bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entreprendre dans l’économie sociale et solidaire : entre contrôle et créativité ?
Authors: Raedersdorf Sophie
Published: August 2019

Une étude empirique de différentes organisations appartenant à l’économie sociale et solidaire a permis de mettre en évidence que les outils de contrôles qui y sont utilisés sont définis par leur caractère évolutif. Dans un environnement en mutation, les structures de cette économie sont caractérisées par la nécessité d’innover, par des valeurs sociales et solidaires fortes ainsi que le besoin de garantir un équilibre financier. L’article propose de s’interroger sur les liens qu’il peut y avoir entre l’expression de la créativité dans les dispositifs de contrôle et l’innovation dans les prestations de service proposées. L’étude de l’impact des outils de gestion sur l’identité organisationnelle des structures et du cas de la fondation Apprentis d’Auteuil nous permet de nous apercevoir que la dynamique d’amélioration continue au sein des outils de contrôle peut influencer la capacité créative de l’organisation toute entière. L’article détaille également certaines modifications pouvant être apportées au sein des organisations pour faciliter la créativité et l’innovation. Codes JEL : M40
Les innovations de services, une solution pour réduire les consommations d’énergie à l’hôpital ?
Authors: Fourcroy Charlotte
Published: August 2019

Dans le secteur hospitalier, la question de la maîtrise de la demande d’énergie se limite souvent à l’analyse des innovations technologiques ou énergétiques capables de réduire les consommations d’énergie, par exemple la construction de nouveaux bâtiments BBC ou l’installation de systèmes de chauffage performants, comme les systèmes de chauffage à condensation. Les innovations de services ou innovations organisationnelles sont plus rarement prises en compte. Pourtant elles influencent de façon importante les consommations d’énergie, à la hausse ou à la baisse. Ce sont ces innovations et leurs répercussions énergétiques que nous cherchons à identifier dans le cadre de cet article. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse d’entretiens qualitatifs réalisés auprès de directeurs d’établissements hospitaliers et de représentants d’Agences Régionales de Santé. Codes JEL : L89
Les intermédiaires de l’innovation ouverte entre gestion de l’information et gestion des connaissances : le cas de la valorisation de la recherche publique
Authors: Barlatier Pierre-Jean , Giannopoulou Eleni , Pénin Julien
Published: August 2019

L’essor des pratiques d’innovation ouverte a entraîné la multiplication d’intermédiaires d’innovation. L’objectif de notre travail est de mieux comprendre les différentes raisons du recours à ces sociétés d’intermédiation. Nous identifions deux types d’intermédiaires de l’innovation ouverte dont les rôles sont très différents : 1) l’intermédiaire qui contribue à réduire les coûts de transaction de l’innovation ouverte et qui s’inscrit ainsi dans une logique de gestion de l’information ; 2) l’intermédiaire qui participe directement à la création et au transfert de connaissances, s’inscrivant ainsi dans une logique de gestion des connaissances. Nous illustrons ces deux rôles par le cas des intermédiaires de valorisation de la recherche publique. Dans ce cadre nous distinguons clairement les « Technology Transfer Organizations » (TTOs), dont le rôle se limite à gérer de l’information, des « Research and Technology Organizations » (RTOs), qui s’impliquent activement dans le processus de transfert des savoirs académiques vers l’industrie. Codes JEL : O, O3, O32, O33, O34
Émergence d’innovation technologique incrémentale par application, à des experts, de l’analyse du patrimoine intellectuel inventif
Authors: Saulais Pierre , Ermine Jean-Louis
Published: August 2019

Cet article traite de la réversibilité du lien idée-connaissances, c’est-à-dire du passage des connaissances à l’idée inventive, non pas tant dans le résultat (idées inventives engendrées) que dans le procédé de génération lui-même. La question posée est celle de la connexion épistémique qu’il est possible d’établir entre l’analyse de la structure de la connaissance contenue dans le patrimoine intellectuel inventif et l’idéation au sens de la création de connaissances inventives. Notre méthodologie va consister à dérouler une méthode expérimentale en construisant un modèle théorique représentatif et en le validant par une expérimentation. Le modèle théorique identifie une entrée de données sous forme de stimulus cognitif et une production de données en sortie sous forme de vision prospective. L’expérimentation réalise l’instanciation du modèle théorique par l’intervention d’individus sollicités en tant qu’acteurs de la connaissance. Les résultats obtenus incluent la validation expérimentale de l’approche de l’innovation fondée sur les connaissances. Les apports consistent à montrer que l’idéation, stimulée par l’analyse critique de la structure de la connaissance déposée dans le patrimoine intellectuel inventif de l’acteur de la connaissance, peut être vue comme une mutation épistémique, où source, processus, résultat, patrimoine et acteur sont assimilables en une seule entité. Codes JEL : O32
Une agriculture plus technologique sera-t-elle une agriculture plus respectueuse ?
Authors: Bies-Péré Henri
Published: August 2019

L’agriculture souffre d’un important déficit d’image. Pourtant, tout en restant profondément ancré dans la vie des territoires, ce secteur est devenu numéro deux de la robotisation. De nouvelles méthodes, des outils innovants et connectés, ainsi que des réseaux d’entraide le transforment en profondeur.
Le religieux au Liban : vecteur de lien, de violence et de conciliation
Authors: Kanafani-Zahar Aïda
Published: August 2019

Alors même que les raisons qui ont mené à la « guerre de la montagne » (Mont Liban sud, guerre du Liban, 1975-1990) étaient politiques, la violence individuelle et collective - massacres, disparitions, déplacements forcés - a été perpétrée sur le critère religieux, provoquant un profond heurt avec la mémoire de la vie en commun quand « on ne savait pas qui était qui [qui avait quelle religion] ». La « réconciliation », nom donné à la procédure mise en œuvre par les autorités publiques dans cette région pour faire revenir les déplacés chrétiens à leurs localités et les réconcilier avec les villageois druzes, a reposé sur une logique et un mode opératoire communautaires. Elle a néanmoins rendu possible le retour des chrétiens et instauré la pacification. Entre 2005, année de l’assassinat du Premier ministre R. Hariri, et 2009, la paix civile est menacée au Liban. Les confrontations entre les militants des coalitions du 8 et du 14 mars, constituées après cet assassinat, font craindre une reprise de la guerre. Ses symboles les plus forts, - les lignes de démarcation et le 13 avril, date non officielle du début de la guerre -, ont alors été mobilisés par des acteurs civils comme autant de « lieux témoins » de rejet de la guerre mais aussi de pluralisme religieux et d’unité. Au travers de notre travail sur le Mont Liban sud, notre texte tente de cerner quelques aspects de la complexité du religieux dans la société libanaise, lien, violence, conciliation.
« C’est différent des diplomates et des chercheurs ». Genèse et institutionnalisation d’un hybride : les médiations de Sant’Egidio
Authors: Balas Marie
Published: August 2019

Cet article s’attache à élucider les logiques opérant au sein du répertoire « diplomatique » de la communauté italienne de Sant’Egidio, une ONG catholique active dans la médiation internationale. Il évoque en premier lieu la structure de l’organisation et son caractère multipositionné, qui lui octroie la plasticité et les capacités de traduction d’un « objet-frontière » (Star et Griesemer). L’exposé reconstitue ensuite la genèse de ces médiations. Si celles-ci sont présentées comme un prolongement de l’action humanitaire et séculière de l’organisation, la recherche fait apparaître une trajectoire étroitement liée à un agenda religieux : l’origine de l’histoire diplomatique du groupe se loge dans la défense de « minorités chrétiennes » et de « libertés religieuses ». Dans les pratiques de médiations, une division du travail s’observe entre les communautés locales de Sant’Egidio et le siège romain. Au sein des pays en crise, les premières conduisent des programmes préventifs d’éducation à la paix, construisant un important réseau d’informateurs locaux et ambitionnant une « pacification par le bas ». Les membres actifs au siège de l’organisation interviennent pour leur part auprès des organisations internationales et des exécutifs, déployant des procédures institutionnalisées et politiques. C’est alors le rapport aux diplomaties officielles qu’il importe de décrire : l’enquête montre comment les diplomates « de métier » qui font appel aux médiateurs de Sant’Egidio qualifient professionnellement ces derniers et formulent les bénéfices de la collaboration, éclairant et interrogeant tout à la fois les modalités de la pratique diplomatiques dans l’espace international contemporain.
Analyser l’immigration postcoloniale en milieu militaire : retour sur les enseignements d’une enquête ethnographique
Authors: Settoul Elyamine
Published: August 2019

Fondé sur une enquête qualitative consacrée à la sociologie de l’engagement des militaires issus de l’immigration extra-européenne, cet article revient sur les difficultés méthodologiques spécifiques que pose aux chercheurs cet objet de recherche. Présentant la double particularité d’être socialement illégitime et institutionnellement sensible, l’évocation de la diversité (ethnique, religieuse) soulève dans le champ militaire français un certain nombre d’obstacles que nous avons tenté d’identifier et de surmonter. Outre les effets de la matrice républicaine qui préconise le colour blindness , notre contribution donne des repères et des outils méthodologiques pour optimiser la qualité des données recueillies dans cet environnement professionnel aux valeurs très spécifiques (culture du secret, impérativité de la cohésion).
D’une armée prédatrice à une force au service de l’ONU : l’exemple de la Sierra Leone
Authors: Leboeuf Aline
Published: August 2019

Depuis l’indépendance, les gouvernements en Sierra Leone tentent de contrôler leurs forces armées. La solution du contrôle subjectif (clientéliste) qu’elle passe ou non par le recours à des forces étrangères africaines ou privées, s’est avérée insuffisante voire même destructrice : pendant la guerre, les militaires sierra-léonais sont responsables de plusieurs coups d’État et d’importantes violences contre les civils. Le contrôle objectif (s’appuyant sur l’autonomie de l’institution militaire) permet au contraire d’assurer le retour de la paix. La réforme du secteur de sécurité soutenue par le Royaume-Uni à partir de 1999/2000 s’est avérée centrale. Des militaires britanniques mettent sous tutelle l’armée au profit du politique tout en garantissant une véritable autonomie de l’organisation militaire vis-à-vis de ce même politique. En outre, les missions respectives de la police et de l’armée sont redéfinies, l’armée se concentrant sur les missions de maintien de paix. Enfin, le contrôle du gouvernement est renforcé par le développement d’une organisation civile nouvelle, sierra-léonaise, l’ Office for National Security .
Le mémoire dans la formation initiale des professeurs des écoles : quelle place pour la recherche ?
Authors: Moussi Dalila
Published: August 2019

L’article interroge le lien entre la formation initiale des professeurs des écoles dispensée en formation initiale et l’écriture de recherche à la fin du master MEEF 1er degré. L’auteure présente des résultats issus d’une recherche en cours sur les pratiques d’écriture telles qu’elles peuvent être reconstruites à partir de déclarations d’étudiants interrogés par questionnaires, mais également par l’analyse qualitative de leurs mémoires de fin d’études. L’étude comprend un corpus de trente-et-un mémoires d’étudiants de master 2 MEEF, soit une promotion complète de fonctionnaires-stagiaires. L’analyse se décline en trois temps : i) le choix des étudiants quant à leur objet de recherche ; ii) le lien avec les disciplines des enseignants-chercheurs qui assurent la formation ; iii) la démarche scientifique adoptée par ces étudiants. L’analyse qualitative de la revue littéraire et des méthodologies convoquées permet de reconstruire les contenus de cours et d’approcher les savoirs construits par les étudiants. Enfin, l’étude met en évidence la posture d’apprenti-chercheur de ces étudiants à travers les modalités d’énonciation liées la validation des hypothèses de travail et à l’analyse des limites de leur recherche.
Impliquer de futurs professeurs des écoles dans une démarche d’investigation scientifique
Authors: Raulet-Marcel Caroline
Published: August 2019

Comment impliquer les étudiants en master MEEF 1 er degré de première année dans une démarche d’investigation scientifique ? Dans un séminaire d’initiation à la recherche consacré à l’enseignement de l’écriture littéraire à l’école, la confrontation des étudiants avec des sources historiques en partie opaques a permis de susciter leur curiosité sur la nature et les enjeux de l’évolution des pratiques scolaires, et de les engager dans une démarche d’exploration historique et documentaire favorable au développement d’une posture de recherche
Les aires marines protégées : au service de quelle nature ?
Authors: Guerin Chapel Anais
Published: August 2019

Les instances internationales, européennes et nationales ont mis en place depuis les années 1990, des objectifs de préservation de la biodiversité marine à travers l'établissement d'espaces protégés. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, d'érosion de la biodiversité et de prise de conscience sociétale de la nécessité de préserver l'environnement, se pose la question de l'articulation des enjeux, entre nature et société. Les espaces naturels marins ne sont pas que des habitats riches et essentiels à la biodiversité mondiale, ils sont aussi les supports de nombreuses activités anthropiques essentielles au développement des sociétés modernes.
1925 : fin de l’ère chrétienne, an I du surréalisme ?
Authors: Bridet Guillaume
Published: August 2019

Si le titre qui orne la couverture du n˚ 3 de La Révolution surréaliste , « 1925 : fin de l’ère chrétienne  », peut apparaître comme une provocation, il ordonne plus profondément la venue d’un temps nouveau qui se conçoit toutefois de manières contradictoires. Le temps ouvert de la poésie et le temps vectorisé de la révolution cherchent tous deux moins à faire époque qu’à faire l’époque mais ils ne l’entendent pas de la même manière et nulle convergence durable ne peut avoir lieu. Reste qu’à sa manière le surréalisme , même profondément divisé sur la question de l’adhésion au communisme, demeure au service de la révolution et qu’il n’y a aucune raison d’entériner le verdict de l’histoire.
Rapport au savoir et à l’orientation des élèves scolarisés dans un dispositif de la Mission de Lutte Contre le Décrochage Scolaire
Authors: Stevanovic Biljana
Published: August 2019

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier le rapport au savoir et à l’orientation des élèves décrochés dans un contexte de reprise des études. L’enquête a été réalisée auprès des élèves scolarisés durant l’année 2015/2016 et 2016/2017 dans un dispositif de remédiation dans le cadre de la Mission de Lutte Contre le Décrochage Scolaire de l’Académie de Créteil. Les résultats ont montré que ces élèves n’adhèrent pas aux valeurs et aux attentes scolaires, leur parcours scolaire, social et familial rend difficile leur mobilisation et l’appropriation des savoirs dispensés par l’école. Par contre, la bienveillance en classe, la méthode d’enseignement, l’expérience professionnelle et un projet d’orientation réalisable permettent aux élèves de créer les expériences positives qui rendent possible le raccrochage scolaire.
Inverse Sum Indeg Index of Subdivision, t-Subdivision Graphs, and Related Sums
Authors: Doley Amitav , Buragohain Jibonjyoti , Bharali A.
Published: August 2019

The inverse sum indeg (ISI) index of a graph G is defined as the sum of the weights dG(u)dG(v)/dG(u)+dG(v) of all edges uv in G, where dG(u) is the degree of the vertex u in G. This index is found to be a significant predictor of total surface area of octane isomers. In this chapter, the authors present some lower and upper bounds for ISI index of subdivision graphs, t-subdivision graphs, s-sum and st -sum of graphs in terms of some graph parameters such as order, size, maximum degree, minimum degree, and the first Zagreb index. The extremal graphs are also characterized for their sharpness.
L(h,k)-Labeling of Intersection Graphs
Authors: Amanathulla Sk. , Pal Madhumangal
Published: August 2019

One important problem in graph theory is graph coloring or graph labeling. Labeling problem is a well-studied problem due to its wide applications, especially in frequency assignment in (mobile) communication system, coding theory, ray crystallography, radar, circuit design, etc. For two non-negative integers, labeling of a graph is a function from the node set to the set of non-negative integers such that if and if, where it represents the distance between the nodes. Intersection graph is a very important subclass of graph. Unit disc graph, chordal graph, interval graph, circular-arc graph, permutation graph, trapezoid graph, etc. are the important subclasses of intersection graphs. In this chapter, the authors discuss labeling for intersection graphs, specially for interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, permutation graphs, trapezoid graphs, etc., and have presented a lot of results for this problem.
Tripartite and Quadpartite Size Ramsey Numbers for All Pairs of Connected Graphs on Four Vertices
Authors: Jayawardene Chula J.
Published: August 2019

A popular area of graph theory is based on a paper written in 1930 by F. P. Ramsey titled “On a Problem on Formal Logic.” A theorem which was proved in his paper triggered the study of modern Ramsey theory. However, his premature death at the young age of 26 hindered the development of this area of study at the initial stages. The balanced size multipartite Ramsey number mj (H,G) is defined as the smallest positive number s such that Kj×s→ (H,G). There are 36 pairs of (H, G), when H, G represent connected graphs on four vertices (as there are only 6 non-isomorphic connected graphs on four vertices). In this chapter, the authors find mj (H, G) exhaustively for all such pairs in the tripartite case j=3, and in the quadpartite case j=4, excluding the case m4 (K4,K4). In this case, the only known result is that m4 (K4,K4) is greater than or equal to 4, since no upper bound has been found as yet.
Graph Theory
Authors: Seethalakshmi R.
Published: August 2019

Mathematics acts an important and essential need in different fields. One of the significant roles in mathematics is played by graph theory that is used in structural models and innovative methods, models in various disciplines for better strategic decisions. In mathematics, graph theory is the study through graphs by which the structural relationship studied with a pair wise relationship between different objects. The different types of network theory or models or model of the network are called graphs. These graphs do not form a part of analytical geometry, but they are called graph theory, which is points connected by lines. The various concepts of graph theory have varied applications in diverse fields. The chapter will deal with graph theory and its application in various financial market decisions. The topological properties of the network of stocks will provide a deeper understanding and a good conclusion to the market structure and connectivity. The chapter is very useful for academicians, market researchers, financial analysts, and economists.
Integration of Multiple Cache Server Scheme for User-Based Fuzzy Logic in Content Delivery Networks
Authors: Srivastav Manoj Kumar , Bhadoria Robin Singh , Pramanik Tarasankar
Published: August 2019

The internet plays important role in the modern society. With the passage of time, internet consumers are increasing. Therefore, the traffic loads during communication between client and its associated server are getting complex. Various networking systems are available to send the information or to receive messages via the internet. Some networking systems are so expensive that they cannot be used for the regular purpose. A user always tries to use that networking system that works on expansion of optimizing the cost. A content delivery network (CDN) also called as content distribution network has been developed to manage better performance between client and list of available servers. This chapter presents the mathematical model to find optimization among client and cache server during delivery of content based on fuzzy logic.
Mediating Social Media's Ambivalences in the Context of Informational Capitalism
Authors: Briziarelli Marco , Karikari Eric
Published: August 2019

This essay explores the dialectics of media, by considering the socially reproductive and transformative function of social media from a political economic perspective. The authors claim that while media have consistently generated aspirations and fear of social change, their powerful capability of shaping societies depend on the historically specific social relations in which media operate. They engage such an argument by examining how the productive relations that support user generated content practices such as the ones of Facebook users affect social media in their capability to reproduce and transform existing social contexts. In the end, the authors maintain that the most prominent mediation of social media consists of the ambivalent nature of current capitalist mode of production: a contest in which exploitative/emancipatory as well as reproductive/transformative aspects are articulated by liberal ideology.
Trans-National Advocacy and the Hashtag Black Lives Matter
Authors: Campbell Danella May , Chollier Marie
Published: August 2019

This chapter offers an insight into racial debates and equality advocacy in the 21st century and explores the emergence, the becoming and long-lasting effect of #BlackLivesMatter. The hashtag story is a traditional viral web content. Nevertheless, technologies allowed these initially local concerns, to become a world-wide plea. The first section summarises the past and current struggle for civil rights and equality in the USA. The second one focuses on the European reception of the hashtag in two structurally different countries. The last section discusses both outcomes and consequences in terms of social policies and international advocacy. A journalistic and critical analysis of the movement is here provided, with long term effects and reception case studies.
Modeling Rumors in Twitter
Authors: Walia Rhythm , Bhatia M.P.S.
Published: August 2019

With the advent of web 2.0 and anonymous free Internet services available to almost everyone, social media has gained immense popularity in disseminating information. It has become an effective channel for advertising and viral marketing. People rely on social networks for news, communication and it has become an integral part of our daily lives. But due to the limited accountability of users, it is often misused for the spread of rumors. Such rumor diffusion hampers the credibility of social media and may spread social panic. Analyzing rumors in social media has gained immense attention from the researchers in the past decade. In this paper the authors provide a survey of work in rumor analysis, which will serve as a stepping-stone for new researchers. They organized the study of rumors into four categories and discussed state of the art papers in each with an in-depth analysis of results of different models used and a comparative analysis between approaches used by different authors.
Exploring the Complexities Associated to Victimization
Authors: Hutton Erica
Published: August 2019

The following chapter addresses both the presence and complexities that are associated to the reports of victimization within the media in direct correlation to the element of how racial disparities sensationalize certain incidents of crime. The terminology pertaining to news coverage is also identified and described in regards to the modality of planning in the report of the news; in addition, the perspectives of racial conflict is expounded upon to include the sociological influences, ecological effects, and the criminological theories that best describe the cyclical reactions of race-related bias in the media. The discussion explores previous literature centered upon racial bias in media coverage and the areas that appear to be sensationalized more so than not. The goal of news broadcasting and narrowcasting are delineated upon as well as correlating measures associated to the perception of unequal treatment and fear of crime.
Racial Spectacle and Campus Climate
Authors: Roth Kenneth Robert , Ritter Zachary S.
Published: August 2019

Media spectacle has become an important way countries, culture, and commerce is expressed in the global marketplace. Media spectacle is a combination of power and capital and in its final form produces ideology. The U.S. is the global leader in the production and distribution of media, accounting for one-third of more than $90 billion annually in worldwide film distribution alone. U.S. media representations can be distinctive due to their racial dialogue and International college students with little exposure to the U.S. outside of media depictions arrive in America with perceptions that may be detrimental to campus climate. Supported by two independent qualitative studies, this chapter interrogates implications media representations may have for cross-cultural interactions. We identify ways U.S. colleges and universities are addressing campus climate issues, and how these efforts may not be enough. We call for increased diversity training across curricula to promote greater tolerance.
Free Speech, Press Freedom, and Democracy in Ghana
Authors: Ahmad Murtada Busair , Pride Chudey , Corsy Anthony Komlatse
Published: August 2019

Theoretically portrayed as monolithic in the African communication scholarship, Ghana media system calls for a conceptual explanation of its position both as apparatus of political suppression and as a weapon of people's advocacy and liberation. Notwithstanding availability of scholarly works regarding press development in Ghana; there is the need to situate its differing roles in the contemporary democracies as a watchdog, mediator, and advocate and, ideological state apparatus within a specific theoretical context. This paper chooses exploratory method to discuss free speech, press freedom, and media ownership in Ghana, with focus on the roles of the colonialists, anti-colonial activists, post-independence democratic government, and business conglomerates. While exploring the identified subject matter, this paper discusses specific factors that affect free speech and press activities within the framework of diverse political and legal settings that operate in Ghana.
Neo-Populist Scandal and Social Media
Authors: Herkman Juha , Matikainen Janne
Published: August 2019

The article analyses a political scandal that occurred in Finland in 2015, when an MP of the populist right-wing Finns Party, Olli Immonen, published a Facebook update in which he used the same kind of militant–nationalist rhetoric against multiculturalism that Norwegian mass-murderer Anders Behring Breivik had used a couple of years earlier. By analyzing the content published in both social and news media, the role of social media and the relationship between news reporting and social media are explored by analyzing the progress of the scandal. The analysis indicates the prominent role of social media as being a starting point for scandal and for keeping scandal in the public eye, serving as forums for supporters and opponents of the scandalized politician. The relationship between social and news media seems symbiotic in this case because both of them fed and inspired each other during the scandal. However, further research is needed to fully understand the role of social media in scandals linked to north and west European populist right-wing parties, as well as political scandals occurring in different political contexts and media environments.
Media Mediate Sentiments
Authors: Matsumura Naohiro , Miura Asako , Komori Masashi , Hiraishi Kai
Published: August 2019

When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, Twitter was used as an infrastructure for sharing information carried by other media. In other words, Twitter is considered as a “meta medium.” Earthquake-related tweets included information that was of questionable veracity, contained vicious rumors, and propagated matters of controversy that often gave rise to various discussions and arguments. In this research, the authors analyzed 89,351,242 tweets posted from December 11, 2010 to April 16, 2012. They then extracted 9,816,625 URLs and classified the top 100 domains of these URLs into 19 media categories. The emotional reactions of Twitter users were investigated by counting the terms conveying positive and negative emotions included in the body of tweets along with the media URLs. The authors' findings revealed differences in terms of the frequency with which terms expressing emotions were evoked and differences in the patterns of their surges, across the various media. The authors also considered the usage of various terms appearing in tweets concurrently with the terms expressing emotion.
ISIS Discourse in Radical Islamic Online News Media in Indonesia
Authors: Erikha Fajar , Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Sarwono Sarlito Wirawan
Published: August 2019

This article aims to understand how discourses about Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) are supported and/or rejected by radical Islamic groups. Data were collected from two Islamic news website: Voa-Islam and Arrahmah. Both websites are categorised as radical Islamic sites. By using the discursive psychology approach, it was found that when ISIS is viewed as a group that actualised the establishment of an Islamic State, it is praised and supported. However, when ISIS is deemed to have killed other fellow Muslims, it is opposed and its movement is considered to be ‘out of Islamic corridors'. Practical implications of these findings are identified and discussed.
The Press and the Emergent Political Class in Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Ibitayo Samuel
Published: August 2019

This probing thesis in this study is on how the political class in colonial and post-colonial Nigeria established, maintained, improved and controls the machinery of the state through the press. While establishing media ownership and unequal media access as key factors responsible for the emergence of the political class, the study similarly discovered that the political class emerged because they were read, advertised or packaged by the press. Robert C. North (1967:301) says “politics could not exist without communication, nor could wars be fought.” The media are also the playing field on which politics occurs” (Perloff 2014:37). They are also the strategic routes through which aspiring politicians must travel during elections. Through a case study method of analysis, this study discovered that the political class emerged because they were read, advertised, and publicized by the press. For this reason, the political class regarded the press as partners in progress.
Ethical and Legal Challenges of Election Reporting in Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Tayo
Published: August 2019

The probing thesis in this study is premised on investigating why the mass media which are globally regarded as the playing field of politics as well as the road upon which presidential campaign travels every four years could suddenly develop contours, leading to the game of politics being devoid of convivial and smooth playing in Nigeria, especially between 1999 and 2011. The study observes that hardly was there any election in the post-independent era in Nigeria that did not end in serious disputations, crisis, violence and bloodletting such that academics across disciplines declared that since independence on October 1, 1960, the electioneering process in Nigeria has been an experience of tears, blood and sorrow. The study evaluates media compliance to reportorial code which demands factual, accurate, balanced and fair reportage of electioneering stories. Using historical research method which relies on primary and secondary data collected from 150 media professionals consisting of 44 political editors, 10 line editors and 96 political reporters, the study, using power and conflict theories found out that non-compliance to ethical code of conduct for media professionals as well as legal rules governing the practice of journalism as one of the major factors responsible for publication or airing of provocative stories capable of engendering violence during elections. The study therefore suggested how the existing plural media system could be exploited to grow democracy, engender peace and promote national development as it's done in South Africa and other countries of the world.
Social Media and Infectious Disease Perceptions in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Villar Maria Elena , Marsh Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Mass media is recognized in health communication as a gatekeeper, alerting the public to what is important with a focus on accuracy and relevancy. This is done through media framing, by which mass media sets the tone through which the public will view the message. Social media has emerged as a force in health communication with the same potential for media framing as mass media; however, with social media there is no formal gatekeeper. Looking at two major disease outbreaks, Ebola and Zika, this chapter examines the influence and effect of social media on health communication. The Zika outbreak in Miami was examined with social listening methods to determine both the effect of mass media on social media and of social media on the effectiveness of traditional health communication outlets to spread their message. The authors conclude that social media is both an asset and a liability during disease outbreaks, and its effect depends on audiences' cultural attitudes and trust toward authorities and the media.
Media Campaign on Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Ezeh Nkiru Comfort
Published: August 2019

Research has proved that Exclusive Breastfeeding is vital in achieving optimal infant and child health, growth and development; and so there have been media campaigns in support of the initiative. This chapter explored the relationship between the media campaign for exclusive breastfeeding and mothers' decision to comply based on Symbolic Interactionism, Diffusion of Innovation, Social Responsibility, and Gate-keeping Theories. The questionnaire survey, conducted among 400 mothers in Anambra state, Nigeria, revealed that despite the enormous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding that have been well established and enormous campaign which has created tremendous awareness on the need to exclusively breastfeed babies, social structure of communities and social interaction within the community influence mother's perception and acceptability of the message. The study, therefore recommends that view of the opinion leaders and people with decision-making power should be sought after to know their stand on the issue of exclusive breastfeeding. Appropriate communication strategies should be developed to get their support for the idea since they are the custodians of the culture and have great influence on the people.
CLARC
Authors: Naranjo-Saucedo Ana Belén , Dueñas-Ruiz Alvaro , Suarez-Mejias Cristina , Iglesias Ana , Marfil Rebeca , Bandera Antonio
Published: August 2019

The increasing ageing of the European population is an unstoppable process causing more and more demand for health and social assistance resources. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an indispensable tool to identify the psychosocial and functional limitations of geriatric patients. The problem is that the CGA process is very long and demands a lot of time from health professionals. It is necessary to develop a robotic platform that helps in CGA. In this sense, Clarc is a mobile robot developed to help the physician to capture and manage their data during CGA procedures. The robotic platform was tested in some healthcare centers and results show elderly participants accepted the technology. Clarc is a tool that facilitates the work of health professionals given the ease of access to patient data and their evaluations, freeing these professionals to focus their activity on purely clinical tasks that require their knowledge.
Mechatronic Design of Low-Cost Control Systems for Rehabilitation and Assisting Devices
Authors: Rea Pierluigi , Ottaviano Erika
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, authors focus on mechatronic solutions for low-cost control devices for the homecare of elderly and people with reduced mobility, having the goal of assisting people in daily-life activities. The development of such systems can be exploited in the form of a toolkit to be flexible and applied either to rehabilitation or assistive systems, in order to aid movements with controlled position, force/torque, and acceleration, possibly introducing reliability, repetitiveness, and low cost in the related sector. In particular, the development of a low-cost control system design allows the applicability of the solution to a broad range of devices for the home-care. The authors aim to develop low-cost technologies for the homecare of elderly and people with motor impairments trying to reduce significantly the overall costs to facilitate wider use of assisting and rehabilitation systems. In particular, a Sit-To-Stand (STS) assisting device is considered as a paradigmatic example to illustrate design considerations.
Design and Implementation of a Wireless Robot for Image Processing
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Md. , Haque Rafiqul
Published: August 2019

Robotics has developed into a solid discipline of study that incorporates the background, knowledge, and creativity of mechanical, electronics, electrical, computer, industrial, and manufacturing engineering. The versatility of a robot can be translated into increased productivity, improved product quality, and decreased production costs in numerous ways. The robot can be wired or wireless, and can have a controller device. Radio frequency control system is one of the most efficient controls for a robot. Other than control, image processing is one of the important parts of robotics. Moreover, it also requires hardware for interfacing with the system for radio frequency control. It is one of the key technologies which can be used in defense, safety, intelligent transport system, and efficient management traffic. In recent years, there has been an increased scope for image processing in robotics. The main goal of this work is to show a system that solves the practical problem of identification of real scenes. All the simulations have used MAT LAB software.
Organisation Culture From Systems Theory of Organisation Perspective in the Era of Copernican Revolution
Authors: Piekarczyk Anna
Published: August 2019

The chapter deals with organizational culture from the viewpoint of systems theory of organizations. Organizations are presented as autopoietic systems; relations between organization and individual are discussed as well. The author attempts to define to what extent values and rules characteristic for a given culture can and should be changed. The aim of this chapter is to present the essence of organisation culture from systems theory of organization viewpoint. Steady grounds (core) are an important condition that has to be fulfilled to allow organization to develop and succeed, as this core would help it in keeping balance under difficult circumstances. Hence, the chapter attempts to answer the question of the role played by culture-related factors in organizations and to what extent values and rules, accepted in a given culture, can and should be changed.
New Strategies for Evolution of Business Ecosystems
Authors: Zehir Cemal , Zehir Melike , Zehir Songül
Published: August 2019

Several industries are formed by platform business models. To achieve success and have sustainability, the platforms should follow various strategies, paying attention on several factors. In this chapter, initially, how the platforms as a business model have emerged, in which ways they are used, and their working ways have been explained, and “platforms as a new business model” has been extensively examined. Types of platform business models, general features of platforms, ways to generate income from platforms are explained in detail. How platforms could succeed and what could lead them into failure have been told. Platform leadership, prominent platform strategies, governance of platform strategies have been extensively examined. Emerging trends and future research directions have been mentioned. For this study, a detailed literature scanning has been performed, research fields have been shared in order to fill the gaps. In the final section, the prominent parts of the study to be focused have been expressed.
Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Trad Antoine , Kalpić Damir
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents the holistic project asset management concept (HPAMC)-based transformation projects to optimize asset/wealth creation/management in transformed enterprise system that is the result of research and development on 1) business case studies, 2) asset/wealth management, 3) business transformations, 4) applied mathematics/models, 5) software modelling, 6) business engineering, 7) financial analysis, 8) decision making systems, 9) artificial intelligence (AI), and 10) enterprise architecture.
Fintech Ecosystem and Banking
Authors: Söylemez Yakup
Published: August 2019

In this study, Fintech platforms are compared to the traditional banking system. This comparison is based on the banking activities offered by Fintech platforms and the results of these activities. In the study, firstly, a general evaluation is made in the comparison of the Fintech platforms to the banking system and then the situation in Turkey is analyzed. It is clear that Fintech platforms have developed financial markets. Moreover, banks have the potential to adapt to the digital innovation advantage of Fintech platforms. In this study, the banking system and Fintech platforms are considered as competing institutions as well as supporting and transforming each other. Services within the scope of banking activities change as a result of digital innovations. As a result, it is clear that the financing system enters into a revolutionary process. This study contributes to the literature in terms of the analysis of the relationship between banking and Fintech, which is based on Turkish Fintech Ecosystem.
Examining the role of public administration in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria 1999–2018
Authors: Igbokwe-Ibeto Chinyeaka J.
Published: August 2019

Background: Nigeria has been described as among the leading economies in Africa, yet it has experienced cycles of economic boom and recession. Commercial capitalism has left the industrial sectors relatively underdeveloped. As is the practice elsewhere, sustainable entrepreneurship development is the foundation of industrial development. However, in Nigeria, this imperative need is faced with numerous challenges.Aim: Within the framework of development theory, this article examines the role of public administration in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, as well as challenges confronting public administrator’s role in this regard.Setting: This study was carried out using the qualitative desktop method in deriving data for answering the question. About 45 literature sources were consulted and analysed in order to explore the interface between public administration and sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria.Methods: This article adopts a qualitative approach and is descriptive in nature, with the researcher setting out to illustrate the association that exists between the dependent and independent variables.Results: This article argues that the undeveloped state of the industrial sectors in Nigeria can be attributed to poor entrepreneurship development that could have served as the basis for rapid industrialisation in the country and the attendant effect of making the country one of the developed countries of the world. The poor state of entrepreneurship development in the country is traceable to factors such as irrelevant policy options and directions, poor funding of entrepreneurship development programmes, an ineffective education system, lack of reliable power supply, and the rentier nature of the economy.Conclusion: It concludes that public administration in Nigeria should ensure policy consistency in terms of continuity and stability, the development of an indigenous sustainable development paradigm, the prevention and punishment of corruption, improved funding of entrepreneurship development programmes and the provision of reliable electricity.
The use of clickers to evaluate radiographer’s knowledge of shoulder images
Authors: Sebelego Ida-Keshia
Published: August 2019

Background: Conducting research can be daunting, although applicable methods can facilitate the process. A study was performed at an imaging department pertaining to the routine shoulder projections, namely the anteroposterior (AP) external rotation and lateral-Y (LAT-Y) projections.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine if radiographers (qualified, supplementary, community service) and student radiographers (second-year diploma, third-year diploma, second-year bachelor) use the radiographic evaluation criteria to evaluate the routine shoulder projections.Setting: The study was conducted at an imaging department in the Free State province, South Africa.Methods: Participants had to complete a survey by means of a questionnaire that was compiled in Microsoft Excel and converted to an audience response system known as clickers. The questions addressed aspects of shoulder imaging with regard to positioning, exposure factors and the evaluation of routine shoulder projections. The data were analysed separately using statistics software SAS Version 9.2. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine statistically significant differences between students and radiographers.Results: More than 80% of students selected the AP (external rotation) X-ray image demonstrating optimal milliamperage per second whereas 43% of radiographers selected the correct image. More than 50% of radiographers and students indicated that a breathing technique and a short exposure time reduce motion during shoulder imaging.Conclusion: Using clickers eased the process of testing the participants’ knowledge, and the results were available immediately after completion of the test. Clickers can contribute to and expedite the process of data analysis.
Editorial
Authors: Beenhakker J. C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Views of obstetricians and hysiotherapists on ante-natal preparation for childbirth
Authors: Fish B. , Chalmers B. , Meyer D.
Published: August 2019

Obstetricians’ and physiotherapists' views of ante-natal childbirth preparation classes were examined by means of a postal questionnaire. Responses of 108 obstetricians and 57 physiotherapists revealed some marked differences in perceptions of childbirth classes offered by physiotherapists. In general physiotherapists' views were most favourable while obstetricians views were less so. Differences between physiotherapists’ and obstetricians’ views regarding the relevance of, and emphasis placed on, topics in childbirth preparation courses were also revealed. Data must, however, be viewed with caution due to the low response rate obtained.
Rehabilitation: Restore to effectiveness or normal life by training
Authors: Davids L. M.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.