bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЈЕДАН ПРИСТУП ОБРАДИ СИНТАГМЕ У ОСНОВНОЈ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Тир Борља Марија M.
Published: March 2017

У раду се сагледавају синтагме у настави српског језика у основној школи. Најпре је сагледан ниво заступљености и изучавања синтагми у настави српског језика у основној школи на основу Наставних планова и програма. Затим је, на основу увида у савремену лингвистичку и дидактичко-методичку литературу и сопствених истраживања у непосредној наставној пракси, сачињена конкретна методичка разрада и модел за обраду наставног садржаја о синтагми. Тежиште рада представља методичка разрада која може да обезбеди већу активност ученика и боље разумевање синтагматске проблематике у наставном процесу.
ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЈА РОМАНА ГЕЦ И МАЈЕР ДАВИДА АЛБАХАРИЈА У КЉУЧУ ОБРАЗОВАЊА О ХОЛОКАУСТУ
Authors: Тодорић Гордана М.
Published: March 2017

Рад је прилог покушају теоријског утемељења учења о Холокаусту кроз наставу књижевности. Наставна интерпретација Албахаријевог романа Гец и Мајер намењена је ученицима четвртог разреда средње школе. Интерпретирајући га у настави, као део корпуса српске постмодерне прозе (у наставној обради већ су Милорад Павић и Данило Киш), указујемо на могуће перспективе читања које је управо постмодернизам афирмисао (специфични третман статуса приповедача, време у делу, проблем језика и значења). Мотив ратне трауме, који је критика већ препознала у Албахаријевом делу, у овом роману добија своје потпуно уобличење кроз потрагу за одговорима на питања идентитета. Између осталих, и ови проблеми обухваћени су педагошком праксом образовања о Холокаусту, што ћемо покушати да образложимо. Кључни проблем у Албахаријевом роману је тзв. проблем друге генерације преживелих Холокауста.
Quality Assurance for Postgraduate Programs: Design of a Model Applied on a University in Chile
Authors: Careaga Butter Marcelo , Meyer Aguilera Eduardo , Badilla Quintana Maria Graciela , Jiménez Pérez Laura , Sepúlveda Valenzuela Eileen
Published: March 2017

The quality of Education in Chile is a controversial topic that has been in the public debate in the last several years. To ensure quality in graduate programs, accreditation is compulsory. The current article presents a model to improve the process of self-regulation. The main objective was to design a Model of Quality Assurance for Postgraduate Programs in order to constitute a theoretical, mathematical, and informatics reference that would optimize the processes of self-regulation, self-evaluation, and accreditation of master and doctorate programs from the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile. This descriptive research is based on a mixed methods approach. The proposal was intended through theoretical and empirical references related to the accreditation systems. The analysis process was conducted with key informants, and the informatics instrument was created and validated through expert judgment. After the analysis, the model was optimized considering the expert’s suggestions. As a result of the optimization process, a matrix of eight dimensions was obtained and it is available online in order to be used by the heads of postgraduate programs. Finally, a model with four main stages was achieved in order to install a self-regulation and a self-evaluated culture that leads to accreditation as evidence of the quality of postgraduate programs.
Are South African Spaza Shops Use Marketing Communication Tools to Promote Their Businesses
Authors: MOSEKI Molete , SCHEERS Louise van
Published: March 2017

The aim of this conceptual research was to establish whether Soweto spaza shops use marketing communication tools to promote their businesses. This research undertook qualitative research method and exploratory research design and was essentially textual as numerous literatures were consulted.
The conducted research established that the top five most regularly used marketing communication methods are direct sales, ‘word-of-mouth’, point of sale materials; networking and newspaper advertisement. The least regularly used marketing communication methods are YouTube, television, direct mail, press releases and coupons/ vouchers.  Therefore, the consulted references agreed that although limited marketing communication methods are used by spaza shop owners. The study concludes that South African spaza shops use marketing communication tools to promote their businesses.
MODELAGEM MOLECULAR DE COPOLÍMEROS ACEITADORES E DOADORES DE ELÉTRONS
Authors: Martins Reis Flavio Filho , Ancalla Dávila Liliana Yolanda , Choque Nilo Mauricio Sotomayor
Published: March 2017

Com a descoberta de que alguns polímeros poderiam conduzir eletricidade houve uma forte demanda por novos sistemas que pudessem reproduzir ou melhorar as propriedades de materiais metálicos, objetivando principalmente facilidade de síntese, menor custo, e leveza. Atualmente, mais de 85% da produção mundial de células fotovoltaicas envolve a utilização de silício cristalino. A introdução de novos materiais orgânicos com características doadoras e aceitadoras tem sido utilizada para melhorar as propriedades de gap dos materiais. Foram estudados teoricamente os copolímeros formados de benzotiadiazole, fluoreno e tiofeno com promissoras propriedades fotovoltaicas. As propriedades energéticas, estruturais, eletrônicas e ópticas foram obtidas com o método semi empírico AM1 e as propriedades ópticas foram obtidas com o método semi empírico ZINDO. Observa-se do estudo teórico que as propriedades eletrônicas e ópticas das moléculas melhoram quando combinados a molécula doadora e aceitadora de elétrons.
GÊNERO E TRABALHO DAS MULHERES PESCADORAS DOS REASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO EXTREMO NORTE DO TOCANTINS
Authors: MARINHO FERREIRA MAGNA , Parente Temis Gomes
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as questões de gênero e trabalho das mulheres pescadoras dos reassentamentos rurais no extremo norte do Tocantins, criados com a construção da Hidrelétrica de Estreito, divisa do Tocantins com o Maranhão. O Estudo analisa a atividade profissional da pesca das mulheres impactadas pela construção da usina e procurar entender as questões de gênero vivenciadas por aquela população quando se refere à atividade pesqueira. Através das narrativas de mulheres e homens foi possível perceber que mesmo possuindo a carteira de pescadoras provisionais, nas falas das/os pesquisadas/os ocorre um reforço dos papeis de gênero.
PANORAMA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE AGROQUÍMICOS EM CULTURA DE ABACAXI NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS E POSSÍVEIS PROBLEMAS DE CONTAMINAÇÃO
Authors: Guarda Patricia Martins , Do Amaral Lilian Oliveira , Gualberto Larissa da Silva , Guarda Emerson Adriano
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar um panorama da utilização de agroquímicos no cultivo de abacaxis produzidos na região central do estado do Tocantins e vendidos em feiras livres da cidade de Palmas, para tentar verificar se a forma com que essa fruta é cultivada apresenta riscos de contaminação para os trabalhadores que manuseiam essas substâncias, para o meio ambiente ou para o consumidor final do produto. O estudo foi realizado do através de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários com perguntas fechadas, com 8 produtores de abacaxi que vendem seus produtos em 6 feiras da cidade. Ao término deste trabalho, verificou-se irregularidades como uso de ingredientes ativos proibidos no Brasil, e a existência de muita desinformação por parte dos produtores no uso, manuseio e destino final das embalagens dessas substâncias, acarretando riscos de contaminação para os produtores, meio ambiente e consumidores de abacaxi.
The effect of assessment form to the ability of student to answer the problem correctly
Authors: Dimas Arifian , Cari Cari , Suparmi Suparmi , Handhika Jeffry
Published: March 2017

Assessment is an important part of education. For educators, are collecting information about students learning and information about the learning process. For students, the assessment is the process of informing them about the progress of learning. Effective assessment process is responsive to the strengths, needs and clearly articulated student learning objectives. This research was aimed to know the effect of assessment form towards students ability in answering the problem correctly on kinematics and dynamics of motion. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method are assessment test and interview. Assessment test instrument are written test and animation form test. The question we use was taken "Force Concept Inventory" on kinematics and dynamics concepts. The sample are 36 student of 6th terms student of Physics Undergraduate Departement in Sebelas Maret University. The result shows that for kinematics concept, more students answer correctly for test presented in animation form but for dynamics concept conventional test is better.
Development of e-module combining science process skills and dynamics motion material to increasing critical thinking skills and improve student learning motivation senior high school
Authors: Perdana Fengky Adie , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Sujadi Imam
Published: March 2017

Learning media is one of the most components in the teaching and learning process. This research was conducted to design and develop the electronic modules combining science process skills and dynamics motion content for increasing critical thinking skills and improve student learning motivation for senior high school. The Methods used in this research is Research and Development (R&D). Model research and development using a research 4D Thiagarajan model. Physics module was developed using science process skills approach: observing, formulating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, identify variables, conduct experiments, analyse the data, summarise and communicate. The results showed that: 1) the electronics module has been developed by integrating the science process skills for enhancing critical thinking skills and student motivation. 2) Electronic Module Physics-based science process skills meet the criteria very well, judging from the results of validation content, validation media, validation of peer education and practitioners, with an average value of 3.80 is greater than the minimum eligibility 3.78. 3) effectiveness the modules of science process skills got N-gain value obtained from a large trial in grade samples of 0.67 and 0.59 in the control group were categorised as moderate. 4) Implementation of electronic modules Physics-based science process skills is considered an effective to enhance the students' motivation. Statistical analysis showed a significance value of 0.027 is lower than the significance level α = 0.05, this means that there are significant differences between learning motivation grade sample and the control class. As a result of analysis data obtained from the research, it was seen that the students' motivation that uses Physics module based science process skills better than conventional learning.
Pengaruh Umur Potong dan Konsentrasi Larutan Asam Asetat terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Gelatin Kulit Babi
Authors: Sompie M. , Triatmojo S. , Pertiwiningrum A. , Pranoto Y.
Published: March 2017

This research was aimed to study the influence of animal age and acetic acid solution concentration on physical and chemical properties. The experiment used Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was animal age consisted 3 levels (5, 7 and 9 months). The second factor was concentration of acetic acid solution consisted of 3 levels (2, 4 and 6 percents). The result showed that interaction of animal age period and concentration of acetic acid had no significant effect on gel strength, moisture content, ash content and fat content of pig skin gelatin. It was concluded that pigskin gelatin from ages of 5, 7 and 9 months and concentration acetic acid 2, 4 and 6 % had similar physical and chemical peoperties with the commercial gelatin.
Model Simulasi Peningkatan Ternak Sapi Induk Pola Gaduhan terhadap Curahan Tenaga Kerja: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Amalo Stefanus , Hartono Budi , Utami Hari Dwi
Published: March 2017

Research was carried out on South Amanuban Sub District, East Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this study was at analyse labour allocation in raising beef cattle and non beef cattle farming from contract farming pattern, and to determine simulation model for cow number enhancement. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionaire. In total, 117 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling method. Data were analysed using Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method and simulation analysis with application of SAS 9.1 program. Result showed that households’ labour allocation was 195.24 MLHE/year on beef cattle farming and 481.03 MLHE/year for non beef cattle farming. Simulation model indicated 50 % increased of cattle number resulted in improving household time devoted on beef cattle farming, production as well as profit of raising beef cattle.
Pengaruh Tingkat Penambahan Tepung Daun Singkong dalam Ransum Komersial terhadap Bobot Ampela, Jantung dan Hati Broiler Strain CP 707
Authors: Widjaya Nilawati
Published: March 2017

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of cassava leaf meal addition in commercial diets on weight of gizzard, heart and liver of broiler strains CP 707 and find out the addition level which produced the highest weight of gizzard, heart and liver of broilers. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with 5 dietary treatments, namely 100% commercial ration (R0), 96% commercial diet plus 4% cassava leaf meal (R1), 92% commercial diet plus 8% cassava leaf meal (R2), 88% commercial diet plus 12% cassava leaf meal (R3), 84% commercial diet plus 16% cassava leaf meal (R4). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Variables measured were the weight of gizzard, heart and liver. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The addition of cassava leaf meal in commercial ration influenced weight of gizzard and heart, but did not affect liver weight. The highest weight of gizzard and heart obtained from broilers consumed 84% commercial diet with the addition of cassava leaf meal as much as 16%.
Efektivitas Model Pelatihan Keterampilan berbasis Usaha Pertanian-Peternakan Terpadu Pasca Bencana Erupsi Gunung Merapi di Kecamatan Selo, Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Emawati Shanti , Lutojo Lutojo , Irianto Heru , Rahayu Endang Tri , Sari Ayu Intan
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of skills training model based integrated crop-livestock system in Selo, Boyolali. This research method using the approach of Research and Development with data collection techniques of observation, documentation and interviews. Test of training model using Pre-Experimental Design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric statistical analysis Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. The test results obtained significant improvement of cognitive, psychomotor and affective. The results
showed that based on analysis using Wilcoxon test by comparing the results of pretest and posttest on all three aspects: knowledge, skills and attitudes showed significant results, this means there is a change or an increase in the ability of the participants after being given skills training so that it can be concluded that the skills training of integrated crop-livestock system in Selo, Boyolali effectively empower farmers.

Keywords: model of skills training, integrated crop-livestock system, post-eruption of Mount Merapi, empowerment, socio-economic recovery
Penampilan Produksi Hijauan Hasil Tumpangsari Arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) Berinokulum Rhizobium dan Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) pada Jarak Tanam Arbila dan Jumlah Baris Sorgum
Authors: Koten B B , Soetrisno R D , Ngadiyono N , Soewignyo B
Published: March 2017

The study was conducted to evaluate the forage production of arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in intercropping grown on different spacing of arbila and number row of sorghum, and was designed as completely randomized design of factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor was the spacing of arbila (J) i.e. J1 (120 cm) and J2 (180 cm). The second factor was row number of sorghum (P) i.e. P1 (1 row), P2 (2 rows), P3 (3 rows) with 3 replications. The variables were dry matter (DM) production, organic matter (OM) production, crude protein (CP)
production of forage, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). The results showed that highest DM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.53 tons/ha), highest OM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.57 tons/ha), highest CP production at J1P1, J1P2 and J1P3 (0.55, 0.77, and 0.55 tons/ha), and highest LER at J1P2 and J1P3 (2.53 and 2.38). It can be concluded that the intercropping arbila and sorghum at planting space of 120 cm with 2 and 3 row of sorghums between arbilas produces the best forage production as ruminant feed.
Key words: Phaseolus lunatus, Sorghum bicolor, intercropping, spasing, row number, forage
Pengaruh Imbangan Protein Kasar dan Total Digestible Nutrients pada Pakan yang Berbeda Terhadap Pemanfaatan Energi Pakan pada Domba Lokal
Authors: Nugroho D. , Purnomoadi A. , Riyanto E.
Published: March 2017

Energy utilization is affected by protein-energy balance in the feed. The purpose of this study
was to determine the optimum balance of crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in a feed efficiency on the native sheep, by looking at the ability of the utilization of energy from the feed. 24 male native sheep with an average of initial body weight around 18±3.1 kg (CV=17.15%), were used and designed with a completely randomized design (CRD) into 6 dietary treatments of complete feed: Treatment 1 (CP 18.84% and 61.56% TDN), Treatment 2 (CP 16.29% and 66.51% TDN), Treatment 3 (CP 19.94% and 60.29% TDN), Treatment 4 (CP 19.40% and 67.31% TDN), Treatment 5 (CP 20.88% and 60.47% TDN), Treatment 6 (CP 20.12% and 63.05% TDN). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results of DM intake between treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). The average intake of DM of the study was 775.6 g/day. Energy intake in each treatment was not significantly different (P>0.05) (14.27±1.7 MJ/day). Different ratio of CP and TDN on digested amount of energy in each treatment were not significantly different (P>0.05). Average metabolized energy in native sheep in this study was 6.28 ± 0.9 MJ/day (P>0.05). Conclusion from this research is the different balance of CP and TDN in this study do not have any impact on energy utilization and body weight gain (ADG) of native sheep.
Key words: sheep, ratio of CP and TDN, energy feed utilization
Kualitas Karkas Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Omega-3 Minyak Ikan
Authors: Leke Jein Rinny , Rawung Vony , Laihad Jacqulein , Mandey Jet S. , Tangkau Linda
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study to determine the quality of chicken carcasses were given rations containing omega-3 fish oil. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications, each replication 4 free-range chickens. If treatment showed significance, then continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The treatment consisted of fish oil that is R0 = 0% (basal feed), R1 = (basal feed 98,5%+1,5% MI), R2 = (basal feed 98%+2% MI), R3 = (basal feed 97,5%+2,5% MI), R4 = (basal feed 97%+3% MI). The variables measured were the weight of the chest (g), the weight of the thigh (g), the weight back (g) and wing weight (g). The results showed that the use of fish oil in the diet provides highly significant effect (P<0,01) in the weight of the chest and thigh weights, but the effect is not significant (P>0,05) to the weights and the weight of the wing backs. The conclusion that the quality of carcass weights comprised chest, thigh weight, the weight of the back and the weight of chicken wings increased the ration of fish oil to the level of 3%.

 

Keywords: carcass, chicken, fish oil.
Suplementasi L-Karnitin dan Asam Lemak PUFA Terproteksi dalam Ransum Limbah Pasar Organik Terfermentasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi Air Susu Kambing
Authors: Sudibya Sudibya , Hanifa Aqni , Handayanta Eka , Intansari Ayu , Hadi Rendi Fathoni
Published: March 2017

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer protection PUFA and L-carnitin on the ration on chemist composition of dairy milk In total, 15 female dairy goats of 2-4 year this old Peranakan Etawah (PE) with body weight of 25-55 kg were used in this experiment. The assay diets included a basal diet (control) based on yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal and coconut meal, mineral, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design (RAK). There were 5 treatment in each treatment and 3 replication. Treatment consisted of P0 = control ration, P1 = P0 +50% market waste subtition grass on the ration, P2 = P1+500 ppm L-karnitin on the ration, P3 = P1+protection tuna fish oil 5% in the ration and P4 = P1+ protection lemuru fish oil 5% in the ration. The variables measuared content composition dairy milk goat. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of suplementation protection PUFA in the rations on market waste contain 500 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P<0.01) of acid goats milk composition. The conclusion of this research shows that the suplementation protection PUFA in the ration contain 500 ppm L-carnitine, can decrease milk cholesterol from 0,482% to 0,420%, LDL from 45,30 to 33,13 mg/dl. There for to increase HDL from 54,70 to 66,87 mg/dl, omega-3 fatty acid from 1,10% to 4,04%, omega-6 fatty acid from 1,46% to 18,80 percent.

 

Keywords: composition dairy milk goats, L-carnitine, protection PUFA fatty acid
Keberlanjutan Sistem Usahatani Integrasi Tanaman-Ternak Pasca Bencana Alam Gempa Bumi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Hidayat N.
Published: March 2017

The research was done at the period of August 2001 until September 2002 with location in Jambu, Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan Sub district, Sleman regency, Daerah Istemewa Yogyakarta province. The purpose of these research to detect the increasing production of Arabica Coffee tree and the economic value from the using faces and urine of dairy cow which have been proceeded being complex organic fertilizer. The research method use “on farm research” with involved farmer groups “Dadi Makmur” that has obtained arabica coffee tree since 1994 and care dairy cow with the property between 3-7 dairy cow/person. In those location has been occur the good integration between the arabica coffee trees with dairy cow livestock. In arabica coffe farm, the farmer use stale waste which in the form of faces and urine that has proceeded being organic fertilizer to fertilize their plantation in order to the producing coffee is called organic coffee. In this research is put complex organic fertilizer to arabica coffee tree in dosages 5kg/tree, 10 kg/tree and as a control is not put fertilizer. The research result indicate that the using fertilizer for 10 kg/tree has very real influence to the amount of unproduce coffee production with increasing product are 46,56 % and give the economic value that is relative bigger when compared with using fertilize 5kg/tree and without fertilize giving (control). 

 

Key words :   Economic value, integration of coffee tree-dairy cow, organic fertilizer
Faktor Lingkungan yang Mendorong Perilaku Warga Lereng Merapi untuk Tidak Mengungsi
Authors: Andarwati S , Haryadi F T , Widi T M , Dono N D
Published: March 2017

Phenomenon of Merapi Mountain that the most active Strato mountain in Indonesia was interest to learn. There many explosion were threat of danger, not only human but include with property. Fact, there many people in the dangerous Merapi area were not escape from the area when Merapi showed raising activity. The research conduct to determine environment factors were motivated people on Merapi slope not to flee. The method used by descriptive analysis, data were taken with survey, the respondent of survey taken by purposive random sampling method. The result showed that: 1) Effort to defend economics asset as the main source of family income, dairy cattle
in the case, because of there’s no good evacuation stable for cattle, 2) Experiences of the past, there were none human killed or property loss in their village and 3) People’s believe for generation that his area was not in dangerous because it stand in front of the mountain; were motivated people on Merapi slope not to flee.

Key words : Environment, Merapi, flee, animal
Efek Penambahan Vitamin E dalam Pengencer Glukosa Fosfat terhadap Daya Tahan Hidup Spermatozoa Domba pada Suhu 5 °C
Authors: Widjaya Nilawati
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of vitamin E addition in glucose phosphate diluent on the survival of sheep spermatozoa at 5 °C. The xperiment used 3 rams. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates, each replicate with 3 ejaculate cement of sheep. The treatments were the dose of Vitamin E with E0 = 0 μg/ml, E1 = 1 μg/ml, E2 = 4 μg/ml, E3 = 7 μg/ml, and E4 = 10 μg/ml. Variables measured were motility, live spermatozoa and plasma membrane integrity. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance according to Steel and Torrie (1981). The result showed that treatment of vitamin E with a dose of 1 μg/ml - 10 μg/ml l had no significant effect on motility, percentage live spermatozoa and membrane integrity of sheep spermatozoa on day two (P> 0.05).
KARAKTERISTIK KASUS KONSUMEN DAN FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PENDIRIAN BPSK (BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN) DI WILAYAH MADURA
Authors: , Murni , , Erma Rusdiana , , Rina Yulianti
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This empirical legal research aims to describe reality factors that caused not established BPSK (Consumer Disputes Resolution Board) in Madura area. Characteristics of Consumer Disputes in Madura used as early Informed to mapping the factors inhibited BPSK in Madura. In-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to mapping of consumer cases characteristic that happened in Madura, furthermore, this research classified factors that caused not established BPSK in Madura. Results of this study mapping the structural and cultural problems is a major cause for the establishment of BPSK.
Key Words : Characteristic, Barriers, Consumer, BPSK

Abstrak
Penelitian hukum empiris ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan realitas faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak berdirinya BPSK (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen) di wilayah Madura. Karakteristik sengketa konsumen di wilayah Madura dijadikan informasi awal untuk melakukan pemetaan terhadap faktor-faktor yang menghambat adanya BPSK di Madura. Interview mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) digunakan untuk memetakan karakteristik kasus konsumen yang terjadi di Madura, selanjutnya akan di klasifikasikan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menghambat berdirinya BPSK di Madura. Hasil penelitian ini memetakan problem struktural dan budaya menjadi penyebab utama bagi pendirian BPSK.
Kata Kunci : Karakteristik, Faktor Penghambat, Konsumen, BPSK
ALTERNATIF ATAS PEMBERLAKUAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA MELAWAN ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA
Authors: , Ayub Torry Satriyo Kusumo , , Kukuh Tejomurti
Published: March 2017

Abstrak

Syria (ISIS). Status ISIS dalam hukum internasional bukan sebagai negara melainkan sebagai aktor non karena tidak memenuhi kriteria berdasarkan Konvensi Jenewa Tahun 1949 dan Protokol Tambahan I Tahun 1977. Hal ini sangat mungkin memunculkan kesulitan pemberlakukan HHI. Sebagai alternatifnya, penerapan Martens Clause dapat dilakukan, yaitu dengan menghormati prinsip-prinsip fundamental yang menjadi dasar hukum humaniter internasional demi penghargaan terhadap kemanusiaan dan hak asasi manusia.
 Kata kunci : ISIS, Martens Clause, Prinsip Fundamental
DISFUNGSIONALISASI BIROKRASI SEBAGAI KENDALA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI
Authors: , Anastasia Reni Widyastuti
Published: March 2017

Abstrak
Pemberantasan korupsi diyakini mampu menciptakan pemerintahan yang bersih dan menciptakan rasa keadilan. Penciptaan administrasi negara yang bersih dan bebas dari korupsi bukan hanya menjadi tanggung jawab penyelenggara negara saja, tetapi juga masyarakat dan semua bagian dari bangsa. Partisipasi masyarakat diperlukan untuk melakukan kontrol sosial terhadap praktik tata kelola, khususnya dalam birokrasi pemerintahan. Korupsi adalah musuh bangsa, sehingga prioritas penanganan harus dilakukan oleh seluruh komponen bangsa melalui penegakan hukum, baik secara mikro melalui instrumen hukum pidana juga penegakan makro melalui perbaikan substansi hukum, struktur hukum dan budaya hukum masyarakat. Pemerintah dalam menanggulangi korupsi harus terus melakukan langkah-langkah yang efektif dan menyeluruh: dengan memberdayakan integritas moral penegak hukum; pemahaman sosialisasi korupsi; sanksi hukum; membentuk jaringan pencegahan korupsi, mengoptimalkan lembaga pengawasan. Salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki dan mencegah terjadinya korupsi tidak hanya diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik melalui pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih, untuk melaksanakan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola yang baik, tetapi juga untuk mempercepat pemberantasan korupsi merupakan sinergi integral dan sistemik, sehingga birokrasi dapat berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya masing-masing.
 Kata kunci: disfungsionalisasi, birokrasi, korupsi.
Synchronisation of Feed Axes with Differing Bandwidths Using Set Point Delay
Authors: Spescha Daniel ,   Inspire AG, Weikert Sascha , Zirn Oliver , Wegener Konrad ,   Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an effective method for the synchronisation of multiple feed axes with differing controller bandwidths by delaying the set point trajectories of those axes with higher bandwidths. First, a simplified model of a cascade-controlled feed axis is defined, which allows the problem to be treated analytically. The problem of synchronisation of the feed axes is then analysed mathematically, leading to the hypothesis of synchronisation through a delay of the set points of the more dynamic axes. Subsequently, the dynamic error behaviour and boundaries of a feed axis are calculated. The optimal damping factor for a feed axis is shown to be 1/√2 and the dynamic error can be formulated in terms of the bandwidth and acceleration or jerk limit. The proposed method is proven through a simulation and verified based on experimental results. In addition, the stated error bounds are verified, and the limits of the applicability are determined.
Study on Machining Vibration Suppression with Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers: Vibration Control for Long Fin Machining
Authors: Kono Ippei ,   Hitachi, Ltd., Miyamoto Takayuki , Utsumi Koji , Nishikawa Kenji , Onozuka Hideaki , Hirai Junichi , Sugita Naohiko ,   Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan,   Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan,   Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2017

This study aims to suppress vibration during the machining of long and thin fin parts. Typically, fin parts have low stiffness because fixing the fin is impeded by a end-mill, machine tool or other fins. In this study, multiple tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with the same characteristics were applied to the machining of a fin part measuring 18 mm × 180 mm × 2600 mm. The characteristics of the TMDs were optimized by calculation using a lumped-mass-points system model of the fin part. Then, an impact hammer test and a machining test were conducted on the actual fin part. The dynamic stiffness of the fin part was improved by up to 14 times by using five TMDs, and the amplitude of vibration during machining was decreased by more than 90%.
Development of Tool Collision Avoidance Method Adapted to Uncut Workpiece Shape
Authors: Watanabe Kento ,   Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Kaneko Jun’ichi , Horio Kenichiro ,   Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
Published: March 2017

This study developed an automatic planning method for tool collision avoidance, with posture adapted to the uncut shape of a workpiece to avoid collisions between the tool and workpiece in five-axis machining. This method sequentially judges the likelihood of collision between the holder and shank parts of the tool and the workpiece while machining, which is updated with tool motion. Then it automatically determines tool postures in which no collisions occur. The process of setting the search range for collision avoidance postures of the tool when collisions occur is made more efficient; it is possible to prevent rapid changes in tool posture at the time of avoidance, while reducing the time for geometric operations necessary when searching for compatible orientations.
The Prevalence of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in a U.S. Metropolitan Cohort
Authors: An Tonya W. , Evanoff Bradley A. , Boyer Martin I. , Osei Daniel A.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Although cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral mononeuropathy (after carpal tunnel syndrome) encountered in clinical practice, its prevalence in the population is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cubital tunnel syndrome in the general population.

Methods:

We surveyed a cohort of adult residents of the St. Louis metropolitan area to assess for the severity and localization of hand symptoms using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ-SSS) and the Katz hand diagram. We identified subjects who met our case definitions for cubital tunnel syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome: self-reported hand symptoms associated with a BCTQ-SSS score of >2 and localization of symptoms to the ulnar nerve or median nerve distributions.

Results:

Of 1,001 individuals who participated in the cross-sectional survey, 75% were women and 79% of the cohort was white; the mean age (and standard deviation) was 46 ± 15.7 years. Using a more sensitive case definition (lax criteria), we identified 59 subjects (5.9%) with cubital tunnel syndrome and 68 subjects (6.8%) with carpal tunnel syndrome. Using a more specific case definition (strict criteria), we identified 18 subjects (1.8%) with cubital tunnel syndrome and 27 subjects (2.7%) with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of cubital tunnel syndrome in the general population may be higher than that reported previously. When compared with previous estimates of disease burden, the active surveillance technique used in this study may account for the higher reported prevalence. This finding suggests that a proportion of symptomatic subjects may not self-identify and may not seek medical treatment.

Clinical Relevance:

This baseline estimate of prevalence for cubital tunnel syndrome provides a valuable reference for future diagnostic and prognostic study research and for the development of clinical practice guidelines.
Relationship Between Patient-Reported Assessment of Shoulder Function and Objective Range-of-Motion Measurements
Authors: Matsen Frederick A. , Tang Anna , Russ Stacy M. , Hsu Jason E.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Assessment of function is the cornerstone of clinical shoulder research. This purpose of this study was to answer 3 relevant questions: How does subjective patient assessment of shoulder function correlate with objectively measured active shoulder range of motion? What is the difference in active motion between shoulders that can and those that cannot be used to perform each of the functions of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST)? Does the relationship between subjective and objective assessment of shoulder function differ between male and female patients?

Methods:

We analyzed the relationship between objective range-of-motion measurements recorded by the observer-independent Kinect motion capture system and SST patient self-assessments of shoulder function of 74 male and 30 female patients with osteoarthritis.

Results:

There was poor correlation between objective measurements of active abduction and total SST scores of osteoarthritic shoulders of patients seen before shoulder surgery: the coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.29 for the osteoarthritic shoulders of women and 0.25 for those of men. The relationships between active abduction and total SST score were closer for the contralateral shoulders (R2 = 0.54 for women and R2 = 0.46 for men). The difference in active abduction between the osteoarthritic shoulders that allowed and those that did not allow the patient to perform the individual SST functions was significant (p < 0.05) for only 4 of the 12 functions in the female group and 5 of 12 in the male group because of the highly variable relationship between self-assessed function and active abduction. In contrast, when the contralateral shoulders were assessed, this difference was found to be significant for 10 of the 12 functions in the female group and all 12 of the functions in the male group. The relationship between objective motion and subjective function did not differ significantly between male and female subjects.

Conclusions:

The self-assessed function of osteoarthritic shoulders of women and men is only partially determined by the active range of abduction. Both subjective and objective measurements are important in characterizing the clinical status of shoulders. Studies of treatment outcomes should include separate assessments of these 2 complementary aspects of shoulder function.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Long‐Term Manure Management System
Authors: Mikha Maysoon M. , Hergert Gary W. , Benjamin Joseph G. , Jabro Jalal D. , Nielsen Rex A.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

As inorganic fertilizer rates increased in inorganic fertilizer + manure combination, POM amount increased.

Mineral‐associated organic matter C represented 80% of SOC content.

Positive and significant correlations were found among SOC, POM‐C, and MAOM‐C

Manure amendments enhanced SOC and its distribution.

Long‐term studies are extremely beneficial to our understanding and evaluation of changes in soil quality and sustainability of specific management practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of 70 yr of intensive traditional tillage. Effect of moldboard plowing with manure (M) and inorganic fertilizer (F) additions on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), particulate organic matter (POM) and its associated carbon (POM‐C), and mineral‐associated organic matter carbon (MAOM‐C) were quantified. The Knorr–Holden study was initiated in 1912 on a Tripp sandy loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustolls) with furrow irrigated, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soil samples were collected in 2011 from the 0‐ to 5‐, 5‐ to 10‐, 10‐ to 15‐, 15‐to 30‐, 30‐ to 60‐, and 60‐ to 90‐cm depths. On fixed‐depth basis, SOC and STN in the 0‐ to 30‐cm layer increased by 2.3‐fold compared with the 30‐ to 60‐cm layer and by 3‐fold compared with the 60‐ to 90 cm layer. Similar differences in SOC and STN were observed when calculated on an equivalent soil mass (ESM) basis. The application of inorganic fertilizer plus manure (F+M) increased POM content in the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth by 27 and 34% with 90+M and 180+M, respectively compared with F alone at 90 and 180 kg N ha‐1. In the 0‐ to 15‐cm soil depth, the relative POM‐C to SOC content was 30% greater than in the 15‐ to 30‐cm soil depth. In the 15‐ to 30‐cm depth, the MAOM‐C was 7% higher than the surface 0 to 15 cm. The MAOM‐C represented 69% of SOC content associated with different treatments. Positive and significant correlations were found among SOC, POM‐C, and MAOM‐C. Our results indicate that measuring SOC distribution among different fractions, POM‐C and MAOM‐C, is important to improve our knowledge of SOC distribution as influenced by type of fertilization used at different depths. Overall, long‐term manure amendment should be combined with F to enhance SOC and STN content in a system using intensive tillage and furrow irrigation.
Long‐Term Conventional and No‐Tillage Effects on Field Hydrology and Yields of a Dryland Crop Rotation
Authors: Baumhardt R.L. , Schwartz R.C. , Jones (retired) O.R. , Scanlon B.R. , Reedy R.C. , Marek G.W
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

No‐till residue management during fallow consistently increased storage of precipitation as available soil water.

The annualized storm water runoff during our 30‐yr experimental record was greater for no‐till residue management than for stubble‐mulch tillage.

Sustainable semiarid dryland cropping systems are critically dependent on evaporation control to provide water for crop production that is increased through no‐till residue management.

Semiarid dryland crop yields with no‐till (NT) residue management are often greater than stubble‐mulch tillage (SM) because of improved soil conditions and water conservation, but information on long‐term tillage effects on field hydrology and sustained crop production are needed. Our objective was to quantify the effects of NT and SM on stored soil water, runoff, and deep drainage through a clay loam soil in relation to crop growth and yield. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were grown in paired tillage treatments using a 3‐yr wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation from 1983 to 2013. We measured crop growth and yield factors, precipitation, runoff, and Cl concentration in variable increments to a 14.0‐m depth. Cumulative runoff during the fallow periods after wheat and sorghum averaged 57 mm for NT compared with 33 mm under SM. Annual deep drainage averaged ∼ 2 mm for SM and 14 mm for NT dryland crop production based on Cl displacement compared with no drainage below the root zone of adjacent native rangeland. Despite greater runoff and drainage, plant available soil water for the 1.8‐m profile at wheat and sorghum planting averaged 194 mm for NT compared with 166 mm for SM because of reduced evaporation. Although wheat growth and grain yield did not vary with tillage, sorghum grain yield was 17% greater under NT, averaging 3420 versus 2920 kg ha–1 under SM. We attributed the greater sorghum yield with NT to increased crop water use.
Studying the origin of the foggara in the Western Algerian Sahara: an overview for the advanced search
Authors: Dahmen A. , Kassab T.
Published: March 2017

After more than a century, studies on the origin of the foggara the Western Algerian Sahara remain open. The reasons are related to disconnected approaches and a lack of focus on the subject as a main search aim. Hence, there is a need for a retrospective synthesis on what could be figured out from the different studies on the question in order to suggest a new search perspective. An overview of the sources shows an ascending development through reporting, critical and interpretative approaches. The comparative study figures out some synthetic aspects which feebly suggest a local invention process even with some preliminary arguments. The origin of the foggara often seems of secondary interest. The origin is checked, at least, through apparent foggara characteristics so that the studies seem less systematic. Additionally, an interest in the intangible aspects and comparative studies is missing. The study concludes that there is a need to conduct multidisciplinary fieldwork investigation in the regions surrounding the Tademaït plateau. This has to be conducted on the most ancient foggaras, checking systematically the characteristics of both tangible and intangible aspects. An additional comparative study should eventually check the similarities with the recent findings in the ancient Garamantian Fezzan.
Hydrochemical characterization of a river affected by acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt
Authors: Grande J. A. , Santisteban M. , Valente T. , de la Torre M. L. , Gomes P.
Published: March 2017

This paper addresses the modelling of the processes associated with acid mine drainage affecting the Trimpancho River basin, chosen for this purpose because of its location and paradigmatic hydrological, geological, mining and environmental contexts. By using physical-chemical indicators it is possible to define the contamination degree of the system from the perspective of an entire river basin, due to its reduced dimension. This allows an exhaustive monitoring of the study area, considering the particularity that the stream flows directly into a water dam used for human supply. With such a perspective, and in order to find global solutions, the present study seeks to develop methodologies and tools for expeditious and accurate diagnosis of the pollution level of the affected stream that feeds the water reservoir. The implemented methodology can be applied to other water systems affected by similar problems, while the results will contribute to the development of the state of the art in a representative basin of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, whose pollutants' contributions are incorporated into the reservoir.
The Fundamentals of Molecular Simulations
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

Computer modelling is a powerful enterprise for the investigation of matter
at atomic and molecular levels, and has generally been accepted as a supplementary
tool to traditional experimental methods. Its advantages over real experiments are
primarily exemplified by its portability and cost effectiveness. Monte Carlo and
Molecular Dynamics methods are two principal techniques that have gained a great
level of popularity among various computer simulation methods. Numerous
mathematical models, popularly known as Forcefields, have been developed in order to
investigate water computationally. The application of computer simulation methods is
limited by the choice of parameters that define the intra and inter molecular interactions
within the framework of Forcefields. Ab−initio forcefields are expected to overcome
the limitations of other types of water models. Concept of ensemble provides a
theoretical basis for deriving physical properties by significantly reducing number of
particles in a system. Mathematical devices such as Periodic Boundary Conditions
(PBC) bypass the inconsistencies in simulations. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and
Wave Function methods are two important classes of quantum chemical methods for
investigating matter at electronic level. Born−Oppenheimer approximation provides a
fruitful means for separating electronic and nuclear motions, which reduces the
complexity of quantum calculations to a great extent. Hartree−Fock (HF) method is the
most fundamental wave function procedure for calculating the energy of
multi−electronic systems. On the contrary, Density Functional Theory (DFT) is based
on the estimation of electron density, which can be validated by experimental means.
Combined electronic and classical approaches are increasingly becoming popular in the
scientific community.