bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Making for Insurance Eligibility based on Mortality Differential in Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Winda Syafnides , Kwon Hyuk-Sung
Published: April 2024

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore are each at different stages of economic development, all have achieved sufficient size and economic strength that they are being prospected by several global life insurance and life annuities. Their economies have speedily been moving out of their traditional agrarian bases and becoming far more urbanized and industrialized. This study aims to compare the characteristics of various mortality risk factors between three countries in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore) and analyze differences in mortality rates for the development of the life insurance business
Early Childhood Mobile Puzzle Game for Learning Hijaiyah Letters
Authors: Pujiyono Wahyu , Robi'in Bambang , Seran Halima Tus’ Adia
Published: April 2024

The use of Arabic in Muslim worship activities is the main and dominant thing to do, especially in the activities of praying and reading the Qur'an. The Arabic language in these two activities is presented in Hijaiyah letters, so that the ability to read Hijaiyah letters is very obligatory and necessary for Muslims from an early age, through learning and playing activities. Salman Al Farisi I Kindergarten in the Yogyakarta area, Indonesia, has taught its students to learn to read Hijaiyah letters. One of the learning activities to recognize Hijaiyah letters is a puzzle game. This study aims to develop a multimedia application for learning Hijaiyah letters. The application was developed according to the needs of early childhood with the concept of a learning environment and playing through smartphone devices. User-Centered Design (UCD) was used in this study which consisted of six steps: Identifying Needs, Determining Context of Use, Determining Needs, Generating Solution Design, Design Evaluation, and Implementation. This research produces applications that suit system requirements and user needs with good multimedia quality. The results of testing the quality of multimedia show that the application gets a score of 4.53 out of a scale of 5. This score shows that the application has a very good rating.
Investigating Student Learning Outcome using Quizziz in Engineering Students
Authors: Inderanata Rochmad Novian
Published: April 2024

Material control throughout the manufacturing and distribution process is a cycle that needs to be considered in material handling and technology identification so that the production system in the automation industry runs according to its workflow. Industrial automation in vocational learning must be provided so that students have insight related to the field of automation. Vocational learning needs to use appropriate and modern media in the era of digitalization. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Quizizz media for industrial automation learning outcomes. The research design used was a one-group pretest posttest pre-experimental design. The sample group used was 66 students of industrial automation courses in the Mechanical Engineering Vocational Education Study Program. The research method used is the T test. The T test is used to determine the average posttest value. The level of statistical significance used is 5% (alpha). From the results of the study, it was found that there was an increase in insight related to transport equipment; storage systems; unitizing equipment; identification and tracking systems; and automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). The use of quizizz media has a role in active, interactive, fun, and modern learning in the era of digitalization.
Impact of Banking Fraud Awareness Booklet Among The Students of Satara
Authors: Samidha Samidha Walvekar
Published: April 2024

With the growth of information and communication technology, the structure and nature of financial services delivery has also changed. Online banking or internet banking has emerged as a new and convenient way for using financial services like funds transfer, viewing account statement, bill payment, use of e-wallets etc. An upsurge in the use of devices connected with the internet and the convenience of online financial services has increased the risk of our hard-earned money being duped by cybercriminals.

The main aim of this study is to assess the impact of Banking fraud awareness Booklet regarding online among students of Satara.

 The objectives of this study are to assess knowledge regarding awareness of online banking frauds among college going students, to determine the effectiveness of information booklet among college going students and also to find out association between socio-demographic variables and the booklet.

The results show the significant increase in mean scores as (mean pre 16.92 SD=2.591 to mean post 18.32 SD=1.842). The paired 't' test applied showed the calculated paired t value (5.291 at 0.05 level of significance). The study reveals that there is association between, class, department & course of the subjects and level of knowledge regarding awareness on online banking frauds.

The information booklet was effective in improving the knowledge of awareness regarding online banking frauds among the Undergraduate students.

Keywords: Online banking frauds, Banking fraud awareness booklet.
Forensic Digital Analysis of Telegram Applications Using the National Institute Of Justice and Naïve Bayes Methods
Authors: Apriyani Meyti Eka , Maskuri Rahmad Alfian , Ratsanjani M.Hasyim , Pramudhita Agung , Rawansyah Rawansyah
Published: April 2024

Currently, Telegram is an instant messaging application that is often used by the Indonesian people as a means of long-distance communication with other users. Telegram also has good security features to protect all data from its users. However, Telegram has a positive impact on its users. This security feature can be used by several people to protect against digital crimes, especially cases of sexual harassment. To overcome the existing crimes, analysis, and forensic methods are needed to help solve crimes. This research is guided by the investigation process using the National Institute Of Justice (NIJ) method and the Naïve Bayes method to classify the conversations found. It can be concluded that MOBILedit Forensic Express has a poor performance in finding digital evidence in the Telegram application and FTK Imager is very good at finding digital evidence in the Telegram application. In this research, the classification process using the Naïve Bayes method has been able to classify conversations that contain sexual harassment or not. Evaluation of the classification method uses a confusion matrix to determine the best classification model.
Social Media Metadata Forensic Ontology Model
Authors: Tuharea Ibnu Rohan , Luthfi Ahmad , Ramadani Erika
Published: April 2024

The escalating use of compact electronic gadgets like smartphones and smartwatches, along with social media platforms, has led to a new dimension of criminal activities. Advancements in digital forensics, which investigates digital evidence, have become noteworthy. Researchers David Christopher Harrill and Richard P. Mislan devised Small-Scale Digital Device Forensics (SSDDF) for examining miniature digital devices used in criminal undertakings. Edlira Kalemi and Sule Yildirim-Yayilgan demonstrated the application of ontology in social media forensics, deciphering Android system frameworks related to social media data extraction. However, their investigations mainly focused on social media, overlooking the role of gadgets used by criminals and victims. Extracting digital data from these devices remains pivotal for securing relevant evidence from social media. Notwithstanding, incorporating SSDDF and understanding Android system structures have significantly contributed to digital forensic methodologies. These enhancements can bolster the investigation process, capturing and analyzing critical digital evidence from compact electronic appliances and social media platforms. The advent of SSDDF and elucidating Android system structures have offered invaluable inputs to digital forensics, enhancing efficacy in amassing significant evidence from small electronic devices and social media platforms.
Personalized Medicine of flecainide (The Impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 Polymorphism on Responses to Flecainide)
Authors: Sutrisna EM
Published: April 2024

Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) class IC that has a narrow therapeutic index. The enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 are thought to catalyse the metabolism of this medication. This gene's polymorphism permits metabolic adjustments and modifies the pharmacokinetic profile. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacological response to flecainide within the human body. Using the search terms "flecainide and CYP2D6; "flecainide and CYP1A2," papers on PubMed and Science Direct were found for the review. When the terms "flecainide and CYP2D6" were searched for in PubMed for all publications published between 2000 and 2023, 23 results were identified; when the same terms were searched on SD (Research article & English version), 97 results were found, just 13 of which were open access. With the keyword "flecainide and CYP1A2" in PubMed, a search of all articles published from 1995 to 2023 there were 7 articles and 52 articles in SD (Research article & English version), meanwhile open access were 8 articles. We add several articles other than PubMed and SD. The kinetic profile of flecainide is influenced by CYP2D6 gene polymorphism, however the effect of CYP1A2 gene polymorphism on flecainide is unknown due to a lack of studies.
Human Hand Movement Classification based on EMG Signal using different Feature Extractor
Authors: Shilaskar Swati , Bhatlawande Shripad , Chavare Ranveer , Ingale Aditya , Joshi Rushikesh , Vaishale Aditya
Published: April 2024

Electromyography (EMG) based hand movement classification plays a significant role in various fields, namely in prosthetics, rehabilitation, biomechanics, etc. This paper presents the study of EMG-based hand movement classification of 3 human hand gestures (hand at rest, wrist flexion, and wrist extension). The dataset was officially collected from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. The dataset contains 8 channels and 3 classes representing 3 human hand gestures, with 15000 rows of EMG data for each class. The dataset obtained was raw and unprocessed, to filter this dataset Notch and Butterworth filters were used. After filtering, the sliding window was performed. Various feature extraction techniques, namely frequency domain features (FD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were applied separately on the window dataset and then accuracy was tested on different classifiers, namely random forest (RF), k- nearest neighbor (KNN), and decision tree (DT). As a novel approach, time domain (TD) and DWT extracted features were fused together and then given to the classifiers to test accuracy. Among all these feature extractors, the features extracted by FD provided the highest accuracy of 81.69 for the RF classifier.
Analysis of Eeg Data Using Different Techniques of Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd. Maroof , Kidwai Mohd. Suhaib , Srivastava Geetika , Singh K. K. , Charan Piyush
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the application of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques in the examination of electroencephalogram (EEG) data. DSP encompasses a collection of mathematical algorithms designed to employ signals, such as EEG recordings, and finds application in diverse domains, including sleep medicine, neuroscience, and biomedical engineering. Employing DSP methods for EEG data analysis enables the extraction of pertinent insights from EEG signals, the identification of event-related patterns, and the enhancement of diagnostic and therapeutic practices across various disciplines. This article provides an overview of prevalent DSP methodologies employed in EEG signal processing, encompassing filtering, power spectral analysis, wavelet analysis, independent component analysis, and artifact removal.
Sequence of Simple Digital Technologies for Detection of Platelets in Medical Images
Authors: Babker Asaad Ma. , Suliman Rania Saad , Elshaikh Rabab Hassan , Boboyorov Sardor , Lyashenko Vyacheslav
Published: April 2024

Platelets play an important role in the diagnosis and detection of various diseases, the course of the disease in the future, and the possibility of justifying treatment methods. In this aspect, platelet counting is of key importance. For these purposes, it is important to correctly identify such objects. This served as the basis for the development and generalization of an appropriate medical image analysis procedure. The purpose of this study is to construct a generalized procedure for platelet identification in medical digital images. The work examined at least 30 images containing objects such as platelets. These images are approximately the same type, but with different intensity of the presence of the main objects in the blood smear. Similar but noisy images are also considered. These images were noisy with different types of noise. Thus, a total of at least 120 images were examined. In general, this allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure for identifying platelets in medical images. This procedure includes simple methods of image analysis such as: binarization, morphological analysis, taking into account the influence of the sizes of different objects and comparative analysis of images at intermediate stages of the study. To summarize the results, estimates such as the percentage of false detection of platelets and the percentage of missed platelets were considered. The platelet identification results that were obtained for non-noisy images are as follows: false platelet isolation was less than 0.1%, missed platelets were within 2-2.5%. The worst result for noisy images is false platelet isolation – within 10% (for images with multiplicative noise), missed platelets – within 7.5-8% (for images with multiplicative noise). It should also be noted that noisy images are characterized by identification of platelets with distortion of their sizes: these sizes are reduced or increased. The percentage of such distortions does not exceed 1.3% (for images with Poisson noise).The problematic aspects of platelet identification in digital medical images are considered. Particular attention is paid to simple methods of digital image processing. Among the problematic aspects of the proposed approach there is a need to clearly take into account the geometric dimensions of platelets. The results obtained are acceptable and can be used as the basis for an automated blood smear analysis system.
Evaluation of Anti-epileptic Effect of Sinapis alba using Maximal Electroshock Seizure Model
Authors: Nayak Gayatri R , Hegde Shreya , Shenoy Smita , Rao KG Mohandas , Reddy K Shivakumar , Nayyer Shoa , V Manju
Published: April 2024

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder, prompting an ongoing quest for new therapeutic agents. Sinapis alba, commonly known as yellow mustard, has garnered interest for its potential medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-convulsant potential of Sinapis alba in rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats were categorized into 5 distinct experimental groups (six each) : a normal control, a disease control, a group administered Sinapis alba seed oil (200mg/kg body weight), another given sodium valproate (300mg/kg body weight), and a combination group receiving both Sinapis alba seed oil and sodium valproate (150mg/kg body weight each). Antioxidant markers were subsequently extracted from the brain samples, and cresyl violet staining was employed to discern pathological changes. Results: The findings revealed a significant diminution in the durations of flexion, clonic convulsion, and stupor in the test, standard, and combination groups in contrast with the disease control. Additionally, the duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE) noted a substantial decrease in the Sinapis alba group, sodium valproate group, and combination group. Moreover, the administration of Sinapis alba seed oil led to an elevation in antioxidant levels and a concomitant reduction in lipid peroxide levels. Intriguingly, a synergistic effect on generalized tonic-clonic seizures was observed upon integrating mustard oil with sodium valproate. Conclusion: Our research suggests that Sinapis alba seed extract demonstrates promising anti-epileptic properties and stands as a potential supplementary drug for managing generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Serum Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Among Children with Epilepsy in Bangalore
Authors: S Dr. Dwajani. , Ravi Lavanya , CM Dr. Bindu. , Prema. R Dr
Published: April 2024

In India, there are more than 12 million people diagnosed with epilepsy, and contributes nearly to the one sixth of global burden. Over 60% of diagnosis for epilepsy is done in childhood; hence, it is of major importance to pediatricians. we aimed to assess the levels of Vitamin B12 and Folic acid among children with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs like Carbamazepine, Sodium Valproate and Levetiracetam monotherapy for >1 year. A total of 77 children with epilepsy (<18 years), on monotherapy with SV, CBZ, LEV, for minimum one year, were enrolled after obtaining consent from the parent/guardian. Children with co morbid condition like chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, those children who were on multiple AED’s, and children receiving treatment for <1year were excluded from the study. Out of the 77 patients, who were selected for the study, 46 were males and 31 were females. There has been a significant association between duration of treatment and Vitamin B12 and levels of Folic acid. There is also enough evidence to show that age of the patient and Folic acid levels are dependent variables. The proportion of children developing deficiency of Vitamin B12 or Folic acid after treatment with LEV is greater than the proportion treated with CBZ. The proportion of patients developing deficiency of Folic acid after treatment with LEV is greater than the same proportion after treatment with CBZ. Though there were a few significant findings as reported, we, the authors, feel that the study should be continued to ascertain if the AED’s have a significant role in Vitamin B12 and Folic acid metabolism and supplementation should be advised along with the AED’s.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion Bulbs (Allium chinense G.Don.) against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.
Authors: Octiara Essie , Sipangkar Asima Larasati , Prist Lora
Published: April 2024

Background: S.mutans is the main pathogen causing caries, while E.faecalis is the dominant microorganism in dental root canals. Batak onion is one of Indonesia's biological resources frequently used as condiments by Batak tribes and possesses antibacterial compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Aims: To analyze antibacterial activity test based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and antibiofilm from 70% ethanol extract of Batak onion bulbs against S.mutans and E.faecalis. Material and Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group design. Determination of MIC by Kirby Baurer disc diffusion method, determination of MBC by streaking method, and colony tests are calculated using colony counters, determination of antibiofilm by Static Microtiter Plate Assays method, and checking the optical density at around 600nm. Data analysis of MIC, MBC, and antibiofilm using Oneway Anova and Post Hoc LSD tests. Results: MIC on S.mutans and E.faecalis was at a concentration of 0.78% with an average of one of inhibition of 9.00 ± 0.43 mm and 8.06 ± 0.20 mm; no MBC was found because no group was able to reduce bacteria 98-98%, Batak onion bulb extract has antibiofilm ability starting at a concentration of 0.78% with the ability to reduce S.mutans bacteria by 84.55% and 85.73% on E.faecalis. Conclusion: 70% ethanol extract of Batak onion bulbs can inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm of S.mutans and E.faecalis. The recommended dose for antibacterial and antibiofilm is a 6.25-50% concentration.
Therapeutic Potential of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Seeds Extract Treatment on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy and Trichinella spiralis Infected Mice
Authors: Alghabban Areej Jameel M.
Published: April 2024

The smallest known human nematode parasite is Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). A parasitic zoonosis that can be found anywhere in the world is trichinellosis. When a host consumes raw meat contaminated with Trichinella larvae, the larvae mature into adults in the host's stomach in 5 to 6 days. The females subsequently give birth to additional larvae, some of which eventually make it to muscle cells after travelling through blood channels. These cells allow infective larvae to survive for years because, after two to three weeks, the larvae become infectious and the host cell transforms into a nurse cell. The current study used parasitological assessment to count adult worms and encysted larvae at 5 weeks after infection (5WPI) to determine the effect of coriander seeds extract (CSE) against encysted larvae further to hematological and biochemical tests. Current results revealed that; Trichinella spiralis experimentally infection (5WPI) induced significant elevation in white blood cells (WBCs) counts, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil percentage, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine and a significant depletion hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet count (PLT), lymphocytes percentage, albumin, total proteins as compared to control and CSE groups. Meanwhile, treatments of 5WPI with CSE (5WPI+CSE) revealed a significant reduction in the number of Trichinella spiralis encysted larvae and improvements in all hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions as compared to 5WPI. We can conclude that; CSE could be an alternative method for treatment against trichinellosis.
Influence of Allium Sativum on the Hypoglycaemic Activity of Gliclazide in Normal Rats: A Possible Approach to Herb-Drug Interaction
Authors: Aminabee Shaik , Shankar K. Ravi , Lakshm KNV Chenchu , Saritha K. , Kavya R. , Babu K. Chaitanya , Dasari Santhi Krupa
Published: April 2024

This study depicts the selected dose of Allium sativum (104 mg/kg body weight) on the hypoglycemic activity of preferred dose of gliclazide which are studied in normal wistar rats. Materials required for the study are procured from Sai Chemicals, Visakhapatnam, India. Mature wistar rats of both the sex were used for the study. Prior to the trial the rats were confined for 18 hr with access to water ad libitum. During the study water was removed. Orally gliclazide was administered at 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg body weight to I, II and III groups respectively. Blood samples are taken by retro-orbital puncture at intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 & 16 hr and blood glucose levels were determined by GOD/POD method. The acute dose of Allium sativum when given along with gliclazide increased the hypoglycemic activity of gliclazide at 2nd, 6th and 8th hr intervals but it was significant at 2nd hr only and the effect was shown to be reduced at all other ie., 1st, 3rd, 10th and 12th hr time intervals. The aqueous extract of Allium sativum is influencing the absorption pattern of gliclazide since it was reported to have an increasing motility of the gastro intestinal tract.
Differential Status of Serum Arginine, Arginase and Nitric Oxide in Patients of Chronic and Advanced Stage Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Narawade Sharwari Y. , Kadam Charushila Y. , Abhang Subodhini A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by deterioration of endothelial function which is associated with reduced availability of nitric oxide. The objective of the study was to assess the differential status of the serum levels of arginine, arginase, NO, urea and creatinine in CKD patients not on hemodialysis and in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis. Material and Methods: In this case control study, clinically diagnosed 30 CKD patients (group I), 30 ESRD patients before hemodialysis (Group II), 30 patients with ESRD after first hemodialysis (group III) and 30 patients with ESRD after second hemodialysis (Group IV) were included. 30 healthy volunteers were included for comparison. Serum arginine, arginase, nitric oxide, urea and creatinine were estimated by colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated to determine the severity of renal dysfunction. A significantly decreased serum arginine and nitric oxide levels whereas significantly increased serum arginase levels were observed in ESRD patients when compared to levels in CKD patients. Serum creatinine levels were significantly decreased after second hemodialysis. But there was no significant change in the serum levels of arginine, arginase and nitric oxide in ESRD patients after first and second hemodialysis compared to pre-dialysis group. Conclusion: The findings of the study throw light upon the differential status of serum arginine, arginase and nitric oxide in CKD and in ESRD patients. The evaluation of decreased nitric oxide levels coupled with elevated arginase activity may help in assessing progression of CKD to ESRD along with traditional markers of kidney function. Additionally, evaluation of serum arginase activity may provide useful prognostic information, with large study group and further follow-up, in hemodialysis patients.
Identification of vanA gene on Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Diabetic Ulcer Isolate at Lampung Province
Authors: Soleha Tri Umiana , Sutyarso Sutyarso , Sukohar Asep , Sumardi Sumardi , Hadi Sutopo
Published: April 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria that causes an increasing number of infections in hospitals, particularly in diabetic ulcers. Over the last few decades, there has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of pathogen strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to antibiotics such as Vancomycin. This study aimed to identify the presence of the vanA gene, which is responsible for the mode of Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Lampung isolate. Ulcer swab was collected from 32 patients with ulcer complications from surgical Installation, Internal Medicine, Home Diabetes Wound Clinic and Diabetes Wound Center in Bandar Lampung. Among the total ulcer swab, 12 samples of S. aureus were identified and subjected to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test to identify Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and evaluated the vanA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction. To detect the presence of the vanA gene, a Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed on Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus using a specific primer arrangement. There were two samples of Vancomycin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and one sample of Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test but only one sample tested positive for the vanA gene on Polymerase Chain Reaction. There is Staphylococcus aureus resistance to Vancomycin in Lampung isolate and the vanA gene was detected in some resistant isolates. The arrangement of the vanA gene in the Lampung isolate is different from that of the vanA gene in other places isolates.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Askar Ashraf , El-Sayed Adel , Yosef Lyla , Sabet Eman , Sadek Ahmed , Wafy Wafaa , Girgiss Mina Wassef , Zaki Moushira , Youness Eman R.
Published: April 2024

Microalbuminuria is defined as an elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30-300 g/mg. It has been recognized as a strong indicator of the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Damage to vascular endothelium and systemic inflammation can result from H. Pylori infection. Thus, it stands to reason that the resulting glomerular damage might raise the excretion of albumin in the urine. Our goal was to find out if H. pylori and microalbuminuria are related in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a case – control observational study conducted in 6 months. Random blood glucose, Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and H. Pylori Antigen (H. Pylori antigen) in stool were measured. To minimize possible confounding factors, selecting various matching variables was put consideration when choosing the control group. Therefore, most of the matching variables of the study were comparable in both groups makes the results of studying of H. pylori as a possible risk factor for microalbuminuria greatly accurate. we concluded that H. pylori infection is highly suggested to be an independent risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. As proven by the present work; a highly significant statistical relationship between H. pylori infection and the presence of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes.
In silico and Biochemical Approach for Isolated, Purified, and Characterized Protease Inhibitor from Limonia acidissima
Authors: Kale Prathamesh , Tamboli Ashpak , Manure Javeed , Dake Manjusha
Published: April 2024

Proteases produced by various bacterial and fungal pathogens are associated with pathogenicity and cause septic hazards. Thereby inhibition of such proteases by protease inhibitors from natural sources is effective strategy to combat infectious diseases. Protease inhibitors originating from plant source are abundant in nature and play an important role in defense mechanism against virulent microbes. Many protease inhibitors can be isolated and purified from plant sources and formulated as therapeutic drugs to combat human diseases. In spite of their applications in biomedicines, it is necessary to explore the novel biochemical characteristics of protease inhibitors with improved efficacy. The objective of the current study was extraction, purification and biochemical characterization of protease inhibitor from L. acidissima. The protease inhibitor was isolated from L. acidissima by buffer extraction method and confirmed for anti-protease activity using standard trypsin assay. The inhibitor was found to be active between pH ranging from 5-9 with maximal activity at pH 7. The inhibitor showed thermal stability at a temperature of 50-60°C and retained 70% activity at 50°C for 2 hr. Inhibitor activity was enhanced by thermal stabilizers glycine, urea, Calcium chloride (CaCl2), glycerol, and sucrose at 50°C; metal ions Cu2+ and Al3+ and detergents like Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton-X 100, Tween-80. Protease inhibitor was also stable in the presence of oxidizing and reducing agents Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), β-mercaptoethanol, and Sodium Thioglycolate. Thus, optimization and characterization studies indicate that the isolated inhibitor is active under natural conditions. Protease inhibitor showed positive results for anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities indicating the therapeutic potential of inhibitor molecule. Further identification and separation of bioactive molecules from the buffer extract of L. acidissima was carried out by Flash chromatography followed by Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis that revealed the presence of Diisobutylphthalate as bioactive phytoconstituent. Docking studies performed revealed the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer potential of Diisobutylphthalate. Thus, in silico studies support the activity of our isolated protease inhibitor to ensure a promising future in the development of therapeutics.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extract of Bixa orellana Seeds
Authors: Tonny Tamanna Sharmin , Sarkar Arghya Prosun , Nahar Kamrun , Jahan Sumaira , Afroze Ivana , Sarkar Bidduth Kumar , Roy Matrika Saha
Published: April 2024

Diabetes is considered a serious health problem in Bangladesh and worldwide. The disease is infesting all over the mother earth possessing the most damage associated with physical, mental and financial situation of the population. In this context, it’s truly essential to find an effective, safe yet economically suitable alternative medicine compared to commercially available noxious chemical drugs. Objective: This study aims to find the potential of an alternative natural extract produced from Bixa orellana seeds which is safer and more affordable comparable to the commercially available synthetic agents to reduce Hyperglycemia. It also makes effort to find the seed extracts’ ability to reduce oxidation in comparison to a standard drug, Ascorbic acid. Methodology: This is a Pharmacological study using animal model utilising rat as subjects. The rats were induced as diabetic by injecting alloxan intraperitonially and as treatment Bixa Orellana seed extracts were given to them at 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg doses and compared with the hypogycemic effect of standard anti-diabetic drug, Metformin Hydrochloride at the dose of 100mg/kg. For analyzing the anti-oxidant activity, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay method has been used, where the IC50 values of both the Bixa Orellana seed extract and the reference drug, Ascorbic acid was collated. Results: It was found that the seed extracts used at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg evidently reduced the blood glucose level as opposed to the diabetic control group, more importantly with the rats treated with standard, Metformin Hydrochloride. Therefore, the study revealed that the seed extract can be effectively used to treat diabetic patients without any side effects. This experimentation, also by assessing the IC50 values, disclosed that the Bixa Orellana seed extract has moderate to substantial anti-oxidant potential in contrary to the reference drug.
Prevalence of Antibiotic use in Patients with COVID -19 in a Local Hospital in Kosovo : A Retrospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Alidema Fitim , Hasani Gentijana , Alidema Arieta Hasani , Beqiraj Minire Alilaj-
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a notable escalation in the administration of antibiotics among hospitalized individuals on a global scale. This trend holds the potential to exacerbate the prevailing issue of antibiotic resistance on a worldwide level. Purpose: The overarching purpose of this paper was to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a local hospital in a city of Kosovo during the period October 2020 to January 2021. Methodology: The work retrospectively analyzes the data of patients treated with COVID-19 at a Local Hospital in a city of Kosovo in the internal ward and included 300 patients, where the health records of hospitalized patients were used. Results: Based on the collected data, it appears that the most used empiric antibiotic in the ward was Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone, the duration of the use of antibiotics per day was different in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, starting with Levofloxacin that was given every 24 hours, Imipenem every 12 hours and Ceftriaxone every 8 hours. Reasons for the use of antibiotics were: Disease burden, markers of inflammation, and radiological changes. According to the age group, the most infected group included the age between 51-70 years old with 44% and the smallest percentage was of the age group between 91-100 years old with 2%. Conclusions: The escalation in antibiotic usage among hospitalized patients during the pandemic has also impacted our nation, Kosovo, where such medications were consistently prescribed since the onset of the pandemic. Our observations reveal that Imipenem, Levofloxacin, and Ceftriaxone emerged as the most frequently utilized antibiotics.
In vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity Evaluation of Brassica Rapa Ssp. Chinensis Ethanolic Extract with In Vitro Thrombolytic and Anthelmintic Activity Test
Authors: Amin Md. Nurool , Hussain Fahad , Islam Md. Monirul , Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Islam Md. Mahmodul
Published: April 2024

Objective: Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis is a well-known vegetable plant (Family: Brassicaceae) often grown as a type of Chinese cabbage. The present study was designed to explore the thrombolytic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities of ethanolic extract of the Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis leaves. Methods: The in vitro thrombolytic activity of the leaf extract was evaluated by clot analysis using Streptokinase as a standard drug. The in vitro anthelmintic activity was assessed by applying four different concentrations of the plant extract (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, and 60mg/ml) and recording the time of paralysis and death of worms. Two different doses (100mg/kg and 250mg/kg b.w.) were administered to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by hot plate test in mice by two different doses (200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.). Results: The ethanolic leave extract had thrombolytic action, which broke up blood clots that had already formed. The ethanolic leaf extract showed both paralysis and faster worm death at those concentrations in the anthelmintic test. The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory action in pedal edema compared to the control group. The results show that the highest level of anti-inflammatory action against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema may be achieved with an ethanolic extract of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The proportion of maximum possible effect in the hot plate test was 82.49 percent in the antinociceptive evaluation. Conclusion: The pharmacological test of leaf extract endorsed the clinical uses of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis in treating thrombosis, intestinal worms, and inflammation. Thus, this plant could be subjected to extensive bioactive compounds to discover novel therapeutic agents. Keywords: Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, ethanolic extract, thrombolytic activity, anthelmintic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antinociceptive activity
Revision total hip arthroplasty using a modular fluted, tapered revision femoral component and interlocking screws in Vancouver B3 periprosthetic fractures with insufficient bone at the isthmus
Authors: Fink Bernd , Ahmadian Arman , Sax Florian H. , Schuster Philipp
Published: April 2024

Aims

Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with Vancouver type B3 fractures with Paprosky type IIIA, IIIB, and IV femoral defects are difficult to treat. One option for Paprovsky type IIIB and IV defects involves modular cementless, tapered, revision femoral components in conjunction with distal interlocking screws. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of reoperations and complications and union of the fracture, subsidence of the stem, mortality, and the clinical outcomes in these patients.

Methods

A total of 46 femoral components in patients with Vancouver B3 fractures (23 with Paprosky type IIIA, 19 with type IIIB, and four with type IV defects) in 46 patients were revised with a transfemoral approach using a modular, tapered, cementless revision Revitan curved femoral component with distal cone-in-cone fixation and prospectively followed for a mean of 48.8 months (SD 23.9; 24 to 112). The mean age of the patients was 80.4 years (66 to 100). Additional distal interlocking was also used in 23 fractures in which distal cone-in-cone fixation in the isthmus was < 3 cm.

Results

One patient (2.2%) died during the first postoperative year. After six months, 43 patients (93.5%) had osseous, and three had fibrous consolidation of the fracture and the bony flap, 42 (91.3%) had bony ingrowth and four had stable fibrous fixation of the stem. No patient had radiolucency around the interlocking screws and no screw broke. One patient had non-progressive subsidence and two had a dislocation. The mean Harris Hip Score increased from of 57.8 points (SD 7.9) three months postoperatively to 76.1 points (SD 10.7) 24 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

The 2° tapered, fluted revision femoral component with distal cone-in-cone-fixation, combined with additional distal interlocking in patients with bony deficiency at the isthmus, led to reproducibly good results in patients with a Vancouver B3 fracture and Paprosky type IIIA, IIIB, and IV defects with regard to union of the fracture, subsidence or loosening of the stem, and clinical outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):344–351.
Development and validation of a trauma frailty scale in severely injured patients: the Nottingham Trauma Frailty Index
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah G. , Nightingale Jessica , Norrish Alan , Gladman John R. F. , Ollivere Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Aims

Frailty greatly increases the risk of adverse outcome of trauma in older people. Frailty detection tools appear to be unsuitable for use in traumatically injured older patients. We therefore aimed to develop a method for detecting frailty in older people sustaining trauma using routinely collected clinical data.

Methods

We analyzed prospectively collected registry data from 2,108 patients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to a single major trauma centre over five years (1 October 2015 to 31 July 2020). We divided the sample equally into two, creating derivation and validation samples. In the derivation sample, we performed univariate analyses followed by multivariate regression, starting with 27 clinical variables in the registry to predict Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS; range 1 to 9) scores. Bland-Altman analyses were performed in the validation cohort to evaluate any biases between the Nottingham Trauma Frailty Index (NTFI) and the CFS.

Results

In the derivation cohort, five of the 27 variables were strongly predictive of the CFS (regression coefficient B = 6.383 (95% confidence interval 5.03 to 7.74), p < 0.001): age, Abbreviated Mental Test score, admission haemoglobin concentration (g/l), pre-admission mobility (needs assistance or not), and mechanism of injury (falls from standing height). In the validation cohort, there was strong agreement between the NTFI and the CFS (mean difference 0.02) with no apparent systematic bias.

Conclusion

We have developed a clinically applicable tool using easily and routinely measured physiological and functional parameters, which clinicians and researchers can use to guide patient care and to stratify the analysis of quality improvement and research projects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):412–418.
Doppler-assisted quantum resonances through swappable excitation pathways in Potassium vapor
Authors: Pal Gourab , Gupta S. Dutta , Chaudhuri Saptarishi
Published: April 2024

We report the observation of two additional sub-natural line width quantum interferences in the D2 manifold of 39K vapor, in addition to the usual single Electromagnetically induced transparency peak. The other two features appear exclusively because 39K ground hyperfine splitting is smaller than the Doppler broadened absorption profile. This allows probe and control beams to swap their transition pathways. The control beam detuning captures the nature of the coherence, therefore an unusual phenomenon of conversion from perfect transparency to enhanced absorption is observed and explained by utilizing adiabatic elimination of the excited state in the Master equation. Controlling such dark and bright resonances leads to new applications in quantum technologies viz. frequency offset laser stabilization and long-lived quantum memory.
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with adaptive particle swarm optimization-based radial basis neural network (APSO-RBF) for rapid identification of soils from different regions
Authors: Chen Junjie , Hao Xiaojian , Li Shuaijun , Mo Biming , Ma Junjie , Zheng Wang , Wei HongKai , zhang heng
Published: April 2024

Traditional soil identification methods require a lot of time, while this paper proposes a combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and adaptive particle swarm optimization-based radial basis neural network (APSO-RBF), which is able to quickly and accurately classify soils from different regions, and the experimental results show that the classification accuracy in the test set reaches 99.8148%, which is verified by comparing with the backpropagation ( BP) algorithm, Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Backpropagation (APSO-BP) algorithm and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBF) algorithm, which verifies the powerful classification performance of the model.
CLPREM: A real-time traffic prediction method for 5G mobile network
Authors: Wu Xiaorui , Wu Chunling
Published: April 2024

Network traffic prediction is an important network monitoring method, which is widely used in network resource optimization and anomaly detection. However, with the increasing scale of networks and the rapid development of 5-th generation mobile networks (5G), traditional traffic forecasting methods are no longer applicable. To solve this problem, this paper applies Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, data augmentation, clustering algorithm, model compression, and other technologies, and proposes a Cluster-based Lightweight PREdiction Model (CLPREM), a method for real-time traffic prediction of 5G mobile networks. We have designed unique data processing and classification methods to make CLPREM more robust than traditional neural network models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we designed and conducted experiments in a variety of settings. Experimental results confirm that CLPREM can obtain higher accuracy than traditional prediction schemes with less time cost. To address the occasional anomaly prediction issue in CLPREM, we propose a preprocessing method that minimally impacts time overhead. This approach not only enhances the accuracy of CLPREM but also effectively resolves the real-time traffic prediction challenge in 5G mobile networks.
New strain Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5 produces both brevicidine and brevibacillin, exhibiting distinct antibacterial modes of action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Kim Jeongeun , Kim Jueun , Yun Hyosuk , Ganbaatar Byambasuren , Tahmasebi Aminallah , Seo Sun Il , Kim Pyoung Il , Lee Chul Won
Published: April 2024

The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made it imperative to search for new antimicrobial compounds derived from natural products. In the present study, Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5, isolated from red clay soil, was chosen as the subject for conducting additional antibacterial investigations. The fractions exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity (30% acetonitrile eluent from solid phase extraction) were purified through RP-HPLC. Notably, two compounds (A and B) displayed the most potent antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy and NMR analysis confirmed that compound A corresponds to brevicidine and compound B to brevibacillin. Particularly, brevicidine displayed notable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1–8 μg/mL. On the other hand, brevibacillin exhibited robust antimicrobial effectiveness against both Gram-positive bacterial strains (MIC range of 2–4 μg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC range of 4–64 μg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy analysis and fluorescence assays uncovered distinctive morphological alterations in bacterial cell membranes induced by brevicidine and brevibacillin. These observations imply distinct mechanisms of antibacterial activity exhibited by the peptides. Brevicidine exhibited no hemolysis or cytotoxicity up to 512 μg/mL, comparable to the negative control. This suggests its promising therapeutic potential in treating infectious diseases. Conversely, brevibacillin demonstrated elevated cytotoxicity in in vitro assays. Nonetheless, owing to its noteworthy antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, brevibacillin could still be explored as a promising antimicrobial agent.