bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Discontinuing Ready-to-Use Multi-Chamber Bag Parenteral Nutrition Secondary to High Serum Electrolyte Levels
Authors: Hakeam Hakeam , Alsemari Muhannad , Mohamed Gamal , Alshahrani Asma , Islami Muna
Published: November 2022

Background: Multi-chamber bag with electrolytes (MCB-E) parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations are gaining acceptance for nutritional support for safety and economic advantages. However, their use is hampered by serum electrolyte abnormalities. No data exist regarding MCB-E PN interruption due to high serum electrolyte levels. We assessed the rate of MCB-E PN discontinuation in surgical patients secondary to persistently high serum electrolyte levels. Methods: This prospective, cohort study included surgical patients (aged ≥18 years) who received MCB-E PN at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Riyadh, from February 28, 2020, until August 30, 2021. Patients were followed for 30-day for the discontinuation of MCB-E PN secondary to persistent hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, or hypernatremia for two consecutive days. The association of discontinuing MCB-E PN with various factors was assessed using univariable and multivariable Poisson regression analysis. Results: Seventy-two patients were enrolled in the study, 55 (76.4%) completed MCB-E PN, whereas 17 (23.6%) patients discontinued MCB-E PN due to a persistent hyperphosphatemia (n = 13, 18%) and persistent hyperkalemia (n = 4, 5.5%). Hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia were observed at a median of 9 (IQR 6-15) days and 9.5 (IQR 7-12) days of MCB-E PN support, respectively. According to adjusted multivariable analysis, developing an episode of hyperphosphatemia or hyperkalemia was associated with MCB-E PN discontinuation (RR 6.62, 1.95-22.49; P = .002) and (RR 4.73, 1.30-17.24; P = .018), respectively. Conclusion: In surgical patients receiving short-term MCB-E PN, developing hyperphosphatemia was the most frequent high electrolyte abnormality assocaited with MCB-E PN discontinuation, followed by hyperkalemia.
The Suicidal Process and the Role of Negative Emotions in Suicidal Behavior: A Phenomenological Study Among the Baganda
Authors: Kanyange Christine Tusaba , Saetnan Ann R.
Published: November 2022

This article is part of a phenomenological study that aimed at exploring the meanings of Deliberate Self-Harm among the Baganda in Uganda. It describes the suicidal process and the role of negative emotions among the Baganda involved in potentially suicidal self-harm behavior. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 respondents (5 males and 13 females) aged 18–75 years who had engaged in self-harm. A case by case analysis was done using descriptive phenomenological method. The details of the narratives are described using the “suicidal process approach” proposed by van Heeringens. Comparing the narratives, we observed that most individuals found themselves unable to manage their negative emotions and for some, this situation persisted through multiple episodes. Hence, one of the suicide prevention strategy is to emphasize emotional regulation skills like self-awareness, being mindful and self-compassion in all forms of psychotherapy intervention at all levels.
Disability, Social Class and Stigma: An Intersectional Analysis of Disabled Young People’s School Experiences
Authors: Chatzitheochari Stella , Butler-Rees Angharad
Published: November 2022

Recent decades have witnessed a renewed interest in stigma and its effects on life-course trajectories of disabled people. However, sociological narratives largely adopt monolithic understandings of disability, neglecting contextual meanings of different impairments and conditions and their intersections with other ascriptive inequalities, which may be consequential for exposure to stigma. Our article provides an intersectional analysis of disabled young people’s lived experiences of stigma in mainstream school settings. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 35 autistic, dyslexic and/or physically disabled students, we show that stigmatisation is contingent on social class background, which affects students’ location within the school. We also find substantial variation in experiences of stigma between and within sub-categories of conditions/impairments, as a consequence of the perceived distance from normative ideals of skills and behaviour attached to individuals in school settings. Our findings highlight the importance of intersectional analyses of stigma, challenging universalised views about stigmatised disabled people.
Christianity and the threat of relativism
Authors: Trigg Roger
Published: November 2022

Developments in philosophy over the last 50 years have had an increasing effect on conventional opinion. In particular, relativist tendencies link truth not to an independent reality, but to the judgement of individual or society. Christianity, however, needs to look to a transcendent God, as Creator, so that this is God’s world. Without the concept of a truth that is to be discovered, not constructed, by humans, all possibility of reason is destroyed, and the use of force to achieve agreement becomes the likely alternative.
Media Trust and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Short-Term Trust Changes, Their Ideological Drivers and Consequences in Switzerland
Authors: Adam Silke , Urman Aleksandra , Arlt Dorothee , Gil-Lopez Teresa , Makhortykh Mykola , Maier Michaela
Published: November 2022

We analyze short-term media trust changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, their ideological drivers and consequences based on panel data in German-speaking Switzerland. We thereby differentiate trust in political information from different types of traditional and non-traditional media. COVID-19 serves as a natural experiment, in which citizens’ media trust at the outbreak of the crisis is compared with the same variables after the severe lockdown measures were lifted. Our data reveal that (1) media trust is consequential as it is associated with people’s willingness to follow Covid-19 regulations; (2) media trust changes during the pandemic, with trust levels for most media decreasing, with the exception of public service broadcasting; (3) trust losses are hardly connected to ideological divides in Switzerland. Our findings highlight that public service broadcasting plays an exceptional role in the fight against a pandemic and that contrary to the US, no partisan trust divide occurs.
Acceptance and Compassion-Based Therapy Targeting Shame in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Study
Authors: Linde Johanna , Luoma Jason B. , Rück Christian , Ramnerö Jonas , Lundgren Tobias
Published: November 2022

Shame is considered central in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and empirical accounts highlight the link between shame and BDD symptoms as well as common negative psychosocial effects of the disorder, yet there is a lack of interventions addressing shame in this context. In the past decade, Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and interventions that foster self-compassion have shown promise for reducing the negative effects of shame in a range of clinical problems. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an acceptance and compassion-based treatment specifically targeting shame in BDD. Using a randomized nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, the 12-session intervention, ACT with Compassion (ACTwC), was examined in a psychiatric outpatient sample of five adults diagnosed with BDD. The daily ratings showed marked reductions in BDD-behaviors and self-criticism at posttreatment for four of five participants, while three participants demonstrated decreases in body shame compared to baseline. Improvements were maintained at 6-months follow-up. The intervention also led to reliable long-term improvements in general shame, overall BDD-symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life for four of five participants. All treatment responders showed significant gains in psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Participants reported high credibility and satisfaction with the treatment. These preliminary results suggest that ACTwC may be a promising approach to treating shame in BDD, worthy of further investigation.
A Retrospective Consecutive Controlled Case Series of Underspoon: A Modified-Bolus Placement to Address Behavior That Interfere With Swallowing
Authors: McMahon Meara X. H. , Hathaway Kristin L. , Hodges Abby K. , Sharp William G. , Volkert Valerie M.
Published: November 2022

Children diagnosed with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) or avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may present with comorbid oral-motor delays that often contribute to their failure to consume an adequate volume and/or variety of foods. Once the food enters the mouth, these children may exhibit additional problematic behavior such as expulsion and packing that further averts oral intake. Previous research has evaluated the impact of modified-bolus placement methods, including flipped spoon and NUK® brush, in comparison to upright spoon on expulsion and packing. Whether responses are due to performance or skill deficits, researchers hypothesize that modified-bolus placement may assist with reducing the response effort associated with swallowing. This retrospective consecutive controlled case series assessed the clinical application of an additional modified-bolus placement method, underspoon, to increase food consumption and decrease problematic behavior that interfere with mouth clean for children with PFD or ARFID.
Slope Identification and Decision Making: A Comparison of Linear and Ratio Graphs
Authors: Kubina Richard M. , King Seth A. , Halkowski Madeline , Quigley Shawn , Kettering Tracy
Published: November 2022

Applied behavior analysts have traditionally relied on visual analysis of graphic data displays to determine the extent of functional relations between variables and guide treatment implementation. The present study assessed the influence of graph type on behavior analysts’ ( n = 51) ratings of trend magnitude, treatment decisions based on changes in trend, and their confidence in decision making. Participants examined simulated data presented on linear graphs featuring equal-interval scales as well as graphs with ratio scales (i.e., multiply/divide or logarithmic vertical axis) and numeric indicators of celeration. Standard rules for interpreting trends using each display accompanied the assessment items. Results suggested participants maintained significantly higher levels of agreement on evaluations of trend magnitude and treatment decisions and reported higher levels of confidence in making decisions when using ratio graphs. Furthermore, decision making occurred most efficiently with ratio charts and a celeration value. The findings have implications for research and practice.
Can the Fenestrated Anaconda™ salvage failed competitor endografts? An international frame of reference
Authors: Jubouri Matti , Surkhi Abdelaziz O. , Tan Sven Z.C.P. , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad
Published: November 2022

Introduction

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening abnormal dilation of the abdominal aorta that can be repaired either endovascularly or with open surgery. However, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the main treatment modality for AAA due to its more optimal results. EVAR devices can either be standard, fenestrated, or branched, with fenestrated EVAR (FEVAR) seemingly achieving superior prospects. Although EVAR is associated with excellent outcomes, it still carries a risk of certain complications requiring reintervention or ‘rescue’. Several commercial EVAR devices are available on the global market, nevertheless, the Fenestrated Anaconda developed by Terumo Aortic can be considered the superior device due to the wide range of endovascular solutions that it offers along with its unique custom-made approach, excellent results and its highly promising potential to be used as a ‘rescue’ device for failed competitor endografts.

Materials and methods

The current study represents a 9-year cross-sectional international analysis of a custom-made Fenestrated Anaconda™ device. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 28 for Windows and R were utilised. Pearson Chi-square analysis was used to assess differences in cumulative distribution frequencies between select variables. Statistical significance for all two-tailed tests was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Out of 5058 EVARs performed using the Fenestrated Anaconda, 2987 (59%) were ‘rescue’ procedures for migrated Gore ( n = 252) and Medtronic ( n = 2735) devices. The Fenestrated Anaconda™ was indicated as the reintervention device either due to unsuitable/complex anatomy for the competitor ( n = 2411) or based on surgeon preference ( n = 576). Overall, the Fenestrated Anaconda was utilised to rescue 3466 (68.5%) failed previous EVARs using competitor devices. Yet, the primary endovascular solution offered by the Fenestrated Anaconda was FEVAR (91.3%), with 112 (2.2%) devices using custom-made iliac stents.

Discussion

The use of the Fenestrated Anaconda endograft as a ‘rescue’ device to salvage failed competitor devices is well-established in the literature with excellent clinical outcomes achieved. The evidence in the literature also highlights the distinctive custom-made approach that the Fenestrated Anaconda offers which enables it to treat extremely complex aortic anatomy.
Children’s informal music learning: A phenomenological inquiry
Authors: Derges Julie D.
Published: November 2022

Children’s informal music-making has been studied in a variety of contexts outside of school, but few researchers have examined this type of learning in elementary music classes. The purpose of this phenomenological inquiry was to explore the lived experience of 13 children with informal music learning in an elementary school in the U.S. Individual interviews, focus group interviews, and field notes were collected and analyzed using van Manen’s process for hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry. The data revealed the following themes: freedom to choose, making it their own, exploring their musical identities, and critical reflection. Key elements of the essence include interactions with friends, embodied music making, personal validation, and the encouragement of future musical opportunities. The discussion provides suggestions for music educators to facilitate informal music learning experiences and implications for future research with elementary students.
Discovering Factors that Influence the Use of Augmented Reality for Communication on Active Highway Construction Sites
Authors: Kassis Rita El , Ayer Steven K. , Asmar Mounir El , Tang Pingbo
Published: November 2022

The construction industry requires effective communication between project stakeholders in various locations. This communication can be facilitated by in-person site visits or phone calls. However, these methods can lead to wasted travel time or the omission of critical visual site details, respectively. In theory, augmented reality (AR) can support consistent understandings of site environments in a similar way to in-person visits but with the efficiency of phone calls. However, most studies exploring AR for communication in construction have done so in controlled environments. This work investigates the efficacy of AR calls in uncontrolled settings (i.e., active construction sites) by interviewing and recording practitioners who are using AR, to identify behaviors and perceptions that influence communication efficiency and effectiveness. The authors conducted qualitative analyses and identified 14 factors that can affect information exchanges between professionals using AR. The factors found in this study include: virtual manipulation; visual aids; shared action plan; hands-free operation; decision-making; site interaction; working remotely; repetition; locomotion; performing different job types; device discomfort; background noise; lighting conditions; and disconnection in hardware physical and feature components. Some factors represent beneficial opportunities for AR, while others pose challenges. Some of the identified challenges may be resolved through technological innovations and user training, as discussed in the paper. Furthermore, this work provides evidence of factors for which current AR technologies are sufficiently developed to guide near-term implementation in practice.
Women’s Employment and Intimate Partner Violence: Understanding the Role of Individual and Community Structural Drivers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Bourey Christine , Bass Judith , Stephenson Rob
Published: November 2022

Empirical findings on the relationship between women’s employment and intimate partner violence (IPV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are mixed. These varied findings may arise because research thus far has given insufficient attention to how individual attributes and community context shape the pathways between women’s employment and IPV. Using publicly available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 20 LMIC settings ( n = 168,995), we investigate (1) how women’s employment is associated with past-year IPV and (2) if associations differ by household- or community-level structural drivers of IPV: women’s attitudes toward IPV, women’s participation in household decision-making, and relative wealth. We fit mixed-effects logistic regression models exploring the total, individual, community, and contextual effects of women’s employment on past-year IPV; effect measure modification by structural drivers; and cross-level interactions between community-level structural drivers and individual employment. Our analyses reveal positive associations between total (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31; 95% CI [1.27, 1.35]), individual (OR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.19, 1.27]), community (OR = 1.06; 95% CI [1.06, 1.07]), and contextual effects (OR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.03, 1.05]) of women’s employment for IPV. Only individual wealth demonstrated statistically significant effect measure modification for the relationship between individual employment and past-year IPV (ratio of OR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]). These findings suggest interventions that focus only on increasing women’s employment may be associated with harmful increases in the occurrence of IPV, even when these interventions enable a large proportion of women in a community to be employed. Structural interventions that change norms of women’s autonomy or attitudes toward IPV at the household or community levels may be insufficient to ameliorate these negative effects, whereas interventions that increase household wealth partly may buffer these effects.
Assessing Racial Disparities in Homicide Sentencing: Findings From Brazil
Authors: Testa Alexander , Santos Mateus Rennó , Ribeiro Ludmila , Hartley Richard
Published: November 2022

Over the past four decades, hundreds of studies have examined the presence of racial disparities in criminal punishment. The bulk of this research has been conducted in the United States and a few other western democracies, with limited research assessing the presence of racial disparities in criminal sentencing for homicides in South America. Using information gathered via original data collection on homicide cases from five different capital cities in Brazil, the current study examines two criminal court outcomes: whether a defendant was convicted and the length of sentence. Findings reveal the absence of racial disparities in conviction decisions, even though Black and Brown defendants received longer sentence lengths. Supplementary analyses show racial disparities in sentence length are most pronounced when the homicide victim was White. Implications for studying court outcomes in international contexts are discussed.
From bureaucratic administration to effective intervention: Comparing early governmental responses to the COVID-19 virus across East Asian and western health systems
Authors: Liu Yu , Saltman Richard B , Yeh Ming-Jui
Published: November 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 created dangerous public health conditions which pressured governments and health systems to respond in a rapid and effective manner. However, this type of rapid response required many governments to bypass standing; bureaucratic structures of health sector administration and political governance to quickly take; essential measures against a rapidly evolving public health threat. Each government’s particular; configuration of governmental and health system decision-making created specific structural and functional challenges to these necessary centrally developed and coordinated strategies. Most East Asian governments (except Japan) succeeded relatively quickly in centralizing essential disease control and treatment initiatives in a timely manner. In contrast, a number of European countries, especially those with predominantly tax-based financing and politically managed health delivery systems, had greater difficulty in escaping bureaucratic governance and management constraints. Drawing on data about these governments’ early stage COVID-19 control experiences, this article suggests that structural changes will be necessary if low-performing governments are to better respond to a pandemic. This paper also summarizes other relatively successful strategies. By adopting such strategies, nations can help overcome structural bureaucratic and administrative obstacles in responding to further waves of COVID-19 or similar future pandemic events.
Mechanical property and microstructural evaluation of friction stir welded AA8090 T87 aluminium alloy
Authors: Shyamlal Chandrasekaran , Rajesh Shanmugavel , Saravana Sankar Subramaniam , Winowlin Jappes Jebas Thangiah
Published: November 2022

The aerospace alloy AA8090 T87 was friction stir welded with varying traverse speeds of 30 and 70 mm/min at rotation speeds of 900 and 1100 r/min to realize the effect of traverse speed and rotation speed on the joint strength. This variation in the rotation and traverse speeds produced variation in the thermal cycle in the weld joint that altered the microstructure of the stir zone and morphology of the grains. The increase in the rotational speed from 900 to 1100 r/min at 30 mm/min increased the grain size from 4.1 µm to 7.8 µm in the stir zone which was evident from the microscopy images and Schmid factor maps and contributed to the mechanical property changes. The increase in traverse speed from 30 to 70 mm/min has led to the hardness improvement and reduction in grain size in the stir zone. The nature of the fracture observed in the stir zone is ductile fracture having more dimples. An effective joint was produced at 900 r/min rotational speed and 30 mm/min traverse speed.
Mechanical characterization of kenaf/glass fibre hybrid composite laminates: An experimental and numerical approach
Authors: Mohapatra Deepak K , Deo Chitta R , Mishra Punyapriya , Ekka Kiran K , Mishra Chandrakanta
Published: November 2022

The potentials of natural fibre encourage researchers to shift their interest from synthetic fibre. Numerous works have been done on the effective use of several natural fibres in manufacturing composites for automotive and structural applications. In the current investigation, effort has been made to evaluate the effect of the addition of glass fibre and influence of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of kenaf-/glass-reinforced hybrid composite laminates. Hybrid laminates with five different stacking sequences were fabricated by using hand layup technique. After curing, the fabricated composite laminates were cut to the dimension as per ASTM standard. Different tests have been carried out to determine tensile strength, flexural strength, and micro-hardness of fabricated laminates. Based on the findings, a sharp increase in mechanical properties is observed due to addition of glass fibre. Laminate with four layers of kenaf fibre shows minimum values of tensile strength, flexural strength and micro-hardness values. On subsequent addition of glass layer to the laminates, an increase in tensile strength from 35.78 to 166.38 MPa, flexural strength from 42.91 MPa to 155.83 MPa and micro-hardness value from 11.51 to 20.84 HV are reflected. To validate the experimental findings, numerical analysis has been made by using ANSYS R19.0 software. On comparison of experimental and numerical values, the deviation of the result is limited to 3%–12%. The morphology of fracture surfaces is also studied by using scanning electron microscope.
Goals, challenges and strategies for wound and bleeding management in total knee arthroplasty: A modified Delphi method
Authors: Lyons Matthew , Nunley Ryan M , Ahmed Shokri Amran , Doneley Tyson , Han Hyuk-Soo , Harato Kengo , Kuwasawa Ayano , Lee Dae-Hee , Qi Xin , Qian Wenwei , Ratanachai Siripong , Wang Weijun , Po-Han Chen Brian , Danker Walter
Published: November 2022

Background

Surgical techniques related to soft tissue management play critical roles in optimizing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite the importance of wound closure and bleeding management approaches, no published guidelines/consensus are available.

Methods

Twelve orthopedic surgeons participated in a modified Delphi panel consisting of 2 parts (each part comprising two rounds) from September–October 2018. Questionnaires were developed based on published evidence and guidelines on surgical techniques/materials. Questionnaires were administered via email (Round 1) or at a face-to-face meeting (subsequent rounds). Panelists ranked their agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. Consensus was achieved if ≥70% of panelists selected 4/5, or 1/2. Statements not reaching consensus in Round 1 were discussed and repeated or modified in Round 2. Statements not reaching consensus in Round 2 were excluded from the final consensus framework.

Results

Consensus was reached on 13 goals of wound management. Panelists agreed on 38 challenges and 71 strategies addressing surgical techniques or wound closure materials for each tissue layer, and management strategies for blood loss reduction or deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in TKA. Statements on closure of capsular and skin layers, wound irrigation, dressings and drains required repeat voting or modification to reach consensus.

Conclusion

Consensus from Asia-Pacific TKA experts highlights the importance of wound management in optimizing TKA outcomes. The consensus framework provides a basis for future research, guidance to reduce variability in patient outcomes, and can help inform recommendations for wound management in TKA.
Dynamic behavior of a magnetorheological fluid radial-flow-based energy absorber considering apparent slip boundary condition
Authors: Li Zhuqiang , Fu Benyuan , Liao Changrong
Published: November 2022

Accurate theoretical models play a key role in the development of magnetorheological energy absorbers (MREAs). Traditionally, the apparent slip caused by non-uniformity interface (i.e., the separation of carrier fluid and magnetic particles at the wall) of the working medium is often ignored for simplifying theoretical models. However, the apparent slip influence the cross-sectional flow and decreased the theoretical accuracy of the damping force for MREA applied in the impact absorption area. In this study, a dynamic model with apparent slip boundary condition for radial-flow-based MREA was proposed. The effect of apparent slip layer thickness on the dynamic behavior of an MREA was qualitatively and quantitatively compared in terms of the following three aspects: (1) with the Power-Law constitutive model, theoretical models of the dynamic characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid (MRF) squeeze and MREA are presented based on the apparent slip boundary condition with the MRF behavior of the Navier–Stokes equation; (2) the accuracy of the theoretical model to predict MREA peak force and boundary velocity with different slip-layer thicknesses; and (3) global agreement of the dynamic force and range curves between the modeling and experimental results. The results show that the absolute values of the relative errors in the two models with a 2- and 0-µm thick slip layer were less than 3.73 and 7.41%, respectively, and that a 2-µm thickness can help predict the actual dynamic characteristic more efficiently under accidental collision loading conditions.
Aligning Leadership Education: Linking Interpersonal Skills Development to Business Needs
Authors: Fulmore Julia A. , Olson Jude , Maellaro Rosemary
Published: November 2022

A disconnect has long existed between what is typically taught in management education programs and what real-world organizations seek in their leadership candidates, particularly regarding interpersonal skills. Primary complaints from the business community revolve around issues of curriculum relevance and delivery methodologies that do not facilitate the transfer of skills learned in the classroom to the workplace. A review of the literature yields very few examples of business programs that have added courses, or topics within existing courses, that address interpersonal skills. We describe a graduate-level course designed to intentionally develop interpersonal skills to meet the needs of local hiring managers, maximize organizational outcomes, and enhance leaders’ career opportunities. The course is delivered via active, experiential instructional methodologies to facilitate the transfer of new knowledge and skills to the workplace. A pre- and post-test comparison of students’ results on a competency-based behavioral model of emotional intelligence showed an increase in students’ scores, indicating that the course has been effective in developing students’ practical interpersonal skills. This article describes the fundamental design and delivery elements of this successful leadership course that can be replicated and implemented at other universities to more effectively align what students learn with what organizations need.
Does Distraction Lower Risk of VPI Compared to Conventional Maxillary Advancement? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Adolescents with Cleft Palate
Authors: Kinter Sara , Susarla Srinivas , Delaney Joseph Christopher , Chapman Kathy , Kapadia Hitesh , Weiss Noel
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine whether method of maxillary advancement in adolescents with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L) influences post-operative velopharyngeal function.

Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital.

Participants

One hundred and ninety-nine patients with CP ± L after LeFort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement at our institution between January 2007 and June 2019.

Interventions

LeFort I osteotomy via distraction osteogenesis (DO) or conventional osteotomy (CO).

Main Outcome Measures

Patients who underwent DO or CO were compared for the presence of new velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), as measured by perceptual rating by a craniofacial speech-language pathologist.

Of the 199 patients who underwent maxillary advancement, 126 were available for analysis. The DO group was younger, male, and had more severe maxillary hypoplasia. Following surgery, 17/41 (41.5%) of the DO group had new VPI, compared to just 23/85 (27.1%) of the CO group. After adjusting for cleft type and predicted maxillary advancement, however, there was not sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no difference in risk of post-operative VPI between the two surgical groups (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.40, 95% CI 0.68-2.90). Increased prevalence of VPI after DO versus CO was primarily observed among patients with a pre-operative velopharyngeal need ratio < 0.8 (PR = 2.01, 95% CI 0.79-5.10) and patients with normal velopharyngeal function pre-operatively (PR = 2.86, 95% CI 0.96-8.50).

Our results suggest an increased rather than decreased risk of VPI following DO relative to CO. This association is primarily seen among those with a smaller velopharyngeal ratio or perceptually normal velopharyngeal function pre-operatively.
Dermal Matrix Graft Effects on Facial Growth in a Veau–Wardill–Kilner Palatoplasty Model: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Zanin Eduardo Madalosso , Arpini Nícolas Endrigo , Roth Julia Caletti , Avalos Galo Verdugo , Duarte Daniele Walter , Martins Collares Marcus Vinicius
Published: November 2022

The primary goal of palatoplasty is the restoration of normal speech, that can be aimed by, among many procedures, lengthening the palate through the pushback technique; one of its complications is abnormal maxillary growth. The main factor affecting facial growth in CLP patients is believed by many to be the palatoplasty—due to the large scar retraction resulting from some surgical techniques. The non-crosslinked two-layer bioabsorbable collagen matrix Mucograft™ (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) is a potential tool to aid in wound closure in a second-intention healing situation.

The objective of this work was to test the use of an acellular dermal matrix (Mucograft®) in an experimental model of Veau–Wardill–Kilner palatoplasty, as a tool to reduce scar retraction of the denuded palatine mucosa.

Twenty-four 3-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group, an excision was made with bone exposure in the palate, simulating the defect left in the Veau–Wardill–Kilner palatoplasty. In the intervention group, the same procedure was performed, and the area of denuded palatine bone was treated with a bioabsorbable collagen matrix (Mucograft®). For data collection, 9 weeks after surgery (12 weeks of life), the animals were euthanized by excessive anesthetic dosage. Maxillary growth, macroscopic appearance of the scar, pain, and bleeding were evaluated.

There were significant statistical differences between the groups for palate length growth (7.6 mm + −0.38 mm vs 5.5 mm + −0.36 mm, P = .009) and for palate width growth (1.47 mm + −0.8 mm vs −0.09 mm + −0.55 mm, P = .001), favoring dermal matrix group compared to controls. Whereas for pain and bleeding, there were no differences between the groups.

The use of dermal matrix in rats with an area of bone denudation on the palate increases maxillary length and width growth patterns. Besides, it does not increase pain, bleeding, or post-operative complications.
Do Countries Really Deviate from the Optimal Tax System?
Authors: Sepulveda Cristian F.
Published: November 2022

One of the main goals of the literature on optimal tax systems is to reduce the gap between the highly stylized theory of optimal taxation and the practice of fiscal policy reform. Unfortunately, however, we know little about the extent to which the international experience follows the policy prescriptions derived from economic theory, or how those policy prescriptions would change with economic development. Based on the standard theory of optimal tax systems, this paper predicts the possible effects of economic development on the optimal level and composition of tax revenue and empirically tests these predictions with yearly data on three tax instruments from countries at different stages of development. In average, as countries develop, they are shown to collect more tax revenue and switch from regressive tax instruments like the value added tax, to more progressive taxes that become more productive with development, like the personal and corporate income taxes.
Media literacy education through an online space: co-designing of a participative website in media literacy for teachers
Authors: Alehpour Mania , Melin Margareta , Talaee Ebrahim
Published: November 2022

This study applies a participatory design approach including the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a participative website in media literacy for Iranian teachers. In the design cycle, we utilized collaboration with Iranian teachers formulating basic inceptive design in three workshops identifying needs and requirements in media literacy. The development process was through paper-based prototyping of design components of the website by participants embodying particular design guidelines and ideated design concepts for the website. In the implementation step, the website was launched based on guidelines and prototypes taken from participants in the workshops. The website was evaluated by teachers based on four factors including being educational, facilitating networking, being engaging, and user-friendly. The result of this research informs researchers about the benefit of a participatory design approach to design a platform in media literacy for teachers. We argue that the process of applying participatory design and the design components prototyped by teachers for designing a website in media literacy can be a guide for researchers and all other agents who are active in media literacy education.
Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults
Authors: Ferenc Kinga , Płatos Mateusz , Byrka Katarzyna , Król Magdalena Ewa
Published: November 2022

Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults ( n = 109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being.

Lay abstract

Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being.
Moral judgements in a foreign language: Expressing emotions and justifying decisions
Authors: Kyriakou Andreas , Foucart Alice , Mavrou Irini
Published: November 2022

Aim:

Previous evidence suggests that language influences bilinguals’ moral judgements. One explanation for this phenomenon is that using a second language (L2) attenuates emotional arousal, thus leading to more rational decisions. This study examined whether bilinguals’ moral arguments and emotional vocabulary are influenced by the language – first language (L1) or L2 – in which a moral dilemma is presented.

Methodology and data analysis:

A mixed-methods design was employed. We analysed the emotional vocabulary used by 204 Spanish-English bilinguals when making moral judgements and expressing their emotions in response to a highly emotional moral dilemma, as well as the type of arguments they employed to justify their moral decisions in L1 and L2.

Findings:

The participants were more emotional in their L1, as reflected in the arguments they used to justify their decisions. This finding was supported by a significantly lower number of emotional words in their L2. Moreover, the effect of language on moral judgements was mediated by the participants’ emotions.

Originality:

This study is the first to qualitatively examine the types of arguments underlying bilinguals’ moral decision-making in their L1 and in their L2. Moreover, the analysis of verbal emotional expressions in relation to moral decisions adds to the findings of previous research that was based almost exclusively on forced-choice measures and further supports the hypothesis that the reduction of emotional arousal in an L2 modulates individuals’ moral judgements.

Implications:

The results have implications for L2 teaching and pedagogy. The L2 curriculum should include instruction in emotional vocabulary and should engage learners in discussions that require argumentation and critical thinking about strong emotional content. This may assist bilinguals not only to express their internal affective states more efficiently, but also to experience the intensity of L2 emotionally charged words in a similar way as they do in their L1.
Imagination theory: Anthropological perspectives
Authors: Rohrer Ingo , Thompson Michelle
Published: November 2022

The term imagination and its derivatives often serve as points of departures, yet a concise understanding of imagination in anthropology is lacking. In this paper, we argue for a contextualized anthropological approach to imagination; a complex notion which has been used to describe the human capacity to mentally (re)create that what is not materially present; the creative process of imagining; and the individual and social products of such a process. We address terminological particularities, conceptual differences, and related concepts in addition to discussing the importance of methods and the poetic imagination. In doing so, we consolidate and elaborate on previous analytical and conceptual works to provide a more explicit middle-range theory of imagination from an anthropological perspective. While we propose understanding imagination as a guiding action in situations of uncertainty or ignorance and emphasize focusing on everyday processes and practices, our discussions provide a framework to discuss and compare empirically grounded findings regarding imagination.
Grief as an Integral Part of the Third Culture Kid Transition Experience: A Position Paper
Authors: Trethewy Tracy , Vanderburg Michelle , van den Akker Jose
Published: November 2022

Arising from increasing globalization, growing numbers of families may find themselves relocating internationally because of work, while children in these families, often referred to as Third Culture Kids, may find themselves grieving for family, friends or possessions left behind. Research suggests that what Doka (2002) describes as disenfranchised grief may influence how such students perceive their experience with school transition programs. This article is part of a larger, ongoing study on Third Culture Kids and their experience with transition programs. Schools are increasingly recognising that supporting Third Culture Kids is essential to ensuring student transitions are successful, while continuing to develop strategies to guarantee the positivity of the student transition experience. International schools also need to consider and include strategies for specifically addressing disenfranchised grief in the Third Culture Kid transition programs. Academic research, as opposed to anecdotal evidence, is needed to better understand how Third Culture Kids experience grief during their transition and how they can best be supported by the school. This article examines the current research around several existing grief models, and how they potentially relate to Third Culture Kids and transition programs. The article is a position paper that presents a call for further research relating to Third Culture Kids through the theoretical lens of grief and loss, in order to provide education professionals with resources that can best support Third Culture Kids on their educational journey.
Augmented Bridges: Investigating the potential of augmented reality for the design of configurable bridges
Authors: Symeonidou Ioanna , Weissenböck Renate , Efstathiadis Alexandros
Published: November 2022

The paper expands on the potential of using Augmented Reality (AR) for the design and customization of bridges. Following a literature review on the use of AR in architectural design, and in particular in design education, the authors discuss educational experiences gained in two digital design studios. These two courses were taught remotely at the University of Thessaly and the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences and cross-informed each other. The teaching experiences of the authors were evaluated and subsequently used to develop the curriculum of “Augmented Bridges”, an experimental AR design studio. The aim of the paper is to present current research in AR and the interactive design process of site-specific bridges, using digital and augmented media. The studio results offered valuable insight into the educational and creative value of AR technologies in architecture.
Creating a Culture of Breastfeeding Support and Continuity of Care in Central Illinois
Authors: Bernstein Kathryn , Gonrong Passang , Shallat Shelly , Seidel Beth , Leider Julien
Published: November 2022

Central Illinois breastfeeding rates fall short of the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively through 6 months, and Black, low-income, and rural families disproportionately experience low rates. A continuity of care framework, which emphasizes interdisciplinary coordination from the prenatal period through weaning, can support breastfeeding. This case study describes an innovative practice model informed by the Collective Impact Model (CIM) designed to promote breastfeeding continuity of care and community support in Central Illinois. Development and maintenance of the Central Illinois Breastfeeding Professional Network (CIBPN), a network of diverse public health practitioners, leveraged CIM principles. The CIBPN began with influential Breastfeeding Champions, identified through the Illinois State Physical Activity and Nutrition program. Champions convened Central Illinois breastfeeding allies and led the CIBPN to coalesce around a common agenda and engage in mutually reinforcing activities. Linked breastfeeding data for families giving birth at a Central Illinois hospital and receiving postnatal care at a health center were analyzed as a snapshot of CIBPN initiatives. The CIBPN engaged at least 135 practitioners and more than 27 organizations. At least 33 people received advanced breastfeeding training, and many professional development opportunities were offered. Numerous breastfeeding support improvements were made at and between CIBPN sites. Breastfeeding rates at the birthing hospital and health center were stable, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article contributes to the practice-based evidence for breastfeeding support by strengthening continuity of care through a successful application of the CIM by public health practitioners.
Anti-Racist Violence Prevention: Partnering With Black Youth to Identify Intervention Priorities
Authors: Woods-Jaeger Briana , Knutzen Kristin E. , Lucas Devin , Cave Nkosi , Latimer Saundra K. , Adams, HSD Abreon , Bates, HSD Aceyeah , Renfro Tiffaney L.
Published: November 2022

In this study, academic researchers partnered with Black youth to engage in critical analysis of the intersection between racism and community violence to promote anti-racist social action that advances health equity. Through youth participatory action research, we examined perspectives and experiences of Black youth to develop a shared understanding of how to approach community violence prevention with an anti-racist lens. Thirteen youth from Kansas City and Atlanta who identified as Black or African American participated in a photovoice project to explore the intersection of racism and community violence. Youth generated photo assignments, took photos that reflected the assignment, shared their photos as a group, and chose one photo to explore in depth each week using a structured method to guide photo-discussion. Qualitative analysis of youth photo-discussions identified themes related to Black youth’s experiences of racism at multiple levels and identified suggestions for anti-racist interventions, including promoting Black history knowledge and nurturing Black mentoring relationships. Grounded in these findings, we propose an anti-racist approach to community violence prevention among Black youth that engages Black youth as equitable partners to build from their expertise and strengths in developing comprehensive solutions.