bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the electrical resistivity of concrete using Arduino
Authors: Medrado Carlos Américo , Santos Daniel Moraes
Published: February 2025

Electrical Resistivity is the physical property that has the capacity to resist the passage of electric current and this variable in concrete changes by several factors, with the water / cement (a/c) ratio being one of the most relevant. The a / c ratio is a parameter of paramount importance with regard to the quality of the concrete, due to its correlation with the compressive strength and durability of the concrete. The present work aimed to create a measurement system using the Arduino microprocessor to measure and record the electrical resistivity values of the concrete, testing its use in two concrete samples with 0,40 a/c and 0,60 a/c. The configuration of the electrodes to perform the electrical resistivity measurements was in accordance with the Wenner method. The results showed that the obtained values had a satisfactory precision. Thus, the Arduino project with proved to be a viable method for carrying out electrical resistivity measurements and analyzing the quality the of concretes.
Decoding diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenesis, diagnostic breakthroughs, and emerging therapeutics- a comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Simran , Sharfuddin Saima , Khan Mohd. Maruf , Arif Anees Arif Anees
Published: February 2025

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction after excluding other potential causes. Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most prevalent form, affecting 10-15% of newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, with prevalence rates exceeding 50% in those with more than 10 years of diabetes. The primary symptoms include bilateral limb pain, numbness, and paresthesia, which in severe cases can lead to foot ulcers and even amputation. Although the precise pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disturbances, and insulin signaling abnormalities are recognized as key contributors, initiating a cascade of pathophysiological changes that affect myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, perikaryon, neurovascular structures, and glial cells. Moreover, impaired insulin signaling inhibits axonal repair and promotes neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies have uncovered several mechanisms underlying DPN, including oxidative stress, microvascular damage, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular oxidative damage. Additionally, a reduced oxygen supply through vasa nervorum and inflammatory processes further exacerbate nerve injury. The most common clinical presentation is symmetrical painful neuropathy, especially affecting the lower limbs. Understanding the interactions between these mechanisms is crucial for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes the latest research on DPN’s pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges, offering novel insights into the disease’s underlying mechanisms and the potential for targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Addressing environmental stewardship: prophetic perspectives on sustainability and conservation
Authors: Khan Mohd Maruf , Begum Mehmooda , Anees Arif , Akanksha Mishra
Published: February 2025

Environmental stewardship, defined as the responsible management and care for the environment, is deeply embedded within religious teachings. In today's world, the urgency of this principle has intensified as unsustainable practices have led to widespread ecological degradation. Islam, with its holistic guidance encompassing all facets of life, offers profound insights into environmental stewardship. This review paper examines the perspectives on sustainability and conservation derived from prophetic teachings, demonstrating how these enduring principles can address contemporary environmental challenges. The Quran and Hadith emphasize the necessity of a balanced, respectful relationship with nature, positioning humans as stewards (khalifah) of the Earth, entrusted with its care and preservation. Protecting the environment is essential to maintaining the delicate balance of life, as highlighted by the Quranic principle of humanity’s guardianship over nature and the Hadith stating, "The earth is green and beautiful, and Allah has appointed you His stewards over it." The current global environmental crisis, exacerbated by globalization, economic competition, and political conflicts, underscores the need to revisit and integrate Islamic environmental teachings. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations in 2015 align with Islam's strong commitment to environmental protection, reflecting the timeless relevance of the Prophet Muhammad's environmental practices. This paper concludes that integrating prophetic teachings into modern environmental discourse offers a holistic approach to tackling the urgent ecological issues of our time, effectively bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary environmental stewardship.
Acute urticaria: a case study on diagnosis and multidisciplinary management
Authors: G Venkata Nagaraju , Patan Suhana Parveen
Published: February 2025

Urticaria is a dermatological condition characterized by transient, pruritic, erythematous wheals due to histamine release from mast cells. A 37-year-old female was admitted with red lesions and facial swelling persisting for 30 days. Three days prior to admission, she developed multiple red lesions with itching and a burning sensation. She had no history of allergies, diabetes, hypertension, or stroke. Examination revealed erythematous wheals with itching and burning. Laboratory findings showed mild anemia (Hb: 10 g/dl), leukocytosis (WBC: 12,000), and eosinophilia (5%). The patient was treated with intravenous pheniramine, oral chlorpheniramine maleate, Calamine lotion, and ranitidine. Treatment provided symptomatic relief and aimed at recurrence prevention. Preventive measures included allergen avoidance, stress management, skincare, and dietary modifications. Clinical pharmacists played a crucial role in medication adherence and lifestyle guidance. Regular dermatological follow-ups were advised. This case highlights a multidisciplinary approach to urticaria management.
Sensing Capabilities and Performance of Supermarkets in Kenya
Authors: Ng’ang’a Ann Wambui , Ndegwa Joyce , Kangu Maureen
Published: February 2025

The retail sector in Kenya has experienced the growth of supermarkets in the last two decades. As a result of this growth, the sector is experiencing unprecedented competition and underperformance which has led to the closure of some leading brands. Despite pursuing various strategies such as branch increases, shop layout, ambiance, and in-store promotions to increase the footprint, customer loyalty, and sales; supermarkets are struggling to survive. This research sought to examine the influence of sensing capabilities on the performance of supermarkets in Kenyan cities. The research was anchored on the dynamic capability theory. The research was grounded on positivism research philosophy with the use of descriptive research design. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The research target population was 629 licensed supermarkets. The research population consisted of 1258 senior managers and the sample size was 304 respondents. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample size in each of the four cities namely Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nakuru. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. SPSS software version 28 was utilized for data exploration. The regression results revealed that sensing capabilities have a statistically significance influence on the performance of supermarkets in the Kenyan cities (β = 0.535, t = 10.393, p < 0.05). The research recommends that supermarkets management should consistently conduct market surveys to identify new opportunities that will lead to improved performance. Investors in the supermarket sector should scan the business environment to identify valuable opportunities in order to increase survival and performance.
Dynamics of Strategic Agility Enablers on Corporate Performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority in Kenya
Authors: Kandia Masai David , Sang Jane , Odunga Robert
Published: February 2025

The study aimed at investigating the effect of strategic agility enablers on corporate performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research was anchored on the need of understanding how strategic agility through its various enablers can effectively be harnessed to enhance performance of organizations. The specific objectives of the study were to; assess the effect of technological innovations on corporate performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority and examine the extent to which strategic partnerships impact corporate performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets in the Authority. The study adopted a mixed methods research approach in which an explanatory research method was used. The findings on technological innovations showed a positive relationship with corporate performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority with a mean of 2.3833 while on strategic partnerships there was also in a relationship with corporate performance of Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority. The study concluded that on the technological innovation front, the Authority used internet banking to a moderate extent, digitalised processes was used to a moderate extent, business intelligence technology was used to a moderate extent while accessible and flexible databases was used to a moderate extent, too. With regard to strategic partnership, the Authority adopted outreach partnerships to a great extent, brand partnerships were adopted by the Authority to a moderate extent, product partnerships were used by the Authority for greater performance to a moderate extent, financial partnerships were used by the Authority for greater performance to a moderate extent and technology partnerships were used by the Authority for greater performance to a moderate extent. The study recommended UFAA to prioritize ongoing investment in technological innovations with the view to streamline processes, improve service delivery, ensure regulatory compliance, and enhance financial performance.
Individualized Consideration and Team Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya
Authors: W. Kiai Mary , Sikalieh Damary , K. Lingeh Teresia
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the influence of individualized consideration on team performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the cut flower industry in Kenya. The study adopted the positivism research philosophy and a descriptive correlational research design on a population was 640 senior and middle-level managers from 62 SMEs in the cut flower industry in Kenya. A sample size of 271 was drawn using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses, and data presentation was done using tables. A response rate of 74.9 percent was obtained. The research findings showed that delegation had a positive and significant influence on team performance in SMEs in the cut flower industry in Kenya (β = 0.196, t = 2.882, p = 0.004). Similarly, the work environment had a positive and significant influence on team performance in SMEs in the cut flower industry in Kenya (β = 0.457, t = 6.531, p < 0.05). However, coaching had no significant influence on team performance in SMEs in the cut flower industry in Kenya (β = 0.002, t = 0.035, p = 0.972). Therefore, the study rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that individualized consideration has a statistically significant influence on team performance in SMEs in the cut flower industry in Kenya. This study recommends that leaders in SMEs in the cut flower industry should improve team performance through effective delegation, maintaining a positive work environment, mentoring, and valuing their subordinates over tasks.
Effect of Management Soundness on the Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Kenya
Authors: Gitonga Rachael W. , Kalunda Elizabeth , Wambalaba Francis W.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of management soundness on the profitability of insurance companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the CARAMELS model that was advanced by the International Monetary Fund for insurance companies in sub-Saharan Africa. This study used a positivism philosophy, and a descriptive research design and targeted a total of 56 insurance companies. The study used secondary data for 15 years from 2008 to 2022 drawn from the company’s financial statements and the Insurance Regulatory Authority industry publications. The gathered quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation), and a balanced dynamic panel data regression model. Before conducting the panel regression analysis, diagnostic tests to assess stationarity, linearity test, serial correlation, normality of residuals, and homoscedasticity tests were done. The study included 41 insurance companies that satisfied the inclusion criterion. The research findings determined that management soundness had a significant positive effect on the financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya (β = 0.2128, t = 2.95, p = 0.001). The research concluded that management soundness was instrumental in the financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya. The study findings have implications for management and policymakers to nurture a culture of competence and ethical leadership in insurance companies.
Relationship Between Demographic Factors, In-Service Training, and Professional Competencies in Agricultural Extension
Authors: Habibullah Magsi  , Muhammad Hamid Nawaz Khan  , Zaheeruddin Mirani  , Muhammad Ismail Kumbhar  , Aijaz Ali Khooharo  , Fateh Muhammad Mari  , Amir Riaz  , Arif Masood  , Afia Naseem  , Syed Taimoor shah
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the professional competency gaps and training needs of Agricultural Extension Field Staff (EFS) in three districts of southern Punjab, Pakistan, using a descriptive research design with a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. A sample of 120 extension professionals was selected to examine the relationship between demographic variables and professional competencies. The results revealed that the extension workforce is well-educated and experienced, with a strong foundation in agricultural practices and training programs. However, significant training needs were identified, particularly in digital communication methods, including the use of radio, television, and projectors, which were found to be the most critical areas for skill development. Additionally, participatory extension techniques, such as farmer engagement and agricultural extension methodologies, exhibited considerable skill gaps, necessitating specialized training. In contrast, supervisory competencies for extension activities and junior staff were found to be relatively strong, requiring minimal additional training. The findings further indicated that agricultural experience significantly influenced the need for participatory extension training, while age had a minor effect on supervision and administration competencies. However, qualifications, job experience, and general agricultural experience did not show a substantial impact on administrative competency requirements, suggesting a more even distribution of training needs in this area. Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed to enhance professional competencies. These include the development of specialized training programs, focusing on farmer engagement and participatory approaches, and improving digital communication skills to enhance outreach efforts. Expanding in-service training programs, customizing training based on agricultural experience, ensuring equitable access to training opportunities, and integrating practical field-based learning approaches were also emphasized. Additionally, policy support for continuous professional development was recommended to ensure the long-term capacity building of EFS. Implementing these measures will strengthen agricultural extension services, improve knowledge dissemination, and enhance farmer participation in rural development programs.
The Influence of TV News on Youth: Trust, Perception and Mental Health Impact
Authors: Muhammad Husnain  , Fareeha Saad  , Famia Amjad
Published: February 2025

Television is considered a powerful mass medium, which is not only meant for dissemination and analyzing the news but also the credibility and worth of news line being broadcasted. The influence of TV news channels has been massive from 21st century. The aim of this research is to take the opinion of youth to check the credibility of TV news in Pakistan as compare to the news shared on social media. (Zuzana Rojková, 2015) explores, television has got acceptance as compared to the other media on the issue of prime importance. Everyone wants to know about the happenings around the world and put trust in news channels and the masses without critical thinking accepts all the information. People use internet frequently but still questions the credibility as compare to the traditional media. (Johnson, 1998) further concluded the study that people do have credibility issues with traditional media but they are neglected because they are very less as compare to digital media. This quantitative research is based on survey methodology. By applying purposive sampling technique on 116 students selected from private universities; UMT and USKT of Sialkot Pakistan. The data was collected from media department students of private university by using 5 Likert close ended questionnaire. 46.6% of respondents agree that political parties influence TV news, and 22.4% strongly agree. 40.5% of respondents agree that they trust Pakistani news channels over international ones, while 24.1% remain neutral. This suggests a moderate level of trust. 50.9% of respondents still prefer TV news over social media, suggesting a foundation for rebuilding trust through better reporting.
Exploring the Influence of Instagram Advertising on Consumer Decision-Making: Case Study of Sialkot
Authors: Muhammad Husnain  , Alishba Shafeeq  , Hafifa Afzal
Published: February 2025

Instagram is a social media app that’s currently ranked 4, boasting a notable 38% user engagement. Over time, a lot of people have figured out that Instagram can be a great tool for selling products. This study takes a closer look at how Instagram ads shape our choices as consumers using a quantitative approach. They surveyed 112 people from UMT, Sialkot, using a stratified random sampling method to get a good mix of opinions. By collecting data through a questionnaire and analyzing it with SPSS software, the research aims to understand how these ads really influence what we decide to buy. The results really highlight how much Instagram ads impact what we buy and how we engage with brands. A good number of people, about 52.7%, feel that these ads strongly influence their purchasing decisions. Plus, 42.9% of respondents often end up buying products after seeing them advertised, and 41.1% are likely to follow brands they see in ads. When it comes to influencers on Instagram, their impact is also significant. Around 33.9% of people say that influencers have a very strong effect on them buying choices, with 20.5% feeling an extreme influence from them. All in all, it’s clear that both Instagram ads and influencer promotions play a big role in shaping what consumers decide to buy.
The effectiveness of game-based learning in improving fractions mastery among 5th-grade students, comparing it with traditional teaching methods.
Authors: Muhammad Ismaiel  , Qazi Abdul Rauf  , Robina Bibi  , Rizwana Siddique  , Shujaat Ali
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of game-based learning (GBL) in improving fractions mastery among 5th-grade students, comparing it with traditional teaching methods. A group of 60 students was divided into a control group, which followed traditional instruction, and an experimental group, which used game-based learning to learn fractions. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure computational and conceptual understanding of fractions. The results revealed that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in both computational and conceptual understanding compared to the control group. Game-based learning not only enhanced students' mathematical performance but also increased engagement and motivation, suggesting that this approach may be particularly effective in teaching abstract mathematical concepts like fractions. The findings are consistent with prior research on the benefits of GBL and indicate its potential for improving math education outcomes.
Shaping Minds and Building Characters: Impact of Learning Activities on Personality and Social Development of Students. A Case Study of a Private School in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Iqbal
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the intricate relationship between learning activities and the social as well as academic performance of secondary school students in a private school located in Karachi, Pakistan. Employing qualitative methods such as individual interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the research uncovers pivotal factors shaping the influence of learning activities. The findings of this study reveal that the school principal perceives teachers as fundamental to fostering the comprehensive development of students, encompassing personal, social, spiritual, and physical dimensions. Teachers underscore their role in bolstering academic achievement, curbing absenteeism, and fostering a vibrant and joyful school atmosphere. Meanwhile, students highlight their contribution to character cultivation, bolstering self-confidence, honing communication prowess, and enhancing academic performance. However, amidst these benefits, the study also identifies hurdles including parental perceptions labeling learning activities as mere time-consuming endeavors, as well as the imperative for effective time management. In light of these insights, the study advocates for the appointment of a dedicated learning coordinator who would be tasked with orchestrating well-structured and coordinated activities aimed at maximizing their positive impact on students' holistic development.
Lived Experiences of Workplace Harassment: A Qualitative Study Among Female Employees
Authors: Shakeel Ahmad  , Rais Gul  , Haji Ur Rahman  , Fakhr Ud Din
Published: February 2025

Workplace harassment continues as a widespread problem that harms female employees causing them both emotional and psychological distress. A phenomenological approach was utilized in this qualitative research to study workplace harassment experiences faced by female workers in District Mansehra. The researcher collected data through purposive sampling for conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with female employees who have faced workplace harassment. The research applied thematic analysis to uncover standard patterns and themes as per Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework. Four key themes emerged verbal harassment, fear of retaliation, emotional distress, and lack of organizational support. Findings reveal that verbal harassment is often trivialized, discouraging women from speaking out. Fear of retaliation prevents victims from reporting incidents, as workplace power dynamics favor perpetrators. Participants reported significant emotional and psychological distress, affecting both professional and personal lives. Moreover, a lack of organizational support perpetuates a culture of silence. Anti-harassment policies need to be strengthened through the implementation of impartial complaint systems which should incorporate psychology-based victim support mechanisms. Heavy investment in studies needs to happen to bring forward solutions which both enhance workplace equality and implement systemic changes that combat harassment across organizations effectively.
Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Employee Performances in Small Medium Enterprises
Authors: Umer Mahboob Malik  , Dr Jawad Ullah*  , Dr. Saima Gul  , Sudhair Abbas Bangash  , Zafar Ahmad Khan  , Muhammad Ikram
Published: February 2025

This study examines both strategies for stress reduction in worker performance and establishes the relationships between occupational stress with mental health as well as employee performance. The covid-19 effect all the employees’ psychologically and having negative influence on performance. The servant leadership was not moderated the relationship between work stress and mental health The findings provide insufficient evidence that servant leadership can mitigate occupational stress's impact on mental health but it recognizes the significance of analyzing occupational stress and employee performance relationships. The results provide direction to organizations which helps them design protective measures for mental health together with methods to preserve optimal workforce productivity particularly under emergency conditions like the COVID-19 crisis.
Exploring Rural Youth Aspirations in Agriculture and role of information Technologies
Authors: Muhammad Iftikhar  , Muhammad Furqan Khan  , Ahsan Ali  , Muhammad Saad Faiz  , Muhammad Awais  , Muhammad Saleem*
Published: February 2025

Agriculture remains a crucial sector for rural youth; however, their engagement and information-seeking behavior significantly impact agricultural sustainability. This study was designed to explore the aspirations of rural youth in agriculture and the role of information technologies in their engagement. The research was conducted in District Khanewal, Pakistan, to assess their interest in agriculture, sources of agricultural information, satisfaction with these sources, and the challenges they face. A total of 60 young farmers were selected from four randomly chosen union councils of Tehsil Kabirwala. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule. Findings revealed that a majority (68.3%) of respondents preferred agriculture over other occupations, with 73.3% demonstrating an innovative approach by adopting modern farming techniques. Farmers primarily relied on self-experience (mean = 2.78) and YouTube channels (mean = 2.43) for agricultural knowledge, while formal sources such as agricultural officers (mean = 1.95) and websites (mean = 1.45) were used less frequently. Satisfaction levels followed a similar pattern, with self-experience (mean = 2.68) and fellow farmers (mean = 2.30) being the most trusted sources. Key challenges included financial constraints (mean = 4.10), economic problems (mean = 3.87), and policy-related issues (mean = 3.78). Limited access to irrigation (mean = 3.68) and modern technology (mean = 3.67) also hindered agricultural productivity. The study suggests strengthening digital platforms with expert-led content, enhancing the role of extension services, and integrating formal and informal information sources to improve agricultural knowledge dissemination. Addressing financial and infrastructural barriers can further encourage youth participation in agriculture, ensuring sustainable rural development
Water Scarcity: A Global Threat
Authors: Muhammad Rameez Mohsin  , Salman Khan  , Rizwan ul Haq Aamir  , Maaz Mohsin  , Syed Kamran Haider
Published: February 2025

Water is an unavoidable need of life and water scarcity means a lack of fresh and drinkable water. Water scarcity is turning out to be a global threat as almost all the important and populous regions of the world like Asia, Africa, the Middle East, etc. are facing the issues of water scarcity and water-based conflicts. There have been more than 35 violent inter-state water disputes in the last 50 years. The major causes of water scarcity are an increase in demand, water overuse, climate change, and a decrease in supply. The problem of scarcity of water is increasing day by day which depicts that if this possible water crisis is not solved peacefully and appropriately it will lead to global conflicts because every water-scarce country would try to capture the water resources of other countries for meeting its own needs and survival. This paper highlights the importance of water and focuses on how the careless attitude and mismanagement of water resources can result in a global disaster.
The Connection Among Firms' Ownership Structure, Size, Age, and Performance: Insights from a developing Economy
Authors: Basharat Khan  , Dr. Zulfiqar Ali  , Dr. Attaullah  , Sidra Gazali
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of ownership structure on the performance of firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using annual data from 100 companies spanning 2016 to 2023. Ownership is categorized into individual ownership (IND), institutional ownership (INS), and directors' ownership. Firm performance is assessed using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), while firm size and firm age are included as control variables due to their influence on equity structures and returns. The findings indicate that institutional ownership and directors' shareholdings positively impact firm performance, whereas individual shareholdings exhibit a negative association. These results suggest that concentrated ownership structures, particularly those involving institutional investors and directors, enhance firm profitability and shareholder value.
Relationship between Talent Management and Organizational Commitment among Bankers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Nazim Ali  , Dr. Anjum Ihsan  , Dr Faisal khan  , Adnan Khan
Published: February 2025

This research examines the correlation between talent management (TM) techniques and organizational commitment (OC) among 354 bankers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Data was gathered using time tested questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the influence of TM on employee commitment to their organizations. The results indicate a substantial positive correlation between TM practices and OC, underscoring the need of effective TM methods in promoting employee loyalty and engagement
The Role of Regional Geopolitics in Shaping Pakistan-Bangladesh Relations in The 21st Century
Authors: Anwar ul Mustafa Shah  , Tufail Asghar  , Dr Farhana kousar
Published: February 2025

The relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh in the 21st century is deeply shaped by evolving regional geopolitical dynamics. Historically strained due to the events surrounding Bangladesh’s independence in 1971, relations between the two nations remain complex, characterized by lingering distrust and historical grievances. However, the shifting balance of power in South Asia, driven by strategic alliances and regional competition, continues to redefine this bilateral relationship. Pakistan, keen on expanding its regional influence, views Bangladesh’s growing partnership with India as a strategic challenge. This dynamic has intensified Pakistan's efforts to engage Bangladesh diplomatically and economically, aiming to balance India’s expanding influence in the region. Conversely, Bangladesh is navigating its foreign policy with increasing autonomy, balancing relations with regional powers like India, China, and Pakistan to safeguard its national interests. Regional geopolitics, particularly the strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan and the rising influence of China in South Asia, significantly impact Pakistan-Bangladesh relations. Bangladesh's active participation in regional platforms like the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) further complicates the geopolitical landscape. Additionally, Bangladesh’s constitutional commitment to fostering fraternal ties with Pakistan, rooted in shared cultural and historical connections, presents opportunities for diplomatic engagement despite underlying tensions. This study explores how these geopolitical factors shape the diplomatic, economic, and strategic interactions between Pakistan and Bangladesh. It also examines whether Bangladesh can develop an independent and balanced foreign policy that allows it to engage Pakistan on its own terms. Understanding the role of regional geopolitics in this evolving relationship is crucial for predicting future developments and fostering a more stable and cooperative South Asian region.
Unveiling the Green Synergy: Exploring the Mediated Moderation Effect of Technological advancement and Green Process Innovation on GHRM and Sustainable Performance.
Authors: Admin_pjms Admin_pjms , Attaullah Laghari  , Prof. Dr. Amna Ali  , Muhammad Nigar  , Saifullah Danishwar  , Bilal Ahmed Awan  , Umar Farooq
Published: February 2025

There is limited study on the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM), green process innovation (GPI), technological advancement (TA), and green sustainable performance (GSP), particularly in hospitality industries. This research study fills a knowledge gap by investigating the effects of GHRM on green sustainable performance and mediating effect of green process innovation. Furthermore, this also examined moderating role of technological advancement in hospitality industries. The purpose of this study was gained used a quantitative approach and a pre-tested scale. 390 individuals from hospitality industries were selected through simple random sampling. According to findings of the study, GHRM has significantly and positively influenced green sustainable performance. Similarly, green process innovation mediates the relationship between GHRM and GSP. Additionally, technological advancement significantly moderates the relationship between GPI and GSP. The findings have important implications for hospitality industries, researchers and practitioners, especially those working in hotels, and travels agencies. Study limitations and future research direction are also mentioned.
Exploring Psychological Impact of Social Media on Teenagers: A Qualitative Study in District Mansehra
Authors: Tayyaba Noor Qureshi  , Dr. Humaira Bibi  , Faria Khan Afsar  , Zubia Gulfam
Published: February 2025

The psychological impact of social media on teenagers in District Mansehra was explored in this study using qualitative research methods. A phenomenological research design was utilized in order to reveal teenagers' lived experiences with social media in regard to their emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with purposively selected 40 respondents (aged 13 to 19 years), from different educational institutions through purposive sampling. A thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke was used to identify some of the main themes, including anxiety related to social media, body image and self-esteem issues, cyberbullying, disrupted sleep, academic issues and social isolation, despite being visible online. Studies show that social media use is linked to anxiety, low self-esteem and cyberbullying; The study was conducted adhering to strict ethical guidelines. All participants gave informed consent, and parental consent was obtained for minors. All participants were assured of confidentiality, and any identifiers were removed to effectively anonymize them. In addition, they were informed that they could quit the study at any time without any consequences. experts say the platforms also impact sleep and grades. Despite enabling online connectivity, it contributes towards social isolation in world. These findings underscore the urgent need to implement school- and family-based interventions geared towards reducing the pernicious psychological effects of the social media environment on adolescents. We can overcome these challenges only by running awareness campaigns, guiding parents, and mentoring our children on the importance of digital literacy to create a healthier environment for online life. The results add to a growing conversation about adolescent mental health in the digital age
The Role of Socioeconomic Status in FinTech Adoption and Financial Access Examining the Mediating Effect of Socioeconomic Disparities
Authors: Nazir Ullah Khan  , Faheem Zeb  , Dr. Asghar Kamal  , Dr. Naveed Azeem  , Dr. Azmat Ali Shah
Published: February 2025

Financial technology (FinTech) has revolutionized access to financial services, particularly in developing economies. However, disparities in socioeconomic status (SES) continue to shape individuals' ability to engage with digital financial solutions. This study investigates the relationship between FinTech adoption and financial access, with a specific focus on the mediating role of SES. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study analyzes survey data to examine the impact of income, education, and employment status on financial inclusion through digital platforms. The findings reveal that FinTech adoption significantly enhances financial access, but SES plays a crucial mediating role in determining the extent of its benefits. Higher-income, well-educated individuals are more likely to engage with advanced FinTech solutions, while lower-income individuals face barriers such as limited digital literacy, lack of internet access, and distrust in financial institutions. The study highlights policy implications, emphasizing the need for financial literacy programs, digital infrastructure expansion, and inclusive regulatory frameworks to bridge the digital divide. These insights contribute to the growing discourse on financial inclusion by demonstrating that while FinTech holds promise in expanding access to financial services, its full potential remains unevenly distributed across socioeconomic groups. Addressing these challenges is essential for fostering an inclusive and equitable financial ecosystem in emerging markets.
Public Perception on Acceptability or Stigmatization of Khula in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi  , Dr. Aneela Sultana  , Ghyas Ahmad Muazzmi  , Sadaqat Hussain  , Ahmad Raza
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the prevalent public perceptions about divorce and khula and its stigmatization that influence Pakistani society; to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the pervasive stigma informing policy interventions and promoting societal reforms. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from a representative multistage clustered randomized sample consisting upon the adult population of District Mandi Bahauddin aged 18 or older. Data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 27; indicating that there are significant differences in public perceptions about khula, divorce and its stigmatization. Specifically, divorce and Khula were found to be temperately acceptable in Pakistani society, respectively). On the other hand, stigmatization was pervasive, particularly among those with higher levels of education. Khula-seekers are rejected and discriminated more than men who seek divorce by-law. The study also found a low mean for social acceptability of divorce and Khula (M=2.17, SD=0.67) and relatively higher mean for stigmatization (M=4.74, SD=0.67). The analysis of the collected data showed that there is statistical significance between public perception and acceptability of Khula and divorce with t-value of 218.02, df of 4564. The stigmatization of these phenomena was also rounded strong, with a t-value 513,26 and with df 4564. This they did by showing that the rates of stigmatization of divorce and Khula have reached alarming proportionity as it trends above the acceptable universal level This is an advocacy for a multidimensionality approach by future researchers and policy makers in their academic and governmental discourses on the subject matter as they relate to Pakistan. This study shows that it is common and almost expected for divorce and Khula to be stigmatized in Pakistan. Implication of these finding is significant for policymakers, scholars, and social reformist struggling to address the discursive processes that devalue the worth and rights of women and men struggling with divorce or Khula.
Climate change: A growing challenge for food security in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Afshan Aziz
Published: February 2025

Pakistan, with a mushrooming population and insufficient cultivable area, is facing multiple challenges in ensuring climate change-induced food security for its people. As a country highly liable to the drastic effects of global warming, it confronts major risks including temperature changes, variations in precipitation, and natural disasters. These factors have a significant impact on agricultural output, water availability, and livestock health. So, the current article aims to look into the adverse effects of climate change on food security. In addition, the article investigates various mitigation and adaptation options, like introducing climate-smart agricultural technologies, water management, and legislative reforms, to maintain food security and counter climate change hazards. The study has adopted a qualitative research methodology which provides a full explanation and supports interpretive objectives. Data is collected using qualitative research methodologies since the nature of the inquiry is qualitative. The data source is of secondary nature. The study findings underline the urgent requirement for comprehensive and diverse methods to address the intricate issue of global warming and its consequences for Pakistan's food security.
Linkage of Exchange Rate and Trade: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Sidra Liaqat  , Sarah Arshi  , Hasan Kamran
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between the Real Effective Exchange Rate and Pakistan's exports and imports. This paper examines the processes occurring in Pakistan, namely the devaluation process and its impact on trade balances and the balance of payments. A time series dataset up to 2021 was acquired for the research, and after the unit root test for integrated variables, the long-run coefficients were estimated using the ARDL method. To further substantiate the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables, the limits test for cointegration was utilized. Consequently, the empirical data indicates that all coefficients of the independent variables have negative consequences for Pakistan's balance of payments. The boundaries test for cointegration assesses the existence of a long-term relationship. The author contends that devaluation has a minimal impact on Pakistan's balance of payments, necessitating alternative strategies to rectify trade balances. Furthermore, to augment its part of needs, the government must focus its efforts on promoting a higher amount of foreign direct investment through improved policies.
Childhood Traumatic Experiences, Social Capital and Mental Health Issues Among Adults
Authors: Sakina Bibi  , Dr Noor Alam
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationships between childhood traumatic experiences, mental health outcomes, and social capital in young adults. A scoping review of existing literature and a correlational study of 200 participants revealed significant connections between trauma, mental health, and social capital. The findings suggest that childhood trauma can have lasting impacts on mental health and social relationships, but also highlight the potential for social support networks to buffer the adverse effects of trauma. The study's results inform the development of trauma-informed interventions and social support systems to promote resilience and improve mental health outcomes in young adults with childhood trauma.
Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Pakistani English: A Sociolinguistic Analysis
Authors: Zafar Nazeer Awan  , Uzma Begum  , Mehran Khan
Published: February 2025

This work investigates one of the most intriguing and frequently used sociolinguistic phenomena—code-switching and code-mixing in Pakistani English—focusing on its patterns, triggers, and consequences in a multilingual setting. This research employs Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame Model and Giles' Communication Accommodation Theory to examine the influence of sociocultural variables such as gender, age, social status, and digital on language. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were acquired through naturalistic observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with people spanning a variety of demographic backgrounds. The results indicate that code-switching and code-mixing function as mechanisms for the construction of identity, facilitating the bridging of linguistic divides and the navigation of social environments. Relativization and related patterns within and between sentences are common, English is used where the formality or when the professional language is required, whereas Urdu is used to express culture or emotions. The research stresses about the importance of digital communicative media in developing these practices and portrays a continuum of attitudes for bi-lingual language use – right from the linguistic competence to the cultural insipidness. In doing so, this study expands the theory of sociolinguistics and brings crucial insights that will be helpful for educating policymakers and the general public in Pakistan and beyond. The sociolinguistic study particularly highlights the salient features of code-switching and code-mixing within the context of Pakistani these activities highlight the complexity of communicational interactions in a multilingual setting, illustrating how language and the self-intersect in a multicultural linguistic environment.
Memory, Trauma, and Desire: The depiction of the unspoken Past in Han Kangs novel “ The Vegetarian”
Authors: Saad Hameed  , Husna Iqbal  , Dr. jahanzeb Jahan  , Muhammad Kashif Aziz
Published: February 2025

This research paper is aimed to explores the intricate relationship between trauma, memory and desire in Han Kang’s 2007 novel “The Vegetarian”. It focuses on how the unspoken past is reconstructed and conveyed through the fragmented narrative structure of the novel. Yeong-hye: the protagonist of the novel, undergoes a radical transformation in the course of the narrative. She is an iconoclastic who rejects societal norms and embraces vegetarianism. This acts as both a symptom and a manifestation of unprocessed trauma and suppressed memories. This research investigates how Yeong-hye’s rejection of flesh and food signifies a larger denial of psychological and bodily suffering which is tied to a traumatic past. The novel reflects a deeper individual and societal struggle with repression. The paper employs trauma theory. It employs the concepts particularly proposed by scholars such as Cathy Caruth and Dori Laub to analyze the silences and gaps in the narrative. These suggestive gaps function as sites of unarticulated trauma. This study, through a close reading of the text, also engages with the portrayal of desire in the novel. Both the existential and sexual desires are identified as a driving force that shapes the interaction of the characters with the past. The work interests to explore how Han Kang’s novel uses the disruption of memory and the unspoken Past to reflect the emotional and psychological scars which are left by collective as well as personal histories.