bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening Methods to Discover the FDA-Approved Cancer Drug Encorafenib as Optimally Selective for Metallothionein Gene Loss Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Rees Amy , Villamor Evan , Evans Della , Gooz Monika , Fallon Clare , Mina-Abouda Mirna , Disharoon Andrew , Eblen Scott T. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: All 11 metallothionein protein-coding genes are located on human chromosome 16q13. It is unique among human genetics to have an entire pathway’s genes clustered in a short chromosomal region. Since solid tumors, particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), exhibit high rates of monoallelic aneuploidy, this region is commonly lost. Studies have not yet been performed to determine what vulnerability may be created in cancer cells with low metallothionein expression. Here, a screen of FDA-approved cancer small molecule drugs for those best targeting low metallothionein ovarian cancer was completed. Methods: Screening methods were tested and compared using vehicle-treated negative controls and cadmium chloride, a positive control for cell loss selective for low metallothionein cells. CAOV3 cells, which are unique in their expression of only two metallothionein isoforms, were used, with or without shRNA knockdown of the predominantly expressed MT2A gene. A library of FDA-approved molecules was then screened. Results: The optimal assay utilized Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining and mechanized fluorescent microscope counting of cell content. Encorafenib, an RAF inhibitor, was identified as the most selective for enhanced cytotoxicity in MT2A knockdown cells compared to scrambled controls. Conclusions: The nuclear stain Hoechst 33342, assessed by fluorescence microscopy, provides a low variance, moderate throughput platform for cancer cell loss screens. Low metallothionein ovarian cancer cells exhibit a vulnerability to the RAF inhibitor encorafenib.
Prevalence of IMPG1 and IMPG2 Mutations Leading to Retinitis Pigmentosa or Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy in a Cohort of Patients with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Yuan Ming , Chatterjee Souradip , Leys Monique , Odom J. Vernon , Salido Ezequiel M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycans 1 and 2 (IMPG1 and IMPG2) are two interdependent proteoglycans of the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Mutations in IMPG1 or IMPG2 are linked to retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD), yet the specific mutations responsible for each condition remain undefined. This study identifies mutations in IMPG1 and IMPG2 linked to either RP or VMD. It also provides an in-depth in silico analysis of these mutations’ structural and functional impact on protein domains, alongside a detailed examination of the corresponding disease phenotypes. Methods: From a cohort of 480 patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), we identified seven patients with mutations in IMPG1 or IMPG2. Multimodal imaging was performed to assess the clinical phenotypes, including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We provide structure modeling and analysis of each variant. Results: Our findings indicate a prevalence of 1.45% of IRD patients being affected by IMPG mutations; two were diagnosed with RP and five with VMD. One VMD patient carried a novel IMPG1 p.Asp423Glu mutation. Most patients exhibited heterozygous mutations, and one RP patient presented a compound heterozygous mutation in IMPG2. Conclusions: This work describes a novel mutation and expands our understanding of the specific IMPG protein domains implicated in RP and VMD. Furthermore, it establishes, for the first time, the prevalence of IMPG mutations in an IRD population.
A Developed Computational Code to Build a 3D Fracture Network to Reduce the Uncertainty of Fracture Parameter Generation (A Case Study of the Emamzadeh Hashem Tunnel)
Authors: Etemadifar Mahin , Shoaei Gholamreza , Javadi Morteza , Hashemnejad Arash
Published: January 2025

Rock masses comprise intact rock and discontinuities, such as fractures, which significantly influence their mechanical and hydraulic properties. Uncertainty in constructing the fracture network can notably affect the outcomes of sensitive analyses, including tunnel stability simulations. Thus, accurately determining specific parameters of rock joints, including orientation and trace length, is essential. A discrete fracture network (DFN) is one technique used to simulate jointed rock. However, engineers often face challenges due to the inherent uncertainty in building a fracture network using statistical distribution functions. This study analyzed the fracture network of the Emamzadeh Hashem tunnel using MATLAB-developed code and 3DEC software. It focused on the impact of statistical distribution functions on the uncertainty of fracture network construction. The results reveal that using a negative exponential distribution can introduce significant errors in constructing the fracture network, especially when generating the dip direction. The parametric study shows that employing statistical distribution functions that account for data variance in the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) can enhance the accuracy of generating fracture parameters, such as dip, dip direction, and trace length, thereby reducing uncertainty in fracture network construction.
Seabed Acoustic Mapping Revealing an Uncharted Habitat of Circular Depressions Along the Southeast Brazilian Outer Shelf
Authors: Lavagnino Ana Carolina , Leite Marcos Daniel , Franco Tarcila , Menandro Pedro Smith , Vieira Fernanda Vedoato , Boni Geandré Carlos , Bastos Alex Cardoso
Published: January 2025

Initiatives such as the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and Seabed 2030 promote seabed mapping worldwide. In Brazil, especially on the Espírito Santo Continental Shelf, high-resolution seabed mapping has revealed an unknown complex seascape. Circular depressions (CDs) were mapped for the first time in the Costa das Algas Marine Protection Area. Herein, we aim to present the CD metrics characteristics and discuss their relationship with morphology and relevance as a habitat based on multibeam bathymetry and ground truthing. A total of 3660 depressions were mapped between 46 and 85 m in depth, reaching an area of 460 m2 and 5 m relief. The continental shelf morphology was subdivided into three sectors based on morphology: inter-valleys, valley edges, and valley flanks, and eleven sites were selected for direct sampling/imaging at the CDs along the sectors. The direct sampling was carried out by scuba-diving with video images and sediment samples collected inside and outside the depressions. The deeper central parts of the circular depressions appear to function as a sink, presenting aggregations of rhodoliths or other carbonate fragments. In most inter-valley depressions, mounds were observed along the edges of the depression. We did not have any indication of gas seeps and no clear sedimentological or morphological control on their occurrence. We first hypothesize that their origin results from combined diachronous processes. The circular depressions mapped at high resolution could be related to sea level processes acting during the last glacial period and shelf exposure, i.e., relict features. The CDs are responsible for biomass aggregation and fish bioturbation, forming holes and rubble mounds, representing a modern process occurring on a centimetric scale. The data collected so far indicate that this fine-scale feature is an important habitat for different fish species. The modern maintenance of these structures could be due to low sedimentation regime areas shaped by biotic excavation.
Impact of the Cooperative Health Insurance System in Saudi Arabia on Universal Health Coverage—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmed Ali , Pavlova Milena , Alsubahi Nizar , Ahmad Ala’eddin , Groot Wim
Published: January 2025

Background: This systematic review assesses the role of the Cooperative Health Insurance System (CHIS) in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Saudi Arabia’s evolving healthcare system by consolidating and analyzing findings from diverse studies to provide a comprehensive overview of CHIS’s impact and also identifies contextual challenges and practical insights that can inform similar reforms globally. Methods: We report results following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following six databases were searched for relevant studies: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, APA PsycINFO, and SocIndex. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the impact of CHIS on the UHC dimensions based on the following themes: population covered, affordability, quality, efficiency, access, services covered, and financial coverage. The initial search identified 1316 publications. Results: A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our synthesis indicates that CHIS has significantly improved healthcare access and quality, particularly in the private sector. CHIS was also associated with increased healthcare efficiency through standardized benefit packages and reduced out-of-pocket expenditures. However, these studies noted challenges such as rising insurance premiums, infrastructural deficiencies, and cultural barriers. Conclusions: CHIS is integral to Saudi Arabia’s healthcare reform, substantially contributing to UHC’s objectives. Despite notable advances, continuous efforts are needed to address existing challenges and expand coverage. The findings suggest that enhanced government support and public awareness are crucial for advancing UHC goals in Saudi Arabia.
Acoustic Characteristics of Voice and Speech in Post-COVID-19
Authors: Berti Larissa Cristina , Gauy Marcelo , da Silva Luana Cristina Santos , Rios Julia Vasquez Valenci , Morais Viviam Batista , Almeida Tatiane Cristina de , Sossolete Leisi Silva , Quirino José Henrique de Moura , Martins Carolina Fernanda Pentean , Fernandes-Svartman Flaviane R. , Raposo de Medeiros Beatriz , Queiroz Marcelo , Gazzola Murilo , Finger Marcelo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this paper was to compare voice and speech characteristics between post-COVID-19 and control subjects. The hypothesis was that acoustic parameters of voice and speech may differentiate subjects infected by COVID-19 from control subjects. Additionally, we expected to observe the persistence of symptoms in women. Methods: In total, 134 subjects participated in the study, were selected for convenience and divided into two groups: 70 control subjects and 64 post-COVID-19 subjects, with an average time of 8.7 months after infection. The recordings were made using the SPIRA software (v.1.0.) on cell phones, based on three verbal tasks: sustained production of the vowel/a/, reading a sentence, and producing a rhyme. Acoustic analyses of speech and voice were carried out with the PRAAT software (v.4.3.18), based on the following parameters: total sentence duration, number of pauses, pause duration, f0, f0SD, jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). Results: Regarding the acoustic characteristics of speech, there were no differences between the groups or between the sexes. Regarding the acoustic characteristics of voice, jitter, shimmer, and HNR, significant differences between the groups were found. Differences between sexes were observed in the following frequency-related parameters: f0, f0SD, and jitter. Conclusions: Some acoustic characteristics of the patients’ voice may show a deteriorated condition even after exacerbation of the disease. These characteristics are compatible with some of the symptoms reported by post-COVID-19 subjects, such as the presence of tension and fatigue. These voice acoustic parameters could be used as biomarkers to screen voice disorders in long-COVID, using artificial intelligence (AI), accelerating the search for diagnosis by specialists.
Field Performance of Tissue Culture and Standard Propagated Raspberry Under Different Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Anđelić Tatjana , Tomić Jelena , Rilak Boris , Karaklajić-Stajić Žaklina , Milivojević Jasminka , Radivojević Dragan , Vujović Tatjana
Published: January 2025

Healthy plant material that is uniform and genetically pure is essential for the successful raspberries production since it guarantees quality and consistent yields. A 4-year study (2018–2021) focused on raspberry cultivars “Meeker” and “Willamette”, which were propagated by tissue culture (MpP) and root suckering (RsP) methods in three irrigation regimes (IR1-100% ETc, IR2-50% ETc, and IR3-25% ETc). “Meeker” had longer primocanes, higher productivity, sweetness, soluble solids, and sugar content in IR1. Micropropagated plants demonstrated initially longer primocanes (177.9 cm in 2018 and 203.5 cm in 2019) and slightly better productivity compared to root-suckered plants. Over time, the growth rates of plants obtained by two vegetative propagation methods became similar. The IR1 irrigation regime maximized yields per floricane and meter of trellis in 2019 and 2021 (619.8 and 501.9 g and 2.5 and 2.0 kg, respectively), providing sufficient water for raspberry plants. IR1 improved primocane height in 2018 and 2021 (181.3 and 238.3 cm), fruiting lateral length (31 cm), and number of flowers per fruiting lateral (10.7) in 2021. In all experimental years, “Meeker” showed a high sweetness index (8.53, 11.28, and 9.36) due to high sugar and low acid content, but it was sensitive to water deficit. “Willamette” maintained high total anthocyanins and stable sugar content, which emphasizes its adaptability to different conditions. Both cultivars showed high antioxidant activity with variability across study years. Antioxidant activity peaked in 2019 under all irrigation regimes and remained stable in 2021. The cultivar “Meeker” excelled in vegetative growth, productivity, and fruit taste, making it suitable for obtaining high yields in a 100% ETc irrigation level. In contrast, “Willamette” is better suited for obtaining high-quality fruit under water-limited conditions.
Structural Stability of Cycle Paths—Introducing Cycle Path Deflection Bowl Parameters from FWD Measurements
Authors: Larsson Martin , Niska Anna , Erlingsson Sigurdur
Published: January 2025

A recurrent challenge on cycle paths are edge cracks, which affect the traffic safety and accessibility of cyclists and produce high maintenance costs. Being both structurally thinner and narrower structures than roads, the cycle paths are extra prone to this problem. A few passages of heavy vehicles in unfavourable conditions might be enough to break the edge. The load-bearing capacity of eight municipal cycle paths in Linköping, Sweden, were assessed by falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and light falling weight deflectometer (LWD) measurements during a year-long cycle. A set of alternative Deflection Bowl Parameters (DBPs), better adapted to the structural design of cycle paths, were suggested and evaluated. The results of the FWD measurements showed that these suggested DBPs are a promising approach to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of cycle paths. From the results of the LWD measurements, it was found that the load-bearing capacity varies considerably with lateral position. The conclusion is that it might be more fruitful to measure the load-bearing capacity by LWD close to the edge, rather than the traditional approach of FWD measurements along the centre line of the cycle path.
Physical Methods for the Preparation of Cobalt Nanoparticles for Use in the Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Moreau Nicolas , Fonseca Antonio , Vuono Danilo , Delhalle Joseph , Mekhalif Zineb , De Luca Pierantonio , B.Nagy Janos
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work was to obtain cobalt nanoparticles through a physical method, which could be formed simultaneously during the Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD) synthesis of carbon nanotubes, under conditions suitable for both carbon nanotube synthesis and Co-nanoparticle formation. Co nanoparticles were prepared by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) using a 0.05 m3 magnetron on two different substrates, SiO2/Si and C, followed by a reduction treatment in an H2 atmosphere. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Field Enhanced Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to characterize the Co nanoparticles. On the SiO2/Si substrate, cobalt silicate is formed, which stabilizes the Co nanoparticles, while the nanoparticles obtained on the C-substrate are sometimes surrounded by a layer of Co3O4, which deactivates the cobalt nanoparticles. To obtain suitable Co nanoparticles for carbon nanotube synthesis, the optimal Co-layer thickness is between 20 and 30 Å, and the optimal reduction temperature is 800 °C and 450 °C for SiO2/Si and C substrates, respectively.
The Impact of Systemic Insecticides: Cyantraniliprole and Flupyradifurone on the Mortality of Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Based on the Biophoton-Emission of Oilseed Rape
Authors: Gerbovits Bálint , Jócsák Ildikó , Keszthelyi Sándor
Published: January 2025

The selection of an appropriate and targeted crop protection technology for winter oilseed rape is crucial for the economic production of this crop. Insecticides belonging to the group of diamides and butenolides are available as seed treatments for winter oilseed rape and serve as effective tools for chemical crop protection. The objective of this study was to determine the multi-directional applicability of the active ingredients cyantraniliprole and flupyradifurone. Furthermore, the phenotypic detection of stress was conducted for these systemic insecticides. The results of our study show that these active ingredients acropetal and basipetal translocation are both effective against Athalia rosae (L. 1758) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The findings from our laboratory studies indicated that the insecticidal active ingredients are effective against Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) via both acropetal and basipetal translocation. However, differences in the time of exertion of lethal effect were recorded. In both experimental groups, mortality was observed to reach 100% at the 96-h mark, regardless of the specific experimental conditions or the insecticide employed. An examination of the bio-photon emission of the experimental plants revealed a statistically verifiable correlation between the applied active ingredients and the photon emission intensity per unit plant surface area. The findings of our study indicate that due to their insecticidal activity, systemic insecticides also affect plant life processes by increasing photosynthetic activity per unit leaf area.
Scientific Progress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Little by Little
Authors: Ott Johannes , Hager Marlene
Published: January 2025

New international recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were published in autumn 2023 [...]
Performance of Network Real-Time Kinematic in Hydrographic Surveying
Authors: Elsobeiey Mohamed Elsayed
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the Network Real-time Kinematic (NRTK) technique in hydrographic surveying and check whether it meets the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) minimum bathymetry standards for the safety of navigation hydrographic surveys. To this end, the KAU-Hydrography 2 vessel was used to conduct a hydrographic survey session at Sharm Obhur. NRTK corrections were streamed in real time from the KSA-CORS NTRIP server and GNSS data were collected at the same time at the base station using a Trimble SPS855 GNSS receiver. Multibeam records were collected using a Teledyne RESON SeaBat T50-P multibeam echosounder in addition to Valeport’s sound velocity profiler records and Applanix POSMV data. Applanix POSPac MMS 8.3 software was used to process the GNSS data of the base station along with the POSMV data to obtain the Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) file, which is used as a reference solution. The NRTK solution is then compared with the reference solution. It is shown that the Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) and the Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) of the NRTK solution are 6.38 cm and 3.10 cm, respectively. Statistical analysis of the differences between the seabed surface generated using the NRTK solution and the seabed surface generated using the Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) technique showed an average of −0.19 cm and a standard deviation of 2.4 cm. From these results, we can conclude that the KSA-CORS NRTK solution successfully meets IHO minimum bathymetry standards for the safety of navigation hydrographic surveys at a 95% confidence level for all orders of hydrographic surveys.
Simplified Target Strength Analysis Procedure of an Underwater Vehicle Considering Target Strength Absorbing Materials
Authors: Kim Jangwoo , Kim Jaeman , Lee Joo-Yeob , Cho Dae-Seung , Park Sung-Ju , Song Kyungjun , Shin Yun-ho , Kim Kookhyun
Published: January 2025

Target strength (TS) is an important design factor for improving the survivability of an underwater vehicle, and various efforts are ongoing to enhance it. Among the design techniques to improve TS, absorbing materials attached to the surface of an underwater vehicle can play a key role by reducing the reflected and scattered acoustic waves. In this study, the acoustic performance of target strength absorbing materials (TSAMs) is first analyzed, and then the simplified procedure of TS analysis considering TSAMs is suggested. The 4-microphone method and transfer matrix method evaluating equivalent material properties of TSAMs are derived, and their effectiveness is cross-validated through a series of analyses for a multi-layer acoustic absorbing structure. From the observed results, it is concluded that the transfer matrix method is more suitable for practical TS analysis than the 4-microphone method because of the relatively low calculation and time costs required for the acoustic performance evaluations of TSAMs. In addition, a simplified TS analysis procedure considering the echo reduction (ER) and transmission loss (TL) is proposed based on the combining method of physical optics and geometric optics (PO/GO combined method) and equivalent material properties. Using the suggested procedure, a series of TS analyses are performed using the Benchmark Target Strength Simulation (BeTSSi) to validate its applicability and effectiveness.
Hydrodynamic Response to Current and Wind on a Large Floating Interconnected Structure
Authors: Mohapatra Sarat Chandra , Amouzadrad Pouria , Bispo Iuri Baldaconi da Silva , Guedes Soares C.
Published: January 2025

A numerical hydrodynamic model for a moored interconnected floating large structure under the action of regular waves is presented to analyze the effect of current and wind. The floating structure consists of 20 hinged plates that are linked together and secured with mooring lines along its edges. A brief discussion is provided on the multi-body hydrodynamics equations related to the numerical model definitions in both the frequency and time domains. Conversely, a concise overview of the experiment is given. The numerical model outcomes of vertical displacements and wave quantities are compared against the results obtained from model test data sets and numerical and analytical models in a recent publication. A high degree of accuracy has been noted in reflection and transmission coefficients with a certain value of current velocity. The numerical model simulating interconnected structures of 10 and 16 hinged plates is analyzed, and the resulting vertical displacements under the influence of current are compared to those of a 20-hinged structure. The impact of currents and winds on the hydrodynamic response of the structure is examined by studying various results, using stiffness values for both mooring and hinges. Further, the effect of wavelengths on the wave transmission on every side of the interconnected structure through contour diagrams, hydrodynamic diffraction for different incident angles, and wave quantities on current speed are analyzed. It is observed that as the current speed rises, the structural displacement also escalates; meanwhile, no impact of the wind on the floating interconnected structure is noted. It has been observed that as the wave direction shifts from 0° to 60°, the interconnected floating structure experiences a slight reduction in wave motion throughout the entire system.
Trachemys scripta Eggs as Part of a Potential In Vivo Model for Studying Sea Turtle Egg Fusariosis
Authors: Martínez-Ríos María , Martín-Torrijos Laura , Diéguez-Uribeondo Javier
Published: January 2025

The fungal pathogens Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium falciforme are responsible for the emerging infectious disease named sea turtle egg fusariosis (STEF). This disease affects all sea turtle species throughout the world, causing low hatching success and mass mortalities. In this study, we investigated the potential use of widely available and easy-to-handle eggs of the invasive alien red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, as part of an in vivo host model to improve our knowledge of the biological properties of the pathogens responsible of the STEF. Specifically, we performed in vivo experiments, in which T. scripta eggs were challenged with conidia of F. keratoplasticum isolated from diseased sea turtle eggs. We found that the pathogen could colonize and develop similar signs to those observed in nature and fulfill Koch’s postulates. The pathogen showed high virulence properties (e.g., high disease incidence, severity, and low hatching success) and its ability to modify the pH in both the egg surface and culture media, confirming previously described fungal pathogen models. These results support the use of T. scripta as an experimental in vivo host model for studying the biological characteristics of STEF, thus providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the emergence of this fungal disease.
Azole Resistance and ERG11 Mutation in Clinical Isolates of Candida tropicalis
Authors: Siqueira Adriele Celine , Bernardi Gisele Aparecida , Arend Lavinia Nery Villa Stangler , Cordeiro Gabrielle Tomé , Rosolen Daiane , Berti Fernanda Costa Brandão , Ferreira Amanda Maria Martins , Vasconcelos Thaís Muniz , Neves Bianca Cruz , Rodrigues Luiza Souza , Dalla-Costa Libera Maria
Published: January 2025

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying azole resistance in seven Candida tropicalis isolates that caused candidemia and candiduria in Paraná, Brazil (2016–2022). Biofilm production, antifungal susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing, amplification and sequencing of ERG11, and quantification of ERG11, MDR1, and CDR1 expression levels were performed. Notably, five isolates (71.4%) were from urine samples and two (28.6%) were from blood samples. All strains were biofilm producers, with levels ranging from moderate to strong. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 8–>64 mg/L for fluconazole and 0.25–1 mg/L for voriconazole. All isolates had mutations in ERG11; Y132F and Y257N were predominant (71.4%), followed by Y132F and S154F (14.3%) and Y257H (14.3%). No differences in ERG11 expression were found between the susceptible and resistant groups, but MDR1 and CDR1 were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolates. All the isolates contained previously unassigned diploid sequence types. The emergence of C. tropicalis azole resistance has been previously described in Brazil; however, the presence of resistant isolates in urine highlights the need for surveillance resistant strains in both urinary and invasive contexts. In our study mutations in ERG11 were the main resistance mechanism identified in C. tropicalis.
From Natural Hosts to Agricultural Threats: The Evolutionary Journey of Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Madhushan Asanka , Weerasingha Dulan Bhanuka , Ilyukhin Evgeny , Taylor Paul W. J. , Ratnayake Amila Sandaruwan , Liu Jian-Kui , Maharachchikumbura Sajeewa S. N.
Published: January 2025

Since the domestication of plants, pathogenic fungi have consistently threatened crop production, evolving genetically to develop increased virulence under various selection pressures. Understanding their evolutionary trends is crucial for predicting and designing control measures against future disease outbreaks. This paper reviews the evolution of fungal pathogens from natural habitats to agricultural settings, focusing on eight significant phytopathogens: Pyricularia oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia spp., Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Blumeria graminis, Zymoseptoria tritici, and Colletotrichum spp. Also, we explore the mechanism used to understand evolutionary trends in these fungi. The studied pathogens have evolved in agroecosystems through either (1) introduction from elsewhere; or (2) local origins involving co-evolution with host plants, host shifts, or genetic variations within existing strains. Genetic variation, generated via sexual recombination and various asexual mechanisms, often drives pathogen evolution. While sexual recombination is rare and mainly occurs at the center of origin of the pathogen, asexual mechanisms such as mutations, parasexual recombination, horizontal gene or chromosome transfer, and chromosomal structural variations are predominant. Farming practices like mono-cropping resistant cultivars and prolonged use of fungicides with the same mode of action can drive the emergence of new pathotypes. Furthermore, host range does not necessarily impact pathogen adaptation and evolution. Although halting pathogen evolution is impractical, its pace can be slowed by managing selective pressures, optimizing farming practices, and enforcing quarantine regulations. The study of pathogen evolution has been transformed by advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, utilizing methods like next-generation sequencing, comparative genomics, transcriptomics and population genomics. However, continuous research remains essential to monitor how pathogens evolve over time and to develop proactive strategies that mitigate their impact on agriculture.
Spatial–Temporal Analysis of Coupling Coordination Between New Urbanization and Ecological Environment in Ya’an, China
Authors: Wei Wei , Xiao Lei , Zhang Xiao , Jin Luyao , Wang Di , Long Xin , Yang Qiaoqiao , Li Jinxiang , Zhou Ying
Published: January 2025

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, associated environmental problems, including low resource consumption, severe pollution emissions, and low environmental awareness, have become salient. The key to achieving sustainable development in Ya’an lies in accelerating the development of new urbanization while ensuring the preservation of existing ecological advantages. Firstly, this study constructs evaluation index systems for new urbanization and the ecological environment using the Population–Economic–Spatial–Social (PESS) and Pressure–State–Response (PSR) models, respectively. Then, the entropy weight model is used to calculate weights for each secondary indicator of the new urbanization and ecological environment systems. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) and relative development degree (RDD) models are applied to analyze spatial and temporal changes in new urbanization and the ecological environment in Ya’an from 2011 to 2021. Finally, spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are combined to analyze the factors influencing coupling coordination degree differences among Ya’an’s districts and counties. The results indicate the following: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the CCD of Ya’an shifted from basically balanced to highly balanced, and RDD shifted from new urbanization lag to systematic balanced. (2) The CCD of Ya’an varies significantly among regions, and the spatial differentiation of the effects of different factors has different characteristics.
Experimental Identification of the Void Fraction in a Large Hydrodynamic Offset Halves Bearing
Authors: Engels Alexander , Wettmarshausen Sören , Stottrop Michael , Hagemann Thomas , Weißbacher Christoph , Schwarze Hubert , Bender Beate
Published: January 2025

A common approach to optimising hydrodynamic journal bearings for power loss is to reduce the lubricant supply and direct the oil to specific bearing areas where it is needed to guarantee safe operation. This requires information on the processes in the gap and the surrounding pocket areas for both pre-design and simulation. In this paper, a system consisting of a total of eight cameras is used to determine the void fraction in deep grooves outside the lubricant film. The void fraction in the lubrication gap is determined using a novel method for the evaluation of two proximity measurements. While the variation of the deep groove void fraction is realised by a special oil supply and radially adjustable deep groove elements, the gap void fraction is adjusted by the oil supply in the lube oil pockets at the pad leading edges. On the one hand, the experimental investigations show that the void fraction of the deep groove areas has hardly any influence on the general operating behaviour. On the other hand, the void fraction in the lubrication gap can be measured quantitatively for the first time, and the operating point-dependent gas fractions can be visualised. It is also shown that gaseous cavitation is the main mechanism in partially filled regions of the lubrication gap.
Unveiling the Influence of Hot Carriers on Photovoltage Formation in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mujahid Muhammad , Čerškus Aurimas , Gradauskas Jonas , Grigucevičienė Asta , Giraitis Raimondas , Leinartas Konstantinas , Lučun Andžej , Petrauskas Kazimieras , Selskis Algirdas , Sužiedėlis Algirdas , Šilėnas Aldis , Širmulis Edmundas , Ašmontas Steponas
Published: January 2025

The experimental and theoretical study of photovoltage formation in perovskite solar cells under pulsed laser excitation at 0.53 μm wavelength is presented. Two types of solar cells were fabricated on the base of cesium-containing triple cation perovskite films: (1) Csx(FA0.83MA0.17)(1−x)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 and (2) Csx(FA0.83MA0.17)(1−x)Pb0.8Sn0.2(I0.83Br0.17)3. It is found that photovoltage across the solar cells consists of two components, U = Uph + Uf. The first one, Uph, is the traditional photovoltage arising due to laser radiation-induced electron-hole pair generation. The second one, Uf, is the fast component following the laser pulse and has a polarity opposite to that of Uph. It is shown that the fast photovoltage component results from the laser radiation-caused heating of free carriers. The transient photovoltage measurements show that the values of the fast component Uf are nearly the same in both types of perovskite solar cells. The magnitude of the traditional photovoltage of mixed Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells is lower than that of Pb-based cells.
Effect of 3D Printing Orientation on the Accuracy and Surface Roughness of Polycarbonate Samples
Authors: Turek Paweł , Bazan Anna , Bulicz Marcin
Published: January 2025

The study evaluates models produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology in five orientations, fabricated from polycarbonate (PC) material with a FORTUS 360mc printer. The models included simple shapes (planes and cylinders) and complex free-form surfaces. Accuracy was assessed using a GOM Scan 1 scanner and GOM Inspect 2019 software, focusing on 3D deviations and dimensional and geometric deviations (form, position, and orientation, which have not yet been analyzed in similar studies and may limit the usage of the printed elements). Surface roughness was analyzed using a MarSurf XR profilometer, measuring Ra and Rz parameters. All models were characterized by a predominance of negative 3D deviations. The analysis of variance showed no effect of model orientation on the values of linear dimensional deviations and geometric deviations. The largest deviations were negative and associated with the size of the models. The average value of the absolute deviation of linear dimensions associated with the size of the model was 0.30 mm. The average value of the absolute deviation of other linear dimensions was 0.07 mm. The average value of orientation and position deviations for each model varied in the range of 0.15–0.20 mm, and for form deviation 0.16–0.20 mm. One of the models had a higher surface roughness (Ra = 17.2 µm, Rz = 71.3 µm) than the other four models (Ra in the range of 12.7–13.8 µm, Rz in the range of 57.2–61.2 µm). During the research, three distinct surface types were identified on the models. The research indicated the validity of taking surface type into account when analyzing its microgeometry.
Optimization of the Screw Conveyor Device Based on a GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhuang Yunpeng , Xu Houzhuo , Li Wei , Li Haitao , Wu Zhidong
Published: January 2025

As technology advances, so does digital farming, revolutionizing the industry. Drones, sprayers equipped with GPS and other sensors, combine harvesters, and other machinery can greatly improve agricultural productivity. This paper studies the impact of the straw baler screw conveyor on the efficiency of the baler. Via theoretical analysis, GA—BP (Genetic Algorithm—Back Propagation) simulation, and comparative experiments, the structural parameters and rotational speed of the spiral shaft in the screw conveying device are optimized. In this paper, we analyze the force and velocity components acting on the straw, give the design principles for the screw’s conveying parameters under the premise of ensuring maximum conveying capacity and minimum power consumption, and determine the optimal design variables, objective functions, and constraints according to the specific optimization problem; we establish a specific mathematical model, and introduce algorithm optimization for nonlinear problems with many variables and large amounts of calculations. In MATLAB, an optimization calculation and analysis were performed. The optimization results of the traditional BP (Back Propagation) and GA—BP were compared. It was proven that GA—BP could effectively compensate for the deficiencies of the BP neural network and substantially enhance the model’s accuracy. Through an analysis of the optimization results, the conclusion of attaining the optimization objective was drawn. Specifically, when the outer diameter of the spiral for screw conveyance in the straw baler was D=320 mm, the pitch was S=200 mm, and the rotational speed of the pickup shaft was n=138 r/min, the straw baler could achieve the maximum conveying capacity and the minimum power consumption. At this moment, the power consumption was P=0.079 kW, and the conveying capacity was Qm=23.98 t/h. Subsequently, the optimization results were contrasted with those of other mainstream domestic models, and a comparative experiment was conducted. The experimental results indicated that the model’s prediction results were reliable and exhibited higher efficiency compared to other combinations. The results could provide a reference for the research on screw conveyance of balers.
Multi-View Collaborative Training and Self-Supervised Learning for Group Recommendation
Authors: Wei Feng , Chen Shuyu
Published: January 2025

Recommendation systems offer an effective solution to information overload, finding widespread application across e-commerce, news platforms, and beyond. By analyzing interaction histories, these systems automatically filter and recommend items that are most likely to resonate with users. Recently, with the swift advancement of social networking, group recommendation has emerged as a compelling research area, enabling personalized recommendations for groups of users. Unlike individual recommendation, group recommendation must consider both individual preferences and group dynamics, thereby enhancing decision-making efficiency for groups. One of the key challenges facing recommendation algorithms is data sparsity, a limitation that is even more severe in group recommendation than in traditional recommendation tasks. While various group recommendation methods attempt to address this issue, many of them still rely on single-view modeling or fail to sufficiently account for individual user preferences within a group, limiting their effectiveness. This paper addresses the data sparsity issue to improve group recommendation performance, overcoming the limitations of overlooking individual user recommendation tasks and depending on single-view modeling. We propose MCSS (multi-view collaborative training and self-supervised learning), a novel framework that harnesses both multi-view collaborative training and self-supervised learning specifically for group recommendations. By incorporating both group and individual recommendation tasks, MCSS leverages graph convolution and attention mechanisms to generate three sets of embeddings, enhancing the model’s representational power. Additionally, we design self-supervised auxiliary tasks to maximize the data utility, further enhancing performance. Through multi-task joint training, the model generates refined recommendation lists tailored to each group and individual user. Extensive validation and comparison demonstrate the method’s robustness and effectiveness, underscoring the potential of MCSS to advance state-of-the-art group recommendation.
Chaos in Inverse Parallel Schemes for Solving Nonlinear Engineering Models
Authors: Shams Mudassir , Carpentieri Bruno
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear equations are essential in research and engineering because they simulate complicated processes such as fluid dynamics, chemical reactions, and population growth. The development of advanced methods to address them becomes essential for scientific and applied research enhancements, as their resolution influences innovations by aiding in the proper prediction or optimization of the system. In this research, we develop a novel biparametric family of inverse parallel techniques designed to improve stability and accelerate convergence in parallel iterative algorithm. Bifurcation and chaos theory were used to find the best parameter regions that increase the parallel method’s effectiveness and stability. Our newly developed biparametric family of parallel techniques is more computationally efficient than current approaches, as evidenced by significant reductions in the number of iterations and basic operations each iterations step for solving nonlinear equations. Engineering applications examined with rough beginning data demonstrate high accuracy and superior convergence compared to existing classical parallel schemes. Analysis of global convergence further shows that the proposed methods outperform current methods in terms of error control, computational time, percentage convergence, number of basic operations per iteration, and computational order. These findings indicate broad usage potential in engineering and scientific computation.
Hybrid Chebyshev-Type Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: January 2025

Chebyshev-type methods have replaced the Chebyshev method in practice for solving nonlinear equations in abstract spaces. These methods are of the same R-order of three. However, they are easier to deal with, since the computationally expensive second derivative of the operator involved does not appear on these methods. However, the invertibility of the first derivative is still required at each step of the iteration. In this article, the inverse is replaced by a finite sum of linear operators. The convergence of the new Hybrid Chebyshev-Type Method (HCTM) is established under relaxed generalized continuity assumptions on the derivative and majorizing sequences. The iterates of the new methods converge to the original ones, but they are easier to find. Moreover, the numerical examples demonstrate that the new iterates converge essentially as fast to the solution. The methodology of this article can be used on other methods with inverses along the same lines due to its generality.
Strongly Coupled Designs for Computer Experiments with Both Qualitative and Quantitative Factors
Authors: Liu Meng-Meng , Liu Min-Qian , Yang Jin-Yu
Published: January 2025

Computer experiments often involve both qualitative and quantitative factors, posing challenges for efficient experimental designs. Strongly coupled designs (SCDs) are proposed in this paper to balance flexibility in run size and stratification properties between qualitative and quantitative factor columns. The existence and construction of SCDs are investigated. When s⩾2 is a prime or a prime power, the constructed SCDs of λs3 runs can accommodate 2s−1 qualitative factors and a substantial number of quantitative factors. Furthermore, a series of SCDs with su rows and (u−3)s3 columns of quantitative factors are constructed, where u⩾4, with certain columns of quantitative factors achieving stratification in two or higher dimensions. The proposed SCDs achieve stratification between any two qualitative factors and all quantitative factors, which is superior to MCDs. With the number of levels of the qualitative factors given as s2, DCDs have λs4 rows, while SCDs have only λs3 rows, offering more flexibility. Furthermore, in the designs constructed in this paper with fewer than 100 rows, in 11 out of 17 cases, SCDs have a larger number and higher levels of qualitative factors than DCDs.
Backward Continuation of the Solutions of the Cauchy Problem for Linear Fractional System with Deviating Argument
Authors: Kiskinov Hristo , Milev Mariyan , Petkova Milena , Zahariev Andrey
Published: January 2025

Fractional calculus provides tools to model systems with memory effects; when coupled with delays, they model process histories inspired by two independent sources—the memory of the fractional derivative and the impact conditioned by the delays. This work considers a Cauchy (initial) problem for a linear delayed system with derivatives in Caputo’s sense of incommensurate order, distributed delays, and piecewise initial functions. For this initial problem, we study the important problem of the backward continuation of its solutions. We consider the backward continuation of the solutions as a problem of the renewal of a process with aftereffect under given final observation. Sufficient conditions for backward continuation of the solutions of these systems have been obtained. As application, a formal (Lagrange) adjoint system for the studied homogeneous system is introduced, and using the backward continuation, it is proved that for this system there exists a unique matrix solution called by us as the formal adjoint fundamental matrix, which can play the same role as the fundamental matrix in the forward case.
Quasilinear Fractional Neumann Problems
Authors: Mugnai Dimitri , Proietti Lippi Edoardo Proietti
Published: January 2025

We study an elliptic quasilinear fractional problem with fractional Neumann boundary conditions, proving an existence and multiplicity result without assuming the classical Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. Improving previous results, we also provide the weak formulation of solutions without regularity assumptions and we provide an example, even in the linear case, for which no regularity can indeed be assumed.