1) from the sea to the processing sites, 2) during processing, 3) from the processing sites to the market, 4) from the market to the consumers. The effect of transportation on the quality of smoked anchovies depends much on transportation, smoking temperature, containers and treatment before, and after processing.
Sensory characteristics of sweet bread from the flour of minor tubers fermented with fungi and bacteria as flour composite flour
Authors: Aprilianty R , Karo T , Ridwansyah
Published: June 2021

Wheat flour is the main raw material for making bread, but with the increase in flour imports, it is necessary to reduce flour by utilizing flour from local plants such as minor tubers which have nutritional value that is not less competitive than wheat flour. Minor tubers have high crude fibre content which can damage the texture, so fermentation is necessary to reduce the crude fibre content. The purpose of this study was to know the sensory characteristic of sweet bread to raw material minor tuber flour modified by fermentation using fungi and bacteria and to get flour that has good quality. This study used a randomized block design method (RBD) 2 factors, namely variations of tubers (V): (Taro tubers, Canna tubers, Arrowrot tubers) and types of microorganisms (M): (Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis). The results showed that the type of flour give different influences a very significant effect on the hedonic value of taste, aroma and colour while the texture was not significantly different. The best quality sweet bread and consumer acceptance are the V1M1 (60% Wheat flour: 40% Taro Flour fermented with bacteria Bacillus subtilis).
The effect of low temperature in enzymatic glycerolysis on monoglyceride concentration production using green emulsifier based refined bleached deodorized palm oil
Authors: Zakwan Z , Lubis Z , Julianti E
Published: June 2021

The palm oil is a main commodity of plantation in Indonesia. It should be a good potential to produce many downstream products based on palm oil. But the reality is the export rate of crude palm oil is higher than the processing rate of downstream product. The aim of this study was to analyse one of downstream i.e., green emulsifier. The production used the enzymatic glycerolysis method without anorganic catalyst. The independent variables were reaction temperature 5, 10, 20, 35 and 55°C. The dependent variable was glyceride content (mono-, di- and triglyceride) that analysed by Gas Chromatography method. Before reacting, the first step was characterization of refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) as the based material. The regression was determined using ANOVA with SPSS 2.0. If the result was significant, it would be continued with partial analysis and graphically trending. The results of this study showed that the glycerolysis temperature had significant on the monoglyceride but had no significant effect to the di- and triglyceride at alpha 10%. They show the lower temperature of glycerolysis, the higher monoglyceride was obtained. The advantage was able to produce high monoglyceride emulsifier but need the very strict control in processing.
The effect of cassava starch modified by various extraction agent on the consumers acceptability of bangkit cookies
Authors: Jannah U , Yusraini E , Ridwansyah  , Sinaga H
Published: June 2021

One type of traditional cookies made from tapioca is bangkit cookies as a typical of the Malay community. The aim of this study was to determine the taste and consumer acceptance of the use modified tapioca fermented with the extract of emprit ginger, elephant ginger, red ginger, and curcuma on the bangkit cookies. This analysis used a randomized block design with two factors, factor 1, namely the type of ingredient extract with five types of extract: P1 = water, P2 = emprit ginger, P3 = elephant ginger, P4 = red ginger, and P5 = curcuma. Factor 2, namely the ratio of the amount of starch (Kg) to the volume of extract (L): C1 = 1:1, C2 = 1:2, and C3 = 1:3. The results showed, the factor 1 had a very significant effect and factor 2 gave a significant difference on the hedonic value of taste and general acceptance of bangkit cookies. The interaction of the two factors gave a significant effect on the hedonic value of the bangkit cookies taste. Based on the hedonic test of taste and general acceptance of bangkit cookies, it was found the P3C2 was the best cookies that was most liked by the consumer.
The microbiological characteristics of modified tapioca by liquid fermentation using ginger and curcuma extract
Authors: Arifah U , Yusraini E , Ridwansyah  , Ginting S
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to determine the microbiological characteristics of modified tapioca by liquid fermentation using ginger and curcuma extract. The study was using randomized block design with two factors i.e.: type of extract (P): (water, curcuma extract, giant ginger extract, red ginger extract and small ginger extract) and ratio of starch to extract volume (U): (1 kg: 1 L, 1 kg: 2 L and 1 kg: 3 L. The interaction of type of extract with ratio of starch to extract volume had highly significant effect on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on fermentation liquid. The type of extract and ratio of starch to extract volume had a highly significant effect on total plate count (TPC) on fermentation liquid. Based on the total of lactic acid bacteria, P1U3 (using water with a volume of 3 L of extract) was the treatment with the highest number of LAB, namely 17.94 x 107 CFU/mL. The treatment of extract types gave the result that P1 (water) had the highest TPC value, and the treatment of the ratio of starch to the volume of extract gave the result that U3 (1 kg: 3 L) had the highest TPC value.
The effect of contact time of adsorbent made from palm oil mill boiler ash on crude palm oil quality
Authors: Mayyoga S , Rangkuti I U P , Purwanto H
Published: June 2021

Indonesia as an agricultural country, produces agricultural products and their waste. To increase the utilization of agricultural waste, hence Palm Oil Mill Boiler Ash processed into an adsorbent. This research aimed to determine the effect of contact time on the quality adsorption process of crude palm oil using adsorbent from Palm Oil Mill Boiler Ash. The results showed that the optimum contact time at 60 minutes resulted in the largest reduction in free fatty acids by 2.99% with a decrease in the percentage of 21.43%. The minimum water content of crude palm oil was 0.26% with a decrease in the percentage of 18.75%. Meanwhile, the impurities obtained in crude palm oil are around 0.299% - 0.312%. This showed that the boiler ash adsorbent, originating from the Palm Oil Mill, which activated with H3PO4, is effective in reducing free fatty acids and water content in crude palm oil.
The production of citric-acid from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruits through the fermentation process using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Aritonang A Y A , Julianti E , Sinaga H
Published: June 2021

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the quality of citric acid products made from bilimbi fruits by fermentation method using Aspergillus niger as inoculum at various levels of concentration (3%, 6%, and 9%) and fermentation time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The citric acid obtained was then analysed their quality including yield, total sugar content, and citric acid content. There is significantly different of citric acid content as affected by the interaction of inoculum concentration and fermentation period, but no significantly different effect on yield and total sugar of fermentation product. The best fermentation condition for citric acid production from bilimbi fruit juice was 6% inoculum concentration with 5 days fermentation. At this condition the citric acid concentration was 3.33%.
Effect of purple sweet potato flour substitution and hemicellulose concentration on physical properties of bread
Authors: Zaharami A , Julianti E , Ridwansyah
Published: June 2021

The substitution of purple fleshed sweet potato flour (PSPF) on wheat flour (WF) and the addition of hemicellulose enzyme concentration have been studied for their effect on the physical properties of bread. A factorial completely randomized design was used to perform the research. The first factor was PSPF and WF ratio consists of 0:100; 25:75; 50:50; and 100:0. The second factor was hemicellulase concentration consists of 0%; 0.025%; and 0.05%. The interaction between a ratio of PSPF and WF and hemicellulase concentration produced breads with significantly different (p<0.05) on colour index (L*, a*, b*, °Hue), specific volume, and organoleptic value of texture. The substitution of 25% PSPF on WF and adding 0.05% hemicellulase enzyme produce bread with the best quality.
Porang glucomannan based edible film with the addition of mangosteen peel extract
Authors: Fajri M , Julianti E , Silalahi J
Published: June 2021

Porang flour is a rich source of glucomannan, while mangosteen peel contains antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Both of these materials can be combined in making edible films which can be applied for environmentally friendly food packaging. The addition of a plasticizer, such as sorbitol, is expected to provide the elasticity properties of the resulting film. This study aimed to evaluate the edible film properties made from glucomannan with various concentration (3% and 4%), and without the addition of mangosteen peel extract or with the addition of extract of mangosteen peel (1%). The results showed that the edible film with the highest tensile strength was obtained in the edible film made from 4% glucomannan without or with 1% mangosteen peel extract, namely 2.6985 MPa and 2.6697 MPa respectively, while the thicknesses were 0.21 mm and 0.23 mm respectively.
Utilization of purple sweet potato as a partial substitute glutinous rice flour in the ombus-ombus cake from North Tapanuli traditional food
Authors: Sigalingging D , Sinaga H , Yusraini E
Published: June 2021

Ombus-ombus is one of the traditional Batak Toba foods from North Tapanuli made from glutinous rice flour. The nutritional content of purple sweet potato is quite complete at affordable prices, which has the potential to be developed into processed food products based on local food and can reduce imports of Indonesian glutinous rice. The main objective of this research was to determine the best ombus-ombus cake formulation by using purple sweet potato as a partial substitute for glutinous rice flour. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design, consisted of two factors, factor I, the percentage substitute of purple sweet potato flour (P1 = 0%; P2 = 10%; P3 = 20%; P4 = 30%) and storage temperature condition (S1= at room temperature and S2= at freezing temperature) with three replications. The moisture content of ombus-ombus based on research was very significantly different (P <0.05) where the value was higher ranged 40-45%, and the organoleptic of colour, aroma, taste, texture were also very significantly different, almost the same value as previous research values and preferred by panellist than commercial products. The best formulation is 20% purple sweet potato flour and 80% glutinous rice flour with freezing storage.
Characteristics of tea bags from keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus Bi) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus. L) leaves
Authors: Ketaren V L , Sinaga H , Lubis Z
Published: June 2021

Drinking tea is one thing that to do when visiting a place. The antioxidant content of the keji beling and lemon grass has the potential to be developed into a tea drink in the form of a practical bag. The purpose of this study was to know the characteristics of tea bags product from the formulation of keji beling leaves and lemongrass, as well as to increase the antioxidant levels of tea bags commonly consumed by the public. This study consisted of 2 step, namely drying the raw materials and making tea bags. Using 2 factors with factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results of steeping tea bags were then analysed for antioxidant levels and colour (°Hue). The data obtained shows that the addition of lemongrass can increase antioxidant levels in tea. The more lemongrass that is added, the higher the value of the resulting Ic50. And has a colour scale with the yellow red group. The best way to brew tea bag from a mixture of vile leaf and lemon grass based on antioxidant content and colour value°Hue is brewed. Based on this research, a quality standard is needed to be a reference for further research.
Chemical properties of Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus
L.) water-soluble polysaccharide by ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Hilman A , Suhaidi I , Azhari  , Nurhaliza P T , Sakdiah H , Siregar M H
Published: June 2021

A water-soluble polysaccharide is a part of the soluble food fibers in bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). In previous research, it has been carried out by the methods of fermentation extraction, adding water and precipitation with ethanol on inulin extraction. A recent study was examined the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction as a new extraction method. This research was conducted to obtain water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang for chemical properties by ultrasound-assisted extraction (37 kHz; 60°C; 30 min). Also, compared by Inulin and fructooligosaccharide commercial. This study uses an ultimately randomized design with non-factorial. Such as a water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang, Inulin, and fructooligosaccharide. The results showed that the water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang had a yield of 1.67%. It had a significantly different (P<0.05) on water content (11.71%); carbohydrate (98.35%); fat content (0.50%); protein content (3.62%); ash content (0.87%); pH (4.96); and white degree (85.18) compared by inulin and fructooligosaccharide commercial. Although ultrasound-assisted extraction still needs to be improved, this technique dissolves ghost particles and clumps of insoluble starch in the filtrate. Thus, it can decrease the protein, fat, and ash content and directly increase the total carbohydrate. It could be concluded that the water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang had potential as a prebiotic compound.
Effect of testic brahman (Bos indicus) mixed with commercial feed and different time for genital of male and female in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Yusni E , Aritonang L S A , Manurung V R
Published: June 2021

The Tilapia is hermaphrodite fish, and from larva they can changing of genital for examples male or female. Male tilapia has faster growth rate than female tilapia. Many technologies were produces genital of fish male dominant population. But to produces that genital were need to prepare for the diet, ones of that were give of the feeding. These results were used of the brahman testicles and mixed with commercial feed, the data were using by immersion method. The results were found value of male seen the larvae compared for the fry tilapia. To give that feed were used at the different time of immersion treatments. The time of immersion was separated to P1 (16 hours), P2 (32 hours), P3 (48 hours) and P0 as (control). The results were observed of male tilapia, body weight, length and water quality parameters. The results of immersion time shown of tilapia larvae very significant effect compared the female. The results were found from the age of 60 days, immersion time of P0 was observed with value of 52.83%, P1 o f85.71%, P2 of 74.49% and P3 was observed and value of 62.41%.
Morphology character and length-weight relationship of Goblinfish (Neovespicula depressifrons) Tetraogidae in Percut Sei Tuan Coastal, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Desrita  , Susetya I E , Basyuni M
Published: June 2021

The research was conducted in Percut Sei Tuan Aquatic with goblinfish (Neovespicula depressifrons) as the main object. Goblinfish was caught at a brackish aquatic which is mangroves are grown. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between weight-length, growth pattern, length-frequency distribution, and condition factors of goblin fish. Danish seines with mesh size net of 1 inch, ½ inch, and ¼ inch was used for fishing. After the fish caught, then measured the total length and weighed, measurements were conducted in the laboratory. The total length of fish caught is in the range of 24-65 mm and a weight of 0.2 - 3 g. The resulting group size consisted of 7 groups with class intervals of 42-47 mm is the mode group size. From the analysis of the length-weight relationship, the constant value of b = 0.972 and the value of the condition factor ranges from 0.90 to 1.37 with an average value of CF > 1.
Effect of sulphate reducing bacteria and ameliorants on nutrient status of N and P in acid sulphate soil
Authors: Hanafiah A S , Sarifuddin  , Hanafiah D S , Araffat A
Published: June 2021

The application of sulphate-reducing bacteria is expected to reduce the use of lime in increasing the fertility of acid sulphate soils and the growth of corn plants. This study aimed to determine the effect of sulphate-reducing bacteria and ameliorant on shoot dry weight and N and P nutrient status in corn. This research was conducted in the Greenhouse and Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara using factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was sulphate-reducing bacteria, namely B0 = without bacteria application (Control) and B1 = with sulphate-reducing bacteria and the second factor was soil ameliorant, namely P0 = without ameliorant (control); P1 = OPEFB Organic Material; P2 = OPEFB Organic material + NPK fertilizer; P3 = CaCO3 + NPK fertilizer with 4 replications. The results showed that sulphate-reducing bacteria could increase the shoot dry weight but the application of ameliorants, especially organic matter + NPK and CaCO3 + NPK, besides increasing the shoot dry weight also increasing the plant N uptake and P uptake. The interaction of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria and Ameliorants did not significantly affect all parameters observed.
Glomus etunicatum improved salt tolerance in Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. through physiological adjustment
Authors: Delvian
Published: June 2021

Many studies have reported that salinity has a negative impact on mycorrhiza but mycorrhizae can increase plant growth under salinity stress. This study was conducted to determine the growth and level of dependence of Dalbergia latifolia on mycorrhiza under saline conditions. Dalbergia latifolia is inoculated with Glomus etunicatum and grown on media that has been given a different concentration of sodium chloride solution. The results showed that an increase in salinity led to reduced root colonization of G. etunicatum in D. latifolia but on the other hand, the presence of G. etunicatum increased the growth and biomass of D. latifolia in all salinity levels. Phosphorus uptake of plants colonized by G. etunicatum also increased. This result confirms the degree of dependence of D. latifolia on G. etunicatum under salinity stress. Improved growth of D. latifolia in saline soils reflects the importance of G. etunicatum which can be used to improve the productivity of saline soils.
Healthy hydrosol production from styrax resin harvesting waste using steam distillation
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R
Published: June 2021

Styrax resins or benzoin contain aromatic compounds that applied for medicine, perfumery, food ingredients and others. The resins harvested from Styrax trees were distilled to produce essential oils and hydrosols. Unfortunately, the distillate water usually discarded when separating the primary oils. The objective of study was to evaluate the hydrosol production derived from steam distillation process using various qualities of styrax resin. The materials used are the first grade and harvesting waste resin collected from community’s forests in Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Three replicates of both resin quality were analysed for moisture content, then steam distillation applied for essential oils and hydrosols production. The research shows that at termination of distillation, the best quality resins produced approximately 3.18 kg (31.8%) and 2.74 kg (27.4%) hydrosol from the waste resin. The essential oils production from first quality is higher than the lowest, approximately 64 g (yield 0.64%), while residue resins produce 53 g (0.53%). It is estimated 7.7% of water in hydrosol derive from waste resin assuming all water contained evaporates and condenses to hydrosol. Considering harvesting residues disposed and unutilized, distillation of lowest quality resin for hydrosol production proposes an alternative strategy for optimizing the forest resources utilization.
Decrease sensitivity of Eleusine indica treated with Paraquat and Glyphosate sub-lethal doses
Authors: Saragih M S R S , Purba E , Damanik R I
Published: June 2021

Populations of Eleusine indica glyphosate-sensitive weed seeds taken from Polytechnic Negeri Medan Campus. This study aims to examine whether the use of sub-lethal doses of paraquat and glyphosate in three generations can cause a decrease in the sensitivity of the Eleusine indica population to each herbicide. This research was carried out at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Campus with a height of ± 25 m above sea level. This study used a paraquat herbicide under the recommended dosage of 200 g.a.i. ha−1 and glyphosate herbicide under the recommended dose 360 g.a.i. ha−1 with three replications. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software.
Insects diversity in salak (Salacca zalacca Gaert.) plantation with differences altitude in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar M R I , Sitepu S F , Siregar A Z
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the composition, the distribution and the index of diversity of insects on salak (Salacca zalacca Gaert.) from October 2019 until December 2019 at two different altitudes, including 1200 meter above sea level (masl) in Kutambaru Village, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency and at 350 masl in Rumah Lengo Village, STM Hulu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted by survey method with collection samples for 6 times using pit fall traps, light traps, yellow traps, and hand picking. The insects were identified at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The results showed that the insects caught in the S.zalacca plantation area at 350 masl comprised of 10 orders, 20 families with a total population of 663 individuals, while the insects collected from the 1200 masl were 8 orders, 19 families and 367 individuals. The diversity index calculated are H’=2.03 in 350 masl and H’=2.35 in 1200 masl. The categorized into moderate diversity of insects which implication no quite differences scores of the composition and diversities of insects. The function status insects were categorized into pest, predator, parasitoid, pollinator, and decomposer.