bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diminished Blood Pressure Profiles in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Lee Sarah , Mlynash Michael , Mayne Elizabeth W. , Rafii Michael S. , Skotko Brian G.
Published: January 2020

This study sought to analyze blood pressure trends in children with Down syndrome at multiple centers. A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed. All patients were <18 years and had a diagnosis of Down syndrome. Existing comorbidities were nonexclusionary. For each patient, 3 blood pressure recordings were obtained from routine clinic visits. In total, 887 patients with 2661 total blood pressure recordings were included in this study. The average blood pressure percentile for patients was 38.87 with a median percentile of 31.5. Age, sex, and race were not predictive of blood pressure percentile. Compared with established data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort (ages 8–18 years), blood pressure in our Down syndrome population was statistically lower by 6.1 percentile points (
P
<0.001), with the greatest difference at higher blood pressure percentiles (
P
<0.001). Only 10% of all Down syndrome cohort blood pressure recordings were greater than the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 70th percentile, with no patients meeting criteria for prehypertension or hypertension. Additional comparisons against American Academy of Pediatrics data were similar and statistically significant. In children with Down syndrome, there is a 12 percentile point reduction in baseline blood pressure compared with age- and height-matched controls reported in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and American Academy of Pediatrics cohorts. This data can potentially be utilized in the evaluation and care of persons with Down syndrome in their pediatric medical homes.
Contribution to the knowledge of the pollen morphology of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae)

Authors: ÖZLER HÜLYA , KAHRAMAN AHMET , PEHLİVAN SEVİL , DOĞAN MUSA , BAŞER BİROL , FİŞNE AHTER YAVRU , BAGHERPOUR SAFİ
Published: January 2020

The pollen grains of 19 Turkish Salvia species in Aethiopis, Drymosphace, Hemisphace, Hymenosphace and Salvia sections, 13 of which are endemic to Turkey, were investigated, documented and illustrated through Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This study provides pollen data of 14 species for the first time. The pollen grains of the species examined are monads, isopolar, radially symmetrical and hexacolpate, mostly medium in size, slightly elliptic to more or less circular in polar view and mainly oblate-spheroidal in equatorial view. Two different ornamentation types are recognized on exine sculpturing; reticulate-perforate and bireticulate. The present results do not generally support the traditional infrageneric classification of Salvia, but provide useful pollen characters for species delimitation.
Multi-locus phylogeny reveals Phaeodothis mori sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from dead leaves of Morus australis

Authors: TENNAKOON DANUSHKA S. , KUO CHANG-HSIN , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: January 2020

In order to establish the phylogenetic relationships and to resolve the natural classification of species in Dothideomycetes, it is necessary to use multi-gene phylogeny as well as morphology. Phaeodothis mori is a new species collected from dead leaves of Morus australis from Chiayi, Taiwan. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed based on multi-locus phylogenies of ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the species. Phaeodothis mori is distinguished from the other Phaeodothis species based on distinct size differences in ascomata, asci, ascospores and base pair differences in DNA sequence data. Remarkably, this is the first Phaeodothis species recorded from Morus australis. The new species was compared with the type species of Phaeodothis and a comprehensive description and micrographs were provided.
Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian “tepuis” in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining

Authors: PÉREZ ÁLVARO J. , PERSSON CLAES , ZAPATA NICOLÁS , MASHBURN BROCK , VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO
Published: January 2020

Magnolia lozanoi is rediscovered 26 years after being collected for the first time. Herbarium specimens were collected by Al Gentry in 1993 and formally described by Antonio Vázquez and Ernesto Castro in 2012. This species is known only from El Quimi Biological Reserve in the province of Morona-Santiago, southeastern Ecuador. An emended description, distribution map and the first photographs of this species are provided. Additionally, its relationships with other species are discussed. Its conservation status is proposed as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
An annotated type catalogue of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A. Zarudny in Iran and Middle Asia
Authors: ANANJEVA NATALIA B. , MILTO KONSTANTIN D. , BARABANOV ANDREI V. , GOLYNSKY EVGENY A.
Published: January 2020

A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of amphibians and reptiles collected by Nikolay A. Zarudny and stored mostly in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP), as of August 2018. The collection contains 270 type specimens, representing 51 taxa (species and/or subspecies) of one family of turtles, one amphisbaenia family, five lizard families and four snake families from 74 type localities. As a result of studying Zarudny’s collections, mainly from Iran, was the description by A. M. Nikolsky of two new genera, Microgecko and Diplometopon, and 42 species and subspecies (varieties). Twenty-two of these taxa are regarded currently as valid.
Simulation of Atmospheric Motion Vectors for an Observing System Simulation Experiment
Authors: Errico Ronald M. , Carvalho David , Privé Nikki C. , Sienkiewicz Meta
Published: January 2020

An algorithm to simulate locations of atmospheric motion vectors for use in observing system simulation experiments is described and demonstrated. It is intended to obviate likely deficiencies in nature run data if used to produce images for feature tracking. The algorithm employs probabilistic functions that are tuned based on distributions of real observations and histograms of nature run fields. For distinct observation types, the algorithm produces geographical and vertical distributions, time-mean counts, and typical spacings of simulated locations that are, at least qualitatively, similar to those of real observations and are associated with nature run cloud and water vapor fields. It thus appears suitable for generating realistic atmospheric motion vectors for use in observing system simulation experiments.
Impact of Doppler Radar Wind Observations on Australian High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Rennie Susan , Rikus Lawrence , Eizenberg Nathan , Steinle Peter , Krysta Monika
Published: January 2020

The impact of Doppler radar wind observations on forecasts from a developmental, high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) system is assessed. The new 1.5-km limited-area model will be Australia’s first such operational NWP system to include data assimilation. During development, the assimilation of radar wind observations was trialed over a 2-month period to approve the initial inclusion of these observations. Three trials were run: the first with no radar data, the second with radial wind observations from precipitation echoes, and the third with radial winds from both precipitation and insect echoes. The forecasts were verified against surface observations from automatic weather stations, against rainfall accumulations using fractions skill scores, and against satellite cloud observations. These methods encompassed verification across a range of vertical levels. Additionally, a case study was examined more closely. Overall results showed little statistical difference in skill between the trials, and the net impact was neutral. While the new observations clearly affected the forecast, the objective and subjective analyses showed a neutral impact on the forecast overall. As a first step, this result is satisfactory for the operational implementation. In future, upgrades to the radar network will start to reduce the observation error, and further improvements to the data assimilation are planned, which may be expected to improve the impact.
Trade War: Likely Impact on India
Authors: Misra Rekha , Choudhry Sonam
Published: January 2020

The global financial crisis triggered the built up of domestic pressure in some countries to introduce protectionist measures against imports. The present discussion regarding the ‘trade war’ and ‘de-globalisation’ intensified after both the US and China escalated the tariff rates on imports originating in the US and China. This study evaluates the potential economic effects of the substantial tariff hikes by these two major economies on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, particularly for India. The study adds to the existing literature on the trade war by examining potential impact on India’s exports, that is, both direct and indirect losses as well as benefits arising due to the trade war using the economic model based on the trend in trade flows, similarity index and supply chain networks using World Input-Output tables. The study uses the Vector Error Correction Model to empirically evaluate the pass-through of the tariff hike on Indian exports using bilateral real effective exchange rate (REER)-consumer price index and REER-product price index. The study finds that the US–China trade tussle may provide some opportunities in short to medium run for India as gains through trade deflection would be higher than the losses due to trade reduction. However, in the long-run, further escalation of tariffs will have negative impact at the global level.

JEL Codes: F1, F62, F68
N-version programming approach with implicit safety guarantee for complex dynamic system stabilization applications
Authors: Subasi Nadir , Guner Ufuk , Ustoglu Ilker
Published: January 2020

Safety-critical systems are widely used in many sectors to prevent fatal accidents and prevent loss of life, damage of property, or deterioration of the environment. Implementation of software safety standards as part of the development of safety-critical software is generally considered an essential element of any safety program. Therefore, it has become more critical to produce highly reliable software to meet the safety requirements established by functional safety standards, such as IEC 61508, ISO 26262, and EN 50128. IEC 61508 supports well-known safety mechanisms such as design diversity like N-version (multi-version) programming. N-version (multi-version) programming is a method where multiple functionally equivalent programs are independently developed from the same software specifications. N-version (multi-version) programming is particularly an effective approach to increase the quality of software in a safety-critical system. In this paper, one of the well-known and widely used algorithms in the field of N-version (multi-version) programming, the majority voting algorithm, has been modified with an online stability checker where the decisions of the voter are judged against the stability of the underlying system. The plant where all the theoretical results are implemented is a tilt-rotor system with the proposed N-version (multi-version) programming–based controller. The experimental results show that the modified majority voter-based N-version (multi-version) programming controller provides more reliable control of the plant.
Anchoring Urban Development: Globalisation, Attractiveness and Complexity
Authors: Crevoisier Olivier , Rime Delphine
Published: January 2020

Since the work of Hoyt in the 1930s, economic theories of urban development have stressed the primacy of manufacturing because of the existence of a regional multiplier effect. This model was extended to traded services and, in the last 10 years, to the residential and presential economy, taking into account the fact that mobile consumers and residents also bring monetary flows into regions. The city today is both a productive agglomeration and a place of living, for both local and extra-local consumers, heralding the end of the primacy of manufacturing. In this article, we go a step further and consider the primacy of other kinds of export, either based on selling competitive goods or on attracting consumers. Due to changes in globalisation and to the rise of interurban competition for spending, incomes earned on exports are less and less likely to be spent locally, and instead flow out, progressively invalidating the multiplier effect. Consequently, the hypothesis of this article is that the main issue for urban development theories and practices is combining competitiveness in terms of exports with attractiveness to local as well as to external consumers. In this article, we call complexity the idea of pushing aside the focus on exports in order to understand the tensions and synergies between all activities and populations present within the urban space. In order to formulate new research questions, we build a typology of urban income flows and activities.
Lit environments that promote health and well-being
Authors: van Creveld Karen , Mansfield Kevin
Published: January 2020

The beneficial effects of light on human non-image forming processes are subject to much research interest and are outlined in this article. Known mechanisms of impact include those on the circadian timing system, the arousal system and the affective system. An indication is made that it is important to consider the characteristics of the light field not just the light source when making recommendations concerning light of certain spectral quality. What types of light field are people exposed to on a regular basis and can these lit environments be considered beneficial? How much do these lit scenes differ in terms of spectral composition, as well as in light distribution patterns and illuminance levels, from those conditions that are currently suggested for optimising occupant health and wellbeing? A representative set of natural and built lit environments were identified ranging from seascapes/landscapes to an urban square and various interior architectural environments. A photometric and colorimetric snapshot was measured during the midday hours, to replicate the visual field as viewed from the perspective of the observer. The measured spectral irradiance of light received at the cornea was converted into derived lighting metrics that are the subject of current recommendation: relative sensitivity curve ( V λ), vertical/horizontal illuminance ratio ( Ev/Eh), cylindrical illuminance ( Ec) and circadian stimulus. The data were analysed to demonstrate that the indications are that more natural lit environments are expected to be beneficial. Discussion follows about the relative importance of spectral composition, intensity and light distribution within the visual field and how these might combine to optimise our health and wellbeing.

Practical application: Architectural and engineering designers are being encouraged to devise environments that promote human health and wellbeing. New lighting metrics are being suggested and this article seeks to indicate how effective these metrics are in their ability to characterise these lit environments.
A new empirical correlation of minimum miscibility pressure for produced gas reinjection
Authors: He Congge , Fan Zifei , Zhang Chenshuo , Xu Anzhu , Zhao Lun , Luo Erhui , Zeng Xing
Published: January 2020

Minimum miscible pressure is a key parameter to screen and design miscible gas injection projects. The aim of this paper is to establish a correlation with only a few input parameters to easily and accurately predict minimum miscible pressure for the reinjection of produced gas with high acidic components. First, the critical parameters of equation of state for each component of the crude oil were obtained through fitting pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experimental results. Based on the analytically calculated minimum miscible pressures from mixing-cell method, an empirical correlation for predicting minimum miscible pressure in the displacement of crude oil by produced gas was regressed. Finally, the correlation’s accuracy was tested by comparing the minimum miscible pressures predicted from the new proposed correlation to other previous correlations and 20 experimental slim-tube minimum miscible pressures of 12 oil samples. The results indicate that the analytically calculated minimum miscible pressures from the mixing-cell method have a relative error of 0.5% compared to the slim-tube experiment results, which supports its reliability. Furthermore, the new proposed correlation is observed to be superior in terms of the average relative error being only 6.4% for all the 75 analytically calculated minimum miscible pressures and 20 experimental slim-tube minimum miscible pressures, which is lower than the average relative error obtained from other previous correlations.
A Construal Level Account of the Impact of Religion and God on Prosociality
Authors: Karataş Mustafa , Gürhan-Canli Zeynep
Published: January 2020

This research shows that the two most prevalent religious constructs—God and religion—differentially impact cognition. Activating thoughts about God (vs. religion) induces a relatively more abstract (vs. concrete) mindset (Studies 1a–1c). Consequently, time donation intentions (Study 2) and actual monetary donations (Study 3) after a God (vs. religion) prime increase when people are presented an abstractly (vs. concretely) framed donation appeal. Similarly, people donate more money to distant (vs. close) donation targets, which are construed relatively abstractly (vs. concretely), when a religious speech activates predominantly God-specific (vs. religion-specific) thoughts (Study 4). These effects are mediated by “feeling right” under construal level fit (Study 3). Overall, this research significantly advances extant knowledge on religious cognition and past research on the link between religion and prosociality.
Redefining migraine phases – a suggestion based on clinical, physiological, and functional imaging evidence
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , May Arne
Published: January 2020

Migraine is defined by attacks of headache with a specific length and associated symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia and nausea. It is long recognized that migraine is more than just the attacks and that migraine should be understood as a cycling brain disorder with at least 4 phases: interictal, preictal, ictal and postictal. However, unlike the pain phase, the other phases are less well defined, which renders studies focusing on these phases susceptible to bias. We herewith review the available clinical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging data and propose that the preictal phase should be defined as up to 48 hours before the headache attack and the postictal phase as up to 24 hours following the ictal phase. This would allow future studies to specifically investigate these migraine phases and to make study results more comparable.
The origins of China’s distinctive tiered economy
Authors: Yeo Yukyung
Published: January 2020

In this study, I analyse the historical origins of China’s distinctive tiered economy by employing the analytic framework of a complex adaptive system to examine how the process of change involves selection, interaction among elements, and variation in types, which ultimately lead to adaptation. I argue that the rise of China’s tiered economy can be traced back to the Mao era and that it was enhanced throughout Deng’s economic reforms. To elaborate on this argument, I first describe how Mao’s invisible hand planted the seeds of the tiered economy. Selection at the strategy level and the resulting variation are examined as Mao’s adaptive tactics for nurturing the industrial sector. This mechanism of selection was also maintained to partially embrace market forces in Deng’s early era of reform. I then closely examine how Deng’s vision of the socialist market economy provided the party-state with raw materials for adaptation, deepening its tiered economy.
Presence of melamine in human milk and the evaluation of the effects on mother–infant pairs in a cohort study
Authors: Yalçin SS , Güneş B , Yalçin S
Published: January 2020

Melamine contamination is a recent public health problem emerging globally. Present study aimed to detect the rate of melamine presence in human milk in a cohort study and to evaluate any possible differences in maternal–infant pair characteristics such as breastfeeding status, crying and sleep problems of infants, maternal postpartum depression, maternal–infant bonding, infant and maternal anthropometry, and maternal complete blood count caused by the melamine exposure. Mothers of infants born in Şanlıurfa were invited to participate in ‘Urfa Child Cohort Survey’. Overall, two breast milk samples were taken between 5 days and 15 days postpartum and between 4 weeks and 10 weeks. Randox Food’s InfiniPlex array was used to analyse the presence of melamine. Melamine was detected in 32.2% and 24.4% of the first and the second milk samples; 16.7% of mothers had two positive samples. z Scores for birth weight and z scores for height for age were detected to be significantly lower in cases with two positive samples compared to cases with negative samples. Mean maternal white blood cells counts were found to be lower in cases with repeated melamine contact. Melamine might have a detrimental effect on birth weight, infant height and maternal blood count. Further studies should be done to detect environmental contamination in different regions and countries.
Debating Global Food Security Through Models The Agrimonde Foresight Study (2008–2010) and Criticism of Economic Models and of Their ‘Productionist’ Translations
Authors: Tétart Gilles
Published: January 2020

This contribution to the sociology of food security as a globalised public issue highlights the importance of instruments of proof that underlie discourses on related matters. This article addresses the issue of the economic models that are used in the definition of the futures of food security. Through these models, the food security issue is centred on neo-liberal options which systematically and closely connect agricultural productivity and international agricultural trade. Over the last ten years, we have been witnessing the development of new kinds of foresight which construct alternative scenarios. Agrimonde (2008-2010) is one of them. This article highlights how this foresight attempts to open up the debate in instituted networks dedicated to food security in which economic models – and the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) model developed by IFPRI1 in particular – exert a strong influence. Furthermore, it examines the way in which Agrimonde’s construction principles and its underlying axiology engage in a critique of economic models. The Agrimonde approach also includes the mobilisation of the strategic resources required to perform the international debate and to raise the visibility of alternative conceptions of food security.
Do Agricultural Companies that Own Intellectual Property Rights on Seeds and Plant Varieties have a Right-to-Food Responsibility?
Authors: Oke Emmanuel Kolawole
Published: January 2020

Building on both the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the relevant portions of the advisory opinion of the International Monsanto Tribunal, this article presents a normative argument on the right-to-food responsibility of corporate actors that own and exercise intellectual property rights on seeds and plant varieties. This article contends that while states bear the primary responsibility for the right to food, corporate actors that own intellectual property rights on seeds and plant varieties equally have a responsibility to respect the right to food and to ensure that the exercise and enforcement of their intellectual property rights does not negatively affect the ability of small scale farmers to gain access to the means of food production nor threaten agricultural biodiversity, as both of these factors are crucial for ensuring food security. In this regard, agricultural companies that own intellectual property rights on seeds and plant varieties should not engage in activities that negatively impact the non-commercial farmers’ seed system nor should they prevent farmers from saving and exchanging seeds.
Reinvisioning Coparent Curriculum: Meeting the Needs of a Changing Population
Authors: McCann Ellie , Powell Sharon , Becher Emily H. , McGuire Jenifer K.
Published: January 2020

The goal of this article is to provide a framework for practitioners to update their curriculum using an in-depth case study of the Parents Forever program. As new research and best practices change, curriculum authors and program administrators should consider revising both the content and method of delivery of their courses. However, little literature exists to document the pragmatics of this process, particularly when operating within the context of a legislative mandate. The case study of the Parents Forever program curriculum update is grounded in a program life cycle model. Using this model, in-depth descriptions are provided, from beginning observations of current classes to final stages of the evaluation. This included piloting, formative evaluation, implementation, and summative evaluation, including results of a year of teaching the new curriculum, which are described along with next steps.
A computational exploration of the effect of alignment and aspect ratio on alternating current conductivity in carbon nanofiber–modified epoxy
Authors: Tallman Tyler N , Hassan Hashim
Published: January 2020

Carbon nanofiller–modified polymers have been the subject of intense study for years due to their potential use in diverse and far-reaching applications. The effect of nanofiller network parameters on macroscale direct current electrical transport has been thoroughly elucidated by extensive nano-to-microscale modeling. As a result, we now have great insight into how the conductive and piezoresistive properties of nanocomposites can be tailored through judicious control of the underlying nanofiller network. It is also well-known that carbon nanofiller–modified polymers possess frequency-dependent alternating current electrical properties. Even though work has been done to understand the alternating current properties of nanocomposites via experimental characterization and through the development of macroscale equivalent circuit models, much less has been done to understand how macroscale alternating current conductivity depends on microscale effects such as nanofiller alignment and aspect ratio. This is an important knowledge gap because, like direct current conductivity, the underlying nanofiller network ultimately gives rise to macroscale alternating current transport in these materials. To this end, we herein present an alternating current microscale percolation model for carbon filler–based polymer nanocomposites. After calibration against experimental complex impedance data from randomly ordered carbon nanofiber–modified epoxy, this model is used to explore the effect of carbon nanofiber alignment and aspect ratio on alternating current conductivity. These simulations show that alternating current conductivity generally increases with increasing alignment and with aspect ratio; however, the competing effects of alternating current and direct current percolation give rise to substantial variation in alternating current conductivity at low frequencies and with poor percolation. The methodology presented in this article provides a modeling tool by which nanocomposites with highly optimized alternating current properties can be developed through careful control and tailoring of nanofiller network properties for the realization of exotic, next-generation material functionality.
Robust control design of electric helicopter tail reduction system: Fuzzy and optimal view
Authors: Zhu Yinfei , Zhao Han , Sun Hao , Zhen Shengchao , Zhu Zicheng
Published: January 2020

The optimal robust control with a fuzzy approach is applied to design the electric helicopter tail reduction system in this article. Firstly, the fuzzy dynamical model of the electric helicopter tail reduction system with uncertainties and external disturbances is established, which may be time varying. Then, we propose a deterministic robust controller (differing from IF-THEN rules in traditional fuzzy control) to solve the uncertain problem in electric helicopter tail reduction systems. The electromechanical system with the proposed controller is proved to be stable via the Lyapunov function. The control gain with an optimal design is considered, which minimizes a fuzzy performance index associated with both the control error and the control cost. Furthermore, simulations compared with linear-matrix-inequality control are made to validate the effectiveness and stability of the optimal robust controller. All results show that the performance of the fuzzy electric helicopter tail reduction system can be always guaranteed by this optimal robust control approach.
A time-domain procedure for non-Gaussian stationary environmental testing using zero-memory nonlinear transformation
Authors: Cui Song , Zheng Enlai , Kang Min
Published: January 2020

This article proposes a time-domain procedure for a non-Gaussian stationary random vibration test with prescribed power spectral densities. Previous procedures for generating non-Gaussianity suffered from certain defects. For example, zero-memory nonlinear transformation, an algorithm frequently applied to transform Gaussian signals into non-Gaussian signals, often produces changes in both auto-power spectral densities and cross-power spectral densities, which might result in control instability under certain circumstances. In this article, the authors propose a different approach for the zero-memory nonlinear function. First, a time-domain procedure for a non-Gaussian random test is introduced. Second, a rescaling method is applied to correct the magnitude amplification on the auto-power spectral density because of zero-memory nonlinear transformation. We offer experience formulas in this method to adjust the auto-power spectral density of both super-Gaussian and sub-Gaussian responses. Third, a control strategy using a finite impulse response filter is proposed to further improve the auto-power spectral density if the shape of the auto-power spectral density is distorted. The kurtosis loss induced by the filtering process is also analysed and a corresponding solution is put forward to ease the reduction. Numerical test and a biaxial shaker table test are conducted to validate the availability and superiority of the proposed procedure.
Travel connectivity
Authors: Magasic Michelangelo , Gretzel Ulrike
Published: January 2020

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices has been recognised as a significant component of travel experiences. However, the portrayal of internet connectivity as a binary entity within literature has overlooked the significant experiential breadth that exists within the state of being connected. Drawing on the contexts of roaming and the digital divide, this article demonstrates the variable and dynamic nature of connectivity on a worldwide basis, thus highlighting the variety of states of connectivity which may be encountered by tourists. Research was conducted using an autoethnographic methodology employed during a 3-month period of multi-country fieldwork. As its research findings, the article first defines travel connectivity and presents a travel connectivity typology featuring four principal modes based on network quality and range. Second, impacts of each mode of connectivity upon the travel experience are discussed.
Why Does Awe Have Prosocial Effects? New Perspectives on Awe and the Small Self
Authors: Perlin Joshua D. , Li Leon
Published: January 2020

Awe is an emotional response to stimuli that are perceived to be vast (e.g., tall trees, sunsets) and that defy accommodation by existing mental structures. Curiously, awe has prosocial effects despite often being elicited by nonsocial stimuli. The prevailing explanation for why awe has prosocial effects is that awe reduces attention to self-oriented concerns (i.e., awe makes the self small), thereby making more attention available for other-oriented concerns. However, several questions remain unaddressed by the current formulation of this small-self hypothesis. How are awe researchers defining the self, and what implications might their theory of selfhood have for understanding the “smallness” of the self? Building on theories regarding psychological selfhood, we propose that awe may interact with the self not just in terms of attentional focus but rather at multiple layers of selfhood. We further reinterpret the small self using the notion of the quiet ego from personality psychology. Linking awe to an enriched model of the self provided by personality psychology may be fruitful for explaining a range of phenomena and motivating future research.
Outcomes and Incidence of Complications Following Endoscopic Gastrocnemius Recession: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brandão Roberto A. , So Eric , Steriovski James , Hyer Christopher F. , Prissel Mark A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Equinus contracture of the ankle can lead to a multitude of foot and ankle pathologies. The gastrocnemius recession has been used to address equinus deformity via various methods, including either an open or an endoscopic approach. Open techniques require increased intraoperative time and complication risks of sural nerve injury, wound complications, and poor cosmesis. Resultantly, the aim of the current study is to review the complications and outcomes of the endoscopic gastrocnemius recession. Methods: A systematic review of electronic databases was performed. The authors compiled data from retrospective and prospective patient studies including general patient demographics, outcomes, qualitative scoring measures, complications, and surgical technique. Results: Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. A total of 697 feet in 627 patients were included in the current systematic review. The weighted mean age was 45.3 years and weighted mean follow-up was 18.4 months. The most common indication for an endoscopic gastrocnemius recession was equinus contracture. The weighted mean preoperative ankle range of motion was −2.3° and the weighted postoperative ankle range of motion was 10.9°. The most common complications included plantarflexion weakness of the ankle at 3.5%, a sural nerve injury of 3.0% and wound complication rate was 1.0% with no deep infection. The overall complication rate was 7.5%. Conclusion: The endoscopic gastrocnemius recession is a valuable surgical tool in the treatment of ankle equinus. The endoscopic approach has satisfactory outcomes including low incidence of plantarflexion weakness and sural neuritis. Patients should be counseled on these risks preoperatively. Compared with previously reported systematic review of the open technique, the endoscopic approach has a lower overall incidence of complications. Prospective clinical trials comparing open and endoscopic techniques are warranted.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
A case report of psoriasis flare following immunotherapy: Report of an important entity and literature review
Authors: Politi Anastasia , Angelos Dimas , Mauri Davide , Zarkavelis George , Pentheroudakis George
Published: January 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 and anti-programmed death-1, are a type of cancer immunotherapy approved for late-stage malignancy treatment. However, such therapies often induce immune-related adverse events. During anti-programmed death-1 blockade therapy, the most commonly reported adverse effects are skin toxicities, such as psoriasis—a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting the skin. We present the clinical characteristics of flared psoriasis in one patient under anti-programmed death-1 therapy who was diagnosed with T2N2M0/IIIB squamous lung carcinoma with a history of psoriasis for the past 5 years, exacerbated after the first cycle of nivolumab. After the third cycle, the extensive skin plaques necessitated treatment cessation. Following the discontinuation of anti-programmed death-1 treatment, skin lesions were treated locally. Possibly, anti-programmed death-1 immunotherapy can trigger immune-mediated diseases, such as psoriasis. Physicians should be alert to immune-related adverse events. Continuation or permanent cessation of treatment depends on the severity and reversibility of immune-related adverse events.
Macroeconomic Fundamentals and the Exchange Rate Volatility: Empirical Evidence From Somalia
Authors: Nor Mohamed Ibrahim , Masron Tajul Ariffin , Alabdullah Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic factors on the volatility of Somalia’s unregulated exchange rates. While utilizing the EGARCH (exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic) model, this study found that the unregulated exchange rate volatility of Somalia is influenced by its own shocks and the macroeconomic factors. This study implies that although Somali shilling circulated without regulatory authority for the period of the statelessness, this circulation has been accompanied by volatile exchange rates. This phenomenon makes this study an appealing work that should be pursued further. Hence, this study contributes notably to the process of reforming the exchange rate system and the monetary policy of the post-conflict economy of Somalia. In addition, the results of this study imply that even in times of war and lawlessness the laws of economics do not change completely.
“This Isn’t Just About Us”: Articulations of Feminism in Media Narratives of Athlete Activism
Authors: Cooky Cheryl , Antunovic Dunja
Published: January 2020

Historically, the world of sport has served as a symbolic site for social justice, ushering change in the wider society and inspiring movements that often do not directly or solely tie to sport. Recently, academics and sports journalists have noted a “rebirth” of athlete activism in the United States. Despite the activism of women of color, who have initiated and been at the center of these movements, and sportswomen’s outspokenness on a variety of social justice issues, women’s roles are rendered invisible in narratives that instead privilege sportsmen or men’s professional leagues. We examine articulations of feminism in the context of athlete activism and re-center the role of sportswomen. Drawing upon social media, official statements from athletes, and online news media coverage, we locate feminist narratives in networked communication, specifically in the Women’s National Basketball Association’s activism as it relates to #BlackLivesMatter and the U.S. women’s soccer equal pay lawsuit. Our analytical approach is attuned to how feminism circulates in an economy of visibility, where certain feminisms become more visible than others. Our findings illustrate how narratives of solidarity and collectivism are informed by articulations of intersectional and neoliberal feminisms. This article concludes with a call for sports media scholars to tell stories differently.
Trends in Mental Well-Being of Non-Hispanic White Children of Midlife Parents With Low Education
Authors: Bhandari Neeraj
Published: January 2020

Background:

It is unknown whether recent increase in mortality and morbidity linked to mental despair (eg, suicide, opioid addiction, alcoholism) in midlife non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) was accompanied by declines in mental well-being of NHW children. The author examined aggregate trends in the mental well-being of NHW children between 2003 and 2018.

Methods:

The author used linear (unadjusted) regression to generate estimates of long period (ie, between 2003-2005 and 2016-2018) and annual change in mental well-being and self-assessed health from the National Health Interview Survey data on 68 057 NHW children (aged 4-17 years).

Results:

The NHW children showed no significant change in any of the tracked indicators (composite Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] 5-item score: long period: −0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.09 to 0.02, annual: −0.00, 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.00; severe impairment in mental function: long period: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.02; subjective perception of overall health: long period: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01 to −0.00). The author did not detect any gradient of worsening SDQ scores with parental midlife status and low parental education. However, the trends in SDQ scores in NHW children were slightly worse than those for children of other major race/ethnic groups,

Conclusion:

The author did not find evidence of worsening mental distress in NHW children overall or whose parents were in their midlives and less educated.
“Even Though I Have Dementia, I Prefer That They Are Personable”: A Qualitative Focused Ethnography Study in a Danish General Hospital Setting
Authors: Toubøl Annemarie , Moestrup Lene , Ryg Jesper , Thomsen Katja , Nielsen Dorthe Susanne
Published: January 2020

Patients with dementia often face challenges in hospital settings due to cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to explore the encounter between patients with dementia and hospital staff, from the patient perspective. Focused ethnography guided the method for data collection and the analytical approach was abductive. The findings, based on 10 observations of patients with dementia and their encounter with hospital staff in a variety of hospital settings, reveal that staff often seem to not see the person beyond the dementia diagnosis. The findings also show, however, that significant moments are constantly negotiated during encounters between patients with dementia and hospital staff, moments which occasionally allow staff to see the patients to be seen as the person they are. A rethinking of the current dementia discourse is discussed, recommending attention to the two-way interaction between patients with dementia and hospital staff, and within this an awareness of a personable approach.
Multidisciplinary Integrated Pharmacotherapy Curriculum in a Doctor of Pharmacy Program: Educators’ Perceptions, Views, and Perspectives
Authors: Alrasheedy Alian A
Published: January 2020

Background:

In pharmacy education, an integrated curriculum in which the full spectrum of foundational and pharmaceutical sciences is integrated with pharmacotherapy and clinical pharmacy is considered relatively new. At Unaizah College of Pharmacy (UCP), Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, a 6-year PharmD program was developed with a multidisciplinary integrated pharmacotherapy curriculum. The integrated pharmacotherapy curriculum represents approximately half of the didactic curriculum.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions, the views, and experiences of academic faculty members regarding the impact and implementation of the multidisciplinary integrated pharmacotherapy curriculum in the PharmD program.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with all pharmacy faculty members involved in the integrated curriculum. The data-capturing technique in this study was a Web-based survey. In addition, the survey included an open-ended section in which the participants were encouraged to provide comments/feedback and share their experiences about the integrated curriculum.

Results:

The majority of participants (96.88%, n = 31) believed that the integrated curriculum is well suited for developing problem-solving skills needed in pharmacy practice. Similarly, 93.76% (n = 30) believed that the integrated curriculum results in better student learning experiences. Of the participants, 81.26% (n = 26) believed it results in a better understanding and application of pharmaceutical sciences in practice compared with traditional courses. Moreover, 71.88% (n = 23) considered that the required depth and breadth of the content related to their disciplines is achievable with this model. Of all participants, 96.88% (n = 31) believed that the successful implementation of this integrated curriculum needs strong collaboration, effective communication, good coordination between all departments, and a flexible, fully customizable, and effective e-learning system. Moreover, all participants believed that full integration requires careful design and implementation to ensure no overlapping or marginalization of topics/disciplines. In this study, 62.51% (n = 20) believed that the fully integrated curriculum results in a relatively higher workload compared with traditional courses.

Conclusions:

The majority of faculty members had positive perceptions regarding the multidisciplinary integrated pharmacotherapy curriculum. Moreover, the majority had positive views and experiences regarding the implementation of this integrated curriculum. The study identified several factors that helped in the successful implementation of this curriculum. Moreover, several challenges have been identified, including more investment in time and effort to implement this fully integrated curriculum.
Molecular MRD status and outcome after transplantation in NPM1-mutated AML
Authors: Dillon Richard , Hills Robert , Freeman Sylvie , Potter Nicola , Jovanovic Jelena , Ivey Adam , Kanda Anju Shankar , Runglall Manohursingh , Foot Nicola , Valganon Mikel , Khwaja Asim , Cavenagh Jamie , Smith Matthew , Ommen Hans Beier , Overgaard Ulrik Malthe , Dennis Mike , Knapper Steven , Kaur Harpreet , Taussig David , Mehta Priyanka , Raj Kavita , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Nikolousis Emmanouil , Danby Robert , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Hill Kate , Finnegan Damian , Alimam Samah , Hurst Erin , Johnson Peter , Khan Anjum , Salim Rahuman , Craddock Charles , Spearing Ruth , Gilkes Amanda , Gale Rosemary , Burnett Alan , Russell Nigel H. , Grimwade David
Published: January 2020

Relapse remains the most common cause of treatment failure for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), and carries a grave prognosis. Multiple studies have identified the presence of measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by flow cytometry before alloSCT as a strong predictor of relapse, but it is not clear how these findings apply to patients who test positive in molecular MRD assays, which have far greater sensitivity. We analyzed pretransplant blood and bone marrow samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 107 patients with NPM1-mutant AML enrolled in the UK National Cancer Research Institute AML17 study. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, patients with negative, low (<200 copies per 105ABL in the peripheral blood and <1000 copies in the bone marrow aspirate), and high levels of MRD had an estimated 2-year overall survival (2y-OS) of 83%, 63%, and 13%, respectively (P < .0001). Focusing on patients with low-level MRD before alloSCT, those with FLT3 internal tandem duplications(ITDs) had significantly poorer outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 6.14; P = .01). Combining these variables was highly prognostic, dividing patients into 2 groups with 2y-OS of 17% and 82% (HR, 13.2; P < .0001). T-depletion was associated with significantly reduced survival both in the entire cohort (2y-OS, 56% vs 96%; HR, 3.24; P = .0005) and in MRD-positive patients (2y-OS, 34% vs 100%; HR, 3.78; P = .003), but there was no significant effect of either conditioning regimen or donor source on outcome. Registered at ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55675535).