bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Asymptotic Properties of a Kernel Bispectum Estimate with Different Multitapers
Authors: El-Morshedy Mahmoud , Teamah Abd El-Moneim A. M. , El-Menshawy Mohammed H. , EL-Sagheer Rashad M. , Faied Hasnaa M. , Al-Bossly Afrah , Eliwa Mohamed S.
Published: September 2022

Assume X1,X2,…,XN are realizations of N observations from a real-valued discrete parameter third-order stationary process Xt,t=0±1,±2,…, with bispectrum fXXX(λ1,λ2) where “−π≤λ1,λ2≤π”. Based on the previous assumption, L different multitapered biperiodograms IXXX(mt)j(λ1,λ2);j=1,2,…,L on overlapped segments (Xt(j);1≤t<N) can be constructed. Further, the mean and variance of the average of these different multitapered biperiodograms can be expressed as asymptotic expressions. According to different bispectral windows/kernels (Wβ(j)(α1,α2), where “−π⩽α1,α2⩽π” andβ is the bandwidth) and IXXX(mt)j(λ1,λ2), the bispectrum fXXX(λ1,λ2) can be estimated. The asymptotic expressions of the first- and second-ordered moments as well as the integrated relative mean squared error (IMSE) of this estimate are derived. Finally, some estimation results based on numerically generated data from the selected process “DCGINAR(1)” are presented and discussed in detail.
Some New Mathematical Integral Inequalities Pertaining to Generalized Harmonic Convexity with Applications
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Sahoo Soubhagya Kumar , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Alsalami Omar Mutab , Shaikh Asif Ali , Nonlaopon Kamsing
Published: September 2022

The subject of convex analysis and integral inequalities represents a comprehensive and absorbing field of research within the field of mathematical interpretation. In recent times, the strategies of convex theory and integral inequalities have become the subject of intensive research at historical and contemporary times because of their applications in various branches of sciences. In this work, we reveal the idea of a new version of generalized harmonic convexity i.e., an m–polynomial p–harmonic s–type convex function. We discuss this new idea by employing some examples and demonstrating some interesting algebraic properties. Furthermore, this work leads us to establish some new generalized Hermite–Hadamard- and generalized Ostrowski-type integral identities. Additionally, employing Hölder’s inequality and the power-mean inequality, we present some refinements of the H–H (Hermite–Hadamard) inequality and Ostrowski inequalities. Finally, we investigate some applications to special means involving the established results. These new results yield us some generalizations of the prior results in the literature. We believe that the methodology and concept examined in this paper will further inspire interested researchers.
Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System
Authors: Abbas Zainab Saeed , Naji Raid Kamel
Published: September 2022

The food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predators competing for prey while experiencing fear was developed and studied. The properties of the solution of the system were determined, and all potential equilibrium points were identified. The dynamic behavior in their immediate surroundings was examined both locally and globally. The system’s persistence demands were calculated, and all conceivable forms of local bifurcations were investigated. With the aid of MATLAB, a numerical simulation was used to clarify the control set of parameters and comprehend the overall dynamics. For the system to continue, it was determined that extremely high levels of either fear or harvesting lead to the extinction of one of the predator species. Moreover, in contrast to the ecological assumption that if two species are vying for the same resources, population values cannot be constant, this study showed that it is possible for two competing species to subsist on the same resources.
Sarcoeleganolides C–G, Five New Cembranes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton elegans
Authors: Wang Cili , Zhang Jiarui , Shi Xing , Li Kai , Li Fengling , Tang Xuli , Li Guoqiang , Li Pinglin
Published: September 2022

Five new cembranes, named sarcoeleganolides C–G (1–5), along with three known analogs (6–8) were isolated from soft coral Sarcophyton elegans collected from the Yagong Island, South China Sea. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, QM-NMR, and TDDFT-ECD calculations. In addition, compound 3 exhibited better anti-inflammation activity compared to the indomethacin as a positive control in zebrafish at 20 μM.
Targeting the Structural Integrity of Extracellular Vesicles via Nano Electrospray Gas-Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analysis (nES GEMMA)
Authors: Steinberger Stephanie , Karuthedom George Sobha , Lauková Lucia , Weiss René , Tripisciano Carla , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , Weber Viktoria , Allmaier Günter , Weiss Victor U.
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are in the scientific spotlight due to their potential application in the medical field, ranging from medical diagnosis to therapy. These applications rely on EV stability during isolation and purification—ideally, these steps should not impact vesicle integrity. In this context, we investigated EV stability and particle numbers via nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In nES GEMMA, native, surface-dry analytes are separated in the gas-phase according to the particle size. Besides information on size and particle heterogeneity, particle number concentrations are obtained in accordance with recommendations of the European Commission for nanoparticle characterization (2011/696/EU, 18 October 2011). Likewise, and in contrast to NTA, nES GEMMA enables detection of co-purified proteins. On the other hand, NTA, yielding data on hydrodynamic size distributions, is able to relate particle concentrations, omitting electrolyte exchange (and resulting EV loss), which is prerequisite for nES GEMMA. Focusing on EVs of different origin, we compared vesicles concentrations and stability, especially after electrolyte exchange and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Co-isolated proteins were detected in most samples, and the vesicle amount varied in dependence on the EV source. We found that depletion of co-purified proteins was achievable via SEC, but was associated with a loss of EVs and—most importantly—with decreased vesicle stability, as detected via a reduced nES GEMMA measurement repeatability. Ultimately, we propose the repeatability of nES GEMMA to yield information on EV stability, and, as a result, we propose that nES GEMMA can yield additional valuable information in EV research.
Dislodging Dichromate in Mine Slops Applying Flat Supplying Membrane Equipment Containing Carrier N235/7301
Authors: Pei Liang
Published: September 2022

A novel flat supplying membrane equipment (FSME) with a sodium hydroxide solution and a mixture of N235/7301 and petroleum has been studied for dislodging dichromate (which can be expressed as Cr (VI) or Cr2O72−) from simulated mine slops. The FSME contained three parts: as a feeding cell, a reacting cell, and a supplying cell. The flat Kynoar membrane was inlaid in the middle of the reacting cell, using the mixed solutions of petroleum and sodium hydroxide, with Tri (octyl decyl) alkyl tertiary amine (N235/7301) as the carrier in the supplying cell and the mine slops with Cr (VI) as the feeding section. The impact parameters of pH and the other ion density in the feeding solutions, the voluminal ratio of petroleum to sodium hydroxide solution and N235/7301 concentration in the supplying solutions were investigated for the obtaining of the optimal technique parameters. It was found that the dislodging rate of Cr (VI) could reach 93.3% in 215 min when the concentration of carrier (N235/7301) was 0.20 mol/L, the voluminal ratio of petroleum and sodium hydroxide in the supplying cell was 1:1, the pH of the feeding section was 4.00, and the Cr (VI) cinit was 3.00 × 10−4 mol/L. The practicability and steadiness of FSME were gained through the exploration of Cr (VI) adsorption on the membrane surface.
Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source
Authors: Broughton Richard , Tocher Douglas R. , Napier Johnathan A. , Betancor Mónica B.
Published: September 2022

The development and inclusion of novel oils derived from genetically modified (GM) oilseeds into aquafeeds, to supplement and supplant current terrestrial oilseeds, as well as fish oils, warrants a more thorough investigation into lipid biochemical alterations within finfish species, such as Atlantic salmon. Five tissues were examined across two harvesting timepoints to establish whether lipid isomeric alterations could be detected between a standard commercial diet versus a diet that incorporated the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), derived from the GM oilseed Camelina sativa. Tissue-dependent trends were detected, indicating that certain organs, such as the brain, have a basal limit to LC-PUFA incorporation, though enrichment of these fatty acids is possible. Lipid acyl alterations, as well as putative stereospecific numbering (sn) isomer alterations, were also detected, providing evidence that GM oils may modify lipid structure, with lipids of interest providing a set of targeted markers by which lipid alterations can be monitored across various novel diets.
Optimization of Elicitation Conditions to Enhance the Production of Potent Metabolite Withanolide from Withania somnifera (L.)
Authors: Singh Manali , Agrawal Sanjeev , Afzal Obaid , Altamimi Abdulmalik S. A. , Redhwan Alya , Alshammari Nawaf , Patel Mitesh , Adnan Mohd , Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed , Khan Shahanavaj
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at optimizing conditions for increased withanolide production in Withania somnifera. The elicitors used for the foliar spray on the aerial parts of the plant were salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and chitosan for the enhancement of withanolides in Withania somnifera under different environmental regimes. Three different elicitors, i.e., chitosan, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, were applied on the plants through foliar route every 15th day for 6 months, and later plants were used for sample preparation. Further, the elicitors were used in different concentration, i.e., jasmonic acid (50, 200 and 400 ppm), chitosan (10, 50 and 100 ppm) and salicylic acid (0.5, 1 and 2 ppm). The elicitors were sprayed on the foliar parts of the plant between 10:00–11:00 a.m. on application days. For elicitor spray, a calibrated sprayer was used. The withanolide A/withaferin A was quantified through HPLC. It was found that in an open environment, maximum withaferin A content, i.e., 0.570 mg/g (DW), was recorded with jasmonic acid (50 ppm) treatment in comparison to control (0.067 mg/g DW). Thus, there was an 8.5-fold increase in the withaferin A content. Maximum withanolide A content of 0.352 mg/g (DW) was recorded when chitosan (50 ppm) was sprayed, while in the control, withanolide A content was recorded to be 0.031 mg/g (DW); thus, chitosan application increased the production of withanolide A by 11.3-fold. Under controlled conditions, maximum withaferin A content of 1.659 mg/g (DW) was recorded when plants were sprayed with chitosan (100 ppm), which was 8.1 times greater than the control content of 0.203 mg/g (DW). Maximum withanolide A content of 0.460 mg/g (DW) was recorded when chitosan (100 ppm) was applied, whereas in the control, withanolide A content was found to be 0.061 mg/g (DW). Thus, foliar spraying of elicitors in very low concentrations can serve as a low-cost, eco-friendly, labor-intensive and elegant alternative approach that can be practiced by farmers for the enhancement, consistent production and improved yield of withanolide A/withaferin A. This can be a suitable way to enhance plant productivity, thus increasing the availability of withanolide A and withaferin A for the health and pharma industry.
Production of Methanol on PdCu/ATO in a Polymeric Electrolyte Reactor of the Fuel Cell Type from Methane
Authors: Godoi Camila M. , Gutierrez Isabely M. , Gomes Paulo Victor R. , Coelho Jessica F. , Zambiazi Priscilla J. , Otubo Larissa , Neto Almir O. , de Souza Rodrigo F. B.
Published: September 2022

The search for alternatives for converting methane into value-added products has been of great interest to scientific, technological, and industrial society. An alternative to this could be the use of copper-doped palladium catalysts with different proportions supported on metal oxides, such as Sb2O5.SnO2 (ATO) catalysts. These combinations were employed to convert the methane-to-methanol in mild condition using a fuel cell polymer electrolyte reactor. The catalysts prepared presents Pd, CuO, and Sb2O5.SnO2 phases with a mean particle size of about 9 nm. In activity experiments, the Pd80Cu20/ATO indicated maximum power density and maximum rate reaction for methanol production when compared to other PdCu/ATO materials. The use of ATO as a support favored the production of methanol from methane, while PdCu with high copper content demonstrated the production of more oxidized compounds, such as carbonate and formate.
Memristive Switching and Density-Functional Theory Calculations in Double Nitride Insulating Layers
Authors: Khan Sobia Ali , Hussain Fayyaz , Chung Daewon , Rahmani Mehr Khalid , Ismail Muhammd , Mahata Chandreswar , Abbas Yawar , Abbas Haider , Choi Changhwan , Mikhaylov Alexey N. , Shchanikov Sergey A. , Yang Byung-Do , Kim Sungjun
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate a device using a Ni/SiN/BN/p+-Si structure with improved performance in terms of a good ON/OFF ratio, excellent stability, and low power consumption when compared with single-layer Ni/SiN/p+-Si and Ni/BN/p+-Si devices. Its switching mechanism can be explained by trapping and de-trapping via nitride-related vacancies. We also reveal how higher nonlinearity and rectification ratio in a bilayer device is beneficial for enlarging the read margin in a cross-point array structure. In addition, we conduct a theoretical investigation for the interface charge accumulation/depletion in the SiN/BN layers that are responsible for defect creation at the interface and how this accounts for the improved switching characteristics.
2D MXene Nanomaterials as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER): A Review
Authors: Peera Shaik Gouse , Koutavarapu Ravindranadh , Chao Liu , Singh Lakhveer , Murugadoss Govindhasamy , Rajeshkhanna Gaddam
Published: September 2022

MXenes, a novel family of 2D transition metal carbide, nitride and carbonitride materials, have been gaining tremendous interest in recent days as potential electrocatalysts for various electrochemical reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). MXenes are characterized by their etchable metal layers, excellent structural stability, versatility for heteroatoms doping, excellent electronic conductivity, unique surface functional groups and admirable surface area, suitable for the role of electrocatalyst/support in electrochemical reactions, such as HER. In this review article, we summarized recent developments in MXene-based electrocatalysts synthesis and HER performance in terms of the theoretical and experimental point of view. We systematically evaluated the superiority of the MXene-based catalysts over traditional Pt/C catalysts in terms of HER kinetics, Tafel slope, overpotential and stability, both in acidic and alkaline electrolytic environments. We also pointed out the motives behind the electro catalytic enhancements, the effect of synthesis conditions, heteroatom doping, the effect of surface terminations on the electrocatalytic active sites of various MXenes families. At the end, various possible approaches were recommended for a deeper understanding of the active sites and catalytic improvement of MXenes catalysts for HER.
Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Ayana Gelan , Ryu Jaemyung , Choe Se-woon
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and it is treated with surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these regimens. Despite chemotherapy’s ample use, it has limitations such as bioavailability, adverse side effects, high-dose requirements, low therapeutic indices, multiple drug resistance development, and non-specific targeting. Drug delivery vehicles or carriers, of which nanocarriers are prominent, have been introduced to overcome chemotherapy limitations. Nanocarriers have been preferentially used in breast cancer chemotherapy because of their role in protecting therapeutic agents from degradation, enabling efficient drug concentration in target cells or tissues, overcoming drug resistance, and their relatively small size. However, nanocarriers are affected by physiological barriers, bioavailability of transported drugs, and other factors. To resolve these issues, the use of external stimuli has been introduced, such as ultrasound, infrared light, thermal stimulation, microwaves, and X-rays. Recently, ultrasound-responsive nanocarriers have become popular because they are cost-effective, non-invasive, specific, tissue-penetrating, and deliver high drug concentrations to their target. In this paper, we review recent developments in ultrasound-guided nanocarriers for breast cancer chemotherapy, discuss the relevant challenges, and provide insights into future directions.
Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Protein Content of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: da Luz Brenda Silva Rosa , de Rezende Rodovalho Vinícius , Nicolas Aurélie , Chabelskaya Svetlana , Jardin Julien , Briard-Bion Valérie , Le Loir Yves , de Carvalho Azevedo Vasco Ariston , Guédon Éric
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus aureus, a major opportunistic pathogen in humans, produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in cellular communication, the delivery of virulence factors, and modulation of the host immune system response. However, to date, the impact of culture conditions on the physicochemical and functional properties of S. aureus EVs is still largely unexplored. Here, we use a proteomic approach to provide a complete protein characterization of S. aureus HG003, a NCTC8325 derivative strain and its derived EVs under four growth conditions: early- and late-stationary growth phases, and in the absence and presence of a sub-inhibitory concentration of vancomycin. The HG003 EV protein composition in terms of subcellular localization, COG and KEGG categories, as well as their relative abundance are modulated by the environment and differs from that of whole-cell (WC). Moreover, the environmental conditions that were tested had a more pronounced impact on the EV protein composition when compared to the WC, supporting the existence of mechanisms for the selective packing of EV cargo. This study provides the first general picture of the impact of different growth conditions in the proteome of S. aureus EVs and its producing-cells and paves the way for future studies to understand better S. aureus EV production, composition, and roles.
The First Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Models Expressing Hepatitis B Virus X Protein: Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology and Functions
Authors: Epremyan Khoren K. , Goleva Tatyana N. , Rogov Anton G. , Lavrushkina Svetlana V. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Zvyagilskaya Renata A.
Published: September 2022

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the dominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, the main cause of cancer death. HBx protein, a multifunctional protein, is essential for pathogenesis development; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The complexity of the system itself, and the intricate interplay of many factors make it difficult to advance in understanding the mechanisms underlying these processes. The most obvious solution is to use simpler systems by reducing the number of interacting factors. Yeast cells are particularly suitable for studying the relationships between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics (mitochondrial fusion and fragmentation), and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in HBx-mediated pathogenesis. For the first time, genetically modified yeast, Y. lipolytica, was created, expressing the hepatitis B virus core protein HBx, as well as a variant fused with eGFP at the C-end. It was found that cells expressing HBx experienced stronger oxidative stress than the control cells. Oxidative stress was alleviated by preincubation with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQThy. Consistent with these data, in contrast to the control cells (pZ-0) containing numerous mitochondrial forming a mitochondrial reticulum, in cells expressing HBx protein, mitochondria were fragmented, and preincubation with SkQThy partially restored the mitochondrial reticulum. Expression of HBx had a significant influence on the bioenergetic function of mitochondria, making them loosely coupled with decreased respiratory rate and reduced ATP formation. In sum, the first highly promising yeast model for studying the impact of HBx on bioenergy, redox-state, and dynamics of mitochondria in the cell and cross-talk between these parameters was offered. This fairly simple model can be used as a platform for rapid screening of potential therapeutic agents, mitigating the harmful effects of HBx.
Provenance Tracing and Age Analysis of Lead–Zinc Mineralization in Qiyimuchang, Inner Mongolia, NE China
Authors: Duan Mingxin , Ren Yunsheng , Xue Chunji , Yang Qun , Hao Yujie , Liu Tao
Published: September 2022

The Qiyimuchang lead–zinc deposit is an important deposit in the Erguna Massif on the west slope of Daxinganling, for which the material source and age of mineralization remain unclear. The lead–zinc deposit in Qiyimuchang has been observed to occur in Jurassic volcanic strata as a vein-like orebody, and its strike is nearly perpendicular to that of the strata and the regional structures of the orogenic belt. The ore is mainly composed of sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and quartz, and hydrothermal alteration zones dominated by silicification, fluoritization, and pyritization are common within 1–5 m on both sides of the vein. The metasomatic lead–zinc mineralization is characterized by a massive vein structure. The mineralization process can be divided into three stages, pre-ore (mainly quartz, arsenopyrite and a small amount of pyrite), ore-formation (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fluorite, and a small amount of tetrahedrite), and post-ore (quartz-calcite veinlets with a small amount of pyrite). Element and isotope geochemical studies show that the trace element compositions of the wall rocks (andesite, tuff, etc.) of Jurassic volcanic rocks in the ore bodies and surrounding rocks reflect affinity or similarity between them. The S isotopic composition of sulfide minerals in the metallogenic stage (δ 34SV-CDT = 1.6‰~4.8‰) indicate the sulfur isotopic composition of the magma. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals (38.5–38.39, 15.55–15.62, and 18.33–18.41 for 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb, respectively) in the metallogenic stage are relatively concentrated and close to the average Pb isotopic compositions of the mantle and average Pb isotopic composition of an orogenic belt, indicating that the ore-forming metals are likely to be a mixed source of crust and mantle. A new zircon U-Pb age of 150.8 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.74) was obtained from andesitic tuff. Collectively considering the regional geology and ore deposit geological analysis, the lead–zinc mineralization in Qiyimuchang possibly occurred during the early Cretaceous. The ore-forming processes belong to Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal activity in extensional tectonic setting.
Mineralogical Properties of the Copper Slags from the SarCheshmeh Smelter Plant, Iran, in View of Value Recovery
Authors: Mohamadi Nasab Saeed , Shafiei Bafti Behnam , Yarahmadi Mohamad Reza , Mahmoudi Maymand Mohammad , Kamalabadi Khorasani Javad
Published: September 2022

Annually, hundreds of thousands of tons of slags are involved in the reverberator and flash smelting as well as converting operations of Cu-Fe sulfide concentrates to produce matte in the Sar Cheshmeh copper smelter plant, Iran, disposed in the landfill and cooled in air. Due to their relatively high average copper content (about 1.5 wt%), a mineral processing plant based on the flotation process has recently been established to produce thousands of tons of Cu-sulfide concentrate after slag crushing and fine grinding operation. In order to make the flotation process more efficient, more knowledge is required on the form and origin of the copper losses in the slag. To achieve this, mineralogical studies of the slags using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods have been carried out. Mineralogical analyses showed the main part of copper losses into the semi- to fully-crystallized magnetite-rich reverberator and flash slags characterized by crystal–glass matrix ratio ≤ 1 is moderate to coarse particles of Cu-Fe sulfides, i.e., chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and bornite (Cu5FeS4), that are mainly chemically entrapped. In contrast, the mechanically entrapped fine- to coarse-grain (from 20 up to 200 µm) spherical-shaped of high-grade matte particles with chalcocite (Cu2S) composition containing droplets or veinlets of metallic copper (Cu0) are the dominant forms of copper losses into the converter slags characterized by crystal–glass matrix ratio > 1. From the value recovery point of view, our result show that the fully crystallized slags containing moderate- to coarse-grain copper-bearing particles will result in efficient recovery of a significant amount of entrained copper due to better milling response compared to semi-crystallized ones due to locking the fine- to moderate-grain copper particles in the silicate glassy matrix. Laboratory-scale grinding experiments showed that normal (≤74 μm) to fine (≤44 μm) grinding of high- Cu grade slags lead to a significant increase in the liberation degree of copper particles. in contrast, the increase in fine particle fractions (<37 μm) due to re-grinding or ultra-fine grinding of the originally low-Cu grade slags does not lead to the liberation of copper particles, but it will reduce the efficiency of the flotation process. This study suggests that the highest rate of copper recovery of the slag by the flotation process will be obtained at particle size 80% passing 44 µm which has also reached the optimal liberation degree of copper-bearing particles.
Single-Mode-Tuned Tricolor Emissions of Upconversion/Afterglow Hybrids for Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Hu Yanqing , Li Songqi , Yu Shijie , Chen Shuoran , Yan Yuyang , Liu Yan , Chen Yuanpeng , Chen Caosong , Shao Qiyue , Liu Yingshuai
Published: September 2022

This work presents a highly secure anticounterfeiting strategy based on upconversion/afterglow hybrids with tricolor emissions tuned by a single 975 nm laser. The hybrids are composed of NaYF4:Yb/Tm and NaYF4:Yb/Er microrods and CaS:Eu2+ afterglow phosphors. Under 975 nm excitation, the hybrids exhibit multicolor emissions from green to white by adjusting laser power and then emit red afterglow light when the 975 nm laser is off. Under synergistic excitation of the blue-green light emitted by Tm/Er microrods, the red afterglow emission not only has a strong initial intensity but also lasts for 3 s. Obvious trichromatic changes from green to white to red can be observed by the naked eye. A pattern printed by the hybrid ink exhibits tricolor emissions by laser adjustment and switch. This proves that upconversion/afterglow hybrids are an excellent candidate for anticounterfeiting applications with high-level security but a simple recognition method.
Hysteresis in Heat Capacity of MWCNTs Caused by Interface Behavior
Authors: Bobenko Nadezhda , Egorushkin Valeriy , Ponomarev Alexander
Published: September 2022

The paper is concerned with the study of structural disorder as well as the emergence and causes of heat capacity hysteresis in multiwall carbon nanotubes. The investigation methods are X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and calorimetric tests: thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and the thermal relaxation method for heat capacity hysteresis. Multiwall carbon nanotubes are shown to be composed of one or several types of zigzag–armchair domains. The domain structure of nanotube samples is responsible for the generation of uniaxial elastic microstrains and viscoelastic bending strains at domain interfaces. The thermomechanical behavior of interfaces is the chief cause of temperature hysteresis of heat capacity. The number of hystereses corresponds to the number of domain types in the structure, and values of hysteresis are determined by the crystallite size, thermal conductivity, and normal temperature distribution of strain. The found mechanism of heat capacity hysteresis can be helpful in preventing jumps in thermal properties and managing thermal memory in multiwall carbon nanotubes.
Low-Temperature UVO-Sintered ZnO/SnO2 as Robust Cathode Buffer Layer for Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Zhijun , Li Fen , Fang Jing , Chen Mingxin , Sun Xiaoxiang , Li Chang , Tao Jiayou , Liao Gaohua , Zhang Jianjun
Published: September 2022

The cathode buffer layer (CBL) plays a crucial role in organic solar cells (OSCs), and it has been challenging to obtain high-quality CBL by using simple and reliable processes. In this paper, the bilayer structure consisting of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and sol–gel SnO2 was prepared by the low-temperature (<100 °C) UV-ozone (UVO) sintering process and used as the robust CBL for ternary OSCs based on PTB7-Th:PCDTBT:PC70BM. The results show that the insertion of SnO2 can effectively fill the cracks and pores on the surface of the ZnO NP film, thereby improving the overall compactness and flatness of the CBL and reducing the defect density inside the CBL. Furthermore, the insertion of SnO2 slightly improves the transmittance of the CBL to photons with wavelengths in the range of 400–600 nm, and also increases the electron mobility of the CBL thus facilitating the extraction and transport of the electrons. Compared to the devices using UVO-ZnO and UVO-SnO2 CBLs, the devices with UVO-ZnO/SnO2 CBL exhibit exceptional performance advantages, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 10.56%. More importantly, the stability of the devices with ZnO/SnO2 CBL is significantly improved, the device (PCE) still maintains 60% of the initial value after 30 days in air. The positive results show that the UVO-ZnO/SnO2 is an ideal CBL for OSCs, and due to the low-temperature process, it has great application potential in flexible OSCs.
Microfluidic Synthesis of -NH2- and -COOH-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Chircov Cristina , Bîrcă Alexandra Cătălina , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Oprea Ovidiu-Cristian , Huang Keng-Shiang , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai
Published: September 2022

Microfluidics has emerged as a promising alternative for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which ensures precise control over the synthesis parameters, high uniformity, reproducibility, and ease of integration. Therefore, the present study investigated a one-step synthesis and functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using sulfanilic acid (SA) and 4-sulfobenzoic acid (SBA). The flows of both the precursor and precipitating/functionalization solutions were varied in order to ensure the optimal parameters. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results demonstrated the successful synthesis of magnetite as the unique mineralogical phase, as well as the functionalization of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the possibility to control the crystallinity, size, shape, and functionalization degree by varying the synthesis parameters was further confirmed. In this manner, this study validated the potential of the microfluidic platform to develop functionalized MNPs, which are suitable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Conservation of Archaeological Bones: Assessment of Innovative Phosphate Consolidants in Comparison with Paraloid B72
Authors: Díaz-Cortés Andrea , Graziani Gabriela , Boi Marco , López-Polín Lucia , Sassoni Enrico
Published: September 2022

Aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) have been recently proposed for consolidation of archeological bones, as an alternative to traditional products. Here, we investigated several routes to improve the performance of the DAP-based treatment, namely increasing the DAP concentration, adding calcium ions and adding ethanol to the DAP solution. Archaeological bones dated to about 1–0.8 million years ago were used for the tests. After preliminary screening by FTIR microscopy and FEG-SEM among different formulations, confirming the formation of new hydroxyapatite phases, the most promising formulation was selected, namely a 3 M DAP solution. The strengthening ability of this formulation was systematically compared to that of the most widely used commercial consolidant, namely Paraloid B72. The performance of the two treatments was evaluated in terms of Knoop and Vickers microhardness, resistance to scratch and resistance to material loss by peeling off. The results of the study show that the DAP treatment was able to improve the bone surface properties and also the resistance to material loss by peeling off, which is more dependent on in-depth consolidation. Paraloid B72 led to the formation of a layer of acrylic resin on the bone surface, which influenced the mechanical tests. Nonetheless, Paraloid B72 was able to penetrate in depth and substantially decrease the material loss by peeling off, even more effectively than DAP. The results of this study indicate that the potential of the DAP treatment for bone consolidation is confirmed.
Metal-Polymer Nanoconjugates Application in Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Figueiredo André Q. , Rodrigues Carolina F. , Fernandes Natanael , de Melo-Diogo Duarte , Correia Ilídio J. , Moreira André F.
Published: September 2022

Metallic-based nanoparticles present a unique set of physicochemical properties that support their application in different fields, such as electronics, medical diagnostics, and therapeutics. Particularly, in cancer therapy, the plasmonic resonance, magnetic behavior, X-ray attenuation, and radical oxygen species generation capacity displayed by metallic nanoparticles make them highly promising theragnostic solutions. Nevertheless, metallic-based nanoparticles are often associated with some toxicological issues, lack of colloidal stability, and establishment of off-target interactions. Therefore, researchers have been exploiting the combination of metallic nanoparticles with other materials, inorganic (e.g., silica) and/or organic (e.g., polymers). In terms of biological performance, metal-polymer conjugation can be advantageous for improving biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and tumor specificity. In this review, the application of metallic-polymer nanoconjugates/nanohybrids as a multifunctional all-in-one solution for cancer therapy will be summarized, focusing on the physicochemical properties that make metallic nanomaterials capable of acting as imaging and/or therapeutic agents. Then, an overview of the main advantages of metal-polymer conjugation as well as the most common structural arrangements will be provided. Moreover, the application of metallic-polymer nanoconjugates/nanohybrids made of gold, iron, copper, and other metals in cancer therapy will be discussed, in addition to an outlook of the current solution in clinical trials.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Telomeres—Are They the Elixir of Youth?
Authors: Ogłuszka Magdalena , Lipiński Paweł , Starzyński Rafał R.
Published: September 2022

Telomeres are complexes consisting of tandem repeat DNA combined with associated proteins that play a key role in protecting the ends of chromosomes and maintaining genome stability. They are considered a biological clock, as they shorten in parallel with aging. Furthermore, short telomeres are associated with several age-related diseases. However, the variability in telomere shortening independent of chronological age suggests that it is a modifiable factor. In fact, it is regulated inter alia by genetic damage, cell division, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A key question remains: how can we prevent accelerated telomere attrition and subsequent premature replicative senescence? A number of studies have explored the possible impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere shortening. This review summarizes published cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, and rodent studies investigating the role of omega-3 fatty acids in telomere biology. It also covers a broad overview of the mechanism, currently favored in the field, that explains the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomeres—the food compound’s ability to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the results of the studies performed to date are not consistent, the vast majority indicate a beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length.
Effect of the Intake of Lean Red-Meat from Beef-(Pirenaica Breed) versus Lean White-Meat on Body Composition, Fatty Acids Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Indicators: A Randomized Cross-Over Study in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M. , Miguel-Berges María L. , Campo María M. , Guerrero Ana , Olleta José Luis , Santolaria Pilar , Moreno Luis A.
Published: September 2022

The main dietary guidelines recommended a restriction of total and saturated fat intake in the management of cardiovascular risk. These recommendations are overgeneralized, and all red meats should be limited and replaced by white meat. The aim is to assess the effect of the consumption of beef (from the Pirenaica breed) or chicken-based diets on body composition, fatty acid profile and cardiovascular (CV) risk indicators in healthy adults. A randomized cross-over study was carried out in three University accommodation halls. Participants consumed either the Pirenaica breed beef or chicken three times per week for 8-week periods with their usual diet. Body composition, clinical, biochemical and dietary variables were evaluated at baseline and at the end of each period. A validated diet questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake and monitor compliance. Intervention and control group comparisons were done with the general linear regression model for repeated measures. Forty-seven healthy adults were included (51.6% males, mean age 19.9 ± 1.75 years). No significant differences were found in body composition, fatty acid profile or CV risk indicators from baseline in either diet group. Consumption of lean red meat (Pirenaica breed) or lean white meat (chicken) as part of the usual diet is associated with a similar response. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT 04832217 (accessed on 6 September 2022).
Variability in Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Tjäder Inga , Klaude Maria , Hssain Ali Ait , Guillet Christelle , Nennesmo Inger , Wernerman Jan , Rooyackers Olav
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Muscle protein synthesis in critically ill patients is, on average, normal despite dramatic muscle loss, but the variation is much larger than in controls. Here, we evaluate if this variation is due to 1) heterogeneity in synthesis rates, 2) morphological variation or infiltrating cells, or 3) heterogeneity in the synthesis of different protein fractions. (2) Methods: Muscle biopsies were taken from both legs of critically ill patients (n = 17). Mixed and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates and morphologies were evaluated in both legs. Synthesis rates of myosin and actin were determined in combined biopsies and compared with controls. (3) Results: Muscle protein synthesis rates had a large variability in the patients (1.4–10.8%/day). No differences in mixed and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates between both legs were observed. A microscopic examination revealed no morphological differences between the two legs or any infiltrating inflammatory cells. The synthesis rates for myosin were lower and for actin they were higher in the muscles of critically ill patients, compared with the controls. (4) Conclusions: The large variation in muscle protein synthesis rates in critically ill patients is not the result of heterogeneity in synthesis rates, nor due to infiltrating cells. There are differences in the synthesis rates of different proteins, but these do not explain the larger variations.
Diet Quality Is Associated with Glucose Regulation in a Cohort of Young Adults
Authors: Costello Elizabeth , Goodrich Jesse , Patterson William B. , Rock Sarah , Li Yiping , Baumert Brittney , Gilliland Frank , Goran Michael I. , Chen Zhanghua , Alderete Tanya L. , Conti David V. , Chatzi Leda
Published: September 2022

Young-onset type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is a growing epidemic. Poor diet is a known risk factor for T2D in older adults, but the contribution of diet to risk factors for T2D is not well-described in youth. Our objective was to examine the relationship of diet quality with prediabetes, glucose regulation, and adiposity in young adults. A cohort of young adults (n = 155, age 17–22) was examined between 2014–2018, and 89 underwent a follow-up visit from 2020–2022. At each visit, participants completed diet and body composition assessments and an oral glucose tolerance test. Adherence to four dietary patterns was assessed: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Mediterranean diet, and Diet Inflammatory Index (DII). Regression analyses were used to determine adjusted associations of diet with risk for prediabetes and adiposity. Each one-point increase in DASH or HEI scores between visits reduced the risk for prediabetes at follow-up by 64% (OR, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.17–0.68) and 9% (OR, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.85–0.96), respectively. The DASH diet was inversely associated with adiposity, while DII was positively associated with adiposity. In summary, positive changes in HEI and DASH scores were associated with reduced risk for prediabetes in young adults.
The Lactobacillus gasseri G098 Strain Mitigates Symptoms of DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wei-Qin , Quan Ke-Yu , Feng Cui-Jiao , Zhang Tao , He Qiu-Wen , Kwok Lai-Yu , Chen Yong-Fu
Published: September 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurring inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unclear etiology, but it is thought to be related to factors like immune abnormalities and gut microbial dysbiosis. Probiotics can regulate host immunity and gut microbiota; thus, we investigated the alleviation effect and mechanism of the strain Lactobacillus gasseri G098 (G098) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Three groups of mice (n = 8 per group) were included: normal control (NC), DSS-induced colitis mice (DSS), and colitis mice given strain (G098). Our results showed that administering G098 effectively reversed DSS-induced colitis-associated symptoms (mitigating weight loss, reducing disease activity index and pathology scores; p < 0.05 in all cases) and prevented DSS-induced mortality (62.5% in DSS group; 100% in G098 group). The mortality rate and symptom improvement by G098 administration was accompanied by a healthier serum cytokine balance (significant decreases in serum pro-inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-6 [p < 0.05], IL-1β [p < 0.01], and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [p < 0.001], and significant increase in the serum anti-inflammatory factor IL-13 [p < 0.01], compared with DSS group) and gut microbiome modulation (characterized by a higher gut microbiota diversity [p < 0.05], significantly more Firmicutes and Lachnoclostridium [p < 0.05], significantly fewer Bacteroidetes [p < 0.05], and significant higher gene abundances of sugar degradation-related pathways [p < 0.05], compared with DSS-treated group). Taken altogether, our results suggested that G098 intake could mitigate DSS-induced colitis through modulating host immunity and gut microbiome, and strain treatment is a promising strategy for managing IBD.
Dietary Acid Load Was Positively Associated with the Risk of Hip Fracture in Elderly Adults
Authors: Li Cheng-Feng , Liu Yu-Ping , Liu Chun-Ying , Zhu Hui-Lian , Wu Bao-Hua , Li Bao-Lin , Chen Yu-Ming
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have shown that dietary acid load (DAL) harms bone health, but the evidence is inconsistent and insufficient. This study examined the relationships between DAL and the risk of hip fracture. This case–control study contained 1070 pairs of 1:1 age-, city-, and gender-matched incident cases and controls (mean age, 71 years) recruited in Guangdong, China. Dietary information was collected using a validated 79-item food frequency questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. DAL was estimated based on established algorithms for the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Higher PRAL and NEAP were dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of hip fracture in both the conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis after adjusting for potential covariates. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI of hip fracture for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of DAL were 1.63 (1.18, 2.25) and 1.92 (1.36, 2.71) for PRAL and 1.81 (1.30, 2.53) and 2.55 (1.76, 3.71) for NEAP in all participants (all p-trends < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed more pronounced associations in participants with a lower body mass index. Our findings suggested positive associations between the estimated DAL and the risk of hip fractures in the elderly Chinese population.
Correlation between Olive Oil Intake and Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Authors: Memmola Raffaella , Petrillo Angelica , Di Lorenzo Sara , Altuna Sara C. , Habeeb Baker Shalal , Soggiu Alessio , Bonizzi Luigi , Garrone Ornella , Ghidini Michele
Published: September 2022

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a mainstay of the Mediterranean diet with its excellent balance of fats and antioxidant bioactive compounds. Both the phenolic and lipid fractions of EVOO contain a variety of antioxidant and anticancer substances which might protect from the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The function of the intestinal microbiome is essential for the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, being protective against pathogens and maintaining immunity. Indeed, dysbiosis of the microbiota alters the physiological functions of the organ, leading to the onset of different diseases including CRC. It is known that some factors, including diet, could deeply influence and modulate the colon microenvironment. Although coming from animal models, there is increasing evidence that a diet rich in EVOO is linked to a significant reduction in the diversity of gut microbiome (GM), causing a switch from predominant bacteria to a more protective group of bacteria. The potential beneficial effect of the EVOO compounds in the carcinogenesis of CRC is only partially known and further trials are needed in order to clarify this issue. With this narrative review, we aim at discussing the available evidence on the effect of olive oil consumption on GM in the prevention of CRC.