bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado funcional y nivel de calidad de vida en pacientes post COVID-19
Authors:   , Lucho Salvador Rosa Evelyn , Chuquillanqui Trujillo Elizabeth Eva
Published: October 2023

Objetivos: Evaluar si el estado funcional se encuentra asociado al nivel de calidad de vida en el paciente post COVID-19 de un hospital nacional de Lima. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo transversal analítico. La población fueron pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19, que fueron atendidos por el área COVID-19 en un Hospital Nacional de Lima. Se incluyeron 175 pacientes, en los que evaluaron mediante un cuestionario las características sociodemográficas y de salud, para la variable estado funcional se usó la Escala Funcional Post COVID-19 (PCFS) y para la variable calidad de vida se utilizó el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida SF-36. Resultados: Al realizar una regresión múltiple de las dimensiones de la calidad de vida: Función física, salud general, rol emocional y salud mental se encontraron asociadas estadísticamente al con el estado funcional post COVID-19; a mayor grado de limitación del estado funcional hay una menor media en las dimensiones de la calidad de vida en los pacientes en comparación a los pacientes sin limitaciones funcionales (p<0.05). Discusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio podrían ser de gran interés para la atención sanitaria ya que aporta datos relevantes para poder realizar un seguimiento después del alta hospitalaria ya que es necesario para determinar las consecuencias post-COVID-19 y tener un mejor manejo en el paciente. Conclusiones: Encontramos que el estado funcional se encuentra asociado a cinco de los componentes de la calidad de vida (Función física, salud general, rol emocional y salud mental) en el paciente post COVID-19. Se verifica que los pacientes con un mayor grado de limitación funcional tienen menor calidad de vida en todas sus dimensiones (Función física, salud general, rol emocional y salud mental).
The role of soil fauna in soil health and delivery of ecosystem services
Authors:   Embrapa Forestry, Brazil, Brown George G. , da Silva Elodie ,   Embrapa Forestry, Brazil, Thomazini Marcílio J. ,   Embrapa Forestry, Brazil, Niva Cíntia C. ,   Embrapa Cerrados, Brazil, Decaëns Thibaud ,   Université de Montpellier, France, Cunha Luís F. N. ,   Cardiff University, UK, Nadolny Herlon S. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Demetrio Wilian C. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Santos Alessandra ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Ferreira Talita ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Maia Lilianne S. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Conrado Ana Caroline ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Segalla Rodrigo F. ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Casadei Ferreira Alexandre ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Pasini Amarildo ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil, Bartz Marie L. C. ,   Universidade Positivo, Brazil, Sautter Klaus D. ,   Universidade Positivo, Brazil, James Samuel W. ,   Maharishi University of Management, USA, Baretta Dilmar ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil, Antoniolli Zaida Inês ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, Jesus Iglesias Briones Maria ,   Universidad de Vigo, Spain, Sousa José Paulo ,   University of Coimbra, Portugal, Römbke Jörg ,   ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Germany, Lavelle Patrick ,   nstitut de Recherche pour le Développement, France
Published: October 2023

Soil fauna includes microscopic organisms such as nematodes (microfauna), mites and springtails (mesofauna), up to larger invertebrates such as worms, spiders, ants, termites and beetles (macrofauna) and vertebrates (megafauna) such as amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This chapter explains how their activity is important for soil health and can result in various ecosystem services, including provision of food and primary production, nutrient cycling and organic matter dynamics, water availability in soil, gas exchanges, soil formation, pollination and seed dispersal. The chapter classifies soil fauna and reviews currently available information on soil fauna biodiversity and functional roles worldwide, their role in soil health and the importance of management in determining soil fauna communities.
Kutanöz Leishmaniasis Şüpheli Olgulardan Leishmania Parazitinin Araştırılması
Authors: İSAOĞLU Aya , KAYA Hamide , ERSOY Leyla , TEZCAN ÜLGER Seda , ASLAN Gönül
Published: October 2023

Çalışmada Mersin Üniversitesi Hastanesi Dermatoloji Polikliniği’ne başvuran kutanöz leishmaniasis (KL) şüpheli olgularda üç farklı yöntem kullanılarak Leishmania paraziti araştırılması ve vakaların epidemiyolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. KL şüpheli 16 hastanın, mikroskobik inceleme yapılmak üzere cilt lezyonlarından kazıntı alındı. Giemsa boyama yöntemi ile hazırlanan preparatlar ışık mikroskobunda incelenerek parazitin amastigot formları araştırıldı. Yara bölgesinden aspirat alınarak polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) yöntemi ile parazitin DNA’sı araştırıldı. Beş hastadan alınan örneğin Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (N.N.N) besiyerine ekimi yapıldı. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların %50 (n=8)’si erkek, %50 (n=8)’si kadındır. Türk kökenli hastaların oranı %37,5 (n=6), Suriye kökenli hastaların oranı %62,5 (n=10) olarak bulundu. Çalışmaya katılan KL şüpheli hastaların yaş ortalaması 28,31±24,73’tür. Mikroskobik incelemede pozitif vakalarının oranı %25 (n=4), PZR yöntemi ile tanı alan vakaların oranı ise %37,5 (n=6) olarak tespit edildi. Kültürü yapılan hiçbir örnekte üreme olmadı. PZR sonucuna göre pozitif olan 6 hastanın %83,3’ü (n=5) Suriye göçmeni iken %16,7 (n=1)’si Türk’tür. Türkiye’nin bazı bölgelerinde KL halen bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. KL’nin doğru tanısı için klinik bulgular laboratuvar tanısı ile desteklenmelidir. Kullanılan yöntemler arasında en duyarlı yöntem PZR’dir. Mikroskobik inceleme daha az duyarlılık göstermektedir. Ayrıca Suriye’de yaşanan savaştan dolayı KL vaka sayısı artışı Türkiye’ye yansımıştır. Mersin’de yapılan bu çalışmada KL tanısı alan vakaların çoğunun Suriye kökenli bulunması hastalığın göçe bağlı artış gösterebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Estratégias competitivas e efeitos no perfil ocupacional de empresas do setor sucroenergético
Authors: Baccarin José Giacomo
Published: October 2023

Objetiva-se apontar razões da aceleração de mudanças tecnológicas na lavoura canavieira por empresas sucroenergéticas em São Paulo, após 2007, em especial, a substituição do corte manual pelo mecânico com eliminação da queimada, e analisar seus efeitos na ocupação setorial. São delimitadas estratégias competitivas e de controle dos trabalhadores. São usados dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego para medir a evolução do emprego formal no setor sucroenergético por família ocupacional, até 2019. Frente à situação favorável e boas perspectivas no mercado de etanol, em 2007, empresas do setor aumentaram gastos na mecanização canavieira, fato menos intenso entre agricultores fornecedores de cana. Ao piorar a conjuntura, em 2010, várias empresas fecharam e aumentou a concentração no setor. Mudou a composição da ocupação, com redução de trabalhadores agrícolas não qualificados e elevação de administrativos, de transporte e de apoio. O controle do trabalho agrícola se alterou, sendo substituído o pagamento por produção pelo uso de georreferenciamento, informática e comunicação.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) on Improving Kidney Function in STZ- NA-Induced Nephropathy Rats
Authors: Khairani Ayudia Cipta , Tri Wijayanti  , Gunawan Pamudji Widodo
Published: October 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause complications, one of which is diabetic nephropathy. Parameters that indicate damage to the kidneys are the increase in creatinine and albumin levels. One of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of DM is  red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity and the effect of red fruit oil administration on creatinine levels, microalbumin, and renal histopathology in STZ-NA-induced rats. Methods: This study used 30 male Wistar rats conditioned with type 2 DM with STZ-NA induction. The rats have grouped into 6 groups: group I, the normal control, group II, the negative control, group III, the positive control (pioglitazone 15 mg/kg BW), and groups IV, V, and VI, the red fruit oil respectively 1.35 mL/kg BW,2.7 mL/kg BW, and 5.4 mL/kg BW. Red fruit oil is made in traditional way and prepared for 2 days. Parameters tested in the study include blood glucose levels, creatinine, microalbumin, and kidney histopathology. Data analysis used the ANOVA method followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The results showed that a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kg BW was an effective dose in reducing blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria, and serum creatinine, and repairing damage to the kidneys of rats. The percent activity of a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kgBW for blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria and serum creatinine were 84.69%, 76.30%, and 92.20% respectively. Conclusion: Red fruit oil can reduce blood glucose levels, creatinine levels, microalbumin and can repair kidney damage.
Using Simulated Patients to Understand Non-Prescription Antibiotic Dispensing in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Muin Fathul , Widayanti Anna Wahyuni
Published: October 2023

Background: Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription at community pharmacies is a significant contributor to the ongoing global public health issue of antibiotic resistance. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of antibiotics that are dispensed without a prescription in community pharmacies in various Indonesian cities. Methods: A literature review was conducted via PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Garuda, and Neliti for articles published between January 2007 and December 2022 combined with Boolean operators. The literature search keywords were (simulated patientsOR mystery shopper OR sample patients OR dummy patients) AND ("antibiotics without prescription OR non-prescription antibiotics OR self-medication of antibiotics). The keywords are also used in Indonesian language (Bahasa), including “simulasi pasien” OR “sampel pasien” AND “antibiotik tanpa resep” OR “swamedikasi antibiotik”. Results: Seven studies from various cities have complied with the inclusion criteria and were considered when reviewing 199 articles. The findings of our studies were consistent with the extensive use of non-prescription antibiotics throughout the review. A simulation patient study design was used in all seven studies in this review. Amoxicillin recorded the highest percentage of dispensing without a prescription, while other drugs often purchased include chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefadroxil. Among the studies reviewed, one study utilized the pre-test and post-test methods, while the others did not. Conclusion: The lack of prescriptions for antibiotics dispensing has often occurred in community pharmacies throughout Indonesia. The community pharmacist's role is needed as the final gate of pharmaceutical services in providing rational treatment and controlling the dispense of antibiotics without a prescription.
Optimization and Prevalidation of TLC-Densitometry Method for Fucoidan Analysis in Sargassum sp. Aqueous Extract
Authors: Irfanah Laili , Mochammad Yuwono  , Riesta Primaharinastiti
Published: October 2023

Background: Fucoidan is sulfated polysaccharide that has gastroprotector activity, and it is distributed in brown algae cell walls. Currently, there is no method for fucoidan analysis in compendia. Furthermore, analysis of Fucoidan is proven to be challenging due to the lack of chromophores and its high polarity. Objective: To develop the optimal condition of TLC-Densitometry method for fucoidan analysis in Sargassum sp. aqueous extract and to evaluate the stability of Fucoidan as a preliminary study. Methods: Chromatography was performed on Silica gel 60F254 TLC-plate as a stationary phase. The developed plate was stained with H2SO4 10% in absolute ethanol and heated in oven at 105°C for 15 minutes. Optimization is carried out by determining composition of the mobile phase, analytical wavelength, and spotting volume. Stability test of Fucoidan in standard and extract solution at 0, 4, 8, and 24 hours also 0 and 60 minutes after derivatization. Results: The optimal condition which produces a good separation of Fucoidan was achieved by using n-butanol:methanol: water (10:6:10 v/v/v) as a mobile phase, 400 nm as an analytical wavelength, and 1 µl as a spotting volume. Fucoidan was stable after storage until 24 hours. The stained spots were stable until 60 minutes after derivatization. Conclusion: Optimal condition of the TLC-Densitometry method for Fucoidan analysis was selective and can be applied to stability tests in preliminary study. Fucoidan was stable in standard solution and extracted solution until 24 hours after storage at 4°C, and the stained spots were stable until 60 minutes after derivatization.
Comparative Analysis of Real Costs and INA CBG's Rates in BPJS Kesehatan Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Mahanggi Oktarina , Rahem Abdul , Nita Yunita
Published: October 2023

Background: Schizophrenia is the most severe mental disorder because its risk of death is to 2-3 times higher. Objective: To determine the average real costs, the difference between real costs and INA-CBG rates of inpatients with schizophrenia, and the factors that affect real costs. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively from the hospital perspective using the total sampling method from January 2020-December to 2021. The study sample included inpatients patients and the real costs of the hospital. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple linear regression tests. Results: About 112 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average real cost of inpatients with schizophrenia at Tombulilato General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 is Rp. 9,895,102 and the average INA-CBG rate of inpatients with schizophrenia was Rp. 14,820,778. There was a difference between the real costs and INA-CBG rates (p = 0.002), with the highest average hospital real cost component in the inpatient room (Rp. 3,397,723 (34.34%). The factor that affected the real costs of inpatients with schizophrenia patients is the length of stay (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The real costs of the hospital were lower (p = 0.002) than those of the INA-CBG. The highest real cost of the hospital was the inpatient room (34.34%), and the factor that affected the real costs was the length of stay (p = 0.000).
Perspectives of Pharmacists, Doctors, and Nurses on Collaborative Management of Hypertension in Primary Health Centers
Authors: Siregar Nia Mariana , Puspitasari Hanni Prihhastuti , Utami Wahyu
Published: October 2023

Background: Puskesmas is a primary healthcare facility that conducts chronic disease management, such as hypertension. The role of pharmacists in team collaboration includes that of managerial and clinical pharmacies. However, doctors and nurses still need to be fully aware of the role of pharmacists, particularly in clinical pharmacies. Objective: This study aimed to determine the perspectives of pharmacists, doctors, and nurses on the collaborative management of hypertension in health centres across the Central Lombok Regency. Methods:  observational qualitative method with a maximum variation sampling technique was used. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 27 participants between April and June 2023. Participants were pharmacists, doctors, and nurses responsible for managing hypertension in the selected primary healthcare centers. Results: Five main themes were identified. The first was a perspective on pharmacists’ managerial and clinical pharmacy roles. Almost all participants agreed that pharmacists played more roles in ensuring the availability of hypertension drugs than clinical pharmacies. Four themes were derived from a conceptual framework related to team readiness to  collaborate: cognitive, affective/relational, behavioral, and leadership aspects. In general, doctors and nurses need to be made aware of pharmacists' role in the area of clinical pharmacy; meanwhile, pharmacists need to improve their clinical pharmacy knowledge. Meanwhile, team collaboration has not run optimally because each team member works individually rather than as a team member. Conclusion: Pharmacists need to improve their clinical pharmacy role, be more involved in team collaborations, and be more engaged in team collaborations; efforts are required to prepare for team collaboration.
Effect of Fenofibrate as PPARα Agonist in Suppressing the Development of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy via TRPA1 Modulation
Authors: Aliyah Alma Nuril , Aprilia Pingkan , Pramesti Anak Agung Sagung Dyah , Saraya Tarisya Dinda , Pide Galuh Laksatrisna , Sumartha I Nengah Budi , Wongso Luke , Samirah  , Rahmadi Mahardian , Muhammad Zaki Bin Ramli  , Ardianto Chrismawan
Published: October 2023

Background: CIPN (Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy) primarily affects the sensory system and is accompanied by pain, autonomic dysfunction, and motor impairments. Alterations of intracellular second messengers at the supraspinal level in CIPN needed to be explored more. In addition, there is a lack of evidence regarding implications for the supraspinal area through the propagation of pain via the ascending pathway. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of fenofibrate as a PPARα agonist in suppressing the development of CIPN. Methods: Twenty-four mice were distributed to the normal control group, neuropathy group, and neuropathy with the treatment of fenofibrate 75 and 150 mg/kg groups, resulting in 6 animals per group. Oxaliplatin was injected on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. The hot plate test was performed before the oxaliplatin administration and then continued on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Thalamus tissues were collected to measure the TRPA1 mRNA expression using qPCR. Results: Fenofibrate 75 mg/kg co-treatment with oxaliplatin tended to prevent the enhancement of oxaliplatin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in hind-paw withdrawal and rubbing responses. Furthermore, fenofibrate 75 and 150 mg/kg co-treatment with oxaliplatin significantly reduced the relative TRPA1 mRNA expression but did not modulate the relative BDNF mRNA expression in the thalamus. Conclusion: PPARα agonist has a potential effect in suppressing the development of CIPN. However, given the various perspectives on the role of neurotrophins in CIPN, additional non-clinical investigations, are needed to provide more insight into other mechanisms of CIPN and the role of PPAR agonists.
Validity of Interactive Learning Media Integrated Critical and Creative Thinking Skills Aided by the Lectora Inspire Application
Authors: Sari Silvi Yulia , Hirahmah Atifah , Hidayati Hidayati , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina
Published: October 2023

The importance of the ability to think critically and creatively in the learning process, especially in physics, is a challenge for educators to continue to improve the quality of learning, both in implementing the learning process and developing appropriate learning resources. This study aims to develop valid interactive learning media with the help of the Lectora Inspire application to improve the critical and creative thinking skills of high school students, especially in straight and parabolic motion material. The research design used the ADDIE model, including the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research is being developed through validation activities from three validators from the Padang State University physics department. The instrument for collecting data was an interactive learning media assessment sheet validated by experts. The subjects of this study were experts from the physics department lecturer Padang State University. The data analysis technique used Aiken's validity index. The validation results of learning media product development are in a very valid category, with an average value of 0.816. This indicates that interactive learning media that integrates critical and creative thinking skills with the help of the Lectora Inspire application have a very valid category. This validity component shows the feasibility of the product in material substance, audio-visual communication display, learning design, software utilization, assessment of critical thinking skills, and assessment of creative thinking skills.
Needs Analysis for Practical Guide Based Augmented Reality (AR) in an Effort to Support Basic Physics Practicum Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johan Henny , Putri Desy Hanisa , Risdianto Eko , Purwanto Andik , Johan Septi , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi
Published: October 2023

This study aims to conduct a field study on the need to develop Augmented Reality (AR) assisted practicum guidelines. Data collection instruments were in the form of questionnaires and interview guidelines. The subjects in this field study were students who became practicum assistants, physics laboratory staff, and lecturers of basic physics courses. Questionnaire data and interview results were analyzed qualitatively to see the real conditions of the practicum. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that practicum manuals are still dominant in text, and practicum activities can be directed to practice problem-solving skills. The phenomenon of coastal areas can also be associated with physics practicum material. Based on the results of the practicum assistant's questionnaire, it is known that AR can facilitate physics practicum, so it is necessary to develop an AR-assisted practicum guide that presents audio-visual presentations. Based on the results of the interviews, it is also known that the constraints on practicum activities during this pandemic were that not all practicum courses were available at PheT to carry out virtual practicums, counter-dependence with assistant explanations in carrying out practicum procedures, so strict procedures could not be carried out, so it could be interpreted that a solution was needed an alternative practicum guide that is equipped with a video tutorial about practicum procedures. AR technology can be used to visualize tutorial videos that can be accessed offline.
The Analysis of Scientific Practices Skills of Students in Basic Physics Practicum: Authentic Assessment
Authors: Nurfadilah Nurfadilah , Riskawati Riskawati , Fani Fani , Ahmad Amalia , Nur Fadilah Nur Fadilah
Published: October 2023

Assessment of practicum activities must encompass all aspects of scientific practices. Observations in this research indicate that the assessment utilized by the Physics Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar for practicum activities is an Authentic Assessment consisting of three assessment components: response, practicum activities, and report. This assessment is the result of development by one of the lecturers who taught courses integrated with practicum activities in 2015, and its implementation began in 2016. Using authentic assessment instruments in the form of worksheet, this study aims to assess the scientific practice skills of students enrolled in Basic Physics practicum. This research employed quantitative descriptive research. Thirteen first-semester students in the academic year 2022/2023 participated as the research subject. The results demonstrate that the assessment conducted using authentic assessment in practicum activities did not encompass all indicators of scientific practice skills. The authentic assessment did not include three of the eight indicators of scientific practice skills, namely the ability to ask questions, develop and use a model, and discover, evaluate, and communicate data findings. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize specialized assessment to measure the effectiveness of scientific practices, such as scientific practices assessment instruments.
REACT Learning on the Topic of Elasticity to Enhance Students' Analytical Abilities
Authors: Safira Dea , Salam Abdul , Dewantara Dewi
Published: October 2023

Conventional learning in class so far has not been maximized to train students' analytical abilities. One of the lessons that can improve students' analytical skills is contextual learning, one of which is REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring) learning. Therefore, further research is needed on REACT learning to improve students' analytical abilities. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of REACT learning on elasticity to improve students' analytical abilities. This research is a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test. The subjects of the research trial were 29 students of class XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 10 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques in this study used student learning outcomes tests. Furthermore, research data analysis techniques are carried out by calculating N-gain based on student learning outcomes tests. The results showed that the effectiveness of REACT learning based on N-gain calculations was 0.74 in the high category. So, it can be concluded that REACT learning is effective and feasible for improving students' analytical abilities. This proves that the use of REACT learning plays an important role in improving students' analytical abilities and assisting the development of more effective and innovative learning methods.
Performance evaluation of the WRF model under different physical schemes for air quality purposes in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors:   Centro de Investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Luque Solange E. , Fita Lluís ,   Centro de Investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Pineda Rojas Andrea L. ,   Centro de Investigación del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA)
Published: October 2023

This work presents the performance evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to estimate surface wind speed and direction, air temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio considering 22 configurations at high spatial resolution (1 km) during one week in winter and one week in spring, in order to determine the best-performing schemes for air quality purposes in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results show that the use of urban schemes mostly affects wind speed and temperature. The single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) coupled with the Boulac planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme exhibits the best results for wind speed. Wind direction and water vapor mixing ratio are more sensitive to the land surface model scheme, with results slightly improving with the Noah-MP land surface model. Wind speed and direction errors are larger when the former is lower. When removing from the analysis wind speed values below 2.6 m s–1 for the winter week and 3.1 m s–1 for the spring week, the root mean square errors for wind direction decreased between 50 and 72% of the original value, depending on the configuration and week. Overall, under the studied conditions, configurations including Noah-Mp land surface model or the combination of a simple UCM with BouLac PBL are suitable for air quality applications, as they reproduce both temperature and water vapor mixing ratio relatively well, with errors below 10% and Correlation values above 0.7, and are the best performing configurations for wind direction and speed, respectively.
Reproducing Bioinformatics Experiments: A Case Study Using the Environment Code-First Framework
Authors: Gomes Daniel Adorno , Mestre Pedro , Serodio Carlos
Published: October 2023

Verifying published findings in bioinformatics through independent validation is challenging, mainly when accounting for differences in software and hardware to recreate computational environments. Reproducing a computational environment that closely mimics the original proves intricate and demands a significant investment of time. In this paper, we present a case study on how a recently proposed reproducibility framework named Environment Code-First (ECF) based on the Infrastructure-as-Code approach can improve the implementation and reproduction of computing environments by reducing complexity and manual intervention. We detail the steps needed to implement the computational environment of a bioinformatics pipeline named MetaWorks from the perspective of the scientist who owns the research work. Also, we present the steps taken to recreate the environment from the point of view of one who wants to reproduce the published results of a research work. This exercise compares the manual way of implementing the pipeline and the automated method proposed by the ECF framework, showing real metrics regarding time consumption, efforts, manual intervention, and platform agnosticism.
Deficiency of ChPks and ChThr1 Inhibited DHN-melanin Biosysthesis, Disrupted Cell Wall Integrity and Attenuated Pathogenicity in Colletotrichum higginsianum
Authors: Duan Lingtao , Wang Li , Chen Weilun , He Zhenrui , Yang Yingqing , Cheng Baoping , Zhou Erxun , Zhu Yiming
Published: October 2023

Colletotrichum higginsianum is a major pathogen causing anthracnose in Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica parachinensis), posing a significant threat to the Chinese flowering cabbage industry. The conidia of C. higginsianum germinate and form melanized infection structures called appressoria, which enable penetration of the host plant's epidermal cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying melanin biosynthesis in C. higginsianum remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified two enzymes related to DHN-melanin biosynthesis in C. higginsianum: ChPks and ChThr1. Our results demonstrate that the expression levels of genes ChPKS and ChTHR1 were significantly up-regulated during hyphal and appressorial melanization processes. Furthermore, knockout of the gene ChPKS resulted in a blocked DHN-melanin biosynthetic pathway in hyphae and appressoria, leading to increased sensitivity of the ChpksΔ mutant to cell wall interfering agents as well as decreased turgor pressure and pathogenicity. It should be noted that although the Chthr1Δ mutant still exhibited melanin accumulation in colonies and appressoria, its sensitivity to cell wall interfering agents and turgor pressure decreased compared to wild-type strains; however, complete loss of pathogenicity was not observed. In conclusion, our results indicate that DHN-melanin plays an essential role in both pathogenicity and cell wall integrity in C. higginsianum. Specifically, ChPks is crucial for DHN-melanin biosynthesis while deficiency of ChThr1 does not completely blocked melanin production.
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Biosynthesis by an Engineered Yarrowia Lipolytica Using Co-Substrate Strategy
Authors: Tourang Masoud , Sarkhosh Sara , Chen Shulin
Published: October 2023

High production cost is one of the major factors that limit the market growth of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a biopolymer. Improving PHA synthesis performance and utilizing low grade feedstock are two logical strategies for reducing the cost. As an oleaginous yeast, Y. lipolytica has a high carbon flux through acetyl-CoA (main PHB precursor) which makes it a desired cell factory for PHB biosynthesis. Two different metabolic pathways introduced into Y. lipolytica PO1f in this study for enhancing PHB biosynthesis, along with glucose and acetate as co-substrates. Results showed that NBC pathway led to more than 11% PHB accumulation, while there was non-detectable PHB accumulations using ABC pathway. Further modifications were done using peroxisomal compartmentalization and gene-dose overexpression. Final strain showed up to 41% PHB of CDW with a growth rate of 0.227 h-1. Low growth rate was observed using acetate or glucose as sole carbon and energy source. The co-substrate strategy showed compensatory effect on overcoming inhibitory and toxic effects of both substrates at high concentrations. Cultivating the engineered strain in optimal co-substrate condition predicted by RSM led to 83.4 g/L biomass concentration and 31.7 g/L PHB.
Recent Advances on Imaging for Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Cheng Anny M.S. , Chalam Kakarla V. , Brar Vikram S. , Yang David T.Y. , Bhatt Jineel , Banoub Raphael G. , Gupta Shailesh K.
Published: October 2023

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. In late-stage AMD, geographic atrophy (GA) of dry AMD or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of neovascular AMD results in macular atrophy (MA), leading to significant visual loss. Despite the development of innovative therapies, there are currently no established effective treatments for MA. As a result, early detection of MA is critical in identifying later central macular involvement throughout time. Accurate and early diagnosis is achieved through a combination of clinical examination and imaging techniques. Our review of the literature depicted advances in retinal imaging to identify biomarkers of progression and risk factors for late AMD. Imaging methods like fundus autofluorescence (FAF), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can be used to detect and monitor the progression of retinal atrophy. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) and microperimetry are methods for quantifying visual function to map disease progression. The evolving diverse imaging modalities optimize detection of pathology anatomy and measurement of visual function; they may also contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways, particularly the underlying MA changes in late AMD.
Self-calibration of UAV Thermal Imagery Using Gradient Descent Algorithm
Authors: Szostak Radosław , Zimnoch Miroslaw , Wachniew Przemyslaw
Published: October 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) thermal imagery offers several advantages in environmental monitoring, as it can provide a low-cost, high-resolution, and flexible solution to measure the temperature of the surface of the land. Limitations related to the maximum load of the drone lead to use of lightweight uncooled thermal cameras whose internal components are not stabilized to a constant temperature. Such cameras suffer from several unwanted effects that contribute to the increase in temperature measurement error from ±0.5 °C in laboratory conditions, to ±5 °C in unstable flight conditions. This article describes a post processing procedure, that reduces the above unwanted effects. It consists of following steps: i) devignetting using single image vignette correction algorithm, ii) georeferencing of images using EXIF data, scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) stitching, and gradient descent optimisation, and iii) temperature calibration by minimisation of bias between overlapping thermal images using gradient descent optimisation. The solution was tested in several case studies of river areas, where natural water bodies were used as a reference temperature benchmark. In all tests, the precision of the measurements was increased. The root of the mean of the Square of Errors RMSE on average was reduced by 39.0% and Mean of the absolute value of Errors MAE by 40.5%. The proposed algorithm can be called self-calibrating, as in contrast to other known solutions is fully automatic, uses only field data and does not require any calibration equipment or additional operator effort. A Python implementation of the solution is available on GitHub.
Method for theoretical Assessment of Safety against Wagon Derailment
Authors: Stoilov Valeri , Purgic Sanel , Slavchev Svetoslav , Maznichki Vladislav
Published: October 2023

The assessment of safety against freight wagons derailment is a mandatory element of the documents provided to the EU notifying authorities for the entry into service of new freight wagons. The assessment methodology is presented in EN 14363:2016. It is mainly aimed at experimental measurement of certain parameters and the data are used to calculate the safety criterion. The practical implementation of the tests is accompanied by many difficulties: finding a track with a proper radius, ensuring free access to the railway infrastructure for a long period of time, waiting for suitable metrological conditions, preparation of the curve and the test wagon etc. These difficulties are well known to the European legislators, and as a solution they propose a large set of reference wagons that have undergone real tests. It is sufficient to demonstrate that the parameters of the new wagon relate to some of reference wagon parameters to avoid such a requirement. Proving the "convergence" of the parameters of the new and the reference wagons is a lengthy, complex and, in many cases, subjective process. To introduce an objective assessment, the authors set themselves the task of developing a theoretical method for assessment of safety against derailment.
Psychometric Analysis of the WoEm-M Scale to Evaluate Women Empowerment in in the Ecuadorian University Environment
Authors: Sacoto Loor Jhesenia , Amor Almedina María Isabel , Osuna Rodríguez Mercedes
Published: October 2023

Women's empowerment represents a process in which they are recognized as subjects of rights. Despite advances in women's rights, inequalities persist in various areas. This study aims to validate a psychometric scale of 31 items in seven factors: Participatory Empowerment, Temerity, External Influences, Independence, Social Satisfaction and Equality. The objective is to measure the empowerment of women in the university context. The research was carried out in a transversal and non-experimental manner, with the participants' voluntary collaboration, including the participation of 1,478 university students from four Higher Education Institutions in Zone 4 of Ecuador. The data was analyzed through inferential statistics, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that the instrument for measuring empowerment can be made up of 24 items grouped into six factors, and this model showed a good fit.
LPS Framework to Assess Planning Reliability in Architectural Design
Authors: Shehab Lynn , Al Hattab Malak , Khalife Salam , El Samad Ghali , Abbas Yara , Hamzeh Farook
Published: October 2023

The Last Planner System (LPS) aims to enhance planning reliability by reducing variability in construction processes. While LPS applications have been explored in construction and detailed design, its application in architectural design remains underrepresented due to its abstract nature. This study addresses this gap by proposing an LPS framework tailored for architectural design, utilizing LPS metrics to assess planning reliability. Key issues hindering formal planning methods' implementation are identified, and relevant LPS principles are aligned with these challenges, culminating in a conceptual LPS model designed for architectural projects. Building upon the conceptual model, an implementation model is then developed and put into practice within an architectural design company in the United States, resulting in measured improvements in planning reliability and responsiveness. Additionally, it unveils hidden challenges associated with emerging tasks, guiding future design process enhancements. This study demonstrates how tracking design planning performance with LPS metrics can promote LPS adoption in architectural design, offering a benchmark for necessary interventions to achieve desired performance in architectural design.
Modeling a Fluid Coupled Single PMUT Using the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Goepfert Valentin , Boulmé Audren , Levassort Franck , Merrien Tony , Rouffaud Remi , Certon Dominique
Published: October 2023

A complete model was developed to simulate the behavior of a circular clamped axisymmetric fluid-coupled Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (PMUT). Combining Finite Difference and Boundary Element Matrix (FD-BEM), this model is based on the discretization of the partial differential equation used to translate the mechanical behavior of a PMUT. In the model, both the axial and the transverse displacements are preserved in the equation of motion and used to properly define the neutral line position. To introduce fluid coupling, a Green’s function dedicated to axisymmetric circular radiating sources is employed. The resolution of the behavioral equations is used to establish the equivalent electroacoustic circuit of a PMUT that preserves the average particular velocity, the mechanical power, and the acoustic power. Particular consideration is given to verifying the validity of certain assumptions that are usually made across various steps of previously reported analytical models. In this framework, the advantages of the membrane discretization performed in the FD-BEM model are highlighted through accurate simulations of the first vibration mode and especially the cutoff frequency that many other models do not predict. This high cutoff frequency corresponds to cases where the spatial average velocity of the plate is null and is of great importance for PMUT design because it defines the upper limit above which the device is considered to be mechanically blocked. These modeling results are compared with electrical and dynamic membrane displacement measurements of AlN-based PMUTs in air and fluid. This complete PMUT model using the FD-BEM approach is shown to be very efficient in terms of computation time and accuracy.
Comparative Analysis of Immune-response in Humans Infected by Alpha, Delta and Omicron Strains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bose Mihieka , Munshi Chayan
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 pandemic outbreak challenged the global public health in last couple of years. Throughout the pandemic period, numbers of mutant strains of SARS- CoV-2 created challenges for the infected patients with diverse pathophysiology and immune response. Variant of Concern (VOC) alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529) grew most notable for causing the epidemiological manifestations, which eventually caused elevated infectivity resulting in significant mortality. This review indicates the comparative analysis of the immune-pathophysiological mechanisms in respect to the aforementioned strains of SARS-CoV-2.
The Airbnb Phenomenon: A Qualitative Analysis of Its Consequences on Urban Housing Markets
Authors: Ekeroma Julius E.
Published: October 2023

The phenomenon of Airbnb has significantly permeated the urban housing markets of major U.S. cities. This qualitative analysis meticulously examines its wide-ranging impacts, exploring Airbnb’s operational model, regulatory challenges, and its influence on housing availability, prices, and neighborhood dynamics. The research aggregates insights from various sources, including academic articles, web-based resources, and case studies, providing a nuanced understanding of the intricate balance cities are endeavoring to achieve between the economic opportunities Airbnb presents and the potential strains it places on local housing markets. The paper also scrutinizes the evolving policy frameworks and their effectiveness in mitigating the impacts of short-term rental platforms. Furthermore, it deliberates on future trends in the short-term rental market and the wider implications for the sharing economy. Concluding, the paper acknowledges the limitations of the qualitative method and suggests areas for future in-depth research, aiming to offer insightful contributions to policymakers, researchers, and urban planners engaged in urban housing discourse in the United States.
Advancements in Portable Voltammetry: A Promising Approach for Iron Speciation Analysis
Authors: Inaudi Paolo , Abollino Ornella , Argenziano Monica , Malandrino Mery , Guiot Caterina , Bertinetti Stefano , Favilli Laura , Giacomino Agnese
Published: October 2023

Iron, a crucial element in our environment, plays a vital role in numerous natural processes. Understanding the presence and concentration of iron in the environment is very important, as it impacts various aspects of our planet’s health. On-site detection and speciation of iron are significant for several reasons. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the applicability of voltammetry for on-site determination of iron and its possible speciation using a portable voltammetric analyzer. Voltammetry offers the advantage of convenience and cost-effectiveness. For iron (III) determination a modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with an antimony-bismuth film (SbBiFE) using acetate buffer (pH=4) as supporting electrolyte was used. The technique adopted was Square Wave Adsoptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (SW-AdCSV) and we used 1-(2-piridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as iron (III) ligand. Linearity, repeatability, detection limit and accuracy were determined using synthetic solutions, then a Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1643f - Trace Elements in Water was used for validation measurements in real matrix. The procedure was finally applied to real samples (tap, lake and sea water) and the results obtained were compared by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results obtained demonstrated the excellent applicability of the proposed on-site voltammetric procedure for the determination of iron and its speciation in water.
Lupinus mutabilis Breeding in the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: A Review
Authors: Rodriguez-Ortega Diego , Zambrano José Luis , Pereira-Lorenzo Santiago , Torres Andres , Murillo Angel
Published: October 2023

Lupinus mutabilis, also known as tarwi or chocho, is an important agricultural species cultivated in South America since ancient times. Tarwi is native from the Andean regions of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador and has a very high protein content. Despite its high nutritional value and promotion efforts by regional researchers and breeders, tarwi is not a widely cultivated crop in its center of origin. In this review, we present the work carried out by public breeding programs of L. mutabilis at national agricultural research institutes, universities, and other institutions in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The main breeding method used in the Andes to improve local landraces has been mass selection to adapt lines to specific environments. At least 25 cultivars or ecotypes have been selected and released over the last 40 years using this breeding system. Notwithstanding, breeders are currently struggling to develop new varieties that are high yielding, suitable for mechanized harvesting, have a low content of alkaloids or other anti-nutritional properties, and to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the potential of this crop and invest in its research to incorporate new techniques and breeding strategies to optimize the development of new varieties in the Andes which address the current cultivation challenges of the species.
Realization and Experimental Study of a Hybrid Cooker (Solar-Biomass) in a Sahelian Climate
Authors: Konkobo Iliyassé , Nébié Jacques , Gounkaou Yomi Woro , Boubou Bagré , Korsaga Armand , Somé Boumbouté , Zongo Sidiki , Guy Christian Tubreoumya , Daho Tizane , Béré Antoine
Published: October 2023

Solar cookers are devices that allow cooking by using free solar energy. However, they can’t operate during cloudy periods or at night. A hybrid cooker (solar-biomass) is an alternative that uses an endogenous and renewable energy source for ecological and economical cooking. In this work, the performances of a hybrid cooker (solar-biomass) are evaluated. The experimental results obtained indicate that the absorber plate reached a maximum temperature of 121.60 °C. Moreover, the maximum power of the cooker was 78.47 W with an efficiency of 29% in solar mode and 28.4% in biomass mode. The first and second figures of merit parameters performed are 0.1043 and 0.2732 respectively. The results obtained are conclusive in both solar and biomass mode.