bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Inertia and Outpatient Medical Errors
Authors: O'Connor Patrick J. , Sperl-Hillen JoAnn M. , Johnson Paul E. , Rush William A. , Biltz George
Published: June 2020

Clinical inertia is defined as lack of treatment intensification in a patient not at evidence-based goals for care. Clinical inertia is a major factor that contributes to inadequate chronic disease care in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemias, depression, coronary heart disease and other conditions. Recent work suggests that clinical inertia related to the management of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disorders may contribute to up to 80 percent of heart attacks and strokes. Clinical inertia is, therefore, a leading cause of potentially preventable adverse events, disability, death and excess medical care costs. This paper addresses three specific objectives: (1) to present a conceptual model of clinical inertia that takes into account recent developments in human factors research, cognitive science and organizational behavior; (2) to operationally define clinical inertia and propose simple clinical protocols that can be used to identify and map its incidence across populations of patients and physicians; and (3) to propose future research to reduce clinical inertia by specifically targeting the root causes of the problem. Ultimately, a better understanding of clinical inertia and the development of specific interventions to reduce it may be a productive strategy to reduce passive errors that contribute to hundreds of thousands of adverse events and tens of thousands of premature deaths annually in the United States.
Physicians Charged with Opioid-Analgesic Prescribing Offenses
Authors: Goldenbaum Donald M. , Christopher Myra , Gallagher Rollin M. , Fishman Scott M. , Payne Richard , Joranson David , Edmondson Drew , McKee Judith , Thexton Arthur
Published: June 2020

Objective. To provide a “big-picture” overview of the characteristics and outcomes of recent criminal and administrative cases in which physicians have been criminally prosecuted or charged by medical boards with offenses related to inappropriate prescribing of opioid analgesics.

Design: We identified as many criminal and administrative cases of these types as possible occurring between 1998 and 2006. Cases were identified using a wide variety of sources, including organizational and government-agency databases, published news accounts and websites. Factual characteristics of these cases and their outcomes, and of the physicians involved, then were further researched using additional sources and methods.

Setting: Study findings are intended to apply to practicing U.S. patient care physicians as a whole.

Patients or other participants: There were no patients or participants in this study.

Outcome measures: We analyzed the numbers and types of cases and physicians involved, criminal and administrative charges brought, case outcomes and sanctions, specialties and other characteristics of the physicians involved.

Results: The study identified 725 doctors, representing an estimated 0.1 percent of practicing patient care physicians, charged between 1998 and 2006 with criminal and/or administrative offenses related to prescribing opioid analgesics. A plurality of these (39.3 percent) were general practice/family medicine physicians, compared with 3.5 percent who were self-identified or board-certified pain specialists. Physicians in this sample were more likely to be male, older and not board certified (P<0.001). DEA criminal and complaint investigations averaged 658 per year (2003–2006) and “for cause” surrenders of DEA registrations averaged 369.7 (2000–2006).

Conclusions: Criminal or administrative charges and sanctions for prescribing opioid analgesics are rare. In addition, there appears to be little objective basis for concern pain specialists have been “singled out” for prosecution or administrative sanctioning for such offenses.
ANNUAL PLANNING OF ORE AND Pb, Zn, Ag METALS PRODUCTION IN “TREPÇA” MINE IN STANTËRG
Authors: Zeqiri Rafet
Published: June 2020

Underground mines are known as mines of particular importance, for the production difficulties,
production cost, safety factor and workforce number. Ore is mined from the depths of the
underground with a preliminary justification on the amount of ore at the source, the quality of
the ore and general reserves and then based on them the daily, monthly or annual production
is planned. The geological rock stability in the specific case constitutes special importance in
determining the underground mining method, dimensioning of the capital mine works and the
selection of work machinery. The purpose of the production organization is to produce through
mining activities the necessary products for the market (necessary material goods) in the amount
and quality required by the market, at the time they are expected by the market and at a price
acceptable by the market.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Etkinliklerine Katılımlarında Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Hitit Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KILIÇ Sabiha , ÇAKARÖZ Kübra Müge
Published: June 2020

Üniversiteler, ülkesine ve topluma yararlı ve mesleklerinde iyi eğitilmiş bireyler yetiştirmeyi hedeflemektedirler. Üniversite öğrencileri aldıkları eğitim sayesinde gelecekte yer alacakları konumlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, üniversite öğrencilerini toplumun dinamiklerini belirleyecek aday kişiler şeklinde ifade etmek mümkündür. Bu nedenle üniversite öğrencilerinin sadece mesleki açıdan kendilerini geli﻿ştirmeleri yeterli değildir. Mesleki eğitimin yanı sıra sosyal, fiziksel ve psikolojik açıdan da kendilerini geliştirmeleri oldukça önemlidir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal, fiziksel ve psikolojik açıdan kendilerini geliştirmeleri ise boş zamanlarını etkin bir şekilde değerlendirmeleri ile sağlanabilir. Üniversite öğrencilerin boş zamanları, eğitim, uyku ve dinlenme süresi dışında kalan zamanlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin boş zaman değerlendirme etkinliklerine katılımlarında etkili olan faktörlerin değerlendirilerek tercih edilen etkinlik türlerine göre kümeleme analizinin gerçekleştirilmesidir.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI SEDERHANA PADA USAHA RETAIL RUMAH TANGGA BERBASIS MONEY MANAGER APPS DI KELURAHAN CIKASUNGKA, KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Kusumaningsih Ani , Baharuddin Saga Lia Ira Sahara, Ani Kusumaningsih, Fery Citra Febriyanto,
Published: June 2020

In this Community Service (PKM), the partners we are guiding are the people in the Cikasungka Village, Solear District, Tangerang City. Our target is a household retail business, mostly run by housewives. Based on our observations, we can identify several problems faced by partners, including: very minimal knowledge about management, accounting and information technology. This is based on the relatively low level of education of partners. Moreover, current knowledge as millennial children have about systems/applications such as Money Manager Apps. So the purpose of community service is to provide adequate knowledge to household scale retailers about simple accounting so that it can be applied in everyday life. It is hoped that with the knowledge they have, financial governance can be done better, so that cash flow runs properly and does not cause "losses" (due to mismanagement) in entrepreneurship. The Implementation Method used in carrying out this activity consists of 2 stages: preparation of training and training materials, guidance also assistance.  Keywords: Accounting, Retail Business, Household, Money Manager Apps
Sosyal Ağ Kullanımı: Sosyal Kazanımlar, Kendini Gerçekleştirme ve Aidiyet
Authors: ELCİYAR Kemal , KÜÇÜK Mestan
Published: June 2020

Sosyal ağ kullanımı uyum sürecini tamamlamış ve
oldukça yüksek penetrasyon oranlarına ulaşmış günümüzdeki önemli olgulardandır.
Bu ağların ortaya çıktığı günden itibaren en önemli kitlesini öğrenciler
oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal ağların kullanım devamlılığında da çeşitli araştırmalar
oldukça geniş bir çerçevede gerçekleştirilmektedir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin
sosyal ağ kullanımında sosyal kazanımlar, kendini gerçekleştirme ve aidiyet
hissi boyutlarını ele alan bu araştırma kapsamında Orta Anadolu’da eğitim gören
557 üniversite öğrencisinden veri toplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilmiş olan bu
betimsel çalışmada anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların yukarıda
belirtilen üç boyuta ilişkin genel değerlendirmelerinin yanında cinsiyet, yaş
ve eğitim gördükleri alanlara yönelik karşılaştırmalar yapmak amacıyla da veriler
toplanmıştır. Sosyal kazanımlar, kendini gerçekleştirme ve aidiyet hissi
boyutlarında elde edilen yanıtlar cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim alanına göre analiz
edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre sosyal kazanımlar en yüksek ortalamaya sahipken bunu
kendini gerçekleştirme ve daha sonrasında aidiyet hissi izlemektedir.  Ayrıca sosyal kazanımlar, kendini
gerçekleştirme ve aidiyet hissi boyutlarında cinsiyet ve yaş açısından anlamlı
bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Eğitim aldıkları alan açısından ise anlamlı
farklılık bulunmuştur. Üç boyutta da sosyal bilimler öğrencileri anlamlı bir
şekilde daha yüksek puanlar vermişlerdir.
Medyanın Bilimle İmtihanı: Türkiye'de Gazetelerde Yer Alan Bilim Haberleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ŞAHİN Meltem , ÖZTEKİN Hülya
Published: June 2020

Bilimin halka ulaşmasında, halkın bilimi anlamasında temel kaynaklardan biri olan medyanın, bilimi nasıl aktardığının analiz edilmesi, sorunlu alanlarının tespit edilmesi bilim iletişimi için önemlidir. Bilim gazeteciliğinin oldukça önemli bir misyonu olduğu kabulüyle hareket eden bu çalışmada 1 Ekim-14 Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de en çok tiraja sahip; Sabah, Sözcü, Hürriyet ve Posta gazetelerinde yer alan bilim haberleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın konusu, Türkiye’de gazetelerde yayımlanan bilim haberlerinde bilimin nasıl sunulduğu, hangi haberlerin bilim haberi olarak aktarıldığı ve bunların bilimsel gerçeklikle olan bağıdır. Bu bağın anlaşılması, analiz edilmesi ve sorunlu alanların çözümü için yeni fikirlere katkıda bulunması amacıyla çalışmanın anlamlı olduğu düşünülmektedir.Çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İncelenen dönemde toplam 3981 haber tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 100 tanesi bilim haberi niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu haberler 5 ana kategori ve 40 alt kategori altında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgu ve sonuçlarına göre; incelenen gazetelerdeki toplam haber sayısının sadece %2,51’inin bilim haberi niteliğinde olması, Türkiye’de bilimin, yazılı basın açısından haber değeri taşımadığı sonucunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Gazetelerin yalnızca nicelik değil nitelik olarak da bilim haberciliği konusunda zayıf kaldığı görülmektedir. Bilim haberlerinde sansasyonel, şaşırtıcı ve abartılı dil kullanımı, rasyonel bilgi yerine şaşırtıcı ve absürt olanın tercih edilmesi bilim haberlerinde de magazinel üslubun tercih edildiğini göstermektedir.
Sosyal Medyadaki Kültürel Kimliklerin Dönüşümü Odaklı “Blogger Anne” Kimliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YARDIM Gözde
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın konusu, sosyal medyadaki kültürel dönüşüm odaklı ‘blogger anne’ kimliklerinin incelenmesidir. Bu konu çerçevesinde anne kimliği ile blog ortamında bulunan ve kendini ‘blogger anne’ olarak tanımlayan 8 kullanıcıyla derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Görüşmenin yanı sıra 27 blog sitesinin her birinin son 7 paylaşımı içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, katılımcıların blog ortamında annelik kimliklerini nasıl sundukları ve kültürel anlamda annelik kimliğindeki dönüşümler ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda sosyal medya aracılığı ile geleneksel annelik kimliğinde çözülmeler olduğu ancak toplumun geleneksel kültürel alt yapısının anne kimliği üzerinde etkisinin devam ettiği söylenebilir. Sosyal ağ ortamlarından biri olan bloglar, kullanıcıların annelik sunumlarını sergilemede tercih ettikleri yeni iletişim ortamları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Bu makale için 30-06-2021 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayınlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akil/issue/62608/953030
Kamu Diplomasisinin Genişleyen Repertuarı: Medya Okuryazarlığı ve Doğruluk Kontrol Platformları
Authors: ÇÖMLEKÇİ Mehmet Fatih
Published: June 2020

Dijital iletişim ağları dezenformasyonun yayılma hızını arttırmakta; devletler, uluslararası örgütler, sivil toplum örgütleri ve diğer baskı grupları ise ortaya çıkan sahte haber sorununa karşı mücadele etmektedir. Bunun yanında, yanlış bilgilerin kasıtlı olarak dolaşıma sokulması, devletler arasındaki “enformasyon savaşı”nın bir parçası olarak da görülmektedir. Çalışmada, doğruluk kontrol platformları ve buna bağlı medya okuryazarlığı inisiyatifleri, kamu diplomasisinin dijitalleşmeyle beraber genişleyen repertuarı ve dezenformasyona karşı koymada uygulanan iletişim stratejileri bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda Rusya ile Avrupa Birliği arasındaki enformasyon mücadelesi odağa alınmış, EUvsDisinfo ve StopFake isimli doğruluk platformlarının faaliyetleri kamu diplomasisi teorik çerçevesiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kamu diplomasisinin dijital aracı olarak kullanılan doğruluk kontrol platformlarının “doğruyu arama” amacının ötesine geçerek, Batılı ülkeler ile Rusya arasındaki enformasyon mücadelesinin bir parçası haline geldikleri ortaya koyulmuştur.
Muhabbet Kuşları ve Kanaryalarda Trachea ve Syrinx’in Makroanatomik ve Histolojik İncelenmesi
Authors: Gündemir Ozan , Alpak Hasan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhabbet kuşları ve kanaryaların trachea ve larynx caudalis’ini karşılaştırmalı olarakmakroanatomik incelemektir. Çevre kliniklerden ölü olarak toplanan 18 kanarya ve 29 muhabbet kuşu bu çalışmadakullanıldı. Cartilago trachealis sayısının kanaryalarda 46-47, muhabbet kuşlarında ise 53-61 olduğu görüldü. Histolojikincelemeler için Crossman üçlü boyama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Stereo Mikroskopta incelemek içinse % 0.1 metilen mavisiçözeltisi kullanılmıştır. Her iki türde de tracheobronchial tipte syrinx gözlendi. Trachea kıkırdaklarının tam bir halka şeklindeolduğu gözlendi. Ligamentum anulare ve musculus trachealis iki türde de görülmedi. Kanaryalarda pessulus ve tympanumgörülürken, bu yapılara muhabbet kuşunda rastlanılmadı. Muhabbet kuşlarında ise oldukça gelişmiş yapıda musculisyringeales görüldü. Cartilagines bronchosyringeales’in syrinx'in son kısmını oluşturduğu görüldü; bu kısmı kanaryalarda 8-9kıkırdak, muhabbet kuşlarında ise 6-7 kıkırdak meydana getirmişti.
Simental Irkı Bir Buzağıdaki Üretral Dilatasyon Olgusunun Klinik, Radyolojik, Ultrasonografik Tanısı ve Tedavisi
Authors: Günay Cihan , Polat Eren , Sağlıyan Aydın
Published: June 2020

Bu olgu sunumunda, 4 günlük simental ırkı erkek bir buzağıda karşılaşılan üretral dilatasyon olgusunun klinik, radyografik, ultrasonografik tanısı ve tedavisi tanımlandı. Klinik muayenesinde disüri ve perineal bölgede içeriği idrar olan bir şişkinlik tespit edilen buzağının yapılan radyografik ve ultrasonografik muayenesi sonucu üretral dilatasyonu olduğu tespit edildi. Genel anestezi altında, şişkinlik bulunan bölge üzerinde 6 cm uzunluğunda bir ensizyon yapıldıktan sonra, deri katmanı geçilerek dilatasyonun olduğu bölgeye ulaşıldı. İdrarın boşaltılmasının ardından, üretranın dilate olan alanı daraltılarak üretrostomi işlemi yapıldı. Operasyon sonrası hayvana postoperatif olarak 7 gün parenteral antibiyotik uygulandı. Operasyonu takiben ilk hafta sadece üretrostomi yapılan bölgeden idrarını yapan buzağının sonraki süreçte idrarını penisten de yapmaya başladığı gözlendi. Bu sebeple üretrostomi ile oluşturulan açıklık kapatılarak hayvan kontrol altına alındı. Bir ay sonra hasta sahibi ile yapılan görüşmede hayvanın sağlık durumunun iyi olduğu öğrenildi.
Sığır Kas ve Böbrek Dokularında Antibiyotik Kalıntılarının Araştırılması
Authors: Gürbüz Semra
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada sığır kas ve böbrek dokularında antibiyotik varlığının araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada, Ankara’daki mezbahalarda kesimi yapılan 100 adet sığırın kas ve böbrek dokusu ile parekende satış yerlerinden alınan 100 adet sığır kas dokusu olmak üzere toplam 300 örnek test materyali olarak kullanıldı. Örnekler antibiyotik kalıntılarının tesbiti için 107 kob/ml Bacillus subtilis BGA spor solusyonunun ilave edildiği Üç Plak Test yöntemi kullanılarak test edildi. İncelenen 300 örneğin 5’i kas ve 2’si böbrek dokusu olmak üzere 7 (%2.3)’sinde antibiyotik kalıntısı bulunduğu, pozitif bulunan 4 kas örneğinin birden fazla pH değerinde inhibisyon zonu oluşturduğu saptandı. Böbrek örneklerinden 4 (%1.3)’ü şüpheli olarak değerlendirilirken, 289 (%96.4) örnekte antibiyotik varlığı tespit edilmedi. Tüketime sunulan hayvansal dokularda antibiyotik kalıntıları bulunması önemli sağlık problemlerine neden olabileceği için hayvan yetiştiricilerinin bilinç düzeyinin artırılmasına yönelik çalışmaların etkin ve devamlı yapılmasının faydalı olacağı kanaatına varıldı.
The Effect of Plantain Active Ingredient Aucubin on Isolated Rat Smooth Muscle Tissue and Primary Cell Lines
Authors: Arslanbaş Emre , Kara Haki , Turgut Nergiz Hacer , Güngör Hüseyin , Doğan Halef Okan Doğan , Atasoy Mustafa Ozan , Kumru Alper Serhat
Published: June 2020

This study aims to assess the pharmacodynamics of aucubin, the active ingredient in plantain (Plantago), on in vitro rat bladder and trachea tissues, and explore its cell protective effects on primary lung and kidney cell lines. The study was carried out via repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, verapamil and oxybutynin, alongside Ca++ in a calcium-free environment, on urinary bladder tissue, and repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, carbachol and mecamylamine on trachea tissue. At the same time, cell viability and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was measured on primary cell lines. The results indicate that aucubin has a relaxant effect on urinary bladder and trachea tissues. It is conceived that aucubin acts as a cholinergic antagonist through different subreceptors (muscarinic-3 receptors). The results also indicate that aucubin has a dose-dependent effect on primary lung and kidney cell lines, with increased cell viability, reduced cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects. In conclusion, it is suggested that plantain, which is used in folk medicine, and its active ingredient aucubin might have beneficial effects on bronchoconstriction and other respiratory conditions, as well as on pulmonary and renal diseases, urinary incontinence, etc.
Algorithms for the automated correction of vertical drift in eye-tracking data
Authors: Carr Jon W , Pescuma Valentina Nicole , Furlan Michele , Ktori Maria , Crepaldi Davide
Published: June 2020

A common problem in eye tracking research is vertical drift—the progressive displacement of fixation registrations on the vertical axis that results from a gradual loss of eye tracker calibration over time. This is particularly problematic in experiments that involve the reading of multiline passages, where it is critical that fixations on one line are not erroneously recorded on an adjacent line. Correction is often performed manually by the researcher, but this process is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to error and inconsistency. Various methods have previously been proposed for the automated, post-hoc correction of vertical drift in reading data, but these methods vary greatly, not just in terms of the algorithmic principles on which they are based, but also in terms of their availability, documentation, implementation languages, and so forth. Furthermore, these methods have largely been developed in isolation with little attempt to systematically evaluate them, meaning that drift correction techniques are moving forward blindly. We document ten major algorithms, including two that are novel to this paper, and evaluate them using both simulated and natural eye tracking data. Our results suggest that a method based on dynamic time warping offers great promise, but we also find that some algorithms are better suited than others to particular types of drift phenomena and reading behavior, allowing us to offer evidence-based advice on algorithm selection.
Key to adult flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of the British Isles
Authors: Whitmore Daniel , Dupont Steen , Falk Steven
Published: June 2020

We present a key for the identification of males and females of 62 species of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) occurring in the British Isles, following the addition of several species to the British and Irish checklists in the last few years. Footnotes with characters for identification are given for an additional two (2) recently discovered species still awaiting publication, whereas a third species, Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) tibialis Macquart, 1851, known only from a single record from the 1970s, is not included. The key is based on the study of approximately 10,000 specimens held in the research collections of the Natural History Museum, London and is supplemented by colour photographs of diagnostic characters. The key allows for the identification of all males and 88% of females, the latter without the need for any special preparation or dissection of specimens. Emphasis is placed on characters of the external morphology not requiring a full dissection of the specimens, with the objective of maximising identification accuracy and reaching a wider user base for application in ecological studies, biological recording and forensic investigations.
الأساليب الإيحائية في التشخيص النفسي خطأ فني محتمل لابد من تجنبه
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

يغيب الوعي بمشكلة الإيحاء وأساليب الإيحاء في التشخيص النفسي عن مجال علم النفس وعلم النفس المرضي والطب النفسي والعلاج النفسي كلية، وهي تبدو كما لو أنها بلد نام إن صح القول. وحتى أن الإكلينيكيين لا يعرفون حتى ما هي الأساليب الإيحائية، ولماذا ينبغي تجنبها في موقف التشخيص النفسي بشكل قطعي. غير أن السذاجة والجهل لا يقتصران على الممارسة فقط بل يمتد ليشمل العلوم والبحوث أيضاً، وحتى تلك البحوث التي يفترض لها أن تكون عارفة بشكل أفضل ويفترض لها أن تكون قد تراكم لديها وعي معقول بالمشكلة ليست أفضل حالاً: أي أبحاث الذاكرة في ميدان أخطاء التذكر.
Seeing our 3D world while only viewing contour-drawings
Authors: Farshchi Maddex , Kiba Alexandra , Sawada Tadamasa
Published: June 2020

Artists can represent a 3D object by using only contours in a 2D drawing. Prior studies have shown that people can use such drawings to perceive 3D shapes reliably, but it is not clear how useful this kind of contour information actually is in a real dynamical scene in which people interact with objects. To address this issue, we developed an Augmented Reality (AR) device that can show a participant a contour-drawing of a real dynamical scene in an immersive manner. We found that contour information, alone, is sufficient to perform a variety of run-of-the-mill tasks under natural viewing conditions. This contour information may be sufficient to provide the basis for our visual system to obtain all of the 3D information needed for successful visuomotor interactions in our everyday life.
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling made easy: A tutorial and web application for one-stage MASEM
Authors: Jak Suzanne , Li Hongli , Kolbe Laura , Cheung Mike W.-L.
Published: June 2020

Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM) refers to fitting structural equation models (such as path models or factor models) to meta-analytic data. Currently, fitting MASEMs may be challenging for researchers that are not accustomed to working with R software and packages. Therefore, we developed webMASEM; a web application for MASEM. This app implements the one-stage MASEM approach, and allows users to apply MASEM in a user-friendly way. The aim of this article is to provide a tutorial on one-stage MASEM and a practical guide to webMASEM. We will pay specific attention to how the data should be structured and prepared for webMASEM, because mistakes in this step may lead to faulty results without receiving an error message. The use of webMASEM is illustrated with an analysis of a meta-analytic path model in which the path coefficients are moderated by a study-level variable, and a meta-analytic factor model in which the factor loadings are moderated by a study-level variable. All used datafiles and R-codes are available online.
Pooling decisions decreases variation in response bias and accuracy
Authors: Kurvers Ralf , Herzog Stefan Michael , Hertwig Ralph , Krause Jens , Wolf Max
Published: June 2020

Decision makers in contexts as diverse as medical, judicial and political decision making are known to differ substantially in response bias and accuracy, and these differences are a major factor undermining the reliability and fairness of the respective decision systems. Using theoretical modelling and empirical testing across five domains, we show that collective systems based on pooling decisions robustly overcome this important but as of now unresolved problem of experts’ heterogeneity. In breast and skin cancer diagnostics and fingerprint analysis, we find that pooling the decisions of five experts reduces the variation in sensitivity among decision makers by 52%, 54% and 41%, respectively. Similar reductions are achieved for specificity and response bias, and in other domains. Thus, while outcomes in individual decision systems are highly variable and at the mercy of individual decision makers, collective systems based on pooling decrease this variation, thereby promoting reliability, fairness, and possibly even trust.
The rhythm of learning: theta oscillations as an index of active learning in infancy
Authors: Begus Katarina , Bonawitz Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

Active learning is a critical component of human development, however, the mechanisms supporting it are not fully understood. Given that early learning experiences may affect both infants' immediate learning success, as well as their motivation to learn, it is particularly important to investigate the mechanisms of active learning in this period, when the foundations of learning habits and curiosity are built. Traditional behavioural approaches of studying infant learning face challenges that emerging tools from neuroscience may help relieve. We introduce one such tool, EEG theta oscillations, and propose this neural marker has great potential for offering novel insights into active learning. Theta activity, recorded prior to or during learning, has been shown to be predictive of learning success. We argue that this involvement in memory formation, combined with theta activity’s tight association with reward processing, makes theta oscillations a uniquely suited tool for the investigation of motivational mechanisms underlying active learning. We outline research questions as well as methodological approaches pertinent to infant learning and suggest how and why theta oscillations may offer complementary insights. As such, we aim to bridge the gap between cognitive and neural approaches, and advance our knowledge of active learning in development more broadly.
Wellbeing and cognition are coupled during development: A preregistered longitudinal study of 1136 children and adolescents
Authors: Fuhrmann Delia , Van Harmelen Anne-Laura , Kievit Rogier
Published: June 2020

Wellbeing and cognition are linked in adulthood, but how the two domains interact during development is currently unclear. Using a complex systems approach, we preregistered and modelled the relationship between wellbeing and cognition in a prospective cohort of 1136 children, aged 6 - 7 up to 15 years. We found bidirectional interactions between wellbeing and cognition that unfold dynamically over time. Higher externalizing symptoms in childhood predicted fewer gains in planning over time (standardized estimate = - 0.14, p = .019), whereas higher childhood vocabulary predicted smaller increases in loneliness over time (standardized estimate = -0.34, p = < .001). These interactions were characterized by modifiable risk and resilience factors: Relationships to parents, friendship quality, socioeconomic status and puberty onset were all linked to both cognitive and wellbeing outcomes. As such, cognition and wellbeing are inextricably intertwined during development and may be malleable to social and biological factors.
The integrity of crime statistics: Assessing the impact of police data bias on crime mapping
Authors: Buil-Gil David , Moretti Angelo , Langton Samuel
Published: June 2020

Police-recorded crimes are used by police forces to map crime patterns and design spatially-targeted strategies. Nevertheless, maps of crimes known to police are affected by selection biases driven by unequal crime reporting rates across social groups. This paper presents a simulation study to analyse the impact of selection biases on crime maps produced at different spatial scales. Based on parameters obtained from the UK Census, we simulate a synthetic population consistent with the characteristics of Manchester. Then, based on parameters derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales, we simulate crimes suffered by individuals, and their likelihood to be known to police. This allows comparing the relative difference between all crimes and police-recorded incidents at the different spatial scales. While the average relative difference between all crimes and those known to police is 62% across all geographical scales, the measures of dispersion of the relative difference are larger when crimes are aggregated to small geographies. The percentage of crimes unknown to police varies widely across small areas, underestimating the prevalence of crime in certain places while overestimating it in others. Micro-level crime maps are affected by a larger risk of bias than maps produced at larger scales.
Editorial Vol.3(1)
Authors: Badal Bharat Prasad
Published: June 2020

Not available.
Bhaktapur Tourism
Authors: Badal Bharat Prasad
Published: June 2020

Development in this age of sustainable development is sustainable development itself and tourism development is sustainable development of tourism. The present paper investigates the development of tourism from the socio economic indicators of sustainable tourism of Bhaktapur. Bhaktapur is an open museum and central hub of Tourism. To explore the Economic dimension of Bhaktapur Sustainable Tourism Development through Employment that focuses Number, type and duration of jobs, Gender equity, Business viability, Expenditure, Arrivals, Profitability, and Satisfaction. And to analyze the Social dimension of Bhaktapur Sustainable Tourism Development through Quality of Life that focuses Resident Empowerment, Congestion and crowding, Community attitudes to tourism, Access to amenities, and Changes in crime rate, the study has been conducted. The primary information is based on multiple sources of societal learning like field visits in course of doing researches, observation of various sites, General Household Questionnaire Survey, focus on group discussions, interactive seminars and a number of interactions and interviews with the experts of tourism sector in Bhaktapur. General Household Questionnaire Survey of purposively selected cluster of Dattatraya Square area was conducted on 157 households. Among five clusters Dattatrya Square was purposely selected for the study. Actual spending and length of stay of foreign tourists have been increasing in Nepal. Altogether from socio economic perspective 13 programsare recommended from the study to the local government of Bhaktapur Dattatrya. It needs around265 lakhs and timeline is not more than one year. Five times of these 13 projects and 265 lakhs can double the visitors in coming years.
„Otwieramy uczniom oczy”. Innowacyjne działania dydaktyczne
Authors: Kiwacka Agata , Letkiewicz-Zamora Joanna
Published: June 2020

The article consists of two parts: the first one includes the introduction to art therapy theory, the second one indicates the possibilities of its application in youth education. Agata Kiwacka and Joanna Letkiewicz‑Zamora — with over 20 years of experience in teaching the Polish language, they both work in integration classes in the Middle School No. 1 with Integration Departments in Bytom. They are also special educators in typhlopedagogy and art therapy. They have been using elements of art therapy during Polish classes. They want to expand their work, so they wrote their own programme, which was deployed in the integration classes in the middle school. They share their experiences from the past four years. They are continuously improving, so that the work they have taken on, would continue to give even more to the young people. They help the pupils get to know and accept themselves. They want the pupils to be aware of their worth, open-minded, and creative. So that in the future, they can become “different people.” This change in the young people is happening right in front of their eyes.
The differences between American and European approaches to security policy after the Cold War
Authors: Garlicki Marek
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to examine whether in the post-Cold War period the European approach to security policy is in fact different than the one of the United States of America, and why it is so. The author tries also to analyse what might be the impact of these differences on the transatlantic relationship and what consequences it might bring in the nearest future. After the description and definition of the term “security”, the author analyses the differences between the two approaches and refers to the arguments and viewpoints of different scholars. In conclusion an attempt to foresee the future of the EU – US security relations is undertaken.
Comparing the Efficacy of Paracetamol, Diclofenac, and Ketorolac on Post-Appendectomy Outcomes in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Alshaeer Majeed N. , M. Anwer Zinah
Published: June 2020

Abstract

urgent surgical intervention and appendectomy until now represent standard treatment for uncomplicated cases of appendicitis. Nausea, vomiting and pain after surgery are the most frequent issues facing patients and affecting patient quality of life and responsible for many cases of readmission after surgery. Ketorolac and diclofenac represent the most commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory used in postoperative setting and they cause many side effects as gastrointestinal, kidney and cardiac adverse effect in addition to increased risk of bleeding. Paracetamol is currently among the most frequently prescribed medication worldwide and it can be used safely for all age groups. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol, diclofenac, and ketorolac when used after appendectomy and to assess their efficacy regarding nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents. A randomized, single-blinded, comparative, observational prospective clinical study was carried out on patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and assigned for emergent appendectomy between October 2018 to May 2019 in Al- Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf province, Iraq.120 patients were randomly distributed into three groups who received diclofenac sodium suppositories (2mg/kg), IV Paracetamol )15mg/ kg every 6 hr.(, and IV  Ketorolac )0.5mg/ kg( immediately after surgery. All patients were observed for pain, nausea and vomiting and bleeding. Patients received ketorolac had a high percentage of the decrease in pain score between 30 and 60 min. after surgery, while paracetamol was the next and diclofenac sodium was the last. Regarding nausea and vomiting after surgery, ketorolac had higher percentage of the decrease in nausea, vomiting score during first day after surgery followed by diclofenac and paracetamol respectively. The present study also showed that there is no significant difference between groups regarding bleeding after surgery. It is concluded that ketorolac has higher analgesic efficacy compared with paracetamol and diclofenac with no risk of nausea and vomiting and bleeding when used after appendectomy.

Keywords: Postoperative pain, Ketorolac, Diclofenac, Paracetamol, Appendectomy.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of New Indole-Based Derivatives
Authors: Sulaiman Ahmed T. , W. Sarsam Susan
Published: June 2020

A new series of N-acyl hydrazones (4a-g) derived from indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) were synthesized. These N-acyl hydrazones were prepared by the reaction of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propane hydrazide and aldehyde in the existence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. 1HNMR and FT-IR analyses were used to identify the synthesized compounds and they were in vitro evaluated as antibacterial agents against six different types of microorganisms by using well diffusion method. All the tested N-acyl hydrazones (4a-g) displayed moderate activity against the Gram-negative E.coli, comparable to that of Amoxicillin. Some of the tested N-acyl hydrazones also exhibited intermediate activity against some of the examined Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While no activity was exhibited by any of the examined compounds against the Gram-positive S. aureus.
Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Activity Evaluation of New N- Substituted Phthalimide Derivatives
Authors: Sahib Halah A. , H. Mohammed Mohammed
Published: June 2020

A

A new series of bases of Schiff (H2-H4) derived from phthalic anhydrideweresynthesized. These Schiff bases were prepared by the reaction of different amines (tyrosine methyl ester, phenylalanine methyl ester, and isoniazid) with the phthalimide derived aldehyde with the aid of glacial acetic acid or triethylamine ascatalysts. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by (FT-IR and 1HNMR) analyses and were in vitro evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six various kinds of microorganisms. All the synthesized compounds had been screened for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria “Staph. Aureus, and Bacillus subtilis”, two Gram-negative bacteria “Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae”, and two fungi species “Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans” using concentrations of 62.5, 125 and 250 µg\mLof derivative in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO). All the synthesized compounds showed no activity at all against Gram-positive bacteria, for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi they showed moderate or no activity except compound H1revealedhigh antifungal activityagainstCandida tropicalisat concentrations 125 and 250 µg\ mL.

Keywords: Schiff base, phthalic anhydride, antimicrobial.
Recruiting on SMART-principles
Authors: Pryvalova Nataliia
Published: June 2020

The relevance of the research topic due to socio-economic transformations in the Ukrainian economy and, as a result of particular importance for any enterprise is the problem of selection of qualified personnel. On the Ukrainian labor market has undergone significant changes: if earlier the problem was the job search by the worker, today the main problem was the search for a qualified employee by the company. Statement of the problem. New opportunities associated with rekrutinga and improvement of it principles given the SMART technology and to make certain conclusions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Problems of personnel management, recruitment and selection of personnel, recruiting is dedicated to the work of such scientists-economists as A. Matusevich, T. Butynski, I. Zhilyaeva, E. Zotova, S. Kulakov, V. Kopeikin, V. Lysak, E. Orlova, V. Semenyak, A. Trunov and others. Highlighting unexplored aspects of the problem. In the operation and development of recruitment remains unanswered question about approaches to recruiting principles that justifies its relevance. Statement of the problem, purpose of the study. The purpose of this article is to study the nature of recruitment and its principles, given the SMART. Method or methodology of the study. The study used General scientific methods: dialectic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, generalization. The main material (the results). The article explores the nature of recruitment and the factors that influence it. It reveals the importance of recruiting for enterprise clients. Define the concept of «SMART» and its essence. It is proved that a modernized approach to recruiting, in modern conditions should be based on SMART principles, which takes into account the time factor, the needs of the enterprise client and his requirements to the potential candidate (employee) and the result (performance), which is expected from him. Recommended by the author recruiting at SMART-principles consists of specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and limited in time principles. The scope of the results. The findings and results of this paper can be used in educational and scientific process of economic faculties of higher educational institutions. However, the results can be used for recruiting, selection and hiring clients as well as business leaders, senior managers. Conclusions according to the article. On the basis of the study of the nature of recruitment and its principles, given the technology of SMART, the result of scientific work is that recruting SMART-principles contributes to a more accurate understanding of customer needs and a full view of the field of activity of the enterprise client as well as the ability to find clients and competent to work with them.
Social security of Ukraine: summary, problems and ways of ensuring
Authors: Varnalii Zakharii , Bilyk Rostislav , Khmelevskiy Mykola
Published: June 2020

The essence and content of social security are revealed, the systematic problems and ways of providing social security of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization and European integration are investigated, the analysis of the generalities of factors of social security of Ukraine at the current stage of state development is made. It is substantiated that the social security of the state, in the narrow sense, is the degree (level) of protection of national interests of the population in the social sphere from internal and external threats, and social security of the state, in the broad sense, is a state of development of the state for which the state is able to protect from internal and external threats and to ensure a decent and quality social standard of living of the population, regardless of age, gender, income level, to promote the full development of human capital. It is determined that the social challenges of Ukraine's security have intensified, especially in the areas of population reproduction and labor potential, functioning of the social sphere and labor market, income and employment of the population. It is substantiated that these challenges lead to deterioration of working conditions and decrease of material well-being, depopulation and aging of the nation, spread of poverty and disintegration of financial position of citizens, decrease of social protection of the population, increase of dissatisfaction with the life and social policy of the authorities.It is proved that the state policy in the field of convergence of the social security system of Ukraine and the EU, in particular with regard to regulation of migration processes, should be aimed at achieving the goal of systematic development of human capital and implemented in the following areas: ensuring demographic security, modernization of the health care system, restoration of the quality system education, preservation of cultural values, becoming a competitive labor market, improving housing affordability, building social infrastructure, systemic social insurance population.
Hypothesis of the law of material satisfaction and its perception by human
Authors: Vorobiyenko Petro
Published: June 2020

The research topic is aimed at solving the problem of achieving the stable development of society, so it is relevant. The problem is that, according to the existing axiom of the economy, the material needs of a man are limitless. Thus, this axiom justifies and stimulates the pursuit of enrichment, which is achieved even by breaking laws. An insatiable effort to be financially successful has led to inequalities between people and countries. In spite of all the efforts, inequality is increasing rapidly. The question is, what pleasure does a person enjoy in achieving material goals? The study of human satisfaction with material benefits has been widely reported in the literature, however, a mathematical model of human satisfaction with material goods and a unit of satisfaction has not been developed. The absence of a mathematical model makes it impossible to find out the regularities of this phenomenon - human satisfaction in the process of obtaining material goods. The paper hypothesizes that the law of human satisfaction with material goods is expressed by a logarithmic function, which is shifted along the abscissa axis so that at zero abscissa the function equals zero. A unit of satisfaction, called comfort, has been introduced. The feeling of satisfaction is expressed as the first derivative of the logarithmic function. It is known that this function approaches zero as the argument grows. The introduction of the human satisfaction law from material goods in the form of a mathematical model gives grounds to make fundamental conclusions. Since the increase in satisfaction with the increase in material goods is slowing down, and the feeling of satisfaction in general approaches zero, it is not necessary to follow the basic axiom of the economy of a capitalist society and spend exertion to satisfy material needs, especially since the feelings of it will become zero. Scientific research proves that a person is able to absorb new ideas, able to learn and apply the acquired knowledge in everyday life. This gives confidence that due to the qualitative motivational implementation of the proposed law, people will realize it as a personal life strategy, and the development of society will become more stable.
Modern concepts of budget decentralization
Authors: Volenko Valeriia
Published: June 2020

Actuality of the theme of the research. Ukraine's European integration process involves a series of reforms, one of which is budget decentralization. It must ensure the financial autonomy and capacity of local communities in accordance with European standards. The statement of the problem. Carrying out budgetary decentralization reform requires a detailed study of the concept's origins to understand its essence, as well as to compare it with financial and fiscal decentralization. The analysis of the last researches and the publications. Scientists such as M. Bell, V. Bodrov, J. Buchanan, R. Gatti, M. Derkach, R. Musgrave, W. Oates, P. Samuelson, and C. Tiebout, R. Fisman and others have devoted their scientific works to the issues of theoretical substantiation of the provisions of fiscal decentralization. The statement of the purpose the research. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the conceptual provisions of budget, fiscal and financial decentralization and their correlation. Research method or methodology. The research methods that are used in the article include comparative analysis, generalizations, grouping, comparisons, etc. The results of the work. The article deals with the process of becoming a concept of "fiscal decentralization". It is compared with the concept of "financial decentralization", and it is proved that they are synonymous. The concept of "budget decentralization" is considered and its relation with the concept of fiscal and financial decentralization is determined. The advantages and disadvantages of budget decentralization are identified. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the studying show that the concepts of fiscal and financial decentralization are synonymous. Instead, budget decentralization is a component of fiscal decentralization. One of the problems of introducing budget decentralization is the ability of local authorities to abuse their own position, to commit corruption. That’s why, it is necessary to establish state financial control at the local level.