bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptação cultural do Test of Narrative Language (TNL) para o Português Brasileiro
Authors: Rossi Natalia Freitas , Lindau Tâmara de Andrade , Gillam Ronald Bradley , Giacheti Célia Maria
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural do Test of Narrative Language (TNL) para o Português Brasileiro. Métodos O TNL é um instrumento formal que avalia a compreensão e a narração oral de crianças entre cinco e 11 anos e 11 meses. O processo de tradução e adaptação do TNL teve as seguintes etapas: (1) tradução para a língua-alvo; (2) síntese das versões traduzidas; (3) retrotradução; (4) verificação do processo de equivalência conceitual, semântica e cultural; e (5) estudo-piloto (56 crianças, mesma faixa etária do teste e de ambos os gêneros). Resultados A versão adaptada manteve a mesma estrutura da versão original: número de tarefas (três de compreensão narrativa e três de narração oral), formatos de narrativa (sem apoio de figura, figuras em sequência e figura única) e sistema de pontuação. Não foram realizadas adaptações nas figuras do teste. A história “McDonald’s Story” foi substituída pela história “História da Lanchonete”, para atender à equivalência semântica e experiencial da população-alvo. Nas demais histórias, foram realizadas adaptações semânticas e gramaticais. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas nas comparações entre os escores brutos (compreensão, narração e total) dos grupos etários, a partir da versão adaptada. Conclusão Adaptações foram necessárias para atender à equivalência semântica e experiencial da população-alvo, considerando o contexto sociolinguístico-cultural do Brasil. A versão adaptada apresentou equivalência conceitual de itens, semântica e operacional em relação à versão original. A equivalência de mensuração para fins de validação e normatização do TNL está em andamento e poderá complementar os resultados deste estudo.
Biological nitrogen fixation in soybean under water restriction and exposed to 1-methylcyclopropene
Authors: Nascimento Junior Vitor Camargo do , Prete Cássio Egidio Cavenaghi , Nogueira Marco Antonio
Published: September 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on traits related with biological nitrogen fixation on 'BRS 268' soybean (Glycine max) subjected to water restriction. Plants were either exposed to drought between 32 (R2) and 47 (R3) days after sowing (DAS) or kept well-watered, in combination with exposure or not to 1-MCP. On the second day under drought (34 DAS), plants from both water conditions were exposed to 1-MCP in a hermetically sealed chamber for 15 hours. Control plants, dry or well-watered, that were not exposed to 1-MCP were kept in a separate chamber. At 36 (R2) and 47 (R3) DAS, shoot and root dry weights, leaf area index, number and dry weight of nodules, total ureides in sap, and N concentration in leaves were assessed. From 47 DAS on, extra plants were well watered until physiological maturity (R8) and assessed for yield components. Water restriction increased ureides in sap and reduced N in leaves in R2; reduced the number and mass of nodules, shoot dry weight, and leaf area index in R3; and reduced the number of pods and seed mass of plants not exposed to 1-MCP. However, when plants are exposed to 1-MCP, there is an attenuation of water restriction effects.
Adubação potássica e seu efeito residual sobre a produtividade e a qualidade de tubérculos de batata
Authors: Silva Heider Rodrigo Ferreira , Fontes Paulo Cezar Rezende
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose ótima de K e seu efeito residual sobre a produtividade máxima e a qualidade de tubérculos de batata (Solanum tuberosum). O experimento 1 foi realizado em solo com baixo teor de K (38 mg dm-3), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco doses de K - 0, 110, 220, 440 e 880 kg ha-1 de K2O -, na forma de KCl, aplicados em pré-plantio ao sulco. O experimento 2 foi realizado no mesmo local, com o teor residual do fertilizante aplicado no experimento 1. A fertilização potássica e seu efeito residual influenciaram significativamente o número, a produtividade e a matéria seca dos tubérculos. No entanto, altas doses de K reduziram o teor de matéria seca e a gravidade específica dos tubérculos. O teor residual de K não influenciou todos os componentes de produtividade. A dose de máxima eficiência econômica foi 393,5 kg ha-1 de K2O, que propiciou a máxima produtividade de tubérculos comerciais de 36,2 Mg ha-1, no experimento 1, e de 19,6 Mg ha-1, no experimento 2.
Análise da resistência mecânica de vigas de mármore sintético através da teoria estatística de Weibull
Authors: Rabahi Ricardo Fouad , Levy Neto Flaminio
Published: September 2016

RESUMO No presente trabalho, adotou-se a análise estatística de Weibull para avaliação da resistência mecânica à flexão, e sua repetibilidade, de mármores sintéticos, tanto puros quanto reforçados com fibra vidro-E. O objetivo foi observar o comportamento do módulo de Weibull e da resistência mecânica, à medida que se introduz fibra de vidro picotada na composição do mármore sintético. Para isso foram avaliados quatro diferentes teores, em massa, de fibra de vidro, para estabelecer uma curva padrão do comportamento mecânico, à medida em que se alterou a fração de fibra do compósito. A metodologia de Weibull viabiliza esta análise, uma vez que, além dos corpos de prova possuírem grande semelhança dimensional de espessura com os produtos fabricados em mármore sintético, ela quantifica a ocorrência de imperfeições devido ao processo de fabricação. Os resultados demonstraram que a inserção de fibra de vidro, em uma massa de 3 Kg de mármore sintético, em proporções de 12,5 a 100 gramas provocou, dependendo da quantidade de fibra inserida, uma variação na resistência intrínseca, que inicialmente diminuiu (0 a 25 g) e depois aumentou até o valor máximo com 100 gramas. Outro resultado importante foi o tempo de desmoldagem, que influenciou fortemente a dispersão dos resultados, que quando diminuído de 24h para 2h, provocou uma diminuição do módulo de Weibull (i.e. aumento na variação da tensão de ruptura), de até 60%.
Macrobenthos of the coastal Budi Lagoon, southern Chile: Changes associated with seasonal environmental variation
Authors: Bertrán Carlos , Fierro Pablo , Encalada Elizabeth , Peña-Cortés Fernando , Tapia Jaime , Hauenstein Enrique , Vargas-Chacoff Luis
Published: September 2016

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the seasonal relationship of macrobenthos richness and abundance with sediment characteristics (i.e. texture and organic material) for the coastal Budi Lagoon in southern Chile. Physicochemical measurements and macrobenthos samples were taken over the course of a year at nine sampling stations. Sandy-muddy sediment was the most common, and high percentages of organic material were registered, varying significantly between seasons and stations. The recorded organic material was related to natural (resident wild birds) and anthropogenic (agriculture) sources. Regarding fauna, 28 benthonic taxa and 7092 individuals were identified, with temporal and spatial variations. The most abundant taxa year-round were the molluscs Littoridina cumingii and Kingiella chilenica and the bristle worm Prionospio patagonica. Together, the obtained results evidence the important impact of organic material on the macrobenthos, with macrobenthic richness and abundance decreasing in conditions of high organic material content. The recorded variations for different taxa may indicate a response to the land use around the Budi Lagoon, which is intensely subjected to agricultural and tourist activities.
Fish assemblages in a coastal bay adjacent to a network of marine protected areas in southern Brazil
Authors: Cattani André Pereira , Jorge Fábio Gonçalves Daura , Ribeiro Gisela Costa , Wedekin Leonardo Liberali , Lopes Paulo César de Azevedo Simões , Rupil Gabriel Martín , Spach Henry Louis
Published: September 2016

Abstract Baía Norte (North Bay) in Santa Catarina State is considered a typical coastal bay and is surrounded by a network of Marine Protected Areas. The objectives of this study were to describe the composition of the demersal fish assemblage, identify seasonal and spatial structures on a fine scale and evaluate the role of habitat descriptors and abiotic variables affecting the fish assemblage structure. Seasonal samplings were conducted in 2005, using bottom trawls in six pre-established areas in Baía Norte in summer, fall, winter and spring. Simultaneously with each trawl, environmental data were collected with a multiparameter probe. Temporal and spatial differences in fish abundance were tested by a PERMANOVA. To illustratethe differences detected graphically we ran a canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP). The influence of environmental variables on the fish fauna was evaluated using a Distant Based Linear Model (DistLM) with Akaike's information criterion (AIC). A total of 9,888 specimens, distributed in 27 families and 62 species, were collected. Citharichthys spilopterus was the most abundant species. PERMANOVA detected differences for abundance between seasons, areas and interaction among all the factors. The DISTLM selected temperature and pH. The results highlight seasonality as an important factor in the structuring of fish fauna of the study place.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION WITH TRANSFORAMINAL NERVE ROOT BLOCK
Authors: VIALLE EMILIANO NEVES , UEDA WELLINGTON KEITY , VIALLE LUIZ ROBERTO GOMES
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the efficacy of anesthetic transforaminal nerve root block in patients with sciatica secondary to lumbar disc herniation through a prospective observational study. Methods: The study included 176 patients from a private clinic undergoing transforaminal injection performed by a single spinal surgeon. The patients were assessed after two weeks, three months and six months regarding to the improvement of the pain radiating to the lower limbs. In case of persistent symptoms, patients could choose to perform a new nerve root block and maintenance of physical therapy or be submitted to conventional microdiscectomy. Results: By the end of six-month follow-up of the 176 patients, 116 had a favorable outcome (95 after one block and 21 after two blocks), and only 43 required surgery. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest a positive effect of transforaminal block for the treatment of sciatica in patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Influence of topping and nutrient management practices on growthand seed yield of dhaincha Sesbania aculeata
Authors: Gopal M. . , Durairaj S. Nalliah , Kumar R. Suresh , Marimuthu S.
Published: September 2016

A field study was conducted to evaluate the topping and nutrient management techniques on dhaincha during rabi 2011-12. Experiment was laid out in split-plot design by assigning topping practices (45, 60, 75 DAS and without topping) in main plots and nutrient sources (NPK, NPS, NKS, NPKS and without nutrients) in sub plots. The treatments were replicated thrice. The results revealed that topping on 45 DAS has registered more number of branches (10.2), dry matter production (6934 kg ha-1) at harvest stage. With fertilizer application of NPK and Sulphur significantly recorded the higher number of pods plant-1 (51.30), number of seeds plant-1 (28.90), test grain weight (19.90 g) and seed yield (599 kg ha-1) which was comparable with application of NPK alone. On the basis of economics, application of NPK recorded higher net return and B: C ratio followed by application of NPKS which was comparable with each other when topping was done on 45 DAS.
Effect of foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield and yield component of canola (Brassica napus L.) under waterdeficit stress at different plant growth stages
Authors: Zahedi Hossein , Pourjafar Leila , Sharghi Younes
Published: September 2016

In order to study the effect of nano- iron and manganese fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted at 2013-2014 growing season at the Research Farm in Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. Experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design arrangement in split plot with three replications. Three irrigation regimes (without water deficit stress, water deficit stress at vegetative stage and water deficit stress at reproductive stage) were randomized to the main plots and combinations of foliar nano-iron and nano-manganese application as were randomized to the sub plots. Statistical analysis showed that irrigation and spraying regimes and their interactions had significant effect on most of the measured traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced yield and yield components of RGS canola variety. The most reduction was observed in plants under water deficit condition at reproductive stage. Use of micronutrients increased canola grain yield. The maximum grain yield was observed in plants that treated with iron sulfate 1 per thousand + manganese sulfate 1.5 per thousand. In general, low concentration levels of iron and manganese foliar application was more effective on plants for reduction harmful effect of water deficit levels than high micronutrient concentrations.
Ergonomic evaluation of conventional agricultural sprayerswith respect to human performance
Authors: Tamilselvi P. , Krishnan Anantha
Published: September 2016

Ergonomic intervention in spraying operation can provide a reasonable basis for recommendation on operating methods and improvement in operation for more output and safety. Two commercially available sprayers namely knapsack sprayer and rocker sprayer were evaluated with nine male subjects for the study. Age, weight and height of the selected subjects are 30.33±1.93 years, 68.33±9.51 kg and 168.51±5.55 cm respectively. The major operational parameters including pressure and lever arm distance of the sprayers were selected and optimized based on human performance. Heart beat rate and operating energy requirement for ergo refined knapsack and rocker arm sprayers were observed as 93-120 beats per minute, 97-120 beats per minute, and 18.86- 24.31 KJ min-1, 19.27-25.54 KJ min-1 respectively. The field evaluation results showed that ergo refined knapsack sprayer and ergo refined rocker sprayer reduced the energy expenditure by 7% and 8%, oxygen consumption as percentage of VO2 max by 19% and 23%, “HR results gave a reduction of 22% and 23%, ODR results gave a reduction by 4% and 5% and BPDS score indicated a reduction of 13% to 12% respectively from the conventional sprayers. The above results confirmed that the ergo refined sprayers provided better comfort and efficiency to the operator.
GxE evaluation of salinity tolerant barley genotypes by AMMI model
Authors: Verma Ajay , S.Verma R. P. , Kharab A. S. , Kumar Vishnu
Published: September 2016

The highly significant variances due to interaction, environments and genotypes were observed by AMMI analysis of salinity tolerant barley genotypes under multi location trials. The genotypes G6 and G13 with negative IPCA1 values showed positive IPCA2, IPCA3, IPCA4 values. Genotype G1 showed lowest value of D with smallest negative IPCA1 score (-0.013). Genotype G18 followed by G8, G1 and G5 were the stable performer based on ASV. Yield stability index advocated G8 followed by G5, G10, G4 and G12. The results of MASV indicated that genotypes G5, G1, G15, G17, G9 and G19 were stable, whereas genotypes G5, G9, G8 and G11 were the stable genotypes with relatively more average yield. Overall mean ranks of all of the AMMI estimates, genotypes G5, G1 and G8 were the most stable genotypes followed by genotypes G17 and G18.
Effect of various treatments on seeds germination inIndian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk
Authors: Boora Rajbir Singh
Published: September 2016

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of various treatments on seed germination in ber. The treatments consisted of T1 (control seed sown fresh, T2 (H2SO4 for 8 minutes),), T3 (Seed kernel sown), T4 (18% salt solution dip for 24 hrs), T5 (18% salt solution dip treatment for 48 hours), T6 (cracking of seed coat with hammer), T7 (18% salt solution dip treatment+36hrs water dip treatment), T8 (One year old seed sown). The results of this experiment show that among various treatments days taken for seeds germination ranged from 9.60-18.40 and 9.2-19.6 days during 2005 and 2006 respectively. There was early seed germination in T3 treatment followed by the T8. In T3 treatment germination were started 9.6 and 9.2 days after sowing seeds during 2005 and 2006 respectively. The duration of seed germination among various treatments ranged between 10 to 32.3 days. Minimum numbers of the days taken for completion of germination of seeds were recorded in T3 treatment followed by T8. In this treatment seed germination was completed with in 10 days after seed germination was started. The seed germination ranged between 18.6-68.6 and 17.0 -71.6 percent during 2005 and 2006 among various treatments respectively and maximum percent seed germination was recorded in T8, in which germination was 68.6 and 71.6 per cent during 2005 -06 respectively. The mean maximum seedling height was recorded in T8 treatment and this was followed by the T3 treatment. The results are very encouraging that within same season there was 70.52 per cent seedling become bud able in T8 treatment. Maximum height of budded plant was recorded in T8 when seeds were sown after one-year storage this was followed by T4 and minimum (61.30cm) was recorded in T2.
Effect of exposure of sound signals in semen collection areaon quantity and quality of semen in Hariana bulls
Authors: Yadav Archana , Singh Yajuvendra , Shukla Garima , Shukla P. K. , Kumar Muneendra , Singh D. N. , Kumar Ajay
Published: September 2016

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different beats {100 and 150 BPM (Beat Per Minute)} of musical sound signals {intensity below 85 dB(decibel)} on reproductive performance of Hariana bulls maintained at semen biology lab of DDD (District Dairy Demonstration) Farm within the premises of Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC). The present experiment was carried out for an aggregate time period of three and half months (within autumn season) and was accomplished in three phases. Same four Hariana bulls were used as experimental animals in three different phases of experiments to avoid individual effect of bulls as well as to overcome the limitations of limited numbers of bulls. During the first (control) phase of experiment the bulls were not exposed to any additional source of sound (T1) except the normal environmental sound in the semen collection area. In second and third phase, bulls were exposed to a musical instrumental sound signal of 100 (T2) and 150 (T3) BPM with intensity below 85 dB. Each phase of the experiment was done for a period of one month (four weeks) one after another in continuation but the third phase was started after a gap of three weeks from the second in order to cancel out the persistent effect of sound exposure to bulls during second phase of investigation. The effect of exposure of sound signals on volume (6.58±0.29) ml, concentration (1018.72±49.92) millions/ml, mass (3.98±0.07) and progressive motility (72.97±0.80%), head (1.93±0.21%), middle piece (0.63±0.15%), and tail (2.56±0.28%) of sperm and HOST (79.22±0.69) was highly significantly better (P is less than 0.01), with an exposure of a sound signal of 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB.
Optimizing age at first use of semen for higher fertilityin Sahiwal breeding bulls
Authors: Naha B. C. , Chakravarty A. K. , Mir M. A. , Bhakat M.
Published: September 2016

The objective of the study was to optimise the age at first use (AAFU) of semen in Sahiwal breeding bulls which will help in early selection of bulls under progeny testing programme. The data on AAFU, conception rate based on first A.I. (CRFAI), overall conception rate (OCR) and birth weight (B.WT) of 43 Sahiwal bulls during 1987 to 2013 at NDRI centre pertaining to 8 sets of Sahiwal improvement programme at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India were adjusted for significant environmental influences and subsequently analyzed. Simple and multiple regression models were used for prediction of CRFAI and OCR of Sahiwal bulls. Comparative evaluation of three developed models (I to III) have showed that Model III, having AAFU and B.WT which fulfill the accuracy of model as revealed by high coefficient of determination, low mean sum of square to due error, low conceptual predictive value and low Bayesian information criterion . The results showed that average predicted CRFAI was highest (49.34%) at less than 5 years and lowest (44.79%) at > 6 years of age at first A.I. /use. Similarly average predicted OCR was highest (48.50%) at less than 5 years and lowest (44.56%) at >6 years of age at first A.I. / use of Sahiwal bulls. In organized herd under progeny testing programme, Sahiwal bulls should be used prior to 5 years which is expected to result in 4.45% better CRFAI and 3.94% better OCR in comparison to Sahiwal bulls used after 6 years of age.
Identification of peptides from sinus gland extracts in the red swampcrayfish Procambarus clarkii by mass spectrometry
Authors: ZHOU XIN , SHUI YAN , XU Zeng-Hong
Published: September 2016

Crustacean sinus gland (SG) is a well-defined neuroendocrine organ that controls the secretion of various neuropeptides which regulate many physiological activities. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a decapod crustacean with both high economic and scientific importance in China. To facilitate physiological investigations of SG peptide/hormone function in this species, we have been employed tissue extract fractionation by HPLC to obtain a complete description of neuropeptidome and used Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS) to detect the peptidome present in its organ. In total, 48 peptide sequences belonging to several known neuropeptide families including crustacean cardioactive peptide, CHH precursor-related peptides (CPRPs), orcokinins and pigment dispersing hormones were identified. Among these 48 sequences, 26 are novel peptides and 22 are previously identified. Overall, the results give a stimulus for future physiological studies of SG neuropeptides in P. clarkii and other crustaceans.
The effects of stage of lactation, parity and calving season on somaticcell counts in Anatolian Water Buffaloes
Authors: Sachin Aziz K. , Yildirim Arda , Ulutas Zafer , Ugurlutepe Emre
Published: September 2016

The present research was conducted to determine the effects of parity, calving season and stage of lactation on the somatic cell count (SCC) in Anatolian water buffaloes reared different herd conditions. In total, 2,736 SCC readings from 456 Anatolian water buffaloes were analyzed. Data were evaluated by the stage of lactation (early, mid, and late), calving season, and parity with the SPSS package program. Significant effects of calving season, parity, and stage of lactation on SCC were observed (Pis less than 0.05). The average SCC was 90,701±6,372 cells/ml. The results indicated that the SCC of buffaloes were in accordance with, even considerably lower than, the limits indicated in the related regulations of the Turkish Food Codex and those of the European Union Commission. Further studies are necessary to investigate the development of the appropriate threshold values under the conditions of Turkey.
Effect of selection for body weight in Japanese quails(Coturnix coturnix Japonica) on some production traits
Authors: Taskin Atilla , Karadavut Ufuk , Tunca Rahsan Ivgin , Genc Serdar , Cayan Huseyin
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to identify quails which have different body weight for some production traits such as egg production, egg characteristics, daily feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The selection was based on body weight in Japanese quail over two generations using 150 quails (120 female and 30 male). These groups consisted of Low Body Weight (LBW), High Body Weight (HBW) and control. Average body weights for females at the end of five weeks were 182.3±0.5, 159.5±0.34, and 141.7±0.55 for LBW, HBW and control groups respectively. There were significant differences between females and males in body weight across the generations. Significant differences were observed for total egg production and egg width for Group X Generation’s interactions. Also, statistically significant differences were found for egg quality parameters such as yolk index, yolk height, yolk diameter, albumin length, and albumin width among generations. As a result, body weight is a very important factor in selection studies and it also increases the efficiency of the selection program with other selection features.
Evaluation of yeast sludge cell wall and commercial clay based toxin binders against aflatoxin B1 on growth and serum parameters of broilers
Authors: Ditta Yasir Allah , Naveed Saima , Pasha Talat Naseer , Akram Muhammad , Zhang Yingyang
Published: September 2016

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate yeast sludge cell wall (YSCW) and commercial toxin binders against different levels of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) in broilers. A total of 390 one day old (1-d-o) chicks were divided into 13 groups with treatments (three replicates / treatment ten birds in each). Negative control (NC) contained no AFB1 and toxin binder in feed. Positive control (PC) was offered with different AFB1 levels (100, 200 and 300 µg/kg) in feed which were being produced in the laboratory earlier. The remaining treatments included YSCW, bentonites, combination of bentonites and glucomannan (Bent + Gluc) at different AFB1 levels in factorial arrangement from 8th to 28th days of age. Among positive control, 200 and 300 µg/kg AFB1 levels showed 37.42% and 36.38% decrease in weight gain causing 1.41 and 1.35 times increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to NC. YSCW and Bent + Gluc showed better weight gain (87.9, 83.45 and 75.48% for YSCW and 83.37, 82.83 and 78.35 for Bent + Gluc vs 66.26, 62.6 and 63.6% for PC as compared to NC) at 100, 200 and 300 µg AFB1/kg, respectively. The dietary treatments, aflatoxin levels and toxin binders showed non-significant effect for feed intake, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and significant on albumin and uric acid. It was concluded that AFB1 affect the growth at different levels significantly. Like other toxin binders, YSCW was found to nullify the deleterious effects of AFB1 and showed non-significant effect among themselves at different AFB1 levels.
Comparison of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) concentrations in calvesraised under organic and conventional conditions
Authors: Bayram Bahri , Aksakal Vecihi , Turan Ibrahim , Demir Selim , Mazlum Halit , Çosar Ikram
Published: September 2016

The objective of study was conducted on to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. 30 newborn Holstein Friesian calves (15 rose under organic and 15 under conventional conditions) in two dairy cattle farms. Blood samples were taken from 30 newborn calves at birth (before taking colostrum) and on 14th day to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. Furthermore, blood and colostrum samples were also taken from the mothers included into the study. IgG and IgM concentrations in colostrum and blood serums were determined using commercial ELISA kits. IgG concentrations at birth (0.79±0.34, 1.64±0.95 mg/mL) and on the 14th day (46.5±21.5, 70.5±27.8 mg/mL) in calves raised under organic conditions were lower than those raised under conventional conditions (p is less than 0.01). Calves raised under organic conditions also had lower IgM concentrations than calves raised under conventional conditions at birth (0.23±0.03 and 0.28±0.11 mg/mL, respectively) and on the 14th day (2.76±0.56 and 4,30±1.03 mg/mL, respectively) (p is less than 0.05, p is less than 0.01). IgG concentrations in the blood serum of cows raised under conventional conditions were higher than those raised under organic conditions (p is less than0.01), while no difference was found with respect to IgM concentrations (p>0.05). No difference was found in the IgG and IgM concentrations of colostrum obtained from cows raised under organic and conventional conditions. In both the husbandry systems, positive and significant (p is less than0.01) correlations were found between the Ig concentrations of the mothers and offsprings. Consequently, it can be suggested that higher Ig concentrations in cattle raised under conventional conditions might be due to poorer environmental conditions.
A research on milk yield, milk composition and bodyweights of Anatolian buffaloes
Authors: Yilmaz Ayhan , Ocak Elvan , Kose Senol
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to define the lactation milk yield and milk composition, and the weights at birth, at 180 and 365 days of age in Anatolian buffaloes reared in Bitlis province of Turkey. The animal material of the study consisted of 1448 Anatolian buffaloes having different ages. The lactation milk yield and lactation length were calculated from monthly milking records during the lactation period. The least squares means for lactation milk yield and lactation length in Anatolian buffaloes were 763.99±18.66 kg and 262.63±8.37 days, respectively. Dry matter, protein, fat, lactose, ash contents and pH value of the milk of Anatolian buffaloes were 16.08 ±1.54%, 3.40 ±0.67%, 7.09±1.38%, 4.57%±0.81, 0.67±0.30%, and 6.68±0.40, respectively. The weights at birth, at 180 and 365 days of age were 29.28±0.56, 97.51±1.56 and 142.16±1.50 kg, respectively. As a result, the values found for the lactation characteristics and the body weights of Anatolian buffaloes were low compared to genotypes raised in intensive production systems, but the potential of genetics of buffaloes reared in traditional production systems can be understood providing of adequate environmental conditions and planning of effective selection programs.
Virtual water embodied in the export from various provinces of China using multi-regional input–output analysis
Authors: Huang Yue , Lei Yalin , Wu Sanmang
Published: September 2016

China is a large exporter and consumer of water embodied in export products. In addition, there is much trade among regions within China, and exports from various provinces consume not only local water but national non-local water. However, former calculations of the water consumption embodied in the exports of various provinces do not reflect the sources of the water consumption. Previous studies on virtual water in China's exports have focused on national aggregate analyses and have paid little attention to the inter-regional water consumption transfer driven by exports. We used a multi-regional input–output model of thirty provinces to examine the virtual water export. The results show that the total virtual water in China's exports was 106.3 billion m3, and 77.0% of the embodiment was from exports from the eastern provinces, where over 90% of China's exports occur. However, the virtual water driven by per unit of export in the eastern regions is far less than that in the central and western regions. Moreover, the central and western provinces, whose exports are small, indirectly export much virtual water by supporting eastern China's exports via inter-regional economic linkages. The results yield important implications for China's export and virtual water export control policy.
Groundwater discharge downstream of an arid inland river in Northwestern China
Authors: Kang Bo , Dong Weihong , Xu Wei , Yang Fengtian
Published: September 2016

Nalenggele River is an inland river located in the arid, fragile ecological environment area in Northwestern China. Groundwater discharge to the river can significantly impact the ecologic environment in the Nalenggele River basin, but few hydrogeological studies have been conducted in the inland arid basin. In this paper, two sections were chosen to analyze the groundwater discharge in the downstream of Nalenggele River. Section I–I′ is located in the west of the downstream of this river, while section II–II′ is in the east. Two methods were used to calculate the discharge in section I–I′: Darcy's law and Modflow simulation. In these two methods, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the stream sediment is a key parameter, which was determined by a falling-head permeameter test in the river. The results show that the groundwater discharges by the above two methods are very close to the results of a previous study by the 222Rn mass balance method. This is the first attempt to use a field test method to obtain the vertical hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient, and to illustrate the groundwater discharge in the downstream of Nalenggele River in Northwestern China by classic methods.
Políticas de comunicação, nova prioridade da Fundação Ford no Brasil [Entrevista com Mauro Porto]
Authors: Aldé Alessandra
Published: September 2016

Entrevista com Mauro Porto.
A técnica de grupo de discussão em pesquisa eleitoral: um projeto experimental
Authors: Santos Neves Manuela Lopes
Published: September 2016

o artigo discorre sobre a aplicação do método de grupo de discussão na pesquisa eleitoral, tendo em vista a compreensão de como se forma na mente do eleitor a decisão de voto. Para tanto, partimos de uma pesquisa realizada para atender a campanha eleitoral da deputada federal Iriny Lopes, candidata à reeleição à Câmara dos Deputados pelo estado do Espírito Santo
Efeitos da campanha virtual no universo das mídias sociais: o comportamento do eleitor no Twitter nas Eleições 2010
Authors: Rossini Patricia Gonçalves da Conceição , Leal Paulo Roberto Figueira
Published: September 2016

A proposta deste trabalho exploratório é discutir a relação entre o uso de mídias sociais e a tomada de decisão eleitoral, com base nos aportes de teorias do comportamento eleitoral e de autores que discutem acesso à informação política online, sobretudo a partir da tese da exposição inadvertida (BRUNDIDGE, 2010). Este artigo concentra-se no uso do Twitter nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2010 e desloca o tradicional foco das campanhas para compreender a perspectiva dos usuários. Por meio de análise de dados obtidos por um questionário aplicado online, busca-se verificar como os eleitores brasileiros acessaram informação, interagiram com os candidatos e avaliaram o uso do Twitter nas eleições 2010.
Mídia e neopopulismo: uma relação de uma mútua dependência
Authors: Vasconcellos Fábio
Published: September 2016

A interação entre mídia, especialmente aquela voltada para a produção noticiosa, e o fenômeno do neopopulismo é analisada em perspectiva comparativa no livro The Media and Neo-Populism. Organizado em artigos produzidos por 15 pesquisadores sobre movimentos neopopulistas na Áustria, França, Itália, Índia, Austrália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e na região da América Latina, o trabalho oferece um panorama desse fenômeno buscando compreender em que medida ele é afetado pelo sistema de mídia na contemporaneidade. Ao refletir em torno da importância dos meios noticiosos no surgimento do neopopulismo, o estudo encara essa relação como sendo “em duas vias”, uma vez que as organizações midiáticas exploram os movimentos neopopulista, mas, por outro lado, também são alvo das estratégias de comunicação formuladas por eles.
Classificação indicativa: uma análise do estado da arte da pesquisa sobre o tema no Brasil
Authors: Steibel Fabro
Published: September 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da produção acadêmica nacional sobre o tema da classificação indicativa, com objetivo de mapear eixos temáticos de conhecimento, relatar as boas práticas de pesquisa e lacunas de conhecimento e discutir os rumos das políticas de comunicação no país. O artigo está baseado em análise quantitativa e qualitativa de 384 obras nacionais, selecionadas a partir da menção explícita ao processo de classificação indicativa adotado no país, ao consumo infanto-juvenil de conteúdos de violência, sexo e/ou drogas, e a modelos de regulamentação das mídias para proteção dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes. A análise dos dados indica que o campo de estudos no Brasil é recente, dá ênfase aos estudos de conteúdos de violência e produtos audiovisuais,  e que a produção acadêmica da área é altamente multidisciplinar. Sugere-se ao final do artigo proposições sobre as políticas de comunicação do país, e ações governamentais sobre a proteção de crianças e adolescentes na mídia.
O redesenho do programa Cultura Viva: performance de uma democracia deliberativa?
Authors: Ziviani Paula
Published: September 2016

A emergência de espaços de encontros entre Estado e sociedade civil em torno do debate de políticas públicas é cada vez mais recorrente. Contudo, cabe indagar em que medida estes mecanismos foram incorporados à cultura política da sociedade e se são eficazes. Procura-se refletir sobre a dinâmica de deliberação pública instaurada durante a apresentação dos resultados do redesenho do programa Cultura Viva, do Ministério da Cultura. O objetivo é encetar algumas reflexões a partir da observação dos acontecimentos e do curso que tomou a discussão ao longo do seminário, uma tentativa de compreender este evento específico de deliberação pelo viés da abordagem comunicacional. Para tanto, recorre-se ao conceito de esfera pública e às abordagens da democracia deliberativa, uma vez que parte-se do pressuposto de que o seminário do redesenho se caracteriza como uma esfera pública em processo de institucionalização, onde são mediadas as negociações entre diferentes atores da sociedade civil. 
Facebook e accountability: um estudo de caso da fanpage da presidente Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Parmeggiani Brenda
Published: September 2016

O advento de novas tecnologias digitais cria expectativas sobre novas formas de comunicação, inclusive na política. Simultaneamente, a opinião pública clama por mecanismos de accountability. Assim, questiona-se: o Facebook pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de accountability? O estudo exige, primeiramente, uma discussão acerca de conceitos-chave, como accountability, transparência e publicidade, além de um breve histórico sobre os sites de redes sociais (SRS). Com base nessas reflexões, conclui-se que o Facebook pode, sim, ser usado como instrumento de accountability, mas não o é por natureza. Logo, empreende-se uma análise de caso da fanpage da presidente Dilma Rousseff. Embora esteja claro o potencial das mídias digitais para desempenhar tal tarefa, constata-se que a página da presidente brasileira no SRS não realiza esse propósito.
A construção do debate sobre a cidadania dos moradores de periferia no programa televisivo Aglomerado
Authors: Pereira Caminhas Lorena Rúbia
Published: September 2016

RESUMO

No presente texto é discutida criticamente a proposta do programa televisivo Aglomerado de promover um debate a respeito das condições para a cidadania do morador de periferia. São três perguntas centrais que se pretenderam responder: De que maneira o programa organizou a discussão sobre a cidadania do favelado? Quais foram as estratégias acionadas? E quais foram os principais requisitos apontados? Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, averiguando-se os enunciados e a organização das falas em quatro episódios de Aglomerado, dois da primeira e dois da segunda temporada. No decurso da investigação percebeu-se que o programa estabelece uma tensão entre seus objetivos e as escolhas efetuadas em termos de conformação midiática, reverberando nas condições apontadas como essenciais para o status de cidadão dos habitantes das favelas.
Innovating at the Nexus of Impact and Improvement
Authors: Peurach Donald J.
Published: September 2016

In late 2015, the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act strengthened federal commitment to the use of evidence in educational innovation, focusing squarely on increasing the impact of innovation on educational outcomes. Concurrently, articles published in Educational Researcher examined new potential to increase the success of educational innovation through researcher-practitioner collaboration, focusing squarely on continuous improvement grounded in problems of practice. This essay examines how impact and improvement play out in the leadership of network-based improvement initiatives. Integrating critical scholarship with analysis of 20 i3-funded networks, the argument is that the practical challenges of network leaders vary inversely with system-level innovation infrastructure, which currently provides strong support for evaluating impact but weak support for continuous improvement. Thus, additional potential to increase the success of educational innovation is argued to lie in strengthening system-level innovation infrastructure to support the simultaneous pursuit of impact and improvement.
Effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of zinc and boron on the yield of tomato
Authors: Sultana S , Naser HM , Akhter S , Begum RA
Published: September 2016

Field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years to study the effectiveness of soil and foliar application of micronutrients on the yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur. The micronutrients zinc (Zn) in the form of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) at the rate of 0.05 % and boron (B) in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) at the rate of 0.03% were applied as foliar spray at three different stages of plant growth i.e (i) before flower initiation; (ii) after fruit set when it becomes approximately marble sized; and (iii) at 20 days interval of second spray. The tomato yield and its contributing yield traits were significantly affected by foliar fertilizer treatments as against soil application of B and Zn fertilizers. Among various treatments, foliar application of Zn (0.05 %) + B (0.03%) produced maximum fruit yield (85.5 and 81.7 t ha-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively) while the control no application of Zn (0.0) and B (0.0) produced 66.8 and 60.7 t ha-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively and it was statistically identical with soil application of B and Zn @ 2 and 6 kg ha-1 (T5), respectively. The increment of yield was 19.2 to 31.1% and 7.57 to 18.3%, respectively, over control and soil application. The integrated use of foliar application of micronutrients and soil application of macronutrients are recommended to enhance tomato yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 411-418, September 2016
Effect of different staking methods and stem pruning on yield and quality of summer tomato
Authors: Alam MS , Islam N , Ahmad S , Hossen MI , Islam MR
Published: September 2016

The study was carried out during summer of 2012 with BARI hybrid tomato 4, planted in the Olericulture farm of Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the response of plants to some staking and pruning treatments on yield, fruit quality and cost of production. A two factor experiment consisting of three staking methods and four level of pruning, laid out in complete block design with three repetitions. Plants were staked on inverted V? shaped staking, high platform and string. The plants were pruned to two stem, three stem, four stem and no pruning as control. Results showed that significantly the highest total number of fruits per plant (37.1), marketable fruits per plant (33.7), yield per plant (1.68 kg) and total yield (44.6 t/ha) were produced by the plants having the treatment string staking with four stem. The highest fruit set (43.50%) was found in the plants staking with string having three stems. Plants grown on string staking allowing two stem gave the maximum length (4.71 cm), diameter (4.83 cm) and weight (53.4g) of single fruit as well as maximum fruit firmness (3.43 kg-f cm-2). From the economic point of view, it was apparent that summer tomato produced by string staking with four stem pruning exhibited better performance compared to other treatment combinations in relation to net return and BCR (2.10).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 419-432, September 2016
Genetic divergence in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes
Authors: Karim MR , Rahman MM , Quamruzzaman AKM
Published: September 2016

Multivariate analysis of twenty six genotypes of eggplant were done to estimate the genetic diversity and to select the potential parents for a successful hybridization program. As per PCA, D2 and cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was between Cluster II and Cluster III (37.82) and the lowest between Cluster I and Cluster III (4.39). Cluster III showed the maximum intra-cluster distance (1.58), whereas Cluster II showed the lowest intra-cluster distance (0.48). Considering the magnitude of genetic distance and agronomic performance, the genotypes SM 208 and SM 209 from Cluster II and SM 201, SM 218 and SM 227 from Cluster III might be suitable for efficient hybridization program. On the other hand the genotypes of Cluster I (SM 206, SM 210, SM 211, SM 212, SM 213, SM 215, SM 216, SM 217, SM 221, SM 224, SM 225 and SM 226) possess all the superior characters in respect of yield and yield related component. Thus the genotypes SM 206, SM 216, SM 217, SM 224 and SM 225 from this Cluster could be selected to develop high yielding eggplant varieties.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 433-439, September 2016
Screening of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes under water stress condition
Authors: Chowdhury JA , Karim MA , Khaliq QA , Solaiman ARM , Ahmed JU
Published: September 2016

Fifty soybean genotypes were screened for their water stress tolerance in a vinylhouse of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during January to May, 2011. The objective of this study was to screen for drought tolerant soybean genotype(s) for improving yield of soybean under rainfed condition in Bangladesh. Water stress was imposed throughout the growing period by withholding irrigation until appearance of wilting symptom. Water stress caused an overall reduction in seed yield of soybean. However, reduction in seed yield due to water stress varied among the soybean genotypes. Variations were measured by tolerance indices, ranking and cluster analysis. Considering stress tolerance indices, ranking and cluster analysis, the genotypes BARI Soybean 5, BARI Soybean 6, Shohag and BD2331 were found as tolerant to water stress.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 441-450, September 2016
Diversity of insect pests and natural enemies as influenced by growth stages and pest management practices in rice
Authors: Bakar MA , Khan MMH
Published: September 2016

In order to measure the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies in rice ecosystem, the present study was conducted in the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the period from January to June, 2012 in boro rice season. Diversity indices of insect pests and their natural enemies were found to be affected by the combined effect of rice growth stages and management practices. Diversity indices of insect pests and their natural enemies differed according to treatments and crop growth stages. In case of insect pests, the untreated control treatment showed the highest diversity index (1.67) at maximum tillering stage and spray (Bipolar 55EC @ 10 ml/10 L of water) + perching at early tillering stage also showed highest richness (26.14) and the highest evenness (0.921) in spray at seedling stage. The highest reciprocal form of Berger-Parker's Dominance index (D) was found in untreated control at maximum tillering stage (3.03) for insect pests. In case of natural enemies, perching showed the highest diversity index (1.88) at reproductive stage. Spraying of insecticide at early tillering stage also showed highest richness (5.06) and the highest evenness (0.982) was in perching at seedling stage. The highest D value was found in perching at reproductive stage (4.67) for natural enemies.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 461-470, September 2016