bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A History of Satisfiability
Authors: Franco John  , Martin John
Published: February 2025

This chapter traces the links between the notion of Satisfiability and the attempts by mathematicians, philosophers, engineers, and scientists over the last 2300 years to develop effective processes for emulating human reasoning and scientific discovery, and for assisting in the development of electronic computers and other electronic components. Satisfiability was present implicitly in the development of ancient logics such as Aristotle's syllogistic logic, its extentions by the Stoics, and Lull's diagrammatic logic of the medieval period. From the renaissance to Boole algebraic approaches to effective process replaced the logics of the ancients and all but enunciated the meaning of Satisfiability for propositional logic. Clarification of the concept is credited to Tarski in working out necessary and sufficient conditions for “p is true” for any formula p in first-order syntax. At about the same time, the study of effective process increased in importance with the resulting development of lambda calculus, recursive function theory, and Turing machines, all of which became the foundations of computer science and are linked to the notion of Satisfiability. Shannon provided the link to the computer age and Davis and Putnam directly linked Satisfiability to automated reasoning via an algorithm which is the backbone of most modern SAT solvers. These events propelled the study of Satisfiability for the next several decades, reaching “epidemic proportions” in the 1990s and 2000s, and the chapter concludes with a brief history of each of the major Satisfiability-related research tracks that developed during that period.
An Algorithm for Business Process Compliance
Authors: Governatori Guido  , Rotolo Antonino
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a novel mechanism to check whether business processes are compliant with business rules regulating them. The key point is that compliance is a relationship between two sets of specifications: the specifications for executing a business process and the specifications regulating it.
European Judicial Collaboration Platform (JCP) for Secure International Judicial Collaboration
Authors: Negroni Elisa  , Davies Katherine  , Cislaghi Mauro  , Eleftherakis George  , Ferri Sara
Published: February 2025

The data security in the information exchange process is one of the major critical factors that justice sector professionals must cope with, particularly in international cooperation. The J-WeB project, running in the frame of the Information Society and Technology Programme of the European Union, intends to offer a new solution for secure and reliable multimedia document exchange and storage among judicial operators of different Member States working at joint cross-border pre-trial investigations on criminal matters. The J-WeB Judicial Collaboration Platform aims at the provision of Governmental bodies with more safe, easy-to-use and cost-effective working instruments, but also, through the involvement of the Italian and the Montenegrin Ministries of Justice as pilots, at the factual contribution to the policy and technology transfer from Europe to Western Balkans. This paper is meant to present the project and its technical features.
An Image-Query Creation Method for Representing Impression by Color-based Combination of Multiple Images
Authors: Sasaki Shiori  , Itabashi Yoshiko  , Kiyoki Yasushi  , Chen Xing
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a dynamic image-query creation and metadata extraction method with semantic correlation computation between color-combinations and impressions of multiple image data. The main features of our method are (1) to create an image-query which reflects user's intention dynamically according to the color-based combinations of images with common features selected by a user as context, (2) to extract appropriate impression by each image collection which cannot be easily extracted from a single image, (3) to provide users an image retrieval environment reflecting historical and cultural semantics and impression of color especially for cultural properties, and (4) to enable an image retrieval environment for the collection of images by time, culture, author e.t.c.. The queries are created by the combination of multiple image sets and operations, which are intersection, accumulation, average, difference of color elements of sample images. First, a set of multiple images with common features is set as sample data for a query creation. Second, color histograms are extracted from the image sets for creating feature vector of a query. Third, the correlations between an image-query vector and target image vectors are calculated on a space which represents the relationship between color and the impression according to historical and cultural semantics of color. This image-query creation method representing impression of color makes it possible to expand the range of image retrieval for a large number of image data of cultural property in digital archives, such as electronic library and electronic museum, automatically.
Designing a Decision Support System For Urban Infrastructure Decision Making
Authors: Poole Marshall Scott  , Courtney James  , Lomax Tim  , Vedlitz Arnold
Published: February 2025

The vision of utilizing information technology to make government more effective, efficient and responsive to its citizens has long captivated government officials and the public alike. This chapter describes a project to design a decision support system (DSS) for planning and budgeting infrastructure in a major U.S. city. The system was projected to help with decision making related to numerous aspects of the city's infrastructure (water, sewage, roads, and waste water) and to include input from multiple stakeholders to infrastructure decisions, including relevant government agencies, the public, builders, community leaders, and the city government. The design of the DSS had to address nine challenges which formed significant barriers to realization of the system. In the end a scaled back prototype was created because the challenges proved too difficult to overcome with current technology and resources. We discuss the nine challenges and some avenues for future DSSs that might help to address them.
Online Discussion on Government Websites: Fact and Failure?
Authors: ter Hedde Marc  , Svensson Jörgen
Published: February 2025

With the advent of the Internet various governments started to experiment with online discussions in which citizens could express their ideas and opinions. The official statistics in the Netherlands on this topic give the impression that the use of this form of Internet participation has been growing ever since, and that more and more governments are attracted to this form of political communication. An empirical investigation of four examples at the local level shows that these online discussions are now functioning with some success. Online discussion forums typically contain numerous contributions by citizens, and they seem to comply with the requirements which have been formulated for open discussions in the public sphere. In the majority of the cases there is evidence of participants who address serious issues, who are sincere and open to others and who discuss on the bases of arguments, while maintaining a reasonable level of respect for other participants. Further analysis, however, shows that these online discussions have little impact on the formal political process and also that the quality of the discussions themselves tends to deteriorate over time. Thus, in the end, the real promises of this democratic innovation seem rather bleak.
Service Transformation Towards Citizen-Centric Government? The Evolution of a Smart Card Application in UK Local Government
Authors: Lips Miriam  , Taylor John A.  , Organ Joe
Published: February 2025

Governments around the world have far reaching expectations of service transformation to create citizen-centric government. New Identity Management (IDM) systems are acknowledged as the sine qua non for establishing ‘Transformational government’. Whether the introduction of IDM-enabled service transformation will bring us the desired service state, or in fact a surveillance state, as proponents claim, is an important topic of an emerging public debate in the UK. In this chapter we empirically explore what IDM-enabled service transformation means by focusing on the introduction and use of a multi-functional smart card application in UK local government. Although we conclude that service transformation has happened in this particular case, with government-centric, instead of citizen-centric, government as the outcome, it turns out to be a much less revolutionary experience in practice than expected. Instead, we observe an evolutionary development of the smart card: a gradual, difficult and complex process in taking the smart card scheme forward.
Has Incrementalism Murdered the Hype? An Assessment of the Potential and Actual Use of Geographical Information Systems in Policy Design
Authors: Moody Rebecca
Published: February 2025

In this chapter it will be evaluated whether incrementalism can account for Geographical Information Systems not reaching its full potential, and the expectations made in the hype, in the field of policy design. This will be done by first elaborating on Geographical Information Systems, what they are, what the expectations at the beginning of the hype were and what the actual use is. Next the rational actor model, bounded rationality and incrementalism will be elaborated on. Two case studies in which Geographical Information Systems were used to enhance policy making will be demonstrated and used to draw final conclusions on which part of the potential of Geographical Information Systems has not been reached and how the expectations during the hype could not meet practice and how this can be explained.
CroMo – Morphological Analysis for Standard Croatian and its Synchronic and Diachronic Dialects and Variants
Authors: Ćavar Damir  , Jazbec Ivo-Pavao  , Stojanov Tomislav
Published: February 2025

CroMo is a finite state transducer that combines three major functionalities into one high-performance monolithic machine for morphological segmentation, annotation, and lemmatization. It is designed to be flexible, extensible, and applicable to any language that allows for purely morphotactic modeling on the lexical level of morphological structure. While it minimizes the development cycle of the morphology, its annotation schema maximizes interoperability by using a direct mapping from the GOLD ontology of linguistic concepts and features. The use of standardized ontology based annototains provides advanced possibilities for a DL-based post-processing of the annotated output.
An XML Format Proposal for the Description of Weighted Automata, Transducers and Regular Expressions
Authors: Demaille Akim  , Duret-Lutz Alexandre  , Lesaint Florian  , Lombardy Sylvain  , Sakarovitch Jacques  , Terrones Florent
Published: February 2025

We present an XML format that allows to describe a large class of finite weighted automata and transducers. Our design choices stem from our policy of making the implementation as simple as possible. This format has been tested for the communication between the modules of our automata manipulation platform Vaucanson, but this document is less an experiment report than a position paper intended to open the discussion among the community of automata software writers.
Early Warning Systems: an approach via Self Organizing Maps with applications to emergent markets
Authors: Resta Marina
Published: February 2025

Over the past two decades the globalization of market economies have led to a large number of financial crises in emerging markets. The case of Paraguay in earlier ‘90 of the past century or, more recently, the crises in Turkey, Argentina, and Far East Asian markets have taught the important lesson that such phenomena, originally arising at local basis, can spread contagiously to other markets as well. At the same time, this made clear the importance of Early Warning System (EWS) models to identify economic and financial vulnerabilities among emerging markets, and, ultimately, to anticipate such events. With this in mind, we have introduced an EWS model based on the powerful clustering capabilities of Kohonen's Self Organizing Maps. Using macroeconomic data of several emerging countries, our analysis has been twofold. We have originally provided a static snapshot of countries in our dataset, according to the way their macroeconomic data cluster in the map. In this way, we were able to capture the (eventual) reciprocities and similarities from various emerging markets. As second step, we have dynamically monitored their evolution path in the map over the time. As main results, we were able to develop a crisis indicator to measure the vulnerability of countries, and we have also provided a proper framework to deduce probabilities of future crises.
Remote Sensing Imagery for Soil Characterization: a Wavelet Neural Data Fusion Approach
Authors: Cacciola Matteo  , Morabito Francesco Carlo  , Barrile Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

Technological advances in remote sensing imagery allows to obtain high resolution images, helpful in soil characterizing, monitoring and predicting natural hazards. On the other hand, the different kind of in-service sensors allows inferences on a large frequency band. In spite of this, due to the increasing requirements of industrial and civil entities, the academic research is actually involved in improving the quality of imageries. The aim is to implement automatic tools able to work in real-time applications, above all in order to solve pattern identification problem in remote sensing. Within this framework, our work proposes a data fusion methodology, based on the Multiscale Kalman Filter, in order to improve soil characterization in Ikonos surveys.
Neural Networks for the Parameters Characterization of ECG Dynamical Model
Authors: Cacciola Matteo  , La Foresta Fabio  , Morabito Francesco Carlo  , Versaci Mario
Published: February 2025

The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the recording of the effects produced from the bioelectric field generated by the cardiac muscle during its activity. Specific changes in ECG signals can reveal pathologic heart activity. For this reason, a dynamic model - that accurately describes the heart bioelectric behavior and that can be mathematically analyzed - could be a practical way to investigate heart diseases. The aim of this paper is to introduce a dynamic model to simulate pathological ECG as well as to evaluate an Artificial Neural Network able to distinguish the impact of some modeling parameters on specific and peculiar features of EGC's trend.
A case study on the System for Paleographic Inspections (SPI): challenges and new developments
Authors: Aiolli Fabio  , Ciula Arianna
Published: February 2025

Of all the disciplines that study the past through its written heritage, paleographyFor an introduction to paleography see [1].
Planning for Implementing of IT Governance CIO in Indonesia
Authors: Supangkat Suhono Harso  , Fiarni Cut
Published: February 2025

In the era of globalization, Information Communication and Technology (ICT) is widely used in various functions of all kinds of organizations. The installation, transformation, and applications of IT are taken care by an IT leader who may be called “CIO (Chief Information Officer)”. As the function of CIO is likely a knowledge center of the organization. The big challenge on the implementation of ICT governance in Indonesia is that administratively, Indonesia consists of 33 provinces, five of which have special status. Each province has its own political legislature and governor, and each one of them has different governance structures. This condition can lead to information islands. G-CIO established to overcome this challenge and to achieve the knowledge based society in Indonesia. This is because G-CIO position is to fill the leadership gap across government unit and institution. Due the widely and political aspect, a G-CIO has to has technical ability, management skill and soft skill.
Rural and Municipal e-Government Initiatives in Developing Countries: Best Practices and a Framework for Success
Authors: Auffret Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

While many developing country e-Government efforts are national government focused, rural and municipal initiatives hold great promise as well for bettering the lives of citizens. Rural and municipal e-Government directly connect government and citizens and can further efforts to provide services effectively, promote economic development, and foster citizen engagement. The paper reviews best practices and success stories in rural and municipal e-Government efforts, and then develops an assessment model, SENSE, for determining the promise of rural and municipal eGovernment investments. The paper concludes with a discussion of Open City Portal – an open source platform for municipal portals – that enables municipalities with limited budgets and technology expertise to develop a municipal portal that helps achieve many of the objectives of e-Government.
The Style and Contents of China Government in Steering E-Government Construction and Implementation
Authors: Fengchun Yang
Published: February 2025

China in realizing the importance of E-government, started its move tangibly when it promoted the year 2002 as “E-government Year of China”. Since then the Central Government has played a leading role and all levels of governments have joined hands in the process of E-government development of China. This article provides details of efforts of the country's E-government development in terms of Setting-up E-government Lead Agency in Central Government, Leadership of E-government from Core Agency of Central Government, Patterns and Contents of China Government in Steering the E-government and Lead agencies of E-government at the Level of Local Governments. State Council Informatization Leading Group takes the primary responsibility of steering and coordinating the nationwide work on informatization. The key leadership in local government is the so called “Information Work Leading Group”. The group consists of government top leaders and important government department heads with the power to establish strategy and conduct policy framework and coordination work.
A Reconfigurable Architecture for Building Intelligent Learning Environments
Authors: Linn Joseph G.  , Segedy James  , Jeong Hogyeong  , Podgursky Benjamin  , Biswas Gautam
Published: February 2025

This paper describes our initial efforts at implementing a new Choice-Adaptive Intelligent Learning Environment (CAILE) that combines multi-agent adaptive technologies and service architectures to provide a framework for designing extendible and reconfigurable learning environments. We describe the core components of the CAILE architecture, learning tasks that establish a situated context for learning, and a set of customizable agents that support student learning. We employ software engineering metrics to evaluate the system, and illustrate the reconfigurable and extensible properties of our design and implementation.
Motivation and Collaboration On-Line
Authors: Howley Iris  , Chaudhuri Sourish  , Kumar Rohit  , Rosé Carolyn Penstein
Published: February 2025

This poster describes a controlled study that examines how individual motivation orientations affect computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) activities with an adaptive thermodynamics dialogue tutor. Our results show that motivation orientation has an effect on perceptions of one's learning partner, and possibly one's self-confidence.
M
Authors: Morimoto Shoichi
Published: February 2025

There have been various methods and tools for formal verification of software, thus their usage are not unified. It is difficult to identify suitable methods or tools for each software development and to utilize appropriately them. Moreover, because various stakeholders generally engage in the development, their uneven skill and experience cause difficulty of quality management of the software verification. Therefore, we have developed a formal verification environment for multi-user, multi-method, and multi-platform. More than one developer can formally describe and verify their software specification with the others in dynamic web applications via the environment by any method or tool, simultaneously and cooperatively. They can also share knowledge and experience of the verification on the environment. Consequently, the environment smoothes the verification and supports the development.
Three Philosophers and a Design for Expressive Gestural Interaction
Authors: Danylak Roman
Published: February 2025

There is currently intense interest in the potential of gestural expression as input for human – computer interaction, resembling the role that gesture plays in human to human communication. An interactive artwork, To be or not to be, designed to research gesture and emotional response, was created using a theatrical model of expressive gesture. Excerpts from the works of Augustine and Kant clarify the cognitive categories present in the theatrical model, whilst Wittgenstein's notion of language as a game, establishes the concept of the artwork. The interactor experience was evaluated for coherency and gestural engagement.
Improving Safety and Healthy Life of Elderly People: Italian and Japanese Experiences
Authors: Sasaki Jun  , Yamada Keizo  , Tanaka Michiru  , Fujita Hamido  , Pisanelli Domenico M.  , Rasconi Riccardo  , Tiberio Lorenza  , Lazzari Claudio De
Published: February 2025

The high aging society has become a main problem in advanced countries. In this paper common problems of the high aging society in Italy and Japan are described. Then, new healthcare systems and some field trials in both countries are introduced and compared. At last, how to improve the life style of elderly people in Italy and Japan are proposed.
Auditable Intention-Oriented Web Applications using PAA Auditing/Accounting Paradigm
Authors: Baker Thar  , Taleb-Bendiab A.  , Randles Martin
Published: February 2025

Historically, auditing has related to financial matters. It is now applied to other disciplines such as quality, environment, safety, information systems and security. Today's business climate requires organizations to constantly evolve IT strategies to respond to new opportunities or threats. Tracking the achievement of business goals, objectives and strategies is increasingly used to adapt and adjust the outcome of business processes at runtime. From the implementation perspective and particularly for mobile applications, the capability of the system to provide audit or assurance services in real time is essential if the systems are to assist the users in finding the services they need or solving the problems they have. In this paper, an Auditing/Accounting model for monitoring and observing the Intention/Process model of a business processes is introduced. With this approach, the Auditing model is able to automatically capture auditing information during the process execution time, and keep track of all the updated intentions versions in case of they are needed for re-use. The Audit model editor will assist the user to move among the updated versions of the intentions.
What Analogies Can Tell Us About the Future of Cybersecurity
Authors: Sulek David  , Moran Ned
Published: February 2025

For more than a decade, leading experts in government and industry have warned of an impending Cyber Pearl Harbor, a surprise electronic attack with the potential to neutralize U.S. military power and cause massive disruptions in U.S. and global computer networks. This is a powerful historical analogy – but is it the right one? This paper articulates a framework to better explore and examine the use of historical analogies in their application to conflict in cyberspace. The resulting analysis does not seek to argue the Pearl Harbor analogy is a bad one. Quite to the contrary – our thesis is that while a cyber Pearl Harbor remains a possibility, is should not be treated by decision makers as an inevitability and that there may be equally powerful historical analogies to guide future cyber strategies.
Sub Rosa Cyber War
Authors: Libicki Martin C.
Published: February 2025

Cyberspace offers the prospect of sub rosa warfare, in which neither side acknowledges that they are in conflict with one another or even that one side has been attacked at all. This is possible for two reasons: first, because the battle damage from some types of cyber attack may not be globally visible, and second because attribution can be very difficult. The reason that both sides may keep matters sub rosa is to maintain freedom of actions, on the theory that public visibility may complicate negotiations and lead to escalation. Nevertheless, sub rosa warfare has it dangers, notably a lack of the kind of scrutiny that may promote actions which cannot bear the light of day, and the overconfident assumption that no third party is aware of what is going on between the hackers of both sides.
Interaction, observance or both? Study of the effects on convention emergence
Authors: Villatoro Daniel  , Sabater-Mir Jordi  , Sen Sandip
Published: February 2025

Social conventions are useful self-sustaining protocols for groups to coordinate behavior without a centralized entity enforcing coordination. The emergence of such conventions in different multi agent network topologies has been investigated by several researchers. In the literature we can observe two different approaches taken by agents to reach conventions: direct interactions with other agents that affects its payoff, or, an observance approach based on a majority rule, where agents change their state depending on their neighbors states. However, we proposed a mixed strategy, where agents are able to do both: interact and observe. The research question to be answered in this work is the percentage of each approach an agent should take in order to reach conventions faster.
A New Lexical Chain Algorithm Used for Automatic Summarization
Authors: Gonzàlez Edgar  , Fuentes Maria
Published: February 2025

Lexical chains are widely used as a representation of text for Natural Language Processing tasks. However, efficient algorithms for the construction of lexical chains often resort to local decisions. We propose a new algorithm for Lexical Chaining, based on a global function optimization through Relaxation Labelling. A preliminary evaluation of the performance of our approach has been performed on a Catalan agency news corpus. The comparison to an efficient state-of-the-art algorithm for Lexical Chaining gives promising results. The resulting lexical chainer has been used for a complete multilingual Automatic Summarization system, available on-line.
Translating ETC to LLVM Assembly
Authors: Ritson Carl G.
Published: February 2025

The LLVM compiler infrastructure project provides a machine independent virtual instruction set, along with tools for its optimisation and compilation to a wide range of machine architectures. Compiler writers can use the LLVM's tools and instruction set to simplify the task of supporting multiple hardware/software platforms. In this paper we present an exploration of translation from stack-based Extended Transputer Code (ETC) to SSA-based LLVM assembly language. This work is intended to be a stepping stone towards direct compilation of occam-π and similar languages to LLVM's instruction set.
CSP as a Domain-Specific Language Embedded in Python and Jython
Authors: Mount Sarah  , Hammoudeh Mohammad  , Wilson Sam  , Newman Robert
Published: February 2025

Recently, much discussion has taken place within the Python programming community on how best to support concurrent programming. This paper describes a new Python library, python-csp, which implements synchronous, message-passing concurrency based on Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes. Although other CSP libraries have been written for Python, python-csp has a number of novel features. The library is implemented both as an object hierarchy and as a domain-specific language, meaning that programmers can compose processes and guards using infix operators, similar to the original CSP syntax. The language design is intended to be idiomatic Python and is therefore quite different to other CSP libraries. python-csp targets the CPython interpreter and has variants which reify CSP process as Python threads and operating system processes. An equivalent library targets the Jython interpreter, where CSP processes are reified as Java threads. jython-csp also has Java wrappers which allow the library to be used from pure Java programs. We describe these aspects of python-csp, together with performance benchmarks and a formal analysis of channel synchronisation and choice, using the model checker SPIN.
Design Patterns for Communicating Systems with Deadline Propagation
Authors: Korsgaard Martin  , Hendseth Sverre
Published: February 2025

Toc is an experimental programming language based on occam that combines CSP-based concurrency with integrated specification of timing requirements. In contrast to occam with strict round-robin scheduling, the Toc scheduler is lazy and does not run a process unless there is a deadline associated with its execution. Channels propagate deadlines to dependent tasks. These differences from occam necessitate a different approach to programming, where a new concern is to avoid dependencies and conflicts between timing requirements. This paper introduces client-server design patterns for Toc that allow the programmer precise control of timing. It is shown that if these patterns are used, the deadline propagation graph can be used to provide sufficient conditions for schedulability. An alternative definition of deadlock in deadline-driven systems is given, and it is demonstrated how the use of the suggested design patterns allow the absence of deadlock to be proven in Toc programs. The introduction of extended rendezvous into Toc is shown to be essential to these patterns.
The discriminating power of random features
Authors: Rovetta Stefano  , Masulli Francesco  , Filippone Maurizio
Published: February 2025

Input selection is found as a part of several machine learning tasks, either to improve performance or as the main goal. For instance, gene selection in bioinformatics is an input selection problem. However, as we prove in this paper, the reliability of input selection in the presence of high-dimensional data is affected by a small-sample problem. As a consequence of this effect, even completely random inputs have a chance to be selected as very useful, even if they are not relevant from the point of view of the underlying model. We express the probability of this event as a function of data cardinality and dimensionality, discuss the applicability of this analysis, and compute the probability for some data sets. We also show, as an illustration, some experimental results obtained by applying a specific input selection algorithm, previously presented by the authors, which show how inputs known to be random are consistently selected by the method.
The COST 2102 Italian Audio and Video Emotional Database
Authors: Esposito Anna  , Riviello Maria Teresa  , Di Maio Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

This paper describes general specifications and current status of the COST 2102 Italian Audio and Video Emotional Database collected to support the research effort of the COST Action 2102: “Cross Modal Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication” (http://cost2102.cs.stir.ac.uk/). Emphasis is placed on stimuli selection procedures, theoretical and practical aspects for stimuli identification, characteristics of selected stimuli and progresses in their assessment and validation.
A case study of hypothetical and value-based reasoning in US Supreme-Court cases
Authors: Bench-Capon Trevor  , Prakken Henry
Published: February 2025

This paper studies the use of hypothetical and value-based reasoning in US Supreme-Court cases concerning the United States Fourth Amendment. Drawing upon formal AI & Law models of legal argument a semi-formal reconstruction is given of parts of the Carney case, which has been studied previously in AI & law research on case-based reasoning. The result is compared with Rissland's (1989) analysis in terms of dimensions and Ashley's (2008) analysis in terms of his process model of legal argument with hypotheticals.
Exploiting Properties of Legislative Texts to Improve Classification Accuracy
Authors: Opsomer Rob  , De Meyer Geert  , Cornelis Chris  , Van Eetvelde Greet
Published: February 2025

Organizing legislative texts into a hierarchy of legal topics enhances the access to legislation. Manually placing every part of new legislative texts in the correct place of the hierarchy, however, is expensive and slow, and therefore naturally calls for automation. In this paper, we assess the ability of machine learning methods to develop a model that automatically classifies legislative texts in a legal topic hierarchy. It is investigated whether such methods can generalize across different codes. In the classification process, the specific properties of legislative documents are exploited. Both the hierarchical structure of legal codes and references within the legal document collection are taken into account. We argue for a closer cooperation between legal and machine learning experts as the main direction of future work.
STIA: Experience of Semantic Annotation in Jurisprudence Domain
Authors: Pazienza Maria Teresa  , Scarpato Noemi  , Stellato Armando
Published: February 2025

In this work we present STIA: a tool for semantic annotation in the Jurisprudence domain. The tool offers an easy interface to domain experts (lawyers, administrative, researchers, …) for annotating relationships of pertinence between portions of text from different laws covering similar topics/circumstances/events. These annotations either constitute a resource on their own (which can be used in the context of semantic search engines to improve retrieval of related laws) as well as a precious feed for tools aiming at automatically extracting more of the above relationships.
Translating the Japanese Presupposed Ultimate Fact Theory into Logic Programming
Authors: Satoh Ken  , Kubota Masahiro  , Nishigai Yoshiaki  , Takano Chiaki
Published: February 2025

The Japanese “theory of presupposed ultimate facts” (called “Yoken-jijitsu-ron” in Japanese) for interpreting the Japanese civil code has been underway for over forty years mainly by judges in the Japanese Legal Training Institute, but not yet formalized in a mathematical way. This paper attempts to mathematically formalize this theory and presents the correspondence between the theory and logic programming with “negation as failure”. It is quite surprising that Japanese judges independently developed such a theory without knowing about logic programming.
Characteristics of Blood Vessels
Authors: Pais Eszter  , Meiselman Herbert J.  , Alexy Tamas
Published: February 2025

This introductory chapter for Section 4 will overview the anatomical, histological and functional characteristics of the vascular system and will briefly review the physical principles governing blood flow in various sections of the circulatory system.
Blood Hemostasis in Exercise and Training
Authors: El-Sayed Mahmoud S.  , Ali Nagia
Published: February 2025

Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis occur in exercise. Available evidence suggests that strenuous exercise induce activation of blood coagulation with concomitant enhancement of blood fibrinolysis men, women and adolescents. Although the responses of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis appear to be related to the exercise intensity and duration, recent reports suggests that moderate exercise intensity is followed by activation of blood fibrinolysis without simultaneous hyper-coagulability, while very intense exercise is associated with concurrent activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Exercise effects on platelet aggregation and function in healthy individuals have produced conflicting results. However for patients with history of coronary heart disease, the preponderance of available evidence would suggest that platelet aggregation and functions are increased with exercise. Meagre information exists on the effect of exercise training on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and the exact effects are not as yet known. Recent reports suggest that training-associated improvement in markers of endogenous fibrinolysis appear to be related to the intensity and duration of the training programme. Although the effects of physical training on platelets have been briefly investigated, the evidence reported recently suggests that exercise training is linked with favourable effects on platelet aggregation and activation in both men and women.
Repeated Sprint Ability
Authors: Bishop David  , Girard Olivier
Published: February 2025

High-intensity sprints of short duration, interspersed with brief recoveries, are common during most team sports. Therefore, the ability to recover and to reproduce performance in subsequent sprints is an important fitness requirement of team-sport athletes and has been termed repeated-sprint ability (RSA). Using laboratory and field-based protocols, performance analyses have shown that fatigue during repeated sprints is manifested by decreased running speed or reduced power output. Proposed factors responsible for these performance decrements include limitations in energy supply, metabolic by-product accumulation (e.g., Pi, H+), impairment of Ca2+kinetics or reduced excitation of the sarcolemma (increase in extra-cellular K+). However, increasing evidence also indicates that failure to fully activate the contracting muscle might potentially limit repeated-sprint performance. Moreover, the details of the task (e.g., changes in the nature of the work/recovery bouts) will determine the contribution of the underlying mechanisms (task dependency) and additional homeostatic perturbations (e.g., hypoglycaemia, muscle damages, hyperthermia) are likely to compromise fatigue resistance. It could be argued that the best way to improve repeated-sprint performance is to improve the underlying factors responsible for fatigue. High-intensity interval training (80-90% VO2max) interspersed with rest periods that are shorter than the work periods appear necessary to increase the ability to buffer H+(βm). We have also shown that similar high-intensity interval training can significantly improve PCr resynthesis and RSA. In contrast, intermittent sprint training has not been reported to increase βm or the rate of PCr resynthesis. Thus, rather than game-specific training, training specific for the underlying physiological systems may be required to improve these important physiological qualities for team-sport athletes. While a single sprint relies predominately on anaerobic energy sources, recent research has shown that it is possible for athletes to reach their VO2maxduring repeated sprints. This suggests that training that increases VO2maxmay allow for a greater aerobic contribution during latter sprints, potentially improving repeated-sprint performance. In summary, this chapter attempts to summarise and draw conclusions from the studies that have described mechanisms underlying functional impairments during repeated-sprint tasks and to relate these decrements to the potential impact of various training regimens on repeated-sprint performance.
Exercise Associated Hyponatremia
Authors: Noakes Timothy D.
Published: February 2025

Prior to 1969 athletes were advised to avoid drinking during exercise. But beginning in the 1970's, the idea gained credence that not to drink during exercise was “criminal folly” that could lead to dehydration-induced heat stroke. As a result athletes were advised to drink “beyond thirst” by ingesting “as much as tolerable” during exercise. The immediate consequence of this new advice was first identified in 1981 when a female runner developed exercise-associated hyponatremic encephalopathy (EAHE) during a 90km ultramarathon foot race in South Africa.
Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gremeaux Vincent  , Laurent Yves  , Casillas Jean-Marie
Published: February 2025

A sedentary lifestyle has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular (CV) disease, which is the primary cause of death in developed countries. The level of physical capacity, which at least in part gives an indication of the exercise habits of a patient, is an independent predictor of cardio-vascular death, even in the elderlies.
Control of Breathing: Regulation of Exercise Hypernea
Authors: Blain Grégory
Published: February 2025

In healthy humans at sea level, alveolar ventilation is precisely regulated to match metabolic rate and maintain pH and arterial partial pressure of dioxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at, or close to, resting levels over a wide range of workloads. However, the mechanism that links ventilation to O2demand and metabolic CO2production remains highly controversial.
E-Municipality in Indonesia – Moving Towards Service Oriented Government
Authors: Supangkat Suhono Harso
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a change from the application development paradigm to a service delivery one. After introducing the concept of the Service Oriented Architecture paradigm in the context of an e-municipality, it discusses specific issues relating to e-Municipality in Indonesia such as implementation challenges.
Building the Foundation for Sustainable Electronic Government: Experience, Lessons and Framework
Authors: Janowski Tomasz
Published: February 2025

This paper looks firstly at the issues involved in establishing e-Government in Macao from the perspective of the United Nations University (UNU). After describing the role of UNU in this program, the lessons learnt are presented. This paper also provides a general overview of other e-government related programs carried out by UNU.
Vietnam's e-Government Architecture for National and Provincial Government
Authors: Tran Tien Minh
Published: February 2025

After presenting some basic statistics regarding ICT (telephone subscribers, telecommunication density, Internet users per capita), as well as the result of various e-government readiness measurements, this paper provides a general overview of the architecture of e-Government in Vietnam at both the national and local level.
Affordances as Qualities
Authors: Ortmann Jens  , Kuhn Werner
Published: February 2025

Affordances elude ontology. They have been recognized to play a role in categorization, especially of artifacts, but also of natural features. Yet, attempts to ontologize them face problems ranging from their presumed subjective nature to the fact that they involve potential actions, not objects or properties. We take a fresh look at the ontology of affordances, based on a simple insight: affordances are perceived by agents and may lead to actions, just like qualities are perceived and may lead to observations. We understand perception as a process invoking a quale in an agent. This quale can then be expressed as an action, if it stems from an affordance, or as an observation, if it stems from an other quality. Thus, we see affordances as qualities of the environment, perceived and potentially expressed by agents. We extend our recently proposed ontology of observations to include affordances and show how the parallel between observations (producing values) and affordances (producing actions) provides a simple and powerful ontological account of both.
On Building an Index Advisor for Semantic Web Queries
Authors: Stanchev Lubomir  , Weddell Grant
Published: February 2025

Current optimization techniques for answering queries over Semantic Web data use realization to precalculate the individuals associated with every concept in the given ontology. However, this technique does not take into account the type of queries, written for example in nRQL or SPARQL-DL, that will arrive at the system. In this paper we propose how this additional knowledge can be used to create query-specific indices. We include experimental results that show how our approach can be used to improve the performance of the Pellet query engine for the popular LUBM benchmark.
A Well-Founded Software Measurement Ontology
Authors: Barcellos Monalessa Perini  , Falbo Ricardo de Almeida  , Dal Moro Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Software measurement is a relatively young discipline. As a consequence, it is not well defined yet, making the terminology used diverse. In order to establish a basic conceptualization regarding this domain, in this paper we present a Software Measur ement Ontology, developed grounded in the Unified Foundational Ontology.
Segmenting and Merging Domain-specific Ontology Modules for Clinical Informatics
Authors: Ogbuji Chimezie  , Arabandi Sivaram  , Zhang Songmao  , Zhang Guo-Qiang
Published: February 2025

A significant set of challenges to the use of large, source ontologies in the medical domain include: automated translation, customization of source ontologies, and performance issues associated with the use of logical reasoning systems to interpret the meaning of a domain captured in a formal knowledge representation. SNOMED-CT and FMA are two reference ontologies that cover much of the domain of clinical informatics and motivate a better means for re-use. In this paper, we present a method for segmenting and merging modules from these ontologies for a specific domain that preserve the meaning of the anatomy terms they have in common.
A Metric Suite for Evaluating Cohesion and Coupling in Modular Ontologies
Authors: Ensan Faezeh  , Du Weichang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a set of semantic metrics for measuring cohesion and coupling in modular ontologies. For defining these metrics, we consider the semantic of modular ontologies instead of their syntax. Based on the semantic-based definitions, both explicitly asserted knowledge and the implied knowledge that is derived from the explicitly represented knowledge are considered for ontology evaluation. We validate the introduced metrics based on the Kitchenham metric validation framework.
The Use of Ontologies to Support Intelligence Analysis
Authors: Lee Richard
Published: February 2025

For some years now, the Intelligence Community has been using XML “tagging” of documents in an effort to make the documents more usable for data discovery, sharing, and other processing. In implementing a system (METS) which automates the identification of relevant data in documents, we noted several limitations of that XML tagging approach, and therefore chose to also provide an OWL ontology-based representation of that data. Here, we discuss the goals of METS, those XML limitations, and the OWL approach, showing how the latter should support better analysis. (As we discuss, clients have thus far not made use of the OWL results, so the benefits are still hypothetical.) We also discuss issues we encountered in developing the ontologies, outline the design and use of the operational METS for processing message feeds and other documents, and conclude with future plans which include greater ontology coordination and sharing, and assisting with the incorporation of tools for benefiting from the semantic information provided by the OWL.
Unsupervised Feature Generation using Knowledge Repositories for Effective Text Categorization
Authors: Prasath Rajendra  , Sarkar Sudeshna
Published: February 2025

We propose an unsupervised feature generation algorithm using the repositories of human knowledge for effective text categorization. Conventional bag of words (BOW) depends on the presence / absence of keywords to classify the documents. To understand the actual context behind these keywords, we use knowledge concepts / hyperlinks from external knowledge sources through content and structure mining on Wikipedia. Then, the features of knowledge concepts are clustered to generate knowledge cluster vectors with which the input text documents are mapped into a high dimensional feature space and the classification is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed approach identifies associated features in the text collection and yields an improved classification accuracy.