bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Approaches to Predict the Non-canonical DNAs
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Shamim Amen , Cho Seunghee , Kim Kyeong Kyu
Published: March 2019

Background:

Although most nucleotides in the genome form canonical double-stranded B-DNA, many repeated sequences transiently present as non-canonical conformations (non-B DNA) such as triplexes, quadruplexes, Z-DNA, cruciforms, and slipped/hairpins. Those noncanonical DNAs (ncDNAs) are not only associated with many genetic events such as replication, transcription, and recombination, but are also related to the genetic instability that results in the predisposition to disease. Due to the crucial roles of ncDNAs in cellular and genetic functions, various computational methods have been implemented to predict sequence motifs that generate ncDNA.

Objective:

Here, we review strategies for the identification of ncDNA motifs across the whole genome, which is necessary for further understanding and investigation of the structure and function of ncDNAs.

Conclusion:

There is a great demand for computational prediction of non-canonical DNAs that play key functional roles in gene expression and genome biology. In this study, we review the currently available computational methods for predicting the non-canonical DNAs in the genome. Current studies not only provide an insight into the computational methods for predicting the secondary structures of DNA but also increase our understanding of the roles of non-canonical DNA in the genome.
A New Approach for Predicting the Value of Gene Expression: Two-way Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Bayrak Tuncay , Oğul Hasan
Published: March 2019

Background:

Predicting the value of gene expression in a given condition is a challenging
topic in computational systems biology. Only a limited number of studies in this area have
provided solutions to predict the expression in a particular pattern, whether or not it can be done
effectively. However, the value of expression for the measurement is usually needed for further
meta-data analysis.

Methods:

Because the problem is considered as a regression task where a feature representation of
the gene under consideration is fed into a trained model to predict a continuous variable that refers
to its exact expression level, we introduced a novel feature representation scheme to support work
on such a task based on two-way collaborative filtering. At this point, our main argument is that
the expressions of other genes in the current condition are as important as the expression of the
current gene in other conditions. For regression analysis, linear regression and a recently popularized
method, called Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), are used. Pearson and Spearman correlation
coefficients and Root Mean Squared Error are used for evaluation. The effects of regression
model type, RVM kernel functions, and parameters have been analysed in our study in a gene expression
profiling data comprising a set of prostate cancer samples.

Results:

According to the findings of this study, in addition to promising results from the experimental
studies, integrating data from another disease type, such as colon cancer in our case, can
significantly improve the prediction performance of the regression model.

Conclusion:

The results also showed that the performed new feature representation approach and
RVM regression model are promising for many machine learning problems in microarray and high
throughput sequencing analysis.
A Comparative Study to Explore the Effect of Different Compounds in Immune Proteins of Human Beings Against Tuberculosis: An In-silico Approach
Authors: Tripathi Manish Kumar , Yasir Mohammad , Singh Pushpendra , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: March 2019

Background:

The lungs are directly exposed to pollutants, pathogens, allergens, and chemicals, which might lead to physiological disorders. During the Bhopal gas disaster, the lungs of the victims were exposed to various chemicals. Here, using molecular modelling studies, we describe the effects of these chemicals (Dimethyl urea, Trimethyl urea, Trimethyl isocyanurate, Alphanaphthol, Butylated hydroxytoluene and Carbaryl) on pulmonary immune proteins.

Objective:

In the current study, we performed molecular modelling methods like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies to identify the effects of hydrolytic products of MIC and dumped residues on the pulmonary immune proteins.

Methods:

Molecular docking studies of (Dimethyl urea, Trimethyl urea, Trimethyl isocyanurate, Alphanaphthol, Butylated hydroxytoluene and Carbaryl) on pulmonary immune proteins was performed using the Autodock 4.0 tool, and gromacs was used for the molecular dynamics simulation studies to get an insight into the possible mode of protein-ligand interactions. Further, in silico ADMET studies was performed using the TOPKAT protocol of discovery studio.

Results:

From docking studies, we found that surfactant protein-D is inhibited most by the chemicals alphanaphthol (dock score, -5.41Kcal/mole), butylated hydroxytoluene (dock score,-6.86 Kcal/mole), and carbaryl (dock score,-6.1 Kcal/mole). To test their stability, the obtained dock poses were placed in a lipid bilayer model system mimicking the pulmonary surface. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a stable interaction between surfactant protein-D and carbaryl.

Conclusion:

This, study concludes that functioning of surfactant protein-D is directly or indirectly affected by the carbaryl chemical, which might account for the increased susceptibility of Bhopal gas disaster survivors to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Interaction Among Stress Hormones Signalling Pathways by Gene Co-expression Network
Authors: Mortezaeefar Maryam , Fotovat Reza , Shekari Farid , Sasani Shahryar
Published: March 2019

Background:

Plants respond to various stresses at the same time. Recent studies show
that interactions of various phytohormones can play important roles in response to stresses.

Objective:

Although many studies have been done about the effects of the individual hormones,
little information exists about the crosstalk among the hormone signalling pathways in plants.

Methods:

In this work, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis method was used to
define modules containing genes with highly correlated expression patterns in response to abscisic
acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis.

Results:

Results indicate that plant hormones cause major changes the expression profile and
control diverse cell functions, including response to environmental stresses and external factors,
cell cycle, and antioxidant activity. In addition, AtbHLH15 and HY5 transcription factors can
participate in phytochrome pathways in response to the phytohormones. It is probable that some
Type III WRKY transcription factors control the response to bacterium separately from the other
stresses. The E2Fa/DPa transcription factor also regulates the cell cycle.

Conclusion:

In general, many processes and pathways in plants may be regulated using a
combination of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid.
Systematic Comparisons of Positively Selected Genes between Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii Genomes
Authors: Guo Yue , Peng Zhen , Liu Jing , Yuan Na , Wang Zhen , Du Jianchang
Published: March 2019

Background:

Studies of Positively Selected Genes (PSGs) in microorganisms and mammals have provided insights into the dynamics of genome evolution and the genetic basis of differences between species by using whole genome-wide scans. Systematic investigations and comparisons of PSGs in plants, however, are still limited.

Objective:

A systematic comparison of PSGs between the genomes of two cotton species, Gossypium arboreum (G. arboreum) and G. raimondii, will give the key answer for revealing molecular evolutionary differences in plants.

Methods:

Genome sequences of G. arboreum and G. raimondii were compared, including Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) events and genomic features such as gene number, gene length, codon bias index, evolutionary rate, number of expressed genes, and retention of duplicated copies.

Results:

Unlike the PSGs in G. raimondii, G. arboreum comprised more PSGs, smaller gene size and fewer expressed gene. In addition, the PSGs evolved at a higher rate of synonymous substitutions, but were subjected to lower selection pressure. The PSGs in G. arboreum were also retained with a lower number of duplicate gene copies than G. raimondii after a single WGD event involving Gossypium.

Conclusion:

These data indicate that PSGs in G. arboreum and G. raimondii differ not only in Ka/Ks, but also in their evolutionary, structural, and expression properties, indicating that divergence of G. arboreum and G. raimondii was associated with differences in PSGs in terms of evolutionary rates, gene length, expression patterns, and WGD retention in Gossypium.
Predicting Drug-target Interactions via FM-DNN Learning
Authors: Wang Jihong , Wang Hao , Wang Xiaodan , Chang Huiyou
Published: March 2019

Background:

Identifying Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) is a major challenge for
current drug discovery and drug repositioning. Compared to traditional experimental approaches,
in silico methods are fast and inexpensive. With the increase in open-access experimental data,
numerous computational methods have been applied to predict DTIs.

Methods:

In this study, we propose an end-to-end learning model of Factorization Machine and
Deep Neural Network (FM-DNN), which emphasizes both low-order (first or second order) and
high-order (higher than second order) feature interactions without any feature engineering other
than raw features. This approach combines the power of FM and DNN learning for feature
learning in a new neural network architecture.

Results:

The experimental DTI basic features include drug characteristics (609), target
characteristics (1819), plus drug ID, target ID, total 2430. We compare 8 models such as SVM,
GBDT, WIDE-DEEP etc, the FM-DNN algorithm model obtains the best results of AUC(0.8866)
and AUPR(0.8281).

Conclusion:

Feature engineering is a job that requires expert knowledge, it is often difficult and
time-consuming to achieve good results. FM-DNN can auto learn a lower-order expression by FM
and a high-order expression by DNN.FM-DNN model has outstanding advantages over other
commonly used models.
Active Tip Fins for Box Wing Aircraft
Authors: Paul Jemitola O. , Gabriel Okafor E. , Abbe Godwin
Published: March 2019

Background:

Induced drag accounts for significant percentage of cruise and total aircraft
drag. In agreement with Prandtl’s theorem, the ideal arrangement for minimum induced drag is a
closed biplane design. Past studies have implemented fixed tip fins for closed biplane design, with
the reduction of induced drag associated with fixed tip fin found to be less than optimal. A review of
patents related to the box-wing aircraft was carried out.

Methods:

In an attempt to further reduce the induced drag for box wing aircraft, this study proposed
the implementation of Active Tip Fins (ATF) for aircraft design. Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL)
software was used to simulate the induced drag associated with AFT in comparison with that of a
fixed tip fin.

Results:

From the result, the ATF design shows a superior induced drag reduction.

Conclusion:

ATF design is a novel concept that has the potential of improving box wing aircraft
performance.
Analysis of Crime Rates of Different States in India Using Apache Pig in HDFS Environment
Authors: Gupta Yogesh K. , Barhaiya Gunjan
Published: March 2019

Background:

In this astronomically immense world tremendous amount of data engendering
in every minute from the different domain which is referred to Big Data. In the last few
years the data is incrementing day by day across the world. This Research fixates on the analysis of
malefaction rates of 5 different states year wise, all the analysis is done utilizing Apache Pig.

Methods:

The goal of the work is to analyze the astronomically immense malefaction data and find
the estimate number of malefaction transpires in sundry states. This is done in Apache pig environment
utilizing “Pig Latin” as language. A short code is indicted in Pig Latin which is utilized to
load and process the data into Map reduce environment, afterwards the result are obtained with the
detail of minimum and maximum mapper and reducer timing.

Results:

The data is visualized into graphs to make analysis to analyze the variation of malefaction
rates in distinct states. After analyzing the malefaction against women, murder cases are very high
in 2006-2010 as compared to other year groups whereas abducting and rape cases incremented perpetually
from 2001 to 2014 respectively. Similarly all the reports regarding to different malefaction
rates are visualized above by utilizing graphs.

Conclusion:

Various results are found with sundry queries and everything is represented graphically
for better understanding and comparison. This avails us to find which state is affected by which
crime. The expeditiousness of Apache pig can additionally be optically discerned as this immensely
colossal crime data processed in short time with precision.
Development of an In situ Gel Polymer Composite for Local and Sustained Delivery of Drugs in Vaginal Cavity
Authors: Boregowda Sateesha S. , Maggidi Sadanand R. , Jayaramu Rajamma A. , Puttegowda Nethravathi , Parbin Nikhat
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The present research work is aimed at the development of an in situ gel polymer
composite to provide local and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents in the vaginal cavity. Administration
of medicated gel into a vaginal cavity is very complicated, inconvenient and needs expert assistance.
There is a chance of expulsion of liquid formulation from site of application, leads to poor therapeutic
efficacy. The effective drug delivery system for the vaginal cavity should be of liquid for application
and gel to reside in the cavity.

Methods:

In situ gel composed of chitosan (0.8%) cross-linked with β-glycerol phosphate (15%) and
glutaraldehyde treated guar gum (0.2%) was developed. Gel was characterized for in situ gelling properties.
In vitro drug release pattern of the gel was tested on a nutrient agar medium containing attenuated
E. coli and B. Subtilis. In vitro diffusion pattern of gel was tested using KC-diffusion cell with
Simulated Vaginal Fluid (SVF) (pH 4.2) as the diffusion medium.

Results:

In situ gel exhibited sharpest sol-gel transition at 35±2°C, at pH 5.4 in 62±1.31sec. The viscosity
of polymer composite is 51.25±3.68 CPs at 20±2°C and 328.56±4.16 CPs at 35±2°C. The gelation
time of gel was found to be decreasing as the concentration of cross-linking agent β-GP increased.
Formulations exhibited a shear thinning property. Drug release from this polymeric composite was
found to be highly linear and follows non-fickian diffusion mechanism.

Conclusion:

This advanced thermosensitive in situ gel is convenient to apply and reside in the vaginal
cavity for a prolonged period of time. The gel is mucoadhesive, biodegradable and suitable for controlled
drug delivery in the cavity.
Development and Evaluation of Particulate Microcarriers of Adapalene as a Topical Delivery System
Authors: Jain Divya D. , Desai Namita D.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Adapalene is a promising third generation retinoid used in the topical treatment
of acne vulgaris. However, the major drawback associated with conventional topical therapy of
Adapalene is the ‘retinoid reaction’ which is dose-dependent and characterized by erythema, scaling
and burning sensation at the application sites. Microparticulate drug delivery can play a major role in
reducing side effects and providing better patient compliance due to targeted delivery.

Methods:

Adapalene microparticles were prepared using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. The
effects of formulation variables including polymer ratios, amounts of emulsifier, drug loading and process
variables such as stirring time and speed on the physical characteristics of microparticles were investigated.
The developed microparticles were characterized by DSC and SEM. Adapalene microparticles
were incorporated into Carbopol 971 NF gel for ease of topical delivery.

Results:

Adapalene microparticulate topical gel showed sustained drug release over 8 hours in in vitro
studies. The amount of drug retained in the rat skin during ex vivo studies was higher in the microparticulate
topical gel (227.43 ± 0.83 µg/cm2) as compared to the marketed formulation (81.4 ±
1.11 µg/cm2) after 8 hours indicating localized and sustained drug action that can be useful in treating
acne vulgaris. The safety of optimized Adapalene gel determined by skin irritation studies performed on
Sprague Dawley rats showed no irritation potential.

Conclusion:

Microparticles can provide promising carrier systems to deliver Adapalene, improving patient
compliance due to enhanced skin deposition, localized and sustained action with reduced associated
irritant effects.
Synthesis, In vitro and In silico Studies of Benzothiazole Azo-Ester Derivatives as Anti-TB Agents
Authors: Bhat Mahesh , Belagali Shiddappa L.
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

A new series of benzothiazole azo-ester derivatives was synthesized by using Steglish esterification reaction.

Methods:

All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-TB activities by in vitro microplate Alamar Blue assay method against M. tuberculosis (H37RV strain). All the compounds showed activities and their MIC values were over the range of 1.6 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL. The compounds 4d and 4j showed superior activity with MIC 1.6 µg/mL compared to the standard drug Streptomycin (MIC 6.25 µg/mL), Pyrazinamide (MIC 3.125 µg/mL) and Ciprofloxacin (MIC 3.125 µg/mL).

Results:

Molecular docking study was carried out with enoyl acyl carrier reductase (InhA) of M. tuberculosis and decaprenyl phosphoryl-D-ribose oxidase (DprE1).

Conclusion:

These studies showed that these compounds have more interaction with InhA protein whereas some compounds could not be docked into DprE1.
Development of Usnic Acid Embedded Eudragit Microspheres for Alleviation of Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Pandey Shraddha , Misra Shashi K. , Sharma Nisha
Published: March 2019

Background:

Usnic Acid has been progressively reported in the literature as one of the chiefly
significant lichen metabolites exemplified by an ample diversity of applications such as antimicrobial, antifungal,
antiviral, antiprotozoal agents, etc. Herein, we shed a light on nosocomial infections and formulated
topical microspheres loaded with Usnic acid for improved antimicrobial activity. Recent patents and
novel researches were referred to pursue the present work.

Methods:

Usnic acid embedded Eudragit microspheres were designed applying solvent evaporation method,
investigated for topography and drug-polymer compatibility studies. Dialysis bag method was utilized
for studying drug release kinetics. In vitro antibacterial assay was carried out against the virulent bacterial
strain of Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method.

Results:

Topography studies revealed the formation of regular, micro-sized, smooth surface microspheres.
Well defined and specific structural peaks were obtained from FTIR and TGA studies, revealing drugpolymer
compatibility. The dissolution profile suggested Korsmeyer Peppas kinetic and Fickian kind of
diffusion from microspheres. The pre-eminent activity of formulated microspheres was visualized from the
disc diffusion study against Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:

The strong biological activity of Usnic acid –loaded Eudragit RS and Eudragit RL microspheres
provides a promising application for corresponding material as a bactericidal agent for the
alleviation of nosocomial infection. Findings paid attention to the potential of usnic acid microspheres for
effective treatment of dermal and nosocomial infections caused by S. aureus.
Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Benyoucef Fatima , Dib Mohammed El Amine , Tabti Boufeldja , Zoheir Arrar , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain
Published: March 2019

Background:

Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food
security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if
not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy.

Objective:

In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata
and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated.

Methods:

The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated
using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli
(ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six
Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus
subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and
Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579).

Results:

The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene
(19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally
oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a
good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus
rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively.
While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains
with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial
activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria
with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:

The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This
activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings
provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment
based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue
to pose a threat to public health.
Real-Time Detection of Road Lane-Lines for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Farag Wael
Published: March 2019

Background:

Enabling fast and reliable lane-lines detection and tracking for advanced
driving assistance systems and self-driving cars.

Methods:

The proposed technique is mainly a pipeline of computer vision algorithms that augment
each other and take in raw RGB images to produce the required lane-line segments that represent the
boundary of the road for the car. The main emphasis of the proposed technique in on simplicity and
fast computation capability so that it can be embedded in affordable CPUs that are employed by
ADAS systems.

Results:

Each used algorithm is described in details, implemented and its performance is evaluated
using actual road images and videos captured by the front mounted camera of the car. The whole
pipeline performance is also tested and evaluated on real videos.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of the proposed technique shows that it reliably detects and tracks road
boundaries under various conditions.
Test Case Prioritization Using Bat Algorithm
Authors: Bajaj Anu , Sangwan Om P.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Regression testing is very important stage of software maintenance and
evolution phase. The software keeps on updating and to preserve the software quality, it needs to be
retested every time it is updated. Due to limited resources, complete testing of the software becomes
tedious task. The probable solution to this problem is to execute those test cases first that are more
important prior to less important test cases.

Objective:

Optimization methods need to be acquired for efficient test case prioritization in minimum
time, while maintaining the quality of the software. Various nature-inspired algorithms like
genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization, etc. have been applied
for prioritizing test cases. In this paper, we have applied a relatively new nature-inspired optimization
method, namely, Bat algorithm that utilizes the echolocation, loudness and pulse emission rate
of bats in prioritizing the test cases.

Methods:

The proposed algorithm is experimented on sample case study of timetable management
system and evaluated with the help of popular evaluation metric Average Percentage of Fault Detection.

Results:

Results have been compared with the baseline approaches i.e. untreated, random and reverse
prioritization and well-established optimization method i.e. genetic algorithm and we have
found a considerable increase in the value of evaluation metric.

Conclusion:

This preliminary study shows that the bat algorithm have great potential to solve test
case prioritization problems.
Withdrawn: Diabetes Mellitus Prognosis Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Case Study: Alexandria Vascular Center (AVC)
Authors: Amer Abeer A. , Ismail Soha M.
Published: March 2019

The following article has been withdrawn on the request of the author of the journal Recent Advances in Computer
Science and Communications (Recent Patents on Computer Science):;.

Title:

Diabetes Mellitus Prognosis Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Case Study: Alexandria Vascular Center (AVC)

Authors:

Abeer A. Amer and Soha M. Ismail*

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Energy Harvesting in Cognitive Networks Using Feasible Channel Selection Assignment
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Rajamani V.
Published: March 2019

Background:

The importance of this paper is to achieve maximum spectrum efficiency
and proper channel allotment between Primary and Secondary User. The licensed and unlicensed users
gets promoted as the channel allotment is properly carried out. To improve energy capability and
spectral proficiency consider energy collecting cognitive radio systems to update both energy feasibility
and spectral viability. Energy Harvesting Provides possibility of sharing energy in wireless
networks which improves the performance of channel capacity.

Methods:

In this paper an Token Passing algorithm is proposed that switches the channels between
Primary User and Secondary User. The energy efficiency decision is taken according to when primary
user is idle or not. When the primary user is idle the secondary user cannot harvest any energy
and when the primary channel is occupied the secondary channel harvest energy from primary user
so that the harvested energy will be used by the secondary user during channel allotment. This proposed
algorithm provides energy harvesting and spectrum efficiency.

Results:

The result shows that the most extraordinary achievable throughput R (eh) of the energy
harvesting cognitive radio. The State Transition will move from busy to idle and idle to busy which
is represented as S0 and S1. The other parameters are Sensing Energy es, Sampling frequency fs,
Primary Signal which accepts a noise SNR γp. As Token Passing Algorithm provides tokens for
primary and secondary user it takes lesser time and achieves better throughput than the FDMA and
suboptimal algorithm.

Conclusion:

This paper achieves the maximum spectrum efficiency and energy harvesting by
properly allotting spectrum for both primary and secondary user. The primary user and secondary
user and spectrum management perform the channel allotment efficiently through the idle and busy
state and Token Passing Algorithm does energy harvesting. An efficient scheme is developed for allocating
energy in energy harvesting cognitive radio systems.
Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Ray of Hope or Nightmare?
Authors: Arora Malika , Kaur Navdeep , Bansal Parveen , Baldi Ashish
Published: March 2019

Background:

The role of various probiotic microorganisms with a particular emphasis on their therapeutic use in human health and disease has been highlighted by diverse scientific research reports. Due to improvement and introduction of new technologies useful to understand the functionality and mode of action of probiotics with respect to nutritional as well as health perspectives, the research on probiotics has recently grabbed the attention of manufacturers, regulators as well as researchers. Currently there are clinical trial based evidences to support the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in various types of diarrheal diseases, chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, oral health etc. However, due to inadequate awareness about risks associated with the probiotics amongst physicians, regulatory authorities, consumers and manufacturers many attributes like quality, safety and efficacy require urgent attention. At the same time regulatory guidelines for these products face ambiguity. So, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the true status of probiotic products available in market with respect to all above mentioned parameters and to formulate harmonized regulatory guidelines for the manufacturing of probiotic products.

Conclusion:

The present compilation aims to highlight the progression of probiotic research related to therapeutic potentials of probiotics, clinical trials on probiotics, risks and regulatory concerns associated with probiotics and their use.
Synthesis and Performances of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfonate
Authors: Yan Lu , Ping Fan , Da-shan Lu
Published: March 2019

Background:

Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate (AESO) was synthesized
by the following two steps reactions: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5 (AEO-5)
reacted with metallic sodium to form sodium alkoxide, then in toluene solvent, the sodium
alkoxide reacted with 2-chloroethyl sulfonate sodium to form AESO.

Methodology:

The reaction factors, such as temperature, reaction time and reactant ratio,
which effect on the product yield were discussed. The products were characterized by Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra in order to examine the aim of the product synthesized.
The AESO performances including thermal stability, salt resistance, emulsifying and
surface properties were studied.

Results:

The results show that the optimum conditions of AESO synthesis are as follows: the
reaction temperature is 64oC, the reaction time is 5h, the molar ratio of chloroethyl sulfonate
sodium and sodium alkoxide is 1.2:1. In the above reaction conditions, the AESO has the
highest yield, which is 74.43% and its purity is 89.25%. AESO’s surface properties, thermal
stability, and salt resistance are much better than that of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
sulfate (AES). The AESO presents the best emulsifying performance at the concentration of
1250mg/L.

Conclusion:

The solubility of AES and AESO are all increased due to the EO groups’ existence
and their hard water resistances are better than that of lauryl sodium sulfate. The foamability
test shows that AESO has the best foaming ability at the concentration of 1480mg/L, which decreases
with the increase of the Ca2+ concentration, but the foam stability increases. It can be
seen that AESO has favorable resistance to high temperature and high salinity.
In-vitro Estimation of Photo-Protective Potential of Rosehip Seed Oil and QbD Based Development of a Nanoformulation
Authors: Kayath Himangi , Dhawan Surbhi , Nanda Sanju
Published: March 2019

Background:

The use of natural actives for cosmeceutical benefits has recently
gained high popularity due to their low side effects, natural origin and safety. The
fruits of Rosehip, a wild shrub native to Europe, Northwest Africa, and Western Asia
have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times. Seeds of Rosehip are known
to contain more than 50% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Inherently, this class of phytoconstituents
has been reported to exhibit anti-aging potential.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to explore and establish the
photoprotective potential of Rosehip Seed Oil (RSO) obtained from Rosa rubigenosa and
develop a QbD-based topical nanoformulation.

Methods:

The photo-protective potential of Rosehip Seed Oil was evaluated through
various in-vitro tests and biochemical assays. The o/w nanoemulsion (NE) of the oil was
prepared by the ultrasonication method following Central Composite Design (CCD) to
find the best possible formulation conditions. Nanoemulsion was further formulated into
a topical gel and evaluated for its semisolid attributes.

Results:

The antioxidant property of Rosehip Seed Oil assessed by estimating DPPH free
radical scavenging activity revealed that 45μg/ml of oil was equivalent to 8μg/ml of α-
tocopherol (standard). The total phenolic content of the oil was estimated to be
5.81μg/ml. IC50 values for anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase activities
were determined and found to be 7.34mg/ml, 42.3mg/ml and 36.34mg/ml, respectively.
The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, viscosity and pH of the optimized batch (R2)
were found to be 82.73nm, 0.214, -23.0 mV, 6.65cp and 6.94, respectively. The cumulative
release of the drug from the nanoemulsion gel was estimated for 7 hrs and found to
be 72.34%.

Conclusion:

Results of all the in vitro studies performed led to the conclusion that Rosehip
oil possesses very good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective properties
and a nanoformulation of this plant seed oil has the potential to help in assuaging the
detrimental effects of UV rays like photoaging.
Chondroitin Sulphate Decorated Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Effective Carrier for Enhancement of Lung Cancer Targeting Capabilities of Anticancer Drug
Authors: Garg Sweta , Garg Ashish , Enaganti Sreenivas , Yadav Awesh K.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Currently, cancer is rising as one of the dominant causes of human deaths worldwide. The application of nano-carriers may help to treat cancer through the delivery of anticancer drugs inside the tumor cells.

Objective:

The foremost objective behind this research was to formulate chondroitin sulfate tailored cellulose acetate phthalate (CSAC) core shield nanoparticles (NPs) containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug.

Methods:

The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods were used to analyze and characterize the formulation of CSAC copolymer. NPs were typified by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release.

Results:

CSAC NPs were found to exhibit moderate release (95.59±0.15% in 34hrs) than CAP NPs (78.97±0.08% in 8 hours). In the course of cytotoxicity examination in A549 cancer cell line, the results revealed that these 5-FU loaded CSAC NPs showed an immense cytotoxic potentiality. Moreover, CSAC NPs exhibit least hemolytic activity when compared with CAP NPs and plain 5-FU.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, it was found that the CSAC NPs is an efficient carrier system for the better release of 5-FU in lung cancer.
Sheep genetic resource conservation experience in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Tesema Zeleke , Shenkute Abiy
Published: March 2019

Conservation of native animal genetic resource is vital to maintain genetic diversity sustainably and to cope with the future challenging climate change. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the experience of sheep conservation practice in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia. In turkey, fifteen sheep types are extinct and other native sheep population decreased by 47% due to an unplanned crossbreeding program. For these reasons, sheep genetic resource ex-situ in vivo conservation project started in 1995 with three sheep breeds. The animal breeding law regarding registration of new breed and conservation of animal genetic resources was enacted in 2001 in Turkey. In-situ conservation subsidies of sheep breeds near to extinction have been continued since 2005. Following these events, in vitro conservation of germplasm of 13 sheep breeds have been initiated in 2007 and two gene banks have been established and thereby sperm, embryo, cell, and DNA of from each sheep breed conserved in the gene bank. Although they were successful in both in-situ and ex-situ conservations with some limitations, in-situ conserved sheep breeds had better productivity than ex-situ in vivo conserved sheep in Turkey. In the case of Ethiopia, in-situ conservation will be compatible with the existing infrastructure. Through balancing the genetic gain and inbreeding level, it is possible to integrate the existing community-based genetic improvement programs (with in breed selection) with sustainable in-situ conservation of native sheep genetic resources in Ethiopia.
Filhos da mãe - Animus da mãe na vida do filho
Authors: Gaeta Irene Pereira
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as pessoas nascidas no contexto da ausência paterna, os “filhos da mãe”. A partir do entendimento do inestimável valor do fenômeno relacional humano e do funcionamento psíquico, este trabalho aplica os princípios de animae animuspropostos por Jung,considerando que tais princípios explicam a dualidade entre os sexos, por um lado, e dão sentido à própria experiência subjetiva, por outro. Discute-se também a diferenciação entre os filhos da mulher com um ego estruturado e uma boa relação com seu lado masculino e os filhos da mulher com o animusatuando de modo autônomo. Parte-se do pressuposto de que é preciso olhar para a biologia e para a psicologia de maneira integrada, pois se o cérebro molda a psique, a psique também molda o cérebro. Não há como supor que o homem seja regido por logose a mulher por Eros, mesmo que sejam entendidos como elementos que compõem tanto o masculino quanto o feminino. Capacidade de decisão, iniciativa, coragem e honestidade nascem do lado positivo do animusque, no seu aspecto maior, personifica uma elevada profundidade espiritual.
Pielgrzymka do Jerozolimy w ujęciu Psalmu 122 (121)
Authors: Wilk Janusz
Published: March 2019

W artykule podjęto analizę Psalmu 122 z perspektywy zjawiska pielgrzymkowego w starożytnym Izraelu. Prawdopodobnie utwór ten zrodził się pod wpływem pielgrzymki, jaką psalmista podjął wraz ze swoimi bliskimi do Jerozolimy. Po powrocie, utrwalając swoje natchnione przemyślenia, spisał dla siebie i potomnych tekst, który ostatecznie otrzymał kształt Psalmu 122. Stanowi on pewnego rodzaju wykładnię pielgrzymowania do Jerozolimy. Uniwersalność i ponadczasowość tych słów pozwala wyróżnić w nim trzy aspekty pielgrzymiej drogi: (1) Organizacja pielgrzymki i przybycie do Jerozolimy (w. 1bc–2), (2) Pochwała Jerozolimy (w. 3–5), (3) Życzenia dla Jerozolimy i jej mieszkańców (w. 6–9), które stały się przedmiotem studium niniejszego opracowania.
Biblijne dziedzictwo Izraela w medycynie
Authors: Wajda Anna Maria
Published: March 2019

Bóg dał Żydom szereg przykazań, a ich medyczne znaczenie zostało docenione dopiero w ostatnich latach. Dostali oni następujące przepisy zdrowotne: regularny odpoczynek i relaks, odpowiednie jedzenie, czystość, izolacja w przypadku choroby zakaźnej, obrzezanie i rozporządzenia małżeńskie. Sugeruje się, że nacisk na obrzezanie doprowadził do bardzo niskiej zachorowalności na raka szyjki macicy u Żydówek, a przepisy dotyczące życia małżeńskiego, okazały się być bardzo pomocne w prewencji wielu chorób dziedzicznych.
„O naśladowaniu Chrystusa” – Pismo Święte w życiu duchowym
Authors: Kamykowski Łukasz
Published: March 2019

Jeden z najważniejszych klasycznych podręczników pobożności O Naśladowaniu Chrystusa Tomasza à Kempis uczy czytelnika podejścia do Pisma i sam je wykorzystuje. Artykuł chce zachęcić do pogłębionego studium nad podejściem teoretycznym i praktycznym do Biblii w tym dziełku, analizując pod tym kątem pięć wybranych fragmentów.
Współczesna architektura sakralna Kościoła katolickiego – przestrzeń Eucharystii w środowisku kulturowym
Authors: Rabiej Jan
Published: March 2019

Fenomen architektury sakralnej Kościoła katolickiego wynika z jej integralnego wkomponowania w ewoluujący kontekst kulturowy. Postulaty Soboru Watykańskiego II dotyczące budowli sakralnych akcentują ich „otwarcie” na wymiar społeczny środowiska, w jakim są sytuowane. Takie ujęcie reguł odnoszących się do twórczości w zakresie architektury sakralnej tłumaczy brak uzasadnienia dla tworzenia arbitralnego wzorca – ideału – kanonu kościoła katolickiego. Różnorodność architektury współczesnych zespołów sakralnych w Europie Zachodniej, Skandynawii i Stanach Zjednoczonych odzwierciedla odmienności założeń ideowo-funkcjonalnych, które odpowiadają potrzebom, aspiracjom i możliwościom budujących je lokalnych społeczności. Analogiczne zakresy uwarunkowań decydują o specyfice architektury kościołów katolickich w Polsce. Prymat kryteriów liturgicznych i społecznych nad kryteriami formalno-stylistycznymi w kształtowaniu architektury sakralnej jest źródłem inspiracji w poszukiwaniu nowych koncepcji „kościołów naszych czasów”.
Muzyka kościelna w archidiecezji krakowskiej w latach 1997–2017
Authors: Tyrała Robert
Published: March 2019

Artykuł omawia instytucje i wydarzenia, które w latach 1997–2017 miały decydujący wpływ na muzykę kościelną w archidiecezji krakowskiej. Omówiona została działalność Archidiecezjalnej Komisji Muzyki Kościelnej, Archidiecezjalnej Szkoły Muzycznej I i II stopnia, Międzyuczelnianego Instytutu Muzyki Kościelnej, a także wielkie wydarzenia liturgiczne z udziałem trzech papieży.
Rajallinen työmuisti S2-oppijoiden puheenymmärtämisvaikeuksien selittäjänä
Authors: Laakso Saara
Published: March 2019

Tässä artikkelissa käsittelen työmuistin rajallisuuden ja aikuisten suomenoppijoiden puheenymmärtämisvaikeuksien yhteyttä tarkastelemalla oppijoiden kuuntelutehtäväsuorituksia ja niitä seuraavia stimulated recall -haastatteluja. Lisäksi selvitän, millaisilla muistitoiminnoilla oppijat kompensoivat työmuistin rajallisuutta ja helpottavat ymmärtämistä. Tutkimukseen osallistui 12 arabiankielistä alkeis- ja perustason aikuista suomenoppijaa, ja aineisto koostuu oppijoiden kuuntelutehtäväsuoritusten ja stimulated recall -haastattelujen videotallenteista.

Työmuistin rajallisuuden vaikutus ymmärtämisvaikeuksissa tuli esiin erityisesti silloin, kun yhteen sanaan tai ilmaukseen keskittyminen aiheutti edeltävien tai seuraavien sanojen unohtamista ja kun mielessä pidettävän puhejakson pituus ylitti osallistujan kapasiteetin. Osallistujat kompensoivat työmuistin rajallisuutta ja helpottivat ymmärtämistään ylhäältä alas -prosessoinnilla eli täydentämällä tekstiin jääneitä aukkoja säilömuistissa olevalla maailmantiedollaan ja kokemuksillaan.
Benefits of Online Teaching for Onground Teaching at a Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Andrews Graham D'Nita
Published: March 2019

Technology and distance education are on the rise in community colleges, 4-year institutions, Ivy League colleges, research institutions, and technical colleges. One of the most significant phenomenon occurring in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) today is distance education. Academic leaders can better implement professional development plans to promote online programs if they understand faculty perceptions about teaching online. This phenomenological research paper presents the results of 12 lived the experience of higher education faculty members at a HBCU who transitioned from a face-to-face teaching modality to a distance education instructional delivery and subsequently returned to the face-to-face classroom.
A construção da persona satírica na Sátira 6 de Juvenal
Authors: Leite Leni Ribeiro , Cordeiro Iana Lima
Published: March 2019

Analisamos a construção da persona satírica dos primeiros duzentos e oitenta e cinco versos da Sátira 6 do poeta romano Juvenal. Nossa análise utiliza o conceito de persona satírica proposto por William Anderson, em que há a distinção entre a voz do poema e o autor empírico, de forma que não se deve supor que em um poema estejam representadas as opiniões de quem o escreveu, mas que o enunciador daquele texto é uma persona conscientemente construída pelo poeta com vistas a atingir determinados objetivos poéticos. Além disso, utilizamos também o conceito de ethos proposto por Dominique Maingueneau, que afirma que ler um texto é necessariamente construir a imagem de quem o tenha escrito. Em nosso caso, analisamos a imagem construída pela persona de Juvenal na sátira em questão, e chegamos à conclusão de que o ethos construído é de alguém conservador, extremamente avesso a mulheres e ao casamento com elas e um saudosista utópico, que evoca um passado ideal inexistente para justificar as próprias queixas – o que, a nosso ver, só comprova a gratuidade delas.
Do Isaac de João Cassiano ao Isaac de Nínive: processos de incorporação textual na tradição latina
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: March 2019

A tradição textual da obra de Isaac de Nínive tem como aspecto saliente diferentes casos de incorporação textual (adição de textos de um autor à tradição textual de outro autor). Estudos prévios apresentam como explicação para casos desse tipo a afinidade temática e a contiguidade material, mas a tradição da obra de Isaac de Nínive sugere haver ainda outra motivação pertinente: a semelhança onomástica. No presente estudo analisa-se o processo de incorporação textual de um capítulo das Colações de João Cassiano à tradição textual latina da obra de Isaac de Nínive. A força de atração textual que a obra de Isaac exerceu ao longo de sua tradição decorreria de um movimento de reconstrução do conhecimento acerca do autor.
Adventures in Higher Education, Happiness, And Mindfulness
Authors: Huang Peter H.
Published: March 2019

This Article recounts my unique adventures in higher education, including being a Princeton University freshman mathematics major at age 14, Harvard University applied mathematics graduate student at age 17, economics and finance faculty at multiple schools, first-year law student at the University of Chicago, second- and third-year law student at Stanford University, and law faculty at multiple schools. This Article also candidly discusses my experiences as student and professor and openly shares how I achieved sustainable happiness by practicing mindfulness to reduce fears, rumination, and worry in facing adversity, disappointment, and setbacks. This Article analyzes why law schools should teach law students about happiness and mindfulness. This Article discusses how to teach law students about happiness and mindfulness. Finally, this Article provides brief concluding thoughts about how law students can sustain happiness and mindfulness once they graduate from law school.