bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Spectral Light Management on Growth of Container-Grown Willow Oak, Nuttall Oak and Summer Red Maple
Authors: Fare Donna C.
Published: August 2020

Plant response to blue, red, gray or black shade cloth was evaluated with willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer, Nuttall) and Summer Red maple (Acer rubrum L. ‘Summer Red’) liners. Light transmitted through the colored shade cloth had no influence on germination of willow oak acorns or height and caliper growth following germination. Tree height, trunk diameter, number of internodes, shoot and root dry weight were generally greater with the species tested when exposed to red or gray shade cloth, but were often similar to plants exposed to blue or black shade. Height increase of willow oak with red shade was similar to plants exposed to blue or gray; however, the average number of internodes was similar with oaks exposed to blue shade and 16% less with oaks exposed to gray shade. Summer Red maples exposed to black, blue or red shade cloth were similar in height, though plants with blue shade had 23% less dry weight. Nuttall oaks exposed to gray shade had the greatest height increase while the plants exposed to red shade had the largest trunk diameter. The growth parameters measured showed some increases with exposure to colored shade, but the morphology of the species tested was not significantly altered to recommend the use of colored shade during production.
Effect of Previous Flood Exposure on Flood Tolerance and Growth of Three Landscape Shrub Taxa Subjected to Repeated Short-term Flooding
Authors: Dylewski Katie L. , Wright Amy N. , Tilt Kenneth M. , LeBleu Charlene
Published: August 2020

Ilex glabra ‘Shamrock’ (‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly), Itea virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ (‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire), and Viburnum nudum ‘Winterthur’ (‘Winterthur’ possumhaw) were flooded for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 d, first in a greenhouse and then outdoors. Flooding treatments were in a factorial combination of greenhouse flooding treatment × outdoor flooding treatment. Following each flooding period, plants were allowed to drain for 6 d and received no irrigation. Plants in the 3 and 6 d flood treatments experienced a total of 7 and 5 flood cycles, respectively both in the greenhouse and outdoors. All taxa maintained 100% survival during greenhouse and outdoor flooding. Following greenhouse flooding, final size index (SI) of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ and I. glabra ‘Shamrock’ decreased with increasing flood length; V. nudum ‘Winterthur’ had no differences in SI among treatments. Following outdoor flooding, there were no differences in flooding treatment for relative size index (RSI) of I. glabra ‘Shamrock’, no clear effect of flooding treatment on RSI for V. nudum ‘Winterthur’, and RSI of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ was lowest in plants that were not flooded in the greenhouse. RDW and SDW of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ and I. glabra ‘Shamrock’ tended to be lowest in plants that were initially flooded in the greenhouse for 6 d, while there was no clear effect of either greenhouse or outdoor flooding on RDW and SDW of V. nudum ‘Winterthur’. When exposed to flooding in the greenhouse I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ seemed to better tolerate outdoor flooding, while the other two taxa did not appear to gain any benefit from previous flood exposure. All three taxa sustained growth throughout all phases of the experiment and maintained good visual quality indicating that all three would be tolerant of repeated, short-term flooding.
Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) as a Substrate Component Effects Growth of Three Tree Species
Authors: Starr Zachariah W. , Boyer Cheryl R. , Griffin Jason J.
Published: August 2020

Sustainable and local alternative substrates are being explored for nursery crop production due to concern over pine bark (PB) supplies and costs. This study evaluated a tree species which is weedy in the Great Plains region of the United States, eastern redcedar, processed through a hammer mill equipped with a 19 mm (3/4 in) screen size to create six substrates consisting of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% eastern redcedar chips (ERC) and 20% sand; the remaining volume was composed of PB. Each of these substrates were then used to grow baldcypress (Taxodium distichum), Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum) under two fertilizer rates: either a 4.5 kg·m−3 (7.5 lbs·yd−3) low fertilizer rate or a 8.9 kg·m−3 (15 lbs·yd−3) high fertilizer rate. Substrates composed of 40 and 80% ERC had reduced container capacity, resulting in less growth of all three species. Plants responded similarly to both fertilizer rates suggesting that the limiting factor to plant growth is substrate physical properties. Plants grown in 5–20% ERC were of comparable size and quality to those grown in the control substrate. Therefore, ERC can be recommended as a PB substrate supplement, but not as a full replacement at this time.
Cutting Type and Auxin Treatment Affect Rooting of Cupressus cashmeriana
Authors: Raup Annie , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: August 2020

Cupressus cashmeriana is an ornamental evergreen conifer with little published information on vegetative propagation. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cutting type and auxin concentration and form on adventitious rooting. Experiment 1 evaluated three cutting treatments (softwood, hardwood, and mallet) and four auxin treatments consisting of 0, 2500, 5000, and 10000 ppm potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA). Experiment 2 evaluated the same cutting types as experiment 1 and auxin treatments consisted of 5000 ppm K-IBA, 5000 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2500 ppm K-IBA in combination with 2500 ppm NAA and zero auxin applied. In both experiments, rooting of softwood and hardwood cuttings was significantly higher than mallet cuttings. Treatment of cuttings with different rates and types of auxin lead to inconclusive results, which indicate auxin may not be beneficial for rooting of C. cashmeriana. This research suggests that the age of plant material is one of the most significant factors for successful rooting C. cashmeriana.
End-of-Day Lighting Effects on Herbaceous Perennials Grown Under Night Interrupted Lighting Outdoors in the Southern United States
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Kessler J. Raymond , Stephenson James C.
Published: August 2020

A study was conducted in 2004 to determine if end-of-day lighting (EOD) alone or in combination with night-interrupted lighting (NIL) could be used to suppress stem elongation of ‘Goldsturm’ coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton ‘Goldsturm’), ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata L. ‘Moonbeam’) and ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet. ‘Early Sunrise’) when grown outdoors under nursery conditions in the southern U.S. without negating the benefits of earlier flowering from NIL. End-of-day lighting, NIL, and the combination of the two treatments accelerated time to flowering of all three cultivars compared to that of plants under a natural photoperiod (NP); however, rudbeckia flowered quicker when exposed to NIL or NIL + EOD than when grown under EOD only. Height of rudbeckia grown under EOD or NIL was greater than that of plants grown under NP, whereas ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis exposed to EOD, NIL or EOD + NIL were similar in height and taller than plants grown under NP. Height of ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis was minimally affected by treatments, except that plants under EOD were shorter than those under EOD + NIL. Growth index, flower number, shoot length and quality rating were similar in almost all cases for plants of the three cultivars when grown under EOD lighting, NIL, or EOD + NIL. These results indicate EOD was ineffective in suppressing height growth and provided no benefit, either alone or in combination with NIL, over NIL alone in the accelerated production of these cultivars outdoors under nursery conditions.
Impact of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) on Ornamental Plants in Alabama Green Industries and Home Landscapes
Authors: Witcher Ashley B. , Robinson Carolyn W. , Coker Christine H. , Eakes D. Joseph , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Fain Glenn B.
Published: August 2020

Nursery and landscape professionals as well as homeowners throughout Alabama continue to experience deer damage to ornamental plants due to the increasing populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman). To understand the extent of damage, surveys were created for green industry professionals and homeowners. The industry survey was sent to members of the Alabama Nursery and Landscape Association (ALNLA) (N = 223). The homeowner survey was sent to nine Master Gardener associations and administered through one day of onsite surveys at Huntsville Botanic Garden (N = 668). Questions inquired if respondents encountered injury to plants from whitetail deer, what types of preventive methods they were using, plants typically browsed, and extent of plant loss annually as a result of deer activity. Fifty-five percent of green industry professionals and 37% of homeowners answered ‘yes’ to damage problems, and of those, more homeowners (61%) than industry (41%) employed preventive methods to reduce deer browse. High fencing, electric fencing, Liquid Fence® repellent, and motion irrigation were the most effective of eleven preventive measures listed. Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica L.) and hosta (Hosta spp.) were the most commonly damaged plants according to industry and homeowners, respectively. The majority of homeowners experienced damage during the spring, while industry participants reported most damage during the winter and fall months.
Container Type and Overwintering Treatments Affect Substrate Temperature and Growth of Chanticleer® Pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Glen's Form’) in the Nursery
Authors: O'Connor Alison Stoven , Klett James E. , Koski Anthony J.
Published: August 2020

The container most used for nursery tree production is black plastic (BP). High substrate temperatures occurring in BP can injure or kill roots; BP-grown trees often develop circling and malformed roots. Root injury sustained during production may negatively affect tree health after planting in the landscape. Many containers are available for nursery production, but few studies have examined the merits of alternative container types for production. We compared the growth of Pyrus calleryana Decene. ‘Glen's Form’ (Chanticleer®) in three container types: black plastic, Root Pouch® (RP) and Smart Pot® (SP), over two growing seasons and under two overwintering treatments (consolidated or lined out). After the first growing season, there were no differences in height or dry leaf, shoot and root weight among the three containers. Following the second growing season, caliper, height, leaf area, percent leaf moisture, and root ball quality differed among container type. After the 2010–2011 winter, consolidated trees produced larger root and shoot systems (35.3 and 36.4%, respectively) than trees that were lined out. Substrate temperature maxima and fluctuations during winter and summer were greatest for BP containers compared to RP and SP. The potential advantages of producing trees in fabric containers merit consideration from nursery producers.
Root and Shoot Responses of ‘Miss Kim’ Lilac to Container Type and Environment
Authors: Neal Catherine A.
Published: August 2020

Growth and quality of ‘Miss Kim’ lilac produced in two container types (plastic and fabric) and in above ground (AG) versus below ground (BG) systems were compared. Plants were overwintered in place for 2 or 3 years with no additional protection, except in a combined AGBG treatment where pots were AG during the growing season then placed in BG socket pots for winter. Survival and shoot biomass were equal in both container types within the AG or BG systems. The AG systems reduced top and root dry weights compared to BG systems; however, survival and plant quality were not adversely affected except in a bag in pot (BIP) system. Root distribution and morphology, but not mass, were affected by container type, with more small-diameter roots distributed uniformly throughout the substrate in fabric AG containers. Containers inserted into BG sockets (as in pot in pot growing systems) were insulated from lethal high and low root zone temperatures (RZT). These treatments produced the greatest amount of root and shoot growth and are suitable for container production systems in northern areas. Plants reached the same size whether in plastic or fabric liner pots within the BG system. The BG environment, however, did not alleviate root circling and matting. Growth was reduced in AGBG containers as well as AG containers, indicating that winter root mortality was not the only limiting factor. Roots in AGBG experienced the same winter RZT as BG treatments, yet the top and root dry weights were reduced by 41 and 60 percent respectively, in comparison to BG. Environmental stress in AG containers during the growing season may limit growth more than commonly realized.
Calcined Clay Improves Germination of Arid Plant Species
Authors: Beddes Taun , Anderson Richard , Ramirez Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Water conservation efforts in urban landscapes have increased the need for water-wise-plants. A potential source includes multiple native, drought-adapted species. A lack of researched propagation protocols makes commercial production of many species difficult. We examined germination of three native plant species (Purshia stansburiana, Cercocarpus ledifolius, and Forestiera pubescens) in three substrates. Both P. stansburiana and C. ledifolius are endemic to semiarid areas. Forestiera pubescens is found in riparian areas but is drought hardy once established. Stratified seed of each were sown in substrates varying in organic matter (OM) content and water-holding porosity (WHP) characteristics: (1) a commercial germination mix (83% OM); (2) a self-blended combination of a commercial potting soil mixed volumetrically 1:1 with vermiculite (37% OM); and (3) a calcined clay (0% OM). Germination was monitored for 60 days. Percent germination was highest in the calcined clay for each species evaluated (P. stansburiana: 63%, C. ledifolius: 51% and F. pubescens: 83%). These rates were at least 25% greater than the next best medium, the self-blended substrate. The commercial germination blend was the least favorable for germination. These results suggest that the common commercial practice of using germination substrates may not be suited to germinating many species native to arid areas.
Urban Greening: A Case Study to Determine the Efficacy of Using Low Maintenance Planters as a Means of Growing Plants in Chicago Urban Settings
Authors: Backs Janet Rizner , Dawson Jeffrey , Jarrell Wesley
Published: August 2020

This paper describes an experiment designed to test a planter system that can be used by urban residents in greening rooftops, balconies and patios. Design emphasis was on inexpensive planter construction, low seasonal maintenance requirements, and ease of replacement of plant material. Additionally, four plant species were tested for survival over one year within the core area of Chicago. The planters recycled natural rainfall, requiring no additional watering after setup through the growing season. Plant growth and mortality over the summer varied, as did over winter survival. Plant survival rates through the end of the growing season in the planter systems were 83% for Rhus copallina, 100% for Juniperus horizontalis, 78% for Sedum spectabile, and 89% for Schyzachyrium scoparium. All species lived through the winter season in the system planters. R. copallina had the highest mortality rate with 80% of plants alive at the end of the growing season not surviving the winter. The control site with plants directly in soil had the highest over winter rates of survival; all plants alive at the end of the growing season survived through the winter. Surface and soil temperature comparisons through the winter season show that this design provided little insulating effect.
Influence of Pure Mulches on Suppressing Phytophthora Root Rot Pathogens
Authors: Percival G.C.
Published: August 2020

Mulching as a means of controlling Phytophthora root rot pathogens has become recognised as a potential cultural management system within the arboricultural, nursery and landscape industry. The influence of a pure mulch, i.e., mulch derived solely from one tree species, on reducing Phytophthora root rot severity has received little study. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine if a range of pure mulches derived from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna JACQ), silver birch (Betula pendula ROTH.), common cherry (Prunus avium L.), evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and English oak (Q. robur L.) could reduce the development and impact of pathogen severity caused by Phytophthora cactorum and P. criticola on containerised horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Irrespective of Phytophthora pathogen, leaf area, leaf, shoot, root and total plant dry weight following application of a pure mulch was higher than non-mulched controls. Likewise, leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm ratios, photosynthetic rates and root carbohydrate concentration as measures of tree vitality were higher in pure mulched compared to non-mulched control trees. Application of a pure mulch had a significant influence on Phytophthora root rot lesion severity. In the case of P. cactorum root rot lesion severity was reduced by 39–63%. In the case of P. criticola root rot lesion severity was reduced by 33–61%. In conclusion, pure mulches offer positive benefits for those involved in the care and maintenance of urban trees as well as nursery, forestry, orchard and horticultural crop production where Phytophthora pathogens are problematic.
Micropropagation and Polyploid Induction of Acer platanoides ‘Crimson Sentry
Authors: Lattier Jason D. , Touchell Darren H. , Ranney Thomas G. , Smith Jeremy C.
Published: August 2020

Protocols were developed for micropropagation and induction of autopolyploids in a fastigiate cultivar of Norway maple (A. platanoides L. ‘Crimson Sentry’). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, woody plant medium (WPM), and Quoirin and Lepoivre medium were supplemented with 2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), meta-Topolin, 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine, kinetin, or thidiazuron to evaluate microshoot proliferation. Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 μM BA yielded the most microshoots (3.2) and longest microshoots (30.6 mm) per subsample after 5 weeks. The influence of BA concentration on proliferation was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 μM. Optimal multiplication rate was achieved at 2 or 4 μM BA producing approximately 2.8 microcuttings per subsample after 5 weeks. To induce in vitro rooting, half-strength WPM was supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Optimal in vitro rooting (70%), number of roots (2.5), and root length (15 mm) per subsample were achieved with 10 μM IBA after 8 weeks. To induce polyploidy, microcuttings were pretreated for 7 days on MS medium with 4 μM BA alone or combined with 1 μM IBA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid prior to treatment in liquid MS medium containing 15 μM oryzalin for 3 days. Homogenous tetraploids were only obtained from shoots pretreated with IAA. This research provides optimized protocols for micropropagation and autopolyploid induction of A. platanoides ‘Crimson Sentry’ and demonstrates the development of tetraploid lines for use in future improvement programs.
Cutting Type Affects Rooting Percentage of Vegetatively Propagated Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum)
Authors: Bowerman Jessica R. , Spiers James D. , Blythe Eugene K. , Coneva Elina D. , Tilt Kenneth M. , Marshall Donna A.
Published: August 2020

Commercial blueberries, particularly Vaccinium corymbosum, have very specific needs for optimum growth; hence, growing sites are limited. Plants require acidic soil (pH 4.0–5.5), good drainage, thorough aeration, and a constant moderate amount of moisture. To overcome these restrictions, cultivars could be grafted onto a plant adapted to less desirable growing conditions. One potential rootstock is V. arboreum (sparkleberry), which has the ability to grow in many areas that could not be used for commercial blueberries. In the past, propagation of V. arboreum has been difficult, but there has not been much research on the subject. Currently, V. arboreum plants are commercially propagated from seeds. Asexual propagation techniques will be necessary for rapid clonal propagation of selected cultivars of V. arboreum. The current study evaluated the rooting percentage and growth characteristics of juvenile V. arboreum softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood cuttings subjected to a 10-second basal quick-dip in 0, 1000, 2500, 5000, or 7500 ppm IBA. Rooting percentage was not affected by IBA concentration. The factors that influenced rooting were the source of the cutting and the cutting type (softwood, semi-hardwood, or hardwood). Greatest rooting percentages were observed when softwood cuttings were used. There was also success using semi-hardwood cuttings from plants that had been cut back and allowed to sprout new shoots. The results of this experiment can be used to determine the feasibility of using stem cuttings to commercially propagate selected varieties of V. arboreum.
Effects of Night-Interrupted Lighting on Growth and Flowering Duration of Herbaceous Perennials Grown Under Nursery Conditions in the Southern United States
Authors: Keever Gary J. , Kessler J. Raymond , Stephenson James C.
Published: August 2020

Staggered starting dates for night-interrupted lighting (NIL) were evaluated for accelerated sequential flowering of herbaceous perennials with different photoperiod requirements outdoors in a southern nursery setting. Plants evaluated were black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’), an obligate long-day (LD) plant; obedient plant (Physostegia virginiana ‘Miss Manners’), a facultative LD plant; and Stokes' aster (Stokesia laevis ‘Peachie's Pick’), a facultative intermediate-day plant. With all species, the dates of first flower and maximum flower number occurred sooner under LDs from incandescent (INC) and fluorescent (FLU) lamps than under natural photoperiod (NP). Mean and maximum flower numbers were greater under NIL than under NP for black-eyed Susan and Stokes' aster but not for obedient plant. Time in flower increased in Stokes' aster, but either decreased or was not affected by NIL for black-eyed Susan and obedient plant. Flowering periods of black-eyed Susan and obedient plant exposed to different NIL timings overlapped extensively while leaving a gap in flowering between plants exposed to NIL and those under NP. This gap in flowering suggests that the intervals between NIL start dates could be longer to lessen the flowering overlap of plants under NIL, and that the interval between the start of the last NIL treatment and the onset of an inductive photoperiod be reduced to maintain sequential peak flowering until the natural flowering period. With Stokes' aster, flowering overlapped for plants in the different NIL timings and under NP, resulting in continuous sequential blooms from first flowering of plants under NIL until the plants' natural flowering period under NP in late May. Flowering periods of Stokes' aster exposed to NIL beginning on different dates overlapped extensively, suggesting that at least one NIL start date could be omitted and the intervals between the start of NIL increased without sacrificing continuous sequential peak flowering. NIL from INC and FLU lamps promoted growth in plant height compared to that of plants under NP, although the increase in plant height was less under FLU lamps.
Influence of Irrigation Regime on Water Stress and Growth of Ligustrum japonicum and Myrica cerifera During Establishment
Authors: Pearson Brian J. , Bass Heather , Scheiber Sloane M. , Beeson Richard C.
Published: August 2020

Native plants are often promoted for water conservation in urban landscapes. However, direct comparisons between native and introduced species utilizing physiological measures of plant water stress are unavailable to support or refute such recommendations. Ligustrum japonicum and Myrica cerifera, representing evergreen introduced and native species, respectively, were selected based on similar landscape function, non-stressed photosynthetic rates, and water use efficiencies. Both species were transplanted into a fine sand soil to evaluate establishment rates and growth characteristics under two irrigation regimes, irrigated either daily or every 3 d at 1.3 cm (0.5 in) of irrigation per event for the first 8 months after transplanting (MAT). Water potentials were recorded on two consecutive days each month, with cumulative stress intervals calculated. Water potential was significantly influenced by day of water stress level. On days without irrigation, water stress was generally greater and affected growth. Of the two species, Myrica irrigated daily had the greatest shoot growth, yet plants receiving irrigation every 3 d had the lowest root mass and biomass 8 MAT. In contrast, Ligustrum exhibited no differences in most parameters measured between irrigation regimes except for growth index. These contrasting differences stem from different strategies for coping with water stress.
Parboiled Rice Hull Mulch in Containers Reduces Liverwort and Flexuous Bittercress Growth
Authors: Altland James , Krause Charles
Published: August 2020

Use of preemergence herbicides for weed control is not always possible; some crops and many enclosed production sites are not labeled for herbicide applications. The objective of this research was to determine the utility of parboiled rice hull mulch for controlling two of the most common weeds in nursery crop production, flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With.) and liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.). Two experiments were conducted to determine control of flexuous bittercress and liverwort with 0, 0.6, 1.3, or 2.5 cm (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 in) depths of rice hull mulch applied to the surface of 15 cm (6 in) diameter pots on a greenhouse bench. In both experiments, one group of containers were potted each with a single rose (Rosa ‘Radrazz’) and another group was not potted (only substrate and rice hull mulch). Flexuous bittercress seed and liverwort gemmae were applied to the surface of the substrate or mulch. Rose response and weed growth were monitored for 8 weeks in both experiments. Substrate pH, rose foliar color, and rose growth were not affected in either experiment. Flexuous bittercress and liverwort establishment and subsequent growth decreased with increasing rice hull depth. Containers with either a 1.3 or 2.5 cm (0.5 or 1.0 in) depth of rice hulls provided nearly 100% weed control. Rice hulls provided effective bittercress and liverwort control for 8 weeks with no adverse effects on roses.
Production and Landscape Establishment of Nursery Crops in Eastern Redcedar-Amended Substrates
Authors: Carmichael Travis R. , Boyer Cheryl R. , Griffin Jason J. , Warren Stuart L. , Lavis Catherine C.
Published: August 2020

Substrate material used for the purpose of growing ornamental plants in the Great Plains is generally shipped a significant distance, primarily from the Southeastern United States. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana; ERC) chips have been identified as a possible alternative to pine bark (PB) for nursery substrates. Landscape establishment of Ulmus parvifolia ‘Emer II’ (elm), Rosa ‘Radtkopink’ (rose), Ilex glabra ‘Compacta’ (holly), Miscanthus sinensis ‘Little Kitten’ (maiden grass), Gaillardia ×grandiflora (blanket flower), Sedum ‘Autumn Fire’ (sedum), Hosta ‘Sum and Substance’ (hosta), and Hemerocallis ‘Charles Johnston’ (daylily) plants were grown in three substrate mixes. Substrate mixes were composed of 80:20 PB:sand (PBS), 40:40:20 PB:ERC:sand (PBERCS) or 80:20 ERC:sand (ERCS) (by vol). The study was split into production and landscape phases. During the production phase, pH and EC were among the parameters measured. For both phases of the study, growth index (GI), SPAD, caliper and shoot- and root dry weight were measured. At the end of the production phase, differences in growth were observed in elm, holly, and maiden grass where substrates containing PB or a mixture of PB:ERC resulted in greater growth over a primarily ERC-based substrate. Sedum also exhibited growth differences, with plants growing larger in ERCS as a production substrate. At the conclusion of the landscape establishment phase, there were no observed differences in growth for tested species with the exception of holly and hosta which grew best if produced in PBS and/or PBERCS prior to transplanting based on shoot- and root dry weights as well as GI on most evaluation dates. The majority of species in this study overcame any growth shortages present at the end of production within the first growing season in the landscape. Therefore, ERC is a viable substrate option for producing and planting many nursery crops, though it is advisable for each nursery to evaluate their particular crops for production in alternative substrates.
Incidence and Severity of Buprestid Infestation in Field-Grown Acer platanoides Related to Cardinal Orientation of Understock Bud Union
Authors: LeBude Anthony , Adkins Craig
Published: August 2020

Flatheaded appletree borers (FAB) (Chrysobothris femorata Olivier) pose a significant risk to field production of shade and flowering trees because attack by one larva can render a tree unsalable. This insect attacks wounded and stressed trees, susceptible cultivars, or newly transplanted trees that might be stressed by desiccation, high temperature or both. The insect is managed by a combination of monitoring and scouting using purple panel traps, growing degree days and plant phenology, and use of chemical insecticides. An observational study of field-planted liners of ‘Royal Red’ Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) determined that FAB only attacked the area directly around the stubbed portion of the rootstock at the union where the cultivar was budded. Trees with the stubbed area facing north or northeast were 46 to 61% less likely to be attacked by FAB than if the stubbed area was facing southwest.
The Management Of Flood Protection System Of Dewa Ruci Underpass In Bali
Authors: Risnadinata Putu Martha , Kumara I Nyoman Satya , Ariastina Wayan Gede
Published: August 2020

Dewa Ruci intersection is one point of traffic congestion point in Bali. Dewa Ruci is a major intersection that connects the city of Denpasar, Kuta, Jimbaran, and Nusa Dua. In addressing traffic congestion, built underpass so that traffic becomes smooth when passing through the intersection Dewa Ruci. Part of the Dewa Ruci intersection is below the ground level, so risks of flooding. The source of water that potentially fills the underpass is groundwater seepage and rainfall. The flood protection of the underpass is capable of storing 1344 m3 water and with the pumping system. In this research, the maintenance, operation, and management model of the flood protection system is developed that includes the development of organizational structures and standard operating procedures to ensure that the Dewa Ruci flood protection system works well sustainably.
Automation Rice and Water Filling System on Rice Cooker Via Internet of Things
Authors: Rahman Fajry Adi , Simanjuntak Josua Ronaldo , Simanjuntak Elvino , Pangaribuan Porman , Pangaribuan Porman , Cahyadi Willy Anugrah
Published: August 2020

Working and doing activities often leave someone busy with no time to do other work, such as cooking rice. Cooking rice is easy, but due to time constraints often make someone not have time to do it. This is because to cook rice in the commonly used rice cooker must be done manually. Starting from pouring rice into the pan, measuring the composition of rice and water accordingly, to pressing the warm mode button to cook button. So, to cook rice, users must spend time on the sidelines of work or activities. Based on these problems, it is necessary to design a new system on rice cookers. A system that combines rice cookers, rice storage, and gallons of water in one device. In addition to the new system that was designed, all preparations for cooking rice which previously had to be done manually can now be done automatically which is entirely controlled using a smartphone via the application. The result of this final project is the percentage of the average accuracy of the load cell sensor in calculating the mass of rice that enters the rice cooker which is 97,22% with an average percentage error of 1,41%. The average accuracy of the flowmeter sensor in calculating the volume of water that enters the rice cooker is 97.76% and the average error is 0.97%. The average time needed for sending data from the application to the automation system is 253 ms.
Editorial
Authors: Codevilla Soares Fernanda , Pereira Symanski Luís Claudio , Guedes Milheira Rafael
Published: August 2020

O volume 33, número 2 da Revista da Sociedade de Arqueologia Brasileira, dá início a um novo ciclo do periódico. Impulsionados pelo seu crescimento, materializado em termos de quantidade e qualidade de submissões anuais, e também buscando ampliar o impacto científico ao público, a Revista passa a ser quadrimestral. Além disso, poderão ser acessados dados até então não disponíveis em seu site, como indexadores, métricas de publicação e citações, assim como as redes sociais com as quais o periódico interage. Um dos focos é também ampliar a base de indexação em busca de expandir a audiência internacional, já que o periódico da SAB precisa acompanhar o crescimento da arqueologia brasileira para além das fronteiras nacionais.
An Investigation on Serum Mineral Levels of Healthy Norduz and Hair Goats Raised in Semi-Intensive Conditions
Authors: Demir Ayşe Özge , Karakuş Ferda , Akkol Suna
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the some serum minerals and their interactions between in 2, 3 and 4 years-old healthy Norduz (n=45) and Hair (n=31) goats raised in semi-intensive conditions. Mineral levels were determined with Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in ppm level. Results were calculated as Fe 1.578±0.088 and 1.379±0.095 mmol/L, Cu 1.300±0.067 and 1.303±0.080 mg/L, Zn 0.972±0.029 and 0.937±0.029 mg/L, K 4.574±0.091 and 2.102±0.074 mmol/L, Mg 2.089±0.057 and 4.670±0.098 mmol/L, Mn 2.163±0.152 and 2.215±0.198 mg/L, Pb 0.078±0.005 and 0.087±0.006 mg/L for Norduz and Hair goats, respectively. While the differences in the mineral levels of hair goats were not significant, significant differences has been found between the age groups in terms of K, F and Pb in Norduz goats. In addition, while there was no statistically significant difference between 3-year-old goats, statistically significant differences hs been found for Fe and 2-year-old goats K and Mg in 4-year-old goats. Moreover, with respect to correlation coefficients, positive correlations were obtained both between K-Mg at Norduz goats and between Fe-Cu, Fe-K, Fe-Mg, K-Mg at Hair goats in all years-old groups.
The Evaluation of Retinol, Î±-Tocopherol, Cholecalciferol and Reproductive Hormones Levels After Administrated Allium Schoenoprasum L. Ethanol Extract and Acrylamide in the Female Rats
Authors: Belhan Saadet , Huyut Zübeyir , Yörük İbrahim Hakkı , Yaşar Semih , Mis Leyla , Ayan Adnan
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out to determine the levels of retinol, Î±-tocopherol, cholecalciferol and reproductive hormones (follicle stimulating hormone - FSH, luteinizing hormone - LH, progesterone, estradiol) in the female rats administrated Allium schoenoprasum L. ethanol extract (ASLEE) and acrylamide. The study was performed on thirty-two Wistar albino female rats (200-220 grams). The rats were divided into 4 groups with an equal number. Serum LH values were higher in the ASLEE group compared to the other groups. Control group: No treatment was performed. Acrylamide group: Acrylamide was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 25 mg / kg daily. ASLEE group: ASLEE was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 200 mg / kg daily. Acrylamide + ASLEE group: Acrylamide was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 25 mg / kg daily. Then ASLEE was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 200 mg / kg per day. Serum FSH and LH values were significantly lower in the acrylamide group compared to the other groups. Serum LH values in the acrylamide + ASLEE group were significantly restored compared to the acrylamide group. Serum estradiol values were partially lower in the acrylamide group compared to other groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Serum progesterone values in the acrylamide group were significantly lower than the control group. Serum progesterone values were higher in the acrylamide + ASLEE group compared to the acrylamide group. As a result, the levels of retinol, Î±-tocopherol, cholecalciferol and reproductive hormones in ASLEE were determined in this study. In addition, when ASLEE was applied with acrylamide, the rate of change in the relevant parameters was determined.
POLITICAS EDUCATIVAS E HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: UNA MIRADA GENEALÓGICA, INTEGRADORA Y CRÍTICA
Authors: Mateos Montero Julio , Mainer Baqué Juan
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca de las complejas y nada evidentes relaciones entre las políticas educativas y el desenvolvimiento de los sistemas educativos de ayer y de hoy; al mismo tiempo se analizan y reconsideran críticamente los usos (y abusos) de las políticas educativas en la historia (y la sociología) de la educación. Al respecto, se defiende la práctica de una historia crítica, genealógica e integradora de la educación; un tipo de investigación informada teóricamente y dotada de herramientas o categorías heurísticas apropiadas que sean capaces de permitir un diálogo proliferante entre objeto, teoría y fuentes. De forma breve y paradigmática y en relación con el papel de las políticas educativas, se expone la utilidad de alguna de esas herramientas analíticas en el curso de algunas investigaciones realizadas por los autores en el marco del extinto "Proyecto Nebraska" de la Federación Icaria (España).
MUJERES UNIVERSITARIAS ARGENTINAS Y MOVIMIENTOS ESTUDIANTILES DEL SIGLO XX
Authors: Vera de Flash María Cristina
Published: August 2020

Los objetivos específicos de este trabajo se enfocan en  analizar el paso de las primeras  mujeres en la universidad argentina,  haciendo hincapié en lo ocurrido en la Universidad  Nacional de Córdoba como estudio de caso, en tanto ella fue la primera fundada en el territorio nacional.  A fin de presentar un panorama amplio del tema nos proponemos aportar nuevos datos a partir de algunas protagonistas, analizando la bibliografía más reciente y utilizando fuentes de la época, algunas totalmente inéditas. El periodo de estudio se extiende desde el último tercio del siglo XIX hasta la década del sesenta cuando las jóvenes universitarias se vieron involucradas en los conflictos  contra la dictadura militar. Obvio es decir que con esto no agotamos el tema sino tratamos de enriquecer las realidades que vivían las  estudiantes en el lapso estudiado.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL EN CHILE Y BRASIL: TENSIONES Y TENDENCIAS SOBRE CALIDAD Y GESTIÓN LOCAL
Authors: Monje Marín Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Este artículo tiene por objetivo socializar los resultados de un estudio sobre políticas de Educación Infantil (EI) en dos países sudamericanos, realizado como tesis para la obtención del grado de Maestría en Educación. Fundamentada en el campo de la Educación Comparada, la investigación describió y comparó la configuración de políticas públicas de EI de Chile y Brasil, a partir del análisis documental, la revisión de investigaciones nacionales y la voz de los gestores, para comprender las tensiones y tendencias sobre calidad y gestión local. Las conclusiones muestran que existe una convivencia difusa entre los discursos de las políticas de calidad y las acciones tomadas para su implementación local en los dos países. Además, se destaca la tendencia de las actuales reformas, orientadas hacia la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre estandarización y contextualización que propicie una renovada imagen de las instituciones como factores de calidad y transforme el sistema.
LA NOCIÓN DE MARCO INTERPRETATIVO COMO RECURSO DE ANÁLISIS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS EN EL NIVEL ESCOLAR: REVISIÓN DE UN CASO DE ESTUDIO PROPUESTO POR CYNTHIA COBURN.
Authors: Rodríguez Simón , Morales Valverde Maria Morales Valverde
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo hace una revisión crítica del estudio de Coburn (2006), enfatizando cómo la noción de marcos interpretativos permite examinar los procesos que viven las escuelas durante la implementación de las políticas educativas. En primer lugar, se presentan las ideas centrales de los marcos interpretativos. En segundo lugar, se da a conocer la metodología utilizada y el objeto de análisis. Seguidamente, se analizan los procesos de enmarcamiento identificados por la autora, al igual que -bajo una mirada escéptica- se revisan aspectos que quedan sin resolver del proceso de enmarcamiento y que pueden resultar significativos para comprender con mayor profundidad dicho proceso.  Como conclusión, se propone que: a) el uso de los marcos interpretativos como enfoque y herramienta metodológica muestra cómo el proceso de implementación de políticas que vive la escuela obedece a un problema social, situado y escasamente reproducible; b) integrar los diagnósticos, pronósticos y motivaciones, así como los microprocesos en los que participan docentes y líderes, en etapas de diseño e implementación de políticas y programas, pueden aportar a un piso de significados y compromisos necesarios para invertir energía y esfuerzos conjuntos.
REFLEXIÓN DOCENTE COMO DINAMIZADOR DE LA CONCIENCIA CORPORAL EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA DANZA
Authors: Pérez Cisternas Nataly
Published: August 2020

Revisión de literatura en relación a la articulación entre los procesos de reflexión docente y el desarrollo de la conciencia corporal en la enseñanza de la danza en siete investigaciones empíricas publicadas en la base de datos Web of Science entre los años 2001 y 2016. Se desarrolla una breve contextualización con respecto al concepto de reflexión docente y sus diferentes tradiciones, así como también las distintas perspectivas asociadas a conciencia corporal en la enseñanza de la danza, como forma de situar teóricamente el desarrollo de esta revisión de literatura. Los resultados evidencian una escasez en la producción científica sobre la vinculación entre procesos de reflexión docente y desarrollo de la conciencia corporal en la enseñanza de la danza, en relación a las investigaciones sobre reflexión docente asociadas a otras disciplinas pedagógicas. Este se considera un nicho en crecimiento en el ámbito de la enseñanza artística, sobre todo considerando las repercusiones que tiene la experiencia transformada en conocimiento mediante la reflexión y puesta en escena a través de la modificación de prácticas o repertorios dancísticos.
FORMACIÓN EMOCIONAL CON UN SENTIDO MORAL HUMANISTA-CRISTIANO: ANÁLISIS EN FUNCIÓN DEL AMOR
Authors: Mujica Johnson Felipe
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo es un ensayo que aborda la educación emocional de las personas, la cual se enmarca en la formación moral, por lo tanto, su desarrollo requiere de un análisis crítico que idealmente sea coherente con el respeto de los derechos humanos. No obstante, en algunas propuestas educativas el factor moral ha sido desconsiderado, estableciéndose una valoración estandarizada en razón del bienestar subjetivo. Por lo mismo, con la finalidad de aportar una mirada de educación emocional que incluye un sentido moral, el objetivo de este ensayo es analizar el valor de las emociones en función de la perspectiva humanista-cristiana. Por consiguiente, en este ensayo se discute el valor moral de las emociones en función de la concepción objetiva y espiritual del amor cristiano. Así, se concluye que, desde esta perspectiva moral, lo adecuado sería sentir emociones que impulsen al ser humano a construir una realidad justa, solidaria y pacífica.
LA BÚSQUEDA DE BUEN VIVIR COMO MANIFESTACIÓN DE AGENCIA COLECTIVA E IDENTIDAD PROFESIONAL: UNA EXPLORACIÓN TEÓRICA DEL MOVIMIENTO DOCENTE CON FOCO EN CHILE Y LATINOAMÉRICA
Authors: Torres Betzabe , Avilés Nidia , León Violeta
Published: August 2020

Este artículo propone cómo la búsqueda por el bienestar en el trabajo docente es una expresión agéntica que no es una cuestión individual sino colectiva. Así, conceptualizamos agencia y bienestar desde una perspectiva latinoamérica, donde se entenderá agencia como todo aquello que se realiza en el presente, informado por historias pasadas e inspirado en una esperanza futura de que las cosas sí pueden ser de otra manera. Lo anterior, fundado en las ideas de Paulo Freire y la filosofía del Buen Vivir, desde donde entenderemos a la profesión docente como dialógica y colectiva.

El concepto de agencia nos permite ver el trabajo y profesión docente como transformadora y productora de conocimiento. El concepto de bienestar, entendido desde la filosofía del buen vivir, plantea que no se puede aspirar al bienestar individual si no existe uno colectivo.

Finalmente, exploramos cómo en Chile se han dado ciertos movimientos agénticos, por ejemplo, en la movilización docente del presente año, la cual se plantea como una lucha por avanzar hacia la reconstrucción de la educación que todos y todas merecen, lo cual, sin dudas hará eco en la región latinoamericana.
LA RESISTENCIA ESCOLAR: OTRAS FORMAS DE SER MAESTRO Y ESCUELA
Authors: Mojica Vélez Carlos Guillermo , Pérez Tamayo Santiago , Arias Jiménez Hamilton Arley , Saldarriaga Zea Ana María
Published: August 2020

En esta investigación cualitativa se analizan las tácticas de resistencia que los maestros del Colegio el Triángulo (Rionegro) y la Escuela Normal Superior María Auxiliadora (Copacabana), ambas ubicadas en Colombia, realizan  frente a las estrategias de poder de una escuela domesticada, retomando las contribuciones de Masschelein & Simons (2014). Para esto, se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple a través de estrategias de análisis documental, la observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas. En estas escuelas se pueden evidenciar una serie de estrategias de domesticación y, a su vez, tácticas de resistencia que se gestan como tensiones. Cabe destacar que, el concepto de resistencia escolar permitió analizar cómo la escuela y los profesores hacen uso de tácticas para enfrentar a las múltiples estrategias que han gestado la  subordinación de la escuela, para concluir finalmente que la lucha y la resistencia son pedagógicas.
ESTUDIO DE LA PRÁCTICA EDUCATIVA DE UNA PROFESORA NOVEL A TRAVES DE LA DEMANDA COGNITIVA DE UNA TAREA ESCOLAR SOBRE FRACCIONES IGUALES
Authors: Bustos Osorio Bárbara Macarena , Ramos Rodríguez Elisabeth
Published: August 2020

La enseñanza de las fracciones es un desafío para el docente, tanto por la complejidad matemática y didáctica, como por la adecuada selección de tareas escolares y su puesta en juego en el aula. Este trabajo estudia la práctica educativa de una profesora novel, a través del análisis del nivel de demanda cognitiva de una tarea escolar sobre fracciones iguales. Se consideran tres momentos relativos a una clase: la planificación, la implementación y la reflexión posterior, mirando por completo el proceso que involucra la práctica educativa (antes, durante y después del aula). Bajo el paradigma cualitativo se lleva a cabo un estudio de caso de una profesora novel, quien propone la tarea escolar, la implementa en estudiantes de 11 y 12 años de edad y reflexiona posteriormente. El análisis de la planificación establecía un alto nivel de demanda cognitiva en la tarea, el que se mantuvo gracias a las intervenciones de la docente durante la implementación. La reflexión posterior evidencia intención de la profesora por mantener la demanda cognitiva en pro de mejorar la propuesta de enseñanza. Observar estos tres momentos del quehacer docente, ayuda a tener una percepción más amplia sobre el papel que juegan las tareas escolares en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la matemática.

Palabras Clave: fracciones iguales, sustracción, demanda cognitiva, enseñanza, práctica educativa.