bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novas regionalizações em cidades médias: a regulamentação das aglomerações urbanas em Minas Gerais e a proposta de criação da Região Metropolitana de Montes Claros
Authors: França Iara Soares , Santos Luara Martins de Oliva
Published: September 2023

A Constituição Federal de 1988 instituiu a Política Urbana no país, que estabeleceu a regionalização a partir de Regiões Metropolitanas/RMs, Aglomerações Urbanas/AUs e Microrregiões. Posteriormente, o Estatuto da Cidade e o Estatuto da Metrópole foram criados para regulamentar a política urbana brasileira. Tendo como base o histórico da criação de RMs e AUs no Brasil, este artigo analisa as diretrizes expressas no Projeto de Lei Complementar/PLC 11/15 sobre a Região Metropolitana de Montes Claros (RMMOC) e a Lei Complementar/LC 159/21 de Aglomerações Urbanas em Minas Gerais. A abordagem metodológica combinou pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas regiões metropolitanas, aglomerações urbanas e metropolização em cidades médias, com pesquisa documental sobre as legislações aqui consideradas. Ao analisar as duas legislações, identifica-se que o PLC 11/15 apresenta orientações detalhadas para a criação da RMMOC, incluindo a criação de um Fundo de Desenvolvimento Metropolitano de Montes Claros. Por outro lado, a LC 159/21 traz aspectos gerais sobre a criação de Aglomerações Urbanas e microrregiões. Constituindo-se como mecanismo de regionalização, planejamento e gestão em MG, para além das RMs, as AUs poderiam incidir em melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, bem como fomentar novos formatos de planejamento e gestão urbana, particularmente, em cidades médias.
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Blood Groups of Students Nursing College with Their Test-Phobia Symptoms among Them
Authors: Al-Hamoodi Astabrak Ali Naji
Published: September 2023

Globally marked increase in problems of body weight and psychological problems like test-phobia among students which can lead to negative academic, emotional or health problems. Both of these are affected by some of the students' diverse physical traits such as demographic characteristics and blood group. The study aims to describe the relationship between body mass index and types of blood groups for nursing students with test-phobia symptoms. The descriptive-analytic study was conducted in the College of Nursing at University of Kufa during the 2021s. The simple random sample used included 388 students (276 female and 112 male). The tool of study consisted of two parts. The first part related to demographic characteristics as well as, BMI; while the second part related to the Sarson scale for test-phobia. The results of the study revealed more than 40% had blood group type O (+ or -) more than 68% had normal body weight according to BMI with more than 90% having symptoms of test-phobia. There is an insignificant relationship between BMI with types of blood group and symptoms of test phobia among students and there is a statistically significant relationship between gender and their age with symptoms of test-phobia at p-value (0.05). The study concluded that most of the students had severe levels of test-phobia with normal BMI. There is a significant relationship between test phobia with some demographic characteristics like age and gender, but there is an insignificant relationship between symptoms of test phobia with BMI of students or their blood groups. The students with class O (+ or -) had high levels of test-phobia than other ABO blood groups. So, the study recommended conducting educational programs on how to deal with test-phobia for students, especially medical and nursing students to decrease these symptoms and encourage them to participate in social activities and use relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, closing their eyes, and positive visualization.
GEOCHEMICAL PARTITIONING OF HEAVY METALS IN THE URBAN SOIL, KIRKUK, IRAQ
Authors: Al-Hamdani Jawdat Abdul Jalil , Awadh Salih Muhammad , Ibrahim Ommer Sabah
Published: September 2023

This work focused on anthropogenic influences of the trace metals distribution in the soils of Kirkuk city. Sequential extraction technique was used to determine the distribution of the chemical fractions of Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Cr and V in soil of Kirkuk city. This area is affected mainly by burning oil trash. Results show that these heavy metals were primarily restricted to surface horizons and mostly associated with the residual fraction (28.8 – 50%). The remnant fractions (13.8 – 33.1%) linked to the organic matter, 7.9 – 27.2% was bound to Fe-Mn oxide, 0.7 – 27.9 was bound to carbonate. Only a small amount of the total metals in the soil is exchangeable (0.5 – 4.2%) and water soluble (0 – 4.1%) fractions. Ag, Cd, Cu, As, Cr and V mainly associated to organic matter fraction; Co, Ni and Zn mostly bound to Fe-Mn oxide fraction; Pb primarily bound to the carbonate fraction. Metals that are bound to the organic matter fraction could be released under oxic conditions, while those associated with Fe-Mn oxide and carbonate fraction could be leached out by changes in the ionic composition and pH. The mobility factors for the metals in the surface soil ranged from 0 to 36 for Ag, 22.2 to 43.6 for Cd, 5.3 to 20.8 for Ni, 16.1 to 41.2 for Pb, 7.3 to 37.9 for Zn, 10.4 to 22.9 for As, 3.2 to 12.3 for Cr and 2.4 to 9.4 for V. The high level of metals remnant as residual fraction coupled with low values of mobility factors, indicate that these metals do not cause any environmental risk or hazard.
CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE/ NITRITE IN GROUNDWATER WELLS IN BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ
Authors: Al-Paruany Kamal B. , Fatah Eman H. , Abud-Salam Adwia
Published: September 2023

Both Nitrate and Nitrite are naturally occurring in the environment, products by oxidation of nitrogen by microorganism in plants, soil and water. The objective of this study was to investigate and determine the nitrate/ nitrite compounds in groundwater wells of Baghdad city/ Iraq. During a period of three months (January, April and August 2014), 26 samples of water were examined. The results showed that mean Nitrate concentration in water samples were 52.66 ppm, 15.03 ppm, 8.53 ppm, 12.30 ppm, 13.36 ppm, 50.56 ppm for three Months (January, April and August) and Nitrite concentration were 4.05 ppm, 072 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.88 ppm, 1.05 ppm, 3.11 ppm at Dyala Ridge, Salikh, Doura, Al-Jadria, Ghazalyia – Ammiria, and Abu-Ghreeb locations, respectively. Both Nitrate, Nitrite in Two area (Abu-Ghreeb, Dyala) had been more than the others locations due to increasing use of artificial fertilizers, the disposal of wastes and changes in land use are the main factors responsible for the progressive increase in nitrate/ Nitrite levels in both locations. One of the important issue that protection these area by apply many actions to reduce or remove nitrate concentration from groundwater.
EVALUATION OF IRAQI COASTS USING LITTORAL AND MARINE BIVALVE SHELLS
Authors: Al-Jaberi Mohanad H. , Al-Dabbas Moutaz A.
Published: September 2023

The geochemical analysis of both of Crassostrea cucullata and Chione californensis shells and hydrochemical analyses of water are carried out to study the environmental evaluation in the Iraqi coasts. Shells and water are collected during low tide period (March to August 2011), from seven different stations (Fadakia, Rass AlBishah, Khor Abdullah, Khor Shytianah, Hacham Island, Khor AlZubair and Shatt AlBasrah). The hydrochemical analyses reflect two zones of water salinity, Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah of brackish water with TDS range (15148 – 18130 ppm), and the other marine coastal sites of saline water with TDS range (34123 – 45220 ppm). XRD of shells of Chione californensis reveals that they have two layers, an inner layer constitutes of aragonite and outer layer constitutes of calcite, while the shells of Crassostrea cucullata have only calcite layer. Water salinity increasing associate with increase of major chemical constituents of oyster shells. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca values in the coastal line Crassostrea cucullata shells are higher than Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah shells that may be due to increment of salinity in the coastal line compared with Fadakia and Shatt AlBasrah areas. Zn, Cu, Pb, Sr, and Cr metals in Khor Shytianah Crassostrea cucullata are higher than the other areas may attribute to higher contamination in this area. The chemical constituents of CaO%, MgO, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in Khor Shytianah and Hacham Island Chione californensis shells are higher than Khor Abdullan shells, this result may be indicator to higher salinity of sea water in Khor Shytianah and Hacham Island compare with the sea water of Khor Abdullah. Heavy metals (Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, Zn, Ba, Cr, Th, Mo, and Pb) in Khor Shytianah Chione californensis shells were more than the other shells may be due to high range of contamination of sea water by this metal.
HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FEED WATER IN THE WESTERN PART OF HUWAIZA MARSH, MAISSAN GOVERNORATE, SOUTH OF IRAQ
Authors: Al-Dabbas Moutaz A. , Al-Obaidy Abdul Hameed M. , Abed Talib K.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the western part of Huwaiza Marsh, in Maissan Governorate; southern Iraq. This study was conducted during April to August 2013, where 13 stations have been selected: four stations represent the feed water and nine stations located in the western part of Huwaiza Marsh. The total dissolved solids (TDS) range from (1175 to 1387) mg/L and from (1594 to 2481) mg/L for the feed water and Huwaiza Marsh water, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) values for the feed water and Huwaiza Marsh range from (1782 to 2400) μs/cm for the former and from (2630 to 3517) μs/cm for the later. The pH values range from (7.7 to 8.2) for the feed water and from (7.4 to 7.5) for the Huwaiza Marsh water. The results of chemicals analysis of dissolved cations and anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and NO3-) showed different values, and the concentration is decreasing during winter season, because of the high water levels, and increasing during the summer season due to low water levels. The marsh water is unsuitable for human drinking, because most of the variable’s rates exceeded the permissible limits and they are acceptable grade for livestock and poultry.
KONSEP KEDAULATAN RAKYAT DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD PADA SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM SECARA LANGSUNG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulistiono Sandy , Boediningsih Widyawati
Published: September 2023

Dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (selanjutnya disebut sebagai UUD NRI 1945) bahwa kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan berdasarkan konstitusi. Atas dasar amanat dari Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945 dan demi menjamin tercapainya cita-cita dan tujuan nasional sebagaimana termaktub dalam pembukaan UUD NRI 1945 perlu diselenggarakan pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, dan untuk memilih anggota Dewan perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, sebagai sarana perwujudan kedaulatan ralgrat untuk menghasilkan wakil rakyat dan pemerintahan negara yang demokratis berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD NRI 1945. Terkhusus dalam pelaksanaan pemilihan presiden (pilpres) secara langsung di Indonesia dikenal istilah ambang batas pencalonan presiden atau presidential threshold, yakni syarat minimal persentase kepemilikan kursi di DPR atau persentase raihan suara bagi partai politik atau gabungan partai politik untuk mencalonkan presiden dan wakil presiden. Pengaturan presidential threshold telah berjalan sedari Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden secara langsung di tahun 2004 yang didasarkan pada Pasal 5 Ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Di tahun 2004, besaran presidential threshold berada di angka 15% suara DPR atau 20% suara sah secara nasional yang diperoleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik dalam Pemilu DPR. Pengaturan inilah yang menimbulkan pertanyaan, apakah presidential threshold sudah sesuai dengan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat.
AKIBAT HUKUM KETIDAKHADIRAN PENGGUGAT PADA SIDANG PERKARA PERDATA DALAM AGENDA PEMBUKTIAN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PERKARA NOMOR: 80 / PDT.G / 2020 / PN. PLG)
Authors: Kusumawardhana Mohammad Maulana , Kasra Helwan , Aprita Serlika
Published: September 2023

Suatu tatanan kehidupan bermasyarakat yang menjadi tujuan dalam hukum adalah mendapatkan keadilan, yaitu sama rata dalam mencapai hukum yang adil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjamin hak-hak para pihak agar tidak ada yang merasa dirugikan, justru apabila tetap memaksakan aturan yang sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan kondisi yang ada di masyarakat tersebut maka para pihak tersebut akan dirugikan tujuan, Jenis penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu penelitian hukum normative. Pendekatan yang diambil yaitu, pendekatan filsafat (Philosophy Approach), pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), pendekatan kasus (Case Approach), jenis dan sumber hukum lainnya dihubungkan dasar hukum dan keterangan para ahli maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Pertama, Akibat hukum jika Penggugat tidak hadir pada sidang pertama perkara perdata maka gugatan Penggugat gugur hal ini sesuai dengan Pasal 124 HIR. Bahwa Hukum acara perdata sudah mengatur sangat tegas tentang hak-hak dan kewajiban baik itu Penggugat atau Tergugat, jika Penggugat yang mengajukan gugatannya tidak hadir setelah pada waktu sidang yang ditentukan sedangkan Relaas penggilan kepada Penggugat sudah patut maka hakim akan menggugurkan gugatannya.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG DENGAN PREDICAT CRIME TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN YANG HARTANYA DIRAMPAS UNTUK NEGARA STUDI PUTUSANMAHKAMAHAGUNG NO. 3096 K/PID.SUS/2018
Authors: Gulo Iman Rahmat , Sunarmi Sunarmi , Mulyadi Mahmud
Published: September 2023

Tindak pidana pencucian uang semakin kompleks, melintasi batas-batas yurisdiksi, serta menggunakan modus yang semakin variatif, salah satu tindak pidana asal pencucian uang adalah penipuan. Terjadi di wilayah hukum pengadilan negeri Depok, pelaku pencucian uang yang berasal dari penipuan dihukum dengan pidana penjara, aset hasil tindak pidana dirampas untuk negara dan bukan dikembalikan kepada korban. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap korban penipuan, bagaimana mekanisme perampasan dan pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana yang berasal dari harta korban penipuan, serta analisis dasar pertimbangan hakim pada putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 3096 K/Pid.Sus/2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pertama, perlindungan hukum bagi korban tindak pidana pencucian uang yang berasal dari penipuan adalah melalui permohonan restitusi diatur pada undang-undang perlindungan saksi dan korban.. Kedua, penyitaan dan perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana pencucian uang yang berasal dari tindak pidana penipuan di diatur berdasarkan ketentuan KUHAP dan undang-undang terkait. Ketiga, dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Nomor : 3096 K/Pid.Sus 2018 adalah barang-barang bukti merupakan hasil kejahatan yang disita dari para Terdakwa yang telah terbukti selain melakukan tindak pidana “Penipuan” juga terbukti melakukan tindak pidana “Pencucian Uang” oleh karenanya berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 39 KUHP juncto Pasal 46 KUHAP barang-barang bukti tersebut dirampas untuk negara.
SERTIFIKAT HAK PAKAI UNTUK BERBAGAI PULAU KECIL TERLUAR DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN TEORI KEPASTIAN HUKUM
Authors: Probondaru Ignatius Pradipa , Setyorini Dyah , Pandamdari Endang
Published: September 2023

Indonesia adalah Negara yang terdiri dari berbagai pulau sejumlah 17.000 lebih pulau yang membentang luas. Wilayah laut Indonesia melebihi luas daratannya. Menyadari bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan, dimana jumlah pulau pulau kecil terluar banyak, maka untuk menjaga kedaulatan negara, sekaligus meningkatkan kemakmuran rakyat, perlu dilakukan penataan pemanfaatan pulau pulau kecil terluar melalui penSertifikatan tanah. Permasalahan yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terkait penerbitan Sertifikat Hak Pakai untuk pulau-pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia menurut hukum tanah nasional dan bagaimana Sertifikat hak pakai untuk pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia ditinjau dari teori kepastian hukum. Adapun tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan penerbitan Sertifikat hak pakai untuk pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia menurut hukum tanah nasional dan menggambarkan sertifikat hak pakai untuk berbagai pulau kecil yang berada paling luar pada wilayah Indonesia berdasarkan teori kepastian hukum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan. Penelitian menemukan hasil penerbitan Sertifikat hak pakai untuk pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia menurut hukum tanah nasional dilaksanakan sebagaimana diatur dalam UUPA dan peraturan pelaksanaannya. Sertifikat tersebut menjadi bukti pemilikan yang paling kuat. Sertifikat Hak Pakai untuk pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia ditinjau dari teori kepastian hukum memberikan jaminan bagi Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan sebagai pihak yang menguasai pulau tersebut untuk kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan perikanan, sekaligus pula sebagai wujud kedaulatan negara Republik Indonesia.
ASPEK HUKUM TERKAIT DENGAN PERJANJIAN ASURANSI MENURUT KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Siregar Bonanda Japatani , Saragih Alkausar , Maryani Halimatul , Halim Abdul
Published: September 2023

Di Indonesia sendiri sudah banyak perusahaan-perusahaan yang berjalan dibidang asuransi ini, tinggal kita memilah dan memilih asuransi mana yang akan kita ambil sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keuangan kita. Untuk bisa memilih dan memilah asuransi tersebut, maka diperlukan pengetahuan yang cukup tentang pengertian dasar-dasar asuransi. Maka dari itu penulis bermaksud menuliskan pengetahuan tentang dasar-dasar pengetahuan tentang asuransi. Badan yang menyalurkan risiko disebut "tertanggung", dan badan yang menerima risiko disebut "penanggung". Perjanjian antara kedua badan ini disebut kebijakan : ini adalah sebuah kontrak legal yang menjelaskan setiap istilah dan kondisi yang dilindungi. Biaya yang dibayar oleh "tertanggung" kepada "penanggung untuk risiko yang ditanggung disebut "premi". asuransi bisa memberikan ketenangan dan kemudahan dalam urusan, karena dengan kita memiliki asuransi tak perlu lagi cemas untuk menghadapi risiko yang akan datang dimasa datang, dan juga memudahkan kita dalam menghadapi urusan jika sewaktu – waktu terjadi musibah atau bencana kita tak dipusingkan dengan pembebanan risiko atau pun kerugian karena telah ada perusahaan yang akan menanggung semua itu sesuai perjanjian yang sudah di buat. Tujuan nya adalah untuk mengkaji tentang aspek hukum yang terkait dengan perjanjian asuransi khusus dalam aspek kitab undang-undanghukum perdata.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS JUAL BELI TANAH DIHADAPAN NOTARIS SEBAGAI PERALIHAN JAMINAN HUTANG (Studi putusan No.3617 I C/Pdt/2016)
Authors: Laia Alex Safri , Chandra Tommy , Butarbutar Fefri , Ramadhana Widodo , Nisa Ardina Khoirun
Published: September 2023

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek yuridis dalam proses jual beli tanah yang dilakukan di hadapan notaris sebagai bentuk peralihan jaminan hutang. Jual beli tanah ialah salah satu transaksi yang kompleks dan memerlukan perlindungan hukum yang kuat, terutama dalam hal peralihan hak kepemilikan tanah dan pengamanan hak kreditur melalui jaminan hutang. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini ialah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum yang relevan. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang terkait dengan jual beli tanah di hadapan notaris sebagai peralihan jaminan hutang. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa proses jual beli tanah di hadapan notaris memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat dalam peralihan hak kepemilikan. Notaris sebagai pejabat umum yang berwenang memiliki peran penting dalam melindungi kepentingan kedua belah pihak dalam transaksi tersebut. Selain itu, jaminan hutang juga menjadi faktor penting dalam proses jual beli tanah, karena memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan kepada kreditur dalam hal pelunasan hutang. Namun, terdapat beberapa tantangan dan permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan jual beli tanah di hadapan notaris sebagai peralihan jaminan hutang. Salah satunya ialah adanya potensi penyalahgunaan wewenang dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam transaksi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengawasan yang ketat dan penegakan hukum yang efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya praktik-praktik yang merugikan. Kesimpulannya, proses jual beli tanah di hadapan notaris sebagai peralihan jaminan hutang memiliki kekuatan hukum yang penting dalam melindungi hak dan kepentingan kedua belah pihak. Namun, perlu adanya upaya dalam meningkatkan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum guna mengatasi tantangan dan permasalahan yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan transaksi tersebut. Diharapkan riset ini dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dan rekomendasi yang bermanfaat dalam pengembangan sistem hukum terkait jual beli tanah di hadapan notaris sebagai peralihan jaminan hutang.
PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN ROYA PARTIAL OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN PERMENATR/BPN RI NOMOR 5 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PELAYANAN HAK TANGGUNGAN ELEKTRONIK KANTOR PERTANAHAN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Sitanggang Putri , Yamin Muhammad , Sembiring Rosnidar
Published: September 2023

Layanan HT secara digital telah diterapkan pada tanggal 8 Juli 2020 tidak adanya pengalaman transisi dan pemberitahuan yang memadai, yang mengakibatkan masalah bagi para penggunanya. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi dua aspek utama: pertama, pelaksanaan mekanisme layanan HT secara digital bagi Penerima Utang dan PPAT; dan selanjutnya, strategi dalam hal mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemakai layanan HT secara digital. Penelitian ini mengambil pendekatan hukum normatif dan mengandalkan wawasan dari narasumber yang merupakan pengguna Hak Tanggungan Elektronik. Ini melibatkan analisis bahan hukum dan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan beberapa poin penting sebagai berikut: Pertama, proses implementasi layanan Hak Tanggungan Elektronik dimulai dengan pembuatan dan validasi APHT oleh PPAT. Dokumen ini kemudian didaftar secara digital di Kantor Pertanahan, dan selanjutnya, Sertifikat Hak Tanggungan dihasilkan atas permintaan dan dicetak oleh penerima Hak Tanggungan. Berikutnya, dalam hal penyelesaian hambatan yang dihadapi oleh pengguna Hak Tanggungan Elektronik melibatkan kepatuhan pada Petunjuk Teknis yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian ATR pada tanggal 29 April 2020. Sebagian besar hambatan ini berakar pada sistem IT dan server Layanan HT Elektronik. Pengguna HT-e diharuskan mengkomunikasikan masalah mereka kepada penyedia layanan, yang umumnya adalah Kantor BPN terdekat. Kemahiran dalam penggunaan alat yang diperlukan sangat penting untuk berhasil menyelesaikan proses Pemberian Hak Tanggungan hingga penerbitan Sertifikat HT secara digital.
PENGATURAN HUKUM DALAM PEMBAGIAN HARTA BERSAMA PERKAWINAN MENURUT HUKUM PERDATA YANG BERLAKU SAAT INI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Limbong Panal Herbet , Siregar Syawal Amry , Yasid Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Harta bersama merupakan suatu akibat hukum setelah terjadinya perceraian. Kedudukan harta bersama setelah perceraian diatur menurut hukumnya masing-masing, sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 37 UU Perkawinan. Berdasarkan Pasal 97 KHI apabila putus perkawinan karena perceraian maka harta bersama dibagi dua. Perkara harta bersama atau gono-gini adalah perkara yang peka dan banyak menimbulkan sengketa diantara pihak suami dan istri yang sudah bercerai, yang secara hukum merupakan pihak yang berhak menerima bagian harta gono-gini. Sedangkan keingininan masing-masing pihak lainnya biasanya bertolak belakang dengan apa yang ada dalam hukum pembagian harta gono-gini yang telah ada. Dalam faktanya sengketa mengenai pembagian harta bersama dalam perkawinan, sering menimbulkan konflik diantara pihak yang bersangkutan walaupun sudah ditentukan dalam Undang-Undang, namun banyak fakta yang sudah terjadi bahwa Undang-Undang tertulis tidak selamanya memberikan rasa adil bagi para pihak yang berperkara. Dalam penyelesian harta bersama di dalam hukum Islam diakui adanya harta yang merupakan hak milik bagi setiap orang, baik mengenai pengurusan dan penggunaanya maupun untuk melakukan perbuatan- perbuatan hukum atas harta tersebut sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Di samping itu juga diberi kemungkinan adanya suatu serikat kerja antara suami isteri dalam mencari harta kekayaan. Oleh karena itu jika terjadi perceraian antara suami isteri tersebut dibagi menurut hukum Islam yang kaidah hukumnya menyebutkan bahwa tidak ada kemudharatan dan tidak boleh memudharatkan Adapun yang menjadi rumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama,  Bagaimana pembagian harta bersama akibat perceraian dalam hukum perdata, kedua Bagaimana pelaksanaan pembagian harta bersama dan ketiga Bagaimana nilai-nilai keadilan yang terkandung dalam pembagian harta bersama menurut hukum yang berlaku saat ini. Keadilan merupakan sendi terakhir sebagai tujuan hukum. Agar keadilan itu tercapai sesuai dengan keadilan yang ada pada masyarakat , maka hukum yang diciptakan harus bersendikan nilai nilai moral, artinya bahwa undang-undang dan semua norma hukum harus sesuai dengan nilai-nilai moral. Pembagian harta bersama separuh bagi suami dan separuh bagi istri sesuai dengan rasa keadilan jika baik suami maupun istri sama-sama melakukan peran, tugas dan tanggung jawabnya masing-masing dalam menjaga keutuhan dan kelangsungan hidup keluarga. Berdasarkan KUH Perdata (BW), sejak dilangsungkan perkawinan, maka menurut hukum terjadi harta bersama menyeluruh antara suami istri, sejauh tentang hal itu tidak diadakan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam perjanjian kawin.
ASPEK YURIDIS DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEMONSTRASI YANG DILAKUKAN SECARA ANARKIS DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTABES MEDAN
Authors: Widarma Widarma , Lubis Ansori , Zulkarnain Novi Juli Rosani
Published: September 2023

Para pihak melakukan penyampaian aspirasi dengan media demonstrasi ternyata tidak mengikuti peraturan yang ada, sehingga banyak dari hak warga negara terabaikan di dalam pelaksanaan demonstrasi. Pada lembaga kepolisian diharapkan sangat berperan penting sebagai pengaman proses dari demokrasi yang berjalan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu apakah penyebab timbulnya demonstrasi yang dilakukan anarkis pada Wilayah Hukum Polrestabes Medan, bagaimana pencegahan pada aspek yuridis dapat dilaksanakan agar tidak terjadi demonstrasi anarkis pada Wilayah Hukum Polrestabes Medan, apakah faktor kelemahan dan upaya mengatasi kelemahan pada aspek yuridis dalam pencegahan demonstrasi yang dilakukan anarkis pada Wilayah Hukum Polrestabes Medan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris, dan analisis data digunakan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa  faktor penyebab terjadinya aksi unjuk rasa yang anarkis yaitu:  kekecewaan massa atas tuntutan demo, kurangnya antisipasi aparat keamanan, tindakan represif aparat keamanan, adanya provokator,  penggunaan alkohol dan obat terlarang, keinginan orang-orang tertentu di dalam massa untuk disebut pahlawan, keterlibatan orang-orang yang tidak memahami aturan pelaksanaan demonstrasi, keterlibatan orang-orang yang hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan dan tidak mengerti tuntutan demonstrasi, keterlibatan anak di bawah umur, adanya orang-orang yang membawa senjata tajam, kurangnya antisipasi penanggungjawab demo, dan pengamanan yang lemah. Faktor kelemahan yang dihadapi kepolisian dalam menanggulangi unjuk rasa anarkis adalah: sulitnya memperkirakan jumlah massa, kurangnya jumlah personol kepolisian, media sosial sangat mudah menyebarkan hoax, jumlah massa yang terlalu banyak, serta psikologis massa mudah meledak.  Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut adalah:  Penanggungjawab harus membatasi penambahan jumlah massa, penanggungjawab perlu meluruskan setiap berita bohong di dalam massa, orator sebaiknya tidak berupaya membuat suasana menjadi semakin emosional, serta perlunya penambahan personil kepolisian. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan agar tidak terjadi demonstrasi anarkis dilaksanakan dari sejak sebelum terjadinya aksi unjuk rasa, yaitu dari sejak proses perizinan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengamanan aksi unjuk rasa, serta penindakan terhadap aksi yang dilakukan secara anarkis.
PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP TERDAKWA YANG MELAKUKAN PERBUATAN MEMPERKAYA DIRI DALAM PERKARA KORUPSI
Authors: Saragi Darwin Lolo , Syahputra Roni , Yasid Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Judul Penelitian ini   Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Terdakwa Yang Melakukan Perbuatan Memperkaya Diri Sendiri Dalam Perkara Korupsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pertama, adalah untuk mengetahui Modus Operandi Pelaku Korupsi melakukan perbuatan memperkaya diri sendiri dalam perkara korupsi. Kedua,  untuk  mengetahui  penerapan  sanksi  pidana  yang  tepat  bagi  terdakwa pelaku memperkaya diri sendiri dalam perkara korupsi. Ketiga, untuk mengetahui pembentukan  upaya  penal  dan  non  penal  pencegahan  perkara  korupsi  di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yang pertama, bahwa modus operandi pelaku korupsi melakukan perbuatan memperkaya diri sendiri dalam perkara korupsi dilakukan dengan   perilaku   membujuk   pejabat   publik   baik   dipusat   maupun   daerah, memberikan imbalan, membuat spesifikasi barang tertemtu dalam tender, meninggikan harga atau nilai kontrak, serta memberikan sejumlah uang kepada pejabat. Kedua, bahwa Penerapan sanksi pidana yang tepat bagi terdakwa pelaku memperkaya diri sendiri dalam perkara korupsi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 hanya berfokus pada sanksi pidana penjara dan pidana denda. Sanksi Pidana penjara dalam Undang-undang tersebut mulai dari yang tersingkat yaitu 1 tahun hingga yang terlama yaitu seumur hidup. Perihal pengaturan sanksi dalam Undang-Undang  Nomor  31  Tahun  1999  dibedakan  menjadi  dua  jenis  sanksi yakni, sanksi pidana pokok, dan sanksi pidana tambahan. Sanksi pidana pokok yang dimaksud yaitu pidana penjara serta pidana denda yang dirumuskan dalam Pasal 2, Pasal 3, Pasal 5, Pasal 6, Pasal 7, Pasal 8, Pasal 9, Pasal 10, Pasal 11, Pasal 12, Pasal 13, Pasal 15, dan Pasal 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999. Ketiga, bahwa Upaya penal dilandasi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 jo Undang-Undang Nomo 20 tahun 2001 Tentang Pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi juga   memperhatikan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 sebagai pengganti atas Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2003 Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang.
Simulação, avaliação técnico-econômica e análise de risco da purificação de diferentes bio-óleos obtidos pelo processo de pirólise rápida
Authors:   , Arêdes Stéphani Caroline de Lana
Published: September 2023

A biomassa é um composto natural que tem origem em diversas formas de matéria orgânica. Como resultado da crescente demanda por energia e da busca por fontes renováveis de energia, a biomassa está sendo cada vez mais estudada como uma importante fonte de energia, combustíveis, produtos químicos e outros produtos. Uma forma de transformar a biomassa em produtos com valor agregado é através do processo de pirólise rápida, que é um processo termoquímico que produz compostos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos. O principal produto deste processo é o bio-óleo, que se encontra na fase líquida e contém uma ampla gama de compostos de valor agregado que podem ser obtidos através de extração e destilação. A simulação é uma ferramenta importante para prever, modelar e compreender a viabilidade do processo desejado, juntamente com a análise econômica, de riscos e incertezas, que são técnicas úteis para estudar a viabilidade de projetos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a simulação utilizando o simulador de processos Aspen Plus®, a análise de viabilidade econômica e a análise de riscos e incertezas do processo de separação e purificação dos compostos de bio-óleos, derivados de madeira de eucalipto, resíduos de eucalipto e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Após a conclusão dessas etapas, os projetos obtiveram um bom resultado, com produtos desejados sendo obtidos com grau de pureza entre 73 e 100%. Do ponto de vista econômico, todos os processos foram economicamente viáveis, obtendo um bom retorno do investimento e um curto prazo de retorno, ressaltando a Simulação 1 com melhor Taxas Interna de Retorno (TIR), Taxa de Lucratividade e menor tempo de Payback, porém a Simulação 3 obteve o melhor Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), um dos parâmetros mais avaliados para investimentos econômicos. Mesmo considerando riscos e incertezas, incluindo a variação do custo da matéria-prima e a capacidade de produção, os investimentos dos projetos apresentaram bons resultados, demonstrando que os projetos são economicamente viáveis mesmo nestas circunstâncias. Palavras-chave: Aspen Plus. Bio-óleo. Separação. Simulação.
A STUDY OF SOME OBSERVATIONS OF FDI RULES AND POLICY ON E‐COMMERCE IN INDIA
Authors: Koli Bhawna , Koli Chitra , Bhura Pawan , Umesh Manu
Published: September 2023

This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules and policies and the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce in India. The study aims to analyze the impact of FDI regulations on the growth, competitiveness, and structure of the Indian e-commerce sector. By examining historical developments, policy shifts, and their consequences, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between FDI and e-commerce in the Indian context.
ADJUSTMENT OF ADOLESCENCE IN RELATION TO GENDER
Authors: Shah Sonal , Shah Prachi
Published: September 2023

Adjustment is ongoing process where persons keep adjusting their behavior according to the needs and circumstances of the environment. This helps to balance between one’s needs and desires. Adjustment is the challenge for each and every living being and more challenging for the adolescent. Since it is the rapid phase of growth and development of their physical, emotions and sexual. Most of adolescence faced difficulty in adjusting themselves socially, educationally and emotionally into their day-to-day life. The aim of the present research was to study the emotional adjustment, social adjustment and educational adjustment of male and female adolescents in relation to gender. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents that was collected from different school of Ahmedabad city. 60 males and 60 females from age group of 14 years to 18 years were selected. Here gender was taken as an independent variable whereas different areas of adjustment such as emotional adjustment, social adjustment and educational adjustment were taken as dependent variables. For data collection, an adjustment inventory for school students by A.K. Sinha and R.P. Singh was used. To analyze the data, a ‘t’ test was used. Results indicate that significant differences were found between male and female adolescents in relation to emotional, social, educational, and adjustment.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF SCHULTZ TEST OF EMOTION PROCESSING – PRELIMINARY VERSION (STEP-P) FOR 3-5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN
Authors: KELEŞ ERTÜRK Canan , TEPELİ Kezban
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted for the validity and reliability study of the Schultz Test of Emotion Processing – Preliminary Version (STEP-P) for 3-5-year-old children. The study was designed in the general survey model, one of quantitative research. The study group consists of 310 children in the 3-5 age group attending kindergartens affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Konya City Centre in the 2019-2020 academic year. Schultz Test of Emotion Processing – Preliminary Version (STEP-P) and General Information Form were used to collect the research data. Content validity (expert opinion) and construct validity (confirmative factor analysis) were examined for validity studies of the test. KR-20 reliability coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the measurements in terms of internal consistency. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated when the normality assumption was met, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated when the normality assumption was not met for independent inter-observer agreement and test-retest reliability. The analyses showed that the Schultz Test of Emotion Processing – Preliminary Version (STEP-P) is a valid and reliable test for 3-5 year old children.
AN INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHOD AS A TYPE OF BLENDED MOOC MODEL AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AT EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: SONYEL Bengi , SADAGHİANİ Mohammad Hosein Mehrzad
Published: September 2023

MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course, and it refers to a model of online education that allows for the widespread distribution of educational content to a large number of learners over the internet. The MOOC model has gained popularity for its accessibility, flexibility, and ability to reach a global audience. It has also been used by institutions and organizations for corporate training and professional development. However, it is worth noting that while MOOCs offer many advantages, they also come with challenges, such as issues related to completion rates and the need for self-discipline in self-paced courses.

In this research, the researchers explored the flipped classroom as the most important part of blended MOOC model. The aim of this research is to examine the potential effects of flipped classroom instruction on students’ learning. The research included all (35) third-year students of the EMU Department of Foreign Language Education. Both quantitative and qualitative (mixed) approaches were used as a methodology. According to the findings, after experiencing the flipped classroom experience, the students explained that they felt more ready for their lessons because they already had some preparation at home. Additionally, students reported that they felt more confident about the subject in general and that they were more intellectually prepared to ask socratic-type questions in their classes.
Effect of Trade Openness and Agriculture on Tax Revenue Performance in Kenya
Authors: Moses Jordan , Obange Nelson , Kiganda Evans
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Taxes play a critical role for most governments around the world in funding investments in capital, infrastructure and the delivery of essential services. The study therefore sought to examine the effect of trade openness and agriculture on tax revenue performance in Kenya.

Methodology: The study adopted correlational research design, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) mechanism and Granger causality test to establish the relationship between the study variables. The choice of the VECM was influenced by its ability to estimate both short run and long run relationships. The theoretical framework of the study followed Heller’s neoclassical maximization utility approach. Annual time series data for the study were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators for the period 1980-2020.

Results: The study findings established that in the long-run agriculture share (-0.64, t-statistics = 14.57) and trade openness (-0.08, t-statistics = 3.88) have negative and significant effect on tax revenue performance in Kenya. The Pairwise Granger Causality test results indicated unidirectional causality running from tax revenue performance to trade openness. This suggests that tax rates have effect on trade openness in Kenya.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study adds to literature by proving the Arthur’s Laffer curve theory which advocates for lowering tax rates in order to boost productivity and encourage expansion of corporation. The findings of the study may provide the National Treasury with foundation for policy formulation and analytical framework for estimating the associated tax revenue with variables under consideration in this study. The study may be of importance to KRA in determining appropriate tax rates that are favorable in boosting revenue mobilization.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Consumption Patterns Among Malaysian Youths
Authors: Jemey* Nursyuhada binti , Kasim Nor Hasniah binti
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption patterns of youth Malaysians, focusing on three important variables: changes in income, savings habits, and consumer credit. This study also aims to comprehensively understand the changing consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and the differences in consumption patterns between gender, living area, and educational level. As the primary method of data acquisition, 169 Malaysian youths aged 18 to 30 were administered a questionnaire. The findings revealed that changes in income, savings patterns, and consumer credit had a significant impact on the consumption patterns of Malaysian adolescents, thus concluding that the pandemic had a substantial impact on one’s financial behaviours. The results also revealed no significant difference in consumption patterns based on gender or residing area, but significant differences are obtained based on education level. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding the effect of COVID-19 on consumption patterns and offers valuable guidance for various stakeholders in navigating the pandemic landscape.
Modeling and Optimization of Service Investigation Services: Empirical Study Using Pop-Hrm Approach at Head of Private Smk School in Bogor District, Indonesia
Authors: Hermawan Andi , Muhammadi A. Muwahid , Indrati Briliantina
Published: September 2023

The Head of School as head of the school is a contributing factor to success in efforts to strengthen governance, accountability, and public image. This success is not independent of competence and ability in tasks, roles, and functions. Providing primary service to all school citizens, optimizing the empowerment and development of the school citizen, focusing on performance and growth, and impacting school progress and society, this leadership is called serving leadership. Based on preliminary research, it is known that the head of a private SMK school in the Bogor district has not optimally demonstrated serving leadership. This research aims to produce ways and strategies for strengthening leadership serves by analyzing the influence of positive and dominant influence variables on serving leadership. The research uses the POP-HRM approach (Modeling and Management Resource Enhancement Optimization) with SITOREM analysis to produce optimal solutions from existing solutions. Implications of the research are, that if serving leadership wants to be empowered then it requires the development of adversity intelligence, proactive personality, teamwork, and increased commitment to the organization, as well as work motivation.
Critical Thinking Skills: The Extent to which they are Taught in Physics Lessons in Secondary Schools of Transnzoia County, Kenya.
Authors: Rutto Dickson Kimeli , Wanami Simon , Waswa Peter
Published: September 2023

The study sought to establish the extent to which critical thinking skills were taught in physics lessons, in secondary schools of Transnzoia County, Kenya. It was occasioned by the inadequate critical thinking skills exhibited by candidates as observed by the Kenya National Examination Councill’s (KNEC), Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) analysis reports in physics of the years 2018 and 2019. The research employed descriptive survey design, with both descriptive and inferential statistical tools used for data analysis. The target population was secondary school teachers of physics in the County. From the study, it was established that, the teaching of critical thinking skills in physics lessons did not adequately enhance learner’s critical thinking skills, as such put them at a disadvantaged position in problem solving, including solving higher-order-level questions in examinations.
Factors Influencing Sustainable Consumption of Malaysian Households from Perspectives of Income and Consumption Expenditure
Authors: Hasan Nurhasniza Idham Abu , Jamal Nur Faezah , Baharuddin Mohd Sapuan , Ghafar Nor Mariyah Abdul
Published: September 2023

Sustainable consumption is an important issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. This study identifies the factors influencing sustainable consumption among Malaysian households from the perspective of income and consumption expenditure among Malaysian households. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 700 households in eight districts in Perak using stratified random sampling to ensure socioeconomic diversity in representation. The findings show that monthly income (B = 0.003, P-value = 0.001), consumption expenditure (B = -2.804, P-value = 0.006), and number of children (B = -1.229, P-value = 0.024) influence sustainable consumption in Malaysian households. The findings contribute to a better understanding of sustainable consumption in Malaysia and provide policymakers and other stakeholders with valuable information for developing targeted interventions.
Teaching Preparation, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Preparedness, and ICT Competency as Determinants of Criminology Instructors’ Online Instructional Skills in Region 12
Authors: Albrando Evelyn , Revisa Dr. William A
Published: September 2023

The intention of this research study was to determine the levels of teaching preparation, technological pedagogical content knowledge preparedness, and information and communication technology competency as determinants of Criminology instructors’ online instructional skills in Region 12. It employed the quantitative, non-experimental research design using correlation technique and administered the adapted questionnaires to the Criminology instructors of Region 12 as the respondents of the study. The data collected were treated using statistical tools such as Mean, Pearson r, and Linear Regressions. The result of the study are as follows: The level of teaching preparation of Criminology instructors in Region 12 was very high; the level of technological pedagogical content knowledge preparedness of Criminology instructors in Region 12 was very high; the level of information and communication technology competencies of Criminology instructors in Region 12 was rated very high; there was significant relationship between teaching preparation and online instructional skills of Criminology instructors in Region 12; there is a significant relationship between technological pedagogical content knowledge preparedness and online instructional skills of Criminology instructors in Region 12; there was significant relationship between information and communication technology competencies and online instructional skills of Criminology instructors of Region 12; and, teaching preparation, technological pedagogical content knowledge preparedness and ICT competencies of Criminology instructors positively influence the online instructional skills of the Criminology instructors in Region 12.
School Culture Triage and Classroom Management Strategy: Basis for School Culture Enhancement
Authors: Derequito Prescilla G. , Tagadiad Celso L.
Published: September 2023

The study determined which components of school culture triage best influence the classroom management strategies of public high school teachers. A non-experimental quantitative research design using correlation technique was applied. In analyzing the data, weighted mean, Pearson r and linear regression analysis were used. The results revealed that the overall level of aspects of culture triage is very high, which indicates that the ideal school culture triage is most of the times observed. Moreover, results further revealed that Managing Classroom Behavior obtained the highest mean described as very high. And that the overall mean results revealed that the study has a descriptive level of very high. Additionally, the study further revealed that there is a significant relationship between culture triage and classroom management strategies. Furthermore, the indicators professional collaboration and affiliative collegiality best influence classroom management strategies since their sig values are less than 0.05.