bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Network Lifetime Enhancement of Resource Constrained IoT Devices in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: din Muhammad Salah ud , Rehman Muhammad Atif Ur , Ullah Rehmat , Park Chan-Won , Kim Byung Seo
Published: July 2020

The participating nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually resource-constrained in terms of energy consumption, storage capacity, computational capability, and communication range. Energy is one of the major constraints which requires an efficient mechanism that takes into account the energy consumption of nodes to prolong the network lifetime. Particularly in the large scale heterogeneous WSNs, this challenge becomes more critical due to high data collection rate and increased number of transmissions. To this end, clustering is one of the most popular mechanisms which is being used to minimize the energy consumption of nodes and prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, therefore, we propose a robust clustering mechanism for energy optimization in heterogeneous WSNs. In the proposed scheme, nodes declare themselves as cluster head (CH) based on available resources such as residual energy, available storage and computational capability. The proposed scheme employs the multi criteria decision making technique named as Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which allows the child nodes to select the optimal CH among several potential CH candidates. Moreover, we also propose mechanisms such as CH-acquaintanceship and CH-friendship in order to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme minimizes the control overhead, reduces the power consumption and enhances overall lifetime of the network by comparing with the most recent and relevant proposed protocol for WSNs.
Identifying Vulnerable Households Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gao Chen , Fei Chengcheng J. , McCarl Bruce A. , Leatham David J.
Published: July 2020

Many Afghanistan households face food insecurity (FI), and this threatens sustainable development. Policymakers and international donors are trying to alleviate FI using food aid, development assistance, and outreach. This study identified household characteristics that discriminate between food-insecure and food-secure households, facilitating accurate assistance targeting in Afghanistan. We used machine learning classification models (classification decision tree and random forest model) and applied to a household survey. This was done using equal priors and 1.5:1 misclassification penalties. The resulting model is able to correctly identify 80% of food-insecure households. Characteristics in six major categories are found important. Unsurprisingly traditional key variables, such as (1) income and expenditure items, (2) household size, (3) farm-related measures; (4) access to particular resources, and (5) short term shocks are important determinants of food security level. We also found the relevance of long-term household characteristics, such as dwelling wall composition, which are not generally addressed in the existing literature. We argue that these are reflective of accumulated household wealth and this supports the idea that some factors determining food security are persistent. We also found that commonly used demographic variables were not important.
Expression of Concern: Artigas-Jerónimo et al. A Novel Combined Scientific and Artistic Approach for the Advanced Characterization of Interactomes: The Akirin/Subolesin Model. Vaccines 2020, 8, 77
Authors:   Vaccines Editorial Office
Published: July 2020

The Editorial Office of Vaccines has decided to issue the following Expression of Concern about the published paper: A Novel Combined Scientific and Artistic Approach for the Advanced Characterization of Interactomes: The Akirin/Subolesin Model [...]
Kinematics of Particles at Entrainment and Disentrainment
Authors: Aleixo Rui , Antico Federica , Ricardo Ana M. , Ferreira Rui M.L.
Published: July 2020

We address the issue of characterizing experimentally entrainment and disentrainment of sediment particles of cohesionless granular beds in turbulent open channel flows. Employing Particle Image Velocimetry, we identify episodes of entrainment and of disentrainment of bed particles by analysing the raw PIV images. We define a reference velocity for entrainment or disentrainment by space-averaging the flow field in the vicinity of the (entrained or disentrainned) particle and by time-averaging that space-average over a short duration encompassing the observed episode. All observations and measurements took place under generalized movement conditions and in non-controlled geometrical set-ups, resulting in unique databases of conditionally sampled turbulent flow kinematics associated with episodes of particle entrainment and of particle disentrainment. Exploring this database, the objective of this paper is to prove further insights on the dynamics of fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions at entrainment and disentrainment and to polemicize the use of a reference velocity to serve as a proxy for hydrodynamics actions responsible for entrainment or disentrainment. In particular, we quantify the reference velocity associated with entrainment and disentrainment episodes and discuss its potential to describe the observed motion vis-a-vis local bed micro-topography and the type of entrainment or disentrainment event. Entrainment may occur at a wide range of reference velocities, including smaller than mean (double-averaged) velocities. Anecdotal evidence was collected for some typologies of entrainment: (i) momentum transfer from flow to a single particle, (ii) momentum transfer from a perturbed local flow to a single particle, (iii) collective entrainment associated to momentum transfer between a moving and a resting particle and (iv) collective entrainment considered to be a dislodgment of several particles involving momentum transfer from other particles. In some of these cases, e.g., (ii) and (iii), the use of a reference velocity seems inadequate to characterize the entrainment episode. A word of caution about the use of entrainment models based on reference velocities is henceforth issued and contextualized. In the case of disentrainment, a reference velocity seems to constitute a better descriptor of the observed behaviour. The scatter in the observed values seems to express the contribution of bed micro-topography. All particles were found to experience frictional contacts with the resting bed surface particles, but some particles were stopped more abruptly due to the presence of an obstacle along their path. Most disentrainment of particles took place when the near-bed flow was featuring ejection events.
Water Quality Index of Suceava River in Suceava City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Briciu Andrei-Emil , Graur Adrian , Oprea Dinu Iulian
Published: July 2020

The water quality of rivers worldwide is of persistent interest due to its impact on human life. Five streamwater quality parameters of Suceava River were monitored in 2019 upstream and downstream of Suceava city, Romania: dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. Data was recorded at a high temporal frequency, every hour, and produced Water Quality Index (WQI) time series of similar resolution. Our additive WQI has variants with particular advantages. Water quality of Suceava city exhibits a diurnal cycle. Upstream, WQI values indicate a quasi-permanent good water quality; downstream, the water quality oscillates around the average WQI value because of the various sources of water contaminants, especially the wastewaters from the wastewater treatment plant. Parameters from this point source of pollution are taken into account to explain the decaying streamwater quality towards the end of 2019. WQI is useful for detecting time intervals when water self-purification events have a high chance of occurrence.
Development of an Environmental Decision Support System for Enhanced Coagulation in Drinking Water Production
Authors: Suquet Jordi , Godo-Pla Lluís , Valentí Meritxell , Verdaguer Marta , Martin Maria J. , Poch Manel , Monclús Hèctor
Published: July 2020

Drinking water production is subject to multiple water quality requirements such as minimizing disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation, which are highly related to natural organic matter (NOM) content. For water treatment, coagulation is a key process for removing water pollutants and, as such, is widely implemented in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) facilities worldwide. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) tools can be used to aid decision making. This study presents an environmental decision support system (EDSS) for coagulation in a Mediterranean DWTP. The EDSS is structured hierarchically into the following three levels: data acquisition, control, and supervision. The EDSS relies on influent water characterization, suggesting an optimal pH and coagulant dose. The model designed for the control level is based on response surface methodology (RSM), targeted to optimize removal for the response variables (turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and UV254). Results from the RSM model provided removal percentages for turbidity (64.6%), TOC (21.9%), and UV254 (30%), which represented an increase of 4%, 33%, and 28% as compared with the DWTP water sample. Regarding the entire EDSS, 62%, 21%, and 25% of turbidity, TOC, and UV254 removal were fixed as the optimization criteria. Supervision rules (SRs) were included at the top of the architecture to intensify process performance under specific circumstances.
Precipitant Effects on Aggregates Structure of Asphaltene and Their Implications for Groundwater Remediation
Authors: Hammond Christian B. , Wang Dengjun , Wu Lei
Published: July 2020

Asphaltenes generally aggregate, then precipitate and deposit on the surfaces of environmental media (soil, sediment, aquifer, and aquitard). Previous studies have recognized the importance of asphaltene aggregates on the wettability of aquifer systems, which has long been regarded as a limiting factor that determines the feasibility and remediation efficiency of sites contaminated by heavy oils. However, the mechanisms/factors associated with precipitant effects on asphaltene aggregates structure, and how the precipitant effects influence the wettability of surfaces remain largely unknown. Here, we observe the particle-by-particle growth of asphaltene aggregates formed at different precipitant concentrations. Our results show that aggregates for all precipitant concentrations are highly polydisperse with self-similar structures. A higher precipitant concentration leads to a more compacted aggregates structure, while precipitant concentration near to onset point results in a less compact structure. The well-known Smoluchowski model is inadequate to describe the structural evolutions of asphaltene aggregates, even for aggregation scenarios induced by a precipitant concentration at the onset point where the Smoluchowski model is expected to explain the aggregate size distribution. It is suggested that aggregates with relative high fractal dimensions observed at high precipitant concentrations can be used to explain the relatively low Stokes settling velocities observed for large asphaltene aggregates. In addition, asphaltene aggregates with high fractal dimensions are likely to have high density of nanoscale roughness which could enhance the hydrophobicity of interfaces when they deposit on the sand surface. Findings obtained from this study advance our current understandings on the fate and transport of heavy oil contaminants in the subsurface environment, which will have important implications for designing and implementing more effective and efficient remediation technologies for contaminated sites.
Features and Control of Submerged Horizontal Vortex in Stepped Dissipation Wells
Authors: Zhang Boran , Shi Mengshan , Yao Lvtan , Wan Wuyi
Published: July 2020

Unlike a horizontal intake vortex, a submerged horizontal vortex is not bounded by a free surface. It has an axial air core submerged in a vessel such as a dissipation well. Due to the motion of its bound point (where the vortex ends), the front wall of the dissipation well could be damaged by cavitation. The goals of this study are to (1) summarize general features underlying the formation and collapsing of horizontal vortices in dissipation wells; (2) identify the features of submerged horizontal vortices; and (3) propose potential measures to mitigate cavitation damage. Through scaling down experiments performed in a transparent dissipation well with two optical sensors, various boundary conditions have been carried out to accomplish this investigation. It was found that a wider inlet flow falling with mixed air can facilitate the generation of submerged horizontal vortices. The optimal mappings between the inlet discharge and the water head differential for maintaining the vortices have been summarized. Depending on different applications, two configurations are proposed to mitigate the adverse effects of submerged horizontal vortices.
Metal Mobilization As An Effect of Anthropogenic Contamination in Groundwater Aquifers in Tutuila, American Samoa
Authors: Okuhata Brytne K. , Dulai Henrietta , Shuler Christopher K. , Fackrell Joseph K. , El-Kadi Aly I.
Published: July 2020

Groundwater is the primary drinking water source on most oceanic islands, including Tutuila, American Samoa. Drinking water quality on Tutuila is impacted by anthropogenic pollution sources such as on-site sewage disposal systems, piggeries, and agricultural leachate, particularly across the densely populated Tafuna–Leone Plain. The remineralization of anthropogenically sourced organic matter produces nitrate and dissolved inorganic carbon, which, according to previously published studies, have the potential to mobilize naturally occurring metals. This study provides further evidence that nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon, along with naturally sourced metal concentrations, become elevated along pollution gradients and show correlation with each other. Across the Tafuna–Leone Plain, nitrate concentrations have a moderately positive correlation with uranium and vanadium. Dissolved inorganic carbon also positively correlate with nitrate, uranium, and vanadium. Similar studies elsewhere suggest that, in addition to nitrate, organic matter remineralization associated with carbonate create conditions to favor natural metal mobilization. Correlation analysis results imply that, while the surveyed trace metals are likely naturally sourced, some become soluble and more mobile in the presence of anthropogenically sourced nitrate and dissolved inorganic carbon, which alters redox conditions in the aquifer.
Urban Flood Modeling Using 2D Shallow-Water Equations in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Coulibaly Gnenakantanhan , Leye Babacar , Tazen Fowe , Mounirou Lawani Adjadi , Karambiri Harouna
Published: July 2020

Appropriate methods and tools accessibility for bi-dimensional flow simulation leads to their weak use for floods assessment and forecasting in West African countries, particularly in urban areas where huge losses of life and property are recorded. To mitigate flood risks or to elaborate flood adaptation strategies, there is a need for scientific information on flood events. This paper focuses on a numerical tool developed for urban inundation extent simulation due to extreme tropical rainfall in Ouagadougou city. Two-dimensional (2D) shallow-water equations are solved using a finite volume method with a Harten, Lax, Van Leer (HLL) numerical fluxes approach. The Digital Elevation Model provided by NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was used as the main input of the model. The results have shown the capability of the numerical tool developed to simulate flow depths in natural watercourses. The sensitivity of the model to rainfall intensity and soil roughness coefficient was highlighted through flood spatial extent and water depth at the outlet of the watershed. The performance of the model was assessed through the simulation of two flood events, with satisfactory values of the Nash–Sutcliffe criterion of 0.61 and 0.69. The study is expected to be useful for flood managers and decision makers in assessing flood hazard and vulnerability.
Improving the quality of bacteriological studies for infections caused by carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae using molecular diagnostic methods
Authors: Chizhikova A. , Lisitsyna E.
Published: July 2020

The resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics of the β-lactam group — carbapenems — is associated with the ability of bacteria to produce carbapenemases. The relevant task is to determine carbapenem-resistant microorganisms to control the spread of resistant strains and conduct effective pharmacotherapy. The results of the development of molecular diagnostic methods, including use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria are presented. A multiplex PCR test system was developed for detecting carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae producing KPC and OXA 48-like carbapenemases. The test system is characterized by high specificity and sensitivity, ease of use, fast analysis time (up to 3 hours). Its introduction into clinical and diagnostic practice is promising in terms of improving the quality of bacteriological studies.
The specifics of accounting for financial investments in a budget institution
Authors: Gerasimova Larisa
Published: July 2020

The article considers the types of financial investments, existing restrictions for budget institutions and ways to account for such investments. The concepts of the most common securities are disclosed. The main account for accounting for financial investments 204.00 and its analytical accounts are analyzed. The order of formation of the cost of financial investments on accounting accounts is shown, which provides for the initial formation of the cost on the account 215.00 “Investments in financial assets” with subsequent reflection of the generated cost on the account 204.00 “Financial investments”. Accounting entries are provided in cases of revaluation of securities with an increase or decrease in their value, with the difference being written off to the financial result. The article considers the conditions under which budget institutions can be participants or founders of other organizations and what actions are required to invest in the authorized capital of another organization. The rules for generating information about financial results are considered and an example of filling them in is given.
Peculiarities of calculation and payment of transport tax by medical organizations
Authors: Shinkareva Olga
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of calculation and payment of transport tax by medical organizations. The benefits under this tax which can be applied by these organizations are considered. It has been revealed that the federal benefit can be applied only to helicopters and aircraft of sanitary aviation and medical service, and the regions can supplement this list. Aspects of determination of tax amount, including using increasing factors, were analyzed. Aspects of the new format of interaction of organizations-payers of transport tax with tax authorities, which comes into force in the beginning of 2021, are disclosed. Practical examples of defining both individual tax elements and its calculation are considered.
Remote forms: needs and opportunities
Authors: Lebedev Viktor , Lebedeva Elena
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the issues of organization and legal support for the use of remote forms, including in connection with the improvement of telecommunications technologies in the event of an emergency or threat of the spread of diseases that pose a danger to others, increasing the availability of medical care using telemedicine capabilities. The analysis of practical situations related to usage and safety of technical equipment owned by health facilities, including information, computer and telecommunications equipment, computers and peripherals; reviewed labour legislation, which regulates liability for failing to ensure the safety of technical means in the process of using telemedicine technologies.
Provision of inter-budget transfers from the federal budget to regional budgets to make payments to health staff providing medical care to citizens with coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Shinkareva Olga
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Government Resolution № 484 of 12.04.2020 “On approval of the rules for granting other interbudget transfers from the federal budget to the budgets of the regions in 2020, the source of financial support for which are the budgetary allocations of the reserve fund of the Government of the Russian Federation, in order to co-finance in full the expenditure region obligations, arising with stimulating payments to health staff providing medical care to citizens with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19”. The peculiarities of providing these transfers were considered, the content of the local normative act of the medical organization, which it should adopt and coordinate with the authority of the region in case its divisions work with patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as the grounds for exemption of incentive payments to medical workers treating citizens with COVID-19 from the individual income tax, were analyzed.
Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the formation of a temporary staff table of a medical organization providing medical care to citizens with coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Shinkareva Olga
Published: July 2020

Article is devoted to the analysis of the Order of the Russian Ministry of Health of 19.03.2020 № 198n (an edition of 29.04.2020) “About a temporary order of the organization of work of the medical organizations for implementation of measures for prevention and reduction of risk of spread of a new koronavirusny infection of COVID19” regarding formation of the temporary staff list of the division of the medical organization providing medical care to citizens with a koronavirusny infection of COVID-19 and also the requirement with the staff of this division. The criteria recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for determining the number of rates of medical workers in these divisions, requirements for medical workers of the division have been considered, a practical example of calculation of rates has been given.
Accounting for settlements with accountable persons in budget organizations
Authors: Gerasimova Larisa
Published: July 2020

The article considers the features of accounting for payments in cases when a budget institution pays for a product, work or service through an accountable person — its employee. The rules for issuing cash and noncash funds and monetary documents, as well as the conditions for their reflection in the accounting policy, are analyzed. Cases of concluding contracts on material liability, options for complying with the maximum amount of cash payments, and penalties are shown. New changes in analytical accounting for account 208.00 “Settlements with accountable persons” are described. Examples of accounting for disbursements of funds, expenses of accountable persons, calculations on cash balances and overspending are given. The algorithm for checking settlements with accountable persons is proposed: how to issue money and how to check the report, what to pay attention to when working with accountable persons, the rules for conducting preliminary and current control are considered.
Analysis of the effectiveness of state financial control over the implementation of state programs
Authors: Baklanova Tatiana , Fedchenko Elena
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the analysis of State programs, which are of fundamental importance for building program-target management, and are the basis for a program approach to Federal budget planning. State financial control over the implementation of state programs, being an integral element of the management process, has a certain methodology, which is a set of ways to conduct control measures, during which their effectiveness is determined. The state’s ability to improve the mechanisms of state financial control is primarily determined by the General economic situation and the challenges facing the economy. Of course, building strategic priorities is possible only when there are appropriate resources to do so, allowing not just to solve short-term problems, but to conduct a deliberate long-term policy aimed at overcoming the country’s risks and development constraints.
Federal public finance accounting standard “Employee Payments”
Authors: Shinkareva Olga
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Federal Accounting Standard of Public Finance “Payments to Personnel”, which will be applied in the conduct of accounting and reporting from January 1, 2021, including medical state and municipal institutions. The article considers the main provisions of this standard — peculiarities of recognition and evaluation of objects of personnel benefits accounting, termination of their recognition, as well as disclosure of information on objects of personnel benefits accounting in accounting financial statements. This standard is compared with the International Public Sector Financial Reporting Standard 39 “Employee Benefits”
The use of FAS (Federal Accounting Standards) “Information on operations with related companies” in medical institutions
Authors: Parasotskaya Natalia
Published: July 2020

The article considers the problems of transition of medical institutions to a new stage of economic revolution in Russia at the turn of the century and processes of increased economic integration, which scored the greater activity in the late twentieth century, demanded, in addition to addressing several other challenges, improvement of accounting in Russia in accordance with international standards. The main direction of signicant transformation of accounting in Russia is to improve the quality of information provided to users, as well as its free access for users of such information. Over the years, there has been a gradual change in the Russian accounting and reporting system using foreign experience. “Concession agreements for the provision of services: accounting from the concendant in the framework of the Federal public sector accounting standard”.
Application of IFRS by non-profit organizations
Authors: Lukinova Elena
Published: July 2020

Federal accounting standards (hereinafter — FAS) are included in the Federal law “on accounting” as part of the basic documents in the field of accounting regulation. They are mandatory and must be developed on the basis of international standards (IFRS). The FAS is approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which is the authorized Federal body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation in accordance with the program for developing Federal standards. At the same time, there are diferent Programs for non-governmental non-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations in the public sector. The issue of transition to IFRS in accounting in the Russian Federation has been discussed for several years. However, the mass transition to IFRS of accounting entities was delayed. This article discusses the practical application of IFRS by nonprofit organizations (including public sector organizations).
Vectors of sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail
Published: July 2020

The article refects the specific aspects and main problems of functioning of Russian business structures in the pharmaceutical industry, identifies potential solutions within the framework of the pyramid of sustainable development. The author proposed three main vectors of sustainable development of business structures in the pharmaceutical industry: social, environmental, and financial and economic. The author assessed the social and environmental impact using sociological surveys of pharmaceutical industry employees. The financial and economic vector of sustainable development is characterized using financial and economic indicators. The article offers the author’s model-a pyramid of sustainable development of business structures in the pharmaceutical industry.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Africa - daily cumulative index and mortality rate
Authors: David Kenneth Bitrus , Thomas Naomi , Solomon Joan Kuyet
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 outbreak which originated from Wuhan, a city in China has spread to over 180 countries in the world, disrupting several sectors of the human life, and causing deaths. This unprecedented event has affected 55 countries in Africa in different ways. This study aims to outline the current epidemiological data of COVID-19 in Africa. The number of confirmed cases and deaths in Africa was obtained from COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Mortality rate and daily cumulative index were calculated for each country. The mortality rate in Africa is low compared to other Continents regardless of the high Daily Cumulative Index recorded.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, 2015-18: A lingering epidemic
Authors: Al Shaikh Hanan , Naik Balaji Rama , Alsaad Ahmed Saleh , Albinsaleh Abdullah Ali
Published: July 2020

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), an emerging disease with fatal outcomes, has limited information on regional variations and their impact on the control measures. The aim of this study was to describe data on distribution of and possible association of risk factors for the disease and poorer outcomes, and recommendations for better control of the disease. Data were collected for 2015-2018 in Al Ahsa, the largest region (population 1.2 million) in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia.

In total, 103 cases were reported during the study period with fever and cough as predominant presenting symptoms. The majority were male, >50 years old, and Saudi nationals. One third of patients had comorbid conditions (diabetes and cardiac predominantly). Occupation profiles of the patients varied, with camel owners and security personnel constituting 40% of the study population.

In conclusions, older age, nationality, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment, and associated comorbid conditions were found to be probable risk factors for poor outcomes. The mortality rate (59%) was distinctly higher in patients aged >60 years. The study highlights probable risk factors for poor outcomes in MERS patients, and discusses scope for further intervention and better management.
Smartphone application: useful tool in hand hygiene adherence control
Authors: Basso Eduardo Signor , Spall Barbara , Roth Eduarda Stopiglia , Krummenauer Eliane Carlosso , Menezes Rochele Mosmann , Koepp Janine , Machado Janete Aparecida Alves , Reuter Cezane Priscila , Carneiro Marcelo
Published: July 2020

This study analyzed hand hygiene adherence based on the direct observation computed through a standardized electronic form (Google forms®) available in an smartphone. The observed monthly adherence rates increased during the period. The frequency rates were 21.3% in September; 33.3% in October; 38.7% in November; and 59.7% in December (p
Pilotaj Bölümü Eğitim Gereksinimlerinin Kano Modeli ile Analizi
Authors: KARAMAN Furkan , AKINET Mert , GÜRSOY Niyazi Cem
Published: July 2020

Havacılık sektörü, dünyada ve ülkemizde büyük bir hızla gelişmekte ve gelecekte de bu büyümenin devam edeceği öngörülmektedir. Türkiye’de hızla gelişen havacılık sektörüne kalifiye eleman yetiştirmeyi amaçlayan çeşitli üniversiteler ve bölümler bulunmaktadır. Bu bölümlerin en hızlı gelişen ve ön plana çıkanlarından biri “Pilotaj” bölümüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı’na bağlı Pilotaj bölümlerine sahip olan üniversitelerde eğitim alan pilot adaylarının eğitim gereksinimlerinin Kano Modeli ile sınıflandırılıp önem düzeylerinin analiz edilmesi ve öneriler sunularak eğitim kalitesinin arttırılmasıdır. Çalışma karma yöntemle desenlenmiştir. Öncelikle her biri 6 kişiden oluşan 3 farklı odak grup görüşmesi ile öğrencilerin gereksinimleri belirlenmiş ve 287 öğrenciye anket yapılarak ortaya çıkan gereksinimler Kano Modeli ile sınıflandırılarak önem düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. İncelenen 22 gereksinimden; “sınavların ve derslerin birbiriyle tutarlı olması”, “dersin öğretim elemanının alanında yetkin ve yeterli olması”, “uçuş sıralama planlarının takibinin yapılması ve öngörülen planların paylaşılması” ifadeleri ilk üç doğrusal (beklenen) gereksinimler kategorisinde sınıflandırılırken, “dersliklerde derse yardımcı uçuş ekipman veya materyallerin bulunması”, “öğretim elemanlarının derslere konu ile ilgili misafir akademisyen/pilot getirmesi ve tecrübe paylaşımı”, “havayolu firmaları ile eğitime yönelik işbirliği ve mezuniyet sonrası iş imkânları için protokol/anlaşma yapılması” ifadeleri ise heyecan verici gereksinimler olarak belirlenmiştir.
Okul Öncesi Çocuklarının Çevre Kirliliği Algısının İncelenmesi
Authors: BAY Döndü Neslihan , SAZ Büşra , OSMANPEHLİVAN Emine , DEMİR İlknur
Published: July 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının çevre kirliliği algılarının resimleri üzerinden incelenerek ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmada, nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden biri olan sanat temelli araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, bir anaokulunun 5 yaş grubundan 17 çocuk katılmıştır. Veriler, çocuklardan alınan resim ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde göstergebilimsel yöntem kullanılarak çocukların çevre kirliliği algıları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından resimler tek tek incelenerek her bir gösterge belirlenmiş, belirlenen her göstergenin karşılığında ise gösterilenler kodlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çocukların çevre kirliliğine yönelik çizdikleri resimlerde nesne, insan, araç, mekan, sembol, hayvan, besin maddesi, durum göstergelerini kullandıkları görülmektedir. Bu göstergelerin gösterenleri genellikle çöp kutuları, geri dönüşüm kutuları, besin artıkları, şişeler, çocuk, insan, adam ve kadından oluşmaktadır. Mekan olarak dış mekanlar ağırlıktayken; besin maddeleri olarak da paketli yiyecekler, sebze ve meyve gösterenleri kullanılmıştır. Gösterilenler ise çevreyi kirleten, çevreyi temizleyen, çevre dostu, çevreden etkilenen, iş birliği/yardımlaşma/çevreye duyarlılık ve çevre bilinci olmayan konularından oluşmaktadır. Çocukların 1’i su kirliliğine yönelik çizimler yaparken; 15’i karadaki kirlilik üzerine çizimler yapmıştır. Bir çocuk ise resminde hem su hem de kara kirliliğini ele almıştır. Ayrıca, hava kirliliğine yönelik çizimlere rastlanılmamıştır. Çevre kirliliği çoğunlukla plastik, ambalaj paketleri, kâğıtlar, cam atıklar, metal atıklar, çöp kutuları, geri dönüşüm kutuları, besin maddeleri üzerinden göstermişlerdir. Resimlerde genel olarak temizlik mutluluk olarak ifade edilirken; kirlilik üzgünlük olarak belirtilmiştir
АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ К КАЧЕСТВУ ГОРЯЧЕДЕФОРМИРОВАННЫХ ТРУБ НЕФТЯНОГО СОРТАМЕНТА
Authors: Shyfrin Yevhen , Grynev Anatoliy
Published: July 2020

Цель. В связи с разведкой новых месторождений углеводородов, различием залегания продуктивных пластов, поддержанием дебита существующих скважин, перед наукой и практикой постоянно возникает необходимость решения проблем создания новых конструкций скважин, резьбовых соединений труб и муфт, повышения прочностных характеристик металла, ужесточения контроля технологических параметров и др.Методика. Выполненный анализ ужесточения требований к качеству труб выявил, что изменения этих требований с учетом существующих методов оценки коснулись абсолютно всех составляющих качества трубной продукции, начиная от требований к исходным материалам и заканчивая требованиями к товарному виду продукции и технологии ее производства. При этом сравнивались требования действующих отечественных, зарубежных, международных стандартов на трубы и спецификации ведущих мировых трубопотребляющих компаний.Научная новизна. Обобщены результаты анализа современных требований к качеству и технологии производства горячедеформированных труб для разведки, добычи и транспортировки нефти и газа. Определены тенденции развития и совершенствования технологий производства труб нефтяного сортамента.Результаты, практическая значимость. На основании требований спецификаций ведущих мировых нефтегазодобывающих компаний (SHELL, SHEVRON, EXONN MOBIL, ADCO, SAUDI ARAMCO, LUKOIL, ГАЗПРОМ, РОСНЕФТЬ и др.) проанализированы современные тенденции развития требований к показателям качества трубной продукции, в частности, к горячедеформированным трубам нефтяного сортамента. Приведены требования к способу производства стали и трубной заготовки, к химическому составу сталей, к механическим свойствам, к качеству поверхности и, к геометрическим размерам, форме и массе труб, к методам неразрушающего контроля и испытаний, к методам приемки и контроля, маркировки, упаковки, транспортировки и хранения, а также к технологии производства труб. С учетом изложенного изготовители трубной продукции будут вынуждены приходить к решительным мерам по замене уже устаревших трубопрокатных агрегатов или их коренной реконструкции с учетом экономической целесообразности.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СТРУМИННОГО ПОДРІБНЕННЯ НА ОСНОВІ АКУСТИЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Pryadko Nataliya , Ternova Kateryna , Muzyka Lеv
Published: July 2020

Мета. Метою роботи є розробка шляхів підвищення ефективності струминного подрібнення на основі встановлення зв’язку продуктивності млина та якості продукту з характеристиками акустичних сигналів.Методика. Оптимізація процесу струминного подрібнення виконувалась з використанням аналізу акустичних сигналів робочих зон струминного млина. Для побудови залежностей технологічних і акустичних параметрів було використано статистичний аналіз експериментальних даних.Результати. Дослідження підтвердили залежність параметрів акустичних сигналів робочих зон від режиму подрібнення. Встановлено, що зміни максимальної і середньої амплітуди акустичних сигналів робочої зони в процесі подрібнення мають чітко виражений коливальний характер, що пов’язано зі зміною циркуляційного навантаження в робочій зоні. Показано, що відносна продуктивність млина, нормована рівнем завантаження камери подрібнення, змінюється в процесі подрібнення за квадратичним законом. В той же час, зміна максимальної і середньої амплітуди акустичних сигналів робочої зони в процесі подрібнення описується поліномом 4 порядку, при цьому величина середньої амплітуди акустичних сигналів робочої зони подрібнення в сталому режимі процесу є квадратичною функцією від відносної продуктивності за рівнем завантаження. Показано, що амплітуда акустичних сигналів характерної частоти, записаних в зоні за класифікатором, прямо пропорційна крупності часток готового продукту, що транспортується.Наукова новизна. Вперше науково обґрунтовано і експериментально підтверджено, що продуктивність струминного млина за рівнем завантаження матеріалом змінюється в процесі подрібнення за квадратичним законом. А залежність амплітуд акустичних сигналів зони подрібнення від  відносної продуктивності носить поліноміальний характер.Практична цінність. Встановлення нових залежностей характеристик акустичних сигналів від технологічних параметрів дозволить підвищить ефективність струминного подрібнення на основі результатів акустичного моніторингу. Контроль продуктивності млина та якості продукції за величиною середньої амплітуди акустичних сигналів в робочих зонах установки дасть змогу знизити витрати енергії в технологічних процесах подрібнення для одержання тонкого і надтонкого матеріалу.
РОЗРОБКА ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРІГАЮЧИХ ЗАХОДІВ ЩОДО ТЕПЛОВОЇ РОБОТИ СКЛОВАРНОЇ ПЕЧІ НА ОСНОВІ ОБЧИСЛЮВАЛЬНИХ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТІВ
Authors: Bulychov Volodymyr , Shvachich Svitlana , Havrylko Alina
Published: July 2020

Мета. Метою роботи є розробка енергозберігаючих засобів щодо теплової роботи скловарної печі.Методика. Дослідження теплової роботи конкретної скловарної печі виконувалось шляхом математичного моделювання її теплового балансу з подальшим аналізом. На основі цього запропоновані на основі обчислювальних експериментів енергозберігаючі засоби.Результати. Зроблено порівняльний розрахунок трубчатих рекуператорів. Для утилізації теплоти димових газів з метою вибору більш ефективного методу вирішена задача оптимізації з отриманням оптимальних температур, а саме: температур шихти та склобою та температури повітря. Мінімальна витрата палива складає 13,7 м3/с при оптимальних температурах: нагрітого повітря 1164 °С та шихти і склобою – 143 °С, з чого випливає, що в цих умовах витрата палива зменшується на 23,8 % від базової.Наукова новизна. Розроблена математична модель теплової роботи конкретної скловарної печі, представлена рівнянням теплового балансу, адекватним уявленням про теплофізичні процеси промислового скловаріння і результатам їх експериментального дослідження, розроблені відповідні енергозберігаючі заходи.Практична цінність. За результатами досліджень може бути розрахована ефективність роботи регенерації тепла скловарної печі.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ПОПЕРЕЧНОЙ РАЗНОСТЕННОСТИ ХОЛОДНОКАТАНЫХ ТРУБ ИЗ СПЛАВОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТИТАНА
Authors: Mishchenko Oleksii
Published: July 2020

Цель. Целью исследований маршрутов производства и твердости труб было получение новых научно-практических данных о возможности уменьшения поперечной разностенности холоднокатанных труб из сплавов на основе титана для дальнейших рекомендации о модернизации маршрутов прокатки труб.Методика. Исследованы и обобщены данные, характеризующие химический состав и механические свойства труб, изготовленных из различных сплавов на основе титана. Для труб из сплава ПТ-1М проведен эксперимент по исследованию твердости, что дополнило ранее обобщенные данные о сплавах. Исследование твердости труб выполнялось путем лабораторных исследований образцов труб различной толщины из сплава ПТ-1М в недеформированном состоянии. Для построения графика соотношение предела прочности  и твердости НВ сплавов на основе титана были использованы как табличные показатели, так и результаты собственных исследований. Исследование проектирования маршрутов прокатки труб из сплавов на основе титана выполнялось путем сопоставления рассчитанных параметров в соответствии с необходимыми технологическими процедурами.Результаты. Исследовано соотношение предела прочности  и твердости НВ, а также построен график соотношения для сплавов на основе титана, который включает данные о таких сплавах как ВТ1-00, ПТ-7М, АТ3 и ПТ-1М, ОТ4-0, ВТ9 и др. Теоретически и экспериментально показано, что абсолютная разностенность стенки холоднокатаных труб из сплавов на основе титана обратно пропорционально зависит от степени относительной деформации при холодной прокатке. Рассмотрены подходы, применяемые для проектирования маршрутов прокатки труб из сплавов на основе титана. Проведено сравнение известного маршрута прокатки, а также новых разработанных маршрутов прокатки. Прогнозирование изменения разностенности с использованием развитого метода показало, что у новых маршрутов прогнозируемый уровень разностенности ниже на ~ 30 % в сравнении с существующим.Научная новизна. Дополнены данные о твердости труб, изготавливаемых их сплава ПТ-1М. Расширены сведения зависимости твердости труб от предела прочности для группы титановых сплавов. Показано практическое применение предложенного метода прогнозирования поперечной разностенности.Практическая ценность. По результатам исследований рекомендованы подходы к выбору и разработке маршрутов прокатки при производстве холоднокатаных труб из сплавов на основе титана, обеспечивающих повышение их точности. Представлены формулы, пригодные для экспресс-прогноза точности труб в зависимости от степени суммарной деформации при холодной прокатке.
ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ УСТАНОВКИ ГАЗГОЛЬДЕРОВ КОНВЕРТЕРНОГО ГАЗА НА МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ
Authors: Vyshnevskyi Bohdan , Kapustina Tetiana , Voitkovskyi Hennadii , Shcherbakov Oleksandr , Abramovych Yurii , Lebediev Oleksii
Published: July 2020

Цель. Целью выполненных авторами проработок и расчетных исследований было предоставление проектировщикам данных и рекомендаций для обоснования применения газгольдеров конвертерного газа при его отводе «без дожигания окиси углерода». Это особенно важно при разработке так называемой «предпроектной документации» – основных технических решений, проектных предложений и технико-экономических обоснований, когда еще нет подписанного контракта с Поставщиком оборудования конвертерного цеха, но Заказчик хочет оценить техническую возможность строительства и определить его предварительную стоимость, включая газгольдер.Методика. Исходные данные и рекомендации для проектировщиков получены путем анализа имеющихся аналогов, проектных проработок и расчетных исследований на основе многолетнего опыта проектирования авторами конвертерных цехов, материалов фирм-изготовителей основных типов газгольдеров, а также патент Украины одного из авторов на усовершенствованный газгольдер. Рекомендации разработаны с учетом относящихся к проектированию Государственных стандартов, строительных норм, а также климатических условий Украины.Результаты. Авторами разработаны следующие данные и рекомендации для реального проектирования установки газгольдеров конвертерного газа, как специфических взрыво- и пожароопасных объектов сталеплавильного производства: уточненная методика приближенного определения вместимости газгольдера утилизируемого конвертерного газа, как топлива для нагревательных печей или паровых котлов заводской электростанции; конструкции и особенности основных типов газгольдеров большого объема низкого давления (до 4000 Па), включая усовершенствованный газгольдер согласно патенту Украины одного из авторов; схемы включения газгольдеров в газовую сеть предприятия; размещение газгольдеров на генплане предприятия с учетом предложенной авторами возможности их размещения на прудах-осветлителях; категория взрыво- пожароопасности установки газгольдера; сопоставление силы взрыва конвертерного газа и тринитротолуола; основные технико-экономические показатели строительства газгольдеров; возможная экономия природного газа за счет утилизации конвертерного газа для конкретного примера.Научная новизна. Впервые разработана уточненная методика приближенного определения объема газгольдера конвертерного газа; определена сила взрыва конвертерного газа, хранящегося в газгольдере; усовершенствованный газгольдер с гофрированной оболочкой.Практическая ценность. Использование приведенных данных, рекомендаций и разработок при реальном проектировании, особенно для «предпроектной документации». Материал может быть полезен также для студентов металлургических высших учебных заведений.