bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of the ventricular conduction axis during transcatheter aortic valvar implantation: A translational pathologic study
Authors: Tretter Justin T. , Spicer Diane E. , Macías Yolanda , Talbott Cheryl , Kasten Jennifer L. , Sánchez‐Quintana Damián , Kapadia Samir R. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: March 2023

The ventricular components of the conduction axis remain vulnerable following transcatheter aortic valvar replacement. We aimed to describe features which may be used accurately by interventionalists to predict the precise location of the conduction axis, hoping better to avoid conduction disturbances. We scanned eight normal adult heart specimens by 3T magnetic resonance, using the images to simulate histological sections in order accurately to place the conduction axis back within the heart. We then used histology, tested in two pediatric hearts, to prepare sections, validated by the magnetic resonance images, to reveal the key relationships between the conduction axis and the aortic root. The axis was shown to have a close relationship to the nadir of the right coronary leaflet, in particular when the aortic root was rotated in counterclockwise fashion. The axis was more vulnerable in the setting of a narrow inferoseptal recess, when the inferior margin of the membranous septum was above the plane of the virtual basal ring, and when minimal myocardium was supporting the right coronary sinus. The features identified in our study are in keeping with the original description provided by Tawara, but at variance with more recent accounts. They suggest that the vulnerability of the axis during transcatheter valvar replacement can potentially be inferred on the basis of knowledge of the position of the aortic root within the ventricular base. If validated by clinical studies, our findings may better permit avoidance of new‐onset left bundle branch block following transcatheter aortic valvar replacement.
A rare adverse event of atorvastatin inducing leukocytoclastic vasculitis with ANCA‐negative (Anti‐Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) case report and literature review
Authors: Guevara‐Rodriguez Nehemias , Flores‐Chang Mailing , Chilakala Akhila , Contreras Jose , Perdomo Paula , Liliya Gandrabur
Published: March 2023

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an entity associated with drugs, infections, cryoglobulinemia, and connective tissue diseases but can also be idiopathic, systemic, or organ localized. Moreover, LCV associated with drugs is a rare disorder. When it is present usually has an elevation of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, most likely anti‐myeloperoxidase, which can be helpful to orient the diagnosis. We are presenting a 55‐year‐old female with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperlipidemia (HLD) who presented with a painful and pruritic rash localized in the abdomen and lower extremities that started 1 week after initiated atorvastatin for management of hyperlipidemia. This is the first case ever reported of leukocytoclastic vasculitis ANCA negative associated with atorvastatin, to our best knowledge.
Bilateral peripheric facial nerve palsy following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dezfouli Majid , Moeinzadeh Firouzeh , Ghiasi Farzin , Abdeyazdan Neda , Mazaheri‐Tehrani Sadegh
Published: March 2023

Neurologic complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been reported commonly. Peripheric facial nerve palsy is one of the most reported neurologic problems. However, idiopathic bilateral facial palsy is a very rare complication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Herein, we present a case of a COVID‐19 35‐year‐old man, which developed bilateral facial palsy.
Dramatic response to radiation of a sinus melanoma: A case report
Authors: Garousi Maryam , Hariri Ramyar , Fadavi Pedram , Yousefi Tahere , Bayani Reyhaneh
Published: March 2023

In this report, we shared our experience in the treatment of a patient with unresectable sinonasal melanoma, in whom a complete radiographic response was seen after a course of conventional external beam radiotherapy. Given that local control has an important role in maintaining the quality of life of patients.
Catalysts for Isocyanate Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Muuronen Mikko , Lucas Frédéric , Sijbesma Rint P. , Tomović Željko
Published: March 2023

The formation of isocyanurate via cyclotrimerization of isocyanates is widely reported to provide a variety of polyurethane materials with improved chemical and physical properties such as weatherability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy. The demand for development of effective and selective catalysts for cyclotrimerization of isocyanates has been increasing. This review comprehensively summarizes catalysts for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates that have been reported in peer‐reviewed publications and provides a valuable guideline for choosing suitable catalysts to match specific requirements. The catalysts are categorized into two main classes: catalysts operating via a Lewis basic cyclotrimerization mechanism and metal‐containing catalysts. Catalyst structures, reaction conditions, reaction time, catalytic effectivity as well as types of isocyanates whose trimerization is catalyzed are described in detail. In addition, featuring the findings and viewpoints from mechanistic studies, this review aims to stimulate the design and development of new, more efficient catalysts, and to guide further study of the trimerization mechanism with different classes of catalysts.
On‐line Optimization of Integrated Carbon Capture and Conversion Process via the Ratings Concept: A Combined DFT and Microkinetic Modeling Approach
Authors: Noppakhun Jakapob , Rittiruam Meena , Saelee Tinnakorn , Shaikh Jasmin Shamshoddin , Khajondetchairit Patcharaporn , Praserthdam Supareak , Praserthdam Piyasan
Published: March 2023

The integrated carbon capture and conversion (ICCC) is a promising catalytic process to produce syngas from CO2 and CH4 via a combined separation and reactor unit. Besides, its performance can fluctuate from the inconsistent feed ratio resulting from the flue gas unit. Herein, the Ratings concept based on density functional theory (DFT) is applied to overcome these problems in a two‐step protocol: (i) catalyst identification, which designates the catalyst characteristics and predicts performance based on reactivity (RT−R) and stability (RT−S) Ratings calculated based on activation energies obtained either from experiments or DFT, and (ii) catalyst optimization that optimized a catalyst's performance via the determination of new operating condition accounted for its deactivation over time. Moreover, temperature and feed ratio sensitivity were investigated, revealing that most catalysts are more sensitive to temperature change than the feed ratio.
CryoEM Structure with ATP Synthase Enables Late‐Stage Diversification of Cruentaren A
Authors: Dou Xiaozheng , Guo Hui , D'Amico Terin , Abdallah Leah , Subramanian Chitra , Patel Bhargav A. , Cohen Mark , Rubinstein John L. , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: March 2023

Cruentaren A is a natural product that exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, yet its binding site within ATP synthase remained unknown, thus limiting the development of improved analogues as anticancer agents. Herein, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of cruentaren A bound to ATP synthase, which allowed the design of new inhibitors through semisynthetic modification. Examples of cruentaren A derivatives include a trans‐alkene isomer, which was found to exhibit similar activity to cruentaren A against three cancer cell lines as well as several other analogues that retained potent inhibitory activity. Together, these studies provide a foundation for the generation of cruentaren A derivatives as potential therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
Cu(OAc)2‐Mediated Synthesis of Fullerodihydropyridine‐3‐ones via the Reaction of [60]Fullerene with β‐Substituted Ethylamines in the Absence or Presence of Arylacetaldehydes†
Authors: Liu Xiu‐Shan , Wang Hui‐Juan , Wu Fei‐Lun , Huo Jing‐Wen , Wang Xing‐Yu , Li Fa‐Bao , Sun Rui , Liu Li , Liu Chao‐Yang
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A series of unreported fullerodihydropyridine‐3‐ones were synthesized as a new family of fullerene derivatives in moderate to good yields by a simple one‐step reaction of [60]fullerene with cheap and readily available β‐substituted ethylamines in the absence or presence of arylacetaldehydes under the assistance of Cu(OAc)2. The in situ generation of arylacetaldehydes by the C—N bond cleavage of arylethylamines avoided their complex synthesis in advance and realized the preparation of fullerodihydropyridine‐3‐ones with structural and functional diversities, which may have promising applications in perovskite solar cells to improve the performance of photovoltaic devices due to the existence of a large π‐conjugated system on the dihydropyridine‐3‐one ring.
Functional estrogen receptor signal transduction pathway activity and antihormonal therapy response in low‐grade ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Hendrikse Cynthia S. E. , van der Ploeg Phyllis , van de Kruis Nienke M. A. , Wilting Jody H. C. , Oosterkamp Floor , Theelen Pauline M. M. , Lok Christianne A. R. , de Hullu Joanne A. , Smedts Huberdina P. M. , Vos M. Caroline , Pijlman Brenda M. , Kooreman Loes F. S. , Bulten Johan , Lentjes‐Beer Marjolein H. F. M. , Bosch Steven L. , van de Stolpe Anja , Lambrechts Sandrina , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Piek Jurgen M. J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Advanced low‐grade ovarian carcinoma (LGOC) is difficult to treat. In several studies, high estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression was observed in patients with LGOC, which suggests that antihormonal therapy (AHT) is a treatment option. However, only a subgroup of patients respond to AHT, and this response cannot be adequately predicted by currently used immunohistochemistry (IHC). A possible explanation is that IHC only takes the ligand, but not the activity, of the whole signal transduction pathway (STP) into account. Therefore, in this study, the authors assessed whether functional STP activity can be an alternative tool to predict response to AHT in LGOC.

Methods

Tumor tissue samples were obtained from patients with primary or recurrent LGOC who subsequently received AHT. Histoscores of ER and progesterone receptor (PR) were determined. In addition, STP activity of the ER STP and of six other STPs known to play a role in ovarian cancer was assessed and compared with the STP activity of healthy postmenopausal fallopian tube epithelium.

Results

Patients who had normal ER STP activity had a progression‐free survival (PFS) of 16.1 months. This was significantly shorter in patients who had low and very high ER STP activity, with a median PFS of 6.0 and 2.1 months, respectively (p < .001). Unlike ER histoscores, PR histoscores were strongly correlated to the ER STP activity and thus to PFS.

Conclusions

Aberrant low and very high functional ER STP activity and low PR histoscores in patients with LGOC indicate decreased response to AHT. ER IHC is not representative of functional ER STP activity and is not related to PFS.
Approach to Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Parameters, Reflecting Intrinsic Activity: Toward the Right Pathway
Authors: Nazari Mahrokh , Ghaemmaghami Mostafa
Published: March 2023

The development of transition metal‐based non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion systems has received a lot of interest recently. To further this subject in the proper way given the development of electrocatalysts, a fair comparison of their respective performance is necessary. This Review investigates the parameters used for the comparison of electrocatalyst activity. Significant evaluation criteria employed in electrochemical water splitting studies are the overpotential at defined current density usually at 10 mA per geometric surface area, Tafel slope, exchange current density, mass activity, specific activity and turnover frequency (TOF). This Review will discuss how to identify the specific activity and TOF by electrochemical and non‐electrochemical methods to represent intrinsic activity as well as the benefits and uncertainties of each technique, ensuring that each method is applied correctly when calculating intrinsic activity metrics.
LINC00659 cooperated with ALKBH5 to accelerate gastric cancer progression by stabilising JAK1 mRNA in an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wu Xi , Gu Yunru , Shi Run , Yu Tao , Pan Yutian , Zhang Jingxin , Jing Xinming , Ma Pei , Shu Yongqian
Published: March 2023

Background

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is known as a common epigenetic regulation form in eukaryotic cells. Emerging studies show that m6A in noncoding RNAs makes a difference, and the aberrant expression of m6A‐associated enzymes may cause diseases. The demethylase alkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5) plays diverse roles in different cancers, but its role during gastric cancer (GC) progression is not well known.

Methods

The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting assays were used to detect ALKBH5 expression in GC tissues and human GC cell lines. The function assays in vitro and xenograft mouse model in vivo were used to investigate the effects of ALKBH5 during GC progression. RNA sequencing, MeRIP sequencing, RNA stability and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the function of ALKBH5. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP‐seq), RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were performed to examine the influence of LINC00659 on the ALKBH5–JAK1 interaction.

Results

ALKBH5 was highly expressed in GC samples and associated with aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis. ALKBH5 promoted the abilities of GC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The m6A modification on JAK1 mRNA was removed by ALKBH5, which resulted in the upregulated expression of JAK1. LINC00659 facilitated ALKBH5 binding to and upregulated JAK1 mRNA depending on an m6A‐YTHDF2 manner. Silencing of ALKBH5 or LINC00659 disrupted GC tumourigenesis via the JAK1 axis. JAK1 upregulation activated the JAK1/STAT3 pathway in GC.

Conclusion

ALKBH5 promoted GC development via upregulated JAK1 mRNA expression mediated by LINC00659 in an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner, and targeting ALKBH5 may be a promising therapeutic method for GC patients.
Improved estimation of the ratio of detection efficiencies of excited acceptors and donors for FRET measurements
Authors: Batta Ágnes , Hajdu Tímea , Nagy Peter
Published: March 2023

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a radiationless interaction between a donor and an acceptor whose distance dependence makes it a sensitive tool for studying the oligomerization and the structure of proteins. When FRET is determined by measuring the sensitized emission of the acceptor, a parameter characterizing the ratio of detection efficiencies of an excited acceptor versus an excited donor is invariably involved in the formalism. For FRET measurements involving fluorescent antibodies or other external labels, this parameter, designated by α, is usually determined by comparing the intensity of a known number of donors and acceptors in two independent samples leading to a large statistical variability if the sample size is small. Here, we present a method that improves precision by applying microbeads with a calibrated number of antibody binding sites and a donor‐acceptor mixture in which donors and acceptors are present in a certain, experimentally determined ratio. A formalism is developed for determining α and the superior reproducibility of the proposed method compared to the conventional approach is demonstrated. Since the novel methodology does not require sophisticated calibration samples or special instrumentation, it can be widely applied for the quantification of FRET experiments in biological research.
Influence of vegetation lodging on the flow regime and resistance characteristic of overland flow
Authors: Zhang Jingzhou , Zhang Shengtang , Wang Chuantao , Wang Wenjun , Ma Lijun , Xu Xuefeng , Zhou Jiansen
Published: March 2023

Vegetation lodging downstream under overland flow is a common phenomenon; it changes the characteristics of the overland flow regime and causes the resistance effect. At present, there are few studies on the hydraulic characteristics of the slope flow caused by vegetation lodging, and the problem of the flow resistance of the vegetation morphology has been neglected or simplified, which is likely to cause large deviations in overland flow forecast. To clarify the effect of vegetation lodging on overland flow, under the conditions of slope (0.0%–3.0%) and flow discharge (0.0005–0.008 m3/s), an indoor flume experiment of vegetation gradient lodging combination and lodging angle was carried out, and the resistance mechanism and flow regime characteristics were compared and discussed. The results show that it is reasonable to use a uniform lodging angle to simulate the influence of gradient lodging on the overland flow resistance. The slope and vegetation lodging states are important factors that affect the evolution of flow patterns and turbulence changes. It was found that, as the slope or degree of vegetation lodging increased, the flow patterns evolved from slow to rapid. Under the same flow discharge, the resistance of overland flow decreased with an increase in the vegetation lodging angle. Under unsubmerged conditions, the resistance coefficient f was found to be positively correlated with the Reynolds number Re and the cosine of the lodging angle θ, and negatively correlated with the slope S. Compared with vertical vegetation, the morphological resistance of vegetation with lodging angles of 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80° decreased by 10.28%, 32.53%, 52.45%, and 61.37%, respectively. The morphology of vegetation lodging is the main influencing factor that constitutes flow resistance and controls hydraulic erosion. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of overland flow and soil erosion control.
Reactivity of Cytosine with Alkylmercury Ions in the Gas Phase: The Critical Role of the Alkyl Chain
Authors: Salpin Jean‐Yves , Haldys Violette , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced
Published: March 2023

The gas‐phase reactivity towards cytosine (C) of alkylmercury cations CnH2n+1Hg+, and more particularly CH3Hg+, C2H5Hg+,n‐C4H9Hg+andt‐C4H9Hg+, has been studied for the first time by combining tandem mass spectrometry, infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy (IRMPD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Under electrospray conditions, the interaction ofCwith the cations derived from alkylmercury chloride compounds gives rise to a single type of complex of general formula [RHg(C)]+, except fort‐butylmercury which turned to be unreactive. Subsequent MS/MS experiments showed that [RHg]+ions (R=Me, Et, n‐Bu) exhibit a peculiar reactivity characterized by the transfer of the alkyl group, R, to the nucleobase leading to a [(C)R]+ion, accompanied by the reduction of the metal and loss of0Hg. As the length of the alkyl chain increases (n≥2), a new fragmentation path leading to protonated cytosine is opened, associated with the elimination of a Cn,H2n,Hg moiety. This latter process is clearly overwhelming withn‐BuHg+. The mechanisms associated with both dissociation channels were examined through the use of IRMPD data in the fingerprint region, and by exploring the corresponding potential energy surfaces in the DFT framework.
“You do need to do the interaction”: Mothers’ perceptions of responsive parenting following a home‐based parenting intervention
Authors: Morris Sophie Stucley , Price Anna , McKenzie Vicki , Kemp Lynn
Published: March 2023

Responsive parenting (also known as responsivity) is a dynamic and bidirectional exchange between the parent‐child dyad and associated with a child's social and cognitive development. Optimal interactions require a sensitivity and understanding of a child's cues, responsiveness to the child's need, and a modification of the parent's behavior to meet this need. This qualitative study explored the impact of a home visiting program on mothers’ perceptions of their responsivity to their children. This study is part of a larger body of research known as right@home, an Australian nurse home visiting program promoting children's learning and development. Preventative programs such as right@home prioritize population groups experiencing socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity. They provide opportunities to promote children's development through the enhancement of parenting skills and an increase in responsive parenting. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers, providing insight into their perceptions of responsive parenting. Four themes were extracted from the data using inductive thematic analysis. These indicated that: (1) mothers’ perceived preparation for parenting, (2) recognition of mother and child needs, (3) response to mother and child needs, and (4) motivation to parent with responsiveness, were considered important. This research highlights the importance of interventions that focus on the parent‐child relationship in increasing mother's parenting capabilities and promoting responsive parenting.
Evaluation of the Danish version of the prenatal parental reflective functioning questionnaire in early pregnancy as a screening tool
Authors: Schwartz Mads , Rasmussen Ida Scheel , Wilson Philip , Overbeck Gritt , Siersma Volkert
Published: March 2023

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is the capacity to focus on feelings and experiences in oneself as a parent and in the child. Research has demonstrated that, the better the PRF the better outcomes for the child. This paper evaluated the Danish version of the prenatal parental reflective functioning questionnaire (P‐PRFQ). We used data from a cluster‐randomized trial of pregnant women recruited from Danish general practice. The sample included 605 mothers. Factor structure and internal consistency were investigated. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the P‐PRFQ score and the five most predictive variables. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the three‐factor model. The P‐PRFQ had moderate internal consistency. The regression analysis showed a decrease in the P‐PRFQ score with increasing age, increasing parity, current employment, better self‐reported health, lower anxiety score, and fewer negative life events with persistent impact. The directions of the associations between P‐PRFQ score and the predictive variables were opposite of what was hypothesized raising questions about whether the P‐PRFQ can be used as an early pregnancy screening tool assessing prenatal PRF. Further validation studies are required to assess the extent to which the P‐PRFQ truly measures reflective functioning.
Interacting with supportive adults predicts greater same‐day psychosocial functioning among adolescents in a self‐driven learning program
Authors: Ratner Kaylin , Zhu Gaoxia , Li Qingyi , Estevez Melody , Burrow Anthony L.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Supportive adults are a critical component of effective out‐of‐school time (OST) youth programs, yet the short‐term dynamics that underlie their role are poorly understood. Within GripTape, a US‐wide self‐driven learning program, we examined if interactions with program‐assigned adults (i.e., Champions) correspond with youths' daily psychosocial functioning (i.e., sense of purpose, self‐concept clarity, and self‐esteem).

Method

Participants were 204 North American adolescents (M [SD] = 16.42 [1.18] years; female = 70.1%, male = 25.0%) enrolled in GripTape, a remote OST program that empowers under‐resourced teens to pursue their passions for ~10 weeks. During enrollment, youth are given autonomy to structure their learning goals and methods to best match their needs; a stipend of up to 500 USD; and an adult Champion to act as a touchpoint. Data collection consisted of a baseline survey before the program launch and a 5‐min survey on each day of enrollment.

Results

Across ~70 days, we found that youth reported greater psychosocial functioning on days they reported interacting with their Champion. After controlling for same‐day psychosocial functioning, we failed to find evidence that Champion interactions predicted youths' next‐day psychosocial functioning.

Conclusion

In addition to being among the first studies to investigate the daily benefits of youth‐adult interactions within OST programming, this study documents the short‐term incremental change that may underlie previous work on OST program outcomes.
Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect biochemical changes in blood serum of obese patients
Authors: Guleken Zozan , Çeçen Serpil , Ceylan Zeynep , Jakubczyk Paweł , Depciuch Joanna
Published: March 2023

Obesity is frequently a significant risk factor for multiple obesity‐associated diseases that have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. Anthropometric data such as body mass index, fat, and fat mass values are assessed for obesity. Therefore, we aimed to propose two Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectral regions, 800–1800 cm−1 and 2700–3000 cm−1, as sensitive potential band assignments for obesity‐related biochemical changes. A total of 134 obese (n = 89) and controls (n = 45) biochemical characteristics and clinical parameters indicative of obesity were evaluated. The FT‐IR spectra of dried blood serum were measured. Anthropometric data of the obese have the highest body mass index, %fat, and fat mass values compared to the healthy group (p < 0.01). Also, the triglyceride and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) technique successfully distinguished obese and control groups in the fingerprint, accounting for 98.5% and 99.9% of the total variability (800–1800 cm−1) and lipids (2700–3000 cm−1) regions presented as 2D and 3D score plots. The loading results indicated that peaks corresponding to phosphonate groups, glucose, amide I, and lipid groups were shifted in the obese group, indicating their potential as biomarkers of obesity. This study suggests that FTIR analysis based on PCA can provide a detailed and reliable method for the analysis of blood serum in obese patients.
Engineering synthetic poly(ethylene) glycol‐based hydrogels compatible with injection molding biofabrication
Authors: Brady Sarah R. , Gohsman Simone B. , Sepulveda Keven , Weaver Jessica D.
Published: March 2023

Hydrogel injection molding is a biofabrication method that is useful for the rapid generation of complex cell‐laden hydrogel geometries, with potential utility in biomanufacturing products for tissue engineering applications. Hydrogel injection molding requires that hydrogel polymers have sufficiently delayed crosslinking times to enable injection and molding prior to gelation. In this work, we explore the feasibility of injection molding synthetic poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)‐based hydrogels functionalized with strain promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry functional groups. We evaluate the mechanical properties of a PEG‐based hydrogel library, including time to gelation and successful generation of complex geometries via injection molding. We evaluate the binding and retention of adhesive ligand RGD within the library matrices and characterize the viability and function of encapsulated cells. This work demonstrates the feasibility of injection molding synthetic PEG‐based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications, with potential utility in the clinic and biomanufacturing.
Low‐fit cause‐related marketing: When and why do consumers respond positively?
Authors: DeMotta Yoshiko , Janssen Catherine , Sen Sankar
Published: March 2023

This paper examines when and why consumers are likely to support low‐fit cause‐related marketing (CM) initiatives. Through six studies, we demonstrate that when consumers think more holistically rather than analytically, they are likely to respond as positively to low‐fit CM initiatives as high‐fit ones. This effect occurs because holistic thinkers focus not only on the company and its characteristics but also on the perceived need of the cause beneficiaries, making them more likely to perceive the corporate motives to be public‐serving, producing more favorable evaluations of the company. Dispositional skepticism toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) acts as a boundary condition of this effect.
Sex differences in incidence and fatality of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A comparative study based on national surveillance data of China
Authors: Qian Jie , Wei Jiate , Ren Lili , Liu Yuanli , Feng Luzhao
Published: March 2023

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick‐borne emerging infectious disease with an increasingly global concern. Sex difference in infectious diseases is an important public health problem. A comparative study on sex differences in SFTS incidence and fatality was conducted using all laboratory‐confirmed cases in mainland China during 2010−2018. Females had significantly higher average annual incidence rate (AAIR) with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.22; p ˂ 0.0001), but significantly lower‐case fatality rate (CFR) with an odd ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.61–0.87; p = 0.001). The significant differences in AAIR and CFR were observed in age groups of 40–69 and 60–69 years, respectively (both p < 0.05). There was a rising incidence and declining CFR along with epidemic years. After adjusting for age, temporal and spatial distribution, agricultural setting and onset‐to‐diagnosis interval, the female‐to‐male difference in either AAIR or CFR remained significant. The underlying biological mechanisms of the sex‐based differences that the females are more prone to get the disease, but less likely for a fatal outcome deserve further investigations.
Ketamine disrupts locomotion and electrolocation in a novel model of schizophrenia, Gnathonemus petersii fish
Authors: Langova Veronika , Horka Petra , Hubeny Jan , Novak Tomas , Vales Karel , Adamek Petr , Holubova Katerina , Horacek Jiri
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed to examine a weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii (G. petersii) as a candidate model organism of glutamatergic theory of schizophrenia. The idea of G. petersii elevating the modeling of schizophrenia symptoms is based on the fish's electrolocation and electrocommunication abilities. Fish were exposed to the NMDA antagonist ketamine in two distinct series differing in the dose of ketamine. The main finding revealed ketamine‐induced disruption of the relationship between electric signaling and behavior indicating impairment of fish navigation. Moreover, lower doses of ketamine significantly increased locomotion and erratic movement and higher doses of ketamine reduced the number of electric organ discharges indicating successful induction of positive schizophrenia‐like symptoms and disruption of fish navigation. Additionally, a low dose of haloperidol was used to test the normalization of the positive symptoms to suggest a predictive validity of the model. However, although successfully induced, positive symptoms were not normalized using the low dose of haloperidol; hence, more doses of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol and probably also of a representative of atypical antipsychotic drugs need to be examined to confirm the predictive validity of the model.
Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS): Development of a New Sinonasal Polyp Grading Scale
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Halawi Akaber M. , Illing Elisa A. , Tang Dennis M. , Chen Philip G. , Kuan Edward C. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Norez Daniel A. , Kim Stacey A. , Sharma Dhruv , Reh Douglas D. , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. , Lam Kent K. , Ow Randall A. , Sublett J. Wesley , Higgins Thomas S.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Commonly used endoscopic grading scales, such as the nasal polyp scale, inadequately describe the degree of polyposis found postoperatively in the paranasal sinus cavities. The purpose of this study was to create a novel grading system that more accurately characterizes polyp recurrence in postoperative sinus cavities, the Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS).

Methods

A modified Delphi method was utilized to establish the POPS using consensus opinion among 13 general otolaryngologists, rhinologists, and allergists. Postoperative endoscopy videos from 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were reviewed by 7 fellowship‐trained rhinologists and scored according to the POPS. Videos were rated again 1 month later by the same reviewers, and scores were assessed for test–retest and inter‐rater reliability.

Results

Overall inter‐rater reliability for the first and second reviews of the 52 videos was Kf = 0.49 (95% CI 0.42–0.57) and Kf = 0.50 (95% CI 0.42–0.57) for the POPS. Intra‐rater reliability showed near‐perfect test–retest reliability for the POPS with Kf = 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.84).

Conclusion

The POPS is an easy‐to‐use, reliable, and novel objective endoscopic grading scale that more accurately describes polyp recurrence in the postoperative state which will be useful in the future for measuring the efficacy of various medical and surgical interventions.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 133:2885–2890, 2023
Identifying Parathyroids in Pediatric Thyroid/Parathyroid Surgery by Near Infrared Autofluorescence
Authors: Belcher Ryan H. , Thomas Giju , Willmon Parker A. , Gallant Jean‐Nicolas , Baregamian Naira , Lopez Monica E. , Solόrzano Carmen C. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Compared to adult patients undergoing thyroid surgery, pediatric patients have higher rates of hypoparathyroidism often related to parathyroid gland (PG) inadvertent injury or devascularization. Previous studies have shown that near‐infrared‐autofluorescence (NIRAF) can be reliably used intraoperatively for label‐free parathyroid identification, but all prior studies have been performed in adult patients. In this study, we assess the utility and accuracy of NIRAF with a fiber‐optic probe‐based system to identify PGs in pediatric patients undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy.

Methods

All pediatric patients (under 18 years of age) undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy were enrolled in this IRB‐approved study. The surgeon's visual assessment of tissues was first noted and the surgeon's confidence level in the tissue identified was recorded. A fiber‐optic probe was then used to illuminate tissues‐of‐interest with a wavelength of 785 nm and resulting NIRAF intensities from these tissues were measured while the surgeon was blinded to results.

Results

NIRAF intensities were measured intraoperatively in 19 pediatric patients. Normalized NIRAF intensities for PGs (3.63 ± 2.47) were significantly higher than that of thyroid (0.99 ± 0.36, p < 0.001) and other surrounding soft tissues (0.86 ± 0.40, p < 0.001). Based on the PG identification ratio threshold of 1.2, NIRAF yielded a detection rate of 95.8% (46/48 pediatric PGs).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that NIRAF detection can potentially be a valuable and non‐invasive technique to identify PGs during neck operations in the pediatric population. To our knowledge, this is the first study in children to assess the accuracy of probe‐based NIRAF detection for intraoperative parathyroid identification.

Level of Evidence

Level 4 Laryngoscope, 133:3208–3215, 2023
Observation of Square‐Root Higher‐Order Topological States in Photonic Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Kang Juan , Liu Tao , Yan Mou , Yang Dandan , Huang Xiongjian , Wei Ruishan , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping , Yang Zhongmin , Nori Franco
Published: March 2023

Recently, higher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs), accompanied by topologically nontrivial boundary states with a codimension larger than one, have been extensively explored because of unconventional bulk‐boundary correspondences. As a novel type of HOTIs, very recent works have explored the square‐root HOTIs, where the topologically nontrivial nature of bulk bands stems from the square of the Hamiltonian. In this paper, 2D square‐root HOTIs are experimentally demonstrated in photonic waveguide arrays written in glass using femtosecond laser direct‐write techniques. Edge and corner states are clearly observed at visible light spectra. The dynamical evolutions of topological boundary states are experimentally demonstrated, which verify the existence of photonic corner states in two band gaps. The symmetry‐protected corner states in the photonic square‐root HOTI may have potential applications in information processing and lasing.
Light‐Emitting Device Based on Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Feng Nannan , Lu Min , Sun Siqi , Liu Anqi , Chai Xiaomei , Bai Xue , Hu Junhua , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of military, optical communication, biological imaging, and other fields, practical engineering applications such as fiber‐optic gyroscope, wavelength division multiplexing, and optical coherence tomography have put forward higher requirements on light sources. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source has become an excellent candidate due to its advantages such as suitable bandwidth, low coherence, and high power. Although the ASE light source is developed to a certain extent, there is still great room for improvement in the choice of gain medium and device structure. In order to accelerate the development and practical engineering application of ASE optoelectronic devices, it is of great significance to grasp the basic characteristics of the gain materials and the design of the device structure. In this review, the principle of the ASE effect and its difference with the generation of lasing are analyzed. Then, the optical gain properties of various gain materials, together with different structural types of electrically pumped ASE devices and their practical engineering applications, are summarized. Finally, the new ASE light‐emitting devices integrated with high‐gain materials and low‐cost structures are prospected to provide more ideas for their development.
Controlling Crystallization: A Key Factor during 3D Printing with the Advanced Semicrystalline Polymeric Materials PEEK, PEKK 6002, and PEKK 7002
Authors: Rodzeń Krzysztof , McIlhagger Alistair , Strachota Beata , Strachota Adam , Meenan Brian J. , Boyd Adrian
Published: March 2023

Controlling the crystallization of advanced, high‐performance polymeric materials during 3D printing is critical to ensure that the resulting structures have appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, two grades of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK 6002 and PEKK 7002) are used to print 3D specimens via a fused filament fabrication process. The samples are compared with polyetheretherketone printed under the same conditions. Two approaches for controlling the crystallization process are undertaken. The first involves adjustment of the chamber temperature between room temperature and 190 °C to create two regions where crystallization is governed by the slow diffusion process and elevated by limiting the nucleation process. The second approach involves selection of PEKK materials with varying crystallization kinetics, namely. Application of this method into 3D‐printing process allows for printing semicrystalline materials with tailored mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties as either amorphous or in situ crystallized products. The studies undertaken here provide the basis to eliminate expensive and time‐consuming post‐processing of 3D fabricated parts. In particular, solutions for the avoidance of poor adhesion to the building plate and weak interlayer adhesion that can lead to warping are described. The materials are divided into three groups, slow, moderate, and too fast crystallization kinetics.
An examination of frontline employee–customer incidental similarities in service failure and recovery contexts
Authors: Lindsey‐Hall Kristina K. , Jaramillo Susana , Baker Thomas L. , Bachrach Daniel G.
Published: March 2023

Developing rapport during the “moment of truth” when frontline employees (FLEs) interact with customers has long been an important topic for researchers and managers. We suggest incidental similarities—seemingly trivial shared points of comparison between customers and FLEs—can play a vital role during this juncture in service failure and recovery contexts. Across two experimental studies, we investigate several relationships impacted by the presence or absence of an incidental similarity between FLEs and customers for their effect on satisfaction and repatronage intentions. Results suggest incidental similarities can reduce failure attributions toward service providers and improve these important customer‐related outcomes (study 1). Results of study 2 extend our findings, demonstrating that rapport can serve as a mediating mechanism explaining the relationship between incidental similarities and these key service outcomes. Study 2 also reveals that FLE authenticity acts as a boundary condition of this relationship, accentuating the indirect, conditional relationships between incidental similarities, and satisfaction and repatronage intentions. Critically, we demonstrate that an incidental similarity can be even more effective when there is no recovery. By pointing out the role of incidental similarities in service encounters, our research makes significant contributions to aiding understanding of how rapport can be developed during the relatively brief time customers interact with service employees.
Rigorous derivation of the Darcy boundary condition on the porous wall
Authors: Marušić‐Paloka Eduard
Published: March 2023

An effective boundary condition on a porous wall is derived, starting from basic principles of mechanics. Stokes system, governing the viscous flow through a reservoir with an array of small pores on the boundary, was studied, and the corresponding macroscopic model via rigorous asymptotic analysis is found. Under the assumption of periodicity of the pores, the effective boundary condition of the Darcy type is derived, using homogenization and boundary layer techniques. Further asymptotic analysis with respect to the porosity yields a recursive sequence of boundary value problems showing that the large pressure jump occurs on the boundary.
Miniaturized coplanar Vivaldi antenna design for brain imaging
Authors: Uyanik Cafer , Demirel Salih , Akduman İbrahim
Published: March 2023

We developed a miniaturized coplanar Vivaldi antenna (M‐CPVA) for microwave imaging applications. First, a conventional coplanar Vivaldi antenna (CPVA) was designed. Then, the M‐CPVA was developed by properly cropping the exponential flares. The impedance bandwidth and near‐field electric field distribution of the M‐CPVA were improved as compared to the conventional CPVA. In particular, the designed M‐CPVA was 58.6 × 92 × 1.6 mm3in size and operated from 1 to 7.5 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 152%. Last, the produced M‐CPVA was tested in a microwave imaging system for continuous monitoring of brain strokes. The stability and accuracy of the imaging results imply that the proposed antenna could be useful for microwave brain stroke monitoring applications.
Propagation path loss models and multipath clustering based on rotated linear array method of measurements and simulations in the waiting hall environments
Authors: Li Shuangde , Liu Yuanjian , Lin Leke , Sun Qi , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2023

In this letter, the extensive measurements and simulations are conducted at 28 GHz in the large waiting hall environments. The rotated linear array‐based method of measurement is proposed. The rotated linear array‐based method of measurement and the uniform virtual array‐based method of measurement are performed and compared. The space‐alternating generalized expectation‐maximization algorithm is exploited to extract the propagation parameters of multipath components (MPCs). Path loss models are illustrated based on self‐developed ray tracing simulator. A good agreement is achieved between the simulated results and the measured results, so the correctness of improved ray tracing method is verified. The results show that the measured results of the rotated linear array‐based method and the uniform virtual array‐based method are consistent. But the rotated linear array‐based method is simpler and less time‐consuming. A universal path loss model is proposed in the large waiting hall scenarios at 28 GHz. Moreover, clustering of MPCs is investigated by the K‐power‐mean algorithm. The number of clusters are calculated and analyzed.
Benchmarking quality of care using patient reported outcome measure data for patients presenting with musculoskeletal conditions in primary care GP practices
Authors: Burgess Roanna , Lewis Martyn , Hill Jonathan C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) evaluate health status from a patient perspective. They can be used to support care at a patient level but also collectively to review quality of care across care providers. Vast amounts of patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions present to General Practice (GP) primary care practitioners each year. Variation in patient outcomes in this setting however has not been reported.

Objective

To identify variation in patient outcomes measured using the musculoskeletal health questionnaire (MSK‐HQ) PROM for adults presenting to 20 GP practices in the UK with MSK conditions.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the STarT MSK cluster randomised controlled trial dataset. A standardised case‐mix adjustment model, adjusting for condition complexity co‐variates, was used to calculate predicted 6‐month follow‐up MSK‐HQ scores, and used to compare adjusted and un‐adjusted health gain (n = 868). Patient MSK‐HQ change outcomes were aggregated to practice level and boxplots used to display outlier GP practices for un‐adjusted and adjusted outcomes.

Results

Substantial variation in patient outcomes was seen across the 20 practices, even after case‐mix adjustment, with mean change in MSK‐HQ scores ranging from 6 to 12 points. Boxplots displaying un‐adjusted outcomes showed one negative GP practice outlier and two positive outliers. However, the boxplots displaying case‐mix adjusted outcomes showed no negative outliers, with two practices remaining as positive outliers, and one practice additionally becoming a positive outlier.

Conclusion

This study showed a two‐fold GP practice variation in patient outcomes measured using the MSK‐HQ PROM. To our knowledge it is the first study to demonstrate that (a) a standardised case‐mix adjustment method can be used to fairly compare patient health outcome variation in GP care, and (b) that case‐mix adjustment changes benchmarking findings with regards to provider performance and outlier identification. This has important implications for identifying best practice exemplars and thereby helping to improve the quality of MSK primary care in the future.
An analytical model for a single‐well circulation system in a confined aquifer with a finite thickness well skin
Authors: Tu Kun , Wu Qiang , Zhang Nan , Liu Xiaoxiu
Published: March 2023

In this study, a general analytical model of a single‐well circulation system is developed to analyze transient drawdown in a confined aquifer considering the effects of a finite thickness well skin. The analytical solutions in the Laplace domain of transient drawdown in the skin and formation zones are obtained by applying the Laplace and Fourier cosine transforms. The Stehfest method is employed to numerically invert transient drawdown in the Laplace domain into the time domain. Meanwhile, the steady‐state solutions in the time domain for the skin and formation zones are also derived by using the Fourier cosine transform. The influence of different parameters on transient drawdown is investigated. The results show that the skin type and thickness have an enormous impact on drawdown in the skin zone, while their influence on drawdown in the formation zone is small and can be neglected. The sensitivity analysis, carried out to investigate the characteristics of drawdown with respect to each parameter, indicates that drawdowns in the skin and formation zones are highly sensitive to the sealed section's length.