bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Dynamic Effective Rooting Depth in Evapotranspiration Model Deepens Understanding of Evapotranspiration Partitioning Under Soil Moisture Gradients in China
Authors: Shao Rui , Zhang Baoqing , He Xiaogang
Published: October 2022

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of water cycle and is strongly modulated by below‐ground (e.g., dynamic effective rooting depth, Zr) and above‐ground (e.g., LAI and canopy height, CH) vegetation dynamics. Existing studies mainly focus on the effect of above‐ground vegetation dynamics on ET, while it is still unclear how Zr affects ET. Moreover, it is challenging to parameterize Zr dynamically in large‐scale hydrological and biogeochemical models due to data scarcity. Here, we estimate Zr in China from 1982 to 2015 based on Guswa's carbon cost‐benefit model, and update ET partitioning algorithm by replacing CH with Zr in PT‐JPLsm model to form the PT‐JPLzr model. We find that root mean square error (RMSE) between modeled (based on PT‐JPLzr model) and observed ET is 8.25% lower than that of PT‐JPLsm model at 16 in‐situ ET observation sites. Comparing with T/ET from the satellite‐based products, our results highlight the improved performance of PT‐JPLzr (R2 = 0.66) due to incorporated Zr, which is superior to that of PT‐JPLsm model (R2 = 0.62). Transpiration (T) limited by changes in soil moisture (SM) is more sensitive to Zr than CH. Thus, Zr improves the PT‐JPL model performance by affecting the sensitivity of T to soil moisture deficit. Moreover, SM and LAI are main drivers of T/ET spatial variability in drier and wetter regions, respectively. These findings highlight the critical role of Zr in regulating the effects of soil moisture deficit on ET.
Chemolithoautotroph distributions across the subsurface of a convergent margin
Authors: Rogers Timothy J , Buongiorno Joy , Jessen Gerdhard L , Schrenk Matthew O , Fordyce James A , de Moor J Maarten , Ramírez Carlos J , Barry Peter H , Yücel Mustafa , Selci Matteo , Cordone Angela , Giovannelli Donato , Lloyd Karen G
Published: October 2022

Subducting oceanic crusts release fluids rich in biologically relevant compounds into the overriding plate, fueling subsurface chemolithoautotrophic ecosystems. To understand the impact of subsurface geochemistry on microbial communities, we collected fluid and sediments from 14 natural springs across a ~200 km transect across the Costa Rican convergent margin and performed shotgun metagenomics. The resulting 404 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) cluster into geologically distinct regions based on MAG abundance patterns: outer forearc-only (25% of total relative abundance), forearc/arc-only (38% of total relative abundance), and delocalized (37% of total relative abundance) clusters. In the outer forearc, Thermodesulfovibrionia, Candidatus Bipolaricaulia, and Firmicutes have hydrogenotrophic sulfate reduction and Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) carbon fixation pathways. In the forearc/arc, Anaerolineae, Ca. Bipolaricaulia, and Thermodesulfovibrionia have sulfur oxidation, nitrogen cycling, microaerophilic respiration, and WL, while Aquificae have aerobic sulfur oxidation and reverse tricarboxylic acid carbon fixation pathway. Transformation-based canonical correspondence analysis shows that MAG distribution corresponds to concentrations of aluminum, iron, nickel, dissolved inorganic carbon, and phosphate. While delocalized MAGs appear surface-derived, the subsurface chemolithoautotrophic, metabolic, and taxonomic landscape varies by the availability of minerals/metals and volcanically derived inorganic carbon. However, the WL pathway persists across all samples, suggesting that this versatile, energy-efficient carbon fixation pathway helps shape convergent margin subsurface ecosystems.
Wide spectrum of neuronal and network phenotypes in human stem cell-derived excitatory neurons with Rett syndrome-associated MECP2 mutations
Authors: Mok Rebecca S. F. , Zhang Wenbo , Sheikh Taimoor I. , Pradeepan Kartik , Fernandes Isabella R. , DeJong Leah C. , Benigno Gabriel , Hildebrandt Matthew R. , Mufteev Marat , Rodrigues Deivid C. , Wei Wei , Piekna Alina , Liu Jiajie , Muotri Alysson R. , Vincent John B. , Muller Lyle , Martinez-Trujillo Julio , Salter Michael W. , Ellis James
Published: October 2022

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2 that is a global transcriptional regulator. Mutations in the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of MECP2 disrupt its interaction with methylated DNA. Here, we investigate the effect of a novel MECP2 L124W missense mutation in the MBD of an atypical RTT patient with preserved speech in comparison to severe MECP2 null mutations. L124W protein had a limited ability to disrupt heterochromatic chromocenters due to decreased binding dynamics. We isolated two pairs of isogenic WT and L124W induced pluripotent stem cells. L124W induced excitatory neurons expressed stable protein, exhibited increased input resistance and decreased voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents, and their neuronal dysmorphology was limited to decreased dendritic complexity. Three isogenic pairs of MECP2 null neurons had the expected more extreme morphological and electrophysiological phenotypes. We examined development and maturation of L124W and MECP2 null excitatory neural network activity using micro-electrode arrays. Relative to isogenic controls, L124W neurons had an increase in synchronous network burst frequency, in contrast to MECP2 null neurons that suffered a significant decrease in synchronous network burst frequency and a transient extension of network burst duration. A biologically motivated computational neural network model shows the observed changes in network dynamics are explained by changes in intrinsic Na+ and K+ currents in individual neurons. Our multilevel results demonstrate that RTT excitatory neurons show a wide spectrum of morphological, electrophysiological and circuitry phenotypes that are dependent on the severity of the MECP2 mutation.
Protein synthesis inhibition and loss of homeostatic functions in astrocytes from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model: a role for ER-mitochondria interaction
Authors: Tapella Laura , Dematteis Giulia , Moro Marianna , Pistolato Beatrice , Tonelli Elisa , Vanella Virginia Vita , Giustina Daniele , La Forgia Aleida , Restelli Elena , Barberis Elettra , Cali Tito , Brini Marisa , Villani Salvatore , Del Grosso Erika , Grilli Mariagrazia , Manfredi Marcello , Corazzari Marco , Grolla Ambra A. , Genazzani Armando A. , Lim Dmitry
Published: October 2022

Deregulation of protein synthesis and ER stress/unfolded protein response (ER stress/UPR) have been reported in astrocytes. However, the relationships between protein synthesis deregulation and ER stress/UPR, as well as their role in the altered homeostatic support of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) astrocytes remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that in astrocytic cell lines from 3xTg-AD mice (3Tg-iAstro) protein synthesis was impaired and ER-mitochondria distance was reduced. Here we show that impaired protein synthesis in 3Tg-iAstro is associated with an increase of p-eIF2α and downregulation of GADD34. Although mRNA levels of ER stress/UPR markers were increased two-three-fold, we found neither activation of PERK nor downstream induction of ATF4 protein. Strikingly, the overexpression of a synthetic ER-mitochondrial linker (EML) resulted in a reduced protein synthesis and augmented p-eIF2α without any effect on ER stress/UPR marker genes. In vivo, in hippocampi of 3xTg-AD mice, reduced protein synthesis, increased p-eIF2α and downregulated GADD34 protein were found, while no increase of p-PERK or ATF4 proteins was observed, suggesting that in AD astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, phosphorylation of eIF2α and impairment of protein synthesis are PERK-independent. Next, we investigated the ability of 3xTg-AD astrocytes to support metabolism and function of other cells of the central nervous system. Astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from 3Tg-iAstro cells significantly reduced protein synthesis rate in primary hippocampal neurons. When added as a part of pericyte/endothelial cell (EC)/astrocyte 3D co-culture, 3Tg-iAstro, but not WT-iAstro, severely impaired formation and ramification of tubules, the effect, replicated by EML overexpression in WT-iAstro cells. Finally, a chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) rescued protein synthesis, p-eIF2α levels in 3Tg-iAstro cells and tubulogenesis in pericyte/EC/3Tg-iAstro co-culture. Collectively, our results suggest that a PERK-independent, p-eIF2α-associated impairment of protein synthesis compromises astrocytic homeostatic functions, and this may be caused by the altered ER-mitochondria interaction.
Tmem65 is critical for the structure and function of the intercalated discs in mouse hearts
Authors: Teng Allen C. T. , Gu Liyang , Di Paola Michelle , Lakin Robert , Williams Zachary J. , Au Aaron , Chen Wenliang , Callaghan Neal I. , Zadeh Farigol Hakem , Zhou Yu-Qing , Fatah Meena , Chatterjee Diptendu , Jourdan L. Jane , Liu Jack , Simmons Craig A. , Kislinger Thomas , Yip Christopher M. , Backx Peter H. , Gourdie Robert G. , Hamilton Robert M. , Gramolini Anthony O.
Published: October 2022

The intercalated disc (ICD) is a unique membrane structure that is indispensable to normal heart function, yet its structural organization is not completely understood. Previously, we showed that the ICD-bound transmembrane protein 65 (Tmem65) was required for connexin43 (Cx43) localization and function in cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigate the functional and cellular effects of Tmem65 reductions on the myocardium in a mouse model by injecting CD1 mouse pups (3–7 days after birth) with recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) harboring Tmem65 shRNA, which reduces Tmem65 expression by 90% in mouse ventricles compared to scrambled shRNA injection. Tmem65 knockdown (KD) results in increased mortality which is accompanied by eccentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy within 3 weeks of injection and progression to dilated cardiomyopathy with severe cardiac fibrosis by 7 weeks post-injection. Tmem65 KD hearts display depressed hemodynamics as measured echocardiographically as well as slowed conduction in optical recording accompanied by prolonged PR intervals and QRS duration in electrocardiograms. Immunoprecipitation and super-resolution microscopy demonstrate a physical interaction between Tmem65 and sodium channel β subunit (β1) in mouse hearts and this interaction appears to be required for both the establishment of perinexal nanodomain structure and the localization of both voltage-gated sodium channel 1.5 (NaV1.5) and Cx43 to ICDs. Despite the loss of NaV1.5 at ICDs, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology did not reveal reductions in Na+ currents but did show reduced Ca2+ and K+ currents in Tmem65 KD cardiomyocytes in comparison to control cells. We conclude that disrupting Tmem65 function results in impaired ICD structure, abnormal cardiac electrophysiology, and ultimately cardiomyopathy.
A simple thermodynamic description of phase separation of Nup98 FG domains
Authors: Ng Sheung Chun , Görlich Dirk
Published: October 2022

The permeability barrier of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) controls nucleocytoplasmic transport. It retains inert macromolecules but allows facilitated passage of nuclear transport receptors that shuttle cargoes into or out of nuclei. The barrier can be described as a condensed phase assembled from cohesive FG repeat domains, including foremost the charge-depleted FG domain of Nup98. We found that Nup98 FG domains show an LCST-type phase separation, and we provide comprehensive and orthogonal experimental datasets for a quantitative description of this behaviour. A derived thermodynamic model correlates saturation concentration with repeat number, temperature, and ionic strength. It allows estimating the enthalpy, entropy, and ΔG (0.2 kJ/mol, 0.1 kB·T) contributions per repeat to phase separation and inter-repeat cohesion. While changing the cohesion strength strongly impacts the strictness of barrier, these numbers provide boundary conditions for in-depth modelling not only of barrier assembly but also of NPC passage.
Genome-wide functional screening of drug-resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Iwanaga Shiroh , Kubota Rie , Nishi Tsubasa , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Srichairatanakool Somdet , Shinzawa Naoaki , Syafruddin Din , Yuda Masao , Uthaipibull Chairat
Published: October 2022

The global spread of drug resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The identification of drug-resistance genes is an essential step toward solving the problem of drug resistance. Here, we report functional screening as a new approach with which to identify drug-resistance genes in P. falciparum. Specifically, a high-coverage genomic library of a drug-resistant strain is directly generated in a drug-sensitive strain, and the resistance gene is then identified from this library using drug screening. In a pilot experiment using the strain Dd2, the known chloroquine-resistant gene pfcrt is identified using the developed approach, which proves our experimental concept. Furthermore, we identify multidrug-resistant transporter 7 (pfmdr7) as a novel candidate for a mefloquine-resistance gene from a field-isolated parasite; we suggest that its upregulation possibly confers the mefloquine resistance. These results show the usefulness of functional screening as means by which to identify drug-resistance genes.
Exceptional catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction via two-dimensional graphene multilayer confined metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Lyu Siliu , Guo Chenxi , Wang Jianing , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Wang Liping , Xiao Jianping , Zhang Tao , Hou Yang
Published: October 2022

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in many renewable energy technologies such as water splitting and metal-air batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing to design efficient OER electrocatalysts, however, their intrinsic poor conductivity strongly hinders the activity. Here, we show a strategy to boost the OER activity of poor-conductive MOFs by confining them between graphene multilayers. The resultant NiFe-MOF//G gives a record-low overpotential of 106 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 and retains the activity over 150 h, which is in significant contrast to 399 mV of the pristine NiFe-MOF. We use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and computations to demonstrate that the nanoconfinement from graphene multilayers not only forms highly reactive NiO6-FeO5 distorted octahedral species in MOF structure but also lowers limiting potential for water oxidation reaction. We also demonstrate that the strategy is applicable to other MOFs of different structures to largely enhance their electrocatalytic activities.
Rapid protein assignments and structures from raw NMR spectra with the deep learning technique ARTINA
Authors: Klukowski Piotr , Riek Roland , Güntert Peter
Published: October 2022

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a major technique in structural biology with over 11,800 protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. NMR can elucidate structures and dynamics of small and medium size proteins in solution, living cells, and solids, but has been limited by the tedious data analysis process. It typically requires weeks or months of manual work of a trained expert to turn NMR measurements into a protein structure. Automation of this process is an open problem, formulated in the field over 30 years ago. We present a solution to this challenge that enables the completely automated analysis of protein NMR data within hours after completing the measurements. Using only NMR spectra and the protein sequence as input, our machine learning-based method, ARTINA, delivers signal positions, resonance assignments, and structures strictly without human intervention. Tested on a 100-protein benchmark comprising 1329 multidimensional NMR spectra, ARTINA demonstrated its ability to solve structures with 1.44 Å median RMSD to the PDB reference and to identify 91.36% correct NMR resonance assignments. ARTINA can be used by non-experts, reducing the effort for a protein assignment or structure determination by NMR essentially to the preparation of the sample and the spectra measurements.
Biferroelectricity of a homochiral organic molecule in both solid crystal and liquid crystal phases
Authors: Song Xian-Jiang , Chen Xiao-Gang , Liu Jun-Chao , Liu Qin , Zeng Yi-Piao , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Li Peng-Fei , Xiong Ren-Gen , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: October 2022

Ferroelectricity, existing in either solid crystals or liquid crystals, gained widespread attention from science and industry for over a century. However, ferroelectricity has never been observed in both solid and liquid crystal phases of a material simultaneously. Inorganic ferroelectrics that dominate the market do not have liquid crystal phases because of their completely rigid structure caused by intrinsic chemical bonds. We report a ferroelectric homochiral cholesterol derivative, β-sitosteryl 4-iodocinnamate, where both solid and liquid crystal phases can exhibit the behavior of polarization switching as determined by polarization–voltage hysteresis loops and piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. The unique long molecular chain, sterol structure, and homochirality of β-sitosteryl 4-iodocinnamate molecules enable the formation of polar crystal structures with point group 2 in solid crystal phases, and promote the layered and helical structure in the liquid crystal phase with vertical polarization. Our findings demonstrate a compound that can show the biferroelectricity in both solid and liquid crystal phases, which would inspire further exploration of the interplay between solid and liquid crystal ferroelectric phases.
Prophylactic antibiotics for postcataract surgery endophthalmitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 6.8 million eyes
Authors: Kato Ai , Horita Nobuyuki , Namkoong Ho , Nomura Eiichi , Masuhara Nami , Kaneko Takeshi , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Takeuchi Masaki
Published: October 2022

To reveal optimal antibiotic prophylactic regimen for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE), we conducted systematic review and network meta-analysis. A total of 51 eligible original articles, including two randomized controlled trials, were identified. In total, 4502 POE cases occurred in 6,809,732 eyes (0.066%). Intracameral injection of vancomycin had the best preventive effect (odds ratio [OR] 0.03, 99.6% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–0.53, corrected P-value = 0.006, P-score = 0.945) followed by intracameral injection of cefazoline (OR 0.09, 99.6% CI 0.02–0.42, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.821), cefuroxime (OR 0.18, 99.6% CI 0.09–0.35, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.660), and moxifloxacin (OR 0.36, 99.6% CI 0.16–0.79, corrected P-value = 0.003, P-score = 0.455). While one randomized controlled trial supported each of intracameral cefuroxime and moxifloxacin, no randomized controlled trial evaluated vancomycin and cefazoline. Sensitivity analysis focusing on the administration route revealed that only intracameral injection (OR 0.19, 99.4% CI 0.12–0.30, corrected P-value < 0.001, P-score = 0.726) significantly decreased the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. In conclusion, intracameral injection of either vancomycin, cefazoline, cefuroxime, or moxifloxacin prevented POE.
Interpregnancy interval and maternal and neonatal morbidity: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mühlrad Hanna , Björkegren Evelina , Haraldson Philip , Bohm-Starke Nina , Kopp Kallner Helena , Brismar Wendel Sophia
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to assess the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI)—the time from childbirth to conception of the next pregnancy—and maternal and neonatal morbidity. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends an IPI of at least 24 months after a live birth to reduce adverse birth outcomes. However, assessing the relationship between IPI and perinatal outcome is complicated by confounding factors. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Swedish registry data, allowing for adjustment of maternal characteristics and health at first birth. The study population consisted of all women with a singleton, live, and vaginal first birth with a second singleton birth within five years during 1997–2017, covering 327,912 women and 655,824 neonates. IPI was grouped into six-month intervals with 24–29 months as the reference. The association between IPI and morbidity was examined using multivariate logistic regression. For women having a vaginal delivery at their first birth, intervals < 24–29 months were associated with decreased maternal morbidity and unaffected neonatal morbidity. Intervals > 24–29 months were associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. Our findings question the relevance of WHO’s recommendation of an IPI of at least 24 months in a high-income country.
Facile fabrication of a portable PANI-NFs/c-MWCNT nano-composite electrochemical sensor for gefitinib: application to human plasma
Authors: Borg Hadir , Belal Fathalla , Draz Mohammed E.
Published: October 2022

A portable and green potentiometric sensor was fabricated and optimized for assay of gefitinib anticancer in plasma and pharmaceutical formulation. PANI-NFs/c-MWCNT nanocomposite was employed as an ion to electron transducer to enhance sensitivity.
An injectable vitreous substitute with sustained release of metformin for enhanced uveal melanoma immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Muyue , Li Jipeng , Liu Zeyang , Zhang Haiyang , Liu Jin , Liu Yan , Zhuang Ai , Zhou Huifang , Gu Ping , Fan Xianqun
Published: October 2022

IVS-Met is composed of Pluronic F-127 and metformin. It can be readily injected at room temperature while forming a stable gel in eyeballs. IVS-Met inhibited the growth and metastasis of UM by modulating TAMs and repairing vitreous defects.
Molecular–substrate interaction on dynamic SERS detection of butylated hydroxyanisole on a silver nano-tripod substrate
Authors: Liu Zhenglin , Zhang Qian , Zhong Xiao , Han Caiqin
Published: October 2022

A SERS enhancement model with a surface adsorption effect is proposed by dynamical SERS analysis of butylated hydroxyanisole on a silver nano-tripod substrate.
Pressurized formic acid dehydrogenation: an entropic spring replaces hydrogen compression cost
Authors: Do Van K. , Alfonso Vargas Nicolas , Chavez Anthony J. , Zhang Long , Cherepakhin Valeriy , Lu Zhiyao , Currier Robert P. , Dub Pavel A. , Gordon John C. , Williams Travis J.
Published: October 2022

Several catalysts are shown to evolve useful H2 pressure from formic acid dehydrogenation, to replace compression cost with reaction entropy. Many of them rely on trace CO to initiate effectively. Mechanistic rationale and applications are discussed.
Carboxylic acid ligand substituent impacts hydrosilylation activity of platinum single atom catalysts on ceria
Authors: Maciulis Nicholas A. , Wasim Eman , Rezvani Fereshteh , Pink Maren , Sterbinsky George E. , Caulton Kenneth G. , Tait Steven L.
Published: October 2022

Carboxylic acid substitution in 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione ligands bind to surface hydroxy groups and result in higher ligand loading for metal–ligand single-atom Pt catalysts on CeO2, thereby allowing excellent hydrosilylation catalysis.
Functionalized ceria–niobium supported nickel catalysts for gas phase semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene
Authors: Shittu Toyin , Khaleel Abbas , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Altarawneh Mohammednoor
Published: October 2022

We illustrated a complete and selective gas phase hydrogenation of phenylacetylene into styrene over a Ni-NbCeOx catalyst. Optimum operational conditions for this reaction are presented.
Accelerated Fenton degradation of azo dye wastewater via a novel Z-scheme CoFeN-g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst with excellent charge transfer under visible light irradiation
Authors: Miao Shihao , Gao Hongcheng , Xia Hongyu , Mao Xiaoxia , Zhang Lijuan , Shi Mengqin , Zhang Yuanguang
Published: October 2022

A schematic illustration of the photo-Fenton degradation of azo dyes by a Z-scheme CFN-CN1 heterojunction under visible light irradiation.
Efficient and thermally stable broadband near-infrared emission in a garnet Gd3In2Ga3O12:Cr3+ phosphor
Authors: Li Chaojie , Zhong Jiyou , Jiang Huan , Shi Peng
Published: October 2022

A broadband garnet Gd3In2Ga3O12:Cr3+ NIR phosphor was successfully developed, and it has an optimized Cr3+ doping concentration as high as 9 mol%, generating a high quantum yield (85.3%) and ultra-high absorption efficiency (49.1%).
Salecan ameliorates liver injury by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites
Authors: Li Panpan , Liu Yanjun , Zhao Juan , Pan Wenjie , He Yuan , Fu Shunzhe , Liu Yuanfa , Xu Yong-Jiang
Published: October 2022

Salecan ameliorates liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and the gut microbiota.
Gastric digestion of cow milk, almond milk and oat milk in rats
Authors: Wang Xin , Wolber Frances M. , Ye Aiqian , Stroebinger Natascha , Hamlin Aimee , Zhu Peter , Montoya Carlos A. , Singh Harjinder
Published: October 2022

In this study, gastric digestion of isocaloric and iso-macronutrient cow milk, almond milk and oat milk were compared in rats euthanized at different post-feeding times.
Green-solvent-processed formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with uniform grain growth and strengthened interfacial contact via a nanostructured tin oxide layer
Authors: Wu Xueyun , Zheng Yiting , Liang Jianghu , Zhang Zhanfei , Tian Congcong , Zhang Zhiang , Hu Yixuan , Sun Anxin , Wang Chenyang , Wang Jianli , Huang Ying , Zhang Zhifu , Reddy Kolan Madhav , Chen Chun-Chao
Published: October 2022

This work demonstrates a green-solvent-processed FA-based perovskite film based on a SnO2-NR substrate with Cl-terminated bifunctional supramolecule passivation and has achieved a highest PCE of 22.42% with long-term stability.
Palladium-catalyzed annulative π-extension of o-halobiphenyls with o-chloropyridinecarboxylic acids to access azatriphenylenes
Authors: Cheng Shu-Lin , Fan Xin-Yue , Zhu Ji-Fa , Wang Bi-Qin , Shi Yingbo , Feng Chun , Xiang Shi-Kai
Published: October 2022

A palladium-catalyzed bay-region annulative π-extension reaction of o-halobiphenyls with o-chloropyridinecarboxylic acids was developed. A variety of azatriphenylene derivatives could be synthesized by this approach.
Divergent cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkylsulfonylation of enamides under organophotoredox catalytic conditions
Authors: Golagani Durga , Ghouse Abuthayir Mohamathu , Ajmeera Sriram , Akondi Srirama Murthy
Published: October 2022

An organophotoredox catalyzed divergent cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkylsulfonylation of enamides is described.
Oxathiaborolium-catalyzed enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Soumendranath , Boobalan Ramalingam , Chein Rong-Jie
Published: October 2022

The one-pot-prepared oxathiaborolium pentachlorostannate is an excellent Lewis acid and is successfully used to catalyze the [2 + 2] cycloadditions of N-substituted maleimides and silyl enol ethers with excellent enantioselectivities.
Using precision polymer chemistry for plastics traceability and governance
Authors: Johnson Hope , Chambers Lewis C. , Holloway Joshua O. , Bousgas Annastasia , Akhtar-Khavari Afshin , Blinco James , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2022

Resolving the anonymity of plastic materials is critical for safeguarding the well-being of our natural environments and human health.
Study of molar properties of GO after doping with transition metals for photodegradation of fluorescent dyes
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Dave Riddhi P. , Dev Sachin , Singh Man
Published: October 2022

We synthesize and characterise graphene oxide doped with transition metal ions, and calculate the Mark–Houwink constants, determining methylene blue degradation efficiency.
Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ag+, Mn+ and Ar+ ions implanted ZnO thin films: effect of implantation dose and stopping energy
Authors: Lim Weon Cheol , Singh Jitendra Pal , Song Jonghan , Seong Tae-Yeon , Chae Keun Hwa
Published: October 2022

Dominant changes in structural, optical, and magnetic properties were observed at the highest dose of implanted ions with larger ionic radii which is due to the large number of produced defects in the host.
Photo fermentative biohydrogen production potential using microalgae–activated sludge co-digestion in a sequential flow batch reactor (SFBR)
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asad , Aly Hassan Ashraf
Published: October 2022

Biohydrogen (bioH2) is a sustainable energy source that can produce carbon-free energy upon combustion.
Optimized study of the annealing effect on the electrical and structural properties of HDLC thin-films
Authors: Biswas Hari Shankar , Datta Jagannath , Mandal Prasenjit , Poddar Sandeep , Kundu Amit Kumar , Saha Indranil
Published: October 2022

The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique has been utilized for the facile surface deposition of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (HDLC) thin-films onto Si(100) substrates.
SnSe2 monolayer with square lattice structure: a promising p-type thermoelectric material with an indirect bandgap and low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Tang Shuwei , Wu Mengxiu , Bai Shulin , Luo Dongming , Zhang Jingyi , Wan Da , Li Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

A SnSe2 monolayer with the square lattice structure is a potential p-type thermoelectric material with low lattice thermal conductivity and excellent power factor.
Reliability evaluation of the renewable energy‐based microgrids considering resource variation
Authors: Nargeszar Ayoub , Ghaedi Amir , Nafar Mehdi , Simab Mohsen
Published: October 2022

A suitable mixture of renewable resources including wind, tidal and photovoltaic units can be used in the microgrids installed in coastal areas or islands. However, the variation in the renewable resources such as wind speed, tidal current speed and solar radiation is significant that affects the reliability performance of these microgrids. Thus, to accurately evaluate the reliability of the microgrids, the failure rate of composed components affected by the variation in the renewable resources must be considered. To study the impact of variation in the temperature and renewable resources on the failure rate of components, different equations including Arrhenius law, temperature modification factor, fatigue strength, bending and contact stress, limit state function of turbine, thermal loss of semiconductor devices, the temperature rise of transformer and cable, the temperature coefficient of voltage and power of photovoltaic panels are developed. According to the developed equations, the components failure rate, and consequently the failure rate of the microgrid considering the variation in the temperature and renewable resources are determined. Then, by simulation, the impact of different energy sources on the failure rate of the whole system is evaluated and the reliability in a microgrid consisting of offshore renewable energy sources will be studied.
Design and fabrication of an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter with soft‐switching capability to implement in renewable energy systems
Authors: Jouzdani Marzieh Mohammadi , Shaneh Mahdi , Nouri Tohid
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a soft‐switching non‐isolated interleaved high step‐up topology to implement in renewable energy systems. By using low number of power electronic devices and incorporation with the coupled inductors (CIs) and built‐in transformer (BIT), simultaneously, mixed with a voltage multiplier cell (VMC), an ultra‐large gain can be obtained. In addition, the interlevead structure in the input side causes to diminish the input current ripple. Moreover, the automatic current sharing is another characteristic of the proposed converter. The voltage stresses across power semiconductors are decreased by increasing the turns ratio of the implemented CIs and BIT and also reverse recovery losses are attenuated which improves the efficiency. Furthermore, zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) condition for diodes is achieved at turn off instant, due to the leakage inductances of the magnetic means. Also, power MOSFETs are switched with zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) performance by adding active clamp. A 600‐W experimental prototype with 24‐V input to 400‐V output voltage at a switching frequency of 100 kHz is built and tested to examine the merits of the proposed topology
Rectus Femoris Muscle Composition: Association with Sports
Performance and Playing Position in Female Soccer Players
Authors: Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Varol Umut , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , López-de-Uralde-Villanueva Ibai , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Gual-Pizarro Jaime
Published: October 2022

Background Quadriceps muscle plays a relevant role in soccer as its
function is determinant for sprinting, jumping and striking the ball. Although
ultrasound demonstrated to be useful in risk of injury prevention and monitoring
post-injury rehabilitation, no studies analyzed the ultrasound muscle histology
with sports performance tests. We aimed to analyze the correlation between
ultrasound findings related to rectus femoris morphology and composition with
sports performance indicators and to analyze sociodemographic, sports
performance and ultrasound differences according to playing position.

Methods An observational study was conducted at the CFF OLYMPIA soccer
club (Madrid, Spain). Twenty-two semi-professional female soccer players were
enrolled in this study. Sociodemographic data, bilateral ultrasound measurements
of the rectus femoris muscle and sports performance tests (Counter Movement Jump
-CMJ-, The Sprint Repeat Ability -SRA-, and one Repetition Maximum -1RM-) were
collected.

Results No correlations between ultrasound imaging and sports performance
indicators were found. Significant correlations between cross-sectional area and
perimeter with age (p<0.05) and fatty infiltration with body mass index
and tight perimeter (p<0.05) were seen. No muscle ultrasound morphology
or quality differences were found between the playing positions
(p>0.05). Finally, most of the functional tests showed no
between-position differences (except SRA between goalkeepers and attackers).

Conclusion Although muscle morphology and quality are associated with
demographic features, US should not be used as a predictor of sports performance
in female football players since no association between US and sports
performance were observed. Similar US and functional test scores were obtained
among the different playing positions.
Evaluation of the complete Sniffin Sticks Test versus its subtests in differentiating Parkinson's disease patients from healthy controls
Authors: Trentin Sheila , Oliveira Bruno Samuel Fraiman de , Borges Yuri Ferreira Felloni , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello
Published: October 2022

Background Hyposmia is one of the most common, as well as the first nonmotor condition in Parkinson disease (PD). The sniffin sticks test (SST) evaluates three different aspects of olfactory function: threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I). The sum of the scores of these three subtests produce a global score of olfaction, the Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate if the TDI score or one of its subtests is better to discriminate PD patients from controls.

Methods We recruited 27 PD patients and 17 healthy age-matched controls (HC) who were evaluated through a clinical interview, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Movement Disorders Society – Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. The olfaction was assessed using the complete SST.

Results The performance of PD patients on the olfactory test was significantly worse when compared with the HC (T: 3.0 vs. 6.5, p < 0.001; D: 8.1 vs. 11.2, p < 0.001; I: 7.3 vs. 11.7, p < 0.001; TDI: 18.8 vs. 29.9, p < 0.001). The prevalence of olfaction impairment in our study (PD: 100%, and HC: 56%) was greater than that found in the literature. Cognition influenced the performance on TDI. The olfactory subtests were impaired proportionally between patients and controls. Furthermore, D and I were correlated, but only in PD patients. The TDI showed a tendency to better discriminate PD patients from HC, when compared with its subtests.

Conclusions Although the complete olfactory evaluation is time consuming, it seems to be a superior tool to identify olfaction impairment in PD patients, when compared with the isolated subtests.
Lateral Horizontal Head Position Approach for the Lateral and Anterior Third Ventricles: A Subependymoma Clinical Case and Literature Review
Authors: Doğu Hüseyin , Akdemir Hidayet , Çetin Sırma
Published: October 2022

Subependymomas are benign, slow-growing, noninvasive solitary lesions of World Health Organization Grade I cerebral ependymal origin that are rare compared with other types of ependymomas. Anterior third ventricle subependymomas are usually detected during autopsies in cases of sudden death due to acute or intermittent obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid passage. Different surgical approaches are used for these cerebral lateral and third ventricular lesions. Serious complications can occur, either because of brain edema and acute intracranial pressure due to the lesion itself or the chosen head position and continuous use of brain retractors during the surgical procedure.

In this case report, we trust that the surgical principles we applied with the aid of two cotton pads, gravity assist, and lateral horizontal head position, and without continuous use of brain retractors in the third ventricular lesion in the transcallosal interhemispheric approach are safe and secure in preventing perioperative brain edema or early postoperative neurological complications.
Designing an evaluation system to assess professional ability training in police colleges
Authors: Wang Qilei
Published: October 2022

Drawing on the main characteristics of police professional education, this paper proposes an evaluation index system consisting of four subsystems and their index sets, in which society, police units, colleges, and students themselves jointly participate. The objective of this paper is to extract both subjective and objective evaluation information to develop an effective evaluation index system for professional education in police colleges. This paper uses a method based on improved information entropy to determine the weight of each index in the evaluation system, employs this weight calculation function to determine the subjective and objective weights of each index comprehensively, evaluates the professional education of police colleges using the improved fuzzy matter-element model, and verifies the training situation faced by graduates of the police university. The results show that combined with the evaluation system thus constructed, the entropy weight and fuzzy element model exhibit strong integrity and systematicity with respect to the evaluation of professional education in police colleges and that the evaluations produced by this approach are consistent with expert analysis. The evaluation thus becomes more comprehensive and objective and receives more social recognition.
Electrical hysteresis characteristics in photogenerated currents on laser-beam-derived in-plane lateral 1D MoS2-Schottky junctions
Authors: Kosugi M. , Obata R. , Otsuka K. , Kuroyama K. , Du S. , Maruyama S. , Hirakawa K. , Haruyama J.
Published: October 2022

Atomically thin two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide materials with van der Waals integration provide various interesting optoelectronic characteristics that can be used to realize highly efficient flexible solar cells and photosensors. We previously reported in-plane lateral one-dimensional Schottky junctions (SJs) on few-atom-layer 2H-phase semiconductor-molybdenum disulfide by forming a 1T′-metal phase using laser beam (LB) irradiation and clarified their unique optoelectronic properties. Although the LB-derived 1T′/2H phase SJs provided efficient photocurrent generation, they had a large number of defects owing to the excess heat accumulation caused by the LB. Here, we observe partial electric hysteresis properties in photogenerated currents (Iphoto) on the SJs under reverse bias voltage regions and reveal that they are very sensitive to the voltage sweep direction and its switching (holding) time. The properties persist under dark ambient conditions for a few minutes, even after photo-irradiation is complete. The temperature dependence reveals that a defect-derived deep carrier trap-center, which is unique to the present 1T′ phase, can be the cause of these phenomena. A larger Iphoto and an increase in photogeneration efficiency are obtained by eliminating this trap center through thermal annealing. In contrast, it is expected that these hysteresis properties lead to atomically thin photo-memristor devices for opto-neuromorphic systems.
Characteristics of vortex shedding in the wake of a sphere with a uniaxial through-hole
Authors: Kato Hayato , Takamure Kotaro , Uchiyama Tomomi
Published: October 2022

Wake flows have significant effects on vehicles, buildings, and other objects encountered in daily life. Thus, wake control techniques are of practical importance and have been extensively investigated. One passive wake-control technique is to create a vent on a bluff body, which has been determined to be effective for wake control on a circular cylinder but has not been sufficiently studied for wake control on a sphere. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the vent angle on the characteristics of the wake of a sphere. A sphere with a uniaxial through-hole (vent) was placed in a uniform flow, and the vent angle was varied in the streamwise direction. The Strouhal number in the high-frequency and low-frequency modes was examined. The flow field in the sphere wake varied with respect to the vent angle. Three frequency modes (high, low, and very low), the occurrence of a switching phenomenon, wherein the velocity fluctuated between positive and negative values, and high-frequency energy injection by the vent were observed. In addition, a high dominant frequency was observed only in the positive velocity fluctuation region.
Research on net carbon emissions, influencing factor analysis, and model construction based on a neural network model in the BTH region
Authors: Ren Feng , Guo Mengyuan
Published: October 2022

Scientific prediction of net carbon emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is of significance to examine carbon emission reduction in the context of the “double carbon” target. In this study, the carbon peak and carbon neutrality states in the BTH region are determined through a regional double carbon target analysis framework, and a logistic chaotic sparrow search algorithm backpropagation neural network hybrid model (LCSSA-BP) optimized by a logistic chaotic sparrow search algorithm (LCSSA) is used to forecast the net carbon emissions. The findings reveal that the net carbon emissions in the BTH region generally increased during the study period; Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are in different stages toward the realization of the double carbon target; population size, affluence, and urbanization rate are positively correlated, whereas the proportion of foreign direct investment and energy intensity is negatively associated with net carbon emissions; the prediction accuracy of the LCSSA-BP is superior to that of the SSA-BP and BP neural network, and it can be used to forecast the net carbon emissions in the BTH region.
Association between
Authors: Lee Kyong-No , Song Eunjin , Lee Sukjeong , Cho Iseop , Kim Hyeon Ji , Park Jee Yoon , Oh Kyung Joon
Published: October 2022

Context The number of women who achieve pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), is increasing worldwide. Placenta-mediated diseases associated with ART, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, disorders of placental implantation, and placental abruption, are also increasing. Aims To determine the association between placental pathologies and IVF-ET in women with preterm births. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined archived placenta specimens of women who achieved pregnancy through either spontaneous conception or IVF-ET. In total, 1677 women with singleton pregnancies who gave birth consecutively between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and underwent placental pathologic evaluation between April 2013 and October 2018 were included. Data from all pathologic reports were reviewed. Key results The IVF-ET group had a higher median maternal age and rate of nulliparity than the natural conception group. The incidence rate of obstetric complications, except preterm premature rupture of membranes and placenta previa, was similar in both groups. The IVF-ET group had a higher incidence rate of placental infarction than the natural conception group (26.4% vs 16.4%, P = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that IVF, hypertensive disorders, and fetal growth restriction were significantly associated with placental infarction. Conclusions IVF-ET was independently associated with the risk of placental infarction in women with preterm births. Implications The use of IVF-ET may cause abnormal placental formation with an increased risk of anatomical and vascular pathology, which are observed in preterm deliveries and may contribute to pregnancy complications.
Conformal prediction under feedback covariate shift for biomolecular design
Authors: Fannjiang Clara , Bates Stephen , Angelopoulos Anastasios N. , Listgarten Jennifer , Jordan Michael I.
Published: October 2022

Many applications of machine-learning methods involve an iterative protocol in which data are collected, a model is trained, and then outputs of that model are used to choose what data to consider next. For example, a data-driven approach for designing proteins is to train a regression model to predict the fitness of protein sequences and then use it to propose new sequences believed to exhibit greater fitness than observed in the training data. Since validating designed sequences in the wet laboratory is typically costly, it is important to quantify the uncertainty in the model’s predictions. This is challenging because of a characteristic type of distribution shift between the training and test data that arises in the design setting—one in which the training and test data are statistically dependent, as the latter is chosen based on the former. Consequently, the model’s error on the test data—that is, the designed sequences—has an unknown and possibly complex relationship with its error on the training data. We introduce a method to construct confidence sets for predictions in such settings, which account for the dependence between the training and test data. The confidence sets we construct have finite-sample guarantees that hold for any regression model, even when it is used to choose the test-time input distribution. As a motivating use case, we use real datasets to demonstrate how our method quantifies uncertainty for the predicted fitness of designed proteins and can therefore be used to select design algorithms that achieve acceptable tradeoffs between high predicted fitness and low predictive uncertainty.