bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Allopurinol on Major Depressive Disorder
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Ranjbaran Farideh , Jamilian Hamid Reza ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Sadeghi Sade Bahman ,   Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common mental health condition, with a severe decline in performance, disability, and a 15% risk of suicide. Allopurinol increases the level of tryptophan in the body by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, and by elevating the level of tryptophan, i.e., a precursor to serotonin. Accordingly, it can improve the symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the impact of allopurinol on MDD. Methods & Materials: In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients with MDD, diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition-Third Edition (DSM IV-TR) were randomly (paired & individual patient records) divided into two equal groups. Both research groups received 40 mg of citalopram daily for 6 weeks. In addition to citalopram, the intervention group received 300 mg allopurinol daily and the control group received a placebo. At the end of the third and sixth weeks, the examined patients were tested for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1394.68). Also, it was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT201508277373n6). Results: The Mean±SD HDRS’s score, after 3 weeks of treatment, in the control and allopurinol groups was measured as 28.42±3.1 and 23.02±3.4, respectively. After 6 weeks after treatment, the Mean±SD depression score in the control and allopurinol groups was equal to 23.28±4.1 and 20.4±1.2, in sequence. A significant difference was observed between the research groups; thus, the intervention group obtained a lower mean score in the HDRS than the controls. Conclusion: Allopurinol can improve the symptoms of depression and can also be used as an adjunct in the treatment of depression.
The Effect of Social Media Use on Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran., Vesal Mina , Rahimi Changiz ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Concerns are increasingly raised about the impact of social media use on depression in adolescents. This article aimed to summarize and synthesize quantitative studies addressing the association between social media and depression in adolescents. Methods & Materials: This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies on the impact of the internet and social media use on depression in adolescents using Persian and English databases. In total, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles are considered in this article. Results: The obtained data revealed a slight (0.18) statistically significant correlation (P<0.000) between social media use and depression in adolescents. However, this relationship was complex and associated with multiple psychosocial, behavioral, and individual factors, necessitating further investigation of mediating and moderating variables. Notably, most explored studies were cross-sectional; thus, they failed to infer the causal relationship between social media use and depression. In Iran, research has only investigated internet dependence. Further research is required in this area. Conclusion: Overall, the mechanism of the impact of social media on depression should be further investigated through qualitative and longitudinal studies.
Impact of coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on pediatric vaccine clinical trials
Authors: Neeta Hanumante  , Dipali Desale
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has affected nearly every facet of life, including clinical research, and has had an adverse and extensive impact on clinical trials including pediatric vaccine trials. Across the globe, countries implemented a variety of restrictions to people’s everyday lives, which have substantially impacted the ability to conduct pediatric vaccine trials. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment and follow-up of clinical trial participants in pediatric vaccine clinical trials and simultaneously to explore various strategies used for overcoming these challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Data of 10 pediatric vaccine clinical trials were obtained from the clinical trial records of the Clinical Research Unit. The number of subjects enrolled, number of study dropouts, protocol deviations, and reasons for participant dropout/deviations were recorded from these pediatric vaccine clinical trials carried out before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period from March to December 2020. These metrics were then compared with their counterparts recorded during our study to statistically assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors which have affected the recruitment and follow-up in pediatric vaccine clinical trials and various strategies used to curtail subject dropout and protocol deviations during COVID-19 pandemic were studied in detail. Results: The primary and most visible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was that protocol deviations and study dropouts were significantly higher for the trials conducted during COVID-19 pandemic period. The difference between proportion of protocol deviations and study dropouts in the pediatric vaccine clinical trials conducted during pandemic and trials conducted before pandemic was statistically significant (<0.05). The recruitment for ongoing trials was also adversely affected. Conclusion: At our site, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the conduct and recruitment of pediatric vaccine trials markedly in an adverse manner. The protocol deviations and study dropout were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period. To counter these effects and still have the trials retain their effectiveness, we found that it is essential to implement measures and strategies for maintaining compliance and safe conduct of clinical trials. Adoption of telemedicine may offer promise in terms of a way forward for conducting clinical trials.
Clinical profile of children with primary vesicoureteric reflux and its association with renal parenchymal scarring
Authors: K M Vinay  , Nagamani Agarwal  , Jitendra L Chukkanakal
Published: August 2021

Context: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) has been implicated in renal injury before birth as well as in postnatal occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and further renal damage. About 30–49% of children with primary VUR may develop renal scarring called reflux nephropathy. About 5–10% of children with reflux nephropathy may progress to chronic kidney disease in late childhood. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the clinical profile of children with primary VUR and to assess the relationship with grades of primary VUR and renal parenchymal scarring. Materials and Methods: Fifty children of age 1 month–5 years, diagnosed to have Primary VUR, were included in this prospective observational study. Detailed history was taken; examination was carried out as per the study protocol. Investigations included urine analysis, renal function tests, urine culture, renal ultrasonography, micturating cystourethrogram, and 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. For those who had UTI, DMSA was carried out after a minimum period of 6 months after UTI episode. Results: Among the 50 children, 21 (42%) were male and 29 (58%) were female with male-to-female ratio of 0.72:1. Mean age at diagnosis was 9 months, ranging from 1 to 40 months. The number of children presented with UTI was 43 (86%), and 7 children (14%) were asymptomatic and were evaluated in view of abnormality in prenatal ultrasound scan. Unilateral VUR was found in 21 patients (42%), and 29 patients (58%) had bilateral VUR. Of all 79 refluxing units (21 unilateral plus 58 bilateral), 4% had VUR of Grade I severity, 30% of Grade II, 34% of Grade III, 28% of Grade IV, and 4% of Grade V severity. Renal parenchymal scarring on DMSA scan was detected in 42 (54%) of 79 refluxing units including 33% of Grade II, 55% of Grade III, 71% of Grade IV, and 100% of Grade V refluxing units. Prevalence of scarring in complicated, recurrent, and simple UTI was 100%, 93%, and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: Risk of renal scarring increased progressively with increasing severity of primary VUR. Complicated and recurrent UTI were found to be statistically significant risk factors for renal scarring. Renal scarring was also seen in absence of UTI in a small percentage of children with primary VUR.
Successful intervention of meningomyelocele associated with type 2 Arnold Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus – A case report
Authors: Vijay Baburao Sonawane  , V Kotrashetti  , Kapil Bainade  , Saniya Sroa  , Shuchi Bhatarkar
Published: August 2021

Myelomeningocele, also known as open spina bifida, is characterized by non-closure of neural tube during embryonic development causing herniation of meninges and spinal cord through the vertebral defect. The risk of recurrence after one affected child is 3–4% and increases to 10% after two affected children. Meningomyelocele may rarely also be associated with Arnold Chiari malformations and hydrocephalus. However, most cases of Arnold Chiari malformation may remain asymptomatic.
Linear growth in children with type I diabetes mellitus – A one-year prospective study
Authors: Premitha Premkumar  , Riaz Ismail  , Bindhu Gopalakrishnan Santhakumari  , A Santhoshkumar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Reduced growth velocity and delayed pubertal spurt are seen in Type1 diabetes mellitus and are influenced by a variety of factors. Objective: The objective of the study was to study various factors affecting linear growth in children with Type1 Diabetes. Methods: Age at diagnosis, auxological parameters, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were recorded from 116 children enrolled in the diabetic clinic. Results: Of 116 children, female to male ratio was 1:0.75. Mean age at diagnosis was 6.3±2.87 years. About 31.9% of children had early age of onset of diabetes (before 5 years). Majority (94.8%) had a normal height at diagnosis. At 1 year of follow-up 44% of children (38% males and 48.5% females) showed a decline in linear growth. About 48.3% of children presented initially with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Only 10.7% of children with DKA at diagnosis had growth faltering. Mean age of diagnosis for those without and with growth faltering was 5.6±2.8 years and 7.3±2.6 years, respectively. Mean HbA1c for those with growth faltering and without growth faltering was 10.03±1.80 and 8.34±1.07, respectively. In 5–9.9 year age group, mean height velocity for children with better and poor glycemic control was 6.67±1.0 and 5.58±1.59, respectively; and in 10–14.9 year age group, it was 6.18±1.26 and 5.58±1.59, respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the children had normal height at diagnosis. Growth faltering was less common in children who presented with DKA at diagnosis. Children who were diagnosed at a younger age had less growth faltering. Good glycemic control was associated with better linear growth.
A case report of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A rare and fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: N Meghana  , S Prashanth  , K Nagendra  , C D Thibbegowda  , M R Savitha
Published: August 2021

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication of Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE), known to complicate about 2–5% of SLE cases. Here, we describe the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented DAH with at the initial diagnosis of SLE. A high index of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis in such cases and they require aggressive management at the initial diagnosis to avoid the associated high mortality.
The USE OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING CCU (CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING) AT THE SIXTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF PURWOREJO MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY: A CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Authors: Rokhayati Titi
Published: August 2021

Project-based learning (PBL) is very important for the students since in this project students learn many things. They learn how to have a survey, collecting data, cooperate with friends, find the respondent, present the data and conclude all things in the project. CCU or Cross-Cultural Understanding is one of the subjects which is compulsory for English Department students. The PBL is appropriate to be applied in CCU since at the end of the semester the students have to research on Culture by having the respondents in the surroundings. This research is a classroom observation research in which semester six are the samples. The finding said that collaboration, asking questions, reflecting and, presenting are some aspect which 100% happened in the classroom while the result of students’ questionnaire said that the students enjoy the class and they can take much benefit from the class.
Google Translate As an Alternative Tool to Assist EFL Undergraduate’s Students’ Assignment
Authors: Arjulayana Arjulayana
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to present the data analysis regarding assistance tools for EFL undergraduate students in completing their assignments. In the digital era, the use of google translation is one of the most popular tools among EFL students, either for their assignment or improve foreign language’ skills. EFL undergraduate students of University Muhammadiyah Tangerang in 5th-semester areas the research subject, because most of them should complete their assignment and almost of their subject lesson should use English weather orally or written form. This research used purposive sampling with a total is 35 students, and a qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze and present the data comprehensively. The data collection starts from problem identification, field observation, interview and study document be based on their assignment submitted.
Teaching Conditional Sentence Using Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) Technique in Vocational School
Authors: Widyantoro Arif
Published: August 2021

Learning and understanding conditional sentence for the students are something difficult because it needs carefulness and seriousness. Conditional sentence not only consists of rule to be memorized by students but also consists of meaning that should be understood by students so that many of them feel confused to memorize and understand the rule of conditional sentence.  Looking at those problems, the writer chooses PPP technique to overcome those problems. Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) is one of the techniques that can be used by the teacher to teach conditional sentence because looking at the characteristics of PPP, the writer thinks that PPP technique can overcome those problems.

The aims of this study are to describe how to teach conditional sentence using presentation, practice, and production (PPP) and to find out advantages and disadvantages teaching conditional sentence using PPP technique. In writing this paper, the writer uses library research in which the writer collects many sources from books and internet to support the discussion.

The result shows that the implementation of teaching conditional sentence using PPP technique is done based on three steps, they are pre teaching, while teaching, and post teaching.  The advantages of teaching conditional sentence using PPP technique are (1) Students can develop their own ability in learning conditional sentence, (2) This technique can make students interested in learning process because they are given by the teacher chances to explore their  ability(3) The students’ understanding about the material is extensive because they are stimulated to find out or to make sentences, (4) The teacher can modify the learning process by looking at the students’ condition and the difficulties of the material, (5) The PPP approach is relatively straight forward, and structured enough to be easily understood by both students and new or emerging teachers.
REEMERGENCE OF RACIAL STEREOTYPE AND DISCRIMINATION IN JORDAN PEELE’S GET OUT (2017)
Authors: Hidayah Atinia
Published: August 2021

Racial stereotype has been discussed for many years and its issue is still shown today through various ways including a film. This paper discusses one main problem related to racial issues which is the reemergence of black stereotype in Jordan Peele’s Get Out (2017). This research applied deconstruction approach by Jacques Derrida. The main data were collected from movie’s subtitle and supporting data were taken from books, journals, and other sources that are related to the issue being chosen.  The analysis is presented through binary opposition that leads to the deconstruction of the data found. Thus, the finding states that black stereotype is presented through white’s treatment toward black people based on the recollection of black history, their stereotyped behavior and physical discrimination.
Ecofeminism Reflected in Chrish Wedge’s Epic (2013)
Authors: Istiharoh Agus Ferani
Published: August 2021

How nature be treated by a human (female and male) results in the different roles between the genders. Woman, who is associated with nature did such oppression and results in the power hierarchy among genders. This paper discusses one main problem related to the woman  in relation to cultural attitudes to nature which is Ecofeminism Reflected in Chris Wedge’s Epic (2013). This research applied the ecofeminism theory. The data were in the form of the movie’s subtitle and the supporting data were taken from books, journals, and other sources related to the topic of discussion. The analysis is presented in the form of a description supported with main data. As a result, the finding states that ecofeminism is represented through the basic existence of nature, different roles between genders, woman’s reactions toward man’s oppression and power hierarchy.
Are Senior High School Students Interested in Learning Vocabulary in ELT Context Using Instagram Platform?
Authors: Senolinngi Fajar , Damayanti Sri , Asmin Arny Irhany
Published: August 2021

Vocabulary is one important aspect of learning a foreign language. With a limited vocabulary, anyone will also have a limited understanding. Learning vocabulary therefore is perceived important. However, EFL learners often have a limited acces to learn vocabualary. With the growing of technological uses in language teaching, this study aims at unveil the level of students’ interest in learning vocabulary through Instagram. The quantitative approach therefore is used in this study. The study involves 49 senior high school students of SMAN 1 Palopo. The findings indicate that that the average score of students’ interest in learning vocabulary through Instagram is 67,58. The highest percentage of the result is 44.41% that indicates that the students of SMAN 1 Palopo are interested in learning vocabulary through Instagram.
Developing English Reading Material for the Second Grade of Vocational High School
Authors: Widyantoro Arif
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study are to describe how to develop English reading materials for the second grade of Vocational High School and to explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing English reading materials for the second grade of vocational high school.

Using English reading material for developing the students’ ability of the second grade of vocational high school is one of the ways to make the students interested in learning English. In teaching English reading materials, this paper applies two phases (planning phase, implementing phase, evaluating phase) and PQRST (Preview, Question, Read, Summarize, Test) method.

The advantages of developing English reading material for the second grade of vocational high school are: It can develop their vocabulary and grammar mastery. It is described that using reading materials in developing the students’ proficiency of English is very beneficial. The students get the systematic, effective, and efficient learning method, and also they can enjoy the teaching learning process. Encourage the student to improve their previous background knowledge of fundamental concepts. It can motivate the Students to actively reflect upon the material being studied prior to its presentation in class and to search for explanations or solutions on their own. While, the disadvantages are: It cannot develop the listening skill directly; It may happen that the students did not understand clearly about the generic structure and language feature of the text if they just pay attention with the meaning of each word.

The writer hopes that this paper can be used as a reference for the teachers who want to improve their students’ ability, especially in reading ability. Furthermore, it can be a reference for the students of English department who want to write a paper or a thesis.

Keywords: English Language, Reading, Vocational High School
An Analysis of Code Switching in Boy William’s Vlog on Youtube
Authors: Laksono Puji - , Novita Aprilia
Published: August 2021

Today there are many people can speak more than one language. It makes them can switch from one language to others in one speech event. This paper explainstypes of code switching, factors that influence the use of code switching and the function of code switching Boy William’s Vlog.

The research belongs to qualitative research. The data are in form of utterances spoken by the Boy William and his guests. The data are collected by observation. It is done by watching and recording the video and writing the data. Then dataare analyzed by content analysis. The  steps in analyzing data  are: selecting data, interpreting and drawing conclusion.

The results shows that there are three types of code switching found, that are Intra-Sentential, Inter-Sentential and Tag Switching. Meanwhile, there are four factors that affect code switching; Participant, Solidarity, Status and Topic. While the function of code switching, six functions were found; Talking about Particular topics, Interjection, Express Solidarity, Intention of Clarifying The Speech Content for Interlocutors, Repetition Used for Clarification and Express Group Identification.

Keywords:Types of code switching, Factors of code switching, Functions of code switching, Vlog.
Zoom Video Meeting as a Blended Learning Tool for Early Childhood Learning at RA Perwanida Wonosobo
Authors: Mardiyati Laily
Published: August 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the stability of education in Indonesia, currently face-to-face learning is prohibited, causing learning to be impossible. If this situation continues, education will experience a slump. This situation is a very crucial problem in the world of education that really needs to be handled. In overcoming educational problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for learning innovations that can be carried out so that education can be sustainable and the potential of children can continue to develop, including at RA Perwanida Wonosobo.

This study uses a classroom action approach about zoom video meetings as a means of blended learning to improve early childhood learning at RA Perwanida. The results of classroom action research that have been carried out at RA Perwanida Wonosobo are: 1). The activity of children in learning zoom meeting as a means of blended learning in the first cycle was 69% and increased to 89% in the second cycle. 2). Completeness of children in the first cycle is 67% and in the second cycle is 86% based on the results in cycle I and cycle II, we can conclude that learning through zoom video meetings as a means of blended learning can improve early childhood learning at RA Perwanida.

Keywords: zoom video meeting; blended learning.
Catechism of the Catholic Church in Science in 1800s in Spain reflected in Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira 2016
Authors: Chalimah Fithriana
Published: August 2021

This paper explains about the reflection of Catechism of the Catholic Church in Science in 1800s in Spain of Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira (2016). The researcher uses qualitative data to analyze the data. The procedure of collecting uses watching, reading, identifying, classifying and identifying. The method of analyzing data in this research use displaying, explaining and interpreting. The aim of this study is to find: the first is the relation between the pastor and the scientists in 1800s, and the second is Catechism of Catholic church represented in Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira 2016. In this study, the researcher uses sociology of literature approach and theory of modern science.

Keywords: Catechism, Catholic, Church, Science, Spain.
The Introduction of Alphabet Letters in Basic English Through "Lokuter"
Authors: Mardiyati Laily
Published: August 2021

In the realm of cognitive development of early childhood 4-5 years or group A there are indicators of the level of development achievement pairing or connecting letters of the alphabet both the components of vowels and consonants in English. The English alphabet for early childhood is something that is newly known, or just seen and heard so that the need to recognize letters of the alphabet in an interesting and fun way.To help introduce and understand the letters of the alphabet and be arranged into words in English in Group A RA Perwanida Wonosobo, located on Jalan Tumenggung Jogonegoro No. 37 Our Wonosobo uses a game technique called the "Flying Horse Jump" GameThe game technique "Flying Horse Jump" uses a simple tool made from used banners as the base of the game that is drawn according to the desired pattern and given the letters of the alphabet along with how to pronounce each pattern. The purpose of making this article is to provide references and input to teachers, guardians of students and the wider community so that the presentation of subject matter, especially basic English introduction material for kindergarten students is packaged creatively, innovatively and on target. The benefits are that it can be used as a teacher's reference to stimulate student enthusiasm and motivation in learning, and can be used as an alternative for parents of students to make appropriate, practical and logical ways in providing understanding to students relating to the introduction of the letters of the alphabet in basic English during this pandemic.
An An EFL Textbook Evaluation for Grade Ten Used in Takhassus Alquran Vocational School Wonosobo
Authors: Rofik Abdur
Published: August 2021

Textbooks of EFL have an essential role in language learning input for students in classroom activities. Unfortunately, selection and evaluation of EFL textbooks sometimes get a little attention and consideration in language teaching contexts. This study aims to evaluate an EFL selected textbook for grade ten students in Takhassus Alquran Vocational School Wonosobo based on Cunningsworth’s book criteria (1995). The book is Kurikulum 2013 Bahasa Inggris revised edition 2017. This is a qualitative method proposing content analysis. Hence, the results are descriptive qualitative forms. The study uncovers that Bahasa Inggris Kurikulum 2013 textbook fulfills the book criteria proposed by Cunningswoth. Particularly in terms of aims and approaches, design and organization, language contents, topics, methodology, practical consideration. Furthermore, the book needs to be developed in one main aspect, namely skills, particularly listening comprehension. Additionally, the book needs to improved vocabulary materials to faciliate vocational school students’ needs.
The Strategies and Problems Faced by Indonesian Teachers in Conducting e-learning during COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Lestiyanawati Rochyani
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 outbreak had spread rapidly all over the world, impacting on the education system. The students had to study at home. Teachers were to apply online class in conducting the teaching and learning proccess. The school stakeholders also had to create a new management in supporting the school system. The objective of this research was to find out and describe the applied strategies and also problems faced by teachers in conducting e-learning during this COVID-19 outbreak. The findings showed that there were three teaching strategies applied by teachers; they were: applying only online chat, using video conference, and combining both online chat and video conference in online teaching and learning proccess. Some of problems also arose during the e-learning, totally 6 problems. The arisen teachig problems were: the teachers’ disability in accessing technology, school facilities in supporting e-learning, the difficulties in explaining the material, students’ limitation in accessing internet, students’ economically disadvantaged familiy background, and parents’ support system. Nevertheless, the teachers expressed that the e-learning system really relieve their responsibility in conducting teaching and learning proccess during this COVID-19 outbreak.
On the Behavior of Coupled Shear Walls: Numerical Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beam Parameters
Authors: Nofal Omar M. , Elsayed Mostafa , Akl Adel , Abdel-Mooty Mohamed
Published: August 2021

Modern construction of high-rise and tall buildings depends on coupled shear walls system to resist the lateral loads induced by wind and earthquake hazards. The lateral behavior of this system depends on the structural behavior of its components including coupling beams and shear walls. Although many research studies in the literature investigated coupling beams and shear walls, these studies stopped short of investigating the coupled shear walls as a system. Therefore, in this research, the effect of the coupling beam parameters on the nonlinear behavior of the coupled shear walls system was investigated. The full behavior of a 10-story coupled shear wall system was modeled using a series of finite element analyses. The analysis comprised of testing several coupling beam parameters to capture the effect of each parameter on system response including load-deflection behavior, coupling ratio, crack pattern, and failure mechanism. The results indicated that a span-to-depth ratio equal to two is a turning point for the coupling beam behavior. Specifically, the behavior is dominated by ordinary flexure for a ratio of more than two and deep beam behavior for a ratio of less than two. This study showed that the coupling beam width does not have a significant effect on the coupled shear wall response. Additionally, it was concluded that the excessive coupling beam diagonal reinforcement could significantly affect the coupled shear walls behavior and therefore an upper limit for the diagonal reinforcement was provided. Moreover, limitations on the longitudinal and diagonal reinforcement and stirrups are presented herein. The analysis results presented in this paper can provide guidance for practitioners in terms of making decisions about the coupling ratio of the coupled shear walls.
Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Cow Feces and Environmental Management in Suka Sipilihen Village Karo Regency
Authors: Patriani Peni patriani
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Jaya Tani is a farmer group in Suka Sipilihen Village, Karo Regency. The members of Jaya Tani group partly farm the fields and raise livestock. The livestock has several problems, namely environmental waste pollution in the form of livestock manure. Based on the situation analysis through the preliminary survey, Jaya Tani group has difficulty in managing cow manure waste, causing environmental pollution and decreasing the health of livestock. Farmers also need to understand the importance of environmental protection in livestock waste management. This community service activity aimed to introduce liquid organic fertilizer production and its application for organic vegetables which can increase the knowledge and skills of farmers by utilizing livestock waste. This community service activity provided socialization and education to farmers on the importance of environmental protection based on Law Number 32 of 2009. This community service conducted interviews, approaches, and empowerment on the introduction and application of technology. This community service activity provided practical training, counseling, and mentoring to group members. The community service activity increased farmer skills in applying and producing liquid organic fertilizer from cow feces on organic vegetables so that farmers comply with Law Number 32 of 2009 and streamline the fertilization costs.
The Development Prospect Of Households For Coconut Cooking Oil In Galang Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Pinem Nurul Fajriah , Nasution Delima Lailan Sari , Pohan Annisa Rizkia
Published: August 2021

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have a very large and important contribution to the country's economy. MSMEs currently running in the community consist of many fields, one of which is the use of Indonesian agricultural products. Coconut oil can be used as cooking oil, margarine and white butter, a component in soap making and cosmetic formulations. MSMEs making coconut oil have quite a large business opportunity, one of which is the Maida Coconut Cooking Oil Business which is located in Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency. The amount of coconut oil produced is still on a small scale. This is due to very simple equipment, high selling prices, and limited range of marketing strategies. This activity aims to help Maida MSMEs to increase production by providing assistance in the form of equipment and determining the proper cost of goods sold. The results showed that the cost of goods  sold obtained before adding tools based on the full costing method was IDR 41,746/L and variable costing was IDR 39,236/L. Meanwhile, after adding equipment based on the full costing method it is IDR 104,211/L and variable costing is IDR 89,757/L.
Survey of Knowledge and Practice in Facing Covid 19 among Communities in Malaysia and Indonesia: Towards Apply New Norm
Authors: Siregar Fazidah Aguslina
Published: August 2021

Abstract Nowdays, COVID 19 is still health problem in many countries in the world including Malaysia and Indonesia. The number of confirmed cases remains high. An effort to resolve the Covid 19 problem, both Indonesian and Malaysian governments had been taken preventive strategies to break the chain of transmission through the implementation of health protocol including  using a mask, keeping a physical distance from another people at least 2 meters and washing hands as often as possible with running water. However in reality, there are many people had not implemented yet health protocol properly. This activity using cross sectional survey with the purpose of this activity was to analyze knowledge and behavior of community  in facing COVID 19  in  Malaysia and Indonesia. The results showed that in Medan, Indonesia. Out of 203 respondents, half of respondents (59.1%) had good knowledge regarding Covid 19, as much as 21.2% with fair knowledge and 19.7% had poor knowledge. While most of respondent had good practice (72.9%) and 27.9% had bad practice in applying health protocols to prevent the covid transmission. In Malaysia, out of 317 respondents aged 18 years and more, 78.9% of respondents had knowledge regarding symptoms of Covid 19, as much as 69.1% of respondents had knowledge regarding cause of the disease, 71.6% had knowledge about  transmission of the disease. Most of them (96.3%) had good practice to preventive measures for Covid 19, only 6.3% of respondent had not implemented preventive measures.  To prevent the transmission of  covid 19 in future time, it is necessary to identify knowledge and behaviour of community and then followed by  socialize regarding the disease to increased knowledge of community regarding the disease and apply new norm to prevent transmission of the disease.
Adjusment of Technology of Intensification Livestock at Area Rice Field Transmigration in South Konawe Regency
Authors: Hafid Harapin
Published: August 2021

Transmigrant society generally have owned ox livestock and used as buffalo is livestock work to assist everyday them agricultural activity. But the way of conducted conservancy and conducting still have the character of traditional so that result of obtained not yet gratified, either from facet accretion of body wight and price sell yielded livestock. Conservancy facet and giving of feed, farmer still rely on to look for livestock forege at un-tilled areal which growed by many natural grasses, sometimes only given the rest of agricultural produce. Method approach of activity taken with: (1) discussion and discourse concerning activity livestock intensification technology, (2) tuition and demonstration election of seed, way of conducting, conservancy, preventive of disease and processing of result, (3) discussion and discourse concerning exploiting of agricultural produce remains as livestock pakan and processing of livestock dirt become compost. presented Counselling items get well enough and positive respon from all participants remember during the time have never been conducted similar activity. In general the participants wanted to adopt training materials and were very active in the demonstration of work livestock intensification techniques (80%) and 20% did not take a stand because farmers did not have cattle.. Please conclude that all targets which consist of all societies in of Cialam Jaya in activity of training applying of activity livestock intensification. All participants of wishful training to be their countryside is made by countryside of sercive Faculty of Agriculture University of Haluoleo in activity of devotion to society.
Effect of silicon’s doses in the cultivation of pea (Pisum sativum L.), to obtain a higher yield, district of Barranca [Efecto de dosis de silicio en el cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.), para obtener mayor rendimiento, distrito de Barranca]
Authors: Angeles Henry Christopher , Legua Cárdenas José Antonio , Jamanca Ramirez Marco Antonio , Inga Sotelo Miguel Angel , Yovera Saldarriaga José , Caro Soto Félix Gil , Castañeda Chirre Elvira Teófila , Gómez Gamarra Javier Eugenio , Cruz Nieto Dante Daniel
Published: August 2021

The objective was to determine the adequate dose of silicon foliar fertilization, to obtain a higher yield in pea crops. Regarding the methodology, the research is applied and experimental; Therefore, the Completely Random Block Design comprised of 4 blocks and 4 treatments was used, which were: T1 = 0, T2 = 0.50 L, T3 = 0.75 L and T4 = 1 L Silicon (Sil Trade) / 200 L of water Applied in four times, it is worth mentioning the chemical ingredient of silicon is orthosilicic acid. The physical characteristics from sowing to harvest were evaluated and the silicon concentrations in leaves were analyzed by treatment. Obtained data were processed by analysis of variance and Duncan. The results determined that T4 stood out in plant height with 89.74 cm, number of pods per plant with 37, weight of pods per plant with 234.43 g, yield with 4444.4 kg/ha and silicon concentration in leaves with 1.75 g/100 g of dry material. It is concluded that there were no silicon effects; that is, it did not statistically influence the physical characteristics. However, T4 with 1 L Silicon (Sil Trade) / 200 L of water increased 8.58% of the yield in relation to T1.
In silico recombinant plasmid design of pHA171 with phdABCD insertion for ethidium bromide degradation
Authors: Fahri Muhammad Ilham , Alatiffa Rabiah Musfira , Yanti Sania Isma , Prakoso Indira , Mashitah Alysha Naomi
Published: August 2021

Background: Ethidium bromide is a common reagent that is used in nucleic acid staining. However, ethidium bromide has toxic and carcinogenic properties that are harmful to the environment. Phenanthrene dioxygenase (encoded by phdA, phdB, phdC, and phdD genes) in Nocardioides sp. KP7 can oxidize the phenanthridine structure aim to eliminate carcinogenic properties.

Objective: This study aims to visualize and predict the structure, active site, and characteristics of the phenanthrene dioxygenase using bioinformatics tools.

Methods: Plasmid design were prepared by inserting genes of interest phdA, phdB, phdC, and phdD from the NCBI database. Furthermore, several protein analysis tools were used for structure visualization, active site enzyme improvement, and protein characteristic of phenanthrene dioxygenase.

Results: The prediction results found that phenanthrene dioxygenase reacts with the ethidium bromide substrate through the interaction of Fe3+ ions with water. The solubility level of phenanthrene dioxygenase protein is 0.404, suggesting that the protein has low solubility. The protein isoelectric point (pI) is between 5.17 to 5.36, and the protein molecular weight is 121.143 kDa.

Conclusion: In silico analysis has supported that recombinant plasmid met characteristics for the construct which consists of gene interest and protein library.
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AFFECTING THE FISH TRADE
BALANCE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Soh Bee Hui , Lim Ghee-Thean
Published: August 2021

The world demand for fish has been increasing. Malaysia has a high fish trade with other countries.
However, Malaysia, which has been one of the main fish producers given its long coastlines, still
experiences a fish trade deficit. The present study aims to explore the effect of macroeconomic
factors on the Malaysian fish trade balance by implementing the Vector Error Correction Model
(VECM) on the time series data from 1976 to 2016. The findings reveal that foreign income is
positively correlated with the trade balance in both short-run and long-run. Nevertheless, trade
openness, depreciation of exchange rate, and money supply show a negative effect on the trade
balance for the long-run mainly. The incidents are mainly due to fish import dependence and a lack
of capacity of exporting fish. To strengthen the trade balance, reducing fisheries products export
duties and restricting imported fisheries products are highly recommended.
ANALYSIS OF LINE EFFICIENCY IN FINISHING DEPARTMENT PT PURA NUSAPERSADA UNIT PAPER MILL 7/8
Authors: Suhardi Bambang , Sari Wahyu Ani Maulidiyah
Published: August 2021

Measuring line efficiency and productivity are very important to do to find out in which level the efficiency and productivity of the business process has been carried out by the company. This paper aims to determine line efficiency analysis and provide suggestions for improvements to increase line efficiency at the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada. Measurement of line efficiency in the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada paper mill unit 7 has not yet reached the company's line efficiency value target. The initial line efficiency assessment obtained a percentage of 65.14% while the company's target was 70%. In this paper, a fishbone diagram is used to determine the root cause of the problem. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant cause of the problem was the inefficient work elements at the cutter, sorting, pollar, and packing work stations. Improvements were made using the eliminate, combine, re-arrange, and simplify (ECRS) method and the results of the line efficiency improvements in the finishing department increased to 71.90% and the company's target can be met.
The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovation and Creativity in Management to Improve Employees’ Academic Performance at Sohar University
Authors: Salim Al-Saidi Ibtisam Harib , Zakaria Abd Wahab
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the relationship between transformational leadership practices and norms and employees' performance at Sohar University in the Sultanate of Oman. This research is based on the fact that traditional methods of leadership handicap the development of modern leadership practices in Sohar University in particular and in Oman in general.  This study may contribute to some significant solutions to the extant literature especially in that transformational leadership practices could be of great value if they are supported by modern techniques and high training skills for employees. The present paper adopts qualitative research method. Questionnaire was used as a research instrument of collecting data.  The 5-Point Likert Scale was adopted to help researchers analyze the data. The study concludes that Transformational leadership skills are very essential for high-ranking leaders to acquire in Sohar University in the Sultanate of Oman. The study also finds that transformational leadership skills are very essential for high-ranking leaders to acquire in Sohar University in the Sultanate of Oman. Having conducted statistical analysis, this study draws some conclusions and suggests some recommendations for transformational leadership and its use in developing administrative creativity and improving job performance among Sohar University employees. This can be summarized as follows. First, transformational leadership skills are very essential for high-ranking leaders to acquire in Sohar University in the Sultanate of Oman. second, transformational leaders with outstanding leadership skills are found astonishingly effective in managing and leading those working under them. Third, employees are found to be greatly affected by their leaders in respect with academic and managerial activities and finally the study found that Universities in the Sultanate of Oman do not pay special attention to transformational leadership skills, which this negatively affects the quality and credibility of teaching.
Implementation Of Business Road Map as a Development of Business Model Canvas In The Ruang Temu Café In Samarinda
Authors: Danu Setiawan Riyan , Fourqoniah Finnah , Aransyah Muhammad Fikry
Published: August 2021

Business actors must understand the importance of a business model in entrepreneurship; a business strategy is needed. There are several business models, but the one most often used by business actors is the Business Model Canvas or what we usually know (BMC). According to several studies, the Business Model Canvas can still be a business model that can still be developed into a more detailed business model and better mapping. Then from the Business Model Canvas, a new business model was developed, namely the Business Road Map, to win the market competition. Business Road Map is a pattern or Business Mapping Method to build a business model/business plan capable of creating growth over time. It was found that there was a significant increase in turnover after implementing the Business Roadmap. The actual Business Road Map is a development of the Business Model Canvas. Compared to other business models, the Business Road Map is considered to be much more detailed in business mapping and can also check the business's growth.