bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN SIKAP JUJUR DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI FUNGSI KUADRAT MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Suksmanti Ruci
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini  mendeskripsikan peningkatan sikap kejujuran dan hasil belajar Matematika khususnya materi fungsi kuadrat dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning . Sikap jujur perlu mendapatkan prioritas dalam pendidikan dikarenakan nilai kejujuran sekarang ini sudah kian menipis. Guru selain bertanggung jawab atas hasil belajar juga mempunyai kewajiban agar peserta didik mampu bersikap jujur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas VII tingkat SMP. Hasil penelitian penelitian tindakan kelas menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kejujuran siswa mengalami kenaikan dari pra siklus ke siklus I sebesar 5,31% dan pada siklus II mengalami knaikan sebesar 10,31%. Selain itu, pembelajaran Problem Based Learing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi fungsi kuadrat bagi siswa sebesar 13,73%. The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of honesty attitudes and mathematics learning outcomes, especially the quadratic function material with the Problem Based Learning model. Honest attitude needs to get priority in education because the value of honesty is now dwindling. Besides being responsible for learning outcomes, teachers also have an obligation so that students are able to be honest. This type of research is a classroom action research with research subjects of class VII junior high school students. The results of classroom action research showed that the level of student honesty increased from pre-cycle to cycle I by 5.31% and in cycle II experienced an increase of 10.31%. In addition, Problem Based Learing learning can improve mathematics learning outcomes of the quadratic function material for students by 13.73%.
Strategi Pemahaman Bacaan dalam Teks Bahasa Melayu Sebagai Bahasa Kedua dalam kalangan Murid Suku Kaum Rungus di Sabah
Authors: Goyi Nalmon , Kamaruddin Rohaidah , Abdul Halim Hazlina , Nizam Sha'ri Sharil
Published: December 2020

Kajian ini dijalankan terhadap murid suku kaum Rungus di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sikuati II, Kudat, Sabah. Tinjauan lapangan telah melibatkan enam puluh tiga orang murid dalam tingkatan empat. Mereka terdiri daripada dua kumpulan berdasarkan keputusan Pentaksiran Tingkatan Tiga. Kumpulan Pencapaian Rendah (KPR) terdiri daripada tiga puluh tujuh orang peserta sementara Kumpulan Pencapaian Tinggi (KPT) seramai dua puluh enam orang peserta. Penulis meneroka kekerapan penggunaan strategi kognitif dan meta kognitif peserta KPR dan KPT dalam pemahaman bacaan teks bahasa Melayu. Penulis memanipulasikan empat belas item soal selidik adaptasi daripada kajian Osuji (2017) dan menggunakan pemeringkatan min untuk semua item strategi. Bagi menentukan kekerapan penggunaan strategi kognitif dan meta kognitif oleh peserta kajian semasa menyempurnakan tugas pemahaman bacaan, penulis menetapkan titik interval 0.80 pada skala Likert 5 mata. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua peserta kumpulan lebih kerap menggunakan strategi meta kognitif daripada strategi kognitif dalam pemahaman bacaan teks bahasa Melayu. Walau bagaimanapun, nilai min kekerapan penggunaan kedua-dua strategi dalam data KPT adalah lebih tinggi daripada KPR. Hasil kajian ini mempunyai implikasi positif terhadap pengajaran membaca dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu, khususnya dalam kalangan murid-murid peribumi Sabah yang bukan penutur jati bahasa Melayu.
Integration of ICT in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Feature of Systematic Literature
Authors: Kek Pearl Jing Wen , Maat Siti Mistima
Published: December 2020

The present study has been developed based on the adoption of ICT in the teaching process of mathematics. There are certain research questions and methods that have been identified in the present study to understand the background of ICT adoption. Review method of the study has been developed based on selection criteria, search strategy and critical appraisal. The review method has helped to identify essential articles based on adoption and challenges of ICT in the education sector. Besides, a critical appraisal has been added in the study which is developed based on ten different themes of ICT integration. Each of the themes has aimed to meet the research questions of the present study. Apart from this, data collection, data analysis has been included in the present study. Moreover, the study has included research findings, recommendations and conclusion.
Impact of metal nanoparticles on the ecology of soil biocenosis (literature review)
Authors: Sosedova Larisa M. , Novikov Michail A. , Titov Evgeniy A.
Published: December 2020

This review contains analysis and synthesis of data on the study of metal nanoparticles’ effects on soil, plants, and microbial communities. Absorption of nanoparticles by soil can adversely affect the state of soil biota and plants as its components, posing a serious risk to human health. It is shown soil contamination with metals in nanoform to pronounce negative character, which consists of disrupting the biocenosis, death of its inhabitants, and reducing their reproduction. At the same time, the degree of negative impact was determined by the type of nanometal and composition of soil fauna. It was proposed to study the environmental consequences of nanotechnology by the complex interactions between plants and nano preparation. The review presents a new direction in nanotechnology - the method of extracting metal nanoparticles from plants, due to the ability to accumulate in leaves. The main advantage of the “green” production method over the “chemical” one is the reduction of the toxic properties of nanometals in comparison with the “chemical” analogs. Creation of conjugates of metal nanoparticles and substances of plant origin is promising. Conjugates of silver nanoparticles and phenolic groups contained in leaves are called “plant antibiotics” and do not have side effects on humans. The review presents an adverse dose-dependent effect of the influence of TiO, CuO, and other metal nanoparticles on root growth, seed germination, plant biomass growth, species diversity, the antimicrobial and enzymatic activity of soil microflora. Contrary, some studies emphasize the prospect of using nanocomposites of metals such as copper, iron, zinc, silver on soil and plants due to their bactericidal properties. A joint unification of the efforts of scientists will help to determine the possible consequences of the use of nanomaterials and protect against the potential threat of uncontrolled development of nanotechnology for the natural environment. Search and selection of sources for review were, carried out using open databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and RSCI, from 2005 to 2019.
Comparative evaluation of the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes in patients with occupational pathology of various genesis
Authors: Boklazhenko Elena V. , Bodienkova Galina M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. One important aspect of modern research is the study of the role of the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes in the development of a variety of pathological processes. The aim of the study was to compare the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes and their intercellular cooperation in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), with vibration disease (VD) from exposure to local vibration, with VD from combined exposure to general and local vibration, chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). Material and methods. The phenotypical structure of lymphocytes was estimated by the method of indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to molecules CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, CD95+. Results. The general regularity of changes of an immunophenotype of lymphocytes in patients with the occupational pathology induced by the influence of physical and chemical factors was established to be the hyperactivation of immune responses characterized by an increase in the number of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD20+) of the various degree of expressiveness. Differences between the compared groups were characterized by an elevation increase in the number of mature T-lymphocytes (CD3+) in persons with SHL concerning patients with the VD from the combined impact of the general and local vibration, increase of natural killers (CD16+) in comparison with the VD due to a local vibration. The latter showed lower levels of early lymphocyte activation markers (CD25+) than BB due to combined exposure to local and general vibration and CMI. Features of pathogenetically significant intercellular interactions, manifested by a difference in number and composition of correlation pairs, are revealed. Discussion. The results show a different degree of expression of immune responses, which can be due to many factors (severity of the disease course, an initial background of immunoreactivity before starting work in harmful working conditions, work experience, etc.). Conclusion. The detected changes in the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes and their cooperation in patients with occupational pathology formed under the influence of physical and chemical factors seem to be due to the specificity of the affecting occupational factors and, as a result, the degree of expression of the pathological process.
Features of the nervous system damage in the registration of somatosensory-evoked
potentials in patients with vibration disease
Authors: Vasileva Larisa S. , Rusanova Dina V. , Slivnitsyna Natalya V. , Lakhman Oleg L.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Objective data necessary for acquiring information about the localization and severity of the pathological process in afferent conductive structures can be obtained by registering somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). The goal is to identify neurophysiological features during the registration of SSEPs during stimulation of the median and tibial nerves in patients with the vibrational disease (VD). Material and methods. 140 people were examined: group 1 - 50 patients with VD associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration (aged 48.7 ± 3.1 years); Group 2 - 50 patients with VD associated with exposure to local vibration (aged 48.9 ± 2.8 years); Group 3 - control, including 40 relatively healthy men without the exposure to vibration (aged 49.1 ± 2.5 years). Registration of SSEP was carried out with stimulation of the median and tibial nerves. Statistical processing of the results is “Statistica 10.0” (StatSoft, USA, 2011). The differences in the mean values in the samples were estimated using the Wilcoxon criterion. The differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05 and 0.01. Results. When the median nerve was stimulated, the latency of the SSVP components increased: for group 1 - indices N9, N10, N11, N13, N20, P25, N30, for group 2 - components N10, N11, N13, N30. A marked increase in latency and intervals was found in group 1. When the tibial nerve was stimulated in group 1, a statistically significant increase in the latency of components N18, N22, N30, characterizing the conduction from the popliteal fossa to the lumbar and then to the cervical level of the spine was revealed. Discussion. The results of the study are consistent with data from previous studies on SSEPs with stimulation of the median nerve. For the first time, it was revealed that in patients of group 1, the registration of SSEP during stimulation of the tibial nerve gives an increase in the time of the impulse at the peripheral level in the popliteal fossa. Conclusion. The SSVP registration method expands the state of afferent pathways. Changes in the state of neurons of the central afferent conducting structures in patients of groups 1 and 2 consisted of more pronounced functional changes at the level of the cervical spinal cord and somatosensory cortex in group 1. During stimulation of the tibial nerve, a slowing down of the afferent excitation wave from the distal sections and further along the ascending paths of the spinal cord to the posterior pillars of the cervical region was noted.
State of central and peripheral conducting structures in patients with vibration disease, burdened with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rusanova Dina V. , Lakhman Oleg L. , Slivnitsyna Natalya V. , Kuks Alla N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is associated with an imbalance of endocrine regulation, the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), which leads to the development of neurological complications. One of the reasons is microcirculation disorders that involve the CNS and peripheral nerves in the pathological process. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of peripheral nerves and afferent pathways in workers with VD, and patients with VD, burdened with MS. Material and methods. We examined: 41 patients with VD associated with combined local and general vibration (group 1), group 2 - patients with VD burdened with MS (29 people), control (group 3) - 33 people. Check somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and electroneuromyography was performed on the NCS system «Neuro-EMG-Micro», «Neurosoft». Results. In group 2, violations of the central afferent pathways at the level of the cervical spine and the somatosensory cortex were detected, expressed in an increase in the latency period of components P25 and N30 and the duration of the interval N11-N13. When testing the motor and sensory components of peripheral nerves, patients with VD, burdened with MS, were found to have a more pronounced decrease in SPI for the sensory and motor components of the tibial nerve, and increased residual latency. Discussion. Changes in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves in MS are aggravated by the impact of vibration - changes in carbohydrate, protein, and enzymatic metabolism, triggering processes that lead to polyneuropathy. Exposure to vibration generates chronic stress (external factor MS) associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and the development of insulin resistance. Conclusion. In group 2, there was an increase in moderate autonomous-sensory polyneuropathy of the hands and feet and peripheral angio-dystonic syndrome of the hands. Violations in the state of the central afferent pathways at the level of the cervical spine and cortical structures of the somatosensory cortex were detected. Exposure to vibration and MS leads to an aggravation of demyelination of sensory and motor axons of peripheral nerves, expressed in the legs.
Assessment of occupational health risk for employees of the main occupations of aluminum production
Authors: Meshchakova Nina M. , Shayakhmetov Salim F. , Rukavyshnikov Viktor S. , Merinov Alexey V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The Russian aluminum industry is one of the world’s leading producers of aluminum. At the same time, the features of aluminum production technology contribute to the formation of unfavorable working conditions and increased risk to the health of workers. In this regard, an urgent but insufficiently studied issue in the production of aluminum is the assessment of occupational risks that establish the likelihood of health disorders in workers. Material and methods. The basis of the assessment of occupational risks was the existing regulatory documents (Guidelines) issued by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Russian Consumer Health and Epidemiology. Existing methodical recommendations and medical technologies were used to calculate occupational risks and allowable working time (experience) under the chemical factor. The values of the annual volume of the air inhaled by the individual of the production environment and the average annual concentrations of toxicants, determined in the air of the working zone of the employees of the main occupational groups, were used. Occupational risk calculations were carried out over a period of 25 years. The total risk assessment for individual occupational groups was conducted under the probability (risk) rule calculated for individual chemicals. Results. Studies have found the average annual concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area over the past 5 years to be significantly lower when using the upgraded electrolysis technology (UET) compared to the traditional technology of self-burning anodes (SBA). The exception was hydrofluoride, whose concentrations did not depend on the technologies used, exceeding the MPC by 1.7 - 3.0 times. The total health risk for employees of the main occupations over a period of 25 years was in the range of 7.2 to 22.1% when using SBA, which is almost 2 times higher than when using UET (from 3.7 to 11.6 %). The highest levels of risk were observed in the group of workers using SBA and operators of electrolysis baths with UET, and the lowest - in the crane operators using both technologies. Conclusion. The use of indices of occupational risk and acceptable working hours under the influence of adverse production factors allows identifying a contingent of employees with an increased level of exposure to occupational hazards. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to predict the levels of occupational morbidity and evaluate the effectiveness of measures to improve working conditions, which plays an important role in managing occupational risk.
Experimental study of the gonadotoxic effect of forest fire smoke
Authors: Novikov Mikhail A. , Vokina Vera A. , Andreeva Elizaveta S. , Alekseenko Anton N. , Sosedova Larisa M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study of the effects of air smoke during natural fires on the reproductive system is the actual scientific problem at present. Material and methods. The experimental study took place in 2 stages. At the first stage of the study, white male rats were exposed to the smoke-bearing effects of wildfire for 7 days (4 hours a day), and at the second stage, 5 days a week (4 hours a day) for one month. Immediately after the end of the exposure, the animals were decapitated under light ether anesthesia to study the morphofunctional state of the reproductive system, which included counting the total number of spermatogonia, the number of tubules with desquamated epithelium, as well as determining the spermatogenesis index and the number of Leydig cells. Results. The functional state of the reproductive system of male white rats after exposure to smoke for 1 week did not have statistically significant differences from the animals of the control group. At the same time, an increment in the duration of exposure (4 weeks) led to significant morphological and functional disorders of the reproductive system of male white rats, characterized by a decrease in the spermatogenesis index with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of spermatogonia and the number of interstitial Leydig cells. Discussion. Male reproductive health can be a sensitive marker of environmental factors, and there is no evidence of smoke from natural fires in modern literature. This study justifies the need to develop new approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of adverse effects on the body for a long stay in a smoke area. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the prolonged exposure to combustion products released during a forest fire to lead to inhibition of reproductive function in male white rats.
Optimization of conditions for the sample preparation using mathematical planning for determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine using method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Alekseenko A. N. , Zhurba O. M. , Merinov A. V. , Shayakhmetov S. F.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Biological monitoring of 1-hydroxypyrene is the most widely used method for evaluating the effects of PAHs on humans. The determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine is performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Material and methods. Sample preparation consists of extracting the analyte from the biological matrix by 2-fold liquid extraction with hexane, evaporation the extract to the dry residue in the nitrogen current, and re-dissolution of the dry residue in the silylating agent BSTFA. We used gas chromatograph Agilent 7890A with an HP-5MS capillary column and a mass-selective detector. 1-hydroxypyrene was identified as trimethyl silane on a mass chromatogram based on the retention time and intensity ratio of the registered ions. Results. Optimization of the conditions for liquid extraction of 1-hydroxypyrene was performed using mathematical planning, varying the mass of magnesium sulfate, the extraction time, and the extraction multiplicity. The planning matrix included eight experiments, and the degree extraction of 1-hydroxypyrene was used as an optimization parameter. Interpretation of the model showed the multiplicity of extraction to contribute more to the formation of the degree of extraction than the mass of magnesium sulfate and the extraction time. Discussion. The proposed method foк the sample preparation, based on the extraction of 1-hydroxypyrene by 2-fold liquid extraction with hexane for 2 min with the addition of 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate to the biological sample, allowed reaching the detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml. The evaluation of metrological characteristics showed RSD of the reproducibility to do not exceed 6.4%, the systematic error is not significant, and the accuracy index in the form of a total error is not higher than 15%. Levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine of aluminum production workers are 53 - 414 times higher than in the control group. Conclusion. The choice of optimal conditions for liquid extraction of 1-hydroxypyrene by mathematical planning allowed developing a method for the determination this analyte in urine by GC-MS for biological monitoring.
POLA ALIRAN PANAS BERDASARKAN ANALISIS FLUIDA DAN MINERAL UBAHAN DI DAERAH PANAS BUMI SORIK MARAPI, KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL, PROVINSI SUMATRA UTARA
Authors: Azizi Hisyam Azhar , Agus Didit Haryanto  , Johanes Hutabarat  , Dicky Muslim  , Dewi Gentana  , Ryan Hidayat
Published: December 2020

Daerah panas bumi Sorik Marapi di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Provinsi Sumatra Utara merupakan sistem panas bumi bertemperatur tinggi yang diduga dari karakteristik kimia air panas yang muncul di permukaan. Kehadiran mineral ubahan seperti epidot pada serbuk bor sumur eksplorasi memperkuat pendugaan temperatur reservoir yang mencapai 235⁰C. Karakteristik air panas bersifat lebih asam di sekitar fumarol dan mineral ubahan yang didapatkan dari sumur bor mencerminkan zona upflow sedangkan kelompok mata air panas berupa air klorida ber pH netral di sebelah utara dengan elevasi yang lebih rendah mencerminkan zona outflow sistem panas bumi di sini. Hal ini merupakan ciri khas aliran fluida panas yang terjadi di daerah panas bumi sistem vulkanik dengan morfologi terjal (steep terrain volcanic system) seperti halnya daerah Sorik Marapi.
Effect of Supplementing Cassava with Okara on Biscuit Quality
Authors: Folasade Maria Makinde , Esther Olaitan Abolade
Published: December 2020

Okara is a nutritious by-product of soy milk industry; however it is discarded as industrial waste because it is perishable and other uses for it have not been fully identified. The feasibility of utilization of okara in food formulations was investigated. Five blends of composite flour were prepared by combining cassava flour with 10% to 50% of okara flour, respectively. The 100% cassava flour served as control. The functional and pasting properties of the flour blends as well as the chemical and sensory properties of biscuit samples were determined. Statistically significant (p≤0.05) difference in functional properties was observed between cassava flour supplemented with different levels of okara. The pasting properties showed that peak and final viscosities decreased with increase in level of okara flour in the blend. The biscuit samples had protein (4.7-11.9%), ash (1.63-2.17%), crude fibre (17.13-20.38%), fat (17.9- 23.4%), carbohydrate (34.9-53.0%) and energy (349.8-363.5 Kcal/g). Anti-nutritional components (oxalate, phytate and tannin) were significantly affected by inclusion of okara in the formulation. The sensorial characteristics of biscuits prepared from cassava and okara showed significant difference (p≤0.05) compared to the control. Cassava flour could be supplemented with okara flour up to 20% level in the production of biscuits with improved nutritional quality without affecting sensorial acceptability. The results from this study could be adopted by indigenous food industries that want to take the functional and nutritional advantage of okara flour to supplement starchy food ingredients.
Species Richness of Leaf Roller and Stem Borers (Lepidoptera) Associated with Different Paddy Growth and First Documentation of Its DNA Barcode
Authors: Yaakop Salmah , David-Dass Angeline , Shaharuddin Ummi Shuhaida , Sabri Suliza , Badrulisham Aqilah Sakinah , Che-Radziah Che Mohd Zain
Published: December 2020

Leaf folder and stem borer are pest moths (Lepidoptera) of paddy crop and caused serious damage and significant rice yield loss. The richness, abundance, and diversity of the pest moths were calculated in one paddy planting season and sampled from a model conventional paddy field, located on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Sabak Bernam, Selangor). The adult and immature stages of moths associated with paddy plants have been sampled using active sampling namely sweep net and stem cross-cutting. A total of 189 individuals belonging to five species under two families (Crambidae and Noctuidae) were recorded. Overall, the richness (R’), diversity (H’), and evenness (E’) index of lepidopteran species were 0.76, 1.51, and 0.90, respectively. The richness and species abundance throughout the paddy stages were discussed. The DNA barcode of five collected species using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) viz. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (leaf folder), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), Chilo auricilius Dudgeon, Sesamia inferens (Walker), and Parapoynx stagnalis (Zeller) (stem borers) were presented. This study’s outcomes are very important as the initial stage for conservation purposes, especially in managing the strategy in handling the pest species populations in the paddy field.
Anti-caking Agent Effects on the Properties of Spray-dried ‘Cempedak’ Fruit Powder
Authors: Pui Liew Phing , Karim Roselina , Yusof Yus Aniza , Wong Chen Wai , Ghazali Hasanah Mohd
Published: December 2020

‘Cempedak’ fruit, an aromatic fruit that has a short shelf life can be converted into powder through spray-drying process. However, the spray-dried powder that was obtained had a high tendency to cake. Hence, three different anti-caking agents (calcium silicate, silicon dioxide, and calcium phosphate) were added separately at a concentration of 1.5% (w/w). It was found that calcium phosphate (1.5% w/w) yielded ‘cempedak’ fruit powder with lowest moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, and caking (change in cake height ratio), with minimal color changes in its reconstituted form and low viscosity. Different calcium phosphate concentration (0-2.00% w/w) was then applied in the production of ‘spray-dried’ powder. With increase of calcium phosphate addition from 0 to 0.66%, the moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, cake height ratio of ‘cempedak’ powder decreased, with no significant decrease with further addition. Calcium phosphate (0.66 % w/w) yielded powder with the best properties: lowest moisture content (4.65%), water activity (0.18), hygroscopicity (22.0), and change in cake height ratio (0.17). In addition, there was a minimal change in color of its reconstituted powder, with a slight change in viscosity.
Photosynthetic Performance in Improved ‘KDML105’ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Containing Drought and Salt Tolerance Genes under Drought and Salt Stress
Authors: Pamuta Dechudom , Siangliw Meechai , Sanitchon Jirawat , Pengrat Jarunjit , Siangliw Jonaliza L. , Toojinda Theerayut , Theerakulpisut Piyada
Published: December 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘KDML105’ is the most popular aromatic rice originating in Thailand. This cultivar is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought and salt stress during the seedling stage. The objective of this study was to investigate the photosynthetic performance in response to drought and salt stress of four improved breeding lines, specifically CSSL94 and CSSL103 (containing drought-tolerant quantitative trait loci: DT-QTLs) and RGD1 and RGD4 (containing a salt-tolerance gene, SKC1), with ‘KDML105’ (susceptible) and DH103 (tolerant to drought and salt stress) as the controls. Rice seedlings were grown for 21 days in hydroponic solutions and then exposed to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) or drought stress (20% PEG6000) for 10 days. The results indicated that when subjected to drought and salt stress, all rice lines/cultivar exhibited significant reductions in net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv’/Fm’), photosynthetic pigments, and SPAD readings, whereas water use efficiency (WUE) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. Compared with ‘KDML105’, CSSL94, and CSSL103 were more tolerant to both drought and salinity, showing less reduction in all photosynthetic parameters. For RGD1 and RGD4, it was confirmed that these lines had a higher level of salt tolerance than ‘KDML105’ based on better photosynthetic performance under salt stress, demonstrating that these lines were also more tolerant to drought stress.
STM: Lock-Free Synchronization
Authors: Ray Ryan Saptarshi
Published: December 2020

Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization (for example, locks, semaphores and monitors) to coordinate thread execution which makes these programs difficult to design, program and debug. In this paper we present Software Transactional Memory (STM) which is a promising new approach for programming in parallel processors having shared memory. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than other mechanisms such as locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE SOSYOLOJİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAŞÇILIĞA KARŞI TUTUMLARI
Authors: DEMİR Ayşegül
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinde Sosyoloji öğrencilerinin yaşçılığa (yaşa bağlı ayrımcılık) tutumlarının ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Yaşçılık (yaşa bağlı ayrımcılık), birçok sosyal yapı ve bağlam açısından yaşam döngüsü boyunca çeşitli biçimlerde belirginlik göstermektedir. Kuramsal olarak Stereotip Kimlik Teorisi'ne göre, yaşlılara karşı yapılan/yapıldığı düşünülen yaşa bağlı ayrımcılığın, Sosyoloji öğrencileri tarafından geliştirilen tutumlar doğrultusunda sonuçları araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, genç ve yaşlı bireylere ilişkin yaşlılığın sosyal ve psikolojik etkileri üzerine sistematik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, betimsel tarama (Survey) modeli üzerine temellendirilen nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Sinop Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji bölümü öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem, basit tesadüfi örneklem tekniğiyle seçilen toplamda 174 öğrenciden 165 öğrencinin (32 kadın, 133 erkek) katılımıyla oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anketin ilk bölümünde “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ikinci bölümde ise “Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Ölçeği” bulunmaktadır. Anket formu ile öğrencilerden elde edilen bilgiler, “SPSS 22.0 V.” istatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilere uygulanacak olan testlerin seçimi öncesinde hata terimlerinin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği kontrol etmek amacı ile Shapiro-Wilk normallik testi uygulanmıştır (p>0,05). Ölçekten elde edilen puanlar için ikili karşılaştırmalarda Independent samples t-test, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise One-Way ANOVA ve Tukey HSD testinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinde Sosyoloji öğrencilerinin yaşçılığa (yaşa bağlı ayrımcılık) tutumlarında anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kemampuan Kesadaran Fonologis Siswa Berkesulitan Membaca
Authors: Nurhaq Hana Mumtazia , Mulyati Yeti , Rahma Rosita
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk beroleh gambaran tentang kesadaran fonologis anak berkesulitan membaca. Gambaran tersebut didapat melalui wawancara dan pelaksanaan tes kesadaran fonologis dengan instrumen yang diadaptasi dari Phonological Awareness Test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang siswa berkesulitan membaca yang duduk di kelas 3 salah satu SD Negeri di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) kemampuan rhyming sebesar 42,5%; 2) kemampuan menyegmentasi sebesar 30%; 3) kemampuan mengisolasi sebesar 0%; 4) kemampuan menghapus sebesar 10%; 5) kemampuan mengganti sebesar 0%; dan 6) kemampuan menggabungkan sebesar 27,5%. Hasil tersebut dapat bermanfaat sebagai informasi awal bagi penyusunan program intervensi pelatihan kesadaran fonologis bagi siswa berkesulitan membaca. Informasi awal tersebut diperlukan agar intervensi yang dirancang dapat tepat sasaran dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa berkesulitan membaca.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA PADA ANAK USIA SMP PEMAIN GAME ONLINE ANDROID BERGENRE BATTLE ROYALE
Authors: Gunawan Gugun , Aziz Helmi
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia SMP yang menjadi pemain game online android bergenre battle royale. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu metode yang melukiskan suatu keadaan objektif atau peristiwa tertentu berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana mestinya yang kemudian diiringi dengan upaya pengambilan kesimpulan umum berdasarkan fakta-fakta historis tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat ragam kosakata yang muncul, berkembang, dikuasai, dan dijadikan bahasa komunikasi khusus oleh para pelajar usia SMP saat mereka memainkan game online. Kosakata tersebut merupakan serapan dan modifikasi dari 3 bahasa utama yakni bahasa Inggris, bahasa Daerah, dan bahasa Indonesia. Namun, berdasarkan maknanya, sebagian besar dari kosakata yang di gunakan banyak yang bermakna negatif atau kasar. Hal ini memicu perkembangan bahasa dan karakter pelajar yang kurang baik terutama di lingkungan keluraga dan sekolah. Oleh karena itu, di perlukan pengawasan yang cukup intensif dari para orang tua dan regulasi yang kuat dari pemerintah melalui dinas pendidikan terkait penggunaan Games online Android bergenre battle royale ini
DAMPAK HOAX DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM TERHADAP MAHASISWA INSTITUT UMMUL QURO BOGOR
Authors: Saoqillah Akhmad , Novia Putri
Published: December 2020

Media sosial Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang sangat berpengaruh dewasa, pasalnya hampir sebagian besar orang menggunakannya untuk kegiatannya masing-masing. Melalui instagram, penyebaran informasi berjalan dengan cepat. Hal ini menimbulkan rasa kekhawatiran dari pengguna dalam menyaring informasi untuk menghindari berita-berita hoax. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak berita bohong (hoax) pada media social instagram terhadap mahasiswa Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami Bogor. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang diperlukan dalam penulisan ini diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan dengan cara mewawancarai sembilan orang informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media Instagram sering kali digunakan oleh para mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan berbagai macam informasi. Namun banyaknya berita hoax yang beredar membawa pengaruh kepada mahasiswa. Adapun dampak berita bohong terhadap mahasiswa yaitu sulit membedakan berita hoax dan asli, mudah terprovokasi, mudah membenci satu sama lain
KOMUNIKASI ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAHASISWA ISLAM
Authors: Khumaedi Teddy , Habzah Diniyati Siti
Published: December 2020

Communication comes from the Latin communis, which means' making together 'or' building togetherness between two or more people. Communication often applies because communication is a very important requirement for every individual. There are two types of communication, verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is the delivery of information and information through oral language to others while nonverbal communication is intended to convey information and information through gestures or body expressions. Many definitions of communication put forward by experts are appropriate from their different points of view. When talking about communication, will not be far from the discussion about the relationship between individuals who try to exchange information to increase their knowledge and experience. Communication theory is considered to be the earliest (1948). Lasswell states that the best way to explain the communication process is to answer the question: Who says in which channel to who with what effect (Who says what through what channel to whom with what effect). Paradigm: Lasswell is an element of the communication process namely communicator communicator, message (message), media, communicator (receiver), and effect (influence). As above, this study aims to describe the pattern of Islamic Communication in the Perspective of Islamic Students, namely by means of a Case Study of Student Communication patterns at the Ummul Qura Al-Islami Institute (IUQI) Bogor
Extension’s Role in Rural Stress:
An Evaluation of Extension Agents’ Perceptions of Rural Stress in Georgia
Authors: Wilson Madison , Stone Whitney , Holt Jessica , Lamm Kevan , Borron Abigail , Lamm Alexa
Published: December 2020

This was a qualitative, exploratory study examining the use of a word cloud activity with Extension agents to promote dialogue around the sensitive topic of farmer/rural stress to understand their community needs. With an increasing amount of health-related issues in rural America and abroad, particularly mental health and rural stress, the use of a word cloud activity helped identify individual regional needs through a visual thematic qualitative analysis. Through a constant comparative analysis, regional and state-wide themes were deduced to begin creating programming opportunities to address community needs in Georgia, the U.S., and the world. The identified themes indicated a need for support, resources and education in rural areas regarding farmer and rural stress.
Keywords: rural stress; farmer stress; mental health; Extension; qualitative
Air quality impact of the Northern California Camp Fire of November 2018
Authors: Rooney Brigitte , Wang Yuan , Jiang Jonathan H. , Zhao Bin , Zeng Zhao-Cheng , Seinfeld John H.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Northern California Camp Fire that took place in November 2018 was one
of the most damaging environmental events in California history. Here, we
analyze ground-based station observations of airborne particulate matter
that has a diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) across Northern
California and conduct numerical simulations of the Camp Fire using the
Weather Research and Forecasting model online coupled with chemistry
(WRF-Chem). Simulations are evaluated against ground-based observations of
PM2.5, black carbon, and meteorology, as well as satellite
measurements, such as Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aerosol
layer height and aerosol index. The Camp Fire led to an increase in Bay Area
PM2.5 to over 50 µg m−3 for nearly 2 weeks, with
localized peaks exceeding 300 µg m−3. Using the Visible Infrared
Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) high-resolution fire detection products,
the simulations reproduce the magnitude and evolution of surface PM2.5
concentrations, especially downwind of the wildfire. The overall spatial
patterns of simulated aerosol plumes and their heights are comparable with
the latest satellite products from TROPOMI. WRF-Chem sensitivity simulations
are carried out to analyze uncertainties that arise from fire emissions,
meteorological conditions, feedback of aerosol radiative effects on
meteorology, and various physical parameterizations, including the planetary
boundary layer model and the plume rise model. Downwind PM2.5
concentrations are sensitive to both flaming and smoldering emissions over
the fire, so the uncertainty in the satellite-derived fire emission products
can directly affect the air pollution simulations downwind. Our analysis
also shows the importance of land surface and boundary layer
parameterization in the fire simulation, which can result in large
variations in magnitude and trend of surface PM2.5. Inclusion of
aerosol radiative feedback moderately improves PM2.5 simulations,
especially over the most polluted days. Results of this study can assist in
the development of data assimilation systems as well as air quality
forecasting of health exposures and economic impact studies.
Numerical integrators for Lagrangian oceanography
Authors: Nordam Tor , Duran Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A common task in Lagrangian oceanography is to calculate a large number of
drifter trajectories from a velocity field precalculated with an ocean model. Mathematically, this is simply numerical integration of an ordinary
differential equation (ODE), for which a wide range of different methods
exist. However, the discrete nature of the modelled ocean currents requires interpolation of the velocity field in both space and time, and the choice
of interpolation scheme has implications for the accuracy and efficiency of the different numerical ODE methods. We investigate trajectory calculation in modelled ocean currents with 800 m, 4 km, and 20 km horizontal resolution, in combination with linear, cubic and quintic spline interpolation. We use fixed-step Runge–Kutta integrators of orders 1–4, as well as three variable-step Runge–Kutta methods (Bogacki–Shampine 3(2), Dormand–Prince 5(4) and 8(7)). Additionally, we design and test modified special-purpose variants of the three variable-step integrators, which are better able to handle discontinuous derivatives in an interpolated velocity field. Our results show that the optimal choice of ODE integrator depends on the resolution of the ocean model, the degree of interpolation, and the desired
accuracy. For cubic interpolation, the commonly used Dormand–Prince 5(4) is
rarely the most efficient choice. We find that in many cases, our
special-purpose integrators can improve accuracy by many orders of magnitude over their standard counterparts, with no increase in computational effort. Equivalently, the special-purpose integrators can provide the same accuracy as standard methods at a reduced computational cost. The best results are seen for coarser resolutions (4 and 20 km),
thus the special-purpose integrators are particularly advantageous for
research using regional to global ocean models to compute large numbers of
trajectories. Our results are also applicable to trajectory computations on
data from atmospheric models.
Borehole research in New York State can advance utilization of low-enthalpy geothermal energy, management of potential risks, and understanding of deep sedimentary and crystalline geologic systems
Authors: Jordan Teresa , Fulton Patrick , Tester Jefferson , Bruhn David , Asanuma Hiroshi , Harms Ulrich , Wang Chaoyi , Schmitt Doug , Vardon Philip J. , Hofmann Hannes , Pasquini Tom , Smith Jared ,   the workshop participants
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In January 2020, a scientific borehole planning workshop sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program was convened at Cornell University in the northeastern United States. Cornell is planning to drill test wells to evaluate the potential to use geothermal heat from depths in the range of 2700–4500 m and rock temperatures of about 60 to 120 ∘C to heat its campus buildings. Cornell encourages the Earth sciences community to envision how these boreholes can also be used to advance high-priority subsurface research questions. Because nearly all scientific boreholes on the continents are targeted to examine iconic situations, there are large gaps in understanding of the “average” intraplate continental crust. Hence, there is uncommon and widely applicable value to boring and investigating a “boring” location. The workshop focused on designing projects to investigate the coupled thermal–chemical–hydrological–mechanical workings of continental crust. Connecting the practical and scientific goals of the boreholes are a set of currently unanswered questions that have a common root: the complex relationships among pore pressure, stress, and strain in a heterogeneous and discontinuous rock mass across conditions spanning from natural to human perturbations and short to long timescales. The need for data and subsurface characterization vital for decision-making around the prospective Cornell geothermal system provides opportunities for experimentation, measurement, and sampling that might lead to major advances in the understanding of hydrogeology, intraplate seismicity, and fluid/chemical cycling. Subsurface samples could also enable regional geological studies and geobiology research. Following the workshop, the U.S. Department of Energy awarded funds for a first exploratory borehole, whose proposed design and research plan rely extensively on the ICDP workshop recommendations.
Report on ICDP Deep Dust workshops: probing continental climate of the late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition and beyond
Authors: Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Beccaletto Laurent , Benison Kathleen C. , Bourquin Sylvie , Feulner Georg , Hamamura Natsuko , Hamilton Michael , Heavens Nicholas G. , Hinnov Linda , Huttenlocker Adam , Looy Cindy , Pfeifer Lily S. , Pochat Stephane , Sardar Abadi Mehrdad , Zambito James ,   the Deep Dust workshop participants
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Chamberlin and Salisbury's assessment of the Permian a century ago captured the essence of the period: it is an interval of extremes yet one sufficiently recent to have affected a biosphere with near-modern complexity. The events of the Permian – the orogenic episodes, massive biospheric turnovers, both icehouse and greenhouse antitheses, and Mars-analog lithofacies – boggle the imagination and present us with great opportunities to explore Earth system behavior. The ICDP-funded workshops dubbed “Deep Dust,” held in Oklahoma (USA) in March 2019 (67 participants from nine countries) and Paris (France) in January 2020 (33 participants from eight countries), focused on clarifying the scientific drivers and key sites for coring continuous sections of Permian continental (loess, lacustrine, and associated) strata that preserve high-resolution records. Combined, the two workshops hosted a total of 91 participants representing 14 countries, with broad expertise. Discussions at Deep Dust 1.0 (USA) focused on the primary research questions of paleoclimate, paleoenvironments, and paleoecology of icehouse collapse and the run-up to the Great Dying and both the modern and Permian deep microbial biosphere. Auxiliary science topics included tectonics, induced seismicity, geothermal energy, and planetary science. Deep Dust 1.0 also addressed site selection as well as scientific approaches, logistical challenges, and broader impacts and included a mid-workshop field trip to view the Permian of Oklahoma. Deep Dust 2.0 focused specifically on honing the European target. The Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma) and Paris Basin (France) represent the most promising initial targets to capture complete or near-complete stratigraphic coverage through continental successions that serve as reference points for western and eastern equatorial Pangaea.