bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR KRITIS MURID PADA MUATAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Tabrani  , Idawati  , Muhammad Basri
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan model pembelajaran inkuiri dan model pembelajaran problem based learning  berbantuan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan berfikir kritis murid muatan pelajaran IPS kelas V. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pretest-postest control group design. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah murid kelas V SDN 1 Padduppa pada kelas control dan SDN 260 Lapongkado pada kelas eksperimen. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes hasil belajar untuk mengukur kemampuan berfikir kritis murid dan dokumentasi. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan statistik deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Hasil penelitian Dari nilai ttabel ini dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut:  ttabel dengan taraf signifikansi 5% = 2,0129 > thitung sebesar = 1,379. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan model problem based learning  (PBL) berbantukan media audio visual terhadap kemampuan berfikir kritis murid pada muatan pembelajaran IPS kelas V
INSTRUMEN AWAL IPA SD BERBASIS STEM PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM SISWA FASE C
Authors: Yulianto Feri , Patonah Siti , Sukamto Sukamto
Published: August 2023

Masih jarangnya ketersediaan instrumen awal dalam kurikulum merdeka di Sekolah Dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan instrumen soal IPA SD berbasis STEM pada materi ekosistem siswa fase C, dalam hal untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kualitas soal IPA SD berbasis STEM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V dan VI yang berjumlah 136 siswa dengan jumlah siswa laki-laki 63 dan siswa perempuan 73, melalui convenient sampling. Validasi instrumen menggunakan Indeks Aiken dan analisis RASCH Model dengan menggunakan aplikasi Winsteps 3.73. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan angket. Analisis data dilakukan dengan validasi ahli dan validasi empirik. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan bahwa butir soal yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid dengan rentang 0,78 s.d. 0,82 yang menunjukkan ting-katan sedang sampai dengan tinggi. Hasil analisis RASCH Model menunjukkan semua butir soal yang dikembangkan memiliki reliabilitas tinggi dengan alpha cronbach 0,70 (tinggi). Soal yang dikembangkan juga memenuhi kriteria fit dengan RASCH Model terlihat pada hasil outfit MNSQ pada analisis Misfit order dengan rentang +0,67 s.d. +1,26. Hasil dari item reliabilty 0,69 sedangkan person reliabilty 0,27. Secara keseluruhan membuktikan bahwa instrumen soal IPA SD berbasis STEM pada materi ekosistem siswa fase C yang dikembangkan berkualitas.
"It’s the colonisation of the mind”: How the legacy of the British Empire has impacted the University of Greenwich.
Authors: Imadojemun Mya
Published: August 2023

The aftermath of imperial Britain is entwined with every part of the United Kingdom (UK). Colonial dominion brought on by European sovereignty resulted in slavery, the subjugation of the Global South and a demolishing of indigenous cultures. Widespread entrenched inequalities throughout societal domains are all forms of colonialism. Repercussions of the British Empire are prevalent in education and the fundamental imperialistic philosophies of colonialism have been internalised throughout universities. This research investigated the outcome of these legacies within UK universities, with a focus on the University of Greenwich. This university takes pride in its rich maritime history, but acknowledgement of the ‘less desirable’ side of this past is lacking. The historical iconography of the University of Greenwich is rooted in colonialism, yet not enough light has been shed on this, nor on how it plays a role in perpetuating westernised imperialistic thought in academia. This research used semi-structured interviews with academic staff and students at the University of Greenwich to explore this topic. Thematic analysis revealed insights into how the British Empire continues to affect individuals within the university. It also provided valuable suggestions that include what the university, staff and students can do to confront colonial links.
Exploring humour within the PhD experience: a first-hand reflection
Authors: Peng Sheng-Hsiang Lance
Published: August 2023

This opinion piece presents a reflective analysis that employs three theories in humour research, namely the benign violation theory, the theory of superiority and the ontic-epistemic theory of the comic, in order to delve into the doctoral experience. Using three vignettes, I elucidate the potential role of higher education faculty in facilitating transformative shifts in the perspectives of postgraduate students, enabling them to navigate cognitive dissonance and surmount obstacles in their academic development. This contribution holds practical value for both PhD students and faculty members, fostering opportunities for introspection and critical contemplation.
Reducing disruptive noise in lecture halls by connecting with our students
Authors: Caulker Ewomazino
Published: August 2023

This author argues that, when lecturers establish a safe environment that supports students’ sense of belonging and fosters empathy, disruptive noise in lectures is likely to be reduced. Such a connection may be achieved by considering students’ needs and by embedding socio-emotional learning (SEL) into lecture delivery.
Analysis of single-center Hemophilia A patients :demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment strategies
Authors: Zhao Lidong , Dong Chunxia , Kang Jianmin , Ma Yanchun , Zhang Xialin , Ren Juan , Wang Lingyu , Lu Linna , Fang Shuai , Hu Xuchen , Shen Wukang , Yang Linhua , Wang Gang
Published: August 2023

Background
Hemophilia A (HA) is an x-chromosome-related recessive disorder caused by a defect in the coagulation factor VIII gene, and timely and proper treatment can improve the quality of life of patients.
Objectives
Summarize the epidemiology, disease characteristics, and treatment of single-center HA patients in real-world China.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 662 patients with HA in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University was performed, and the basic information of the patients was summarized using descriptive statistics, and the differences between groups were compared using ANOVA, and the geographical distribution characteristics of patients with HA in Shanxi Province were introduced using heat maps.
Results
662 patients with HA were registered at our center. Most patients had single status, low employment rates, and low educational levels. 85.3% had a moderate to severe HA, 13% had mild HA. Of these, 20.5% of the patients had an active inhibitor. The intron 22 inversion was the most common genetic mutation, accounting for 53.7% of severe HA patients. The joints and muscles were the most common bleeding sites, with 55.1% of the patients having target joints. The mean diagnostic delay time between mild and severe HA was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Regarding treatment, 43.5% of the patients were on prophylactic treatment, usually 2–3 times a week.
Conclusions
Based on the real data of a single center in China, this study shows the realistic situation of Chinese HA patients and has certain clinical significance, and better treatment measures to improve the quality of life of HA patients should be explored in the future.
Investigating whether microRNA-492 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion by targeting neuronal pentraxin 1
Authors: Zhang Jia Yu , Yu Qiong Zhu , Shao Li Li , Wei Wei , Gu Yu Lan , Qiu Jia Ming
Published: August 2023

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types affecting both men and women. MicroRNA-492 (miR-492) plays an important role in the development of various malignant tumours; however, its specific role and related mechanisms in CRC development remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between miR-492 and the prognosis of CRC patients and the specific mechanisms involved in the development of CRC.
Methods
The GSE29622 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to analyse the relationship between the miR-492 expression level and the overall survival of patients with CRC. Forty-four pairs of primary CRC tissues and paired normal tissues were collected. The relationship between the miR-492 expression level and clinicopathological parameters of patients with CRC was analysed using a statistical method. MiRNA quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect miR-492 expression levels in CRC tissues and cell lines. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays were performed to assess cell growth and proliferation, respectively. Transwell assays were performed to analyse the migration and invasion potential of CRC cells. The interaction between miR-492 and three prime untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) was evaluated using a luciferase reporter assay. The expression of NPTX1 in CRC tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR.
Results
MiR-492 could recognise the 3′-UTR of NPTX1 mRNA and directly target and regulate NPTX1 expression, thereby promoting the growth, migration, and invasion of CRC cells.
Conclusions
The ability to mediate the biological behaviour of CRC by targeting NPTX1 makes miR-492 a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Embedding multimodal rehabilitation within routine cancer care in Sheffield – The Active Together service evaluation protocol
Authors: Myers Anna , Humphreys Liam , Thelwell Michael , Pickering Katie , Frith Gabbi , Phillips Gail , Keen Carol , Copeland Robert
Published: August 2023

Background
Approximately three million people in the UK are currently living with or beyond cancer. People undergoing treatment for cancer, particularly those lacking sufficient physiological reserve, are at risk of complications following treatment. Increasing evidence supports the role of rehabilitation (including prehabilitation) for enhancing psychological and physical wellbeing in cancer patients, reducing the negative impact of treatment side-effects and improving outcomes. Active Together is an evidence-based multi-modal rehabilitation service for patients with a cancer diagnosis, embedded within the cancer care pathway. It provides support to patients, helping them prepare for and recover from treatment. This paper presents the protocol for a pragmatic, real-world evaluation of the Active Together service. The primary aim is to determine the impact of the service on patient outcomes, patient-reported outcomes and clinical endpoints, as well as understand processes that influence its delivery and mechanisms that drive observed outcomes.
Methods
The Active Together service evaluation adopts a mixed-methods design, comprising an outcome and process evaluation. Combining both an outcome and process evaluation will ensure that data relating to service implementation is integrated into the analysis of outcome measures. The outcome evaluation will use a single group, longitudinal design to determine changes in outcomes of patients that attend the service, and comparative analysis of healthcare resource use against historical patient data. The process evaluation uses service performance indicators, semi-structured interviews and focus groups to explore mechanisms of action and understand contextual factors influencing delivery and outcomes. Integrating measures of psychological change mechanisms with outcome data might help to clarify complex causal pathways within the service.
Discussion
Evidence to support the role of multi-modal rehabilitation for patients at all stages of their cancer treatment is increasing. The translation of that evidence into practice is less advanced. Findings from this evaluation will contribute to our understanding of the real-world effectiveness of cancer rehabilitation (including prehabilitation) and strengthen the case for widespread uptake and adoption of rehabilitation for people with a cancer diagnosis.
Trial registration:
This service evaluation was registered with the Clinical Effectiveness Unit at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (Reference number 11115).
RETRACTED: Summer temperature variability in the Hindu Kush region of northern Pakistan: Insights from tree rings of Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks since 1790 C.E.
Authors: Asad Fayaz , Adil Muhammad , Shaid Sabrina , Khan Nasrullah , Zhu Haifeng , Huang Ru
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Response of macrobenthic communities to a Spartina alterniflora management project on tidal flats in Hangzhou Bay, China
Authors: Ye Jingyi , Tang Yanbin , Liu Qinghe , Zhang Rongliang , Liao Yibo , Shou Lu , Zeng Jiangning
Published: August 2023

Spartina alterniflora is one of the most invasive plants on Chinese tidal flats. To explore the responses of macrobenthic communities to the removal of S. alterniflora and the restoration of tidal flats, a survey of macrobenthic and sediment environmental factors was carried out in June 2022 in the mudflat recovery area (MRA) of tidal flats on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, China. A proximate natural mudflat area (NMA), S. alterniflora area (SAA) and Scirpus mariqueter area (SMA) were selected for comparison with the MRA. A total of 48 macrobenthic species were identified, with 13, 28, 22 and 21species in the MRA, NMA, SAA and SMA, respectively. Cluster, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and SIMPER analysis suggested that the similarity between macrobenthic communities in the MRA and the NMA was high, whereas the similarity between macrobenthic communities in the MRA and SAA and the MRA and SMA was very low. The similarity between macrobenthic communities in the SAA and the SMA was high. ANOSIM analysis suggested that the differences between regions were greater than those within regions (R = 0.881). The sediment factors in the MRA were substantially different from those in the other three habitats, while the sediment factors in the SMA and the SAA were the most similar. Macrobenthos were mainly affected by the mean diameter of the sediment particles. After 1 year of natural recovery in the MRA, the macrobenthos approached the pre-project levels, but to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment project and prevent the recurrence of S. alterniflora, continuous monitoring should be carried out.
Difficult airway simulation-based training for anaesthesiologists: efficacy and skills retention within six months
Authors: Bielka Kateryna , Kuchyn Iurii , Fomina Hanna , Khomenko Olena , Kyselova Iryna , Frank Michael
Published: August 2023

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate how anaesthesiologists manage a "cannot intubate, can ventilate" (CI) and "cannot intubate, cannot ventilate" (CICV) scenarios, and how following simulation training will improve their guidelines adherence, skills and decision-making straight after training and 6 months later. Methods. A prospective controlled study was conducted from July to December 2022. Anaesthesiologists who applied for the continuous medical education course “Difficult Airway Management” were involved in the study. Each volunteer participated in two simulation scenarios (CI, CICV) with structural debriefing after each scenario. After the first simulation round, volunteers were trained in difficult airway management according to DAS guidelines, using the same equipment as during the simulation. The participants repeated the simulation scenarios the day after the training and six months later. The primary and secondary endpoints were compared between three rounds: initial simulation (Group 1), immediately after training (Group 2), and six months after training (Group 3). Results. A total of 24 anaesthesiologists consented to participate in the study and completed the initial survey form. During the first session, 83.3% of participants had at least one major deviation from the DAS protocol. During the first CICV scenario, 79% of participants made at least one deviation from the DAS protocol. The second time after simulation training, significantly better results were achieved: the number of anaesthesiologists, who attempted more than 3 laryngoscopies decreased (OR = 7 [1.8–26.8], p = 0.006 right after training and OR = 3.9 [1.06–14.4], p = 0.035 6 month later); the number, who skipped the supralaryngeal device attempt, call for help and failure to initiate surgical airway also decreased. Simulation training also significantly decreases the time to call for help, cricotomy initiation time, and mean desaturation time and increases the odds ratio of successful cricotomy placement (OR 0.02 [0.003–0.14], p < 0.0001 right after training and OR = OR 0.02 [0.003–0.16] 6 months after training). Conclusions. Anaesthesiologists usually display major deviations from DAS guidelines while managing CI and CICV scenarios. Simulation training improves their guideline adherence, skills, and decision-making immediately after training and 6 months later. Study registration: NCT05913492, clinicaltrials.gov, 12/6/2023
Fungicides can inhibit mycelial growth but not protect against Ceratocystis fimbriata infection via pruning wounds on kiwifruit vines
Authors: Cassol Sabrina Angela , Santos Samuel A. , Franceschini Marston H. D. , Alexandre Flavia S. , Macedo Davi M. , Pal Chandan , Ponte Emerson M. Del , Alfenas Acelino C. , Alfenas Rafael Ferreira
Published: August 2023

Ceratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is the primary disease affecting kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) and a major constraint for its cultivation and expansion in Brazil. Additionally, it poses a potential threat to other major kiwifruit-producing countries, such as China, New Zealand and Italy, where the disease has not reported on kiwifruit yet. In kiwifruit vines, the infection generally initiates through the roots, but pruning wounds can also serve as an entry point for the pathogen. Currently, there is a dearth of proven effective strategies for controlling this disease, and there is no information on the effectiveness of fungicides for preventing the disease. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of four fungicides: metalaxyl + mancozeb, boscalide + cresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and copper hydroxide, against C. fimbriata isolates. We found that metalaxyl + mancozeb and pyraclostrobin were the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth in vitro. However, when evaluated as wound pruning protectors in two kiwifruit cultivars, these fungicides were not effective. The results found in the in vitro assays can serve as guides for the development of chemical control of Ceratocystis wilt in kiwifruit. Furthermore, as none of the fungicides tested here were effective in protecting pruning wounds against C. fimbriata infection in kiwifruit vines, it is interesting that other active ingredients or application methods are evaluated in further studies.
Consultations about randomised controlled trials are shorter and less in-depth for socio-economically disadvantaged patients compared to socioeconomically advantaged patients: qualitative analysis across three trials
Authors: Popa Mariana , Young Bridget , Rousseau Nikki , Cherry Mary G. , Jenkins Isobel , Cloke Jane , Pettitt Andrew , Jenkinson Michael D. , Ahmed Saiqa , Pemberton Allan R. , Sherratt Frances
Published: August 2023

Background
Patients from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds are underserved in randomised controlled trials, yet they experience a much greater burden of disease compared with patients from socioeconomically advantaged areas. It is crucial to make trials more inclusive to ensure that treatments and interventions are safe and effective in real-world contexts. Improving how information about trials is verbally communicated is an unexplored strategy to make trials more inclusive. This study compared patterns in verbal communication about trials between recruiters and patients from different socioeconomic areas.
Methods
Secondary qualitative analysis of 55 trial consultation transcripts from 41 patients, sampled from three qualitative studies embedded in their respective multi-site, cancer-related randomised controlled trials. Patients living in the most and least socio-economically disadvantaged areas, defined using English Indices of Multiple Deprivation decile scores, were purposively sampled. Analysis was largely thematic and drew on the constant comparison method.
Results
Recruiters communicated clinical uncertainty in a similar way for patients living in different socioeconomic areas. Consultations with disadvantaged patients were, on average, half the duration of those with advantaged patients, and tended to involve recruiters providing less in-depth explanations of trial concepts, used phrasing that softened trial arm risks, and described trial processes (e.g. randomisation) using informal or metaphorical phrasing. Disadvantaged and advantaged patients differed in the concerns they expressed; disadvantaged patients voiced fewer concerns and asked fewer questions but were also less likely to be invited to do so by recruiters.
Conclusion
Interactions about trials unfolded in different ways between patients living in different socioeconomic areas, likely due to both patient- and recruiter-related factors. We present considerations for recruiters when discussing trials with patients from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, aimed at enhancing trial communication. Future research should examine disadvantaged patients’ and recruiters’ experiences of verbal trial communication to inform guidance that addresses the needs and preferences of underserved groups.
Dry eye complaints among teenagers in Kosovo: prevalence and underlying causes
Authors: Mazreku Feim , Berbatovci-Ukimeraj Mimoza , Mazreku Ilir
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The incidence of dry eye disorder has increased concurrently with new technological development, the rapid increase in the use of smart devices, and the popularization of social media, video platforms, and internet browsing. This research aimed to investigate the connections between screen time, dry eye symptoms, and other factors.
Methods
We surveyed a total of 776 participants in three different high schools in Prizren (Kosovo), including 441 (56.89%) female and 335 (43.11%) male participants. The average age of the participants, ranging from 15 to 19, was 16.28 (1.01). Participants were asked about their history of eye disease, diopter level, daily use of technological devices, the length of time they spent on these devices, the impact of these devices on their eye health, their prior knowledge about eye problems, the source of this information, their reasons for using technological devices, and whether they exhibit any of the six prevalent DED symptoms. In addition, a Schirmer test was administered to both eyes.
Results
Almost half of the adolescents reported at least one of the DED symptoms (F = 51.8% and M = 40.7%), and only a small group (F = 26.0% and M = 16.4%) sought medical attention for their symptoms. Schirmer test scores of female participants (Schirmer OD = 13.90 ± 9.13 and OS = 13.93 ± 9.10) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to those of male participants (Schirmer OD = 15.61 ± 9.13, OS = 15.60 ± 9.10) for both eyes.
Conclusion
Amongst the general population, adolescents are the group most exposed to technological development and its possible risks. Screen time exposure is relatively high among adolescents, correlating with the high percentage of reported DED symptoms.
A topological approach for analyzing the protein structure
Authors: Mamouni My Ismail , LAMINE Zakaria , MANSOURI Mohammed Wadia
Published: August 2023

Persistent homology is a new tool from algebraic topology, showing until nowadays a lot of success when it comes to application in biology since this latest use metrics only for measuring similarities, Embedding the geometric details and focusing on the global shape is the key point making the success of persistent homology as an efficient topological data analysis tool. In this work we will be confirming the latest assumption (topology embeds geometry) by analyzing the structure of COILED SERINE which is a protein estimated to constitute 3-5 percent of the encoded residues in most genomes, and giving a substitute of the optimal characteristic distance that can be used in the flexibility-rigidity index, a classic method used to simulate molecule movements and flexible behavior, when it comes to atomic rigidity functions. We will also analyze interesting patterns in the binding site of the beta sheet generated from the pdb file 2JOX. We will be detecting and giving a simple description of different patterns generated by using javaplex generating barcodes and persistent diagrams as a summary statistics.
[AMS classification]55N31, 62R40, 62R07
Risk factors associated with sleep-disordered breathing in professional truck drivers whose collisions were attributed to microsleep-related behaviors while driving
Authors: Sawatari Hiroyuki , Kumagai Hajime , Kawaguchi Kengo , Kiyohara Yuka , Konishi Noriyuki , Arita Aki , Hayashi Mitsuo , Shiomi Toshiaki
Published: August 2023

This retrospective study assessed the association between overnight pulse oximetry parameters, including subjective daytime sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and dashcam footages of confirmed truck collisions attributed to microsleep-related behaviors at the wheel (TC-MRBs) among professional truck drivers. The study included 108 matched professional truck drivers with and without TC-MRBs (TC-MRBs: N = 54; non-TC-MRBs: N = 54). ESS and overnight pulse oximetry parameters were considered associated factors. In the TC-MRBs group, microsleep-related behaviors were confirmed by dashcam video footage in all collisions. The mean age and body mass index of participants were 41.9 ± 11.3 years and 23.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2, respectively (males: 100.0%, night-time drivers: 30.6%). Night-time driving, 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and nadir oxygen saturation (SpO2) were associated with TC-MRBs (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 25.63 [5.88–111.77], p < 0.0001; OR [95%CI]: 1.25 [1.01–1.56], p = 0.045; OR [95%CI]: 1.15 [1.00–1.31], p = 0.04, respectively). The area under the curve of TC-MRBs for 4%ODI and nadir SpO2 were 0.50 and 0.57, respectively (4%ODI: sensitivity = 0.30, specificity = 0.85; nadir SpO2: sensitivity = 0.36, specificity = 0.85). The mean SpO2, 3%ODI, or ESS were not associated with TC-MRBs. In contrast, although the sensitivity of TC-MRBs using 4%ODI or nadir SpO2 was poor, 4%ODI and nadir SpO2 were associated with TC-MRBs.
Capabilities of using UAVs and terrestrial photogrammetry to determine short-term soil losses in forest road cut slopes in semi-arid mountainous areas
Authors: Turk Yilmaz , Ozcelik Vuralhan , Akdumam Emirhan
Published: August 2023

The soil losses that are caused should be examined by monitoring the forest roads in the periods after they are built. In traditional soil loss determination studies that require intensive labour, due to difficulties in parcel setup, leaks from the connection points of the system, overflow of the material in the storage units and regular follow-up of the precipitation, etc., the system has its disadvantages. In this study, studies were carried out to evaluate the possibilities of using UAV and terrestrial photogrammetric methods, which are remote sensing techniques, and to determine the soil losses in forest road cut slopes in semi-arid mountainous areas. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed. A 100-meter section of the secondary forest road was chosen as the study area. Data acquisition was carried out by UAV and terrestrial photogrammetric methods in the period of May 2020-November 2020. In the results of the study, the volumetric deformation per unit area results, a -0.0060 m3m− 2 erosion amount and a 0.0046 m3m− 2 accumulation amount were determined by UAV. In addition, in the photogrammetric method, a -0.0050 m3m− 2 erosion amount and a 0.0031 m3m− 2 accumulation amount were found. When both methods were compared temporally, the processes took approximately 2 times longer in the terrestrial photogrammetry method. In addition, while the ground sampling distance of DEMs and orthophotos produced with the UAV was 2 cm, it was obtained as 1 cm in the terrestrial photogrammetry method, and terrestrial receptions were found to be 2 times higher resolution. According to the results obtained, the terrestrial photogrammetric method gives results that are more accurate in such studies.
Use of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (Spict™) for End-of-life Discussions: a Scoping Review
Authors: Mahura Melanie , Karle Brigitte , Dick-Smith Felicity , Sayers Louise , Elliott Rosalind
Published: August 2023

Background
In order to mitigate the distress associated with life limiting conditions it is essential for all health professionals not just palliative care specialists to identify people with deteriorating health and unmet palliative care needs and to plan care. The SPICT™ tool was designed to assist with this.
Aim
The aim was to examine the impact of the SPICT™ on advance care planning conversations and the extent of its use in advance care planning for adults with chronic life-limiting illness.
Methods
In this scoping review records published between 2010 and 2022 reporting the use of the SPICT™, were included unless the study aim was to evaluate the tool for prognostication purposes. Databases searched were EBSCO Medline, PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, APA Psych Info, ProQuest One Theses and Dissertations Global.
Results
From the search results 23 records were reviewed, including one systematic review, two theses and 20 primary research studies. Much of the research was derived from primary care settings. There was evidence that the SPICT™ assists conversations about advance care planning specifically discussion and documentation of advance care directives, resuscitation plans and preferred place of death. The SPICT™ is available in at least eight languages (many versions have been validated) and used in many countries.
Conclusions
Use of the SPICT™ appears to assist advance care planning. It has yet to be widely used in acute care settings and has had limited use in countries beyond Europe. There is a need for further research to validate the tool in different languages.
Adopting molecular-tagging velocimetry for high-resolution measurements of oscillating grid turbulence
Authors: Ramesh Bhaarath , Klewicki Joseph C. , Philip Jimmy
Published: August 2023

Single-component molecular tagging velocimetry (1c-MTV) experiments are conducted in an oscillating grid turbulence facility to systematically clarify the trade-offs between maximizing measurement dynamic range and minimizing measurement uncertainty. The primary aim is to obtain reliable turbulence data with the maximum possible vector resolution (Δx1). Four optical magnifications (M0 =0.11, 0.22, 0.45, 1.11) with four interframe time delay (Δt) values, for each optical magnification case, ranging from 3 ms to 10 ms, are investigated. The grid oscillates with a frequency (f ) of 3.2 Hz and 4.1 Hz, and a single fixed stroke length (S) of 55 mm. The measurement quality is quantified using three important turbulence descriptors—the second-order transverse velocity correlation function (〈g(r)〉), the second-order transverse velocity structure function (〈[Δgu]2〉), and the turbulence energy dissipation rate (〈ε〉). Other descriptors such as the longitudinal integral length scale (l ) and the lon gitudinal Taylor microscale (λ) are also used to compare with reference values reported in literature. The degree of agreement with the refer ence values from literature, and insensitivity of the descriptor estimates to different MTV design parameters are used to determine the most robust means of obtaining high-resolution turbulence data from 1c-MTV. The experimental design parameters are contextualized using the Kol mogorov length (η), time (τη) and velocity (uη) scales that are based on the most reliable 〈ε〉estimates from the current experiments. The pixeldisplacement corresponding to uη (Δx2η ) describes the interdependencies between M0 and Δt. The data set with M0=0.45 (η=18Δx1 for f =3.2 Hz, and η=13Δx1 for f =4.1 Hz) represents the most reliable and the highest resolution case. This conclusion was deduced by taking the per formance of all the turbulence descriptors into account. As far as the interframe time delay is concerned, Δt ≥ 4 ms (Δx2η ≥ 0.5 pixels) works well for all M0. To the authors’ knowledge, the present study documents the first instance of a series of 1c-MTV experiments conducted for a sys tematic clarification of the nature of balancing the available dynamic range and the measurement uncertainty. Additionally, since the study involves turbulent flow with negligible mean-flow, it serves as an adequate representation of 1c-MTV performance in a three-dimensional flow.
Optimization of Hydrophobic Lime Putty Enriched with Sesame Oil for In-situ Preparation of Restoration Mortars
Authors: Pahlavan Parsa
Published: August 2023

The use of organic fatty acids as additives in historic mortars presents a technical challenge, particularly when oils need to be added on site. This study presents a solution to this problem by formulating hydrophobic lime putty enriched with sesame oil and evaluating air lime mortars containing the new lime putty. The results show that the mortars containing the new lime putty exhibit substantial hydrophobic effects that are comparable to those of mixes with conventional lime putty and additive oil. The soundness of the oiled lime putty was confirmed 12 months after synthesis, demonstrating its long-term viability. The proposed method offers a feasible approach for in-situ applications and contributes to the preservation of historic masonry structures.
A Small and Highly Efficient Four-Element Antenna for Modern Wireless Applications
Authors: Krishnamoorthy R. , Balaram Allam , Kumar Ushus S. , Kapali B Suresh Chander , Sagar K. V. Daya , Nancharaiah B
Published: August 2023

This article discusses a compact and versatile quad-port dual-band printed antenna designed for 5G, V2X, and WLAN/Wi-Fi 6E applications. The antenna is printed on a 75mm x 75mm FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6mm. It operates efficiently within the 5G spectrum (3.2–3.8 GHz) and the upper WLAN band (5.2–6.86 GHz) with a 10 dB impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna covers a wide range of current and future frequency bands for 4G and 5G applications, making it highly versatile. Despite keeping the antenna components at a minimum distance, it achieves excellent isolation performance, exceeding 13 dB. This results in a high radiation efficiency of 89% and substantial gain of approximately 4.8 dBi across the applicable range. In order to assess the performance of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, several metrics including Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), channel capacity and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) were computed, according to the specifications outlined in the MIMO standard. After thorough examination, the suggested antenna is found suitable for applications involving broad and multiple frequency bands.
Do socio-economic factors impact non-timber forest products based incomes: an analysis employing structural equation modelling (SEM); a case of India
Authors: Magry Muneer Ahmad , Cahill David , rookes James , Narula Sapna
Published: August 2023

The examination of the use pattern of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and their contribution in connection to socioeconomic determinants is crucial for the formulation of welfare and development efforts targeted at communities reliant on NTFPs. A study was conducted in the Khunti district of Jharkhand, India, including 62 villages and involving a total of 387 respondents. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaires. Additionally, focused group discussions and transect walks were conducted to supplement the results. The findings indicated that a majority of the individuals involved in the upstream activities are female, accounting for 70% of the total population. The income derived from non-timber forest products (NTFP) was influenced by many factors including socioeconomic, ecological, and demographic variables as determined by five capital evaluations. The results indicate that individuals get a substantial proportion of their earnings from the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Nevertheless, the degree and distribution of household income dependence on NTFPs exhibit notable variations across different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The intensity of non-timber forest product (NTFP)-based income in families is influenced by several factors including women's roles, education level, age, landholding, household size, and the number of children. It is determined that the incorporation of socio-economic-ecological and demographic factors is crucial in the development of a proficient forest management plan and policy for the management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and the preservation of forests. This necessitates the active participation of populations reliant on NTFPs.
Nanosilver For Anopheles Control In Endemic Malaria
Authors: Raharjo Mursid , Subagio Agus , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: August 2023

Malaria is a national and global problem that needs attention, with 241 million cases. Indonesia is the second highest country with the highest number of cases, with 304,607 cases of malaria in 2021. The use of insecticides at inappropriate doses causes resistance to targets. This study aimed to analyze the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to adult Anopheles mosquitoes in malaria-endemic areas, determine the lethal concentration (LC50), and project effectiveness in the long term. The calculation of LC50 is based on the estimation and plotting of observed data with the formula y = ax + b. LC50 in Nanosilver nitrate toxicity 5965 mg/l. Analysis of long-term projections with the formula y = A ln (x) + B produces the formula Y = (-) 0.012Ln(X) + 0.6933. Absorption of silver nanoparticles into the bodies of Anopheles sp. occurs through the spiracles. It attacks the Ache enzyme in the central nervous system, thereby stopping the mosquito's working system, which will then die. Nanosilver is a very effective herbal insecticide used in an effort to control malaria cases in endemic areas with the correct dose and method. For a lifetime, a dose of 1500 mg/l nanosilver effectively kills 74% of adult Anopheles sp mosquitoes on day 32 and it is projected that on day 60 the efficacy of nanomaterials still has an efficacy of 64% which then decreases to day 180 (6 months) with an efficacy of 63%. Even this nano silver material has an efficacy of 62% within 360 days (1 year).
Neuron stress-related genes serve as newbiomarkers in hypothalamic tissue following high fat diet
Authors: Duan Chengwei , Wang Xueqin , Su Jianbin , Qi Feng , Chen Tianpeng , Shang Yanxing , Liang Caixia , Li Yu , Su Sixuan , Zhang Dongmei , Lu Hongjian
Published: August 2023

Objective
Energy homeostasis is modulated by the hypothalamic is essential for obesity progression; however, the gene expression profiling remains to be fully understood.
Methods
GEO datasets were downloaded from the GEO website and analysed by the R packages to obtain the DEGs. And, the WGCNA analysis and PPI networks of co-expressed DEGs were designed using STRING to get key genes. In addition, the single-cell sequencing datasets and GTEx database were utilized to receive the neuron-stress genes from the key genes. Further, HFD-induced hypothalamic tissue of mice was used as an animal model to validate the mRNA up-regulation of neuron-stress genes. Finally, the Bmi1 gene was identified as a hub gene through the LASSO model and nomogram analysis.
Results
It found that six genes (Sacm1l, Junb, Bmi1, Erbb4, Dkc1, and Suv39h1) are neuron stress-related genes and increased in the HFD-induced mice obesity model. Finally, Bmi1gene was identified as hub genes that can reflect the pathophysiology of obesity.
Conclusions
Our research depicted a comprehensive activation map of cell abnormality in the obese hypothalamus and Bim1 may be a diagnostic marker in the clinic, which provides a new perspective and basis for investigating the pathogenesis of obesity.
SGLT2 inhibitors effects on cardiac function and plasma biomarkers of diabetic patients with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: García Marcelino Cortés , Gonzalez Oscar Lorenzo , Lumpuy-Castillo Jairo , Martínez-Albaladejo Sacramento , Urquía Mikel Taibo , Lázaro Ana María Pello , Becerra Jose Antonio Bollas , Orejas Miguel Orejas , Lobato Miguel Ángel Navas , Palafox Esther Macia , Fernández María Esther Martínez , Linares Andrea Rueda , Fernández Jose Tuñón
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) have proven a reduction in cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with and without heart failure (HF), as well as in non-diabetic patients with HF. The mechanisms underlying this benefit are not well known, with contradicting data on the changes that SGLT2i produce on cardiac function and structure.
METHODS
Between October 2020 and October 2021, 31 diabetic patients without prior history of SGLT2i use with normal ejection fraction (> 50%), glycated hemoglobin < 6.5%, renal clearance rate of > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and sinus rhythm were prospectively included. In all of them, SGLT2i were started. At inclusion and 6-months follow-up, different clinical, ECG, analytical and echocardiographic (standard, 3D and speckle tracking) variables were recorded.
RESULTS
The average age of our population was 66.4 years (± 8.4). 90% were male, 71% were hypertensive, and 77.4% were dyslipidemic. 77.4% of patients had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 10% had vascular disease in other territories. At the time of inclusion, 80.6% of the population was treated with ACEI or ARB, 54.8% with beta-blockers, 29% with diuretics, and 93.5% with statins. After an average follow-up period of 6.6 months (± 0.8), an average reduction of 9.9 g/m2 (± 4.5, p = 0.048) in 3D-estimated left ventricle mass was observed. An increase in absolute left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) of 0.74 (± 0.35, p = 0.05) was observed, as well as an increase in isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) of 9.8 ms (± 4.8, p = 0.05). Moreover, we observed a significant reduction in ANP (p = 0.008) and CK-MB levels (p = 0.006), after SGLT2i treatment. No relevant differences in LV dimensions and volumes were observed, as well as in the evaluated RV parameters and other biomarkers.
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to understand the mechanism underlying the clinical benefit of these drugs. This will allow us to better understand its effect in patients with HF. Our data shows that the use of SGLT2i is associated with cardiac improvements, both structural (myocardial mass) and functional (IVRT, LVGLS), in a population of patients with normal ejection fraction.
Effectiveness of Fecal DNA Syndecan-2 Methylation Test in Detecting Colorectal Cancer in High-Risk Population in China
Authors: Luo Wenfeng , Lin Xiaoling , Jiao Yuting , Zhao Ying , Wang Shengbo , Shen Jian , Han Zeping , Xie Fangmei , He Jinhua , Wan Yu
Published: August 2023

Purpose:To validate the effectiveness of fecal DNA Syndecan-2 methylation (mSDC2) test in the detection of colorectal cancer in high-risk population in China. This may provide evidence-based data of diagnostic or screening for colorectal cancer in China.
Methods A high-risk Chinese pilot comprising 1130 individuals aged 40-79 was registered for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection using the fecal mSDC2 test. The sensitivity and specificity to CRC, advanced adenomas (AA), and advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) were estimated. High-risk factors for incidence of colorectal lesions were analyzed and then were constructed a logistic regression model to better reflect the efficacy of the fecal mSDC2 test.
ResultsAccording to established criteria, 1035 high-risk individuals were included for analysis. Among them, 16 CRCs (1.55%), 65 AAs (6.28%), 189 NAAs (18.26%), and 150 polyps (14.49%) were defined by colonoscopy and pathological examination. The sensitivity of mSDC2 test to CRC and AA was 87.50% and 40.00%. The specificities were 95.61% in the others group. The positive predictive value (PPV) of mSDC2 test for CRC, AA, and ACN was 16.09%, 29.89% and 45.98%, respectively. In addition, the negative predictive value (NPV) of mSDC2test for CRC was 99.79%. The positive of mSDC2 test is a significant risk signal for the occurrence of ACN (P <0.001) after adjusting other high-risk covariates.
ConclusionThe results of this CRC screening showed that offering a combination of fecal mSDC2test and colonoscopy may be an active option to early detect malignant lesions of the colorectum in Chinese high-risk population.
Fabrication of IR Microlens Using Fiber Laser
Authors: Mahmoud Muaath J. , Rasheed Basaam G.
Published: August 2023

Various types of silicon micro lenses were fabricated by two subsequent stages. Fiber laser of 1.06 µm was employed to ablate micro dips at the silicon surface then a mixed acid solution was used to ultrasonically etch the wafer. The experimental data demonstrate spherical, cylindrical IR microlenses, and IR microlens array formation with an optimum numerical aperture of 2.39. minimum microlens height of 21 µm, diameter of 32 µm, and focal length of 6.7 µm with maximum resolution of 0.395 µm and magnification of (X 44) was achieved. The minimum experimentally achieved micro lens’s roughness was 45 nm. Theoretical calculations were conducted to estimate the temperature at the silicon surface during the ablation stage. Temperature of approximately 3590 K is established at the center of the laser-silicon in the ablation stage. Due to the controllable laser micromachining process, optoelectronics and biological imaging are viable applications for IR microlens arrays.
Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis of 4 Pole Induction Motors - A Design Outlook for IE3 to IE5 Efficiencies
Authors: Kishor Abhishek , Chokklaingam Lenin Natesan , Nandagopal Sathyanarayanan , Seshadri Arjun
Published: August 2023

India is working towards achieving sustainable development goals by 2030. One important goal of sustainable development is energy efficiency. Around 18% of total energy consumed in India is by agricultural pump sets. These pump sets are driven by induction motors. Thereby, design of induction motors meeting energy efficiency standards becomes the need of the hour. This paper provides a detailed design outlook for 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, induction motors between the power range of 11kW to 2.2kW to meet the IE3 to IE5 efficiency standards.