bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted supramolecular‐solvent‐based microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of chlorophenols in environmental water samples
Authors: Karimiyan Hanieh , Hadjmohammadi Mohammadreza
Published: October 2016

An efficient, inexpensive and environmentally benign ultrasound‐assisted supramolecular‐solvent‐based microextraction technique combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples. Different factors such as amount of decanoic acid, volume of tetrahydrofuran, pH of the sample, ultrasound time and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The optimized extraction conditions were 60 mg decanoic acid, 1.5 mL tetrahydrofuran, 3 min ultrasound time, without salt addition. Under this condition, the extraction recoveries were 83.0–89.3 with preconcentration factors of 94–102. The calibration curves were linear from 5.0–400.0 ng/mL with square of the correlation coefficient higher than 0.9998 and the limits of detection were between 1.5–2.0 ng/mL. The values of intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were 3.2–6.0 and 7.3–8.0%, respectively. Analysis of different samples showed that the concentration of 2,5‐dichlorophenol in Babolrood river water was 80.6 ng/mL.
A family of genus‐specific RNAs in tandem with DNA‐binding proteins control expression of the badA major virulence factor gene in Bartonella henselae
Authors: Tu Nhan , Carroll Ronan K. , Weiss Andy , Shaw Lindsey N. , Nicolas Gael , Thomas Sarah , Lima Amorce , Okaro Udoka , Anderson Burt
Published: October 2016

Bartonella henselae is a gram‐negative zoonotic bacterium that causes infections in humans including endocarditis and bacillary angiomatosis. B. henselae has been shown to grow as large aggregates and form biofilms in vitro. The aggregative growth and the angiogenic host response requires the trimeric autotransporter adhesin BadA. We examined the transcriptome of the Houston‐1 strain of B. henselae using RNA‐seq revealing nine novel, highly‐expressed intergenic transcripts (Bartonella regulatory transcript, Brt1‐9). The Brt family of RNAs is unique to the genus Bartonella and ranges from 194 to 203 nucleotides with high homology and stable predicted secondary structures. Immediately downstream of each of the nine RNA genes is a helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding protein (transcriptional regulatory protein, Trp1‐9) that is poorly transcribed under the growth conditions used for RNA‐seq. Using knockdown or overexpressing strains, we show a role of both the Brt1 and Trp1 in the regulation of badA and also in biofilm formation. Based on these data, we hypothesize that Brt1 is a trans‐acting sRNA that also serves as a cis‐acting riboswitch to control the expression of badA. This family of RNAs together with the downstream Trp DNA‐binding proteins represents a novel coordinated regulatory circuit controlling expression of virulence‐associated genes in the bartonellae.
Solution of the Ulam stability problem for Euler–Lagrange–Jensen k‐quintic mappings
Authors: Mohiuddine S. A. , Rassias John Michael , Alotaibi Abdullah
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we are introducing pertinent Euler–Lagrange–Jensen type k‐quintic functional equations and investigate the ‘Ulam stability’ of these new k‐quintic functional mappings f:X→Y, where X is a real normed linear space and Y a real complete normed linear space. We also solve the Ulam stability problem for Euler–Lagrange–Jensen alternative k‐quintic mappings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivation, treatment engagement and psychosocial outcomes in outpatients with severe mental illness: a test of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Jochems Eline C. , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , van Dam Arno , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina M. , Mulder Cornelis L.
Published: October 2016

Currently, it is unclear whether Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) applies to the mental health care of patients with severe mental illness (SMI). Therefore, the current study tested the process model of SDT in a sample of outpatients with SMI. Participants were 294 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or a personality disorder and their clinicians (n = 57). Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships between autonomy support, perceived competence, types of motivation, treatment engagement, psychosocial functioning and quality of life at two time points and across the two diagnostic groups. The expected relations among the SDT variables were found, but additional direct paths between perceived competence and clinical outcomes were needed to obtain good model fit. The obtained process model was found to be stable across time and different diagnostic patient groups, and was able to explain 18% to 36% of variance in treatment engagement, psychosocial functioning and quality of life. It is concluded that SDT can be a useful basis for interventions in the mental health care for outpatients with SMI. Additional experimental research is needed to confirm the causality of the relations between the SDT constructs and their ability to influence treatment outcomes.
Psychosis risk screening: Validation of the youth psychosis at‐risk questionnaire – brief in a community‐derived sample of adolescents
Authors: Fonseca‐Pedrero Eduardo , Ortuño‐Sierra Javier , Chocarro Edurne , Inchausti Felix , Debbané Martin , Bobes Julio
Published: October 2016

There have been several attempts to identify individuals potentially at high risk for psychotic‐spectrum disorders using brief screening measures. However, relatively few studies have tested the psychometric properties of the psychosis screening measures in representative samples of adolescents. The main purpose of the present study was to analyse the prevalence, factorial structure, measurement invariance across gender, and reliability of the Youth Psychosis At‐Risk Questionnaire – Brief (YPARQ‐B) in a community‐derived sample of adolescents. Additionally, the relationship between YPARQ‐B, depressive symptoms, psychopathology, stress manifestations, and prosocial skills was analysed. One thousand and twenty students from high schools participated in a cross‐sectional survey. The YPARQ‐B, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Student Stress Inventory – Stress Manifestations were used. A total of 85.1% of the total sample self‐reported at least one subclinical psychotic experience. We observed a total of 10.9% of adolescents with a cutoff score of ≥11 or 6.8% with a cutoff score of ≥13. The analysis of internal structure of the YPARQ‐B yielded an essentially unidimensional structure. The YPARQ‐B scores showed measurement invariance across gender. The internal consistency of the YPARQ‐B total score was 0.94. Furthermore, self‐reported subclinical psychotic experiences were associated with depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioural problems, poor prosocial skills, and stress manifestations. These results would appear to indicate that YPARQ‐B is a brief and easy tool to assess self‐reported subclinical psychotic experiences in adolescents from the general population. The assessment of these experiences in community settings, and its associations with psychopathology, may help us to enhance the possibility of an early identification of adolescents potentially at risk for psychosis and mental health problems.
Repeatability of magnetic resonance fingerprinting T1 and T2 estimates assessed using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom
Authors: Jiang Yun , Ma Dan , Keenan Kathryn E. , Stupic Karl F. , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark A.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy and repeatability of T1 and T2 estimates of a MR fingerprinting (MRF) method using the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom.

Methods

The ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom contains multiple compartments with standardized T1, T2, and proton density values. Conventional inversion‐recovery spin echo and spin echo methods were used to characterize the T1 and T2 values in the phantom. The phantom was scanned using the MRF‐FISP method over 34 consecutive days. The mean T1 and T2 values were compared with the values from the spin echo methods. The repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation of the measurements over 34 days.

Results

T1 and T2 values from MRF‐FISP over 34 days showed a strong linear correlation with the measurements from the spin echo methods (R2 = 0.999 for T1; R2 = 0.996 for T2). The MRF estimates over the wide ranges of T1 and T2 values have less than 5% variation, except for the shortest T2 relaxation times where the method still maintains less than 8% variation.

Conclusion

MRF measurements of T1 and T2 are highly repeatable over time and across wide ranges of T1 and T2 values. Magn Reson Med 78:1452–1457, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging of the human brain in children and adults
Authors: Fotso Kevin , Dager Stephen R. , Landow Alec , Ackley Elena , Myers Orrin , Dixon Mindy , Shaw Dennis , Corrigan Neva M. , Posse Stefan
Published: October 2016

Purpose

We developed diffusion tensor spectroscopic imaging (DTSI), based on proton‐echo‐planar‐spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI), and evaluated the feasibility of mapping brain metabolite diffusion in adults and children.

Methods

PRESS prelocalized DTSI at 3 Tesla (T) was performed using navigator‐based correction of movement‐related phase errors and cardiac gating with compensation for repetition time (TR) related variability in T1 saturation. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of total N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) were measured in eight adults (17–60 years) and 10 children (3–24 months) using bmax = 1734 s/mm2, 1 cc and 4.5 cc voxel sizes, with nominal scan times of 17 min and 8:24 min. Residual movement–related phase encoding ghosting (PEG) was used as a regressor across scans to correct overestimation of MD.

Results

After correction for PEG, metabolite slice‐averaged MD estimated at 20% PEG were lower (P < 0.042) for adults (0.17/0.20/0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s) than for children (0.26/0.27/0.24 × 10−3 mm2/s). Extrapolated to 0% PEG, the MD estimates decreased further (0.09/0.11/0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s versus 0.15/0.16/0.15 × 10−3 mm2/s). Slice‐averaged FA of tNAA (P = 0.049), tCr (P = 0.067), and tCho (P = 0.003) were higher in children.

Conclusion

This high‐speed DTSI approach with PEG regression allows for estimation of metabolite MD and FA with improved tolerance to movement. Our preliminary data suggesting age‐related changes support DTSI as a sensitive technique for investigating intracellular markers of biological processes. Magn Reson Med 78:1246–1256, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Macrocyclic paramagnetic agents for MRI: Determinants of relaxivity and strategies for their improvement
Authors: Fringuello Mingo Alberto , Colombo Serra Sonia , Baroni Simona , Cabella Claudia , Napolitano Roberta , Hawala Ivan , Carnovale Irene Maria , Lattuada Luciano , Tedoldi Fabio , Aime Silvio
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To dissect the contributions to the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of two commercial contrast agents (CAs), Gd‐DOTA and Gd‐HP‐DO3A, and to synthesize/characterize a novel macrocyclic agent (Gd‐Phen‐DO3A) having superior r1.

Methods

Longitudinal relaxation rates R1 of the CAs in saline with/without human serum albumin (HSA), ionized simulated body fluid (i‐SBF), viscous simulated body fluid (v‐SBF), and human plasma were measured. Results have been interpreted to evince the main determinants to the observed r1 values.

Results

In v‐SBF or in the presence of HSA, r1 is enhanced for all complexes, reflecting the viscosity increase and a weak interaction with proteins. The CAs further differentiate in plasma, with a relaxivity increase (versus saline) of approximately 1, 1.5, and 2.5 mM−1s−1 for Gd‐DOTA, Gd‐HPDO3A, and Gd‐Phen‐DO3A, respectively. R1 versus pH curves in i‐SBF indicates that prototropic exchange sizably contributes to the relaxivity of Gd‐HP‐DO3A and Gd‐Phen‐DO3A.

Conclusion

The major contributions to r1 in the physiological environment have been highlighted, namely, increased viscosity, complex‐protein interaction, and prototropic exchange. The control of these terms allows the design of novel macrocyclic structures with enhanced r1 as a result of an improved interaction with plasma's macromolecules and the shift of the prototropic exchange to physiological pH. Magn Reson Med 78:1523–1532, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A Simple Model for Ion Flux‐Energy Distribution Functions in Capacitively Coupled Radio‐Frequency Plasmas Driven by Arbitrary Voltage Waveforms
Authors: Schüngel Edmund , Donkó Zoltán , Schulze Julian
Published: October 2016

The ion flux‐energy distribution function (IFEDF) is of crucial importance for surface processing applications of capacitively coupled radio‐frequency (CCRF) plasmas. Here, we propose a model that allows for the determination of the IFEDF in such plasmas for various gases and pressures in both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. A simplified ion density profile and a quadratic charge voltage relation for the plasma sheaths are assumed in the model, of which the performance is evaluated for single‐ as well as multi‐frequency voltage waveforms. The IFEDFs predicted by this model are compared to those obtained from PIC/MCC simulations and retarding field energy analyzer measurements. Furthermore, the development of the IFEDF shape and the ion dynamics in the plasma sheath region are discussed in detail based on the spatially and temporally resolved model data.
Occupational Safety and the Shift from Common to Individual Fishing Quotas in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Marvasti Akbar , Dakhlia Sami
Published: October 2016

We investigate and measure how a shift from a regime of common property to one of private ownership of fishing rights affected the safety of commercial fishing activity. To deal with overfishing and stock depletion of red snapper and grouper‐tilefish in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), various regulatory controls, most notably common quotas and seasonal closures, were introduced in the early 1990s. The resulting “fishing derbies” led to an increased number of accidents and fatalities. We show that the subsequently implemented individual fishing quota programs led to a sharp reduction in the number of fatalities, in large part because of lower pressure to make risky trip decisions, in particular under adverse weather conditions.
Interpreting Productivity: Symbolic Negotiation of Gendered Faculty Career Trajectories in the United States
Authors: Steidl Christina R. , Sterk Claire E.
Published: October 2016

Growing awareness of gender disparities in rank, retention, and pay of faculty has resulted in a growing body of research seeking to assess the relative impact of factors ranging from publishing rates and funding levels to organizational climate and family responsibilities. However, few studies have focused on the microlevel symbolic processes through which faculty expectations are constructed, communicated to individuals, and applied during evaluations. We analyze in‐depth interview transcripts with mid‐career faculty to explore how faculty interactions result in differing symbolic meanings and interpretations of productivity articulated by male and female faculty members. We find that men articulate more conventional understandings of work and productivity aligned with Acker's (1990) gendered organizational logics, while women describe a more contested symbolic field. Divergent understandings of productivity and the processes by which they are negotiated may play a significant role in the reproduction of gendered faculty career trajectories. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding how social processes contribute to larger patterns of inequality within social institutions.
NHC Adducts of Disilylated Germylenes and Stannylenes and Their Coordination Chemistry with Group 11 Metals
Authors: Walewska Małgorzata , Hlina Johann , Gaderbauer Walter , Wagner Harald , Baumgartner Judith , Marschner Christoph
Published: October 2016

Syntheses of NHC adducts of bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]germylene and ‐stannylene and some structurally related cyclic disilylated stannylenes are reported. Reactions of a cyclic stannylene NHC adduct with gold and silver cyanide led to cationic metal complexes with two cyanostannyl ligands. The Ag complex decomposed further to a cyanostannide. Reactions of bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]germylene and ‐stannylene NHC adducts with gold and silver cyanide displayed more unusual coordination chemistry with one silyl group of the ylene unit being transferred to the group 11 metal.
Identification of Polyketides in the Cuticular Waxes of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem
Authors: Racovita Radu C. , Jetter Reinhard
Published: October 2016

Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures consisting mostly of very‐long‐chain aliphatics with single, primary functional groups. However, the waxes of many plant species also include aliphatics with one or more functional groups residing on subterminal or mid‐chain carbons. In the present work, the cuticular wax mixtures from flag leaf blades and peduncles of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem were analyzed in a search for novel wax constituents with in‐chain functionalities, potentially of polyketide origin. The structures of compounds belonging to six different compound classes were elucidated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of various derivatives. Among them, a series of 2,4‐ketols was identified, with odd carbon numbers ranging from C25 to C37 and peaking at C33. The analogous C33 2,4‐diketone was identified as well, together with a pair of co‐eluting C31 mid‐chain β‐ketol isomers (16‐hydroxyhentriacontan‐14‐one and 14‐hydroxyhentriacontan‐16‐one), a pair of co‐eluting C30 mid‐chain α‐ketol isomers (15‐hydroxytriacontan‐14‐one and 14‐hydroxytriacontan‐15‐one), the corresponding C30 14,15‐diketone, and a pair of co‐eluting C31 ketones (hentriacontan‐14‐one and hentriacontan‐16‐one). All newly discovered structures contain ketone functional groups, with similar C13H27 and C15H31 alkyl chains on either side of the functionalities, thus resembling the previously reported very‐long‐chain β‐diketones dominating the wheat wax mixtures. Based on these structural characteristics, possible biosynthetic pathways leading to the newly identified polyketide‐like compounds are proposed.
Recommendations for CSF AD biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of dementia
Authors: Simonsen Anja Hviid , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Andreasen Niels , Baldeiras Ines , Bjerke Maria , Blennow Kaj , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Galluzzi Samantha , Handels Ron , Kramberger Milica G. , Kulczyńska Agnieszka , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Mroczko Barbara , Nordberg Agneta , Oliveira Catarina Resende , Otto Markus , Rinne Juha O. , Rot Uroš , Saka Esen , Soininen Hilkka , Struyfs Hanne , Suardi Silvia , Visser Pieter Jelle , Winblad Bengt , Zetterberg Henrik , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: October 2016

This article presents recommendations, based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, for the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β1–42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with dementia. The recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group based on the available evidence and consensus from focused discussions for (i) identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the cause of dementia, (ii) prediction of rate of decline, (iii) cost‐effectiveness, and (iv) interpretation of results. The working group found sufficient evidence to support a recommendation to use CSF AD biomarkers as a supplement to clinical evaluation, particularly in uncertain and atypical cases, to identify or exclude AD as the cause of dementia. Because of insufficient evidence, it was uncertain whether CSF AD biomarkers outperform imaging biomarkers. Operational recommendations for the interpretation of ambiguous CSF biomarker results were also provided.
Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Andreasen Niels , Baldeiras Ines , Bjerke Maria , Blennow Kaj , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Galluzzi Samantha , Handels Ron , Kramberger Milica G. , Kulczyńska Agnieszka , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Mroczko Barbara , Nordberg Agneta , Oliveira Catarina Resende , Otto Markus , Rinne Juha O. , Rot Uroš , Saka Esen , Soininen Hilkka , Struyfs Hanne , Suardi Silvia , Visser Pieter Jelle , Winblad Bengt , Zetterberg Henrik , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: October 2016

This article presents recommendations, based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, for the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β1–42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group and based on the available evidence and consensus from focused group discussions for 1) prediction of clinical progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, 2) cost‐effectiveness, 3) interpretation of results, and 4) patient counseling. The working group recommended using CSF AD biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of MCI patients, after prebiomarker counseling, as an add‐on to clinical evaluation to predict functional decline or conversion to AD dementia and to guide disease management. Because of insufficient evidence, it was uncertain whether CSF AD biomarkers outperform imaging biomarkers. Furthermore, the working group provided recommendations for interpretation of ambiguous CSF biomarker results and for pre‐ and post‐biomarker counseling.
Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes
Authors: ZHENG ROBIN
Published: October 2016

Most discussions of racial fetish center on the question of whether it is caused by negative racial stereotypes. In this paper I adopt a different strategy, one that begins with the experiences of those targeted by racial fetish rather than those who possess it; that is, I shift focus away from the origins of racial fetishes to their effects as a social phenomenon in a racially stratified world. I examine the case of preferences for Asian women, also known as ‘yellow fever’, to argue against the claim that racial fetishes are unobjectionable if they are merely based on personal or aesthetic preference rather than racial stereotypes. I contend that even if this were so, yellow fever would still be morally objectionable because of the disproportionate psychological burdens it places on Asian and Asian-American women, along with the role it plays in a pernicious system of racial social meanings.
Revisiting the Early Modern Philosophical Canon
Authors: SHAPIRO LISA
Published: October 2016

I reflect critically on the early modern philosophical canon in light of the entrenchment and homogeneity of the lineup of seven core figures: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. After distinguishing three elements of a philosophical canon—a causal story, a set of core philosophical questions, and a set of distinctively philosophical works—I argue that recent efforts contextualizing the history of philosophy within the history of science subtly shift the central philosophical questions and allow for a greater range of figures to be philosophically central. However, the history of science is but one context in which to situate philosophical works. Looking at the historical context of seventeenth-century philosophy of mind, one that weaves together questions of consciousness, rationality, and education, does more than shift the central questions—it brings new ones to light. It also shows that a range of genres can be properly philosophical and seamlessly diversifies the central philosophers of the period.
Coping with the Unthinkable: Psychosocial Advances in the Management of Primary Brain Tumour
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara
Published: October 2016

Brain cancer is a complex and distressing illness with a typically poor prospect for survival. Worldwide, approximately 256,000 people (1800 in Australia) are diagnosed each year (Ferlay, Soerjomataram & Ervik, 2013). Cancer of the brain poses a double threat – to one's survival and sense of self. Most people with primary brain tumour develop serious neuro-cognitive symptoms (e.g., seizures, memory loss) and experience poor mental health and quality of life, which places enormous burden on family care givers. Not surprisingly, high rates of psychological distress have been reported by people with brain tumour and their family care givers. Psychological distress can persist beyond primary treatment, and often increases in the long-term phase of illness due to the perceived threat and experience of recurrence and functional decline. Over the last decade, there have been many advances in the psychosocial management of people with brain tumour. This paper provides an overview of the functional, psychological and social consequences of brain tumour, summarises some leading developments in psychological assessment and management, and outlines future directions in intervention research.
Influence of Loosely-Bonded Sandwiched Initially Stressed Visco-Elastic Layer on Torsional Wave Propagation
Authors: Singh A. K. , Parween Z. , Das A. , Chattopadhyay A.
Published: October 2016

Assumption that the common interfaces of the media are perfectly bonded may not be always true. Situation may arise that composition of the two medium may be responsible for weakening the contact between them. So, it becomes obligatory to consider a loosely bonded interface in such cases which may affect the propagation of elastic waves through them. This paper thrashes out the propagation of torsional surface wave in an initially stressed visco-elastic layer sandwiched between upper and lower initially stressed dry-sandy Gibson half-spaces, theoretically. Both the upper and lower dry-sandy Gibson half-spaces are considered to be loosely-bonded with the sandwiched layer. Mathematical model is proposed and solution in terms of Whittaker's and Bessel's function is obtained. Velocity equation is obtained in closed form, its real part deals with the dispersion phenomenon whereas its imaginary part provides the damping characteristics. Influence of heterogeneities, sandiness, gravity parameters, initial-stresses, loose-bonding and internal-friction on the phase and damped velocities of torsional wave are computed numerically and depicted graphically. Deduced dispersion equation and damped velocity equation matches with classical Love-wave equation and vanishes identically for the isotropic case respectively.
Bioavailability ofn-3 fatty acids fromn-3-enriched foods and fish oil with different oxidative quality in healthy human subjects: a randomised single-meal cross-over study
Authors: Ottestad Inger , Nordvi Berit , Vogt Gjermund , Holck Marianne , Halvorsen Bente , Brønner Kirsti W. , Retterstøl Kjetil , Holven Kirsten B. , Nilsson Astrid , Ulven Stine M.
Published: October 2016

Regular consumption of long-chainn-3 fatty acids (LCn-3 FA) reduces postprandial triacylglycerolaemia. Functional foods and supplements are alternative sources of LCn-3 FA; however, emulsification technologies, food matrices and altered lipid oxidation levels affect their bioavailability. Moreover, which functional foods are optimal LCn-3 FA carriers is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the bioavailability of LCn-3 FA and the postprandial TAG response after the intake of oxidised or non-oxidised cod liver oil and after the intake of emulsified or non-emulsified LCn-3 FA using novel functional food items as LCn-3 FA carriers in a randomised cross-over acute study. A total of twenty-four healthy subjects completed the study in which subjects consumed one of four different test meals containing 1·5 g LCn-3 FA, or a control meal with no LCn-3 FA. Postprandial TAG-rich lipoproteins were isolated and their fatty acid composition was measured. The LCn-3 FA from emulsified foods were more rapidly incorporated into TAG-rich lipoproteins compared with non-emulsified foods. The incorporation of LCn-3 FA was similar for oils emulsified in yogurt or juice and was unaffected by the oxidative status of the oil. Postprandial TAG levels did not differ among the various test meals. In conclusion, emulsification increases the bioavailability of LCn-3 FA through a more rapid incorporation into TAG-rich lipoproteins, and juice and yogurt are equally suited as LCn-3 FA carriers. The acute intake of oxidised cod liver oil does not influence the incorporation of LCn-3 FA into TAG-rich lipoproteins.
Infant formula containing galacto-and fructo-oligosaccharides andBifidobacterium breveM-16V supports adequate growth and tolerance in healthy infants in a randomised, controlled, double-blind, prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Abrahamse-Berkeveld M. , Alles M. , Franke-Beckmann E. , Helm K. , Knecht R. , Köllges R. , Sandner B. , Knol J. , Ben Amor K. , Bufe A.
Published: October 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and tolerance in healthy, term infants consuming a synbiotic formula with daily weight gain as the primary outcome. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicentre, intervention study infants were assigned to an extensively hydrolysed formula containing a specific combination ofBifidobacterium breveM-16V and a prebiotic mixture (short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides in a 9:1 ratio; scGOS/lcFOS; synbiotic group), or the same formula without this synbiotic concept for 13 weeks (control group). Anthropometry, formula intake, tolerance, stool characteristics, blood parameters, faecal microbiota and metabolic faecal profile were assessed. Medically confirmed adverse events were recorded throughout the study. Equivalence in daily weight gain was demonstrated for the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (n211). In the per-protocol (PP) population (n102), the 90 % CI of the difference in daily weight gain slightly crossed the lower equivalence margin. During the intervention period, the mean weight-for-age and length-for-age values were close to the median of the WHO growth standards in both groups, indicating adequate growth. The number of adverse events was not different between both groups. No relevant differences were observed in blood parameters indicative for liver and renal function. At 13 weeks, an increased percentage of faecal bifidobacteria (60v. 48 %) and a reduced percentage ofClostridium lituseburense/C. histolyticum(0·2v. 2·6 %) were observed in the synbiotic group (n19) compared with the control group (n27). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that an extensively hydrolysed formula withB. breveM-16V and the prebiotic mixture scGOS/lcFOS (9:1) supports an adequate infant growth.
Development of a food-based diet quality score for Japanese: associations of the score with nutrient intakes in young, middle-aged and older Japanese women
Authors: Kuriyama Nozomi , Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Okubo Hitomi , Kobayashi Satomi , Suga Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi ,   the Three-generation Study of Women on Diets and Health Study Group
Published: October 2016

Several previous studies have shown that a diet score based on the Japanese food guide Spinning Top (the original score) is associated with both favourable and unfavourable dietary intake patterns. We developed a food-based diet quality score (the modified score) and examined associations with nutrient intakes. Subjects were 3963 young (all aged 18 years), 3800 middle-aged (mean age 47·7 (sd 3·9) years) and 2211 older (mean age 74·4 (sd 5·2) years) Japanese women. Dietary intakes were assessed using comprehensive (for the young and middle-aged) and brief-type (for the older) diet history questionnaires. The original score was calculated based on intakes of grains, vegetables, fish/meat, milk, fruits, and snacks/alcoholic beverages. The modified score was similarly calculated, but included Na from seasonings and without applying the upper cut-off values for dietary components where increased consumption is advocated for Japanese women (grains, vegetables, fish/meat, milk, and fruits). The original score was positively associated with intakes of carbohydrate, dietary fibre, and all the vitamins and minerals examined including Na and inversely with intakes of fats and alcohol in young and middle-aged women. In older women, the original score was inversely associated with intakes of all nutrients except for carbohydrate and vitamin C. However, the modified score was associated positively with intakes of protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, vitamins A, C and E, and folate and inversely with intakes of fats, alcohol and Na in all generations. In conclusion, the modified diet score was positively associated with favourable nutrient intake patterns in Japanese women.
Non-parametric analysis of the spatio-temporal variability in the fatty-acid profiles among Greenland sharks
Authors: Steeves Holly N. , Mcmeans Bailey , Field Chris , Stewart Connie , Arts Michael T. , Fisk Aaron T. , Lydersen Christian , Kovacs Kit M. , Macneil M. Aaron
Published: October 2016

Shifting prey distributions due to global warming are expected to generate dramatic ecosystem-wide changes in trophic structure within Arctic marine ecosystems. Yet a relatively poor understanding of contemporary Arctic food webs makes it difficult to predict the consequences of such changes for Arctic predators. Doing so requires quantitative approaches that can track contemporary changes in predator diets through time, using accurate, well-defined methods. Here we use fatty acids (FA) to quantify differences in consumer diet using permutational multivariate analysis of variance tests that characterize spatial and temporal changes in consumer FA signatures. Specifically we explore differences in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) FA to differentiate their potential trophic role between Svalbard, Norway and Cumberland Sound, Canada. Greenland shark FA signatures revealed significant inter-annual differences, probably driven by varying seal and Greenland halibut responses to environmental conditions such as the NAO, bottom temperature, and annual sea-ice extent. Uncommon FA were also found to play an important role in driving spatial and temporal differences in Greenland shark FA profiles. Our statistical approach should facilitate quantification of changing consumer diets across a range of marine ecosystems.
Bycatch of chondrichthyans in a coastal trawl fishery on Chubut province coast and adjacent waters, Argentina
Authors: Ruibal Núñez J. , Bovcon N. D. , Cochia P. D. , Góngora M. E.
Published: October 2016

Chondrichthyans are usually caught incidentally in fisheries for species of high commercial value and then discarded on board or landed as by-products. On the coast of Chubut province and adjacent waters (43°00′S–44°56′S) a bottom trawl fishery has developed targeted at the Patagonian shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) and common hake (Merluccius hubbsi). Since 2005, this fishery has been monitored by the On-board Observers Program of Chubut province (POBCh). With the aim of advancing towards an ecosystem approach, POBCh not only collects information about target species but also about all the species caught by the trawl nets of the province fisheries. From the information collected by this programme it was possible to identify and record the chondrichthyan species vulnerable to the fishing gear used by the coastal fleet that operates from Puerto Rawson. The composition of the fleet catch was characterized according to the target species during the 2005–2014 period. In the analysis of 3786 hauls, 23 species of chondrichthyans (seven species of sharks, 15 species of batoids and a single species of Holocephali) were identified. Seven species showed a frequency of occurrence greater than 10% (Callorhinchus callorynchus, Discopyge tschudii, Mustelus schmitti, Sympterygia bonapartii, Psammobatis normani, Squalus acanthias and Zearaja chilensis). Species spatial distribution was evaluated and five areas of species assemblages were established. Besides the aspects related to bycatch, these analyses have contributed to the knowledge of the chondrichthyan biodiversity in the provincial coast where the fleet operates, a region with incomplete and mostly dispersed and outdated information.
Processing of word-level stress by Mandarin-speaking second language learners of English
Authors: QIN ZHEN , CHIEN YU-FU , TREMBLAY ANNIE
Published: October 2016

This study investigates whether second language learners’ processing of stress can be explained by the degree to which suprasegmental cues contribute to lexical identity in the native language. It focuses on Standard Mandarin, Taiwan Mandarin, and American English listeners’ processing of stress in English nonwords. In Mandarin, fundamental frequency contributes to lexical identity by signaling lexical tones, but only in Standard Mandarin does duration distinguish stressed–unstressed and stressed–stressed words. Participants completed sequence-recall tasks containing English disyllabic nonwords contrasting in stress. Experiment 1 used natural stimuli; Experiment 2 used resynthesized stimuli that isolated fundamental frequency and duration cues. Experiment 1 revealed no difference among the groups; in Experiment 2, Standard Mandarin listeners used duration more than Taiwan Mandarin listeners did. These results are interpreted within a cue-weighting theory of speech perception.
HIGHER ORDER MOMENTS OF MARKOV SWITCHING VARMA MODELS
Authors: Cavicchioli Maddalena
Published: October 2016

In this paper we derive matrix formulae in closed form for higher order moments and give sufficient conditions for higher order stationarity of Markov switching VARMA models. We provide asymptotic theory for sample higher order moments which can be used for testing multivariate normality. As an application, we propose new definitions of multivariate skewness and kurtosis measures for such models, and relate them with the existing concepts in the literature. Our work completes the statistical analysis developed in the fundamental paper of Francq and Zakoïan (2001,Econometric Theory18, 815–818) and relates with the concepts of multivariate skewness and kurtosis proposed by Mardia (1970,Biometrika57, 519–530), Móri, Rohatgi, and Székely (1993,Theory of Probability and its Applications38, 547–551), and Kollo (2008,Journal of Multivariate Analysis99, 2328–2338). Under suitable assumptions, our results imply that the sample estimators of the skewness and kurtosis measures proposed by these authors are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Finally, we check our theory statements numerically via Monte Carlo simulations.
Outbreak of KPC-3-producing ST15 and ST348Klebsiella pneumoniaein a Portuguese hospital
Authors: VUBIL D. , FIGUEIREDO R. , REIS T. , CANHA C. , BOAVENTURA L. , DA SILVA G. J.
Published: October 2016

To date, only a few sporadic cases of infections due toKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC) producers have been reported in Portugal. Here, we report for the first time an outbreak ofK. pneumoniaeKPC-3 producers in a tertiary-care hospital during 2013. Twenty-seven ertapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaewere identified in patients at a tertiary-care hospital during 2013 isolated predominantly from urine (48·1%) and blood (25·9%) cultures. All isolates were highly resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics and most showed intermediate resistance to imipenem. The more frequentβ-lactamases were TEM- (77·7%), CTX-M- (70·3%) and KPC-type (66·6%). KPC-3 was identified by sequencing. TheblaKPC−3gene was associated with an IncF plasmid, and efficiently transferred toE. coliJ53. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed three clusters of isolates which were further characterized by multi-locus sequence typing as ST11, ST15 and ST348. Ertapenem-resistant ST15 was already in circulation in the hospital, related to expression of OmpK36 modified porin, but the other two sequence types had not been previously found in the hospital. We conclude that the IncF plasmid mediated transfer of KPC-3 in the outbreak and that implementation of carbapenemase gene screening in isolates from patients on admission to hospital is advisable in order to control dissemination of these antimicrobial resistance elements.
Encadrement discursif et postposition du sujet : l’éclairage des contes oraux
Authors: CARRUTHERS JANICE , LE DRAOULEC ANNE
Published: October 2016

Cet article s'inscrit dans l'hypothèse de l'encadrement développée par Charolles (1997), et réexaminée ultérieurement sous divers angles. Une condition syntaxique est mise au jour par Fuchs et Fournier (2003), à laquelle nous portons une attention particulière : à savoir, l'antéposition nécessaire du sujet (S) par rapport au verbe (V), suivant un terme initial cadratif. Nous réinterrogeons le lien entre encadrement et position du sujet à la lumière d'un corpus de contes oraux. Nous défendons l'hypothèse que dans certains cas, lorsqu'ils apparaissent dans des sections stratégiques du conte, les syntagmes spatio-temporels suivis de l'ordre VS peuvent être regardés comme proprement cadratifs.
A concept-oriented analysis of future-time reference in native and near-native Hexagonal French
Authors: EDMONDS AMANDA , GUDMESTAD AARNES , DONALDSON BRYAN
Published: October 2016

This study examined how native and near-native speakers of Hexagonal French make reference to future events in a corpus of informal conversations. A concept-oriented analysis reveals that no fewer than 13 different finite verb forms appeared in future-time contexts. A qualitative analysis of the use of the present in future-time contexts in the two portions of the corpus points to similarities in the native-speaker and near-native-speaker use. This analysis contributes to the understanding of future-time expression in Hexagonal French and to discussions concerning near-nativeness in second language acquisition.
LOGICS ABOVES4 AND THE LEBESGUE MEASURE ALGEBRA
Authors: LANDO TAMAR
Published: October 2016

We study the measure semantics for propositional modal logics, in which formulas are interpreted in theLebesgue measure algebra${\cal M}$, or algebra of Borel subsets of the real interval [0,1] modulo sets of measure zero. It was shown in Lando (2012) and Fernández-Duque (2010) that the propositional modal logicS4 is complete for the Lebesgue measure algebra. The main result of the present paper is that every logicL aboveS4 is complete for some subalgebra of${\cal M}$. Indeed, there is a single model over a subalgebra of${\cal M}$in which all nontheorems ofLare refuted. This work builds on recent work by Bezhanishvili, Gabelaia, & Lucero-Bryan (2015) on the topological semantics for logics aboveS4. In Bezhanishviliet al., (2015), it is shown that there are logics above that arenotthe logic of any subalgebra of the interior algebra over the real line,${\cal B}$(ℝ), but that every logic above is the logic of some subalgebra of the interior algebra over the rationals,${\cal B}$(ℚ), and the interior algebra over Cantor space,${\cal B}\left( {\cal C} \right)$.
Comparative Evaluation of Narrative Reviews and	Meta-Analyses
Authors: Kühberger Anton , Scherndl Thomas , Ludwig Bastian , Simon Dominique M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Summarizing and organizing research in narrative reviews is a classic procedure for cumulating research. In recent years narrative reviews have been increasingly, though not completely, replaced by meta-analyses. Using a case study of a prominent narrative review of the behavioral priming literature ( Bargh, Schwader, Hailey, Dyer, & Boothby, 2012 ), we show that narrative reviews run the risk of drawing a picture that tends to be too good to be true, when the effect-sizes of the papers cited in the narrative review are compared to meta-analyses of the respective topic. We shortly discuss the reasons for this, emphasizing two sources of bias that may inflict narrative reviews to a larger degree than meta-analyses, namely bias in study selection, and bias in study aggregation.
Hindsight Bias and Law
Authors: Giroux Megan E. , Coburn Patricia I. , Harley Erin M. , Connolly Deborah A. , Bernstein Daniel M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate the foreseeability of an outcome once it is known. This bias has implications for decisions made within the legal system, ranging from judgments made during investigations to those in court proceedings. Legal decision makers should only consider what was known at the time an investigation was conducted or an offense was committed; however, they often review cases with full knowledge of a negative outcome, which can affect their judgments about what was knowable in the past. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on hindsight bias and law. We present five areas of law that hindsight bias affects (medical malpractice, forensic investigation, negligence, patent, criminal), two types of evidence that may lead to hindsight bias (visual and auditory evidence), and hindsight bias in experts and judges. Finally, we discuss strategies for reducing hindsight bias in legal decisions and recommend future research.
Construct Validity of the Temperament Structure Scales Within the Big	Five Framework in Aerospace Selection
Authors: Mittelstädt Justin Maximilian , Pecena Yvonne , Oubaid Viktor , Maschke Peter
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Temperament Structure Scales (TSS) are used in the selection of pilots, air traffic controllers, and astronauts at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). As there is evidence for the predictive validity of the TSS, its relationship with the popular Big Five factors as indicators of construct validity is investigated. Two samples comprising either European astronaut candidates (N = 902) or German pilot candidates (N = 249) were used. Analyses show consistent commonalities of several TSS scales with four Big Five factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness). The TSS cover most of the broad Big Five factors and additionally provide a more detailed and suitable profile with unique constructs for the selection of aerospace personnel. The TSS are thus recommended for use without additional personality inventories that measure the broad Big Five factors only.
Label/quencher-free detection of single-nucleotide changes in DNA using isothermal amplification and G-quadruplexes
Authors: Lee Il Joon , Goo Nam-In , Kim Dong-Eun
Published: October 2016

We report an analytical method that exploits the interaction between G-quadruplexes and thioflavin T (ThT), for detecting mutant DNA species containing single-base changes.
The application of capillary electrophoretic on-line preconcentration in alkaloid analysis
Authors: Hou X. , Zhang X. , Lu Y.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, the principles of capillary electrophoretic on-line preconcentration are introduced.
Differential leukocyte counting via fluorescent detection and image processing on a centrifugal microfluidic platform
Authors: Balter Max L. , Chen Alvin I. , Colinco C. Amara , Gorshkov Alexander , Bixon Brian , Martin Vincent , Fromholtz Alexander , Maguire Timothy J. , Yarmush Martin L.
Published: October 2016

Methods for enumerating leukocytes on a centrifugal platform using a custom built fluorescent microscope, nuclear stain, and image processing techniques.
Online fluorescence anisotropy immunoassay for monitoring insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans
Authors: Schrell Adrian M. , Mukhitov Nikita , Yi Lian , Adablah Joel E. , Menezes Joshua , Roper Michael G.
Published: October 2016

Insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans is a dynamic process that is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis.