bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquatic eDNA for monitoring French Guiana biodiversity
Authors: Murienne Jérôme , Cantera Isabel , Cerdan Axel , Cilleros Kévin , Decotte Jean-Baptiste , Dejean Tony , Vigouroux Régis , Brosse Sébastien
Published: September 2019

Environmental DNA [eDNA] metabarcoding has recently emerged as a non-destructive alternative to traditional sampling for characterising species assemblages.

We here provide a consistent dataset synthetising all eDNA sampling sites in French Guiana to date. Field collections have been initiated in 2014 and have continued until 2019. This dataset is however a work in progress and will be updated after each collecting campaign. We also provide a taxon by site matrix for fishes presence / absence as inferred from eDNA. Our aim is to allow a transparent communication to the stakeholders and provide the foundation for a monitoring programme based on eDNA. The lastest version of the dataset is publicly and freely accessible through the CEBA geoportal (http://vmcebagn-dev.ird.fr) or through the French Guiana geographic portal (https://www.geoguyane.fr).
From Composite Building to Partial Figure: Variations in the Teaching of Colin Rowe and Peter Eisenman
Authors: Jasper Michael
Published: September 2019

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of Colin Rowe (1920-1999) and Peter Eisenman’s (1932-) studio teaching as a form of theoretical practice. It does this through examination of select studios undertaken under their respective direction at Cornell University and the Yale School of Architecture. Three propositions underpin the paper. First, that a close reading of Rowe’s teaching reveals a specific theoretical temperament at work. Second, the paper postulates that the latent force of Rowe’s teaching is still to be fully exploited. Third, the paper suggests that one possible legacy can be seen in the studio teaching of Eisenman, arguing that Eisenman’s teaching practice and the variations on certain devices and strategies deployed by Rowe can be taken as an instance of the latter’s transformative potential. A series of questions are posed to address these propositions: Which kinds of architectural-urban problems did Rowe emphasize in his studio teaching? What concepts and composition devices were called up? What happens in the transmission and transfer through students, and the singular student of Peter Eisenman in particular? Through an analysis of their university studio teaching, the paper seeks to reveal instances of teaching practices that promote singular theoretical models, different problematics, and various composition strategies and devices which it is claimed are distinguished by their embrace of ambiguity, complexity, and multiplicity.The paper makes a contribution to scholarship on the ideas and impact of Rowe’s teaching, revealing a generative latency largely ignored in secondary literature to date. It adds to studies of twentieth-century architecture education and opens a line of research around a little studied aspect of Eisenman’s practice.
The Study on Impact Resistance of Metal Rubber for a Product
Authors: Duan Fu Wei , Tao Yuan , Ding Cheng Bin
Published: September 2019

A metal rubber damper was designed for the too large impact response of a product. The impact response of products which bears big shocks with and without metal rubber damper were studied and compared. The damping performance of the metal rubber damper with different pre-compression was tested and studied. The test results show that the metal rubber damper can effectively reduce the impact response of the product in three directions; The damping effect of cylindrical metal rubber damper in the direction of cylinder axis is better than that in the other two axial directions; different pre-compression amounts have great influence on the impact response, so the optimum damping effect is obtained by adjusting the pre-compression amount of the metal rubber damper.
Characterization of Zn-1.5Mg and Zn-1.5Mg-0.5Ca Alloys Considered for Biomedical Application
Authors: Dvorský Drahomír , Kubásek Jiří , Čapek Jaroslav , Pinc Jan , Vojtěch Dalibor
Published: September 2019

Zinc and magnesium alloys are considered to be suitable for application in medicine as materials for biodegradable implants such as fixation devices for bone fractures. Lower corrosion rate and no release of hydrogen during an exposition in corrosion environment make the zinc alloys more suitable for this application from the corrosion point of view. On the contrary, the daily acceptable dose of Zn for the human organism is much lower compared to the Mg. The present paper is focused on the comparison of Zn-1.5Mg, Zn-1.5Mg-0.5Ca, and WE43 alloys. Both alloys were processed by extrusion in order to improve mechanical properties. The tensile yield strengths of 308 MPa and 280 MPa were measured for Zn-1.5Mg and WE43 alloys respectively. The corrosion rates were almost similar for zinc-based alloys and WE43.
On FSW Keyhole Removal to Improve Volume Defect Using Pin Less Tool
Authors: Mehta Kush P. , Patel Rahul
Published: September 2019

Friction stir welding (FSW) consists formation of keyhole at the end phase of the process, which is major defect and needs to be removed. In the present investigation, keyhole of dissimilar friction stir welded Al-Mg joint was repaired by novel technique of pin less tool friction stir repairing. Two different pin less tools having different tool diameters were applied to repair keyhole. Visual inspection, macro structural analysis, microstructure features and mechanical properties are assessed in order to check the successful prevail over of keyhole defect. The results revealed that, keyhole of dissimilar friction stir weld of Al-Mg joint was effectively repaired by pin less tool friction stir repairing. Excellent material mixing was obtained in the repaired area of keyhole. Tensile strength was obtained as 159 MPa that was higher than the dissimilar Al-Mg FSW joint.
Electrochemical Study of Calcareous Deposit Formation in Simulated Soil Solution under Cathodic Protection
Authors: Mjwana Phumlani , Refait Philippe , Obadele Babatunde A. , Jeannin Marc , Olubambi Peter
Published: September 2019

Cathodic protection induces the formation of a calcareous layer has been shown to improve metal protection against corrosion by reducing the oxygen diffusion on the metal surface. The present study focuses on the electrochemical scaling induced by the application of cathodic polarisation. A combination of non-invasive in-situ electrochemical techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used. Metal/electrolyte interface behaviour was studied using voltammetry to determine the controlling anodic and cathodic reactions. One-week long experiments were conducted. Applied potential –1.2 VSCE was shown to enable the formation of CaCO3 allotropes calcite and aragonite, and brucite due to increased interfacial pH which resulted in the formation of hydrogen at the electrode surface. Time constants from bode plots for applied potential –1.2 VSCE also illustrated the inhomogeneity of the calcareous layer. Modelling of polarisation curves illustrated a “passivation” phenomenon which resulted from formation of hydroxyl cations. This was further validated by bode plots with the added information on the diffusion reaction process. High frequency behaviour showed a steady increase in the electrolyte resistance which may be attributed to the formation of the calcareous layer. Evidence of the initial Mg-gel porous layer, which precedes the formation of brucite, was found.
Assessment of the Degradability of Commercially-Available Biodegradable Plastic Utensils in Soil and UV
Authors: Alvarez Karl Vincent N. , Bulaong Regina Mae V. , Hipolito Eloisa Nher A. , Reyes Jonard Jairo P. , Liberato Astrid Ayla E. , Diaz Leslie Joy L.
Published: September 2019

Biodegradable plastics are viewed as one of the most promising solutions to plastic waste dilemma due to its natural degradative properties. Fossil fuel-based polymers have been infused with bio-based additives (e.g. starch) and have been used to produce biodegradable plastic products such as bags and cutleries. While several studies have dealt with degradation of polymers with bio-based additives, there is work yet to be done on degradation of commercially-available biodegradable plastic products. Here we evaluate degradability upon exposure to soil incubation and UV of three common starch-based plastic utensil brands in the Philippines that claim biodegradability. Analysis of IR absorbance spectra of post-exposure samples indicated high propensity towards photodegradation. Furthermore, estimation of full degradation period confirmed the biodegradability of starch-amended plastics which were limited to two brands. The presence of 19.22% and 24.18% starch in the plastic showed complete decomposition period of 156 and 92 days, respectively. This is a significant improvement over poor degradability exhibited by conventional plastics which often takes 450 to 1000 years. The reduction of degradation time through starch incorporation may prove to benefit manufacturers in fabricating more environmentally-friendly plastic products in the future.
Photocatalytic Fuel Cell Using TiO2/ZnO/Zn Photoanode for Greywater and Bacteria Abatements with Power Generation Concomitantly
Authors: Lam Sze Mun , Ooi Joo Kheng , Kee Ming Wei , Sin Jin Chung
Published: September 2019

Recycling of optional water source especially greywater and energy recovery from effluent is garnering impetus owing to clean water scarcity and energy crisis. In current work, photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) utilizing a TiO2/ZnO/Zn photoanode and a CuO/Cu photocathode was developed for efficient greywater treatment and power generation. The photoelectrodes were measured by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Using 2 layers of TiO2/ZnO on Zn film, chemical oxidation demand (COD) removal efficiency had achieved 73% in the UV light-activated PFC system. The electrical generation was concomitantly found, in which the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-current density (Jsc) and maximum power density (Pmax) were 634 mV, 0.1612 mA cm-2 and 0.0257 mW cm-2, respectively. The PFC has also revealed high antibacterial activity towards and Escherichia coli (E. coli), highlighting its potential photocatalytic and antibacterial properties for greywater reused and clean energy production.
Morphology, Ionic-Molecular Interaction and Ionic Conductivity Behavior of PMMA/ENR 50 Electrolytes Containing Carboxylic Acids Modified SiO2 Fillers
Authors: Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri , Famiza Abdul Latif , Siti Izzati Husna Mohd Azuan
Published: September 2019

Carboxylic acids of various carbon chain lengths (Cn); i.e. butanoic acid (C4), octanoic acid (C8), dodecanoic acid (C12) and hexadecanoic acid (C16) have been used to organically modify silicon dioxide (SiO2). The acid modification involve replacing the hydrogen atom of the silanol group (Si-OH) of SiO2 with the RnCOO-of the acid via esterification technique. SiO2 and acid modified SiO2 (MoCn-SiO2) were used as filler in preparation of polymethyl methacrylate/50% epoxidized natural rubber electrolytes containing SiO2 (PEL-SiO2) and MoCn-SiO2 (PEL-MoCn-SiO2) via solvent casting method with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as dopant salt. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of PEL-SiO2 and PEL-MoCn-SiO2 films show LiBF4 accumulated to the fillers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed formation of hydrogen bonding between LiBF4 with fillers and polymers in the polymer electrolyte films. Interestingly, the ionic conductivity of PEL-MoCn-SiO2 films increases as the Cn of acids increased with the highest ionic conductivity of 5.56 x 10-7 Scm-1 was achieved in PEL-MoC12-SiO2 film.
Expanded Graphite/Epoxy/Aliphatic Amine Composites for Bipolar Plates Applications in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Rigail-Cedeño Andres F. , Espinoza-Andaluz Mayken , Medina-Andrade Jorge , Leal-Zavala Karol
Published: September 2019

Suitable conductive fillers for resins and processing conditions are critical factors for the final properties of composite bipolar plates. This research is focused on the development of expanded graphite/epoxy/aliphatic amine composite as a potential replacement for conventional bipolar plates to meet global standards of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs). The synergistic effects on the electrical conductivity of secondary fillers Carbon Black (CB) and Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) with Expanded Graphite (EG) were studied in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy/polyether triamine system. Compositions of secondary filler were varied in proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt % in a fixed 40 wt % EG / Epoxy resin (w/w) to find the right secondary fillers under direct mixing without solvent. A 10 wt % CB displayed the highest electrical conductivity around 3.05 QUOTE x10-2 S/cm. For a 60 wt % EG/10 wt % CB composite, the electrical conductivity (in plane) and flexural strength were at about 19 S/cm and 22 MPa, respectively.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Bamboo Fiber/Epoxy Composite Plates in Flexure
Authors: Chin Siew Choo , Moh Jacky Neing Sheng , Doh Shu Ing , Mat Yahaya Fadzil , Gimbun Jolius
Published: September 2019

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is widely used in the construction industry for structural strengthening due to their outstanding mechanical properties. However, the production of synthetic fibers such as FRP is detrimental to the environment. Alternatively, natural fiber composite may be used as external strengthening material. This paper presents the potential of bamboo fiber composite plate (BFCP) to strengthen the reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure. The bamboo of species Dendrocalamus asper was used to produce the fiber and fiber-to-volume ratio was set at 2:5. The composite plate was fabricated by binding bamboo fibers with epoxy using a hand-lay-up method. The flexural and tensile strength of the BFCP was measured and all the beams were tested to failure under four-point bending test. It was found that BFCP exhibited a higher flexural and tensile strength compared to pure epoxy samples. Meanwhile, the RC beams strengthened using BFCP exhibited an increment of 10-12% in beam structural capacity compared to the un-strengthened beams. Bonding of BFCP in the flexure zone was able to divert the vertical cracks into diagonal at the edge of the composite plate. Findings from this work may serve as a useful guide to strengthen RC beams using a BFCP.
Compression Capacity of Corrugated Core Hybrid Composite Sandwich Structure
Authors: Elzayady Nagwa , Elghandour Eltahry
Published: September 2019

Improvement of mechanical properties of light-weight corrugated core sandwich structures is a big demand in aerospace applications. Among these applications, space vehicles which encounter pressure loads and severe aerodynamic heating during ascent and reentry. The open-cell corrugated core is useful for active cooling of the sandwich structures. In this work, hybrid composite structural members with fiberglass corrugated core and carbon fiber skin facings were manufactured using vacuum bag technique. Different specimen configurations with rectangular cross-section area have been subjected to the load in the longitudinal direction of the corrugation and examined by edgewise compression test. The proposed testing has been applied to take advantage of the highest inertia of the specimen in such orientation. The test provides a basis for estimating the load carrying capacity when these structure members are used as individual webs in the aircraft interiors. Also as the core sheet is turned by 90° to the regular load direction, this structure member is similar to the so-called honeycomb when ordered in parallel rows and hence it is appropriate for floor sandwiching. In contrary to a honeycomb, this core consists of fiberglass laminate and therefore higher compressive resistance is associated. The results exhibit high values of both stiffness and ultimate compression force in the corrugation direction. For the rectangular area and the open corrugated contour, specific properties relative to the weight are extremely high. Also, the results and graphs indicate that there must be at least three corrugated ligaments with a trapezoidal cross section of 0.5” height and 63o per cell to grantee stability under load and high absorbed energy in the non-linear stage as well.
A Review Study on the Characterization of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Said Shwan H.
Published: September 2019

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the essential binding material to produce the OPC concrete. Production of OPC is recently attaining a rate of 2.6 billion ton per year worldwide and growing 5% annually. OPC contributes at rate of 5 – 8% of human-worldwide CO2 emissions which are the greenhouse gases pollute the atmosphere. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a creative, sustainable, economical and eco-friendly material for construction industry, which is a suitable alternative to the OPC concrete, able to extensively curb the CO2 emissions. To prepare this kind of concrete, a combination of pozzolanic material such as fly ash (FA), and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) rich with silica and alumina can react with alkaline activator solution producing aluminosilicate gel, acting as a superb binding material for fine and coarse aggregates under special conditions of curing. This study highlights the recent explorations on geopolymer mortars and concrete. Effect of chemicals such as sulphuric acid, effect of fly ash partial replacement with different binding materials, effect of concentration of alkaline activator solutions and the effect of temperature and time of curing variation have been discussed on durability and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. Results have shown superb resistance of geopolymer concrete to the detrimental effects of sulphuric acid on weight and compressive strength. Furthermore, fly ash partial replacement with silica fume, OPC or GGBS, or nanosilica inclusion in GPC has a positive effect on the GPC properties. Finally, using high concentration of sodium hydroxide has a detrimental effect on GPC properties.
Prediction of Bending Beam Rheometer Test Outputs Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Aljarrah Mohammad Fuad , Khasawneh Mohammad Ali , Al-Omari Aslam Ali , Alshorman Mohammad Emad
Published: September 2019

The major objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Artificial Neural Networks in creating prediction models capable of estimating Bending Beam Rheometer outputs; namely creep stiffness, and m-value based on test temperature, modifier content; in our case waste vegetable oil, and testing time interval. A feedforward backpropagation neural network with Bayesian Regulation training algorithm and an SSE performance function was implemented. It was found that the neural network model shows high predictive powers with training and testing performance of 99.8% and 99.2% respectively. Plots between laboratory obtained values and neural network predicted outputs were also considered, and a strong correlation between the two methods was concluded. Therefore, it was reasonable to state that using neural networks to build prediction models in order to find BBR test values is justified.
Dissection of the Effects of JAK and BTK Inhibitors on the Functionality of Healthy and Malignant Lymphocytes
Authors: Hofland Tom , de Weerdt Iris , ter Burg Hanneke , de Boer Renate , Tannheimer Stacey , Tonino Sanne H. , Kater Arnon P. , Eldering Eric
Published: September 2019

Despite the emergence of small molecule inhibitors, current treatment strategies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are not curative, and the search for new therapeutic modalities continues. Prosurvival signaling derived from the microenvironment is often mediated via JAK signaling. However, whether JAK inhibitors are useful in CLL therapy has not been studied extensively. JAK inhibitors are valuable therapeutic agents in myelofibrosis and show promising results in graft-versus-host-disease. However, JAK inhibition is associated with an increased infection risk, presumably because of the effect on other immune cells, a feature shared with other kinase inhibitors used for CLL treatment, such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib and the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib. We compared functional effects of the JAK1/2 inhibitors momelotinib and ruxolitinib, the BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and tirabrutinib, and PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib on malignant CLL cells but also on healthy human T, B, and NK lymphocytes. We found several interesting differences among the inhibitors, apart from expected and well-known effects. Momelotinib but not ruxolitinib blocked cytokine-induced proliferation of CLL cells. Momelotinib also reduced BCR signaling, in contrast to ruxolitinib, indicating that these JAK inhibitors in fact have a distinct target spectrum. In contrast to tirabrutinib, ibrutinib had inhibitory effects on T cell activation, probably because of ITK inhibition. Remarkably, both BTK inhibitors stimulated IFN-γ production in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that kinase inhibitors directed at identical targets may have differential effects on lymphocyte function. Their unique profile could be strategically employed to balance desired versus unwanted lymphocyte inhibition.
Helicobacter pylori Exploits the NLRC4 Inflammasome to Dampen Host Defenses
Authors: Semper Raphaela P. , Vieth Michael , Gerhard Markus , Mejías-Luque Raquel
Published: September 2019

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of around 50% of humans. This chronic infection can lead to gastric pathologic conditions such as gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinomas. The strong inflammatory response elicited by H. pylori is characterized by the induction of the expression of several cytokines. Among those, IL-18 is found highly upregulated in infected individuals, and its expression correlates with the severity of gastric inflammation. IL-18 is produced as inactive proform and has to be cleaved by the multiprotein complex inflammasome to be active. In immune cells, the NLRC4 inflammasome, which is activated by flagellin or bacterial secretion systems, was shown to be dispensable for H. pylori–induced inflammasome activation. However, apart from immune cells, gastric epithelial cells can also produce IL-18. In this study, we analyzed the role of the NLRC4 inflammasome during H. pylori infection. Our results indicate that NLRC4 and a functional type IV secretion system are crucial for the production of IL-18 from human and murine gastric epithelial cells. In vivo, Nlrc4−/− mice failed to produce gastric IL-18 upon H. pylori infection. Compared with wild type mice, Nlrc4−/− mice controlled H. pylori better without showing strong inflammation. Moreover, H. pylori–induced IL-18 inhibits β-defensin 1 expression in a NF-κB–dependent manner, resulting in higher bacterial colonization. At the same time, inflammasome activation enhances neutrophil infiltration, resulting in inflammation. Thus, NLRC4 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-18 production favors bacterial persistence by inhibiting antimicrobial peptide production and, at the same time, contributes to gastric inflammation.
Comparative analysis of the oropharyngeal airway in patients aged over 40 years: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alkhader Mustafa , Geijer Mats
Published: September 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to compare different measurements of the oropharyngeal airway in patients aged over 40 years on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and five patients aged over 40 years were divided into three groups (40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years). A comparative analysis of oropharyngeal airway (volume, minimum cross-sectional area, minimum anteroposterior distance, and minimum right to left distance) between the groups was carried out on CBCT images acquired for different dental purposes. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in mean value of oropharyngeal airway measurements (P < 0.05). In the middle age group of patients aged from 50 to 59 years, the mean value of each measurement was lower than its counterpart in other groups. Conclusions: Patients aged from 50 to 59 years had the smallest oropharyngeal airway measurements; therefore, they might be at high risk of developing sleep-related breathing disorders, and further assessment is recommended.
Repercussions of diabetes mellitus on the oral cavity
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Akhtar Usman , Chaudhry Ahmed , Rahid Usman , Saif Sarmad , Asif Jawaad Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Oral health is a cardinal element of nutritional as well as systemic well-being and plays a substantial part in sustaining optimum general health condition. Various factors influence oral health including metabolic diseases such as endocrine (diabetes mellitus [DM]), hematological, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and neurological diseases. The intent of this review is to accentuate the correlation between DM and oral disorders, like those upsetting oral mucosa and supporting tissues. A review of literature was performed using relevant key words (“Oral Manifestations of Diabetes” OR “Oral Complications of Diabetes” OR “Oral Impacts of Diabetes” OR “Oral Repercussions of Diabetes“) in prominent journals pertaining to Endocrinology and Dentistry (Journal of Periodontology, Periodontology 2000, British Dental Journal, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, PloS ONE, and Nature Reviews Genetics). The most frequently witnessed diabetic manifestations in oral cavity include gingivitis and periodontitis leading to premature tooth loss, salivary dysfunctions, dental caries, delayed wound healing, bacterial and fungal infections, lichen planus, taste impairment, tongue abnormalities, neurosensory oral disorders, halitosis, and dry socket. In the end, I have comprehensively described the role of antidiabetic drugs in the management of DM and eventually leading to prevention of its oral complications. In this review, etiopathophysiology of each oral complication has been prudently analyzed to contemplate the establishment of a possible preventive and treatment approach.
A modern guide in the management of endodontically treated posterior teeth
Authors: Abu-Awwad Motasum
Published: September 2019

Decision-making in the management of posterior endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is still considered a challenge for the clinician. The development of adhesion has led to a paradigm shift in the restorative treatment options. Restorations which depend on mechanical retention are not the only restorations currently available. Adhesive restorations are gaining more popularity due to their conservative nature. This article aimed to provide the clinician with a modern guide for the management of posterior ETT using adhesive restorations. A method of assessment of the remaining tooth structure which places the tooth in one of the three categories was recommended, and adhesive treatment options were suggested for each category. The three categories were minimally destructed teeth, which could be managed simply through intracoronal composite resin restorations; moderately destructed teeth, which could be managed through adhesive overlays; and severely destructed teeth, which could be managed through fiber post–core–crown combination, or through endocrowns.
Prospective study of sequential volumetric changes of parotid gland in early oropharyngeal carcinoma patients treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy: An institutional experience
Authors: Patel Pooja Nandwani , Goyal Sumit , Shah Anand , Gohel Mehul , Suryanarayana Unnikrishnan
Published: September 2019

Aims and Objectives: During course of radiation therapy, anatomical variations occur risking overdose of parotid gland. We tried to quantify volume of parotid gland and mean dose to parotid gland after every 10 fractions (#). Materials and Methods: We conducted the prospective study from July 2016 to May 2017 in 25 patients of early-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma. Patients had Karnofsy Performance Score of 80–100, median age was 54 years, and 18 patients were males. Patients were planned with intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning with dose as 66 Gy/30# to planning target volume (PTV) including primary and 54 Gy/30# to PTV-nodal including elective neck irradiation. After each 10#, replanning was done, and variations in parotid volume were studied including Dmean(mean dose to parotids) and D50(the dose delivered to 50% of volume). Other tumor characteristic like PTV of primary was also assessed and minimum PTV volume covered by 95% isodose line was kept as 95%. Results: Average parotid volumes decreased by the mean value of 10% and 6% for the left and right parotids, respectively, and PTV of primary target decreased by mean of 13%. The difference in Dmeandoses to parotid glands was 32% and 42% and difference in D50dose was 30% and 35% on the left and right side, respectively. Conclusions: The parotid volumes differ considerably during adaptive planning done after every ten fractions. These differences in parotid volumes and doses received to parotid glands play a significant role in the risk of xerostomia observed during later follow-up.
Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status in breast cancer: A retrospective study of 5436 women from a regional cancer center in South India
Authors: Kumar Rekha Vijay , Panwar Dipti , Amirtham Usha , Premalata Chennagiri Srinivasmurthy , Gopal Champaka , Narayana Suma Mysore , Patil Okaly Geetha Vikram , Lakshmaiah K. C. , Krishnamurthy S.
Published: September 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status over 7 years in South Indian women with breast cancer. Further analysis of a subgroup was done to study clinically defined subtypes and the role of preanalytical factors in needle core biopsies (NCBs) and excised specimens. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2016. Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and available immunohistochemistry (IHC) reports of ER, PR, and HER2 status were analyzed. The cases for the year 2016 were analyzed further to observe the impact of preanalytical factors on the IHC staining patterns and surrogate status. Results: A total of 5436 patients were included with a median age of 48 years. Among these, 65% were ≤ 55 years. The overall incidence of hormone receptor (HR)-positive patients was 48%; HER2 positive, 15%; and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), 37%. The incidence of HR positive, HER2 positive, and TNBC were 45%, 16%, and 39% and 53%, 13%, and 34% in patients <56 years and over 55 years, respectively (P < 0.001). There was an increase in HR positivity and decrease in TNBCs over time. There was no significant difference in the staining patterns in NCBs and excised specimens. Conclusion: With time, there is an increase in hormone-positive tumors which may be attributed to better IHC techniques and tissue handling. There was no statistical difference in the patterns of ER, PR, and HER2 immunostaining in core biopsy and excised specimens.
Clinical outcome study of crizotinib in immunohistochemistry-proven echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene among Indian patients with adenocarcinoma lung
Authors: Batra Ullas , Aggarwal Mohit , Jain Parveen , Goyal Pankaj , Yadav Abhishek , Maheshwari Udip , Mehta Anurag
Published: September 2019

Aims: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) Break Apart FISH Probe Kit and Ventana anti-ALK (D5F3) CDx immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay are the Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic for targeted therapy with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in lung cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of twice daily crizotinib tablet (250 mg) in IHC-proven echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion gene among Indian patients with adenocarcinoma lung in the routine clinical practice. Subjects and Methods: Patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adenocarcinoma histology, whose tumors were found to be positive for EML4-ALK fusion gene using IHC, were considered for this study. IHC analysis was performed using a Ventana automated immunostainer (Benchmark XT). Detection was performed using Optiview DAB detection and amplification kit. Results: A total of 25 NSCLC adenocarcinoma patients were included in the study. There were 14 (56%) women and 10 (44%) men with a median age of 53 years. All patients had Stage IV disease at the time of initiation of crizotinib therapy. One patient achieved complete response and 20 achieved response rate (PR) for an overall PR of 84%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.8 months and median overall survival (OS) was 20.6 months. Two (8%) patients experienced severe hepatotoxicity requiring permanent discontinuation of crizotinib therapy. Conclusions: A very high PR, PFS, and OS achieved in our study population indicates that IHC can accurately identify EML4 ALK fusion gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients who are responsive to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. IHC should be considered as a cost-effective alternative to FISH, especially in low-resource countries.
Outcomes of carcinosarcoma in a tertiary care institution in India
Authors: Cherian Anne George , Thomas Anitha , Sebastian Ajit , Sebastian Tunny , Thomas Vinotha , Chandy Rachel G. , Peedicayil Abraham
Published: September 2019

Background: Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and reports are often mixed along with other sarcomas. The literature on uterine carcinosarcoma per se is sparse. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the demography, survival, and optimal treatment strategy of uterine carcinosarcoma. Settings and Design: A tertiary care center in India. The study design was descriptive with survival analysis. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all 18 patients admitted with uterine carcinosarcoma between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were studied. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared between treatment groups using the Log-rank test. Results: The total number of uterine malignancies operated in our center over this time period was 311 of which 18 were carcinosarcomas (5.7%). Median age of presentation was 61 years (36–77 years). Most women (94%) were postmenopausal and 67% of them presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Over half of the patients (56%) presented late (Stage III or IV). Only 11 (61%) had adjuvant treatment and 7 patients had expired at the time of follow-up. The median survival was 284 days (95% confidence interval 107–461). Patients who received adjuvant therapy did better compared to those who did not (P = 0.036). Conclusions: Carcinosarcomas are aggressive tumors of postmenopausal women who present with bleeding or discharge per vaginum. In spite of adequate surgical staging followed by adjuvant therapy, survival remains poor. Improvements in early detection and optimal therapy need to be made.
Prognostic factors and outcomes in anaplastic gliomas: An institutional experience
Authors: Valiyaveettil Deepthi , Malik Monica , Joseph Deepa , Ahmed Syed Fayaz , Kothwal Syed Akram
Published: September 2019

Background: There is lack of clear evidence and treatment guidelines for anaplastic gliomas (AGs) with very few studies focusing exclusively on these patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical profile and survival in these patients. Materials and Methods: Patients of AGs treated with radiation and concurrent ± adjuvant chemotherapy from January 2010 to December 2015 were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The median age was 35 years (range 6–68 years). Eighty-four patients had follow-up details and were included for survival analysis. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 58%. Age, presentation with seizures, and focal neurological deficit were not found to significantly influence survival. The 5-year survival for oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma was 69% and 52%, respectively. Patients with Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of ≥70 had a significantly better 5-year OS (65%) as compared to those with KPS <70 (33%) (P = 0.000). The use of adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) showed longer 5-year OS of 67.7% compared to 36% in patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.018). Patients receiving both concurrent and adjuvant TMZ showed longer 5-year OS (68.5% vs. 40%, P = 0.010). Twenty-two patients had recurrence with average time to recurrence being 37 months. Fourteen patients underwent salvage surgery and two patients received reirradiation. Conclusions: OS significantly correlated with KPS and receipt of concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ. Therefore, adjuvant radiation with concurrent and adjuvant TMZ should be the standard of care for AGs.
Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status of breast cancer patients of eastern India: A multi-institutional study
Authors: Chatterjee Koushik , Bhaumik Gautam , Chattopadhyay Bhargab
Published: September 2019

Context: There is a paucity of any significant data on the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of breast cancer patients from the eastern part of India. Aims: This study aims to document the ER and PR status of breast cancer patients in the eastern Indian population, as catered by two premier tertiary care hospitals in Kolkata. Subjects and Methods: All breast cancer patients registered between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015, in the Departments of Oncology, of IPGMER and SSKM Hospitals and R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, who had at least undergone a core biopsy or surgery, were analyzed retrospectively for documentation of their ER and PR status, using the 2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) interpretation guidelines. Results: Over a period of 3 years, a total of 927 patients were included for the study. A total of 825 (89%) patients had their ER and PR data available for evaluation. ER and PR positive was seen in 312 (37.82%) patients, ER and PR negative in 399 (48.36%) patients, ER positive and PR negative in 71 (8.6%) patients, and ER negative and PR positive results was found in 43 (5.21%) patients. Conclusions: This is the first multi-institutional documentation of ER and PR status from eastern India, having a modest number of patients and one of the earliest documentations using the latest ASCO/CAP interpretation guidelines. These findings resemble the data from the south and also reiterate the fact that majority of the Indian breast cancer patients are still ER and PR negative in spite of the changes in the interpretation guidelines.
Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis by Conventional Methods in the Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prakash Ved , Mishra Prem P , Agrawal Lata , Premi HK
Published: September 2019

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is highly prevalent among women especially in reproductive age group but it is found also in other age groups. Bacterial vaginosis is a great health concern in India because of its complications. Most of the healthcare centers in India are not well-versed in advance diagnostics for BV.

Aim

To assess the utility of conventional methods for diagnostic evaluation of BV in the patients of different age groups.

Materials and methods

In this 1 year cross-sectional study, the vaginal swabs were collected from women with signs and symptoms of BV like complaints of vaginal discharge, odor, itching, back ache, etc. attending the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary care hospital in Western UP. These specimens are subjected to vaginal pH determination and are sent to department of microbiology for Gram stain, wet-mount and whiff test. Amsel's criteria were used for confirming BV.

Results

A total of 206 women included in the study, n = 63 (29.61%) were found to be having BV based on Amsel's criteria. The mean age of the females were found to be 30.77 years. The most affected age group was found to be 26 to 35 years, n = 33 (54%). The vaginal pH was significantly higher in n = 61 (29.61%) women with BV. Vaginal discharge was prevalent in n = 108 (52.43%) women. Presence of clue cells and positive whiff test were found to be in n = 63 (30.58%) and n = 61(29.61%).

Conclusion

The characteristics of vaginal discharge, vaginal pH determination, clue cells and whiff test is relatively easier conventional methods for diagnosis of women with BV where better facilities are lacking. These tests are suitable for screening women with BV and in formulating the treatment to check the complications.

How to cite this article

Mishra PP, Prakash V, Agrawal L, Premi HK. Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis by Conventional Methods in the Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):1-3.
Tuberculosis of Buccal Mucosa: Is it a Fading Entity?
Authors: Sharma Shilpam , Srivastava Abhinav
Published: September 2019

The recent spurt in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in developing as well as developed countries along with a global anti-tubercular drug resistance, calls for awareness for the diagnosis of TB in unusual form and at unusual sites. Extrapulmonary TB in head and neck may infect palate, uvula, buccal mucosa, tonsils, lips, tongue, maxilla and mandible. Tuberculous lesions of oral cavity have become so infrequent that it is virtually a forgotten disease and may pose a clinical diagnostic challenge. Therefore, all lesions in these areas should be investigated keeping a high level of suspicion for the diagnosis of TB.

How to cite this article

Srivastava A, Mohan C, Sharma S. Tuberculosis of Buccal Mucosa: Is it a Fading Entity? Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):27-29.
Atypical Cases of Blowout Fracture with Retained Naso-orbital Foreign Bodies: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Pant Bhawana , Gaur Sanjay , Sharma Tusshar
Published: September 2019

An orbital blowout fracture is a fracture of any wall of the orbit, including the medial, lateral, posterior, the floor, or the roof. The most common injury site is the floor or the medial wall. Any blow to the face or eye, especially the orbital rim, can cause this injury. Vision threatening complications like permanent diplopia and cosmetically unacceptable enopthalmos make this an important injury to be identified quickly. Here, we present two atypical cases of orbital blowout fractures with retained nasoorbital foreign bodies where mechanism of injury was different but resulted in permanent vision loss due to delay in diagnosis. These type of injuries need prompt management including proper radiological diagnosis and treatment.

How to cite this article

Pant G, Gaur S, Sharma T. Atypical Cases of Blowout Fracture with Retained Naso-orbital Foreign Bodies: Case Series and Review of Literature. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):38-41.
Pattern of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Patients
Authors: Bansal Sanjay , Tiwari Vijayesh K , Khan Mohammed J
Published: September 2019

Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection and cause of mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The main aim of this study was to find out the relation, clinical profile, and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in HIV patients. A total of 35 patients with HIV-PTB coinfection who visited the Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital for 1 year were enrolled in this study. The pattern of PTB in HIV patients was studied by the help of history, symptoms, chest X-ray, tuberculin skin test, CD4 cell count, and the presence of other opportunistic infection.

How to cite this article

Tiwari VK, Bansal S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Khan MJ. Pattern of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Patients. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):46-48.
Comparative Study of Endoscopic Septoplasty vs Conventional Septoplasty
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Yadav Akanksha
Published: September 2019

Nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common problem encountered by otolaryngologists. A variety of surgical procedures have been tried in the treatment of the same. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes and complications of endoscopic and conventional septoplasty. This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 50 patients with symptomatic DNS, 25 of whom underwent conventional septoplasty, and the rest underwent endoscopic septoplasty. It was found that it is easier to correct posterior deviations and isolated spurs with endoscopic septoplasty with less complications and good results.

How to cite this article

Yadav A, Mohan C, Srivastava A. Comparative Study of Endoscopic SeptoplastyvsConventional Septoplasty. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):49-51.
Ascariasis presenting as Acute Abdomen: A Rare Case
Authors: Agrawal Ranjan , Kumar Parbodh , Mohan Nitesh
Published: September 2019

Ascaris lumbricoides is a common intestinal parasite found in humans prevalent in countries with low socioeconomic status. The disease can occur in all age groups but is more common in preschool-aged children. It causes significant medical, surgical, and social complications. Reported complications include small intestinal obstruction, volvulus, and intussusception. Obstruction of the intestinal tract by a mass of A. lumbricoides is one of the serious and lethal complications.

We present herein a case of A. lumbricoides infestation in a 7-year-old girl, presenting as acute abdomen. Prompt surgical intervention saved the child.

How to cite this article

A grawal R, K umar P, M ohan N . Ascariasis presenting as Acute Abdomen: A Rare Case. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):75-78.
A Rare Case of Vallecular Cyst
Authors: Gangwar Anil , Kuchhal Vaibhav , Srivastava Priyanshu
Published: September 2019

Vallecular cyst is an uncommon but potentially dangerous condition causing stridor and has been associated with sudden airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates. It may also present with feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. Endoscopic laryngoscopy is necessary to visualize vallecular cyst when suspected clinically. Other conditions leading to neonatal stridor should be ruled out, such as laryngomalacia and other laryngotracheal abnormalities. Marsupialization with a CO2 laser is the most successful treatment. We report a case of a 6-month-old male infant referred to our ear, nose and throat department of Dr. Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Government Medical College, Haldwani, for the evaluation of inspiratory stridor, feeding difficulty, suprasternal retraction, and failure to thrive. The patient was misdiagnosed and treated conservatively by a pediatrician. On rigid laryngoscopic examination, an anteriorly displacing cystic mass on the tongue base on the left side was detected. The cyst was removed intoto using bipolar cautery. Immediately after surgery, inspiratory stridor, suprasternal retraction, and feeding difficulty improved gradually. One week later, follow-up rigid laryngoscopy showed no abnormal finding except episodic influx of epiglottis.

How to cite this article

Gangwar A, Kuchhal V, Srivastava P. A Rare Case of Vallecular Cyst. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):88-90.