bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Purification of Mouse Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells
Authors: Chen Zhenjun , Wang Huimeng , D'Souza Criselle , Koay Hui‐Fern , Meehan Bronwyn , Zhao Zhe , Pediongco Troi , Shi Mai , Zhu Tianyuan , Wang Bingjie , Kjer‐Nielsen Lars , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Rossjohn Jamie , Fairlie David P. , Godfrey Dale I. , Strugnell Richard A. , McCluskey James , Corbett Alexandra J.
Published: September 2019

This unit describes the utility of various mouse models of infection and immunization for studying mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cell immunity: MAIT cells can be isolated from the lungs (or from other tissues/organs) and then identified and characterized by flow cytometry using MR1 tetramers in combination with a range of antibodies. The response kinetics, cytokine profiles, and functional differentiation of lung MAIT cells are studied following infection with the bacterial pathogenLegionella longbeachaeorSalmonella entericaTyphimurium or immunization with synthetic MAIT cell antigen plus Toll‐like receptor agonist. MAIT cells enriched or expanded during the process can be used for further studies. A step‐by‐step protocol is provided for MAIT cell sorting and adoptive transfer. Mice can then be challenged and MAIT cells tracked and further examined. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Quest for Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulatory Strategies in Heart Failure
Authors: Van Linthout Sophie , Tschöpe Carsten
Published: September 2019

Intensive research over the last 3 decades has unequivocally demonstrated the relevance of inflammation in heart failure (HF). Despite our current and ever increasing knowledge about inflammation, the clinical success of antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies in HF is still limited. This review outlines the complexity and diversity of inflammation, its reciprocal interaction with HF, and addresses future perspectives, calling for immunomodulatory therapies that are specific for factors that activate the immune system without the risk of nonspecific immune suppression.
Metal and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones Catalyzed by Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Pavithra Thangavel , Devi E. Sankari , Nagarajan Subbiah , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: September 2019

The efficiency of elemental sulfur for the synthesis of 2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones has been demonstrated. This strategy involves coupling of 2‐aminopyridines and β‐oxo esters under neat condition in the absence of external oxidant. The reaction does not require pre‐functionalization of the substrates, thus making it an alternate approach for the synthesis of 2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones. The reaction was tolerant to several substituted 2‐aminopyridines and β‐oxo esters.
3D cell culture models and organ‐on‐a‐chip: Meet separation science and mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Ann , Sved Skottvoll Frøydis , Rayner Simon , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig , Sullivan Gareth , Krauss Stefan , Ray Wilson Steven , Harrison Sean
Published: September 2019

In vitro derived simplified 3D representations of human organs or organ functionalities are predicted to play a major role in disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine, as they complement traditional cell line approaches and animal models. The cells for 3D organ representations may be derived from primary tissues, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells and come in a variety of formats from aggregates of individual or mixed cell types, self‐organizing in vitro developed “organoids” and tissue mimicking chips. Microfluidic devices that allow long‐term maintenance and combination with other tissues, cells or organoids are commonly referred to as “microphysiological” or “organ‐on‐a‐chip” systems. Organ‐on‐a‐chip technology allows a broad range of “on‐chip” and “off‐chip” analytical techniques, whereby “on‐chip” techniques offer the possibility of real time tracking and analysis. In the rapidly expanding tool kit for real time analytical assays, mass spectrometry, combined with “on‐chip” electrophoresis, and other separation approaches offer attractive emerging tools. In this review, we provide an overview of current 3D cell culture models, a compendium of current analytical strategies, and we make a case for new approaches for integrating separation science and mass spectrometry in this rapidly expanding research field.
A Toxicokinetic Framework and Analysis Tool for Interpreting Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 305 Dietary Bioaccumulation Tests
Authors: Gobas Frank A.P.C. , Lee Yung-Shan , Lo Justin C. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Letinski Daniel J.
Published: September 2019

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 305 for bioaccumulation testing in fish includes the option to conduct a dietary test for assessing a chemical's bioaccumulation behavior. However, the one-compartment toxicokinetic model that is used in the guidelines to analyze the results from dietary bioaccumulation tests is not consistent with the current state of the science, experimental practices, and information needs for bioaccumulation and risk assessment. The present study presents 1) a 2-compartment toxicokinetic modeling framework for describing the bioaccumulation of neutral hydrophobic organic chemicals in fish and 2) an associated toxicokinetic analysis tool (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion [ADME] B calculator) for the analysis and interpretation of dietary bioaccumulation test data from OECD-305 dietary tests. The model framework and ADME-B calculator are illustrated by analysis of fish dietary bioaccumulation test data for 238 substances representing different structural classes and susceptibilities to biotransformation. The ADME of the chemicals is determined from dietary bioaccumulation tests and bioconcentration factors, biomagnification factors, and somatic and intestinal biotransformation rates. The 2-compartment fish toxicokinetic model can account for the effect of the exposure pathway on bioaccumulation, which the one-compartment model cannot. This insight is important for applying a weight-of-evidence approach to bioaccumulation assessment where information from aqueous and dietary test endpoints can be integrated to improve the evaluation of a chemical's bioaccumulation potential. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:171–188. © 2019 SETAC
American Society for Bone and Mineral Research-Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: O'Keefe Regis J , Tuan Rocky S , Lane Nancy E , Awad Hani A , Barry Frank , Bunnell Bruce A , Colnot Céline , Drake Matthew T , Drissi Hicham , Dyment Nathaniel A , Fortier Lisa A , Guldberg Robert E , Kandel Rita , Little David G , Marshall Mary F , Mao Jeremy J , Nakamura Norimasa , Proffen Benedikt L , Rodeo Scott A. , Rosen Vicki , Thomopoulos Stavros , Schwarz Edward M. , Serra Rosa
Published: September 2019

Cell-based therapies, defined here as the delivery of cells in vivo to treat disease, have recently gained increasing public attention as a potentially promising approach to restore structure and function to musculoskeletal tissues. Although cell-based therapy has the potential to improve the treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, there is also the possibility of misuse and misrepresentation of the efficacy of such treatments. The medical literature contains anecdotal reports and research studies, along with web-based marketing and patient testimonials supporting cell-based therapy. Both the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) are committed to ensuring that the potential of cell-based therapies is realized through rigorous, reproducible, and clinically meaningful scientific discovery. The two organizations convened a multidisciplinary and international Task Force composed of physicians, surgeons, and scientists who are recognized experts in the development and use of cell-based therapies. The Task Force was charged with defining the state-of-the art in cell-based therapies and identifying the gaps in knowledge and methodologies that should guide the research agenda. The efforts of this Task Force are designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the current state of the science and research needed to advance the study and use of cell-based therapies for skeletal tissues. The design and implementation of rigorous, thorough protocols will be critical to leveraging these innovative treatments and optimizing clinical and functional patient outcomes. In addition to providing specific recommendations and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical investigations, this report concludes with an outline to address knowledge gaps in how to determine the cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects of a donor population used for bone regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ontogeny of the adrenocortical response in an extremely altricial bird
Authors: Berg Karl S. , Delgado Soraya , Mata‐Betancourt Astolfo , Krause Jesse S. , Wingfield John C. , Beissinger Steven R.
Published: September 2019

Life history theory predicts that physiological and behavioral responsiveness to stress should be delayed in development until the benefits of heightened reactivity outweigh the costs of potentially chronic glucocorticoid levels. Birds often acquire stress‐responsiveness at locomotor independence, however, both stress‐responsiveness and locomotor ability are delayed in birds with altricial developmental strategies. Parrots (Psittacidae) are extremely altricial, but it is not known whether they also postpone physiological responsiveness to stress until locomotor independence. We quantified individual variation in baseline and stress‐induced plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations, the main avian glucocorticoid, in wild green‐rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) of Venezuela at four stages of nestling development. Parrotlet neonates are very underdeveloped and compete for parental care among extreme sibling size hierarchies, a competitive scenario that might benefit from early hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) functionality. Nestlings that underwent a standardized restraint stress‐treatment showed higher average CORT concentrations compared to baseline in all age groups sampled, and exhibited no evidence of age‐related changes in the stress response. This is 2 weeks before locomotor independence and earlier than previously documented for altricial species. Results suggest that precocity of HPA function may be advantageous to growth and survivorship in extremely altricial birds.
Radiographic image interpretation by Australian radiographers: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Andrew , Ekpo Ernest , Steffens Thomas , Neep Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Radiographer image evaluation methods such as the preliminary image evaluation (PIE), a formal comment describing radiographers’ findings in radiological images, are embedded in the contemporary radiographer role within Australia. However, perceptions surrounding both the capacity for Australian radiographers to adopt PIE and the barriers to its implementation are highly variable and seldom evidence‐based. This paper systematically reviews the literature to examine radiographic image interpretation by Australian radiographers and the barriers to implementation.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses were used to systematically review articles via Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Informit. Articles were deemed eligible for inclusion if they were English language, peer‐reviewed and explored radiographic image interpretation by radiographers in the context of the Australian healthcare system. Letters to the editor, opinion pieces, reviews and reports were excluded.

Results

A total of 926 studies were screened for relevance, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 19 articles consisted of 11 cohort studies, seven cross‐sectional surveys and one randomised control trial. Studies exploring radiographers’ image interpretation performance utilised a variety of methodological designs with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 57 to 98%, 45 to 98% and 68 to 98%, respectively. Primary barriers to radiographic image evaluation by radiographers included lack of accessible educational resources and support from both radiologists and radiographers.

Conclusion

Australian radiographers can undertake PIE; however, educational and clinical support barriers limit implementation. Access to targeted education and a clear definition of radiographers’ image evaluation role may drive a wider acceptance of radiographer image evaluation in Australia.
Kinetic Model of Maleic Anhydride Grafting onto Poly(Propylene Carbonate) during Melt Compounding
Authors: Calderón Bárbara A. , Bauer Michel E. , Thompson Conor W. , Sobkowicz Margaret J.
Published: September 2019

The functionalization of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) by means of both free radical and esterification grafting of Maleic anhydride (MAH) aided by a peroxide is simulated by means of a kinetic model. The amount of MAH grafted (Ag) measured from batch mixer trials shows good agreement with the simulated results. Sensitivity analysis of the different rate constants shows that peroxide decomposition is the factor that drives the reaction, meaning that the choice of initiator affects greatly the reaction conversion. The next most dominant reaction is the chain ends esterification. There is a competing effect between chain initiation and side reactions, however, chain initiation is slightly more dominant than the latter. It is also found that higher content of peroxide induces higher Ag. The amount of MAH has a lower impact on Ag at low peroxide concentration; however, it becomes more influential in the presence of more peroxide.
E. E. Just's broad, yet hidden, influence on modern cell and developmental biology
Authors: Byrnes W. Malcolm
Published: September 2019

This year, 2019, marks the centennial of embryologist E. E. Just's discovery of what is known as the fast block to polyspermy. Just's observation of the subtle changes that occur at the egg's surface during fertilization (and in experimental parthenogenesis) led him to postulate that the egg, and indeed every cell, possesses a property he called independent irritability, which represents the cell's ability to respond in a physiologically‐relevant way to a variety of signals or triggers. In this paper, I argue that Just's concept of independent irritability informed his contemporary Johannes Holtfreter as Holtfreter attempted to explain the phenomena of embryonic induction and competence and that Holtfreter, in turn, influenced Marc Kirschner and John Gerhart in their formulation of the theory of facilitated variation. Just's influence is especially evident in Gerhart and Kirschner's presentations of what they call weak linkage—a property of living systems that allows core processes and components to be mixed and matched in different ways to generate novel traits. Unfortunately, the connection between Holtfreter's work and Just's has remained hidden. This paper gives examples of phenomena that exhibit weak linkage, and it lays out the case that Just's concept of independent irritability, through Holtfreter, Gerhart, and Kirschner, has broadly infiltrated modern cell and developmental biology.
A Novel Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Sequential Detection of Aluminium Ion and PPi and Bioimaging in Living Cells
Authors: Luo Xiaohan , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Yong , Xie Xinmei , Yang Li
Published: September 2019

In this study, we have successfully synthesized a novel probe HL by condensation reaction of acetophenone with 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde derivative and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. The probe HL displayed highly selective and sensitive fluorescence “turn on” response as well as naked‐eye color change towards Al3+ in the presence of other competing cations in DMF‐HEPES (5:1, v/v, 10 mM, pH=7.2). The binding mechanisms have been explored though Job's plot, HRMS, 1H NMR and theoretical calculations, which was ascribed to photoinduced electron transfer process (PET) and chelation‐enhanced fluorescence mechanism (CHEF). The ensemble HL‐Al3+ displayed high selectivity to PPi (P2O74−, pyrophosphate) through pulling out Al3+ and releasing free probe HL in physiological conditions. The sensing process was reversible. Furthermore, the cells imaging experiences showed that probe HL could be use as relay on detection of Al3+ and PPi in living PC12 cells.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Amyloid‐β Aggregation Inhibitors
Authors: Oliveri Valentina , Vecchio Graziella
Published: September 2019

The presence of extracellular amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Appropriately functionalized compounds can modulate amyloidogenesis. Here, we report a new class of cyclodextrin (CyD) derivatives rationally designed to improve the Aβ recognition and to modulate its aggregation. In particular, a dimethylamino aromatic moiety was conjugated to βCyD or γCyD to explore how different structural aspects of these derivatives could influence the recognition and the aggregation of Aβ. The conjugation of the Aβ recognition moiety to CyDs resulted in a significant suppression of the self‐assembly propensity of Aβ when the dimethylamino aromatic moiety was attached to the upper rim of βCyD. The activity of the derivatives toward Aβ confirms that the conjugation of CyDs with Aβ recognition moieties may be considered a promising approach for designing new molecules that interfere with Aβ aggregation.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on the 7‐Hydroxy‐4‐Methylcoumarin Synthesis with H‐Beta Zeolite
Authors: Klinyod Sorasak , Boekfa Bundet , Pornsatitworakul Suwapich , Maihom Thana , Jarussophon Nongpanga , Treesukol Piti , Wattanakit Chularat , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: September 2019

Coumarin is an important chemical in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. This work studied the synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin via the Pechmann condensation reaction catalyzed by H‐Beta zeolite catalyst using a combination of experimental and theoretical means. Adsorptions and reactions taking place inside the 34T cluster (T=Si or Al atoms) of H‐Beta zeolite were examined by using density functional theory with the M06‐2X functional. The coumarin synthesis reaction was proposed to be a three‐step mechanism: the transesterification, the intramolecular hydroxyalkylation and the dehydration. The total activation energies for each step were calculated to be 17.8, 3.5 and 13.5 kcal⋅mol−1, respectively. The zeolite framework stabilized the adsorption complexes and decreased the activation barriers for the Pechmann condensation reaction. The synthesis of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin from resorcinol and ethyl acetoacetate on H‐Beta zeolite was experimentally examined without solvent at various conditions. The adsorption of 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin on H‐Beta zeolite was detected by the FT‐IR spectroscopy technique. The experimental activation energy of 6.7 kcal⋅mol−1 agreed very well with the calculated apparent value of 10.6 kcal⋅mol−1. The H‐Beta zeolite can be reused at least four times with persistently high percent yield.
Lanthanide (III) Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Syntheses, Structures and Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Ghosh Shankhamala , De Adhikari Amrita , Nath Jyotishka , Nayak Ganesh C. , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: September 2019

Three new lanthanide‐MOFs, [(TATMB)2Ce2⋅3DMSO‐H2O]⋅7H2O (MOF−Ce), [(TATMB)2Pr2⋅4DMSO]⋅7H2O⋅DMF (MOF−Pr) and [(TATMB)2Nd2⋅3DMSO⋅H2O]⋅6H2O (MOF−Nd) were synthesized by the reaction of hydrated lanthanide salts and 3,3′,3′′‐((1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(azanediyl))tribenzoic acid (H3TATMB) under solvothermal reaction condition. All MOFs were characterized by standard instrumentation techniques, for example, FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, etc. The solid‐state structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. It revealed that all MOFs formed two‐dimensional frameworks by the coordination assisted pathway of ligand molecules and lanthanide(III) ions. All MOFs were investigated as supercapacitor electrode material by using the conventional three‐electrode method by using TEABF4 in acetonitrile as electrolyte. It was observed that MOF−Ce exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 572 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 among all three MOFs. The specific capacitance retention of the material was found to be 81% after successful completion of 5000 charging‐discharging cycles. To the best of our knowledge, the specific capacitance of MOF−Ce is highest reported for lanthanide MOFs without any redox‐active additive until now. Moreover, for the first time, MOF−Ce has been used to fabricate a device, which exhibited significant responses for various LED lights and showed a maximum specific capacitance of 88 Fg−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1.
Children's Literature as Fun‐House Mirrors, Blind Spots, and Curtains
Authors: Gultekin Mehmet , May Laura
Published: September 2019

The authors describe how Middle Eastern Muslims are represented in a text set of award‐winning picture books. Most were written by authors with outsider perspectives who wrote about (a) antiquated times and practices and (b) war‐stricken countries and dangerous journeys. Although most of the books are not problematic on their own, the large number of the same two stories obstruct many other Middle Eastern Muslim representations, creating blind spots for readers. Authentic books about authors’ beliefs, stories remembered from childhood, and connections between the Middle East and the West are also present, although to a much smaller extent. These themes are described and titles listed for classroom use. Ultimately, although children's literature offers the potential to validate readers’ communities and teach about others, it can also create barriers to understanding by only sharing partial stories, obscuring some stories by overrepresenting others, and revealing information that should not be shared.
Low‐Coordinate Monomeric Zinc Hydride Complexes with Encapsulating Dipyrromethene Ligands and Reactivity with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Ballmann Gerd , Martin Johannes , Langer Jens , Färber Christian , Harder Sjoerd
Published: September 2019

The dipyrromethene (DPM) ligand is the key to isolation of monomeric Zn hydride complexes with tricoordinate zinc centers. A range of RDPM ligands with various substituents in the pole position (1,9‐positions) were prepared: R = tBu, adamantyl (Ad), mesityl (Mes), 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (DIPP), 2,4,6‐triphenylphenyl (Mes*), or 9‐anthracenyl (Anth). Reaction of the ligands with Et2Zn gave a series of (RDPM)ZnEt complexes, which were converted with I2 to the corresponding (RDPM)ZnI compounds. The latter reacted by salt metathesis with KN(iPr)HBH3 to the series of Zn hydride complexes (RDPM)ZnH. For ligands with the larger Mes* and Anth substituents, (RDPM)ZnEt was converted to (RDPM)ZnOSiPh3, which after reaction with PhSiH3 gave the hydrides. While Zn hydride complexes with R = tBu or Ad are dimeric, all complexes with aryl‐substituents are monomeric. The aryl groups span a cavity around the metal, blocking dimerization and causing a high‐field shift of the 1H NMR signals due to the ASIS effect. Attempted abstraction of the hydride with B(C6F5)3 led to cleavage of the B‐C6F5 bond.
JOIN trial: treatment outcome and recovery status of peripheral sensory neuropathy during a 3-year follow-up in patients receiving modified FOLFOX6 as adjuvant treatment for stage II/III colon cancer
Authors: Yoshino Takayuki , Kotaka Masahito , Shinozaki Katsunori , Touyama Tetsuo , Manaka Dai , Matsui Takanori , Ishigure Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Junichi , Inoue Keiji , Munemoto Yoshinori , Takagane Akinori , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ishida Hideyuki , Ogata Yutaka , Oba Koji , Goto Koichi , Sakamoto Junichi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Ohtsu Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Adjuvant FOLFOX therapy is an established standard-of-care for resected colon cancer. Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) is regarded as the major toxicity issue related to FOLFOX therapy. There have been a few reports on the recovery status from PSN thereafter. JOIN trial investigated the tolerability and efficacy of adjuvant modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) in Japanese patients with stage II/III colon cancer.

Methods

Twelve cycles of mFOLFOX6 were given to patients with stage II/III curatively resected colon cancer. Treatment outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and recovery status of PSN during 3-year follow-up, were investigated.

Results

Of the 882 patients enrolled from 2010 to 2012, 864 were eligible for the efficacy analyses. Three-year DFS, RFS, and OS were favorable in 92.1, 92.8, and 97.4% of stage II patients; 76.4, 77.9, and 93.8% of stage IIIA/B; and 61.6, 62.7, and 85.9% of stage IIIC, respectively. The cumulative incidence of PSN during treatment was 47.8% in grade 1 (G1), 30.3% in G2, and 5.8% in G3. For those with G3 PSN during treatment, there was gradual recovery in 1.1% of patients at 12 months after enrollment, 0.5% at 24 months, and 0.2% at 36 months. However, G1 or G2 residual PSN after 3 years was observed in 21.0% (18.7%, G1; 2.3%, G2).

Conclusions

Adjuvant mFOLFOX6 therapy was effective and well tolerated in patients with stage II/III colon cancer. Most patients recovered from G3 PSN related to oxaliplatin, but approximately 20% of patients had G1 or G2 PSN at 3-year follow-up.
Monitoring online biomass with a capacitance sensor during scale-up of industrially relevant CHO cell culture fed-batch processes in single-use bioreactors
Authors: Metze S. , Ruhl S. , Greller G. , Grimm C. , Scholz J.
Published: September 2019

In 2004, the FDA published a guideline to implement process analytical technologies (PAT) in biopharmaceutical processes for process monitoring to gain process understanding and for the control of important process parameters. Viable cell concentration (VCC) is one of the most important key performance indicator (KPI) during mammalian cell cultivation processes. Commonly, this is measured offline. In this work, we demonstrated the comparability and scalability of linear regression models derived from online capacitance measurements. The linear regressions were used to predict the VCC and other familiar offline biomass indicators, like the viable cell volume (VCV) and the wet cell weight (WCW), in two different industrially relevant CHO cell culture processes (Process A and Process B). Therefore, different single-use bioreactor scales (50–2000 L) were used to prove feasibility and scalability of the in-line sensor integration. Coefficient of determinations of 0.79 for Process A and 0.99 for Process B for the WCW were achieved. The VCV was described with high coefficients of determination of 0.96 (Process A) and 0.98 (Process B), respectively. In agreement with other work from the literature, the VCC was only described within the exponential growth phase, but resulting in excellent coefficients of determination of 0.99 (Process A) and 0.96 (Process B), respectively. Monitoring these KPIs online using linear regression models appeared to be scale-independent, enabled deeper process understanding (e.g. here demonstrated in monitoring, the feeding profile) and showed the potential of this method for process control.
Internal Fractures After Blasting Confined Rock and Mortar Cylinders
Authors: Kukolj Ivan , Oberdorfer Bernd , Ouchterlony Finn
Published: September 2019

Blast-induced fines in rock negatively influence multiple aspects of raw-mineral sustainability. The Austrian Science Fund (FWF) sponsored a project to investigate the cause of the fines by studying blast fragmentation through small-scale blast tests and numerical simulations. The paper covers the experimental part of the project focusing on internal blast-induced fracturing and related mechanisms. The blast tests were done by blast-loading confined granite and mortar cylinders. The blast-driven dynamic cracking at the end face of the cylinder opposite to the initiation point was filmed with a high-speed camera. Following analyses covered internal crack patterns, fracture surfaces, and sieving of the blasted cylinders to quantify the amount of fine material created. The internal crack patterns and fracture surfaces were analysed by means of computer tomography (CT) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). The CT scans show that the amount of explosive charge affects the changing of the topological features of the crack patterns along the cylinder. They also depict different deformation zones around the blast-hole wall with respect to the blasted material and the amount of charge. Although fracture surfaces of larger fragments do not clearly differ in measured roughness and curvature, the SEM scans of smaller fragments show clear difference in fracture surfaces with respect to the blasted material and the amount of charge. SEM scans of thin sections extracted from the blasted cylinders show different fracture features that could be related to the branching/merging mechanism.
Presumptuous aim attribution, conformity, and the ethics of artificial social cognition
Authors: King Owen C.
Published: September 2019

Imagine you are casually browsing an online bookstore, looking for an interesting novel. Suppose the store predicts you will want to buy a particular novel: the one most chosen by people of your same age, gender, location, and occupational status. The store recommends the book, it appeals to you, and so you choose it. Central to this scenario is an automated prediction of what you desire. This article raises moral concerns about such predictions. More generally, this article examines the ethics of artificial social cognition—the ethical dimensions of attribution of mental states to humans by artificial systems. The focus is presumptuous aim attributions, which are defined here as aim attributions based crucially on the premise that the person in question will have aims like superficially similar people. Several everyday examples demonstrate that this sort of presumptuousness is already a familiar moral concern. The scope of this moral concern is extended by new technologies. In particular, recommender systems based on collaborative filtering are now commonly used to automatically recommend products and information to humans. Examination of these systems demonstrates that they naturally attribute aims presumptuously. This article presents two reservations about the widespread adoption of such systems. First, the severity of our antecedent moral concern about presumptuousness increases when aim attribution processes are automated and accelerated. Second, a foreseeable consequence of reliance on these systems is an unwarranted inducement of interpersonal conformity.
Studies on Bhartṛhari and the Pratyabhijñā: Language, Knowledge and Consciousness
Authors: Ferrante Marco
Published: September 2019

The article examines the impact the grammarian/philosopher Bhartṛhari (460–510) had on the way the ‘School of Recognition’ (Pratyabhijñā, tenth/eleventh c. CE) elaborated the notion that knowledge and consciousness have a close relationship with language. The paper first lays out Bhartṛhari’s ideas, showing that his theses are rationally defensible and philosophically refined. More specifically, it claims that the grammarian is defending a view which is in many respects similar to ‘higher-order theories’ of consciousness advanced by some contemporary philosophers of mind. In the second part, the paper shows how Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta adopted Bhartṛhari’s scheme without significant alteration.
Coping with Work Stressors and Paving the Way for Flow: Challenge and Hindrance Demands, Humor, and Cynicism
Authors: van Oortmerssen Lise A. , Caniëls Marjolein C. J. , van Assen Marcel F.
Published: September 2019

Although the concept of flow at work is increasingly receiving scholarly attention, knowledge about the interaction between challenge and hindrance stress demands in the context of flow is still lacking. Moreover, little is known about the stress-relieving capacity of coping mechanisms in connection to work-related flow. The aim of our study is to investigate whether and how challenge stress demands are related to work-related flow, and whether this relationship is moderated by a three-way interaction between challenge stress demands × hindrance stress demands × use of humor/cynicism. For this study we use survey data from 265 employees of a financial service organization in the Netherlands. Results clearly indicate a positive linear association between challenge demands and work-related flow and a negative association between hindrance demands and flow. Support is found for an interaction effect between challenge and hindrance stress demands, showing that hindrance demands weaken the positive association between challenge demands and work-related flow. Finally, cynicism is found to alter this relationship between work stress demands and work-related flow, increasing the negative effect of hindrance demands and confirming the expected three-way interaction. Results from this study have implications for the theory on work-related flow and advance the challenge-hindrance stressors framework. Insights from this study suggest that managers who wish to foster work-related flow should be alert to the use of cynicism among employees and address organizational issues that cultivate the negative attitude underlying this.
On Stochastic Investigation of Flow Problems Using the Viscous Burgers’ Equation as an Example
Authors: Wahlsten Markus , Nordström Jan
Published: September 2019

We consider a stochastic analysis of non-linear viscous fluid flow problems with smooth and sharp gradients in stochastic space. As a representative example we consider the viscous Burgers’ equation and compare two typical intrusive and non-intrusive uncertainty quantification methods. The specific intrusive approach uses a combination of polynomial chaos and stochastic Galerkin projection. The specific non-intrusive method uses numerical integration by combining quadrature rules and the probability density functions of the prescribed uncertainties. The two methods are compared in terms of error in the estimated variance, computational efficiency and accuracy. This comparison, although not general, provide insight into uncertainty quantification of problems with a combination of sharp and smooth variations in stochastic space. It suggests that combining intrusive and non-intrusive methods could be advantageous.
Growth Drivers of Bakken Oil Well Productivity
Authors: Attanasi E. D. , Freeman P. A.
Published: September 2019

This paper identifies the drivers of the phenomenal growth in productivity in hydraulically fractured horizontal oil wells producing from the middle member of the Bakken Formation in North Dakota. The data show a strong underlying spatial component and somewhat weaker temporal component. Drivers of the spatial component are favorable reservoir conditions. The temporal component of well productivity growth is driven by increasing the number of fracture treatments and by increasing the volume of proppant and injection fluids used on a per fracture treatment basis. Random Forest, a nonparametric modeling procedure often applied in the context of machine learning, is used to identify the relative importance of geologic and well completion factors that have driven the growth in Bakken well productivity. The findings of this study suggest that a significant part of the well productivity increases during the period from 2010 to 2015 has been the result of improved well site selection. For the more recent period, that is, from 2015 through 2017, part of the improved well productivity has resulted from substantial increases in the proppant and injection fluids used per stage and per well.
Strategies to improve patient-reported outcome completion rates in longitudinal studies
Authors: Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , King Madeleine , Möller Sören , Jarden Mary , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Frederiksen Henrik , Gregersen Henrik , Klostergaard Anja , Steffensen Morten Saaby , Pedersen Per Trøllund , Hinge Maja , Frederiksen Mikael , Jensen Bo Amdi , Helleberg Carsten , Mylin Anne Kærsgaard , Abildgaard Niels
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The quality of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data can be compromised by non-response (NR) to scheduled questionnaires, particularly if reasons for NR are related to health problems, which may lead to unintended bias. The aim was to investigate whether electronic reminders and real-time monitoring improve PRO completion rate.

Methods

The population-based study “Quality of life in Danish multiple myeloma patients” is a longitudinal, multicentre study with consecutive inclusion of treatment-demanding newly diagnosed or relapsed patients with multiple myeloma. Education of study nurses in the avoidance of NR, electronic reminders, 7-day response windows and real-time monitoring of NR were integrated in the study. Patients complete PRO assessments at study entry and at 12 follow-up time points using electronic or paper questionnaires. The effect of the electronic reminders and real-time monitoring were investigated by comparison of proportions of completed questionnaires before and after each intervention.

Results

The first 271 included patients were analysed; of those, 249 (85%) chose electronic questionnaires. Eighty-four percent of the 1441 scheduled PRO assessments were completed within the 7-day response window and 11% after real-time monitoring, achieving a final PRO completion rate of 95%. A significant higher proportion of uncompleted questionnaires were completed after the patients had received the electronic reminder and after real-time monitoring.

Conclusions

Electronic reminders and real-time monitoring contributed to a very high completion rate in the study. To increase the quality of PRO data, we propose integrating these strategies in PRO studies, however highlighting that an increase in staff resources is required for implementation.
Behavior of Ga, In, Sn, and Te in Copper Matte Smelting
Authors: Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Klemettinen Lassi , O’Brien Hugh , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: September 2019

The distributions of Ga, In, Sn, and Te between copper-iron mattes and silica-saturated iron silicate slags over a wide range of matte grades 55 to 75 pct Cu were determined at 1300 °C using a gas-phase equilibration-quenching technique and direct phase composition analysis by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Alumina from aluminum, a typical minor element of electric and electronic copper scrap, and lime were adopted as slag modifiers for increasing the trace element recoveries. Gallium and tin were distributed predominantly in the slag, indium preferred sulfide matte at low matte grades and slag at high, whereas tellurium strongly favored the sulfide matte in particular in high matte grades. The slag modifiers alumina and lime had a minor impact on the distribution coefficients of gallium and tin, but for indium and tellurium the distribution coefficients were more strongly affected by the basic oxides. The strong tendencies of tin and tellurium to vaporize at the experimental temperature were confirmed.
Performance comparison of novel chemical agents in improving oil recovery from tight sands through spontaneous imbibition
Authors: Huang Hai , Babadagli Tayfun , Chen Xin , Andy Li Huazhou
Published: September 2019

Tight sands are abundant in nanopores leading to a high capillary pressure and normally a low fluid injectivity. As such, spontaneous imbibition might be an effective mechanism for improving oil recovery from tight sands after fracturing. The chemical agents added to the injected water can alter the interfacial properties, which could help further enhance the oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. This study explores the possibility of using novel chemicals to enhance oil recovery from tight sands via spontaneous imbibition. We experimentally examine the effects of more than ten different chemical agents on spontaneous imbibition, including a cationic surfactant (C12TAB), two anionic surfactants (O242 and O342), an ionic liquid (BMMIM BF4), a high pH solution (NaBO2), and a series of house-made deep eutectic solvents (DES3–7, 9, 11, and 14). The interfacial tensions (IFT) between oil phase and some chemical solutions are also determined. Experimental results indicate that both the ionic liquid and cationic surfactant used in this study are detrimental to spontaneous imbibition and decrease the oil recovery from tight sands, even though cationic surfactant significantly decreases the oil–water IFT while ionic liquid does not. The high pH NaBO2 solution does not demonstrate significant effect on oil recovery improvement and IFT reduction. The anionic surfactants (O242 and O342) are effective in enhancing oil recovery from tight sands through oil–water IFT reduction and emulsification effects. The DESs drive the rock surface to be more water-wet, and a specific formulation (DES9) leads to much improvement on oil recovery under counter-current imbibition condition. This preliminary study would provide some knowledge about how to optimize the selection of chemicals for improving oil recovery from tight reservoirs.
A fast and robust kernel optimization method for core–periphery detection in directed and weighted graphs
Authors: Tudisco Francesco , Higham Desmond J.
Published: September 2019

Many graph mining tasks can be viewed as classification problems on high dimensional data. Within this class we consider the issue of discovering core-periphery structure, which has wide applications in the economic and social sciences. In contrast to many current approaches, we allow for weighted and directed edges and we do not assume that the overall network is connected. Our approach extends recent work on a relevant relaxed nonlinear optimization problem. In the directed, weighted setting, we derive and analyze a globally convergent iterative algorithm. We also relate the algorithm to a maximum likelihood reordering problem on an appropriate core-periphery random graph model. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm on a large scale directed email network.
Feature-enriched author ranking in incomplete networks
Authors: Silva Jorge , Aparício David , Silva Fernando
Published: September 2019

Evaluating scientists based on their scientific production is a controversial topic. Nevertheless, bibliometrics and algorithmic approaches can assist traditional peer review in numerous tasks, such as attributing research grants, deciding scientific committees, or choosing faculty promotions. Traditional bibliometrics rank individual entities (e.g., researchers, journals, faculties) without looking at the whole data (i.e., the whole network). Network algorithms, such as PageRank, have been used to measure node importance in a network, and have been applied to author ranking. However, traditional PageRank only uses network topology and ignores relevant features of scientific collaborations. Multiple extensions of PageRank have been proposed, more suited for author ranking. These methods enrich the network with information about the author’s productivity or the venue and year of the publication/citation. Most state-of-the-art (STOA) feature-enriched methods either ignore or do not combine effectively this information. Furthermore, STOA algorithms typically disregard that the full network is not known for most real-world cases.Here we describe OTARIOS, an author ranking method recently developed by us, which combines multiple publication/citation criteria (i.e., features) to evaluate authors. OTARIOS divides the original network into two subnetworks,insidersandoutsiders, which is an adequate representation of citation networks with missing information. We evaluate OTARIOS on a set of five real networks, each with publications in distinct areas of Computer Science, and compare it against STOA methods. When matching OTARIOS’ produced ranking with a ground-truth ranking (comprised of best paper award nominations), we observe that OTARIOS is >30%more accurate than traditional PageRank (i.e., topology based method) and >20%more accurate than STOA (i.e., competing feature enriched methods). We obtain the best results when OTARIOS considers (i) the author’s publication volume and publication recency, (ii) how recently the author’s work is being cited by outsiders, and (iii) how recently the author’s work is being cited by insiders and how individual he is. Our results showcase (a) the importance of efficiently combining relevant features and (b) how to adequately perform author ranking in incomplete networks.
Kelvin–Helmholtz billows above Richardson number
Authors: Parker J. P. , Caulfield C. P. , Kerswell R. R.
Published: September 2019

We study the dynamical system of a two-dimensional, forced, stratified mixing layer at finite Reynolds number $Re$, and Prandtl number $Pr=1$. We consider a hyperbolic tangent background velocity profile in the two cases of hyperbolic tangent and uniform background buoyancy stratifications, in a domain of fixed, finite width and height. The system is forced in such a way that these background profiles are a steady solution of the governing equations. As is well known, if the minimum gradient Richardson number of the flow, $Ri_{m}$, is less than a certain critical value $Ri_{c}$, the flow is linearly unstable to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in both cases. Using Newton–Krylov iteration, we find steady, two-dimensional, finite-amplitude elliptical vortex structures – i.e. ‘Kelvin–Helmholtz billows’ – existing above $Ri_{c}$. Bifurcation diagrams are produced using branch continuation, and we explore how these diagrams change with varying $Re$. In particular, when $Re$ is sufficiently high we find that finite-amplitude Kelvin–Helmholtz billows exist when $Ri_{m}>1/4$ for the background flow, which is linearly stable by the Miles–Howard theorem. For the uniform background stratification, we give a simple explanation of the dynamical system, showing the dynamics can be understood on a two-dimensional manifold embedded in state space, and demonstrate the cases in which the system is bistable. In the case of a hyperbolic tangent stratification, we also describe a new, slow-growing, linear instability of the background profiles at finite $Re$, which complicates the dynamics.
Isogeometric Analysis of the Dual Boundary Element Method for the Laplace Problem With a Degenerate Boundary
Authors: Kao J. H. , Chen K. H. , Chen J. T. , Kuo S. R.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we develop the isogeometric analysis of the dual boundary element method (IGA-DBEM) to solve the potential problem with a degenerate boundary. The non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS) based functions are employed to interpolate the geometry and physical function. To deal with the rank-deficiency problem due to the degenerate boundary, the hypersingular integral equation is introduced to promote the full rank for the influence matrix in the dual BEM. Finally, three numerical examples are given to verify the accuracy of our proposed method. Both circular and square domains subjected to the Dirichlet boundary condition are considered. The engineering problem containing a degenerate boundary is considered, e.g., a seepage flow problem with a sheet pile. Numerical results of the IGA-DBEM agree well with these of the exact solution and the original dual boundary element method.