bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification methods for drift–diffusion reaction models for plasma simulations
Authors: DeChant Corey , Icenhour Casey , Keniley Shane , Lindsay Alexander , Gall Grayson , Clein Hizon Kimberly , Curreli Davide , Shannon Steven
Published: April 2023

Compared to other computational physics areas such as codes for general computational fluid dynamics, the documentation of verification methods for plasma fluid codes remains under developed. Current analytical solutions for plasma are often highly limited in terms of testing highly coupled physics, due to the harsh assumptions needed to derive even simple plasma equations. This work highlights these limitations, suggesting the method of manufactured solutions (MMSs) as a potential option for future verification efforts. To demonstrate the flexibility of MMS in verifying these highly coupled systems, the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework was utilized. Thanks to the MOOSE framework’s robustness and modularity, as well as to its physics module capabilities and ecosystem applications (i.e. Zapdos and the chemical reaction network) developed for plasma physics modeling and simulation, this report lays the groundwork for a structured method of conducting plasma fluid code verification.
A sparse, triangle-shaped sensor array for damage orientation and characterization of composite structures
Authors: Qiu Wen , Xu Lei , Liao Yaozhong , Bao Qiao , Wang Qiang , Su Zhongqing
Published: April 2023

Since numerous sensors are needed to create a sensor array for the structural health monitoring of large-scale structures, the equipment quantity and cost considerably increase. This study proposes a sparse, triangle-shaped sensor array to identify, orient, and assess the degree of structural damage in composite constructions in order to overcome this shortcoming. The damage-scattered Lamb waves are recorded by the sparse sensor array with a variety of features that are then extracted and fed into the support vector machine (SVM) classification method. The location and severity of the damage in composite constructions can be determined by training the SVM model. The principal component analysis technique is used to compress the wave feature vectors while maintaining the majority of the damage information because the high dimension of the wave feature vectors required a significant amount of calculation during the training phase. Proof-of-concept tests show that the trained model, by utilizing the many properties of Lamb wave signals, can orient and define the degree of damage with excellent accuracy. Multiple Lamb wave properties can be used to make up for the triangle sensor array’s loss of damage information. In conjunction with the SVM, the triangle-shaped sensor array that was proposed in this study can efficiently make it easier to identify and characterize damage to large-scale structures while using fewer sensors.
Controllable plasmonic vortex sequence with on-chip discrete-slit-based metalens
Authors: Fu Yanan , Zhang Shuoshuo , Wang Yulong , Zhang Yuquan , He Yejun , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: April 2023

Like free-space vortex beams, surface plasmon polaritons can carry orbital angular momentum to form plasmonic vortices (PVs). Recently, research interest in PV fundamentals and applications has increased. However, generating and manipulating the topological charges of PVs over wide ranges using on-chip devices remains challenging. Here, we propose an on-chip plasmonic metalens structure to generate tunable PV sequence with controllable topological charges at discrete wavelengths. When compared with conventional spiral-slit structures, the designed metalens has additional structural parameters that bring more degrees of freedom to control the range and interval of the topological charge distribution of the PV sequence. Analytical and simulation methods are used to verify the metalens’ functionality. It is proved that the topological charges of the generated PV sequence are symmetrically distributed about the fundamental mode (l = 0), which cannot be realized by a traditional Archimedean helix. In addition, the normalized powers of the PV sequence are all above 0.8, showing that the designed metalens structure has potential for use as an on-chip optical vortex comb device. This work has potential applications in on-chip optical information processing, integrated optical communications, and optical tweezers.
DFT study of structural, electronic, thermoelectric and elastic properties of KPdX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) perovskites
Authors: Shafiullah Muhammad , Haq Saeed Ul , Muhammad Raz , Faizan Muhammad , Laref Amel , Derafa Wassila , Sohail Amir , Khesro Amir , Samad Abdus
Published: April 2023

Over the last two decades, perovskites have attracted researchers’ attention due to their fascinating physical properties for different components in the electronic industry. Here, we have investigated the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of KPdX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) perovskites using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Initially, the structure of all the compounds was relaxed, and the optimized lattice parameters were obtained using the PBE functional. The phonon dispersion spectrum obtained for all compounds indicated a dynamically stable nature for these perovskites. The analysis of the electronic band structure showed metallic nature for KPdX3. The calculated elastic properties offer elastic stability and ductility for KPdX3. The appropriate values of thermoelectric parameters show the potential of these KPdX3 for thermoelectric applications. Moreover, the thermoelectric performance of these compounds can be further improved by tuning the thermal conductivity by selecting an appropriate cation as a dopant. The thermoelectric properties of KPdX3 can guide future experimental and theoretical studies.
Weak electron-phonon renormalization effect caused by the counteraction of the different phonon vibration modes in FeS2
Authors: Li Yunxiu , Ning Jinyan , Xi Jinyang , Wang Shenghao , Yang Jiong
Published: April 2023

Fluctuations on operating temperatures of solar cells may change the electronic structures of absorption layer materials, which will have a profound influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Based on the electron-phonon renormalization (EPR) method, we investigate the temperature dependence of the band gap of optoelectronic pyrite FeS2. The zero point renormalization (ZPR) on the band gap of FeS2 is less than 100 meV, while the vibration-induced band gap reduction is even less than ZPR within the temperature range 0 ∼ 600 K. The fitted Varshni coefficients have agreement with the experimental result. The relatively small reduction of the band gap by the vibrations can be rationalized by the counteraction of the different phonon modes with opposite influences on the EPR effect. By analyzing the mode-decomposed EPR, we reveal that the shortening of the S-S bond caused by the tilting of FeS6 octahedral (A

g
phonon mode) is responsible for the increase of the band gap. On the other hand, the change of the Fe-S bond length (T

u
phonon mode) reduces the band gap value. Our work reveals the theoretical understanding of the weak EPR effect in pyrite FeS2.
Module representatives for refining gene co-expression modules
Authors: Mankovich Nathan , Andrews-Polymenis Helene , Threadgill David , Kirby Michael
Published: April 2023

This paper concerns the identification of gene co-expression modules in transcriptomics data, i.e. collections of genes which are highly co-expressed and potentially linked to a biological mechanism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a widely used method for module detection based on the computation of eigengenes, the weights of the first principal component for the module gene expression matrix. This eigengene has been used as a centroid in a k-means algorithm to improve module memberships. In this paper, we present four new module representatives: the eigengene subspace, flag mean, flag median and module expression vector. The eigengene subspace, flag mean and flag median are subspace module representatives which capture more variance of the gene expression within a module. The module expression vector is a weighted centroid of the module which leverages the structure of the module gene co-expression network. We use these module representatives in Linde–Buzo–Gray clustering algorithms to refine WGCNA module membership. We evaluate these methodologies on two transcriptomics data sets. We find that most of our module refinement techniques improve upon the WGCNA modules by two statistics: (1) module classification between phenotype and (2) module biological significance according to Gene Ontology terms.
Impact of asymmetric activity on interactions between information diffusion and disease transmission in multiplex networks
Authors: Xie Xiaoxiao , Huo Liang’an , Zhao Laijun , Qian Ying
Published: April 2023

Disease is a serious threat to human society. Understanding the characteristics of disease transmission is helpful for people to effectively control disease. In real life, it is natural to take various measures when people are aware of disease. In this paper, a novel coupled model considering asymmetric activity is proposed to describe the interactions between information diffusion and disease transmission in multiplex networks. Then, the critical threshold for disease transmission is derived by using the micro-Markov chain method. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations. The results show that reducing the activity level of individuals in the physical contact layer will have a continuous impact on reducing the disease outbreak threshold and suppressing the disease. In addition, the activity level of individuals in the virtual network has little impact on the transmission of the disease. Meanwhile, when individuals are aware of more disease-related information, the higher their awareness of prevention will be, which can effectively inhibit the transmission of disease. Our research results can provide a useful reference for the control of disease transmission.
Design and testing of an electromechanical engine for a small solid-propellant rocket using non-metal materials
Authors: Olivar C V , del Rio J L
Published: April 2023

In this paper an engine prototype of 2 degrees of freedom from a work still in progress that helps a solid fuel rocket to stay vertical during motor operation is presented. One of the philosophies of this paper consists in using cheap and accessible materials, as well as avoiding the use of industrial machinery for its manufacture. This paper describes the procedure to generate solid fuel from a mixture of sugar and potassium nitrate. Subsequently, the design of the engine and tests conserning reusability with the prototype are presented. The design is based solely on obtaining the torques required to keep the prototype rocket moving in a vertical direction. The corresponding equations are written and after linearization, the transfer function is presented and the system is simulated using a PID control. The electromechanical system (ES) as well as the solid fuel motor were manufactured, and even though the ES is not coupled to the motor so the control actions are not evaluated, the performance of the rocket motor is measured using different design options and the propulsion times were evaluated. To measure the orientation and position the BMP280 and MPU6050 sensors were selected, and their stabilization time after turning them on was evaluated. It was found that the materials can be reused at least once for tests up to 23 grams of solid fuel, and that the selected electronic devices must have a stabilization time before ignition.
Teletraffic analysis and simulation on FSO systems: the traffic generators approach
Authors: Gutiérrez-Montor M , Yañez-Casas G A , Enríquez-Ortiz C E , Hernández-Gómez J J
Published: April 2023

Free Space Optical Communications (FSO) has become an interesting topic to researchers in recent years since the amount of data generated by devices is growing, and it is necessary to use data links that support high bandwidth to transmit them from one device to another. This technology is used to establish not only terrestrial links but also space links.

A CubeSat satellite is generally deployed in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region. To maintain the altitude, the satellite must have a high orbital speed. For that reason, the time to transmit data between a particular ground station and the CubeSat satellite is limited. On the other hand, the volume, mass, and energy storage capacity are restricted in a CubeSat. The greater the bandwidth capacity of radio frequency links, the greater the demand for volume, mass, and energy they require. For that reason, to transmit a significant amount of data, traditional radio frequency links are not suitable and are becoming replaced by FSO as technology improves.

Despite research in physical layer technologies on FSO (modulation schemes, error mitigation techniques, pointing and tracking systems), there is very little research in the literature about data link layer protocols for FSO. Secondly, there is little research to measure the data traffic demand on CubeSat satellites so that a certain data link layer protocol can be selected or adapted to be implemented in an FSO system.

This paper presents research to address the issue of teletraffic through the use of traffic generators. The result is the design and development of a traffic generator for a discrete event simulator that will later be used to observe the behavior and to measure the performance of the Selective Repeat ARQ protocol in a simulated satellite FSO link, in order to propose improvements to adapt the protocol to this scenario.
Identification of lithological characteristics on glacial sediments using a micromechanics approach
Authors: Meléndez-Martínez J
Published: April 2023

To identify the lithology present along the 1138 m length of the AND-2A drillcore; compressional wave velocity Vp
and wet bulk density ρWBD
data sets acquired on the drillcore are portrayed on density-velocity Rock Physics Templates (RPTs) constructed using a Self-Consistent (SC) micromechanics approach. The three most abundant minerals present in the drillcore— quartz, calcite, and mixed clays —as well as the pore fluid (brine), served as the initial values for the SC model. Results are then compared with the lithology that is identified using Gardner density-velocity cross plots. Thus, the principal lithologies found in the AND-2A drillcore have already been mentioned in the scientific works, and results from both the Gardner and SC approaches show a good correlation with these lithological features. When compared to the lithology of six specific rock specimens that were acquired at various depths along the AND-2A drillcore, our findings likewise match up well. These findings imply that the suggested SC technique may be useful for identifying lithology in boreholes where downhole physical characteristics could exist during intervals when the drillcore was not recovered in whole. Additionally, the SC approach is helpful even when physical properties are derived from measurements because lithology can occasionally be problematic to estimate from visual examination alone, and supplementary evidence from the evaluation of the physical properties could offer further understanding.
Spatial distribution of socio-demographic and housing-based factors in relation to flash and slow-rise flooding hazards in the U.S
Authors: Oke Oluwatobi , Dougherty Erin , Rasmussen Kristen L , Morrison Ryan R , Carter Ellison
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have drawn attention to racial and socioeconomic disparities in exposures associated with flood events at varying spatial scales, but most of these studies have not differentiated flood risk. Assessing flood risk without differentiating floods by their characteristics (e.g. duration and intensity of precipitation leading to flooding) may lead to less accurate estimates of the most vulnerable locations and populations. In this study, we compare the spatial patterning of social vulnerability, types of housing, and housing tenure (i.e. rented vs. owned) between two specific flood types used operationally by the National Weather Service—flash floods and slow-rise floods—in the floodplains across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). We synthesized several datasets, including established distributions of flood hazards and flooding characteristics, indicators of socioeconomic status, social vulnerability, and housing characteristics, and used generalized estimating equations to examine the proportion of socially vulnerable populations and housing types and tenure residing in the flash and slow-rise flood extents. Our statistical findings show that the proportion of the slow-rise flooded area in the floodplains is significantly greater in tracts characterized by higher percentages of socially vulnerable. However, the results could not confirm the hypothesis that they are exposed considerably more than less vulnerable in the flash flooded floodplains. Considering housing-occupancy vulnerability, the percentage of renter-occupancies are greater in the flash flood floodplains compared to slow-rise, especially in areas with high rainfall accumulation producing storms (e.g. in the Southeast). This assessment contributes insights into how specific flood types could impact different populations and housing tenure across the CONUS and informs strategies to support urban and rural community resilience and planning at local and state levels.
Thermally driven elastic membranes are quasi-linear across all scales
Authors: Steinbock Chanania , Katzav Eytan
Published: April 2023

We study the static and dynamic structure of thermally fluctuating elastic thin sheets by investigating a model known as the overdamped dynamic Föppl–von Kármán equation, in which the Föppl–von Kármán equation from elasticity theory is driven by white noise. The resulting nonlinear equation is governed by a single nondimensional coupling parameter g where large and small values of g correspond to weak and strong nonlinear coupling respectively. By analysing the weak coupling case with ordinary perturbation theory and the strong coupling case with a self-consistent methodology known as the self-consistent expansion, precise analytic predictions for the static and dynamic structure factors are obtained. Importantly, the maximum frequency

n

max

supported by the system plays a role in determining which of three possible classes such sheets belong to: (1) when

g
≫
1

, the system is mostly linear with roughness exponent ζ = 1 and dynamic exponent z = 4, (2) when

g
≪
2

/

n

max

, the system is extremely nonlinear with roughness exponent

ζ
=
1

/

2

and dynamic exponent z = 3, (3) between these regimes, an intermediate behaviour is obtained in which a crossover occurs such that the nonlinear behaviour is observed for small frequencies while the linear behaviour is observed for large frequencies, and thus the large frequency linear tail is found to have a significant impact on the small frequency behaviour of the sheet. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that ultra-thin materials such as graphene lie in this intermediate regime. Despite the existence of these three distinct behaviours, the decay rate of the dynamic structure factor is related to the static structure factor as if the system were completely linear. This quasi-linearity occurs regardless of the size of g and at all length scales. Numerical simulations confirm the existence of the three classes of behaviour and the quasi-linearity of all classes.
Material Flow and Waste Recovery in a Community-Based Waste Management System in Batu, Indonesia
Authors: Muktiningsih Satwika Desantina , Sekito Tomoo , Rahmaudina Sindi , Dote Yutaka , Prayogo Tri Budi
Published: April 2023

Indonesian government has promoted to establish Community Based Waste Management (CBWM) in Indonesia to increase the resource recovery rate and to reduce the amount of landfilling waste in stead of conventional the waste management. In CBWM, recyclable materials are recovered by neighborhood communities and only the residual waste is landfilled. Although CBWM can contribute to the reduction of green house gas emission and conservation of resources, the effectiveness of CBWM on the reduction of waste is an clear due to a lack of detailed information about CBWM such as economic benefit, waste flow and its sustainability. The aims of this study are to identify the waste flow in common CBWM in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of CBWM for reduction of MSW carried to a landfill site. The TPS3R Dadaprejo Mandiri (DM-TPS) in Dadaprejo Village, Batu City, Indonesia was investigated as a case of CBWM. Waste composition was surveyed for 8 consecutive days on three separate occasions in 2021 and 2022. Each resource was weighed and measured at each step of the process to analyze waste flow. Monthly data summarizing the amount of each resource separated at DM-TPS was obtained from their records. Information about the amount of waste and resources collected by the 13 waste banks was obtained by interviewing the administrators of those waste banks. The amount of waste carried to DM-TPS during the first, second, and third surveys averaged 5.61, 6.65, and 5.40 t/day, respectively. Of the 9 categories of waste, the largest was the organic waste. Fruits and vegetables made up the largest percentage of resources followed by plastic bags. The average resource recovery rate was approximately 15.2%. However, the composition survey revealed that the potential resource recovery rate was approximately 39.5%. In order to increase of resource recovery rate, the corporation of households on simple source separation at home would be required.
Utilization of quantile mapping method using cumulative distribution function (CDF) to calibrated satellite rainfall GSMaP in Majalaya watershed
Authors: Burnama Nabila Siti , Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira , Farid Mohammad , Wijayasari Winda
Published: April 2023

Flooding is a major problem in Indonesia, with a need for a more data-driven model to understand the sources of floods and potential measures. As ground-based data availability and quality are major sources of uncertainty in flood modeling in such a developing country, satellite-based data is one significant option to complement the drawbacks of ground-based data. The data available from the satellite data still needs to be calibrated with the ground-based observation data. This research uses satellite rainfall data from GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping and Precipitation) by JAXA and the quantile mapping method to calibrate the satellite rainfall data with local rainfall observation. The quantile method is a bias correction method frequently used for precipitation and temperature variables. This method investigates the bias in regional satellite rainfall data and local rainfall observation. The satellite and ground-based data scales are changed to quantiles or percentiles to calculate the correction factors. The quantile mapping method aims to determine the closely fitted CDF curve between the satellite and the ground-based rainfall data. The study area is Majalaya, one of the regencies in West Java known as the metropolitan city for the textile industry and agriculture center. The Quantile Mapping method successfully calibrated the GSMaP rainfall data in Majalaya with an R2 of 0.996. This research can solve the problem of rainfall data in Indonesia and can further be developed for other purposes, such as flood analysis and prediction.
In Vitro Growth of Dendrobium stratiotes on Various Medium and Growth Regulator
Authors: Purwanto E , Arniputri R B , Handoyo G C , Yunus A , Samanhudi  , Purnomo D , Sakya A T , Rahayu M , Setyawati A , Brimantara F
Published: April 2023

Dendrobium stratiotes is one of orchids that is in demand because its flower diameter is larger than others. But now it is rarely found in nature and least available compared to other orchids. This exacerbated by climate change that supports the scarcity. Therefore, in vitro propagation is one of solution This study aims to evaluate the effect of several types of medium, PGR, and their interaction to in vitro growth. This research was designed in completed randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is medium type there are VW, ½ MS, Growmore, and AB-MIX. The second factor is the type of PGR there are 0 (without PGR), BAP, IAA, combination of BAP+IAA, BA, NAA, combination of BA+NAA, all with a concentration of 1 ppm. The growth monitoring was conducted for 2 months. The results showed that the use of ABMIX without PGR produce significants effect to plant height, Growmore with NAA produce significants effect to number of roots, ABMIX with BAP+IAA produce significants effect to number of leaves. Medium, PGR, and interaction between the both did not give significant effect on plant weight. The ABMIX without PGR was able to resulted most notable treatment than others.
Use of Trichoderma as an Effort to Increase Growth and Productivity of Maize Plants
Authors: Syamsiyah Jauhari , Herdiansyah Ganjar , Hartati Sri
Published: April 2023

Climate change is one of the obstacles that must be faced in agricultural development because it impacts decreasing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Therefore, efforts are needed to maintain and even increase productivity, one of which is utilizing microorganisms that function as biological fertilizers to keep the soil environment and support the expected results. This study aims to examine the potential of Trichoderma in increasing the growth and productivity of maize plants. This research was conducted using the Randomized Block Design method, nine treatments (A= Control, B= standard NPK, C=¼ NPK + 1 PT, D=½ NPK + 1 PT, E=¾ NPK +1 PT, F= 1 NPK + 1 PT, G=¾ NPK + PT, H=¾ NPK + PT, I=¾ NPK + PT) with three replications, so there were 27 experimental plots. The results showed that using Trichoderma accompanied by NPK fertilizer affected increasing plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter) and maize plants. The use of Trichoderma at various doses can increase the productivity of maize plants.
Growth and Yield of Black Rice M4 Induced by Gamma-Rays 200 Gy Under Drought Stress
Authors: Purwanto E , Parjanto  , Mustikasari W A , Awanis S
Published: April 2023

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) is a functional food with high anthocyanin and dietary fiber content. Drought conditions due to significant climate change can reduce black rice production. Mutation induction using gamma-rays is among the popular approaches to plant improvement with increased genetic variability for breeding. The research aims to determine the growth, yield, and obtain drought-tolerant mutant black rice. This study used a field experiment method. It planted four selected mutant lines and control plants for each local black rice variety, Bantul, and Boyolali. The results showed that drought stress degraded growth and yield character, such as plant height, shoot dry weight, the number of productive tillers, percentage of filled grain, and inhibited flowering age. Resistance evaluation to drought stress used the stress sensitivity index (SSI). M4-By-200-01, M4-By-200-04, and M4-By-200-04 lines could become short-stemmed black rice and were tolerant to drought stress.
Carbon farming in paddy soil to increase soil C and soil health as an implementation of soil carbon 4 per mille
Authors: Dewi Widyatmani Sih , Nurhutami Shofie Rindi
Published: April 2023

Carbon farming in paddy soil is an important strategy to improve soil organic carbon and soil health to decrease greenhouse gasses (GHG) as support for the 4 per mile program initiated in COP21. This review paper will describe the improvement of C-organic content and soil health in paddy soils when carbon farming is implemented to mitigate the increase in temperature due to GHG. This paper was created based on a literature review from google scholar and other providers’ articles that can be accessed using the internet. The results showed that carbon farming cultivation management could improve soil C organic content, soil health and reduce GHG in the atmosphere. Differences in perspectives between land owners, land cultivators, and external parties are challenges in carbon farming. Supporting and implementing the carbon farming program by all parties is a critical success in implementing carbon farming on paddy soils
Conserving 30% of the Ocean: Indonesia’s Commitment and Effort towards the Global Urge
Authors: Maskun  , Assidiq Hasbi , Bachril Siti Nurhaliza , Mukarramah Nurul Habaib Al
Published: April 2023

As a home to the largest continuous ecosystem, our ocean faces a serious threat under the changing climate. Concerns regarding the effectiveness of existing ocean governance have been raised, highlighting the need for timely mitigation and adaptation measures. Improving efforts for ocean protection is now seen as vital to maintaining the ecosystems and to reversing threats from climate crisis, this has resulted in a global pledge: conserving 30% of the ocean. The conservation call has been made to all states especially those in most vulnerable circumstances, including Indonesia. This study is devoted to assess Indonesia’s commitment in protecting the ocean especially on how the laws and regulations as well as public policy within its national legal framework has so far made responses to emerging threats. By applying a normative-empirical research method, this study reveals a need for more ambitious ocean-conservation legal standards. As international community moving towards nature-pact goal to conserve 30% of the ocean, Indonesia needs to put some serious effort to keep up with the global urge, one of which is by formulating appropriate policy and putting it into practice.
Treatment of Hospital Wastewater Using Combination of Ozone Technology With CaO and Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Nurilma Vidia Nisa , Masykuri M , Setyono Prabang
Published: April 2023

The ozonation process has been widely used as an alternative in hospital waste water treatment because of ozone as a strong oxidizing agent which is effective in degrading unsaturated pollutant bonds, as well as breaking down complex organics. Combination of Ozone, CaO, and Moringa seed (Moringa oleifera) as alternative technology has functions to reduce BOD and COD in hospital wastewater. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness application of ozone technology combined with CaO and Moringa seed. The ozonation contact time was 45 minutes, CaO concentration 4% at 3 ml/l, 2 g/l in Moringa seed, and combination of CaO and Moringa seed (v/w) of 1.5:1. This type of research is a quantitative research based pure experimental method with pretest-posttest design on a laboratory scale. Samples used by hospital Bung Karno, Surakarta, Central Java. The results showed at ozone levels of 0.058 - 0.064 g/hour combined with CaO and Moringa seed (v/w) 1.5:1 was able to produce an effective reduction BOD levels by 56.00% and the effectiveness of reducing COD levels to 63.57%. Univariate analysis showed that there was an effect on the COD and BOD parameters were significantly different with p-value < 0.05 using ozonation treatment combined with CaO:Moringa seed (v/w) 1.5:1. The mean result of COD level after treatment was 156.47 + 2.11 mg/l and BOD level after treatment was 47.42 + 1.81 mg/l.
Adaptation to Climate Change through a Social Innovation Approach in Keduang Watershed, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Agung , Suwarto  , Lestari Eny , Rahayu
Published: April 2023

An innovation system is an approach to economic development that uses science and technology to provide added value. A social innovation approach as an effort to adapt to climate change aims to understand and utilize climate and weather information/predictions to adjust planting times, patterns, and plant types in order to achieve optimal production of food commodities despite weather disruptions. This research aims to show the importance of a social innovation system as an approach to climate change adaptation. The research is qualitative with a case study strategy and a phenomenological approach. The target of a qualitative approach is a comprehensive description of social life. The analysis of qualitative data combines the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing of a conclusion in a repetitive and cyclic way. The research results show that the dimensions of social innovation in a model of integrated ecological agriculture are the form and character implemented and internalized in the structure. The model of technological input introduced is highly compatible with the approach strategy for climate change adaptation as it produces a relatively high yield, with greater profit, easier crop maintenance, and efficient irrigation, enabling farmers to produce vegetable commodities on a daily basis to facilitate marketing.
Organic materials to enhance climate change resilience on shallot production: a review
Authors: Murtiningsih R , Sopha G A , Marpaung A E , Tan S S , Cartika I , Lestari I P , Amisnaipa  , Rawung J B M , Hamdani K K , Gunadi N , Indrasti R , Haryati Y , Handayani T , Khaririatun N , Waluyo N
Published: April 2023

Shallot is one of the most important vegetables for Indonesian people due to its circumstances as the main ingredient in many Indonesian foods. The use of organic materials as nutrient sources is growing, concerning the increasing consumer demands on organic products and environmental issues such as climate change. Using organic materials helps plants to mitigate and adapt the environmental changes. This review described the potential organic sources as liquid organic fertilizer to support shallot growth. The method of this review was a systematic literature review that was grouped by themes. Liquid organic fertilizer is one of the most effective ways to improve plant production. The results showed that the effect of liquid organic fertilizer depends on the raw materials that were used. Several organic materials that potentially enhance shallot production and quality would be discussed, including rabbit manure, black soldier fly manure (kasgot) and white lead tree leaves. Those organic materials contain a high concentration of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen that might accelerate shallot growth. The potential effect of those organic materials on increasing shallot production would be described briefly.
Traditions of soil and water conservation based on farmer knowledge as an adaptation to climate condition in dry land
Authors: Anshori A , Suswatiningsih T E , Mujiyo  , Susilawati H L
Published: April 2023

Drought and decreased soil fertility are the classic problems in dry land agriculture. Farmers adapt these conditions in the form of soil and water conservation practices. This study aimed to find out 1) Tradition of soil and water conservation based on farmer knowledge as an adaptation to climate condition, and 2) Prospective technology for adaptation and mitigation of climate change in dry land. The research was conducted in the dry land of the karst area on Girisubo Gunungkidul D.I. Yogyakarta Indonesia, from September to November 2019, during the dry season. The research used the method of observation and farmer interviews. The results showed that tradition of conservation practices were carried out by farmers based on knowledge and information, with motive of economics and survival. Conservation practices as a form of adaptation, based on the management and potency of water, soil, and biomass resources. Water management includes making simple dam, making well, harvesting groundwater, and applying cropping pattern. Soil management includes making terrace, planting grass on terrace, and applying organic fertilizer. Conservation practice is one of the adaptive actions, with mitigation of climate change as a co-benefit. Practices that have the potential for adaptation with co-benefit mitigation are water and soil management, variety selection, direct seed planting, and composting. Farmers, as the main factor in tradition of conservation practices, determine the sustainability of agricultural system. SWC practices have potential to develop into adaptation co-benefit mitigation to climate change.
Analysis of the Implementation Rice Farming Insurance Program based on the Mapping of Rice Fields with High Flood Risk in Grobogan Regency
Authors: Khristanto D , Harisudin M , Irianto H
Published: April 2023

Central Java Province in 2021 was the second largest rice producer in Indonesia, with Grobogan Regency as the largest producer in Central Java. It was chosen as the object of research because it is the largest producer in this province with a high level of vulnerability to crop failure. The highest factor of crop failure in Grobogan Regency is the flood disaster. Although they always face the risk of crop failure, the participation of farmers in this regency in rice farming insurance program is relatively low. From the spatial data of rice fields and potential flood disasters, it was found that Godong District is the area with the highest potential for crop failure in Grobogan District, followed by Brati District and Karangrayung District. The flood risk data paired with the participation data of the program for the last four years showed that three districts possess high potential for flood disasters, but the participation of the program is still low. The percentage of participation based on rice field area are Godong District 1.73%, Brati District 0.5%, and Karangrayung District with 0%. The interviews with farmers in the three districts found that most farmers were still not aware of the potential for flooding that could threaten their land, supported by the stigma of the insurance program in general, and public figures in the village who had not yet set an example for participating in this program.
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Happiness Index of ASEAN Communities
Authors: Khasanah Luvi , Suryanto
Published: April 2023

Happiness is the primary human goal, so a more inclusive, fair, and balanced approach is required to promote a sustainable economy, poverty alleviation, and the happiness and well-being of all people (SDGs Pyramid to Happiness, United Nations 2012). The Human Development Index (HDI) is one indicator that can be used as a benchmark for sustainable development that supports the implementation of the SDGs. In addition to HDI, Per capita income is also pivotal because it involves the community’s ability to meet basic human needs (clothing, board food). Air pollution is a complex problem in today’s society, which secretly seeks public health. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the HDI, Per Capita Income, and Air Pollution on community happiness. The study population consisted of nine countries in the ASEAN region for the 2015-2019 period. This quantitative research uses secondary data from the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program, and the State of Global Air. The dependent variable used was the Happiness Index (HI), while the independent variables used were the Human Development Index (HDI), Per Capita Income (PCI), and Air Pollution (AP). In this study, to conduct panel data regression analysis, Random Effect Model is assisted with the statistical software Eviews 10. The results of this study indicate that PI (sig. 0,02; coefficient value 0,40) has a positive and significant effect, while HDI (sig. 0,30; coefficient value 1,37) has a positive and not significant effect on HI, and AP (sig. 0,47; coefficient value -0.02) has a negative and insignificant impact on HI. Therefore, the government and society must strive to improve the quality of human resources and the environment to increase people’s happiness.
Spatial modeling to understand the dynamics of land cover MODIS satellite data and Markov Chain
Authors: Wijayasari Winda , Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira , Viridi Sparisoma
Published: April 2023

The ever-increasing economic and population growth closely relates to the change in land cover. As a region grows, the land cover shifts from forests to agriculture and further to developed areas. Such a gradual change occurs slowly; however, understanding the land cover dynamics is essential to regional planning, especially in developing regions, including Indonesia. Despite its importance, studies on land cover changes in developing regions lack a coherent dataset, as many studies are based on ad-hoc approaches, resulting in embedded uncertainties. An example is the land cover classification using LANDSAT data in many parts of the developing countries lacking consistency. As an alternative, the MODIS dataset is a relatively new dataset produced by NASA, presenting a standardized land cover dataset with a 500×500 m resolution at global coverage. Such a standardized dataset gives consistency in land cover dynamics and future projections. This study presents the potential of MODIS and its use case in understanding land cover dynamics in an urbanizing watershed, i.e., the Majalaya Watershed in West Java, Indonesia. The study presents the use of Markov Chain Analysis in understanding the tendency of changes between land cover classes. This study also indicates future research directions to enrich the topic further.
The Use of Green Open Spaces as Climate Adaptation Effort During the Pandemic
Authors: Rini Erma Fitria , Rahayu Paramita , Andini Isti , Putri Rufia Andisetyana
Published: April 2023

Climate change does not only occur in general conditions, but also during a pandemic. Public green open space is seen as part of ecosystem services that play a major role in recovering from climate change, especially during the pandemic. But, higher accessibility to public green open space also means a higher risk of spreading infection due to the greater opportunity for people to meet each other. This study aims to see the use of green open spaces in Surakarta, even in pandemic Covid-19. The spatial correlation between Covid-19 cases and green open space usage will provide an overview of green open space usage in areas that has different risk of covid-19. Because green open space is an infrastructure that has the potential to be utilized by the community to improve health during a pandemic, it is also necessary to anticipate the behaviour of using green open space by the community. Therefore, in this study, the public’s perception of using green open space before and after/during the pandemic will also be seen. The results shows that green open space usage in Surakarta decreased during pandemic. But, it is not because of the pandemic, but because of the weather and personal reasons.
Optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Cucurbita maxima dye adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mukhokosi Emma Panzi , Maaza Maliki , Tibenkana Muhammed , Botha Nandipha L , Namanya Loyce , Madiba I G , Okullo Michael
Published: April 2023

Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) are 3rd generation photovoltaic device that imitate photosynthesis in plants. The fundamental concept of a DSSCs is that the photoanode is covered by the dye as a sensitiser. Natural dyes from plant-based extracts have gained attention as alternatives to toxic and expensive commercial dye sensitisers. Various studies have been conducted on the use of natural plant dye extracts for DSSCs . However, more fundamental studies on their adsorption on TiO2 photoanode nanoparticles are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the crystal structure, optical absorption, and photoluminescence properties of TiO2, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita maxima dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles as potential materials for DSSCs. Raman spectra confirmed the anatase phase of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The particle size of 12 ± 2 nm was confirmed through the transmission electron microscope. The optical absorption properties of Cucurbita maxima show two distinct absorption bands: blue visible (450–500 nm) and red visible (635–674 nm). The photoluminescence spectra of the dye extract and its adsorption onto the TiO2 nanoparticles showed two prominent peaks in the blue and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. No significant peak is observed in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These studies shed more light on the fundamental properties of chlorophyll adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles and their optical and photoluminescence properties for applications as sensitisers in DSSCs.
Structural, morphological, rheological study of chitosan modified bitumen composite
Authors: Perumal Deepa , Laad Meena , S Sangita
Published: April 2023

The unavoidable aging of road pavements due to years of exposure to heavy traffic volume and climatic and environmental changes finally results in a decrease in the performance of the asphalt binder and the performance of the pavement. One of the major causes of road failures is due to poor performance of bitumen pavements and their maintenance. Rutting during hot summer and cracking during winter are the most common problems in the performance of bituminous roads (50 mm or thicker). In the present study, chitosan which is a crustacean waste, and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) which is a shoe sole waste are used as reinforcement materials in bitumen. Basic engineering tests rolling thin film test (RTFO), pressure aging vessel (PAV), etc, were performed on the bitumen composite to understand the impact of additives on bitumen’s physical characteristics. Advanced characterization methods, including x-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDAX), Raman Spectroscopy, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Multiple stress Creep recovery (MSCR) were employed to examine the structural, morphological, compositional, and performance characteristics of bitumen.
Core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers: nanoparticles targeting selective androgen receptor modulators (sarms) and steroidal models
Authors: Sullivan Mark V , Dean Bethanie , Mates Aiden , Farrow Maria Elizabeth , Fletcher Connor , German Maddie , Patel Riya , Turner Nicholas W
Published: April 2023

Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (∼12 nm) were synthesized as the magnetic core for an imprinted polymer (MIP) shell using 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the cross-linker, bringing the average size up to ∼45 nm. Five targets were imprinted—the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) andarine, ligandrol and RAD-140; and the steroids estradiol and gestrinone. All MMIPs produced good selectivity when loaded with a non-target molecule, with all calculated selectivity factors above the 1.2 recommended threshold and also demonstrated good affinity/capacity. The rebinding of the target molecules from a complex matrix was also explored by using spiked river water samples. The SARMs-based MMIPs were able to rebind 99.56, 87.63 and 72.78% of their target molecules (andarine, ligandrol and RAD-140, respectively), while the steroidal-based MMIPs were able to rebind 64.54 and 55.53% of their target molecules (estradiol and gestrinone, respectively) at a nominal loading of 20 ≈μg in 50 mg of NPs. This work highlights the potential of these bi-functional materials for trace material clean-up of complex samples and/or subsequent analysis and opens up possibilities for further simple, rapid-to-synthesise materials for targeted clean-up.
There are no exceptional units in number fields of degree prime to 3 where 3 splits completely
Authors: Triantafillou Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Let

K
K

be a number field with ring of integers

O

K

\mathcal O_{K}

. We prove that if

3
3

does not divide

[
K
:

Q

]

[K:\mathbb Q]

and

3
3

splits completely in

K
K

, then there are no exceptional units in

K
K

. In other words, there are no

x
,
y
∈

O

K

×

x, y \in \mathcal O_{K}^{\times }

with

x
+
y
=
1

x + y = 1

. Our elementary

p
p

-adic proof is inspired by the Skolem-Chabauty-Coleman method applied to the restriction of scalars of the projective line minus three points. Applying this result to a problem in arithmetic dynamics, we show that if

f
∈

O

K

[
x
]

f \in \mathcal O_{K}[x]

has a finite cyclic orbit in

O

K

\mathcal O_{K}

of length

n
n

then

n
∈
{
1
,
2
,
4
}

n \in \{1, 2, 4\}

.