bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Annapolis Conference as a failed media event: the mediatization of international politics
Authors: Eskjr Mikkel Fugl
Published: October 2009

This article deals with the concept of media events, but seen from a perspective not often taken of an international media event in the Middle East, the Annapolis Conference in November 2007, that failed in some aspects but still managed to set an agenda in international politics. The article looks at the mediatization of politics in a globalized world but pays specific attention to the way this conference was treated within the Arab media, mainly newspapers in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, but also with a broader look including, for instance, Al-Jazeera and the Western 24-hour channels CNN and BBC World. Discussing modern media events the article also focuses on the multi-media aspects of media events, from print media to the Internet. By looking behind the scenes and from different media and regions the article theorizes and analyzes the complicated patterns of modern, mediated and global politics.
Genre on time. Fiction film framings of scandalous politics in Denmark since 2001
Authors: Givskov Cecilie
Published: October 2009

In Denmark the political fiction film has not been at the centre of attention for film-makers, and when it has been explored it has in fact not been a very successful genre. However, recently, an interest in the political sphere has emerged among film-makers in Denmark. Simultaneously,
the political culture in Denmark since the turn of the century has become less focused on a welfare and solidarity consensus, and it has created new types of conflicts where the population has become more sceptical towards the political system and also towards the journalistic credo. The article
shows how the socio-cultural political context developed especially since 2001 interacts with the content and form of political fiction films, and how the films are embedded in a general mediatization of culture which implies that subject matter related to, for example, politics is framed
in popular form in news and in fiction films.
Boosting the image of a nation: the use of history in contemporary Serbian film
Authors: Zajec Spela
Published: October 2009

The article investigates the links between history film in the former communist state of Serbia and its contemporary political correlations. Inspired by enquiries into ethnicity, the paper cultivates the instrumentalist approach to history, perceiving the interpretation of the past
as a device employed by different interest- and status-groups to achieve some other, most-often material objective. Following the key premise that history film exhibit particular eagerness to point to contemporaneous political concerns the paper shows how history film in Serbia actively participated
in the dominant discourses on the (recent and more distant) past in Serbia, and by doing so, suggested (alternative) ways of conceptualizing the political, economic, and cultural transformations in the last two decades. The article looks at case studies related to both the Milosevic era and
the post-Milosevic era and points to a transformation and diversification in the forms of history film and genres in the new post-Milosevic generation.
Berlusconi and the post-democratic reorganization of politics
Authors: Srensen Gert
Published: October 2009

The purpose of this article, first, is to analyze the complex social and historical background that has favoured Berlusconi's accumulation of economic resources, in particular in the field of electronic media. The second purpose is to relate the expansion of the new media to what the
writer and film-maker Pier Paolo Pasolini in the mid-1970s defined as an anthropological mutation, in other words, to look at this expansion as a reinforcement of tendencies deeply rooted in the consumer society. A third purpose is to trace the consequences faced by the democratic form of
government formally defined by the Antifascist Constitution of 1948, now with the growth not only of a new political mentality and behaviour, but also of a new post-democratic political class that has left behind the traditional political parties and their ideologies.
Silicon Oxide Composite Film Fabricated by Wet Process at Low Temperature as a Passivation Layer for Printable Electric Device
Authors: Uemura Sei , Suemori Kouji , Yoshida Manabu , Hoshino Satoshi , Takada Noriyuki , Kodzasa Takehito , Ibraki Nobuki , Kamata Toshihide
Published: October 2009

Printable devices have been attracting considerable interest because of their application to flexible large-area devices in low cost printable electronics. In order to fabricate such devices, it is necessary to discover a passivation film and develop an efficient process for its preparation. We have previously reported that silicone oxide film is obtained with high density by UV irradiation to silazane compound film at low temperature [1]. The silicon oxide film has electric resistivity more than 10−15 Ωcm and electric strength more than 7 MV/cm. In order to apply the film to passivation layer in printable device, in this paper, preparation of nano-composite film with silicon oxide and clay mineral was investigated.
Milled Bar-Supported Implant Overdenture After Mandibular Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Vecchiatini Renata , Mobilio Nicola , Barbin Demis , Catapano Santo , Calura Giorgio
Published: October 2009

After surgical treatment for oral cancer, patients often are affected by disfigurements, thwarted function, and psychological and social problems. Prosthodontic rehabilitation has the aim of restoring function and esthetics. Implant-supported prosthodontic rehabilitation is useful for patients with compromised residual ridge anatomy, such as patients with oral cancer following treatment. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a patient after mandibular resection with a milled bar-supported implant overdenture. Overdenture achieves best hygienic maintenance, easy soft tissue follow-up, and low realization cost. This rehabilitation increased prosthesis retention and stability and improved oral conditions and the patient's quality of life.
Simultaneous Vertical Guided Bone Regeneration and Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Posterior Maxilla Using Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: A Case Report
Authors: Urban Istvan , Caplanis Nicholas , Lozada Jaime L.
Published: October 2009

This clinical case report describes and demonstrates successful use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) in conjunction with autogenous bone, anorganic bone mineral, and barrier membranes to reconstruct severe alveolar bone defects. A combined sinus augmentation and vertical alveolar ridge augmentation was successfully performed. In addition, a significant amount of periodontal bone gain was achieved in close apposition to a previously denuded root surface, which is significant from a periodontal standpoint, given the possibility of vertical periodontal regeneration.
Does reliability of water resources matter in the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices? A case study in the Zhanghe irrigation system, China
Authors: Mushtaq Shahbaz , Khan Shahbaz , Hafeez Mohsin , Hanjra Munir A.
Published: October 2009

The aim of the study was to determine whether the reliability of water sources is important in the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices (WSI). It was hypothesized that access to reliable water sources such as water ponds would increase the likelihood of practicing alternate wetting and drying (AWD) for rice cultivation. While it seems intuitively reasonable to assume that farmer's ability to access reliable water sources would reduce the risk involved in letting the paddy field dry temporarily, and therefore encourage the adoption of AWD, this study found no solid empirical evidence to support the proposition. However, weaker empirical evidence shows that access to reliable water supply from local ponds positively influences AWD practices. The results show that the adoption of AWD is not driven by farmer's self choice but rather that they are adopting AWD to mitigate risk in the face of increasing water scarcity. The result suggests that water-saving irrigation training and farm size or land distribution system have an important role in the adoption of AWD practices. The policy implication of this research is that imposing institutional water scarcity could be a way to promote the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices.
Moving towards a policy proactive irrigation sector: some Australian experiences
Authors: Shi Tian , Meyer Wayne
Published: October 2009

As a complex process, water resource management is characterised by the interactions among policy makers, stakeholders, implementers, and socio-political environments. In response, it requires designing suitable policies and managing their implementation. It also requires the irrigation sector to change its habitual behaviour to accommodate increasing environmental and community concerns and new government policies. Policy makers and irrigation practitioners are being called upon to learn from the past, and make trade-offs between the economic, social and environmental effects of water use. To build up the capacity of the Australian water industry in dealing with water management problems in the future, this paper analyses the interactions between water policy and irrigation practice in Australia, and outlines the synthesis of some findings from the reform experiences of selected countries. The insights drawn from this study will facilitate the irrigation sector to be more proactive to intended policy changes that aimed at achieving the sustainable development of industry, community and the environment.
Characterization of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita reaction of the USA Arachis pintoi (Krapov. & W.C. Gregory) germplasm collection
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo Ayres , Quesenberry Kenneth H.
Published: October 2009

Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Gregory is a herbaceous, perennial legume, exclusively native to Brazil. It is considered a multiple use legume, being grown for forage; ground cover in fruits orchards, forest, and low tillage systems; erosion control; and ornamental purposes. Accessions of the A. pintoi USA germplasm collection of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) were evaluated to characterize its reaction to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, and M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Arachis pintoi germplasm presented great variability and high levels of resistance to M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita.
Robustness in Regulatory Interaction Networks. A Generic Approach with Applications at Different Levels: Physiologic, Metabolic and Genetic
Authors: Demongeot Jacques , Ben Amor Hedi , Elena Adrien , Gillois Pierre , Noual Mathilde , Sené Sylvain
Published: October 2009

Regulatory interaction networks are often studied on their dynamical side (existence of attractors, study of their stability). We focus here also on their robustness, that is their ability to offer the same spatiotemporal patterns and to resist to external perturbations such as losses of nodes or edges in the networks interactions architecture, changes in their environmental boundary conditions as well as changes in the update schedule (or updating mode) of the states of their elements (e.g., if these elements are genes, their synchronous coexpression mode versus their sequential expression). We define the generic notions of boundary, core, and critical vertex or edge of the underlying interaction graph of the regulatory network, whose disappearance causes dramatic changes in the number and nature of attractors (e.g., passage from a bistable behaviour to a unique periodic regime) or in the range of their basins of stability. The dynamic transition of states will be presented in the framework of threshold Boolean automata rules. A panorama of applications at different levels will be given: brain and plant morphogenesis, bulbar cardio-respiratory regulation, glycolytic/oxidative metabolic coupling, and eventually cell cycle and feather morphogenesis genetic control.
Design and Synthesis of Novel 2-Phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) Derivatives and Their Antiproliferative Effects in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Chang Sheng , Yin Shi-Liang , Wang Jian , Jing Yong-Kui , Dong Jin-Hua
Published: October 2009

A series of novel 2-phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) derivatives structurally related to STI-571 were designed and synthesized. The abilities of these compounds to inhibit proliferation were tested in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. (E)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-N-[4-methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenyl]acrylamide(12d) was the most effective cell growth inhibitor and was 3-fold more potent than STI-571.
Mild and Facile Synthesis of Multi-Functional RAFT Chain Transfer Agents
Authors: O’Reilly Rachel  K. , Hansell Claire
Published: October 2009

In this paper we will describe the synthesis and characterization of a series of novel chain transfer agents for application in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The facile and mild conditions used for the synthesis of these new chain transfer agents should allow for the application of these methods for the preparation of a wide range of multifunctional chain transfer agent species. Some initial polymerization data for these multifunctional chain transfer agents is also reported.
Sensor Calibration Based on Incoherent Optical Fiber Bundles (IOFB) Used For Remote Image Transmission
Authors: Lázaro José L. , Fernández Pedro R. , Gardel Alfredo , Cano Angel E. , Luna Carlos A.
Published: October 2009

Image transmission using incoherent optical fiber bundles (IOFB) requires prior calibration to obtain the spatial in-out fiber correspondence in order to reconstruct the image captured by the pseudo-sensor. This information is recorded in a Look-Up Table (LUT), used later for reordering the fiber positions and reconstructing the original image. This paper presents a method based on line-scan to obtain the in-out correspondence. The results demonstrate that this technique yields a remarkable reduction in processing time and increased image quality by introducing a fiber detection algorithm, an intensity compensation process and finally, a single interpolation algorithm.
An Astrobiological View on Sustainable Life
Authors: Naganuma Takeshi
Published: October 2009

Life on a global biosphere basis is substantiated in the form of organics and organisms, and defined as the intermediate forms (briefly expressed as CH2O) hovering between the reduced (CH4, methane) and (CO2, carbon dioxide) ends, different from the classical definition of life as a complex organization maintaining ordered structure and information. Both definitions consider sustenance of life meant as protection of life against chaos through an input of external energy. The CH2O-life connection is maintained as long as the supply of H and O lasts, which is in turn are provided by the splitting of the water molecule H2O. Water is split by electricity, as well-known from school-level experiments, and by solar radiation and geothermal heat on a global scale. In other words, the Sun’s radiation and the Earth’s heat as well as radioactivity split water to supply H and O for continued existence of life on the Earth. These photochemical, radiochemical and geothermal processes have influences on the evolution and current composition of the Earth’s atmosphere, compared with those of Venus and Mars, and influences on the planetary climatology. This view of life may be applicable to the “search-for-life in space” and to sustainability assessment of astrobiological habitats.
Dominant-Negative Proteins in Herpesviruses – From Assigning Gene Function to Intracellular Immunization
Authors: Mühlbach Hermine , Mohr Christian A. , Ruzsics Zsolt , Koszinowski Ulrich H.
Published: October 2009

Investigating and assigning gene functions of herpesviruses is a process, which profits from consistent technical innovation. Cloning of bacterial artificial chromosomes encoding herpesvirus genomes permits nearly unlimited possibilities in the construction of genetically modified viruses. Targeted or randomized screening approaches allow rapid identification of essential viral proteins. Nevertheless, mapping of essential genes reveals only limited insight into function. The usage of dominant-negative (DN) proteins has been the tool of choice to dissect functions of proteins during the viral life cycle. DN proteins also facilitate the analysis of host-virus interactions. Finally, DNs serve as starting-point for design of new antiviral strategies.
La construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y la innovación educativa en la universidad
Authors: Arriaga García de Andoaín Jesús , Conde Lázaro Carlos
Published: October 2009

En el presente artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre el papel que debe jugar la renovación de los métodos docentes utilizados en el proceso formativo de titulados universitarios en el marco de la construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Lo anterior se ilustra con las actividades que se han venido desarrollando en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid durante los últimos cuatro años.
Cooperación Invisible. El proyecto MARIA (Métodos de Apoyo y Recursos Interactivos de Aprendizaje)
Authors: Fidalgo Blanco Ángel , Fernández Cabanillas Fátima Azucena
Published: October 2009

Las redes sociales se han convertido en el elemento estrella de la red en los últimos años. A través de ellas miles de personas comparten informaciones con otros con los que tienen algún interés común. El problema actual de algunas de ellas radica en la dificultad a la hora de coordinar esos recursos aportados, una labor que se complica a la hora de intentar recuperar todos esos datos vertidos. Desde el Laboratorio de Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información se ha desarrollado, tras ocho años de trabajo, un software para clasificar, organizar y poner en común los recursos aportados por los miembros de una red orientada al recurso.
Como desarrollo de este trabajo ha nacido MARIA, un buscador de recursos formativos orientados a niños con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años, nutrido de la colaboración de personas adultas que conforman esa red social. A lo largo de este artículo se detallan las características y utilidades de este nuevo buscador, basado en una red social en la que sus miembros aportan recursos de un modo solidario y desinteresado, consiguiendo un sistema fácil y eficaz para ser utilizado por todos aquellos que lo necesiten.
Synthesis, X‐ray powder structure analysis and biological properties of a mononuclear Cu(II) complex of N‐2‐hydroxyhippuric acid
Authors: Basu Soumya , Chattopadhyay Basab , Ganguly A. , Chakraborty P. , Roy Chowdhury P. , Samanta S. , Mukherjee M. , Mukherjee A. K. , Choudhuri S. K.
Published: October 2009

A mononuclear copper (II) complex of N‐2‐hydroxyhippuric acid (2HHA), [Cu(HA)(H2O)2], has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and X‐ray powder diffraction studies. Crystal structure of [Cu(HA)(H2O)2] reveals a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry around the metal center. The crystal packing in the complex exhibits a three‐dimensional framework formed by intermolecular O; H···O and CH···O hydrogen bonds. Toxicity and antitumor properties of the complex have been studied in vivo. The complex, capable of depleting glutathione (GSH) at nontoxic doses, may be utilized to sensitize drug‐resistant cells where resistance is due to an elevated level of GSH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of novel Cry1Ac binding proteins in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Chen Li‐Zhen , Liang Ge‐Mei , Zhang Jie , Wu Kong‐Ming , Guo Yu‐Yuan , Rector Brian G.
Published: October 2009

Aminopeptidase N (APN) and cadherin‐like proteins have been previously identified as Cry1Ac‐binding proteins in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). In this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify novel Cry1Ac‐binding proteins in H. armigera. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of H. armigera were extracted and separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Cry1Ac‐binding proteins were detected using antisera against Cry1Ac. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was used to identify Cry1Ac‐binding proteins. In total, four proteins were identified as candidate Cry1Ac‐binding proteins in H. armigera: vacuolar ATP synthase (V‐ATPase) subunit B, actin, heat shock cognate protein (HSCP), and a novel protein. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring change in professionalism attitudes during the gross anatomy course
Authors: Pearson William G. , Hoagland Todd M.
Published: October 2009

By design or default, anatomy educators are often responsible for introducing students to medical professionalism. Although much has been said about the role of anatomical education, there are no published reports suggesting how to measure change. This study investigated what professionalism attitudes, if any, change during a gross anatomy course. Additionally, the influence of four dichotomous variables related to student identity and preparation for medical school were analyzed for their effect on professionalism attitudes. A cross‐sectional time‐one (T1; beginning of the course), time‐two (T2; end of the course) study using the Penn State College of Medicine Survey of Professionalism was conducted. A multivariate analysis of variance identified the main effects and interaction effects of categorical variables. A Mann Whitney U test verified significant differences. This study found a reprioritization of professionalism attitudes in favor of altruism (P = 0.04 with a Cohen's d = 0.26) at T2. Female students (P = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.38) and students from a science background (P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.36) changed the most in favor of altruism. Interestingly, though several factors correlated with dissimilarities in professionalism values at T1, gender was the only factor to show a significant difference in professionalism attitudes at T2. This cohort of students reported a statistically significant increase in altruism and no significant decreases in other professionalism attitudes concurrent with the gross anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:12–16, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists
Damage control in burn surgery
Authors: Breederveld R S , Kreis R W
Published: October 2009

This is the fifth leading article in the Journal's series on major trauma. In it, experts from the Netherlands consider the many factors affecting outcomes after severe burns.
Haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of postoperative hyperglycaemia and complications after major colorectal surgery
Authors: Gustafsson U O , Thorell A , Soop M , Ljungqvist O , Nygren J
Published: October 2009

Background

Hyperglycaemia following major surgery increases morbidity, but may be improved by use of enhanced-recovery protocols. It is not known whether preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) A1c could predict hyperglycaemia and/or adverse outcome after colorectal surgery.

Methods

Some 120 patients without known diabetes underwent major colorectal surgery within an enhanced-recovery protocol. HbA1c was measured at admission and 4 weeks after surgery. All patients received an oral diet beginning 4 h after operation. Plasma glucose was monitored five times daily. Patients were stratified according to preoperative levels of HbA1c (within normal range of 4·5–6·0 per cent, or higher).

Results

Thirty-one patients (25·8 per cent) had a preoperative HbA1c level over 6·0 per cent. These had higher mean(s.d.) postoperative glucose (9·3(1·5) versus 8·0(1·5) mmol/l; P < 0·001) and C-reactive protein (137(65) versus 101(52) mg/l; P = 0·008) levels than patients with a normal HbA1c level. Postoperative complications were more common in patients with a high HbA1c level (odds ratio 2·9 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·1 to 7·9)).

Conclusion

Postoperative hyperglycaemia is common among patients with no history of diabetes, even within an enhanced-recovery protocol. Preoperative measurement of HbA1c may identify patients at higher risk of poor glycaemic control and postoperative complications.
Preoperative localization of sentinel lymph nodes using intradermal microbubbles and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sever A , Jones S , Cox K , Weeks J , Mills P , Jones P
Published: October 2009

Background

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the standard procedure for axillary staging in early breast cancer. Lymphatic imaging after intraparenchymal microbubble injection has been reported in animal models. The aim of this study was to identify and localize SLNs before surgery by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after intradermal injection of microbubbles in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Fifty-four consecutive, consenting patients with primary breast cancer were recruited. Patients received a periareolar intradermal injection of microbubble contrast agent. Breast lymphatics were visualized by ultrasonography and followed to identify putative axillary SLNs. A guidewire was deployed to localize the SLN. The next day, patients underwent standard tumour excision and SLN biopsy.

Results

SLNs were identified and guidewires inserted in 48 patients. In these patients operative findings confirmed that the wired lymph nodes were SLNs. The sensitivity of SLN detection, compared with radioisotope and blue dye, was 89 per cent. Five patients were found to have metastases in SLNs. In these patients the SLNs were identified correctly and localized before surgery with guidewires.

Conclusion

SLNs may be identified and localized before surgery using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after injection of microbubbles.
Hospital volume influences the choice of operation for thyroid cancer
Authors: Lifante J C , Duclos A , Couray-Targe S , Colin C , Peix J L , Schott A M
Published: October 2009

Background

Many authors advocate total or near-total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. This study examined the relationship between hospital volume of thyroidectomies and choice of bilateral thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma.

Methods

Data were extracted from the administrative databases of all hospital discharge abstracts in the Rhône-Alpes area of France. The study population included inpatient stays from 1999 to 2004 with a diagnosis of thyroid disease (benign or malignant) and a procedural code for thyroid surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with the extent of surgery (unilateral versus bilateral) for thyroid carcinoma.

Results

A total of 20 140 thyroidectomies were identified, including 4006 procedures for cancer. Compared with hospitals performing a high volume of procedures for all thyroid diseases (at least 100 annually), the risk of a unilateral procedure for thyroid cancer increased by 2·46 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·63 to 3·71) in low-volume hospitals (fewer than ten operations per year) and by 1·56 (1·27 to 1·92) in medium-volume centres (ten to 99 per year).

Conclusion

There is a significant relationship between hospital volume and the decision to perform bilateral surgery for thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid cancer surgery should be performed by experienced surgical teams in high-volume centres.
One‐Pot Mechanosynthesis with Three Levels of Molecular Self‐Assembly: Coordination Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds and Host–Guest Inclusion
Authors: Friščić Tomislav , Meštrović Ernest , Škalec Šamec Dijana , Kaitner Branko , Fábián László
Published: October 2009

Liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) was used to combine three levels of molecular self‐assembly into a one‐pot mechanochemical approach for the construction of metal–organic materials. The approach was applied for the construction of three adducts of cobalt(II) dibenzoylmethanate with isonicotinamide, nicotinamide and imidazole, to screen for their inclusion compounds. The one‐pot process consists of: i) The coordination‐driven binding of addends to the equatorially‐protected metal ion, resulting in “wheel‐and‐axle”‐shaped complexes; ii) self‐assembly of resulting complexes by way of hydrogen‐bonded synthons to form metal–organic inclusion hosts; iii) in situ inclusion of the grinding liquid in the resulting host. This approach provided quantitatively and within 20 min the known inclusion compounds of the bis(isonicotinamide) adduct in a single synthetic step. Changing the liquid phase in LAG was used to explore the inclusion behaviour of new wheel‐and‐axle adducts with nicotinamide and imidazole, revealing several inclusion compounds, as well as two polymorphs, of the bis(nicotinamide) host. Preliminary results suggest that one‐pot LAG is superior to solution synthesis in screening for metal–organic inclusion compounds. The difference between the methods is rationalised in terms of reactant solubility and solvent competition. In contrast to the nicotinamide adduct, the bis(imidazole) adduct did not form inclusion compounds. The difference in the inclusion properties of the two adducts is rationalised by structural information gathered by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction.
Palaeoecology of the Lower Bengal Basin, Calcutta, India, during the Late Quaternary
Authors: Das Sauren
Published: October 2009

Palynological analysis was conducted in view of past ecological reconstruction trends of Calcutta, the Lower Bengal Basin (West Bengal), India. Floristic compositions were derived from peat samples collected from Garia, located at the southern extremity of the city. Garia, being one of the oldest settlements in this region, is situated by the ‘Tolly Nullah’ connecting Calcutta to the Vidhyadhari River at the east. Bore hole samples were radiocarbon dated and three successive peat layers of 7000 (+170) y. B.P. to 2650 (+150) y. B.P. were analyzed for their pollen composition. Pollen data indicates the existance of typical swampy vegetation of mangrove plant community in and around Calcutta, which are presently confined to the Sundarbans forest, the further south of the studied area. The lower most peat layer (ca. 7000–6500 y. B.P.) reveals that the vegetational sequence was comparatively uniform and mainly comprised of Heritiera, Rhizophora, Sonneratia, Excoecaria, Phoenix paludosa and grasses, implying insignificant fluctuations in climatic conditions. The middle layer indicates a mixed vegetational type of fern spores, mangroves and some terrestrial plants (e.g. Acanthus, Cynometra, Suaeda, and grasses). The lower part of the middle peat layer (ca. 6450–6100 y. B.P.) consisted of marshy habitat as evidenced by fern spores, whereas their absence in the upper part implies relatively dry environmental conditions. The upper peat layer (ca. 2600 y. B.P.) is dominated by grass, pollen grains terrestrial habitats (Typha, Cassia, Eucalyptus, Desmodium, Salicornia, and Rhamnaceae) and some of typical mangroves (Heritiera and Excoecaria). Low amounts of fern spores indicating Lower Bengal change towards the terrestrial habitats. The pollen/spore assemblages in the three successive peat layers indicate the presence of typical mangrove vegetation, of the type currently observed in the Sundarbans region. Frequent sea water inundation mixed with fresh water flow from the northern upstream at the low lying topography of Basin seems to have led to the formation of peat by deposition rather than by drifting. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biological and mycobiota characters of some medicinal plants from Yemen
Authors: Naggar S. M. El , Sallam A. M. H.
Published: October 2009

Morphological, palynological and mycobiota characters of five wild medicinal plants from Yemen: Senna italica Mill. (Caesalpiniaceae), Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), Commicarpus grandiflorus (A.Rich.) Standl. (Nyctaginaceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. (Euphorbiaceae) and Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey. (Asteraceae) have been investigated. Twenty one different fungal species were collected and identified from the leaf surfaces and anther/pollen of the studied medicinal plants. These fungal species represent eight genera on the leaf surfaces and ten genera on the anther/ pollen, respectively. The fungal spectra on leaf surfaces of Senna italica and Acalypha fruticosa were the widest spectra, while this spectrum on the leaves of Withania somnifera was the narrowest one. On the other hand the rugulate pollen of Acalypha fruticosa had the widest spectrum of fungi, while the rugulate or micro‐reticulate pollen of Senna italica had the narrowest one. Members of the fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium were the most frequent taxa on both substratum of the studied medicinal plant species. Some fungal species were restricted to only one substratum (leaf surface or anther/pollen), some others were common. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SUZ12 is a candidate target of the non‐canonical WNT pathway in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pizzatti Luciana , Binato Renata , Cofre Jaime , Gomes Bernadete E. , Dobbin Jane , Haussmann Maria Emilia , D'Azambuja Denise , Bouzas Luis Fernando , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: October 2009

Polycomb proteins form multiprotein complexes that repress target genes by chromatin remodeling. In this work, we report that the SUZ12 polycomb gene is over‐expressed in bone marrow samples of patients at the blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. We also found a direct interaction between polycomb group genes and the WNT signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia transformation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP), and mass spectrometry assays identified noncanonical WNT pathway members, such as WNT5A and WNT11, bound to the SUZ12 promoter. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with WNT5A and WNT11 antibodies confirmed nuclear localization. Knockdown of WNTs 1, 5A, and 11 with RNAi approaches showed that WNT members are capable of activating SUZ12 transcription with varying promoter affinities. Finally, we suggest that SUZ12 is blocking cellular differentiation, as SUZ12 knockdown release differentiation programs in chronic myeloid blastic phase (CML‐BP) transformed cell line. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four New Lignans with a Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonadienemethanol Skeleton from Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: Lee Ching‐Kuo , Yeh Ming‐Hsi , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Chiu His‐Lin , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung
Published: October 2009

Four unique bicyclo[3.3.1]nonadienemethanol lignans, designated lanceolatanins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), along with one previously known compound, isolariciresinol (5), were isolated from the MeOH extracts of the heartwood of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Their structures were elucidated by application of various spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, to their acetylated derivatives 1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a. Their possible biosynthetic formations are also discussed.
Alkaloids from the Roots of Stemona tuberosa
Authors: Hu Jun‐Ping , Yang Dong‐Hui , Lin Wen‐Han , Cai Shao‐Qing
Published: October 2009

Four new alkaloids, didehydrotuberostemonine A (1), stemoninone (2), tuberostemospiroline (3), and tuberostemonine L (4), together with seven known alkaloids, were isolated from the roots of Stemona tuberosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The known alkaloids were identified as 2‐oxostenine (5), tuberostemonine (6), sessilifoliamide H (7), tuberostemonone (8), didehydrotuberostemonine (9), bisdehydrostemoninine (10), and tuberostemoamide (11).
In vivo optical monitoring of tissue pathologies and diseases with vibrational contrast
Authors: Bégin Steve , Bélanger Erik , Laffray Sophie , Vallée Réal , Côté Daniel
Published: October 2009

Studies of tissue remodeling require in vivo imaging techniques that are as minimally invasive as possible to avoid microenvironment perturbations. To this end, spontaneous Raman techniques have been used but low signals have limited their application mostly to point spectroscopy measurements. Novel Raman‐based techniques such as coherent and stimulated Raman scattering can overcome this limitation. This manuscript discusses imaging and spectroscopy applications with Raman‐based contrast for in vivo tissue monitoring, and how these can be combined into spectral imaging. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of Runx1/AML1 and Evi‐1 in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Kumano Keiki , Kurokawa Mineo
Published: October 2009

Lineage‐specific transcription factors must be precisely regulated during stem cell self‐renewal and lineage commitment decisions. The role of specific transcription factors in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions has derived largely from genetic strategies, primarily gene‐targeting and transgenic or retroviral overexpression experiments. From the previous experimental results, several transcription factors have been found to play critical roles in HSC physiology. Among them, we focus two transcription factors, Runx1/AML1 and Evi‐1, in this review. During embryogenesis, both Runx1 and Evi‐1 are essential for HSCs whereas in the adult, Runx1 and Evi‐1 regulate HSCs negatively and positively, respectively. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 282–285, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echocardiographic identification of ventricular septal rupture caused by acute stent thrombosis
Authors: Garg Scot , Bourantas Christos V. , Thackray Simon , Alamgir Mohamed F.
Published: October 2009

Coronary stenting is an increasingly common procedure. Complications are rare. However, when they do occur, they often require urgent invasive treatment. Investigations that are critical for establishing a diagnosis as well as such guide treatment as a detailed assessment of myocardial morphology and function using transthoracic echocardiography may be overlooked in the haste to treat the patient. We present a case report of subacute drug‐eluting stent thrombosis in which a meticulous echocardiographic examination allowed the identification of a ventricular septal rupture, which ultimately modified treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Change in early‐summer meridional teleconnection over the western North Pacific and East Asia around the late 1970s
Authors: Lin Zhongda , Lu Riyu , Zhou Wen
Published: October 2009

Previous studies have shown that during summer there is a meridional teleconnection over the western North Pacific and East Asia (WNP‐EA) on the interannual time scales. This meridional teleconnection is characterized by the zonally elongated circulation anomalies with alternate signs in the meridional direction over this region. The present study indicates that there is a significant change in the early‐summer meridional teleconnection around the late 1970s, by using ERA‐40 reanalysis data during 1958–2001. Although this meridional teleconnection appears as a dominant mode during the whole analysis period, a close inspection revealed that the teleconnection becomes obscure considerably after the late 1970s. Before the late 1970s, the meridional displacement of the East Asian upper‐tropospheric jet stream (EAJS), which is the most dominant mode of EAJS interannual variability, has a statistically significant relationship with both the zonal shift of the WNP subtropical high and rainfall anomaly in the tropical WNP. After the late 1970s, however, this tropical–extratropical interaction over the WNP‐EA is disrupted. We hypothesize that this change in meridional teleconnection is due to the weakening of vertical easterly shear over the tropical WNP in June after the late 1970s. Before the late 1970s, the easterly vertical shear permits the coupling of external mode and internal mode excited by the tropical WNP precipitation anomaly and results in a significant barotropic response, which is necessary for the meridional teleconnection over the WNP‐EA. After the late 1970s, the near‐zero vertical shear is unfavourable for the coupling and thus weakens the meridional teleconnection. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Application of pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in nuts
Authors: Campone Luca , Piccinelli Anna Lisa , Aliberti Luigi , Rastrelli Luca
Published: October 2009

Aflatoxins (AFs) B1, B2, G1 and G2 were extracted from nuts by using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and the PLE extracts were analyzed using HPLC with fluorescence detection using photochemical post‐column derivatization without further cleanup procedures. Several extraction parameters such as temperature (25, 40, 60 and 80°C), pressure (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 psi), solvent extraction mixture (acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and methanol), number of cycles (1 and 2), use of dispersing agents and cell size (5 and 11 mL) were investigated for their effects on the extraction performance. The results showed 60°C, 1500 psi, acetonitrile, one cycle and a cell size of 5 mL as most favorable PLE operating conditions. The proposed analytical method provides LODs below the maximum levels established by European Union regulations and the recoveries of the four AFs were between 77 and 93% at spiking levels of 4, 2 and 0.5 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFG1 and 1, 0.5 and 0.13 μg/kg for AFB2 and AFG2. Validation was carried out using certified reference materials. PLE has been applied for the first time to the analysis of AFs in nuts and offers the possibility for fast simple and accurate quantitative determination of studied mycotoxins.
Enhancement of Oxidative Stability of Polyfluorenes for Direct Thermal Lithography
Authors: Han Xu , Chen Xiwen , Gordon Terry , Holdcroft Steven
Published: October 2009

A homopolymer of 9,9′‐bis[4‐(2‐(2‐tetrahydropyranyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl]fluorene and its copolymers with 3,4‐benzothiadiazole and 4,7‐di(3(4‐n‐octylphenyl)‐2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole were synthesized to produce a series of thermally reactive blue, green, and red luminescent polymers. Thermolytic removal of the tetrahydropyran (THP) group from polymer films, rendered the films insoluble due to the formation of hydroxyl groups on the termini of side chains. Thermal removal of the THP was lowered by up to 200 °C, when acid is present in the films. These polymers were found applicable to patterning by NIR direct thermal lithography, in conjunction with a NIR dye and thermal acid generator. The presence of the phenyl groups at the 9‐site carbon was found necessary to eliminate fluorenone formation, and enhance the colour purity of the material.

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Anti‐obese property of fucoxanthin is partly mediated by altering lipid‐regulating enzymes and uncoupling proteins of visceral adipose tissue in mice
Authors: Woo Myoung‐Nam , Jeon Seon‐Min , Shin Young Chul , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Kang Mi Ae , Choi Myung‐Sook
Published: October 2009

This study investigated the anti‐obesity effects of fucoxanthin in diet‐induced obesity mice fed a high‐fat diet (20% fat, wt/wt). The mice were supplemented with two doses of fucoxanthin (0.05 and 0.2%, wt/wt) for 6 wk. Fucoxanthin significantly lowered body weight and visceral fat‐pads weights compared with the control group without altering food intake. In epididymal adipose tissue of fucoxanthin‐fed mice, adipocyte sizes and mRNA expression of lipogenic and fatty acid β‐oxidation enzymes were significantly altered in a dose‐dependent manner. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower in the fucoxanthin groups than in the control group, while the adiponectin level was elevated. Fucoxanthin significantly down‐regulated various lipogenic enzyme activities in epididymal adipose tissue with a simultaneous decrease in fatty acid β‐oxidation activity. The 0.2% fucoxanthin supplement led to increase mRNA expression of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1) and UCP‐3 in brown adipose tissue and that of UCP‐2 in the epididymal white adipose tissue. However, the 0.05% fucoxanthin only elevated UCP‐1 mRNA expression in epididymal white adipose tissue. These results suggest that the anti‐obesity effect of fucoxanthin could be mediated by altering lipid‐regulating enzymes and UCPs in the visceral fat tissues and plasma adipokine levels.
Pharmacokinetics & neurophysiology
Authors: Davis Andrew S. , Salpekar Jay A.
Published: October 2009

Medications administered in clinical practice obtain their therapeutic effect only to the extent that the drug is present in the appropriate concentration at the desired site. To achieve this goal, the prescribing clinician must be aware of how a drug may interact with the physiology of the patient. Pharmacokinetics is the study of this process with a focus on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug. This article reviews these four processes with a discussion of the effects of route of administration. Emphasis is given to the differences between pediatric and adult populations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Training school psychologists in psychopharmacology consultation
Authors: Roberts Holly J. , Floress Margaret T. , Ellis Cynthia R.
Published: October 2009

The number of children taking psychotropic medications has dramatically increased in recent years. These children typically take medication during school hours, thereby making the school setting an optimal venue in which evaluate the effectiveness of medications. Given their training in data‐based decision making, intervention, and assessment, school psychologists should be involved in the evaluation of medication effectiveness in children at school. However, many school psychology programs do not offer formal training in psychopharmacology. This article describes the American Psychological Association and National Association of School Psychologists standards for psychopharmacology training. Additionally, the article details how school psychologists can use the behavioral consultation model, described by Kratochwill & Bergan (1990) to evaluate the effectiveness of medications. Legal and ethical considerations are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical and typical antipsychotics in the schools
Authors: Noggle Chad A. , Dean Raymond S.
Published: October 2009

The use of antipsychotic medications within the school‐age population is rapidly increasing. Although typical antipsychotics may be used in rare cases, this influx is largely secondary to the availability of the atypical antipsychotics. Reduction of possible adverse effects and increased efficacy represent the primary basis for the atypical antipsychotics' popularity over traditional agents. Although these agents, as their name suggests, are most commonly used to alleviate positive, as well as some negative, symptoms of psychotic manifestations, empirical evidence has suggested their efficacy in the treatment of other presentations. These include bipolar disorder, Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, anorexia nervosa, and tic disorders. Discussion of antipsychotic agents and their use in these presentations is offered. Information on positive and negative outcomes, including school impact, is provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanowires for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Gao Q. , Joyce H. J. , Paiman S. , Kang J. H. , Tan H. H. , Kim Y. , Smith L. M. , Jackson H. E. , Yarrison‐Rice J. M. , Zhang X. , Zou J. , Jagadish C.
Published: October 2009

GaAs and InP based nanowires were grown epitaxially on GaAs or InP (111)B substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using Au nanoparticles as catalyst. In this paper, we will give an overview of nanowire research activities in our group. In particular, the effects of growth parameters for GaAs and InP nanowires on the crystal quality were studied in detail. We demonstrated the ability to obtain defect‐free GaAs nanowires via either two‐temperature procedure, or by controlling V/III ratio or growth rate. The crystal structure of InP nanowires, ie, WZ or ZB, can also be engineered by just controlling the V/III ratio. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)