bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buddhist Archaeology in Republican China: a New Relationship to the Past
Authors: Fraser Sarah E.
Published: February 2012

This chapter presents the text of a lecture on Buddhist archaeology in Republican China given at the British Academy's 2008 Elsley Zeitlyn Lecture on Chinese Archaeology and Culture. This texxt explains that Chinese archaeologists have transformed the notion of the nation and its artistic history with a series of dramatic discoveries during the Republican Period. It evaluates the impact of archaeological copies painted by Zhang Daqian and Wang Ziyun and explores how they rediscovered and popularised the history of early figure painting and pottery for a Republican audience.
Anthropology in the Territory of Rights, Islamic, Human, and Otherwise…
Authors: Abu-Lughod Lila
Published: February 2012

This chapter presents the text of a lecture on the anthropology in the territory of rights given at the British Academy's 2009 Radcliffe-Brown Lecture in Social Anthropology. This text discusses the transnational initiatives for Muslim women's rights and the everyday lives of some village women in Egypt and argues that anthropologists can provide critical insight into the limits and politics of global discourses on rights. It suggests that anthropologists should intervene into the worlds of power that authorise, shape, and naturalise rights work and the understandings of human social life to which it gives rise.
Shitao (1642–1707) and the Traditional Chinese Conception of Ruins
Authors: Hung Wu
Published: February 2012

This chapter presents the text of a lecture on Shitao and the traditional Chinese conception of ruins given at the British Academy's 2009 Aspects of Art Lecture. This text investigates the conception of ruins in traditional Chinese pictorial art focusing on the work of Chinese master Shitao. It traces the indigenous definitions of ruins as well as a broad variety of images related to the idea of ruination. It analyzes Shitao's Yellow Mountain paintings, and links his depictions of architectural ruins with the idea of qi or the strange or extraordinary phenomena.
Upholding Standards for Qualified Bilingual Staff
Authors: Amobi Adaugo
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint discusses ways to ensure the proficiency of bilingual communication among health care staff in patient-clinician encounters, such as language testing and use of professional interpreters.
Sexual Rehabilitation Needs of Gay and Bisexual Men With Cancer
Authors: Wheldon Christopher W.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of concentrating research efforts and clinical training on sexual and gender minority individuals who survive cancer, particularly on sexual rehabilitation.
Versatile Papertronics: Photo‐Induced Synapse and Security Applications on Papers
Authors: Choi Wangmyung , Shin Jihyun , Kim Yeong Jae , Hur Jaehyun , Jang Byung Chul , Yoo Hocheon
Published: June 2024

Paper is a readily available material in nature. Its recyclability, eco‐friendliness, portability, flexibility, and affordability make it a favored substrate for researchers seeking cost‐effective solutions. Electronic devices based on solution process are fabricated on paper and banknotes using PVK and SnO2 nanoparticles. The devices manufactured on paper substrates exhibit photosynaptic behavior under ultraviolet pulse illumination, stemming from numerous interactions on the surface of the SnO2 nanoparticles. A light‐modulated artificial synapse device is realized on a paper at a low voltage bias of −0.01 V, with an average recognition rate of 91.7% based on the Yale Face Database. As a security device on a banknote, 400 devices in a 20 × 20 array configuration exhibited random electrical characteristics owing to the local morphology of the SnO2 nanoparticles and differences in the depletion layer width at the SnO2/PVK interface. The security Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) key based on the current distribution extracted at −1 V show unpredictable reproducibility with 50% uniformity, 48.7% inter‐Hamming distance, and 50.1% bit‐aliasing rates. Moreover, the device maintained its properties for more than 210 days under a curvature radius of 8.75 mm and bias and UV irradiation stress conditions.
Phase 1 study of the iodine absorption, safety, and tolerability of a 0.5% povidone‐iodine nasal spray (Nasodine)
Authors: Friedland Peter L. , Polasek Thomas M. , Topliss Duncan
Published: June 2024

Key points

PVP‐I is a widely used antiseptic but only recently proposed for intranasal use.

The extent of iodine absorption from available PVP‐I nasal products is unknown.

Iodine absorption from use of Nasodine (0.5% PVP‐I nasal spray) is not clinically significant.
BF2‐Bridged Azafulvene Dimer‐Based 1064 nm Laser‐Driven Superior Photothermal Agent for Deep‐Seated Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yang Mingwang , Ou Xinwen , Li Jianwei , Sun Jianwei , Zhao Zheng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Fan Jiangli , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2024

Small organic photothermal agents (PTAs) with absorption bands located in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window are highly desirable for effectively combating deep‐seated tumors. However, the rarely reported NIR‐II absorbing PTAs still suffer from a low molar extinction coefficient (MEC, ϵ), inadequate chemostability and photostability, as well as the high light power density required during the therapeutic process. Herein, we developed a series of boron difluoride bridged azafulvene dimer acceptor‐integrated small organic PTAs. The B‐N coordination bonds in the π‐conjugated azafulvene dimer backbone endow it the strong electron‐withdrawing ability, facilitating the vigorous donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) structure PTAs with NIR‐II absorption. Notably, the PTA namely OTTBF shows high MEC (7.21×104 M−1 cm−1), ultrahigh chemo‐ and photo‐stability. After encapsulated into water‐dispersible nanoparticles, OTTBF NPs can achieve remarkable photothermal conversion effect under 1064 nm irradiation with a light density as low as 0.7 W cm−2, which is the lowest reported NIR‐II light power used in PTT process as we know. Furthermore, OTTBF NPs have been successfully applied for in vitro and in vivo deep‐seated cancer treatments under 1064 nm laser. This study provides an insight into the future exploration of versatile D‐A‐D structured NIR‐II absorption organic PTAs for biomedical applications.
para‐Aminoazobenzenes—Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecules
Authors: Schatz Dominic , Baumert Marcel E. , Kersten Marie C. , Schneider Finn M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Hansmann Max M. , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: June 2024

Azobenzenes (ABs) are versatile compounds featured in numerous applications for energy storage systems, such as solar thermal storages or phase change materials. Additionally, the reversible one‐electron reduction of these diazenes to the nitrogen‐based radical anion has been used in battery applications. Although the oxidation of ABs is normally irreversible, 4,4’‐diamino substitution allows a reversible 2e− oxidation, which is attributed to the formation of a stable bis‐quinoidal structure. Herein, we present a system that shows a bipolar redox behaviour. In this way, ABs can serve not only as anolytes, but also as catholytes. The resulting redox potentials can be tailored by suitable amine‐ and ring‐substitution. For the first time, the solid‐state structure of the oxidized form could be characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Effects of dispositional greed and need for cognition on consumer judgments of cryptocurrency and stocks
Authors: Martin Brett A. S. , Chrysochou Polymeros , Strong Carolyn
Published: June 2024

The volatile cryptocurrency market offers investors the chance for substantial capital gains. In this research, we examine the role of dispositional greed and need for cognition (NFC) on judgments about crypto and stocks. Drawing on the dualistic model of passion, we examine two potential mediators of the effects: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000031, we examine two potential mediators of the effects: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). Following a preregistered survey (N = 258), we found that the effect of greed on crypto judgments was mediated by HP rather than OP. This result was replicated for stocks. The effect of NFC on attitudes was mediated by HP. The findings show that (1) dispositional greed and NFC offer insights into consumer judgments of crypto and stocks, (2) HP rather than OP mediates the effects of greed and NFC on crypto and share judgments, and (3) that the effects of dispositional greed and NFC on judgments is similar for crypto and stocks.
Construction of Boron Difluoride Complexes with Asymmetric N,N’‐Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Zhao Mengna , Ren Fangqin , Zhou Yifeng
Published: June 2024

Boron difluoride (BF2) complexes with asymmetrical N,N’‐bidentate ligands have received increasing attention due to their fascinating properties and broad applications. They are generally constructed in two steps: ligand formation, followed by boron complexation. This review focuses on categorizing these BF2 complexes based on the key synthetic strategies that have been applied in the ligand formation steps. The post‐functionalization, properties and applications of different types of BF2 complexes are presented. Their challenges and opportunities are also discussed. This should help the future rational design and synthesis of BF2 complexes with intriguing properties and practical applications.
Ficini Reaction with Acrylates for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Aminocyclobutanes
Authors: Robert Emma G. L. , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2024

The first Ficini reaction between ynamides and acrylates is reported herein. The reaction is catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 acting as a Lewis acid and is giving access to stable tri‐substituted aminocyclobutenes in high yield. The resulting products can be hydrogenated and epimerized under basic conditions or in presence of a Lewis acid, providing two distinct trans‐ aminocyclobutane monoester stereoisomers in high yield and diastereoisomeric ratio (up to quantitative yield and >99 : 1 dr).
Towards Synthetic Cells with Self‐Producing Energy
Authors: Hwang Sung‐Won , Kim Minha , Liu Allen P.
Published: June 2024

Autonomous generation of energy, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is critical for sustaining the engineered functionalities of synthetic cells constructed from the bottom‐up. In this mini‐review, we categorize studies on ATP‐producing synthetic cells into three different approaches: photosynthetic mechanisms, mitochondrial respiration mimicry, and utilization of non‐conventional approaches such as exploiting synthetic metabolic pathways. Within this framework, we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each approach and provide directions for future research endeavors. We also introduce a concept of building ATP‐generating synthetic organelle that will enable us to mimic cellular respiration in a simpler way than current strategies. This review aims to highlight the importance of energy self‐production in synthetic cells, providing suggestions and ideas that may help overcome some longstanding challenges in this field.
Behavioral weight loss treatment for adults with binge‐eating disorder: A qualitative analysis of patients' perspectives and experiences
Authors: Sonnenblick Ross M. , Liu Jianyi , Riddle Devyn R. , Manasse Stephanie M. , Forman Evan M. , Juarascio Adrienne S.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Understanding the perspectives of behavioral weight loss (BWL) participants could inform whether, how, and for whom BWL should be offered.

Method

All 126 participants in a clinical trial of BWL for adults with binge‐eating disorder (BED) and overweight/obesity were contacted about a qualitative study. 45 participants, 11 of whom had dropped out of the parent study, completed qualitative interviews. The interview guide was developed using data from a survey of providers who offer Health at Every Size and other weight‐neutral lifestyle interventions. Questions were phrased to invite even the most negative responses. Questions focused on participants' experiences of weight stigma during treatment, perceptions of BWL's calorie and WL goals, and opinions of BWL and weight‐neutral interventions.

Results

We identified four themes using thematic analysis: (1) BWL did not perpetuate weight stigma. (2) Calorie and WL goals did not exacerbate participants' binge eating. (3) Patients should have the right to pursue any treatment that aligns with their personal goals. (4) BWL can improve participants' overall health.

Discussion

BWL participants with BED and overweight/obesity want others to have access to a program that can reduce both weight and binge eating. Participants emphasized that no treatment works for everyone, and they all agreed that BWL had not perpetuated weight stigma. Fewer than 20% of participants considered the program's calorie and WL goals to be harmful; most participants viewed those goals as achievable and helpful, and many asserted that their participation in BWL had improved their overall health.

Public Significance

We interviewed adults with binge‐eating disorder and overweight/obesity who had participated in a behavioral weight loss (BWL) program. Our participants wanted others in their position to have access to BWL because it aims to reduce both weight and binge‐eating frequency. Efforts should be made to provide patients, clinicians, and policymakers with the knowledge that supervised, evidence‐based BWL is an effective and desired treatment choice for this population.
Metabolic Responses to High‐Fat Feeding and Chronic Psychological Stress Combination
Authors: Nemati Marzieh , Rostamkhani Fatemeh , Karbaschi Roxana , Zardooz Homeira
Published: June 2024

Introduction

High‐fat diet (HFD) consumption and being exposed to daily psychological stress, common environmental factors in modern lifestyle, play an important role on metabolic disorders such as glucose homeostasis impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high‐fat diet (HFD) and psychological stress combination on metabolic response to chronic psychological stress in male rats.

Method

Male Wistar rats were divided into HFD, and normal diet (ND) groups and then into stress and nonstress subgroups. The diets were applied for 5 weeks, and psychological stress was induced for 7 consecutive days. Then, blood samples were taken to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and leptin and corticosterone concentrations. Subsequently, glucose‐stimulated insulin release from pancreatic isolated islets was assessed.

Results

HFD did not significantly change fasting plasma glucose, insulin and corticosterone levels, whereas increased plasma leptin (7.05 ± 0.33) and FFA (p < 0.01) levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, HFD and stress combination induced more profound glucose intolerance associated with increased plasma corticosterone (p < 0.01) and leptin (8.63 ± 0.38) levels. However, insulin secretion from isolated islets did not change in the presence of high‐fat diet and/or stress.

Conclusion

HFD should be considered as an intensified factor of metabolic impairments caused by chronic psychological stress.
Squamous cell carcinoma of ear and temporal bone: A retrospective study on clinicopathological predictors
Authors: Li Wei , Tucker Bronwyn , Hu Zhan‐Dong , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Guo Xue‐Xi , Cai Wen‐Juan , Zhang Ming‐Fang , Han Ya‐Ting
Published: June 2024

Background

Ear and temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (ETBSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with minimal clinicopathological studies. The object of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the predictive effect of clinicopathological variables on the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of ETBSCC patients in a single tertiary medical center in Tianjin, China.

Methods

A cohort of 44 patients with diagnosed ETBSCC from December 2012 to August 2022 were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis were, respectively, performed for the assessment of clinicopathological predictors, including sex, age, history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), lesion side, diameter, the choice of surgical approach, parotidectomy, neck dissection, adjuvant therapies, T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, margin, perineural invasion (PNI), and Ki‐67 index.

Results

Seventeen females and 27 males were included, with the mean age of 65 years old, ranging from 36 to 89 years. The 5‐year OS rate was 43% (mean 51 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39–64). Significant prediction of a worse prognosis for 5‐year OS rate was observed under univariate analysis for advanced T stage, positive margin, identified PNI, and higher Ki‐67 index, respectively. Advanced T stage was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor strongly affecting 5‐year OS rate among this cohort of patients using a multivariate cox proportional hazard model.

Conclusion

We found that clinicopathological parameters, especially postoperative pathological parameters, play a critical role in predicting the prognosis of ETBSCC patients.
Non‐fullerene acceptors with heteroatom substitution on the core moiety for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Qi Feng , Fan Baobing , Fan Qunping , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: June 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) represent one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their high capacity to convert solar energy to electricity. With the continuous structure upgradation of photovoltaic materials, especially that of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the OPV field has witnessed rapid progress with power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 19%. However, it remains challenging to overcome the intrinsic trade‐off between the photocurrent and photovoltage, restricting the further promotion of the OPV efficiency. In this regard, it is urgent to further tailor the structure of NFAs to broaden their absorption spectra while mitigating the energy loss of relevant devices concomitantly. Heteroatom substitution on the fused‐ring π‐core of NFAs is an efficient way to achieve this goal. In addition to improve the near‐infrared light harvest by strengthening the intramolecular charge transfer, it can also enhance the molecular stacking via forming multiple noncovalent interactions, which is favorable for reducing the energetic disorder. Therefore, in this review we focus on the design rules of NFAs, including the polymerized NFAs, of which the core moiety is substituted by various kinds of heteroatoms. We also afford a comprehensive understanding on the structure–property−performance relationships of these NFAs. Finally, we anticipate the challenges restricting the efficiency promotion and industrial utilization of OPV, and provide potential solutions based on the further heteroatom optimization on NFA core‐moiety.

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Coincidence between the distribution of myofascial trigger points and the presence of blood vessels in the gastrocnemius muscle: Implications for invasive procedures
Authors: Velasco‐Fernández Patricia , Valera‐Garrido Fermín , Valderrama‐Canales Francisco J. , Minaya‐Muñoz Francisco , Herrero Pablo , Lapuente‐Hernández Diego
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The gastrocnemius venous system presents different anatomical variants. There have been described four locations of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in this muscle. However, no studies have analyzed the coincidence between vessels and MTrPs present in the gastrocnemius. Therefore, the main objective was to study the anatomical variability of the venous system by ultrasound and its coincidence with the location of the MTrPs.

Methods

A total of 100 lower limbs were studied. The gastrocnemius vessels were analyzed one by one by sector (medial, central, and lateral), quantifying the number of vessels, their distribution, and the coincidence with MTrPs.

Results

All muscle heads showed at least one vessel per section. A large variability was observed, from one to eight vessels per muscle head, with the most frequent number being three in the gastrocnemius medialis and two in the gastrocnemius lateralis. In all cases, the location of the vessels coincided with the MTrPs.

Conclusions

The proximal gastrocnemius venous pattern is very variable between subjects in number of vessels and distribution, which has made it impossible to define a “safe” approach window for invasive procedures without ultrasound guidance. The coincidence between the clinical location of MTrPs of the gastrocnemius and the presence of vessels is total.
Efficacy and safety of robotic liver surgery for the elderly: A propensity‐score matched analysis of short‐term outcomes with open liver surgery at a single center in Denmark
Authors: Fukumori Daisuke , Tschuor Christoph , Hamada Takashi , Penninga Luit , Hillingsø Jens , Svendsen Lars Bo , Nørgaard Larsen Peter
Published: June 2024

Background

The incidence of liver tumors requiring surgical treatment continues to increase in elderly patients. This study compared the short‐term results of robotic liver surgery (RLS) versus open liver surgery (OLS) for liver tumors in elderly patients.

Methods

A prospective database including all patients undergoing liver surgery at Copenhagen University Hospital between July 2019 and July 2022 was managed retrospectively. Short‐term surgical outcomes of the two main cohorts (OLS and RLS) and subgroups were compared using propensity score matching (PSM) in elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years) with liver tumors.

Results

A total of 42 matched patients from each group were investigated: the RLS group had significantly larger tumor diameters, less blood loss (821.2 vs. 155.2 mL, p < .001), and shorter hospital stays (6.6 vs. 3.4 days, p < .001). Overall morbidity was comparable, while operative times were longer in the RLS group. The advantages observed with the robotic approach were replicated in the subgroup of minor liver resections.

Conclusions

In patients ≥70 years, RLS for liver tumors results in significantly less blood loss and shorter hospital stays than OLS. RLS, especially minor liver resection, is safe and feasible in elderly patients with liver tumors.
Lagrangian relaxation for continuous‐time optimal control of coupled hydrothermal power systems including storage capacity and a cascade of hydropower systems with time delays
Authors: Ben Hammouda Chiheb , Rezvanova Eliza , von Schwerin Erik , Tempone Raúl
Published: June 2024

This work considers a short‐term, continuous time setting characterized by a coupled power supply system controlled exclusively by a single provider and comprising a cascade of hydropower systems (dams), fossil fuel power stations, and a storage capacity modeled by a single large battery. Cascaded hydropower generators introduce time‐delay effects in the state dynamics, which are modeled with differential equations, making it impossible to use classical dynamic programming. We address this issue by introducing a novel Lagrangian relaxation technique over continuous‐time constraints, constructing a nearly optimal policy efficiently. This approach yields a convex, nonsmooth optimization dual problem to recover the optimal Lagrangian multipliers, which is numerically solved using a limited memory bundle method. At each step of the dual optimization, we need to solve an optimization subproblem. Given the current values of the Lagrangian multipliers, the time delays are no longer active, and we can solve a corresponding nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) for the optimization subproblem. The HJB PDE solver provides both the current value of the dual function and its subgradient, and is trivially parallelizable over the state space for each time step. To handle the infinite‐dimensional nature of the Lagrange multipliers, we design an adaptive refinement strategy to control the duality gap. Furthermore, we use a penalization technique for the constructed admissible primal solution to smooth the controls while achieving a sufficiently small duality gap. Numerical results based on the Uruguayan power system demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mathematical models and numerical approach.
Robust data‐driven dynamic optimization using a set‐based gradient estimator
Authors: Kashani Ali , Panahi Shirin , Chakrabarty Ankush , Danielson Claus
Published: June 2024

This article presents an extremum‐seeking control (ESC) algorithm for unmodeled nonlinear systems with known steady‐state gain and generally non‐convex cost functions with bounded curvature. The main contribution of this article is a novel gradient estimator, which uses a polyhedral set that characterizes all gradient estimates consistent with the collected data. The gradient estimator is posed as a quadratic program, which selects the gradient estimate that provides the best worst‐case convergence of the closed‐loop Lyapunov function. We show that the polyhedral‐based gradient estimator ensures the stability of the closed‐loop system formed by the plant and optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the estimated gradient provably produces the optimal robust convergence. We demonstrate our ESC controller through three benchmark examples and one practical example, which shows our ESC has fast and robust convergence to the optimal equilibrium.
Multiple Approaches to “Appropriateness”: A Mixed‐Methods Study of Elementary Teachers' Dispositions Toward African American Language as They Teach a Dialect‐Shifting Curriculum
Authors: Maher Zachary , Mazzei Carolyn , Shockley Ebony Terrell , Thonesavanh Tatiana , Edwards Jan
Published: June 2024

Despite decades of sociolinguistic research, African American Language (AAL) remains stigmatized throughout the United States education system. There have been proposals to counteract this through curricula and/or ideological interventions targeted at teachers that seek to validate AAL while maintaining Dominant American English (DAE) as an educational target. However, such approaches have been criticized for giving limited attention to combating the racism that underlies much linguistic marginalization. We used a mixed‐methods approach to explore the benefits and limitations of a dialect‐shifting curriculum in shaping teachers' language ideologies. Participants (n = 40) were K‐1 teachers in a predominantly Black mid‐Atlantic city. They were participating in an efficacy study of a dialect‐shifting curriculum; schools were randomly assigned to teach the curriculum (intervention condition) or continue with business as usual. Before and after the intervention, teachers completed a survey of their language attitudes, and a subset (n = 16) participated in semi‐structured interviews. On the survey, teachers displayed more favorable attitudes toward language variation at the end of the school year, regardless of condition. The interviews revealed a range of perspectives, revealing a tension between a belief in the utility of DAE for their students and an understanding that many students will wish to use AAL in their communities. The curriculum provided shared vocabulary to discuss this tension and increased some teachers' acceptance of AAL in non‐academic settings, but many did not view dialect variation as relevant to their priorities as K‐1 teachers. These findings clarify the trade‐offs involved in work toward a more (linguistically) inclusive education system.
Bridging the Gap Transnationally—Coupling Migrants' Informal and Formal Business Activities Through Hybrid Business Models
Authors: David Alexandra , Terstriep Judith , Elo Maria
Published: June 2024

Multifocal practices allow transnational migrant entrepreneurs (TMEs) to access extended opportunity structures in diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). National and regional regulations, customer relations, market demands, networks, and country‐specific entrepreneurial statuses facilitate the strategic coupling of informal and formal business structures toward hybrid business models. However, “how” TMEs innovate and develop approaches to build from informal, formal business models in parallel across national borders remains largely underexplored. Our multiple case study presents three Polish–German TMEs who operate on a multifocal basis in different ecosystems. The longitude study of these entrepreneurs illustrates how transnational migrant businesses can change the owners' power dynamics, habitus, and feelings of belonging while counteracting social exclusion and self‐discrimination. Our study contributes to the theoretical debate by illuminating the pathway between informality and formality facilitated by migrant entrepreneurs' transnational business models and their multifocal practices, possibly turning into transnational embeddedness in two or more ecosystems.
Migrant Density, Migrant Diversity, and International Franchising: A Knowledge‐Based Perspective
Authors: Mornah Dekuwmini , Erenay Bulent
Published: June 2024

This paper explores how migrant density and diversity influence international franchising through a knowledge‐based perspective. Using data from the World Franchise Network and U.N. immigration statistics from 1993 to 2013, the study finds that higher migrant density positively impacts international franchising activities, suggesting that a substantial presence of migrants facilitates knowledge transfer and network benefits. Conversely, migrant diversity tends to have a negative effect, indicating potential challenges in harmonizing diverse knowledge bases. However, this diversity can also enhance the positive impact of migrant density on franchising, as it enriches the cultural and knowledge pool. These findings suggest that firms can leverage migrant communities for international franchising success by tapping into their networks and expertise, and that immigration policies could be tailored to support this dynamic. Managers should consider engaging with migrants to navigate cultural nuances and market entry barriers in foreign territories.
The effect of modifying the Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlook scale on perceived risk level
Authors: Reed Jacob
Published: June 2024

The National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlook (CO) is a flagship probability‐derived forecast product in the United States (US). Although much attention has been devoted to how the terminology and risk category labels and colours in the CO are ordered, no study has yet to evaluate how end‐user risk perception is affected by switching the colour scales from discrete to continuous. Results from an online survey of 1409 US adults show that perceived level of risk increases when the colour scale is modified from discrete to continuous, even if the underlying forecast data do not change.
Krylov complexity in quantum field theory, and beyond
Authors: Avdoshkin Alexander , Dymarsky Anatoly , Smolkin Michael
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study Krylov complexity in various models of quantum field theory: free massive bosons and fermions on flat space and on spheres, holographic models, and lattice models with a UV-cutoff. In certain cases, we observe asymptotic behavior in Lanczos coefficients that extends beyond the previously observed universality. We confirm that, in all cases, the exponential growth of Krylov complexity satisfies the conjectured inequality, which generalizes the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford bound on chaos. We discuss the temperature dependence of Lanczos coefficients and note that the relationship between the growth of Lanczos coefficients and chaos may only hold for the sufficiently late, truly asymptotic regime, governed by physics at the UV cutoff. Contrary to previous suggestions, we demonstrate scenarios in which Krylov complexity in quantum field theory behaves qualitatively differently from holographic complexity.
Holography on the quantum disk
Authors: Almheiri Ahmed , Popov Fedor K.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Motivated by recent study of DSSYK and the non-commutative nature of its bulk dual, we review and analyze an example of a non-commutative spacetime known as the quantum disk proposed by L. Vaksman. The quantum disk is defined as the space whose isometries are generated by the quantum algebra $$ {U}_q\left(\mathfrak{s}{\mathfrak{u}}_{1,1}\right) $$

U
q

s

u

1
,
1

. We review how this algebra is defined and its associated group SUq(1, 1) that it generates, highlighting its non-trivial coproduct that sources bulk non-commutativity. We analyze the structure of holography on the quantum disk and study the imprint of non-commutativity on the putative boundary dual.
The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats
Authors: Vendruscolo Leandro F. , Vendruscolo Janaina C.M. , Whiting Kimberly E. , Acri Jane B. , Volkow Nora D. , Koob George F.
Published: June 2024

Rationale

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a brain disorder for which there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, and psychiatric disorders.

Objective

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the mGlu5 receptor is functionally involved in intravenous cocaine self-administration and assessed the effects of sex and cocaine exposure history.

Methods

We used a preclinical model of CUD in rats that were allowed long access (LgA; 6 h/day) or short access (ShA; 1 h/day) to intravenous cocaine (750 µg/kg/infusion [0.1 ml]) self-administration. Rats received acute intraperitoneal or oral administration of the mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle.

Results

Both intraperitoneal and oral mavoglurant administration dose-dependently reduced intravenous cocaine self-administration in the first hour and in the entire 6 h session in rats in the LgA group, with no effect on locomotion. In the ShA group, mavoglurant decreased locomotion but had no effects on cocaine self-administration. We did not observe significant sex × treatment interactions.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the mGlu5 receptor is involved in escalated cocaine self-administration. These findings support the development of clinical trials of mavoglurant to evaluate its potential therapeutic benefits for CUD.
High-average-power 216 MHz Kerr lens mode-locked Yb:KGW ring laser oscillator for application to laser spectroscopy
Authors: Eilanlou A. Amani , Yoshino Yuki , Iwasaki Atsushi , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: June 2024

We report the development of a ring Yb:KGW laser oscillator with an average power of 4.22 W, a pulse duration of 312 fs at a repetition rate of 216 MHz. The ring laser oscillator is purely Kerr lens mode-locked (KLM) taking advantage of the high nonlinear refractive index of the laser crystal in spite of being pumped by a multimode laser diode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power obtained from a KLM ring Yb:KGW laser oscillator. Monitoring the repetition rate fluctuations after initial warm-up of the laser cavity, a peak to valley of only 354.28 Hz during 30 min of free-running operation has been achieved. This could make a free-running ring cavity a suitable light source for application to laser spectroscopy. Using the ring laser oscillator, we have measured the absorption of the second overtone of the $$\nu _1$$

ν
1

mode of NH$$_3$$

3

. We have also measured absorption spectra of the Yb:KGW crystal to evaluate the quality of the crystal affected by the doped impurities.
MRI-based radiomic features of the urinary bladder wall identify patients with moderate-to-severe international prostate symptom score
Authors: Shahait Mohammed , Usamentiaga Ruben , Tong Yubing , Sandberg Alex , Lee David I. , Udupa Jayaram K. , Torigian Drew A.
Published: June 2024

Background

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a patient-reported measurement to assess the lower urinary tract symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder outlet obstruction induces molecular and morphological alterations in the urothelium, suburothelium, detrusor smooth muscle cells, detrusor extracellular matrix, and nerves. We sought to analyze MRI-based radiomics features of the urinary bladder wall and their association with IPSS.

Method

In this retrospective study, 87 patients who had pelvic MRI scans were identified. A biomarker discovery approach based on the optimal biomarker (OBM) method was used to extract features of the bladder wall from MR images, including morphological, intensity-based, and texture-based features, along with clinical variables. Mathematical models were created using subsets of features and evaluated based on their ability to discriminate between low and moderate-to-severe IPSS (less than 8 vs. equal to or greater than 8).

Results

Of the 7,666 features per patient, four highest-ranking optimal features were derived (all texture-based features), which provided a classification accuracy of 0.80 with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81, 0.81, and 0.87, respectively.

Conclusion

A highly independent set of urinary bladder wall features derived from MRI scans were able to discriminate between patients with low vs. moderate-to-severe IPSS with accuracy of 80%. Such differences in MRI-based properties of the bladder wall in patients with varying IPSS’s might reflect differences in underlying molecular and morphological alterations that occur in the setting of chronic bladder outlet obstruction.
Kortikosteroide und adrenocorticotropes Hormon bei Epilepsien der frühen Kindheit jenseits des Säuglingsalters
Authors: Korinthenberg Rudolf , Bast Thomas , Haberlandt Edda , Stephani Ulrich , Strzelczyk Adam , Rücker Gerta
Published: June 2024

In diesem Bericht fassen wir die Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews (SR) zusammen, in dem Daten zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von ACTH (adrenocorticotropes Hormon) und Kortikosteroiden (KST) bei Kindern mit anderen Epilepsien als dem infantilen epileptischen Spasmussyndrom (IESS) ausgewertet wurden, die auf Anfallssuppressiva (ASM) nicht angesprochen hatten. Der SR umfasste retrospektive und prospektive Studien, die über mehr als 5 Patienten berichteten und klare Falldefinitionen sowie Beschreibungen der Behandlung und der Ergebnisse enthielten. Achtunddreißig (2 kontrollierte und 5 unkontrollierte prospektive, 31 retrospektive) Studien mit 1152 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen. Die Metaanalyse der aggregierten Daten zur Anfallsreduktion > 50 % und zur Verringerung der EEG(Elektroenzephalogramm)-Spikes am Ende der Initialbehandlung ergab gepoolte Raten (PR) von 0,60 (95 %-KI [Konfidenzintervall] 0,52–0,67) und 0,56 (95 %-KI 0,43–0,68). Die Rückfallquote war hoch (PR 0,33, 95 %-KI 0,27–0,40). Subgruppenanalysen und eine Metaregression zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den eingesetzten Substanzen, eine etwas bessere Wirkung bei entwicklungsbedingter und/oder epileptischer Enzephalopathie mit Spike-and-Wave-Aktivierung im Schlaf (DEE-SWAS) und eine schwächere Wirkung bei Patienten mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung und „symptomatischer“ Ätiologie. Die Höhe der kumulativen Dosis der initialen Behandlungsphase hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Behandlungsergebnisse. Adipositas und Cushing-Syndrom waren die häufigsten unerwünschten Wirkungen, die oft in Studien mit kontinuierlicher ACTH- (PR 0,73, 95 %-KI 0,48–0,89) oder KST-Gabe (PR 0,72, 95 %-KI 0,54–0,85), aber selten bei intermittierender intravenöser oder oraler KST-Gabe (PR 0,05, 95 %-KI 0,02–0,10) auftraten. Die Aussagekraft dieser Ergebnisse wird durch ein hohes Verzerrungsrisiko der meisten eingeschlossenen Studien und eine große Heterogenität zwischen den Studiendaten eingeschränkt. Der volle SR wurde unter https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17918 publiziert.
Mapping Educational uncertainty stimuli to support health professions educators’ in developing learner uncertainty tolerance
Authors: Lazarus Michelle D. , Gouda-Vossos Amany , Ziebell Angela , Parasnis Jaai , Mujumdar Swati , Brand Gabrielle
Published: June 2024

Uncertainty is a feature of healthcare practice. In recognition of this, multiple health profession governing bodies identify uncertainty tolerance as a healthcare graduate attribute and evaluate uncertainty tolerance within new graduate cohorts. While it is clear that uncertainty tolerance development for healthcare learners is valued, gaps remain for practically addressing this within healthcare curricula. Guiding frameworks for practical approaches supporting uncertainty tolerance development in healthcare learners remains sparse, particularly outside of medicine and in certain geographical locations. As uncertainty tolerance is increasingly recognised as being, at least in part, state-based (e.g. contextually changeable)– a broader understanding of teaching practices supporting uncertainty tolerance development in diverse health professions is warranted. This study explored educators’ teaching practices for purposefully stimulating learners’ uncertainty tolerance. Semi-structured interviews investigated how academics at a single institution, from diverse fields and health professions, stimulate uncertainty across multiple learning contexts. Framework analysis identified three themes for stimulating uncertainty: Purposeful questioning, Forecasting uncertainty, and Placing learners in unfamiliar environments, with characterisation of these themes (and related subthemes) also described. Many of the identified themes align with aspects of existing learning theories suggesting that curricular frameworks supporting learner uncertainty tolerance development may be informed by theories beyond the boundaries of health professions education research.
Growing deviations between elite and non-elite media coverage of climate change in the United States
Authors: Bolstad Parker , Victor David G.
Published: June 2024

Empirical research aimed at understanding public awareness and opinion on climate change has focused heavily on media coverage. Nearly all prior media studies focus on the United States and on a small number of elite news sources, notably the national newspapers of record. To widen the aperture, we take advantage of a database (MediaCloud) that covers a much larger array of print and word media: 168 million articles about all subjects, derived from 9000 unique U.S. news sources. Coverage of climate change from the “heartland” sources—dominated by state and local news outlets far from the headquarters of national newspapers of record—has risen 144% from 2011 until 2022. Elite news coverage, however, has risen at twice that pace (299%). Over time, the propensity to cover climate change has diverged. In 2011 there were 104 days when the heartland news sources had more coverage of climate change than elite news outlets such as The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. By 2022 there were only 11 such days. That year, elite news outlets produced roughly three times the coverage of climate change as heartland news outlets. We also find some differences in the topics covered by these two categories of news sources. Such disparities in the intensity of attention to climate change, along with apparently more subtle variations in topical coverage, are variations that deserve future explanation. They are also a reminder that analysis of climate coverage should choose data sources with care since the narrative around what the public is learning about climate appears to vary substantially between heartland and elite new sources.
The introduction of a software application intended for quality work in four Swedish preschools
Authors: Elm Amelie , Bergström Peter , Pettersson Daniel
Published: June 2024

This study explores practitioners’ beliefs and experiences of education, socialisation and care and their impact on the introduction of a software application for quality work in early childhood education. Based on field notes, audio recordings and follow-up semi-structured interviews in four Swedish preschools, it explores how teachers’ beliefs and experiences frame and are framed by the introduction of a software application by an EdTech company. The findings show that preschool teachers perceived the software as disruptive to their established beliefs and practices, despite efforts to align it with the preschool curriculum’s goals. It also highlights the challenges that practitioners faced in understanding and implementing the software, the importance of peer discussions and time for reflection. The study’s conclusions emphasise the importance of a thorough introduction, peer support and opportunities for reflection when introducing software in preschool settings. It also stresses the need to align software implementation with practitioners’ beliefs and experiences to facilitate a successful adoption. In addition, the study highlights the role of ongoing professional development in managing technological change in early childhood education.
A systematic review of emotional design research in multimedia learning
Authors: Mutlu-Bayraktar Duygu
Published: June 2024

This study provides a current systematic review of emotional design research in the multimedia learning domain and explores how emotional design is studied in multimedia learning. All studies on emotional design in multimedia learning published until 2023 were examined thoroughly. In this study, 51 journal articles were identified based on PRISMA guidelines and reviewed regarding emotional state parameters, emotional design techniques, emotional and other measurements, learning materials, research methodologies, and learning outcomes. The analysis provided several salient findings. Firstly, there has been growing interest in emotional design. Secondly, the impact of emotional design on learning outcomes, emotional states, motivation, and cognitive load was explored. Thirdly, most studies preferred subjective measurements or indirect objective measurements. Fourthly, there was a tendency to examine the effects of shape and color elements in the emotional design techniques. Lastly, the studies reported contradictory results on learning outcomes but agreed that emotional design had a positive impact on motivation and emotional state. This review highlights research gaps and provides recommendations for future studies in the field of emotional design in multimedia learning.
Max Weber’s Verstehende Soziologie and Florian Znaniecki’s Cultural Sociology: A Discussion of Two Distinct but Related Notions
Authors: Segre Sandro
Published: June 2024

This article compares Weber’s notion of Verstehende Soziologie with Znaniecki’s concepts of humanistic coefficient and cultural sociology. While both authors follow an interpretive perspective and agree that the specific object of sociological inquiry is social action, they diverge in their conceptions of social action and in their definition of sociology and its methods and aims. For, in contrast to Znaniecki, Weber holds that sociology aims not only to understand social action, but also to explain it. Social action, moreover, is differently defined according to whether it is oriented to the conduct of others, as with Weber, or aims to exert influence on others, as with Znaniecki. As for their respective methods of inquiry, Znaniecki proposes to reconstruct the actor’s experiences and viewpoints, while Weber advocates the formulation of generic ideal types for the purposes of describing and explaining social and historical courses of events. Finally, the study of the social order belongs to the cultural sciences, according to Znaniecki. For Weber, the social order is sociological, and follows from the prevalence of consensual action in particular communities such as the market or language communities. Otherwise, its prevalence should not be taken for granted.