bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assisted dying and voluntary euthanasia: awareness and perception among health care professionals in a tertiary care centre, South India
Authors: Kothari Ashutosh , Premarajan K. C. , Adinarayanan Sethuramachandran
Published: May 2020

Background: On March 2018, the supreme court of India adjudicated passive euthanasia legal which was termed as obsolete by Indian Council of Medical Research. There are varied opinions because of difference in terminologies used in the country. As per the current Indian legislations, the procedure of voluntary euthanasia and assisted dying is illegal. Hence, this study aims in understanding the awareness and perception towards the same.   Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the 369 health care professionals employed in the selected departments of a tertiary care institute during the study period. The questionnaire used was content validated and pre-tested before administering it to the participants. It consisted of five domains (in a five-point Likert scale) and were summarized as proportions.Results: Most of the doctors (64%) and nurses (59.3%) said that euthanasia is illegal in India. About one fourth of the responders encountered a situation where the patient asked for assisted dying or voluntary euthanasia. A total of 65.3% of the participants agreed that it is helping the patient to die and not killing them.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the health care professionals had favourable responses for half of the statements. Re-looking into the verdict by the supreme court of India, standardising the terminologies and advocating for ‘advance medical directive’ would be welcoming steps in deciding the future of assisted dying/voluntary euthanasia in the country.
Polio vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in a health block in North Kerala
Authors: Lakshmanan Manju Thandayan , Karunakaran Usha
Published: May 2020

Background: Polio (poliomyelitis) is a highly infectious viral disease which affects the nervous system and can result in irreversible paralysis within hours. There is no cure for polio, hence it becomes necessary to prevent the disease through vaccination. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the polio vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in a health block in Kannur, North Kerala.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the children in the age group of 12-23 months residing in Pappinisseri block of Kannur district. Stratified random sampling was used. The details of 321 children were obtained using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 spread sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software.Results: Of the 321 children, males constituted 173 (54%) and females constituting 148 (46%). The total coverage of oral polio vaccines (OPV) (considering OPV-0, 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses) was found to be 92.8% and the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) coverage (IPV 1st and 2nd doses) to be 90.7%. Also, majority of the respondents were unaware of the use of OPV and IPV vaccines in the UIP.Conclusions: In spite of the efforts taken by the Government and the health officials, the OPV and IPV coverage has not reached 100% and also, the knowledge of mothers regarding the diseases prevented by the vaccines were very low. The reasons for this needs to be further evaluated.
Assessment and association of tobacco affecting oral health of workers of a factory
Authors: Singhvi Shreyans D. , Singh Preksha T. , Khan Rafe
Published: May 2020

Background: Occupational health diseases have become severe in the present scenario of the world. In our study, we assessed the oral health of the workers along with association of factors affecting the oral health. The factor mainly studied was tobacco consumption. Thus, the study is extremely important to study the oral health of workers as they are more prone to develop oral lesions and less likely to access medical help for the same.Methods: A cross sectional study of 240 workers of a textile factory was studied using a structural self-constructed questionnaire was used in the study. A well informed verbal consent was taken by the participants of the study. It had open and closed ended questions. Further, oral health of the workers were assessed with current and past history, medical history and addiction his-tory. Oral health was checked and the oral lesions of the participants were studied. Oral le-sions as well as pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions were studied.Results: During the study it was found that maximum participants reported of tobacco chewing (50.41%), while males reported of tobacco addiction history more than females. Oral health was assessed and oral lesions were examined. 62% of the participants had no oral lesions while 38% participants presented with oral lesions. Positive association between tobacco consumption and oral lesions was found.Conclusions: Addiction history is very important during examination of oral health, as tobacco and alcohol are major factors affecting oral health.
Assessment of self-efficacy and academic performance of medical students
Authors: Saxena Manoj Kumar , Sharma Anshuman
Published: May 2020

Background: In present scenario academic self-efficacy is an important key factor to assess academic progress among students, so that their outcome in exams can be enhanced. The aim of this study was to assess academic self-efficacy among medical students according to present curriculum.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 120 students of Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa (MP). Samples were selected from exam going students of third professional examination, either current batch or detained batch. A self-administrated, structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from the undergraduates. Assessment according to objective questions from their current syllabus was done to assess academic self-efficacy, the study adapted the questions framed by faculty members of third professional students. 200 questions from all the subjects of third year were included. Data were collected and data analysis was done by applying proper statistical tests.Results: The mean academic self-efficacy in boys was 76.03. Maximum marks obtained were 178/200 among boys and 189/200 among girls. The mean scores of all students were not significantly associated with mean scores from their academic session in college.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that more aged students have less academic self-efficacy as compared to their younger batch mates. Females and males were equally sincere in terms of their academic efficacy. Study pattern of medical students is curriculum based.
Heat stroke: what goes on at vascular level?
Authors: Iftikhar Abeer , Sohail Hamza
Published: May 2020

Heat stroke is the most calamitous consequence of environmental heat stress affecting every age group that can be traced back to more than 2000 years. It can be defined as a form of hyperthermia associated with a systemic inflammatory response leading to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in which encephalopathy predominates. Based on its etiology, heat stroke can be divided into classic (resulting from exposure to high environmental temperatures) (called classic or non-exertional heat stroke) or exertional heat stroke (from strenuous exercise).
DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Perera HTUK , Nishantha B
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: This study is focused to investigate the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students in Sri Lanka.

Methodology: The research model comprises seven independent variables i.e. entrepreneurial attitude, perceived self-efficacy, social capital, demographic factors, perceived financial support, perceived regulatory support, perceived technical vocational education, and training and dependent variables of entrepreneurial intention. The primary data was collected through administering structured questionnaires among a hundred and twenty-eight TVET students represented by three TVET sector institutions in Sri Lanka. Linear regression was applied to test the hypotheses.

Main Findings: The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant impact of the variables of entrepreneurial attitudes and perceived technical vocational education and training on entrepreneurial intention of TVET students of Sri Lanka. TVET student attitudes pertaining to entrepreneurship intention are positive since they perceive that TVET enhances their entrepreneurship education and this is very important to the policymakers in entrepreneurship development to initiate effective strategies to foster entrepreneurship for TVET students.

Implications: This research study provides an academic contribution to enhance the entrepreneurial intention among the TVET students in Sri Lanka.
Informe de la FIGO sobre monitoreo e información de mortalidad y morbilidad perinatales
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: May 2020

Este informe, resultante del taller del Comité de Mortalidad y Morbilidad Perinatal de Heidelberg, fué presentado al 10o Congreso Mundial de F.I.G.O., que tuvo lugar en San Francisco, en Octubre de 1982. Este informe recibió total aprobación y apoyo tanto del Comité Ejecutivo, cuanto de la Asamblea General integrada por los delegados de las sociedades miembros.
Estudio de 90 casos de cáncer del cervix uterino tratados con cirugía radical
Authors: Zuñiga C. Jorge E.
Published: May 2020

En 90 pacientes de la clínica de tumores del Servicio de Ginecología en el Hospital Universitario de Cali, se practicó anexohisterectomía radical por la técnica de O'KABAYASHI. Todos los casos pertenecían al estadio clínico IB. Los pacientes se seleccionaron según el riesgo quirúrgico. Se practicaron los estudios para-clínicos para una cirugía mayor. La preparación de la vagina se hizo con óvulos de Cloranfenicol. Siempre se hizo drenaje de las fosas ilíacas por 4 días, y la sonda vesical permaneció por 8 días; se utilizaron antisépticos urinarios.La mayoría de las pacientes provenían de la zona urbana, de una edad entre 31—50 años (66%). En 51 casos había multiparidad (más de 6 hijos). En 85 casos se encontró Carcinoma Epidermoide. En 5 casos el tumor se asociaba a embarazo del 1o. y 2o. trimestre. El promedio de ganglios extirpados por caso fue 20-30.En sólo un caso de los estadios IB se encontraron ganglios metastásicos. Los accidentes operatorios fueron mínimos. No tuvimos mortalidad operatoria.La principal causa de morbilidad fue la infección urinaria (sonda por 8 días), fístulas vesico-vaginal 4 casos. Fístulas recto-vaginal 1 caso.En 64 casos, que tenían más de 5 años de tratamiento, sólo se logró hacer seguimiento adecuado en 32 casos (50%), todos libres de enfermedad en ese período de tiempo.Se presenta el análisis de 90 casos tratados en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Universitario de Cali, Colombia.Estas pacientes provienen de la consulta de Oncología Ginecológica y proceden del área del Departamento del Valle del Cauca y Departamentos vecinos (Cauca — Nariño — Chocó — Risaralda — Quindío).El estudio comprende la década de 1967 - 1976.
Mortalidad materna Instituto Materno Infantil 1976 -1980
Authors: Muñoz González Luis Armando , Ñañez Burbano Heliodoro , Becerra Corredor Epifanio , Klevens Joanne
Published: May 2020

Se revisa la mortalidad materna ocurrida en el Instituto Materno Infantil de Bogotá, Colombia durante cinco años (1976-1980).Se encontró una tasa de mortalidad de 25.04 x 10.000 nacidos vivos. Se observó una tendencia descendente en la mortalidad de la institución en los últimos 15 años.El mayor número de muertes registradas, se debieron a causa directa (87.8%), a expensas principalmente de la infección ocasionada por el aborto provocado, (66%).Dentro de la infección se anota un alto porcentaje de ella ocurrida en la etapa puerperal (34%).Se considera que en una tercera parte de las pacientes fallecidas fueron remitidas de otros organismos de salud en estado terminal.La mortalidad materna de causa indirecta se considera evitable mediante una asesoría oportuna a estas pacientes.La atención institucional y médica tuvo efectos desfavorables en la evolución de las enfermas en un 9% y un 18.65% respectivamente.Dentro de las recomendaciones se plantea la necesidad de intensificar campañas de educación sexual, planificación familiar y consulta prenatal, a través de los organismos encargados de hacerlo.Se insiste en mejorar los presupuestos hospitalarios destinados a la atención materno-infantil, conformar verdaderos equipos docente-asistenciales con el fin de supervisar eficientemente el adiestramiento de pre y postgrado y de esta manera elevar el nivel asistencial.Finalmente integrar o mantener los Comités de Mortalidad en los hospitales.
Cirugía oncológica pélvica en pacientes de edad avanzada
Authors: Lichtinger Moisés
Published: May 2020

Se revisaron los casos de ochenta y nueve pacientes de más de 75 años que fueron sometidas a cirugía mayor debido a diferentes lesiones malignas ginecológicas. El reciente uso rutinario de cuidados intensivos perioperatorios disminuyó la mortalidad hospitalaria de un 8.9% a un 3.2% y contribuyó a la disminución y a la anticipación de complicaciones cardiorespiratorias trans y postoperatorias. A partir de 1980 la disponibilidad de enfermeras visitantes disminuyó la permanencia hospitalaria promedio de 30.2 a 24.4 días en pacientes que fueron sometidas a vulvectomía radical. No hubo mortalidad en 11 pacientes que fueron subsecuentemente sometidas a reexploración debido a recurrencia o nueva enfermedad quirúrgica. Cincuenta y dos de las 89 pacientes sobrevivieron más de 3 años sin que presentasen impedimentos o limitaciones como resultado de las operaciones. En pacientes de más de 75 años, la cirugía mayor electiva debida a lesiones malignas ginecológicas puede efectuarse sin riesgo, especialmente cuando la paciente es evaluada y supervisada por miembros de una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgicos.
Utilidad de la biopsia de ovario por laparoscopia
Authors: Onatra H. William , Lagos G. Manuel , Bernal Héctor Enrique , Alvarado P. Ricardo
Published: May 2020

En el estudio de las pacientes con problemas ginecológicos de orden endocrino y de infertilidad se ha utilizado la técnica de laparoscopia para visualizar los órganos pélvicos y además para la toma de biopsia ovárica para complementar y confirmar el diagnóstico clínico (1 ), (2), (3). Al mejorar los procedimientos no sólo se pudieron visualizar estas estructuras sino que se idearon instrumentos técnicos para practicar pequeñas cirugías como resección de quistes de ovario, miomas, embarazos ectópicos incipientes.
Cesárea programada y cesárea de urgencia estudio comparativo. Valor de la ecografía
Authors: Sánchez Aldana Luis Jorge , Tello Gómez David A.
Published: May 2020

Se hace el análisis de los resultados clínicos obtenidos en 280 pacientes de la Clínica San Pedro Claver ISS en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.E. durante los meses de julio de 1982 a junio de 1983.Se clasificaron como:Grupo A: Pacientes con cesárea anterior en trabajo de parto sin morbilidad aparente, membranas íntegras y buen estado clínico.Grupo B: Pacientes programadas para cesárea electiva, sin trabajo de parto, con ecografía que diagnosticara placenta madura y una indicación obstétrica absoluta de cesárea.En los dos grupos, no se halló diferencia significativa de las causas de cesárea, ni en el peso de los recién nacidos.En el grupo B se encontró un mayor índice de paridad y edad de las pacientes así como menos infección puerperal y menor estancia hospitalaria estadísticamente significativas.En el grupo B no se halló correlación entre las edades de los recién nacidos determinadas por la fecha de la última regla, valoración pediátrica y ecográfica.La comparación de los casos de S.D.R. (Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria), en ningún caso membrana hialina, en los dos grupos no mostró diferencia significativa.Basados en estos resultados recomendados la cesárea programada como una conducta de elección en los servicios osbtétricos, para disminuir la morbimortalidad materno infantil en las pacientes de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico.
Crecimiento fetal en el Hospital Universitario Ramón González Valencia
Authors: Mora Restrepo Reinaldo , Orostegui S. Abelardo , Bueno S. César Augusto , Arias I. Enrique
Published: May 2020

En 2.000 recién nacidos vivos, 1.023 del sexo femenino y 977 del masculino, se calcularon curvas de crecimiento fetal relacionando el peso, la talla, el perímetro cefálico y el índice pondoestatural con la edad gestacional.Para la elaboración de las curvas patrones se excluyeron los hijos de madres con alguna patología, los gemelares, los malformados, los hijos de fumadoras, de madres con amenorrea dudosa o que hubieran ingerido anticonceptivos en los tres meses anteriores a la última regla.Se realizaron medidas entre las semanas 36 y 42 de la gestación.La ganancia pondoestatural entre las semanas estudiadas fue uniformemente progresiva y por los estimativos máximo y mínimo podemos concluir que la población sobre la cual nuestro hospital tiene influencia fue muy homogénea en sus características.Se encontró un ligero predominio de los parámetros estudiados del sexo masculino sobre el sexo femenino.Por la revisión de estudios extranjeros encontramos diferencias grandes especialmente en la distribución de los pesos al nacimiento. No comparamos nuestros hallazgos con algún estudio institucional nacional por no haber hallado ninguna referencia.
Mortalidad materna en el Instituto Materno Infantil de Bogotá años: 1981-1982
Authors: Becerra Corredor Epifanio
Published: May 2020

La tasa de mortalidad materna es un fiel indicador de la calidad de los programas que en atención a la embarazada brinda un país o un organismo de salud determinado. Es posible deducir a través de esta tasa el desarrollo cultural, social, económico y tecnológico alcanzado en el lugar donde se analizan sus resultados, (6, 14).
АЛГОРИТМЫ БЕЗДАТЧИКОВОГО ОТКАЗОУСТОЙЧИВОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЕНТИЛЬНО-ИНДУКТОРНЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЕМ НАСОСА ДЛЯ ДОБЫЧИ НЕФТИ
Authors: Однокопылов Георгий Иванович , Розаев Иван Андреевич
Published: May 2020

Актуальность.Нефтегазовая отрасль России сегодня одна из самых быстро развивающихся в стране. Высокие темпы развития предполагают внедрениеновых технологий и значительную модернизацию технологических комплексов, входящих в состав производственной базы. В частности, исполнительных двигателей насосов добычи и транспортировки ископаемого топлива. Надёжное и бесперебойное функционирование двигателя насоса является конкурентным преимуществом. Для снижения вероятных простоев оборудования и недоотпуска нефти предлагается использовать современный вентильно-индукторный электродвигатель в качестве исполнительного двигателя насоса добычи нефти. Существующие разработки показывают конкурентные преимущества этого типа электродвигателя при доработке системы управления и применении алгоритмов отказоустойчивого управления. Повысить отказоустойчивость и расширить области применения вентильно-индукторного электродвигателя позволяет использование бездатчикового управления. На сегодняшний день в технической литературе данная тематика проработана недостаточно глубоко, а математическая и имитационная модели бездатчикового управления вентильно-индукторным электроприводом в аварийном неполнофазном режиме работы ранее рассмотрены не были. Цель: разработка алгоритмов отказоустойчивого бездатчикового управления исполнительным вентильно-индукторным электродвигателем в неполнофазных режимах работы; обеспечение корректности переключения структуры управления при обрыве фазы; повышение отказоустойчивости вентильно-индукторного электродвигателя насоса в аварийных режимах работы путем подключения алгоритмов отказоустойчивого управления при переключении структуры управления. Объект:четырехфазный вентильно-индукторный электродвигатель насоса добычи или транспортировки нефти в аварийных неполнофазных режимах работы. Методы: математическое и имитационное моделирование, программирование в среде MatlabSimulink. Результаты. Разработаны математическая и имитационная модели бездатчикового отказоустойчивого четырехфазного вентильно-индукторного электропривода в аварийном режиме работы.  Получен алгоритм бездатчикового отказоустойчивого управления насосом с вентильно-индукторным электродвигателем в аварийном режиме работы. Получены характеристики насоса добычи нефти в неполнофазном режиме работы исполнительного вентильно-индукторного электродвигателя с применением алгоритма отказоустойчивого управления.
Use of fixed combinations in the modern student’s speech
Authors: Mileshina Larisa V. , Piskunova Svetlana V.
Published: May 2020

We consider the issue of fixed combinations associated with their use, the relationship with the system of phraseological units and memes in the speech of a modern student. We determine the semantics and function of some popular speech units formed due to the influence of Internet communication, this affects the state of the language culture of the people. We reveal the most frequent memes in students’ oral speech. The reasons why memes in oral speech have replaced phraseological units become expression mean constantly using these fixed combinations on the Internet. It was found that students, among whom the majorities are active users of the network, react to the repetition of memes, their brightness, and relevance for the expression of the emotions. Short-term, constant updating gives these combinations the novelty effect. The desire for adequate communication in school society, lacking sufficient experience of speech creativity form its own system of language expression of students, as well as the productivity of the fixed combinations use. The constant use of fixed units of a new type introduces them into the limits of personal relationships, acquires the character of a system, so it negatively affects not only the culture of communicants.
Uma análise discursiva de ementas de psicopatologia em cursos de psicologia
Authors: Sathler Conrado Neves , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador
Published: May 2020

Apresentamos os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa sobre o ensino de Psicopatologia em cursos brasileiros de Psicologia e, neste recorte, nosso corpus se compôs de 5 (cinco) ementas, uma de cada região do país. O objetivo desta investigação, filiada aos estudos foucaultianos, é a discussão das relações entre modos de produção de subjetividade, governamentalidade, biopolítica e disciplina. Os resultados apontam para a aceitação da hipótese de que o ensino da Psicopatologia contribui para que a Educação seja tomada como dispositivo de (re)produção de subjetividades ligadas aos mecanismos de controle e administração de corpos e populações. O objeto de estudo da disciplina, as relações discursivas presentes neste campo e as técnicas de intervenção fundamentam intervenções profissionais de consequências éticas significativas ao País.
Trabalho pedagógico dos professores na escola
Authors: Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: May 2020

Apresentam-se os argumentos em seções inter-relacionadas sobre a desinstitucionalização relacionada à dessimbolização, os efeitos desses processos no trabalho pedagógico dos professores. Tal sequência argumentativa tem como método a sistematização do que se lê, do que se vivencia na condição de pesquisador sobre o tema trabalho e do se passa a elaborar como considerações. Dessa vivência, vão-se produzindo argumentos apresentados de modo inter-relacionado, com o intuito de aprofundar entendimentos acerca do trabalho pedagógico, aqui recortado como o trabalho dos professores na escola e elaborar questionamentos que darão continuidade aos estudos, pois este é o objetivo de uma sistematização. Então, o trabalho pedagógico apresenta-se como possibilidade de os professores encontrarem condições de autoria, pertença e novos significados para o trabalho que produzem.
El compromiso de la Universidad de Granada con la internacionalización: un estudio de caso
Authors: López María Carmen López , Moya Emilio Crisol
Published: May 2020

Las instituciones de Educación Superior deben aprender a valorar y gestionar las consecuencias que derivan de los nuevos escenarios sociopolíticos, económicos y culturales de naturaleza transnacional. En las dos últimas décadas, la universidad ha experimentado un proceso de transformación y expansión internacional, aunque no exento de polémica. Junto a las presiones que apelan a su compromiso con el desarrollo económico, influidas por la política neoliberal, se unen aquellas otras que reivindican su contribución al desarrollo sociocultural, los valores humanistas y los derechos humanos. La situación actual de la Educación Superior es compleja y las iniciativas dirigidas a potenciar su internacionalización se han intensificado. Este trabajo describe las actuaciones emprendidas por la Universidad de Granada (España) para impulsar su proyección internacional. Para ello se analizan los siguientes documentos: Plan Propio de Internacionalización, Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia, Plan de Formación e Innovación Docente y Plan Propio de Cooperación al Desarrollo. Los resultados evidencian el esfuerzo realizado en materia de movilidad, internacionalización de la investigación y cooperación al desarrollo, pero deja al descubierto importantes desafíos. El artículo concluye enfatizando el carácter transversal de la internacionalización y los peligros que comporta la adopción de enfoques exclusivamente económicos, el auge de los nacionalismos o la regresión económica.
Comparison of Acute Level of CK After Five Weeks Eccentric vs Concentric High Intensity Strength Exercise in Healthy Subject
Authors: Hasni Hasni , Putra Hening Laswati , Nugraheni Nuniek
Published: May 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries both in sport and recreational activities, at each age level, can lead to immobilization. Injury and immobilization can lead to muscle strength decrease and deconditioning. These conditions can be addressed by provision of strength training therapy especially for people with low exercise tolerance such as the elderly and patients with chronic disease. Existing studies stated eccentric exercise can increase muscle strength with less energy expenditure compared to concentric exercise. However eccentric exercise can lead to muscle damage indicated with an acute CK level increase, and eccentric exercise has not been carried out regularly for post muscle injuries and deconditioned patients. The American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) stated strength increase and muscle hypertrophy require high intensity load strengthening exercise with a minimum load of 70% 1 Maximum Repetition. The recommended load was given to the subjects in this research. Our pleriminary study intervention was well tolerated by healthy subjects.Aim: Comparing acute CK level alteration in high intensity eccentric and concentric muscle strengthening exercise on untrained healthy subjects.Methods: Randomized pre test and post test group design. Subjects of the study (n = 16) were untrained healthy males. CK level was evaluated by laboratory test.Results: Our study showed decline of acute CK level in both groups with p value 0.65 and 0.76, respectively. No significant differences found on both groups.Conclusion: The increase of acute CK level after five weeks of eccentric strengthening exercise is not higher than that in concentric strengthening exercise.
A Single Bout of Moderate Intensity Exercise Improves Concentration Level on Teenagers
Authors: Wijaya Maharani Ayuputeri , Sulistiawaty Nuniek Nugraheni , Wigati Kristanti Wanito , Herawati Lilik
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground: Physical exercise has a lot of benefit for health. However, the effect of cognitive function such as concentration in teenagers has yet been known.Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a single bout or acute moderate intensity physical exercise on the level of concentration in teenagers.Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 16-18 years old teenagers, divided into two groups, control (C) and exercise (E) groups. Each group consisted of 8 boys and 8 girls. The E group did a single bout of moderate exercise using ergocycle. Physical exercise duration was 15 minutes, preceded by 5 minutes of warming up and then followed by 5 minutes of cooling down exercise. The concentration level was measured using the response period to sound stimulation (in second), measured with reaction time machine pre- and post-treatment. Faster response showed better concentration level and vice versa. Data were analyzed using paired T test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, independent T test, and Mann-Whitney test. The significance level was 5%.Result: There were significant differences of concentration level between pre- and post-exercise in E group (p= 0.004) and post-exercise concentration level between groups (p = 0.01). Exercise group had faster reaction time than C group (0.555±0.2 vs. 0.793±0.3, respectively).Conclusion: A single bout of moderate intensity exercise can improve the cognitive function showed by increased concentration level in teenagers.
O que é solipsismo judicial
Authors: Madeira Dhenis Cruz
Published: May 2020

O texto define o que vem a ser o solipsismo judicial, realçando que o mesmo contraria o modelo constitucional de processo, o princípio da legalidade, além empurrar o discurso processual para a vida nua, criando uma forma de anarquismo metodológico na cognição jurisdicional. O texto demonstra, inclusive, que o solipsismo judicial é um modelo de julgamento incompatível com o Código de Processo Civil brasileiro em vigor, contrariando, ainda, a legislação processual dos demais Estados democráticos.
A Marketing Approach to a Psychological Problem: Problematic Smartphone Use on Adolescents
Authors: Ertemel Adnan Veysel , Ari Ela
Published: May 2020

Background: Smartphones have become an indispensable part of the daily lives of adolescents in the 21st century, which is characterized by a highly digitized modern world. Besides their many advantages, smartphones might pave the way to compulsive usage and addictive experiences. To remedy this problem, this study proposes an authentic approach which integrates consumer behavior theories and techniques such as unhook and gamification. An education program has been designed based on these approaches to decrease the problematic smartphone use. Method: The participants of the education program consisted of 305 students (48.2% girls and 51.8% boys) with a mean age of 14.57 (SD = 0.74). The Demographic Form and Smartphone Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SASA) were conducted before the education program and three weeks after the education. Results: The results of the paired sample t-test analysis before and after the education program revealed that the SASA total scores decreased significantly (p < 0.01). There are significant differences in terms of gender, mothers’ education and class levels. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the role of an interdisciplinary approach to the addiction problem. The content used in the education program includes strategies that originally aimed at increasing consumption. The effectiveness of the program can be enhanced further in the future along with self-regulatory additions.
Mechanical Ventilation Stimulates Expression of ACE2, the Receptor for SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Huang Sui , Kaipainen Arja , Strasser Michael , Baranzini Sergio
Published: May 2020

The SARS-Cov-2 virus, which causes COVID 19, uses the cell surface protein ACE2 as receptor for entry into cells. Critically ill COVID-19 patients often require prolonged mechanical ventilation which can cause mechanical stress to lung tissue. In vitro studies have shown that expression of ACE2 in alveolar cells is increased following mechanical stretch and inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed transcriptome datasets of 480 (non-COVID-19) lung tissues in the GTex tissue gene expression database. We found that mechanical ventilation of the tissue donors increased the expression of ACE2 by more than two-fold (p<10-6). Analysis of transcriptomes of mechanically ventilated mice deposited in the GEO database indicates that this alveolar cell response to stretch and inflammation is mediated by the chemokine midkine. We also found in transcriptomes of the LINCS database of pharmacological perturbations that corticosteroids down-regulate midkine in pulmonal cells, consistent with transcriptome data of animal studies in GEO. Thus, mechanical ventilation of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may eo ipso facilitate viral propagation in the lung, further accelerating the pulmonal pathology that has necessitated mechanical ventilation in the first place. This vicious cycle offers a possible rationale for interventions that disrupt the corticosteroid-midkine-ACE2 axis and provides a mechanism that supports the calls for gentler ventilation protocols.
Исследование переходных процессов электропривода с синхронным двигателем с постоянными магнитами при линейном изменении частоты питающего напряжения
Authors: Firago B. I. , Aleksandrovsky S. V.
Published: May 2020

Синхронные двигатели с электромагнитным возбуждением и возбуждением от постоянных магнитов используются в различных промышленных установках, включая грузоподъемные машины и механизмы. Однако в большинстве случаев для регулирования скорости двигателей используется зависимое задание частоты питающего двигатель напряжения, т. е. векторное управление. В последнее время появился интерес к использованию частотно-регулируемых синхронных электроприводов с независимым заданием частоты питающего двигатель напряжения (скалярное частотное управление), так как они проще, чем электроприводы с векторным управлением. В то же время по сравнению с частотно-регулируемыми асинхронными электроприводами синхронные имеют меньшие потери мощности, жесткие механические характеристики без обратной связи по скорости, самый простой закон частотного управления – пропорциональный, который, однако, позволяет электродвигателю развивать почти максимальный момент в заданном частотном диапазоне благодаря постоянному магнитному потоку. В статье рассматривается аналитическое исследование переходных процессов электропривода с синхронным двигателем с постоянными магнитами (СДПМ) без демпферной обмотки при линейном изменении частоты питающего двигатель напряжения и линеаризации угловой характеристики. Получены аналитические выражения для угловой скорости и электромагнитного момента СДПМ при пуске, торможении, набросе и сбросе нагрузки. Расчеты угловой скорости и электромагнитного момента СДПМ по этим формулам позволяют оценить качество переходного процесса и определить максимальный электромагнитный момент двигателя, который не должен превышать допустимой величины. Показано, что при постоянном статическом моменте электропривод на основе СДПМ с обычным скалярным частотным управлением имеет незатухающие гармонические колебания скорости, что не позволяет применять его в установках с постоянным статическим моментом. Для устойчивой работы синхронного электропривода в установившемся режиме при постоянном статическом моменте предложен способ скалярного частотного управления электроприводом на основе СДПМ, где применяется отрицательная обратная связь по ускорению ротора. Результаты его расчета сопоставлены с результатами имитационного моделирования с использованием СДПМ фирмы OMRON типа SGMSH-50D мощностью 5 кВт и напряжением 400 В. Сравнение результатов показало эффективность применения предложенного способа управления по демпфированию колебаний СДПМ при постоянном статическом моменте.
Air Heat Pump in Wind Power
Authors: Gretchikhin L. I. , Hutkouski A. I.
Published: May 2020

An experimental facility has been developed and manufactured to study the disruptive flow in an air heat pump. The propeller of the heat pump does not produce pulling or pushing forces. The external air flow is created by a high speed propeller perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the heat pump propeller and acts as a ventilator. Herewith, a disruptive flow in the back side of the heat pump propeller is being created and conditions for converting the thermal component of the ventilator air flow into electrical energy by an electric power generator are realized. An aerodynamic model of the flow around the propeller blades of the heat pump in mutually perpendicular airflow has been developed. Experimental studies of the operating propeller as a heat pump, taking into account the friction during rotation of the rotor in the stator of the electric generator, were carried out. In order for the air heat pump to perceive the impacting air flow from the ventilator, it must rotate with minimal power. As a result, for two standard twin-bladed propellers mounted on a 100 W engine under the wind generated by the ventilator which speed is 2.17 m/s the conversion factor was 5.04. As the speed of air flow from the ventilator increased, the  conversion  coefficient  decreased  sharply.  When  placing  the  two  specified  propellers  on a 300 W motor, the minimum pre-rotation power was 5.7 W. In this case, when an air flow speed is of 1.08 m/s, the conversion coefficient reached only 2.93 and also fell sharply with the increase in the air flow speed. When a three-blade propeller with blades was used on a 300 W motor, then situation has changed dramatically. When the motor with a special propeller with a power of 12.1 W was spun and the air flow was formed at a speed of 3.2 m/s, the conversion coefficient was 12.4. With the reduction in the power of the spinup down to 5.9 W and in the speed of the air flow created by the ventilator to 1.7 m/s, the conversion coefficient increased to 14.9. The theoretical calculation of heat pump conversion coefficient is confirmed by experimental data. The conditions under which this coefficient reaches its maximum value are set. Computer modeling of different designs of heat pump propeller blades was performed. It is demonstrated that an air heat pump is a complex open energy system.
Knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and associated factors among rural households in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Aragie Tsigie Baye
Published: May 2020

Background: In Ethiopia malaria is one of the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Community knowledge of prevention and control methods had been proven to play an important role in the implementation of effective and sustainable interventions against malaria. This information is limited in the study area. This study aimed to assess knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and its associated factors among households in West Belessa district, 2019.Methods:Community-based cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative study was conducted from April to June 2019 in West Belessa district, North West Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select an estimated 770 sample size. A structured questionnaire was used for the quantitative component and semi-structured questionnaire for the qualitative component. Quantitative data were collected by interviewing and qualitative data using focus group discussion (FGD). Quantitative data was coded and entered using Epi info software version 7 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association. The qualitative data was transcribed manually using the thematic approach.Result:A total of 770 subjects were included in this study with a 99.5% response rate. Of the total respondents, 75.6% had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. LLINs and IRS were mentioned by 84.7% and 83.7% respectively. Poorest wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.73], poor wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70], and medium wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.76], living in Menti Kebele [AOR= 3.07, 95% CI 1.85, 5.08], living in Abay tera kebele [AOR= 2.00, 95% CI 1.21, 3.29] were significantly associated with good knowledge. About all of the focused group discussion (FGD) participants agreed that malaria is a preventable disease and mentioned some of the preventive methods.Conclusion: Overall there was relatively high knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods. LLINs and IRS were known malaria prevention methods in West Belessa. Wealth index and respondents living kebele are predictors for knowledge of malaria prevention.
The Role of Cognitive Motivation and Personality Traits in EFL Learners’ Group Work Free Riding Tendencies: Teachers’ and Learners’ Attitudes
Authors: Ahmadpour Leila , Asadollahfam Hassan , Kuhi Davud
Published: May 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Women’s Experiences of the 1983-85 Ethiopian Great Famine: A Qualitative Study in Kobo Town, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Arage Getachew , Belachew Tefera , Abera Mubarek , Abdulhay Fedilu , Abdulahi Misra , Abate Kalkidan Hassen
Published: May 2020

Background

In developing countries as women are mostly involved in handling food and feeding, their narrative is expected to generate optimal portrayal of the lived experiences surrounding the times of food shortage. Although there were repeated bouts of food insecurity in Ethiopia, the experiences of households in managing such shocks has never been documented. This qualitative study is aimed exploring and understanding of the lived experiences of women.
Method:

Phenomenology was employed as an approach to document the lived experiences of women about the great Ethiopian famine in Kobo district of North Wollo Zone. In-depth interview lasting for an average of 40 minutes were carried out among 10 key informants (women who survived the great famine). The interview was carried out using semi-structured interview guides with sufficient probes and open ended follow up questions to exhaustively capture the narratives. Texts with similar code were pooled together and presented in narratives using verbatims as illustrations. Texts with similar codes were pooled together and organized into narratives.
Results

An overall theme emerged that the Great Famine was ‘catastrophic and caused severe loss of human life.’ The study identified the following six essential points experienced by the women. All participants agreed that the famine was an unforgettable event in their memories. It lasted for two years and was caused by drought and local civil war affecting all socio-economic groups and all areas around Kobo Town. Pregnant women, lactating mothers and children were specifically affected, the coping strategies used included the sale of non-productive assets (utensils, jewelry, furniture), the mortgaging of farmland or houses, and out-migration. Men were more likely to migrate while women and children were more likely to remain in the household—meaning that the burden of the crisis was mainly shouldered by the women.
Conclusion

The study provided a context- specific understanding of the Ethiopian Great Famine which is one of the most catastrophic events of the 20th century in Ethiopia. The interviews described here call for further research to determine the long-term health and socio-economic impact of the famine.
A novel epigenetic signature for predicting the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhiming , Li Mengyang , Tan Xianglong , Liu Rong
Published: May 2020

Background

Aberrant DNA methylation is often involved in carcinogenesis. This study is designed to establish an epigenetic signature to predict overall survival (OS) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods

DNA methylation and RNA-seq data of PDAC patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Methylation-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using an R package MethylMix. Epigenetic signature and nomogram were established by the LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis, respectively. In addition, a joint survival analysis of the gene expression and methylation was performed to identify potential prognostic factors for patients with PDAC.
Results

There were a total of 56 methylation-related DEGs by MethylMix criteria. After LASSO Cox regression analysis, we developed an epigenetic signature composed of five genes according to their methylation level. The signature was able to divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the OS between the high-and low-risk groups was more significantly different in both training and validation cohort. The signature is independent of clinicopathological variables and indicated better predictive power. Moreover, we developed a novel prognostic nomogram that combines risk scores with three clinicopathological factors. The joint survival analysis of gene expression and methylation revealed that 24 genes could be independent prognostic factors for OS in PDAC.
Conclusions

The qualitative signature and nomogram that predict OS at the individualized level and guide therapy for patients with PDAC.
Mental health among displaced and non-displaced populations in Valledupar, Colombia: Why do inequities continue?
Authors: Monsalve Sonia Diaz , Vargas-Monroy Angélica María , Ariza Jannethe Esmeral , Cuello Ana Maria Oñate , Vera Ana Rosa Ropero , Cuello Juan Carlos Bermudez , Zuleta Lina Arzuaga , Novella Andrés Felipe Cubillos , Quintero Enrique Peñaloza , Ortiz Yesika Natali Fernández , Kroeger Axel
Published: May 2020

Background: During the long-lasting civil war in Colombia involving several armed groups, the year 2002 marked a peak of violent activities displacing thousands of people mainly from rural to urban areas, causing social disruption and prolonged poverty. In 2015, the Colombian national survey on mental health provided a first overview of mental health problems of victimized families and individuals (macro level). The here presented study aimed at analysing ongoing inequalities regarding displaced and non-displaced populations in Cesar State (micro level), one of the most affected areas by the armed conflict.Methods: An interview survey was conducted among 211 displaced families and 181 non-displaced families in 2 adjacent compounds with several five-storey buildings in the outskirts of Valledupar, the capital of Cesar State in Colombia. The questionnaires were developed together with and applied by staff of the health and social services of the departmental secretary of health. The 15 interviewers conducted additionally in-depth interviews and participant observations.Results: The peak of internal displacement occurred around the year 2002, affecting disproportionally more the afro-descendent and indigenous populations. However, the marginalization of previously displaced persons is still ongoing. The living conditions in the neighbourhood of the displaced community were quite precarious in terms of lack of security, continuous noise, drug trafficking and poor connection with public transport. Consequently, psycho-emotional problems were more frequent among the displaced compared to the non-displaced neighbourhood. The displaced had experienced more violent acts (intended murder, threat, murder of a family member and kidnapping) and had subsequently a larger number of emotional symptoms (fright, headache, nervousness, depression, sleeplessness). Other stress factors like economic problems, severe disease or death of family members and unemployment prevailed in the community of displaced persons compared to the non-displaced. Non-displaced lived in a more protected environment and were less exposed to violence and stress, although belonging to a similarly low socio-economic stratum.