bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The police’s intelligence-led crisis management: Crossing knowledge boundaries of operational and intelligence practices during acute crises
Authors: Hoel Linda , Filstad Cathrine
Published: August 2023

Major, acute crises call for efficient crisis management. This study examines how understandings of police operational and intelligence officers affect collaboration and information sharing during acute crises. The paper shows the crisis management structure impedes collaboration in developing a collective understanding. Knowledge gaps led to difficulty in sharing information and intelligence, and, in decision-making meetings, in trusting the intelligence analysis. The study provides insight into social prerequisites necessary for managers’ collaborative work to be coherent and meaningful. The discussion concentrates on bridging the gap between operational and intelligence practices by reducing the existing knowledge boundaries.
Finding Moral Value through Maintaining a Working Class ‘Mentality’: Student Teachers from Working Class Backgrounds (Not) Becoming Middle Class
Authors: Keane Elaine
Published: August 2023

This article examines the perspectives of student teachers from working class backgrounds about not becoming middle class. Little attention has been paid to conceptualisations of social class in teaching. In the context of drives internationally to diversify teaching populations, research is needed about the experiences of student teachers from working class backgrounds in their upwardly mobile trajectories. This article draws on a constructivist grounded theory study about the social class identities of 21 student teachers from working class backgrounds as part of a wider teacher diversity project in Ireland. Distinguishing between class ‘mentality’ and materiality, participants emphasised that one could not change class completely, rejected the middle classness of a teacher’s social status and positioned working class ‘mentality’ as morally superior. Those from working class backgrounds do not simply relinquish aspects of their identity through upward social mobility, suggesting that habitus may not always be divided upon traversing class boundaries.
Say you’ll be there: Associations between observed verbal responses, friendship quality, and perceptions of support in young adult friendships
Authors: Macdonald Erin P. , Khullar Thomas H. , Vezina Ella L. , Santucci Katya , Lydon John E. , Rose Amanda J. , Dirks Melanie A.
Published: August 2023

Friendships are a primary source of social support during young adulthood; however, little is known about the factors associated with young adults feeling greater support during interactions with friends. We examined how micro-level verbal responses and macro-level judgments of friendship quality were associated with perceptions of support following an interaction between friends. Same-gender friend dyads ( N = 132; 66.2% female; 18–24 years, M age = 19.63) took turns speaking about a problem, then participants rated their perceptions of support given and received following the task. We coded each participant’s verbal responses while in the listening role. Actor Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) revealed significant partner effects for negative engagement responses, such that greater negative engagement responses were linked with the partner perceiving poorer support both given and received. Models revealed significant actor effects for supportive responses, such that greater supportive responses predicted the actor perceiving better support both given and received. Additionally, models revealed significant actor effects of friendship quality predicting actors’ perceiving better support both given and received. Finally, exploratory models revealed minimal interactions between a few types of verbal responses and positive friendship quality. Taken together, results suggest that (a) negative verbal responding styles may be more meaningfully associated with partners’ perceptions of support in the moment than are supportive behaviours, whereas (b) supportive verbal responding styles may be more meaningfully associated with actors’ perceptions of support in the moment, and (c) actors’ judgments of friendship quality are strongly associated with their overall perceptions of support, and a critical factor to consider in future research.
(Dis)information warfare: Risks for businesses
Authors: Tredinnick Luke
Published: August 2023

This issue of Out-of-the-Box addresses the threat of information warfare for commercial organisations, and examines the role of information professionals in mitigating those risks. It first explores the nature of information warfare, before examining the threats to business posed by aggressive actions in the information domain. Finally it looks at the role of information professionals in assessing, understanding and managing risk.
Improving SUVR quantification by correcting for radiotracer clearance in tissue
Authors: Honhar Praveen , Matuskey David , Carson Richard E , Hillmer Ansel T
Published: August 2023

Standardized Uptake Value Ratio ( SUVR) is a widely reported semi-quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) outcome measure, partly because of its ease of measurement from short scan durations. However, in brain, SUVR is often a biased estimator of the gold-standard distribution volume ratio ( DVR) due to non-equilibrium conditions, i.e., clearance of the radiotracer in relevant tissues. Factors that affect radiotracer metabolism and clearance such as medication or subject groups could lead to artificial differences in SUVR. This work developed a correction that reduces the bias in SUVR (estimated from a short 15–30 min PET imaging session) by accounting for the effects of tracer clearance observed during the late SUVR time window. The proposed correction takes the form of a one-step non-linear algebraic transform of SUVR that is a function of radiotracer dependent parameters such as clearance rates from the reference and target tissues, and population averaged reference region clearance rate ([Formula: see text]). An important observation was the need for accurate estimation of radiotracer clearance rate in target tissue, which was addressed with a regression based model. Simulations and human data from two different radiotracers (healthy controls for [11C]LSN3172176, healthy controls and Parkinson’s disease subjects for [18F]FE-PE2I) were used to validate the correction and evaluate its benefits and limitations. SUVR correction in human data significantly reduced mean SUVR bias across brain regions and subjects (from ∼25% for SUVR to <10% for corrected SUVR). This correction also significantly reduced the variability of this bias across brain regions for both tracers (approximately 50% for [11C]LSN3172176, 20% for [18F]FE-PE2I). Future work should investigate the benefits of using corrected SUVR in other populations and with different tracers.
Geopoetics: A Visual Language of Peace in Wim Wenders’ Films
Authors: Oliveira Gilberto Carvalho
Published: August 2023

In line with the critical movement that in the last two decades has led to an ‘aesthetic turn’ in the International Relations (IR) field, this article introduces the notion of geopoetics as a useful conceptual category for the analysis of peace, security, and politics. Conceiving geopoetics as an operative concept that helps to understand the political and social experience of geographical space through the most varied forms of artistic expression, this article investigates the work of the German filmmaker Wim Wenders, seeking to show how his filmography, when examined as a whole, constitutes a kind of geopoetic discourse of peace that offers an aesthetic critique, immanent to the very formal possibilities of cinematic technique that challenges dominant geopolitical and geostrategic approaches that continue to naturalise war and violence as necessary instruments of international politics. Relying on the concept of geopoetics and on the political relevance of cinema within the aesthetic turn observed in the IR field, the article argues that geopoetics contributes to expand the epistemological and methodological boundaries of the IR field and to developing a broader conception of peace in the discipline.
Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Reduces but Does Not Avoid Histologic Progression of Osteoarthritis: Randomized In Vivo Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Dzidzishvili Lika , Calvo Emilio , López-Torres Irene Isabel
Published: August 2023

Background:

The optimal treatment option for meniscus root tears is still challenging, and whether the meniscus root repair ultimately can arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes is still a concern.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to describe and compare histopathologic findings of 3 different therapeutic options for medial meniscus posterior root tear: nonoperative management, partial meniscectomy, and meniscus root repair; and (2) to test the hypothesis that meniscus root tears treated nonoperatively predispose to a lower risk of osteoarthritic progression compared with partial meniscectomy.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Posteromedial meniscus root tears were carried out in 39 New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM; n = 13), root tears treated conservatively (CT; n = 13), and transtibial root repair (RR; n = 13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. The animals were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively; tissue samples of femoral and tibial articular cartilage were collected and processed for macro- and microscopic assessment to detect signs of early osteoarthritis (OA). Each sample was histopathologically assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading and staging system.

Results:

Osteoarthritic changes were the hallmark in all 3 experimental groups. The RR group had the lowest scores for cartilage damage (mean, 2.5; range, 2-3), and the PM group exhibited higher and more severe signs of OA (mean, 16; range, 9-16) compared with the CT group (mean, 5; range, 4-6). The between-group comparison revealed significant differences, as the PM group showed a significantly higher rate of macro- and microscopic osteoarthritic changes compared with the RR ( P < .001) and CT ( P < .001) groups. The weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle was the most severely affected, and tidemark disruption was evident in all tissue samples.

Conclusion:

Meniscus root repair cannot completely arrest the histopathologic progression of knee OA but leads to significantly less severe degenerative changes than partial meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment. Partial meniscectomy leads to the most severe osteoarthritic progression, while stable radial tears left in situ have lower progression compared with partial meniscectomy.

Clinical Relevance:

Histologic assessment is an essential tool and metric for guiding and understanding osteoarthritic features, providing insight into the disease development and progression. This study provides histopathologic evidence on osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root repair. This knowledge can help to set more realistic expectations and can lead to the future development of augmented techniques.
The Benefits of Daily Hemofiltration in the Management of Anuria in Patients with Severe Heart Failure (NYHA IV)
Authors: Iorio L. , Simonelli R. , Nacca R.G. , Saltarelli G. , Violi F.
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the daily use of hemofiltration in patients with anuria and heart failure IV NYHA, and not reacting to pharmacological therapy. Patients were submitted to daily hemofiltration therapy considering: the dry weight, BP, pO2, creatininemia, natriemia, kaliemia, and magnesiemia. Every month an echocardiogram and an ECG were done. Two patients passed from IV to III class NYHA, with a reduction in the telediastolic diameter and improvement in the ejection fraction and in the cardiothoracic index. In NYHA IV patients, it was possible to obtain a very good improvement in the clinical situation, echocardiographic parameters and survival with daily hemofiltration.
Attachment and Metabolic Activity of Hepatocytes Cultivated on Selected Polymeric Membranes
Authors: Jóźawiak A. , Karlik W. , Wiechetek M. , Weryńaski A.
Published: August 2023

Plasma or hormones added to hepatocyte incubation media mask the function of membranes as substrata per se for hepatocyte adhesion. This hypothesis was verified with hepatocyte cultures on various membranes in serum and hormone free medium. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded on flat sheet membranes made of Cellulose Acetate (CA), aminated Cellulose Acetate (aCA), polysulfone (PSf) and sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) and incubated in Hank's Balanced Salts Solutions (HBSS) as well as in William's E medium supplemented with newborn calf serum. It was found that PSf promoted hepatocyte adhesion most effectively. Good properties of PSf as a biomaterial for hepatocyte culture were confirmed in both media cultures. Urea synthesis and ammonia utilization measured in hepatocytes cultured on PSf were higher compared with other membrane cultures. PSf secured longer viability for a higher number of cells seeded on membrane compared with other investigated membranes, which is the reason for higher metabolic activity in PSf culture.
Fabrication and characterization of PEKK nanocomposites: An in vitro study
Authors: Al-Samaray Manar E , Fatalla Abdalbseet A
Published: August 2023

Although the number of implants has increased gradually and consistently over the years to around one million per year globally, there is still far more potential for advancement in the field of dental implantology which is typically growing quickly. This study investigates the effect of nanofiller reinforcement high-performance polymer matrix to enhance mechanical and physical characteristics. Calcium silicate (CS)/Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) biomedical composite (G0 as a control group) is reinforced with different weight percentages (G1-G4) of tellurium dioxide nanoparticles (TeO2 NPs) ( n = 5). This research uses ethanol as a binder for mixing various weight percentages (wt%) of TeO2 NPs with CS/PEKK biomedical composite. The combination is then dried at 120°C in a forced convection oven before being put into special molds and compressed for 20 min Holding period at 310°C and 15 MPa. The composites were prepared via the compression molding technique. Morphological, mechanical, and physical characteristics were studied. The findings of this study suggested improvement in the interfacial interaction between TeO2 NPs (G1 and G2) and CS/PEKK bioactive composite resulting in better mechanical and physical properties, especially at 1 w% of TeO2 NPs (G2).
You Can Add Up the Parts, You Won’t Have the Sum
Authors: Seymour Richard
Published: August 2023

Matt Huber’s Climate Change as Class War offers a compelling ecosocialist strategy for achieving energy transition and social transformation by way of class struggle. Its critique of the strategic emphasis on knowledge and individualised guilt is persuasive. Its proposed focus on organising among energy workers is suggestive. However, on two related points, it misses the mark. First, its attack on degrowth as a form of ideology is tendentious. Second, its effort to ground struggle in ‘objective class interests’ fails to cohere. By addressing these two points, the proposed strategy will become more viable, and the relationship to degrowth activists more productive.
Perceptions of Increases in Cost of Living and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults
Authors: Bierman Alex , Upenieks Laura , Lee Yeonjung
Published: August 2023

Objectives: This article examines whether older adults’ perceptions of an increase in their cost of living during a time of rapid inflation are associated with multiple aspects of psychological distress, as well as whether mastery buffers these associations. Methods: Data were derived from a two-wave longitudinal survey of older adults gathered in 2021 and 2022 ( N = 4,010). Multiple regression models examined symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger. Results: Perceptions of moderate or large increases in cost of living were associated with higher levels of distress at follow-up. Taking baseline financial strain, mastery, and psychological distress into account weakened these associations, but perceptions of a large increase in cost of living were still substantially linked with anger and anxiety. Mastery also buffered associations with anxiety and anger. Discussion: Macroeconomically derived adversities can shape anxiety and anger in later-life, but these mental health consequences fall more heavily on individuals possessing lower levels of mastery.
Approaches to risk ratio estimation in a regression discontinuity design: Application to the prescription of statins for cholesterol reduction in UK primary care
Authors: Adeleke Mariam O , O’Keeffe Aidan G , Baio Gianluca
Published: August 2023

In recent years regression discontinuity designs have been used increasingly for the estimation of treatment effects in observational medical data where a rule-based decision to apply treatment is taken using a continuous assignment variable. Most regression discontinuity design applications have focused on effect estimation where the outcome of interest is continuous, with scenarios with binary outcomes receiving less attention, despite their ubiquity in medical studies. In this work, we develop an approach to estimation of the risk ratio in a fuzzy regression discontinuity design (where treatment is not always strictly applied according to the decision rule), derived using common regression discontinuity design assumptions. This method compares favourably to other risk ratio estimation approaches: the established Wald estimator and a risk ratio estimate from a multiplicative structural mean model, with promising results from extensive simulation studies. A demonstration and further comparison are made using a real example to evaluate the effect of statins (where a statin prescription is made based on a patient’s 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in UK Primary Care.
Good governance and the development of an ethical framework for the UK National Screening Committee
Authors: Brownsword Roger , Joynson Catherine
Published: August 2023

Following COVID-19, good governance of public health is self-evidently a priority. Those who have governance responsibilities should act with integrity, and public health interventions should be both effective and ethically sound. In this context, this article focuses on the work recently undertaken by the UK National Screening Committee (NSC) in reviewing how it engages with and resolves the ethical questions raised by health screening. The article sketches the context for this review and the challenges faced; it describes the review process and the principal review outputs (including the ethical framework); and it reflects on a number of issues that are provoked by the ethical framework. Given the post-pandemic re-organisation of public health, the importance of embedding ethics in screening practice is underlined. If the United Kingdom is to be a standard-bearer for world-leading screening, it is essential that the NSC sustains its commitment to the ideals of good governance.
The Effect of Supply Chain Factors on Market Participation Among Smallholder Cereal Crop Producers in Tanzania
Authors: Siwandeti Meshack , Israel Baraka , Mahuwi Leticia
Published: August 2023

Studies that address the effect of supply chain (SC) factors on market participation are relatively inadequate. To bridge this gap, we employ marginal effects analysis based on the binary logit model to examine the effect of SC factors on market participation among smallholder cereal crop producers in Tanzania. Data were sourced from 359 smallholder cereal crop producers using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The findings of the study indicate that SC infrastructure negatively and significantly affects smallholders’ market participation decisions ( β = −0.0918, p < .0013). Furthermore, the results of marginal effects suggest that market participation by smallholder cereal crop producers is positively and significantly affected by the extent of competition between agricultural SCs ( β = 0.1729, p < .0001), SC distribution strategies ( β = 0.2911, p < .0015) and collaborative SC ( β = 0.1856, p < .0002). These findings provide sufficient evidence to conclude that SC factors are significant predictors of market participation among the surveyed smallholder cereal crop producers. Consequently, streamlined measures should be undertaken to help smallholders increase their odds of market participation. These measures may include upgrading road infrastructure to tarmac or bitumen standards, especially in rural areas where farming takes place, infusing farmers’ associations and agricultural extension services, promoting collective marketing and strengthening long-term relationships between farmers and traders. Finally, the study offers valuable information to policymakers and agricultural stakeholders regarding addressing smallholders’ market participation challenges from a SC perspective.
Stretch or Suppress: Role of Owners and Nominee Directors in Financial Distress
Authors: Chada Swechha , Banerjee Sumit
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the effect of various firm-level corporate governance mechanisms on the likelihood of financial distress in India. We analyze the competing hypotheses of interest alignment and agency theory, examining how controlling shareholders affect the probability of financial distress. Additionally, we assess the potential impact of institutional investor shareholding and bank-appointed directors on the likelihood of financial distress. Our findings suggest that increasing controlling shareholder ownership decreases the probability of distress. However, the effects of institutional investors and bank-appointed directors vary and also depend on the quantum of shareholding of institutional investors and affiliation with business groups. Our results offer insights into improving governance in economies with higher ownership concentration, weaker institutional frameworks, and greater bank participation in credit facilitation.

JEL Codes: G32, G33, G34
Patterns and Correlates of Developmental Profiles Using the Battelle Developmental Inventory Among Children in Early Intervention
Authors: Troxel Mary , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Eisenhower Abbey , Carter Alice S.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to replicate and extend findings from the only known study that has conducted latent profile analysis of developmental profiles, measured by the Battelle Developmental Inventory, for children in Early Intervention (EI). Children ( N = 57,966) who were enrolled in Massachusetts EI sites between 2011 and 2019 and completed a Battelle assessment at EI entry were included. Replicating previous findings, child Battelle profiles were best classified with four latent classes which were largely consistent with previously observed patterns (i.e., domain means within/between classes). Classes were labeled: “Marked communication delay, relative motor strength,” “Communication delay, and average motor functioning,” “Cognitive and motor delays, relative adaptive strength,” and “Consistent mild delays.” We described associations between class and sociodemographic factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. We found large effects of age and ASD. Two profiles that demonstrated communication delays were associated with older age. The “Marked communication delay” profile was associated with an elevated likelihood of ASD. Results suggest that Battelle developmental profiles may be an additional indicator to improve the identification of ASD in community settings and that profile membership could guide tailored interventions for specific developmental needs. Continued research will help determine whether class membership is stable and associated with differential response to EI.
Evaluation of a Nature Prescription Program in Schools to Increase Nature-Based Physical Activity and Time Spent Outdoors: Implementation of the Kids in Parks TRACK Rx Program by the School Nurse
Authors: Christiana Richard W. , Urroz Jason , Venrick Heather W.
Published: August 2023

This study assessed the effectiveness of the TRACK Rx program. Track Rx is a program for healthcare professionals to counsel and prescribe outdoor physical activity (PA) to children. The program was implemented by a school nurse to increase children's time spent outdoors, increase a child's nature-based PA, and increase parents’ intention for their child to spend time outdoors. Parents/guardians of children in 1st–3rd grade (intervention = 51; control = 27) completed a baseline and 3-month follow-up survey. Children's nature-based PA significantly increased on the weekend in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was no significant change in the other study variables. Parental trust in the school nurse was similar to parent trust in their child's primary health care provider. School nurses can implement TRACK Rx and other nature and nature-based PA prescription programs throughout the school (classroom, physical education, recess, and after-school programming).
Who Substitutes Service for Politics? Assessing the Roles of Youth and Partisan Alienation in Americans’ Forms of Civic Engagement
Authors: Antkowiak Laura S.
Published: August 2023

Political scientists have long expressed concern about citizens who focus their civic activity on community service, seemingly treating it as a substitute for political involvement. Proposed explanations for this phenomenon portray it as popular among young adults. They also speculate that a politics dominated by two ideologically polarized, uncivil, and chronically gridlocked parties may cause citizens who do not feel they have or want a place on those partisan teams to avoid the arenas in which they fight. Few large and representative studies, however, examine how citizens allocate their civic activity between service and political action. Using the 2016 American National Election Study, I find that signs of alienation from the country’s major political parties increase the likelihood that citizens limit their activity to service, making a substitution scenario plausible. More commonly, however, rising partisan alienation predicts a shift in political involvement from electoral to non-electoral forms. Younger citizens are surprisingly less likely than their elders to specialize in service.
The First Population-Level Description of Women Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer in Costa Rica From 2008 to 2012: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aparicio Amada , Guzman Percy , Morera Melvin , Calvo Yoleni , Obando Marjorie , Landaverde Denis , González Ileana , Ramirez-Pena Esmeralda
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. In Costa Rica, it ranks first in incidence and fourth in terms of mortality. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information on treatment patterns and outcomes for breast cancer patients in Costa Rica.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Tumor Registry, which was merged with the Costa Rica Social Security Fund (CCSS) to ensure comprehensive access to clinical information. The study is prospective and focused on patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2008 and December 2012. This combined dataset allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes related to breast cancer in Costa Rica.

Results

Among the 4775 patients diagnosed during this period, 3160 met the inclusion criteria for our study. The average age at diagnosis was 59.1 years, with 32.5% of patients being over the age of 65. Most of the patients (55.4%) identified themselves as homemakers, while 46.5% underwent core needle biopsy for diagnosis. Approximately 60% of women were diagnosed with early-stage disease (IA, IIA, and IIB), while 1.7% had metastatic disease, mainly affecting the bone. The mean interval between diagnosis and surgery was 72 days. Most patients (88.7%) received surgery as their initial treatment, and over half (54.4%) received some form of adjuvant therapy. Additionally, 85.6% of patients completed their prescribed treatment.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the characteristics and treatment patterns among breast cancer patients in Costa Rica. The findings contribute to our understanding of the disease in this population and can serve as a foundation for further research and improvement in breast cancer management and care.
Mechanical properties of periodic rectangular tube sandwich structure subjected to out-of-plane impact compression loading
Authors: Zhu Ziqiang , Yuan Ye , Yang Peiyan , Qu Jia
Published: August 2023

Owing to its unique deformation form, negative Poisson’s ratio sandwich structure has attracted significantly widespread interest, especially in the impact protection field. However, inferior mechanical properties severely limit their practical applications. To enhance its mechanical properties, a new type of periodic sandwich structure of rectangular tube was designed and fabricated, and the structure presents negative Poisson’s ratio characteristic under out-of-plane impact compression load. To evaluate its mechanical properties, the deformation form and equivalent yield strength of the periodic rectangular tube sandwich structure were obtained through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiment. A numerical model of the different wall thicknesses of periodic rectangular tube sandwich structure (PRTSS) was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by comparing it with the deformation form and equivalent yield strength obtained from experimental results. The results show that with the increase of rectangular tube wall thickness in PRTSS, the equivalent yield strength increases, and the equivalent yield platform strain decreases. Moreover, through the simulation results under four different strain rates, it is obtained that the equivalent yield stress of PRTSS increases with the increase of strain rate, and the straining length of the equivalent yield platform decreases with the increase of strain rate. The effect of wall thickness and strain rate on PRTSS was analyzed, which provided certain guiding significance for the application of the structure in the field of impact protection.
Riverside: A design study on visualization for situation awareness in cybersecurity
Authors: DeValk Kaitlyn , Elmqvist Niklas
Published: August 2023

Real-time situation awareness is a key challenge of cybersecurity defense. Visual analytics has been utilized for this purpose, but existing tools tend to require detailed knowledge about the network, which can be challenging in large-scale, production networks. We conducted an interview study involving 24 security professionals to gather requirements for the design, development, and evaluation of visualization to aid situation awareness in cybersecurity. Using these findings, we designed a visualization tool – called RIVERSIDE – for providing a real-time view of the dynamically changing computer network to support situation awareness. We evaluated Riverside in a user study involving 10 participants. Participants were placed in an incident response scenario that tasked them to identify malicious activity on a network. 20% of the users identified all attack component, while an additional 40% only missed one component.
Indoctrination in Introduction to Psychology
Authors: Bartels Jared M.
Published: August 2023

There have been dozens of papers published on the misrepresentation of psychological studies and theories (e.g., omitting criticisms) presented in introductory textbooks. Authors of these papers have offered numerous explanations for the errors including limited space for covering criticisms and the desire among textbook authors to “sell” psychological science to an introductory audience. In the present article, several studies and theories, most of which have been identified in previous research as misrepresented in introductory psychology textbooks, are reviewed. The possibility of ideological bias contributing to the misrepresentation is considered. The bias in introductory psychology is considered in the context of wider concerns about the consequences of political homogeneity in the field. Suggestions for reducing bias in introductory psychology textbooks and courses are offered.
Arthritis Foundation/HSS Workshop on Hip Osteoarthritis, Part 4: Nonoperative Options, Machine Learning in Predicting Total Hip Arthroplasty, Robotics, and Phenotyping to Guide Precision Rehabilitation
Authors: McLeod Michelle M. , Kim Jason S. , Moley Peter , Fontana Mark A. , Blevins Jason , Chalmers Brian , Bamman Marcus , Bostrom Mathias P.
Published: August 2023

Far more publications are available for osteoarthritis of the knee than of the hip. Recognizing this research gap, the Arthritis Foundation (AF), in partnership with the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), convened an in-person meeting of thought leaders to review the state of the science of and clinical approaches to hip osteoarthritis. This article summarizes the recommendations gleaned from presentations given in the “late-stage osteoarthritis” session of the 2023 Hip Osteoarthritis Clinical Studies Conference, which took place on February 17 and 18, 2023, in New York City. It covers conservative treatment, decision-making in end-stage hip osteoarthritis, advancements in robotics, and the role of phenotyping in precision rehabilitation post–total hip arthroplasty (THA).
The Benefits and Complexities of Integrating Mixed Method Findings Using the Pillar Integration Process: A Workplace Health Intervention Case Study
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Mansfield Louise
Published: August 2023

The Pillar Integration Process was developed to facilitate integration of mixed method data, but there is limited historical application of this approach in complex intervention evaluation. To test the applicability of the technique, this paper presents two case studies examining the efficacy of a workplace intervention. The research included a pilot RCT and process evaluation. The case studies illustrate the benefits of applying the Pillar Integration Process to elicit a comprehensive understanding of intervention efficacy and to design better interventions. This paper contributes to the mixed methods research by advancing the technique through considering inherent philosophical assumptions, and evidencing the value of integrating methods within, as well as across, “qualitative” and “quantitative” categories.
Health economic impact of Nerinetide in addition to mechanical thrombectomy without concurrent alteplase
Authors: Ospel Johanna M , Adams Corey , Tymianski Michael , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

The ESCAPE-NA1 trial has shown that intravenous Nerinetide improves clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular treatment without concurrent intravenous alteplase. We assessed the health economic impact of intravenous Nerinetide as an adjunctive treatment in endovascular treatment patients who do not receive concurrent intravenous alteplase.

Methods

Data are from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial, in which acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion endovascular treatment patients were randomized to receive intravenous Nerinetide or placebo. Only those patients not treated with concurrent intravenous alteplase were included in this analysis. We used a Markov state transition model (12 months cycle length) to estimate expected lifetime costs and outcomes, assuming Nerinetide cost being zero for the purpose of this analysis. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and derived mean net monetary benefits with 95% prediction intervals from a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Upper, middle, and lower willingness-to-pay thresholds were set at $50,000,$100,000, and $150,000.

Results

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for Nerinetide in addition to endovascular treatment was $13,721/quality-adjusted life year (healthcare perspective) and $14,453/quality-adjusted life year (societal perspective). At the upper willingness-to-pay threshold, Nerinetide in addition to endovascular treatment resulted in a higher mean net monetary benefit compared to endovascular treatment alone, both from a healthcare perspective (449,526 [95% prediction interval: 448,627–450,425] vs. 382,584 [381,781–383,386]) and a societal perspective (350,750 [349,842–351,658] vs. 282,896 [282,068–283,725]). Mean net monetary benefits were also higher for Nerinetide in addition to endovascular treatment at the middle and lower willingness-to-pay thresholds.

Conclusion

Treating patients with a cerebroprotectant, such as Nerinetide, in addition to endovascular treatmentl in patients who cannot receive intravenous alteplase may be beneficial from a health-economic standpoint.
Evaluation of a novel polymer coil for endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms in a rabbit model
Authors: Bisharat David-R , Johnson Jed , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Tomori Toshiki , Lago James , Virmani Renu , Reith Wolfgang , Simgen Andreas
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose

The results of the preclinical study of a novel polymer coil in treatment of elastase induced aneurysms will be presented in this paper.

Material and Methods

We induced 16 aneurysms in 16 New Zealand white rabbits at the origin of the right common carotid artery at the brachiocephalic trunk. Newly developed polymer coils in both groups for six aneurysms each and platinum coils for two aneurysms each were used. Control angiographies followed in both groups immediately after coiling as well as in the first eight animals 30 days after intervention (30 days group) and in the other eight animals 90 days after (90 days group). An explanation and histological evaluation of the treated aneurysms followed.

Results

The 12 animals in which the aneurysms were treated with polymer coils showed a complete occlusion (grade IV) in only 6 out of 12 aneurysms (50%), an almost complete occlusion (grade III) in 5 out of 12 (42%) and an incomplete occlusion in the treatment of one aneurysm (8%). Histologically, we observed a significantly more pronounced inflammatory response and neoangiogenesis in aneurysms treated with polymer coils only in the 30 days group.

Conclusion

Most difficulties and concerns with the polymer coils were related to the flexibility and detachment behaviour. Therefore, and due to the technical challenges of delivery, the novel polymer coil cannot be considered an alternative to the current platinum coils.
Barriers to Implementing Student-Led IEPs
Authors: Scheef Andrew R. , Yeager Kristopher H. , Deardorff Malarie E.
Published: August 2023

Traditional teacher-led Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) typically provide limited opportunities for students receiving special education services to meaningfully participate in the process. Even with a significant body of literature supporting the benefits of student-led IEPs, many school-based personnel maintain the traditional teacher-led model. As such, this study explored barriers to student-led IEPs, including an analysis of the differences in perceptions between school personnel who currently report facilitating student-led IEPs and those who report not facilitating student-led IEPs. In total, 275 participants completed quantitative survey items, with 155 of these same participants providing responses to a qualitative open-ended question. Results suggest common barriers to student-led IEPs include factors related to (a) students, (b) systemic issues, and (c) other IEP team members. In addition, those who do not have students who lead IEPs were more likely to identify the following specific factors as barriers: student ability, teacher self-efficacy, personal interest, and the age of the student. Discussions about implications for practice and future research are included.
Predicting Time to Evaluation After Pediatric Concussion: Factors Affecting Specialty Concussion Care
Authors: Wingerson Mathew J. , Magliato Samantha N. , Smulligan Katherine L. , Wilson Julie C. , Little Casey C. , Howell David R.
Published: August 2023

Background:

The timing of clinical evaluation after pediatric concussion represents an important and potentially modifiable clinical milestone for diagnosis, selection of appropriate treatment pathways, and recovery prognosis. Patient demographics, socioeconomic status, or medical history may affect the time to the initial evaluation and subsequently influence recovery outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association of patient characteristics with the time to specialty evaluation after a concussion. It was hypothesized that patients with a history of concussion, a preexisting relationship with our specialty concussion program, or a higher ZIP code–based income estimate would present for care more quickly after a concussion than patients without these characteristics.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were patients with a concussion between 6 and 18 years old who were seen for care at a single sports medicine center between January 1 and December 31, 2019. Patient demographic, socioeconomic, injury, and clinical characteristics were collected through a retrospective review of the medical records. The primary outcome was the number of days between the date of the concussion and the patient’s initial specialty evaluation.

Results:

Overall, 220 patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 2.5 years; 46% female) were seen for care at a mean of 9.7 ± 5.6 days (range, 1-21 days) after concussion. A shorter time to specialty evaluation was associated with a history of concussion (β = –1.72 [95% CI, –3.24 to –0.20]; P = .03) and a prior clinical relationship with the treating clinical department (β = –1.85 [95% CI, –3.52 to –0.19]; P = .03). Referral by a primary care provider was associated with a longer time to evaluation (β = 3.86 [95% CI, 2.39-5.33]; P < .0001).

Conclusion:

A history of concussion and having a preexisting clinical relationship with the deparment were associated with a shorter time to evaluation after concussion. Referral from a primary care physician was associated with a longer time to evaluation. Issues may exist in the propensity to access care after an injury, resulting in delays for initiating early treatment.
Concomitant Injuries Associated With ACL Rupture in Elite Professional Alpine Ski Racers and Soccer Players: A Comparative Study With Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Farinelli Luca , Csapo Robert , Meena Amit , Abermann Elisabeth , Hoser Christian , Fink Christian
Published: August 2023

Background:

For elite professional soccer players and alpine skiers, injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, such as meniscal, cartilage, or collateral ligament lesions, could result in a delayed return to sport compared with isolated ACL injury.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of the study was to provide a detailed description of associated injuries at the time of primary ACL reconstruction in elite soccer players and alpine skiers. It was hypothesized that soccer players and skiers would present different typical injury patterns due to different injury mechanisms.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Surgical reports and arthroscopic images of elite professional soccer players and alpine skiers who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at a single institution between January 2010 and June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The presence and location of multiligamentous injury, meniscal tears, and chondral lesions were compared between the athlete groups. A propensity score matching analysis with 1:1 ratio was performed between skiers and soccer players to limit the effect of selection bias.

Results:

Included were ACL reconstruction data representative of 37 soccer players and 44 alpine skiers. Meniscal pathology was found in 32 (86%) soccer players and 30 (68%) skiers. Chondral injuries were reported in 11 (30%) soccer players and 15 (34%) skiers. Results of the propensity score matching analysis in 15 pairs of soccer players and skiers indicated that soccer players had a significantly higher rate of medial meniscal injuries (73% vs 27%; P = .03) and lateral posterior root tears (33% vs 0%; P = .04) compared with skiers.

Conclusion:

A higher prevalence of combined chondral and meniscal injuries versus isolated ACL injuries was observed in both groups of athletes. Professional soccer players were characterized by higher prevalence of medial meniscal tears and lateral posterior root lesions compared with professional alpine skiers.
The Role of Immigrant Generation and Mentors in Educational Attainment
Authors: Caduff Anita , Dehingia Nabamallika , Raj Anita
Published: August 2023

Social capital, including engagement with mentors, facilitates educational attainment. However, engagement with mentors differs significantly across groups of adolescents with different backgrounds, including an immigrant background. We investigate how immigrant generation predicts adolescents’ engagement with mentors and different types of mentors (i.e., school-based and non-school-based), the association of mentors with educational attainment, and these estimates’ heterogeneity based on the immigrant generation. We analyzed nationally representative Add Health data from N = 11,242 adolescents by using school fixed-effect linear probability models. Results show that adolescents from immigrant generations 1 and 2 were less likely than those from generation 3+ to have a mentor, but there were no significant differences in engaging with school-based mentors. Mentors predicted educational attainment; school-based mentor effects were larger than non-school-based mentor effects. The associations between mentors and college attendance and graduation were largest for first-generation immigrants. Our findings indicate the importance of structures supporting relationship-building and mentorship in schools and wider communities.
Out of Coverage Area: Tribes and Digital Exclusion in North-east India
Authors: Ziipao Raile Rocky
Published: August 2023

Digital space is fast transforming the way we communicate, building social relations, a sense of entertainment, business, political campaign and an arena of exclusion for certain social groups. The COVID-19 pandemic exposes the deep digital divide and social inequality among different social groups in India. Digital exclusion is the new horizon of social exclusion. This paper charts out where tribes in North-east India stand in terms of digital infrastructure/space. The paper argues that digitalising welfare schemes/programmes and e-governance without adequate digital/IT infrastructure further marginalised and excluded tribes from development processes leading to disempowerment.
Book review: N. Sukumar. Caste Discrimination and Exclusion in Indian Universities: A Critical Reflection
Authors: Jyoti
Published: August 2023

N. Sukumar. Caste Discrimination and Exclusion in Indian Universities: A Critical Reflection. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis, 2022, 185 pp., ₹13,569. ISBN: 978-1-003-09529-3 (Hardcover).
Book review: Debi Chatterjee and Sipra Mukherjee (Eds and Trans.), Under My Dark Skin Flows a Red River: Translation of Dalit Writings from Bengal
Authors: Sukumar N. , Menon Shailaja
Published: August 2023

Debi Chatterjee and Sipra Mukherjee (Eds and Trans.), Under My Dark Skin Flows a Red River: Translation of Dalit Writings from Bengal. Samya Publications, 2021, 419 pp., ₹696.