bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten Years and More of ‘Biosciences’ in CORESTA - A Brief Historic Overview
Authors: Röper W
Published: November 2015

In June 2001, the CORESTA2 Board formally decided to broaden the scope of CORESTA by engaging in biosciences (other than tobacco agronomy and phytopathology), starting with in vitro toxicity testing and biomarkers of tobacco (smoke) exposure. Until then, work addressing biological aspects of smoking had only been done since 1996 by a special committee within CORESTA, reporting directly to the Scientific Commission, the Smoking Behaviour Committee. Membership of that committee was - similar to ACAC3 - by invitation only. The broadened scope consequently led to the re-shaping of the then Study Groups ‘Smoke’ and ‘Technology’ into ‘Smoke Science’ (SS) and ‘Product Technology’ (PT).

Subsequently, three Sub-Groups (SG) and Task Forces (TF) were set up, reflecting this change: i) SG Smoking Behaviour (name change of former Committee in 2001), ii) TF ‘Nicotine Intake’ (2001, later on named ‘Nicotine Uptake’, disbanded in 2009) and iii) TF ‘In vitro Toxicity Testing of Tobacco Smoke’ (2002). Finally, a new SG ‘Biomarkers’ was launched in 2009 with a wider scope than its predecessor TF ‘Nicotine Uptake’. The work of these groups has had and still has significant impact on the scientific work within CORESTA, leading to numerous presentations at CORESTA meetings and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

This paper provides a brief analysis of some 270 presentations and posters addressing tobacco smoke toxicity, human smoking behaviour or biomarkers, delivered at CORESTA Congresses and SSPT Joint Meetings between 1993 and 2011. More than 50% of these papers covered different aspects of toxicology, mainly in vitro toxicity testing methodologies, smoke exposure systems and other equipments. Other papers described the influence of cigarette design parameters on smoke toxicity. Approaches to human risk assessment were presented, including the search for suitable in vitro models of the major smoking related human diseases.

CORESTA began discussing smoking behaviour topics at their Vienna meeting in 1995 and received five respective presentations there; indeed, the issue has various aspects, from smoking topography and human smoke yield to smoke uptake, deposition and retention, and… Why do people smoke at all?

As early as 1996, a presentation was given on the determination of urinary mutagenicity in volunteers exposed to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke), apparently indicating a need for CORESTA to engage in this field and to face new challenges. Indeed, our knowledge of biomarkers and how to measure them has increased considerably over the years, and there is a clear trend towards using this knowledge for conducting clinical studies into the assessment of ‘modified risk tobacco products’.
Characterisation of the Draw Resistance Across a Lit Cigarette
Authors: Colard S , Julien S
Published: November 2015

The consumer senses and reacts to the draw resistance of the cigarette after it is lit. In spite of this obvious fact, this physical parameter is usually measured under standard conditions on the unlit cigarette (1). In order to evaluate more accurately the smokers’ perception during the course of cigarette smoking, the theoretical aspects of the draw resistance measurement of a lit cigarette have been studied and an experimental device has been developed.

During puffing on a smoking machine, the variation of the pressure in the cigarette holder is influenced by several parameters which are independent of the characteristics of the cigarette itself, such as the airflow and the experimental device characteristics. Theory and experiments show that the saturation of the Cambridge filter pad and the dead volume, in the sample holder and connection tubes, significantly modify the measured pressure at the mouth end. The impact of these modifications can be minimized by the calculation of a single parameter which is characteristic of the draw resistance of the cigarette, and derived from the evolution of pressure over time. In addition, the integration of the measured pressure profile during each puff provides another way for the draw resistance assessment and gives a value related to the energy required to generate each of them.

An experimental device has been developed using a oneport smoking machine, a cigarette holder with a connection for a pressure sensor, an analog-to-digital converter and a recorder. For the calibration of the system, a procedure using multi-capillary pressure drop standards composed of capillary tubes is discussed.

Finally, the developed device and approach enabled the measurement and the recording of the draw resistance evolution over the time as the cigarette burns, and thus a better assessment of the potential smokers’ sensation during smoking.
Evaluation of Several Minor Alkaloid Levels in Tobacco with Separation of R- and S-Nornicotine
Authors: Moldoveanu SC
Published: November 2015

The chiral separation of minor alkaloids from tobacco is of interest because R and S isomers of these compounds have differences in their physiological activity. This difference is also reflected in the physiological properties of tobaccospecificN’-nitrosamines (TSNAs), in particular that of N’-nitrosonornicotine. This compound results mainly from nornicotinenitrosation. The previously reported analytical techniques for the enantiomer separation of minor alkaloids have various shortcomings, such as the need for bidimensional chromatography or poor enantiomer separation. A new method for the analysis of nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine has been developed, based on an original derivatization and a simple gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The method allows separate quantitation of S-nornicotine and R-nornicotine, and the analysis of anabasine and anatabine (without isomer separation). It was found that the proportion of S-nornicotine in the total nornicotine present in tobacco varies, depending on the tobacco type, between 52.6% for a flue-cured tobacco to 91.4% for a Burley. Green tobaccos (freeze dried) showed lower levels of minor alkaloids and S-nornicotine accounted for between 31.6% to 43.8% of the total nornicotine (in the analyzed samples).
Editors’ Note
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G
Published: November 2015

We would like to inform our readers that early next year our website will be relaunched. BeiträgezurTabakforschung International will subsequently appear on the online platform of the publishing house of De Gruyter as an open access journal. The journal will thus be integrated with a worldwide network of other journals, databases and libraries and its contents will be distributed to a global network of users. Our readers will be able to access it - as before - free of charges but they will be asked to register as a user on this platform before access can be made. Our authors are invited to submit their manuscripts using the online manuscript submission and peer review system.

We would like to wish all of you a blessed Christmas and a prosperous and Happy New Year.
The Relationship between Sustainability– Oriented Innovation Practices and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Slovenian Organizations
Authors: Maletič Matjaž , Maletič Damjan , Dahlgaard Jens J. , Dahlgaard-Park Su Mi , Gomišček Boštjan
Published: November 2015

Background and Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse the effects of sustainability-oriented innovation practices on the overall organizational performance. Further, this paper also aims to advance understanding of the measurement of corporate sustainability practices with the focus on innovation dimensions. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study uses data obtained from a survey of 116 organizations encompassing both the manufacturing and service industries in Slovenia. Descriptive statistics were used in order to determine the level of sustainability-oriented innovation practices deployment. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to extract the underlying factors and to provide a basis for assessing their reliability and validity. In addition, regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of sustainability practices on the organizational performance. Results - Data analysis result showed that sustainability-oriented innovation practices are significantly associated with organizational performance. Therefore, empirical evidence from this research confirmed the premise that building innovation competencies and integrating innovation activities in organization’s processes lead to performance benefits. This contributes to the debate about the potential for organizations to be sustainable and competitive. Conclusion - The presented research on corporate sustainability provides important theoretical and practical insights on which the deployment of sustainability-oriented innovation practices are conducive to fostering a broader set of performance benefits. As such, managers should increase organizations’ capacity for innovation which can be beneficial in terms of performance implications and achieving sustainability goals
Shaping of Competencies of Managers in Academic Incubators of Entrepreneurship in Poland
Authors: Kurowska-Pysz Joanna
Published: November 2015

Background and purpose: Participation of future entrepreneurs in Academic Incubators of Entrepreneurship (AIE) in Poland is one of the innovative paths to shape their managerial competences. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the activities of the AIEs as an environment inside of which managerial competencies are formed, and formulate recommendations concerning the improvement of AIEs, in terms of the development of managerial skills of future entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: The author relied on research - study surveys and empirical, qualitative, exploratory research, which were supported by figures. The author focused on four important issues: - Motives of researchers and students interested in the support of AIE; - The quality of support offered by the incubator to its participants as well as the frequency of use of this support by future entrepreneurs; - The possibility of extending the support system for AIE participants; - Traits / managerial and entrepreneurial competences desired in people running their own businesses. Results: AIE participants are focused primarily on implementing their business ventures and to a much lesser extent, care about the simultaneous development of their managerial competencies to manage these projects. It is manifested, among other by differentiated assessment of the suitability of certain forms of support from the incubator and the low intensity of use of this support. Despite this, AIE participants perceive the development of desirable traits and strengthening of specific entrepreneurial, management competencies. It is not a very dynamic growth, although it translates into their motivation to start a business after leaving the incubator. Conclusion: It is recommended to place greater emphasis on mobilizing the future entrepreneurs to make use of forms of support for the development of their managerial competences. It is necessary for complex preparation of future entrepreneurs to independently conduct business after leaving the incubator
Training Needs Assessment for Leaders in Nursing Based on Comparison of Competency Models
Authors: Kvas Andreja , Seljak Janko , Stare Janez
Published: November 2015

Background and Purpose: The main purpose behind the formation of leadership competency models must be the improvement of leadership. A competency model should serve as one of the tools for selecting the most suitable leaders, appraising their work, assessing training needs and preparing programmes of functional and formal education. The objective of this research is to assess the training needs of leaders in health care. A comparison of leadership competency models between different professional groups should serve as one of the tools with which to assess the training needs of various levels of leaders. Design/Methodology/Approach: A descriptive study using a survey design was conducted on 141 nurse leaders in Slovenia. Respondents indicated to what extent each of 95 different behaviours was characteristic of a person at their leadership level. Results: The most important competence dimensions (groups of behaviours) for leaders in health care are (1) at the first - top leadership level: strategic thinking, openness to change and responsibility; (2) for leaders at the second - middle leadership level: relations with co-workers, animation, resistance to stress; and (3) for leaders at the third leadership level: realisation skills, execution of procedures, communication. Training needs assessments were done for three leadership levels in nursing care. Conclusions: The greatest need for training of nurse leaders can be observed at the third leadership level. Special training programmes should be organised in the competency areas of realisation skills, execution of procedures, communication, education and ethics
Skeletal muscle development in vertebrate animals
Authors: Shahjahan Md
Published: November 2015

This review covers the pre- and post-natal development of skeletal muscle of vertebrate animals with cellular and molecular levels. The formation of skeletal muscle initiates from paraxial mesoderm during embryogenesis of individuals which develops somites and subsequently forms dermomyotome derived myotome to give rise axial musculature. This process (myogenesis) includes stem and progenitor cell maintenance, lineage specification, and terminal differentiation to form myofibrils consequent muscle fibers which control muscle mass and its multiplication. The main factors of muscle growth are proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells in prenatal stage and also the growth of satellite cells at postnatal stage. There is no net increase in the number of muscle fibers in vertebrate animals after hatch or birth except fish. The development of muscle is characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy in prenatal and postnatal stages of individuals, respectively, through Wnt signalling pathway including environment, nutrition, sex, feed, growth and myogenic regulatory factors. Therefore further studies could elucidate new growth related genes, markers and factors to enhance meat production and enrich knowledge on muscle growth.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 139-148
Association of MC4R codon 42 polymorphism with obese/diabetic ethnic Kashmiri population
Authors: Dar Rubiya , Rasool Shabhat , Zargar Ab Hamid , Jan Tariq R , Andrabi Khurshid I
Published: November 2015

Our objective was to study the sequence variations of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in obese/diabetic populations of the Kashmir region and workout association of such variations (if any) with the disease phenotype. No such study has ever been taken up in the Jammu and Kashmir State, despite the existence of a significant population of obese/diabetic patients. A total of 420 samples were taken in the present study. Among them 200 were obese and 220 were normal. The samples were divided into three groups i.e., normal (220), obese with non diabetics (150) and obese with diabetics (50). Allele frequencies were tested for HardyWeinberg disequilibrium. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the ?2 tests or the Fisher exact tests. A novel heterozygous variation (Glu42Lys) was observed in all groups at a frequency of 10% in obese with non diabetics, 26% in obese with diabetics and 1.81% in healthy controls (BMI ? 23 kg/m2) which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in both obese or obese with diabetes groups. G to A substituting glutamic acid with lysine appeared to associate with both diabetes and obesity significantly (p< 0.05). Insilico predictions show that substitutions likely have an impact on structure and functional properties of protein making it imperative to understand their functional consequences in relation with diabetes and obesity. These results indicate that this novel genotype may have a possible bearing in the genesis of obesity or diabetes in Kashmiri population.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 149-157
Serological response of commercial dairy cattle to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (type-O & A) in Nigeria
Authors: Lazarus David Dazhia , Wungak Yiltawe Simwal , Adah Mohammed Ignatius , Ibu John Okpapi , Abenga Jerry Ngutor , Ekong Pius Stephen , Ularamu Hussaini Gulak
Published: November 2015

An observational study was conducted in a peri-urban dairy establishment in Jos South, Plateau State Nigeria to determine immune response of dairy cattle to commercial inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine serotypes (O and A). Thirty seven Friesian cattle aged ?2years old with their crosses (15 selected pre-vaccination and 22 selected 21 days post-vaccination) were investigated for immune response to vaccination with an inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine containing serotypes O, A and SAT 2). Sera collected on day 0 pre-vaccination and 21 days post-vaccination was tested for structural protein antibodies to FMD serotypes O and A using the Solid Phase Competitive ELISA assay. The mean OD value for serum end point titre of FMD serotype O pre-vaccination was 11.64% with 6.67% (95%CI: 0.33  28.73) of the selected cattle being seropositive, at 21 days post-vaccination the mean OD value in selected cattle was 52.83% with 68.18% (95%CI: 46.95  84.89) of the selected cattle seropositive. For the FMD serotype A, 26.67% (95%CI: 9.10  52.53) of the selected cattle were seropositive pre-vaccination with a mean OD value of 29.21% and by 21 days post-vaccination, 72.73% (95%CI: 51.67  88.13) of the selected cattle were seropositive with a mean OD value of 61.70%. Serological response to vaccination improved in most selected cattle by 21 days post-vaccination. This study result has indicated that commercial inactivated FMD vaccines used for the prophylactic control of FMD in commercial dairy farm in Nigeria provoked immune response after a single shot.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 163-168
Serotyping and identification of predisposing factors for the occurrence and distribution of ovine pasteurellosis in Bonga sheep breed
Authors: Mengstie Fisseha
Published: November 2015

Cross-sectional study for investigating the prevailing field serotypes and predisposing factors for the occurrence and distribution of ovine pasteurellosis in Bonga sheep breed of different agro-ecology of Adiyo (highland), Gawata (lowland) and Debub Bench (Midland) of Kaffa and Benchi Maji in southern Ethiopia was conducted during July 2012 to June 2013. For this purpose, a questioner survey to identify predisposing factors and laboratory analysis on samples to investigate the prevailing field serotypes were performed. In these regard, a total of 210 farmers were interviewed and 70 blood samples from each agro-ecology (total of 210) was randomly collected following standard procedures. Laboratory analysis was performed by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique at National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. The finding showed that, 34.8% of the farmers household main sources of income were dependent on sheep production in which ovine pasteurellosis had 81% of occurrence. Management of sheep like housing and sanitation of the barn were predisposing factors. Irrespective of agro-ecology, M. haemolytica A2 (52.4%) followed by A7 (42.4%) and A1 (31%) were detected where as P. multocida serotype was not detected. Among identified serotypes, highest prevalence of M. haemolytica A1 (37.1%) were detected in lowland where as A2 (62.9%) in Midland and lowland with equal prevalence and A7 (85.7%) in midland. Therefore, ovine pasteurellosis was the major disease of sheep identified with multiple losses in the production and M. haemolytica is the most common cause identified. Measures such as, improving management practices by providing optimal sanitation in housing, providing good quality supplement feeding during rainy season and minimizing stress factors should be taken into account to reduce the prevalence. In addition, the currently use vaccine (P. multocida biotype A) not incorporate the identified serotypes so that may not protect the disease. As a result, use of multivalent vaccine by incorporating those identified serotypes is necessary to effectively prevent the disease.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 175-181
Effect of dietary fatty acid on blood lipid profile and induced bacterial infection in rat
Authors: Akter Most Sumona , Yousuf Md Abu , Ali Md Yousuf , Khatun Most Mahfuja , Saha Sukumar , Islam Md Kamrul
Published: November 2015

Ground nut is one of the commonly used decorative nutritious relish seed around the world. Ground nut have hypocholesterolamic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, immune-modulatory and bacterial counting effects. In Bangladesh, limited research has so far been performed on the action of ground nut in biological system and its comparative efficacy with commercialized drugs that reduce blood cholesterol. The aim of this study was carried on the effects of PUFA on blood total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) and against artificial inoculation (I/N) Staphylococcus aureus infection of experimental rat by feeding of ground nut. A total of fifteen long Evans rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=5) and numbered as A, B and C. Group A (control), Group B (50gm ground nut/ day/group), group C (100 gm ground nut/day/group). All groups were supplied with standard broiler pellet and fresh drinking water throughout the experimental period (January to June /2012). The blood samples were collected directly from the heart at the 1st and 60th day for biochemical test (TC, LDL, HDL and TG) and test was performed as per Memorial Diagnostic Centre, Charpara, Mymensingh. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in nutrient broth and 100 µl of their culture was inoculated into the rats through intranasal route. Among all the treated groups, the rats of group C exhibited the lowest TC value, TG and LDL and reduced blood cholesterol significantly than (control group A) followed by group B. In bacteriological examinations, it was found that the number of bacterial colony lowest in group C in comparison with the group of A and B. From the present experiment, it can be assumed that PUFA has significant effect on blood lipid profile and against bacterial infection.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 235-243
Attitude of the farmers towards climate change effect on agriculture
Authors: Islam Md Rakibul , Biswas Md Jamil Hossain , Akanda Md Golam Rabbani , Amin Md Ruhul , Hasan Imam Mehedi , Asif Abdulla Al , Sheheli S , Sharif BM Newaz
Published: November 2015

Global climate change has triggered the increased incidence of extreme disasters like cyclone, flood, soil salinity, etc. in the coastal region of Bangladesh. In the recent past, an amplified number of fatalities happened and the greater impact also acted upon the attitude of coastal people. Badarpur Union under Patuakhali Sadar upazila of Patuakhali District was the selected locale of the concerned study. Data for this research work were personally collected from a randomly sampled 121 farmers from different villages of Badarpur union by using an interview schedule. Attitude of the farmers was ascertained through a five-point-Likert type scale. Co-efficient of correlation (r) was computed to explore the relationships between farmers? attitude and their selected characteristics. The findings revealed that 51.2 percent of the farmers had moderately favourable attitude towards climate change effect while 42.1 percent had slightly favourable and 6.6 percent had highly favourable attitude. The correlation test showed that the education, farming experience, farm size, annual income, training received and agricultural knowledge had positive significant relationships with farmers? attitude towards climate change effect on agriculture while the rest of the characteristics had no relationship in the present study. The focus findings of the present study were that, the attitude of the farmers is changing due to changes in the climatic conditions and there was a positive effect of it on agriculture.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 367-379
Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Wagner Tino , Beyer Hannes , Reissner Patrick , Mensch Philipp , Riel Heike , Gotsmann Bernd , Stemmer Andreas
Published: November 2015

Frequency modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KFM) is the method of choice for high resolution measurements of local surface potentials, yet on coarse topographic structures most researchers revert to amplitude modulated lift-mode techniques for better stability. This approach inevitably translates into lower lateral resolution and pronounced capacitive averaging of the locally measured contact potential difference. Furthermore, local changes in the strength of the electrostatic interaction between tip and surface easily lead to topography crosstalk seen in the surface potential. To take full advantage of the superior resolution of FM-KFM while maintaining robust topography feedback and minimal crosstalk, we introduce a novel FM-KFM controller based on a Kalman filter and direct demodulation of sidebands. We discuss the origin of sidebands in FM-KFM irrespective of the cantilever quality factor and how direct sideband demodulation enables robust amplitude modulated topography feedback. Finally, we demonstrate our single-scan FM-KFM technique on an active nanoelectronic device consisting of a 70 nm diameter InAs nanowire contacted by a pair of 120 nm thick electrodes.
RELAXED Η-PROXIMAL OPERATOR FOR SOLVING A VARIATIONAL-LIKE INCLUSION PROBLEM
Authors: Rahaman Mijanur , Ahmad Rais , Dilshad Mohd , Ahmad Iqbal
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we introduce a new resolvent operator and we call it relaxed η-proximal operator. We demonstrate some of the properties of relaxed η- proximal operator. By applying this concept, we consider and study a variational -like inclusion problem with a nonconvex functional. Based on relaxed η-proximal operator, we define an iterative algorithm to approximate the solutions of a variational-like inclusion problem and the convergence of the iterative sequences generated by the algorithm is also discussed. Our results can be treated as refinement of many previously known results. An example is constructed in support of Theorem 1.
ON THE MODULUS OF THE SELBERG ZETA-FUNCTIONS IN THE CRITICAL STRIP
Authors: Grigutis Andrius , Šiaučiūnas Darius
Published: November 2015

We investigate the behavior of the real part of the logarithmic derivatives of the Selberg zeta-functions ZPSL(2,Z)(s) and ZC (s) in the critical strip 0 < σ < 1. The functions ZPSL(2,Z)(s) and ZC (s) are defined on the modular group and on the compact Riemann surface, respectively.
They Are Called Nursing Homes for a Reason: RN Staffing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Harden J Taylor , Burger Sarah Greene
Published: November 2015

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Consolidated Medicare and Medicaid regulations have not been systematically reviewed and updated since 1991. Existing regulations require that, with certain exceptions, an RN provide services in a facility for 8 consecutive hours per day, 7 days per week; licensed practical nurses (LPNs) 24 hours per day; and sufficient staff to meet residents' needs. The requirements to determine “sufficient” staff remain undefined by CMS. Several national organizations support RN staffing 24 hours per day each day of the week (24/7). These organizations provided evidence refuting CMS' position that it does not have sufficient information at this time to require a specific number of staff or hours of nursing care per resident. Consideration should be given to the Institute of Medicine recommendation affrming the need for and requiring the presence of at least one RN within every nursing home facility at all times. Currently, there is a bill in the House of Representatives that supports 24/7 RN coverage in nursing homes, which must become both bipartisan and bicameral to be passed. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(12), 15–20.]
El ranking BiPublishers: Principales resultados y problemas metodológicos en la construcción de rankings de editoriales académicas
Authors: Torres-Salinas Daniel , Robinson-Garcia Nicolás , Jiménez-Contreras Evaristo , Fuente-Gutiérrez Enrique
Published: November 2015

Presentamos los resultados del proyecto Bibliometric Indicators for Publishers (BiPublishers). Es el primer proyecto que desarrolla de manera sistemática rankings bibliométricos de editoriales. La fuente de datos empleada es el Book Citation Index y el periodo de análisis 2009-2013. Se presentan 42 rankings: 4 por áreas y 38 por disciplinas. Mostramos seis indicadores por editorial divididos según su tipología: producción, impacto y características editoriales. Se procesaron 254 editoriales y se clasificaron según el tipo: comerciales y universitarias. Se presentan las principales editoriales por áreas. Después, se discuten los principales retos a superar en el desarrollo de este tipo de herramientas. El ranking Bipublishers es un proyecto en desarrollo que persigue analizar y explorar nuevas fuentes de datos e indicadores para captar y definir el impacto de las editoriales académicas.
An Approach to Using Elemental Interfaces to Assess Design Clarity
Authors: Freund Tillmann , Würtenberger Jan , Kloberdanz Hermann , Blakaj Petrit
Published: November 2015

The authors propose a method to assess the clarity of a design on working principle level. To do so, the Contact and Channel Model is used in an adapted form to differentiate elemental interfaces based on their geometry and function. This classification is used to derive a generic catalogue of elemental interfaces. A product can be represented through a combination of these interfaces and working structures in between. The design clarity can then be assessed through generic information stored in the catalogue. The authors propose a procedure model to implement this method and show exemplarily its applicability. Additionally, main design parameters that strongly affect a product’s behavior can be identified with help of the generic catalogue for every elemental interface. Finally, further steps regarding variability in design parameters are discussed.
Proved Quality by Online Monitoring and Closed-Loop Control of Pin Insertion
Authors: Erhardt Maximiliane , Kaschube Carsten , Menacher Markus
Published: November 2015

To provide high quality in production and assembly processes need to be controlled. This paper analyzes the effect and necessity of online monitoring and closed-loop control of pin insertion. In this investigation pin insertion is an assembly process wherein metallic pins are pressed into polymer structures. The investigations described in this paper are made at the Robert Bosch GmbH and according to their requirements towards production standards, quality and traceability.
Control of Uncertainty in High Precision Cutting Processes: Reaming of Valve Guides in a Cylinder Head of a Combustion Engine
Authors: Bölling Christian , Güth Sebastian , Abele Eberhard
Published: November 2015

In production processes uncertainty has a great impact on the product quality as well as production costs. In automotive industry the reaming of valve guides in a cylinder head of a combustion engine is a quality determining process. Due to the force fitting of the valve guides into the cylinder head the final reaming process has to deal with increased uncertainty. On the other hand, the finished hole is closely tolerated. To ensure the process reliability the admissible tolerance must be strictly met even in case of uncertainty. This paper presents a possibility to achieve process reliability by a modified process chain with an additional pilot reaming tool. Thereby, the effect of different cutting edge preparation is also analyzed. Further, the influence of the pilot reamer geometry on the final hole quality is investigated.
Using Particle Filters to Analyse the Credibility in Model Predictions
Authors: Green Peter Lewis
Published: November 2015

Models are often used to make predictions far from the region where they were trained and validated. In this paper attempts are made to analyse the credibility that can be placed in such predictions. The proposed approach involves treating a model’s parameters as time-variant (even if it is believed that this is not the case), before utilising Bayesian tracking techniques to realise parameter estimates. An example is used to demonstrate that, relative to a Bayesian approach where the parameters are assumed to be time-invariant, treating the parameters as time-variant can reveal important flaws in the model and raise questions about its ability to make credible predictions.
Developing a Control Strategy for Booster Stations under Uncertain Load
Authors: Pöttgen Philipp , Ederer Thorsten , Altherr Lena C. , Pelz Peter F.
Published: November 2015

Booster stations can fulfill a varying pressure demand with high energy-efficiency, because individual pumps can be deactivated at smaller loads. Although this is a seemingly simple approach, it is not easy to decide precisely when to activate or deactivate pumps. Contemporary activation controls derive the switching points from the current volume flow through the system. However, it is not measured directly for various reasons. Instead, the controller estimates the flow based on other system properties. This causes further uncertainty for the switching decision. In this paper, we present a method to find a robust, yet energy-efficient activation strategy.
Investigation of Uncertainty Sources of Piezoresistive Silicon Based Stress Sensor
Authors: Palczynska Alicja , Schindler-Saefkow Florian , Gromala Przemyslaw , Kreyßig Kerstin , Rzepka Sven , Mayer Dirk , Melz Tobias
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to get insight into measurement uncertainties for thermomechanical measurements performed using a piezoresistive silicon-based stress sensor in a standard microelectronic package. All used sensors have the same construction, were produced in the same technological processes at the same time, yet the measurement results show significant distribution. The possible causes for this phenomenon are discussed in this paper. Additionally, Finite Element Method (FEM) model is created and validated, what enables a study of sensitive parameters influencing the measurement uncertainties.
Model Verification and Validation of a Piezo-Elastic Support for Passive and Active Structural State Control of Beams with Circular Cross-Section
Authors: Götz Benedict , Schaeffner Maximilian , Platz Roland , Melz Tobias
Published: November 2015

Beams in lightweight truss structures are subject to axial and lateral loads that may lead to undesired structural vibration or failure by buckling. The axial and lateral forces may be transferred via the truss supports that offer possibilities for state control of single beams and larger structures. In earlier own studies, the concept of a piezo-elastic support for active buckling control and resonant shunt damping has been investigated. An elastic spring element is used to allow a rotation in the beam's bearing in any plane perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis. The rotation is laterally transferred to an axial displacement of piezoelectric stack transducers that are either used to generate active lateral forces for active buckling control or to attenuate vibrations with a resonant shunt. In this paper, the model verification and validation of the elastic properties of the piezo-elastic support for passive and active structural control of beams with circular cross-section is presented. The rotational and lateral spring element stiffness is investigated numerically and experimentally and the existing models are updated in the verification process. The model is validated by comparing the numerical results and experimental ability for vibration attenuation.
Uncertainty in Product Modelling within the Development Process
Authors: Würtenberger Jan , Gramlich Sebastian , Freund Tillmann , Lotz Julian , Zocholl Maximilian , Kloberdanz Hermann
Published: November 2015

This paper gives an overview about how to locate uncertainty in product modelling within the development process. Therefore, the process of product modelling is systematized with the help of characteristics of product models and typical working steps to develop a product model. Based on that, it is possible to distinguish between product modelling uncertainty, mathematic modelling uncertainty, parameter uncertainty, simulation uncertainty and product model uncertainty.
Friction and Wear Behavior of Moglice Polymer Composite through Dry Sliding Ball-on-Flat Reciprocating Test
Authors: Iliuţă Virgil , Rîpă Minodora , Preda Adriana , Andrei Gabriel
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of friction and wear properties of a composite material-moglice - made by Diamant Metallplastic GmbH company, from Germany. This material is a polymeric matrix reinforced with particles of cristobalite (αSiO2) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). The material is recommended by the manufacturer for repairing metal parts. This material was tribologically tested in dry friction conditions, on a ball on flat configuration, using the reciprocating method, on a CETR UMT-2 tribometer (Bruker Corporation). The counterpart was a steel ball. The tests were performed at room temperature in normal conditions of relative humidity of 40-60% using an average sliding speed of 3.5 mm/s. The tests were carried out at normal loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50N over a sliding distance of 100 m. The wear traces obtained were optically examined with μSCAN laser profilometer (NANOFOCUS).
Researches Regarding the Influence of Cutting Regime on Processed Surface in Aluminum Alloys Turning Process
Authors: Trif Adrian , Borzan Marian , Popan Alexandru , Fraţilă Domniţa , Rus Adriana , Nedezki Claudiu
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of cutting regime parameters in case of dry turning of an aluminum alloy. For turning process of the aluminum alloy was used Sandvik insert DCGX 11 T3 08 Al H10. The influence of the main cutting parameters on the surface quality was analyzed using a statistical method (ANOVA) used to test differences between two or more means. Based on a mathematical model can be calculated the surface roughness taking into account the cutting speed, the feed rate and the depth of cutting.
Substitution of Bearing Races Grinding Operations of Large-Diameter Cylindrical Bearings by Hard Turning
Authors: Stancekova Dana , Semcer Jan , Petru Jana , Naprstkova Natasa
Published: November 2015

Maintaining positions in the highly competitive environment of global markets in the field of rolling bearings causes constant need for production efficiency increase. The products now have higher quality demands along with shorter production times and reduced production costs. The aim of the article is to optimize finishing manufacturing processes of bearing races, after the analysis of quality demands of large-diameter bearings, manufacturing options and examining of current knowledge about hardened steels turning, focusing on the replacement of grinding operations by hard turning operations with intention to minimize machine time and production cost together with keeping the quality of machined surface.
Designing a Hybryd Equipment for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Arnold Eles , Neamtu Calin , Ciupan Cornel , Popa Anton
Published: November 2015

In terms of the development of 3D printers we can say that in the first stage of evolution the huge majority of them were able to print 3D using 3 axis numerically controlled. Currently there are several types of printers that can print in 4 and 5-axis developed using classical solutions (portal or parallel structure). Another direction of development is the combination of 3D printers and traditional manufacturing equipment, with an already existing commercial solution (Hermle MPA 40) that combines milling and MPA technology (Metal Powder-Application). This paper presents a hybrid equipment that can be placed in the specific additive manufacturing category, combining milling operations (4 axis) and turning with 3D printing using FDM technology. The machine uses stepper motors for driving kinematic axes, a DC motor (16 000 rev / min) to drive the main shaft of the mill and a three-phase motor for turning. The software used for milling and turning is Mach3, while MatterControl is used for 3D printing.
Device for Training of Machine Tool Diagnostic Routines under Various Conditions
Authors: Císar Miroslav , Kuric Ivan , Ceclan Vasile Adrian
Published: November 2015

The article deals with diagnostics of machine tool precision and necessity to train basic routines of measurement and its preparation. Such training is essential for efficiency of diagnostic processes as preparation is usually the most time-consuming and skill-demanding part of overall measurement. The article roughly describes simulation of machine tool errors on proposed experimental device and its implementation into the training process in order to gain experiences with measurement on machine tools in wide scale of conditions. Described device is designed to simulate several geometrical errors, inaccuracies and environmental impacts on precision of positioning which affects not only machine precision but also effectivity of measurement itself.
Simulation Model of Coordination Robot Trajectories with Load Sharing – 1D Case
Authors: Slota Adam , Krupa Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

Coordination of robots’ motion is required when two robots are to execute a single task. Presented algorithm of coordination robot trajectories is based on composition of two motions: a programmed one and a corrective one. In the former version of the algorithm programmed motion is a simple straight line motion to a fixed final position or may be defined as a set of Bezier curve segments. Corrective motion aims at keeping a constant relative distance between robots’ TCPs. Proposed modification of the algorithm takes into account distribution of load, caused by the weight of the manipulated part, between robots. For the clarity one dimensional case is considered with the gravity force along the direction of robots’ TCPs motion. To calculate force interaction between manipulated part and robots’ TCP a flexible connection with a defined stiffness is assumed. The algorithm is implemented as a simulation model and simulation results are presented.
The Use of PLC for the Implementation of Technological Operations
Authors: Kocór Grzegorz , Legutko Stanisław , Krolczyk Jolanta B.
Published: November 2015

Programmable Logic Controllers are important part of automation, performed in computer technology. They are applied in many areas of technology. The aim of this study is to present the drilling process of discs on the test rig prepared for the use in industrial conditions. S7-200 controller with operator panel TD200 has been applied to conduct the technological process, and programme STEP was used to support particular commands. It has been shown that the correct operation of the drilling process is dependent on the optimal design of the technological process. The algorithm depends on the programming language dedicated to the controller. The optimal operation of the controller is dependent on the number of input circuits gathering information on the object status and on the appropriate number and type of output devices connected to the actuators, and to the signalling or data transmission elements.
Semi-Automatic Assembly Device for Car Stepped Door Stop
Authors: Stroe Sergiu , Onescu Constantin , Tabacu Ștefan , Cagri Inal
Published: November 2015

The paper shows a new approach of the assembly device design, as a combination of product complexity analysis, the level of automation imposed by the company business strategy and assembly device complexity analysis. The proposed assembly process flowchart contains a hybrid method to assembly balls, springs, plastic covers and safety locks into the box of the stepped mechanisms of car door. To increase the productivity correlated with costs reduction, it chooses a semi-automatic method based on the PLC automatics which commands with the help of pneumatics.
The device assembly principles will be established and with the help CAD software the device model will be performed.
Electrical Current at Metal Cutting Process: A Literature Review
Authors: Daicu Raluca , Oancea Gheorghe
Published: November 2015

Processing metallic materials by cutting using good electricity conductor cutting edges it appears an electrical current due mainly to the temperature in the cutting zone. Analyzing of the electrical current the information about the unfolding mode of the cutting process can be obtained. The cutting electrical current can be used in several applications: the estimation of the temperature in the cutting zone, the estimation of the cutting forces, the identification of the wear state of the cutting edge etc. The first researches were started in Russia and they were based on the utilization of the cutting electrical current to measure the temperature in the cutting zone. Afterwards, other applications were identified in the literature and the researches were extended in other countries like India, Japan, USA, Brazil, France, Bangladesh and Romania. This paper presents a review of the researches about the electrical current which appears at cutting process.
Taguchi Design of Experiment versus Dynamic Programming Approach in the Optimization of Turning Process
Authors: Metelski Andrzej , Krile Srecko , Maruda Radoslaw W. , Legutko Stanislaw , Krolczyk Grzegorz M.
Published: November 2015

The paper examines the influence of cutting parameters, namely cutting speed and feed rate on the tool life in machining process of cylindrical billets made from a Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS). Two optimization methods is presents, one based on the Taguchi design of the experiment with orthogonal array L9 and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the second based on the dynamic programming approach with modified Dijkstra's algorithm have been used to find optimal levels of the control parameters. ANOVA was performed to determine the significance of the input variables. A predictive mathematical model has been developed through a regression analysis to study the response. The results at optimum cutting conditions are predicted using estimated values. Finally, the features, the merits and the limitations of the presented optimization approaches were discussed.
Clinching of Steel Sheets Used in Automotive Industry
Authors: Béres Gábor , Danyi József , Végvári Ferenc
Published: November 2015

Clinching is a mechanical cold forming method to join two or more overlapping sheets without using of rivet. This technology is already in use for production of aluminium and steel sheet car body panels. This process is carried out without heat effect on the material structure. Thus the clinching is one of the technologies which may replace traditional processes as resistance spot welding or frictional spot welding. The clinching technology has been well known many years ago, but only during last decade gets more increased interest especially in automotive industry.
This paper presents the results of experimental research work in field of clinching of different (high and soft) strength steel sheets developed for automotive industry.
How the Crystallization Process in Metal Casting is Influenced by the Mold Filling and Cooling Methods
Authors: Panc Nicolae , Bâlc Nicolae , Popan Alina
Published: November 2015

The paper presents a case study on a aluminium part obtained by three different casting methods: die casting, investment casting and sand casting. The article analyzes the mold filling method, solidification time and crystal structure type obtained for each casting process. The purpose was to obtaine more homogenous crystalline structure of the cast parts, with better mechanical properties. The mold filling method with molten metal and heat transfer method influences the mechanical properties of the cast parts.