bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Heavy Section Ductile Iron
Authors: Mourad Mohamed Mahmoud , El-Hadad Shimaa , Ibrahim Mervat Mohamed , Nofal Adel Abdelmonem
Published: January 2015

The main objective of the current work is to investigate the influence of different inoculation conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron (DI) castings. Inoculation treatment was done via one step and double step treatments with different amounts of inoculants. The mechanical properties of the fabricated samples were evaluated. The best inoculation procedure in terms of graphite nodules characteristics and mechanical properties was double inoculation with 0.8% inoculants added at first and 0.2% in the late inoculation step. The presence of Sb in one of the cast alloys controlled the growth of graphite nodules in these heavy section ductile iron castings; however low impact toughness was recorded. The matrix structure of ductile cast iron showed a significant influence not only on the strength and impact properties but also on the fracture mode during testing.
Determining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Responsiveness of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): Further Data
Authors: Basra M.K.A. , Salek M.S. , Camilleri L. , Sturkey R. , Finlay A.Y.
Published: January 2015

Aims: To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and its responsiveness to change in inflammatory skin diseases. Methods: A longitudinal study: at stage 1, patients completed the DLQI and a disease severity global question; at stage 2, a global rating of change in quality of life (QoL; Global Rating of Change Questionnaire, GRCQ) was added and used as an anchor to measure the MCID of the DLQI. Results: 192 patients completed stage 1 and 107 completed stage 2. The mean DLQI score at stage 1 was 9.8 and 7.4 at stage 2 with a mean change of 2.4 (p < 0.0001). 31 patients experienced a ‘small change' in their QoL (±3 and ±2) on the GRCQ. The mean corresponding change in DLQI scores was 3.3, which is regarded as the approximate MCID. Conclusions: Previous estimates of the MCID of the DLQI have varied from 3 to 5. Although this study demonstrated a MCID of 3.3, we recommend that the MCID in inflammatory skin diseases should be 4.
Direct Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection on Archived Pap Smears Using Nested PCR
Authors: Ziaei Hezarjaribi Hajar , Taghavi Mahbobeh , Fakhar Mahdi , Gholami Shirzad
Published: January 2015

Objectives: Little information is available concerning PCR-based direct detection of Trichomonas infections on archived Pap (Papanicolaou)-stained smears. This study investigates DNA extraction and amplification from archived Pap smears. Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that infects the urogenital tract of women. Study Design: DNA from archived Pap-stained smears was successfully amplified using the nested PCR to investigate if it could be used for accurate detection and retrospective epidemiological investigations. Results: In our study, 98 (75.4%) out of 130 specimens of T. vaginalis Pap-stained smears were found to be positive by the nested PCR. Also, direct PCR on the archived Pap smears for identifying T. vaginalis gave a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: PCR-based Pap smears appear to offer an effective method to detect Trichomonas infection in archived samples, being rapid, highly specific and convenient for sampling, particularly in retrospective investigations.
Clinical Factors Associated with Negative Urinary Antigen Tests Implemented for the Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adult Patients
Authors: Watanabe Hidehiro , Uruma Tomonori , Tazaki Gen , Kikuchi Ryota , Tsuji Takao , Itoh Masayuki
Published: January 2015

Objective: This study investigated clinical factors associated with negative urinary antigen tests (UAT) implemented for the diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 755 adult patients who completed the UAT in our hospital between 2009 and 2012. Of these, we evaluated 63 patients with bacteriologically confirmed definite pneumococcal CAP (33 were UAT-positive, and 30 were UAT-negative). Results: There was no significant difference between the UAT-positive and the UAT-negative patients regarding age, dehydration, respiratory failure, orientation, blood pressure (ADROP) score (the CAP severity score proposed by the Japanese Respiratory Society), gender, white blood cell counts, liver/kidney function tests, or urinalysis. However, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were 31% lower in the UAT-negative patients than in the UAT-positive patients (p = 0.02). Furthermore, the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio was 50% higher in the UAT-negative patients than in the UAT-positive patients, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). The prevalence of comorbidities was similar in both UAT-positive and UAT-negative patients. However, warfarin had been prescribed in 8 (27%) of the UAT-negative patients compared to only 1 (3%) of the UAT-positive patients (odds ratio = 11.6; p = 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggested that low serum CRP concentrations and the use of warfarin increased the possibility with which false-negative UAT results occurred in these patients with pneumococcal CAP.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome in a Girl Caused by Heterozygous WASP Mutation and Extremely Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation: A Novel Association with Maternal Uniparental Isodisomy 6
Authors: Takimoto Tomohito , Takada Hidetoshi , Ishimura Masataka , Kirino Makiko , Hata Kenichiro , Ohara Osamu , Morio Tomohiro , Hara Toshiro
Published: January 2015

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disease characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema and immune deficiency, caused primarily by mutations in the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) gene. Female carriers are usually asymptomatic because of the preferential activation of the normal, nonmutated X-chromosome in their hematopoietic cells. We report our observations of a female child with WAS, who displayed symptoms of congenital thrombocytopenia. DNA sequencing analysis of the WASP gene revealed a heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 10. The expressions of WASP and normal WASP mRNA were defective. We found preferential inactivation of the X-chromosome on which wild-type WASP was located. Single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray testing and the analysis of the polymorphic variable number of tandem repeat regions revealed maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6 (UPD6). Our results underscore the importance of WASP evaluation in females with congenital thrombocytopenia and suggest that UPD6 might be related to the pathophysiology of nonrandom X-chromosome inactivation.
An Unusually Heavy Heart
Authors: Doolub Gemina , Doolub Khoolseeduth
Published: January 2015

A 47-year-old female presented with worsening insidious symptoms of breathlessness and leg swelling over the last 12 months. Whilst her ECG and chest X-ray were relatively unremarkable on admission, an echocardiogram demonstrated a large-sized left atrial myxoma. This tumour was resected by the cardiac surgeons the next day, with very good postoperative results. The ensuing discussion details the anatomy and physiology of myxomas, their epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic investigations and management.
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Vitamin A and D Deficiency in Two Autistic Teenagers: Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Duignan Emma , Kenna Paul , Watson Rosemarie , Fitzsimon Susan , Brosnahan Donal
Published: January 2015

We describe the cases of 2 autistic children with ophthalmic and systemic manifestations of vitamin A deficiency due to food faddism. Although vitamin A deficiency is common in the developing world, reports in developed societies are rare. Our patients presented over a 1-year period. The patients were 14 and 13 years old at the time of presentation and were both found to have marked features of vitamin A deficiency related to unusual dietary habits. Anterior segment signs of xerophthalmia were present in both patients. In addition, patient 1 showed evidence of a rod-predominant retinopathy, which resolved with vitamin A supplementation. Due to its rare occurrence, hypovitaminosis A must be highlighted and anticipated in this cohort.
Peritoneal Recurrence of Initially Controlled Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Sadykov Nariman , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Kinoshita Ayaka , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Adachi Tomohiko , Kitasato Amane , Fujita Fumihiko , Kuroki Tamotsu , Eguchi Susumu
Published: January 2015

It is well known that the presence of end-stage liver disease increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver transplantation (LT) for patients within the Milan criteria has become a standard treatment for HCC in most developed centers worldwide. However, a major cause of death in cirrhotic patients with HCC after transplantation is tumor recurrence, including peritoneal recurrences, which develops rarely but presents a significant problem with regard to their management. Our experience includes two cases with HCC within the Milan criteria of peritoneal recurrences after living donor LT. Both patients had interventions for HCC in their medical history before LT, and we propose that these might have been a possible cause of the HCC peritoneal recurrence.
Autonomous Pattern Formation of Micro-organic Cell Density with Optical Interlink between Two Isolated Culture Dishes
Authors: Ozasa Kazunari , Lee Jeesoo , Song Simon , Hara Masahiko , Maeda Mizuo
Published: January 2015

Artificial linking of two isolated culture dishes is a fascinating means of investigating interactions among multiple groups of microbes or fungi. We examined artificial interaction between two isolated dishes containing Euglena cells, which are photophobic to strong blue light. The spatial distribution of swimming Euglena cells in two micro-aquariums in the dishes was evaluated as a set of new measures: the trace momentums (TMs). The blue light patterns next irradiated onto each dish were deduced from the set of TMs using digital or analogue feedback algorithms. In the digital feedback experiment, one of two different pattern-formation rules was imposed on each feedback system. The resultant cell distribution patterns satisfied the two rules with an and operation, showing that cooperative interaction was realized in the interlink feedback. In the analogue experiment, two dishes A and B were interlinked by a feedback algorithm that illuminated dish A (B) with blue light of intensity proportional to the cell distribution in dish B (A). In this case, a distribution pattern and its reverse were autonomously formed in the two dishes. The autonomous formation of a pair of reversal patterns reflects a type of habitat separation realized by competitive interaction through the interlink feedback. According to this study, interlink feedback between two or more separate culture dishes enables artificial interactions between isolated microbial groups, and autonomous cellular distribution patterns will be achieved by correlating various microbial species, despite environmental and spatial scale incompatibilities. The optical interlink feedback is also useful for enhancing the performance of Euglena-based soft biocomputing.
Notes trophoniaques, V
Authors: Bonnechere Pierre
Published: January 2015

In his lost book On the descent to Trophonios (F 81 Mihrady), Dicaearchus alludes to the tomb of Harpalus’ courtesan, Pythionike. The contextualisation of the fragment cited by Athenaeus allows us to explain why the sophist made this allusion, considered trivial up to now : Harpalus, as it was believed, had evoked the soul of Pythionike in the East, thanks to the intervention of the Magoi. The oracle of Trophonius at Lebadeia implied a revelation quite close to nekyomancy, and Trophonius himself was associated with Magoi and their religious personality by Strabo and Lucian. Besides, this paper also comments on Python’s drama, Agên satyrikos (tgf 91 F 1 Snell), on the Greek mindset on the localities called ‘aornon’, and the difficulty of distinguishing facts of representation from real facts.
Hedylus (4 and 5 Gow–Page) and Callimachean Poetics
Authors: Sens Alexander
Published: January 2015

The phrase λεπτὸν καί τι μελιχρὸν ἔπος in Hedylus 5 Gow–Page has been read as engaging with Callimachean esthetic language, though its precise significance has been debated. This paper argues that Hedylus’ engagement with Callimachean esthetic imagery and language is best understood by juxtaposing Hedylus 4 and 5 Gow–Page. The structure of the former, on a gold rhyton dedicated to Arsinoe Zephyritis, pointedly treats two Egyptian deities—one miniature, the other colossal—in language evocative of poetic composition, and does so in a way that effaces the bright oppositions between large and small in the prologue to Callimachus’ Aetia. At the same time, the poem identifies sounds made by wine with sounds made by water, and thus sheds light on Hedylus’ treatment of wine as a source of poetic inspiration in both epigrams. Far from being a rebuttal of Callimachean values, these poems appropriate and adapt his esthetic imagery and language to the genre of epigram.
Song Sweeter than Orpheus’
Authors: Ager Britta
Published: January 2015

In Euripides’ Medea, Jason expresses a preference for fame over riches or musical talent such as that which Orpheus possesses. Orpheus was well-known for the supernaturally persuasive qualities of his music, and as the play makes clear, Jason’s rejection of Orpheus’ talents is not purely rhetorical—he lacks the persuasive skill of Orpheus, skill which he needs to reconcile Medea to his new marriage. Medea is persistently compared to things which Orpheus is able to influence through his song, such as rocks, lions, and bulls, highlighting Jason’s failure to persuade where the mythical singer succeeds. Jason is, however, successful in persuading his new bride; as a lover rather than a husband, he possesses Orpheus’ abilities. The implied comparison between Jason and Orpheus foreshadows the death of Jason’s Corinthian bride and Jason’s downfall at the hands of a woman.
‘What if We Could?’
Authors: T. N. Timothy Lim
Published: January 2015

Ecumenists believe that the recent convergence text The Church: Toward a Common Vision (tcv) rides on the success of Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry (bem) and offers churches a way forward in the quest for Christian unity. This article productively imagines the future of a reconciled unity on the basis of tcv. I will use the notion of ‘productive recognition’ as a springboard to launch this image of ‘productive ecumenism’. Churches need to reframe what they have historically understood as fundamental challenges to unity. Only then can they envision ‘what if we could?’ and replace ‘but we can’t!’. This invitation expresses ecumenism in terms of confessions, sacramentalities, and the witness of the gospel.
Desperately Seeking Someone: Attachment Theory and the Danger of Speaking God’s Name.
Authors: Fancourt Graeme
Published: January 2015

This paper is a praxis-driven theological reflection upon Attachment Theory and Religious Faith, specifically questioning the extent to which disruption of the attachment system during adolescence influences how the name of God might be heard. Attachment theory is presented using a story alongside an explanation of the work of Simone de Roos and Lee Kirkpatrick. Following an analysis of their findings, it is suggested that Attachment theory is a development of Feuerbach’s projection critique of Christian faith within psycho-social discourse. Three theological reflections upon this analysis are presented and reviewed: a literalist perspective, a pure-narrative theological reflection, and a third approach, built on the work of Sallie McFague, which emphasises the reciprocal nature of the Christian names of God. This paper proposes that praxis operating in the mode of the first two reflections may encourage either a superstitious invoking of God’s name, or an idealisation of the church as community. The aim of the final theological reflection is to inform a ministry that encourages sharing in God’s names as a redemptive resource for a Christian understanding of self-formation.
Faith Crossroads and Social Networks: The Transition from Inherited Faith to Owned Faith.
Authors: Johnstone Carlton
Published: January 2015

This paper discusses the way social networks in and outside of church can facilitate a faith crossroad through the creation of cognitive dissonance and alternative lifestyles. This paper argues that the decision that one makes at the faith crossroad will impact upon the different processes of influence upon faith identified by Herbert Kelman: compliance, identification, and internalization. Drawing on Kelman’s theory provides insight into the transition that occurs from inherited faith to owned faith within a church context. This paper is based upon religious life story interviews conducted
with young adults.
Burnout Among Religious Youth Workers: A Cross National Analysis
Authors: Kageler Len
Published: January 2015

The subject of burn-out has received a great deal of popular and academic attention, as the issue is a common problem and experience in both the United States and European Union context. This paper, after a representative literature review, presents and analyzes findings about burnout among youth workers. In Fall 2006 a survey on youth ministry burn out was conducted by the author in the United States, with an N of 155. The identical survey was conducted in 2008 among youth workers in the European Union, with an eventual N of 98. This research will be of interest not only to youth ministry practitioners, but those who teach youth workers as well.
‘Negotiating Orthoyatra’: A Rationale for Anglican Youth Ministry
Authors: Griffiths Steve
Published: January 2015

In this paper, Rev Dr Steve Griffiths outlines a rationale for Anglican Youth Ministry within a psycho-philosophical framework. His approach is to fuse insights from both Western and Eastern psychological traditions and seek to locate Anglican praxis within this framework, focussing most especially on the notions of mission, personal spirituality and the role of community. He develops the notion of orthoyatra to denote the ‘process of becoming’, which the Anglican tradition encourages amongst its communicants as a life-practice.
Contexts That Have Influenced Young Australian Maronite Adults’ Spirituality
Authors: Ghosn Margaret
Published: January 2015

The research described in this paper examined the Maronite spirituality of 33 young Australian-Lebanese adults who attended a Maronite1 Catholic Church in Sydney, Australia. Data gathered through qualitative methods of in-depth and focus group interviews were collated using grounded theory, to reveal the cultural resources utilized as interpretive structures for their life journeys. Apparent influences on their Maronite spirituality is evidenced through ecclesial, social and cultural contexts.
Christian Spirituality and the Well-being Agenda.
Authors: Pimlott Nash
Published: January 2015

This article discusses demonization and toxicity as illustrative of the life of young people in the UK. It offers definitions of well-being and the role of spirituality within this. We propose that unless the underlying well-being of young people is taken seriously, improved upon and re-imagined, then the challenges some young people encounter will develop into long-term problems well into adulthood. Furthermore, those young people who have relatively few challenges and problems will be at risk of being contaminated by the assault upon their well-being resulting in damage to them that will manifest itself in personal, communal and social problems. We argue that without the spiritual dimension, however, constructs, policy and approaches to well-being are lacking.
Post-Apartheid Whiteness and the Challenge of Youth Ministry in the Dutch Reformed Church
Authors: Wyngaard Cobus van
Published: January 2015

This article seeks to draw from postcolonial missiology and critical perspectives on whiteness in identifying the continuing challenges concerning racialised whiteness facing youth ministry within the Dutch Reformed Church in the South African context. It suggests the development of a self-critical attitude as a central theological task of youth ministry.
“Confessionality” in Youth Ministry
Authors: Norheim Bård
Published: January 2015

This article, departing from the ambition of IASYM to be “completely ecumenical,” discusses the importance of “confessionality” in youth ministry and youth ministry research. As a pre-text to analyzing how confessional tradition and context plays out in some key youth ministry publications, the author points out how youth ministry historically emerged within a mission paradigm where the urge to guard and reproduce confessional identity was crucial. Following this analysis, the article sets out to develop an ecumenical understanding of “confessionality,” rooted in the ancient question “what do Christians do?” The author, emphasizing that the crux of Christian identity is worship, concludes that “confessionality” in the context of youth ministry from this perspective is confessional, catholic, and missional. Therefore, even in the IASYM, being “completely ecumenical” also involves being “confessional” in a certain sense.
The Sexual Attitudes of Religiously Committed Canadian Youth Within the Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches
Authors: Francis Leslie J , Fawcett Bruce G , Linkletter Jody
Published: January 2015

This study examines the responses of 645 (257 males and 388 females) religiously committed (attending Sunday church services at least monthly) Canadian Baptist youth (between the ages of 14 and 18 years) to the five-item Index of Sexual Attitudes. The data demonstrated that the majority of thee young people continued to espouse traditional Christian moral values, although a significant minority of them had adopted more liberal perspectives. Oral sex before marriage was judged to be usually or always wrong by 70% of the males and 75% of the females. Sexual intercourse prior to marriage was judged to be usually or always wrong by 82% of the males and 83% of the females. Sexual relations between two individuals of the same sex was judged to be usually or always wrong by 90% of the males and 81% of the females. Abortion was judged to be usually or always wrong by 83% of the males and 90% of the females. Cohabitation was regarded as more readily acceptable: 54% of the males and 61% of the females regarded an unmarried couple living together as usually or always wrong. Such high levels of endorsement for traditional Christian moral values seem to stand in stark contract with the values of many secular youth.
Theological Worlds Investigation
Authors: Reese Jeanene , Pittman Amanda
Published: January 2015

The purpose of the study is to analyze W. Paul Jones’ five Theological Worlds for the Millennial generation while also introducing and investigating the validity of a sixth Theological World based on Feminist Theology. The study was conducted among sophomore level students enrolled in a common course in the Department of Bible, Missions, and Ministry at Abilene Christian University.
Some Kind of Monstrosity: What Youth Ministry Can Learn From Heavy Metal
Authors: Lief Jason
Published: January 2015

This article brings Slovoj Zizek’s articulation of Pauline Christianity into conversation with Norwegian Black Metal (Gorgoroth) in order to demonstrate the subversive role of popular culture as it challenges the panoptic ideological power of the status quo. Through dialogue with elements of popular culture, like Black Metal, youth ministry is reminded of its prophetic function to challenge the powers of this age as it proclaims the monstrosity of the crucified and resurrected Christ.
Foundations and Models of Muslim to Muslim Youth Work
Authors: Kageler Len
Published: January 2015

This article explorers the Qur’anic, philosophical, and socio/cultural foundations of Muslim youth work, as well as Muslim youth work praxis. This research rest on three categories of source material: 1) an examination of key published and unpublished source documents, 2) a comprehensive review of international and country specific Muslim websites, and 3) extensive personal interviews with key Muslim youth work trainers in the UK, Canada, and the US. This paper concludes by suggesting three positive challenges for Christian youth work done in the presence of a robust Muslim youth work.
Professional Boundaries in the Practice of Youth Ministry: An Ethnographic Study of the Limits of Relationships.
Authors: Hart Peter
Published: January 2015

Although much has been discussed in secular social science literature on the use of professional boundaries in limiting interactions between practitioners and young people, there last been little empirical research into professional boundaries in a youth ministry context. Here it is argued, through the use of an ethnographic study of youth clubs in the UK, that a youth ministry context offers unique challenges and opportunities for the use of professional boundaries, in particular where missiological and incarnational influences seek to delimit the scope and influence of youth ministers’ interactions with young people.
Servant-Leadership: A Model for Youth Ministry
Authors: Canales Arthur David
Published: January 2015

This article addresses the importance of servant-leadership and to be utilized as one model of leadership for integration and implementation within a Christian youth ministry. Essentially the essay is divided two sections: The first part of the paper provides a brief background on servant-leadership, addresses the theology of servant-leadership, and examines 10 theological characteristics for integration into Christian youth ministry. The second section of the paper provides 6 pedagogical and pastoral implementation strategies for youth ministers to apply in their programs. The ideas in this essay are also applicable to campus ministries and young adult ministries.
Natural Gas Prices and the Extreme Winters of 2011/12 and 2013/14: Causes, Indicators, and Interactions
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Bennett Stephen , Cordeira Jason M. , Crouch Jake , Dissen Jenny , Lang Andrea L. , Margolin David , O’Shay Adam , Rennie Jared , Schneider Thomas Ian , Ventrice Michael J.
Published: January 2015

Day-to-day volatility in natural gas markets is driven largely by variability in heating demand, which is in turn dominated by cool-season temperature anomalies over the northeastern quadrant of the United States (“Midwest–East”). Energy traders rely on temperature forecasts at horizons of 2–4 weeks to anticipate those fluctuations in demand. Forecasts from dynamical models are widely available, so the markets react quickly to changes in the model predictions. Traders often work with meteorologists who leverage teleconnections from the tropics and the Arctic to improve upon the model forecasts. This study demonstrates how natural gas prices react to Midwest–East temperatures using the anomalous winters of 2011/12 and 2013/14. These examples also illustrate how energy meteorologists use teleconnections from the Arctic and the tropics to forecast heating demand.

Winter 2011/12 was exceptionally warm, consistent with the positive Arctic Oscillation (AO). March 2012 was a fitting exclamation point on the winter as it featured the largest warm anomaly for the United States above the twentieth-century climatology of any month since 1895. The resulting lack of heating demand led to record surpluses of natural gas storage and spurred prices downward to an 11-yr low in April 2012. In sharp contrast, winter 2013/14 was unusually cold. An anomalous Alaskan ridge led to cold air being transported from Siberia into the United States, despite the AO generally being positive. The ensuing swell in heating demand exhausted the surplus natural gas inventory, and prices rose to their highest levels since the beginning of the global recession in 2008.
A Combined Derivation of the Integrated and Vertically Resolved, Coupled Wave–Current Equations
Authors: Mellor George
Published: January 2015

There exist different theories representing the effects of surface gravity waves on oceanic flow fields. In the past, the author has conjectured that the vertically integrated, two-dimensional fluid equations of motion put forward by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart are correct and that theories that differ from their theory cannot be entirely correct; this paper explores these differences. Longuet-Higgins and Stewart deduced vertically integrated, two-dimensional equations featuring a wave radiation stress term in the fluid dynamic, momentum equation. More recently, the author has proposed vertically dependent, three-dimensional equations that have required correction but when vertically integrated, agreed with the earlier, two-dimensional equations. This paper derives both vertically independent and vertically dependent equations from the same base and, importantly, using the same expression for pressure in the belief that the paper will contribute to the understanding and clarification of this seemingly difficult topic in ocean dynamics. An error in the classical papers by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart has been detected. Although the final phase-averaged result was correct, the error has had consequences in the development of vertically dependent equations. The prognostic equations in this paper are for the Eulerian current plus Stokes drift; toward the end of the paper these equations are contrasted with prognostic equations for the Eulerian current alone.
A Statistical Analysis on the Dependence of Tropical Cyclone Intensification Rate on the Storm Intensity and Size in the North Atlantic
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yuqing
Published: January 2015

The dependence of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rate IR on storm intensity and size was statistically analyzed for North Atlantic TCs during 1988–2012. The results show that IR is positively (negatively) correlated with storm intensity (the maximum sustained near-surface wind speed Vmax) when Vmax is below (above) 70–80 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1), and negatively correlated with storm size in terms of the radius of maximum wind (RMW), the average radius of gale-force wind (AR34), and the outer-core wind skirt parameter DR34 (=AR34 − RMW). The turning point for Vmax of 70–80 kt is explained as a balance between the potential intensification and the maximum potential intensity (MPI). The highest IR occurs for Vmax = 80 kt, RMW ≤ 40 km, and AR34 = DR34 = 150 km. The high frequency of occurrence of intensifying TCs occurs for Vmax ≤ 80 kt and RMW between 20 and 60 km, AR34 ≤ 200 km, and DR34 ≤ 150 km. Rapid intensification (RI) often occurs in a relatively narrow parameter space in storm intensity and both inner- and outer-core sizes. In addition, a theoretical basis for the intensity dependency has also been provided based on a previously constructed simplified dynamical system for TC intensity prediction.
PAD4-deficiency does not affect bacteremia in polymicrobial sepsis and ameliorates endotoxemic shock
Authors: Martinod Kimberly , Fuchs Tobias A. , Zitomersky Naamah L. , Wong Siu Ling , Demers Melanie , Gallant Maureen , Wang Yanming , Wagner Denisa D.
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Absence of NETs in PAD4−/− mice did not affect bacteremia in polymicrobial sepsis produced by cecal ligation and puncture. PAD4-deficiency improved outcome in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis.
Transcriptome-based analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in the rice response to Xanthomonas oryzae infection
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Ma Haigang , Hong Hanming , Yao Wen , Xie Weibo , Xiao Jinghua , Li Xianghua , Wang Shiping
Published: January 2015

Background

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades, with each cascade consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), and a MAP kinase (MAPK), play important roles in dicot plant responses to pathogen infection. However, no single MAP kinase cascade has been identified in rice, and the functions of MAP kinase cascades in rice − pathogen interactions are unknown.

Results

To explore the contribution of MAP kinase cascade in rice in response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight, one of the devastating diseases of rice worldwide, we performed a comprehensive expression analysis of rice MAP kinase cascade genes. We transcriptionally analyzed all the 74 MAPKKK genes, 8 MAPKK, and 17 MAPK genes in two pairs of susceptible and resistant rice lines, with each pair having the same genetic background, to determine the rice response to Xoo infection. The expression of a large number of MAP kinase cascade genes changed in response to infection, and some of the genes also showed different expression in resistant and susceptible reactions. In addition, some MAPKKK genes co-expressed with MAPKK and/or MAPK genes, and MAPKK genes co-expressed with MAPK genes.

Conclusions

These results provide a new perspective regarding the putative roles of rice MAP kinase gene candicates and potential cascade targets for further characterization in rice–pathogen interactions.
Multigene prognostic tests in breast cancer: past, present, future
Authors: Győrffy Balázs , Hatzis Christos , Sanft Tara , Hofstatter Erin , Aktas Bilge , Pusztai Lajos
Published: January 2015

There is growing consensus that multigene prognostic tests provide useful complementary information to tumor size and grade in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. The tests primarily rely on quantification of ER and proliferation-related genes and combine these into multivariate prediction models. Since ER-negative cancers tend to have higher proliferation rates, the prognostic value of current multigene tests in these cancers is limited. First-generation prognostic signatures (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, Genomic Grade Index) are substantially more accurate to predict recurrence within the first 5 years than in later years. This has become a limitation with the availability of effective extended adjuvant endocrine therapies. Newer tests (Prosigna, EndoPredict, Breast Cancer Index) appear to possess better prognostic value for late recurrences while also remaining predictive of early relapse. Some clinical prediction problems are more difficult to solve than others: there are no clinically useful prognostic signatures for ER-negative cancers, and drug-specific treatment response predictors also remain elusive. Emerging areas of research involve the development of immune gene signatures that carry modest but significant prognostic value independent of proliferation and ER status and represent candidate predictive markers for immune-targeted therapies. Overall metrics of tumor heterogeneity and genome integrity (for example, homologue recombination deficiency score) are emerging as potential new predictive markers for platinum agents. The recent expansion of high-throughput technology platforms including low-cost sequencing of circulating and tumor-derived DNA and RNA and rapid reliable quantification of microRNA offers new opportunities to build extended prediction models across multiplatform data.
Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on the genus Syringa
Authors: Su Guozhu , Cao Yuan , Li Chun , Yu Xuelong , Gao Xiaoli , Tu Pengfei , Chai Xingyun
Published: January 2015

Genus Syringa, belonging to the Oleaceae family, consists of more than 40 plant species worldwide, of which 22 species, including 18 endemic species, are found in China. Most Syringa plants are used in making ornaments and traditional medicines, whereas some are employed for construction or economic use. Previous studies have shown that extracts of Syringa plants mainly contain iridoids, lignans, and phenylethanoids that have antitumor, antihypertensive, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study reviews phytochemical and pharmacological progress on Syringa in the recent 20 years and discusses the future research prospects to provide a reference in further promotion and application of the genus.
Virtual network security: threats, countermeasures, and challenges
Authors: Bays Leonardo Richter , Oliveira Rodrigo Ruas , Barcellos Marinho Pilla , Gaspary Luciano Paschoal , Mauro Madeira Edmundo Roberto
Published: January 2015

Network virtualization has become increasingly prominent in recent years. It enables the creation of network infrastructures that are specifically tailored to the needs of distinct network applications and supports the instantiation of favorable environments for the development and evaluation of new architectures and protocols. Despite the wide applicability of network virtualization, the shared use of routing devices and communication channels leads to a series of security-related concerns. It is necessary to provide protection to virtual network infrastructures in order to enable their use in real, large scale environments. In this paper, we present an overview of the state of the art concerning virtual network security. We discuss the main challenges related to this kind of environment, some of the major threats, as well as solutions proposed in the literature that aim to deal with different security aspects.
Acquisition of data at multiple gains within a single thermal melt experiment using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument
Authors: Gandham Sai Hari A , Volk David E , Gorenstein David G
Published: January 2015

Background

Rotor-Gene Q instrument was used to perform high-resolution protein thermal melt studies to characterize protein-small-molecule interaction. Fluorescent dye (1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS)) is used as a reporter of protein unfolding to measure the protein melting temperature (T
m). Variations in the fluorescence yield upon titration of small molecules with the protein resulted in poor melting curves at low gain while a high gain setting caused signal saturation leading to data loss.

Findings

Acquisition of data at multiple gains within a single experiment provided high-quality data for samples with both low and high fluorescence yields. The melting temperatures were measured for all the samples in one run, while avoiding loss of data due to signal saturation. This method was successfully used to measure the binding constant by titration of a small-molecule ligand with the target protein.

Conclusion

Protein thermal melt experiments using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument have been made feasible for samples that show variations in fluorescence yield. Furthermore, since protein melting is irreversible, using multiple gains in the same experiment prevented loss of sample and saved gain optimization time.
de Rham cohomology of local cohomology modules: The graded case
Authors: Puthenpurakal Tony J.
Published: January 2015

Let K be a field of characteristic zero, and let R = K[X1,… ,Xn]. Let An(K) = K⟨X1,… ,Xn,∂1,… ,∂n⟩ be the nth Weyl algebra over K. We consider the case when R and An(K) are graded by giving deg Xi = ωi and deg ∂i = –ωi for i = 1,…,n (here ωi are positive integers). Set . Let I be a graded ideal in R. By a result due to Lyubeznik the local cohomology modules are holonomic (An(K))-modules for each i≥0. In this article we prove that the de Rham cohomology modules are concentrated in degree —ω; that is, for j ≠ –ω. As an application when A = R/(f) is an isolated singularity, we relate to Hn-1(∂(f);A), the (n – 1)th Koszul cohomology of A with respect to ∂1(f),…, ∂n(f).
Centrally Symmetric Configurations of Integer Matrices
Authors: Ohsugi Hidefumi , Hibi Takayuki
Published: January 2015

The concept of centrally symmetric configurations of integer matrices is introduced. We study the problem when the toric ring of a centrally symmetric configuration is normal and when it is Gorenstein. In addition, Gröbner bases of toric ideals of centrally symmetric configurations are discussed. Special attention is given to centrally symmetric configurations of unimodular matrices and to those of incidence matrices of finite graphs.
Fulleropyrrolidine Derivatives with Benzophenone Moiety as Electron Acceptors in Thermally Stable Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Yamane Shogo , Mizukado Junji , Takahashi Toshikazu , Suzuki Yasumasa , Sakurai Miho , Hagihara Hideaki , Suda Hiroyuki
Published: January 2015

Two fulleropyrrolidine derivatives with the benzophenone moiety were synthesized based on a molecular design that suppresses their crystallization. The organic photovoltaic devices using the fulleropyrrolidine derivatives showed higher thermal stability than the devices using [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealed that the benzophenone moiety reduced the domain sizes of the fullerene derivatives in the bulk heterojunction.
Solvent Dependence of the Intrinsic Fluorescence from Amine-containing Compounds
Authors: Liang He , Jia Dandan , Liu Hongmei , Gu Yaohang , Liu Chun , Zhao Fangfang , Chen Penglei , Wang Dongjun
Published: January 2015

The intrinsic fluorescence of a typical small amine-containing molecule, tributylamine, was first studied in polar and nonpolar solvents. The big differences in emission intensity and maximum wavelength position can be ascribed to solvation effect and solvent-induced aggregation in the different kinds of solvents.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Flower-like BiOClxIy Solid Solution Microspheres with Excellent Organic Dye Adsorption Ability
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Sun Xiuguo , Yang Guizhen , Zhu Yahui , Zhang Jianmin , Si Huayan , Li Yanting
Published: January 2015

Flower-like BiOClxIy solid solution microspheres were synthesized with a 2:1 molar ratio of chloride (Cl) to iodine (I) by a solvothermal method. The surface area of such a sample is 52.26 m2 g−1, which is at least 10 times larger than that of an individual BiOX. When used as an adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes, the microsphere exhibited notably higher adsorption ability than the individual BiOX. The adsorption efficiency could reach nearly 100% within 10 min. Relevant characterization revealed that the microsphere consisted of accumulated nanosheets.
A Simple Way to Prepare Fe3O4@Polypyrrole Hollow Capsules and Their Application as Catalyst Supports in Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Yang , Bao Lina
Published: January 2015

Fe3O4@polypyrrole (PPy) hollow capsules were prepared by hard-template method in a simple way, where construction of the PPy shell and formation of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were combined into one step. These hollow capsules could be used as supports for Pd nanoparticles. Fe3O4@PPy/Pd catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity and reusability towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Unified textbook for comprehensive school?
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: January 2015

The paper considersthe problem of developing the historical and cultural standard as well as the concept of Russian history unified textbooks

for high school according to the Mandate of the President of RF.on October 9, 2014 a bill of guidelines for History, Literature and Russian was

initiated by a group of deputies of the State Duma, that in fact reflects a tendency of return to the unified textbook. The paper estimates pros and

cons of the idea of a unified textbook for high school (in particular in relation to its first link) along with the expediency of reforms which are often

carried out in haste and withoutdomestic education authoritative experts’ and teachers’ involvement into discussion.
Modelling the Сontent of personal and meta-subject results of training (on the example of subject domain “Physical culture”)
Authors: Науменко  , Naumenko Yu.
Published: January 2015

thearticle reveals the content of the training that provide implementation of requirements of the Federal state educational standard which

sometimes causes serious difficulties at elementary school. The author offers one of the options of interpreting the content of personal and metasubject

results that can help teachers of physical culture to create conditions for implementing the Standard considering the specifics of P.E. at

elementary school.
Staging of unipolar affective illness
Authors: Ferensztajn Ewa , Remlinger-Molenda Agnieszka , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: January 2015

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono koncepcję etapów przebiegu (staging) choroby afektywnej jednobiegunowej (ChAJ), czyli depresji okresowej nawracającej. W poszczególnych podrozdziałach omówiono trzy najważniejsze aspekty tego zagadnienia: 1) Etapy (stadia) przebiegu ChAJ; 2) Stadia oporności depresji na leczenie i 3) Konwersję diagnostyczną ChAJ w chorobę afektywną dwubiegunową (ChAD). Zgromadzone w ostatnich latach dowody na tzw. neuroprogresję choroby, pozwoliły na opracowanie klasyfikacji, tzw. etapów przebiegu choroby afektywnej jednobiegunowej (staging) w oparciu o koncepcję allostazy i obciążenia allostatycznego. W przebiegu choroby dochodzi do zmian w zakresie układu neuroendokrynnego (głównie osi podwzgórze-przysadka-nadnercza, PPN) i odpornościowego, mechanizmów stresu oksydacyjnego, neuroprzekaźników, czynników neurotrofowych oraz zmian strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych mózgu. W pracy z 2007 roku Fava i Tossani rozwinęli koncepcję etapów przebiegu choroby afektywnej jednobiegunowej, przedstawiając model kontinuum pięciu następujących po sobie stadiów o określonych cechach klinicznych. W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję depresji lekoopornej i stadia lekooporności depresji w kontekście kilku modeli w tym zakresie. Ważnym elementem lekooporności depresji jest tzw. dwubiegunowość podprogowa związana ze słabszym działaniem leków przeciwdepresyjnych W przebiegu trwania choroby istnieje możliwość zmiany rozpoznania depresji okresowej na rozpoznanie choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej. Badania przeprowadzone w tym zakresie wskazują, że częstość takiej konwersji diagnostycznej wynosi 1,5% populacji chorych na depresję w ciągu roku.
A knee clinical state affects the preoperative level of anxiety in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty - preliminary report.
Authors: Ziętek Paweł , Ziętek Joanna , Szczypiór Karina , Kołodziej Łukasz , Kotrych Daniel , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej
Published: January 2015

Cel

Celem pracy była ocena, czy natężenie lęku jako stanu przed operacją alloplastyki kolana uzależnione jest od funkcji stawu kolanowego.

Metoda

Badaniem objęto 81 chorych zakwalifikowanych do protezoplastyki kolana z powodu zaawansowanych zmian zwyrodnieniowych. Funkcję stawu oceniano przy pomocy kwestionariuszy Knee Society Score i Oxford, a natężenie lęku badano w przeddzień operacji Inwentarzem Stanu i Cechy Lęku C. D. Spielbergera.

Wyniki

Chorzy z podwyższonym lękiem jako cechą mieli większe natężenie przedoperacyjnego lęku jako stanu. Do grupy o podwyższonym lęku jako cechy należały przede wszystkim osoby starsze. Ponadto u tych chorych funkcja kolana była gorsza. W badaniu stwierdzono, że im lepszy przed operacją był stan kliniczny i funkcja kolana, tym wyższy był przed operacją poziom lęku jako stanu.

Wnioski

1. Stan kliniczny kolana przed operacją wszczepienia protezy oraz lęk jako cecha są predyktorami występowania przedoperacyjnego lęku jako stanu. 2. Wśród chorych przed alloplastyką kolana poziom lęku jako cechy jest wyższy u osób starszych. 3. Przed operacją gorszy stan kliniczny kolana występował u osób z wykształceniem podstawowym w porównaniu do osób z wykształceniem średnim i wyższym. 4. Nie stwierdzono istotnej statystycznie korelacji między przedoperacyjnym lękiem a płcią, statusem pracy i stanem cywilnym chorych.