bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the power of peptides from Cucumaria frondosa coelomic fluid as multitarget therapy of diabetic kidney disease: An in-silico study
Authors: Rita Rauza S. , Cuandra Kevin N. , Nasri Syahidatul A. , Carmenita Mutiara A. , Kristaningtyas Nathania A. , Rasendriya Daffa Z. , Maulana Rafi , Hibatullah Muhammad N. , Yahono Angela S. , Afdhal Fitrah , Ibrahim Filzatuz Z. , Nayu Balqist K. , Teguh Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Diabetic kidney disease is a condition characterized by persistent albuminuria, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a reduced glomerular filtration rate in people with diabetes. Peptides in Cucumaria frondosa coelomic fluid have been proven to provide antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity that can be used as one of the innovations in developing a multitarget therapy, especially in diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to unravel the power of peptide-based metabolites from C. frondosa coelomic fluid as multitarget therapy for diabetic kidney disease using an in-silico study. UCSF Chimera software was utilized to construct the three-dimensional structure of coelomic fluid peptides from C. frondosa. The toxicity and allergenicity of peptides were examined using the ToxinPred and AllerTop websites, respectively. From the PDBJ database, the 3D structures of protein kinase B, alpha isoform (AKT1); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); α-glucosidase; and glucokinase were obtained. Molecular docking was carried out using MOE Software. In this in-silico study, peptide 9 (-10.32 kcal/mol), peptide 1 (-9.41 kcal/mol), and peptide 3 (-9.55 kcal/mol) were shown to act as specific adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors of EGFR, AKT1, and VEGFR2, respectively. Peptide 8 (-11.06 kcal/mol) can specifically inhibit α-glucosidase by binding to its active site. Peptide 1 (-9.80 kcal/mol) is predicted to specifically inhibit glucokinase activity by blocking its active side. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable interactions with receptor proteins. In conclusion, C. frondosa coelomic fluid peptides have been shown not only to alleviate diabetic kidney disease but also to stabilize blood glucose levels and prevent hyperglycemia based on in-silico analysis.
The pedagogical relevance of competence and the idea of integration
Authors:   The National Agency for Quality Assurance in Education and Research, CALLO Tatiana
Published: January 2025

Starting from the question of what is competence in education and what is its pedagogical source, the present article addresses some key aspects of competence from the perspective of the idea of completeness, an issue less researched in the aspect of the orientation towards the integration of the „components” of competence, this intended being quite a pressing topic. Ultimately, being an explanatory emergency, the specifics of the integration of knowledge, capacities, attitudes in a competence is a reason for theoretical debate and, in particular, the provocative interrogative approach: How much does (or must occupy) each component in the integrated space in the aggregation process? and Can there be more types of competence depending on the space occupied by each of the components (knowledge, capabilities, attitudes) as a result of aggregation?
Reconfiguring the school learning process: the results of the scientific research
Authors:   Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, FRANȚUZAN Ludmila
Published: January 2025

The article represents a synthetic evaluation of the research carried out within the project “Reconfiguration of the learning process in general education in the context of societal challenges”, which started during the years 2020-2023.The novelty, scientific originality and praxeological and methodological results obtained from the research are objectified by the updating of the concept of socially challenged school learning, complex learning structures, own vision in learning, facilitating relationship, learning culture, inter-/trans-disciplinary connections towards the formation of skills- key and the development of the Conceptual Framework regarding the reconfiguration of the learning process from their perspective, the interactive approach, STEM/STEAM education, cross-curricular themes, the development and experimental validation of the Paradigm for the reconfiguration of the learning process in an inter-/trans-disciplinary context, the design of models and strategies for reconfiguring learning for the curriculum areas Language and Communication, Mathematics and Sciences, Social Education, Arts. The applied value of the research consists in providing the general education system in the Republic of Moldova with theoretical and methodological foundations regarding the development of the educational process, policy documents, school textbooks.
Self-assessment as a tool for developing the competence of learning how to learn in high school
Authors:   Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, BALABAN Luminița Maria
Published: January 2025

The article investigates the role of self-assessment in developing the competence of learning how to learn in high school students, highlighting its importance in promoting autonomous learning skills. Self-evaluation is approached as a tool for identifying the strengths and the aspects that require improvement, facilitating a continuous and effective learning process. The study, which involved the application of a self-assessment questionnaire to a group of 75 students from the 10th and 11th grades, assessed various aspects of the learning process, such as organization of the learning process, use of the learning strategies and techniques, critical thinking, motivation and the attitude towards learning, as well as the assessment and personal development. The results indicate that self-assessment has a positive impact on students’ motivation and involvement in the learning process, highlighting at the same time both the benefits and the challenges of this approach. The findings of the study emphasize the need to integrate selfassessment into educational practice and provide recommendations for future research and practical applications.
The disclosure of the ideal of man in the educational concept of the people
Authors:   Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, STAFIU Natalia
Published: January 2025

Popular pedagogy as a value model constitutes the foundation of the formation of general human culture. Education having as its purpose the formation of the human personality, it aims at corresponding major objectives. Thus, we try an exploratory approach to the concept of the ideal man from the educational perspective of the people and the past, because today this concept can serve us as an example and a model for our society. The opening to the new in culture and valorization must start from the opening to the values of the past, and the openness to universality, from the openness to the national, to the specificity of universality.
Quality assurance of institutional management by olsdî in the context of the external evaluation process in general education
Authors:   Ministry of Education, Culture and Research, TONU Tamara , ȘEVCIUC Maria ,   The National Agency for Quality Assurance in Education and Research, ARGINT-CĂLDARE Lucia ,   Ministry of Education, Culture and Research
Published: January 2025

External evaluation of the quality of education cannot be successfully achieved without the collaboration and concentrated efforts of all stakeholders in the educational field. In the context of external evaluation in general education, the Local Specialty Body in the Field of General Education (OLSDÎ) plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of institutional management at the local level, being responsible for the implementation of educational policies in the efforts of institutions to achieve nationally approved educational standards . The article examines various aspects related to the results of OLSDÎ’s participation in the external evaluation process and its role in monitoring and methodological advice regarding quality assurance of the management of subordinate general education institutions.
Experiential learning in preschool - practical approaches and effects on children’s development
Authors:   Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, ENACHE Amalia
Published: January 2025

This article aims to explore the impact of experiential learning on the cognitive and emotional development of preschoolers, providing true examples of pedagogical activities and practices. The relevance of this study is given by its potential to provide new insights into how educators can facilitate a learning environment that supports children’s optimal development in the early years of life.
A unique monographic work in title and content: The EGO-GRAPHY OF THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF TEACHING STAFF
Authors:   "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, ANTOFI Simona
Published: January 2025

Autorul și-a propus în această lucrare identificarea, în cadrul general al educației din Republica Moldova, a acelor aspecte de succes, dar și de insucces, ce au caracterizat și au determinat semnificațiile educaționale într-o temporalitate când școlii și cadrelor didactice li s-au acordat sau li se acordă votul de încredere pentru formarea intelectualului țării, acesta fiind elevul. Demersul lucrării este construit pe logica și filosofia prezentării domeniilor de referință, cu cercetarea aspectelor celor mai importante, ne referim la cele două capitole ale monografiei – Profesionalizarea cadrelor didactice: paradigmă sau politică educațională; Profesionalizarea cadrelor didactice: paradigma între „la suprafață” și „în imersiune” –, discuția axându-se pe valorile puse în evidență de cercetările realizate acum 10-15 ani și pe acelea pe care le-a investigat autorul însuși în acest sens. După cum afirmă și autorul în Introducere, principala idee pe care se axează monografia este, pe de o parte – de a realiza explicitarea savantă a anumitor probleme ce provoacă învățământul pedagogic și, pe de altă parte – de a efectua o analiză a conceptului de criză temporală a educației și a profesionalizării cadrelor didactice față de tradiție, față de modernitatea civilizației actuale în măsura în care școala se percepe pe sine drept o nouă tradiție sau o formă de autoritate.
A prática evangelizadora em comunidades com o rosto de Jesus
Authors: Oro Ivo Pedro
Published: January 2025

Every religious tradition has its collective and communal cultural and experiential expression. Christians have learned from Israel's heritage the importance of being and living as God's people and have experienced, with Jesus and the apostles, being community, sharing life, gifts and goods. The context today is, to a certain extent, of exaggerated individualism, of prioritizing one's own interests and closing oneself off from others. In a frequent expression of Pope Francis, it is building more walls and making fewer bridges (FT 27). The Church urgently needs to return to the ecclesiological key of Vatican II: the Church (all the baptized) is the people of God and the priority that the Latin American episcopate established, especially in Medellín, Puebla and Aparecida, is to live life in communities. Their mission is to humanize and liberate, living out love, mercy and care of life, both internally and by contributing to the building of the Kingdom, transforming society. In the world, the Christian community seeks to be and live as the face and presence of Jesus. This is possible as long as there is a real process of formation, of animators and of Christians in general, in the light of ecclesial and biblical teachings that point us towards the commitment to the Kingdom in the world. It is within this ecclesial scenario, based on a bibliographical approach, that this text aims to contemplate three crucial aspects of Christian mission. The first presents some biblical and ecclesial foundations of community life, which is essential for Christians. The second section looks at aspects of community life that can effectively be a continuing presence of Jesus. In the third section, the aim is to emphasize that the community has a mission in society, because it exists to transform the world into a Kingdom, and not to take refuge in spiritualism or intimism, keeping its back to the problems of human beings and of the life of humanity.
Um Marta: a discípula amada do Senhor.
Authors: Pereira Ríos Diego
Published: January 2025

This work is a practice of biblical exegesis from the sociological framework of marginality, applied to a pericope of the Gospel of Luke, specifically referring to the episode known in almost all versions of the Bible as "Martha and Mary". For this study we rely on the Latin American Jerusalem Bible version where we find the episode in Lk 10:38-42, which is the IV part of the gospel, where we see Jesus on his way to Jerusalem. In our research, we tried to change the way we look at the text, seeking to find some aspects that we believe can be reinterpreted. Martha, always perceived as the woman who neglects the attention on Jesus, is now revalued and, therefore, rescuing the task she has to fulfill within her responsibilities. We take this to the level of the service performed by the women who work in the cleaning service of the educational institutions, in order to reach some views that collaborate in the revaluation and recognition of their great task.
Sinodalidade e o fazer teológico a luz do processo sinodal
Authors: Souza Alzirinha
Published: January 2025

In this article, the reader will find the research conducted for the Conference held on September 5, 2023, at Itepa Colleges. Herein, we first present elements of Synodality in the praxis, words, and writings that are inherent not only to the current moment of the Church but also to the very personality of the Pope. In the second part, in light of the first universal stage of the Synod held in October 2023, we present the themes of convergence and challenges that emerged, and how these challenges, in particular, intimately affect the theological work that must contribute to their advancement.
Use of Recycled Materials in Geotechnical Engineering Practice
Authors: Vinot V. , Sivapriya S.V.
Published: January 2025

Waste is inevitable byproduct and its generation due to population increase urge everyone to find out the innovative ways to recycle or reuse them. These strategies will minimize the landfill deposition, preservation of natural resources and the negative effects of waste. Reusing waste
materials as alternatives in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications has gained popularity recently. In the past, a vast amount of research has been conducted on this field of topic, but there are no separate bibliometric studies have been carried out till date to understand its current
and future research developments. In present study, the primary objective is to conduct a bibliometric study aiming to provide a holistic and in-depth bibliometric mapping and evaluation of research development related to the use of recycled materials in geotechnical practice, carefully traced
through the Dimensions database for the recent 20 years. First, the statistical analysis was performed to understand the influential publications, journals, countries, authors. The developing trends of authors' collaborative structures and research topics were then analysed by bibliometric
mapping tool application. The results of the same indicated that a greater number of publications and authors'contribution to the research topic in the last twenty years, and that the collaboration among authors has increased. Further, the aim extended to study the overview of engineering
properties of bottom ash, waste tires and recycled aggregates to utilize as earthen materials for geo-engineering applications. Furthermore, this bibliometric study shall help the researchers to understand the potential future research areas to conduct their further studies.
Household Knowledge and Vulnerability Assessment of Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejike-Alieji A.U.P , Nzeadibe T.C , Ezeah C
Published: January 2025

Globally, households are exposed to various magnitudes of vulnerability within the context of solid waste management. Persistence in unsustainable waste management practices may interfere with climate change impact. This research aims at assessing knowledge and exposure of households
due to unsustainable waste practices which may infringe on climate change impacts and adaptation in Ebonyi state. Identified households with varying magnitude of vulnerability provide focus for improving climate change adaptation, knowledge and reduce exposure to related impact of climate
in Ebonyi State. Data collected from 439 households through standard data collection protocol was analysed with binary composite model and ANOVA. Result show that vulnerability was high in 73% of studied households while 13% had high vulnerability to climate change impact. The results further
show that 14%, 54% and 47% of the households in Ikwo, Abakaliki and Afikpo, respectively had an unsatisfactory knowledge of sustainable solid waste management practices and awareness on policy/law. The study used some ethnographic exposition with ethnographic fact finding as well as philosophical
reasoning to document facts on both knowledge and exposure of households. Improving household adoption of sustainable solid waste management practices can strengthen adaptation to climate change if households are adequately informed in the future. Improved resilience, climate change adaptation
for all stakeholders and provision of facts for policy makers is sure. It concludes that variations in knowledge within specific geographical region play a role in their adoption of sustainable solid waste practices and recommends improving knowledge of the identified vulnerable households
in other to hasten achievement of the sustainable development goal 12, target 3.
Sustainable Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites for Enhanced Mechanical Performance
Authors: Geeri Satish , Prasad Chitturi Ram , Chada Jithendra Sai Raja
Published: January 2025

Fiber-reinforced composites have found extensive applications across industries due to their remarkable strength, rigidity, and resilience, making them a superior choice over traditional materials in terms of performance. This research focuses on developing sustainable composite materials
by utilizing natural fibers, such as flax(Linum usitatissimum) and sisal(Agave sisalana), as reinforcements to reduce dependency on synthetic fibers and address growing environmental challenges. The study involved fabricating three distinct composite samples: one reinforced with 10% sisal
fiber, another with 10% flax fiber, and a hybrid combination containing 10% of both fibers. The hand lay-up method was chosen for the fabrication of polymer composites with 6 layers of E-glass mat for obtaining an overall thick of 8mm. These samples underwent mechanical testing, including
tensile strength evaluation, hardness, Izod impact testing, and three-point bending tests. After characterization, it is revealed that the hybrid composites which contains both flax and sisal fibers have improvements. The tensile strength improved by 30.2%, flexural strength improved by 103.4%,
hardness by 21.4% and impact strength by 4.6% compared with the flax based composite. It is also clear that the experimental data is having high accuracy, based on the regression analysis. The mechanical analysis showcased the ability of these natural fiber-reinforced composites to withstand
diverse mechanical stresses, such as tensile loads, impact forces, and bending stresses, demonstrating their practical applicability. By utilizing renewable, plant-based fibers sourced from crops and agricultural byproducts, this study presents an eco-friendly alternative for composite manufacturing,
effectively minimizing environmental impact and promoting the integration of sustainable materials across various industries.
Enhancing Segmentation Approach: FCM-CNN Based Robust Segmentation Method for Regular and Irregular Shape Fruit Image
Authors: Amit R. Welekar
Published: January 2025

In today’s era of computer vision, the researcher solved the different challenges. Similar to these aspects, this article defined the FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) based enhanced method for segmentation of irregular shape fruit image captured in natural light is a computer vision technique used to identify artificially ripened fruits. The process involves segmenting the fruit image into its constituent parts using fuzzy logic to capture the ambiguity and variability of the fruit's features. The FCM algorithm utilizes a clustering approach to identify regions in the image that have similar characteristics or properties. This approach is particularly useful when the fruit's shape and color vary widely, making it challenging to segment using traditional image processing methods. The enhanced FCM method takes into account the fact that artificially ripened fruits exhibit distinct color variations compared to naturally ripened fruits. By considering the spectral properties of the fruit, the enhanced FCM method can accurately identify artificially ripened fruits. The segmentation process involves converting the fruit image into a set of pixel values, followed by clustering the pixels into different groups based on their similarity. The final step involves identifying the clusters that correspond to the fruit's color and shape and extracting these regions to obtain a segmented image. The state-of-art that the FCM based enhanced method for segmentation of irregular shape fruit image captured in natural light is a powerful tool for identifying artificially ripened fruits, which are a major issues in the food industry relate to health risks.
ENFORCEMENT OF EMERGENCY AWARD- INDIA TAKES A LEAP
Authors: Seemasmiti Pattjoshi
Published: January 2025

An application for interim relief that cannot wait for the creation of an arbitral tribunal to handle the parties' substantive dispute may be addressed through emergency arbitration (or "EA"), which is a binding arbitration conducted by an arbitrator appointed by an arbitral institution due to a lack of time or urgency about the subject matter of the dispute. Arbitral procedures, whether local or international, are handled by an arbitral tribunal following the parties' agreement. According to well-established legal principles, a court or arbitral tribunal may only give interim relief in furtherance of ultimate comfort. To get interim relief, the party requesting it must demonstrate to the arbitral tribunal that its claim against the opposing party has a substantial basis. That failure to obtain temporary relief will result in grave and irreparable harm. An EA allows a party to get urgent interim relief for a set time. The emergency arbitrator(s) perform similar, if not identical, tasks as an ad hoc tribunal, which is likewise formed for a specific reason and is quickly dissolved once that purpose is completed or the time window in which such matters must be resolved expires.
Challenges in Talent Retention Amid adopting new manufacturing practices in the Automobile sector of Chennai.
Authors: J. Krithika, Shilashri
Published: January 2025

The Automobile industry is expected to grow by 270 Billion USD by 2028 and it will contribute the employment opportunities for 65 million people. Chennai is known as the “Detroit of Asia” and the “automobile capital of India.While considering the growth of the sector, immediate attention is essential in retaining its employees. Hence an attempt was made to study about the challenges faced by the employers and employees amid organizational changes in automobile sector. The total number of respondents is 400. The convenient sampling techniques was adopted and both primary and secondary data were utilised. The questionnaire was circulated to collect the primary data. One way ANOVA and Regression analysis were applied in this study.
Dynamics of Cooperation between State and Civil Society Actors in Ukraine throughout the War with Russia
Authors: Gogidze Shalva (Lasha) , Silagadze Givi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the complex dynamics of state and civil society cooperation in Ukraine since the February 2022 Russian invasion. The study relies on in-depth interviews with senior representatives of civil society and state actors in Ukraine and examines the performance of key actors in terms of addressing immediate wartime needs. The research identifies crucial stages in state decision-making where Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a pivotal role, emphasizing their contributions, especially to problem identification, information collection, alternative identification, and result evaluation. Furthermore, it assesses the sustainability of civil society-state actor cooperation during the conflict, emphasizing financial stability, flexibility, communication, and trust as pivotal factors. Lastly, it explores shared challenges, including divergent priorities, politicization, security concerns, and collaboration reluctance, proposing strategies centered on open dialogue, collective problem-solving, and expert advice incorporation. In summary, this research provides nuanced insights into civil society-state actor collaboration during enduring conflict, offering lessons on fostering cooperation and resilience in the face of foreign invasion.
Challenges and Dilemmas of Digitalization in Philippine Education: A Grassroots Perspective
Authors: Kunjiapu Shamuni , Sinnappan Punitha , Anor Salim Farah Akmar , Kunasegaran Mageswari
Published: January 2025

The shift towards digitalization in the Philippine education system has highlighted opportunities and challenges, particularly at the grassroots level. This study explored the systemic barriers hindering digital learning, focusing on the lived experiences of educators, and students. Using a phenomenological research design, data were gathered through focus group discussions and interviews with participants from underserved areas, including educators from geographically isolated regions and students facing socio-economic challenges. Thematic analysis revealed three major findings: (1) significant infrastructure and technological barriers, including poor internet connectivity, lack of devices, and inadequate school resources; (2) socio-economic disparities that exacerbate the digital divide, affecting both students’ academic performance and teachers’ instructional methods; and (3) dilemmas faced by educators and learners in adapting to digital methods, ranging from insufficient training to personal and systemic constraints. Recommendations include establishing a Unified Digital Education Ecosystem through a Public-Private Partnership model, integrating tools for teaching and learning, enhancing broadband infrastructure, and providing affordable devices. This study underscores the need for a holistic, inclusive approach to digitalization, promoting equity and efficiency in education while addressing the unique challenges of underserved communities. The findings aim to inform policy development and improve the implementation of digital education programs in the Philippines.
Sexual Violence in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
Authors: Alsaleem Hasan Marwan Yahya
Published: January 2025

The present research article discusses one of the worst human disasters of the 20th century, which is the persecution of black women in a society considered the first in the world. The work sheds light on the history of the emergence of America as a superpower at the expense of others, including blacks. Blacks are among the most important victims who were subjected to the most heinous forms of injustice, including slavery and abhorrent racial discrimination. It discusses the tragic situation that black women in America suffered from in terms of color, gender, and the patriarchal system in the 20th century through works based on true stories. Despite the intellectual and cultural development that America is experiencing, it is still in the twentieth century adhering to the ideas of the patriarchal system that is unjust to women. The research deals with Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved and sheds light on the true meaning of slavery and sexual exploitation through the protagonist Sethe, as she embodied the suffering of black women in America, especially since it is based on a true story. Comparing it to Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, where the protagonist Celie embodied the injustice of the patriarchal system and sexism and its effects on black women in America. The research explores the symbolic and common themes between both novels: the sadism and hypocrisy in dealing with black women. It highlights the role of the feminist movement in contributing to lifting injustice against women and its effective role in this field as it has been, since its inception, the free voice of women and the defender of their full rights. The two selected works embody this important role, especially since one of the works is from the nineteenth century and the other from the twentieth century.
Koopman operator theory and dynamic mode decomposition in data-driven science and engineering: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ghosh Ramen , Mcafee Marion
Published: January 2025

Poincaré's geometric representation, while historically fundamental in dynamical system analysis, faces challenges with high-dimensional and uncertain systems in modern engineering and data analysis. This article extensively explores Koopman Operator Theory (KOT) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) within data-driven science and engineering and advocates for a conceptual shift toward observable dynamics, emphasizing KOT's capacity to capture nonlinear dynamics in infinite-dimensional space. The potential practical applications of Koopman-based methods are highlighted. Leveraging Poincaré's framework, the limitations of traditional methods are discussed. The review also addresses the growing significance of data-driven methodologies for modelling, predicting, and controlling complex systems.
Strong Leadership and Political Stability Transformed Odisha and India in Sports
Authors: Roy Sangita Kumari , Rathore Prof. Vishan Singh , Yadav Rahul
Published: January 2025

This article examines the strong leadership and political stability in nation-building and state-building, specifically in sports. The present central government initiated many schemes to create a conducive atmosphere for sports. The Fit India movement, Khelo India, Target Olympic podium schemes, etc. have now started giving results. The bid for the 2036 Olympics shows the future paths for Viksit Bharat. The central region is also rapidly expanding, as is the state of Odisha. The study looks into ways that rising civil society and regional cooperation can help with state-building efforts. The state of Odisha is among the states with a low GDP and is facing several disasters. The paper emphasizes the importance of strong leadership and political stability as a strong foot for reconciliation, improves sports institutions, and promotes socioeconomic progress. The reshaping of BCCI by Mr. Dalmiya and making it the richest sports board is a unique example of strong leadership. The same is true with the strong PM at central and strong CM at Odisha were some new dimensions for sports at state and national fields.
NANOMATERIAŁY OPRACOWANE NA POTRZEBY DYSPERSYJNEJ EKSTRAKCJI DO FAZY STAŁEJ, CZĘŚĆ 2 – MATERIAŁY WSPÓŁCZESNE
Authors: Ścigalski Piotr , Kosobucki Przemysław
Published: January 2025

The second part of the review shifts attention to novel modern materials applied to dSPE as sorbents, that are often designed specifically for the extraction of a particular analyte. This part will focus on advances in materials such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), metallic organic frameworks (MOF), layered double hydroxides (LDH) or magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). As in the first part, studies chosen for this review will be listed in tables alongside their relevant validation parameters at the end of each chapter. Studies found to be particularly interesting due to high effectiveness, unusual operating procedure or scope, among other reasons, will be described in greater detail.
RECYKLING AKUMULATORÓW LITOWO- JONOWYCH NA POTRZEBY GOSPODARKI O OBIEGU ZAMKNIĘTYM
Authors: Charzewska Karolina
Published: January 2025

Recycling of lithium-ion batteries is a response to the exploitation of natural resources of elements necessary for the production of energy storage devices and the desire to close the cycle of elements by reducing their loss. The replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources will require batteries capable of storing significant amounts of energy. The effects of scientific projects on this subject are not limited to the research sphere, but have real economic, political and social consequences: independence from the supply of raw materials from distant areas or reduction of human rights violations in the case of conflict elements. Ethical and ecological supply of elements is regulated by the EU and the US, among others. Based on these premises, the article collects information on the recycling process and production of lithium-ion cells in order to illustrate the current market situation and highlight places where there are opportunities to introduce new solutions or improve processes with emphasis on the model of a circular economy
CHEMIA BIOORTOGONALNA – UŻYTECZNE NARZĘDZIE BADANIA PROCESÓW WEWNĄTRZKOMÓRKOWYCH
Authors: Latos Krystian
Published: January 2025

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a rapidly developing field of science operating on the border of chemistry and biology. Its initial goal was to study metabolism and imaging using fluorescently labelled compounds. Due to recent advances, bioorthogonal chemistry can also be used to engineer therapeutic bioconjugates. By using a combination of bioconjugation and advanced omics techniques, it is possible to study and modify complex interactions inside living cells. In the relatively short time since its introduction, bioorthogonal chemistry has found many applications. In nucleic acid research, it is used for labelling, e.g. with biotin, to facilitate detection, immobilization, and purification. Additionally, thanks to the use of fluorescent nucleoside analogues, it can be used to study the interaction and dynamics of nucleic acids. For the study of proteins, bioorthogonal chemistry is an invaluable tool for studying conformation, as well as intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Using techniques such as PET and FRET it is possible to take a closer look at the structure of proteins, which has a significant impact on their functionality. By using biarsenical dyes, interactions between proteins are tracked. This is used in the study of protein aggregation in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and prion diseases. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to understand the mechanism and pathology of these diseases. In biosensing, the elements of bioorthogonal chemistry have been used in a variety of tests and imaging methods. In the end, methods for testing glycan are presented. The advantage of bioorthogonal methods is that they allow labelling on the whole cell or lysate. This application in glycoproteomics is extremely important due to the fact that changes in glycosylation occur during disease states
NARZĘDZIA CHEMICZNE DO BADANIA ENZYMÓW PROTEOLITYCZNYCH PRZY UŻYCIU CYTOMETRII MASOWEJ
Authors: Groborz Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Mass cytometry is one of the newest and most high-throughput technologies that allows for the investigation of complex biological systems at single cell level. It relies on the use of stable metal isotopes as labels of specific cell markers and therefore, allows for simultaneous analysis of more than 40 parameters at single cell level. In order to fully explore the potential of mass cytometry, researchers are trying to develop new experimental setups based on the application of pure metal isotopes in biological studies. The incorporation of antibodies into mass cytometry setups, while extremely selective and well-validated, limits the analysis as it shows the whole protein pool present in the cell. In our group, we developed new technology that allows for the identification of active forms of proteins-the ones that actively participate in cell signaling pathways. Activity-based probes are the most valuable tools for enzyme activity profiling and for years now they have been in the center of the method called Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Classic activity-based probes consist of three parts: a warhead (electrophilic binding group that covalently modifies enzyme active site), linker (specific peptide sequence or non-specific carbon chain) and the fluorescent tag that allows for enzyme detection and localization inside the cell. Spectral properties of commercially available fluorophores allow for the detection of up to dozen different cell parameters, with the use of various techniques such as confocal microscopy or flow cytometry. To increase the number of analyzed parameters, we designed activity-based probes that possess DOTA chelating moiety that is able to trap one metal atom per one probe. The combination of mass cytometry with highly selective activity-based probes allowed for the development of new technology that grants the possibility of multiparametric analysis of complex biological samples such as blood or cancer tissue. The new type of activity-based probes (so-called TOF-probes) incorporate various inhibitor scaffolds designed with HyCoSuL technology (Hybrid Combinatorial Substrate Libraries). These compounds possess a variety of unnatural amino acids in their structures, which significantly increases their selectivity toward proteases of interest.
ZASTOSOWANIE CHEMII „KLIK” DO SYNTEZY BIOKONIUGATÓW SALINOMYCYNY
Authors: Sulik Michał , Antoszczak Michał , Huczyński Adam
Published: January 2025

Bioconjugation is a well-known method of designing new drug candidates for many different diseases, including cancer. The idea of the process is to join two or more bioactive molecules by means of a covalent bond. Thus, obtained hybrids often exhibit higher efficiency compared to that of the starting compounds. Recently, the use of click chemistry, especially Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, has attracted much attention for the synthesis of bioconjugates of natural compounds. The great advantage of this reaction is its high yield and enzymatic stability of the 1,2,3-triazole ring. Mild conditions of this reaction guarantee that it can be used to modify compounds with low stability, such as salinomycin – a representative of ionophore antibiotics. Salinomycin is a naturally occurring lipophilic compound isolated from Streptomyces albus. It is capable of forming complexes with metal cations and transport them across the lipid membranes. This process disturbs the intercellular Na+/K+ concentration gradient and leads to apoptosis (programmed cell death). Salinomycin exhibits high anticancer activity, including efficiency against multidrug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells of different origin. Chemical modification of the salinomycin skeleton to increase its biological activity is a very interesting research direction. Our review article is focused on the application of click chemistry for the synthesis of salinomycin bioconjugates with many different biologically active compounds (Cinchona alkaloids, nucleosides, triphenylphosphonium cation, betulinic acid and other ionophore antibiotics). Some of the obtained hybrids exhibit higher efficiency compared to that of the starting compounds, e.g., increased anticancer activity, the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance, or improved ionophoretic properties. These results are a good starting point for further research on the use of click chemistry in the synthesis of highly functional hybrids of natural compounds.
PREKATALIZATORY OLIGOMERYZACJI OLEFIN OPARTE NA KATIONACH CHROMU(III) ORAZ KOBALTU(II) – WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYKOCHEMICZNE ORAZ KATALITYCZNE
Authors: Malinowski Jacek , Drzeżdżon Joanna , Sikorski Artur , Jacewicz Dagmara
Published: January 2025

The introduction describes the most important facts about the development of polyolefins. This is followed by a description of the role of polyolefins and the most important applications in industry and everyday life. The paper presents new, highly active precatalysts for oligomerization of olefins. These are coordination compounds based on chromium(III) cation, anions of various polycarboxylic acids and auxiliary ligands, such as 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridyl. This review presents their crystallographic structures and basic parameters describing the elementary cell. The catalytic properties of the obtained oligomerization products using chromium(III) coordination compounds by MALDI-TOF MS are described. In conclusion, the presented precatalysts are compared with others described in the literature
MODELE EKSPERYMENTALNE W BADANIACH ZEWNĄTRZKOMÓRKOWEGO TRANSPORTU MIEDZI
Authors: Bal Wojciech
Published: January 2025

he biological relevance of proteins and peptides for Cu(II) biology, including the extracellular transport of this element, is commonly estimated by studying stabilities and structures of their complexes. However, our experimental studies on the kinetics of formation of Cu(II) complexes of ATCUN/NTS and Xaa-His-R peptides, considered to be key actors in extracellular copper biology, revealed novel long-lived reaction intermediates. These intermediates, rather than the final reaction products fulfil the chemical criteria for actual biocomplexes derived from biological studies. Our research clearly demonstrated that understanding of the kinetic aspect of interactions is indispensable for realistic modeling of biological interactions of metal ions.
ZNACZENIE AKTYWNOŚCI PROTEAZY KAPSYDOWEJ CP W ROZWOJU INFEKCJI ALFAWIRUSOWYCH
Authors: Torzyk Karolina , Skoreński Marcin , Sieńczyk Marcin
Published: January 2025

Alphaviruses belong to the worldwide distributed Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus. They are spherical, enveloped, single-stranded RNA arthropod- borne viruses. Alphaviruses are mostly transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes spp. and Anopheles spp.) and are geographically distributed in restricted areas where appropriate vectors are present (Fig.1.). The most recognized members of this genus are Sindbis (SINV), Semliki Forest (SFV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV), Ross River (RRV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Alphaviruses are infection agents for humans and many animals. Clinically, most human infections with arthritogenic alphaviruses are associated with symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pain, rash, chronic arthritis, and encephalitis. Major events during the alphaviral infection are virus entry, replication, assembly, and budding of new virions. Alphaviral RNA encodes four nonstructural and five structural proteins. Nonstructural proteins are mainly involved in the replication process and virus pathogenesis, while structural proteins form new virions. Both groups of viral proteins are produced as single polyproteins which undergo autoproteolytic maturation. This process is carried out by the two viral proteases, cysteine protease nsP4 and C protein serine protease (CP), and is considered to be critical for virus replication. The capsid protease CP is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease with the catalytic triad including His145, Asp167, and Ser219. What is important, after a suicidal autoproteolytic event the side chain of Trp267 remains bound in a hydrophobic S1 pocket thus inhibiting further trans-proteolytic activity. Alphaviral capsid protein undergoes a single proteolytic reaction before maturation and then, after self- inactivation, it assembles to form a viral capsid shell. Inhibitors of the capsid protease have significant antiviral activity. Compounds belonging to this group can be good candidates for new antiviral drugs.
MONITOROWANIE METABOLIZMU KOMÓRKOWEGO ZA POMOCĄ METODY SPEKTROSKOPII NMR
Authors: Pudełko-Malik Natalia , Sapeta Monika , Młynarz Piotr
Published: January 2025

Metabolomics approaches allow systematic identification and quantitation of all metabolites in biological samples analyzes. As already known metabolism is directly or indirectly related to every aspect of cell function, therefore a careful observation of every changes taking place in metabolism, for example endogenous biochemical reaction products, reflects the phenotype of any living cell. Monitoring the metabolite profiles using metabolomics technologies, especially nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based on cell culture, allows us to evaluate drug efficiency and outcome of experimental therapy, and most importantly, it allows us to monitor the reaction of the model cell lines to a given treatment. The continued development of metabolomic approaches, e.g. analytical technique, or chemometric software, will accelerate the widespread use of metabolomics not only in the clinical field but also in different biological fields. This work presents a use of nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and understand the cellular metabolome in a wide range of pathophysiological and clinical contexts.
MONITOROWANIE AKTYWNOŚCI PROTEOLITYCZNEJ JAKO ELEMENT DIAGNOSTYKI CHORÓB CYWILIZACYJNYCH
Authors: Gruba Natalia , Romanowska Anita , Rejmak Wiktoria , Sikora Honorata , Wysocka Magdalena , Lesner Adam
Published: January 2025

Proteolytic enzymes are essential for the proper functioning of every living cell. Due to their great importance in controlling metabolic changes in living organisms, they could be used in the diagnosis of civilization diseases. Hence, the search for new methods of determining and controlling their activity is extremely important. Our team, has been studying substrates of proteases and their potential use in detection of biomarkers activity for many years.
PEPTYDOMIMETYKI I FOLDAMERY AROMATYCZNE W CHEMII BIOLOGICZNEJ
Authors: Ledwoń Patrycja , Staśkiewicz Agnieszka , Jewgiński Michał , Latajka Rafał
Published: January 2025

The interests of the research group working under the supervision of professor Rafał Latajka at the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry at the Wrocław University of Science and Technology are focused on several projects in the field of biological chemistry. Regardless of whether a given project concerns – the synthesis and activity of new enzyme inhibitors, peptides, peptidomimetics, or aromatic foldamers – the thread of correlation between the structure and activity of the studied systems always plays a pivotal role. In this article we are presenting current projects in our research group