bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From a Death Sentence to a Disrupted Life
Authors: Hammoudeh Weeam , Hogan Dennis , Giacaman Rita
Published: February 2016

This study explores women’s experiences of breast cancer in the occupied Palestinian territory. We use an inductive qualitative design with a thematic analytical approach for conducting and analyzing 35 semi-structured interviews with breast cancer patients. The interviews focused on diagnosis, experiences and coping with breast cancer, social support and care needs, and the impact of illness on their families and social relationships. Three themes emerged: (a) the transition from initial shock to the daily struggles with disruptions caused by illness, (b) the role of social support in helping women cope with the burden of disease, and the importance of (c) faith and reliance on God (tawakkul). In the Palestinian context, women’s narratives highlighted the disruptive nature of breast cancer. Our findings underline the importance of social support provided by extended family members. Finally, faith is an important overarching theme that influences how women make sense of and cope with breast cancer.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Using Prophylactic Dressings to Minimize Sacral Pressure Injuries in High-Risk Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Walker Rachel , Huxley Leisa , Juttner Melanie , Burmeister Elizabeth , Scott Justin , Aitken Leanne M.
Published: February 2016

This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the effect of prophylactic dressings to minimize sacral pressure injuries (PIs) in high-risk hospitalized patients and assessed feasibility criteria to inform a larger study. Eighty patients were recruited at admission points (the emergency department and surgical care unit) or directly from participating wards in the general medical-surgical setting following the assessment of high risk of sacral PI. Participants were randomized into either the routine care or routine care and silicone foam border dressing group. Outcome assessment comprised digital photographs of each participant’s sacrum every 72 hr for evaluation by a blind-to-intervention assessor. Sixty-seven participants had at least one sacral photograph taken and assessed by a blind-to-intervention assessor. Three participants were assessed as having a Stage I PI. Although the use of photography was effective, feasibility criteria identified challenges related to bias, blinding, weight assessment, preparation of nursing staff, and sample size estimation.
Development and Psychometric Testing of a Scale for Evaluating Self-Management Needs of Knee Osteoarthritis (SMNKOA) in Taiwan
Authors: Kao Mei-Hua , Tsai Yun-Fang
Published: February 2016

Self-management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is important for treating this chronic disease. This study developed and psychometrically tested a new instrument for measuring adult patients’ self-management needs of knee osteoarthritis (SMNKOA). The theoretical framework of self-care guided the development of the 35-item SMNKOA scale. Participants ( N = 372) were purposively sampled from orthopedic clinics at medical centers in Taiwan. The content validity index was 0.83. Principal components analysis identified a three-factor solution, accounting for 53.19% of the variance. The divergent validity was −0.67; convergent validity was −0.51. Cronbach’s alpha was .95, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was .88, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was .95. The scale’s reliability and validity supports the SMNKOA, as a tool to measure self-management needs of adults with knee OA. Nurses and other health care providers can use this instrument to evaluate knee OA patients and identify strategies for improving health-related outcomes and patient education.
Spitz Tumors
Authors: Kiuru Maija , Jungbluth Achim , Kutzner Heinz , Wiesner Thomas , Busam Klaus J.
Published: February 2016

Spitz tumors are a group of melanocytic neoplasms with distinct morphological features that tend to affect young individuals. Distinguishing benign from malignant Spitz tumors can be challenging, but cytogenetic and molecular tests have contributed to improvements in diagnostic accuracy. Spitz tumors harbor diverse genetic alterations, including mutations in HRAS, loss of BAP1, or kinase fusions in ROS1, NTRK1, ALK, BRAF, and RET genes. Limited data exist on the correlation between histopathological features and kinase fusions. Here, we describe the histopathological features of 105 Spitz tumors (Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors), comparing lesions according to their immunoreactivity for ALK or NTRK1. Intersecting fascicular growth of fusiform melanocytes was seen in all but one ALK-positive tumor (27 of 28 or 96.4%), whereas it was infrequent in NTRK1-positive tumors (5 of 20 or 25.0%) and tumors negative for both ALK and NTRK1 (96.4% vs 25.0% vs 8.7%, P < .0027). There was a trend toward ALK-positive tumors being amelanotic compared with NTRK1-positive tumors and combined ALK-/NTRK1-negative tumors (89.3% vs 45% vs 47.4%, respectively, P = .1023) and lacking epithelioid cell morphology (0% vs 45.0% vs 41%, respectively, P = .6985). In conclusion, this study confirms that although not specific, the growth pattern of intersecting fascicles of amelanotic fusiform melanocytes is strongly associated with ALK expression.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Fertonani Anna , Miniussi Carlo
Published: February 2016

In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the understanding and practical use of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques. Nevertheless, to date, this experimental effort has not been accompanied by substantial reflections on the models and mechanisms that could explain the stimulation effects. Given these premises, the aim of this article is to provide an updated picture of what we know about the theoretical models of tES that have been proposed to date, contextualized in a more specific and unitary framework. We demonstrate that these models can explain the tES behavioral effects as distributed along a continuum from stimulation dependent to network activity dependent. In this framework, we also propose that stochastic resonance is a useful mechanism to explain the general online neuromodulation effects of tES. Moreover, we highlight the aspects that should be considered in future research. We emphasize that tES is not an “easy-to-use” technique; however, it may represent a very fruitful approach if applied within rigorous protocols, with deep knowledge of both the behavioral and cognitive aspects and the more recent advances in the application of stimulation.
The Impact of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Polymorphisms, Clinical, and Demographic Variables on Platelet Response to Clopidogrel Evaluated Using Impedance Aggregometry
Authors: Mărginean Alina , Bănescu Claudia , Moldovan Valeriu , Scridon Alina , Mărginean Mihai , Bălaşa Rodica , Maier Smaranda , Ţăruşi Mariana , Dobreanu Minodora
Published: February 2016

Introduction:

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely used in patients with acute coronary syndromes or stroke. Despite adequate antiplatelet therapy, some patients develop acute ischemic events. This is partly attributed to the fact that they have poor inhibition of platelet reactivity, despite treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of clinical and demographic variables and of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) loss-of-function polymorphisms on platelet response to clopidogrel evaluated using impedance aggregometry in an East European population.

Methods:

The study included 189 clopidogrel-treated patients with acute coronary syndromes and noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Platelet aggregation was evaluated by impedance aggregometry. CYP2C19 loss-of-function polymorphisms were detected using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Various clinical and demographic data were also recorded.

Results:

In our data set, 81% of the patients were responders and 19% nonresponders to clopidogrel therapy. The distribution of CYP2C19 polymorphisms was as follows: 61.1% of patients were CYP2C19 wild-type homozygotes, 27.7% of patients were CYP2C19*2 heterozygotes, 1.1% of patients were CYP2C19*3 heterozygotes, and 10% of patients were CYP2C19*2 homozygotes. The highest level of association with clopidogrel response status was found for CYP2C19 polymorphisms, concomitant aspirin treatment, leukocyte and platelet count, history of myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, and ward where patients were admitted.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in our East European population was in line with that reported for Western populations. Clopidogrel response was significantly influenced by the presence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Interestingly, the concomitant use of aspirin had a significant impact on platelet response to clopidogrel, indicating a synergic interaction between these drugs.
Development, CAPTA Part C Referral and Services Among Young Children in the U.S. Child Welfare System
Authors: Johnson-Motoyama Michelle , Moses Mindi , Conrad-Hiebner Aislinn , Mariscal E. Susana
Published: February 2016

Amendments made to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act in 2003 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act in 2004 opened the door to a promising partnership between child welfare services and early intervention (EI) agencies by requiring a referral to EI services for all children under age 3 involved in a substantiated case of child abuse, neglect, or illegal drug exposure. However, little research has been conducted to assess the implications of these policies. Using data drawn from a nationally representative study conducted in 2008–2009, we observed less than a fifth of all children in substantiated cases to receive a referral to developmental services (18.2%) approximately 5 years after the passage of the amendments. Of children in contact with the U.S. child welfare system, Hispanic children of immigrants demonstrated the greatest developmental need yet were among the least likely to receive EI services by the end of the study period. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Home Care Services for Elderly People in Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Adeishvili Ia , Maglakelidze Tamar
Published: February 2016

In recent years, health service affordability for elderly people has been significantly improved within the Georgia State Health Insurance Program, although home care services for elderly people are not envisaged in any of state health care programs. Home care services for elderly people were mainly provided by nongovernmental organizations and family members (nonformal services). The objective of a survey was to study home care services rendered by nongovernmental organizations and family members in Georgia, living conditions of elderly people dependent on home care, and cost for home care services incurred by them. For study purposes, a method of direct interviews through specially constructed questionnaires was used, covering health conditions of elderly people, period of depending on care, care needs, and costs for care services. In Georgia, home care services for elderly people are mainly provided by nongovernmental organizations. The majority of interviewees (73.1%) more often use home care services rendered by nongovernmental organizations than the services envisaged by state health care programs (26.9% of interviewees use these services). Elderly people are more dependent on the assistance provided by their relatives and they give priority to the services rendered at home, rather than to institutional care (in special clinics or retirement homes). Families make a big contribution to assisting and supporting home care services for elderly people. If needed, they represent key home care service providers in Georgia. This fact should be recognized and considered while elaborating the care policy for elderly people in Georgia.
A TUF Sell
Authors: Voulgaris Carole Turley
Published: February 2016

Currently, more than 1.5 million people in the United States contribute to the maintenance of their local roads and streets through transportation utility fees charged on their monthly municipal utility bills. The fees are assessed for each property based on a particular land-use characteristic (the fee’s basis). Although their use continues to spread, transportation utility fees have faced legal challenges that generally relate to the basis a city uses to assess the fee and have limited their widespread application. This article examines the bases used by 34 cities in the United States to implement transportation utility fees and discusses how each basis relates to the success of transportation utility fees in the cities that have implemented them and in other cities that may consider adopting them.
Enhancing hybrid parallel file system through performance and space-aware data layout
Authors: He Shuibing , Liu Yan , Wang Yang , Sun Xian-He , Huang Chuanhe
Published: February 2016

Hybrid parallel file systems (PFSs), which consist of solid-state drive servers (SServer) and hard disk drive servers (HServer), have recently attracted growing attention. Compared to a traditional HServer, an SServer consistently provides improved storage performance but lacks storage space. However, most current data layout schemes do not consider the differences in performance and space between heterogeneous servers and may significantly degrade the performance of the hybrid PFSs. In this article, we propose performance and space-aware (PSA) scheme, a novel data layout scheme, which maximizes the hybrid PFSs’ performance by applying adaptive varied-size file stripes. PSA dispatches data on heterogeneous file servers not only based on storage performance but also storage space. We have implemented PSA within OrangeFS, a popular PFS in the high-performance computing domain. Our extensive experiments with representative benchmarks, including IOR, HPIO, MPI-TILE-IO, and BTIO, show that PSA provides superior I/O throughput than the default and performance-aware file data layout schemes.
Effect of roughness on surface force distributions measured by newly developed surface force apparatus with ultra-high accuracy
Authors: Kato Takahisa , Inoue Tomoyuki , Tani Naosuke , Amemiya Hironao , Kobayashi Hayato , Hasegawa Masayuki , Omata Yukiko
Published: February 2016

A pull-off force between a sphere and a flat plate is precisely investigated using a newly developed surface force apparatus (SFA). In this system, (1) a pull-off force between a spherical glass probe and a sample plate is measured in vacuum, (2) the probe is directly pulled off from the sample by an electromagnetic force, and (3) the pull-off force and displacement of the probe are measured with ultra-high resolution of 0.4 nN and 0.3 nm, respectively, which are electrical noise levels. The pull-off process, which appears as a part of force curve, is clearly measured by this system, and pull-off force is measured with high reproducibility and accuracy. Pull-off force distributions on flat surfaces of Si, SrTiO3, glassy carbon, and diamond-like carbon are measured. It is shown that despite the differences between these materials, for all four for them, the distribution strongly depends on the surface roughness, such that the relative standard deviation of pull-off force is proportional to the surface roughness ( Ra and Rz). The Greenwood and Williamson (GW) model is then used for the analysis of the pull-off force. Comparing with SFA experiments, it is shown that the pull-off force and separation displacement can be predicted by the GW model and that the pull-off force strongly depends on the standard deviation of surface height, causing the broad distribution of pull-off force at rough surfaces.
Community walking speed, sedentary or lying down time, and mortality in peripheral artery disease
Authors: McDermott Mary M , Guralnik Jack M , Ferrucci Luigi , Tian Lu , Kibbe Melina R , Greenland Philip , Green David , Liu Kiang , Zhao Lihui , Wilkins John T , Huffman Mark D , Shah Sanjiv J , Liao Yihua , Gao Ying , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Criqui Michael H
Published: February 2016

We studied whether slower community walking speed and whether greater time spent lying down or sleeping were associated with higher mortality in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Participants with an ankle–brachial index (ABI) < 0.90 were identified from Chicago medical centers. At baseline, participants reported their usual walking speed outside their home and the number of hours they spent lying down or sleeping per day. Cause of death was adjudicated using death certificates and medical record review. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidities, ABI, and other confounders. Of 1314 PAD participants, 189 (14.4%) died, including 63 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Mean follow-up was 34.9 months ± 18.1. Relative to average or normal pace (2–3 miles/hour), slower walking speed was associated with greater CVD mortality: no walking at all: hazard ratio (HR) = 4.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46–11.89; casual strolling (0–2 miles/hour): HR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.16–4.32; brisk or striding (>3 miles/hour): HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.07–4.30. These associations were not significant after additional adjustment for the six-minute walk. Relative to sleeping or lying down for 8–9 hours, fewer or greater hours sleeping or lying down were associated with higher CVD mortality: 4–7 hours: HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.06–4.05; 10–11 hours: HR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.86–8.89; ⩾12 hours: HR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.47–9.62. These associations were maintained after adjustment for the six-minute walk. In conclusion, slower walking speed outside the home and less than 8 hours or more than 9 hours lying down per day are potentially modifiable behaviors associated with increased CVD mortality in patients with PAD.
Health behavior change benefits: Perspectives of Latinos with serious mental illness
Authors: Jimenez Daniel E. , Burrows Kimberly , Aschbrenner Kelly , Barre Laura K. , Pratt Sarah I. , Alegría Margarita , Bartels Stephen J.
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to explore the perceived benefits of engaging in health behavior change from the viewpoint of overweight and obese Latinos with severe mental illness (SMI) enrolled in the U.S. Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 obese Latinos with SMI who were enrolled in a randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a motivational health promotion intervention adapted for persons with SMI. Overweight and obese Latino participants believed that engaging in health behavior change would have both physical and mental health benefits, including chronic disease management, changes in weight and body composition, and increased self-esteem. Interventions that explicitly link physical activity and healthy eating to improvements in mental health and well-being may motivate Latinos with SMI to adopt health behavior change.
The relationship between the morphological knowledge and L2 online processing of derivational words
Authors: Deng Taiping , Shi Jiawei , Bi Hongyan , Dunlap Susan , Chen Baoguo
Published: February 2016

Objectives/Research Questions:

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of morphological knowledge on second language (L2) online processing of derivational words by Chinese first language (L1)–English L2 learners.

Methodology:

Experiment 1 was performed at the single word level with a masked priming paradigm using the lexical decision task. Experiment 2 was conducted at the sentence level with a self-paced reading paradigm. According to their performance on the morphological knowledge test, the Chinese (L1)–English (L2) learners were grouped into two groups: a high morphological knowledge group and a low morphological knowledge group; and these were matched for proficiency.

Data and Analysis:

Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. In Experiment 1, mean response times and accuracy of the derived suffixed primes were analyzed between the two groups. In Experiment 2, mean response times in the regions of interest were analyzed between the two groups.

Findings/Conclusions:

In Experiment 1, results showed that a full priming effect was evident in the group with high morphological knowledge, indicating application of rule-based decompositions, whereas this effect was not observed in the group with low morphological knowledge. In Experiment 2, the group with high morphological knowledge had a significant processing cost in processing the derivational words, suggesting the employment of rule-governed decomposition. These results suggest that morphological knowledge plays an important role in online L2 morphological processing.

Originality:

In L2 morphology literature, the current study empirically explored the role of morphological knowledge in derivational processing.

Significance/Implications:

The study suggested that improvements in morphological knowledge can facilitate the rule-based processing of L2.
Questioning discrimination through critical media literacy. Findings from seven European countries
Authors: Ranieri Maria , Fabbro Francesco
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the main findings of an action-research study that took place in seven European countries in order to develop effective educational responses to prevent and combat discrimination. The study entailed the design of media and citizenship education activities, their implementation in the different educational contexts and the evaluation of their effectiveness in raising young people’s awareness of discrimination. The results of the study shed light both on the advantages and constraints of educational practice, variations that often depend on the specific cultural and social context. On the one hand, the analysis and the evaluation of educational experiences suggest that critical media literacy can enable the development of critical reading/viewing skills as well as acts of participatory and inclusive citizenship that question derogative and essentialist media representations of the Other. On the other hand, the results highlight the difficulty of promoting young people’s awareness of discrimination through active methods of teaching and learning or through media content which is far from young people’s experience, interests and concerns.
Through a social space lens – Interpreting migration of the tertiary educated
Authors: Haley Aimee
Published: February 2016

Higher education institutions are thought to rejuvenate and replenish local labour markets with recent graduates, especially in rural locales. While some graduates stay in the area of their alma mater, others return home or to other areas. The aim of this paper is to contribute a synopsis of research results from current peer-reviewed literature on the topic of internal (domestic) migration of the tertiary educated as well as introduce the concept ‘social space’ as a method for facilitating a relational interpretation of graduates’ migration propensity and location choices. Findings from this literature review indicate that regional characteristics, human capital and demographic factors are most often cited as affecting migration propensity and location choices among the tertiary educated. However, the interpretation of these factors is often taken in isolation and from economic perspectives. ‘Social space’, from four philosophical starting points, is discussed as an approach to understanding the interdependence of these factors. Examples of how higher education migration research can develop into different directions by using social space theory from different philosophical perspectives are also discussed.
Pain and its clinical associations in individuals with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lee Annemarie L , Rawlings Sarah , Bennett Katharine A , Armstrong David
Published: February 2016

Pain is recognized as a clinical complication in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the prevalence, characteristics and clinical associations of this co-morbidity have not been systematically reviewed. Electronic searches of six databases were performed. For inclusion in phase 1, studies reported a pain prevalence rate in CF and/or its clinical associations. For phase 2, included studies reported the measurement properties of validity, reliability and responsiveness of an instrument assessing pain in CF. Two independent reviewers rated the quality of evidence (phase 1) and the measurement properties using the 4-point COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist (phase 2). Of the 400 studies identified in the literature, 16 met the inclusion criteria for phase 1 and 5 for phase 2. The mean (SD) quality score (of 16) was 11.8 (2.3). The pooled prevalence of pain in adults with CF was 77% (95% confidence interval (CI): 57%–92%) and in children was 42% (95% CI: 0%–91%). Common regions of pain included back, abdomen, chest and limbs. In children and adults, pain was associated with a poorer quality of life (QOL) and significant interference with treatments. Measurement properties of three instruments (Brief Pain Inventory, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Daily Pain Assessment-CF) were construct validity and criterion-predictive validity, with variable findings based on ‘fair’ to ‘good’ quality studies. Pain is a common problem in both children and adults with CF. It has negative clinical associations with QOL and the ability to successfully undertake treatment. Further research exploring the measurement properties of instruments assessing pain is required.
Increased fetal myocardial sensitivity to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism during ovine fetal growth restriction
Authors: Barry James S , Rozance Paul J , Brown Laura D , Anthony Russell V , Thornburg Kent L , Hay William W
Published: February 2016

Unlike other visceral organs, myocardial weight is maintained in relation to fetal body weight in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetal sheep despite hypoinsulinemia and global nutrient restriction. We designed experiments in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency and restricted growth to determine basal and insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose and oxygen metabolism and test the hypothesis that myocardial insulin sensitivity would be increased in the IUGR heart. IUGR was induced by maternal hyperthermia during gestation. Control (C) and IUGR fetal myocardial metabolism were measured at baseline and under acute hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp conditions at 128–132 days gestation using fluorescent microspheres to determine myocardial blood flow. Fetal body and heart weights were reduced by 33% ( P = 0.008) and 30% ( P = 0.027), respectively. Heart weight to body weight ratios were not different. Basal left ventricular (LV) myocardial blood flow per gram of LV tissue was maintained in IUGR fetuses compared to controls. Insulin increased LV myocardial blood flow by ∼38% ( P < 0.01), but insulin-stimulated LV myocardial blood flow in IUGR fetuses was 73% greater than controls. Similar to previous reports testing acute hypoxia, LV blood flow was inversely related to arterial oxygen concentration ( r2 = 0.71) in both control and IUGR animals. Basal LV myocardial glucose delivery and uptake rates were not different between IUGR and control fetuses. Insulin increased LV myocardial glucose delivery (by 40%) and uptake (by 78%) ( P < 0.01), but to a greater extent in the IUGR fetuses compared to controls. During basal and hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp conditions LV myocardial oxygen delivery, oxygen uptake, and oxygen extraction efficiency were not different between groups. These novel results demonstrate that the fetal heart exposed to nutrient and oxygen deprivation from placental insufficiency appears to maintain myocardial energy supply in the IUGR condition via increased glucose uptake and metabolic response to insulin, which support myocardial function and growth.
Early Post-Registry Experience With Drug-Eluting Stents in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Wooster Mathew , Dansey Kirsten , Shames Murray
Published: February 2016

Objective:

Restenosis remains the primary failure mode after stent placement in the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Drug-eluting technology aims to reduce intimal hyperplasia and subsequent stent failure, improving durability for endovascular management of SFA occlusive disease. We present our early experience with the Cook Zilver PTX stent.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing placement of the Cook Zilver PTX stent for SFA or popliteal disease since its availability to our institution in October 2013. Patients treated with additional non-PTX stents were excluded. Patient demographics, comorbidities, concomitant procedures, TASC classification, procedural details, and follow-up were reviewed.

Results:

Thirty-one limbs in 30 patients were treated with Zilver PTX stents, 5 limbs were excluded for concomitant use of non-PTX stents, leaving 26 limbs in 26 patients for analysis. Indications for intervention were claudication in 17 (65.4%), rest pain in 1 (3.8%), and tissue loss in 8 (30.8%). A median of 2 PTX stents per limb was used to treat a mean length of 14.2 ± 11 cm with technical success of 100%. Concomitant inflow (N = 4) or atherectomy (N = 2) interventions were performed in 23%. Sixty-nine percent of lesions were TASC C (N = 7) or D (N = 11) and 42% were total occlusions. Over a mean 20-week follow-up, 2 occlusions were noted (mean 27 weeks), one was treated with surgical bypass and the other with endovascular salvage. Limb salvage in the series was 92.3% with 2 patients requiring major amputations for infected, non-healing wounds, despite patent stents.

Conclusion:

On mean 20-week follow-up, we have seen 92.3% primary patency and 96.2% secondary patency. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up will be required to determine the true real-world efficacy of this drug-eluting device, but early experience is encouraging and warrants continued trial.
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in the Upper Extremity
Authors: Greenberg Jacques , Troutman Douglas A. , Shubinets Valeriy , Dougherty Matthew J. , Calligaro Keith D.
Published: February 2016

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare form of venous gangrene that arises secondary to occlusion of venous outflow from a limb. Classically described in the lower extremity, it is rare in the upper extremity. We present a case report of upper extremity PCD and a systematic review with data analysis of 37 cases of PCD published in PubMed. Our analysis showed that concurrent lower extremity PCD was a statistically significant marker for worse outcomes in this patient population.
A Study of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Abuse, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Sample of Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Application Users
Authors: Duncan Dustin T. , Goedel William C. , Stults Christopher B. , Brady William J. , Brooks Forrest A. , Blakely Jermaine S. , Hagen Daniel
Published: February 2016

Geosocial-networking smartphone applications (“apps”) are widely used by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and facilitate connections between users based on proximity and attraction. MSM have sexual encounters and relationships of varying degrees of emotional and physical intimacy with app-met individuals, potentially placing them at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of the current study was to utilize a geosocial-networking application to investigate relationships between experiences of IPV victimization as it relates to substance use and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of MSM. Participants ( n = 175) were recruited by means of broadcast advertisements on an application widely used by MSM (Grindr) to seek sexual partners. Multivariable regression models were fit to examine associations between IPV, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Lifetime experiences of IPV victimization were common, where 37.7% of respondents reported having experienced at least one form of IPV. While a marginally significant positive association between IPV and substance abuse was detected in multivariable models ( p = .095), individual forms of IPV were strongly associated with substance abuse. For example, sexual IPV victimization was associated with an increase in substance abuse in the preceding month ( p = .004). Experiences of IPV victimization were associated with higher numbers of partners for both condomless receptive and insertive anal intercourse ( p < .05). Given the relatively high prevalence of IPV victimization and its associations with substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors, these findings suggest that IPV screening and prevention programs may reduce substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors in this population.
Managing Problem Drinking: Screening Tools and Brief Interventions for Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Dwyer-Clonts Michael , Frates Elizabeth , Suzuki Joji
Published: February 2016

A high percentage of patients seen in primary care clinics partake in excessive alcohol consumption. It leads to numerous health problems and remains one of the leading risk factors for chronic disease. Despite the health concerns, screening for and intervening in patients’ alcohol misuse has yet to become standard practice in many primary care settings. There is well-established empirical evidence that brief doctor-patient interactions reduce alcohol consumption among excessive drinkers in primary care settings. This article draws on randomized controlled trials and literature on screening techniques, motivational interviewing, the transtheoretical model of behavior change, and medication-assisted treatments to enhance brief intervention methodology. Through this review, evidence-based practical strategies are presented to primary care doctors that reduce alcohol consumption in patients screened as problem drinkers. Referral information for those individuals with severe drinking problems is included. We propose that short, multicomponent interventions are most effective when they include interventions that utilize the lifestyle medicine philosophy, a nonjudgmental therapeutic alliance, and account for patient concerns more directly.
Depression predictors within six months of ischemic stroke: The DEPRESS Study
Authors: Guiraud Vincent , Gallarda Thierry , Calvet David , Turc Guillaume , Oppenheim Catherine , Rouillon Frédéric , Mas Jean-Louis
Published: February 2016

Background

Depression negatively affects rehabilitation and quality of life after stroke. Identifying in the acute phase patients at high risk for post-stroke depression would facilitate early detection of depressive symptoms.

Methods

The DEPRESS (Depression Predictors after Ischemic Stroke) study was a prospective cohort study designed to identify baseline predictors of depression occurring within six months after ischemic stroke and high-risk patients for post-stroke depression. All patients without aphasia were screened for depression by a neurologist using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a psychiatrist with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In severely aphasic patients, depression was diagnosed using the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale and the Visual Analog Mood Scale.

Results

Depression was present in 61 of 251 (24%) patients enrolled in the DEPRESS study. Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, stressful life event exposure in the month preceding stroke onset, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of depression within six months after ischemic stroke. Depression was more frequent in patients with left caudate and/or lenticular nucleus lesion (OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.97–5.91), but the difference was not significant. The presence of ≥2 predictors identified the largest proportion of depressed patients (62%) in the smallest proportion of the cohort (36%).

Conclusion

Female gender, prior history of depression, major physical disability, prior history of stroke, recent stressful life event exposure before stroke, and pathologic crying were significant predictors of post-stroke depression occurring within six months after stroke onset.
Mobile public service media in Australia: Ubiquity and its consequences
Authors: Martin Fiona R
Published: February 2016

This article examines the roots and consequences of public service broadcasters’ strategic commitment to digital universalism and the ‘anything, anywhere, anytime’ paradigm of mobile media delivery. Using policy analysis, expert interviews and case studies it traces the adaptation of national public service broadcaster to global information capital, linking broadcasters’ pursuit of multiplatform ubiquity with competition policy, the rise of ubiquitous computing and its commercial realization in global mobile media markets. It then analyses the challenges of implementing a public sector mobile agenda in the Australian context, where the scope of mobile broadband uptake is internationally significant. The analysis explores the dynamics of mobile media planning and investment at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the Special Broadcasting Service, identifying new expressions of universalism in online access and accessibility, new costs in research, design, development and delivery, and significant debates emerging around the prioritization, privatization and commercialization of public resources.
Serotype O:8 isolates in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex have different O-antigen gene clusters and produce various forms of rough LPS
Authors: Kenyon Johanna J , Duda Katarzyna A , De Felice Antonia , Cunneen Monica M , Molinaro Antonio , Laitinen Juha , Skurnik Mikael , Holst Otto , Reeves Peter R , De Castro Cristina
Published: February 2016

In Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, the O-antigen of LPS is used for the serological characterization of strains, and 21 serotypes have been identified to date. The O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster and corresponding O-antigen structure have been described for 18, leaving O:8, O:13 and O:14 unresolved. In this study, two O:8 isolates were examined. The O-antigen gene cluster sequence of strain 151 was near identical to serotype O:4a, though a frame-shift mutation was found in ddhD, while No. 6 was different to 151 and carried the O:1b gene cluster. Structural analysis revealed that No. 6 produced a deeply truncated LPS, suggesting a mutation within the waaF gene. Both ddhD and waaF were cloned and expressed in 151 and No. 6 strains, respectively, and it appeared that expression of ddhD gene in strain 151 restored the O-antigen on LPS, while waaF in No. 6 resulted in an LPS truncated less severely but still without the O-antigen, suggesting that other mutations occurred in this strain. Thus, both O:8 isolates were found to be spontaneous O-antigen-negative mutants derived from other validated serotypes, and we propose to remove this serotype from the O-serotyping scheme, as the O:8 serological specificity is not based on the O-antigen.
Differential regulation of aldose reductase expression during macrophage polarization depends on hyperglycemia
Authors: Erbel Christian , Rupp Gregor , Domschke Gabriele , Linden Fabian , Akhavanpoor Mohammadreza , Doesch Andreas O , Katus Hugo A , Gleissner Christian A
Published: February 2016

Aldose reductase (AR; gene AKR1B1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway and has been associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Here, we sought to identify the mechanisms underlying differential AR expression in human atherosclerotic plaque macrophages. In vitro, M1-polarized human monocyte-derived macrophages expressed significantly higher levels of AKR1B1 mRNA and AR protein compared with M2-polarized macrophages. AR activity was significantly higher in M1 macrophages. AKR1B1 mRNA expression correlated positively with the M1 marker TNF ( r = 0.430, P = 0.006) and negatively with the M2 marker MRC1 ( r = −0.443, P = 0.044). Increased AR expression in M1 macrophages depended on hyperglycemia. Concomitantly, expression of SLC2A1 (coding for the Glc transporter GLUT-1) was significantly higher in M1 than in M2 macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of GLUT-1 using STF-32 completely abrogated Glc-induced AR up-regulation in M1 macrophages. When analyzing AR expression in post-mortem coronary artery plaque macrophages, a history of diabetes was associated with a significantly increased proportion of CD68+AR++ macrophages, supporting the in vivo relevance of our in vitro findings. We demonstrate that the phenotype of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages may be affected by cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycemia. Our data illustrate the complex interplay between systemic and local factors in atherogenesis.
Determination of the rolling resistance of roller skis
Authors: Schindelwig Kurt , Mössner Martin , Hasler Michael , Nachbauer Werner
Published: February 2016

The rolling resistance of skis used in roller skiing competitions should resemble the gliding resistance of cross-country skis to allow specific training and moving patterns for cross-country skiing and to guarantee equal opportunities for athletes in roller ski races. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a portable rolling resistance meter to precisely measure the rolling resistance of roller skis. Measurements were based on recordings of the angular deceleration of a flywheel due to the rolling resistance between a roller ski’s wheel and the flywheel’s steel surface. Rolling resistance coefficients of four roller ski types ranged between 0.019 and 0.025. Measurements of the rolling resistance coefficient showed a precision of 1.26%. Substantial rolling resistance coefficient variations (10%) were observed for wheels of the same type. Furthermore, the rolling resistance coefficient was found to be negatively correlated with normal load or ambient temperature. The proposed rolling resistance meter is appropriate to determine the rolling resistance coefficient of roller skis’ wheels precisely.
Homologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in selected elderly patients: an open-label, uncontrolled, pilot study
Authors: Bottegoni Carlo , Dei Giudici Luca , Salvemini Sergio , Chiurazzi Enrico , Bencivenga Rosella , Gigante Antonio
Published: February 2016

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular injections obtained from blood donors (homologous PRP) on elderly patients with early or moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA) who are not candidates for autologous PRP treatment.

Methods:

A total of 60 symptomatic patients, aged 65–86 years, affected by hematologic disorders and early or moderate knee OA, were treated with 5 ml of homologous PRP intra-articular injections every 14 days for a total of three injections. Clinical evaluations before the treatment, and after 2 and 6 months were performed by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Equal Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS) scores. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were recorded.

Results:

No severe complications were noted during the treatment and the follow-up period. A statistically significant improvement from basal evaluation to the 2-month follow-up visit was observed, whereas a statistically significant worsening from the 2-month to the 6-month follow-up visit was showed. The overall worst results were observed in patients aged 80 years or over and in those affected by minor bone attrition. It was found that 90% of patients were satisfied at the 6-month evaluation.

Conclusions:

Homologous PRP has an excellent safety profile but offers only a short-term clinical improvement in selected elderly patients with knee OA who are not candidates for autologous PRP treatment. Increasing age and developing degeneration result in a decreased potential for homologous PRP injection therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Pomarino David , Ramírez Llamas Juliana , Pomarino Andrea
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study is to provide clinical examination methods that were designed specifically to assess the level of severity among children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW). The idiopathic toe-walking pattern of 836 children was recorded and analyzed during 4 years. Questionnaires and clinical measurements were evaluated, along with differential tests, assessing the occurrence and severity of toe walking. Questions about family history and onset of toe walking were evaluated along with special tests and measurements assessing the occurrence and severity of toe walking. The different measurements apply during this study, ankle dorsiflexion, lumbar lordosis angle, as well as the clinical spin test, walking after spin test, and heel walking test revealed in all cases that children with a positive family predisposition were significantly more affected than children with negative family predisposition. It is concluded that children with ITW and a positive family predisposition were more intensively affected during all performed clinical tests than children with no family predisposition. The tests used during this study have not being used by any other researches, even though they showed significant differences between the children with ITW and children with a normal gait pattern.

Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level II: development of diagnostic test with consecutive patients and control patients
Effectiveness of Anise Oil for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Mosaffa-Jahromi Maryam , Tamaddon Ali-Mohammad , Afsharypuor Suleiman , Salehi Alireza , Seradj Seyed Hassan , Pasalar Mehdi , Jafari Peyman , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: February 2016

Depression is a prevalent disorder among patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of a traditional Persian medicine product, anise oil, in removing the symptoms of mild to moderate depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. In a randomized double-blinded active and placebo controlled clinical trial, 120 participants with mild to moderate depression according to the Beck Depression Inventory–II total scores were categorized into 3 equal groups and received anise oil, Colpermin, and placebo. The results at the end of trial (week 4) and follow-up (week 6) demonstrated significant priority against active and placebo groups. Although the mechanism is unknown yet, anise oil could be a promising choice of treatment for depressed patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
The Process of Writing a Constructivist Dissertation
Authors: Mutepa Raphael M.
Published: February 2016

The study depicts the procedure of writing a constructivist dissertation by reporting side by side the story of HIV-infected African American women’s reproductive health decision-making. The context of these women served as the framework from which the dissertation was written. The article describes how these women and their stakeholders experience HIV/AIDS and how they make their reproductive health decisions. These women’s perceptions and psychosocial factors are examined to understand what they view as important to them as women and as mothers. The article addresses how to teach doctoral students to complete doctoral research using the constructivist paradigm for research. Implications for social work education and practice are discussed.