bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENDOSPERM DEFECTIVE1 Is a Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein Essential for Seed Development inArabidopsis
Authors: Pignocchi Cristina , Minns Gregory E. , Nesi Nathalie , Koumproglou Rachil , Kitsios Georgios , Benning Christoph , Lloyd Clive W. , Doonan John H. , Hills Matthew J
Published: January 2009

Early endosperm development involves a series of rapid nuclear divisions in the absence of cytokinesis; thus, many endosperm mutants reveal genes whose functions are essential for mitosis. This work finds that the endosperm of Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm-defective1 (ede1) mutants never cellularizes, contains a reduced number of enlarged polyploid nuclei, and features an aberrant microtubule cytoskeleton, where the specialized radial microtubule systems and cytokinetic phragmoplasts are absent. Early embryo development is substantially normal, although occasional cytokinesis defects are observed. The EDE1 gene was cloned using a map-based approach and represents the pioneer member of a conserved plant-specific family of genes of previously unknown function. EDE1 is expressed in the endosperm and embryo of developing seeds, and its expression is tightly regulated during cell cycle progression. EDE1 protein accumulates in nuclear caps in premitotic cells, colocalizes along microtubules of the spindle and phragmoplast, and binds microtubules in vitro. We conclude that EDE1 is a novel plant-specific microtubule-associated protein essential for microtubule function during the mitotic and cytokinetic stages that generate the Arabidopsis endosperm and embryo.
A Critical Role for the TIFY Motif in Repression of Jasmonate Signaling by a Stabilized Splice Variant of the JASMONATE ZIM-Domain Protein JAZ10 inArabidopsis
Authors: Chung Hoo Sun , Howe Gregg A.
Published: January 2009

JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins act as repressors of jasmonate (JA) signaling. Perception of bioactive JAs by the F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) causes degradation of JAZs via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which in turn activates the expression of genes involved in plant growth, development, and defense. JAZ proteins contain two highly conserved sequence regions: the Jas domain that interacts with COI1 to destabilize the repressor and the ZIM domain of unknown function. Here, we show that the conserved TIFY motif (TIFF/YXG) within the ZIM domain mediates homo- and heteromeric interactions between most Arabidopsis thaliana JAZs. We have also identified an alternatively spliced form (JAZ10.4) of JAZ10 that lacks the Jas domain and, as a consequence, is highly resistant to JA-induced degradation. Strong JA-insensitive phenotypes conferred by overexpression of JAZ10.4 were suppressed by mutations in the TIFY motif that block JAZ10.4–JAZ interactions. We conclude that JAZ10.4 functions to attenuate signal output in the presence of JA and further suggest that the dominant-negative action of this splice variant involves protein–protein interaction through the ZIM/TIFY domain. The ability of JAZ10.4 to interact with MYC2 is consistent with a model in which a JAZ10.4-containing protein complex directly represses the activity of transcription factors that promote expression of JA response genes.
Electronic journals and changes in scholarly article seeking and reading patterns
Authors: Tenopir Carol , King Donald W. , Edwards Sheri , Wu Lei
Published: January 2009

Purpose

By tracking the information‐seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered using questionnaire surveys of university faculty and other researchers periodically since 1977. Many questions used the critical incident of the last article reading to allow analysis of the characteristics of readings in addition to characteristics of readers.

Findings

The paper finds that the average number of readings per year per science faculty member continues to increase, while the average time spent per reading is decreasing. Electronic articles now account for the majority of readings, though most readings are still printed on paper for final reading. Scientists report reading a higher proportion of older articles from a wider range of journal titles and more articles from library e‐collections. Articles are read for many purposes and readings are valuable to those purposes.

Originality/value

The paper draws on data collected in a consistent way over 30 years. It provides a unique look at how electronic journals and other developments have influenced changes in reading behavior over three decades. The use of critical incidence provides evidence of the value of reading in addition to reading patterns.
Scholarly e‐books: the views of 16,000 academics
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Nicholas David , Rowlands Ian
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This study, a part of JISC‐funded UK National E‐Books Observatory, aims to find out about the perspective of students and academics, the main e‐book users, on e‐books.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an analysis of two open‐ended questions about e‐books, contained in a UK national survey conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008. The survey obtained a response from more than 20,000 academic staff and students; 16,000 free‐text responses were obtained to these two questions.

Findings

The study discloses that convenience associated with online access along with searchability was the biggest advantage of e‐books. The study shows a potential market for e‐textbooks; however, e‐books have yet to become more student‐friendly by improving features such as printing and screenreading.

Originality/value

This is the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted and it improves one's knowledge of what the academic community thinks of e‐books.
Level of maturity of the competitive intelligence function
Authors: Heppes David , du Toit Adeline
Published: January 2009

Purpose

While competitive intelligence (CI) is a relatively new business discipline, it is evolving in complexity and importance, to maintain pace with rapid business development. It is the aim of this paper to establish the level of maturity of the CI function within a South African retail bank based on key characteristics for different levels of maturity.

Design/methodology/approach

The research for the paper is based on an extensive review of literature and application of the grounded theory research approach. Grounded theory is more interested in theory building than theory testing, which makes it eminently suitable for areas of research to which little attention had been paid and in which little exploration had taken place. For the empirical evidence, a survey was conducted among a pre‐selected group of respondents of a South African retail bank by means of a questionnaire and personal interviews.

Findings

The results of the survey indicated that the CI function was at a mid‐level of maturity, after the underlying elements of the CI functions had been surveyed. While there is significant opportunity for the function to develop to a world‐class level, such growth is limited by respondents' requirements. The CI function is used in support of various levels of decision makers for various levels of decision making. There appears to be a lack of, and great requirement for, the provision of analytical products. Respondents indicated that the CI function should move towards being a key component of company strategy.

Research limitations/implications

The research was built around the various elements of the CI function, namely the key information needs of CI users, CI deliverables and capabilities, analytical products, relationship with management, sources of information, level of staffing of the CI function as well as the period of time the CI function has been operational. Some of the key findings were that the CI function should assist senior management in developing and reviewing a set of Key Intelligence Needs (KINs); that the CI function should be appropriately resourced; that the CI function should develop and deliver information on trends and implications in respect of the KINs through application of resources and analytical skills; that the CI function should develop and deliver early warning signals.

Originality/value

No research has been done on the level of maturity of the CI function in South African companies. The paper provides recommendations on ways for the CI function at the retail bank to evolve from a mid‐level of maturity to a world‐class level.
The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research
Authors: Williams Peter , Stevenson Iain , Nicholas David , Watkinson Anthony , Rowlands Ian
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on a project undertaken at University College London (UCL) examining the role and value of the academic monograph – considering continuing decline in sales and usage – and its possible survival in the digital age.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted, in which 17 arts and humanities academics were interviewed in‐depth on their experiences and views.

Findings

The monograph continues to be of great value in the arts and humanities field, and is seen as essential for career progression. Much concern was expressed about the decline in quality of this and other forms of writing, with pressures of the university Research Assessment Exercise foremost in contributing to this decline. Reservations were expressed about moving towards digital versions of the monograph, although print‐on‐demand was considered to be a viable option to enable the continuing publication of specialist works.

Originality/value

This is the first in‐depth study of the role, value and future of the monograph from the viewpoint of the scholar, and so gives a unique insight into the scholarly communication behaviour of arts and humanities researchers.
Visualization of scientific co‐authorship in Spanish universities
Authors: Olmeda‐Gómez Carlos , Perianes‐Rodriguez Antonio , Antonia Ovalle‐Perandones Ma , Guerrero‐Bote Vicente P. , de Moya Anegón Felix
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to visualize the inter‐university and international collaboration networks generated by Spanish universities based on the co‐authorship of scientific articles.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach takes the form of formulation based on a bibliometric analysis of Spanish university production from 2000 to 2004 as contained in Web of Science databases, applying social network visualization techniques. The co‐authorship data used were extracted with the total counting method from a database containing 100,710 papers.

Findings

Spanish inter‐university collaboration patterns appear to be influenced by both geographic proximity and administrative and political affiliation. Inter‐regional co‐authorship encompasses regional sub‐networks whose spatial scope conforms rather closely with Spanish geopolitical divisions. Papers involving international collaboration are written primarily with European Union and North and Latin American researchers. Greater visibility is attained with international co‐authorship than with any other type of collaboration studied.

Research limitations/implications

Impact was measured in terms of journals rather than each individual paper. The co‐authorship data were taken from the Web of Knowledge and were not compared with data from other databases.

Practical implications

The data obtained in the paper may provide guidance for public policy makers seeking to enhance and intensify the internationalization of scientific production in Spanish universities.

Originality/value

The Spanish university system is in the midst of profound structural change. This is the first paper to describe Spanish university collaboration networks using social network visualization techniques, covering an area not previously addressed.
A longitudinal analysis of alternative document models
Authors: Payne Nigel , Thelwall Mike
Published: January 2009

Purpose

Alternative document models (ADMs) were created with the purpose of reducing the extent to which anomalies occur in counts of web links at the page level, and have been used extensively within webometrics as an alternative to using the web page as the basic unit of analysis. This paper seels tp carry out a longitudinal study of ADMs in an attempt to ascertain which model gives the most consistent results when applied to the UK, Australia and New Zealand academic web spaces over the last six years.

Design/methodology/approach

Information science software (SocSciBot Tools, socscibot.wlv.ac.uk) was used to process hyperlink structure text files for UK, Australian and New Zealand universities and produced standard Page, Directory, Domain and Site ADMs using both inlinks and outlinks. Spearman bivariate correlation analysis was then undertaken to determine the level of correlation between these eight ADMs and a measure of site size for each university.

Findings

The findings show that the Domain ADM gives the most consistent results. However, the Directory ADM also gives more reliable results than are evident when using the standard Page model. Aggregating at the site (or university) level appears to provide less reliable results than using the page as the standard unit of measure, and this finding holds true over all three academic webs and for each time period examined over the last six years.

Research limitations/implications

The use of Spearman's correlation coefficient is considered to be unreliable when used with very small sample sizes and, with only eight universities, the New Zealand academic web space may not be sufficiently large to give truly accurate statistical results.

Originality/value

While previous specific studies have shown that more accurate results can be obtained through the use of the Domain or Directory ADM, the paper has shown that these results are consistent over time and across different countries' academic web spaces.
Trajectory optimization for hypersonic boost‐glide missile considering aeroheating
Authors: Li Yu , Cui Naigang , Rong Siyuan
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the downrange for hypersonic boost‐glide (HBG) missile under near‐real condition, and to validate the suitability of proposed wall cooling materials.

Design/methodology/approach

The trajectory optimization problem is characterized by a boost phase followed by a glide phase. A multi‐phase trajectory optimization tool is adopted to optimize the downrange. The associated optimal control problem has been solved by selecting a direct shooting method. The dynamics has been transcribed to a set of nonlinear constraints and the arising nonlinear programming problem has been solved through a sequential quadratic programming solver. An aerothermodynamics analysis method is introduced to calculate the aerodynamic heating at nose, leading edge, and ventral centerline regions.

Findings

HBG missile is suitable for long‐range attack, and the optimal trajectory solved is a novel boost‐glide‐skip trajectory, i.e. boost firstly, glide secondly, and skip at last. The proposed wall materials are valid.

Originality/value

This paper provides further study on the methods of trajectory design and aerothermodynamics analysis for HBG missile.
Run‐time error detection of space‐robot based on adaptive redundancy
Authors: Gao Xing , Liao Ming‐Hong , Wu Xiang‐Hu , Li Chao‐Yong
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel algorithm to handle space environment induced errors in the space‐robot software.

Design/methodology/approach

The radiations in outer space may induce transient errors in micro‐processors, this phenomena will make software behavior unpredictable, and the existing software fault tolerance methods have been restricted in non‐multi‐threaded operation systems, non‐component‐based frameworks, non‐cacheable micro‐processors, non‐distributed environments, etc. A software model for space‐robot software, based on adaptive redundancy, is developed and a corresponding run‐time error detection algorithm is presented in this paper. Software was monitored and run‐time transient error would be detected and processed.

Findings

Experiments indicate that this method introduces about 30‐35 percent time overhead and about 200‐230 percent memory overhead. It also increases the fault detection rate to 84‐92.5 percent. Moreover, the model and algorithm is effective in a realistic space robot environment.

Originality/value

A redundancy model is developed and an error detection algorithm is introduced in this paper. Experiments demonstrate it can provide space‐robot software with good protection against the radiation induced transient errors.
Bayesian model‐based fault diagnosis for the rotor
Authors: Jiye Shao , Minqiang Xu , Rixin Wang
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the fault of the rotor system of aeroengine that has too much uncertainty and design a structural diagnosis framework for the rotor.

Design/methodology/approach

Bayesian network (BN) is especially suited for capturing and reasoning with uncertainty. This paper adopts the techniques of BN to implement the probability computation of fault occurrence using system information. The rotor system is analyzed in detail and the familiar faults and their corresponding fault symptoms are extracted, then the rotor's BN model based on above information is established. Meanwhile, a framework of the fault diagnosis system based on the network model is developed. Using this model, the conditional probabilities of the faults happened are computed when the observation of the rotor is presented.

Findings

The diagnosis methods developed are used to diagnose the actual four kinds of faults of the rotor. The BN model can identify the faults occurred by those probabilities computed.

Originality/value

The diagnosis system using BN described in this paper is satisfying and can handle the faults of the rotor.
Examination of indirect responses of helicopters using a refined inflow model
Authors: Shahmiri Farid , Saghafi Fariborz
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the cross‐coupled responses of a coupled rotor‐fuselage flight dynamic simulation model, including a finite‐state inflow aerodynamics and a coupled flap‐lag and torsion flexible blade structure.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is laid out based on model development for an articulated main rotor, using the theories of aeroelastisity, finite element and finite‐state inflow formulation. The finite‐state inflow formulation is based on a 3D unsteady Euler‐based concepts presented in the time domain. The most advantages of the model are the capability of modeling dynamic wake effects, tip losses and skewed wake aerodynamics. This is, in fact, a special type of the inflow model relating inflow states, to circulatory blade loadings through a set of first‐order differential equations. A non‐iterative solution of the differential equations has practically altered the model into a simple and direct formulation appending properly to the rest of the helicopter mathematical model. A non‐linear distribution of the induced velocity over the rotor disc is finally obtained by the use of both Legendre polynomials and higher‐harmonic functions. Ultimately, validations of the theoretical results show that the on‐axis response, direct reaction to the pilot input, has a good accuracy both quantitatively and qualitatively against flight test data, and the off‐axis response, cross‐coupled or indirect reaction to the pilot input are improved by this approach of modeling.

Findings

Improvements in dynamic prediction of both trim control settings and dynamic cross‐coupled responses of helicopter to pilot inputs are observed.

Research limitations/implications

Further work is required for investigation of the augmented finite state inflow model, including the wake rotation correction factors to describe helicopter maneuvering flight characteristics.

Practical implications

The results of this work support the future researches on design and development of advanced flight control system, incorporating a high bandwidth with low‐phase delay to control inputs and also high levels of dynamic stability within minimal controls cross coupling.

Originality/value

This paper provides detailed characteristics on the mathematical integration problems associated with the advanced helicopter flight dynamics research.
UAVs and simulation: an experience on MAVs
Authors: Capello Elisa , Guglieri Giorgio , Quagliotti Fulvia B.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the research activity of Politecnico di Torino concerning the MicroHawk platform (micro‐aerial vehicles – MAVs) and to present the design and the development of a basic flight simulator for educational/training purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

A simulator is an easy‐to‐use system for the analysis of maneuver response, the dynamic study and the evaluation of the aircraft flying and handling qualities for different aircraft categories. The software implementation, including the definition of mathematical model, the visual scenario and the real‐time data analysis graphic interface, are delineated in this paper. In addition to this experimental phase, an important effort is done to incorporate simulation into the autopilot tuning process.

Findings

An intense flight activity is carried out to test the flight control system performances of the MicroHawk platform and to establish general procedures to ensure the correct operation of all subsystems. The automatic flight of MAVs has been studied with success for territorial surveillance and map project.

Research limitations/implications

In order to simplify the use of these platforms by the end‐user, a software interface will be designed to calculate automatically the flight plan, ensuring the desired trajectory design and collision avoidance.

Originality/value

The autopilot simulation integrated with vehicle's dynamics can be used to reduce the platform set‐up time and the risk of losing the prototype. The simulator training permits to study flight complex plane, in order to obtain better platform performances in real conditions. Starting from a simple scenario, it is possible to set up and upgrade the mission at any time during the simulation.
Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil with a cross flow fan as a lift generating member in a new aircraft model
Authors: Askari S. , Shojaeefard M.H.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how flow over the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan has been solved by developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This research was going to find aerodynamic coefficients and static pressure distribution over the airfoil surfaces. The eccentric vortex motion observed earlier by other researchers in cross flow fan has been studied by numerical method. Also, the airfoil trailing vortex size variation by free stream and fan rotational speed has been surveyed.

Design/methodology/approach

Flow over the airfoil has been investigated by CFD. At the airfoil solid walls no slip condition (zero velocity) was applied. Re‐normalization group k‐ε model was used for turbulence modeling. The pressure‐velocity coupling was calculated by the SIMPLEC algorithm. Second‐order upwind discretization was considered for the convection terms. Finite volume method with rectangular computational cells was used for whole the solution domain.

Findings

CFD predicted lift force was in good agreement with experimental data with the error of 8.26 percent, while the error of thrust prediction was 14.17 percent. Both errors are generally acceptable for an engineering application. Some key flow features observed previously by experiments has also been reproduced by simulation, notably motion of the eccentric and trailing vortices. At low‐fan rotational speed, the eccentric vortex formed below the shaft of the fan but at high‐rotational speed, eccentric vortex came up and moved toward the airfoil leading edge. It was shown that increasing free stream velocity or decreasing fan rotational speed leads to a larger trailing vortex and vice versa. It was showed that the airfoil lift and thrust are highly depended on the fan rotational speed. These forces will increase by enhancing the fan rotational speed.

Research limitations/implications

Because of complicated geometry of the airfoil, 2D analysis of the flow over the airfoil has been carried out. This simplification leads to higher discrepancies between experimental data and numerical solution.

Practical implications

This paper provides a detailed study of the Fanwing airfoil. This airfoil is very new and researches in this area are very limited. So, this paper can be helpful for other researches involved in this topic as well as aerospace industries.

Originality/value

This paper is valuable for researchers in the new and up‐to‐date concept of the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan (Fanwing airfoil). This work is original.
A mechanistic study of corrosion inhibiting admixtures
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tuan , Shi Xianming
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This research aims to unravel the role of salt contamination and corrosion inhibiting admixtures in the processes of cement hydration and rebar corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach

Mortar samples were prepared with NaCl and one of three corrosion inhibitors, sodium nitrite, disodium β‐glycerophosphate, or N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine, admixed. After 28 days curing, all steel‐mortar samples were ponded with 3 percent NaCl solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted periodically during the first 48 days. After 60 days of ponding by 3 percent NaCl solution, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the fracture surface of the steel‐mortar sample.

Findings

The FESEM results revealed that admixing chlorides and inhibitors in fresh mortar changed the morphology and cement hydration product of hardener mortar at the steel‐mortar interface. The EIS data indicated that all inhibitors increased the polarization resistance of steel, implying reduced corrosion rate of the steel over 48‐day exposures to salt ponding. 0.05 M N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, followed by 0.5 M sodium nitrite; whereas 0.05 M disodium β‐glycerophosphate was a slower and less capable corrosion inhibitor. The admixing of inhibitors in fresh mortar consistently increased the capacitance and decreased the electrical resistance of hardened mortar. The effect of sodium nitrite inhibitor on the resistance of steel mortar interfacial film compensated that of corrosive NaCl by participating to the formation of a protective ferric oxide film.

Originality/value

The results reported shed light on the complex role of admixed salt and corrosion inhibitors in cement hydration and their implications on the durability of steel‐reinforced concrete.
Effect of organophosphorus pesticide on the corrosion of carbon steel in polluted freshwaters
Authors: Jiang Li , Mao Xuhui , Yu Jianfei , Lin An , Gan Fuxing
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to study the corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in polluted freshwaters with organophosphorus pesticide (OP).

Design/methodology/approach

The weight‐loss method, electrochemical measurements and surface analysis technique were used to study the corrosion of carbon steel in polluted freshwaters with OP.

Findings

General corrosion occurred when carbon steels were exposed to test solutions (freshwaters with and without OP). The presence of OP in test solutions can accelerate the corrosion rate of carbon steel.

Originality/value

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a single OP (diethyl phosphite) on the corrosion of carbon steel. Until now, there was little research to report on this aspect. It was found that the presence of diethyl phosphite at low concentrations could accelerate the corrosion rate of carbon steel in freshwaters. This research not only can offer theoretical guidelines for the prevention of pipelines and facilities from corroding, but also can provide reference for suitable material selection.
The effect of test conditions on the sensitivity and resolution of SRET signal response
Authors: Dzib‐Pérez L. , González‐Sánchez J. , Malo J.M. , Rodríguez F.J.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to study and analyse the advantages and limitations of the scanning reference electrode technique (SRET) to detect and assess localised electrochemical activity based on an evaluation of the influence of the principal test parameters on the sensitivity and resolution of the technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Measurements of Ohmic potential gradients induced by ionic flux close to a point current source (PCS) were carried out using a scanning reference electrode technique (SRET) instrument, which comprised a vertical rotating working electrode and a scanning probe formed by a pair of platinum electrodes of approximately 200 μm of diameter. Ionic flux was induced by anodic polarisation applied to a gold micro‐disc electrode, which acted as the PCS. Measurements were conducted in electrolytes of ten different conductivities, using different scanning probe tips to sample surface distance and different working electrode rotation rates. The range of conductivities used included most of the possible electrolytes to which metallic materials can be in contact under real service conditions.

Findings

The SRET signal sensed from a polarised PCS showed a strong dependence on the rotation rate of the working electrode for electrolytes of low conductivity but a minimal effect on electrolytes with conductivities higher than 50 mS/cm.

Originality/value

This work presents the effect of wide variations on the electrochemical and operational conditions on the sensitivity and resolution of SRET signal response and discusses the limitations of the technique to assess localised electrochemical activity due to the effect of high conductivity electrolytes, large separation distance between the SRET scanning probe and developing dissolution and scanning rate of a the localised site.
Corrosion and scaling at Cerro Prieto geothermal field
Authors: Valdez Benjamin , Schorr Michael , Quintero Margarito , Carrillo Monica , Zlatev Roumen , Stoytcheva Margarita , de Dios Ocampo Juan
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The aim of this work is to study the corrosion and scaling factors, mechanisms and processes affecting the materials, equipment and installations of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field (GTF).

Design/methodology/approach

The physicochemical characteristics of the geothermal well and fluids were analysed, recorded and related to the corrosion and scaling phenomena.

Findings

The high temperature and salinity of the steam‐brine mixture and the presence of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide impart a severe level of corrosivity.

Originality/value

Corrosion and scaling control assure an efficient production regime, provide for the durability of the GTF engineering materials and equipment and contribute to environmental quality.
Morphological characterization of AA5083‐H321 aluminum alloy corrosion in NaCl solution under hydrodynamic conditions
Authors: Jafarzadeh K. , Shahrabi T. , Hadavi S.M.M. , Hosseini M.G.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The paper aims to focus on the recognition of corrosion product morphologies of AA5083‐H321 corroding aluminum‐magnesium alloys used in the manufacture of aluminum high speed boats and submarines during flow induced corrosion in seawater.

Design/methodology/approach

All experiments were conducted in a 3.5 percent NaCl solution as the simulated marine environment. Hydrodynamic conditions were created by an rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) system. Morphological characterization of the surface was undertaken using SEM and EDAX techniques. Cyclic polarization tests were used to determine the electrochemical behavior of the alloy.

Findings

The results obtained reveal that the pit density on the sample surface increased with increasing the rotation speed. The enhanced flow condition also enhanced the tendency for intermetallic particles, including submicron size Al(Mg,Mn) inclusions, to promote pitting corrosion of the alloy. An interesting result was that crystallographic pitting occurred at rotation speeds greater than 5 m/s.

Practical implications

In the selection of corrosion control methods for high speed aluminum‐hulled boats, control of erosion corrosion was determined to be more important than any other form of corrosion.

Originality/value

Provides information about the contribution of mechanical and electrochemical corrosion phenomena in corrosion of high speed aluminum boats under hydrodynamic conditions. Characterization of new intermetallic particles in aluminum‐magnesium alloys that can promote pitting during flow induced corrosion in marine environments. Provides new information about the origin of crystallographic pitting attack on aluminum.
Investigation of the effect of different amino‐acid derivatives on the inhibition of NST‐44 carbon steel corrosion in cassava fluid
Authors: Alagbe M. , Umoru L.E. , Afonja A.A. , Olorunniwo O.E.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This paper aims to present the report of an investigation on the effect of some amino acid based inhibitors on the corrosion characteristics of NST‐44 carbon steel in cassava fluid.

Design/methodology/approach

The corrosion rates of the exposed steel were obtained using the weight loss immersion method. The amino‐acid inhibitors investigated included leucine, alanine, methionine and glutamic acid. The corroded surfaces of the specimens were characterized using the optical microscopic techniques.

Findings

It was observed that alanine showed the highest inhibitive potential on the NST‐44 carbon steel in the cassava fluid with an average efficiency of about 50 per cent while glutamic acid had the lowest with less than 30 per cent. Leucine and methionine, however, showed considerable benefit, with inhibition efficiencies of about 46 and 45 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value

The results of this work are expected to improve the corrosion resistance of steel that is often used as construction material for the cassava processing industry in Nigeria.
Integrated information and logistics management, quality management and firm performance of pork processing industry in China
Authors: Han Jiqin , Trienekens Jacques H. , Omta S.W.F. (Onno)
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This paper seeks to discuss the interactions amongst integrated information technology (IT), integrated logistics management, quality management practices and firm performance of pork processors in China.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework was developed by examining the relationship between pork processors and their customers. A stratified random sample of 229 pork processors in eastern China provided data for empirical testing with partial least squares analysis.

Findings

Results revealed that integrated IT and integrated logistics management improved the quality management practices of the pork processors. The application of IT also facilitated integrated logistics management. While quality management practices had significant impact on firm performance, the findings indicated neither integrated IT nor integrated logistics management was significantly related to firm performance. However, integrated IT had an indirect impact on firm performance through quality management practices.

Practical implications

This study sheds light on the critical role of integrated information and logistics management in pork quality management. For business managers, a high level of firm performance greatly depends on quality management practices. The issue of improving IT and logistics management remains a challenging task for managers in the pork processing sector in mainland China.

Originality/value

Quantitative empirical study of the effects of integrated IT and logistics management on firm performance of the agrifood supply chain in China fills an important gap in research.
Which way forward for China's vegetable exports?
Authors: Xue Liu , Revell Brian J.
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine patterns of recent changes in China's international export trade in vegetable products between 2001 and 2005 following China's membership of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and to measure consequent changes in its export competitiveness. It also aims to consider infrastructural issues in relation to supply chain and food safety issues which may affect China's future potential export growth in vegetables.

Design/methodology/approach

The comparative advantage of China's vegetable sector is measured through an export specialisation index. A trade‐shares accounting framework is used to identify the sources of change in China's aggregate market shares. An import demand function for China's vegetable exports is estimated.

Findings

The paper finds that China has a comparative advantage in vegetable production and exporting. Although there have been negative structural changes in vegetable imports in many of China's major overseas markets, particularly East Asia, China's export share of those markets and its overall world market share has increased since WTO membership. China's export growth rate has exceeded the global average for most vegetable categories. Penetration of SE Asian markets has been price driven, but there is little evidence that China's WTO membership has enabled greater penetration into EU markets for its vegetable exports.

Originality/value

There have been many studies of the potential impact of China's WTO membership on world trade in agri‐food products, but none examining its actual impact in the labour intensive vegetable sector. Although the methodologies applied are well established, their empirical application in the context of China's vegetable export sector in this article are original, and present a context against which to view China's future vegetable export prospects.
Chinese gatekeeper perceptions of genetically modified food
Authors: Knight John G. , Gao Hongzhi
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate perceptions of food distribution gatekeepers in China regarding likely acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods by Chinese consumers. It also aims to consider policy implications for food exporting countries.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory approach using in‐depth interviews was adopted. Key informants of a sample of 20 companies in five main commercial centres in the People's Republic of China and in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were interviewed. In addition, two interviews were conducted with a key government official and a professor at a leading agricultural university in order to provide details of Chinese Government policy.

Findings

According to gatekeepers, Chinese consumers currently have ambiguous views of GM food products. It is concluded that Chinese consumers are likely to accept GM foods provided there are consumer benefits, a price advantage, and credible governmental information concerning safety of GM foods.

Research limitations/implications

Chinese Government policy is to take advantage of a window of opportunity provided by markets such as Japan and Europe, which presently prefer to import non‐GM food; at the same time China is developing full potential to grow GM crops just as soon as external market conditions change. Current barriers to export of GM food products to China are likely to be short‐term.

Originality/value

This paper provides an insight into how gatekeepers in the food distribution channel in China view GM foods, and how they believe Chinese consumers will react to the introduction of such foods.
Service quality in Hong Kong: wet markets vs supermarkets
Authors: Bougoure Ursula , Lee Bernard
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine consumer perceptions of service quality in wet markets and supermarkets in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was developed and distributed via a convenience sample to consumers in shopping malls in Causeway Bay, Mong Kok and Tsuen Wan.

Findings

The study finds that supermarkets outperformed wet markets across all aspects of service quality as measured by SERVQUAL‐P.

Research limitations/implications

Implications suggest that wet market vendors are not providing the level of service quality demanded by their customers. In particular, findings suggest that wet market vendors need to improve the visual attractiveness of their stalls, work on making them look more professional and start using more modern equipment.

Practical implications

Wet market vendors in conjunction with government representatives need to develop standards of service quality for wet markets across Hong Kong. This is imperative if the wet market model is to survive in what is a highly competitive food retailing industry. Without action, it appears that the supermarketization of the Hong Kong food retailing industry will continue unabated.

Originality/value

This paper adds to a small but growing research stream examining service quality in the food retailing industry in Hong Kong. It provides empirical results that guide suggested actions for change.
Succession planning – or smart talent management?
Authors: Hills Angela
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This paper aims to identify what succession planning actually is and the pro's and con's of buying in, or building talent in the organization. The paper is informed by BlessingWhite's 2008 global survey into employee engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of buying in and building talent to ensure the right people are in the right places at the right time within an organization. It describes five strategies for ensuring succession planning works.

Findings

The five key strategies are: aligning succession planning with business strategy, assessing leadership potential using the 3Cs, involve the talent in the planning, mixing development: experience/coaching/training, and casting a wider net for succession.

Research limitations/implications

The research quoted is the global BlessingWhite survey – The State of Engagement 2008.

Practical implications

The paper details changes to succession planning strategy.

Originality/value

This paper gives new research data and an approach to succession planning. It is of value to senior HR professionals and executive teams in companies concerned about effective succession planning and talent management.
Performance evaluation in a matrix organization: a case study (part 3)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Nadeau David , Cyr Michael
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to examine and ultimately suggest the most effective method with which to evaluate employees operating within a matrix organization. The authors will demonstrate the tools, corporate participation and acceptance levels required in order to ensure employee and manager “buy in” and implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

This article consists of a comprehensive review of literature demonstrating functional areas within a matrix organization as well as employee evaluation methods within various organizations. It is presented in three sections: defining a matrix organization; demonstrating effective evaluation methods and strategies; and finally how the two should work together. Critical incidents are interspersed throughout the article in order to demonstrate how the research compares to the methods employed by a leading aviation engineering firm.

Findings

Ineffective evaluation methods within matrix organizations can lead to lower employee morale as well as an ambiguous understanding of employee roles within such an organization. Employee and management buy in and support of an evaluation system and its goals are crucial to the success of the program. The multi‐rater system appeared to be most effective.

Practical implications

Several tools exist to help employers effectively evaluate their employees in a constructive and effective manner. Among them are clear job description and corporate structure, followed by a review of performance by both functional and project managers. Additionally, peer evaluations can prove to be constructive and contribute positively to the development of the employee. This article can be a practical aid for managers in a matrix organization that need to successfully and constructively evaluate employees, but are having difficulty doing so in an effective method.

Originality/value

Given the limited research with respect to evaluations within a matrix structure, this paper demonstrates an understanding of a subject that has not been adequately explored. The article demonstrated in “real time” the critical synthesis for PA and the matrix organization – an absence noted in the literature.
Why do banks continue to waste talent?
Authors: Dive Brian
Published: January 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to respond to a claim in a recent McKinsey publication (24 July 2008) that European banks are short of talent. The paper argues that banks generally waste talent. They are not short of talent. It argues, based on the author's book The Accountable Leader, also published in July 2008, that accountability is the key to effective leadership and management of talent.

Design/methodology/approach

The material is based on case study work done in a number of banks. The paper is therefore a blend of viewpoint, case study material and concepts. Although the initial focus is financial institutions, the theme is applied to other organizations. Supporting evidence of this viewpoint is provided from a 2007 Webcast for The Conference Board of New York. Case study material based on 40 years' experience in 70 countries, provides evidence of key concepts outlined: hierarchy heavy organizations, their misuse of grading systems and the reality of career dead ends as a result.

Findings

The paper demonstrates how the above problems lead to the stunted development of bonsai managers. This is a metaphor to illustrate the extent and reason for the waste of talent in banks for example, the root cause of which is their inability to accurately define accountability.

Originality/value

The paper sets out four pre‐requisites for effective leadership. It argues that most CEOs do not know how to establish the first – an accountable organization. It debunks the superficial but popular myth about the shortage of talent. The real problem is the shortage of organizations, which know how to manage talent. They have too many leaders, not too few!
Interpersonal influence in the workplace – part 3: some research findings – influencing behaviour and team role behaviour
Authors: Manning Tony , Pogson Graham , Morrison Zoë
Published: January 2009

Purpose

This article aims to present some further research findings that explore the relationship between influencing behaviour and team role behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based upon data collected by the authors during training and development activities that they carried out and/or were involved in.

Findings

The main conclusion is specifically related to the revised model of team roles put forward by Manning et al. This was developed in response to perceived limitations in Belbin's original formulation of team role theory. It builds on and develops the idea that there is a significant social dimension to team roles.

Originality/value

The research is based upon data collected by the authors during training and development activities that they carried out and/or were involved in. Information collected comes from a work‐based sample of men and women, at all organizational levels, in a variety of mainly public sector organizations in the UK.