bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demogenomic inference from spatially and temporally heterogeneous samples
Authors: Marchi Nina , Kapopoulou Adamandia , Excoffier Laurent
Published: October 2023

Modern and ancient genomes are not necessarily drawn from homogeneous populations, as they may have been collected from different places and at different times. This heterogeneous sampling can be an issue for demographic inferences and results in biased demographic parameters and incorrect model choice if not properly considered. When explicitly accounted for, it can result in very complex models and high data dimensionality that are difficult to analyse. In this paper, we formally study the impact of such spatial and temporal sampling heterogeneity on demographic inference, and we introduce a way to circumvent this problem. To deal with structured samples without increasing the dimensionality of the site frequency spectrum (SFS), we introduce a new structured approach to the existing program fastsimcoal2. We assess the efficiency and relevance of this methodological update with simulated and modern human genomic data. We particularly focus on spatial and temporal heterogeneities to evidence the interest of this new SFS‐based approach, which can be especially useful when handling scattered and ancient DNA samples, as in conservation genetics or archaeogenetics.
Evaluation of pain levels treated by the distal end of the hook‐wire positioning needle: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ge Yong , Pan Jiajian , Sun Teng , Feng Shoujie , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2023

Background

Severe pain can be expected among adult patients undergoing hook‐wire CT‐guided localization of pulmonary nodules. We compared varying pain degrees between two different treatment techniques.

Methods

Data from 100 patients who underwent hook‐wire puncture localization under preoperative CT between May 2022 and October 2022 were prospectively reviewed. Using the random number table method, the patients were assigned to an observation and control group in a 1:1 ratio. In the observation group (n = 50), the external part of the hook‐wire positioning needle was cut off; in the control group (n = 50), the external portion of the needle was bent. Static pain scores were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) at 30 min, 1, and 2 h post localization for patients.

Results

No significant differences were present between the two groups in terms of patient age, sex, nodule size, and nodule location. The observation group had lower VAS scores at 30 min (2.57 ± 1.38 vs. 3.51 ± 1.87 p = 0.005), 1 h (2.43 ± 1.14 vs. 3.33 ± 1.76 p = 0.003), and 2 h (2.41 ± 1.12 vs. 3.17 ± 1.74 p = 0.011) after localization. Moreover, the pain level did not gradually worsen in either group. Both groups had a 100% localization success rate. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.431) in the localized complication incidences between the two groups.

Conclusions

We found both approaches for handling the hook‐wire extending outside the chest to be safe and effective. However, cutting off the hook‐wire extending outside the chest is associated with lesser pain. Moreover, pain severity does not worsen with time after localization.
Smurfness‐based two‐phase model of ageing helps deconvolve the ageing transcriptional signature
Authors: Zane Flaminia , Bouzid Hayet , Sosa Marmol Sofia , Brazane Mira , Besse Savandara , Molina Julia Lisa , Cansell Céline , Aprahamian Fanny , Durand Sylvère , Ayache Jessica , Antoniewski Christophe , Todd Nicolas , Carré Clément , Rera Michael
Published: October 2023

Ageing is characterised at the molecular level by six transcriptional ‘hallmarks of ageing’, that are commonly described as progressively affected as time passes. By contrast, the ‘Smurf’ assay separates high‐and‐constant‐mortality risk individuals from healthy, zero‐mortality risk individuals, based on increased intestinal permeability. Performing whole body total RNA sequencing, we found that Smurfness distinguishes transcriptional changes associated with chronological age from those associated with biological age. We show that transcriptional heterogeneity increases with chronological age in non‐Smurf individuals preceding the other five hallmarks of ageing that are specifically associated with the Smurf state. Using this approach, we also devise targeted pro‐longevity genetic interventions delaying entry in the Smurf state. We anticipate that increased attention to the evolutionary conserved Smurf phenotype will bring about significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing.
The role of cardiac resident macrophage in cardiac aging
Authors: Li Jiayu , Xin Yanguo , Wang Zhaojia , Li Jingye , Li Weiping , Li Hongwei
Published: October 2023

Advancements in longevity research have provided insights into the impact of cardiac aging on the structural and functional aspects of the heart. Notable changes include the gradual remodeling of the myocardium, the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and the decline in both systolic and diastolic functions. Macrophages, a type of immune cell, play a pivotal role in innate immunity by serving as vigilant agents against pathogens, facilitating wound healing, and orchestrating the development of targeted acquired immune responses. Distinct subsets of macrophages are present within the cardiac tissue and demonstrate varied functions in response to myocardial injury. The differentiation of cardiac macrophages according to their developmental origin has proven to be a valuable strategy in identifying reparative macrophage populations, which originate from embryonic cells and reside within the tissue, as well as inflammatory macrophages, which are derived from monocytes and recruited to the heart. These subsets of macrophages possess unique characteristics and perform distinct functions. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the roles and phenotypes of cardiac macrophages in various conditions, including the steady state, aging, and other pathological conditions. Additionally, it will highlight areas that require further investigation to expand our knowledge in this field.
Self‐sacrifice or empty symbolism: A study of $1 CEOs
Authors: Dharmasiri Prabashi , Garg Mukesh , Ng Anthony , Supardi Supardi
Published: October 2023

We examine whether CEOs' voluntary acceptance of a $1 salary is a credible signal of sacrifice. We find that firms with $1 salary CEOs are: (i) more likely to be associated with income‐increasing accrual‐based earnings management; (ii) less likely to use real earnings management; and (iii) more likely to engage in corporate tax avoidance. Our results indicate that this performance enhancement is driven by the motivation to restore salaries to their original levels. Our results suggest that extreme salary sacrifice could indicate an empty promise to improve firm performance and should be considered cautiously by investors and regulators.
The moderating effect of resting heart rate variability on the relationship between internet addiction tendency and brain morphology
Authors: Zeng Yuandong , Wu Guo‐Rong , Xue Yingying , Baeken Chris , Wei Luqing
Published: October 2023

Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated brain morphology associated with internet addiction tendency (IAT) in healthy subjects. However, whether resting vagally‐mediated heart rate variability (HRV) exerting influences on the association of IAT and brain morphology remains unclear. This study used voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and multiple regression analyses to assess the interaction effect of IAT and resting vagally‐mediated HRV on regional grey matter volumes in 82 healthy subjects. To further illustrate the observed interaction effect, the moderated hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The results showed that resting vagally‐mediated HRV moderated the relationship between IAT scores and grey matter volume (GMV) in the precuneus and cerebellum. Specifically, individuals with higher resting vagally‐mediated HRV showed a significant positive relationship between IAT scores and GMV in the precuneus, whereas individuals with lower resting vagally‐mediated HRV showed a significant negative relationship between IAT scores and GMV in the precuneus. In addition, IAT scores were negatively correlated with GMV in the cerebellum among individuals with lower resting vagally‐mediated HRV, but not among individuals with higher resting vagally‐mediated HRV. These findings have demonstrated a moderating role of resting vagally‐mediated HRV on the association of IAT and brain morphology.
Drug overdose risk with benzodiazepine treatment in young adults: Comparative analysis in privately and publicly insured individuals
Authors: Bushnell Greta A. , Rynn Moira A. , Gerhard Tobias , Keyes Katherine M. , Hasin Deborah S. , Cerdá Magdalena , Nyandege Abner , Olfson Mark
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) carry a risk for drug overdose and are prescribed alone or simultaneously with selective‐serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the treatment of anxiety and depression in young adults. We aimed to measure risks of drug overdose following BZD treatment initiation, and simultaneous BZD and SSRI initiation, compared with SSRI treatment alone in young adults with depression or anxiety.

Design, Setting, Participants

The cohort study used administrative databases covering privately (MarketScan, 1/1/2009–12/31/2018) and publicly (Medicaid, 1/1/2015–12/31/2016) insured young adults (18–29 years) in the United States. Those with depression or anxiety diagnoses newly initiating BZD or SSRI treatment (without BZD or SSRI prescriptions in prior year) were included. Simultaneous “BZD + SSRI” initiation was defined as starting BZD and SSRI treatment on the same day. The cohorts included 604 664 privately insured young adults (BZD = 22%, BZD + SSRI = 10%, SSRI = 68%) and 110 493 publicly insured young adults (BZD = 23%, BZD + SSRI = 5%, SSRI = 72%).

Measurements

Incident medically treated drug overdose events were identified from emergency department and inpatient encounters (ICD poisoning codes) within 6 months of treatment initiation. Crude and propensity‐score adjusted cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HR) were estimated. Sub‐analyses evaluated drug overdose intent.

Findings

Adjusted HRs of drug overdose for BZD vs. SSRI treatment was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.23–1.51) in privately and 1.59 (95%CI:1.37–1.83) in publicly insured young adults. The adjusted HRs of drug overdose for BZD + SSRI treatment vs. SSRI treatment were 1.99 (95%CI:1.77–2.25) in privately and 1.98 (95%CI:1.47–2.68) in publicly insured young adults.

Conclusions

Among young adults in the United States, initiating benzodiazepine treatment for anxiety and depression, alone or simultaneously with selective‐serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), appears to have an increased risk of medically treated drug overdose compared with SSRI treatment alone. These associations were observed in publicly and privately insured individuals.
The effect of silver nanoparticles in addition to sodium fluoride on remineralization of artificial root dentin caries
Authors: Kongyodsueb P , Poolthong S , Chumprasert S , Sae‐ear P , Tantilertanant Y
Published: October 2023

Background

Silver nanoparticle was developed to overcome the drawback of silver diamine fluoride. However, evidence is limited, especially in root caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of silver nanoparticles on root caries.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐five root human dentin slices size 5 × 5 mm2 from patients aged over 60 years old were immersed in demineralized solution to create artificial caries. Specimens were allocated into five groups according to the remineralizing agents: silver diamine fluoride (SDF), silver nanoparticles solution (AgNPs), silver nanoparticle solution followed by sodium fluoride varnish (AgNPs+NaF), sodium fluoride varnish (NaF), and tap water. After 8 days of pH‐cycling challenge, the microhardness test, lesion depth evaluation, dentin surface morphology, and elemental analysis were performed. Data was analysed using F‐test One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test and paired T‐test.

Results

All test groups demonstrated a significantly higher microhardness value and lower lesion depth compared with the control group. AgNPs+NaF and NaF‐treated groups showed lower efficacy than SDF. Crystal precipitation was presented in all groups composed of silver.

Conclusion

Addition of fluoride varnish did not benefit for silver nanoparticles in preventing further demineralization. SDF provides the highest effectiveness in elderly root carious dentin.
Differential expression of epithelial and smooth muscle lineage‐specific markers of metanephros in one‐humped camel foetuses
Authors: Farouk Sameh M. , Basha Walaa A. A. , Emam Mahmoud A. , Metwally Elsayed
Published: October 2023

The development of the metanephros in one‐humped camels involves a complex series of interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. As a result, there is a synchronized differentiation process of stromal, vascular and epithelial cell types during glomerulogenesis, angiogenesis and tubulogenesis. In the current work, the metanephros of camel foetuses were divided into four stages where kidneys from each stage were processed and immunoassayed, followed by quantitative analysis to determine target protein intensities throughout metanephrogenesis in the camel. This study demonstrated robust expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in the glomerular mesangium, as well as in interlobular and glomerular arterioles during the earlier stages of development. However, in the late stages, α‐SMA expression became more localized around the blood capillaries in both the cortex and medulla. Strong expression of CD34 was observed in the immature glomerular and peritubular endothelial cells within the subcapsular zone, as well as in the glomerular, proximal tubular and distal tubular epithelium of stage one foetuses, although its expression gradually diminished with foetal maturation. The expression pattern of osteopontin was prominently observed in the distal convoluted tubules throughout all stages, however, no expression was detected in the proximal tubules, glomeruli and arterioles. E‐cadherin was detected in the developing renal tubular epithelial cells but not in the glomeruli. In conclusion, this study reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of key proteins, including α‐SMA, CD34, Osteopontin and E‐cadherin, which play a crucial role in metanephrogenesis in camel foetuses.
Recurrent reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) secondary to Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in an adult
Authors: Carballido‐Vázquez Ana M. , Volo Víctor , Vega‐López Teresa L. , Santamarina‐Albertos Alba S. , Garabito‐Solovera Esther L. , Martínez‐García Gerardo , Manchado‐López Pilar
Published: October 2023

The terminology surrounding the clinical syndrome characterized by acute mucositis with minimal skin involvement has been a subject of debate over time. In recent years, terms such as mycoplasma‐induced rash and mucositis and reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) have been introduced to encompass milder mucocutaneous diseases associated with respiratory infections, with implications for management and prognosis. We report the first case of recurrent RIME associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in an adult patient. RIME is likely underreported due to misclassification and a lack of testing for potential pathogens. Early recognition of recurrent RIME is of particular interest from the patient's perspective to reduce the frequency and duration of hospital admissions.
Who will guard over the guardians?
Authors: de Zayas Alfred
Published: October 2023

Human rights have been weaponized and transformed into geopolitical tools to target certain states and not others. The rhetoric of human rights has been distorted by politicians, media, think tanks and the emerging “human rights industry” that serves hegemonic powers and not humanity. This constitutes an affront against human dignity.
The optimized development of China's service industry in the “Belt and Road” regional value chain: A social network analysis
Authors: Zhang Hanmei
Published: October 2023

The optimized development of service industry in the value chain can inject strong impetus into economic growth. The “Belt and Road” initiative provides a new path for China's service industry. This article combines value‐added accounting method and social network analysis method to study the network environment of service trade in the “Belt and Road” region and the individual characteristics of China's service trade. At the same time, the article deeply analyzes the factors that affect the optimized development of China's service industry in the “Belt and Road” regional value chain from the perspective of trade relations and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly. The study found that the “Belt and Road” regional service trade network has high density and shows a trend of blockization. As a core node in the regional service trade network, China has strong subjective initiative, connecting link, and independence in trade relations. Moreover, the optimization of China's service trade relations can further enhance its position in the “Belt and Road” regional value chain. At the same time, it can also enhance political and cultural identity, enhance China's discourse power, and promote the process of regional economic integration. Therefore, China's service industry can use the “Belt and Road” initiative to innovate the trade relationship model and realize the optimal development.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells as a potential biomarker for recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Subhi‐Issa Nabil , Fuente‐Muñoz Eduardo de la , Gil‐Laborda Raquel , Villegas Ángela , Alonso‐Arenilla Bárbara , Cristóbal Ignacio , Pilar‐Suárez Lydia , Jiménez‐Huete Adolfo , Calvo Marta , Sarria Beatriz , Mansilla‐Ruiz Mariló , Ochoa Juliana , Fernández‐Arquero Miguel , Sánchez‐Ramón Silvia
Published: October 2023

Problem

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) represent distinct clinical conditions with established definitions, both of which have been linked to an underlying pro‐inflammatory state. This study aimed to explore the levels of monocytic‐myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (M‐MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (TReg) in a cohort of RPL and RIF women and their potential contribution to RPL and RIF.

Method of study

One hundred and eight non‐pregnant women were evaluated: 40 RPL, 41 RIF, and 27 fertile healthy controls (HC). A multiparametric flow cytometry approach was utilized to measure and quantify the frequency of M‐MDSCs and TReg cells. Cytokine levels in plasma samples were evaluated through a multiplex assay. M‐MDSCs levels were significantly higher in RPL and RIF patients compared to HC.

Results

M‐MDSCs levels were significantly higher in RPL (9.4% [7–11.6]) and RIF (8.1% [5.9–11.6]) patients compared to HC (6% [4.2–7.6]). An optimal cut‐off of 6.1% for M‐MDSCs disclosed a sensitivity of 75.6% and 89.7% and a specificity of 57.7% and 57.7% in RIF and RPL groups, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between M‐MDSCs and TReg (p = .002, r = −.51).

Conclusions

Our preliminary data allowed us to build a predictive model that may aid as a potential diagnostic tool in the clinic. These findings could provide a better understanding of these pathologies and a better definition of patients that could benefit from personalized treatments to promote pregnancy. Additional exploration and confirmation in distinct study groups are needed to fully assess the diagnostic capabilities of this biomarker.
Comparisons of distributions of Australian mental health scores
Authors: Gunawan D. , Griffiths William E. , Chotikapanich D.
Published: October 2023

Bayesian non‐parametric estimates of Australian distributions of mental health scores are obtained to assess how the mental health status of the population has changed over time, and to compare the mental health status of female/male and Aboriginal/non‐Aboriginal population subgroups. First‐order and second‐order stochastic dominance are used to compare distributions, with results presented in terms of the posterior probability of dominance and the posterior probability of no dominance. If a criterion for dominance is satisfied, then, in terms of that criterion, the mental health status of the dominant population is superior to that of the dominated population. If neither distribution is dominant, then the mental health status of neither population is superior in the same sense. Our results suggest mental health has deteriorated in recent years, that males' mental health status is better than that of females, and that non‐Aboriginal health status is better than that of the Aboriginal population.
Care and the academy: Navigating fieldwork, funding and care responsibilities
Authors: Cox Rosie , Hope Jessica , Jenkins Katy , Ray Charlotte
Published: October 2023

This commentary reflects on research jointly conducted by the Development Geographies Research Group (DevGRG) and the Gender and Feminist Geographies Research Group (GFGRG) of the RGS‐IBG, which aimed to understand the challenges faced by academics with care responsibilities. We set out the effects of research funding policies and practices on researchers' ability to combine careers as academic geographers with care responsibilities, highlighting the specific effects in a field‐based subject such as Geography. We gathered data about a range of research funders' policies and how these are implemented (in various ways) in UK Geography departments. We also surveyed all UK university Geography departments to understand experiences of parental and adoption leave, including support from employers, impacts on career progression, and recommendations for support. Our data show that there is a need for a more consistent and comprehensive approach to recognising the costs of academics' caring responsibilities, to support their career progression and to mitigate the impacts disproportionately experienced by women. Funders and higher education institutes (HEIs) need to work collaboratively to develop policies and practices to address the individualised way in which (predominantly female) academics currently experience navigating the provision of funding for parental leave, and for covering costs of care during fieldwork. Our research highlights the need for consistent and progressive policies in relation to care and parental leave across all funding bodies – that can subsequently be embedded into institutional frameworks – in order to provide equity and consistency for staff across the UK higher education (HE) sector. We also emphasise the need for these policies to be more visible and transparent, making the task of navigating them more manageable for staff at an often uncertain time in their working lives.
The political foundation of mainstream media trust in East and Southeast Asia: A cross‐national analysis
Authors: Chang Alex Chuan‐hsien , Tang Yen‐Chen
Published: October 2023

Declining levels of trust in the media in Western democracies have drawn the attention of political scientists, but much less attention has been paid to East Asia. This paper sets out to examine the logic behind media trust in three different types of regimes in East and Southeast Asia: countries with, partial, and no press freedom, respectively. Our findings show that while respondents' trust in government and support for socioideological control of the government have consistent and significant associations with their media trust across all 12 countries, Internet usage, online political participation, support for media censorship, and patriotic belief have different associations with the variable being studied as the degree of press freedom varies. The findings indicate that citizens are well aware of the role mass media plays in the political system and thus their trust in the media reflects the expectation‐perception gap of the government‐media relationship accordingly.
Voter's gratification in using online news and the implications on political landscape in Malaysia
Authors: Alivi Mumtaz Aini
Published: October 2023

In recent years, democratic societies have relied heavily on online news to enlighten the public on current issues in politics. This study investigates voters' gratification in using online news and its implication on the political landscape. This study examined how information seeking, social utility, guidance/judgment, and personal fulfillment drawn from the Uses and Gratification theory, change Malaysians' voting decisions. The survey included a sample of 700 registered voters from the Malaysian Klang Valley. The data were gathered using convenience and purposive sampling using nonprobability sampling technique. Analysis from Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS 3.0 demonstrated that information seeking, social utility, guidance, and personal fulfillment could positively determine the people's vote choice. Using online news for guidance is the strongest predictor of the people's vote choice. This study provides important implications where the government can capitalize on the effectiveness of online media to reach the public and rationalize major policy decisions. Future research may utilize a longitudinal approach.
Corporate power and democracy: A business ethical reflection and research agenda
Authors: Kroll Christian Martin , Edinger‐Schons Laura Marie
Published: October 2023

Corporations significantly influence the public and political spheres. In light of this corporate power in society, academics have criticized the lack of legitimization (i.e., the legitimacy gap) and highlighted a potential divergence between corporate resource allocation and the needs and preferences of the public (i.e., the social issues gap). To address these problems, democratizing organizations has been proposed as a potential solution. In line with this, the authors argue that an increase in corporate power outside the economic realm should be counterbalanced by more democratic corporate governance (i.e., an internalization of democracy). While important groundwork exists, academic attention to these topics remains limited. The authors provide an overview of the literature linking corporate power and the claim for democratizing organizations, advocate for legitimization, identify research gaps, and develop a research agenda to inspire and guide future research efforts. The paper's findings suggest the importance of conceptual and empirical research on the micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐levels and the cross‐level effects, which is needed to advance this incipient research area. Future research must (1) clearly define corporate power and discuss how democratizing organizations can contribute to more legitimate organizational decisions, (2) unveil novel approaches for more democratic corporate governance, and (3) understand the organizational‐ and individual‐level factors necessary for the successful realization of democratic organizations.
Insight into the mechanism of CD34+ cell mobilisation impairment in multiple myeloma patients treated with anti‐CD38 therapy
Authors: Venglar Ondrej , Kapustova Veronika , Anilkumar Sithara Anjana , Zihala David , Muronova Ludmila , Sevcikova Tereza , Vrana Jan , Vdovin Alexander , Radocha Jakub , Krhovska Petra , Hrdinka Matous , Turjap Michal , Popkova Tereza , Chyra Zuzana , Broskevicova Lucie , Simicek Michal , Koristek Zdenek , Hajek Roman , Jelinek Tomas
Published: October 2023

Induction therapy followed by CD34+ cell mobilisation and autologous transplantation represents standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM). However, the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab have been associated with mobilisation impairment, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different regimens (dara‐VCd, isa‐KRd and VTd) on CD34+ cells using flow cytometry and transcriptomics. Decreased CD34+ cell peak concentration and yields, longer collection and delayed engraftment were reproduced after dara‐VCd/isa‐KRd versus VTd induction in 34 patients in total. Using flow cytometry, we detected major changes in the proportion of apheresis product and bone marrow CD34+ subsets in patients treated with regimens containing anti‐CD38 therapy; however, without any decrease in CD38high B‐lymphoid progenitors in both materials. RNA‐seq of mobilised CD34+ cells from 21 patients showed that adhesion genes are overexpressed in CD34+ cells after dara‐VCd/isa‐KRd and JCAD, NRP2, MDK, ITGA3 and CLEC3B were identified as potential target genes. Finally, direct in vitro effect of isatuximab in upregulating JCAD and CLEC3B was confirmed by quantitative PCR. These findings suggest that upregulated adhesion‐related interactions, rather than killing of CD34+ cells by effector mechanisms, could be leading causes of decreased mobilisation efficacy in MM patients treated with anti‐CD38 therapy.
Meloxicam treatment disrupts the regional structure of innate inflammation sites by targeting the pro‐inflammatory effects of prostanoids
Authors: Schäufele Tim J. , Kolbinger Anja , Friedel Joschua , Gurke Robert , Geisslinger Gerd , Weigert Andreas , Pierre Sandra , Scholich Klaus
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely prescribed drugs in the world due to their analgesic, antipyretic and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, NSAIDs inhibit prostanoid synthesis, interfering with their pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory functions and potentially prolonging acute inflammation.

Experimental Approach

We used high‐content immunohistochemistry to define the impact of meloxicam treatment on spatially separated pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory processes during innate inflammation in mice induced by zymosan. This allowed us to determine the effect of meloxicam treatment on the organization of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory microenvironments, thereby identifying relevant changes in immune cell localization, recruitment and activation.

Key Results

Meloxicam treatment reduced zymosan‐induced thermal hypersensitivity at early time points but delayed its resolution. High‐content immunohistochemistry revealed that the pro‐inflammatory area was smaller after treatment, diminishing neutrophil recruitment, M1‐like macrophage polarization, and especially phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. The polarization of macrophages towards the M2‐like anti‐inflammatory phenotype was unaffected, and the number of anti‐inflammatory eosinophils actually increased.

Conclusion and Implications

High‐content immunohistochemistry was able to identify relevant meloxicam‐mediated effects on inflammatory processes based on alterations in the regional structure of inflammation sites. Meloxicam delayed the clearance of pathogens by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory processes, causing prolonged inflammation. Our data suggest that the prescription of NSAIDs as a treatment during an acute pathogen‐driven inflammation should be reconsidered in patients with compromised immune systems.
Finding navigation cues near fishways
Authors: Elings Jelger , Bruneel Stijn , Pauwels Ine S. , Schneider Matthias , Kopecki Ianina , Coeck Johan , Mawer Rachel , Goethals Peter L. M.
Published: October 2023

Many fish species depend on migration for various parts of their life cycle. Well‐known examples include diadromous fish such as salmon and eels that need both fresh water and salt water to complete their life cycle. Migration also occurs within species that depend only on fresh water. In recent decades, anthropogenic pressures on freshwater systems have increased greatly, and have resulted, among other effects, in drastic habitat fragmentation. Fishways have been developed to mitigate the resulting habitat fragmentation, but these are not always effective. To improve fishway efficiency, the variety of navigation cues used by fish must be better understood: fish use a multitude of sensory inputs ranging from flow variables to olfactory cues. The reaction of a fish is highly dependent on the intensity of the cue, the fish species involved, and individual traits. Recently developed monitoring technologies allow us to gain insights into different combinations of environmental and physiological conditions. By combining fish behavioural models with environmental models, interactions among these components can be investigated. Several methods can be used to analyse fish migration, with state‐space models, hidden Markov models, and individual‐based models potentially being the most relevant since they can use individual data and can tie them to explicit spatial locations within the considered system. The aim of this review is to analyse the navigational cues used by fish and the models that can be applied to gather knowledge on these processes. Such knowledge could greatly improve the design and operation of fishways for a wider range of fish species and conditions.
L'Enquête nationale sur les femmes et les filles autochtones disparues et assassinées au Canada: Explorer la relation entre l'existence de critiques externes et la prise de parole des témoins lors des audiences communautaires
Authors: Rousseau Audrey , Chartrand Louis
Published: October 2023

Faced with the alarming rates of disappearances and murders of Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people in Canada and in response to the demands of victims' families and Indigenous women's associations, the Canadian government set up the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2016–2019). Its mandate: to identify the systemic causes of violence and produce effective recommendations to remedy them. From its announcement and during the course of its work, the inquiry faced a great deal of criticism, particularly from families and Indigenous women's associations, undermining the trust of many in the commissioners and in the process. It was thus against the backdrop of those brewing tensions that many people affected by the violence came forward to tell their stories at community hearings held across the country. As we consider public testimony to be a vector of social agency for these witnesses, we ask how external critiques conveyed in the media sphere influenced these narrative spaces internal to the inquiry. Through the use of computer‐assisted text analysis (based in textometry) applied on a corpus of transcripts from the fifteen community hearings, we were able to identify the presence of certain criticisms, which occupied a relatively small space in the hearings. What's more, our explorations enabled us to reveal that witnesses bore a dual responsibility: to tell their story and to avoid downgrading the investigation in progress.
The sesquiterpene lactone mix: A review of past, present and future aspects
Authors: Paulsen Evy
Published: October 2023

The sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are secondary plant metabolites, which are widespread in the Compositae/Asteraceae plant family. The first SLs were detected more than 100 years ago, and allergic contact dermatitis from Compositae has been reported since the beginning of the 1900s, but it was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that a collaboration between dermatologists, chemists and botanists led to the detection of SLs as the main allergens of Compositae plants. In the 1980s, the SL mix, consisting of equimolar amounts of alantolactone, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, was developed as a screening agent for Compositae sensitisation. Today, after inclusion of SL mix in the baseline series, the mean prevalence of reactions in Europe is around 1%, and in North America 0.8%. In countries outside Europe and North America, the prevalence ranges between 0% and 10.7%. The detection rate of SL mix is lower than that of some plant extracts, and ideally, SL mix should be supplemented with a mix of SLs from locally prevalent allergenic plants. The prevalence of positive reactions to SL mix suggests continued baseline testing in most European countries, North America, New Zealand, Australia and probably some Chinese centres.
Colonoscopic‐assisted laparoscopic wedge resection versus segmental colon resection for benign colonic polyps: a comparative cost analysis
Authors: Hanevelt Julia , Leicher Laura W. , Moons Leon M. G. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Huisman Jelle F. , van Westreenen Henderik L. , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H.
Published: October 2023

Aim

The colonoscopic‐assisted laparoscopic wedge resection (CAL‐WR) is proven to be an effective and safe alternative to a segmental colon resection (SCR) for large or complex benign colonic polyps that are not eligible for endoscopic removal. This analysis aimed to evaluate the costs of CAL‐WR and compare them to the costs of an SCR.

Method

A single‐centre 90‐day ‘in‐hospital’ comparative cost analysis was performed on patients undergoing CAL‐WR or SCR for complex benign polyps between 2016 and 2020. The CAL‐WR group consisted of 44 patients who participated in a prospective multicentre study (LIMERIC study). Inclusion criteria were (1) endoscopically unresectable benign polyps; (2) residual or recurrence after previous polypectomy; or (3) irradically resected low risk pT1 colon carcinoma. The comparison group, which was retrospectively identified, included 32 patients who underwent an elective SCR in the same period.

Results

Colonoscopic‐assisted laparoscopic wedge resection was associated with significantly fewer complications (7% in the CAL‐WR group vs. 45% in the SCR group, P < 0.001), shorter operation time (50 min in the CAL‐WR group vs. 119 min in the SCR group, P < 0.001), shorter length of hospital stay (median length of stay 2 days in the CAL‐WR group vs. 4 days in the SCR group, P < 0.001) and less use of surgical resources (reduction in costs of 32% per patient), resulting in a cost savings of €2372 (£2099 GBP) per patient (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Given the clinical and financial benefits, CAL‐WR should be recommended for complex benign polyps that are not eligible for endoscopic resection before major surgery is considered.
Participatory Design for Cognitive Science: Examples From the Learning Sciences and Human−Computer Interaction
Authors: Chan Jenny Yun‐Chen , Nagashima Tomohiro , Closser Avery H.
Published: October 2023

Given the recent call to strengthen collaboration between researchers and relevant practitioners, we consider participatory design as a way to advance Cognitive Science. Building on examples from the Learning Sciences and Human−Computer Interaction, we (a) explore what, why, who, when, and where researchers can collaborate with community members in Cognitive Science research; (b) examine the ways in which participatory‐design research can benefit the field; and (c) share ideas to incorporate participatory design into existing basic and applied research programs. Through this article, we hope to spark deeper discussions on how cognitive scientists can collaborate with community members to benefit both research and practice.
SCN4B inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with better prognosis
Authors: Ma Minting , Guo Bin , Lu Hongwei , Hong Lei
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of non‐small cell lung cancer with low a survival rate caused by metastasis. SCN4B encoding voltage‐gated sodium channel β subunit is regarded as a metastasis‐suppressor gene. We aim to explore how SCN4B influences the progression and prognosis of LUAD.

Methods

The gene expression profiles of 585 LUAD samples in TCGA and GSE31210, GSE116959, and GSE72094 datasets from the GEO database were downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes were obtained through the “limma” package. The “clusterProfiler” package was used to conduct GSEA. Survival analysis was conducted via “survival” and “survminer” packages. Transcription factors regulating SCN4B expression were screened by correlation analysis and further predicted by FIMO. Infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by CIBERSORT. ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate the immune‐related scores.

Results

SCN4B expressed higher in normal samples than in LUAD samples and higher in female samples than male samples. One hundred and twenty‐six pathways were significantly enriched between high and low SCN4B expression groups. Six transcription factors' expressions were positively related to SCN4B expression, and ChIP‐seq data from “Cistrome” verified that TAL1 and ERG might bind to the upstream sequence of SCN4B. SCN4B expression was significantly correlated with activated memory CD4 T cells, resting mast cells, and monocytes. TMB status, three scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm, and expression of three immune checkpoints showed significant differences between SCN4B high‐ and low‐expression groups. SCN4B could be considered as an independent prognostic signature of LUAD patients that higher expression represents a better prognosis.

Conclusion

SCN4B expresses higher in normal samples, and SCN4B is able to be an independent prognostic signature for LUAD patients. TAL1 and ERG may regulate the expression of SCN4B by binding its upstream sequences. Our research is valuable in improving the effectiveness of treatment in LUAD.
Isolation of Epstein‐Barr virus‐deoxyribonucleic acid in the lower respiratory tract for distinguishing critically ill patients from those with influenza‐associated pneumonia: A pilot study
Authors: Bai Yu , Guo Yinqun , Chen Xi , Yang Chunxia , Gu Li
Published: October 2023

Background

When influenza A‐related pneumonia is complicated by bacteria, aspergillus, and other infections, the disease is aggravated, while there is no research on the role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) on patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the isolation of EBV and influenza A‐related pneumonia.

Methods

This is a clinical study based on the baseline data of a retrospective cohort. A total of 113 cases of influenza A‐related pneumonia who underwent polymerase chain reaction test for isolation of EBV‐DNA in lower respiratory tract specimens during six influenza seasons from 2013–2014 to 2018–2019 were enrolled. According to the results of EBV‐DNA, patients were divided into EBV‐positive group and EBV‐negative group, and the role of EBV‐DNA on patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia was analyzed. Regression analysis was used to explore the potential risk factors for the development of moderate‐to‐severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia during hospitalization.

Results

Among 113 patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia, there were 53 patients with EBV‐positive and 60 patients with EBV‐negative. The EBV‐positive group had higher intensive care unit admission rate, hospital stay, invasive mechanical ventilation rate, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rate, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and moderate‐to‐severe ARDS rate. Patients were divided into severe group and mild group. Patients in severe group had lower lymphocyte count, platelet count, and albumin level, while the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin were higher in severe group. The levels of D‐dimer, serum ferritin, C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin were higher in severe group than those in the mild group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the isolation of EBV (odds ratio = 2.713, 95% confidence interval: 1.094–6.729, P = 0.031) and lymphocyte count (odds ratio = 3.585, 95% confidence interval: 1.157–11.101, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for moderate‐to‐severe ARDS in patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia.

Conclusion

The isolation rate of EBV in the lower respiratory tract was 46.9%. The length of hospital stays, intensive care unit admission rate, invasive mechanical ventilation rate, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rate, SOFA score, and the proportion of moderate‐to‐severe ARDS in the EBV‐positive group were higher than those in the EBV‐negative group, while there was no effect on the death during hospitalization. The isolation of EBV in the lower respiratory tract and low lymphocyte count are independent risk factors for the development of moderate‐to‐severe ARDS in patients with influenza A‐related pneumonia.
Pulmonary hemodynamics before and after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Biedermann Philipp , Sitte‐Koch Vanessa , Schweiger Martin , Meinold Anke , Quandt Daniel , Kretschmar Oliver , Balmer Christian , Knirsch Walter
Published: October 2023

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may limit the outcome of pediatric heart transplantation (pHTx). We evaluated pulmonary hemodynamics in children undergoing pHTx.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, single‐center, observational study analyzing pulmonary hemodynamics in children undergoing pHTx.

Results

Twenty‐three children (female 15) underwent pHTx at median (IQR) age of 3.9 (.9–8.2) years with a time interval between first clinical signs and pHTx of 1.1 (.4–3.2) years. Indications for pHTx included cardiomyopathy (CMP) (n = 17, 74%), congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 5, 22%), and intracardiac tumor (n = 1, 4%). Before pHTx, pulmonary hemodynamics included elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 26 (18.5–30) mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 19 (14–21) mmHg, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) 17 (13–22) mmHg. Transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG) was 6.5 (3.5–10) mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) 2.65 WU*m2 (1.87–3.19). After pHTx, at immediate evaluation 2 weeks after pHTx PAP decreased to 20.5 (17–24) mmHg, PCWP 14.5 (10.5–18) mmHg (p < .05), LVEDP 16 (12.5–18) mmHg, TPG 6.5 (4–12) mmHg, Rp 1.49 (1.08–2.74) WU*m2 resp.at last invasive follow up 4.0 (1.4–6) years after pHTx, to PAP 19.5 (17–21) mmHg (p < .05), PCWP 13 (10.5–14.5) mmHg (p < .05), LVEDP 13 (10.5–14) mmHg, TPG 7 (5–9.5) mmHg, Rp 1.58 (1.38–2.19) WU*m2 (p < .05). In CHD patients PAP increased (p < .05) after pHTx at immediate evaluation and decreased until last follow‐up (p < .05), while in CMP patients there was a continuous decline of mean PAP values immediately after HTx (p < .05).

Conclusions

While PH before pHTx is frequent, after pHTx the normalization of PH starts immediately in CMP patients but is delayed in CHD patients.
Accessible digital images: AltText guidelines for authors and museum professionals
Authors: Cecilia Rafie , Moussouri Theano , Fraser John
Published: October 2023

With this issue, Curator: The Museum Journal has now implemented a policy requiring that all images contained in manuscripts published in our journal will require AltText descriptions in the main manuscript. The format for these descriptions should appear after figure location recommendations and figure captions in the main manuscript, indicated by capturing the beginning and end of the text with specific code for the typesetting team, and highlighting all text to be included in the HTML file in a red highlight as follows:

Statue of Lincoln

The guidelines for developing AltText can be found on the journal's Author Guidelines  section of the website. This editorial provides a short description of the work that led to this new policy, the principles of access and inclusion that support this new policy, and offers detailed guidelines for authors to support their development of manuscripts.