bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AD-214 anti CXCR4 i-body-Fc fusion for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lynch Jason Paul , Organ Louise , Tomusange Khamis , Kowalczyk Lukasz , Hartman Dallas , Tester Angus , Hosking Chris , Foley Michael
Published: November 2024

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by scarring and tissue remodelling. Current treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects. To address these limitations, we developed AD-214, an anti-CXCR4-Fc-fusion protein comprised of an anti-CXCR4 i-body (AD-114) tethered at its C terminus to constant domains 2 and 3 of the Fc region of a mutated human IgG1 lacking effector function. AD-214 binds with high affinity and specificity to CXCR4, modulates intracellular signaling and inhibits key fibrotic pathways. Using fibrosis models, we demonstrate that AD-214 treatment significantly reduces collagen deposition and lung remodelling and has a unique mode of action. In Phase 1 clinical trials intravenous (IV) infusion of AD-214 led to high and sustained CXCR4 receptor occupancy (RO); however, whether RO and efficacy are causally linked remained to be determined. Herein, we demonstrate that CXCR4 RO by AD-214 inhibits primary human leukocyte migration, a model fibrotic process, and that migration inhibition is achievable at concentrations of AD-214 present in the serum of healthy human volunteers administered AD-214. Taken together, these data provide proof of concept for AD-214 as a novel treatment strategy for IPF, and suggest that clinically feasible dosing regimens may be efficacious.
A quasi-experimental study based on evidence-based evidence to enhance the mental health literacy of primary and secondary school teachers
Authors: Lin Danlin , Liao Yuanyuan , Ameyaw Moses Agyemang , Xiao YunYi , Shan Ke
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the mental health problems of Chinese primary and secondary school students have become increasingly alarming. As the gatekeepers of students, primary and secondary school teachers play a crucial role in students' mental health. Their knowledge and understanding of mental health, known as mental health literacy, is beneficial for their personal development and has a significant impact on students' mental health and well-being. This study aims to explore the distinctive features of the mental health literacy of primary and secondary school teachers by formulating the internal structure of mental health literacy. Additionally, a quasi-experimental study of "whole-teacher mental health education" based on the unique dimensions of mental health literacy is employed to enhance the mental health literacy of the teachers in the experimental subjects.The results showed that a sense of Mental Health Education Mission (EHEM) is a special feature that distinguishes elementary and secondary school teachers from the general public in terms of mental health literacy. Based on this evidence-based findings, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on "Expert guidance and assistance, as well as Teacher experience and practice." An experiential workshop was conducted using EHEM as the starting point, significantly improving mental health literacy among the teachers in the experimental group. This reference value is crucial for enhancing the mental health literacy of primary and secondary school teachers. It also serves as a tool for teachers to assist and encourage the mental health growth of students, and to foster the sustainable development of comprehensive mental health education in primary and secondary schools.
CTD-2555A7.2 promotes bone formation with LncRNA-specific cascade amplification strategy
Authors: Meng Fanjin , Zheng Kaiyuan , Deng Meng , Ma Yuwen , Yu Yang , Li Junxiong , Chen Hong , Meng Shan , Guo Bin , Guo Xiaolan , Jiao Li , Zeng Beilei , Yang Chun , Yang Bing , Yin Chong
Published: November 2024

Osteoporosis is a potential threat to human health. LncRNAs have been deem as important regulators for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, the accuracy and efficiency of LncRNA regulating bone formation still need to be improved. We previously found a repeat sequence on human-derived LncRNA CTD-2555A7.2, implying it may potentially regulate osteoporosis more efficiently. Therefore, we deeply analyzed the function of LncRNA CTD-2555A7.2 on bone formation and further investigated its mechanism and its potential to rescue osteoporosis. Our research demonstrated that CTD-2555A7.2 promoted bone formation through sequestering with multiple miR-381-3p molecules via its repeat sequence. miR-381-3p inhibited osteogenic differentiation by simultaneously targeting 4 essential genes in the wnt signaling pathway, including Apc, Lef1, wnt5a, and Lrp6. The repeat sequence of CTD-2555A7.2 presented a significant therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. Taken together, we identified a dual amplification osteogenic axis CTD-2555A7.2-miR-381-wnt showed a significant regulating effect on osteoporosis. This study laid an important theoretical and experimental foundation to investigate the mechanism of osteogenic-related LncRNAs and also provided novel insights for developing therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis.
O-GlcNAcylation of FBP1 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by facilitating its Lys48-linked polyubiquitination in hypoxic environments
Authors: Zhu Yi , He Xiaoman , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Yan , Feng Wei
Published: November 2024

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is important for cancer progression. The post-translational regulation of FBP1 in hypoxic environments is still unclear. Here, we report that FBP1 is down-regulated and a low expression level of FBP1 predicts a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Hypoxic environment makes FBP1 more prone to degradation and this effect can be reversed by inhibiting global O-GlcNAcylation signalling. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) interact with FBP1 and induce its O-GlcNAcylation at serine 47 residue (FBP1-S47) to modulate its protein function in pancreatic cancer cell. O-GlcNAcylation of FBP1-S47 promote FBP1 degradation and also influence the expression of canonical HIF-1α target genes involved in glucose metabolism, resulting in an increase of glucose uptake and lactate secretion in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation of FBP1-S47 facilitates FBP1 K48-linked polyubiquitination at lysine 51 residue (FBP1-K51), in which GlcNAc moiety can serve as a prerequisite for a FBP1 ubiquitin ligase. FBP1 (K51) K48-linked polyubiquitination mediated protein degradation can also promote cancer progression similarly to the O-GlcNAcylation of FBP1-S47. Our data uncover a mechanism whereby FBP1 can be regulated by a protein O-GlcNAcylation-polyubiquitination axis, paving the way to cancer cell metabolic reprogram.
Detecting Sarcasm in User-Generated Content Integrating Transformers and Gated Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Qin Zhenkai , Luo Qining , Zang Zhidong , Fu Hongpeng
Published: November 2024

The widespread use of the Internet and social media has posed significant challenges to automated sentiment analysis, particularly in relation to detecting sarcasm in user-generated content. Sarcasm often expresses negative emotions through seemingly positive or exaggerated language, making its detection a complex task in natural language processing. To address this issue, the present study proposes a novel sarcasm detection model that combines Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with Gated Graph Neural Networks (GGNN), further enhanced by a self-attention mechanism to more effectively capture ironic cues. BERT is utilized to extract deep contextual information from the text, while GGNN is employed to learn global semantic structures by incorporating dependency and emotion graphs. Experiments were conducted on two benchmark sarcasm detection datasets, namely Headlines and Riloff. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BERT-GGNN model achieves an accuracy of 92.00% and an F1 score of 91.51% on the Headlines dataset, as well as an accuracy of 86.49% and an F1 score of 86.59% on the Riloff dataset, significantly outperforming the conventional BERT-GCN models. The results of ablation studies further corroborate the efficacy of integrating GGNN, particularly for handling complex ironic expressions frequently encountered in social media contexts.
A reliable model to strengthen community-based water quality monitoring and surveillance via field test kits
Authors: Kumar Jagdish , Garg Aarti , . Gaurav , Singh Vivek Narayan , Das Mukul
Published: November 2024

Field test kits are indispensable tools for strengthening community-based water quality monitoring and surveillance programs. However, the reliability of field test kits is important, as these kits are being used to test large number of water sources in developing countries due to insufficient laboratory resources. A field test kit validation protocol is essentially needed to strengthen the quality control mechanism during the kit production and procurement stages. The technical efficiency of a kit is the most important criterion for assessing its sensitivity and specificity to accurately detect the parameter of interest. The adequacy, safety and information to users are also very significant aspects to ensure effective and safe usage of kits. In the present study, arsenic field test kits were evaluated in the laboratory as well as at field by performing in situ testing. Statistical weight was assigned to each parameter, such as technical efficiency, adequacy, safety and information, to estimate the ‘individual parameter weight’, and then an importance factor was applied to estimate the cumulative parameter weight to assess the effectiveness of the field test kits. This study provides inputs for the development of a protocol for the reliability assessment of field test kits.
Achieving lower temperature modification and its mechanism of SBS modified asphalt based on pre-swelling/extraction process and compositing with C9 petroleum resin
Authors: Chen Wei , Fan Shifa , He Xingyang , Su Ying , Jin Zihao , Liu Qiao , Oh Sang-Keun , Zhou Han , Tang Dakun , Dong Bo
Published: November 2024

Achieving lower temperature modification of SBS modified asphalt is of vital significance in energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. The compatibility between styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and base asphalt is a crucial factor for the excellent performance of SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA), however the compatibility improvement under lower temperature faces challenges and its modification mechanism has little scientific backing. In this study, SBS was firstly pretreated with naphthenic oil as swelling agent and petroleum ether as extractant to prepare pre-swelling SBS (npSBS), and the effects of SBS pre-swelling/extraction process combined with C9 petroleum resin on the conventional properties, compatibility, rheological and thermodynamic properties of SBSMA prepared at a lower shear temperature (150 ℃) were studied by physical properties, storage stability, DSR, MSCR and DSC characterization. The results demonstrated that SBS pre-swelling/extraction treatment improved the low temperature performance as well as compatibility of SBSMA while reduced its high temperature performance. However, C9 petroleum resin could effectively compensate for the loss of high temperature and rutting resistance performance. The comprehensive performance of npSBS modified asphalt incorporating 6 wt% C9 petroleum resin prepared at 150℃ is comparative with SBSMA prepared at 180 ℃. The pre-swelling/extraction process combined with C9 resin has synergistic effect in improving the compatibility of SBS in modified asphalt under lower modification temperature. This work provides a feasible strategy for environmentally benign and low-carbon modification of SBSMA.
Intensification of Pre-Monsoon Cyclone: Insights from spring snowmelt discharge
Authors: Maneesha K. , Patnaik KVKRK , Ganapathi P. , Ratna Satyaban B
Published: November 2024

The intensification of pre-monsoon cyclones in the northern Bay of Bengal, particularly Cyclones Yaas (2021), is increasingly attributed to the rising influx of snowmelt water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Cyclone Yaas intensified over high sea surface temperatures (31.5 to 32°C) and significant freshwater discharge, leading to notable stratification and increased ocean heat content in the upper layers. As Yaas moved through a warm core eddy, the sinking of water caused the isotherms to deepen by 25–50 meters, a process that was further intensified by freshwater discharge due to spring snowmelt. Key ocean heat content in the top 30-meter layer was critical during Yaas's formation, with total incoming shortwave radiation of 420 W/m² and net radiation of 390 W/m² closely aligning with the heat content of 400 W/m² in the central and western Bay, providing the necessary energy for intensification. This study employs integrated datasets, including in situ observations, ERA5-based freshwater flux analysis, and high-resolution numerical simulations, to reveal cyclone-ocean interactions. Findings indicate that similar snowmelt dynamics contributed to the intensification of recent cyclones. With the rising temperatures due to global warming, even minor changes in increasing snowmelt and surface runoff can significantly affect upper ocean dynamics. This highlights the critical role of pre-monsoon freshwater discharge in strengthening cyclones and emphasises the need for better prediction models to understand future cyclone behavior, which can help reduce risks in this vulnerable region. Additionally, in terms of biological processes, the increased fresh water discharge during spring in the northern Bay of Bengal caused high stratification and intense downwelling, which suppressed nutrient-rich subsurface waters and resulted in limited chlorophyll concentrations (1 mg/m³) along Yaas's track, despite phytoplankton blooms in regions of high wind stress.
Enhancing Patient-Physician Communication: Simulating African American Vernacular English in Medical Diagnostics with Large Language Models
Authors: Lee Yeawon , Chang Chia-Hsuan , Yang Christopher C.
Published: November 2024

Effective communication plays a pivotal role in mitigating health disparities. However, linguistic differences, such as African American Vernacular English (AAVE), can lead to communication gaps between patients and physicians, consequently impacting healthcare effectiveness and patient outcomes. This research delves into the potential of GPT-4, a large language model, to replicate AAVE in medical dialogues, with the aim of exploring its potential to address these communication barriers. We devised four prompt types: medical case-only prompts (BaseP), prompts containing demographic details (DemoP), prompts with AAVE-specific linguistic features (LingP), and prompts integrating DemoP and LingP (ComP). Through statistical analyses, including ANOVA and t-tests, applied to case simulations from the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), we evaluated GPT-4's capacity to mirror AAVE linguistic attributes. The findings indicate that GPT-4 effectively emulated AAVE traits, with ComP producing the most AAVE linguistic features. Notably, DemoP elicited more phonological features than LingP, implying an intrinsic correlation between the African American demographic and specific linguistic markers in GPT-4. However, the model encountered challenges with certain AAVE constructs, such as question inversion and unique vocabulary. This study underscores GPT-4's potential to enhance culturally sensitive healthcare communication while emphasizing the necessity for further research to refine its precision in simulating diverse linguistic styles for practical medical training applications.
Electrochemical Reactivity of PZT Materials in Li-Ion and Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Demirkan M. Taha , Dogrusoz Mehbare
Published: November 2024

PZT (lead-zirconium oxide-titanate) materials are lead-based common piezoelectric materials that are used in a very wide range of applications because of their unique characteristics. This report investigates the electrochemical activity of PZT materials as anode material versus metallic lithium and sodium. CV, EIS, XRD and capacity tests are engaged to examine the electrochemical activity of these materials as electrodes. The results show that the electrochemical activity of PZT materials for both types of batteries is significant. The resulting capacity values reach approximately 200mAh/g for Li-ion battery and 100mAh/g and Na-ion battery systems after 250 cycles at a 10mA/g rate.
Epigenomic analysis of high-grade T1 bladder cancer reveals subtypes with clinical implications that display extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity with spatial features.
Authors: Cejas Paloma , Bellmunt Joaquim , Xie Yingtian , Hully Margot , Gomez Miguel Munoz , Kukreja Shweta , Liria Sonsoles , Li Rong , Qiu Xintao , Jiang Yijia , Font-Tello Alba , Nunez Marie , Epstein Ilana , Hernández-Llodrà Silvia , Lorenzo Marta , Menendez Silvia , Juanpere Nuria , Choueiri Toni , Brown Myles , Long Henry
Published: November 2024

High-Grade T1 (HGT1) Non-Muscle Invasive is an early-stage of Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) with an unpredictable relapse and recurrence rate. New biomarkers are needed for patient risk prediction and to determine treatment. Here, we analyze the molecular characteristics of HGT1 NMIBC by combining multi-omics at bulk and single-cell resolution. We have identified two chromatin states that reflect variable degrees of basal and luminal inflammatory characteristics. These subtypes show relevant functional differences and are associated with clinical outcome. Luminal-like inflammatory (LLI) tumors are associated with a significantly higher risk of progression. At a single-cell resolution, RNA-seq shows the existence of a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity with co-existence of LLI and Basal-like (BL) subtypes within the same tumor specimen. The immunohistochemical validation in an independent patient cohort reveals subtypes coexistence in more than 40% patients. The subtypes show distinct spatial features within the tissue with the BL subtype consistently being in close proximity to the vascular stroma and the LLI subtype towards the interior of the tumor mass. Spatial transcriptomics at a single cell resolution further validate the specific location of the subtypes. Altogether, our results illustrate the high intratumor heterogeneity existing in HGT1 NMIBC bladder cancer, with spatial features that suggest microenvironment crosstalk. Based on our findings, multitarget therapy could be needed to target the extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity existing in bladder cancer.
A hybrid monthly hydrological prediction model based on LSTM-EBLS and improved VMD
Authors: Zhou Boya , Wang Lehao , Han Ying
Published: November 2024

Scarce of large sample data makes deep learning based monthly hydrological prediction still challenging. Compared with deep learning methods, broad learn-ing system (BLS) has the advantages of fast operation and small sample data suita-bility. While, using BLS alone to predict, the accuracy is relatively low. Using the weights between the input vector and the output gate in the long short-term memory (LSTM) as the initial weights of the BLS, the extended BLS (EBLS) is constructed as temporal feature extraction module for monthly hydrological prediction. Considering time-consuming problem resulting by variational mode decomposition (VMD), an improved version of VMD (IVMD) is presented in this paper. Finally, a hybrid monthly hydrological forecast model based on LSTM, EBLS and IVMD is proposed. The model is trained and validated to monthly hydrological prediction, and the results demonstrated that: (1) For multi-month ahead hydrological prediction, the presented model outperforms the discussed state of the art models. Meawhile, the peak fitting prediction is also enhanced. (2) Compared with CNN-LSTM structure, LSTM-EBLS improves prediction accuracy. (3) Efficient VMD parameter selection method and high correlation decomposition signals selection further enhance computation efficiency.
Comparison and Evaluation of Interferential Current Therapy and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: S Sinchana , Gurraram Prashanthi , E Jayakanthan , Narayan Vivek , Subramanian Abinaya , VC Divya , Rathan Lakshmi , Rajan Jyotsna , Vignesh Arul , Rangarajan Bharath
Published: November 2024

Aim
This study evaluated the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential current therapy (IFT) to decrease jaw pain and muscle tenderness, improve maximum vertical mouth opening, and compare intra-operative patient comfort.
Methodology:
This comparative study was conducted in the outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital. Twenty participants with chronic or recurrent jaw pain were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B for the study. IFT and TENS were administered to Groups A and B. They were evaluated for intraoperative comfort, muscle tenderness, mouth opening, and pain over three treatment sessions.
Results
Both groups showed improvement in pain, muscle tenderness, and mouth opening after three follow-up sessions. Compared to TENS, IFT significantly improved patient comfort (p < 0.05). While there was no significant difference in pain and muscle tenderness reduction between the two groups at 5% significance level (p < 0.05), IFT demonstrated slightly better improvement in vertical mouth opening.
Conclusion
IFT is frequently employed to treat musculoskeletal disorders; however, its effectiveness in alleviating pain associated with temporomandibular disorders is still poorly understood. This study observed significant pain reduction in both IFT and TENS groups, along with a decrease in masticatory muscle and TMJ tenderness and improvement in mouth opening. Compared to TENS, IFT provided superior intra-operative comfort hence overcoming the drawback associated with TENS. These findings suggest that IFT may serve as an effective therapeutic option for temporomandibular disorder.
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related changes in pediatric patient numbers in Tokushima, Japan: analysis of medical claims data
Authors: Tominaga Ayumu , Nakagawa Kazumi , Nakagawa Mai , Fujimaru Ryo , Mori Yoshiro , Morioka Hisayoshi
Published: November 2024

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the number of patients visiting medical institutions.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of pediatric inpatients and outpatients visiting medical institutions.
Methods
We evaluated medical claims data of individuals aged < 15 years insured by the National Health Insurance in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Using multivariable negative binomial regression models, we calculated the inpatient and outpatient incident rate ratios (IRRs) for FY2020 (COVID-19 pandemic period) compared to FY2019 (pre-pandemic period).
Results
The inpatient and outpatient IRRs were 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.80) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.57–1.09) in FY2020, respectively, had significantly decreased, and were not significantly different from the reference values in FY2019.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that the number of pediatric inpatients and outpatients decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a greater impact on inpatients. Future research is needed to confirm the effects of the disease and the reasons for the decrease in pediatric visits, post-pandemic rebound, and pediatric health outcomes.
Trial registration:
This study doesn’t report the results of healthcare intervention. Therefore, the registration number and registration date are not stated.
PROMPTHEUS: A Human-Centered Pipeline to Streamline SLRs with LLMs
Authors: Torres João Pedro Fernandes , Mulligan Catherine , Jorge Joaquim , Moreira Catarina
Published: November 2024

The growing volume of academic publications poses significant challenges for researchers conducting timely and accurate Systematic Literature Reviews, particularly in fast-evolving fields like artificial intelligence. This growth of academic literature also makes it increasingly difficult for lay people to access scientific knowledge effectively, meaning academic literature is often misrepresented in the popular press and, more broadly, in society. Traditional SLR methods are labor-intensive and errorprone, and they struggle to keep up with the rapid pace of new research. To address these issues, we developed PROMPTHEUS: an AI-driven pipeline solution that automates the SLR process using Large Language Models. We aimed to enhance efficiency by reducing the manual workload while maintaining the precision and coherence required for comprehensive literature synthesis. PROMPTHEUS automates key stages of the SLR process, including systematic search, data extraction, topic modeling using BERTopic*, and summarization with transformer models. Evaluations conducted across five research domains demonstrate that PROMPTHEUS reduces review time, achieves high precision, and provides coherent topic organization, offering a scalable and effective solution for conducting literature reviews in an increasingly crowded research landscape. In addition, such tools may reduce the increasing mistrust in science by making summarization more accessible to laypeople. The code for this project can be found on the GitHub repository at https://github.com/joaopftorres/ PROMPTHEUS.git
Loss of Synaptic Munc13-1 Underlies Neurotransmission Abnormalities in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Moradi Mehri , Deng Chunchu , Sendtner Michael
Published: November 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of spinal motoneurons, leading to muscle atrophy and synaptic loss. SMN functions in mRNA splicing, transport, and local translation are crucial for maintaining synaptic integrity. Within the presynaptic membrane, the active zone orchestrates the docking and priming of synaptic vesicles. The Munc13 family proteins are key active zone components that operate precise neurotransmitter release in conjunction with voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). However, the role of Munc13s in synaptic dysfunction in SMA remains elusive. Our findings reveal that Munc13-1 loss, but not Munc13-2, is closely linked to synaptic aberrations in SMA. Specifically, Munc13-1 mRNA localization in axons is dependent on Smn, and its disruption leads to impaired AZ assembly and VGCC clustering in motoneurons, ultimately reducing neuronal excitability. In contrast, Munc13-2 does not appear to be essential for AZ assembly or motoneuron differentiation, as its functions can be compensated by Munc13-1. These findings highlight the pivotal role of Munc13-1 in synapse integrity and point to potential therapeutic targets for mitigating synaptic loss in SMA.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Features of Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Biventricular Dysfunction in Children
Authors: Loss Karla L. , Cheng Andrew L. , Weisert Molly , Wang Shuo , Menteer JonDavid , Kantor Paul F. , Masood Imran R. , Su Jennifer A.
Published: November 2024

Background
Right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVD) is not well-understood in pediatric heart failure.
Objectives
To describe clinical and imaging features of children with isolated RVD and with biventricular dysfunction (BVD).
Methods
This is a retrospective single-center study evaluating patients (< 21 years) with biventricular anatomy and RVD on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) between 2015–2022. Echocardiographic, CMR, and clinical data were collected. We defined RVD as right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) < 45% on CMR, and RVEF < 35% was considered severe RVD. Patients were grouped as having isolated RVD, or BVD if concurrent LVEF was < 50%. Logistic regression was used to investigate if RV fractional area change (FAC) < 35%, qualitative RVD, and TAPSE Z-score by echocardiogram could predict severe RVD by CMR.
Results
Sixty-five patients were included, with a median age of 12.2 years. Thirty-two (49.2%) had isolated RVD, and 33 (50.8%) had BVD. Compared to BVD, patients with isolated RVD had higher RVEF (42.4% vs 36.9%, P < 0.001), milder symptoms (96.9% vs 57.6% were NYHA I-II, P < 0.001), and were less frequently on guideline-directed medical therapy (28.1% vs 48.5%, P = 0.036). Cardiac index (CI) was similar in both groups (2.9 vs. 2.4 ml/min/m2, P = 0.057). A combination of FAC < 35% and qualitative RVD by echocardiogram best correlated with severe RVD by CMR (AUC: 0.83; Sensitivity: 72.7%, Specificity: 88.9%).
Conclusion
Compared with pediatric patients with BVD, those with isolated RVD are less symptomatic despite having a similarly low CI. The combined presence of abnormal FAC and qualitative RVD by echocardiogram correlated with severe RVD by CMR.
Burdens and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2040: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Li Letai , Zhang Yun , Chen Yutong , Liu Rui , Gao Yuanxueying , Zheng Jiaojiao , Xing Lingzhi , Dong Jun , Cao Zhenrui , Jiang Yingjiu , Leng Jiajie , Tie Hongtao
Published: November 2024

Objective
To estimate burdens and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) globally, in five sociodemographic index(SDI) regions, 204 countries and territories around the world from 1990 to 2021 and further predicted its changes to 2040.
Methods
The estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of PAH were assessed from Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021. We described PAH epidemiology at global, 5 SDI regions, national levels, and analyzed 1990–2021 trends in PAH burden. It was investigated by overall description, joinpoint regression analysis, and decomposition analysis to explore PAH burden. BAPC analysis predicted changes of PAH trends to 2040.
Results
Compared with 1990, GBD 2021 estimated that number cases of 22,021 (95%UIs: 18,239 to 25,352) death cases, 191,808 (95%UIs: 155,357 to 235,787) prevalent cases, 43,251 (95%UIs: 34,705 to 52,441) incident cases, and 642,104 (95%UIs: 552,273 to 728,993) DALYs for PAH increased worldwide and the ASR values were decreased in 2021. The World Map of global 204 countries and territories ASR value of deaths, DALYs, incidence, and prevalence for PAH in 2021 were performed. In 5 SDI regions, the ASR values of incidence(0.71, 95%UIs: 0.58 to 0.85) and DALYs(9.3, 95%UIs: 6.08 to 13.2) for PAH were highest in low SDI regions in 2021 and declined as SDI levels rose. Whereas the ASR values for prevalence(2.64, 95%UIs: 2.15 to 3.23) of PAH in high SDI regions was highest in 2021 and decreased as SDI levels declined. The EAPC values of deaths and DALYs in PAH trended downward, whereas the EAPC values of incidence and prevalence tended towards stability from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression highlighted the rebound point of PAH burdens from 2006 to 2010 years. Decomposition analysis pointed out the proportion of the influence of aging, population, and epidemiological change on PAH burden. BAPC predicted a short-term decline and the long-term rise in the deaths, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of PAH in China and global in 2040.
Conclusions
This study provided a comprehensive landscape about the burdens and trends for PAH at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2040.
Predicting Mainland Chinese Students in Malaysia’s AI based Chatbot Satisfaction and Academic Performance: Mediating Moderating Analysis
Authors: Na Meng , Deli Mazzlida Mat , Rauf Ummu Ajirah Abdul
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing Mainland Chinese students' satisfaction with AI-based chatbots and their academic performance in Malaysian universities. By integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the research examines the roles of perceived risk, perceived enjoyment, trust, emotional value, internet addiction, reuse intention, satisfaction, and AI self-efficacy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 Mainland Chinese students using stratified random sampling. Data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) reveals that perceived risk negatively influences satisfaction, while perceived enjoyment and trust positively affect reuse intention. Emotional value indirectly enhances academic performance through reuse intention, and AI self-efficacy moderates the relationships between reuse intention, internet addiction, and academic performance. The findings contribute to theoretical frameworks by expanding TAM to include emotional and trust-related factors, while also offering practical implications for improving AI-based educational tools in higher education settings. Future research should explore additional mediators and moderators to deepen the understanding of AI chatbot adoption and its impact on academic outcomes.
Soil phosphorus transformations along two long-term chronosequences with contrasting climate in south-western Australia
Authors: Zhong Hongtao , Zhou Jun , Turner Benjamin L. , Watson Flynn , Lambers Hans
Published: November 2024

Background
Soil organic phosphorus (P) and its chemical nature change markedly during long-term pedogenesis, but how variation in ecosystem water balance and associated differences in vegetation impact such transformations remain unclear.
Methods
We addressed this by using solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to assess the chemical nature of soil organic P along two > 2-million-year coastal sand dune chronosequences in south-western Australia characterized by contrasting ecosystem water balance. We sampled soils at both progressive and retrogressive stages of the ecosystem along the wetter Warren and drier Jurien Bay chronosequences.
Results
Organic P was a much greater proportion of the total soil P in the wetter Warren than the drier Jurien Bay chronosequence. However, the composition of soil organic and inorganic P detected by 31P-NMR spectroscopy was similar between the two chronosequences. Orthophosphate and simple phosphomonoesters were the dominant P species, and their proportional importance increased as soils age, constituting > 80% of soil total P at the late stages of soil development. However, no higher-order inositol phosphates were detected in either chronosequence, presumably due to the sandy texture and limited sorption capacity of the soils.
Conclusion
Overall, our results provide evidence that ecosystem water balance has little impact on the long-term soil organic P transformations during pedogenesis in Western Australia dune sequences.
ROS-ATM-CHK2 axis stabilizes HIF-1α and promotes tumor angiogenesis in hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Cao Liu , Bai Ming , Xu Pengzhi , Cheng Rong , Li Na , Cao Sunrun , Guo Qiqiang , Wang Xiaoxun , Li Chunlu , Bai Ning , Jiang Bo , Wu Xuan , Song Xiaoyu , Sun Chen , Zhao Mingfang
Published: November 2024

Hypoxia is an established hallmark of tumorigenesis. HIF-1α activation may be the prime driver of adaptive regulation of tumor cells reacting to hypoxic conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism in charge of the fundamental stability of HIF-1α in solid tumor. Under hypoxic conditions, the checkpoint kinase CHK2 binds to HIF-1α and inhibits ubiquitination via phosphorylation of a threonine residue (Thr645), a formerly uncharacterized site within the inhibitory domain. Meanwhile, HIF-1α phosphorylation induced by CHK2 promotes complex formation between HIF1-α and the deubiquitination enzyme USP7, increasing stability under hypoxic conditions. This novel modification of the crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination of HIF-1α mediated by CHK2 enriches the post-translational modification spectrum of HIF-1α, thus offering novel insights into potential anti-angiogenesis therapies.
Significance Statement
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and one of the driving factors of genomic instability. HIF-1α is the most important regulator of adaptive regulation towards hypoxia. Here, a novel mechanism responsible for the constitutive stability of HIF-1α was demonstrated. During deprivation of oxygen, the checkpoint kinase CHK2 directly binds to HIF-1α and phosphorylates it at threonine residue (Thr645), which is independent of HIF-1α proline hydroxylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of HIF-1α enhances its combination with deubiquitination enzyme USP7, thus increasing the stability of HIF-1α and leading to angiogenesis.
Investigating the Impact of Audiovisual Aids on Learning English Language Vocabulary Among Undergraduate Students in Jordan
Authors: BaniYounes Zein
Published: November 2024

Audiovisual aids such as videos provide contextual clues that help learners infer the meaning of new vocabulary and grammar structures. For instance, a video showing a restaurant scene can help students understand food-related vocabulary and phrases in a real-life context. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using audiovisual aids in learning English Language vocabulary among the undergraduate students in Jordan. The researcher used a quasi-experimental approach to answer the research questions. Quasi-experimental design is frequently employed when researchers are unable to randomly assign individuals to teams in particular conditions or command a task due to ethical and technological constraints. The population consisted of the undergraduate students who are currently registered in the English department in Jordanian Universities. The initial sample consisted of 100 students registered in Jordan Universities. The findings yielded that mean score of the control group was 7.34 and that of the experimental group was 8.21, however these values still have significance as the value of (0.003) is lesser than the (p-value ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, i.e., the experimental group students’ scores who got audiovisual aids were significantly different from the scores of the control group who got conventional approach. Thus, teaching of English Language vocabulary significantly impact the learning process of vocabulary compared to the conventional approaches. Furthermore, the ANOVA results demonstrate a significant difference in Jordanian learners' perceptions of audiovisual aids based on their level of education. The significant F-statistic (4.131) and the p-value (.000) indicate that the educational level has a meaningful impact on how learners view the effectiveness of these aids in learning English vocabulary. This research recommends incorporating a variety of audiovisual aids into language learning provides a richer, more dynamic experience. It supports different aspects of language acquisition and helps create a more holistic learning environment
Assessment of Hydropower Potential Using Hydrological Model and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sangu River Basin, Chattogram in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahad Md. Iftaul , Shams S. M. Nasif
Published: November 2024

The rising energy demands in Bangladesh necessitate the exploration of sustainable energy sources, with hydropower emerging as a promising option. The Sangu River, flowing through the Chittagong Hill Tracts, offers significant hydropower potential. This study employs advanced technologies such as remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate hydropower feasibility. The assessment process involved: (a) generating a Strahler stream network; (b) estimating the hydraulic head (H) for streams of fourth-order and higher; (c) identifying potential sites with hydraulic heads of 10 meters or more; (d) calibrating, validating, and regionalizing SWAT parameters for the basin; (e) constructing a flow duration curve (FDC); and (f) estimating the power potential at each identified site. The analysis revealed 45 potential sites across 13 sub-basins, with discharge rates and hydraulic heads ranging from 10 to 44 meters. The model’s performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.71) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS = 0.69), indicating high accuracy in the calibration and validation phases. The total hydropower potential of the Sangu River was estimated at 201.2 MW, 86.1 MW, and 43.4 MW at 50%, 75%, and 90% flow reliability, respectively. These findings suggest that hydropower development in the Sangu River basin could be crucial in addressing Bangladesh’s energy challenges while promoting sustainability.
Optimized Recovery of Ferulic Acid Using Morpholinium-Based Ionic Liquid: Electrical Conduction Effects and Process Efficiency
Authors: Rahman Nurul Aliaa , Yussof Hafizuddin Wan , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , A.Rahman Roshanida , Idris Alamin
Published: November 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention for their remarkable ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and low environmental impact, making them ideal for various electrochemical applications. Beyond their role as ionic conductors, ILs have shown great promise in biotechnology, particularly for bioseparation and recovery of valuable compounds. Among these, Morpholinium-based ILs, particularly Morpholinium tetrafluoroborate ([MOR][BF4]), stand out as green alternative solvents for the efficient recovery of ferulic acid (FA) from mixed culture growth due to their low ecotoxicity and minimal inhibitory effects on microbial processes. This study aims to optimize FA recovery from mixed culture fermentation using [MOR][BF4] by employing a Central Composite Design (CCD) while also evaluating their conductivity through electrochemical studies using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the optimization process, three fundamental parameters, namely inorganic salt concentration, phase ratio, and recovery time, were evaluated for their impact on FA recovery efficiency. A total of 26 experimental runs were conducted, resulting in a maximum FA recovery efficiency of 93.12% under optimal conditions of 0.06M ammonium chloride, a 1:5 phase ratio, and 45 minutes recovery time. The validation experiment revealed that FA recovery fell within the range of 90.35% and 91.57% under the optimum condition with less than 10% percentage error between the predicted and experimental results. Additionally, electrochemical characterization of [MOR][BF4] revealed a conductivity value of 0.324 mS.cm− 1 at ambient temperature, which is suitable for use in electrochemical materials, especially as an additive in electrolyte systems. Overall, this research represents a major advancement in the fields of electrochemistry and bioprocessing, providing a greener and more efficient approach for recovering valuable bioactive compounds.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Structurally Novel Genipin Derivatives as a Class of Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sha Mengdie , Xu Wenxue , Cheng Hongyan , Zhao Wenjie , Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Yanchun
Published: November 2024

The simultaneous modulation of multiple pathological factors may provide benefits for battling multifactorial diseases, exemplified by Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, based on the potential GSK-3β inhibitor Genipin, a biologically ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine, a series of Genipin derivatives were designed and synthesized for structure-activity relationship study focusing on GSK-3β suppressive activity. Among them, JD-5 and JD-7 exhibited enhanced GSK-3β inhibitory activity over Genipin, along with favorable neuroprotective activity. In addition, JD-5 effectively inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation at the concentration as low as 3.33 µM. All above, JD-5 with promising activity against multiple AD-related pathological factors, including GSK-3β, neuron damage, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, merits further functional study and development.
WITHDRAWN: The ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene (rbcL) sequence reveals the genetic architecture of the African yam bean(Sphenostylis stenocarpa, Hochst
Authors: Edem Uduak Linus , Edu Ndem Enyogor , Osuagwu Aniefiok Ndubuisi , Emeagi Lasbrey Ikenna , EKERETTE Ekerette Emmanuel , Udensi Ugorji Obuagbu , AGBOR Bessong Reagan
Published: November 2024

Forty-seven African yam bean seed samples from Idomi, Obubra, Ekoli-Edda, Abakaliki, Jos and Ibadan, Nigeria, were assessed for genetic diversity using the rbcL gene marker. DNA was extracted, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted, and the products were sequenced. The data were analyzed using MEGA and Gene Alex software. The results showed that the phylogenetic tree for the rbcL gene in AYB revealed two groups. Genetic polymorphism indices revealed that among the 47 sequences of the rbcL gene evaluated, 66 sites were compared, which produced 54 and 12 polymorphic and monomorphic sites, respectively. There were 45 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.998 ± 0.005. Nucleotide diversity was 0.22741 ± 0.0003. There were 120 SNPs detected. The ratio of transversion to transition mutations was 76:14. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 99% within and 1% within populations, while principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) did not reveal any traceable clustering pattern. The percentage variation as explained showed a cumulative percentage variation of 26.38%. The linear genetic distances within and among the investigated rbcL gene sequences ranged from 3.0000 to LGD ≥ 9.0000. LGD revealed the narrowest distance (3.60551) between TSs592 and TSs19. The widest LGD was 9.797959 between TSs111 and TSs19. These findings imply limited breeding and improvement efforts in AYB. The study underscores the underutilization of AYB, despite its potential for enhancing food security due to its nutritional qualities. Further exploration of AYB genetic resources is essential for crop improvement and conservation, aiming to unlock its full potential for sustainable utilization in agriculture.
Remote photoplethysmography with Anti-Interference Based on Spatio-Temporal Feature Enhancement
Authors: Shao Dangguo , Jin Jianhua , Ma Lei , Yi Sanli
Published: November 2024

Remote physiological measurement estimates heart rate (HR) non-contact by analyzing skin color changes from facial videos. This non-intrusive method can be useful in healthcare, border security, and lie detection.These changes are subtle, imperceptible to the naked eye, and easily affected by variations in lighting and motion artifacts from the subject in front of the camera.Traditional methods often use aggressive noise reduction techniques in the presence of real-world noise, which can obscure heart rate information and lead to distorted detection.This study proposes a more effective method for remote heart rate detection that addresses interference by enhancing facial spatial geometric features using the progressive transformation properties of Recursive Spatial Transformation (ReST). It also integrates motion features obtained from optical flow for more stable spatiotemporal feature enhancement. Additionally, we introduce a Multi-Scale Temporal Convolution Module (TDCM) to capture periodic signal changes across different time scales, modeling the periodicity of heart rate signals from various scales to achieve robust recovery of rPPG signals.The entire model has only 30% of the parameters of PhysFormer. Experiments on multiple remote physiological signal measurement datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves heart rate estimation across various metrics, particularly showing strong robustness in handling videos with severe head movements.