bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doing It in Greek
Authors: Shaw Brent D.
Published: September 2020

While a considerable amount of scholarly energy has been devoted to the Latin versions of the Passion and Acts of the African martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas, by comparison rather little serious attention has been devoted to the Greek translation of the narrative of their martyrdom. Such an investigation requires a focus not just on technical problems of the similarities and differences between the Greek translation and a putative Latin original, but also attention to the more strategic problem of its place in the context of translations of Latin Christian texts. Although a Greek translation could have been made soon after the first appearance of the Latin narrative, this essay argues that a more likely context for the translation and for a heightened interest in the cult of Perpetua in Italy and in the East is a much later fifth- and sixth-century one. When we consider the cultural as much as the literary “translation” of Perpetua's martyrdom, we see that the drive to exploit the images and social power of a specific group of African martyrs explains the emphasis placed on them not only in Africa (specifically at Carthage) but also in a cluster of sites at the head of the Adriatic. These particular connections logically suggest concomitant ones with the eastern Mediterranean of the Byzantine state of the fifth and sixth centuries C.E.
A Phenomenographic Study of Adolescents’ Conceptions of Health Information Appraisal as a Critical Component of Adolescent Health Literacy
Authors: Stars Inese , Rubene Zanda
Published: September 2020

This paper reports on a health literacy study that explored adolescents’ conceptualizations of health information appraisal as a social practice in Latvia. The study was guided by phenomenography, a qualitative research approach used to describe people’s conceptions of a particular phenomenon. A purposive, maximum variation sampling was used, and 24 adolescents were recruited to take part in the study, ranging from 13 to 16 year-olds. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken for data collection. A phenomenographic method for data analysis was performed using the guidelines proved by Sandberg. The data analysis presented seven categories of description and an outcome space representing the adolescents’ qualitatively different conceptions of health information appraisal. The implications for health education in school are discussed.
Learning Outcomes in Science Among Elementary Level Students
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India, Gausiya Fatma , Raj Hem ,   Minerva College of Education, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176402, India
Published: September 2020

The evolution in field of science has led to technological advancement in present century and has made the human to think and behave in more scientific way. Inadequate knowledge of science and how it functions may affect the efficient functioning of humans, and thus this demands to have a society where students are exposed to scientific knowledge. Exposure to science from the foundations years in schools is not to develop each child into a scientist but it is necessary to develop scientific attitude in them to find out the truth by experiencing, observing and questioning what captivates their interest and attention. Hence, the present study focused on learning outcomes in science among elementary school students. The present study focuses on achievement of elementary school students in science and also compares the differences on the basis of the type of school and gender. The population for the study consisted of students from residential, government and private schools of Chandigarh. Sample was randomly selected including 35 students from class VIII from each type of school. The self-developed standardized Science Achievement Test (SAT) was used as an instrument for data collection. Data was analyzed using percentage, t-test and one way ANOVA with SPSS (version 21). The findings of the study revealed that 39 percent of students scored above average, 23 percent scored average and 38 percent scored below average in SAT. Male and female students do not differ on learning outcome in science but on the basis of type of school, students of residential school performed better in SAT as compared to government and private school students. It is recommended that various factors affecting learning outcomes in science should be explored to improve the Achievement in Science.
Multilingual Approach to Mathematics Education
Authors:   Madhava Kripa School, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India, Bairy Shailaja ,   Department of European Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
Published: September 2020

Multilingual approach to pedagogical practices in mathematics has the potential to target high level mathematical competence and abstraction. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an innovative educational approach to learning, a dynamic and motivating force with holistic features. Not only does it image a shift towards curricular and cultural integration but also helps greatly to focus on deeper conceptual understanding in Mathematics. CLIL’s basic principle of integration of the content and languages if accepted in a broader sense as ‘Content connected to regional language and a new language, culture, nature, real-life’ might solve various problems associated with the teaching-learning of mathematics, and thus ensures to support ‘learning for real life’. This paper establishes the need for ‘Multilingualism’ through a comprehensive literature research. It highlights multilingualism as a trigger for active approach to the quality of Mathematics education, mainly in Indian scenario. The importance of teaching mathematics as a language and specific strategies for teaching mathematics vocabulary are discussed. The illustrations provided for such approaches are entirely based on author’s teaching experiences.
Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Raei Mehdi
Published: September 2020

Background: One of the most common cancers is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is a serious health challenge worldwide. Considering the importance of knowledge of incidence, death and risk factors in prevention programs, this study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mortality and risk factors for oral cavity and lip cancer in the world.

Methods: A search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The search keywords included: oral cavity or lip cancer, epidemiology, incidence, mortality, risk factors, and a combination of these terms. Studies that referred to epidemiological aspects of oral cavity and lip cancer epidemiology and risk factors were included in the review.

Results: The five countries with the highest number of cancer of the oral cavity and lip included India, the United States, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The standard incidence of these cancers in the world was 4 per 100,000 people (in men versus women, 5.5 and 2.5 per hundred thousand, respectively). The five countries with the highest number of deaths from oral cavity cancer were India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Russia. In 2012, the standardized death rate for this type of cancer was 1.9 per 100,000 people in the world (2.7 vs. 1.2 in every 100,000 of men vs. women, respectively). The most important risk factors for oral and lip cancer include tobacco smoke, alcohol drinking, viral infections, exposure to sunlight, and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion: In order to reduce the burden of this cancer, there are the strategies for preventing risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol control, and vaccination against HPV infection to prevent oral cancers. Also, early detection by screening high-risk populations for oral cancer as well as risk reduction through training programs for physician and patients are effective.
Novel immunogenomic insights of corona virus disease (COVID-19): Available potential immunotherapeutics, current challenges, immune cell recognition and ongoing managerial strategies
Authors: Haneef Kabeer , Asghar Muhammad Umer , Ali Ashiq
Published: September 2020

The emerging Corona virus strain (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) harbors intricate in the development of corona virus infection (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia and subsequently ameliorates lung infection. Genome sequence and interventions reveal proximal resemblance of corona virus strain COVID-19 with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), transmittable to bats, suggesting similar primary hosts in the spread of infection. However, potential rapid human-to-human transmission has caused therapeutic challenges in treating a wide range of humans suffering from corona virus all over the world. However, up to now, no direct vaccines or antiviral drugs are available to treat COVID-19. Previously designed antiviral drugs and convalescent plasma are undergoing investigations as treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. Therapeutic challenges with regards to COVID-19 have prompted scientists to develop fruitful remedies to combat the pathogen. In this review, we address the role of current ongoing therapeutic strategies, , and complex mechanisms of adaptive immune system (B and T cells) to respond to viruses. Furthermore, we illustrate the current challenges in the treatment of COVID-19, managerial strategies, and ongoing and future perspectives.
COVID-19: A UK Children’s Hospital Experience
Authors: Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Dhesi Amrit , Hartshorn Stuart , Ali Syed Habib , Kirk Jeremy , Nagakumar Prasad , Jyothish Deepthi
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Reports from China relating to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children indicate a milder disease course compared with adults. Although a few pediatric COVID-19 reports from other parts of the world exist, there are none from the United Kingdom. We describe the clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19 admitted to a specialist children’s hospital in United Kingdom.

METHODS:

Retrospective case-series of inpatients with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, during a 6-week period from March 14 to April 24, 2020.

RESULTS:

Forty-five children tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the study period. Median (interquartile range) age was 3.5 (0.7–12) years, and 31 (69%) were male. Children with comorbidities constituted 64% (29 of 45) of the study population, including 44% (20 of 45) who were considered “extremely vulnerable.” Fever (67%) and cough (55%) were the most common symptoms. High C-reactive protein (>10 mg/L) was observed in 68% (19 of 28). Lymphopenia (<1.2 × 109/L) was observed in 23% (9 of 40) of children, but it was related to coexisting medical conditions in 6 children. Nine children required supplemental oxygen, two of whom received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen; one needed noninvasive ventilation and one child required invasive mechanical ventilation. Median length of stay of children with an admission outcome (n = 42, 93%) was 3 (2–7) days. There were no COVID-19–related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS:

COVID-19 had a relatively mild course of illness in majority of the hospitalized children that included a subgroup of vulnerable children with significant comorbidities. Confirmation of this in larger nationwide studies of children is required.
Time to Positive Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures in Febrile Infants ≤60 Days of Age
Authors: Alpern Elizabeth R. , Kuppermann Nathan , Blumberg Stephen , Roosevelt Genie , Cruz Andrea T. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Browne Lorin R. , VanBuren John M. , Ramilo Octavio , Mahajan Prashant
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the time to positivity for bacterial pathogens and contaminants in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in a cohort of febrile infants ≤60 days of age.

METHODS:

This was a secondary analysis of prospective observational multicenter study of noncritically ill infants ≤60 days of age with temperatures ≥38°C and blood cultures (December 2008 to May 2013). The main outcome was time to positivity for bacterial pathogens and contaminants.

RESULTS:

A total of 256 of 303 (84.49%) patients with positive blood cultures, and 73 of 88 (82.95%) with positive CSF cultures met inclusion criteria. Median time (interquartile range [IQR]) to positivity for blood cultures was 16.6 hours (IQR 12.6–21.9) for bacterial pathogens (n = 74) and 25.1 hours (IQR 19.8–33.0) for contaminants (n = 182); P < .001. Time to bacterial pathogen positivity was similar in infants 0 to 28 days of age (15.8 hours [IQR 12.6–21.0]) and 29 to 60 days of age (17.2 [IQR 12.9–24.3]; P = .328). Median time to positivity for CSF was 14.0 hours (IQR 1.5–21.0) for bacterial pathogens (n = 22) and 40.5 hours (IQR 21.2–62.6) for contaminants (n = 51); P < .001. A total of 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 71.8–90.3) and 81.8% (95% confidence interval, 59.7%–94.8%) of blood and CSF cultures showed bacterial pathogen positivity within 24 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among febrile infants ≤60 days of age, time to blood and CSF positivity was significantly shorter for bacterial pathogens than contaminants. Most blood and CSF cultures for bacterial pathogens were positive within 24 hours. With our findings, there is potential to reduce duration of hospitalization and avoid unnecessary antibiotics.
The Parent Role in Advocating for a Deteriorating Child: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Brady Patrick W. , Giambra Barbara K. , Sherman Susan N. , Clohessy Caitlin , Loechtenfeldt Allison M. , Walsh Kathleen E. , Shah Samir S. , Lannon Carole
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Families of children with medical complexity are experts on their child’s baseline behavior and temperament and may recognize changes in their hospitalized child’s health before clinicians. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive understanding of how families identify and communicate their child’s deteriorating health with the hospital-based health care team.

METHODS:

In this qualitative study, our multidisciplinary team recruited family members of hospitalized children with neurologic impairment. Interviews, conducted in the hospital, were audio recorded, deidentified, and transcribed. By using inductive thematic analysis, each transcript was independently coded by 3 or 4 team members. Members met regularly to reach consensus on coding decisions. Patterns observed were organized into themes and subthemes.

RESULTS:

Participants included 28 family members of 26 hospitalized children 9 months to 17 years of age. Children had a mean of 9 hospitalizations in the previous 3 years. Analysis resulted in 6 themes. First, families often reported their child “writes his own book,” meaning the child’s illness narrative rarely conformed to textbooks. Second, families developed informal, learned pathways to navigate the inpatient system. Third, families stressed the importance of advocacy. Fourth, families self-identified as “not your typical parents” and discussed how they learned their roles as part of the care team. Fifth, medical culture often did not support partnership. Finally, families noted they are often “running on empty” from stress, fear, and lack of sleep.

CONCLUSIONS:

Families of children with medical complexity employ mature, experience-based pathways to identify deteriorating health. Existing communication structures in the hospital are poorly equipped to incorporate families’ expertise.
Discrete-element simulation of drying effect on the volume and equivalent effective stress of kaolinite
Authors: Khabazian Moein , Mirghasemi Ali Asghar , Bayesteh Hamed
Published: September 2020

The effect of the drying path on the porosity and equivalent effective stress of unsaturated kaolinite is investigated using the discrete-element method. An unsaturated model is developed to determine the distribution of water and calculate the capillary forces between the platy clay particles. Non-flexible and flexible clay particles are simulated and the results are compared with laboratory data to investigate the influence of particle flexibility on the accuracy of the results. Simulations with flexible particles were found to be more accurate than simulations with non-flexible particles. The effect of the pore water characteristics of cation valence, cation concentration and initial porosity on the drying process is also examined. A range of water contents for kaolinite was selected for pendular and partially pendular states. The results showed that, as the cation valence and concentration increased, porosity decreased and the equivalent effective stress increased. It was shown that a decrease in sample porosity increased the equivalent effective stress.
A study on the behaviour of concrete columns wrapped with hemp fabric
Authors: Ghalieh Lea , Awwad Elie , Saad George , Khatib Helmi , Mabsout Mounir
Published: September 2020

The use of natural hemp fabric for strengthening existing concrete columns was investigated in this work. The results presented in this paper were based on an experimental setup analysing the efficiency of natural hemp fibres for the confinement of existing concrete columns. The variables considered were the number of hemp fabric layers, the column length/diameter ratio and the presence of transverse reinforcement. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on 36 specimens. The axial stress–strain curves ductility, and failure modes were analysed. The test results indicate that the three variables considered had significant effects on the confined columns’ strength and post-peak behaviour.
Endomarketing, compromiso organizacional y satisfacción laboral en colaboradores de una asociación educativa
Authors: Paz Vilchez José Eber , Huamán Moreto Sandrita Aracely , Tarrillo Paredes José
Published: September 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el Endomarketing, el compromiso organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en los colaboradores de la Asociación Educativa Adventista Nor Oriental 2019. El alcance de estudio es correlacional, de diseño no experimental y de carácter transversal, el cual se aplicó una muestra no probabilística constituida por 125 colaboradores, en los cinco colegios adventistas pertenecientes a la Misión Nor Oriental (MNO), a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de Endomarketing creado por Bhonemberger, la escala de compromiso organizacional creado por Meller y Allen y la escala de satisfacción laboral creado por Sonia Palma. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante la prueba estadística de Rho Spearman, demostrando una relación positiva considerable entre el Endomarketing y el compromiso organizacional (Rho = 0.870**; p < 0.000). Asimismo, se analizó la relación entre Endomarketing y satisfacción laboral, demostrando una relación positiva muy fuerte (Rho = 0.964**; p < 0.000). En conclusión, se observa que a mayores prácticas de Endomarketing, habrá mayor compromiso con la institución educativa y mayor satisfacción con los colaboradores.
Estudio sociológico sobre el efecto de las características de la modernidad en la identidad étnica
Authors: Khademian Talieh , Rezapour Naser , Pouryousefi Hamid
Published: September 2020

La etnicidad y la nacionalidad son tipos de identidades sociales modernas que han sido reformadas después de ser globalizadas. Esta investigación busca estudiar el papel de las características de la modernidad en la identidad étnica. Los datos de la investigación se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario elaborado por un investigador, y 384 estudiantes de la Universidad Islámica Azad, Teherán North Branch fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio no probabilístico en 2019. Los resultados muestran la relación significativa entre la identidad étnica y las características de la modernidad, estilo de vida moderno (r = -0.66), identidad moderna (r = -0.74), socialización moderna (r = -0.40) y uso intencionado de redes sociales virtuales (r = 0.31). En otras palabras, las identidades étnicas se debilitan por la tendencia de los participantes a los patrones y valores beneficiosos e individualistas occidentales adaptados con la ley, evitando y subestimando las normas religiosas y tradicionales. Mientras tanto, las redes sociales virtuales como herramienta de modernidad han sido una oportunidad para expresar las demandas étnicas políticas y sociales, en particular los hombres de la frontera como los kurdos y los turcos. Principalmente, han aparecido en forma de movimientos dramáticos y tensiones interétnicas que al seguir los elementos de la modernidad finalmente disminuyen las pertenencias étnicas y la tendencia a la identidad global, y solo el uso deliberado y consciente del espacio virtual puede aportar integridad y vitalidad a la identidad étnica. Además, ha unificado, despertado y demandado a las etnias en todas las fronteras nacionales debido a la historia y la identidad mutuas. Según los resultados de la investigación, la pertenencia étnica de los estudiantes kurdos y turcos fue mayor que la de otros, y estas etnias tienen una conciencia más completa sobre su historia, épica, tierra, costumbres étnicas, rituales, industria, estilo de ropa y cocina local. Además, se adhirieron al matrimonio, la asociación y la cooperación con su gente y estaban orgullosos de sus nombres nativos.
La experiencia escolar antes, durante y después de la guerra en narrativas de excombatientes
Authors: Torres-Puentes Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo expone parte de los resultados de una investigación doctoral, en la que se pretendió comprender, en narrativas de un grupo de excombatientes que se vincularon a grupos armados siendo niños, las características y confrontaciones que les plantean a la escuela y a la educación en su proceso de reincorporación. Los excombatientes entrevistados en el marco del estudio militaron en las guerrillas de las FARC y el ELN, así como en grupos paramilitares. A partir de sus narrativas sobre su experiencia humana se conoce de cerca sus experiencias escolares antes, durante y después de su vinculación. Además, se identifican características y confrontaciones sobre la escuela y el maestro, que bien podrían contemplarse y problematizarse en el proyecto de escuela para el llamado posacuerdo.
КРИТЕРИИ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ФОРМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА
Authors: Мельник Е. Н
Published: September 2020

Значительный интерес к теме социального предпринимательства обусловлен тем, что оно представляет собой эффективный способ решения социальных проблем в условиях ограниченных бюджетных ресурсов государства и одновременно выступает в роли инструмента развития региональной экономики. Статья посвящена раскрытию содержания и особенностей социального предпринимательства, его критериям и организационно-правовым формам.
ПЕРСОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ТРАЕКТОРИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РАБОТНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНДУСТРИИ 4.0
Authors: Будзинская О. В.
Published: September 2020

Статья посвящена поиску решения по удовлетворению потребности в квалифицированных кадрах с новыми компетенциями в высокотехнологичных отраслях. Инструменты Индустрии 4.0 видоизменяют бизнес-процессы в организации и создают предпосылки к постоянному обновлению компетенций персонала. Традиционная система подготовки кадров, свойственная эпохе индустриализации, не способна удовлетворить спрос на трудовые ресурсы с качественно иными характеристиками на рынке труда. Следовательно, решение обозначенного вопроса перекладывается на работодателей и решение может быть найдено на уровне корпоративных университетов. Для удовлетворения потребности в квалифицированных кадрах с новыми компетенциями в высокотехнологичных отраслях автор предлагает кадровую технологию по выделению дефицитных компетенций в портфеле компетенций работника и построению персонализированной траектории профессионального развития.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСА МАРКЕТИНГА НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ РЫНКЕ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ АВИАПЕРЕВОЗОК
Authors: Беленов О. Н. , Шурчкова Ю. В.
Published: September 2020

Проводится анализ характерных изменений, происходящих в традиционном комплексе маркетинга, под влиянием отраслевой специфики рынка пассажирских авиаперевозок. Рассматриваетсяданный процесс трансформации комплекса маркетинга как на внутреннем, так и на международном рынках.
Comparative characteristics of the contents of elements of economic analysis and business analysis
Authors: Kondrashova Nadezhda V.
Published: September 2020

Importance. A feature of modern economic analysis is a significant change in its tasks and functions. This is due to several reasons: transformation in the economic mechanism of enterprises; the diversity of activities highlights thematic areas of economic analysis; integration with other areas of the enterprise; interdisciplinarity. In recent years, business analysis has been actively developed. The listed reasons lead to the development of the methodology of economic analysis. The theory and practice of economic analysis is replenished with its directions, forms, methods, methods and techniques; areas of practical application of economic analysis expand. Objectives. Author's study of the content of elements of economic analysis and business analysis: objective, subjects and objects, tools; comparing them to identify common or different traits. Issues of standardization of analysis as a process of scientific knowledge; as a practice of analyzing the economic activity of an enterprise; competency requirements in professional standards. Methods. In the process of achieving this objective, the methods of scientific knowledge were used: dialectic; analysis and synthesis. The study is based on the study of relevant scientific and periodic economic literature. Conclusions and Relevance. The conclusion is made on understanding business analysis as a separate thematic area of economic analysis and the type of analytical work. The specifics of business analysis is determined by the object, which is aimed at its practical activities. Business acts as an object of economic analysis, and business analysis itself becomes a thematic area of economic analysis. The most significant distinguishing feature of business analysis from traditional economic analysis is the change in the comparison base - the requirements of stakeholders.
Impairment of Assets and Corporation Risk
Authors: Sapozhnikova Natalia G.
Published: September 2020

Importance. A large number of external and internal factors affect the economic activity of corporations. In particular, these factors give rise to risks that directly affect the valuation of assets in accounting and financial reporting.Objectives. The article explores the risks of loss of value of non-current and current assets, as well as the reasons for their occurrence, leading to a change in the corporation's equity.Methods. Research is based on methods of logic, analogy and statistical analysis, as well as methods for assessing the risk of loss in the value of non-current and current assets that have financial implications and affect the assessment and formation of accounting (financial) statements.Results. It is spoken in detail about recognition and adjustment of the value of assets subject to impairment, features of determining the amount of the impairment allowance for financial assets, inventories, and doubtful receivables. The author suggests introducing a methodology for testing long-term assets (fixed assets, intangible assets, other) for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets” in the practical activities of domestic corporations. The study showed that timely risk assessment of impairment loss provides the identification of the causes of risk, allows you to assess losses and make management decisions. Experiencing possible difficulties in eliminating the influence of external risk factors, the corporation is able to influence internal factors by monitoring the facts of economic life and maintaining accounting records.Conclusions and Relevance. The formation of the amount of the impairment allowance and the testing of corporate assets for impairment ensures the reliability of the information in the financial statements. The adoption of management decisions in identifying risks involves the creation of a control environment by the corporation, the organization of internal control procedures and regular informing of personnel about the results. The development of corporate accounting and reporting standards that establish the powers of corporation units and personnel in identifying and analyzing risks will make it possible to organize risk information. Summarizing information about risks in internal reporting formats will allow disclosing indicators and explanations about risks in public accounting (financial) statements
Dural Cell Isolation v1
Authors: Argouarch Andrea
Published: September 2020

Isolation of cells from human dura mater. Protocol includes tissue freezing, cutting the tissue with surgical tools, plating into a 6 well plate, placing a coverslip on top of the tissue, and adding cell culture media.
Cassiopea In Situ Hybridization v1
Authors: Steinworth Bailey
Published: September 2020

This is a protocol for in situ hybridization using Digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes to genes of interest. A separate protocol describes the design and synthesis of those probes. The purpose of this protocol is to visualize the spatial expression of genes. This protocol was written up by Bailey M. Steinworth and is based on the following publications: Wolenski FS, Layden MJ, Martindale MQ, Gilmore TD, Finnerty JR. 2013. Characterizing the spatiotemporal expression of RNAs and proteins in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Nat. Protoc. 8:900–915. Sinigaglia C, Thiel D, Hejnol A, Houliston E, Leclère L. 2018. A safer, urea-based in situ hybridization method improves detection of gene expression in diverse animal species. Dev. Biol. 434:15–23.
SalivaDirect™: RNA extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics v5
Authors: Vogels Chantal , E. Brackney Doug , C Kalinich Chaney , M Ott Isabel , Grubaugh Nathan , Wyllie Anne
Published: September 2020

SalivaDirect™ is an RNA-extraction free, dual-plexed RT-qPCR method for SARS-CoV-2 detection. It can be broadly implemented as it (1) does not require saliva collection tubes containing preservatives, (2) does not require specialized equipment for RNA extraction, and (3) is validated for use with products from multiple vendors. Thus, the simplicity and flexibility of SalivaDirect™ means that it is not as affected by supply chain bottlenecks as some other assays. Our method is RNA-extraction free which enables testing of low volume and minimally processed saliva in dual-plexed RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Saliva will be treated with proteinase K followed by a heat inactivation step, and is then directly used as input in the dual-plexed RT-qPCR test. Our aim was not to design new primers and probes for RT-qPCR testing, but rather to use validated primer and probe sets (N1 and RP) developed by the US CDC. The human Ribonuclease P (RP) probe was modified with a different fluorophore so that the primer/probe set could be combined in a dualplex assay, reducing the number of tests to 1 assay with 2 sets. Version 2 includes: Optimized thermocycler conditions Locally validated alternative options for Proteinase K, RT-qPCR master mix, and thermocyclers Use of 8-strip tubes for sample processing step, due to contamination issues in 96-well plates. Version 3 has been updated to remove steps for sample self-collection. Version 4 has updated Ct thresholds for the ABI 7500 Fast Dx. Version 5 has an updated description for use, additional RP probe with ATTO647 fluorophore, and a detailed table with catalog numbers.
USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS NA ODONTOLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Gomes Mayra Sousa , Pereira de Mendonça Angélica Kercya , Cordeiro Thaís Oliveira , Barbosa Maisie Mitchele
Published: September 2020

O uso de plantas medicinais foi implantado no Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. A fitoterapia tem ganhado espaço no meio odontológico por apresentar produtos naturais com maior atividade terapêutica, menor toxicidade e melhor biocompatibilidade cientificamente comprovadas, além de revelar custos mais acessíveis ao público. O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar e sintetizar as informações da literatura científica sobre as plantas medicinais que são mais utilizadas para os problemas da cavidade bucal, de forma a contribuir e promover o uso dessa terapia pelos cirurgiões-dentistas. O presente trabalho foi realizado através da revisão de literatura especializada por abordagem indutiva, por meio de técnica de documentação bibliográfica. Os fitoterápicos são capazes de contribuir para a prevenção, controle e tratamento de várias doenças bucais, podendo ser usados concomitantes a medicamentos tradicionais (alopáticos) ou não. No entanto, é importante que o profissional conheça a ação farmacológica desses compostos fitoterápicos, bem como os seus efeitos colaterais, interações medicamentosas e as contraindicações.
Inference for Long-memory Time Series Models Based on Modified Empirical Likelihood
Authors: Gamage Ramadha D. Piyadi , Ning Wei
Published: September 2020

Empirical likelihood method has been applied to short-memory time series models by Monti (1997) through the Whittle's estimation method. Yau (2012) extended this idea to long-memory time series models. Asymptotic distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio statistic for short and long-memory time series have been derived to construct confidence regions for the corresponding model parameters. However, it experiences the undercoverage issue which causes the coverage probabilities of parameters lower than the given nominal levels, especially for small sample sizes. In this paper, we propose a modified empirical likelihood which combines the advantages of the adjusted empirical likelihood and the transformed empirical likelihood to modify the one proposed by Yau (2012) for autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model for the purpose of improving coverage probabilities.Asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic has been established as the standard chi-square distribution with the degree of freedom one. Simulations have been conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method as well as the comparisons of other existing methods to illustrate that the proposed method can provide better coverage probabilities especially for small sample sizes.
A RESEARCH OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATERS USING THE MODERNIZED CLASSIFICATION OF ALEKIN
Authors: Khilchevskyi V.K. , Kurylo S.M.
Published: September 2020

Climatic changes and value of anthropogenic load of watershed of the rivers can be main reasons. The article researched long-term changes in the chemical composition of rivers in Ukraine. Long-term changes in the chemical composition of the river waters of Ukraine were analyzed using the modernized Alekin classification (modernization was proposed by V.K. Khilchevskyi and S.M. Kurylo). The additions introduced by the authors to the basic classification of O.A.Alekin allow fixing the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of natural waters by cations at the group level, as well as at a more detailed level, revealing quantitative changes in the relative content of class-forming anions (at the level of subtypes).
Taking it into account for the most relevant tasks which arise for hydrologists and hydrochemicals are considered to be determination of modern regularities of streamflow and hydrochemical regime in conditions of warming which happens and assessments of such changes for the perspective. The mineralization of water and concentration of the main ions in river waters change for many reasons. Studying has been executed on the Udaj river, Tur`ya river, Sula river. The trend of increasing salinity of river water is detection. Main changes are taking place in the spring. During period of supervisions there was growth of mineralization of water: Sula – from 440 to 1125 mg/dm3.The main factor there is an increased part of groundwater flow. In favor of this conclusion the following results of researches serve. The special executed calculations showed dependence between part of ground flow and chemical composition of water of the rivers.
Different classifications are used to systematize natural waters by chemical composition. Attempts to classify water in accordance with the general conditions by which their chemical composition is formed are known. For analysis of long-term changes of the hydrochemical regime in different phases of the water was found and application of the classification of Alekin (modernizated). Modernization does not touch the highest trait – class, but concerns groups and types, with the introduction of a new taxon – subtype. Modernization to the basic classification of Alekhin allow to fixed in detail the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of natural waters by cations at the group level. At a detailed level, quantitative changes in the relative content of anions (at the level of proposed subtypes) can be fixed.
Verification of the modernized classification of O.A. Alekhin, made on 25 rivers of the Dnipro river basin. Rivers are located in different environmental zones, have different anthropogenic pressure and term of observations (40 – 60 years).
An attempt was made to apply the modernized classification to other types of natural waters – groundwater and atmospheric.
La comercialización del turismo industrial
Authors: Caamaño Franco Iria
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se plantea la creación de un producto turístico comerciable a partir de un recurso industrial, ya bien sean instalaciones abandonadas o una empresa en activo. Como introducción se parte de la juventud de esta tipología turística y se expone una breve descripción del turismo industrial así como de los recursos relacionados con el mismo. A continuación, se ofrecen unas pautas a seguir para convertir ese recurso en un producto turístico atractivo y que se pueda comercializar, exponiendo simultáneamente ejemplos de éxito. Además se establecen las ventajas y desventajas que este producto ofrece tanto a las empresas (activas o inactivas) como a los propios destinos en su desarrollo. Finalmente, a partir del contexto en el que se encuentra la comercialización, dentro del marco de las nuevas tecnologías, se establecen las posibles vías de comercialización de productos turísticos relacionados con el turismo industrial.
Las denominaciones de origen y las rutas del vino en España: un estudio de caso
Authors: Millán Vázquez de la Torre Genoveva
Published: September 2020

Dentro de la actividad turística, la visita a bodegas cada vez está teniendo mayor importancia. Las rutas del vino como itinerarios culturales y avaladas por una Denominación Origen Protegida que certifique la calidad de sus caldos, pueden ser motores de desarrollo económico de las zonas donde se encuentran. En este articulo se analiza el turismo del vino desde su concepto, la DOP que lo certifica y las rutas que se crean, estudiando en la última parte la DOP Montilla-Moriles, ubicada en el sur de España, que fue de las primeras en adherirse a la creación de una ruta pero de las menos conocidas por el turista enológico.
Federal Interference with State and Tribal Sports Betting Regulations Will Not Work: Where the Sports Wagering Integrity Act of 2018 Went Wrong and How Federal Legislation Might Be Effective
Authors: Harris Becky
Published: September 2020

On Monday, May 14, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States struck a fatal blow to the federal Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) when it determined PASPA violated the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Prior to the PASPA repeal, Nevada had been the only state in the United States (US) authorized to offer a full complement of legal sports betting options. Because, Nevada’s race books and sports pools have had the ability to offer wagers on sports since 1947, those legal sports betting operations were “grandfathered” into PASPA when it was passed by Congress in 1992. Having anticipated repeal as a possible outcome, four states passed laws making sports betting legal in case the Supreme Court ruled in New Jersey’s favor, and one state pre-emptively legalized sports betting through a ballot measure. With barriers removed by the PASPA repeal, state gambling regulators were able to grant licenses and adopt regulations. State legislatures were also able legalize sports wagering during their upcoming legislative sessions. And they did!
‘Standing’ Up for State Rights in Sports Betting
Authors: Rodenberg Ryan M.
Published: September 2020

In Gov. Murphy, et al. v. Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n, et al., the Supreme Court resolved one sports betting-related federalism issue and teed up another. In deciding the constitutionality of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (“PASPA”), the Supreme Court considered PASPA vis-à-vis the anti-commandeering doctrine embedded in the Tenth Amendment. The Supreme Court’s majority opinion, written by Justice Alito, concluded: “The PASPA provision at issue here—prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling—violates the anti-commandeering rule.” Justice Alito also foreshadowed the next federalism issue that will likely arise in the sports betting context: “Congress can regulate sports gambling directly, but if it elects not to do so, each State is free to act on its own.” Numerous states have accepted the Supreme Court’s invitation since its ruling was released on May 14, 2018. As of April 30, 2020, over a fifteen states have moved to enact sports betting laws, with dozens more considering legislation.
Measurement and Risk Assessment of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields around Transformers in a Working Place
Authors: ÖZDEN Semih , SIRAV ARAL Bahriye , CANSEVEN KURŞUN Ayşe Gülnihal , SEYHAN Nesrin
Published: September 2020

Transformers present
the most common source of exposure to excessive extremely low frequency (ELF)
magnetic fields (MFs). A transformer is an
electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. Nowadays the effects of
extremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields on health have been
discussed frequently but there is few measurement studies performed around
various transformers for workers. In this
study, the leakage fields around transformers and enclosures site were measured in Ankara and evaluated
in terms of standards. It has been observed that people were exposed to ELF-MFs
above International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cancer limits. Many
people reported health complaints such as being tired in most working hours,
immunological complaints, dizziness, some cancer cases are also observed there.
In these systems areas safe distances or areas for people should be realized
and precautions should therefore be
taken to minimize the fields exposed
Interseccionalidade, Raça e Sexualidade: Compreensões Para a Velhice de Negros LGBTI+
Authors: Da Silva Alves Mateus Egilson , De Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes
Published: September 2020

Interseccionalidade é o termo cunhado no cerne do movimento feminista antirracista, e atualmente atribuído à conjunção de que formas de exclusão sociais se somam conforme condições identitárias de raça, gênero, sexualidade e classe social. Nessa conjuntura, negros e negras LGBTI+ tipificam agregar múltiplos preconceitos, como racismo e LGBTfobia, que afetam a qualidade de vida e interpõem consequências deletérias para seu envelhecimento, quando a idade surge como outro objeto de aversão social. Buscou-se, então, revisitar a literatura em diversas fontes, principalmente artigos científicos, visando a partir do aporte teórico da interseccionalidade produzir compreensões sobre a velhice de idosos negros LGBTI+. Discute-se que desigualdades raciais e sexuais coadunam com outras variáveis de vulnerabilidade social, ao que negros LGBTI+ obtém menor acesso a saúde, educação e proteção social, estando mais propensos a marginalização social na velhice que idosos brancos e heterossexuais. Apesar de não serem produzidos dados empíricos sobre o contexto brasileiro da velhice negra LGBTI+, espera-se contribuir para a expansão da literatura gerontológica sobre os aspectos psicossociais do envelhecimento desse grupo, ressaltando-se que políticas públicas devam ser constantemente reforçadas em prol da proteção de minorias sociais. A vista do avanço do envelhecimento populacional como fenômeno irrevogável, plural e dinâmico.
The MPA’s Leadership Style in Community-Based Forest and Land Fire Management
Authors: Budiningsih Kushartati , Suryandari Elvida Yosefi , Septina Ane Dwi
Published: September 2020

Community involvement in forest and land fires management at site level is important due to the community can play a central role in preventing forest and land fires. One of the programs that involves the community in controlling forest and land fires is the Fire Care Community or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA). The MPA institution is a group consisting of members who join voluntarily. As a organization, MPA requires leadership that is able to mobilize members to carry out their role. MPA Wonorejo in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, is one of the successful MPAs. In this case the leader of MPA Wonorejo received the Wana Lestari award from the Minister of Environment and Forestry in 2018. With the case study method, this research was conducted to explore the leadership style that has been applied to the Wonorejo MPA. The results showed that MPA Wonorejo's leadership style is a transformational style with charismatic characters, inspires members, encourages intellectuality and provides individual attention. The leader of MPA has an important role in mobilizing MPA members to play a role in fire control.
Categorization of Malay Social Media Text and Normalization of Spelling Variations and Vowel-less Words
Authors: Maskat Ruhaila , Abdul Rahman Nurazzah
Published: September 2020

As more data are being introduced, it brings along with it missing values, inconsistencies, and heterogeneities, or so-called unclean aspects. Text analytics relies on clean data to produce reliable results. Pre-processing is an essential phase in text analytics, specifically language detection and normalization. The problem with conducting text analytics on Malay social media text is how substantially it has transformed from formal Malay in terms of spelling and construction, making it difficult to process them. Recent advances have shown works to normalize yet cherry-picked specific types of Malay social media text where their descriptions were listed in simple and narrow categorizations. A formal categorization is necessary to provide significant description of the different patterns of Malay social media text, allowing the selection of suitable methods in handling them. In this paper, we propose an inexhaustive formal categorization for Malay social media text based on inherent nature. We refer to them as Social Media Malay Language (SMML) to differentiate them from the standard Malay language. They are spelling variations, Malay-English mix sentences, loan words/phrases, slang-based words, and vowel-less words. Also, in this work, we conducted a normalization on two of the SMML categories, spelling variations, and vowel-less words, using two similarity matching techniques (i.e., nGram Tversky Index and Levenshtein). Our result shows that similarity-matching techniques can detect both categories, but a more sophisticated technique is necessary to improve the precision score. The normalization of the rest of the categories is extensive research works.