bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
flexibilização procedimental pelo julgador e o posicionamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça
Authors: Blandtt Matheus Eduardo , Moitta Pinto da Costa Rosalina
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estabelecer critérios para a flexibilização procedimental pelo julgador e analisar o posicionamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sobre o tema. Utilizando-se o método dedutivo com revisão doutrinária e jurisprudencial, parte-se do estudo do modelo cooperativo de processo, caracterizado pelo redimensionamento da atuação do juiz e da sua relação com as parte, como fundamento da flexibilização procedimental, visando demonstrar que o modelo cooperativo de processo, inaugurando uma nova relação entre os sujeitos processuais, pautada pela participação ativa das partes envolvidas na demanda, fundamenta e legitima a adaptação do procedimento pelo julgador. A seguir, após estudar-se a flexibilização procedimental, definindo-a como técnica processual que permite que os atos e procedimentos sejam ajustados ou adaptados às peculiaridades da causa, proporcionando uma melhor efetividade à tutela jurisdicional, estabelece-se como critério de flexibilização procedimental, além do contraditório, a motivação das decisões judiciais, uma vez que os fundamentos da decisão são os elementos que permitem a aferição da legitimidade constitucional e democrática dos pronunciamentos judiciais. Ao final, após concluir-se que a flexibilização procedimental pelo julgador somente deve dar-se quando a variação procedimental for eficaz para uma melhor prestação da tutela jurisdicional, constata-se que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça tem admitido a variação procedimental quando a forma legal preestabelecida pelo sistema não for apta a tutelar eficazmente o direito material, sempre em decisão fundamentada e prestigiando o contraditório.
Green Bonds
Authors: Cristina da Silva Pereira Giovana , Alves Amaral Lais Greice , Pereira da Silva Narrylle , Jacobi Kölling Gabrielle
Published: January 2023

A responsabilidade social, aliada à governança corporativa, proporciona diversas possibilidades e reflexões para os vários atores envolvidos no cenário econômico, social e jurídico, uma vez que implica o compromisso dos negócios de contribuir para o desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. Tem como ponto base o aprofundamento diante da responsabilidade social que implica um comportamento ético e transparente, que contribua para o desenvolvimento sustentável, que esteja em conformidade com as leis aplicáveis e seja consistente com as normas internacionais de comportamento. Assim, a pretensão do artigo é analisar e conhecer a relação da governança corporativa com a responsabilidade social e com o meio ambiente, especialmente no contexto dos títulos verdes ou green bonds na regulação brasileira. Por fim, é importante verificar o potencial do mercado brasileiro para títulos verdes no agronegócio, na energia renovável e no saneamento. Essas questões abordadas e a temática citada é de suma importância para um desenvolvimento dos incentivos ambientais atrelados a economia, mostrando que ambos podem caminhar em consonância para o bem-estar maior da população tanto quanto a saúde ambiental e econômica. Diante destes cenários, o desenvolvimento de dados de pesquisa encontra-se em andamento para a possibilidade de um aprofundamento técnico mais objetivo, buscando citar não apenas o Brasil, mas sim a esfera mundial do tema abordado, seus impactos, rendimentos, implementações, investidores e possível crescimento.

Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade, responsabilidade social, títulos verdes, regulação.
Aspectos Gerais Dos Tratados Internacionais e a Convenção de Budapeste Sobre Crimes Cibernéticos
Authors: Pegoraro de Araujo Clayton Vinicius
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo e verificar aspectos gerais dos tratados internacionais e os níveis similares de desenvolvimento para aplicação das disposições relativas ao crime cibernético na União Europeia. Utilizando como metodologia a análise documental dos textos legais de domínio público, bem como textos doutrinários que embasam as considerações finais neste trabalho. Durante a análise da Convenção sobre crimes cibernéticos do Conselho da Europa, que foi aberta para assinatura em Budapeste, em novembro de 2001, observou-se que a adesão de membros continua crescendo, bem como a qualidade da cooperação para enfrentar novos desafios no campo da informática, das relações em redes e duro combate ao crime.
direito fundamental à educação na pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Penha Pádua Thainá , Maia Garcia Gustavo Henrique
Published: January 2023

Objetiva-se investigar o panorama atual das condições de acesso dos estudantes brasileiros à internet, verificando se houve, de forma satisfatória, o acompanhamento das aulas através do ensino remoto (EAD) no período de isolamento social causado pela pandemia do vírus Covid-19. A escolha do tema se justifica em razão de sua relevância jurídica e prática, especialmente porque a doença ainda não foi erradicada, e, embora o ensino presencial tenha sido retomado progressivamente, os impactos dos meses de afastamento das instituições escolares ainda são incalculáveis. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (análise de relatórios sobre o acesso à internet no Brasil), demonstrou-se que o ensino à distância, como única alternativa, se mostra questionável, haja vista que uma grande parcela dos estudantes não tem acesso suficiente às mídias digitais, o que viola o princípio constitucional da igualdade e o direito fundamental à educação.
Nota da Editora
Authors: Cardoso Squeff Tatiana
Published: January 2023

Apresenta a edição n. 1 do vol. 50 da Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, relembrando das dificuldades que giram em torno da editoração de revistas, especialmente em tempos pós-pandêmicos e de contínua acumulação de atividades por parte de todos que participam do processo editorial, incluindo autores/as, avaliadores/as e a própria equipe editorial. Salienta, nesse giro, que a Síndrome de Burnout é comum entre os professores universitários, especialmente entre mulheres, de maneira a festejar a participação de 32 autoras (de um total de 57) na presente edição comemorativa de aniversário de 50 anos da Revista da FADIR/UFU. Ademais, em alusão ao dossiê que compõe esta edição, frisa-se que a digitalização da vida trouxe diversos desafios para a garantia e efetividade de direitos fundamentais, para além dos casos de burnout. Assim, frisou-se sobre o relevante papel que o Direito, especialmente desde um olhar crítico, apresenta para (re)pensar a realidade.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROBIOTIC FORMULATIONS ON SALMONELLA HEIDELBERG, AVIAN PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI AND CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
Authors: José Mendes Khoury Danilo , Sommerfeld Simone , Figueiredo Nunes Pedro Lucas , Lourenço da Silva Paulo
Published: January 2023

Uma enorme variedade de espécies de microrganismos tem sido usada como probiótico visando melhorar o equilíbrio microbiano intestinal, controlar e prevenir a colonização de bactérias patogênicas e promover o crescimento na produção animal. Baseado nos diversos fatores benéficos dos agentes de ação probiótica no organismo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia das linhagens de três formulações diferentes de probióticos pela análise de capacidade inibitória contra patógenos comuns do trato gastrointestinal de frangos. Três formulações compostas por microrganismos dos gêneros Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium e Pediococcus foram testadas in vitro pelo método de spot de cultura probiótica em placas para inibição de Escherichia coli, Salmonella Heidelberg e Campylobacter jejuni. Os halos de inibição foram medidos e classificados de acordo com o grau de inibição das bactérias patogenicas. A formulação contendo a associação entre Bacillus, Lactobacillus e Saccharomyces apresentou melhores resultados quando comparado as demais formulações.
A CASE OF ANEMIA OF MIXED GENESIS WITH A DISCREPANCY IN THE RESULTS BETWEEN THE 3-DIFF HEMATOLOGICAL ANALYZER AND LIGHT MICROSCOPY
Authors: Shchekotova A. P. , Khovaeva Y. B. , Ivakina L. A. , Sosnin D. Y. , Bazarnyi V. V.
Published: January 2023

A case of severe anemia of mixed genesis is presented. The clinical picture of the disease is described, the data of laboratory investigations are given. The interest of this case for attending physicians and employees of clinical diagnostic laboratories (CDL) is due to significant discrepancies between the results of blood analysis according to automatic analysis performed using a hematology analyzer and the data of light microscopy of a stained blood smear. Various morphological changes were found in the stained blood smear, which contradicted relatively normal erythrocyte parameters (MСV, MСН, RDW) and the absence of any flags according to the hematological analyzer.
The problems of using hematological analyzer data as a basis for differential diagnosis of anemia with various disorders of erythrocyte and leukocyte morphology, especially when using artificial intelligence for decision-making, are discussed.
AWARENESS OF 3D BODY-SCANNING AND PROSPECTIVE UPDATE OF INDONESIAN ANTHROPOMETRY FOR VIRTUAL FASHION DESIGN
Authors: Hartono Markus , Jaya Brian Kurniawan , Prianka Dian , Parung Christabel Annora , Viviany Viviany
Published: January 2023

It is a challenge for the designer and user in compromising a perfect fit of fashion. This study addresses the awareness of users and development of two different methods for the fitting of a fashion product. The first one, it is an individual anthropometric measurement, whereas the second one is assisted anthropometric measurement. Based on the Focused Group Discussion (FGD), it showed that the virtual fashion technology was perceived as something new and prospective in the future fashion industry. Through the virtual prototyping using CLO3D, it was found that the result had relatively the same as the manual measurement. The virtual one has reduced measurement and lead time significantly. In other words, the virtual measurement is deemed to be a time-saving process, promoting “fitting the product to the user” principle. This study supports a good communication bridge between users and designers through the 3D virtual clothing process, and also contributes to Indonesian anthropometry updates.
New Jersey’s Barbary Diplomat (Part 2 of 2)
Authors: Freund Lawrence S.
Published: January 2023

In 1816, Charles Davenport Coxe, anxious to leave his New Jersey home and return to his diplomatic career, sought a consular appointment to France with the support of his former superior in North Africa, Tobias Lear, who praised Coxe’s arduous service in Tunis at a time when the United States had no warships in the Mediterranean to protect its commerce. However, Coxe’s application was not successful nor was his later bid to return to the Marine Corps as its commandant. Finally, in 1824, Coxe’s efforts were rewarded with an appointment as consul at Tunis. The following year, he was transferred to another North African capital, Tripoli, where he became awkwardly entangled in the local fallout of big-power rivalries and Tripolitan politics. Coxe died in Tripoli in 1830, his legacy one of involvement in two of his country’s most challenging and distant outposts as it began to emerge on the world stage.
No Wild Rivers in South Jersey: An Environmental Biography
Authors: Olsen Kevin
Published: January 2023

Kevin Olsen reviewing No Wild Rivers in South Jersey: An Environmental Biography, by Claude Epstein.
Cultivating Justice in the Garden State: My Life in the Colorful World of New Jersey Politics
Authors: Rasmussen Micah
Published: January 2023

Micah Rasmussen reviewing Cultivating Justice in the Garden State: My Life in the Colorful World of New Jersey Politics, by Ray Lesniak.
Acciones eficaces de prevención del riesgo suicida en militares y policías: sinopsis de revisiones sistemáticas
Authors: Londoño-Pérez Constanza , Moreno-Méndez Jaime Humberto , Ortiz-Garzón Eliana Yvette , Rozo-Sánchez María Margarita , Núñez César , Alvarán-López Sandra Milena , Albeza María Alicia , Rojo Carolina
Published: January 2023

casos de suicidio en el mundo han alcanzado proporciones epidémicas; actualmente representan el 1.4% de las muertes en el planeta (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2015). Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, más de 800.000 personas se suicidan en un solo año, cifra que constituye la segunda causa de defunción en el grupo de jóvenes entre 15 y 29 años en todo el mundo (Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS], 2018). En el contexto colombiano, cifras recientes evidencian que a febrero de 2020 se registraron 386 casos, los cuales reflejan un incremento significativo en relación con los 358 reportado durante el mismo periodo del año 2019 (Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses [INMLCF], 2020). En el ámbito militar, en los últimos 17 años se han presentado en promedio de 67.9 casos de suicidios por año, una tasa de 14.74 suicidios por 100.000 personas (Dirección General de Sanidad Militar [DIGSA], 2017). En la policía, en el 2011, la tasa general del suicidio fue de 18 por cada 100.000 uniformados, la cual se mantiene elevada y representa una problemática importante en esta población (Policía Nacional. Dirección de Sanidad, s. f.).
Using logistic regression models to investigate the effects of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T confounders on ruling in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Li , Cai Xueya , Love Tanzy , Corsetti Matthew , Mathias Andrew M. , Worster Andrew , Ma Jinhui , Kavsak Peter A.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Confounding factors, including sex, age, and renal dysfunction, affect high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations and the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. This study assessed the effects of these confounders through logistic regression models and evaluated the diagnostic performance of an optimized, integrated prediction model.

Methods

This retrospective study included a primary derivation cohort of 18,022 emergency department (ED) patients at a US medical center and a validation cohort of 890 ED patients at a Canadian medical center. Hs-cTnT was measured with 0/3 h sampling. The primary outcome was index AMI diagnosis. Logistic regression models were optimized to predict AMI using delta hs-cTnT and its confounders as covariates. The diagnostic performance of model cutoffs was compared to that of the hs-cTnT delta thresholds. Serial logistic regressions were carried out to evaluate the relationship between covariates.

Results

The area under the curve of the best-fitted model was 0.95. The model achieved a 90.0% diagnostic accuracy in the validation cohort. The optimal model cutoff yielded comparable performance (90.5% accuracy) to the optimal sex-specific delta thresholds (90.3% accuracy), with 95.8% agreement between the two diagnostic methods. Serial logistic regressions revealed that delta hs-cTnT played a more predominant role in AMI prediction than its confounders, among which sex is more predictive of AMI (total effect coefficient 1.04) than age (total effect coefficient 0.05) and eGFR (total effect coefficient −0.008).

Conclusions

The integrated prediction model incorporating confounding factors does not outperform hs-cTnT delta thresholds. Sex-specific hs-cTnT delta thresholds remain to provide the highest diagnostic accuracy.
On the hydrothermal depolymerisation of kraft lignin using glycerol as a capping agent
Authors: Ahlbom Anders , Maschietti Marco , Nielsen Rudi , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans
Published: January 2023

Depolymerisation of kraft lignin under hydrothermal conditions was investigated at short residence times (1–12 min) with glycerol being used as a capping agent. The weight average molecular weight (M
w) of the products decreased within the first minute of residence time, with the inter-unit ether linkages breaking accordingly. Furthermore, the M
w of the product fractions decreased at increasing residence times, while the char yield increased. Short residence times thus appear to be beneficial for mitigating the formation of char. Also, addition of NaOH reduced the yield of char. Although the addition of glycerol caused a decrease in the M
w of the products, it seemed to increase the yield of char and therefore might not be a suitable capping agent for kraft lignin depolymerisation.
Low system justification drives ideological differences in joke perception: a critical commentary and re-analysis of Baltiansky et al. (2021)
Authors: Purser Harry R. M. , Harper Craig A.
Published: January 2023

A recent study by Baltiansky et al. (2021), which was published inHUMOR: International Journal of Humor Researchtested two hypotheses related to system justification and the perception of stereotypical humor. They reported to have found evidence for a cross-over interaction, with judgments of jokes being contingent on a combination of the social status of the targets of jokes and raters’ system justification motivations. Here, we discuss the original analysis, presentation, and interpretation of the data in the target article, before presenting a re-analysis of the authors’ shared data file. We show that the framing of claims such as that “high system-justifiers found jokes targeting low-status groups (e.g., women, poor people, racial/ethnic minorities) to be funnier than low system-justifiers did” are misleading. Instead, our re-analyses suggest that ideological differences in joke perception are driven primarily by those scoring low on the system justification motivation rating jokes about ostensibly low-status groups as less funny than jokes about other social groups.
Mechanistic model of MAPK signaling reveals how allostery and rewiring contribute to drug resistance
Authors: Fröhlich Fabian , Gerosa Luca , Muhlich Jeremy , Sorger Peter K
Published: January 2023

BRAF is prototypical of oncogenes that can be targeted therapeutically and the treatment of BRAFV600E melanomas with RAF and MEK inhibitors results in rapid tumor regression. However, drug‐induced rewiring generates a drug adapted state thought to be involved in acquired resistance and disease recurrence. In this article, we study mechanisms of adaptive rewiring in BRAFV600E melanoma cells using an energy‐based implementation of ordinary differential equation (ODE) modeling in combination with proteomic, transcriptomic and imaging data. We develop a method for causal tracing of ODE models and identify two parallel MAPK reaction channels that are differentially sensitive to RAF and MEK inhibitors due to differences in protein oligomerization and drug binding. We describe how these channels, and timescale separation between immediate‐early signaling and transcriptional feedback, create a state in which the RAS‐regulated MAPK channel can be activated by growth factors under conditions in which the BRAFV600E‐driven channel is fully inhibited. Further development of the approaches in this article is expected to yield a unified model of adaptive drug resistance in melanoma.
Public Financing of Restructuring
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice, Poland, Janik Ewa
Published: January 2023

The Restructuring Law of 15 May 2015 makes provision for enterprises who wish to seek restructuring in a crisis situation. Restructuring, understood as the totality of activities from the time that difficulties arise to the time that financial health is restored, can be carried out successfully when appropriate financial support is secured. An important problem in the context of insolvency law is what instruments are available and where to seek financial assistance. This article focuses on entities that can offer help to a business in crisis, presents the national aid program “New Opportunity Policy”, designed to provide businesses with support from public funds, and discusses public aid instruments (rescue aid, temporary support and restructuring aid). It needs to be kept in mind that the company’s financial situation will determine which public aid instruments can be chosen to provide funding. The paper also highlights signifi cant difficulties in obtaining private (internal, external) financing for restructuring. With the public support offered under Guidelines [EFTA Surveillance Authority Decision No. 321/14/COL of 10 September 2014], the state can support an enterprise that is insolvent or endangered with insolvency in a difficult financial situation.
Financial and Legal Aspects of the Participation of Municipalities of the Russian Federation in the Implementation of National Projects
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russian Federation, Kireeva Elena
Published: January 2023

Using a system analysis and a comparative legal method the author considers participation of municipalities in the implementation of project activities, including their role in the implementation of national projects in the Russian Federation. Th e paper provides examples of strategic investment projects implemented by the municipalities of the Moscow region, identifies current problems.
Legal Nature of Smart Contracts
Authors:   Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Niyazova Anara , Askarbekova Aksana ,   Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: January 2023

Lately, more and more attention has been paid to the phenomenon of smart-contracts (SC) in legal research. The SCs have already found their application in many aspects of society life and are particularly common in the regulation of legal relations in the area of automated financial services, which may include lending, mortgages, insurance, etc., as well as in public services, including various types of voting, elections, document management, supply and storage. The practical dissemination of SCs is carried out without a conceptual approach in the legal regulation of this object, but also without a unified terminology. The science begins developing approaches to study of the legal nature of SCs and offers options for their legal regulation have been proposed, each of those, of course, has its benefits and disadvantages, which is explained by the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon. First of all, it means a qualitatively new level of functioning of a smart-contract where the technical component overlays on traditional types of legal relations. Both authors of the article used scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction. Special attention is paid to different options for understanding the legal nature of smart contracts, proposed by European and domestic scientists.
Government Support For Commune Housing Investments in Poland During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Poland, Ofiarska Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

One of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may be a reduction in investment expenditure of communes, including those allocated for the implementation of tasks in the field of commune housing. Taking this risk into account, the Government Housing Development Fund (Rządowy Fundusz Rozwoju Mieszkalnictwa – RFRM) was established in 2020. It is a temporary, i.e. a 3-year mechanism of financial support for communes with the aim of strengthening their share in the share capitals of social housing initiatives (SIMs), which function in the form of limited liability companies, joint stock companies or cooperatives of legal entities. Support is provided at the request of the interested communes. Once an application is positively verified by the competent minister, the amount of support is transferred to the commune by Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego, which serves the RFRM, supported by contributions from the COVID-19 Counteracting Fund. In this study, an analysis and assessment of the applicable legal provisions was carried out in order to establish the legal status of the RFRM and the essence of the support provided to communes. Th e thesis about the public status of this fund as well as the temporary and purposeful nature of the support provided therefrom has been verifi ed as true. Support provided by the RFRM may not be used for any purposes other than the acquisition of shares or stocks in SIMs by the commune. The study uses the legal-dogmatic method and, additionally, the analytical method, to present specific numerical values reflecting the importance of the RFRM support.
Principles of Taxation of Interest Income or Discount on Covered Bonds Issued in Poland
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Poland, Ofiarski Zbigniew
Published: January 2023

The rules of taxation of revenues or income from covered bonds issued in Poland may become a significant barrier to the demand for this category of debt securities and, as a result, considerably limit the capabilities of mortgage banks to grant long-term loans for investment purposes. The present study has analysed and assessed the legislation in force in Poland regarding the scope and methods of taxation of interest and discount on covered bonds as a form of revenue or income earned by their holders. The aim of the study is to present various methods of taxation of these revenues or income, determined by the legal status of taxpayers. The thesis verified herein assumes the excessive privileging of non-residents with revenues or income from covered bonds, leading to unequal treatment of the taxpayers who are Polish tax residents. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the legislator has led to a situation where corporate income tax payers are treated more favourably than personal income tax payers as regards the taxation of interest and discount on covered bonds. The formulated de lege ferenda postulates are intended to significantly reduce these differences in the taxation of revenues or income obtained from the same source. The study uses the legal-dogmatic method and, additionally, the analytical method.
Taxation of Investment Apartments and Dwelling Houses
Authors:   Masaryk University, Czech Republic, Radvan Michal , Papavasilevská Sandra ,   Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the property taxation of investment apartments and dwelling houses. This paper’s main aim is to verify the hypothesis that to increase tax on investment apartments and investment dwelling houses, it is necessary to amend the Immovable Property Tax Act. To confirm or disprove the hypothesis, the investment property was defined as the second home if used for longterm or short-term rent or not used at all. The article briefly focuses on other taxes connected with the acquisition of immovable property, analyses de lege lata regulation of recurrent property tax on investment apartments and investment dwelling houses in the Czech Republic, and briefly introduces two main systems of property taxation (based on values and area). The hypothesis was disproved. If the property is used as the first home, the taxation is, in line with the policy at the national and local level, lower. These rules apply to the property, both taxpayer-owned and long-term rented, as the criteria are the usage of the property. Concerning the dwelling houses and apartments used for short-term rents (typically Airbnb type of accommodation) or other businesses, they should be taxed at a higher rate. However, the tax administration must strictly follow the legal text as the crucial for taxation is how the property is actually used. It is also necessary to check the periodicity of the contracts and who the tenants are, the service provided for the guests, the purpose of accommodation, who is responsible for routine maintenance and minor repairs, etc.
Role of Leasing in Financing Business Activity of Enterprises in Poland
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Poland, Roszkowska-Mądra Barbara , Łupińska Paulina ,   University of Bialystok, Poland
Published: January 2023

The development of enterprises requires permanent investment and searching for sources of effective support for business activity. Therefore, when entrepreneurs create new development opportunities, they look for appropriate sources of support for the activities of enterprises. In the opinion of entrepreneurs, such an attractive source of financial support is leasing. Due to the benefits of leasing business activities, more and more business entities in Poland have decided to use this form of obtaining capital. The aim of the study is an attempt to define the significance and role of leasing in financing economic activity of enterprises in Poland. Firstly, based on the literature review, the essence, types, advantages and disadvantages of leasing were presented, and an attempt was made to evaluate the current market of leasing services in Poland and the prospects for its development. Secondly, based on the results of a survey of a representative sample of entrepreneurs in Podlasie Province (North-west Poland) their opinion on the importance of leasing as a form of enterprise support was presented. The conducted research has shown that leasing is a willingly chosen source of financing business activity. According to entrepreneurs, favorable financing conditions as well as understandable and easy procedures turned out to be important properties, characteristic of leasing. The results of the conducted research provide knowledge about the advantages, disadvantages, availability and profitability of leasing, noticed by entrepreneurs in the studied region. They are of pure scientific and application significance, making it possible to predict the nature of the leasing market in Poland in the near future.
Subjects of Analysis and Users of Information on the Environmental Sustainability of the Corporation
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Russian Federation, Tkacheva Mariya
Published: January 2023

The issues of developing an organizational mechanism for analyzing the environmental sustainability of a corporation have not been given due attention so far. A logically complete, systematic approach to understanding the essence and content of environmental sustainability analysis as an independent block analysis, based on private and generalizing indicators within the framework of a comprehensive economic analysis, was not formulated. To a greater extent the authors described certain organizational and methodological issues of analyzing the environmental sustainability of a corporation as part of the analysis of the financial state of organizations, technical and economic analysis. We have undertaken an attempt to fill the existing gap in this block of economic analysis, to identify the subjects and users of the results of the analysis of the environmental sustainability of the corporation. Interested users of information on environmental sustainability analysis study environmental strategy and policy in the field of environmental protection, environmental management and ensuring environmental safety, evaluate the eff ectiveness of environmental decisions on the introduction of the best available and environmentally friendly technologies, evaluate investments in environmental protection measures.
Can Democracy Harm Public Finance? Some Evidences from Europe
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Poland, Zawadzka-Pąk Urszula K. , Jamróz Paweł ,   University of Bialystok, Poland
Published: January 2023

James Buchanan and Richard Wagner in their famous book “Democracy in Deficit” note that democracy has not enough fiscal discipline because the citizens’ representatives are chosen in the election and they take the budgetary decisions seeking the re-election. Their theory of public choice may suggest the existence of a positive relationship between the democracy’s quality and the public debt level reflecting the long-lasting consequences of the budgetary decisions of policy-makers. Thus, we formulate the following research question: Is democratic system harmful for public finance? To operationalize the democratic system, we use five democracy indices (i.e., electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian), and the public debt to operationalize the threat for public finance. Conclusions put in a new light the theory, as first the study confirmed that there are statistically significant relationships between democracy’s quality and public debt and, however not in case of every democracy index and every European country.
Cross-species comparison of mouse and human preimplantation development with an emphasis on lineage specification
Authors: Biondic Savana , Canizo Jesica , Vandal Katherine , Zhao Cheng , Petropoulos Sophie
Published: January 2023

In brief

Human embryogenesis still remains largely unexplored. This review helps identify some of our current gaps in knowledge pertaining to preimplantation development, which may have implications for understanding fundamental aspects of human development, assisted reproductive technologies, and stem cell biology.

Preimplantation development is arguably one of the most critical stages of embryogenesis. Beginning with the formation of the totipotent zygote post-fertilization, a series of cell divisions, and a complex coordination of physical cues, molecular signals and changes in gene expression lead to the formation of the blastocyst, a structure capable of implanting into the uterine wall. The blastocyst is composed of more specified cellular lineages, which will give rise to every tissue of the developing organism as well as the extra-embryonic lineages which support fetal growth. While the mouse has been used as a model to understand the events of preimplantation development for decades, in recent years, an expanding body of work has been conducted using the human embryo. These studies have identified some crucial species differences, particularly in the transcriptional and spatio-temporal expression of lineage markers and responses to cell signaling perturbations. This review compares recent findings on preimplantation development in mouse and human, with a focus on the specification of the first cellular lineages. Highlighting differences and noting mechanisms that require further examination in the human embryo is of critical importance for both the accurate translation of results from the mouse model and our overall understanding of mammalian development. We further highlight the latest advancement in reproductive research, the development of the 3D stem cell-based models known as ‘blastoids’. The knowledge discussed in this review has major clinical implications for assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and for applications in stem cell biology.
The Saussurean sign and its Place in Contemporary Linguistic Theory
Authors: Holvoet Axel
Published: January 2023

The article overviews the vicissitudes of the Saussurean notion of the two-sided linguistic sign in 20th-century linguistics. After having held centre stage for several decades in the Praguian and Copenhagian traditions of structuralism, this notion was sidelined if not rejected in the modular architecture of mainstream Generative Grammar, but has since been vindicated in the most influential linguistic schools to emerge in the wake of, and in reaction to, the Chomskyan revolution, viz. Cognitive Grammar and Construction Grammar. While the Saussurean theory of the linguistic sign may be claimed to be of foundational importance for the properly linguistic study of language, it was left for de Saussure’s successors to explore the implications and antinomies of the two-sided sign model. The article discusses a number of problems for the theory of the sign, such as the division between linguistically encoded and contextual meaning, the challenge of polysemy, the fluidity of the conventionalized linguistic sign in the continuous flow of diachronic processes, the Hjelmslevian dichotomy of semantic form and semantic substance, the place of syntax in a theory of the sign, etc.
Chronic kidney disease and physical exercise. a bibliographic review
Authors: Ostaiza Moreira Byron Antony , Franco Parraga Carlos Daniel , Rodriguez Fariño Dietmar Fernando
Published: January 2023

For some years now, physical exercise has been considered one of the main mechanisms to counteract the progression and/or appearance of chronic kidney disease. This is in contrast to the old belief that physical exercise could worsen kidney function due to the already known increase in proteinuria. This research investigates the impact of physical exercise in reducing the risk of chronic kidney disease using a literature review method taking information from indexed document bases. Determined that physical exercise, an average of 150 minutes of aerobic type per week, decreases certain factors such as proteinuria and microalbuminuria, but does not in itself decrease the risk of chronic kidney disease, since the literature remains firm on the premise that the main Risk Factors for chronic kidney disease are arterial hypertension and type I and II diabetes mellitus. Concluding that it is essential to pay special attention to the pathologies added to the patient's medical history and to counteract their progress to more severe stages.
Nutritional, Sensory and Microbial analysis of organically fortified zobo tea (hibiscus sabdariffa) powder
Authors: l Alabi Opeyemi , O Alabi Akintoyese , O Oriabure Magdalene
Published: January 2023

Contributing to the health benefits associated with the consumption of organically fortified Zobo Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) powder as beverage, this research have sought to contribute to knowledge via the production process of spiced Zobo Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) powder and its proximate content. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Comparison of means was carried out by Duncan’s multiple range test Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 17.0) and the means ± SD were calculated from triplicate determinations. The result of the sensory revealed that the entire three sample have no significant differences (p<0.05) that is, they are similar in their characteristics in mean score and standard deviation in terms of all the sensory characteristics (taste, appearance, aroma, texture, overall acceptability). Meanwhile, the proximate content (ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, protein, and moisture) of sample ZT3 (80g ZT+ 20g SP) was significantly different from ZT1 (100g ZT). Also The Microbial count (Bacillus spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp and Ecoli) were conducted and the result obtained indicated that these samples may be good for beverage production. We thus recommend the consumption of organically fortified zobo tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) powder which is an indigenous beverage product for a wide range of consumer owing to the numerous health benefits as reviewed.
Removal of sunset YellowAzo dye using activated carbon entrapped in alginate from aqueous solutions
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Hossam M , Abdel- Gawad Soha A
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research is for decreasing contaminants using alginate beads with activated carbon entrapped (AG-AC) by adsorption. Different sunset yellow FCF concentrations were prepared in the laboratory. The effect of the different parameters was studied (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, stirring rate, and concentrations) on the removal processes. The results were analyzed according to the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms. The removal efficiency is more appropriate by the Langmuir isotherm. Sunset yellow FCF (10 ppm) percent removal efficiency is (86%) at pH 3 and 10 g\L of the adsorbent dose for 30 min with a fixed stirring rate (100 rpm). The effect of different operating parameters was investigated using Linear regression analysis which occupies more than 97 % of the total of the variables affecting the removal process. Finally, I recommend using this technology for Removal of Sunset Yellow FCF.
Prevalence and Disparities in the Detection of Autism Without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shenouda Josephine , Barrett Emily , Davidow Amy L. , Sidwell Kate , Lescott Cara , Halperin William , Silenzio Vincent M. B. , Zahorodny Walter
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Intellectual ability predicts functional outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is essential to classify ASD children with and without intellectual disability (ID) to aid etiological research, provide services, and inform evidence-based educational and health planning.

METHODS

Using a cross-sectional study design, data from 2000 to 2016 active ASD surveillance among 8-year-olds residing in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area were analyzed to determine ASD prevalence with and without ID. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to identify trends for ASD with ID (ASD-I) and without ID (ASD-N).

RESULTS

Overall, 4661 8-year-olds were identified with ASD. Those that were ASI-I were 1505 (32.3%) and 2764 (59.3%) were ASD-N. Males were 3794 (81.4%), 946 (20.3%) were non-Hispanic Black (Black), 1230 (26.4%) were Hispanic, and 2114 (45.4%) were non-Hispanic white (white). We observed 2-fold and 5-fold increases in the prevalence of ASD-I and ASD-N, respectively, from 2000-2016. Black children were 30% less likely to be identified with ASD-N compared with white children. Children residing in affluent areas were 80% more likely to be identified with ASD-N compared with children in underserved areas. A greater proportion of children with ASD-I resided in vulnerable areas compared with children with ASD-N. Males had higher prevalence compared with females regardless of ID status; however, male-to-female ratios were slightly lower among ASD-I compared with ASD-N cases.

CONCLUSIONS

One-in-3 children with ASD had ID. Disparities in the identification of ASD without ID were observed among Black and Hispanic children as well as among children residing in underserved areas.
The beta Liu-type estimator: simulation and application
Authors: ERKOÇ Ali , ERTAN Esra , ALGAMAL Zakariya Yahya , AKAY Kadri Ulaş
Published: January 2023

The Beta Regression Model (BRM) is commonly used while analyzing data where the dependent variable is restricted to the interval $[0,1]$ for example proportion or probability. The Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) is used to estimate the regression coefficients of BRMs. But in the presence of multicollinearity, MLE is very sensitive to high correlation among the explanatory variables. For this reason, we introduce a new biased estimator called the Beta Liu-Type Estimator (BLTE) to overcome the multicollinearity problem in the case that dependent variable follows a Beta distribution. The proposed estimator is a general estimator which includes other biased estimators, such as the Ridge Estimator, Liu Estimator, and the estimators with two biasing parameters as special cases in BRM. The performance of the proposed new estimator is compared to the MLE and other biased estimators in terms of the Estimated Mean Squared Error (EMSE) criterion by conducting a simulation study. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the benefit of the proposed estimator over existing estimators.
Wyrażenie „godność” – pojęcie godności – godność. O niektórych teoretycznych aspektach ujęcia godności w Konstytucji RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet SWPS w Warszawie, Piechowiak Marek
Published: January 2023

The study aims at making explicit the three spheres or planes, essential from the point of view of semiotics, on which the discourse regarding dignity takes place, and at clarifying the relations between these planes. The analysis uses the conception of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz. There are three principal areas in which the discourse on dignity is conducted – the plane of linguistic expressions on which the name “dignity” is used; the plane of meanings on which the notion of dignity is placed; and the plane of objects on which there is dignity itself. There is a relationship of meaning between the different concepts of dignity and the expression “dignity”, a relationship of signification between expression “dignity” and dignity as its referent, and a relationship of apprehension between the concepts of dignity and their referents.
Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich i jego aktywność podczas pandemii COVID-19 (wybrane problemy)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Radek Robert
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The experience to date allows us to conclude the activities of the ombudsman institution and the problems of a social, political and legal nature generated in the state by various regulations aimed at eliminating the virus itself and the consequences of its occurrence. The aim of this article is to draw attention to selected problems related to the specificity of the activities of state institutions in the event of a threat to the health safety of Poles, as well as activities undertaken in the area of administration, health protection and economic activity. The author tries to show that the Ombudsman intensified efforts to protect civil rights during the pandemic and pointed to its critical problems.
Zmiany w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości a wykonalność orzeczeń sądów dyscyplinarnych samorządu radców prawnych – uwagi na tle art. 17 ust. 1 Konstytucji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Koksanowicz Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the legal problem related to the activity of the disciplinary courts of the National Bar of Attorneys at Law in connection with the amendments enacted in 2017 in the area of the justice system. This issue is immanently connected with the questioning, both by Polish and international jurisprudence, of the status of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court that existed until 14 July 2022 as a court with constitutional features. Therefore, it is significant to answer the question whether the rulings of the disciplinary courts of the National Bar of Attorneys at Law, which have undergone cassation review in the Supreme Court, produce legal effects in the current legal state and should be enforced by the organs of the National Bar of Attorneys at Law. This issue is of fundamental importance for the activity of the National Bar of Attorneys at Law since the Bar’s ability to fulfil the constitutional function of concerning itself with the proper practice of the profession of an attorney at law largely depends on the answer to this question.
W sprawie zgodności z Konstytucją RP powoływania sędziów – członków Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa przez Sejm
Authors:   Uniwersytet Opolski, Frankiewicz-Bodynek Anna
Published: January 2023

The subject of this text is to determine whether Article 9a of the Law on the National Council of the Judiciary is compatible with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In order to answer this question, the relationship that should prevail between the various authorities in a system based on the principle of separation of powers was analyzed. Then, doubts were resolved as to whether the NCJ is a body appearing in the division of powers of the judiciary. In the end, it was concluded that in the RP, the Sejm should have no other creative powers over the judiciary than those expressly provided for in the Constitution of the RP. Otherwise, the chamber is placed in a position of unjustified supremacy vis-àvis the judiciary, and the judicial power provides no guarantee that human freedoms and rights will be decided by independent and impartial courts staffed by independent judges.