bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La diffusion de la théorie du chaos dans les sciences humaines, les sciences sociales et les arts : une épidémie postmoderne
Authors: Ferrer Carolina
Published: July 2012

L’article analyse l’évolution de la théorie du chaos d’un point de vue quantitatif. Alors que dans les sciences exactes les indicateurs montrent le développement d’une nouvelle spécialité, la diffusion de la théorie du chaos dans les sciences humaines, les sciences sociales et les arts correspond au profil d’une épidémie d’information manquée. Ainsi, dans son extension interdisciplinaire, il s’agit principalement d’un phénomène temporaire fortement influencé par la polysémie du mot « chaos », le succès d’un certain nombre de livres de vulgarisation et le contexte culturel postmoderne dans lequel il a lieu.
(De-)Constructing translingual identity. Interpreters as literary characters in Simultan by Ingeborg Bachmannand Between by Christine Brooke-Rose.
Authors: Schopohl Eva
Published: July 2012

The story Simultan by the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann and the novel Between by the British writer Christine Brooke-Rose both have a female interpreter as their central character. In depicting the influences of multilinguality and transculturality on the construction of identity, both texts reflect on the connection between language and identity. Moreover, they explore the conditions and possibilities for the representation of characters in language(s). Most of the literary techniques employed can be analyzed in terms of the Bakhtinian notion of polyphony or heteroglossia. The analysis that follows deals briefly with these main topics, before focusing on the discursive level, taking into account notions of multifocalisation, polyphony, multilinguality as well as intertextuality.
How This Poetry Masters the Flow of Speech. The Structure of Psalm 4 in the Hebrew Original as Found by Investigating Two Layouts and Supported by a an Observation on Mendelssohn’s and Meschonnic’s Translations
Authors: Schiffer Gundula
Published: July 2012

En prenant pour exemple le psaume 4 (Bĕqor’í ‘anéni ’elohe tsidqí), l’essai How This Poetry Masters the Flow of Speech montre le problème spécifique de la poésie biblique hébraïque : l’absence d’une mise en page dernière et autorisée par le “poète” qui pourrait indiquer la structure versifiée “originale”. Les suggestions de deux éditions du psaume 4 sont confortées par les arrangements des traductions de Mendelssohn, en 1783, et Meschonnic, en 2001. On commence à comprendre que la force du vers biblique hébreux repose sur un art efficace de briser le discours en membres rythmiques correspondants et que ce mouvement appelle à un équivalent visuel.
Le faux « Jugement de Pâris »— une lecture du frontispice de « La Philosophie dans le boudoir »
Authors: Nakamura Hidetoshi
Published: July 2012

Le frontispice de La Philosophie dans le boudoir représente, en apparence, un Jugement de Pâris. Par son ambiance galante et philosophique, il attire le lecteur/spectateur et l’incite à entrer dans le monde sadien. Cette « trompeuse amorce » permet en fait à l’auteur de renverser toutes les valeurs établies par le biais d’une redéfinition du plaisir, et ouvre à un questionnement sur « l’usage » du faux dans le contexte pédagogique des Lumières.
La littérature orale et la rhétorique du mensonge dans « Silence, on développe » de Jean-Marie Adiaffi
Authors: Tro Dého Roger
Published: July 2012

La littérature entretient avec le « mensonge » et le faux des rapports si intimes qu’il est impossible de penser l’une sans l’autre. Dans Silence, on développe, c’est dans la littérature orale que les procédés de fictionnalisation et de falsification prennent leurs sources. Pris en charge par une esthétique du texte hybride dite écriture n’zassa, le faux investit à la fois la structure générique du texte, son mode de référence au réel, ses modalités d’énonciation et la langue d’écriture et finit par devenir le principe structurant par lequel Adiaffi renouvelle la forme romanesque africaine tout en passant en revue les problèmes de l’Afrique contemporaine.
(Auto)portrait d’Annemarie Schwarzenbach :« Lei così amata » ou d’une manière de légender l’Histoire
Authors: Furci Guido
Published: July 2012

Tous les romans de l’écrivain italienne Melania Mazzucco s’inscrivent dans le genre du roman historique ; c’est en particulier avec la publication de Vita, en 2003, que l’auteur s’impose sur la scène littéraire italienne et internationale. Vita narre l’histoire des ancêtres de Melania Mazzucco : au début du siècle, ceux-ci quittèrent le sud de l’Italie pour se rendre aux Etats-Unis. Etayé par une recherche documentaire approfondie, le roman repose donc sur des personnages et des faits réels ; cependant, Melania Mazzucco a parfois recours à la fiction pour pallier l’absence de certaines informations. Vita est donc le fruit d’un travail d’écrivain, mais aussi de documentaliste. Melania Mazzucco reprend là un procédé déjà employé quelques années auparavant, dans la rédaction de son roman Lei così amata (Elle tant aimée), dont une analyse détaillée fera l’objet de cet article.
Les règles du jeu : science-fiction, polar et pop culture dans « Comme le fantôme d’un jazzman dans la station Mir en déroute » et « Altered Carbon »
Authors: Cornillon Claire
Published: July 2012

Altered Carbon de Richard Morgan et Comme le fantôme d’un Jazzman dans la station Mir en déroute de Maurice G. Dantec jouent avec les codes de deux genres phares de la pop culture, le roman noir et la science-fiction, et les renouvellent en les combinant. Ce jeu s’étend même, au-delà de la littérature, au cinéma et à la musique. Les univers de référence comme le film noir ou le cyberpunk deviennent ainsi des outils de représentation, un véritable langage. Les deux romans en mélangeant de manière ludique et efficace toutes ces sources, se libèrent ainsi paradoxalement des contraintes, en établissant leur propre règle du jeu.
Harut et Marut, ou la présence de deux anges musulmans dans nombre de productions écrites occidentales
Authors: Chimkovitch Arthur
Published: July 2012

À partir de la fin du XIIe siècle, le récit de Harut et Marut, anges musulmans coupables de fornication, apparaît dans certaines productions écrites occidentales. Cet article montre comment les premiers traducteurs du Coran, des théologiens, un pape, un empereur byzantin, des cosmographes, des historiens, des orientalistes, des encyclopédistes, des botanistes et finalement des écrivains français et anglais se sont servis de cet épisode, et l’ont véhiculé jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle.
La Pop Culture. De la publicité dans la poésie : un renversement de l’ordre économique
Authors: Dick Jennifer K
Published: July 2012

Ce texte critique retracera, de Mallarmé à nos jours, les origines des pratiques d’insertion des techniques publicitaires dans l’œuvre littéraire par des poètes concrets et visuels du monde entier. Il explorera également l’usage de l’humour noir dans ces poésies qui tentent de réagir au positivisme « matter of fact » et à un art consommateur (Lyotard). Dans un monde où l’image est censée tout dire, le statut du mot est mis en question, en abîme. Ainsi, des poètes contemporains commencent à « répondre à la “videation” de notre culture » (Marjorie Perloff) en travaillant ensemble le mot et l’image. Ils utilisent les techniques de la typographie, du collage, du montage, de la mise en page et de l’insertion de l’image (de BD, de Mangas) dans le texte. Le premier effet de cette tendance est l’invention d’une sorte de poème « publicitaire », où l’on remarque des parallélismes entre le signe, les panneaux d’affichage et le poème. Cependant, bien que ces auteurs (tels Clemente Padin, Franklin Capistrano, Jacques Sivan, Maurice Roche, Philadelpho Menezes, Susan Howe, Ricardo Goncalves, Mathias Goeritz, Holly Bittner, Vannina Maestri…) réutilisent des procédés empruntés à la Pop Culture, ils inversent (ou « subvertissent ») les rôles de dominant et de dominé pour renverser le message consumériste. En allant aux extrêmes limites de l’art et de la culture, ils utilisent les images de produits connus, des clichés contemporains de la beauté et de la décoration, ainsi que des symboles qui appartiennent à l’économie partagée (les signes monétaires, les termes de la bourse), pour les re-écrire dans des poèmes qui deviennent une affirmation de la vie et de la culture face à l’anti-art. Ces poèmes sont un art de combat face à « la culture zéro » qui leur est promise à travers la domination de la littérature par la culture des images, notre Pop Culture.
L’œuvre romanesque d’Elfriede Jelinek : une esthétique de la pop culture ?
Authors: Besand Vanessa
Published: July 2012

La romancière autrichienne Elfriede Jelinek propose à travers ses œuvres une réflexion sur la pop culture en convoquant celle-ci de manière persistante dans son univers fictionnel. Mais loin de se contenter de copier les schémas propres à toute une paralittérature dont elle s’est nourrie, certes avidement, mais aussi avec un regard méfiant et distancié, elle cherche également à révéler toute la part d’idéologie que contiennent ses productions et à mettre le lecteur en garde contre leurs dangers.
The Land of the Dead – International Motifs in the Oldest Work of Japanese Literature
Authors: Vasić Danijela
Published: July 2012

Il existe dans le Kojiki (712), la plus ancienne œuvre littéraire du Japon, une abondance de motifs que l’on peut retrouver dans les cultures de nombreux peuples dans le monde entier. Cet article traite des motifs internationaux tissés dans deux mythes du premier tome, formant une image poétique du Pays des morts, la partie souterraine d’une structure cosmique tripartite. Sont abordés, entre autres, le motif largement connu de Perséphone, le motif orphique ou encore le motif de la fuite du Pays des morts.
Le jeu de citations dans le discours poétique de Jovan Hristić
Authors: Novaković Jelena
Published: July 2012

En examinant l’actualisation des citations d’auteurs français des XIXe et XXe siècles (Charles Baudelaire, présenté comme héritier de Pascal, Paul Valéry, Saint-John Perse, Henri Michaux) dans le discours poétique de Jovan Hristić, écrivain serbe de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, ce travail montre le déplacement de la poésie de la sphère abstraite à la sphère concrète, de la sphère esthétique à la sphère existentielle, qui s’opère de l’époque symboliste à l’époque moderne.
Le dépassement des livres : L’écriture parodique dans Un amour classique de Yu Hua et La Route des Flandres de Claude Simon
Authors: Jin Jufang
Published: July 2012

Dans Un amour classique et La Route des Flandres, les histoires et les structures des récits antérieurs sont détournés, voire ruinés, par le moyen d’une écriture parodique. A travers une abondante référence livresque, cette répétition/trahison de l’antécédent trace un questionnement sur le sens de l’écriture face à l’Histoire. Tout en détruisant l’original, la parodie est un jeu de trahison chez Claude Simon et Yu Hua, permettant à l’écrivain d’écire un livre qui dépasse son modèle.
El divino y el fénix abofetean al bardo de Toledo: Aldana, Lope y Garcilaso
Authors: Larrea Rubio Pedro
Published: July 2012

Employing such concepts as Bloom’s “anxiety of influence”, Jauss’ “horizon of expectations”, Freud’s “unheimlich” and Derrida’s “grammatology”, I develop an analysis of two sonnets by Francisco de Aldana and Lope de Vega that deploy the theme of the “slap to the lady,” relating them to the works of Garcilaso de la Vega, and transposing the Toledan poet’s idea of carnality and physical contact amongst lovers to the moment of writing in these two sonnets.
La trace, symptôme d’un deuil ontologique et d’un deuil historique dans Lent retour et L’Absence de Peter Handke et dans La petite chartreuse et Le Rire de l’ogre de Pierre Péju
Authors: Millner Clélie
Published: July 2012

Peter Handke et Pierre Péju sont nés dans les années 1940 dans des pays, l’Autriche et la France, qui ont collaboré aux exactions nazies. Dans leurs récits, le monde sensible est investi de traces de passés divers. L’Absence et La Petite Chartreuse tendent à une atemporalité proche de celle du conte ; Lent retour et Le rire de l’ogre évoquent l’héritage coupable de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. L’étude comparée de ces œuvres permet d’interroger la représentation littéraire d’une inquiétude de la présence qui serait tout à la fois ontologique et historique.
Analyse comparée de la fonction du motif de l’oiseau à travers les chansons des trouvères et des Minnesänger : une méthodologie
Authors: Tönnies Eva-Maria
Published: July 2012

Un corpus d’environ 4880 chansons allemandes et françaises du Haut Moyen Âge est soumis à une comparaison qui porte principalement sur la relation entre le sens et la sensibilité et s’attache tout particulièrement à l’étude de la ‘musique’ des ‘oiseaux’ au cœur de l’expression musicale humaine. L’aspect méthodologique réside dans une tentative de parvenir à une compréhension qui n’est pas exclusivement intellectuelle. L’article s’attache à montrer les phénomènes à l’origine de cette idée et comment une nouvelle méthode permet de parvenir à une telle approche.
Minorités actives dans le milieu musical régional
Authors: Cestor Elisabeth
Published: July 2012

Mener une carrière dans la musique et produire des disques tout en résidant en dehors de la capitale n’est plus un paradoxe. En France, cette situation est la résultante d’un long processus qui a favorisé la formation de minorités actives et, pour reprendre le concept de Nestor Garcia Canclini, d’une hybridation culturelle qu’il faut ici entendre entre savoir local et techniques modernes. Peu étudiée par les chercheurs en sociologie, la vie musicale dans les régions de France méritait une approche empirique. Il fallait rendre compte de ses spécificités, de son dynamisme, de son inventivité et de sa représentativité d’une éthique de vie, adoptée également de plus en plus dans d’autres univers professionnels. Se référer plus particulièrement au comportement des chanteurs de langue d’oc offre de nouvelles perspectives : moins productifs et diffusés que d’autres régions de France, les acteurs des pays de langue d’oc ont toujours été à la fois offensifs et créatifs. Décrypter les raisons d’un tel décalage dépasserait les limites de cette étude qui s’attache seulement à n’inventorier que quelques-unes des principales pistes de recherche.
Come to Daddy! Aphex Twin et Jean-François Lyotard
Authors: Juiller Laurent
Published: July 2012

Il est arrivé aux clips à peu près la même histoire qu’aux disques. Souvent présentés comme des purs produits destinés à conquérir des parts de marché, leur vocabulaire s’est élaboré en même temps qu’il se diversifiait. Dans ce nouvel espace, certains cinéastes ont pu expérimenter des formes inédites tandis que des musicien-n-e-s, à l’image de Tom Barman chanteur du groupe belge Deus auteur d’Anyway the wind Blows ou David Byrne des Talking Heads (True Stories) se découvraient réalisateurs. On évoque ici un clip tourné pour le DJ Aphex Twin et ses résonances avec des préoccupations philosophiques.
Meanings of fanzines in the beginning of Punk in the GDR and FRG
Authors: Schmidt Christian
Published: July 2012

This article is examining the different cultural meanings of fanzines in the early punk scene in both German states. Since 1977 more and more of these journals had been published in the FRG. These autonomous publications used to media between staging, communication and the construction of collective identities. In case of punk fanzines in the FRG, they meant self-empowerment, the overcoming of isolation and the constitution of a social and cultural community. While these journals became an important part of the scene in West-Germany, there was a lack of them in the GDR. The government’s control over publishing and the missing means and possibilities of production prohibited the development of autonomous publications such as fanzines. The comparison of the development of punk fanzine culture in both German states show that these media and their cultural meanings must always be seen in front of the greater societal and political framework they appear in.
Time, expectation and satisfaction: Patients’ experience at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunfowokan Oluwagbenga , Mora Muhammad
Published: July 2012

Background: Long patient-clinic encounter time is typical of many hospital general outpatient departments (OPD) in Nigeria.Objectives: The objectives of our study were to determine the time spent by patients at the service points in the general OPD of the National Hospital Abuja (NHA), to establish the perception of patients regarding the patient–clinic encounter time, and to describe the level of satisfaction of patients with the services received.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the general OPD of the NHA. Information relating to the time spent at the various service points amongst others were obtained from 320 randomly selected patients using a patient administered validated questionnaire.Results: Two hundred and seventy (84.4%) patients responded adequately and were analysed.The median patient–clinic encounter time was 2.7 hours (range 0.2–7.2 hours). The long patient–clinic encounter time was accounted for mainly by the waiting time to see a doctor which was a median of 1 hour (range 0–5.6 hours) and time spent at the medical records with median of 0.5 hours (range 0–5 hours). There was a significant relationship between a short waiting time as perceived by patients, clinic visit encounters where patients’ expectations were met or surpassed, and overall patient satisfaction with the clinic visit encounter (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Reduction in patient–clinic encounter time and meeting patients’ pre-visit expectations could significantly improve patient satisfaction after clinic visit encounter at the general OPD of NHA.
An implementation evaluation of a voluntary counselling and testing programme for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Anderson Tarryn N. , Louw-Potgieter Joha
Published: July 2012

Orientation: Employee wellness programmes have become standard interventions in most organisations. In South Africa, these programmes invariably contain an element to address the problem of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the workplace.Research purpose: The purpose of this evaluation was to assess whether or not a Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) programme for HIV and AIDS, at a South African university, was implemented as intended.Motivation for the study: The evaluators were motivated to explore indications in the existing literature about these programmes that participants in VCT programmes are often not the intended target population who live a high risk lifestyle.Research design, approach and method: A descriptive design was used to evaluate service utlisation, service delivery and organisational support. Questionnaire data from 285 respondents who participated in the programme and programme records supplied by the programme staff were consulted to answer the evaluation questions.Main findings: The evaluation showed that the highest uptake for the programme occurred amongst female students. The low uptake amongst men was a concern. It was found that the programme was delivered as intended and that there were enough resources to implement it according to standards set.Practical/managerial implications: The systematic report on the programme process provided the programme managers with practical suggestions for programme improvement.Contribution/value-add: This was the first implementation evaluation of a VCT programme in a South African university context. As such it aimed to educate programme managers to think evaluatively about introducing new or continuing existing programmes.
The study of systemic general circulation disturbance during the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia: Pit fall of hypothermia
Authors: Honda Mitsuru , Yokota Kyosuke , Ichibayashi Ryo , Yoshihara Katsunori , Masuda Hiroyuki , Uekusa Hiroyuki , Seiki Yoshikatsu , Nomoto Jun , Nagao Takeki , Kishi Taichi , Sase Shigeru
Published: July 2012

Aims: Neurointensive care has reduced the mortality and improved the outcome of patients for severe brain damage, over recent decades, and made it possible to perform this therapy in safety. However, we have to understand the complications of this therapy well. The purpose of our study was to determine the systemic circulation disturbance during the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia by using this continuous neurointensive monitoring system.
Materials and Methods: Ten severe brain damage patients treated with hypothermia were enrolled. All patients had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than or equal to 8, on admission. Results: We verified that heart rate, cardiac output, and oxygen delivery index (DO2I) decreased with decreasing core temperature. We recognized that depressed cardiac index (CI) was attributed to bradycardia, dehydration, and increased systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) upon initiation of hypothermia. Conclusion: Although the hypothermia has a therapeutic role in severe brain damage patients, we have to carry out this therapy while maintaining their cardiac output using multimodality monitoring devices during hypothermia period.
Innovative approach for prevention and treatment of post subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm: A preliminary report
Authors: Venkataramana Neelam , Rao Shailesh , Naik Arun , Shetty Kishore , Murthy Paparaja , Bansal Abhilash , Panotopoulos Christos
Published: July 2012

More than one third of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) develop clinically significant vasospasm, as a leading morbidity and mortality factor for these patients. It is widely accepted that a) Degradation products of blood are the causative factors of vasospasm b) The amount of subarachnoid blood seen on admission CT is correlated to the risk of vasospasm c) Reducing the subarachnoid clot burden at the time of surgery reduces the risk of vasospasm. But there is no existing method to clear the blood from subarachnoid spaces satisfactorily. We have evaluated safety and feasibility of fluid exchange catheter system in SAH, to achieve this goal. We were successful in clearing cisternal blood in three patients with aneurysmal rupture with fluid exchange catheter system. Baseline CT scan of brain was performed immediately after the surgery and then at the end of irrigation. The amount of subarachnoid blood was evaluated. This innovative, fluid exchange catheter system infuses and aspirates micro volumes of drug solution in a cyclic mode, ensuring isobaric exchange of fluids. The result is good clearance of blood in subarachnoid spaces were seen in all the patients. Also, significant improvement in neurological deficits secondary to vasospasm was seen. We conclude that the fluid exchange catheter system is safe and adoptable in neurosurgical practice.
Decloaking the privileged expert
Authors: Weiss David J , Shanteau James
Published: July 2012

When seeking help or advice, one naturally wishes to get that aid from someone who does the task well, from an expert. Determining whether someone merits that label is not trivial, and the judgment can have important consequences. Experts in most domains, from athletes to plumbers, need to exhibit a high level of performance to maintain their status. But there is another group of professionals that is never examined. The expert status of such experts is conferred via criteria such as education or experience. While their credentials may be challenged, their work itself is not seen to bear upon their status. We refer to this group asprivileged experts. These experts make assessments or predictions whose correctness is rarely evaluated. Even if prophecy fails, errors are forgiven. We account for this non-evidentiary perspective by positing a widely-held misconception that expertise generalizes. We outline a task-specific, performance-based, limited-term certification scheme that can supplant privilege.
Tropospheric distribution of sulphate aerosols mass and number concentration during INDOEX-IFP and its transport over the Indian Ocean: a GCM study
Authors: Verma S. , Boucher O. , Shekar Reddy M. , Upadhyaya H. C. , Le Van P. , Binkowski F. S. , Sharma O. P.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The sulphate aerosols mass and number concentration during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) Intensive Field Phase-1999 (INDOEX-IFP) has been simulated using an interactive chemistry GCM. The model considers an interactive scheme for feedback from chemistry to meteorology with internally resolving microphysical properties of aerosols. In particular, the interactive scheme has the ability to predict both particle mass and number concentration for the Aitken and accumulation modes as prognostic variables. On the basis of size distribution retrieved from the observations made along the cruise route during IFP-1999, the model successfully simulates the order of magnitude of aerosol number concentration. The results show the southward migration of minimum concentrations, which follows ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) migration. Sulphate surface concentration during INDOEX-IFP at Kaashidhoo (73.46° E, 4.96° N) gives an agreement within a factor of 2 to 3. The measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) from all aerosol species at KCO was 0.37 ± 0.11 while the model simulated sulphate AOD ranged from 0.05 to 0.11. As sulphate constitutes 29% of the observed AOD, the model predicted values of sulphate AOD are hence fairly close to the measured values. The model thus has capability to predict the vertically integrated column sulphate burden. Furthermore, the model results indicate that Indian contribution to the estimated sulphate burden over India is more than 60% with values upto 40% over the Arabian Sea.
Spatial distribution of mercury deposition fluxes in Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou province, China
Authors: Dai Z. H. , Feng X. B. , Sommar J. , Li P. , Fu X. W.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The legacy of long-term mining activities in Wanshan mercury (Hg) mining area (WMMA), Guizhou, China including a series of environmental issues related to Hg pollution. The spatial distribution of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) concentrations in ambient air were monitored using a mobile RA-915+ Zeeman Mercury Analyzer during daytime and night time in May 2010. The data imply that calcines and mine wastes piles located at Dashuixi and on-going artisanal Hg mining activities at Supeng were major sources of atmospheric mercury in WMMA. For a full year (May 2010 to May 2011), sampling of precipitation and throughfall were conducted on a weekly basis at three sites (Shenchong, Dashuixi, and Supeng) within WMMA. Hg in deposition was characterized by analysis of total Hg (THg) and dissolved Hg (DHg) concentrations. The corresponding data exhibit a high degree of variability, both temporarily and spatially. The volume-weighted mean THg concentrations in precipitation and throughfall samples were 502.6 ng l−1 and 977.8 ng l−1 at Shenchong, 814.1 ng l−1and 3392.1 ng l−1 at Dashuixi, 7490.1 ng l−1and 9641.5 ng l−1 at Supeng, respectively. THg was enhanced in throughfall compared to wet deposition samples by up to a factor of 7. The annual wet Hg deposition fluxes were 29.1, 68.8 and 593.1 μg m−2 yr−1 at Shenchong, Dashuixi and Supeng, respectively, while the annual dry Hg deposition fluxes were estimated to be 378.9, 2613.6 and 6178 μg m−2 yr−1 at these sites, respectively. Dry deposition played a dominant role in total atmospheric Hg deposition in WMMA since the dry deposition fluxes were 10.4–37.9 times higher than the wet deposition fluxes during the whole sample period. Our data showed that air deposition was still an important pathway of Hg contamination to the local environment in WMMA.
Molecular hydrogen (H2) combustion emissions and their isotope (D/H) signatures from domestic heaters, diesel vehicle engines, waste incinerator plants, and biomass burning
Authors: Vollmer M. K. , Walter S. , Mohn J. , Steinbacher M. , Bond S. W. , Röckmann T. , Reimann S.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Molecular hydrogen (H2), its stable isotope signature (δD), and the key combustion parameters carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were measured from various combustion processes. H2 in the exhaust of gas and oil-fired heaters and of waste incinerator plants was generally depleted compared to ambient intake air, while CO was significantly elevated. These findings contradict the often assumed co-occurring net H2 and CO emissions in combustion processes and suggest that previous H2 emissions from combustion may have been overestimated when scaled to CO emissions. For the gas and oil-fired heater exhausts, H2 and δD generally decrease with increasing CO2, from ambient values of ~0.5 ppm and +130‰ to 0.2 ppm and −206‰, respectively. These results are interpreted as a combination of an isotopically light H2 source from fossil fuel combustion and a D/H kinetic isotope fractionation of hydrogen in the advected ambient air during its partial removal during combustion. Diesel exhaust measurements from dynamometer test stand driving cycles show elevated H2 and CO emissions during cold-start and some acceleration phases. While H2 and CO emissions from diesel vehicles are known to be significantly less than those from gasoline vehicles (on a fuel-energy base), we find that their molar H2/CO ratios (median 0.026, interpercentile range 0.12) are also significantly less compared to gasoline vehicle exhaust. Using H2/CO emission ratios, along with CO global emission inventories, we estimate global H2 emissions for 2000, 2005, and 2010. For road transportation (gasoline and diesel), we calculate 8.3 ± 2.2 Tg, 6.0 ± 1.5 Tg, and 3.8 ± 0.94 Tg, respectively, whereas the contribution from diesel vehicles is low (0.9–1.4%). Other fossil fuel emissions are believed to be negligible but H2 emissions from coal combustion are unknown. For residential (domestic) emissions, which are likely dominated by biofuel combustion, emissions for the same years are estimated at 2.7 ± 0.7 Tg, 2.8 ± 0.7 Tg, and 3.0 ± 0.8 Tg, respectively. For biomass burning H2 emissions, we derive a mole fraction ratio ΔH2/ΔCH4 (background mole fractions subtracted) of 3.6 using wildfire emission data from the literature and support these findings with our wood combustion results. When combining this ratio with CH4 emission inventories, the resulting global biomass burning H2 emissions agree well with published global H2 emissions, suggesting that CH4 emissions may be a good proxy for biomass burning H2 emissions.
Ship and satellite observations over the ocean for verification of the shortwave cloud radiative effect in climate models
Authors: Hanschmann T. , Deneke H. , Roebeling R. , Macke A.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. In this study the accuracy of the radiative transfer scheme of the ECHAM-5 climate model for reproducing the shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) at the sea surface has been investigated. A characterization of both the observed state of the atmosphere and the surface radiation budget from ship and satellite is used for this purpose. The ship observations yield cloud fraction, liquid water path from a microwave radiometer, cloud bottom height as well as temperature and humidity profiles from radiosonde ascents. Level-2 products of the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) have been used to characterize clouds. Within a closure study six different experiments have been defined to find the optimal set of measurements to calculate downward shortwave radiation (DSR) and the SWCRE from the model, and their results have been evaluated under seven different synoptic situations. Four of these experiments are defined to investigate the advantage of including the satellite-based cloud droplet effective radius as additional cloud property. The modeled SWCRE based on satellite retrieved cloud properties has a comparable accuracy to the modeled SWCRE based on ship data. For several cases, an improvement through introducing the satellite-based estimate of effective radius as additional information to the ship based data was found. Due to their different measuring characteristics, however, each dataset shows best results for different atmospheric conditions.
Dust emission size distribution impact on aerosol budget and radiative forcing over the Mediterranean region: a regional climate model approach
Authors: Nabat P. , Solmon F. , Mallet M. , Kok J. F. , Somot S.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The present study investigates the dust emission and load over the Mediterranean basin using the coupled-chemistry-aerosol regional climate model RegCM-4. The first step of this work focuses on dust particle emission size distribution modeling. We compare a parameterization in which the emission is based on the individual kinetic energy of the aggregates striking the surface to a recent parameterization based on an analogy with the fragmentation of brittle materials. The main difference between the two dust schemes concerns the mass proportion of fine aerosol which is reduced in the case of the new dust parameterization, with consequences for optical properties. At the episodic scale, comparisons between RegCM-4 simulations, satellite and ground-based data show a clear improvement using the new dust distribution in terms of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values and geographic gradients. These results are confirmed at the seasonal scale for the investigated year 2008. A multi-annual simulation is finally carried out using the new dust distribution over the period 2000–2009. This change of dust distribution has sensitive impacts on the simulated regional dust budget, notably dry dust deposition and the regional direct aerosol radiative forcing over the Mediterranean basin. This could clearly modify the possible effects of dust aerosols on the biogeochemical activity and climate of the Mediterranean basin. In particular, we find that the new size distribution produces a higher dust deposition flux, and smaller top of atmosphere (TOA) dust radiative cooling.
Consistency between Fourier transform and small-volume few-wave decomposition for spectral and spatial variability of gravity waves above a typhoon
Authors: Lehmann C. I. , Kim Y.-H. , Preusse P. , Chun H.-Y. , Ern M. , Kim S.-Y.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Convective gravity wave (GW) sources are spatially localized and emit at the same time waves with a wide spectrum of phase speeds. Any wave analysis therefore compromises between spectral and spatial resolution. Future satellite borne limb imagers will for a first time provide real 3-D volumes of observations. These volumes will be however limited which will impose further constraints on the analysis technique. In this study a three dimensional few-wave approach fitting sinusoidal waves to limited 3-D volumes is introduced. The method is applied to simulated GWs above typhoon Ewiniar and GW momentum flux is estimated from temperature fluctuations. Phase speed spectra as well as average profiles of positive, negative and net momentum fluxes are compared to momentum flux estimated by Fourier transform as well as spatial averaging of wind fluctuations. The results agree within 10–20%. The few-wave method can also reveal the spatial orientation of the GWs with respect to the source. The relevance of the results for different types of measurements as well as its applicability to model data is discussed.
Eddy-covariance flux measurements with a weight-shift microlight aircraft
Authors: Metzger S. , Junkermann W. , Mauder M. , Beyrich F. , Butterbach-Bahl K. , Schmid H. P. , Foken T.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and quality of eddy-covariance flux measurements from a weight-shift microlight aircraft (WSMA). Firstly, we investigate the precision of the wind measurement (σu,v ≤ 0.09 m s−1, σw = 0.04 m s−1), the lynchpin of flux calculations from aircraft. From here, the smallest resolvable changes in friction velocity (0.02 m s−1), and sensible- (5 W m−2) and latent (3 W m−2) heat flux are estimated. Secondly, a seven-day flight campaign was performed near Lindenberg (Germany). Here we compare measurements of wind, temperature, humidity and respective fluxes between a tall tower and the WSMA. The maximum likelihood functional relationship (MLFR) between tower and WSMA measurements considers the random error in the data, and shows very good agreement of the scalar averages. The MLFRs for standard deviations (SDs, 2–34%) and fluxes (17–21%) indicate higher estimates of the airborne measurements compared to the tower. Considering the 99.5% confidence intervals, the observed differences are not significant, with exception of the temperature SD. The comparison with a large-aperture scintillometer reveals lower sensible heat flux estimates at both tower (−40 to −25%) and WSMA (−25–0%). We relate the observed differences to (i) inconsistencies in the temperature and wind measurement at the tower and (ii) the measurement platforms' differing abilities to capture contributions from non-propagating eddies. These findings encourage the use of WSMA as a low cost and highly versatile flux measurement platform.
Comparison of N2O5 mixing ratios during NO3Comp 2007 in SAPHIR
Authors: Fuchs H. , Simpson W. R. , Apodaca R. L. , Brauers T. , Cohen R. C. , Crowley J. N. , Dorn H.-P. , Dubé W. P. , Fry J. L. , Häseler R. , Kajii Y. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Labazan I. , Matsumoto J. , Mentel T. F. , Nakashima Y. , Rohrer F. , Rollins A. W. , Schuster G. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A. , Wooldridge P. J. , Brown S. S.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. N2O5 detection in the atmosphere has been accomplished using techniques which have been developed during the last decade. Most techniques use a heated inlet to thermally decompose N2O5 to NO3, which can be detected by either cavity based absorption at 662 nm or by laser-induced fluorescence. In summer 2007, a large set of instruments, which were capable of measuring NO3 mixing ratios, were simultaneously deployed in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR in Jülich, Germany. Some of these instruments measured N2O5 mixing ratios either simultaneously or alternatively. Experiments focussed on the investigation of potential interferences from e.g. water vapor or aerosol and on the investigation of the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by NO3. The comparison of N2O5 mixing ratios shows an excellent agreement between measurements of instruments applying different techniques (3 cavity ring-down (CRDS) instruments, 2 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instruments). Data sets are highly correlated as indicated by the square of the linear correlation coefficients, R2, which values are larger than 0.96 for the entire data sets. N2O5 mixing ratios well agree within the combined accuracy of measurements. Slopes of the linear regression range between 0.87 and 1.26 and intercepts are negligible. The most critical aspect of N2O5 measurements by cavity ring-down instruments is the determination of the inlet and filter transmission efficiency. Measurements here show that the N2O5 inlet transmission efficiency can decrease in the presence of high aerosol loads, and that frequent filter/inlet changing is necessary to quantitatively sample N2O5 in some environments. The analysis of data also demonstrates that a general correction for degrading filter transmission is not applicable for all conditions encountered during this campaign. Besides the effect of a gradual degradation of the inlet transmission efficiency aerosol exposure, no other interference for N2O5 measurements is found.
Changes in the strength and width of the Hadley Circulation since 1871
Authors: Liu J. , Song M. , Hu Y. , Ren X.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Recent studies demonstrate that the Hadley Circulation has intensified and expanded for the past three decades, which has important implications for subtropical societies and may lead to profound changes in global climate. However, the robustness of this intensification and expansion that should be considered when interpreting long-term changes of the Hadley Circulation is still a matter of debate. It also remains largely unknown how the Hadley Circulation has evolved over longer periods. Here, we present long-term variability of the Hadley Circulation using the 20th Century Reanalysis. It shows a slight strengthening and widening of the Hadley Circulation since the late 1970s, which is not inconsistent with recent assessments. However, over centennial timescales (1871–2008), the Hadley Circulation shows a tendency towards a more intense and narrower state. More importantly, the width of the Hadley Circulation might have not yet completed a life-cycle since 1871. The strength and width of the Hadley Circulation during the late 19th to early 20th century show strong natural variability, exceeding variability that coincides with global warming in recent decades. These findings raise the question of whether the recent change in the Hadley Circulation is primarily attributed to greenhouse warming or to a long-period oscillation of the Hadley Circulation – substantially longer than that observed in previous studies.
Enrichment in 13C of atmospheric CH4 during the Younger Dryas termination
Authors: Melton J. R. , Schaefer H. , Whiticar M. J.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The abrupt warming across the Younger Dryas termination (~11 600 yr before present) was marked by a large increase in the global atmospheric methane mixing ratio. The debate over sources responsible for the rise in methane centers on the roles of global wetlands, marine gas hydrates, and thermokarst lakes. We present a new, higher-precision methane stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13CH4) dataset from ice sampled at Påkitsoq, Greenland that shows distinct 13C-enrichment associated with this rise. We investigate the validity of this finding in face of known anomalous methane concentrations that occur at Påkitsoq. Comparison with previously published datasets to determine the robustness of our results indicates a similar trend in ice from both an Antarctic ice core and previously published Påkitsoq data measured using four different extraction and analytical techniques. The δ13CH4 trend suggests that 13C-enriched CH4 sources played an important role in the concentration increase. In a first attempt at quantifying the various contributions from our data, we apply a methane triple mass balance of stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios and radiocarbon. The mass balance results suggest biomass burning (42–66% of total methane flux increase) and thermokarst lakes (27–59%) as the dominant contributing sources. Given the high uncertainty and low temporal resolution of the 14CH4 dataset used in the triple mass balance, we also performed a mass balance test using just δ13C and δD. These results further support biomass burning as a dominant source, but do not allow distinguishing of thermokarst lake contributions from boreal wetlands, aerobic plant methane, or termites. Our results in both mass balance tests do not suggest as large a role for tropical wetlands or marine gas hydrates as commonly proposed.
Analysis of intense rainfall events on Madeira Island during the 2009/2010 winter
Authors: Couto F. T. , Salgado R. , Costa M. J.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This paper constitutes a step towards the understanding of some characteristics associated with high rainfall amounts and flooding on Madeira Island. The high precipitation events that occurred during the winter of 2009/2010 have been considered with three main goals: to analyze the main atmospheric characteristics associated with the events; to expand the understanding of the interaction between the island and the atmospheric circulations, mainly the effects of the island on the generation or intensification of orographic precipitation; and to evaluate the performance of high resolution numerical modeling in simulating and forecasting heavy precipitation events over the island. The MESO-NH model with a horizontal resolution of 1 km is used, as well as rain gauge data, synoptic charts and measurements of precipitable water obtained from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS). The results confirm the influence of the orographic effects on precipitation over Madeira as well as the tropical–extratropical interaction, since atmospheric rivers were detected in six out of the seven cases analyzed, acting as a low level moisture supplier, which together with the orographic lifting induced the high rainfall amounts. Only in one of the cases the presence of a low pressure system was identified over the archipelago.
Mechanisms causing reduced Arctic sea ice loss in a coupled climate model
Authors: West A. E. , Keen A. B. , Hewitt H. T.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The fully-coupled climate model HadGEM1 produces one of the most accurate simulations of the historical record of Arctic sea ice seen in the IPCC AR4 multi-model ensemble. In this study, we examine projections of sea ice decline out to 2030, produced by two ensembles of HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings included. These ensembles project a significant slowing of the rate of ice loss to occur after 2010, with some integrations even simulating a small increase in ice area. We use an energy budget of the Arctic to examine the causes of this slowdown. A negative feedback effect by which rapid reductions in ice thickness north of Greenland reduce ice export is found to play a major role. A slight reduction in ocean-to-ice heat flux in the relevant period, caused by changes in the MOC and subpolar gyre in some integrations, is also found to play a part. Finally, we assess the likelihood of a slowdown occurring in the real world due to these causes.
Recanalization of Chronic Refractory Central Venous Occlusions Utilizing a Radiofrequency Guidewire Perforation Technique
Authors: Kundu Sanjoy , Modabber Milad , You John M. , Tam Paul
Published: July 2012

Purpose

To assess the technical success rate and safety of radiofrequency perforation guidewire (RF) technology for the recanalization of refractory chronic central venous occlusions in symptomatic hemodialysis patients with failed conventional endovascular methods.

Methods

This single center retrospective cohort of hemodialysis patients comprised of six men (mean age 67 years, range 55 to 80) with autogenous fistulae, who had already undergone failed conventional endovascular methods. These patients underwent the RF perforation technique from December 2006 to January 2010.

Results

Three patients were successfully treated using the RF perforation technique, after which they had PTFE stent grafts placed at the site of occlusion. There was no recurrence of clinical symptoms. In the remaining three patients, the procedure was terminated after multiple unsuccessful attempts. There were no complications.

Conclusions

The RF perforation technique is a potential alternative technology for recanalization of refractory chronic central venous occlusions in hemodialysis patients in the setting of failed conventional endovascular recanalization techniques.