bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective study on changes in blood variables in pregnant women at higher risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Yamada Takahiro , Ishikawa Satoshi , Yamada Takashi , Koyama Takahiro , Furuta Itsuko , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Satoshi , Minakami Hisanori
Published: July 2015

Aims

Echocardiography is necessary for the diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Multifetal pregnancies (MFP) and hypertensive disorders (HD) are prominent risk factors for PPCM. To determine which blood variables exhibit greater change in a late stage of pregnancy in women with MFP and/or HD compared with women with normotensive singleton pregnancies.

Methods and results

Serum levels of six variables—high‐sensitive troponin I (hs‐TnI), N‐terminal fragment of precursor protein brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase‐myocardial band, ferritin, and prolactin—were compared between 29 women with MFP (n = 13) and/or HD (n = 18) and 100 women with normotensive singleton pregnancies (control group). None of 129 women developed PPCM. All variables increased significantly peripartum in both groups. In 29 women with MFP and/or HD, the elevated hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP levels (median) were significantly higher compared with the control group (5.4 vs. 3.7 pg/mL for hs‐TnI with P = 0.002, 185 vs. 68 pg/mL for NT‐proBNP with P = 0.007), and the prevalence rate of more than 90th percentile value specific for the 129 women was significantly more frequent for hs‐TnI (>12.2 pg/mL; 31% [9/29] vs. 4.0% [4/100], P < 0.001) and tended to be more frequent for NT‐proBNP (>342 pg/mL; 21% [6/29] vs. 7.0%, P = 0.072).

Conclusions

Both hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP were likely to increase markedly in women with MFP and/or HD. The combination of hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP may contribute to better selection of candidates for echocardiography.
IL‐12‐polarized Th1 cells produce GM‐CSF and induce EAE independent of IL‐23
Authors: Grifka‐Walk Heather M. , Giles David A. , Segal Benjamin M.
Published: July 2015

CD4+ T‐helper (Th) cells reactive against myelin antigens mediate the mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is currently debated whether encephalitogenic Th cells are heterogeneous or arise from a single lineage. In the current study, we challenge the dogma that stimulation with the monokine IL‐23 is universally required for the acquisition of pathogenic properties by myelin‐reactive T cells. We show that IL‐12‐modulated Th1 cells readily produce IFN‐γ and GM‐CSF in the CNS of mice and induce a severe form of EAE via an IL‐23‐independent pathway. Th1‐mediated EAE is characterized by monocyte‐rich CNS infiltrates, elicits a strong proinflammatory cytokine response in the CNS, and is partially CCR2 dependent. Conversely, IL‐23‐modulated, stable Th17 cells induce EAE with a relatively mild course via an IL‐12‐independent pathway. These data provide definitive evidence that autoimmune disease can be driven by distinct CD4+ T‐helper‐cell subsets and polarizing factors.
Depositional development of the Muskeg Lake crevasse splay in the Cumberland Marshes (Canada)
Authors: Toonen Willem H. J. , van Asselen Sanneke , Stouthamer Esther , Smith Norman D.
Published: July 2015

Crevasse splays are common geomorphological features in alluvial and deltaic floodplains. Although crevasse splays can develop into full avulsions, thereby transforming large areas of floodbasins, little is known about their sedimentary and geomorphological development at the decadal scale and their avulsion potential. We used aerial photography and lithological cross‐sections to reconstruct crevasse‐splay formation in the largely unmanaged floodplain of the Saskatchewan River in the Cumberland Marshes (Saskatchewan, Canada). Based on surface geomorphology and subsurface deposits, various stages of crevasse‐splay development were described which were linked to both external forcing and internal morphodynamics. Initial splay deposition, following a levee breach during a large flood, occurred as a broad but relatively thin sandy sheet in a down‐basin direction in the receiving backswamp area. In a next phase, these primary crevasse‐splay deposits blocked local down‐basin flow, thereby forcing the crevasse‐splay channel in a direction perpendicular to the parent channel and original floodbasin gradient. This created an asymmetrical splay sequence composition, which differs in appearance from more commonly observed dendritic crevasse splays. It is concluded that sedimentation patterns in the splay have been influenced by inherited effects of previously formed deposits. Feedbacks of the original floodbasin gradient and earlier stages of splay formation are suggested as prominent mechanisms in creating the current morphology, orientation, and architecture of its deposits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublethal effects of multiwalled carbon nanotube exposure in the invertebrate Daphnia magna
Authors: Stanley Jacob K. , Laird Jennifer G. , Kennedy Alan J. , Steevens Jeffery A.
Published: July 2015

Carbon nanotubes were previously demonstrated to accumulate on the carapace and in the gut of daphnids in aquatic exposures. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure on the sublethal Daphnia magna endpoints swimming behavior, algal feeding, growth, and reproduction and to determine the relative magnitude of difference between lethal and sublethal toxicity thresholds in 48-h and 14-d exposures. A stable dispersion of MWCNTs was prepared using 100 mg/L natural organic matter (NOM), and all treatments were compared statistically to a NOM control. The swimming behavior endpoints of mean velocity and total distance moved were determined using digital tracking software. For the acute (48-h) exposure, a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 29.3 (23.6–36.3) mg/L and a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 6.7 mg/L in the swimming velocity endpoint were determined. When swimming response was nonmonotonic below 2 mg/L, consistent reductions in velocity were observed at 6.9 mg/L and above. Median effect concentrations were lower in the chronic (14-d) bioassay. The 14-d LC50 was 4.3 mg/L (3.3–5.6 mg/L), and the reproduction EC50 was 5.0 mg/L. Lowest-observed-effect concentrations for survival and reproduction were 5.4 mg/L and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. Significantly fewer (23.1%) algal cells were consumed in the 3.9-mg/L treatment relative to the control. No significant effects on swimming behavior were observed for the 14-d bioassay. Less traditional sublethal endpoints such as swimming behavior and feeding rate may be especially important to assess for MWCNTs and other materials expected to be more physically than chemically toxic through mechanisms such as gut clogging. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:200–204. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Temporality of perception during the consumption of French grape brandies with different aging times in relation with aroma compound release
Authors: Fiches Guillaume , Saint Eve Anne , Jourdren Solenne , Déléris Isabelle , Brunerie Pascal , Souchon Isabelle
Published: July 2015

Distilled beverages are appreciated by consumers for their aromatic richness and changes during product consumption, but mechanisms still remain unclear. In this context, the objective of the present study was to better understand the origin of temporal perception by a combined approach (dynamic sensory and instrumental) during the consumption of brandies with different aging and known to have different qualities. The five brandies were significantly perceived differently according to sensory profile results. Temporal sensory results showed common perception sequences between products in terms of taste and trigeminal sensations whereas different aromatic sequences were highlighted between products after they were spat out, depending mainly on their aging. Releases over consumption of some aroma compounds specific of brandy flavour were measured in panelist's nose by proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry. In all cases, similar release patterns were observed, although higher intensities were observed for esters in aged brandies, where they were at higher levels. It is therefore proposed that quantitative differences and not specific release patterns are at the origin of the observed pattern of temporal dominance of sensations. Aroma compounds from wood could also be possible at the origin of aromatic interactions with other perceptions, changing brandy overall perception. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive finite element method for the modeling of the equilibrium of red blood cells
Authors: Laadhari Aymen , Saramito Pierre , Misbah Chaouqi
Published: July 2015

This contribution is concerned with the numerical modeling of an isolated red blood cell (RBC), and more generally of phospholipid membranes. We propose an adaptive Eulerian finite element approximation, based on the level set method, of a shape optimization problem arising in the study of RBCs. We simulate the equilibrium shapes that minimize the elastic bending energy under prescribed constraints of fixed volume and surface area. An anisotropic mesh adaptation technique is used in the vicinity of the cell membrane to enhance the robustness of the method. Efficient time and spatial discretizations are considered and implemented. We address in detail the main features of the proposed method, and finally we report several numerical experiments in the two‐dimensional and the three‐dimensional axisymmetric cases. The effectiveness of the numerical method is further demonstrated through numerical comparisons withsemi‐analyticalsolutions provided by a reduced order model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Demand Responses to Illegal Drug Supply Interdictions
Authors: Cunningham Scott , Finlay Keith
Published: July 2015

Successful supply‐side interdictions into illegal drug markets are predicated on the responsiveness of drug prices to enforcement and the price elasticity of demand for addictive drugs. We present causal estimates that targeted interventions aimed at methamphetamine input markets (‘precursor control’) can temporarily increase retail street prices, but methamphetamine consumption is weakly responsive to higher drug prices. After the supply interventions, purity‐adjusted prices increased then quickly returned to pre‐treatment levels within 6–12 months, demonstrating the short‐term effects of precursor control. The price elasticity of methamphetamine demand is −0.13 to −0.21 for self‐admitted drug treatment admissions and between −0.24 and −0.28 for hospital inpatient admissions. We find some evidence of a positive cross‐price effect for cocaine, but we do not find robust evidence that increases in methamphetamine prices increased heroin, alcohol, or marijuana drug use. This study can inform policy discussions regarding other synthesized drugs, including illicit use of pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methoxetamine‐related deaths in the UK: an overview
Authors: Chiappini Stefania , Claridge Hugh , Corkery John M. , Goodair Christine , Loi Barbara , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: July 2015

Objective

The goal of this study is to provide an update on the data given on methoxetamine (MXE)‐related fatalities that occurred in 2011–2013, presented at the Second International Conference on Novel Psychoactive Substances.

Methods

Fatalities involving MXE were extracted from the database of the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths, which receives information on drug‐related deaths from Coroners in the UK and Islands (Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey) and other data suppliers.

Results

Eight cases, received by 3 September 2013, in which MXE was found at post‐mortem and/or directly implicated in the death and/or mentioned in the Coroner's verdict are described. The median age at death was 27 years, with the majority of White ethnicity (6/8) and male (7/8). MXE was used together with other substances in 7/8 cases. MXE was found at post‐mortem in all cases, directly implicated in the deaths of four and likely to have had an influence in two.

Conclusions

More research needs to be conducted into its health effects and toxicity potential. Health care professionals should be made aware of the potential health harms of MXE, in order to develop early intervention measures and minimise the number of MXE‐related poisonings and fatalities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venlafaxine as the ‘baby ecstasy’? Literature overview and analysis of web‐based misusers′ experiences
Authors: Francesconi Giulia , Orsolini Laura , Papanti Duccio , Corkery John M. , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Venlafaxine is one of the most frequently prescribed antidepressants worldwide, despite its toxicity risk in overdose. Furthermore, the molecule has been recently identified at the EU‐wide level as one of the novel psychoactive substances. This paper aims at investigating the potential of misuse, taking into account both the existing literature and the analysis of the misusers' experiences as described in venlafaxine misuse web reports.

Methods

A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Medline. Posts/threads relating to venlafaxine misuse issues were identified through Google® and Yahoo® English‐language searches. Resulting websites' data were then qualitatively assessed, and information was collected on a range of issues, including dosage, drug intake modalities, untoward drug effects, and association with other recreational drugs.

Results

A few literature case reports focusing on venlafaxine as a misusing drug were here identified. The molecule was here typically ingested or snorted at dosages up to 10–15 times higher than those clinically advised, obtaining MDMA/amphetamine‐like stimulant and psychedelic effects. Polydrug misuse was commonly reported. Venlafaxine appeared to be widely available online for sale.

Conclusions

Physicians should carefully evaluate patients for history of drug dependence and observe them for signs of venlafaxine misuse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing sexual desire and experience: an investigation of the sexual correlates of gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use
Authors: Kapitány‐Fövény Máté , Mervó Barbara , Corazza Ornella , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Farkas Judit , Urbán Róbert , Zacher Gábor , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: July 2015

Objective

Various studies have dealt with gamma‐hydroxybutyrate's (GHB) potential role in sexual assaults, while the sexual correlates of intentional recreational GHB use have not well been highlighted. Our study aims to explore GHB's sexual effects, the patterns of choice of sexual partners, the frequency of experienced blackouts, and endured sexual or acquisitory crimes as a result of GHB use.

Methods

Sixty recreational GHB users filled out a questionnaire on experienced subjective, somatic, and sexual effects of GHB, the frequency of blackouts due to their GHB use, and items on their sexual experiences in relation to GHB use.

Results

Of the sample, 25.9% reported increased sexual arousal as well as more intense attraction towards their sexual partners and increased sexual openness when using GHB; 34.8% had sexual intercourse with strangers, or with others, but not with their partners when using GHB; and 8.6% were victims of acquisitory crimes, whereas 3.4% were victims of a sexual assault. Furthermore, 24.6% typically experienced blackouts when using GHB.

Conclusion

Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate seems to be a potential substitute for both stimulant and depressant substances. Increased sexual desire and disinhibition may lead to a more frequent and potentially more riskful sexual activity. Experienced blackouts need to be considered as risk factors for suffering sexual or acquisitory crimes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doyen–Wilson Results for Odd Length Cycle Systems
Authors: Horsley Daniel , Hoyte Rosalind A.
Published: July 2015

For each odd , we completely solve the problem of when an m‐cycle system of order u can be embedded in an m‐cycle system of order v, barring a finite number of possible exceptions. In cases where u is large compared to m, where m is a prime power, or where , the problem is completely resolved. In other cases, the only possible exceptions occur when is small compared to m. This result is proved as a consequence of a more general result that gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an m‐cycle decomposition of a complete graph of order v with a hole of size u in the case where and both hold.
A multiproxy (micro‐XRF, pollen, chironomid and stable isotope) lake sediment record for the Lateglacial to Holocene transition from Thomastown Bog, Ireland
Authors: TURNER JONATHAN N. , HOLMES NAOMI , DAVIS STEPHEN R. , LENG MELANIE J. , LANGDON CATHERINE , SCAIFE ROBERT G.
Published: July 2015

A multiproxy Lateglacial environmental record is presented for a ca. 3.5‐m lacustrine sequence retrieved from a small basin (ca. 2 km2) at Thomastown Bog in County Meath, Ireland. Sediment chemistry, pollen, chironomid and stable isotope data provide a detailed picture of catchment and lake system changes from the end of the last glacial (GS‐2a) to the early Holocene that correspond closely to existing local and regional models of climate change. Concomitant adjustments in independent proxy records are matched to the NGRIP oxygen isotope curve giving 12 event‐episodes ranging from major climatic shifts to lower amplitude, centennial‐ to sub‐centennial‐scale adjustments, including a previously unreported regressive period of landscape instability during the north‐west European ‘Rammelbeek Phase’. The study emphasizes the potential of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from sediment chemistry where the sediment mixing system reflects autochthonous versus allochthonous inputs. The investigation also indicates problems of interpreting isotope data derived from bulk marl due to possible lag effects controlling the delivery of soil and groundwater and multiple sources of HCO3– (aq.). These research findings have implications for core site selection and for studies attempting to use stable isotopes for correlation purposes.
Study of the spectro‐chemical signatures of cobalt–manganese layered oxides (asbolane–lithiophorite and their intermediates) by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Burlet C. , Vanbrabant Y.
Published: July 2015

In this study, Raman microspectroscopy is applied to investigate two manganese oxide phases: lithiophorite [(Al,Li)Mn4+O2(OH)2] and asbolane [(Ni,Co)xMn4+(O,OH)4·nH2O], along with their intermediates (‘asbolane–lithiophorite intermediates’: ALI). These oxides typically incorporate variable concentrations of Co, Ni, Cu and Li. They represent a group of economically interesting phases that are difficult to identify and characterize with classical X‐ray diffraction techniques. We show that Raman micro spectroscopy is useful to the investigation of those phases, but they require to be tested in very low laser power conditions to avoid sample degradation (e.g. 0.2 mW with λ = 532 nm). We propose reference Raman spectroscopic signatures for lithiophorite, asbolane and ALI phases. These spectra are mainly composed of two spectral domains, the first one is located between 370 and 630 cm−1 and the second one between 900 and 1300 cm−1. We then assess the impact of their highly variable chemistry on their Raman peak positions, intensities and FWHM using a semi‐systematic curve‐fitting method profiled for these phases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The DNA index as a prognostic tool in hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kamphues Carsten , Al‐Abadi Nadine , Bova Roberta , Rademacher Sebastian , Al‐Abadi Hussein , Klauschen Frederick , Bahra Marcus , Neuhaus Peter , Pratschke Johann , Seehofer Daniel
Published: July 2015

Background and Objectives

Due to the devastating prognosis of patients suffering from hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) valid prognostic factors are urgently needed to guide treatment decisions in a personalized concept. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of the DNA index in a large single‐center cohort of patients undergoing resection of HCCA.

Methods

A total of 154 patients who underwent resection of HCCA were included in this prospective study. The DNA index was assessed by image cytometry of fresh tumor samples and correlated, as well as standard histopathological parameters, with patient survival.

Results

The median DNA index was 1.61 ± 0.32. Univariate survival analysis identified eight parameters including DNA index, but not DNA ploidy as prognostic markers. In the Cox proportional hazard model DNA index (P = 0.021), tumor size (P = 0.029) and lymph nodes status (P = 0.039) could be shown to be independent predictors of patient survival.

Conclusion

The DNA index represents an independent prognostic marker in HCCA which is superior to most standard histopathological factors. Since the DNA index can be assessed not only post‐ but also preoperatively, it might be a potential tool in the preoperative decision‐making process. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:214–218. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Halomethane production by vanadium‐dependent bromoperoxidase in marine Synechococcus
Authors: Johnson Todd L. , Brahamsha Bianca , Palenik Brian , Mühle Jens
Published: July 2015

To investigate the role of vanadium‐dependent bromoperoxidase (VBPO) for the production of halogenated methanes in marine prokaryotes, we measured VBPO activity and halomethane production in two strains of Synechococcus; one with VBPO (strain CC9311) and one without VBPO (strain WH8102). A mutant strain of CC9311, VMUT2, in which the gene for VBPO is disrupted, was also tested. A suite of halomethanes was measured in the headspace above cultures as well as in the culture medium with a purge‐and‐trap method. Monohalomethanes were the most consistently produced molecules among the three strains tested. Additionally, CC9311 produced 301 ± 109 molecules cell−1 d−1 of bromoform (CHBr3) when VBPO activity was detected, while production was not significantly different from zero when VBPO activity was not detected. VBPO activity and CHBr3 production were only detected when cultures of CC9311 were stirred, which may contribute to the often moderate to weak correlations between CHBr3 concentration and biological markers in the ocean. No production was seen by VMUT2 or WH8102. These data show that CHBr3 production rates are dramatically increased with or exclusive to the presence of VBPO, supporting its involvement in CHBr3 synthesis. This study thus provides genetic evidence that certain strains of marine Synechococcus, under particular conditions, can be a natural source of marine CHBr3, which contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere.
Nitrogen loads explain primary productivity in estuaries at the ecosystem scale
Authors: Woodland Ryan J. , Thomson James R. , Mac Nally Ralph , Reich Paul , Evrard Victor , Wary Fiona Y. , Walker Jeffrey P. , Cook Perran L. M.
Published: July 2015

Increased nutrient loads stimulate estuary primary productivity and can alter the structure and function of biological communities within estuaries, particularly when producer groups respond differently to changes in nutrient availability. Here, the relative influence of riverine inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were compared to determine their contribution to estuarine primary producers at large spatial scales. Indices of demersal (extent of macroalgae relative to other vegetation, total shallow water area vegetated) and planktonic (seasonally averaged chlorophyll concentration) primary producer communities were derived at whole‐of‐ecosystem scales in 14 estuaries dispersed across a longitudinal gradient using aerial imaging, underwater videography and in situ monitoring. A model selection framework was used to relate annual nutrient loads (total nitrogen [TN], dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN], total phosphorus [TP]), sediment loads (TSS), molar stoichiometric load ratios (TNM: TPM), and estuary water residence times to the demersal and planktonic indices. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was the best predictor of the extent of macroalgae, total vegetation coverage, and the concentration of planktonic chlorophyll. Rapid increases in all three indices occurred at inorganic nitrogen loads of ∼ 5–10 Mg km−2 yr−1. There was some evidence that TNM: TPM, TP and TSS loads were informative model covariates. Relative to DIN loads, TP loads were a poor predictor of the macroalgal and planktonic indices. These findings underscore the critical role of catchment‐derived nitrogen in contributing to producer communities at the whole‐of‐ecosystem scale and support the growing consensus that nitrogen loads (in addition to phosphorus) must be managed to effectively alleviate eutrophication in estuaries.
Invariants of third‐order ordinary differential equations y′′′=f(x,y,y′,y′′) via point transformations
Authors: Al‐Dweik Ahmad Y. , Mustafa M. T. , Azad H. , Mahomed F. M.
Published: July 2015

A new systematic method to find the relative invariant differentiation operators is developed. We incorporate this new approach with Lie's infinitesimal method to study the general class y′′′ = f(x, y, y′, y′′) under general point equivalence transformations in the generic case.As a result, all third‐order differential invariants, relative and absolute invariant differentiation operators are determined for third‐order ODEs y′′′ = f(x, y, y′, y′′), which are not quadratic in the second‐order derivative. These relative invariant differentiation operators are used to determine the fourth‐order differential invariants and absolute invariant differentiation operators in a degenerate case of interest. As an application, invariant descriptions of all the canonical forms in the complex planewith four infinitesimal symmetries for third‐order ODEs y′′′ = f(x, y, y′, y′′), which are not quadratic in the second‐order derivative, are provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the energy‐conserved S‐FDTD scheme for variable coefficient Maxwell's equations in disk domains
Authors: Li Wanshan , Liang Dong
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we analyze the energy‐conserved splitting finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) scheme for variable coefficient Maxwell's equations in two‐dimensional disk domains. The approach is energy‐conserved, unconditionally stable, and effective. We strictly prove that the EC‐S‐FDTD scheme for the variable coefficient Maxwell's equations in disk domains is of second order accuracy both in time and space. It is also strictly proved that the scheme is energy‐conserved, and the discrete divergence‐free is of second order convergence. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results, and practical test is simulated as well to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed EC‐S‐FDTD scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Location performance fading for multiple disturbances in distributed Sagnac optical fiber interferometer
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Pi Shaohua , Jia Bo , Sun Qi , Zhao Dong
Published: July 2015

Four situations of multiple disturbances, pulse to pulse, pulse to ultrasonic, ultrasonic to ultrasonic, and triple ultrasonic at different distances have been tested and located by an improved twice‐fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm in this article. The spectrum of the phase difference is performed by autocorrelation to improve peak concentration. Location performance decays to 57 m and 181 m when pulse and ultrasonic are applied at 100 km and 90 km simultaneously. Moreover, the energy ratio of one disturbance to others should be no less than 0. 3825 to be correctly located, which means that the number of detectable disturbances limits to three. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2294–2298, 2015
A compact dual‐band frequency‐reconfigurable textile antenna for wearable applications
Authors: Tahir Farooq A. , Javed Ambreen
Published: July 2015

This communication presents a flexible, low‐profile, frequency‐tunable textile antenna for body area wireless communication. The antenna operates in both instrument, scientific and measurment (ISM), 2.45 GHz and wireless local area network (WLAN), 5 GHz bands. It features with an overall 5 × 23.5 mm2 compact planar geometry consisting of a well‐optimized slotted radiating patch fabricated using conductive copper tape on Denim material as a very common flexible textile substrate. The antenna radiates unidirectionally, and the ground plane made up with copper tape avoids radiation coupling to the users’ body. A single PIN diode with simple biasing circuitry is used to tune the antenna between the two operating bands. The performance of the antenna in free space as well as under bending conditions and when placed on the body is presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2251–2257, 2015
A new frequency‐reconfigurable antenna using coupling patterns for mobile handsets
Authors: Lee Won‐Woo , Cho Yong‐Sang
Published: July 2015

This letter focuses on the design of a new frequency‐reconfigurable antenna for a mobile handset application. The proposed antenna supports the most important long‐term evolution bands: band 17 (704–746 MHz), band 13 (746–787 MHz), band 5 (824–894 MHz), and band 8 (880–960 MHz). A digital variable capacitor (DVC) is used via a coupling pattern proximity to the aperture of an inverted F antenna (IFA) to which a single‐pole single throw RF switch is connected to take advantages of the two different kinds of tuning elements. We show that the proposed antenna is able to have a quasicontinuous and wide range of frequency tuning capabilities over 700–960 MHz through simulations and experiments. We also show that the coupled aperture used for connection of the DVC to the aperture of IFA is helpful for reducing the ohmic losses in the DVC from the antenna efficiency degradation which is the most important figure of merit for frequency reconfigurable antennas based on the active tuning elements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2333–2336, 2015
CDR antenna with dual‐band 1.9/2.7 GHz for MIMO‐LTE terminals
Authors: Messaoudene Idris , Denidni Tayeb A. , Benghalia Abdelmadjid
Published: July 2015

In this letter, we present a compact dual‐band dielectric resonator antenna for multi‐input multi‐output antenna is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna consists of a single cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) excited from two orthogonal ports. The electromagnetic analysis is performed using the CST microwave studio software. To validate the proposed concept, experimental measurements are also performed. The measured results show that the CDRA provides two bands around 1.9 and 2.7 GHz, suitable for LTE applications. Moreover, the proposed design allows a very good isolation between the two ports and a low envelop correlation coefficient. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2388–2391, 2015
Bioinspired multiobjective synthesis of X‐band FSS via general regression neural network and cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Neto M. C. Alcantara , Araújo J. P. L. , Barros F. J. B. , Silva A. N. , Cavalcante G. P. S. , D'Assunção A. G.
Published: July 2015

A bioinspired hybrid multiobjective optimization technique that associates a general regression neural network and a cuckoo search algorithm is proposed for microwave applications. This study is focused on the simulation, design, and synthesis of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with triangular ring patch elements printed on fiberglass substrates (FR4). The proposed technique aims, for example, to design FSSs with specific values for the resonance frequency and bandwidth in the frequency range from 8 to 12 GHz. For validation purpose, a bandstop FSS filter, centered at 11 GHz and with a 4 GHz bandwidth, was synthesized, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is reported. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2400–2405, 2015
PMMA microfiber coated with al‐doped ZnO nanostructures for detecting uric acid
Authors: Irawati N. , Harun S. W. , Adwan S. , Alnowami M. , Ahmad H.
Published: July 2015

A biosensor is demonstrated using the fabricated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microfiber, which is coated with Al‐doped ZnO nanostructure using a sol‐gel process, used as the probe. The change in the transmitted light intensity from the PMMA microfiber‐based sensor with the increase in uric acid concentration is investigated. It is observed that the light power linearly decreases with the increase in uric acid concentration. As the uric acid concentration increases from 0 to 500 ppm, the transmitted light intensity reduces from −31.54 to −36.54 dBm. It is found that the sensor has a sensitivity of 0.010 dB/ppm with a good linearity of more than 99%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2455–2457, 2015
A novel dual‐band antenna based on corrugated slotted‐complementary split‐ring resonators
Authors: Sassi Imene , Talbi Larbi , Hettak Khelifa
Published: July 2015

This article presents the design of a dual‐band microstrip patch antenna. The proposed patch antenna is based on a novel metamaterial structure named the corrugated slotted‐complementary split‐ring resonators. By loading this new inclusion on the ground plane of a conventional patch antenna, a second resonance frequency can be created. The corrugated slotted split‐ring resonator has a minor effect on the first operating band which is generated by the patch. A prototype of this antenna has been designed for operation on the industrial‐scientific‐medical band (2.4 GHz) and the WLAN band (5.8 GHz). The prototype has been fabricated and measured, achieving good performances for both resonance frequencies. A good agreement between experimental and simulation results is obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2310–2315, 2015
Measuring superdirective electrically small antenna arrays mounted on PCBs
Authors: Haskou Abdullah , Collardey Sylvain , Sharaiha Ala
Published: July 2015

This article addresses the problem of measuring superdirective electrically small antennas mounted on printed circuit broads (PCBs). Different configurations for connecting the excitation system (SMA connector and coaxial cable) to an array of 31 × 25 mm2 integrated in a PCB of 110 × 70 mm2 are studied. This configurations are evaluated based on the cable effect on the array's input reflection coefficient and radiation pattern. Obtained results show that properly connecting the cable with the array mitigates its effect, and hence, it can be measured. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2269–2274, 2015
Internet Versus DVD Decision Aids for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Allen Kelli D. , Sanders Linda L. , Olsen Maren K. , Bowlby Lynn , Katz Jeffrey N. , Mather Richard C. , Williams John W.
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Decision aids (DAs) can improve multiple decision‐making outcomes, but it is not known whether different formats of delivery differ in their effectiveness or acceptability. The present study compared the effectiveness and acceptability of internet and DVD formats of DAs for osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Patients with hip or knee OA were randomized to view an internet or DVD format DA, which provided information on OA treatments. Measures were collected at baseline, immediately after viewing the DA and then 30 days later. Outcomes included: Hip/Knee OA Decision Quality Instrument – Knowledge Subscale (HK‐DQI Knowledge), Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), Preparation for Decision Making Scale (PDMS), Stage of Decision Making, and Acceptability of DAs. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine changes in HK‐DQI Knowledge and DCS scores over time, between decision aid groups and within the sample overall. Group differences in the PDMS scale (assessed once, immediately after DA viewing) were estimated using a Wilcoxon rank sums test.

Results

Among 155 participants in the study, the mean age was 61.8 years, 60.6% were women and 58.1% were Caucasian. HK‐DQI Knowledge scores improved over time (p < 0.001), although there was some attenuation by the 30‐day follow‐up; there was no difference between the two DA groups (p = 0.448). DCS scores decreased markedly for both groups (p < 0.001) and improvements were maintained by the 30‐day follow‐up (means: internet: baseline = 25.0, 30‐day = 6.9; DVD: baseline = 25.0, 30‐day = 6.2); there was no difference between the two DA groups (p = 0.808). PDMS scores were higher for the DVD group than the internet group (85.2 versus 74.9, p = 0.005). Stage of Decision Making became more certain after viewing the DA for both groups, with even more certainty indicated at 30‐day follow‐up. Acceptability items indicated positive perceptions of both DAs.

Discussion

Internet and DVD DAs were associated with meaningful, comparable improvements in decision‐making outcomes in patients with knee and hip OA. DAs are inexpensive to disseminate and could be valuable tools for enhancing care for OA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general approximation of the exponential Cauchy–Born hypothesis to model arbitrarily shaped shell‐like nanostructures within continuum mechanics
Authors: Findeisen Claudio , Wackerfuß Jens
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a continuum membrane theory and its subsequent finite element approximation for the description of arbitrary shell‐like nanostructures such as graphene‐based nanostructures is presented. This is carried out by applying a multiscale approach where the continuum membrane is linked to the underlying atomistic lattice. This linkage is performed by the exponential generalization of the Cauchy–Born hypothesis, because the classical Cauchy–Born hypothesis is restricted to three‐dimensional bulk structures and is thus not applicable to shell‐like structures. However, the approximations of the exponential Cauchy–Born hypothesis published so far are limited to structures with a planar reference configuration. In this paper, we present an extended approximation, which does not require the reference configuration to be planar and is thus applicable to arbitrarily shaped shell‐like nanostructures. A detailed elaboration of the related finite element implementation with important computational aspects is presented. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method and its implementation is verified with several numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the Optimal Donation Acceptance Policy for Nonprofit Stores
Authors: Shearer Robert , Carpentier Kelly
Published: July 2015

Many nonprofits derive a considerable amount of their financial support from the resale of donated items. Given the razor‐thin margins at which many of these organizations operate, it is critical that they maximize the proceeds that come from the sale of these items. To do so, nonprofits require policies that guide their donation acceptance decisions so as to optimize revenue generation. This article presents research about how to determine the optimal donation acceptance policy for Habitat for Humanity. Habitat affiliates sell donated material at their ReStores, or discount home improvement centers, and the revenue from the ReStores directly supports the building of new homes. Several constraints limit the revenue that the ReStores derive from the donated items, including the supply rate of items from donors, the demand rate of items from customers, and the space limitations of the ReStores. We developed a two‐step method to determine the optimal acceptance policy—the daily amount of donations to accept to maximize revenue. This approach increases revenue by up to 20 percent and additionally provides insights into pricing options, marketing strategy, and optimal store size.
Two‐year trends in psychological outcomes after gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity
Authors: Järvholm Kajsa , Karlsson Jan , Olbers Torsten , Peltonen Markku , Marcus Claude , Dahlgren Jovanna , Gronowitz Eva , Johnsson Per , Flodmark Carl‐Erik
Published: July 2015

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate changes in mental health over 2 years in adolescents undergoing gastric bypass.

Methods

Eighty‐eight adolescents (65% girls) aged 13 to 18 years were assessed at baseline and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Generic and obesity‐specific questionnaires were used to evaluate outcomes in mental health, also in relation to age‐ and gender‐specific norms.

Results

Symptoms of anxiety (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.001), anger (P = 0.001), and disruptive behavior (P = 0.022) were significantly reduced at 2 years after surgery, as were obesity‐related problems (P < 0.001). Self‐esteem (P < 0.001), self‐concept (P < 0.001), and overall mood (P = 0.025) improved significantly. Improvements were mainly observed during the first year after surgery. The second year was characterized by stabilization. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, and self‐concept were at normative levels after surgery. However, 19% of the adolescents had depressive symptoms in the clinical range.

Conclusions

A substantial improvement in mental health in adolescents over the first 2 years after gastric bypass was found. Most adolescents had a level of mental health and self‐concept similar to norms, but a marked subgroup showed substantial depressive symptoms 2 years after surgery.
Biomimetic triblock and multiblock copolymers containing l‐Phenylalanine moieties showing healing and enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Hendrich Michael , Lewerdomski Lars , Vana Philipp
Published: July 2015

Triblock and multiblock copolymers of methyl acrylate containing short blocks of the hydrogen bonding monomer N‐acryloyl‐l‐phenylalanine were prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in two steps using a bifunctional trithiocarbonate for the triblock copolymer and a polyfunctional trithiocarbonate for the multiblock copolymer. The polymer materials were investigated via tensile testing showing that the hydrogen bonding monomer induces a pronounced increase in toughness. The toughness of the material is further enhanced when going from triblock to multiblock topology. Both types of copolymer display a very strong healing effect, with the samples' toughness (which is increased by drawing) becoming even larger after breaking and healing. Already, a very small content of only 0.1 mol % of N‐acryloyl‐l‐phenylalanine improves the mechanical properties of these thermoplastic elastomers significantly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2809–2819
Graft modification of crystalline nanocellulose by Cu(0)‐mediated SET living radical polymerization
Authors: Wang Hai‐Dong , Roeder Ryan D. , Whitney Ralph A. , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F.
Published: July 2015

Crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) was grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) to yield modified CNC that is readily dispersed in a range of organic solvents [including tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], in contrast to native CNC which is dispersible primarily in aqueous solutions. First, a CNC macroinitiator with high bromine initiator density was prepared through a 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated esterification reaction in DMSO‐based dispersant. MA was then grafted from the CNC macroinitiator through SET living radical polymerization (LRP) at room temperature using Cu(0) (copper wire) as the catalyst. The LRP grafting proceeded rapidly, with ∼30% monomer conversion achieved within 30 min, yielding approximately six times the mass of PMA with respect to CNC macroinitiator. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2800–2808
Multilevel Functional Principal Component Analysis of Façade Sound Insulation Data
Authors: Argiento Raffaele , Bissiri Pier Giovanni , Pievatolo Antonio , Scrosati Chiara
Published: July 2015

This work analyzes data from an experimental study on façade sound insulation, consisting of independent repeated measurements executed by different laboratories on the same residential building. Mathematically, data can be seen as functions describing an acoustic parameter varying with frequency. The aim of this study is twofold. On one hand, considering the laboratory as the grouping variable, it is important to assess the within‐group and between‐group variability in the measurements. On the other hand, in building acoustics, it is known that sound insulation is more variable at low frequencies (from 50 to 100Hz), compared with higher frequencies (up to 5000Hz), and therefore, a multilevel functional model is employed to decompose the functional variance both at the measurement level and at the group level. This decomposition also allows for the ranking of the laboratories on the basis of measurement variability and performance at low frequencies (relative high variability) and over the whole spectrum. The former ranking is obtained via the principal component scores and the latter via an original Bayesian extension of the functional depth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P‐78: A Novel Autostereoscopic Display without Moiré
Authors: Niu Lei , Li Jialing , Ma Jun , Ling Zhihua , Wu Tianyi , Huo Sitao , Yao Qijun , Huang Jason
Published: July 2015

Based on Fourier transfer analysis of 3D display, we will deduce theoretical conditions to realize 3D display without moiré. A novel high resolution 3D display is therefore developed using newly proposed pixel rendering. Measurement results of the 3D display are discussed regarding its moiré‐free performance.
P‐81: Non‐Quasi Static Measurement in Random Network Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors for Next‐Generation Displays
Authors: Shin Hyeonwoo , Park Su‐Yeon , Ha Tae‐Jun , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2015

We investigated the charge transport properties of the random networks of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based thin film transistors (TFTs) by using the transient analysis and compared its non‐quasi‐static (NQS) characteristics with steady‐state characteristics. Using NQS measurement we extracted the dynamic mobility (µdynamic) and the velocity distribution of the dynamic charge carriers. Our results provide additional information to understand charge transport mechanisms in SWCNT‐FETs for active‐matrix backplaneshis.
P‐117: The Transmittance Study of the Photo Alignment FFS LC Mode
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Chao , Hsieh Chung‐Ching , Song Yan‐Jun , Li Xiang , Zhao Ren‐Tang , Lee Chia‐Yu , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Lien Alan
Published: July 2015

We have investigated a photo alignment material for fringe field switching (FFS) liquid crystal display and it has good alignment performance. It realizes alignment by irradiating linearly polarized light with wavelength of 254nm. We have investigated the factors that affect the transmittance in photo alignment FFS mode. The transmittance becomes smaller with the alignment angle increasing. The transmittance is also affected by the L/S width of the ITO electrode, it becomes smaller with the L/S increasing. The LC type also affect the transmittance, we can get higher transmittance using negative LC.
P‐6: Impact of Buffer Layers on the Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate a‐IGZO TFT Characteristics
Authors: Nag Manoj , Smout Steve , Bhoolokam Ajay , Muller Robert , Ameys Marc , Myny Kris , Schols Sarah , Cobb Brian , Kumar Abhishek , Gelinck Gerwin , Murata Mitsuhiro , Groeseneken Guido , Heremans Paul , Steudel Soeren
Published: July 2015

In this work we present the impact of buffer layers deposited by various techniques such as plasma enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques on self‐aligned (SA) top gate amorphous‐Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (a‐IGZO) TFT characteristics. Finally an optimized layer was integrated in TFT backplane on polyimide (PI) foil and a QQVGA AMOLED display is demonstrated.