bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus gallolyticus Bacteremia Detected in Apheresis Platelets and Its Link to Colonic Neoplasms
Authors: Lemanski Francisco Costa Beber , Barp Anna Laura Duro , Hammacher Gabriela Kohl , Cas Martina Estacia Da , Wink Cristine Moratelli , Voloski Ana Paula dos Santos , Pasqualotti Adriano , Araújo Cristiane da Silva Rodrigues de
Published: July 2022

Introduction Streptococcus gallolyticus belongs to the Streptococcus bovis complex, and it is a common bacterium colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Its presence in the blood may suggest an underlying pathology such as a colonic neoplasm. We report herein a case of S. bovis bacteremia in an apheresis platelet donor, review similar cases in the literature, and suggest a flowchart for the management of similar cases in other blood donation centers.

Case Presentation A 61-year-old subject presented to a Hemotherapy Service to make an apheresis platelet donation. On quality control testing, S. gallolyticus was identified in hemoculture, and the donor was called back for follow-up. At first, a new hemoculture was requested, and the patient was referred to the outpatient department of infectious diseases to further investigate pathologies associated with S. gallolyticus. A subsequent colonoscopy investigation evidenced a polypoid structure in the ascending colon. Pathology reported the resected specimen as a low-grade tubular adenoma.

Conclusion Isolation of S. bovis in blood products requires further investigation and should be managed with precision by Hemotherapy Services. A standard protocol for the management of asymptomatic patients with S. bovis positive hemoculture, with the requests of a new blood culture, a colonoscopy, and an echocardiogram is crucial, as it may ensure early diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Modellprojekt „SAN“: Hessischer Notfalleinsatz
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: July 2022

In Berlin hat die emotionsgeladene Diskussion über die künftige Organisation der deutschen Notfallversorgung neuen Schwung aufgenommen. Derweil ist in drei hessischen Landkreisen ein Modellprojekt gestartet, das einiges verändern könnte – weil alle Akteure zusammenarbeiten.
Auszahlung der KHZG-Fördermittel: „Auftragsflut und lange Wartezeiten“
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: July 2022

Die Auszahlung der Fördermittel nach dem Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz (KHZG) verzögert sich. Martin Saß, Referent für digitale Gesundheitsversorgung beim Bundesverband Gesundheits-IT – bvitg e. V., erläutert die Hintergründe und worauf die Krankenhäuser in der aktuellen Situation achten sollten.
50 °C low-temperature ALD SnO2 driven by H2O2 for efficient perovskite and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Ren Ningyu , Zhu Chengjun , Li Renjie , Mazumdar Sayantan , Sun Cong , Chen Bingbing , Xu Qiaojing , Wang Pengyang , Shi Biao , Huang Qian , Xu Shengzhi , Li Tiantian , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: July 2022

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on SnO2 have reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%, large-scale fabrication remains the main obstacle to the commercialization of PSCs. Therefore, considering the process compatibility, low-temperature processing and large-area fabrication technologies have received widespread attention as those are ideal for upscaling of single and tandem devices. Herein, we demonstrated an effective atomic layer deposition (ALD) process by using H2O2 as an oxygen source and the deposition temperatures can be lowered up to 50 °C due to the high activity of H2O2. The low temperature deposition enables conformal coverage of the substrate and results in a pinhole-free film with high optical transmittance, excellent electron extraction properties, and large area uniformity. Notably, a high PCE of 20.70% is achieved for single junction PSCs based on ALD-SnO2 (50 °C). When the ALD-SnO2 applied to p-i-n structure perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cell, an efficiency of 26.67% was obtained. The results demonstrate the potential of the low-temperature ALD processed metal oxide for large-scale manufacturing of optoelectronic devices with competitive performances.
Knock-on deuteron imaging for diagnosing the morphology of an ICF implosion at OMEGA
Authors: Kunimune J. H. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Adrian P. J. , Heuer P. V. , Regan S. P. , Séguin F. H. , Gatu Johnson M. , Bahukutumbi R. P. , Knauer J. P. , Bachmann B. L. , Frenje J. A.
Published: July 2022

Knock-on deuteron imaging is a new diagnostic technique that is being implemented at the OMEGA laser facility to diagnose the morphology of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion. It utilizes the fact that some of the neutrons from deuterium–tritium (DT)-fusion reactions generated in the central hot-spot of an ICF implosion elastically scatter deuterons as they traverse the surrounding shell layer. The energy of these “knock-on” deuterons depends on the scattering angle, where the most energetic deuterons are forward-scattered and probe the shape of the central hot-spot, while lower-energy deuterons are made by side-scattering or slowing down in the fuel and carry information about the distribution of the dense DT-fuel layer surrounding the hot-spot. The first proof-of-concept tests have been conducted successfully. In these tests, three penumbral imagers with different views on an implosion recorded deuterons scattered from the dense shell of DT-gas-filled deuterated plastic shell implosions with prescribed offsets. Data from these experiments are presented here, along with novel analysis techniques that iteratively reconstruct the deuteron source from the data. Reconstructed hot-spot and shell radii agree with 1D hydro simulations and indicate a P1 asymmetry in the direction of the offset. A comparison of coaxial deuteron and x-ray images suggests the presence of a mix between the hot-spot and shell on the order of 15 μm. This new diagnostic capability will allow us to study asymmetries in unprecedented detail at OMEGA.
Preparation of α′-Fe(N)/α′-Fe8N by γ′-Fe4N precursor
Authors: Ma Bin , Guo Guannan , Liu Jinming , Zhang Fan , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: July 2022

An approach by using the γ′-Fe4N precursor was proposed to prepare a bulk magnet with high α″-Fe16N2 content, and the feasibility for high N content α′-Fe(N)/α′-Fe8N was demonstrated in ribbon samples. γ′-Fe4N decomposed when it was heated to a high temperature, and then, a supersaturated γ-Fe(N) phase formed because of N atoms diffusing out from the γ′-Fe4N lattice. The short-lived supersaturated γ-Fe(N) had the face-centered cubic lattice, and its nitrogen content is beyond 3.0 wt. %. The supersaturated γ-Fe(N) acts as a precursor of the martensite transformation for a body-centered tetragonal phase. After the cryo-treatment, which was essential to complete the martensite transformation, a mixture of α′-Fe(N) and α′-Fe8N was obtained. The N content of more than 2.5 wt. % in the samples was achieved.
Insights into TiO2 thin film photodegradation from Kelvin Probe AFM maps
Authors: Olukan Tuza , Sydorenko Jekaterina , Katerski Atanas , Al Mahri Mariam , Lai Chia-Yun , Al-Hagri Abdulrahman , Santos Sergio , Chiesa Matteo
Published: July 2022

The synthesis of TiO2 thin films by the chemical spray pyrolysis method at different titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) to acetylacetone (AcacH) ratios has been shown to lead to the highest photodegradation at 1 (TTIP):8 (AcacH). These films hold promise in the field of indoor pollution treatment. Carbon incorporation into the surface and into the TiO2 lattice could be responsible for the observed performance, but the mechanism is still to be elucidated. Here, we report the correlation of contact potential difference (CPD) contrast maps as produced using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, and the observed functionality dependence on the TTIP to AcacH ratio. Since the CPD contrast locally provides information about the sample's Fermi level, this correlation provides a means to interpret enhanced photocatalytic activity in terms of the presence of acceptors that make possible a faster transfer of charge carriers to the surface.
Cell models for micropolar fluid past a porous micropolar fluid sphere with stress jump condition
Authors: El-Sapa Shreen
Published: July 2022

The axisymmetric creeping flow of micropolar fluid past a porous surface saturated with micropolar fluid is investigated analytically. A sphere's surface is assumed to have adequate boundary conditions, but the appropriate boundary conditions applied to its fictitious envelope differ based on the type of cell model used. For various parameter values, velocities and microrotation distributions are displayed in multiple graphs, and each is handled separately using an analytical method. The normalized hydrodynamic drag force acting on a spherical droplet-in-cell is computed for various values of volume fraction, permeability, micropolarity, and stress jump parameter. A model for the motion of micropolar porous fluid spheres in micropolar fluids in cells has good agreement with literature variable values.
Fluid–thermal–structure interaction of three heated circular cylinders in tandem at a low Reynolds number of 150
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Zhong Jiawen , Liu Bin
Published: July 2022

The fluid–thermal–structure interaction of three identical, heated circular cylinders in tandem with a variable spacing ratio ranging from 4.0 to 10.0 is numerically investigated using the finite element method in this work. The vibration response and vorticity–temperature distribution are examined at the Prandtl number of Pr = 0.71 and the Reynolds number of Re = 150 in the reduced velocity range of 1.0 ≤ Ur ≤ 15.0. The numerical results indicate that the temperature distribution generally follows the vorticity clusters, presenting a distinct gradient in the wake. Four flow regimes are identified in terms of the interference of shear layers and vortex shedding, that is, continuous reattachment, alternate reattachment, quasi-identical shedding, and co-identical shedding, which are related to the reduced velocity and the spacing ratio. The middle and downstream cylinders experience the wake-induced vibration, and the wake-induced galloping occurs when Ur > 6. Compared with an isolated cylinder, the tandem configuration contributes to the drag reduction in the considered range of spacing ratio. Due to the wake interference, the time-averaged Nusselt number Numean is lower than that of an isolated cylinder. The heat transfer of the tandem cylinders is closely associated with their hydrodynamic behaviors.
Willingness rate of the first visit to primary healthcare services and the associated factors in China: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chong , Qiu Lei , Wang Huimin
Published: July 2022

Background In September 2015, the State Council of China issued guidelines on building a hierarchical medical system, stating that the first visit rate to primary healthcare (PHC) facilities should be increased to 70% for all medical facilities by 2017. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the willingness of the first visit to PHC services in China after the year 2015 and identify its determinants. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted. Results The combined estimate from 23 studies in China for the willingness rate of the first visit to PHC services was 56% (95% CI: 47–65). Chronic diseases may be one source of heterogeneity. We identified five main associated factors with the pooled odds ratio ranging from 1.39 to 10.28, including fair self-reported health status; high understanding of service content; good service attitude; solid expertise and advanced diagnostic methods; and a good medical environment. Conclusion In comparison with China’s State Council recommendations, the willingness rate for the first visit to PHC services was significantly lower. The Government should develop strategies to facilitate the implementation of a hierarchical system for diagnosis and treatment.
Chlamydia home sampling in the real world: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Foster Rosalind , Vickers Tobias , Lu Heng , McNulty Anna
Published: July 2022

Background Retesting rates for chlamydia in Australia are low. Chlamydia home sampling has been shown to increase retesting rates. Sydney Sexual Health Centre introduced chlamydia home sampling in 2019. The aim of this study is to describe home sampling in a real world setting. Methods In this retrospective study, the total number of heterosexual males and non-sex-working females who tested positive for chlamydia at a urogenital site (1 November 2019 to 31 October 2020) were identified based on local diagnostic codes. Agreeing participants who were sent a home sampling SMS reminder at 2.5 months were included for further analysis. Descriptive statistics and attrition rates of the home sampling were calculated using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analyses of the main covariates by each stage, assessing crude associations, were performed using chi-squared tests. Results A total of 444 people attending Sydney Sexual Health Centre were eligible for the chlamydia home sampling option, 25.9% agreed to be sent the home sampling SMS invitation, of which 53 (46.1%) replied and were mailed a home sampling kit, with 43.4% returning the kit; of these 3 (13.0%) were positive for chlamydia. The majority (91.3%) of tests were performed within 6 months of original diagnosis. Of those who initially agreed but then did not undertake home sampling, 22.6% subsequently tested in clinic at Sydney Sexual Health Centre. There were no associations between any of the variables measured and undertaking home sampling. Conclusions Home sampling process for chlamydia reinfection screening in heterosexual men and non-sex-working women had much lower uptake than seen in a previous trial with high attrition rates at each stage.
Assessing the predictive efficacy of six machine learning algorithms for the susceptibility of Indian forests to fire
Authors: Sharma Laxmi Kant , Gupta Rajit , Fatima Naureen
Published: July 2022

Increasing numbers and intensity of forest fires indicate that forests have become susceptible to fires in the tropics. We assessed the susceptibility of forests to fire in India by comparing six machine learning (ML) algorithms. We identified the best-suited ML algorithms for triggering a fire prediction model, using minimal parameters related to forests, climate and topography. Specifically, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire hotspots from 2001 to 2020 as training data. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC/AUC) for the prediction rate showed that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) (ROC/AUC = 0.908) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) (ROC/AUC = 0.903) show excellent performance. By and large, our results showed that north-east and central India and the lower Himalayan regions were highly susceptible to forest fires. Importantly, the significance of this study lies in the fact that it is possibly among the first to predict forest fire susceptibility in the Indian context, using an integrated approach comprising ML, Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Climate Engine (CE).
Probing Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen base pairing in duplex DNA using dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Conroy Daniel W. , Xu Yu , Shi Honglue , Gonzalez Salguero Nicole , Purusottam Rudra N. , Shannon Matthew D. , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. , Jaroniec Christopher P.
Published: July 2022

The majority of base pairs in double-stranded DNA exist in the canonical Watson-Crick geometry. However, they can also adopt alternate Hoogsteen conformations in various complexes of DNA with proteins and small molecules, which are key for biological function and mechanism. While detection of Hoogsteen base pairs in large DNA complexes and assemblies poses considerable challenges for traditional structural biology techniques, we show here that multidimensional dynamic nuclear polarization–enhanced solid-state NMR can serve as a unique spectroscopic tool for observing and distinguishing Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen base pairs in a broad range of DNA systems based on characteristic NMR chemical shifts and internuclear dipolar couplings. We illustrate this approach using a model 12-mer DNA duplex, free and in complex with the antibiotic echinomycin, which features two central adenine-thymine base pairs with Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen geometry, respectively, and subsequently extend it to the ∼200 kDa Widom 601 DNA nucleosome core particle.
Phosphorylation of Arl4A/D promotes their binding by the HYPK chaperone for their stable recruitment to the plasma membrane
Authors: Lin Ming-Chieh , Yu Chia-Jung , Lee Fang-Jen S.
Published: July 2022

The Arl4 small GTPases participate in a variety of cellular events, including cytoskeleton remodeling, vesicle trafficking, cell migration, and neuronal development. Whereas small GTPases are typically regulated by their GTPase cycle, Arl4 proteins have been found to act independent of this canonical regulatory mechanism. Here, we show that Arl4A and Arl4D (Arl4A/D) are unstable due to proteasomal degradation, but stimulation of cells by fibronectin (FN) inhibits this degradation to promote Arl4A/D stability. Proteomic analysis reveals that FN stimulation induces phosphorylation at S143 of Arl4A and at S144 of Arl4D. We identify Pak1 as the responsible kinase for these phosphorylations. Moreover, these phosphorylations promote the chaperone protein HYPK to bind Arl4A/D, which stabilizes their recruitment to the plasma membrane to promote cell migration. These findings not only advance a major mechanistic understanding of how Arl4 proteins act in cell migration but also achieve a fundamental understanding of how these small GTPases are modulated by revealing that protein stability, rather than the GTPase cycle, acts as a key regulatory mechanism.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the GUM, Poland, and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Michalik Ł
Published: July 2022

Main text

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the GUM, Poland, and the BIPM in the low-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 5.8 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Matrix shaped plasmonic hybrid nanostructure with direction-dependent functionality for multianalyte detection and biosensing
Authors: S Simitha , Francis Shinto M , Ramachandran Ajith , Jacob Jesly , Thomas Vibin Ipe
Published: July 2022

A Surface plasmon resonance based hybrid nanosystem with the competence of single and multiple analytes analysis is demonstrated using a symmetry modified sensory platform for promising application in biosensing. Plasmonic properties of the designed 2 × 2 matrix system arising from higher-order plasmonic modes generated near groove positions in the structure are analyzed numerically and calibrated for enhanced sensor performance and multi-functionality. The asymmetric defect/ percentage of asymmetry (Δ) in the structure, incorporated by means of a position-wise shift of Ag nanodisc exhibits pivotal results in performance parameters, including intra channel sensitivity (S
intra), channel separation factor (CH
factor
), figure of merit (FOM) and Q-factor. The pairs of sensing windows of the hybrid structure show a geometric symmetry along the x and −x direction and an asymmetry along its perpendicular (y and −y). Among the symmetric and asymmetric channels, spatially resolved plasmonic modes of asymmetric channels facilitate the multi quantification of analytes in a single stimulation, whereas symmetric ones confirm the presence of the different analytes in the given specimen. With the sensor function flexible to light incidence direction, the matrix system can be effectively employed across medical diagnostics and healthcare monitoring.
Biological miniature temperature sensor based on monodisperse microsphere lasers fabricated by soft microfluidic technology
Authors: Nguyen Toan Van , Nguyen Trung Duc , Mai Hanh Hong , Pham Nhat Van , Ta Van Duong , Nguyen Tien-Anh
Published: July 2022

Microsphere biolasers employing biological materials as their cavity matrix have attracted tremendous research attention due to their potential for bio-integration, cell-tracking and biosensing. Several techniques have been applied for fabricating microsphere biolasers such as emulsion and vacuum freeze-drying but the current technology generally can not control the output size of the laser and therefore hinder them from many applications. In this work, we demonstrate that a low-cost microfluidic device can be very effective in fabricating nearly monodisperse dye-doped protein microspheres with up to 70% of them having the same size. Under optical pumping, these microspheres emit lasing emission with a lasing threshold of ∼1 µJ and a quality factor of ∼2.5 × 103. The lasing mechanism is ascribed to whispering gallery mode. Furthermore, the obtained microlasers can be employed for temperature sensing based on the wavelength shift of lasing mode with increasing temperature. The sensor sensitivity in the measured range of 25 °C–50 °C is about 0.47 nm/°C. More interestingly, microlasers of the same size exhibit a very similar sensing performance which confirm their high reproducibility and reliability. Owing to the biocompatibility and small size, these miniature laser-based sensors can be implantable in skins and tissues for biological studies and medical diagnostic.
Non-Arrhenius behaviour of nickel self-diffusion in liquid Ni77Si23
Authors: Demmel F
Published: July 2022

Nickel self-diffusion was measured for a Ni77Si23 alloy in the liquid state over a temperature range of about 400 K through quasielastic neutron scattering. At the two lowest temperature points the derived diffusion coefficients deviate from a high-temperature Arrhenius-type behaviour and indicate a change in dynamics above the liquidus temperature. A fit with a power-law temperature dependence as predicted by the mode coupling theory for the liquid to glass transition can describe the diffusion coefficients quite well over the whole measured temperature range. The obtained results agree with predictions from a classical molecular dynamics (MD)-simulation, which evidenced an increasing glass forming ability with increasing silicon content. A crossover to a super-Arrhenius behaviour was reported for metallic glass formers above the liquidus temperature and the here investigated NiSi alloy demonstrates the same signature.
Detection method of obstacles in the dangerous area of electric locomotive driving based on MSE-YOLOv4-Tiny
Authors: Wang Wenshan , Wang Shuang , Guo Yongcun , Zhao Yanqiu , Tong Jiale , Yang Tun
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problems of error warning, low detection efficiency and inability to meet the requirements of lightweight deployment in current track obstacle detection algorithms based on computer vision, a detection method of obstacles in the dangerous area of electric locomotive driving based on improved YOLOv4-Tiny (MSE-YOLOv4-Tiny) was proposed. An obstacle image dataset was constructed to provide a testing environment for various target detection algorithms. The method of perspective transformation, sliding window and least square cubic polynomial was used to fit the track line. By finding the area where the track was located and extending a certain distance to the outside of the track, the dangerous area of the electric locomotive running was obtained. A three-scale detection structure was formed by increasing the shallow detection scale in the detection layer, so as to improve the detection accuracy of the network for smaller targets, such as stones. An improved SKNet (ECA_SKNet) attention mechanism module was added to the output ends of the three scales of the backbone network, and the weight was reassigned to realize feature reconstruction, thus further improving the detection accuracy of the target. By adding the Spatial Pyramid Pooling module, the local and global features of the image were fused to improve the accuracy of localization and detection accuracy of the network. A comparative experiment was carried out on the dataset constructed in this paper. The experimental results show that the problem of false warnings caused by taking the target in the safe area as an obstacle can be effectively solved by dividing the danger area of electric locomotive driving. Compared with the original YOLOv4-Tiny algorithm, the MSE-YOLOv4-Tiny algorithm has a 3.80% increase in mean average precision while maintaining a higher detection speed and a smaller model memory. It has better detection performance and can be used for autonomous driving electric locomotive obstacle detection to provide technical support.
Electron emission from bromouracil and uracil induced by protons and radiosensitization
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Madhusree , Monti Juan M , Misra Deepankar , Weck Philippe F , Rivarola Roberto D , Tribedi Lokesh C
Published: July 2022

Absolute double differential cross sections (DDCS) of electrons emitted from uracil and 5-bromouracil (BrU) in collisions with protons of energy 200 keV have been measured for various forward and backward emission angles over wide range of electron energies. The measured DDCS are compared with the continuum distorted wave-eikonal initial state (CDW-EIS) calculations. The optimized structure of the BrU was estimated along with the population analysis of all the occupied orbitals using a self-consistent field density. A comparison between the measured DDCS data for the two molecules show that the cross section of low energy electrons emitted from BrU is substantially larger than that for uracil. The BrU-to-uracil DDCS ratios obtained from the present measurements indicate an enhancement of the electron emission by a factor which is as large as 2.0 to 2.5. These electrons being the major agent for damaging the DNA/RNA of the malignant tissues, the present results are expected to provide an important input for the radiosensitization effect in hadron therapy. It is noteworthy to mention that the CDW-EIS calculations for Coulomb ionization cannot predict such enhancement. A large angular asymmetry is observed for uracil with a broad structure, which is absent in case of BrU.
The influences of B-site doping on ferroelectric and energy-storage properties of Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3–LiSbO3 ceramics
Authors: Yang Wentao , Uddin Sarir , Zaman Arif , Zheng Guangping
Published: July 2022

Single-phase Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5Ti1−xMxO3–0.01LiSbO3 (BNKT–LS-xM) (M = Ta, Nb or Zr, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) lead-free ceramics are prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The influences of Ta5+, Zr4+or Nb5+ doping at B-site of perovskite structures on the crystal structure, chemical structure, ferroelectric and energy-storage properties of BNKT–LS ceramics are systematically investigated. Although the introduction of Ta5+, Zr4+ and Nb5+ at B-site could disturb the long-range ferroelectric ordering, Ta5+ or Nb5+ doping results in excellent thermal stability of the energy-storage density (as large as 0.7 J cm−3) at elevated temperatures (50 °C–200 °C) with a high energy-storage efficiency (>90%). The results demonstrate that the lead-free BNKT–LS-xM ceramics are promising dielectric materials that can be finely tuned for electrical energy storage with high energy storage efficiency and a wide range of operating temperature.
Forward kinematics of body posture perception using an improved BP neural network based on a quantum genetic algorithm
Authors: Chen Buqing , Zhang Taihui , Cong Lin , Ma Jin , Hu Wendong
Published: July 2022

Forward kinematics analysis of body posture perception is the basis for studying other performance of 6-degree of freedom parallel robot. Because forward kinematics involves many sets of nonlinear equations, it is usually difficult to solve. In this paper, an improved BP neural network (BPNN) based on a quantum genetic algorithm (GA) is designed to solve the forward kinematics problem. Additionally, we use the characteristics of easy calculation of inverse kinematics to generate a dataset for training and testing. Finally, through a large number of experiments, we show that the improved strategy of BPNN by quantum GA is effective, and the accuracy of the model we designed is high enough to solve the forward kinematics of body posture perception.
Mono-γ production of a dark vector at future e
+
e
− colliders*
Authors: Ma Kai
Published: July 2022

The associated production of a dark particle and photon, represented as a mono-γ event, is a promising channel to probe particle content and dynamics in the dark sector. In this study, we investigate the properties of the mono-γ production of vector dark matter at future

colliders. Photon-like and Pauli operators as well as triple gauge boson interactions involving dark matter are considered in the framework of effective field theory. We show that, in comparison with the Pauli operator, the triple gauge boson couplings are significantly more interesting in high energy colliders. Beam polarization effects are also analyzed, and we show that the experimental sensitivities cannot be significantly enhanced because of the smaller luminosity.
Isotopic production cross sections of fragmentation residues produced by 18O ions on a carbon target near 260 MeV/nucleon*
Authors: Xu Xiao-Dong , Sun Ya-Zhou , Wang Shi-Tao , Mei Bo , Jin Shu-Ya , Zhang Xue-Heng , Sun Zhi-Yu , Zhao Yi-Xuan , Tang Shu-Wen , Yu Yu-Hong , Yan Duo , Fang Fang , Zhang Yong-Jie , Ma Shao-Bo
Published: July 2022

The isotopic cross sections of residual nuclei produced in fragmentation reactions of 18O projectiles impinging on a carbon target at energies near 260 MeV/nucleon were measured at the HIRFL facility in Lanzhou (China). A full identification of atomic and mass numbers of fragments was achieved from the determination of their magnetic rigidity, energy loss, and time of flight. The production cross sections for a dozen of nitrogen, carbon, and boron isotopes were determined with uncertainties below 30% for most of the cases. The obtained cross sections for N and B isotopes show a rather good agreement with previous experimental data obtained with different projectile energies. The cross sections for some C isotopes seem to exhibit a dependence on the projectile energy. A comparison of the data and several theoretical model calculations are presented.
Fractional Klein–Gordon equation on AdS2+1
Authors: Basteiro Pablo , Elfert Janine , Erdmenger Johanna , Hinrichsen Haye
Published: July 2022

We propose a covariant definition of the fractional Klein–Gordon equation (KGE) with long-range interactions independent of the metric of the underlying manifold. As an example we consider the fractional KGE on AdS2+1, computing the explicit kernel representation of the fractional Laplace–Beltrami operator as well as the two-point propagator of the fractional KGE. Our results suggest that the propagator only exists if the mass is small compared to the inverse AdS radius, presumably because the AdS space expands faster with distance as a flat space of the same dimension. Our results are expected to be useful in particular for new applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence within statistical mechanics and quantum information.
Electronic transport in three-terminal chaotic systems with a tunnel barrier
Authors: Oliveira Lucas H , Barbosa Anderson L R , Novaes Marcel
Published: July 2022

We consider the problem of electronic quantum transport through ballistic mesoscopic systems with chaotic dynamics, connected to a three-terminal architecture in which one of the terminals has a tunnel barrier. Using a semiclassical approximation based on matrix integrals, we calculate several transport statistics, such as average and variance of conductance, average shot-noise power, among others, that give access to the extreme quantum regime (small channel numbers in the terminal) for broken and intact time-reversal symmetry, which the traditional random matrix approach does not access. As an application, we treat the dephasing regime.
Augmenting the concept of Institutional Analysis to the inter-state border delimitation and demarcation practice in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Jumari Shahril Azhari , Omar Abdullah Hisam , Idris Khairulnizam M. , Abdullah Nazirah Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Enhancing border management policies appears to be a crucial aspect of the state border nations’ proposal for interstate border governance. Understanding the action principle that guides an effective decision-making process among the institutions involved is necessary to improve a policy. The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD), proposed by Elinor Ostrom, an American political scientist specializing in institutional behaviour, is the most applicable framework for reforming guidelines. This article aims to raise awareness of the significance of incorporating the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework concept into the Joint Border Committee’s (JBC) effective practice of interstate border determination in Peninsular Malaysia. Although incorporating social science knowledge into border management cycles remains limited, it appears to have increased over the past decade. The findings are analyzed to determine the suitability of integrating Institutional Analysis & Development (IAD) into Peninsular Malaysia’s JBC practice to predict institutional behaviour and relationships related to the outcomes
Assessments of Nutrients Content in Soil and Leaves of Harumanis Mangoes and Its Relationship with the Yield
Authors: Razi Noorazwani Mohd , Syazwani Zakaria Siti Noor , Shahidin Nurhaliza Mohamad , Nasron Nursyahani
Published: July 2022

Crop yield can determine the health of a tree based on the nutrient content applied by the farmers. Soil nutrients are essential for plant production. This research aims to study the relationship between the yields of Harumanis mango and the nutrient content in soil and leaves. Three (3) primary objectives are highlighted, namely: (1) to study the distribution of nutrients content in the soil; (2) to determine the relationship between the yields of Harumanis mango and nutrient content in soil and leaves; and (3) to identify the significant factors affecting the yields of Harumanis mango. The study area is in the UiTM Perlis branch. Overall, 25 samples have been collected with information on the coordinate position, crop yield and nutrient content; nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The Kriging method interpolated the distribution of nutrient content in the soil. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to study the relationship between yield and nutrient content in soil and leaves to determine which nutrients influenced the yield of Harumanis mango. The result shows only K and Ca in the leaves significantly contribute to the yield of Harumanis mango. The multiple linear regression model for the predicted yield of Harumanis mango is 347.974 – 51.426 (N% in leaves) – 550.225 (K% in leaves) + 86.672 (Ca% in leaves).
Determining Optimal Solar Power Plant Location in Melaka, Malaysia: A GIS-Based Solutions
Authors: Durrany Zulkifly Muhammad Iqbal , Mohd Said Mohd Shahmy
Published: July 2022

The energy demand has risen dramatically in recent years as a result of population growth and the fast expansion of the global economy. Due to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increasing energy needs, Malaysia has recently intensified its efforts to encourage the development of renewable energy supplies. Despite the abundance of solar resources, the PV growth in underdeveloped countries such as Malaysia is moving slower. Malaysia has the advantage in solar energy generation since it is geographically close to the equator and has a significant solar generation potential due to its hot and sunny weather all year. Therefore the question here is, where is the most suitable place to build more solar power plants? What methods will we be using to find the most suitable place to build the solar power plant? In picking a place for such development, several factors must be examined, such as how effective the PV power station site is and how to decrease the overall cost of the project by minimising proximity to existing infrastructures while improving solar panel power production. A geographic information system (GIS) is a tool that can help to solve this challenge. In this case, we integrate economic, environmental, and technical variables such as solar radiation intensity, local physical terrain, environment, climate, and placement criteria such as distance from roads and rivers. As additional input factors, other geographical information data were used (solar radiation, digital elevation models (DEM), land cover, and temperature). Further analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) was then applied to this study to get the suitable location based on the importance of the criteria. In order to build a cost-effective and high-performing solar project, a complete solar site assessment is required. The results of the study should give a decision support system model and map on determining the optimal locations of solar power plants in Melaka.
A Review: Progression of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) Applications in Oil Palm Management and Sustainability
Authors: Aikal Baharim Mohd Sharul , Adnan Nor Aizam , Mohd Fazly Amri , Seman Idris Abu , Izzuddin Mohamad Anuar , Aziz Nordiana Abd
Published: July 2022

In agriculture management and cultivation, many researchers tend to introduce and implement new methods or techniques to improve the sectors in order to sustain a good production from the sectors. The oil palm plantation is one of the sectors that have received an improvement in development in many aspects. Thus, this paper reviews in detail the recent expansion of oil palm management and sustainability through the latest application technologies specifically in Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) knowledge which covered land classification and crop changes, disease detection and pest control, age estimation for oil palm, above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon estimation, tree counting for oil palm assessment and land suitability with soil nutrients. In the end, it concluded the most significant GIS and RS tools for oil palm management come from the implementation of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) knowledge in it which can be improved over time through recent technologies and variation analysis to enhance the results.
Evaluation The Accuracy of Oil Palm Tree Detection Using Deep Learning and Support Vector Machine Classifiers
Authors: Khalid Nafisah , Shahrol Nur Aina
Published: July 2022

Oil palm is one of the important sources of vegetable oil that is mostly consumed by the Malaysian citizen. Because the demand of vegetable oil is high in Malaysia, the expansion of oil palm tree plantation has been increasing rapidly. Remote sensing application in monitoring and detecting oil palm trees has become a very useful tool to help minimize the human energy to monitor in large plantations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of oil palm tree detection using deep learning and support vector machine (SVM) approaches using high-resolution remote sensing images. Deep learning is one of the base frameworks for oil palm tree detection using high-resolution remote sensing images. Deep learning also is a counting tool provided in newest technology software such as ArcGIS Pro, where the tools use the pattern recognition concept as a template in detecting objects in a high-resolution image. In machine learning, support vector machines are supervised learning models with associated machine learning algorithms that analyse data for classification analysis. Based on this study, 91% of the oil palm trees detected using deep learning approach gained higher accuracy than SVM classifier with 86%. The accuracy of oil palm tree detection using deep learning is higher than the accuracy of support vector machine classifier. Based on the findings, deep learning approach create better object interpretation than SVM. The oil palm tree detection using both classification approaches had also been displayed by using a spatial map distribution for easier analysed and observation.
Utilising Landsat-8 OLI in determining Soil pH using single and combination band method for paddy fields area in Malaysia.
Authors: Salim Pauziyah Mohammad , Samsuddin Noramirah , Alias Ummi Atiqah , Abdul Rasid Muhammad Zamir , Kamaruddin Hasliana
Published: July 2022

The pH of a soil is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. The pH of the soil is important in agricultural activities because it has an impact on crop yield. Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and digital soil maps are becoming more appreciated in soil science studies. The research thus focuses on creating a predicted soil pH map of the study area using Landsat-8 satellite imagery and GIS. The single and combination of spectral bands were used to generate three models using simple linear regression. The results suggested that the approach is not sensitive enough for prediction of soil pH in the study area. R2 value obtained are 0.049 from Model 1, 0.016 from Model 3, and 0.0003 for Model 2. All the models indicate that the soil pH is in the acid situation but the full range of observed pH is not matched by any predicted model. In the validation process, Model 1 has an RMSE value of 0.397, whereas both Model 2 and 3 have RMSE value of 0.405. To obtain a more promising pH result, it is suggested to use indices such as vegetable indices (VI), salinity index (SI), and a combination of band ratios.
Fatigue fracture behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel for flexible marine riser in the high cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Zhang Dazheng , Gao Xiuhua , Wang Mingming , Li Weijuan , Guo Jing , Teng Yingxue , Zhang Wanshun
Published: July 2022

The relationship between microstructure, stress ratio, and fatigue fracture behavior of high-strength steel for flexible marine risers was investigated by microstructure characterization and fatigue test. The microstructure characteristic, S-N curve, fatigue fracture morphology, and fatigue crack morphology after quenching and tempering treatment and cyclic heat treatment, respectively, were evaluated. The results revealed that after cyclic heat treatment, the microstructure was refined considerably, the grain boundary density and the content of high-angle grain boundary increased, which inhibited the fatigue crack propagation and improved the fatigue strength. The average stress increased by increasing the stress ratio, which promoted the crack initiation and propagation; consequently, the fatigue strength and fatigue life of the tested steel decreased.
Analysis and improvement of self-heating effect based on GaN HEMT devices
Authors: Zuo Zhipeng , Tang Naiyun , Chen Hui
Published: July 2022

Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) applications in high-power and high-frequency environments can lead to high device temperatures due to the self-heating effect, thus limiting device performance and reliability. In order to address this problem, this paper changes the material and structure of the device. It successfully reduces the maximum temperature of the device to 335 K by using a new structure of the diamond substrate, diamond heat sink layer, and InGaN insertion layer. Simulation results show that the new structure has a 35% reduction in maximum temperature, a 61% increase in current, a 37% improvement in maximum transconductance, and a 35% improvement in current collapse. At the same time, the new structure also improves the electron mobility of the channel.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the distance dependence of fiber-based fluorescence and reflection measurements for laser lithotripsy
Authors: Lange Birgit , Ozimek Tomasz , Wießmeyer Judith Riccarda , Kramer Mario W , Merseburger Axel S , Brinkmann Ralf
Published: July 2022

Objectives. In laser lithotripsy, a green aiming beam overlying the infrared (IR) treatment radiation gives rise to reflection and fluorescence signals that can be measured via the treatment fiber. While stone autofluorescence is used for target detection, the condition of the fiber can be assessed based on its Fresnel reflection. For good applicability, fluorescence detection of stones should work even when the stone and fiber are not in direct contact. Fiber breakage detection, on the other hand, can be falsified if surfaces located in front of the fiber reflect light from the aiming laser back into it. For both applications, therefore, a fundamental investigation of the dependence of the signal amplitude on the distance between fiber and surface is important. Methods. Calculations of the signal drop of fluorescence or diffuse and specular reflection with increasing fiber distance were performed using ray tracing based on a simple geometric model for different fiber core diameters. Reflection signals from a mirror, diffuse reflector, human calculi, and porcine renal tissue placed in water were measured at varying distances (0–5 mm). For human calculi, fluorescence signals were recorded simultaneously. Results. The calculations showed a linear signal decrease down to ∼60% of the maximum signal (fiber in contact). The distance z at which the signal drops to for example 50% depends linearly on the diameter of the fiber core. For fibers used in lithotripsy and positioned in water, z
50% ranges from 0.55 mm (200 μm core diameter) to 2.73 mm, (1 mm core diameter). The calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results. Conclusions. The autofluorescence signals of stones can be measured in non-contact mode. Evaluating the Fresnel signal of the end face of the fiber to detect breakage is possible unless the fiber is situated less than some millimeters to reflecting surfaces.
Electron spin coherence on a solid neon surface
Authors: Chen Qianfan , Martin Ivar , Jiang Liang , Jin Dafei
Published: July 2022

A single electron floating on the surface of a condensed noble-gas liquid or solid can act as a spin qubit with ultralong coherence time, thanks to the extraordinary purity of such systems. Previous studies suggest that the electron spin coherence time on a superfluid helium (He) surface can exceed 100 s. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of the electron spin coherence on a solid neon (Ne) surface, motivated by our recent experimental realization of single-electron charge qubit on solid Ne. The major spin decoherence mechanisms investigated include the fluctuating Ne diamagnetic susceptibility due to thermal phonons, the fluctuating thermal current in normal metal electrodes, and the quasi-statically fluctuating nuclear spins of the 21Ne ensemble. We find that at a typical experimental temperature about 10 mK in a fully superconducting device, the electron spin decoherence is dominated by the third mechanism via electron–nuclear spin–spin interaction. For natural Ne with 2700 ppm abundance of 21Ne, the estimated inhomogeneous dephasing time

T

2

*

is around 0.16 ms, already better than most semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits. For commercially available, isotopically purified Ne with 1 ppm of 21Ne,

T

2

*

can be 0.43 s. Under the application of Hahn echoes, the coherence time T
2 can be improved to 30 ms for natural Ne and 81 s for purified Ne. Therefore, the single-electron spin qubits on solid Ne can serve as promising new spin qubits.