bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Voters Respond to Information? Evidence from a Randomized Campaign
Authors: Kendall Chad , Nannicini Tommaso , Trebbi Francesco
Published: January 2015

In a large-scale controlled trial in collaboration with the reelection campaign of an Italian incumbent mayor, we administered (randomized) messages about the candidate's valence or ideology. Informational treatments affected both actual votes in the precincts and individual vote declarations. Campaigning on valence brought more votes to the incumbent, but both messages affected voters' beliefs. Cross-learning occurred, as voters who received information about the incumbent also updated their beliefs on the opponent. With a novel protocol of beliefs elicitation and structural estimation, we assess the weights voters place upon politicians' valence and ideology, and simulate counterfactual campaigns. (JEL D12, D72, D83)
A Numerical Study of the Logit Network Pricing Problem
Authors: Gilbert François , Marcotte Patrice , Savard Gilles
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we address the numerical solution of a pricing problem where users are assigned according to a logit model onto the paths of a transportation network. Although this highly nonconvex problem admits a large number of local optima, we show that it is possible to devise strategies that allow us to find near-optimal solutions through a mixture of customized approximations and local ascent techniques.
Role of the community matron in advance care planning and ‘do not attempt CPR’ decision-making: a qualitative study
Authors: Kazmierski Mandy , King Nigel
Published: January 2015

The community matron (CM) is often the key worker caring for patients with chronic, life-limiting, long-term conditions, but these patients are not always recognised as palliative cases. This study explored the experiences of CMs with regard to advance care planning (ACP) and ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ (DNACPR) decision-making to understand whether or not they felt adequately prepared for this aspect of their role, and why. Qualitative data were generated from six CMs using a broad interpretive phenomenological approach. Face-to-face recorded interviews were analysed using template analysis. The study found that although participants faced complex ethical situations around ACP and DNACPR almost on a daily basis, none had received any formal training despite the emphasis on training in national and local guidelines. Participants often struggled to get their patients accepted on to the Gold Standards Framework. The research found variability and complexity of cases to be the main barriers to clear identification of the palliative phase.
The Flexible Care Service: a third-sector service for older people with mental health needs
Authors: Ryder Elaine
Published: January 2015

Demographic patterns indicate that by 2030, one in five people in England will be over 65. Together with the fact that as people age they are more likely to suffer from comorbidities, it is of paramount importance that local services are designed to meet the needs of individual older people. The Flexible Care Service is a resource for older people with mental health problems. Through the use of client case studies, the Department of Health's ‘six Cs’ (care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and commitment) are used as a framework to demonstrate how a third-sector service such as Flexible Care can offer a person-centred approach in order to meet the diverse needs of individual clients. The framework is also used to demonstrate the high level of skills needed by flexible carers in order to provide this support.
Review on Machining of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Jain Pushpendra , Soni S , Baredar Prashant
Published: January 2015

Metal matrix composites have superior mechanical properties in comparison to metals over a wide range of operating conditions. This make them an attractive option in replacing metals for various engineering applications. This paper provides a literature review, on machining of Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC)especially the particle reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composites. This paper is an attempt to give brief account of recent work to predict cutting parameters &surface generated in AMMC.By suitably selecting the machining parameters, machining of AMMC can be made economical.
Analytical Studies of Metal Insulator Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Diodes
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Kumari Anjana , Samarth Manisha , Kumar Rajiv , Dey Tarun
Published: January 2015

The current –voltage data of the metal –insulator semiconductor Schottky diode are simulated using thermionic emission diffusion equation taking into account the inter facial layer parameters.The computed current – voltage data are fitted into ideal thermionic emission diffusion equation to see the apparent effect of interfacial parameters on current transport.In presence of interfacial layer the Schottky contact behave as an ideal diode of apparently high barrier height. The behavior of apparent height and ideality factor with the presence of inter facial layer is discussed.
CrFe 2O4 - BiFeO3 Perovskite Multiferroic Nanocomposites – A Review
Authors: Pandu Ratnakar
Published: January 2015

Though semiconductor technology has advanced significantly in miniaturization and processor speed the “ideal” nonvolatile memory - memory that retains information even when the power goes is still elusive. There is a large demand for non-volatile memories with the popularity of portable electronic devices like cell phones and note books. Semiconductor memories like SRAMs and DRAMs are available but, such memories are volatile. After the advent of ferroelectricity many materials with crystal structures of Perovskite, pyrochlore and tungsten bronze have been derived and studied for the applications in memory devices. Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (FeRAM) are most promising. They are nonvolatile and have the greater radiation hardness and higher speed. These devices use the switchable spontaneous polarization arising suitable positional bi-stability of constituent ions and store the information in the form of charge. This paper is focused on the synthesis and characterizations of BiFeO3 and xCrFe2O4-(1-x) BiFeO3 nanoceramics which are most promising FeRAM materials. The effect of various-dopant-induced changes in structural, dielectric, ac impedance, ferroelectric hysteresis, mechanism of the dielectric peak broadening and frequency dispersion have been addressed. It also deals with low temperature processing technique of those nanoceramics which has high dielectric and ferroelectric properties. These studies can be further extended to reinforce BiFeO3 and CrFeO4 materials with carbon nanotubes to obtain conductive composites using appropriate techniques.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nano Particle Concentration in the Polyaniline-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite on the Dielectric Property
Authors: Verma N
Published: January 2015

Films of polyaniline and polyaniline–ZnO composites were synthesized by spin coating. The spin coated films were deposited over glass substrate. In order to confirm the dispersion quality and the size of the dispersed ZnO, Transmission electron microscopy was done. The TEM images show that ZnO nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Dark imaging mode confirmed these particles in solid phase and revealed the uniform distribution of the particles in the PANI matrix. The absorption peaks in FTIR spectra of PANI–ZnO composite film were found to shift to higher wave number when compared with pure PANI. The observed shifts were attributed to the interaction between the ZnO particle and PANI molecular chains. A change in the value of lattice parameter of ZnO as confirmed through the X ray diffraction method in the composite indicated the presence of interaction between ZnO particles and matrix. The dielectric study of PANI and PANI–ZnO composites demonstrated a significant decrease in the value of dielectric constant after the incorporation of the ZnO nanoparticles in the polymer matrix.
Microstructures and Electrical Properties of HPMC/PVP Polymer Blend Films Complex with Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)
Authors: Ananda H , Urs T , Prakash Y , Hemalatha K , Somashekarappa H , Somashekar R
Published: January 2015

Microstructural studies on FeCl3 doped Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend films were carried out using X-Ray diffraction studies. The XRD data revealed that the crystalline regions of the HPMC/PVP blend film decreases up to a certain percentage of FeCl3 and then increases. Electrical conductivity studies on these doped films suggest complex formation due to doping which affects microstructure and also ac conductivity of polymer films. All these results were analyzed and explained on the basis of micro structural modification of HPMC/PVP blends as function of dopant concentration.
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of PMMA-TiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Agarwal Shalini , Saraswat Vibhav
Published: January 2015

In present research work, nanocomposite films of organic polymeric matrix polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and its nanocomposites with inorganic nanosized filler, namely titania (TiO2) nanoparticles, have been prepared and characterized thermally. TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical route method. Formation of nanoparticles and their average size have been confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average particle size of the nanoparticles has been found to be ~19 nm. PMMA-TiO2 nanocomposites with different TiO2 weight percent (e.g. 1%, 2% and 3%) have been prepared by solution casting technique. These prepared samples have been investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates. The effect of heating rate and TiO2 weight percent on glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) have been studied. It has been found that Tg and Tm increases as TiO2 content increases in PMMA matrix. An effort has also been made to calculate activation energy at glass transition temperature using Kissinger, Moynihan and Lasocka relations.
O Processo Educativo Humano à Luz de Platão
Authors: Xavier Dennys Garcia , Walter Karla Cristina
Published: January 2015

O estudo das estruturas pedagógico‑formativas do Mundo Antigo Clássico pode jogar luz sobre aspetos educativos humanos essenciais, que ecoam, de diversos modos, na contemporaneidade. Um sintético, mas criterioso olhar para o processo educacional naquele Mundo revela tensões que se verificam ainda hodiernamente, como o embate entre o relativismo e o idealismo: um binómio que, no decorrer da história humana, teima em não se deixar capturar num único ponto de conciliação. Representante máximo de tal embate é Platão, que em sua obra Teeteto, estabelece um campo de provas argumentativo que dá voz àqueles pólos. Mas não se trata aqui tão‑somente de explorar correntes filosóficas diversas e algumas das suas mais óbvias consequências. A partir da contraposição entre relativismo e idealismo, Platão delineia um programa pedagógico‑educativo forte, no qual a imagem de homem ilustrado, de formação filosófica, se sobrepõe à de um homem do povo, formado pelas exigências acríticas da existência quotidiana, não refletida. Aqui, pretende‑se analisar o arcabouço teorético da análise platónica e a estrutura pedagógica que dele deriva. Para tanto, foram investigados textos‑chave do corpus escrito do filósofo ateniense, bem como bibliografia secundária atinente ao tema.
Creche, Igualdade de Género e o Direito das Crianças à Educação
Authors: Dias Regina Célia , Pereira Fátima , Correia José Alberto
Published: January 2015

Este artigo apresenta as conclusões gerais de uma tese de doutoramento, onde foi problematizada a questão social da mulher trabalhadora com filhos na faixa etária dos 0 aos 2 anos de idade, no que se refere à guarda e educação dos seus filhos. Considerando as transformações na condição feminina e na vida das crianças, a creche foi considerada enquanto um espaço de práticas sociais das famílias, um espaço da prática profissional das educadoras e como um dos espaços de construção de uma nova cultura da infância e da sua socialização. Foram analisados os discursos de educadoras e dos pais e mães, os quais revelaram um processo em curso de construção de novas linguagens que vêm afirmando o caráter educativo da creche, assim como reconfigurando as conceções sobre a maternidade, o trabalho feminino, a paternidade e sobre a infância e o direito da criança de 0 aos 2 anos à educação.
Tornar‑se Jovem ou Estudante: Um Desafio Desenvolvimental
Authors: Dias Diana , Sá Maria José
Published: January 2015

Situando o estudante do ensino superior num percurso desenvolvimental que medeia a adolescência e a adultez, a construção da identidade assume‑se como uma tarefa desenvolvimental de referência. Focalizando a análise no desenvolvimento psicossocial do jovem adulto e usando como referencial teórico a conceptualização do ofício de aluno apresentada por Perrenoud (1995) e desenvolvido por Amado‑Tavares (2008) para aplicação no Ensino Superior, este trabalho pretende, através da análise do discurso de estudantes, refletir sobre a construção da sua identidade como tal. Assim, o objetivo é perceber se a frequência do ensino superior pode ser conceptualizada como o exercício de um ofício. Os resultados confirmam que a frequência do ensino superior funciona, na prática, como o exercício de um ofício: o ofício de estudante.
La Función Tutorial del Profesorado Universitario: Una Nueva Competencia de la Labor Docente en el Contexto del EEES
Authors: Álvarez Pérez Pedro R.
Published: January 2015

Los cambios que ha traído consigo el modelo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior han situado en un lugar destacado de los Sistemas de Garantía Interna de Calidad los procesos de orientación al estudiante. En este contexto, la tutoría se entiende como una tarea integrada en la labor docente, que implica una interacción personalizada del profesor tutor con el alumnado, con la finalidad de hacer un seguimiento del proceso de aprendizaje y definir su proyecto personal de titulación. En relación al rol de tutor que desempeñan losdocentes y siguiendo una metodología de investigación de corte descriptivo, en este artículo se presentan los resultados con una muestra de 43 profesores tutores que desarrollaron un programa de tutoría de carrera. A partir de las opiniones de los docentes, los resultados ponen de manifiesto las dificultades encontradas en el desarrollo del programa, debido sobre todo a la baja participación del alumnado y la falta de adecuación de los horarios.
Proportional Derivative Active Force Control for “X�? Configuration Quadcopter
Authors: Tamami Niam , Pitowarno Endra , Astawa I Gede Puja
Published: January 2015

This paper present a control method “x? configuration quadcopter. The control method used PDAFC (Proportional Derivative Active Force Control). PD is used to stabilize quadcopter, and AFC is used to reject uncertainty disturbance (e.g. wind) by estimate disturbance torque value of quadcopter. By adding PD with AFC, better result is obtained, AFC can minimize uncertainty disturbance effect. The sensitivity toward uncertainty disturbance can be set from sensitivity constant to get best performance of disturbance rejection. Stability analysis of PDAFC was evaluated by Lyapunov stability theory.
Design of Vibration Absorber using Spring and Rubber for Armored Vehicle 5.56 mm Caliber Rifle
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Sukma , Budiwantoro Bagus , Rijanto Estiko
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a design of vibration absorber using spring and rubber for 5.56 mm caliber rifle armored vehicle. Such a rifle is used in a Remote-Controlled Weapon System (RCWS) or a turret where it is fixed using a two degree of freedom pan-tilt mechanism. A half car lumped mass dynamic model of armored vehicles was derived. Numerical simulation was conducted using fourth order Runge Kutta method. Various types of vibration absorbers using spring and rubber with different configurations are installed in the elevation element. Vibration effects on horizontal direction, vertical direction and angular deviation of the elevation element was investigated. Three modes of fire were applied i.e. single fire, semi-automatic fire and automatic fire. From simulation results, it was concluded that the parallel configuration of damping rubber type 3, which has stiffness of 980,356.04 (N/m2) and damping coefficient of 107.37 (N.s/m), and Carbon steel spring whose stiffness coefficient is 5.547 x 106 (N/m2) provides the best vibration absorption.
Evaluation of Potential Usage of Incremental-Type Rotary Encoder Application for Angle Sensing in Steering System
Authors: Kaleg Sunarto , Muharam Aam , Kurnia M. Redho , Hapid Abdul
Published: January 2015

The main target of a steering system is that the driver can change vehicle trajectory in accordance with the desired direction.  Power steering has become a standard feature in automobile.  It provides assisting power when the driver turns the steering wheel. The well-known power steering types include; Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS), Electro - Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS), and Electric Power Steering (EPS). EHPS or EPS uses an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) which is specific for each vehicle. The ECU should be able to regulate power of electric motor to provide corresponding assisting power for the steering wheel. Therefore ECU requires input signals, one of which is vehicle wheel angle that can be indicated from the vehicle steering wheel angle. Incremental type of Rotary Encoder (RE) is used in steering angle sensor on a minibus. RE specification used was 60 pulses per rotation and the minibus steering transmission specification is 3.5 round of right wheel off angle to the left wheel off angle. So we get the RE angular resolution 6ºper pulse and 105 number of pulses to half of the steering transmission ratio. Repeatability then tested against to a steering angle counter module. Testing is done with a test cycle consisting of 3 repetitions: condition center of the steering wheel, the steering wheel is turned to full right, then to the full left, then back to the right up to the steering wheel center. The results obtained 2 pulses deviation, or equivalent to 12º of steering angle.
Learning Efficiency of Consciousness System for Robot Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Shoubaky Osama , Sharari Tala M.
Published: January 2015

This paper presents learning efficiency of a consciousness system for robot using artificial neural network. The proposed conscious system consists of reason system, feeling system and association system. The three systems are modeled using Module of Nerves for Advanced Dynamics (ModNAD). Artificial neural network of the type of supervised learning with the back propagation is used to train the ModNAD. The reason system imitates behaviour and represents self-condition and other-condition. The feeling system represents sensation and emotion. The association system represents behaviour of self and determines whether self is comfortable or not. A robot is asked to perform cognition and tasks using the consciousness system. Learning converges to about 0.01 within about 900 orders for imitation, pain, solitude and the association modules. It converges to about 0.01 within about 400 orders for the comfort and discomfort modules. It can be concluded that learning in the ModNAD completed after a relatively small number of times because the learning efficiency of the ModNAD artificial neural network is good. The results also show that each ModNAD has a function to imitate and cognize emotion. The consciousness system presented in this paper may be considered as a fundamental step for developing a robot having consciousness and feelings similar to humans.
Adhesion Detection Analysis by Modeling Rail Wheel Set Dynamics under the Assumption of Constant Creep Coefficient
Authors: Soomro Zulfiqar Ali
Published: January 2015

Adhesion level control is very necessary to avoid slippage of rail wheelset and track from derailment for smoothing running of rail vehicle. In this paper the proper dynamics of wheelset for velocities acting in three dimensions of wheelset and rail track has been discussed along with creep forces on each wheel in longitudinal, lateral and spin directions has been enumerated and computed for suitable modeling. The concerned results have been simulated by Matlab code to observe the correlation of this phenomenon to compare creepage and creep forces for detecting adhesion level. This adhesion identification is recognized by applying coulomb’s law for sliding friction by comparing tangential and normal forces through co-efficient of friction
Looking Beyond School Walls: An Environmental Scan of Minneapolis Public Schools, 2004-2008
Authors: Alexander Nicola A. , Choi Wonseok
Published: January 2015

We provide an expanded environmental scan to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) faced by education communities. Grounded in the literature, we identified 48 indicators and grouped them into 6 broad categories: (1) budget levels, (2) funding patterns, (3) community needs, (4) external economic conditions, (5) political culture, and (6) children outcomes. We then created sub-categories for each of these six groupings based on whether the data came from school reports, non-school, governmental data, or not-for-profit entities. From these data, we developed a template with strategic guidelines for education leaders in varying environmental contexts. The discussion integrates school finance, fiscal condition analysis, leadership and organizational research to develop a framework that is then applied to the Minneapolis Public Schools for school years 2004 through 2008. The retrospective examination supports the utility of the strategic guidelines offered in the framework. Education leaders found a mixed educational climate in Minneapolis Public Schools for the years examined. There was cause for concern in the declining revenues for children services by other governmental agencies and increasing numbers of schools not making annual yearly progress. However, there were also opportunities apparent in the number of schools that offered International Baccalaureate and other rigorous programs and the support of schools as indicated by passage of local referenda.
Learning from European Punishment Practices—and from Similar American Practices, Now and In the Past
Authors: Frase Richard S.
Published: January 2015

American jurisdictions seeking to reduce their heavy reliance on prison sentences should emulate European practices, but they should also learn from practices already found in some American states, and in all states at earlier times in our history. European countries make much less use of custodial sentences by employing alternatives such as prosecutorial diversion, fines and day fines as the sole sanction, suspended custodial sentences, and community service or training orders imposed as conditions of probation. These European practices should not be dismissed on the assumption that they are “too foreign”; each of them is well-known in the United States, and their use may be more common than we imagine. If we had better data on these practices – which we should – jurisdictions that aren’t often using them could learn from those that are. There may also be uniquely American practices that help to explain why some states have been able to maintain consistently low prison rates, or to lower their formerly high rates. One such practice is the use of sentencing guidelines combined with parole abolition, developed and monitored by an adequately funded independent sentencing commission, and matching prison use with available prison capacity. Finally, we should learn from our collective past; the United States has not always had extremely high “mass incarceration” rates, nor has it always had rates much higher than those in Europe. Americans should not accept, as the new normal, prison rates five times higher than those that prevailed for fifty years prior to the mid-1970s.
Innovating Corrections Across the Pond
Authors: Wasko Kellie R.
Published: January 2015

The Vera Institute of Justice, funded by the Prison Law Office, facilitated a project whose aim was to coordinate discussions between American and European policymakers about successful corrections policies and practices in the respective countries. The Colorado Department of Corrections was honored to be one of 3 state correctional teams to participate in this project. The teams spent 3 days in Germany and 3 days in the Netherlands in which much time was spent collaborating with Corrections officials to determine the practices of the respective countries and discussing best practice efforts. The significant differences in cultures affect not only the way the offenders are managed, but also the crimes that are committed in European countries. These variables were fascinating to the American Correctional counterparts as we explored the means by which European offenders are sentenced, managed during incarceration and reintegrated into their communities. The various American state agencies came back with innovative strategies to evolve the management of offenders in the United States – even to the point of challenging century old philosophies of imprisonment.
Lessons in Transforming Lives in Prison
Authors: Wetzel John
Published: January 2015

A group of corrections professionals from across America, including Pennsylvania’s Secretary of Corrections John E. Wetzel, toured several prisons in Germany and the Netherlands last year. Wetzel, a lifelong corrections professional, recently shared his observations: The prime directive in the European correctional system was simple: ensuring that incarceration would not further damage an individual. This philosophy impacted everything from placement decisions to the presumption of privacy and discipline for prison misconduct. Success for this environment includes making decisions for the use of incarceration, based solely on the risk and needs of offenders, as well as having a consistency of purpose between jail and supervision after they leave custody, and less likely to commit another crime. To maintain their unique environment for positive change, the Germans trained high-quality, professional staff with one goal: improving these individuals. Learning from the Europeans, Pennsylvania has started re-engineering our entire training system - shifting the focus to skills such as communication, motivational interviewing and conflict resolution. Additionally, transitional housing units have been added throughout our system, staffed by officers who can help prepare inmates for success after release. The key physical difference in facilities can be summed up in one word: density. A Pennsylvania institution for youthful offenders has five times the number of inmates as a comparative facility in Germany. While the European prison model is therefore significantly more costly, it can be achieved by having all decisions driven by the goal to create an environment conducive to improving the outcome of corrections.
An Insight into Uganda’s New Sentencing Guidelines
Authors: Kamuzze Juliet
Published: January 2015

The Ugandan Taskforce on developing sentencing guidelines recently drafted sentencing guidelines for Uganda, which were issued as practice directions by the Chief Justice to assist judges and magistrates in the sentencing decision making process. Like in many other jurisdictions, the sentencing guidelines have been developed to address the perceived existence of inconsistencies in sentencing of similarly placed offenders. This article offers the first insight into Uganda's new sentencing guideline reform. Part I offers some brief commentary on the nature of discretionary sentencing in Uganda. This is followed by a concise chronology of the historical origins of the guidelines, including a brief commentary on the Ugandan Supreme Court decision in the Kigula case that abolished the mandatory death penalty. This decision created a new era of discretionary capital sentencing in Uganda, which later precipitated the need for the development of the guidelines. The third section provides an insight into the main features of the sentencing guidelines, including the composition and mandate of the Ugandan Taskforce that drafted the sentencing guidelines and a brief commentary on the scope and contents of the guidelines. This section addresses some important weaknesses confronting the Uganda guidelines. The article suggests that the Ugandan Taskforce crafted the guidelines on a loose definition of consistency which has given consistency as the main goal of the guidelines a meaningless function. The article concludes that consistency would be given a meaningful function if Uganda's guidelines are modeled on a limiting retributivism justification.
The Pink-wheeled Bike—Takes Two, Three, and Four
Authors: Zapata-Sepúlveda Pamela , Reinertsen Anne Beate , Martin Montserrat , Gómez Aitor
Published: January 2015

This is a collaborative postdoctoral story. We were visiting scholars at the International Institute of Qualitative Inquiry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our stories are about the bike with the pink tires that we shared to ride around campus. We thought while we rode and reflected upon our different realities in our countries, our research work, and our dreams. We constituted a safe and inspiratory network, and this has had a positive impact on our lives. The bike with the pink tires leans calmly against the wall of the Armory building, guarding the gate, always welcoming us as we return from abroad.
Inoculation of Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) with Rhizobacterias in Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander
Authors: Carrillo Becerra Katherine , Colmenares Andreína , Ramírez Caicedo Lilian , Moreno Rozo Laura , Cárdenas Caro Diana
Published: January 2015

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent an alternative biofertilization form. In this study, was evaluated PGPR inoculation in cilantro plants. Likewise, was evaluated the practice of burning rice husk in soil preparation for crop establishment. An experimental design was used in a split plot where the main plots were soil preparation with burning rice husk and without burning rice husk with prior inoculation of Trichoderma sp. The subplots correspond to treatments with simple inoculation and co-inoculation of Azotobacter RzH120 and Azospirillum RzH132 and chemical and absolute control. Once the assumptions were tested in model residuals, normality, homogeneity of variance and randomness, an analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests by Tukey's test and principal component analysis technique was performed as size reduction. According to principal component analysis, the results showed a positive effect on the growth of plants inoculated with PGPR in the two plots with burning and without burning rice husk, however, the variable yield (P≤0.05). Also, it was found that the population of bacteria in the rhizosphere culture media NFb semisolid, Ashby and King B, was not favored by the burning of rice husks on the soil. Importantly, the results were obtained with the 30% decrease in the chemical fertilizer, which can reduce the use of these chemicals.
Influence of Maltodextrin and Spray Drying Process Conditions on Sugarcane Juice Powder Quality
Authors: Largo Ávila Esteban , Cortés Rodríguez Misael , Ciro Velásquez Héctor José
Published: January 2015

Food powder liquid extracts obtained from fruits and vegetables can be manufactured using spray drying technologies while maintaining the quality attributes that are required by the industrial sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin and spray drying process conditions on sugarcane juice powder. A central composite design was used with a response surface analysis of four factors: (A) maltodextrin (10-20%), (B) inlet air temperature (130-150 °C), (C) outlet air temperature (75-85 °C) and (D) atomization speed (22,000-26,000 rpm). Moisture, hygroscopicity, solubility, effective recovery and formation of deposits on the walls presented significant differences (P<0.05) with respect to all factors, while, for water activity, no statistical differences were observed. The optimization of the factors found for the drying operating conditions were: (A) 20%, (B) 130 °C, (C) 75 °C and (D) 22,000 rpm, respectively.
Efecto de la Adición de dos Tipos de Almidones en las Propiedades Texturales de Queso Análogo
Authors: Agudelo Chaparro Jacqueline , Sepúlveda Valencia José Uriel , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso
Published: January 2015

Se estudió el efecto que tienen dos tipos de almidón modificado, maíz ceroso y papa, en las propiedades texturales de un queso análogo con fibra prebiótica soluble. Se elaboraron quesos semiblandos, con humedad de 48%, reemplazando el 10% de proteína por los almidones modificados, dando lugar a tres tratamientos: Formulación control (FC), formulación maíz ceroso (FMC) y formulación papa (FP). Se observó que la adición de los almidones afecta significativamente (P<0,05) la dureza, la adhesividad, la gomosidad, la elasticidad y la masticabilidad del producto.
Contemporary Ornamental Gardens: Trans-Nationalisation, Landscaping and Biodiversity. An Exploratory Study in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Vélez Restrepo Luis Anibal , Herrera Villa Mauricio
Published: January 2015

The incorporation of ornamental vegetal species into public green areas is an important feature within the renewal and spreading processes in the urban landscape. In developing countries such as Colombia, there is a lack of studies aimed at analyzing the set of species used in the urban gardening, where do these species come from and their potential environmental impacts. The non-arboreal ornamental vegetation found in public gardens such as: medians, front gardens, parks, public institutions and private companies in the Southeastern area in Medellín was analyzed. Through statistical sampling it was possible to identify the floristic composition and the vegetation landscape features. Within 143 analyzed spaces, it was found predominance from non-native species. From 198 species, 158 are exotic species; from these exotic species 68 have been incorporated along the last 10 years. From the total, 93 are mentioned in the literature as species with a potential risk: invasive, urticant or toxic. The results allowed questioning the landscape activity compared to the plant material used. These results show the weakness or inefficiency of the environmental public policy about the species entry and propagation criteria and mechanisms control in nurseries. It is evident the need to go further in researches about ecologically functional native and exotic species within the city.
Distribution of Alloying Elements within the Constituent Phases of a C-containing γ-TiAl Based Alloy studied by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Klein Thomas , Mendez-Martin Francisca , Schachermayer Michael , Rashkova Boryana , Clemens Helmut , Mayer Svea
Published: January 2015

The distribution of alloying elements in the constituent phases of a C-containing γ-TiAl based alloy has been characterized locally by atom probe tomography. The major elements of the alloy under consideration – Ti, Al, Nb, and Mo – are distributed uniformly within each of the constituent phases. Furthermore, Mo is preferentially dissolved in the βo-phase, whereas Nb content is similar in all phases. The selected C concentration of the alloy is below the overall solubility limit as no precipitates have been observed. Therefore, C is enriched in the α2-phase, whereas the βo-phase is depleted of C. In addition, βo/γ-interfaces have been prepared by site specific sample preparation and characterized by atom probe tomography. Segregation of Mo and C into the interfaces and their close vicinity was observed.
Advanced intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys with improved microstructural stability during creep
Authors: Kastenhuber M. , Rashkova B. , Clemens H. , Mayer S.
Published: January 2015

Ensuring microstructural stability under technical relevant conditions is a determining criterion for the development of innovative high-temperature materials. In this work, the influ-ence of C and Si on the microstructural stability during creep exposure was investigated for a β-solidifying γ-TiAl based alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (in at.%), named TNM. With a two-step heat treatment a microstructure consisting of fine lamellar α2/γ-colonies, surrounded by βo-phase and areas of discontinuous precipitation, starting from the boundaries of the lamellar colonies, was adjusted. Creep tests were carried out to examine the potential of C and Si to prevent microstructural instability during creep and hence improving the creep properties. At 815 °C the discontinuous precipitation process of the TNM alloy continues during ensuing creep testing leading to a reduced creep resistance. In comparison, the minimum creep rate of the TNM-0.3C-0.3Si alloy was significantly decreased caused by the lower βo-phase content and average lamellar spacing within the α2/γ-colonies, the precipitation of p-Ti3AlC carbides and the retarded kinetics of discontinuous precipitation.
Minoritas według św. Franciszka z Asyżu w ujęciu chrystologicznym
Authors: Miszczyński Marek
Published: January 2015

Zakon założony przez Franciszka z Asyżu nieprzypadkowo otrzymał nazwę braci mniejszych. Nie pochodzi ona ani od koloru habitu, ani od miejsca założenia zakonu, ani od rodzaju posługi lub wykonywanej pracy (np. bracia szpitalni, zakon kaznodziejski, misjonarze), ale od sposobu bycia, od stylu życia. Określa go w istotnej mierze pojęcie minoritas. Tekst stanowi próbę dotarcia do tego, jak je rozumiał sam Franciszek. Rozważania prowadzone w perspektywie chrystologicznej kończą się następującymi wnioskami: bracia św. Franciszka mają być mniejsi, tzn.: służyć bez chęci dominowania nad innymi, rezygnować dobrowolnie z przysługujących im przywilejów, żyć bez szukania zabezpieczeń, ale zdając się na opatrzność Bożą, być gotowi do podejmowania takich czynności, które inni niechętnie wykonują, służyć z pokorą i miłością, starać się zajmować ostatnie miejsce w swoim środowisku, mieć świadomość własnej niekonieczności.
Słowo pełne blasku. Tytuł „Najwyższy” w pismach św. Franciszka z Asyżu
Authors: Rutkowska Paula
Published: January 2015

Tytuł „Najwyższy” jest jednym z najważniejszych określeń Boga obecnych w pismach Biedaczyny. To słowo uobecniające transcendencję i odzwierciedlające akty jego duchowych przeżyć; słowo świadectwo i słowo klucz do zrozumienia duchowego przesłania Stygmatyka z Asyżu. Określenie „Najwyższy” mówi o transcendencji i immanencji Boga zarazem. Franciszek wyraża nim, że nieskończony i niepojęty Stwórca jest mu bliski, obdarowuje go bezwarunkową miłością, która najpełniej wyraża się w szaleństwie krzyża i eucharystycznej kenozie. Słowo „Najwyższy” promieniuje obecnością Boga i oświetla drogę wszystkim dążącym do zjednoczenia z Nim. Bijący od niego blask, mający wiele przeróżnych odcieni, ukazuje nieskończone bogactwo Trójcy Świętej, fascynuje i otwiera na kontemplację.
La compassione di Francesco d’Assisi per gli altri e per il Creato
Authors: Juzba Krzysztof
Published: January 2015

Studium fenomenu współczucia u św. Franciszka z Asyżu został przeprowadzony na podstawie pism świętego. Franciszek zwraca się z zachętą do współczucia innym ludziom, jak i całemu stworzeniu. Swoje przesłanie kieruje przede wszystkim do podzielających wraz z ten styl przeżywania wiary, jaki on sam otrzymał od Najwyższego, a Kościół katolicki zatwierdził w Regule. Artykuł został podzielony na cztery części (Wizja człowieka w myśli św. Franciszka, Spotkanie z trędowatymi – odkrycie fenomenu współczucia, Współczucie wobec: ludzi chorych, biednych, braci, pogardzanych, wrogów; Zachowanie Franciszka wobec innych stworzeń). Ze studium pism Franciszka z Asyżu wynika, iż podstawową jego relacji do innych ludzi i pozostałych stworzeń było przede wszystkim doświadczanie miłości Boga we własnym życiu. Doświadczenie to wpływało na zarówno na jego sposób działania, jak i na uznanie godności człowieka jako dzieła Boga. Dla Franciszka cały człowiek (dusza i ciało) jest stworzony na obraz Boży, dlatego ciało ludzkie jest traktowane przez świętego jako środek do obecności Boga pośród ludzi. Ludzka cielesność jest sposobem bycia w świecie, wchodzenia w relacje z całym stworzeniem Najwyższego Boga. Współczucie u Franciszka rodzi się z kontemplacji Jezusa ubogiego i pokornego. Stąd bliskość Franciszka z ludźmi cierpiącymi, wzgardzonymi, braćmi chorymi, grzesznikami i wrogami. Wobec tych wszystkich ludzi Franciszek doświadczał współczucia, będącego wyrazem najwyższej miłości wobec bliźniego.
Morskie podróże św. Maksymiliana
Authors: Kijak-Sawska Aleksandra
Published: January 2015

W latach 1930–1936 św. Maksymilian Maria Kolbe odbył siedem większych (dwudziesto-, trzydziestodniowych) morskich podróży misyjnych, których celem było tworzenie placówek Niepokalanowa na Dalekim Wschodzie. Autorka artykułu postanowiła przyjrzeć się temu okresowi życia i działalności św. Maksymiliana ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problematyki morskich podróży. W artykule wykorzystano dzienniki i notatki o. Kolbego prowadzone na bieżąco w trakcie każdej z podróży. Analiza tych dokumentów pozwoliła poznać morskie doświadczenia polskiego misjonarza oraz specyfikę każdej z podróży. Autorka artykułu zidentyfikowała, na podstawie notatek o. Maksymiliana, każdy ze statków, którymi podróżował przyszły święty. Dotarła do szczegółowych informacji na temat każdego statku, badając archiwa (w wersji zdigitalizowanej) operatorów morskich (takich jak Lloyd Triestino, Messageries Maritimes, Osaka Yoshen Kaisha). Informacje te (np. dane techniczne statków, historie poszczególnych jednostek) wzbogaciły materiał z dzienników o. Maksymiliana. Niezaprzeczalnym walorem artykułu są dołączone do tekstu unikatowe zdjęcia statków, którymi podróżował św. Maksymilian.
Książę kardynał Adam Stefan Sapieha jako apostoł miłosierdzia w naszej ojczyźnie
Authors: Nowak Jan
Published: January 2015

Adam Stefan Sapieha żył w latach 1867–1951. Setna rocznica jego święceń biskupich jest okazją do przedstawienia jego religijnej i społecznej działalności. Jego wielką zasługą była umiejętność duchowego przygotowania do pomocy innym. Był najmłodszy z sześciorga rodzeństwa. Po ukończeniu gimnazjum odbył studia prawnicze w Wiedniu, a następnie w roku 1890 rozpoczął studia na wydziale teologicznym w Innsbrucku. Równocześnie był alumnem w seminarium lwowskim. W 1893 roku otrzymał święcenia kapłańskie. Po 18 latach przyjął sakrę biskupią i został pasterzem diecezji krakowskiej. Dzięki jego trosce Kraków został miastem miłosierdzia. Kardynał Sapieha dbał o kapłanów i wiernych swojej diecezji. Opieka nad najsłabszymi wypełniała jego codzienne życie. Tworzył komitety parafialne i walczył o poprawę życia najuboższych robotników. Ponadto zachęcał wiernych do jednoczenia się w organizacjach katolickich. Tworzył organizacje charytatywne pomagające ludziom dotkniętym przez katastrofy, wojnę i bezrobocie. Po II wojnie światowej kardynał Sapieha stał na czele Krajowej Centrali Caritas. Do końca życia angażował się w dzieło miłosierdzia i był autorytetem dla wszystkich, którzy chcieli podążać za jego przykładem.
Święty Jan Paweł II o duchowości laikatu
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech
Published: January 2015

Autor artykułu ukazuje wkład św. Jana Pawła II w rozumienie duchowości ludzi świeckich. Udowadnia, że nauczanie papieża na temat laikatu stanowi kontynuację nauczania Soboru Watykańskiego II, ale wnosi też nowe akcenty. Na podkreślenie zasługuje szczególny akcent położony na komunijny wymiar Kościoła. Autor omawia też udział świeckich w potrójnym urzędzie Chrystusa, inkarnacyjny wymiar duchowości laikatu i kwestię powszechnego powołania do świętości.
Biblijne podstawy teologii zaślubin z Bogiem – punkt wyjścia dla teologii małżeństwa
Authors: Knotz Ksawery
Published: January 2015

Artykuł przedstawia zarys teologii zaślubin człowieka z Bogiem. Włoski teolog Giorgio Mazzanti tworzy teologię zaślubin poprzez interpretację symbolu mężczyzny i kobiety na czterech poziomach znaczeń. Każde z tych znaczeń odsłania coraz pełniej Boską rzeczywistość. Stworzony przez Mazzantiego fundament dla teologii zaślubin obejmuje: określenie symbolu, dobór odpowiednich wydarzeń z Pisma Świętego i pokazanie związku między nimi zgodnie ze znaczeniem ustalonego symbolu. Te trzy elementy pozwalają Mazzantiemu na syntetyczne przedstawienie teologii małżeństwa połączonej z chrystologią, mariologią, sakramentologią, eschatologią i antropologią biblijną. Mazzanti nie interpretuje poszczególnych perykop biblijnych w sposób nowatorski, jednak kontekst wytworzony przez symbol łączący miłość Boga z miłością ludzką wprowadza pewną nowość w interpretację wydarzeń zbawczych.Według Mazzantiego symbolem, który pozwala rozpocząć drogę inicjacji w tajemnicę obecności Boga w życiu człowieka jest związek mężczyzny i kobiety. W trakcie historii zbawienia pojawiają się nowe odsłony znaczenia symbolu ukryte w pierwszym dosłownym znaczeniu. Odsłaniają one tajemnicę obecności Boga w życiu człowieka. Pojawia się nowa para: Jezus Chrystus, Syn Boga i Maria, Matka Boga, drugi Adam i druga Ewa. Ta para pozwala nam jeszcze głębiej odczytać tajemnicę Boga w życiu mężczyzny i kobiety. Kolejnym poziomem odczytania symbolu mężczyzny i kobiety jest Chrystus Oblubieniec i Kościół Oblubienica, którzy wprowadzają nas na ucztę weselną w niebie w miłosnym związku wszystkich świętych zaślubionych z Bogiem. Miłosna relacja mężczyzny i kobiety rozumiana jako symbol odsłaniający nam głębszą rzeczywistość może być interpretowana na nowych, coraz głębszych poziomach znaczeń. Taki przekaz można odnaleźć w symbolach: mężczyzna–kobieta; Adam–Ewa; Bóg–Lud Boży, Jezus–Maria, Syn–Matka; Oblubieniec–Oblubienica, Chrystus–Kościół, Bóg–zbawiona ludzkość.
John Paul II’s contribution to development of the Apostleship of the Sea
Authors: Pracz Edward
Published: January 2015

The point of this article was to present the continuity of John Paul II’s teaching with the teaching of his predecessors and, at the same time, what was novelty and contribution in the care of the Apostleship of the Sea. The contribution included organization of structures and essential documents to which those responsible for the Apostleship of the Sea may refer.
The large carpenter bee Xylocopa augusti (Hymenoptera: Apidae): New record for Chile
Authors: Montalva Jose Miguel , Allendes Juan L. , Lucia Mariano
Published: January 2015

The large carpenter bee Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841, is here recorded for the first time in Chile.  This new record increases to four the number of carpenter bees known for the country.  Host plant associations for X. augusti in Chile are provided.  A key to the species of Xylocopa Latreille in Chile as well as comments on the presence of X. (N.) bruesi Cockerell in the country are also presented.
A new species, Lasioglossum (Eickwortia) hienae, from Mexico (Apoidea: Halictidae)
Authors: Gibbs Jason , Dumesh Sheila
Published: January 2015

A new species from Colima, Mexico, Lasioglossum (Eickwortia) hienae Gibbs & Dumesh, new species, is described and illustrated.  Lasioglossum hienae is distinguished from related species based on a combination of morphological, geographical, and molecular evidence.  A species distribution model is used to predict the potential distribution of the known species of L. (Eickwortia).  An identification key is provided.
New Palearctic bee species of Protosmia subgenus Nanosmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Griswold Terry
Published: January 2015

Bees of the genus Protosmia subgenus Nanosmia are not well known.  Three new species are described and figured for both sexes: Protosmia (Nanosmia) hamulifera Griswold, new species, from the Arabian Peninsula, P. (N.) schwarzi Griswold, new species, from Morocco and Tunisia, and P. (N.) trifida Griswold, new species, from Turkey.  An updated diagnosis and new distributional records are provided for the recently described P. (N.) montana Müller.  The species is recorded for the first time from Turkey and Tadjikistan.