bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholas y pishtacos : relatos de raza y sexo en los Andes, por Mary Weismantel.
Authors: Martínez Quijano Natalia
Published: September 2021

Con destreza, Mary Weismantel nos muestra su experticia y agudeza etnográfica en un libro que expone las continuas contradicciones de la vida andina a través de la indagación y análisis sobre las nociones de raza, sexo, clase y género. Elabora un tejido excepcional en el que recoge sus experiencias de campo a lo largo de los Andes entre 1982-1987, suma las narraciones de otros etnógrafos del Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador, acude a teorizaciones amplias de las ciencias sociales y explora la literatura, fotografía y escultura regionales para presentarnos dos personajes conocidos en la cotidianidad de los Andes: la chola y el pishtaco. A todas luces, un relato sensible y descriptivo que ofrece una visión innovadora a la antropología y etnografía andinas.
Maestras y pioneras : condiciones para el acceso de la mujer a la educación superior en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Authors: Lozano Cruz Marinella
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este texto es analizar condiciones culturales, políticas y económicas que permitieron que desde inicios del siglo XX las mujeres en Colombia se abrieran paso en la formación universitaria y en la administración pública. Para esto, se hizo una revisión de prensa y se analizaron fuentes secundarias para identificar casos particulares de mujeres que a principios del siglo XX tuvieron acceso a la educación superior y cuya formación contribuyó al acceso de otras mujeres a la formación universitaria. A partir de este análisis, se encontró que el acceso de las mujeres a la educación fue resultado de condiciones interdependientes y no de situaciones particulares aisladas en las que resultó fundamental la formación inicial que como maestras recibieron dichas mujeres.
Transitar la vía del desarrollo: entre ausencias y envidias
Authors: Alfonso Sarmiento María Alejandra
Published: September 2021

A través de una conversación re-creada sobre y con las mujeres de la Asociación de Mujeres Emprendedoras de Guatavita (AMEG), este artículo pretende mostrar de qué manera en AMEG se encuentran caminos para transitar la vía del desarrollo. Esto implica enfrentarse, aceptar, adaptarse, ocultarse y subvertir los supuestos tecnocientíficos y la normatividad internacional del sector lácteo en Colombia. Este tránsito se da entre formas productivas sinérgicas, en las que se conjuga la reciprocidad, los saberes-haceres propios, el cambio y la envidia. Esta última, se convierte en una manera de regular la acumulación para mantener la reciprocidad y, a la vez, es una explicación de los fracasos de los proyectos que llegan a la asociación.
Barreras institucionales para la implementación del sistema educativo indígena propio –SEIP– en el departamento de Caldas
Authors: García Sánchez Carolina , Hernández Juan Sebastián
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo plantea una elucidación en torno a las dificultades con las que se han encontrado las comunidades indígenas del departamento de Caldas en su intento por implementar el SEIP (Sistema Educativo Indígena Propio). El análisis se apoya en los trabajos de Bonfil, Bourdieu y Passeron. Se desarrolla una metodología que articula el Estudio de Caso con el Análisis de Documento y la Investigación Acción Participación. Primero, se toma como ejemplo el proceso de Educación Propia implementado en la región del Cauca desde finales de la década del setenta y, segundo, se identifican factores institucionales que han influido en la implementación del SEIP en Caldas. Se concluye que la falta de políticas públicas encaminadas al fortalecimiento y recuperación de la heterogeneidad de los habitus de las comunidades indígenas potencia la amenaza de su desaparición.
Tanguá Benach. Ancestros, tierra y andares
Authors: Chaustre Fandiño Laura Viviana
Published: September 2021

Este texto trata de caminar por tanguá benach,camino ancestral del pueblo indígena Camëntsá. La autora puso las huellas; trata de organizar la palabra, narrar, otra forma de andar y hacer camino. Mientras va, viene, y en devuélvase está el misterio. Es una etnografía del camino, de la vida y de la muerte, de los ancestros y de la tierra de la que somos; es una etnografía de los andares.
La magia: encuentros entre episteme y escritura
Authors: Ayala Tovar Laura
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo se encarga de indagar sobre la magia en tanto asunto transversal e interdisciplinar. Para el caso, es a partir de Frazer, Foucault y Derrida que se traza una hoja de ruta para pensar y zanjar las condiciones de posibilidad que dan forma al acto mágico, y que permiten pensarlo desde las prácticas “primitivas” descritas por el antropólogo escocés, pasando por la episteme del siglo XVI, hasta llegar a la escritura y su comprensión como phármakon. Esto con el objetivo de esbozar, tal vez, las continuidades y discontinuidades de la herencia de un pensamiento mágico.
Produzindo o público e o privado no deslocar e no habitar: diálogos cruzados entre etnografias de práticas de caronas e de formações permaculturais no espaço urbano
Authors: Hilal Renata , Neves Yuri Rosa
Published: September 2021

Desenhar fronteiras entre espaço público e privado nas cidades urbanas contemporâneas se articula com reflexões sobre a ação de intervenção do Estado para regulação do uso comum do espaço frente aos interesses e demandas de uso privado de indivíduos, grupos sociais, e/ou corporações. Se a posse coletiva dos espaços remete aos domínios de ação de diversos agentes monitorados pelo Estado em função de seu poder de governabilidade (Foucault, 2012), a apropriação privada dos espaços tende a ser associada a figura do indivíduo e a esfera de suas ações. A proposta deste trabalho surge do diálogo entre duas pesquisas etnográficas: uma sobre a prática de deslocamento de carona na cidade de Florianópolis (SC, Brasil) e a outra sobre as práticas de formação e construção de habitação permaculturais em Porto Alegre e Pelotas (RS, Brasil). Nos interessa pensar como estas podem vir a borrar e desestabilizar fronteiras imaginadas/construídas entre o que é público e privado a partir de um olhar para as infraesutruturas (Star, 1999;  Larkin, 2013).
La huida de la Sirena. Una narrativa del desastre de la desecación y el despojo en los pueblos ribereños al noreste de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Mendoza Fragoso Ariana
Published: September 2021

En este artículo, analizo los sentidos locales del proceso histórico de desecación del último de los lagos sobre los que se fundó la Ciudad de México hace más de setecientos años: el lago de Texcoco. Destaco una narrativa local sobre la huida de una Sirena, como un registro de significado que da sentido a la desaparición del lago en términos de una pérdida dolorosa y de despojo para la población de la orilla nororiental del lago. Asimismo, esta narrativa sugiere pensar la desecación histórica de la cuenca de México como un desastre progresivo y vigente. De tal manera, el objetivo que persigue este escrito es explorar los vínculos que guardan los proyectos de desarrollo, los desastres lentos y las formas múltiples del despojo. Muestro que el despojo se ha materializado y significado de formas particulares y desiguales en distintos periodos de tiempo. Destaco tres momentos para indagar sobre las formas en que se coproducen, junto al desastre, distintas e inclusive contradictorias modalidades de despojo, que van más allá del arrebato o  cercamiento de los bienes colectivos.
“Plantas que toda la vida han estado” 1 : una co-investigación alrededor de la cocina y las relaciones bioculturales asociadas a plantas alimenticias locales en la ruralidad de Bogotá
Authors: Consuegra Cristina , Ortiz Stefan , Cely Santos Marcela , Van der Hammen María Clara , Pérez Darío
Published: September 2021

A través de un proceso de co-investigación con sabedores de la ruralidad bogotana, se documentaron prácticas culinarias tradicionales y se realizaron encuentros para conversar sobre sus implicaciones territoriales y los desafíos de sus transformaciones. El diálogo permitió reactivar la memoria y las percepciones que, desde la cocina, remiten al territorio, y conversar sobre los riesgos y potencialidades de las innovaciones en las prácticas suscitadas, considerando la porosidad de las fronteras urbano-rurales. Se evidencia una persistencia de conocimientos y relaciones con la biodiversidad local, que representan un acervo esencial para pensar la conservación y dinamización de la diversidad biocultural y su integración como parte del patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial de Bogotá.
Step 1: Swab sample collection v1
Authors: H L Krijger Peter , A Hoek Tim , Boersma Sanne , I P M Donders Lieke , M C Broeders Maaike , Pieterse Mark , W Toonen Pim , Logister Ive , M P Verhagen Bram , J A M Verstegen Marjon , W van Ravesteyn Thomas , J T M Roymans Rene , Mattiroli Francesca , Vandesompele Jo , Nijhuis Monique , Meijer Stefan , van Weert Anton , Dekker Edwin , J Dom Fred , Ruijtenbeek Rob , B J van der Velden Lieven , H B van de Bovenkamp Jeroen , Bosch Martijn , de Laat Wouter , E Tanenbaum Marvin
Published: September 2021

One of the most critical innovations within STRIP is the collection of samples in small tubes (0.8 ml compared with 5–15 ml in standard diagnostics) with virus-inactivating and RNA-stabilizing lysis buffer (InActiv Blue) spiked with a control RNA (PDV). The use of small tubes enables the collection of sample tubes in small 96-tube boxes at sample collection sites. These 96-tube boxes are directly compatible with automated sample processing in the lab without slow and often laborious transfer of samples from collection tubes to plates that are compatible with robotics.
Bead preparation protocol v1
Authors: H L Krijger Peter , A Hoek Tim , Boersma Sanne , I P M Donders Lieke , M C Broeders Maaike , Pieterse Mark , W Toonen Pim , Logister Ive , M P Verhagen Bram , J A M Verstegen Marjon , W van Ravesteyn Thomas , J T M Roymans Rene , Mattiroli Francesca , Vandesompele Jo , Nijhuis Monique , Meijer Stefan , van Weert Anton , Dekker Edwin , J Dom Fred , Ruijtenbeek Rob , B J van der Velden Lieven , H B van de Bovenkamp Jeroen , Bosch Martijn , de Laat Wouter , E Tanenbaum Marvin
Published: September 2021

STRIP is a start-to-end streamlined and automated procedure for COVID-19 testing, centering on a single Tecan Fluent liquid-handling robot that can process over 14,000 samples per day. Here we describe the protocol to prepare the magnetic beads that are currently used in STRIP. Note, in this protocol we use Sera-Mag SpeedBead Carboxylate-Modified Magnetic Particles (Hydrophobic) from Cytivia, but other beads such as SeraSil Mag 400 beads (Cytiva) can be used as substitutes.
Epidemiological and clinical features of lymphoproliferative diseases in the head and neck region
Authors: Kamolova F. Sh. , Mudunov A. M. , Zeynalova P. A. , Grivtsova L. Yu. , Allakhverdieva G. F. , Azizyan R. I. , Akhundov A. A. , Zaderenko I. A. , Bolotin M. V. , Stelmakh D. K. , Sokorutov V. I. , Il’kaev K. D. , Tsiklauri V. T. , Gelfand I. M. , Pak M. B. , Timofeeva O. L. , Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Chzhao Ts.
Published: September 2021

Background. Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of the lymphoid and hematopoietic system tumors. Neoplastic process often develops in head and neck area, including the integumentary tissues, orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, salivary glands, thyroid gland, as well as neck lymph nodes. The difficulties of head and neck lymphomas diagnosis are significant, since very often there is a combined non-tumor pathology. The high heterogeneity of lymphomas in the head and neck area requires structuring knowledge about their epidemiology and clinical manifestations.

Objective: to study the epidemiological and clinical features of the head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases, which will lead to an improvement in diagnostic quality of this nosology’s.

Materials and methods. The frequency of head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases detection was estimated based on the study of epicrisis and clinical data of 174 patients hospitalized at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2000 to 2020.

Results. Taking into account the modern clinical and morphological classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization (2017), information about the features of localization, characteristic signs of extranodal foci and lymph nodes is presented. Detection frequency of various subtypes non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas were determined on a sufficient cohort of patients.

Conclusion. Based on the analysis of clinical and morphological features of head and neck lymphomas, epidemiological and clinical features are described in detail, and differences in the symptoms and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas with a predominant head and neck involvement are revealed.
The role of bone marrow microenvironment in the progression of multiple myeloma from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Khudovekova A. S. , Rudenko Ya. A. , Dorosevich A. E.
Published: September 2021

Multiple myeloma is a tumor of plasma cells, one of the most common malignant blood diseases. It is preceded by a stage called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, from which true multiple myeloma develops in only a small percentage of cases. It was assumed that this process is associated with the accumulation of genetic mutations, but in recent years there is increasing evidence that the bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in progression and that it can become a target for therapy that prevents the myeloma development. The review considers the role of mesenchymal stem cells, immune system cells, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts in multiple myeloma progression, as well as the impact of the sympathetic nervous system and microbiome composition.
The role of PET/CT in the diagnosis and response assessment in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Pankratov A. E. , Zeynalova P. A.
Published: September 2021

A brief review focuses on the radiation diagnostics methods used in the examination of patients with myeloma and plasmacytoma. Modern imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, facilitate diagnosis and allow assessing the extent of the process and efficiency of treatment performed. Moreover, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most promising is PET/CT, which has sensitivity and specificity comparable to magnetic resonance imaging, while having unique advantages.
Treatment of double-refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Semochkin S. V.
Published: September 2021

In most publications on relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, the term double-refractory refers to the loss of response to lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitors. The prognosis in the case of double-refractory multiple myeloma is poor. Usually, these are severely pretreated patients who have accumulated drug toxicity after 2 or more lines of therapy, with limited reserves of bone marrow hematopoiesis and often decompensated comorbidities. A partial solution to the problem was to use certain new drugs that have demonstrated activity as monotherapy or in combination with dexamethasone in this group of patients. This review is aimed to provide a critical review of recent clinical studies addressing this issue. According to the recent European Hematology Association and European Society for Medical Oncology (EHA-ESMO) 2021 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of double-refractory multiple myeloma, triple combinations should be considered, including monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab (Elo), isatuximab (Isa), daratumumab (Dara)), dexamethasone and pomalidomide (Elo-­Pd, Isa-­Pd, Dara-­Pd) or carfilzomib (Isa-Kd, Dara-Kd). In Russia, as of March 2021, the first two regimens were approved (Elo-­Pd, Isa-­Pd). Elotuzumab was tested in combination with pomalidomide in the randomized phase II ELOQUENT-3 trial (Elo-­Pd vs. Pd; n = 177). Median progression-free survival was 10.3 months on Elo-­Pd vs. 4.7 months on Pd (hazard ratio 0.54; 95 % confidence interval 0.34–0.86; р = 0.008). Elo-­Pd superiority was observed in all subgroups, including patients with double-refractory MM, high-risk cytogenetic aberrations del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), and increased serum LDH. The Isa-­Pd triplet was approved in the randomized phase III ICARIA-MM study (Isa-­Pd vs. Pd; n = 307). The median progression-free survival in this protocol was 11.5 months in the Isa-­Pd group vs. 6.5 months in the Pd group (hazard ratio 0.596; 95 % confidence interval 0.44–0.81; р = 0.001). Isa-­Pd triplet superiority was demonstrated in all unfavorable prognostic subgroups, including lenalidomide-refractory patients, patients with high-risk cytogenetics, and doublerefractory patients. New triplets with monoclonal antibodies represent an important option for the treatment of doublerefractory multiple myeloma.
Difficulties in diagnosis of primary AL-amyloidosis
Authors: Khyshova V. A. , Rekhtina I. G. , Firsova M. V. , Mendeleeva L. P.
Published: September 2021

Objective of the study: analysis of AL-amyloidosis (AL-A) diagnostics in real clinical practice and to determine the main approaches for the earlier detection of this disease.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 34 patients with newly diagnosed AL-A.

Results. The median time from first symptoms appearance to the diagnosis was more than 2 years. Most often, the pathological process in AL-A involves the kidneys, heart and gastrointestinal tract; moreover, at the time of diagnosis, most patients already have an injury of 2 or more organs. In half of the patients, a biopsy of the damaging organ was performed to verify the diagnosis; according to our data, histological examination of “easily accessible” locus not less informative. Symptoms characteristic of amyloidosis, such as periorbital purpura or macroglossia, are observed in a small part of patients and refer to late manifestations of the disease.

Conclusion. The versatility of AL-A manifestations leads to a late diagnosis, which affects overall survival. The main signs were highlighted that should alert doctors in relation to this pathology.
SIMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL CYCLE OF APPLICATION COMBAT MACHINE OF THE MOBILE WEAPONS COMPLEX
Authors: Danilov Yu.O. , Khrol L.O. , Bologov A.V. , Moshnoy S.V. , Solodeeva L.V.
Published: September 2021

The results of the analysis of the experience of creation of reconnaissance and strike complexes by the leading countries of the world and the possibility of their application in the implementation of the concepts of war based on the results of armed conflicts in recent years are presented. The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the duration of the functional cycle of the combat vehicle of the mobile weapon complex in the conditions of fire influence of modern means of air attack of the enemy and reconnaissance and strike systems. The logistic model of estimation of time of application of the fighting machine of a mobile complex of armament in the course of operation is offered. The logistics model allows to calculate the total duration of the functional cycle of combat use of the combat vehicle of the mobile armament complex. The study of the time characteristics of the process of using a combat vehicle is carried out using the critical path method. The calculation of the model allows to determine the operations of the critical path of the combat vehicle, the execution time of the functional cycle combat work. In solving the problem of calculating the time required to perform the functional cycle of the combat vehicle, for the initial data used standards for operations of a known type of weapon. The simulation results are proposed to be used in assessing the impact of the time of the functional cycle on the combat effectiveness of the combat vehicle. Such results are the basis for the formation of requirements for the tactical and technical characteristics of the combat vehicle of the mobile armament complex. The simulation results allow to determine the mathematical expectation of the time of execution of the functional cycle of the combat vehicle in order to ensure the required level of survivability and to set requirements for the mobility parameters of transport units of advanced combat vehicles of mobile weapons systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DIGITAL IMAGES BASED ON FOURIER TRANSFORM
Authors: Akhametieva A.V. , Bezsonova M.D.
Published: September 2021

In the modern Internet space in conditions of continuous exchange of information the need to protect it from the possibility of unauthorized use by third parties is increasing. This can be ensured by using steganographic methods that allow organizing a covert communication channel.

In the article a new steganographic method for digital images based on the fast Fourier transform developed. As additional information you can use both text messages and images translated into a binary sequence. For embedding of additional information 2×2 blocks are used for which the fast Fourier transform is calculated. Message embedding is done by modifying the absolute difference between two coefficients of block’s Fourier transform. Up to four bits of a binary sequence can be embedded in each block.

The results of computational experiments aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the proposed method have shown that high quality of stegos is provided (average PSNR values are 58-60 dB) compared to modern analogues while ensuring high capacity of the covert communication channel (0.75 and 1 bit/pixel). The average values of the extraction accuracy index of additional information NCC are from 0.87 to 0.97 depending on the selected color component and the number of embedded bits. The accuracy of message extraction depends on the characteristics of the container - detection errors occur when there are a large number of blocks with brightness values close to 0 or 255. However, this problem can be eliminated by preliminary analysis of the container.

The developed method showed high resistance to attack by the noise "Salt and pepper" (d=0.01) at appreciable distortions of the filled container, as well as the imposition of a Gaussian and a multiplicative noise at imperceptible distortions of stegos.
Pelvic congestion syndrome as a cause of chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Novikova N. Yu. , Tsibizova V. I. , Puzdriak P. D. , Komlichenko E. V. , Tsnobiladze I. G. , Malushko A. V. , Ivanov M. A. , Chizhova K. A. , Bondarenko P. B. , Kositsyna I. M. , Blinov D. V.
Published: September 2021

Altered pelvic venous circulation, which may occur due to pelvic venous congestion and varicose veins of the vulva, may be among the causes for developing chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is characterized by chronic discomfort in the pelvic area, which may be aggravated during coitus or acquire orthostatic position, and result in severe dysfunction of the pelvic organs. Varicose veins of the vulva develop due to obstruction of the veins, increased venous pressure, and venous insufficiency in the pelvis. Varicose veins may be isolated or associated with varicose veins of the lower extremities. The diagnosis and treatment of such patients are limited by the lack of definitive clinical criteria for early diagnostics, which were discussed in the current study.
Neutrophil extracellular traps: a role in inflammation and dysregulated hemostasis as well as in patients with COVID-19 and severe obstetric pathology
Authors: Makatsariya A. D. , Slukhanchuk E. V. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Tretyakova M. V. , Makatsariya N. A. , Akinshina S. V. , Shkoda A. S. , Pankratyeva L. L. , Di Renzo G. C. , Rizzo G. , Grigorieva K. N. , Tsibizova V. I. , Gris J.-C. , Elalamy I.
Published: September 2021

Numerous studies have proven a close relationship between inflammatory diseases and the state of hypercoagulability. In fact, thromboembolic complications represent one of the main causes of disability and mortality in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and obstetric complications. Despite this, the processes of hemostasis and immune responses have long been considered separately; currently, work is underway to identify the molecular basis for a relationship between such systems. It has been identified that various pro-inflammatory stimuli are capable of triggering a coagulation cascade, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the networks of histones of extracellular DNA generated by neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. The hemostasis is activated against infection in order to minimize the spread of infection and, if possible, inactivate the infectious agent. Another molecular network is based on fibrin. Over the last 10 years, there has been accumulated a whole body of evidence that NETs and fibrin are able to form a united network within a thrombus, stabilizing each other. Similarities and molecular cross-reactions are also present in the processes of fibrinolysis and lysis of NETs. Both NETs and von Willebrand factor (vWF) are involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. During the development of these conditions, a series of events occurs in the microvascular network, including endothelial activation, NETs formation, vWF secretion, adhesion, aggregation, and activation of blood cells. The activity of vWF multimers is regulated by the specific metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). Studies have shown that interactions between NETs and vWF can lead to arterial and venous thrombosis and inflammation. In addition, the contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs result in decreased ADAMTS-13 activity, which can occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies and acute ischemic stroke. Recently, NETs have been envisioned as a cause of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, vWF and ADAMTS-13 levels predict COVID-19 mortality. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, vWF, and ADAMTS-13, the effect of NETs on hemostasis regulation and discuss their role in thrombotic conditions, sepsis, COVID-19, and obstetric complications.
HEKSİLSİYANOBİFENİL, OKTİLSİYANOBİFENİL VE E7 NEMATİK SIVI KRİSTALLERİN DİELEKTRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ÖZĞAN Şükrü , AVŞAR Engin
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada heksilsiyanobifenil (6CB), oktilsiyanobifenil (8CB) ve E7 nematik sıvı kristallerin dielektrik sabitinin frekans ve gerilime bağlı olarak değişimleri incelenmiştir. 6CB, 8CB ve E7 sıvı kristallerin dielektrik sabitinin gerçek kısmı 0-100 Hz frekanslarda büyük değerlere sahip ancak hızlı bir şekilde düşme göstermekte, 100 Hz-0.1 MHz aralığında sabit kalıyor, 0.1 MHz den sonra ani düşerek sıfıra yaklaşmaktadır. Bu sıvı kristal numunelerin dielektrik sanal kısmı ise düşük frekans bölgesinde yüksek değerlere sahiptir ve farklı frekanslarda bir veya iki pik yaparak azalmaktadır. 6CB ve 8CB sıvı kristallerin dielektrik sabitinin gerçek kısmı voltaj artışına bağlı olarak benzer şekilde sabit bir davranış sergilemektedir. E7 sıvı kristalin dielektrik sabitinin gerçek kısmı ise düşük voltajlarda küçük değerlere, yaklaşık 6 V civarında birden bire bir artışa ve daha büyük değere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. 6CB ve 8CB’nin dielektrik sanal kısmı düşük voltajlarda büyük değere sahip ancak belli bir voltajdan sonra azalmaktadır. E7’nin dielektrik sanal kısmı diğerlerinden biraz farklılık göstermekte, düşük voltajda küçük değerlere sahip ancak belli bir voltajdan sonra bir miktar artış görülmektedir.
Family case of Kimmerle anomaly
Authors: Priymak V. I.
Published: September 2021

Kimmerle's anomaly is understood as a violation of the shape of the sulcus of the posterior arch of the atlas, in which the vertebral artery and the first spinal cortex are located, shock. The extreme expression of this anomaly is the transformation of the furrow into a closed ring.
Our experience in organizing care for patients with diseases of the autonomic nervous systemобзорная статья
Authors: Ismagilov М. F.
Published: September 2021

Vegetative disorders are one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. This is due to a number of factors, first of all - the huge prevalence of autonomic disorders. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an apparatus for controlling all organs and systems that determines homeostasis.
Clinical manifestations of vegetative disregulation in video display unit users
Authors: Fatkhutdinova L. M. , Ismagilov M. F. , Amirov N. Kh. , Gafarova L. R.
Published: September 2021

Prevalence of vegetative disfunction was studied in group of users of video display unit (VDU) (144 subjects) and in control group (71 subject). The main and control groups were similar in sex and age of subjects. Among video display unit users risk of vegetative disorders was 2,20 (range of the error 1,12 4,30). Hyperthermic and asthenic syndromes, migraine pain and vegetative crises were the most frequent manifestations of vegetative disorders. It was found that the risk of development of vegetative disorders in the group of video display unit users depended on sex, presence of dorsopathy and allergic states, individual character and natural vegetative tonus.
Vegetative nervous system disfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and possibility of its correction with dimephosphonum
Authors: Yakupova S. P. , Ismagilov M. F. , Salikhov J. G.
Published: September 2021

There are presented the results of combined examination of the state of vegetative nervous system in 94 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By studying the variablity of cardiac rhythm in the sphere of vegetative regulation in patients dominance of sympathic tonicity mainly with asympathicotonic reactivity and deficient vegetative support of activity is determined. In majority of patients (90,4%) symptom complexes of vegetative dysfunction are found. Inclusion of dimephosphonum in combined therapy of rheumatoid arthritis led to normalization of indices of vegetative regulation and to significant diminishing of clinical manifestations of vegetative dysfunction.
Abnormal visual evoked potentials in children with “Alice in wonderland” syndrome due to infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Lahat E. , Berkovitch M. , Barr J. , Paret G. , Barzilai A.
Published: September 2021

Syndrome "Alice in Wonderland" occurs in children with infectious mononucleosis, as well as in migraine with aura, epilepsy, with the use of central hallucinatory drugs. It is represented by visual illusions describing the deformation of shapes, sizes, changes in the relative position of objects, their movement and color. The genesis of the syndrome is explained by discirculatory phenomena in the basin of the posterior cerebral artery.
Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Roach G. , Kanchuger M. , Mangano C.
Published: September 2021

More than 800 thousand myocardial revascularization operations are performed annually in the world. Among the most common complications of such operations are neurological disorders, including encephalopathy and stroke. Data on the incidence of these complications are given in the materials of many observational studies, although the exact magnitude of the risk is still unknown.
A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yrjanheikki J. , Tikka T. , Keinanen R. , Goldsteins G. , Chan P. H. , Koistinaho J.
Published: September 2021

One of the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of treatment of acute ischemic stroke may be secondary inflammation of the brain tissue, which, according to the results of modern studies, significantly worsens the consequences and outcome of the disease.
The Inglewood earthquake in Southern California, June 21, 1920
Authors: Taber Stephen
Published: September 2021

summary and conclusions

The earthquake of June 21, 1920 originated a short distance west of Inglewood. The maximum intensity in the epicentral area was between VIII and IX in the Rossi-Forel scale. The disturbance was due to a small displacement of the rocks on the Inglewood-Newport-San Onofre fault or fault zone which parallels the Baldwin Hills-Los Cerritos ridge on the southwest and extends in a southeasterly direction apparently as far as the San Luis Rey River. The character of the motion in the epicentral area suggests that the displacement was probably vertical.

The area within which the shock was felt (eleven thousand square miles or twenty-nine thousand square kilometers) was small considering the high intensity of the shock. This probably means that the origin was close to the surface. The rapid decrease in intensity on going away from the epicenter is chiefly due to the unconsolidated character of the rock strata in this area. While the vibrations die out rapidly in passing through such materials the destructive effects are always greater than in areas similarly located with respect to the origin but which are underlain with more rigid rock.

The physiography, geology, and the recent seismic history of the Los Angeles coastal plain, remind us that earthquakes are to be expected in that area from time to time. But if the inhabitants will heed nature's warnings and take proper precautions in the location and construction of buildings and other structures, such earthquakes are not likely to do much damage.
Travel times of body waves in the moon
Authors: Nakamura Yosio , Latham Gary V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Travel times and amplitudes of body waves in lunar models have been computed. The effect of a low-velocity zone upon the travel times and amplitudes of body waves is likely to be small unless the condition for the existence of a shadow zone at short to moderate epicentral distances is nearly satisfied. The PKP phase from a possible central core of the moon is likely to have a large amplitude in the area opposite to the epicenter.
The motion and damping of buildings relative to seismic response spectra
Authors: Blume John A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The response spectrum is very useful in dynamic analysis even though its use for multimass systems involves approximations as to modal combinations. It is especially useful in predicting effects of possible real earthquakes or of proposed nuclear detonations because it may be postulated or predicted much more readily than a complete time history of ground motion. The relationships of multimass system response—in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, shear, and moment—to elastic spectral response are given, together with examples taken from the AEC nuclear testing program in Nevada. The effects of relative building stiffnesses and stiffness taper on mode shape and thus on response are shown, as are the base shears relative to spectral response for several idealized fundamental mode shapes.

A Spectral Response Reconciliation procedure is presented and demonstrated by which procedure spectral response is reconciled with measured real building motion to obtain damping or other data under actual response to ground motion of any intensity. Damping values of highrise buildings are determined by this procedure.

Comparisons are made between 5 per cent damped response spectral values at the fundamental mode period of buildings and measured building motion.
Surface-wave dispersion computations
Authors: Schwab Fred , Knopoff Leon
Published: September 2021

abstract

Fundamental-mode Love- and Rayleigh-wave dispersion computations for multilayered, perfectly-elastic media were studied. The speed of these computations was improved, and the accuracy brought under full control. With sixteen decimal digits employed in these computations, fifteen significant-figure accuracy was found possible with Love waves and twelve to thirteen figure accuracy with Rayleigh waves. In order to ensure that the computed dispersion is correct to a specified accuracy, say σ significant figures, (σ + 1)/4 wavelengths of layered structure must be retained above a homogeneous half-space. To this accuracy, the homogeneous half-space is a sufficient model of the true layering it replaces. Using this result, it was possible to refine the usual layer-reduction technique so as to ensure retention of the specified accuracy while employing reduction. With this reduction technique in effect, and with σ specified below single-precision accuracy, the program can be run entirely in single precision; the specified accuracy is maintained without overflow or loss-of-precision problems being encountered during calculations.
Transient elastic waves in an inhomogeneous layer
Authors: Scott R. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The excitation, by lateral loads, of transients in a layer of a transversely inhomogeneous solid with constant speeds of propagation is considered. Formal solutions in terms of the modes of harmonic wave propagation are developed, and from these and a low frequency, large wavelength approximation a far-field approximation to the response is derived.
Travel times, variational parameters, and Love numbers for Moon models
Authors: Derr John S.
Published: September 2021

Travel time graphs are given for previously defined Moon models for phases P, pP, PP, sS, SS, L, and R for focal depths 5, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 km. The teleseismic travel times for most models are significantly different. Variational parameters are graphed and tabulated to allow inversion of surface wave phase velocities and free oscillation periods. Love numbers are computed for all models and found to be essentially invariant for reasonable solid models.
Analysis of ground motions at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station April 9, 1968
Authors: Housner G. W. , West P. J. , Johnson C. G.
Published: September 2021

The Borrego Mountain earthquake of 9 April 1968 produced ground shaking having 5 per cent g maximum acceleration at the 450 MWe San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station site. The recorded motion showed two distinct phases separated by about six seconds. The spectra of these phases differ markedly, presumably reflecting differences in source generation. There was no damage at the plant. More recently, a special seismic central accelerograph system has been installed to record the earthquake-induced motion of the concrete base of the containment structure and the response motion of the steam generators and pressurizer. Experience with the installation and operation of the expanded accelerograph system is reviewed with suggestions offered for alleviating problems due to system malfunction.
Digital filters for response spectra
Authors: Beaudet P. R. , Wolfson S. J.
Published: September 2021

An optimum numerical method for calculating the pseudo-relative velocity response spectra for digitized seismic acceleration records is developed.

The method is optimal in that given a specified tolerance, one of a class of computational formulae is selected to minimize computational time. This technique is believed to be faster than all other procedures known currently for obtaining the pseudo-relative velocity response spectra and the general approach is applicable to other processes which are based on the solution to a given differential equation.
Source mechanism of the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966
Authors: Tsai Yi-Ben , Aki Keiiti
Published: September 2021

abstract

With additional data on P wave polarities, the existing fault plane solution for the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966 (Ryall, Van Wormer and Jones, 1968) is revised to have the following strike and dip angles for its nodal planes:

Strike Dip Plane A N 44°E 80°SE Plane B N 134°E 90°

Nodal plane A is shown to agree very well with the aftershock zone determined by Greensfelder (1968).

The observed Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude spectra from four WWSSN stations in the eastern United States are consistent with the revised solution, but not with the original one by Ryall et al. From these data, the focal depth and seismic moment of the earthquake are determined as 10 km and 0.83 × 1025 dyne-cm, respectively. The focal depth so obtained is the same as that determined from the near station travel time data by Ryall et al. The seismic moment is used to give a minimum estimate of about 30 cm for the average dislocation of the fault.
The foreshock-aftershock sequence of the March 20 1966 earthquake in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Lahr John , Pomeroy Paul W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The activity associated with the Congo earthquake of March 20 1966 (mb = 6.5 to 7) was studied with emphasis on the time and magnitude distributions. The data were recorded at the Abéché, Chad, seismograph station operated by Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Over a period of about 70 days, 815 earthquakes with magnitude (mb) greater than or equal to 3.3 were recorded, and they form the basis for this study.

The aftershocks are distributed with magnitude (mb) according to the formula long n = a - bm with b = 1.05 ± 0.07 at the 95 per cent confidence limits. The foreshocks have b = 1.06 ± 0.35 at the 95 per cent confidence limits. These b values are in general agreement with b values derived from other aftershock sequences throughout the world.

Some authors have suggested that foreshocks may have a lower b value than background activity and that this difference might be used in earthquake prediction. In this paper, an evaluation is made of the limitations of this method of prediction. Assuming that such a difference in b values does exist, it is found that a closely spaced network of high-gain seismographs with wide dynamic range would be required to assure successful prediction.
Casualties and behavior of populations during earthquakes
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna
Published: September 2021

abstract

A positive correlation is established between the time of day and the number of victims in Chilean earthquakes. This correlation is attributed to a 24-hr cycle of dwelling occupancy. The incidence of foreshocks lowers the number of casualties. These observations are of interest to earthquake engineering design and to emergency measures for the protection of human populations in earthquakes.
The effect of focal depth on the spectra of P waves I. Theoretical formulation
Authors: Guha Shyamal K.
Published: September 2021

Since the Earth's free surface acts as a reflector, one may except the spectra of seismic body waves to be influenced by the focal depth of an earthquake. In order to investigate this effect, a boundary value problem has been formulated involving (n − 1) homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly elastic plane layers overlying a homogeneous half-space. The sources of the elastic waves are represented as discontinuities of stress across a conceptual interface inside the medium. Certain functions of the wave potentials which govern the solution of the boundary value problem are denoted as the source functions in the mathematical formulation of the problem. Expressions for the source functions for P and SV waves are derived for different kinds of point sources, including a double couple point source oriented in an arbitrary manner inside the medium.
Exact solutions of SH wave equation for inhomogeneous media
Authors: Bhattacharya S. N.
Published: September 2021

The SH wave equation in a vertically inhomogeneous elastic medium has been considered. It is possible to determine all vertical inhomogeneities for which the SH wave equation can be solved in terms of standard transcendental functions. The inhomogeneities where either shear-wave velocity, modulus of rigidity, or density is constant have also been considered. A few simple inhomogeneities and their solutions in terms of hypergeometric, Whittaker, Bessel and exponential functions have been given.
The leaky-mode period equation—a plane-wave approach
Authors: Alsop L. E.
Published: September 2021

It is shown that the plane-wave picture of a leaky mode proposed by Burg, Ewing, Press and Stulkin (1951) yields the accepted period equation for leaky modes in a water layer a half-space. The resultant mode is formed by an inhomogeneous wave with real frequency and complex wave number and phase velocity. Another form of mode considered is that formed by a homogeneous wave in the guide with real phase velocity and complex frequency and wave number. The phase-velocity dispersion curve for this case is appropriate for determining shear-wave coupling to PL waves. The procedures of the article could be readily extended to the more complicated case of a solid layer over a half-space. It is also demonstrated that the derivative of the real part of angular frequency with respect to the real part of the wave number is a good approximation to the group velocity for leaky modes with low losses.
Amplification of seismic body waves by low-velocity surface layers
Authors: Murphy J. R. , Davis A. H. , Weaver N. L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Frequency-dependent amplification of seismic waves by near-surface low-velocity layers is a well-known phenomenon. This phenomenon was examined from both the analytic and experimental viewpoints for body waves (P, SV, SH). Groundmotion data, recorded in conjunction with the underground nuclear testing program at the Nevada Test Site, are used to provide experimental validation of the analytic models. Experimental amplification factors are derived from these data for a variety of recording-site near-surface geological configurations (alluvium, mine tailings, fill) and a wide dynamic range of ground-motion intensity (10−5 to 100 g). The variability in the mean amplification observed at a site for repeated measurements is described statistically. This analysis shows that, although the amplification at a given site varies on the average by a factor of about 1.4 across the frequency band of interest, from detonation to detonation, the frequency and magnitude of the dominant amplification are fairly consistent. The quality of the comparisons of the observed and calculated amplification indicates that the available linear analytic models are capable of describing the major features of the frequency-dependent amplification observed for this wide range of groundmotion intensity and recording-site geology.
Fundamental statistical techniques for the analysis of earth tides
Authors: Pan Cheh
Published: September 2021

abstract

Recent advances in instrumentation, digital computer technology and mathematical theory promote the error analysis of Earth-tide data. Various statistical techniques developed and used in other fields are applicable in the study of Earth tides, and the accuracy of the Earth's rigidity constants determined from the tides will be greatly improved with the help of these techniques. The fundamentals of the statistical techniques of autocorrelation, crosscorrelation, convolution, statistical means, bandpass filtering, correlation coefficients, power spectra, coherency and equalization are described, and their principal applications in the Earth-tide analysis summarized. Examples of effective application of these techniques in the elimination of the errors in the tidal data such as those introduced from instrumental drift, phase differences between the observed and predicted tides, etc. are discussed. This work is an attempt to introduce statistical analysis into the Earth-tide study.
Elastodynamics of a wedge
Authors: Forristall George Z. , Ingram John D.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The problem of wave propagation in an elastic wedge of arbitrary angle has defied standard mathematical approaches, and no analytical solution has been given, although respectable approximations are available. We give here a new approach to the problem of the response of an elastic wedge to dynamically-varying surface tractions, based on the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform and evaluation of joint distributions to give a singular integral equation. Algorithmic methods of solution of such equations are known, and thus the solution of the original problem is reduced to a series of numerical quadratures. However, the singular integral equation will be useful not only for such straightforward numerical methods, but as a convenient form for the development of ray theories.