bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poética, medicina e inquisição: o diálogo da perseguição nos Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas das Índias (1563) de Garcia da Orta
Authors: Alves Daniel Vecchio , Roani Gerson Luiz
Published: September 2016

Abordaremos, no presente artigo, que os aspectos relativos à medicina oriental se revelam como parte constituinte e não matéria única dos Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas da Índia de Garcia da Orta, médico particular do navegador Martim Afonso de Sousa. Na disposição dialógica por ele apresentada no citado texto, notaremos como os aspectos de sua identidade judaica trazem, à narrativa, tensões que visam driblar a censura inquisitorial, registrando as marcas poéticas suscitadas pelos vários conflitos político-religiosos travados com os católicos durante o Renascimento. Desse modo, fica nossa investigação longe de limitar-se à análise do registro dos fármacos Orientais até então desconhecidos no Ocidente, pois levaremos em consideração que, nos Colóquios, os diálogos ganham também um outro sentido ao se centrarem na marca dessa diáspora provocada pelos crimes e discriminações sociais de que os judeus e cristãos-novos ibéricos eram vítimas há tempos. Isso nos incentivará, por fim, a tomar os diálogos de Garcia da Orta como parte de uma larga literatura renascentista que se revela promissora para o estudo do campo estético em contextos de intensa censura, bem como para o estudo sobre o gradual surgimento de uma estrutura narrativa que prenuncia o romance burguês.
Comunicação em saúde: Habermas e Lévinas no consultório
Authors: Pompilio Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2016

A partir da apresentação de três casos clínicos, o autor se lança a uma crítica à matriz teórica da Medicina Narrativa e do que tem sido conhecido como Humanidades Médicas. Pretende-se mostrar que tornar narrativas de pacientes um objeto privilegiado de estudo dos profissionais da saúde e utilizar de métodos quantitativos para medir sua eficiência ou, por fim, considerá-las mero instrumento para se atingir metas terapêuticas ou mesmo acolhimento, é empobrecer o debate no campo do que Hydén e Mishler chamaram de “Linguagem e Medicina”. Por outro lado, submeter o encontro clínico à exclusividade de uma análise linguística é insuficiente, se considerarmos a ciência biomédica que o legitima. Uma (ainda) utópica teoria da comunicação em saúde teria que, para atender a tais demandas, dar conta de todas as aporias e contingências da linguagem que o encontro clínico proporciona e, além disso, acomodar a potência colossal representada pelo discurso científico na sociedade moderna. Tais questionamentos nos remetem às relações entre epistemologia e ética que estão, desde sempre, no âmago da medicina. Trata-se, portanto, de procurar especificamente por linhas de pensamento que sejam estruturadas, ou bem como teorias da linguagem que terminam por desaguar em uma ética do encontro, ou, bem contrariamente, como filosofias que, a partir da interação ética entre indivíduos e de uma matriz linguística dela derivada, compõem uma teoria do conhecimento.
Para glória da doença? Leituras do mal de Camões
Authors: Maffei Luis
Published: September 2016

Prática frequente em literatura portuguesa é o diálogo com Camões. Menos frequente, mas muito produtivo, é transformar Camões em personagem. É Cesário Verde, no seu poema “O sentimento dum ocidental” (1880), quem dialoga com Camões explorando um poderoso topos de entendimento e recriação: a doença, já presente, com diversos sentidos, no poeta do século XVI. A exploração de Camões por esse viés aparece como gesto de encontro e desconstrução do poeta, e será posto em prática por vários autores do século XX em diante, como Jorge de Sena e Armando Silva Carvalho, entre outros.
Diálogos de físicos: medicina tradicional e a medicina erudita no teatro de Gil Vicente (c.1465-1537?)
Authors: Rocha Denise
Published: September 2016

O estudo tem como finalidade delinear as práticas da medicina popular e da medicina erudita do século XVI, baseada em Empédocles, Hipócrates, Aristóteles, Galeno e Ptolomeu (teoria dos humores (fluidos) do homem (sangue, fleuma, bílis amarela e bílis negra), que eram ensinadas nas universidades de Lisboa, Coimbra e Salamanca e que são mencionadas no Auto dos Físicos (1524?), de Gil Vicente (c.1465-1537?), com destaque para a melancolia.
O DNA da relação médico-paciente
Authors: Plapler Hélio , Carelli Fabiana Buitor
Published: September 2016

A narrativa em medicina e nas demais áreas da saúde está se firmando como um modo de conhecimento do doente e seus males e uma forma de humanização do seu atendimento. Um ponto comum entre os diversos grupos que se dedicam ao estudo da chamada “narrativa médica” é ver a relação médico-paciente como eixo motriz da compreensão entre estes dois polos do atendimento em saúde . Hurwitz estabelece que a consulta médica é uma forma específica de encontro que produz narrativas e, portanto, pode ser analisada narrativamente. São diversas as formas possíveis de análise textual com a finalidade de compreender como essa relação acontece e evolui discursivamente. Tal relação, contudo, tem sido avaliada apenas como um fenômeno inter-subjetivo que ocorre aleatoriamente, em que o paciente (ou suas doenças) ocupam o papel de mero objeto do conhecimento. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que ela ocorre em função de um vínculo específico entre elementos (tempo, cuidado, guia e atenção) que podem ser analisados narrativamente
RELPRON: A Relative Clause Evaluation Data Set for Compositional Distributional Semantics
Authors: Rimell Laura , Maillard Jean , Polajnar Tamara , Clark Stephen
Published: September 2016

This article introduces RELPRON, a large data set of subject and object relative clauses, for the evaluation of methods in compositional distributional semantics. RELPRON targets an intermediate level of grammatical complexity between content-word pairs and full sentences. The task involves matching terms, such as “wisdom,” with representative properties, such as “quality that experience teaches.” A unique feature of RELPRON is that it is built from attested properties, but without the need for them to appear in relative clause format in the source corpus. The article also presents some initial experiments on RELPRON, using a variety of composition methods including simple baselines, arithmetic operators on vectors, and finally, more complex methods in which argument-taking words are represented as tensors. The latter methods are based on the Categorial framework, which is described in detail. The results show that vector addition is difficult to beat—in line with the existing literature—but that an implementation of the Categorial framework based on the Practical Lexical Function model is able to match the performance of vector addition. The article finishes with an in-depth analysis of RELPRON, showing how results vary across subject and object relative clauses, across different head nouns, and how the methods perform on the subtasks necessary for capturing relative clause semantics, as well as providing a qualitative analysis highlighting some of the more common errors. Our hope is that the competitive results presented here, in which the best systems are on average ranking one out of every two properties correctly for a given term, will inspire new approaches to the RELPRON ranking task and other tasks based on linguistically interesting constructions.
Restricted Non-Projectivity: Coverage vs. Efficiency
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: September 2016

In the last decade, various restricted classes of non-projective dependency trees have been proposed with the goal of achieving a good tradeoff between parsing efficiency and coverage of the syntactic structures found in natural languages. We perform an extensive study measuring the coverage of a wide range of such classes on corpora of 30 languages under two different syntactic annotation criteria. The results show that, among the currently known relaxations of projectivity, the best tradeoff between coverage and computational complexity of exact parsing is achieved by either 1-endpoint-crossing trees or MHk trees, depending on the level of coverage desired. We also present some properties of the relation of MHk trees to other relevant classes of trees.
Walter Chatton on Enumerating the Categories
Authors: Pelletier Jenny
Published: September 2016

Although the fourteenth-century Franciscan theologian Walter Chatton did not comment on Aristotle’s Categories, he discussed a number of issues relating to categories in his Lectura on the Sentences. The author examines his response to the question ‘How many categories are there?’ He gives three methods by which we can arrive at the number of the categories, the last two of which seem to meet his approval. Chatton advocates a strong isomorphism between ontology and semantics: the number of the categories is determined by and equal to the number of classes of things.
Defining the active space of cane toad (Rhinella marina) advertisement calls: males respond from further than females
Authors: Muller Benjamin J. , Pike David A. , Schwarzkopf Lin
Published: September 2016

Many animals produce advertisement vocalisations to attract mates. A vocalisation’s active space is the area within which a receiver responds to it, while its maximum extent occurs when a receiver stops responding. We mapped behavioural responses of male and female cane toads (Rhinella marina) to advertisement calls, by conducting experimental playbacks to: (i) examine attenuation of a cane toad call, (ii) define the active space of these vocalisations, by measuring phonotaxis at different distances from the call, and (iii) quantify the active space of calls for both sexes, separately. The call was fully attenuated 120–130 m from its source. Both sexes displayed positive phonotaxis 20–70 m from calls. Males also displayed positive phonotaxis 70–120 m from calls, whereas females’ movement preferences were random >70 m from a call. Differences between male and female responses were likely driven by differences in their use of information provided by calls.
Review of the genus Odontophora (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae), with a key to valid species and description of Odontophora atrox sp. n. from the New Zealand coast
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Zhao Zeng Qi
Published: September 2016

Odontophora is a globally distributed marine nematode genus common in intertidal and subtidal sediments. Odontophora is one of the most diverse genus of the family Axonolaimidae with over 30 valid species described to date; however, the last revision of the genus was made over four decades ago. In addition, limited molecular sequence data are available for the Axonolaimidae and relationships among axonolaimid genera have not yet been investigated using molecular tools. Here, an updated list of species and a key for the identification of all 34 valid species is provided, and preliminary analyses of phylogenetic relationships within the Axonolaimidae are conducted using SSU and D2-D3 of LSU molecular sequences. Odontophora atrox sp. n. is described from intertidal sediments of Wellington, North Island of New Zealand, and is characterised by cephalic setae 1.1-1.5 corresponding body diam. long, 12 subcephalic setae, eight of which are slightly shorter and four of which are markedly shorter than the cephalic setae, excretory pore located slightly posterior to the amphids, and nerve ring located at two-thirds to three-quarters of pharynx length from anterior. Males are characterised by weakly arcuate spicules and tapering gubernacular apophyses, 9-10 small tubular precloacal supplements, cloacal aperture flanked by two sets of heavily cuticularised and eversible spines, and two elongated laterodorsal setae near the tail tip. Preliminary analyses of phylogenetic relationships within the Axonolaimidae provide some support for the monophyly of Odontophora, but drawing more solid inferences about relationships within the Axonolaimidae will require more molecular sequence data of accurately (and verifiably) identified species.
Control of primary reproductives of Microtermes spp. in soil treated with Galleria cadavers infected with Heterorhabditis indica
Authors: Mohan Sharad , Upadhyay Akanksha , Gupta Ritu
Published: September 2016

The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to the primary reproductives – alates and dealates – ofMicrotermesspp. was examined. Mortality in alates was observed in 18 h in the filter paper bioassay to test the relative virulence of infective juveniles (IJ) ofHeterorhabditis indicaandSteinernema abbasi. The LD50 forH. indicawas achieved with 5.11 IJ alate−1at 60 h, while forS. abbasiit was attained at 72 h with 6.91 IJ alate−1. Both nematodes completed their life cycle in the alates with an average production per cadaver of 3245 IJ and 2349 IJ forH. indicaandS. abbasi, respectively, at an infection dose of 30 IJ alate−1. ThusH. indicawas selected for the soil assay. The soil was implanted withH. indica-infected cadavers ofGalleria mellonella. Within 72 h 100% mortality was observed in the dealates. Successful recycling of nematodes in the termite cadavers reinforced the suitability ofH. indicafor the biological control of primary reproductives.
Muslim Citizens! After the January 2015 Paris Attacks: France’s Republicanism and its Muslim Population
Authors: Tonneau Olivier
Published: September 2016

Responses to the January 2015 killings in Paris were often based on the assumption that there is an essential incompatibility between France’s republican model, of which laicité is an essential element, and the aspirations of its Muslim population. The killings were therefore taken as evidence that France needed to adopt multicultural policies. Against the binary opposition between French republicanism and Islam, I argue that France’s postcolonial citizens, including Muslims, are committed to France’s republican principles, which they contributed to defining by appropriating the ideals of the French revolution. I claim that French postcolonial citizens are more concerned with equality than identity, that the structural causes of terrorism are to be found in the lack of equality, and that issues surrounding Muslims in France can be addressed within the framework of laicité.
Liberté, Laïcité, Pluralité: Towards a Theology of Principled Pluralism
Authors: Chaplin Jonathan
Published: September 2016

While the Charlie Hebdo attacks unleashed a highly distinctive national debate within France, that debate also serves to throw into sharp relief the deepening tensions generated by increasingly complex relationships between the state and religion across much of Europe, not least due to the arrival of immigrant minority faiths wishing to advance claims in what is widely assumed to be ‘secular’ public space. After reviewing these tensions, the article distinguishes five current European responses to them and proposes a model of ‘principled pluralism’ as a theologically defensible option. The original theological roots of such a model are outlined and six indicative contemporary practical implications proposed.
Time-Based Expectancy for Task Relevant Stimulus Features
Authors: Thomaschke Roland , Hoffmann Joachim , Haering Carola , Kiesel Andrea
Published: September 2016

When a particular target stimulus appears more frequently after a certain interval than after another one, participants adapt to such regularity, as evidenced by faster responses to frequent interval-target combinations than to infrequent ones. This phenomenon is known as time-based expectancy. Previous research has suggested that time-based expectancy is primarily motor-based, in the sense that participants learn to prepare a particular response after a specific interval. Perceptual time-based expectancy — in the sense of learning to perceive a certain stimulus after specific interval — has previously not been observed. We conducted a Two-Alternative-Forced-Choice experiment with four stimuli differing in shape and orientation. A subset of the stimuli was frequently paired with a certain interval, while the other subset was uncorrelated with interval. We varied the response relevance of the interval-correlated stimuli, and investigated under which conditions time-based expectancy transfers from trials with interval-correlated stimuli to trials with interval-uncorrelated stimuli. Transfer was observed only where transfer of perceptual expectancy and transfer of response expectancy predicted the same behavioral pattern, not when they predicted opposite patterns. The results indicate that participants formed time-based expectancy for stimuli as well as for responses. However, alternative interpretations are also discussed.
The Contributions of South Asian Jesuits to Environmental Work
Authors: Ignacimuthu S.J. Savarimuthu
Published: September 2016

Almost from the moment they arrived there in 1542, Jesuits in India and Sri Lanka have made substantial contributions to the scientific disciplines. In the initial stages they were not directly involved in environmental works, but in recent years many are taking the initiative to work for environmental justice. Some Jesuits are involved in raising awareness on environmental issues, such as promoting reforestation and watershed programs, whereas others work to provide safe drinking water or to prevent tree-felling, while others study local biodiversity and are creating and maintaining botanical gardens. Other environmental projects include the promotion of solar energy, biopesticides and biofertilizers for organic farming, the micropropagation of rare, endangered, and threatened (rets) plant species (so that they may be replanted in greater numbers), the formation of local centers and eco clubs where students and others can collaborate for a healthier environment. Several Jesuits are also active politically assuming advocacy roles, and writing books and research articles in the interest of environmental conservation. A select few Jesuits are even recognized on a national level for their contributions to environmental causes.
An Opportunity for Conversion: American Jesuits and the Response to Laudato si’
Authors: Homan S.J. Ken
Published: September 2016

In May 2015, Pope Francis published Laudato si’, and since then Jesuits throughout the world are seeking to respond to the encyclical. In the United States, however, much of the responses came from the twenty-eight Jesuit colleges and universities. Despite these efforts, tremendous work and challenges await the Jesuits communities in the United States. This essay describes and evaluates the American Jesuits’ efforts prior to and in response to Pope Francis’s call for an integral ecology. Furthermore, it recommends an integral ecology examen to help the Society of Jesus move from comfortable participation in injustice to hope-filled missionary vigor.
New neotropical Lycopodiaceae
Authors: ØLLGAARD BENJAMIN
Published: September 2016

The following species in the Lycopodiaceae are described as new to science: Palhinhaea cerrojefensis (Panamá), Phlegmariurus pachyskelos (Colombia), Phlegmariurus silverstonei (Colombia), Phlegmariurus sphagnicola (Colombia), and Phlegmariurus tryonorum (Costa Rica). Phlegmariurus serpentiformis (Herter) B.Øllg. is a new combination.
Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifolium multistriatum W.D.J.Koch (T. vesiculosum aggr., Fabaceae)
Authors: SCOPPOLA ANNA , LATTANZI EDDA
Published: September 2016

Trifolium multistriatum (T. sect. Vesicastrum subsect. Mystillus) is a neglected species currently considered as a synonym of T. setiferum or T. rumelicum. The identity of T. multistriatum compared to the species closely related is briefly discussed and its distinct autonomy is highlighted based on the analysis of relevant literature and herbarium specimens, including the type material. The holotype is indicated here for its name based on an exsiccatum belonging to the gathering cited in the protologue, which is preserved at L. Other relevant related material is preserved at PAD and TSM. The distribution area of T. multistriatum includes Western Balkan Peninsula and Italy. The studied material was mostly collected long time ago. For Southern Italian territory, the most recent records date back to the mid 1900s.
Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel
Authors: BODNER L. , FREIDBERG A.
Published: September 2016

The Platystomatidae fauna of Israel is reviewed. Eleven species in two genera, Platystoma Meigen and Rivellia Robineau-Desvoidy, are recognized. Ten of the eleven species are recorded from Israel for the first time, and six of them are described as new: Platystoma dalia n. sp., P. elizabethae n. sp., P. geula n. sp., P. torridum n. sp., P. trigonum n. sp., and Rivellia israelica n. sp. Detailed descriptions, redescriptions, illustrations, and keys to all local platystomatid taxa are provided. The complete life-cycle of P. torridum n. sp. is reported, with descriptions and illustrations of egg, 3rd instar larva, and puparium.
Leptobasis linda sp. nov. from Ecuador (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: JOHNSON JIM T.
Published: September 2016

Leptobasis linda is described from the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador. The coloration of mature individuals is superficially similar to the widespread L. vacillans, but structural and color characteristics differentiate L. linda from all congeneric species. The male caudal appendages and the female posterior margin of the prothorax are unique among Leptobasis.
Leptogomphus tioman sp. nov. (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidea) from Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: CHOONG CHEE YEN
Published: September 2016

A new species Leptogomphus tioman is described based on male specimens collected from Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia. It is close to Leptogomphus risi Laidlaw in thoracic markings but is readily distinguished by its anal appendages and accessory genitalia.
Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil
Authors: SOUZA MAYSA F.V.R. , FERREIRA RODRIGO L.
Published: September 2016

Two new species of troglobiotic Brazilian palpigrades are described: Eukoenenia jequitinhonha sp. n., found in Lapa do Córrego do Vieira cave (Caraí, Minas Gerais) and E. cavatica sp. n., found in Cazanga cave (Arcos, Minas Gerais). The importance of documenting the occurrence of troglobiotic species, even if they are represented by only a single specimen, is discussed.
Some representative species of the tribe Holochlorini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) and the description of two new species from India
Authors: SWAMINATHAN R. , NAGAR RAJENDRA
Published: September 2016

In the present paper two new species of the genus Holochlora (Phaneropterinae: Holochlorini) have been described viz., Holochlora umranensis sp. nov., collected from Meghalaya, the North-eastern province, India (Ri bhoi 90°55’15 to 91°16’ latitude and 25°40’ to 25°21’ longitude, 993 MSL) and Holochlora alsigarhensis sp. nov., collected from Southern-western, Rajasthan, (Udaipur N 24 34’17 to E 73 41’ 30’’ and Latitude 24.5713, Longitude 73.6915, 582 MSL), as additions to the previously known species of the genus that were earlier collected from the southern parts of India. Among these, four species are being reported for the first time from India including: H. brevifissa, H. fruhstorferi, H. japonica and Rectimarginalis profunda Liu & Kang. The key morphological characters of the head, pronotum, tenth abdominal tergite, subgenital plate, cerci, titillator and the ovipositor have been illustrated with suitable line drawings to distinguish the known, reported and new species, along with a key to the genera and species.
Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913
Authors: KAWAI TOSHIO
Published: September 2016

A new armored searobin, Peristedion richardsi sp. nov., is described on the basis of three specimens collected from the deep sea (485–600 m) off Java, Indonesia. This new species differs from the Indo-West Pacific congeners in having anterior edge of the 4th sensory pore of the rostral projection located anterior to the anterior edge of the premaxilla, perifacial rim prominent starting near anterior margin of lower jaw, spatulate rostral projection with very narrow interspace between both rostral projections, rostral projection width 1.33–1.73 in interspace between both rostral projections, and rostral projection with straight margin on medial side at base. It is clear that Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913 is a junior synonym of Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894. In addition, a lectotype is designated for P. nierstraszi.
Contribution to knowledge of Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Thailand: first record of genus Arboridia Zachvatkin with description of three new species and a new synonymy
Authors: SONG YUE-HUA , LI ZI-ZHONG , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: September 2016

Three new species, Arboridia (Arboridia) magna sp.nov., A. (Arborifera) mira sp.nov. and A. (Arboridia) sexprocessa sp.nov. from Phitsanulok, Thailand are described and illustrated. A key for the identification of species of Arboridia from Thailand is provided. Arboridia (Arboridia) koreana Oh & Jung 2015 is synonymised with A. (Arboridia) agrillacea (Anufriev 1969).
A new and endangered species of Kingsleya Ortmann, 1897 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from Ceará, northeastern Brazil
Authors: PINHEIRO ALLYSSON P. , SANTANA WILLIAM
Published: September 2016

A new species of freshwater crab, Kingsleya attenboroughi n. sp., from the Arajara district, Ceará state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species differs from congeners by having a short apical plate in the first gonopod, with anteriorly directed lobes and proximally angular; proximal lobe of the apical plate with conspicuous semicircular protuberance in mesial and sternal views; marginal process protruded, projecting mesially in sternal view and subquadrate in mesial view; and field of apical spines narrow, tapering distally, with small spines concentrated proximally. Opportunity is taken to illustrate K. gustavoi Magalhães, 2005, the closest allied species of K. attenboroughi n. sp. A key for the species of Kingsleya Ortmann, 1897 is provided.
Influences on Observed Near-Surface Gust Factors in Landfalling U.S. Gulf Coast Hurricanes: 2004–08
Authors: Giammanco Ian M. , Schroeder John L. , Masters Forrest J. , Vickery Peter J. , Krupar Richard J. , Balderrama Juan-Antonio
Published: September 2016

The deployment of ruggedized surface observing platforms by university research programs in the path of landfalling tropical cyclones has yielded a wealth of information regarding the near-surface wind flow characteristics. Data records collected by Texas Tech University’s Wind Engineering Mobile Instrument Tower Experiment and StickNet probes and by the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program along the Gulf Coast of the United States from 2004 to 2008 were compiled to examine influences on near-surface gust factors. Archived composite reflectivity data from coastal WSR-88D instruments were also merged with the tower records to investigate the influence of precipitation structure. Wind records were partitioned into 10-min segments, and the ratio of the peak moving-average 3-s-gust wind speed to the segment mean was used to define a gust factor. Observations were objectively stratified into terrain exposure categories to determine if factors beyond those associated with surface frictional effects can be extracted from the observations. Wind flow characteristics within exposure classes were weakly influenced by storm-relative position and precipitation structure. Eyewall observations showed little difference in mean gust factors when compared with other regions. In convective precipitation, only peak gust factors were slightly larger than those found in stratiform conditions, with little differences in the mean. Gust factors decreased slightly with decreasing radial distance in rougher terrain exposures and did not respond to radar-observed changes in precipitation structure. In two limited comparisons, near-surface gusts did not exceed the magnitude of the wind maximum aloft detected through wind profiles that were derived from WSR-88D velocity–azimuth displays.
Impacts of Including Rain-Evaporative Cooling in the Initial Conditions on the Prediction of a Coastal Heavy Rainfall Event during TiMREX
Authors: Tu Chuan-Chi , Chen Yi-Leng , Chen Shu-Ya , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Lin Pay-Liam
Published: September 2016

A cycling run, which began 36 h before the model forecast, was employed to assimilate special Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (TiMREX) soundings, Global Telecommunications System (GTS) data, and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) refractivity profiles to improve the model initial conditions provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) to study a coastal, heavy rainfall event over southwestern Taiwan during 15–16 June 2008. The 36-h cycling run with data assimilation (DA_ALL_DATA run) has a positive impact on the depiction of subsynoptic flow in the model initial conditions at 1200 UTC 15 June, including the warm moist tongue and southwesterly monsoon flow over the open ocean. Furthermore, the cold pool caused by the evaporative cooling of antecedent rains and orographic blocking over southwestern Taiwan are better resolved in the nested high-resolution domain in the DA_ALL_DATA run as compared to the initial conditions provided by the NCEP GFS. As a result, the heavy rainfall along the southwestern coast and afternoon localized heavy rainfall over northern Taiwan are better predicted in the DA_ALL_DATA run.

Model sensitivity tests are also performed to diagnose the effects of terrain and rain-evaporative cooling on the intensity and depth of the cold pool and degree of orographic blocking on the southwesterly flow over southwestern Taiwan. It is apparent that including rain-evaporative cooling from antecedent rains and orographic effects in the model initial conditions are important to account for the predicted rainfall distribution of this coastal rainfall event.
Convection during the North American Monsoon across Central and Southern Arizona: Applications to Operational Meteorology
Authors: Rogers Jaret W. , Cohen Ariel E. , Carlaw Lee B.
Published: September 2016

This comprehensive analysis of convective environments associated with thunderstorms affecting portions of central and southern Arizona during the North American monsoon focuses on both observed soundings and mesoanalysis parameters relative to lightning flash counts and severe-thunderstorm reports. Analysis of observed sounding data from Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, highlights several moisture and instability parameters exhibiting moderate correlations with 24-h, domain-total lightning and severe thunderstorm counts, with accompanying plots of the precipitable water, surface-based lifted index, and 0–3-km layer mixing ratio highlighting the relationship to the domain-total lightning count. Statistical techniques, including stepwise, multiple linear regression and logistic regression, are applied to sounding and gridded mesoanalysis data to predict the domain-total lightning count and individual gridbox 3-h-long lightning probability, respectively. Applications of these forecast models to an independent dataset from 2013 suggest some utility in probabilistic lightning forecasts from the regression analyses. Implementation of this technique into an operational forecast setting to supplement short-term lightning forecast guidance is discussed and demonstrated. Severe-thunderstorm-report predictive models are found to be less skillful, which may partially be due to substantial population biases noted in storm reports over central and southern Arizona.
Baptism or Gospel of Grace?: Romans 6 Revisited
Authors: Kwon Youngju
Published: September 2016

Romans 6 has been a difficult chapter owing to a number of dialectical elements: being and doing, theology and ethics, indicative and imperative, divine and human agency, and ‘already’ and ‘not yet’. Despite some previous attempts to view this chapter as presenting the theology of baptism, this article argues that Paul’s primary concern in this chapter is to explain the fundamentals of the gospel of grace and their implications for Christian life. The proper understanding of the gospel of grace includes: that everyone belongs to one of the two domains of authority (either under the domain of law/sin or under the domain of grace/Christ); that by the grace of God believers have experienced the transfer of lordship; and that despite this transfer, both aspects of ‘already’ and ‘not yet’ are creatively working together in Christian life. This article concludes with two implications: that the gospel of grace does require (rather than ignore) a moral life and that in Christian moral life we must not lose sight of both God’s empowerment and humans’ power.
Enhancing urban autonomy: Towards a new political project for cities
Authors: Bulkeley Harriet , Luque-Ayala Andrés , McFarlane Colin , MacLeod Gordon
Published: September 2016

As the 21st Century world assumes an increasingly urban landscape, the question of how definitive urban spaces are to be governed intensifies. At the heart of this debate lies a question about the degree and type of autonomy that towns and cities might have in shaping their economic, environmental, social and cultural geography. This paper aims to examine this question. Starting with the premise that the degree of autonomy any particular town or city has is inherently an empirical question – one which can only be conceptualised in relational terms vis-à-vis the distributed, networked and territorialised responsibilities and powers of the city and the nation-state and other zones of connection – we examine four different contexts where debates over autonomy have intensified in recent history (Brazil, UK, India and South Africa). Drawing on recent respective histories, we identify key elements and enablers in the making of urban autonomy: a characteristic that exists in a variety of guises and forms and creates a patchwork landscape of differentially powerful fragments. We reveal how, beyond its characteristic as a political ideal, autonomy surfaces as a practice that emerges from within specific sectors of particular societies and through their relationship with national and regional politics. Four alternative forms of urban autonomy are delineated: fragmented, coerced (or enclave), distributed and networked. We contend that the spatial templates for autonomy are not predetermined but can be enhanced in multiple different sites and forms of political space within the city. This enhancement appears essential for the integration and strengthening of capacities for sustainable and just forms of development throughout the urban.
How does parking interplay with the built environment and affect automobile commuting in high-density cities? A case study in China
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang James , Chen Peng , Xiao Zuopeng
Published: September 2016

This study investigates an important but often overlooked problem – the interaction between parking and land use – to examine the effects of the built environment on car commuting. Using the case of Shenzhen, China, a structural equation model is employed to examine the tripartite relationship among the built environment, parking supply and car commuting. The parking–built environment relationship partly reflects the parking supply mechanism that is collectively influenced by the parking market and regulations. The results indicate that, because of the high cost of constructing parking, property developers are reluctant to build sufficient parking spaces for the residential population in densely built neighbourhoods with small lot sizes. However, minimum parking standards often lead to more parking provisions in dense central locations. Therefore, the benefits of compact land use and transit-oriented development (TOD) for reducing car use are either reinforced or offset depending on the various interrelationships between parking and the built environment. In the context of policy implications, a fine-grained urban fabric should be particularly supported, considering its significant effects in reducing car commuting, as well as its potential role in fostering a well-functioning parking market. Meanwhile, imposing parking caps in dense and central areas would be wise because parking oversupply encourages more car trips, which counteracts the sustainable merits of dense developments.
Urban governance in Spain: From democratic transition to austerity policies
Authors: Martí-Costa Marc , Tomàs Mariona
Published: September 2016

This article aims to explain the evolution of urban governance in Spain during the last 40 years as a product of different waves of state rescaling. Historical, political and economic specificities shape the evolution of Spanish urban governance, especially because of the recent process of democratic transition, regional decentralisation and the specific process of de-industrialisation. We distinguish three periods in urban governance trends, from the restoration of democracy in the late 1970s to the current austerity urbanism marked by the economic crisis starting in 2008. For each phase, we highlight the three interrelated factors explaining urban governance: (1) the evolution of the Spanish political economy in the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism; (2) the evolution of the welfare state; and (3) the role of urban social movements.
The market value of energy efficiency in buildings and the mode of tenure
Authors: Kholodilin Konstantin A , Mense Andreas , Michelsen Claus
Published: September 2016

Concerns about global warming and growing scarcity of fossil fuels require substantial changes in energy consumption patterns and energy systems, as targeted by many countries around the world. One key element to achieve such transformation is to increase energy efficiency of the housing stock. In this context, it is frequently argued that private investments are too low in the light of the potential energy cost savings. However, heterogeneous incentives to invest in energy efficiency, especially for owner-occupants and landlords, may serve as one explanation. This is particularly important for countries with a large rental sector, like Germany. Nevertheless, previous literature largely focuses on the payoffs owner-occupants receive, leaving out the rental market. This paper addresses this gap by comparing the capitalisation of energy efficiency in selling prices and rents, for both types of residences. For this purpose data from the Berlin housing market are analysed using hedonic regressions. The estimations reveal that energy efficiency is well capitalised in apartment prices and rents. The comparison of implicit prices and the net present value of energy cost savings/rents reveals that investors anticipate future energy and house price movements reasonably. However, in the rental segment, the value of future energy cost savings exceeds tenants’ implicit willingness to pay by a factor of 2.5. This can either be interpreted as a result of market power of tenants, uncertainty in the rental relationship or the ‘landlord–tenant dilemma’.
D-Shuttle project: measurement and comparison of individual doses of high school students
Authors: Hara T. , Anzai S. , Saito M. , Fijiwara Y.
Published: September 2016

In 2014, a team of high school students and teachers measured individual exposure doses using D-Shuttle dosimeters. In total, 216 students and teachers participated in the project, with the cooperation of 12 high schools in Japan (six from Fukushima Prefecture), four from France, eight from Poland, and two from Belarus. The participants wore the dosimeters for 2 weeks and recorded their locations in diary charts. The distribution of annual exposure doses for each school and region, estimated from the measured results, overlapped. It was concluded that the external exposure of high school students in Fukushima Prefecture was not markedly higher compared with that of students from other regions.
Understanding media production: a rejoinder to Murdock and Golding
Authors: Dwyer Paul
Published: September 2016

This article is a rejoinder to Murdock and Golding’s response to my critique of the political economy of communications (PEC) analysis of media production. This article sets this exchange in the context of a broader debate in recent editions of Media, Culture & Society about the value of PEC. Much of the debate stems from Garnham’s critical review of 40 years of PEC research.
Shaping a score: Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in integrated writing performances
Authors: Plakans Lia , Gebril Atta , Bilki Zeynep
Published: September 2016

The present study investigates integrated writing assessment performances with regard to the linguistic features of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). Given the increasing presence of integrated tasks in large-scale and classroom assessments, validity evidence is needed for the claim that their scores reflect targeted language abilities. Four hundred and eighty integrated writing essays from the Internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) were analyzed using CAF measures with correlation and regression to determine how well these linguistic features predict scores on reading–listening–writing tasks. The results indicate a cumulative impact on scores from these three features. Fluency was found to be the strongest predictor of integrated writing scores. Analysis of error type revealed that morphological errors contributed more to the regression statistic than syntactic or lexical errors. Complexity was significant but had the lowest correlation to score across all variables.
Executive function training in children with SLI: A pilot study
Authors: Vugs Brigitte , Knoors Harry , Cuperus Juliane , Hendriks Marc , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-based executive function (EF) training in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Ten children with SLI, ages 8 to 12 years, completed a 25-session training of visuospatial working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility over a 6-week period. Treatment outcome was examined directly after training and at 6 months follow-up by tasks of the three trained EF, tasks of untrained neurocognitive functions (verbal working memory, attention, planning and fluency), and ratings of EF and behavioral problems by parents and teachers. Directly after training, results showed significant improvement on cognitive flexibility and a positive trend for visuospatial storage and inhibition. At 6 months follow-up, the children performed significantly better on tasks of all three trained EFs. Furthermore, the results showed significant improvement on sustained attention, attention control, parent- and teacher-rated attention behavior and parent-rated EF and externalizing behavior with medium effect sizes. The results of this pilot study highlight the importance of a large-scale, randomized controlled trial examining the possible effects of EF training in children with SLI.
Neurobehavioural sequelae of social deprivation in rodents revisited: Modelling social adversity for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Robbins TW
Published: September 2016

The significance of investigating effects of deprivation of social experience in rodents is reviewed in the context of the review by Robbins et al. (1996) in the Journal of Psychopharmacology (10: 39-47). The early development of the paradigm by which rats were reared post-weaning in social isolation is described and compared with other early experience manipulations. The specification of the neural and behavioural phenotype of the isolate is brought up-to-date, focusing on changes in motivation and cognitive function, as well as on contrasting changes in the dopamine and serotonin systems, and in cortical (including hippocampal) structure and function. The relevance of the isolate for animal models of psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia is reviewed, and it is considered that the paradigm best exemplifies a manipulation that can be applied to test effects of certain forms of social adversity during adolescence on brain development and behaviour.
Large field-of-view movement-compensated intrinsic optical signal imaging for the characterization of the haemodynamic response to spreading depolarizations in large gyrencephalic brains
Authors: Schöll Michael Johannes , Santos Edgar , Sanchez-Porras Renan , Kentar Modar , Gramer Markus , Silos Humberto , Zheng Zelong , Gang Yuan , Strong Anthony John , Graf Rudolf , Unterberg Andreas , Sakowitz Oliver W , Dickhaus Hartmut
Published: September 2016

Haemodynamic responses to spreading depolarizations (SDs) have an important role during the development of secondary brain damage. Characterization of the haemodynamic responses in larger brains, however, is difficult due to movement artefacts. Intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) and electrocorticography were performed in different configurations in three groups of in total 18 swine. SDs were elicited by topical application of KCl or occurred spontaneously after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Movement artefacts in IOS were compensated by an elastic registration algorithm during post-processing. Using movement-compensated IOS, we were able to differentiate between four components of optical changes, corresponding closely with haemodynamic variations measured by LSF. Compared with ECoG and LSF, our setup provides higher spatial and temporal resolution, as well as a better signal-to-noise ratio. Using IOS alone, we could identify the different zones of infarction in a large gyrencephalic middle cerebral artery occlusion pig model. We strongly suggest movement-compensated IOS for the investigation of the role of haemodynamic responses to SDs during the development of secondary brain damage and in particular to examine the effect of potential therapeutic interventions in gyrencephalic brains.
Toward Audience Involvement
Authors: Breuch Lee-Ann Kastman , Bakke Abigail , Thomas-Pollei Kimberly , Mackey L. Elizabeth , Weinert Craig
Published: September 2016

This article explores rhetorical implications of extending the audience of written physician notes in hospital settings to include patients and/or family members (the OpenNotes program). Interviews of participating hospital patients and family members (n = 16) underscored the need for more complex understandings of audience beyond “universal” and “particular” explanations. Interviews were organized around the aspects of comprehension, affect/emotion, and likes/dislikes about receiving notes. Results from these interviews indicated that participants understood the notes overall but had questions about abbreviations and technical terms. Many participants felt reassured about the care they were receiving, and many liked having the notes as a reference and springboard for further discussion with health care staff. A more detailed content analysis of the interview data yielded themes of document use, readability, involvement, and physician care. Findings from this study reveal an expansion of audience in this case to include both universal and particular audiences. Also, findings point to the possibility of audience involvement among patients and family members through activities such as asking questions about the physician notes. This study has implications for other forms of written communication that may extend readership in novel ways.