bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing electroweak phase transition with multi-TeV muon colliders and gravitational waves
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Ke-Pan
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study the complementarity of the proposed multi-TeV muon colliders and the near-future gravitational wave (GW) detectors to the first order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT), taking the real scalar extended Standard Model as the representative model. A detailed collider simulation shows the FOEWPT parameter space can be greatly probed via the vector boson fusion production of the singlet, and its subsequent decay to the di-Higgs or di-boson channels. Especially, almost all the parameter space yielding detectable GW signals can be probed by the muon colliders. Therefore, if we could detect stochastic GWs in the future, a muon collider could provide a hopeful crosscheck to identify their origin. On the other hand, there is considerable parameter space that escapes GW detections but is within the reach of the muon colliders. The precision measurements of Higgs couplings could also probe the FOEWPT parameter space efficiently.
Atomki anomaly in gauged U(1)R symmetric model
Authors: Seto Osamu , Shimomura Takashi
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Atomki collaboration has reported that unexpected excesses have been observed in the rare decays of Beryllium nucleus. It is claimed that such excesses can suggest the existence of a new boson, called X, with the mass of about 17 MeV. To solve the Atomki anomaly, we consider a model with gauged U(1)R symmetry and identify the new gauge boson with the X boson. We also introduce two SU(2) doublet Higgs bosons and one singlet Higgs boson, and discuss a very stringent constraint from neutrino-electron scattering. It is found that the U(1)R charges of the doublet scalars are determined to evade the constraint. In the end, we find the parameter region in which the Atomki signal and all experimental constraints can be simultaneously satisfied.
AdS3 gravity and random CFT
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We compute the path integral of three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant on spaces which are topologically a torus times an interval. These are Euclidean wormholes, which smoothly interpolate between two asymptotically Euclidean AdS3regions with torus boundary. From our results we obtain the spectral correlations between BTZ black hole microstates near threshold, as well as extract the spectral form factor at fixed momentum, which has linear growth in time with small fluctuations around it. The low-energy limit of these correlations is precisely that of a double-scaled random matrix ensemble with Virasoro symmetry. Our findings suggest that if pure three-dimensional gravity has a holographic dual, then the dual is an ensemble which generalizes random matrix theory.
Crisis on infinite earths: short-lived de Sitter vacua in the string theory landscape
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Brahma Suddhasattwa , Dasgupta Keshav , Tatar Radu
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We construct purely non-perturbative anti-de Sitter vacua in string theory which, on uplifting to a de Sitter (dS) one, have a decay time many orders of magnitude smaller than those of standard constructions, such as the KKLT and LVS scenarios. By virtue of being constructed purely from non-perturbative terms, these vacua avoids certain obstructions plaguing other constructions of dS in string theory. This results in a new class of phenomenological dS vacua in string theory with novel distinctive characteristics such as having two maxima. After examining whether these uplifted dS vacua obey the TCC, we revisit some old problems of realization of dS space as a vacuum. We find that not only is it phenomenologically hard to construct TCC-compatible vacua, but also inherent temporal dependences of the degrees of freedom generically arise in such constructions, amongst other issues. This reinforces the idea that dS, if it exists in string theory, should be a Glauber-Sudarshan state and not a vacuum.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (0, 2) AdS3 solutions of type IIB and F-theory with generic fluxes
Authors: Couzens Christopher
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We consider the most general AdS3 solutions of type IIB supergravity admitting a dynamical SU(3) structure and preserving $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry. The analysis is broken into three distinct classes depending on whether the dynamical SU(3) structure degenerates to a strict SU(3) structure. The first class we consider allows for a holomorphically varying axio-dilaton consistent with the presence of (p, q) 7-branes in addition to D3-branes and (p, q) 5-branes. In the remaining two classes the axio-dilaton may vary but does not do so holomorphically. The second class of solution allows for 5-branes and 1-branes but no D3-branes, whilst in the final class all branes can be present. We illustrate our results with examples of such solutions including a new infinite family with all fluxes but the axion turned on.
Precise predictions for photon pair production matched to parton showers in GENEVA
Authors: Alioli Simone , Broggio Alessandro , Gavardi Alessandro , Kallweit Stefan , Lim Matthew A. , Nagar Riccardo , Napoletano Davide , Rottoli Luca
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We present a new calculation for the production of isolated photon pairs at the LHC with $$ {\mathrm{NNLL}}_{{\mathcal{T}}_0}^{\prime } $$

NNLL

T
0

′

+NNLO accuracy. This is the first implementation within the Geneva Monte Carlo framework of a process with a nontrivial Born-level definition which suffers from QED singularities. Throughout the computation we use a smooth-cone isolation algorithm to remove such divergences. The higher-order resummation of the 0-jettiness resolution variable $$ {\mathcal{T}}_0 $$

T
0

is based on a factorisation formula derived within Soft-Collinear Effective Theory which predicts all of the singular, virtual and real NNLO corrections. Starting from this precise parton-level prediction and by employing the Geneva method, we provide fully showered and hadronised events using Pythia8, while retaining the NNLO QCD accuracy for observables which are inclusive over the additional radiation. We compare our final predictions to LHC data at 7 TeV and find good agreement.
PERIODIC AUTOMORPHISMS, COMPATIBLE POISSON BRACKETS, AND GAUDIN SUBALGEBRAS
Authors: PANYUSHEV DMITRI I. , YAKIMOVA OKSANA S.
Published: April 2021

Let 𝔮 be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra. The symmetric algebra (𝔮) is equipped with the standard Lie–Poisson bracket. In this paper, we elaborate on a surprising observation that one naturally associates the second compatible Poisson bracket on (𝔮) to any finite order automorphism ϑ of 𝔮. We study related Poisson-commutative subalgebras (𝔮; ϑ) of 𝒮(𝔮) and associated Lie algebra contractions of 𝔮. To obtain substantial results, we have to assume that 𝔮 = 𝔤 is semisimple. Then we can use Vinberg’s theory of ϑ-groups and the machinery of Invariant Theory.

If 𝔤 = 𝔥⊕⋯⊕𝔥 (sum of k copies), where 𝔥 is simple, and ϑ is the cyclic permutation, then we prove that the corresponding Poisson-commutative subalgebra (𝔮; ϑ) is polynomial and maximal. Furthermore, we quantise this (𝔤; ϑ) using a Gaudin subalgebra in the enveloping algebra 𝒰(𝔤).
Molekulare Laryngologie
Authors: Gugatschka M. , Grossmann T. , Hortobagyi D.
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund

Trotz erheblicher Fortschritte in der laryngologischen Forschung gibt es eine Reihe von (benignen) Stimmlippenerkrankungen, die kausal nicht therapierbar sind. Das liegt an der eingeschränkten Zugänglichkeit sowie der sensiblen Mikroarchitektur der Stimmlippen, die nicht auf zellulärer Ebene erforscht werden können. Das pathophysiologische Verständnis endet dadurch häufig in der makroskopischen Ebene, die Folgen von Interventionen werden großteils endoskopisch oder mit indirekten Methoden evaluiert.

Fragestellung

Im nachfolgenden Beitrag stellen die Autor(inn)en biotechnologische State-of-the-Art-Methoden vor, die in der laryngologischen Forschung Anwendung finden, verbunden mit praktischen Beispielen.

Ergebnisse

Tierversuche und Zellkulturexperimente haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer signifikanten Wissenserweiterung beigetragen, dies insbesondere in den Bereichen Stimmlippeninflammation und -narbenbildung. Dem Stimmlippenfibroblasten, als wichtigstem zellulärem Bestandteil der Lamina propria, kommt dabei eine zentrale Rolle zu.

Schlussfolgerungen

Mittlerweile besteht bei einigen Krankheitsbildern ein tieferes Verständnis von Makroanatomie und Makropathophysiologie als je zuvor. In-vitro-Versuche zeigten beispielsweise, dass Stimmlippenfibroblasten in einem inflammatorischen Setting weniger profibrotische und proinflammatorische Zytokine sezernierten, wenn sie Vibrationen ausgesetzt sind. Umgesetzt auf die Klinik könnte das bedeuten, dass eine frühe Stimmaktivierung nach operativen Eingriffen an den Stimmlippen zu besserer Heilung und besseren stimmlichen Ergebnissen führt. Unsere Vision lautet, dass die molekulare Laryngologie ein gesichertes Fundament an Wissen bereitstellen soll, auf das in weiterer Folge klinische Studien aufgebaut werden können.
Interdisziplinäre Chirurgie der zentralen Schädelbasis – aktueller Stand
Authors: Schipper J. , Albrecht A. , Klenzner T. , Wagenmann M. , Schaumann K. , Hänggi D. , Cornelius J. F.
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund

Die Schädelbasis stellt eine chirurgisch hochkomplexe Einheit dar und ist häufig nur über kombinierte Zugangswege erreichbar. Neu entwickelte Operationstechniken mit Verwendung von mikrochirurgischen Visualisierungsverfahren und aktiven Instrumenten („powered instruments“) sowie „Multi-Port-Zugänge“ ermöglichen neue, weniger traumatische Operationskorridore. Hierfür ist eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Chirurgen aus dem Fachgebiet der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde sowie dem Neurochirurgen notwendig. Die aktuell etablierten Zugangsverfahren zur zentralen Schädelbasis werden aufgrund eigener klinischer Erfahrungen und unter Berücksichtigung der Entität systematisiert und in Bezug auf die aktuelle Studienlage erörtert.

Material und Methode

Es erfolgte eine retrospektive, qualitative und deskriptive Auswertung der Operationsberichte einzelner Patienten, die in der Zeit zwischen 2006 und 2019 mit Pathologien an der zentralen Schädelbasis chirurgisch gemeinsam von der Neurochirurgie und der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde/Kopf- und Halschirurgie behandelt wurden.

Ergebnisse

Die chirurgischen Zugangswege zur zentralen Schädelbasis ließen sich nachfolgend kategorisieren, teilweise auch in Kombination derselben, als sog. Multi-Port-Zugänge: transnasal-transsphenoidal, subfrontal, subtemporal, transzygomatisch, transpterygonal, transpetrös, translabyrinthär und subokzipital. Maßgebend für die Wahl des Zugangswegs waren die Lokalisation und Art der Pathologie, sowie der mögliche Anspruch auf Funktionserhalt und Komplettentfernung.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der Komplexität der Strukturen der zentralen Schädelbasis, der unterschiedlichsten Tumorentitäten und der benötigten Fachkompetenz unterschiedlicher Facharztdisziplinen bleibt die Chirurgie der zentralen Schädelbasis eine Herausforderung, der man sich nur an speziellen, nach den Kriterien der Gesellschaft für Schädelbasischirurgie e. V. zertifizierten Kompetenzzentren stellen sollte.
Critical speed estimated by statistically appropriate fitting procedures
Authors: Patoz Aurélien , Spicher Romain , Pedrani Nicola , Malatesta Davide , Borrani Fabio
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Intensity domains are recommended when prescribing exercise. The distinction between heavy and severe domains is made by the critical speed (CS), therefore requiring a mathematically accurate estimation of CS. The different model variants (distance versus time, running speed versus time, time versus running speed, and distance versus running speed) are mathematically equivalent. Nevertheless, error minimization along the correct axis is important to estimate CS and the distance that can be run above CS (d′). We hypothesized that comparing statistically appropriate fitting procedures, which minimize the error along the axis corresponding to the properly identified dependent variable, should provide similar estimations of CS and d′ but that different estimations should be obtained when comparing statistically appropriate and inappropriate fitting procedure.

Methods

Sixteen male runners performed a maximal incremental aerobic test and four exhaustive runs at 90, 100, 110, and 120% of their peak speed on a treadmill. Several fitting procedures (a combination of a two-parameter model variant and regression analysis: weighted least square) were used to estimate CS and d′.

Results

Systematic biases (P < 0.001) were observed between each pair of fitting procedures for CS and d′, even when comparing two statistically appropriate fitting procedures, though negligible, thus corroborating the hypothesis.

Conclusion

The differences suggest that a statistically appropriate fitting procedure should be chosen beforehand by the researcher. This is also important for coaches that need to prescribe training sessions to their athletes based on exercise intensity, and their choice should be maintained over the running seasons.
Individual cardiovascular responsiveness to work-matched exercise within the moderate- and severe-intensity domains
Authors: Maturana Felipe Mattioni , Schellhorn Philipp , Erz Gunnar , Burgstahler Christof , Widmann Manuel , Munz Barbara , Soares Rogerio N. , Murias Juan M. , Thiel Ansgar , Nieß Andreas M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

We investigated the cardiovascular individual response to 6 weeks (3×/week) of work-matched within the severe-intensity domain (high-intensity interval training, HIIT) or moderate-intensity domain (moderate-intensity continuous training, MICT). In addition, we analyzed the cardiovascular factors at baseline underlying the response variability.

Methods

42 healthy sedentary participants were randomly assigned to HIIT or MICT. We applied the region of practical equivalence-method for identifying the levels of responders to the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) response. For investigating the influence of cardiovascular markers, we trained a Bayesian machine learning model on cardiovascular markers.

Results

Despite that HIIT and MICT induced significant increases in V̇O2max, HIIT had greater improvements than MICT (p < 0.001). Greater variability was observed in MICT, with approximately 50% classified as “non-responder” and “undecided”. 20 “responders”, one “undecided” and no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The variability in the ∆V̇O2maxwas associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness, arterial stiffness, and left-ventricular (LV) mass and LV end-diastolic diameter in HIIT; whereas, microvascular responsiveness and right-ventricular (RV) excursion velocity showed a significant association in MICT.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the critical influence of exercise-intensity domains and biological variability on the individual V̇O2maxresponse. The incidence of “non-responders” in MICT was one third of the group; whereas, no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The incidence of “responders” was 11 out of 21 participants in MICT, and 20 out of 21 participants in HIIT. The response in HIIT showed associations with baseline fitness, arterial stiffness, and LV-morphology; whereas, it was associated with RV systolic function in MICT.
Robust Policy in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Van den End Jan Willem , Ben-Haim Yakov
Published: April 2021

The pandemic exposes policymakers to fundamental uncertainties about future economic scenarios. While policymakers have to act forcefully to mitigate the impact on the economy, these conditions call for policy strategies that are also robust to uncertainty. This article compares two concepts of robust strategies: robust control and robust satisficing. It argues that a robust satisficing strategy is preferred and shows that the crisis responses of governments and central banks in Europe share features of robust satisficing in several dimensions.
Future themes of mathematics education research: an international survey before and during the pandemic
Authors: Bakker Arthur , Cai Jinfa , Zenger Linda
Published: April 2021

Before the pandemic (2019), we asked:On what themes should research in mathematics education focus in the coming decade?The 229 responses from 44 countries led to eight themes plus considerations about mathematics education research itself. The themes can be summarized as teaching approaches, goals, relations to practices outside mathematics education, teacher professional development, technology, affect, equity, and assessment. During the pandemic (November 2020), we asked respondents:Has the pandemic changed your view on the themes of mathematics education research for the coming decade? If so, how?Many of the 108 respondents saw the importance of their original themes reinforced (45), specified their initial responses (43), and/or added themes (35) (these categories were not mutually exclusive). Overall, they seemed to agree that the pandemic functions as a magnifying glass on issues that were already known, and several respondents pointed to the need to think ahead on how to organize education when it does not need to be online anymore. We end with a list of research challenges that are informed by the themes and respondents’ reflections on mathematics education research.
Muster der Landesgesetzgebung. Eine Analyse aller Landesgesetze zwischen 1990–2020
Authors: Stecker Christian , Kachel Jannis , Paasch Jana
Published: April 2021

Die vorliegende Research Note stellt die erste systematische Dokumentation der Gesetzgebung in den deutschen Landtagen vor. Der Datensatz umfasst insgesamt 16.610 dokumentierte Gesetzgebungsvorgänge zwischen den Jahren 1990 und 2020. Nach einer Beschreibung des Datensatzes werden einige Gesetzgebungsmuster in den deutschen Ländern exemplarisch dargestellt. Die Landesgesetzgebung erweist sich dabei als stark durch den neuen Dualismus zwischen Regierung und Opposition geprägt. Im Initiativverhalten lassen sich zudem die Anreize des thematischen Parteienwettbewerbs ablesen. Wenig Evidenz findet sich für die These, dass innerkoalitionäre Gegensätze die Dauer der Gesetzgebungsverfahren in die Länge ziehen. Der mit dieser Research Note veröffentlichte Datensatz steht der Forschung für die Untersuchung zahlreicher weiterer Fragestellungen zur Verfügung.
Sliding Wear of Conventional and Suspension Sprayed Nanocomposite WC-Co Coatings: An Invited Review
Authors: Ahmed R. , Ali O. , Berndt C. C. , Fardan A.
Published: April 2021

The global thermal spray coatings market was valued at USD 10.1 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 3.9% from 2020 to 2027. Carbide coatings form an essential segment of this market and provide cost-effective and environmental friendly tribological solutions for applications in aerospace, industrial gas turbine, automotive, printing, oil and gas, steel, and pulp and paper industries. Almost 23% of the world’s total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts. Thermal spray WC-Co coatings provide excellent wear resistance for industrial applications in sliding and rolling contacts. Some of these applications in abrasive, sliding and erosive conditions include sink rolls in zinc pots, conveyor screws, pump housings, impeller shafts, aircraft flap tracks, cam followers and expansion joints. These coatings are considered as a replacement of the hazardous chrome plating for tribological applications. The microstructure of thermal spray coatings is however complex, and the wear mechanisms and wear rates vary significantly when compared to cemented WC-Co carbides or vapour deposition WC coatings. This paper provides an expert review of the tribological considerations that dictate the sliding wear performance of thermal spray WC-Co coatings. Structure–property relationships and failure modes are discussed to grasp the design aspects of WC-Co coatings for tribological applications. Recent developments of suspension sprayed nanocomposite coatings are compared with conventional coatings in terms of performance and failure mechanisms. The dependency of coating microstructure, binder material, carbide size, fracture toughness, post-treatment and hardness on sliding wear performance and test methodology is discussed. Semiempirical mathematical models of wear rate related to the influence of tribological test conditions and coating characteristics are analysed for sliding contacts. Finally, advances for numerical modelling of sliding wear rate are discussed.
Business Process Simulation on Procedural Graphical Process Models
Authors: Rosenthal Kristina , Ternes Benjamin , Strecker Stefan
Published: April 2021

Business process simulation marks an essential technique for analyzing business processes and for reasoning about process improvement. With first contributions dating back to the mid-1990s, computerized business process simulation has been a continuing research focus and is widely acknowledged as foundational to Business Process Management research and practice. Reviewing contributions to the field published between 1990 and 2018, the authors assess the state of research on business process simulation and develop an organizing overview of research contributions discussing simulation approaches, tool support, results visualization, use context, application purposes, and adoption barriers. Findings inform future research on business process simulation by discussing paths for behavioral research on the use of business process simulation, user requirements, and adoption barriers as well as complementary paths for design science research addressing limitations of present approaches and simulation tool support.
Is the biological adaptiveness of delusions doomed?
Authors: Lancellotta Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Delusions are usually considered as harmful and dysfunctional beliefs, one of the primary symptoms of a psychiatric illness and the mark of madness in popular culture. However, in recent times a much more positive role has been advocated for delusions. More specifically, it has been argued that delusions might be an (imperfect) answer to a problem rather than problems in themselves. By delivering psychological and epistemic benefits, delusions would allow people who face severe biological or psychological difficulties to survive in their environment - although this has obvious epistemic costs, as the delusion is fixed and irresponsive to compelling counterevidence. In other words, it has been argued that delusions are biologically adaptive. The adaptiveness of delusions has been compared by Ryan McKay and Daniel Dennett to a shear pin, a mechanism installed in the drive engine of some machines which is designed to shear whenever the machine is about to break down. By breaking, shear pins prevent the machine from collapsing and allow it to keep functioning, although in an impaired manner. Similarly, when delusions form, they would allow a cognitive or psychological system which is about to collapse to continue its functioning, although in an impaired manner. However, this optimistic picture of delusions risks being undermined by both theoretical and empirical considerations. Using Sarah Fineberg and Philip Corlett’s recent predictive coding account as a paradigmatic model of the biological adaptiveness of delusions, I develop two objections to it: (1) principles of parsimony and simplicity suggest that maladaptive models of delusions have an upper hand over adaptive models; and (2) the available empirical evidence suggests that at least some delusions stand good chances of being psychologically adaptive, but it is unlikely that they also qualify as biologically adaptive.
Experimental evaluation of the effect of soil water fluctuations in the dynamic behavior of machines
Authors: Miranda Cremaschi Marcelo , Escribano Leiva Daniella , Saavedra González Pedro , Molina Vicuña Cristián
Published: April 2021

In this study the dynamic response of a machine-foundation-soil system was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The objective of this work is to analyze the effects of the water table fluctuations in the soil on the response of the foundation and machine subjected to dynamic loads at frequencies ranging from 30 to 50 Hz. A physical model test was developed to simulate a machine-foundation-soil system, with measurements of the machine vibrations and the shear wave velocity of the soil. It is found that the water level produced significant changes in the shear wave velocity of the soil and, thus, in the natural frequencies of the system. For a fully saturated soil the vibration levels increased due to a working condition near resonance. The results showed a good agreement between the experimental vibration measurements and the predictions based on the theory used in foundation design, when considering the appropriate soil parameters. It is concluded that proper estimation of soil parameters is of high importance in the design process of machine foundations.
A time series assessment of terrestrial water storage and its relationship with hydro-meteorological factors in Gilgit-Baltistan region using GRACE observation and GLDAS-Noah model
Authors: Hussain Dostdar , Khan Aftab Ahmed , Hassan Syed Najam Ul , Naqvi Syed Ali Asad , Jamil Akhtar
Published: April 2021

Mountains regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Pakistan are solely dependent on seasonal snow and glacier melt. In Indus basin which forms in GB, there is a need to manage water in a sustainable way for the livelihood and economic activities of the downstream population. It is important to monitor water resources that include glaciers, snow-covered area, lakes, etc., besides traditional hydrological (point-based measurements by using the gauging station) and remote sensing-based studies (traditional satellite-based observations provide terrestrial water storage (TWS) change within few centimeters from the earth’s surface); the TWS anomalies (TWSA) for the GB region are not investigated. In this study, the TWSA in GB region is considered for the period of 13 years (from January 2003 to December 2016). Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 2 monthly data from three processing centers, namely Centre for Space Research (CSR), German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), System Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-driven Noah model, and in situ precipitation data from weather stations, were used for the study investigation. GRACE can help to forecast the possible trends of increasing or decreasing TWS with high accuracy as compared to the past studies, which do not use satellite gravity data. Our results indicate that TWS shows a decreasing trend estimated by GRACE (CSR, GFZ, and JPL) and GLDAS-Noah model, but the trend is not significant statistically. The annual amplitude of GLDAS-Noah is greater than GRACE signal. Mean monthly analysis of TWSA indicates that TWS reaches its maximum in April, while it reaches its minimum in October. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation is determined between GRACE estimated TWS with precipitation, soil moisture (SM) and snow water equivalent (SWE). We also assess the factors, SM and SWE which are the most efficient parameters producing GRACE TWS signal in the study area. In future, our results with the support of more in situ data can be helpful for conservation of natural resources and to manage flood hazards, droughts, and water distribution for the mountain regions.
Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) and Archaeology: Old Tool, New Model
Authors: Campanaro Danilo Marco
Published: April 2021

The last decades have seen a renewed interest in the study of argumentation in archaeology, particularly in response to the overproduction of weak and unreliable interpretations and explanations. Concurrently, recent appeals for scientific transparency and efficiency in the management of archaeological information in digital form have stressed the necessity of explicitly showing the processes followed. A growing body of literature has identified inference to the best explanation (IBE) as the most adequate way of interpreting archaeological data, although it has quietly existed for over a century. Despite this, the investigation of IBE-based models for recording archaeological reasoning remains a largely under-researched topic. The author concludes with a novel IBE-based model for recording archaeological argumentation.
Sandra Schneiders, Critical Exegesis, and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture
Authors: McMahon Christopher
Published: April 2021

Current trajectories in biblical interpretation have increasingly shelved or even attacked historical-critical methodologies, replacing these methodologies with doctrinally grounded (meta)narratives as the primary framework for the interpretation of Scripture. This trajectory is particularly apparent among proponents of the “theological interpretation of scripture” (TIS). These interpretive trajectories tend to be self-referential inasmuch as their primary aim is to buttress the doctrinally grounded narrative framework itself rather than providing any critical function that could move readers beyond ecclesially established horizons. Sandra Schneiders, however, stands out in the field of theology as a potent exemplar of nonreductive critical biblical exegesis, and her performance as an exegete has long anticipated the concerns of TIS. Schneiders' approach marks an important path forward for interpreters of Scripture, one that is critically informed, hermeneutically sound, and both theologically and spiritually fruitful. Schneiders’ own account of the Johannine resurrection narrative may prove helpful and even exemplary for contemporary exegetes and systematic theologians alike.
Hand hygiene and the sequence of patient care
Authors: Chang Nai-Chung , Jones Michael , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Schweizer Marin L. , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Chorazy Margaret , Huskins W. Charles , Herwaldt Loreen
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To determine whether the order in which healthcare workers perform patient care tasks affects hand hygiene compliance.

Design:

For this retrospective analysis of data collected during the Strategies to Reduce Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units (STAR*ICU) study, we linked consecutive tasks healthcare workers performed into care sequences and identified task transitions: 2 consecutive task sequences and the intervening hand hygiene opportunity. We compared hand hygiene compliance rates and used multiple logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds for healthcare workers (HCWs) transitioning in a direction that increased or decreased the risk to patients if healthcare workers did not perform hand hygiene before the task and for HCWs contaminating their hands.

Setting:

The study was conducted in 17 adult surgical, medical, and medical-surgical intensive care units.

Participants:

HCWs in the STAR*ICU study units.

Results:

HCWs moved from cleaner to dirtier tasks during 5,303 transitions (34.7%) and from dirtier to cleaner tasks during 10,000 transitions (65.4%). Physicians (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50; P < .0001) and other HCWs (OR, 2.15; P < .0001) were more likely than nurses to move from dirtier to cleaner tasks. Glove use was associated with moving from dirtier to cleaner tasks (OR, 1.22; P < .0001). Hand hygiene compliance was lower when HCWs transitioned from dirtier to cleaner tasks than when they transitioned in the opposite direction (adjusted OR, 0.93; P < .0001).

Conclusions:

HCWs did not organize patient care tasks in a manner that decreased risk to patients, and they were less likely to perform hand hygiene when transitioning from dirtier to cleaner tasks than the reverse. These practices could increase the risk of transmission or infection.
Sexuality politics on the football field: queering the field in Turkey
Authors: Aktan Deniz Nihan
Published: April 2021

Focusing on queer-identified amateur football teams, this article investigates the potentials of the mobilities and alliances of gender non-conforming footballing people to disrupt the seemingly effortless structure of the football field. While football is arguably one of the sports with the strongest discriminatory attitudes toward gender non-conforming people, it has also become a site of resistance for queers in Turkey as of 2015. How political opposition groups relate to the football field, which is mostly considered as a male-dominant and heterosexualized space where social norms are reproduced, are classified into three groups in my research: resistance through, against, and for football. I give particular attention to the category “resistance for football” as a distinctive way for gender non-conforming people to inhabit the field. I discuss how the link between sexual and spatial orientations shapes the domain of what a body can do, both in terms of normativity and capacity, and I explore what these teams offer in order to exceed spatial and sexual boundaries. Lastly, I present recent queer interventions in the value system of the game through which I reflect upon the concept of “queer commons” and the processes of bonding, belonging, and border-making in queer communities.
ERASMUS AND JUAN LUIS VIVES ON RHETORICALDECORUMAND POLITICS
Authors: HAVU KAARLO
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the emergence ofdecorum(appropriateness) as a central concept of rhetorical theory in the early sixteenth-century writings of Erasmus and Juan Luis Vives. In rhetorical theory,decorumshifted the emphasis from formulaic rules to their creative application in concrete cases. In doing so, it emphasized a close analysis of the rhetorical situation (above all the preferences of the audience) and underscored the persuasive possibilities of civil conversation as opposed to passionate, adversarial rhetoric. The article argues that the stress put ondecorumin early sixteenth-century theory is not just an internal development in the history of rhetoric but linked to far wider questions concerning the role of rhetoric in religious and secular lives.Decorumappears as a solution both to the divisiveness of language in the context of the Reformation and dynastic warfare of the early sixteenth century and as an adaptation of the republican tradition of political rhetoric to a changed, monarchical context. Erasmus and Vives maintained thatdecorumnot only suppressed destructive passions and discord, but that it was only through polite and civil rhetoric (or conversation) that a truly effective persuasion was possible in a vast array of contexts.
Britain and the Paraguayan Dictatorship, c. 1820–1840
Authors: Middleton Alex
Published: April 2021

Post-revolutionary Spanish America barely features in existing scholarship on nineteenth-century British political and social thought. But the region was widely discussed, and raised distinctive issues about republican government, the effects of colonial rule, and the operation of absolute power. This article examines how the British debated the autarchic dictatorship erected in newly independent Paraguay. Their attempts to make sense of this spectacular experiment in government, and its architect Dr Francia, helped to crystallize public attitudes towards the condition of Spanish America in the 1820s and 1830s. Francia's broader significance, however, was as a token in wider debates about the proper limits of republican and constitutional principles, and about the merits of arbitrary directive rule in less developed polities. For his admirers, he cast light on how other comparable regimes had gone wrong.
Japan Black: Japanning, Minstrelsy, and “Japanese Tommy's” Yellowface Precursor
Authors: Rodman Tara
Published: April 2021

On the Fourth of July, 1860, theNew York Timesintroduced readers to a new persona treading the minstrel boards:

Matinéesare the order of the day, two at both the Bowerys, at George Christy's, at Bryant's, and at the Palace Gardens. Here “versatile performers” and “talenteddanseuses” will diversify the hours of patriotic emotion with comic pantomime and grand “Japanese ballets,” led by “Little Tommy.” Japan has dropped a little into the sere and yellow leaf, perhaps, for the natives, but for the “strangers from the provinces” the land of blacking may still have charms, and we desire that “all such” may understand that the Japan of their dreams will be on exhibition to-night at Miss Laura Keene's Theatre.
The Natural Stage: Fanny Kemble's Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839
Authors: Hopkins Chandra Owenby
Published: April 2021

Noted British actress Fanny Kemble lived eighty-four years on and off the theatrical and political stages of the nineteenth century. Kemble was an active writer who authored her first five-act play, Francis the First, at the age of eighteen. She would go on to write at least ten other published works, including a second full-length play, multiple journals recording her personal observations, notes on Shakespeare, and poetry collections. While Kemble remained devoted to writing as personal practice throughout her life, her most well-known piece of writing is her 1863 Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839. Kemble's journal documents her outrage and disgust at the living conditions, harsh daily existence, and enslaved individuals she encountered while living on the two Sea Island plantations that her husband, Pierce Butler, inherited off the coast of Georgia.
Crystal structure of 3-[(3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-NNO-azoxy]-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole
Authors: Dmitrienko A. O. , Konnov A. A. , Klenov M. S.
Published: April 2021

The crystal structure of a novel high-energy density material 3-[(3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-NNO-azoxy]-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole C5HN9O8 was determined and refined using laboratory powder diffraction data. The diffraction data and database analysis were insufficient to distinguish two candidate structures from the solution step. Density functional theory with periodic boundary conditions optimizations were used to choose the correct one. 3-[(3,4-Dinitro1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-NNO-azoxy]-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole crystallizes in space group Pbca with a = 8.3104(2) Å, b = 14.2198(5) Å, c = 19.4264(7) Å, V = 2295.66(14) Å3. The molecular conformation contains a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond C–H⋯O–N, and the structure is dominated by weak O⋯π and O⋯O contacts.
Evolution of the Cook Ice Cap (Kerguelen Islands) between the last centuries and 2100 ce based on cosmogenic dating and glacio-climatic modelling
Authors: Verfaillie Deborah , Charton Joanna , Schimmelpfennig Irene , Stroebele Zoe , Jomelli Vincent , Bétard François , Favier Vincent , Cavero Julien , Berthier Etienne , Goosse Hugues , Rinterknecht Vincent , Legentil Claude , Charrassin Raphaelle , Aumaître Georges , Bourlès Didier L. , Keddadouche Karim
Published: April 2021

The Cook Ice Cap (CIC) on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands recently experienced extremely negative surface mass balance. Further deglaciation could have important impacts on endemic and invasive fauna and flora. To put this exceptional glacier evolution into a multi-centennial-scale context, we refined the evolution of the CIC over the last millennium, investigated the associated climate conditions and explored its potential evolution by 2100 ce. A glaciological model, constrained by cosmic ray exposure dating of moraines, historical documents and recent direct mass balance observations, was used to simulate the ice-cap extents during different phases of advance and retreat between the last millennium and 2100 ce. Cosmogenic dating suggests glacial advance around the early Little Ice Age (LIA), consistent with findings from other sub-Antarctic studies, and the rather cold and humid conditions brought about by the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This study contributes to our currently limited understanding of palaeoclimate for the early LIA in the southern Indian Ocean. Glaciological modelling and observations confirm the recent decrease in CIC extent linked to the intensification of the SAM. Although affected by large uncertainties, future simulations suggest a complete disappearance of CIC by the end of the century.
Spectroscopic detection of microbial colonization in Antarctic sandstone
Authors: McKay Christopher P. , Swayze Gregg A. , Clark Roger N. , Kokaly Raymond F.
Published: April 2021

We report infrared reflectance and ultraviolet fluorescence spectra of the surfaces and cleaved side of Beacon Sandstone from Antarctica that harbours a cryptoendolithic microbial community - a photosynthesis-based consortium of algae, lichen and bacteria present a few millimetres below the surface. Chlorophyll absorptions were present in the reflectance spectra of the exposed interior but not on the top or bottom surfaces and their band depths changed < 4% between measurements taken 19 years apart, indicating the stability of the microorganisms when the sample is kept dry. The presence of subsurface organic layers was detected in reflectance at 3.41 μm on the sample's surface. Fluorescence spectra of the cleaved side showed the blue fluorescence peaks expected from chlorophyll but no 0.65–0.80 μm peaks seen in fluorescence measurements of green vegetation. A weak fluorescence signal was detectable at the surface of the sample, presumably due to some light leaking into the subsurface through pores or cracks in the goethite coating the sample's surface. Theoretically, this weak fluorescence signal could possibly be observed in rock surfaces broken by erosion or meteor impacts on Mars. Sandstone outcrops have been reported on Mars and detection of organic layers in sandstones there would be of interest.
Mobilizing the Religious Left: Linking the Movement to Individual Political Activity
Authors: Conger Kimberly H.
Published: April 2021

The contemporary Religious Left (RL) in the United States has proven to be somewhat of an enigma, both for academics and for the activists and voters who desire such a movement to thrive. In this paper, I look at one piece of the puzzle: is the RL able to mobilize supporters to political activity? Combining data from both the individual and movement level, this paper tests whether activity at the movement level of the RL can translate into individual supporters' political activity. Using existing data for 2008 and newly collected data on the RL in the 2016 election cycle, I find that the movement was successful in mobilizing constituents in 2008, but not in 2016. This can be linked to the Democrats' effort to engage religious voters in 2008, and its inability to do so in 2016.
Northeast Siberian Permafrost Ice‐Wedge Stable Isotopes Depict Pronounced Last Glacial Maximum Winter Cooling
Authors: Wetterich S. , Meyer H. , Fritz M. , Mollenhauer G. , Rethemeyer J. , Kizyakov A. , Schirrmeister L. , Opel T.
Published: April 2021

Stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of wedge ice hold potential to reconstruct past winter climate conditions. Here, we present records of the marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 including the last Glacial maximum (LGM) from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (NE Siberia). MIS 3 wedge ice dated from 52 to 40 Kyr b2k varies between −32 and −29‰ in δ18O. Colder LGM conditions are implied by δ18O of −37‰ around 25 Kyr b2k. Similar Deuterium excess values indicate comparable moisture sources during MIS 3 and MIS 2. Regional LGM climate reconstructions depend on the seasonal resolution of the proxies and model simulations. Our wedge‐ice record reflects coldest winters during global minima in atmospheric CO2 and sea level. The extreme LGM winter cooling is not represented in model projections of global LGM climate where West Beringia shows noticeably little cooling or even warming in mean annual temperatures compared to the late Holocene.
1001 Rocket Launches for Space Missions and Their Infrasonic Signature
Authors: Pilger Christoph , Hupe Patrick , Gaebler Peter , Ceranna Lars
Published: April 2021

Infrasound array processing is applied to monitor and characterize atmospheric explosions in the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty. Anyhow, for many infrasound sources the exact location and time are initially unknown and sometimes difficult to precisely estimate afterward. In contrast, rocket launches are well‐defined ground‐truth events generating strong infrasonic signatures. During the last decade, the number of rocket launches for sending satellites into Earth’s orbit and for reaching space strongly increased. We collected ground‐truth information for 1001 rocket launches from 27 global spaceports between 2009 and mid‐2020 and were able to identify infrasound signatures from up to 73% of the launches on the International Monitoring System of infrasound stations. We use these unique data to estimate the global detectability of such events, to characterize rocket infrasound, to derive an amplitude‐energy relation, and to provide the results for further use as a ground‐truth reference in geophysical and atmospheric research.
Modulation of Shelf Circulations Under Multiple River Discharges in the East China Sea
Authors: Wu Ruiming , Wu Hui , Wang Yihe
Published: April 2021

East Asian Marginal Seas are a continuum receiving multiple large rivers including the Changjiang, the Yellow, and the Pearl Rivers. Fates of these river discharges are strongly influenced by the energetic shelf circulation system. Meanwhile, the massive freshwater discharge from these rivers also modulate the density structure and dynamic height of receiving seas, which could affect the shelf circulation as well. In this study, we developed a numerical model covering the East Asian Marginal Seas based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System to assess the influence of river plumes on the circulation over the entire shelf. The East China Sea was selected as a focus due to the massive freshwater influence and the strong and complicated shelf circulation therein. The model results suggested that both local (e.g., the Changjiang River) and remote (e.g., the Pearl River) rivers were important in regulating the shelf circulation. Overall, the riverine freshwater elevated the adjacent sea level and changed the density field, which weakened the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC), strengthened the southward coastal current, and even disturbed the Kuroshio. In the vertical direction, the TWC turned from surface‐intensified to bottom‐intensified under the river plume influences. In the cross‐shelf direction, the cross‐shelf exchange was enhanced and the Kuroshio subsurface water could more easily intrude to the coastal region, due to the enhanced bottom Ekman transport. The fundamental mechanism is the barotropic and baroclinic adjustments under the riverine influences, which could be considered as a shelf‐version of the estuarine circulation.
Zooming In on Small Fires in Africa
Authors: Supriya Lakshmi
Published: April 2021

By analyzing high-resolution satellite images, researchers found that fires burning in Africa were undercounted by as much as 80%.
Single‐Crystal Elasticity of High‐Pressure Ice up to 98 GPa by Brillouin Scattering
Authors: Shi Weigang , Sun Ningyu , Li Xinyang , Mao Zhu , Liu Jin , Prakapenka Vitali B.
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of the elasticity of high‐pressure ice is key to constructing the internal structure of various planetary bodies. Here, we present direct experimental constraints on the single‐crystal elasticity of ice with 0.5 mol/L (0.9 mol.%) NaCl up to 98 GPa at 300 K. The change from ice‐VII to the dynamically disordered ice‐VII is characterized by an obvious softening of the longitudinal and bulk moduli between 42.4 and 54 GPa. Further transition to ice X at ∼64 GPa results in an apparent change in the pressure dependence for the elasticity. Using the obtained elasticity, our modeling reveals that the boundary between the ice‐VII layer and the silicate mantle or core in moderate‐size icy planetary bodies would be associated with a sudden velocity jump. In large planetary bodies, the change from ice X to the silicate layer will be characterized by an abrupt reduction in velocity.