bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of clinically relevant orthotopic xenograft mouse model of metastatic lung cancer and glioblastoma through surgical tumor tissues injection with trocar
Authors: Fei Xi Feng , Zhang Quan Bin , Dong Jun , Diao Yi , Wang Zhi Min , Li Ru Jun , Wu Zi Cheng , Wang Ai Dong , Lan Qing , Zhang Shi Ming , Huang Qiang
Published: June 2010

Objective

Orthotopic models are important in cancer research. Here we developed orthotopic xenograft mouse model of metastatic lung cancer and glioblastoma with a specially designed system.

Methods

Tiny fragments of surgical tumors were implanted into the mice brain with a trocar system. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect brain tumor stem cells among glioblastoma tissues, including both the original and resulting ones with monoclonal antibody against CD133.

Results

Besides the constant high take rates in both models; brain transplants perfectly resembled their original tumors in biological behaviors. The brain tumor stem cells, positively stained with CD133 were found, though not frequently, in both original and resulting glioblastoma tissues.

Conclusions

Orthotopic model established with a trocar system is effective and injection of tumor tissues containing stem cells promise the forming of new tumor mass when grafted.
The effectiveness of educational practice in diabetic foot: a view from Brazil
Authors: Anselmo Maria I , Nery Marcia , Parisi Maria CR
Published: June 2010

Background

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevention and self-inspection behavior of diabetic subjects with foot at ulcer risk, no previous episode, who participated in the routine visits and standardized education provided by the service and who received prescribed footwear. This evaluation was carried out using a questionnaire scoring from 0-10 (high scores reflect worse practice compliance).

Results

60 patients were studied (30 of each sex); mean age was 62 years, mean duration of the disease was 17 years. As for compliance, 90% showed a total score ≤5, only 8.7% regularly wore the footwear supplied; self foot inspection 65%, 28,3% with additional familiar inspection; creaming 77%; proper washing and drying 88%; proper cutting of toe nails 83%; no cuticle cutting 83%; routine shoe inspection 77%; no use of pumice stones or similar abrasive 70%; no barefoot walking 95%.

Conclusion

the planned and multidisciplinary educational approach enabled high compliance of the ulcer prevention care needed in diabetic patients at risk for complications. In contrast, compliance observed for the use of footwear provided was extremely low, demonstrating that the issue of its acceptability should be further and carefully addressed. In countries of such vast dimensions as Brazil multidisciplinary educational approaches can and should be performed by the services providing care for patients with foot at risk for complications according to the reality of local scenarios. Furthermore, every educational program should assess the learning, results obtained and efficacy in the target population by use of an adequate evaluation system.
Estimating enrichment of repetitive elements from high-throughput sequence data
Authors: Day Daniel S , Luquette Lovelace J , Park Peter J , Kharchenko Peter V
Published: June 2010

We describe computational methods for analysis of repetitive elements from short-read sequencing data, and apply them to study histone modifications associated with the repetitive elements in human and mouse cells. Our results demonstrate that while accurate enrichment estimates can be obtained for individual repeat types and small sets of repeat instances, there are distinct combinatorial patterns of chromatin marks associated with major annotated repeat families, including H3K27me3/H3K9me3 differences among the endogenous retroviral element classes.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cancer
Authors: Stadler Zsofia K. , Thom Peter , Robson Mark E. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Kauff Noah D. , Hurley Karen E. , Devlin Vincent , Gold Bert , Klein Robert J. , Offit Kenneth
Published: June 2010

Knowledge of the inherited risk for cancer is an important component of preventive oncology. In addition to well-established syndromes of cancer predisposition, much remains to be discovered about the genetic variation underlying susceptibility to common malignancies. Increased knowledge about the human genome and advances in genotyping technology have made possible genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human diseases. These studies have identified many important regions of genetic variation associated with an increased risk for human traits and diseases including cancer. Understanding the principles, major findings, and limitations of GWAS is becoming increasingly important for oncologists as dissemination of genomic risk tests directly to consumers is already occurring through commercial companies. GWAS have contributed to our understanding of the genetic basis of cancer and will shed light on biologic pathways and possible new strategies for targeted prevention. To date, however, the clinical utility of GWAS-derived risk markers remains limited.
Rapid-Learning System for Cancer Care
Authors: Abernethy Amy P. , Etheredge Lynn M. , Ganz Patricia A. , Wallace Paul , German Robert R. , Neti Chalapathy , Bach Peter B. , Murphy Sharon B.
Published: June 2010

Compelling public interest is propelling national efforts to advance the evidence base for cancer treatment and control measures and to transform the way in which evidence is aggregated and applied. Substantial investments in health information technology, comparative effectiveness research, health care quality and value, and personalized medicine support these efforts and have resulted in considerable progress to date. An emerging initiative, and one that integrates these converging approaches to improving health care, is “rapid-learning health care.” In this framework, routinely collected real-time clinical data drive the process of scientific discovery, which becomes a natural outgrowth of patient care. To better understand the state of the rapid-learning health care model and its potential implications for oncology, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine held a workshop entitled “A Foundation for Evidence-Driven Practice: A Rapid-Learning System for Cancer Care” in October 2009. Participants examined the elements of a rapid-learning system for cancer, including registries and databases, emerging information technology, patient-centered and -driven clinical decision support, patient engagement, culture change, clinical practice guidelines, point-of-care needs in clinical oncology, and federal policy issues and implications. This Special Article reviews the activities of the workshop and sets the stage to move from vision to action.
The Art Society and the Making of Postcolonial Modernism in Nigeria
Authors: Okeke-Agulu Chika
Published: June 2010

This essay focuses on the work of the Art Society—a group formed by art students at the Nigerian College of Art, Science, and Technology, Zaria (1957–61)—and suggests that the work of its key members in the 1960s was the first significant manifestation of postcolonial modernism in Nigeria. Postcolonial modernism, the essay argues, refers to a set of formal and critical attitudes adopted by African and black artists at the dawn of political independence as a countermeasure against the threat of loss of self in the maelstrom unleashed by Western cultural imperialism and its aftermath. In defining their relationship with European and African artistic heritages, the Art Society and other postcolonial artists emphasized the importance of local and indigenous artistic resources in the making of their decidedly modernist work. The essay details the convening of the postcolonial literary and artistic avant-garde at the Mbari Artists and Writers Club, Ibadan, Nigeria, in the early 1960s and claims that their modernism was directly linked to the practice and rhetoric of political and cultural decolonization and sovereignty. Further, the essay argues that in recognizing and advocating the equal validity of the plastic and conceptual potential of indigenous African, non-Western, and European artistic traditions in the construction of the modern, the Art Society and its contemporaries testified to modernism's transnational and multicultural foundations. It suggests that the exploration of the historical implications of the encounter with multiple, sometimes contradictory logics of politics, art, and culture involves what the author describes as compound consciousness—the willful incorporation and critical resolution of the alienation and fragmented subjectivity produced by the colonial experience.
Ibrahim El Salahi and Calligraphic Modernism in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Dadi Iftikhar
Published: June 2010

Ibrahim El Salahi's art, situated between Islamic textuality, African plastic forms, and transnational modernism, is distinctive in developing an aesthetic of decolonization for the Sudan and much of Africa. However, it can be usefully compared with other modernist artists from the Muslim world, who, working in the diverse region that encompasses North Africa, the Middle East, and western and southern Asia between 1955 and 1975, contributed to a movement that transformed calligraphy into modern art. Mostly without direct knowledge of each other's work, El Salahi in the Sudan, Sadequain Naqqash in Pakistan, Charles-Hossein Zenderoudi in Iran, Shakir Hassan Al Sa'id in Iraq, and many others created a new aesthetic language of calligraphic figuration and abstraction. Their groundbreaking artistic projects can be understood in a variety of ways: as individual and subjective expressions, as enacting a dialogue with nationalism, and as a critical engagement with metropolitan modernism and cosmopolitanism. Their works also reconnect with the discursive tradition of Islam that cuts across temporality and geography, thereby propelling this body of work into the present. Their practices mapped local and regional referents together, and by sidestepping direct political motifs their work contributed to the rise of broader Muslim aspirations by furnishing aesthetic and affective templates. Having enacted textuality in pointedly “nonpolitical” articulations, the calligraphic modernist project has relayed its effects well into the present.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) in cellular processes: Focus on hnRNP E1's multifunctional regulatory roles
Authors: Chaudhury Arindam , Chander Praveen , Howe Philip H.
Published: June 2010

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) comprise a family of RNA-binding proteins. The complexity and diversity associated with the hnRNPs render them multifunctional, involved not only in processing heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) into mature mRNAs, but also acting as trans-factors in regulating gene expression. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1), a subgroup of hnRNPs, is a KH-triple repeat containing RNA-binding protein. It is encoded by an intronless gene arising from hnRNP E2 through a retrotransposition event. hnRNP E1 is ubiquitously expressed and functions in regulating major steps of gene expression, including pre-mRNA processing, mRNA stability, and translation. Given its wide-ranging functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm and interaction with multiple proteins, we propose a post-transcriptional regulon model that explains hnRNP E1's widespread functional diversity.
Design Development of Large Thermoplastic Chambers for Stormwater Retention
Authors: Bass Brent J. , McGrath Timothy J. , Mailhot David , Lim Keng-Wit
Published: June 2010

Thermoplastic chambers for stormwater retention applications have been in use for many years. One design, an arch-shaped chamber with a 51 in. nominal width and a 30 in. nominal height, has seen widespread acceptance. This paper reports on the development of a structural design for a similar chamber with a 76 in. nominal width and 45 in. nominal height. Development tasks included evaluation of stiffened corrugation designs to permit the use of larger corrugations, evaluation of arch stiffness and stub compression capacity of the chambers, and full-scale field tests of both welded prototype chambers and production chambers. The development program was focused on demonstrating that the chambers met the target safety levels of AASHTO specifications for shallow burial depths with live loads and for deep conditions.
Sperm DNA fragmentation induced by DNAse I and hydrogen peroxide: an in vitro comparative study among different mammalian species
Authors: Villani Paola , Eleuteri Patrizia , Grollino Maria Giuseppa , Rescia Michele , Altavista Pierluigi , Spanò Marcello , Pacchierotti Francesca , Cordelli Eugenia
Published: June 2010

Sperm DNA damage may have adverse effects on reproductive outcome. Sperm DNA breaks can be detected by several tests, which evaluate DNA integrity from different and complementary perspectives and offer a new class of biomarkers of the male reproductive function and of its possible impairment after environmental exposure. The remodeling of sperm chromatin produces an extremely condensed nuclear structure protecting the nuclear genome from adverse environments. This nuclear remodeling is species specific, and differences in chromatin structure may lead to a dissimilar DNA susceptibility to mutagens among species. In this study, the capacity of the comet assay in its two variants (alkaline and neutral) to detect DNA/chromatin integrity has been evaluated in human, mouse, and bull sperm. The hypothesis that chromatin packaging might influence the amount of induced and detectable DNA damage was tested by treating spermin vitrowith DNAse I, whose activity is strictly dependent upon its DNA accessibility. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to assess whether spermatozoa of the three species showed a different sensitivity to oxidative stress. DNAse I-induced damage was also assessed by the sperm chromatin structure assay and the TUNEL assay, and the performances of these two assays were compared and correlated with the comet assay results. Results showed a different sensitivity to DNAse I treatment among the species with human sperm resulting the most susceptible. On the contrary, no major differences among species were observed after H2O2treatment. Furthermore, the three tests show a good correlation in revealing sperm with DNA strand breaks.
Isolation of sox9 duplicates in catfish: localization, differential expression pattern during gonadal development and recrudescence, and hCG-induced up-regulation of sox9 in testicular slices
Authors: Raghuveer Kavarthapu , Senthilkumaran Balasubramanian
Published: June 2010

In vertebrates,sox9is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in testicular development and chondrogenesis. Here, we report cloning of isoforms ofsox9(sox9aandsox9b) from air-breathing catfishClarias gariepinus, which undergoes an annual reproductive cycle. Tissue distribution pattern showed differential expression ofsox9duplicates, wherein both forms were highly expressed in brain and gonads. Furthermore, we observed a dimorphic expression pattern ofsox9aandsox9bin both adult and developing gonads using RT-PCR, indicating thatsox9aretained its function in testis whilesox9bmight have a new role to play in ovary. Changes insox9mRNA levels using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) during the seasonal reproductive cycle revealed thatsox9atranscript in testis was abundant during testicular recrudescence (during spermatogenesis), and its expression significantly decreased during spawning and post-spawning phases. Furthermore, treatments of human chorionic gonadotropin and 11-ketotestosteronein vitroup-regulatedsox9amRNA levels in the testicular slices at 12 and 24 h time points, suggesting that gonadotropins might stimulatesox9expression. These results suggest thatsox9might have a plausible role in the entrainment of the testicular cycle. In contrast, during the ovarian cycle,sox9bmRNA levels gradually declined from preparatory to post-spawning phases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) data showed that, in testis,sox9is detectable in Sertoli and spermatogonial cell types except spermatid/spermatozoa. In the ovary, it is localized in the ooplasm of primary and pre-vitellogenic oocytes. These results were further confirmed by whole-mount IHC and qRT-PCR.
A tüdőrák új TNM-jének sebészi vonatkozásai
Authors: Csekeő Attila
Published: June 2010

Absztrakt

Az elmúlt évek alapkutatásainak fejlődése, új tumorellenes gyógyszerek felfedezése volt az alapja, hogy a tüdőrák TNM-rendszerét is revízió alá vegyék. Alátámasztotta az a hiányosság is, hogy a 6. kiadású TNM-klasszifikáció alacsony adatbázisra épült. Az IASLC kezdeményezésére egy multicentrikus elemzést indítottak, és biostatisztikai kiértékelést végeztek. Összesen 100869 eset gyűlt össze, amelyből 81015 volt értékelhető a követés során (NSCLC: 67725, SCLC: 13290). A változtatás igényét mind a T, N és M vonatkozásában előre meghatározták. A változtatásra tett ajánlatuk nagy adatbázis és a túlélési elemzés támasztja alá. Várható, hogy ez a változtatás kedvezően befolyásolja a kezelési algoritmust, ezáltal a betegek túlélését is.
Spontán nyelőcsőruptura komplikált esetének megoldása transgastricus drainage-zsal
Authors: Veres Lukács , Sz. Kiss Sándor , Kiss Regina , Enyedi Attila , Végh Tamás , Damjanovich László , Takács István
Published: June 2010

Absztrakt

A spontán nyelőcsőruptura kezelése magas morbiditással és mortalitással jár. Primer sebészeti ellátást követően számos szövődménnyel szembesülhetünk. Egy 29 éves Boerhaave-syndromás férfi beteg esetében a suturázott nyelőcsőszakasz insufficientiáját a stentelés sem oldotta meg, ezért transgastricus drainage-t alkalmaztunk. Ezzel lassan, fokozatosan letapadt a sérült terület, a beteg nem szorult újabb műtétre, nyelőcsövét meg lehetett őrizni. Strictura sem alakult ki. A transgastricus nyelőcsődrainage válogatott esetekben eredményes kezelési eszköz lehet.
Interspecific Mouthpart Length Variation and Floral Visitation in the Parasitic Wasp Genus Agathirsia (Braconidae: Agathidinae)
Authors: Pucci T M , Jones G D
Published: June 2010

Carbohydrate energy sources are known to be important for many adult parasitic wasps. Floral visitation is commonly observed, and in many groups specialized mouthpart morphology is associated with deep nectar extraction. In parasitic wasps, there are few data examining the relationship between host plant use and the length of the mouthparts. In an effort to associate mouthpart length to nectar source, pollen was identified from museum specimens of selected species of Agathirsia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Despite drastic differences in glossa length, the pollen of several species of Asteraceae were commonly found on specimens of various species. We infer that increased feeding efficiency, as opposed to nectar access, is the adaptive value of elongate glossae in Agathirsia. Species with short mouthparts, however, exhibited a difference from both the medium and long mouthpart categories in pollen similarity. This suggests that members of Agathirsia with elongated mouthparts are more apt to visit certain flowers compared with short-tongued species. Males and females exhibited considerable overlap of their common nectar sources and displayed similar pollen richness. Pollen richness was higher in species in the medium length category compared with the short category, but these results are confounded by the fact that the medium-length specimens were on average larger bodied.
Species Composition of Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in South Central Washington Vineyards
Authors: Wright Lawrence C , James David G , Reyna Victor , Castle Del Conte Sandra , Gingras Stacey , Landolt Peter , Brooks Tora
Published: June 2010

The major grape (Vitis spp.)-growing areas of Washington were surveyed during 2003–2007 to determine the cutworm species present as larvae in vineyards during spring when grape buds and young shoots were vulnerable to cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage. We sampled vineyard floors during daytime, vines at night because cutworms are active at night, and vines during the day. In total, 1,003 larvae were collected and 650 were reared to adults and identified. Twenty-five species were found: 22 on the ground, eight on vines at night, and two on vines during the day. Almost 75% of the cutworms on vines at night were Abagrotis orbis (Grote) and 19% were Agrotis vetusta Walker. The spotted cutworm, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were reported previously to be the major cutworm pests of grapes in Washington, but only four X. c-nigrum and no E. ochrogaster were collected. Abagrotis orbis larvae were collected on grapes at night from mid-March to late April. Adults emerged in the laboratory in mid-May, and they were present during the summer. Agrotis vetusta larvae were collected on grapes from 1 to 30 April. This species had a long prepupal period during the summer, followed by a pupal stadium of ≈3 wk. Mean adult emergence was in early August. Both species were univoltine, with mating and egg laying during the fall followed by overwintering as small larvae.
Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey José Luis , Medianero Enrique
Published: June 2010

Agastoroxenia panamensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, a new genus and species of inquiline oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from material reared from unidentified Andricus galls (Cynipini) on Quercus lancifolia Schltdl. & Cham. collected in Panama. The new genus is the first genus of inquiline oak gall wasps described from the Neotropics and the first species of this group recorded from Panama. The new genus is related to Saphonecrus and Synergus but differs from these genera mainly by the unique conformation of the male and female antenna.
Worker Size and Nest Defense in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Haight Kevin L
Published: June 2010

Workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), range in size from ≈0.5 to 1.5 mm in headwidth. Such size variation is thought to enable a more efficient division of labor, because some worker sizes may be better suited to performing particular tasks. Here, I focus on the task of nest defense, where efficiency and effectiveness may depend on having appropriately sized workers respond to particular types of threats. Specifically, I tested whether the size of responding workers differs between two magnitudes of nest disturbance (light, insect-like versus heavy, vertebrate-like), and I investigated how both sting length and the amount of venom workers contain, key defensive traits, vary with worker size. Workers responding to heavy, vertebrate-like nest disturbances were larger than those responding to light, insect-like disturbances. Between the light and heavy disturbances, the proportion of minor (small) workers responding dropped, whereas that of major (large) workers increased five-fold. Although the relationship between sting length and worker size is not directly proportional, the average sting length of majors is ≈0.20 mm (or 40%) greater than that of minors, with little overlap in range. The relationship between worker size and the amount of venom they contain is also positive. So, vertebrate-magnitude nest disturbances are met with greater proportions of large S. invicta workers than are insect-magnitude disturbances, and these larger workers bring with them longer stings and larger venom arsenals, which may increase their effectiveness against such relatively large, thicker-skinned threats.
Genetic Structure of Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) Populations in Anatolia: A Stable Rear Edge Population
Authors: Korkmaz E Mahir , Sari Musa , Başibüyük Hasan H
Published: June 2010

Anatolian populations inhabit the southern latitudinal margin of species distribution ranges and therefore may be considered as “rear edge” populations. The genetic structures of such populations have critical importance in species responses to climatic change and are essential for long-term conservation genetics. Here, the genetic structure of Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) populations in one of the main southern glacial refugium is investigated. Ten populations of C. parallelus from Anatolia have been studied by investigating single-copy nuclear DNA (Cpnl-1) fragment using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism methods. The level of allelic number was high (total of 20 alleles in the locus, of which 11 were unique), but the level of gene flow among populations seemed to be low (FIS = 0.090). However, most populations were genetically diverse (HE > 0.5, A = 6.211, and ne = 5.774). The level of genetic differentiation among populations was high (FST = 0.330). No statistically significant correlation between genetic diversity and spatial distribution was observed. The analysis of molecular variation analysis indicated that a large proportion of genetic variation was due to differentiation among individuals within populations. Genetic drift was a more likely cause of differentiation among populations rather than geographical distance. These results suggest that a presence of a “stable rear edge” population in contrary to the center-periphery model.
Reproductive Traits of Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Relation to Female and Male Body Size
Authors: Wade French B , Hammack Leslie
Published: June 2010

Diabrotica spp. are serious pests of maize, Zea mays L., and have evolved resistance to cultural and chemical management practices. Transgenic maize producing a rootworm-toxic protein derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner provides a new approach to Diabrotica spp. management. Its use requires a refuge of nontransgenic maize to produce susceptible beetles able to mate with any resistant individuals developing on the transgenic variety to slow the evolution of resistance. Such evolution may simultaneously affect fitness related traits such as longevity, fecundity, and body size. We examined the mating behavior and reproductive biology of Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence in relation to male and female body size. Large and small males were reciprocally paired to large and small females for comparison with average sized beetles. Neither the proportion of pairs that copulated nor the precopulation duration varied significantly with size category; however, the duration of copulation was shortest for large males crossed with small females and longest for the reciprocal cross. Large females lived the longest regardless of mating partner. Although small females mated to small males tended to lay the fewest eggs, size category did not significantly affect egg numbers per week of life during a 12-wk oviposition period. Egg production peaked during the first 4 to 5 wk and then steadily declined. These results suggest that resistance to transgenic maize, if associated with small body size, could provide a reproductive disadvantage for resistant females but not males that could prolong efficacy of the transgenic maize.
Molecular Evidence from a Parasitoid Wasp, Schlettererius cinctipes (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae), for a North American West-to-East Transcontinental Conduit for Wood-Boring Insects
Authors: Johansen Kacie J , Sharkey Michael J , Fisher J Ray
Published: June 2010

Until recently, Schlettererius cinctipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) has been restricted to western North America. Since 1996, three specimens of S. cinctipes have been found in the eastern United States (Kentucky and Virginia). To determine whether these specimens represent recent introductions from the west, cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA and one region of 28s rDNA were examined, and pairwise distances were compared. Our results indicate the three specimens represent separate introductions from the west. Because S. cinctipes is a parasitoid of wood-boring insects, these conclusions indicate the ease and frequency with which wood-boring insects are transported across the United States.
Development and Age-Specific Mortality of Diamondback Moth on Brassica Host Plants: Pattern and Causes of Mortality Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Soufbaf Mahmoud , Fathipour Yaghoub , Karimzadeh Javad , Zalucki Myron P
Published: June 2010

The development and mortality of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were studied in laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h on 10 canola cultivars: ‘SLM046,’ ‘Opera,’ ‘Okapi,’ ‘RGS003,’ ‘Modena,’ ‘Sarigol,’ ‘Zarfam,’ ‘Licord,’ ‘Hayula420,’ and ‘Talaye.’ Larvae successfully survived on all host plants. The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 15.03 ± 0.15 d on Hayula420 to 16.65 ± 0.29 d on Opera, with a larval period ranging from 7.67 to 8.91 d on these cultivars. Adult female longevity was longest on Hayula420 without any supplemental food. Life table entropy values (H < 0.5) indicated Deevey's type I survivorship curve; however, the value of 0.541 on Hayula420 (H > 0.5) corresponded to type III. Major mortality parameters such as fraction of original cohort dying between successive days of age, death frequency (dx) of immature P. xylostella, average daily mortality (), and central death rate (mx) were evaluated on canola cultivars and indicated that the highest mx occurred on RGS003, with relatively low potential of population growth, on fifth day of life when the pest is in early larval stages (Ll and L2). The early instars are the most susceptible stages and suffer the highest cause-specific mortality under laboratory conditions.
Unusual Life History Traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Inhabiting Nepenthes Pitchers
Authors: Mogi Motoyoshi
Published: June 2010

Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) dybasi Bohart of Palau and Aedes (S.) maehleri Bohart of Yap, Micronesia, were observed in the laboratory. These species are unique in the subgenus Stegomyia in that they use pitchers of a carnivorous plant, Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, as larval habitats. Traits of Ae. dybasi were compared with two sympatric, container-breeding species, Aedes (S.) palauensis Bohart, a probable ancestor of Ae. dybasi, and Aedes (S.) hensilli Farner. Life history traits of Ae. dybasi differ distinctly from those of Ae. palauensis and Ae. hensilli in egg and adult stages as well as in the larva. The female is autogenous and lays a few but extremely large eggs that can neither resist desiccation nor postpone hatch. The latter two species take blood and produce many smaller eggs with desiccation resistance as usual in Stegomyia. Developmental time of eggs was shorter in Ae. dybasi, whereas that for larvae and pupae was longer. Ae. maehleri differs from other Stegomyia species in its early copulation, where males copulate with newly emerging females on the water surface. Females neither are autogenous nor take blood from human hands. Nepenthes pitchers that provide mosquito larvae with a unique environment could contribute to studying either converging or diverging patterns in mosquito evolution under phylogenic potential and constraints after acquisition of a new larval habitat.
Measuring Circulating miRNAs: The New “PSA” for Breast Cancer?
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2010

The article comments on Heneghan et al.'s analysis of the use of microRNAs as diagnostic tools in breast cancer.
Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Harms Caused by Partner Stalking
Authors: Logan TK , Walker Robert
Published: June 2010

This study examined stalking prevalence, patterns, and harm among 210 women with civil protective orders (PO) against violent male partners or ex-partners. Results suggest that stalking is associated with PO violations and almost every other type of partner violence. Also, women who have been stalked by violent partners report significantly more distress and harm than even women who experience PO violations but not stalking. Results of key informant perceptions suggest many victim service (n = 116) and criminal justice professionals (n = 72) do not seem to understand the extent or gravity of the harms caused by partner stalking especially when contrasted with victim reports of harm. Furthermore, key informant reports of their advice to women being stalked by an ex-partner were not consistent with recommendations for stalking victims in general.
The Effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Victims of Interparental Violence
Authors: Timmer Susan G. , Ware Lisa M. , Urquiza Anthony J. , Zebell Nancy M.
Published: June 2010

This study compares the effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in reducing behavior problems (e.g., aggression, defiance, anxiety) of 62 clinic-referred, 2- to 7-year-old, maltreated children exposed to interparental violence (IPV) with a group of similar children with no exposure to IPV (N = 67). Preliminary analyses showed that IPV-exposed dyads were no more likely to terminate treatment prematurely than non IPV-exposed dyads. Results of repeated-measures MANCOVAs showed significant decreases in child behavior problems and caregivers’ psychological distress from pre- to posttreatment for IPV-exposed and IPV nonexposed groups, and no significant variation by exposure to IPV. Stress in the parent role related to children’s difficult behaviors and the parent–child relationship decreased from pre- to posttreatment, but parental distress did not decrease significantly over the course of PCIT. Results of an analysis testing the benefits of a full course of treatment over the first phase of treatment showed that dyads completing the full course of treatment reported significantly greater improvements in children’s behavior problems than those receiving only the first phase of treatment.
Classes of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Women’s Adult Couple Relationships
Authors: Watson Bronwyn , Halford W. Kim
Published: June 2010

The current study assessed if childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be meaningfully classified into classes, based on the assumption that abuse by a close family member differs in important ways from other abuse, and whether abuse classes were differentially associated with couple relationship problems. The childhood experiences and adult relationships of 1,335 Australian women (18–41 years) were assessed. Latent class analysis identified three classes of CSA: that perpetrated by a family member, friend, or stranger, which differed markedly on most aspects of the abuse. Family abuse was associated with the highest risk for adult relationship problems, with other classes of CSA having a significant but weaker association with adult relationship problems. CSA is heterogeneous with respect the long-term consequences for adult relationship functioning.
Preventing Interpersonal Violence in Emergency Departments: Practical Applications of Criminology Theory
Authors: Henson Billy
Published: June 2010

Over the past two decades, rates of violence in the workplace have grown significantly. Such growth has been more prevalent in some fields than others, however. Research shows that rates of violence against healthcare workers are continuously among the highest of any career field. Within the healthcare field, the overwhelming majority of victims of workplace violence are hospital employees, with those working in emergency departments (EDs) experiencing the lion’s share of violent victimization. Though this fact is well-known by medical researchers and practitioners, it has received relatively little attention from criminal justice researchers or practitioners. Unfortunately, this oversight has severely limited the use of effective crime prevention techniques in hospital EDs. The goal of this analysis is to utilize techniques of situational crime prevention to develop an effective and easily applicable crime prevention strategy for hospital EDs.
Petrology and K-Ar chronology of the Neogene-Quaternary Middle Atlas basaltic province, Morocco
Authors: El Azzouzi M’hammed , Maury René C. , Bellon Hervé , Youbi Nasrrddine , Cotten Joseph , Kharbouch Fatima
Published: June 2010

The Middle Atlas basaltic province is the largest and youngest volcanic field in Morocco. A hundred well-preserved strombolian cones and maars emitted numerous mafic lava flows, which cover a surface of ca. 960 km2. The study of 103 samples from these volcanic units allows us to distinguish four lava types, to map their distribution, to provide new K-Ar ages and to discuss their petrogenesis on the basis of their petrologic and geochemical (major and trace element) features. Nephelinites represent only 1.2% of the total surface of volcanic units; they are scattered all over it as small monogenic volcanoes built during the Middle and Late Miocene (16.25-5.87 Ma) and the Plio-Quaternary (3.92-0.67 Ma). The three other types are exclusively Plio-Quaternary (3.77-0.60 Ma). Basanites cover 22.5% of the volcanic field area, and generally overlie the more widespread alkali basaltic flows (68.5% of the plateau surface). Finally, subalkaline basalts form the El Koudiate cone and associated flows (7.8% of the surface of the volcanic units) and their origin is ascribed to contamination of alkali basaltic magmas by the upper continental crust. We show that nephelinites, basanites and alkali basalts derive from temporally increasing but small degrees of partial melting of variably enriched spinel– and garnet-bearing peridotites from the base of the North-African lithospheric mantle, at depths of ca. 70 km. Partial melting was caused by an asthenospheric uprise, which induced dehydration melting of parga-site-bearing enriched peridotites, metasomatised during an earlier Cenozoic plume-related magmatic event.
A new Titanosaur genus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of southern France and its paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Garcia Géraldine , Amico Sauveur , Fournier Francois , Thouand Eudes , Valentin Xavier
Published: June 2010

A new titanosaur, Atsinganosaurus velauciensis, gen. and sp. nov. is described from well-preserved remains from the new Upper Cretaceous locality of Velaux-La Bastide Neuve (Aix-en-Provence Basin, France). This taxon is mainly diagnosed by a combination of characters, which differentiates it without ambiguity from other European Late Cretaceous taxa (Lirainosaurus, Ampelosaurus and Magyarosaurus). Atsinganosaurus confirms the presence in western Europe during the latest Cretaceous of a third titanosaurian species, slender and less derived which allows us to better understand the evolutionary and paleobiogeographical history of this group during the Cretaceous.
An Instructional Design Using the Virtual Ecological Pond for Science Education in Elementary Schools
Authors: Tarng Wernhuar , Ou Kuo-Liang , Tsai Wen-Shin , Lin Yu-Si , Hsu Chen-Kai
Published: June 2010

Ecological ponds can be a good teaching tool for science teachers, but they must be built and maintained properly to provide students with a safe and suitable learning environment. However, many schools do not have the ability to build and maintain an ecological pond. This study used virtual reality technology to develop a web-based virtual ecological pond, supported by situated learning theory and the instructional design of “Aquatic Life” learning unit. Elementary students can explore in the virtual ecological pond to observe aquatic plants and animals for obtaining important concepts of aquatic ecology. A teaching experiment was conducted to investigate the learning effectiveness of this instructional design, and the results showed that using the virtual ecological pond could improve students' critical-thinking ability. Most students found the virtual ecological pond interesting and easy to use, so it is helpful to learning aquatic life and ecological conservation.
Applying Economics Using Interactive Learning Modules
Authors: Goma Ophelia D.
Published: June 2010

This article describes the use of web-based, interactive learning modules in the principles of economics course. The learning modules introduce students to important, historical economic events while providing real-world application of the economic theory presented in class. Each module is designed to supplement and complement the economic theory development of standard introductory textbooks. The learning modules apply a variety of technological tools including Dreamweaver and Javascript to create the website, Macromedia Flash to build the interactive learning components, Fireworks for the graphic designs and I-Movies for the video clips. The fusion of economic theory, historical examples, and technology results in virtual laboratory modules as economics is explored through timelines, movable graphics, data explorations, audio and video clips, slide shows, games, and other interactive tasks.
Imagery Interference Diminishes in Older Adults: Age-Related Differences in the Magnitude of the Perky Effect
Authors: Craver-Lemley Catherine , Bornstein Robert F. , Alexander Danielle N. , Barrett Anna M.
Published: June 2010

Studies have documented the negative effects of mental imagery on perception (also known as the Perky effect) in younger adults, but imagery-interference effects in older adults have never been assessed. Two experiments examined this issue directly. Experiment 1 demonstrated that visual mental images diminish visual acuity in younger adults (mean age = 19.0) but not older adults (mean age = 73.6). Experiment 2 obtained parallel results, showing that visual imagery interfered with performance on a visual detection task in younger (mean age = 18.7) but not older adults (mean age = 66.7). Processes underlying age-related differences in imagery-interference effects are discussed and implications of these results for changes in cognitive performance in older adults are considered.
Mediating Effects of Social and Personal Religiosity on the Psychological Well Being of Widowed Elderly People
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Ibrahim Rahimah , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Yahaya Nurizan
Published: June 2010

Spousal death is one the most stressful life events that seriously affects the psychological well being of widowed. This study examined the mediating effects of social and personal religiosity on the psychological well being of widowed elderly people. The sample for this study was comprised of 1367 widowed and married elderly Muslims from Malaysia. Psychological well being, religiosity, and physical health were measured using WHO-5 Well being Index, Intrinsic Extrinsic religiosity scale, and a checklist of 16 physical health problems, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version-13). As expected, bivariate correlation analysis revealed that widowhood is statistically and negatively associated with psychological well being. Results of multiple hierarchical regression analyses and Sobel test showed that only the indirect effect of widowhood through personal religiosity was statistically significant (Sobel = −2.79, p < .01). Sobel test for social religiosity was not significant (Sobel = −1.54, p > .05). The results of this study confirmed earlier studies, which found that widowhood negatively affects psychological well being of elderly people. Overall, the findings show that the potential solace provided by religiosity can decrease the negative effects of widowhood on the psychological well being of widowed elderly people.
Response of the American Accounting Association Task Force to the AICPA’s Proposed Revision of Ethics Ruling No. 2
Authors: Bagranoff Nancy , Bedard Jean C. , Finn Don W. , Glover Steven M. , Kinney William R. , Solomon Ira , Stocks Kevin
Published: June 2010

SUMMARY: Recently, the Professional Ethics Executive Committee (PEEC) of the AICPA released an exposure draft proposing changes in professional standards regarding release of client data. The proposal would prohibit disclosure of “confidential client information” to third parties without client permission, even if unidentifiable. This article outlines the comments of an American Accounting Association (AAA) Task Force convened to analyze the proposal. The Task Force was concerned that the proposed ruling would impede audit research and sharing of audit-process-related information about unidentified (and unidentifiable) clients in the classroom—either of which would be contrary to the interests of the profession and the public.
Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men
Authors: Buxton Orfeu M. , Pavlova Milena , Reid Emily W. , Wang Wei , Simonson Donald C. , Adler Gail K.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. The effects of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity have not been established. This study tests the hypothesis that decreasing nighttime sleep duration reduces insulin sensitivity and assesses the effects of a drug, modafinil, that increases alertness during wakefulness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This 12-day inpatient General Clinical Research Center study included 20 healthy men (age 20–35 years and BMI 20–30 kg/m2). Subjects spent 10 h/night in bed for ≥8 nights including three inpatient nights (sleep-replete condition), followed by 5 h/night in bed for 7 nights (sleep-restricted condition). Subjects received 300 mg/day modafinil or placebo during sleep restriction. Diet and activity were controlled. On the last 2 days of each condition, we assessed glucose metabolism by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Salivary cortisol, 24-h urinary catecholamines, and neurobehavioral performance were measured.

RESULTS

IVGTT-derived insulin sensitivity was reduced by (means ± SD) 20 ± 24% after sleep restriction (P = 0.001), without significant alterations in the insulin secretory response. Similarly, insulin sensitivity assessed by clamp was reduced by 11 ± 5.5% (P < 0.04) after sleep restriction. Glucose tolerance and the disposition index were reduced by sleep restriction. These outcomes were not affected by modafinil treatment. Changes in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with changes in salivary cortisol (increase of 51 ± 8% with sleep restriction, P < 0.02), urinary catecholamines, or slow wave sleep.

CONCLUSIONS

Sleep restriction (5 h/night) for 1 week significantly reduces insulin sensitivity, raising concerns about effects of chronic insufficient sleep on disease processes associated with insulin resistance.
Immune Cell–Derived C3 Is Required for Autoimmune Diabetes Induced by Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin
Authors: Lin Marvin , Yin Na , Murphy Barbara , Medof M. Edward , Segerer Stephan , Heeger Peter S. , Schröppel Bernd
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

The complement system contributes to autoimmune injury, but its involvement in promoting the development of autoimmune diabetes is unknown. In this study, our goal was to ascertain the role of complement C3 in autoimmune diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Susceptibility to diabetes development after multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment in wild-type (WT) and C3-deficient mice was analyzed. Bone marrow chimeras, luminex, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were performed to evaluate the phenotypic and immunologic impact of C3 in the development of this diabetes model.

RESULTS

Coincident with the induced elevations in blood glucose levels, we documented alternative pathway complement component gene expression within the islets of the diabetic WT mice. When we repeated the experiments with C3-deficient mice, we observed complete resistance to disease, as assessed by the absence of histologic insulitis and the absence of T-cell reactivity to islet antigens. Studies of WT chimeras bearing C3-deficient bone marrow cells showed that bone marrow cell–derived C3, and not serum C3, is involved in the induction of diabetes in this model.

CONCLUSIONS

The data reveal a key role for immune cell–derived C3 in the pathogenesis of murine multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes and support the concept that immune cell mediated diabetes is in part complement-dependent.