bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doğrudan ve Esinlenerek Sinema Uyarlamalarında Kurmaca İç Mekan ‘Büyük Umutlar’ Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: ARSLAN DINCAY Demet , YURDAKUL TOKER Cagil
Published: June 2020

İç mekan kavramı, sinema sanatı kapsamında kurmaca iç mekan olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kurmaca iç mekan şekillenirken, yaratılan uzam, orijinal anlatıya bağlı kalarak ya da yorumlama biçiminde kendini gösterebilir. Özellikle bir döneme ait anlatıların günümüze uyarlamasında kurmaca iç mekan, dönemin mimari ve iç mimari akımından esinlenerek oluşturulmakta, göstergebilimsel bir araç olarak metnin alt kodlarının izleyiciye aktarılmasında etkin rol almaktadır. Viktoryan dönemin önemli yazarlarından Charles Dickens’in Büyük Umutlar (1861) adlı klasik romanı 19.yy İngiltere’sinde geçer. Kitabın sinema uyarlamaları arasında, 2011 tarihli Brian Kirk Yapımı doğrudan uyarlama ve yorumlanarak uyarlama örneği olan Alfonso Cuarón ait 1998 tarihli yapımlar, aynı metinden hareketle üretilmiş iki faklı yaklaşımı örnekler. Bu çalışmada söz konusu anlatının, dönemine ait toplumsal yapı ve mimari üslubu filme doğrudan ve yorumlanarak yansıtılışı karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir. 19.yüzyıl İngiltere’sinde toplumsal yapı ve iç mekan özelliklerine yoğunlaşılacak, dönem algısını oluşturan temel iç mekan araçları ortaya konulacak, göstergebilimsel bir bakışla filmde metne ait alt mesajlar ve iç mekan kurgusundaki yansımaları, iki ayrı yaklaşım bazında ele alınacak ve karşılaştırılacaktır.
Bankacılık Sektöründe Hizmet Pazarlaması Algısının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ASLAN ÇETİN Filiz , KORUCUK Nazan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada bankacılık sektöründe hizmet pazarlaması algısının tüketiciler açısından gösterdiği değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın evreni 2019 yılında Kars ili Merkez ilçede yaşayan katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Örneklemi ise ilgili evrenden seçilen basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 523 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama aracının geçerliliği ve güvenirliği tekrar test edilerek, geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Normallik varsayımlarının karşılanıp karşılanmadığına ilişkin analizler sonucunda verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular ışığında verilerin parametrik teknikler ile analiz edilmesine olanak veren varsayımların karşılandığı sonunca ulaşılmıştır. Bu sebeple araştırma verileri frekans analizi, bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda tüketicilerin bankacılık sektöründeki hizmet pazarlaması algısının çeşitli değişkenler açısından farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Bizans Resim Sanatında Öteki Kadın Tasviri: Hacer
Authors: DEMİR Hatice
Published: June 2020

Öz
Bu çalışmanın konusunu Bizans resim sanatında Hacer’in tasviri oluşturmaktadır. Eski Ahit Yaratılış episodu 16: 1-16 ve 21: 8-21’de Hacer ile ilgili referanslar vardır. Yaratılış 16: 1-16’ya göre; İbrahim’in eşi Sarah/Saray/Sare’nin, Hacer isminde Mısırlı bir cariyesi/hizmetçisi vardır. Sarah ileri yaşına gelmiştir ve kısırdır. Hacer ve İbrahim’in birlikte olmasına müsaade eder ve Hacer İsmail’e hamile kalır. Hacer, Sarah’ı küçümser ve bunun üzerine Sarah, Hacer’i İbrahim’e şikâyet eder. Hacer kaçar ve bir pınar başında Cebrail ile konuşur. Hacer ile ilgili olarak diğer bir referans Eski Ahit Yaratılış episodu 21: 8-21’de geçer. Sarah geç yaşında hamile kalır ve İshak doğar. Sarah, İbrahim’den Hacer’i kovmasını ister. Hacer “öteki kadın” figürüdür. Soylu değildir ve hanımı tarafından horlanır. Gerek oğlu İsmail ve gerekse kendisi ikinci sınıf insandır. Görmüş olduğu baskı üzerine önce kaçmayı dener. Tanrı’nın meleği geri dönmesini ve hanımına itaat etmesini söyler.
Hacer’in, Kitab-ı Mukaddes’te çizmiş olduğu “öteki kadın” figürü, Bizans resim sanatına da yansır. Örneğin, Sarah ile kıyaslandığında, yapılan tasviri yok denecek kadar azdır. Tasvirler genelde kilise resim programlarında, İbrahim’in Hayat siklusu içerisinde yer alır. San Marco katedralinde yer alan İbrahim siklusu içerisinde Hacer’in iki ayrı tasviri ile karşılaşılır. Bunun dışında kitap resmi örneklerinde de Hacer’in tasvirleri yer alır.
CONCEPTUALISING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING FOR CONSTRUCTION EDUCATION
Authors: Olowa Theophilus , Witt Emlyn , Lill Irene
Published: June 2020

Digitalisation of the construction industry is both driving changes in construction education to meet
emerging industry needs and providing opportunities for new delivery approaches. Universities are responding to these challenges
in diverse ways including in their use of Building Information Modelling for construction education (BfCE). This research is
aimed at understanding the existing approaches to BfCE. A systematic literature review of BfCE in universities was carried out
which identified 305 relevant articles including 44 specific cases of BfCE. These were qualitatively analysed and a Straussian
Theory Model (STM) was adopted to understand the different BfCE approaches reported in the literature, the contextual and
intervening conditions which give rise to them and their consequences in order to develop a conceptual framework which sets
out the relationships between these and the digitalisation of the construction industry. This study provides construction
educators with a descriptive typology that depicts all possible BfCE approaches and which could assist them in determining
suitable approaches and to conceptualise new approaches for teaching students to use Building Information Modelling (BIM) and
also for leveraging BIM to enhance their teaching of other topics.
Testing Earthlike Atmospheric Evolution on Exo-Earths through Oxygen Absorption: Required Sample Sizes and the Advantage of Age-based Target Selection
Authors: Bixel Alex , Apai Dániel
Published: June 2020

Life has had a dramatic impact on the composition of Earth’s atmosphere over time, which suggests that statistical studies of other inhabited planets’ atmospheres could reveal how they coevolve with life. While many evolutionary pathways are possible for inhabited worlds, a possible starting hypothesis is that most of them evolve similarly to Earth, which we propose could lead to a positive “age–oxygen correlation” between the ages of inhabited planets and the fraction which have oxygen-rich atmospheres. We demonstrate that next-generation space observatories currently under consideration could test this hypothesis, but only if the stellar age distribution of the target sample is carefully considered. We explore three possible parameterizations of the age–oxygen correlation, finding that they yield similar results. Finally, we examine how abiotic oxygen sources could affect the results, and discuss how measuring the age dependence of oxygen could shed light on whether it is a reliable biosignature. Future efforts can expand upon this groundwork by incorporating detailed models of the redox balance of terrestrial planets and its dependence on stellar and planetary properties.
Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
Authors: Gressel Oliver , Ramsey Jon P. , Brinch Christian , Nelson Richard P. , Turner Neal J. , Bruderer Simon
Published: June 2020

Outflows driven by large-scale magnetic fields likely play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks and in setting the conditions for planet formation. We extend our 2D-axisymmetric nonideal MHD model of these outflows by incorporating radiative transfer and simplified thermochemistry, with the dual aims of exploring how heating influences wind launching and illustrating how such models can be tested through observations of diagnostic spectral lines. Our model disks launch magnetocentrifugal outflows primarily through magnetic tension forces, so the mass-loss rate increases only moderately when thermochemical effects are switched on. For typical field strengths, thermochemical and irradiation heating are more important than magnetic dissipation. We furthermore find that the entrained vertical magnetic flux diffuses out of the disk on secular timescales as a result of nonideal MHD. Through postprocessing line radiative transfer, we demonstrate that spectral line intensities and moment-1 maps of atomic oxygen, the HCN molecule, and other species show potentially observable differences between a model with a magnetically driven outflow and one with a weaker, photoevaporative outflow. In particular, the line shapes and velocity asymmetries in the moment-1 maps could enable the identification of outflows emanating from the disk surface.
Outburst and Splitting of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold , Agarwal Jessica , Hui Man-To
Published: June 2020

We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of a photometric outburst and splitting event in interstellar comet 2I/Borisov. The outburst, first reported with the comet outbound at ∼2.8 au, was caused by the expulsion of solid particles having a combined cross section ∼100 km2 and a mass in 0.1 mm sized particles ∼2 × 107 kg. The latter corresponds to ∼10−4 of the mass of the nucleus, taken as a sphere of radius 500 m. A transient “double nucleus” was observed on UT 2020 March 30 (about 3 weeks after the outburst), having a cross section ∼0.6 km2 and corresponding dust mass ∼105 kg. The secondary was absent in images taken on and before March 28 and in images taken on and after April 3. The unexpectedly delayed appearance and rapid disappearance of the secondary are consistent with an origin through rotational bursting of one or more large (meter-sized) boulders under the action of outgassing torques, following their ejection from the main nucleus. Overall, our observations reveal that the outburst and splitting of the nucleus are minor events involving a negligible fraction of the total mass: 2I/Borisov will survive its passage through the planetary region largely unscathed.
Variability in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Gravitationally Unstable Tidal Tails
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J. , Barnes Jennifer , Metzger Brian D. , Margutti R.
Published: June 2020

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to result from the merger of two neutron stars (NSs) or an NS and a stellar mass black hole (BH). The final stages of the merger are generally accompanied by the production of one or more tidal “tails” of ejecta, which fall back onto the remnant-disk system at late times. Using the results of a linear stability analysis, we show that if the material comprising these tails is modeled as adiabatic and the effective adiabatic index satisfies γ ≥ 5/3, then the tails are gravitationally unstable and collapse to form small-scale knots. We analytically estimate the properties of these knots, including their spacing along the tidal tail, the total number produced, and their effect on the mass return rate to the merger remnant. We perform hydrodynamical simulations of the disruption of a polytropic (with the polytropic and adiabatic indices γ equal), γ = 2 NS, by a BH and find agreement between the predictions of the linear stability analysis and the distribution of knots that collapse out of the instability. The return of these knots to the BH induces variability in the fallback rate, which can manifest as variability in the light curve of the GRB and—depending on how rapidly the instability operates—the prompt emission. The late-time variability induced by the return of these knots is also consistent with the extended emission observed in some GRBs.
Fast Generation of Large-scale Structure Density Maps via Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Curtis O. , Brainerd T. G.
Published: June 2020

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a recent advancement in unsupervised machine learning. They are a cat-and-mouse game between two neural networks: (1) a discriminator network which learns to validate whether a sample is real or fake compared to a training set and (2) a generator network which learns to generate data that appear to belong to the training set. Both networks learn from each other until training is complete and the generator network is able to produce samples that are indistinguishable from the training set. We find that GANs are well-suited for fast generation of novel 3D density maps that are indistinguishable from those obtained from N-body simulations. In a matter of seconds, a fully trained GAN can generate thousands of density maps at different epochs in the history of the universe. These GAN-generated maps can then be used to study the evolution of large-scale structure over time.
Nanoflare Theory and Stochastic Reconnection
Authors: Jafari Amir , Vishniac Ethan T. , Xu Siyao
Published: June 2020

Local magnetic reversals are an inseparable part of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence whose collective outcome may lead to a global reconnection with a rate independent of the small scale physics—stochastic reconnection. We show that this picture is related to the nanoflare theory, which is one of the most plausible models to solve the coronal heating problem. The magnetic field follows the turbulent flow in a statistical sense by means of stochastic flux freezing. Hence the turbulence, which bends and stretches the initially smooth field, will tend to increase the field’s spatial complexity. Strong magnetic shears associated with such a highly tangled field can trigger local reversals and field annihilations on a wide range of inertial scales, which convert magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energy respectively. The former enhances the turbulence while the latter enhances heat generation on any inertial scale. These theoretical predictions are supported by scaling laws and simulations.
A new approach to the recycling of spent nuclear fuel in thermal reactors within the REMIX concept
Authors: Kovalev Nikita V. , Zilberman Boris Ya. , Goletsky Nikolay D. , Sinyukhin Andrey B.
Published: June 2020

A review of simulated nuclear fuel cycles with mixed uranium-plutonium fuel (REMIX) was carried out. The concept of REMIX fuel is one of the options for closing the nuclear fuel cycle (NFC), which makes it possible to recycle uranium and plutonium in VVER-1000/1200 thermal reactors at a 100% core loading. The authors propose a new approach to the recycling of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in thermal reactors. The approach implies a simplified fabrication of mixed fuel when plutonium is used in high concentration together with enriched natural uranium, while reprocessed uranium is supposed to be enriched and used separately. The share of standard enriched natural uranium fuel in this nuclear fuel cycle is more than 50%, the share of mixed natU+Pu fuel is 25%, the rest is fuel obtained from enriched reprocessed uranium. It is emphasized that the new approach has the maximum economic prospect and makes it possible to organize the fabrication of this fuel and nuclear material cross-cycling at the facilities available in the Russian Federation in the short term. This NFC option eliminates the accumulation of SNF in the form of spent fuel assemblies (SFA). SNF is always reprocessed with the aim of further using the primary reprocessed uranium and plutonium. Non-recyclable in thermal reactors, burnt, reprocessed uranium, the energy potential of which is comparable to natural uranium, as well as secondary plutonium intended for further use in fast reactors, are sent as reprocessing by-products to the storage area.
Evaluation of the neutronic performance of a fast traveling wave reactor in the Th-U fuel cycle
Authors: Pomysukhina Alina Ye. , Sukharev Yury P. , Vlasichev German N.
Published: June 2020

The possibility for all of the uranium or thorium fuel to be used nearly in full is expected in traveling wave reactors. A traveling wave reactor core with a fast neutron spectrum in a thorium-uranium cycle has been numerically simulated. The reactor core is shaped as a rectangular prism with a seed region arranged at one of its ends for the neutron fission wave formation. High-enriched uranium metal is used as the seed region fuel. Calculated power density dependences and concentrations of the nuclides involved with the transformation chain along the core at a number of time points have been obtained. The results were graphically processed for the clear demonstration of the neutron fission wave occurrence and transmission in the reactor. The obtained power density dependence represents a soliton (solitary wave) featuring a distinct time repeatability. Neutron spectra and fission densities are shown at the initial time point, when no wave has yet formed, and at the time of its formation. The wave rate has been calculated based on which the reactor life was estimated. The fuel burn-up has been estimated the ultra-high value of which makes the proposed reactor concept hard to implement. The burn-up of most of both the raw material and the fissile material it produces indicates a high potential efficiency of the developed reactor concept in terms of fuel utilization and nuclear nonproliferation.
A novel view of the problem of Osteoarthritis in experimental rat model
Authors: Palikov Viktor A. , Palikova Yuliya A. , Borozdina Natalya A. , Nesmeyanova Elena N. , Rudenko Pavel A. , Kazakov Vitalij A. , Kalabina Elena A. , Bukatin Mihail V. , Zharmukhamedova Tatyana Yu. , Khokhlova Oksana N. , Dyachenko Igor A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The article presents the results of the functional tests to improve the assessment of MIA-induced osteo­arthritis development and the effectiveness of NSAID therapy.

Materials and methods: In the study, 26 male SD rats were used. MIA-induced osteoarthritis was simulated in the right knee joint. After an intra-articular injection of MIA, the animals were treated with ibuprofen and meloxicam. Pain assessment was studied in the following functional tests: incapacitance (hind limb weight bearing) test, von Frey test (mechanical allodynia), grip strength test, and knee diameter measurement. At the end of the study, a histological analysis of the knee joint was performed.

Results and discussion: An intra-articular MIA injection reduced 1.5 times the paw withdrawal threshold. In the rats that suffered MIA-induced osteoarthritis, the difference between the diameters of the intact and injected joints was 1.05 mm, compared to 0.03 mm difference in the control group. Hind limb weight bearing asymmetry was 89.5% when simulating MIA-induced osteoarthritis. The muscular hind limb grip strength in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis was significantly reduced on 3rd and 7th days after simulating osteoarthritis. Ibuprofen and meloxicam showed signif­icant efficacy in all the above tests, although ibuprofen effectiveness was more pronounced than that of meloxicam.

Conclusion: The following functional tests were identified as the most significant and sufficient to assess the devel­opment of MIA-induced osteoarthritis and analgesic efficacy of NSAIDs: incapacitance test, allodynia test (von Frey filaments), measurement of hind limb grip strength and measurement of the diameter of the inflamed knee joint. The histological analysis made it possible to confirm the correspondence of the physiological response and pathological changes in the knee joint.
Phylogenetic relationship of catshark species of the genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae) based on comparative morphology
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. , de Carvalho Marcelo R.
Published: June 2020

The genus Scyliorhinus is part of the family Scyliorhinidae, the most diverse family of sharks and of the subfamily Scyliorhininae along with Cephaloscyllium and Poroderma. This study reviews the phylogenetic relationships of species of Scyliorhinus in the subfamily Scyliorhininae. Specimens of all Scyliorhinus species were examined as well as specimens of four of the 18 species of Cephaloscyllium, two species of Poroderma, representatives of almost all other catshark (scyliorhinid) genera and one proscylliid (Proscyllium habereri). A detailed morphological study, including external and internal morphology, morphometry and meristic data, was performed. From this study, a total of 84 morphological characters were compiled into a data matrix. Parsimony analysis was employed to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships using the TNT 1.1. Proscyllium habereri was used to root the cladogram. The phylogenetic analysis, based on implied weighting (k = 3; 300 replications and 100 trees saved per replication), resulted in three equally most parsimonious cladograms with 233 steps, with a CI of 0.37 and an RI of 0.69. The monophyly of the subfamily Scyliorhininae is supported as well as of the genus Scyliorhinus, which is proposed to be the sister group of Cephaloscyllium. The phylogenetic relationships amongst Scyliorhinus species are presented for the first time.
Accords d’entreprise et protection des droits des télétravailleurs
Authors: Diard Caroline
Published: June 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la mise en œuvre des droits des télétravailleurs à travers l’étude de l’application de plusieurs accords d’entreprise. Favorisé par l’essor des nouvelles technologies, le télétravail permet de développer le nomadisme et cela questionne sur la porosité de la frontière vie professionnelle/vie privée. Les Anglo-Saxons évoquent le «  Bring Your Own Device  », qui contribue à l’effacement progressif de ces frontières. La possibilité d’être connecté en permanence conduit à une situation de connexion subie et l’absence de régulation entre les sphères privées et professionnelles présente des risques pour la santé des salariés. Il appartient alors à l’organisation d’anticiper la perméabilité des frontières. Bien que la loi de ratification (n° 2018-217 du 29 mars 2018), en consacrant le télétravail n’exige plus la signature d’un accord, il est légitime de se demander quels avantages apportent les accords existants à l’organisation. Comment les accords d’entreprise relatifs au télétravail, mettent-ils en œuvre les droits des télétravailleurs et en particulier la préservation de leur vie privée ? Une étude qualitative menée auprès de cinq entreprises ayant signé un accord relatif au télétravail, avant la réforme, permet de comprendre la mise en œuvre de ces droits et révèle l’importance du droit à la déconnexion.
L’évolution du management, vecteur d’orientation des changements de l’environnement : étude du secteur agroalimentaire en Tunisie
Authors: Ghannouchi Ahlem
Published: June 2020

L’évolution des pratiques managériales, bien qu’ayant souvent un objectif d’adaptation, traduit aussi une volonté de mener des actions d’impulsion dans l’environnement aboutissant à sa transformation. Se référant au modèle PEST pour l’étude de l’environnement et se basant sur la méthode PLS ( Partial Least Square ) pour l’analyse des données, cette recherche se donne pour ambition de déterminer le facteur d’évolution du management qui contribue le plus à l’orientation des changements de l’environnement. Les résultats de l’enquête, menée auprès de 91 entreprises du secteur agroalimentaire en Tunisie, montrent que ce sont principalement les « réponses » du management aux évolutions du marché qui peuvent provoquer des changements dans l’environnement.
Usage des technologies numériques et création de valeur : une application au contexte de la logistique des produits médicaux
Authors: Babei Jean , Paché Gilles
Published: June 2020

Depuis le début du XXe siècle, l’environnement économique évolue vers un usage massif des technologies numériques, tant dans la vie quotidienne des organisations que dans celle des consommateurs. L’article souhaite analyser les effets de l’usage des ressources digitales sur la création de valeur, en référence à une enquête conduite dans le contexte africain (Cameroun). L’objectif est de proposer une évaluation des impacts des restructurations consécutives à l’usage du numérique, et d’examiner leur lien avec la création de valeur pour le client au sein de la logistique de distribution des produits médicaux. Les résultats révèlent une influence significative de l’usage des technologies numériques sur la création de valeur pour le client, et soulignent l’importance d’une maîtrise desdites technologies par les grossistes de produits médicaux.
The impact of air pollution on the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Ding Zuqin ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China, Li Yaxiao , Wang Xiaomeng , Li Huling , Cai Yongli , Wang Bingxian , Wang Kai , Wang Weiming ,   College of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China,   Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the air pollution and tuberculosis cases and its prediction in Jiangsu, China by using the time-series analysis method, and find that the seasonal ARIMA(1, 1, 0)×(0, 1, 1)12 model is the preferred model for predicting the TB cases in Jiangsu, China. Furthermore, we evaluate the relationship between AQI, PM2.5, PM10 and the number of TB cases, and find that the prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model is improved by adding monthly PM2.5 with 0-month lag as an external variable, i.e., ARIMA(1, 1, 0)×(0, 1, 1)12+PM2.5. The results show that ARIMAX model can be a useful tool for predicting TB cases in Jiangsu, China, and it can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of TB.
Phylogenetic Tree Construction Using K-Mer Forest- Based Distance Calculation
Authors: Gamage Gihan , Gimhana Nadeeshan , Perera Indika , Bandara Shanaka , Pathirana Thilina , Wickramarachchi Anuradha , Mallawaarachchi Vijini
Published: June 2020

Phylogenetics is one of the dominant data engineering research disciplines based on biological information. More particularly here, we consider raw DNA sequences and do comparative analysis in order to come up with important conclusions. When representing evolutionary relationships among different organisms in a concise manner, the phylogenetic tree helps significantly. When constructing phylogenetic trees, the elementary step is to calculate the genetic distance among species. Alignment-based sequencing and alignment-free sequencing are the two main distance computation methods that are used to find genetic relatedness of different species. In this paper we propose a novel alignment-free, pairwise, distance calculation method based on k-mers and a state of art machine learning-based phylogenetic tree construction mechanism. With the proposed approach we can convert longer DNA sequences into compendious k-mer forests which gear up the efficiency of comparison. Later we construct the phylogenetic tree based on calculated distances with the help of an algorithm build upon k-medoid clustering, which guaranteed significant efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional phylogenetic tree construction methods.
Parler, écrire : « continuum communicatif » et rupture matérielle
Authors: Mahrer Rudolf
Published: June 2020

Suite à la publication en français d’un important article de synthèse, le modèle proposé par P. Koch et W. Oesterreicher (2001) pour penser la relation entre langue orale et langue écrite est très populaire en Europe, en particulier dans le domaine francophone. On y trouve défendue l’idée que la variation linguistique répond à des impératifs sociaux opposés : la « langue écrite » désigne en fait les manières de parler propres aux situations de « distance communicative » (textes de loi, mais aussi conférence ou plaidoirie) et la « langue orale » correspond aux manières de dire utilisées dans les situations de proximité (conversation, courriel à un proche…). Ainsi définie, l’opposition langue écrite/langue orale a peu à voir avec le medium : elle est déterminée socialement. Après un bref résumé de cette position, cette contribution apporte deux éclairages complémentaires, en expliquant pourquoi il est nécessaire, à propos de l’assimilation entre media et style (« conception ») des énoncés, de distinguer point de vue du linguiste et point de vue de l’usager ; et pourquoi l’indéniable pertinence du point de vue social sur la variation linguistique ne doit pas conduire à écarter un autre aspect sémiologique essentiel de la question, à savoir la manière dont les systèmes de signes et leur emploi sont conditionnés par leur substance (graphique ou phonique).
Littératie scolaire : ambitions exigeantes, difficultés de mise en œuvre
Authors: Delarue-Breton Catherine , Bautier Élisabeth
Published: June 2020

Les évolutions curriculaires de l’école, en lien avec l’évolution de la société, ont conduit à promouvoir, aussi bien pour les élèves du premier que du second degré, le développement de compétences littératiées d’ordres et de niveaux différents, comme prélever des informations dans des textes divers, mais également interpréter ces textes, les mettre en relation afin de les utiliser comme ressources pour penser et élaborer des connaissances. Or, les évaluations internationales montrent que si les élèves scolarisés dans les établissements relevant de l’éducation prioritaire parviennent à prélever des informations, ils sont loin de maitriser l’ensemble des compétences attendues. La présente contribution vise ainsi d’une part à montrer, à partir d’une analyse du programme français de 2015 pour l’école élémentaire et le collège, l’ambition forte de l’école en matière d’apprentissages littératiés. Elle vise d’autre part à présenter un certain nombre d’hypothèses concernant les facteurs qui contribuent à maintenir, voire aggraver les difficultés d’une partie importante des élèves, au sein même de l’école.
La littératie, entre cognitivisme et culturalisme
Authors: Joigneaux Christophe
Published: June 2020

Parce qu’elle est traversée par des approches qui dialoguent peu, la littérature scientifique qui s’est développée autour de la notion de littératie est encore « en chantier ». Comme, de ce fait, cette notion elle-même. L’analyse de ce qui caractérise les approches cognitives et socioculturelles proposée dans cet article, plaide pour une (ré)ouverture de ce chantier, à partir notamment des travaux de J. Goody. En effet leur ancrage à la fois anthropologique et cognitif peut servir de socle théorique à une approche « reconnectée » de la littératie, une approche permettant de mieux intégrer à l’étude des variations socio-culturelles et multimodales des pratiques de l’écrit leurs spécificités cognitives, par exemple en montrant comment ces variations sont liées aux différentes manières d’exploiter les « pouvoirs cognitifs » de l’écrit. Dans la deuxième partie de l’article, nous cherchons à montrer l’intérêt de cette approche reconnectée pour mieux cerner la littératie scolaire et son implication dans la reproduction des inégalités socio-scolaires.
De l’oiseau à la lettre : l’entrée en écriture dans Histoire de ma vie de George Sand
Authors: Ménard Sophie
Published: June 2020

Cet article ethnocritique étudie, dans Histoire de ma vie, l’autobiographie de George Sand, la construction progressive de l’identité artistique afin de comprendre comment les amorces du processus créateur et scriptural préparent l’entrée dans la carrière littéraire et s’affilient à la phase de marge du rite de passage, notamment au modèle initiatique masculin de la « voie des oiseaux » (Fabre, 1986). On suivra dans ce texte, quelques-uns des jalons de l’appropriation de l’écriture en nous interrogeant sur le volet anthropologique de cette initiation scripturaire, à savoir en y repérant les biographèmes culturellement réglés qui, dans la société française du xixe siècle, construisent l’identité sexuée et créatrice dans une productive tension entre des logiques de l’oralité et celles de l’écriture.
Perdre ses lettres en république décadente : d’une poétique de l’internat dans Le Rivage des Syrtes de Julien Gracq
Authors: Bordeleau-Pitre Émile
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article, je me propose d’étudier une articulation singulière se jouant au sein de l’écriture du déclin dans Le Rivage des Syrtes de Julien Gracq (1989c [1951]) : la dialectique entre littératie et oralité. Si la maîtrise de l’écriture et de la lecture est associée au pouvoir dans le roman, et qu’à l’inverse, l’oralité semble vouée à l’impossibilité d’une véritable institutionnalisation, le récit nous fait la démonstration ambivalente d’une certaine conquête de la littératie par les « bruits » et la rumeur ambiante – par ce qui, finalement, n’est jamais posé sur le papier. Utilisant des outils de l’ethnocritique, j’analyse la manière dont l’opposition entre littératie et oralité se résout chez J. Gracq par un étonnant paradoxe : mettre en récit la dégénérescence de la littératie, c’est encore utiliser l’acte dont le mouvement du texte propose l’abolition – l’écriture.
Paul et Virginie (1789) ou la fatale irruption de l’écrit
Authors: Privat Jean-Marie
Published: June 2020

Le roman de Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Paul et Virginie (1999 [1788]), se donne à lire comme le récit d’un affrontement tragique entre deux univers : le monde des oralités premières et heureuses ; le monde des écrits lointains, répressifs ou dépressifs. Ainsi le récit se présente comme la mise à l’épreuve expérimentale de deux cosmologies contradictoires et comme le symptôme d’une crise dans la conscience européenne. Le texte dénonce à sa façon, ce désenchantement du monde – tous les personnages meurent… – et énonce une forme d’utopie poétique où l’écho par exemple – un écho graphique d’oralité à vrai dire –participerait d’un opéra fabuleux imaginaire.
Product Performance Analysis of Fine Bone China Using Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding Process
Authors: Nasir Norazne , Saad Nor Hayati , Wahab Norrul Hafizan Ab , Abdullah Bulan , Sahab Abdul Rahim Mahamad
Published: June 2020

By combining the traditional slip casting technique and existing polymer rotary moulding concept a new process namely Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding (CSRM) machine was established. The CSRM machine was developed to control parameters such as temperature (heating and cooling), time and speed. It is suitable for producing hollow ceramic products especially for ceramic materials such as fine bone china, which is a soft material used for tableware and art ware products due to its brightness and high strength. This research mainly focuses on the preparation of five different particle sizes of fine bone china measurements; 106 μm, 125 μm, 202 μm, 250 μm, and 300 μm respectively by using the CSRM machine. Different particle sizes of the fine bone china materials were tested to check the accurate and suitable wall thickness by controlling the temperature, speed, time and also the weight of the slip to get the best quality of fine bone china products. The parameters obtained will be the guidelines for the overall test to produce the best hollow fine bone china products.
Influence of Dental Implant Design on Stress Distribution and Micromotion of Mandibular Bone
Authors: Ismail Nur Faiqa , Islam M. Saiful , Shuib Solehuddin , Ahmad Rohana , Shahmin M. Amar
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to provide a feasible method for reconstructing the 3D model of mandibular bone to undergo finite element analysis to investigate von Mises stress, deformation and shear stress located at the cortical bone, cancellous one and neck implant of the proposed dental implant design. Dental implant has become a significant remedial approach but although the success rate is high, the fixture failure may happen when there are insufficient host tissues to initiate and sustain the osseointegration. Computerised Tomography scan was conducted to generate head images for bone reconstruction process. MIMICS software and 3-matic software were used to develop the 3D mandibular model. The reconstructed mandibular model was then assembled with five different 3D models of dental implants. Feasible boundary conditions and material properties were assigned to the developed muscle areas and joints. The highest performance design with the best responses was the design B with the value for the von Mises stress for the neck implant, cortical and cancellous bone were 7.53 MPa, 16.91 MPa and 1.34 MPa respectively. The values for the maximum of micromotion for the neck implant, cortical and cancellous bone of design B were 20.60 μm, 21.17 μm and 5.83 μm respectively. Shear stress for neck implant, cortical and cancellous bone for this design were 0.15 MPa, 4.74 MPa and 1.54 MPa respectively. The design with a cone shaped hole which is design B was the proper design when compared with other designs in terms of von Misses stress, deformations and shear stress.
IL-25 Receptor Signaling Modulates Host Defense against Cryptococcus neoformans Infection
Authors: Hansakon Adithap , Jeerawattanawart Siranart , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Angkasekwinai Pornpimon
Published: June 2020

Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common life-threatening diseases caused by Cryptococcus infection. Increasing evidence indicates that type 2 immunity is associated with disease progression by promoting fungal growth and dissemination. However, factors that govern this pathogenic response during infection are still elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-25, one of the type 2–inducing cytokines produced by epithelial cells, in contributing to the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. We found that pulmonary but not systemic infection with a high-virulence strain of C. neoformans significantly induced pulmonary IL-25 expression in the lungs but not brains. In response to pulmonary infection, mice deficient in the surface IL-17 receptor B, a component of the IL-25R, exhibited improved survival with a decreased brain fungal burden. The absence of IL-25R signaling diminished the type 2 and enhanced the type 1 immune response that directed macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages. Interestingly, Cryptococcus-mediated IL-25 signaling suppressed the expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with protection in the brain, including Ifng, Il1b, Ip10, and Nos2, without affecting brain cellular inflammation and microglia cell activation. Il17rb−/− mice receiving cryptococcal-specific CD4+ T cells from wild-type had a shorter survival time with higher fungal burden within the brain and an elevated expression of M2 macrophage markers than those receiving cryptococcal-specific CD4+ T cells from Il17rb−/− mice. Taken together, our data indicated that IL-25 signaling subverts the induction of protective immunity and amplifies the type 2 immune response that may favor the development of cryptococcal disease and the fungal dissemination to the CNS.
Soluble Uric Acid Is an Intrinsic Negative Regulator of Monocyte Activation in Monosodium Urate Crystal–Induced Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Ma Qiuyue , Honarpisheh Mohsen , Li Chenyu , Sellmayr Markus , Lindenmeyer Maja , Böhland Claudia , Romagnani Paola , Anders Hans-Joachim , Steiger Stefanie
Published: June 2020

Although monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are known to trigger inflammation, published data on soluble uric acid (sUA) in this context are discrepant. We hypothesized that diverse sUA preparation methods account for this discrepancy and that an animal model with clinically relevant levels of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis can ultimately clarify this issue. To test this, we cultured human monocytes with different sUA preparation solutions and found that solubilizing uric acid (UA) by prewarming created erroneous results because of UA microcrystal contaminants triggering IL-1β release. Solubilizing UA with NaOH avoided this artifact, and this microcrystal-free preparation suppressed LPS- or MSU crystal–induced monocyte activation, a process depending on the intracellular uptake of sUA via the urate transporter SLC2A9/GLUT9. CD14+ monocytes isolated from hyperuricemic patients were less responsive to inflammatory stimuli compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Treatment with plasma from hyperuricemic patients impaired the inflammatory function of CD14+ monocytes, an effect fully reversible by removing sUA from hyperuricemic plasma. Moreover, Alb-creERT2;Glut9lox/lox mice with hyperuricemia (serum UA of 9–11 mg/dl) showed a suppressed inflammatory response to MSU crystals compared with Glut9lox/lox controls without hyperuricemia. Taken together, we unravel a technical explanation for discrepancies in the published literature on immune effects of sUA and identify hyperuricemia as an intrinsic suppressor of innate immunity, in which sUA modulates the capacity of monocytes to respond to danger signals. Thus, sUA is not only a substrate for the formation of MSU crystals but also an intrinsic inhibitor of MSU crystal–induced tissue inflammation.
Impacts of Physical Environment Perception on the Frailty Condition in Older People
Authors: Mena Carlos , Ormazabal Yony , Fuentes Eduardo , Palomo Iván
Published: June 2020

Frailty increases the vulnerability of older people who commonly develop a syndrome leading to growing dependence and finally often death. Physical environment conditions may affect the severity of the syndrome positive or negatively. The main objective of this study was to analyse the conditions of different urban physical environments and their relationship with the frailty syndrome in older people. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses were performed to detect global and local geographic clustering. Investigating 284 adults with ages from 60 to 74 years old from Talca City, Chile, we found spatial clustering of frailty conditions registered for older people, with hotspots of high and low values associated with areas of different urban infrastructures and socioeconomic levels into the city. The spatial identifications found should facilitate exploring the impact of mental health programmes in communities exposed to disasters like earthquakes, thereby improving their quality of life as well as reducing overall costs. Spatial correlation has a great potential for studying frailty conditions in older people with regard to better understanding the impact of environmental conditions on health.
Affects, Attunements and the Intersubjective Self: Perspectives from Early Development
Authors: Seligman Stephen
Published: June 2020

This paper conceptualizes the self and related concepts so as to emphasize interrelatedness rather than autonomy. From this view of a subject embedded in relationships as a point of departure, it then critiques and restates certain analyticallyoriented concepts so as to render them in a more fully intersubjective frame: “affect attunement” (Stern, 1985), “mirroring” (Kohut, 1977), empathy, and projective identification. This approach draws on drawing on the infant observation research that has emerged in recent decades.
Commento a Stephen Seligman
Authors: Mazzoleni Anna Lisa
Published: June 2020

Rileggere e rielaborare il lavoro di Seligman è per me aprire il mio punto di vista, appartenente all’alveo della psicoanalisi della relazione, al confronto con una differente impostazione epistemica, metodologica e teorica, per poter approdare a nuove e arricchenti conoscenze. Ringrazio l’Autore per le numerose suggestioni; ne sceglierò alcune da approfondire, tenendo come focus i concetti di soggettività e intersoggettività nella clinica con il bambino, e i possibili risvolti nella psicoterapia dell’adulto. (...)
Rosso smeraldo. L’epoca delle psicosi bianche, Floriana Irtelli
Authors: Tricoli Maria Luisa
Published: June 2020

Floriana Irtelli torna in questo suo ultimo libro a scandagliare un tema che le è caro: il ben-essere. Lo fa cercando di comprendere, con una sorta di preveggenza in relazione al tempo che stiamo attraversando, le forme di mal-essere in cui siamo immersi come società, non più solo occidentale ma globale. Il suo fine è quello di delineare la possibilità di “essere nel bene” per sé e per coloro la cui realtà si intreccia indissolubilmente con la nostra. (...)
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Mig-Scog Scale in Migraine Patients
Authors: Polat Burcu , Özge Aynur , Yılmaz Nesrin Helvaci , Taşdelen Bahar , Düz Özge Arici , Kılı Seyma , Sarı Saygın
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

This study assesses the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mig-SCog scale used to determine and monitor the cognitive functions of migraine patients during attacks.

Methods:

After completion of the translation process, for this validity and reliability study the Mig-SCog was administered to a total of 154 migraine patients (91 without aura, 32 with aura, and 31 chronic migraine patients) presenting to the Neurology Clinic of Istanbul Medipol University University. Internal consistency of the factors and the instrument as a whole were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and an alpha value >0.60 was considered acceptable.

Results:

As in the original, the result of factor analysis found a good fit for a 4-factor structure of the Turkish version (KMO = 0.82 and Chi-square P = 0.409), and the factor structure was similar to the original. The factors of the instrument were evaluated as consistent (Cronbach's alpha >0.60), and an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.8485 was calculated.

Conclusions:

The Mig-SCog showed sufficient validity and reliability to be used in Turkish society.
Description using ultramorphological techniques of the infection of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. in larvae and adults of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Travaglini Raphael Vacchi , Forti Luiz Carlos , Arnosti Andre , Stefanelli Luis Eduardo Pontes , Ferreira Allan Roberto Fernandes , Camargo Roberto Da Silva , Camargo-Mathias Maria Izabel
Published: June 2020

Leaf-cutting ants, whose name comes from the habit of cutting leaves and other parts of plants, are dominant herbivores in the Americas, attacking different crops to keep symbiotic fungi (their main food source) in the colony. These ants are soil inhabitants, an environment rich in microorganisms, many of which are considered entomopathogenic. In order to describe a kind of microbial biological control of these ants through histological techniques, we used the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.- Criv.) Vuill. Larvae and adult workers of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) were exposed to a fungal suspension with the concentration of 106/conidia/mL. The specimens were adequately prepared to describe the behavior of the fungus on the integument at 24, 48 and 72 hours after initial exposure. Some specimens were used to represent these periods, being properly processed for scanning electron microscopy, which was applied to document the fungus development on the surface of the insect integument. To better understand the dynamics of the fungal infection, from the conidial adhesion to the potential colonization of the insides of the insect, the histological technique with HE staining was applied. The results showed that, in immature individuals, the hyphal penetration of B. bassiana fungi into the insect integument occurred in 48 h.
Chromosome morphometry of Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Vieira Talles Barcelos , Santana Flávia Assumpção
Published: June 2020

Both the amount and the morphology of chromosomes are important aspects for the specific genomic organization of each organism. Data show that chromosomal evolution, which happens in higher rates in eusocial insects, tends to decrease the size of chromosomes during genetic diversification. Ants have a high karyotypic plasticity, and the genus Camponotus, one of the most speciose genus among the Formicidae, has little cytogenetic information available regarding its abundance. Therefore, this study aimed to assess morphometrically the karyotype of Camponotus renggeri. The chromosomes were obtained from the brain ganglia of prepupae, following a combination of two existent methodologies. Morphometric analysis of the karyotype revealed chromosomes from 0,31 μm to 1,22 μm, which reflects the chromosomal evolution trend towards considerably small chromosomes.