bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement Considerations for Quantitative Social Science Research Using Social Media Data
Authors: Ladd Jonathan , Ryan Rebecca , Singh Lisa , Bode Leticia , Budak Ceren , Conrad Frederick , Cooksey Elizabeth , Davis-Kean Pamela , Dworak-Fisher Keenan , Freelon Deen , Hopkins Daniel , Jensen J. Bradford , Kelley Ken , Miller Renee , Mneimneh Zeina , Pasek Josh , Raghunathan Trivellore , Gresenz Carole Roan , Roy Sudeepa , Soroka Stuart , Traugott Michael
Published: December 2020

Harnessing social media data for social science research entails creating measures out of the largely unstructured, noisy data that users generate on different platforms. This harnessing, particularly of data at scale, requires using methods developed in computer science. But it also typically requires integrating these methods with assessments of measurement quality along social science criteria -- reliability, validity and unbiasedness. In this paper, we outline measurement issues that arise when using social media data. We show examples of how to construct measures and discuss different measurement considerations and best practices. We conclude with a discussion of ways to accelerate research in this space, highlighting contributions that can be made by both social scientists and computer scientists.
Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Kiper Jordan , Stich Stephen , Barrett H. Clark , Machery Edouard
Published: December 2020

Philosophers have argued that some philosophical concepts are universal, but it is increasingly clear that the question of philosophical universals is far from settled, and that far more cross-cultural research is necessary. In this chapter, we illustrate the relevance of investigating philosophical concepts and describe results from recent cross-cultural studies in experimental philosophy. We focus on the concept of knowledge and outline an ongoing project, the Geography of Philosophy Project, which empirically investigates the concepts of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom across cultures, languages, religions, and socioeconomic groups. We outline questions for future research on philosophical concepts across cultures, with an aim towards resolving questions about universals and variation in philosophical concepts.
ANALISIS FAKTOR MUNCULNYA GEJALA STRES PADA MAHASISWA AKIBAT PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kartika Rira
Published: December 2020

Gejala stres pada mahasiswa semakin meningkat setelah pandemi Covid-19 menyerang. Masalah psikologis yang sering muncul dan dialami oleh mahasiswa adalah kecemasan berlebih, stres, hingga depresi. Hal ini terkait dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang memberikan beberapa efek pemicu bagi mahasiswa. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor munculnya gejala stres pada mahasiswa akibat pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kajian literatur dengan mengambil beberapa sumber yang terdiri dari artikel, buku elektronik, jurnal, dan makalah. Kriteria inklusi pencarian sumber literatur adalah bersumber dari tulisan para dosen pengajar dan sumber lainnya yang berhubungan dengan psikologis dan Covid-19. Kata kunci pencaharian yaitu mahasiswa, stres, psikologi, dan Covid19. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami stres karena beberapa faktor yang diakibatkan pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi covid-19.
Monthly prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Gaitán-Rossi Pablo , Pérez Hernández Víctor Hugo , Vilar-Compte Mireya , Belismelis Graciela Teruel
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective: Estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from April to June 2020. Methods: Repeated cross-sections design based in the ENCOVID-19 – a series of monthly mobile surveys with representative samples of Mexico (N= 833- 1,674). The questionnaire includes the GAD-2 scale, and, in July, the GAD-7 scale was added; we examined its internal validity with confirmatory factor analysis and its concurrent validity with sociodemographic variables. Using GAD-7 as criterion, we analyzed the predictive validity of the GAD-2. We estimated the monthly prevalence with the GAD-2. Results: The GAD-7 and the GAD-2 are reliable and valid. The GAD-2 has a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.90. The monthly prevalence remains high and stable, between 30.7 and 32.6%. GAD concentrated in women, unemployed and persons with low socioeconomic status. Conclusions: GAD is a public health problem that worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de ansiedad generalizada (GAD) entre abril y junio de 2020. Material y Métodos: Diseño transversal repetido basado en la ENCOVID-19 –serie de encuestas telefónicas mensuales con muestras representativas de México (N= 833- 1,674). El cuestionario incluye la escala GAD-2 y en julio se añadió la GAD-7; se examinó su validez interna con análisis factorial confirmatorio y su validez concurrente con variables sociodemográficas. Con la GAD-7 como criterio, se calculó la validez predictiva de la GAD-2. Se estimó la prevalencia mensual con la GAD-2. Resultados: La GAD-7 y la GAD-2 son confiables y válidas. La GAD-2 tiene una sensibilidad de 0.87 y una especificidad de 0.90. La prevalencia mensual se mantuvo alta y estable, entre 30.7 y 32.6%. El GAD se concentró en mujeres, personas desocupadas y de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: El GAD es un problema de salud pública que se agravó con la pandemia por COVID-19.
DAMPAK-DAMPAK COVID-19 YANG DIRASAKAN BAGI KEHIDUPAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Arimatea
Published: December 2020

Seperti layaknya tamu yang tak diundang, itu lah fakta tentang virus mematikan yang telah menyebar dalam dunia ini dengan sangat cepat yaitu SARS-COV-2 yang menyebabkan penyakit Covid-19. Covid-19 membuat satu dunia menjadi kacau. Akibatnya banyak segala rencana yang telah dipersiapkan jauh-jauh hari menjadi tak terlaksanakan dan dibatalkan. Segala pekerjaan juga terhambat. Banyak orang-orang di PHK karena perusahaan atau pelaku usaha tidak mampu membiayai pegawainya karena krisis ekonomi. Tentunya kegiatan perekenomian pun menjadi kacau balau. Ditambah banyaknya orang-orang yang terkena virus ini. Banyak juga para tenaga medis yang telah gugur dalam berperang melawan virus dan penyakit ini. Masyarakat pasti sangat merasa dampak yang terjadi akibat jahatnya virus dan penyakit ini. Dan juga dalam bidang pendidikan medapat imbasnya, salah satu adalah mahasiswa yang merasakan dampak dari pandemi ini.
Images of Women and Politics of Domination in Helen Fields’ “Perfect Remains”
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

As feminism evolved and reshaped ideas on womanhood and its politics over the past three centuries, postmodernist writers seem to continuously present discriminated images of women in novels, including spy fiction. Unless it is properly addressed, these misrepresented images of women underlying its gender politics brings about questions on the effectiveness of gender education and its equality. This study problematized images of women in Fields’ Perfect Remains in order to understand the politics of domination between genders that suggest a continuous display of power. The analysis of the novel through the use of Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Framework, enabled the identifying images of women and ways in which dominance is exerted in the discourse. Analysis revealed that postmodern societies through the novelist’s lens continue to remain remote towards women. In a period, which celebrates women’s achievement and freedom of speech, where they are thought to be strong and independent, men continue to ironically exert different methods of power in the strive to maintain their status quo, which is revealed in this research. This study contributes to the existing body of literature in the field of women studies and literature where it identified the presence of male dominance even in this modern era. On another hand, it also explores aspects of domination which appear in the form of intellect as a new field of study.
Pelestarian Lingkungan Alam Berdasarkan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Desa Colo
Authors: Saputri Wahyu Eka , Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: December 2020

Riset ini bertujuan untuk memotret peran dan kaitan antara kearifan lokal masyarakat Desa Colo dengan prinsip etika lingkungan hidup dalam upaya melestarikan lingkungan alam setempat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Colo Kecamatan Dawe Kabupaten Kudus memiliki peran penting untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan kerusakan lingkungan hidup di Kawasan Muria. Proses pertahanan diri yang berupa kearifan lokal merupakan bentuk perwujudan dan peran masyarakat dalam upaya perlindungan daerah-daerah yang berpotensi sebagai tangkapan air yang berguna untuk kehidupan masyarakat desa.
Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Appendicitis in Rural Teaching Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Menyangbo Suryaman , Bhatta Gakul , Subedi Kripa , Pun Magar Bibek , Devkota Harihar , Panta Prem Prasad
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen. It contributes for 40 % of all emergency performed abdominal surgeries in western world and 26 % it accounts for in Nepal. The treatment of acute appendicitis remains a health problem and considerable morbidity and mortality are still associated with it. Perforation, abscess formation, appendicular lump and surgical site of infection are well reported morbidities. Late arrival in hospital and use of inadequate dose of antibiotics in local might have association in increasing morbidities. The aim of the study is to observe the morbidity and mortality in appendicitis patients belonging to this Midwestern region of Nepal.

Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in the Karnali academy of health sciences, Jumla Nepal. The data includes the 5 years period from Jan 2014 to March 2020. The parameters included admission of acute appendicitis, age, gender, post-operative findings and complication.

Results: There were 186 cases collectively. 175 cases of appendicitis were recorded. The mean age was 31±15.16. Ninety two (52.6%) were female; 83(47.4%) were male. 119(68%) had appendectomies. 56(32%) were treated conservatively. 29(51.78%) were appendicular lump and 27(48.2%) were suspected appendicitis. Five were found to have perforation of appendix. Two had abscess in 29 cases of appendicular mass. 2 had surgical site infection.

Conclusion: Among patients who were admitted in the hospital with diagnosis of acute appendicitis, the commonest complication is the appendicular lump, which might be due to late hospital arrival or early antibiotics use impulsively at local level, followed by perforation appendix. The result supports both appendectomy and conservative treatment are equally feasible for acute appendicitis accordingly the cases presented in the hospital.
Get Well Soon Card: Self Help Program to Overcome Hospital Based Financial Barrier
Authors: Gajuryal Sharad Hari , Satyal Narayan , Bidari Sangita , Panta Shristi , Pant Basant
Published: December 2020

Background: The health care cost is increasing not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. Although the modality of treatment has made significant progresses over the years, delivery of treatment is sometimes beyond the expectation of patient as well as inaccessible financially. Citizen from developing countries like Nepal have to pay out of their own pocket for even minor health issues. We initiated a new concept to bridge this gap between treatments and necessity of funds through crowd funding scheme.

Methods: This was a cross sectional prospective and observational study conducted at Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences from July 2017 to April 2020. This study was conducted on “Get Well Soon “card which was a friendly gesture with monetary value provided by visitors to patients. This card was made available in hospital pharmacy without any hidden cost. A convenient sample survey on 100 participant including admitted patients as well as visitors in the hospital was conducted on their perception about Get well soon card before initiating this program.

Results: This innovative self-help scheme has been proven to be quiet successful in a short period of time with many supporters advocating in its favor. Total number of 1012 patients have been benefited from the card which was provided to them by their visitors and relatives during their hospitalization with purchase of card worth NRs. 1144500 (~$11445) during the study period.

 Conclusion: Get Well Soon Card can be beneficial to those populations who are financially constrained and lack insurance for the treatment. This Cultural Revolution of crowd funding can be duplicated not only in Nepal, but also in different developing countries where out of pocket system is still prevailing.
Gender Issue in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Giri Santoshi , Khadka Sitaram , Ranabhat Sushma , Agha Mariam
Published: December 2020

Since the first outbreak, COVID-19 has manifested itself as a serious public health threat with severe social and economic implications. Gender is an essential component that requires special attention and action in such crisis. This review is aimed at finding the gender-related issues amid COVID-19 pandemic that need to be considered and help stimulate related stakeholders to devise effective policies and actions.

Health, socio-economical and education, all domains of gender are viciously affected by this pandemic. Though men and women have the same prevalence, men with COVID-19 are more at risk of worse outcomes and death. Even though the direct impact of disease is observed significantly high in men, the secondary socio-economic impact is catastrophic in women and girls considering their status in society as they are systemically oppressed and vulnerable group of population. The pandemic will have a prolong effect on socioeconomic dynamics. Hardly achieved milestones on gender equality reached low, which will take long to bounce back. From this crisis, government and policy makers should take a lesson and formulate public health policies and measures to contain the epidemic that takes account of gender and its interactions with all areas of inequality.
Health Status of Elderly People Living in Old Aged Homes in Pokhara
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj , Dhungana Parbati
Published: December 2020

Background: Health is serious matter for the elderly people especially living in old aged homes. In this context, this study has tried to explore the health status of elderly people living in old aged homes.

Methods: Information were collected from fifty seven elderly people living in purposively selected three major old aged homes of Pokhara by using structured questionnaire through interview techniques. The elderly people, who were unable to speak, hear, complete the interview process, have severe psychiatric disorder, did not have verbal consent to participate were excluded from the study. Descriptive analysis was carried out for this research.

Results: Majority (87.7%) of the respondents had chronic physical health problem like back pain problem as major followed by other musculoskeletal problems, gastrointestinal disease, hypertension, respiratory problem, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, eyes and ears problem. The proportion of female was higher than male regarding their chronic physical health problem. Majority went to hospital when they were sick. Half of the respondents were worried about economic insecurity followed by lack of social relation, lack of treatment during illness, fear of future, lack of recreational activities, food management of old age homes, environment of elderly official, sitting and sleeping environment of elderly home and others respectively. All the respondents prayed god to cope with these stress followed by listening to religious hymns, go to religious places, solitary living, crying alone, and take cigarettes/alcohols.

Conclusions: Health status of elderly people living in old aged home was not good since most of the elderly were suffered from chronic physical health problem. Females are more vulnerable.
Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Nepal: The ARDL Approach
Authors: Mahara Tilak Singh , Dhakal Sabina
Published: December 2020

Background: External debt is the loan amount borrowed from the international level, payable with interest and principal. It is the major source of financing budget deficit in a developing country. Debt accumulation for productive investment is a viable strategy for long-term development. To escape the external debt burden or for the external debt burden strategy, it is crucial to study the major macroeconomic determinants of external debt.

Objective: The principal objective of this study is to examine the major macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Nepal.

Methods: In this study, the external loan is taken as a dependent variable whereas, budget deficit, per capita gross domestic product, terms of trade, trade openness, foreign aid, and real effective exchange rates are taken as explanatory variables that may cause external borrowing in Nepal. The study applies the ARDL cointegration approach to trace out the relationship between the stated variables. The bound test (F-Version) has been applied for the determination of the existence of long-term cointegration among variables.Short-run dynamics is measured by the Error Correction Mechanism.

Results: The empirical result indicates that fiscal deficit, trade openness, and foreign aid are major macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Nepal. From the obtained results, it is seen that an increase in foreign aid helps to significantly reduce external debt but trade openness and the budget deficit significantly leads to an increase in external debt both in the short-run as well as in the long-run. The error correction term is found to be significant and negative, showing proof of a strong association between the selected variable and ensures the correction of short-term disequilibrium to a stable equilibrium at the rate of 37 percent per annum.

Conclusions: The study concludes that foreign aid, budget deficit, and trade openness are the main determinants of external debt in Nepal in both the long-run and short-run.  Appropriate export-import or foreign trade policy, effective demand management policy, progressive tax system as well as monitoring tax evasion, effectual and productive utilization of available resources helps to reduce debt accumulation and saves the nation from the possible debt trap.
Anti-money Laundering Awareness and Acceptance among the Banking Customers of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Aabha , Shah Ajay Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background: Money laundering is a process of converting illegal money into legal money. This process is considered a challenging phenomenon for the financial system. To stop this exploitation of the financial system, anti-money laundering (AML) regimes are formulated. However, the general public acceptance is crucial to make the framework viable. Public awareness of Anti-money Laundering (AML related factors helps people enforce the AML regimes properly.

Objective: The paper aims to examine the relationship between awareness of AMLrelated factorsand acceptance ofAMLregimes. Along with that, the study accessesthe level of awareness and level of acceptance among bank clients about AML factors and AML regimes respectively.

Methods: Based on descriptive and inferential research designs, the study made use of primary data collected through a structured questionnaire surveyed on 168 bank customers who are of 18 years and above, using a convenience sampling technique. Descriptive analysis is used to access the level of awareness and acceptance, whereas the relationship between awareness and acceptance is examined through correlation and regression analysis.

Results: Bank customers are moderately aware of money laundering (ML) andterrorism financing (TF), and anti-money laundering (AML)along with Know Your Customer (KYC).However, they are somewhat and slightly aware of AML investigation agency and AML legislation respectively. Similarly, they have a slightacceptance attitude towards all AML regimes. There is a significantlypositive relationship between awareness of AML related factors and acceptance for AML regimes.

Conclusions: Bank customers of Nepal have a comparatively higher awareness of ML, TF, AML and KYC than that of AML legislation and AML investigating agency. However, they have a similar acceptance attitude towards all three AML regimes. Acceptance for AML regimes can be increased by enhancing the awareness of AML related factors among the bank customers. The study, therefore, recommends the concerned authority like FIU-Nepal and NRB to undertake public awareness campaigns in related areas.

Implication: Study findings can be useful to policymakers and concerned authorities to formulate positive national policies sensitive to AML.
A Review on Potentiality of Industry 4.0 in Nepal: Does the Pandemic Play Catalyst Role?
Authors: Rajbhandari Sharad , Khanal Ghanashyam , Parajuli Seeprata , Karki Dipendra
Published: December 2020

Background: Industry 4.0 is the revolution of industrial process along with the adaptation of technological changes and advancement. With the passage of time industry 4.0 has been catching the attention of industries all over the world. Various studies and literatures seem to be emerging regarding industry 4.0 around the globe. However, in Nepalese context no study has been conducted on the particular field.

Objective:This study aims to study the current status of industries in Kathmandu valley and analyzes the factors affecting industrial readiness for industry 4.0 amidst the effects of the pandemic. It tries to review the industrial readiness for industry 4.0 in Nepal.

Methods: Systematic literature review was conducted to analyze various literatures around the world along with 20 empirical reviews to make this study more efficient. Also, conceptual framework was developed to draw roadmap of the study.

Results: We found that Nepal has got many problems in adoption of the concept of Industry 4.0. Our study noticed that along with the involvement of much unskilled labor force in industries, lack of infrastructural development and innovation, and ineffective government policy are the vital ones.

Conclusion and implication: This study concludes that Nepal has huge unskilled workers relatively to skilled workers that are means for adaptation of new technologies, replacing manual work and the government from policy level needs to focus on this. This study will be beneficiary for Ministry of Information and technology, Ministry of industry, Ministry of Education, Health and science, Policy makers, Foreign as well as domestic investors, and for authors and graduating students in understanding industries readiness for 4.0 in Nepal.
Rozgraniczenie statutu rzeczowego i kontraktowego przy poszukiwaniu prawa właściwego do oceny zastrzeżenia prawa własności
Authors: Kozioł Agata
Published: December 2020

Retention of title as a security on tangible assets is well known in many legal systems. It enables to strengthen the position of the seller in such a contract of sale in which the payment of the price is agreed to be done later than the handing over the good. This instrument disturbs the traditional model of sale in two ways. Firstly, the conclusion of the contract is not directly followed — which takes usually place — by the performance of the obligation to transfer the property. Secondly, the right of property receives in that way a new role to play — it becomes a security right, guarantying the pecuniary claim of the seller and ceases the function of the principal right.

In order to find the law applicable to the retention of title, its different aspects — contractual and real — should be qualified according to their nature. These aspects should be treated separately and be assessed according to the proper legal system. For example, the law applicable to contractual assets of retention of title defines if such belated transfer of ownership affects any general rights and obligations of parties, such as the right to receive benefits from the asset or to bear costs of its maintenance. On the other hand, the law of actual location of the asset as a law applicable to real aspects of the retention of title defines the nature of the element disturbing the transfer of ownership and the scope of rights of the seller towards charged good as its owner.
Can an Ecological, Multilingual Approach Help Us to Better Support Reunited Refugee Families in Scotland with Language Learning?
Authors: Cox Sarah
Published: December 2020

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between academic literature, policy, and practice in terms of language learning within the specific context of refugee families who have recently reunited in Glasgow through the British Red Cross Family Reunion Integration Service. The paper presents research findings from a pilot teaching study, working collaboratively with participants within their first few weeks of arriving in Scotland to explore whether an ecological, multilingual approach to language learning is effective in this context. Building on principles of translanguaging with participants using their full “linguistic repertoire” (Garcia & Kleifgen, 2010) and drawing on Norton’s construct of “investment” (2013) the paper explores key themes of empowerment and identity in the classroom. The results enable us to draw conclusions regarding the balance of power in the classroom and the impact of the recognition of refugees’ own languages within the learning process.
Strength from Within?
Authors: Pendola Andrew , Fuller Edward
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to add to the existing literature on principal recruitment and hiring strategies by examining the turnover and retention patterns of internally recruited principals. For many hard-to-staff schools—particularly urban and rural schools—internal recruitment is considered a primary method of improving recruitment and retention. However, the relation of recruitment source to turnover has yet to be explored. Utilizing techniques including ordinary least squares and logistic regression and discrete-time hazard modeling over 17 years of administrative data from the Texas Education Agency, this study investigates (1) the personal and school characteristics of internally hired principals and (2) whether internally hired principals are more stable in their positions than externally hired principals. Results demonstrate that internal hires tend to be from more historically underrepresented groups and serve in urban schools with slightly greater proportions of students of color. Furthermore, internally hired principals are significantly less likely than external hires to turn over. However, results also demonstrate that within-school hires are more likely to turn over than within-district hires. These results suggest that internal recruitment has the potential to help stem the high rate of principal turnover but could be more widely utilized.
Patient-Reported Questionnaires in Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation: Responsiveness and Minimal Important Difference of the French Version of the Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire for Physiotherapists
Authors: van der Maas Nico Arie , Ferchichi‑Barbey Sylvie
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness and minimal important difference (MID) of the French version of the Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire for Physiotherapists (MSQPT). Method: A distribution-based approach was used. Patients (32) were recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings; they completed both the MSQPT and the Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis (HAQUAMS) at baseline and again at 6 months or discharge. Responsiveness was evaluated using effect size (ES), standardized response mean (SRM), and modified SRM (MSRM), and the relative efficiency between the MSQPT and HAQUAMS was calculated. Distribution-based MID estimates were calculated for 0.33 SD, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. Results: The main ES ranged from 0.41 (low) to 1.23 (high). The SRM (−0.89 to 2.69) was generally higher than the ES. The main MSRMs were acceptably low (−0.03 to 0.19). Although the MSQPT seemed more efficient than the HAQUAMS in detecting improved activity and participation, it was less efficient at identifying their deterioration. In a comparison of responsiveness and MID between the German and French versions of the MSQPT, the differences between estimates were small. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that the French MSQPT is a responsive questionnaire with MIDs that are similar to those of the original German version.
Best Quantitative Tools for Assessing Static and Dynamic Standing Balance after Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruyneel Anne-Violette , Dubé François
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Our objective was to examine the psychometric qualities (reliability and validity) and clinical utility of quantitative tools in measuring the static and dynamic standing balance of individuals after stroke. Method: We searched four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, Embase, and CINAHL) for studies published from January 2018 through September 2019 and included those that assessed the psychometric properties of standing balance tests with an adult stroke population. We evaluated the quality of the studies using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist and assessed each test on a utility assessment scale. Results: A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 18 quantitative tools for assessing static or dynamic standing balance of individuals with stroke were analyzed. Findings support good or excellent reliability for all tests, whereas correlations for validity ranged from weak to strong. Study quality was variable. Dynamic balance tests had better clinical utility scores than static ones. Five tests had complete psychometric analyses: quiet standing on a force platform, five-step test, sideways step, step length, and turn tests.
Determination of tree height according to data of raster images different resolution
Authors: Diachuk P. P.
Published: December 2020

The collection of information on the growth and development of trees is the basis for planning forestry and horticulture, while the relevance and reliability of such data defines the quality of forest and park inventory outputs. Currently in Ukraine, the height of growing trees and shrubs is measured mostly by clinometer. The enhancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and methods of processing the collected information allow to amplify the level of quality and accuracy of the collected data. Our goal was to consider the possibility of determining the height of trees based on aerial photography materials obtained by UAVs and to assess the accuracy of measured indicators modeling crown height at different spatial resolutions. Here we used methods of creating a digital canopy height model (CHM) from aerial photographs obtained by UAVs. We produced 8 digital elevation and terrain models for the calculation of CHM. Raster image analysis was performed using the ArcGIS software and Spatial Analyst toolkit using the Focal statistics filter. We have confirmed the possibility of CHM utilization to measure the height of trees in structurally homogeneous stands. Here we have shown the change of height values of Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the deviation of the arithmetic mean value of the height for model trees applying the raster images with different spatial resolutions. Predicted tree heights were compared with the empirical values, which were obtained directly measuring the felled sample trees with the addition of stump height. CHM analysis with a cell size of 0.04 m2 and 0.1 m2 shows the smallest height deviations for model trees in the stand. The deviations relative to arithmetic mean were 2.3 % and 2.6 %. Raster images with a more coarse resolution (more than 1 m2) are not recommended in forest practice, since their utilizing entails a measurement error of 17% and higher, and thus exceeding the permissible deviations in tree height measurements according to the forest inventory guidelines currently applied in Ukraine.
ESTABLISHING AN ADJACENT AGGREGATE SOFTENER TO THE SOIL FOR MINIMAL PROCESSING OF SOIL
Authors:   Andijan engineering Institute, Mamadaliev M.K. , Sabirov R.V. ,   Andijan engineering Institute
Published: December 2020

The tillage process in agriculture is the main process, which consumes about 40% of all energy. Currently, in order to save energy costs, a number of research projects are being conducted to reduce the number of units. For example, in the article, the angle of entry of the cultivator of the combined unit for minimal tillage is justified. It was found that for high-quality soil crushing with minimal energy consumption, the angle of entry of the working body into it must be within 30-35º. The use of a combined unit equipped with rippers with the recommended angle of entry of the Ripper of the combined unit makes it possible to reduce the cost of soil treatment by 12.7%.
FOREST RECOVERY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN FOR 2019
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Ismagilova U.I. , Safin I.F. ,   Bashkir State University, Mazur R.V. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the main provisions related to the process of forest restoration in 2019 on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of the work, the author revealed that in 2019, the area that was subjected to artificial reforestation became significantly larger compared to 2018. in 2019, appropriate equipment was purchased, and the level of survival of forest crops increased to 93%. In 2019, the budget for reforestation in the Republic amounted to more than 2 billion rubles. The level of forest fires in the Republic in extnyjv year was not high, which also had a positive impact on reforestation and their effectiveness. In General, we can say that a clear regulation of the reforestation process has a positive impact on its effectiveness.
PLAYGROUNDS IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kozharina M.S. , Akhmetshina A.Yu. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

In this work, research has been carried out to identify the design features of playgrounds on the territory of rural settlements on the basis of normative documents and principles of territory improvement. Playgrounds in rural settlements are quite unpopular. As a rule, the level of improvement of public use in the city is higher than in the country. There are practically no such spaces in villages and towns. A Playground is a place where children begin their knowledge of the world, develop their activity and imagination. This place should be interesting not only for kids, but also for teenagers, who would also be interested in spending their time here and doing useful leisure activities. In designing, you need to move away from standard forms and make objects unique. In Russia, this area of improvement is under development, since not all rural localities have such public facilities. This question remains open today.
COMPUTER INTERFACES OF THE BRAIN FOR NEUROREHABILITATION - ITS CURRENT STATE AS A STRATEGY FOR REHABILITATION AFTER A STROKE
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Al-Masri A.S.A.
Published: December 2020

The idea of using computer-integrated interfaces (BCIs) for rehabilitation comes relatively recently. In essence, BCI for neurological rehabilitation involves recording and decoding the patient's local brain signals when attempting to perform a task (even if incomplete), or during the creation of a mental image. The main goal is to attract individual parts of the brain and promote neuroplasticity. Recorded labeling can be used in various ways: (1) distinguishing and improving kinematic training by feedbacking the patient using a fictitious kinetic component, for example in a virtual environment; (2) achieving the desired physical activity through robotic orthotics or motivational rehabilitation. Functionality associated with the limbs of the patient - encourages and improves task performance, even "closing" a broken sensory ring, providing the patient with appropriate sensory responses; (3) understand brain reorganization after injury, influence or even measure plasticity changes in brain networks. For example, using brain stimulation to restore balance between the two hemispheres, as evidenced by a functional recording of brain activity during movement, may help recovery. Its potential benefit to patients has been demonstrated at various levels, and its versatility in frontal applications makes it adaptable to a large population. The condition and condition of many new rehabilitation systems must be assessed in relation to our current and somewhat tried-and-tested traditional methods, as well as the wide range of possible brain damage. The heterogeneity of expression after injury inevitably leads to the decoding of brain symptoms and thus its use in pathological conditions, requiring controlled clinical trials.
DEVELOPMENT AND VISUALIZATION OF THE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF RURAL TERRITORY
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Zileev I.I. , Gilimshina E.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gubaidullina G.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the issue of increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas. The essence is to develop and visualize the memorial complex project using the latest software products. In this work, the visualization was successfully carried out in compliance with the rules and regulations, on the actual displayed area and the preparation of photo images as close as possible to the real photo. Visual effects, techniques for combining computer graphics with real video are amazing and can arouse many people's interest, but, unfortunately, such work is usually performed on individual real estate objects located mainly in urban areas.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROPONIC GREENS ON THE PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF GEESE OF THE PARENT HERD
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kopylova S.V. , Gadiev R.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Green feed is a natural diet for livestock and poultry, so its residual production to meet current demand is becoming an urgent problem today. The use of natural pasture lands leads to a shortage of green feed, which leads to the need to use various methods of artificial production of greenery. One of these methods can be hydroponic cultivation of green grass as animal feed. The introduction of a hydroponic green feed enriched with vitamins and minerals in the diet can increase the productivity of animals and improve their overall health. The presented material presents the results of complex scientific research on the analysis of the impact of hydroponic greens in different dosages (20, 25, 30, 35% of the total diet weight) on the implementation of the reproductive qualities of geese of the parent herd. The methodological basis of the research was previously conducted by foreign and domestic scientists on the topic under study. The work was performed using common methods: experiment, comparison, analysis, and generalization; special methods: zootechnical, physiological, biological, hematological, morphological, statistical and economic. The results of the studies established the optimal dose of inclusion hydroponic greens in the composition of the diet of geese in the amount of 25-30% by weight of the ration, thereby improving safety of livestock by 2.0%, egg production – by 3.8%, yield of hatching eggs by 4.9%. the content of carotenoids in the yolk of eggs from 1.62 to 3.50 mcg/g, and vitamin A and B2 by 3.19 and 2.32 mcg / g compared to the control, respectively. The level of profitability of production increased by 9.6%.
THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF TEK FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Lukyanova M.T.
Published: December 2020

An important role in achieving stable socio-economic development of the Republic of Bashkortostan belongs to its fuel and energy complex-an important part of the national economy of the country. The capacity of the complex is evidenced by the fact that its share in the total volume of shipped products is up to 50%; the profit received is about 70%; revenues in the consolidated budget of the Republic-about 40%. The article analyzes the current problems of development of the territorial energy system. Based on the analysis of the company's competitiveness, the factors that require special attention are identified: innovations in terms of improving the energy efficiency of processes and reliability of the production and distribution system, building long-term relationships with customers, integrated links with consumer markets inside and outside the Republic of Belarus. Regional marketing, administrative and managerial factors have a positive impact on the development of electricity production and distribution in the Republic of Bashkortostan, while trends in technological and environmental factors have a negative impact.
NEXT PERFORMANCE OF PEASANTS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Stafiychuk I.D. , Kutliyarov A.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kutliyarov D.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Khisamov R.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The country discussed amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The President invited all citizens of the country to work on the amendments. This article is a response to the invitation of the President of Russia. The focus is on legal protection of agricultural land and people working on it. Unfortunately, the issues of organizing the use and protection of land as an irreplaceable natural resource, the basis of life and activity of people, the basis of the sovereignty of peoples living on the relevant territory, the main means of production in agriculture and forestry in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. they didn't find a proper reflection. Amendments to articles 9,36,42,71,114.
DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION OF MEDIUM MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT COMPARTMENT F-1
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Al-Dababseh A.M.F. , Markova E.V. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The stage of design and technological preparation of production is the longest in the process of creating new types of aircraft. To improve the organizational structures of enterprises, consideration of their activities is required not from the point of view of the functioning of structural units, but from the point of view of the organization and course of business processes. The new organizational structure of the company is based on the management of business processes and production resources. In recent years, a tendency has arisen when certain parts of the aircraft are made in different cities, but in the case of IL-276, the most suitable for the production of the entire machine is Aviastar - SP JSC. This is due to the fact that this product will be manufactured on the basis of the existing IL-476 aircraft assembled at this enterprise. In fact, the IL-276 is simply a ―circumcised‖ IL-476. The car has a shortened fuselage in order to facilitate, and only two of the four (closest to the fuselage) engines are left, and the fuel supply is also reduced, which leads to a decrease in weight. The Ulyanovsk plant has large areas already equipped for aircraft of this type, a paint shop and platforms for flight tests, therefore, this company can produce a full production cycle of aircraft, which is economically viable. In addition, at this time, the company has a small workload, and the production of a new product will allow the use of free equipment and specialists.
AIRCRAFT-CAR PROJECT BASED ON END-TO-END COURSE DESIGN USING THE DEVELOPED INVENTIONS
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Al-Dababseh M.F.A. , Markova E.V. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Denisova T.V. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: December 2020

In this article, the authors conduct verification analysis of projects of flying cars of various modifications such as SkyBlazer, SkyCar, etc., comparing flying cars of domestic invention such as LAV-1 and LAV-2; they give the main characteristics of these flying cars and based on patents for the invention of domestic scientists and engineers, give recommendations on the use of lightweight profile designs for the production of flying cars, give a general view of the equipment for the production of these profiles.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF PIGS UNDER CONDITIONS OF LLC "BASHKIR MEAT COMPANY"
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Tokarev I.N. , Dimeeva S.F. ,   Bashkir Meat Company LLC
Published: December 2020

The article provides material on determining the influence of some technological factors and the genotype of pigs in the main herd on the reproductive qualities of sows. Analysis of the breeding campaign in IC 2 "Mirny" LLC "Bashkir Meat Company" for 2017-2019. showed that the number of cases during the analyzed period increased by 1.6%, incl. for the main queens - by 10.3%, and for the checked ones, on the contrary, decreased by 21.3%. In general, analyzing the productivity of the broodstock of SK 2 "Mirny" LLC "Bashkir Meat Company", it can be noted that in 2019 12256 farrows were received, of which 79.7% - from the main queens and 20.3% - from the checked sows. The average fertility of queens for the breeds raised was 15.0 heads, incl. in the main queens - 15.4 heads, in the tested queens - 13.4 heads. The greatest multiple (16.1 heads) was revealed in purebred breeding of the Yorkshire breed. The average large-sized piglets in the complex is 1.38 kg, the survival rate for weaning is 93.1%, and the yield of business piglets is 13.6 heads. It has been established that the reproductive qualities of sows are relatively stable throughout the year, which is associated with the maintenance of an optimal microclimate in the livestock premises of the pig complex. When receiving marketable fattening young stock, preference should be given to parental genotypes YxJ, YxL.
ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC SURVEYS AT ESTABLISHING DEPOSITS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Zotova N. , Lukmanova A.D. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Shafeeva E.I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Baygildina G.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The article presents a general approach to the implementation of engineering and geodetic surveys when arranging a sand pit in the conditions of the spread of permafrost soils. It is believed that the solution to the problems arising in the extraction of minerals in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district is possible using the described methodology. The considered method using modern geodetic instruments (GNS-receivers, TOPCON GTS-239N total station, “Credo-dialogue” software complexes) will allow obtaining reliable information for their further use. In the process of data processing, plans were prepared for the planning and altitude justification of the quarry area and access roads M 1: 5000, the topographic plan of the quarry M 1: 1000 with a relief cross section of 1 m. It is assumed that these studies in the future will allow implementing organizations to reduce execution costs works and will improve economic efficiency in conditions of moving unstable soils.