bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum Preserving Tilings Enable Sparse and Modular Reference Indexing
Authors: Fan Jason , Khan Jamshed , Pibiri Giulio Ermanno , Patro Rob
Published: April 2023

The reference indexing problem for $$k$$-mers is to pre-process a collection of reference genomic sequences $$\mathcal {R}$$ so that the position of all occurrences of any queried $$k$$-mer can be rapidly identified. An efficient and scalable solution to this problem is fundamental for many tasks in bioinformatics.

In this work, we introduce the spectrum preserving tiling (SPT), a general representation of $$\mathcal {R}$$ that specifies how a set of tiles repeatedly occur to spell out the constituent reference sequences in $$\mathcal {R}$$. By encoding the order and positions where tiles occur, SPTs enable the implementation and analysis of a general class of modular indexes. An index over an SPT decomposes the reference indexing problem for $$k$$-mers into: (1) a $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping; and (2) a tile-to-occurrence mapping. Recently introduced work to construct and compactly index $$k$$-mer sets can be used to efficiently implement the $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping. However, implementing the tile-to-occurrence mapping remains prohibitively costly in terms of space. As reference collections become large, the space requirements of the tile-to-occurrence mapping dominates that of the $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping since the former depends on the amount of total sequence while the latter depends on the number of unique $$k$$-mers in $$\mathcal {R}$$.

To address this, we introduce a class of sampling schemes for SPTs that trade off speed to reduce the size of the tile-to-reference mapping. We implement a practical index with these sampling schemes in the tool . When indexing over 30,000 bacterial genomes, reduces the size of the tile-to-occurrence mapping from 86.3 GB to 34.6 GB while incurring only a 3.6$$\times $$ slowdown when querying $$k$$-mers from a sequenced readset.

Availability: is implemented in Rust and available at https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/pufferfish2.
Materialisierte Gerichtsverfahren: Der Prozess der Vergegenständlichung historischer Akten in Pitavalgeschichten zwischen law in literature und material philology
Authors: Speth Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Untersucht wird die ‚Vergegenständlichung‘ authentischer Akten in den Causes célèbres Gayots de Pitaval. Die Verbindung von historisch Wahrem und deviant Wunderbarem erweist sich als geeignetes Material, um spannende Unterhaltung mit aufklärerischer Unterweisung zu verbinden. Ein Publikum aus angehenden Fachgelehrten und juristischen Laien erhält so Einblick in die ansonsten verschlossene Sphäre des schriftlichen Inquisitionsprozesses. Dabei ist Gayots Vorgehen nach den jeweils aufgegriffenen Textsorten des Rechtswesens und der Justiz eigens zu differenzieren. Der wörtlichen Übernahme gerichtlicher Urteile steht der freie Zugriff auf anwaltliches Schrifttum gegenüber. Formt Gayot seine Erzählungen insgesamt angelehnt an die rechtspraktische Form der ‚Relation‘, tritt bei der verlegerischen Umsetzung in Buchform eine technische Dimension der ‚Vergegenständlichung‘ hinzu. Die Analyse anhand der erweiterten Ausgabe von Guillaume Cavelier (Causes célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugemens qui les ont décidées. Guillaume Cavelier, Paris, 1735) und einer anonymen deutschen Übersetzung (Causes Celebres, oder Erzählung sonderbarer Rechtshändel, sammt deren gerichtlichen Entscheidung. Gottfried Kiesewetter, Leipzig, 1747) steht damit am Schnittpunkt von law in literature und material philology. Betont die verlegerische mise en livre dieser frühen Ausgaben die Agonalität der Prozesse und legt einen intendierten Gebrauch gerade auch durch Juristen nahe, unterstützt die typographische Gestaltung späterer Bearbeitungen die erzählerische Stringenz. Jedoch lässt sich für die Fassung von François Richer (Causes célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugemens qui les ont décidées. Rédigées de nouveau. Michel Rhey, Amsterdam, 1772) und deren von Friedrich Schiller herausgegebenen Übersetzung (Merkwürdige Rechtsfälle als ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Menschheit. Nach dem Französischen Werk des Pitaval durch mehrere Verfasser ausgearbeitet und mit einer Vorrede begleitet herausgegeben von [Friedrich] Schiller. Christian Heinrich Cuno’s Erben, Jena, 1792) nur bedingt von einer ‚Literarisierung‘ sprechen. Eher reagieren sie auf die Reformen des Strafrechts in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Recht und Literatur werden von einer Ausgabe zur nächsten semantisch wie buchgestalterisch jeweils aufs Neue ins Verhältnis gesetzt.
Vergegenständlichungsprozesse von Recht und Literatur bei J. D. H. Temme
Authors: Blödorn Andreas , Ueberfeldt Johannes
Published: April 2023

Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme steht mit seiner doppelten Profession als Jurist und Lehrbuchautor sowie als (Kriminal-)Schriftsteller paradigmatisch für die wechselseitige Bezugnahme von Recht und Literatur. Der Beitrag geht diesen Vergegenständlichungen nach, um die Interrelation beider Aspekte für Temmes Gesamtwerk an einigen Beispielen auszuloten. Recht wird bei Temme Gegenstand von Literatur sowohl auf einer diegetisch-fiktionalen, als auch einer realweltlich-rechtsreflexiven Ebene. Literatur hingegen wird Gegenstand des Rechts nur auf indirekte Weise, indem innerhalb von Rechtstexten partiell Stil, Rhetorik und Argumentationsweise ‚umgeschaltet‘ werden, wenn es um die Konkretisierung beispielhafter Fallkonstellationen geht. Wenn Temmes literarische Texte innerhalb ihrer Diegese Recht und Gesetz thematisieren, so tun sie dies vor allem in einer reflektierenden und diskursivierenden Weise, um ‚blinde Flecken‘ und mögliche Justiz-Irrtümer aufzuzeigen.
Markt, Materialität, Buch: Die Vergegenständlichung von Literatur in der Ökonomik
Authors: Schüler Lena
Published: April 2023

Bücher werden auf Märkten publiziert und entsprechend als Ware zwischen Anbietern und Nachfragern gehandelt, wodurch die Materie ‚Literatur‘ zum Gegenstand komplexer wirtschaftlicher Interaktionen und Prozesse sowie (potenziell) Marktregularien wird. Die Existenz von Buchmärkten bewirkt regelmäßig Prozesse der Vergegenständlichung von Literatur durch die Ökonomie als Wissenschaft, wobei sich die Materialität bei der forschungszweckgebundenen Übersetzung eines (zu erklärenden) sozialen Phänomens in ein mathematisches oder ökonometrisches Modell manifestiert. Während sich die Literatur als Ware sowohl als physisches Buch als auch als E-Book in der theoretischen Ökonomik vorwiegend mit seinen fixen und/oder variablen Kosten auf der Anbieterseite eines Buchmarktes vergegenständlicht, materialisiert sich das Buch in der empirischen Ökonomik auf unterschiedliche Weise mit seinen spezifischen Produkteigenschaften als abhängige oder unabhängige Modellvariable.
Spatial Analysis of Villages in Jilin Province Based on Space Syntax and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Deli , Wang Keqi
Published: April 2023

The development of machine learning technology gives architects and urban planners a new tool that can be used for research and design. The topic of this paper is to analyze the rural space of Jilin Province with the machine learning algorithms and space syntax theory, and to obtain the inherent formation and development laws of rural spatial forms, which can be used as a reference and evaluation system for subsequent rural development, and also can emphasize the locality and continuity of rural development. First, based on geographic information data, researching the connection between the distribution of villages and geographic data at a macro level and to classify them. Then, from each category, selecting one township and use all villages in its area as samples for the more specific study. Spatial features of individual village are extracted based on space syntax theory, and representative spatial features which can as feature values for cluster analysis are selected through comparative analysis. Then classify villages from high-dimensional data and explore their type characteristics. Finally, we hope the result of this study can help provide useful theoretical references for rural construction and nature conservation in the future.
Simulation Algorithm Based on Weathered Rock Morphology and Optimization Algorithm for Design Applications
Authors: Ye Wei , Zhao Xiayu , Xu Weiguo
Published: April 2023

The rich organic pore spaces of weathered rocks bring inspiration to architectural design. Based on the existing research on the natural formation mechanism of weathered rocks, this paper proposes two algorithms that achieve natural formation mechanism simulation and morphology simulation. Firstly, this study deeply explores the intrinsic characteristics of weathered rocks; secondly, the basic framework of iterative cyclic calculation by multiple weathering forces is built to make the calculation results of 3D point cloud close to the real morphology of weathered rocks; subsequently, this study innovatively introduces a 2D stacked layer algorithm for optimization while maintaining the morphological characteristics; finally, the architecture design application of the optimization algorithm is verified. Compared with the 3D point cloud simulation algorithm, the 2D layered algorithm can greatly reduce the computational time complexity and control the generated space's utilization.
Research on Real-Time Interactive Spatial Element Optimization Method Based on EEG Signal—Taking Indoor Space Color and Window Opening Size as the Optimization Object
Authors: Zhang Zihuan , Li Zao , Guo Zhe
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the research on digital design and perceptual evaluation has gradually become a hot topic in the field of digital design. Based on digital space optimization theory and perceptual evaluation tools, this study attempts to establish an optimization method to optimize built space elements in real-time using human psychological indicators. This method takes the specific indicators of the Meditation value and Attention value in the human EEG signal analyzed by the TGAM module as the optimization objective, the architectural space color and the window size as the optimization object, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm as the optimization tool. To realize this optimization method, this research combines virtual reality scene and parametric linkage model to establish tool platform and workflow. Taking the optimization of typical residential space as an example by recruiting 50 volunteers to participate in the experiment, this study concludes that this method is effective and feasible through experiment and quantitative analysis of experimental results and lays the foundation for more EEG indicators and more complex spatial element optimization research in the future.
Using Text Understanding to Create Formatted Semantic Web from BIM
Authors: Li Jingming
Published: April 2023

The application of BIM in the building life cycle needs to be continuous. The information collected and accumulated in the early stages should flow to the subsequent phases. However, BIM applications currently focus on collision inspection, compliance inspection, and engineering calculation, few models can be successively used in the following stages. Remodeling is required in the operation and maintenance period, resulting in waste. Meanwhile, some of the information accumulated by BIM might be frequently used in the operation and maintenance stage, while some data are relatively rarely used. The semantic web can help manage building information at all stages. But the generation of a semantic web is mostly manually completed. It is necessary to standardize the repeated semantic description in the model and convert BIM into a standard semantic model for information indexing, reducing the resource consumption of model loading and optimizing the efficiency of the operation and maintenance system. When the existing research transforms from BIM to the semantic web, there will be a lack of information and descriptions of the ownership relationship between entities due to the limitation of formats. To realize the standard transformation from BIM to the semantic web, this work proposes a method of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand the text and infer the relationship between entities according to the knowledge map. First, the entities are extracted from BIM, such as air conditioning unit, electric lamp, fan, etc., if the name of the extracted entity is irregular, the names are translated with the help of NLP and Ontology (such as brick or haystack) to obtain the standard definition. By comparing the complete knowledge graph (such as the knowledge graph of the air conditioning system), the relationships can be deduced, and then a standardized semantic model can be generated.
A Human–Machine Collaborative Building Spatial Layout Workflow Based on Spatial Adjacency Simulation
Authors: Zhong X. , Yu Fujia , Xu Beichen
Published: April 2023

The space layout of a reasonable modular building prototype is a time consuming and complex process. Many studies have optimised automatic spatial layouts based on spatial adjacency simulation. Although machine-produced plans satisfy the adjacency and area constraints, people still need further manual modifications to meet other spatially complex design requirements. Motivated by this, we provide a human–machine collaborative design workflow that simulates the spatial adjacency relationship based on physical models. Compared with previous works, our workflow enhances the automated space layout process by allowing designers to use environment anchors to make decisions in automatic layout iterations. A case study is proposed to demonstrate that the solution generated by our workflow can initially complete different customised design tasks. The workflow combines the advantages of the designer's decision-making experience in manual modelling with the machine's ability in rapid automated layout. In the future, it has the potential to be developed into a designer-machine collaboration tool for completing complex building design tasks.
Collective Intelligence and Effects of Anticipation
Authors: Ljubica Miric
Published: April 2023

Based on the extrapolation of contemporary theories that mind is a prediction machine, this paper points out the repetitive nature of the prediction parameters of collective intelligence anticipation scenarios and questions the hybridity of fears and desires regarding the evolution of artificial intelligence. Through the analysis of mnemonic principles of remembrance it combines the ancient technique of the art of memory with the contemporary views on the dynamics of perceptions in order to establish a link between the spatial constructs and their rapid expansion through the presence of the digital medium while in parallel suggesting an approach to the integration of the necessity for a more sophisticated systems of artificial intelligence into the collective intelligence. The main question of this paper is whether the anticipation of the future results in the creation of such a future, can a prediction-based interaction between man and machine govern its outcome? In order to attempt to develop potential new methods of integrating an idea of a different, more neutral outcome, the focus will be on the characteristics of perception that surpass the influenced, emotional response, and the observation of the general, innate human mechanisms of alignment. Through the study of the principles of memory the aim of this paper is to ask whether the individual comprehension of space and time as disengaged in given examples can in fact produce a system of ideas compatible in its nature to that of the machine itself. What are the main aspects of both human and machine that would stem their hybridity, and how should the collective intelligence adapt to enable the interlink?
A Rapid Wind Velocity Prediction Method in Built Environment Based on CycleGAN Model
Authors: Tan Chuheng , Zhong Ximing
Published: April 2023

Although the wind microclimate and wind environment play important roles in urban prediction, the time-consuming and complicated setup and process of wind simulation are widely regarded as challenges. There are several methods to use deep learning (DL) models for wind speed prediction by labeling pairs of wind simulation dataset samples. However, many wind simulation experiments are needed to obtain paired datasets, which is still time-consuming and cumbersome. Compared with previous studies, we propose a method to train a DL model without labelling paired data, which is based on Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (cycleGAN). To verify our hypothesis, we evaluate the results and process of the pix2pix model (requires paired datasets) and cycleGAN (does not requires paired datasets), and explore the difference of results between these two DL models and professional CFD software. The result shows that cycleGAN can perform as well as pix2pix in accuracy, indicating that some random city plans image samples and random wind simulation samples can train surrogate models as accurate as labelled DL methods. Although the DL method has similar results to the professional CFD method, the details of the wind flow results still need improvement. This study can help designers and policymakers to make informed decisions to choose Dl methods for real-time wind speed prediction for early-stage design exploration.
Demand-Driven Distributed Adaptive Space Planning Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jiang Wanzhu , Wang Jiaqi
Published: April 2023

In the second digital turn, the architecture driven by big data logic is gradually shifting from a traditional static entity to an intellective living organism. This paper explores a space planning algorithm that applies reinforcement learning to the multi-agent system to achieve condition adaptability. This algorithm contains an inclusive environment and programmable agents that represent independent spaces. Through reinforcement learning, personalized space needs are quantified as the agent’s Space Schema, which can provide adaptive behavior strategies to adjust volumetric room boundaries. The spatial organization emerges in multi-agent competition, guided by the Negotiation Schema, realizing the dynamic equilibrium of spatial relations and the stable maximization of collective interests. Through real-time interaction and distributed decision-making, this bottom-up method defines a new architectural paradigm that continuously changes based on demands with its high degree of variability, adaptability and evolvability.
AI Urban Voids: A Data-Driven Approach to Urban Activation
Authors: Algamdey Amal , Mastalski Aleksander , Chronis Angelos , Gurung Amar , Vargas Felipe Romero , Bodenbender German , Khairallah Lea
Published: April 2023

With the development of digital technologies, big urban data is now readily available online. This opens the opportunity to utilize new data and create new relationships within multiple urban features for cities. Moreover, new computational design techniques open a new portal for architects and designers to reinterpret this urban data and provide much better-informed design decisions. The “AI Urban Voids'' project is defined as a data-driven approach to analyze and predict the strategic location for urban uses in the addition of amenities within the city. The location of these urban amenities is evaluated based on predictions and scores followed by a series of urban analyses and simulations using K-Means clustering. Furthermore, these results are then visualized in a web-based platform; likewise, the aim is to create a tool that will work on a feedback loop system that constantly updates the information. This paper explains the use of different datasets from Five cities including Melbourne, Sydney, Berlin, Warsaw, and Sao Paulo. Python, Osmx libraries and K-means clustering open the way to manipulate large data sets by introducing a collection of computational processes that can override traditional urban analysis.
Collapsing Complexities: Encoding Multidimensional Architecture Models into Images
Authors: Sándor Viktória , Bank Mathias , Schinegger Kristina , Rutzinger Stefan
Published: April 2023

The paper details a 3D to 2D encoding method, which can store complex digital 3D models of architecture within a single image. The proposed encoding works in combination with a point cloud notation and a sequential slicing operation where each slice of points is stored as a single row of pixels in the UV space of a 1024 × 1024 image. The performance of the notation system is compared between a StyleGan2 and existing image editing methods and evaluated through the production of new 3D models of houses with material attributes. The uncovered findings maintain the relatively high level of detail stored through the encoding while allowing for innovative ways of form-finding—producing new and unseen 3d models of architectural houses.
Augmented Bricks an Onsite AR Immersive Design to Fabrication Framework for Masonry Structures
Authors: Song Yang , Agkathidis Asterios , Koeck Richard
Published: April 2023

The Augmented Bricks research project aims to develop an immersive design to fabrication framework for the assembly of masonry building components by incorporating robotic fabrication and augmented reality (AR) technologies. Our method incorporates two main phases: firstly, the design phase in which users’ gestures and interactions are being identified in AR for the immersive design and simulation process; secondly, an innovative robotic assembly phase in which users can control a robotic arm for assembly by interacting with the AR user interface (UI). Our framework is validated by the design and assembly of four brick-based columns. Our findings highlight that the proposed design to fabrication framework offers a novel, intuitive design inspiration and experience beyond the traditional design methods. It returns the task of assembling parametric structures with high-tech equipment back to the designers, allowing them to master and participate in the entire design to the fabrication process. The impact of this practice-based research will allow architects and designers to modify and construct their designs more simply and intuitively through the AR environment.
Exploration and Design of the Contemporary Bracket Set Through Topology Optimization
Authors: Duan C. B. , Shen S. Y. , Bao D. W. , Yan X.
Published: April 2023

Dou Gong, pronounced in Chinese, and known as Bracket Set, is a vital support component in the ancient wooden tectonic systems. It is located between the column and the beam and connects the eave and pillar, making the heavy roof extend out of the eaves longer. The development of the bracket set is entirely a microcosm of the development of ancient Chinese architecture; the aesthetic structure and oriental artistic temperament behind the bracket make it gradually become the cultural and spiritual symbol of traditional Chinese architecture. In the contemporary era, inheriting and developing the bracket set has become an essential issue. This paper introduces the topological optimization method bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) for form-finding. Through analyzing the development trend of bracket set and mechanical structure, the authors integrate 2D and 3D optimization methods and apply the hybrid methods to form-finding. This research aims to design a new bracket set corresponding to “structural performance-based aesthetics.“ The workflow proposed in this paper is valuable for architrave and other traditional building components.
Large-Scale 3D Printing Using Recycled PET. The Case of Upcycle Lab @ DB Schenker Singapore
Authors: Raspall Felix , Bañón Carlos
Published: April 2023

Large-scale additive manufacturing for architectural applications is a growing research field. In the recent years, several real-scale projects demonstrated a preliminary viability of this technology for practical applications in architecture. Concurrently, the use of recycled polymers in 3d printing has progressed as a more sustainable feed for small-scale applications. However, there are limited empirical examples on the use of additive manufacturing using recycled polymers in large-scale and real-life architectural applications. This project develops two design and fabrication approaches to large-scale manufacturing using recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from single-use bottles into large design elements and tests them in a real-life project. The two designs are discussed in detail: a 4 m diameter dome-like chandelier printed with a robotic extruder using recycled PET pellets, and a 3.5 m diameter chandelier using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing farm. The paper covers the state of the art of related printing technologies and their gaps, describes the printing process developed in this research, details the design of the domes, and discusses the empirical evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of large-scale additive manufacturing using recycled polymers. Overall, the research demonstrates the possibilities of large-scale additive manufacturing using recycled polymers, adding findings form a real-life project to the growing body of research on additive manufacturing in architecture.
Towards a Digital Repertoire: Design and Fabrication of a Robotically-Milled Brass Chandelier
Authors: Loh Paul , Leggett David
Published: April 2023

The paper described the design and fabrication of a robotically-milled brass chandelier using a bespoke vertical axial revolving material holder as a robotic fixture. While the technique described is for a chandelier design, it has potential architectural applications, as demonstrated by architects such as Barkow Leibinger. The significance of this research lies in the increased flexibility of the technique performed using a robotic arm compared to the current industrial method using tubematic laser cutter. In addition, the paper outlined the design of the robotic fixture and the computational workflow to create an integrated design-to-fabrication workflow. The research highlighted robotic systems as a potential design environment through reflection on Material Engagement Theory (MET) framework. Critically, the workflow constructed design feedback as robotic agencies that provide affordances through the fabrication setup. Such affordances contribute to the designing process and refine craftsmanship by creating transactional relationships between tools and material as a digital repertoire. This emerging design environment extends robotic research into design practice.
Morphology of Free-Form Timber Structure Determination by LSTM Oriented by Robotic Fabrication
Authors: Meng Yiping , Sun Yiming , Chang Wen-Shao
Published: April 2023

Robotic arms are increasingly being used as an automation tool in non-standardized fabrication and construction, while the mechanical characteristics can also impact the accomplishment or the accuracy of the components. Timber is regularly used in different scales of a non-standard free-form structure fabricated by the robotic arm. The anisotropic mechanical characteristics of timber constrain the structural morphology. Developing a method of determining the morphology that meets the technical restrictions of the robotic arm and the material properties of timber is the aim of this research. In this paper, taking Centre Pompidou-Metz as a geometric case, glue-laminated timber as the main construction material, LSTM is applied for predicting the shape of the element. The geometric data is transformed into the fabrication data to testify to the kinematic singularities. The limitation of the workspace is derived from the Monte-Carlo method based on the DH model of the robotic arm. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in predicting the curves that match the characteristics of timber materials and robotic fabrication constraints.
Performative Ornament: Enhancing Humidity and Light Levels for Plants in Multispecies Design
Authors: Macruz Andrea , Daneluzzo Mirko , Tawakul Hind
Published: April 2023

The paper shifts the design conversation from a human-centered design methodology to a posthuman design, considering human and nonhuman actors. It asks how designers can incorporate a multispecies approach to creating greater intelligence and performance projects. To illustrate this, we describe a project of “ornaments” for plants, culminating from a course in an academic setting. The project methodology starts with “Thing Ethnography” analyzing the movement of a water bottle inside a house and its interaction with different objects. The relationship between water and plant was chosen to be further developed, considering water as a material to increase environmental humidity for the plant and brightness through light reflectance and refraction. 3D printed biomimetic structures as supports for water droplets were designed according to their performance and placed in different arrangements around the plant itself. Humidity levels and illuminance of the structures were measured. Ultimately, this created a new approach for working with plants and mass customization. The paper discusses the resultant evidence-based design and environmental values.
Regression-Based Inductive Reconstruction of Shell Auxetic Structures
Authors: Vivanco Tomás , Ojeda Juan Eduardo , Yuan Philip
Published: April 2023

This article presents the design process for generating a shell-like structure from an activated bent auxetic surface through an inductive process based on applying deep learning algorithms to predict a numeric value of geometrical features. The process developed under the Material Intelligence Workflow applied to the development of (1) a computational simulation of the mechanical and physical behaviour of an activated auxetic surface, (2) the generation of a geometrical dataset composed of six geometric features with 3,000 values each, (3) the construction and training of a regression Deep Neuronal Network (DNN) model, (4) the prediction of the geometric feature of the auxetic surface's pattern distance, and (5) the reconstruction of a new shell based on the predicted value. This process consistently reduces the computational power and simulation time to produce digital prototypes by integrating AI-based algorithms into material computation design processes.
Common Ground—Online Platforms for Bottom-Up Collaborative Decision Making in Design Education
Authors: Stephan Nicolas , Lemarié Marine , Schinegger Kristina
Published: April 2023

Co-creation and real-time collaboration have always been an integral potential of digital design methodologies and have been accelerated by the rapid digitalization of teaching due to current societal developments. This paper discusses the prototype of a real-time multiplayer building platform as a video game developed for a first-year design studio impacted by pandemic-related teaching restrictions. The aim was to develop a methodology that enables first-year students to meet peers, build models collaboratively, and teach implicit design knowledge such as aesthetics and formal analysis while allowing individual creativity within the populous class. Through a combination of a step-by-step iterative design system and a real-time decentralized multi-player platform, students can work collaboratively on common digital designs. The design method is based upon building units and individualized strategies of aggregation and differentiation that are built up into larger structures. Special focus is paid to how new online platforms created for architecture education can migrate the advantages of physical intuitive design methods to a digital setting and eventually fill the gap of lacking implicit knowledge pedagogies.
Cellular Automata, Memory and Intelligence
Authors: González Alberto Fernández
Published: April 2023

Understanding memory as the faculty by which a system stores and remembers information from the past to a new purpose with shapes that are emerging as “collective designs"(a repository of built information), this research works with the demonstration in how CA can generate a trace of its existence as memory based on the activation and deactivation of the discrete system in which grows, like a footprint in the affected area of intervention, improving a “stigmergic operation” in the field, conditioning the following steps in the collaborative growing of this basal structure. Based on sets of digital experiments, a set of CA using Langton Ants generates different solutions based on the activation and deactivation of rules according to information coming from patterns, creating spatial solutions that deal with built memory three-dimensional emergent structures.
InterspeciesForms
Authors: Alima Natalie
Published: April 2023

InterspeciesForms hybridizes mycelia’s agency of growth with architectural de-sign intention in the generation of novel, crossbred designed outcomes. In order to establish a direct dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies, robotic feedback systems are implemented to extract data from the physical and feed it in-to the digital realm. Initiating this cyclic feedback system, mycelia growth is scanned in order to computationally visualize its entangled network and agency. Based on the logic of stigmergy, computational agents trace around the organisms patterns of growth, forming entangled and complex networks. Through this unification of biological growth and computational agencies, non-indexical crossbred outcomes begin to emerge. Bringing this hybridized computational form back into the physical realm, form is 3D printed with a customized mixture of mycelium and agricultural waste. Once the geometry has been extruded, the robot, patiently waits for the mycelia to grow and react to the living extrusions. The architect then responds with a countermove by scanning this new growth and continuing the cyclic feedback system between nature-machine and architect. This procedure demonstrates form emerging in real time according to the co-creational design process and dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies.
Long-COVID fatigue is not predicted by pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels in mild COVID-19
Authors: Freidin Maxim B. , Cheetham Nathan , Duncan Emma L. , Steves Claire J. , Doores Katherine J. , Malim Michael H. , Rossi Niccolo , Lord Janet M. , Franks Paul W. , Borsini Alessandra , Granville Smith Isabelle , Falchi Mario , Pariante Carmine , Williams Frances M. K.
Published: April 2023

Objective and design

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in the general population and may follow viral infection, including SARS-CoV2 infection which causes COVID-19. Chronic fatigue lasting more than three months is the major symptom of the post-COVID syndrome (known colloquially as long-COVID). The mechanisms underlying long-COVID fatigue are unknown. We hypothesized that the development of long-COVID chronic fatigue is driven by the pro-inflammatory immune status of an individual prior to COVID-19.

Subjects and methods

We analyzed pre-pandemic plasma levels of IL-6, which plays a key role in persistent fatigue, in N = 1274 community dwelling adults from TwinsUK. Subsequent COVID-19-positive and -negative participants were categorized based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody testing. Chronic fatigue was assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale.

Results

COVID-19-positive participants exhibited mild disease. Chronic fatigue was a prevalent symptom among this population and significantly higher in positive vs. negative participants (17% vs 11%, respectively; p = 0.001). The qualitative nature of chronic fatigue as determined by individual questionnaire responses was similar in positive and negative participants. Pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels were positively associated with chronic fatigue in negative, but not positive individuals. Raised BMI was associated with chronic fatigue in positive participants.

Conclusions

Pre-existing increased IL-6 levels may contribute to chronic fatigue symptoms, but there was no increased risk in individuals with mild COVID-19 compared with uninfected individuals. Elevated BMI also increased the risk of chronic fatigue in mild COVID-19, consistent with previous reports.
Inhibition of importin-7 attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury by targeting nuclear translocation of p38
Authors: Ding Ning , Li Huiqing , Zhang Zengzhen , Jia Haiyan
Published: April 2023

Background

The ability of p38 to phosphorylate substrates in the nucleus and the role of nuclear p38 in the regulation of inflammation have focused attention on the subcellular localization of the kinase. Although it is clear that p38 shuttles to the nucleus upon stimulation, the mechanisms that regulate p38 nuclear input in response to mechanical stretch remain to be determined.

Methods

Cyclic stretch (CS)-induced nuclear translocation of p38 was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The p38 interacting protein was identified using endogenous pull-down and protein binding assays. The potential role of importin-7 (Imp7) in CS-induced nuclear translocation of p38 and p38-dependent gene expression was confirmed using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we tested the therapeutic potential of intratracheal administration of Imp7 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles in the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) mouse model.

Results

We show that CS induced phosphorylation-dependent nuclear translocation of p38, which required the involvement of microtubules and dynein. Endogenous pull-down assay revealed Imp7 to be a potential p38-interacting protein, and the direct interaction between p38 and Imp7 was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo binding assays. Furthermore, silencing Imp7 inhibited CS-induced nuclear translocation of p38 and subsequent cytokine production. Notably, intratracheal administration of Imp7 siRNA nanoparticles attenuated lung inflammation and histological damage in the VILI mouse model.

Conclusions

Our findings uncover a key role for Imp7 in the process of p38 nuclear import after CS stimulation and highlight the potential of preventing p38 nuclear translocation in treatment of VILI.
Super Cartan Geometry and the Super Ashtekar Connection
Authors: Eder Konstantin
Published: April 2023

This work is devoted to the geometric approach to supergravity. More precisely, we interpret $$\mathcal {N}=1$$

N
=
1

, $$D=4$$

D
=
4

supergravity as a super Cartan geometry which provides a link between supergravity and Yang–Mills theory. To this end, we first review important aspects of the theory of supermanifolds and we establish a link between various different approaches. We then introduce super Cartan geometries using the concept of so-called enriched categories. This, among other things, will enable us to implement anticommutative fermionic fields. We will then also show that non-extended $$D=4$$

D
=
4

supergravity naturally arises in this framework. Finally, using this gauge-theoretic interpretation as well as the chiral structure of the underlying supersymmetry algebra, we will derive graded analoga of Ashtekar’s self-dual variables and interpret them in terms of generalized super Cartan connections. This gives canonical chiral supergravity the structure of a Yang–Mills theory with gauge supergroup similar to the self-dual variables in ordinary first-order Einstein gravity. We then construct the parallel transport map corresponding to the super connection in mathematical rigorous way using again enriched categories. This provides the possibility of quantizing gravity and matter degrees of freedom in loop quantum gravity in a unified way.
Kindly check and confirm inserted city and country name are correctly identified.City and country name are correct.
A review of sedimentation rates in freshwater reservoirs: recent changes and causative factors
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Laureano , McCallum Adrian , Kent Damon , Rathnayaka Charith , Fairweather Helen
Published: April 2023

Sediment deposition in water reservoirs has major implications for storage capacity, reservoir lifetime, and water quality. Changes in rainfall patterns and land use will consequently alter the rate of erosion and therefore have a direct effect on sedimentation rates. This literature review employed a systematic mapping approach to collate and describe evidence of contemporary sedimentation trends for impounded reservoirs and natural lakes with emphasis on studies which analysed impacts on water storage capacity. Fourteen studies determined an overall increase in sedimentation rate, 13 identified a recent decline and another 5 reported mixed results. Interestingly, 83.3% of the articles that studied natural lakes found an increase in recent contemporary sedimentation, while 54.5% of the articles on impounded reservoirs indicated recent declines in sediment deposition. Land use change was the main causative factor responsible for sedimentation rate increase followed by the combined effects of land activities and climate change. Soil and sediment management strategies, implemented in and upstream of some impounded reservoirs, have proved to be effective in mitigating and remediating reservoir sedimentation. From the 147 papers preselected, only 33 contain sufficient sedimentation data to infer recent rate trends with only about 45% of these articles reporting quantities of storage capacity loss caused by sedimentation. Across these 33 studies, assessments of sedimentation and associated storage capacity loss are compromised by the limited spatiotemporal resolution of current measurement methods, reinforcing the requirement to develop new, more robust techniques to monitor sedimentation and storage capacity changes.
Clinical application of breathing-adapted 4D CT: image quality comparison to conventional 4D CT
Authors: Werner René , Szkitsak Juliane , Madesta Frederic , Büttgen Laura , Wimmert Lukas , Sentker Thilo , Fietkau Rainer , Haderlein Marlen , Bert Christoph , Gauer Tobias , Hofmann Christian
Published: April 2023

Purpose: 4D CT imaging is an integral part of 4D radiotherapy workflows. However, 4D CT data often contain motion artifacts that mitigate treatment planning. Recently, breathing-adapted 4D CT (i4DCT) was introduced into clinical practice, promising artifact reduction in in-silico and phantom studies. Here, we present an image quality comparison study, pooling clinical patient data from two centers: a new i4DCT and a conventional spiral 4D CT patient cohort.

Methods: The i4DCT cohort comprises 129 and the conventional spiral 4D CT cohort 417 4D CT data sets of lung and liver tumor patients. All data were acquired for treatment planning. The study consists of three parts: illustration of image quality in selected patients of the two cohorts with similar breathing patterns; an image quality expert rater study; and automated analysis of the artifact frequency.

Results: Image data of the patients with similar breathing patterns underline artifact reduction by i4DCT compared to conventional spiral 4D CT. Based on a subgroup of 50 patients with irregular breathing patterns, the rater study reveals a fraction of almost artifact-free scans of 89% for i4DCT and only 25% for conventional 4D CT; the quantitative analysis indicated a reduction of artifact frequency by 31% for i4DCT.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate 4D CT image quality improvement for patients with irregular breathing patterns by breathing-adapted 4D CT in this first corresponding clinical data image quality comparison study.
Extractives in Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from three sites in south-west Germany and potential opportunities for valorization
Authors: Warlo Hannes , Windeisen-Holzhauser Elisabeth , Brüchert Franka , Sauter Udo H. , Richter Klaus
Published: April 2023

Owing to favorable wood properties and its resilience to the effects of climate change, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a promising tree species in Central Europe. Its wood and bark extractives could also serve as feedstock for the production of bio-based materials and platform chemicals. In this study, sapwood, heartwood, knotwood and bark extractives of Douglas firs originating from three differently aged stands in south-west Germany were investigated. Two different extraction methods with organic solvents were compared: a mixture of cyclohexane/ethanol and a successive method using petroleum ether, acetone and methanol. Extraction yields obtained with the successive method were higher, however one-step extraction was very efficient considering the number of samples that could be extracted and is therefore useful for a fast screening. At all sites, extract yields from sapwood, heartwood and bark were highest close to the tree top, while at the two older sites, an additional maximum was found at 1.3 m height. Knotwood extractives tended to decline with increasing tree height. The most abundant substance with economic importance was taxifolin, yielding up to 13% of dry weight in bark, whereas knotwood contained high amounts of resin acids and the lignan nortrachelogenin. Contrary to other studies, the present study found no evidence of a significant site effect on yield and composition of extracts. Overall, many different compounds for future bio-economic applications were found so that the preferential utilization of extractive-rich bark and crown material could foster an integral valorization of trees, supplementing with existing high grade timber production.
Arthroscopic approach does not yield better results than open surgery after subscapularis repair: a systematic review
Authors: Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , La Verde Matteo , Coliva Federico , Cammisa Eugenio , Lullini Giada , Caravelli Silvio , Mosca Massimiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of arthroscopic versus mini-open repair in patients with isolated subscapularis tendon tears.

Methods

Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for studies evaluating isolated subscapularis tears subsequently treated by arthroscopic or mini-open repair. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies reporting isolated subscapularis lesions treated by arthroscopic or mini-open repair, a minimum follow-up of 12 months, and clinical and functional outcomes reported in the study results. Articles not reporting functional outcomes or studies that reported results for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears without a separate analysis of subscapularis tendon tears were excluded. Studies older than 20 years and studies with a minimum follow-up of less than 12 months were also excluded.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria; 8 papers were included in the arthroscopic repair group, and 6 were included in the mini-open repair group (2 studies reported results for both techniques). The mean age reported was 49.3 years, and 85.1% of patients were male. The dominant limb was involved in 77.6% of the patients, and a traumatic onset of symptoms was verified in 76.3%. The mean time to surgery was 9.6 months. The Constant–Murley score showed positive results for the arthroscopic and mini-open groups, with mean postoperative values of 84.6 and 82.1, respectively. Promising results were also observed for pain, with a mean of 13.2 (out of 15) points for the arthroscopic group and 11.7 for the mini-open group. The long head of the biceps was involved in 78% of the patients, and LHB tenodesis or tenotomy were the most common concomitant procedures performed.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in clinical and functional outcomes between open and arthroscopic repair. Moreover, the same complication rates were reported in both treatments, but arthroscopic repair led to less postoperative pain.

Level of evidence

IV.