bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—F Bond Formation via Directed C—H Activation
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Yun , Li Guang‐Shui , Wang Xi‐Sheng
Published: June 2014

Review: [23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal SN‐Type Reactions in Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation
Authors: Kuhl Nadine , Schroeder Nils , Glorius Frank
Published: June 2014

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: Gadge Sandip T. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: June 2014

Review: [with a special emphasis on catalyst‐product separation techniques; 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Curcumin, a Promising Anticancer Therapeutic: A Review of Its Chemical Properties, Bioactivity and Approaches to Cancer Cell Delivery
Authors: Salem Melessa , Rohani Sohrab , Gillies Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloids as Organocatalysts in Enantioselective Halofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Zheng Suqing , Schienebeck Casi M. , Zhang Wei , Wang Hao‐Yuan , Tang Weiping
Published: June 2014

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidines: From Classical Approaches to Efficient Catalytic Syntheses
Authors: Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Antinolo Antonio , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando , Otero Antonio
Published: June 2014

Review: [86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Ullmann Type Chemistry: From Mechanistic Aspects to Modern Development
Authors: Sambiagio Carlo , Marsden Stephen P. , Blacker A. John , McGowan Patrick C.
Published: June 2014

Review: 299 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Photoluminescence and Applications
Authors: Visbal Renso , Gimeno M. Concepcion
Published: June 2014

Review: synthesis and applications of luminescent transition metal complexes containing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands; 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Miao Jinmin , Ge Haibo
Published: June 2014

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiaporphyrins: From Building Blocks to Multiporphyrin Arrays
Authors: Pareek Yogita , Ravikanth M.
Published: June 2014

Review: synthesis of functionalized thiaporphyrins and their use in the construction of several covalently and non‐covalently linked thiaporphyrin‐based arrays; 62 refs.+ subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of 2,6‐Dipyrazolylpyridine Derivatives and Their Complexes
Authors: Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: June 2014

Review: 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemistry as a Key to Understand the Mechanisms of Boundary Lubrication, Mechanolysis and Gas Evolution During Friction
Authors: Hiratsuka Ken‐ichi , Kajdas Czeslaw
Published: June 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. 97. Solubility of Higher Acetylenes and Triple Bonded Derivatives
Authors: Fogg Peter G. T. , Skrzecz Adam
Published: June 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. 98. Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pure and Organic Solvent Mixtures: Revised and Updated. Part 1. Binary Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Acree William E. Jr.
Published: June 2014

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Secondary Interactions in Biomolecular Recognition by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Ulrich Sebastien , Dumy Pascal
Published: June 2014

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thermochromic Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films for Energy Efficient Glazing.
Authors: Warwick Michael E. A. , Binions Russell
Published: June 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters on Hydrogen Formations from Biomass: A Review
Authors: Uddin Md. Nasir , Daud W. M. A. Wan , Abbas Hazzim F.
Published: June 2014

Review: 230 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Surface Functionalization Techniques on Polymethacrylate Materials for Optical Biosensor Applications
Authors: Hosseini Samira , Ibrahim Fatimah , Djordjevic Ivan , Koole Leo H.
Published: June 2014

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Products of the Fischer—Tropsch Synthesis (A Review)
Authors: Krylova A. Yu.
Published: June 2014

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Quantum Chemistry: Concepts and Strategies for Rational Compound Design
Authors: Weymuth Thomas , Reiher Markus
Published: June 2014

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naming Interactions from the Electrophilic Site
Authors: Cavallo Gabriella , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe , Terraneo Giancarlo
Published: June 2014

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Frontiers and Developing Applications in 19F NMR
Authors: Yu Jian‐Xin , Hallac Rami R. , Chiguru Srinivas , Mason Ralph P.
Published: June 2014

Review: 395 refs.
A closed‐form solution for the optimal time evolution of an exponentially decaying signal with thermal noise
Authors: Williams Brian Wesley , Rovnyak David
Published: June 2014

The signal‐to‐noise ratio of a monoexponentially decaying signal exhibits a maximum at an evolution time of approximately 1.26 T2. It has previously been thought that there is no closed‐form solution to express this maximum. We report in this note that this maximum can be represented in a specific, analytical closed form in terms of the negative real branch of an inverse function known as the Lambert W function. The Lambert function is finding increasing use in the solution of problems in a variety of areas in the physical sciences. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 43A: 54–56, 2014.
Surgical management of noncolorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Page Andrew J. , Weiss Matthew J. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: June 2014

The number of hepatectomies performed for metastatic cancer has dramatically increased over the past 2 decades. Hepatectomy for stage IV colorectal cancer is now considered the standard of care for resectable patients with isolated hepatic disease and acceptable performance status. However, the indications for resection of noncolorectal origin liver metastases are not as clearly defined. This review focuses on emerging data for the resection of noncolorectal metastatic disease to the liver, with a focus on indications for surgical resection. Specifically, we review the current data on the surgical management of nonneuroendocrine and neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver. Cancer 2014;120:3111–3121. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Promoting convergence: The Phi spiral in abduction of mouse corneal behaviors
Authors: Rhee Jerry , Nejad Talisa Mohammad , Comets Olivier , Flannery Sean , Gulsoy Eine Begum , Iannaccone Philip , Foster Craig
Published: June 2014

Why do mouse corneal epithelial cells display spiraling patterns? We want to provide an explanation for this curious phenomenon by applying an idealized problem solving process. Specifically, we applied complementary line‐fitting methods to measure transgenic epithelial reporter expression arrangements displayed on three mature, live enucleated globes to clarify the problem. Two prominent logarithmic curves were discovered, one of which displayed the ϕ ratio, an indicator of an optimal configuration in phyllotactic systems. We then utilized two different computational approaches to expose our current understanding of the behavior. In one procedure, which involved an isotropic mechanics‐based finite element method, we successfully produced logarithmic spiral curves of maximum shear strain based pathlines but computed dimensions displayed pitch angles of 35° (ϕ spiral is ∼17°), which was altered when we fitted the model with published measurements of coarse collagen orientations. We then used model‐based reasoning in context of Peircean abduction to select a working hypothesis. Our work serves as a concise example of applying a scientific habit of mind and illustrates nuances of executing a common method to doing integrative science. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 22–38, 2015
Two Perspectives on Learning the Organizational Ombudsman Role
Authors: Myers Linda , Witzler Lisa
Published: June 2014

This article explores the challenges in learning the role of the organizational ombudsman from the perspectives of two practitioners—one an experienced workplace mediator, the other a student of conflict resolution. The discussion of the shift in thinking, as well as skills needed to transition into the various facets of organizational ombudsman work, combines concepts from ombudsman theory with insights on enhancing ombudsman practice. The authors provide observations and recommendations based on their own experiences assuming the roles of a new ombudsman, including reflective practice and partnering, coaching with employees, and expanding systemic engagements with and cultural knowledge of organizations.
Toward the Activist Ombudsman: An Introduction
Authors: Gadlin Howard
Published: June 2014

This introduction frames the articles in this mini‐colloquy on the work of the Office of the Ombudsman at the National Institutes of Health, Center for Cooperative Resolution (OO/CCR). This office is unique in its size, experience, and approach to the work of the organizational ombudsman. Through this series of articles, we share our understandings of the potential for the role of the organizational conflict management specialists called ombudsmen and to assist other organizations and practitioners as they consider and enact similar roles within their workplaces.
Aggressive pilomatrixoma
Authors: Gupta Mamta , Bansal Rani , Tiwari Gaurav , Sharma Suprabha
Published: June 2014

We report a case of aggressive pilomatrixoma (PMX) in a 25‐year‐old male who presented with swelling in left supraclavicular region of 2‐month duration. A diagnosis of small round cell tumor was suggested on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. He underwent wide excision of the mass. On histomorphological examination, a diagnosis of aggressive PMX was made. The swelling recurred after 3 months of complete resection and on examination had similar morphological features. The case is presented because of the potential diagnostic difficulties on cytological examination and rare occurrence of aggressive variant of PMX. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:906–911. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of ovarian hormones and emotional eating on changes in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Hildebrandt Britny A. , Racine Sarah E. , Keel Pamela K. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael , Boker Steven , Sisk Cheryl L. , Klump Kelly L.
Published: June 2014

Objective

Previous research has shown that fluctuations in ovarian hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone) predict the changes in binge eating and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle. However, the extent to which other eating disorder symptoms fluctuate across the menstrual cycle and are influenced by ovarian hormones remains largely unknown. This study sought to examine whether the levels of weight preoccupation vary across the menstrual cycle and whether the changes in ovarian hormones and/or other factors (i.e., emotional eating and negative affect) account for menstrual cycle fluctuations in this eating disorder phenotype.

Method

For 45 consecutive days, 352 women (age, 15–25 years) provided daily ratings of weight preoccupation, negative affect, and emotional eating. Saliva samples were also collected on a daily basis and assayed for levels of estradiol and progesterone using enzyme immunoassay techniques.

Results

Weight preoccupation varied significantly across the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels in the premenstrual and menstrual phases. However, ovarian hormones did not account for within‐person changes in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle. Instead, the most significant predictor of menstrual cycle changes in weight preoccupation was the change in emotional eating.

Discussion

Fluctuations in weight preoccupation across the menstrual cycle appear to be influenced primarily by emotional eating rather than ovarian hormones. Future research should continue to examine the relationships among ovarian hormones, weight preoccupation, emotional eating, and other core eating disorder symptoms (e.g., body dissatisfaction, compensatory behaviors) in an effort to more fully understand the role of these biological and behavioral factors for the full spectrum of eating pathology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:477–486)
Insertional hypermutation in mineral oil‐induced plasmacytomas
Authors: Knittel Gero , Metzner Mirjam , Beck‐Engeser Gabriele , Kan Ada , Ahrends Tomasz , Eilat Dan , Huppi Konrad , Wabl Matthias
Published: June 2014

Unless stimulated by a chronic inflammatory agent, such as mineral oil, plasma cell tumors are rare in young BALB/c mice. This raises the questions: What do inflammatory tissues provide to promote mutagenesis? And what is the nature of mutagenesis? We determined that mineral oil‐induced plasmacytomas produce large amounts of endogenous retroelements—ecotropic and polytropic murine leukemia virus and intracisternal A particles. Therefore, plasmacytoma formation might occur, in part, by de novo insertion of these retroelements, induced or helped by the inflammation. We recovered up to ten de novo insertions in a single plasmacytoma, mostly in genes with common retroviral integration sites. Additional integrations accompany tumor evolution from a solid tumor through several generations in cell culture. The high frequency of de novo integrations into cancer genes suggests that endogenous retroelements are coresponsible for plasmacytoma formation and progression in BALB/c mice.
Synthesis and Redox Properties of PNP Pincer Complexes Based on N‐Methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Nakajima Kazunari , Higuchi Yu , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: June 2014

We have designed and prepared a series of novel PNP pincer ligands based on N‐methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium for the construction of stable complexes toward two steps of single electron transfer reactions, where p‐quinoid‐type complexes play a key role. Electrochemical studies reveal that two reduction waves of these complexes are similar to those of methylviologen and the corresponding p‐quinoid type complexes form as stable two electron reduced species. The rhodium complex bearing PNP pincer ligand based on N‐methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium is also found to work as a catalyst for dihydrogen production under the photoinduced electron‐transfer conditions.
Following the olive oil production chain: 1D and 2D NMR study of olive paste, pomace, and oil
Authors: Del Coco Laura , De Pascali Sandra Angelica , Iacovelli Vito , Cesari Gianluigi , Schena Francesco Paolo , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: June 2014

Extraction methods are critical in the production and success of an extra virgin olive oil ready for consumption. The first step of olive oil extraction procedure produces an olive paste, which is subsequently processed by separation of the liquid phases (oil and vegetable water) from the pomace. Profiles of Apulian extra virgin olive oils and the deuterated chloroform extracts of its paste and pomace were studied by 1D and 2D NMR (NMR) spectroscopy without separation and pre‐treatment of samples. In order to study the metabolic profiles variation in the paste and pomace extracts with respect to the corresponding EVOOs, multivariate statistical analyses (PCA and OPLS DA) of the 1H NMR data were performed. As expected, a different minor components profile, in particular for the presence of higher content of secoiridoids, lignans and phenolic compounds in olive paste and pomace extracts with respect to the EVOOs, was observed.

Practical applications: Amount of extractable oil from olive paste and pomace after the production processes of EVOO was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Identification of metabolites in olive paste and pomace was performed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy without separation and pre‐treatment of samples. The chemical composition of major and minor components (in particular secoiridoids, lignans, and phenolic compounds) present in olive paste and pomace chloroform extracts could be used for extraction process trimming purposes as well as in fingerprint analyses for cultivar and/or geographical origin certification of olive oil production. Moreover, determination of the entire metabolic content of different materials of the olive oil production process could be exploited in other applications such as recycling on agricultural land, studies of the health benefits on human nutrition and alternative dietary lipid source in animals. In fact, it is worth noting that the olive paste and pomace extracts could be even healthier than other vegetable oils.

The extraction processes are critical in the extra virgin olive oil production. The chemical composition of EVOOs and its paste and pomace extracts have been investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR).
Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation and Cleavage/Formation of a C–S Bond
Authors: Shi Xiaokang , Ren Xiaoyu , Ren Zhiyong , Li Jian , Wang Yuling , Yang Sizhuo , Gu Jixiang , Gao Qiang , Huang Guosheng
Published: June 2014

A new iron(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of β‐oxo sulfones is described that employs vinylarenes and readily available dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with hydrazine and oxygen as the oxidant. The reaction tolerates various functional group substituents on the vinylarene substrates to afford β‐oxo sulfones in moderate to good yields. The cleavage and formation of the C–S bond are the key steps of this transformation.
Establishing a predictive performance indicator for real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Maghareh Amin , Dyke Shirley J. , Prakash Arun , Bunting Gregory B.
Published: June 2014

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is increasingly being recognized as a powerful cyber‐physical technique that offers the opportunity for system evaluation of civil structures subject to extreme dynamic loading. Advances in this field are enabling researchers to evaluate new structural components/systems in cost‐effective and efficient ways, under more realistic conditions. For RTHS, performance metric clearly needs to be developed to predict and evaluate the accuracy of various partitioning choices while incorporating the dynamics of the transfer system, and computational/communication delays. In addition, because of the dynamics of the transfer system, communication delays, and computation delays, the RTHS equilibrium force at the interface between numerical and physical substructures is subject to phase discrepancy. Thus, the transfer system dynamics must be accommodated by appropriate actuator controllers. In this paper, a new performance indicator, predictive performance indicator (PPI), is proposed to assess the sensitivity of an RTHS configuration to any phase discrepancy resulting from transfer system dynamics and computational/communication delays. The predictive performance indicator provides a structural engineer with two sets of information as follows: (i) in the absence of a reference response, what is the level of fidelity of the RTHS response? and (ii) if needed, what partitioning adjustments can be made to effectively enhance the fidelity of the response? Moreover, along with the RTHS stability switch criterion, this performance metric may be used as an acceptance criteria for conducting single‐degree‐of‐freedom RTHS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐temporal resolution fluvial sediment source fingerprinting with uncertainty: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Cooper Richard J. , Krueger Tobias , Hiscock Kevin M. , Rawlins Barry G.
Published: June 2014

This contribution addresses two developing areas of sediment fingerprinting research. Specifically, how to improve the temporal resolution of source apportionment estimates whilst minimizing analytical costs and, secondly, how to consistently quantify all perceived uncertainties associated with the sediment mixing model procedure. This first matter is tackled by using direct X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analyses of suspended particulate matter (SPM) covered filter papers in conjunction with automatic water samplers. This method enables SPM geochemistry to be quickly, accurately, inexpensively and non‐destructively monitored at high‐temporal resolution throughout the progression of numerous precipitation events. We then employed a Bayesian mixing model procedure to provide full characterization of spatial geochemical variability, instrument precision and residual error to yield a realistic and coherent assessment of the uncertainties associated with source apportionment estimates. Applying these methods to SPM data from the River Wensum catchment, UK, we have been able to apportion, with uncertainty, sediment contributions from eroding arable topsoils, damaged road verges and combined subsurface channel bank and agricultural field drain sources at 60‐ and 120‐minute resolution for the duration of five precipitation events. The results presented here demonstrate how combining Bayesian mixing models with the direct spectroscopic analysis of SPM‐covered filter papers can produce high‐temporal resolution source apportionment estimates that can assist with the appropriate targeting of sediment pollution mitigation measures at a catchment level. © 2015 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Value in Validity
Authors: Griffith James C. , Montrosse‐Moorhead Bianca
Published: June 2014

House's classic Evaluating with Validity proposes three dimensions—truth, justice, and beauty—for evaluation validity. A challenge to achieving validity is balancing the priorities between these three dimensions when they conflict. This chapter examines the concept of validity and the values inherent in each of these dimensions and any choices between them. Our analysis of these inherent values and any prioritization between truth, justice, and beauty aims to help the evaluator confront the kinds of dilemmas faced when one's commitment to values, evaluation theories, or methodology comes up against conflicting realities for a particular evaluation. Striking an appropriate balance can be particularly challenging in contexts involving diverse cultures or even homogenous cultures of which the evaluator is not a part. We use two case examples to explore the issues in real‐life contexts.
How “Beauty” Can Bring Truth and Justice to Life
Authors: Davidson E. Jane
Published: June 2014

Quantitative evidence is the “bones,” qualitative evidence is the “flesh,” and evaluative reasoning is the “vital organs” that bring them both to life. True “beauty” in evaluation is a clearly reasoned, well‐crafted, coherent evaluation story that weaves all three of these together to unlock both truth and justice with breathtaking clarity. This chapter provides tips for delivering truly accessible, assumption‐unearthing, values‐explicit evaluation that clearly lays out: (a) a set of high‐level explicitly evaluative questions to frame and focus the work; (b) the justice principles and other values applied in order to answer them; (c) the criteria and evidence that demonstrate performance relative to those principles and values; and (d) the evaluative reasoning used to arrive at robust conclusions about not just what has happened but how good, valuable, and important it is.
Truth, Beauty, and Justice: Conceptualizing House's Framework for Evaluation in Community‐Based Settings
Authors: Bledsoe Katrina L.
Published: June 2014

The goal of this chapter is to discuss House's theoretical framework of truth, beauty, and justice and its relationship to community‐based evaluation and programming. Within this chapter, each area of House's triad is addressed separately. To further illustrate these points, aspects such as community systems, credibility of information, multicultural validity, coherence in reporting, and social justice are discussed. Throughout this discussion, examples highlighting the author's work with community‐based evaluations, particularly in communities that are hard to reach, underserved, etc., are provided to ground these concepts in practice. Finally, the author poses questions about evaluation practice, validity, and social justice.
House With a View: Validity and Evaluative Argument
Authors: Montrosse‐Moorhead Bianca , Griffith James C. , Pokorny Pamela
Published: June 2014

Constructed in a narrative‐style, this chapter provides a summary and analysis of the present issue. Chapters included in the present issue and a series of formal conversations between the issue editors and Ernest R. House serve as the building blocks for the ideas presented. These ideas include the importance of the clarity of language in evaluation, enduring issues related to validity in evaluation, and a vision for the future concerning the validity of evaluation arguments in practice and theory.
Direct and adjoint global stability analysis of turbulent transonic flows over a NACA0012 profile
Authors: Iorio M. C. , González L. M. , Ferrer E.
Published: June 2014

In this work, various turbulent solutions of the two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional compressible Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations are analyzed using global stability theory. This analysis is motivated by the onset of flow unsteadiness (Hopf bifurcation) for transonic buffet conditions where moderately high Reynolds numbers and compressible effects must be considered. The buffet phenomenon involves a complex interaction between the separated flow and a shock wave. The efficient numerical methodology presented in this paper predicts the critical parameters, namely, the angle of attack and Mach and Reynolds numbers beyond which the onset of flow unsteadiness appears. The geometry, a NACA0012 profile, and flow parameters selected reproduce situations of practical interest for aeronautical applications.

The numerical computation is performed in three steps. First, a steady baseflow solution is obtained; second, the Jacobian matrix for the RANS equations based on a finite volume discretization is computed; and finally, the generalized eigenvalue problem is derived when the baseflow is linearly perturbed. The methodology is validated predicting the 2D Hopf bifurcation for a circular cylinder under laminar flow condition. This benchmark shows good agreement with the previous published computations and experimental data.

In the transonic buffet case, the baseflow is computed using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model and represents a mean flow where the high frequency content and length scales of the order of the shear‐layer thickness have been averaged. The lower frequency content is assumed to be decoupled from the high frequencies, thus allowing a stability analysis to be performed on the low frequency range. In addition, results of the corresponding adjoint problem and the sensitivity map are provided for the first time for the buffet problem. Finally, an extruded three‐dimensional geometry of the NACA0012 airfoil, where all velocity components are considered, was also analyzed as a Triglobal stability case, and the outcoming results were compared to the previous 2D limited model, confirming that the buffet onset is well detected. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structures of Extended Cyclic Siloxanes
Authors: Unno Masafumi , Endo Hisayuki , Takeda Nobuhiro
Published: June 2014

The facile synthesis of all‐cis‐tetrasiloxycyclotetrasiloxanes (extended cyclic siloxanes) [i‐BuSi(OSiHMe2)O]4 1, [PhSi(OSiHMe2)O]4 2, and [CH2 = CHSi(OSiHMe2)O]4 3 was accomplished via sodium or potassium silanolates from respective trialkoxysilanes. The treatment of 1 or 2 with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid afforded respective extended cyclic silanols [i‐BuSi(OSiMe2OH)O]4 4 and [PhSi(OSiMe2OH)O]4 5. The structures of 4 and 5 were unequivocally established by X‐ray crystallography. Among these new compounds, compound 3 possesses both vinyl and hydrosilyl groups in the molecule, thus this could serve as a potential monomer of well‐defined cage silsesquioxanes. Extended cyclic silanols 4 and 5 contain four silanol moieties in the same direction, and application of host molecules or building units of cage silsesquioxanes is expected.
Folate intake and the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer: A pooled analysis within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium
Authors: Galeone Carlotta , Edefonti Valeria , Parpinel Maria , Leoncini Emanuele , Matsuo Keitaro , Talamini Renato , Olshan Andrew F. , Zevallos Jose P. , Winn Deborah M. , Jayaprakash Vijayvel , Moysich Kirsten , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Morgenstern Hal , Levi Fabio , Bosetti Cristina , Kelsey Karl , McClean Michael , Schantz Stimson , Yu Guo‐Pei , Boffetta Paolo , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Hashibe Mia , La Vecchia Carlo , Boccia Stefania
Published: June 2014

There are suggestions of an inverse association between folate intake and serum folate levels and the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), but most studies are limited in sample size, with only few reporting information on the source of dietary folate. Our study aims to investigate the association between folate intake and the risk of OPC within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. We analyzed pooled individual‐level data from ten case–control studies participating in the INHANCE consortium, including 5,127 cases and 13,249 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the associations between total folate intake (natural, fortification and supplementation) and natural folate only, and OPC risk. We found an inverse association between total folate intake and overall OPC risk (the adjusted OR for the highest vs. the lowest quintile was 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99), with a stronger association for oral cavity (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43–0.75). A similar inverse association, though somewhat weaker, was observed for folate intake from natural sources only in oral cavity cancer (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.91). The highest OPC risk was observed in heavy alcohol drinkers with low folate intake as compared to never/light drinkers with high folate (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 3.43–4.79); the attributable proportion (AP) owing to interaction was 11.1% (95% CI: 1.4–20.8%). Lastly, we reported an OR of 2.73 (95% CI:2.34‐3.19) for those ever tobacco users with low folate intake, compared with nevere tobacco users and high folate intake (AP of interaction =10.6%, 95% CI: 0.41‐20.8%). Our project of a large pool of case–control studies supports a protective effect of total folate intake on OPC risk.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor off‐target effect on nerve outgrowth promotes prostate cancer development
Authors: Dobrenis Kostantin , Gauthier Laurent R. , Barroca Vilma , Magnon Claire
Published: June 2014

The hematopoietic growth factor granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) has a role in proliferation, differentiation and migration of the myeloid lineage and in mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into the bloodstream. However, G‐CSF has been newly characterized as a neurotrophic factor in the brain. We recently uncovered that autonomic nerve development in the tumor microenvironment participates actively in prostate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we found that G‐CSF constrains cancer to grow and progress by, respectively, supporting the survival of sympathetic nerve fibers in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐sympathectomized mice and also, promoting the aberrant outgrowth of parasympathetic nerves in transgenic or xenogeneic prostate tumor models. This provides insight into how neurotrophic growth factors may control tumor neurogenesis and may lead to new antineurogenic therapies for prostate cancer.
Recent Advances in Multicolor Emission and Color Tuning of Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes
Authors: Tsuboi Taiju , Huang Wei
Published: June 2014

We review recent advances in the spectroscopic properties of heteroleptic Ir(N^C)2(LX)‐type iridium complexes, which are known as color‐tuning materials. Most Ir(N^C)2(LX)‐type Ir complexes give single emission, in accordance with Kasha’s rule. Dual emission, however, has been observed from a single Ir(N^C)2(LX) complex, depending on the choice of the N^C moiety and LX ligands. For example, Ir(dfppy)2(pq), Ir(ppy)2(dpq‐3F), Ir(ppy)2(pq), and Ir(pq)2(tpy) (dfppy=2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, pq=2‐phenylquinoline, ppy=2‐phenylpyridine, dpq‐3F=2‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐4‐phenylquinoline, tpy=2‐p‐tolylpyridine). Recently, triple emission was observed from Ir(ppy)2(BTZ)‐type iridium complexes with two ppy ligands as (N^C)2 and one 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (BTZ) ligand, while quadruple emission from Ir(ppy)2Q‐type iridium complexes with two ppy ligands as (N^C)2 and one quinolinolato (Q) ligand. These multiple emissions cover a spectral range from blue to red, leading to white emission. Of the four emission bands from Ir(ppy)2Q, the UV and violet emissions are attributed to the emission from the singlet states of IrQ and Ir(ppy), respectively, while the green and red emissions are attributed to emission from the triplet states of Ir(ppy) and IrQ. The appearance of the emission from each of the Ir(ppy) and IrQ (or Ir(BTZ)) components is understood by reduced Förster energy transfer between IrQ (or Ir(BTZ)) and Ir(ppy) due to an orientation factor of nearly zero, that is, due to orthogonality between the two ligand planes, while the appearance of both the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands from each of the ligands is understood by inefficient intersystem crossing from the upper singlet state to the lower triplet state.
Evaluating the use of computerized stimulus preference assessments in foster care
Authors: Whitehouse Cristina M. , Vollmer Timothy R. , Colbert Bennie
Published: June 2014

The purpose of these studies was to extend the use of stimulus preference assessments to children in foster care. In Study 1, subjects completed a computerized 4‐point Likert‐type questionnaire designed to assess preference for a wide range of stimuli and activities. Next, items identified as highly preferred (HP) and less preferred (LP) on the questionnaire were tested using a computerized paired‐stimulus preference assessment. Results showed complete correspondence between the results of the computerized preference assessments for 11 of 17 subjects. Studies 2 and 3 evaluated whether the stimuli identified as HP in Study 1 would function as reinforcers. Overall, subjects allocated their engagement to HP items, and those HP items could be used as reinforcers for math problem completion. Collectively, these studies demonstrated that computerized preference assessments may be a feasible method of identifying preferences in the foster care system. Implications for their use in foster care are discussed.
Toxicity profiles and solvent–toxicant interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea after dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) exposure
Authors: Stevens An‐Sofie , Pirotte Nicky , Plusquin Michelle , Willems Maxime , Neyens Thomas , Artois Tom , Smeets Karen
Published: June 2014

To investigate hydrophobic test compounds in toxicological studies, solvents like dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are inevitable. However, using these solvents, the interpretation of test compound‐induced responses can be biased. DMSO concentration guidelines are available, but are mostly based on acute exposures involving one specific toxicity endpoint. Hence, to avoid solvent–toxicant interference, we use multiple chronic test endpoints for additional interpretation of DMSO concentrations and propose a statistical model to assess possible synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects of test compounds and their solvents. In this study, the effects of both short‐ (1 day) and long‐term (2 weeks) exposures to low DMSO concentrations (up to 1000 µl l−1) were studied in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. We measured different biological levels in both fully developed and developing animals. In a long‐term exposure set‐up, a concentration of 500 µl l−1 DMSO interfered with processes on different biological levels, e.g. behaviour, stem cell proliferation and gene expression profiles. After short exposure times, 500 µl l−1 DMSO only affected motility, whereas the most significant changes on different parameters were observed at a concentration of 1000 µl l−1 DMSO. As small sensitivity differences exist between biological levels and developmental stages, we advise the use of this solvent in concentrations below 500 µl l−1 in this organism. In the second part of our study, we propose a statistical approach to account for solvent–toxicant interactions and discuss full‐scale solvent toxicity studies. In conclusion, we reassessed DMSO concentration limits for different experimental endpoints in the planarian S. mediterranea. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioabsorbable bone fixation plates for X‐ray imaging diagnosis by a radiopaque layer of barium sulfate and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)
Authors: Choi Sung Yoon , Hur Woojune , Kim Byeung Kyu , Shasteen Catherine , Kim Myung Hun , Choi La Mee , Lee Seung Ho , Park Chun Gwon , Park Min , Min Hye Sook , Kim Sukwha , Choi Tae Hyun , Choy Young Bin
Published: June 2014

Bone fixation systems made of biodegradable polymers are radiolucent, making post‐operative diagnosis with X‐ray imaging a challenge. In this study, to allow X‐ray visibility, we separately prepared a radiopaque layer and attached it to a bioabsorbable bone plate approved for clinical use (Inion, Finland). We employed barium sulfate as a radiopaque material due to the high X‐ray attenuation coefficient of barium (2.196 cm2/g). The radiopaque layer was composed of a fine powder of barium sulfate bound to a biodegradable material, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), to allow layer degradation similar to the original Inion bone plate. In this study, we varied the mass ratio of barium sulfate and PLGA in the layer between 3:1 w/w and 10:1 w/w to modulate the degree and longevity of X‐ray visibility. All radiopaque plates herein were visible via X‐ray, both in vitro and in vivo, for up to 40 days. For all layer types, the radio‐opacity decreased with time due to the swelling and degradation of PLGA, and the change in the layer shape was more apparent for layers with a higher PLGA content. The radiopaque plates released, at most, 0.5 mg of barium sulfate every 2 days in a simulated in vitro environment, which did not appear to affect the cytotoxicity. The radiopaque plates also exhibited good biocompatibility, similar to that of the Inion plate. Therefore, we concluded that the barium sulfate‐based, biodegradable plate prepared in this work has the potential to be used as a fixation device with both X‐ray visibility and biocompatibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B:596–607, 2015.
Herba Ecliptae Protects against Hydroxyl Radical‐induced Damages to DNA and Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Antioxidant Mechanism
Authors: Han Lu , Sun Chengjie , Lin Jian , Li Fei , Li Xican , Wu Zisheng , Liu Chengping , Bai Ye , Mai Wenqiong , Chen Dongfeng
Published: June 2014

Herba Ecliptae (HE) is a typical Chinese herbal medicine used in China for 1500 years. In the study, HE was extracted by various solvents to prepare five HE extracts. They were observed to possess a protective effect against ×OH‐induced DNA damage, and scavenging effects on ×OH radical, ×O2− radical, DPPH×(1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical, and ABTS×+ (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical, and reduce Cu2+ ion. The contents of total phenolics and wedelolactone in five extracts were determined respectively using Folin‐Ciocalteu method and HPLC method. To identify which chemical component can be responsible for its effects, the correlation graphs between chemical contents and antioxidant abilities (1/IC50 values) were plotted to calculate correlation coefficients (R values). Finally, MTT assay revealed that two HE extracts could effectively protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against ×OH‐induced damage at 3‐30 μg/mL. On the basis of mechanistic analysis, we concluded that: (i) HE can effectively protect against ×OH‐induced damages to DNA and MSCs, thereby HE may have a therapeutic potential in MSCs transplantation or prevention of many diseases; (ii) the effects can be mainly attributed to total phenolics (R = 0.678) especially wedelolactone (R = 0.618); (iii) they exert antioxidant action via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and sequential electron proton transfer (SEPT) mechanisms.
Electrochemical Behaviors of Resveratrol and Its Interaction with DNA
Authors: Gao Lin , Wei Xiaohan , Wang Fei , Zhang Bingying
Published: June 2014

Electrochemical behavior of resveratrol was studied in Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer solution (pH = 4.0) at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Resveratrol showed an irreversible anodic peak at 0.570 V which was involving one electron and one proton. Also, the interaction of resveratrol with double‐stranded fish sperm DNA was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and UV‐vis spectra. The results showed that peak potentials shifted to more positive value and peak currents decreased in electrochemical experiment and the maximum absorption decreased with red shift in UV‐vis spectra experiment with the addition of DNA, indicating the resveratrol interacted with DNA by intercalating into the double helix of DNA. Besides, the binding of resveratrol with DNA, analyzed in terms of the cooperative Hill model, yields the association constant Ka = 3.18 × 105 and a Hill coefficient m = 1.06.
An Efficient Route to Ethyl 5‐Alkyl‐ (Aryl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Chudinov M. V. , Matveev A. V. , Zhurilo N. I. , Prutkov A. N. , Shvets V. I.
Published: June 2014

An efficient general route to the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylates was developed. N‐acylamidrazones were obtained from carboxylic acid hydrazides and ethyl thiooxamate or ethyl 2‐ethoxy‐2‐iminoacetate hydrochloride and then were reacted with chloroanhydride of the same carboxylic acid. As the next step, diacylamidrazones were cyclized to 5‐substituted 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylates one pot in mild conditions.
Solid‐Phase Approach for the Synthesis of 2‐Amido‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang‐Hyeup
Published: June 2014

A new solid‐phase approach for the synthesis of 2‐amido‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles has been developed. In this synthesis, hydroxypentyl JandaJel polymer support was treated with excess of oxalyl chloride to give resin‐bound 2‐chloro‐2‐oxoacetate, and this intermediate was then coupled with different hydrazides to give resin‐bound 2‐(N′‐acylhydrazinyl)‐2‐oxoacetate. Intramolecular dehydrative cyclization of resulting resin‐bound linear precursor followed by direct amidation using aluminum amide reagent provided 5‐substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles as 2‐carboxamides. To explore the scope of this reaction sequence, we synthesized a small set of library using a combination of hydrazides and amines, and the desired products were obtained in good to high yields.
Development of 68Ga‐labeled fatty acids for their potential use in cardiac metabolic imaging
Authors: Jindal Akanksha , Mathur Anupam , Pandey Usha , Sarma H. D. , Chaudhari Pradip , Dash Ashutosh
Published: June 2014

While [11C]palmitate continues to be a promising tracer for cardiovascular Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, unfavourable logistics due to the short half‐life of 11C (20 min) and cumbersome labeling methodologies are the major impediments that limit its widespread use. In order to circumvent such limitations, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of 68Ga‐labeled fatty acid analogs for metabolic imaging owing to the availability of 68Ga through a 68Ge/68Ga generator on an on‐demand basis. In this study, two fatty acid conjugates were synthesized by conjugation of p‐SCN‐benzyl NOTA with the ω‐amino group of 11‐amino undecanoic acid and 12‐amino dodecanoic acid, respectively, under alkaline conditions. Both derivatives were radiolabeled in high yields with 68Ga obtained from an in‐house 68Ge/68Ga generator. Biodistribution studies in Swiss mice showed reasonable myocardial uptake at 2 min for both derivatives (7.4 ± 2.8% ID/g for 11‐carbon fatty acid‐NOTA conjugate and 6.4 ± 2.1% ID/g for 12‐carbon fatty acid‐NOTA conjugate), which cleared rapidly over 30 min. However, significant activity was found in blood for both tracers, with heart/blood ratios observed to be below 0.5 at all time points, diminishing the potential of the synthesized complexes for cardiac imaging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of [14C]‐labeled 2‐(3‐chlorophenyloxy)‐3‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy) pyridin‐4‐yl propoxy]pyridine, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and its metabolites
Authors: Ochi Takeshi , Sawayama Yusuke , Kawasaki Motoji , Nigo Tomohiro , Nakao Masashi , Omodani Tomoki , Sumiyoshi Takaaki
Published: June 2014

We describe here the synthesis of [14C]‐2‐(3‐chlorophenyloxy)‐3‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy)pyridin‐4‐yl propoxy]pyridine (1), a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. [14C]‐Labeled 1 was prepared in three steps from [14C]‐2‐bromopyridin‐3‐ol in an overall yield of 32%. Preparation of [14C]‐labeled 2 and 3, two metabolites of 1, is also described. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Instrument to Measure Level 5 Leadership
Authors: Reid Wilbur A. , Bud West G. R. , Winston Bruce E. , Wood James “Andy”
Published: June 2014

The objective of this research project was to develop a validated scale to measure Level 5 Leadership using the Collins () Level 5 attributes. An expert panel reduced the 99 attributes from Collins to 74. The 349 participants evaluated their bosses on a 10‐point semantic differential scale for each attribute. A review of the literature suggested that Level 5 leadership and servant leadership represent the same concept; thus the study used a 10‐item servant leadership scale to check for concurrent validity. Additionally, Collins proposed eight untested questions to determine if individuals qualify as Level 5 leaders. Principal component analysis resulted in two factors that explained 55.2% of the variance; these factors matched Collins's proposed personal humility and professional will constructs. The final instrument contains five attributes of personal humility and five attributes of professional will that yield Cronbach alphas of .83 and .83, respectively. The analysis also revealed statistically significant positive relationships between the Level 5 attributes, servant leadership, and a single factor that represented Collins's eight questions.