bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Structure Prediction and Molecular Docking Tools for Therapeutic Peptides in Clinical Use and Trials Targeting Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alotaiq Nasser , Dermawan Doni
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the performance of various structure prediction tools and molecular docking platforms for therapeutic peptides targeting coronary artery disease (CAD). Structure prediction tools, including AlphaFold 3, I-TASSER, and PEP-FOLD 4, were employed to generate accurate peptide conformations. These methods, ranging from deep learning-based (AlphaFold) to template-based (I-TASSER) and fragment-based (PEP-FOLD), were selected for their proven capabilities in predicting reliable structures. Molecular docking was conducted using four platforms (HADDOCK 2.4, HPEPDOCK 2.0, ClusPro 2.0, and HawDock 2.0) to assess binding affinities and interactions. A 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to evaluate the stability of the peptide-receptor complexes, along with MM/PBSA calculations to determine binding free energies. The results demonstrated that Apelin, a therapeutic peptide, exhibited superior binding affinities and stability across all platforms, making it a promising candidate for CAD therapy. Apelin’s interactions with key receptors involved in cardiovascular health were notably stronger and more stable compared to other peptides tested. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced computational tools for peptide design and evaluation, offering valuable insights for future therapeutic applications in CAD. Future work should focus on in vivo validation and combination therapies to fully explore the clinical potential of these therapeutic peptides.
Lactoferrin Stimulates Chondrogenesis and Promotes Healing of the Auricular Elastic Cartilage
Authors: Kurenkova Anastasiia D. , Serejnikova Natalia B. , Sheleg Sofia A. , Fayzullin Alexey L. , Denisov Nikolai E. , Igrunkova Aleksandra , Sadchikova Elena , Antoshin Artem , Timashev Peter
Published: December 2024

Ear reconstruction surgeries, including those addressing congenital deformities like microtia and trauma-induced damages, are relatively common. Given the demand, seeking new approaches to cartilage regeneration is crucial to improving surgical outcomes, reducing recovery times, and enhancing the quality of life for patients. The natural and cost-effective protein lactoferrin (LF) draws significant attention. It is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties, and its ability to stimulate chondrogenesis of the hyaline cartilage. This study investigates the effects of LF on the viability, proliferation, and chondrogenesis of rabbit auricular chondrocytes using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, LF significantly increased the metabolic activity of chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimal concentration of 10 μg/ml enhancing cell prolifera-tion and metabolic activity. At this concentration, it also stimulated chondrogenesis. For in vivo studies, a rabbit ear defect model was used. Macroscopic and histological analyses revealed that LF-treated groups exhibited more mature cartilage regeneration, with higher density and organi-zation of elastic fibers compared to control. These findings suggest that LF promotes auricular chondrocyte chondrogenesis and could be beneficial for tissue engineering and clinical applications in cartilage repair.
A Version of Exclusively Perturbative Quantum field Theory
Authors: Larin Sergey
Published: December 2024

We suggest a version of renormalizable Quantum Field Theory which does not contain non-perturbative effects. This is otained by the proper use of the boundary conditions in the functional integral of the generating functional of Green functions. It is well known which boundary conditions are applied to the fields of the functional integral to get correct perturbation theory. We propose that these conditions should be used for all fields integrated in the generating functional integral. It is shown that in this case non-perturbative effects are absent. That is we assume that perturbation theory defines the complete generating functional integral. It allows, in particular, to formulate the generating functional integral in a unique way as an exact compact mathematical formula.
Fungi influence in the chemical composition, textural quality, buoyancy, and floatation time of poorly stored fish feeds
Authors: Sousa Terada Nascimento Juliana , Dantas Filho Jerônimo Vieira , Santos Bruna Lucieny Temponi , Adriano Ana Carolina Anchieta , Cama Jorge Luís Vidal , Cavali Jucilene , Soares Emerson Carlos , Schons Sandro de Vargas
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the effects of fungal contamination on the chemical composition, texture, buoyancy, and floating time of poorly stored fish feed. Among 21 commercial and six artisanal feed samples analyzed, 81% showed fungal growth. Nutritional losses were significant: commercial feeds lost 41.97–50.61% of minerals, 17.11–21.69% of crude protein, 38.28% of lipids, 35.16–50.66% of carbohydrates, and 37.77% of raw energy. Artisanal feeds experienced even greater losses, with reductions of 66.12–84.06% in minerals, 43.29–47% in crude protein, and 25.60–42.40% in raw energy. Contamination altered pellet texture, causing hardening, crumbling, and increased fracturability in water, reducing buoyancy (~50%) and causing nutrient leaching. This led to feed accumulation at pond bottoms, accelerating eutrophication. These findings emphasize the economic and environmental risks of fungal contamination in fish farming. Proper storage with humidity and temperature control is crucial to prevent fungal growth, nutrient loss, and mycotoxin contamination.
The Relationship Between Electronic Service Quality and Electronic Trust with Customer Loyalty in TikTok Shop Users Through Customer Satisfaction in Jabodetabek
Authors: Febriana Ayu , Dita Puruwita  , Nofriska Krissanya
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electronic service quality, electronic trust, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of TikTok shop users in Jabodetabek. This quantitative research method collects data through questionnaires. A total of 250 respondents were sampled using purposive sampling techniques. The objects taken in this study were respondents who had used TikTok shop, aged 17-30 years, and domiciled in Jabodetabek. This study uses AMOS software version 24 and SEM (Structural Equation Model) to analyze and process research data. The results obtained in this study indicate that electronic service quality and electronic trust have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. In addition, electronic service quality and customer satisfaction have a positive effect on customer loyalty. Electronic service quality and electronic trust through customer satisfaction also have a positive effect on customer loyalty. However, electronic trust has no effect on customer loyalty.
Evaluaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de la leche de dromedario: estudio de caso
Authors: Gherissi D.E. , Gaouar S.B.S.
Published: December 2024

El producto lácteo es ampliamente consumido en Argelia, pero la producción láctea local no satisface su demanda (3.800 millones de litros por año, 143L/hab/año en 2012). La leche de camello es conocida por su altísima calidad nutricional; Sin embargo, los rendimientos cuantitativos y cualitativos de los camellos lecheros están fuertemente influenciados por los sistemas de cría y los procedimientos para su producción y procesamiento. En Argelia, los camellos se manejan en un sistema de cría controlado, acompañado por un pastor o sistema de cría libre “Hemila”. Se presentó en este trabajo, como estudio de caso, un modelo de manada de camellos semi-intensiva perteneciente a la planta lechera “TEDJANE” en el sureste de Argelia. Ofrece leche de camello pasteurizada y fermentada para consumo humano. Nos centramos en el potencial de producción de la planta lechera, la gestión técnica, el ordeño y la recolección de leche, la evaluación de la calidad de la leche, el procesamiento y el acondicionamiento y, finalmente, las principales limitaciones de la planta lechera y sus perspectivas.
Moringa oleifera: un recurso forrajero para una ganadería eficiente en las regiones tropicales
Authors: Navarro C.A. , Góngora A. , Flórez H.
Published: December 2024

La alimentación del ganado en regiones tropicales está basada principalmente en recursos forrajeros de disponibilidad local. En la mayoría de casos, estos materiales forrajeros nutricionalmente no son los óptimos puesto que no suplen la totalidad de los requerimientos de tales animales, lo cual genera desequilibrios o interacciones negativas entre los minerales, proteínas y energía, que termina con la expresión de bajos parámetros productivos. En tales condiciones es fundamental realizar suplementaciones estratégicas, con adecuados niveles energético-proteicos, especialmente en épocas como la sequía. En este sentido, Moringa oleifera Lam. es reconocida por diversos autores e instituciones como una posible solución no solo en la alimentación animal, sino que incluso en la desnutrición humana, gracias a su enorme riqueza nutricional; adicionalmente sus metabolitos secundarios regulan las condiciones de fermentación y las asociaciones entre algunas bacterias metanogénicas y otros microbios. Por lo cual su inclusión en dietas para bovinos reduce las emisiones de metano (CH4) por parte de estos animales, aspectos que son revisados en este artículo.
Silagens mistas de capim elefante e sorgo forrageiro (RETIRADO)
Authors: Da Silva R.C. , Mauro E. , Silva J. , Pinto G.G. , Fernandes A. , Araújo G. , Souto H. , Tavares N. , Marte D.
Published: December 2024

A produção de silagens mistas permite explorar a complementariedade de características desejáveis em diferentes espécies, mas a literatura é incipiente quanto à mistura do capim elefante e sorgo forrageiro. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil fermentativo e microbiológico, as perdas e a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens mistas de capim-elefante e sorgo forrageiro. O experimento foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, onde o clima é classificado como As segundo Koppën. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão com o programa SISVAR. A inclusão de sorgo promoveu aumento linear no teor de carboidratos solúveis e matéria seca nas silagens. O pH foi menor que 4 em todas as silagens contendo sorgo. Os ácidos orgânicos aumentaram à medida que se adicionou sorgo na mistura. Após a abertura dos silos o pH aumentou, os ácidos orgânicos e nitrogênio amoniacal reduziram, enquanto o ácido butírico aumentou. Os efluentes diminuíram linearmente em função dos níveis de sorgo, enquanto as perdas por gases foram baixas (P>0,05). Apenas a silagem de sorgo forrageiro apresentou quebra da estabilidade aeróbia. A produção de silagens mistas com 50% de sorgo forrageiro apresentou melhor qualidade ao se considerar o processo fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia e a diminuição de perdas.
Caracterización genética del Ca Rater Mallorquí con microsatélites
Authors: Aguilera L.S. , Canales A. , Pons A. , Delgado J.V. , Martínez A.M.
Published: December 2024

En este estudio se realiza la caracterización genética de la raza canina Ca Rater Mallorquí, cuya función original era la caza de pequeños mamíferos. El objetivo es analizar la diferenciación genética intrarracial e interracial, comparando esta raza con otras razas con la misma distribución y que comparten o no la misma funcionalidad. En el estudio intrarracial, se analizan 33 microsatélites recomendados por la Sociedad Internacional de Genética Animal (ISAG), en 79 muestras obtenidas de varios propietarios de la isla de Mallorca. Para el estudio de la diversidad genética interracial, se utilizan datos de 275 muestras procedentes de 5 razas caninas de las islas Baleares: Ca Mè Mallorquí, Ca de Bou, Ca de Bestiar, Ca de Conills de Menorca y Ca Eivissenc (Podenco Ibicenco). Se lleva a cabo la extracción siguiendo el método de Walsh. Se amplifican los microsatélites mediante PCR y la detección de polimorfismos se hace con un secuenciador automático capilar. La población no muestra una desviación significativa del equilibrio Hardy- Weinberg, con una HO de 0,656 y una HE de 0,685. El estadístico FST, mostró que un 13,10% de la diferenciación genética se debe a diferencias entre razas. El análisis de la estructura genética evidenció la diferenciación del Ca Rater Mallorquí del resto de las razas, sin subestructura evidente. Como conclusión, el Ca Rater Mallorquí muestra una elevada diversidad genética, es una raza definida y genéticamente homogénea que no muestra signos de cruzamiento con el resto de las razas incluidas en el estudio. Estos resultados proporcionan un conocimiento esencial de la situación genética del Ca Rater Mallorquí y es un punto de partida para el diseño e implementación de un plan de conservación de la raza.
Bem-estar em suínos: vocalização e transporte para o abate
Authors: Garcia A.M.
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo ressaltar a importância das práticas de manejo adequadas na produção de suínos para proporcionar bem-estar, estabelecendo que suinocultor e frigorifico entendam o conceito, formas de identificar e garantir o bem-estar, além deles realizarem o transporte corretamente ao abate para evitar perdas econômicas e melhorar a qualidade da carne para os consumidores. O bem-estar em suínos pode ser avaliado por meio de indicadores comportamentais como a vocalização. Para realização adequada do manejo pré-abate deve-se considerar a forma como os suínos são manejados e as condições de transporte. O bem-estar de suínos deve ser garantido em todos os processos da produção, a fim de que, os mercados importadores e exportadores alcancem bons resultados econômicos e atendam às exigências do consumidor. Os produtores e frigoríficos devem conhecer e utilizar os protocolos e legislações de bem-estar, aplicar avaliações comportamentais como indicadores de bem-estar, tal como as vocalizações dos suínos. E ainda, adotar medidas de manejo adequados durante todo o processo de pré-abate, sobretudo durante o transporte dos animais ao frigorífico, pois assim será possível evitar prejuízos aos produtores e as indústrias devido à danos na qualidade da carne suína, além de promover bem-estar dos suínos.
Diversidad genética y estructura de la población de la raza Charolais en Ecuador a través del pedigrí
Authors: Lozada E. , Chacón E. , Sambache E. , Revelo M. , Gutiérrez M. , Delgado J.V. , Cartuche L.F. , Navas F.J.
Published: December 2024

La evaluación de la diversidad genética y el flujo de genes a través de información genealógica de una población es necesaria en los programas de selección genética. Por tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la diversidad y estructura genética de la población Charolais en el Ecuador. Se utilizaron tres grupos de datos, la población histórica, población actual y la población de referencia. La información de cada animal incluyó nombre y número de registro propio, del padre, la madre y fecha de nacimiento. Los parámetros evaluados fueron la completitud del pedigrí, intervalo generacional, consanguinidad, parentesco medio, incremento de consanguinidad y tamaño efectivo de la población. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizó el programa ENDOG. La completitud del pedigrí disminuyó de forma considerable a partir de la segunda generación en ambas poblaciones, aunque la primera generación mostró valores de 0.617 y 0.745. El intervalo generacional promedio fue de 7.17 años para la población histórica y 8.42 años para la actual. La vía padre fue superior a la materna en ambas poblaciones. Los valores de consanguinidad fueron de 0.08% y 0.14%, respectivamente. El Ne fue de 537.38. La raza Charolais en el Ecuador se encuentra en proceso de establecimiento, pudiéndose considerarse una población joven desde el punto de genético. El uso de biotecnologías reproductivas ha influenciado directamente en la calidad de la información genealógica sumado al control en los registros de animales nuevos, lo que permitirá a la asociación disponer de herramientas fiables para la gestión de la población.
Temperature-insensitive, high-density lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Elizabeth , Pogue David , Lawrence Debbie , Kumar Ashok , Boyd Christopher , Mabry Samantha , Braun Paul , Cahill David , Ertekin Elif , Krogstad Jessica , Perry Nicola , Zahiri Beniamin , Kwon Patrick
Published: December 2024

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are a preferred energy storage solution for their generation capacity and power density; however, their chemical in-stability at high temperature raises major concerns relating to their safety, reliability, and lifespan. Over time, natural temperature cycling of Li-ion batteries degrades the depth of discharge and degree of charge that can be achieved, limiting the cell performance and storage capacity as the micro-structure of the anode and cathode interfaces are altered. To ensure safe, continuous, and high-performance Li-ion batteries, improvements are needed to counteract the degradation of their electrochemically active and inactive chemical components. Using solid-state alternatives to Li-ion components, high performance may be maintained while improving the stability of the ion during charging. The synthesis, characterization, theory, simulation, and fabrication of dense high-voltage cathodes, solid electrolytes, and metal anodes are detailed in this report to establish the underpinning science and technology required to improve the stability of Li-ion batteries.
Topologia das funções entrópicas
Authors: Kurashima Keoma Hermenegildo , Oler Juliano Gonçalves
Published: December 2024

Nos cursos de Física básica os alunos tem contato com a segunda lei da termodinâmica a qual os levam a definir uma nova função de estados chamada de “entropia”. Contudo as definições vieram de estudos empíricos. Mostraremos de maneira generalizada a formulação Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann para entropia, ademais algumas propriedades topológicas do conjunto das funções entropicas.
Modern Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review of Attitudes, Applications & Practice
Authors: Verghese Basil George , Iyer Charoo , Borse Tanvi , Cooper Shiamak , White Jacob , Sheehy Ryan
Published: December 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for graduate medical education (GME), yet, a comprehensive exploration of AI's applications, perceptions, and limitations in GME is lacking.
Objective
To map the current literature on AI in GME, identifying prevailing perceptions, applications, and research gaps to inform future research, policy discussions, and educational practices through a scoping review.
Methods
Following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR checklist a comprehensive search of multiple databases up to February 2024 was performed to include studies addressing AI interventions in GME.
Results
Out of 1734 citations, 102 studies met the inclusion criteria, conducted across 16 countries, predominantly from North America (72), Asia (14), and Europe (6). Radiology had the highest number of publications (21), followed by general surgery (11) and emergency medicine (8). The majority of studies were published in 2023. Following key themes were identified:
· Adoption Perceptions: Initially mixed attitudes, have shifted towards favorable perceptions, with increasing support for integrating AI education.
· Assessments: AI can differentiate skill levels and provide feedback
· Evaluations: AI can effectively analyze narrative comments to assess resident performance.
· Recruitment: AI tools analyze letters of recommendation, applications, and personal statements, identifying biases and enhancing equity.
· Standardized Examinations: AI models consistently outperformed average candidates in board certification and in-training exams.
· Clinical Decision-Making: AI tools can support trainees with diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
Conclusions
This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of applications and limitations of AI in GME but is limited with potential biases, study heterogeneity, and evolving nature of AI.
The influence of domestic fire on blood pressure and heart rate: A replication study
Authors: Clark Lindsey , Landgraf Lauren , Lynn Christopher
Published: December 2024

In previous research, fire’s sensory components were disaggregated into separate experimental conditions using a Yule log video to test the hypothesis that domestic fire can induce a relaxation response. The study recorded blood pressure and skin conductance before and after participants watched the 15-minute fire video with and without sound and found a relaxation effect for the audiovisual condition. The current study replicates this with an electric fireplace by measuring pre- and posttest blood pressure (and calculated mean arterial pressure [MAP]) and heart rate (HR) using a randomized crossover design with 101 adults aged 18–60. We duplicated the three original experimental conditions and added an additional condition of fire sounds only. We predicted that the multisensory condition would produce the most relaxation and among those highest in absorption and prosociality. We found a relaxation response for all conditions and more consistent relaxation (systolic, MAP, and HR) and an absorption effect for the multisensory effect; however, the absorption effect was the opposite of our prediction (pre-trial MAP = 92.19 ± 10.95; post-trial = 90.61 ± 10.05, P = .02, df = 97). Our data partially replicate the original study, but the roles of absorption and prosociality need further exploration.
A Machine Learning Approach to Aids Clinical Trials Group (Actg) Study
Authors: Malyala Lakshminarayana Rao , G Mohana Krishna , Thiyagarajan Sneha
Published: December 2024

AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a major health concern, with an estimated 39 million people living with HIV worldwide. [1] Predicting the risk of mortality in AIDS patients is important for optimizing treatment strategies and improving the outcomes. The choice of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), whether monotherapy or combined therapy, plays a crucial role in optimizing the treatment strategies. This study aims to apply machine learning techniques to predict patient mortality within a certain window of time using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 175 Dataset. The results demonstrate the role of Data Science and the potential of machine learning models to forecast mortality, providing valuable insights for improving the treatment.
A study on the nutritional status and body composition of children with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: qinmei yu , Wang Jingjing , Fu Haidong , Mao Jianhua
Published: December 2024

Objective: Patients with Hutchinson‒Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) often have severe growth retardation, generalized fatty malnutrition, and cardiovascular complications. There are different cardiovascular risks due to the different distributions of fat and muscle tissues in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate nutritional status and analyze the distribution of muscle and fat tissues in HGPS.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select HGPS patients aged 3 years and above who received treatment at Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The medical history, physical measurements, laboratory examination data, dietary data, body composition data, and bone density data of the subjects were collected and analyzed.
Results: A total of eight HGPS patients were included. The weight and height of all the subjectsat birth were normal but decreased to below the 3rd percentile by 2 months of age. The rates of increase in weight and height were relatively slow. A dietary survey was conducted on all patients, and the results revealed that 87.5% (7 out of 8) of the subjects were exposed to insufficient energy intake. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was employed to investigate bone density, and the results revealed a decrease in bone density (-2.82±1.46) in the subjects at the chronological age; the Z score of the subjects at height was -0.72±0.99. The fat mass results revealed that 62.5% of the subjects’ total body fat percentage and 100% of the subjects’ fat mass index (FMI) were within the normal range. However, 100% of the subjects’ android to gynoid A/G fat ratios and 75% of the subjects’ torso-leg (T/L) fat ratios were higher than normal. The muscle mass results revealed a decrease in the total and appendicular muscle masses of all the subjects, with lower limb muscles showing a more severe decline than upper limb muscles did.
Conclusions: HGPS patients presented severe growth retardation, with abnormal fat metabolism mainly manifested as abnormal fat distribution, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.
TP53 Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of PHKG2 Promotes Ferroptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting the NRF2/GPX4 Pathway
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Yu Yalian , Luan Meng , Wang Yan , Zang Jian , Luo Le , Wang Tianyi , Wang Tianci
Published: December 2024

Ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment, yet its regulatory mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of phosphorylase kinase gamma 2 (PHKG2) in regulating ferroptosis through the TP53/NRF2/GPX4 axis in HNSCC. Using bioinformatics analysis and clinical data evaluation, we identified PHKG2 as a ferroptosis driver gene and a favorable prognostic marker in HNSCC patients. PHKG2 expression was found to negatively correlate with the redox regulator NRF2 and the ferroptosis marker GPX4, suggesting a role in modulating oxidative stress. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TP53 activation induces PHKG2 expression, which subsequently activates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), leading to the nuclear export of NRF2. This cascade results in the downregulation of GPX4, depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately promoting ferroptosis characterized by mitochondrial damage. These findings indicate that the TP53/PHKG2 axis plays a critical role in ferroptosis regulation by disrupting redox homeostasis in HNSCC. Overall, this study highlights the potential of targeting the TP53-PHKG2-NRF2/GPX4 pathway as a therapeutic strategy to enhance ferroptosis and improve treatment efficacy in HNSCC. Our insights provide a strong foundation for developing novel approaches aimed at sensitizing HNSCC to ferroptosis-inducing agents, offering new opportunities for effective cancer treatment.
Universal Patterns in the Long-term Growth of Urban Infrastructure in U.S. Cities from 1900 to 2015
Authors: Burghardt Keith , Uhl Johannes , Lerman Kristina , Leyk Stefan
Published: December 2024

Despite the rapid growth of cities in the past century, our quantitative, in-depth understanding of how cities grow remains limited due to a consistent lack of historical data. Thus, the scaling laws between a city's features and its population as they evolve over time, known as temporal city scaling, is under-explored, especially for time periods spanning multiple decades. In this paper, we leverage novel data sources such as the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the U.S. (HISDAC-US), and analyze the temporal scaling laws of developed area, building indoor area, building footprint area, and road length and other road network statistics for nearly all metropolitan areas in the U.S. from 1900 to 2015. We find that scaling exponents vary dramatically between cities as a function of their size and location. Three notable patterns emerge. First, scaling law exponents imply many, but not all, metropolitan areas are becoming less dense and indoor area per capita increases as cities grow, in contrast to expectations. Second, larger cities tend to have a smaller scaling exponent than smaller cities. Third, scaling exponents (and growth patterns) are similar between nearby cities. These results show a long-term trend that could harm urban sustainability as previously dense populations are rapidly spreading out into undeveloped land. Moreover, the regional similarity of long-term urban growth patterns implies that city evolution and sustainability patterns are more interconnected than prior research has suggested. These results help urban planners and scientists understand universal, long-term patterns of city growth across the US.
Explainable SHAP-XGBoost models for pressure ulcers among patients requiring with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit
Authors: Xue Yu-juan , Zheng Li , Yuan Zhen-nan , Xing Xue-zhong
Published: December 2024

Background
Pressure ulcers are significant concern for ICU patients on mechanical ventilation. Early prediction is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This study aims to develop a predictive model using machine learning techniques, specifically XGBoost combined with SHAP, to identify key risk factors of pressure ulcers in this population.
Methods
Utilizing the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database, we included a cohort of 29,448 mechanically ventilated patients in ICU intensive unit. These patients were divided into a training set (20,614 patients, 70%) and an internal validation set (8,834 patients, 30%). Of these, 2,052 patients developed pressure ulcers. We applied the XGBoost algorithm to build the predictive model and used SHAP analysis to identify the top ten factors influencing pressure ulcer development: 'sepsis', 'age', 'the count of platelet', 'length of ICU stay', 'PaO2/FiO2 ratio', 'hemoglobin concentration', 'admission type', 'renal disease', 'albumin concentration', and 'ethnicity'.
Results
The predictive model achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.797 (95% CI: 0.786–0.808) in the training set and 0.739 (95% CI: 0.721–0.758) in the validation set. Calibration curves demonstrated good fit, and the decision curve analysis indicated clinical utility.
Conclusion
This study successfully developed a machine learning model that accurately predicts the risk of pressure ulcers in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation. This model could serve as a valuable tool for guiding early interventions, ultimately reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers in this vulnerable population. The integration of SHAP analysis offers insights into the most critical factors.
Evaluation by M-charts and microperimetry after broad internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Uchiyama Naoto , Jujo Tatsuya , Sato Keiji , Sekine Reio , Kakehashi Kota , Endo Akiko , Kitaoka Yasushi
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To assess the impact of broad-internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on retinal sensitivity (RS) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).
Design: Retrospective observational case series.
Methods: The study analyzed 22 eyes treated with broad-ILM peeling within the vascular arcades area for ERM, over a 6-month follow-up. Outcomes measured included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), M-CARTS scores (vertical MV and horizontal MH), central macular thickness (CMT), and RS. RS was evaluated using Microperimetry-3 at specified central degrees, and points below 10 dB were considered microscotomas (MS).
Results: Postoperative BCVA improved significantly at 1, 3, and 6 months (P < 0.01). No significant changes in CMT were noted. MH score improvements were significant at 6 months (P = 0.02), whereas MV scores remained unchanged. RS notably improved within the central 4° at all postoperative points (P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in the central 10° and 20° regions. MS increased transiently at 1 month (P = 0.04) but stabilized at 3 and 6 months.
Conclusion: MS increased temporarily but improved over time. Broad ILM peeling suggests potential for improving visual acuity and metamorphopsia in ERM patients without causing long-term detrimental effects on retinal sensitivity.
Advanced Predictive Modeling of Type 2 Diabetes Using XGBoost and Explainable AI
Authors: Rafie Zahra , Talab Moslem Sedaghat , Koor Behrooz Ebrahim Zadeh , Garavand Ali , Salehnasab Cirruse
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (D.M. II) globally poses significant public health challenges, necessitating the development of effective predictive models for accurate prediction. This study aims to apply machine learning (ML) algorithms and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to predict the risk of D.M. II using health data from the Dena Cohort in Yasuj, Iran. Data was collected from 3,203 individuals aged 35 to 70, incorporating various demographic, clinical, and lifestyle features. Two ML models, XGBoost and CatBoost, were developed and evaluated for their predictive accuracy. Data preprocessing involved handling missing values, normalization of continuous variables, and addressing class imbalance through the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The performance of the models was assessed using accuracy, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The values of SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) were utilized to explain model predictions and enhance interpretability. The XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 96.07% and an AUC of 99.29%. Key predictive factors identified included fasting blood sugar, fatty liver, urolithiasis, age, and lifestyle factors like energy drink consumption and television watching. The application of SHAP provided valuable insights into the contribution of individual features to the model’s predictions, enhancing transparency and understanding for healthcare professionals. This study's findings highlight the potential of ML and XAI in improving the prediction of D.M. II. By identifying critical risk factors, the developed predictive models can support personalized healthcare interventions, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare burdens associated with diabetes. This research advocates integrating advanced predictive analytics into clinical practice to enhance diabetes prediction strategies.
The predictive value of radiomics and deep learning for synchronous distant metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: He Wanbin , Zhang Winbo , Zhang Yunfeng , Yang Zhijun , He Han , Wang Jia , Zhou Fenghai
Published: December 2024

Objective
The objective of this research was to devise and authenticate a predictive model that employs CT radiomics and deep learning methodologies for the accurate prediction of synchronous distant metastasis (SDM) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Methods
A total of 143 ccRCC patients were included in the training cohort, and 62 ccRCC patients were included in the validation cohort. The CT images from all patients were normalized, and the tumor regions were manually segmented via ITK-SNAP software. Radiomic features were extracted via the FAE toolkit. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was employed to select features and build various machine learning models. Additionally, the largest cross-section of the tumor was cropped to train the deep learning model. Multiple deep learning models were trained to predict SDM in ccRCC patients. The results of the best machine learning model were then fused with those of the deep learning model to create a combined model.
Results
Of the 944 radiomic features identified, 15 were closely associated with SDM. With these 15 features, the support vector machine (SVM) model emerged as the most effective, demonstrating areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.860 and 0.813 in the training and validation cohort, respectively. Among the deep learning models, ResNet101 performed optimally, achieving AUC of 0.815 and 0.743 in the training and validation cohort, respectively. The combined model yielded an AUC of 0.863. Decision curve analysis suggested that the combined model offers superior clinical applicability.
Conclusion
This model, which combines radiomics and deep learning, has substantial potential the prediction of SDM in patients with ccRCC. This study is anticipated to bolster clinical decision-making processes and enhance the prognostic outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ccRCC.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Cuproptosis-Related Gene GCSH in Pan-Cancer with a Focus on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Guo Xian-wen , Lei Rong-e , Li Jiao , Shen Liqi , Ding Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background
GCSH, a gene associated with cuproptosis, has been implicated in various cancers, although its role remains incompletely understood. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of GCSH across multiple cancer types to elucidate its role in tumorigenesis.
Methods
GCSH expression was analyzed in 33 cancer types using data from TCGA database. Associations with the tumor microenvironment and prognostic value were evaluated. scRNA-seq data from colorectal cancer (CRC) was used to assess GCSH expression in different cell types. Clinical CRC tissues, blood samples, and cell lines were utilized for validation. Functional assays and drug sensitivity tests were performed to further elucidate the role of GCSH.
Results
GCSH expression varied among different cancers, with notably higher levels in CRC. GCSH demonstrated significant correlations with 22 types of immune cells across the 33 cancers. Generally, GCSH showed a negative correlation with immune scores and immune checkpoint genes. Prognostic analysis revealed that GCSH was associated with outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma, although external cohort results did not consistently support these findings. Validation in clinical samples and cell lines confirmed elevated GCSH in CRC. scRNA-seq data indicated higher GCSH expression in both cancerous and immune cells within tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Functional and pathway analyses in CRC identified key biological roles for GCSH, and a drug sensitivity to GCSH was identified.
Conclusions
GCSH exerts multifaceted roles in specific cancers and is significantly associated with immune cells and immune checkpoint genes. The study identifies the biological functions of GCSH in CRC and suggests potential drug sensitivities.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an important adjunctive approach in periapical healing after endodontic retreatment: a case report
Authors: Barbosa-Ribeiro Marlos , Magalhães Vinícius Souto , Cordeiro Joselma Erundina de Lima , Silva Vanderson Menezes , Barros Lívia Maria Mateus de Lucena , Nogueira Ícaro Ruy Coelho , Arruda-Vasconcelos Rodrigo , Filgueira Pedro Tardelly Diniz
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been suggested as a complementary approach to endodontic treatment as it promoted greater microbial reduction. This case report describes the effectiveness of aPDT in bacterial reduction and in clinical management in a lower molar presenting previous poorly conducted endodontic treatment, post-treatment apical periodontitis and coronal-root perforation. A 20-year-old female patient with radiographic evidence of post-treatment apical periodontitis and coronal-root perforation was submitted to endodontic retreatment. In addition to the endodontic procedures, aPDT with 0.05% methylene blue was used in a 3-minutes irradiation period. A Ga-Al-Ar diode laser attached to an optical fiber with a diameter of 365 μm was applied by using a 90 s irradiation time, 100 mW of power and 9 J of energy. In conclusion, aPDT associated with endodontic treatment performed with technological devices represents a positive impact in periapical tissues healing in case of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis a furcation perforation.
Gut microbiome-meta-transcriptome analysis reveals that pyruvate and amino acid metabolism bacterial genes are involved in hyperuricemia and gout in humans
Authors: Martínez-Nava Gabriela Angélica , Altamirano-Molina Efren , Vázquez-Mellado Janitzia , Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos , Dopazo Joaquín , Lozada-Pérez Carlos , Herrera-López Brígida , Martínez-Gómez Laura E. , Martínez-Armenta Carlos , Guido-Gómora Dafne Lissete , Valle-Gutiérrez Sarahí , Suarez-Ahedo Carlos , Camacho-Rea María del Carmen , Martínez-García Mireya , Gutiérrez-Esparza Guadalupe , Amezcua-Guerra Luis M. , Zamudio-Cuevas Yessica , Martínez-Flores Karina , Fernández-Torres Javier , Burguete-García Ana , Orbe-Orihuela Yaneth Citlalli , Lagunas-Martínez Alfredo , Méndez-Salazar Eder Orlando , Francisco-Balderas Adriana , Palacios-González Berenice , Pineda Carlos , López-Reyes Alberto
Published: December 2024

Background
Several pathologies with metabolic origin, such as hyperuricemia and gout, have been associated with the gut microbiota taxonomic profile. However, there is no evidence of which bacterial genes are being expressed in the gut microbiome, and of their potential effects on hyperuricemia and gout.
Materials and Methods
We sequenced the RNA of 26 fecal samples from 10 healthy normouricemic controls, 10 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH), and six gout patients. The coding sequences were mapped to KEGG orthologues (KO). We compared the expression levels using generalized linear models and validated the expression of three KO in a larger sample by qRT-PCR.
Results
A distinct genetic expression pattern was identified among groups. AH individuals and gout patients showed an over-expression of KOs mainly related to pyruvate metabolism (Log2foldchange > 23, p-adj ≤ 3.56x10− 9), the pentose pathway (Log2foldchange > 24, p-adj < 1.10x10− 12) and purine metabolism (Log2foldchange > 22, p-adj < 1.25x10− 7). AH subjects had lower expression of KO related to glycine metabolism (Log2foldchange=-18, p-adj < 1.72x10− 6) than controls. Gout patients had lower expression (Log2foldchange=-22.42, p-adj < 3.31x10− 16) of a KO involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis, in comparison to controls and AH subjects. The over-expression seen for the KO related to pyruvate metabolism and the pentose pathway in gout patients´ microbiome was validated.
Conclusions
There is a differential gene expression pattern in the gut microbiome of normouricemic individuals, AH subjects and gout patients. These differences are mainly located in metabolic pathways involved in acetate precursors and bioavailability of amino acids.
Molecular characterization of a novel narnavirus from the plant pathogenic fungus Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Zhao Wenhua , He Zhenrui , Liao Sisi , Yang Mei , Yang Yingqing , Cheng Baoping , Zhou Erxun
Published: December 2024

Mycoviruses are a class of viruses that take fungi, yeasts and oomycetes as hosts and can replicate and multiply within them. They are widely distributed in plant and animal pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) mycovirus from Ustilaginoidea virens strain Uv339, the causal agent of rice false smut (RSF), which was named Ustilaginoidea virens narnavirus 5 (UvNV5). Sequence analysis revealed that UvNV5 has a complete genome length of 2091 nt and contains an open reading frame (ORF) (131-2038 nt), which encodes a 635-amino-acid (aa) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), with a molecular weight of 71.8 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that the UvNV5 genome shares similarities with the RdRp sequence of Ustilaginoidea virens narnavirus virus 13, but the highest identity is only 38.22%. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that UvNV5 clustered within a branch alongside members of the Narnaviridae family. In conclusion, UvNV5 is a novel mycovirus identified as a member of the family Narnaviridae that infects U. virens.
Superiority of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Over mpMRI for Lateral Diagnosis of Intra-Glandular Prostate Cancer Lesions: Avoiding Fluke Targeting
Authors: Wang Min , Quan Zhiyong , Xin Keke , Li Guiyu , Ma Taoqi , Wang Junling , Qin Weijun , Wang Jing , Kang Fei
Published: December 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in detecting unilateral and bilateral intra-glandular prostate cancer lesions.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 73 prostate cancer patients diagnosed via biopsy, all of whom underwent both 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI prior to surgery. Two independent readers, blinded to each other’s results and to pathology findings, evaluated the imaging modalities to make a lateral diagnosis of suspected prostate lesions. Histopathological findings from a 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy served as reference standards. The accuracy of both imaging modalities in determining unilateral and bilateral intra-glandular prostate cancer was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Additionally, factors influencing diagnostic discordance between the two modalities were evaluated.
Results
A total of 73 patients were included in the final analysis, comprising 34 with unilateral lesions and 39 with bilateral lesions. Among these, 35 patients underwent radical prostatectomy, revealing 22 cases of bilateral lesions and 13 cases of unilateral lesions (Kappa = 0.76 (P < 0.001). The lateral diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, based on pathological results from biopsy or prostatectomy, was 80.82% (59/73) and 82.86% (29/35), respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of mpMRI, which demonstrated an accuracy of 54.79% (40/73, P<0.001) and 40% (14/35, P<0.001), respectively. Concordance between 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI for the lateral diagnosis was poor (kappa = 0.015, P < 0.05). When both imaging modalities provided consistent lateralization results (39/73), concordance with pathological findings reached 87.18% (34/39). However, concordance with pathological results was significantly higher for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (76.47%, 26/34) compared to mpMRI (20.59%, 7/34). Further analysis revealed that an SUVmax > 3.95 for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and a PI-RADS score ≥ 4 for mpMRI were independent factors influencing lateral diagnostic concordance.
Conclusion
The 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than mpMRI in the lateral diagnosis of intra-glandular prostate cancer. There was considerable inconsistency in the diagnostic outcomes between 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI, and in cases of discordance, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was notably more accurate. SUVmax ≥ 3.95 and PI-RADS score ≥ 4 were critical factors influencing the correct lateral diagnosis when the results from 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI were inconsistent.