bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 4 from Exhausted Tumor-infiltrating CD39+CD103+ CD8+ T Cells Unveil Potential for Increased Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gorchs Laia , Fernández-Moro Carlos , Asplund Ebba , Oosthoek Marlies , Solders Martin , Ghorbani Poya , Sparrelid Ernesto , Rangelova Elena , Löhr Matthias J. , Kaipe Helen
Published: February 2024

Tumor-infiltrating CD39+CD103+ T cells. A, A t-SNE analysis showing cluster point plots (1–8) and sample distribution in central (n = 5) and peripheral (n = 5) tumor tissues on 10-parameters flow cytometry analyses. B, Distribution of each parameter as a single cell level. The color shows the median fluorescence expression (MFI) of each marker. Green circles highlight cluster 3 representing CD4+ CD39+ T cells. Pink circles highlight cluster 8 representing CD8+ CD39+ CD103+ T cells. C, Heat map showing the distribution of each parameter for every cluster (1–8). The color shows the MFI of each marker (red: high MFI; blue: low MFI). D, Left, Pie charts showing the median values of CD39 SP, DP, CD103 SP, and DN CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in central tumor tissues (CT) n = 39, peripheral tumor tissues (PT) n = 38, non-tumor tissues (NTT) n = 34 and patient PBMCs (blood; n = 38; right). Flow cytometry dot plots showing the gating strategy to identify CD39+ CD103− (CD39 SP), CD39+ CD103+ (DP), CD39− CD103+ (CD103 SP), and CD39− CD103− (DN) on CD8+ T cells. Proportion of CD4+ T cells SP CD39 (CT n = 39, PF n = 38, NTT n = 34; E) and DP CD8+ T cells (F) in CT n = 39 and PF n = 38, NTT n = 34. G, Kaplan–Meier survival curves were performed on patients with high and low frequency of DP CD8+ T cells out of CD8+ T cells in central, peripheral, and non-tumor tissues. log-rank test was performed to detect statistical significance. H, Forest plots representing survival HRs of the clinicopathologic parameters and DP CD8+ T cells in central pancreatic tumor tissues defined in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. E and F, Friedman test followed by Dunn test was used to evaluate significant difference between groups. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant. T2, Tumor >2 cm; T3, Tumor > 4 cm; T4, Tumor involves coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery and/or common hepatic artery; N0, No regional lymph node metastasis; N1, Metastases in one to three regional lymph nodes; N2, Metastases in four or more regional lymph nodes; M0, No distant metastasis; M1, Distant metastasis.
FIGURE 2 from Exhausted Tumor-infiltrating CD39+CD103+ CD8+ T Cells Unveil Potential for Increased Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gorchs Laia , Fernández-Moro Carlos , Asplund Ebba , Oosthoek Marlies , Solders Martin , Ghorbani Poya , Sparrelid Ernesto , Rangelova Elena , Löhr Matthias J. , Kaipe Helen
Published: February 2024

Coinhibitory receptor expression on CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. Proportion of CD4+ (A) and CD8+ (B) T cells expressing PD-1 (CT n = 54, PT n = 52, NTT n = 42), TIM-3 (CT n = 53, PT n = 51, NTT n = 41), LAG-3 (NTT n = 6, CT n = 16, PT n = 16), CTLA-4 (CT n = 9, PT n = 8,NTT n = 2), and coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3 coinhibitory markers (CT n = 53, PT n = 51, NTT n = 41; C, left), flow cytometry representative dot plots on CD8+ T cells (right) to identify coexpression of PD-1 and TIM-3. D, Proportion of PD-1, TIM-3, PD-1TIM-3, LAG-3, and CTLA-4 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients’ PBMCs. E, Boolean gating analysis was performed on TIM-3, PD-1, and LAG-3 (n = 16). Pies (left) show median values on central tumor tissues (CT), peripheral tumor tissues (PT), and patients’ PBMCs (blood). F, Proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing 0, 1, 2, or 3 coinhibitory markers in central and peripheral tumor tissues. A–C, Friedman test followed by Dunn test was used to evaluate significant difference between groups (CT, PT, NTT) if n > 5. E, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank test was used to detect statistically significant differences between CT and PT tissues. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant.
FIGURE 1 from Exhausted Tumor-infiltrating CD39+CD103+ CD8+ T Cells Unveil Potential for Increased Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gorchs Laia , Fernández-Moro Carlos , Asplund Ebba , Oosthoek Marlies , Solders Martin , Ghorbani Poya , Sparrelid Ernesto , Rangelova Elena , Löhr Matthias J. , Kaipe Helen
Published: February 2024

Proportion of immune cells in pancreatic tissues. The proportion of different immune subsets were studied by flow cytometry in central tissues (CT; blue), peripheral tissues (PT; purple), non-tumor tissues (NTT; brown), and patients’ PBMCs (black). A, Tumor and reactive stroma area calculated by QuPath in the three tissue compartments (n = 9). B, Total numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells per mg of tissue (n = 40). C, Frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from CD45+ cells (CT, PT n = 35, NTT n = 25, blood n = 35). D, Memory phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CT n = 15, PT n = 14, NTT n = 6, blood n = 24). E, Proportion of CD69 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CT n = 12, PT n = 11, NTT n = 5, blood n = 12). F, Proportion of ICOS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CT n = 15, PT n = 14, NTT n = 5, blood n = 15). G, Proportion of granzyme B, perforin, and granzyme B-perforin coexpression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from central and peripheral tumor tissues, non-tumor tissues and patients’ PBMCs (n = 8). H, Proportion of MAIT cells from CD3+ T cells (CT n = 21, PT n = 20, NTT n = 13, blood n = 21). I, Proportion of CD19+ B cells from CD45+ cells (CT n = 32, PT n = 32, NTT n = 26, blood n = 32). A–C, F–I, Friedman test followed by Dunn test was used to evaluate significant difference between groups (CT, PT, NTT; F–I) and patients’ PBMCs if n > 5. *, P <0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant.
Focused Ultrasound for Treatment of Movement Disorders: A Review of Non-Food and Drug Administration Approved Indications
Authors: Cummins Daniel D. , Bernabei John M. , Wang Doris D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: MRI-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) is an incisionless thermo-ablative procedure that may be used to treat medication-refractory movement disorders, with a growing number of potential anatomic targets and clinical applications. As of this article’s publication, the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved uses of FUS for movement disorders are thalamotomy for essential tremor (ET) and tremor-dominant Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and pallidotomy for other cardinal symptoms of PD. We present a state-of-the-art review on all non-FDA approved indications of FUS for movement disorders, beyond the most well-described indications of ET and PD. Our objective was to summarize the safety and efficacy of FUS in this setting and provide a roadmap for future directions of FUS for movement disorders. Methods: A state-of-the-art review was conducted on use of FUS for non-FDA approved movement disorders. All movement disorders excluding FDA-approved uses for ET and PD were included. Results: A total of 25 studies on 172 patients were included. In patients with tremor plus dystonia syndromes (n = 6), ventralis intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM)-FUS gave >50% tremor reduction, with no improvement in dystonia and worsened dystonia in 2/6 patients. Ventral-oralis complex (VO)-FUS gave >50% improvement for focal hand dystonia (n = 6) and 100% return to musical performance in musician’s dystonia (n = 6). In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and tremor (n = 3), improvement in tremor was seen in 2 patients with a favorable skull density ratio; no MS disease change was noted after VIM-FUS. In patients with tremor and comorbid ataxia syndromes (n = 3), none were found to have worsened ataxia after VIM-FUS; all had clinically significant tremor improvement. Subthalamic nucleus (STN)-FUS for PD (n = 49) gave approximately 50% improvement in PD motor symptoms, with dystonia and mild dyskinesias as possible adverse effects. Cerebellothalamic tract (CTT-FUS) for ET (n = 42) gave 55–90% tremor improvement, with gait dysfunction as a rare persistent adverse effect. Pallidothalamic tract (PTT-FUS) for PD (n = 50) gave approximately 50% improvement in motor symptoms, with mild speech dysfunction as a possible adverse effect. Conclusion: VIM-FUS appeared safe and effective for heterogenous tremor etiologies, and VO-FUS appeared most effective for isolated segmental dystonia. STN-FUS was effective for PD symptom reduction; postoperative dystonia and mild on-medication dyskinesias required medical management. Tractography-based targeting with CTT-FUS for ET and PTT-FUS for PD demonstrated promising early results. Larger prospective trials with long-term follow-up are needed to the evaluate the safety and efficacy non-FDA approved indications for FUS.
The Clinical Relevance of the Expression of SGLT2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iwai Shun , Motono Nozomu , Oyama Tsunehiro , Shioya Akihiro , Yamada Sohsuke , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: February 2024

Purpose: We aimed to elucidate the functions and clinical relevance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in resected lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: The protein expression of SGLT2 in tumor samples from 199 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression, clinical variables, and survival outcomes were compared. Results: The median SGLT2 expression was significantly higher in advanced-stage and more aggressive adenocarcinomas. Age ≥70 (p < 0.01), BI ≥600 (p < 0.01), PRDX4 <25 (p < 0.01), and SGLT2 ≥12% (p = 0.03) were significant factors for RFS in multivariate analysis. Significant differences were observed in the RFS rates of the groups divided using the cutoff value of SGLT2 ≥12% (5-year RFS: 72.6% vs. 90%) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of SGLT2 was more frequently detected in advanced-stage and more aggressive adenocarcinomas with aggressive biological behavior than in their counterparts. The survival analysis revealed that the strong expression of SGLT2 was associated with poorer RFS. The SGLT2 expression predicts postoperative recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Atopic Dermatitis Severity and Risk for Psoriasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Ji , Hong Yong Jun , Han Kyung Do , Lee Ji Hyun
Published: February 2024

Introduction: As research on the role of the Th17/IL-23 pathway gains importance, the relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis is becoming elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study wasto evaluate whether AD and its severity affect the risk for psoriasis. Methods: This retrospective population-based study used the database from the 2009 National Health Insurance Services-Health Screening Cohort in Korea. A total of 3,957,922 adult subjects were included and observed until 2018. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed psoriasis. Results: After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the moderate-to-severe AD group had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for psoriasis (HR = 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.40–2.61), followed by the mild AD group (HR = 2.31; 95% CI: 2.19–2.44) compared with the non-AD group during a median 8.11 ± 1.19 years of follow-up. Limitations: It is difficult to define AD, which is not standardized, using a claims database and exclude patients who were misdiagnosed with AD. Conclusion: Patients with severe AD showed an increased risk for psoriasis compared to controls, and the risk for psoriasis was increased according to AD severity. This suggests that psoriasis and AD could share inflammatory, immune, and genetic features.
Development of a Semi-Dry Method for Measuring Drug Permeation into Skin Using an Electric Facial Care Device and Iontophoresis
Authors: Touma Yumi , Ichikawa Mayumi , Kishi Masatake , Yokota Tomomi , Fujisawa Akio
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Percutaneous drug delivery systems are attractive not only as a therapeutic strategy but also for cosmetic treatment. Iontophoresis is a well-recognized method for promoting transdermal absorption of ionized compounds. Franz cells are generally used to estimate drug permeation of skin by iontophoresis. However, methods using Franz cells are less versatile; for instance, the method is unsuited for use with a portable electric facial care device having a working probe of a certain size and weight. In this study, we constructed a semi-dry apparatus for use with an electric facial care device. Methods: The apparatus has a multilayer structure consisting of mouse skin and 3 filter papers, modeled after the Franz cell. The skin permeation of the drug edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) was then measured using this apparatus. Results: Edaravone permeation depended on working time, drug concentration, and ionization ratio of edaravone when iontophoresis was carried out with an electric facial care device. Furthermore, glycyrrhizic acid, α-tocopheryl phosphate, retinoic acid, and ascorbyl palmitate, which are recognized as functional cosmetic materials, also permeated the skin by applying iontophoresis with the device. Conclusion: These results suggest that the developed measuring apparatus is applicable for use with a portable electric facial care device and that iontophoresis using a portable electric facial care device is potentially useful in the cosmetic field.
Neural Correlates of Obesity and Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Kim Mimi S. , Pickering Trevor A. , Cotter Devyn L. , Fraga Nicole R. , Luo Shan , Won Cindy Y. , Geffner Mitchell E. , Herting Megan M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) exhibit an increased prevalence of obesity from childhood including central adiposity and inflammation. There is also an emerging affected brain phenotype in CAH, with decreased cortico-limbic gray matter volumes and white matter abnormalities. We aimed to study the relationship between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in children and adolescents with CAH compared to controls. Methods: 27 CAH (12.6 ± 3.4 y, 16 females) and 35 control (13.0 ± 2.8 y, 20 females) participants had MRI of gray matter regions of interest (prefrontal cortex [PFC], amygdala, hippocampus) and white matter microstructure (fornix, stria terminalis [ST]). Anthropometric measures and lab analytes were obtained. Relaimpo analyses (relative importance for linear regression; percent variance) identified which brain structures were most different between groups. Subsequent regressions further quantified the magnitude and direction of these relationships. Correlations analyzed relationships between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in the context of CAH status. Results: PFC (13.3% variance) and its superior frontal (SF) subregion (14%) were most different between CAH and controls for gray matter; ST (16%) for white matter. Patients with CAH had lower caudal middle frontal (β = −0.56 [−0.96, −0.15]) and superior frontal (β = −0.58 [−0.92, −0.25]) subregion volumes, increased orientation dispersion index in the fornix (β = 0.56 [0.01, 1.10]) and ST (β = 0.85 [0.34, 1.36]), and decreased fractional anisotropy in the fornix (β = −0.91 [−1.42, −0.42]) and ST (β = −0.83 [−1.34, −0.33]) (all p’s < 0.05) indicating axonal disorganization, reduced myelin content, and/or higher microglial density within the affected white matter tracts. For the full cohort, SF was correlated with MCP-1 (r = −0.41), visceral adipose tissue (r = −0.25), and waist-to-height ratio (r = −0.27, all p’s < 0.05); ST was correlated with MCP-1 (r = 0.31) and TNF-α (r = 0.29, all p’s < 0.05); however, after adjusting for CAH status, almost all correlations were attenuated for significance. Conclusions: Relationships among key brain structures, body composition, and inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with CAH could be largely driven by having CAH, with implications for obesity and neuroinflammation in this high-risk population.
Systemic Inflammatory Index: A Promising Non-Invasive Marker for the Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy prior to Cystectomy
Authors: Ozcan Levent , Polat Emre Can , Baran Caner , Boylu Ahmet , Erkoc Mustafa , Otunctemur Alper
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The main challenge to the optimal use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the difficulty in selecting patients who may or may not benefit from NAC. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) predicts response to chemotherapy in patients who receive NAC prior to cystectomy. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of patients who underwent NAC followed by cystectomy at our institution between January 2010 and September 2015 and whose 5-year follow-up was completed. All patients who underwent diagnostic biopsy with complete transurethral resection of bladder tumour at our hospital and whose pathology result was muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma were included in the study. At least 3 courses of gemcitabine/cisplatin NAC were given to all patients. A pathological response was defined as a reduction in cystectomy to a lower pathological stage after NAC. Results: The SII was 320.8 ± 51 in the responders and 388.28 ± 50 in the non-responders. SII optimal cut-off of 350 was determined. The sensitivity and specificity of SII in predicting response were found to be 80% and 83%, respectively. Low SII (<350) was found to be a significant predictor of response compared with the other factors on multivariate analysis. The mean overall survival time was 55.4 months in patients with a low SII value and 40.3 months in the high SII group. Conclusion: SII, together with known clinicopathological factors and newer genetic and molecular markers, can be used to select patients for NAC.
Diet, DNA methylation and systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence and perspectives focused on personalized nutrition
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda A , Carvalho Lucas M , da Mota Jhulia C.N.L. , Nonino Carla Barbosa , Gualano Bruno , Nunes Juan A.V , Martinez José Alfredo , Nicoletti Carolina F
Published: February 2024

Background: The pathoetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a multifactorial interaction consisting of various genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Considering epigenetic characteristics, notable alterations in DNA methylation, particularly hypomethylation in immune-related pathways, such as T cell receptor have been observed. In turn, these alterations are associated with the overexpression of genes related to autoimmunity and a loss of immunological self-tolerance. Furthermore, DNA hypomethylation levels in SLE may contribute to disease progression and also impact disease activity and clinical manifestations. Summary: It is well-established that nutritional epigenetics elucidates the role of nutrition and dietary factors on the interactions of metabolic systems with the molecules that bind to DNA, regulating gene expression. Specific nutritional interventions may reverse initial epigenetic patterns, thereby significantly impacting the chronic disease´s treatment and prognostic. In fact, dietary nutrients and bioactive food compounds may influence DNA methylation patterns by inhibiting enzymes related to DNA methylation reactions or by altering the availability of different substrates involved in DNA methylation process (e.g methyl-donor nutrients). Key Messages: The knowledge of how diet plays a role in changing DNA methylation patterns in SLE is in the early stages. While a few studies in the literature have assessed the effects of nutrient intake, supplementation, or treatment on DNA methylation levels and have demonstrated their relevance, further research is imperative to deepen our comprehension of the interactions between epigenetics and nutrients, which is vital for the development of novel precision nutrition approaches.
Armillaria korhonenii, the sixteenth biological species of Armillaria from China
Authors: LIU JIANWEI , QIN GUOFU , CHEN JIAN , SONG JING , YAN ZHUYUE , YANG SHIMEI , TIAN MENG-HUA , XU XIN , ZHANG CHANGFEI , LUANGHARN THATSANEE , BHUNJUN CHITRABHANU S. , YU FUQIANG , YANG ZHU L.
Published: February 2024

Armillaria korhonenii, designated as Chinese biological species Q (CBSQ) here, is described as a new species based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence as well as the results of mating tests. This species is the sixteenth biological species of Armillaria reported from China following the discovery of 15 previously known biological species. Phylogenetically, A. korhonenii is the earliest divergent lineage of the genus Armillaria as inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the Elongation Factor 1-Alpha (EF1a). Morphologically, it is characterized by its ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores, yellowish orange to honey yellow pileus with fibrillose squamules. Mating tests indicated that A. korhonenii is a tetrapolar heterogeneous species and is inter-sterile with all the tested species except partial compatibility with CBSH.
4. Razones basadas en la autonomía a favor del limitarismo
Authors: Zwarthoed Danielle
Published: February 2024

Este artículo pretende dar razones basadas en la autonomía a favor del limitarismo. El limitarismo afirma que es de primordial importancia moral que nadie tenga demasiado. El artículo cuestiona el supuesto estándar de que tener más recursos materiales siempre aumenta la autonomía. Expone cinco mecanismos a través de los cuales tener demasiada riqueza material podría socavar la autonomía. Si estas hipótesis son verdaderas, una teoría de la justicia guiada por una preocupación por la autonomía apoyará una distribución limitarista de la riqueza. Finalmente, el artículo discute dos problemas que el limitarismo basado en la autonomía plantearía. Primero, en la medida en la que la coerción invade la autonomía, ¿las razones basadas en la autonomía legitiman medidas coercitivas para asegurar una distribución limitarista de la riqueza? Segundo, ¿un ethos limitarista es consistente con el incentivo de producir suficiente riqueza para asegurar la justicia distributiva?
5. Limitarismo
Authors: Timmer Dick
Published: February 2024

En este artículo, evalúo las expectativas de la tesis limitarista de que alguien tiene demasiada riqueza si exceden un umbral de riqueza específico. El limitarismo afirma que hay buenas razones políticas y/o éticas para prevenir que la gente tenga dicha “riqueza excedente”, por ejemplo, porque no tiene ningún valor moral para su poseedor o porque permitir que las personas tengan riqueza excedente tiene menos valor moral que redistribuirla. Partiendo de literatura reciente sobre la justicia distributiva, defiendo dos tipos de principios limitaristas de la justicia. Primero, los principios limitaristas de nivel medio parten de la tesis limitarista para especificar compromisos normativos para guiar el diseño institucional y las acciones individuales. Segundo, la presunción limitarista parte de esa tesis para especificar qué es lo que una asignación justa de riqueza requiere bajo restricciones epistémicas. Tal presunción dice que, si no tenemos razones sustantivas que indiquen lo contrario, deberíamos considerar que una distribución es injusta si la riqueza de algunas personas excede el umbral limitarista. Además, argumentaré que debemos rechazar una interpretación posible, pero implausible, del limitarismo como un patrón distributivo ideal. No obstante, el limitarismo puede desempeñar un rol importante en la teorización sobre la justicia en el mundo real tanto como un principio de nivel medio como una presunción.
11. El argumento del autorrespeto a favor del limitarismo
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian
Published: February 2024

El limitarismo es la perspectiva de que la justicia requiere que se limite la riqueza, al menos bajo ciertas condiciones. En su forma original, Ingrid Robeyns desarrolló y justificó normativamente esta perspectiva usando dos argumentos: el argumento democrático y el argumento de las necesidades urgentes insatisfechas. En este capítulo, quiero contribuir a la justificación del limitarismo proporcionando un argumento novedoso a favor del limitarismo que es distinto de los dos argumentos desarrollados por Robeyns. Este argumento está basado en el autorrespeto como un bien básico primario. De acuerdo con este argumento, el limitarismo es necesario para proteger la base social del autorrespeto de todos los miembros de la sociedad, de tal manera que puedan desarrollar un sentido de valor propio y puedan perseguir sus proyectos personales. Ya que este tipo de autorrespeto es un bien básico más importante que la riqueza por encima de cierto umbral, el limitarismo puede justificarse ya sea como un principio de justicia o como una implicación política directa de los principios de justicia, si resulta necesario para asegurar la base social del autorrespeto.
13. Límites ecológicos
Authors: Green Fergus
Published: February 2024

En años recientes, se ha visto el resurgimiento de un discurso científico, político y filosófico con respecto a la noción de límites ecológicos. Este artículo proporciona un panorama conceptual de tesis descriptivas sobre los límites ecológicos—es decir, afirmaciones de que existen límites biofísicos reales—y revisa trabajos de filosofía política y social en los que dichas tesis constituyen la base de propuestas a favor de límites normativos. Éstos se clasifican en términos de tres tipos amplios de teorización normativa: justicia distributiva, reformas institucionales/legales y la vida buena. Dentro de estas tres categorías, el artículo revisa las propuestas normativas a favor de los límites en un nivel agregado e individual de explotación ecológica. También considera la relevancia que los hechos políticos e ideológicos tienen para el análisis normativo de los límites ecológicos, lo que plantea preguntas metodológicas sobre cómo deberían responder los teóricos normativos a un mundo que se enfrenta a retos ecológicos cada vez más grandes.
Sorry cites: The (necro) politics of citation in the anthropology of religion
Authors: Pérez Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

In this article, I analyze the under-citation of Black and/or Latine scholars—especially those located disciplinarily within religious studies—in the anthropology of religion. I draw from my own experience as an editorial assistant at History of Religions, manuscript reviewer, and Latine ethnographer of religion to speculate on the reasons why researchers might refuse to cite them, preferring either to neglect their contributions or to “plagnore” them, to borrow a term coined by legal scholar, law professor, and activist Lolita Buckner Inniss. I then expand on Chicana and Boricua feminist and race scholar Nichole Margarita Garcia’s theorization of under-citation as “spirit-murdering.” I invoke philosopher and political scientist Achille Mbembe’s formulation of necropolitics to make the case that citation is a matter of life and death for Black and Latine women scholars in particular. In the absence of institutional accountability for editors and authors, I conclude with recommendations for the diversification of our scholarship and syllabi.
Violent Victimization of Youth With Mental Disorders: Does Lifestyles/Routine Activities or Control Perspectives Mediate the Relationship Between Mental Illness and Victimization?
Authors: Harris Michelle N.
Published: February 2024

Youth with mental disorders, especially those involved in the criminal justice system, experience violent victimization at greater rates when compared to the general population. Despite this, few studies examine mediating factors drawn from criminological theory to explain why this population experiences victimization at greater rates than the general population, nor identifies factors that explain differential risk for violent victimization based on disorder type. Using the Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal study of 1,354 adjudicated adolescent offenders, direct and indirect effects of factors drawn from lifestyles/routine activities and control perspectives using path analyses are estimated to understand if they mediate the relationship between two different disorder types (mood and substance usage/dependence disorders) and violent victimization. For both disorder types, direct and indirect effects of proximity to motivated offenders significantly increased the odds of victimization and fully mediated the relationship between disorder type and victimization. Mechanisms linking mood and substance usage disorders to victimization suggest that this population are more likely to be victimized because of key elements connected to lifestyles/routine activities theory. Control perspectives, on the other hand, did not mediate the relationship between mental illness and violent victimization. Implications for interventions, theory, and future research are discussed.
Contestations over risk expertise, definitions and insecurities: The case of European football
Authors: Lee Ludvigsen Jan Andre
Published: February 2024

This article advances sociological debates which, since the 1990s, have proliferated over the nature of ‘risk’ and ‘insecurity’ in modern societies. Central here is Ulrich Beck’s work, dealing with questions regarding which expert systems and institutions possess the ability to define what constitutes a risk or not. For Beck, hegemonic relations of definitions are central in the identification and construction of risk. However, risks are contested by wider publics, sub-political groups and movements. Notwithstanding, existing literature predominantly explores these contestations through techno-scientific contexts. Through a case-study of European men’s football (1985–2023), this article extends Beck’s work into the field of sport, by examining how supporter movements have contested expert claims on risk, insecurity and its management in leisure and sporting cultures. The article argues that reflexive cultures of contestation have matured and enabled a small section of ‘recognized’ supporters to become ‘counter-experts’, thereby blurring the expert/public distinction within Beck’s theories. It thus contributes to sociological debates on risk and citizen-expert contestations in contemporary social contexts.
‘Brazil must be a country for entrepreneurs and workers, not scoundrels’: Personal branding mechanisms underpinning CEO activism
Authors: Barros Amon , Rosenthal Benjamin , Coelho Caio , Leandro Bruno
Published: February 2024

Chief executive officer (CEO) activism literature primarily explores issues in which CEOs engage, and its consequences for consumers and employees. However, a glaring gap lies in how CEOs engage in activism, particularly, through social media. Our study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the online identity of Luciano Hang, a Brazilian CEO, activist, and billionaire, focusing on the crafting of Hang’s online identity, particularly on Instagram, using five personal branding mechanisms to influence broad sociopolitical issues. Hang’s unique case offers a lens for right-wing CEO activism, contrasting with mostly progressive cases in the western contexts. Using critical visual analysis to decode the Instagram content posted by Hang, who actively advocates for political conservatism, entrepreneurism, and economic liberalism, we find that CEO activists do not merely speak on specific issues, but carefully construct their online identity aligning with or challenging social norms and values. Our research extends the understanding of CEO activism by revealing its heterogeneous nature and connecting organization studies and marketing, in addition to demonstrating how CEOs can leverage personal branding to portray themselves as activists.
Covid-19 Vaccination: An Attitude Analysis of Global Users of Social Media Towards Government Communication
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Tripathi Aditya P. , Jagwani Priti , Agrawal Noopur
Published: February 2024

Amidst a global pandemic, the key challenge before governments, health institutions and administrative authorities is to communicate and inform the general public about the never-heard of morbidity, virology and immunity in their simplest form and language. However, this can only be possible when they can appropriately predict the perceptions and reactions of public to a given set of communications regarding the disease, preventive measures and the adoption of established principles of users’ perceptions. This article is a study of the users’ perceptions about Covid-19 vaccination. It conducts sentiment analysis in Python on a dataset of global users of the social media channel Twitter. The dataset available at kaggle.com, comprising 51,393 tweets from December 2020 to February 2021 with more than fifteen features, was put to test. The majority of the people (60.8%) expressed their neutral sentiments towards vaccination, while 23.9% had a positive opinion. Further, in order to evaluate the aforementioned analysis, the machine learning pipeline process of model evaluation is also performed. This process includes a split of dataset into training and testing, followed by determining various evaluation parameters including confusion matrix, precision, recall and F1-score. The accuracy of 97.1% depicts the outperformance of the model.
Understanding Deviant Behaviour: Insights from Executive-Grade Officers in the Government of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kodagoda Thilakshi , Ramanayake Janani
Published: February 2024

This article attempts to understand how and why deviant behaviour emerges among executive-grade officers in Sri Lanka. This qualitative research includes open-ended interviews with eight executive-grade officers in the government sector. The thematic data analysis of the interviews revealed several factors that influence deviant behaviour among them. These include individual characteristics, attitudes, social norms, organisational culture, unawareness of rules, lack of procedural improvements, misuse of power and authority. The article explores practical implications, how procedural improvements should be implemented and ethical education should promote self-discipline, proper monitoring mechanisms and transparency through the Right to Information Act (2016).
Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset
Authors: Barnum Miriam , Fariss Christopher J. , Markowitz Jonathan N. , Morales Gaea
Published: February 2024

Military spending data measure key international relations concepts such as balancing, arms races, the distribution of power, and the severity of military burdens. Unfortunately, missing values and measurement error threaten the validity of existing findings. Addressing this challenge, we introduce the Global Military Spending Dataset (GMSD). GMSD collates new and existing expenditure variables from a comprehensive collection of sources, expands data coverage, and employs a latent variable model to estimate missing values and quantify measurement error. We validate the data and present new findings. First, correlations between economic surplus and military spending are currently higher than at any point in the last two-hundred years. Second, updating DiGiuseppe and Poast’s (2018) analysis, we find larger substantive effects. Specifically, we find that the (negative) effect of a democratic ally on military spending is three times larger, and the (positive) effect of an increase in GDP is five times larger than previously estimated.
Intelligently Quantifying the Entire Irregular Dental Structure
Authors: Liu H. , Duan J. , Zeng P. , Shi M. , Zeng J. , Chen S. , Gong Z. , Chen Z. , Qin J. , Chen Z.
Published: February 2024

Quantitative analysis of irregular anatomical structures is crucial in oral medicine, but clinicians often typically measure only several representative indicators within the structure as references. Deep learning semantic segmentation offers the potential for entire quantitative analysis. However, challenges persist, including segmentation difficulties due to unclear boundaries and acquiring measurement landmarks for clinical needs in entire quantitative analysis. Taking the palatal alveolar bone as an example, we proposed an artificial intelligence measurement tool for the entire quantitative analysis of irregular dental structures. To expand the applicability, we have included lightweight networks with fewer parameters and lower computational demands. Our approach finally used the lightweight model LU-Net, addressing segmentation challenges caused by unclear boundaries through a compensation module. Additional enamel segmentation was conducted to establish a measurement coordinate system. Ultimately, we presented the entire quantitative information within the structure in a manner that meets clinical needs. The tool achieved excellent segmentation results, manifested by high Dice coefficients (0.934 and 0.949), intersection over union (0.888 and 0.907), and area under the curve (0.943 and 0.949) for palatal alveolar bone and enamel in the test set. In subsequent measurements, the tool visualizes the quantitative information within the target structure by scatter plots. When comparing the measurements against representative indicators, the tool’s measurement results show no statistically significant difference from the ground truth, with small mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and errors interval. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients indicate the satisfactory agreement compared with manual measurements. We proposed a novel intelligent approach to address the entire quantitative analysis of irregular image structures in the clinical setting. This contributes to enabling clinicians to swiftly and comprehensively grasp structural features, facilitating the design of more personalized treatment plans for different patients, enhancing clinical efficiency and treatment success rates in turn.
Tests of Social Bonding, Differential Association/Social Learning, Strain Theories, and Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Türkiye
Authors: Ozbay Ozden , Zeybekoglu Akbas Ozge , Kokturk Gokhan V.
Published: February 2024

Background: Only a few studies have tested the effects of social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories on cigarette smoking by adolescents in the West/the U.S. and Türkiye. Objectives: Using data collected from adolescents (N = 1.710) living in central Ankara (the capital of Türkiye) in 2001, this study explored whether social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories had any effect on adolescent cigarette use and whether the link between these theories and cigarette smoking varied by gender. Results: While family supervision was negatively associated with the likelihood of cigarette smoking, substance use by close friends, having delinquent friends, definitions favorable to smoking, school failure and punishment at school were positively related to the likelihood of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories are generally associated with smoking in the theoretically expected direction. However, the data also indicate that variables from social learning theory have a greater impact on cigarette smoking by adolescents, followed by variables from strain and social bonding theories. Finally, the three theories appear to play more important roles in female than male adolescent smoking behaviors.
p-Values as QWERTY: Curating Evidence in the Computational Era
Authors: Feinberg Fred
Published: February 2024

McShane et al.'s (2024) wide-ranging critique of null hypothesis significance testing provides a number of specific suggestions for improved practice in empirical research. This commentary amplifies several of these from the perspective of computational statistics—particularly nonparametrics, resampling/bootstrapping, and Bayesian methods—applied to common research problems. Throughout, the author emphasizes estimation (as opposed to testing) and uncertainty quantification through a comprehensive process of “curating” a variety of graphical and tabular evidence. Specifically, researchers should be encouraged to estimate the quantities that matter, with as few assumptions as possible, in multiple ways, then try to visualize it all, documenting their pathway from data to results for others to follow.
Coworkers Behaving Badly: How the Dark Triad Influences Responses to Witnessing Workplace Misconduct
Authors: Hall Braden T. , Lambert Joshua T. , Wahlers Danielle , Hart William
Published: February 2024

The “bad-begets-bad” phenomenon describes how witnessed or perceived misconduct in an organization promotes mental states and behavior that encourage further misconduct. Based in two perspectives on how the Dark Triad (DT) constructs (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) differentiate, we proposed their roles in contributing to the bad-begets-bad phenomenon. A convenience sample of college students ( N = 454) completed an online study in which they read vignettes depicting workplace misconduct wherein a reporting incentive was (incentive condition) or was not (no-incentive condition) offered. Subsequently, they reported their likelihood of possessing mental states (e.g., goals) and engaging in behavior broadly reflective of the bad-begets-bad phenomenon. Lastly, they completed the Short Dark Triad (SD3) questionnaire to assess narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. We used a series of step-wise regression models to analyze the data. Consistent with the “malicious two” perspective on the DT, only Machiavellianism and psychopathy consistently predicted mental states and behavior reflective of the bad-begets-bad phenomenon. Also, consistent with the “cautious and adaptable Machiavellian perspective,” only Machiavellianism interacted with the incentive condition to influence people’s willingness to report misconduct (i.e., not further promote misconduct). Broadly, the data contribute to understanding the role of the DT in organizational settings and support two perspectives on how the DT should operate in the context of witnessing workplace misconduct.
A puzzling case report of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor mixed with gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type associated with autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhou Weixun , Li Jingnan , Wen Wenlong , Liang Zhiyong , Huo Zhen
Published: February 2024

Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG) is a rare gastric neoplasm. We present a unique case of multiple GA-FG that coexisted with the well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in a patient with autoimmune gastritis. To our knowledge, this is the first documented instance of such a co-occurrence and the molecular mechanism of their origin has been reviewed systematically. A 47-year-old male presented to our hospital with abdominal distension for over 10 years. Gastroscopy revealed multiple gastric eminence lesions (0.2–1.5 cm). After endoscopic mucosal resection, the pathological morphology showed mixed tumor components infiltrating into the submucosa with puzzling similarity. One with uniform-sized tumor cells arranged in nests or tubes and the other a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with irregular branching and visible gland fusion. Immunohistochemistry findings revealed the first component expressed typical markers of neuroendocrine tumor, whereas the second component expressed pepsinogen and mucin-6, indicating the presence of oxyntic gland adenocarcinoma. Due to the tumors’ proximity to the surgical margins, the patient underwent laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy three months after the diagnosis without any tumor residue and showed no recurrence or metastasis occurred in the following regular checkups.
Neighbourhood structure and environmental quality: A fine-grained analysis of spatial inequalities in urban Germany
Authors: König Christian
Published: February 2024

Urban environments are characterised by sparsity of space, elevated levels of air pollution and limited exposure to natural environments. Yet, residential environmental quality varies substantially both between and within cities. This study combines information on the socio-economic and demographic composition of 243,607 urban neighbourhoods with administrative and remote sensing data on the spatial distribution of industrial plants and urban green space to investigate patterns of environmental inequality in urban Germany at unprecedented levels of spatial granularity. It disentangles neighbourhood disadvantages experienced by foreign minorities (non-nationals) from those experienced by low-income households in order to assess the plausibility of economic explanations of residential sorting. The high level of spatial granularity makes it possible to examine patterns of environmental inequality not only between the relatively large areas that have been used as units of analysis in previous work but also within them, while reducing the threat of ecological bias. Results indicate that non-nationals are more likely to be exposed to industrial air pollution and less likely to live close to green spaces. This association holds even after adjusting for neighbourhood income composition and in fixed-effects specifications that restrict the analysis to within-city variation. I find no evidence for environmental inequality by socio-economic status. Exploratory sub-sample analyses show that neighbourhood disadvantages for non-nationals are higher in cities characterised by high levels of anti-foreigner sentiment, pointing towards housing market discrimination as a potentially important driver of foreign residents’ neighbourhood disadvantage.
Those who leave: Out-migration and decentralisation of welfare beneficiaries in gentrified Paris
Authors: Guibard Luc , Le Goix Renaud
Published: February 2024

In major metropolitan areas, gentrification, financialisation and welfare retrenchment contribute to a severe housing crisis. Over the past 20 years, home price inflation and affordable housing shrinkage have been particularly acute in Paris. Such issues have been linked to the displacement of lower-income Parisians and the suburbanisation of poverty on a regional scale. In this article, we match disaggregated data from the Family Benefits Fund (CAF) with information on local housing markets, to empirically document these expulsionary processes. Our methodology is twofold. First, we investigate out-migration factors using logistic regressions. Second, we compare households’ changes in access to the city centre and urban resources following a move. Data show that social vulnerability is associated with a greater risk of leaving Paris and that housing welfare is playing a crucial role in mitigating this risk. Also, the higher the pressure on local housing markets, the more social inequalities determine mobility behaviour. Finally, beyond the effects of family structure, patterns of decentralisation are related to income level: less affluent households go farther from the city centre, job opportunities and services than higher-income households.
The perceived influences and reasons Buddhist background believers in Nongkhai, Northeast Thailand converted to Christianity
Authors: Puipim Chatchai , Hilderbrand Kelly Michael
Published: February 2024

This article presents the results of a study on the self-perceived reasons Thai Buddhist background believers in Nongkhai, Northeast Thailand converted to Christianity. The central question of this qualitative grounded-theory study was what do Thai-Buddhist background believers in this area perceive as factors or influences that led them to become Christian? Other studies have focused on Thai Buddhist background believers in general, but this study focused on the unique situation of Isaan or Northeastern Thai living in Nongkhai. This study identified three factors that Thai Nongkhai Buddhist background believers expressed as influences and factors in their Christian conversion. First, participants experienced a mild to severe crisis. Second, participants were attracted to the character of Christians or the Christian lifestyle, and third, the participants perceived a supernatural encounter with God. The significant component in most accounts was the testimony that participants had a supernatural encounter that influenced the convert’s decision to become Christian.