bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The function of astrocytes and their role in neurological diseases
Authors: Yuan Wen‐Qin , Huang Wei‐Peng , Jiang Yang‐Chao , Xu Hao , Duan Chong‐Shen , Chen Nai‐Hong , Liu Ying‐Jiao , Fu Xiao‐Mei
Published: October 2023

Astrocytes have countless links with neurons. Previously, astrocytes were only considered a scaffold of neurons; in fact, astrocytes perform a variety of functions, including providing support for neuronal structures and energy metabolism, offering isolation and protection and influencing the formation, function and elimination of synapses. Because of these functions, astrocytes play an critical role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The regulation of the secretiory factors, receptors, channels and pathways of astrocytes can effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of CNS diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease. The expression of aquaporin 4 in AS is directly related to NMO and indirectly involved in the clearance of Aβ and tau proteins in AD. Connexin 43 has a bidirectional effect on glutamate diffusion at different stages of stroke. Interestingly, astrocytes reduce the occurrence of PD through multiple effects such as secretion of related factors, mitochondrial autophagy and aquaporin 4. Therefore, this review is focused on the structure and function of astrocytes and the correlation between astrocytes and CNS diseases and drug treatment to explore the new functions of astrocytes with the astrocytes as the target. This, in turn, would provide a reference for the development of new drugs to protect neurons and promote the recovery of nerve function.
Arbitrage asymmetry, mispricing and the illiquidity premium
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zheng Lingling
Published: October 2023

Illiquid assets require a return premium; illiquidity is also a limit‐to‐arbitrage. We find that Amihud's illiquidity premium is significantly higher among underpriced stocks than among overpriced stocks. Excluding the most mispriced stocks leads to a higher and more reliably estimated illiquidity premium. Amihud's illiquidity measure is positively correlated with overpricing, consistent with arbitrage asymmetry, while inconsistent with Lou and Shu's contention that the return premium associated with the Amihud measure reflects mispricing rather than compensation for illiquidity. Our results demonstrate that it is important to account for their role as limits‐to‐arbitrage when evaluating the pricing of illiquidity measures.
Momma's larvae: Maternal oceanographic experience and larval size influence early survival of rockfishes
Authors: Fennie H. William , Ben‐Aderet Noah , Bograd Steven J. , Kwan Garfield T. , Santora Jarrod A. , Schroeder Isaac D. , Thompson Andrew R.
Published: October 2023

Identifying factors that affect larval mortality is critical for understanding the drivers of fish population dynamics. Although larval fish mortality is high, small changes in mortality rates can lead to large changes in recruitment. Recent studies suggest maternal provisioning can dramatically affect the susceptibility of larvae to starvation and predation, the major sources of early‐life mortality. We measured otolith core width‐at‐extrusion and validated that this is a proxy for larval size‐at‐extrusion for eight species of rockfishes (genus Sebastes) to examine the influence of initial larval size on larval growth and survival and to understand how oceanographic conditions experienced by gestating females affect larval size (i.e., quality). Otolith core width‐at‐extrusion was significantly positively related to larval rockfish recent growth rate (5/7 species with sufficient sample size) and survival (all eight species). This suggests that individuals that are larger at extrusion generally grow faster and are more likely to survive early life stages. Otolith core width‐at‐extrusion was positively related to higher presence of Pacific Subarctic Upper Water and was negatively related to warmer, saline waters at the depths gestating mothers inhabited during the months prior to larval collection. In addition, otolith core width was larger further from fishing ports, possibly because these locations were historically less fished, contained more older, larger females, and/or had inherently better habitat quality (higher Pacific Subarctic Upper Water) than sites closer to shore. These results indicate that the environmental conditions female rockfish experience during gestation drive the size of the larvae they produce and impact larval growth and survival.
Convergence points of optimal herbage accumulation and intake rate by sheep grazing tall fescue
Authors: Szymczak Leonardo Silvestri , de Moraes Anibal , Sulc Reuben Mark , Barker David , Monteiro Alda Lucia Gomes , Lang Claudete R. , Moraes Renata Franciéli , Lemaire Gilles , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César
Published: October 2023

Pasture management oriented towards sustainable intensification and stability of yield must consider the ideal balance between the mass of leaves removed by grazing and the mass left as residual. The former supports high animal production and the later supports an optimum soil–plant carbon balance. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal herbage level from both plant and animal perspectives, through the adjustment of instantaneous herbage accumulation rate as estimated by the Gompertz curve model and short‐term intake rate of sheep. Weekly tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) herbage accumulation was measured during seven growth periods with initiation dates in October, November and December 2015, and March, April, August and September 2016 and with the initiation dates arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Total herbage mass, leaf lamina mass, pseudo‐stem + sheath mass, senescent mass, and sward surface height were measured each week. The results demonstrated that a pre‐grazing sward surface height of 22.3 cm of tall fescue promoted the maximum short‐term intake rate of sheep and the optimum herbage accumulation rate in the spring and autumn periods. In general, the convergent point occurred after the maximum instantaneous leaf lamina accumulation rate and before the maximum instantaneous accumulation rate of pseudo‐stem + sheath and senescent material. We suggest the existence of a convergent point in which both primary and secondary production of pastoral ecosystems could be fostered.
Toward a more comprehensive shift‐share analysis: An illustration using regional data
Authors: Montanía Claudia V. , Márquez Miguel A. , Fernández‐Núñez Teresa , Hewings Geoffrey J. D.
Published: October 2023

Shift‐share analysis has been extensively used to investigate the different drivers of changes in socioeconomic variables in both spatial and non‐spatial contexts. This paper presents a comprehensive shift‐share formulation that, by considering all the possible interactions between the geographical and sectoral variables that interplay in a non‐spatial context, accounts for the intrinsic conditions of the regions that could affect the regional changes when spatial influences are not detected. The proposed technique is illustrated by analyzing the growth of industrial gross value added in the Spanish provinces between 2015 and 2019. Our results show the relevance of the intrinsic effects: the advantages (disadvantages) of the industrial sector within each province and the regional dynamism are important factors to explain the industrial changes in the Spanish regions. These findings provide evidence for the use of the comprehensive shift‐share as a tool that contribute to the regional analysis by identifying the characteristics of vulnerable regions that require further attention to avoid or lessen the effects of low economic growth.
My Wellbeing Journal: Development of a communication and goal‐setting tool to improve care for older adults with chronic conditions and multimorbidity
Authors: Lawless Michael T. , Archibald Mandy M. , Ambagtsheer Rachel C. , Pinero de Plaza Maria Alejandra , Kitson Alison L.
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic conditions and multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic conditions, are increasingly common in older adults. Effective management of chronic conditions and multimorbidity in older adults requires a collaborative and person‐centred approach that considers the individual's goals, preferences and priorities. However, ensuring high‐quality personalised care for older adults with multimorbidity can be challenging due to the complexity of their care needs, limited time and a lack of patient preparation to discuss their personal goals and preferences with their healthcare team.

Objective

To codesign a communication and goal‐setting tool, My Wellbeing Journal, to support personalised care planning for older adults with chronic conditions and multimorbidity.

Design

We drew on an experience‐based codesign approach to develop My Wellbeing Journal. This article reports on the final end‐user feedback, which was collected via an online survey with older adults and their carers.

Setting and Participants

Older adults with chronic conditions, multimorbidity and informal carers living in Australia. Personalised care planning was considered in the context of primary care.

Results

A total of 88 participants completed the online survey. The survey focused on participants' feedback on the tool in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction and errors encountered. This feedback resulted in modifications to My Wellbeing Journal, which can be used during clinical encounters to facilitate communication, goal setting and progress tracking.

Discussion and Conclusions

Clinicians and carers can use the tool to guide discussions with older adults about their care planning and help them set realistic goals that are meaningful to them. The findings of this study could be used to inform the development of recommendations for healthcare providers to implement person‐centred, goal‐oriented care for older adults with chronic conditions and multimorbidity.

Patient or Public Contribution

Older adults living with chronic conditions and multimorbidity and their carers have contributed to the development of a tool that has the potential to significantly enhance the experience of personalised care planning. Their direct involvement as collaborators has ensured that the tool is optimised to meet the standards of effectiveness and usability.
Detection of wildtype Merkel cell polyomavirus genomic sequence and VP1 transcription in a subset of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Kervarrec Thibault , Appenzeller Silke , Tallet Anne , Jullie Marie‐Laure , Sohier Pierre , Guillonneau Francois , Rütten Arno , Berthon Patricia , Le Corre Yannick , Hainaut‐Wierzbicka Ewa , Blom Astrid , Beneton Nathalie , Bens Guido , Nardin Charline , Aubin Francois , Dinulescu Monica , Visée Sebastien , Herfs Michael , Touzé Antoine , Guyétant Serge , Samimi Mahtab , Houben Roland , Schrama David
Published: October 2023

Aims

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is frequently caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Characteristic for these virus‐positive (VP) MCC is MCPyV integration into the host genome and truncation of the viral oncogene Large T antigen (LT), with full‐length LT expression considered as incompatible with MCC growth. Genetic analysis of a VP‐MCC/trichoblastoma combined tumour demonstrated that virus‐driven MCC can arise from an epithelial cell. Here we describe two further cases of VP‐MCC combined with an adnexal tumour, i.e. one trichoblastoma and one poroma.

Methods and results

Whole‐genome sequencing of MCC/trichoblastoma again provided evidence of a trichoblastoma‐derived MCC. Although an MCC‐typical LT‐truncating mutation was detected, we could not determine an integration site and we additionally detected a wildtype sequence encoding full‐length LT. Similarly, Sanger sequencing of the combined MCC/poroma revealed coding sequences for both truncated and full‐length LT. Moreover, in situ RNA hybridization demonstrated expression of a late region mRNA encoding the viral capsid protein VP1 in both combined as well as in a few cases of pure MCC.

Conclusion

The data presented here suggest the presence of wildtype MCPyV genomes and VP1 transcription in a subset of MCC.
Hygienic maintenance in patients with maxillae atrophy and in oncological patients with maxillary resection rehabilitated with zygomatic implants: A nested monocentric prospective cohort study
Authors: Pellegrino Gerardo , Bertacci Angelica , Relics Daniela , Ferri Agnese , Grande Francesco , Felice Pietro
Published: October 2023

Objective

To assess peri‐implant soft tissues condition, comparing clinical parameters of implants placed in patients with atrophic upper jaws and patients who underwent maxillary resection for oncological reasons.

Background

Zygomatic implants (ZIs) in oncologic patients could be affected by more complications compared to implants placed in atrophic maxillae. The soft tissue condition is an essential requirement for implant success, but few studies have investigated this topic.

Methods

A nested monocentric prospective parallel cohort (atrophic vs. oncological patients) study was performed. Clinical visits and professional hygiene sessions were performed every three months, and bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and implant mobility were recorded by a blind outcome assessor.

Results

In total, 77 ZIs placed in 21 patients were evaluated: 54 (70.1%) ZIs were inserted in patients belonging to the atrophic cohort (PAM) and 23 (29.9%) ZIs in the oncologic cohort (OP). The probability of having BOP at the considered mean follow‐up (27 months) was 24.8% (95% CI 19.0–31.9) for PAM and 22.9% (95% CI 15.1–33.9) OP. The mean PPD values were 2.78 ± 1.28 (range 1–8) in PAM and 2.91 ± 1.98 (range 0–10) in OP. None of the implants showed mobility. No associations between group belongingness and the entity of PPD, PI, GI and the risk of BOP were found, adjusting for the considered confounding factors (age, smoking and implant position).

Conclusions

Under a strict supportive hygiene therapy protocol ZIs in oncologic patients showed similar peri‐implant tissue conditions to that of patients with maxillary atrophy.
Study on the preparation of ceramic membrane support and its Fe migration rule by high‐aluminum fly ash as raw material
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Zhang Chao , Liu Xiuwu , Quan Liwei , Su Huhu , Hu Qi , Chen Xueqing
Published: October 2023

In order to reduce the cost of ceramic membrane support, ceramic membrane support was prepared using high‐aluminum fly ash as raw material, and its Fe migration rules during the preparation process are studied. The effects of sintering temperature, pore forming agent content, and binder content on the properties of support, such as porosity, pore size, bending strength and water flux have been investigated. The optimum contents of high‐aluminum fly ash, pore forming agent and binder in the ceramic membrane support are 95%, 4%, and 1% respectively, and its sintering temperature is 1300°C. The porosity, bending strength, pore size, and water flux of the prepared support are 37%, 22 MPa, 665 nm, and 2800 L/h·m2·MPa, respectively. X‐ray powder diffractometer, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, transmission electron microscope, spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the support and Fe existing morphology in it. The results show that the main phases of sintered support are mullite, corundum, and silica. Massive mullite is produced when the sintering temperature reaches 1200°C. The content of mullite increases with increasing sintering temperature. About 7.7 % content of total Fe in the support exists in the form of Fe2O3. About 92.3% content of total Fe is dissolved into mullite. Fe is evenly distributed in mullite, and it is enriched at the grain boundary by element segregation. Fe in mullite is difficult to dissolve under strong acid conditions, so its stability is very strong.
“Behind the Screen, I Still Care about my Students!”: Exploring the emotional labour of English language teachers in online teaching during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Honggang , Li Hanxi , Fang Fan
Published: October 2023

Foreign language teachers’ management of their emotional expression has a significant impact on their classroom teaching and professional development. As the demand for online education continues to grow, researchers are increasingly paying attention to the emotional situations of teachers in online teaching. However, there has been minimal research on secondary school English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic when online teaching became the norm. By combining two lines of investigation, namely, emotional labour and emotion regulation, this study aimed to explore the emotional labour of EFL teachers in online teaching during the pandemic. As a qualitative case study, this research recruited 12 secondary school EFL teachers as participants. Drawing from semi‐structured interviews and reflective journals, this paper revealed the nuanced dilemma of EFL teachers’ emotional labour, the emotional rules they followed and the emotional regulation strategies they applied in their online teaching. This study also explored the complexity of the online learning environment in relation to EFL teachers’ emotional labour and analysed the characteristics of teachers’ emotional labour in online teaching compared to face‐to‐face classroom teaching. The findings confirmed that the change in the teaching situation affected teachers’ emotional labour and underlined the importance of self‐emotional management. At the end, this paper called for more attention to the emotional demands of online teaching to cultivate an emotionally healthy environment for EFL teachers.
Genomic monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants using sentinel SARI hospital surveillance
Authors: Denayer Sarah , Dufrasne François E. , Monsieurs Bert , van Eycken Reinout , Houben Sarah , Seyler Lucie , Demuyser Thomas , van Nedervelde Els , Bourgeois Marc , Delaere Bénédicte , Magerman Koen , Jouck Door , Lissoir Bénédicte , Sion Catherine , Reynders Marijke , Petit Evelyn , Dauby Nicolas , Hainaut Marc , Laenen Lies , Maes Piet , Baele Guy , Dellicour Simon , Cuypers Lize , André Emmanuel , Couvreur Simon , Brondeel Ruben , Barbezange Cyril , Bossuyt Nathalie , van Gucht Steven
Published: October 2023

Background

To support the COVID‐19 pandemic response, many countries, including Belgium, implemented baseline genomic surveillance (BGS) programs aiming to early detect and characterize new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. In parallel, Belgium maintained a sentinel network of six hospitals that samples patients with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and integrated SARS‐CoV‐2 detection within a broader range of respiratory pathogens. We evaluate the ability of the SARI surveillance to monitor general trends and early signals of viral genetic evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 and compare it with the BGS as a reference model.

Methods

Nine‐hundred twenty‐five SARS‐CoV‐2 positive samples from patients fulfilling the Belgian SARI definition between January 2020 and December 2022 were sequenced using the ARTIC Network amplicon tiling approach on a MinION platform. Weekly variant of concern (VOC) proportions and types were compared to those that were circulating between 2021 and 2022, using 96,251 sequences of the BGS.

Results

SARI surveillance allowed timely detection of the Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5) and Delta (B.1.617.2) VOCs, with no to 2 weeks delay according to the start of their epidemic growth in the Belgian population. First detection of VOCs B.1.351 and P.1 took longer, but these remained minor in Belgium. Omicron BA.3 was never detected in SARI surveillance. Timeliness could not be evaluated for B.1.1.7, being already major at the start of the study period.

Conclusions

Genomic surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 using SARI sentinel surveillance has proven to accurately reflect VOCs detected in the population and provides a cost‐effective solution for long‐term genomic monitoring of circulating respiratory viruses.
Education policy reform and the impact of free preschool education on boys’ and girls’ reading competence
Authors: de Guevara Rodríguez María Ladrón , Lopez‐Agudo Luis Alejandro , Marcenaro‐Gutierrez Oscar David
Published: October 2023

Numerous authors have reported a positive relationship between preschool enrolment and academic performance in later years, even helping to reduce the academic gap existing between students from different socio‐economic backgrounds. In this context, this paper goes further by analysing the impact that early childhood education (from 3 to 6 years) has on Spanish boys’ and girls’ reading achievement when they are in fourth grade (10 years). For this purpose, we take advantage of the 2006 Spanish education reform that promoted free second stage preschool education by using data from Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2011 and 2016 and an instrumental variable approach, in order to get closer to causality than previous literature for Spain. We find that attending preschool has a positive influence on reading achievement, well above the impact found when using simple ordinary least squares estimates, being higher for girls than for boys.
A meta‐analysis of the risk factors of surgical site infection after hysterectomy for endometrial cancer
Authors: Yang Rong , Wang Lu , Shui ChengYu
Published: October 2023

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the common postoperative complications after hysterectomy for endometrial cancer (EC). Previous studies have investigated the risk factors for SSI in patients with EC. However, big differences in research results exist, and the correlation coefficients of different research results are quite different. A meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the risk factors related to SSI in patients with EC. We searched English databases to collect case–control studies or cohort studies published before July 20, 2023, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and ScienceDirect. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed via Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 tool. A total of 6 articles (n = 3647) were selected in this meta‐analysis. The following risk factors were presented to be significantly correlated with SSI in EC: laparotomy (OR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.57, 4.54]), postoperative blood sugar ≥10 mmol/L (OR = 4.38, 95% CI [2.83, 6.78]), Federation International of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage‐III or IV (OR = 2.27, 95% CI [1.49, 3.46]). The occurrence of SSI is influenced by a variety of factors. Thus, we should pay close attention to high‐risk subjects and take crucial targeted interventions to lower the SSI risk after hysterectomy. Owing to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to verify the conclusion.
Influence of temperature on rheological properties during early‐stage geopolymerization
Authors: Brandvold Allison S. , Kriven Waltraud M.
Published: October 2023

Metakaolin geopolymers have gained much interest as a large‐scale, 3D printable material. It is well known that increasing temperature can expedite the geopolymerization reaction, but little is known about how the temperature variability of the printing environment can influence the rheology of fresh geopolymer pastes. In this study, the influence of temperature on the viscosity of potassium geopolymer pastes was investigated under constant shearing at rates of 25, 50, or 100 s−1, yield stress measurements, and oscillatory motion. The temperature range examined was 5°C–55°C, in systematic 5°C increments. It was found that temperatures above 30°C resulted in lower starting viscosities compared to colder temperatures, but eventually exhibited an exponential increase in viscosity as the geopolymerization chemical reaction became dominate. In addition, a higher shear rate delayed, but did not stop, the exponential increase in viscosity from occurring. Yield stress values also reflected an upward trend with increasing temperatures after a 30‐min temperature soak. Lastly, oscillatory measurements indicated that viable printing times for 50°C or above were as little as 50–60 min total and were compared to Vicat needle testing. Overall, the influence of temperature on rheological properties could be used to manipulate the geopolymer viscosity for optimum printing conditions.
Chinese family care partners of older adults in Canada have grit: A qualitative study
Authors: Leung D. Y. L. , Lee C. T. , Chu S. Y. J. , Ng F. , Wen P. , Fan J. , Cheung D. S. K. , Seto Nielsen L. , Guruge S. , Wong J.
Published: October 2023

Aim

To explain the process taken by Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, to access health and social services in their communities. The research question was: What mechanisms and structures impact the agency of Chinese family care partners of older adults, in the process of assisting them to access health and social services?

Design

This qualitative study was informed by critical realism.

Methods

Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, were interviewed from August 2020 to June 2021. Transcripts underwent thematic analysis.

Findings

Twenty‐eight Chinese family care partners expressed a firm commitment to maintain caregiving conditions and to judiciously access health and social services. Their commitment was made up of three parts: (a) legislative and cultural norms of family, work, and society; (b) their perseverance to fill gaps with limited social and financial resources; (c) the quality of their relationship to, and illness trajectory of the older adults. The social structures created tension in how Chinese family care partners made decisions, negotiated resources, and ultimately monitored and coordinated timely access with older adults.

Conclusion

Participants' commitment and perseverance were conceptualized as “grit,” central to their agency to conform to legislative and cultural norms. Moreover, findings support grit's power to motivate and sustain family caregiving, in order for older adults to age in place as long as possible with finite resources.

Implications for the profession

This study highlights the importance of cultural awareness education for nurses, enabling continuity of care at a systems level and for a more resilient healthcare system.

Impact

Family care partners' grit may be crucial for nurses to harness when together, they face limited access to culturally appropriate health and social services in a system grounded in values of equity and inclusion, as in Canada.

Reporting method

When writing this manuscript, we adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Patient or public involvement and engagement

No patient or public involvement.
Incidence of overtriage and undertriage and associated factors: A cross‐sectional study using a secondary data analysis
Authors: Jung Sookyung , Yi Yeojin
Published: October 2023

Background

Improving triage accuracy for accurate patient identification and appropriate resource allocation is essential. Little is known about the trend of triage accuracy, and factors associated with mistriage vary from study to study.

Aim

To identify incidence and risk factors of mistriage, such as overtriage and undertriage.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The data came from the National Emergency Department Information System database in 2016–2020. All patients 15 years and older visiting emergency departments in Korea were assessed for eligibility, and 20,641,411 emergency patients' data were used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to confirm the associated factors with overtriage and undertriage compared to expected triage. Demographic characteristics, disease‐related signs and triage‐related factors were independent variables.

Results

Expected triage decreased from 96.8% in 2016 to 95.7% in 2020. Overtriage (0.5%–0.7%) and undertriage (2.4%–3.3%) increased. The occupation that performed triage the most (over 85%) was nurses. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics (40–64 age group, female), disease‐related signs (known disease, direct visit) and triage‐related factors (regional emergency medical centre). Risk factors to undertriage were disease‐related signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates within normal range).

Conclusions

While the acuity degree remained within the recommended range, the accuracy of triage decreased, and there was a gradual increase in mistriaged cases. Nurses have performed most of the triage and played a key role in expected triage. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics, disease‐related signs and triage‐related factors and risk factors to undertriage were disease‐related signs.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Implications for the profession

Nurses should be aware of what factors are associated with mistriage and why the factors cause mistriage to improve the triage accuracy because they are responsible for the majority of the triage assessments.
Cilia‐related diseases
Authors: Ren Zhanhong , Mao Xiaoxiao , Wang Siqi , Wang Xin
Published: October 2023

More and more attention is paid to diseases such as internal transfer and brain malformation which are caused by the abnormal morphogenesis of cilia. These cilia‐related diseases are divided into two categories: ciliopathy resulting from defects of primary cilia and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) caused by functional dysregulation of motile cilia. Cilia are widely distributed, and their related diseases can cover many human organs and tissues. Recent studies prove that primary cilia play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. However, molecular mechanisms of cilia‐related diseases remain elusive. Here, we reviewed recent research progresses on characteristics, molecular mechanisms and treatment methods of ciliopathy and PCD. Our review is beneficial to the further research on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of cilia‐related diseases.
Invasive bark beetle Dryocoetes himalayensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) – A threat for walnut trees (Juglans spp.) in Europe?
Authors: Kašák Josef , Holuša Otakar , Foit Jiří
Published: October 2023

As walnut trees (Juglans spp.) are of high economic importance, considerable attention has been given to invasive pests of these trees in Europe. In 2016, Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer, 1908, an alien bark beetle originating from the Himalayas region of India, already present in several European countries, was confirmed to have attacked walnut trees in the Czech Republic. Within the present study, we (i) surveyed the current distribution of D. himalayensis in the Czech Republic, (ii) examined D. himalayensis phenology by rearing it in trap logs, and (iii) investigated tree level habitat preferences of the species in two study stands with 180 black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees and 66 common walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees sampled. The present study documented the species to be relatively widespread in some warmer lowland regions of the Czech Republic (42 localities found) and to reach high abundance locally. Almost 15 thousand D. himalayensis individuals reared from the trap logs showed the species emerging throughout the whole vegetation period with a distinctive peak in June. Even though the species is able to develop in thin stems (diameter <5 cm), it is most numerous in thicker trunk bases and also preferably attacks trees of higher diameters. The species preferred common walnut trees (its native host) with decreased vitality. In contrast, black walnut trees (North American species) were attacked regardless of their vitality, but the vitality of occupied trees successively decreased. Based on our results, D. himalayensis should be assumed as a considerable pest of walnut trees (particularly black walnuts), which might become of significant importance in its European invasive range in the future, and thus substantial attention should be given to it.
Occurrence of salmonid alphavirus and piscine orthoreovirus‐1 infections in migrating salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolt in western Norway
Authors: Madhun Abdullah Sami , Nilsen Rune , Barlaup Bjørn T. , Karlsen Ørjan , Karlsbakk Egil
Published: October 2023

Viral diseases are a serious problem in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farming in Norway, often leading to reduced fish welfare and increased mortality. Disease outbreaks in salmon farms may lead to spread of viruses to the surrounding environment. There is a public concern that viral diseases may negatively affect the wild salmon populations. Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) caused by piscine orthoreovirus‐1 (PRV‐1) are common viral diseases in salmon farms in western Norway. In the current study, we investigated the occurrence of SAV and PRV‐1 infections in 651 migrating salmon post‐smolt collected from three fjord systems (Sognefjorden, Osterfjorden and Hardangerfjorden) located in western Norway in 2013 and 2014 by real‐time RT‐PCR. Of the collected post‐smolts, 303 were of wild origin and 348 were hatchery‐released. SAV was not detected in any of the tested post‐smolt, but PRV‐1 was detected in 4.6% of them. The Ct values of PRV‐1 positive fish were usually high (mean 32.0; range: 20.1–36.8). PRV‐1 prevalence in post‐smolts from the three fjords was 6.1% in Sognefjorden followed by 4.8% in Osterfjorden and 2.3% in Hardangerfjorden. The prevalence PRV‐1 was significantly higher in wild (6.9%) compared to hatchery‐released post‐smolt (2.6%). The occurrence of PRV‐1 infection in the fish was lowest in the Hardangerfjorden which has the highest fish farming intensity. Our results suggest that SAV infection are uncommon in migrating smolt while PRV‐1 infection can be detected at low level. These findings suggest that migrating smolts were at low risk from SAV or PRV‐1 released from salmon farms located in their migration routes in 2013 and 2014.
Comparison of clinical utility of deep learning‐based systems for small‐bowel capsule endoscopy reading
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Yamada Atsuo , Oka Shiro , Tsuboi Mayo , Kurokawa Ken , Togo Daichi , Tanino Fumiaki , Teshima Hajime , Saito Hiroaki , Suzuki Ryuta , Arai Junya , Abe Sohei , Kondo Ryo , Yamashita Aya , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Nakada Ayako , Niikura Ryota , Tsuji Yosuke , Hayakawa Yoku , Matsuda Tomoki , Nakahori Masato , Tanaka Shinji , Kato Yusuke , Tada Tomohiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim

Convolutional neural network (CNN) systems that automatically detect abnormalities from small‐bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) images are still experimental, and no studies have directly compared the clinical usefulness of different systems. We compared endoscopist readings using an existing and a novel CNN system in a real‐world SBCE setting.

Methods

Thirty‐six complete SBCE videos, including 43 abnormal lesions (18 mucosal breaks, 8 angioectasia, and 17 protruding lesions), were retrospectively prepared. Three reading processes were compared: (A) endoscopist readings without CNN screening, (B) endoscopist readings after an existing CNN screening, and (C) endoscopist readings after a novel CNN screening.

Results

The mean number of small‐bowel images was 14 747 per patient. Among these images, existing and novel CNN systems automatically captured 24.3% and 9.4% of the images, respectively. In this process, both systems extracted all 43 abnormal lesions. Next, we focused on the clinical usefulness. The detection rates of abnormalities by trainee endoscopists were not significantly different across the three processes: A, 77%; B, 67%; and C, 79%. The mean reading time of the trainees was the shortest during process C (10.1 min per patient), followed by processes B (23.1 min per patient) and A (33.6 min per patient). The mean psychological stress score while reading videos (scale, 1–5) was the lowest in process C (1.8) but was not significantly different between processes B (2.8) and A (3.2).

Conclusions

Our novel CNN system significantly reduced endoscopist reading time and psychological stress while maintaining the detectability of abnormalities. CNN performance directly affects clinical utility and should be carefully assessed.
Product repair in a circular economy: Exploring public repair behavior from a systems perspective
Authors: Parajuly Keshav , Green James , Richter Jessika , Johnson Michael , Rückschloss Jana , Peeters Jef , Kuehr Ruediger , Fitzpatrick Colin
Published: October 2023

Repair practices are driven not only by consumers’ internal motivation, but also by external infrastructural, social including cultural, financial, and political factors. We explore these factors with the goal of understanding the public repair of electrical and electronic products (e‐products) from a systems perspective to help devise appropriate change interventions. We document (a) behavioral aspects, (b) techno‐economic factors, and (c) intervention strategies aimed at promoting repair practices. To gauge this, a survey was administered among 922 volunteers across 14 countries with experience in repairing e‐products at public repair events. Findings suggest that while behavioral constructs including personal values, beliefs, and attitudes toward product repair are the main proximal drivers of intention to repair, the ability to repair plays an important role. Further, these individual factors are influenced by the techno‐economic settings such as access to repair services, economic benefits, and the ease of product repair stands out as the key enablers for product lifetime extension. As per intervention strategies, the results highlight economic incentives, regulatory requirements, and public awareness as the key drivers. However, influencing repair behavior directly may not always be the most effective strategy. New initiatives to improve involvement should focus on more repairable products, exploiting the innovative potentials of commercial as well as non‐profit repair initiatives, education, and supporting the development of skills among volunteer repairers.
Epigenetic clocks indicate that kidney transplantation and not dialysis mitigate the effects of renal ageing
Authors: Neytchev Ognian , Erlandsson Helen , Witasp Anna , Nordfors Louise , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Iseri Ken , Morohoshi Hokuto , Selman Colin , Ebert Thomas , Kublickiene Karolina , Stenvinkel Peter , Shiels Paul G.
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an age‐related disease that displays multiple features of accelerated ageing. It is currently unclear whether the two treatment options for end‐stage kidney disease (dialysis and kidney transplantation [KT]) ameliorate the accelerated uremic ageing process.

Methods

Data on clinical variables and blood DNA methylation (DNAm) from CKD stage G3–G5 patients were used to estimate biological age based on blood biomarkers (phenotypic age [PA], n = 333), skin autofluorescence (SAF age, n = 199) and DNAm (Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge clocks, n = 47). In the DNAm cohort, we also measured the change in biological age 1 year after the KT or initiation of dialysis. Healthy subjects recruited from the general population were included as controls.

Results

All three DNAm clocks indicated an increased biological age in CKD G5. However, PA and SAF age tended to produce implausibly large estimates of biological age in CKD G5. By contrast, DNAm age was 4.9 years (p = 0.005) higher in the transplantation group and 5.9 years (p = 0.001) higher in the dialysis group compared to controls. This age acceleration was significantly reduced 1 year after KT, but not after 1 year of dialysis.

Conclusions

Kidney failure patients displayed an increased biological age as estimated by DNAm clocks compared to population‐based controls. Our results suggest that KT, but not dialysis, partially reduces the age acceleration.
Lactational performance and nutrients digestibility response of dairy buffaloes fed diets supplemented with probiotic (Streptococcus spp.) and fibrolytic enzymes
Authors: Khattab Mostafa S. A. , Hassanein Hanan A. M. , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Sakr Abdelaziz M. , Hadhoud Fatma I. , Shreif Ebrahim Sh. Abo , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

The current study was conducted to explore the productive performance and health status of lactating buffaloes fed diets supplemented with probiotic and/or fibrolytic enzymes. Forty multiparous lactating Egyptian buffaloes (body weight 451 ± 8.5 kg) were equally assigned to four experimental groups: (1) the first group fed control diet, (2) second experimental group fed control diet plus 4 g of probiotic/kg dry matter (DM) (probiotic), (3) third experimental group fed control diet plus 4 g of fibrolytic enzymes/kg DM (enzymes) and (4) fourth experimental group fed control diet plus 2 g of probiotic + 2 g fibrolytic enzymes/kg DM (Mix), The experiment was extended for 63 days. Nutrients digestibility was estimated, daily milk yield was recorded and milk samples were analyzed for total solids, fat protein, lactose and ash. Blood serum samples were analyzed for glucose, total protein, albumin, urea‐N, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and cholesterol concentrations. Results showed that adding probiotic and/or fibrolytic enzymes improved nutrients digestibility (p < 0.05). The probiotic, enzymes and mix groups did not affect (p > 0.05) concentrations of serum total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and urea‐N concentrations. An improvement in daily milk yield (p < 0.0001) and energy‐corrected milk (p = 0.0146) were observed with the probiotic and mix groups compared with the control. In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing lactating buffaloes' diets with probiotic alone or in combination with fibrolytic enzymes would improve their productive performance without adversely impacting their health.
Biological variation of urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Duchateau Luc , Biscop Ann , Paepe Dominique
Published: October 2023

Background

Laboratory results are influenced by presence and severity of disease, as well as preanalytical factors, analytical variation, and biological variation. Biological variation data for urinary protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) and urine specific gravity (USG) in cats are lacking.

Objectives

Determine the biological variation of UPC and USG in cats.

Animals

Eighty healthy client‐owned cats.

Methods

Prospective study. Urine was collected on days 0, 14, and 56 from all 80 cats to investigate the persistence of borderline or overt proteinuria or suboptimal urine concentration. In 15 of these cats, urine was collected weekly from day 0 to 42 to calculate the index of individuality (II) and reference change value (RCV), and on days 56 and 57 to evaluate day‐to‐day variability of UPC and USG.

Results

Borderline or overt proteinuria (UPC ≥0.2) was present in 18/80 (23%) cats at baseline and persisted on 3 occasions in 2 months in 8/18 (44%) cats. Urine concentration was suboptimal at inclusion (USG <1.035) in 8/80 (10%) cats and at all 3 time points during 2 months in 3/8 (38%) cats. The II of UPC and USG indicated intermediate individuality. The 1‐sided RCV was 82% for UPC and 36% for USG. Proteinuria substage was identical on 2 consecutive days in 13/15 (87%) cats, and urine concentrating ability remained the same in all 15 cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

A >82% increase in UPC in a healthy cat is not solely attributable to physiological and analytical variation. For USG, a decrease of >36% is considered clinically relevant.
Zoonotic disease classification in wildlife: a theoretical framework for researchers
Authors: Keenan Sarah , Niedziela Dagmara , Morera‐Pujol Virginia , Franklin Danny , Murphy Kilian J. , Ciuti Simone , McMahon Barry J.
Published: October 2023

Classification systems are useful tools for aggregating diseases to study them in more detail. The most widespread system for the classification of human diseases is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD); however, the ICD was designed for use in health care and fails to capture many details of zoonotic diseases as a result.

We propose a framework for zoonotic disease classification which combines four known classification types (pathogen type, life cycle, transmission direction and ecosystem) into one systematic method. We chose to focus on four specific aspects to provide as broad an overview as possible of zoonoses, in order to inform the risk of transmission to humans.

This framework can be applied to the zoonoses occurring in any non‐human animal species and supports the generation of systematically collected empirical data that are useful for monitoring the spatio‐temporal dynamics of zoonoses.

To demonstrate the utility of our framework, we focus on six deer species that are widespread in Eurasia: red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, fallow deer Dama dama, sika deer Cervus nippon, Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis. We examined the worldwide occurrence and prevalence of zoonoses in these species through a scoping review of the literature.

Altogether, 996 records of zoonotic diseases in the six wild deer species, from 431 peer‐reviewed papers, and 120 zoonotic pathogens were found. Within deer populations, the most prevalent zoonoses were bacterial, while the most prevalent life cycles were metazoonoses. We also found that the most prevalent pathogens in deer were those with hosts capable of occupying sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic ecosystems.

Baseline data generated using our framework method can provide important starting points for making projections of human disease risk, assisting wildlife managers and policy‐makers in making wildlife management decisions, and assisting experts in the development of disease‐monitoring and management plans.