bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variability of ice cover occurrence on Carpathian rivers: A regional perspective
Authors: Fukś Maksymilian , Wiejaczka Łukasz
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This article presents an analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of ice cover (IC) occurrence from 1950 to 2020 in the Polish part of the Carpathians, with a focus on climatic conditions and the impact of dam reservoir operations. Data on border ice (BI), total ice cover (TIC), and air and water temperature data were collected and analyzed using complementary statistical methods, such as Sen's slope, linear least squares regression, the Mann–Kendall test, Student's t-test, the Pettitt test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Additionally, trends and tendencies across multiple time windows were analyzed through Moving Average and Running Trend Analysis. The study found a decrease in the frequency of IC (the sum of the number of days with BI and TIC) and a transformation in the IC structure characterized by an increase in the number of days with BI and a significant decrease in the number of days with TIC. The results suggest that the observed changes in the ice regime of Carpathian rivers are primarily driven by warming winter air temperatures and the effects are compounded by reservoir operations, which intensify the climatic changes and significantly reduce IC occurrence downstream of their locations.
Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning
Authors: Großelindemann Hendrik , Castruccio Frederic S. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Biastoch Arne
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Agulhas Leakage transports relatively warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean and as such is an important component of the global ocean circulation. These waters are part of the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and Agulhas Leakage variability has been linked to AMOC variability. Agulhas Leakage is expected to increase under a warming climate due to a southward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, which could further influence the AMOC dynamics. This study uses a set of high-resolution preindustrial control, historical and transient simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a nominal horizontal resolution of 0.1° for the ocean and sea ice and 0.25° for the atmosphere and land. At these resolutions, the model represents the necessary scales to investigate Agulhas Leakage transport variability and its relation to the AMOC. The simulated Agulhas Leakage transport of 19.7 ± 3 Sv lies well within the observed range of 21.3 ± 4.7 Sv. A positive correlation between the Agulhas Current and the Agulhas Leakage is shown, meaning that an increase of the Agulhas Current transport leads to an increase in Agulhas Leakage. The Agulhas Leakage impacts the strength of the AMOC through Rossby wave dynamics that alter the cross-basin geostrophic balance with a time lag of 2–3 years. Furthermore, the salt transport associated with the Agulhas Leakage influences AMOC dynamics through the salt–advection feedback by reducing the AMOC's freshwater transport at 34° S. The Agulhas Leakage transport indeed increases under a warming climate due to strengthened and southward-shifting winds. In contrast, the Agulhas Current transport decreases due to a decrease in the Indonesian Throughflow and the strength of the wind-driven subtropical gyre. The increase in the Agulhas Leakage is accompanied by a higher salt transport into the Atlantic Ocean, which could play a role in the stability of the AMOC via the salt–advection feedback.
Exploring the Mesoscopic Structure of Bitcoin During its First Decade of Life
Authors: Vallarano Nicolò , Squartini Tiziano , Tessone Claudio J.
Published: January 2025

The public availability of the entire history of Bitcoin transactions opens up the unprecedented possibility of studying this system at the desired level of detail. Our contribution is intended to analyse the mesoscopic properties of the Bitcoin User Network (BUN) during the first half of its history, i.e., across the years 2011-2018. What emerges from our analysis is that the BUN is a core-periphery structure with a certain degree of “bow-tieness”, i.e., admitting the presence of a Strongly-Connected Component (SCC), an IN-component (together with some tendrils attached to it) and an OUT-component. Interestingly, the evolution of the BUN structural organisation experiences fluctuations that seem to be correlated with the presence of “bubbles”, i.e., periods of price surge and decline observed throughout its entire history. Our results, thus, further confirm the interplay between structural quantities and price movements reported by previous analyses.
ANALISIS DESAIN KARAKTER REINA MISHIMA DALAM VIDEO GAME TEKKEN 8
Authors: Nugraha Rifky
Published: January 2025

Video games merupakan fenomena yang digemari kalangan muda masa kini. Berbagai macam jenis genre video games telah banyak memberikan kesan tersendiri bagi para penonton dan pemainnya. Didalam video game itu sendiri terdapat karakter- karakter yang biasanya dimainkan, seperti halnya pada game Tekken 8. Tekken adalah game pertarungan yang diproduksi oleh Bandai Namco, pada serinya yang ke-8 mereka mengeluarkan beberapa karakter baru, salah satunya adalah Reina Mishima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Form, Costume, Personality pada desain karakter Reina menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dari teori manga matrix. Penelitian ini menggabungkan teori manga matrix dengan teori arketipe Carl Jung untuk mengetahui pembentukan Behavor pada tabel hexagon personality dalam manga matrix.
Design e tecnologia assistiva: iniciativas interdisciplinares desenvolvidas no Centro Avançado de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (CADEP-UNESP)
Authors: Anjos de Almeida Mariana , Gomes Favoretto Amanda , Ferreira Cardimo Ana Beatriz , Tiemi Tobaro Erica , da Silva Julio Maisa , Tadeu Monteiro Reverson , Orsi Medola Fausto
Published: January 2025

A Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) é uma área de conhecimento interdisciplinar relacionada a produtos e serviços voltados à promoção da independência e participação social de pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. No âmbito do Design, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento em TA explora os aspectos práticos, estéticos e simbólicos deste produto. A partir das tecnologias de prototipagem rápida, a personalização de dispositivos assistivos ampliou as perspectivas de ações do design, com vistas a aprimorar a funcionalidade dos produtos, bem como favorecer a aceitação, engajamento e satisfação com o uso a partir de soluções que atendam de forma mais adequada às necessidades e preferências dos usuários. Este trabalho descreve as ações de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em Tecnologia Assistiva desenvolvidas no Centro Avançado de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (CADEP), destacando as colaborações interdisciplinares que foram a base dos projetos aqui apresentados.
‘You Can Really See the Pain in Their Eyes’: Stressors and Supports Affecting the Well-being of Homelessness Services Staff in Ireland During COVID-19
Authors: O'Farrell Liam , Moran Lisa
Published: January 2025

Despite their crucial roles, the well-being narratives of those working in homelessness services have frequently been overlooked in research and policy. This paper addresses that gap, presenting qualitative evidence from interviews with homelessness service workers in Cork, Ireland, during 2021 and 2022. We explore the multidimensional, layered character of service staff members’ well-being narratives, showing they are intimately connected to relationships with their own families, commitment to service users, fears about COVID-19, and their motivation to the social mission of their work: to support vulnerable people with multiple, interlinking needs. Our data reveals that stressors encountered in pre-COVID times, relating to burnout, emotional labour, inter-agency working, and career progression, were exacerbated due to government restrictions and new challenges encountered by service users. We focus on the period covering pandemic-related lockdowns in 2020 and 2021, and the immediate aftermath, to consider how those delivering crucial services coped, the informal and formal support they accessed, and the value of this support in their lives. Significantly, our analysis reflects upon the longer-term implications of these findings, contextualised against the backdrop of the housing crisis in Ireland, changing demographics of persons accessing homelessness services, and increased systemic and social pressures.
Críticas a la meritocracia y al profesionalismo desde la perspectiva de Michael Sandel
Authors: Velazco Lévano Nilton César , Collantes Hidalgo José Arnaldo
Published: January 2025

Mitchel Sandel es el referente contemporáneo que, desde la filosofía política, cuestiona el planteamiento de la meritocracia y el profesionalismo tan en boga en las políticas públicas y en el sector privado. Sandel, profesor de la Universidad de Harvard, explora críticamente las bases argumentativas de la meritocracia y del profesionalismo inspirados en un modelo de desarrollo económico neoliberal y globalizante que el Perú ha seguido a pie juntillas desde los años 90, sin considerar las diferencias sociales, económicas, políticas y culturas propias de países como los latinoamericanos. Desde este estudio se pretende aportar en la discusión jurídica, académica y política que implica el rol del trabajador, superando la dimensión productiva y económica, para dar pase al sustento social y de contribución al bien común; ello de cara a la conmemoración del Bicentenario republicano y los retos que este implica para la forja de un país más justo, inclusivo y ético.
Assessment of tolerance in dairy cows of the “sv” product for dry hoof baths
Authors: Khuzin D. A. , Tarasova E. Yu. , Potekhina R. M. , Yusupov S. A. , Lukina G. R. , Bykova P. V.
Published: January 2025

The development and implementation of safe, effective means of preventing and treating diseases of the distal extremities of cattle has important veterinary, zoohygienic and economic significance. At present, the participation of saprophytic and opportunistic microorganisms and their associations in the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases of the fingers and hooves in cattle has been established. An important stage in conducting clinical trials of a new drug is studying the tolerability of its increased doses in all target species of animals for which it is intended according to the instructions. The physiological characteristics of cows associated with the birth of calves and milk production limit the range of effective medicines (antibiotics, NSAIDs, etc.) used for this category of productive animals, which creates certain difficulties in organizing therapeutic and preventive measures. In this regard, a promising direction is the use of a new product “SV” (without restrictions on milk) for dry hoof baths, developed at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “FCTRB -VNIVI” for the prevention and treatment of the initial stages of diseases of the distal limbs of cattle. The results of studying the tolerability of the “SV” product in cows with single and repeated use indicate that the developed product does not have an undesirable negative effect on the clinical status, productivity, hematological, biochemical and pathomorphological parameters of experimental animals. The cows tolerated the effect of the product well; there was no decrease in milk yield and quality of milk, damage to the integrity of the skin and hoof horn, or any allergic reactions. The research results obtained confirm the safety of using the “SV” product for dry baths in practice in the recommended dosage regimen and the prospects for extensive production tests.
Changes in the seasonal cycle of the zebra mussel gonads during its expansion north
Authors: Arshanitsa N. M. , Makrushin A. V. , Kuzmin V. V. , Mylnikova M. A.
Published: January 2025

The ecological role of the zebra mussel is significant and diverse. It plays a significant role in the nutrition of many benthic-eating fish, as well as waterfowl. The settlement of the zebra mussel in the northern regions of Russia has affected the biology of water bodies and had a negative impact on the cooling system of electric and thermal power plants, including nuclear power plants (atomic power plants), etc., causing serious interference in their operation. In the world, a cheap and reliable method of combating this mollusk has not yet been found; mechanical and chemical methods are used. The effectiveness of measures against zebra mussels is currently clearly insufficient and is associated with mechanical and chemical methods. It is believed that there is a lack of a biological component, since the biology of this mollusk has not been sufficiently studied. The gonads of the zebra mussel from the Rybinsk reservoir and the cooling ponds of the Kalinin NPP were examined. The mollusks were collected in the autumn-winter period, when the reservoir was under ice, and the cooling ponds are not covered with ice due to the increased temperature regime. Histological methods were used. The mollusk was fixed in 10% formalin, the thickness of the paraffin sections was 7 μm, stained with iron hematoxylin according to Heidenheim. Studies on the study of the seasonal cycle of the gonads of the zebra mussel showed a change in the seasonal cycle of its gametogenesis in natural reservoirs, whereas with a change in the hydrological regime, which is typical for the cooling ponds of the Kalinin NPP, the seasonal cycle of gametogenesis turned out to be different. Evolution in the new northern homeland of the zebra mussel will go in the direction of growth, adaptation to the habitat. For this, after some time, their stage of post-spawning autumn depletion of the gonads will probably be restored. The time spent on this restoration will be quite long in duration.
Application of the method of infrared spectrometry in the middle range for the determination of melamine in milk
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya T. V.
Published: January 2025

Currently, cases of sale of counterfeit dairy products in the retail network have become more frequent, including those containing melamine, which contributes to an increase in protein content. To assess melamine content and detect adulteration in milk and dairy products, accredited laboratories use the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, which is not used in production laboratories due to factors such as auxiliary equipment and chemical reagents. In accordance with TR CU "On the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products", the maximum permissible amount of melamine in milk should not exceed 1 mg/kg. The aim of the study was to identify melamine using infrared spectrometry in the mid-range. The research was carried out in stages at the educational and research center for Food and Animal Feed at St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine in 2024. The objects of research were raw milk samples without melamine, raw milk samples with different concentrations of melamine and a standard melamine sample. As a result of the studies, a correlation between the intensity of absorption bands in IR spectra of melaminecontaining milk and its concentration was established. Additionally, an absorption band that allows identifying the presence of melamine was found in the IR spectrum.
Analysis of the ecological and hydrochemical state of lake akkel in the conditions of foothill of dagestan
Authors: Ramazanova D. M. , Aliyev A. Yu. , Gunashev Sh. A. , Kasparova M. A. , Saipulaev U. M.
Published: January 2025

Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. Industrial waste, agricultural fertilizers and domestic wastewater enter to water bodies, leading to the death of aquatic organisms and deterioration of the quality of drinking water. Particularly dangerous are heavy metals and pesticides, which can accumulate in living organisms, causing chronic diseases and genetic mutations. Solving of these problems requires an integrated approach. It is necessary to develop and implement water purification technologies, improve wastewater collection and processing systems, and introduce methods of the rational use of water in agriculture and industry. This work is based on our own materials, obtained during research es, conducted on Lake Akkel and its tributaries. Oz. Akkel has fresh water and is located in the eastern part of the Buinaksky district. From the data presented it is clear, that water samples, taken in different sites, may differ. For example, a noticeable excess of the concentration of nitrate ion was noted in samples, taken from areas 4 and 5. In other areas no excess on this indicator was observed. On hydrocarbonate ion water samples in points 1, 4-6 had overestimated values. Sample 6 had a particularly noticeable excess of sodium and magnesium cations, exceeding the maximum permissible values in 14 and 54 times, respectively. Water hardness was too high (153,0) at point N. 6. The conducted studies showed, that the water in the studied reservoir is characterized by favorable hydrochemical regime, with the exception of water hardness, a significant excess of which, according to many authors, can negatively effect on the reproduction of aquatic organisms, living in this reservoir. In addition, most aquatic plants are also sensitive to water hardness and prefer softer water environments.
Structural and functional changes in organs and tissues in polycystic kidney disease in cats
Authors: Lukashik G. V. , Skobelskaya T. P.
Published: January 2025

To date, there are a great many research articles and scientific papers covering kidney problems in the feline family, but only a few of them are devoted to polycystic kidney disease. The study was conducted on the basis of the private veterinary clinic "Zoodoctor" in Simferopol, as well as at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Animals of the Institute of Agrotechnological Academy of the Crimean Federal State Educational Institution named after V.I. Vernadsky. The object of this study were cats from 9 months to 13 years of age with an established diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. The aim of the study was to determine the structural and functional changes in organs and tissues in polycystic kidney disease in cats. The paper analyzes the factors influencing the development of the disease. Comprehensive clinical and structural and functional changes of organs and tissues of cats of various age groups were carried out, as well as morphological abnormalities in the tissues of parenchymal organs of cats at different stages of the disease development were established. The revealed functional and morphological changes observed in polycystic kidney disease in cats allow veterinary specialists to use them for early diagnosis and prevention of the disease. The disease is most often diagnosed in cats aged 3 years and older. Polycystic kidney disease in cats occurs mainly in a chronic form with gradual loss of body weight, lack of appetite, increased blood pressure, loss of elasticity of the skin, increased thirst, polyuria and dehydration. Polycystic kidney disease in domestic cats was characterized by the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, the sizes of which ranged from 0.9 cm to 2.5 cm, affecting both the cortical and cerebral substance of the kidneys. Histological examination of cats affected by polycystic kidney disease revealed the proliferation of dense connective tissue around large-sized cysts in the renal parenchyma with stretching of the walls of small cysts, the inner layer of which is represented by the basement membrane of the renal tubules, stretching due to the contents.
Monkeys as a model object for studying degenerativedystrophic alteration in the human spine
Authors: Oganesyan A. O. , Panchenko A. V. , Kolesnik Yu. A. , Gubsky I. L. , Baklaushev V. P. , Ilyazyants D. A. , Shestakov V. A. , Radomskaya E. Yu. , Bulgin D. V.
Published: January 2025

Degenerative-dystrophic alteration in the spine (DDAS) is a chronic progressive pathology characterized by changes in the intervertebral discs, joints, ligaments, and bone tissue of the vertebrae; manifested by severe orthopedic, neurological and visceral disorders. Obtaining and comprehensively studying animal models of DDAS is important for the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of this pathology in humans. An ideal animal model of DDAS should have morphological manifestations and biomechanical characteristics similar to humans. Monkeys are the only species of experimental animals that are closest to humans in their anatomical, physiological and genetic characteristics; they are considered «laboratory doubles» of humans and are of particular interest to researchers. The monkeys are very similar to humans in the structure of the spine and motor behavior. Our results indicate a great similarity of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the spine in monkeys and in humans. Monkeys are susceptible to degenerative-dystrophic processes in all parts of the spine (even in the caudal region), despite pronograde statics and the absence of vertical loads. The development of DDAS in monkeys is age dependent, as is the case in humans: most monkeys with such lesions are adults or geriatric animals. The frequency of detection of DDAS based on autopsy results (our own data) and similar pathological changes in the spine at macroand microscopic levels indicate the possibility of using the monkey species we studied as a natural model for studying similar pathology in humans.
Indicators of native and frozen-thawed semen in breeding bulls of the simmental and montbeliarde breeds
Authors: Abilov A. I. , Novgorodova I. P. , Prytkov Yu. A.
Published: January 2025

Semen quality is the main parameter for evaluating sires. Sperm freezing is considered the main method for preserving animals with certain reproductive capabilities. The aim of the study was to investigate the quantitative and qualitative parameters of native and frozen-thawed semen in sires depending on the selection direction. The study was conducted at the base of JSC "GCV" in the Moscow Region, Podolsk, on 3 groups of bulls in the amount of 12 heads: Simmental bulls of the dairy direction (n=4) and meat direction (n=4) and Montbéliarde bulls of the dairy direction (n=4). A total of 477 samples were analyzed, including 173 samples from meat Simmentals (the number of samples in a group varied from 41 to 46); 160 samplings of dairy Simmentals (the number of samplings in a group varied from 32 to 46) and 144 samplings of Montbéliarde (the number of samplings in a group varied from 29 to 47). It was found that the defective ejaculates of native semen in beef bulls averaged 22.7%, the number of fertile spermatozoa 32.6%, while the percentage of defective ejaculates in dairy sires of the Simmental breed averaged 12%, the percentage of fertile spermatozoa at the level of 44.6%. Similar indicators were obtained in Montbéliarde bulls and amounted to 8.2% and 53.6%, respectively. Semen losses per bull were greatest in beef Simmentals (9,808 doses). In Montbéliardes, this figure was 3,795 doses. At a reliable level, the dose of frozen semen per 1 ejaculate in Simmental bulls of dairy orientation was 236 doses and in beef orientation - 201 doses (at P < 0.05). Individual characteristics were also established in bulls in all groups.
Efficiency of methods of cultivation of feline embryos depending on the terms of their obtaining after ovarioectomy
Authors: Khusnetdinova N. F. , Kolyadina N. I. , Pozyabin S. V. , Romidonov A. B. , Romidonov V. B.
Published: January 2025

Currently, ART is developing rapidly in many animal species. The isolation of OCC from ovarian tissue makes it possible to obtain in vitro embryos for further culturing. Accordingly, culturing embryos in vitro, gives chances to obtain offspring in animals even after their death. Using the gametes of domestic cats as a model, it is possible to improve the technique of obtaining embryos, which can be applied to wild animals of the endangered feline family. The aim of our study was: using cat ovaries after routine ovariohysterectomy, to evaluate the criticality of the temperature regime and time interval during transportation of gonads to the laboratory prior to OCC isolation. The evaluation parameter was the percentage of oocytes at the MII stage, embryos at the morula and blastocyst stage. The method of obtaining OKCs, culturing oocytes and embryos was the same in all groups. The results show that the best values were achieved when the ovaries were received in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 °C and taken for 1 hour to 4 hours, while the increasing the time and decreasing the temperature negatively affects the competence to develop OCC. The study was carried out on the material obtained during scheduled ovariohysterectomy of 12 female cats orchidectomy of 5 male cats. As a result of the work, the technique of transportation of gonads to the laboratory was modified for felines, allowing to obtain a sufficient number of OCCs for subsequent culturing and fertilization in vitro. The technology of collecting feline oocytes and spermatozoa has been developed. The method of IVF and embryo culturing was improved. Based on the conducted research, an algorithm for obtaining quality feline embryos both for further embryotransfer and vitrification is developed.Abbreviations: OCC - oocyte cumulus complex, IVF - in vitro fertilisation, ART - assisted reproductive technologies, OVHE - ovariohysterectomy.
Injuries to the tendonligamentous apparatus of horses participating in equestrian distance running competitions in comparison with classical equestrian sports
Authors: Stekolnikov A. A. , Guseva V. A. , Ladanova M. A.
Published: January 2025

In the North-West region of Russia, the interest of athletes is concentrated mainly on classical types of equestrian sports (show jumping, dressage). Show jumping and dressage differ in many ways from endurance, but the main difference is the length of the distance (in endurance races the distance can reach 160 km), which requires training, first of all, for endurance. At the same time, in show jumping, as is known, horses overcome obstacles, and in dressage they perform elements in which the distribution of the load does not always occur evenly. Most likely, the nature and frequency of injuries in horses in endurance races over certain distances will differ from injuries in other types of equestrian sports. The results of these studies are relevant in connection with the widespread incidence of injuries in horses in equestrian sports in order to develop training schemes, preventive and therapeutic measures for injuries in horses participating in competitions in this area [4]. This equestrian sports area is quite young in the NorthWest region, relative to classical types, so there is a need for research. Previous studies have shown that the main cause of injuries in horses participating in races is overexertion caused by excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles over long distances. While in classical equestrian sports the main etiological factors of injury are: excessive stretching of the tendons with a sharp contraction of the muscles, forcing training and, as a result, overheating of the tendons [2,3]. In general, it is known that the flexor tendons and the suspensory ligament (interosseous muscle) are most often injured in horses [1]. Analyzing the obtained research results, it was found that horses participating in equestrian distance endurance racing were more often diagnosed with injuries of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) and deep digital flexor (DDF) of the thoracic limbs, and horses used in classical equestrian sports, along with injuries of the SDF and DDF, were also diagnosed with injuries of the suspensory ligament (SDL) of both the thoracic and pelvic limbs.
Comparative efficacy of lidocaine and bupivacaine in epidural anesthesia in sheep
Authors: Nechaev A. Y. , Pandrangi Harsha
Published: January 2025

The issues of anesthesia during surgical operations in farm animals require the improvement and application of modern methods of both general and local anesthesia. The method of epidural anesthesia and the choice of the optimal anesthetic for its implementation are becoming increasingly widespread in veterinary practice, its dosage determines the adequacy of anesthesia. The present study was conducted in order to conduct a comparative assessment of clinical efficacy when using modern local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia of sheep. A series of 60 tests were conducted on sheep using 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (group I), 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (group II) and 0,5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (group III) at the Department of General, Private and Operative Surgery of St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine in the period from January to July in 2024. Each of the groups consisted of 20 healthy sheep aged from 1 to 2 years. The effect of anesthetics on heart rate, respiration, respiratory volume, minute ventilation and rectal temperature was monitored. During epidural anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine solution, there was a significant decrease in heart rate, a slight decrease in respiration and a decrease in rectal temperature. The heart rate and respiration rate increased significantly when using 2% lidocaine and when using 2% lidocaine with adrenaline. The use of adrenaline in the second experimental group allowed to increase the duration of action of 2% lidocaine. The duration of anesthesia with 0,5% bupivacaine in the third group was the longest in comparison with other groups. Drowsiness, tympania and trembling were observed in some cases when using 0,5% bupivacaine. It follows from the present study that the use of 2% lidocaine is most reasonably in epidural anesthesia in sheep.
Anatomo-topographical justification of anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve of domestic cat
Authors: Ivantsov V. A. , Kachalin M. D. , Lyaskovsky I. D.
Published: January 2025

The publication presents anatomotopographical substantiation of mandibular anesthesia in the domestic cat. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Prof. A.F. Klimov and Veterinary Surgery of the K.I. Skryabin Moscow State Automobile Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biology. The object of the study was a domestic cat (Felis catus) (n=45) aged from 1 to 10 years. The material for the study were mandibles (n=15) and review radiographs of the head region (n=30). We used a complex methodical approach including: anatomical preparation for the purpose of skeletonization of the head, macromorphometry with determination of skeletotopic landmarks of the mandible, overview radiography of the bone structure of the head with subsequent decoding of the obtained information and radiogrammetry in the program “RadiAnt”, as well as statistical processing of the obtained digital data was carried out according to the generally accepted methods. In the analysis of mandibles and review radiographs, we have established species-specific and individual features of anatomo-topographic landmarks (mental and mandibular foramen) corresponding to the structural formations of the mandibular canal in the domestic cat. Thus the shape, variations and skeletotopia of the studied foramen are described. On the basis of the obtained results of macroscopic morphometry and radiogrammetry the skeletotopic landmarks of the mandibular canal-forming foramen are presented, which should be taken into account during mandibular anesthesia. The obtained results are basic for the development of new accesses to the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve when performing mandibular anesthesia in veterinary dentistry.
Features of limbs diseases in replacement heifers at industrial enterprises
Authors: Simonov Yu. I. , Simonova L. N. , Chernenok V. V. , Chernenok Yu. N. , Semenov B. S.
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the results of monitoring studies of orthopedic diseases conducted in 2023 at two modern high-tech enterprises with similar conditions for keeping replacement heifers: OOO «Kaluzhskaya Niva», RM «Koltsovo», and OOO «Okhotno», Bryansk Region. The prevalence and structure of orthopedic diseases in different age groups of heifers were studied, the etiological factors of diseases, reasons for culling were analyzed, and recommendations were given to reduce injuries to young cattle. In the surveyed enterprises, limb diseases in replacement heifers average 14.5%, while the analysis of the prevalence of orthopedic pathologies showed a similarity in the structure of lesions in both farms. Each age group of heifers is characterized by a certain list of limb diseases. The most common diseases of the extremities are bursitis and arthritis in the carpal and tarsal joints, which averaged 12.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The main etiological factor of extremity diseases in replacement heifers at the enterprise is trauma. Transportation of calves, their transfer to spacious group sections and the associated motor activity, slippery floors and protruding parts of ceilings lead to falls, blows and the appearance of wounds, abrasions, bruises, aseptic arthritis. Most orthopedic diseases have an inflammatory nature or are complicated by it. The percentage of culling of replacement heifers due to the economic inexpediency of treatment and unsuitability for transferring them to the main herd was 0.48% at the enterprise OOO «Kaluzhskaya Niva» and 0.6% at the enterprise OOO «Okhotno».
Comparative analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the intestine microbiome of piglets, cows and broiler chickens
Authors: Syromyatnikov M. Yu. , Nesterova E. Yu. , Kotarev V. I. , Lyadova L. V. , Burakova I. Yu. , Mikhaylov E. V.
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem in the agricultural sector of the economy worldwide. The intestines of animals can be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of the work was a comparative analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the intestinal microbiome of cows, broiler chickens and pigs using highthroughput sequencing. The largest number of antibiotic resistance genes was detected in piglets (25 genes). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes among broiler chickens and cows was significantly lower, 3 and 1 gene, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequences established a wide prevalence of resistance genes to tetracyclines (TetW) and aminoglycosides (Aph3-III). Among the carriers of antibiotic resistance genes, species dangerous to animal and human health were identified, including Clostridioides difficile, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus. At the same time, it was established that more than 60% of bacteria in piglet feces possessing the tetracycline resistance gene TetW belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. The detected antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens may pose a threat to the health of livestock due to the ineffectiveness of future antibiotic therapy.
Diffusion precipitation reaction using recombinant vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus
Authors: Veretennikov V. V. , Rumyantsev A. M. , Dzhavadov E. D. , Tarlavin N. V. , Kraskov D. A. , Ishtuganova V. V.
Published: January 2025

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive viral disease of young birds that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination is the most important measure to control IBD. Vector vaccines against this disease (Vaxxitek HVT + IBD, VECTORMUNE® HVT-IBD) are used more and more often in industrial poultry farming. Their peculiarity is the synthesis of VP2 protein of IBD virus, which is the main protective antigen in this disease. Unfortunately, in the Russian Federation there are no domestic kits for the determination of postvaccinal antibody titers for these vaccines, so the development of domestic serologic kits for the VP2 protein of IBD virus is an urgent area of research today. The aim of the present work was to investigate the specificity of recombinant VP2 protein synthesized in a bacterial expression system in diffusion precipitation reaction (DPR). As a result of this research, Escherichia coli strains that synthesize full-length VP2 protein at a concentration of 90 μg/mL were obtained on the basis of FSBEI HE SPbSUVM and FSBEI HE SPbSU. This protein was used as antigen in RDP in diagnostic dilution 1:8 with positive serum of 10 Lohmann Brown cross chickens with antibody titer for IBD virus in ELISA (1:10 000). The precipitation bands in agar gel were shown and the synthesized VP2 protein was found to be specific. The data obtained indicate the effective use of recombinant antigens as components of diagnostic kits.
ASSESSING THE RELEVANCE OF CAFFEINE RENAL CLEARANCE IN A BOVINE MODEL
Authors: Ponamarev V. S. , Kostrova A. V.
Published: January 2025

In the context of studying clearance methods for assessing exogenous substances as a diagnostic indicator of the state of the hepatobiliary system, the researchers did not come to an unambiguous conclusion about which of the clearance indicators is the most relevant, so this issue requires further study. The main objective of this study is to identify the main indicators of renal clearance in clinically healthy productive animals (cattle) and to assess the relevance of these indicators in comparison with the data obtained in the previous experiment on assessing plasma clearance. The studies were conducted in 2024 in one of the livestock farms of the Pskov region of the dairy industry, Holsteinized cattle were used in the experiments, average productivity is up to 5.5 thousand milk per year, age is 1 ± 0.2 years. The experimental animals were given a single injection of an isotonic solution of caffeine sodium benzoate (OOO Mosagrogen, Russia) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, since this dosage is the safest in toxicological terms and the most representative in clinical terms. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours, urine was collected from the experimental animals by massaging the bladder [9], after which the caffeine levels were determined by the enzyme immunoassay method using the ELISA-Caffeine test system (manufacturer Gold Standard Diagnostics, USA) on a Stat Fax 4700 strip ELISA analyzer (USA). The results obtained were compared with the concentration of caffeine in blood plasma from the previous series of experiments by determining the correlation coefficient using the methods for calculating the Pearson, Spearman, and Fechner correlation coefficients. Renal and plasma clearance indices have a direct moderate relationship, which is confirmed by all methods of measuring the correlation coefficient. This relationship emphasizes the importance of the functional state of the kidneys for the systemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of exogenous substances, as well as the possibility of applicability of this diagnostic model in practice.
IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Terekhov A. A. , Smirnov A. V. , Tokarev A. N. , Sokolov I. V. , Ljunggren V. A.
Published: January 2025

In conditions of intensive chemicalization of agriculture, cases of contamination of agricultural products with residual amounts of pesticides and veterinary drugs are increasing. A significant role among them is played by organophosphorus compounds, which, despite the relatively low danger to the body, are capable of accumulating in the fatty tissue of animals, which poses a threat to human health. Due to the wide variety of chemical groups of the substances used, differences in their physicochemical properties, method of application and environmental conditions, it is often difficult to accurately identify contaminants. Organoleptic, physicochemical indicators, as well as mobility coefficients of residual amounts of diazinon and chlorophos were determined by TLC, using UFK 254/365 - HD. At the same time, there was no change in organoleptic and physicochemical indicators in the test samples, which does not allow us to establish contamination of the products. During chromatography, residual amounts of organophosphorus compounds were detected, mobility coefficients Rf of diazinon were determined to be 0.65±0.01 and chlorophos to be 0.19±0.01, which corresponds to the value of control solutions. The use of available components and domestic equipment, as well as the possibility of parallel determination of a large number of samples, allows this method to be used as a screening method to ensure food security.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION PARAMETERS OF THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX AND SPATIAL LEARNING CAPABILITIES IN RATS RESPECTING DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCES
Authors: Akhmadiev P. A. , Lastochkin A. A. , Tazetdinov A. M. , Takhirova Z. R. , Khismatullina Z. R. , Khusnutdinova E. K.
Published: January 2025

The results of a recent study of the bioelectrical activity of the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain indicate the involvement of this structure in spatial orientation processes. The authors showed that the nature of the bioelectrical activity can change depending on the point in space where the animal is located. At the same time, the area of the primary somatosensory cortex, which contains the representations of the whiskers - the barrel cortex - remained unexplored. Previously, we conducted studies of the ability of rats to spatial learning, and then studied the structural organization of the brain in some of these animals. Thus, the goal of this work is to search for possible correlations between the parameters characterizing the behavior of rats during spatial learning and the data obtained in histomorphological studies of the somatosensory cortex of these rats. The object of the study is the data obtained as a result of testing in an eight-arm radial maze and in morphometric studies of the somatosensory cortex of the Wistar and DATHET rats. Based on the results of the analysis, we made the assumption that success in spatial learning is directly related to the number of neurons in layer 4. In layer 5, this role is assigned primarily to glia. The differences between the groups of animals here are quantitative. Qualitative differences were observed in relation to layers 2/3 and 6. Thus, Wistar rats are characterized by direct correlations of behavioral indicators with the number of neurons in the first of the above layers, and in layer 6 - with the density of glia distribution. At the same time, such correlations are absent in DAT-HET rats
STUDY OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UNDER DIFFERENT HOUSING METHODS
Authors: Mukhanina E. N. , Shakirov Sh. K. , Safina N. Yu. , Gainutdinova E. R.
Published: January 2025

A serious problem for cattle breeding in the warm season is the threat of heat stress in animals, which causes significant economic losses for the entire industry, while having a negative impact on the productivity of dairy cows, as well as the composition of the milk produced. Daily monitoring of temperature and humidity by special electronic sensors in livestock premises and further calculation of the temperature and humidity index (THI) were chosen as an indicator of thermal stress in dairy cows, after which a link was established between the microclimate of the farm and financial losses. Four farms with different herd management systems, ventilation systems, milking methods and manure disposal were selected as experimental agricultural enterprises. The lowest milk losses were recorded at a megafarm with loose maintenance, robotic milking and an innovative automatic ventilation system. The greatest losses, due to the effect of heat shock on dairy cows, were incurred by a farm with tethered housing, milking in a milk pipeline and not equipped with a ventilation system. At the same time, the indicator of the content of the mass fraction of fat in milk remained relatively stable, the decline was noted only after cases of sharp jumps in the temperature and humidity index in the livestock premises. Most often, such jumps, and the subsequent decline in productivity, occurred in the second half of June and the first half of July 2024. Stabilization of both the temperature and humidity conditions on farms and reduction of the negative effects of heat stress occurred at the end of August and the first half of September. On average, 57 days with critical indicators of the temperature and humidity index were registered for the entire season.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COAGULATION AND CONTRACTION OF PLATELET-FIBRIN CLOTS PREPARED IN THE PRESENCE OF NONSTEROIDAL AND STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
Authors: Bokarev A. V. , Minina A. O. , Pilipets E. Ya. , Nazarov A. Y.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study on the effect of some steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the rate of formation (coagulation) and the rate of retraction (contraction) of clots prepared from erythrocyte-free plasma enriched with platelets. It was found that high concentrations of anti-inflammatory drugs of these groups, through selective effects on platelet metabolism, change the rate and intensity of coagulation and clot contractionin different ways. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam does not change the time of clot formation (coagulation), but significantly accelerates its contraction. It is suggested that the acceleration of the onset and complete completion of contraction is due to the fact that meloxicam suppresses platelet cyclooxygenase of the second type. As a result, platelets stop producing prostacyclin, which is an antagonist of the platelet activator thromboxane-A2. Another nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketorol, on the contrary, significantly prolongs the onset of coagulation of the clot and completely suppresses its contraction. This is due to the fact that this drug is a strong inhibitor of cyclooxygenase of the first type. Accordingly, the platelet activator trom-boxan-A2, which is dependent on this enzyme, ceases to be synthesized. The steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone, in comparison with the control, slightly accelerates both the time of onset of coagulation and the time of onset of clot contraception. However, this effect has low statistical validity. The results obtained are indirect evidence that meloxicam and dexamethasone do not prevent platelet activation. And, therefore, they can be used in parallel with the treatment of platelet-rich plasma. Ketorolac, on the contrary, suppresses platelet activation. And, consequently, its use in parallel with platelet plasma treatment can reduce its therapeutic regenerative effect.