bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-compact integrated photonic devices enabled by machine learning and digital metamaterials
Authors: Banerji Sourangsu , Majumder Apratim , Hamrick Alex , Menon Rajesh , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate three ultra-compact integrated-photonics devices, which are designed via a machine-learning algorithm coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. By digitizing the design domain into “binary pixels,” these digital metamaterials are readily manufacturable using traditional semiconductor foundry processes. By showing various devices (beam-splitters and waveguide bends), we showcase our approach's generality. With an area footprint smaller than λ02, our designs are amongst the smallest reported to-date. Our method combines machine learning with digital metamaterials to enable ultra-compact, manufacturable devices, which could power a new “Photonics Moore's Law.”
Awareness of climate change's impacts and motivation to adapt are not enough to drive action: A look of Puerto Rican farmers after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz Luis Alexis , Niles Meredith T.
Published: January 2021

Understanding how perceptions around motivation, capacity, and climate change’s impacts relate to the adoption of adaptation practices in light of experiences with extreme weather events is important in assessing farmers’ adaptive capacity. However, very little of this work has occurred in islands, which may have different vulnerabilities and capacities for adaptation. Data of surveyed farmers throughout Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria (n = 405, 87% response rate) were used in a structural equation model to explore the extent to which their adoption of agricultural practices and management strategies was driven by perceptions of motivation, vulnerability, and capacity as a function of their psychological distance of climate change. Our results show that half of farmers did not adopt any practice or strategy, even though the majority perceived themselves capable and motivated to adapt to climate change, and understood their farms to be vulnerable to future extreme events. Furthermore, adoption was neither linked to these adaptation perceptions, nor to their psychological distance of climate change, which we found to be both near and far. Puerto Rican farmers’ showed a broad awareness of climate change’s impacts both locally and globally in different dimensions (temporal, spatial, and social), and climate distance was not linked to reported damages from Hurricane Maria or to previous extreme weather events. These results suggest that we may be reaching a tipping point for extreme events as a driver for climate belief and action, especially in places where there is a high level of climate change awareness and continued experience of compounded impacts. Further, high perceived capacity and motivation are not linked to actual adaptation behaviors, suggesting that broadening adaptation analyses beyond individual perceptions and capacities as drivers of climate adaptation may give us a better understanding of the determinants to strengthen farmers’ adaptive capacity.
Development of a dynamic water budget model for Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE
Authors: Kizhisseri Mohamed I. , Mohamed Mohamed M. , El-Shorbagy Walid , Chowdhury Rezaul , McDonald Adrian
Published: January 2021

In this study, a dynamic water budget model is developed for the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (EAD) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The model, called Abu Dhabi Water Budget Model (ADWBM), accounts for a number of drivers such as population growth, economic growth, consumption pattern and climatic factors. Model formulation, calibration, validation as well as simulation results for two future situations are presented in this paper. The two water simulations discuss demand-side options in response to different future water conditions until 2050. The first simulation, namely, baseline (BL) simulation examined water balance in the emirate assuming no change in both water production and consumption. BL simulation results highlight the expected shortages in water resources assuming no modification in the supply side. The second simulation, a more conservative and practical simulation considering water conservation options and sustainable improvements to the supply side was developed to achieve a balanced water budget by reducing the baseline consumption rates. The results show that a significant demand reduction is needed in all demand sectors, reaching 60% in the potable sectors and above 70% in non-potable sectors. Overall, results show that the ADWBM can be used as a numerical tool to produce accurate figures of water supply and demand for the sake of planning and decision making in the water sector of the EAD until 2050.
Prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphism in Bogotá, Colombia: The first report of allele *17
Authors: Arévalo-Galvis Azucena , Otero-Regino William A. , Ovalle-Celis Gloria N. , Rodríguez-Gómez Eliana R. , Trespalacios-Rangel Alba A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs that are essential for the treatment of acid-related disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), dyspepsia, gastric ulcers andHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection. PPIs such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole are metabolized by the CYP2C19 enzyme, which is encoded by a polymorphic gene. Four polymorphisms have an impact on the speed of PPI metabolism: CYP2C19*1/*1 (extensive metabolizers), CYP2C19*2/*2 (intermediate metabolizers), CYP2C19*3/*3 (poor metabolizers) and CYP2C19*17/*17 (ultrarapid metabolizers). Extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers inactivate PPIs quickly, which consequently causes low plasma concentrations of PPIs, while intermediate or poor metabolizers have higher plasma concentrations of PPIs and, therefore, PPIs have greater therapeutic efficacy in individuals with these polymorphisms.

Objective

To determine the frequency of genetic polymorphisms of the CPY2C19 enzyme in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods

This observational study was conducted in Bogotá between 2012 and 2015 and was part of a clinical trial (ID: NCT03650543). It included 239 subjects with dyspepsia,H.pyloriinfection, or GERD symptoms. CYP2C19 genotyping was performed on gastric biopsy samples. Polymorphisms *1, *2, and *3 were analyzed by real-time PCR (Roche®), and PCR-RFLP was used to determine the presence of polymorphism *17.

Results

The distribution of different types of PPI metabolizers was as follows: extensive (70.7%), ultrarapid (12.9%), intermediate (8.8%) and poor (0.8%).

Conclusion

The population studied consisted mainly of extensive and ultrarapid PPI metabolizers. These findings show that it is necessary to increase PPI doses in this group of subjects or to use PPIs that are not metabolized by CYP2C19 (rabeprazole). This is the first Colombian work to identify ultrarapid metabolizers.
A qualitative, grounded theory exploration of the determinants of self-care behavior among Indian patients with a lived experience of chronic heart failure
Authors: Kamath Deepak Y. , Bhuvana K. B. , Salazar Luke Joshua , Varghese Kiron , Kamath Anant , Idiculla Jyoti , Pais Prem , Kulkarni Shruthi , Granger Bradi B. , Xavier Denis
Published: January 2021

Background

Prior reports have documented extremely poor adherence to evidence-based medications among South Asian patients with established chronic cardiovascular diseases. Treatment adherence is now considered a part of the ‘self-care’ process, the determinants of which have not been adequately explored or explained among South Asian patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Our objective was to qualitatively ascertain the determinants of the self-care process among Indian patients with a lived experience of heart failure.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews (audio-recorded) among 22 purposively sampled patients living with chronic heart failure, diagnosed at least 4 weeks prior to the interview and 17 caregivers (n = 39) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India. We employed an inductive analytical approach using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. Initial line-by-line coding and categorization was followed by memo writing, reflexive analysis after interviewing and analyzing four, eight and twelve patients, and at each stage further theoretical sampling was carried out until we reached thematic saturation. We used NVivo ver. 12 to analyze and organize data.

Results

The mean age of our patients was 61 years and they represented 5 Indian states and spoke seven languages, distributed across socio-economic strata and literacy levels. We classified self-care determinants into 3 broad, simple categories and defined underlying themes namely, negative determinants (passivity, entrenched beliefs, negative affect, lack of knowledge, financial difficulties, and fatalism), intermediate factors (patient expectations, provider/hospital hopping) and facilitators or positive self-care determinants (intrinsic and extrinsic facilitators). Gender and the cultural background of patients’ upbringing appear to shape these determinants, thereby affecting self-care decision making in chronic heart failure.

Conclusion

We have empirically described a unique set of self-care determinants among Indian chronic heart failure patients, which in turn are shaped by economic and socio-cultural factors. Assessing for and addressing these determinants during clinical interactions through multi-factorial approaches may help improve self-care among Indian CHF patients, thus improving treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.
How inter-state amity and animosity complement migration networks to drive refugee flows: A multi-layer network analysis, 1991–2016
Authors: Schon Justin , Johnson Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2021

What drives the formation and evolution of the global refugee flow network over time? Refugee flows in particular are widely explained as the result of pursuits for physical security, with recent research adding geopolitical considerations for why states accept refugees. We refine these arguments and classify them into explanations of people following existing migration networks and networks of inter-state amity and animosity. We also observe that structural network interdependencies may bias models of migration flows generally and refugee flows specifically. To account for these dependencies, we use a dyadic hypothesis testing method—Multiple Regression- Quadratic Assignment Procedure (MR-QAP). We estimate MR-QAP models for each year during the 1991–2016 time period. K-means clustering analysis with visualization supported by multi-dimensional scaling allows us to identify categories of variables and years. We find support for the categorization of drivers of refugee flows into migration networks and inter-state amity and animosity. This includes key nuance that, while contiguity has maintained a positive influence on refugee flows, the magnitude of that influence has declined over time. Strategic rivalry also has a positive influence on refugee flows via dyad-level correlations and its effect on the structure of the global refugee flow network. In addition, we find clear support for the global refugee flow network shifting after the Arab Spring in 2011, and drivers of refugee flows shifting after 2012. Our findings contribute to the study of refugee flows, international migration, alliance and rivalry relationships, and the application of social network analysis to international relations.
Validation of the Preoperative Score to Predict Postoperative Mortality (POSPOM) in Germany
Authors: Layer Yannik C. , Menzenbach Jan , Layer Yonah L. , Mayr Andreas , Hilbert Tobias , Velten Markus , Hoeft Andreas , Wittmann Maria
Published: January 2021

Background

The Preoperative Score to Predict Postoperative Mortality (POSPOM) based on preoperatively available data was presented by Le Manach et al. in 2016. This prognostic model considers the kind of surgical procedure, patients' age and 15 defined comorbidities to predict the risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Objective of the present study was to validate POSPOM for the German healthcare coding system (G-POSPOM).

Methods and findings

All cases involving anaesthesia performed at the University Hospital Bonn between 2006 and 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Procedures codified according to the French Groupes Homogènes de Malades (GHM) were translated and adapted to the German Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS). Comorbidities were identified by the documented International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) coding. POSPOM was calculated for the analysed patient collective using these data according to the method described by Le Manach et al. Performance of thereby adapted POSPOM was tested using c-statistic, Brier score and a calibration plot. Validation was performed using data from 199,780 surgical cases. With a mean age of 56.33 years (SD 18.59) and a proportion of 49.24% females, the overall cohort had a mean POSPOM value of 18.18 (SD 8.11). There were 4,066 in-hospital deaths, corresponding to an in-hospital mortality rate of 2.04% (95% CI 1.97 to 2.09%) in our sample. POSPOM showed a good performance with a c-statistic of 0.771 and a Brier score of 0.021.

Conclusions

After adapting POSPOM to the German coding system, we were able to validate the score using patient data of a German university hospital. According to previous demonstration for French patient cohorts, we observed a good correlation of POSPOM with in-hospital mortality. Therefore, further adjustments of POSPOM considering also multicentre and transnational validation should be pursued based on this proof of concept.
Daikenchuto increases blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery in humans: A comparison study between four-dimensional phase-contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Suzuki Katsunori , Takehara Yasuo , Sakata Mayu , Kawate Masanori , Ohishi Naoki , Sugiyama Kosuke , Akai Toshiya , Suzuki Yuhi , Sugiyama Masataka , Kawamura Takafumi , Morita Yoshifumi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Nasu Hatsuko , Johnson Kevin , Wieben Oliver , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: January 2021

Respiratory-gated four-dimensional phase-contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (4D PC-VIPR) is magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique that enables analysis of vascular morphology and hemodynamics in a single examination using cardiac phase resolved 3D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The present study aimed to assess the usefulness of 4D PC-VIPR for the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flowmetry before and after flow increase was induced by the herbal medicine Daikenchuto (TJ-100) by comparing it with Doppler ultrasound (DUS) as a current standard. Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective single-arm study. The peak cross-sectionally averaged velocity was measured by 4D PC-VIPR, peak velocity was measured by DUS, and flow volume (FV) of SMA and aorta were measured by 4D PC-VIPR and DUS 25 min before and after the peroral administration of TJ-100. The peak cross-sectionally averaged velocity, peak velocity, and FV of SMA measured by 4D PC-VIPR and DUS significantly increased after administration of TJ-100 (4D PC-VIPR: the peak cross-sectionally averaged velocity; p = 0.004, FV; p = 0.035, DUS: the peak velocity; p = 0.003, FV; p = 0.010). Furthermore, 4D PC-VIPR can analyze multiple blood vessels simultaneously. The ratio of the SMA FV to the aorta, before and after oral administration on the 4D PC-VIPR test also increased (p = 0.015). The rate of change assessed by 4D PC-VIPR and DUS were significantly correlated (the peak cross-sectionally averaged velocity and peak velocity: r = 0.650; p = 0.005, FV: r = 0.659; p = 0.004). Retrospective 4D PC-VIPR was a useful modality for morphological and hemodynamic analysis of SMA.
Uniform patterns based area-efficient and accurate stochastic computing finite impulse response filter
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Zaidi Syed Azhar Ali , Rashid Aamir
Published: January 2021

Stochastic computing has recently gained attention due to its low hardware complexity and better fault tolerance against soft errors. However, stochastic computing based circuits suffer from different errors which affect the output accuracy of these circuits. In this paper, an accurate and area-efficient stochastic computing based digital finite impulse response filter is designed. In the proposed work, constant uniform patterns are used as stochastic numbers for the select lines of different MUXes in the filter and the error performance of filter is analysed. Based on the error performance, the combinations of these patterns are proposed for reducing the output error of stochastic computing based filters. The architectures for generating these uniform patterns are also proposed. Results show that the proposed design methodology has better error performance and comparable hardware complexity as compared to the state-of-the-art implementations.
First report on prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health-care workers in Nicaragua
Authors: Huete-Pérez Jorge A. , Cabezas-Robelo Cristiana , Páiz-Medina Lucía , Hernández-Álvarez Carlos A. , Quant-Durán Carlos , McKerrow James H.
Published: January 2021

The Nicaraguan COVID-19 situation is exceptional for Central America. The government restricts testing and testing supplies, and the true extent of the coronavirus crisis remains unknown. Dozens of deaths have been reported among health-care workers. However, statistics on the crisis’ effect on health-care workers and their risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health-care workers and to examine correlations with risk factors such as age, sex and comorbidities. Study participants (N = 402, median age 38.48 years) included physicians, nurses and medical assistants, from public and private hospitals, independent of symptom presentation. SARS-CoV-2 was detected on saliva samples using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. A questionnaire was employed to determine subjects’ COVID-19-associated symptoms and their vulnerability to complications from risk factors such as age, sex, professional role and comorbidities. The study was performed five weeks into the exponential growth period in Nicaragua. We discovered that 30.35% of health-care workers participating in our study had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. A large percentage (54.92%) of those who tested positive were asymptomatic and were still treating patients. Nearly 50% of health-care workers who tested positive were under 40, an astonishing 30.33% reported having at least one comorbidity. In our study, sex and age are important risk factors for the probability of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 with significance being greatest among those between 30 and 40 years of age. In general, being male resulted in higher risk. Our data are the first non-governmental data obtained in Nicaragua. They shed light on several important aspects of COVID-19 in an underdeveloped nation whose government has implemented a herd-immunity strategy, while lacking an adequate healthcare system and sufficient PPE for health-care workers. These data are important for creating policies for containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Factors associated with virological non-suppression among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the Joint Clinical Research Centre in Lubowa, Kampala Uganda
Authors: Nabukeera Sarah , Kagaayi Joseph , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Mugerwa Henry , Matovu Joseph K. B.
Published: January 2021

Background

While the proportion of HIV-positive children (under 15 years) enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in recent years, up to 60% of children started on ART do not achieve virological suppression. We set out to determine the factors associated with virological non-suppression among children living with HIV receiving ART at a peri-urban HIV care clinic in Kampala, Uganda.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the pediatric HIV/AIDS clinic at the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda. Three hundred (300) HIV-positive children (0–14 years) were randomly selected from existing medical records and data on children’s socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (age at ART initiation, WHO clinical staging, and ART-induced side effects) were abstracted using a data abstraction form. Virological non-suppression was defined as a viral load ≥1000 copies/Ml of blood after six months of ART initiation. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were determined as a measure of association between virological non-suppression and child/patient characteristics. The IRRs were obtained via a modified Poisson regression with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were done using statistical package, Stata version 15.

Results

The overall non-suppression rate among HIV-positive children on ART was 23%. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation [adj. IRR 2.74; 95%CI: 1.63, 4.61] and ART-induced side effects [adj. IRR 1.77; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.97] were significantly associated with non-suppression. Older age at ART initiation (age 5–9 years: [adj. IRR 0.42; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.65]; age 10–14 years: [adj. IRR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.64] was less likely to be associated with virological non-suppression.

Conclusion

Nearly a quarter of HIV-positive children on ART had a non-suppressed viral load after six months of treatment. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation and ART-induced side effects were significantly associated with virological non-suppression while older age at ART initiation was protective. Our findings suggest a need for age-specific interventions, particularly those targeting children below five years of age, to improve virological suppression among HIV-positive children receiving ART in this setting.
Amabilidad, confort y espiritualidad en los cuidados paliativos oncológicos: Aporte para la humanización en salud
Authors: Vega Ayasta María Teresa , Díaz Manchay Rosa Jeuna , Cervera Vallejos Mirtha Flor , Rodríguez Cruz Lisseth Dolores , Tejada Muñoz Sonia , Guerrero Quiroz Soledad Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Introducción. Para los pacientes oncológicos en fase terminal, es fundamental sentirse acogidos, cómodos, y recibir apoyo espiritual durante su hospitalización. Objetivo: Describir la amabilidad, las medidas de confort y el apoyo espiritual que se brinda en el cuidado al paciente oncológico en fase terminal según la percepción de enfermeras y familiares cuidadores en un hospital de Chiclayo-Perú. Método. Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, el muestreo fue por conveniencia y la muestra lo conformó 06 enfermeras y 06 familiares cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos en fase terminal, obtenidos por la técnica de saturación y redundancia. Para recolectar los datos se usó guía de entrevista semiestructurada validado por juicio de expertos y prueba piloto, la cual fue grabada previo consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron procesados de manera manual mediante el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados. a) La amabilidad en la relación enfermera-paciente, b) Medidas de confort para satisfacción de necesidades básicas, c) Apoyo espiritual para el alivio del sufrimiento. Conclusiones. Existe humanización en el cuidado a pacientes oncológicos, se inicia con la amabilidad que se refiere al saludo, el respeto y el toque terapéutico, aun en momentos en que las enfermeras realizan las medidas de confort para aliviar el dolor y la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas con la colaboración del familiar acompañante; sin duda se rescata el apoyo espiritual, que se expresa en el fomento de la fe, la esperanza, la oración, respetando las creencias y prácticas religiosas. Es probable que el cáncer genere mayor sensibilidad y compasión en el personal de salud.
El significado del bienestar desde la perspectiva de un pueblo originario andino: lickan-antay
Authors: Gutiérrez-Carmona Andrés Antonio , Urzúa Alfonso , Lay-Lisboa Siu
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Analizar el significado del bienestar desde la perspectiva de un pueblo indígena andino: lickan-antay. Método. Estudio cualitativo, diseño descriptivo con fines comprensivos, con muestreo intencionado por bola de nieve. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizando los discursos de 16 lickan-antay de diferentes comunidades del norte de Chile, utilizando para esto, herramientas de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados. El significado del bienestar para los/las lickan-antay, se relaciona con la integración de diferentes armonías: armonía interna, armonía comunitaria, armonía con la naturaleza y la armonía en el desarrollo étnico-cultural lickan-antay. Conclusiones. El significado del bienestar para los/las lickan-antay está orientado por una concepción del mundo eco-cosmocéntrica, compartida con otros pueblos indígenas andinos, que difiere de los enfoques occidentales del bienestar. Se hace necesario desarrollar una línea de investigación local, que permita establecer un cuerpo de conocimientos transculturales, en torno cuidado y la atención de las/los lickan-antay.
Percepción de enfermeras/os de atención hospitalaria y primaria de salud, sobre el liderazgo de Enfermería
Authors: Lara Jaque Roxana Alejandra , García Vallejos Gloria Alejandra , Lorca Nachar Alfredo Ruben , Montecinos Guiñez Daniela Alejandra , Quijada Sanchez Denisse Carolina , Castillo Mancilla Daniela
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La legislación chilena atribuye a enfermería la Gestión de Cuidados, implica autonomía, requiriendo enfermeras/os capaces de practicar “liderazgo efectivo” contribuyendo a la óptima salud de la población. Sin embargo, se ha instalado la percepción de que enfermería a nivel nacional ha perdido espacios de opinión y toma de decisiones, lo que hace relevante indagar apreciaciones desde las/os protagonistas respecto al ejercicio de liderazgo en sus prácticas. Material y método. Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, tipo estudio de caso, utiliza análisis de contenido. Resultados y discusión. En la percepción del liderazgo de enfermería predominan características del liderazgo transformacional. Reconocen una directa relación entre ejercicio de liderazgo y la calidad del cuidado brindado a las personas. Se identificó como facilitadores del liderazgo habilidades personales, la formación profesional y trayectoria del ejercicio laboral. Emergen obstaculizadores como dificultades comunicativas, relaciones de subordinación asociada al género femenino y profesión no médica, déficit estructural de centros de salud y diferencias generacionales. Conclusión. Develan brechas que viven enfermeras/os en ejercicio de liderazgo, junto a favorecedores. Esto permitirá nutrir planes de estudios de pre y post-grado de enfermería, para propiciar el desarrollo de competencias atingentes a los desafíos actuales, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del rol sociopolítico de enfermería.
El cólera-morbo asiático y sus interrogantes: Recomendaciones que en materia de cuidados Mateo Seoane envió desde su exilio (1832-1833)
Authors: Leno González Daniel
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Se ha pretendido profundizar en los cuidados que se recomendaron por parte del autor durante la primera pandemia de cólera. Método. Se trata de un estudio histórico-social utilizándose para el desarrollo del mismo como “fuentes etnográficas” tres libros de Mateo Seoane. Resultados. Se presenta al autor y su obra, su sensación subjetiva hacia la nueva enfermedad, el miedo al contagio por parte de los cuidadores, se describe la cama del enfermo y otros utensilios del cuidado, explica la sintomatología a cuidar en el enfermo de cólera, la sangría y otros elementos de la terapéutica, la utilización del baño dentro de los cuidados, así en qué consistían éstos durante la convalecencia. Conclusiones. Se ha mostrado la enfermedad y principalmente sus cuidados, a través de los ojos de un cronista, testigo directo que la vivió y estudió. Presenta una enfermedad de fácil transmisión y diseminación, es decir, condiciones tales que le van a permitir expandirse de manera epidémica y pandémica. Puedo decir que he indagado en la cultura sanitaria en una época de crisis.
Institucionalização da pessoa idosa: determinantes e caracterização sociodemográfica
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Deysianne , Fernandes Barbosa Keylla Talitha , Marilaid da Silva Honório Gésia , Texeira de Carvalho Dias Camila , Pessoa da Rocha Leal Natalia , Rodrigues Lopes de Oliveira Fabiana Maria
Published: January 2021

Introdução. A pessoa idosa necessita de demandas de cuidado específicas, o que impulsiona as famílias a buscarem internações para estes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Objetivo: investigar, à luz da literatura, os determinantes da institucionalização e as características sociodemograficas dos idosos institucionalizados. Métodos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDILINE e BDENF, com os Descritores em Ciênias da Saúde e seus respectivos correspondentes do Medical Subject Headings: idoso (aged), institucionalização (institutionalization), envelhecimento (aging). A amostra final foi constituída por 30 estudos. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da análise categorial temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados. Os determinantes da institucionalização da pessoa idosa identificados foram: falta de cuidador formal; falta de disponibilidade dos familiares; abandono; decisão do idoso; problemas de saúde; morar na rua e restrições financeiras. Quanto às caracteristicas sociodemográficas ocorreu predominância do sexo feminino; idade entre 65 e 75 anos; solteiros e viúvos; baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. Considerações finais. Estudos, como este, cooperam para o planejamento de cuidados de enfermagem mais eficaz fortalecendo as ações voltadas à prevençao deste desfecho.
The protective effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Yuniarti Wiwik Misaco , Krismaharani Nina , Ciptaningsih Priska , Celia Kristania , Ma'ruf Anwar , Lukiswanto Bambang Sektiari
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: The liver and kidneys are the most sensitive organs to lead exposure. Drugs that inhibit the actions of lead in the liver and kidneys are required to protect them from such an exposure. This study investigates the protective effect of the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum (OS) against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice.

Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male mice were divided into five equal groups for the 24-day testing period. The negative control group was administered Tween-80 1% orally for 24 days. The positive control group was administered Tween-80 1% orally for 24 days and, starting on day 4, 20 mg/kg BW lead acetate orally once a day for 21 days 1 h after the administration of Tween-80 1%. The other three treatment groups were administered BW OS leaf extract orally in the amount of 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg once a day for 24 days and, starting on day 4, 20 mg/kg BW lead acetate orally for 21 days 1 h after the administration of OS leaf extract. On day 25, the mice were sacrificed to assess the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) as well as the histopathological changes.

Results: The OS leaf extract caused a decrease in the scores for hepatocyte degeneration and portal inflammation (p<0.05) but not for hepatic necrosis (p>0.05) in mice exposed to lead. Similar patterns were observed in the effect of OS leaf extract on the renal morphofunction. The OS leaf extract decreased the scores for hydropic degeneration, tubular necrosis, and glomerular necrosis. The levels of MDA, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, and creatinine decreased in the lead-exposed mice treated with OS leaf extract (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The administration of OS leaf extract has a protective effect against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice.
Gender Role Expectations in the Context of Pain: What is the Role of Socioeconomic Status?
Authors: Jarego Margarida , Diniz Eva , Mourão Susana , F. Bernardes Sónia
Published: January 2021

Chronic pain has a significant impact on the overall population but does not impact all people equally. More vulnerable groups, such as women or individuals with a lower socioeconomic status (SES) revealed a higher burden of chronic pain. Gender role expectations and similar conceptualizations related to SES do not fully explain the differences in pain experiences and assessments with the literature showing incongruent results. Thus, intersectionality emerges as a valuable tool to promote the knowledge of health inequalities, by examining how multiple psychosocial factors interact to shape and influence human experience. This study aims to understand how socioeconomic status (SES) influences gender role expectations in the context of chronic pain, i.e., whether gender role expectations are different for women and men from various SES. Two-hundred and twenty-two adults (56.6% women), with an average age of 37.4 years (
SD = 14.1) were asked to imagine a (wo)men of low/medium/high SES and to imagine that persons pain. An experimental design was used to investigate the influence of an imagined persons SES on gender role expectations regarding: (a) sensitivity; (b) tolerance; and (c) willingness to express pain. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) concluded that there was a triple interaction effect between sex and SES of the person imagined and participants sex on pain tolerance, but not on sensitivity or willingness to express pain. Multiple comparison tests revealed that female tend to perceive people from lower SES as more tolerant to pain, independently of their sex, since they imagined women of medium SES and men of low SES with greater pain tolerance than imagined women and men of high SES, respectively. In opposition, male participants imagined women of every SES with the same level of pain tolerance, as well as all men with the same level of pain tolerance. However, male participants attributed different levels of pain tolerance to imagined people in the high SES condition, where the imagined woman was perceived as more tolerant of pain. These findings allow us to better understand the influence of SES on gender role expectations in the context of chronic pain.
Delayed Removal of Entrapped Snare in Colonoscopic Polypectomy
Authors: Phatharacharukul Parkpoom , Wajid Maryiam , Fatima Hala
Published: January 2021

Snare entrapment is a rare complication of hot snare polypectomy of large colon polyps. We report a case of snare entrapment in our unit and its management. This report highlights the method of delayed removal of snare followed by repeat colonoscopy.
Radio SAGO: entre el ideario regionalista y el apoyo a la dictadura
Authors: Contreras Fuentealba Óscar
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo busca remarcar el mensaje demagógico y antimarxista que puso en circulación Alfonso Sanhueza (secretario general de la institución por 35 años) a través de Radio SAGO. La emisora se transformó en un dispositivo divulgador de la clase terrateniente local. Estos argumentos fueron utilizados como elementos aglutinadores, sobre todo el ámbito del agro, para crear una conciencia regional que acercara los intereses de los terratenientes al común de los ciudadanos.
Claves para una entrevista con víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia
Authors: Bastida Mera Carlota , Prieto Ursúa María
Published: January 2021

Con este trabajo se pretende realizar una revisión exhaustiva de los posibles efectos derivados de sufrir una experiencia de abuso sexual y las variables influyentes. El principal objetivo de este estudio es identificar las claves que debe tener una entrevista de evaluación para estas víctimas, revisando los principales protocolos existentes y tratando de extraer las características esenciales para lograr una técnica que permita obtener la máxima información posible causando el menor daño a la víctima, ya que la máxima de toda intervención con víctimas debe ser siempre evitar la revictimización.
TINGKAT KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA KEKERINGAN DI KELURAHAN ROWOSARI, KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Sakti Fajar Kurnia , Wijaya Holi Bina
Published: January 2021

Penilaian Tingkat Ketahanan Masyarakat merupakan langkah awal menuju peningkatan ketahanan dan membuat pemangku kepentingan untuk memprioritaskan tindakan yang diperlukan dalam menangani suatu kondisi masyarakat yang mengalami tekanan dan guncangan. Kelurahan Rowosari merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terdampak bencana kekeringan setiap tahunnya. Bencana kekeringan yang terjadi berimbas pada penurunan debit air bersih yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi masyarakat. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan seperti “Seperti apa tingkat ketahanan masyarakat terhadap bencana kekeringan di Kelurahan Rowosari?”. Digunakan metode kuantitaif untuk menjabarkan hasil penelitian. Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk menunjukan kondisi eksisting masyarakat yang terdiri dari aspek fisik, sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan. Teknik analisis skoring menggunakan metode Sturges yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan pengukuran terhadap tingkat ketahanan masyarakat. Hasil Tingkat ketahanan masyarakat Kelurahan Rowosari terhadap bencana kekeringan menunjukan skor akhir sebesar 2,00 dan termasuk dalam tingkat ketahanan menengah. Pada tingkatan tersebut masih perlu dilakukan peningkatan dari berbagai aspek, hal ini dikarenakan pada tingkat tersebut juga rawan terjadi penurunan akibat kurangnya kepedulian masyarakat untuk menghadapi bencana kekeringan.
PARTICIPATION OF MALIOBORO’S PARKING ATTENDANTS RELOCATION IN RIGHT TO THE CITY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pratiyudha Pinurba Parama
Published: January 2021

Right to the city become one of essential point in New Urban Agenda discussion, as the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals which includes point 11 on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements. Right to the city is a concept which encloses political power, land ownership, and social justice within globalized cities which run into rapid change. Lefebvre describes the right to the city as people cry and demand a transformed and renewed urban life. Participation is seen as a basic right in the concept of the right to the city. This article drawing on a study case of relocation of Malioboro’s parking attendants. The relocation itself was one of the policies to revitalize tourism area along Malioboro street. In the process, there are some resistances from Malioboro’s parking attendants emerge as their concern on their sustainability after the relocation into the new place. Based on the field research, this article concludes that the process of participation that occurs does not meet up with parking attendants aspiration and the process is ruined by the government. Public participation is ineffective at the process and ruined as the government intervention in Malioboro parking attendants organization. The ineffectiveness of public participation is due to the logic of technocratic participation and the government's informal approach to some parking attendants.
KAJIAN KEBUTUHAN INTEGRASI LAYANAN ANGKUTAN UMUM MASSAL DI KOTA SEMARANG DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Manullang Okto Risdianto , Sitorus Paldibo Alfriramson
Published: January 2021

Angkutan umum massal berbasis jalan telah dikembangkan oleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang sejak tahun 2009 hingga kini (Trans Semarang). Disisi lain, Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah sejak tahun 2017 juga melakukan hal yang sama di Wilayah Aglomerasi Kedungsepur (Trans Jateng). Namun terkesan berjalan sendiri-sendiri dan terjadi tumpang tindih layanan di ruas-ruas jalan tertentu. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukan penelitian kebutuhan pengintegrasian layanan angkutan umum massal di Kota Semarang dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis spasial untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pola permintaan perjalanan penggunanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengguna Koridor 1 dan 2 Trans Semarang dari luar Kota Semarang mencapai 39,14% dan 60,86% berasal dari dalam Kota Semarang. Pengguna dengan tujuan ke luar Kota Semarang mencapai 42,23% dan 57,77% tujuan di dalam Kota Semarang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Koridor 1 dan 2 mengakomodasi penumpang yang asal tujuannya cukup besar dari luar Kota Semarang. Terdapat tumpang tindih layanan mencapai 60% dari panjang lintasan di Koridor 1 Trans Jateng dan Koridor 2 Trans Semarang. Moda first mile pengguna Koridor 2 didominasi oleh Trans Jateng sebesar 51,51% dan last mile didominasi oleh penggunaan motor sebesar 48,10%. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa rute layanan Trans Jateng kedepannya dapat mengakomodir permintaan perjalanan di dalam kawasan penyangga dengan konsep layanan loop (mengelilingi), berbeda dari kondisi saat ini. Selanjutnya, layanan Trans Jateng yang menuju ke Kota Semarang dapat berhenti di titik perbatasan, dimana pergerakan kemudian dilayani oleh Trans Semarang dan diharapkan dapat memberikan layanan yang lebih baik kepada masyarakat di Kota Semarang dan sekitarnya.
Pranggapan dalam Album DAYDREAM Karya Aimer (Kajian Pragmatik)
Authors: Rosliana, S.S., M.Hum. Lina , Rianti Riana Anggun
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study to indentification form presupposition of Aimer songs in Daydream album and to describe the meaning of presupposition. The resources which used in this research are five song titled For Lonenly, Insane Dream, Kataomoi, Kowairo and Ninelie. This study use theory by Yule.The method of this study is use watch and note method for collection data, then use descriptive method for analysis data. In descriptive method will identify song lyrics by Aimer in album Daydream that contain presupposition and then analysis data with detail descriptive. The data presentation stage use informal method.The result of the study in song lyrics For Lonenly, Insane Dream, Kataomoi, Kowairo dan Ninelie are found that there are 63 data presupposition, such as 19 data of existence presupposition, 19 data of factual presupposition, 2 data of non-factual presupposition, 11 data of lexical presupposition, 7 data of structural presupposition and 5 data of counterfactual presupposition. The form of presupposition that often appears are existence presupposition total of 19 data and factual presupposition total of 19 data.
Strategi Kesantunan Dalam Melayangkan Protes di Restoran Jepang Kajian Sosiopragmatik
Authors: Ratna, S.S., M.Hum. Maharani Patria
Published: January 2021

A protest is something that really needs to be careful in its delivery. This study examines the strategy of buyers in protesting at a Japanese restaurant. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the data collection method of the literature method. The technique used is documentation techniques, namely data collection techniques through reading text or text reading, assessment, and recording all literature related to this research. The results achieved in this study will be presented in the form of a description. The results of this study indicate that the dominant strategy used by buyers to cast protests is to adopt a bald on record strategy. This strategy was chosen because protest is a form of dissatisfaction made because buyers feel they do not receive Omotenashi from the restaurant. In order to express dissatisfaction, the buyer is forced to threaten the shop assistant's face as an interlocutor. However, it should be noted that in certain contexts, Enryo is still a consideration for buyers in protesting, even though the potential is very small or not dominant.
Intertekstualitas Puisi “Di Jembatan Mirabeau” karya Agus R. Sarjono dan Le Pont Mirabeau karya Guillaume Apollinaire
Authors: Nino Septoriana Maria
Published: January 2021

This research contains an intertextual study of poem “Di Jembatan Mirabeau” by Agus R. Sarjono and Le Pont Mirabeau by Guillaume Apollinaire. Both of these poems describe the same object, Mirabeau bridge. The purpose of this research is to determine the intertextuality between these two poems. The method and approach that used in this reserch are library method and intertextuality approach. The writer found several things that show the similarities and differences of these two poems. The similarities are found through the setting, structure of sentences, and point of view. While the differences are found through the language, time, final rhymes, and typography. The result showed that these poems have same meanings and expansion, conversion, modification, and exclution.
Competition Conditions and Market Power in the Mexican Commercial Banking Market. A Microeconomic Theoretical Approach
Authors: Lartigue Mendoza Jacques , Ayala Navarro Kenneth , Sauri Alpuche Gustavo
Published: January 2021

This study assesses, from a microeconomic theoretical perspective, competition conditions and market power in the Mexican commercial banking market. Our econometric estimations, using time series, indicate a low price elasticity of demand for bank credit, which, in combination with high market shares and according to the Lerner index, indicates that major banks have elevated market power; the profferedvalues of the Lerner index range between (0.11) and (0.68) for the seven leading banks, (0.00) for small banks, and (0.34) for the weighted average of the entire market. On the other hand, the estimated competition indicators confirm the exercise of market power and the lack of a competitive market, during at least the last decade, resulting in a large fraction of unserved economic agents by commercial banks.
Estrés financiero en el sector manufacturero de Ecuador
Authors: Naula-Sigua Freddy Benjamin , Arévalo-Quishpi Diana Jackeline , Campoverde-Picón Jorge Andrés , López-González Josselyn Patricia
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo clasifica a las empresas manufactureras del Ecuador en empresas con estrés financiero (ECE) y sin estrés financiero (ESE). Para tal efecto, se clarifica el significado de estrés financiero y el criterio bajo el cual una empresa sería clasificada como ECE o ESE. Además, se recurre a dos modelos ampliamente utilizados en el medio: el análisis discriminante múltiple y la regresión logística, basados en los trabajos previos de Altman y Ohlson, respectivamente. El estudio se enfoca en las empresas del sector manufacturero ecuatoriano durante el periodo 2014-2018. Se destaca que uno de los hallazgos principales es que, en algunos casos, los signos de los coeficientes de los modelos estimados difieren de los modelos originales de Altman y Ohlson. Sin embargo, en ambos casos, las tasas de precisión de este estudio son mayores que las de los modelos originales. Finalmente, se encontró que las microempresas son las quepresentan mayor estrés en sentido financiero.
El papel de la economía en la protección de los derechos humanos y del planeta.
Authors: Tejedor Estupiñan Joan Miguel
Published: January 2021

Según Zuleta, E. (1990), el sistema político Colombiano preserva los rasgos de la democracia clásica: elecciones populares de presidente y representantes al Congreso de la República, las gobernaciones, las alcaldías y los consejos municipales; existe separación de los tres poderes públicos (ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial), y hay libertad de expresión, organización, prensa, huelga y cátedra. En este contexto, se esperaba que la descentralización administrativa, establecida en la Constitución de 1991, abriera caminos para los colombianos en la toma de decisiones y acciones para su desarrollo. No obstante, y opuesto a estos principios, el actual contexto social y político de Colombia muestra una población que, dentro del modo de producción capitalista, vive la negación de sus derechos.