bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Jurisdiction and the Permissiveness of International Law: Is the Lotus Still Blooming?
Authors: Vöhringer Marco
Published: November 2023

The Lotus rule has traditionally stipulated that in international law, any conduct not specifically prohibited is allowed. However, there now is considerable disagreement as to whether this principle is still valid. This article argues that we should distinguish between the Lotus principle’s conceptual origins and its core content. It will be shown that, given the evolution of international law, the positivist assumptions on which Lotus was initially based are no longer tenable. On the other hand, the basic Lotus presumption, which requires state action to be deemed lawful unless it violates an international prohibition, is still viable and can be reconciled with the structure of modern international law. This ‘enlightened reading of the Lotus rule’ will subsequently serve as a lens for examining the international rules on state jurisdiction. The conclusion will be that this area of international law demonstrates that the presumption of lawfulness still applies, but that the sources from which relevant international prohibitions can be derived have diversified.
The Regulation of Islamic Finance in the UK: A call for change
Authors: Alkhalifa Khalifa H.K.
Published: November 2023

For decades, the UK has been the leading nation in the Western world when it comes to Islamic finance. Despite this fact, the Islamic banking industry within the UK is still far behind conventional finance in terms of growth and development. This paper argues that a major obstacle in the path of this industry’s growth is the regulatory framework which it is currently subject to. As it stands, Islamic banking is regulated by the FCA and PRA in the same way as its conventional counterpart. This paper posits that Islamic banking should be subject to its own regulatory framework. Chapter 1 of this paper contextualises the debate by describing the operation of Islamic banking before going on to highlight how the risks involved in this kind of banking differ from those inherent in conventional banking. Chapter 2 builds on this analysis by examining the interplay between Islamic banking and two regulated aspects of banking: capital adequacy ratios (CARs) and guaranteed deposits. Chapter 3 concludes the discussion by pointing out a number of issues which could undermine the adoption of a more industry-specific approach by the UK regulator and offers starting points from which these issues could be resolved.
Resolving Investor State Dispute Settlement’s Legitimacy Crisis: The Case for Reinstating the Requirement to Exhaust Local Remedies
Authors: Curtis Sebastian Timothy Whitefoord
Published: November 2023

Resolving Investor State Dispute Settlement’s Legitimacy Crisis: The Case for Reinstating the Requirement to Exhaust Local Remedies This article dissects a variety of structural issues that contribute to the “legitimacy crisis” currently faced by Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) and in particular, treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (ISA). Primarily, it addresses issues of jurisdictional overlap with domestic courts, and the inability of ISA to engender “good governance” norms and the rule of law in respondent states. By examining these structural issues and their relationship with the difficult, and at times inflammatory relationship between the international investment protection regime and domestic governments and judiciaries, it contends that further internationalization, or “systemic reform” in lieu of the proposals made by the European Union is not adequate for resolving the legitimacy crisis. Rather, it proposes that a more radical, reintegration of domestic courts is necessary through the reinstatement of a traditional requirement of customary international law, the requirement to exhaust local remedies before commencing arbitral proceedings.
The Collapse of Carillion: Regulatory Failure in the Contract State
Authors: Wong Karen
Published: November 2023

The rise of the contract state in the UK heralded an era of harnessing the private sector for public purposes. However, the collapse of Carillion, one of the largest contractors with the UK public sector, in 2018 epitomises its failure. Focusing on ex-ante regulatory failure, this essay analyses Carillion’s collapse from three perspectives: contract formation in tendering shows that inherent relationality in contracting may lead to an undesirable use of discretion, yet current hard and soft law are unable to structure and confine such discretion; Carillion as a Strategic Supplier shows that the Cabinet Office’s design of said programme may fail to monitor participating companies; the management of individual contracts shows both government and companies may be stuck within ‘deal-making’ and fail to manage risks beyond the contract. It is argued that these perspectives indicate medium to long-term regulatory and institutional failure in government policy-making and enforcement, as well as concerning flaws in Carillion’s self-regulation. The sufficiency of ex-post accountability from the executive and legislature is then considered, with Parliament more likely to bring Carillion to account despite the executive often acting as the contractual party. Recommendations are offered, including a public law framework for contracts and common ethical standards.
Finding Sexual Minorities in United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Towards the Deconstruction of Gender Binary in International Development Policies
Authors: Ongsupankul Warisa
Published: November 2023

‘Leave No One Behind’ is an underlying principle enshrined in United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), among which Goal 5 aims to achieve ‘gender equality and empower all women and girls’. The question remains as to the manner in which the term ‘gender’ is interpreted. Does it accommodate the sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) of non-conforming individuals? This paper will examine the gender politics within the United Nations which resulted in the failure of SDGs to explicitly recognise the rights of sexual minorities in its agenda. Bearing in mind that all Goals are interrelated and that marginalisation by oppressive institutions is often interconnected and cannot be examined separately from one another, this paper will also consider how such exclusion has had a negative impact not only on the achievement of Goal 5 but also on the overall success of the SDGs. Harnessing the insights of feminist legal theories, this paper will address the challenges as well as propose a more inclusive framework that goes beyond the sex/gender binary to promote gender equality in all of its manifestations.
The Coherence of the Principle of Patient Autonomy in the English Medical Law: A Re-evaluation
Authors: Basri Nahide
Published: November 2023

By comparing and contrasting four specific areas within English medical law – informed consent, mental capacity of adults, mental capacity of children, and mental health – this essay observes a fundamental shift from medical paternalism towards patient autonomy in the UK. The general position is that a competent adult with capacity has an almost absolute right to informedly consent to or refuse medical treatment, while those not qualifying as such are  assisted so far as practicable in enabling them to make choices concerning their medical treatment in the most autonomous way possible. However, this commitment to patient autonomy lacks coherence. This essay identifies three main reasons for this. Firstly, a degree of unjustified paternalism remains even with regard to competent adults – especially in the case of mentally ill patients. Secondly, by viewing autonomy in predominantly individualistic terms, the law disregards how patients’ interdependences and relationships may be constitutive – not destructive – of their autonomy. Thus, it unfairly subjects those incapable of an individualised sense of independence to the ‘best interests’ test. Thirdly, the ‘best interests’ test is ill-equipped to uphold such patients’ autonomy. This essay argues that reenvisioning autonomy in relational terms is a vital starting point to address the current incoherencies.
Overcoming the dualism: how metaphorically-driven conceptions of the public domain are a barrier to determining what intellectual property law is and ought to be.
Authors: Hahn Isabel
Published: November 2023

It has been said that intellectual property and the public domain are “paired together in a perpetual dance” . Yet while expressions like this portray the impression that intellectual property and the public domain are on an equal footing, it does not take long to discover that this is not the case. While intellectual property has been positively defined through centuries of legislation and case law, the public domain has witnessed no such equal treatment. Often lacking in positive definition, the public domain has also been poorly represented in the public debate. In an attempt to strengthen its position, scholars and judges have turned to the use of metaphors in order to capture and define the wealth of information and raw material from which we create, and to depict the function of the public domain in relation to intellectual property. However, the metaphors that have been used all share a common flaw: they obscure the fact that a literary device cannot adequately substitute for the lack of a clearly defined public domain in the first place. Therefore, to proactively safeguard the welfare of the public domain, we need to elevate the discussion beyond the limiting imagery and associations that metaphors offer, and focus on the role that the public domain needs to play in a democratic society with a free market economy.
Questioning the Potential of the Forthcoming WIPO’s Diplomatic Conference on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources: Endless Negotiations Coming to a Successful End?
Authors: Vane Marie-Denise
Published: November 2023

In July 2022, Member States of the World Intellectual Property Organization agreed to hold a Diplomatic Conference no later than 2024, for an international instrument on genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge to be concluded.  This recent development could bring to an end more than 20 years of negotiations on the matter by the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. Indeed, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge are left unregulated within the IP system and open for misappropriation through western IP concepts like the public domain. As a result, indigenous and local communities have faced biopiracy and began to demand protection for their traditional knowledge. The draft instrument to be negotiated puts forward a new mandatory international standard of disclosure of origin in relation to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.  Through an analysis of this proposal, this essay questions its potential to become a successful tool to protect traditional knowledge related to genetic resources, reduce its misappropriation and achieve transparency within the patent system. It will be argued that the proposed instrument may well represent a prudent compromise, but the protection it offers is neither effective nor inclusive and lacks ambition.
Preserving a Role for Falsification in Breaches of Traditional Trusts: Target Holdings, AIB, and the Appropriate Roles of Conscience and Commerce
Authors: Hollingworth Jack William
Published: November 2023

Target Holdings and AIB are decisions which intended to clarify equity’s remedial response to breaches of trust. They suggested a movement away from principles of falsification — rendering a trustee personally liable to the beneficiary for all assets misappropriated in breach of trust — towards a principle of equitable compensation for wrongfully caused losses. Instead of clarity, these cases spawned descriptive and normative debates, which are explored in this article. Section I explores whether the law has truly moved away from falsification, or whether falsification has become a form of equitable compensation as suggested by High Court and Court of Appeal decisions. It suggests that the law has moved on and that these decisions lack any descriptive basis. Section II explores whether equitable compensation applies to all breaches of trust. It argues that Target Holdings and AIB can be confined to the commercial context, preserving a role for falsification in breaches of traditional trusts. Section III considers the normative dimension of whether this distinction should become law. The section suggests that it should because it responds to the competing roles of conscience and commerce within Equity, and provides a suitable remedy for facilitating the purposes of each type of trust.
An Examination of the Practicability of Antony Duff and John Gardner’s Legal Moralism as a Basis of Criminalisation in Contemporary English Criminal Law
Authors: Yeon Thomas
Published: November 2023

This article criticallyexamines the role played by moral values in the scope and structure of criminal offences. In analysing the nature and practicality of legal moralism as a basis of criminalisation, comparisons will be made to notions of responsibility and judgement, and public accounts of criminal law. For focusing on the use of notions of morality per se, this article will not discuss in detail the differences between accounts of legal moralism and public morality. Based on the account of legal moralism advanced by Antony Duff and John Gardner, this article seeks to offer a revised and more nuanced account of the role played by legal moralism in offering a comprehensive account of the scope and structure of criminalisation based on moral wrongs and the State’s jurisdiction in punishing others.
Evaluasi Program Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik (MMPP) di Kecamatan Sukodono Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Rachmawati Intan , Puspaningtyas Anggraeny , Soesiantoro Adi
Published: November 2023

Pelayanan publik yang diberikan oleh pemerintah memerlukan adanya sebuah inovasi yang tujuannya untuk memberikan kualitas pelayanan yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Program Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik (MMPP) merupakan hasil kebijakan PERMEN PAN-RB Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 mengenai  inovasi pelayanan publik di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Tujuan pelaksanaan evaluasi pada program Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik untuk mengetahui keberhasilan program tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan yaitu teori evaluasi kebijakan menurut William n Dunn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik belum cukup efektif namun dalam pelaksanaanya sudah efisien karena petugasnya yang ramah, dan memberi tahu alur pelayanan. Pada indikator kecukupan, program ini dirasa sudah cukup bagi masyarakat karena memudahkan dalam pelayanan. Namun pada indikator perataan, dirasa belum merata dalam mensosialisasikan program MMPP kepada masyarakat Sukodono sehingga masih ada masyarakat Sukodono yang belum mengetahui adanya Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik. Pada indikator ketepatan, jam operasional pelayanan ada yang tidak sesuai dengan jadwal bahkan ada yang sudah tidak beroperasional. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa program MMPP belum maksimal dalam memberikan pelayanan yang diberikan karena belum cukup efektif dan tidak meratanya sosialisasi. Penulis menyarakan perlu adanya koordinasi antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan Kecamatan Sukodono untuk mengatasi beberapa masalah yang terjadi pada Mini Mal Pelayanan Publik.
Tipologi Religius
Authors: Balya M Danial
Published: November 2023

Secara psikologis, perhatian terhadap agama sesungguhnya sudah setua umur manusia sendiri. Sejak tumbuh kesadarannya, manusia telah merenungkan tentang arti hidup dan keberadaannya di dunia, meskipun perenungannya tidak secara sistematis. Akan tetapi, psikologi agama sebagai cabang ilmu psikologi (ilmiah) baru muncul akhir abad ke-19. Kelahiran psikologi ilmiah sendiri mula-mula dilatarbelakangi oleh iklim intelektual yang ditandai dengan tumbangnya teori bumi sebagai pusat semesta (antroposentris) menjadi teori matahari sebagai centre (heliosentris) lewat teori Copernicus, penemuan teleskop oleh Galileo, ditambah dengan pemikiran baru Rene Descartes dan Isaac Newton, serta terbitnya buku Darwin, Origin of Species (1859) disebut sebagai langkah simbolis yang mengisyaratkan bahwa kehidupan manusia dapat diteliti secara rasional dan ilmiah.
Urgensi Rafa’ Dalam Keabsahan Wali Nikah
Authors: Muzayyanah Muzayyanah
Published: November 2023

Rafa’ adalah proses pemeriksaan dokumen yang wajib dilakukan sebelum dilaksanakannya pernikahan. Hal tersebut tertuang dalam Pasal 5 Peraturan Menteri Agama No 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Perkawinan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan oleh KUA (penghulu) terhadap calon suami untuk memastikan ada atau tidaknya halangan untuk menikah. Urgensi Rafa’ dalam perkawinan sangatlah penting, karena merupakan gerbang utama untuk memastikan keabsahan pernikahan. Dengan melaksanakan Rafa’, kita dapat mengetahui apakah syarat-syarat terkait dengan identitas perkawinan ini sudah sesuai dengan kenyataan atau tidak, dalam artian tidak ada unsur penipuan atau kebohongan di dalamnya. Identitas tersebut terkait dengan status calon mempelai laki-laki, calon mempelai wanita, ataupun status wali nikah apakah benar-benar merupakan wali yang mempunyai hak untuk menikahkan atau hanya ayah sambung atau ayah angkat yang kebetulan berada dalam 1 KK (Kartu Keluarga) dan merasa paling berhak karena sudah menafkahi dan membesarkan calon pengantin wanita. Namun banyak kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan Rafa’, ketidak lengkapan data pribadi seperti KTP dan KK, ketidakterbukaan calon mempelai atau wali juga menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan Rafa’ yang dapat mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya syarat dan rukun nikah. Oleh karenanya, peran dari semua pihak sangatlah penting baik dari pihak KUA, calon pengantin dan wali, masyarakat setempat utamanya mudin/ PPN sebagai kepanjangan tangan dari KUA yang mewakili tiap desa untuk menggali data yang sebenar-benarnya perihal calon pengantin yang akan mengajukan pencatatan nikah ke KUA.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN BADUTA DI KELURAHAN BLINDUNGAN KECAMATAN BONDOWOSO KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO
Authors: S Susilowati , Agustin Leni
Published: November 2023

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi sebagian besar ditentukan oleh jumlah ASI yang diperoleh, termasuk energi dan zat gizi lainnya yang terkandung didalam ASI tersebut. ASI tanpa bahan makanan lain dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pertumbuhan sampai usia bayi 6 bulan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan Peningkatan BB Baduta

Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisa observasional dengan pendekatan an cross sectional  Populasi semua ibu baduta di Kelurahan Blindungan Kecamatan Bondowoso Kabupaten Bondowoso berjumlah 100 . Dengan menggunakan porposif sampling didapatkan  jumlah sample sebanyak 28 baduta yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi.

Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar baduta tidak asi esklusif yaitu 17 baduta (60,8%) dan sisanya 11 baduta (39,2%) asi esklusif. Dari 11 baduta yang asi eklusif  hampir semua baduta berada pada gizi baik yaitu 10 baduta (90,9%) dan hanya 1 baduta (9%)  berada di ambang gizi lebih dan tidak ada baduta  yang mengalami gizi kurang/ buruk. Kesimpulan ,terdapat hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan peningkatan BB baduta di Kelurahan Blindungan Kecamatan Bondowoso Kabupaten Bondowoso.

Pentingnya peningkatan penyuluhan ASI eksklusif kepada ibu sejak hamil dan nifas.
Comparing the impact of COVID-19 on Search and Rescue and fire emergency incident responses
Authors: Koester Robert , Greatbatch Ian
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in stay-at-home orders in many countries. Europe and North America were most affected for during the first wave in March, April, and May 2020. The mobility of the general population was significantly reduced, with governments directing people to remain indoors unless absolutely necessary. However, the impact on Search and Rescue (SAR) and the other emergency services was unclear, as although the teams themselves were not subject to lockdown, many of the factors leading to their deployment had to change significantly. Data was collected from SAR organizations that had previously contributed to the International Search & Rescue Incident Database, the United States Coast Guard SAR office, and the London Fire Brigade for the months of March, April, and May for both 2020 and 2019. A significant decrease in incidents was seen in 2020 for the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, The Air Force Rescue Coordination Center, and for the London Fire Brigade. All of the other sources had no statistically significant change while some did show minor increases. It appears, with certain data limitations, that SAR organizations should continue to plan for approximately the same level of response even during a pandemic and should prepare appropriate response guidelines. Key Words: SAR, Fire and Rescue, COVID-19, Incidents, Seasonality
Determinants of Mexican Lower Secondary School Students’ Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education
Authors: Pozas Marcela , Letzel-Alt Verena
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE. Given the ever-increasing diversity of the global student body and the individual learning needs of students, the establishment of inclusive educational settings has become still more relevant worldwide. Empirical evidence suggests that the success of inclusive schooling strongly relies on the attitudes of all stakeholders involved. As a result, research has focused intensively on examining the determinants of teacher and parent attitudes toward inclusive education. However, when considering students’ attitudes toward inclusive education, empirical research to date has focused primarily on examining the attitudes (and their determinants) of students without special education needs toward their peers without special education needs, while research on students’ general attitudes toward learning in inclusive educational settings is scarce. Against this background, this study aimed to explore the determinants of Mexican lower secondary school students’ attitudes toward inclusive education.
METHODS. A total of 307 Mexican lower secondary students from 20 classes participated voluntarily in this study. The students completed a voluntary online self-report questionnaire on their attitudes toward inclusive education. Based on the literature review on individual and context-level determinants of students’ attitudes, the questionnaire, including data on students’ sociodemographic variables and general self-efficacy, as well as ratings of their teachers differentiated instructional practice, was developed.
CONCLUSION. The findings of this study emphasize that solely attending a class together with a peer with special educational needs does not inherently translate into more positive attitudes towards inclusion, but rather the quality of contact and meaningful experiences between students do. Additionally, considering the significant role that students’ general self-efficacy has on their attitudes, the present study calls for appropriate instructional actions and interventions in which students can foster their personal beliefs on how they can engage with other students as well as with educational tasks within inclusive learning settings.
Demokratiets vilkårlighed: En analyse af forekomsten af valgparadokser ved tre folketingsvalg
Authors: Kurrild-Klitgaard Peter , Duminiski Emily , Horndrup Søren Nikolai
Published: November 2023

I et demokratisk system kan vælgerpræferencer aggregeres til en samlet kollektiv præference på et utal af forskellige måder, hvorefter en specifik aggregeringsmetode fordeler det samlede antal mandater mellem partierne. Hvis metoden producerer resultater,som divergerer fra vælgernes underliggende præferencer, opstår der såkaldte valgparadokser. De kendes fra flertalsvalgsystemer (f.eks. amerikanske og britiske valg), men det er generelt overset, at de også kan forekomme under forholdstalsvalg. Ved brug af data fra valgundersøgelserne ifm. folketingsvalgene 2007, 2011 og 2015 analyseres den mulige empiriske forekomst af fire teoretisk udledtevalgparadokser fra social choice-teori. Vi viser, at alle fire valgparadokser forekommer empirisk. Dermed sættes der spørgsmålstegn ved, i hvilket omfang folketingsvalgs udfald kan udlægges som en afspejling af folkets vilje.
Selective Enforcement and Multi-Party Antitrust Infringements: How to Handle "Unilateral Agreements"?
Authors:   olish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK), Polański Jan
Published: November 2023

In cartel cases, there are good policy reasons to investigate all cartel members and to address a decision to each of them. Yet, the case is different when it comes to vertical infringements. Vertical infringements often involve more undertakings, but their continued existence depends on the participation of e.g. wholesalers. In consequence, antitrust authorities might be interested in pursuing a policy of selective enforcement and targeting investigations at single undertakings, even despite the fact that such infringements are multi-party ones. This, however, raises concerns whether such an approach is valid and how it affects the rights of defence. Taking into account that the European Commission’s return to RPM cases in 2018 provided national competition authorities (NCAs) with additional incentives to investigate vertical cases, this article reflects on what might be the reaction of the European Court of Justice (CJEU), if the aforementioned approach is questioned either during an appeals procedure or within a preliminary request.
The Irony of Contemporary Loneliness: Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Symbolic Solace within Ubiquitous Digital Connection
Authors: Dowd John
Published: November 2023

This article explores the relationship between digital environments and adverse mental health effects. I begin by operationalizing key terms including social media and loneliness, before moving to relevant literature on social media use and mental health. Next, I unpack R.D. Laing’s notion of confirmation and disconfirmation, which serves as a backdrop for thinking through online social interaction. Finally, putting Burke in conversation with Laing, I discuss the role that embodiment plays in social presence and argue that experiences of loneliness may be, contrary to claims by social media firms and techno-enthusiasts, heavily influenced by the inevitable disconfirmation that occurs in digitally mediated communication environments.
Digital Media as a Form of Electronic Graffiti (e-Graffiti): From Walls to Social Media
Authors: Martins Vanessa , Braga Adriana , Logan Robert K.
Published: November 2023

We will explore the thesis that social media are used to achieve many of the same objectives of traditional wall-based graffiti and as such are forms of electronic graffiti that can reach a much larger audience than traditional graffiti scratched or painted on walls, buildings, monuments and other public surfaces. The parallel of graffiti and e-graffiti is that both provide a medium of communication and expression to those without access to the traditional mass me- dia channels of society controlled by the owners (private or governmental) of commercial me- dia outlets. We will focus in this study on the uses of social media that parallel wall-based graf- fiti such as personal aggrandizement, boasting of achievements, protesting, expressing woke culture, political propaganda and protest, hatred, love, and rebellion. We also identify similari- ties and differences between wall-based traditional graffiti and e-graffiti.
Byung-Chul Han: Digital Technologies, Social Exhaustion, and the Decline of Democracy
Authors: Picchione John
Published: November 2023

Byung-Chul Han’s pivotal works display a provocative examination of digital technologies, capitalism and its commodification of life, achievement society and its pathologies. This article examines these issues in relation to the end of the disciplinary and immunological paradigm and the shift toward a neuronal model at the base of the present-day human subject and its social and political consequences. The relationship between new technologies and self-exploitation, pornographication of the ego and the disappearance of the Other is explored in conjunction with the overload of information and entropy, and an agonizing democracy.
My happy fate with Acta Physica Sinica
Authors: Yu Lu ,   Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: November 2023

My scientific career has been closely associated with Acta Physica Sinica, receiving from her forceful support at crucial moments, with deep gratitude. My maiden work opening up independent exploration is still widely cited in frontier research after 60 years; the up-to-date frontier calculations, surviving disruptions and isolation during the “cultural revolution” have laid down the ground for the international scientific exchange after reforms and opening up.
Optimization theory and application of epitaxial layer thickness uniformity in vertical MOCVD reaction chamber with multiple MO nozzles
Authors: Li Jian-Jun , Cui Yu-Zheng , Fu Cong-Le , Qin Xiao-Wei , Li Yu-Chang , Deng Jun ,   Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Published: November 2023

Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a key means of epitaxy of heterojunction semiconductor material, the uniformity of its epitaxial layer thickness will directly affect the yield of the product, especially the vertical cavity surface emitting device, which has a higher requirement for thickness uniformity. For the multi-MO nozzle vertical reaction cavity MOCVD, this paper combines theory and experiment to give an effective method of improving the epitaxial layer thickness uniformity through adjusting the flow rate of each MO nozzle. Firstly, each MO source nozzle is equivalent to an evaporation surface source, and an equivalent height is introduced to cover the relevant epitaxial parameters of MOCVD and the quantitative relationship between the epitaxial layer thickness and the flow rate of each MO source nozzle is established by taking three MO source nozzles as an example. After that, the model parameters are extracted by fitting through the least squares method based on the experimentally measured epitaxial layer thickness distribution results. Finally, based on the extracted model parameters, a method to optimize the epitaxial layer thickness uniformity is given. Accordingly, the AlGaAs resonant cavity structure, which is easy to accurately test the epitaxial layer thickness, is designed and epitaxially grown by using the EMCORE D125 MOCVD system. The statistical results of the mapping reflection spectra of the 4-inch epitaxial wafers are that the average wavelength of the cavity mode is 651.89 nm, with a standard deviation of 1.03 nm, and thickness uniformity of 0.16% is achieved. At the same time, epitaxial growth of GaInP quantum well structure, 4-inch epitaxial wafers mapping photoluminescence spectrum statistics for the average peak wavelength of 653.3 nm, the standard deviation of only 0.46 nm, and peak wavelength uniformity of 0.07% are achieved. Both the wavelength uniformity of cavity mode and the peak wavelength uniformity of quantum well fully meet the requirements of vertical cavity surface emitting device. The method of adjusting epitaxial layer thickness uniformity proposed in this paper is simple, effective, and fast, and it can be further extended to vertical reaction cavity MOCVD systems with more than four MO nozzles.
Application of metric space method in quantum information in quasi-periodic systems
Authors: Feng Xi-Xi , Chen Wen , Gao Xian-Long ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China,   Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
Published: November 2023

Due to the rapid advancement of quantum information theory, some concepts such as fidelity and entanglement entropy have been introduced into the study of quantum phase transitions, which can be used not only to identify novel matter phases but also to detect the critical point and describe the critical behavior of the quantum phase transitions. From the point of view of the metric space, these physical quantities can be understood as the distance between the two functions in the metric space. In this work, we study a class of quasi-periodic system represented by the generalized Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) model, by using the distance between various wavefunctions or density distribution functions in real space. The generalized AAH model, an ideal platform to understand Anderson localization and other novel quantum phenomena, provides rich phase diagrams including extended, localized, even critical (multifractal) phases and can be realized in a variety of experimental platforms. In the standard AAH model, we find that the extended and localized phases can be identified. In addition, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between two distinct distances. We are able to precisely identify the critical point and compute the critical exponent by fitting the numerical results of different system sizes. In the off-diagonal AAH model, a complete phase diagram including extended phase, localized phase, and critical phase is obtained and the distance of critical phases is intermediate between the localized phase and extended phase. Meanwhile, we apply the metric space method to the wave packet propagation and discover that depending on the phase, the distance between wave functions or density functions exhibits varying dynamical evolution behavior, which is characterized by the exponent of the power-law relationship varying with time. Finally, the distance between the state density distribution functions is proposed, and it effectively identifies distinct matter phases and critical points. The critical phase which displays a multifractal structure, when compared with the other two phases, has the large state density distribution function distance. In a word, by defining the distances of a function under different parameters, we provide not only a physical quantity to identify familiar phase transitions but also an intuitive way to identify different matter phases of unknown systems, phase transition points, and their critical behaviors.
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multi-aldehyde stress tolerance to land plants
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Roy Ankit , Mukul Shivapura Jagadeesha , Singh Avinash Kumar , Singh Dipesh Kumar , Nalli Aswan , Banerjee Pujaita , Babu Kandhalu Sagadevan Dinesh , Raman Bakthisaran , Kruparani Shobha P , Siddiqi Imran , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: November 2023

Aldehydes, being an integral part of carbon metabolism, energy generation, and signalling pathways, are ingrained in plant physiology. Land plants have developed intricate metabolic pathways which involve production of reactive aldehydes and its detoxification to survive harsh terrestrial environments. Here, we show that physiologically produced aldehydes, i.e., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal in addition to acetaldehyde, generate adducts with aminoacyl-tRNAs, a substrate for protein synthesis. Plants are unique in possessing two distinct chiral proofreading systems, D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase1 (DTD1) and DTD2, of bacterial and archaeal origins, respectively. Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that only archaeal DTD2 can remove the stable D-aminoacyl adducts on tRNA thereby shielding archaea and plants from these system-generated aldehydes. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, we have shown that the loss of DTD2 gene renders plants susceptible to these toxic aldehydes as they generate stable alkyl modification on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, which are recycled only by DTD2. Bioinformatic analysis identifies the expansion of aldehyde metabolising repertoire in land plant ancestors which strongly correlates with the recruitment of archaeal DTD2. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of DTD2 offers better protection against aldehydes than in wild type Arabidopsis highlighting its role as a multi-aldehyde detoxifier that can be explored as a transgenic crop development strategy.
Sorting secretory proteins
Authors: Parchure Anup , von Blume Julia
Published: November 2023

A receptor protein called TGN46 has an important role in sorting secretory proteins into vesicles going to different destinations inside cells.
LA PRESENCIA OBLIGADA DEL SUJETO NULO EN ESPAÑOL
Authors: Martínez Orozco Javier
Published: November 2023

Entre los discutibles argumentos relativos al asunto relacionado con la expresión y la ausencia del sujeto en español sobresale la escasa atención prestada a la forzosa presencia de un sujeto tácito referencial en ciertos casos. Este hecho, además de cuestionar la clasificación del español como lengua pro-drop, requiere de un estudio profundo que permita entender los factores involucrados. Con este objetivo, proponemos una hipótesis que permita sistematizar las razones que provocan la imposibilidad de expresar el sujeto en todas las variedades de nuestra lengua y la posible existencia de un pro referencial en aquellas lenguas que, en teoría, reclaman la realización fonética de este constituyente. Además, en este trabajo se tratan algunas estructuras propias del español antillano y de otras zonas del Caribe que ayudan a entender por qué la realización del sujeto es más frecuente en esta zona dialectal.
Carácter, naturaleza e índole como nombres ligeros de nivel individual
Authors: Sanromán Begoña
Published: November 2023

Las nominalizaciones de cualidad (utilidad) y las de estado (agitación), las primeras relacionadas con adjetivos de nivel individual (X es útil) y las segundas, con adjetivos de nivel episódico (X está agitado), de igual modo que las nominalizaciones ambiguas (dificultad) entre un sentido de cualidad (la dificultad de X ‘cualidad de difícil’) y uno de estado (X está en dificultades ‘en un periodo difícil’) pueden parafrasearse por un nombre acompañado del adjetivo correspondiente (de carácter útil, situación agitada, naturaleza difícil, circunstancias difíciles). En este estudio defenderemos que los nombres que coocurren con los adjetivos en estos contextos son predicados ligeros, en la medida en que funcionan como núcleo sintáctico del sintagma, pero no como su núcleo semántico. Además, mostraremos que estos nombres pueden clasificarse en dos tipos, nombres ligeros individuales y nombres ligeros episódicos, y que se combinan con adjetivos del mismo tipo aspectual, sirviendo en ocasiones como desambiguadores de los adjetivos. En particular, nos centraremos en los nombres ligeros de nivel individual, de los que realizaremos una descripción, contrastándolos primero con los verbos ligeros y, a continuación, con los nombres ligeros de nivel episódico. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea, hemos seleccionado los nombres carácter, naturaleza e índole como representativos de la clase de los nombres ligeros individuales y analizamos su comportamiento a partir de ejemplos extraídos de CORPES XXI.
El sintagma nominal y los complementos preposicionales del nombre: una propuesta didáctica para 4.º de ESO
Authors: Laura Ros García
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se aborda la enseñanza del sintagma nominal (SN) en 4.º de ESO. En primer lugar, se pone de manifiesto la falta de progresión y de profundidad con que se plantea el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de unidades inferiores a la oración en el currículo de ESO y Bachillerato. En segundo lugar, se revisa la transposición didáctica realizada sobre el SN en varios libros de texto de 4.º de ESO, y se presenta una propuesta didáctica de determinados contenidos gramaticales que pueden trasladarse al aula para trabajar la configuración de este sintagma en un nivel de profundidad y complejidad mayor que el de los cursos previos. Esta se completa con un conjunto de ejercicios que permiten afianzar los contenidos teóricos presentados. El objetivo principal de esta propuesta didáctica es abordar el estudio del sistema lingüístico en Secundaria no solo como una herramienta comunicativa, sino también como un objeto científico, de modo que se potencie la competencia metalingüística a partir del desarrollo de habilidades como la observación activa, la reflexión, la formulación de hipótesis y la (contra)argumentación.
expresión del futuro en las variedades oral y escrita del español de Uruguay
Authors: Bértola Cecilia , Taibo Marcelo
Published: November 2023

En este artículo analizamos las diferencias en la distribución y en la interpretación del futuro sintético [-RÁ] y del futuro perifrástico [IR + a + Inf] en los registros oral y escrito del español del Uruguay. El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de dos corpus -oral y escrito- muestra que la lengua escrita mantiene la preferencia de [-RÁ] para referir al futuro mientras en la oralidad es expresado por [IR + a + Inf] y [-RÁ] se emplea únicamente como operador de incertidumbre. El tipo de oraciones en que aparece [-RÁ] en la oralidad (independientes y subordinadas con periferia izquierda completa) constituye un indicio de que este operador se interpreta en el nivel extraproposicional de la proyección SFuerza. En la zona geográfica estudiada, conviven las dos formas para referir al futuro, lo que nos lleva a concluir que existen dos gramáticas, una asociada a la lengua escrita y otra, a la lengua oral.
'Drink for thought': Anglicismos en el campo de la bebida en la prensa digital española
Authors: Luján Carmen
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo examina la presencia de anglicismos en el campo de la bebida en el español. A partir del análisis de 22 medios digitales a través de la herramienta “Observatorio Lázaro” se ha procedido a la compilación de una muestra de setenta y ocho unidades léxicas anglicadas no adaptadas. Los términos extraídos hacen referencia a numerosos tipos de bebida alcohólicas, de los cuales muchos ya cuentan con equivalentes en español, mientras que otros de los vocablos aluden a nuevos conceptos que no cuentan con una palabra en español dada su novedad. Otros aspectos como la variedad y frecuencia de uso, la inclusión en varios diccionarios de referencia así como las funciones pragmáticas de estos anglicismos son analizados.
Ellipsis in Spanish
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: November 2023

This article presents a descriptive and analytical overview of potential ellipsis cases in Spanish. After highlighting the main complications that the notion of ellipsis brings up, this work presents a detailed summary of the main empirical properties of ellipsis in nominal, verbal and clausal contexts. Then, the main theories about ellipsis and the analytical alternatives to standard deletion at PF are presented. The article concludes with a discussion of what type of properties ellipsis may have in Spanish.
Indefinite readings of referential null subjects and null objects in Spanish
Authors: Martínez García Carlos
Published: November 2023

It has been claimed in the literature that referential null subjects receive definite readings in consistent null-subject languages, like Spanish. That is why they are said to display the typical behavior of definite pronouns (pro). However, referential null subjects can receive indefinite readings under the following conditions: i) the antecedent must be a bare plural, ii) the indefinite null argument is interpreted as a bare noun, typically as an internal argument, and iii) identity of sense anaphora is involved. Crucially, referential null objects appear under the same conditions, and receive indefinite readings in Peninsular Spanish. This suggests that the gap could be analyzed in the same way. In this paper, I argue that both null arguments should not be analyzed as empty pronominals (pro), given the syntactic behavior that they show. By contrast, I will argue that an argument ellipsis analysis should be assumed, given that the internal argument position is occupied by an indefinite, non-specific bare noun, the null gap can receive sloppy readings, and the omission is not as ‘big’ as the one at verb-stranding VP-ellipsis, nor as ‘small’ as the one at nominal ellipsis.
Antioxidant activity, anti-tyrosinase activity, molecular docking studies, and molecular dynamic simulation of active compounds found in nipa palm vinegar
Authors: Chatatikun Moragot , Tedasen Aman , Pattaranggoon Nawanwat Chainuwong , Palachum Wilawan , Chuaijit Sirithip , Mudpan Amron , Pruksaphanrat Supawita , Sohbenalee Sasirat , Yamasaki Kenshi , Klangbud Wiyada Kwanhian
Published: November 2023

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanogenesis and its inhibitors have become increasingly because of their potential activity as hypopigmenting agents which have less side effects. Nipa palm vinegar is an aqueous product that is normally used as a food supplement. The aim of this study was to study the determination of antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of original nipa palm vinegar (AE O-NPV), nipa palm vinegar powder (NPV-P) and aqueous extract of nipa palm vinegar powder (AE NPV-P) were examined. Nipa palm vinegars were evaluated the phenolic and flavonoid content, and the active compounds which were submitted to molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, chemoinformatics, rule of five, skin absorption and toxicity. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents in the AE O-NPV were 2.36 ± 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and 5.11 ± 0.59 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and the highest ABTS radical cation scavenging activity was also found. The AE O-NPV, NPV-P and AE NPV-P showed anti-mushroom tyrosinase activity. The HPLC analysis showed that there were vanillic acid and three flavonoids (catechin, rutin and quercetin). The molecular docking study revealed that the binding of the vanillic acid and three flavonoids occurred in the active site residues (histidine and other amino acids). Moreover, the number of hydrogen bond acceptors/donors, solubility, polar surface area and bioavailability score of the vanillic acid and three flavonoids were acceptable compared to Lipinski’s Rule of Five. The molecular dynamic simulation showed that vanillic acid interacts with HIS284 through π–π stacking hydrophobic interactions and forms a metal-acceptor interaction with the copper molecule at the tyrosinase active site. All compounds revealed good skin permeability and nontoxicity. Nipa palm vinegar could be a promising source of a new ingredient for tyrosinase inhibition for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.
Análisis granulométrico de agregado para el concreto a través de un algoritmo basado en redes neuronales (Deep Learning)
Authors: Gutierrez Layme Delia , Lopez Hinostroza Hamhit , Sosa Aquise Rubén
Published: November 2023

En la actualidad, el diseño de mezclas tradicional no logra optimizar adecuadamente los tiempos involucrados. Por lo tanto, se propone utilizar el método de las redes neuronales para mejorar la eficiencia en términos de tiempo y acceso a lugares difíciles, así como en el transporte al laboratorio. El objetivo principal es aplicar técnicas de aprendizaje profundo (deep learning) para evaluar la calidad de un agregado de cantera y determinar si cumple con las especificaciones requeridas para su uso en concreto, de acuerdo con las normativas vigentes. La metodología consistió en recopilar 20 imágenes por muestra, la obtención del análisis de granulometría, se consideró 2 canteras del departamento de Junín Satipo (Sonomoro y Llaylla) y 1 cantera del departamento de Cusco (Vicho), con un total de 13 muestras, en el presente artículo realizado se ubica dentro tipo de investigación experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo. Los resultados se obtuvieron a través de la ejecución del algoritmo Yolo, con la detección de imágenes, obteniendo el 93.20%, según la norma técnica peruana (NTP 400.12, 2001), con una desviación típica de 0,96 %. El algoritmo fue entrenado según los tamices dados en la norma técnica peruana (NTP 350.001, 1970). En conclusión, el uso del algoritmo en el análisis de los datos ha permitido reducir significativamente el tiempo requerido para llevar a cabo la evaluación física y ha mejorado el estudio del agregado de manera efectiva.