bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What role does emotional granularity play in adolescent depression and anxiety? A scoping review
Authors: Dunning Darren Lee , Wright Gemma , Bennett Marc Patrick , Knight Rachel , Dalgleish Tim
Published: June 2022

Emotional Granularity (EG) refers to the precision with which we describe and differentiate between our emotion states. Emerging evidence suggests that having poorer EG contributes to the onset and maintenance of psychiatric conditions such as depression. The likely mechanisms of action for this being that poor EG means inferior selection and deployment of relevant emotion regulation strategies to combat negative emotional turbulence. The following reviews research evidence for EG in adolescents (aged 14-24), specifically: (i) how it is measured; (ii) its role in anxiety and depression; (iii) its role as a moderator between emotion regulation and anxiety/depression. In addition, we spoke to adolescent stakeholders with a lived experience of anxiety/depression to gain their insights on EG.A literature review revealed 39 qualitative studies, however there were no studies that examined EG in adolescent populations with clinical diagnoses of anxiety or depression. In typical groups we found: (i) the most common method of measuring EG was with ecological momentary assessment methods; (ii) although there was good evidence that lower EG means greater levels of depressive symptomology, there was less evidence for EGs role in anxiety; (iii) inconclusive evidence of EG as a moderator between emotion regulation and depression/anxiety. Adolescent stakeholders had no difficulty understanding the concept of EG and believed it was one that young people would likely engage with. Importantly, they also felt it was a skill that has the potential to be improved. In sum, although EG shows promise as an active ingredient in adolescent depression, there is insufficient evidence for it playing a role in anxiety and inconclusive evidence of it as a moderator between emotion regulation and mental ill-health. Future studies, should both test EG’s role in depressed and anxious adolescent samples and investigate its potential to be trained.
When rules are over-ruled: Virtual bargaining as a contractualist method of moral judgment
Authors: Levine Sydney , Kleiman-Weiner Max , Chater Nick , Cushman Fiery Andrews , Tenenbaum Joshua
Published: June 2022

Rules help guide our behavior -- particularly in complex social contexts. But rules sometimes give us the "wrong" answer. How do we know when it's okay to break the rules? In this paper, we argue that we sometimes use *contractualist* (agreement-based) mechanisms to determine when a rule can be broken. Our model draws on a theory of social interactions--- "virtual bargaining" ---that assumes that actors engage in a simulated bargaining process when navigating the social world. We present experimental data which suggests that rule-breaking decisions are sometimes driven by virtual bargaining and show that these data cannot be explained by more traditional rule-based or outcome-based approaches.
The Dark Triad is Dead, Long Live the Dark Triad: An Item-Response Theoretical Examination of the Short Dark Tetrad
Authors: Blötner Christian , Beisemann Marie
Published: June 2022

Research on the Dark Tetrad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) is burgeoning. Therefore, psychometrically sound measures are required to ensure that predictions based on these constructs are reliable and valid. A recently devised scale to assess all traits simultaneously is the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2021). Previous studies demonstrated the general suitability of the SD4 in terms of classical test theory, but item response theoretical (IRT) analyses are still missing, whereby IRT approaches extract more information on the items and scales and tests assumptions untested in classical test theory. Thus, we evaluated the subscales of the SD4 using IRT modeling (N = 594). Unlike the sadism subscale, the Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy subscales had satisfactory fit of the two-parameter polytomous IRT models and provided ample information across the respective trait continua. The sadism subscale, however, exhibited problems related to item discrimination (i.e., in differentiating between individuals with similar levels) and item (category transition) difficulties (i.e., quantifying how “difficult” it is to endorse higher compared to next lower response categories). The results thus emphasize the need for a thorough revision of the items of the sadism scale.
A guide for writing anti-racist tenure and promotion letters
Authors: Jean Pearis , Haynes Christy L. , Martin Laura E , Mirabile Scott , Niv Yael , Rose Jacqueline K. , Ross Rachel A
Published: June 2022

Senior faculty are incredibly powerful. In a two-page tenure letter, they can make or break a career. This power has an outsized impact on scholars with marginalized identities, such as Black academics, who are promoted with tenure at lower rates than their White colleagues. We suggest that this difference in tenure rates is due to an implicit, overly narrow definition of academic excellence that does not recognize all contributions that Black scholars make to their departments, institutions and academia in general, as well as the many invisible extra burdens of mentoring and representation that these scholars bear. Our goal is to empower letter-writers to counteract these factors and promote the academic culture we all want to support. Towards this end, and inspired by Tema Okun’s (2021) antidotes to “White supremacy culture” in academia, we propose to faculty with majority privilege a set of practical steps for writing inclusive, anti-racist tenure letters. Our recommendations address what to do before writing the letter, what to include (and not include) in the letter itself, and what to do after writing the letter to further support our excellent colleagues. Written from the perspective of USA-based, mostly non-Black, academics and non-academics in STEM fields who are learning about and working toward Black liberation in academia, we hope these recommendations, and their future refinement, can support widespread ongoing work toward an inclusive academia that appreciates and rewards diverse ways of doing, learning and knowing.
Initial Evaluation of the Need for and Impact of a Pragmatic Internet-based Parenting Program to Promote Positive Parenting and School Readiness in Early Childhood
Authors: McGoron Lucy
Published: June 2022

Brief, technology-based programs are a low-cost, high-reach approach to connecting parents with research-informed parenting information. Reported here are two investigations that examined the need for and impact of one such program, The 5-a-Day Parenting Program, for parents of children in early childhood (ages 2-5 years old). Through text messages and online videos, the program promotes 5 daily positive parenting activities: book sharing, parent-child play, showing affection, meal sharing, and following a bedtime routine. Parents learn about the importance of doing each of these activities daily and then select one activity on which to focus. Study 1 (n = 568) examined how frequently parents engage in the 5 specific parenting activities. Reading was found to be the least often reported parenting activity with 63.4% of parents reporting reading to their child 3 days or less in the previous week. In study 2, a proof-of-concept trial using a pre-post design, 94 parents went through the 5-a-Day Parenting Program and completed baseline and follow-up surveys to assess key outcomes. Primary outcomes of interest included use of the 5 specific parenting activities, parents’ parenting activity goal, and daily routines. Secondary outcomes included parents’ level of parenting confidence, chaos within the home, and children’s social/emotional behavior problems. Significant changes from pre-post were found for primary, but not secondary, outcomes. Next steps will include program refinements and a pilot randomized clinical trial.
Data-driven detection of developmental dyslexia: A machine learning approach based on behavioral and eye-movement features
Authors: Weiss Béla , Szalma János , Vidnyánszky Zoltán
Published: June 2022

Detection of developmental dyslexia is paramount to mitigate the adversary effects of reading difficulties. Accordingly, efforts have been made on developing methods for data-driven detection of dyslexia based on behavioral and eye-tracking data recorded predominantly in children. However, it remains to be clarified how the classification performance of behavioral and eye-movement features compare to each other and how the findings obtained for children translate to adulthood.To address this shortcoming, here we collected behavioral and eye-movement data from dyslexic and control young adults. Using a machine-learning framework with different feature selection methods, cross-validation approaches and hyperparameter optimization, we developed classifiers for detection of dyslexic participants based on behavioral and eye-movement features.The final behavioral model achieved a classification performance of 92.91% significantly outperforming the classifier based on eye-movement features that reached 76.25% classification accuracy. Feature importance results were in agreement with earlier studies showing deterioration of short-term memory, non-word reading fluency, phonological awareness and saccade amplitude in dyslexics, and also supported the importance of glissades in characterization of eye movements.Our findings indicate the superiority of behavioral measures over eye-movement features in detecting reading difficulties and suggest that earlier results obtained for children may generalize to adulthood.
How universal is preference for visual curvature? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chuquichambi Erick Gustavo , Vartanian Oshin , Skov Martin , Corradi Guido , Nadal Marcos , Silvia Paul , Munar Enric
Published: June 2022

Evidence dating back a century suggests that humans are sensitive to and exhibit a preference for visual curvature. Recently, this effect has been observed in different age groups, human cultures, and primate species, suggesting that a preference for curvature might be universal. At the same time, several studies have found preference for curvature to be modulated by contextual and individual factors, casting doubt on this hypothesis. To resolve these conflicting findings, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of studies that have investigated preference for visual curvature. The results of a three-level random effects model revealed a Hedges’ g of .39—consistent with a medium effect size. Further analyses revealed preference for curvature to be moderated by four factors: Presentation time, stimulus type, expertise, and task. Together, our results suggest that preference for visual curvature is a reliable but not universal phenomenon, and influenced by factors other than perceptual information.
Soft law to protection from COVID-19 : comparative approaches in the national legal regulation of the pandemic by the member states of the European Union
Authors: Alferova Elena
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has resulted in the unprecedented closure of borders and the blocking of cities and regions, it has taken millions of lives, created an emergency situation in public health and administrative management. In order to respond to the coronavirus pandemic in a timely manner and apply unified approaches to its «taming», the EU institutions and public authorities of national member states, in addition to the current legislative acts, have widely used such legal regulators of public life and administrative management as soft law. With the use of circulars, instructions, guidelines and other acts of soft law, the rules of behavior of the population and its individual groups in a pandemic began to be urgently introduced, the procedure for vaccination and remote work and education were explained. Acts of soft law, which, according to the theory of law, are not binding, on the one hand, have become an internal guide to the actions of authorities to organize the management of subordinate infrastructure, save the economy, on the other hand, external rules aimed at voluntary compliance with them by residents of cities and settlements (recommendations, appeals, explanations, etc.). Main strategies of the EU member states in the application of soft law measures are aimed at saving human life, supporting the economy, education and healthcare. Flexible, prompt and unified use of hard and soft law on the territory of the EU member states at the beginning of the pandemic – spring-summer 2020, a period of confusion and emergency, allowed to stabilize the situation, invent a vaccine against COVID-19, open borders and transport links, strengthen the capabilities of medicine and education. This article examines the peculiarities of the application of soft law in some EU member states – Italy, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Sweden – at the first most difficult stages of the pandemic. These countries followed different approaches to combating the pandemic, ranging from complete isolation and the introduction of a «state of siege» in Italy and ending with soft recommendations in Sweden. These differences are not only due to the legal and political traditions of these countries, but also to the specific approaches of those states, reflecting the special conditions they faced at the local level.
Terrorism in COVID’s shadow
Authors: Novikova Irina
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the activities of terrorist groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author focuses on the comparison between the opportunities offered by the pandemic to terrorist groups and the factors hampering terrorist activities. It could be expected that extremist groups may succeed in exploiting the pandemic to increase recruitment and disruption. But the predicted surge in terrorism did not happen. Coronavirus restrictions disrupted terrorist groups’ operations, travelling and fundraising. However, in some states where the spread of the disease took place in the context of ongoing armed conflict, the terrorist threat has increased. On the whole, the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic had a negative impact on public sentiment, creating a breeding ground for radicalisation on various ideological spectrums. Far-right and Islamist extremist groups have already incorporated COVID-19 into their narratives. The pandemic has provided them with new opportunities to spread extremist propaganda and ideology. The paper shows how terrorist groups have adapted and conducted their activities during the pandemic. Some terrorist and extremist threats have shifted from physical to online environment (communications, financing, propaganda, radicalisation, recruitment, etc.), and a wide range of new technologies and tools have become much more widespread. It is likely that the pandemic, ineffective governance and the withdrawal of Western counter-terrorism contingents from hot zones will contribute to the fact that terrorism (and, in particular, militant Islamism) will remain a global threat within the foreseeable future.
Doctrinal foreign policy documents of the post-Yugoslav states 2014–2021
Authors: Romanenko S.A.
Published: June 2022

The article analyses the content of doctrinal documents on the development of post-socialist states in a special sub-region in Southeast Europe – the post-Yugoslav space. The author examines the concepts of foreign policy, national security and defence. Based on the consideration of internal political development of the post-Yugoslav states separately, the evolution of relations between them within the special subregion and the process of international relations in general, three stages can be distinguished in the development of relations between Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and Euro-Atlantic and European structures: 1991–1999, 1999–2014 and from 2014 to the present. During these years, a new national-state agenda was formed in each of the aforementioned countries, which at different stages reflected national versions of liberalism, conservatism, social democracy, which resonated in doctrinal documents – strategies for national security, foreign policy and defense. After constitutions were adopted in the 1990 s, and the first versions of doctrinal documents aimed at NATO and EU accession in the 2000 s, the post-Yugoslav states joined NATO and to a lesser extent the EU in 2000–2013.Thus, the intra-regional configuration of the Western Balkans has gradually changed and will probably continue to change, the conceptual vision of the worldview, political-ideological and practical dimensions in these countries has been transformed and will continue to be transformed – namely, the attitude to Europeanisation, to overcoming conflicts and conflictogenic factors. The aforementioned strategic documents make it possible to answer the question of the essence, forms and methods of foreign policy of post-Yugoslav states in the situation in the region, Europe and the world after February 24, 2022.
«European project» by Emmanuel Macron and Eastern European Member States of the EU
Authors: Chernega V.N.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the attempts of French president Emmanuel Macron to promote his «European project», which implies the achievement of the «sovereignty» by the Union in the industrial, scientific and technological, food and defense fields, and the attitude of the Eastern European states to this project. It is noted that thanks to the cautious but real support of Germany under A. Merkel, he managed to achieve some success. The new Chancellor O. Scholz is also generally committed to «European integration», particularly in the economic sphere. But the idea of a «European autonomous defense», advocated by E. Macron, does not arouse enthusiasm among the German elites, since after J. Biden comes to power in the United States, they are counting on the restoration of the old transatlantic ties. For this reason, progress in this direction is questionable.However, the main difficulties in the implementation on the «project» of E. Macron are linked to the ambiguous position of the Eastern European EU Member States. Although not all of these states are members of the «Eurozone» or the Schengen agreements, generally they follow the course of common economic integration. At the same time, they critically perceive the concept of «multi-speed Europe», promoted by E. Macron, and hostilely – the idea that the French-German «tandem» should become the «motor» of the integration process. The author also recalls their stubborn resistance to the implementation of a common migration policy. But France’s Eastern European partners are especially wary or even hostile towards E. Macron’s initiatives aimed at promoting the above-mentioned «European autonomous defense». They fear that the implementation of such initiatives will contribute to the weakening of the NATO bloc, which they see as the most important guarantee of their security in the face of the «Russian threat». Obviously, their attitude will continue to have a negative impact on the prospects for such a «European autonomous defense».
Belarus’ relations with Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Dyrina Anna
Published: June 2022

The article examines current relations between Belarus and two Baltic neighbour countries – Latvia and Lithuania. The interaction at the political and economic levels, the results of the meetings and negotiations are noted. A wide range of topics, interesting for the parties, is identified. Particular attention is paid to the migration crisis of 2021 on the border of Belarus and Lithuania, its causes and consequences. The chronological framework of the article can be divided into two parts. From 2014 to 2017, Belarus relations with Latvia and Lithuania can be characterized as quite productive in developing trade and economic cooperation. Period between 2018–2021 was more complicated in building bilateral relations. Despite the certain economic successes, the economic crisis was developing. Acute contradictions in relations became especially evident in 2020–2021: they include political, energy and migration crises. The conclusions are made about the current state and the future of bilateral relations between Belarus–Latvia and Belarus–Lithuania. The areas of cooperation are outlined, the main contradictions are noted, and a forecast of possible developments in the relations of Belarus with Latvia and Lithuania is given.
Main activities of the Czech government after the parliamentary elections in October 2021
Authors: Scherbakova Yu.A.
Published: June 2022

The article examines the results of the parliamentary elections (to the Chamber of Deputies) in the Czech Republic. The elections were held on October 8–9, 2021. 20 political parties and movements and 2 coalitions took part in them. Voter turnout was over 60%, the third highest result in the history of Czech elections. The Czech government was formed by representatives of two coalitions, one of which consisted of three parties, and the second of two. These parties managed to conclude a coalition agreement. Based on the content analysis of the coalition agreement of the Czech government formed as a result of the elections, its Euro-Atlantic orientation is revealed. At the same time, the intention of the new government to pay special attention to social issues is shown. The multi-membership of the current Czech government is noted. A brief description of the political parties whose representatives formed the government is given. Liberal character is emphasized.
Germany and Romania: historical, political and economic aspects of interaction
Authors: Bitkova T.G.
Published: June 2022

Political and economic aspects of relations between Romania and Germany in the XXI century considered in the context of historical retrospective, including from the perspective of the dramatic events of the XX century. Brief information about the history of the emergence of the German community on the territory of Romania, its important role in the cultural and economic development of the regions of residence is presented. The latter contributes to the creation of a special atmosphere of today’s bilateral contacts, behind which is the policy of the Federal Republic of Germany to keep the German community in its current place of residence, which creates an additional incentive for trade and investment of German capital in Romania. A brief overview of cultural and humanitarian programs of the FRG, designed to promote not only the rallying of the German ethnic minority, but also the promotion of German culture in Romania, is given. Data are provided on the number and position of the vast community of Romanian labor migrants in Germany. The article notes that political contacts between countries are not limited to the EU and NATO, but are also developing on a bilateral basis. Particular attention is paid to the difference in the foreign policy approaches of the two countries on a number of issues. The causes and circumstances of the lack of complete mutual understanding are identified, among which pro-Americanism and the anti-Russian orientation of Romania’s foreign policy stand out, clearly manifested in connection with the problem of putting the Nord Stream-2 into operation. At the same time, attention is drawn to the strengthening of bilateral military cooperation in recent years within the framework of PESCO. The conclusion is made about the ambiguous nature of the Romanian-German relations against the background of the interest of the FRG in expanding its presence in Romania.
The features of Germany’s dialogue with Poland and Romania by the beginning of the 2020 s: political and military aspects
Authors: Trunov Philipp
Published: June 2022

The article attempts to reveal the features of current political and military dialogue between Germany and the countries of East-Central Europe (ECE) such as Poland and Romania. Without the active support of at least one of these countries, maintaining and strengthening the strategic presence of Germany in this region, which is so important for it, is problematic. Since 2014, the dialogue in the sphere of security and defence in Europe has been placed in the context of the confrontation between the Euro-Atlantic community and the Russian Federation. This process had a significant impact on the change in Germany’s position in ECE, creating both new difficulties and a «window of opportunity» for strengthening German influence. The principle of a graduated approach to building up confrontation with the Russian Federation, advocated by the FRG, came into sharp conflict with the position of the Republic of Poland due to significant differences in the models of foreign policy behavior of the two states in the implementation of their sovereign ambitions. Germany promotes the rotational principle of NATO’s multinational military presence near the border of the Alliance’s zone of responsibility, while Poland promotes a permanent one. Germany was not ready to agree to Poland’s participation in the Normandy format. At the same time, Warsaw has created obstacles for Berlin’s contacts with the Visegrad Group. In this situation, the FRG was interested in acquiring new partners in East-Central Europe, primarily in the development of a dialogue with Romania. In the second half of the 2010 s political contacts between the FRG and Romania noticeably intensified, but without institutionalization. Nevertheless, the institutionalization of contacts was observed along the lines of cooperation of the national armed forces (in the form of agreements on the association of military units). The author draws a conclusion about the evolution of German-Polish and German-Romanian relations in the field of security and defense in the second half of the 2010-s.
DIALOGUE WITH THE WORLD: ON THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE "FACES OF CULTURE" SERIES
Authors: Levit Svetlana
Published: June 2022

The article deals with a set of problems and ideas that are reflected in the works of thinkers presented in the cultural almanac «Faces of Culture». This edition contains books, articles, and essays by M. Gershenzon, Viach. Ivanov, V. Windelband, G. Simmel, J. Kohn, G. Lessing, G. Pomerantz. In the works of these thinkers, images of various cultural worlds are resurrected, the problems of man and culture, the interaction of the microcosm and the macrocosm, education and upbringing are highlighted. The almanac is a dialogue of ideas and diverse concepts of outstanding thinkers of the past and present. The problems of understanding, moral self-standing of the individual, spiritual search and creativity are end-to-end for this publication, which, as in a mirror, reflects the entire series of books on culture, founded in 1992.
CULTURE OF OPEN KNOWLEDGE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND: POP-SCIENCE AND LAUGHING GAS
Authors: Lisovich Inna
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the culture of open knowledge and the phenomenon of the popular science, which arises and develops in Modern period. Based on the caricature of J. Gilray, depicting the public lecture in 1802 at the Royal Tnstitution on the characteristics of laughing gas, the stategies and modes of openness of knowledge, as well as the reaction of the public to the scientific show, are analyzed. The etching depicts an audience that is diverse in social origin, professions, and gender identity. Popular science, despite its shortcomings, instills confidence in scientific knowledge, the desire not only to use the results of scientific research, but also to engage in them. The representation of the research environment, scientists, scientific knowledge and practices in the field of artistic culture is also a marker of the openness and accessibility of scientific knowledge, the degree of trust in scientific institutions and scientists, which is an important component of the culture of knowledge.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY: EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND ONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Malinkin A.N.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the theoretical-cognitive and existential aspects of the concept of personality. Personality is defined as spiritual education. The scientific methodology «sociology of personality» is criticized. Tt is proved that an adequate way to understand what a «human personality» is a philosophical and sociological approach. Only he can discover the spiritual essence of a person. A comparative analysis of human sociality in the concepts of intersubjectivity by E. Husserl and M. Scheler is undertaken. The philosophical and anthropological prerequisites of the «human personality» phenomenon are revealed. Tt is proved that the existence of a person as a living being is initially social and cultural-historical, which makes it possible to form a personality.
THE CRISIS OF THE "CONCEPTUAL MAN"
Authors: Perelshtein Roman
Published: June 2022

The author of the article examines the phenomenon of «conceptual man» as a crisis state of consciousness. The specificity of the crisis in which the conceptual personality is located is that it has no outcome until it is comprehended from the standpoint of the universal spiritual consciousness. Our «conceptual man» or separate «I» is the cause of an unprecedented civilization crisis. The work is devoted to the ways out of the personal crisis, as well as to the development of the correct attitude to the systemic crisis of society.
[POST] MODERN SOCIALITY: [PRE] HISTORICAL ANALOGUES
Authors: Shipilov Andrei
Published: June 2022

The progress of telecommunication technologies at this stage of development leads to the merger of previously isolated spheres and segments of the socio-cultural continuum. The institutions of an industrial society are softening and eroding, an example of which can be the school: distance education, the share and importance of which has grown sharply due to the measures taken in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, leads to its diffusion into everyday household everyday life, which turns the didactics of modernity into an anachronism that does not meet the available conditions. It's not just about education: the processes of deinstitutionalization in society as a whole are becoming more and more intense, which makes processuality, variability, and fluidity the defining property of postmodern sociality. To understand what is happening, the social sciences use the concepts and concepts through which the social is represented as dynamic and temporal. This allows us to identify an analogy between postindustrial and pre-agricultural society, which also had a network, streaming and flexible character, which can presumably be interpreted within the framework of the theory of spiral development.
M.M. BAKHTIN IN 1910-1920 S: THE UNITY OF THE PATH
Authors: Nikolaev Nikolai
Published: June 2022

The discussion of L.V. Pumpyanskii’s report on the theoretical inconsistency of Marxism in October 1924 detected at the same time the possibility of applying the sociological method in aesthetics, as M.M. Bakhtin’s remark shows. In his writings of the sociological period M.M. Bakhtin continued the analysis of the aesthetical problems posed in his early essay of the 1924, for example, the problem of interaction of the “author”, “hero” and “listener” in the artistic text. The specific thematic complexes originating from the essay of the 1924 form the unity of M.M. Bakhtin’s works of the 1920th, published both under his name and the names of his friends.
СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ БЛИЖНЕГО И ДАЛЬНЕГО ЗАРУБЕЖЬЯ
Authors: Schensnovish Valentina
Published: June 2022

В обзоре анализируются актуальные тенденции международного сотрудничества современной России. Приведены статистические данные внешнеторговых связей РФ за 2018-2019 гг. со странами ближнего и дальнего зарубежья. Рассмотрена динамика внешней торговли России, изменения в ее географической и товарной структуре. Особое внимание уделено сотрудничеству РФ со странами ЕАЭС, АСЕАН, АТЭС и СНГ.
СОВМЕСТНАЯ РОССИЙСКО-ИРАНСКАЯ КОМИССИЯ ПО ДИАЛОГУ "ПРАВОСЛАВИЕ - ИСЛАМ": ИСТОРИЯ И ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ МЕЖРЕЛИГИОЗНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ
Authors: Melnik Sergei
Published: June 2022

В статье рассматривается деятельность Совместной российско-иранской комиссии по диалогу «Православие - Ислам». Комиссия была создана в 1997 г. при непосредственном участии Председателя Отдела внешних церковных связей митрополита Смоленского и Калининградского Кирилла (будущего Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси). Заседания Комиссии проходили с периодичностью около одного раза в два года поочередно в Москве и Тегеране. Описываются история прошедших заседаний, обсуждаемая тематика, приводятся выдержки из совместных заявлений по итогам встреч. Деятельность Комиссии анализируется в контексте разных типов межрелигиозного диалога.
MIGRATION POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Schensnovish Valentina
Published: June 2022

This review analyzes the most essential features of the state migration policy of modern Russia. The attention is focused on the religious factor, ethnopolitics, regulation of external labor migration; adaptation and integration of Moslem migrants.
IRAQ'S YAZIDIS PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: Kirichenko Vladimir
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the history and modern situation of the Yazidis in Iraq. The Yazidis were able to maintain their identity despite centuries-long oppressions. The Yazidi community suffered huge damage in 2014 when their place of residence was captured by the Islamic State.
Study of the habitat, and potential distribution of Himalayan Ginseng (Panax pseudoginseng Wall.), and the diversity of its associated species in Nangkor and Shingkhar Geogs, Zhemgang, Bhutan
Authors: Dendup Tashi , Rai Sushila
Published: June 2022

Panax pseudoginseng Wall. is a highly sought-after medicinal plant in Bhutan, but little is known about its distribution and habitat in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to determine suitable habitat, and potential distribution of P. pseudoginseng, and the diversity of its associated species in Nangkor and Shingkhar Geogs, Zhemgang, Bhutan. A total of 42 plots were laid using a purposive sampling method. Various parameters like slope, aspect, soil nutrients, soil pH, humidity, temperature, and soil water tension were collected. The Spearman’s correlation test indicated that the temperature and canopy cover had negative association with the counts of P. pseudoginseng. The Spearman's correlation test for NPK indicated that Phosphorus had significant difference with the counts of P. pseudoginseng. A total of 1,277 species distributed in 87 genera of 66 families were recorded including the trees, herbs and pteridophytes. Fagaceae was the most dominant family in the study area. Seven types of forest were classified based on the floristic composition of trees.  Potential distribution was obtained using ArcGIS that combined observation data, reclassification and Weighted Overlay. Overall, 95.39% of an area under Zhemgang District is suitable for the growth of P. pseudoginseng.
Grouping of Village Status in West Java Province Using the Manhattan, Euclidean and Chebyshev Methods on the K-Mean Algorithm
Authors: Pranoto Gatot Tri , Hadikristanto Wahyu , Religia Yoga
Published: June 2022

The Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Areas and Transmigration (Ministry of Village PDTT) is a ministry within the Indonesian Government in charge of rural and rural development, empowerment of rural communities, accelerated development of disadvantaged areas, and transmigration. Village Potential Data for 2014 (Podes 2014) in West Java Province is data issued by the Central Statistics Agency in collaboration with the Ministry of Village PDTT which is in unsupervised data format, consists of 5319 village data. The Podes 2014 data in West Java Province were made based on the level of village development (village specific) in Indonesia, by making the village as the unit of analysis. Base on the Regulation of the Minister of Villages, Disadvantaged Areas and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia number 2 of 2016 concerning the village development index, the Village is classified into 5 village status, namely Very Disadvantaged Village, Disadvantaged Village, Developing Village, Advanced Village and Independent Village based on the ability to manage and increase the potential of social, economic and ecological resources. Village status is in fact inseparable from village development that is under government funding support. However, village development funds have not been distributed effectively and accurately according to the conditions and potential of the village due to the lack of clear information about the status of the village. Therefore, the information regarding the villages priority in term of which villages needs more funding and attention from the government is still lacking. Data mining is a method that can be used to group objects in a data into classes that have the same criteria (clustering). One of the algorithms that can be used for the clustering process is the k-means algorithm. Data grouping using k-means is done by calculating the closest distance from data to a centroid point. In this study, different types of distance calculation in the K-means algorithm are compared. Those types are Manhattan, Euclidean and Chebyshev. Validation tests have been carried out using the execution time and Davies Bouldin index. From this test, the data Village Potential 2014 in West Java province have grouped all the 5 status of the village with the obtained number of villages for each cluster is a cluster village Extremely Backward many as 694 villages, cluster Villages 567 villages, cluster village Evolving as much as 1440 villages, the cluster with Desa Maju1557 villages and the cluster Independent Village for 1061 villages. For distance calculation, Chebyshev has the most efficient accumulation time of 1 second compared to Euclidean 1.6 seconds and Manhattan 2.4 seconds. Meanwhile, the Euclidean method has the value, Davies Index most optimal which is 0.886 compared to the Manhattan method 0.926 and Chebyshev 0.990.
Decision Support System Scholarship Selection Using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method
Authors: Arifitama Budi
Published: June 2022

Scholarships are given to students to motivate students and compete with each other in pursuit of the best grades and achievements during their studies. As the name implies, factors such as GPA, competition participation, lecturer recommendations, and organizational participation are the criteria that will be considered for the selection process. In addition, parental income will also be an additional criterion. To minimize errors and reduce bias in the selection process, students who are eligible for scholarships will be assisted by using a Decision Support System (DSS). DSS will support decision making in selecting outstanding scholarship recipients from a pool of alternatives, namely students who register for the outstanding scholarship program by calculating student eligibility based on consideration of the criteria that students have in accordance with predetermined criteria. This calculation is carried out using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method which is suitable for use in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems. As a result, each student will get an eligibility score which will influence the final decision. After the ranking of students who are most entitled to a scholarship according to the system calculations are obtained, the final decision will still be taken by the university.
Pity the Fool: Satire, Sentiment, and Aristocratic Vice in George Colman’s The Suicide
Authors: Parisot Eric
Published: June 2022

The Suicide, A Comedy (1778) by George Colman (the Elder) is a sophisticated comedic response to the scourge of fashionable suicide in late eighteenth-century Britain. The play simultaneously operates on two comedic planes: (1) it aims the purgative power of contemptible and socially aversive satire at the bon-ton by insinuating the scandalous suicide of high-profile aristocrat John Damer (1744–76); and (2) the reformation of Tobine—the middle-class protagonist who aspires to fashionable self-destruction—invests in the socially rehabilitative and compassionate humour of sentimental comedy. Two comedic strategies are aimed at two different audiences, with both strategies working to reinforce middle-class values. The result is a comedy that merges two kinds of laughter to form a benign affective antidote to interclass suicidal contagion. This comedic antidote functions as an early demonstration of the positive value of narratives that depict the overcoming of suicidal intent—or what modern sociologists call the Papageno effect.
Disappearing Diversity and the Probability of Hiring a Non-White Teacher: An Analysis of Principals’ Hiring Patterns in Predominantly White Schools
Authors: Bailes Lauren P. , Guthery Sarah
Published: June 2022

This study investigates whether a principal’s likelihood of hiring a teacher of color is sensitive to the racial composition of students in the school. We used an administrative dataset from Texas including 59,157 principal observations and 662,997 teacher observations spanning 2000–2017 to consider whether or not the disappearing diversity in a majority White school is a factor in principals’ decisions to hire teachers of color. We examined the hiring patterns of principals within schools where 50% of the students were White and compared the probability that a non-White teacher would be hired as the homogeneity of the student body increased (that is, as increasing proportions of the student body were White). We found that White principals were less likely to hire teachers of color as the proportion of White students approached 100%. This study provides initial evidence that teacher hires are sensitive not only to the principal’s race but also to the racial composition of the student body. Specifically, as the diversity of the student body disappears, so too does the principal’s likelihood of hiring a teacher of color.
Functional Ceramic and Metallurgical Coatings on Magnesium Components
Authors: Scherer D. , Buchmann M. , Friedrich C. , Gadow R. , Killinger A.
Published: June 2022

The increasing use of magnesium alloys in many engineering applications is mainly limited by their unsatisfying surface properties, especially the poor tribological properties and the poor corrosion resistance. Therefore an effective and well designed coating technology has to be adapted to allow a successful implementation of magnesium alloys under tribological load and in an corrosive environment. This presentation gives an overview of the performance of different functional metallurgical and ceramic coatings on magnesium diecastings which are applied by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF).
Study on Zircon-Based Ceramic Coating for High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Application
Authors: Suzuki M. , Sodeoka S. , Inoue T.
Published: June 2022

Zircon is widely used as a refractory material, because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties. Several studies on plasma sprayed zircon were reported since 70's, and it is known that zircon dissociate into silica and zirconia during the plasma spray process. Authors have been studied on plasma sprayed zircon for a protective coating application, and successfully obtained very dense coating with excellent adhesive strength by optimizing the spray parameter. However, it was also revealed that the coating had poor stability above 1500K. In this study, the effects of two different oxides additive (yttria and ceria) on the structure and stability of the plasma sprayed zircon coating above 1500K are evaluated. The addition of these oxides enhanced the amount of residual zirconia and decreased zircon after the heat treatments. Addition of yttria resulted in the coating composed of cubic zirconia and zircon, while monoclinic zirconia was formed by ceria addition.
Tungsten Coatings for Divertor Wings
Authors: Malléner W.
Published: June 2022

For the coating of divertor wings, which in an adapted form may also be suitable for divertor targets, tungsten coatings were developed and optimized with respect to erosion and adhesion behaviour and tested in the Jülich JUDITH facility as well as in the St. Petersburg TSEFEY facility. For the improvement of adhesion, interlayers were developed and used for the coating of mock-ups. In order to achieve a further improvement in adhesion and thus better heat removal, structures were developed for the substrate surfaces. Substrate materials are copper according to DIN 1787 and the Elmedur X copper-chromium-zircon alloy. Differently produced tungsten coatings on mock-up substrates were loaded until failure by means of an electron beam. The area-related thermal loads introduced until failure were measured and correlated with the production parameters.
Double Doped Ceria Electrolyte Synthesized by Solution Plasma Spraying with Induction Plasma Technology
Authors: Gitzhofer F. , Bonneau M-E , Boulos M.
Published: June 2022

In the continuing progress of fuel cell technology, CeO2 double doped electrolytes appears to be promising for lowering the SOFC's working temperatures. Ceria electrolytes have better ionic conductivities than YSZ but, at low oxygen partial pressures, the chemical reduction of ceria leads to increasing electronic conduction. Double doping of the ceria increases the electrolytic conduction range without changing its conductivity. To avoid stress development within the ceria crystallographic structure, the dopants mix must have a mean ionic radius as close as possible to the critical ionic radius. Ceria electrolytes with various compositions and dopant concentrations are synthesized with a combinatorial chemistry approach. To synthesize new electrolytes, solution plasma spraying with nitrate salt precursor is used. The reaction is completed and nanocrystalline thin layers of ceramic are formed in the plasma. Comparative studies of plasma spraying techniques, with YSZ powder plasma spraying as electrolyte reference, were performed. Also, comparative impedance spectroscopy measurements are to be performed to validate the double doping hypothesis and thence to identify the best electrolytes in the suite of over 300 new materials.
A Contribution to Engine Pistons Life Time Improving by Means of Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Rosso M. , Ugues D. , Bechis F. , Groppetti R. , Scrivani A. , Bardi U. , Rizzi G.
Published: June 2022

Engine pistons are working components subjected to very high wear actions, mechanical and thermal stresses; moreover they can suffer damages due to pinking. Many solutions have been proposed, but there is still a large margin of improvement and strong efforts are made for improving performances and service life, taking into account for the requirements of fuel composition and of environment. Advantages can be obtained by the utilization of thermal spray coatings as protection against corrosion and pinking damages; on this matter the evolution of thermal spray processes and techniques offers suitable means. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibility to coat with NiCr alloys or with austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316L) the surface of engine pistons made by Al alloys. Coating layers, with thickness in the range of 200 ÷400 µm, have been sprayed, using Plasma Spray processes, on samples for metallographic investigation end test and on pistons directly. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses were carried out on the cross sections to examine the microstructural features, while the hardness properties have been evaluated by means of both surface and cross-sectional measurements. Bend test is in progress to get information about the coating strain as well as about adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Finally the tested coatings have been applied directly on pistons and these are being tested on the test bench, evaluating the improvement of the service life.