bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile, Precipitating Factors and Outcome of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Bhattarai Subash , Karki Dipesh
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by reversible neuropsychological features and is observed with advanced and decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. Patients outcomes and survival depends on clinical presentation, identification of the precipitating factor, early management, and treatment of complications. This study aims to find out the clinical profile of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy, their precipitating factors, and clinical outcomes in patients admitted at a tertiary care Teaching Hospital in Gandaki province, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based prospective study comprising of 140 cirrhotic patients with encephalopathy was conducted over a study period of 18 months. Their clinical profile, precipitating factors, and outcomes during hospitalization including mortality were studied. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and a P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Majority (36.5%) of the patients presented with Grade II HE. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were the most common precipitating factors. Inpatient mortality was 22.9%. The increased mortality rate was observed in patients with Child class C and with higher grading (Grade III and IV) of hepatic encephalopathy and in presence of more than two precipitating factors
Conclusion: Most of the patients presented with Grade II HE. Upper gastrointestinal bleed and infections were the most common precipitating factors. Patients with Hepatic encephalopathy of Grades III and IV, those with CTP Child class C, and in presence of more than two precipitating factors have high mortality.
Excess Screen Time - Impact on Childhood Development and Management: A Review
Authors: Karki Utkarsh , Sravanti Lakshmi
Published: July 2021

In recent years children are immersed in both traditional and new forms of digital media around the globe. Screen time is now embedded in the daily lives of young children beginning from infancy. Pre-schoolers exposed to screen and interactive media may benefit in many ways but excessive and inappropriate screen exposure could potentially lead to several health and developmental risks.  Environmental factors such as parents, siblings, peers have a profound influence on a child’s development. Despite challenges of screen media parenting practices and those posed by lockdown (work from home, online schooling) during this pandemic, parents hold the key to navigate these challenges by serving as role models to ensure positive developmental outcomes in their children.
Magherescu, Delia: Drept procesual penal: Partea generală: Partea specială [Criminal Procedure Law: General Part: Special Part]. Bucureşti: Pro Universitaria, 2020. 412 p. ISBN 978-606-26-1267-2
Authors: Vasiloi Djulieta
Published: July 2021

Reviewing the publication Magherescu, Delia: Criminal Procedure Law: General Part: Special Part, a significant legal education instrument addressed to those who might be interested in deepening their knowledge in the field of the criminal justice system of Romania.
Employer’s Decision on Organizational Change and Business Management of the Company
Authors: Barancová Helena
Published: July 2021

The employer’s decision on organizational change is subject of an amendment to the Labour Code, according to which this employer’s decision is a substantive precondition for the employer’s termination. The employer’s decision on organizational change is genetically linked to the termination as a basic legal act in the labour law. At this level, the employer’s decision on organizational change is of a fundamental importance for the area of termination in the labour law. The fact that the employer’s decision directly affects the validity of the termination is also related to the constitutional right to work as well as to the constitutional right to protect the employee from an unjustified dismissal. The Labour Code, at the same time, in § 63 par. 1 letter b) precisely enshrines not only the form of employer’s decision on organizational change, but also its content, and in § 9 it also establishes the persons authorised to act on behalf of the employer
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Flipbook Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel Dikelas VIII SMP
Authors: Widyasari Intan , Zetriuslita Zetriuslita , Istikomah Endang , Herlina Sari
Published: July 2021

Technological progress is very rapid, especially in the field of education, so teachers and students need to use technology in learning. ICT-based learning media is one of the uses of technology in education with the hope of improving the quality of learning. This study aims to determine the process and produce a product in the form of-based learning media flipbook on the material of a two-variable linear equation system in class VIII SMP. This research is a development research using the ADDIE development model. The data collection technique used is a non-test technique with a data collection instrument in the form of a validation sheet filled out by the validator. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive data analysis. Overall, the feasibility assessment of-based mathematics learning media flipbook on two-variable linear equation system material obtained an average of 85.70%, so-based learning media flipbook on two-variable linear equation system material in class VIII SMP is interpreted as very valid for use.Keywords: Learning Media, Flipbook, Material of Two Variable Linear Equation Systems, Validity
ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL BETWEEN NON-PARALLEL FLAT ELECTRODES – SIMULATION OF A CELL USED WITH TOMATO
Authors:   Laboratorio de Dieléctricos – FACET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800 (4000), Tucumán, Argentina., Hemsy A.
Published: July 2021

The equipotential lines of the field generated by the cell used in dielectric measurements of whole fruit tomato are plotted. This cell consists of two inclined electrodes, at inverse potentials, and is an adaptation made in the Dielectric Laboratory of the cell used by Varlan-Sansen. To obtain the graphs, the Laplace equation was solved by finite differences and a program in Fortran language was written, which performs the calculations by numerical iteration. The field generated by the cell at different electrode separation distances was analyzed.
ESTIMATION OF THE REAL AREA OF AU NANOPARTICLES OVER HOPG USING ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors:   Laboratorio de Electroquímica Básica Experimental (LEBE) - ICEN-FACEN-UNCa Av. Belgrano 300 (4700), Catamarca, Argentina, Fuentes A. S. , Herrera A. ,   Laboratorio de Electroquímica Básica Experimental (LEBE) - ICEN-FACEN-UNCa Av. Belgrano 300 (4700), Catamarca, Argentina, Avalle L. ,   Laboratorio de Electroquímica Básica Experimental (LEBE) - ICEN-FACEN-UNCa Av. Belgrano 300 (4700), Catamarca, Argentina. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG-CONICET), FaMAF-UNC, Av. Medina Allende (5000), Córdoba, Argentina, Santos E. ,   Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG-CONICET), FaMAF-UNC, Av. Medina Allende (5000), Córdoba, Argentina
Published: July 2021

The metallic electrodes show a high affinity for the electroadsorption processes of hydrogen and/or oxygen in acid solutions, so it is possible to characterize them by electrochemical techniques. In the present work the electroreduction of oxygenated species will be used to estimate the real areas of the electrodes designed with Au nanostructures in HOPG at different times of deposition. The results allow to conclude that Au nanostructures in HOPG can reach important electroactive areas. That is to say that despite their nanometric sizes they have a great capacity to experience the transfer of charge.
SELECTION OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL APPLIED TO A WIND TURBINE UNDER SEVERE CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Grupo GATIIR, UTN, Facultad Regional Santa Cruz Av. Inmigrantes 555 (9400), Santa Cruz, Argentina, Ibarreta Fañanas A. L. , Lavorato M. B. ,   Grupo TAMA, UTN, Facultad Regional Haedo París 532, Haedo (1706), Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to study the preliminary selection of one or more Power Line Communications protocols or standards, to be used in a full duplex communication between a wind turbine and a command center powered by this wind turbine. This situation considers that the wind turbine is located in an isolated area in the Patagonia Austral region, working under severe climate conditions.
Five new species of Asthenara Foerster from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R.
Published: July 2021

A key to 6 North American species of the genus Asthenara is given. Five new species of Asthenara are described from Mexico: A. atrator, A. chiapas, A. michoacan, A. coahuila, A. guerrero.
Dance flies from shore zone of Lake Krivoe, Northern Karelia (Diptera: Empididae, Hybotidae)
Authors: Przhiboro A.A. , Shamshev I.V.
Published: July 2021

A list of 12 species collected or reared from the shore zone of an oligotrophic lake in Northern Karelia is given. Platypalpus rossicus Kovalev is for the first time recorded from Northern Europe and reared. P. nonstriatus (Strobl) and Hemerodromia raptoria Meigen are for the first time recorded from northern European Russia; the latter species is shown to develop in the lake littoral zone.
ENERGY MODERNIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL BOILER HOUSE
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Stepanov D. , Stepanova N. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Bilyk S. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: July 2021

The current state of the energy sector is analyzed, the physical and moral obsolescence of the main equipment is revealed, the losses of electricity in the networks are increased. Coal combustion at power plants is accompanied by increased man-made load on the environment. To increase the energy, economic and environmental efficiency of energy supply of industrial enterprises, the use of decentralized cogeneration based on gas industrial boilers or the use of biomass boilers is proposed. Options for energy modernization on the example of an industrial dairy boiler house are considered. 8 variants of increase of reliability, energy efficiency, economy and environmental friendliness are offered, namely installation of boilers on biomass, gas turbine and gas-piston heat engines, creation of thermal power plant with steam turbine installation on saturated and superheated steam. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of variants, and also rationality of their introduction on boiler houses of the industrial enterprise is executed. Calculations of economic indicators of different options for energy modernization of the boiler house allowed to identify effective methods to increase the efficiency of energy equipment. The analysis also takes into account the possibility of diversification of energy supply and reduction of dependence on electricity suppliers.
ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION INDICATORS OF BUILDING ENCLOSURES BY LINGUISTIC VARIABLES
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Ratushnyak G. , Pankevych V. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: July 2021

The classification of the factors influencing decision-making at an estimation of thermal conductivity of a heat-insulating cover of the building is offered. The relationship between the parameters of the thermal state of the thermal insulation of buildings and its energy efficiency is presented in the form of a logical conclusion tree. The logical inference tree at the system level characterizes the ratio of parameters that affect thermal conductivity. To create a mathematical model for expert assessment of the technical condition of the thermal insulation of the building, it is advisable to use the apparatus of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory. The formalization of quantitative and qualitative factors influencing the thermal efficiency of the building insulation shell has been carried out. When assessing the technical condition of the thermal insulation of the building (energy efficiency), quantitative and qualitative factors of influence are expressed through linguistic variables. Estimation of levels of linguistic variables is represented by term sets. Thermal conductivity as a factor in the thermal insulation of a building is related to the normative classification of energy efficiency of buildings in force in Ukraine.
Benefits of Upper Limb Functional Electrical Stimulation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, SPOREA Corina , FERECHIDE Dumitru ,   „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation in upper limb rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: 90 children with spastic cerebral palsy, age between 6 and 9 years, were randomized into two groups. 45 children, represented the control group, performed conventional physical and occupational therapy and robot-assisted therapy. In addition to the control group, the experimental group received functional electrical stimulation interventions with postural control on the affected upper limb. Results: The experimental group's motor performance after treatment (improved coordination by 8.2%, wrist flexion by 9.75°, three-fingered grasp strength by 1.04°, and functional limitation lowered by 5.93) was considerably better than the control group's which coordination increased by 5.5%, wrist flexion by 8.72°, three-fingered grasp strength by 0.7 and functional limitation decreased by 2.33. Conclusions: Functional electrical stimulation intervention was found to be an effective manner to improve motor performance, in terms of coordination, range of motion, and three-fingered grasp strength, visibly reducing functional limitation and improving performance in activities of daily living.
Critical Wound Complication Following Major Amputation for Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors:   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, VASIU Luiz-Sorin , AVINO Adelaida ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, GHEOCA-MUTU Daniela Elena ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, DORUS Diana-Patricia ,   Discipline of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, MORARU Oriana-Elena ,   Department of Vascular Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, JECAN Cristian-Radu ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, RADUCU Laura ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2021

Limb amputation has a severe somatic and psychological impact, that can furthermore have complications, which lead to increased morbidity, mortality, hospitalization days, health care costs, delay prosthetic application, and social reintegration. Proper therapeutic management must be initiated in cases with amputation stump complications to ensure the best result. This paper aims to present the therapeutic management of a patient with sepsis after above–the–knee amputation, performed after acute limb ischemia. The patient presented in our clinic 10 days postoperatively with local infection, wound dehiscence, and sepsis.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Three Different Sites: a Consecutive Case Series
Authors:   Army Medical Corps, New Delhi, India, FAIZAL Felice , AHUJA Ankur ,   Army Medical Corps, New Delhi, India, CHATTERJEE R. ,   Army Medical Corps, New Delhi, India
Published: July 2021

Background: Pleomorphic adenomas are benign salivary gland tumors predominantly arising from the superficial lobe of the parotid gland and rarely from the small salivary glands located at various locations including parotid, lacrimal duct, lip, floor of the mouth etc. Surgical excision of the tumor mass is the treatment of choice with utmost care taken to preserve the facial nerve in cases involving the parotid gland. Case details: This case series highlights three consecutive cases of pleomorphic adenoma arising from three different locations. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma is the commonest salivary gland tumor characterized by diverse histomorphological features and can occur at any site where salivary tissue is present. Careful histopathological analysis should be done in all tumors arising especially in the head and neck region.
The Risk of Foreign Exchange Exposure of Stock Returns Concerning Non-Financial Listed Firms
Authors: Tirmizi Syed Muhammad Ali , Haider Muhammad Jawad , Shahab Ud Din
Published: July 2021

The foreign exchange rate fluctuations do create an impact on stock returns, which has been investigated for non-financial listed Pakistani firms. The real effective exchange rate has been used as the true measure of foreign exchange exposure. The modelled econometric equation includes; firm size, firm liquidity, money supply and inflation as predictors of stock returns. Twenty-five non-financial listed firms have been evaluated for the study period 2004 to 2013, which signifies the military regime era proceeded by peoples party rule in Pakistan. Financial data analysis, including; ADF unit root and Johansen Co-integration tests, have been applied to evaluate financial data, which further led to correlation, descriptive stats and panel data regression analysis. The results have suggested a very weak relationship between stock returns and foreign exchange exposure. Therefore, sample non-financial listed firms have not been foreign exchange exposed; however, firm size, liquidity, money supply and inflation rates have definitely created an impact on stock returns.
Loss of Innocence and Onset of Maturation: A Feminist Study of Alice Walker's The Flowers
Authors: Javed Noveen , Shakil Ezzah , Saeed Sohail Ahmad
Published: July 2021

This study plans to tour the different stages of the loss of innocence in the character of MYOP, a feeling conjured by Alice Walker in her short story "The Flowers". This paper encompasses the qualitative research approach and insights taken from the basic postulates of "traditional gender roles" situated within the theoretical framework of Feminists Criticism by Lois Tyson. Significant findings of the study are that a patriarchal society ceases the mental and emotional growth of a girl. When that girl is exposed to the outer environment, it leads to the onset of her maturity. It is hoped that my work will contribute to the expansion of episteme regarding the drastic influences of chauvinism and maximizing female society's potential.
The Representation of Social Reality in Saraiki Dramas Roshan Zameer and Qatil e Hamsheer
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Saeed , Riaz Muhammad , Nazir Barirah
Published: July 2021

The Genre of Drama had always been reflective of social life. The history of drama is as old as of humans on earth. Saraiki drama is believed to be developed from undeveloped but organized expressions of caricatures; such kind of organized caricature is found still in the local area. It is a tradition that people of the lower caste named Bhaands. This kind of art was established by the people who were very poor, and they used to caricature the rich and gentry to amuse them and other people. The present study is aimed to trace the social realities and their representation in Saraiki Drama. Two Saraiki dramas Roshan Zameer and Qatil e Hamsheer had been analyzed in light of the Qualitative Content Analysis model proposed by Altheide(1996). It has been found that selected Saraiki dramas speak the prevailing ideological, social realities. It is suggested that more studies should be conducted to explore tradition and social realities existing in the Saraiki region so that regional social and cultural traditions may get a voice in international literary landscapes.
Exploring Racism, and Anxieties of Identity in Aslam's Selected Work
Authors: Nisar Sameen , Khan Mamona Yasmin , Choudhry Aqsa
Published: July 2021

The question of identity and sense of displacement is always fundamental for culturally displaced people. The objective of the Diaspora writings is to explore the construction of new identities in new cultural places and the painful experiences of migration. The present study aims to explore the issue of identity and racism in selected fictional works, Season of the Rainbirds (1993) and Maps for Lost Lovers (2004) by Aslam. For this purpose, Bhabha's 'The Location of Culture' (1993) and Fanon's 'Black Skin, White Mask's (1952) are used as theoretical frameworks to scrutinize the selected novels. The research is descriptive qualitative, and placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data for the present study is in the form of textual paragraphs, which is taken from the selected novels and is collected through the purposive sampling technique. Findings of the study revealed that hybrid identities of minorities and immigrants are resulting because they are marginalized by the majority class and are subjected to racist and stereotypical attitudes, which help in hybridization.
Reservations Chronicle: The Interplay of Real and Imaginary Places in Louise Erdrich's Tracks
Authors: Rehman Fasih ur , Sadiq Rao Aisha , Atta-ul-Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Spatiality occupies pivotal status in the thematic orientation of Native American literature. Native American male writers in general and female writers, in particular consider the issues of space and place with reference to issues of identity, separation and conflict with Euro-Americans. The present paper aims to study the portrayal of real and imaginary places in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. The study maintains that Erdrich infuses energy into the places portrayed in the novel. Hence, places do not remain static or flat rather; they assume dynamic characteristics that not only trigger action but also become a character in the development of the plot. The present study concludes that textual and imagined places should not be taken as mere portrayals of topographic structures; rather, they explain the socio-cultural paradigm of a given social order.
Framework to Counter Lone Wolf Terrorist Activity via Web
Authors: Gul Shabnam , Asghar Muhammad Faizan , Akbar Zahid
Published: July 2021

Lone wolf is one of the most dangerous shape of terrorism as they are almost undetectable. Although lone wolf is almost untraceable, it is possible that they leave footprints while using internet. However, internet is primarily used to communicate ideology to potential lone wolf, and visitors of such internet sources or websites require technical expertise which is not very common. This enables lone wolf to operate effectively, staying in low profile till the time an opportunity does not offer itself. It has the most devastating effect on the morale of counter terrorist force and is also the most effective terrorist tool to spread fear in the hearts of populous.
Zapożyczenia zwrotne w języku polskim na tle porównawczym
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Termin zapożyczenie
zwrotne stosunkowo rzadko pojawia się w opracowaniach dotyczących języka
polskiego. Autor zamierza przedyskutować takie specyficzne jednostki
leksykalne, które niegdyś wyszły z języka staropolskiego (lub prapolskiego) i
po pewnym czasie powróciły do języka polskiego w nieco odmiennej formie lub z
innym znaczeniem. Omówione zostaną następujące polskie wyrazy: gazda ‘bogatszy
gospodarz (u górali)’, Lach ‘Polak; mieszkaniec równin polskich’ oraz kwark
‘cząstka elementarna’.
Features of Digitalization Processes in Fashion Industry
Authors: Tymoshenko Olena , Mysiuk Anna , Kotsiubivska Kateryna , Khrushch Svitlana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of digitalization processes in the field of the fashion industry, to determine the main directions of digital technologies development and their direct impact on the fashion environment.
Research methodology. The choice of research methods is determined by the purpose of the research, in particular, a systematic approach to the study of fashion history, digital technologies, future trends in the creative industry, as well as analysis of existing changes in the fashion industry.
Scientific novelty. The issue of the fashion industry development under the influence of digital technologies is raised.
Conclusions. Therefore, to manage the “fashion brands of the future”, you need not only to effectively manage your team and focus on profit but also to be flexible, socially responsible and quickly respond to new digital trends and use them in your work. Thus, the era of digitalization forces our world to move to a new level of development. The fashion industry, as one of the most flexible and profitable areas, must adopt new digital technologies as quickly as possible and apply modern and effective management methods that will be expedient and effective.
Ontological Modelling of the Decision-making Support Intellectual System in Risks Analysis in the Innovation and Investment Sphere
Authors: Tkachenko Kostiantyn , Baidak Andrii
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to study, analyze and consider general problems and prospects of using ontologies when modelling decision-making processes in intelligent systems when analyzing the risks of the innovation and investment sphere.
The research methodology lies in methods of the basic concepts semantic analysis of a given subject area (innovation and investment projects and management processes for the implementation of these projects). The article discusses the existing approaches to modelling decision-making processes in the analysis of risks in the innovation and investment sphere.
The novelty of the research is the intellectualization problems solving of processes in the innovation and investment sphere on the basis of formal ontological models.
Conclusions. The practical value of the presented results lies in the development and use of knowledge management system components for identifying and predicting problem situations in innovation and investment projects. The proposed integrated ontology can be used in the management of innovation and investment projects in various subject areas since it contains classes of concepts that have the status of a project activity standard.
The developed ontological model makes it possible to develop software architecture for an intelligent decision support system, develop metadata and build a set of interrelated thesauri to support the semantics of end-user requests.
Die Komplexität transnationaler Bildungswelten erfassen?
Authors: Hinrichsen Merle , Terstegen Saskia
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag fokussiert auf transnationale Phänomene in der Schule und fragt danach, welche theoretischen und methodologischmethodischen Fragen sich daran für die Analyse der (Re-)Produktion sozialer Ungleichheit anschließen. Ausgehend von der Kritik am Methodologischen Nationalismus sowie postkolonialen und transnationalen Perspektiven wird eine Heuristik transnationaler Bildungswelten entwickelt, deren Potenzial für die Analyse sozialer Ungleichheit anhand eines empirischen Beispiels aus einer deutschen Sekundarschule entfaltet wird. Auf Basis der Befunde werden abschließend Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses Vorgehens reflektiert.
Praxeologische Wissenssoziologie
Authors: Bohnsack Ralf
Published: July 2021

Die Praxeologische Wissenssoziologie versteht sich in der Tradition Karl Mannheims, in der eine fundierte Sozial- oder Grundlagentheorie ohne eine (sozialwissenschaftlich begründete) Erkenntnistheorie und Methodologie nicht denkbar ist. Zugleich ist dies auch Voraussetzung für eine Theoriegenerierung nicht nur in gegenstandsbezogener Hinsicht, sondern auch im Bereich der Grundlagenkategorien, der Meta-Theorie, selbst. Und der empirische Zugang zur Seinsverbundenheit des Wissens ermöglicht die Theoriegenerierung auch im Bereich der sozialen Lagerung, also von Milieus, in deren mehrdimensionalen Ausprägungen (u.a. Bildung, Geschlecht und Generation) und in einer Mehrebenenanalyse (Interaktion, Organisation und Gesellschaft). Eine der elementaren Leitdifferenzen der Praxeologischen Wissenssoziologie, ist diejenige der Sozialität des Kommunikativen versus Konjunktiven im Sinne Mannheims und des Ikonografischen versus Ikonologischen im Sinne von Panofsky. Diese Leitdifferenz kann durch die Unterscheidung von propositionaler und performativer Logik, d.h. u.a. von Norm und Praxis sowie von Identität und Habitus, und durch die Analyse der Dynamik und Kreativität des Spannungsverhältnisses dieser Differenzen mit Hilfe der Kategorie des konjunktiven Erfahrungsraums auf ein neues Niveau gehoben werden.
El espíritu armamentístico en la producción de la (in)seguridad. Viejos-Nuevos actores en el gobierno de Jair messias bolsonaro
Authors: Basewicz Rojana Iván Federico
Published: July 2021

Los hechos delictivos constituyen eventos disruptivos en la biografía de los actores. Ello puede inducir cambios en las prácticas y sentidos del mundo, de ahí la importancia de su estudio. Centrados en la concepción precedente, en el artículo pretendemos contribuir a la discusión en torno a la (in)seguridad en Brasil. Para ello, caracterizamos el desenvolvimiento histórico de dicho problema en ese territorio, la estructura de las fuerzas de seguridad y las principales propuestas de cambio con relación a ellas. Además, abordamos la revalorización de antiguos actores a partir de la revocación del Estatuto de Desarmamento y las consecuencias que ello implica. Para la consecución de dicho objetivo, nos valemos de una metodología de carácter cualitativa, enfocada en la utilización de fuentes secundarias como los informes producidos por órganos oficiales y artículos académicos producidos por investigadores brasileños. A partir de lo expuesto, la pregunta de investigación puede resumirse del siguiente modo: ¿Las políticas de seguridad del gobierno de Jair Messias Bolsonaro implican un retroceso o un avance respecto a la situación precedente? ¿Cuáles son aquellos actores interpelados?
Catalytic oxidation of toluene by ozone in the system "acetic anhydride–strong acid"
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Institute of Chemical Technology, Potapenko E.V. , Andreev P.Y. , Isayenko I.P. , Andreeva N.S.
Published: July 2021

The process of catalytic oxidation of toluene by ozone in the solution of a mixture "acetic anhydride–a strong acid" has been studied in the presence of compounds of transition metals. It is shown that the main oxidation products in the system Mn(Ac)2–(СН3СО)2О–Н2SO4 at 200C are benzylacetate and benzylidene diacetate with the yields of 39% and 29%, respectively. In the system Со(Ac)2–(СН3СО)2О–НА, the reaction is accompanied mainly by the formation of benzylidene diacetate (68.0%) and the yield of benzylacetate does not exceed 4.0%. The kinetic parameters of the main stages of the catalytic cycle were investigated. It was found that strong acids play a decisive role in increasing the activity of oxidized forms of the metal. Under the conditions of activation by strong acids, the reaction of methylbenzene with Me3+ occurs with a high degree of substrate conversion. It was found that the reduction of Me3+ in the reaction with the solvent becomes noticeable, along with the oxidation of toluene, with increasing the concentration of strong acids. It was stated that the selective oxidation of toluene under catalysis is initiated by the reaction with an oxidized form of the metal formed by the interaction of ozone with the catalyst.
Selective to lithium ions nanocomposite sorbents based on TiO2 containing manganese spinel
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chaban М.О. , Rozhdestvenska L.M. , Palchik О.V. , Ponomarova L.M. , Dzyazko Y.S.
Published: July 2021

A method for obtaining nanocomposite sorbents, which are selective towards Li+ ions, has been proposed. The samples were based on adsorptive-active anatase, the selective component being lithium-manganese spinel LiMn2O4. This component was synthesized preliminarily, its nanoparticles were added to the sol of insoluble titanium hydroxocomplexes, and the nanocomposite was precipitated from this suspension and calcined at 5000C. A number of sorbents with different molar ratio of Ti:Mn were prepared via this procedure; they were investigated by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The size of nanocrystallites was 20–30 nm. An increase in the spinel amount caused a decrease in the sorbent grain size; however, they the sorbent grains were mechanically durable due to TiO2 which was a binder. Adsorption of Li+ from the solution containing an excess of Na+ ions was studied. The optimal amount of LiMn2O4 (13%) was determined. The sample was obtained in the form of rather large grains (0.3 mm) and the selectivity coefficient Li+/Na+ was about 500. The sorbent was regenerated by a 1 M HNO3 solution without manganese leakage. After 10 cycles of sorption-desorption, the concentrate was obtained. This concentrate can be used for Li2CO3 precipitation.
The interrelation between the structural, electronic and energy parameters of nitrogen inversion in ammonia derivatives
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Chertykhina Y.A. , Lebed O.S. , Kutsik-Savchenko N.V. , Lib A.S. , Ananieva V.V. , Yanova K.V. , Prosyanik A.V.
Published: July 2021

The structural, electronic and energy parameters in the ground and transition states of inversion of the amines H2NXHn (XHn=CH3, NH2, OH, F, SiH3, PH2, SH, and Cl) have been calculated by using DFT (PBE96/def2-tzvpp) method. It was established that the increase of electronegativity of the substituents (the X atoms within the same period) leads to stabilization of the ground and transition states of the molecules. The increase in the inversion barriers is due to relative stabilization of the ground states, but not due to relative destabilization of the transition states. The inversion barriers rise with a decrease in conformational energies of the substituents, sums of valence angles at the nitrogen atoms, negative charges on them, energies of the nitrogen lone pairs and with an increase in s-character and population of the nitrogen lone pairs and difference between the energies of the nitrogen lone pairs in the ground and transition states. The main parameters that allow predicting the change of the nitrogen inversion barriers, independently of the type or volume of the XHn substituent, are s-character of the nitrogen lone pairs and difference between the energies of the nitrogen lone pairs. In all other cases, the correlations were found only for the amines containing the elements of the same period at the nitrogen atom. All structural and electronic parameters of amines containing the Х atoms from the second period are more sensitive to the changes of the ХНn substituents than the parameters of amines containing the Х atoms from the third period.
Forecasting the properties of linear block-copoliurethanes based on oligoesters of regular structure
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Anisimov V.N. , Anisimov V.V.
Published: July 2021

We showed that the development of recommendations for a reasonable choice of linear block copolyurethanes that would be optimal for given operating conditions is still intuitive and does not consider the features of the molecular structure and the nature of initial components. We suggested a new scientifically grounded approach to the creation of linear block-copolyurethanes with increased wear resistance in relation to strength, deformation, thermophysical and tribotechnical characteristics. To simplify analysis of the properties of the studied materials, a mathematical model was developed, which describes the relationship between all considered properties of materials and their structure. We proposed to assess the relationship between structure and properties of the investigated materials by using quality indexes. Maximum values of quality indexes, depending on the operating conditions, correspond to different contents of hard blocks (Pc), and, consequently, to different molecular structure of the studied polyurethanes. Thus, it is reasonable to use block-copolyurethanes based on OBGA500 with a maximum content of hard blocks (Рс>60%) for operating conditions where it is necessary to provide high strength characteristics. Polyurethanes synthesized with the formation of clusters of hard blocks in the range of 45–55% are recommended for the use as wear-resistant materials.
Carbon nanodots from watermelon peel as CO2 absorbents in biogas
Authors:   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Dwandaru W.S.B. , Sari E.K. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Widyawidura W. ,   Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Proklamasi, Khaerudini D.S. ,   Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Science, Pratidhina E. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Agustin M. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Purnamasari L. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Silfiyani W. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yongga T.A. ,   Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Published: July 2021

We report the synthesis of carbon nanodots (Cdots) from watermelon peel waste. The Cdots obtained were characterized using ultraviolet-visible, photoluminescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy. The Cdots exhibited green luminescence. The average diameter of the Cdots was 4 nm and the C=C functional groups were dominant. The Cdots were then utilized as CO2 absorbent in biogas. The result showed that the concentration of CO2 was reduced by up to 40% based on the gas chromatography test. The higher the Cdots concentration, the higher is the amount of CO2 that can be reduced in the biogas. Based on the heat performance test, higher concentration of Cdots produced higher heat energy of the biogas.
Comparison of acid degumming methods and their influence on the formation of 3-MCPD-esters and glycidyl esters in sunflower oil deodorization
Authors:   National Technical University ", Demydova A. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Levchuk I. , Аksonova O. , Molchenko S. , Demidov I.
Published: July 2021

Degumming is the first stage in processing of vegetable oils, and it is aimed at removing phospholipids. The article compares the results of degumming by phosphoric and citric acids, their effects on the extraction of calcium and magnesium ions from oils, these ions being the main components of nonhydratable phospholipids. We showed the appropriateness of combining citric and succinic acids (the final content of phospholipids in oil was 0.034%, whereas it was equal to 0.048% when citric acid was used) and citric and ascorbic acids (the final content of phospholipids in oil was 0.040%). We studied the effect of acid degumming on the formation of 3-MCPD-esters and glycidyl esters. The content of glycidyl esters after degumming with citric acid and phosphoric acid was 310 g kg–1 and 200 g kg–1, respectively. After degumming with citric acid and phosphoric acid, the content of 3-MCPD-esters in the deodorized oil was 680 g kg–1 and 470 g kg–1, respectively. On the contrary, aqueous degumming does not increase the content of these esters in the deodorized sunflower oil (the content is less than 100 g kg–1) and its implementation can be recommended as one of the ways to prevent the formation of these toxic substances during deodorization.
Application of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and its polymethylol derivative as additives in elastomeric materials
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Kobelchuk Yu.M. , Vashchenko Yu.N. , Holub L.S.
Published: July 2021

One of the ways to improve the quality of elastomeric materials is the modification of the elastomeric matrix as well as the use of multifunctional ingredients that can function as stabilizers, vulcanizing group components and compatibilizers (i.e. substances that increase compatibility in polymer heterogeneous systems). Compounds that can be used as binders in composite materials of different composition and ensure the environmental friendliness of their production and application are considered to be promising. Among such compounds, the reaction products of 4,4'-dioxydiphenylsulfone with formaldehyde attract a particular interest since they have a lower degree of toxicity than the phenol-formaldehyde resins. This work revealed the effect of 1, 2, and 4 parts by weight of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and its polymethylol derivative on technological and physical-mechanical properties of elastomeric compositions. We showed the stabilizing activity of the investigated additives in rubbers based on carbochain unsaturated rubbers. The surface of the crushed vulcanizate was modified. It was determined that the addition of modified crushed vulcanizate to the composition of rubber mixtures improves the quality of rubbers. We showed the possibility of replacing traditional anti-aging agents without deterioration of the properties of finished products.
Rearrangement of spiroderivatives of 1,3-benzo(naphtho)dioxin-4(1)-ones as a new method of synthesis of xanthene bromo derivatives
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Kovtun A.V. , Varenichenko S.A. , Zaliznaya E.V. , Mazepa A.V. , Farat O.K. , Markov V.I.
Published: July 2021

We have proposed a method for the synthesis of previously unknown bromo xanthenes using the reagent PBr3/DMF as a rearrangement initiator. Bromo derivatives of xanthenes in the form of organic perchlorates were prepared by reacting the corresponding benzo(naphtho)dioxin-4(1)-ones with a three-fold excess of Vilsmeier-Haack PBr3/DMF reagent at 1100C for 2 hours, followed by the addition of sodium perchlorate. The conditions for the synthesis of formyl derivatives of xanthenes under conditions of acid hydrolysis were selected. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectral data and mass spectrometry. Preliminary studies showed that it is possible to selectively replace the dimethylamino group and the bromine atom with various nucleophiles in bromo derivatives of xanthenes, which opens up wide possibilities for the synthesis of low-molecular building blocks and dyes.
Crystal structure of new ternary disilicide of platinum and erbium
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Mykhalichko V.M. , Fedyna L.O. , Fedorchuk A.O. , Fedyna M.F.
Published: July 2021

Crystal structure of the ternary compound ErPtSi2 (diffractometer HZG-4a, CuK-radiation, structure type YIrGe2, Pearson symbol oI32, space group Immm, a=4.19395(6) Å, b=8.41465(13) Å, c=15.85404(19) Å, RB=0.0639, Rp=0.0424, and 2=1.11) was studied by X-ray powder diffraction method. Intermetallide ErPtSi2 is the first representative of YIrGe2 structure type in R–Pt–Si systems. Crystal structures of ternary compounds in the system Er–Pt–Si were analyzed and the structural relationships between them were established according to the systematics of the nearest coordination environment around the less electronegative Er atoms. Compounds, found in the system, were divided into two main types based on the nearest coordination environment, namely on the derivatives of hexagonal and pentagonal prisms with different amounts of additional atoms. These polyhedra exist both alone and in the combination with each other and with cubooctahedra in the structures of the different ternary silicides of erbium. Such a relatively small coordination environment of rare-earth metal atoms can be explained by the structural peculiarities of the ErPt3 binary compound. The coordination polyhedra of the smallest atoms are trigonal prisms with different amounts of additional atoms or cubooctahedra.
Oxidization resistance and sorption properties of oleogels as new-generation fatty systems
Authors:   National Technical University ", Nekrasov P.О. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Tkachenko N.A. , Nekrasov О.P. , Gudz О.M. , Berezka T.O. , Molchenko S.M.
Published: July 2021

Fats as complex mixtures of acylglycerols with lipid and non-lipid substances are an integral part of human nutrition. The presence of acylglycerols of trans-isomers of fatty acids causes many cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. A promising approach to solving the problem of minimizing the content of these undesirable compounds in food recipes is to create a new generation of fat systems, oleogels, which are the subject of this study. High-oleic sunflower oil was used as a dispersion medium of oleogels, which allows obtaining systems with increased resistance to oxidation, as opposed to the oils of traditional kinds. Sunflower seed wax and tocopherols are chosen as a dispersed phase of these fatty systems. The choice of these components was based on their properties to create a three-dimensional structure in oleogels with specified thermomechanical characteristics. Currently, there is a lack of information on the influence of the content of the dispersed phase on the technological parameters of oleogels, namely oxidative resistance and sorption properties. The purpose of the presented work was to study these features of oleogels and establish their dependences on their composition. To solve this problem, the yield surface method is used in the work. The unknown values of the parameter vector were determined by using regression analysis algorithms. Deviation functionality was minimized by finding the appropriate combinations of the experimental series of predictors. A mathematical model was developed which allows predicting oxidative stability and sorption properties of oleogels based on the data on their composition. The suitable mass fractions of the components of the dispersed phase of oleogels have been determined as follows: tocopherol content is 0.10–0.14 wt.% and the sunflower seed wax content is 1.8–4.0 wt.%. The results obtained can serve as a scientific basis for the development of technology for the industrial production of oleogels as new generation fatty systems.