bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postcolonial sociology as a remedy for global diffusion theory
Authors: Edwards Zophia
Published: May 2020

The dominant theoretical approaches that aim to explain the origins and subsequent global diffusion of modern norms, practices, and institutions have reached an impasse. World polity theory and ‘coercion’ perspectives describe a process in which norms originate in the Global North and spread to the rest of the world. For the former, diffusion occurs via the willful imitation of shared values; for the latter, it occurs due to economic/political pressure and/or force. However, both approaches are unable to account for norms that emerge in the Global South and get adopted globally. This article argues that postcolonial sociology can help overcome the common pitfalls of the existing theories and provide a theoretical framework for analyzing global diffusion through its analytical focus on subaltern agency, ‘relationalism,’ and colonial contours of power. The utility of postcolonial sociology is demonstrated using archival data and an historical analysis of the 1938 Trade Disputes (Arbitration and Inquiry) Ordinance, which emerged in Trinidad and Tobago and was subsequently adopted by a number of colonies across the British empire.
Decentralized Governance of Digital Platforms
Authors: Chen Yan , Richter Jack I. , Patel Pankaj C.
Published: May 2020

Over the past decade, the rise of blockchain technology has led to the emergence of a growing number of decentralized platforms that are governed less by platform owners and more through community efforts. The emergence of blockchain platforms offers a unique opportunity to examine alternative structures for platform governance and to develop a theory around the value of centralized, semi-decentralized, and decentralized governance. Drawing on mechanism design theory, we evaluate the tradeoffs between centralization and decentralization and hypothesize semi-decentralization as a higher performing governance structure. Empirical evidence from the blockchain industry shows that decentralization has an inverted U-shaped relationship with platforms’ market capitalization, developer attention, and development activity. We further examine factors driving the decentralization of platform governance and find that digital platforms of the infrastructure layer—relative to those of the application layer—have a tendency to become more decentralized. This tendency, nevertheless, can be offset by experienced leaders to achieve semi-decentralization. Overall, this study contributes new insights on the characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of effective platform governance.
Fostering Robust, Reliable, and Replicable Research at the Journal of Management
Authors: Bergh Donald D. , Oswald Frederick L.
Published: May 2020

We describe adaptations at the Journal of Management to increase robust, reliable, and replicable research. We begin with the premise that a condition of information asymmetry exists within the submission review process. On one side, authors may or may not report material judgment calls with respect to methodological decisions and reporting of analytical models and findings. On the other side, editors and reviewers may have disclosure expectations and requirements that authors do not know. We describe structural changes made at the Journal of Management and to its review process designed to increase transparency and establish new standards of robust, reliable, and replicable research. We also describe how the special issue contributes to the journal’s trajectory toward improving scientific rigor and credibility.
Unexpected Negative Participant Responses and Researcher Safety: “Fuck Your Survey and Your Safe Space, Trigger Warning Bullshit”
Authors: DeGroot Jocelyn M. , Carmack Heather J.
Published: May 2020

In this article, the authors revisit their experiences analyzing open-ended responses to an online questionnaire about the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. This piece initiates the discussion about the role of participant ethics in studies. People who did not fit the research eligibility requirements participated in the study and contributed vile remarks about the questionnaire and the authors. In addition to claiming the questionnaire protocol was biased and unethical, participants questioned the researchers’ professional abilities and wished death upon them. We dealt with concerns related to safety and the cumulative distress related to reading these negative and dangerous comments. We reflect on those concerns and the unexpected emotion work required to complete the study. Furthermore, we discuss the ramifications of participant sabotage and ill intent—and what that means for researchers trying to conduct ethical research.
Concomitant management of renal calculi and recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and antegrade balloon dilation
Authors: Wei Chunxiao , Wang Tengteng , Chen Shaoan , Ren Xiangbin , Chen Xiude
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aimed to present our experience of concomitant management of renal calculi and recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and antegrade balloon dilation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients who underwent PCNL and antegrade balloon dilation for treatment of renal calculi and recurrent UPJO. The inclusion criterion was the presence of UPJO after failed pyeloplasty with ipsilateral renal calculi. Success was defined as achievement of both symptomatic and radiographic resolution of any stones and obstruction.

Results

All operations were successful without grade III or higher postoperative complications. A stone-free status was observed in all patients and the overall success rate of the procedure was 87.1% (27/31). The success rate of the procedure was significantly higher in patients with mild or moderate preoperative hydronephrosis (96%) than in those with high-grade preoperative hydronephrosis (50%). Moreover, the success rate of the procedure was lower in patients with poor preoperative renal function (0%) than in those with good or moderate renal function (93.1%).

Conclusion

Combined PCNL and antegrade balloon dilation management represents a safe and effective approach for patients with renal calculi and recurrent UPJO after failed pyeloplasty.
“Belgrade to Belgradians, Not Foreign Capitalists”: International Statebuilding, Contentious Politics, and New Forms of Political Representation in Serbia
Authors: Džuverović Nemanja , Milošević Aleksandar
Published: May 2020

This article belongs to a forthcoming special cluster, “Contention Politics and International Statebuilding in Southeast Europe” guest-edited by Nemanja Džuverovic, Julia Rone and Tom Junes.

One of the main criticisms concerning the process of post-conflict transition in Serbia has been the lack of context sensitivity and participation of the local population in the decision-making process, especially regarding the most important issues that were addressed during the political and economic transformation of the country that began in 2001. This criticism became especially pronounced from the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008, when the negative characteristics of international statebuilding became even more apparent, causing increased dependency on international institutions and further economic marginalisation of the most vulnerable groups. By looking at the movement “Don’t Drown Belgrade” and the series of large-scale protests in Belgrade in 2016, the article seeks to explore the main reasons for social discontent with the international-led statebuilding agenda in post-conflict Serbian society and the local strategies employed to resist and subvert this form of statebuilding.
Peripherally inserted central catheters inserted with current best practices have low deep vein thrombosis and central line–associated bloodstream infection risk compared with centrally inserted central catheters: A contemporary meta-analysis
Authors: Schears Gregory J , Ferko Nicole , Syed Imran , Arpino John-Michael , Alsbrooks Kimberly
Published: May 2020

Background:

Peripherally inserted central catheters and centrally inserted central catheters have numerous benefits but can be associated with risks. This meta-analysis compared central catheters for relevant clinical outcomes using recent studies more likely to coincide with practice guidelines.

Methods:

Several databases, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and EBM Reviews were searched for articles (2006–2018) that compared central catheters. Analyses were limited to peer-reviewed studies comparing peripherally inserted central catheters to centrally inserted central catheters for deep vein thrombosis and/or central line–associated bloodstream infections. Subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and patient-reported measures were included. Risk ratios, incidence rate ratios, and weighted event risks were reported. Study quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle–Ottawa and Cochrane Risk of Bias scales.

Results:

Of 4609 screened abstracts, 31 studies were included in these meta-analyses. Across studies, peripherally inserted central catheters were protective for central line–associated bloodstream infection (incidence rate ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.92), with consistent results across subgroups. Peripherally inserted central catheters were associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (risk ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.94); however, smaller diameter and single-lumen peripherally inserted central catheters were no longer associated with increased risk. The absolute risk of deep vein thrombosis was calculated to 2.3% and 3.9% for smaller diameter peripherally inserted central catheters and centrally inserted central catheters, respectively. On average, peripherally inserted central catheter patients had 11.6 more catheter days than centrally inserted central catheter patients ( p = 0.064). Patient outcomes favored peripherally inserted central catheters.

Conclusion:

When adhering to best practices, this study demonstrated that concerns related to peripherally inserted central catheters and deep vein thrombosis risk are minimized. Dramatic changes to clinical practice over the last 10 years have helped to address past issues with central catheters and complication risk. Given the lower rate of complications when following current guidelines, clinicians should prioritize central line choice based on patient therapeutic needs, rather than fear of complications. Future research should continue to consider contemporary literature over antiquated data, such that it recognizes the implications of best practices in modern central catheterization.
The journey into a New me: Narratives of self-development and community revitalization among first-generation, Latinx, adult graduate students
Authors: Montero-Hernandez Virginia , Drouin Steven
Published: May 2020

This study explores the narratives of first-generation, Latinx graduate students whose parents emigrated from Mexico. We aimed to understand the life trajectories of six participants, particularly the ways in which they made sense of graduate education (MA and EdD) as part of their personal journeys, identity and practice as educators. Focus groups and image elicitation techniques allowed us to learn from our participants. Participants’ narratives about their life journey were our unit of analysis. Our results suggest that participants pursued graduate school as a tool to engage in self-actualization and to revitalize their families and communities. Central to our findings is the role that trauma played in the approach they used to engage in graduate education. Trauma worked as a catalyser to seek transformative learning experiences that could help them not only expand their selves but also the community where they serve. Students’ re-framing of personal trauma encouraged them to persist in graduate education and consolidate their service-oriented missions.
Rodent EEG: Expanding the Spectrum of Analysis
Authors: Maheshwari Atul
Published: May 2020

In epilepsy research, the analysis of rodent electroencephalogram (EEG) has been performed by many laboratories with a variety of techniques. However, the acquisition and basic analysis of rodent EEG have only recently been standardized. Since a number of software platforms and increased computational power have become widely available, advanced rodent EEG analysis is now more accessible to investigators working with rodent models of epilepsy. In this review, the approach to the analysis of rodent EEG will be examined, including the evaluation of both epileptiform and background activity. Major caveats when employing these analyses, cellular and circuit-level correlates of EEG changes, and important differences between rodent and human EEG are also reviewed. The currently available techniques show great promise in gaining a deeper understanding of the complexities hidden within the EEG in rodent models of epilepsy.
Benefit of selective shunt use during carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia
Authors: Rocha-Neves João M , Pereira-Macedo Juliana , Dias-Neto Marina F , Andrade José Paulo , Mansilha Armando A
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Carotid cross-clamping during endarterectomy exposes the patient to intraoperative neurological deficits due to embolism or cerebral hypoperfusion. To prevent further cerebrovascular incidents, resorting to shunt is frequently recommended. However, since this method is also considered a stroke risk factor, the use is still controversial. This study aims to shed some light on the best approach regarding the use of shunt in symptomatic cerebral malperfusion after carotid artery cross-clamping.

Methods

From January 2012 to January 2018, 79 patients from a tertiary referral hospital who underwent carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia for carotid artery stenosis and manifested post-clamping neurologic deficits were prospectively gathered. Shunt use was left to the decision of the surgeon and performed in 31.6% (25) of the patients. Demographics, comorbidities, imaging tests, and clinical/intraoperative features were evaluated. For data assessment, univariate analysis was performed.

Results

Regarding 30-day stroke, 30-day postoperative complications (stroke, surgical hematoma, hyperperfusion syndrome), and cranial nerve injury, no significant differences were found ( P = 0.301, P = 0.460, and P = 0.301, respectively) between resource to shunt and non-shunt. Clamping and surgery times were significantly higher in the shunt group ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

Selective-shunting did not demonstrate superiority for patients who developed focal deficits regarding stroke or other postoperative complications. However, due to the limitations of this study, the benefit of shunting cannot be excluded. Further randomized trials are recommended for precise results on this matter with current sparse clinical evidence.
Polymyxin B–modified upconversion nanoparticles for selective detection of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli
Authors: Qiao Yan , Geng Hongchao , Jiang Ning , Zhu Xingqi , Li Chenyi , Cai Qingyun
Published: May 2020

Upconversion nanoparticles, Yb,Tm,Fe-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles, are synthesized and modified with polymyxin B for the selective detection of Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxin B, a cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptide which can specifically bind to the lipopolysaccharides of cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, is used to target and bind Gram-negative bacteria. The bacteria are then quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the upconversion nanoparticle–bacteria complexes at 801 nm under 980 nm excitation. A limit of detection of 36 CFU/mL is achieved in the detection of Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli in soybean milk is successfully detected. The limited autofluorescence and photobleaching properties of the upconversion nanoparticles make the proposed method useful for in vivo fluorescence imaging of Gram-negative bacteria.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Rezvani Sean , Taktak Samih , Brough Richard
Published: May 2020

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following minimally invasive surgery is extremely rare, having only been reported in a handful of cases. We present the second documented case of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following transurethral resection in an 80-year-old male undergoing bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outflow obstruction.

Level of evidence: 5
The application of a neural network to predict hypotension and vasopressor requirements non-invasively in obstetric patients having spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section (C/S)
Authors: Gratz Irwin , Baruch Martin , Takla Magdy , Seaman Julia , Allen Isabel , McEniry Brian , Deal Edward
Published: May 2020

Background

Neural networks are increasingly used to assess physiological processes or pathologies, as well as to predict the increased likelihood of an impending medical crisis, such as hypotension.

Method

We compared the capabilities of a single hidden layer neural network of 12 nodes to those of a discrete-feature discrimination approach with the goal being to predict the likelihood of a given patient developing significant hypotension under spinal anesthesia when undergoing a Cesarean section (C/S). Physiological input information was derived from a non-invasive blood pressure device (Caretaker [CT]) that utilizes a finger cuff to measure blood pressure and other hemodynamic parameters via pulse contour analysis. Receiver-operator-curve/area-under-curve analyses were used to compare performance.

Results

The results presented here suggest that a neural network approach (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 0.89 [p < 0.001]), at least at the implementation level of a clinically relevant prediction algorithm, may be superior to a discrete feature quantification approach (AUC = 0.87 [p < 0.001]), providing implicit access to a plurality of features and combinations thereof. In addition, the expansion of the approach to include the submission of other physiological data signals, such as heart rate variability, to the network can be readily envisioned.

Conclusion

This pilot study has demonstrated that increased coherence in Arterial Stiffness (AS) variability obtained from the pulse wave analysis of a continuous non-invasive blood pressure device appears to be an effective predictor of hypotension after spinal anesthesia in the obstetrics population undergoing C/S.

This allowed us to predict specific dosing thresholds of phenylephrine required to maintain systolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg.
A melting, encapsulated, calcified pulmonary nodule in a healthy 51-year-old woman: a case report
Authors: Chang Hsu-Chao , Lee Yi-Hsin , Yang Mei-Chen
Published: May 2020

Background

Foreign body aspiration is less common in healthy adults, which makes diagnosis difficult. Early detection of smaller/sharp foreign bodies in the distal airway is more difficult because patients might have no symptoms and imaging studies could appear normal.

Here we describe the course of a small, sharp foreign body (chicken bone) lodged in the distal airway of a healthy middle-aged woman. The chicken bone was initially thought to be an old calcified tuberculoma. However, it was encased in a dilated bronchus without obvious surrounding lymphadenitis or parenchymal infiltration, and it melted with time. Two years later, histopathological examination revealed that the calcified lesion was an aspirated chicken bone with a concomitant tuberculoma.

Case presentation

A 51-year-old woman showed an old calcified tuberculoma in the upper right lung lobe during routine examinations. It was “encased” in a dilated bronchus, although it was not raised from the surrounding lung parenchyma. The size of the calcified part decreased (“melted”) with time, and the surrounding inflammation progressed 2 years later, a phenomenon never described in association with tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy revealed a fragment of chicken bone lodged in the next two branches of the upper right posterior bronchus. Surgical segmentectomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed that the calcified lesion was formed by a fragment of chicken bone as well as a tuberculoma. Eventually, the patient recalled an episode of choking on a chicken bone 5 years ago; she believed that she had coughed it out completely at that time.

Conclusions

The “melting” and “encased” phenomena observed in the present case could be useful imaging findings for early detection of small foreign body aspiration in the distal airway.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes comparison between different initial dialysis modalities in end-stage renal disease patients due to lupus nephritis prior to renal transplantation
Authors: Swai Joel , Zhao Xiexiong , Noube Julie-Raisa , Ming Gui
Published: May 2020

Background

Regarding lupus disease activity, morbidity and survival, limited literature concluded conflicting results when comparing hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis as initial renal replacement therapies (RRT) prior to transplantation, in lupus nephritis end-stage renal disease (LN-ESRD) patients. This study was aimed to compare the risks of lupus flares, all-cause infections, all-cause cardiovascular events, and mortality, between hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis as initial RRT - modality before renal-transplant in LN-ESRD patients, by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS were searched for observational-studies comparing LN-ESRD -patients undergoing hemodialysis (Group1) versus peritoneal-dialysis (Group 2) prior to renal-transplantation, by their risks of lupus flare, all-cause infections, all-cause cardiovascular events, and mortality as outcome measures. Relative-Risks of outcomes between the groups measured overall effects at a 95% significance level. RevMan 5.3 computer software was used for analysis.

Results

From search, 16 eligible studies reported 15,636 LN-ESRD -patients prior to renal transplantation with 4616 patients on hemodialysis, 2089 on peritoneal dialysis, 280 directly underwent kidney transplantation, 8319 were eliminated with reasons and 332 participants’ details were not reported. Hemodialysis group had higher risk of all-cause cardiovascular events, Relative-Risk = 1.44 (Confidence Interval:1.02, 2.04),p-Value< 0.05. With regards to risks for mortality, flare and all-cause infections, there were trends that were not statistically significant (p-Value> 0.05).

Conclusion

Except for all-cause cardiovascular events in which peritoneal dialysis is superior to hemodialysis offering better outcomes, both treatment modalities offer more or less similar clinical outcomes as effective initial choices of RRT in LN-ESRD patients prior to renal transplant.

The protocol registration

PROSPERO 2019CRD42019131600.
Prospective evaluating the appropriate use of piperacillin /tazobactam in cardiac center of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mekdad Sanaa Saeed , AlSayed Leenah
Published: May 2020

Background

The appropriate use of Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Pip/Taz), including the correct dose, escalating and or de-escalation according to the microbiological culture is essential to reduce the antibiotic resistance. Resistant to antimicrobials in a major global problem and contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality and cost of care. Guidelines exists to ensure appropriate use of Pip/Taz. Antibiotics Stewardship guidelines (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329404/9789241515481-eng.pdf) provides a detailed recommendation with regards to initiation, monitoring and escalation and de-escalation based on final culture results. Appling such guidelines ensures a more proper utilization of the empiric uses of antibiotics used in the hospital-based setting. Use of Pip/Taz in cases of suspected infection postoperatively is common practice in the cardiac surgery ward where this study was conducted.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study involving all patients who were admitted to the cardiac surgery unit of a tertiary care center. All patient prescribed at least 1 day of Pip/Taz as an empirical therapy were included and prospectively observed. We aimed to evaluate the use of Pip/Taz and its appropriateness based on Antibiotics Stewardship guidelines (ASG). Any deviation from the guidelines in initiation, escalation, de-escalation based on culture and sensitivity results was considered inappropriate use. Four patients died (1.3%) early as result of complications for surgery but included in the analysis. The study was conducted from October 2017 to October 2018.

Results

Of the 300 patients who received Pip/Taz Cultures were done in 250 patients (83%). The overall appropriate use of Pip/Taz was seen in 166 patients (55.3%).

Conclusion

The empirical use of Pip/Taz in the surgical cardiac unit was largely inappropriate and not entirely driven by the culture test results. Interventions are needed to optimize the use of Pip/Taz including appropriate culture and sensitivity driven use and timely de-escalation or de-escalation when indicated. This will prevent emergence of resistance and reduce the patient toxicity and financial costs.
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium ameliorates polyneuropathy and foot ulceration in diabetic BKS db/db mice
Authors: De Gregorio Cristian , Contador David , Díaz Diego , Cárcamo Constanza , Santapau Daniela , Lobos-Gonzalez Lorena , Acosta Cristian , Campero Mario , Carpio Daniel , Gabriele Caterina , Gaspari Marco , Aliaga-Tobar Victor , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Ezquer Marcelo , Ezquer Fernando
Published: May 2020

Background

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common and early developing complication of diabetes mellitus, and the key contributor for foot ulcers development, with no specific therapies available.

Different studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is able to ameliorate DPN; however, limited cell survival and safety reasons hinder its transfer from bench to bedside. MSCs secrete a broad range of antioxidant, neuroprotective, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory factors (known as conditioned medium), which are all decreased in the peripheral nerves of diabetic patients. Furthermore, the abundance of these factors can be boosted in vitro by incubating MSCs with a preconditioning stimulus, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesize that systemic administration of conditioned medium derived from preconditioned MSCs could reverse DPN and prevent foot ulcer formation in a mouse model of type II diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Diabetic BKSdb/dbmice were treated with systemic administration of conditioned medium derived from preconditioned human MSCs; conditioned medium derived from non-preconditioned MSCs or vehicle after behavioral signs of DPN was already present. Conditioned medium or vehicle administration was repeated every 2 weeks for a total of four administrations, and several functional and structural parameters characteristic of DPN were evaluated. Finally, a wound was made in the dorsal surface of both feet, and the kinetics of wound closure, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation were evaluated.

Results

Our molecular, electrophysiological, and histological analysis demonstrated that the administration of conditioned medium derived from non-preconditioned MSCs or from preconditioned MSCs to diabetic BKSdb/dbmice strongly reverts the established DPN, improving thermal and mechanical sensitivity, restoring intraepidermal nerve fiber density, reducing neuron and Schwann cell apoptosis, improving angiogenesis, and reducing chronic inflammation of peripheral nerves. Furthermore, DPN reversion induced by conditioned medium administration enhances the wound healing process by accelerating wound closure, improving the re-epithelialization of the injured skin and increasing blood vessels in the wound bed in a skin injury model that mimics a foot ulcer.

Conclusions

Studies conducted indicate that MSC-conditioned medium administration could be a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to reverse the initial stages of DPN, avoiding the risk of lower limb amputation triggered by foot ulcer formation and accelerating the wound healing process in case it occurs.
Approximation on a class of Phillips operators generated by q-analogue
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of this article is to introduce a new generalization ofq-Phillips operators generated by Dunkl exponential function. We establish some approximation results for these operators. We also determine the order of approximation, and the rate of convergence in terms of the modulus of continuity of order one and two. Moreover, we obtain some direct theorems.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence among people with epilepsy in Ethiopia
Authors: Belayneh Zelalem , Mekuriaw Birhanie
Published: May 2020

Background

Epilepsy is the common neurological disorder in the world, affecting approximately 50 million people. Anti-epileptic medication non-adherence can be a reason for long term hospitalization, repeated emergency seizure attacks, increased health care cost and frequent absence of work due to poor seizure control. Existed studies of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence in Ethiopia have reported great discrepant and inconsistent results which calls a growing demand of systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, this review aimed to show the pooled prevalence of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence among people with epilepsy attending outpatient department.

Methods

Literatures were searched from the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, PsycINFO, Hinnari and Google Scholar for grey literatures. The data were extracted using a prepared data extraction Microsoft Excel format. The data were analyzed using STATA- version 14 (software). The I2test was used to check the heterogeneity between primary studies with a corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of fourteen primary studies of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence were included in the review showing the pooled prevalence of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence to be 39.77 (95% CI: 32.44, 47.10). The highest prevalence [44.13 95% CI: (29.92, 58.34)] was observed among studies used both self-report and medical record review together, and studies used only self-report to screen medication none adherence had the lowest prevalence [37.95% (24.50, 51.41)]. Presence of co-morbid illness [2.27 (95%CI: 1.01, 5.12)], medication side effects [1.84(95% CI: 1.43, 2.38)], substance use or drug abuse [2.01(95% CI: 1.27, 3.20)] had statistically significant association with anti-epileptic medication non-adherence.

Conclusion

In this review, we found that there is a high burden of anti-epileptic medication non-adherence among people with epilepsy in Ethiopia. This demonstrates a need for clinicians to give more attention for the monitoring and evaluation of anti-epileptic medication adherence in the health care service. We also highly recommended for the adoption of a standardized and contextualized adherence screening tools.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number-[CRD42019137631].
Dosing parameters for the effects of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on smoking cessation: study protocol for a randomized factorial sham-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Carl Ellen , Liskiewicz Amylynn , Rivard Cheryl , Alberico Ronald , Belal Ahmed , Mahoney Martin C. , Quisenberry Amanda J. , Bickel Warren K. , Sheffer Christine E.
Published: May 2020

Background

Despite the considerable success of comprehensive tobacco control efforts, tobacco use remains one of the greatest preventable causes of death and disease today. Over half of all smokers in the US make quit attempts every year, but over 90% relapse within 12 months, choosing the immediate reinforcement of smoking over the long-term benefits of quitting. Conceptual and empirical evidence supports continued investigation of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in reducing relapse and decreasing cigarette consumption. While this evidence is compelling, an optimal dosing strategy must be determined before a long-term efficacy trial can be conducted. The goal of this study is to determine a dosing strategy for 20 Hz rTMS that will produce the best long-term abstinence outcomes with the fewest undesirable effects.

Methods

This is a fully crossed, double-blinded, sham-controlled, 3x2x2 randomized factorial study. The three factors are duration (stimulation days: 8, 12, and 16); intensity (900 or 1800 pulses per day); and sham control. Participants (n = 258) will consist of adults (18–65) who are motivated to quit smoking cigarettes and who will be followed for 6 months post-quit. Outcomes include latency to relapse, point prevalence abstinence rates, delay discounting rates, cognitive-behavioral skills acquisition, and multiple measures of potential undesirable effects that impact participant compliance.

Discussion

This study integrates existing theoretical concepts and methodologies from neuropsychology, behavioral economics, brain stimulation, clinical psychology, and the evidence-based treatment of tobacco dependence in the development of a promising and innovative approach to treat tobacco dependence. This study will establish an optimal dosing regimen for efficacy testing. Findings are expected to have a significant influence on advancing this approach as well as informing future research on clinical approaches that combine rTMS with other evidence-based treatments for tobacco dependence and perhaps other addictions.

Trial registration

Clinical TrialsNCT03865472(retrospectively registered). The first participant was fully enrolled on November 26, 2018. Registration was posted on March 7, 2019.
Psychometric evaluation of the modified 19-item Bengali version of WHOQOL scale using Rasch analysis: a cross-sectional study of a rural district in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Nazim , Amirul Islam Fakir M.
Published: May 2020

Background

This investigation aims to validate the psychometric properties of the modified 19-item Bengali version World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument in a typical healthy rural population in Bangladesh.

Method

The cross-sectional investigation collected 300 adults aged 18–85 years from Narail, a rural district of Bangladesh using a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between July and August 2018 using an Android phone installed with a mobile data collection application CommCare. SPSS version 25; IBM. and a Rasch analysis software RUMM2030 were used for analyses.

Results

Results showed good overall fit, as indicated by a significant item-trait interaction with Bonferroni correctedpvalues, for physical ($$ {\upchi}_{(20)}^2 $$χ202=32.13,p = 0.041), psychological ($$ {\upchi}_{(16)}^2 $$χ162=14.93,p = 0.529), social ($$ {\upchi}_{(16)}^2 $$χ162=12.62,p = 0.397), and environmental ($$ {\upchi}_{(20)}^2 $$χ202=22.01,p = 0.339) domains. Item fit residual (IFR) values for all domains were within the desired limits, indicating no deviation from the expected relationship between the individual items and the rest of the items of the scale. Person fit residual (PFR) values also showed no person misfit among the samples, indicating item threshold are suitable for Rasch analysis. Reliability of the three domains of the 19-item WHOQOL scale was very good as indicated by a person separation index (PSI) = 0.873 and Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) = 0.881 for physical domain, PSI = 0.739 and CA = 0.746 for psychological domain, and PSI = 0.753 and CA = 0.781 for environmental domain. The social domain (PSI = 0.650 and CA = 0.669) had below acceptable reliability. All items in each domain had ordered thresholds except one item of the environmental domain. All four domains of the 19-item WHOQOL scale showed unidimensionality and was free from local dependency. Each domain also showed similar functioning for adults and older adults, males and females, no education and at least primary level of education, low and high socio-economic conditions.

Conclusion

The 19-item modified WHOQOL scale is confirmed as an efficient screening tool for measuring QoL among healthy rural Bangladeshi people. The scale could be implemented more widely. In particular, validations are required for diseases-specific population in Bangladesh to measure the Health Related Quality of life (HR-QoL) assessments for people suffering from chronic or other diseases.
Comparing three approaches for involving patients in research prioritization: a qualitative study of participant experiences
Authors: Lavallee Danielle C. , Lawrence Sarah O. , Avins Andrew L. , Nerenz David R. , Edwards Todd C. , Patrick Donald L. , Bauer Zoya , Truitt Anjali R. , Monsell Sarah E. , Scott Mary R. , Jarvik Jeffrey G.
Published: May 2020

Background

By participating in priority-setting activities in research, patients and members of the public help ensure that important questions are incorporated into future research agendas. Surveys, focus groups, and online crowdsourcing are increasingly used to obtain input, yet little is known about how they compare for prioritizing research topics. To address this gap, the Study of Methods for Assessing Research Topic Elicitation and pRioritization (SMARTER) evaluated participant satisfaction with the engagement experience across three prioritization activities.

Methods

Respondents from Back pain Outcomes using Longitudinal Data (BOLD), a registry of patients 65 years and older with low back pain (LBP), were randomly assigned to one of three interactive prioritization activities: online crowd-voting, in-person focus groups using nominal group technique, and two rounds of a mailed survey (Delphi). To assess quality of experience, participants completed a brief survey; a subset were subsequently interviewed. We used descriptive statistics to characterize participants, and we analyzed responses to the evaluation using a mixed-methods approach, tabulating responses to Likert-scale questions and using thematic analysis of interviews to explore participant understanding of the activity and perceptions of experience.

Results

The crowd-voting activity had 38 participants, focus groups 39, and the Delphi survey 74. Women outnumbered men in the focus groups and Delphi survey; otherwise, demographics among groups were similar, with participants being predominantly white, non-Hispanic, and college educated. Activities generated similar lists of research priorities, including causes of LBP, improving physician-patient communication, and self-care strategies. The evaluation survey was completed by 123 participants. Of these, 31 across all activities were interviewed about motivations to participate, understanding of activity goals, logistics, clarity of instructions, and the role of patients in research. Focus group participants rated their experience highest, in both the evaluation and interviews.

Conclusion

Common methods for research prioritization yielded similar priorities but differing perceptions of experience. Such comparative studies are rare but important in understanding methods to involve patients and the public in research. Preferences for different methods may vary across stakeholder groups; this warrants future study.

Trial registration

NICHSR,HSRP20152274. Registered 19 February 2015.
Understanding Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptors-regulated cellular and molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Krishan Pawan
Published: May 2020

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are an economic burden and occur worldwide in all age groups, and the advancement of kidney disease at some point leads to deregulate or influence the function of other body organs and to find a specific target to halt the disease progression which is a tedious challenge. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, it is essential to consider and evaluate the involvement and association of individual endogenous mediators and environmental factors in the progression of CKD to accumulate the required knowledge. More than a dozen pathways leading to relentless progression of CKD have been identified so far, but the association of serotonin 5-HT2Areceptor with progressive renal injury is still under process.

Scientific reports demonstrated that the 5-HT2Areceptor plays a significant role in renal metabolism, glomerular function, and renal vascular tone. So a better understanding of the evolving role of serotonin 5-HT2A-mediated pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD may be a helpful tool to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss recent interventions, pharmacological target, and the possible implication of serotonin 5-HT2Areceptors with associated mechanistic trails leading to CKD.
Molecular characterization and virulence of fungal isolates against the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Yang Bo , Du Cailian , Ali Shaukat , Wu Jianhui
Published: May 2020

The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major pest of leguminous crops grown in Southern China. This study reports the isolation, identification (through molecular characterization) and pathogenic potential of 6 fungal isolates belonging to different fungal species. The fungi were isolated from soil samples collected from different areas of Southern China and were identified as Beauveria bassiana (3 isolates; SB010, SB009, SP016), Cordyceps fumosorosea (one isolate; SP535), Akanthomyces attenuatus (one isolate; SCAUDCL-53), and Aspergillus nomius (one isolate; SCAUN-1). Conidial suspension (1 × 108 conidia ml−1), and the crude extract (0.4 mg ml−1) of all the 6 fungal isolates were tested for their pathogenicity against M. usitatus adults. The results showed that A. attenuatus (SCAUDCL-53) and B. bassiana (SB010) were the most effective fungal isolates against M. usitatus out of all the isolates used in this study. At 5 days post-inoculation, conidial suspension of A. attenuatus (SCAUDCL-53) and B. bassiana (isolate SB010) caused 100 and 90% mortality rates, respectively. The median lethal time (LT50) values of fungal isolates SCAUDCL-53, SB010, SB009, SP016, SP535, and SCAUN-1against M. usitatus adults were 1.36, 3.79, 6.51, 8.49, 17.36, and 5.01 days, respectively. The application of crude fungal extracts of SCAUDCL-53, SB010, SB009, SP016, SP535, and SCAUN-1 against the pest resulted in 85, 93.3, 56.7, 33.3, 41.7, and 53.75% mortality rates, respectively after 5 days of application. Respective LT50 values of the crude fungal extracts against M. usitatus were 3.37, 2.85, 4.87, 7.13, 6.43, and 4.64 days. The fungal isolates used in this study showed considerable bioactivity against the M. usitatus and can be used as potential natural pest control agent for the ecofriendly management of M. usitatus.
Elucidation of the levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium in the serum of Egyptian migraine patients: a case-control study
Authors: Elsayed Dorreya A. , Amin Karam S. , Elsayed Ibrahim A. , Hashim Noha A.
Published: May 2020

Background

Migraine, although, is a prevalent disease; its pathogenesis is complex and still not fully elucidated. The effect of vitamin D on various neurological disorders is thought to be exerted either directly via its specific receptors or through the related minerals. We investigated the possible relationship between vitamin D level and its related minerals (calcium and magnesium) and migraine characteristics in patients.

Subjects and methods

Thirty healthy individuals and 60 age- and sex-matched migraineurs (22 chronic and 38 episodic migraineurs), diagnosed according to the International Headache Society criteria (ICHD-III), were recruited. After obtaining basic data, a visual analogue scale (VAS) for the severity of migraine pain was assessed. Migraine severity questionnaire (MIGSEV) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire were given and illustrated to the participants. Blood samples were obtained, and serum concentrations of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were determined.

Results

Migraine patients had significantly lower level of serum vitamin D and magnesium than healthy subjects with (P< 0.001 andP= 0.04), respectively. However, the difference between the serum calcium levels of the patient and the control group was not statistically significant. Moreover, vitamin D and magnesium had a significant negative correlation with frequency, duration, severity, and disability in migraine.

Conclusion

Vitamin D and magnesium were significantly deficient in migraine patients and were related to the severity and disability of migraine attacks. Low vitamin D and magnesium levels were associated with more frequency and longer duration of migraine attacks.
Malnutrition inflammation index in chronic haemodialysis patients with or without hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Ramadan Fardous Abdel Fattah , Ahmed Nancy Abdel Fattah , Aref Salah Elshahat , El Husseini Mona Abdel Ghani
Published: May 2020

Background

Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Both chronic hepatitis C and chronic kidney disease are common and serious diseases; this work aimed to determine the clinical impact of HCV infection on malnutrition inflammation index score in chronic kidney disease patients.

This study was conducted on 96 patients on haemodialysis. They were divided into two groups. The first group was composed of 46 patients who were on maintenance haemodialysis and had chronic hepatitis C. The second group was composed of 50 patients on haemodialysis who were negative for hepatitis C.

Results

HCV-infected patients were associated with higher malnutrition inflammation score values (10% had MIS 16–20) compared to non-infected patients (2% only had MIS 16–20).

Conclusion

The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in the HCV-positive than the HCV-negative group.
Signaling Inclusivity in Undergraduate Biology Courses through Deliberate Framing of Genetics Topics Relevant to Gender Identity, Disability, and Race
Authors: Hales Karen G.
Published: May 2020

This essay explores topic-specific inclusive frameworks and classroom approaches for genetics concepts related to gender identity, disability, and race.
Undergraduate Biology Education Research Gordon Research Conference: A Meeting Report
Authors: Dolan Erin L. , Borrero Michelle , Callis-Duehl Kristine , Musgrove Miranda M. Chen , de Lima Joelyn , Ero-Tolliver Isi , Gerhart Laci M. , Goodwin Emma C. , Hamilton Lindsey R. , Henry Meredith A. , Herrera Jose , Huot Bethany , Kiser Stacey , Ko Melissa E. , Kravec Marcy E. , Lee Mark , Limeri Lisa B. , Peffer Melanie E. , Pires Debra , Lugo Juan S. Ramirez , Sharp Starlette M. , Suarez Nicole A.
Published: May 2020

This report provides a broad overview of the 2019 Undergraduate Biology Education Research Gordon Research Conference, titled “Achieving Widespread Improvement in Undergraduate Education,” and the associated Gordon Research Seminar, highlighting major themes that cut across invited talks, poster presentations, and informal discussions.
Reviews
Authors: Taylor Patrick , Bartel David , Stalnaker Jack
Published: May 2020

Anatomy of a Paleozoic Basin: The Permian Basin, USA, by Stephen C. Ruppel, ISBN 978-1-970-00740-4, 2019, AAPG and the Bureau of Economic Geology, 412 p., US$49.95 (print). Quantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems, by Céline Scheidt, Lewis Li, and Jef Caers, ISBN 978-1-119-32583-3, 2018, American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, 304 p., US$189.95 (print), US$151.99 (eBook). Innovation in Near-Surface Geophysics, by Raffaele Persico, Salvatore Piro, and Neil Linford, ISBN 978-0-128-12429-1, 2018, Elsevier, 534 p., US$150 (print), US$150 (eBook).