bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Barthian Predominance in Korean Theology: Its Origins and Problems
Authors: Hwang Jae-Buhm
Published: May 2020

This study examines the origins, early history, and theological problems of the Barthian and Germanic predominance in Korean Protestant theology. The originators and most influential promoters of the predominance were Rev. Chai-choon Kim (1901–1987) and Dr Jong-sung Rhee (1922–2011), the theological and denominational leaders of the more or less liberalist Korean Presbyterian churches. Both of them went almost the same theological way: After getting to know Karl Barth and his dominance in Japan and deepening their knowledge of Barthian theology in the USA, they fought against the Korean Presbyterian churches’ conservative, Old Princeton theology on the basis of Barthian theology. Having witnessed the notorious conflicts and schisms of the Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK), both Kim and Rhee presupposed that the principal culprit of the conflicts and schisms was the conservative, Old Princeton (Reformed Orthodox) theology that the American Presbyterian Korea missionaries had successfully planted in Korean Presbyterian churches. So in order to attack the missionaries’ theology as well as to justify their liberalist theology, both Kim and Rhee profoundly accepted the Barthian triumph frame: the Reformed Orthodoxy of the 17th and 18th centuries was defeated by the liberalism of the 19th century, which was, in turn, overcome by the Barthian Neo-Orthodoxy of the 20th century. Although the frame itself has recently been proved to be unfounded, both Kim and Rhee blindly accepted it and led their numerous followers to throw out both the missionaries and their Old Princeton theology. Nevertheless, Kim and Rhee ‘threw the baby out with the bathwater’; they led the next generation to be deprived of its own Reformed history, whose living legacy has been the missionaries’ Reformed Orthodoxy and Old Princeton theology. On the other hand, having accepted Barthian theology enthusiastically, both Kim and Rhee exploited it mainly to condemn the missionaries’ theology, ending up failing to integrate it into their own theologies.
The problematic use of social networking sites associates with elevated symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Aydin Orkun , Çökmüş Fikret Poyraz , Balikçi Kuzeymen , Sücüllüoğlu-Dikici Didem , Ünal-Aydin Pınar
Published: May 2020

Background:

Although excessive use of social networking site (SNS) is related to undesired effects on healthy individual’s psychological well-being, there is a huge gap in studies performed with individuals who suffer from various mental disorders.

Aim:

The main goal of this study is to examine the association between problematic utilization of SNSs and depressive symptoms across patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods:

111 patients diagnosed with MDD (diagnoses confirmed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5–Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV)) and 108 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study. Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) were administered by both MDD and HC groups. Group comparisons were estimated with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) analyses. To identify the relationship between SNS addiction and depressive symptoms, the Pearson correlations were performed, and finally, we computed the multiple linear regression analyses to determine whether SNS addiction predicts depressive symptoms.

Results:

The results revealed that MDD group is more addicted to SNS relative to HC. In addition, depressive symptoms were significantly predicted by ‘relapse’ subdimension and the overall score of SNS addiction in the MDD group.

Conclusion:

Our study illustrated the detrimental effects of excessive SNSs usage on depressive symptoms in MDD particularly for the individuals in ‘relapse’ state of SNS addiction. The mental health workers should consider the usage patterns of SNSs in patients diagnosed with MDD during their clinical observation and management.
A Case-Control Study of Fluoridation and Osteosarcoma
Authors: Kim F.M. , Hayes C. , Burgard S.L. , Kim H.D. , Hoover R.N. ,   National Osteosarcoma Etiology Group, Douglass C.W. , Couper D.
Published: May 2020

Public health policy decisions in the United States have resulted in 62.4% of the population having access to fluoridated water. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between community water fluoridation and osteosarcoma. A secondary data analysis was performed with data collected from 2 separate but linked studies. Patients for phase 1 and phase 2 were selected from US hospitals via a matched case-control study design. For both phases, cases included patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma, and controls were patients diagnosed with other bone tumors or nonneoplastic conditions. In phase 1, cases ( n = 209) and controls ( n = 440) were patients of record in the participating orthopedic departments from 1989 to 1993. In phase 2, cases ( n = 108) and controls ( n = 296) were incident patients who were identified and treated by orthopedic physicians from 1994 to 2000. This analysis included all patients who met eligibility criteria on whom we had complete data on covariates, exposures, and outcome. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of community water fluoridation with osteosarcoma. A modestly significant interaction existed between fluoridation living status and bottled water use ( P = 0.047). The adjusted OR for osteosarcoma and ever having lived in a fluoridated area for nonbottled water drinkers was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.84; P = 0.008). In the same comparison, the adjusted OR for bottled water drinkers was 1.86 (95% CI, 0.54 to 6.41; P = 0.326). Findings from this study demonstrated that community water fluoridation is not associated with an increased risk for osteosarcoma.
Sustainability in Dentistry: A Multifaceted Approach Needed
Authors: Duane B. , Stancliffe R. , Miller F.A. , Sherman J. , Pasdeki-Clewer E.
Published: May 2020

This article provides an introduction to environmentally sustainable dentistry and offers perspectives on managing drivers to reduce carbon emissions and make dentistry more environmentally sustainable. A sustainable world must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Global commitment to sustainability and demands for a sustainable world are growing. Within dentistry, travel creates the highest carbon emissions and also contributes to human health damage. Internally, there are a number of ways to reduce impact by decreasing travel and energy use, as well as carefully considering the types of items purchased (and how they are disposed of). Larger dental organizations can influence their suppliers and industry by choosing to purchase from sustainable companies with environmentally friendly products. From an external driver perspective policy, guidance and research are essential. Governments need to reevaluate decontamination policy from an environmental perspective. Decontamination documents need revision to consider both planetary and public health. Dental organizations need to support dental teams in this area. Insurance providers and health care purchasers should review policies to influence the sustainability of dental providers. Sustainability education needs to be considered as part of the curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate students. Guidance could also be developed for the dental industry to produce sustainable products. Research needs to be prioritized. Identifying hot spots or areas of high environmental contributions using other assessments such as life cycle analysis (LCA) would allow dentistry to identify products or practices that have a disproportionate adverse impact on the environment and might be prioritized for change. This should include an analysis of single-use instruments, chemicals, and products. Building research capacity by training students and creating virtual or physical centers for sustainability is essential. Financial support is needed for priority areas of research.
Alveolar Bone Segmentation in Intraoral Ultrasonographs with Machine Learning
Authors: Nguyen K.C.T. , Duong D.Q. , Almeida F.T. , Major P.W. , Kaipatur N.R. , Pham T.T. , Lou E.H.M. , Noga M. , Punithakumar K. , Le L.H.
Published: May 2020

The use of intraoral ultrasound imaging has received great attention recently due to the benefits of being a portable and low-cost imaging solution for initial and continuing care that is noninvasive and free of ionizing radiation. Alveolar bone is an important structure in the periodontal apparatus to support the tooth. Accurate assessment of alveolar bone level is essential for periodontal diagnosis. However, interpretation of alveolar bone structure in ultrasound images is a challenge for clinicians. This work is aimed at automatically segmenting alveolar bone and locating the alveolar crest via a machine learning (ML) approach for intraoral ultrasound images. Three convolutional neural network–based ML methods were trained, validated, and tested with 700, 200, and 200 images, respectively. To improve the robustness of the ML algorithms, a data augmentation approach was introduced, where 2100 additional images were synthesized through vertical and horizontal shifting as well as horizontal flipping during the training process. Quantitative evaluations of 200 images, as compared with an expert clinician, showed that the best ML approach yielded an average Dice score of 85.3%, sensitivity of 88.5%, and specificity of 99.8%, and identified the alveolar crest with a mean difference of 0.20 mm and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.98) in less than a second. This work demonstrated the potential use of ML to assist general dentists and specialists in the visualization of alveolar bone in ultrasound images.
Microbial and Host Factors That Affect Bacterial Invasion of the Gingiva
Authors: Ji S. , Choi Y.
Published: May 2020

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by the loss of homeostasis between subgingival biofilms and susceptible hosts. Bacterial invasion into the gingival tissue and persistent infection are major events that lead to chronic inflammation. The intratissue bacterial communities are as complex as the subgingival biofilms and can also form biofilm-like structures, which will serve as a reservoir for local and systemic infections. The epithelium forms physical, chemical, and immunological barriers against invading microbes. Nevertheless, many bacterial species can invade the gingival epithelium through transcellular and paracellular pathways. In addition, both genetic and environmental factors of the hosts can affect epithelial barrier functions and thus bacterial invasion of the gingiva. In this review, current evidence for the bacterial invasion of the gingival tissue in periodontitis has been summarized, and the microbial and host factors that determine bacterial invasion of the gingiva have been reviewed.
Exploring Discipline-Specific Vocabulary Retention in L2 through App Design: Implications for Higher Education Students
Authors: Kohnke Lucas , Zou Di , Zhang Ruofei
Published: May 2020

In higher education, understanding discipline-specific vocabulary can be challenging. Insufficient vocabulary can be a major challenge for students as they begin their university studies. This study examined university undergraduate English language learners’ discipline-specific vocabulary retention when they used an in-house developed mobile app, Books vs Brains@PolyU, in Hong Kong. A total of 159 second language (L2) students from four disciplines participated in the study, and they completed a pre- and posttest consisting of 120 words in four difficulty levels in their chosen disciplines. The results suggested that participants acquired more vocabulary words at the intermediate and advanced levels than at the beginner and elementary ones. The findings improve the understanding of MALL and vocabulary acquisition using apps to facilitate and support learners’ academic studies.
50 Years of Power and the Influence of the National Economic Association: Black Economist Contributions to Economics Profession
Authors: Swinton Omari H.
Published: May 2020

The National Economic Association (NEA) president addresses the membership body at the annual meeting. He reflects on the past presidents of the organization and their accomplishments. He then addresses his path through the NEA from a child to the president of the organization and the assistance that many provided along the way.
Working memory and psychological resilience in South African emerging adults
Authors: Bemath Nabeelah , Cockcroft Kate , Theron Linda
Published: May 2020

The role of cognitive factors, such as working memory, in psychological resilience has not been widely investigated, although a few studies tentatively suggest a positive association. Given the contextually embedded nature of resilience, sociocultural factors may also influence any relationship between working memory and resilience, and so a concurrent triangulation, mixed method design, located in a socioecological model, was employed to explore this relationship in South African emerging adults from disadvantaged circumstances. A total of 38 participants completed biographical, working memory, and resilience measures. Around 14 of these participants were also interviewed about the perceived role of working memory processes in resilient behaviours. The results suggest that working memory processes indirectly promote resilience-enabling behaviours, while the sociocultural environment also facilitates behaviours which engage working memory and foster resilience. These findings have implications for the development of cognitive-based, resilience-promoting interventions for young adults.
Beyond susceptibility: Openness to peer influence is predicted by adaptive social relationships
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Loeb Emily L. , Kansky Jessica , Davis Alida A.
Published: May 2020

This study examined the hypothesis, derived from theories highlighting the importance of group harmony and sense of belonging in human relationships, that the adolescents who are most likely to be influenced by their close friends are those who have the highest quality social relationships. Potential moderators of close friend influence on adolescent substance use were examined in a sample of 157 adolescents followed across a 1-year period in mid-adolescence using a combination of observational, sociometric, and self- and peer-report measures. As hypothesized, the degree to which adolescents changed their levels of substance use in accord with a close friend’s levels of use at baseline was predicted by multiple, independent markers of higher quality social relationships including having a higher quality maternal relationship, being identified as a socially desirable companion within the broader peer group, and having a close friend who handled disagreements with warmth and autonomy. Notably, influence processes were neutral in valence: Teens displayed relative reductions in substance use when their close friends had low levels of use and the opposite when their friends had high levels of use. Results are discussed as suggesting the need to distinguish overall normative and adaptive peer influence processes from the sometimes maladaptive effects that can occur when teens associate with specific deviant peers or with a problematic adolescent subculture.
Off balance: Systematizing deformations of liberal democracy
Authors: König Pascal D , Siewert Markus B
Published: May 2020

The project of liberal democracy is inherently marked by tensions between its liberal and democratic pillar. This means that liberal democracy needs to constantly strive for a balance between conflicting principles. If it does not contain these centrifugal forces, liberal democracies risk becoming subverted from within due to one principle clearly dominating the other. In this article, we start from the idea of liberal democracy depending on balance to systematically assess multiple endogenous challenges to democracy. We identify four types of deformations and show how they are qualitatively distinct phenomena, yet systematically relate to each other. We furthermore discuss what the co-existence of several such deformations means for the notion of liberal democracy understood as a state of balance. In sum, the proposed framework adds to existing research by providing a systematizing and theoretically grounded assessment of ongoing subversive tendencies in liberal democracy.
Two-level games and market constraints on politics in Europe
Authors: McMenamin Iain , Breen Michael , Muñoz-Portillo Juan
Published: May 2020

Financial markets understood the Euro crisis as a two-level game. They monitored national politics as a source of both national and European policy. The incentives to conform to the market’s preference were weaker for creditor countries than for debtor countries because debtors were providers of their own macroeconomic policy, but each creditor was one of several contributing to bailouts. Worries about default caused investors to sell the bonds of debtors and thereby constrained debtors by raising interest rates. By contrast, if creditor behaviour reduced the probability of a bailout of debtors, the response again would be to sell assets linked to the debtor. The implication is that market responses to creditor elections should have been larger and more turbulent than reactions to debtor elections. We test this theory by analyzing credit default swaps of eleven countries around fifteen elections and conducting a content analysis of 3,126 reports from Bloomberg terminals.
Data mining fool’s gold
Authors: Smith Gary
Published: May 2020

The scientific method is based on the rigorous testing of falsifiable conjectures. Data mining, in contrast, puts data before theory by searching for statistical patterns without being constrained by prespecified hypotheses. Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, for example, often rely on data-mining algorithms to construct models with little or no human guidance. However, a plethora of patterns are inevitable in large data sets, and computer algorithms have no effective way of assessing whether the patterns they unearth are truly useful or meaningless coincidences. While data mining sometimes discovers useful relationships, the data deluge has caused the number of possible patterns that can be discovered relative to the number that are genuinely useful to grow exponentially—which makes it increasingly likely that what data mining unearths is likely to be fool’s gold.
The function of alliteration in the prosaic and poetic accounts of the Deborah cycle
Authors: Backfish Elizabeth HP
Published: May 2020

This article analyzes the use of alliteration in the narrative and poetic texts of the Deborah cycle (Judges 4-5) and seeks to show how the rhetorical function of alliteration in each account is distinctive to its respective genre. In the narrative account, alliteration serves the plot and irony of the story, often playing on proper nouns and spanning multiple verses. In the poetic account, alliteration has a structural effect of both demarcating cola and strophes and unifying distinct segments of the poem.
Appearance-Related Social Networking Sites and Body Image in Young Women: Testing an Objectification-Social Comparison Model
Authors: Seekis Veya , Bradley Graham L. , Duffy Amanda L.
Published: May 2020

In this study, we drew on an integrated model of objectification and social comparison theories to test the associations between young women’s use of social networking sites and their body image concerns. A sample of 338 undergraduate women, aged 17–25 years, completed online questionnaire measures of engagement in three social networking site activities (browsing or following celebrity, fashion, and beauty sites, browsing or following fitspiration-related content, and placing importance on online “likes” and comments). Also assessed were upward appearance comparison, body surveillance, social appearance anxiety, and two indices of body image concerns (drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction). Structural equation modeling was used to test two competing models, both of which posited social appearance anxiety as the immediate precursor to body image concerns. In line with the integrated objectification-social comparison model, results supported a serial mediation model that comprised significant paths from two of the social networking site activities (browsing or following celebrity, fashion, and beauty sites, and placing importance on online “likes” and comments) through, in turn, upward appearance comparison, body surveillance, and social appearance anxiety, to drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Viewing fitspiration-related content was associated with body image concerns directly, rather than indirectly. Findings highlight objectification and appearance comparison factors as targets for future interventions regarding appearance-related social networking site use.
Long-term Results of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Follow-up Study Comparing Single-Row Versus Double-Row Fixation Techniques
Authors: Plachel Fabian , Siegert Paul , Rüttershoff Katja , Thiele Kathi , Akgün Doruk , Moroder Philipp , Scheibel Markus , Gerhardt Christian
Published: May 2020

Background:

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) with suture anchor–based fixation techniques has replaced former open and mini-open approaches. Nevertheless, long-term studies are scarce, and lack of knowledge exists about whether single-row (SR) or double-row (DR) methods are superior in clinical and anatomic results.

Purpose:

To analyze long-term results after arthroscopic RCR in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears and to compare functional and radiographic outcomes between SR and DR repair techniques at least 10 years after surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between 2005 and 2006, 40 patients with a symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tear (supraspinatus tendon tear with or without a tear of the infraspinatus tendon) underwent arthroscopic RCR with either an SR repair with a modified Mason-Allen suture–grasping technique (n = 20) or a DR repair with a suture bridge fixation technique (n = 20). All patients were enrolled in a long-term clinical evaluation, with the Constant score (CS) as the primary outcome measure. Furthermore, an ultrasound examination was performed to assess tendon integrity and conventional radiographs to evaluate secondary glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Results:

A total of 27 patients, of whom 16 were treated with an SR repair and 11 with a DR repair, were followed up after a mean ± SD period of 12 ± 1 years (range, 11-14 years). Five patients underwent revision surgery on the affected shoulder during follow-up period, which led to 22 patients being included. The overall CS remained stable at final follow-up when compared with short-term follow-up (81 ± 8 vs 83 ± 19 points; P = .600). An increasing number of full-thickness retears were found: 6 of 22 (27%) at 2 years and 9 of 20 (45%) at 12 years after surgery. While repair failure negatively affected clinical results as shown by the CS ( P < .05), no significant difference was found between the fixation techniques ( P = .456). In general, progressive osteoarthritic changes were observed, with tendon integrity as a key determinant.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic RCR with either an SR or a DR fixation technique provided good clinical long-term results. Repair failure was high, with negative effects on clinical results and the progression of secondary glenohumeral osteoarthritis. While DR repair slightly enhanced tendon integrity at long-term follow-up, no clinical superiority to SR repair was found.
The case history in the colonies
Authors: Linstrum Erik
Published: May 2020

The case history in the colonial context was a hybrid form, caught between bureaucratic pressures toward racialization, aggregation, and generalization, on the one hand, and the individualistic bias of the genre, on the other. This tension posed a problem for colonial rulers. In their drive to harvest neat, ideologically reliable knowledge about the minds of colonial subjects, officials and researchers in the 20th-century British Empire read case histories in selective ways, pared them down to simplistic fables, and ultimately bypassed them whenever they could. In other words, although they worked mightily to bend the case history to their purposes, they never fully succeeded. The authority granted to personal testimony and the capaciousness of the detail in case histories always contained a subversive potential. As a result, the politics of the colonial case history were underdetermined, overflowing the categories and resisting the generalizations that colonial rulers sought to impose.
Synthesis and characterization of new cardo poly(ether amide)s containing 9(10H)-anthrone units
Authors: Luo Yi-Sheng , Wang Qiu-Ying , Mao Xue-Chun , Sheng Shou-Ri
Published: May 2020

A new aromatic diamine, 10,10-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-9(10 H)-anthrone (BAPA) has been synthesized from anthrone via three-step procedure. Direct phosphorylation polycondensation of BAPA with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids produced a series of cardo poly(ether amide)s with inherent viscosities of 0.97–1.29 dL g−1. All the polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and pyridine at room temperature, and afforded transparent, strong, and flexible films upon casting from DMAc solvent. The resulting poly(ether amide)s had glass transition temperatures of 254–316°C, 10% weight loss temperatures of 495–524°C, and char yields of 55–70% at 800°C in nitrogen. These polymers were amorphous and their films exhibited tensile strengths of 81.6–104.7 MPa, tensile moduli of 1.8–2.4 GPa, and elongations at break of 8–15%.
East Asia’s Other New World, China and the Viceroyalty of Peru: A Neglected Aspect of Early Modern Maritime History
Authors: Schottenhammer Angela
Published: May 2020

At least officially, the Chinese government showed little to no interest in the Asia-Pacific region. We also know very little about Chinese state interference except for attempts to fight against piracy in the Southeast Asian waters. This article will consequently address and survey a neglected aspect of China’s maritime history, namely China’s (indirect) relationship with the Viceroyalty of Peru, its capital Lima (= Ciudad de los Reyes), and its port of Callao, and with the ‘silver centre’ in the Spanish Indies—the Villa Imperial (= Potosí), in the hinterlands of the Viceroyalty of Peru. These active, but at first sight less obvious and frequently neglected parts of the trans-Pacific trade, I would like to call ‘the other New World’.

The article introduces a variety of micro-historical bottom-up insights into connections between two places that at first sight seem related to each other only through the shipments of huge quantities of silver from the Cerro Rico in Potosí via Acapulco and Manila to China, in exchange for Chinese silks and porcelains, looking specifically at some micro networks, contraband, informal, accidental, and undesired exchanges. It offers preliminary results and a general framework and survey of trade connections, routes and information on the variety of Chinese products that reached Peru.
Organizational Culture, Process Management and Maturity of the Process: An Empirical Study of the Process Status in Peru
Authors: Saravia-Vergara Enrique , Sanchís-Pedregosa Carlos , Albort-Morant Gema
Published: May 2020

Business process management (BPM) is considered a source of improvement for business efficiency and effectiveness, although its correct implementation is a tough challenge to most organizations. In this line, some authors noted how certain organizational culture acts as a precursor of a successful BPM implementation. However, there is insufficient empirical research in this regard. Covering this gap is the objective of the present research. The study adopted a non-probability convenience sampling method to obtain 187 participants who are executives of Peruvian companies. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for the data analysis, we found that oganizational culture is an antecedent that positively influences the success of a correct BPM implementation and has a direct and indirect relationship with process outcomes and maturity. We also identified which elements are most relevant to process success. Based on our findings, it is not advisable that organizations direct their efforts only to the implementation of process management practices, they should also analyse and carry out previous actions to set the right organizational culture conditions. This study shows evidence to extant traditional maturity models and consider culture as an isolated antecedent. Besides, it is the first to be developed with data from a Latin American country—Peru.
Suicide and ‘hidden suicide’: a comparison of rates in selected countries
Authors: Snowdon John
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To review rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ in New Zealand (NZ), Australia, Ireland and Spain.

Method:

Using estimated population figures and online cause-of-death data from four countries, rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ in 2014–2016 were calculated and compared.

Results:

Age patterns and rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ differ between these countries. The male suicide rate progressively rises across the age range in Spain but becomes lower in late life in Ireland. The male patterns in NZ and Australia are bimodal; male and female rates decrease in late life, with NZ lower than Australia. Māori age patterns are downward-sloping. Suicide rates of young Māori considerably exceed those of young non-Māori in NZ.

Conclusions:

The NZ youth suicide peaks are attributable to high rates of Māori youth suicide. Rates of ‘hidden suicide’ are relatively low in the four countries.
The fentanyls: a ‘future threat’ for Australia?
Authors: Scamvougeras Anton , Greene Shaun L , Norman Amanda , Bonomo Yvonne , Castle David J
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The fentanyls have emerged as a significant public health threat in North America but much less so in Australia. We sought to identify reasons for this discrepancy and highlight harm reduction approaches that may mitigate a future Australian fentanyl epidemic.

Conclusions:

Differences in drug use ‘culture’ and a supply of cheap high-quality methamphetamine in Australia may be reasons for the observed difference in fentanyl-related harm. More worryingly, it is possible that Australia is following North American trends and that the fentanyl epidemic is still to come.
Obesity, physical activity and sleep quality in patients admitted to a posttraumatic stress inpatient ward
Authors: Chen Andrew , Rosenbaum Simon , Wells Ruth , Gould Kirrily , Ward Philip B. , Steel Zachary
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to cross-sectionally examine the association between physical health indicators and PTSD symptomatology.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatients of a service related trauma-focused ward. Physical and mental health indicators including sleep quality, fitness, physical activity, body mass index and PTSD symptomatology were assessed.

Results:

Among 60 inpatients, significant associations were found between sedentary time ( r = 0.42; p < .001) and sleep quality ( r = 0.40; p < .001) with PTSD symptomatology. The vast majority of inpatients ( n = 56; 93%) were found to be either overweight or obese according to body mass index.

Conclusion:

Inpatients of a PTSD treatment facility had extremely high rates of obesity, physical inactivity, poor cardiorespiratory fitness and poor sleep quality. Sedentary behaviour is a modifiable risk factor associated with symptoms and physical health.
Decent Work’s Association With Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Withdrawal Intentions in Australian Working Adults
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Hoare P. Nancey , Perera Harsha N. , Kossen Chris , Mason Louisa , Munday Shannon , Alchin Carolyn , Creed Allison , McDonald Nicole
Published: May 2020

The present research is focused on the measurement properties of the Decent Work Scale (DWS) in Australia and adds to the cumulative evidence of the measure’s international utility for psychological research into the role of work in people’s lives. The study contributes new evidence via a survey of a sample of workers ( N = 201) who completed the DWS and criterion measures of career-related factors including job satisfaction, work engagement, and withdrawal intentions. Correlated factors, higher order, and bifactor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. All models were satisfactory and the bifactor model evinced preferable fit. The DWS Values Congruence subscale predicted all criterion measures. Workers’ incomes and ratings of their occupations’ prestige had no main effects or interaction effect on the DWS subscales. Recommendations for future research include testing the DWS’s relations with measures of mental health which are known correlates of career-related outcomes.
Robust fault estimation of a blade pitch and drivetrain system in wind turbine model
Authors: Sedigh Ziyabari Seyedeh Hamideh , Aliyari Shoorehdeli Mahdi , Karimirad Madjid
Published: May 2020

In this article, a novel robust fault estimation scheme to ensure efficient and reliable operation of wind turbines has been presented. Wind turbines are complex systems with large flexible structures that work under very turbulent and unpredictable environmental conditions for a variable electrical grid. The proposed observer-based estimation scheme consists of a set of possible faults affecting the dynamics, sensors, and actuators of wind turbines. First, the pitch and drivetrain system faults occur simultaneously with process and sensor disturbances that are called unknown input signals. Second, through a series of coordinate transformations, the faulty subsystem is decoupled from the rest of the system. The first subsystem is affected by unknown inputs, and the second one is affected by faults. A reduced-order unknown input observer is designed to reconstruct states accurately, whereas a reduced-order sliding mode observer is designed for the second subsystem such that it is robust against unknown inputs and faults. Moreover, the reduced-order unknown input observer guarantees the asymptotic stability of the error dynamics using the Lyapunov theory method and completely removes unknown inputs; on the other hand, the reduced-order sliding mode observer is designed to reconstruct faults for the faulty subsystem accurately. Until now, authors only focused on an unknown input signal in the dynamics of the system, especially in nonlinear systems. The estimated fault will be adequate to accommodate the control loop, and sufficient conditions are developed to guarantee the stability of the state estimation error. In the next step, to figure the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a wind turbine benchmark system model is considered with faults and unknown inputs scenarios. The simulation results are used to validate the robustness of the proposed algorithms under noise conditions, and the results show that the algorithm could classify faults robustly.
Genetic Variation Near chrXq22-q23 Is Linked to Emotional Functioning in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Barbato Eric , Daly Barbara , Douglas Sara , Kerr Mary , Litman Paul , Darrah Rebecca
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that affects many organ systems, most notably the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Through genome-wide association studies, multiple genetic regions modifying CF-related pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms have been identified, but translation of these findings to clinical benefit remains elusive. Symptom variation in CF patients has been associated with changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but the relationship between CF symptom-modifying genetic loci and HRQOL has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to determine whether two previously identified genetic modifiers of CF-related pathology also modify the subscales of HRQOL.

Methods:

HRQOL and genotype data were obtained and analyzed. Linear regressions were used to examine the amount of variance in HRQOL subscales that could be explained by genotype for each modifier locus.

Results:

A significant regression equation was found between genotype for rs5952223, a variant near chrXq22-q23, and emotional functioning in a sample of 129 CF patients.

Discussion:

These data suggest that genotype for this single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with emotional functioning in CF patients and highlight this genetic region as a potential therapeutic target, irrespective of CF transmembrane conductance regulator genotype.
Surgical management of chronic pelvic instability following periacetabular osteotomy nonunion
Authors: Shearman Alexander D , Hashemi-Nejad Aresh , Bankes Marcus JK , Lewis Angus D
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an established treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in skeletally mature individuals without arthritis. Pelvic nonunion and associated stress fractures are under-reported. Nonunited stress fractures can cause continued buttock pain and pelvic instability. The aim of this study is to report on our experience managing patients with ongoing pain following nonunion of PAO.

Patients and methods:

8 patients presented to a tertiary referral pelvic service with symptomatic PAO nonunion between 2015-2018. All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation of the superior pubic ramus nonunion, with ipsilateral iliac autograft, at an average of 48.1 (15–82) months following initial osteotomy. Demographic and perioperative data were recorded. Follow-up was on average to 9.9 months, once union was confirmed radiographically.

Results:

All patients were female and average age was 31.8 (18–41) years. In 7/8 (87.5%) patients a modified Stoppa approach was successfully utilised. 1 patient required an ilioinguinal approach due to the amount of rotational correction. All patients went on to union at the superior pubic ramus and reported improvement in mechanical symptoms. 5/8 (62.5%) patients were noted to develop union of the posterior column or inferior pubic ramus stress fracture indirectly. 2/8 (25%) patients developed progression of intra-articular pain, despite restoration of pelvic stability. 1 patient required intraoperative transfusion due to femoral vein injury. There were no other complications seen in this series.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of surgically managed PAO nonunion. Pelvic instability resulting from nonunion and stress fracture can be satisfactorily addressed by mobilising, grafting and plating the nonunion at the superior pubic ramus. The modified Stoppa approach is suitable in most cases, allowing excellent exposure whilst minimising the insult to soft tissues. The altered anatomy of the pelvis following PAO should be anticipated to reduce the risk to nearby neurovascular structures.
Long-term results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in patients 65 years of age or older
Authors: Amstutz Harlan C , Le Duff Michel J
Published: May 2020

Background:

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (MMHRA) is typically used in young and active patients because they have the most to gain from this bone-preserving procedure. However, there is very little long-term data on the performance of MMHRA in patients 65 years of age or older because of the efficacy of conventional total hip arthroplasty in this patient population.

Methods:

109 patients (124 hips) age ⩾65 years were treated with Conserve Plus MMHRA. There were 83 male and 26 female patients. Their mean age at surgery was 69.5 (range 65–83) years. UCLA hip scores, SF-12 quality of life score were collected at follow-up visits. Radiographic and survivorship analyses were performed.

Results:

SF-12 scores and UCLA scores were maintained over time except for a small decrease in activity. 4 patients underwent revision surgery. The 15-year Kaplan-Meier survivorship of the cohort was 93.7%. All revisions surgeries were successful at a mean follow-up time of 113 (range 30–218) months. Unusual radiographic findings from our previous publication did not progress over time except for 1 hip that showed a complete radiolucency around the acetabular component.

Conclusions:

Our results clearly show that HRA is a viable prosthetic solution with many advantages for all active patients, regardless of their age at the time of surgery.
Lightweight ventilated façade: Acoustic performance in laboratory conditions, analysing the impact of controlled ventilation variations on airborne sound insulation
Authors: Zamora Mestre Joan Lluis , Niampira Andrea
Published: May 2020

The use of double-sheet enclosures with an intermediate non-ventilated air cavity guarantees a higher airborne sound insulation. The insulation advantages depend on air tightness and the placement of sound absorbing material in the air cavity. The lightweight ventilated façade is a system constructed by the addition of an external light cladding on a heavy single wall to establish an intermediate air cavity. This air cavity can be ventilated under controlled cooling effects, because of Sun’s radiation, and to reduce the risk of dampness caused by rainwater. Owing to this ventilation, acoustic insulation of the lightweight ventilated façade could be less effective. However, some authors indicate that air cavity moderate ventilation does not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in the airborne sound insulation. The authors previously verified this situation in a real building where the existing façade of masonry walls was transformed into a lightweight ventilated façade. The preliminary results indicate the acoustic benefits can be compatible with the hygrothermal benefits derived from controlled ventilation. This article presents the next step, the evaluation of the lightweight ventilated façade acoustic performance under laboratory conditions to revalidate the previous results and refining aspects as the air cavity thickness or the state of openings ventilation. The main results obtained indicate that the airborne sound insulation in laboratory is aligned with the previous results in a real building. Air cavity thickness from 110 to 175 mm and ventilation openings from 0% to 3.84% of the façade area does not lead to a significant reduction in the airborne sound insulation.
Cortical axonal loss is associated with both gray matter demyelination and white matter tract pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a combined MRI-histopathology study
Authors: Kiljan Svenja , Preziosa Paolo , Jonkman Laura E , van de Berg Wilma DJ , Twisk Jos , Pouwels Petra JW , Schenk Geert J , Rocca Maria A , Filippi Massimo , Geurts Jeroen JG , Steenwijk Martijn D
Published: May 2020

Background:

Neuroaxonal degeneration is one of the hallmarks of clinical deterioration in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS).

Objective:

To elucidate the association between neuroaxonal degeneration and both local cortical and connected white matter (WM) tract pathology in PMS.

Methods:

Post-mortem in situ 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cortical tissue blocks were collected from 16 PMS donors and 10 controls. Cortical neuroaxonal, myelin, and microglia densities were quantified histopathologically. From diffusion tensor MRI, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and white matter lesions (WML) of WM tracts connected to dissected cortical regions. Between-group differences and within-group associations were investigated through linear mixed models.

Results:

The PMS donors displayed significant axonal loss in both demyelinated and normal-appearing (NA) cortices ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.02) compared with controls. In PMS, cortical axonal density was associated with WML MD and AD ( p = 0.003; p = 0.02, respectively), and NAWM MD and AD ( p = 0.04; p = 0.049, respectively). NAWM AD and WML AD explained 12.6% and 22.6%, respectively, of axonal density variance in NA cortex. Additional axonal loss in demyelinated cortex was associated with cortical demyelination severity ( p = 0.002), explaining 34.4% of axonal loss variance.

Conclusion:

Reduced integrity of connected WM tracts and cortical demyelination both contribute to cortical axonal loss in PMS.
Why did Turkish democracy collapse? A political economy account of AKP’s authoritarianism
Authors: Esen Berk , Gumuscu Sebnem
Published: May 2020

After decades of multiparty politics, Turkey is no longer a democracy. A theory-upending case, the country has descended into a competitive authoritarian regime under the Justice and Development Party ( Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—AKP), despite rising income and education levels and strong links with the West. What accounts for democratic breakdown in such an unlikely case? Instead of ideological and institutional factors, we offer a political economy account. We contend that the coalitional ties that the AKP forged with businesses and the urban poor through the distribution of public resources has altered the cost of toleration for the party leadership and their dependent clients, while reducing the cost of suppression for incumbents. This new political calculus led to increasing authoritarianism of the AKP government through securitization of dissent, mounting repression, and systematic violation of civil liberties.
Self-recognition of trauma-related psychopathology and help-seeking among resettled Iraqi refugees in Australia
Authors: Mond Jonathan , Slewa-Younan Shameran , Gabriela Uribe Guajardo Maria , Mohammad Yaser , Johnson Emma , Milosevic Diana
Published: May 2020

The current study sought to examine resettled Iraqi refugees’ recognition of trauma-related psychopathology and the association between recognition and help-seeking. Participants were 66 men and women aged 18 to 70 years with clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recruited from a larger, community-based sample in Western Sydney, Australia. Participants were presented with a vignette of a fictional character who had been exposed to trauma prior to leaving Iraq and who was suffering from symptoms of PTSD. Participants were then asked if they believed that they might currently have a problem such as the one described in the vignette. Approximately half (50.8%) of participants believed that they might currently have a problem such as the one described in the vignette and one third (33.3%) of participants had ever sought help for such a problem. Participants who believed that they might currently have a problem like the one described were 13 times more likely to have sought help for such a problem, controlling for demographic characteristics, trauma-related symptomatology, and levels of general psychological distress. Poor self-recognition level of trauma-related psychopathology among resettled Iraqi refugees may be a barrier to help-seeking and may therefore be an important target for health promotion and early intervention initiatives.
Attracting the news: Algorithms, platforms, and reframing incidental exposure
Authors: Thorson Kjerstin
Published: May 2020

This article argues for new approaches to the study of incidental exposure that better account for the role of algorithms, platforms, and processes of datafication in shaping the likelihood of news exposure online. It offers a critique of three themes prominent in the incidental exposure literature: (1) incidental exposure connotes accidental exposure to news on social media, (2) news content is ubiquitous on social media, and (3) incidental exposure can be conceptually distinguished from intentional exposure to news on social media. This article proposes a new metaphor to reframe research on incidental exposure: ‘attraction’ to news.