bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transpositional Hermeneutics
Authors: Lange Armin , Pleše Zlatko
Published: October 2020

This article argues that similar yet distinct hermeneutical approaches can be observed in the Derveni papyrus, the exegetical work of Aristobulus of Alexandria, and the Qumran Pesharim. These similarities go back to a widespread hermeneutical system that was triggered by cultural and religious estrangement from authoritative texts. Such estrangement developed when the authoritative status of scripturalized cultural memories prevented their adjustment to evolving cultures by way of reworking (textual fixity). The transposition of isolated elements from these scripturalized cultural memories into new contexts allows for a continuous re-reading of textually stable authoritative texts. In this way, authoritative texts could develop ever-changing significations mirroring the developments of cultures and societies.
The Fifth Book of the Pentateuch
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2020

This article considers the book of Deuteronomy in its narrative integrity and dynamic, from beginning to end. It focuses on six main threads and themes of Deuteronomy’s overall construction, paying attention to their (interconnected) sequential unfolding: the relationship between Moses, speaker and narrator within the narrated world, and the narrator of the framing book (section 2); Deuteronomy’s overall plot, which surfaces only when the final disclosure about the obedience of the sons of Israel (34:9) is taken into consideration (section 3); Moses’ switch from oral to written communication (section 4); the motif of Moses’ death, from his dissimulation to God’s ultimate education of his prophet (section 5); the narrative centrality of the law code within Deuteronomy’s system of if-plots (section 6); the identity of Joshua as “prophet like Moses,” and epitome of the system of mediations set up by Moses, the prophet whom God knew face-to-face (section 7).
Reading Exodus with Deuteronomy in 4QApocryphal Pentateuch A (4Q368 2)
Authors: Feldman Ariel
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes the citation from Exod 34:11–24 in the Qumran scroll 4Q368 2. It explores the variant readings preserved in this quotation and demonstrates that some of them have been influenced by the parallel passages from the book of Deuteronomy.
Wisdom, Israel and Other Nations
Authors: Marttila Marko , Pajunen Mika S.
Published: October 2020

Wisdom” is a central concept in the Hebrew Bible and Early Jewish literature. An analysis of a selection of texts from the Second Temple period reveals that the way wisdom and its possession were understood changed gradually in a more exclusive direction. Deuteronomy 4 speaks of Israel as a wise people, whose wisdom is based on the diligent observance of the Torah. Proverbs 8 introduces personified Lady Wisdom that is at first a rather universal figure, but in later sources becomes more firmly a property of Israel. Ben Sira (Sir. 24) stressed the primacy of Israel by combining wisdom with the Torah, but he still attempted to do justice to other nations’ contacts with wisdom as well. One step further was taken by Baruch, as only Israel is depicted as the recipient of wisdom (Bar. 3–4). This more particularistic understanding of wisdom was also employed by the sages who wrote the compositions 4Q185 and 4Q525. Both of them emphasize the hereditary nature of wisdom, and 4Q525 even explicitly denies foreigners’ share of wisdom. The author of Psalm 154 goes furthest along this line of development by claiming wisdom to be a sole possession of the righteous among the Israelites. The question about possessing wisdom has moved from the level of nations to a matter of debate between different groups within Judaism.
The Menorahs of Limyra in Jewish Art and Visual Culture
Authors: Fine Steven
Published: October 2020

This article describes first the discovery and identification of Jewish buildings and artifacts in Asia Minor. Subsequently it addresses the classification of the Limyra menorah-slabs. At the end, it asks for a possible origin of the menorah plaques in another building in Limyra and lists iconographic parallels for them.
Jews in Ancient and Late Ancient Asia Minor between Acceptance and Rejection
Authors: Lange Armin
Published: October 2020

This article surveys the evidence for and history of Jews and Judaism in Asia Minor with a special focus on the denigration and persecution of Jews by pagans and Christians in Asia Minor. The article argues that Jews thrived in this part of the Roman empire from the Hellenistic period until the Arab conquest and lived both in urban and rural settings in most parts of Asia Minor. Despite their flourishing, Jews had to deal with Anti-Semitic slander, denigration, and attacks from pagans and Christians. The situation worsened with the rise of Christianity to the official religion of the Roman Empire. In the 7th cent., increased anti-Semitism led to a decline of Judaism in Asia Minor. Before this time, despite legal and other persecutions, Jews emphasized and practiced their Judaism and despite a prohibition to the contrary Jews build new synagogues even in the century before the Arab conquest. Anti-Semitism in Asia Minor would thus not have blocked the construction of a synagogue in Limyra in this period.
Rabbinic References to Asia Minor
Authors: Langer Gerhard
Published: October 2020

The article surveys references to Asia Minor in Rabbinic sources and concludes that there is little evidence preserved in Rabbinic literature. Most references are vague or even legendary and cannot be connected with real places. The Rabbis seem to have recognized Asia Minor only as far away.
Völkergericht und Fremdvölkersprüche
Authors: Finsterbusch Karin , Jacoby Norbert
Published: October 2020

It is well known that (the Hebrew Vorlage of) LXX-Jer and MT-Jer differ in their arrangement of the oracles against the nations and in the order of the nations. However, no attention has been paid to the fact that the communication of the oracles differs significantly in both books: in MT-Jer, the book narrator introduces the oracles. In the (Hebrew Vorlage of the) LXX-Jer it is mainly Jeremiah in the world of the book, who tells his addressees of the oracles. This presentation will argue that the structure of communication in the Hebrew Vorlage of the LXX-Jer is the original one.
A Gold Lamella for Migraine from Aquincum
Authors: Kotansky Roy , Kovács Péter , Prohászka Péter
Published: October 2020

This article reconsiders the transcription and interpretation of a gold lamella from Aquincum, Pannonia. Although the lamella was lost sometime after World War II, recent research in the Archives of the Hungarian National Museum has revealed photographs and reports from the 1930s. This newly-discovered material allows for a re-reading of the lamella and a better understanding of some of its contents.
“In the Third Month”
Authors: Atzmon Arnon
Published: October 2020

The question of the Sitz im Leben of Pesikta de-Rav Kahana and how it affected its redaction and formulation is one of the most fascinating issues in the study of the aggadic midrashim. In this article, I conduct a detailed analysis of the piska referred to as “In the Third Month,” elucidating its character and nature primarily by comparing it to passages found in parallel midrashim. This analysis reveals that the extant piska was created in a two-stage process. First, the original darshan or redactor created midrashic material pertaining to the Shavuot Torah reading from Exod 19–20, the revelation of the Torah at Sinai which had recently replaced the older Shavuot reading connected to the agricultural aspect of the festival. Subsequently a later redactor of the Pesikta augmented the original piska by adding two midrashic passages drawn from the Tanhuma literature. Analysis of the dynamics involved in the creation and redaction of this particular piska sheds light not only on this text but on the connection between the liturgical and literary processes at work in this period as a whole. Most importantly, it affords us a glimpse into the link between the midrashim and actual synagogue life in the amoraic period.
The Emergence of Rabbinic Culture from the Perspective of Qumran
Authors: Noam Vered
Published: October 2020

The rabbinic halakhic system, with its many facets and the literary works that comprise it, reflects a new Jewish culture, almost completely distinct in its halakhic content and scope from the biblical and postbiblical culture that preceded it. By examining Jewish legislation in the area of corpse impurity as a test case, the article studies the implications of Qumranic halakhah, as a way-station between the Bible and the Mishnah, for understanding how Tannaitic halakhah developed. The impression obtained from the material reviewed in the article is that the direction of the “Tannaitic revolution” was charted, its methods set up, and its principles established, at a surprisingly early stage, before the destruction of the Second Temple, and thus at the same time that the Qumran literature was created.
Were Sacrifices Offered at Qumran?
Authors: Magness Jodi
Published: October 2020

Among the most puzzling features at Qumran are deposits of animal bones belonging to sheep, goat, and cattle, mixed with ash, which were placed on the ground between large potsherds or inside jars and covered with little or no earth. The deposits are concentrated in the open air spaces, mainly on the northwest and southeast sides of the site. Following Roland de Vaux, most scholars have interpreted these deposits as the remains of ritual but non-sacrificial meals eaten by the Qumran sectarians. However, comparisons with remains from ancient sanctuaries around the Mediterranean world and Near East leave little doubt that these deposits represent sacrificial refuse and consumption debris. Furthermore, records from de Vaux’s excavations suggest that in the first century B. C. E., an altar was located in an open air space on the northwest side of the site. The possibility that animal sacrifices were offered at Qumran is supported by legislation in sectarian works and in non-sectarian works that were considered authoritative by the sect. This evidence suggests that the Qumran sectarians observed the laws of the desert camp with the tabernacle in its midst, including offering animal sacrifices as mandated by biblical law.
Qumran Temple?
Authors: Schiffman Lawrence H.
Published: October 2020

Study of the textual evidence preserved in the Dead Sea Scrolls makes it exceedingly unlikely that the sectarians would have conducted sacrificial worship at their desert retreat. They disagreed vehemently with the Jerusalem establishment and refused to worship at the Temple because the sacrificial ritual did not accord with their halakhic ideals. However, they still maintained that the Temple was the only proper place to worship: it just had to be renewed under their aegis at the End of Days, when they would control all its functions. In the meantime, the sectarians viewed their community as a substitute Temple; they conducted prayers at the times when the Temple sacrifices took place; their communal meals became ritualized as a replacement for the Temple offerings; they studied the laws of sacrifices. Priests and Levites were given preferential roles, the communal meals and study sessions substituted for Temple rituals, and the ritual purity that the sect maintained assured them that they would be ready for the soon-to-dawn eschaton that would restore the glory of the Temple to them. Thus, the literary evidence points to a longing for the Temple but also to a resignation that, until the End of Days, various modes of worship would have to substitute for its sacrifices.
Heliodorus and the Assassination of Seleucus IV according to Dan 11:20 and 2 Macc 3
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin
Published: October 2020

The impetus for the assassination of Seleucus IV in 175 B. C. E. is commonly associated with his robbing the temples and oppressing the peoples of the Seleucid kingdom in order to pay tribute to Rome according to the Treaty of Apamea. Reconsideration of the relevant evidence – especially Dan 11:20 and 2 Macc 3, with attention to a passage from Appian, inscriptions from Delos, the Heliodorus stele and the Ptolemaios dossier – suggests another explanation for these events. If Seleucus robbed the temples to finance his “royal splendor,” it is possible that Heliodorus and others tasked with taxing the kingdom may have objected to his controversial policies and taken action against him because of them.
Perplexing Pseudepigraphy
Authors: Jeffcoat Schedtler Justin P.
Published: October 2020

The fragments of the “Pseudonymous Greek Poets” constitute a collection of genuine and spurious quotations of renowned Greek poets – Homer, Hesiod, Aeschylus, etc. – on topics current in Hellenistic Jewish philosophy. The functions of these fragments are most often considered in terms used to characterize Hellenistic Jewish literature more broadly, i. e.: missionary literature, an apologetic defense of Judaism for a non-Jewish audience, an affirmation of Judaism for a Jewish audience, or a testament to the superiority of Judaism in the Hellenistic world. Each of these readings is guided by the presumption that Jews viewed the Hellenistic world as a foreign entity in need of some degree of “assimilation,” “resistance,” or “reconciliation,” and that Hellenistic Jewish literature reflects this process. This paper undermines this premise, demonstrating that the pseudonymous Greek fragments functioned instead to situate Hellenistic Jewish principles – as well as those who shared them – as part and parcel of broader Hellenistic trajectories.
The Polymorphous Pesaḥ
Authors: Balberg Mira , Chavel Simeon
Published: October 2020

Despite points of critical clarity in the scholarly tradition, the biblical account of Exodus 12 continues to be treated as a sufficiently coherent story of origins that relates how the Passover festival and the pesaḥ ritual were established and what makes all subsequent performances reenactments. This article surveys ancient literature presenting or invoking the pesaḥ, from its very first representation in biblical literature up to the debates about it in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, to show that the pesaḥ is an instance of “repetition without origin” and one that problematizes the very notion of reenactment. The article demonstrates that successive authors and editors do not provide any clear sense of how the pesaḥ was done in their time or what the general tradition was as to its origins; the original version was itself already fragmentary and unworkable; subsequent work to recast and re-present it is always interpretive and re-interpretive in nature, is conditioned by the argument of the larger literary work, and advances contradictory views. Because the early sources construct the pesaḥ in so many opposing ways, subsequent readers had unusual liberty to interpret and retold this important practice in whatever shape best suited their needs and understanding. The survey illustrates how completely the pesaḥ foils the attempt to write its history both as a practice and as a literary tradition, but also how it generated a long and rich history of creative thought around itself.
The Roman Context for the Rabbinic Ban on Teaching Greek to Sons
Authors: Wilfand Yael
Published: October 2020

This paper examines Mishnah Soṭah 9:14, Tosefta Soṭah 15:8 and Jerusalem Talmud Soṭah 9:14, 24c (= Pe’ah 1:1, 15c), which provide accounts of the rabbinic prohibition against teaching Greek to one’s son. Scholars often consider these sources in the context of Jewish attitudes toward Greek culture and Hellenization. This mishnah has also been examined in relation to the events of 115–117 C. E. (the Diaspora Revolt); thus, establishing a link between the ban on teaching Greek and the destruction of the Jewish community in Alexandria. In this study, I show that these texts place this exclusion in the framework of relationships with Roman authorities, thereby associating it with confrontations between Jews and Romans. Thus, I suggest that this proscription be read in a Roman context more than a Greek one, especially in the Tosefta and the Jerusalem Talmud, which mention that language as a means for enabling communication with Roman authorities.
Beauty or Beast?
Authors: Mermelstein Ari
Published: October 2020

This article explores the role that emotion plays in rabbinic interpretations of the law of the captive woman. Discrete “emotional communities” establish “feeling rules” through which they broadcast their ideal emotional world and the values associated with it. Different midrashim, employing rich metaphors, agree that the feeling rule in the law of the captive seeks to elicit disgust from the captor. That emotion emphasizes the otherness of its object and thereby affects the power relations that obtain between subject and object. Midrashic sources disagree, however, over whether the captor’s disgust response will motivate him to jettison the captive. At issue is the identity of the powerful party confronting the captor: a gentile plot that disgust could help him neutralize or an evil inclination which it could not. If the captor marries his captive, he will experience hate, an emotion that will confirm the otherness that he earlier failed to recognize.
Reconstruction of the Mekhilta Deuteronomy Using Philological and Computational Tools
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Michal , Shmidman Avi
Published: October 2020

The tannaitic legal Midrashim did not all survive and are not all known to us in a complete independent form. David Zvi Hoffman was one of the first scholars to recognize the 13th century Yemenite Midrash, Midrash haGadol, written by R. David of Aden, as a major source of the lost legal Midarshim. He published the Midrash Tannaim, containing all of the tannaitic looking paragraphs from Midrash haGadol on the book of Deuteronomy. However, the author of Midrash haGadol often introduced changes into the material he borrowed from rabbinic and medieval sources. The resulting passages often seem to be unparalleled tannaitic sources, when in fact they are not. This article proposes a re-examination of the Mekhilta material as found in the Midrash haGadol, in order to reconstruct more accurately the tannaitic text. We propose a methodology for contending with this challenge, via a new approximate-matching algorithm designed to identify modified sources of this sort. Using this algorithm, we first compared Hoffman’s Midrash Tannaim on Deuteronomy to the Sifre, filtering out all parts of the text that are simply reworkings of the Sifre, despite many interpolations, omissions, and modified words. Having removed the Sifre passages from within the Midrash Tannaim text, we then proceeded to the next stage, in which we investigated the presence of reworked Maimonidean excerpts within the remaining text. The Maimonidean excerpts pose a particular challenge, because their reuse in the Midrash haGadol involves not only modifications and interpolations, but also changes of order. We describe the modifications that were necessary to the algorithm in order to handle these out-of-order cases of reuse as well. We have thus far succeeded in identifying and removing the reworked material appropriated from the Sifre and from Maimonides, and in the future we plan to tweak the algorithm such that it can successfully identify additional rabbinic passages as well, including the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmudic material, and other midrashic compilations. This will ultimately allow us to produce a final text approximating the original Mekhilta, to the greatest extent possible.
Opening Doors to Jewish Life in Syro-Mesopotamian Dura-Europos
Authors: Stern Karen B.
Published: October 2020

Analyses of the synagogue discovered in the ancient town of Dura Europos commonly emphasize connections between the construction and decoration of the building and aspects of Jewish life along the Roman eastern frontier. By focusing on lesser-known data from the synagogue, including burial deposits found inside its doorways, as well as examples of non-monumental writings and art (graffiti) from its interior, this article offers distinct insights into the cultural horizons of those who used and visited the structure. Closer consideration of the locations and contents of associated finds and their comparisons with analogues discovered in Dura and throughout the Syro-Mesopotamian world collectively advance new hypotheses about how visitors to the synagogue behaved inside its varied spaces and used acts of object-burial and writing to manipulate and reshape its walls, doorways, thresholds, and floors. The impetus to reconsider deposits of writing and objects from the Dura synagogue from this vantage, in its Syro-Mesopotamian context, owes to the recent publication of additional finds from other parts of the town. These augmented local comparisons for the synagogue evidence particularly reveal dynamic and otherwise unidentified continuities between devotional behaviors and spatial practices conducted by local and regional Jews and Christians, neighboring Durenes, and other inhabitants of Syrian, Mesopotamian, and Persian cities. These similarities, at times, can overshadow connections traditionally emphasized between daily life in Dura and the provincial world of Rome. Working outwards from the synagogue evidence, this approach ultimately demonstrates that many Durenes, whether Jews or their neighbors, engaged in daily devotional acts, in distinctive locations, which reflected, transformed, and responded to their local Syrian, Mesopotamian, and Arsacid cultural orbits.
Torah and Transformation: The Centrality of the Torah in the Eschatology of 2 Baruch
Authors: Harris Rebecca L.
Published: October 2020

Light imagery features prominently in 2 Baruch in descriptions of the Torah and righteous individuals. While the Torah is pictured as a lamp that Moses lit and a light that illuminates the way of life, the righteous in 2 Baruch are those who possess the quality of splendor, a feature which falls under the light category and bears resemblance to descriptions of Torah in the text. It is this feature, splendor, which separates the righteous from the wicked and qualifies them to participate in the new age. Scholars of 2 Baruch have wondered about the quality of splendor and how righteous individuals attain it. This article responds to these queries by exploring the nature of the connection between the Torah as a source of light in 2 Baruch and the righteous as those who observe Torah and are characterized by the same light imagery.
The Canonization of the Mishnah
Authors: Brandes Yehuda
Published: October 2020

What is the Mishnah? A code of law or an anthology of Tannaitic literature? The traditional approach relates to the Mishnah as a legal code written by the school of Rabbi Yehudah The Prince. However, among scholars of Mishnah this approach has been the subject of fierce controversy for many years. There were those who regarded the Mishnah as a collection of sources not intended in any way to present legal rulings. Others, however, followed the traditional approach, arguing that Rabbi Yehudah intended to produce legal rulings in the Mishnah and did so by means of emending the text of the sources he had used and editing them. The resolution of this controversy lies in understanding the historical process of the reception of the Mishnah. At first, the Mishnah did function primarily as an anthology. It was only the second generation of the Amoraim, Talmudic sages, who began to regard the Mishnah as a uniform work and an authoritative and binding legal code. Subsequent generations of Amoraim reformulated their approach to the Mishnah with regard to both hermeneutics and legal decision making. Thus, one who studies the Talmud without taking into consideration the historical development concealed within it is influenced by the later approach, which dominates most of the Talmud. An additional stage in the process of the canonization of the Mishnah took place toward the end of the Amoraic period and, in particular, at the time of the redaction of the Talmud in the Savoraic period: both the text of the Mishnah and its language became consecrated, in similarity to the text of the Bible, and a fastidiousness developed with regard to the language of the text, down to the last word. In this article I will endeavor to delineate this historical process.
Herod the Great’s Self-Representation Through His Tomb at Herodium
Authors: Magness Jodi
Published: October 2020

In 2007, the late Ehud Netzer announced the discovery of the mausoleum of Herod the Great at Herodium. This paper considers Herod’s self-representation through his tomb at Herodium, which consists of a mausoleum on the side of a massive artificial tumulus that was planned by Herod as his final resting place and everlasting memorial. Comparisons with the lost Mausoleum of Alexander in Alexandria, the Philippeion at Olympia, and the Mausoleum of Augustus at Rome indicate that Herod intended Herodium to serve as a royal, dynastic monument and victory memorial situating him within a line of heroic and deified kings, while the site’s location overlooking Bethlehem visually asserted Herod’s claims to have fulfilled the expectations associated with a Davidic messiah.
The Bathsheba Affair as a Royal Apology of King Solomon
Authors: Gur Zeev
Published: October 2020

Analysis of the story of David and Bathsheba in 2 Samuel 11:1–12:25 reveals that it possesses several layers. The report of the second Ammonite War, which represents the initial content of 2 Samuel 11:1–12:31 and serves as the basis of the original Bathsheba Affair story, glorified David as a great warrior and gracious king, who married the widow of his fallen-in-action officer, Uriah the Hittite, and adopted Uriah’s newborn son, Solomon. The later Bathsheba Affair story, written by a pro-Solomonic author during Solomon’s reign, introduced the arbitrary taking of Bathsheba, Uriah the Hittite’s wife, by David before her husband met a natural warrior’s death. According to this version, Bathsheba remained with David in his palace and conceived there. The story demonstrates that Solomon, Bathsheba’s firstborn child, was not Uriah’s son but rather, by claiming direct royal lineage to King David, was David’s legitimate successor to the Throne of Israel. The next three revisions of the story 1) introduced Nathan the Prophet’s accusations against David, presumed to have been written between the late ninth and late eighth centuries B.C.E. by a prophetic author; 2) replaced Solomon with a fictitious firstborn child, written by a Deuteronomistic writer in the exilic period; and 3) introduced David’s second transgression – the murder of Uriah – written by an anti-Davidic author in the post-exilic period.
Corpse Impurity in Second Temple Judaism: A Revised Approach in Light of the Order of Meaning of Honor and Shame
Authors: Arazi Eliran
Published: October 2020

This article examines the dual tenet generally upheld by scholars of Second Temple Judaism that a single concept of impurity existed in that period, and that purity and impurity formed a coherent, unified system of meaning. Herein I will contend that we should turn our focus on the phenomenological aspect of a specific source of impurity, and study this in its broader cultural contexts. Centering on corpse impurity as it appears in a selection of narrative, halachic, and archaeological sources, this article treats purity and impurity as an order of meaning inherently interconnected with that of honor and shame – which was equally dominant in the thought and practices of ancient Judeans – and identifies three modes of relationship between these two orders of meaning: 1) impurity as attached to shame, 2) impurity as attached to honor, and 3) corpse impurity as symbolizing the contrast between human and divine honor. Finally, I argue that the different functions and meanings of impurity, honor, and shame in each of these modes of interrelationship may be explained by the two networks of social relations to which all Judeans in Second Temple times belonged – the kinship one and the cultic one – and which, albeit partly overlapping, need to be distinguished for analytical purposes. The approach proposed here enables us to establish a link between God and the system of ancient Judean ritual purity in a way that suits the preeminence of metonymy as a strategy of representing entities that stands at the core of this order of meaning – especially when the dead are concerned – rather than the metaphoric and symbolic explanations which currently prevail.
Jüdische gesetzliche Auslegungen zu weiblicher Homoerotik
Authors: Hügel Karin
Published: October 2020

In der Hebräischen Bibel gibt es kein Verbot weiblicher Homoerotik. Auch in der Mischna und der Tosefta finden sich keine gesetzlichen Aussagen dazu. Spätere jüdisch-rechtliche Positionen zu weiblicher Homoerotik lassen sich in drei Punkten zusammenfassen, nämlich (1) „Sifra Achare Mot zu Lev 18,3 (keine Heirat weiblicher wie männlicher homoerotischer Paare)“; (2) „Talmudische Aussagen zu weiblicher Homoerotik im palästinischen Talmud Gittin 8,10,49c (Kontroverse, ob weibliche Homoerotik ein sexuelles Vergehen darstellt oder nicht) und in den babylonischen Talmudtraktaten Yevamot 76a (weibliche Homoerotik ist bloße Obszönität) und Schabbat 65a–b (Bedenken gegenüber Schwestern, die miteinander schlafen)“; und (3) „Maimonides: unterschied-liche Anschauungen über weibliche Homoerotik in seinen Werken Mischne Tora, Sefer Keduscha, Hilchot Issure Bia 21,8 und Kommentar zur Mischna Sanhedrin 7,4“. Diese halachischen Texte werden queer gelesen, um jüdische lesbische Frauen und andere heutige queere Personen zu stärken.
The programma of Antiochus III and the Sanctity of Jerusalem
Authors: Orian Matan
Published: October 2020

After his takeover of Judea, Antiochus III issued a programma that prohibits the introduction of impure animals into Jerusalem. Two Qumran Scrolls contain parallels to this injunction but target a different audience, i.e., Jews, as opposed to the gentile audience of the programma. Consequently, the focus of these texts also differs: pure animals in the scrolls, impure animals in the programma. Nonetheless, the programma, the scrolls, and perhaps also some instructions in the Mishnah reflect a coherent interpretation of the biblical ban on non-sacral slaughter within a certain radius around God’s altar. Furthermore, comparison of these sources reinforces the authenticity of the programma, offers a possible underlying reasoning for a reconstructed ruling in the Temple Scroll, and even alludes to the Vorlage of the biblical text employed for drafting the programma. Further evidence, however, implies that the relevant Jewish halakhah underwent a significant change during the second century BCE.
Design-technological support of linear coordinates quality in machine equipment based on ball-screw pair and rolling guides
Authors: Fedukov Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

In the paper there are shown the investigation results of technological equipment unit stiffness by the example of a linear coordinate. The coordinate is carried on the basis of a ball-screw pair and rail guides of rolling. The calculation schemes are considered, theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out.
New data on the morphology of a little known species Xenococcus pulcher Hollenberg (Cyanoprokaryota)
Authors: Beljakova R. N.
Published: October 2020

Original drawings and added description of a rare and little known species Xenococcus pulcher Hollenberg (Cyanoprokaryota) are presented. It was found as endophyte in the cell walls of Chaetomorpha tortuosa and Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyta) from sublittoral zone (0.2.5 m depth) at Primetniy Island, East Sakhalin.
A new variety of Stephanodiscus niagarae (Bacillariophyta) from lake diatomite of the Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands)
Authors: Genkal S. I. , Cherepanova M. V.
Published: October 2020

The valve morphology of a form identified as Stephanodiscus niagarae from diatomites of Kunashir Island has been studied. Variability of the main diagnostic features has been determined, namely the valve diameter and the mantle height, the number of striae and areolae in 10 μm, structure and location of processes with satellite pores on the valve face and its mantle, structure and location of rimoportulae. It is shown that the Kunashir form differs from the type of S. niagarae in location of fultoportulae that gives us grounds for description of a new variety of Stephanodiscus niagarae, var. puzanoviana.
Taxonomic composition of planktonic and ice algae in Antarctic waters (2006–2007 studies)
Authors: Gogorev R. M.
Published: October 2020

Plankton and ice assemblages of antarctic algae were studied in 2006-2007. Diatoms prevailed in number of species and abundance in both ice and plankton samples. Three genera Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira and Fragilariopsis were the most diverse. Species of 10 genera (Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, Coscinodiscus, Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Eucampia, Corethron, Odontella, Fragilariopsis, Pseudo-nitzschia) dominated in plankton. Ice flora included mainly 6 diatom genera (Fragilariopsis, Berkeleya, Nitzschia, Entomoneis, Navicula, Cylindrotheca).
Open Access: a Primer from UKRN
Authors: Rumsey Sally , Lunny Carole , Kennedy Bradley James
Published: October 2020

Universal open and barrier-free access to research benefits all knowledge users. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).
TEKNIK DOKUMENTASI DAN PELAPORAN DALAM TATARAN KLINIK
Authors: Agave
Published: October 2020

Dokumentasi keperawatan adalah metode sistematis untuk mengidenfikasi masih klien, merencanakan, menimplementasi strategi pemecahan masalah mengevaluasi efektifitas dari tindakan keperawatan yang telah diberikan. ( Kozier dan ERB ) Dokumentasi adalah suatu dokumen yang berisi data lengkap, nyata, dan tercatat bukan hanya tentang tingkat kesakitan pasien tetapi juga jenis dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan
Operationalize The Concept Of Needs In The Context Of Government Welfare Policy In Indonesia
Authors: Sunarti
Published: October 2020

This essay tries to operationalize the concept of needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the context of government welfare policy in Indonesia. It will be explained about some Indonesia government policies to reach welfare society and there will be explanation of every program which is run in order to satisfy citizen’s needs. The discussion will be based on the type of needs and what programs are provided to fulfill those needs. The focus of the needs discussed are the basic (physical) needs, security and safety needs and esteem needs. There is no explanation about love and belonging needs and self-actualization need because it seems that there is no certain program which is intended to specially satisfy those needs.
Dean Syahputra Utama (Tugas Review Jurnal)
Authors: Utama Dean Syahputra
Published: October 2020

Tugas Review Jurnal mengenai "Tinjauan Implementasi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Pengolaan Sampah Kota Kendari" dan "Peluang dan tantangan Pengembangan Industri kreatif Kuliner dalam Pencapaian SDGs" yang di review oleh Dean Syahputra Utama
Pembaharuan warna cat batas lingkungan maccini baji dan pintu masuk kelurahan tolo'
Authors: narni Femi mey
Published: October 2020

Kuliah kerjaa lapang plus adalah salah satu kegiatan perkuliahan yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa dalam bentuj pengabdian kepada masyarakat.
Fatty acid biomarkers in three key marine species of a Patagonian fjord (Yendegaia Fjord, Chile)
Authors: Ruiz-Ruiz PA , contreras sergio , Urzua Angel , Quiroga Eduardo , Rebolledo Lorena
Published: October 2020

Fjord ecosystems are located in high latitude environments across Scandinavia, Alaska, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, and some more northerly Antarctic and Arctic environments (Freeland et al. 1980). Fjords are water bodies with variable-depth estuarine features, are highly stratified, and are influenced by tidal currents (Pickard 1961; Wassmann et al. 2000). One of the largest regions of fjords in the world is the Chilean Patagonia (from 41º to 56ºS), stretching over 241,000 Km2 with islands, channels, estuaries, bays and gulfs formed by glacial erosion over the current quaternary (Borgel 1970; Holtedahl 2006; Aracena et al. 2015). This fjord region is characterized by low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients in surface waters, and high concentrations of nutrients supplied by sub-Antarctic ocean waters (Silva et al. 1997, 1998; Silva 2008; González et al. 2011). Stratification in the water column is a barrier that reduces the export of phytoplanktonic carbon and influences the distribution of some zooplankton groups (Ji et al. 2010; González et al. 2011; Tamelander et al. 2012). Fjords are important sites for carbon cycles and biological productivity (Wetzel 2001; González et al. 2006; Pomeroy 2006), and are sensitive to environmental and climatic changes (Overpeck et al. 1997; Svendsen et al. 2002; Whitehead et al. 2009).
faktor-faktor dokumentasi yang berhubungan dalam keperawatan
Authors: Mardyyah Ainun
Published: October 2020

Pelaksanaan dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan salah satu alat ukur untuk mengetahui, memantau, dan menilai suatu pelayanan asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan oleh rumah sakit (Fischbach, 1991). Dokumentasi keperawatan tidak hanya mencerminkan kualitas perawatan saja tetapi membuktikan pertanggunggugatan setiap tim keperawatan (Potter & Perry, 2005). Oleh karena itu, jika kegiatan keperawatan tidak didokumentasikan dengan baik, akurat, obyektif, dan lengkap serta sesuai dengan standar asuhan keperawatan maka sulit untuk membuktikan bahwa tindakan keperawatan telah dilakukan dengan benar (Gillies, 2000; Carpenito, 1999). Hasil penelitian mengenai kelengkapan dokumentasi keperawatan bervariasi tiap rumah sakit. Penelitian yang dilakukan Hartati, Handoyo, dan Anis (2001) didapatkan skor 58%; penelitian yang dilakukan Soetisno dan Christophara (2000) didapatkan angka 60%; penelitian yang dilakukan Gaos dan Keliat (2002) pada 3 ruangan di RSUP Persahabatan (Soka Atas, Soka Bawah dan Anggrek Bawah) ditemukan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan mencapai 57,8%; dan penelitian yang dilakukan Sumitra dan Savitri (2000) di RSUD Karawang didapatkan rata-rata kelengkapan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan mencapai ±50%. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan kelengkapan dokumentasi keperawatan belum memenuhi standar asuhan keperawatan Depkes yaitu 80% sehingga mencerminkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan yang masih rendah. Keberhasilan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh seorang perawat sebagai ujung tombak dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan (Potter & Perry, 2005). Menurut Gibson (1996) dalam Suratun (2008) bahwa faktor individu yang memengaruhi perilaku kerja antara lain umur, lama kerja, pendidikan, dan pelatihan. Produktivitas seorang pekerja menurun dengan bertambahnya umur, sedangkan lama kerja mempunyai hubungan yang positif terhadap produktivitas pekerjaan. Siagian (2002) menyatakan bahwa makin tinggi tingkat pendidikan seseorang makin besar keinginan untuk memanfaatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Pelatihan merupakan bagian dari proses pendidikan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan (Notoatmodjo, 2003).
What Drives Single Occupant Traveler Decisions in HOT Lanes? An Investigation Using Archived Traffic and Tolling Data from the MnPASS Express Lanes
Authors: Goodall Noah J. , Smith Brian L.
Published: October 2020

High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes are in operation, under construction, and planned for in several major metropolitan areas. The premise behind HOT lanes is to allow single occupant vehicles (SOVs) to access high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes (and, a higher level of service) if they are willing to pay a toll. To maintain a high level of service in the HOT lanes, the toll rate is set dynamically to restrict the number of SOVs which access the facility as it nears capacity. Thus, HOT facilities provide operators of transportation systems with a new operations tool: pricing. In order to effectively use pricing, it is critical to understand driver behavior when faced with a set of traffic conditions and toll levels. This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation into the relationship between toll rate, traffic conditions, and SOV driver behavior, based on data from the dynamically-tolled I-394 HOT facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Analysis of the empirical data indicated that a large percentage of SOV drivers use the HOT lanes at different, yet predictable rates throughout the AM peak period, even when there is no clear travel time advantage. After accounting for these “regular” users, the remaining SOV drivers utilize the HOT lanes at greater rates when the cost per hour of commute time saved is lowest. A model was developed that incorporates both of these findings, predicting HOT lane usage rates based on time savings, time of day, and toll rates with an R2 value of 0.684.
Digital-Based Interventions for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Blackie Meg , De Boer Kathleen , Seabrook Elizabeth , Bates Glen William , Nedeljkovic Maja
Published: October 2020

The 11th edition of the International Classification of Disease has included Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD) as a clinical diagnosis separate to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Research has shown that cPTSD differs significantly from PTSD on core symptoms relating to the individual’s sense of self; which has driven research investigating treatment approaches to address these specific features of cPTSD. Evidence for effective treatments for cPTSD delivered within in-person settings has been synthesised, however, authors have noted significant access barriers to such specialised treatments. Digital-based intervention (DBI) approaches may overcome such access barriers and have shown effectiveness in treating non-complex PTSD across several systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The current protocol however, proposes a methodology for conducting the first systematic review of research investigating the use of DBIs for treating cPTSD, as there has not yet been a comprehensive synthesis of this research. The review seeks to understand (1) the treatment approaches employed in DBIs for addressing symptoms of cPTSD, (2) the symptoms of cPTSD that are targeted by DBIs, (3) the evidence for the acceptability and effectiveness of DBIs in treating symptoms of cPTSD, and (4) measures taken to ensure the safe and confidential delivery of DBIs for cPTSD. A systematic search of Scopus, PsychINFO, and EBSCOhost is proposed, using search terms targeting ‘cPTSD’ and ‘DBIs’. Literature will be screened against eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers and included studies will be assessed for quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data will be extracted by the same two reviewers, then analysed and synthesised in narrative form by a single reviewer. The findings from the systematic review will provide an understanding of the state of current evidence and inform directions for direct future research aiming to develop effective DBIs for cPTSD.
Students' Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Education: The Impact of Different Delivery Modes
Authors: Dykeman Cass , Nelson J. Ron
Published: October 2020

Ninety-six students, 12 boys and 12 girls each from the 3rd, 6th, 8th, and 12th grades were interviewed regarding the effectiveness of various delivery modes commonly employed in substance abuse education. These delivery modes included (a) expert-red, (b) teacher-led, (c) peer-led, and (d) parent in-home. Students generally believed that each type of delivery mode would positively effect drug- and alcohol-related knowledge but not behavior. Furthermore, students believed that the expert-led mode would be the most effective means for positively effecting the drug- and alcohol-related knowledge of students. The implications of these results for school-based drug and alcohol prevention efforts are discussed.
Parkinson’s disease impacts feedback production during verbal communication
Authors: Basirat Anahita , Moreau Caroline , Knutsen Dominique
Published: October 2020

The current study sought to investigate whether people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) produce less feedback than typical people, thus potentially making it more difficult for them to reach mutual comprehension with their conversational partner. In order to do this, a matching task experiment was conducted during which an experimenter described abstract pictures to a participant, who was either a PwPD or a typical participant, so that he or she could organise these pictures in a grid. The participants could produce as much feedback as they liked. The analysis of the utterances produced by the participants revealed that PwPD produced less feedback than typical participants. This effect was mainly driven by two specific types of feedback: acknowledgment tokens and hesitations. From a theoretical perspective, this paper is one of the firsts to specifically document the production of feedback markers in PwPD. Clinical implications are also discussed.
Content, Methodology, and Design Selections in Counselor Education Dissertations
Authors: Richards Judy , Dykeman Cass , Bender Sara
Published: October 2020

This study explored the content, methodology, and design trends present in counselor education dissertations. The dissertations examined were drawn from a random selection of CACREP-accredited doctoral programs located at Carnegie-classified research universities. In descending order, the three content areas most selected were: (a) counselor education, (b) school counseling, and (c) multicultural counseling. The majority of the dissertations reviewed made use of quantitative methods (64%). With quantitative studies, observational designs were the most-employed category (89%).
What is dopamine doing in model-based reinforcement learning?
Authors: Akam Thomas , Walton Mark
Published: October 2020

Experiments have implicated dopamine in model-based reinforcement learning (RL). These findings are unexpected as dopamine is thought to encode a reward prediction error (RPE), which is the key teaching signal in model-free RL. Here we examine two possible accounts for dopamine’s involvement in model-based RL: the first that dopamine neurons carry a prediction error used to update a type of predictive state representation called a successor representation, the second that two well established aspects of dopaminergic activity, RPEs and surprise signals, can together explain dopamine’s involvement in model-based RL.
Foresight for agriculture: Past ghosts, present challenges, and future opportunities
Authors: Prager Steven , Wiebe Keith
Published: October 2020

Strategic foresight is a systematic means to explore plausible futures. In the agricultural context, strategic foresight allows decision-makers to explore how alternative investments in agriculture research may function given anticipated futures associated with a variety of drivers ranging from climate change to increasing wealth to a changing policy environment. This paper presents an overview and context for six recently published articles in Global Food Security that comprise a virtual special issue on agricultural futures. Each of the papers takes a distinct perspective and addresses key issues from how past trends drive future outcomes to specific commodity systems to issues around employment and rural transformation. While each of the included papers stands on its own merits, the collection presents a unique opportunity to unpack the role of investment in agriculture research from a variety of perspectives. Collectively, the special issue offers insights to support current and future investment planning to better target desired outcomes associated with long-term agricultural research.