bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
100 Years of Progress with LONZA
Authors: Eschenmoser Walter
Published: April 2022

In the past century, Lonza has developed from an hydroelectric plant into a specialized, globally operating chemical company. This growth was not a foregone conclusion but the fruit of innovative drive, market orientation, and bold decisions in difficult times. These attitudes
are described in the following article that outlines the development of the product range from calcium carbide to organic intermediates and to highly sophisticated chemical and biotechnology-based exclusive manufacturing for leading life science companies.
Innovative Approaches to the Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Ring System. Development of an Efficient Process for Industrial-Scale Production of a Key Intermediate for Potent Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Stucky Gerhard C. , Roduit Jean-Paul , Schmidt Beat
Published: April 2022

Two syntheses of 2-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, an important intermediate for the synthesis of several potent angiotensin II antagonists, have been investigated. The first route involves conversion of 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene (17) to 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridine (6); catalytic hydrogenation of 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridine in propionic acid gave 2-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 3 in high yield. In the second synthesis, propionitrile is converted to imidate hydrochloride 15, which is neutralised and reacted with aminoacetonitrile in the presence of acetylacetone to give 2-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 3 in 55% overall yield. The propionitrile route was scaled up to produce 2-ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 3 in the pilot plant.
Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan via Vilsmeier Chloroformylation
Authors: Griffiths Gareth J.
Published: April 2022

A novel preparation of 2-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, a key intermediate for the synthesis of the angiotensin II antagonist Losartan potassium, via Vilsmeier chloroformylation of imidazolinone is described.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation vs. Resolution in the Synthesis of POSICOR®, a New Type of Calcium Antagonist
Authors: Crameri Yvo , Foricher Joseph , Hengartner Urs , Jenny Christian-Johannes , Kienzle Frank , Ramuz Henri , Scalone Michelangelo , Schlageter Markus , Schmid Rudolf , Wang Shaoning
Published: April 2022

The pilot-plant-scale synthesis of (S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid by asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid with the [Ru((R)-MeOBIPHEP)(OAc)2]-catalyst is described. The hydrogenation was performed in a continuous mode in a cascade stirred-tank reactor system at 270 bar pressure. The (S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid is an important optically active intermediate in the synthesis of mibefradil, a new type of calcium antagonist.
Advances in AIDS Chemotherapy: The Asymmetric Synthesis of CRIXIVAN®
Authors: Reider Paul J.
Published: April 2022

The discovery and development of an efficient, practical asymmetric synthesis of the HIV Protease inhibitor CRIXIVAN® is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the selective installation of each of the five stereogenic centers as well as design strategies associated with the preparation of a complex pharmaceutical agent needed in multiton quantities.
Chiral Amino Acids: A Versatile Tool in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
Authors: Drauz Karlheinz
Published: April 2022

Methods of preparing enantiomerically pure amino acids especially focusing on amino-acylase-based resolution of D,L-acetylamino-acid precursors, synthesis of D-amino acids using a hydantoinase system, and the cofactor-dependent enzymatic reductive amination of α-keto acids to L-amino acids are described. Examples are given for bulk actives, based on L- and D-amino acids and peptides. L- and D-Tle (= L-/D-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid) are important molecules for synthesizing drugs and a great variety of chiral auxiliaries. A new chromatographic separation of bulky side-chain amino acids in a preparative scale is described, giving both enantiomers in >99% ee.
STRATEGI NAFKAH MASYARAKAT DESA SINDANGSARI DI KAWASAN KAMPUS E UNTIRTA (Studi Kasus Desa Sindangsari, Kec. Pabuaran, Serang)
Authors: Kurniyawati Euis , Hayat Nurul
Published: April 2022

The existence of Campus E UNTIRTA in Sindangsari Village certainly provides many  changes to the community. The impact of the existence of the E UNTIRTA campus giving a very visible change is a change in the economic situation of the surrounding population. This increase in income for the population is expected to have an impact, especially in the form of changes in the attitude of life of the population regarding the education of the people of Sindangsari Village. Of course, the existence of Campus E UNTIRTA will provide a source of income for the area around the campus to be an option for residents to fulfill their living needs and carry out livelihood strategies for their households. The research method applied is qualitative with descriptive method where this research will reveal cases and phenomena of the construction of the E UNTIRTA campus that affect the livelihood strategies of the community around the E UNTIRTA campus area as well as the socio-economic changes of the community which are revealed in depth to study the background, circumstances , and the interactions that occur. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Livelihood Strategy of the Sindangsari Village Community in the Campus E Untirta Area (Case Study of Sindangsari Village, Pabuaran District, Serang) which was just inaugurated by President Jokowi Dodo on Thursday, March 4, 2021 in Sindangsari Village, Pabuaran District, Serang District
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GOOGLE SITES PADA MATA PELAJASAN SOSIOLOGI KELAS X
Authors: Cahyo Nugroho Muhamad Khabib , Hendrastomo Grendi
Published: April 2022

This article describes the development of Google Sites-based learning media and the feasibility of Google Sites learning media from the media and material aspects. The method used is a research and development (RnD) method using the ADDIE development model developed by Dick and Carry. However, in its implementation, only three stages are carried out including Analysis (analysis), Design (design), and Development (development).The results of this study indicate that the development of Google Sites learning media is carried out through three stages, namely the analysis stage, the design stage, and the development stage. The learning media made consist of the Main Page, Competency Page, Material Page, Evaluation Page, Games Page, Announcement Page, and Credit Page. This media was validated by two media experts, two materials experts, and two sociology teachers. The feasibility of Google Sites media is based on the score obtained for each aspect by media experts, material experts, and sociology teachers to get an assessment result with an average score of 4.62 which is included in the appropriate category.
INTERNASIONALISASI KHAZANAH KESULTANAN DAN KERATON MELALUI BAHAN BACAAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin , Barella Yusawinur
Published: April 2022

Information on a culture needs to be written in an international language, like English language, to make it well known internationally. Such reading materials would also have positive impact in the educational and cultural diplomacy. This article argues on the importance of the internationalization of Kalimantan Barat culture and recommends a research procedure to develop materials on Malay sultanates and palaces in Kalimantan Barat as English extensive reading sources for younger generations.  There are three foci of activity that are suggested here, namely: need analyses, designing and developing, and evaluation. The presence of such products would facilitate the local younger generations learn their cultures and English language simultaneously through extensive reading activities. The presence of confirmable materials would help reduce information bias and misunderstanding about the history and the culture. - Through extensively reading local materials that are written in English, it is expexted that the younger generations would be able to communicate their local culture and history nationally and internationally.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TENTANG PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Zulika Hapsari Famela Meilidia , Ulfah Maria , Barella Yusawinur
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to gather the perception of students regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the aspect of the existence of teaching lecturers and interactions between lecturers and students. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method. The sources of data were observation data, students' interview results, and documentation of online lecture activities. The results showed that the existence of teaching lecturers in online learning was going well. This was proven by the lecturer providing planning of teaching materials according to the learning objectives but not providing the lecture syllabus, explaining the lecture contract to students at the beginning of the lecture, and providing the lecture schedule which was carried out by the lecturer being present on time. The results of research on the interaction between lecturers and students showed positive results. However, there were also things that needed to be improved, such as the internet network.
ANALISA DAMPAK BUDAYA DUALISTIS HUKUM TERHADAP PROSES PENEGAKAN HUKUM
Authors: Kusumah Putri Annita Febriani , Senjaya Oci
Published: April 2022

In a country that has basic norms as a philosophy of social life, it has an important role in the formation and enforcement of applicable norms. In the process of social interaction, there is friction between individual interests and each other, making each problem complex. The emergence of community stigma is one of the law enforcement processes. Even the presence of left-wing opinions in a case can lead to the assumption that the law is just a formality that has no impact on anything. Or even the law only favors a certain group. So that the purpose of this paper is to analyze how the concept of law has a dualistic nature and how does the dualistic nature of law influence a culture. This analytical descriptive research uses normative juridical research, through library research stages and is supported by field research data in order to obtain primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed with qualitative juridical. The results of the study show that the case raised in this paper is the embodiment of a dualistic law and the effects of the dualistic nature of the law will create a different legal culture and the loss of unity in law enforcement.
Peranan kebugaran jasmani siswa dalam pembelajaran praktik kejuruan dengan sistem blok
Authors: Omchan Achmad
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data tentang dukungan kebugaran jasmani siswa terhadap terselenggaranya kegiatan pembelajaran praktik sistem blok. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif  kualitatif. Data dan informasi diperoleh dari data primer, yaitu data tingkat kebugaran jasmani siswa melalui TKJI, data hasil observasi pada situasi sosial kegiatan pembelajaran praktik, dan data hasil isian angket. Selain itu diperoleh data sekunder berupa nilai hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran praktik keterampilan bubut dan frais. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan statistik sederhana. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan data dan analisis data maka diperolah  hasil tes kebugaran jasmani pada siswa kelas XI TP 2 sebanyak 35, yaitu : (0%) sangat baik, 8,6% baik, 62,9% sedang, 25,7% kurang, dan 2,8% sangat kurang. Adapun  pemetaan nilai hasil belajar siswa pada dua mata pelajaran praktik adalah 60% siswa memiliki nilai kelompok bawah, sedangkah 40% memiliki nilai kelompok atas, nilai ketuntasan minimum 70. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebugaran jasmani dengan kategori baik memberi dukungan yang positif terhadap keikutsertaan siswa dalam pembelajaran praktik. Untuk itu berdasarkan hasil penelitian perlu dialakukan upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan status kebugaran jasmani para siswa.
Understanding the emergence of the boson peak in molecular glasses
Authors: González-Jiménez Mario , Barnard Trent , Russell Ben , Tukachev Nikita , Javornik Uroš , Hayes Laure-Anne , Farrell Andrew , Guinane Sarah , Senn Hans , Smith Andrew , Wilding Martin , Mali Gregor , Nakano Motohiro , Miyazaki Yuji , McMillan Paul , Sosso Gabriele , Wynne Klaas
Published: April 2022

One of the common features of a glass is the so-called “boson peak”, observed as an excess in the heat capacity over the crystal or as an additional peak in the terahertz vibrational spectrum. The microscopic origins of the boson peak are controversial, albeit the emergence of locally ordered structures inhibiting crystallisation has been put forward as a possible culprit. Unfortunately, the terahertz spectral range is often congested with many other contributions complicating observation of the boson feature. Here, we show that depolarised Raman scattering—obtained using femtosecond optical Kerr-effect spectroscopy—in liquids consisting of highly symmetric molecules can be used to isolate the boson peak, allowing its detailed observation over a wide range of temperatures from the (supercooled) liquid into the glass. The boson peak in the vibrational spectrum matches the excess heat capacity observed in low-temperature heat capacity measurements. As the boson peak intensifies on cooling towards the glass transition, wide-angle x-ray scattering shows the simultaneous appearance of a pre-peak due to molecular clusters consisting of circa 20 molecules. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations—reproducing both boson and pre peaks—indicate that these clusters are caused by over-coordinated molecules tending towards but prevented from attaining crystalline structural order. These findings represent an essential step toward our understanding of the physics of vitrification.
Fast-Track Computational Access to Reaction Mechanisms Provides Comprehensive Insights into Aminolysis Postpolymerization Modification Reactions
Authors: Matsubara Kiho , Chou Li-Chieh , Amii Hideki , Kakuchi Ryohei
Published: April 2022

With the aim of providing a computational guideline for activated ester–amine chemistry, a series of activated esters commonly used in polymer synthesis have been systematically analyzed at the DLPNO-CCSD(T) level of theory by taking advantage of the recently developed density functional theory-based semiempirical method GFN2-xTB. The fast-track computational analysis based on the GFN2-xTB and DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods can explain well the experimentally observed reactivity in aminolysis postpolymerization modification reactions. Moreover, transition state search calculations can be performed with realistic model structures consisting of more than a hundred atoms, offering a new approach for reaction profiling for large molecular systems without further approximations. The realistic reaction profiling allows a preliminary assessment and visualization of the polymer effect during the postpolymerization modification at the DLPNO-CCSD(T) level of theory. This study offers a computational compass for activated ester–amine chemistry for application in postpolymerization modification reactions.
Unusual water-assisted NO adsorption over Pd/FER calcined at high temperatures: The effect of cation migration
Authors: Song Inhak , Khivantsev Konstantin , Bowden Mark , Wu Yiqing , Wang Yong , Szanyi Janos
Published: April 2022

Moisture contained in vehicle exhaust gas normally degrades the capacity and efficiency of Pd ion-exchanged zeolites as NOx adsorbents by competitive adsorption on active sites. Here, we report a counterexample to this general proposition, in which moisture facilitates the storage of NO as a nitrosyl complex on hydrated Pd ions in high temperature calcined FER-type zeolites. The divalent Pd2+ cations upon elevated temperature (>800 °C) calcination occupy sterically constrained cationic position that render them inactive for the adsorption of probe molecules such as NO. These ‘hidden’ Pd ions, however, are accessible by NO when the zeolite is hydrated, but readily release NO at around 200°C as dehydration proceeds. By combining systematic in situ infra-red data with X-ray diffraction Rietveld analyses, we revealed that the high temperature-induced relocation of Pd ions to more stable cationic positions located near 6-membered ring of the ferrierite cage is responsible for this anomalous behavior. This finding constitutes a notable advance in understanding coordination chemistry of cations in zeolites.
An Activity-Based Oxaziridine Platform for Identifying and Developing Covalent Ligands for Functional Allosteric Methionine Sites: Redox-Dependent Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
Authors: Reeves Audrey , Gonzalez-Valero Angel , Moon Patrick , Miller Edward , Coulonval Katia , Crossley Steven , Xie Xiao , He Dan , Musacchio Patricia , Christian Alec , McKenna Jeffrey , Lewis Richard , Fang Eric , Dovala Dustin , Lu Yipin , McGregor Lynn , Schirle Markus , Tallarico John , Roger Pierre , Toste F. Dean , Chang Christopher
Published: April 2022

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a versatile strategy for enabling identification and characterization of new functional protein sites and discovery of lead compounds for therapeutic development. Yet, the vast majority of ABPP methods applied for covalent drug discovery target highly nucleophilic amino acids such as cysteine or lysine. Here, we report a methionine-directed ABPP platform using Redox-Activated Chemical Tagging (ReACT), which leverages a biomimetic oxidative ligation strategy for selective methionine modification. Application of ReACT to the cancer-driver protein cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) as a representative high-value drug target identified three new hyperreactive, ligandable methionine residues, including an allosteric M169 site that is proximal to an activating T172 phosphorylation site. With this information in hand, we designed and synthesized a new methionine-targeting covalent ligand library based on oxaziridine fragments bearing a diverse array of heterocyclic, heteroatom, and stereochemically-rich substituents. ABPP screening of this focused library against a clickable broad-spectrum ReACT probe identified 1oxF11 as a covalent modifier of the CDK4/Cyclin-D1 heterodimer at the M169 site. This compound inhibited CDK4 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner on purified protein and in live cells. Further biochemical analyses with a phospho-specific CDK4 antibody revealed crosstalk between M169 oxidation and T172 phosphorylation upon 1oxF11 treatment, where M169 oxidation prevented phosphorylation of the activating T172 site on CDK4 and blocked cell cycle progression at the S-phase checkpoint. By identifying a new mechanism for allosteric methionine redox regulation on CDK4 and developing a unique modality for its therapeutic intervention, this work showcases a generalizable platform that provides a starting point for engaging in broader chemoproteomics and protein ligand discovery efforts to find and target previously undruggable methionine sites.
Thiol catalysis of selenosulfide bond cleavage by a triarylphosphine
Authors: Firstova Olga , Melnyk Oleg , Diemer Vincent
Published: April 2022

The arylthiol 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA) is a powerful catalyst of selenosulfide bond reduction by the triarylphosphine 3,3′,3′′-phosphanetriyltris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt (TPPTS). Both reagents are water-soluble at neutral pH and are particularly adapted for working with unprotected peptidic substrates. Contrary to trialkylphosphines such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), TPPTS has the advantage of not inducing deselenization reactions. We believe that the work reported here will be of value for those manipulating selenosulfide bonds in peptidic or protein molecules.
Fast, Large, and Accurate 3D Printing
Authors:   , Kilpatrick Jesse
Published: April 2022

To achieve the goal of fast and large 3D printing at high resolutions, certain other criteria must be met. First, the method of printing should have good baselines for printing speed, build volume, and resolution. This excludes FDM printing, (slow, poor z-axis resolution) SLA printing (slow, small build volume) and SLS/SLM methods (slow). Niche methods can be similarly counted out. What remains is DLP printing - specifically top-down DLP printing using multiple projectors, because that enables continuous printing over a wide area.

Second, the limitations of DLP need to be mitigated. These limitations primarily stem from problems associated with resin flow and overzealous curing. Printing thick features requires resin to move further over the already-printed surface; when it fails to do so this results in resin starvation, which is a print failure. Printing thin is a solution.

However, printing thin has its own issues: DLP printing sets the form of the object, but the partially cured resin remains soft and flexible, meaning it can warp during the print (due to thermal contraction), especially if the print is large – again causing print failure. To solve this problem, this research is focusing on co-opting a strength of DLP printing – printing lattice structures. By attaching a conforming lattice to one side of a thin surface, the argument is that this will reinforce it enough to give it the strength it would have if printed slower and thicker, prevent print failures, and maintain maximum print speeds. As such, this solution is related to design for additive manufacturing best practice.

Rhino and Grasshopper have been utilised to develop an algorithm which can apply reinforcement to a surface, with the traits of that reinforcement being manipulable by the user. Test prints using basic surfaces have been used to determine the printability of a series of different reinforcement structures.The optimal reinforcement techniques have then been applied to case study objects to demonstrate the ones that can be printed fast, large, and accurately – and potentially improved by structural reinforcement.
Comparing potential of Ficus carica and Allium sativum on triglyceride to HDL ratio in high fat diet fed male Wistar Albino rats
Authors: Chandio Sofia , Memon Shahida Hassan , Maria  , Mangi Nosheen Zehra , Ujjan Ikram uddin , Raza Ali
Published: April 2022

Present study compares the potential of Ficus carica and Allium sativum on triglyceride to HDL ratio in high fat diet fed male Wistar albino rats. A sample of 36 male Wistar albino rats was randomly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet (HFD) (banaspati ghee + coconut oil) mixed in normal chow diet. After six weeks, blood was taken through retro – orbital capillary plexus, centrifuged to get sera, stored at -20°C temperature for biochemical analysis of blood lipids. TAG/HDLc ratio (atherogenic index of plasma) was measured as log TAG/HDLc. Statistical package (SPSS ver. 21.0, IBM, incorporation, USA) analyzed the results by 1- ANOVA and post – Hoc Benforinni test (p≤ 0.05). Cholesterol, TAGs, LDLc, and HDLc shows significant decrease in F. carica and A. sativum treated experimental groups C – F compared to positive controls (P=0.0001). A. sativum shows more potent hypolipidemic potential and more significant reduction in TAG/HDLc ratio compared to F. carica (P=0.0001). The present study concludes Ficus carica and Allium sativum show hypolipidemic potential with significant decrease in TAG/HDLc ratio and they may be used to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease as simple home remedy.
Enhancing mental skills for better Reading-writing abilities using Interactive assistive Technology: A survey-based study for Down Syndrome Students
Authors: Leghari Muhammad Irfan , Ali Syed Asif
Published: April 2022

The aim of present study is to bring Human-Computer Interaction strategy to bridge the reading-writing issues faced by intellectual disabled Down Syndrome Students with the support of Interactive Technology. We have used mixed methodology, wherein an online survey is processed across the Pakistan to evaluate medium of computing technology accessed by Down syndrome students and to identify the problems faced in reading-writing. A practical approach carried out to observe the mental strengths and thinking potential through hands-on practice with desktop, portable devices, smart phones, and specific applications. A proposed Interactive Learning Model compensate the barriers faced in reading- writing through using assistive technology services and applications. The results show that the assistive technology and relative services enhance the thinking and decision-making abilities. Interactive technology and smart solutions provide a continuously support with touch-to-speak technology to develop language skills and expressing their thoughts, communication control and decrease frustration. Tough-type-read-spell oriented custom software to improve reading and spelling skills and to provide paperless advantage.
Hawaiian Endemic Honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) are Nectar Robbers of the Invasive Banana Poka (Passiflora tarminiana, Passifloraceae)
Authors: Walsh Seana , Pender Richard , Gomes Noah
Published: April 2022

The human transport and subsequent naturalization of species outside their natural ranges has led to novel interactions between introduced and native species throughout the world. Understanding how introduced species impact pollination networks is useful for both invasive species management and native species conservation and restoration. Banana poka (Passiflora tarminiana), a hummingbird pollinated liana native to South America, has naturalized in higher elevation forests on the islands of Kauaʻi, Maui and Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian archipelago, habitats in which endemic honeycreepers still occur. To develop an understanding of the interaction between banana poka and honeycreepers, we undertook a floral visitation study at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Hawaiʻi where three nectivorous honeycreepers and banana poka co-occur. Two honeycreeper species, ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea) and Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), nectar robbed all of the banana poka flowers that they visited, ostensibly due to the length of the corolla tubes (60–90 mm long) which physically inhibits both honeycreeper species from accessing nectar via the mouth of the corolla. In addition, the standing crop and sugar composition of banana poka floral nectar were assessed. Flowers produced large standing crops (375 ± 132 μL) of nectar containing 29.1 ± 1% (w/v) of sugar that was sucrose-dominant (mean: 95.6 ± 0.5% sucrose in each sample). Our observations suggest that the floral nectar of banana poka may form a substantial component of the diet of both honeycreeper species at the study site. Further research is needed to understand how infestations of banana poka affect bird pollination networks at this and other sites in Hawaiʻi.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE 2 ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION COMPLICATED BY CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: O.B. Poselyugina , K.S. Ineshina , L.N. Korichkina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to explore patient’s echocardiography parameters with stage 2 arterial hypertension complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and methods: the study involved 100 patients with stage 2 essential hypertension (46 men and 54 women with average age of 59.09±13.51 years). The first group included patients with arterial hypertension complicated by CKD (50 people). The control group consisted of patients with hypertension, in whom the course of hypertension was not complicated by CKD (50 people) - the 2nd group. In the first two days of hospitalization, blood pressure was measured, blood creatinine was assessed, GFR was calculated, the presence of microalbuminuria was assessed, the threshold of taste sensitivity to table salt (TSTSS) was determined, and a transthoracic echocardiographic study (Echo-CG) was performed. The data are presented in the form of M±SD with a normal distribution of the trait, Me±IQR with a description of the trait different from the normal distribution and a percentage ratio (%). To assess the statistical relationship between the indicators, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. Results. The study showed that in patients with hypertension complicated by CKD, there are higher blood pressure numbers, almost half of them have insufficient antihypertensive therapy. They have higher values of indicators characterizing the degree of LV hypertrophy and lower values of ejection fraction than in patients without CKD.
A direct correlation was found between PS consumption and echocardiographic parameters characterizing LV size and its hypertrophy in AH patients with CKD. At the same time, these indicators were significantly higher in patients with high PHCPS compared to those with a low threshold. Conclusion. The data obtained from the results of ECHO-CG allow us to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of AH, taking into account such complications as CKD, and can be used for timely correction of antihypertensive therapy, which will prevent the process of progression of AH staging, before the appearance of systemic complications of CKD, and, therefore, improve the prognosis of the disease.
DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: M.O. Plotnikova , I. A. Snimshchikova , S.A. Shkodkina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in recent decades worldwide, especially in developed countries. Cardiovascular pathology can begin with risk factors that can cause local vascular damage and end with systemic complications leading to organ failure and death, which makes it necessary to understand the biochemistry of events associated with the entire process of progression of cardiovascular diseases and is crucial for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It is known that the state of blood vessels is influenced by multiple factors of hemodynamic conditions, extracellular signaling proteins, including interleukins, cytokines, and intracellular biochemical molecules, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The aim of the work was to evaluate the factors of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in patients with coronary heart disease. The study included 96 patients of working age with a verified diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.6.5. To assess the diagnostic significance of quantitative signs in predicting a certain outcome, the method of analyzing ROC curves was used. The article presents data on the quantitative content of nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum of patients with coronary heart disease (acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris), describes the relationship between changes in their level, and assesses the diagnostic significance of the studied parameters. The obtained data on the production of nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina indicate an important prognostic value of assessing oxidative stress and the antioxidant system for early risk stratification of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease.
ASHERMAN SYNDROME TREATMENT METHODS TO RESTORE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
Authors: S.R. Mudueva , M.A. Kurelov , Z.S. Kaitova
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Asherman syndrome includes menstrual and childbearing disorders caused by the presence of intrauterine adhesions. Infertility and hypomenorrhea were found to be the most frequent clinical manifestations of Asherman syndrome (55.1% and 32.1% of cases). Diagnosis is difficult because the syndrome cannot be detected by standard methods of examination. In most cases, treatment leads to the recurrence of the disease, which is an aggravating factor for reproduction. The aim of the work is to identify optimal methods of Asherman syndrome treatment on the basis of scientific literature.
The scientific literature on the restoration of reproductive function in women with Asherman syndrome was studied. An analytical review of clinical cases and a comparative analysis of the latest methods of treating this syndrome with solid and semi-solid barriers to form an artificial layer between the uterine walls and reduce adhesive changes, as well as hormonal treatment, intrauterine and anti-spastic gel based on hyaluronic acid gel was performed.
The standard treatment of intrauterine adhesions is to dissect them, called hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, to restore the integrity of the uterine cavity and to further prevent their formation. Damage to the uterine tissue after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis can also cause new recurrences. To date, the introduction of multiple solid and semi-solid barriers to form an artificial layer between the uterine walls and reduce adhesion changes has been proposed. Intrauterine synechias and, as an extremely severe variant, Asherman syndrome are a multicomponent problem that requires a comprehensive approach. The prognosis depends on the degree of severity and etiology of Asherman syndrome. The following algorithm for the management of women with Asherman syndrome is possible: diagnostic module, sparing intrauterine surgery with subsequent insertion of antispastic barriers into the uterine cavity, postoperative rehabilitation aimed.
IMPACT OF VACCINATION AND CONCOMITANT PATHOLOGY ON THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19 IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: N.D. Chereshneva
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A new coronavirus pandemic is sweeping the world, causing significant damage to the global economy. To control the pandemic, it is necessary to vaccinate a large part of the population. The most common clinical manifestation of the new variant of coronavirus infection is bilateral pneumonia. The likelihood of COVID-19 increases dramatically in the elderly, and they may require hospitalization, intensive care, or transfer to a ventilator. There is also an increased risk of mortality for the elderly. The presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, lower respiratory tract disease, and cardiovascular disease increases the likelihood of a severe course of COVID-19. The study was conducted on the basis of the State budget institution of the Republic of Mari El "Republican clinical hospital of war veterans". 334 case histories of patients were analyzed, 61,1% of whom were persons aged 60 and over. For the comparative analysis of morbidity in the Republic of Mari El and Russia in general the initial similar data for 6 months of 2021 (from 01.06.2001 till 31.12.2021) according to site statdata.ru were taken. The comparative analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in Mari El and in Russia as a whole was performed in the study; it was shown that the effect of vaccination significantly reduced the risk of a severe course of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure in elderly patients, as well as reduced the duration of hospitalization of the patient, which allowed to save financial resources of the medical organization. An analysis of the impact of multiple comorbidities on the severity of the course of new coronavirus infection is presented.
DISTURBANCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BASIC PLASTIC, ARISING OUT OF NON-COMPLIANCE OF THE POLYMERIZATION MODE
Authors: R.V. Zoloyev , R.A. Khasarov , A.R. Sanakoyev , Kh.A. Khasarov , O.A. Afaunova , M.I. Zekeeva
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The main structural element of all removable laminar prostheses is the “base” of the prosthesis, it consists of base plastic, for the manufacture of which there are certain rules for the mode of polymerization. Often, we see a violation of the polymerization of basic plastics, which, in the opinion of the “violators”, should not lead to serious consequences, but there is no evidence that these violations do not entail consequences. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the consequences arising from a violation of the polymerization of the base plastic during cooking. Two types of plastics (control and experimental samples) were made, studies were carried out on the mechanical loading of these samples, and X-ray diffractometry was carried out for the presence of irregularities in the structure of the plastic. When conducting experimental studies revealed significant deviations in samples made with violation of the mode of polymerization, which may indicate a decrease in the life of removable laminar dentures on a plastic base. Also, data on X-ray diffractometer were obtained with different intensity and number of peaks of plastics manufactured with violation of the polymerization mode and without violation, data of plastics manufactured without violation of the polymerization mode in the future can become a standard that all dentures made on a plastic basis must meet.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL STRESS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON EEG OF DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: A.F. Iznak , E.V. Iznak , I.V. Oleichik
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has provoked the emergence of an extensive complex of social-psychological stress factors that negatively affect the psychological state of people, even in uninfected persons. Patients with mental disorders, in particular those with depression, are especially susceptible to social stress. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a complex of social stress factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental state and brain functional state in depressive patients. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of EEG parameters in two groups of 16-25-year-old female patients with depression was carried out. The main group included 42 patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic, but were not infected with coronavirus, that is, were exposed only to the social stress factors of the pandemic (the "COVID" group). The comparison group included 40 patients who were treated before the onset of the pandemic and matched by sex, age and diagnosis to patients of the main group (group "pre-COVID"). The groups did not statistically differ in baseline depression severity. A multichannel EEG was recorded in all patients before the start of the course of therapy, with the measurement of EEG spectral power and coherence values. Results. The features of the spatial-frequency organization of the EEG were noted, which indicate a reduced functional state of the frontal regions of the left hemisphere, which are responsible for executive functions and positive emotions, as well as a greater activation of the anterior regions of the right hemisphere, which are responsible for negative emotions and the pathogenesis of depression, in patients of the "COVID" group compared to patients of the "pre-COVID" group.
Conclusion. The EEG data obtained are consistent with the assumptions about the possibility of aggravating the condition of mental patients under the influence of social-psychological stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the severity of this negative influence, at least in relation to the studied group of adolescent patients with depressive disorders, turned out to be significantly weaker than previously assumed at the beginning of the pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, social stress, depression, quantitative EEG, EEG spectral power, EEG coherence
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding
The study supported by Russian Scientific Foundation (Grant No. 21-18-00129).
EFFECT OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: N.G. Lozhkina , O.I. Gushchina , A. Kobeissi , А.B. Kadysheva
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is by far the most significant agenda in the medical community. One of the most vulnerable cohorts is patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), where there is a high risk of complications, an increase in the length of hospital stay, and an increased mortality rate. This determines the importance of risk stratification, the choice of optimal personalized therapy and the study of the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction, against the background of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the moment, an active study of the mechanisms of individual susceptibility to SARS cov 2 is being carried out, which can certainly affect the course and development of certain pathological conditions. The article presents some interim results of a study of the population of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Novosibirsk region with concomitant new coronavirus infection. The relationship between the severity of the course, clinical and laboratory parameters, and comorbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed.
Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; SARS-CoV-2 infection; accelerated atherosclerosis
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS IN GROZNY CLINICAL HOSPITAL No. 1.
Authors: I.S. Avduev
Published: April 2022

Annotation: The article presents data on the antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria isolated from 47 patients with preliminary diagnoses of "Acute cystitis" and "Chronic cystitis" to 14 antibacterial drugs. During the study, strains of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species showed its different sensitivity to the spectrum of antibiotics used.
ON THE FORMATION OF A BALANCED NUTRITION CULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: G.D. Baubekova , S.K. Tardzhibaeva , D.E. Abdrahmanova
Published: April 2022

Аннотация: В статье рассмотрены современные проблемы и особенности сбалансированного питания казахстанских школьников. Авторы подчеркивают, что формирование культуры сбалансированного питания является стратегическим направлением в укреплении здоровья казахстанских школьников. На основе анализа питания школьников по регионам и изучения проблем в их питании в рамках статьи авторы предлагают разработанные ими рекомендации.
ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS OF THE PEOPLES' FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA
Authors: S. Kaitova , M. Salikhov , Z. Kaitova
Published: April 2022

Annotation: In the near future, humanity faces a global ecological crisis for the active use of natural resources. Ecology is an essential part of the well-being of society, and therefore there is a need to revise the concept of "man-nature-man". Regulation of the processes of anthropogenic impact on the environment will help humanity to avoid an ecological catastrophe. The release of household and industrial waste into the environment directly affects climate change and an increase in water temperature, which leads to pollution of the oceans, with the discoloration of coral reefs, followed by their replacement by "plant reefs".
According to WHO (2017), non-communicable diseases account for 72% of all deaths, of which 16% are caused by toxic pollution. It was revealed that toxic pollution is the cause of 22% of all cardiovascular diseases, 25% of deaths from stroke, 40% of deaths from lung cancer and more than 53% of cases from chronic lung disease.
EFFICIENCY OF USING OZONE THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN GYNECOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: D.R. Bakhtiyarova , O.B. Kalinkina , Yu.V. Tezikov , I.S. Lipatov
Published: April 2022

Annotation: Examination and treatment of 85 women aged 18 to 40 years with acute and subacute inflammatory diseases of the genitals were carried out. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory study, including a general clinical examination, an assessment of the gynecological status with an ultrasound scan, a serological examination for chlamydia, viral infections, as well as a bacteriological and bacterioscopic examination of the vaginal flora and the detachable cervical canal. The patients were prescribed specific anti-inflammatory treatment, taking into account the etiology of the pathogen. Ozone therapy was used as an additional treatment in 45 patients (infusion of ozonized physiological solution of ORF, 200 ml, concentration 4 - 6 mg / l for 5 - 8 days, and in 40 cases - large ozonized autohemotherapy of BAP). A pronounced clinical effect of ozone therapy was noted in all patients: a rapid regression of pain and intoxication sy In addition, a significant positive dynamics of laboratory parameters was revealed (an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, a decrease in the content of poorly differentiated forms of leukocytes, normalization of the protein fraction of blood serum). All patients with a specific etiology of the inflammatory process showed positive dynamics of specific immunological parameters of blood serum.
ndromes, an improvement in overall well-being.
Patients who received ozone therapy showed a rapid recovery of their general condition, which made it possible to shorten the hospitalization time. Bacteriological and bacterioscopic control after the treatment showed the absence of specific and nonspecific pathogens and the normalization of the vaginal microflora.
RESTORING THE CLASSICAL POINT OF VIEW ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Authors: D.A. Skvortsov , E.D. Tselix
Published: April 2022

Annotation: Girls enrolled in junior courses do not belong to the fertile age group. Therefore, as a rule, when an unplanned pregnancy occurs, problems arise due to the lack of knowledge of educational and sociological aspects related to both health and training of a pregnant woman. At the same time, it is difficult for pregnant women to combine the problems of learning with the problems of gestation. Undergraduate students aged 18-19 do not belong to the fertile age group. Therefore, as a rule, when an unplanned pregnancy occurs, they have health and learning problems.
RESEARCH OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF FIREMENs UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE TRAINING PROCESS AND ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATION
Authors: E.D. Tcelykh , D.A. Skvortsov
Published: April 2022

Annotation: For the first time, indicators of systolic and diastolic blood pressure exceeding the limits of the norm before the start of the training process were determined, which is consistent with the concept of "functional and metabolic adaptation", therefore, an increase in blood pressure outside of an emergency situation is a professional feature of firefighters. In healthy athletes, an increase in systolic pressure is accompanied by a parallel increase in diastolic pressure. To achieve the goal and objectives, the characteristics of the CCC (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) and the functional state of firefighters before, during and after training/emergency response, in winter in the field were determined (n= 72).
MECHANISMS OF SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION OF MALIGNANT TUMORS IN INFLAMMATION
Authors: M.D. Zvereva
Published: April 2022

Annotation: The study of the mechanisms of spontaneous regression of malignant tumors is a topical issue of our century. Disclosure of the pathogenesis of regression will allow progress in the treatment of such diseases. The article discusses the mechanisms of regression of malignant tumors in inflammation, discloses the role of bacteria in this issue, and analyzes the possible mechanism of immunity sensitization in such diseases.
The review of immune mechanisms was carried out on the basis of these articles, which studied the Coli toxin, BCG vaccine. The results showed the effectiveness of the use of these funds in the treatment of cancer patients.
The possibilities of using bacteria for the transfer of drugs to the tumor area and their production of cytokines are also described. In addition, the correlation between the time of onset of inflammation and regression of tumor formation was analyzed.
The main antitumor compounds and substances (IL-1, IL-12, TNF family, LIGHT and CCL21) were also noted, their effect on tumor cells and their role in the regression of malignant tumors was described.
As a result, it was concluded that bacteria increase the ability of the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells, however, the individual characteristics of the reactivity of the human immune system should be taken into account before such therapy.