bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Health Education in Improving Menstrual Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Adolescent Girls of Rural India
Authors: Dharmalingam Gracy Paulin , M Megala , S Prarthana
Published: November 2022

Introduction : Menstruation is still surrounded by many myths, misconceptions and taboos. Adolescent girls in India, seems to have inadequate and inaccurate knowledge on menstruation and its hygiene. Improper menstrual hygiene can lead to reproductive tract infections which can adversely affect a woman's reproductive health. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of health education in improving the knowledge on menstruation and menstrual hygiene practice among rural adolescent girls of India. Method:An interventional study was done among 82 college girls selected by convenient sampling in a rural area of Tamilnadu, India. Intervention done was health education on menstrual physiology and hygiene practice using animated video and interactive session in local language. Questionnaire on knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene practice was administered to the participants before health education session. Improvement in knowledge and practice was assessed after one month of the session. Results: Baseline knowledge about menstruation was adequate only for 57.5 percent of participants. Baseline menstrual hygiene practice was good only among 8.8 percent of participants. Following health education, knowledge about menstruation significantly improved to 90%. Menstrual hygiene practice also showed a significant improvement from 8.8% to 30 percent%. Conclusion: This study showed that providing a comprehensive health education on menstrual physiology and hygiene would greatly improve the menstrual hygiene practice of adolescent girls.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Undergraduate Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Seth Nirali , Laskar Ananya Ray , Rasania S.K. , Yadav Kartikey
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Depression, anxiety, and stress among medical undergraduate students are often underrecognized and undertreated. Prolonged online classes in the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in tremendous psychological stress among students. Objective: To assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among medical students during the COVID pandemic and the associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students in a medical college in Delhi. A self-administrated questionnaire, containing general information (on-screen time, death or hospitalization in family due to COVID) and the DASS-21 version, was circulated to students enrolled before 2020. Data collected was tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 550 students, 345 (62.7%) participated in the study, of which 341 gave consent. High frequencies of depression 214 (62.8%), anxiety 199 (58.3%) and stress 150 (43.7%) were reported. Significant association was found between the determinants like hectic online classes and curbs on travelling and socializing. Conclusion: The high burden of depression, anxiety and stress detected among the students is a pointer towards a negative impact of online classes that can negatively impact academic performance, professionalism and empathy towards patients.
A sessant’anni da La marcia su Roma di Dino Risi
Authors: Gagliardo Alberto
Published: November 2022

The sixty years since the release of Dino Risi’s film offer us the opportunity to rethink the 100th anniversary of the March on Rome, avoiding, however, the risks of a commemorative excess. Furthermore, thanks to the antirhetorical character of the Italian comedy, the film allows to retrace the takeover of fascism with communication methods more suitable for a wide and non-specialistic audience, including students.
Pelatihan Deteksi Dini Cancer (Ca) Mammae dan Pemeriksaan SADARI Pada Kader Kesehatan
Authors: Hidayati Ratna
Published: November 2022

Cancer mammae di Indonesia merupakan penyakit cancer dengan insiden 26 per 100.000 perempuan, suatu keganasan yang dapat dicegah sedini mungkin dengan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI). Permasalahan terjadi karena kurang pengetahuan dan kepedulian terhadap kelainan yang muncul pada payudara perempuan. Tujuan pelatihan ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kader kesehatan tentang deteksi dini Ca mammae dan pemeriksaan SADARI. Metode dilaksanakan dengan memberikan pelatihan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran problem-based learning, materi dan demonstrasi tentang deteksi dini Ca mammae dan pemeriksaan SADARI di Desa Tertek, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri, pada bulan Maret 2022. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah kader kesehatan sebanyak 21 orang. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan yang semula dari kategori kurang (42,8%) menjadi cukup (38,1%) dan baik (58,1%). Manfaat dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mensosialisasikan ke keluarga masing-masing sehingga cakupan masyarakat yang memahami deteksi dini Ca mammae dan pemeriksaan teknik SADARI menjadi lebih luas.
Upaya Peningkatan Angka Penjualan di Kelurahan Rungkut Menanggal melalui Program Pendampingan Digital Marketing UMKM Pengrajin Kain Batik
Authors: Ramadhania Shally Urfa , Hayati Kinanti Resmi , Supriyono Supriyono , Sugito Sugito
Published: November 2022

Pemasaran digital saat ini memainkan peranan yang sangat penting. Hal ini membuka peluang bagi para UMKM untuk dapat mengembangkan dan meningkatkan eksistensinya dengan memanfaatkan sosial media sebagai sebuah medium dalam melaksanakan pemasaran produknya. Dalam jurnal ini mengkaji sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok 5 KKN-T MBKM yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan angka penjualan pada UMKM batik "Andyni Collection" dengan melakukan pembaruan foto produk, pembaruan kemasan, hingga pembaruan akun Instagram. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara kepada pelaku UMKM Tas Batik “Andyni Collection” yang mana akan dilakukan sebuah perbandingan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pemasaran digital ini. Kemudian didapatlah hasil bahwa program pendampingan pemasaran digital UMKM Tas Batik “Andyni Collection” mampu meningkatkan angka penjualan dan kenaikan omset dibandingkan bulan sebelumnya.
Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di SMP Islam At-Thohariyah Telukjambe Timur Karawang
Authors: Kertayasa Herdian , Dilla Zainuri Rahma , Sasmita Mitra , Annisa Qorrie , Fudholi Agus , Budi Utomo Ainur Alam , Haerudin Haerudin , Masruroh Siti
Published: November 2022

Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Islam At-Thohariyah Telukjambe Timur Kabupaten Karawang dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi kepada siswa tentang pemahaman moderasi beragama sejak dini, menguatkan jiwa nasionalisme dan cinta tanah air serta menolak segala bentuk faham radikalisme.  Karena akhir-akhir ini tidak sedikit siswa yang terpapar faham kekerasan, diskriminasi, anti-sosial bahkan menjurus kepada radikalisme. Sehingga perlu penguatan dengan wawasan kebangsaan oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat khususnya di SMP Islam At-Thohariyah Telukjambe Timur Karawang.  Metode dan pendampingan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah PAR (Participatory Action Research). Langkah-langkah kegiatan meliputi perencanaan (plan), tindakan (action), pengamatan (observe) dan refleksi (reflect). Moderasi beragama menjadi sebuah proses untuk menguatkan pembenaran dan meyakini agama yang dipeluk, disertai dengan pemberian ruang kepada orang lain atau agama lain untuk memeluk agamanya masing-masing. Hal tersebut dapat dicapai melalui adanya pendekatan edukatif dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai perdamaian yang kemudian diinternalisasikan ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan sekolah. Dengan demikian, tindakan kekerasan, radikalisme, ekstremisme, dan tindakan buruk lainnya dapat ditangani dengan baik sedari dini. Tim pengabdian memfokuskan untuk langsung mensosialisasikan kepada siswa/siswi dalam penguatan moderasi beragama di sekolah. Hasil pengabdian ini dapat membentuk siswa/siswi yang berpandangan moderat terkait keberagamaan dan kebernegaraan mereka tertutama dalam kehidupan sosial di sekolah dan di masyarakat.
Teknologi Pengolahan Mi Sehat pada Ibu PKK Desa Wedoroklurak Kecamatan Candi Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Sri Rejeki Fungki , Puspitasari Diana , Noerhartati Endang , Revitriani Marina , Wedowati Endang Retno
Published: November 2022

Mi banyak dikonsumsi sebagai alternatif pengganti nasi yang sangat disukai anak-anak. Ditinjau dari kandungan nutrisinya, nilai gizi mi tergolong rendah karena hanya sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Untuk itu diperlukan fortifikasi pada produk mi agar nilai gizinya meningkat. Sayuran, buah dan ikan mempunyai potensi untuk ditambahkan pada produk mi, karena jenisnya yang cukup banyak dan mengandung vitamin, mineral, serat pangan dan protein yang sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan gizi. Sebagai penyedia pangan keluarga, ibu rumah tangga berperan penting untuk menyediakan makanan yang bergizi, sehat dan bersih, sehingga diperlukan pengetahuan dan teknologi pengolahan mi sehat tanpa menggunakan bahan tambahan pangan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan ibu rumah tangga tentang pengolahan mi sehat secara tepat guna, serta memberikan pilihan produk olahan untuk berwirausaha. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah ibu-ibu PKK Desa Wedoroklurak, Kecamatan Candi, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Setelah kegiatan selesai, sebanyak 90% ibu menyatakan bahwa telah memahami proses pembuatan mi sehat, dan sebanyak 90 % ibu menyatakan tertarik untuk membuat mi sehat. Semua ibu tertarik untuk membuat mi sehat dan menyajikannya sebagai menu keluarga, dan hanya ada seorang ibu yang tertarik untuk mencoba berwirausaha mi sehat ini sebagai pengembangan industri mi kering yang sudah digelutinya.
Pemanfaatan Buah Pepaya Sebagai Manisan Di Desa Niur Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Seluma
Authors: Feni Rita , Mardianti Sunita , Marwan Edy , Yawahar Jon , Ningsih Fitria
Published: November 2022

Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan buah yang diminati oleh sebagian besar masyarakat, mengingat buah pepaya dapat di konsumsi dalam bentuk buah segar ataupun menjadi bahan olahan makanan ringan seperti manisan. Desa Niur merupakan salah satu Desa di Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Seluma Provinsi Bengkulu yang mempunyai potensi pertanian bercocok tanam baik tanaman pangan maupun holtikultura termasuk tanaman pepaya. Tujuan dari kegiatan memberikan penambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari mitra pengabdi dan memberikan alternative peluang untuk kegiatan usaha pembuatan manisan pepaya. Pelaksaan kegiatan ini berlangsung pada bulan Februari 2022, dengan hasil kegiatan pengabdian Ibu-ibu KWT Butterfly sangat antusias terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan manisan dengan buah pepaya. Hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan ini memberikan peluang usaha bagi masyarakat di desa tersebut untuk membuka usaha rumah tangga manisan pepaya.
PRINCIPLES FOR CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES ON THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Authors: BOGONENKO V.
Published: November 2022

On the example of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, the main principles (principles) of the implementation of activities on the use of atomic energy are considered. The norms of domestic legislation and the provisions of international acts in the field of carrying out activities on the use of atomic energy are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on national legislation on the use of atomic energy, on environmental protection, and on industrial and radiation safety. The legal characteristics of individual institutions of nuclear law are given. The foreign legal experience related to the activity on the use of atomic energy is considered. References are made to IAEA materials. The practice of international legal regulation of relations on the use of atomic energy and nuclear activity in general is touched upon. During the study, formal-logical, private law methods, as well as a comparative legal method were used. Conclusions are drawn regarding the topic of the study.
ON GUARANTEES OF PREVENTING THE USE OF THE INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN ORDER TO UNDERMINE NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE DEFENSE CAPABILITY OF THE STATE: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: GONCHAROV V.
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of guarantees against the use of the institution of public control in order to undermine national security and the defense capability of the state. The article analyzes the role and importance of democratic principles in the formation and functioning of the apparatus of public power in the process of strengthening national security and defense capability of the Russian Federation as a condition for ensuring the preservation and development of national society and the state and countering any external and internal threats to these processes. The author substantiates the position according to which the institution of public control, despite the fact that it is the most important legal guarantee for the implementation, protection and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of Russian citizens in the management of state affairs, can be used by both external and internal opponents of increasing democratic principles in public administration, as an instrument of destructive pressure on the apparatus the public authorities in the country in order to destabilize it, destroy the key principles of organization and activity. In this regard, the article formalizes and substantiates a system of recommendations and proposals for optimizing the system of guarantees, through which the risks of using the institute of public control in violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of its citizens in order to undermine national security and the defense capability of the state will be minimized.
CRIMINALIZATION OF ACTS CAUSING HARM TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PRODUCTION AND TURNOVER OF PRODUCTS IN THE CRIMINAL LEGICLATION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Authors: SHCHARBAK K.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the approaches of legislators of the CIS member states in countering encroachments on relations that ensure the protection of life and health of the population in the production and turnover of products by criminal legal means. The author conducts a comparative legal analysis of the relevant provisions of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus with other CIS countries in order to identify similarities and differences. Based on the analysis, the possibility of borrowing the provisions of foreign legislation in order to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus is considered.
APPROACHES TO THE PERIODIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL THOUGHT IN BELARUS
Authors: SHCHERBIK D.
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the existing approaches to the periodization of the history of political and legal thought. Classical approaches are considered and analyzed from the point of view of their applicability for periodization of the history of political and legal thought in Belarus. The author points out the difficulties that arise in their application. He develops his own approach to the periodization of domestic political and legal thought.
SMALL BUSINESS: DIRECTIONS OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY GROWTH
Authors: KRAMARENKO A.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the conclusions of the research of the micro and small enterprises (MSE) development in EU and Belarus for 2005–2020. The dynamics of the main MSE indicators are given in the context of the business conditions. The grouping of MSE regulation measures from the standpoint of their interconnection with the main areas of MSE participation in solving regional economic problems is presented. According to the survey of MSE heads, the author highlighted the problems of MSE. The method calculation of the economic development MSE and assessment of its influ-ence on the economic growth from the position of the created product is proposed to clarify the existing methodological tools for forecasting the development MSE. The research is aimed at maximizing the MSE potential in Belarus.
ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF A REGION AS A BASIS FOR ASSESSING ITS TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS
Authors: LISICHONAK A.
Published: November 2022

The author's vision of the relationship between the categories "tourist potential" and "tourist attractiveness" is presented. Individual ratings of Belarusian cities determining their tourist attractiveness are studied. The choice of a number of Belarusian regions, which are not metropolitan areas, but are of interest for tourists, as objects of research is substantiated. These are: Polotsk District and Polotsk City, Braslav District and Braslav City, Nesvizh District and Nes-vizh City, Korelich District and Mir City, Novogrudok District and Novogrudok City. The structure of statistical indica-tors that can be used to assess the tourist potential of the region is highlighted. The analysis of the tourist potential of the regions according to the presented list of indicators was carried out. Strengths and weaknesses of the tourism potential of the regions under study are identified.
Bruckner Problem and The Study of Musical Form
Authors: Venegas Carro Gabriel
Published: November 2022

This study proposes an analytical methodology and theoretical framework that seeks to turn the textual multiplicity often associated with Bruckner’s large-scale works (a scholarly issue often referred to as the “Bruckner Problem”) into a Bruckner Potential. Because textual multiplicity does not sit comfortably with traditional notions of authenticity and authorship, Bruckner scholarship has operated under aesthetic premises that fail to acknowledge textual multiplicity as a basic trait of his oeuvre. The present study circumvents this shortcoming by conceiving formal-expressive meaning in Bruckner’s symphonies as growing out of a two-dimensional dialogue comprising 1) an outward dialogue, characterized by the interplay between a given version of a Bruckner symphony and its implied genre (in this case, sonata form); and 2) an inward dialogue, characterized by the interplay among the various individualized realizations of a single Bruckner symphony. The analytical method is exemplified through a brief comparison of two renditions of the slow movement of Bruckner’s First Symphony, WAB 101 and a detailed consideration of each of the surviving realizations of the slow movement of his Third Symphony, WAB 103.
Prevalence of Insomnia among Emergency Doctors and their Physiological Link with Serum Melatonin: Key to Better Sleep among Doctors of LUMHS
Authors: Dars Jehanzeb Jahangir , Memon Salma Farukh , Uqaili Arsalan Ahmed , Shaikh Shakeel , Tagar Moomal , Javed Sana
Published: November 2022

Background: As a consequence of the epidemic, health care workers have been subjected to unusual levels of stress, anxiety, and sleep issues. Chronic insomnia is usually linked to circadian rhythm abnormalities. Insomnia is a frequent indication of a lack of serum melatonin. Objective: To detect the prevalence of Insomnia among doctors at LUMHS and their physiological role with regard to serum melatonin levels. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted involving 116 doctors, out of which male 48(41.3%) and female 68 (58.6%), working in all clinical wards of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro / Hyderabad from August 2021 to February 2022. Each patient's demographic information was collected. Serum Melatonin levels in the blood were measured using an ELISA KIT. Along with (Insomnia severity index) questioner was filled out by each participant. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: This study found that physicians' sleep and wake cycles are disrupted owing to their long, stressful working hours, out of 116 participants, 42.68 percent experienced insomnia. Regardless of age, gender, or BMI, Insomnia was shown to be co- related with a lower blood melatonin level (r value=-.585**, p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this investigation are in line with our hypothesis that reduced serum Melatonin levels in insomniacs lead to delayed signal transduction, causing circadian oscillator system anomalies. We have found that insomnia among doctors shows significant variations in relation to department, sex, designation, and working hours. Further addressing it requires molecular studies. Keywords: Insomnia, Prevalence, Serum Melatonin, sleep disturbance
Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Authors: Khani Qamar Zaman Qaim , Soomro Zuhaib Zahoor , Naz Kanwal , Soomro Tahir Hussain , Korejo Asad Aslam , Hussain Fayaz
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This descriptive case series study was done at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi. All patients of either gender having an age between 18 and 70 years of diagnosis with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were included. All the patients were kept under observation for 72 hours in the hospital, and ventricular arrhythmias such as Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR), Frequent PVCs (premature ventricular contractions), Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, and Ventricular Fibrillation were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.72 ±10.75 years. The majority of the patients, 75.2%, were males and 24.8% were females. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia was found in 89 (25.9%) of the patients. Among 89 patients with ventricular arrythmia, AIVR was found in 30 (33.71%), frequent PVCs in 18 (20.22%), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 23 (25.84%), sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in 9 (10.11%) each. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, the ventricular arrhythmias was observed to be considerably higher among patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-STEMI. Keywords: Ventricular arrhythmias, PCI, ST-segment elevation MI
Endoscopic Saphenous Vein Harvesting and Surgical Site Infections after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)
Authors: Ali Muhammad Arsalan , Ahmed Muhammad , Shah Hamad Ali
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery remains the most common procedure in adult cardiac surgery for coronary artery disease. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the infection in open vs endoscopic saphenous vein harvest for patients undergoing CABG surgery. Material and method: This comparative analysis was conducted at Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi and Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from October 2019 to 2021. The data was collected with the permission of the ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected with the permission of the ethical committee of the hospital. Patients undergoing CABG or combined valve/CABG with EVH and OVH were differentiated from each other in the MHCCSR as of the start of the study period. The OVH was performed by either a continuous, longitudinal incision or through multiple smaller incisions. Results: The data were collected from 122 patients, from these 22 patients were not extubated and none of them survived. The most common indication for surgery was myocardial revascularization (30.6%), followed by valve replacement (22.7%) and thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Practical implication: EVH is now considered not to be the best method in CABG surgery. Conclusion: It is concluded that, patients undergoing CABG surgery with EVH presented with worse systolic function and more recent myocardial infarction. Keywords: CABG, Procedure, EVH, Systolic, Myocardial infarction, Endoscopic
Determinant Factors of Maxillary Arch Dimension of Students Aged 18 - 25 Years at Prosthetic Department Bhittai Dental and Medical College
Authors: Sultan Jawaid , Manzoor Faryal , Khayyam Umar , Hamid Shuja , Zubair Samreen , Hanif Tabinda
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the factors of maxillary arch dimension of students aged 18–25 years in the prosthetic department at Bhittai Dental and Medical College Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at the prosthetic department at Bhittai Dental and Medical College, MirpurKhas. All the students having Class I canine and molar relationships; well-aligned upper and lower dental arches; mixed dentition; good facial symmetry; and no previous orthodontic treatment. Dental arch dimensions of width, length, and depth were taken by one examiner using the Korkhaus’ compass and a digital pachymeter. All the data was collected by the study proforma and SPSS version 26 was used for the purpose of analysis. Results: A total of 50 students were studied. Their mean age was 22.68+3.32 years. According to the arch width, the mean inter canine distance was 35.28+1.98 mm, the mean inter pre molar distance was 42.92+2.36 mm, the mean inter first molar distance was 52.48+4.03 mm, and the mean inter 2nd molar distance was 59.52+3.61mm. According to the maxillary arch length, the anterior arch length was 8.32+1.34mm, molar ventricle distance was 29.72+2.52 mm and the total arch length was 43.2+2.1mm. In the arch width and length, the mean inter 2nd molar distance and anterior arch length were statistically insignificant according to age and gender (p-<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, within the age range that was investigated, slight gender discrepancies were evident using all available approaches in maxillary arch width and length. There was found a slight difference in age groups and gender as the average maxillary arch width and length were observed to be slightly higher than females. Keywords: Maxillary arch, width, length, age, gender
Clinical, Laboratory and Virological Characteristics of Patients with Positive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Authors: Noor Hajra , Noor Sana , Tanveer Abdullah , Faiz Faiz Ahmed , Orakzai Shafqat Ur Rehman , Javed Humera
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Globally, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health issue contributing to various diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. Virus replication complex interaction with host immune system response causes dynamic interplay leading to HBV infection. In developing countries, HBV infection plays a significant role in higher rates of morbidities and mortalities. The present study aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and virological characteristics of patients with positive HBV surface antigen. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 182 positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the department of Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from April 2021 to March 2022. All the patients with positive HBsAg and negative hepatitis C were enrolled. Patients with a history of chronic liver disease, acute hepatitis B infection, and antiviral therapy were excluded. All patients underwent CBC, liver function tests, clinical evaluation, and abdominal ultrasonography examination, HBV serological marker’s assessment, HBV transmission risk factors, and HBV-DNA quantitative detection. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 182 HBV infected patients, there were 162 (89%) males and 20 (11%) females. The overall mean age was 38.6 ± 8.6 years. The most prevalent complaint and common findings was arthralgia and hepatomegaly with reported incidence of 32 (17.6%) and 16 (8.8%) respectively. Based on ultrasonography imaging results, the incidence of normal liver, coarse liver, splenomegaly, and cirrhosis were found in 81.3% (n=148), 12.6% (n=23), 5.9% (n=11), and 6.6% (n=12) respectively. Based on laboratory results, normal alanine aminotransferase, normal aspartate aminotransferase, reduced serum albumin, and low platelet count were found in 76.9%, 84.8%, 4.9%, and 10.2% respectively. Regarding laboratory, clinical, and imaging characteristics, HBV-DNA positive and negative had no significant differences. Conclusion: The present study found that HBV infected patient’s clinical manifestations were fatigue, bleeding gums, abdominal pain and fatigue. Majority of patients had normal liver on liver function tests and ultrasonographic examination. Most patients had negative HBV infection antigen. Based on comparisons made between HBV-DNA negative and positive, no substantial variations were reported on laboratory, clinical, and imaging characteristics. Keywords: HBV antigen, Virological characteristics, HBV
Intra-Orbital Lesions (Melanoma/Retinoblastoma) Radiological Findings Correlation on Ultrasound and MRI
Authors: Sharif Sana , Shoaib Mahwash , Khalid Maham , Shiekh Afshan , Akram Muhammad Nauman , Kiani Asma Afzal
Published: November 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine intra-orbital lesions by radiological findings correlation on ultrasound and MRI. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Radiology department of Sindh Govt Hospital Liaquatabad, Karachi and Jinnah hospital, Lahore for the duration from May 2021 to April 2022. Methods: There were 75 patients of both genders presented in this study. Included patients were aged between 2-50 years. A CT scan was performed on all patients with a clinical suspicion of ocular and orbital abnormalities referred from the ophthalmology department. Outcomes among all patients were determined in terms of radiological findings correlated with MRI and ultrasound. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: Among 75 cases, there were 43 (57.3%) males and 27 (42.7%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 21.8±4.42 years. Majority of the cases 70 (93.3%) were non traumatic and 5 (6.7%) cases were traumatic. Among 70 cases of non-traumatic lesions, the most common disease was neoplasm found in 32 (45.7%) cases, followed by infective and inflammatory lesions in 22 (31.4%) cases. We found that retinoblastoma was the most common non-traumatic lesion in 21 (30%) cases followed by endocrine orbitopathy and orbital cellulitis. Among 5 cases of traumatic lesions, frequency of fractures were 4 (80%), preseptal soft tissue swelling was found in 3 (60%) cases and retained foreign body (orbital and lid) in 2 (40%) cases. Conclusion: CT is used to diagnose lesions, plan surgery, and track patients with ocular and orbital diseases. MDCT is superior for bone assessment, calcification detection, and determining lesion site, extent, and configuration. MDCT is suitable for evaluating ocular and orbital lesions. Keywords: CT, Ultrasound, MRI, Orbital lesions, Ocular lesions
Incidence of Hypocalcaemia in Term Jaundiced Infants after Phototherapy
Authors: Saeed Farrukh , Ashraf Irfan , Hayat Sikandar , , Rukh Mah
Published: November 2022

Jaundice is one of the main problems in the neonates early in life having an impact on around 60% of full term and 80% of premature infants. Current worldwide date reports that annually, almost 1.1 million neonates go on to suffer from serious neonatal jaundice and large amount of those reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The goal of our research is to quantify the incidence of hypocalcaemia in term infants with hyperbilirubinemia who have been treated with phototherapy for 48 hours. Objective And Methodology: This research makes use of a descriptive case series study approach. Data collection was done in the Pediatrics unit 1 services hospital Lahore from six months from Jan, 2022 to July 2022. Patients' basic information (such as their names, ages, sexes, and addresses) was collected during the Study's case registration process. Newborns that met the study's eligibility criteria were given 48 hours of laser treatment. After 48 hours of laser treatment, the serum calcium level was checked and recorded. Results: The average age of the neonates was 8.83±3.99 days. The average birth weights of the newborns were 2.28±0.39 kg. The mean Serum Calcium level at Baseline was 9.33±1.09 mg/dl. The mean Serum Calcium level after 48 hours of laser therapy was 7.64±1.36 mg/dl. There were 30(34.5%) neonates with hypocalcemia and 57(65.5%) neonates without hypocalcaemia in this study. Conclusion: The frequency of hypocalcaemia was moderate 34.5% among neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who received laser therapy. Keywords: Hypocalcaemia, Jaundice, Hyperbilirubinemia, Laser Therapy, Neonatal Jaundice
Socio-Demographic Profile of Psychoactive Substance Users Attending A Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Khan Muhammad Muslim , Farooq Rizwan , Mehdi Muntazir , Hotiana Usman Amin , Afzal Asifa , Hussain Sabika
Published: November 2022

Aim: The goal of this analysis is to determine the proportion of psychoactive substance disorder and socio-demographic profile of Psychoactive Substance Users. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration: In the Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences department PGMI/AMC/LGH Lahore, Pakistan and Mardan Medical Complex for six months duration from October 2021 to March 2022. Methods: A total of 120 subjects with psychoactive substance use disorder (conferring to the ICD-10 criteria) were recruited after attaining their written informed consent. In the course of the study, all patients with substance use disorders were interviewed through partially structured addiction questionnaire. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the 120 subjects, 100 were men and 20 were women. The adults and adolescents were the main groups indulging in the consumption of psychoactive substances. Most of the subjects, 45%, started substance abuse at 16-20 years of age. Of the remaining 18.3%, started substance abuse at 26 years old and older, 24.2% started at the age of 21-25 years, and 12.5% started at the age of 13-15 years. It was found that 50% were in the recovery process. The relapse rate was 33.3%, 12.5% were not in contact, 2.5% died, and 1.7% were in prison. Opioid was the psychoactive substance preferred by 66.7% of the young population. The most common opioid was brown sugar; 13.3% prefer cannabis, 2.5% prefer tablets, 4.2% prefer injectable use and 0.83% prefer volatile usage of substances. Conclusion: The main consumers of psychoactive substances were the adults and adolescents and majority start using it at a younger age. Psychoactive substance abuse is a serious problem effecting young people, which is a sensitive group. So, special consideration should be paid to psychoeducation about psychoactive substances prior to adolescent. Keywords: Psychoactive substance, Sociodemographic profile.
Clinical Pattern and Malnutrition among Children with Congenital Heart Disease at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gul Samar , Nazir Fahad , Mazhar Omair , Zaman Qamar Uz , Bhatti Zafar Iqbal , Bilal Ahma
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Congenital heart disease is defined as the heart or intra-thoracic great vessel structural abnormalities present since birth with significantly functional irrespective of their detection age. It is the most prominent congenital anomaly and cause of morbidity and mortality among the pediatric age group population. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical pattern and malnutrition among children with congenital heart disease. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 132 congenital heart disease patients in the Department of Pediatric, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital Sialkot from January 2021 to December 2021. Children with clinical basis of cyanosis, feeding refusal, decreased activity, cough, hurried breathing, fever, and excessive sweating were enrolled. Acquired heart diseases and post-operative cardiac cases were excluded. Eligible children were assessed for sociodemographic details, physical examination, nutritional status, history, and types of congenital heart diseases. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 132 CHD children, there were 92 (69.7%) male and 40 (30.3%) females. The prevalence of acyanotic heart diseases, cyanotic heart diseases, complex CHD, and valvular diseases were 98 (74.2%), 22 (16.7%), 10 (7.6%), and 2 (1.5%) respectively. Age-wise distribution of all the children were as follows: 38 (28.8%) < 1 month, 62 (47%) 1 month-1 year, 20 (15.2%) 1-5 years, and 12 (9.1%) 5-10 years. Based on presented symptoms, the incidence of breathlessness, fever, cough, and other symptoms were 68 (51.5%), 58 (43.9%), 54 (40.9%), and 49 (37.1%) respectively. The incidence of protein-energy malnutrition and normal cases were 72 (54.5%) and 60 (45.5%) respectively. Anemia was the most prevalent risk factor CHD in 52 (39.4%) cases followed by pneumonia 41 (31.1%). Conclusion: The present study concluded that acyanotic heart diseases were the most commonly found in children followed by cyanotic, complex, and valvular diseases. Infancy and childhood age are more susceptible to congenital heart diseases. Breathlessness and fever were the most common symptoms. Nutritional anemia followed by pneumonia and failure to thrive were the major risk factors for congenital heart diseases among children. Keywords: Congenital heart diseases, Clinical pattern, Malnutrition
Various Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Children
Authors: Mukhtar Ayesha , Munir Rabia , Tha Sidra Tul Mun , Amil Javaria , Rasheed Saima , Javaid Muhammad Faisal
Published: November 2022

The study's objectives was to determine the frequency of various clinical manifestations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children. Materials & Methods: The research methodology is descriptive and cross sectional. The event was held at the Department of Pediatric Medicine at DHQ Hospital in Faisalabad. The study will last from September 29th to March 28th, 2019. A total of 90 children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia of age 0-10 years of either gender were included. After taking informed written consent from all children’s parents, different clinical presentations (ambiguous genitalia, simple virilising and salt wasting) were noted in each patient. Results: Mean age of children was 4.84 ± 1.78 years. Out of the 90 patients, 62 (68.89%) were male and 28 (31.11%) were females with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Mean duration of symptoms was 5.79 ± 2.59 days. In this study, I have found the ambiguous genitalia in 27 (30.0%), simple virilising in 17 (18.88%) and salt wasting in 59 (65.56%) children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusion: This study has shown that the salt wasting is the most common clinical presentations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children followed by ambiguous genitalia and simple virilising. Keywords: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ambiguous genitalia, salt wasting.
Hounsfield Units (HU) as a Predictor of Stone Clearance after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Umar , Zafar Zeeshan , Hassan Sarfraz , Khan Lodhi Muhammad Hamza , Usman Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Mm
Published: November 2022

Objective: To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with renal stones with high (≥700) versus low (<700) HU. Patients and Methods: A total of 200 patients having age 18 to 60 years, with diagnosis of unilateral renal stone disease, having stone size 2 to 4 cm in diameter on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) of Urology Unit of Ibn e Sina Hospital and Research Institute Multan were included. The study duration was May-2021 to July-2021. NCCT was done pre-operatively in every patient to measure Hounsfield units (HU). Post-procedural X-ray KUB was done 2 weeks after the surgical procedure to determine the stone clearance in every patient. Results: Mean age was 45.79±11.17 Years. Mean duration of disease of patients included in this study was 8.78±8.59 months. Mean stone size in patients included in this study was 3.11±0.61 cm. On comparison of stone clearance rate between the patients having high-HU versus low-HU, stone clearance was found in 61 (72.6%) patients having low HU value and in 105 (90.5%) patients having high HU value (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: HU-value ≥700 is a significant predictor of success rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients having renal stone disease. Keywords: Renal Stone Disease, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Hounsfield units (HU).
Developing a problem-based learning module "Lingkungan Sahabat Kita" for thematic learning to improve fifth-grade students' critical thinking
Authors: Wakhidiani Dian , Rochmiyati  , Widodo Sugeng
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to develop a thematic learning module for our friend’s environment based on problem based learning that is valid, practical and effective in improving students' critical thinking. The type of research and development used refers to the R&D theory of Borg and Gall. The population of this research was Dewi Sartika Group, Bandar Mataram District, Central Lampung with the target of 6 class educators. The sample of this study was 24 students in class VA and 24 students in VB at SDN 1 Sriwijaya Sub-district who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive and quantitative analysis. Then quantitative analysis with t test and proportion test to test the effectiveness. The results of this study indicated that thematic teaching materials based on problem based learning models developed using Borg and Gall's R&D steps of thematic learning for fifth graders of Elementary School. Theme 1 with sub-theme 2 were feasible and effective in improving students' critical thinking.
Rezension von: Schlauch, Rudolf, Eine Reise durch Hohenlohe
Authors: Voit Thomas , Schlauch Rudolf
Published: November 2022

Rudolf Schlauch: Eine Reise durch Hohenlohe, Geschichte - Kunst - Kultur. Crailsheim (Baier) 2009. 335 S, zahlr. s/w Abb.
Rezension von: Wirth, Markus, Hohenloher Herrschaft im Elsass
Authors: Beutter Wilfried , Wirth Markus
Published: November 2022

Markus Wirth: Hohenloher Herrschaft im Elsass. Handlungsspielräume eines mindermächtigen Reichsstandes in geographisch entlegenen Besitzungen am Beispiel der Seigneurie Oberbronn, 1727-1789/93. Berlin (UT) 2009. 368 S., Abb. , eine ausklappbare Karte
Rezension von: Gasseleder, Klaus, Wanderleben
Authors: Voit Thomas , Gasseleder Klaus
Published: November 2022

Klaus Gasseleder: Wanderleben - Aus dem Leben eines Wanderarbeiters im mittleren Europa von 1886 bis 1936. Ein historischer Roman. Erlangen (Wildleser) 2009. 234 S.
La densificación de lotes: una respuesta posible al problema de los allegados
Authors: Norte Taller
Published: November 2022

Taller Norte es un Centro Urbano de Asistencia Técnica constituido por Arquitectos, Asistentes Sociales, Comunicadores populares y Educadores de adultos, además de un grupo de Monitores Técnicos de Base. A la asistencia técnica agregan capacitación y apoyo organizativo a pobladores urbanos de la ciudad de Santiago. Este artículo fue preparado por los Arquitectos (U. de Chile), Silvia Araos y Rodolfo Jiménez, y es una síntesis de la propuesta denominada «Mejoramiento Habitacional con Densificación (Contribución a una política de gobierno)», presentada por Taller Norte al Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo en Octubre de 1990.
A educação e a cibercultura: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Farias Rony Jefferson Albuquerque , Chagas Alexandre Meneses
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo visa conhecer e refletir sobre a produção científica no campo da educação e da cibercultura. O questionamento sobre esta temática surgiu durante as aulas da disciplina Tópicos Especiais em Educação, do programa de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação - PPED, sob supervisão dos professores responsáveis. A pesquisa apresenta grande relevância, pois a cibercultura é um imperativo crescente cada vez maior na vida das pessoas na sociedade contemporânea e a ciência da Educação não pode ficar alheia a toda essa transformação social. Para a realização deste trabalho utilizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura como método de pesquisa para tratar as temáticas da ciência da Educação e da Cibercultura, de forma a apresentar aos leitores um material para pesquisa e reflexão sobre o tema. Estruturou-se a partir da utilização da base de dados para busca: a biblioteca eletrônica SciELO Br, além de livros e artigos utilizados na disciplina Tópicos Especiais em Educação, que ajudaram a fundamentar e discutir a temática. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de ampliar os estudos nessa temática.
Confecção de material didático sobre obesidade e cirurgia bariátrica: análise do consumo alimentar de indivíduos no pós-operatório
Authors: Silva Soares Ana Claudia , Lopes de Sousa Rosângela Maria
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: confecção de um material didático em forma de cartilha onde se analisou o consumo alimentar de pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de desenvolvimento, acerca da construção de material didático do tipo cartilha educativa e informativa, sobre a análise do consumo alimentar de pacientes pré-bariátricos e que foi contemplado 3 etapas: Revisão de literatura,  usando os descritores: obesidade, consumo alimentar,  pré operatório, cirurgia bariátrica, análise e descrição dos dados e construção visual e verbal da cartilha. Resultados: A construção técnica de um material educativo é uma forma de promover saúde, com informações  precisas e  relevantes. Conclusão: Avaliar o consumo alimentar em pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, bem como relações com questões emocionais, sociais, econômicas permite intervenções precoces e de prevenção específicas, gerando maior eficácia na perda de peso. Ao criar um material didático sobre essa análise, espera-se que isso possa ajudar na compreensão desses pacientes quanto ao impactos que sua alimentação terá, enfatizando que escolhas alimentares saudáveis trazem benefícios a curto e longo prazo.
Atividade Física e radiação UV: medidas de proteção e prevenção de dermatoses cutâneas - uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bicca dode Maria teresa , Aliende Isadora Gomes , Corrêa Bruna Godinho
Published: November 2022

A prática de  atividade física ao ar livre foi   intensificada durante o período de distanciamento social exigido como medida sanitária para  controle do avanço  da pandemia de COVID-19 e  apontou a relevância do estímulo a proteção e prevenção de dermatoses cutâneas  e  fotoenvelhecimento  desencadeados pela exposição à radiação UV durante a prática de exercícios. Da mesma forma que a atividade física promove o bem estar físico e mental, a proteção cutânea através da utilização de filtros solares contribui para manutenção da integridade estrutural e metabólica da pele  e prevenção de alterações cutâneas. A escolha do filtro solar mais adequado para cada tipo de pele bem como a correta aplicação são essenciais para que a atividade física seja praticada de forma mais segura.