bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated single-cell transcriptomic dataset for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Prazanowska Karolina Hanna , Lim Su Bin
Published: March 2023

As single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a great tool for studying cellular heterogeneity within the past decade, the number of available scRNA-seq datasets also rapidly increased. However, reuse of such data is often problematic due to a small cohort size, limited cell types, and insufficient information on cell type classification. Here, we present a large integrated scRNA-seq dataset containing 224,611 cells from human primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Using publicly available resources, we pre-processed and integrated seven independent scRNA-seq datasets using an anchor-based approach, with five datasets utilized as reference and the remaining two, as validation. We created two levels of annotation based on cell type-specific markers conserved across the datasets. To demonstrate usability of the integrated dataset, we created annotation predictions for the two validation datasets using our integrated reference. Additionally, we conducted a trajectory analysis on subsets of T cells and lung cancer cells. This integrated data may serve as a resource for studying NSCLC transcriptome at the single cell level.
COVID-19 epidemic peaks distribution in the United-States of America, from epidemiological modeling to public health policies
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Faranda Davide , Arutkin Maxence
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 prediction models are characterized by uncertainties due to fluctuating parameters, such as changes in infection or recovery rates. While deterministic models often predict epidemic peaks too early, incorporating these fluctuations into the SIR model can provide a more accurate representation of peak timing. Predicting R0, the basic reproduction number, remains a major challenge with significant implications for government policy and strategy. In this study, we propose a tool for policy makers to show the effects of possible fluctuations in policy strategies on different R0 levels. Results show that epidemic peaks in the United States occur at varying dates, up to 50, 87, and 82 days from the beginning of the second, third, and fourth waves. Our findings suggest that inaccurate predictions and public health policies may result from underestimating fluctuations in infection or recovery rates. Therefore, incorporating fluctuations into SIR models should be considered when predicting epidemic peak times to inform appropriate public health responses.
Comparative genome and phylogenetic analysis revealed the complex mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley
Authors: Chang Hong , Guo Jianglong , Li Mingzhi , Gao Yan , Wang Siwei , Wang Xiaonan , Liu Yanping
Published: March 2023

Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is a destructive pest that causes severe economic damage to litchi and longan. Previous C. sinensis research has focused on population life tables, oviposition selectivity, pest population prediction, and control technology. However, there are few studies on its mitogenome and phylogenetic evolution. In this study, we sequenced the whole mitogenome of C. sinensis by the third-generation sequencing, and analyzed the characteristics of its mitogenome by comparative genome. The complete mitogenome of C. sinensis is a typical circular and double-stranded structure. The ENC-plot analyses revealed that natural selection could affect the information of codon bias of the protein-coding genes in the mitogenome of C. sinensis in the evolutionary process. Compared with 12 other Tineoidea species, the trnA-trnF gene cluster of tRNA in the C. sinensis mitogenome appears to have a new arrangement pattern. This new arrangement has not been found in other Tineoidea or other Lepidoptera, which needs further exploration. Meanwhile, a long AT repeated sequence was inserted between trnR and trnA, trnE and trnF, ND1 and trnS in the mitogenome of C. sinensis, and the reason for this sequence remains to be further studied. Furthermore, the results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the litchi fruit borer belonged to Gracillariidae, and Gracillariidae was monophyletic. The results will contribute to an improved understanding of the complex mitogenome and phylogeny of C. sinensis. It also will provide a molecular basis for further research on the genetic diversity and population differentiation of C. sinensis.
Predicting and understanding human action decisions during skillful joint-action using supervised machine learning and explainable-AI
Authors: Auletta Fabrizia , Kallen Rachel W. , di Bernardo Mario , Richardson Michael J.
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the utility of supervised machine learning (SML) and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for modeling and understanding human decision-making during multiagent task performance. Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks were trained to predict the target selection decisions of expert and novice players completing a multiagent herding task. The results revealed that the trained LSTM models could not only accurately predict the target selection decisions of expert and novice players but that these predictions could be made at timescales that preceded a player’s conscious intent. Importantly, the models were also expertise specific, in that models trained to predict the target selection decisions of experts could not accurately predict the target selection decisions of novices (and vice versa). To understand what differentiated expert and novice target selection decisions, we employed the explainable-AI technique, SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP), to identify what informational features (variables) most influenced modelpredictions. The SHAP analysis revealed that experts were more reliant on information about target direction of heading and the location of coherders (i.e., other players) compared to novices. The implications and assumptions underlying the use of SML and explainable-AI techniques for investigating and understanding human decision-making are discussed.
Artificial homeostatic temperature regulation via bio-inspired feedback mechanisms
Authors: Feketa Petro , Birkoben Tom , Noll Maximiliane , Schaum Alexander , Meurer Thomas , Kohlstedt Hermann
Published: March 2023

Homeostasis comprises one of the main features of living organisms that enables their robust functioning by adapting to environmental changes. In particular, thermoregulation, as an instance of homeostatic behavior, allows mammals to maintain stable internal temperature with tightly controlled self-regulation independent of external temperatures. This is made by a proper reaction of the thermoeffectors (like skin blood vessels, brown adipose tissue (BAT), etc.) on a wide range of temperature perturbations that reflect themselves in the thermosensitive neurons’ activity. This activity is being delivered to the respective actuation points and translated into thermoeffectors’ actions, which bring the temperature of the organism to the desired level, called a set-point. However, it is still an open question whether these mechanisms can be implemented in an analog electronic device: both on a system theoretical and a hardware level. In this paper, we transfer this control loop into a real electric circuit by designing an analog electronic device for temperature regulation that works following bio-inspired principles. In particular, we construct a simplified single-effector regulation system and show how spiking trains of thermosensitive artificial neurons can be processed to realize an efficient feedback mechanism for the stabilization of the a priori unknown but system-inherent set-point. We also demonstrate that particular values of the set-point and its stability properties result from the interplay between the feedback control gain and activity patterns of thermosensitive artificial neurons, for which, on the one hand, the neuronal interconnections are generally not necessary. On the other hand, we show that such connections can be beneficial for the set-point regulation and hypothesize that the synaptic plasticity in real thermosensitive neuronal ensembles can play a role of an additional control layer empowering the robustness of thermoregulation. The electronic realization of temperature regulation proposed in this paper might be of interest for neuromorphic circuits which are bioinspired by taking the basal principle of homeostasis on board. In this way, a fundamental building block of life would be transferred to electronics and become a milestone for the future of neuromorphic engineering.
Deletion of QDR genes in a bioethanol-producing yeast strain reduces propagation of contaminating lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Kapetanakis George C. , Sousa Luis Santos , Felten Charlotte , Mues Loïc , Gabant Philippe , Van Nedervelde Laurence , Georis Isabelle , André Bruno
Published: March 2023

Bacterial contaminations in yeast fermentation tanks are a recurring problem for the bioethanol production industry. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly of the genus Lactobacillus, are the most common contaminants. Their proliferation can reduce fermentation efficiency or even impose premature shutdown for cleaning. We have previously reported that laboratory yeast strains naturally excrete amino acids via transporters of the Drug: H+ Antiporter-1 (DHA1) family. This excretion allows yeast to cross-feed LAB, which are most often unable to grow without an external amino acid supply. Whether industrial yeast strains used in bioethanol production likewise promote LAB proliferation through cross-feeding has not been investigated. In this study, we first show that the yeast strain Ethanol Red used in ethanol production supports growth of Lactobacillus fermentum in an amino-acid-free synthetic medium. This effect was markedly reduced upon homozygous deletion of the QDR3 gene encoding a DHA1-family amino acid exporter. We further show that cultivation of Ethanol Red in a nonsterile sugarcane-molasses-based medium is associated with an increase in lactic acid due to LAB growth. When Ethanol Red lacked the QDR1, QDR2, and QDR3 genes, this lactic acid production was not observed and ethanol production was not significantly reduced. Our results indicate that Ethanol Red cultivated in synthetic or molasses medium sustains LAB proliferation in a manner that depends on its ability to excrete amino acids via Qdr transporters. They further suggest that using mutant industrial yeast derivatives lacking DHA1-family amino acid exporters may be a way to reduce the risk of bacterial contaminations during fermentation.
Tunable deterministic lateral displacement of particles flowing through thermo-responsive hydrogel micropillar arrays
Authors: Tottori Naotomo , Nisisako Takasi
Published: March 2023

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a promising technology that allows for the continuous and the size-based separation of suspended particles at a high resolution through periodically arrayed micropillars. In conventional DLD, the critical diameter (Dc), which determines the migration mode of a particle of a particular size, is fixed by the device geometry. Here, we propose a novel DLD that uses the pillars of a thermo-responsive hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to flexibly tune the Dc value. Upon heating and cooling, the PNIPAM pillars in the aqueous solution shrink and swell because of their hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase transitions as the temperature varies. Using the PNIPAM pillars confined in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel, we demonstrate continuous switching of particle (7-μm beads) trajectories (displacement or zigzag mode) by adjusting the Dc through temperature control of the device on a Peltier element. Further, we perform on/off operation of the particle separation (7-μm and 2-μm beads) by adjusting the Dc values.
Arctic-associated increased fluctuations of midlatitude winter temperature in the 1.5° and 2.0° warmer world
Authors: Hong Yungi , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Son Seok-Woo , Jeong Jee-Hoon , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Baekmin , Kim Hyungjun , Yoon Jin-Ho
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, the interior regions of Eurasia and North America have experienced several unprecedentedly cold winters despite the global surface air temperature increases. One possible explanation of these increasing extreme cold winters comes from the so-called Warm Arctic Cold Continent (WACC) pattern, reflecting the effects of the amplified Arctic warming in driving the circulation change over surrounding continents. This study analyzed reanalysis data and model experiments forced by different levels of anthropogenic forcing. It is found that WACC exists on synoptic scales in observations, model’s historical and even future runs. In the future, the analysis suggests a continued presence of WACC but with a slightly weakened cold extreme due to the overall warming. Warm Arctic events under the warmer climate will be associated with not only a colder continent in East Asia but also a warmer continent, depending on the teleconnection process that is also complicated by the warmer Arctic. Such an increasingly association suggests a reduction in potential predictability of the midlatitude winter anomalies.
Prognostic Mutational Signatures of NSCLC Patients treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Smith Margaret R. , Wang Yuezhu , D’Agostino Ralph , Liu Yin , Ruiz Jimmy , Lycan Thomas , Oliver George , Miller Lance D. , Topaloglu Umit , Pinkney Jireh , Abdulhaleem Mohammed N. , Chan Michael D. , Farris Michael , Su Jing , Mileham Kathryn F. , Xing Fei
Published: March 2023

Different types of therapy are currently being used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the stage of tumor and the presence of potentially druggable mutations. However, few biomarkers are available to guide clinicians in selecting the most effective therapy for all patients with various genetic backgrounds. To examine whether patients’ mutation profiles are associated with the response to a specific treatment, we collected comprehensive clinical characteristics and sequencing data from 524 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC treated at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. Overall survival based Cox-proportional hazard regression models were applied to identify mutations that were “beneficial” (HR < 1) or “detrimental” (HR > 1) for patients treated with chemotherapy (chemo), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemo+ICI combination therapy (Chemo+ICI) followed by the generation of mutation composite scores (MCS) for each treatment. We also found that MCS is highly treatment specific that MCS derived from one treatment group failed to predict the response in others. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses showed a superior predictive power of MCS compared to TMB and PD-L1 status for immune therapy-treated patients. Mutation interaction analysis also identified novel co-occurring and mutually exclusive mutations in each treatment group. Our work highlights how patients’ sequencing data facilitates the clinical selection of optimized treatment strategies.
Effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening in preventing vision loss from diabetes: a policy model
Authors: Channa Roomasa , Wolf Risa M. , Abràmoff Michael D. , Lehmann Harold P.
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perform diabetic retinal exams (‘screening’) on preventing vision loss is not known. We designed the Care Process for Preventing Vision Loss from Diabetes (CAREVL), as a Markov model to compare the effectiveness of point-of-care autonomous AI-based screening with in-office clinical exam by an eye care provider (ECP), on preventing vision loss among patients with diabetes. The estimated incidence of vision loss at 5 years was 1535 per 100,000 in the AI-screened group compared to 1625 per 100,000 in the ECP group, leading to a modelled risk difference of 90 per 100,000. The base-case CAREVL model estimated that an autonomous AI-based screening strategy would result in 27,000 fewer Americans with vision loss at 5 years compared with ECP. Vision loss at 5 years remained lower in the AI-screened group compared to the ECP group, in a wide range of parameters including optimistic estimates biased toward ECP. Real-world modifiable factors associated with processes of care could further increase its effectiveness. Of these factors, increased adherence with treatment was estimated to have the greatest impact.
Holistic yield modeling, top-down loss analysis, and efficiency potential study of thin-film solar modules
Authors: Zinßer Mario , Helder Tim , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa , Bauer Andreas , Kirchartz Thomas , Rau Uwe , Wächter Rolf , Powalla Michael
Published: March 2023

A holistic simulation of a photovoltaic system requires multiple physical levels - the optoelectronic behavior of the semiconductor devices, the conduction of the generated current, and the actual operating conditions, which rarely correspond to the standard testing conditions (STC) employed in product qualification. We present a holistic simulation approach for all thin-film photovoltaic module technologies that includes a transfer-matrix method, a drift-diffusion model to account for the p-n junction, and a quasi-three-dimensional finite-element Poisson solver to consider electrical transport. The evolved digital model enables bidirectional calculation from material parameters to non-STC energy yield and vice versa, as well as accurate predictions of module behavior, time-dependent top-down loss analyses and bottom-up sensitivity analyses. Simple input data like current-voltage curves and material parameters of semiconducting and transport layers enables fitting of otherwise less-defined values. The simulation is valuable for effective optimizations, but also for revealing values for difficult-to-measure parameters.
Apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion in tumor cells drives S100a4-mediated metastatic outgrowth through the RAGE pathway
Authors: Park Woo-Yong , Gray Justin M. , Holewinski Ronald J. , Andresson Thorkell , So Jae Young , Carmona-Rivera Carmelo , Hollander M. Christine , Yang Howard H. , Lee Maxwell , Kaplan Mariana J. , Cappell Steven D. , Yang Li
Published: March 2023

Most tumor cells undergo apoptosis in circulation and at the metastatic organ sites due to host immune surveillance and a hostile microenvironment. It remains to be elucidated whether dying tumor cells have a direct effect on live tumor cells during the metastatic process and what the underlying mechanisms are. Here we report that apoptotic cancer cells enhance the metastatic outgrowth of surviving cells through Padi4-mediated nuclear expulsion. Tumor cell nuclear expulsion results in an extracellular DNA–protein complex that is enriched with receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) ligands. The chromatin-bound RAGE ligand S100a4 activates RAGE receptors in neighboring surviving tumor cells, leading to Erk activation. In addition, we identified nuclear expulsion products in human patients with breast, bladder and lung cancer and a nuclear expulsion signature correlated with poor prognosis. Collectively, our study demonstrates how apoptotic cell death can enhance the metastatic outgrowth of neighboring live tumor cells.
Surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with ligands: a necessary step for their utility
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kaustav , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V.
Published: March 2023

The importance of protecting inorganic nanoparticles with organic ligands and thus imparting the needed stabilization as colloidal dispersions for their potential applications is highlighted in this review.
Peptide photowrapping of gold-silica nanocomposites for constructing MMP-responsive drug capsules for chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Liu Hao , He Sijie , Niu Li-Ya , Gao Xue-Wang , Feng Ke , Yang Shumin , Shao Jianqun , Zhao Wenhua , Xie Nan , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: March 2023

Gold-silica drug nanocapsules were fabricated via peptide photowrapping, which respond to an MMP-upregulated tumor microenvironment and achieve chemo-photothermal combination therapy.
Role of height and position in the vertical distribution pattern of urban surface-deposited sediments and associated heavy metals
Authors: Zhao Hongtao , Huang Tian , Su Jingjun , Li Xuyong
Published: March 2023

Urban surface-deposited sediments (USDs) with different spatial positions and heights are a mixture of various pollutants with complex sources and are widely distributed in urban environments.
Nitrogen adsorption via charge transfer on vacancies created during surfactant assisted exfoliation of TiB2
Authors: Rasyotra Anshul , Thakur Anupma , Mandalia Raviraj , Ranganathan Raghavan , Jasuja Kabeer
Published: March 2023

Titanium diboride (TiB2), a layered ceramic material, comprised of titanium atoms sandwiched in between honeycomb planes of boron atoms, exhibits a promising structure to utilize the rich chemistry offered by the synergy of titanium and boron.
Mechanistic investigation of electrocatalytic reductive amination at copper electrode
Authors: Kim Taemin , Park Dong Il , Kim Sojin , Yadav Dibya , Hong Sugyeong , Kim Sun Hee , Yoon Hyo Jae , Jin Kyoungsuk
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical reductive amination without using any redox agents is presented with high Faraday efficiency on a Cu electrode. The detailed reaction mechanism has been thoroughly validated.
[4+1] cyclization of α-diazo esters and mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins
Authors: Liang Qiuming , Zeng Yimin , Mendez Ocampo Pedro A. , Zhu Hui , Qu Zheng-Wang , Grimme Stefan , Song Datong
Published: March 2023

We report the reactivity of 1,2,3-trizole-derived mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins toward α-diazoesters.
Polar and non-polar stacking of perfectly aligned parallel beloamphiphile monolayers (PBAMs) of (PhO, F)-azine. The interplay of non-covalent interlayer interactions and unit cell polarity
Authors: Bhoday Harmeet , Kelley Steven P. , Glaser Rainer
Published: March 2023

The differences are discussed of the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric stacking of the PBAMs of the polymorphs of (PhO, F)-azine. We will show how non-covalent interlayer H⋯F and F⋯F interactions between the PBAM surfaces affect their stacking.
Lattice relaxation effects on the collective resonance spectra of a finite dipole array
Authors: Gai Baodong , Guo Jingwei , Jin Yuqi
Published: March 2023

Applying lattice parameter relaxation on a finite photonic crystal can adjust the smoothness of its surface lattice resonance spectral peak.
Dielectric-free electrowetting on graphene
Authors: Papaderakis Athanasios A. , Roh Ji Soo , Polus Kacper , Yang Jing , Bissett Mark A. , Walton Alex , Juel Anne , Dryfe Robert A. W.
Published: March 2023

Electrowetting on graphene substrates is studied as a function of electrolyte identity and graphene layer number; the response observed is contrasted with that seen on the bulk material (graphite).
Comparativein silicoandin vitrostudy of the stability and biological activity of an octapeptide from microalgaeIsochrysis zhanjiangensisand its truncated short peptide
Authors: Lin Liyuan , He Yuan-Lin , Liu Yi , Hong Pengzhi , Zhou Chunxia , Sun Shengli , Qian Zhong-Ji
Published: March 2023

In this study, the structural characteristics and active sites of the octapeptide (IIAVEAGC), the pentapeptide (IIAVE) and tripeptide (AGC) were studiedin silicaandin vitro.
A sweat-pH-enabled strongly adhesive hydrogel for self-powered e-skin applications
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Siheng , Wang Zhuomin , Huang Zhen , Sun Penghao , Dong Fuhao , Liu He , Wang Dan , Xu Xu
Published: March 2023

A tough adhesive hydrogel composed of cellulose nanofibril, poly acrylic-acid with a tight hydrogen-bond network is realized via turning the perceived intrinsic flaws of sweat into merits, showing great potential in self-powered e-skins.
Theoretical investigation of the influence of heterocycles on the radiative and non-radiative decay processes of iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Luo Yafei , Tang Lingkai , Chen Zhongzhu , Xu Zhigang , Hu Jianping , Tang Dianyong
Published: March 2023

By means of density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, the radiative and non-radiative decay processes of iridium(iii) complexes are investigated to explore the role of N-heterocyclic moieties in chelating ligands.
Self-assembled A–D–A type indacenodithiophene-based small conjugated molecule/TiO2 for enhancing the photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhu Enwei , Yang Tingyu , Du Juan , Liu Chunbo , Ma Chunhong , Guo Haiyong
Published: March 2023

IDT-COOH/TiO2 photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized via in situ electrostatic assembly. 7 log inactivation of S. aureus in 2 h and 92.5% decomposition of TC in 4 h under visible light illumination are achieved for 30% IDT-COOH/TiO2.
RETRACTED: Machine learning based load prediction in smart‐grid under different contract scenario
Authors: Yadav Piyush Kumar , Bhasker Rajnish , Stonier Albert Alexander , Peter Geno , Vijayakumar Arun , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: March 2023

Many progressed information scientific strategies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and profound learning methods, have been proposed and tracked down wide applications in our general public. This proposition creates information driven arrangements by utilizing the most recent profound learning and AI innovation, including outfit learning, meta‐learning and move learning, for energy the executives framework issues. Genuine world datasets are tried on proposed models contrasted and best in class plans, which exhibit the predominant presentation of the proposed model. In this proposition, the engineering of the Smart Grid testbed is additionally planned and created by using ML calculations and true remote correspondence frameworks to such an extent that constant plan necessities of Smart Grid testbed is met by this reconfigurable system with stacking of full convention in medium access control (MAC) and physical layers (PHY). The proposed engineering has the reconfiguration property in view of the organization of remote correspondence and trend setting innovations of Information and communication technologies (ICT) which incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI) calculation. The fundamental plan objectives of the Smart Grid testbed is to make it simple to construct, reconfigure and scale to address the framework level prerequisites and to address the ongoing necessities.
Modal parameter calculation and vibration characteristic analysis of transmission line conductor
Authors: Huang Xinbo , Lu Xudong , Zhao Long , Feng Guoze
Published: March 2023

Structural damage identification technology based on modal parameters is an extremely effective monitoring method. Because of the structural characteristics of the conductor, with its small diameter and long span, it is not easy to obtain the modal parameters by manual excitation. Here, a method for structural health monitoring of the conductor under wind load excitation is proposed. Firstly, the natural frequency change law of the conductor after broken strand damage is obtained by analyzing the conductor modal parameters calculation formula and IEEE standards. Then, the vibration characteristics are calculated by vibration experiments and finite element methods. Finally, through the broken strand experiment, this paper demonstrates how to determine the damage degree of the conductor using the modal parameters. And it is applied to online monitoring in the field. The results show that this method is convenient, fast, and accurate.
Washed core and tracer tests data guide the characterization of single sand body in Low Permeable Reservoir
Authors: Qin Guoying
Published: March 2023

A Oilfield is Fluvial Facies Low Permeable Reservoir, main layer is Low bend distributary channel sand body deposition, In order to better understand the distribution of single sand body and remaining oil in the reservoir, inspection well coring and tracer tests have been carried out successively in the same well area of the oilfield, based on these data, it is found that, the actual distribution of single sand body is very different from the original description in both vertical and plane. Discovered by the inspection well core data, the scale of the vertical single-phase body was too large. It was originally considered to be the mudstone interlayer inside the 0.2m single sand body, which is actually the interlayer between different single sand bodies, and this situation was confirmed by the trace data five years later. The distribution position and scale of single sand body on the plane are also different from the original description. It was thought that the oil and water well sand body with good internal connection in the same single sand body is actually not connected. Therefore, the experience of these data on vertical and horizontal single sand body identification is summarized to guide the subsequent single sand body characterization of the oilfield, so as to better guide the oilfield to describe the remaining oil and adjust and tap the potential.
Gas distributor for ultra-large air blow-out bromine extraction plant
Authors: Chai Shujing , Zhang Wenyan , Yu Xiaoyu , Hao Xiaocui , Li Tao , Wang Zejiang , Liu Wei
Published: March 2023

The initial distribution of gas and liquid is one of the key factors that determine the operation efficiency of packed towers. The development of a gas distributor for ultra-large air blow-out bromine extraction plant can improve operation efficiency, save energy and reduce consumption. In order to develop the gas distributor for ultra-large air blow-out bromine extraction plant, the guidelines for evaluating gas distributors are clarified in this paper, and six kinds of commonly gas distributor are compared in detail. Considering gas distribution inhomogeneity, liquid foam entrainment rates and distributor pressure drop, the double tangential circulation type gas distributor is the first choice in the ultra-large air blow-out method bromine extraction plant.
Application of Mobile Vibration Online Comparison Sensor in Wind Power Field
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Jinshan , Tian Wenqiang , Bao Zhiqiang , Wang Bao , Gou Yanxu
Published: March 2023

MEMS sensor is a new type of sensor manufactured by micro electronics and micro machining technology. Compared with traditional sensors, it has the characteristics of small size, light weight, low cost, low power consumption, high reliability, suitable for batch production, easy integration and intelligent realization. This project adopts a multi in one sensor based on MEMS principle. The sensor is a wireless passive three-axis sensor that integrates acceleration, speed, displacement, temperature, inclination and other parameters. It is very convenient to install and disassemble, and can realize the cycle monitoring of the whole wind field.
Trichomonas tenax induces barrier defects and modulates the inflammatory cytotoxicity of gingival and pulmonary epithelial cells
Authors: Hong Zih-Bin , Lai Yu-Ting , Chen Chun-Hsien , Chen Yi-Jen , Chen Chien-Chin , Lin Wei-Chen
Published: March 2023

Background: Trichomonas tenax is a single-cell flagellated anaerobic organism, commensal in the human oral cavity. Although a previous study indicated that T. tenax could cause cell damage and phagocytose host epithelial cells, its pathological effects on gum cells remain unknown. Furthermore, several case reports have detected T. tenax in several patients with empyema and/or pleural effusion, which may have been aspirated from the oral cavity. However, the cytotoxic effects and immune responses of alveolar cells are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic and immune effects of T. tenax on gums and pulmonary cell lines. The cytopathic effect and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were used to determine the level of cell damage in gum and lung epithelial cells. Western blot was used to determine the disruption of cell junctions. Finally, epithelial cell cytokines were measured using ELISA to elucidate the immune response to T. tenax. Results: We found that T. tenax induced a cytotoxic effect on gum epithelial cells by disrupting cell junctions; however, it hardly triggered cellular damage in alveolar A549 cells and mucoepidermoid NCI-H292 cells. Furthermore, T. tenax induced the production of IL-6 at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) in gum, A549, and NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that T. tenax can trigger gingival cell cytotoxicity, disrupt cell junctions, and induce IL-6 production in gingival and pulmonary cell lines.
Role of transduodenal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) for diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond’s disease)
Authors: Wiedbrauck Damian , Flemming Peer , Hollerbach Stephan
Published: March 2023

Background Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), often referred to as Ormond’s disease when it is of idiopathic origin, is a rare disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and periaortic masses in the retroperitoneum. For a definite diagnosis, a biopsy and subsequent pathological examination is required. Currently accepted methods for retroperitoneal biopsy include open, laparoscopic, or CT-guided approaches. However, transduodenal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) for diagnosis of RPF has attracted only little attention in the literature.

Case Reports We report two male patient cases who presented with leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and a suspicious retroperitoneal mass of unknown origin on computed tomography. One patient also reported left lower quadrant pain, whereas the other patient suffered from back pain and weight loss. In both patients, idiopathic RPF was successfully diagnosed by using transduodenal EUS-FNA/FNB with 22- and 20-gauge aspiration needles. Histopathology revealed dense lymphocytic infiltrates and fibrosis. The procedures lasted approximately 25 and 20 minutes, respectively, and in both patients no serious adverse events occurred. Treatment included steroid therapy and administration of Azathioprine.

Conclusion We demonstrate that using EUS-FNA/FNB to diagnose RPF is a feasible, fast, and safe method, which should always be considered as a first-line diagnostic modality. Hence, this case report emphasizes that gastrointestinal endoscopists are likely to play an important role in the setting of suspected RPF.
Resting-State Functional MRI/PET Profile as a Potential Alternative to Tri-Modality EEG-MR/PET Imaging: An Exploratory Study in Drug-Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Mangalore Sandhya , Peer Sameer , Khokhar Sunil Kumar , Bharath Rose Dawn , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Saini Jitender , Sinha Sanjib , Kishore Vyasaraj Kalya , Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary , Asranna Ajay , Lakshminarayanapuram Gopal Vishwanath , Kenchaiah Raghavendra , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Sadashiva Nishanth , Rao Malla Bhaskara , Mahadevan Anita , Rajeswaran Jamuna , Kumar Keshav , Thennarasu Kandavel
Published: March 2023

Objective The study explores whether the epileptic networks associate with predetermined seizure onset zone (SOZ) identified from other modalities such as electroencephalogram/video electroencephalogram/structural MRI (EEG/VEEG/sMRI) and with the degree of resting-state functional MRI/positron emission tomography (RS-fMRI/PET) coupling. Here, we have analyzed the subgroup of patients who reported having a seizure on the day of scan as postictal cases and compared the findings with interictal cases (seizure-free interval).

Methods We performed independent component analysis (ICA) on RS-fMRI and 20 ICA were hand-labeled as large scale, noise, downstream, and epilepsy networks (Epinets) based on their profile in spatial, time series, and power spectrum domains. We had a total of 43 cases, with 4 cases in the postictal group (100%). Of 39 cases, 14 cases did not yield any Epinet and 25 cases (61%) were analyzed for the final study. The analysis was done patient-wise and correlated with predetermined SOZ.

Results The yield of finding Epinets on RS-fMRI is more during the postictal period than in the interictal period, although PET and RS-fMRI spatial, time series, and power spectral patterns were similar in both these subgroups. Overlaps between large-scale and downstream networks were noted, indicating that epilepsy propagation can involve large-scale cognition networks. Lateralization to SOZ was noted as blood oxygen level–dependent activation and correlated with sMRI/PET findings. Postoperative surgical failure cases showed residual Epinet profile.

Conclusion RS-fMRI may be a viable option for trimodality imaging to obtain simultaneous physiological information at the functional network and metabolic level.
Gingko Leaf Sign: A Classical Imaging Finding in Spinal Meningiomas
Authors: Krishnan Prasad
Published: March 2023

The common imaging features surgeons use to distinguish spinal meningiomas from spinal nerve sheath tumors on magnetic resonance (MR) scans include the presence of the “dural tail sign” on contrast-enhanced MR images, hypointensity of the lesion on T2 sequences, presence of calcifications, lack of extraspinal dumbbell extension, and the lack of cystic changes in the lesion. We highlight the rarely described finding–the “Gingko-Leaf” sign that is caused by the stretched denticulate ligament as it extends laterally, through the tumor, from the compressed spinal cord.
Enteral Access: A Review of Technique, Complications, and Management Strategies
Authors: HonShideler Curtis , Manzar Bushra , Bader Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Percutaneous enteral access for nutritional support may be required for a wide host of comorbid conditions, including processes such as obstructive head and neck tumors, esophageal tumors, neurologic/neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or stroke, chronic gastric outlet obstruction, small bowel obstruction, and motility disorders. Given this demand, it is important for providers to be aware of the complications associated with percutaneous radiologic enteral access and how to manage them. We herein provide a brief overview of complications related to enteral access, including anatomic, technical, preventative, and management considerations.
Traversing Their Path to the Peripheral Smear: The Journey of Traumatized Red Blood Cells
Authors: Mannem Chethana , Saher Tuba , Ramdas Gayathri Bilagali
Published: March 2023

Background Thrombotic microangiopathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, of which thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura being a medical emergency requires prompt intervention, with schistocytes being a reliable morphological indicator of microvascular injury. However, there are conditions other than thrombotic microangiopathic anemia where schistocytes can be seen in large numbers. These nonthrombotic microangiopathic conditions are broadly grouped under cytoskeletal abnormalities, mechanical damage, and thermal injuries. Automated methods in schistocyte evaluation have shown varied reproducibility requiring manual identification. International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) recommends standardized morphological criteria and quantitative assessment as a percentage after counting at least 1,000 red blood cells in optimal areas of smear to reduce interobserver variability.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantitate schistocytes in thrombotic microangiopathic and nonthrombotic microangiopathic groups using ICSH guidelines and to evaluate interobserver reproducibility of manual schistocyte count.

Materials and Methods Overall, 157 peripheral blood smears showing schistocytes were studied by two independent observers using ICSH recommendations on light microscopy. The hematological findings were correlated with clinical diagnosis and other relevant investigations.

Results Schistocytes were observed in five cases of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia and 152 cases of nonthrombotic microangiopathic anemia. Schistocyte count in thrombotic microangiopathic anemia and nonthrombotic microangiopathic anemia groups with mean (±standard deviation) value was 2.28 ± 2.65% and 0.76 ± 0.67%, respectively (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the two observers was 0.59 (confidence interval = 0.966–1.346) showing an excellent agreement on the reproducibility of schistocytes by application of ICSH guidelines.

Conclusion Percentage of schistocytes more than 1% is a robust morphological indicator for diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia in adults. Strict application of ICSH guidelines reduces interobserver bias.
Sparse regression for plasma physics
Authors: Kaptanoglu Alan A. , Hansen Christopher , Lore Jeremy D. , Landreman Matt , Brunton Steven L.
Published: March 2023

Many scientific problems can be formulated as sparse regression, i.e., regression onto a set of parameters when there is a desire or expectation that some of the parameters are exactly zero or do not substantially contribute. This includes many problems in signal and image processing, system identification, optimization, and parameter estimation methods such as Gaussian process regression. Sparsity facilitates exploring high-dimensional spaces while finding parsimonious and interpretable solutions. In the present work, we illustrate some of the important ways in which sparse regression appears in plasma physics and point out recent contributions and remaining challenges to solving these problems in this field. A brief review is provided for the optimization problem and the state-of-the-art solvers, especially for constrained and high-dimensional sparse regression.
The magneto-mechanic hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials based on the magnetic domain theory
Authors: Gong Cheng , Jin Ke , Kou Yong
Published: March 2023

In the paper, a magneto-mechanic hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials is suggested by considering the effect of the domain rotation and domain wall motion on the magnetization process under prestress and the applied magnetic field. The coercive force, which is magneto-mechanic dependent, is proposed instead of a pinning constant in the Jiles–Atherton model. The model can well predict the characteristics of a magnetization-applied field curve and magnetostrictive strain-applied field curve shown in the experiment, especially the “overturn phenomenon” under different compressive prestresses. Furthermore, the effect of the microstructure parameter, such as the ratio of the domain wall thickness to the internal stress wavelength, the amplitude of internal stress, the ratio of the domain wall thickness to the inclusion radius, and inclusion consistency, on coercive force under applied prestress can also be described by the model. The comparison between the results predicted by the model and experiment shows that the model is suited for a wide-ranging applied magnetic field.
Factors controlling heteroepitaxial phase formation at intermetallic-Al3Sc/liquid interfaces
Authors: Wilkinson Hunter , Boyd Brianne , O’Connell John M. , Knox Reilly , Rinehart Alex J. , Majumdar Bhaskar S. , Choudhuri Deep
Published: March 2023

The mechanism of face-centered-cubic (FCC)-Al formation at an L12-Al3Sc/liquid-Al interface was investigated on the basis of interfacial structure and misfit strains, by using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). These simulations were performed using Born–Oppenheimer dynamics, where pressure and temperature was controlled using a Parrinello–Rahman barostat and Langevin thermostat, respectively. Through this approach, we compared the relative stability of (001)Al3Sc/liquid-Al and (111)Al3Sc/liquid-Al interfaces and examined their effect on the heterogeneous nucleation of FCC-Al. Enhanced interfacial bonding along ⟨001⟩Al3Sc stabilized the (001)Al3Sc/liquid-Al, and formed in-liquid ordered layer resembling (002)FCC. Subsequently, the (001)Al3Sc/liquid-Al interface was subjected to stepwise cooling from 1450 to 950 K. The (002)-ordered layer was found to promote layer-by-layer epitaxial growth of FCC-coordinated regions to ∼25% fraction. During cooling, the resulting misfit strains—at (001)Al3Sc/(002)-ordered layer and (001)Al3Sc/(002)FCC−Al interfaces—ranged from −7.4 to 0.5% within 1450–950 K. The magnitude of such misfit strains reduced significantly between 1250 and 950 K, and this trend coincided with a sharp increase in FCC coordination. Thus, AIMD simulations revealed heteroepitaxial formation of FCC-Al on the (001) faces of intermetallic Al3Sc, and that this mechanism is closely associated with a reduction in misfit strains. Our findings motivate the search for new elements that will stabilize potent L12-like structures and produce grain-refinement in Al-based alloys.
Temporal trends in estimated breeding values for daughter fertility in Holstein and Jersey cows in the Australian dairy industry
Authors: Morton John
Published: March 2023

Context Milk yield and fertility are negatively genetically correlated in dairy cows, so selection for milk yield would be expected to result in genetic deterioration in fertility unless there is concurrent selection for fertility. Aim The main study aim was to describe temporal trends in estimated breeding values (Australian Breeding Values, ABVs) for daughter fertility for Holstein and Jersey cows in Australian dairy herds. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using milk recording and ABV data from cows in commercial dairy herds. Calvings and lactations from 1980 to 2022 were used, along with ABVs for cows that calved over that period and for sires of those cows. Herd-year mean estimated breeding values were calculated for each breed as the means for cows of that breed that calved in the herd that year. Key results Daughter fertility ABVs declined (i.e. deteriorated) markedly in Holsteins in the Australian dairy industry, commencing before 1980. Rates of decline were most rapid in sires, less rapid in cows and least rapid at herd level. Selection pressure for cows with higher daughter fertility ABVs due to cow culling decisions was probably occurring within Australian herds but any such effect was minimal. The decline in cow daughter fertility ABVs is being reversed, but recovery of herd means in the study population has been slow. The rate of decline in daughter fertility ABVs in Jersey cows was less than for Holsteins. Conclusions Over a period of genetic deterioration, then recovery for a trait, genetic trends in sires are not closely related to genetic trends at herd level. The rapid decline in daughter fertility ABVs for sires probably resulted in substantial reductions in herd reproductive performance and cow longevity in Holstein herds in the Australian dairy industry. Under current trends, it will be a considerable time before the adverse effects of the decline in daughter fertility ABVs are fully reversed. Implications An important ongoing task for animal breeding is to identify and monitor traits that may become important for farmers and community in future but may be declining genetically under current selection decisions.