bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sparse Unmixing of Hyperspectral Data with Noise Level Estimation
Authors: Li Chang , Ma Yong , Mei Xiaoguang , Fan Fan , Huang Jun , Ma Jiayi
Published: November 2017

Recently, sparse unmixing has received particular attention in the analysis of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, traditional sparse unmixing ignores the different noise levels in different bands of HSIs, making such methods sensitive to different noise levels. To overcome this problem, the noise levels at different bands are assumed to be different in this paper, and a general sparse unmixing method based on noise level estimation (SU-NLE) under the sparse regression framework is proposed. First, the noise in each band is estimated on the basis of the multiple regression theory in hyperspectral applications, given that neighboring spectral bands are usually highly correlated. Second, the noise weighting matrix can be obtained from the estimated noise. Third, the noise weighting matrix is integrated into the sparse regression unmixing framework, which can alleviate the impact of different noise levels at different bands. Finally, the proposed SU-NLE is solved by the alternative direction method of multipliers. Experiments on synthetic datasets show that the signal-to-reconstruction error of the proposed SU-NLE is considerably higher than those of the corresponding traditional sparse regression unmixing methods without noise level estimation, which demonstrates the efficiency of integrating noise level estimation into the sparse regression unmixing framework. The proposed SU-NLE also shows promising results in real HSIs.
Tactile Evaluation Feedback System for Multi-Layered Structure Inspired by Human Tactile Perception Mechanism
Authors: Hashim Iza Husna Mohamad , Kumamoto Shogo , Takemura Kenjiro , Maeno Takashi , Okuda Shin , Mori Yukio
Published: November 2017

Tactile sensation is one type of valuable feedback in evaluating a product. Conventionally, sensory evaluation is used to get direct subjective responses from the consumers, in order to improve the product’s quality. However, this method is a time-consuming and costly process. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel tactile evaluation system that can give tactile feedback from a sensor’s output. The main concept of this system is hierarchically layering the tactile sensation, which is inspired by the flow of human perception. The tactile sensation is classified from low-order of tactile sensation (LTS) to high-order of tactile sensation (HTS), and also to preference. Here, LTS will be correlated with physical measures. Furthermore, the physical measures that are used to correlate with LTS are selected based on four main aspects of haptic information (roughness, compliance, coldness, and slipperiness), which are perceived through human tactile sensors. By using statistical analysis, the correlation between each hierarchy was obtained, and the preference was derived in terms of physical measures. A verification test was conducted by using unknown samples to determine the reliability of the system. The results showed that the system developed was capable of estimating preference with an accuracy of approximately 80%.
The Role of Mobile Technology in Tourism: Patents, Articles, News, and Mobile Tour App Reviews
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Kim Sungbum
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research is to identify the status and role of mobile technology in achieving sustainable and smart tourism, and to suggest future research and strategy directions for academia and managers in practice. This research utilized multiple sources, such as patents, academic articles, and news, and selected methodologies optimized for the purpose of each study. Study 1 used Netminer, a social network analysis program, to analyze the relationships between patent’s International Patent Classification (IPC) codes. Study 2 used the T-LAB program for content analysis to analyze the texts of patents, journal articles, and news. Study 3 used the Leximancer program, which utilizes relative frequency to analyze mobile app consumer reviews. In study 1, we identified various forms of data related technologies and mobile technologies for smart city systems and maps. In study 2, we found the environment, sustainability, business, and market themes to be related to mobile technology. In study 3, we explored consumers’ attitudes and preferences for mobile travel app using their reviews. Advances in mobile technology are expected to create innovative experiences for consumers, foster a sustainable competitive advantage for tourism destinations and tourism-related suppliers, and create sustainable competencies for smart tourism.
Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Bovine Macrophages after Exposure to the Penicillium Mycotoxins Citrinin and/or Ochratoxin A
Authors: Brennan Kristen , Oh Se-Young , Yiannikouris Alexandros , Graugnard Daniel , Karrow Niel
Published: November 2017

Mycotoxins produced by fungal species commonly contaminate livestock feedstuffs, jeopardizing their health and diminishing production. Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins produced by Penicillium spp. and commonly co-occur. Both CIT and OTA can modulate immune response by inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation, altering cell metabolism, and triggering programmed cell death. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sublethal exposure (i.e., the concentration that inhibited cell proliferation by 25% (IC25)) to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA on the bovine macrophage transcriptome. Gene expression was determined using the Affymetrix Bovine Genome Array. After 6 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively, was as follows: 1471 genes (822 up-regulated, 649 down-regulated), 5094 genes (2611 up-regulated, 2483 down-regulated) and 7624 genes (3984 up-regulated, 3640 down-regulated). Of these, 179 genes (88 up-regulated, 91 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. After 24 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA the number of DEG, respectively, was as follows: 3230 genes (1631 up-regulated, 1599 down-regulated), 8558 genes (4167 up-regulated, 4391 down-regulated), and 10,927 genes (6284 up-regulated, 4643 down-regulated). Of these, 770 genes (247 up-regulated, 523 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. The categorization of common biological functions and pathway analysis suggests that the IC25 of both CIT and OTA, or their combination, induces cellular oxidative stress, a slowing of cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Collectively, these effects contribute to inhibiting bovine macrophage proliferation.
Multi-Level Contact Oxidation Process Performance When Treating Automobile Painting Wastewater: Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community Structures
Authors: Zhu Yufang , Zhu Tong , Groetzbach Michael , Han Hui , Ma Yongguang
Published: November 2017

This study applied a multi-level contact oxidation process system in a pilot-scale experiment to treat automobile painting wastewater. The experimental wastewater had been pre-treated through a series of physicochemical methods, but the water still contained a high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and had poor biodegradability. After the biological treatment, the COD concentration of effluent could stay below 300 mg/L. The study analyzed the effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT) on COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN). The optimal HRT was 8 h; at that time, removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were 83.8%, 86.3%, and 65%, respectively. The system also greatly reduced excess sludge production; the removal efficiency was 82.8% with a HRT of 8 h. The study applied high-throughput pyrosequencing technology to evaluate the microbial diversity and community structures in distinct stages of the biological reactor. The relevance between process performance and microbial community structure was analyzed at the phylum and class level. The abundant Firmicutes made a large contribution to improving the biodegradability of painting wastewater through hydrolysis acidification and reducing sludge production through fermentation in the biological reactor.
Seasonal Water Exchanges between China’s Poyang Lake and Its Saucer-Shaped Depressions on River Deltas
Authors: Wu Guiping , Liu Yuanbo
Published: November 2017

The saucer-shaped depressions located at the river deltas of Poyang Lake are typical floodplain shallow sub-lakes subject to river-lake connection or isolation. The hydrological connectivity between these depressions and the main lake has a major influence on the hydrologic function and ecological integrity of the lake-floodplain and associated wetland habitats. This study explored the water level fluctuations and water exchange processes between the Poyang Lake and three typical saucer-shaped depressions, using a 30-min temporal resolution of water level observations during 2015–2016. Our results showed that the water level correlation and hydrological connectivity between the main lake and its depressions displayed a strong seasonal and spatial signal. Temporally, the rainfall significantly influences the seasonality and frequency of water level fluctuations both in the main lake and the depressions. The correlation coefficient of the water level ordered from high to low occurred during the high-water period, the rising-water period, the falling-water period and the low-water period, respectively. Spatially, depressions with a shorter connection duration to the main lake are located at higher local elevation and at larger geographical distance from the main lake. Finally, we also discussed the implications of these findings and possible factors that could have caused these particular water regime characteristics and water exchange processes.
Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips
Authors: Tewari Sumit , Bastiaans Koen M , Allan Milan P , van Ruitenbeek Jan M
Published: November 2017

Scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) are used extensively for studying and manipulating matter at the atomic scale. In spite of the critical role of the STM tip, procedures for controlling the atomic-scale shape of STM tips have not been rigorously justified. Here, we present a method for preparing tips in situ while ensuring the crystalline structure and a reproducibly prepared tip structure up to the second atomic layer. We demonstrate a controlled evolution of such tips starting from undefined tip shapes.
Sulfation and amidinohydrolysis in the biosynthesis of giant linear polyenes
Authors: Hong Hui , Samborskyy Markiyan , Usachova Katsiaryna , Schnatz Katharina , Leadlay Peter F
Published: November 2017

Clethramycin from Streptomyces malaysiensis DSM4137, and mediomycins (produced together with clethramycin from Streptomyces mediocidicus), are near-identical giant linear polyenes apparently constructed from, respectively, a 4-guanidinobutanoate or 4-aminobutanoate starter unit and 27 polyketide extender units, and bearing a specific O-sulfonate modification at the C-29 hydroxy group. We show here that mediomycins are actually biosynthesised not by use of a different starter unit but by direct late-stage deamidination of (desulfo)clethramycin. A gene (slf) encoding a candidate sulfotransferase has been located in both gene clusters. Deletion of this gene in DSM4137 led to accumulation of desulfoclethramycin only, instead of a mixture of desulfoclethramycin and clethramycin. The mediomycin gene cluster does not encode an amidinohydrolase, but when three candidate amidinohydrolase genes from elsewhere in the S. mediocidicus genome were individually expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed, only one of them (medi4948), located 670 kbp away from the mediomycin gene cluster on the chromosome, catalysed the removal of the amidino group from desulfoclethramycin. Subsequent cloning of medi4948 into DSM4137 caused mediomycins A and B to accumulate at the expense of clethramycin and desulfoclethramycin, respectively, a rare case where an essential biosynthetic gene is not co-located with other pathway genes. Clearly, both desulfoclethramycin and clethramycin are substrates for this amidinohydrolase. Also, purified recombinant sulfotransferase from DSM4137, in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate as donor, efficiently converted mediomycin B to mediomycin A in vitro. Thus, in the final steps of mediomycin A biosynthesis deamidination and sulfotransfer can take place in either order.
OGLE-2016-BLG-0613LABb: A Microlensing Planet in a Binary System
Authors: Han C. , Udalski A. , A. Gould , Lee C.-U. , Shvartzvald Y. , Zang W. C. , Mao S. , Kozłowski S. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Kim D. , Kim H.-W. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim S.-L. , Kim D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Pietrukowicz P. , Poleski R. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Novati S. Calchi , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Howell S. B. , Jacklin S. ,   (The UKIRT Microlensing Team), Penny M. T. , Fouqué P. , Wang T. S. ,   (CFHT-K2C9 Microlensing Collaboration)
Published: November 2017

We present the analysis of OGLE-2016-BLG-0613, for which the lensing light curve appears to be that of a typical binary-lens event with two caustic spikes but with a discontinuous feature on the trough between the spikes. We find that the discontinuous feature was produced by a planetary companion to the binary lens. We find four degenerate triple-lens solution classes, each composed of a pair of solutions according to the well-known wide/close planetary degeneracy. One of these solution classes is excluded due to its relatively poor fit. For the remaining three pairs of solutions, the most-likely primary mass is about

, while the planet is a super Jupiter. In all cases, the system lies in the Galactic disk, about halfway toward the Galactic bulge. However, in one of these three solution classes, the secondary of the binary system is a low-mass brown dwarf, with relative mass ratios (1:0.03:0.003), while in the two others the masses of the binary components are comparable. These two possibilities can be distinguished in about 2024 when the measured lens-source relative proper motion will permit separate resolution of the lens and source.
Many-body Forces in Magnetic Neutron Stars
Authors: Gomes R. O. , Franzon B. , Dexheimer V. , Schramm S.
Published: November 2017

In this work, we study in detail the effects of many-body forces on the equation of state and the structure of magnetic neutron stars. The stellar matter is described within a relativistic mean field formalism that takes into account many-body forces by means of a nonlinear meson field dependence on the nuclear interaction coupling constants. We assume that matter is at zero temperature, charge neutral, in beta equilibrium, and populated by the baryon octet, electrons, and muons. In order to study the effects of different degrees of stiffness in the equation of state, we explore the parameter space of the model, which reproduces nuclear matter properties at saturation, as well as massive neutron stars. Magnetic field effects are introduced both in the equation of state and in the macroscopic structure of stars by the self-consistent solution of the Einstein–Maxwell equations. In addition, the effects of poloidal magnetic fields on the global properties of stars, as well as density and magnetic field profiles, are investigated. We find that not only different macroscopic magnetic field distributions but also different parameterizations of the model for a fixed magnetic field distribution impact the gravitational mass, deformation, and internal density profiles of stars. Finally, we show that strong magnetic fields significantly affect the particle populations of stars.
Test Particle Energization and the Anisotropic Effects of Dynamical MHD Turbulence
Authors: González C. A. , Dmitruk P. , Mininni P. D. , Matthaeus W. H.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we analyze the effect of dynamical three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence on test particle acceleration and compare how this evolving system affects particle energization by current sheet interaction, as opposed to frozen-in-time fields. To do this, we analyze the ensemble particle acceleration for static electromagnetic fields extracted from direct numerical simulations of the MHD equations, and compare it with the dynamical fields. We show that a reduction in particle acceleration in the dynamical model results from particle trapping in field lines, which forces the particles to be advected by the flow and suppresses long exposures to the strong electric field gradients that take place between structures and generate (among other effects) an efficient particle acceleration in the static case. In addition, we analyze the effect of anisotropy caused by the mean magnetic field. It is well known that for sufficiently strong external fields, the system experiences a transition toward a two-dimensional flow. This causes an increment in the size of the coherent structures, resulting in a magnetized state of the particles and a reduction in particle energization.
A Rogues’ Gallery of Andromeda's Dwarf Galaxies. I. A Predominance of Red Horizontal Branches
Authors: Martin Nicolas F. , Weisz Daniel R. , Albers Saundra M. , Bernard Edouard , Collins Michelle L. M. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Laevens Benjamin , Lewis Geraint F. , Mackey A. Dougal , McConnachie Alan , Rich R. Michael , Skillman Evan D.
Published: November 2017

We present homogeneous, sub-horizontal branch photometry of 20 dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies of M31 observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. Combining our new data for 16 systems with archival data in the same filters for another four, we show that Andromeda dwarf spheroidal galaxies favor strikingly red horizontal branches or red clumps down to ∼104.2
L
⊙ (M

V
 ∼ −5.8). The age-sensitivity of horizontal branch stars implies that a large fraction of the M31 dwarf galaxies have extended star formation histories (SFHs), and appear inconsistent with early star formation episodes that were rapidly shutdown. Systems fainter than ∼105.5
L
⊙ show the widest range in the ratios and morphologies of red and blue horizontal branches, indicative of both complex SFHs and a diversity in quenching timescales and/or mechanisms, which is qualitatively different from what is currently known for faint Milky Way (MW) satellites of comparable luminosities. Our findings bolster similar conclusions from recent deeper data for a handful of M31 dwarf galaxies. We discuss several sources for diversity of our data such as varying halo masses, patchy reionization, mergers/accretion, and the environmental influence of M31 and the Milky Way on the early evolution of their satellite populations. A detailed comparison between the histories of M31 and MW satellites would shed signifiant insight into the processes that drive the evolution of low-mass galaxies. Such a study will require imaging that reaches the oldest main-sequence turnoffs for a significant number of M31 companions.
The Stellar Content of the Infalling Molecular Clump G286.21+0.17
Authors: Andersen M. , Barnes P. J. , Tan J. C. , Kainulainen J. , Marchi G. de
Published: November 2017

The early evolution during massive star cluster formation is still uncertain. Observing embedded clusters at their earliest stages of formation can provide insight into the spatial and temporal distribution of the stars and thus probe different star cluster formation models. We present near-infrared imaging of an 8′ × 13′ (5.4 pc × 8.7 pc) region around the massive infalling clump G286.21+0.17 (also known as BYF73). The stellar content across the field is determined and photometry is derived in order to obtain stellar parameters for the cluster members. We find evidence for some sub-structure (on scales less than a parsec in diameter) within the region with apparently at least three different sub-clusters associated with the molecular clump based on differences in extinction and disk fractions. At the center of the clump we identify a deeply embedded sub-cluster. Near-infrared excess is detected for 39%–44% in the two sub-clusters associated with molecular material and 27% for the exposed cluster. Using the disk excess as a proxy for age, this suggests the clusters are very young. The current total stellar mass is estimated to be at least 200 M
⊙. The molecular core hosts a rich population of pre-main-sequence stars. There is evidence for multiple events of star formation both in terms of the spatial distribution within the star-forming region and possibly from the disk frequency.
An Assessment of and Solution to the Intensity Diffusion Error Intrinsic to Short-characteristic Radiative Transfer Methods
Authors: Peck C. L. , Criscuoli S. , Rast M. P.
Published: November 2017

Radiative transfer coupled with highly realistic simulations of the solar atmosphere is routinely used to infer the physical properties underlying solar observations. Due to its computational efficiency, the method of short-characteristics is often employed, despite it introducing numerical diffusion as an interpolation artifact. In this paper, we quantify the effect of the numerical diffusion on the spatial resolution of synthesized emergent intensity images, and derive a closed form analytical model of the diffusive error made as a function of viewing angle when using linear interpolation. We demonstrate that the consequent image degradation adversely affects the comparison between simulated data and observations away from disk center, unless the simulations are computed at much higher intrinsic resolutions than the observations. We also show that the diffusive error is readily avoided by interpolating the simulation solution on a viewing angle aligned grid prior to computing the radiative transfer. Doing this will be critical for comparisons with observations using the upcoming large aperture telescopes—the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope and the European Solar Telescope.
Reconstruction of a Large-scale Pre-flare Coronal Current Sheet Associated with a Homologous X-shaped Flare
Authors: Jiang Chaowei , Yan Xiaoli , Feng Xueshang , Duan Aiying , Hu Qiang , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi
Published: November 2017

As a fundamental magnetic structure in the solar corona, electric current sheets (CSs) can form either prior to or during a solar flare, and they are essential for magnetic energy dissipation in the solar corona because they enable magnetic reconnection. However, the static reconstruction of a CS is rare, possibly due to limitations that are inherent in the available coronal field extrapolation codes. Here we present the reconstruction of a large-scale pre-flare CS in solar active region 11967 using an MHD-relaxation model constrained by the SDO/HMI vector magnetogram. The CS is associated with a set of peculiar homologous flares that exhibit unique X-shaped ribbons and loops occurring in a quadrupolar magnetic configuration.This is evidenced by an ’X’ shape, formed from the field lines traced from the CS to the photosphere. This nearly reproduces the shape of the observed flare ribbons, suggesting that the flare is a product of the dissipation of the CS via reconnection. The CS forms in a hyperbolic flux tube, which is an intersection of two quasi-separatrix layers. The recurrence of the X-shaped flares might be attributed to the repetitive formation and dissipation of the CS, as driven by the photospheric footpoint motions. These results demonstrate the power of a data-constrained MHD model in reproducing a CS in the corona as well as providing insight into the magnetic mechanism of solar flares.
Reassessment of an Origin of the Radio Structure of J1420–0545
Authors: Jamrozy M. , Machalski J. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Intema H. T.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we test the possibility that the structure of the largest radio galaxy J1420−0545 may have been formed by restarted rather than primary jet activity. This hypothesis was motivated by the unusual morphological properties of the source consisting of two edge-brightened, narrow, highly collinear, and symmetric lobes, thus suggesting an almost ballistic propagation of powerful jets into a particularly low-density external medium. New observations made with the VLA together with the currently available gleam and TGSS ADR1 data releases allow the detection of an excess emission at low frequencies. An extracted part (88 MHz–200 MHz) of the spectrum of the emission is fitted with the dynage model, giving a forecast for the environmental conditions and the energetic requirements for the presumed old cocoon related to a preceding epoch of jet activity.
Inflows in the Inner White-light Corona: The Closing-down of Flux after Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Hess P. , Wang Y.-M.
Published: November 2017

During times of high solar activity, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph C2 coronagraph has recorded multitudes of small features moving inward through its

field of view. These outer-coronal inflows, which are concentrated around the heliospheric current sheet, tend to be poorly correlated with individual coronal mass ejection (CME) events. Using running-difference movies constructed from Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory/COR1 coronagraph images taken during 2008–2014, we have identified large numbers of inward-moving features at heliocentric distances below

, with the rate increasing with sunspot and CME activity. Most of these inner-coronal inflows are closely associated with CMEs, being observed during and in the days immediately following the eruptions. Here, we describe several examples of the pinching-off of tapered streamer structures in the wake of CMEs. This type of inflow event is characterized by a separation of the flow into incoming and outgoing components connected by a thin spike, which is interpreted as a continually elongating current sheet viewed edge-on; by the prior convergence of narrow rays toward the current sheet; and by a succession of collapsing loops that form a cusp-shaped structure at the base of the current sheet. The re-forming streamer overlies a growing post-eruption arcade that is visible in EUV images. These observations provide support for standard reconnection models for the formation/evolution of flux ropes during solar eruptive events. We suggest that inflow streams that occur over a relatively wide range of position angles result from the pinching-off of loop arcades whose axes are oriented parallel rather than perpendicular to the sky plane.
Supernova-regulated ISM. V. Space and Time Correlations
Authors: Hollins J. F. , Sarson G. R. , Shukurov A. , Fletcher A. , Gent F. A.
Published: November 2017

We apply correlation analysis to random fields in numerical simulations of the supernova-driven interstellar medium (ISM) with the magnetic field produced by dynamo action. We solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a shearing Cartesian box representing a local region of the ISM, subject to thermal and kinetic energy injection by supernova explosions, and parameterized, optically thin radiative cooling. We consider the cold, warm, and hot phases of the ISM separately; the analysis mostly considers the warm gas, which occupies the bulk of the domain. Various physical variables have different correlation lengths in the warm phase:

40
,
50

, and

60

pc

for the random magnetic field, density, and velocity, respectively, in the midplane. The correlation time of the random velocity is comparable to the eddy turnover time, about

10

7

year

, although it may be shorter in regions with a higher star formation rate. The random magnetic field is anisotropic, with the standard deviations of its components

b

x

/

b

y

/

b

z

having approximate ratios

0.5

/

0.6

/

0.6

in the midplane. The anisotropy is attributed to the global velocity shear from galactic differential rotation and locally inhomogeneous outflow to the galactic halo. The correlation length of Faraday depth along the z axis,

120

pc

, is greater than for electron density,

60
–
90

pc

, and the vertical magnetic field,

60

pc

. Such comparisons may be sensitive to the orientation of the line of sight. Uncertainties of the structure functions of synchrotron intensity rapidly increase with the scale. This feature is hidden in a power spectrum analysis, which can undermine the usefulness of power spectra for detailed studies of interstellar turbulence.
The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: Observations of Hierarchical Dense Gas Structures in Cepheus-L1251
Authors: Keown Jared , Di Francesco James , Kirk Helen , Friesen Rachel K. , Pineda Jaime E. , Rosolowsky Erik , Ginsburg Adam , Offner Stella S. R. , Caselli Paola , Alves Felipe , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , Punanova Anna , Redaelli Elena , Seo Young Min , Matzner Christopher D. , Chen Michael Chun-Yuan , Goodman Alyssa A. , Chen How-Huan , Shirley Yancy , Singh Ayushi , Arce Hector G. , Martin Peter , Myers Philip C.
Published: November 2017

We use Green Bank Ammonia Survey observations of NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) emission with 32″ FWHM resolution from a ∼10 pc2 portion of the Cepheus-L1251 molecular cloud to identify hierarchical dense gas structures. Our dendrogram analysis of the NH3 data results in 22 top-level structures, which reside within 13 lower-level parent structures. The structures are compact

and are spatially correlated with the highest H2 column density portions of the cloud. We also compare the ammonia data to a catalog of dense cores identified by higher-resolution (18.″2 FWHM) Herschel Space Observatory observations of dust continuum emission from Cepheus-L1251. Maps of kinetic gas temperature, velocity dispersion, and NH3 column density, derived from detailed modeling of the NH3 data, are used to investigate the stability and chemistry of the ammonia-identified and Herschel-identified structures. We show that the dust and dense gas in the structures have similar temperatures, with median T
dust and T

K
measurements of 11.7 ± 1.1 K and 10.3 ± 2.0 K, respectively. Based on a virial analysis, we find that the ammonia-identified structures are gravitationally dominated, yet may be in or near a state of virial equilibrium. Meanwhile, the majority of the Herschel-identified dense cores appear to be not bound by their own gravity and instead confined by external pressure. CCS (20 − 10) and HC5N

emission from the region reveal broader line widths and centroid velocity offsets when compared to the NH3 (1, 1) emission in some cases, likely due to these carbon-based molecules tracing the turbulent outer layers of the dense cores.
A Pediatrician's Take on a Few Common Infant Urologic and Gynecologic Issues
Authors: Fernandez Sabrina
Published: November 2017

Urologic and gynecologic issues are common in a pediatric primary care office. This article focuses on the evaluation and management of a few common diagnoses in infants and young children: fetal hydronephrosis, labial adhesions, physiologic phimosis, and hydrocele. This article can help pediatricians decide when these common issues can be managed in the primary care office and when they need subspecialty guidance.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e397–e399.]
Names in Literary Translation: A Case Study of English Versions of the Slovenian Tale Martin Krpan
Authors: Mazi – Leskovar Darja
Published: November 2017

This article presents three English translations of the Slovenian tale Martin Krpan z Vrha (1858) by Fran Levstik and focuses on the translation of personal and geographical names with the aim of examining the application of domestication and foreignization translation strategies. The comparative analysis of the English names aims to find out if the cultural gap between the source and the target cultures has been diminishing over the years. The study also highlights the role of the chronotope that gives the work, one of the most frequently translated Slovenian texts, a distinctive cultural character.
Die Darstellbarkeit des Bösen: Zu George Taboris Holocaust-Literatur
Authors: Virant Špela
Published: November 2017

Das künstlerische Schaffen George Taboris lässt sich nicht nur einer Kunstgattung oder einer Nationalliteratur zuordnen, doch gerade seine Interdisziplinarität und sein Kosmopolitismus leisteten im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert einen wichtigen Beitrag zur europäischen Kultur. Im Beitrag wird sein Stück Mein Kampf aus einer interkulturellen Perspektive im Kontext der jüdisch-deutschen Beziehungen in Österreich der Nachkriegszeit betrachtet. Die Uraufführung des Stücks, das gegen die Mythisierung Hitlers und die Viktimisierung der Juden anschreibt, fand in einer Zeit statt, in der der Opfer-Status des österreichischen Staates ins Wanken geriet und das Judentum in Wien neues Selbstbewusstsein erlangte.
The Iconic American Western in Film and Literature
Authors: Shehzad Zaidi Ali
Published: November 2017

This essay examines representative stories of the American Western genre in both film and literature in light of various literary influences, including The Bible and classical epics such as Gilgamesh, The Iliad, and The Odyssey. These stories relate the dynamic tensions of characters caught between righteous and unrighteous anger, between home and longing for the road, and between the imperative to survive and the impulse to sacrifice oneself for others.
How does soil water availability control phytotoxic O3 dose to
montane pines? Modelling and experimental study from two
contrasting climatic regions in Europe
Authors: Bičárová Svetlana , Sitková Zuzana , Pavlendová Hana , Fleischer Jr. Peter , Fleischer Sr. Peter , Dalstein-Richier Laurence , Ciriani Marie-Lyne , Bytnerowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Montane forests are exposed to high ambient ozone (O3) concentrations that may adversely affect physiological processes in internal cells when O3 molecules enter the plants through the stomata. This study addresses the model results of Phytotoxic Ozone Dose metric (POD) based on estimation of stomatal O3 flux to dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) and Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra). We focused on two different bioclimatic regions: (1) the temperate mountain forests in the High Tatra Mts (SK–HT) of the Western Carpathians, and (2) the Mediterranean forests of the Alpes–Mercantour (FR–Alp) in the Alpes–Maritimes. Field measurement of O3 concentration and meteorological data incorporated into deposition model DO3SE showed lower O3 flux in FR–Alp than in SK–HT plots for the 2016 growing season. Model outputs showed that soil humidity play a key role in stomatal O3 uptake by montane pines at the alpine timberline. We found that temperate climatic conditions in SK–HT with sufficient precipitation did not limit stomatal conductivity and O3 uptake of P. mugo and P. cembra. On the other hand, the Mediterranean mountain climate characterised by warm and dry summer reduced stomatal conductance of pines in FR–Alp. POD without threshold limitation i.e. POD0 as a recently developed biologically sounded O3 metric varied near around and below critical level (CLef) depending upon different conditions of sunshine exposure in SK–HT plots. Field observation at these plots showed relatively weak visible O3 injury on P. cembra (2 % and 7 %) when compared with P. mugo (8 % and 18 %) for one year (C+1) and two year (C+2) old needles, respectively. Despite of low POD0 values, clearly below CLef, the highest level of visible O3 damage on average from 10 % (C+1) to 25 % (C+2) was observed on P. cembra needles in Mediterranean (FR–Alp) area. Further research is needed to clarify the effect of real soil moisture regime on stomatal closure in dry areas (FR–Alp) and resistance of pine species against visible O3 injury in wet subalpine zones (SK–HT). More attention should be paid to O3 fluxes covering a year-round growing season as well as intra-daily dynamics, especially the night hours, since these time spans appear to play significant role in O3 uptake by mountain conifers.
One year monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil-gas station in northwest China
Authors: Zheng Huang , Kong Shaofei , Xing Xinli , Mao Yao , Hu Tianpeng , Ding Yang , Li Gang , Liu Dantong , Li Shuanglin , Qi Shihua
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation, and processing in oil-gas regions can release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the atmospheric behaviors of VOCs in such region, the fifty-six VOCs designed as the photochemical precursors by the United State Environmental Protection Agency were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014–August 2015) by a set of on-line monitor system at an oil-gas station in northwest China. The VOC concentrations in this study were 1–50 times higher than those measured in many other urban and industrial regions. The VOC compositions were also different from other studies with alkanes contributing up to 87.5 % of the total VOCs in this study. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity method, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups to the ozone formation potential. The photochemical reaction, meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and wind speed) and boundary layer height were found to influence the temporal variations of VOCs at different time scales. The positive matrix factorization analysis showed that the natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining process, and asphalt contributed 62.6 %, 21.5 %, 10.9 %, 3.8 %, and 1.3 %, respectively to the total VOCs on the annual average. Clear temporal variations differed from one source to another was observed, due to their differences in source emission strength and the influence of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function and contribution weighted trajectory models based on backward trajectories indicated that five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4 %–74.6 % to the VOCs. This research filled the gaps in understanding the VOCs in the oil-gas field region, where exhibited different source emission behaviors compared with the urban/industrial regions.
Using lagged dependence to identify (de)coupled surface andsubsurface soil moisture values
Authors: Carranza Coleen D. U. , van der Ploeg Martine J. , Torfs Paul J. J. F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recent advances in radar remote sensing popularized mapping of surface soil moisture at different spatial scales. Surface soil moisture measurements are used in combination with hydrological models to determine subsurface soil moisture values. However, variability of soil moisture across the soil column is important for estimating depth-integrated values as decoupling between surface and subsurface can occur. In this study, we employed new methods to investigate the occurrence of (de)coupling between surface and subsurface soil moisture. Lagged dependence was incorporated in assessing (de)coupling with the idea that surface soil moisture conditions will be reflected at the subsurface after a certain delay. An exploratory step using residuals from a fitted loess function was performed as a posteriori information to determine (de)coupled values. The main approach was applying a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to simultaneously represent both functional relation and lag structure. Both methods allow for a range of (de)coupled soil moisture values to be quantified. Results provide new insights on the decoupled range as its occurrence is not limited to dry conditions.
Cultivando relaciones sociales. Lo común y lo “comunitario” a través de la experiencia de dos huertos urbanos de Madrid
Authors: Del Viso Nuria , Fernández Casadevante José Luis , Morán Nerea
Published: November 2017

Esta investigación etnográfica se centra en los huertos urbanos comunitarios con el objetivo de examinar en qué consiste su dimensión comunitaria y analizar de qué maneras se expresa. Para ello, el artículo aborda estas cuestiones desde un punto de vista socioespacial explorando las formas de producción de comunidad a través de la organización, relaciones, prácticas y discursos de los participantes. Se aborda la relación y apropiación del espacio urbano, produciendo lugar como un modo de construir comunidad. La comunidad resultante presenta algunos rasgos particulares, como la revalorización de la categoría de proximidad al tiempo que se desarrollan los lazos translocales, o la diversificación de formas de participación, que incluye formatos tanto presenciales como virtuales. El texto es un doble caso de estudio y comparación en dos huertos urbanos comunitarios de Madrid.
Corpus-based Research on lexical Features of English Abstract in Postgraduates’ Thesis of Fashion Majors
Authors: Zi Weili
Published: November 2017

English abstract is the accurate summarization of an article. English Abstract writing ability is a must for postgraduates of fashion majors. This paper analyzes the features of lexical usage in English abstract of fashion-major postgraduates’ thesis in terms of lexical variability and lexical density with help of corpus methodology. A small-scale corpus of 50 abstracts is built with the name English Abstract of Postgraduates’ Thesis for Fashion Majors (EAPFM), which is collected from a random sample of 126 English abstracts of postgraduates’ thesis between 2013 and 2015, 50 English abstracts of English Speaking Experts (EAESE) are taken as reference corpus. When analyzing the modal verbs, British Academic Written English (BAWE) is adopted as the reference corpus. The research result shows that the lexical coverage rate of academic words from English abstract of English-speaking experts is greater than that from fashion-major postgraduates’ English abstract. The total types of English-speaking experts’ abstracts are more than that of fashion-majors’. The frequency of the eight central modal verbs except shall from British Academic words corpus and English abstract corpus of fashion majors exhibit significant differences. What’s more, central modal verbs should and will are overused while would is less used in English abstract of postgraduates’ theses of fashion majors. Modal verb can is most frequently used by those of fashion majors because they are more self-assured for their research topics. This research is to strengthen the awareness of correctly used academic words of those postgraduates of fashion majors, and improve their academic writing ability by providing postgraduate teaching reform with the necessary data evidence.
Canine Hepatitis Associated with Intrahepatic Bacteria in Three Dogs
Authors: Im Joon , Burney Derek P. , McDonough Sean P. , Nicholson Brigid , Eatroff Adam , Simpson Kenneth W.
Published: November 2017

This case report describes the detection of intrahepatic bacteria in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections from three dogs with neutrophilic, pyogranulomatous, or lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis. In each of these cases, eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled colocalization of intrahepatic bacteria with neutrophilic and granulomatous inflammation in samples that were negative for bacteria when evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathology augmented with histochemical stains. Positive responses to antimicrobial therapy were observed in of 2 out of 2 patients that were treated with antimicrobials. These findings suggest that eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections is more sensitive than conventional histochemical stains for the diagnosis of bacteria-associated canine hepatitis.
In Vitro Evaluation of Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes as a Closed-Suction Surgical Drain Reservoir
Authors: Heiser Brian , Okrasinski E.B. , Murray Rebecca , McCord Kelly
Published: November 2017

The initial negative pressures of evacuated blood collection tubes (EBCT) and their in vitro performance as a rigid closed-suction surgical drain (CSSD) reservoir has not been evaluated in the scientific literature despite being described in both human and veterinary texts and journals. The initial negative pressures of EBCT sized 3, 6, 10, and 15 mL were measured and the stability of the system monitored. The pressure-to-volume curve as either air or water was added and maximal filling volumes were measured. Evacuated blood collection tubes beyond the manufacture’s expiration date were evaluated for initial negative pressures and maximal filling volumes. Initial negative pressure ranged from −214 mm Hg to −528 mm Hg for EBCT within the manufacturer’s expiration date. Different pressure-to-volume curves were found for air versus water. Optimal negative pressures of CSSD are debated in the literature. Drain purpose and type of exudates are factors that should be considered when deciding which EBCT size to implement. Evacuated blood collection tubes have a range of negative pressures and pressure-to-volume curves similar to previously evaluated CSSD rigid reservoirs. Proper drain management and using EBCT within labeled expiration date are important to ensure that expected negative pressures are generated.
Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update
Authors: Applegate Rory , Olin Shelly , Sabatino Bethany
Published: November 2017

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma in the Dog and Cat: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vinayak Arathi , Worley Deanna R. , Withrow Stephen J. , Adams Dustin S. , Powers Barbara E.
Published: November 2017

This retrospective case series describes seven dogs and one cat diagnosed with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, an uncommon, aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma. The purpose of the study is to describe clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of this tumor. Medical records and the diagnostic laboratory database at Colorado State University from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed and complete medical records were available for the eight animals in this report. Similar to what has been reported in people, poor long-term survival and high metastatic rate, particularly to the lungs, was observed in our case series. A bimorphic pattern on imaging (radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI) consisting of mineralized and nonmineralized areas was seen mirroring the high-grade sarcomatous component adjacent to a low-grade chondroid component seen histopathologically. A review of the human literature including suspected etiology, imaging findings, histopathology, and survival times with various treatment options is presented. This article describes the first reported cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in the veterinary literature. Early accurate recognition could lead to treatment plans tailored to this variant.
GROWTH OF LNG GAS MARKET AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN TRANSPORT
Authors: Bogusz Adam
Published: November 2017

The aim of the article is to present the possibility of reducing the negative impact of vehicles on the human environment. The article presents the directions of the development of methane storage and transport technology as a fuel for the supply of vehicles of different branches of transport.