bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed a Critical Role of SPP1/CD44-Mediated Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells in Glioma
Authors: He Cong , Sheng Luoyan , Pan Deshen , Jiang Shuai , Ding Li , Ma Xiaojun , Liu Yaohua , Jia Deshui
Published: November 2021

High-grade glioma is one of the most lethal human cancers characterized by extensive tumor heterogeneity. In order to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tumor heterogeneity of this lethal disease, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of one high-grade glioma. Accordingly, we analyzed the individual cellular components in the ecosystem of this tumor. We found that tumor-associated macrophages are predominant in the immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified five distinct subpopulations of tumor cells, including one cycling, two OPC/NPC-like and two MES-like cell subpopulations. Moreover, we revealed the evolutionary transition from the cycling to OPC/NPC-like and MES-like cells by trajectory analysis. Importantly, we found that SPP1/CD44 interaction plays a critical role in macrophage-mediated activation of MES-like cells by exploring the cell-cell communication among all cellular components in the tumor ecosystem. Finally, we showed that high expression levels of both SPP1 and CD44 correlate with an increased infiltration of macrophages and poor prognosis of glioma patients. Taken together, this study provided a single-cell atlas of one high-grade glioma and revealed a critical role of macrophage-mediated SPP1/CD44 signaling in glioma progression, indicating that the SPP1/CD44 axis is a potential target for glioma treatment.
Starch-Based Carbon Dots for Nitrite and Sulfite Detection
Authors: Wang Panyong , Zhang Yan , Liu Yulu , Pang Xinpei , Liu Pai , Dong Wen-Fei , Mei Qian , Qian Qing , Li Li , Yan Ruhong
Published: November 2021

Nitrite and sulfite play important roles in human health and environmental science, so it is desired to develop a facile and efficient method to evaluate NO2- and SO32- concentrations. In this article, the use of green alternatives with the potential of multi-functionality has been synthesized to detect nitrite and sulfite based on fluorescent probe. The carbon dots (CDs) with starch as only raw materials show fluorescence turn “on-off-on” response towards NO2- and SO32- with the limits of detection of 0.425 and 0.243 μМ, respectively. Once nitrite was present in the solution, the fluorescence of CDs was quenched rapidly due to the charge transfer. When sulfite was introduced, the quenching fluorescence of CDs was effectively recovered because of the redox reaction between NO2- and SO32-, and thus providing a new way for NO2- and SO32- detection. Owing to their excellent analytical characteristics and low cytotoxicity, the “on-off-on” sensor was successfully employed for intracellular bioimaging of NO2- and SO32-.
Serving the Public Good?—A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis of Private Prisons and For-Profit Incarceration in the United States
Authors: Marko Karoline
Published: November 2021

It is a well-known fact that the United States has a very high prison population compared to other countries, and that it is particularly the private prison industry that has been thriving. This industry is based on a for-profit ideology that aims to save money by cutting costs wherever possible, and that, based on their profit-orientation, has no interest in rehabilitating offenders, since they make money with every incarcerated person. This paper investigates these issues from a linguistic perspective and takes a corpus of texts collected from the websites of the two largest private prison corporations in the United States (CoreCivic and The GEO Group) as a starting point for a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. The corpus comprises a total of 25,386 words and the analyses reveal that while both companies discursively background issues of violence, recidivism, and costs, they place a focus on the safety and security of their facilities and on their reentry programs for inmates. Thus, it is argued that the investigated corporations shift the discursive focus away from a negative discourse centering on violence and recidivism to a positive discourse centering on reentry and safety, which actively counters the findings that several researchers and journalists alike have revealed.
Cascade Descriptor Observers: Application to Understanding Sitting Control of Persons Living With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Srihi Hajer , Guerra Thierry-Marie , Nguyen Anh-Tu , Pudlo Philippe , Dequidt Antoine
Published: November 2021

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from a drastic reduction in sitting stability which negatively impacts their postural control. Thus, sitting balance becomes one of the most challenging everyday exercises. To better understand the consequences of this pathology, we have to work with high-sized non-linear biomechanical models implying both theoretical and numerical difficulties. The main goal being to recover unmeasured inputs, the observer should have limited or no simplification at all to provide a better estimation quality. A Proportional Integral-observer (PI-observer) is designed and its convergence is formulated by linear matrix inequalities (LMI) through convex optimization techniques. Using a unique high-sized observer, the LMI constraints problem can quickly reach current solvers limitations regarding the number of unknown parameters required. A way to solve this issue is to design a cascade observer in order to estimate the unmeasurable torques of a human with SCI. This approach consists in decomposing a biomechanical model into interconnected subsystems and to build “local” observers. The relevance of this approach is demonstrated in simulation and with real-time experimental data.
A Meta-Analysis of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Luo Jin-Wen , Duan Wen-Hui , Song Lei , Yu Yan-Qiao , Shi Da-Zhuo
Published: November 2021

Background: Previous studies had reported increased circulating concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in chronic heart failure (CHF), suggesting the potential prognostic significance of GDF-15 in this setting. To verify the relationship between the circulating GDF-15 levels and prognosis of CHF patients, we conducted an updated evidence-based meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature retrieval of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library was performed to collect the qualified studies that analyzed the prognostic value of GDF-15 in CHF from the inception of these online databases to September 25, 2021. The hazard ratio (HR) calculated for logGDF-15 of all-cause death and the related 95% confidence interval (CI) in multivariate analysis were used to measure the effect size. Additionally, subgroup analyses stratified by characteristics of the study participants were conducted for incremental evidence of GDF-15 in CHF with different clinical status.

Results: A total of ten eligible studies involving 6,244 CHF patients were finally taken into the quantitative analysis. Results in the random-effects model indicated that there was an increased risk of 6% in all-cause mortality with a per 1LnU increase in baseline GDF-15 concentration (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.10, P < 0.001). In stratified analyses, the association of GDF-15 with risk of all-cause mortality was found among chronic ischemic HF patients (HR:1.75, 95%CI: 1.24–2.48, P = 0.002), while the association was not found among chronic nonischemic HF patients (HR:1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02, P = 0.219).

Conclusion: The elevated GDF-15 is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in CHF, especially, among CHF patients with ischemic etiology. The circulating GDF-15 might be a prognostic indicator in CHF patients.

Registration Number:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO; CRD42020210796.
Structural Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix in Arteriogenesis: A Review
Authors: Kulkarni Rohan , Andraska Elizabeth , McEnaney Ryan
Published: November 2021

Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease (AOD) results in significant morbidity and mortality for the population, with up to 10% of patients ultimately requiring amputation. An alternative method for non-surgical revascularization which is yet to be fully understood is the optimization of the body's own natural collateral arterial network in a process known as arteriogenesis. Under conditions of conductance vessel stenosis or occlusion resulting in increased flow, shear forces, and pressure gradients within collaterals, positive remodeling occurs to increase the diameter and capacity of these vessels. The creation of a distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) will drive increased arteriogenesis as compared to collateral formation with the occlusion of a conductance vessel alone by further increasing flow through these arterioles, demonstrating the capacity for arteriogenesis to form larger, more efficient collaterals beyond what is spontaneously achieved after arterial occlusion. Arteries rely on an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of elastic fibers and collagens that provide stability under hemodynamic stress, and ECM remodeling is necessary to allow for increased diameter and flow conductance in mature arterial structures. When positive remodeling occurs, digestion of lamella and the internal elastic lamina (IEL) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other elastases results in the rearrangement and thinning of elastic structures and may be replaced with disordered elastin synthesis without recovery of elastic function. This results in transmission of wall strain to collagen and potential for aneurysmal degeneration along collateral networks, as is seen in the pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) after celiac occlusion and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) with concurrent celiac and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusions. Further understanding into the development of collaterals is required to both better understand aneurysmal degeneration and optimize collateral formation in AOD.
The Spread of Droplets and Aerosols of Surgical Motor Handpiece Irrigation Using Different Suction Systems
Authors: Tsoi James K. H. , Ding Hao , Hon Ki , Leung Yiu Yan
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various combinations of dental suction devices in reducing the amount and distance of spread of aerosols and droplets using an electrical surgical motor model with a self-irrigation system.

Materials and Methods: In a standard single-chaired air-conditioned ventilated dental clinic, an electrical dental surgical motor with a high-speed handpiece (Implantmed) cooled with 0.2% fluorescein containing normal saline was used to drill a gypsum block mounted on a phantom head in a supine position. A single operator performed thrice each of the following suction settings: (a) no suction, (b) low-volume suction, (c) low-volume + high-volume suctions, and (d) low-volume + external oral suctions. Aerosols (0.1–5 μm) were measured with a particle counter at the mouth opening of the phantom head, and droplet sizes and distances were analyzed via a machine learning algorithm by identifying fluorescence droplets on pre-loaded pieces of paper on the floor for each group.

Results: The different suction systems have different performances in terms of droplet distance (p = 0.007), whereas using (c) high volume suctions (41.1 ± 22.9 cm) and (d) external oral suction unit (39 ± 18.2 cm) had significantly reduced the spread of droplets when compared with (a) without suction (58.9 ± 17.1 cm). Using (d) external oral suction or (c) high volume suction could reduce the number for all droplet sizes. The use of (c) high volume suction was most effective in reducing aerosol count of 0.3–1 μm, while (d) external oral suction was most effective in reducing aerosol count of 3–5 μm.

Conclusions: Both external oral suction and high-volume suction were effective in reducing aerosols and droplets generated by the irrigation of a surgical high-speed motor handpiece. External oral suction could be an effective alternative to high volume suction in dental surgical procedures to reduce the spread of aerosols and droplets.

Clinical Relevance: External oral suction or high-volume suction should be used in conjunction with low-volume suction in surgical procedure to reduce the spread of aerosols and droplets in a dental clinic environment.
Influence of Saline Fluids on the Electrical Conductivity of Olivine Aggregates at High Temperature and High Pressure and Its Geological Implications
Authors: Sun Wenqing , Dai Lidong , Hu Haiying , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Mengqi , Hu Ziming , Jing Chenxin
Published: November 2021

The electrical conductivities of hydrous olivine (Ol) aggregates and Ol–H2O, Ol–NaCl–H2O (salinity: 1–21 wt%; fluid fraction: 5.1–20.7 vol%), Ol–KCl–H2O (salinity: 5 wt%; fluid fraction: 10.9–14.0 vol%) and Ol–CaCl2–H2O systems (salinity: 5 wt%; fluid fraction: 10.7–13.7 vol%) were measured at 2.0–3.0 GPa and 773–1073 K using a multi-anvil apparatus. The electrical conductivity of saline fluid-bearing olivine aggregates slightly increases with increasing pressure and temperature, and the electrical conductivities of both hydrous and saline fluid-bearing samples are well described by an Arrhenius relation. The dihedral angle of the saline fluids is approximately 50° in the Ol–NaCl–H2O system with 5 wt% NaCl and 5.1 vol% fluids, which implies that the fluids were interconnected along grain boundaries under the test conditions. The electrical conductivities of the Ol–NaCl–H2O system with 5 wt% NaCl and 5.1 vol% fluids are ∼two to four orders of magnitude higher than those of hydrous olivine aggregates. The salinity and fluid fraction moderately enhance the sample electrical conductivities owing to the interconnectivity of the saline fluids. The activation enthalpies of the electrical conductivities for the Ol–NaCl–H2O systems range from 0.07 to 0.36 eV, and Na+, Cl−, H+, OH−, and soluble ions from olivine are proposed to be the main charge carriers. For a fixed salinity and fluid fraction, the electrical conductivities of the Ol–NaCl–H2O system resemble the Ol–KCl–H2O system but are slightly higher than that of the Ol–CaCl2–H2O system. The Ol–NaCl–H2O system with a salinity of ∼5 wt% NaCl and fluid fraction larger than 1.8 vol% can be employed to reasonably explain the origin of the high-conductivity anomalies observed in mantle wedges.
Research Trends and Focus on the Deserts of Northern China: A Bibliometric Analysis During 1986–2020
Authors: Shi Ya-Fei , Huang Fang-Fang , Shi Shan-Heng , Jiang Ying-Sha , Huang Xiao-Min
Published: November 2021

With the economic progress and scientific development since the 1980s, research on deserts in China has advanced remarkably. Many research outputs have been published, especially in recent years. However, a systematic review and quantitative analysis of these publications has been lacking. Here, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the main deserts in China in order to characterize the trends and temporal changes in publications. Because the first publication was found in 1986, we searched all publications from 1986 to 2020. We found that annual publication output increased exponentially, especially after 2012, and that the Tengger Desert, the Taklimakan Desert, and the Horqin Sandy Land were the most intensively studied areas. Earth science, involving environmental science and ecology, geology, and agriculture were the major research fields. In addition, Journal of Arid Land, Chinese Science Bulletin, and Catena were the journals with the largest number of publications. The Chinese Academy of Sciences produced the largest number of publications, wherein, Li X R, Zhao X Y, and Zhang Y M were the three most productive authors. Noticeably, “climate change” has become a frequent topic since 2010, indicating that more attention has been paid to climate change and alleviating anthropogenic disturbances in desert areas in China. Although Chinese authors contributed the most publications, the average number of citations per publication for Chinese authors was relatively low. Our results highlight that authors should continue to improve the number of citations of their publications and pay more attention to the interactions between climate change and desertification in the deserts research of Northern China in the futures.
A Method for Solving Percolation Overflow Boundary Based on Maximum of Horizontal Energy Loss Rate
Authors: Li Yuandong , Hao Bing , Li Xiaojun , Jin Liguo , Dong Qing , Zhou Zhenghua
Published: November 2021

The determination of overflow boundary is a prerequisite for the accurate solution of the seepage field by the finite element method. In this paper, a method for solving overflow boundary according to the maximum value of horizontal energy loss rate is proposed, which based on the analysis of the physical meaning of functional and the water head distribution of seepage field under different overflow boundaries. This method considers that the overflow boundary that makes the horizontal energy loss rate reach the maximum value is the real boundary overflow. Compared with the previous iterative computation method of overflow point and free surface, the method of solving overflow boundary based on the maximum horizontal energy loss rate does not need iteration, so the problem of non-convergence does not exist. The relative error of the overflow points is only 1.54% and 0.98% by calculating the two-dimensional model of the glycerol test and the three-dimensional model of the electric stimulation test, respectively. Compared with the overflow boundary calculated by the node virtual flow method, improved cut-off negative pressure method, initial flow method, and improved discarding element method, this method has a higher accuracy.
Self-Regulation Versus Self-Discipline in Predicting Achievement: A Replication Study With Secondary Data
Authors: Michaelides Michalis P. , Durkee Patrick
Published: November 2021

Self-regulation is one of multiple noncognitive measures that have been found to relate to academic achievement. Zimmerman and Kitsantas (2014) have distinguished self-regulation from the construct of self-discipline and provided evidence that only the former is predictive of high-school GPA, while controlling for the latter. In this brief report we present a preregistered replication study of their finding using secondary data obtained from a published article by Jung et al. (2017). Despite minor differences in the sample, the measures and the analysis approach, the replication supported the original claim that self-regulation was predictive of academic achievement for undergraduate students, while self-discipline was unrelated to the outcome. The positive association for the self-regulation variable with academic achievement was smaller, but in the same direction as in the original study.
The Challenges of Managing Pediatric Diabetes and Other Endocrine Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From an International Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey
Authors: Elbarbary Nancy Samir , dos Santos Tiago Jeronimo , de Beaufort Carine , Wiltshire Esko , Pulungan Aman , Scaramuzza Andrea Enzo
Published: November 2021

Background

Frequency, dimensions, management, and outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with endocrine disorders and diabetes were assessed.

Methods

A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to the global network of endocrine societies. Respondents’ professional and practice profiles, clinic sizes, their country of practice, and the impact of COVID-19 on endocrine diseases were investigated.

Results

Respondents from 131 pediatric endocrine centers in 51 countries across all continents completed the survey. Routine check-ups and education were altered in most pediatric endocrine clinics. Over 20% of clinics experienced a shortage of critical medications or essential supplies. ICU treatment was required for patients with diabetes and COVID-19 in 21.2% of centers. In diabetes, 44% of respondents reported increased diabetic ketoacidosis episodes in newly diagnosed cases and 30% in established cases. Biopsychosocial and behavioral changes were explicitly reported to be occurring among pediatric patients with endocrine disorders.

Conclusions

This large global survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights that diabetes is more challenging to manage than any other pediatric endocrine disorder, with an increased risk of morbidity. Psychological distress due to COVID-19 needs to be recognized and addressed. The importance of close contact with healthcare professionals should be emphasized, and medical supplies should be readily available to all patients.
Complement C4-A and Plasminogen as Potential Biomarkers for Prediction of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yichao , Zhou Shengliang , Wang Dun , Wei Tao , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui
Published: November 2021

Background

Early diagnosis and therapy of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is essential for reducing recurrence and improving the long-term survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate the proteome profile of plasma and screen unique proteins which could be used as a biomarker for predicting PTC.

Methods

Serum samples were collected from 29 PTC patients and 29 nodular goiter (NG) patients. Five PTC serum samples and five NG serum samples were selected for proteome profiles by proteomics. Eight proteins in PTC and NG serum samples were selected for confirmation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.

Results

Complement C4-A (C4A) and plasminogen (PLG) were significantly lower in serum samples of PTC patients compared with NG patients. C4A was observed to have excellent diagnostic accuracy for PTC, with a sensitivity of 91.67% and specificity of 83.33%. The diagnostic value of PLG for PTC was demonstrated by a sensitivity at 87.50% and specificity at 75.00%. The AUC for C4A and PLG was 0.97 ± 0.02 and 0.89 ± 0.05.

Conclusion

C4A and PLG appeared to be excellent potential biomarkers for the prediction of PTC.
Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
Authors: Yang Kun , Liu Wenxian
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Studies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the relationship between IR [evaluated by triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients without diabetes.

Methods

This was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between TyG index and MACEs by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions and two-piecewise linear regression models. The primary endpoint was MACEs, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions.

Results

A total of 9,323 patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. TyG index was significantly related to the risk of MACEs in every adjusted model. Each 1 unit increase in TyG index increased the risk of MACEs in total participants (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.64; P<0.01) and men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P=0.02). However, TyG index was not associated with MACEs among female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97–1.82; P=0.0776). There was no interaction between the sex and TyG index (P for interaction= 0.73). We also used the two-stage linear regression model and did not find any threshold effect. There was no significant interaction in other confounders.

Conclusion

We found the TyG index was associated with MACEs in the hypertensive patients, and there was no gender difference between the TyG index and MACEs.
Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone Indices Are Closely Associated With NAFLD
Authors: Lai Shuiqing , Li Jiarong , Wang Zixiao , Wang Wei , Guan Haixia
Published: November 2021

Background

Previous studies on the association between thyroid function and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have contradicted. Acquired resistance to thyroid hormone theory might provide a reasonable explanation for these contradictions. We aimed to analyze the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices with NAFLD.

Methods

A total of 4,610 individuals from the health medical center of the First Hospital of China Medical University were included in this study. The previously used thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQIFT4) was calculated. Also, we substituted free triiodothyronine (FT3) into the TFQI formulas to get the TFQIFT3 index. NAFLD was defined using abdominal ultrasound.

Results

Study results showed that FT3/FT4 and TFQIFT3 were positively correlated with the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (P<0.05). In contrast, TFQIFT4 was positively correlated with HDL-C level (P < 0.05). After adjustment for multiple confounders, FT3, FT3/FT4, and TFQIFT3 were positively associated with the risks of dyslipidemia and NAFLD (P < 0.05). TFQIFT3 and FT3/FT4 performed better than TFQIFT4 on ROC analyses for NAFLD prediction, although the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-points were low. However, no association was observed between TFQIFT4 with the risks of dyslipidemia and NAFLD.

Conclusion

TFQIFT3 and FT3/FT4 can be used as new indicators for predicting dyslipidemia and NAFLD, although with low sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-points, while TFQIFT4 has insufficient evidence in predicting dyslipidemia and NAFLD.
Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Model Based on AGA-FOUKF Algorithm
Authors: Fang Chao , Jin Zhiyang , Wu Jingjin , Liu Chenguang
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the state estimation error caused by inaccurate battery model parameter estimation, a model-based state of charge (SOC) estimation method of lithium-ion battery is proposed. This method is derived from parameter identification using an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) and state estimation using fractional-order unscented Kalman filter (FOUKF). First, the fractional-order model is proposed to simulate the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. Second, to tackle the problem of fixed values of probabilities of crossover and mutation in the genetic algorithm (GA) in model parameter identification, an AGA has been proposed. Then, the FOUKF method is used to assess battery SOC. For the data redundancy problem caused by the fractional-order algorithm, a time window is set to enhance the computational efficiency of the fractional-order operator. Finally, the experimental results show that the developed AGA-FOUKF algorithm can increase the correctness of SOC estimation.
A Role for Drylands in a Carbon Neutral World?
Authors: Hanan Niall P. , Milne Eleanor , Aynekulu Ermias , Yu Qiuyan , Anchang Julius
Published: November 2021

Drylands are a critical part of the earth system in terms of total area, socioeconomic and ecological importance. However, while drylands are known for their contribution to inter-annual atmospheric CO2 variability, they are sometimes overlooked in discussions of global carbon stocks. Here, in preparation for the November 2021 UN Climate Change Conference (COP26), we review dryland systems with emphasis on their role in current and future carbon storage, response to climate change and potential to contribute to a carbon neutral future. Current estimates of carbon in dryland soils and vegetation suggest they are significant at global scale, containing approximately 30% of global carbon in above and below-ground biomass, and surface-layer soil carbon (top 30 cm). As ecosystems that are limited by water, the drylands are vulnerable to climate change. Climate change impacts are, however, dependent on future trends in rainfall that include both drying and wetting trends at regional scales. Regional rainfall trends will initiate trends in dryland productivity, vegetation structure and soil carbon storage. However, while management of fire and herbivory can contribute to increased carbon sequestration, impacts are dependent on locally unique ecosystem responses and climate-soil-plant interactions. Similarly, while community based agroforestry initiatives have been successful in some areas, large-scale afforestation programs are logistically infeasible and sometimes ecologically inappropriate at larger scales. As climate changes, top-down prescriptive measures designed to increase carbon storage should be avoided in favour of locally-adapted approaches that balance carbon management priorities with local livelihoods, ecosystem function, biodiversity and cultural, social and economic priorities.
In Silico Functional Prediction and Expression Analysis of C2H2 Zinc-Finger Family Transcription Factor Revealed Regulatory Role of ZmZFP126 in Maize Growth
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Litian , Yuan Yibing , Wang Qi , Elbaiomy Rania G. , Zhou Wanhai , Wu Hui , Soaud Salma A. , Abbas Manzar , Chen Bo , Zhao Deming , El-Sappah Ahmed H.
Published: November 2021

The C2H2-zinc finger proteins (ZFP) comprise a large family of transcription factors with various functions in biological processes. In maize, the function regulation of C2H2- zine finger (ZF) genes are poorly understood. We conducted an evolution analysis and functional prediction of the maize C2H2-ZF gene family. Furthermore, the ZmZFP126 gene has been cloned and sequenced for further favorable allelic variation discovery. The phylogenetic analysis of the C2H2-ZF domain indicated that the position and sequence of the C2H2-ZF domain of the poly-zinc finger gene are relatively conserved during evolution, and the C2H2-ZF domain with the same position is highly conserved. The expression analysis of the C2H2-ZF gene family in 11 tissues at different growth stages of B73 inbred lines showed that genes with multiple transcripts were endowed with more functions. The expression analysis of the C2H2-ZF gene in P1 and P2 inbred lines under drought conditions showed that the C2H2-ZF genes were mainly subjected to negative regulation under drought stress. Functional prediction indicated that the maize C2H2-ZF gene is mainly involved in reproduction and development, especially concerning the formation of important agronomic traits in maize yield. Furthermore, sequencing and correlation analysis of the ZmZFP126 gene indicated that this gene was significantly associated with the SDW-NAP and TDW-NAP. The analysis of the relationship between maize C2H2-ZF genes and C2H2-ZF genes with known functions indicated that the functions of some C2H2-ZF genes are relatively conservative, and the functions of homologous genes in different species are similar.
Predicting Human Protein Subcellular Locations by Using a Combination of Network and Function Features
Authors: Chen Lei , Li ZhanDong , Zeng Tao , Zhang Yu-Hang , Zhang ShiQi , Huang Tao , Cai Yu-Dong
Published: November 2021

Given the limitation of technologies, the subcellular localizations of proteins are difficult to identify. Predicting the subcellular localization and the intercellular distribution patterns of proteins in accordance with their specific biological roles, including validated functions, relationships with other proteins, and even their specific sequence characteristics, is necessary. The computational prediction of protein subcellular localizations can be performed on the basis of the sequence and the functional characteristics. In this study, the protein–protein interaction network, functional annotation of proteins and a group of direct proteins with known subcellular localization were used to construct models. To build efficient models, several powerful machine learning algorithms, including two feature selection methods, four classification algorithms, were employed. Some key proteins and functional terms were discovered, which may provide important contributions for determining protein subcellular locations. Furthermore, some quantitative rules were established to identify the potential subcellular localizations of proteins. As the first prediction model that uses direct protein annotation information (i.e., functional features) and STRING-based protein–protein interaction network (i.e., network features), our computational model can help promote the development of predictive technologies on subcellular localizations and provide a new approach for exploring the protein subcellular localization patterns and their potential biological importance.
Understanding the Secret of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern/Interest and Immune Escape
Authors: Lou Fuxing , Li Maochen , Pang Zehan , Jiang Lin , Guan Lin , Tian Lili , Hu Jiaming , Fan Junfen , Fan Huahao
Published: November 2021

The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), places a heavy burden on global public health. Four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern including B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, and P.1, and two variants of interest including C.37 and B.1.621 have been reported to have potential immune escape, and one or more mutations endow them with worrisome epidemiologic, immunologic, or pathogenic characteristics. This review introduces the latest research progress on SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern, key mutation sites, and their effects on virus infectivity, mortality, and immune escape. Moreover, we compared the effects of various clinical SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and convalescent sera on epidemic variants, and evaluated the neutralizing capability of several antibodies on epidemic variants. In the end, SARS-CoV-2 evolution strategies in different transmission stages, the impact of different vaccination strategies on SARS-CoV-2 immune escape, antibody therapy strategies and COVID-19 epidemic control prospects are discussed. This review will provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the secret of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest/concern and immune escape.
Interferon-Inducible LINC02605 Promotes Antiviral Innate Responses by Strengthening IRF3 Nuclear Translocation
Authors: Xu Rui , Yu Shuang-Shuang , Yao Ran-Ran , Tang Rong-Chun , Liang Jia-Wei , Pang Xuewen , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2021

Non-coding RNAs represent a class of important regulators in immune response. Previously, LINC02605 was identified as a candidate regulator in innate immune response by lncRNA microarray assays. In this study, we systematically analyzed the functions and the acting mechanisms of LINC02605 in antiviral innate immune response. LINC02605 was up-regulated by RNA virus, DNA virus, and type I IFNs in NF-κB and Jak-stat dependent manner. Overexpression of LINC02605 promotes RNA virus-induced type I interferon production and inhibited viral replication. Consistently, knockdown of LINC02605 resulted in reduced antiviral immune response and increased viral replication. Mechanistically, LINC02605 released the inhibition of hsa-miR-107 on the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). By microRNA mimics and inhibitors, hsa-miR-107 was demonstrated to not only inhibit PTEN’s expression but also negatively regulate the antiviral immune response. Knockdown of LINC02605 led to the reduction of PTEN expression both in mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of LINC02605 had an opposite impact. Moreover, LINC02605 attenuated the serine 97 phosphorylation level of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by promoting PTEN expression. Nucleoplasmic fragmentation assay showed that knocking down LINC02605 inhibited the nuclear translocation of IRF3, rendering the host cells more susceptible to viral invasion, while overexpression showed opposite effects. Therefore, LINC02605 is an induced lncRNA by viral infection and plays a positive feedback in antiviral immune response through modulating the nuclear translocation of IRF3.
Enhanced Energy Harvesting of Flexural Waves in Elastic Beams by Bending Mode of Graded Resonators
Authors: De Ponti Jacopo Maria , Iorio Luca , Riva Emanuele , Braghin Francesco , Corigliano Alberto , Ardito Raffaele
Published: November 2021

We show efficient elastic energy transfer and wave confinement through a graded array of resonators attached to an elastic beam. Experiments demonstrate that flexural resonators of increasing lengths allow to reduce wave scattering and to achieve the rainbow effect with local wavefield amplifications. We show that the definition of a monotonically decreasing distribution of the natural frequencies of the resonators along the wave propagation direction, is the preferable choice to increase the energy efficiency of the system. The proposed configuration is suitable for micro-fabrication, envisaging practical applications for micro-scale vibration energy harvesting.
Case Report: Acute Splenic Artery Thrombosis in a COVID 19, Postpartum Patient
Authors: Trancǎ Sebastian Daniel , Antal Oana , Farcaş Anca Daniela
Published: November 2021

The incidence of thromboembolic disease is reported to be high in SARS-CoV2 disease. Pregnancy, an already physiologically hypercoagulable state, associated to COVID 19, generates even more concern regarding the potentially increased risk of thrombotic events. The exact incidence of such complications is yet unknown, but there is data suggesting that coagulopathy and thromboembolism are both increased in pregnancies affected by COVID-19. Since the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemics, the most common described thrombotic events associated with SARS-COV2 infection have been venous thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation, while arterial thrombotic events are less commonly described. Splenic infarction is a rare disorder that can be secondary to a hypercoagulable state. There are only few cases of splenic infraction described, but none with splenic artery thrombosis, in a post-partum patient, on therapeutic anticoagulation regimen. We present the case of a 31-year-old Caucasian, 26 weeks pregnant woman, with no prior medical history, admitted to the hospital with a severe form of COVID 19 pneumonia and who, during the course of the disease, developed a massive splenic infarction with splenic artery thrombosis.
Efficacy and Treatment-Related Adverse Events of Romidepsin in PTCL Clinical Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Jun , Han Xinle , Lin Suwen , Qiu Chen , Zhu Lijun , Huang Zoufang , Hou Jian
Published: November 2021

Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an extensive class of biologically and clinically heterogeneous diseases with dismal outcomes. The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) romidepsin was approved for relapsed and refractory (R/R-PTCL) in 2011. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of romidepsin in PTCL.

Methods: We searched for articles on the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin in the treatment of PTCL in Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. The methodology is further detailed in PROSPERO (CRD42020213651, CRD42020213553). The 2-year overall survival (OS), 2-year progression-free survival (PFS), and their corresponding to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured. Besides, corresponding 95% CIs were pooled for the complete response (CR), partial response (PR), duration of response (DoR), and risk of adverse events (AEs).

Results: Eleven studies containing 388 patients were incorporated into the quantitative synthesis, of which R/R-PTCL patients were the dominant portion, accounting for 94.3% (366/388). For all studies, the CR rate was 20% (95% CI, 13–27%, random effects model), and the PR rate was 18% (95% CI, 12–25%, random effects model). The 2-year OS was 48% (95% CI, 38–59%, fixed effects model), and the 2-year PFS was 17% (95% CI, 13–21%, fixed effects model). There were no significant differences between romidepsin monotherapy and romidepsin plus additional drugs. Hematological toxicities, such as lymphopenia and granulocytopenia, remained the most continually happening grade 3 or higher AEs, accounting for 46 and 28%, respectively. None of the studies reported any drug-related mortality.

Conclusions: Considering that most of the included patients had R/R-PTCL, the addition of romidepsin significantly enhance the efficacy. And AEs were tolerable as the grade 3/4 AEs in romidepsin monotherapy was 7% (95% CI, 6–8%). It is imperative to further expand the first-line application of romidepsin and carry out personalized therapy based on epigenomics, which will improve the survival of PTCL patients.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020213651 and https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020213553.
The Availability and Safety Study of Remimazolam Besylate for Injection on Sedation of ERAS Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation in ICU: Protocol for a Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Shengjun , Su Longxiang , Zhang Bo , He Huaiwu , Li Zunzhu , Li Qi , Wang Qianlin , Smith Fang , Long Yun
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The most common physiological and psychological disorders associated with critical care patients are pain and anxiety. Sedatives and analgesics are commonly used to relieve these symptoms. However, the adverse effects of sedatives and analgesics are common and inevitable. As a new type of sedative drug, limited number of trials are available to evaluate Remimazolam Besylate's availability and safety compared with propofol.

Methods: This study is a single center, randomized, open-label, controlled trial. A total of 84 patients who meet ERAS criteria and receive mechanical ventilation in ICU, aged ≥18 years old will be included. Patients will be randomized (1:1) into two groups: Remimazolam Besylate group and Propofol group. The Primary outcomes includes satisfaction rate of sedation and incidence rate of major clinical events. Secondary outcomes including incidence of delirium, time to weaning and extubation, Difficulty of nursing RASS, BIS and PI, 28-days survival, side-effect and vital signs during medications, total dose and dose per kilogram body weight of analgesic and sedatives and incidence of rescue therapy in experimental group.

Ethics and Dissemination: This trial has been approved by the ethics boards of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Recruitment began in January 2022 and will continue until June 2022. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, stakeholder engagement efforts and presentation to the public via lay media outlets.

Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04947345
StainNet: A Fast and Robust Stain Normalization Network
Authors: Kang Hongtao , Luo Die , Feng Weihua , Zeng Shaoqun , Quan Tingwei , Hu Junbo , Liu Xiuli
Published: November 2021

Stain normalization often refers to transferring the color distribution to the target image and has been widely used in biomedical image analysis. The conventional stain normalization usually achieves through a pixel-by-pixel color mapping model, which depends on one reference image, and it is hard to achieve accurately the style transformation between image datasets. In principle, this difficulty can be well-solved by deep learning-based methods, whereas, its complicated structure results in low computational efficiency and artifacts in the style transformation, which has restricted the practical application. Here, we use distillation learning to reduce the complexity of deep learning methods and a fast and robust network called StainNet to learn the color mapping between the source image and the target image. StainNet can learn the color mapping relationship from a whole dataset and adjust the color value in a pixel-to-pixel manner. The pixel-to-pixel manner restricts the network size and avoids artifacts in the style transformation. The results on the cytopathology and histopathology datasets show that StainNet can achieve comparable performance to the deep learning-based methods. Computation results demonstrate StainNet is more than 40 times faster than StainGAN and can normalize a 100,000 × 100,000 whole slide image in 40 s.
Change in Anemia by Carnitine Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kaneko Shohei , Yanai Katsunori , Kitano Taisuke , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Hirai Keiji , Ookawara Susumu , Morishita Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2021

Background: Carnitine supplementation improves various dialysis-related symptoms including erythropoietin-resistant anemia in patients who are undergoing hemodialysis. However, the utility of carnitine supplementation in patients who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is not fully understood.

Methods: Thirteen patients undergoing PD [mean age: 54.2 ± 14.8 years, males: 9/13 (69%)] administered oral carnitine supplementation (mean dose: 9.1 ± 3.3 mg/kg/day) for 4–6 months were retrospectively investigated. Changes in serum carnitine levels and other clinical variables including the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) were analyzed after carnitine supplementation.

Results: Carnitine supplementation increased serum total carnitine (48.5 ± 10.2 vs. 130.1 ± 37.2 μmol/L, P < 0.01), free carnitine (31.1 ± 8.3 vs. 83.1 ± 24.6 μmol/L, P < 0.01), and acyl carnitine (17.4 ± 2.8 vs. 46.9 ± 13.8, P < 0.01) levels. The acyl carnitine/free carnitine ratio was not affected (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.75). Although the mean ERI was not affected by carnitine supplementation [13.7 ± 4.7 vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 IU/kg/(g/dL)/week, P = 0.28], the ERI change rate was significantly decreased (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.87 ± 0.11, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Carnitine supplementation may improve erythropoietin resistance in patients who are undergoing PD.
The Dominating Role of Genetic Background in Shaping Gut Microbiota of Honeybee Queen Over Environmental Factors
Authors: Yang Jiandong , Zhong Yun , Xu Liqun , Zeng Bo , Lai Kang , Yang Mingxian , Li Diyan , Zhao Ye , Zhang Mingwang , Li Debing
Published: November 2021

A balanced, diverse gut microbiota is vital for animal health. The microbial population is shaped by multiple factors including genetic background and environment, but other determinants remain controversial. Numerous studies suggest that the dominant factor is genetic background while others emphasize the environmental factors. Here, we bred asexual hybridization queens (AHQs) of honeybees through nutritional crossbreeding (laid in Apis mellifera colony but bred in Apis cerana colony), sequenced their gut microbiome, and compared it with normally bred sister queens to determine the primary factor shaping the gut microbiota. Our results showed that the dominant genera in the gut microbiota of AHQs were Brevundimonas, Bombella, and Lactobacillus, and its microbial community was more related to A. mellifera queens. The AHQs had a moderate number of different bacterial species and diversity, but total bacterial numbers were low. There were more significant taxa identified in the comparison between AHQ and A. cerana queen according to LEfSe analysis results. The only genetic-specific taxon we figured out was Brevundimonas. The growth of core bacterial abundance showed different characteristics among different queen groups in the first week after emerging. Collectively, this study suggested that the genetic background played a more dominant role than environmental factors in shaping the gut microbiota of honeybee queen and the microbiota of midgut was more sensitive than that of rectum to this impact.