bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Mechanism of Estrogen Regulating Endometrial
Fibrosis After Mechanical Injury Via MIR-21-5P/PPARΑ/FAO Axis
Authors: Ding Shuning , Hu Yunyun , Mao Peiyu , Lin Qiu , Yao Zhitao
Published: April 2023

Background:

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) caused by endometrial mechanical
injury has been found as a substantial risk factor for female infertility (e.g., induced
abortion). Estrogen is a classic drug for the repair of endometrial injury, but its action
mechanism in the clinical application of endometrial fibrosis is still unclear.

Objective:

To explore the specific action mechanism of estrogen treatment on IUA.

Methods:

The IUA model in vivo and the isolated endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)
model in vitro were built. Then CCK8 assay, Real-Time PCR, Western Blot and Dual-
Luciferase Reporter Gene assay were applied to determine the targeting action of
estrogen on ESCs.

Results:

It was found that 17β-estradiol inhibited fibrosis of ESCs by down-regulating
miR-21-5p level and activating PPARα signaling. Mechanistically, miR-21-5p
significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of 17β-estradiol on fibrotic ESCs (ESCs-F) and
its maker protein (e.g., α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin), where targeting to PPARα 3’-
UTR and blocked its activation and transcription, thus lowering expressions of fatty acid
oxidation (FAO) associated key enzyme, provoking fatty accumulation and reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in endometrial fibrosis. Nevertheless, the
PPARα agonist caffeic acid counteracted the facilitation action of miR-21-5p on ESCs-F,
which is consistent with the efficacy of estrogen intervention.

Conclusion:

In brief, the above findings revealed that the miR-21-5p/PPARα signal axis
played an important role in the fibrosis of endometrial mechanical injury and suggested
that estrogen might be a promising agent for its progression.
IL1R2 is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ma Danyu , Gong Yile , Wang Fan , Wu Jingping , Wu Chen
Published: April 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study is to figure out the role of IL1R2 in LUAD (lung
adenocarcinoma).

Background:

IL1R2, a special member of IL-1 receptor family, binds to IL-1 and plays
an important role in inhibiting IL-1 pathway, which seems to be involved in
tumorigenesis. Emerging studies demonstrated higher IL1R2 expression levels in
several malignancies.

Objective:

In the present study, we assessed the expression of IL1R2 in LUAD tissues
with immunohistochemistry and explored various databases to determine whether it
could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Methods:

The expression level of IL1R2 in lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed by
Immunohistochemistry and UALCAN database. The correlation between IL1R2
expression and the patient prognosis was identified by Kaplan-Meier plotter. The
correlation of IL1R2 expression with immune infiltrates was clarified by TIMER database.
The protein-protein interaction network and gene functional enrichment analysis were
constructed and performed by STRING and Metascape database.

Results:

Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of IL1R2 was higher in
tumor tissues of LUAD patients and that patients with lower IL1R2 level have a better
prognosis than their counterparts. We validated our findings in several online databases
and found that IL1R2 gene was also positively correlated with B cells and neutrophils
and biomarkers of CD8+T cells and exhausted T cells. PPI network and gene enrichment
analyses showed that expression of IL1R2 was also associated with complex functionspecific
networks involving IL-1 signal, NF-KappaB transcription factors.

Conclusion:

According to these findings, we demonstrated that IL1R2 was involved in
the progression and prognosis of LUAD and the underlying mechanism needs further
investigation.
Adenovirus 36 Coinfection in People Living with HIV and its Impact on
Lipohypertrophy
Authors: Schuelter-Trevisol Fabiana Armando , Gonçalves e Silva Helena Caetano , da Silva Jaime Fernandes , Cancelier Ana Carolina Lobor , Trevisol Daisson José , Sakae Thiago Armando Mamôru , Atkinson Richard L.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Previous studies have implicated human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) as a potential
contributor to overweight and obesity. People living with HIV have an altered body composition
compared to healthy individuals. There is still no evidence to confirm the relationship of Adv36
as one of the causes of lipohypertrophy. The main objective of this study was to verify the viral
Adv36 infection as a factor associated with the presence of lipohypertrophy in HIV-infected individuals.

Methods:

A case-control study on people with HIV treated at a specialized public health service in
southern Brazil. Subjects underwent interviews, diagnostic tests, and anthropometry to determine
lipodystrophy and its classification. Demographic and clinical data were examined to investigate
the presence of Adv36. The cases were participants with lipohypertrophy, and the controls were
eutrophic participants.

Results:

101 participants were included (38 cases and 63 controls), and the frequency of Adv36
infection was 10.9%. There was a statistically significant association between lipohypertrophy and
the female sex (p < 0.001), and a trend for the presence of Adv36 (p = 0.059) and lipohypertrophy.
After adjustment for confounders, Adv36 has not considered an independent risk factor for lipohypertrophy.
Lower levels of glucose were associated with Adv36 infection.

Conclusion:

There was a significant association between lipohypertrophy and the female sex, and
no association with lipohypertrophy and Adv36, perhaps due to the small sample size.
Perceptions and Experiences of Midwives During the COVID-19 Pandemic
in Iran: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Manouchehri Elham , Alirezaei Somayeh , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad
Published: April 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic affected both the maternity care and services provided by healthcare providers. Midwives are among the health professionals who are fighting on the
frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore Iranian midwives' perceptions and experiences of the COVID19 pandemic.

Methods:

This qualitative description was carried out between March and May 2020 in Mashhad,
Northeast Iran. Through purposive sampling, 15 midwives were selected from Corona Centers. Semistructured face-to-face interviews were used for data collection. Graneheim & Lundman's conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The data organization was performed using
MAXQDA 12 software. Guba and Lincoln's elements of rigor, including credibility, dependability,
confirmability, and transferability were considered

Results:

Four overarching categories emerged based on the analysis of midwives' perceptions and experiences including "Facing challenges in confrontation with pregnant women", "Inefficiency of crisis
management", "providing solutions and strategies to improve the current situation ", and "being affected by the pandemic in all aspects of life".

Conclusion:

Midwives faced different challenges since all aspects of pregnancy and childbirth care
were influenced by the COVID-19 outbreak. Like other medical staff, midwives were on the frontline
of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it made problems for their personal feelings and
professional responsibilities. Comprehensive support, promoting working status, and motivating midwives are vital in maintaining high-quality midwifery care.
A Case Report of Cefixime, Paracetamol, and Nimesulide Induced Toxic
Epidermal Necrolysis in a Woman with Dengue Infection without any
Other Associated Comorbidities
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Maurya Miteshkumar
Published: April 2023

Background:

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, acute, and life-threatening
mucocutaneous disease that occurs after the administration of certain drugs, resulting in extensive
keratinocyte cell death, skin involvement at the dermal-epidermal junction, and extensive bullous
skin eruptions and sloughing. Many published case reports have observed the presence of fever
with a viral infection, drug, and/or genetic association as a possible trigger for TEN but associated
with other comorbidities. Physicians still struggle to predict which individuals could be predisposed
to TEN. The case report that we present had a history of multiple drug intake and fever due
to dengue virus infection but was not associated with any other comorbidity.

Case Presentation:

We present an unusual case of a 32-year-old woman of Western Indian origin
who had developed dengue infection and suffered toxic epidermal necrolysis following a five-day
course of a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, cefixime and a three-day course of 2 analgesic
drugs, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and nimesulide, with the adverse event occurring on the
fifth day of the dengue infection. The offending drugs were stopped, and patient survived with
supportive management and hydration.

Conclusion:

The presence of comorbidities may not always be the triggering factor for TEN,
though it can affect patient outcomes. Rational drug use is always recommended for patient care.
Further research is required to understand the pathomechanism behind the viral-drug-gene interaction.
Differential Expression of microRNAs and Target Genes Analysis in Olfactory
Ensheathing Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Versus Olfactory
Ensheathing Cells
Authors: Yang Yubing , Li Jiaxi , Liu Weidong , Guo Dong , Gao Zhengchao , Zhao Yingjie , Zhao Minchao , He Xijing , Chang Su’e
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are important transplantable cells for the
treatment of spinal cord injury. However, information on the mechanism of OEC-derived extracellular
vesicles (EVs) in nerve repair is scarce.

Methods:

We cultured OECs and extracted the OEC-derived EVs, which were identified using a transmission
electron microscope, nanoparticle flow cytometry, and western blotting. High throughput RNA
sequencing of OECs and OEC-EVs was performed, and the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs)
(DERs) were analyzed by bioinformatics. The target genes of DERs were identified using miRWalk,
miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases. Gene ontology and KEGG mapper tools were
used to analyze the predicted target genes. Subsequently, the STRING database and Cytoscape software
platform were used to analyze and construct miRNA target genes' protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.

Results:

Overall, 206 miRNAs (105 upregulated and 101 downregulated) were differentially expressed in
OEC-EVs (p < 0.05;|log2 (fold change)|>2). Six DERs (rno-miR-7a-5p, rno-miR-143-3p, rno-miR-182,
rno-miR-214-3p, rno-miR-434-5p, rno-miR-543-3p) were significantly up-regulated , and a total of 974
miRNAs target genes were obtained. The target genes were mainly involved in biological processes such
as regulation of cell size, positive regulation of cellular catabolic process and small GTPase-mediated
signal transduction; positive regulation of genes involved in cellular components such as growth cone,
site of polarized growth, and distal axon; and molecular functions such as small GTPase binding and Ras
GTPase binding. In pathway analysis, target genes regulated by six DERs were mainly enriched in axon
guidance, endocytosis, and Ras and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G signaling pathways. Finally, 19
hub genes were identified via the PPI network.

Conclusion:

Our study provides a theoretical basis for treating nerve repair by OEC-derived EVs.
Diosgenin Glucoside Inhibits the Progression of Osteosarcoma MG-63 by Regulating
the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Ruan Siyuan , Gu Liuwei , Wang Yuqi , Huang Xincheng , Cao Hong
Published: April 2023

Background:

Trillium tschonoskii Maxim (TTM) exerts antitumor effects on a variety of tumour cells.
However, the antitumor mechanism of Diosgenin glucoside (DG) extracted from TTM is not clear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumour effects of DG-induced osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and their
molecular mechanism.

Methods:

CCK-8 assay, HE staining, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of DG on the proliferation,
apoptosis, and cell cycle of osteosarcoma cells. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were used to observe the
effect of DG on the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The anti-tumour mechanism of DG on osteosarcoma
cells was investigated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RT-PCR.

Results:

DG significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell activity and proliferation, promoted apoptosis and blocked the
G2 phase of the cell cycle. Both wound healing and Transwell invasion assays showed that DG inhibited osteosarcoma
cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemical and western blot results showed that DG inhibited the activation of
PI3K/AKT/mTOR. We found that DG also significantly downregulated the expression of S6K1 and eIF4F, which
might be associated with the inhibition of protein synthesis.

Conclusion:

DG may inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle G2 phase arrest of osteosarcoma MG-63
cells and promote apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
A Case of New-onset Autoimmune Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Following
COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Taşkaldıran Işılay , Nar Aslı
Published: April 2023

Background:

After COVID-19 infection, various mechanisms may initiate an increased risk
of developing DM. This study presented a newly developed autoimmune Type 1 DM (T1DM) case in
an adult patient after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Case Presentation:

A 48-year-old male patient presented with complaints of weight loss and blurred
vision. His blood sugar and HbA1c were measured as 557 mg/dl and 12.6%, respectively. His medical
records showed no known diagnosis of DM. He had a SARS-CoV-2 infection 4 weeks ago. Then, we
diagnosed DM and started basal-bolus insulin therapy. C-peptides and autoantibodies were requested
from the patient to explore the etiology of diabetes. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody was >
2000 U/mL (ref: 0-10); therefore, the patient was accepted as having autoimmune T1DM. New-onset
DM cases triggered by COVID-19 have increasingly been reported recently. SARS-CoV-2 virus, using
the ACE2 receptor in the pancreas, can enter beta cells and causes damage to these islets and impaired
insulin secretion, leading to acute diabetes mellitus. In addition, the abnormal immunity elicited by
SARS-CoV-2 can also induce autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells.

Conclusion:

T1DM may be an uncommon but possible complication due to the COVID-19 virus
among genetically predisposed individuals. Overall, the case highlights the importance of preventive
measures, such as vaccination, to protect against COVID-19 and its complications.
Effect of Mixture of Water Hyacinth Compost and Rice Husk Biochar on the Improvement of Alluvial Soil Properties and the Growth of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale L.)
Authors: Masulili Agusalim , Paiman Paiman
Published: April 2023

Background:

Alluvial is the potential soil for agricultural development. However, this soil can inhibit plant growth. One of the ways to improve the physical properties of this soil is through the application of soil amendments.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of a mixture of water hyacinth compost and rice husk biochar for improving alluvial soil properties and the growth of red ginger.

Methods:

This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The treatment consisted of a mixture of water hyacinth compost and rice husk biochar (volume ratio of 2:1), which consisted of six doses: 0, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 g polybag-1. Then, each replication consisted of three samples. As many as 72 polybags were needed in this study. The observed physical properties of the soil were the bulk density (BD) and the soil pore space. The plant growth parameters included plant height, leaf numbers, tiller numbers, and fresh weight.

Results:

The results showed that applying a mixture of water hyacinth compost and rice husk biochar at a dose of 120 g polybag-1 caused the lowest BD and the most pore space in the soil. However, a dose of 80 g polybag-1 can provide maximum plant height, leaf numbers, tiller numbers, and fresh weight.

Conclusion:

The study findings show that mixing water hyacinth compost and rice husk biochar at 80 g polybag-1 is the optimum dose to support the maximum red ginger growth. However, we recommend that future research is needed to investigate the causes of decreasing BD and increasing soil pores.
Determinants of High Marital Fertility in Malawi: Evidence from 2010 and 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Palamuleni Martin E
Published: April 2023

Background:

Although the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 5.7 in 2010 to 4.6 during 2015-16, fertility in Malawi remains high. The high fertility is responsible for the rapid population growth, which negatively impacts the social and economic development of the country. Available data show that nearly 90% of all births in the country occur among married women.

Objective:

The main objective of the study is to investigate the determinants of fertility among married women (marital fertility) in Malawi.

Method:

This study used data extracted from the 2010 and 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health surveys. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with fertility among married women.

Results:

The mean number of children born declined from 3.80 in 2010 to 3.44 in 2015. The background characteristics of the women were found to be accounted for the variation. Poisson regression analysis revealed that the age of respondent, place of residence, contraceptive use, age at first sex, age at marriage, age at birth, marriage duration, wanted last birth, ideal number of children, death of child and education were all factors significantly related to fertility.

Conclusion:

These significant factors should be the focus of programs that aim to further reduce fertility in Malawi.
Molecular Docking, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and
Pharmacological Evaluation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazole’s
Authors: Goel Tanvi , Bansode Deepali , Abdu Raihan Arikkattel , Dev Sanal
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Nitrogen containing heterocycles such as azoles have gained popularity in me-dicinal chemistry research due to their versatile pharmacological activities. Imidazole’s are one such class of adaptable compounds. The aim of the study was to explore pharmacological activities of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole’s and also to develop a novel method of synthesis using microwave chemistry.

Methods:

In the present study, the in-silico studies of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole’s was carried out to predict their anti-leishmanial as well as COX-2 inhibitory activity. Although, the results are not satisfacto-ry for the anti-leishmanial activity, the molecules showed comparable docking scores with standard celecoxib for the COX-2 inhibitory activity. Later, the microwave-assisted green synthesis of tri-substituted imidazole’s was attempted using green catalyst and solvent, molecular iodine and ethanol respectively. The synthesised derivatives (TG-1-4) were purified and characterised.

Results:

The derivatives were subjected to in-vitro COX-2 inhibitory assay, which showed good results. The molecules under study showed exemplary results against COX-2 PDB in molecular docking studies. A novel microwave-irradiation method was developed for the synthesis and also the in-vivo studies car-ried out for testing COX-2 inhibition was fruitful.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the selected derivatives can be further studied in-vivo to develop new COX-2 inhibitors.
“Design of Novel MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO as a Core-Shell Nano Catalyst: an
Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole Derivatives”
Authors: Shelke Yogita. R. , Bobade Vivek. D. , Tope Dipak. R. , Kushare Sachin. S. , Agashe Jyoti. A. , Borhade Ashok. V.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Catalysis has been widely applied in pharmaceutical companies in recent years. This paper reports a useful new approach for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles.

Objectives:

One-pot synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO as a novel-core-shell nanocatalyst which increases reaction rate, selectivity, ease of work-up and recyclability of the supports. Method: The present study deals with the synthesis of MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell catalyst using the sol-gel method.

Results:

The synthesized MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were analysed using XRD, TEM and BET surface area. The nanocatalyst had an average particle size of 20 nm by TEM images and BET Surface area of 58.93 m2/g.

Conclusion:

Novel MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles have been used as an effi-cient and recoverable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyranopyrazoles.
Succinimidium Perchlorate as a Novel and Efficient Brönsted Acidic Ionic
Liquid Promoter for the Synthesis of 5-arylidene Barbituric Acid and pyrano[2,3-d] Pyrimidinone Derivatives
Authors: Haghpanah-Kouchesfehani Sara , Azizi Zahra , Daneshvar Nader , Shirini Farhad , Tajik Hassan
Published: April 2023

Introduction::

In this article, succinimidinium perchlorate as a new acidic ionic liquid catalyst was prepared and used to synthesize 5-arylidene barbituric acid and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives.

Method::

These two derivatives of barbituric acid have a variety of useful properties.

Result::

The advantages of this reagent were high yields, high efficiency, short reaction times, easy performance, easy work-up and reusability.

Conclusion::

Succinimidinium perchlorate, which was made for the first time in this project, was identified with different methods, including FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques
Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Alshammary Amal F. , Al-Toub Mashael , Albukhari Talat Abdullah , Filimban Waheed A.
Published: April 2023

Surveillance against tumors is governed by both intrinsic (non-immune) and
extrinsic (immune) surveillance. While research on non-immune surveillance started as
early as the 1960s when it was demonstrated that cell environment within and around
can induce tumor-suppressing mechanisms, a major part of the progress is missing
compared to immune surveillance. Part of the reason could be due to the fact that
immune surveillance is seen to have more potential in therapeutic application in curing
cancerous tumors compared to non-immune surveillance mechanisms. Many of the
non-immune mechanisms are still under investigation as theories, although a few
studies have shown their possibility. Contrary to this, there is a plethora of studies on
immune surveillance. The immune system has been proven to have a role in the
surveillance against tumors, thus conferring a certain degree of protection. However,
not all tumor cells are successfully detected by innate immunity, and many of them
have developed strategic ways of escaping adaptive immunity. The
immunosurveillance in both animal models and humans shows overwhelmingly that
cells with immunodeficiencies are more susceptible to tumor development. However, it
is confounding that even immune-competent individuals develop tumors, and thus a
significant process is responsible. Thus, immunoediting was proposed as a theory to
explain why tumors can escape immunosurveillance. This chapter provides detailed
evidence from animal and human tumors and analyses the mechanisms, pathways, and
components implicated in tumor immune surveillance. The findings suggest that while
immune surveillance could be the key to promoting immune function against the
development of tumors, there is more research and understanding needed in the various
mechanisms and cells implicated. This is because most, if not all, of the therapeutic
studies using immune effectors have proved to be poor in preventing, treating, or
regulating the development of tumors.
An Introduction to Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto
Published: April 2023

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), have the property of absorbing ultraviolet rays, and are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetics such as sunscreens. They also have many bioactive properties that make them an attractive ingredient for pharmaceuticals and functional food.

This book summarizes information about the molecular structures, activities and applications of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). It aims to be an introductory book for undergraduate and graduate students in applied sciences, or as a handbook for researchers in pharmaceutical chemistry and cosmetics.

Key features

- 11 structured chapters covering the biochemistry of MAAs

- Introduces readers to biochemical and synthetic pathways of MAAs

- Presents information on many bioactive properties of MAAs including helioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-collagenase effects

- Simple, clear explanations for learners

- Academic and scholarly references for advanced readers

- Illustrated appendices
Verduras y frutas para todos: Enciclopedia didáctica y visual
Authors: Kobayashi Sadao , Kondo Takumasa , Rojas-Ramírez Diego Alejandro , Kobayashi Nana
Published: April 2023

Las verduras y frutas son indispensables para tener una vida sana. Esta obra incluye alrededor de 355 especies de algas, flores comestibles, frutas, frutos secos, granos, hongos, especias, hortalizas, plantas aromáticas, tubérculos y vegetales, entre otros, que se cultivan y se venden en Colombia y en el mundo. Este libro tiene tres propósitos: 1) educar y despertar el interés de todos los lectores por las verduras y las frutas, 2) incentivar el estudio de las ciencias biológicas, y 3) promover el cultivo de verduras, frutas y otros alimentos vegetales y fomentar su consumo. Su contenido es fácil de entender para los niños, jóvenes estudiantes y demás interesados. También contiene información más reciente y un glosario de términos técnicos. El libro esta ricamente ilustrado con más de 2.000 fotografías y hermosos dibujos que lo hacen atractivo para lectores de todas las edades. Por ejemplo, un niño de 3 años encontrará verduras y frutas familiares como zanahorias y manzanas. Por otro lado, los estudiantes pueden descubrir verduras, frutas y variedades desconocidas, y aprender datos interesantes sobre las características de las plantas según la familia botánica.
Artificial Intelligence Bias in Health Care: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Vorisek Carina Nina , Stellmach Caroline , Mayer Paula Josephine , Klopfenstein Sophie Anne Ines , Bures Dominik Martin , Diehl Anke , Henningsen Maike , Ritter Kerstin , Thun Sylvia
Published: April 2023

Background

Resources are increasingly spent on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for medical applications aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. While the need for transparency and reduction of bias in data and algorithm development has been addressed in past studies, little is known about the knowledge and perception of bias among AI developers.

Objective

This study’s objective was to survey AI specialists in health care to investigate developers’ perceptions of bias in AI algorithms for health care applications and their awareness and use of preventative measures.

Methods

A web-based survey was provided in both German and English language, comprising a maximum of 41 questions using branching logic within the REDCap web application. Only the results of participants with experience in the field of medical AI applications and complete questionnaires were included for analysis. Demographic data, technical expertise, and perceptions of fairness, as well as knowledge of biases in AI, were analyzed, and variations among gender, age, and work environment were assessed.

Results

A total of 151 AI specialists completed the web-based survey. The median age was 30 (IQR 26-39) years, and 67% (101/151) of respondents were male. One-third rated their AI development projects as fair (47/151, 31%) or moderately fair (51/151, 34%), 12% (18/151) reported their AI to be barely fair, and 1% (2/151) not fair at all. One participant identifying as diverse rated AI developments as barely fair, and among the 2 undefined gender participants, AI developments were rated as barely fair or moderately fair, respectively. Reasons for biases selected by respondents were lack of fair data (90/132, 68%), guidelines or recommendations (65/132, 49%), or knowledge (60/132, 45%). Half of the respondents worked with image data (83/151, 55%) from 1 center only (76/151, 50%), and 35% (53/151) worked with national data exclusively.

Conclusions

This study shows that the perception of biases in AI overall is moderately fair. Gender minorities did not once rate their AI development as fair or very fair. Therefore, further studies need to focus on minorities and women and their perceptions of AI. The results highlight the need to strengthen knowledge about bias in AI and provide guidelines on preventing biases in AI health care applications.
Evaluating Declines in Compliance With Ecological Momentary Assessment in Longitudinal Health Behavior Research: Analyses From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Tonkin Sarah , Gass Julie , Wray Jennifer , Maguin Eugene , Mahoney Martin , Colder Craig , Tiffany Stephen , Hawk Jr Larry W
Published: April 2023

Background

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is increasingly used to evaluate behavioral health processes over extended time periods. The validity of EMA for providing representative, real-world data with high temporal precision is threatened to the extent that EMA compliance drops over time.

Objective

This research builds on prior short-term studies by evaluating the time course of EMA compliance over 9 weeks and examines predictors of weekly compliance rates among cigarette-using adults.

Methods

A total of 257 daily cigarette-using adults participating in a randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation completed daily smartphone EMA assessments, including 1 scheduled morning assessment and 4 random assessments per day. Weekly EMA compliance was calculated and multilevel modeling assessed the rate of change in compliance over the 9-week assessment period. Participant and study characteristics were examined as predictors of overall compliance and changes in compliance rates over time.

Results

Compliance was higher for scheduled morning assessments (86%) than for random assessments (58%) at the beginning of the EMA period (P<.001). EMA compliance declined linearly across weeks, and the rate of decline was greater for morning assessments (2% per week) than for random assessments (1% per week; P<.001). Declines in compliance were stronger for younger participants (P<.001), participants who were employed full-time (P=.03), and participants who subsequently dropped out of the study (P<.001). Overall compliance was higher among White participants compared to Black or African American participants (P=.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that EMA compliance declines linearly but modestly across lengthy EMA protocols. In general, these data support the validity of EMA for tracking health behavior and hypothesized treatment mechanisms over the course of several months. Future work should target improving compliance among subgroups of participants and investigate the extent to which rapid declines in EMA compliance might prove useful for triggering interventions to prevent study dropout.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03262662; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03262662
The Effectiveness of Early Food Introduction in Preventing Childhood Allergic Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abang Abdullah Aisha Fadhilah , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Ab Ghani Rimah Melati , Maamor Nur Hasnah , Leman Fatin Norhasny , Too Chun Lai , Ismail Intan Hakimah , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Mohd Nazan Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq , Md Said Salmiah
Published: April 2023

Background

Allergic diseases affect around 40% of the pediatric population worldwide. The coexistence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy renders allergy treatment and prevention challenging. Infant feeding strategies recommend avoiding allergenic foods to prevent allergy development and anaphylaxis. However, recent evidence suggests that early consumption of food allergens during weaning in infants aged 4-6 months could result in food tolerance, thus reducing the risk of developing allergies.

Objective

The aim of this study is to systematically review and carry out a meta-analysis of evidence on the outcome of early food introduction for preventing childhood allergic diseases.

Methods

We will conduct a systematic review of interventions through a comprehensive search of various databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify potential studies. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from the earliest published articles up to the latest available studies in 2023. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs, non-RCTs, and other observational studies that assess the effect of early food introduction to prevent childhood allergic diseases.

Results

Primary outcomes will include measures related to the effect of childhood allergic diseases (ie, asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines will be followed for study selection. All data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form and the quality of the studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A summary of findings table will be generated for the following outcomes: (1) total number of allergic diseases, (2) rate of sensitization, (3) total number of adverse events, (4) improvement of health-related quality of life, and (5) all-cause mortality. Descriptive and meta-analyses will be performed using a random-effects model in Review Manager (Cochrane). Heterogeneity among selected studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic and explored through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Data collection is expected to start in June 2023.

Conclusions

The results acquired from this study will contribute to the existing literature and harmonize recommendations for infant feeding with regard to the prevention of childhood allergic diseases.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021256776; https://tinyurl.com/4j272y8a

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/46816
A Personalized, Transdiagnostic Smartphone Intervention (Mello) Targeting Repetitive Negative Thinking in Young People With Depression and Anxiety: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bell Imogen , Arnold Chelsea , Gilbertson Tamsyn , D’Alfonso Simon , Castagnini Emily , Chen Nicola , Nicholas Jennifer , O’Sullivan Shaunagh , Valentine Lee , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a key transdiagnostic mechanism underpinning depression and anxiety. Using “just-in-time adaptive interventions” via smartphones may disrupt RNT in real time, providing targeted and personalized intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical outcomes and mechanisms of Mello—a fully automated, personalized, transdiagnostic, and mechanistic smartphone intervention targeting RNT in young people with depression and anxiety.

METHODS

Participants with heightened depression, anxiety, and RNT were recruited via social media and randomized to receive Mello or a nonactive control over a 6-week intervention period. Assessments were completed via Zoom sessions at baseline and at 3 and 6 weeks after baseline.

RESULTS

The findings supported feasibility and acceptability, with high rates of recruitment (N=55), uptake (55/64, 86% of eligible participants), and retention (52/55, 95% at 6 weeks). Engagement was high, with 90% (26/29) and 59% (17/29) of the participants in the Mello condition still using the app during the third and sixth weeks, respectively. Greater reductions in depression (Cohen d=0.50), anxiety (Cohen d=0.61), and RNT (Cohen d=0.87) were observed for Mello users versus controls. Mediation analyses suggested that changes in depression and anxiety were accounted for by changes in RNT.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that mechanistic, targeted, and real-time technology-based solutions may provide scalable and effective interventions that advance the treatment of youth mental ill health.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001701819; http://tinyurl.com/4d3jfj9f
User Innovation In Pediatrics: Analysis To A Pool Of Solutions Developed By Patients And Informal Caregivers For Their Own Needs (Preprint)
Authors: Jacinto Maria João , Piedade Carolina , Oliveira Margarida , Oliveira Pedro , Canhão Helena
Published: April 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Although innovation in healthcare is still mainly seen with the emergence of new drugs, therapies, and medical devices by big pharma and MedTech companies, society continues to face concerns and unmet health needs that only users face in their daily life.
Our previous research has shown that users develop novel solutions, from simple adaptations and products to highly technological biomedical devices, and that these innovations significantly improve their quality of life. In this paper, we analyzed novel solutions developed by pediatric patients and their caregivers, published on the global award-winning ‘Patient Innovation’ platform (https://patient-innovation.com/). The focus was the innovator and the novel solution’s characterization, and the consequent entrepreneurship framework. Although the patients’ young profile, they are significant innovative creators (15%). Also, most innovators (57%) do not create a company to bring their solution to the market, probably due to the traditional pediatric innovation industry constrains complemented with the innovator’s main focus – personal patient wellbeing.
Другой Валиханов
Authors:   Аl-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), Uderbayeva Saule K.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The constellation of Kazakh public activists from the imperial period is distinguished by the outstanding scientist, traveler, and commissioned officer of the Russian Empire Chokan (Muhammed Qanafiya) Valikhanov. However, another Valikhanov — Gazi — was also substantially involved in important historical events of that period. One can trace quite a number of parallels between the two figures — family ties, tragic destinies. Still, due to some circumstances the latter’s name is not that widely known. Goals. The article aims to explore genealogical backgrounds, professional and personal life of the prominent Kazakh public figure — the most honored representative of the Horde, a regular officer of pre-revolutionary Russia’s army, General and Sultan Gazi Bulatovich Valikhanov. Materials and methods. Comparative insights into documentary sources and available historiography serve to consistently trace key milestones in the biography of Gazi Valikhanov, determine his role in the history of Kazakhstan, comprehend the events and circumstances that influenced the shaping of his personality and fate. Results. The amazing intertwining of Chokan Valikhanov and Gazi Valikhanov’s destinies has led to several historical inaccuracies and preconceived assumptions. But the examined materials attest to that assumptions about somewhat complicated, hostile relationships between the two Kazakh sultans have no serious grounds. In his lifetime Sultan Gazi Valikhanov did a lot: he built a brilliant military career and was simultaneously engaged in research activities as a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, attended the Amu Darya Expedition, was an initiator and co-founder of the Muslim Charitable Society in St. Petersburg, and also assisted some prominent educators and figures of that time, in particular, I. Gasprinsky. Gazi Valikhanov is a worthy ethnic Kazakh of the 19th–20th centuries. His name has been revived from oblivion. However, his life and results of sociopolitical, research activities need further investigation.
Опыт составления базы данных для просопографического портрета безвозвратных потерь в 1941–1945 гг. военнослужащих, призванных из одного региона (на примере Калмыцкой АССР)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Ochirov Utash B. , Vorobyova Valentina N.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The article discusses our experience of compiling a database of fatal casualties among Red Army soldiers and officers conscripted in the Kalmyk ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. The analysis of the database makes it possible to draw a collective portrait of that category of 1941–1945 war participants. Goals. The paper aims to analyze some experiences of compiling prosopography databases of 1941–1945 fatal casualties conscripted in one region, and specifically in the Kalmyk ASSR. Results. The study shows that mass sources characterized by homogeneity or similar properties provide ample opportunities for a quantitative approach in the historical study of the Great Patriotic War. When it comes to compile a database, one may face a significant number of errors and inaccuracies that had arisen initially and result from procedural (technical) features of information delivery. So, there is a need of certain qualified preparation for subsequent machine processing. Still, a properly compiled database of fatal casualties affords insights on a number of parameters and facilitates due prosopography.
Computer-simulation models of scoria cone degradation in the Colima and Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic fields, Mexico
Authors: Hooper Donald M.
Published: April 2023

Se reporta la aplicación de un modelo computacional de diferencias finitas para simular el proceso de erosión en conos de ceniza, empleando un algoritmo lineal o no lineal basado en la ecuación de difusión. Este modelo es aplicado a la determinación de edades para los conos más antiguos de los campos volcánicos de Michoacán-Guanajuato y de Colima, México. Se obtienen edades de 100,000 años para Michoacán-Guanajuato y de 250,000 años para Colima. El modelo tridimensional puede simular la evolución erosional del Volcán Telcampana, Colima. Se discuten posibles efectos de cambio climático en la historia erosional.doi: sin doi
Estimation of orbital velocities of internal waves of short period and large amplitudes
Authors: Filonov A. E. , Sabinin K. D.
Published: April 2023

Se expone un método para la determinación de la componente horizontal de la velocidad orbital de las ondas internas de gran amplitud desde una embarcación en movimiento. El método se fundamenta en el conocimiento de la respuesta en frecuencia del frenado de la embarcación y del análisis del registro en bitácora de la oscilación de la velocidad en el campo de las ondas internas. Se discuten datos obtenidos en la zona de unos bajos en la parte central del océano lndico.doi: sin doi
A balanced and absolutely stable numerical thermodynamic model for closed and open oceanic basins
Authors: Skiba Yuri N. , Adem Julian
Published: April 2023

Por medio de condiciones especiales de frontera. el problema bien establecido se formula para el modelo oceánico termodinámico de Adem en una región de océano abierta. cuando existe un flujo anómalo de calor a través de las fronteras laterales. Se muestran la unicidad y estabilidad de las soluciones del modelo. Se estima la velocidad de disipación de las anomalías de temperatura en presencia de la difusión y ausencia del forzamiento. Se muestra que el operador del modelo es positivo definido, positivo semidefinido o antisimétrico, dependiendo del tipo de condiciones de frontera y de la difusión. EI método de separación se aplica para construir un esquema implícito en diferencias finitas con aproximación de segundo orden, el cual es económico, balanceado e incondicionalmente estable. Cada uno de los problemas separados es de dimensión 1, y se resuelve fácilmente por el método de factorización. Se justifica la aplicación del método de separación. El algoritmo numérico se puede generalizar con facilidad para el modelo de 3-dimensiones.doi: sin doi
The Victoria, Mexico, Earthquake of June 9, 1980
Authors: Wong V. , Frez J. , Suarez F.
Published: April 2023

El sismo de Victoria de junio 9 de 1980 (ML = 6.1) ocurrió en el Valle de Mexicali cerca de la traza de la falla de Cerro Prieto con un mecanismo focal de fallamiento de rumbo con movimiento lateral derecho en un plano vertical. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis de datos locales concernientes a los efectos superficiales, localizaciones hipocentrales y mecanismos focales, tanto del evento principal como de la actividad de replicas. No se observan en la superficie las evidencias de los desplazamientos ocasionados por la propagación de la fractura del evento principal. La actividad de replicas se localizó al noroeste del epicentro del evento principal, concentrándose en pequeños grupos en o cerca del extremo noroeste de la falla Cerro Prieto. Algunas replicas se localizaron al norte de donde termina la falla Cerro Prieto y hacia el extremo sureste de la falla Imperial. Solo un pequeño número de réplicas fue localizado en los alrededores del evento principal y ocurrieron pocas horas después de este. La actividad de replicas está localizada principalmente entre 3 y 8 km de profundidad, ubicándose la mayoría de ellas por debajo de la gruesa capa de sedimentos. La profundidad promedio de las réplicas generalmente decrece bacia el noroeste, alejándose del epicentro del evento principal, el cual se encuentra a 9 km de profundidad. Los mecanismos focales compuestos de las réplicas nos muestran un movimiento lateral derecho sobre un plano vertical con orientación N45°W para el grupo más cercano al evento principal, y fallamiento normal para el grupo en el extremo noroeste de la. falla Cerro Prieto. Dos pequeños enjambres sísmicos ocurrieron pocas horas antes del evento principal.doi: sin doi
Effects of ENSO off the southwest coast of Mexico, 1996-1999
Authors: Aguirre-Gómez R. , Salmerón O. , Álvarez R.
Published: April 2023

Este artículo presenta los efectos del ENOS 1997-1998 frente a la costa sur-occidental de México. La influencia de ENOS se observó comparando las anomalías de la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) de un año a otro de 1996 a 1999 dentro de un periodo de 4 años. Las observaciones satelitales muestran un incremento en la temperatura superficial del mar de 3° a 5° C, así como la inhibición de eventos de surgencia frente a Cabo Corrientes.doi: sin doi