bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Workforce: Charting the Future
Authors: Delaney Kathleen R. , Vanderhoef Dawn
Published: January 2019

AIMS: To characterize the future Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) workforce in light of the high demand for psychiatric providers in all aspects of mental health service delivery. Over the past 20 years, there has been significant growth of the PMH APRN workforce, a provider group capable of addressing mental health provider shortages. However, continued growth may be limited by anticipated retirements and traditional volume of graduations from PMH nurse practitioner (NP) programs. Optimum utilization of PMH APRNs in service delivery systems and State workforce planning may also be impeded by their frequent mischaracterized in federal reports and mental health workforce studies. METHODS: Based on a review of the literature, this discussion paper evaluates trends related to PMH NP programs and graduates, anticipated retirements of current PMH ARPNs, facilitators and barriers to increasing the PMH APRN workforce, and opportunities and threats to workforce development. RESULTS: The PMH APRN workforce faces significant challenges owing to barriers and facilitators to growth of the specialty. These factors conspire to limit the supply of PMH APRNs at a time when they are needed to compensate for declining numbers of providers in the United States, particularly practicing psychiatrists. CONCLUSION: Recommendations are forwarded as to how best shape the educational pipeline to meet the current and emerging needs of American citizens for quality mental health care.
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Data-Driven Policy Platform for a Psychiatric Mental Health Care Workforce
Authors: Rice Michael J. , Stalling Janette , Monasterio Andrew
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a data-driven policy platform for psychiatric nurses roles and outcomes to alleviate the current mental health crisis in the United States. METHOD: Drawing on census data, statistical reports, and analysis of the current psychiatric mental health nursing (PMHN) workforce, a data-driven policy platform is designed to recruit, train, and prepare psychiatric nurses for addressing the nation’s mental health crises. RESULTS: As noted by the Institute of Medicine’s 2010 & 2016 reports on the future of nursing, the largest available health care workforce is not being used effectively, particularly to address the nation’s mental health care needs. The development of a data-driven platform provides direction for psychiatric nurses in developing the workforce to meet the national mental health crisis. CONCLUSIONS: From education through practice and research, psychiatric-mental health nursing must build and share a data-driven, relationship-to-care platform emphasizing how PMHN care affects patient outcomes. Using a data-based platform to grow supportive public opinion, psychiatric mental health nursing can build a workforce to modify national accreditation standards and laws supporting data-driven PMHN care. The specialty profession must also seek to modify the nursing profession’s attitude toward embracing data-driven platform of care relationships to psychiatric mental health outcomes.
Basal Chronic Villitis and Disorders of the Placental Basal Plate: A Possible Immunological Link Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Katzman Philip J , Blitman Joseph , Metlay Leon A
Published: January 2019

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a common cause for preterm delivery. Prior studies showed that chronic villitis (CV) is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal death, and morbidly adherent placenta (MAP). The authors hypothesize that disorders of the placental basal plate, especially basal chronic villitis (BCV), are associated with HDP.

Methods

The laboratory information system was queried over 12 years to identify placentas with or without the clinical history of HDP and with or without multifocal/focal CV or BCV. As a control for tissue sampling, a similar search was performed over 5 years for placentas evaluated for MAP.

Results

Of 19,683 placentas identified, 14.8% had CV which was in 18.5% and 14.2% of placentas associated with or without HDP, respectively, a significant difference ( P < .0001). BCV was present in 6.0% and 3.9% of placentas with or without HDP, respectively, also a significant difference ( P < .0001). BCV was more likely than multifocal/focal CV to occur in HDP (32.4% vs 27.4%) when all cases of CV were analyzed ( P = .025). Of 221 placentas with MAP, 64% had multifocal/focal CV and 36% had BCV.

Conclusions

BCV and CV are more common in placentas with HDP than in normotensive pregnancies. They are also seen in MAP, as supported by another recent study.
Clinical Predictive Factors for the Efficacy of Everolimus in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Kikawa Yuichiro , Kotake Takeshi , Kajiwara Yukiko , Hashimoto Kazuki , Yamashiro Hiroyasu , Ohtani Shoichiro , Takao Shintaro , Toi Masakazu
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical predictive factors for the efficacy of everolimus (EVE) for advanced/metastatic breast cancer (AMBC).

Methods:

Routine practice data of consecutive patients with AMBC who received EVE at 5 institutions in western Japan were retrospectively analyzed in this cohort study (study registration no.: UMIN 000032569). The correlation among time to treatment failure (TTF), overall survival (OS), and clinical background was investigated via univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox hazards model for the clinically important variables.

Results:

A total of 134 patients were included in the analysis. The median TTF and OS were 5.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1-6.4) and 27.3 months (95% CI: 23.7-30.9), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that dose reduction of EVE from any initial dose was associated with a longer TTF (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32-0.84, P = .007). Meanwhile, very low hormone sensitivity (ie, relapse within the first 2 years during adjuvant endocrine therapy or progression within 3 months of endocrine therapy immediately before EVE) was associated with a shorter TTF (HR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.49-4.10, P < .001). In the analysis of stratified treatment outcomes, TTF was longer in the group with <3 liver metastases and in groups other than the very low hormone sensitivity group, regardless of the treatment line of EVE.

Conclusions:

Low hormone sensitivity and ⩾3 liver metastases were important prognostic factors for the efficacy of EVE. EVE may be less effective in patients with AMBC with these factors, and as such, chemotherapy should be administered instead.
Unexpected Microglial “De-activation” Associated With Altered Synaptic Transmission in the Early Stages of an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Acharjee Shaona , Pittman Quentin J
Published: January 2019

Multiple sclerosis, and its animal model—experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is a demyelinating disease causing motor and sensory dysfunction, as well as behavioral comorbidities. In exploring possible functional changes underlying behavioral comorbidities in EAE, we observed increased excitatory drive onto the major cells of the basolateral amygdala. This was associated with increased numbers of dendritic spines. An unexpected finding was that microglial cells at this time were in a “deactivated” state, and further studies suggested that the microglial deactivation was responsible for the increased excitatory drive. This is the first report of microglial deactivation in an inflammatory disease and raises many questions as to the underlying mechanisms and functional relevance.
Hepatotoxicities Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Distinguishing the True From the False
Authors: Desjardin Marie , Bonhomme Benjamin , Le Bail Brigitte , Evrard Serge , Brouste Véronique , Desolneux Gregoire , Fonck Marianne , Bécouarn Yves , Béchade Dominique
Published: January 2019

Background:

Pre-operative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is thought to be the cause of hepatotoxicity of non-tumoural parenchyma. Studies on hepatotoxicity are contradictory. We investigated the impact of a single-line pre-operative chemotherapy on non-tumoural liver analysed by an expert hepatico-pancreatico-biliary pathologist, and the consequences on surgical outcomes.

Patients and methods:

Patients operated for CRLM, after a pure first-line pre-operative chemotherapy, were retrospectively included. Two comparative histopathological analyses were performed for vascular toxicity and steatohepatitis.

Results:

Between 2003 and 2015, 147 patients were included. Chemotherapy was based on oxaliplatin (40.1%), irinotecan (55.8%), or both (4.1%). The expert pathologist described 38.8% of vascular lesions including dilation, nodular regeneration, and peliosis. In multivariate analysis, vascular lesions correlated to male sex ( P = .01), pre-operative platelets <150 g/L ( P = .04), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score >0.36 ( P = .02). Steatohepatitis was observed in 15 patients (10.2%), more frequently after irinotecan (14.8% vs 3.4%, P = .01; odds ratio [OR] = 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.5-34.7]), and for patients with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 ( P = .004; OR = 10.0; 95% CI = [2.1-47.5]). A total of 29 patients (19.7%) developed major complications with 2 risk factors: portal vein obstruction (PVO) and septic surgery. Reproducibility assessment of steatohepatitis and dilated lesions by 2 pathologists showed moderate agreement (Kappa score 0.53 and 0.54, respectively).

Conclusions:

There is a probable association between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and irinotecan. Oxaliplatin seems to lead to higher vascular lesions. Except in the presence of pre-existent comorbidities, liver toxicities should not restrain the use of pre-operative chemotherapy prior to parenchymal-sparing surgery.
Saving face in diplomacy: A political sociology of face-to-face interactions in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Authors: Nair Deepak
Published: January 2019

Face-saving is a ubiquitous yet under-theorized phenomenon in International Relations. Prevailing accounts refer to face-saving as a shorthand for status and reputation, as a “cultural” trait found outside Euro-American societies, and as a technique for defusing militarized inter-state crisis, without, however, an explanation of its source and repertoire. In this article, I argue that it is possible to recover face-saving from cultural essentialism, and that face-saving practices geared to avoid embarrassment are micro-level mechanisms that produce international institutions like diplomacy. Drawing on the work of sociologists Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, I propose a theory of face-saving that accounts for its source, effects, and variation. I evaluate this theory with a study of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a diplomacy that has long espoused a discourse of “saving face” couched in Asian cultural exceptionalism. I combine a political sociology of ASEAN’s ruling regimes with an ethnography of its diplomats based on 13 consecutive months of fieldwork in Jakarta, Indonesia, to substantiate this wider theoretical argument. I demonstrate that, first, ASEAN’s face-saving practices are rooted in the legacies of authoritarianism rather than essentialist “culture,” and, second, that face-saving practices enable performances of sovereign equality, diplomatic kinship, and conflict avoidance among ASEAN’s diplomats. This article grants a distinct conceptual space to face-saving in International Relations, contributes to international practice theory by situating practices in the context of state–society relations, and offers a novel interpretation of what the “ASEAN Way” of doing diplomacy looks like in practice.
The effect of psychological distress on self-care intention and behaviour in young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Downie Grace A , Mullan Barbara A , Boyes Mark E , McEvoy Peter M
Published: January 2019

An extended theory of planned behaviour including psychological distress was used to predict blood glucose monitoring in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed two surveys, a week apart ( n = 167). Attitudes and perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with intention but subjective norm was not. Intention predicted blood glucose monitoring at T2. Higher scores in psychological distress significantly predicted poorer blood glucose monitoring at T2 but did not moderate the intention–behaviour relationship. Findings demonstrate some concerns with the theory of planned behaviour to predict self-care behaviour, yet highlight the importance of addressing psychological distress in diabetes self-management.
The elephant in the record: On the multiplicity of data recording work
Authors: Cabitza Federico , Locoro Angela , Alderighi Camilla , Rasoini Raffaele , Compagnone Domenico , Berjano Pedro
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on the production side of clinical data work, or data recording work, and in particular, on its multiplicity in terms of data variability. We report the findings from two case studies aimed at assessing the multiplicity that can be observed when the same medical phenomenon is recorded by multiple competent experts, yet the recorded data enable the knowledgeable management of illness trajectories. Often framed in terms of the latent unreliability of medical data, and then treated as a problem to solve, we argue that practitioners in the health informatics field must gain a greater awareness of the natural variability of data inscribing work, assess it, and design solutions that allow actors on both sides of clinical data work, that is, the production and care, as well as the primary and secondary uses of data to aptly inform each other’s practices.
Who gets committee leadership positions in the European Parliament? Evidence from the 2014 selection process
Authors: Treib Oliver , Schlipphak Bernd
Published: January 2019

What are the driving forces behind the selection of individual Members of the European Parliament for committee leadership positions? To shed more light on this process, the article analyses an original dataset comprising biographical and behavioural information on all 751 Members of the European Parliament who assumed office in 2014. We show that the choice of committee chairs and vice-chairs is not determined by loyalty to party groups or national delegations. Instead, we demonstrate that Members of the European Parliament’ career ambitions and their ability to demonstrate relevant experience play a key role. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the power of national parties and European party groups and for the emerging literature on political career patterns at the European level.
Visual Network Analysis: a qualitative method for researching sociomaterial practice
Authors: Decuypere Mathias
Published: January 2019

This article presents a qualitative research method, Visual Network Analysis (VNA), which is theoretically situated within the relational turn, and more particularly within sociomaterial and sociotopological approaches. Both approaches consider both human and nonhuman entities in social practices, and adopt a relational perspective in order to study these practices. VNA provides innovative tools for qualitatively analyzing social situations by constructing, analyzing and interpreting visual networks based on tailored observatory and/or interview techniques. To that effect, VNA adopts the notion ‘network’ as a method (rather than as a structural representation of social life) that allows to trace the complex entanglements by means of which specific practices are constituted. The article presents the process of conducting VNA by focusing on four key steps: collecting and coding relational data; visualizing network diagrams through software; analyzing the form of these diagrams; and interpreting the resulting visualizations by offering narrative readings of these forms (focused on the effects they generate). The article concludes with some reflections on the assets and potential of the method proposed.
Staying in a fallout shelter: exploring ostalgia through post-socialist heterotopia
Authors: Gibas Petr , Nyklová Blanka
Published: January 2019

This article details our attempts at making sense of an ostalgic heterotopic space. We relay here our analysis of staying in and exploring a disused air raid shelter built during WWII, converted into a fallout shelter at the beginning of the Cold War and recently repurposed in an anti-communist museum/tourist hotel/ostalgic canteen called 10Z Bunker. As we enter the subterranean tunnels packed with memorabilia from an indistinct ‘past’, we strive to shed some light on the dim heterotopic space we found. We explore the intersection of material objects and partly refurbished underground spaces and employ the concept of heterotopia to understand how ostalgia is enmeshed with anti-communism in this commodified history display. We argue that the heterotopic (and heterochronic) nature of the display allows for stripping ostalgia of its disruptive potential to challenge the prevailing narratives of Western domination and using it to further the anti-communist meaning promulgated by the 10Z Bunker.
Characterization and field validation of smart rocks for bridge scour monitoring
Authors: Tang Fujian , Chen Yizheng , Li Zhaochao , Hu Xiuyan , Chen Genda , Tang Yan
Published: January 2019

In this study, two types of smart rocks are proposed, characterized, and validated for bridge scour monitoring, including the arbitrary oriented system smart rock and the automatically pointing to south system smart rock. Effect of the smart rocks on the geomagnetic field is numerically studied, and algorithms to localize the position of the smart rocks are developed. Field validation tests are conducted at an open area in Rolla, MO, USA. Results show that the magnetic intensity decreases in cubic function with a distance away from the smart rock. The algorithm can effectively localize the position of smart rocks during validation tests. The effective monitoring range of the two smart rocks is dependent on the flux (or size) of the magnet used to fabricate the smart rocks, the accuracy of the magnetometer, the direction of smart rocks, as well as the intensity and variation of the ambient magnetic field. Compared with arbitrary oriented system smart rock, less measurement points are needed to localize the automatically pointing to south system smart rock.
Overcoming Legacy Processing in Photographic Collections through Collaboration and Digital Technologies
Authors: Holtze Terri , Howard Rachel , Kuehn Randy , Pattillo Rebecca , Reilly Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

In the 1960s, a Louisville photography studio began donating its negatives, prints, and invoices to the University of Louisville Photographic Archives. The Caufield & Shook collection remains a significant primary source for local history and a prime candidate for digitization. Unfortunately, on its receipt, nonarchivists processed the collection with little documentation of original order or organizational decision making. Additionally, workflow choices were determined largely by the desire to maximize student labor. In 2017, the digital initiatives librarian worked with in-house application developers and archives staff to create a workflow that has significantly sped up the process of making this valuable photographic collection accessible online. This article describes how archivists recovered from the poor processing decisions, used technology to enhance the digitization workflow, and developed a list of best practices for future processing and digitization of large photographic collections.
Tangible Objects versus Digital Interfaces: Opportunities to Harness the Potential of Augmented Reality to Interact with Photographic Collections in Museums and Archives
Authors: Forster Ingrid
Published: January 2019

The use of augmented reality (AR) as an immersive and interactive engagement tool for art and cultural institutions is increasing. AR, when used in a meaningful way, has shown great potential for discovery-based learning experiences. In this article, I consider the potential of AR for photographic collections in museums and archives by addressing two key questions: How can digital tools like AR serve to enhance our understanding of photographs as both object and image? What are the implications and limitations of this technology when used for this purpose?
A method of intelligent product design cue construction based on customer touchpoint correlation analysis and positive creativity theory
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wei Ting , Zhang Yunyan , Wang Yi
Published: January 2019

User experience plays an indispensable role in intelligent product design. Building a system for user research, capturing firsthand information from users and turning insights into achievable product design solutions is the key to innovation. This article introduces service design into product design and studies the design cue construction method through intelligent product design case. First, the authors capture customer touchpoints in the process of user interaction with the product by observing the user behavior and perform the correlation analysis of the customer touchpoint to obtain the user’s complaints and dissatisfaction. Second, the authors use positive creation theory to transform requirements and turn the complaints collected in user research into achievable functional requirements. Third, the authors use the KANO model for sensitivity analysis of functional requirements and select high-sensitivity requirements for priority development. Finally, using the service design innovation methods to analyze the user experience and stakeholders, the design cue map can be exported, and a new service system was established to enhance the overall user experience.
Development of precision blank carriage for manufacturing large gratings and echelles
Authors: Ge Xinfang , Chu Biao
Published: January 2019

A long-travel positioning device, which combines a ball-screw-driven coarse stage with a fine one, driven by piezoelectric translator, to achieve the long-distance traveling, up to 500 mm, as well as high-precision positioning, is crucial in the field of diffraction grating fabrication at nanometer scale. In this article, we present the design of the fine-feed drive stage with resolution as high as 20 nm and propose a single neuron-based proportional–integral–derivative controller to realize ultra-precision positioning. A high-performance piezoelectric translator is used to drive the mechanism, and the parallel leaf springs are used to guide the moving platform with preload force. A dynamic model of the precision positioning mechanism has been established by considering the Hertzian contact. In addition, the static and dynamic properties are investigated with the laser interferometry tracking methodology. The experimental results indicate that the positioning accuracy of less than 10 nm is obtained with the single neuron-based proportional–integral–derivative controller and also demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed mechanism and control strategy.
‘We don’t need to abide by that!’: Negotiating professional roles in problem-solving talk at work
Authors: Kim Kyoungmi , Angouri Jo
Published: January 2019

In this article, we focus on problem solving talk in the business meeting event. We zoom in on the processes of formulating, negotiating and ratifying an issue as a problem, and we argue that individuals negotiate their stances in relation to their perceived/projected professional roles. The processes of problem-solving are, simultaneously, processes of self/other positioning. We take an Interactional Sociolinguistic perspective and draw on audio-recorded meeting talk collected in a multinational corporate workplace. Our analysis shows that interactants draw on issues of accountability, perceived/projected responsibilities and expertise in pursuit of their own interactional agenda in the problem-solving meeting. We close the article with directions for further research.
Was the internal thoracic arterial graft selection for coronary artery bypass grafting appropriate in a patient with neurofibromatosis-1?
Authors: Nakayama Taisuke , Nakayama Mayuko , Harada Takashi , Isshiki Shingo , Sasaki Hideki , Ishitoya Hiroshi
Published: January 2019

Neurofibromatosis type 1, also called von Recklinghausen’s disease, is a hereditary congenital disorder that affects tissues of neuroectodermal or mesodermal origin. This disease has various manifestations, including pigmented skin lesions, cutaneous neurofibromas, skeletal abnormalities, and tumors of the central/peripheral nervous and gastrointestinal systems, and vascular abnormalities. Because of vasculopathy, part of the vessel wall may be replaced by neurofibromatosis tissue. Involvement of the internal thoracic artery is, however, extremely rare. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using the left internal thoracic artery was performed for coronary arterial disease in a patient with neurofibromatosis, and the residual left internal thoracic artery vessel pathology was investigated. The left internal thoracic artery vessel showed intimal proliferation, medial thinning, and fragmentation of elastic tissue. However, these findings were not typical for von Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis. Internal thoracic artery graft selection was feasible for coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.
When left or right do not matter: Ideology and spending in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Coman Emanuel Emil
Published: January 2019

I reassess the argument by Tavits and Letki (2009) that in Eastern Europe in the 1990s and 2000s left-leaning governments were less likely to spend than right-leaning governments. I argue that the findings are most likely driven by time bias in their manifesto-based measurement of ideology. Starting in the mid-nineties, governments became artificially leftist, thus, the robustness of the relationship proposed by Tavits and Letki may be questioned. When adjusted for time bias, ideology does not influence spending in Eastern Europe. These findings have important consequences on the established literature linking ideology and spending. The findings also suggest that although manifesto-based measures of ideology have become widely used in time-series analyses, ideology scores at different times may not be comparable without adjustments.
Discoverability: Toward a Definition of Content Discovery Through Platforms
Authors: McKelvey Fenwick , Hunt Robert
Published: January 2019

Discoverability is a concept of growing use in digital cultural policy, but it lacks a clear and comprehensive definition. Typically, discoverability is narrowly defined as a problem for content creators to find an audience given an abundance of choice. This view misses the important ways that apps, online stores, streaming services, and other platforms coordinate the experiences of content discovery. In this article, we propose an analytical framework for studying the dynamic and personalized processes of content discovery on platforms. Discoverability is a kind of media power constituted by content discovery platforms that coordinate users, content creators, and software to make content more or less engaging. Our framework highlights three dimensions of this process: the design and management of choice in platform interfaces (surrounds), the pathways users take to find content and the effects those choices have (vectors), and the resulting experiences these elements produce. Attention to these elements, we argue, can help researchers grapple with the challenging mutability and individualization of experience on content discovery platforms as well as provide a productive new way to consider content discovery as a matter of platform governance.
Approval of First CAR-Ts: Have we Solved all Hurdles for ATMPs?
Authors: Seimetz Diane , Heller Karl , Richter Jan
Published: January 2019

T cells are known as the most potent killer cells of the immune system, designed by nature to prevent unwanted challenges. The first class of therapeutic products harnessing the power of T cells for target-specific treatment of oncological diseases was bispecific antibodies. The first T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies that obtained approval were catumaxomab and blinatumomab 1 , 2 . Eight years later, the first chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells received regulatory approval 3 . CAR-T cells are the cellular interpretation of T-cell engaging therapies and have shown remarkable clinical results. CAR-T cells belong to the regulatory group of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). Due to the cell-/gene-based complex nature, ATMPs are far more challenging to develop than other, more defined, medicinal products. Despite very encouraging clinical results, there have been many set-backs in the development of ATMPs during the past 20 years. Therefore, the approval of the first two CAR-Ts KYMRIAH and YESCARTA is highly encouraging for the field. In this article we review the current landscape of CAR-Ts as a special class of ATMPs. This comprises the pathway to approval including the use of dedicated regulatory tools and challenges that were faced during the procedure. Furthermore, we highlight important future trends in the field.
Why Maximizing Quality-Adjusted Life Years, rather than Reducing HIV Incidence, Must Remain Our Objective in Addressing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Nosyk Bohdan , Min Jeong Eun , Zang Xiao , Feaster Daniel J. , Metsch Lisa , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Rio Carlos Del , Granich Reuben , Schackman Bruce R. , Montaner Julio S. G.
Published: January 2019

With efficacious behavioral, biomedical, and structural interventions available, combination implementation strategies are being implemented to combat HIV/AIDS across settings internationally. However, priority statements from national and international bodies make it unclear whether the objective should be the reduction in HIV incidence or the maximization of health, most commonly measured with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Building off a model-based evaluation of HIV care interventions in British Columbia, Canada, we compare the optimal sets of interventions that would be identified using HIV infections averted, and QALYs as the primary outcome in a cost-effectiveness analysis. We found an explicit focus on averting new infections undervalues the health benefits derived from antiretroviral therapy, resulting in suboptimal and potentially harmful funding recommendations.
Long-term follow-up of a phase 3 clinical trial of inolimomab for the treatment of primary steroid refractory aGVHD
Authors: Socié Gérard , Milpied Noel , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Fürst Sabine , Bilger Karin , Suarez Felipe , Michallet Mauricette , Lewalle Philippe , Liens David , Mathis Catherine , Guemas Eric , Vernant Jean-Paul
Published: January 2019

The treatment of steroid refractory acute graft-versus-host disease has been a significant clinical challenge. There have been relatively few randomized clinical trials comparing different treatment options. One such approach was the use of inolimomab (an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody that blocks interleukin-2 signaling) that was compared to antithymocyte globulin in the INO107 phase 3 trial. Socié and colleagues report on the long-term follow-up of patients treated on this trial.
Spontaneous advent of genetic diversity in RNA populations through multiple recombination mechanisms
Authors: Smail Benedict A. , Clifton Bryce E. , Mizuuchi Ryo , Lehman Niles
Published: January 2019

There are several plausible abiotic synthetic routes from prebiotic chemical materials to ribonucleotides and even short RNA oligomers. However, for refinement of the RNA World hypothesis to help explain the origins of life on the Earth, there needs to be a manner by which such oligomers can increase their length and expand their sequence diversity. Oligomers longer than at least 10–20 nucleotides would be needed for raw material for subsequent natural selection. Here, we explore spontaneous RNA–RNA recombination as a facile means by which such length and diversity enhancement could have been realized. Motivated by the discovery that RNA oligomers stored for long periods of time in the freezer expand their lengths, we systematically investigated RNA–RNA recombination processes. In addition to one known mechanism, we discovered at least three new mechanisms. In these, one RNA oligomer acts as a splint to catalyze the hybridization of two other oligomers and facilitates the attack of a 5′-OH, a 3′-OH, or a 2′-OH nucleophile of one oligomer onto a target atom of another. This leads to the displacement of one RNA fragment and the production of new recombinant oligomers. We show that this process can explain the spontaneous emergence of sequence complexity, both in vitro and in silico.
Energy Audit Application for Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: MODI RAJESH U. , ALI MUDASIR , PARMAR RAGHUVIRSINH P. , KUMAR NAMDEV SHARAD
Published: January 2019

This computer application deals with energy auditing for rice-wheat cropping system. Computing different input parameters for the crop production system in terms of energy requirement (MJ/ha) can be done by using this computer application. The developed application was found to be a simple, easy and user-friendly with appropriate output units. It works efficiently and gives the desired output in terms of energy consumption (MJ/ha). The advantage of this application is to decide the inputs on the basis of energy consumption before performing actual cultivation practice using the last season data. Moreover, using this package energy budget difference and comparison of subsequent production seasons can be achieved. The computer application was developed using Visual Basic, which allows the user to calculate total energy use efficiency, specific energy and different energy ratios in a particular cropping system.
Teaching Re-use Strategies for Modernist Buildings.
Authors: De Vos Els , Storgaard Eva
Published: January 2019

The joint European+ project Re-use of Modernist Buildings (RMB) started its activities in 2016. It is an educational collaboration between different European universities and organisations. The main objectives of this initiative is on the one hand to enhance student and staff mobility through a shared educational programme on master degree level; on the other hand it is to develop transformation strategies for modernist  buildings, mainly from the post-war period. RMB wants to develop an educational approach to this specific architectural heritage based on common definitions, approaches and methodologies. It takes its point of departure in existing research, educational practices and reference projects in the partner countries. This paper discusses the need for appropriate approaches to modernist buildings, definitions of re-use strategies and the position of RMB – as well as how the project’s educational programme is conceived and structured. Additional a more detailed description of the concept and the making of a so-called Case Study Handbook of Modernist Buildings follows, illuminating its asset as an important research and design tool.
Modern Architecture as Inextensible
Authors: Yaneva Albena
Published: January 2019

I will begin with this provocative, and quite unusual image, of an iconic building that we all know – the Eiffel Tower.  Some of you might have heard about the media debates surrounding the “new design for the restructuring of the public spaces of the Eiffel Tower” announced by the French architect David Serero in March 2008. He suggested doubling the size of the tower’s highest observational platform. The architect claimed that “his firm’s proposal was accepted after an open call, and that the structure is expected to be assembled for the 120th anniversary of the tower construction.” But shortly after that, the government-contracted firm that manages the tower – la Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel – stated that the claims of the architect are a “hoax.” The communication chief denied that there was ever any call for architects regarding plans to redevelop the top of the monument and that Serero Architects never presented themselves as candidates for such a competition. The media outlets that ran with the story included: The Guardian, The New York Times, Architect, Bustler, The Daily Telegraph and Belfast Telegraph.
Reuse of the existing
Authors: Giovannelli Anna
Published: January 2019

Design the contemporary city and architecture means, first of all, dealing with the existing, a huge amount of abandoned space, of uninhabited factories, of crumbling artefacts, of an entire territory which asks to be taken care of. After years of urban sprawl with soil consumption, it is necessary to rethink the way of planning in the existing contexts of the contemporary city and its environmental sustainability. The immediacy of new constructions is often preferred to the recycling of existing ones that work in the long term and return value to the places and their historical stratifications. This is why today the reuse of the existing represents the real emergency to face with a process of regeneration of cities and their territories, where the architectural project, with the contribution of other disciplines - such as archaeology and restoration, geography and landscape design - represents the only instrument able to offer an answer to the current problems of urban structures. Reuse is actually a necessity as well as an emergency; reuse is the ontological condition of architecture because every building has always recycled materials and spaces to reshape the new and we need to analyse past examples of reuse in order to create a methodology for the design reuse of existing structures. This paper aims to contribute to the definition of a teaching methodology of reuse through design and proposes an approach that interprets those characters of the different architectural forms of the existing modernist buildings.
ALVALADE: once modern never old (but age-friendly)
Authors: De Carvalho António Da Silva Ferreira
Published: January 2019

Portugal, namely, Lisbon had in the middle of the 20th century a young and growing population for which new and modernist housing solutions were designed, turning the new Alvalade district into a modernist laboratory. But time passed by and half a century later, at the dawn of the new millennium, Alvalade was already a NORC (Naturally Occurring Retirement Community): its initial population had aged in place (Pastalan, 1990), making it a modernist environment now inhabited by older people who were no longer the stylish MOD inhabitants envisioned by modernist architects in the 50’s. This is the main issue we will address in this article: how to reuse and adapt this modernist global environment (public spaces, buildings, and interiors), respecting its high-quality design standards and yet turning it into an age-friendly community as a case study for wider dissemination.
Psoriatic arthritis: pathogenetic features and innovative therapies
Authors: Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L. , Korotaeva T. V.
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the modern concepts of the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The latter is currently indicated as a T-cell-mediated disease that is based on the activation of cellular immunity, followed by the hyperproduction and imbalance of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12/23, and IL-17. The paper presents the basic principles of diagnosis and clinical manifestations of the disease and notes the importance of screening questionnaires, the use of which allows specialists to diagnose PsA early, by actively identifying articular complaints, the characteristic clinical and radiological signs of damage to the joint, spine, and entheses. It is pointed out that the key target of pharmacotherapy for PsA is to achieve remission or minimal activity of the main clinical manifestations of the disease, to slow down or prevent its radiographic progression, to increase the length and quality of life in patients, and to reduce the risk of comorbidities. The authors characterize the major groups of used drugs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, conventional and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological drugs (inhibitors of TNF-α, IL-12/23, and IL-17). The key Treat-to-target principles of patient management are considered; it is noted that strict control over disease activity and treatment results provides suppression of all major clinical manifestations of PsA. The paper also shows the basic principles of the creation and further development of the All-Russian Registry of PsA patients, which makes it possible to optimize management decision-making on the provision of high-tech medical care and drugs for this cohort of patients.
Adipocytokines in early rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to pro- and anti-inflammatory markers
Authors: Kondratyeva L. V. , Popkova T. V. , Gorbunova Yu. N.
Published: January 2019

Objective:to clarify the relationship of adiponectin and leptin to the signs of disease activity and the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Subjects and methods.The investigation enrolled 27 RA patients who met the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and had never received glucocorticoids (GCs) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The median age of the patients was 56 [46; 64] years; the duration of the disease was 8 [6; 15] months. All the patients had moderate or high RA activity according to DAS28. The majority of the patients were seropositive for rheumatoid factor (88.9%) or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (96.3%). A control group included 30 gender-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched people without inflammatory arthritis. Enzyme immunoassay was used to estimate the concentrations of adiponectin and leptin; XMAP multiplex assay was applied to measure the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17 and macrophage inflammation proteins (MIP), such as MIP-1α and MIP-1β.Results and discussion.In RA patients, adiponectin concentrations were higher (p<0.001) and leptin levels and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratios were lower than those in the controls (p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). In RA, there were direct correlations of leptin levels with concentration of IL-17 (r=0.4; p=0.03), IL-4 (r=0.39; p=0.04) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r=0.3; p=0.05), as well as relationships of L/A ratios to ESR (r=0.38; p=0.05) and the levels of CRP (r=0.4; p=0.04) and MIP-1β (r=0.55; p=0.03). An increase in adiponectin concentrations was associated with a decrease in MIP-1β levels (r=-0.63; p<0.01). In patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, leptin concentrations were comparable in RA patients and controls (p=0.1); the differences in adiponectin levels and L/A ratios remained in both cases (p<0.001). This subgroup of patients with RA showed significant correlations between leptin and IL-17 levels (r=0.52; p=0.03), adiponectin and MIP-1β concentrations (r=-0.59; p=0.01), L/A ratios and MIP-1β levels (r=0.55; p=0.02).Conclusion.In early RA, there was a lower leptin synthesis and a higher adiponectin production. The correlations between the levels of adipocytokines, IL-17, and MIP1β, on the one hand, suggest that adipose tissue has an impact on systemic inflammation and, on the other, confirm that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of insulin resistance and obesity.
Effect of rituximab on heart involvement in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Garzanova L. A. , Ananyeva L. P. , Koneva O. A. , Ovsyannikova O. B.
Published: January 2019

As of now, there has been a great body of data on the use of rituximab (RTM) in systemic sclerosis (SS), mainly on its positive effect on skin fibrosis and lung injury. However, information is still scarce about the effect of RTM on other organs and systems, namely the heart affected by SS.Objective: to assess the time course of changes in the signs of heart involvement in SS patients one year after initiation of RTM therapy.Subjects and methods. The paper gives data on changes in cardiac disorders in 71 patients with SS one year after the prescription of RTM.Results and discussion. The rate of cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders and diastolic dysfunction was unchanged. At the same time, a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and a reduction in the severity of dyspnea was achieved, which correlated with improved lung function (a significant rise in forced vital capacity). The results of treatment in three patients with predominant heart involvement associated with SS (coronary heart disease and hypertension were ruled out) were considered in detail. These patients displayed pronounced positive changes as increased EF, less severe cardiac arrhythmias, reduced chronic heart failure, better quality of life, as well as the synchronicity of lower disease activity, less skin induction, improved lung function, and stabilized pulmonary artery systolic pressure.Conclusion. RTM in combination with traditional therapy can be considered as a potentially effective drug for the treatment of heart involvement in SS.
Instrumental diagnosis of coxitis in ankylosing spondylitis in real clinical practice
Authors: Agafonova E. M. , Dubinina T. V. , Demina A. B. , Smirnov A. V. , Erdes Sh. F.
Published: January 2019

Coxitis is one of the most common extra-axial manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Most Russian studies consider hip joint (HJ) involvement in AS patients as a major factor of poor prognosis in this disease. All detected hip joint changes are characterized by one term «coxitis». Until recently, there has been no clarity on inflammation of which structures of HJ leads to its destruction. This problem can be solved by prospective studies. A start was made by the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology on the study of the evolution of coxitis in AS in 2013. This communication is devoted to the results initially identified by various imaging techniques for detecting HJ changes.Objective:to study the characteristics of HJ injury in AS, which have been detected by different imaging techniques.Subjects and methods.The investigation enrolled 125 AS patients, including 84 men (a male/female ratio of 2:1). The mean age of the patients was 31.4±9.1 years; the mean age at disease onset – 24.6±4.4 years; the median duration of AS at the time of examination – 96 (12–444) months. The HLA-B27 antigen was present in the majority of patients (94%). AS activity defined by ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI was high; BASFI scores averaged 3.4±2.1. All the patients underwent the following instrumental examinations: plain pelvis radiography, HJ ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results and discussion.The clinical, ultrasound, and MRI signs of coxitis were found in 82, 75, and 88% of cases, respectively; coxitis was radiologically confirmed only in 50% of patients. This disease was diagnosed by several techniques in the vast majority of cases. The diagnosis of coxitis was based only on clinical signs in only three (2%) patients. In approximately every sixth (16%) patients with AS, who had clinical signs of coxitis, the latter was verified only by one of the instrumental techniques (ultrasonography, radiography, or MRI). Our findings demonstrated that more than half of patients had high coxitis activity, and more prolonged coxitis was responsible for higher X-ray HJ changes and functional limitations.Conclusion.Our study has showed that the instrumental techniques used to diagnose coxitis are not equivalent in evaluating HJ injury. To decide which of them is more effective in screening and predicting the course of coxitis, there is a need for further prospective investigations.