bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Before and after Universal Health Coverage in Indonesia
Authors: Anggriani Yusi , Purwanggana Agus , Restinia Mita
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study was carried out to analyze the impact of universal health coverage in Indonesia, known as Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) on percentage of patients who did fasting blood glucose (FBG) tests each hospital visit and clinical outcomes (CO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study to collect the data from 6-month before JKN and 1-year after JKN at 3 hospitals in Jakarta Province. All T2DM outpatients’ services using Asuransi Kesehatan (ASKES) with at least 6 hospital visits were included. The subject with double insurances and died before implementation of JKN were excluded. The clinical outcome before and after JKN were compared with Wilcoxon test.Results: Total samples that collected were 296 patients divided to predominance female with 166(56%) and male 125(44%). From the data, it seemed that there were no all patients who did FBG test. We founded 50% of patients had FBG test before JKN.  Meanwhile, the percentage at the beginning of JKN tended to be lower about 37% than before JKN. Number of patiens decreased associate with JKN but number of hospital visit increased. Based on FBG level, 17(9.19%) patients had better CO and this number increased slightly after JKN to 22(11.89%). In contrast, patients with worse FBG level decreased about 9%. More patients had bad stable and less patients had good stable FBG level. Statistical analysis showed that CO between before and after JKN had P value 0.404 among T2DM outpatients in Type A Hospitals and P value 0.877 in Type B Hospital.Conclusion: Implementation of JKN had impact to decrease percentage of patients who did FBG tests and number of patients but raised hospital visit. CO was different significantly between before and after JKN among T2DM outpatients in Type A Hospitals but was no different in Type B Hospital.Keywords: Universal health coverage, Clinical outcome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Fasting blood glucose.
ASSESSMENT OF EXTRAPULMONARY TOXICITY INDUCED BY CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOLLOWING INTRA-TRACHEAL INSTILLATION IN RATS
Authors: Angoth Bhikku , Lingabathula Harikiran , Yellu Narsimha Reddy
Published: May 2017

Objective: Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanofibres (CNFs), multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanorods (CNRs) were found various industrial and commercial applications. The occupational exposure for these CNMs were also increased enormously. The present study evaluated the extrapulmonary toxicity induced by these CNMs. Methods: The extrapulmonary toxicity was assessed following intratracheal instillation of test CNMs in rats after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post exposure periods by using serum biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine using diagnostic assay kits. Further, the histopathological analysis was performed for liver and kidneys of particle exposed rats.Results: The results have displayed that increased levels of serum ALT and creatinine were found after 1 day, 1 week and 1 month post exposure periods indicating liver and kidney toxicity respectively. This toxicity was further confirmed by the changes observed in the histopathological analysis of rat liver and kidneys.Conclusion: The CNFs, MWCNTs and CNRs able to translocate from the lungs into other extrapulmonary organs such as liver and kidney, and also cause dose dependent toxicity to them.
ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICATION ERRORS OF THE PATIENTS ADMITTED AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF A SOUTH INDIAN CITY
Authors: Narne Akhil , Thomas Preethi P , R Shivaraj D , Thomas Susmi Mariyam , Londhe Sushilkumar P
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE: The study was to assess, evaluate and analyze the medication errors of the patients admitted at the Emergency Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.METHODS: The study was conducted for 6 months. Data was collected from the patients  admitted in the Emergency Department. The collected data was analyzed to identify medication errors and prescription errors in emergency unit in hospital by using drug information tools like Micromedex, Drug interaction checker, Stockley drug interaction text, BNF, Journals with good impact factor etc.RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria in which 108 were males and 92 were females. 340 medication errors were obtained in 122 patients and 78 patients did not have any error. Medication errors were more commonly in the age group of 61-70 years (49%). In 340 medication errors, DDIs were the most (63.3%), followed by drug duplication (13.53%) and drugs given without indication (8.5%). In DDIs moderate interactions were the mostly seen error. On prescription analysis, drugs prescribed without strength (67.6%), omission error (16.4%), drugs prescribed without frequency (16%) was the most commonly seen. The most common pharmacological classification of drugs associated with medication errors were Antibiotics (25.6%), Anti-hypertensive drugs (13.65%) and Anti-platelet drugs (12.9%).CONCLUSION: Incidence of medication errors was mainly due to the use of Antibiotics. Due to the fast paced nature and overcrowding in ED, more number of prescription errors were obtained.KEYWORDS: Medication errors, Emergency department, Drug-drug interactions, Drug duplications.
STABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR IN STOMACH: FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF STABILIZED PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
Authors: Rathnanand Mahalaxmi
Published: May 2017

Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare a pantoprazole rosin complex tablet which would stabilize the drug in the mild acidic condition (pH 5) of the stomach during the fed state.Methods: The method of slow solvent evaporation and anti-solvent was used for the preparation of pantoprazole rosin complex.Results: The prepared pantoprazole rosin complex exhibited decreased solubility than that of pure drug. FTIR and DSC studies confirmed the formation of a complex between the pantoprazole sodium and rosin via weak ionic bonds. The in-vitro release studies of the pantoprazole rosin complex showed more than 80% release at the end of 90 minutes. Tablets were formulated using direct compression method and the prepared tablets were evaluated in-vitro. The tablets were found to be within official limits with respect to hardness, weight variation, drug content, friability etc.Conclusion: The tablet formulated with croscarmellose sodium as super disintegrant showed 97% drug release within 60 minutes. The optimized tablets were found to be stable in accelerated study conditions for a period of 1 month with respect to physical characteristics and drug content. If this process can be scaled up to manufacturing level, this technique has the potential to develop into an invaluable technology in future.
ASSESSMENT AND UTILIZATION OF DRUG INFORMATION SERVICES AND CREATING AWARENESS FOR ENHANCED UTILIZATION OF DRUG INFORMATION CENTRE IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Peter Ann Varsha , Murali Anusha , Tomy Tilu , Londhe Sushilkumar Prabhakar
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the utilization of drug information services and create awareness for enhanced utilization of drug information centre in the hospital.Methodology: A retro-prospective observational study conducted from September 2015 to February 2016. The data obtained from DI request, documentation and feedback forms are analyzed for the parameters such as professional status of enquirer, mode of receipt of query, purpose of enquiry, time frame to reply and references used. Awareness about drug information services was created in the hospital by circulating brochures and interacting with healthcare professionals.Result: A total of 943 queries were retrospectively analysed. Most of the queries obtained from PG/intern (50.27%), during ward rounds (57.48%) and asked for updating knowledge (76.35%). Frequently asked questions were about indications of drugs (18.60%). Mostly answers given as printed (66.70%), replied within a day (46.45%) by using Micromedex (54.72%). Majority of the enquirers rated the DI services as good (54.93%).A total of 394 queries were prospectively analysed. Most of the queries obtained from physicians (42.23%), during ward rounds (59.89%) and asked for updating knowledge (49.49%). Frequently asked questions were about ADRs (21.28%). The mode of reply for the queries given mostly in printed format (41.14%), replied within 2-4hrs (33.75%) by using Micromedex (40.56%). Majority of the enquirers rated the DI services as good (46.98%).Conclusion: The drug information services provided were useful to various healthcare professionals to maintain rational drug therapy by giving unbiased and well-reviewed information.Keywords: Drug information centre, Drug information service, DI query, Micromedex.
“AGGRESSIVE” CLEAR CELL CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE HARD PALATE
Authors: Bhandarkar Ajay M , Ramaswamy Balakrishnan
Published: May 2017

Chondrosarcomas constitute 1 to 3% of all head and neck tumours. 2% of all chondrosarcomas are of the “clear cell” variety which follow a locally aggressive, relatively indolent course without predominant invasion of soft tissue. We present a 45-year-old woman presented with a bleeding mass in the oral cavity with change of voice of one year duration with pain of one month duration and histopathological analysis revealed a clear cell chondrosarcoma.
Risk factor assessment for acne vulgaris in human and implications for public health interventions in north central India: A survey based study
Authors: Dikshit Anupam , Qidwai Afifa , Pandey Manisha , Shukla Shashi Kant , Kumar Rajesh , Pandey Anand
Published: May 2017

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common dermatological problem of adolescence since the time immemorial. However, it is neither life threatening nor is a physical disability, but acne affects social and psychological functioning. Acne vulgaris is multifactorial, apart from basic factor of hormonal change and bacterial outbreak; there are several other factors that may influence the prevalence of acne.Methods: In the present study, populations were assessed for influence of various factors on acne prevalence. This cross-sectional study was a population based field study intending to discern the factors that influence the prevalence of acne in adolescents. The study carried out from April 2016 to October 2016 in north central India. For this survey, questionnaires were design to cover all the required information regarding occurrence of acne that include factors like gender, age, skin type, complexion, season of occurrence, dietary habit etc.Results: Acne vulgaris appears to be influenced by gender, age, seasonal variations, breakout area, complexion, skin types and dietary habits. Further, the influence of dietary habit on acne, by the consumption of dairy products or high-carbon diet has also been evaluated. Apart from depicting the vulnerable range of age (p=0.003288), sensitivity on various skin types (p=0.00039) and complexion (p=0.001355) on the basis of gender; This Field study on Acne Vulgaris, also reveals that the season has inordinate role in acne pervasiveness (p=0.115731).Conclusion: This study is helpful in categorizing the risk factors and evidencing the afflictions of acne in population thus, contributing health care planning. Keywords: Acne, Prevalence, Risk factors, Post management.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR RITONAVIR TABLETS USING NATURAL POLYMERS
Authors: Chukka Saritha
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study involves preparation and evaluation of floating tablets of ritonavir for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation of gastric residence time.Ritonavir is an antiretroviral agent used in treatment of HIV and viral diseases has been taken as a model drug in the present investigation because of its low biological half life (3-5h). Moreover it is primarily absorbed from stomach. Materials and Methods: Ritonavir floating tablets were prepared by the dry granulation technique, using guar gum and xanthan gum as polymers, sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agent, PVP as binding agent, Di calcium phosphate as diluents, Crospovidone as swelling agent and magnesium stearate as lubricant. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters. Results: Drug-excipient interaction studies were conducted by FTIR and DSC. The results suggested that there was no incompatibility between the drug and polymers. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their physical characteristics. All the parameters were within the pharmacopoeial limits.  Further, tablets were also studied for their floating properties and in vitro drug release characteristics. The tablets exhibited controlled and prolonged drug release profiles. The developed formulation was found to be stable. Conclusion: The developed floating tablets of ritonavir exhibit prolonged release upto 12 h, and thus may improve bioavailability and minimize fluctuations in plasma drug concentrations. Key words: Ritonavir, floating tablets, gastric residence time, gastroretentive drug delivery system
ZIKA VIRUS SERENE PROTEASE COMPLEX (NS2B-NS3) INHIBITION BY 2-AMINO-5-{[(1Z)-AMINO({[(Z)-BENZOYL]IMINO})METHYL]AMINO}-N-(5-AMINO-7-{[CARBAMOYL(PHENYL)METHYL]AMINO}-6-OXOHEPTYL)PENTANAMIDE, IN SILICO STUDIES
Authors: Singh Kalpana Virendra , Merugu Ramchander , Solanki Jeeven Singh
Published: May 2017

Objective: The present in silico study is taken to report 2-amino-5-{[(1Z) -amino ({[(Z) -benzoyl] imino}) methyl] amino} -N-(5-amino-7-{[carbamoyl (phenyl) methyl] amino} -6-oxoheptyl) pentanamide as Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor.Methods: In silico studies performed on online docking servers. NS2B-NS3 serine protease from ZIKV with PDB ID: 5GJ4 a hydrolase with total structure weight of 102878.54 is selected as the target. Docking server is used for carrying out docking calculations. Lamarckian genetic algorithm and the Solis and Wets local search methods are used for performing docking simulations. Free energy calculations, hydrogen bond (HB) formation, polar and hydrophobic interactions and HB plot are studied in this study.Results: Binding pocket is found on a serine protease NS2B chain A. Binding site predictions propose NKK as the suitable ligand for binding, which has structure closely related to the proposed ligand2-amino-5-{[(1Z) -amino ({[(Z) -benzoyl] imino}) methyl] amino} -N-(5-amino-7-{[carbamoyl (phenyl) methyl] amino} -6-oxoheptyl) pentanamide. Free energy of binding is - 4.08 kcal/Mol and inhibition constant (Ki) is very less 1.02 mm. The ligand binds to chain A of NS2B and chain B of NS3 serine protease. The legend is bound to serine protease complex through strong HB, formed between THR 60 (A) and N6 of ligand, GLU62 (A) and N8 of ligand, ARG 55 (A) and N3 of ligand and ASN108 (B) and N7 of ligand apart from polar and hydrophobic interactions.Conclusion: Docking studies performed establishes the proposed ligand2-amino-5-{[(1Z)-amino ({[(Z)-benzoyl] imino}) methyl] amino} -N-(5- amino-7-{[carbamoyl (phenyl) methyl] amino}-6-oxoheptyl) pentanamide as a molecule which can be used for the inhibition of ZIKV NS2B-NS3 serine protease.Keywords: Zika virus, NS2B-NS3 protease, Inhibition, In silico.
Urinary Tract Infection: Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: L Panayappan
Published: May 2017

Objectives: The purpose of Drug Utilization Review is to ensure drugs are used appropriately, safely and effectively to improve patient health status.  The use of drugs in appropriate, safe and effective manner would decrease the treatment cost for the patients. Urinary Tract infection is most common and can lead to secondary infections.  So continuous analysis of prescribing pattern in urinary tract infection is a vital one. To find out the various risk factors of urinary tract infection. To study the Prescribing pattern and rational use of Antibiotics in UTI Patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in 100 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital, by collecting patient data from the medical records of patients from General Medicine Department.Results: Analysis of prescribed drugs revealed that use of antibiotics like Ceftriaxone (35%) and Amikacin (22%) were significantly higher than other drugs prescribed such as Ciprofloxacin (16%), Nitrofurantoin (15%), Ofloxacin (5%), Cefixime (3%), Moxifloxacin (2%) and Clarithromycin (2%). Culture sensitivity test was done only in 30% of the total cases (100) for which empirical treatment had to be applied rather than specific antibiotic treatment. The most common isolated organisms were E.coli (60%),Proteus (20%), Klebsiella (13.33%) and Psedomonas (6.66%).Conclusion: Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides and Quinolones were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in this study. Present findings together with previous ones are suggestive the need of periodic monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates to provide effective treatment.Keywords: Antibiotics, Prescription, Bacterial infection.
GEMCITABINE INDUCED DROP IN PLATELET COUNTS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Rose Thomson Sereen , Patil Navin
Published: May 2017

Chemotherapy with anticancer drugs is known to be beneficial, but like a double-edged sword it as its own demerits in form of adverse effects. Cancer chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia is troublesome and platin based regimens namely Carboplatin and Cisplatin is known to cause it very commonly. Gemcitabine, in combination with platinum compounds is known to cause severe thrombocytopenia. Hence, we report a case of thrombocytopenia induced by Gemcitabine when used as single agent in treatment of ovarian cancer.KEYWORDS:Gemcitabine hydrochloride, Thrombocytopenia, Naranjo’s scale, Solid organ tumors.
NANOEMULSIONS FOR PROSTRATE CANCER THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: P Manikandan , R Sundara Ganapathy
Published: May 2017

The objective of this review is to focus the inferences of low/poor bioavailability and lack of dose proportionality for the oral delivery of drugs in prostatecancer therapy. To overcome such problems, various formulation strategies has been reported including various methods for the use of surfactants,cyclodextrins, solid dispersions, micronization, permeation enhancers, and lipids. Flutamide is an antiandrogen drug and used for the therapy of prostate cancer. The flutamide drug is having limited clinical application due to its poor water solubility and needs enhancement of its dissolution rate in simulated gastric fluids. The lipid-based formulations such as nanoemulsion have been shown to improve the solubility and oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. To conclude, this article emphasizes the various approaches of nanoemulsion based formulation for prostate cancer therapy.Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Prostate cancer, Flutamide, Antiandrogen drug, Lipophilic drugs.
Comparative phytochemical analysis of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees: Implications on attenuation of pro-oxidants and pathogen virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans model system
Authors: Suchiang Kitlangki , Kayde Nitasha H
Published: May 2017

Background: Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (P. thyrsiflorus) of Acanthaceae family is endogenous to sub-tropical Himalayas. It has been reported to be used traditionally in Jaintia tribe of Meghalaya, India for treatment of many ailments.Objectives: The aim was to detect the active compounds present in the leaves for evaluation of in vitro free radicals scavenging potentials. Leaves protective actions in vivo will be investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system utilizing wild type and mutant strains and the phenomena of host-pathogens interactions.Materials and methods: Gas chromatography/ Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for detection of different compounds present. The versatility of leaf extracts to scavenge different free radicals generated in vitro was assessed with different in vitro methods. Survival analysis of wild type and mutant strains C. elegans under enhanced pro-oxidants exposure was investigated in vivo. Fast killing assay was also performed to study the extracts modulatory activity on host C. elegans survival under pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Results:  Forty compounds were detected in methanolic fraction of the extract with variable percentages. Both aqueous and methanol extract possessed remarkable, versatile free radical scavenging activity irrespective of the types of free radical generated. The in vivo experiments are in compliance, with observable increased survival ability percentage of C. elegans under intense exogenous oxidative stress and pathogen infection.Conclusion: Our findings enlightened the different compounds present with versatility of P. thyrsiflorus in tackling different free radicals generated both in vitro and in vivo that highly support for its candidature as a good antioxidant source. Our findings may justify the historical relevance of this plant in herbal remedies that could form the basis for inquiry of new active principles.Keywords: Free radicals, Oxidative stress, Caenorhabditis elegans, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Phytochemicals
L-ASPARAGINASE INDUCED HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Patil Navin
Published: May 2017

Anticancer therapy is always known to cause various side effects. L-asparaginase used in the treatment of adult T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia is anovel class of drug, an enzyme produced from plants as well as microorganisms except human. It is known to cause various adverse reactions including life-threatening neurological complications and thrombotic disorders. Hence, we report a case of hypofibrinogenemia associated with L-asparaginase in a patient treated for T-cell adult lymphoblastic leukemia.Keywords: L-asparaginase, Hypofibrinogenemia, Adverse effect, Leukemia.
MANAGEMENT OF DEPRESSION IN TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS – A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: O Balaji , Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady , Nayak Veena
Published: May 2017

Depression is a well-recognized risk factor for shortened life span from cancer. Depression is among the main causes of disability in the world leadingto increased suffering and mortality. As per research surveys over the years, prevalence among cancer patients varies widely from 3% to 38% formajor depression and 1.5-52% for depression spectrum syndromes. The need of the hour is to effectively treat depression in cancer patients so thatthe quality of life can be improved and thereby patient survival. Both psychological and pharmacological interventions and the combination of bothvery much effective in treating depression in cancer patients. A broad range of therapies now exist, and the art of such therapy is the strategic selectionof components from several models to best respond to the needs of the individual patient and his/her family in the specific circumstances, whetherclinical, psychological, spiritual, or social.Keywords: Depression, Tricyclic anti-depressants, Psychotherapy, Adverse effects.
ETHNOBOTANICAL AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF PISONIA ALBA SPAN
Authors: V Tamizhazhagan , Pugazhendy K
Published: May 2017

Pisonia alba is used for the long period in various chronic diseases in traditional medicine use. To desire of this review is to search literature for the pharmacological properties toxicity studies, pharmacology studies and phytochemical exploration of anti-inflammation, antidiabetic studies,antioxidant, etc., and the amassed data may be helpful for the researchers to attention on the significance areas of research yet to be revealed. Widespread information about the plant has been together from various books, journals and ayurvedic classical texts, etc. Researcher and pharmacologist and Ayurveda treatment may be helpful security of the whole plant was settled in the criticism.Keywords: Pisonia alba, Antioxidant, Ayurvedic, Novel drug, Ethno botanical.
“In Silico Metabolic Pathway Analysis and Docking Analysis of Treponema Pallidum Subs. Pallidum Nichols for Potential Drug Targets”
Authors: Mahendran Radha
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochaete, Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum nichols. In this study, a comparative metabolic pathway analysis and molecular docking was performed to identify putative drug targets.Methods: The biochemical pathways of Treponema pallidum subs. pallidum nichols and Homo sapiens were compared using KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway. The amino acid sequence of the selected enzymes were retrieved and Blastp was performed. Out of 9 enzymes, enolase was modeled using ModWeb and the structure was validated using RAMPAGE. The active sites were identified using Metapocket 2.0 and further docked using AutoDock 4.2.Results: The enzymes which were not similar to that of Homo sapiens were filtered out as potential drug targets. A total of 9 enzymes were retrieved which were present only in the Treponema pallidum subs. pallidum nichols. The structure obtained from Homology modeling was validated and further active sites were predicted. The docking analysis results showed the interaction between enolase and doxycycline and the structures were obtained using PyMol.Conclusion: Through this study, doxycycline which has antibacterial effect and a derivative of tetracycline could be one of the potential ligands. Keywords: Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, KEGG, Blastp, metabolic pathway, Homology Modeling, DockingREVIEWERSProf.G.SHOBA,Bioinformatics Department      Dr.M.G.R Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women      University of Madras      Shobabio08@gmail.com      Phone: 9094009791 2. Prof .VINOTH,Biotechnology & Bioinformatics DepartmentHindustan University,Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103                  vinobioinfo@gmail.com                 Phone - + 91 97895 95766
AN UPDATE ON COAGULATING GLAND RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-PROSTAGLANDIN SYSTEM: A NEW HYPOTHESIS ON ITS RENIN FUNCTION
Authors: Sengupta Pallav
Published: May 2017

After proper description of reproductive functions of rodent anterior prostate, coagulating gland (CG), by Moore and Gallagher in 1930, numerous papers have been published on this gland and its function in male fertility. It has also been known that it has a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). But, the actual function of this system is not very clear, and even now-a-days, this gland is getting ignored in reproductive physiology research. Thus, this review article attempts to unearth the reproductive functions of this gland, with a hypothetical mechanism of CG renin function. We have reviewed the available literature published on this gland and correlated the fragmented information to unveil its importance. We have proposed a hypothetical mechanism (aided by self-designed schemes) of CG renin function along with its functional and structural aspects in reproductive physiology. Despite being ignored in modern research, CG has a very significant function in rodent reproduction and breeding. It has also a very significant role in regulation of local homeostasis by renin-angiotensin-prostaglandin system.Key words:laboratory rat; mice; accessory sex organs; coagulating gland; renin
UV-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR QUANTIFICATION OF BESIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Saha Bijit
Published: May 2017

Objectives: The objective of the present investigation was to develope and validates a new, rapid, accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantification of Besifloxacin Hydrochloride.Methods: Isocratic UV-HPLC separation was performed using a Zodiac C18 (150 X 4.6 mm) column, with 150 volume of Acetonitrile and 350 mL of Methanol in 500 mL buffer as mobile phase at a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 295nm..Results: The sample found stable for 24 hours in analyte solution and compatible with nylon filter. The Beer’s law plots were found to be linear over the concentration range 70% to 130% with a correlation coefficient (r2) 0.9999 in diluent, phosphate buffer and simulated tear media. The %RSD was found less than 2% shows good precision, acceptable accuracy and reproducibility of the new method for the determination of Besifloxacin Hydrochloride.Conclusion: The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method is accurate and can be applied for qualitative analysis of Besifloxacin Hydrochloride in bulk drug and in formulation.Keywords: Besifloxacin hydrochloride, High performance liquid chromatographic, Stress testing, Validation, Linearity, Accuracy, Precision.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINESIS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ESTIMATION AGAINST NINE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Tyagi Shruti
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study demonstates  a simple, cost effective protocol  for biosynthesis of stable silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis and their comparison by applying antibacterial activities against nine pathogenic bacterial species.Methods: Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles were biosynthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis were characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy, FTIR and TEM. The antibacterial activities  of AgNPs  and AuNPs were evaluated against  9 pathogenic bacterial species  Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogens, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Synthesized AgNPs  were obtained in 13.01 to 28.14 nm size range, while AuNPs were in  6.32 to 18.19 nm size range. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicates  that the AuNPs are bound to amine groups and the AgNPs to carboxylate ion groups. The antibacterial activities  of AgNPs,  the zone of inhibition significantly increased with the  increases of concentrations of AgNPs in all pathogenic bacterial species  except  in the case of S. epidermidis at 50%, S. aerogenes and A. hydrophila at 70%, while in case of AuNPs antibacterial activity  was displayed  only against B. subtilis at 20% and 100% concentration.Conclusion: This study suggests that AgNPs exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria as compared to AuNPs synthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinensis leaf extract and insights to their potential applicability as an alternative antibacterial  agent in microbial and human health system to reduce the resistance ability of pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: silver nanoparticles; gold  nanoparticles; UV–VIS spectroscopy; FTIR; TEM; antibacterial activities.
NANO FORMULATION ANALYSIS: ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF ISONIAZID AND SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ANTI-TUBERCULAR DRUGS ISONIAZID AND RIFAMPICIN BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Hakkimane Sushruta S , Guru Bharath Raja
Published: May 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a simple and reproducible reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) method for hydrophilic drug isoniazid (INH) to apply for the analysis of the INH in nanoparticle drug formulations. Furthermore, to estimate simultaneously rifampicin (RIF) and INH in combined form.Methods: Isocratic elution with 10 minutes runtime on a C-18 Luna, 5 μ, 100Å, 150 mm column, methanol, and water as mobile phase with detection wavelength at 268 nm was used. INH nanoformulations were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Quantitative analysis of encapsulated drug was estimated via developed RP-HPLC method. Simultaneous estimation for the two drugs was carried out by gradient elution. All chromatographic separation and estimations were obtained on Shimadzu HPLC system.Results: INH eluted with a short retention time (RT) of 4.06 minutes. Method showed good linearity in the range of concentrations 0.01-100 μg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for INH was 0.03 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively, and developed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of drugs in nanoparticle formulations. Simultaneous estimation of antitubercular drugs INH and RIF showed two separate peaks within specified runtime.Conclusion: Developed method showed good resolved peaks. Since the RT is short, in a shorter duration more samples could be completed and developed method will be easy for analyzing greater number of samples. Analysis of nanoformulation results have shown that this method is simple, reliable, reproducible, hence can be applied for drug delivery analysis.Keywords: Antitubercular drugs, Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, Analytical method development.
IMPACT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DM AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: George Ajin K , V.g Jewel , Manohar Meenu , Kumar Sarath P , J Muneerudeen
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of counselling in terms of KAP outcomes.MethodologyA randomized prospective controlled study was conducted for a period of 6 months in the General Medicine OPD of SSIMS & RC. Patients enrolled were randomized into test and control groups. Suitably designed and validated KAP Questionnaire was applied at baseline and final follow up for both groups. Results  At the end of the study, knowledge and attitude levels were markedly improved in test group patients. The FBS of the patients in the test group were found to be significant (p<0.00) when compared from baseline to second assessement whereas in control group no significant changes were observed (*p> 0.05).ConclusionThe study concluded that the improved knowledge and attitude clearly indicates the benefits of pharmacist provided counselling, although they did not translate into improved practice outcomes. The study observed that, hospital pharmacists can play a key role in management of DM and patient care.KEYWORDS: KAP, Patient counselling, Type 2 DM.
THE SALIVARY BONE SPESIFIC ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN RELATION TO PUBERTAL GROWTH PHASE IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN
Authors: Wijaya Harryanto , Kusdhany Lindawati Soetanto , Redjeki Sri , Soegiharto Benny Mulyono
Published: May 2017

Objective: To evaluate the level of salivary Bone specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) during the pubertal growth phases in Indonesian Children.Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 64 boys and 72 girls who were age group of 8 – 18 years old were randomly selected. Salivary BALP level was estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) commercial kits and pubertal growth phase were assessed using Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method according to Baccetti. Mean salivary BALP were compared based on pubertal growth groups by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test.Results: Test revealed no significant differences between groups with p value 0.312. The highest mean of salivary BALP level was found in the pre peak pubertal growth phase (CVM stage 1-2) and the lowest one was detected in the post peak pubertal growth phase (CVM stage 5-6).Conclusion: The using of salivary BALP as a biomarker for pubertal growth prediction is questionable.Keywords: Salivary, Bone specific Alkaline Phosphatase, Pubertal growth, Cervical Vertebral Maturation.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM READY TO EAT FOOD IN LUDHIANA
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Op Jangir
Published: May 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the enteropathogenic bacteria from the most common street food sold in Ludhiana at differentplaces.Methods: A total of 90 samples of street food samples were randomly collected from four locations of Ludhiana. Samples investigated for the presence of bacteria using appropriate selective and differential culture media. The spread plate technique was used to analyze the samples.Results: A total of 90 samples were analyzed, and the total viable counts of the bacterial population in all food samples were in the range of2.0 × 103 to 1.8 × 106 CFU/g. The nonvegetarian food samples recorded the 1.8 × 106 CFU/g; however, other street foods also have highest total viablemicrobial count 1.1 × 106 CFU/g. The total coliform count ranged from 1.9 × 103 to 9.4 × 105 CFU/g, and pani-puri has significant count. The range ofStaphylococci count was 1.9 × 103 to 5.3 × 103 CFU/g, chicken tandoori sample also high count bacteria. The incidence of manifestations of the sevenpathogenic bacteria isolated from all street food Proteus sp. (2%) Staphylococci were the most predominant. This was followed by Salmonella (6%), Staphylococcus aureus (14%), Klebsiella sp. (5%), and Enterococcus sp. (2%) were least predominant.Conclusion: The study exhibited contagion may be due to poor techniques of food preparation adopted by the street food vendors. This is of community health worry as these bacteria are known as food-borne illnesses and toxic syndrome.Keywords: Pathogenic organisms, Ready-to-eat, Food, Toxic syndrome, Ludhiana.
Redescubriendo la teología de la cruz de Martín Lutero en el contexto de la teología de la liberación
Authors: Dreher Martin
Published: May 2017

A las radicalidades de la Reforma pertenece la nueva imagen de Dios que Lutero presentó en La disputación de Heidelberg y que siguió determinando su teología. Dios tiene la cara del Crucificado y mira radicalmente abajo (Magnificat). Sin embargo, el luteranismo representó una doctrina de la justificación que dejó a lado la intención central de Lutero. El objetivo de este artículo es enseñar cómo la teología de la cruz de Lutero se pusó de relieve nuevamente en el diálogo con la teología de la Liberación en el contexto latinoamericano.
La protesta de Wittenberg (1517): Perspectivas teológicas desde el contexto latinoamericano (2017)
Authors: Araya-Guillén Victorio
Published: May 2017

Se parte de la protesta de Martín Lutero en octubre de 1517 contra las indulgencias. Se ubica su descubrimiento de la gracia en el contexto de su dramática lucha espiritual. Se destacan los fundamentos de la interpretación evangélico-protestante, expresados en la palabra sola, y tres corolarios: libertad, sacerdocio universal y el testimonio del Espíritu Santo.Se concluye con una reflexión sobre el aporte de la Reforma en Latinoamérica. Se destacan tres ejes: la iglesia semper reformanda, el principio de crítica antiidolátrica y la primacía de la gracia como la bendición vital, el don mayor de Dios. El Espíritu de vida como el impulso para una praxis profética: la opción preferencial por la vida como manera de vivir la espiritualidad.
Recidiva de lepra y reacción tipo II en paciente tratado con poliquimioterapia (PQT)
Authors: Montaño Padilla Gina Sofía , Lancheros González Paula Catalina , Celis Luis Gustavo
Published: May 2017

La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica propia de países de África, Asia, Oceanía y América Latina. Es causada por el Mycobacterium leprae que se manifiesta de forma variada como zonas de hipo o anestesia, máculas hipocrómicas, con o sin engrosamiento neural. En algunas ocasiones, después de haber completado el ciclo terapéutico recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, puede presentar recidivas, apareciendo nuevas lesiones clínicas o aumentando el índice bacilar. Esta características pueden confundirse con el eritema nodoso leproso, caracterizado por ser una reacción antígeno-anticuerpo que fija complemento mediante la cual el sistema inmune combate antígenos bacilares. En este texto se describe un caso de recidiva de lepra lepromatosa y lesiones compatibles con eritema nodoso leproso después de haber sido tratado con poliquimioterapia.
Método de superficie de respuesta para optimizar las condiciones de producción de ácido láctico a partir de subproductos lácteos: SLC
Authors: Plata Alexandra , Ramírez Sandra , Riaño Luna Campo Elías
Published: May 2017

Mediante un diseño experimental 2k combinado con un diseño compuesto central y un análisis de superficie de respuesta se optimizo la producción de ácido láctico (AL) a partir de suero de leche de caprino (SLC) como sustrato principal y se determinó la combinación de los efectos de la concentración de tres nutrimentos: riboflavina, extracto de levadura y sulfato de amonio. Según el experimento realizado (confiabilidad; 95%) existe evidencia que tanto la temperatura y la concentración del complemento como la interacción de ambos inciden en la producción de ácido láctico (AL), que se obtiene al fermentar suero de leche de caprino. Las mayores producciones de ácido láctico-23,68 g/litro y crecimiento bacteriano se obtuvieron con mayores concentraciones de los nutrimentos a una temperatura de 42ºC.
Perfil de morbilidad por enfermedades infecciosas de las comunidades indígenas pertenecientes al Departamento de Casanare, Colombia.
Authors: Castillo Bohórquez MSc. Martha Leonor , Oliveros Rozo MSc. Ana Lucia , Mora Bautista Mag. Ana Isabel , Contador Alonso Jennifer Andrea , Cortés Jaimes Lesley Andrea , Mora Acero Jeny Carolina
Published: May 2017

El propósito de esta investigación fue establecer el perfil de morbilidad infecciosa en la población indígena ubicada en el departamento de Casanare durante los años 2010 a marzo de2012. Se utilizaron datos registrados por las instituciones encargadas de su atención y los recolectados por la Secretaría de Salud de Yopal, clasificándolos por resguardo: Caño Mochuelo,Chaparral Barro Negro y Orocué. Los resultados mostraron que las enfermedades de tipo infeccioso prevalentes en las comunidades indígenas estudiadas son: diarrea con 702 casos, infección de vías respiratorias 570 casos y parasitismo intestinal 187 casos.
Fagocitosis en neonatos: determinación de valores normales para la micro técnica de fagocitosis y muerte intracelular de Candida Albicans
Authors: Navarrete Janeth , Pinilla Gladys , Muñoz L Liliana , Ruiz A Ariel
Published: May 2017

La función principal del sistema inmune es proteger al hospedero contra agentes extraños y para esto la inmunidad innata interviene como primera línea de defensa con las barreras físicas y químicas y la función de la fagocitosis mediada principalmente por los polimorfonucleares neutrófilos (PMN). El neonato es inmunológicamente inmaduro lo que hace que sea más susceptible ante la presencia de microorganismos patógenos. Una de las alteraciones que parece incrementar el riesgo de infecciones bacterianas son las anormalidades en el sistema fagocitario que pueden llevar a una deficiencia en la habilidad de los polimorfonucleares neutrófilos (PMN) de fagocitar y matar microorganismos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio es determinar los valores de referencia de la micro-técnica de fagocitosis y muerte intracelular de Candida álbicans, técnica sencilla y eficaz para evaluar la función fagocítica, ya que valora el índice de fagocitosis de cada PMN y porcentaje de muerte intracelular de las Cándidas fagocitadas. Para ello se analizaron muestras de sangre de cordón provenientes de 51 neonatos sanos, donde el promedio del índice de fagocitosis encontrado fue de 2.64 (DE 0.51) con un rango de 1.71 a 3.77; la mediana del porcentaje de muerte intracelular en toda la población fue de 20% con P25 (18%), P75 (23%), con un rango de 13 a 38%.
A Telehealth System for Remote Auditory Evoked Potential Monitoring
Authors: Millan MsC, PhD Jorge , Yunda, MsE, MsC, PhD(c) Leonardo
Published: May 2017

A portable, Internet-based EEG/Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) monitoring system was developed for remote electrophysiological studies during sleep. The system records EEG/AEP simultaneously at the subject’s home for increased comfort and flexibility. The system provides simultaneous recording and remote viewing of EEG, EMG and EOG waves and allows on-line averaging of auditory evoked potentials. The design allows the recording of all major AEP components (brainstem, middle and late latency EPs) and constituent single sweep EEG epochs. Auditory stimulation is remotely controlled from any internet-connected PC. The developed platform consists of a portable server computer for data acquisition and secured data transmission to the Internet, a web server for temporary storage, and a remote viewing station. During operation, signals are acquired during sleep and transmitted to the secured web server for controlled access viewing. The remote viewer station allows the user to continuously visualize the auditory evoked potentials, modify auditory stimuli at any time and adjust system parameters for its online computation. The developed internet-based EEG/EP system has been tested in a laboratory environment. Preliminary results demonstrate feasibility of remote real-time acquisition and viewing of EEG and EPs and future potential for home monitoring and telemedicine applications.
Estudio comparativo de las normas relevantes a nivel internacional para la definición, clasificación, exclusión, desclasificación e identificación de residuos peligrosos.
Authors: Orjuela Yepes David
Published: May 2017

El presente articulo realiza una comparación de las normas relevantes a nivel internacional para la definición, clasificación, exclusión, desclasificación e identificación de residuos peligrosos.Dentro de los principales sistemas de clasificación de residuos peligrosos se encuentran: La Convención de Basilea sobre el control de los movimientos transfronterizos de los desechos peligrosos y su eliminación, El Listado Europeo de Residuos (LER) y el Código de Regulación Federal de los Estados Unidos 40 CFR 261.Las tres normas, presentan grandes diferencias en relación a los criterios de clasificación e identificación de un residuo peligroso y, por tanto, frente a sus propios listados de clasificación. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo pretende realizar un análisis crítico comparativo entre las tres regulaciones con el objeto de analizar las ventajas e inconvenientes en relación a la definición, identificación, clasificación, exclusión y desclasificación de residuos peligrosos.
Hepatitis autoinmune en un paciente con hepatitis B crónica, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Domínguez Plaja María Teresa , Celis Luis Gustavo , Posada López Andrés Felipe
Published: May 2017

La hepatitis es una enfermedad viral que azota a gran parte de la población mundial y cuya etiología es multifactorial, por lo que se ha clasificado a fin de hacer más conveniente su estudio de la A a la E, separándolas según sus características. Existe además la hepatitis autoinmune (HAI), entidad de etiología no conocida que gana mayor prevalencia e incidencia cada año. Se cuenta con pocos reportes en la literatura que relacionen la presentación de una hepatitis viral más una hepatitis autoinmune en un mismo paciente. Sin embargo, algunos estudios han comprobado que dicha relación es una posibilidad; lo que dificulta su orientación diagnóstica, terapéutica, tratamiento y pronóstico. Se presenta un caso de hepatitis B crónica en la que se superpuso una hepatitis autoinmune, a fin de realizar una revisión del tema y sus dificultades diagnósticas.
Valor agregado para el lacto suero de caprino proveniente de agroindustrias lácteas: ácido láctico como alternativa de descontaminación
Authors: Plata Alexandra , Ramírez Sandra , Riaño Luna Campo Elías
Published: May 2017

El Lacto suero de leche de caprino (SLC) es un subproducto de bajo valor económico, concebido en Colombia como un desecho industrial con impacto ambiental negativo para los ecosistemas (DBO 60000 ppm y DQO de 80000 ppm). Este trabajo se enfoco en caracterizar el SLC, multiplicar la cepa Lactobacillus Helveticus (LH) 0-0.91-celulas libres y evaluar su pertinencia para la producción de ácido láctico a partir de SLC tratado y enriquecido con tres nutrientes; variables que se estudiaron siguiendo un diseño de cuadro greco latino. Para el efecto se llevaron a cabo 16 cinéticas en un biofermentador intermitente conteniendo 250 mililitros de LSLC en donde la mayor producción de acido láctico-17.72 gramos por litro se logró después de las 50 horas para el medio que contiene extracto de levadura 2,5%, riboflavina 0,6% y sulfato de amonio 0,45% operando el biofermentador a 42ºC.De esta forma, al producir ácido láctico se evitaría la contaminación de ecosistemas y se generaría un valor agregado a la industria quesera.