bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insider Threat: Cognitive Effects of Modern Apathy towards Privacy, Trust, and Security
Authors: Yerdon Valarie , Hancock Peter
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze how contemporary social apathy levels towards privacy have changed across time from before the integration of computers into American society. With private information stored in a computational net of digital information, rather than in personal possession and control, there may be signals towards the increase in the “inattentive” insider Threat to cybersecurity. By using the results of sequential privacy index surveys (Westin, 2003; Kumaragru & Cranor, 2005), along with trait and state subjective questionnaires, changes and possible shared factors in attitude towards privacy were evaluated. It was hypothesized that there would be significant evidence for 1) change over time in concern for privacy, 2) high distrust, 2) high apathy, 3) low motivation, 4) difference between privacy group membership and subjective measure factors. These questionnaires were randomly administered to volunteer undergraduate psychology students at the University of Central Florida (UCF) who were compensated with course extra credit through a university system. The results of this study suggested that privacy concern has lowered over time, there was an overall high level of subjective apathy, and high level of instrumental motivation, which was correlated with the level of privacy concern. This research is looking for indicators of lower concern for privacy, to mitigate the inattentive insider threat in the workplace. Future phases of this research will use the same privacy and subjective questionnaires with the addition of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) for privacy and apathy in the primed and unprimed positions. This research will be used to validate an IAT for privacy, conduct a cross-factor analysis of privacy concern, state, and traits, along with testing for the ability to prime privacy concern.
A Didactic Tool for Digital Forensics
Authors: Cankaya Ebru , Palit Anindita , Williams Elissa
Published: June 2022

Several tools exist for performing digital forensics investigations on evidence data. As the vast variety of options available provides a wide span of choices to select from, this variation itself contributes to the complexity of learning and navigating these tools. To facilitate user’s learning efforts, we present a didactic tool that can be used to explore different digital forensics tools for investigating various evidence files in different OS platforms. We use synthetically generated data in the form of a made up scenario that offers safe, realistic, yet reliable data analysis. The digital forensics tools we use are Autopsy, WinHex, ProDiscover, and StegHide; and we demonstrate the execution of these tools in two different OS platforms as Windows and Mac. Our tool is promising to offer explanation and deep insight into commonly available digital forensics tools, and is offered to serve digital forensics students and/or professionals.
Isolating Key Phrases to Identify Ransomware Attackers
Authors: Blacksttone Jeremy , Patterson Wayne
Published: June 2022

Ransomware attacks are a devastatingly severe class of cyber-attacks capable of crippling an organization through disrupting operations or egregious financial demands. A number of solutions have been proposed to decrease the risk of ransomware infection or detect ransomware once a system has been infected. However, these proposed solutions do not address the root of the problem: identifying the adversary that created them. This study takes steps towards identifying an adversary by utilizing linguistic analysis of ransomware messages to ascertain the adversary’s language of origin. Our proposed method begins by using existing ransomware messages. We isolate commonly used phrases by analyzing a number of notable ransomware attacks: CryptoLocker, Locky, Petya, Ryuk, WannaCry, Cerber, GandCrab, SamSam, Bad Rabbit, and TeslaCrypt. Afterwards, we translate these phrases from English to another language and then back to English using Google Translate and calculate the Levenshtein Distance between the two English phrases. Next, we identify the languages that have a Levenshtein Distance greater than 0 for these phrases due to differences in how parts of speech are implemented in the respective languages. Finally, we analyze new ransomware messages and rank the languages from easiest to most difficult to distinguish.
Assessing Human Factors and Cyber Attacks at the Human-Machine Interface: Threats to Safety and Pilot and Controller Performance
Authors: Miller Mark , Holley Sam
Published: June 2022

The current state of automated digital information in aviation continues to expand rapidly as NextGen ADS-B(In) systems become more common in the form of Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) pad devices brought onto the flight deck. Integrated systems including satellites, aircraft, and air traffic control (ATC) data currently are not effectively encrypted and invite exposure to cyber attacks targeting flight decks and ATC facilities. The NextGen ATC system was not designed from the outset to identify and nullify cyber threats or attempts at disruption, and the safety gap has enlarged. Performance error at digital human-machine interfaces (HMI) has been well documented in aviation and now presents a potentially significant threat where the HMI can be more susceptible to human error from cyber attacks. Examples of HMI errors arising from digital information produced by automated systems are evaluated by the authors using HMI flaws discovered in recent Boeing 737-Max accidents. SHELL computer diagrams for both the digital flight deck and ATC facilities illustrate how the system is now interconnected for potential cyber threats and identifies how human factors consequences compromising HMI safety and operator performance present potential dangers. Aviation Safety and Reporting System (ASRS) data are examined and confirm HMI threats. The authors contrast various HMI errors with cyber attack effects on cognition, situational awareness, and decision making. A focused examination to assess cyber attack effects on cognitive metrics suggests cognitive clarity of operators is confounded when confronted with conflicting or confusing indications at the HMI. Difficulty in successfully identifying a cyber attack and the actions taken as human factors countermeasures are illustrated in the context of the HMI environment. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is used to show how cyber attacks could occur and be addressed along with a dual-path solution.Keywords: NextGen, Cyber attack, SHELL, HMI, Cognitive load, HFACS
Navigating through Cyber Threats, A Maritime Navigator’s Experience
Authors: Erstad Erlend , Soldal Lund Mass , Ostnes Runar
Published: June 2022

Cyber threats are emerging as a risk in the maritime industry. If the navigational systems on board a ship somehow fail to function because of a cyber incident, the navigator is an important asset who is expected to handle the problem and provide a solution to maintain the safety of the crew, the vessel, and the environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) urges the shipping industry to be resilient towards cyber threats. To facilitate for enhanced operational maritime cyber resilience, there is a need to understand how navigators interpret cyber threats, which can be essential to safely conduct nautical operations. This paper presents a qualitative study of navigators’ understanding of cyber threats based on interviews with ten navigators, and further provides recommendations for how use of this knowledge can contribute to enhanced maritime cyber resilience.
A Software Security Study among German Developers, Product Owners, and Managers
Authors: Dziwok Stefan , Merschjohann Sven , Koch Thorsten
Published: June 2022

Online news portals report almost daily on security incidents in all kinds of software products in finance, health, and engineering. Moreover, multiple security reports conclude that there is a growing number of security vulnerabilities, attacks, and incidents. This raises the question of the extent to which companies address software security while developing and operating their products. This paper reports on the results of an extensive study among developers, product owners, and managers in Germany. Our results show that ensuring security is a multi-faceted challenge for German companies, involving low awareness, inaccurate self-assessment, and a lack of competence on the topic of secure software development among all stakeholders. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the current situation.
From Security-as-a-Hindrance Towards User-Centred Cybersecurity Design
Authors: Van Der Kleij Rick
Published: June 2022

Cybersecurity controls in the workplace are viewed by many people as a hindrance that results in wasted time. End-users often bypass controls to get their work done and because of this, even the technically most secure systems can become unsecured. One crucial reason for this could be a lack of attention paid to usability factors by the software development teams that de-sign controls. In this paper I investigate how to design cybersecurity controls in such a way that the user is more likely to behave in a secure manner when confronted with these controls. I put forward three practices that, when employed alongside each other, hold the promise to produce usable and effective cybersecurity controls.
Non-Experts' Perceptions Regarding the Severity of Different Cyber-Attack Consequences: Implications for Designing Warning Messages and Modeling Threats
Authors: Lodinger Natalie , Jones Keith , Siami-Namin Akbar , Widlus Ben
Published: June 2022

Cyber-defenders must account for users’ perceptions of attack consequence severity. However, research has yet to investigate such perceptions of a wide range of cyber-attack consequences. Thus, we had users rate the severity of 50 cyber-attack consequences. We then analyzed those ratings to a) understand perceived severity for each consequence, and b) compare perceived severity across select consequences. Further, we grouped ratings into the STRIDE threat model categories and c) analyzed whether perceived severity varied across those categories. The current study’s results suggest not all consequences are perceived to be equally severe; likewise, not all STRIDE threat model categories are perceived to be equally severe. Implications for designing warning messages and modeling threats are discussed.
A Review of Historical Street Lighting Solutions
Authors: Akinshipe Olaoluwa , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2022

Aside from food, clothing and shelter, one of the essential needs of man is light. Unfortunately, the early man had to rely on natural light alone until the possible accidental discovery of fire. This discovery led to the invention of other basic technologies such as torches, candles, wicks and the like. Providing a lighting system suitable for enclosed spaces, open spaces, streets, and tunnels have been a subject of research over the years as more efficient methods are catechized to give way to the currently used systems. This report looks to explore two analogous objectives. The first is to provide a retrospective insight into the origin of lighting systems. The second objective highlights the significant progress made over the years to create an efficient lighting system for domestic and industrial use. This paper takes a deep dive into the lighting technologies used as far back as ancient Egypt, Rome, and the Benin Kingdom of current-day Nigeria.
Operator Insights and Usability Evaluation of Machine Learning Assistance for Power Grid Contingency Analysis
Authors: Wenskovitch John , Anderson Alexander , Kincic Slaven , Fallon Corey , Ciesielski Danielle , Baweja Jessica , C Mersinger Molly , Jefferson Brett
Published: June 2022

Introducing machine learning (ML) assistance into any established process comes with adoption barriers, including entrenched procedures, technological and human readiness levels, human-machine trust, and work culture resistance to change. These barriers are even greater in critical operations such as operating a national or regional power grid, in which both regulatory frameworks and the importance of maintaining reliability levels causes additional resistance to the adoption of new computational support. Developers of future systems and job aides must consider not only technical aspects, but also whether new systems are usable by power system operators. This work presents the methodology and results of a study to evaluate the usability and readiness of a prototype recommender system for power grid contingency analysis. We explore operator cognitive load and evaluate operator performance when solving a collection of scenarios both with and without recommender assistance. We also examine operator trust in the system. We report insights gained on the readiness of the system using a collection of evaluation techniques.
Humans With/As Big Data in Nuclear Energy
Authors: Boring Ronald , Mortenson Torrey , Ulrich Thomas , Lew Roger
Published: June 2022

Data are considered big when they contain significant variety, volume, and velocity in comparison with standard datasets. Big data are used by humans, but humans are also potential sources of big data. In nuclear power, much of the current research and application of big data principles focuses on instrumenting additional sensors or analyzing and visualizing the resulting data in useful ways. Gathering data on hardware enables enhanced diagnoses, planning, and prognoses, leading to greater efficiency through reduced maintenance costs and optimized power production. In this paper, we explore human interactions with big data, as well as potential ways that human performance data can inform nuclear power operations. This latter case considers humans as sources of big data.
Digital technology as a tool for the growth of Mexican SMEs in San Luis Potosi
Authors: Castillo-Galván Patricia , José Mendez Palacios Juan
Published: June 2022

In a world of constant change and accelerated growth, the use of information systems based on digital technology, integrated into manufacturing processes and resource management, has become a necessity for Mexican small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). who intend to grow globally and maintain their competitiveness in the market in which they operate. They see digital technologies as a tool that would allow them to achieve their development and growth plans, based on the concept of exponential growth organizations who, without many physical resources but with intensive use of technology, have managed to grow in short periods of time. However, it is not so simple, they face greater challenges such the lack of expert personnel to advise and guide them in the implementation and management of the technology, this is a barrier that they must overcome. This paper presents the challenges and opportunities of the use of digital technologies a ass a tool to promote the growth of the Mexican SMEs established in the state of San Luis Potosí, in global markets,
Causes of Conflict in the South African Construction Industry
Authors: Ilunga Bodika Matthieu , Aigbavboa Clinton , Ohiomah Ifije , Sukdeo Nita
Published: June 2022

The objective of this research was to determine the causes dispute and conflict within the South African construction industry. The research begins at looking at the reviewed literature. The data was collected through a questionnaire which was distributed to construction professionals based in South Africa. Ninety-one (91) questionnaires were received from one hundred and twenty (120) sent out, 76 per cent response rate.Mean item score was used to rank the findings. Based on the score ranking from the causes of conflict in the south African construction industry. Design errors as a cause revealed that cheap design team hired instead of quality design team was ranked 3,79, followed by inadequate briefing of the design team which was ranked 3,67, ranked last was inept design team with a rank of 3,47. This study revealed that contract variations are the number one causes of conflict; this is a known fact as the South African construction industry is known to have a problem with budget overrun. It is recommended that clients must ensure that their demand for design changes during the construction period should have no adverse effects on the critical activities so as to avoid causing delays
Learning from existing errors: External stakeholders’ impact on road infrastructure projects
Authors: Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Mushatu Winnie , Mashwama Nokulunga , Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Didi
Published: June 2022

Road infrastructure improves a country’s economy through the transportation of goods and resources while providing access to various facilities. To attain success on road construction projects, it is essential to engage the external stakeholders involved to avoid controversies and conflicts at the project’s execution phase. This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of stakeholders on the successful execution of road projects. The paper adopted a quantitative approach in investigating external stakeholders’ impact on a road construction project in South Africa. Data for this study was collected using both primary and secondary sources. A 76% rate of retrieval was achieved using a questionnaire survey, and they were found suitable for analysis. The use of factor analysis in data analysis aided in reducing the large set of factors to four clusters. According to the findings, community unrest was at the forefront, followed by slow responses from existing service providers; project delays; poor relationships among service providers; a negative attitude toward the project; regular changes in local authority rules, regulations, and protocol; and resistance to relocating property. According to the findings, stakeholder involvement encourages the general people to share information with regulatory bodies. This will assist authorities in making better-informed decisions, thereby reducing the possibility of project failure. This study will be useful to construction professionals in enhancing the successful completion of road projects while knowing when to involve external stakeholders for smooth running of road construction projects in developing countries.
Exploration of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Authors: Sunkanmi Adeyemi Benjamen , Ifedolapo Babalola Helen , Aigbavboa Clinton , D Thwala Wellington
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine various challenges of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Nigerian construction industry (NCI). In this study, a quantitative method was used. A sum of 80 questionnaires were sent out, and 57 questionnaires were received back from the construction professionals in Nigeria. The findings revealed major challenges facing BIM in the NCI such as individual opinions concerning BIM, absence of non-integration of model design, inadequate protocol relating to BIM, inadequate protocol relating to BIM, and lack of competent staff. There is need for construction stakeholders to avoid anything causing hindrances to the use of BIM in the NCI. The study objectives were accomplished from the literature as well as questionnaires usage. It is recommended that construction stakeholders need to be careful with the kind of opinion they offer pertaining to the application of BIM in Nigeria.
New Information and Communication Technologies for Public Participation in Ecuadorian Land Management. Case Study Cuenca.
Authors: Pacurucu Natalia , Vivanco Lorena , Orellana-Alvear Boris , Ordoñez Alfredo
Published: June 2022

Public participation in Ecuadorian land management has many challenges due to its effectiveness, since most of these processes have taken the form of social information meetings, where proposals are made, known as finished products, evidencing the lack of active citizen involvement.Added to this is the scarcity of tools and methods that lead to a compromise between democratic decision-making and expert scientific knowledge. In this context, these processes require a radical change in which new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are proposed as an alternative, valuing the knowledge and opinions of the population in relation to a given territory.New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) recognize the existence of a new digital ecosystem in which the communication process is freed from the space-time factor, dissociating the experience from the physical space, and making virtual simultaneity and timeless fragmented space possible.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies and their contribution to public participation in the land management processes in Cuenca, Ecuador, using Geographic Information Systems for Public Participation as a specific case.
What do you like or dislike about your work? First explorations on a general feeling of work
Authors: Brangier Eric , Brangier Blandine
Published: June 2022

Workers habitually say « I love my job » or « I hate my work » to define what they like or dislike about their professional situation. Thus, love and hate of work are often confused with other concepts: pleasure, suffering, commitment, satisfaction, well-being... Rare are the definitions of love or hate of work. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it proposes a conceptualization of the love and hate of work, as a “general feeling of work”. Second, it presents an automated textual analysis (performed with the IRaMuTeQ system) on 7359 French employees in 29 companies. Third, it gives recommendations for promoting love of work and reducing hate of work. On the one hand, professional opportunities, positive relationships, autonomy, diversity, work content develop love, and on the other hand, lack of opportunity, deleterious relationships, hierarchical failures, excessive demands, and poor working conditions lead to dislike job.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Job Security of Millennial Quantity Surveyors
Authors: Van Eck Elzane , Hoffman Danie
Published: June 2022

The covid-19 pandemic brought about disruption, change and challenges in many industries including the construction industry. Quantity Surveyors are the cost consultants of this industry. In 2021, 72% of all quantity surveyors in South Africa were younger than 45 years and the vast majority of this group form part of the millennial cohort. Millennials are the future upon which the quantity surveying profession will build and job security plays a key role when it comes to retaining talent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact covid-19 had on job security of millennial quantity surveyors. A quantitative research design was utilised making use of a questionnaire as research instrument. The questionnaire was distributed nationally by, the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors. The main findings indicate that 63% of millennial quantity surveyors felt that their jobs are not secure anymore and 48% indicated that they were considering emigration. The findings of this paper will be of value to quantity surveying employers as well as associations and professional bodies in the Built Environment.
Hotels as an Alternative Property Investment Asset Class and its Funding Challenges in South Africa
Authors: Cook Laetitia , Walter Nava Fabio
Published: June 2022

Institutional investors and corporates constantly strive for above-inflation yields in relation to investments in traditional real estate assets. This study set out to determine how hotels perform compared to traditional property investment asset classes in terms of investment yields and whether investors (property developers and institutional investment funds) consider the hospitality sector for investment or diversification of current portfolios. Furthermore, to determine how aligned the commercial banks, Development Funding Institutions (DFI), and Section 12J funds are with funding single hotel assets versus portfolio lending, and what their requirements are.Interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth and rich information from purposively selected respondents with experience in the sector after completing a preparatory questionnaire. Respondents included property developers, investors, financiers, tour operators, and hotel operators. Historically, hotel investors were very specific in their investment asset classes and usually solely focused on hospitality assets (specialist investors). This has changed with an increase in generalist investors coming to the market with exposure in a diversity of asset classes including the hospitality sector, and other alternative asset classes.Funding challenges, due to the operational risk associated with Hotel Management Agreements (HMA) is perceived by both financiers and developers or investors. Leases are the preferred income model but are seldom available in the hospitality sector, and often those that are made available, may not provide strong covenants required by financiers and developers or investors. Alternative funding is available in the form of Section 12J Venture Capital Companies (VCC) or from DFI’s, but both have their limitations. Recommendations for further research include funding challenges for a development or acquisition strategy at a single asset and portfolio level and expansion to Sub-Saharan Africa as it impacts many investors and international hotels brands with exposure in these regions.
Factors Affecting Total Quality Management Implementation in the Construction Industry
Authors: Sunkanmi Adeyemi Benjamen , Aigbavboa Clinton , D Thwala Wellington
Published: June 2022

Total quality management (TQM) is an organisation idea that regularly enhances the superiority of products as well as services by concentrating on the customers’ necessities and desires to improve customer satisfaction. This paper aimed to review previous literatures on various issues affecting TQM implementation in the construction industry such as absence of benchmarking, employee confrontation to change, absence of understanding, inadequate preparation, absence of top management obligation, absence of customer focus, absence of rewards and acknowledgment, inadequate evaluation processes, insufficient fund, inefficient management, inadequate raw materials, lack of proper communication and unproductive leadership. This research source for information through recognised articles in journals, conference papers, government reports and so on. The findings from the extensive literature review form previous studies are cross-sectional. According to the previous research, it was revealed that those challenges of total quality management are vary. It is recommended that construction stakeholders should always avoid any obstacle that can affect total quality management in the construction industry.
Complex Scenario Design for Investigating Cognitive Process for Problem-Solving Collaboration
Authors: Chen Yingting , Kanno Taro , Furuta Kazuo
Published: June 2022

Complex problem solving (CPS) has been a field that uses computer-simulated scenarios and has been applied in problem-solving-related studies. However, the problem scenario has not been thoroughly discussed as an essential factor in determining the reliability of the studies. Consequently, there are no systematic principles for scenario design in CPS studies. This study was performed to establish fundamental standards for complexity analysis in the CPS scenario design. We created a high-fidelity problem scenario to investigate the cognitive processes in CPS discussions. The reliability of the system and scenario was validated by five industrial experts. The findings of this study can be applied to future experiment designs, meta-analysis methods, and study replications.
Systems Intelligence, Perceived Performance and Wellbeing
Authors: Jumisko Pyykko Satu , Törmänen Juha , Vanni Kimmo , P Hämäläinen Raimo , Saarinen Esa
Published: June 2022

Systems intelligence (SI) takes systemic, an employee-level, pragmatic, bot-tom-up, behavioral and interactional approach to organization. A goal of this research is to explore relation between SI and both perceived performance of organization and wellbeing. We conducted a survey with health care and ed-ucation organizations. Organizational Systems Intelligence (OSI) correlated positively with perceived performance of organization, work engagement, mental work ability, and negatively with perceived stress. In addition, per-ceived performance had stronger correlation with OSI than wellbeing measures. This research underlines importance of addressing SI as a part of human resource development in organizations.
Smart Countryside Community in Quadrable Helix Development
Authors: Ruohomaa Heikki , Takala Minna , Salminen Vesa
Published: June 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution will bring unprecedented change to countryside and its society and business environments. Countryside has to compete with large centers and cities that are evolving rapidly and providing new opportunities for their residents.Forssa Town, which is located in the heart of three of Finland's largest cities, has decided to build innovation ecosystem to support their development work. Use case introduced in this article is physical and data infrastructure of traffic environment.During the study has been applied an ecosystem development approach, in which the city, the university, businesses and residents form a quadrable helix entity. It was ought to create a rapid development approach to the development and regeneration of rural cities.The goal of this article has been to implement an ecosystem- based approach for countryside city to develop it’s competitiveness and vitality under the pressures of urbanization in large cities. This research has used qualitative and quantitatively analytic methodology. The data analyzed has been tuned in terms of human behavior and values of the inhabitants moving on the area.
Transforming Energy Marketing Practices for Enhanced Solar PV Adoption
Authors: Rukh Shakeel Shah , Rajala Arto
Published: June 2022

The adoption and use of solar PV systems is a complex and multifarious process influenced by personal, social, economic, technical and regulatory factors. Solar PV companies involved in the sales and interaction with the customers can play an important role in facilitating adoption. Companies’ ability to effectively market the product, disseminate information, frame value offerings and address consumers concerns can play an important role in this regard. The small size of the domestic market, an amplified competition and limited resources highlight the need to alter the way companies have been carrying out their operations. The qualitative study explores how solar PV companies can transform their marketing operations by integrating through the use of advanced digital technologies to facilitate the process.
Assessment of Marketing Strategies Adoption and Competitiveness Among Quantity Surveying Firms In The Digitization Era
Authors: John Beauty , Adekunle Samuel , Enebeli Success , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2022

The ability of business outfits to successfully connect end-users to their goods and services determines their success. Business success in this sense is regarded as the longevity, profit, ability to be constantly engaged, among others. Like other professionals, the quantity surveying practice is bound by different ethics, which include how QS firms can carry out marketing. This study aims at investigating how the different marketing strategies adopted by QS firms and the factors affecting the adoption. Data was solicited through well-structured questionnaires. 74 formed the respondents; this is a mixture of indigenous, expatriate and mixed ownership. The factors were divided into internal and external microeconomic and macroeconomic environmental factors. The results showed that business philosophies of the owner (internal environment), national economic blueprint (external macroeconomics environment), competitive conditions of the market and state of the economy (external microeconomics environment) are the most important factors affecting the adoption of marketing strategies by quantity surveying firms. The study, therefore, recommends that Quantity surveying principal managers should be versed and open in their business philosophies so as to be able to change with the technological trends and changes in the economy (external microeconomic and macroeconomic factors).
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Job Seeking and Competence Development
Authors: Liutkevicius Markko , Ben Yahia Sadok
Published: June 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public and private sectors create new opportunities worldwide. One of such domains where the elements of AI play a critical role are recommendation systems related to finding a new job and offering training suggestions. Based on current literature, only a few attempts are made to implement intelligent recommendation systems in public sector environments such as employment agencies. In this regard, the existing state-of-the-art models should be explored for creating AI-enabled e-services helping unemployed citizens to find suitable jobs or to receive training suggestions based on their profiles. While job recommendation and training suggestion is still a constantly evolving area of research, the task of the current study is to support this research domain by firstly mapping the state-of-the-art AI techniques used in the current job and training recommendation system research literature. Secondly, in collaboration with multiple stakeholders in the Estonian public sector and universities from Latvia and Finland to conceptualize citizen-centered public service architecture that uses AI and is accessible to every European citizen.
Design Challenges and Principles of Hustar Footwear Exoskeleton
Authors: Vanni Kimmo , Jumisko Pyykko Satu , Zhang Xuequn , Xu Yeye , Zhu Shiqiang
Published: June 2022

The current information society has been reported to have begun in 1976 and has included five different stages of development, from inception to globalization (Nevalainen 1999). Current society is in a new phase of transition, where applications of digitalization such as artificial intelligence and human-centered robotics are becoming a relevant part of every person’s life in working life, school and leisure. There are already concepts for the future society called 5.0 (Sato & Arimoto 2015) where researchers have considered what issues may change and how changes may happen (Cabinet Office 2019).Wearable intelligence can be defined broadly but it combines textiles and technology and includes sensors (traditional, bacteria-based, etc.), software applications, intelligent textile materials (phase change polymers, textiles), smart design (mass customization, value-based design, etc.) and services (platform economy). The products of wearable intelligence can be wearable sensors, smart textiles and shoes, exoskeleton robots, and fabrics, which are smart and connected to sensor networks and services (AI cloud). Currently, the market expects that researchers would develop efficient, lightweight and reliable exoskeleton robots that make use of high-speed 5G mobile networks and AI. However, the greatest part of the developed exoskeletons is for upper body and they are made from traditional materials and with traditional approaches which emphasize technical issues.The aim of the study was to plan a new approach for designing footwear exoskeleton. The objective was to design a footwear exoskeleton design approach which takes into account smart textile materials, smart sensors, sustainable design, testing data and user expectations. We found that smart footwear exoskeleton design requires professionals from design and user experience, ICT and programming, material and textile technology, mechatronics and energy, and biomechanics domains. As conclusion the ecosystem of smart footwear exoskeleton robotics is still in novice stage and new design approaches are needed, especially now when Society 5.0 may increase demand for assistive technology.
Enhancing Open Innovation: The Co-Creation of an Open Innovation Toolkit
Authors: Lund Andersen Mads , Weck Marina , Smærup Michael
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to explore and describe, how a methodology for collecting and reviewing tools and methods on open innovation, can integrate and operationalize stakeholders involved in processes of open innovation development. The authors originally did this through the realization of an open innovation toolkit with a scope of use applying a Quadruple Helix Model of innovation, which recognizes four major actors in the innovation system: Science, Policy, Industry, and Society. Specifically, the actors were involved in development or implementation of health and welfare technology aimed for older adults. The result of this paper is an outline of methodology used for implementing the OIT and in doing so, involving QH actors in the process
Conceptual Description of the Key Attributes of Human Resource Management Practices in a Developing Economy
Authors: Ifedolapo Babalola Helen , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2022

Human resource management practices are implemented to build an organisation supportive of cooperation and interaction, promote human and social development, and encourage career growth. There is evidence that studies have been conducted in diverse fields to identify the elements that contribute to the success or failure of the application of human resource management practices (HRMPs). However, the key attributes of HRMPs as critical factors for successful human resources (HR) performance and productivity are unknown in the Nigerian construction industry. Based on this, the paper reviewed the literature on existing conceptual models of HRMPs frameworks. Through the detailed review of the journal, conference papers, and academic thesis, fifteen (15) HRMPs attributes were identified. However, the top elements were determined by assessing the level of influence of the attributes on a five-point Likert scale through mean ranking. The top six (6) factors were training and development, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, rewards, communication, and emotional intelligence. The study recommended that HR should acquire more knowledge beyond their current job to optimize performance. Most suitable applicants should be allowed to fill existing vacancies. There should be an evaluation of employees' performance that brings about rewards. Finally, workers' state of mind that balances their responses brings about a sound communication system. The developed model indicates the practical implications of the HRM system for the construction industry. Therefore, combining these factors enhances effective HR performance and productivity in the industry.
Effects of Social Media on B2B Sales
Authors: Fischer Heiko
Published: June 2022

Social Media already plays an essential role in the business-to-consumer (B2C) environment. Platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram are successfully applied in B2C sales to attract new customers. The usage of social media in B2C sales is profoundly analyzed. However, scholars imply that there exist fundamental differences to the application in business-to-business (B2B). On the one side, social media in sales gains increasing attention from B2B companies that seek practical advice for using social media in sales. On the other side, scholars imply that there is limited knowledge on applying social media in B2B sales. Against this backdrop, our paper presents an overview of recent research on social media in B2B sales.Therefore, we conduct research focused on social media in B2B sales. We search in scientific databases such as Business Source Premier, Science Direct, Emerald, Springer Online Library, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature to this highly topical research theme. Based on our literature research, our paper aims to answer two research questions: What is social media, and how can it be applied in the B2B sales process? What are the effects of social media on B2B sales?To answer our first research question, we provide definitions of social media and explain its application in B2B sales. Additionally, this section describes recent developments of social media and social CRM. This first section will build the fundament for our further research on social media in B2B sales.To answer our second research question, we try to determine how social media affects the sales practices within the B2B sales process. Therefore, we analyze the identified literature in detail. We can find out three main effects of social media on B2B sales based on this. First, the information situation is changing and leading to new challenges in sales. Second, social media profoundly changes the relationships between customers and sales. Third, social customer relationship management must be established as a new management approach to meet the customers’ new requirements. Afterward, we present a discussion on social media in B2B sales, summarize our results, and present relevant future research questions.Summing up, our proposed paper gives a profound overview of social media and how it can be applied in B2B sales along the sales cycle. It investigates the main effects on B2B sales by presenting three key changes. Our paper closes with a discussion that suggests future research questions and advice to B2B companies.
Importance of Integrated Marketing Communication in the Digital Promotion of Products and Ideas in Private and Public Sectors
Authors: Bormane Santa , Putans Roman
Published: June 2022

Marketing communication is not limited to the implementation of promotional activities of a product or a message, it requires an integrated approach using various practically applicable and ever-expanding ways of marketing communication to be implemented through various communication channels for addressing the target audience more precisely. It is the integrated marketing communication (IMC) activities that help increase the organization's competitiveness and result-oriented efficiency both in private and public sectors. In response to changes in the external environment, organizations can use IMC as a strategic management process that helps to facilitate the transition from tactical advertising components into a single strategy. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the research was to study and assess IMC in the context of digital marketing and its influence upon product promotion. The object of the research is integrated marketing communication. The subject of the research is the influence of IMC upon product promotion. The study is based on scientific papers published by Latvian and foreign scholars, general and special literature, and periodicals. To attain the goal of the research, the following qualitative methods of economic research were used: case study, grouping and profiling, evaluation, market investigation, research and observation, and comparative analysis. The hypothesis set prior to the research aims at increased loyalty of the target audience as a result of IMC; however, it is not widely used and has spillover setbacks particularly in public domain. The research question therefore is to detect what are the key impact factors` peculiarities in IMC efficacy and its impediments. Findings: The research confirmed the hypothesis that IMC in the context of digital promotion facilitates consumer loyalty, but just up to a critical point of digital intervention`s negative aspects; also, IMC for digital promotion has a growing trend, but is still a relatively little used type of communication in the marketing communication strategy of organizations. The results of the research are of both theoretical and practical value.
Data Driven Sustainable Business Strategy
Authors: Sihvonen Markus , Weck Marina
Published: June 2022

This paper describes e-Tilat use case which is Seniotek company’s new product. The use case describes application of Data Driven Business Model (DDBM) in product development and business operations for the new e-Tilat product. The research question is: Is it possible for a small SME to achieve business advantage by applying DDBM and can it bring true value for its customers and its products end users? The research has been conducted by analyzing real life use case where municipality of Liminka acquired Seniortek’s new innovative e-Tilat system to provide sport facility reservation services for its residents. Based on use case analysis, it is obvious that applying DDBM did provide proven advantage for all interest groups; end users, Liminka municipality and Seniortek.
Analysis of the Variables that Affect China's Presence in International News in the Context of Coronavirus
Authors: De La Fuente-Mella Hanns , Elórtegui Gómez Claudio , Milies Valdivia Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Western media coverage of Covid19 had a focus of special interest in China during 2020, due to globalization and the pandemic nature of the crisis. The news agendas deepened and debated the responsibility of the Asian power in the spread of the disease. However, China's international attitude and diplomatic actions based on donations of medical supplies and vaccine development also began to spread. The research uses econometric models in linear probability to determine which are the main variables that explain Chinese public diplomacy in the news of 24 countries. The investigation shows that the western media give China a high level of interference in the origin of the pandemic. However, the results indicate that certain features of Chinese public diplomacy entered significantly in the news that mentioned the Asian giant, spreading a type of international leadership that disputes positions with the global hegemony of the United States.