bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifouling and Removal Efficiency of Foul‐Release Polydimethylsiloxane‐based Coatings: Lab‐Scale and Seawater Immersion Fouling Test and Hydrodynamic Shearing Test
Authors: Lee Donguk , Choi Seungyong , Moon Myungjun , Shon Minyoung
Published: February 2021

Antifouling is necessary to prevent the fouling of marine organisms on ship surfaces in seawater. Foul release (FR) coatings are considered an alternative to commercial antifouling coatings as eco‐friendly coating materials that can prevent toxic biocide emissions. However, the evaluation of FR coatings for antifouling is extremely complicated owing to their foul‐releasing mechanism with diverse surface properties. Therefore, a reliable laboratory simulation of the actual seawater immersion condition is required. Silicon‐based FR coatings with several additives were prepared to evaluate the reliability of a laboratory fouling test. To simulate the marine foulant removal efficiency of an FR coating surface based on the ship speed, a circulating seawater channel was applied. Laboratory test showed a similar tendency as the seawater immersion. From the results, laboratory‐scale microalgae fouling tests and circulating seawater channel tests are considered suitable for evaluating the antifouling performance of FR coatings.
A forgotten diagnosis in right heart failure: A case report and literature review
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Galeshi Bahar , Peighambari Mehdi , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Moradian Maryam , Hashemi Arash
Published: February 2021

Carcinoid heart disease is a well‐known complication of carcinoid syndrome that affects morbidity and mortality. Carcinoid heart disease may be asymptomatic in the early stages; therefore, patients with carcinoid syndrome should be screened to prevent misdiagnosis.
Novel Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Bi2S3−BiOCl Ultrathin Hetero‐nanosheets for Selective Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Yang Shouning , Liu Xiaoyang , Lu Sijia , Li Zhuo , Zhang Yanmin , Yu Shaoning , Song Jian , Ding Chuanfan , Yang Huayan
Published: February 2021

The development of eco‐friendly and low cost catalysts is challenging. Here, heterostructures of Bi2S3 quantum dots (QDs) doped onto ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method to exploit efficient photosensitizers with appropriate electronic states to enhance the transfer of electrons. The obtained Bi2S3−BiOCl showed highly efficient photocatalytic ability for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes. More oxygen vacancies are formed on the exposed 001 facet of the ultrathin BiOCl, which can effectively trap electrons and form .O2− radicals. The cooperation between the BiOCl and the Bi2S3 QDs effectively separates photogenerated electron‐hole pairs at the heterointerface and facilitates the cooperative actions of .O2− radicals and holes, which brings about a desirable photocatalytic eﬃciency for the selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols. This work highlights the synergistic effect of semiconductor QDs and two‐dimensional materials on selective conversion processes and provides a new design paradigm using noble metal‐free heteromaterials with high photocatalytic activity. This opens new possibilities for photocatalyst design using heteromaterials with high photocatalytic activity.
Source Apportionment of Marine Microplastics: First Step Towards Managing Microplastic Pollution
Authors: Kumar Ashwini Suresh , Varghese George Kuttiparichel
Published: February 2021

Monthly sampling from August 2018 to December 2019 was carried out in the beach sediments of Calicut to understand the monthly accumulation and deposition pattern of microplastics (MP). The average abundance in terms of items per kg dry sediment during monsoon months was higher than that of non‐monsoon months. The sources and pathways of the sampled microplastics were identified using an existing forensic framework. The pathways of pellets and fibers were seen as drainage outlet and harbor, respectively. Exactly identified sources include polycarbonate urethane (PCU) fragments from foam, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)+PP films from paints of boats, and PE and PE+PP from fishing nets. The MP concentration in recreational areas was consistently higher except during flood periods.
IL‐22‐mediated renal metabolic reprogramming via PFKFB3 to treat kidney injury
Authors: Chen Wei , Shen Yilan , Fan Jiajun , Zeng Xian , Zhang Xuyao , Luan Jingyun , Wang Yichen , Zhang Jinghui , Fang Si , Mei Xiaobin , Zhao Zhen , Ju Dianwen
Published: February 2021

Kidney damage initiates the deteriorating metabolic states in tubule cells that lead to the development of end‐stage renal disease (ESTD). Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) is an effective therapeutic antidote for kidney injury via promoting kidney recovery, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we first provide evidence that IL‐22 attenuates kidney injury via metabolic reprogramming of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Specifically, our data suggest that IL‐22 regulates mitochondrial function and glycolysis in damaged TECs. Further observations indicate that IL‐22 alleviates the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysfunctional mitochondria via the induction of AMPK/AKT signaling and PFBFK3 activities. In mice, amelioration of kidney injury and necrosis and improvement of kidney functions via regulation of these metabolism relevant signaling and mitochondrial fitness of recombinant IL‐22 are certificated in cisplatin‐induced kidney damage and diabetic nephropathy (DN) animal models. Taken together, our findings unravel new mechanistic insights into protective effects of IL‐22 on kidneys and highlight the therapeutic opportunities of IL‐22 and the involved metabolic regulators in various kidney diseases.
Bring students to the table to boost campus assessment initiatives
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2021

When assessment staff at Howard University sought to expand the institution's culture of assessment, they set their sights on inviting students to the table to serve as partners instead of just as participants.
“Micropersonality” traits and their implications for behavioral and movement ecology research
Authors: Bailey Joseph D. , King Andrew J. , Codling Edward A. , Short Ashley M. , Johns Gemma I. , Fürtbauer Ines
Published: February 2021

Many animal personality traits have implicit movement‐based definitions and can directly or indirectly influence ecological and evolutionary processes. It has therefore been proposed that animal movement studies could benefit from acknowledging and studying consistent interindividual differences (personality), and, conversely, animal personality studies could adopt a more quantitative representation of movement patterns.

Using high‐resolution tracking data of three‐spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we examined the repeatability of four movement parameters commonly used in the analysis of discrete time series movement data (time stationary, step length, turning angle, burst frequency) and four behavioral parameters commonly used in animal personality studies (distance travelled, space use, time in free water, and time near objects).

Fish showed repeatable interindividual differences in both movement and behavioral parameters when observed in a simple environment with two, three, or five shelters present. Moreover, individuals that spent less time stationary, took more direct paths, and less commonly burst travelled (movement parameters), were found to travel farther, explored more of the tank, and spent more time in open water (behavioral parameters).

Our case study indicates that the two approaches—quantifying movement and behavioral parameters—are broadly equivalent, and we suggest that movement parameters can be viewed as “micropersonality” traits that give rise to broad‐scale consistent interindividual differences in behavior. This finding has implications for both personality and movement ecology research areas. For example, the study of movement parameters may provide a robust way to analyze individual personalities in species that are difficult or impossible to study using standardized behavioral assays.
Lineage‐specific plastid degradation in subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Fu Peng‐Cheng , Sun Shan‐Shan , Twyford Alex D. , Li Bei‐Bei , Zhou Rui‐Qi , Chen Shi‐Long , Gao Qing‐Bo , Favre Adrien
Published: February 2021

The structure and sequence of plastid genomes is highly conserved across most land plants, except for a minority of lineages that show gene loss and genome degradation. Understanding the early stages of plastome degradation may provide crucial insights into the repeatability and predictability of genomic evolutionary trends. We investigated these trends in subtribe Gentianinae of the Gentianaceae, which encompasses ca. 450 species distributed around the world, particularly in alpine and subalpine environments. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the plastomes of 41 species, representing all six genera in subtribe Gentianinae and all main sections of the species‐rich genus Gentiana L. We reconstructed the phylogeny, estimated divergence times, investigated the phylogenetic distribution of putative gene losses, and related these to substitution rate shifts and species’ habitats. We obtained a strongly supported topology consistent with earlier studies, with all six genera in Gentianinae recovered as monophyletic and all main sections of Gentiana having full support. While closely related species have very similar plastomes in terms of size and structure, independent gene losses, particularly of the ndh complex, have occurred in multiple clades across the phylogeny. Gene loss was usually associated with a shift in the boundaries of the small single‐copy and inverted repeat regions. Substitution rates were variable between clades, with evidence for both elevated and decelerated rate shifts. Independent lineage‐specific loss of ndh genes occurred at a wide range of times, from Eocene to Pliocene. Our study illustrates that diverse degradation patterns shape the evolution of the plastid in this species‐rich plant group.
Clinical and economic impact of HeartLogic™ compared with standard care in heart failure patients
Authors: Treskes Roderick W. , Beles Monika , Caputo Maria‐Luce , Cordon Audrey , Biundo Eliana , Maes Edith , Egorova Anastasia D. , Schalij Martin J. , Van Bockstal Koen , Grazioli‐Gauthier Lorenzo , Vanderheyden Marc , Bartunek Jozef , Auricchio Angelo , Beeres Saskia L.M.A. , Heggermont Ward A.
Published: February 2021

Aims

The implantable cardiac defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator‐based HeartLogic™ algorithm has recently been developed for early detection of impending decompensation in heart failure (HF) patients; but whether this novel algorithm can reduce HF hospitalizations has not been evaluated. We investigated if activation of the HeartLogic algorithm reduces the number of hospital admissions for decompensated HF in a 1 year post‐activation period as compared with a 1 year pre‐activation period.

Methods and results

Heart failure patients with an implantable cardiac defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator with the ability to activate HeartLogic and willingness to have remote device monitoring were included in this multicentre non‐blinded single‐arm trial with historical comparison. After a HeartLogic alert, the presence of HF symptoms and signs was evaluated. If there were two or more symptoms and signs apart from the HeartLogic alert, lifestyle advices were given and/or medication was adjusted. After activation of the algorithm, patients were followed for 1 year. HF events occurring in the 1 year prior to activation and in the 1 year after activation were compared. Of the 74 eligible patients (67.2 ± 10.3 years, 84% male), 68 patients completed the 1 year follow‐up period. The total number of HF hospitalizations reduced from 27 in the pre‐activation period to 7 in the post‐activation period (P = 0.003). The number of patients hospitalized for HF declined from 21 to 7 (P = 0.005), and the hospitalization length of stay diminished from average 16 to 7 days (P = 0.079). Subgroup analysis showed similar results (P = 0.888) for patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy during the pre‐activation period or not receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy, meaning that the effect of hospitalizations cannot solely be attributed to reverse remodelling. Subanalysis of a single‐centre Belgian subpopulation showed important reductions in overall health economic costs (P = 0.025).

Conclusion

Activation of the HeartLogic algorithm enables remote monitoring of HF patients, coincides with a significant reduction in hospitalizations for decompensated HF, and results in health economic benefits.
Crystal Structure of c‐M5B12O25(OH) (M=Al, Al/Ga, Ga/In) – Three Disordered Cubic Trielborates Synthesized under High‐Pressure Conditions
Authors: Vitzthum Daniela , Widmann Ingo , Wimmer Daniel S. , Wurst Klaus , Joachim‐Mrosko Bastian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2021

The isotypic trielborates c‐Al5B12O25(OH), c‐Al1.7Ga3.3B12O25(OH), and c‐Ga4InB12O25(OH) were synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of ≥12 GPa and ≥1100 °C. The three cubic compounds crystallize in the space group Fm
m with Z=4 and a=10.8226(5), 10.9258(5), and 11.176(2) Å for c‐Al5B12O25(OH), c‐Al1.7Ga3.3B12O25(OH), and c‐Ga4InB12O25(OH), respectively. The crystal structures of all three compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealing disordered cubic structures composed of MO6 octahedra (M=Al, Al/Ga, Ga, In) and BO4 tetrahedra. Single‐crystal Raman and IR spectroscopic data further characterize the compounds, and the latter confirms the presence of hydroxyl groups.
‘External timing’ of placebo analgesia in an experimental model of sustained pain
Authors: Camerone Eleonora Maria , Wiech Katja , Benedetti Fabrizio , Carlino Elisa , Job Mirko , Scafoglieri Aldo , Testa Marco
Published: February 2021

Background

Research on placebo analgesia commonly focuses on the impact of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude of the expected analgesic effect, whereas temporal aspects of expectations have received little attention so far. In a recent study, using short‐lasting, low‐intensity stimuli, we demonstrated that placebo analgesia onset is influenced by temporal information. Here, we investigate whether the same effect of temporal suggestions can be found in longer lasting, high‐intensity pain in a Cold Pressor Test (CPT).

Methods

Fifty‐three healthy volunteers were allocated to one of three groups. Participants were informed that the application of an (inert‐)cream would reduce pain after 5 min (P5) or 30 min (P30). The third group was informed that the cream only had hydrating properties (NE). All participants completed the CPT at baseline and 10 (Test 10) and 35 min (Test 35) following cream application. Percentage change in exposure time (pain tolerance) from baseline to Test 10 (Δ10) and to Test 35 (Δ35) and changes in heart rate (HR) during CPT were compared between the three groups.

Results

Δ10 was greater in P5 than in NE and P30, indicating that analgesia was only present in the group that was expecting an early onset of analgesia. Δ35 was greater in P5 and P30 compared to NE, reflecting a delayed onset of analgesia in P30 and maintained analgesia in P5. HR differences between groups were not significant.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that ‘externally timing’ of placebo analgesia may be possible for prolonged types of pain.

Significance

Research on placebo effects mainly focuses on the influence of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude (i.e., strong or weak) of the expected effect but ignores temporal aspects of expectations. In our study in healthy volunteers, the reported onset of placebo analgesia followed the temporal information provided. Such ‘external timing’ effects could not only aid the clinical use of placebo treatment (e.g., in open‐label placebos) but also support the efficacy of active drugs.
Mutagenicity of N‐hydroxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl in human TP53 knock‐in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts
Authors: Hölzl‐Armstrong Lisa , Kucab Jill E. , Zwart Edwin P. , Luijten Mirjam , Phillips David H. , Arlt Volker M.
Published: February 2021

TP53 harbors somatic mutations in more than half of human tumors with some showing characteristic mutation spectra that have been linked to environmental exposures. In bladder cancer, a unique distribution of mutations amongst several codons of TP53 has been hypothesized to be caused by environmental carcinogens including 4‐aminobiphenyl (4‐ABP). 4‐ABP undergoes metabolic activation to N‐hydroxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐4‐ABP) and forms pre‐mutagenic adducts in DNA, of which N‐(deoxyguanosin‐8‐yl)‐4‐ABP (dG‐C8‐4‐ABP) is the major one. Human TP53 knock‐in mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) are a useful model to study the influence of environmental carcinogens on TP53‐mutagenesis. By performing the HUF immortalization assay (HIMA) TP53‐mutant HUFs are generated and mutations can be identified by sequencing. Here we studied the induction of mutations in human TP53 after treatment of primary HUFs with N‐OH‐4‐ABP. In addition, mutagenicity in the bacterial lacZ reporter gene and the formation of dG‐C8‐4‐ABP, measured by 32P‐postlabelling analysis, were determined in N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐treated primary HUFs. A total of 6% TP53‐mutants were identified after treatment with 40 μM N‐OH‐4‐ABP for 24 hr (n = 150) with G>C/C>G transversion being the main mutation type. The mutation spectrum found in the TP53 gene of immortalized N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐treated HUFs was unlike the one found in human bladder cancer. DNA adduct formation (~40 adducts/108 nucleotides) was detected after 24 hr treatment with 40 μM N‐OH‐4‐ABP, but lacZ mutagenicity was not observed. Adduct levels decreased substantially (sixfold) after a 24 hr recovery period indicating that primary HUFs can efficiently repair the dG‐C8‐4‐ABP adduct possibly before mutations are fixed. In conclusion, the observed difference in the N‐OH‐4‐ABP‐induced TP53 mutation spectrum to that observed in human bladder tumors do not support a role of 4‐ABP in human bladder cancer development.
Numerical analysis of natural gas pressure during coal and gas outbursts
Authors: Li Zongxiang , Yu Jingxiao , Liu Yu , Zhang MingQian , Geng Feng , Zhang HongJie , Miao ChunTong
Published: February 2021

Any disturbance in the ventilation system of a mine during a coal and gas outburst can lead to secondary disasters. This is because, on the one hand, the expansion power of the outburst source makes the airflow in the ventilation system countercurrent, causing the gas in this system to exceed the allowable limit. On the other hand, the airflow density changes because of the outburst and the consequent airflow mixing in the mine roadway, thereby changing the natural wind pressure. From this, the concept of natural gas wind pressure is proposed, and a calculation method for this pressure in a 3D model mine ventilation system is derived. For the “11.10” major coal and gas outburst that occurred in Shizhuang Coal Mine in Qujing, Yunnan Province, the entire process of the counter flow and gas dispersion flow in the main and auxiliary shafts is analyzed using the TF1M 3D simulation program, including the dynamic change in the natural wind pressure in the mine in each stage. The simulation shows that during the gas outburst period, the natural gas pressure of the countercurrent circuit is greater than that of the main fan. Between 140 s and 225 s following the outburst, the natural wind pressure once overcomes the fan pressure and reverses the airflow in the 1824 transport roadway, and the gas is withdrawn from the 1727 service point. Evidently, the natural pressure of the gas produced by the outburst affects the mine ventilation system. In the event of a coal and gas outburst in a private village coal mine, if the natural gas wind pressure can be reasonably utilized and the main fan stopped or the entire mine reversed in time, casualties may be minimized. Scholars studying coal and gas outburst mines should pay attention to mine airflow disorder due to the varying natural gas wind pressure when an outburst occurs and perform simulation drills of the outburst beforehand. Thus, a scientific emergency management plan for mine disaster prevention and reduction can be formulated.
Geochemistry and detrital zircon geochronology of metasedimentary rocks in the Sierra Madre Terrane, Mexico: Implications of deposition along the western margin of Pangea
Authors: Torres Sánchez Sonia Alejandra , Augustsson Carita , Jenchen Uwe , Barboza Gudiño José Rafael , Gärtner Andreas , Hofmann Mandy , Linnemann Ulf
Published: February 2021

The basement complex of the Sierra Madre region in north‐eastern Mexico is classified into four domains: (a) granulite facies rocks of Grenville age (ca. 1 Ga) known as the Novillo Gneiss, (b) the Palaeozoic Granjeno Schist, (c) an unmetamorphosed succession of Palaeozoic marine siliciclastic and volcanic rocks, and (d) an Ordovician plagiogranite body. We present a geochemical and provenance study of the metasedimentary rocks of the Granjeno Schist, which are associated with metavolcanic and meta‐ultramafic rocks. In the Granjeno Schist, trace element ratios (Th/Sc, La/Sch, La/Sc, and Zr/Sc) and REE compositions of the metasedimentary rocks are similar to values for the mean continental crust values and are consistent with derivation of detritus from felsic rocks. Chemical index of alteration values of 30–80 indicates low to moderate weathering of the source. The clastic metasedimentary rocks have moderately radiogenic Nd‐isotopic compositions with initial εNd(t) values of −9 to −6, and model ages between 1.5 and 1.7 Ga. Ages of detrital zircon grains from the metasedimentary rocks are mostly 1.6–1.1 Ga, but some ages are 530–410 Ma. Such a Novillo Gneiss‐like age spectrum argues for short transport for the majority of zircon grains, with potential additional transport from the Maya Block. Na‐amphibole and mica geobarometer results of up to 6 kbar indicate high‐pressure subduction‐related metamorphism of the Granjeno Schist that was followed by a Pennsylvanian–Permian sub‐greenschist to greenschist metamorphic overprint in an accretionary prism. Thus, the Granjeno Schist is a representative of ocean‐plate stratigraphy that originated proximally close to a continent.
Exploring health and nutrition stakeholders' expectations and perception toward establishment of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance in Iran
Authors: Amini Maryam , Ghodsi Delaram , Doustmohammadian Azam , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R.
Published: February 2021

Background

Food and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS) is an essential and practical tool for providing timely information at specified times for policy making. This study aimed to explore policymakers' expectations and perception on establishment of the FNS in Iran before its establishment.

Materials and methods

Data in this qualitative study were gathered through documents review (23 relevant documents) and seventeen semi‐structured interviews with key informants in the field of food and nutrition at the national and provincial level selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were content analysed using MAXQDA (2010).

Findings

Most of the participants defined the FNS as a continuous monitoring system. They expected the FNS to identify and recognize food and nutrition problems; to create a common language and provide an inter‐disciplinary cooperation. From the participants' point of view the most important barriers to establishing of the FNS included lack of cooperation and resistance at different levels, lack of support and partnership among the stakeholders, lack of justification and awareness of the stakeholders, mismanagement and misuse of data, inattention to infrastructure.

Conclusions

Most of the stakeholders believed that the FNS was supposed to monitor food and nutrition status continuously to provide timely and accurate information for policy making.
Jonkershoek: Africa's oldest catchment experiment ‐ 80 years and counting
Authors: Slingsby Jasper A. , de Buys Abri , Simmers Adrian D. A. , Prinsloo Eric , Forsyth Greg G. , Glenday Julia , Allsopp Nicky
Published: February 2021

The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Station was established in the Mediterranean climate region of South Africa in 1935 to implement a multiple catchment experiment to determine the effects of afforestation on water yield. The experiment consists of six neighbouring catchments previously supporting indigenous fynbos shrublands, five of which were sequentially afforested with Pinus radiata plantations every 8 years from 1940 to 1980 and one kept as the control. They conclusively demonstrated a significant impact of afforestation on streamflow. The treatment catchments have seen subsequent plantation rotations since 1980 and rainfall and streamflow observations have been continued to date. Here we describe the site, experimental design, rainfall and streamflow records, instrumentation, and how to access the data. We also provide details of recently installed instrumentation, including full weather stations, fog gauges, and an eddy covariance flux tower. The Jonkershoek catchment experiment was the core of a globally significant interdisciplinary research programme (1935–1992) that shaped most environmental policies and practices relating to biodiversity, forestry, fire and water in South Africa and beyond. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) inherited the experiment in 2010 and is maintaining it as a long‐term eco‐hydrological research platform and global change observatory.
Tetracycline as an inhibitor to the SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhao Tom Y. , Patankar Neelesh A.
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains an extant threat against public health on a global scale. Cell infection begins when the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds with the human cell receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we address the role of tetracycline as an inhibitor for the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Targeted molecular investigation show that tetracycline binds more favorably to the RBD (−9.40 kcal/mol) compared to doxycycline (−8.08 kcal/mol), chloroquine (−6.31 kcal/mol), or gentamicin (−4.83 kcal/mol) while inhibiting attachment to ACE2 to a greater degree (binding efficiency of 2.98 kcal/(mol nm2) for tetracycline–RBD, 5.16 kcal/(mol nm2) for doxycycline–RBD, 5.59 kcal/(mol nm2) for chloroquine–RBD, and 7.02 kcal/(mol nm2) for gentamicin–RBD. Stronger inhibition by tetracycline is verified with nonequilibrium PMF calculations, for which the tetracycline–RBD complex exhibits the lowest free energy profile along the dissociation pathway from ACE2. Tetracycline binds to tyrosine and glycine residues on the viral contact interface that are known to modulate molecular recognition and bonding affinity. These RBD residues also engage in significant hydrogen bonding with the human receptor ACE2. The ability to preclude cell infection complements the anti‐inflammatory and cytokine suppressing capability of tetracycline; this may reduce the duration of ICU stays and mechanical ventilation induced by the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2.
A founder mutation in the PLPBP gene in families from Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean region affected by a pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy
Authors: Pal Maitou , Lace Baiba , Labrie Yvan , Laflamme Nathalie , Rioux Nadie , Setty Samarth Thonta , Dugas Marc‐Andre , Gosselin Louise , Droit Arnaud , Chrestian Nicolas , Rivest Serge
Published: February 2021

Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a relatively rare subgroup of epileptic disorders. They generally present in infancy as an early onset epileptic encephalopathy or seizures, refractory to standard treatments, with rapid and variable responses to vitamin B6 treatment. Whole exome sequencing of three unrelated families identified homozygous pathogenic mutation c.370_373del, p.Asp124fs in PLPBP gene in five persons. Haplotype analysis showed a single shared profile for the affected persons and their parents, leading to a hypothesis about founder effect of the mutation in Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean region of French Canadians. All affected probands also shared one single mitochondrial haplotype T2b3 and two rare variations in the mitochondrial genome m.801A>G and m.5166A>G suggesting that a single individual female introduced PLPBP mutation c.370_373del, p.Asp124fs in Quebec. The mutation p.Asp124fs causes a severe disease phenotype with delayed myelination and cortical/subcortical brain atrophy. The most noteworthy radiological finding in this Quebec founder mutation is the presence of the temporal cysts that can be used as a marker of the disease. Also, both patients, who are alive, had a history of prenatal supplements taken by their mothers as antiemetic medication with high doses of pyridoxine. In the context of suspected PDE in patients with neonatal refractory seizures, treatment with pyridoxine and/or Pyridoxal‐5‐phophate has to be started immediately and continued until the results of genetic analysis received. Even with early appropriate treatment, neurological outcome of our patient is still poor.
Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the HER2 phospho‐peptides
Authors: Tong Mingqiong , Liu Peng , Sun Wan , Liu Jing , Fan Na , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhang Zhongyu , Song Xinfeng , Lv Chao , Wang Yan
Published: February 2021

The specific regulation of PTPN18 protein to three HER2 phospho‐peptides has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The results revealed that the three HER2 phospho‐peptides binding to the PTPN18 catalytic domain is energetically favorable due to substrate specificity of PTPN18, and moreover, the PTPN18 protein have significantly higher affinity to pY1248 peptide (−45.22 kcal/mol) than that of pY1112 (−25.3 kcal/mol) and pY1196 (−31.86 kcal/mol) peptides. Further, the binding of HER2 phospho‐peptides to PTPN18 have also caused the closure of WPD‐loop with the decrease of the centroid distances between the P‐loop and the WPD loop. The WPD‐loop closure of PTPN18 relates directly to the new hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction formations between the residues Tyr62, Asp64, Val65, Ala231, Arg235, and Ala273 in PTPN18 and Tyr(PO3) in the HER2 phospho‐peptides, which suggests that these key residues would contribute to the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the substrates. The correlation analysis revealed the allosteric communication networks from the pY binding loop to the WPD loop through the structural change and the residue interactions in PTPN18. These results will be helpful to understand the specific regulation through the allosteric communication network in the PTPN18 catalytic domain.
Screening the Q‐markers of TCMs from RA rat plasma using UHPLC‐QTOF/MS technique for the comprehensive evaluation of Wu‐Wei‐Wen‐Tong Capsule
Authors: Jiang Hui , Liu Jian , Wang Yanling , Chen Leijing , Liu Hui , Wang Zhen , Wang Bin
Published: February 2021

The appropriate selection of quality marker (Q‐marker) for performing the comprehensive quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has much more significance. Wu‐Wei‐Wen‐Tong Capsule (WWWTC), a TCMs prescription, is mainly utilized to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, the comprehensive quality control for WWWTC has not been achieved because of lacking system analysis for the Q‐marker. In this study, a dual wavelength, 203 and 270 nm, was selected based on the feature of 15 Q‐markers, and a reliable UHPLC‐UV fingerprinting approach was established, achieving the comprehensive quality evaluation of WWWTC. First, we identified 91 prototypes in rat plasma after administering a set amount of WWWTC by using UHPLC‐QTOF/MS technique and selected them as the candidate Q‐markers. Next, based on the “five principles” of Q‐marker selection, 15 absorbed components among them including coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, and 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde derived from Monarch medicine of Cmnamomi Mmulus; epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside I, and anhydroicaritin derived from Monarch medicine Epimedii Folium; germacrone, the sesquiterpene compound in Minister medicine Rhizoma Wenyujin Concisum; pachymic acid, the tetracyclic triterpenoid acids in Assistant medicine Poria; baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside in Guide medicine Scutellariae Radix, respectively, were seriously chosen as the Q‐markers, indicating preferable pharmacological effect on RA, characterization of transitivity and traceability as well as measurable components in WWWTC. The effective and meaningful strategy displayed a unique perspective for the exploration of Q‐markers in the quality evaluation and further ensured efficacy and safety of the TCMs.
Clinical manifestation and phenotypic analysis of novel gene mutation in 28 Chinese children with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Xie Fei , Lei Lei , Cai Bin , Gan Lu , Gao Yu , Liu Xiaoying , Zhou Lin , Jiang Jinjin
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Objective to summarize the clinical features and laboratory findings of 28 Chinese children with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and analyze these mutations.

Method

Collected and analyzed the clinical data of all children and their parents, and completed the relevant laboratory examinations of all children. Analyzed the sequence of related genes by second‐generation sequencing technology, and verified the suspected mutations by Sanger sequencing method. Analyzed all biological information using the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database, the 1000 Human Genome Project, and the Exosome Aggregation Consortium.

Result

New mutations were detected in the HS coding region of 28 children. Among them, there were 13 cases (46.4%) with ANK1 mutation, 10 cases (35.7%) with SPTB mutation, three cases (10.7%) with SLC4A1 mutation, and two cases (7.2%) with SPTA1 mutation. All mutations cause amino acid changes in the coding gene, as well as subsequent changes in protein structure or loss of function.

Conclusion

All the newly discovered gene coding region mutation sites detected are the suspected pathogenic causes of the 28 Chinese children. At the same time, the second‐generation gene sequencing technology is an effective means to diagnose HS. Different mutation types and different mutation regions have no significant correlation with the severity of anemia. The novel gene mutation sites in 28 children studied in this paper have not yet been included in the human genome database, dbSNP (v138), or ExAC database. The new gene mutations found in HS children can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the genetic causes of HS in Chinese children.
Solving fractional Black–Scholes equation by using Boubaker functions
Authors: Khajehnasiri A.A. , Safavi M.
Published: February 2021

The fractional Black–Scholes pricing model widely appears in financial markets. This paper presents the special class of operational matrix to approximate the solution of fractional Black–Scholes equation based on the Boubaker polynomial functions. The Boubaker operational matrix of the fractional derivative converts the model to obtain the numerical solution of the time‐fractional Black–Scholes equation. The numerical results are displayed in some tables for better illustration with testing in some examples.
Printed concave‐like slot for bandwidth enhancement of inset‐fed patch antenna on metallic surfaces
Authors: Olokede Seyi Stephen , Deif Sameir , Daneshmand Mojgan
Published: February 2021

Abstracts

A rectangular patch antenna design with fundamental TM100 mode for on‐metal applications is presented. The patch is excited by an inset‐fed microstrip feedline and optimized for better performance by varying the inset‐fed parameters. The patch is then loaded with a circular slot of radius Ry at its center to create additional resonance at TM11 mode. The radius Ry is varied to elongate the circular slot into biconcave shape, to increase its electrical length. Thus, manipulating TM11 mode with respect to TM100 mode to achieve wideband by combining the two resonances using overlap technique. Equations of the resonance of the circular slot is stated and so is the surface area of the biconcave. The resulting antenna is etched on a 130 μm‐thick RO3003 microwave laminate and stamped on a metallic pipe cladding using the pipe as the metallic ground. The realized bandwidth is enhanced by 13% with reasonable achieved directivity. The simulated and measured results agreed reasonably with marginal discrepancy.
Diffusion interactions between crossing fibers of the brain
Authors: Buldyrev Sergey V. , Meng Xiangyi , Reese Timothy G. , Mortazavi Farzad , Rosene Douglas L. , Stanley H. Eugene , Wedeen Van J.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Recent observations of several preferred orientations of diffusion in deep white matter may indicate either (a) that axons in different directions are independently bundled in thick sheets and function noninteractively, or more interestingly, (b) that the axons are closely interwoven and would exhibit branching and sharp turns. This study aims to investigate whether the dependence of dMRI Q‐ball signal on the interpulse time can decode the smaller‐than‐voxel‐size brain structure, in particular, to distinguish scenarios (a) and (b).

Methods

High‐resolution Q‐ball images of a healthy brain taken with  s/mm2 for 3 different values of were analyzed. The exchange of water molecules between crossing fibers was characterized by the fourth Fourier coefficient of the signal profile in the plane of crossing. To interpret the empirical results, a model consisting of differently oriented parallel sheets of cylinders was developed. Diffusion of water molecules inside and outside cylinders was simulated by the Monte Carlo method.

Results

Simulations predict that , agreeing with the empirical results, must increase with for large b‐values, but may peak at a typical that depends on the thickness of the cylinder sheets for intermediate b‐values. Thus, the thickness of axon layers in voxels with 2 predominant orientations can be detected from empirical taken at smaller b‐values.

Conclusion

Based on the simulation results, recommendations are made on how to design a dMRI experiment with optimal b‐value and range of in order to measure the thickness of axon sheets in the white matter, hence to distinguish (a) and (b).
Research on global optimization method for multiple AGV collision avoidance in hybrid path
Authors: Cao Xiaohua , Zhu Meng
Published: February 2021

Due to the increasing number of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the multi‐AGV system and the limitation of working environment, path conflicts often occur in the working process of AGVs, which affects the working efficiency of the multi‐AGV system. Thus, a optimization method by arranging the AGVs' traffic sequence is proposed in this paper. First, an AGV working map is reconstructed with graph theory, and then the corresponding collision avoidance rules are formulated for different types of conflicts. In multi‐AGV system, each collision avoidance decision has an impact on the efficiency of the system, so it is crucial to adopt appropriate decisions. To optimize the decisions, the system fitness of different collision avoidance decisions are calculated based on the global state of the system, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the decisions. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm is improved by planning the direction of particle motion in the solution space and introducing mutation operation, so as to improve the search ability of the particle in the solution space. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm, an experiment system is built based on. NET platform. Results show that the IPSO algorithm than the traditional algorithms experimental performs better. The IPSO algorithm can effectively reduce congestion caused by path conflict and enhance the efficiency of the multi‐AGV system.
A systematic review of pharmacologic therapies for the cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kipke Jasmine , Birnkrant David J. , Jin Justin B. , Aneja Ashish , Bahler Robert C.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To perform a systematic review of studies evaluating pharmacologic therapies for the cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched through October 8, 2020. Articles were selected using pre‐determined criteria; 26 underwent detailed review by two co‐authors. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scoring system (NOS); GRADE assessment evaluated their overall clinical importance.

Results

There were few randomized controlled trials. Two of four trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or ACEI plus beta‐blockers (BB) found improved LV function. Two of two randomized trials of aldosterone antagonists (AA), when added to ACEI and BB therapy, demonstrated less decline of LV circumferential strain over 1 year of treatment. Observational studies of ACEI and BB had differing patient ages, symptomatology, cohort size, study duration and baseline heart function. LV function, assessed via unblinded imaging, was the most frequent outcome measure. LV dysfunction improved in some trials but was unconfirmed in others. Class IV heart failure patients had transient improvement of symptoms and LVEF. Most NOS scores reflected a low level of study quality. The Grade certainty rating, used for the summation of studies, was between “low” and “moderate.”

Conclusion

Randomized trial evidence was inconsistent that either ACEI or BB or their combination improve LV function and/or alter progressive LV dysfunction. When ACEI and BB therapy are initiated for symptomatic Class IV heart failure, symptoms and LVEF improve transiently. AAs retard the rate of decline of LV function when initiated in younger DMD patients.
Diagnosis and management of aspiration using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in a Pediatric Pulmonology Unit
Authors: Aguirregomezcorta Fernando R. , Osona Borja , Peña‐Zarza Jose A. , Gil Jose A. , Vetter‐Laracy Susanne , Frontera Guiem , Figuerola Joan , Bover‐Bauza Catalina
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives

Swallowing disorders lead to chronic lung aspiration. Early detection and treatment of aspiration in children with dysphagia are important to prevent lung damage. Diagnosis of aspiration, which may be silent, requires an instrumental study such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Despite its usefulness, it is rarely practiced by pediatric pulmonologists. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of FEES performed in the pediatric respiratory unit of a tertiary hospital, analyze the clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings and proposed treatments, and identify the factors associated with penetration or aspiration.

Methods

Medical records of 373 children with suspected aspiration who were referred to the pediatric respiratory unit for FEES were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, FEES findings, and the proposed treatments were analyzed.

Results

Laryngeal penetration/aspiration was seen in 47.9% of the patients. The most common associated conditions were neurological disease and prematurity. The most frequently observed endoscopic finding was altered laryngeal sensitivity (36.5%). Intervention was recommended in 54.2% of the patients. Complications were not seen during any of the procedures. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed an independent association between aspiration and alterations in laryngeal sensitivity (odds ratio [OR], 5.68), pharyngeal pooling (OR, 11.47), and post‐swallowing food residues (OR, 8.08).

Conclusions

The FEES procedure performed by pediatric pulmonologists is a reliable method for diagnosing aspiration in children. It can be safely executed by trained pulmonologists, and significant endoscopic signs other than aspiration can guide in the diagnosis and management recommendations.
The impact of thermal history on the structure of glycylalanylglycine ethanol/water gels
Authors: Thursch Lavenia J. , Lima Thamires A. , Schweitzer‐Stenner Reinhard , Alvarez Nicolas J.
Published: February 2021

This work revisits several open questions regarding the mechanisms of GAG fibril formation and structure as a function of temperature. The authors recently hypothesized that there is a solubility limit of GAG in ethanol/water that induces self‐assembly. In other words, not all peptides can participate in fibrillization and some fraction is still soluble in solution. We show via FTIR spectroscopy that, indeed, free peptides are still present in solution after fibril formation, strongly supporting the solubility model. Furthermore, previous work showed GAG self‐assembled into right‐handed (phase I) or left‐handed (phase II) chiral structures depending on temperature. In this study, we analyze the crystalline structure of phase I and II gels via WAXS and SAXS to compare their crystalline structures and order. Rheological measurements were used to investigate the response of the fibrillar network to temperature. They reveal that the ability of the peptide to self‐assemble depends on the solubility at a given temperature and not on thermal history. Furthermore, the gel softening point, the linear viscoelastic gel microstructure, and relaxation spectrum are very similar between phase I and phase II. Overall, the temperature only affects the chirality of the fibrils and the formation kinetics.
Natural closing of a tracheal tear caused by intubation in a patient with relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Handa Hiroshi , Azagami Shinya , Mineshita Masamichi
Published: February 2021

Key message

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) often develops into severe tracheobronchial stenosis with malacia. Although tracheal tears rarely occur by intubation, treatment decisions for tears can be difficult due to airway inflammation in RP patients. In this case, due to advanced age and immunosuppressive treatment, we decided against invasive surgery.
Total extractable phosphorus in flooded soil as affected by struvite and other fertilizer‐phosphorus sources
Authors: Anderson Ryder , Brye Kristofor R. , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Gbur Edward , Roberts Trent L.
Published: February 2021

A sustainable P source is imperative to ensure that food production can supply a growing global population. Wastewater‐recovered struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) has emerged as an attractive option because of the ability to recover P from waste streams. This study aimed to evaluate total extractable soil P from electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) compared with other fertilizer‐P sources [chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and rock phosphate] in two soil textures (two different silt loams and a silty clay loam) over time in a flooded soil environment. An equivalent fertilizer rate of 24.5 kg P ha–1 was used. The change in water‐soluble (WS) and Mehlich‐3 (M3)‐extractable nutrient concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) from their initial concentrations was determined five times over a 4‐mo period. After 0.5 mo, WS‐P increased the most from the initial value with DAP (27.6 mg kg–1), which did not differ from CPST or ECST. After 0.5 mo, M3‐P increased the most in ECST (82 mg kg–1), which did not differ from DAP. After 1 mo and thereafter under flooded conditions, M3‐P increased the most from the initial value and was similar among ECST, CPST, and DAP. After 3 and 4 mo, WS‐P was greater than the initial value in DAP only, but remained similar to CPST, ECST, and rock phosphate, which did not differ from the initial value. Comparable WS‐ and M3‐P concentrations among ECST, CPST, and DAP under flooded conditions support struvite's agronomic potential as a prospective sustainable fertilizer‐P source.