bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Zoledronic Acid and Integrated Orthopedic and Fracture Liaison Services Improve Osteoporosis Treatment Rates
Authors: Fan WuQiang , Machado Melissa , Leder Benjamin Z , Beyer Lisa , Garcia Esteban Franco , Kronenberg Henry M , Cevallos Smriti , Espinoza Josue , Finkelstein Joel S , Bolster Marcy B
Published: September 2022

Context

Fragility fractures increase risks for future fractures, morbidity, and mortality. Available pharmacotherapy for underlying osteoporosis is safe and effective but underused.

Objective

To improve pharmacotherapy rate representing secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures.

Methods

This single-center, observational, follow-up study included patients with fragility fractures admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital between February 2016 and December 2019. For patients admitted to the orthopedics service with fragility fracture, the Massachusetts General Hospital Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) was systematically consulted. Initial outpatient follow-up with FLS was established in conjunction with the orthopedic postoperative follow-up visit. Patients at risk for failing timely outpatient follow-up were administered zoledronic acid (ZA) during the index fracture hospitalization. The main outcome measures were percentage of patients with fragility fracture(s) started on pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis and average length of stay and 30-day readmission rate of patients treated with ZA.

Results

Compared with baseline (8-11%) and reference (5-20%) rates, integration of FLS to the orthopedics service, along with appropriate inpatient administration of ZA, increased the pharmacotherapy rate to 70% (412/589) among eligible patients with verified treatment status. Inpatient ZA administration neither affected the average length of stay nor 30-day readmission rate. Treatment status of 37.9% (471/1240) of the study patients remained unknown due to lack of or unknown follow-up.

Conclusion

Integration of a FLS and orthopedics services along with inpatient ZA administration improved the osteoporosis pharmacotherapy rate among patients with fragility fracture(s) who often had obstacles for outpatient follow-up.
Exocrine and Endocrine Inflammation Increases Cellular Replication in the Pancreatic Duct Compartment in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kulkarni Shweta , Posgai Amanda L , Kusmartseva Irina , Wasserfall Clive H , Atkinson Mark A , Butler Alexandra E
Published: September 2022

Context

We recently demonstrated increased cellular proliferation in the pancreatic ductal gland (PDG) compartment of organ donors with type 1 diabetes, suggesting that PDGs may harbor progenitor cells capable of pancreatic regeneration.

Objective

We evaluated the impact of diabetes and pancreatic inflammation on PDG and interlobular duct (ILD) cellular proliferation and profiles.

Methods

Endocrine hormone expression (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide) and proliferating Ki67+ cells were localized within the PDG and ILD compartments by multicolor immunohistochemistry in cross-sections from the head, body, and tail regions of pancreata from those with (n = 31) or without type 1 diabetes (n = 43). Whole-slide scanned images were analyzed using digital pathology.

Results

Type 1 diabetes donors with insulitis or histologically identified pancreatitis had increased cellular replication in the ILD and PDG compartments. Interestingly, while cellular proliferation within the pancreatic ductal tree was significantly increased in type 1 diabetes (PDG mean = 3.36%, SEM = 1.06; ILD mean = 2.78%, SEM = 0.97) vs nondiabetes(ND) subjects without pancreatic inflammation (PDG mean = 1.18%, SEM = 0.42; ILD mean = 0.74%, SEM = 0.15, P < 0.05), robust replication was also observed in ND donors with pancreatitis (PDG mean = 3.52%, SEM = 1.33; ILD mean = 2.18%, SEM = 0.54, P < 0.05). Few polyhormonal cells were present in the ILD (type 1 diabetes = 0.04 ± 0.02%; ND = 0.08 ± 0.03%, P = 0.40) or PDG compartment (type 1 diabetes = 0.02 ± 0.01%; ND = 0.08 ± 0.13%, P = 0.63).

Conclusion

These data suggest that increased pancreatic ductal cell replication is associated with sustained pancreatic inflammation; however, as replicating cells were hormone-negative, PDGs do not appear to represent a compelling endogenous source of hormone-positive endocrine cells.
Visual Analytics to Leverage Anesthesia Electronic Health Record
Authors: Kahn Ronald A. , Gal Jonathan S. , Hofer Ira S. , Wax David B. , Villar Joshua I. , Levin Mathew A.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces called dashboards. In this report, we describe our experience addressing the challenges in visual analytics of anesthesia electronic health record (EHR) data using a commercially available business intelligence (BI) platform. As a primary outcome, we discuss some performance metrics of the dashboards, and as a secondary outcome, we outline some operational enhancements and financial savings associated with deploying the dashboards.

METHODS:

Data were transferred from the EHR to our departmental servers using several parallel processes. A custom structured query language (SQL) query was written to extract the relevant data fields and to clean the data. Tableau was used to design multiple dashboards for clinical operation, performance improvement, and business management.

RESULTS:

Before deployment of the dashboards, detailed case counts and attributions were available for the operating rooms (ORs) from perioperative services; however, the same level of detail was not available for non-OR locations. Deployment of the yearly case count dashboards provided near-real–time case count information from both central and non-OR locations among multiple campuses, which was not previously available. The visual presentation of monthly data for each year allowed us to recognize seasonality in case volumes and adjust our supply chain to prevent shortages. The dashboards highlighted the systemwide volume of cases in our endoscopy suites, which allowed us to target these supplies for pricing negotiations, with an estimated annual cost savings of $250,000. Our central venous pressure (CVP) dashboard enabled us to provide individual practitioner feedback, thus increasing our monthly CVP checklist compliance from approximately 92% to 99%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The customization and visualization of EHR data are both possible and worthwhile for the leveraging of information into easily comprehensible and actionable data for the improvement of health care provision and practice management. Limitations inherent to EHR data presentation make this customization necessary, and continued open access to the underlying data set is essential.
Extreme Heat, Birth Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Heterogeneity
Authors: Conte Keivabu Risto , Cozzani Marco
Published: September 2022

We investigate the effect of extreme heat on birth outcomes and how this effect may vary by family socioeconomic status (SES). We create a detailed data set by linking individual-level data on approximately 4 million newborns in Spanish provincial capitals between 1990 and 2016 with precise meteorological data on the temperatures children experienced throughout their gestation. The outcomes are preterm birth, low birth weight, and very low birth weight. Socioeconomic status is assessed using parents' highest occupational level. We find that the incidence of negative birth outcomes increased for children exposed to extreme heat in early gestation. Further, the effect is concentrated mostly among children from a low socioeconomic background. Given the importance of birth outcomes for the next generation's well-being, our results highlight the potential contributions of extreme temperatures to the widening of preexisting socioeconomic inequalities. The forecasted increase in extreme climatic events makes the results of this study concerning, especially for low-SES children.
Prospects of Nanoproteomics for Plant-Based Foods
Authors: Shukla Ravi , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Rakwal Randeep
Published: September 2022

Food contributes substantially to the physical wellbeing of mankind and plays a pivotal role in the global economy. Food choices from plants have dominated ever since we evolved, and plant-based foods and beverages have been a critical contributor to the health, life, and happiness of our society. However, our rapidly growing population necessitates ensuring food security for every human being on the planet. Food security in its strict sense implies the availability of a sufficient amount of quality food to every individual to meet his or her dietary needs and to lead an active healthy life. There has been an increased focus in recent years on assurance of food quality and safety encompassing scrutiny of food for its composition, traceability, adulteration, and contamination. In fact, food safety and security have become a founding principle for two of the sustainable development goals (SDG) for the 2030 global agenda of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Therefore, the mandate of food security and safety necessitates that the quantity and quality of plant-based, healthy food be improved and rigorously analysed. The traditional methods to address food quality mainly rely on appearance, freshness, source, sanitation, microbial counts, and biochemical parameters for the composition (lipid, carbohydrate, protein, or vitamin content), etc. Recently, traceability in food production and distribution has gained considerable importance drawing significant public attention and awareness due to the accidental or deliberate food adulteration malpractices, and the controversies related to genetically modified (GM) crops in foods.
Assessment and Comparison of Nutritional Properties of Jackfruit Seed Powder with Rice, Wheat, Barley, and Maize Flour
Authors: Arefin Paroma , Ahmed Salma , Habib Md Shehan , Sadiq Zafar As , Boby Farhana , Dey Subarna Sandhani , Md Abdurrahim Md Abdurrahim , Ashraf Tanki , Arefin Aishwarya , Islam Shirmin , Arefin Md Saidul , Miah Md. Abdus Satter , Md Ibrahim Md Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is widely known as a nutritious fruit. They grow mostly in Brazil and some other parts of Africa and South Asian countries. Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh, and it grows copiously in the Northern part of the country. Jackfruit seed powder has been researched and used as a functional food in different food products. This work investigated some physicochemical properties and nutritional parameters of five types of grain flours collected from the northern region of Bangladesh. The grain flours are jackfruit seed powder (with spermoderm), rice powder, barley powder, wheat flour powder, and maize powder. In this study, we have observed that jackfruit seed powder is highly nutritious. So, it can also be said from the study that jackfruit seed powder from Bangladesh has a high nutritional value when compared to other flours. It can be used alone or along with these flours in different food products. Therefore, in the era of ensuring sustainable development and meeting challenges of nutrition security, jackfruit seed powder can be an appropriate choice to reduce postharvest loss and produce value-added products.
Effect of Sterility Values and Retort Temperatures on the Antioxidant Activities, Soluble Protein, and PH of Canned Mushroom
Authors: Pursito Didik Joko , Purnomo Eko Hari , Fardiaz Dedi , Hariyadi Purwiyatno
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to study the effect of sterility values on antioxidant activity, soluble protein, and pH of canned Agaricus bisporus mushrooms processed at various retort temperatures (115, 121, and 130 °C) and processing times (2-97 minutes). The canning process was carried out by following commercial production procedures in one of the mushroom canning industries. Measurement of heat penetration into the product was carried out using a standard protocol. The sterility values (F0-value) were calculated using the General Method. Our results indicate that antioxidant activity, soluble protein contents, and pH of canned mushrooms are not only affected by sterility value but also by the combination of temperature and time used to process the product. At the same F0-value of 10 minutes, retorting of A. bisporus mushroom at a higher retort temperature (130 °C) resulted in higher antioxidant activity (RSA 73.73%) and soluble protein contents (24.1 mg/g), but resulted in lower pH-value as of (5.5±0.04 in drained liquid and 6.52±0.21 in drained solid) than other retort temperature of 115 and 121 °C. Since retort temperature is crucial parameters of chemical quality of product attributes in the canning industry, the selection of higher temperatures and shorter time of retorting will have a positive impact on quality parameter such as antioxidant activity and total soluble protein.
Women’s Empowerment and Sociodemographic Characteristics as Determinant of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice in Indonesia
Authors: Marah Has Eka Mishbahatul , Efendi Ferry , Wahyuni Sylvia Dwi , Mahmudah Ika Zulkafika , Chotimah Kusnul
Published: September 2022

Proper infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential to promote child's optimum health and improve their survival. Women's empowerment is believed can mediate intra-household resources towards optimal IYCF practice. However, the evidence is limited in South-East Asia. This study was aimed to determine the association of women's empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics with IYCF practice in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. Samples were 4,923 women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) whose last child was aged 6-23 months old. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association of women's empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics with IYCF practice. Child's age 18-23 months old (AOR=6.58; 95% CI=5.121-8.456), husband's occupation in non-agricultural sector (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.17-4.07), the richest household (AOR=2.83; 95% CI=2.007-4.002), and high level of women's empowerment (AOR=1.311; 95% CI=1.085-1.584), significantly associated with Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD). Living in urban residence is significantly associated with Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI=1.026-1.481). Child's age 18-23 months old (AOR=2.31; 95% CI=1.916-2.785), living in the richest household (AOR=1.46; 95% CI=1.121-1.905), in urban residence (AOR=1.224; 95% CI=1.033-1.451), and high level of women's empowerment (AOR=1.27; 95% CI=1.093-1.488), significantly associated with Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). While women aged 45-49 years had significant negative association with MAD (AOR=0.342; 95% CI=0.141-0.833; coef. =-1.072). It can be concluded that women empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with IYCF practice. Therefore, enhancing women's Empowerment through health promotion is inevitable, considering their sociodemographic background.
A Review of Food-Based Intervention Strategies for Improving Micronutrient Status and Health During Childhood
Authors: Chiplonkar Shashi , Kajale Neha Avinash , Sanwalka Neha
Published: September 2022

Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those of iron, vitamin A, zinc and iodine are most common around the world, particularly in children and adolescents. These deficiencies can be prevented through nutrition education and consumption of a healthy diet containing diverse foods, as well as food fortification and supplementation. Available evidence has suggested that instead of synthetic supplements, dietary diversification and modification by including micronutrient-rich foods with appropriate food preparation methods to increase bioavailability, is an effective strategy to treat deficiency state. Therefore, a literature search was conducted for studies i) developing nutritious food products and ii) evaluating food intervention effects. Twelve studies described formulation of snacks/recipes using micronutrient-rich foods and proper cooking methods to enhance bioavailability. Twenty-four food-based intervention trials in children (6 months–16 years) reported increase in micronutrient intakes. Of these, 4 studies reported improvements in all growth parameters except one study showing no improvement in height z scores, 6 studies observed positive changes in bone and muscle development, whereas one study found no effect of dairy intervention on bone mass accrual, 6 studies noted increases in biochemical parameters and/or decrease in infections, whereas two showed no change in serum levels, 4 studies noticed improved cognitive/scholastic performance. Thus, available literature indicates that supplementing snacks or small meals with high bioavailable micronutrient contents significantly increases micronutrient intake and help improving growth and development of children. Further research is warranted to devise food-based strategies for improving micronutrient quality of diets to lower the associated health risks.
Pangasius Hypophthalmus Viscera as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Cross-Contamination and Resistance of Escherichia coli to Antibiotics
Authors: Anh Ngoc Tong Thi , Cam Tu Nguyen , Trang Phan Nguyen , Doan Duy Le Nguyen , Cong Ha Nguyen , Miyamoto Takahisa
Published: September 2022

The viscera of Pangasius fish was studied to provide baseline information about the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on it. This aimed to assess the possible resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics and cross-contamination into the fish's muscles during processing, as well as to evaluate the effect of starvation on the microbial loads of Pangasius fish viscera. The resistance of E. coli was tested against 15 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. The findings revealed that starvation reduced microbial loads on the viscera compared to non-starvation Pangasius. LAB, coliforms, and E. coli count on viscera of non-starved Pangasius were 7.0±0.5, 5.5±0.9 and 5.4±1.0 log CFU g-1, whereas those of the starved fish were 2.6±0.8, 3.8±0.4 and 3.1±0.3 log CFU g-1, respectively. A total of 55 E. coli isolated from Pangasius viscera were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility as stated above. Surprisingly, 69.09% of E. coli isolates were multi-antibiotic resistant from three to fifteen antibiotics tested. A high level of resistance to ampicillin (63.64%), ceftazidime (69.09%), nalidixic acid (78.18%) was observed. More importantly, 9.09% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to all kinds of antibiotics tested. As E. coli is a potential vector for transfer of antibiotic resistance gene, causing cross-resistance with human enteric pathogens, there is a need for both the prudent use of these antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and stringent appropriate infection control in the processing chain in Vietnam.
In Vivo Immune Study of Achillea Fragrantissima Extract Versus Echinaid and Endoxan in Wistar Rats
Authors: Alhomaid Raghad Mohammad , Alharbi Yousef Mesfer , Algheshairy Reham Mohammad , Almujaydil Mona Sulaiman , Alharbi Hend Faisal , Ali Ali Hoda
Published: September 2022

Immunity is a major concept in human nutrition. Immunocompromised individuals are at risk for serious infection as COVID-19 which is directed the researchers to use the immunomodulatory plants for prophylaxis. This study was designed to assess the immune response of Wistar rats administrated Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) extract versus Endoxan (immunosuppressive) and Echinaid (immune stimulating). Fifty rats were assigned into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) injected intraperitoneal (i/p) with Endoxan 90 mg/kg for three successive days, (3) injected with Endoxan as (2) and administrated with Echinaid 300 mg/kg/day. (4,5) injected with Endoxan as (2) and administrated with 300 and 500 mg/kg/day A. fragrantissima extract respectively. On day 17 all groups were challenged with two doses of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) i/p, 2 weeks intervals. A high dose of A. fragrantissima extract achieved an increase in total antioxidant capacity significantly(P<0.05), superoxide dismutase, and a decrease in malondialdehyde. Catalase exerted a significant increase with a low dose of A. fragrantissima whereas a high dose had a mild effect. Echinaid and A. fragrantissima raised IgM for the first dose of SRBC and Igs and IgG for the second dose significantly (P<0.05). A. fragrantissima administration ameliorates cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4) and modulated IL-10 significantly (P<0.05). A high dose of A. fragrantissima extract exerted a significant reduction in splenic non-cellular viability% and the highest score of the microscopic immune reaction (immunostimulation++++). Splenic histopathology confirmed the present results. The current study highlights that a high dose of A. fragrantissima extract is preferred over a low dose to restore immune responses in vivo.
Shelf-Life Extension of Spring Roll Wrappers using Acidification Combined with Sodium Benzoate Addition
Authors: Suwannaphan Sunisa , Klangmuang Ploy
Published: September 2022

At ambient temperature, spring roll wrappers used for roti saimai are highly perishable. Adding organic acids such as 0-0.6% citric acid or vinegar (acetic acid) was evaluated for wrapper pH and sensory acceptability. The Addition of 0.4% citric acid or 0.5% vinegar to spring roll wrappers reduced pH below 4.5 and proved acceptable for panelists. Spring roll wrappers treated with 0.4% citric acid or 0.5% vinegar with/without 0.06% sodium benzoate were packed in two bag types (polypropylene; PP and nylon-linear low density polyethylene; nylon-LLDPE) and stored at ambient and refrigerated temperatures to investigate microbial loads. Vinegar had a greater antimicrobial effect than citric acid, while microbial reduction efficacy increased through the synergistic effects of vinegar and sodium benzoate. Spring roll wrappers treated with 0.5% vinegar with/without 0.06% sodium benzoate were selected to assess changes in quality and shelf-life. Results showed no significant differences in thickness and water activity (aw) values among all conditions. Nylon-LLDPE bags maintained spring roll wrapper moisture content better than PP bags but spring roll wrappers packed in nylon-LLDPE cracked more rapidly than those packed in PP bags during storage at refrigerated temperature. Sodium benzoate also decreased spring roll wrapper springiness. Spring roll wrappers treated with 0.5% vinegar and 0.06% sodium benzoate proved an optimal when packed in PP and nylon-LLDPE bags after storage at refrigerated and ambient temperatures, with shelf-lives of 7 and 13 days respectively.
Nutritional Assessment and Clinical Determinants in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant
Authors: Beevi S S Safeena , Pottakkat Biju
Published: September 2022

Background: Malnutrition is a usual problem in liver cirrhosis patients, progressing with advancement of disease. Protein-calorie malnutrition is related with illness and death, and the value of nutritional status assessment tools for malnutrition is debated. We conducted this study to monitor undernutrition assessment among cirrhotics using subjective global assessment (SGA) and standard anthropometric parameters and to observe the association of different clinical characteristics with SGA score and Child-Pugh classification. Methods: Patients enrolled were end-stage liver disease (ESLD) patients and obtained informed consent. The nutritional screening was performed using the SGA and standard anthropometry along with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skin fold thickness (TST), and hand grip strength (HGS). Results: 141 ESLD patients awaiting liver transplant (LT) were enrolled in the study and among them, 113 (80.1%) were males and 28 (19.9%) females. Patient’s average age at presentation was 49.5 years. Alcoholism was the major etiological factor (51.1%) and its median duration was 10 years. The liver disease severity as per Child-Pugh classification was as follows: the majority, 66 (46.8%), were in Child-Pugh category B, and 27 (19.1%) were in Child-Pugh category C. The comparison of nutritional parameters with the Child-Pugh classification showed a statistical significance (P<0.05) with BMI (body mass index) and MAMC between the Child-Pugh categories. The comparison of SGA nutrition scores shows that it does not significantly differ on average between gender, Child-Pugh classification, aetiologies, co-morbidity, oedema, and ascites status. The nutritional score was further categorized as normal, moderately malnourished, and severely malnourished based on the SGA score, and it shows that the nutritional level is significantly correlated with Child-Pugh classification and co-morbidity. The level of liver function parameters was not correlated with the level of different nutritional parameters. Conclusion: SGA and HGS can be used as an easy and economical tool for evaluating the level of nutrition among cirrhotics and can be consistently used in liver clinics for malnutrition screening, and one can plan for nutrition education and counselling. Nutritional level monitoring is challenging in patients with ESLD due to fluid retention, and SGA will be a better nutritional screening tool for nutritional assessment./p>
Isothiocyanates – A Review of their Health Benefits and Potential Food Applications
Authors: Yadav Komal , Dhankhar Jyotika , Kundu Preeti
Published: September 2022

Isothiocyanates are the highly reactive organo-sulphur phytochemicals and are product of hydrolysis of glucosinolates which are present mainly in the cruciferous vegetables. These compounds due to their unique chemical reactivity possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Epidemiological and experimental evidences suggest that isothiocyanates reduce oxidative stress and act as indirect antioxidants as well as antimicrobials, therefore, have received attention from the researchers for their possible application in pharmacological and food industry. However, due to high volatility and heat sensitivity of these bioactive compounds, their extraction is very challenging and requires the application of various innovative technologies. In addition to that, their fate during the processing conditions also needs to be considered as these processes tend to affect their bioavailability. Isothiocyanates exhibit wide range of antimicrobial activity due to their ability of reducing oxygen consumption and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane in bacterial cells. They are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds and hence are allowed to be added to the food as preservatives. Due to their antimicrobial properties, isothiocyanates incorporated food packaging films have become popular in the last decade. They are known to act as substrates to activate lactoperoxidases (LPO) for extension of shelf life of dairy products due to its bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties. This review addresses the detailed evidences supporting the biological activities, bioavailability and stability, methods of extraction, and explanation for their taste perception, as well as utilization of these isothiocyanates in food packaging as natural antimicrobials or natural preservatives to improve shelf life of foodstuffs.
Dangerously Sodium Overload or Mere Over-Claiming Health Issue? A Case of Malaysia’s Tasty Snack Papadum
Authors: Zubairi Saiful Irwan , Kasim Zalifah Mohd , Mohd Zin Zafirah Husna , Yee Boey Suet , Nurzahim Zainun
Published: September 2022

Papadum is one of the delicious and favourite snacks in Malaysia. In 2018, The Consumers Association of Penang (CAP) claim that it has high sodium content. Therefore, this research was performed to verify the claim. A total of six different papadum brands were fried and analyse for sodium concentration and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value. Based on the results, The TDS also showed insignificant difference (p > 0.05) at both 0.02 g/mL and 0.01 g/mL for all brands with the range value of 1785.33 ± 15.20 to 1315.33 ± 15.60 ppm and 1232.33 ± 0.00 to 873.67 ± 0.00 ppm, respectively. The 0.1 g/mL papadum solution was considered undetectable due to analyser sensitivity limitation. Next, the sodium concentration for all brand ranged from 1120.83 - 1874.18 mg/100 g (4 samples) which was within the daily intake limit of sodium at not more than 2,000 mg per day, as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, its sodium content is considered quite high as most consumer might consume other type of food. Papadum 1 and papadum 3 were significantly difference (p < 0.05) with other types of papadum. Based on the Pearson correlation test, different papadum brands exhibited irrelevant correlation (r = 0.033) with sodium concentration and TDS. In contrast, there was a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.926) between sodium concentration with TDS as the concentration of the papadum solution increased. In conclusion, this study agreed that papadum contains a significant amount of sodium that could affect human health when taken in a large amount daily.
The Association of Cholesterol Transport ABCG1 Polymorphism towards the Susceptibility of Metabolic Syndrome risk factor in Thai Adolescents
Authors: G.B. Sidabutar Lisandra Maria , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , On-Nom Nattira , Luealai Phennapha , Khemthong Chanakan , Chupeerach Chaowanee
Published: September 2022

Asian countries now suffers from a double burden issue that involves metabolic syndrome (MetS) even in the adolescent age. Many factors have been considered to explain this situation including genetic variation contribution to the susceptibility of said metabolic syndrome. ATP-Binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) is known in its role in cholesterol efflux that is strongly related in lipid accumulation and insulin performance. In addition to this gene modulation work in reverse cholesterol transport that is also connected with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. However, the effect of polymorphism in rs1044317 remains unclear. A total of 434 subjects in adolescent age were genotyped for ABCG1 rs1044317 by restricted fragmented length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction method. All the anthropometric and laboratory date was extracted by an approved protocol. The correlation of each variables was detected using SPSS ver.21. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the ABCG1 polymorphism were similar in both sexes. A significant correlation detected between adjusted males’ group with an increased level of interleukin-6 in wide genotype and an increased fasting blood sugar level in adjusted females’ group in variant genotype. The existence of rs1044317 ABCG1 SNP affected the susceptibility of specific criteria of MetS in Thai adolescence population. Additionally, there is a gender difference in the incidence of MetS, indicating a possible gene–gender interaction of the ABCG1 polymorphism in MetS among Thai adolescents.
Features of the Organization of Accounting in Ukraine in Modern Business Conditions
Authors:   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Simakov K. , Simakovа О. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of accounting in Ukraine at the present stage of socio-economic development. Based on the generalization of trends in the development of the domestic accounting system, the characteristics of current approaches to the organization of accounting procedures are outlined. The peculiarities of the transformation of the accounting system under the influence of globalization processes, in particular in the conditions of realization of Ukraine 's European integration aspirations, are analyzed. The advantages of applying IFRS in the context of standardization of the domestic accounting model to the requirements of the global economic space are revealed. It is proved that further development of accounting in Ukraine should be carried out in the direction of adaptation of foreign, in particular European models of organization of accounting procedures to the requirements of the domestic business environment. In turn, the use of the existing socio-economic and financial potential of the country will help streamline accounting processes and increase their effectiveness.
Septic arthritis in an in vivo murine model induced by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Clement Rhys G. E. , Hall Andrew C. , Wong Seng J. , Howie Sarah E. M. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W.
Published: September 2022

Aims

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of septic arthritis, and in vitro studies suggest α haemolysin (Hla) is responsible for chondrocyte death. We used an in vivo murine joint model to compare inoculation with wild type S. aureus 8325-4 with a Hla-deficient strain DU1090 on chondrocyte viability, tissue histology, and joint biomechanics. The aim was to compare the actions of S. aureus Hla alone with those of the animal’s immune response to infection.

Methods

Adult male C57Bl/6 mice (n = 75) were randomized into three groups to receive 1.0 to 1.4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml of 8325-4, DU1090, or saline into the right stifle joint. Chondrocyte death was assessed by confocal microscopy. Histological changes to inoculated joints were graded for inflammatory responses along with gait, weight changes, and limb swelling.

Results

Chondrocyte death was greater with 8325-4 (96.2% (SD 5.5%); p < 0.001) than DU1090 (28.9% (SD 16.0%); p = 0.009) and both were higher than controls (3.8% (SD 1.2%)). Histology revealed cartilage/bone damage with 8325-4 or DU1090 compared to controls (p = 0.010). Both infected groups lost weight (p = 0.006 for both) and experienced limb swelling (p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). Joints inoculated with bacteria showed significant alterations in gait cycle with a decreased stance phase, increased swing phase, and a corresponding decrease in swing speed.

Conclusion

Murine joints inoculated with Hla-producing 8325-4 experienced significantly more chondrocyte death than those with DU1090, which lack the toxin. This was despite similar immune responses, indicating that Hla was the major cause of chondrocyte death. Hla-deficient DU1090 also elevated chondrocyte death compared to controls, suggesting a smaller additional deleterious role of the immune system on cartilage. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):669–678.
High-efficiency and robust binary fringe optimization for superfast 3D shape measurement
Authors: Zhu Sijie , Cao Yiping , Zhang Qican , Wang Yajun
Published: September 2022

By utilizing 1-bit binary fringe patterns instead of conventional 8-bit sinusoidal patterns, binary defocusing techniques have been successfully applied for high-speed 3D shape measurement. However, simultaneously achieving high accuracy and high speed remains challenging. To overcome this limitation, we propose a high-efficiency and robust binary fringe optimization method for superfast 3D shape measurement, which consists of 1D optimization and 2D modulation. Specifically, for 1D optimization, the three-level OPWM technique is introduced for high-order harmonics elimination, and an optimization framework is presented for generating the ‘best’ three-level OPWM pattern especially for large fringe periods. For 2D modulation, a single-pattern three-level OPWM strategy is proposed by utilizing all the dimensions for intensity modulation to decrease the required projection patterns. Thus, the proposed method essentially belongs to the 2D modulation technique, yet iterative optimization is carried out along one dimension, which drastically improves the computational efficiency while ensuring high accuracy. With only one set of optimized patterns, both simulations and experiments demonstrate that high-quality phase maps can be consistently generated for a wide range of fringe periods (e.g., from 18 to 1140 pixels) and different amounts of defocusing, and it can achieve superfast and high-accuracy 3D shape measurement.
Sensitivity enhancement of far-detuned RF field sensing based on Rydberg atoms dressed by a near-resonant RF field
Authors: Yao Jiawei , An Qiang , Zhou Yanli , Yang Kai , Wu Fengchuan , Fu Yunqi
Published: September 2022

Rydberg-atom electrometers promise traceable standards for RF electrometry by enabling stable and uniform measurement. In this Letter, we propose an approach to increase the sensitivity of the Rydberg-atom electrometer for far-detuned RF field sensing. The key physical mechanism is the addition of a new ingredient—a local RF field near-resonant with a Rydberg transition—so that the far-detuned field can be detected by the shift of an Autler–Townes (AT) splitting peak, which can be dozens of times larger than the AC Stark shift of the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) signal without the near-resonant field. The method enables us to measure far-detuned fields with higher sensitivities, including sub-GHz RF fields (even DC electric fields) which are rarely involved in the existing sensitivity enhancement methods.
Coherent coupling of metamaterial resonators with dipole transitions of boron acceptors in Si
Authors: Meng Fanqi , Han Feifan , Kentsch Ulrich , Pashkin Alexej , Fowley Ciaran , Rebohle Lars , Thomson Mark D. , Suzuki Safumi , Asada Masahiro , Roskos Hartmut G.
Published: September 2022

We investigate the coherent coupling of metamaterial resonators with hydrogen-like boron acceptors in Si at cryogenic temperatures. When the resonance frequency of the metamaterial, chosen to be in the range 7–9 THz, superimposes the transition frequency from the ground state of the acceptor to an excited state, Rabi splitting as large as 0.4 THz is observed. The coherent coupling shows a feature of cooperative interaction, where the Rabi splitting is proportional to the square root of the density of the acceptors. Our experiments may help to open a possible route for the investigation of quantum information processes employing strong coupling of dopants in cavities.
Confined-doped active fiber enabled all-fiber high-power single-frequency laser
Authors: Li Wei , Yan Zhiping , Ren Shuai , Deng Yu , Chen Yisha , Ma Pengfei , Liu Wei , Huang Liangjin , Pan Zhiyong , Zhou Pu , Si Lei
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate the performances of an in-house fabricated confined-doped active fiber in the applications of all-fiber high-power single-frequency amplifiers. A 210-W single-frequency single-mode fiber laser is obtained directly, which confirms the excellent performance of the confined-doped active fiber for high-power single-mode operation. To further demonstrate the power scalability of the fiber amplifier, the strategy of applying a temperature gradient along the active fiber is investigated numerically and experimentally, and an up to ∼75% enhancement of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold is achieved. As a result, a 368-W single-frequency fiber laser is obtained with the beam quality factor of M
x
2 = 1.19, M
y
2 = 1.26. Overall, the technique of the confined-doped active fiber provides a promising approach to scale the output power of single-frequency single-mode fiber lasers.
Efficient and tunable photoluminescence for terbium-doped rare-earth-based Cs2NaYCl6 double perovskite
Authors: Liang Hao , Yang Gang , Bai Songchao , Li Chao , Li Xueguo , Wang Yinhua , Huang Jinshu , Ji Jun , Zhu Yongsheng
Published: September 2022

Lead-free double perovskite materials with efficient and stable self-trapped exciton (STE) emissions show enormous potential for next-generation solid-state lighting. However, the low-emission efficiency and difficulty of spectral regulation are two major obstacles to their application. Here, all-inorganic rare-earth-based double perovskite Cs2NaYCl6 single crystals with strong blue emissions were reported as effective hosts to accommodate lanthanide ion doping. By controlling the introduction of Tb3 + ions and efficient energy transfer from the STEs to the dopants, the emission color of Cs2NaYCl6 single crystals was flexibly modulated from blue to green. The quantum yields were also significantly improved from 10% to 78.81% by optimizing the Tb3 + ion concentration. Further, stable light-emitting diode prototypes based on Cs2NaYCl6 color conversion materials were fabricated to demonstrate the practical applications of rare-earth-based double perovskite.
Attractive serial dependence overcomes repulsive neuronal adaptation
Authors: Sheehan Timothy C. , Serences John T.
Published: September 2022

Sensory responses and behavior are strongly shaped by stimulus history. For example, perceptual reports are sometimes biased toward previously viewed stimuli (serial dependence). While behavioral studies have pointed to both perceptual and postperceptual origins of this phenomenon, neural data that could elucidate where these biases emerge is limited. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses while human participants (male and female) performed a delayed orientation discrimination task. While behavioral reports were attracted to the previous stimulus, response patterns in visual cortex were repelled. We reconciled these opposing neural and behavioral biases using a model where both sensory encoding and readout are shaped by stimulus history. First, neural adaptation reduces redundancy at encoding and leads to the repulsive biases that we observed in visual cortex. Second, our modeling work suggest that serial dependence is induced by readout mechanisms that account for adaptation in visual cortex. According to this account, the visual system can simultaneously improve efficiency via adaptation while still optimizing behavior based on the temporal structure of natural stimuli.
A curated data resource of 214K metagenomes for characterization of the global antimicrobial resistome
Authors: Martiny Hannah-Marie , Munk Patrick , Brinch Christian , Aarestrup Frank M. , Petersen Thomas N.
Published: September 2022

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) calls for new epidemiological surveillance methods, as well as a deeper understanding of how antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been transmitted around the world. The large pool of sequencing data available in public repositories provides an excellent resource for monitoring the temporal and spatial dissemination of AMR in different ecological settings. However, only a limited number of research groups globally have the computational resources to analyze such data. We retrieved 442 Tbp of sequencing reads from 214,095 metagenomic samples from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and aligned them using a uniform approach against ARGs and 16S/18S rRNA genes. Here, we present the results of this extensive computational analysis and share the counts of reads aligned. Over 6.76∙108read fragments were assigned to ARGs and 3.21∙109to rRNA genes, where we observed distinct differences in both the abundance of ARGs and the link between microbiome and resistome compositions across various sampling types. This collection is another step towards establishing global surveillance of AMR and can serve as a resource for further research into the environmental spread and dynamic changes of ARGs.
A computational framework for modelling infectious disease policy based on age and household structure with applications to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hilton Joe , Riley Heather , Pellis Lorenzo , Aziza Rabia , Brand Samuel P. C. , K. Kombe Ivy , Ojal John , Parisi Andrea , Keeling Matt J. , Nokes D. James , Manson-Sawko Robert , House Thomas
Published: September 2022

The widespread, and in many countries unprecedented, use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mathematical models which can estimate the impact of these measures while accounting for the highly heterogeneous risk profile of COVID-19. Models accounting either for age structure or the household structure necessary to explicitly model many NPIs are commonly used in infectious disease modelling, but models incorporating both levels of structure present substantial computational and mathematical challenges due to their high dimensionality. Here we present a modelling framework for the spread of an epidemic that includes explicit representation of age structure and household structure. Our model is formulated in terms of tractable systems of ordinary differential equations for which we provide an open-source Python implementation. Such tractability leads to significant benefits for model calibration, exhaustive evaluation of possible parameter values, and interpretability of results. We demonstrate the flexibility of our model through four policy case studies, where we quantify the likely benefits of the following measures which were either considered or implemented in the UK during the current COVID-19 pandemic: control of within- and between-household mixing through NPIs; formation of support bubbles during lockdown periods; out-of-household isolation (OOHI); and temporary relaxation of NPIs during holiday periods. Our ordinary differential equation formulation and associated analysis demonstrate that multiple dimensions of risk stratification and social structure can be incorporated into infectious disease models without sacrificing mathematical tractability. This model and its software implementation expand the range of tools available to infectious disease policy analysts.
Privacy-aware multi-institutional time-to-event studies
Authors: Späth Julian , Matschinske Julian , Kamanu Frederick K. , Murphy Sabina A. , Zolotareva Olga , Bakhtiari Mohammad , Antman Elliott M. , Loscalzo Joseph , Brauneck Alissa , Schmalhorst Louisa , Buchholtz Gabriele , Baumbach Jan
Published: September 2022

Clinical time-to-event studies are dependent on large sample sizes, often not available at a single institution. However, this is countered by the fact that, particularly in the medical field, individual institutions are often legally unable to share their data, as medical data is subject to strong privacy protection due to its particular sensitivity. But the collection, and especially aggregation into centralized datasets, is also fraught with substantial legal risks and often outright unlawful. Existing solutions using federated learning have already demonstrated considerable potential as an alternative for central data collection. Unfortunately, current approaches are incomplete or not easily applicable in clinical studies owing to the complexity of federated infrastructures. This work presents privacy-aware and federated implementations of the most used time-to-event algorithms (survival curve, cumulative hazard rate, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model) in clinical trials, based on a hybrid approach of federated learning, additive secret sharing, and differential privacy. On several benchmark datasets, we show that all algorithms produce highly similar, or in some cases, even identical results compared to traditional centralized time-to-event algorithms. Furthermore, we were able to reproduce the results of a previous clinical time-to-event study in various federated scenarios. All algorithms are accessible through the intuitive web-appPartea(https://partea.zbh.uni-hamburg.de), offering a graphical user interface for clinicians and non-computational researchers without programming knowledge.Partearemoves the high infrastructural hurdles derived from existing federated learning approaches and removes the complexity of execution. Therefore, it is an easy-to-use alternative to central data collection, reducing bureaucratic efforts but also the legal risks associated with the processing of personal data to a minimum.