bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leakage Signal Analysis of Urban Gas Pipeline Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition
Authors: Hao Yongmei , Du Zhanghao , Xing Zhixiang , Mao Xiaohu
Published: January 2020

Aiming at problems of multipoint leakage source detection and low positioning accuracy in urban gas pipelines, a multipoint leak location method base on improved variational mode decomposition (VMD) was proposed. By improving the VMD decomposition of the original leakage signal, the parameters of the VMD were optimized to reduce the influence of noise and weak correlation signals on the leak location. Then the multi-point leakage location model of pipeline was established, and the sensitive modal component Intrinsic mode function (IMF) with the most leakage information was selected by multiscale entropy. According to the characteristics of the blind source separation method, the relevant time delays of the simultaneous leakage of multiple points on the pipeline and the frequency of the signal are extracted. Finally, The location of the leak source is determined according to the principle of cross-correlation. The experimental results show that compared with the direct cross-correlation method and the VMD-based method, the proposed multipoint leak diagnosis method has less error, the minimum relative error is 1.61%, and the positioning accuracy is higher.
Resolution limits of spatial mode demultiplexing with noisy detection
Authors: Len Yink Loong , Datta Chandan , Parniak Michał , Banaszek Konrad
Published: January 2020

We consider the problem of estimating the spatial separation between two mutually incoherent point light sources using the super-resolution imaging technique based on spatial mode demultiplexing (SPADE) with noisy detectors. We show that in the presence of noise, the resolution of the measurement is limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the minimum resolvable spatial separation has a characteristic dependence of [Formula: see text]. Several detection techniques, including direct photon counting, as well as homodyne and heterodyne detection are considered.
Complexity factors for static anisotropic axially symmetric fluid distributions in f(R) gravity
Authors: Abbas G. , Nazar H.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we have analyzed the complexity factor for the most general axially symmetric static anisotropic fluid distributions in context of [Formula: see text] theory of gravity. For this purpose, we have studied three distinct complexity factors that are organized in terms of three scalar variables (structure scalars) comes from the orthogonal splitting of the curvature tensor. The vanishing of all complexity factors condition for what we choose the simplest fluid distribution that in which system having energy density is homogeneous with isotropic pressure. Although, it has been found that the complexity factors condition can also vanish when inhomogeneous energy density and anisotropy of the pressure cancel each other. Next, we express a class of exact solutions and their graphical analysis as compatible to our models that satisfies the vanishing condition of complexity factors. Finally, it is worth mentioning that these results can reproduce the results of General theory of Relativity under some constraints.
W1,p versus C1: The nonsmooth case involving critical growth
Authors: Bai Yunru , Gasiński Leszek , Winkert Patrick , Zeng Shengda
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study a class of generalized and not necessarily differentiable functionals of the form [Formula: see text] with functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] that are only locally Lipschitz in the second argument and involving critical growth for the elements of their generalized gradients [Formula: see text] even on the boundary [Formula: see text]. We generalize the famous result of Brezis and Nirenberg [[Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text] local minimizers, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 317(5) (1993) 465–472] to a more general class of functionals and extend all the other generalizations of this result which has been published in the last decades.
A new analytical solution of Klein–Gordon equation with local fractional derivative
Authors: Ziane D. , Hamdi Cherif M.
Published: January 2020

The work presented in this paper is to combine the Sumudu transform method with a variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear partial differential equations with local fractional derivative. We apply the proposed method to obtain approximate analytical solutions of Klein–Gordon equations with local fractional derivative. The results obtained for the local fractional Klein–Gordon equation in the three cases presented, are in the form of non-differentiable functions. Through this work it can be said that this method is an alternative analytical method for linear and nonlinear local fractional partial differential equations.
Synthesis of Cu2(OH)PO4 superstructures with NIR-laser enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Cheng Lu , Yu Nuo , Zhang Yan , Shi Zhun , Wang Haifeng , Chen Zhigang , Zhang Lisha
Published: January 2020

The development of photocatalysts with wide UV-Vis-near-infrared (NIR) photoabsorption has received tremendous interest for utilizing sunlight efficiently. In this work, Cu2(OH)PO4 superstructures are prepared by a simple hydrothermal route, and they have strong bandgap absorption in UV-Visible region and a distinctive plasmon resonance absorption in NIR region. Under the synergetic illumination of visible light and 980[Formula: see text]nm laser (3.0[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]), Cu2(OH)PO4 superstructures can degrade 89.2% MB with the elevated temperature ([Formula: see text]51∘C) of solution, which is higher than that from visible light group (50.0%), laser group (16.4%), and visible-light/exterior-heating group (62.5%, same temperature at [Formula: see text]51.0∘C). These facts reveal that Cu2(OH)PO4 superstructures exhibit NIR-laser enhanced photocatalytic activity, which not only comes from the photothermal effect-induced temperature elevation, but also mainly results from the increased production of photogenerated electron-hole pairs by NIR-laser. Therefore, Cu2(OH)PO4 superstructures can act as efficient photocatalyst with NIR-laser enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Numerical studies of high-dimensional nonlinear viscous and nonviscous wave equations by using finite difference methods
Authors: Deng Ding-Wen , Wang Zhu-An
Published: January 2020

The numerical solutions of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear viscous and nonviscous wave equations via the unified alternating direction implicit (ADI) finite difference methods (FDMs) are obtained in this paper. By making use of the discrete energy method, it is proven that their numerical solutions converge to exact solutions with an order of two in both time and space with respect to [Formula: see text]-norm. Numerical results confirm that they are relatively accurate and high-resolution, and more successfully simulate the conservation of the energy for nonviscous equations, and the dissipation of the energy for viscous equation.
Lines cluster approaching mode control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle under disturbances and uncertainties
Authors: Ma Fei , Wu Yunjie , Liu Xiaocen , Liu Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the velocity and altitude tracking control problem for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. A composite controller containing improved lines cluster approaching mode control (LCAMC) and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is developed to guarantee the tracking errors converge to zero and enhance the robustness of control system. Meanwhile, considering the multiple uncertain parameters, a genetic algorithm (GA) based Pareto uncertainty estimation is employed to predict the parameter uncertainties of the AHV dynamics. Besides, the mathematical proofs of proposed method are analyzed by utilizing Lyapunov theory. Simulation results demonstrate the effective tracking performance, excellent disturbance estimation and uncertainty estimation ability of the composite method.
Progress on the Clinical Applications of Stem Cells for Thin Endometrium
Authors: Wu Meixian , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Wanli , Ma Binbin , Sun Lihua , Xie Jing
Published: January 2020

Thin endometrium (TE) is a heterogeneous uterine disorder characterized by TE that results in infecundity. Patients with TE are usually associated with menstrual abnormalities and suffer from pelvic pain. A number of treatments have been employed to promote endometrial growth, but none has been validated effective. With the development of stem cell therapy, better means for TE treatment to improve endometrium, thus restoring its function become possible. Studies in TE mouse models have shown that stem cell implantation could improve pregnancy. However, the efficiency is relatively low and the safety for its clinical applications remains unclear. Here, we summarize recent progresses on the clinical application of stem cells for TE treatment, which would provide valuable references for stem cell therapy in TE patients.
Strain-Engineered Nonlinear Hall Effect in HgTe
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Huaiqiang , Wang Dinghui , Zhang Haijun
Published: January 2020

As paradigmatic phenomena, Hall effects have inspired tremendous studies of symmetry and topology in condensed matter physics. Intriguingly, a second-order nonlinear Hall effect was recently proposed in noncentrosymmetric materials even in the presence of time-reversal symmetry. This effect originates from the Berry curvature dipole of electronic band structures and was predicted in Dirac and Weyl materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides and Weyl semimetals. Although it has been experimentally verified in some transition metal dichalcogenides, no obvious observation of such effects has been reported in Weyl semimetals. Taking advantage of the ideal Weyl phase with no coexisting trivial bands at the Fermi level, we use strained HgTe as a concrete example to show that the ideal Weyl semimetal is a promising platform for demonstrating the nonlinear Hall effect. Based on numerical calculations of the Berry curvature dipole, it was found that the magnitude of nonlinear Hall effect can be simply engineered by in-plane strain. Our work provides a versatile platform with high tunability, which could greatly facilitate the study of nonlinear Hall effect in three-dimensional topological materials.
Performance of Oversampled Polyphase Filterbank Inversion via Fourier Transform
Authors: Morrison I. S. , Bunton J. D. , van Straten W. , Deller A. , Jameson A.
Published: January 2020

Frequency channelization is a fundamental signal processing operation employed across various domains, including communications and radio astronomy. The polyphase filterbank (PFB) represents an efficient and versatile means of channelization. When strict constraints are placed on the allowable spectral leakage between neighboring channels, an oversampled PFB design is advantageous. A helpful consequence of the oversampling is that inversion of the PFB to recover high temporal resolution is simplified and can be accomplished accurately using Fourier transforms. We describe this inversion approach and identify key design considerations. We examine the residual error and spectral/temporal leakage behavior when a channelizer and its corresponding inverter are cascaded, concluding that near-perfect reconstruction can be approached with appropriate selection of PFB and inverter design parameters.
Comparative Study of Dorsal and Volar Plating for Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy
Authors: Ozasa Yasuhiro , Iba Kousuke , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Wada Takuro , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: January 2020

Background: Postoperative results of ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar abutment syndrome were compared between groups of patients in whom the plate was placed on the volar side and those in whom the plate was placed on the dorsal side.

Methods: A total of 35 wrists of 14 males and 21 females were evaluated. The average age of patients at surgery was 44.3 years, and the average follow-up period was 66.2 months. After transverse osteotomy was performed, the ulna was fixed using a 6-hole LC-LCP or a LC-DCP on the dorsal (group D) or the volar (group V) side, respectively. Imaging and clinical results, rates and reasons for implant removal were evaluated.

Results: There were 27 patients in group D and 8 in group V. A significant difference was observed only in the postoperative grip strength compared with that of the unaffected side between groups V and D (102% and 87%, respectively). Implant removal was performed in 18 (64%) patients in group D and in 7 (88%) in group V, and the main reasons for this were pain in group V and discomfort in group D. Re-fracture occurred after implant removal in one patient in group D.

Conclusions: There were no differences in the imaging and clinical results depending on the plate position. It is preferable to avoid implant removal by placing the lower profile plate on the dorsal side.
Unidirectional Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate: A New Bone Filling Substitute for Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture in the Elderly Population
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Gandionco Jessica A. , Suguitan Anthony A. , Tani Yasuhiro , Iwanaga Ryuta , Hashimoto Takahiro , Sakai Takashi
Published: January 2020

Background: A new beta-tricalcium phosphate with unidirectional pore structure (UDPTCP), Affinos®(Kurray, Okayama, Japan), has been in clinical use since 2015. To date, there have been only a few clinical studies using this material. We report here the first clinical study for distal radial fracture in the elderly population treated with UDPTCP.

Methods: Consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with dorsally displaced unstable fracture of the distal radius (n = 36) were treated operatively in our department. Following reduction of the fracture site, a 7 mm size cube of UDPTCP was placed in the gap of the bony defect and the fracture stabilized with mono-axial or poly-axial type locking plates and screws. Remodeling of the UDPTCP was evaluated by plain radiograph and clinical outcomes were also assessed.

Results: UDPTCP was significantly resorbed at 2 months after surgery, both at the center and periphery of the material. Complications were only observed in the post-operative period. Significant correction loss of radial alignment was seen in patients stabilized with poly-axial locking plate. The clinical outcome in all cases was excellent.

Conclusions: Block UDPTCP is a safe and convenient material for the treatment of distal radius fracture and is replaced within a suitable time period after grafting into the fracture site. UDPTCP and stable internal fixation is therefore a reliable strategy for restoring and preserving anatomical position, especially in the elderly population.
Use of the Bridge Plate Technique for the Treatment of Hamatometacarpal Fracture-Dislocations
Authors: Jung Hyoung-Seok , Song Min Ku , Lee Jae-Sung
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aimed to describe a novel surgical technique in which a bridge plate was used for the treatment of hamatometacarpal fracture-dislocations and to assess its radiologic and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of 16 patients treated with the bridge plate technique for hamatometacarpal fracture-dislocations was performed between 2010 and 2015. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at months 3, 6, and 12 postoperatively. Active wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint ranges of motion and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were recorded for the injured hands. Grip strength data were collected for both the injured hands and the contralateral uninjured hands.

Results: All patients included in our study were male (mean age 31 years). The average Quick DASH score was 24.3 ± 9.1 at 3 months, 12.3 ± 7.3 at 6 months, and 6.2 ± 6.6 at 12 months. All patients returned to their original jobs within 5 weeks of the procedure. Grip strength eventually recovered to 90% of that of the uninjured hand, and none of the patients complained of finger or wrist joint stiffness.

Conclusions: The use of the bridge plate technique may be an effective alternative treatment for patients with comminuted hamatometacarpal fracture-dislocations.
Radiographic Characteristics of the Hand in Apert Syndrome
Authors: Kracoff Sharon Leigh
Published: January 2020

Background: In a small series, it has been postulated that delayed release of complex syndactyly of the 3rd web in Apert syndrome patients causes compression on epiphyses, with early epiphyseal closure, leading to symphalangism and reduced capitate ossification. We wished to see whether this remains true in a larger series.

Methods: We reviewed radiographs of 48 patients (86 hands) with Apert syndrome seen in the department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, between the years 2001–2012. Patients underwent surgical release of syndactyly in a staged fashion with the 3rd web release left until last. We measured the size of the capitate ossification center relative to that of the hamate and determined the relative position of the middle finger metacarpal relative to the ring finger metacarpal.

Results: We found agreement with many findings, however we weren’t able to demonstrate the catch-up growth of the capitate after release of the third web. The failure of normal distal migration of the 3rd metacarpal appeared to occur until the 3rd web release is performed.

Conclusions: Consistent findings of delayed ossification of the capitate and failure of normal distal migration of the third metacarpal add support to the initial hypothesis, however, we cannot fully conclude that an earlier release of the third web is recommended, further research is still needed.
Extracting Subtask-specific Metrics Toward Objective Assessment of Needle Insertion Skill for Hemodialysis Cannulation
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Liu Zhanhe , Singapogu Ravikiran
Published: January 2020

About 80% of all in-hospital patients require vascular access cannulation for treatments. However, there is a high rate of failure for vascular access cannulation, with several studies estimating up to a 50% failure rate for these procedures. Hemodialysis cannulation (HDC) is arguably one of the most difficult of these procedures with a steep learning curve and an extremely high failure rate. In light of this, there is a critical need that clinicians performing HDC have requisite skills. In this work, we present a method that combines the strengths of simulator-based objective skill quantification and task segmentation for needle insertion skill assessment at the subtask level. The results from our experimental study with seven novice nursing students on the cannulation simulator demonstrate that the simulator was able to segment needle insertion into subtask phases. In addition, most metrics were significantly different between the two phases, indicating that there may be value in evaluating participants’ behavior at the subtask level. Further, the outcome metric (risk of infiltrating the simulated blood vessel) was successfully predicted by the process metrics in both phases. The implications of these results for skill assessment and training are discussed, which could potentially lead to improved patient outcomes if more extensive validation is pursued.
Multifunctional Chaperone and Quality Control Complexes in Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Trowitzsch Simon , Tampé Robert
Published: January 2020

The fundamental process of adaptive immunity relies on the differentiation of self from nonself. Nucleated cells are continuously monitored by effector cells of the immune system, which police the peptide status presented via cell surface molecules. Recent integrative structural approaches have provided insights toward our understanding of how sophisticated cellular machineries shape such hierarchical immune surveillance. Biophysical and structural achievements were invaluable for defining the interconnection of many key factors during antigen processing and presentation, and helped to solve several conundrums that persisted for many years. In this review, we illuminate the numerous quality control machineries involved in different steps during the maturation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) proteins, from their synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to folding and trafficking via the secretory pathway, optimization of antigenic cargo, final release to the cell surface, and engagement with their cognate receptors on cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Extraintestinal Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Riley Lee W.
Published: January 2020

In general, foodborne diseases present themselves with gastrointestinal symptoms caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens well established to be foodborne. These pathogens are also associated with extraintestinal clinical manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which both cause common extraintestinal infections such as urinary tract and bloodstream infections, may also be foodborne. The resolution and separation of these organisms into pathotypes versus commensals by modern genotyping methods have led to the identification of key lineages of these organisms causing outbreaks of extraintestinal infections. These epidemiologic observations suggested common- or point-source exposures, such as contaminated food. Here, we describe the spectrum of extraintestinal illnesses caused by recognized enteric pathogens and then review studies that demonstrate the potential role of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and K. pneumoniae as foodborne pathogens. The impact of global food production and distribution systems on the possible foodborne spread of these pathogens is discussed.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Energy Conversion Networks
Authors: Gemmen Randall S , Vora Shailesh D , Williams Mark Christopher
Published: January 2020

A powerful electrical network analyzer, PSpice, is used to explore alternative solid oxide fuel cell Energy Conversion Networks (ECN’s). The ECN’s electrical network configurations are important in determining where solid oxide fuel cells can best play in modern grid support and resiliency. A modeling methodology is used to relate microscopic solid oxide fuel cell solid-state ionic material properties like electrical conductivity to macroscopic solid oxide fuel cell Energy Conversion Networks’ electrical network performance. While many models could be used for the ECN components, such as fuel cells, storage, etc., the model chosen in this paper as an example to illustrate the methodology, allows heat engine component performance, when included, to be recast solely in electrochemical and electrical network terms. The analysis results in this paper include the power and efficiency responses of the ECN’s of interest, such as multiple solid oxide fuel cells in multi-loop electrical networks, smart grids and microgrids.
Integration of Solid Oxide Steam Electrolyzer System into the UCI Microgrid to Support High Renewable Use
Authors: Saeedmanesh Alireza , Colombo Paolo , Brouwer Jack
Published: January 2020

The goal of this study is to evaluate the impacts and capabilities of dynamically dispatching Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis (SOSE) systems to support high penetration of renewable photovoltaic sources in the UCI microgrid. The UCI microgrid operation has been simulated as a linear programming problem in Matlab® considering all of its operational constraints to analyze the microgrid behavior to the additional PV installed capacity. Simulations cases consist of current 4 MW PV installed capacity and future PV installed capacities up to 35 MW. The integration of modular SOSE systems in the University of California, Irvine (UCI) microgrid, to absorb the excess Photovoltaic (PV) generated power is investigated in this study for different PV installed capacity. Also, the possibility of utilizing the available excess steam produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) as a portion of the required steam in SOSE systems is evaluated. Microgrid simulation results prove that for cases with PV installed capacity greater than 10 MW, the otherwise curtailed excess electricity would be a great potential to be used in SOSE for hydrogen production. The produced hydrogen in high installed capacities would be enough to feed the gas turbine with a gas mixture containing 15% volumetric hydrogen together with hydrogen used in the UCI hydrogen fuel stations. Consequently, natural gas consumption and carbon dioxide production are decreased substantially.
Virtual Pipeline System
Authors: Tseng Ling-yuan
Published: January 2020

After LNG vessel arrives at receiving port, the cargo will unload to the storage tank first. When natural gas delivery is requested, it will transport through the pipeline network to customers’ sites. Prior pumping in the pipeline, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) will go through vaporization process to re-gasify LNG into gaseous form. The popular LNG vaporizer systems include ambient air vaporizer, open rack vaporizer (using sea water), submerged combustion vaporizer and intermediate fluid vaporizer. The regasification process will occupy spaces and external energy will be used, more or less. The SOFC – Solid Oxide Fuel Cell takes hydrocarbon fuel as feedstock, such as natural gas (methane), and goes through a series of chemical process (not burning), then generates electricity with high conversion efficiency plus some high quality heat. Using the heat for LNG re-gasification and forming a close-loop energy supply system become very attractive in terms of compactness, economy and easy to operate. Especially for those remote communities, rural areas and remote islands, the energy access is usually not available. The combination of SOFC and re-gasification module will perfect the downstream operation in natural gas value chain.
Design of 20 Nm3/h Class Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System Integrated with Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Kim Taehong , Han Gwangwoo , Bae Joongmyeon
Published: January 2020

As renewable energy sources account for a larger portion of power generation, a hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) attracts attention for large capacity energy storage. At HESS, surplus electricity is used to produce hydrogen, and it is stored in compressed hydrogen tanks, and the hydrogen is utilized to generate electricity when electricity demand is high. Recently, liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) is proposed for hydrogen storage. LOHC is one of the hydrogen storage methods in which hydrogen is stored by the reaction with aromatic compounds. By using LOHC systems, high hydrogen storage density, and good safety are achievable. In this study, 20 Nm3/h class LOHC system with dibenzyltoluene (DBT) is designed. For the system design, catalytic performance, NMR analysis, and vapor pressure of DBT are evaluated, and a LOHC system composed of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation reactors, condenser, and adsorbent is designed for future demonstration.
Estimation of Current Distribution inside MEA in Single Cell Type PEFC by Particle Filter Using Circumference Magnetic Field
Authors: Taguchi Tomoyuki , Gotoh Yuji , Izumi Masaaki , Nara Takaaki
Published: January 2020

The fuel cell which is mainly used as a power supply in electric vehicles and house is polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). It is a fuel cell using the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) as the electrolyte. In order to develop a more efficient fuel cell, it is necessary to measure the current distribution inside the MEA. When the power generation current in the fuel cell is generated, the static magnetic field around the fuel cell is distributed. Therefore, there is a possibility that the generated current distribution inside the MEA can be obtained using the distribution of the static magnetic field around the fuel cell. In this paper, the distribution of the static magnetic field around the PEFC is measured, and the generated current distribution inside the MEA is estimated by particle filter using Ampere's law.
Pregnancy facilitates maternal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Lee Joonyong , Garcia Veronica , Nambiar Shashank Manohar , Jiang Huaizhou , Dai Guoli
Published: January 2020

Liver resection induces robust liver regrowth or regeneration to compensate for the lost tissue mass. In a clinical setting, pregnant women may need liver resection without terminating pregnancy in some cases. However, how pregnancy affects maternal liver regeneration remains elusive. We performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in nonpregnant mice and gestation day 14 mice, and histologically and molecularly compared their liver regrowth during the next 4 days. We found that compared with the nonpregnant state, pregnancy altered the molecular programs driving hepatocyte replication, indicated by enhanced activities of epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT5A, reduced activities of cMet and p70S6K, decreased production of IL-6, TNFα, and hepatocyte growth factor, suppressed cyclin D1 expression, increased cyclin A1 expression, and early activated cyclin A2 expression. As a result, pregnancy allowed the remnant hepatocytes to enter the cell cycle at least 12 h earlier, increased hepatic fat accumulation, and enhanced hepatocyte mitosis. Consequently, pregnancy ameliorated maternal liver regeneration following PH. In addition, a report showed that maternal liver regrowth after PH is driven mainly by hepatocyte hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia during the second half of gestation in young adult mice. In contrast, we demonstrate that maternal liver relies mainly on hepatocyte hyperplasia instead of hypertrophy to restore the lost mass after PH. Overall, we demonstrate that pregnancy facilitates maternal liver regeneration likely via triggering an early onset of hepatocyte replication, accumulating excessive liver fat, and promoting hepatocyte mitosis. The results from our current studies enable us to gain more insights into how maternal liver regeneration progresses during gestation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that pregnancy may generate positive effects on maternal liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy, which are manifested by early entry of the cell cycle of remnant hepatocytes, increased hepatic fat accumulation, enhanced hepatocyte mitosis, and overall accelerated liver regrowth.
Bile acid treatment and FXR agonism lower postprandial lipemia in mice
Authors: Farr Sarah , Stankovic Bogdan , Hoffman Simon , Masoudpoor Hassan , Baker Chris , Taher Jennifer , Dean Angela E. , Anakk Sayeepriyadarshini , Adeli Khosrow
Published: January 2020

Postprandial dyslipidemia is a common feature of insulin-resistant states and contributes to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Recently, bile acids have been recognized beyond their emulsification properties as important signaling molecules that promote energy expenditure, improve insulin sensitivity, and lower fasting lipemia. Although bile acid receptors have become novel pharmaceutical targets, their effects on postprandial lipid metabolism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the potential role of bile acids in regulation of postprandial chylomicron production and triglyceride excursion. Healthy C57BL/6 mice were given an intraduodenal infusion of taurocholic acid (TA) under fat-loaded conditions, and circulating lipids were measured. Targeting of bile acid receptors was achieved with GW4064, a synthetic agonist to the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and deoxycholic acid (DCA), an activator of the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5. TA, GW4064, and DCA treatments all lowered postprandial lipemia. FXR agonism also reduced intestinal triglyceride content and activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, involved in chylomicron assembly. Importantly, TA (but not DCA) effects were largely lost in FXR knockout mice. These bile acid effects are reminiscent of the antidiabetic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Although the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 retained its ability to acutely lower postprandial lipemia during bile acid sequestration and FXR deficiency, it did raise hepatic expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. Bile acid signaling may be an important mechanism of controlling dietary lipid absorption, and bile acid receptors may constitute novel targets for the treatment of postprandial dyslipidemia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present new data suggesting potentially important roles for bile acids in regulation of postprandial lipid metabolism. Specific bile acid species, particularly secondary bile acids, were found to markedly inhibit absorption of dietary lipid and reduce postprandial triglyceride excursion. These effects appear to be mediated via bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Importantly, bile acid signaling may trigger glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, which may in turn mediate the marked inhibitory effects on dietary fat absorption.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless/Carbon Steel Bimetal Plate
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Boyang , Zhang Qingdong
Published: January 2020

In order to research the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of stainless/carbon steel bimetal plate, the annealing process at 700°C with different times was carried out for stainless/carbon steel bimetal plate. Because the carbon content of carbon steel was higher than that of stainless steel, the carbon would diffuse from carbon steel to stainless steel in the bimetal plate during the annealing process. The carbon diffusion would cause the thickness of the decarburized layer in carbon steel and the carbon content of stainless steel to increase. The carbon diffusion would be ongoing with the annealing process until the carbon content of stainless steel reached 0.08%. The higher carbon content could help in the formation of more chromium‐depleted regions in the stainless steel surface, causing the stainless steel in the bimetal plate to have a poorer surface corrosion resistance than that of stainless steel under the same annealing conditions.
Herbal Active Ingredients: An Emerging Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Qin , Yu Wen-Ying , Zhang Huan-Huan , Zhong Yu-Sen , Zhang Song-Zhao , Wang Jia-Feng , Yu Chen-Huan
Published: January 2020

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common subtype of differentiated thyroid cancers in Asian coastal cities, where the patients have increased risk of potentially high or excessive iodine intake. Given the high metastasis and recurrence of patients with BRAFV600E mutation, the mortality rate of thyroid cancer has recently shown an upward trend. A variety of therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have been used to treat thyroid cancer, but these therapies still have limitations, including postoperative complications, drug resistance, poor efficacy, or serious side effects. Recent studies have shown the potential of active ingredients derived from herbal medicine in inhibiting PTC via various cell signaling pathways. Some plant‐derived compounds, such as apigenin, genistein, and curcumin, are also known to prevent and treat PTC. This article summarizes the recent advances in the structure‐functional impact of anti‐PTC active ingredients and their effects on PTC cells and tumor microenvironments with an emphasis on their challenges from basic research to clinical practice.
Systemic Therapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: Single Center Experience from a Cohort of 110 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Mayer Karin , Kiry Selina , Yordanova Anna , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Gaertner Florian C. , Bundschuh Ralph A. , Essler Markus , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria A. , Strassburg Christian P. , Matthaei Hanno , Lingohr Philipp , Bisht Savita , Brossart Peter , Feldmann Georg
Published: January 2020

Objective. Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) represent a rare and biologically heterogeneous group of malignancies. Treatment of NEN patients remains challenging due to lack of prospective evidence on the choice of ideal therapeutic sequence and therapeutic efficacy in specific individual scenarios. Methods. Clinical data on 110 consecutive patients suffering from NEN treated at a single German university center were analyzed, therapeutic regimens applied were assessed, and the outcome was evaluated. Results. Histological grading, Ki67 proliferation index, functional activity, and presence of metastases were identified as prognostic markers. 10-year overall survival rates were 92%, 44%, and 0% for G1, G2, and G3 tumors, and 60%, 39%, 69%, 53%, and 0% for Ki67 <2%, 3–5%, 6–20%, 21–49%, and >50%, respectively. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and cytostatic chemotherapy were the second most common options, with PRRT being used more frequently in NET G1 and G2 and chemotherapy in NEC G3. Combination chemotherapy with etoposide plus cisplatin or carboplatin showed disease control rates (DCRs) of overall 74%, with a short median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7 or 5 months, respectively. DCR and PFS for PRRT were 89% and 22 months when administered as monotherapy, versus 100% and 27 months upon combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy. Of note, PRRT also achieved disease control as best response in 5/5 (100%) selected cases of NEC G3. Conclusion. Further prospective studies are warranted to help stratify available options for therapeutic intervention in NEN patients.
Increasing Warmth in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial Examining the Efficacy of Mustard and Ginger Footbaths
Authors: Kuderer S. , Helmert E. , Szöke H. , Joos S. , Kohl M. , Svaldi J. , Beissner F. , Andrasik F. , Vagedes J.
Published: January 2020

Objective. To analyze the thermogenic effects of footbaths with medicinal powders in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). Intervention and Outcomes. Forty‐one female participants (21 AN, 20 HCs; 14.22 ± 1.54 years) received three footbaths—warm water and mustard (MU, Sinapis nigra), warm water and ginger (GI, Zingiber officinale), or warm water only (WA), in random order within a crossover design. Data were collected before (t1), immediately after foot immersion (maximum 20 minutes) (t2), and after 10 minutes subsequently (t3). Actual skin temperature (high resolution thermography) and perceived warmth (HeWEF questionnaire) were assessed at each time point for various body parts. The primary outcome measure was self‐perceived warmth at the feet at t3. Secondary outcome measures were objective skin temperature and subjective warmth at the face, hands, and feet. Results. Perceived warmth at the feet at t3 was significantly higher after GI compared to WA (mean difference −1.02) and MU (−1.07), with no differences between those with AN and HC (−0.29). For the secondary outcome measures, a craniocaudal temperature gradient for the skin temperature (thermography) was noted at t1 for patients with AN and HC (AN with colder feet). The craniocaudal gradient for subjective warmth was only seen for patients with AN. Conclusion. Footbaths with ginger increased warmth perception at the feet longer than with mustard or warm water only for adolescents with AN as well as for HC. The impact of ginger footbaths on recovery of thermoregulatory disturbances in patients with AN repeated over extended periods merits further investigation.
Pentamethylquercetin Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling via Activation of the Sestrins/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in MSG‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Du Jingxia , He Wei , Zhang Cai , Wu Jianzhao , Li Zhi , Wang Min , Feng Shuying , Liang Gaofeng
Published: January 2020

Objective. Obesity causes a variety of metabolic alterations that may contribute to abnormalities of the cardiac structure and function (obesity cardiomyopathy). In previous works, we have shown that pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) significantly improved metabolic disorders in obese mice and it inhibited pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodeling in mice. However, its potential benefit in obesity cardiomyopathy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PMQ on cardiac remodeling in obese mice. Methods. We generated a monosodium glutamate‐induced obese (MSG‐IO) model in mice, which were treated with PMQ (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) for 16 weeks consecutively. We examined the metabolic parameters and observed cardiac remodeling by performing cardiac echocardiography and Masson’s staining. The expression levels of molecules associated with the endogenous antioxidant system, including the sestrins/kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Results. We found that PMQ treatment significantly ameliorated obesity phenotypes and improved metabolic disorders in MSG‐IO mice. PMQ decreased the heart wall thickness and attenuated cardiac fibrosis. Further study revealed that the protective effects of PMQ might be mediated by promoting Keap1 degradation and augmenting sestrins expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion. Our findings indicated that PMQ ameliorated cardiac remodeling in obese mice by targeting the sestrins/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Association between Plasma Urotensin II and Risk of Hypertension: Findings from a Prospective Study
Authors: Xie Huijian , Wang Xinya , He Yan , Huang Daoyi , Qu Xinyuan , Jiang Yanbo , An Yan , Zhang Shaoyan , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: January 2020

Up to date, human urotensin II (UII) is the most potent vasoconstrictor in mammalian animals. To explore whether UII played an important role in the development of hypertension, we conducted a prospective study in Changshu city, China. The baseline investigation was carried out in 2007, and the first follow-up investigation was conducted in 2013. From the participants, we randomly obtained 2000 normotensive subjects aged 40 years and older without any severe disease at baseline and examined plasma UII and endothelin-1 (ET-1) with their blood samples at baseline. Logistic models were used to analyze the association between baseline UII, baseline ET-1, and newly occurring hypertension. In 1,819 subjects with complete data, 723 subjects developed into hypertensive in about five years. After adjusting some potential confounders, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for risk of hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of baseline UII was 0.888 (0.689–1.144). The role of UII in the development of hypertension was not found in the current study; therefore, further research studies should be conducted to explore the relationship between UII and hypertension.
Usefulness of a Kampo Medicine on Stress‐Induced Delayed Gastric Emptying in Mice
Authors: Mogami Sachiko , Arita Ryutaro , Nahata Miwa , Fujitsuka Naoki , Takayama Shin , Ishii Tadashi
Published: January 2020

Anxiety and depression often occur with gastrointestinal symptoms. Although the Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo medicine) bukuryoingohangekobokuto (BGH) is approved for treating anxiety, neurotic gastritis, and heartburn, its effect on gastrointestinal motility remains poorly known. This study aimed to examine the effect of BGH on delayed gastric emptying in stress model mice and clarified its action mechanism. Seven‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were acclimated for a week and fasted overnight. Stress hormone, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), was intracerebroventricularly injected to mice, and solid nutrient meal (ground chow and distilled water) was orally administered 1 hour after. Gastric contents were collected to evaluate gastric emptying rates by measuring its dry weight. Injection of CRF (0.3 or 1.0 μg/mouse) significantly delayed the 2‐hour gastric emptying in mice. BGH (1.0 g/kg), which was administered 30 minutes before the CRF injection, significantly ameliorated the delayed gastric emptying induced by CRF (0.3 μg/mouse). BGH (0.5, 1.0 g/kg) significantly enhanced the 1‐hour gastric emptying and slightly increased the 2‐hour gastric emptying in mice without CRF injection. In vitro functional assays showed that components of BGH antagonized or inhibited CRF type‐2, dopamine D2/D3, neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors, or acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the components of BGH may exert synergistic effects on improving gastric emptying via various targets. BGH is considered to be potentially useful for treating gastrointestinal dysmotility with psychological symptoms.
Portal Vein Stenting Combined with 125I Particle Chain Implantation Followed by As2O3 in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumour Thrombus
Authors: Li Zhaonan , Si Guangyan , Jiao De-Chao , Han Xinwei , Zhang Wenguang , Li Yahua , Zhou Xueliang , Liu Juanfang , Chen Jianjian
Published: January 2020

Objective. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of portal vein stenting (PVS) combined with 125I particle chain implantation and sequential arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods. From January 2015 to January 2018, the clinical data of 30 patients with HCC complicated by PVTT were retrospectively analysed (26 men and 4 women). The laboratory examinations, incidence of adverse events, cumulative survival rate, and stent patency were analysed for all enrolled patients. Results. The success rate of interventional treatment in all patients was 100%. The results of the laboratory tests before and 1 week after surgery showed that the mean concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased from 50.9 U/L ± 25.8 to 41.8 U/L ± 21.6 (P < 0.001) and 57.6 U/L ± 19.9 to 44.2 U/L ± 26.1 (P < 0.001), respectively. No complications in grade 3 or higher according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) were observed. The cumulative survival rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 83.1%, 69.2%, 43.7%, and 31.2%, respectively, while the patency rates of the stents were 83.3%, 80.0%, 52.2%, and 38.3%, respectively. Of the 30 deaths during the follow‐up period, 16 patients died of liver failure, 8 died of gastrointestinal bleeding, 3 died of lung metastasis, 2 died of brain metastases, and 1 died of heart failure because the tumour invaded the atria. Conclusion. PVS combined with 125I particle chain implantation followed by TACE with As2O3 is safe and feasible for patients with PVTT. The long‐term efficacy of this treatment needs to be further studied.
Comparison of 532 nm Micropulse Green Laser versus Continuous-Wave 532 nm Green Laser in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Piasecka Katarzyna , Gozdek Piotr , Maroszyński Mariusz , Odrobina Dominik
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of micropulse laser treatment (MLT) compared with the continuous-wave laser (CL) in treating eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a 12-month follow-up study. Methods: A retrospective observational study included 51 eyes with chronic CSC; 35 eyes were treated with MLT (Group A), and 16 eyes were treated with CL (Group B). We analyzed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal microstructural changes in spectral optical coherence tomography before the treatment, one and twelve months after the laser procedure. Results: The final mean BCVA was 0.89 ± 0.13 in Group A and 0.71 ± 0.17 in Group B. Photoreceptor length decreased significantly in both groups and amounted 61.2 μm in Group A and 42.9 μm in Group B one year after the treatment. Complete absorption of subretinal fluid twelve months after the laser procedure was noted in 74.3% eyes in Group A and in 87.5% eyes in group B. Hyper-reflective subretinal deposits were observed in 10/35 eyes in Group A but in 15/16 eyes in Group B on the final follow-up visit. Conclusion. MLT-treated patients showed better functional and microstructural results than patients treated with CL.