bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I’ve seen my friend get chopped”: The Influence of Peer Networks on Exposure to Violence Among Homeless Young Adults
Authors: Heerde Jessica A. , Pallotta-Chiarolli Maria
Published: April 2020

Homeless young adults report being exposed to substantial violence and victimization. This often arises through street culture and norms associated with subcultures of violent behavior. In this exploratory study, we applied a decolonizing lens to conduct semi-structured interviews with 18 young adults experiencing homelessness in Victoria, Australia. In this study, we provide a contemporary description of peer relationships among homeless young adults. We examine how these relationships influence exposure to violence, and how young adults perceive and respond to injuries sustained by their peers because of exposure to violence. Findings showed bonds and relationships between homeless young adults appear to imitate the rapport and functions of sibling-kinship that typically exist in supportive family environments. Despite the care and protection provided within close peer relationships, these relationships may also contribute to exposure to violence by way of young adults witnessing violence perpetration and incidences of peers being physically victimized. There is an important duality between the perceived normalization of witnessing peers’ experiences of violence and young adults’ self-reflexive disclosure of vulnerability and helplessness in witnessing these incidents. Study findings have important research and practice implications for recognizing the influence and importance of peer relationships in the delivery of homelessness support programs.
Use of Physician-Estimated and Patient Self-Reported Weights to Guide Initial Fluid Resuscitation in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Lessing Jeremy K. , Ford William J. H. , Steel Peter A. , Clark Sunday , Sharma Rahul , Arbo John E.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Knowledge of patient weight is required to guide initial intravenous fluid therapy for patients with sepsis-associated hypotension or elevated lactate. Previous studies have shown patients are better estimators of their weight than medical providers are; critically ill patients, however, may be unable to provide this information.

Objectives:

This study compares the accuracy of physician-estimated and patient self-reported weights to subsequent inpatient bed/stretcher scale weights for guiding initial protocol-based intravenous fluid therapy in the treatment of emergency department patients with suspected sepsis.

Methods:

Adult patients presenting with a suspected diagnosis of severe sepsis to a large, urban, academic emergency department had either physician-estimated or patient self-reported weights recorded on presentation. All patients had subsequent inpatient bed/stretcher scale weights recorded on the first day of hospitalization.

Results:

Physician-estimated and patient self-reported weights linearly correlated ( P < .001) with inpatient bed/stretcher scale weights. Median accuracy error for physicians (5.4% [2.0-10.1]) and patients (3.9% [1.6-6.4]) was not significantly different ( P = .28). Physician-estimated and patient self-reported weights accuracy was determined at multiple levels: within 5% (46%, 57%, respectively), 10% (75%, 90%), 15% (90%, 95%), and 20% (100%, 95%) error tolerances, as well accurate estimates within 5 kg (69.2%, 70.0%).

Conclusions:

Both physician-estimated and patient self-reported weights are reliable when calculating initial protocol-based intravenous fluid resuscitation for emergency department patients with sepsis.
When Is “Gay Panic” Accepted? Exploring Juror Characteristics and Case Type as Predictors of a Successful Gay Panic Defense
Authors: Michalski Nicholas D. , Nunez Narina
Published: April 2020

“Gay panic” refers to a situation in which a heterosexual individual charged with a violent crime against a homosexual individual claims they lost control and reacted violently because of an unwanted sexual advance that was made upon them. This justification for a violent crime presented by the defendant in the form of a provocation defense is used as an effort to mitigate the charges brought against him. There has been relatively little research conducted concerning this defense strategy and the variables that might predict when the defense is likely to be successful in achieving a lesser sentence for the defendant. This study utilized 249 mock jurors to assess the effects of case type (assault or homicide) and juror characteristics (homophobia, religious fundamentalism, and political orientation) on the success of the gay panic defense compared with a neutral provocation defense. Participant homophobia was found to be the driving force behind their willingness to accept the gay panic defense as legitimate. Higher levels of homophobia and religious fundamentalism were found to predict more leniency in verdict decisions when the gay panic defense was presented. This study furthers the understanding of decision making in cases involving the gay panic defense and highlights the need for more research to be conducted to help understand and combat LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) prejudice in the courtroom.
The Chivalrous Bystander: The Role of Gender-Based Beliefs and Empathy on Bystander Behavior and Perceived Barriers to Intervention
Authors: Yule Kristen , Hoxmeier Jill C. , Petranu Kevin , Grych John
Published: April 2020

Despite substantial evidence demonstrating a relation between gender-based beliefs and violence against women, there has been little research examining whether sexist attitudes are related to prosocial bystander behavior. Understanding psychosocial influences on bystanders’ behavior could inform bystander training programs on college campuses, and so the current study examined the unique and joint effects of three gender-based attitudes (rape myth acceptance, hostile sexism, and benevolent sexism) and empathy in predicting bystander behavior and perceived barriers to intervention in situations that undergraduates ( N = 500; 70% female; Mage = 18.86 years) had experienced in the prior year. Benevolent sexism was the only gender-based attitude consistently associated with bystander behavior and perceived barriers. After accounting for participant empathy, benevolent sexism uniquely predicted less intervention in post-assault situations, greater perceived barriers in pre- and post-assault situations, and greater Failure to Perceive Responsibility and Skill Deficit barriers across situations. Associations between gender-based attitudes and bystander behavior also differed for men and women, with rape myth acceptance predicting greater Failure to Perceive Responsibility barriers and benevolent sexism predicting greater Skill Deficit barriers for women but not men. These results suggest that existing bystander education programs can be improved by explicitly addressing benevolent sexist beliefs and promoting empathy for victims of assault.
Examining Vocational Rehabilitation Services Provided to Incarcerated Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Baloch Natasha A. , Jennings Wesley G.
Published: April 2020

In the U.S. prison system, incarcerated persons with a disability represent a largely marginalized population with limited or inadequate provision of services in prison. In general, once released, ex-offenders face a number of challenges when they reenter society ranging from access to housing, employment, health care, and substance use services. These challenges are generally exacerbated for incarcerated persons with a disability. Overall, there is a dearth of research on rates of vocational services utilization among incarcerated persons with a disability. Using data from the Rehabilitation Services Administration for 30,170 inmates, the results indicate that inmates with cognitive and physical disabilities have the lowest utilization of vocational services overall and across all types of services (educational, job, disability, and other). Furthermore, vocational service utilization varies based on the nature of the disability suggesting distinct programming needs for each group. Implications for access to vocational rehabilitation services and current reentry programming for incarcerated persons with a disability are discussed.
Genital tract infections in HIV‐infected pregnant women in South West London
Authors: Hegazi A , Ramskill N , Norbrook M , Morgan T , Dwyer E , Elgalib A , Renshaw J , Whittaker W , Milne S , Barbour A , Nathan B , Iqbal F , Esterich S , Hay P
Published: April 2020

There are minimal UK data on the prevalence of genital tract infections in HIV‐infected pregnant women. British HIV Association guidelines suggest sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening as early as possible in pregnancy with consideration given to repeat at 28 weeks’ gestation. A retrospective case notes review of HIV-infected pregnant women at four South London HIV Centres (1 January 2004–1 January 2014) was carried out. Five hundred and ninety-eight pregnancies in 384 patients were identified. Median age 32 years (interquartile range [IQR] 27–36) and 96% (n = 346) were heterosexually infected. HIV was diagnosed antenatally in 21% of pregnancies (n = 107). Seventy-seven per cent of women (n = 384) were of Black African ethnicity and 75% were born in sub-Saharan Africa with 14% UK-born. The majority of pregnancies (279/507) were reported to be unplanned with 42 women proceeding to termination of pregnancy. A regular male partner was reported in 95% of pregnancies (n = 539) with median relationship duration (n = 347) of four years (IQR 1.5–7.0); 11/324 (3.4%) women reported additional sexual partners during the pregnancy. 76.6% (n = 427) of women had an initial STI screen which was done in the first trimester in 52.1%; 32.1% of women had a repeat STI screen in pregnancy, 96% of which was done in the third trimester. Overall, 61 (14.3%) women were diagnosed with at least one STI during their pregnancy. Vaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis were diagnosed in 27.6% (n = 100) and 21.7% (n = 73) of pregnancies, respectively. STI prevalence was low and obstetric outcomes favourable in this cohort of women. Further information about STI prevalence in this population may impact future screening guidelines.
“Fearfully and wonderfully made”: Black Caribbean women and the decolonization of thick Black female bodies
Authors: Gentles-Peart Kamille
Published: April 2020

Black feminists promote decolonization as a strategy to recuperate Black women’s dignity and humanity from racist colonialist ideologies. In order to fully explore Black women’s emancipation, Black feminists have to explicitly consider how Black women break away from the ways in which thick Black female bodies have been defined by dominant white colonial cultures, and how Black women of different ethnicities engage in their own recovery of voluptuous Black female bodies. In this paper, I use a Black feminist intersectional lens to explore the ways in which Black Caribbean women recuperate thick Black female bodies from colonialist and racist ideologies. Specifically, using focus groups, I examine how these women participate in what I refer to as emancipatory thick body politics, discourses that challenge and resist the dehumanization of thick Black female bodies. Findings indicate that Black Caribbean women actively participate in decolonizing thick Black female bodies by forming sisterhood communities with other Black Caribbean women, re-defining womanhood, and engaging in transgressive interpretations of Christian doctrine.
How lost and accomplished revolutions shaped psychology: Early Critical Theory (Frankfurt School), Wilhelm Reich, and Vygotsky
Authors: Jovanović Gordana
Published: April 2020

On the occasion of recent centenaries of revolutions in Europe (1917, 1918–19), this article examines, within a general theme of different forms of relationships between revolution and psychology, two types of theories. First, this paper analyses Western theories that, while developing under conditions of a missed or lost revolution in Germany, argued for radical social change by referring to Marxism and psychoanalysis as necessary theoretical tools (Frankfurt School and Wilhelm Reich). Second, this paper analyses the influence of the October Revolution on the development of the psychological theory of Lev Vygotsky in the Soviet Union. In sum, psychology under the conditions of missed or lost revolution was conceptualized as a psychology of the unconscious, of the repression of human needs. Psychology under the conditions of accomplished revolution was conceptualized as a historical social psychology of self-mastery of human beings as social beings.
Landscape development at Lina myr fen, Eastern Gotland, 9000−2500 cal. yr BP
Authors: Strandberg Nichola Ann , Barliaev Aleftin , Martinsson-Wallin Helene , Risberg Jan , Hättestrand Martina , Croudace Ian , Kylander Malin , Yokoyama Yusuke
Published: April 2020

Using diatoms, pollen, and geochemistry, we explore human habitation around Lina myr, Gotland, in relation to shore displacement. Archeological evidence has shown that Lina myr was an important area for its prehistoric human inhabitants. We investigate if and when Lina myr was connected to the sea and could therefore have been part of an inland water system useful for transport. A chronology was based on 14C AMS dating of terrestrial macrofossils and bulk sediments with dates ranging between 9100 and 2360 cal. yr BP. The initiation of the Littorina transgression was dated to 8500 cal. yr BP. A twofold pattern for the maximum sub-phase of the Littorina Sea is suggested from 8100 to 7500 cal. yr BP and from 6500 to 6000 cal. yr BP. The onset of cultivation and grazing was indicated by the presence of Hordeum and Plantago lanceolata in the pollen record during the Late Neolithic, at about 4580 cal. yr BP. During this time sea level was relatively higher than today and the Lina myr basin was connected with the Littorina Sea, which it continued to be until isostatic uplift caused it to become isolated at about 3820 cal. yr BP. After about 3000 cal. yr BP, human-made landscape changes intensified, grasslands increased, and shrublands decreased.
States Decrease Their Required Secondary Transition Planning Age: Federal Policy Must Change
Authors: Suk Andrea L. , Martin James E. , McConnell Amber E. , Biles Tiffany L.
Published: April 2020

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act 2004 mandates transition planning for students with disabilities begin by the age of 16 years. Currently, no study exists describing when states and territories require transition planning to begin; we conducted a methodical review to determine this age. We found over half (52%) the U.S. states and territories (29 of 56) require transition planning begin prior to the federal age 16 mandate. To argue the age 16 federal mandate is too old and needs to be lowered to at least age 14, we review special education law, provide a summary of influential position statements, cite relevant data-based studies, and provide an overview of research-based transition models.
Practicing CPR: A Qualitative Analysis of Resident Motivation
Authors: Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Balmer Dorene F. , Doughty Cara B. , Scarlatos Lori L. , Chang Todd , Lee Song Joo
Published: April 2020

Background. For uncommon events in medicine, such as pediatric CPR, more frequent training is associated with improved performance among healthcare providers and physicians in training. Gamified learning may facilitate motivation to practice CPR, though studies to support this are lacking.

Intervention. Residents were interviewed to understand motivating factors for CPR practice outside of a traditional classroom certification setting.

Methods. We used a qualitative study design within a larger multinational study. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were completed with pediatric residents using a constructivist approach. Transcripts were reviewed independently by two authors (IHG, JLS).

Results. The inductive framework gradually moved away from gamification and towards that of self-determination. Participating residents reported several types of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational drivers towards practicing CPR, such as practicing CPR to prepare, or as a connection to clinical practice. Some themes were amotivational, such as performance anxiety, and detracted from their drive to practice. Despite a gamification design to this curriculum, these components were rarely mentioned. These themes related to achieving Maslow’s three psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness and competence.

Conclusion. The motivation to practice CPR among residents aligns with the self-determination theory. By stimulating intrinsic motivating factors, future curriculum design may better motivate residents to practice CPR.
Palliative Care in a Death-Denying Culture: Exploring Barriers to Timely Palliative Efforts for Heart Failure Patients in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Crimmins Rebecca M. , Elliott Lydia , Absher Darren T.
Published: April 2020

Context:

Heart failure (HF) is a complex, life-limiting disease that is prevalent and burdensome. All major cardiology societies and international clinical practice guidelines recommend the integration of palliative care (PC) interventions alongside usual HF management.

Objectives:

The purpose of this review of the literature was to evaluate the various barriers to the early initiation of PC for HF patients in the primary care setting.

Methods:

An integrative literature review was conducted in order to assess and incorporate the diverse sources of literature available. An EBSCO search identified relevant articles in the following databases: Medline complete, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and SocINDEX. The search was limited to full text, peer reviewed, English only, and published between 2010 and 2019.

Results:

Barriers to the integration of PC for HF patients include poor communication between provider/patient and interdisciplinary providers, the misperception and miseducation of what PC is and how it can be incorporated into patient care, the unpredictable disease trajectory of HF, and the limited time allowed for patient care in the primary care setting.

Conclusion:

The results of this review highlight a lack of communication, time, and knowledge as barriers to delivering PC. Primary care providers caring for patients with HF need to establish an Annual Heart Failure Review to meticulously evaluate symptoms and allow the time for communication involving prognosis, utilize a PC referral screening tool such as the Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease-Heart Failure, and thoroughly understand the benefits and appropriate integration of PC.
Interagency Collaboration: Account and Creative Teams Speak Out About Their Relationship
Authors: Blakeman Robyn , Haley Eric , Taylor Maureen
Published: April 2020

The relationship between account management and creative is a complicated and ever-changing one. A common theme in the advertising literature is that account and creative teams sometimes struggle with intra-agency communication. This article looks at why communication is still an issue today and what knowledge modern account and creative teams need to know about the others’ role in the agency to close the long-standing communication gap. We asked both account managers and art and creative directors (creatives) what they wished the other understood about their roles within the agency. From their answers, we identify pedagogical suggestions for advertising professors as they work to better prepare students for careers in the industry.
Making Glove Decision Less of a White Knuckling Experience: A Systematic Review and Inventory of Glove Accelerator Contents
Authors: Lopushinsky Kaitlyn M. , Gill Navjeet , Shea Whitney K. , Elliott John F. , Straube Sebastian , Dytoc Marlene T.
Published: April 2020

Background

Accelerators in medical gloves are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis among healthcare workers.

Objective

A systematic review of medical and nursing literature, patch testing reports, and chemical analyses of gloves was conducted to assess accelerator contents reported in the literature and to identify accelerator-free gloves.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in OVID Medline and OVID EMBASE. Hand-searching of reference lists of articles in the field and author input generated the remainder of articles assessed.

Results

We present an inventory of accelerator contents of gloves and accelerator-free glove options as reported in the literature as a clinical reference tool to assist allergen-free glove selection for individuals suffering from allergic contact dermatitis due to rubber accelerators.

Limitations

Pertinent limitations of our review include lack of predefined study exclusion criteria and screening of the studies identified in the search by 1 review author only.

Conclusion

The glove inventory we provide summarizes the available literature regarding medical and surgical glove accelerator content, describing gloves both by brand and manufacturer as well as by accelerators.
«Jeg får et helt annet innblikk»: Fagpersoners erfaringer med familieorientert praksis i rusbehandling
Authors: Kalsås Øyvind Reehorst , Selbekk Anne Schanche , Ness Ottar
Published: April 2020

Aim:

Family members’ lives and health are seriously affected by alcohol- and drug addiction in close relationships, and research on addiction treatment shows that outcome of treatment is better when family is involved, both for the patient and family member. In Norway, there are clear political and professional guidelines in favour of involvement of family/significant others in the course of treatment, however, there are few addiction treatment services in Norway who comprehensively do so. The aim of this study is to explore therapists’ experiences from involving family and significant others in interdisciplinary specialised addiction treatment (TSB), within an in-patient clinic in Norway. The research question is: What significance do therapists emphasise from involving family members within interdisciplinary specialised inpatient addiction treatment, and which professional and ethical challenges arise with such involvement?

Method:

The data was gathered through two focus-group interviews and analysed with thematic analysis.

Results:

The main findings of the analysis are: (1) “A solid treatment structure for family involvement is central to family-oriented work”, (2) “Substantial positive effects for both patient, family member and therapist are attributed to family-oriented treatment focus”, and (3) “New dilemmas and challenges arise as a consequence of emphasising family-oriented work”.

Conclusion:

The article gives insights in how treatment practice that involves family and network members can be organised, what can be achieved with such involvement, which challenges and dilemmas can arise, and discusses how these insights challenges language, ethics and judicial framework for addiction treatment.
Early rehabilitation in cardiology – heart failure: The ERIC-HF protocol, a novel intervention to decompensated heart failure patients rehabilitation
Authors: Delgado Bruno Miguel , Lopes Ivo , Gomes Bárbara , Novo André
Published: April 2020

Background:

Decompensated heart failure patients are characterised by functional dependence and low exercise tolerance. Aerobic exercise can improve symptoms, functional capacity and an increase in exercise tolerance. However, the benefits of early rehabilitation have not yet been validated.

Objective:

To evaluate the safety and feasibility of an aerobic exercise training programme in functional capacity of decompensated heart failure patients.

Methodology:

A single centre, parallel, randomised controlled, open label trial, with 100 patients. The training group (TG, n=50) performed the training protocol and the control group (CG, n=50) performed the usual rehabilitation procedures. The London chest activity of daily living (LCADL) scale, the Barthel index (BI) and the 6 minute walking test (6MWT) at discharge were used to evaluate the efficacy of the protocol. Safety was measured by the existence of adverse events.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 70 years, 20% were New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV and 80% NYHA class III at admission. The major heart failure aetiology was ischaemic (35 patients) and valvular disease (25 patients). There were no significant differences between groups at baseline in terms of sociodemographic or pathophysiological characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference of 54.2 meters for the training group ( P=0.026) in the 6MWT and at LCADL 12 versus 16 ( P=0.003), but the BI did not: 96 versus 92 ( P=0.072). No major adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:

The training protocol demonstrated safety and efficacy, promoting functional capacity. This study elucidated about the benefits of a systematised implementation of physical exercise during the patient’s clinical stabilisation phase, which had not yet been demonstrated. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03838003, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03838003 .
Unruly kids? Conceptualizing and defending youth disobedience
Authors: Mattheis Nikolas
Published: April 2020

Taking the ‘Fridays for Future’ movement as its starting point, this article conceptualizes and defends youth disobedience, understood as principled disobedience by legal minors. The article first argues that the school strike for climate can be viewed as civil disobedience. Then, the article distinguishes between various forms of youth disobedience (according to whether they involve child-specific issues or actions). Building on the democratic rationale for civil disobedience, the remainder of the article argues that there is a special justification for youth disobedience. To show this, it argues that children are wrongfully excluded from political participation and that principled law-breaking can be an important remedy to this exclusion. The upshot is that adults should engage seriously and leniently with youth disobedience.
Effect of ultrasonic parameters on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester filled with nano-clay
Authors: Megahed M , Agwa MA , Megahed AA
Published: April 2020

Ultrasound sonication is one of the promising techniques to disperse the nanoparticles into a polymeric matrix thoroughly. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic parameters (amplitude%, time, and cycle of sonication) on the dispersion of 1 wt% nano-clay in polyester matrix were investigated. To disperse the nano-clay into the polyester matrix, sonication amplitudes of 40 and 80%; sonication times of 0.5, 1, and 2 h; and pulsed as well as continuous cycle acoustic irradiation modes were used. Compared with the unfilled glass fiber/polyester composites, the tensile strength and fracture toughness of glass fiber/polyester composites filled with nano-clay were improved with all sonication parameters. The ultrasonic parameters were of significant importance for dispersing nano-clay onto glass fiber/polyester composites and improving the interfacial properties of the composites. Sonication using an amplitude of 40% with pulse control mode of 0.5 cycle and time of 2 h resulted in maximum improvement in both ultimate tensile strength and fracture toughness of 22 and 33.4%, respectively, as compared to neat specimens.
Autoethnography (Military, Environment) as Transdisciplinarization in Anthropocene Times
Authors: de Andrade Júnior Hermes
Published: April 2020

The problem of (in) sustainability associated with the idea that the environment is reaching its limit, presented itself as the crisis of our time and as the challenge of the Anthropocene. Seeking to deepen the discussion on military thinking about the environment, this essayistic autoethnography is designed in three parts: (a) the autoethnography; (b) presentation of some experiences called episodes, as they are the circumstances of the researcher; and (c) considerations about a transdisciplinary process in the military milieu toward an environmental epistemology. Military personnel need environmental education as epistemological support in the absence of deep ecological awareness. Even with the environmental training of using nature as a resource, military personnel may have professional skills adapted to environmental competence for crisis prevention and aggravation (transdisciplinary). However, anthropocentric military thinking is a cultural barrier. Further study of a military epistemology must be undertaken to achieve a possibly balanced and mitigated position.
Safety and Feasibility of Simultaneous Transcarotid Revascularization With Flow Reversal and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Concomitant Carotid Artery Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Williams Zachary , Olivere Lindsey A. , Gilmore Brian , Weissler Hope , Cox Mitchell W. , Long Chandler , Shortell Cynthia K. , Schroder Jacob , Southerland Kevin W.
Published: April 2020

Objective:

The management of patients with combined severe carotid artery and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. Transcarotid stenting with flow reversal (TCAR) is a novel hybrid technique for carotid revascularization. We sought to investigate the safety and feasibility of simultaneous TCAR and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for concomitant carotid and CAD.

Methods:

A single-institution, retrospective study of patients with critical carotid artery stenosis and symptomatic CAD who underwent simultaneous TCAR-CABG was completed. The primary outcomes were technical success, perioperative stroke, death, and hemorrhage.

Results:

Four patients underwent TCAR-CABG. All patients were male with a mean age of 64. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There were no perioperative strokes or deaths. There were no reexplorations for hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

Transcarotid stenting with flow reversal-CABG is a technically feasible hybrid approach for simultaneous carotid and coronary revascularization. It should be part of the vascular surgeon’s armamentarium for coexisting carotid and coronary disease. Further research focused on patient selection and perioperative antiplatelet management is warranted prior to the widespread adoption of this technique.
Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Causing Massive Hematemesis 10 Years After Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Reuben , Pande Girish , Johnson Mary Ann
Published: April 2020

We report a case of a 54-year-old male presenting to a regional hospital with severe hematemesis and hemodynamic instability. His medical history was significant for a previous episode of alcoholic necrotizing pancreatitis and pseudocyst, requiring cystoenterostomy drainage and debridement 10 years prior. He underwent multiple gastroscopies and one emergency laparotomy which failed to definitively treat the bleeding. A splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed with computed tomography angiography, adjacent to the previous cystoenterostomy site. The patient was transferred to a major tertiary center with access to interventional radiology and underwent successful embolization of the pseudoaneurysm.
Achieving Food Security Through Localisation, Not Aid: “De-development” and Food Sovereignty in the Palestinian Territories
Authors: Asi Yara M.
Published: April 2020

Food aid is a common response to the food insecurity brought by conflict and inadequate development. Yet the very well-intentioned actions that are meant to stave off immediate humanitarian crises may, in the long-term, serve as tools that promote dependence, decrease the likelihood of sustainable development, and make peace less possible. In this article, I examine food insecurity and food aid in the conflict-affected Palestinian territories. I will describe ways in which Palestinian efforts to localise food production and increase food security are actively hindered, as well as how the system of humanitarian food assistance meant to fill these gaps may in fact perpetuate them. Finally, I discuss policy recommendations for stakeholders in the conflict that can encourage Palestinian food sovereignty in a manner that increases prospects for long-term peace and development, while providing immediate benefits for Palestinian quality of life and well-being.
Cost analysis of materials used in the endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in Mexico
Authors: Figueroa-Sanchez Jose A , Ferrigno Ana S , Hinojosa-González David E , Salgado-Garza Gustavo , Martinez Hector R , Caro-Osorio Enrique , Garza-Garcia Jesus G
Published: April 2020

Background

To prevent the potentially fatal consequences of intracranial aneurysmal rupture, exclusion from the circulation can be achieved through an endovascular approach. However, the elevated cost of such procedures can be prohibitive for patients in low resource settings. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that modify the cost of the materials used for endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

Medical records of patients who underwent an endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms between June 2013 and June 2019 in a hospital located in Northeast Mexico were reviewed. Descriptive statistics of the cost of consumable materials used during the procedure was performed, and a regression model was undertaken to examine potential associations between the studied variables and total cost of the intervention.

Results

A total of 128 patients were included in this analysis. The average intervention cost was $21,687.22 USD. The variables associated with increased material cost were aneurysm size (p = 0.03), aneurysm neck size (p < 0.001), and aneurysm localization in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (p = 0.01). Other variables such as patient age and sex, other aneurysm localizations, laterality of the aneurysm, performing neurointerventionalist, and presence of intervention complications were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the variables associated with the material cost of endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Awareness of which elements are important drivers of materials’ costs provides a strategic advantage when making hospital administrative decisions and attempting to improve access to endovascular treatment in countries of low income.
High-precision prescribed-time path following for quadrotor
Authors: Ding Yibo , Wang Xiaogang , Bai Yuliang , Cui Naigang
Published: April 2020

A high-precision prescribed-time guidance law is developed for a quadrotor to accomplish precise path following at predesigned time T. Firstly, a new control structure is proposed for a quadrotor to perform fixed-velocity back-to-turn flying mode by introducing four controllers, which can realize a non-sideslip and bank-to-turn flight scheme just like a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle. Then, prescribed-time guidance law is presented based on fixed-velocity back-to-turn flying mode via combining sliding mode control with a compensation function [Formula: see text] to improve tracking precision of conventional methods. Compensation function [Formula: see text] is designed to make state error achieve convergence at prescribed time exactly. Meanwhile, global sliding mode is established to enhance robustness of the system. Then, the stability and characteristic of prescribed-time convergence are proved strictly. Finally, simulations with a 6-degree-of-freedom quadrotor model are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of prescribed-time guidance law by comparing with traditional guidance law.
Development and validation of the Principal Emotion Inventory: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Chen Junjun
Published: April 2020

The current study aimed to develop and validate a Principal Emotion Inventory (PEI). Equipped with the theoretical-empirical strategy of test construction, this development and validation procedure consists of one expert survey and five sequential empirical studies with sufficient samples of participating principals based on existing emotion theories and empirical studies. The reliability, substantive validity, structural validity and external validity were tested using exploratory factor analysis, confirmative factor analysis, invariance analysis and structural equation modelling. As a result, a multidimensional model on principal emotions with 25 items was identified with a good model fit. The PEI consists of five factors: enjoyment, pride, frustration, anxiety and hopelessness. This paper is the first attempt to develop and validate a sound instrument that enables measuring school principals’ salient emotions in relation to their working experiences. The PEI would provide a validated instrument for future research on discovering the nature of principal emotions as an independent construct. Measurement is critically important to the replicability and robustness of the research. The findings on principal emotions are also informative for principal preparation and evaluation while taking emotions into consideration.
Where Life Coaching Ends and Therapy Begins: Toward a Less Confusing Treatment Landscape
Authors: Aboujaoude Elias
Published: April 2020

“Life coaching” is a rapidly expanding profession born out of an unmet need for help effecting change, frustration with traditional models, the stigma attached to seeking care, and the online “Uberization” of many new services. But the distinctions often drawn between life coaching and psychotherapy are increasingly blurry, raise important questions about where coaching ends and therapy begins, and risk confusion between the two helping professions among vulnerable patients. This is potentially serious, in part because life coaching operates in a regulatory vacuum, with no education, training, licensing, or supervision requirements for coaches and no specific legal protections for any harmed clients. Although increased access to new forms of help is a positive development, the risk that mentally ill patients may undergo life coaching rather than receive proven psychotherapy treatments raises concerns about patient safety. It can also trigger fears of professional replacement among mental health providers whose education, preparation, and practice parameters are rigorously defined and closely scrutinized. More research is needed to prove the efficacy and safety of life-coaching modalities, and meaningful action is required at the level of training, oversight, and legislation to help protect patients and clarify roles.
Enhancing executive function through imaginary play: A promising new practice principle
Authors: Walker Sue , Fleer Marilyn , Veresov Nikolai , Duhn Iris
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the findings of a study conducted with preschool teachers trialling an intervention in which executive function activities are embedded in teachers’ daily practices and imaginary play is used to build meaningful problem situations that children solve using executive functions. The participants were 227 preschool children (53% male, M age = 55.5 months, SD = 4.2) in 10 preschool groups from Brisbane, Australia. The intervention consisted of educators and children creating and developing an imaginary situation (playworld) over an extended period (e.g. one school term). Executive function was assessed pre- and post-intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant differences between Time 1 and Time 2 on all executive function measures. The study found that teachers can develop children’s executive functions when executive function activities are embedded in teachers’ daily practices, and when imaginary play is used to build meaningful problem situations that children solve using executive functions.
An investigation into the early literacy skills of English second language learners in South Africa
Authors: Manten Aileen , le Roux Mia , Geertsema Salomé , Graham Marien
Published: April 2020

This study employs the Comprehensive Emergent Literacy Model (CELM) theoretical framework, as it refers to the impact of context on learning early literacy skills. It is relevant to this study as the participants were English second language learners from cultures, communities, and demographics different from those of English first language speakers in South Africa. Early literacy skills, specifically phonological awareness (PA), are predictive of later literacy success. Many English second language (EL2) learners are unable to develop language and early literacy skills. Foundational skills such as general PA skills, often need explicit instruction to prepare the learners to learn to read in English. Twenty-one EL2 Grade 1 learners in an English medium private school in South Africa were selected as participants. Early literacy skills were assessed at the beginning of Grade 1. Reading, spelling, and reading comprehension skills were assessed after two terms in Grade 1 to determine if there is a correlation between early and later literacy skills. Results indicated significantly strong positive correlations between early literacy and later literacy skills. These results and previous research suggest that EL2 learners must be exposed to high-quality early literacy skills as early as possible to provide them with a foundation for future literacy success.
Relation of vascular dilator function and cardiac autonomic function with coronary angiography findings in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Ruscio Eleonora , Ingrasciotta Gessica , Felici Tamara , Filice Monica , De Vita Antonio , Tremamunno Saverio , Villano Angelo , Crea Filippo
Published: April 2020

Background

A sizeable number of patients with a diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome show non-obstructive coronary artery disease. In this study we assessed whether differences in vascular and cardiac autonomic function exist between non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients with obstructive or non-obstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and results

Systemic endothelium-dependent and independent vascular dilator function (assessed by flow-mediated dilation and nitrate-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, respectively) and cardiac autonomic function (assessed by time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters) were assessed on admission in 120 patients with a diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Patients were divided into two groups according to coronary angiography findings: (a) 59 (49.2%) with obstructive coronary artery disease (≥50% stenosis in any epicardial arteries); (b) 61 (50.8%) with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. No significant differences between the two groups were found in both flow-mediated dilation (5.03 ± 2.6 vs. 5.40 ± 2.5%, respectively; P = 0.37) and nitrate-mediated dilatation (6.79 ± 2.8 vs. 7.30 ± 3.4%, respectively; P = 0.37). No significant differences were also observed between the two groups both in time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability variables, although the triangular index tended to be lower in obstructive coronary artery disease patients (30.2 ± 9.5 vs. 33.9 ± 11.6, respectively; P = 0.058). Neither vascular nor heart rate variability variables predicted the recurrence of angina, requiring emergency room admission or re-hospitalisation, during 11.3 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

Among patients admitted with a diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome we found no significant differences in systemic vascular dilator function and cardiac autonomic function between those with obstructive coronary artery disease and those with non-obstructive coronary artery disease.
Everyday curation? Attending to data, records and record keeping in the practices of self-monitoring
Authors: Weiner Kate , Will Catherine , Henwood Flis , Williams Rosalind
Published: April 2020

This paper is concerned with everyday data practices, considering how people record data produced through self-monitoring. The analysis unpacks the relationships between taking a measure, and making and reviewing records. The paper is based on an interview study with people who monitor their blood pressure and/or body mass index/weight. Animated by discussions of ‘data power’ which are, in part, predicated on the flow and aggregation of data, we aim to extend important work concerning the everyday constitution of digital data. In the paper, we adopt and develop the idea of curation as a theory of attention. We introduce the idea of discerning work to characterise the skilful judgements people make about which readings they record, how readings are presented, and about the records they retain and those they discard. We suggest self-monitoring produces partial data, both in the sense that it embodies these judgements, and also because monitoring might be conducted intermittently. We also extend previous analyses by exploring the broad set of materials, digital and analogue, networked and not networked, involved in record keeping to consider the different ways these contributed to regulating attention to self-monitoring. By paying attention to which data is recorded and the occasions when data is not recorded, as well as the ways data is recorded, the research provides specificity to the different ways in which self-monitoring data may or may not flow or contribute to big data sets. We argue that ultimately our analysis contributes to nuancing our understanding of ‘data power’.
Neural Connectivity Subtypes Predict Discrete Attentional-Bias Profiles Among Heterogeneous Anxiety Patients
Authors: Price Rebecca B. , Beltz Adriene M. , Woody Mary L. , Cummings Logan , Gilchrist Danielle , Siegle Greg J.
Published: April 2020

On average, anxious patients show altered attention to threat—including early vigilance toward threat and later avoidance of threat—accompanied by altered functional connectivity across brain regions. However, substantial heterogeneity within clinical, neural, and attentional features of anxiety is overlooked in typical group-level comparisons. We used a well-validated method for data-driven parsing of neural connectivity to reveal connectivity-based subgroups among 60 adults with transdiagnostic anxiety. Subgroups were externally compared on attentional patterns derived from independent behavioral measures. Two subgroups emerged. Subgroup A (68% of patients) showed stronger executive network influences on sensory processing regions and a paradigmatic “vigilance–avoidance” pattern on external behavioral measures. Subgroup B was defined by a larger number of limbic influences on sensory regions and exhibited a more atypical and inconsistent attentional profile. Neural connectivity-based categorization revealed an atypical, limbic-driven pattern of connectivity in a subset of anxious patients that generalized to atypical patterns of selective attention.