bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POT1-interacting protein PIP1: a telomere length regulator that recruits POT1 to the TIN2/TRF1 complex
Authors: Ye Jeffrey Zheng-Sheng , Hockemeyer Dirk , Krutchinsky Andrew N. , Loayza Diego , Hooper Sarah M. , Chait Brian T. , de Lange Titia
Published: July 2004

Human telomere length is controlled by a negative feedback loop based on the binding of TRF1 to double-stranded telomeric DNA. The TRF1 complex recruits POT1, a single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding protein necessary for cis-inhibition of telomerase. By mass spectrometry, we have identified a new telomeric protein, which we have named POT1-interacting protein 1 (PIP1). PIP1 bound both POT1 and the TRF1-interacting factor TIN2 and could tether POT1 to the TRF1 complex. Reduction of PIP1 or POT1 levels with shRNAs led to telomere elongation, indicating that PIP1 contributes to telomere length control through recruitment of POT1.
A Conserved Upstream Open Reading Frame Mediates Sucrose-Induced Repression of Translation[W]
Authors: Wiese Anika , Elzinga Nico , Wobbes Barry , Smeekens Sjef
Published: July 2004

Sugars have been shown to regulate transcription of numerous genes in plants. Sucrose controls translation of the group S basic region leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factor ATB2/AtbZIP11 (Rook et al., 1998a). This control requires the unusually long 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene. Point mutations and deletions of the 5′UTR have uncovered the sequences involved. A highly conserved upstream open reading frame (uORF) coding for 42 amino acids is essential for the repression mechanism. It is conserved in 5′UTRs of bZIP transcription factors from other Arabidopsis thaliana genes and many other plants. ATB2/AtbZIP11 is normally expressed in association with vascular tissues. Ectopic expression of a 5′UTR construct shows that the sucrose repression system is functional in all tissues. AtbZIP2 is another Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor gene harboring the conserved uORF, which is regulated similarly via sucrose-induced repression of translation. This suggests a general function of the conserved uORF in sucrose-controlled regulation of expression. Our findings imply the operation of a sucrose-sensing pathway that controls translation of several plant bZIP transcription factor genes harboring the conserved uORF in their 5′UTRs. Target genes of such transcription factors will then be regulated in sucrose-dependent way.
Functional Divergence of Duplicated Genes Formed by Polyploidy during Arabidopsis Evolution[W]
Authors: Blanc Guillaume , Wolfe Kenneth H.
Published: July 2004

To study the evolutionary effects of polyploidy on plant gene functions, we analyzed functional genomics data for a large number of duplicated gene pairs formed by ancient polyploidy events in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes retained in duplicate are not distributed evenly among Gene Ontology or Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences functional categories, which indicates a nonrandom process of gene loss. Genes involved in signal transduction and transcription have been preferentially retained, and those involved in DNA repair have been preferentially lost. Although the two members of each gene pair must originally have had identical transcription profiles, less than half of the pairs formed by the most recent polyploidy event still retain significantly correlated profiles. We identified several cases where groups of duplicated gene pairs have diverged in concert, forming two parallel networks, each containing one member of each gene pair. In these cases, the expression of each gene is strongly correlated with the other nonhomologous genes in its network but poorly correlated with its paralog in the other network. We also find that the rate of protein sequence evolution has been significantly asymmetric in >20% of duplicate pairs. Together, these results suggest that functional diversification of the surviving duplicated genes is a major feature of the long-term evolution of polyploids.
A Semidominant Mutation in an Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-Like Gene Compromises Cortical Microtubule Organization[W]
Authors: Naoi Kuniko , Hashimoto Takashi
Published: July 2004

Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates many cellular processes, including the dynamics and organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton, but the events mediating it are poorly understood. A semidominant phs1-1 allele of the Arabidopsis thaliana  PROPYZAMIDE-HYPERSENSITIVE 1 locus exhibits phenotypes indicative of compromised cortical microtubule functions, such as left-handed helical growth of seedling roots, defective anisotropic growth at low doses of microtubule-destabilizing drugs, enhancement of the temperature-sensitive microtubule organization1-1 phenotype, and less ordered and more fragmented cortical microtubule arrays compared with the wild type. PHS1 encodes a novel protein similar to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases. In phs1-1, a conserved Arg residue in the noncatalytic N-terminal region is exchanged with Cys, and the mutant PHS1 retained considerable phosphatase activity in vitro. In mammalian MAPK phosphatases, the corresponding region serves as a docking motif for MAPKs, and analogous Arg substitutions severely inhibit the kinase–phosphatase association. Transgenic studies indicate that the phs1-1 mutation acts dominant negatively, whereas the null phs1-2 allele is recessive embryonic lethal. We propose that the PHS1 phosphatase regulates more than one MAPK and that a subset of its target kinases is involved in the organization of cortical microtubules.
Direct Role of a Viroid RNA Motif in Mediating Directional RNA Trafficking across a Specific Cellular Boundary[W]
Authors: Qi Yijun , Peélissier Thierry , Itaya Asuka , Hunt Elizabeth , Wassenegger Michael , Ding Biao
Published: July 2004

The plasmodesmata and phloem form a symplasmic network that mediates direct cell–cell communication and transport throughout a plant. Selected endogenous RNAs, viral RNAs, and viroids traffic between specific cells or organs via this network. Whether an RNA itself has structural motifs to potentiate trafficking is not well understood. We have used mutational analysis to identify a motif that the noncoding Potato spindle tuber viroid RNA evolved to potentiate its efficient trafficking from the bundle sheath into mesophyll that is vital to establishing systemic infection in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Surprisingly, this motif is not necessary for trafficking in the reverse direction (i.e., from the mesophyll to bundle sheath). It is not required for trafficking between other cell types either. We also found that the requirement for this motif to mediate bundle sheath-to-mesophyll trafficking is dependent on leaf developmental stages. Our results provide genetic evidence that (1) RNA structural motifs can play a direct role in mediating trafficking across a cellular boundary in a defined direction, (2) the bundle sheath–mesophyll boundary serves as a novel regulatory point for RNA trafficking between the phloem and nonvascular tissues, and (3) the symplasmic network remodels its capacity to traffic RNAs during plant development. These findings may help further studies to elucidate the interactions between RNA motifs and cellular factors that potentiate directional trafficking across specific cellular boundaries.
Allelic Variation of Gene Expression in Maize Hybrids[W]
Authors: Guo Mei , Rupe Mary A. , Zinselmeier Christopher , Habben Jeffrey , Bowen Benjamin A. , Smith Oscar S.
Published: July 2004

Allelic expression variation of nonimprinted autosomal genes has recently been uncovered in mouse hybrids and humans. The allelic expression variation is attributed to differences in noncoding DNA sequences and does not involve epigenetic regulation or gene imprinting. This expression variation is suggested to play important roles in determining phenotypic diversity. Virtually nothing is known about such allele-specific expression variation in a hybrid plant where two alleles are compared in the same genetic context. We examined parental transcript accumulation in maize (Zea mays) hybrids using allele-specific RT-PCR analysis. Among 15 genes analyzed, 11 showed differences at the RNA level, ranging from unequal expression of the two alleles (biallelic) to expression of a single allele (monoallelic). Maternal or paternal transmission had little effect on the allele-specific transcript ratio of nearly all genes analyzed, suggesting that parent-of-origin effect was minimal. We analyzed the allelic difference in genetically contrasting hybrids and hybrids under high planting density and drought stress. Whereas a genetically improved modern hybrid expressed both alleles, a less improved old hybrid frequently showed mono-allelic expression. Furthermore, the two alleles in the hybrid responded differentially to abiotic stresses. The results of allele-specific regulation in different tissues in responding to environment and stress suggest an unequivalent function of the parental alleles in the hybrid, which may have an impact on heterosis.
JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1Encodes a MYC Transcription Factor Essential to Discriminate between Different Jasmonate-Regulated Defense Responses in Arabidopsis[W]
Authors: Lorenzo Oscar , Chico Jose M. , Saénchez-Serrano Jose J. , Solano Roberto
Published: July 2004

In spite of the importance of jasmonates (JAs) as plant growth and stress regulators, the molecular components of their signaling pathway remain largely unknown. By means of a genetic screen that exploits the cross talk between ethylene (ET) and JAs, we describe the identification of several new loci involved in JA signaling and the characterization and positional cloning of one of them, JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 (JAI1/JIN1). JIN1 encodes AtMYC2, a nuclear-localized basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor, whose expression is rapidly upregulated by JA, in a CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1–dependent manner. Gain-of-function experiments confirmed the relevance of AtMYC2 in the activation of JA signaling. AtMYC2 differentially regulates the expression of two groups of JA-induced genes. The first group includes genes involved in defense responses against pathogens and is repressed by AtMYC2. Consistently, jin1 mutants show increased resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. The second group, integrated by genes involved in JA-mediated systemic responses to wounding, is activated by AtMYC2. Conversely, Ethylene-Response-Factor1 (ERF1) positively regulates the expression of the first group of genes and represses the second. These results highlight the existence of two branches in the JA signaling pathway, antagonistically regulated by AtMYC2 and ERF1, that are coincident with the alternative responses activated by JA and ET to two different sets of stresses, namely pathogen attack and wounding.
Successes and failures in the dairy industry
Authors: Pattisson Naomi , Lindgreen Adam
Published: July 2004

The UK milk industry has been in a state of rapid evolution following the dissolution in 1994 of the milk marketing boards. The paper examines dairy processing companies, milk collection co‐operatives and milk groups in the south west of England to assemble reasons for success and failures and compare them with north west France, with similar traditional dairying. The findings suggest the following opportunities as the best development potential for the dairy industry in south west England: mature cheddar, speciality cheeses, suitable territorial cheese varieties and other fresh cheeses; dairy desserts; and yoghurts, fromage frais and crème fraiche. A second tier of opportunities could take place through new on‐farm processing; expansion of the product range of existing companies; expansion of the Davidstow Creamery as a producer of mature cheddar; and new “green field” site developments by new entrants.
Intakes of beta‐carotene from its use as a food additive, fortificant and dietary supplement in France, Germany and the UK
Authors: Tennant D.R. , Gedrich K. , Godfrey D. , Davidson J.
Published: July 2004

Beta‐carotene producers and food manufacturers have collated information about the usage of beta‐carotene as a colourant and in fortified foods and food supplements. These data have been combined with food consumption data from some European countries consuming higher amounts of processed foods, to generate estimates of high‐level intake to compare with official advice. Intake estimates of beta‐carotene from food colour uses for German, French and British adults ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 mg/day. Pack dosage directions and beta‐carotene content were used to estimate intakes from supplements, which could range from less than 1 mg/day to 100 mg/day. However, for the majority of products recommended daily doses were less than 10 mg/day. Theoretical intakes from fortified drinks could exceed 5 mg/day, but this level of intake is unlikely to be maintained in the longer term. The most important sources of intake appeared to be from food supplements and fortified foods. Intakes of isolated beta‐carotene were comparable to intakes of natural beta‐carotene from the diet.
Whitening and sweetening influences on filter coffee preference
Authors: Narain Chanchal , Paterson Alistair , Piggott John R. , Dhawan Manisha , Reid Ewan
Published: July 2004

As a basis for development of new, and rationalisation of existing products, consumer preferences in commercial filter coffees were examined in a quantitative approach with multivariate mapping. Coffees were brewed from 12 ground bean blends and served to 150 consumers as drunk normally – black, whitened and/or sweetened. In a complete block design with two sessions of six coffees, employing randomisation to reduce order effects, hedonic data on a five‐point scale were collected then processed using Q‐mode principal component analysis yielding preference maps for each presentation. Conventional descriptive profiling provided information on blend characters allowing soft modelling to determine sensory attributes driving preference scoring. From univariate data analyses, gender was a significant factor for presentation style: addition of milk increased preference scores for blends in males and sugar reduced preference ratings for females. The outcome was a series of consumer segmentations for different coffee presentations.
The case for metadata harvesting
Authors: Simeoni Fabio
Published: July 2004

Metadata harvesting is an increasingly popular model of interaction between the mutually autonomous parties of medium, medium‐large federations of digital library services. With a harvesting protocol, in particular, resource descriptions locally available at each party can be served to remote applications for the implementation of federated services, such as resource discovery. This article offers a systematic explanation of the success of the model and its standard implementations in the context of current initiatives for national and international federations.
The DAEDALUS project, developing institutional repositories at Glasgow University: the story so far
Authors: Ashworth Susan , Mackie Morag , Nixon William J.
Published: July 2004

The DAEDALUS project is funded under the Joint Information Systems Committee, Focus on Access to Institutional Resources Programme for three years until June 2005. The project is based at the University of Glasgow and is developing online institutional repositories for the university, while at the same time encouraging debate and discussion about scholarly communications issues and is made up of two complementary strands: advocacy and service development. This paper sets out the achievements of the project to date and details some of the advocacy strategies that have been used to engage academic staff and researchers with the aims and objectives of the project. Also discussed are some of the barriers which have been faced in obtaining content for the repositories.
Agricultural scientific journals: a review of the situation in Venezuela
Authors: Isaac Chaparro‐Martínez Exio , María Maldonado Mitzay
Published: July 2004

Recently, Latin‐American periodical publications have been the subject of discussion in the library and information science literature. In consequence, scientific journals in Venezuela have received more particular attention. The objective of the present study was to review the basic conditions for the production and presentation of Venezuelan agricultural scientific journals included in the Venezuelan Scientific and Technological Publications Guide. The aims of the study were: to consider critical variables such as editorial quality and the national and international visibility of Venezuelan agricultural scientific journals; to determine their grade of compatibility with national and international standards; and to analyze their possible circulation in wide information retrieval networks. It was determined that the eight evaluated journals succeed in publishing the scientific advances of the national agronomic community with high editorial quality, thus achieving good circulation levels. These journals are published regularly, they are compatible with national and international editorial standards, and they demonstrate features associated with wide and efficient distribution across libraries, documentation centers, research institutions and universities.
Job satisfaction and gender: an expanded specification from the NLSY
Authors: Donohue Susan M. , Heywood John S.
Published: July 2004

Estimates the determinants of job satisfaction for younger US workers. While age representative data from both the USA and Britain routinely show women reporting greater job satisfaction, this is not true for the younger US cohort in National Longitudinal Survey of Youth sample. Finds no gender satisfaction gap, but does find that the job satisfaction of women is less sensitive to both actual and comparison earnings than that of men. Moreover, estimates an expanded specification showing substantial gender differences in the influence of fringe benefit provision (including childcare) on job satisfaction. The expanded specification also demonstrates that while general skills are associated with greater job satisfaction, specific skills are associated with lower job satisfaction, argues that the results are in keeping with human capital theory.
Guest editorial International marketing in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Chao Paul , Samiee Saeed , Yip Leslie S.C.
Published: July 2004

Presents and discusses areas for future research into international marketing in the Asia‐Pacific region based on recent trends and gaps in the literature. Continues and develops the themes presented in the first Special Issue on international marketing in the Asia‐Pacific region (International Marketing Review, Vol. 20 No. 5).
The marketing strategy‐performance relationship in an export‐driven developing economy
Authors: Lee Chol , Griffith David A.
Published: July 2004

The relationship between export marketing strategies and export performance is examined in Korea under the strategy‐environmental co‐alignment theoretical perspective put forth previously. A sample of managing directors of electronics exporters in Korea is used to test the hypotheses. Results indicate that the adaptation of products to foreign customers’ tastes, adjustment of export prices to foreign market conditions, direct exporting, and trade promotions toward overseas distributors positively influence the performance of Korea exporters. Expenditure on overseas advertising was not found to influence export performance. Implications for marketing practitioners and academics are addressed.
Culture, intercultural communication competence, and sales negotiation: a qualitative research approach
Authors: Chaisrakeo Sunanta , Speece Mark
Published: July 2004

Many companies are shifting their focus away from individual transactions toward developing long‐term, mutually supportive relationships with their customers. Salespeople are the main implementers of such relationships, as they act as the interface between companies and customers. Negotiation is an important part of relationship development, but salespeople’s negotiating styles are influenced by culture and the ability to adapt to cultures of specific markets and specific customers. This study proposes a simple conceptual model of how cultural issues at three different levels – national, organizational, individual – influence salespeople’s negotiating styles. Qualitative in‐depth interviews were employed to explore the impact of national culture, organizational culture, and individual sales rep competence in dealing with culture on salespeople’s negotiating styles.
Measuring buyers’ perceptions of conflict in business‐to‐business sales interactions
Authors: Reid David A. , Bolman Pullins Ellen , Plank Richard E. , Buehrer Richard E.
Published: July 2004

The study reported perceived sales interaction conflict (PSIC) as a construct in need of evaluation. As a first step toward validation of a PSIC measure, the study draws perceptual data from a sample of professional industrial buyers. The researchers provide evidence as to the dimensionality of PSIC and its relationship to other variables characteristic of the buyer‐seller relationship.
Analyzing exchanges through the use of value equations
Authors: Blois Keith
Published: July 2004

Firms enter into exchanges so that they can create value for themselves as well as their customers. Day's concept of customer value equations is reviewed and the concept of supplier value equations is introduced. Then the manner in which these two types of value equation can be used to identify opportunities for enhancing supplier and customer value is demonstrated.
The commitment of public sector Sweden to codes of ethics
Authors: Svensson Göran , Wood Greg , Callaghan Michael
Published: July 2004

This article examines the results of a study conducted of the top 100 public sector units in Sweden. These units are comprised of entities of government, municipalities, and county councils. The aim of the study was to examine and describe the commitment to codes of ethics in these Swedish public sector units. This article reports on the responses of those public sector units that possessed a code of ethics. The construct of commitment was measured by a consideration of the inputs, objectives and outputs of the code across six areas. The commitment to codes of ethics has an interest for those involved in the public sector in Sweden and society in general. Most public sector units are in the early stages of development and assimilation into overall ethics policies in code artefacts. On a specific level there are customized codes of ethics that are not always documented in a generic artefact. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided. Furthermore, suggestions for further research are proposed.
A qualitative evaluation of women as managers in the Nigerian Civil Service
Authors: Omar Ogenyi , Ogenyi Victoria
Published: July 2004

Discusses the role of women in management in the Nigerian Civil Service (NCS). The number of men in management in the NCS far exceeds the number of women. Women also function in a Nigerian society permeated by gender stereotypes. Tries to answer the question: “Why is a woman less likely to become a senior manager in the NCS?” Data were gathered from a selection of male and female managers who have the required experience and knowledge of women issues. The findings show that the debate about women's roles as managers has prompted a reassessment of the traditional negative stereotype of women as managers. Although women are being given some managerial opportunities, they are severely discriminated against. Thus the range of opportunities available to women is limited and the prospect of a woman being a senior manager is less favourable than for a man. Concludes that women are likely to bring a distinct style of management to the service and the NCS would benefit from more integration of women managers.
International financial analysis and the handicap of accounting diversity
Authors: Martínez Conesa Isabel , Ortiz Martínez Esther
Published: July 2004

Financial analysis at international level has to overcome a lot of obstacles that increase the uncertainty which the financial analyst is used to handling. It is commonly argued by accounting regulators, academics, and so on, that different accounting standards are one of these handicaps. For this reason European listed companies will be required in year 2005 to elaborate consolidated financial statements according to International Accounting Standards. Will it be a solution for the handicaps that face financial analysts? The objective of this study is to see how accounting diversity can be resolved and what are the conclusions of financial analysts in capital markets. The prior hypotheses will be: first, that accounting diversity is not what introduces the most important uncertainty in the international financial analysis, and second, that accounting diversity is avoided instead of being corrected. It is evidenced that the most important factors of diversity are strategies of the company and that analysts try to reduce the impact of accounting diversity, for example, using less biased ratios such as Enterprise Value/EBITDA.
Marketing in “survivor” medium‐sized British manufacturing firms: 1987‐1997
Authors: Brooksbank Roger , Kirby David , Taylor David
Published: July 2004

For many years scholars of marketing have advocated the importance of marketing as a key determinant of business performance, and particularly for small and medium‐sized enterprises. In the UK, efforts have been made to translate theory into practice in an attempt to improve the competitiveness of the country's small and medium‐sized enterprises. Indeed, since the mid‐1980s, it has been a matter of government policy that a considerable emphasis be placed on seeking to improve the marketing performance of small‐ and medium‐sized firms. Thus, this article examines the marketing activities of a sample of 42 medium‐sized manufacturing firms over a ten‐year period. It reveals that the 42 firms known to have survived the economic exigencies of the decade were amongst the most market oriented of those surveyed in 1987, and that they have embraced both the substance and trappings of marketing.
Imploding technologies – driven by the records management requirements?
Authors: Gouanou Mathieu , Marsh Mike
Published: July 2004

Provides an overview of recent developments in the Records Management and IT software vendor sectors, showing the interaction between the two. Presents an overview of record‐keeping requirements based on technical references; an illustrative sample of recent (2001‐2004) events, which provide an overview of trends in the IT software market; show the impact of regulations and newly introduced standards in driving user demand; and how that influences the vendors. Provides reference information, summarizes the key points and draws conclusions. Recognizes the impact that well‐informed records management professionals, by applying current standards, have on influencing the evolution of products and the approach taken by software providers. Provides an interesting, slightly provocative new perspective on events which might otherwise go unremarked, with food for thought, and highlights the current importance and influence of records management professionals.
Review of retention management software systems
Authors: Ekweozor Ugonwa , Theodoulidis Babis
Published: July 2004

Provides a review of the main features of the software available in the market that deal with retention management. Reviews a range of recently published works discussing retention management features and establishes a list of criteria. Reviews the most important and widely available software tools for retention management against these features and makes a comparison. Provides information about each how each criterion is satisfied by the reviewed tools and gives an overview on how the industry approaches retention management. Reveals that the list of the reviewed software is not exhaustive; also, the evaluation could have included more information on the tools and examples of how they can actually be used. Maintains, however, that this is a very useful source of information and impartial advice for everyone interested in retention management. Especially useful is the discussion on the future issues identified. Fulfils an identified information need for a discussion on how existing systems deal with retention management and offers help to an individual who wants to carry out research in this area.
The impact of strategic actions on the reputation building of e‐businesses
Authors: Bensebaa Faouzi
Published: July 2004

A certain number of theoretical trends consider a firm's reputation as valuable intangible assets. For companies in dematerialized e‐commerce, which is not protected by traditional entry barriers, reputation may be one of the key sources of competitive advantage. Assuming that firms’ assets result from flows of strategic actions, this research examines – over the 1999‐2002 period – the strategic actions underlying the reputations of Lastminute.com and Ebookers.com. Relying on an inductive approach, this research shows how Lastminute managed to build up its reputation through three types of actions – symbolical, competitive and relational – on the one hand, and through achieving a balance between those three types of action and the frequency of those actions, on the other hand. Finally, this research suggests a system linking the properties of those strategic actions to the firm's reputation building.
A simulation model of quick response replenishment of seasonal clothing
Authors: Al‐Zubaidi Hassan , Tyler David
Published: July 2004

Stochastic computer‐simulation models have been constructed of the clothing supply chain and applied to retail inventory control. This quantifies the performance of quick response procedures for seasonal merchandise, thus creating an analytical tool. They are designed to investigate the effects of improved retailing and supply procedures on financial and other performance measures using two supply strategies: fixed quantity re‐ordering and fixed interval re‐ordering. These offer a wide range of options in experimentation. They permit an evaluation of both purchasing systems in relation to different quantities and lead‐time scenarios. Experimental work with both models has shown that if the replenishment time exceeds two weeks, the potential for lost sales greatly increases. This provides a benchmark figure for assessing the responsiveness of clothing industry supply chains.
Comparing the effectiveness of fixed and discounted prices in the US and South Korea
Authors: Suri Rajneesh , Manchanda Rajesh V. , Lee Sungho
Published: July 2004

Building on research that has studied cultural differences between South Korea and the USA, the authors' conceptualization suggests that products associated with fixed and discounted price formats would be evaluated differently in these two countries. The differences in product evaluations were expected to lead to differences in perceptions of quality, monetary sacrifice and value of offers between the two pricing formats. These predictions were tested using laboratory experiments conducted in South Korea and the USA. Results showed that Korean subjects’ evaluated a product that was discounted in price to be superior in quality and value and lower in monetary sacrifice than when it was the full price. The US subjects however, reacted in an opposite manner and evaluated products with discounted prices as inferior in quality and value in comparison to a fixed price. These findings were robust across two discount conditions (15 percent and 20 percent off).
Ericsson's proactive supply chain risk management approach after a serious sub‐supplier accident
Authors: Norrman Andreas , Jansson Ulf
Published: July 2004

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is of growing importance, as the vulnerability of supply chains increases. The main thrust of this article is to describe how Ericsson, after a fire at a sub‐supplier, with a huge impact on Ericsson, has implemented a new organization, and new processes and tools for SCRM. The approach described tries to analyze, assess and manage risk sources along the supply chain, partly by working close with suppliers but also by placing formal requirements on them. This explorative study also indicates that insurance companies might be a driving force for improved SCRM, as they now start to understand the vulnerability of modern supply chains. The article concludes with a discussion of risk related to traditional logistics concepts (time, cost, quality, agility and leanness) by arguing that supply chain risks should also be put into the trade‐off analysis when evaluating new logistics solutions – not with the purpose to minimize risks, however, but to find the efficient level of risk and prevention.
Children's “social capital”: implications for health and well‐being
Authors: Morrow Virginia
Published: July 2004

This paper discusses some of the health implications of data produced in the course of a research project that explored the usefulness of the concept of “social capital” in relation to the health and well‐being of children. The research used qualitative methods to explore 12–15 year olds' subjective experiences of their neighbourhoods, their quality of life, the nature of their social networks, and their participation in their communities. The research was carried out in two schools in relatively deprived wards in a town in South East England. The sample comprised 101 boys and girls in two age bands: 12–13 year olds and 14–15 year olds, with a significant proportion from minority ethnic groups. The paper adapts a “social determinants of health” model to explore the data, and concludes by suggesting that while “social capital” may be a useful tool with which to explore social context and social processes, a rights‐based framework could also be a valuable way of addressing health inequalities and quality‐of‐life issues for this age group.
The empowerment principle: casualties of two schools' failure to grasp the nettle
Authors: Gordon Jacki , Turner Katrina M.
Published: July 2004

Pupil autonomy, empowerment and clarity of school rules are factors underpied that the schools subscribed to different philosophies regarding pupil management. One school was largely authoritarian in its approach and the other was overly lenient. This paper emphasises the importance of furthering democratic principles of pupil participation within the context of clear rules and boundaries.
Young people's computer use: implications for health education
Authors: Alexander Leslie M. , Currie Candace
Published: July 2004

Increasing numbers of young people use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for education, work and leisure activities. Research on ICT and Upper Limb Disorders (ULDs) in adults has shown that functional impairment, pain and discomfort in the upper limbs, neck and shoulder increases with frequency and duration of exposure to computer use. This paper reports secondary analyses of the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross‐National Study (HBSC). Data from 11‐, 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds living in Scotland have been used to illustrate that extended periods of time spent computing are associated with neck/shoulder pain and headache. This is a topic which warrants a place on theHealth Educationagenda.
The relationships among perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived product value
Authors: Snoj Boris , Pisnik Korda Aleksandra , Mumel Damijan
Published: July 2004

Perceived value is an extremely important concept in marketing and many authors have dealt with it in recent years. In Slovenia perceived value of product is a rather neglected aspect of the research. Moreover, nobody has empirically researched the impact of individual factors on perceived value of a product. The researched target group was students – the fastest growing segment among the users of mobile phones in Slovenia. In their research the authors focused on two of the perceived value impact factors: perceived product quality and perceived risk. Based on literature and our own findings, their main researched objective was to design the model of relationships among perceived value, perceived quality and perceived risk. After the model had been tested with the method of structural equation modeling (LISREL 8.0), the authors found that statistically significant relationships (positive and negative, direct and indirect) among the concepts researched exist.
Dimensionalising on‐ and offline brands' composite equity
Authors: Christodoulides George , de Chernatony Leslie
Published: July 2004

This paper approaches the subject of brand equity measurement on and offline. The existing body of research knowledge on brand equity measurement has derived from classical contexts; however, the majority of today's brands prosper simultaneously online and offline. Since branding on the Web needs to address the unique characteristics of computer‐mediated environments, it was posited that classical measures of brand equity were inadequate for this category of brands. Aaker's guidelines for building a brand equity measurement system were thus followed and his brand equity ten was employed as a point of departure. The main challenge was complementing traditional measures of brand equity with new measures pertinent to the Web. Following 16 semi‐structured interviews with experts, ten additional measures were identified.
Comparing double jeopardy effects at the behavioral and attitudinal levels
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subir , Gupta Kunal
Published: July 2004

The marketing phenomenon known as the double jeopardy (DJ) effect has continued to intrigue marketing scholars and practitioners over the last four decades. It is often found that, vis‐à‐vis the more popular brands, the less popular brands not only attract fewer customers but these customers buy these brands less frequently. The term “double jeopardy” is used to express this twin disadvantage faced by the less popular brands. Marketing researchers have shown that the DJ effect extends to many product categories (e.g. toothpaste or coffee), media (e.g. radio and television), and distribution channels (e.g. individual stores). Attitudinal measures are developed for both brand penetration and its frequency of use: two key elements used to measure the DJ effect. It is also empirically demonstrated, using attitudinal and behavioral data supplied by a large multinational company, how attitudinal measures unravel strengths and vulnerabilities of individual brands and how these insights can help managers in accurate brand positioning.
Consumers' perception of odd‐ending prices with the introduction of the Euro
Authors: Guido Gianluigi , Peluso Alessandro
Published: July 2004

This paper analyzes: the psychological effects that the introduction of the Euro in Italy has on consumers; and their perception of Euro odd prices, that is those prices that fall just below a round number. The aim is to provide some answers to an important question for retailers: How profitable is using odd prices expressed in Euros instead of in the old currency? Results show that consumers, sometimes, prefer round prices rather than odd‐ending ones, although the latter elicits a discounted‐price image more than the corresponding round one. Moreover, consumers tend to underestimate odd prices during perception and to convert them into Lire through an approximation heuristic strategy. In certain choice sets, odd prices are likely to affect the consumers’ heuristics.
A repository of our own: the E‐LIS e‐prints archive
Authors: Medeiros Norm
Published: July 2004

This article reviews the E‐Prints in Library and Information Science (E‐LIS) open access archive. E‐LIS is part of the Research in Computing, Library and Information Science (RCLIS) project, an international effort to organize and disseminate scholarly papers in librarianship and related fields. E‐LIS uses open source applications, and joins a growing number of OAI‐compliant services dedicated to providing free access to scholarly information.
Free as in Tibet: ibiblio's cultural cultivation and community creation
Authors: West Jessamyn
Published: July 2004

ibiblio is a digital library hosted at the University of North Carolina‐Chapel Hill that manages to be both a repository for cultural information and a resource for community building. The project has existed in many forms since the beginning of the web, and has maintained a core commitment to open source software and tools. ibiblio's maintainers have continually expanded the project's offerings in response to the availability of new technologies and the support of financial and technological partners. Their newest project is an open source weblog development and distribution system.
The Secular Revolution: Power, Interests, and Conflict in the Secularization of American Public Life
Authors: Sarles Harvey
Published: July 2004

The Secular Revolution is an examination of the means by which the university as an institution enabled the secularization of America. From a dominant Protestant establishment in the mid‐1800s, science, psychology, law, journalism, medicine and biology authorized the secular revolution. A rising capitalism, a continuing immigrant population increasing the power of cities, also played important roles in this radical shift. Beyond analysis, the problem of this book is strategic, attempting virtually to undo the secular revolution, and to return America to its rightful scientific, political, and religious form.
Spinning the Semantic Web
Authors: Mukundan Sasikumar
Published: July 2004

From the quiet new born days of early 1990s, the World Wide Web has had an exponential growth in the last decade or so. From the original goal of sharing research resources, Web today portrays a virtual world spanning from research to entertainment and e‐commerce. This growth has necessitated substantial changes in the Web model. From the purely syntactic and relatively static framework of HTML, we have moved through DHTML and XML incorporating dynamicity and extensibility, and are now en route semantic frameworks starting with RDF. These allow Web documents to be comprehensible to machines (and not just to humans) allowing software agents to access and process such information on the Web. This leads us to semantic Web, and thus to a generation of Web applications based on Web services, adaptive content delivery, etc. Spinning the Semantic Web is based on papers presented in a seminar in Germany in 2000, and sketches the vario elements of semantic Web, the issues in realising it as well as some visions of the future. The stimulating forward to the book by Tim Berners‐Lee, recently Knighted and widely regarded as the father of the Web, portrays his vision of semantic Web. The chapters explore specific issues such as ontologies, schema languages, annotations, applications, etc. The chapters are largely unorganised and presented without any cross‐linking and most chapters use a fair amount of domain jargon. The book will be of value to those seriously interested in the field.
A typology of burnout types among police managers
Authors: Loo Robert
Published: July 2004

This exploratory study used a two‐stage cluster analysis procedure and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify burnout types in a sample of 135 male Canadian police managers in the Sergeant/Staff Sergeant ranks. Three clusters were identified: Laissez‐Faire managers (n=15), well‐adjusted managers (n=74), and distressed managers (n=46). A discriminant analysis of the three clusters using the 22 MBI items yielded two significant functions; one function reflected emotional exhaustion and depersonalization items and the other function personal accomplishment items. The functions correctly classified 94.1 percent of the managers. Implications for organizational policies and programs were presented for tackling police manager burnout as well as recommendations for further research on burnout types.
Using learning as a construct to measure civilian review board impact on the police
Authors: de Guzman Melchor C. , Frank James
Published: July 2004

Determining the impact of civilian review board on the police is a challenging process. The task is complicated due to the absence of baseline data that will account for observed changes in citizen complaints, especially if the concept is a novelty in a particular jurisdiction. Likewise, using traditional measures of impact such as the number of complaints or conviction rates is problematic due to a variety of confounding factors. This study examines the perceptions of complainants and officers concerning the impact of civilian review boards. Using data collected through surveys of police officers and complainants in a metropolitan area in the Philippines, the study focuses on “learning” as a viable construct to measure the impact of civilian review boards and the perceived deterrent effects of these boards. The research found that civilian review boards have a significant impact on police officer perceptions as well as on the police department. The study also shows that learning may be a viable measure for studying the impact of civilian review boards.
The process of audit and control – a comparison of manual and electronic information systems
Authors: Allinson Caroline
Published: July 2004

A question is posed; have audit and control of information in a high security environment, such as law enforcement, improved or not in the transition from manual to electronic processes? This paper attempts to elucidate this question by a thorough examination of information collection, control of processing and audit in manual processes used by the Queensland Police Service, Australia, during the period 1940‐1980. It assesses those processes against current electronic systems essentially introduced to policing in the decades of the 1980s and 1990s. The results of this assessment show that electronic systems provide for faster communications with centrally controlled and updated information readily available for use by large number of users connected across significant geographical locations. It is clearly evident that the price paid for this is a lack of ability and/or reluctance to provide improved audit and control processes. Thus, the claim can be made that audit and control processes may be considered to have been downgraded in the electronic world where standard commercial systems are used.
Web usage statistics and Web site evaluation: a case study of a government publications library Web site
Authors: Xue Susan
Published: July 2004

Web usage statistics are often used as a tool for assessing a Web site, despite some of their drawbacks. This paper attempts to evaluate a government publications library Web site by studying its usage statistics. It examines organization, including access, searchability, and structure, of electronic government information in subject directory format. This study reveals that a subject directory Web site is an important tool for distributing electronic government information, but it requires continuous development. The usage statistics are useful in monitoring search engine ranking, improving display, structure, and searchability.
Quantifying Web‐site visits using Web statistics: an extended cybermetrics study
Authors: Jana Sanghamitra , Chatterjee Supratim
Published: July 2004

The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the accessibility and lineament of a Web site through statistical analysis of the site log files using any available software, and to identify some effective measure of usage and do prediction of future usage using linear trend line approach. This Web tracking program also examined the geographic distribution of users and usage patterns of the Web pages, the peak usage times, etc. In analysing Web site traffic and to report on activity and volume of visitors, three most common measurements, hits, page views and user sessions, are used. After a thorough and periodic study of the reports of TERI's Web page activity, it is found that TERI achieved a unique milestone of one million hits during the month of April 2002.