bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Weevil Control In Ohio, 1995
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley H. R.
Published: December 2017

A test to evaluate the efficacy of 4 foliar insecticide treatments for control of AW was conducted on first cutting alfalfa at the OARDC Western Branch Station near South Charleston. Plots were 30 X 50 ft with 4 replications in a RCBD. Treatments were applied on 13 May with a custom built sprayer having a boom length of 15 ft and flat spray tip nozzles (TeeJet 8003VS) mounted at 15 inch intervals. The system was calibrated to deliver 32.8 gpa at 30 psi at a tractor speed of 3.5 mph. Abundance of AW larvae was estimated prior to treatment and 3, 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 20 stems per plot, shaking the stem samples in a bucket, and counting the number of larvae collected in the bucket.
Evaluation of Corn Rootworm Insecticide Treatments and Carry-Over Control of European Corn Borers in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W.
Published: December 2017

A secondary benefit of corn rootworm insecticide treatments could be the residual control of European corn borer (ECB) larvae. Our study was repeated at sites near Aurora, Cavour, Delmont, and Garretson, South Dakota to assess the efficacy and secondary ECB control provided by 3 insecticides (Furadan, 60720A, & Regent). Treatment plots consisted of single 15.2 m long rows which were spaced 96.5 cm apart. The study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates at each site. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row com planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter before applications. Banded (B) insecticide treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow in front of furrow-closing wheels (T-band), and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow (F) treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Cultivation-time liquids were applied using a CO2-powered backpack canister sprayer system equipped with a single nozzle (Teejet 8003 flat fan) hand-held boom. The system was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. To evaluate rootworm damage 5 roots per replicate were dug for each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for corn rootworm larval feeding damage, and rated in accordance with the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. For assessment of ECB control, 10 com stalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Plants were split vertically and examined for corn borer tunneling damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were analyzed along with root injury data using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure and means were compared by DMRT.
1St Generation European Corn Borer Larvicide Trial, 1995
Authors: Haas M. J. , Landis D. A.
Published: December 2017

The trial was planted 8 May at the Entomology Research Farm in East Lansing, MI. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticides applied at-threshold for ECB control were delivered through electrically driven Noble metering units attached to a toolbar behind the tractor. Liquid materials were applied with a backpack sprayer. Several registered corn rootworm insecticides were included in the test to address the question of whether or not 1 st generation ECB protection can be expected from an insecticide application targeting corn rootworm (CRW) larvae. These were applied as a T-band and incorporated with drag chains. The time of application for the CRW treatments is referred to as “at planting”, except in the case of Furadan 4F targeting CRW which is indicated by “cultivation”. The cultivation treatment was applied on 6 Jun. The Furadan 4F cultivation plots consisted of 3 rows to allow for broadcast application. All other plots were 1 row X 50 ft. Each plot had an untreated buffer row on either side. Ten consecutive plants in each plot were artificially infested with 2 blackhead-stage ECB egg masses. European corn borer threshold treatments were applied 5 d after artificial infestation. The number of artificially infested plants with ECB cavities, the total number of cavities and the cumulative cm of cavity length were recorded as a measure of ECB damage. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using DMRT.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra D.
Published: December 2017

Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (17% Experiment I and 42% Experiment II) and WCR (83% Experiment I and 58% Experiment II) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Corn was planted no-till on 16 May in both experiments using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30-inch row spacing. The Lorsban 4E with 9-18-9 fertilizer in solution was applied at each site 22 May. Rain prevented application of this treatment earlier. Insecticides were applied to 5X40 ft plots in a RCB design with 4 replications per treatment. Plant populations were counted 15 Jun at both locations to identify seedling emergence and phytotoxicity that may have resulted from the treatments. Root damage ratings were evaluated 21 Jul (Experiment I) and 25 Jul (Experiment II) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yields were determined in Experiment I as silage using a silage harvester on 12 Sep. One row of corn was harvested per plot and the row harvested was in the same relative position in all plots. Yield in Experiment II was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 23 Oct. Percent moisture in the silage plots was determined by drying a subsample (at 2.0 lb wet) from each plot and silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture. Percent moisture in the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture.
Insecticide Control of Western Corn Rootworm Beetles, 1995
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J.
Published: December 2017

Various pesticides were applied to milk stage (R7 stage) field corn on 14 Aug., near North Platte, NE. The treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 30 psi (206, 786 Pa), in a total volume of 21 gal/acre (196.4 liter/ha). Each treatment was applied to 3 X 10 m plots, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Three days before the pesticide application the number of WCRW were counted on 4 randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. In addition, the presence of spider mites was evaluated on the same plants by inspecting leaves below the ear leaf for colonies the size of a quarter or larger. The number of WCRW and the number of mite infested leaves were evaluated 3 and 14 DAT on 4 different randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. In addition to counting the number of mite infested leaves, the size of the mite colonies was rated on a 0-6 scale, on the 3 lowest leaves of 4 different randomly selected plants 14 DAT.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1995
Authors: Elzen G. W.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 5 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gal/acre at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2 TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. A pretreatment survey on 19 Jun indicated a moderate aphid infestation. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Jun. Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top and middle portions of 80 randomly chosen plants/treatment at 3 and 6 or 7 DAT.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Ovicides for Control of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Klein C. D. , Johnson D. R. , Meyers H. B.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 14 and 27 Jul with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TSX-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacing. Insect counts were made at 4 DAT by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Plots were harvested on 15 Oct using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil, 1995
Authors: Bernhardt J.L.
Published: December 2017

Various formulations and application times of fipronil were compared with Furadan 3G and an untreated check for control of RWW. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch row spacing) X 25 ft with a 2 ft alley between plots. Rice was drill-seeded in a Crowley silt loam at 115 lb/acre on 11 May and emerged on 18 May. Broadcast applications of fipronil 1.65G were applied with a hand-shaker to either preplant dry soil and lightly incorporated with a hand-rake on 11 May or to dry soil immediately prior to application of permanent flood on 8 Jun. Fipronil 80WG was applied with a CO2-powered back pack sprayer with a 3 nozzle. (TeeJet 8002 flat fan) boom delivering 16 gpa at 22 PSL to either preplant dry soil and lightly incorporated with a hand-rake on 11 May or to dry soil tank-mixed with propanil at 4.0 lb (AI)/acre on 6 Jun. Furadan 3G was applied 7 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. Propanil and Bolero at 3.0 and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 6 Jun. Permanent flood was established on 8 Jun. Londax at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre was added to the permanent flood on 12 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 90 lb/acre on 8 Jun and 30 lb/acre each on 9 and 16 Jul. On 29 and 30 Jun and on 13 and 14 Jul five 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 7 plants/core were removed from each plot. Soil was washed from plant roots into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows X 20 ft of plots were harvested on 12 Sep. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Sorghum Midge on Sorghum, 1995
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L.
Published: December 2017

Selected insecticides were evaluated for sorghum midge control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Seed of hybrid grain sorghum (ATx399 X RTx430) was planted 16 May on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 6 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots. Insecticides were applied between 0800 and 0900 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Insecticides were first applied when 30-50% of the panicles were flowering; insecticides were applied on 15, 19, and 23 Jul. Adult sorghum midge abundance was assessed just prior to each application by counting the number of sorghum midges on 10 individual sorghum panicles enclosed in clear plastic bags. The panicles were cut from the plant and returned to the laboratory for examination and sorghum midge counts. Grain yield data were collected from the 2 middle rows per plot. Panicles were hand harvested from 2 selected 8.75-ft sections of row/plot and mechanically threshed. Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD.
Foliar Sprays to Control Mites in Soybeans, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted in a commercial field drill planted on 5 Jun near Craddockville, VA (Accomack County). Each plot consisted of a 25 ft long by 5 ft wide row with a 1 ft wide buffer zone between rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. In order to flare the mite population as uniformly as possible throughout the test, the site was sprayed with Sevin XLR (lqt product/acre) on 21 Jul. The treatments were applied on 26 Jul and 8 Aug. Sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 37 gpa at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of mite counts on 5 randomly picked trifoliate leaves/plot on 28 Jul, 1,7, 14 and 21 Aug. Sweep net samples (12 sweeps/25 ft plot) for CEW were made on 17 Aug.
Tobacco Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B.
Published: December 2017

This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate various foliar insecticides for TA control and to determine the resulting effects on the yield and price of flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco ‘K-326’ was transplanted into experimental plots on 16 May. Nine treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through 3, TX-12 nozzles/row on 3 Jul. Temperatures ranged from 85-88 °F during application. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before treatment and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT. On 21 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0-10 where 0 = no injury and 10 = very severe injury as indicated by necrotic leaf tissue, honeydew, and sooty mold. Except for insect control, flue-cured tobacco production methods including transplanting, fertilization, topping, sucker control, and herbicide and fungicide applications followed recommendations by the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Dipel 4L was applied at 0.5 qt/acre to the entire test on 4 Aug for tobacco hornworm control. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened. It was cured, weighed, and graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield and price were calculated. Price was based on 1995 market prices for the assigned grades. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated WD test (K-ratio = 100). TA count data were transformed to Logl0(X+l) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Late Season Hornworms in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1995
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. , McPherson Robert M.
Published: December 2017

Flue-cured tobacco, CV K-326, was transplanted on 3 Apr at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tilliam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 20 feet long were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. On 10 Jul, all plants in each plot were cut down to a 12 inch mainstalk, all leaves were removed, and 100 lb/acre of additional nitrogen (16-0-0) was applied. All cut plants were then allowed to regrow with 2-3 main shoots. On 25 Jul, 5 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3, TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 22.6 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live hornworms was recorded per 5 plants on row 2 of each plot prior to the application, and 5, 9, and 13 d after this spray. The percent defoliation was visually estimated 10 d after treatment. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests (P = 0.05).
Apple, Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Tabm, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: December 2017

Two rates of two Bacillus thuringiensis products were compared to the organophosphate Lorsban for control of TABM. The treatments were applied to single tree plots in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 3 replicates of ‘Rome Beauty’. Treated plots were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 17 yr old and planted at a spacing of 24 X 35 ft. Sprays were applied with a handgun at 400 psi from a truck-mounted sprayer equipped with a Kohler 23 gpm pump. Approximately 5.5 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree (ca 300 gpa). The dates of application for the treatments were 9 and 23 Jun (1st brood control, 20-30% and 80-90% egg hatch [585-640 degree days (DD) and 910-965 DD, respectively, from first phenomena trap capture of TABM) and 11, 21 and 31 Aug (2nd brood control, 20-30%, 50-60% and 80-90% egg hatch [2355-2435 DD, 2585-2665 DD and 2815-2890 DD, respectively, from first trap capture of TABM). All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP. Also, an alternate row middle application of Swat 8EC was made for aphid control on 29 Jun and an alternate row middle application of Kelthane 50WP plus Carzol 92SP was made for mite suppression on 28 Jul. Effect of the test chemicals on the ERM/TSSM complex was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 150 leaves/ treatment. Shelters of the various leafrollers were counted in a 5 min examination of each replicate on 18 Jul. All larvae were collected and returned to the laboratory for identification. On 20 Sep, ≈ 150 apples (75 top and 75 bottom) were randomly sampled for fruit injury from each ‘Golden Delicious’ tree. On 2 Oct the same number of apples and sampling scheme was used for each ‘Rome Beauty’ tree. Up to 25 dropped fruit per tree were also evaluated for fruit injury.
Control of Japanese Beetle and Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Rough in Summit County, OHIO, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M.
Published: December 2017

The study was located on a golf course rough at Akron, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 24 Aug to plots 8 X 10 ft (2.4 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied using a drop spreader. All liquids were applied with a CO2 sprayer and TeeJet™ 8015 nozzles at 60 psi (4.22 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2 (1222 liter/ha). The entire experimental area received ½inch of posttreatment irrigation using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows: JB: approximately 12/ ft; 20% 1", 70% 2nd, 10% 3rd instars; NMC approximately 8/ft2; 20% 2nd, 80% 3rd instars; Turf: level, dry, 2.25 inch (5.7 cm) ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 25% annual bluegrass, 25% bentgrass, No thatch; Soil: moist, 72°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 72°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: sunny, 75°F, 0-2 mph (0-3 km/h). Efficacy data taken 27 Sep (30 DAT) were based on the number of live, in six 7 X 7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) square samples from each plot.
Late Season Control of Mole Crickets on High Maintenance Turf in Texas, 1995
Authors: Reinert James A.
Published: December 2017

The study was located on a golf course tee and green approach at the Austin Country Club, Austin, TX. The turf area was not uniformly infested with mole crickets, so a 2.5 x 2.5 m square of PVC pipe was individually placed on the highest infested areas and each plot was outlined with turf marking paint. Pre-treatment tunneling activity was determined by placing a 1 m2 PVC (subdivided into 25 grids) frame in the center of each plot and accessing the percent of grids with active tunneling activity (activity within a grid represented 4% damage). Plots were blocked according to infestation level in a RCB design with 5 replications. Plots were treated on 14 Aug, 1995. Treatments were applied with 2-gal pressurized sprayers and washed in with ca. 4 gal of water per plot. The measure of control was assessed by evaluating new tunneling activity the following two days after treatments. All tunneling activity was washed down with irrigation each evening so assays taken early the following morning would only reflect new tunneling that had occurred the previous night.
Efficacy of Merit and Tempo Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J.
Published: December 2017

Merit and Tempo were tested for efficacy against annual bluegrass weevil larvae on a golf course fairway in Scarborough, New York. The fairway consisted of 60% creeping bentgrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 10% perennial ryegrass, and was mowed at ca. 0.8 inches. Treatment plots were 7 ft by 7 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 7:00 and 8:15 AM on 2 May 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 52° F, light overcast following light overnight rain, calm; soil temp. (2 inch), 52° F; forsythia past peak blossom, flowering dogwood beginning to show color; soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.5; water pH, 7.0; thatch 0.6 inch thick with moderate density. The trial was irrigated with 0.1 inch water 30 min after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 12 June (41 DAT) by inspecting 12 cores (2.1 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, and recording the number of small (1st, 2nd, or 3rd instar), medium (4th instar), and large (5th instar) larvae, pupae, and adults. At the time of sampling, the population was: 7% small larvae, 18% medium larvae, 62% large larvae, 13% pupae. Each observation consisted of 3 cores, and there were 4 observations per plot.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Imidacloprid and Carbaryl on Es-Tablished Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R.
Published: December 2017

The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 79° F; RH, 61.0%; amount of thatch, 0.5-1.0 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 28.8% sand, 50.4% silt, 20.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.5%; organic matter, 7.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, early evening; and sunny skies. Immediately after treatment the area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates, Aug 17 and Aug 30). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate. The total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Honeylocust Spider Mite Control, Trial Two, Ft. Collins, Co 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted on thornless honey locust, approximately 15-ft in height, located in a parking lot in southwest Ft. Collins, CO. Plots consisted of the terminals of individual branches, averaging approximately 3-ft in length. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. Dust treatments of deltamethrin were applied using a Chapin duster, 29 Aug. All other treatments were applied with a hand-operated pump mister 28 Aug covering the foliage to near point of run-off. Evaluations were made 5 Sep and 14 Sep by counting the number of mites on 5 leaves randomly selected from each plot.
Laboratory Evaluation of Two New Formulations of Ascend (Abamectin 0.011% AI) Against the Red Imported Fire Ant, 1994
Authors: Summerlin Bill , Gold Roger , Cook Jerry
Published: December 2017

Three sets of five colonies each were used for testing in the laboratory. Three g of each test bait (143-098 and 143-099) were placed in each of five colony pans for 72 h. Another set received 3 g of PT-370 Ascend (abamectin 0.011% AI) and served as a control. After 72 h exposure in the foraging arena, the baits were removed and again weighed to determine the relative attractancy and acceptance of each of the baits. Regular feeding resumed after an additional 24 h. Mortality of ants and changes in brood volume and composition were assessed at weekly intervals (for 6 wk) beginning one week posttreatment.
Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Spinosad, 1995
Authors: Olson Brian D. , Thompson Gary D.
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted in a 16-yr-old orchard of ‘Rhode Island Greening‘ trees which measured 12 ft wide and 10-16 ft high and were planted 20 by 20 ft. The treatments were replicated 4 times as single-tree plots and arranged in a randomized block design, with each plot surrounded by 4 unsprayed buffer trees. Treatments were applied with a FMC DO 10 handgun sprayer operated at 150 psi. Approximately 3.6 gal of spray solution was applied to each tree as a spray to drip treatment. Treatments were applied at approximately 10, 50 and 90% egg hatch of OBLR 29 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul, respectively. Application of treatments were arranged in 3 different spray schedules: A, 29 Jun and 10 Jul; B, 10 Jul and 24 Jul; and C, 29 Jun, 10 Jul and 24 Jul. Spinosad was compared to a standard commercial treatment, Lorsban 50W (170 g AI per 100 gal applied on schedule C) and an untreated check. On 16 Aug, 100 terminals per plot were assessed for feeding damage caused by the summer generation of OBLR larvae. On 22 Aug, 100 fruit were collected from each plot and assessed for damage caused by larvae. The Spinosad treatments were analyzed separately as a factorial experiment to compare main effects of rate and schedule.
Efficacy of Insecticide Ear Tags on Cattle in Central Kentucky, 1995
Authors: Webb J. D. , Knapp F. W.
Published: December 2017

Tests were conducted on 5 beef cattle herds in central Kentucky using insecticide ear tags against horn flies and face flies. Ear tags were applied 1/ear in all tests during a 5-day period starting 10 Jun 1995. All tags were applied 1 per ear on all adults and weaned animals in each group. Using binoculars, horn fly estimates were taken on one side of 10 animals while face flies were counted on the head and face of the same animals at weekly intervals.
Laboratory Trials of the Rohm and Haas Rh-7988 Aphicide
Authors: Kund G. S. , Carson W. G. , Trumble J. T.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy tests were performed with RH-7988 on the black bean aphid complex with direct contact and residual studies utilizing celery plants. Ninety celery plants were planted in 4“ square pots using U.C. soil mix. They were fertilized weekly with Miracle Grow at a rate of 0.5 tablespoons per gallon of water. The test was started by cutting back the 90 celery plants to a single shoot of growth 5 cm in height. Each celery plant had a chromotography disc placed around the base of the plant. This was done to provide a clean white surface which made it easy to identify any aphids which fell from the plants. Twenty subadult aphids were placed onto the control plants and the plants used in the contact test. The aphids were allowed to acclimate for 48 hours prior to spraying. The test was setup using two treatments. One treatment was at a level of 0.06 Al/acre and the second treatment was at 0.125 Al/acre. Both concentrations were used for a contact test, and residual tests of 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h post application. Ten replicates were used for each treatment. The solutions were prepared by adding the RH-7988 25 WP to distilled water containing a 0.08 v/v concentration of Latron AG-98. Each plant was sprayed once until runoff. The aphids were counted every 24 hours. Residual studies were performed by applying 20 aphids to each plant 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h post spraying. The temperature range was 76-84 °F with an approximate RH of 52%.
Sunlight Residual Activity of Spinosad for the Control of Tobacco Budworm on Cotton, 1994
Authors: Larson L.L.
Published: December 2017

Spinosad is the first example of the naturalyte insect control class. The sunlight residual activity for a variety of spinosad formulas was studied utilizing a leat disc bioassay. Greenhouse grown, 5-7 leaf cotton plants were sprayed to run off using a DeVilb’is atomizer at approximately 3 lbs. of air pressure. The rates began at 200 PPM and were serially diluted at 4 fold increments for a total of 6 rates. The plants were allowed to air dry and an initial set of leaf discs taken. The leaf discs were placed in one ounce cups and infested with one late second instar tobacco budworm larva. There were 10 replicates per treatment so 60 larvae were used to generate each LC50. The plants were stored for 8 hours per day in early October sunlight outside our Indianapolis greenhouses and the procedure was repeated at 7 and 14 DAT. The cups were evaluated 72 hours after infestation and percent mortality recorded. Log dose probit analyses were run utilizing a trimmed Spearman-Karber method.
Bioassay, Effect of Spinosad on Neonate Leafroller Larvae, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D.
Published: December 2017

Spinosad DE-105 1.6% was evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for its effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amount of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. A small amount (approximately 2 u.1) of wetting agent, Latron B-1956, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from Delicious trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a Petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50X9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The Petri dish lids were put in place, and dishes were stored inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (±2°F) constant temperature and 16:8 photoperiod. Petri dishes were examined after 7 and 14 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).
Apple, Pre-Bloom Control of European Red Mite with Apollo and Savey, 1995
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R.
Published: December 2017

A 16-yr-old block of ‘Delicious’ apples with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC) was used for this study. Plots consisted of two groups of 5 trees each, with 2 trees in each group serving as sample trees. Treatments consisted of Apollo at tight cluster (28 March), Savey with and without 1% oil at pink (4 April), oil (2%) at tight cluster followed by Omite 30W on 19 Jul, and an untreated control. A conventional fungicide program was applied to all treatments throughout the season, and an application of Dimethoate 4E at petal fall (24 Apr) and Imidan 70W (2.5 lbs/acre) at first cover on (8 May). Applications of test materials were made with a hand-gun sprayer. Mite populations were monitored weekly by collecting 20 leaves per treatment, remaining them with a mite brushing machine and counting the number of ERM eggs and motiles and AF under a microscope. SP were assessed weekly by conducting a 3-min search per treatment. Mite-days were calculated by multiplying the number of days between successive sample periods by the mean mite population of the two sample dates, and cumulated for all sample dates. All data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and means separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Fireworm Control, 1995
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y.
Published: December 2017

Materials were applied on 1 Aug, when there was ca. 1 webbed stem/ft2, and again on 17 Aug for RSF larval control to 10- by 10-ft plots in a pruned blueberry field at Township 18, Maine. Blueberry plants were ca. 25% tip die-back stage on 1 Aug and 90% tip die-back stage on 17 Aug. There were 3 replications of each treatment in a RCBD with a minimum 3-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 30-inch boom sprayer with 4 flat spray, 800067 TeeJet nozzles operating at 40 psi. On sample dates indicated in table, all stems with leaves webbed together by larvae were counted in 5, sq ft areas per plot. August was generally warm with less than adequate rainfall; only 1.27 inches of rain was recorded for the entire month.
Effect of Rate and Timing of Biorational Materials for Control of First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Nymphs, 1995
Authors: Beers E. H.
Published: December 2017

The test was conducted in a mature apple orchard (several strains of ‘Delicious’) on the grounds of the Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times, with each replicate consisting of a single tree. The experimental design was a RCB, using pre-treatment WALH populations as the blocking factor. The experimental treatments (three types of horticultural mineral oil and Neemix, a neem product) were applied at various rates and timings. The standard timing was the presence of the first 4th instar nymphs (10 May). The end-of-generation timing (EOG) was the presence of the first adults (26 May). Pesticides were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip. WALH phenology was determined by twice-weekly samples beginning in late bloom. A minimum of 100 nymphs was examined and categorized by instar. Presence of adults (EOG timing) was determined by examining the leaves in the field. Sprays were applied the day after the appropriate phenological stage was reached. Leafhopper populations were sampled ca. weekly by counting in situ all live nymphs on 20 leaves per tree, distributed throughout the tree canopy.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1995
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , Ellis M. S.
Published: December 2017

In an experimental ‘Clinton’ vineyard at Wooster, Ohio, plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) on 18 Jul, and 8 Aug. A hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2), equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle, was used to apply treatments. No surfactant was added to any of the treatments. On 19 Sep, 20 grape clusters from each replicate were randomly examined to determine the number of clusters infested by grape berry moth.
Control of Citrus Thrips on Arizona Lemons, 1995
Authors: Kerns D. L.
Published: December 2017

Seven yr old lemon trees owned by Glen Curtis Inc. in Yuma, AZ were treated with insecticides for control of citrus thrips. The test was a RCB design consisting of four replicates. Each plot (30 ft by 90 ft) consisted of three trees in a row spaced 30 ft apart. Applications were made using a backpack air-blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Applications were initiated approximately seven d after petal fall. All treatment applications included Kinetic spreader-sticker at 0.1% v/v. Treatments were applied on Mar 31, May 6 and May 21. Evaluations were made on Apr 4, Apr 7, Apr 14, Apr 21, Apr 28, May 5, May 8, May 12, May 19, May 23 and May 30. Percent infested fruit were estimated by sampling ten fruit per tree for the presence or absence of immature CT. Fruit damage was estimated on Jul 18 by rating the degree of scarring on the rind. Scarring was rated as 1 = no scarring, 2 = slight scarring around the calyx, 3 = significant scarring around the calyx, 4 = slight scarring on the side of the fruit and 5 = major scarring on the side of the fruit. Percentage fruit infested with immature CT were transformed using a square-root transformation for analysis, percentage values are presented in the tables. Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
A Comparison of Merck Materials and a Standard Insecticide for Control of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: December 2017

Cabbage was transplanted on 12 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times (3 times for 24 Oct trial) in a RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 30 gpa.at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Silwet L-77 sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments.
Use of Beauveria Bassiana, an Entomopathogen, to Control Nymphs of Bemisia Argentifolii Under Field Conditions, 1995
Authors: Liu T.-X. , Conner J. M. , Stansly P. A.
Published: December 2017

Eight pairs of raised beds, 91 cm wide on 180 cm centers, were fertilized and maintained using the standard practices 3 wk before setting eggplant and tomato transplants in adjacent rows at 51 cm spacing. Two plots designated in each row for the trial were 6.5 m long and separated at either end by a 1 m buffer, to give two RCB designs (one for eggplant and other for tomato), each with 2 treatments and 8 replications. The treatment material was Mycotrol WP9504 (Mycotech Stain GHA spores, 22%; 4.4 X 1010 spores/g; Mycotech, Butte, MT) which was applied at a rate of 1.1 kg/ha (1 lb/acre) as recommended five times weekly from 21 Apr until 7 May 1995. Spray was delivered using a high clearance sprayer utilizing an hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi and equipped with drop nozzles, 8 “ATR Yellow” Albuz® hollow cone per row, to deliver 81 gpa. Weekly samples of SWF immatures from 24 Apr consisted of a single, 6th or 7th leaf from the terminal, leaf each from 3 randomly selected plants per plot, collected into plastic zip-lock bags, and brought back to the laboratory. Whitefly immatures (eggs, nymphs and pupae) were examined on four 1-cm2 disks, 2 on each side of the mid-vein. Eggs, young (1 st and 2nd instar) and old (3rd and 4th instar) nymphs and pupae (red-eyed nymphs) of SWF on 12 cm2 leaf area were counted under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996A
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Ragsdale David W.
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted 21 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long with 12 ft alleyways separating plots. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants. Four treatments and an untreated check plot were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Early and late blight were controlled by seven applications of chlorothalonil. Foliar insecticide applications were made 10 Jul and 16 Jul. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted Brittonya boom sprayer delivering 40 gpa at 90 psi with 3 nozzles per row. Number of small (instar 1-2) and large (instar 3-1) larvae were counted on 5 randomly selected plants per row in each plot (20 plots per plot) on 11 Jul and 17 Jul. Percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspection of 5 randomly selected plants per row in each plot (20 plants per plot) on 17 Jul. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of count and percentage data using log,0(x + 1) and arcsim/(x), respectively. Due to the very high CPB pressure in this location, some plots were completely defo-liated by the third week in July. No treatments were applied after 17 Jul due to near absence of a second generation of CPB.
Mocap and Aztec on Reducing Wireworm Damage to Potato Tubers, 1995
Authors: Pavlista Alexander D.
Published: December 2017

Two trials, one using Aztec and the other using Mocap, were conducted at Hershey, NE, on a well drained loamy soil with a neutral pH and 2% organic matter. Fertilization was 130 lb N/acre 100 lb P/acre, 40 lb K/acre, and 90 lb S/acre. Precut, TOPS 2.5D-treated potatoes variety ‘Krantz’ were planted on 17 May. Soil temperature at planting was bout 55 deg F. Ridomi/Bravo for blight control and Champ were applied. Asana was applied to foliage for Colorado potato beetle control. Turbo was applied at emergence and Eptam at post-emergence for weed suppression. Temperature and rainfall were above normal. Irrigation via center-pivot was about 2 inch per week during tuber bulking. Mocap 10G, Mocap 6EC, Mocap 6GEL, EXP 60655A 80WG, and Dyfonate II 20G, and were all applied in a banti in the furrow prior to planting. Aztec 2.1 %G at 0.48 lb and 0.64 lb/1000 linear feet applied in the furrow prior to planting or after planting, and Admire 2f at 1.3 fl oz/1000 linear feet applied in-furrow before planting were compared in the other trial. Treatments were replicated six times in RCB design. Plob were single rows spaced 36 inches apart and 30 feet long. They were harvested on 6 Sep. Wireworm holes were counted in 50-tuber subsamples/plot.
Evaluation of Mechanical Control and Alternative Insecticides for Managing Squash Vine Borer on Summer Squash, 1996
Authors: Boucher J. , Nixon G.
Published: December 2017

‘Multipik’ summer squash were direct seeded 28 Jun, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seedbed technique, using paraquat as a preplant application, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single 24-ft long row, with 2-ft spacing between plants and 4 ft between rows. Four treatments were replicated four times in a RCBD. Two treatments involved application of Neemix or Ambush at weekly intervals on 12, 19, and 26 Jul and 2 Aug. The third treatment involved washing the entire plant stem above the soil surface with an ordinary face-cloth and a 0.5% solution of dish detergent (Sunlight, Lever Brother’s Co., NY, NY) on the above dates. The fourth was the unsprayed check. Insecticide applications were directed at the foliage and stems by spraying plots from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. Fruit from five plants per plot were harvested, counted and weighed on 9, 12, 16 and 19 Aug. Five plants from each plot were dissected on 19 Aug and SVB larvae were counted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (larval infestations) or GLM (yields) and Fisher’s LSD.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Bedding Trays of Tomatoes, 1996
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Cain Carol , Boltz Melanie
Published: December 2017

The experimental design was a RCB design with four replications and 8 treatments. Drenching doses were 0 (two controls per block), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. In addition, a drench treatment of 16 fluid oz of Admire was applied in the transplant water. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (20 tomato plants) with rows spaced 64 inches apart. Plots were planted 14 May. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of egg clusters, early larvae (first/second instars), late larvae (third/fourth instars), live adults, and dead adults on the ground. Percent defoliation was recorded per plant at two times. Plots were harvested and graded on 8 Aug.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Watermelons, 1996
Authors: Fouche Calvin , Valencia Jesus , Mullen Robert , Viss Ted
Published: December 2017

Five treatments were evaluated in a commercial field near French Camp, CA, to determine their efficacy in controlling spider mites. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Sprays were applied with a backpack mist blower on 28 Jun and 11 Jul in 80 gpa. Infestations were monitored by removing 10 leaves per plot and counting the number of aphids and mites. For the mites, leaves were passed through a mite-brushing machine and then counting mites under a binocular dis-secting scope at 15X.
Corn Rootworm Insecticide Screening, 1996
Authors: Jarvi Keith , Echtenkamp Jerry , Witkowski John
Published: December 2017

The test plots were planted on 6 May. 7-inch banded (TB) and in-furrow (IF) treatments were applied at regular labeled and reduced (R) rates. Most treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributor mounted on a John Deere Maxe-merge equipped with incorporation tines. Regent 80 WP was applied in the seed furrow in front of the press wheel with a backpack sprayer equipped with a hand held nozzle calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa finished spray. Smartbox (SB) planting time treatments were applied separately with the Smartbox mounted on the tractor. Cultivation treatments (C) were applied over the row on 11 Jun with the cone-belt distributor mounted on a hand-powered bicycle wheel applicator. The entire plot was cultivated immediately after application of the 11 Jun treatments by a tractor mounted cultivator. The seeding rate was 20,300 seeds/acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silt loam (OM > 3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The field was disked twice prior to planting. Approximately 20% corn stalk residue was remaining after field preparation. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications, each treatment being a single, 45 ft long row. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within VA inch of the stalk). The roots were dug and rated on 23 and 25 Jul. Topsoil and subsoil moisture was at field capacity at planting time.
Evaluation of Alert 2 Sc Against Corn Thrips, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R.
Published: December 2017

Com thrips is an important pest of the com seed industry in Hawaii. If the insect is not controlled, the pest causes direct feeding injury that results in plant stunting or death of young com plants. At these injury levels, economic reductions in seed yield of 70 to 100% have occurred.
Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1996
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Tollefson J. J. , Wang X.
Published: December 2017

Planting-time soil insecticides and seed-treatments were evaluated for wireworm control in a silty clay loam field near Garner, I A. The field was replanted due to severe wireworm damage. Remaining corn seedlings in the field’s wire-worm “hot spot” area were disked out and the test plot was planted on 10 Jun in a RCBD design with four replications. Treatments were applied to single, 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter. Regent 80WG treatments were applied at 1.0 gpa using a #15 disk orifice placed in-line and 16psi. A steady stream of dilution was delivered in-furrow through a tube placed between the seed-furrow, disk-openers. Planter-mounted drag chains were used for incorporation. Seed treatments were assigned to extra, individual seed hoppers. On 1 Jun, stand counts were taken from 1/1000 acre per treatment. Seeds/seedlings were then carefully extracted from two, 1-m sections of each treatment row, inspected for wire-worm feeding damage, and rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: 1 = seed/seedling undamaged; 2 = seed/seedling damaged by plant established; 3 = seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress; 4 = seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Insecticide efficacy was analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).