bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A translatome-transcriptome multi-omics gene regulatory network reveals the complicated functional landscape of maize
Authors: Zhu Wanchao , Miao Xinxin , Qian Jia , Chen Sijia , Jin Qixiao , Li Mingzhu , Han Linqian , Zhong Wanshun , Xie Dan , Shang Xiaoyang , Li Lin
Published: March 2023

Background

Maize (Zea maysL.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Although sophisticated maize gene regulatory networks (GRNs) have been constructed for functional genomics and phenotypic dissection, a multi-omics GRN connecting the translatome and transcriptome is lacking, hampering our understanding and exploration of the maize regulatome.

Results

We collect spatio-temporal translatome and transcriptome data and systematically explore the landscape of gene transcription and translation across 33 tissues or developmental stages of maize. Using this comprehensive transcriptome and translatome atlas, we construct a multi-omics GRN integrating mRNAs and translated mRNAs, demonstrating that translatome-related GRNs outperform GRNs solely using transcriptomic data and inter-omics GRNs outperform intra-omics GRNs in most cases. With the aid of the multi-omics GRN, we reconcile some known regulatory networks. We identify a novel transcription factor,ZmGRF6, which is associated with growth. Furthermore, we characterize a function related to drought response for the classic transcription factorZmMYB31.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into spatio-temporal changes across maize development at both the transcriptome and translatome levels. Multi-omics GRNs represent a useful resource for dissection of the regulatory mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation.
The shaky foundations of simulating single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Crowell Helena L. , Morillo Leonardo Sarah X. , Soneson Charlotte , Robinson Mark D.
Published: March 2023

Background

With the emergence of hundreds of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, the number of computational tools to analyze aspects of the generated data has grown rapidly. As a result, there is a recurring need to demonstrate whether newly developed methods are truly performant—on their own as well as in comparison to existing tools. Benchmark studies aim to consolidate the space of available methods for a given task and often use simulated data that provide a ground truth for evaluations, thus demanding a high quality standard results credible and transferable to real data.

Results

Here, we evaluated methods for synthetic scRNA-seq data generation in their ability to mimic experimental data. Besides comparing gene- and cell-level quality control summaries in both one- and two-dimensional settings, we further quantified these at the batch- and cluster-level. Secondly, we investigate the effect of simulators on clustering and batch correction method comparisons, and, thirdly, which and to what extent quality control summaries can capture reference-simulation similarity.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that most simulators are unable to accommodate complex designs without introducing artificial effects, they yield over-optimistic performance of integration and potentially unreliable ranking of clustering methods, and it is generally unknown which summaries are important to ensure effective simulation-based method comparisons.
Metabolic engineering to improve production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from corn-stover hydrolysate in Aspergillus species
Authors: Dai Ziyu , Pomraning Kyle R. , Deng Shuang , Kim Joonhoon , Campbell Kristen B. , Robles Ana L. , Hofstad Beth A. , Munoz Nathalie , Gao Yuqian , Lemmon Teresa , Swita Marie S. , Zucker Jeremy D. , Kim Young-Mo , Burnum-Johnson Kristin E. , Magnuson Jon K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Fuels and chemicals derived from non-fossil sources are needed to lessen human impacts on the environment while providing a healthy and growing economy. 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important chemical building block that can be used for many products. Biosynthesis of 3-HP is possible; however, low production is typically observed in those natural systems. Biosynthetic pathways have been designed to produce 3-HP from a variety of feedstocks in different microorganisms.

Results

In this study, the 3-HP β-alanine pathway consisting of aspartate decarboxylase, β-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase from selected microorganisms were codon optimized for Aspergillus species and placed under the control of constitutive promoters. The pathway was introduced into Aspergillus pseudoterreus and subsequently into Aspergillus niger, and 3-HP production was assessed in both hosts. A. niger produced higher initial 3-HP yields and fewer co-product contaminants and was selected as a suitable host for further engineering. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of both Aspergillus species during 3-HP production identified genetic targets for improvement of flux toward 3-HP including pyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate hydrolase, and a 3-HP transporter. Overexpression of pyruvate carboxylase improved yield in shake-flasks from 0.09 to 0.12 C-mol 3-HP C-mol−1 glucose in the base strain expressing 12 copies of the β-alanine pathway. Deletion or overexpression of individual target genes in the pyruvate carboxylase overexpression strain improved yield to 0.22 C-mol 3-HP C-mol−1 glucose after deletion of the major malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Further incorporation of additional β-alanine pathway genes and optimization of culture conditions (sugars, temperature, nitrogen, phosphate, trace elements) for 3-HP production from deacetylated and mechanically refined corn stover hydrolysate improved yield to 0.48 C-mol 3-HP C-mol−1 sugars and resulted in a final titer of 36.0 g/L 3-HP.

Conclusions

The results of this study establish A. niger as a host for 3-HP production from a lignocellulosic feedstock in acidic conditions and demonstrates that 3-HP titer and yield can be improved by a broad metabolic engineering strategy involving identification and modification of genes participated in the synthesis of 3-HP and its precursors, degradation of intermediates, and transport of 3-HP across the plasma membrane.
Modulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the liver of Beagle dogs by Toxocara canis infection
Authors: Zou Yang , Zheng Wen-Bin , Elsheikha Hany M. , He Jun-Jun , Lu Yi-Xin , Wang Shuai , Guo Aijiang , Zhu Xing-Quan
Published: March 2023

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs and mRNAs in mediating the liver response during Toxocara canis infection remains incompletely understood.

Methods

In the present study, the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs was investigated in the liver of Beagle dogs infected by T. canis using high-throughput RNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the control groups, 876 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 288 DEmRNAs were identified at 12 h post-infection (hpi), 906 DElncRNAs and 261 DEmRNAs were identified at 24 hpi, and 876 DElncRNAs and 302 DEmRNAs were identified at 36 days post-infection (dpi). A total of 16 DEmRNAs (e.g. dpp4, crp and gnas) were commonly identified at the three infection stages. Enrichment and co-localization analyses identified several pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses during T. canis infection. Some novel DElncRNAs, such as LNC_015756, LNC_011050 and LNC_011052, were also associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Also, LNC_005105 and LNC_005401 were associated with the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may play a role in the healing of liver pathology at the late stage of infection.

Conclusions

Our data provided new insight into the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the pathogenesis of T. canis and improved our understanding of the contribution of lncRNAs and mRNAs to the immune and inflammatory response of the liver during T. canis infection.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing the value of death registration with verbal autopsy data: a pilot study in the Senegalese urban population in 2019
Authors: Niang Khadim , Fall Atoumane , Ndiaye Samba , Sarr Maguette , Ba Khady , Masquelier Bruno
Published: March 2023

Background

There is no source of data on causes of death in Senegal that covers both community and hospital deaths. Yet the death registration system in the Dakar region is relatively complete (>80%) and could be expanded to provide information on the diseases and injuries that led to death.

Methods

In this pilot study, we recorded all deaths that occurred over 2 months and were reported in the 72 civil registration offices in the Dakar region. We selected the deaths of residents of the region and administered a verbal autopsy to a relative of the deceased to identify the underlying causes of death. Causes of death were assigned using the InterVA5 model.

Results

The age structure of deaths registered at the civil registry differed from that of the census, with a proportion of infant deaths about twice as high as in the census. The main causes of death were prematurity and obstetric asphyxia in newborns. Meningitis and encephalitis, severe malnutrition, and acute respiratory infections were the leading causes from 1 month to 15 years of age. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 27% of deaths in adults aged 15-64 and 45% of deaths among adults above age 65, while neoplasms accounted for 20% and 12% of deaths in these two age groups, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the epidemiological transition is at an advanced stage in urban areas of Dakar, and underlines the importance of conducting regular studies based on verbal autopsies of deaths reported in civil registration offices.
A multi-institutional exploration of emergency medicine physicians’ attitudes and behaviours on antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Huang Zhilian , Tay Evonne , Kuan Win Sen , Tiah Ling , Weng Yanyi , Tan Hann Yee , Seow Eillyne , Peng Li Lee , Chow Angela
Published: March 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the epidemiology of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and the disease profile of patients attending the emergency department (ED). Hence, we sought to explore the changes in ED physicians’ attitudes and behaviours in four EDs in Singapore.

Methods

We employed a sequential mixed-methods approach (quantitative survey followed by in-depth interviews). Principal component analysis was performed to derive latent factors, followed by multivariable logistic regression to explore the independent factors associated with high antibiotic prescribing. Interviews were analysed using the deductive-inductive-deductive framework. We derive five meta-inferences by integrating the quantitative and qualitative findings with an explanatory bidirectional framework.

Results

We obtained 560 (65.9%) valid responses from the survey and interviewed 50 physicians from various work experiences. ED physicians were twice as likely to report high antibiotic prescribing rates pre-COVID-19 pandemic than during the pandemic (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.41, p = 0.002). Five meta-inferences were made by integrating the data: (1) Less pressure to prescribe antibiotics due to reduced patient demand and more patient education opportunities; (2) A higher proportion of ED physicians self-reported lower antibiotic prescribing rates during the COVID-19 pandemic but their perception of the overall outlook on antibiotic prescribing rates varied; (3) Physicians who were high antibiotic prescribers during the COVID-19 pandemic made less effort for prudent antibiotic prescribing as they were less concerned about antimicrobial resistance; (4) the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the factors that lowered the threshold for antibiotic prescribing; (5) the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the perception that the public's knowledge of antibiotics is poor.

Conclusions

Self-reported antibiotic prescribing rates decreased in the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic due to less pressure to prescribe antibiotics. The lessons and experiences learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic can be incorporated into public and medical education in the war against antimicrobial resistance going forward. Antibiotic use should also be monitored post-pandemic to assess if the changes are sustained.
Comprehensive evaluations of individual discrimination, kinship analysis, genetic relationship exploration and biogeographic origin prediction in Chinese Dongxiang group by a 60-plex DIP panel
Authors: Chen Man , Cui Wei , Bai Xiaole , Fang Yating , Yao Hongbin , Zhang Xingru , Lei Fanzhang , Zhu Bofeng
Published: March 2023

Background

Dongxiang group, as an important minority, resides in Gansu province which is located at the northwest China, forensic detection system with more loci needed to be studied to improve the application efficiency of forensic case investigation in this group.

Methods

A 60-plex system including 57 autosomal deletion/insertion polymorphisms (A-DIPs), 2 Y chromosome DIPs (Y-DIPs) and the sex determination locus (Amelogenin) was explored to evaluate the forensic application efficiencies of individual discrimination, kinship analysis and biogeographic origin prediction in Gansu Dongxiang group based on the 60-plex genotype results of 233 unrelated Dongxiang individuals. The 60-plex genotype results of 4582 unrelated individuals from 33 reference populations in five different continents were also collected to analyze the genetic background of Dongxiang group and its genetic relationships with other continental populations.

Results

The system showed high individual discrimination power, as the cumulative power of discrimination (CPD), cumulative power of exclusion (CPE) for trio and cumulative match probability (CMP) values were 0.99999999999999999999997297, 0.999980 and 2.7029E− 24, respectively. The system could distinguish 98.12%, 93.78%, 82.18%, 62.35% and 39.32% of full sibling pairs from unrelated individual pairs, when the likelihood ratio (LR) limits were set as 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 based on the simulated family samples, respectively. Additionally, Dongxiang group had the close genetic distances with populations in East Asia, especially showed the intimate genetic relationships with Chinese Han populations, which were concluded from the genetic affinities and genetic background analyses of Dongxiang group and 33 reference populations. In terms of the effectiveness of biogeographic origin inference, different artificial intelligent algorithms possessed different efficacies. Among them, the random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm models could accurately predict the biogeographic origins of 99.7% and 90.59% of three and five continental individuals, respectively.

Conclusion

This 60-plex system had good performance for individual discrimination, kinship analysis and biogeographic origin prediction in Dongxiang group, which could be used as a powerful tool for case investigation.
Influence of Air Velocity on Self-Paced Exercise Performance in Hot Conditions
Authors: BRIGHT FELICITY M. , CLARK BRAD , JAY OLLIE , PÉRIARD JULIEN D.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effect of different air velocities on heat exchange and performance during prolonged self-paced exercise in the heat.

Methods

Twelve male cyclists performed a 700-kJ time trial in four different air velocity conditions (still air, 16, 30, and 44 km·h−1) in 32°C and 40% relative humidity. Performance, thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses were measured, and heat balance parameters were estimated using partitional calorimetry, including the maximum potential for sweat evaporation (E
max).

Results

Mean power output was lower in still air (232 ± 42 W) than 16 (247 ± 30 W), 30 (250 ± 32 W), and 44 km·h−1 (248 ± 32 W; all P < 0.001), but similar between the 16-, 30-, and 44-km·h−1 air velocity conditions (P ≥ 0.275). E
max was lower in still air (160 ± 13 W·m−2) than 16 (298 ± 25 W·m−2), 30 (313 ± 23 W·m−2), and 44 km·h−1 (324 ± 31 W·m−2) and lower in 16 than 44 km·h−1 (all P < 0.001). Peak core temperature was higher in still air (39.4°C ± 0.7°C) than 16 (39.0°C ± 0.45°C), 30 (38.8°C ± 0.3°C), and 44 km·h−1 (38.8°C ± 0.5°C; all P ≤ 0.002). Mean skin temperature was lower with greater airflow (P < 0.001) but similar in 30 and 40 km·h−1 (P = 1.00). Mean heart rate was ~2 bpm higher in still air than 44 km·h−1 (P = 0.035). RPE was greater in still air than 44 km·h−1 (P = 0.017).

Conclusions

Self-paced cycling in still air was associated with a lower E
max and subsequently higher thermal strain, along with a similar or greater cardiovascular strain, despite work rate being lower than in conditions with airflow. The similarity in performance between the 16-, 30-, and 44-km·h−1 air velocity conditions suggests that airflow ≥16 km·h−1 does not further benefit self-paced exercise performance in the heat because of modest improvements in evaporative efficiency.
Muscle Contributions to Take-Off Velocity in the Long Jump
Authors: YANG KAIWEN , TANG WEN-TZU , LIU SHU-HUA , PANDY MARCUS G.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

A key determinant of long jump performance is the ability to increase the vertical velocity of the center of mass (COM) while minimizing the loss in forward velocity (running speed) during the take-off phase, but exactly how this occurs is not fully understood. We combined a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the body with dynamic optimization theory to simulate the biomechanics of the long jump take-off and determine the contributions of the individual leg muscles to jump performance.

Methods

The body was modeled as a 29-degree-of-freedom skeleton actuated by a combination of muscles and net joint torques. A dynamic optimization problem was solved to reproduce full-body motion and ground-force data recorded from experienced subelite jumpers. The optimization solution then was analyzed to determine each muscle’s contribution to the ground-force impulse and hence the change in velocity of the COM during the take-off phase.

Results

The hip, knee, and ankle extensors dominated the change in velocity of the COM during take-off. Vasti (VAS) generated the highest support impulse and contributed one-third (33%) of the increase in vertical COM velocity generated by all the muscles. Soleus (SOL) and gluteus maximus (GMAX) also developed substantial support impulses and contributed 24% and 16% of the increase in vertical COM velocity, respectively. VAS also generated the highest braking impulse and contributed approximately one-half (55%) of the loss in forward COM velocity generated by all the muscles, whereas SOL and GMAX made much smaller contributions (12% and 7%, respectively).

Conclusions

VAS, SOL, and GMAX contributed nearly three-quarters (73%) of the increase in vertical COM velocity at take-off, suggesting that these muscles ought to be prioritized in strength training programs aimed at improving long jump performance.
Step-Based Metrics and Translations of Physical Activity Guidelines among Adults in the HCHS/SOL
Authors: MOORE CHRISTOPHER C. , CUTHBERTSON CARMEN C. , SOTRES-ALVAREZ DANIELA , CASTANEDA SHEILA F. , CORDERO CHRISTINA , DAVIGLUS MARTHA L. , MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI YASMIN , PERREIRA KRISTA M. , EVENSON KELLY R.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In a cross-sectional sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults, we aimed to describe step-based metric distributions, estimate their associations with activity counts and self-report, and calibrate step-based translations of current (2018) US physical activity (PA) guidelines, that is, ≥150 min·wk−1 moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from accelerometer counts and self-report.

Methods

The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults 18–74 yr from four US cities (2008–2011). Participants completed the Global PA Questionnaire and 1 wk of Actical accelerometer wear (n = 12,528). Weighted medians were used to describe step-based metrics, and Spearman correlations estimated their relationships with count-based and self-reported PA indicators. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses were used to examine the ability of each step-based metric to classify participants meeting PA guidelines.

Results

Overall, US Hispanic/Latino adults accumulated medians of 6770 steps per day and 6, 18, 236, and 630 min·d−1 at ≥100, ≥70, 1–69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively. Count-based time in MVPA, light PA, and sedentary behavior were most strongly correlated (r
s = 0.79–0.85) with times ≥70, 1–69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively, whereas self-reported MVPA had similar correlations with steps per day and times ≥40 and ≥70 steps per minute (r
s = 0.28–0.29). Time ≥70 steps per minute had the greatest capacity to classify participants meeting PA guidelines with both measures of MVPA.

Conclusions

This study provides the first normative values (based on percentiles) of step-based metrics for US Hispanic/Latino adults, which can facilitate surveillance, program planning, research, and data interpretation. Our finding that PA guidelines corresponded to 6000–7000 steps per day or ~20 min·d−1 at ≥70 steps per minute with an Actical accelerometer can be considered alongside dose–response relationships with health outcomes to develop step-based recommendations that are consistent with and better communicate PA guidelines.
Natural Resource Booms, Human Capital, and Earnings: Evidence from Linked Education and Employment Records
Authors: Kovalenko Alina
Published: March 2023

Using administrative panel data on the universe of Texas public school students, I analyze how shocks to local economic conditions affect education and employment decisions. I find that high school students at the bottom of the academic ability distribution worked and earned more in response to the fracking boom and that these earnings gains persisted through ages 24–25 despite the fact that the same students also became less likely to attend classes and graduate from high school. My results suggest that the opportunity cost of education is large for these students. (JEL H75, I21, I26, J24, J31, R23)
Oh nuts, they’ve got a pelvic kidney – a tricky testicular vein embolisation
Authors: Patel Sajal , Ahmed Irfan , Thomson Benedict
Published: March 2023

Testicular vein embolisation for varicocele is a common interventional procedure performed in predominantly young, healthy males. Cross-sectional imaging is rarely performed for treatment planning and is often not available. In this case report, we describe a case of testicular vein embolisation in an ipsilateral pelvic kidney where cross-sectional imaging aided treatment planning resulting in successful embolisation.
Canal of Nuck hernia containing the internal reproductive organs of both gender in a neonate with disorder of sex development: a rare case presentation
Authors: Attia Kamal H. , Felemban Mehad H. , Al Boukai Ahmad A. , Alfahad Latifah A.
Published: March 2023

The combination of disorder of sex development and canal of Nuck hernia, in which the hernial sac contains the internal reproductive organs (gonads) of both genders, is exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of a neonate who presented with ambiguous genitalia and a lump in the left inguinal region. The child underwent various radiographic procedures and hernial repair. Blood work-up, karyotyping, and histopathological analysis from gonads confirmed the diagnosis of Ovotesticular disorder of sex development. Subsequently, the child had a reconstructive vaginoplasty, and the final decision regarding gender assignment will be made after assessing mental and sexual behavior in early childhood.
Age determination on panoramic radiographs using the Kvaal method with the aid of artificial intelligence
Authors: Pereira de Sousa Douglas , Diniz Lima Elisa , Souza Paulino José Alberto , dos Anjos Pontual Maria Luiza , Meira Bento Patricia , Melo Daniela Pita
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess and compare age estimation on panoramic radiography using the Kvaal method and machine learning (ML).

Methods and Materials:

554 panoramic radiographs were selected from a Brazilian practice. To estimate age using the Kvaal method, the following measurements were performed on the upper left central incisors and canines: tooth, pulp and root length; root and pulp width at three different levels: at the enamel–cementum junction (ECJ); midpoint between the enamel–cementum junction and; at the mid root level. For ML age estimation, radiomic, semantic and the radiomic-semantic attribute extractions were assessed. Nineteen semantic and 14 radiomic attributes and a single set of 33 semantic-radiomic attributes were extracted. Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, KNN, SVR, Decision Tree Reg, Random Forest Reg, Gradient Boost Reg e XG Boosting Reg were used for ML classification. For the Kvaal method, Mann–Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and linear regression with its respective coefficient of determination were used to estimate age and to assess data variability.

Results:

Mean absolute error (MAE) and standard error estimate (SEE) were assessed. For the Kvaal method, upper incisors presented higher precision than canines (R²: 0.335, SSE: 7.108). Males presented better MAE and SEE values (5.29,6.96) than females (5.69,7.37). The radiomic-semantic attributes presented superior precision (MAE: 4.77) than the radiomic and semantic (MAE: 5.23) attributes. The XG Boosting Reg classifier performed better than the other six assessed classifiers (MAE: 4.65). ML (MAE: 4.77 presented higher age estimation precision than the Kvaal method (MAE: 5.68).

Conclusion:

The use of ML on panoramic radiographs can improve age estimation.
Artifacts and biases of the reverse transcription reaction in RNA sequencing
Authors: Verwilt Jasper , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandesompele Jo
Published: March 2023

RNA sequencing has spurred a significant number of research areas in recent years. Most protocols rely on synthesizing a more stable complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the RNA molecule during the reverse transcription reaction. The resulting cDNA pool is often wrongfully assumed to be quantitatively and molecularly similar to the original RNA input. Sadly, biases and artifacts confound the resulting cDNA mixture. These issues are often overlooked or ignored in the literature by those that rely on the reverse transcription process. In this review, we confront the reader with intra- and intersample biases and artifacts caused by the reverse transcription reaction during RNA sequencing experiments. To fight the reader's despair, we also provide solutions to most issues and inform on good RNA sequencing practices. We hope the reader can use this review to their advantage, thereby contributing to scientifically sound RNA studies.
Clinical efficacy and imaging observation of three surgical approaches in treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Xiang-dong , Ma Wei-song , Wang Shun-yi
Published: March 2023

Objective: To observe the efficacy and imaging of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures via the paravertebral muscle space approach.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with thoracolumbar fractures receiving surgery in Baoding First Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. According to different surgical approaches, they were divided into paravertebral approach group, posterior median approach group and minimally invasive percutaneous approach group. They received surgery via the paravertebral muscle space approach, posterior median approach and minimally invasive percutaneous approach, respectively.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found in surgical duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, postoperative drainage volume and hospital stay among the three groups. One year after surgery, the VAS, ADL and JOA scores of the paravertebral approach group and the minimally invasive percutaneous approach group had statistically significant differences from the posterior median approach group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: For the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the clinical efficacy of the paravertebral muscle space approach is superior to that of the traditional posterior median approach, and the clinical efficacy of the minimally invasive percutaneous approach is similar to that of the posterior median approach. All the three approaches can effectively improve the postoperative function and pain symptoms of patients without increasing the incidence of complications. Compared with the posterior median approach, the surgery via the paravertebral muscle space and minimally invasive percutaneous approaches presents shorter surgical duration, less bleeding and shorter hospital stay, which is more conducive to postoperative recovery of patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.3295

How to cite this: Li H, Liu X, Ma W, Wang S. Clinical efficacy and imaging observation of three surgical approaches in treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):902-907. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.3295

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of hyperkalemia on hospitalization days in advanced chronic kidney disease patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study
Authors: Xiaodong Li  , Xinyue Li  , Baoxin Li  , Guo Yancong
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of hyperkalemia at admission on hospitalization days (HDs) among advanced chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.

Methods: A total of 270 CKD patients with T2DM were prospectively selected from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. These patients were divided into Group-A (n = 150, serum potassium ≤ 5.5 mmol/L) and B (n = 120, serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L). The comparison method between the two groups was taken. Linear correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation method, and multivariate analysis was tested using linear regression.

Results: The study found statistically significant result between the two groups (Group-A vs Group-B): HDs (7.4 (5.3-11.2) vs 12.1 (8.2-16.5), p < 0.001), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) (36.2% vs 55.8%, p = 0.014), systolic blood pressure (148.35 ± 19.51 vs 162.26 ± 21.31, p < 0.05), estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) (20.35) (18.31-25.26) vs13.4 (12.50-18.50), p < 0.001, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (2245.42 ± 61.09 vs 3163.39 ± 85.15,p < 0.001), and Hb (88.45 ± 12.35 vs 72.26 ± 14.2, p = 0.023). Correlation analysis showed that HDs were positively correlated with age, serum potassium, systolic blood pressure, and NT-proBNP, while negatively with eGFR and Hb. After adjusting for relevant confounding variables, the multivariable linear regression analysis showed that hyperkalemia was an independent risk factor for HDs.

Conclusions: Hyperkalemia could be an independent risk factor increasing HDs of advanced CKD patients with T2DM.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6874

How to cite this: Li X, Li X, Li B, Guo Y. Impact of hyperkalemia on hospitalization days in advanced chronic kidney disease patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):885-890. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6874

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sacred, Communal or Private “Oikoi”? Ambivalent edifices of the Archaic period on the island of Despotiko in the Cyclades
Authors: Mazarakis Ainian Alexandros , Alexandridou Alexandra , Daifa Kornilia , Chatzinikolaou Eleni
Published: March 2023

In the frame of the Research Project Sacred, Public or Private Buildings? Ambiguous sites and structures in the Early Cyclades, a strict methodology has been adopted, aiming at deciphering the “character” of a number of buildings. The adopted methodology has been based on the detailed documentation of the architectural remains and the related finds. In the former case, the photogrammetry of the buildings, including ground plans and wall sections, has been combined with a structural analysis mainly involving the descriptive representation of the architectural remains and the examination of the techniques and materials used during the construction process. The various types of finds from each building have not been only classified according to their types, but an emphasis has been placed on their spatial distribution revealed through the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS). On this basis, a synthetic study both of the architectural remains and of the artefacts in their original context was possible, elucidating the function of the selected buildings and their components. At the same time, a list of material correlates was created to provide a basis as secure as possible for designating each building’s “character”.
Assessing structure and disorder prediction tools for de novo emerged proteins in the age of machine learning
Authors: Aubel Margaux , Eicholt Lars , Bornberg-Bauer Erich
Published: March 2023

Background: De novo protein coding genes emerge from scratch in the non-coding regions of the genome and have, per definition, no homology to other genes. Therefore, their encoded de novo proteins belong to the so-called "dark protein space". So far, only four de novo protein structures have been experimentally approximated. Low homology, presumed high disorder and limited structures result in low confidence structural predictions for de novo proteins in most cases. Here, we look at the most widely used structure and disorder predictors and assess their applicability for de novo emerged proteins. Since AlphaFold2 is based on the generation of multiple sequence alignments and was trained on solved structures of largely conserved and globular proteins, its performance on de novo proteins remains unknown. More recently, natural language models of proteins have been used for alignment-free structure predictions, potentially making them more suitable for de novo proteins than AlphaFold2.

Methods: We applied different disorder predictors (IUPred3 short/long, flDPnn) and structure predictors, AlphaFold2 on the one hand and language-based models (Omegafold, ESMfold, RGN2) on the other hand, to four de novo proteins with experimental evidence on structure. We compared the resulting predictions between the different predictors as well as to the existing experimental evidence.

Results: Results from IUPred, the most widely used disorder predictor, depend heavily on the choice of parameters and differ significantly from flDPnn which has been found to outperform most other predictors in a comparative assessment study recently. Similarly, different structure predictors yielded varying results and confidence scores for de novo proteins.

Conclusions: We suggest that, while in some cases protein language model based approaches might be more accurate than AlphaFold2, the structure prediction of de novo emerged proteins remains a difficult task for any predictor, be it disorder or structure.
Methods of calculation and evaluation of a thermionic plasma-drop generator with magnetic charge separation
Authors: Pisarev Andrey , Pisareva Svetlana
Published: March 2023

The development of design solutions and preliminary calculation substantiation of the characteristics of a high-voltage plasma-drop generator with magnetic charge separation have been completed. The aim of the study was to confirm the possibility of creating a current source with an operating voltage of about 107 V. The proposed energy conversion method is based on the separation of charged drops from dusty plasma in a gradient magnetic field. Droplets are charged due to thermal emission from their surface. A schematic description of the generator is presented and an elementary calculation model is proposed. This model is divided into 4 blocks that describe the various processes taking place in the device. The assumptions and simplifications necessary for the evaluation are discussed. Preliminary calculation data on the efficiency of a plasma-drop generator with magnetic charge separation have been obtained under conditions close to those actually achievable by manufacturing technologies. The main parameters for evaluation were power, efficiency, voltage and magnetic field induction. As a result of the calculations performed, the fundamental possibility of creating a workable plasma-drop generator based on the proposed solutions is shown. The results obtained are not accurate and require further improvement of the model and study of the processes taking place in the generator.
Structural analysis of the control function of a dynamic system in partial derivatives of different order
Authors: Zubova Svetlana
Published: March 2023

For a dynamic system described by a partial differential equation of different order, the problem of constructing software control in an analytical form is solved. The primary method of research is the cascade decomposition method, the improved algorithm of which includes three main stages: the forward move, the central stage and the reverse move. The method is based on the properties of the matrix coefficient with a second-order partial derivative of the control function. The noetherianness of the coefficient causes the splitting of the original space into direct sums of subspaces. A scheme for structuring subspaces in accordance with the properties of the matrix coefficient is given. The direct move of decomposition is realized, which consists in a step-by-step transition to equivalent hierarchically structured systems of two levels in subspaces. The step-by-step structuring of the components of the state function into functions from subspaces while using matrix coefficients - projectors is performed. The resulting functions from subspaces are called pseudo-state and pseudo-control functions. Graphical visualization of the hierarchical structure of the source space in the form of a diagram is performed. This scheme reflects the essential connections between the components of the subspaces of each decomposition level. Finite-dimensional spaces are considered, which causes the complete completion of the first stage of the algorithm in a finite number of steps not exceeding the dimension of the original space. During the decomposition, the conditions at the start and end points are reduced, so that at the end of each step of the forward stroke, one additional condition appears at each point for each second-level system. In the process of implementing the first stage of the algorithm, the properties of matrix coefficients entailing full controllability or unmanageability of the initial system are established; the properties of functions in the initial conditions necessary for the implementation of the controlled process are also revealed. The criterion of complete controllability of the initial system is deduced. For a fully controlled system, a transition is made to the central stage of the algorithm – the construction of a defining basis function that satisfies all additional conditions for partial derivatives in time at each point resulting from the reduction of the original ones. It is the presence of this defining basic function that lays the prerequisites for constructing the state and control functions of the initial system at the final stage of the algorithm. A diagram visualizing the procedure of step-by-step restoration of the components of the state function in the process of implementing the reverse course is given. The reverse is completed by explicitly constructing first the state function, then the control function. A qualitative analysis of the management structure of the system under study is carried out.
Personalizing Library Outreach with Google Scholar Alerts
Authors: Pionke J. J.
Published: March 2023

This article describes an outreach initiative that uses Google Scholar Alerts to create a personal point of connection between the library liaison and departmental scholars that the liaison works with. The process of creating the program is discussed as well as a small assessment that was conducted about the efficacy of the program.
Buildings of Texas
Authors: Shensky Michael , Pierce Meyer Katie , Conrad Josh , Trelogan Jessica
Published: March 2023

This note describes an ongoing project at the University of Texas Libraries (UTL) that is transforming the way we think about place, people, and events in managing archival collections. This project was developed around a dataset donated by architectural historians, Gerald Moorhead and Mario Sánchez to the Alexander Architectural Archives. This dataset was collected by a team of researchers studying architecturally significant buildings for the two-volume publication, Buildings of Texas. Our team at UT Libraries has used it as a test-bed for geolocating built works in Texas and mapping our Architectural collections. This dataset presented a clear opportunity to develop map-based digital exhibitions and finding aids for archival material, but also posed several challenges due to naming ambiguities, vague building location descriptions, and repeated references to people and architectural firms that were difficult to disambiguate and interconnect. In an attempt to overcome these challenges and develop a set of methods for dealing with similar and related collections, our cross-disciplinary team is evaluating ways to develop a flat spreadsheet into a collection of inter-related datasets. Our goal was a system that could be managed more flexibly, be easily represented through spatial and non-spatial visualizations, and—crucially—contain references to concepts and typologies defined in widely-used ontologies. We have also sought ways to contribute our data as a local authority to both the Getty vocabularies and Wikidata, as a means to broaden representation and allow for multivocality and multiplicity. We have found unique advantages to a team-approach to the cleaning and data normalization process that transformed a single spreadsheet into a graph database. Our experimentation in this process has facilitated our own visualization of the connections between places, people, and events and, in turn, has informed the way we will present this material in our online exhibitions. In addition to the graph database, we explored traditional relational database technologies, which turned out to be much easier to use for mapping the data and managing it with GIS software. Throughout the project, we have been mindful of breaking down traditional modes of archival description, of contributing to but also looking beyond perceived authorities, and about the value of the work we do for architectural artifacts and landscapes, but also any cultural heritage community of practice seeking to meaningfully describe artifacts, events, people, and places over time.
Aplicación del pensamiento de diseño para promover la innovación local: la experiencia del municipio de Mosquera
Authors: Anzola Peraza José Jhaiver , Torres Castellanos Edwin Javier
Published: March 2023

Durante las últimas dos décadas, el municipio de Mosquera, en Cundinamarca, Colombia, cambió su vocación agrícola-rural a una vocación industrial-urbana, lo que generó importantes brechas en materia de innovación y dinámica empresarial. Para abordar esta problemática, tanto en el Plan de Desarrollo “Juntos hacia el Futuro 2020-2023” como en el Decreto Municipal 363 de 2021, se incluyeron programas y funciones en materia de innovación, en cuya ejecución se decidió aplicar metodologías de pensamiento de diseño para facilitar la participación de funcionarios públicos, sectores empresariales, académicos y sociales en el diseño de soluciones que pretenden responder a diversos retos del municipio. El presente estudio de caso describe cómo se ha aplicado el pensamiento de diseño para abordar las brechas que, en materia de innovación y dinámica empresarial, presenta Mosquera y, al mismo tiempo, reflexiona si las acciones resultantes han sido coherentes con los intereses y necesidades de los usuarios. Los hallazgos indican que la aplicación del pensamiento de diseño facilitó el abordaje de las problemáticas y el diseño de soluciones creativas e innovadoras desde diversos puntos de vista, demostrando su utilidad para promover la colaboración, desde lo público, en iniciativas que promuevan la innovación local y la dinámica empresarial en el municipio.
Skin care protocol: suggesting a routine
Authors: Hobday Anita
Published: March 2023

Skin care is an essential part of lymphoedema management, and has been classed as one of the ‘four cornerstones of lymphoedema care’ by the British Lymphology Society. However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines and skin care protocols, which advice individuals with lymphoedema on how to look after their affected skin. In this article, Anita Hobday provides guidance on how to create a skin care routine for people affected with lymphoedema.
Effects of Yang-style Tai Chi on body composition and heart rate variability during COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese college students: A preliminary study
Authors:   Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Graduate school, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Wang Min , Konharn Kurusart ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Buranarugsa Rojapon ,   Physical Education Program, Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Wanpen Sawitri ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Chi Shuxun ,   School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Zhe Jiang Province, China.
Published: March 2023

Background: COVID-19 restrictions have further reduced college students’ opportunities for physical activity (PA), and problems related to physical and physiological health of college students have become increasingly serious. Studying the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on body composition and heart rate variability can provide insights into the potential benefits of TC as a form of exercise. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 6-week 24-forms Yang-style Tai Chi (YTC) on body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) among college students. Materials and methods: This single-arm, single-blind, pilot study enrolled 6 beginners from 25 individuals. Body composition and HRV were assessed at the beginning and end of the YTC exercise intervention. The intervention was performed twice a week for 6 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes and consisting of warming-up, practice, and cooling-down exercises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: After 6-week TC exercise, BMI (21.00±2.61 to 21.20±2.62 kg/m2) barely changed (p>0.05), while body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate showed a significant change (p<0.05). In addition, the high frequency (6.68±0.40 to 7.05±0.50 nu) of heart rate variability had a positive significant increase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-week TC practice had the benefit of improving HRV, such as high-frequency (HF), in college students, but further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of TC on body composition and HRV during the COVID-19 epidemic.