bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the cytotoxicity induced by cannabinoids on human ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Sooda Kartheek , Allison Simon J. , Javid Farideh A.
Published: December 2023

Cannabinoids have been shown to induce anti‐tumor activity in a variety of carcinoma cells such as breast, prostate, and brain. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti‐tumor activity of cannabinoids, CBD (cannbidiol), and CBG (cannabigerol) in ovarian carcinoma cells sensitive and resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Sensitive A2780 cells and resistant A2780/CP70 carcinoma cells and non‐carcinoma cells were exposed to varying concentrations of CBD, CBG, carboplatin or CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists, AM251 and AM630, respectively, alone or in combination, at different exposure times and cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. The mechanism of action of CBD and CB in inducing cytotoxicity was investigated involving a variety of apoptotic and cell cycle assays. Treatment with CBD and CBG selectively, dose and time dependently reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. The effect of CBD was stronger than CBG in all cell lines tested. Both CBD and CBG induced stronger cytotoxicity than afforded by carboplatin in resistant cells. The cytotoxicity induced by CBD was not CB1 or CB2 receptor dependent in both carcinoma cells, however, CBG‐induced cytotoxicity may involve CB1 receptor activity in cisplatin‐resistant carcinoma cells. A synergistic effect was observed when cannabinoids at sublethal doses were combined with carboplatin in both carcinoma cells. The apoptotic event may involve loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V, caspase 3/7, ROS activities, and cell cycle arrest. Further studies are required to investigate whether these results are translatable in the clinic. Combination therapies with conventional cancer treatments using cannabinoids are suggested.
Changes in mixed ethnicity households and neighbourhood transitions in England and Wales
Authors: Catney Gemma , Ellis Mark , Wright Richard
Published: December 2023

Conventional explanations of neighbourhood ethnic transitions consider what drives differential growth in ethnic group populations without regard to household composition. We enrich these nonhousehold approaches by using consistent Census data on neighbourhoods and households for England and Wales for 2001, 2011 and 2021 to analyse connections between mixed‐ethnicity households and neighbourhood ethnic diversity. We employ a neighbourhood typology of ethnic diversity that identifies neighbourhoods as either low‐ or moderate‐diversity, or high‐diversity, where no single ethnic group is in the majority. We focus particularly on White‐majority and highly diverse neighbourhoods given the dominance of the former in residential spaces in England and Wales, and because they are the principal source of transitions to highly diverse neighbourhoods. Mixed‐ethnicity households have become an increasingly important feature of the ethnic diversification of England and Wales; by 2021, almost 15% of multiperson households were mixed, a growth from 12% in 2011 and 9% in 2001. We find that higher levels of neighbourhood ethnic diversity are associated with higher shares of mixed‐ethnicity households. In high‐diversity neighbourhoods, for example, around 30% of multiperson households (nearly a quarter of a million households) were ethnically mixed in 2021. Levels of household mixing in moderate‐diversity White neighbourhoods were considerably higher than in low‐diversity White neighbourhoods. The same is found for diversifying neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods that become more ethnically diverse were typically home to higher rates of mixed‐ethnicity households. Stably moderately diverse White neighbourhoods also had a higher proportion of mixed households. Studies of neighbourhood transition that focus on individuals in neighbourhoods may be missing important processes operating in the intimate spaces of the home. Including this intermediate scale of analysis adds to our understanding of neighbourhood ethnic mixing and processes of integration.
Structural evolution and electronic properties of cerium doped germanium anionic nanocluster CeGen− (n = 5–17): Theoretical investigation
Authors: Hao Chenliang , Dong Caixia , Yang Zhaofeng
Published: December 2023

The rare earth element doped germanium cluster represents a fundamental nanomaterial and exhibits potential in next‐generation industrial electronic nanodevices and applied semiconductors. Herein, the cerium‐doped germanium anionic nanocluster CeGen− (n = 5–17) has been comprehensively investigated by the double hybrid density functional theory of mPW2PLYP associated with the unbiased global searching technique of artificial bee colony algorithm. The cluster's growth pattern undergoes three stages: n = 5–9 with the replaced structure, n = 10–15 with the linked structure, and n ≥ 16 forming a Ce‐encapsulated in Ge inner cage motif. The clusters' PES, IR, and Raman spectra were simulated, and their HOMO‐LUMO gap, magnetism, charge transfer, and relative stability were predicted. These theoretical values can serve as a reference for future experiments to some extent. Moreover, the special D2d symmetry cage geometry of CeGe16− leads to a higher stability and preferred energy gap, making it an ideal candidate for further studies on its aromaticity, UV–vis spectra, and chemical bonding characteristics. In summary, CeGe16− has excellent optical activity that can be potentially employed as a building block in the development of optoelectronic functional materials.
Digital development and innovation for environmental sustainability: The role of government support and government intervention
Authors: Guo Qiaozhe , Yao Nengzhi(Chris) , Ouyang Zhe , Wang Yaolei
Published: December 2023

Green innovation plays a crucial role in actualizing environmental sustainability. Although digitalization is acknowledged for its significant contribution to environmental sustainability, existing research has yet to delve deeply into the mechanisms and conditions under which digital development can bolster green innovation. Bridging the resource‐based view and institutional theory, this research examined how digital development impacts green innovation via the offering of financial backing for the proliferation of green technologies, termed as green finance. We also explored the moderating roles of institutional forces, that is, government support and government intervention. We base our analysis on data collated from 30 provinces in China spanning the years from 2012 to 2018 and employ fixed‐effect and random‐effect regression models, alongside a series of robustness tests. Our findings propose that green finance plays a pivotal role in mediating the relationship between digital development and green innovation. We further discerned that while government support amplifies the impact of digital development on green finance, government intervention tends to undermine it. These insights present valuable contributions to the domains of digital development research, institutional theory, and innovation for environmental sustainability and carry practical implications for policymakers striving for environmental sustainability.
Green Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Effluent using CFN‐800 as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Kaur Sharanjeet , Gupta Ankush , Singh Harminder , Jolly Simran , Garg Shelly
Published: December 2023

In the present study, the synthesis of CFN‐800 photocatalyst (CdFe2O4, nanoparticles calcinated at 800 °C) has been achieved using ACM (auto‐combustion method). The confirmation of the formation of the CFN‐800 photocatalyst was done by using different characterization techniques such as FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, XRD, and SEM. Further, under environmental application, synthesized nanoparticles were utilized for the green photocatalytic degradation of industrial effluent Brilliant Blue FCF (BBF) in aqueous media using sunlight as a natural source of light. The degradation experiment was examined by using a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. Various parameters such as the amount of CFN‐800 photocatalyst (g), the concentration of dye (ppm), the amount of dye (ml), and the pH level (1–11) were analyzed to find the more efficient results in terms of % degradation of BBF dye solution. By experiments, the results found were that the photodegradation of BBF touched to 93 % in 100 min. with 0.010 g of CFN‐800 photocatalyst and 10 ppm dye solution (10 ml) at 5 pH. In addition, the prepared CFN‐800 photocatalyst showed excellent performance in recyclability. Even after recycling for up to four consecutive cycles, no significant decrease in the degrading efficiency of CFN‐800 was observed.
Ratiometric Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Smartphone‐Assisted Visual Detection of Food Contaminants and Water: A Review
Authors: Kayani Kawan F. , Mohammad Nian N. , Kader Dana A. , Mohammed Sewara J. , Shukur Dana A. , Alshatteri Azad H. , Al‐Jaf Sabah H. , Abdalkarim Karzan A. , Hassan Hanar Q.
Published: December 2023

Developing a reliable portable biosensor is crucial for ensuring food safety and human health. This involves accurately detecting contaminants in food and water at their source. Smartphone cameras have recently become useful for capturing color or fluorescence changes that occur when a probe interacts with specific molecules on paper or in a chemical solution. Ratiometric designs, which self‐calibrate and minimize the impact of environmental changes, are gaining popularity. These designs rely on color changes or fluorescence shifts, which are easily assessable with smartphones. This overview highlights advances in ratiometric optical sensing using Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with lanthanide components coupled with smartphones. These advancements allow contaminants in food and water to be visually identified. The article explains the principles, properties, and applications of color changes for visual detection in food safety. Using lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks with smartphones offers a potent method to detect contaminants, enhancing food safety and safeguarding human health.
A Convenient Synthesis of Some Phenyl‐Substituted Aliyclic β‐Amino Esters and β‐Lactams
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Drahos László , Kiss Loránd
Published: December 2023

A convenient synthetic procedure has been developed for the access of phenyl‐substituted alicyclic β‐amino acid derivatives. The substrate‐directed palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of phenylboronic acid with five‐ or six‐membered cycloalkene β‐amino esters and bicyclic β‐lactams in the presence of Selectfluor as oxidant provided phenyl‐substituted alicyclic β‐amino esters and azetidin‐2‐ones. Phenylations were investigated under various experimental conditions with different ligands and solvent systems. The structural architecture of the starting compounds and the position of their ring olefin bond influenced and predetermined the structure of the products.
Solvent‐Free and under Vacuum O‐Benzylation of Carboxylic Acids by Using a Rotary Evaporator
Authors: Chen Yinzhe , Wang Weiding , Qin Haotian , Liu Rui , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2023

A rapid benzylation of carboxylic acids was achieved under vacuum conditions and assisted by a rotary evaporator using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Unlike the conventional method that utilizes the Dean‐Stark setup, which typically takes several hours or longer, benzylation was completed in 30 minutes without a solvent. Furthermore, this method avoids using BnBr or acyl halide as starting material and generates water as the only byproduct. This protocol is featured by its high yield, high atom economy, fast reaction, broad substrate scope, and easy operation. The rotary evaporator is commonly seen in chemistry labs, and there is great potential for exploring rotavap‐assisted organic synthesis.
C60‐based Multivalent Glycoporphyrins Inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 Specific Interaction with the DC‐SIGN Transmembrane Receptor
Authors: Patino‐Alonso Jennifer , Cabrera‐González Justo , Merino Javier , Nieto‐Ortiz Gema , Lasala Fátima , Katati Jouma , da Cruz Carlos H. Bezerra , Monnappa Ajay K. , Mateos‐Gil Pablo , Canales Ángeles , López‐Montero Iván , Illescas Beatriz M. , Delgado Rafael , Martín Nazario
Published: December 2023

Since WHO has declared the COVID‐19 outbreak a global pandemic, nearly seven million deaths have been reported. This efficient spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is facilitated by the ability of the spike glycoprotein to bind multiple cell membrane receptors. Although ACE2 is identified as the main receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, other receptors could play a role in viral entry. Among others, C‐type lectins such as DC‐SIGN are identified as efficient trans‐receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, so the use of glycomimetics to inhibit the infection through the DC‐SIGN blockade is an encouraging approach. In this regard, multivalent nanostructures based on glycosylated [60]fullerenes linked to a central porphyrin scaffold have been designed and tested against DC‐SIGN‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. First results show an outstanding inhibition of the trans‐infection up to 90%. In addition, a deeper understanding of nanostructure‐receptor binding is achieved through microscopy techniques, high‐resolution NMR experiments, Quartz Crystal Microbalance experiments, and molecular dynamic simulations.
Supramolecular Peptide Amphiphile Nanospheres Reprogram Tumor‐associated Macrophage to Reshape the Immune Microenvironment for Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Qiuqun , Huang Jinyan , Wang Xing , Chen Zehong , Zhang Weiqi , Liu Fengjiao , Li Jiejing , Yang Zhimou , Zhan Jie , Cai Yanbin
Published: December 2023

Tumor immunotherapy has become a research hotspot in cancer treatment, with macrophages playing a crucial role in tumor development. However, the tumor microenvironment restricts macrophage functionality, limiting their therapeutic potential. Therefore, modulating macrophage function and polarization is essential for enhancing tumor immunotherapy outcomes. Here, a supramolecular peptide amphiphile drug‐delivery system (SPADS) is utilized to reprogram macrophages and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) for immune‐based therapies. The approach involved designing highly specific SPADS that selectively targets surface receptors of M2‐type macrophages (M2‐Mφ). These targeted peptides induced M2‐Mφ repolarization into M1‐type macrophages by dual inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses, resulting in improved macrophagic antitumor activity and immunoregulatory function. Additionally, TIM reshaping disrupted the immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, leading to increased infiltration, and activation of immune cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of macrophage reshaping and anti‐PD‐1 antibody (aPD‐1) therapy significantly improved the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, thereby enhancing tumor immunotherapy efficacy. SPADS utilization also induced lung metastasis suppression. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of SPADS to drive macrophage reprogramming and reshape TIM, providing new insights, and directions for developing more effective immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
Synthesis of FeOOH/Zn(OH)2/CoS Ferromagnetic Nanocomposites and the Enhanced Mechanism of Magnetic Field for Their Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Gao Shanqiang , Fan Jincheng , Cui Kexin , Wang Zhihao , Huang Ting , Tan Zicong , Niu Chaoqun , Luo Wenbin , Chao Zisheng
Published: December 2023

The FeOOH/Zn(OH)2/CoS (FZC) nanocomposites are synthesized and show the outstanding electrochemical properties in both supercapacitor and catalytic hydrogen production. The specific area capacitance reaches 17.04 F cm−2, which is more than ten times higher than that of FeOOH/Zn(OH)2 (FZ) substrate: 1.58 F cm−2). FZC nanocomposites also exhibit the excellent cycling stability with an initial capacity retention rate of 93.6% after 10 000 long‐term cycles. The electrolytic cell (FZC//FZC) assembled with FZC as both anode and cathode in the UOR (urea oxidation reaction)|| HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) coupled system requires a cell voltage of only 1.453 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Especially, the electrochemical performances of FZC nanocomposites are enhanced in magnetic field, and the mechanism is proposed based on Stern double layer model at electrode–electrolyte interface (EEI). More electrolyte ions reach the surface of FZC electrode material under Kelvin force, moreover, the warburg impedance of FZC nanocomposites decrease under magnetic field action, which results in the enhanced behaviors for both the energy storage and urea oxidation reaction .
Multienzyme‐Like Nanozyme Encapsulated Ocular Microneedles for Keratitis Treatment
Authors: Liu Shen , Bai Qiang , Jiang Yujie , Gao Yonghui , Chen Zhen , Shang Limin , Zhang Siying , Yu Linrong , Yang Dongqin , Sui Ning , Zhu Zhiling
Published: December 2023

Keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea caused by bacterial or fungal infections, is one of the leading causes of severe visual disability and blindness. Keratitis treatment requires both the prevention of infection and the reduction of inflammation. However, owing to their limited therapeutic functions, in addition to the ocular barrier, existing conventional medications are characterized by poor efficacy and low bioavailability, requiring high dosages or frequent topical treatment, which represents a burden on patients and increases the risk of side effects. In this study, manganese oxide nanocluster‐decorated graphdiyne nanosheets (MnOx/GDY) are developed as multienzyme‐like nanozymes for the treatment of infectious keratitis and loaded into hyaluronic acid and polymethyl methacrylate‐based ocular microneedles (MGMN). MGMN not only exhibits antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects owing to its multienzyme‐like activities, including oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase mimics but also crosses the ocular barrier and shows increased bioavailability via the microneedle system. Moreover, MGMN is demonstrated to eliminate pathogens, prevent biofilm formation, reduce inflammation, alleviate ocular hypoxia, and promote the repair of corneal epithelial damage in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments, thus providing a better therapeutic effect than commercial ophthalmic voriconazole, with no obvious microbial resistance or cytotoxicity.
Modulation of Electronic Synergy to Enhance the Intrinsic Activity of Fe5Ni4S8 Nanosheets in Restricted Space Carbonized Wood Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zheng Luosong , Zhong Yuxin , Cao Jianjie , Liu Mengqi , Liao Yu , Xu Han , Chen Sha , Xiong Fuquan , Qing Yan , Wu Yiqiang
Published: December 2023

Modulation of electronic structure and composition is widely recognized as an effective strategy to improve electrocatalyst performance. Herein, using a simple simultaneous carbonization and sulfidation strategy, NiFe double hydroxide‐derived Fe5Ni4S8 (FNS) nanosheets immobilized on S‐doped carbonized wood (SCW) framework by taking benefit of the orientation‐constrained cavity and hierarchical porous structure of wood is proposed. Benefiting from the synergistic relationships between bimetal ions, the spatial confinement offered by the wood cavity, and the enhanced structural effects of the nanosheets array, the FNS/SCW exhibit enhanced intrinsic activity, increased accessibility of catalytically active sites, and convection‐facilitated mass transport, resulting in an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and durability. Specifically, it takes a low overpotential of 230 mV at 50 mA cm−2 and potential increase is negligible (3.8%) at 50 mA cm−2 for 80 hours. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the synergistic effect of bimetal can optimize the electronic structure and lower the reaction energy barrier. The FNS/SCW used as the cathode of zinc‐air battery shows higher power density and excellent durability relative to commercial RuO2, exhibiting a good application prospect. Overall, this research offers proposals for designing and producing effective OER electrocatalysts using sustainable resources.
Modulated Electronic Structure of Co3O4 by Single Atoms for Efficient Anodic Oxygen Evolution in Acid
Authors: Yang Jieyu , Xu Fenghua , Zhao Wenli , Liu Luqiong , Weng Baicheng
Published: December 2023

The challenge of the practical application of a water electrolyzer system lies in the development of low‐manufacturing cost, highly active, and stable electrocatalysts to replace the noble metal ones, in order to enable environmentally friendly hydrogen production on a large scale. Herein, a facile method is proposed for boosting the performance of Co3O4 through the incorporation of large‐sized single atoms. Due to the larger ionic radius of rare earth metals than that of Co, the incorporation elongates the bond length of Co─O, resulting in the narrowed d‐p band centers and the high spin configuration, which is favorable for the interaction and charge transfer with absorbent (*OH). As a result, the Ce‐incorporated Co3O4 with the longest Co─O bond length exhibits the best oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, specifically, the turnover frequency is over 17 times higher than that of pristine Co3O4 nanosheet under an overpotential of 400 mV. Powered by a commercial Si solar cell, a two‐electrode solar water‐splitting device combining Ce‐incorporated Co3O4 and Pt delivers a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 13.53%. The strategy could provide a new insight for improving the performance of OER electrocatalysts in acid toward practical applications.
A Pt1Pd Single‐Atom Alloy Nanozyme with Boosted Enzyme‐Like Activity for Efficient Photo‐Mediated Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Shanshan , Xu Bolong , Yang Haokun , Zhang Chong , Chen Jiali , Liu Shuang , Huang Zhijun , Liu Huiyu
Published: December 2023

Single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are emerging natural enzyme mimics and have attracted much attention in the biomedical field. SAzymes with Metal─Nx sites designed on carbon matrixes are currently the mainstream in research. It is of great significance to further expand the types of SAzymes to enrich the nanozyme library. Single‐atom alloys (SAAs) are a material in which single‐atom metal sites are dispersed onto another active metal matrix, and currently, there is limited research on their enzyme‐like catalytic performance. In this work, a biodegradable Pt1Pd SAA is fabricated via a simple galvanic replacement strategy, and for the first time reveals its intrinsic enzyme‐like catalytic performance including catalase‐, oxidase‐, and peroxidase‐like activities, as well as its photodynamic effect. Experimental characterizations demonstrate that the introduction of single‐atom Pt sites contributes to enhancing the affinity of Pt1Pd single‐atom alloy nanozyme (SAAzyme) toward substrates, thus exhibiting boosted catalytic efficiency. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Pt1Pd SAAzyme exhibits a photo‐controlled therapeutic effect, with a tumor inhibition rate of up to 100%. This work provides vital guidance for opening the research direction of SAAs in enzyme‐like catalysis.
Phase‐Dependent Phonon Heat Transport in Nanoscale Gallium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Xiao Xinglin , Mao Yali , Meng Biwei , Ma Guoliang , Hušeková Kristína , Egyenes Fridrich , Rosová Alica , Dobročka Edmund , Eliáš Peter , Ťapajna Milan , Gucmann Filip , Yuan Chao
Published: December 2023

Different phases of Ga2O3have been regarded as superior platforms for making new‐generation high‐performance electronic devices. However, understanding of thermal transport in different phases of nanoscale Ga2O3thin‐films remains challenging, owing to the lack of phonon transport models and systematic experimental investigations. Here, thermal conductivity (TC) and thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of theα‐,β‐, and (001)κ‐Ga2O3thin films on sapphire are investigated. At ≈80 nm, the measured TC ofα(8.8 W m−1K−1) is ≈1.8 times and ≈3.0 times larger than that ofβandκ, respectively, consistent with model based on density functional theory (DFT), whereas the model reveals a similar TC for the bulkα‐andβ‐Ga2O3. The observed phase‐ and size‐dependence of TC is discussed thoroughly with phonon transport properties such as phonon mean free path and group velocity. The measured TBC at Ga2O3/sapphire interface is analyzed with diffuse mismatch model using DFT‐derived full phonon dispersion relation. Phonon spectral distribution of density of states, transmission coefficients, and group velocity are studied to understand the phase‐dependence of TBC. This study provides insight into the fundamental phonon transport mechanism in Ga2O3thin films and paves the way for improved thermal management of high‐power Ga2O3‐based devices.
An ecology‐oriented convergence evolution analysis method of crossover service ecosystems
Authors: Qiao Yu , Wang Jian , Liu Zhengli , Tang Wei , Lu Xiangfei , Li Bing
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of crossover cooperation and convergence among services has gained increasing attention in the modern service industry. Service boundaries have been expansively stretched into other domains rather than limited to their original domains to achieve value creation, fostering the emergence of crossover services. Consequently, a complex service ecosystem takes shape. However, there is a lack of the convergence‐evolution mechanism of crossover services for the adaptive transformation of service providers' businesses in this context. To address this problem, this paper proposes population‐based and community‐based convergence‐evolution patterns from the ecological perspective. Based on the analysis of these evolution patterns and the driven force of service evolution, we propose an ecology‐oriented evolution analysis method. Furthermore, we devise an automated tool to support the evolution design of crossover service ecosystems. Case studies and evaluation experiments show the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method and the corresponding tool.
Flame‐Retardant Nonaqueous Electrolytes for High‐Safety Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Nie Luanjie , Chu Xiaokang , Chen Hang , Chen Ran , Huang Taixin , Lai Qingxue , Zheng Jing
Published: December 2023

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) with conventional organic‐based flammable electrolytes suffer from serious safety issues with a high risk of ignition and burning especially under harsh conditions, which significantly limits their widespread applications. Flame‐retardant electrolytes (FREs) are considered as one of the most effective strategies to address these safety issues. Therefore, it's much necessary to summarize the challenges, recent progress, and design principles of flame‐retardant nonaqueous electrolytes for PIBs to guide their development and future applications. In this review, an in‐depth introduction and explanation of the origins of electrolyte flammability are first presented. Particularly, the state‐of‐the‐art design principles of FREs for PIBs are extensively summarized and emphasized, including the electrolyte flame‐retardant solvents/additives, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs), localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs), ionic liquids‐based electrolytes and solid‐state electrolytes. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of each approach are systematically presented and discussed, following by proposed perspectives to guide the rational development of next‐generation high‐safety PIBs for practical applications.
Neural network‐based models versus empirical models for the prediction of axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐reinforced circular concrete columns
Authors: Ali Shehroze , Ahmad Junaid , Iqbal Umair , Khan Suliman , Hadi Muhammad N. S.
Published: December 2023

This study presents new neural‐network (NN)‐based models to predict the axial load‐carrying capacities of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bar reinforced‐concrete (RC) circular columns. A database of FRP‐reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns having outside diameter and height ranged between 160–305 and 640–2500 mm, respectively was established from the literature. The axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐RC columns were first predicted using the empirical models developed in the literature and then predicted using deep neural‐network (DNN) and convolutional neural‐network (CNN)‐based models. The developed DNN and CNN models were calibrated using various neurons integrated in the hidden layers for the accurate predictions. Based on the results, the proposed DNN and CNN models accurately predicted the axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐RC circular columns with R2 = 0.943 and R2 = 0.936, respectively. Further, a comparative analysis showed that the proposed DNN and CNN models are more accurate than the empirical models with 52% and 42% reduction in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively involved in the empirical models. Moreover, within NN‐based prediction models, the prediction accuracy of DNN model is comparatively higher than the CNN model due to the integration of neurons in each layer (9‐64‐64‐64‐64‐1) and embedded rectified linear unit (ReLu) activation function. Overall, the proposed DNN and CNN models can be utilized as paramount in the future studies.
Intervention with impact: Reduced isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs following the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing legislation in Germany
Authors: Loeffler Anette , Beever Lee , Chang Yu‐Mei , Klein Babette , Kostka Veit , Meyer Cornelia , Müller Elisabeth , Weis Jessica , Wildermuth Brett , Fishwick John , Lloyd David H.
Published: December 2023

Background

Legislation was introduced in Germany in 2018, requiring bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before the prescription of fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins to dogs. We hypothesised that, following this intervention, the number of clinical samples testing positive for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) would reduce.

Methods

Reports of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine clinical samples by three German veterinary diagnostic microbiology laboratories during the 38 months before the introduction of the legislation and the 46 months after were compared. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed recognised recommendations but with changes during the study period.

Results

Among a total of 120,571 S. pseudintermedius isolates, MRSP accounted for 7.1% overall. Following the legislative intervention, monthly submissions yielding S. pseudintermedius increased at all three laboratories. The MRSP percentage was lower in the period after the intervention in two of the three laboratories (p < 0.001); in the third laboratory, there was no change between periods, but a year‐on‐year reduction in MRSP percentages occurred after the intervention (p = 0.0004).

Limitations

Changing susceptibility testing methods limited the direct comparison of resistance patterns among laboratories.

Conclusion

The reduction in MRSP in canine clinical samples following the introduction of this legislation suggests a positive impact of compulsory laboratory testing on reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Optimal design of a modular axial‐flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generator for gearless wind turbine applications
Authors: Ashrafzadeh Seyed Ataollah , Ghadimi Ali Asghar , Jabbari Ali , Miveh Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2023

Air‐cored axial‐flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generators (AFPMSGs) are potential candidates for gearless direct‐coupled wind turbines (DCWTs) owing to providing high efficiency and power density. The design of a DCWT generator is so complicated since the generator cost, dimension, and weight affected by gear elimination. Therefore, it is essential to find an optimal AFPMSG design at rated conditions. In this paper, an accurate procedure for the optimal design of an air‐cored AFPMSG applicable for DCWTs is proposed. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used for multi‐objective design optimization to reach the optimal configuration as well as system dimension in order to decrease the weight, increase the power density and enhance the effectiveness of the generator. To validate the efficiency of the suggested optimization proceducer, a 30 kW AFPMSG has been considered as a case study. The results of optimization have been investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). A prototype generator is also fabricated, and the test results are offered and compared with the numerical study. The outcomes show that there exists an acceptable agreement between FEA and experimental outcomes with the error percentage about of 1.35%.
Contribution of hybridization between polar bears and grizzly bears to polar bear extinction
Authors: Shafer Craig L.
Published: December 2023

This review explores whether recent hybridization events between polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) will eventually contribute to the extinction of the modern polar bear. In April 2006, genetic analysis of an odd‐looking bear killed in the Northwest Territories, Canada, revealed this specimen to be a polar bear–grizzly bear hybrid, and additional hybrid bears were harvested beginning in April 2010. These events have been sensationalized by some in the media, who have speculated that the modern polar bear may become extinct due to crossbreeding with grizzly bears. Although studies support the introgression of brown bear genes into the polar bear genome during the Pleistocene, no evidence supports the occurrence of a similar event today. Even if such an introgression event occurred, hybrids evolving rapidly enough to adapt to ongoing sea ice depletion is not scientifically plausible. The loss of genetic integrity and modified morphology due to inbreeding between polar bears and grizzly bears are not considered threats to polar bear survival. As many scientists have stressed for decades, the greatest threat to the survival of the modern polar bear is sea ice depletion due to climate change.
Intelligent computing technique to study heat and mass transport of Casson nanofluidic flow model on a nonlinear slanted extending sheet
Authors: Hussain Saddiqa , Islam Saeed , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This paper explains the importance and benefits of using AI in fluid mechanics, emphasizing its capability of finding the solution of fluid flow systems through iterative optimization techniques. It explores how AI can enhance the understanding of fluid dynamics to improve engineering processes. In the presented studies, the heat and mass transport of the Casson nanofluidic flow model on a nonlinear slanted extending sheet (HMT‐CNFM) via AI‐based Levenberg Marquard methodology with backpropagated trained neural networks (TNN‐BLMM) is studied. By applying an appropriate transformation, the governing PDEs representing HMT‐CNFM are converted into a system of nonlinear ODEs. The dataset for Levenberg Marquard methodology with backpropagated trained neural network (TNN‐BLMM) for all six scenarios of this proposed model via computational power of the Lobatto IIIA scheme using the “bvp4c” package in MATLAB and then graphically illustrate all these six scenarios through nftool to attain mean square error, regression, error histogram, performance, and fit curve. Training, testing, and validation processes of NN‐BLMM are organized for the investigation of the HMT‐CNFM model.
On Krylov complexity in open systems: an approach via bi-Lanczos algorithm
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Nandy Pratik , Nath Pingal Pratyush , Sahu Himanshu
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Continuing the previous initiatives [1, 2], we pursue the exploration of operator growth and Krylov complexity in dissipative open quantum systems. In this paper, we resort to the bi-Lanczos algorithm generating two bi-orthogonal Krylov spaces, which individually generate non-orthogonal subspaces. Unlike the previously studied Arnoldi iteration, this algorithm renders the Lindbladian into a purely tridiagonal form, thus opening up a possibility to study a wide class of dissipative integrable and non-integrable systems by computing Krylov complexity at late times. Our study relies on two specific systems, the dissipative transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) and the dissipative interacting XXZ chain. We find that, for the weak coupling, initial Lanczos coefficients can efficiently distinguish integrable and chaotic evolution before the dissipative effect sets in, which results in more fluctuations in higher Lanczos coefficients. This results in the equal saturation of late-time complexity for both integrable and chaotic cases, making the notion of late-time chaos dubious.
Singularities in 2D and 3D quantum black holes
Authors: Kolanowski Maciej , Tomašević Marija
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study black holes in two and three dimensions that have spacelike curvature singularities behind horizons. The 2D solutions are obtained by dimensionally reducing certain 3D black holes, known as quantum BTZ solutions. Furthermore, we identify the corresponding dilaton potential and show how it can arise from a higher-dimensional theory. Finally, we show that the rotating BTZ black hole develops a singular inner horizon once quantum effects are properly accounted for, thereby solidifying strong cosmic censorship for all known cases.
(Inner-Product) Functional Encryption with Updatable Ciphertexts
Authors: Cini Valerio , Ramacher Sebastian , Slamanig Daniel , Striecks Christoph , Tairi Erkan
Published: December 2023

We propose a novel variant of functional encryption which supports ciphertext updates, dubbed ciphertext-updatable functional encryption. Such a feature further broadens the practical applicability of the functional encryption paradigm and allows for fine-grained access control even after a ciphertext is generated. Updating ciphertexts is carried out via so-called update tokens which a dedicated party can use to convert ciphertexts. However, allowing update tokens requires some care for the security definition. Our contribution is threefold:

We define our new primitive with a security notion in the indistinguishability setting. Within CUFE, functional decryption keysandciphertexts are labeled with tags such that only if the tags of the decryption key and the ciphertext match, then decryption succeeds. Furthermore, we allow ciphertexts to switch their tags to any other tag via update tokens. Such tokens are generated by the holder of the main secret key and can only be used in the desired direction.

We present a generic construction of CUFE for any functionality as well as predicates different from equality testing on tags which relies on the existence of indistinguishability obfuscation (iO).

We present a practical construction of CUFE for the inner-product functionality from standard assumptions (i.e., LWE) in the random-oracle model. On the technical level, we build on the recent functional encryption schemes with fine-grained access control and linear operations on encrypted data (Abdalla et al., AC’20) and introduce an additional ciphertext updatability feature. Proving security for such a construction turned out to be non-trivial, particularly when revealing keys for the updated challenge ciphertext is allowed. Overall, such construction enriches the set of known inner-product functional encryption schemes with the additional updatability feature of ciphertexts.
Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for Mediterranean and warm temperate fruit and leaf crops
Authors: Pereira Luis S. , Paredes Paula , Oliveira Cristina M. , Montoya Francisco , López-Urrea Ramón , Salman Maher
Published: December 2023

This paper reviews the research on the FAO56 single and basal crop coefficients of fruit trees and vines performed over the past twenty-five years and focus on Mediterranean and warm temperate trees and vines. Two companion papers (López-Urrea et al., (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for temperate climate fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted); Paredes et al. (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for tropical and subtropical fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted)) are dedicated, respectively, to Temperate and to Tropical and Subtropical trees and vines. The main objective of the paper is to update available information on single (Kc) and basal (Kcb) standard crop coefficients, and to provide for updating and completing the FAO56 tabulated Kc and Kcb. The Kc is the ratio between non-stressed crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo), while Kcb is the ratio between crop transpiration (Tc) and ETo. The selection and analysis of the literature were performed considering only studies that adhere to the FAO56 method, thus computing ETo with the FAO Penman–Monteith ETo equation, the ASCE grass ETo, or another equation that could be properly related with the former, and ETc, or Tc, was obtained using properly accurate field measurements on crops under pristine or eustress conditions. The crops considered refer to Mediterranean (grapes and olive) and warm temperate areas (avocado, citrus, persimmon, loquat, and tea) fruit and leaf crops. Papers satisfying the above conditions were selected to provide for standard Kc and Kcb data. Preferably, studies should report on the crop cultivar and rootstock, planting density or plant spacing, fraction of ground cover (fc), crop height (h), crop age and training systems. Additional information was collected on pruning and irrigation method and strategy. The ranges of reported Kc and Kcb values were grouped according to crop density in relation with fc, h, and the training system, namely vase, hedgerow, or trellis systems. Literature collected Kc or Kcb values were compared with previously tabulated Kc and Kcb values, namely in FAO56, to define the standard Kc and Kcb values for the referred selected crops. The tabulated values are, therefore, transferable to other locations and aimed for use in crop water requirement computations and modeling, mainly for irrigation planning and scheduling, and for supporting improved water use and saving in orchards and vineyards.
Consistent routing for local same-day delivery via micro-hubs
Authors: Ackva Charlotte , Ulmer Marlin W.
Published: December 2023

An increasing number of local shops offer same-day delivery in order to compete with the online giants. However, the distribution of parcels from individual shops to customers reduces the rare consolidation opportunities in the last mile even further. Thus, shops start collaborating on urban same-day delivery by using shared vehicles and micro-depots for consolidated transportation of parcels. At this, many stakeholders (storekeepers, drivers, and customers) need to be coordinated. Consistent routes between micro-hubs simplify the distribution process and increase reliability for all stakeholders involved. The shared vehicles thus conduct consistent daily routes between micro-hubs in the city, serving as transshipment and consolidation centres. This allows stores to bring orders to the next micro-hub, where the parcel is picked up by a vehicle and delivered to the micro-hub closest to its destination—if it is feasible with respect to the vehicle’s consistent daily schedule. Creating effective schedules is therefore very important. The difficulty of finding an effective consistent route is amplified by the daily uncertainty in order placements. We model the problem as a two-stage stochastic program. While the first stage determines the vehicle schedules, the second stage optimises the flow of realised orders. The goal is to satisfy as many orders per day as possible with the shared vehicles. We propose a time-expanded network formulation of the problem which is solved to optimality using commercial MIP-software. We assess our model against a non-consistent upper bound and a practically-inspired heuristic to evaluate the cost of consistency and the consolidation of goods. We analyse the performance of our method for a variety of instance settings. We observe that collaborative delivery via micro-hubs is worthwhile for delivery time promises of two hours or more. Noticeably, for these service promises, the costs of consistency are surprisingly low.
Impact of laparoscopic versus open surgery on humoral immunity in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bohne A. , Grundler E. , Knüttel H. , Völkel V. , Fürst A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) is hypothesized to result in milder proinflammatory reactions due to less severe operative trauma, which may contribute to the observed clinical benefits after LS. However, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the impact of LS on immunocompetence are outdated, limited and heterogeneous. Therefore, the humoral response after laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer (CRC) resections was evaluated in a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) measuring parameters of humoral immunity after LS compared to open surgery (OS) in adult patients with CRC of any stage. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP (World Health Organization) were systematically searched. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. Weighted inverse variance meta-analysis of mean differences was performed for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using the random-effects method. Methods were prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021264324).

Results

Twenty RCTs with 1131 participants were included. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis up to 8 days after surgery was performed. Quantitative synthesis found concentrations to be significantly lower after LS at 0–2 h after surgery (IL-8), at 3–9 h (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and at postoperative day 1 (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF). At 3–9 h, IL-6 was notably lower in the LS group by 86.71 pg/ml (mean difference [MD] − 86.71 pg/ml [− 125.05, − 48.37], p < 0.00001). Combined narratively, 13 studies reported significantly lower concentrations of considered parameters in LS patients, whereas only one study reported lower inflammatory markers (for CRP and IL-6) after OS.

Conclusion

The increase in postoperative concentrations of several proinflammatory parameters was significantly less pronounced after LS than after OS in this meta-analysis. Overall, the summarized evidence reinforces the view of a lower induction of inflammation due to LS.
Aktuelle Forschung im Bereich der Digitalisierung des konventionellen Tunnelbaus
Authors: Galler Robert , Huemer Christian , Bednar Thomas , Huymajer Marco , Wenighofer Robert , Paskaleva Galina , Steiner Bernhard , Melnyk Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

Die digitale Transformation hat enorme Auswirkungen auf viele Wirtschaftszweige. In jüngster Zeit hat sie in der Bauwirtschaft und insbesondere im Tunnelbau an Fahrt aufgenommen. Dieser Artikel erläutert mit der digitalen Transformation des Tunnelbaus verbundene Herausforderungen und wie sie mit einem aktuellen Forschungsprojekt begegnet werden. Das Projekt ist ein interuniversitäres und interdisziplinäres Vorhaben mit dem Ziel, die Digitalisierung im Tunnelbau voranzutreiben. Der Beitrag erörtert das Thema anhand verschiedener Anwendungsfälle, die Lösungen für die aktuellen Herausforderungen aufzeigen.