bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exceptional response to brigatinib following alectinib failure in a patient with ALK fusion-positive duodenal carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Akinori , Chihara Sayaka , Okamoto Risa , Yoshino Takayuki , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: February 2025

Patients with advanced duodenal carcinoma typically have a poor prognosis due to limited practical chemotherapy options. While studies on genotype-directed therapy in patients with duodenal carcinoma is progressing, clinical data assessing the efficacy of molecularly targeted therapy remains scarce. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with anaplastic lymphocyte kinase (ALK) fusion-positive advanced duodenal carcinoma. The patient had been treated with alectinib for approximately 2 years for ALK-positive duodenal carcinoma but developed progressive liver metastases, indicating alectinib failure. During the disease progression, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing revealed the emergence of ALK L1196M mutation, which demonstrated sensitivity to brigatinib. After switching to brigatinib, marked shrinkage of liver metastases was observed. The patient maintained brigatinib treatment for 7 months until tumor progression. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of brigatinib after alectinib failure in a patient with duodenal carcinoma harboring ALK fusion. Furthermore, this case suggests that ctDNA sequencing can detect specific acquired mutations and help expand optimal treatment options for patients.
Budget-Constrained Runtime Allocation of Linked Data Services in Stream Processing
Authors: Han Jungkyu , Chun Sejin
Published: February 2025

Stream processing requires integrating with background knowledge in order to become rich knowledge. As a promising approach, it is getting important to combine streaming data with linked open data. However, since linked data change dynamically, it is impossible to synchronize their distributed data sources perfectly and seamlessly. To reduce the high cost of the synchronization, the materialized views (or views) that store local copies of remote sources are used but may degrade the accuracy of stream processing. To balance response time against accuracy, recent works manage a refresh budget—that is, the limited cost allocated for updating views over remote sources. However, they fail to allocate a refresh budget and produce a low accuracy when a tight deadline is given. To solve the problem, we propose an efficient method of allocating a refresh budget to view updates. The proposed method updates views both in the background and on demand. Experimental results with real and synthetic data sets show that the proposed method achieves superiority in terms of answer staleness, resource utilization, and refresh budget usage.
Taste Augmentation of Wine by Artificial Climate Room: Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Taste Evaluation
Authors: Igarashi Toshiharu , Ochiai Yoichi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of temperature and humidity on the subjective characteristics of wine through evaluations in two distinct environments: an artificial climate chamber and a conference room. Two wines, wine 1(CROIX DE BEAUCAILLOU 2011) and wine 2(BLAGNY 1ER CRU LA PIECE SOUS LE BOIS 2014), were analyzed. Significant differences in color intensity, aging degree, and body were observed for wine 1 in the artificial climate room, and in flavor intensity in the conference room. For wine 2, significant differences were detected in flavor intensity and aging degree in the artificial climate room. Additionally, the composition changes of the wines concerning temperature were examined, revealing correlations between specific acids and temperature changes. These findings indicate that wine taste can be optimized by adjusting environmental conditions based on wine type and personal preferences, suggesting the potential for climate-controlled environments in enhancing wine and food experiences in restaurants.
Petrogenesis of the alkaline lamprophyre cluster between Molí d’en Ponç and Collet de la Cidereda (eastern Catalonian Coastal Ranges, NE Iberia)
Authors: Culí Laura , Campeny Marc , Solé Jesús
Published: February 2025

This work focuses on the cretaceous camptonite cluster between Molí d’en Ponç and Collet de la Cidereda, eastern Montseny massif from the Catalan Coastal Ranges (NE Iberian Peninsula). These post-orogenic lamprophyres (~ 79 Ma) crosscut Palaeozoic and late Variscan granitoids. Their intrusion is related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay. Thus, they belong to the Late Cretaceous Iberian Alkaline Igneous Province. The studied cluster comprises two sills displaying a N110-N140-trending direction and subvertical dikes that intrude the camptonite sills or the granodioritic host rock. DyN/YbN ratios ≥ 2.4 show that the primary melts of the studied camptonites were generated at pressures higher than ~ 2.5 GPa (~ 80 km) on the garnet stability field close to the transition to the spinel stability field. The more evolved melts, corresponding to sodic alkaline basalts, were subjected to within-plate enrichment and fractional crystallization processes. The olivine antecrysts and microlites correspond to forsterite (Fo74 to Fo88). They do not show peridotitic mantle source composition and some are in equilibrium with sulfides. The clinopyroxene antecrysts correspond to diopside (Mg# 75–80) and do not show peridotitic mantle source composition. The forsterite, diopside, and kaersutite antecrysts display compositional oscillatory variations related to mixing processes associated with ascending successive magma pulses. The higher concentrations of Mn in forsterite and diopside microlites from the groundmass, compared to the antecrysts, are consistent with a more evolved composition of the ascending magma. The pressure estimation obtained from diopside antecryst cores (~ 1 GPa) supports the stagnation of ascending magma in the lower crust or the transitional boundary between the lower crust and upper mantle. The pressure obtained from clinopyroxene antecryst rims is ~ 0.28 GPa.
On hybrid quanvolutional neural networks optimization
Authors: Ceschini Andrea , Carbone Andrea , Sebastianelli Alessandro , Panella Massimo , Le Saux Bertrand
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the optimization properties of hybrid quantum-classical quanvolutional neural networks (QuanvNNs), i.e., hybrid architectures merging quanvolutional layers with classical dense layers. We explore several optimization strategies by assessing 9 optimizers across various configurations of layers and kernel size. Through rigorous experimentation, it was found that optimizers such as Adabelief, RMSProp, and Adam outperform others, showcasing high accuracy scores. Conversely, Fromage, SM3, and Adagrad exhibit notably lower performance, highlighting the difficulty of effectively navigating the loss landscape. These findings emphasize the critical role of optimizer selection in a gradient-based variational optimization strategy. Additionally, quanvolutional layer parameters exhibit minimal fluctuations during the training phase, while classical parameters undergo variations on an order of magnitude higher. This disparity suggests a distinct behavior in the optimization dynamics between quantum and classical components, potentially influencing the efficacy of each layer type and offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing quanvolutional filters. We also evaluate QuanvNN robustness through comparisons against classical CNNs in scenarios involving few-shot learning and input perturbations. Our experimental findings underscore not only enhanced convergence capabilities of QuanvNNs, but also emphasize their superior efficacy in handling severely perturbed inputs. Finally, a randomized QuanvNN variant is tested, yielding comparable performance to optimized models as suggested by previous experiments on parameters variation. All these findings underscore the potential of QuanvNNs in offering robustness and optimization potential compared to their classical counterparts, with implications for quantum-enhanced machine learning.
The International Law Commission's Seventy-Fifth (2024) Session: Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction and Other Topics
Authors: Jalloh Charles Chernor
Published: February 2025

The International Law Commission (Commission or ILC) held its seventy-fifth session at its seat in Geneva from April 15 to May 31 and from July 1 to August 2, 2024. The Commission was chaired by Mr. Marcelo Vázquez-Bermúdez (Ecuador), and for the first time since its establishment in 1945, elected a majority of three females out of the five officers elected to its bureau annually. The Commission celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary and progressed its work on the topics in the program of work despite the shortening of the twelve-week General Assembly approved session to ten weeks due to the liquidity crisis facing the United Nations. Following the resignation of two of its members, one upon his election to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the other for personal reasons, the Commission elected two new members from Romania and China to fill the casual vacancies that arose as a result.
An ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light device is effective for low-level disinfection of surgical site marking pens with UV-C transmissible caps
Authors: Milner Amelia L. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Hailes Jennifer M. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: February 2025

Single-use plastic pens are commonly used to mark surgical sites on the skin of patients. In laboratory testing, an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light device was effective for decontamination of marking pens with plastic caps designed to allow transmission of UV-C. Decontamination of marking pens could reduce plastic and carbon footprints.
A mechanism that could stop the acceleration process within a collisionless shock
Authors: Bret Antoine , Pe’er Asaf
Published: February 2025

Collisionless shocks are complex non-linear structures that are not yet fully understood. In particular, the interaction between these shocks and the particles they accelerate remains elusive. Based on an instability analysis that relates the shock width to the spectrum of the accelerated particle and the shock density ratio, we find that the acceleration process could come to an end when the fraction of accelerated upstream particles reaches about 30%. Only unmagnetized shocks are considered.
Transcriptome-wide alternative splicing and transcript-level differential expression analysis of post-mortem Lewy body dementia brains
Authors: Goddard Thomas R. , Brookes Keeley J , Morgan Kevin , Aarsland Dag , Francis Paul , Rajkumar Anto P.
Published: February 2025

Lewy body dementias (LBD) are the second most common dementia. Several genes have been associated with LBD, but little is known about their contributions to LBD pathophysiology. Each gene may transcribe multiple RNA, and LBD brains have extensive RNA splicing dysregulation. Hence, we completed the first transcriptome-wide transcript-level differential expression analysis of post-mortem LBD brains for gaining more insights into LBD molecular pathology that are essential for facilitating discovery of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for LBD. We completed transcript-level quantification of next-generation RNA-sequencing data from post-mortem anterior cingulate (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) of people with pathology-verified LBD (LBD = 14; Controls = 7) using Salmon. We identified differentially expressed transcripts (DET) using edgeR and investigated their functional implications using DAVID. We performed transcriptome-wide alternative splicing analysis using DRIMseq. We identified 74 DET in ACC and 96 DET in DLPFC after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction (5%). There were 135 and 98 FDR-corrected alternatively spliced genes in ACC and DLPFC of LBD brains, respectively. Identified DET may contribute to LBD pathology by altering DNA repair, apoptosis, neuroplasticity, protein phosphorylation, and regulation of RNA transcription. We confirm widespread alternative splicing and absence of chronic neuroinflammation in LBD brains. Transcript-level differential expression analysis can reveal specific DET that cannot be detected by gene-level expression analyses. Therapeutic and diagnostic biomarker potential of identified DET, especially those from TMEM18, MICB, MPO, and GABRB3, warrant further investigation. Future LBD blood-based biomarker studies should prioritise measuring the identified DET in small extracellular vesicles.
Multiple Layers of Pan-Africanism and Pan-Ethiopianism in Current Debates on Nationalism and Ethnicity in Ethiopia
Authors: Záhořík Jan , Ylönen Aleksi , Lego Jonah
Published: February 2025

Since 2019, Ethiopia has embarked on a new “national project of peace and unity”. The government’s official discourse has been characterised by an uptake in the use of Pan-African and Pan-Ethiopian rhetoric. Strategically invoking visions of a united Africa and shared continental prosperity, the Abiy administration seeks to enhance its international reputation and rally African support for its domestic agenda. To overcome the pervasive ethnofractionalist tendencies in Ethiopia’s political landscape and consolidate the Ethiopian state within its present boundaries, the current government is selectively borrowing political strategies from previous administrations. This has produced a unique, new form of Pan-Ethiopian governance ideals. So far, the repercussions of this government discourse on political tensions in Ethiopia and the Ethiopian diaspora has received no scholarly attention. This academic article analyses the implications of the current Ethiopian government’s deployment of Pan-Africanist and Pan-Ethiopianist rhetoric on Ethiopia’s current political crises. This article argues that these Pan-Africanist and Pan-Ethiopianist rhetoric and ideals are paradoxically perpetuating divisive identity politics in Ethiopia’s domestic and diasporic political realm. This, in turn, exacerbates the most serious threat to Ethiopia’s national unity.
Anisotropic weighted isoperimetric inequalities for star-shaped and F-mean convex hypersurface
Authors: Zhou Rong , Zhou Tailong
Published: February 2025

We prove two sharp anisotropic weighted geometric inequalities that hold for star-shaped and F-mean convex hypersurfaces in

$\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$

, which involve the anisotropic p-momentum, the anisotropic perimeter, and the volume of the region enclosed by the hypersurface. We also consider their quantitative versions characterized by asymmetry index and the Hausdorff distance between the hypersurface and a rescaled Wulff shape. As a corollary, we obtain the stability of the Weinstock inequality for the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue for star-shaped and strictly mean convex domains.
Menarche and pubertal progression: a cross-sectional analysis of timing and influencing factors in North-Eastern Ghana
Authors: Alatiah Gabriel Ajediwe , Azupogo Fusta , Atosona Ambrose , Vuvor Frederick , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Brouwer Inge D.
Published: February 2025

Menarche and pubertal onset vary across populations but understanding age-at-menarche (AAM) and pubertal growth tempo is limited in low-income settings. Identifying factors influencing pubertal development is vital for creating targeted health and education programmes supporting adolescent girls’ well-being. Baseline data (n = 1045) from the Ten2Twenty-Ghana study were analysed to examine menarche attainment, pubertal development, AAM, and the associated factors among girls aged 10-17 years in the Mion district, Ghana. The data collection methods included anthropometry, body composition, haemoglobin status, a qualitative 24-hour dietary recall, a food frequency questionnaire, and a pubertal development score (PDS). Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model odds ratios for menarche attainment and regression coefficients for AAM and PDS. About 19.9% of the girls had experienced menarche, with a mean AAM of 13.4 ± 1.5 years. Among post-menarche girls (n = 205/1045), 12.2% and 15.1% experienced early (AAM < 12 years) and late menarche (AAM < 15 years), respectively. The mean PDS was 1.8 ± 0.7 out of 4. Among the adolescent girls, 36.2% were prepubertal, 17.0% early –pubertal, 18.6% mid-pubertal, 27.9% late pubertal, and less than 1% were in the post-pubertal stage. An increase in fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), height-for-age-z-score (HAZ), and body mass index-for-age-z-score (BAZ) was observed with puberty progression, but a steep decline in HAZ was noticed for girls in late puberty, increasing again post-puberty. Being older (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.06, 95% C.I.: 1.83, 2.31), stunted (AOR= 0.20, 95% C.I.: 0.10, 0.40), thin (AOR = 0.30, 95% C.I.: 0.11, 0.80), and overweight/obese (AOR = 7.29, 95% C.I.: 2.60, 20.43) were the significant predictors of menarche attainment. Being older (β = 0.39, P < 0.0001), stunted (β= -0.92, P = 0.01), thin (β = 1.25, P = 0.01), and having a literate mother (β = -0.72, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with AMM. A higher HAZ, FM, FFM, age, and Konkomba ethnicity were positively associated with higher PDS. This study highlights the complexity of factors influencing menarche and pubertal development. These insights are essential for developing targeted health and educational programmes that address nutritional and socio-demographic disparities to promote adolescent girls’ well-being and healthy pubertal development.
Previous hookworm infection attenuates the immune response to a subsequent Schistosoma mansoni infection in an experimental model
Authors: Furtado L.F.V. , Serafim L.R. , da Silva V.J. , Dias S.R.C. , de Paiva N.C.N. , Carneiro C.M. , Rabelo É.M.L.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the co-infection dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni and Ancylostoma ceylanicum in an experimental model. Two experiments were conducted to investigate varying infection orders. In experimental group 1, subjects were initially infected with A. ceylanicum, followed by S. mansoni infection. In group 2, subjects were first infected with S. mansoni, followed by A. ceylanicum infection. The co-infected groups were compared to mono-infected groups for further analysis. Parameters assessed included weight, fecal egg elimination, blood cell counts, IgG response, histopathological analysis, and granuloma morphometry. Results indicated that the timing of infections influenced weight loss. Co-infected animals lost weight similarly to A. ceylanicum-infected animals when A. ceylanicum preceded S. mansoni. The co-infected groups did not experience worsened anemia, despite both parasites being hematophagous. No linear correlation was found between S. mansoni egg counts and anti-SEA IgG production. The response to the S. mansoni adult worm antigen was significantly higher in the S. mansoni mono-infected group compared to the group previously infected with hookworm. Co-infection with A. ceylanicum after S. mansoni infection also interfered with the host response. It caused a delay in the peak of S. mansoni egg elimination compared to the S. mansoni monoinfected group. Additionally, fewer eggs were retained in the liver compared to single infections. These findings help elucidate the interactions between different parasites and their hosts in the same endemic area, providing valuable information to enhance strategies for disease control and management.
Post-larval development and growth intraspecific variations in Ophiocoma echinata and Ophiocoma trindadensis from Brazil (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Damiano Cecília J. S. , Serrano Helena , Alitto Renata A. S. , Mendonça Joel B. , Tavares Marcos , Borges Michela
Published: February 2025

Identifying cryptic species and juveniles in the Ophiuroidea has always been a challenge. However, post-larval developmental studies have the potential to uncover the identity of these cryptic species and juveniles, as they offer valuable information that is not often found in adults. Although the importance of studying growth series is well-known in ophiuroids, it is difficult to obtain and identify the juvenile stages. For this reason, most studies are restricted to brooding species and information is lacking for many species, including those of the genus Ophiocoma. In this study, a growth series was developed to show the main differences during the development of two similar species of Ophiocoma: Ophiocoma echinata and Ophiocoma trindadensis. Using morphometry and scanning electron microscopy, we describe in detail the juveniles, intermediate stage, and adults of O. echinata and O. trindadensis. Differences in the shape of the ventral arm plate and dorsalmost arm spines, the number of tentacle scales, and the presence of granules ventrally were highlighted in the separation and identification of juveniles of both species.
Quantitative relationship of Sr:Ca of statoliths of the Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) with empirical water temperatures
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadanori , Matsui Hajime , Miyahara Hisae , Kubota Hiroshi , Hirose Naoki
Published: February 2025

The Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus, is distributed mainly in the northwest Pacific and the Japan Sea. The present study was conducted for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its migration routes. The ratios of strontium to calcium (Sr:Ca) in the statoliths can be associated with the water temperatures the squid experienced in the sea. Using specimens collected in the northern Japan Sea in summer and Lagrangian backward tracer experiments, a strong negative correlation was obtained between the Sr:Ca in the statoliths and the empirical water temperatures estimated through a regional ocean model. These backward tracer experiments were continuously conducted at depths of 6, 15, and 30 m. The greatest determination coefficient of the regression expression appeared for a nearshore tracer group of the experiment at a depth of 15 m. In addition, the regression expression provided reasonable lifetime empirical water temperature variations of the squids collected in the sea areas east of Tsushima Island and west of the Goto Islands in winter. The combination of Ca:Sr analytical chemistry and tracer experiments with the ocean dynamic model used in this study improved our understanding of the migration path of T. pacificus.
Adult psychiatric outcomes of young people who attended child and adolescent mental health services: a longitudinal total population study
Authors: Healy Colm , Lång Ulla , O’Hare Kirstie , Metsälä Johanna , O’Connor Karen , Lockhart Elaine , Byrne Nicola , Veijola Juha , Kajantie Eero , Ramsay Hugh , Kelleher Ian
Published: February 2025

Background

There is an unprecedented societal focus on young people’s mental health, including efforts to expand access to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). There has, however, been a lack of research to date to investigate adult mental health outcomes of young people who attend CAMHS.

Methods

We linked Finland’s healthcare registries for all individuals born between 1987 and 1992. We investigated mental disorder diagnoses recorded in specialist adult mental health services (AMHS) and both inpatient and outpatient service use by age 29 (December 31, 2016) for former CAMHS patients.

Results

Before the end of their 20s, more than half (52.4%, n = 21,183) of all CAMHS patients had gone on to attend AMHS. The most prevalent recorded adult psychiatric diagnoses received by former CAMHS patients were depressive disorders (30%, n = 11,768), non-phobic anxiety disorders (21%, n = 7,910), alcohol use disorders (9.5%, n = 3,427), personality disorders (9.3%, n = 3,366), and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (7.6%, n = 2,945). In the total population, more than half of all AMHS appointments (53.1%, k = 714,239/1,345,060) were for former CAMHS patients. More than half of all inpatient psychiatry bed days were for former CAMHS patients (53.1%, k = 1,192,991/2,245,247).

Conclusion

While there is a strong focus on intervening in childhood and adolescence to reduce the burden of mental illness, these findings suggest that young people who receive childhood intervention very frequently continue to require specialist psychiatric interventions in adulthood, including taking up a majority of both outpatient and inpatient service use. These findings highlight the need for a greater focus on research to alter the long-term trajectories of CAMHS patients.
Trial-based economic evaluation of the BrainACT study: acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and/or depressive symptoms after acquired brain injury
Authors: Osstyn Sander , Rauwenhoff Johanne , Handels Ron , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Evers Silvia , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A. P. G. , van Heugten Caroline M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Following acquired brain injury (ABI), individuals often experience anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. BrainACT is an adapted form of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) tailored to this target group. The current study is a trial-based health-economic evaluation comparing BrainACT to a psychoeducation and relaxation control treatment.

Methods

An economic evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted in the Netherlands alongside a multicenter randomized controlled two-armed parallel trial including 72 participants. A cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted where incremental costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score) were collected and presented over a 1-year follow-up period. Bootstrapping, scenario, and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results

The BrainACT arm reported non-significant lower total costs (incremental difference of €−4,881; bootstrap interval €−12,139 to €2,330) combined with significantly decreased anxiety/depression (HADS) (3.2; bootstrap intervals 0.7–5.7). However, the total QALYs were non-significantly lower (−0.008; bootstrap interval −0.060 to 0.042) for BrainACT. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 86 percent at a willingness-to-accept threshold of €50,000/QALY. The scenario and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

Conclusion

BrainACT may be a more cost-effective alternative to a psychoeducation and relaxation intervention for anxiety and/or depressive symptoms following ABI. Despite limitations, BrainACT appears to be a promising addition to treatment options in the Netherlands. Further research is needed to validate these findings, and consideration should be given to implementing BrainACT in Dutch clinical settings with ongoing monitoring.
A study on the effects of rapid training method related to ship handling in decision-making skills under stressful situations
Authors: Xue Hui , Røds Johan-Fredrik , Haugseggen Øyvind , Christensen Anders Johan , Batalden Bjørn-Morten , Gudmestad Ove Tobias
Published: February 2025

Navigational safety is one of the important focuses of Maritime Education and Training (MET), and the quality of MET is the key to cultivating competent officers at sea. This study aims to understand better the effects of a rapid training method on ship handling and navigation in restricted waters, as well as decision-making skills under stressful situations. Tests were carried out in a simulator-based maritime training environment to explore the decision-making skills of maritime students in stressful situations under different training levels and methods. This study compares routine maritime training and task-aimed rapid training in improving manoeuvring and navigational and decision-making skills, and examines the training outcomes. The data used in this study is based on comparing the task performance and stress levels of the two groups of students using simulator-based training results from a designed scenario. The results analyse the training outcomes of decision-making skills and maritime operation performance by applying a specific decision-making model. In addition, the impact of students' stress levels was examined, both subjectively and objectively. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for the design of future MET. The research helps enhance decision-making skills in maritime training programmes and understanding how learning in simulator-based maritime training environments can be improved.
Inventing Birthright: The Nineteenth-Century Fabrication of jus soli and jus sanguinis
Authors: Perl-Rosenthal Nathan , Erman Sam
Published: February 2025

Formal membership in a state has been an essential political status for well over a century. It is typically gained at birth, either jus soli or jus sanguinis. Jus soli assigns nationality by birth in a nation's territory; jus sanguinis assigns children their parents’ nationality. This article provides an alternative intellectual history of the modern dominance of these principles for attributing nationality. Contrary to prior scholarship, soli and sanguinis were not restatements of existing principles. The soli/sanguinis binary was a nineteenth-century invention. Old-regime European empires attributed membership in the community under one or another single natural law principle. Parentage and birthplace were mostly evidence of conformity. In the early nineteenth century, officials in multiple jurisdictions began prioritizing positive law above natural law and transformed parentage and birthplace into competing principles for assigning nationality. This movement crystallized in 1860 when Charles Demolombe introduced jus soli and jus sanguinis to nationality law as competing, ostensibly ancient legal traditions. The framework spread quickly because it was a useful way to assign nationality despite states’ conflicting approaches to political membership. Yet, as its role in United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) helps illustrate, the invented tradition has also obscured our understanding of more complex historical dynamics.
Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass): A review of the invasion, management, and spread in the changing climate of the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Schantz Merilynn C.
Published: February 2025

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass), an invasive tallgrass, actively inhabits grassland ecosystems of North America. The grasslands ecoregions of the southern Great Plains are particularly susceptible to S. halepense invasion and dominance because of its preferential growth in continental climate zones coupled with its ability to readily colonize recent disturbances associated with declining livestock grazing and anthropogenic energy and housing development. Controlling S. halepense via chemical or mechanical inputs can reduce plant species’ abundance temporarily, but are typically followed by S. halepense re-establishment. S. halepense does, however, provide high quality forage and appears to withstand the frequent drought and flooding events associated with climate change in southern Great Plains ecosystems. In this review, the benefits and drawbacks of S. halepense in southern Great Plains grassland ecosystems are discussed and areas where research on this species could be expanded are identified.
Channelized Thermal Emission, Promethean‐Type Jets and Surface Changes on Io From Juno Stellar Reference Unit Imagery
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Schenk Paul M. , Lopes Rosaly M. C. , Brennan Martin J. , Florence Meghan M. , Mura Alessandro , Tosi Federico , Lunine Jonathan I. , Alexander James W. , Ravine Michael A. , Hansen Candice J. , Bolton Scott J.
Published: February 2025

During Juno's close flybys of Io in 2023 and 2024, its low‐light sensitive Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) was used to conduct a high‐resolution visible wavelength (450–1,100 nm) imaging campaign under Jupiter‐shine illumination. The SRU acquired Juno's highest resolution image of Io's surface (895–1,230 m/pixel) in December 2023 at a high Jupiter‐shine phase angle of ∼110°. The image reveals structural changes in Zal Patera since Galileo (1999–2000) and multiple forms of active volcanism within the Zal Montes‐Patera complex, including Promethean‐type jets at the flow fronts of a new Zal Patera flow branch. The SRU's sensitivity at redder wavelengths enabled the detection of thermal emission from an active lava channel to the west of South Zal Mons. An additional emission signature is seen at the base of a vertical mountain fracture on the western flank of South Zal Mons, suggestive of a tectonically influenced source vent. Indeed, the SRU's observations in this region suggest a close relationship between mountains and volcanism on Io. The SRU data also provide the first high‐resolution view of the geomorphology of the eruptive center Tonatiuh, revealing it to be a compound Promethean‐style flow field. SRU imagery from subsequent flybys in February and April 2024 suggest high volcanic activity in the Lei‐zi Fluctus region and show increased expansion of the large Masubi flow field in Io's southern hemisphere. Now containing ∼1,600 km of lava flows, Masubi is the longest currently active flow field in the solar system.
A tumor-secreted protein utilizes glucagon release to cause host wasting
Authors: Ding Guangming , Li Yingge , Cheng Chen , Tan Kai , Deng Yifei , Pang Huiwen , Wang Zhongyuan , Dang Peixuan , Wu Xing , Rushworth Elisabeth , Yuan Yufeng , Yang Zhiyong , Song Wei
Published: February 2025

Tumor‒host interaction plays a critical role in malignant tumor-induced organ wasting across multiple species. Despite known regulation of regional wasting of individual peripheral organs by tumors, whether and how tumors utilize critical host catabolic hormone(s) to simultaneously induce systemic host wasting, is largely unknown. Using the conserved yki3SA-tumor model in Drosophila, we discovered that tumors increase the production of adipokinetic hormone (Akh), a glucagon-like catabolic hormone, to cause systemic host wasting, including muscle dysfunction, lipid loss, hyperglycemia, and ovary atrophy. We next integrated RNAi screening and Gal4-LexA dual expression system to show that yki3SA-gut tumors secrete Pvf1 to remotely activate its receptor Pvr in Akh-producing cells (APCs), ultimately promoting Akh production. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved the Pvf1-Pvr axis that triggers Mmp2-dependent ECM remodeling of APCs and enhances innervation from the excitatory cholinergic neurons. Interestingly, we also confirmed the similar mechanisms governing tumor-induced glucagon release and organ wasting in mammals. Blockade of either glucagon or PDGFR (homolog of Pvr) action efficiently ameliorated organ wasting in the presence of malignant tumors. Therefore, our results demonstrate that tumors remotely promote neural-associated Akh/glucagon production via Pvf1-Pvr axis to cause systemic host wasting.
Loss-of-function mutations in the dystonia gene THAP1 impair proteasome function by inhibiting PSMB5 expression
Authors: Ramage Dylan E. , Grant Drew W. , Timms Richard T.
Published: February 2025

The 26S proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease that serves as the endpoint for protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proteasome function requires the concerted activity of 33 distinct gene products, but how the expression of proteasome subunits is regulated in mammalian cells remains poorly understood. Leveraging coessentiality data from the DepMap project, here we characterize an essential role for the dystonia gene THAP1 in maintaining the basal expression of PSMB5. PSMB5 insufficiency resulting from loss of THAP1 leads to defects in proteasome assembly, impaired proteostasis and cell death. Exploiting the fact that the toxicity associated with loss of THAP1 can be rescued upon exogenous expression of PSMB5, we define the transcriptional targets of THAP1 through RNA-seq analysis and perform a deep mutational scan to systematically assess the function of thousands of single amino acid THAP1 variants. Altogether, these data identify THAP1 as a critical regulator of proteasome function and suggest that aberrant proteostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of THAP1 dystonia.
Adult ADHD predicts intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization irrespective of gender and age
Authors: Merscher Johannes , Barra Steffen , Xander Anika May , Patrasc Paula Gratiela , Retz-Junginger Petra , Retz Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Understanding the determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) from perpetrator and victim perspectives has become a major objective of behavioral science. Empirical evidence suggests that adults at risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), compared to the general population, tend to have more conflictual partnerships, and the presence of ADHD increases the risk of aggressive behavior. Possible influences of gender have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Using data from an anonymous online survey, this study examined the relationship between ADHD and IPV in 316 male and female individuals with (n = 131) and without (n = 185) ADHD. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that adults at risk for ADHD had more frequently become both victims and perpetrators of IPV compared to the healthy control group. ADHD achieved significant incremental variance over gender and age. Thus, the presence of ADHD seems to be an important risk factor for IPV irrespective of gender and age. Accordingly, research and treatment approaches focusing on ADHD must not neglect the risk of IPV among patients but should offer specific psychological support.
Molecular characterization of some multidrug resistant Candida Auris in egypt
Authors: Ahmed Sara H. , El-Kholy Iman M. A. , El-Mehalawy Adel A. , Mahmoud Eman M. , Elkady Nadia A.
Published: February 2025

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that causes healthcare-associated and deep-seated infections. Notably, the emergence of this yeast is alarming as it exhibits resistance to azoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B, which may lead to clinical treatment failure in patients. This study aims to identify and characterize the genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in C. auris among some local clinical isolates to contribute for understanding the molecular epidemiology of C. auris in Egypt. Four test strains were identified based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the VITEK 2 system. Molecular analysis of ERG11, ERG3, FKS1, and FKS2 was used to identify mutations associated with antifungal resistance. The four test strains were identified as C. auris. Evolutionary analysis was conducted, and sequences of ITS regions were submitted to GenBank. The mutations Y132F in ERG11 and F635Y in FKS2 were identified, which are known to confer resistance to azoles and echinocandins, respectively. The emergence of C. auris in Egypt represents a public health concern. Hospitals should implement strict infection control measures to prevent its spread. Effective treatment guidelines and ongoing monitoring of antifungal resistance are essential to combat this emerging pathogen.
Facile synthesis of Si/C composites for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Chen Jiasheng , Wang Xuanliang , Deng Zhaoping , Kim Eun Mi , Jeong Sang Mun
Published: February 2025

Nanotization and surface coating of silicon (Si) particles are effective methods to mitigate volume expansion and protect the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film during charge and discharge cycles.
Dendritic fibrous nanosilica activated bovine excrement fiber to enhance the initial characteristics and durability of concrete
Authors: Karimi Mohsen , Movahedifar Seyed Mojtaba , Honarbakhsh Amin , Nobahari Mahdi , Zhiani Rahele
Published: February 2025

This research repurposes bovine waste into a cost-effective and sustainable fiber, which is subsequently treated with dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) to produce CDF/DFNS. This is then integrated into cement-based composites.
Synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles in binary surfactant mixtures: a review on mechanisms of particle formation
Authors: Zürbes Katharina Ruth , Mani Ethayaraja , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit
Published: February 2025

Overview of gold nanoparticle synthesis using binary surfactants: key mechanisms and future directions.
Comparative analysis of bio-based plasticizers: biocompatibility, plasticizing mechanisms, and molecular dynamics insights
Authors: Gao Li , Yuan Rui , Qiao Lijuan , Tu Chang , Tan Rui , Xu Shiai
Published: February 2025

Advantages of bio-based plasticizers and plasticizer mechanics compared to phthalate plasticizers.
Characterizing effects of hydrogen ingress in Ti–Mg based hybrid implant materials
Authors: Kumar Richi , Solís Cecilia , Trtik Pavel , Kriele Armin , Limberg Wolfgang , Wieland D. C. Florian , Moosmann Julian , Serdechnova Maria , Blawert Carsten , Ebel Thomas , Willumeit-Römer Regine , Garamus Vasil M.
Published: February 2025

Hybrid implants consisting of a permanent Ti-based part combined with a degradable Mg part, are promising solutions to design superior implants by combining the advantages of both materials.
Synergistic activation of peroxymonosulfate by highly dispersed iron-based sulfur–nitrogen co-doped porous carbon for bisphenol a removal: mechanistic insights and selective oxidation
Authors: Sun Yu , Zhang Chuning , Jia Yan , Zhang Yalei , Fan Jianwei
Published: February 2025

Possible catalytic mechanism of BPA degradation in the FeSNC/PMS system.
Fluorescent calix[4]triazole for selective fluoride anion sensing
Authors: Cho Jihee , Kim Sanghee
Published: February 2025

The selective recognition ability of pyrene-calix[4]triazole conjugate for F− was demonstrated through fluorescence quenching based on the PET mechanism.
Nonlinear domain engineering for quantum technologies
Authors: Weiss Tim F. , Peruzzo Alberto
Published: February 2025

The continuously growing effort toward developing real-world quantum technological applications has come to demand an increasing amount of flexibility from its respective platforms. This review presents a highly adaptable engineering technique for photonic quantum technologies based on the artificial structuring of the material nonlinearity. This technique, while, in a simple form, already featured across the full breadth of photonic quantum technologies, has undergone significant development over the last decade, now featuring advanced, aperiodic designs. This review gives an introduction to the three-wave-mixing processes lying at the core of this approach and illustrates, on basis of the underlying quantum-mechanical description, how they can artificially be manipulated to engineer the corresponding photon characteristics. It then describes how this technique can be employed to realize a number of very different objectives, which are expected to find application across the full range of photonic quantum technologies, and presents a summary of the research done toward these ends to date.
Constraining the 3He +3He Gamow energy probed in high energy density plasmas at the
National Ignition Facility
Authors: Adrian P. J. , Bachmann B. , Casey D. T. , Craxton R. S. , Garbett W. , Johnson M. Gatu , Hartouni E. , Hohenberger M. , Holunga D. , Kabadi N. V. , Khan S. , Kunimune J. , Lahmann B. , Sutcliffe G. D. , Whitley H. D. , Zylstra A. , Frenje J. A.
Published: February 2025

Polar-direct-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility generated large plasma volumes to study the 3He + 3He fusion reaction. The ion temperature, which determines the Gamow peak energy, was constrained by isolating the thermal contribution to the D3He-proton spectral width in a 3He plasma doped with deuterium. X-ray penumbral imaging was used to measure electron temperature, density, and hotspot volume, which was subsequently used to model the spectral broadening from plasma stopping power. Results showed 30% of the D3He-proton spectral width was due to stopping power, with residual flows contributing ≈10%. The 3He temperature was determined as T3He = 12.4 ± 3.2 keV, corresponding to a Gamow energy of 95 ± 14 keV. These experiments achieved the lowest Gamow energy to date for studying 3He + 3He fusion in high energy density plasma, approaching conditions in the Sun.
Local dynamics drive the C–CX3 (X = H and F) bond photodissociation in acetylacetones
Authors: Chowdhury Prahlad Roy , Deb Basudha , Kawade Monali , Paul Amit Kumar , Patwari G. Naresh
Published: February 2025

The primary photodissociation events of acetylacetone and its fluorinated analogs reveal that the translational energy distribution profiles of the CH3 and CF3 radicals follow a barrier-impulsive model for the C–C bond cleavage. Analysis based on the one-dimensional potential energy surfaces in the T1 state, as well as dynamics simulations using on-the-fly semi-empirical potentials, suggest that the C–C bond cleavage proximal to the OH group, in general, is accompanied by proton migration. Interestingly, the near identical fragment translational energy distribution profiles of CH3 radical release from acetylacetone and trifluoroacetylacetone, as well as CF3 radical release from trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone, suggest that the dynamics of formation of CH3/CF3 radicals in acetylacetones appears to be independent of the nature of the substituent on the other end of the molecule. In the case of acetylacetones, the C–C bond cleavage is governed by the local intramolecular vibrational redistribution along the complex reaction coordinate, which appears to be statistical for CF3 release and non-statistical for CH3 release; however, it remains non-statistical over the entire molecular framework.
Bond dipole-based geometric theory of band alignment
Authors: Jiang Zeyu , West Damien , Zhang Shengbai
Published: February 2025

The band alignment (BA) between two materials is a fundamental property that governs the functionality and performance of electronic and electrochemical devices. However, despite decades of study, the inability to separate surface properties from those of the bulk has made a deep understanding of the physics of BAs elusive. Building on the theory of the ideal vacuum level to separate surface from bulk [Choe et al., Phys. Rev. B 103, 235202 (2021)], here we present a geometric theory for the band alignment, specifically explaining the insensitivity of the alignment to interfacial orientation between isotropic materials. First, we adopt a neutral polyhedron, termed Wigner-Seitz atoms (WSA), to partition the charge of atoms in a way that maintains crystal symmetry and tessellates the space. In contrast to the CWZ theory, the band alignment of two materials constructed from such WSAs is independent of interface orientation. Upon electron relaxation at the interface, we show that the interfacial charge transfer dipole can be accurately described by the sum of localized point dipoles that exist between atoms at the interface (bond dipoles). For interfaces between isotropic materials, the magnitude of the bond dipole can be factored out as a multiplier, leaving only geometric factors, such as crystal symmetry and dimension of the material, to determine band alignment, regardless of the orientation of the interface. We considered 29 distinct interfaces and found that this bond dipole theory yields excellent agreement (RMS deviation < 30 meV) with first-principles results. Our theory can be easily applied to interface between alloys, as well as between anisotropic systems.