bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Optoelectronic, γ‐Attenuation, and Thermodynamic Properties of Novel MnGa2P3H4NO14 for Energy Applications: A DFT Study
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Ahmed Emad M. , Issa Shams A. M. , Zakaly H. M. H.
Published: November 2024

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) from the semiconductor family have garnered considerable interest due to the growing popularity of optoelectronic and thermodynamical applications. Our present study has presented findings on the electronic, optical, and thermodynamic characteristics of spinel oxide MnGa2P3H4NO14; using density functional theory (DFT), we utilized first‐principles calculations carried out with the Wien 2 k software package. The calculations were performed using the generalized‐gradient‐approximation plus Hubbard potential U (GGA+U) method for the doped materials. The band structure calculation reveals that the parent compound exhibits a semiconducting nature and a direct band gap of 2.9 and 1.7 eV for spin‐up and down channels, respectively. The stability of the material is assessed by evaluating its formation energies, which reveal that spinel oxide exhibits the highest stability. The thermodynamic properties are determined using the quasiharmonic Debye model, implemented in the GIBBS 2 code. Furthermore, the quasiharmonic Debye model examines the pressure and temperature dependence of all parameters related to the investigated spinel oxides. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the radiation shielding, we computed the mass attenuation coefficient for the XCOM program that was investigated from the sample. In addition, linear attenuation, half‐value layer, and mean free path values have been evaluated. A thorough investigation into the dielectric function's optical characteristics was conducted. It has been found that the dielectric function exhibits a wide range of energy transparency. The discovery of UV‐absorbing materials with extremely narrow band gaps suggests their potential use in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. These results provide solid proof and motivation for seeking cutting‐edge optoelectronic materials and technology.
Assessment of different interpolation algorithms for daily rainfall spatial distribution in the Var catchment, France
Authors: Ma Qiang , Chang Siyuan , Lu Guowei , Gourbesville Philippe
Published: November 2024

To have effective water resource management, the distributed hydrological models are commonly applied for supporting the decision‐making processes. Among different inputs, the spatial distributed rainfall plays significant role in those model simulations. Many interpolation methods have been developed for generating distributed rainfall based on measurement samples. However, depending on the catchment characteristics and data availability, the suitable interpolation algorithm is case‐dependent. This paper presents one operational approach for determining the resonable interpolation algorithm in a complex large catchment (Var catchment, France). Based on the daily rainfall data (2008–2014) collected from 16 stations in the Var catchment, six different interpolation approaches including: inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, kriging with linear and spherical semi‐variogram models and geographically weighted regression considering elevation effects and the combined impacts of elevation and distance to the sea were tested. Integrated the results of statistical and modeling assessments, the 400 m resolution distributed rainfall generated by IDW algorithm shows high preference in generating distributed rainfall in the Var catchment. Moreover, the strategy described in the article also shows promising acceptability for other catchments.
Occurrence, ecological, and health risk assessment of antibiotics in water from the Karst River during influenza season
Authors: Pan Xiong , Fu Wenjie , Yang Yuyi
Published: November 2024

The widespread use of antibiotics has significantly increased their presence in aquatic environments, particularly in sensitive Karst River systems. In this study, the distribution and ecological, human health, and resistance selection risk assessment of 44 antibiotics in the typical Karst River, Lijiang River, were investigated during the influenza season, a period marked by heightened antibiotic usage. 27 antibiotics could be found in the water of Lijiang River, among which azithromycin showing the highest concentrations. The concentrations of total antibiotics were in the range 171.70–2003.75 ng/L, with an average value of 704.76 ng/L. Macrolide was the predominant class, constituting an average of 57.65% of the total antibiotic concentrations. Risk assessments revealed that certain antibiotics, especially macrolides, posed moderate to high ecological risks to algae, displayed potential human health risks at low levels and contributed to antimicrobial resistance. Among all the antibiotics, azithromycin was the only one could cause ecological risk to algae, human health risk towards infants and antimicrobial resistance selection risk, which should be identified as the priority antibiotic for control in the Lijiang River during the influenza season. There was no difference in the concentrations, human health and antimicrobial resistance selection risk of antibiotics between mainstream and tributaries of Lijiang River. This study contributes to a better understanding of antibiotic pollution and provides insights into potential risk management practices in vulnerable aquatic systems worldwide.
Framework for crowdfunding sustainable development goals projects using blockchain
Authors: Chalmeta Ricardo , Cabezas‐Hernando Daniel , dos Santos Silva Jailson
Published: November 2024

Crowdfunding has proven to be a viable strategy for financing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is a type of online financing that prevents intermediaries, such as banks, from obtaining economic support through contributions from users whose motivation may be in exchange for some type of reward and/or altruism. Blockchain and smart contracts support and improve crowdfunding platforms by removing the need for intermediate third parties, making it easier for users to verify how their payments are being used, and providing a transparent ledger for all transactions. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the academic literature on information technologies for sustainable development by developing a bibliometric analysis to identify the top contributing and most influential authors, countries, publishers, institutions, and papers on blockchain to support SDGs achievements through crowdfunding; by developing a classification framework that organizes in research categories and subcategories the current state of art; and by identifying the main findings and a future research agenda in each research category and subcategory. To identify, select, collect, synthesize, analyze, and evaluate all research published on the field, providing a complete insight in this research area, the PRISMA methodology, content analysis and bibliometric tools are used.
Generalized Fused Lasso for Treatment Pooling in Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangshan , Daly Caitlin H. , Béliveau Audrey
Published: November 2024

This work develops a generalized fused lasso (GFL) approach to fitting contrast‐based network meta‐analysis (NMA) models. The GFL method penalizes all pairwise differences between treatment effects, resulting in the pooling of treatments that are not sufficiently different. This approach offers an intriguing avenue for potentially mitigating biases in treatment rankings and reducing sparsity in networks. To fit contrast‐based NMA models within the GFL framework, we formulate the models as generalized least squares problems, where the precision matrix depends on the standard error in the data, the estimated between‐study heterogeneity and the correlation between contrasts in multi‐arm studies. By utilizing a Cholesky decomposition of the precision matrix, we linearly transform the data vector and design matrix to frame NMA within the GFL framework. We demonstrate how to construct the GFL penalty such that every pairwise difference is penalized similarly. The model is straightforward to implement in R via the “genlasso” package, and runs instantaneously, contrary to other regularization approaches that are Bayesian. A two‐step GFL‐NMA approach is recommended to obtain measures of uncertainty associated with the (pooled) relative treatment effects. Two simulation studies confirm the GFL approach's ability to pool treatments that have the same (or similar) effects while also revealing when incorrect pooling may occur, and its potential benefits against alternative methods. The novel GFL‐NMA method is successfully applied to a real‐world dataset on diabetes where the standard NMA model was not favored compared to the best‐fitting GFL‐NMA model with AICc selection of the tuning parameter (.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclobutanes in the Presence of Thiourea: A New Efficient Route to 2‐ Arylallylmalonates
Authors: Zhao Ruixin , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Jintao , Chen Zuliang
Published: November 2024

A straightforward access to various substituted 2‐arylallylmalonates from readily available donor‐Acceptor (D‐A) cyclobutanes catalyzed by Al(OTf)3 in the presence of thiourea is reported. This is a new and convenient approach for isomerization of donor‐acceptor cyclobutanes into 2‐arylallylmalonates.
Theoretical Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Properties and Molecular Docking of Carbazoles Derived from Murraya Koenigii
Authors: Vishwakarma Neha , Patil Praful S. , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: November 2024

In this study, the density functional theory (DFT) method is used to theoretically investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of natural carbazoles. The selected carbazoles have significant NLO characteristics. Using the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level theories, the linear optical absorption, HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and dipole moments were calculated. The first hyperpolarizability (β0), second hyperpolarizability (γ), and static and dynamic linear polarizability (α0) components were computed. Electron correlation was obtained, which was compared with NLO and docking studies showing good relation with both. All carbazole compounds demonstrate good optoelectronic qualities that promote their potential use in electronic devices, as demonstrated by the frequency‐dependent dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) functionals at 532 and 1064 nm wavelengths. The results of the molecular docking study shows that CBZ molecules exhibit a strong affinity for both Malassezia globosa (SMG1) lipase targets. The docking data demonstrated a strong binding ability, with CBZ7 and CBZ3. This indicates that CBZ7 and CBZ3 outperform all other compounds and have a high binding capability to the target protein.
Sn Penetrated Zincophilic Interface Design in Porous Zn Substrate for High Performance Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Han Wangyang , Tan Yihong , Ni Liping , Sun Ximei , Li Kunzhen , Lu Leilei , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2024

Rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries are considered an ideal energy storage system due to their low cost and nonflammable aqueous electrolyte. However, dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and self‐corrosion of zinc anode brought about serious safety risks including short circuits and electrode expansion. Therefore, a modified host‐design strategy with a 3D porous structure and bulk‐phase penetrated zincophilic interface is proposed to boost the stability and lifetime of the Zn anode. The porous Zn substrate is constructed by universal HCl etching and the uniform and tight Sn‐penetrated zincophilic interface is formed by effective electron beam evaporation (EBE). The porous substrate can uniform zinc ion flux and the Sn coating could effectively improve zinc ion deposition behavior, thus inhibiting the risk of dendrites growth and side reaction. As a result, the 3D Zn substrate with Sn interface (3D Zn@Sn) exhibits prolonged galvanostatic cycling performance up to 4500 h with a low polarization of ≈25 mV (1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2) in the symmetric cell. The full cell assembled with KVOH@Ti could maintain a high specific capacity of 148.6 mAh g−1 after 500 galvanostatic cycles (10 A g−1). This work proposed an improved electrode design to realize the high performance of zinc ion batteries.
Dissociation Constant (Kd) Measurement for Small‐Molecule Binding Aptamers: Homogeneous Assay Methods and Critical Evaluations
Authors: Stangherlin Stefen , Ding Yuzhe , Liu Juewen
Published: November 2024

Since 1990, numerous aptamers have been isolated and discovered for use in various analytical, biomedical, and environmental applications. This trend continues to date. A critical step in the characterization of aptamer binding is to measure its binding affinity toward both target and non‐target molecules. Dissociation constant (Kd) is the most commonly used value in characterizing aptamer binding. In this article, homogenous assays are reviewed for aptamers that can bind small‐molecule targets. The reviewed methods include label‐free methods, such as isothermal titration calorimetry, intrinsic fluorescence of target molecules, DNA staining dyes, and nuclease digestion assays, and labeled methods, such as the strand displacement reaction. Some methods are not recommended, such as those based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles and the desorption of fluorophore‐labeled DNA from nanomaterials. The difference between the measured apparent Kd and the true Kd of aptamer binding is stressed. In addition, avoiding the titration regime and paying attention to the time required to reach equilibrium are discussed. Finally, it is important to include mutated non‐binding sequences as controls.
Local haplotyping reveals insights into the genetic control of flowering time variation in wild and domesticated soybean
Authors: Mohamedikbal Shameela , Al‐Mamun Hawlader A. , Marsh Jacob I. , Upadhyaya Shriprabha , Danilevicz Monica F. , Nguyen Henry T. , Valliyodan Babu , Mahan Adam , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David
Published: November 2024

The timing of flowering in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a key legume crop, is influenced by many factors, including daylight length or photoperiodic sensitivity, that affect crop yield, productivity, and geographical adaptation. Despite its importance, a comprehensive understanding of the local linkage landscape and allelic diversity within regions of the genome influencing flowering and contributing to phenotypic variation in subpopulations has been limited. This study addresses these gaps by conducting an in‐depth trait association and linkage analysis coupled with local haplotyping using advanced bioinformatics tools, including crosshap, to characterize genomic variation using a pangenome dataset representing 915 domesticated and wild‐type individuals. The association analysis identified eight significant loci on seven chromosomes. Moving beyond traditional association analysis, local haplotyping of targeted regions on chromosomes 6 and 20 identified distinct haplotype structures, variation patterns, and genomic candidates influencing flowering in subpopulations. These results suggest the action of a network of genomic candidates influencing flowering time and an untapped reservoir of genomic variation for this trait in wild germplasm. Notably, GlymaLee.20G147200 on chromosome 20 was identified as a candidate gene that may cause delayed flowering in soybean, potentially through histone modifications of floral repressor loci as seen in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. These findings support future functional validation of haplotype‐based alleles for marker‐assisted breeding and genomic selection to enhance latitude adaptability of soybean without compromising yield.
Toward Environmental Sustainability in Africa: The Impact of Financial Technology, Human Development, and Renewable Energy Consumption Across Income Groups
Authors: Oben Remy , Seraj Mehdi , Eyüpoğlu Şerife Zihni
Published: November 2024

The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 13 (“Climate Action”) aims to address the issues of global warming and climate change, primarily caused by greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the impacts of financial technology, human development, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality from 2013 to 2019 in African nations classified into different income groups. Using the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) technique, results show that economic growth and human development (renewable energy consumption and financial technology) increase (decrease) carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. These imply that in the absence of sustainable practices, pursuing economic growth and human development could degrade the environment, while transitioning to renewable energy and promoting fintech could improve environmental quality. This study makes five major scientific contributions in terms of research question (unique combination of variables), sample (carbon emission‐financial technology nexus in Africa), proxy for financial technology (“credit flows by fintech and big tech companies to GDP (%)”), MMQR estimation technique (for the first time in this context), and comparative analysis based on income‐group classification. This study recommends the implementation of sustainable development frameworks, the adoption of green technologies, the transition from nonrenewable to renewable energy sources, the widespread education and awareness on environmental effects, and the encouragement of sustainable fintech solutions to help African countries attain sustainable economic growth and human development while reducing their carbon footprints.
Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption on Adsorbent Derived From Biomass of Fabaceae Plant in Vietnam: Effect of Preparation Conditions on Equilibrium Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Vu Thai Phuong , Quyen Lam Thi Thanh , Hiep Nguyen Trung , Thu Ta Thi Hoai , Suong Tran Tuyet
Published: November 2024

The present work is devoted to examining the potential of Sesbania sesban biochar produced through slow pyrolysis for 120 min at 300°C in removing hexavalent chromium from the aqueous phase. The physicochemical characteristics of biochar were analyzed utilizing a variety of analytical tools including SEM, BET, and FTIR. Results revealed that the biochar had a smooth surface, an even stacking pattern with a porous texture, a large BET surface area equal to 562 m2/g, and a pHpzc of 6.9. The biochar efficiency in eliminating Cr (VI) was investigated through several variables, including biochar dosage (0.1–0.4 g), pH (2–8), initial chromium ion concentration (10–40 mg/L), and adsorption time (15–120) min. The results identified the best conditions for adsorbing Cr (VI): an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, an absorbent dosage of 0.3 g, a pH solution of 2, and a reaction time of 90 min. The experiment achieved a Cr (VI) removal efficiency of over 90% by applying these conditions. The adsorption isotherm data were analyzed and showed a strong correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.985) for Langmuir monolayer model, in which the maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 5.3 mg/g. According to the kinetic investigation, the adsorption of Cr (VI) was adapted to a pseudo‐second‐order model having a high R2 value of 0.998. These results demonstrate that Sesbania sesban biochar has excellent potential as a cost‐effective and highly efficient adsorbent for removing hexavalent chromium and improving water quality.
Sex‐related differences in the presentation, management and response to treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: Cross sectional analysis of EoE CONNECT registry
Authors: Laserna‐Mendieta Emilio J. , Casabona‐Francés Sergio , Amorena Edurne , Savarino Edoardo V. , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Blas‐Jhon Leonardo , Guardiola‐Arévalo Antonio , Coletta Marina , Pellegatta Gaia , Guagnozzi Danila , Barrio Jesús , Perello Antonia , Betoré Elena , Krarup Anne Lund , Votto Martina , Gutiérrez‐Junquera Carolina , Naves Juan Enrique , Oliva Salvatore , Teruel Sánchez‐Vegazo Carlos , Carrión Silvia , Riva Susana de la , Espina‐Cadenas Silvia , Fernández‐Fernández Sonia , Llorente‐Barrio Mónica , Pascual‐Lopez Irene , Masiques‐Mas María Luisa , Honrubia‐López Raúl , Dainese Raffaella , García‐Morales Natalia , Cobian Julyssa , Bisso‐Zein Juan Khaled , Roales Valentín , Juan‐Juan Alba , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Alba , Feo‐Ortega Sara , Martín‐Domínguez Verónica , Nantes‐Castillejo Óscar , Nicolay‐Maneru Julia , Ghisa Matteo , Maniero Daria , Suarez Adolfo , Maray Iván , Álvarez‐García Marta , Granja‐Navacerrada Alicia , Penagini Roberto , Racca Francesca , Llerena‐Castro Ronald , Santander Cecilio , Arias Ángel , Lucendo Alfredo J. ,   EUREOS and EoE CONNECT research group
Published: November 2024

Background

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) predominantly affects males across all ages; however, little is known about sex differences for other aspects of EoE.

Objective

To investigate associations between sex and clinical presentation, endoscopic features, treatment choice and response in EoE patients in real‐world practice.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of the multicenter EoE CONNECT registry. The independent contribution of patients' sex and other relevant variables were statistically assessed by multivariate models.

Results

A total of 2976 patients (76% male) were evaluated. Males were diagnosed at a younger age compared to females (32.7 ± 14.8 vs. 34.8 ± 15.6 years, respectively; p = 0.002) with similar diagnostic delay. EoE symptoms varied significantly between sexes, with food impaction predominating in males and dysphagia, heartburn, regurgitation and abdominal and epigastric pain in females. However, female sex contributed to higher symptom severity at diagnosis as measured with Dysphagia Symptom Score (R2 = 0.57; p = 0.013) and presented higher peak eosinophil count in esophageal biopsies (p = 0.005). Males showed increased risk of stricturing or mixed phenotypes (adjusted OR 1.43, 95%CI:1.05–1.96; p = 0.024). No association was found between patients’ sex and first‐line treatment modality: proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were preferred over topical corticosteroids in patients with inflammatory phenotypes instead of stricturing or mixed phenotypes, and in patients who did not present food impaction. Both topical corticosteroids and dietary interventions were preferred over PPI in pediatric patients regardless of sex.

Conclusions

Sex is associated with clinical and phenotypical presentation of EoE at diagnosis, with more fibrotic findings in males but higher symptom score in females.
Mucin 18‐targeted humanized monoclonal antibody immune positron emission tomography imaging and patient‐derived tumor xenograft visualization
Authors: Zhang Qian , Du Haizhen , Ma Xiuli , Liu Song , Kong Xiangxing , Hu Muye , Shi Jing , Tang Yanfang , Liu ShuHui , Meng Xun , Guo Qian , Kong Yan , Guo Jun , Lian Bin , Yang Zhi , Zhu Hua
Published: November 2024

In the context of precision diagnosis for various subtypes of melanoma, identifying biomarkers with clinical translational potential from a molecular standpoint is crucial for a more comprehensive characterization of the disease. Mucin 18 (MUC18) is highly expressed in both tumor cells and tumor vasculature in major melanoma subtypes and is restricted to normal tissues. A noninvasive imaging approach for MUC18 in melanoma utilizing an immune positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide‐conjugated drug (RDC) with an 89Zr‐labeled humanized anti‐MUC18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed. A375, Sk‐Mel‐28, HMVII, and A549 cells and tumor model mice were conducted. Immuno‐PET was employed to assess the specificity and targeting of three distinct melanoma cell line‐derived xenografts (CDXs) and patient‐derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) in immunodeficient mice. The developed RDC, named 89Zr‐IP150, demonstrated robust in vitro stability and high binding affinity, ensuring reliable and specific PET imaging of small, medium, and large subcutaneous tumors in human melanoma mouse xenotransplantation models. Notably, for the first time, the clinical translational potential of 89Zr‐IP150 was successfully validated using PDX models. These findings present a noninvasive, real‐time method for the early screening of MUC18 (+) melanoma patients and are important for studying the early‐stage biological distribution of MUC18‐targeted antibody‐drug conjugates.
Battling for food security in Africa: Is climate finance the missing bullet?
Authors: Kelly Arsene Mouongue
Published: November 2024

As climate change increasingly threatens food production and distribution in Africa, understanding how climate finance programs can effectively improve food security in the region has become a critical research priority. In this light, the present study investigates the effect of climate finance on food security across 37 African countries from 2012 to 2021, utilizing secondary data and employing the system generalized method of moments. Our findings consistently demonstrate that climate finance plays a significant role in reducing food insecurity in Africa. This effect remains robust across various alternative food insecurity and climate finance metrics. Furthermore, through analyses of transmission channels, we confirm the indirect pathways through which climate finance contributes to improved food security outcomes in the region. Based on the findings, the study recommends strengthening and expanding climate finance initiatives focusing on enhancing accessibility, equity, and targeted support for farmers to reduce food insecurity.
Association of commission on cancer accreditation with receipt of guideline‐concordant care and survival among patients with colon cancer
Authors: Chan Kelley , Palis Bryan E. , Cotler Joseph H. , Janczewski Lauren M. , Weigel Ronald J. , Bentrem David J. , Ko Clifford Y.
Published: November 2024

Background

Guideline‐concordant care (GCC) is associated with improved survival for patients with cancer; however, variations in receipt of GCC remain a concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of Commission on Cancer (CoC) hospital accreditation status with receipt of GCC and survival among patients with colon cancer.

Methods

This retrospective observational study identified patients diagnosed with stage I–IV colon cancer from 2018 to 2020 from the National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Database. Guideline concordance was defined as receipt of stage‐appropriate lymphadenectomy or chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic regression models investigated associations with receipt of GCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed 3‐year cancer‐specific mortality risk.

Results

Of 222,583 patients with colon cancer, 146,629 (91.2%) of eligible patients received guideline‐concordant lymphadenectomy and 70,586 (81.9%) of the eligible patients received guideline‐concordant chemotherapy. Treatment at CoC‐accredited hospitals was the strongest modifiable predictor for receipt of guideline‐concordant lymphadenectomy (odds ratio [OR] 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75–1.88) and chemotherapy (OR 2.14; 95% CI 2.06–2.23). Among patients treated at CoC‐accredited hospitals, risk adjusted mortality was decreased for patients with stage I–II disease (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–0.99), stage III disease (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88–0.98), and stage IV disease (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.84–0.92).

Conclusions

For patients with colon cancer, treatment at CoC‐accredited hospitals was associated with increased receipt of GCC and decreased mortality risk. Benchmarking data may serve as a valuable accountability tool for quality assessment to improve cancer treatment and outcomes.
Unsteady flow rate in transient, incompressible pipe flow
Authors: Brumand‐Poor Faras , Kotte Tim , Pasquini Enrico , Kratschun Filipp , Enking Joscha , Schmitz Katharina
Published: November 2024

Knowledge regarding current flow rates through pipes and other components is crucial for most hydraulic systems. The hydraulic power can be computed in combination with the pressure, which may be used in many applications, such as predictive maintenance. Most flow rate sensors used in the field of fluid power operate invasively. Therefore, the measurement process itself alters the flow rate. Furthermore, most sensors operate accurately for stationary flow but produce inaccurate measurements for transient flow. A well‐known method of determining the flow rate is to measure the pressure difference between two points along a pipeline and calculate the flow rate based on the law of Hagen and Poiseuille. However, since the relation mentioned above only applies to laminar, steady, and incompressible flow, its usefulness for transient flows is limited. This paper derives a system equation based on the fundamental laws of fluid mechanics, which describe transient, incompressible pipe flow. As a result, the fundamental equations are solved in the Laplace domain and subsequently transformed back into the time domain. The four‐pole theorem relates the pressure difference and the volumetric flow rate. The analytical solution consists of a convolution integral containing a weighting function and the pressure difference. Compared to a simulation, the novel equation displays high accuracy for transient and stationary incompressible pipe flow. This equation paves the way for a soft sensor, which allows the noninvasive measurement of arbitrary volumetric flow rates within pipes.
Impact of microorganisms on Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes flow and heat transfer of nanofluid: A numerical study
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Nawaz Rab , Ali Aamir , Alruwaili Abdulmohsen Daham
Published: November 2024

In this article, we present a numerical study of unsteady flow and heat transfer in a viscous‐based nanofluid, examining the impact of microorganisms on a moving surface emerging from a moving slot. This gives rise to a new type of boundary layer flow, which can resemble that over a stretching or shrinking surface depending on the motion of the slot. To solve the partial differential equations governing the bio‐convectional flow, we employ the Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes variable and transform the equations into a corrected similar form. Our numerical solutions reveal the presence of dual solutions within a specific range of the moving slot parameter. Our findings have important implications for understanding the behavior of nanofluids and microorganisms in dynamic flow environments.
A Study on Function Concept among Freshmen in Senior High School in Inner Mongolia and Suggestions to Textbook Compilation
Authors: Dang Guoqiang , Guo Yufeng
Published: November 2024

The concept of function is the first important and difficult knowledge that high school students encounter when learning mathematics. The purpose of this study was to examine the understanding of the concept of function among freshmen at a senior high school in Inner Mongolia, China. This study adopted a combination of a questionnaire and a test concerning the concept of function in senior high school. The results show that freshmen have the following problems in the understanding of function concepts: understanding of the correspondence definition of function concepts is not thorough enough, the understanding of the concept and interrelationship of the three elements of functions is not deep enough, and there are major problems in understanding whether two functions are the same function, the graphics, and domain of abstract functions. Finally, provide suggestions to mathematics textbook writers to improve the content of function concepts.
A Comparative Study of the U.S. Evaluation Criteria for Quality Instructional Materials Tool—Grades 1–5 as an Example
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Zhao Xinyi , Kong Fanzhe
Published: November 2024

As a guiding document for the development, publication, distribution and selection of teaching materials, the evaluation standards for teaching materials are of great significance in ensuring the quality and guiding the healthy development of teaching materials. EdReports.org, a private, independent, non-profit organization that develops and publishes the Quality Instructional Materials Tool： K-8 Mathematics (QIMT) based on the original vision of “equity, excellence, and support for teachers”, which provides standards for evaluating mathematic materials for grades K-12. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth study of the background and original intention, framework and content, process and approach of the QIMT (1~5), and finally conclude three experiences and insights that can be used for reference in our country.
A Comparative Analysis on the “Arbitrary Angle and Radian System” Content of China and America
Authors: Ma Tianhui , Zhang Qiuyi
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes the content of “Arbitrary angle and radian system” in Chinese and American high school mathematics textbooks from macro and micro levels. At the macro level, curriculum standards and content range are compared, while at the micro level, concept learning, exercises and mathematical history are compared. The results show that compared with American mathematics textbooks, Chinese mathematics textbooks pay more attention to the cultivation of students’ “basic knowledge and ability” rather than inquiry ability. Chinese textbooks respect the logic of mathematical knowledge and emphasize the expression of mathematical language in concepts and exercises, while American textbooks are more reflective of real life. Chinese textbooks are more closely related to knowledge than American textbooks. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.
The Potentially Implemented Spiral Curriculum: A 3-Feature Analysis of Geometry Textbook Chapters
Authors: Punzal Chara Deanna F. , Aberin Maria Alva Q. , Francisco Flordeliza F.
Published: November 2024

Since the Philippine K-12 reform in 2012, textbooks now follow a Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) across grade levels. This content analysis investigated the manifestations of the 3 features of a spiral curriculum: (1) revisit of topics, (2) increase in difficulty level, and (3) relating to pre-requisite knowledge, in math textbooks. Combining frameworks, the study analysed the discussions, examples, and exercises of the geometry chapters of 4 textbooks (1 series for junior high school). It was found that topic discussions were more repetitive than spiralling. Majority of the examples and exercises were also focused on low difficulty levels, thus leading to underdeveloped competency. The study reinforces the integral role of textbooks and crafting resources with the SPA features in mind to help in the implementation of the K-12 curriculum.
Examining Curriculum Alignment in Mathematics in a Transition Period: An Analysis of the New Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki , Kawazoe Mitsuru , Iwata Koji , Nishimura Kei’ichi , Shimizu Yoshinori
Published: November 2024

This study examines the alignment of school mathematics curriculum with a focus on the relationship between the intended and the implemented curriculum by analysing the elementary school mathematics textbooks based on the new national curriculum standards released in 2017. A theoretical framework of curriculum alignment in the earlier TIMSS curriculum analysis was used in this study. The results of analysis reveal that textbooks do not cover all types of mathematical activities emphasized in the new national curriculum standards and that there are certain limitations in the types of problem included. The results suggest that teachers need to supplement tasks and activities that are not explicitly provided in the textbooks for achieving the new competency-oriented goals intended by the national curriculum standards.
A Study on Junior High School Teachers’ Use of Mathematics Textbook: A Case Study in China
Authors: Yan Jiajie , Guo Yufeng , Chen Lixue
Published: November 2024

One of the focuses on the current Chinese mathematics curriculum reform is shifting from “teaching with textbook” to “using the textbook for teaching”. Based on this background, this study aims to analyse the use of mathematics textbooks by an excellent Junior High School mathematics teacher in mathematics classroom. The content analysis method is used to compare the textbooks and the teaching materials actually used by teachers from teaching content and design sequence. In terms of teaching content, teachers have a higher degree of recognition of the mathematics textbooks contents and use most contents in the textbooks. However, the content of the textbook will be split, reorganized, supplemented and deleted when used. Moreover, teachers adjusted the order of teaching based on textbooks. It can be seen that teachers have redesigned textbooks when using them. This research helps inform that teachers should not use math textbooks directly, but should modify them according to their respective schools.
Study on the Types of Problems in Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Yang Junna , Liu Xiaomei , Wang Yihan
Published: November 2024

As the most important resource for mathematics learning, mathematics textbooks directly affect teachers’ teaching activities and students’ learning, the presentation of its content has always been one of the focuses of textbook attention and research. The content of textbooks should not merely be the presentation of concepts, theorems and other mathematical facts. As students’ learning materials, mathematical problems should be an important part of mathematics textbooks. As P. R. Halmos said, “Problem is the heart of mathematics”, the real component of mathematics is the raising and solving of problems. The textbook of version of Beijing Normal University Press is based on the model of “problem situation-mathematical modeling-explanation, application and expansion”, which builds a platform for students to learn mathematics by trying to solve various problems. Based on the existing researches on the types of questions, classroom questions, textbook questions and Bloom’s target taxonomy, this research statistically collation the problems in the textbooks, divides them into 5 types according to their characteristics, analyzes and studies their specific distribution, some of their characteristics revealed in textbooks and how textbooks provide students in different fields and grades with different types of problems.
Study on Learning Opportunities of Geometric Transformation in NCM Textbooks
Authors: Xie Zhiyong , Tian Yanyan , Liu Jian , Huang Wenbei , Li Linxue
Published: November 2024

Spatial geometry is closely related to our lives. Geometric transformation raises geometry to a dynamic level, which helps students construct and manipulate the psychological representation of multidimensional objects. Student academic performance is closely related to opportunities to learn (OTL). Textbooks are the most important learning resource for students’ differences in OTL. Based on the perspective of OTL, this study has constructed an evaluation framework, studied the characteristics of the NCM textbook, a mainstream textbook of primary school mathematics in China, in terms of geometric transformation compilation, and discussed the compilation of textbooks.
Modularity in d > 2 free conformal field theory
Authors: Lei Yang , van Leuven Sam
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We derive new closed form expressions for the partition functions of free conformally-coupled scalars on S2D−1 × S1 which resum the exact high-temperature expansion. The derivation relies on an identification of the partition functions, analytically continued in chemical potentials and temperature, with multiple elliptic Gamma functions. These functions satisfy interesting modular properties, which we use to arrive at our expressions. We describe a geometric interpretation of the modular properties of multiple elliptic Gamma functions in the context of superconformal field theory. Based on this, we suggest a geometric interpretation of the modular property in the context of the free scalar CFT in even dimensions and comment on extensions to odd dimensions and free fermions.
Shadow formalism for supersymmetric conformal blocks
Authors: Belavin V. , Ramos Cabezas J. , Runov B.
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Shadow formalism is a technique in two-dimensional CFT allowing straightforward computation of conformal blocks in the limit of infinitely large central charge. We generalize the construction of shadow operator for superconformal field theories. We demonstrate that shadow formalism yields known expressions for the large-c limit of the four-point superconformal block on a plane and of the one-point superconformal block on a torus. We also explicitly find the two-point global torus superconformal block in the necklace channel and check it against the Casimir differential equation.
Electric Dipole Moments as indirect probes of dark sectors
Authors: Ardu Marco , Rahat Moinul Hossain , Valori Nicola , Vives Oscar
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Dark sectors provide beyond Standard Model scenarios which can address unresolved puzzles, such as the observed dark matter abundance or the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. A naturally small portal to the dark sector is obtained if dark-sector interactions stem from a non-Abelian hidden gauge group that couples through kinetic mixing with the hypercharge boson. In this work, we investigate the phenomenology of such a portal of dimension five in the presence of CP violation, focusing on its signatures in fermion electric dipole moments. We show that, currently unbounded regions of the parameter space from dark photon searches can be indirectly probed with upcoming electron dipole moment experiments for dark boson masses in the range 1 − 100 GeV. We also discuss two particular scenarios where a SU(2)D dark gauge group spontaneously breaks into either an Abelian U(1)D or nothing. In both cases, we show that potentially observable electron dipole moments can be produced in vast regions of the parameter space compatible with current experimental constraints and observed dark matter abundance.
Freezing-in cannibal dark sectors
Authors: Cervantes Esau , Hryczuk Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Self-Interacting Dark Matter models can successfully explain dark matter (DM) production through interactions confined within the dark sector. However, they often lack measurable experimental signals due to their secluded nature. Including a feeble interaction with the visible sector through a Higgs portal leads not only to potential detection avenues and richer thermal production dynamics, but also to a possible explanation of the initial dark sector population through the freeze-in mechanism. In this work we study, by solving the full system of coupled Boltzmann equations for the number densities and temperatures of all the involved states, three scenarios of this type where the DM is: a real scalar with broken ℤ2, a complex scalar with unbroken ℤ3, and a ℤ3 scalar with an additional scalar mediator. All of these models have viable dark matter candidates in a cannibal phase while having different detection profiles. We show that cosmological bounds can be either exacerbated or evaded by changing the dark sector interactions, leading to potential signatures in long-lived particle and indirect detection experiments.
Update zu Indikationen und Möglichkeiten der invasiven fetalen Diagnostik
Authors: Burkhardt Tilo , Bürger Olga
Published: November 2024

Die Häufigkeit angeborener Fehlbildungen wird laut der aktuellen EUROCAT(European Registration of Congenital Anomalies and Twins)-Statistik mit 2–3 % angegeben. Fehlbildungen können dank besserer Ultraschallgeräte und geschulten Untersuchern immer häufiger und auch früher in der Schwangerschaft erkannt werden und einer weiteren Abklärung mittels genetischer Untersuchungen zugeführt werden. Vorgeburtliche genetische Untersuchungen wiederum wurden in den letzten Jahren schneller und kostengünstiger verfügbar. Eine genetische Diagnose kann den Verlauf von Schwangerschaft und Geburt, von postnatalen Therapien und den weiteren Kinderwunsch maßgeblich beeinflussen. Adäquate und zielführende Pränataldiagnostik beruht immer mehr auf einem Zusammenspiel von Geburtshilfe und Humangenetik. Deshalb ist eine enge Kommunikation zwischen den Fachdisziplinen enorm wichtig. Der Beitrag soll als Leitfaden für die Beratung Schwangerer vor und nach einer Pränataldiagnostik dienen und einen Überblick über gängige Untersuchungsmethoden der Humangenetik geben.
A novel ionic liquid-based approach for DNA and RNA extraction simplifies sample preparation for bacterial diagnostics
Authors: Kreuter Johanna , Bica-Schröder Katharina , Pálvölgyi Ádám M. , Krska Rudolf , Sommer Regina , Farnleitner Andreas H. , Kolm Claudia , Reischer Georg H.
Published: November 2024

DNA- and RNA-based diagnostics play a pivotal role in accurately detecting and characterizing health-relevant bacteria, offering insights into bacterial presence, viability and treatment efficacy. Herein, we present the development of a novel extraction protocol for both DNA and RNA, designed to enable simple and rapid molecular diagnostics. The extraction method is based on the hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and silica-coated magnetic beads. First, we developed an IL-based cell lysis protocol for bacteria that operates at room temperature. Subsequently, we established a magnetic bead purification procedure to efficiently and reproducibly extract DNA and RNA from the IL-lysates. The IL not only lyses the cells, but also facilitates the adsorption of nucleic acids (NAs) onto the surface of the magnetic beads, eliminating the need for a chaotropic binding buffer and allowing for purification of NAs without significant effort and materials required. Lastly, we combined the cell lysis step and the purification step and evaluated the novel IL-based extraction method on periopathogenic bacterial cultures, comparing it to commercial DNA and RNA extraction kits via (RT)-qPCR. In comparison to the reference methods, the IL-based extraction protocol yielded similar or superior results. Furthermore, costs are lower, required materials and equipment are minimal and the process is fast (30 min), simple and automatable. These characteristics favour the developed method for use in routine and high-throughput testing as well as in point-of-care, on-site and low-resource settings, thereby advancing the field of molecular diagnostics.

Graphical Abstract
Mean curvature flow from conical singularities
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Daniels-Holgate J. M. , Schulze Felix
Published: November 2024

We prove Ilmanen’s resolution of point singularities conjecture by establishing short-time smoothness of the level set flow of a smooth hypersurface with isolated conical singularities. This shows how the mean curvature flow evolves through asymptotically conical singularities. Precisely, we prove that the level set flow of a smooth hypersurface$M^{n}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$Mn⊂Rn+1,$2\leq n\leq 6$2≤n≤6, with an isolated conical singularity is modeled on the level set flow of the cone. In particular, the flow fattens (instantaneously) if and only if the level set flow of the cone fattens.