bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bandgap Engineering of Two‐Step Processed Perovskite Top Cells for Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Pappenberger Ronja , Diercks Alexander , Petry Julian , Moghadamzadeh Somayeh , Fassl Paul , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: November 2023

For high‐performance application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem configuration, an optimal bandgap and process method of the perovskite top cell is required. While the two‐step method leads to regular perovskite film crystallization, engineering wider bandgaps (Eg > 1.65 eV) for the solution‐based two‐step method remains a challenge. This work introduces an effective and facile strategy to increase the bandgap of two‐step solution‐processed perovskite films by incorporating bromide in both deposition steps, the inorganic precursor deposition (step 1, PbBr2) and the organic precursor deposition (step 2, FABr). This strategy yields improved charge carrier extraction and quasi‐Fermi level splitting with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 15.9%. Further improvements are achieved by introducing CsI in the bulk and utilizing LiF as surface passivation, resulting in a stable power output exceeding 18.5% for Eg = 1.68 eV. This additional performance boost arises from enhanced perovskite film crystallization, leading to improved charge carrier extraction. Laboratory scale monolithic perovskite/silicon solar cells (TSCs) (1 cm2 active area) achieve PCEs up to 23.7%. This work marks a significant advancement for wide bandgap two‐step solution‐processed perovskite films, enabling their effective use in high‐performance and reproducible PSCs and perovskite/silicon TSCs.
Structural and Chemical Evolution of Highly Fluorinated Li‐Rich Disordered Rocksalt Oxyfluorides as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Sunariwal Neelam , Dogan Fulya , Roy Indrani , Kumar Khagesh , Nordlund Dennis , Ma Qing , Cabana Jordi
Published: November 2023

Li‐rich disordered rocksalt (DRS) oxyfluorides have emerged as promising high‐energy cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. While a high level of fluorination in DRS materials offers performance advantages, it can only be achieved via mechanochemical synthesis, which poses challenges of reproducibility and scalability. The definition of relationships between fluorination and structural stability is required to devise alternative methods that overcome these challenges. In this study, the thermal evolution of three highly fluorinated phases, Li2TMO2F (TM = Mn, Co, and Ni), is investigated in an inert atmosphere. Diffraction and spectroscopic techniques are utilized to examine their electronic and chemical states up until conditions of decomposition. The analysis reveals that the materials phase‐separate above 400 °C, at most. It is also observed that heat‐treated DRS materials exhibit intricate changes in the local coordination of the metals, including their spin, and ordering compared to the pristine states. The changes upon annealing are accompanied by a modulation of the voltage profile, including reduced hysteresis, when used as electrodes. These results provide an in‐depth understanding of the fundamental crystal chemistry of DRS oxyfluorides in view of their promising role as the next generation of Li‐ion cathodes.
Insights into Materials, Physics, and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Acoustic Sensing Technology
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Duan Shengshun , Liu Mingyang , Dang Chao , Qian Shengtai , Zhang Luxue , Wang Hailiang , Yan Wei , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2023

Sound plays a crucial role in the perception of the world. It allows to communicate, learn, and detect potential dangers, diagnose diseases, and much more. However, traditional acoustic sensors are limited in their form factors, being rigid and cumbersome, which restricts their potential applications. Recently, acoustic sensors have made significant advancements, transitioning from rudimentary forms to wearable devices and smart everyday clothing that can conform to soft, curved, and deformable surfaces or surroundings. In this review, the latest scientific and technological breakthroughs with insightful analysis in materials, physics, design principles, fabrication strategies, functions, and applications of flexible and wearable acoustic sensing technology are comprehensively explored. The new generation of acoustic sensors that can recognize voice, interact with machines, control robots, enable marine positioning and localization, monitor structural health, diagnose human vital signs in deep tissues, and perform organ imaging is highlighted. These innovations offer unique solutions to significant challenges in fields such as healthcare, biomedicine, wearables, robotics, and metaverse. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field are addressed, providing strategies to advance acoustic sensing technologies for intriguing real‐world applications and inspire new research directions.
Engineering a Macroscopic Adhesion System Inspired by Mucilaginous Seeds
Authors: Gürer Ufuk , Usslar Felicitas von , Zollfrank Cordt , Lieleg Oliver
Published: November 2023

Wet adhesion is a challenging process that requires successful interactions between the two surfaces of interest. Current adhesives may offer sufficient strength but often contain toxic components. Thus, when the field of adhesion meets bioinspiration, there is lots of potential for finding an innovative solution. Here, inspired by mucilaginous seeds and by using refined fiber structures provided by renewable materials, it is demonstrated how to build a comparably strong wet adhesive system. The process involves the controlled fibrillation of a wood surface followed by the application of a macromolecular coating employing the main component found in mucilaginous seeds. Moreover, the additional introduction of a thermo‐responsive polymer into the system allows for obtaining control over the strength and the compliance of the detachment process. Thus, this study demonstrates how combining renewable materials with a multi‐step coating process offers an environmentally friendly solution that pinpoints a promising path toward bio‐based wet adhesives.
In Situ Observation of Perovskite Quantum Dots Driven by Photopolymerization Controlled Using a Digital Micromirror Device
Authors: Tanaka Hayato , Lagzi István , Nakanishi Hideyuki
Published: November 2023

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are inherently unstable under environmental conditions, making it difficult to form patterns using conventional techniques. Herein, a unique approach is reported for patterning PQDs by the nonuniform photopolymerization of the liquid monomer. The demonstrated approach employs a PQD‐dispersed photocurable liquid, which is illuminated with the patterned light formed using a digital micromirror device (DMD). As the monomers are photopolymerized, the PQDs in the solution are patterned by diffusion (migration), and eventually, their pattern is imprinted on the film after photopolymerization. The migration process of the PQDs is in situ observed using an inverted‐type confocal microscope, and the patterning principle is examined by fine‐tuning the spatial distribution of the light intensity using the DMD. These findings will promote the generation of clear nanocrystal patterns with high contrasts and narrow line widths on films.
EBF2 Links KMT2D‐Mediated H3K4me1 to Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Upregulating KLLN
Authors: Yao Bing , Xing Mengying , Meng Shixin , Li Shang , Zhou Jingwan , Zhang Ming , Yang Chen , Qu Shuang , Jin Yucui , Yuan Hongyan , Zen Ke , Ma Changyan
Published: November 2023

Mono‐methylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4me1), which is catalyzed by histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), serves as an important epigenetic regulator in transcriptional control. In this study, the authors identify early B‐cell factor 2 (EBF2) as a binding protein of H3K4me1. Combining analyses of RNA‐seq and ChIP‐seq data, the authors further identify killin (KLLN) as a transcriptional target of KMT2D and EBF2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. KMT2D‐dependent H3K4me1 and EBF2 are predominantly over‐lapped proximal to the transcription start site (TSS) of KLLN gene. Comprehensive functional assays show that KMT2D and EBF2 cooperatively inhibit PDAC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating KLLN. Such inhibition on PDAC progression is also achieved through increasing H3K4me1 level by GSK‐LSD1, a selective inhibitor of lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Taken together, these findings reveal a new mechanism underlying PDAC progression and provide potential therapeutic targets for PDAC treatment.
Mechanical Motion Tuned Carrier Transport Characteristic of Dynamic Diode
Authors: Yang Zunshan , Zhong Huikai , Wang Can , Lu Yanghua , Feng Lixuan , Yu Xutao , Liu Chang , Lin Shisheng
Published: November 2023

Since the invention of the dynamic diode, its physical properties and potential applications have attracted wide attention. Lots of attempts are made to harvest the rebounding current and voltage of the dynamic diode. However, the underlying physical mechanism of its carrier transport characteristic is rarely explored carefully. Here, the electrical transport properties of the dynamic diode are systematically investigated with a mechanical motion‐tuned method, where the dynamic current‐voltage (I‐V) curve shows a gentler growth trend compared to the static curve. The rebounding current increases with motion velocity and contact force, resulting in a reduced current with the same bias voltage and an oscillation current with a changing velocity and force. This study shows a physical picture of adjusting microscopic carrier motion with macroscopic mechanical motion, which provides strong theoretical support for designing dynamic diode devices with better performance in the future.
An Ultrahigh‐Rectification‐Ratio WSe2 Homojunction Defined by High‐Efficiency Charge Trapping Effect
Authors: Wang Lihua , He Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiankun , Wei Xiaofu , Chen Kuanglei , Gao Li , Yu Huihui , Hong Mengyu , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2023

Although 2D material van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) exhibit many novel properties and applications, 2D homojunctions have unique advantages in interface lattice matching, band continuity, and charge transfer efficiency. However, the rectification performances of 2D homojunction diodes are severely limited by the small junction barrier, mainly due to inefficient charge doping. In this work, an ultrahigh‐rectification‐ratio WSe2 homojunction diode achieved by the semi‐floating gate doping of graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is reported. Utilizing the WSe2/GDYO direct charge trapping mode can free the inhibition of charge capturing efficiency by removing conventional insulating barriers and thus improve the rectification ratio. The C─C(sp) and oxygen‐containing functional groups in the GDYO layer can provide outstanding charge‐trapping ability due to their unsaturation. Furthermore, the oxygen plasma treatment used for oxidizing graphdiyne (GDY) into GDYO can make GDYO a flatter surface, thus creating strong‐coupling WSe2/GDYO interfaces to improve the charge transfer efficiency and enhance the electrostatic doping effect. Besides, the WSe2/GDYO interfaces are confirmed to possess a higher junction barrier than that of the WSe2/GDY interfaces. This research proposes a brand‐new approach to building p–n junctions via charge trapping and the homojunction diode with a record‐highest rectification ratio of up to 106 is obtained.
Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory biomarkers positively correlate in plasma in the UK‐ADRC cohort
Authors: Foley Kate E. , Winder Zachary , Sudduth Tiffany L. , Martin Barbara J. , Nelson Peter T. , Jicha Gregory A. , Harp Jordan P. , Weekman Erica M. , Wilcock Donna M.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Protein‐based plasma assays provide hope for improving accessibility and specificity of molecular diagnostics to diagnose dementia.

METHODS

Plasma was obtained from participants (N = 837) in our community‐based University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center cohort. We evaluated six Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐ and neurodegeneration‐related (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, p‐tau181, total tau, and NfLight) and five inflammatory biomarkers (TNF𝛼, IL6, IL8, IL10, and GFAP) using the SIMOA‐based protein assay platform. Statistics were performed to assess correlations.

RESULTS

Our large cohort reflects previous plasma biomarker findings. Relationships between biomarkers to understand AD–inflammatory biomarker correlations showed significant associations between AD and inflammatory biomarkers suggesting peripheral inflammatory interactions with increasing AD pathology. Biomarker associations parsed out by clinical diagnosis (normal, MCI, and dementia) reveal changes in strength of the correlations across the cognitive continuum.

DISCUSSION

Unique AD–inflammatory biomarker correlations in a community‐based cohort reveal a new avenue for utilizing plasma‐based biomarkers in the assessment of AD and related dementias.

Highlights

Large community cohorts studying sex, age, and APOE genotype effects on biomarkers are few.

It is unknown how biomarker–biomarker associations vary through aging and dementia.

Six AD (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, p‐tau181, total tau, and NfLight) and five inflammatory biomarkers (TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL10, and GFAP) were used to examine associations between biomarkers.

Plasma biomarkers suggesting increasing cerebral AD pathology corresponded to increases in peripheral inflammatory markers, both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory.

Strength of correlations, between pairs of classic AD and inflammatory plasma biomarker, changes throughout cognitive progression to dementia.
Ultrafast Surface‐Specific Spectroscopy of Water at a Photoexcited TiO2 Model Water‐Splitting Photocatalyst
Authors: Backus Ellen H. G. , Hosseinpour Saman , Ramanan Charusheela , Sun Shumei , Schlegel Simon J. , Zelenka Moritz , Jia Xiaoyu , Gebhard Maximilian , Devi Anjana , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa
Published: November 2023

A critical step in photocatalytic water dissociation is the hole‐mediated oxidation reaction. Molecular‐level insights into the mechanism of this complex reaction under realistic conditions with high temporal resolution are highly desirable. Here, we use femtosecond time‐resolved, surface‐specific vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to study the photo‐induced reaction directly at the interface of the photocatalyst TiO2 in contact with liquid water at room temperature. Thanks to the inherent surface specificity of the spectroscopic method, we can follow the reaction of solely the interfacial water molecules directly at the interface at timescales on which the reaction takes place. Following the generation of holes at the surface immediately after photoexcitation of the catalyst with UV light, water dissociation occurs on a sub‐20 ps timescale. The reaction mechanism is similar at pH 3 and 11. In both cases, we observe the conversion of H2O into Ti−OH groups and the deprotonation of pre‐existing Ti−OH groups. This study provides unique experimental insights into the early steps of the photo‐induced dissociation processes at the photocatalyst‐water interface, relevant to the design of improved photocatalysts.
‘It's a magnifying glass for your relationship’: a thematic analysis of motivations, benefits, and challenges in consensually non‐monogamous relationships
Authors: Codrington Rebecca , du Plooy Daniel R.
Published: November 2023

The last decade has seen an increase in public and academic interest in consensual non‐monogamy (CNM). CNM involves sexual and/or romantic relationships between multiple partners, with the consent of all individuals involved. Engagement in CNM is estimated at 5% of the general population, although due to stigma with the strong idealisation of monogamy in many cultures, it is a hidden population. This qualitative study explores the motivations, benefits, and challenges experienced in CNM relationships, an area that has been understudied despite the resurgence of interest in it. While previous research has mainly focused on comparisons between CNM and monogamy or individual types of CNM such as polyamory, this study seeks to provide a broader understanding of CNM relationships. We employ a critical realist framework and thematically analyse semi‐structured interviews with eight participants. The results identify three overarching themes: mononormativity and cultural norms; growth and responsibility; and diversity and complexity; each has several subthemes. These findings suggest that CNM provides opportunities for greater diversification of needs and increased community and individual growth. The study also highlights the challenges experienced in CNM relationships and the strategies used to manage them, such as personal responsibility for managing difficult emotions and temporarily closing a relationship at times for relationship security. A novel finding in this study is that some individuals involved in CNM have internalised cultural norms and the idealisation of monogamy and need to unlearn these norms. This study adds to the existing knowledge on CNM and is expected to be of interest to clinicians and researchers seeking to understand its motivations, benefits, and challenges. Relationship therapists will benefit from increased knowledge of how to work with clients interested or engaged in CNM relationships. Overall, this study supports previous findings that CNM is a viable, enjoyable, yet sometimes challenging type of relationship.
Statistics of sudden stratospheric warmings using a large model ensemble
Authors: Ineson Sarah , Dunstone Nick J. , Scaife Adam A. , Andrews Martin B. , Lockwood Julia F. , Pang Bo
Published: November 2023

Using a large ensemble of initialised retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) from a seasonal prediction system, we explore various statistics relating to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Observations show that SSWs occur at a similar frequency during both El Niño and La Niña northern hemisphere winters. This is contrary to expectation, as the stronger stratospheric polar vortex associated with La Niña years might be expected to result in fewer of these extreme breakdowns. Here we show that this similar frequency may have occurred by chance due to the limited sample of years in the observational record. We also show that in these hindcasts, winters with two SSWs, a rare event in the observational record, on average have an increased surface impact. Multiple SSW events occur at a lower rate than expected if events were independent but somewhat surprisingly, our analysis also indicates a risk, albeit small, of winters with three or more SSWs, as yet an unseen event.
Environmental factor reversibly determines cellular identity through opposing Integrators that unify epigenetic and transcriptional pathways
Authors: Takahashi Hiroki , Ito Ryo , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Sakai Juro
Published: November 2023

Organisms must adapt to environmental stresses to ensure their survival and prosperity. Different types of stresses, including thermal, mechanical, and hypoxic stresses, can alter the cellular state that accompanies changes in gene expression but not the cellular identity determined by a chromatin state that remains stable throughout life. Some tissues, such as adipose tissue, demonstrate remarkable plasticity and adaptability in response to environmental cues, enabling reversible cellular identity changes; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. We hypothesized that positive and/or negative “Integrators” sense environmental cues and coordinate the epigenetic and transcriptional pathways required for changes in cellular identity. Adverse environmental factors such as pollution disrupt the coordinated control contributing to disease development. Further research based on this hypothesis will reveal how organisms adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, such as temperature, extracellular matrix stiffness, oxygen, cytokines, and hormonal cues by changing their cellular identities.
Accelerating wound healing: Unveiling synergistic effects of P25/SWCNT/Ag and P25/rGO/Ag nanocomposites within PRP‐gelatin scaffold, highlighting the synergistic antimicrobial activity
Authors: Gomaa Salma , Elkodous Mohamed Abd , EL‐Sayed Abeer I. M. , Tohamy Hossam , Abou‐Ahmed Howaida , Abdelwahed Ramadan , Elkhenany Hoda
Published: November 2023

Wound healing is a multifaceted biological process requiring innovative strategies to enhance efficiency and counter infections. In this groundbreaking study, we investigate the regenerative potential of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) integrated into a gelatin (GLT) scaffold along with nanocomposites of titanium dioxide (TiO2) (P25)/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/Ag and P25/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ag. Incorporating these advanced materials into the PRP/GLT delivery system aims to optimize the controlled release of growth factors (GFs) and leverage the exceptional properties of nanomaterials for enhanced tissue repair and wound healing outcomes. Antioxidant activity assessment using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity reveals the superior performance of P25/SWCNTs/Ag compared to P25/rGO/Ag. Their synergistic effects are evaluated in conjunction with antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics. Furthermore, the wound healing potential of P25/SWCNTs/Ag and P25/rGO/Ag, combined with PRP/GLT, is examined. Notably, both nanocomposites exhibit promising synergistic effects with gentamicin and fluconazole against pathogenic strains. Significantly, the inclusion of non‐activated PRP substantially augments the wound healing efficacy of P25/SWCNTs/Ag on days 3 (p < 0.01) and 15 (p < 0.05). These findings pave the way for advanced wound dressing and therapeutic interventions, capitalizing on the synergistic effects of PRP and nanomaterials, thus ultimately benefiting patients and advancing regenerative medicine.
Inclusive business for rural development: New typology and differentiated value creation in the agri‐food sector
Authors: Weng Xiaoxue , Schoneveld George C. , Pokorny Benno , Mutayoba Geofrey , Fold Niels , Gallagher Emily J. , Ezekiel Edward , van der Haar Selma
Published: November 2023

Inclusive businesses (IBs) resonate with policymakers seeking to leverage private capital in support of poverty alleviation and sustainable development. In the agri‐food sector, which represents the largest segment of the base‐of‐the‐pyramid (BOP) market and a key source of livelihood for the rural poor, there is limited evidence on their diversity and social value creation mechanisms. This prevents practitioners from identifying impactful IB types and design features. A statistical analysis of 46 cases in Tanzania and Ghana identified four IB types: (1) self‐reliant agribusinesses, (2) domestic plantation companies, (3) social enterprises, and (4) locally‐embedded Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Our findings suggest that socially‐driven and localized IBs hold high impact potential but require significant external support, while more self‐sufficient IBs adopt less socially innovative designs. This study demonstrates the utility of a data‐driven approach to capture the complexity of real‐world IBs, which yielded practical insights for more effective poverty alleviation through business means.
Increased STX3 transcript and protein levels were associated with poor prognosis in two independent cohorts of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Shinozuka Takahiro , Kanda Mitsuro , Sato Yusuke , Shimizu Dai , Tanaka Chie , Umeda Shinichi , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Hattori Norifumi , Hayashi Masamichi , Nakayama Goro , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: November 2023

Background

Some conventional prognostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have the disadvantage that they have only been investigated at the level of either mRNA or protein levels or only in individual cohorts. Associations between Syntaxin 3 (STX3) expression and malignancy have been reported in several tumor types but not in ESCC. Here, we investigated the levels of both STX3 mRNA and protein, and its prognostic potential in two independent cohorts of patients with ESCC.

Methods

STX3 mRNA levels were examined in surgical specimens by quantitative PCR in a cohort that included 176 ESCC patients. STX3 protein levels were investigated in surgically resected ESCC tissues by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays in a different cohort of 177 ESCC patients. Correlations were analyzed between the expression of STX3 mRNA and protein with clinicopathological factors and long‐term prognosis.

Results

Quantitative PCR indicated a significant association between high level of STX3 mRNA expression and lymph node involvement, pathological stage, and poor overall survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that high STX3 mRNA expression was independently associated with poor overall survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that STX3 protein expression in ESCC tissues and high STX3 protein expression were also significantly correlated with unfavorable overall survival.

Conclusions

Overexpression of STX3 mRNA and protein may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for ESCC patients.
New Facts on the Antimicrobial Essential Oil of Satureja kitaibelii
Authors: Dimitrijević Marija V. , Miladinović Ljiljana C. , Marković Marija S. , Arsić Biljana , Mihajilov‐Krstev Tatjana M. , Miladinović Dragoljub L.
Published: November 2023

The objective of the present study was to assess the difference in antimicrobial activity of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. essential oil at three growth stages. In addition, using statistical and chemometric tools, we tried to explain why the essential oil from a certain vegetation stage shows the highest antimicrobial activity. S. kitaibelii essential oils demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration values from 160 to 10000 μg mL−1, and minimum microbicidal concentration values from 630 to 20000 μg mL−1. Geraniol, borneol, limonene and p‐cymene are the dominant compounds of S. kitaibelii essential oil. The most abundant compound, geraniol, possesses antimicrobial activity in a range of MIC values from 40 to 5000 μg mL−1 and MMC values from 80 to 10000 μg mL−1. The highest activity of essential oil for all tested strains of microorganisms was recorded in November. Results of statistical analysis indicate that the percentage of dominant compounds of essential oils does not affect the antibacterial activity of essential oils. Chemometric analyses leads to the conclusion that borneol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and limonene can be the main contributors to the antibacterial activity of essential oil from November and that their mutual ratio is important. These results may represent a new methodological approach for future research on essential oils.
Assessing the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Pentapleura subulifera and Cyclotrichium glabrescens Extracts
Authors: Nilofar Nilofar , Zengin Gokhan , Acar Mikail , Bouyayha Abdelhakim , Youssra Aalilou , Eldahshan Omayma , Fayez Shaimaa , Fahmy Nouran
Published: November 2023

The Lamiaceae family, encompassing diverse plant species, holds significant value in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Within this family, Pentapleura subulifera and Cyclotrichium glabrescens, relatively unexplored species, were investigated for their chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme‐inhibiting effects. The chemical composition of hexane, methanolic, and aqueous extracts from P. subulifera and C. glabrescens were analyzed using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and the non‐polar hexane fraction was investigated via GC‐MS. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined through radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating assays. Additionally, inhibitory activity against six enzymes – acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase – was examined. The aqueous extract of P. subulifera and the methanolic extract of C. glabrescens exhibited elevated phenolic content at 129.47 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 55.97 mg GAE/g, respectively. Chemical profiling of the constituents of the two plant species resulted in the identification of a total of twenty compounds. The majority of which belonged to flavonoids and quinic acid derivatives, primarily concentrated in the methanol and aqueous extracts. Among all antioxidant assays, the aqueous extracts of P. subulifera demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, with the highest recorded activity of 404.93 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g in the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test. Meanwhile, the hexane extract of C. glabrescens exhibited the highest AChE inhibitory activity at 2.71 mg galanthamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, followed by the methanol extract of P. subulifera at 2.41 mg GALAE/g. These findings unequivocally establish the notable antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of P. subulifera and C. glabrescens extracts, underscoring their potential as a source of valuable natural antioxidants.
Modeling of Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Nanofluid
Authors: Godiwal Rishabh , Mandal Monisha Mridha
Published: November 2023

Nanofluid flow in porous media was modeled for enhanced oil recovery. The effects of parameters such as the matrix porosity, nanoparticles, and diffusion coefficients on the oil recovery factor were reported. The velocity, temperature, and oil saturation contours were examined. The study showed that the oil recovery and heat transfer were enhanced by the use of a nanofluid. A 30 % and 10 % increase in the oil recovery factor were found using the Al2O3‐water nanofluid as compared to water and the polystyrene‐water nanofluid, respectively. The temperature in the porous matrix was significantly reduced by the Al2O3‐water nanofluid as compared to the polystyrene‐water nanofluid and water. In the future, this model could be used to screen the performance of other chemical agents and eventually lead to a more efficient and sustainable oil extraction process.
Radical‐Formation Management: Towards Aza‐Analogues of the Benzothioxanthene Imide
Authors: Sánchez Darío Puchán , Josse Pierre , Mutovska Monika G. , Siegler Benjamin , Allain Magali , Morice Korentin , Blanchard Philippe , Gohier Frédéric , Le Bahers Tangui , Monnereau Cyrille , Zagranyarski Yulian , Lungerich Dominik , Cabanetos Clément
Published: November 2023

While benzothioxanthene imide (BTI) has shown promise in organic electronics and more recently in photodynamic therapy, its full potential remains yet undiscovered. In this context, this study repots the synthesis and characterization of aza derivatives in which the characteristic sulfur atom is replaced by an amino group. Adapted from the synthetic route of the BTI, a way was found to control the electronic structure of the radical intermediates, by means of a simple chemical modification. As a result, either the thermodynamically six‐membered or the kinetically favored five‐membered ring regioisomers can selectively be accessed. Photophysical rationalization of their structure‐property relationships confirmed the richness, versatility and tunability of this class of rylene imide‐based dyes.
Dimerization and Crowding in the Binding of Interleukin 8 to Dendritic Glycosaminoglycans as Artificial Proteoglycans
Authors: Dürig Jan‐Niklas , Schulze Christian , Bosse Mathias , Penk Anja , Huster Daniel , Keller Sandro , Rademann Jörg
Published: November 2023

The interactions of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with proteins of the extracellular matrix govern and regulate complex physiological functions including cellular growth, immune response, and inflammation. Repetitive presentation of GAG binding motifs, as found in native proteoglycans, might enhance GAG‐protein binding through multivalent interactions. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of dendritic GAG oligomers constructed of nonasulfated hyaluronan tetrasaccharides for investigating the binding of the protein chemokine interleukin 8 (IL‐8) to artificial, well‐defined proteoglycan architectures. Binding of mutant monomeric and native dimerizable IL‐8 was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. Dendritic oligomerization of GAG increased the binding affinity of both monomeric and dimeric IL‐8. Monomeric IL‐8 bound to monomeric and dimeric GAG with KD values of 7.3 and 0.108 μM, respectively. The effect was less pronounced for dimerizable wild‐type IL‐8, for which GAG dimerization improved the affinity from 34 to 5 nM. Binding of dimeric IL‐8 to oligomeric GAG was limited by steric crowding effects, strongly reducing the affinity of subsequent binding events. In conclusion, the strongest effect of GAG oligomerization was the amplified binding of IL‐8 monomers, which might concentrate monomeric protein in the extracellular matrix and thus promote protein dimerization under physiological conditions.
Synthesis of 3‐Phenylserine by a Two‐enzyme Cascade System with PLP Cofactor
Authors: Xu Mengjiao , Tan Zhuotao , Qi Siyu , Na Qi , Zhang Xiaowang , Zhuang Wei , Zhu Chenjie , Ying Hanjie , Shen Tao
Published: November 2023

A two‐enzyme cascade system containing ω‐transaminase (ω‐TA) and L‐threonine aldolase (L‐ThA) was reported for the synthesis of 3‐Phenylserine starting from benzylamine, and PLP was utilized as the only cofactor in these both two enzymes reaction system. Based on the transamination results, benzylamine was optimized as an advantageous amino donor as confirmed by MD simulation results. This cascade reaction system could not only facilitate the in situ removal of the co‐product benzaldehyde, enhancing the economic viability of the reaction, but also establish a novel pathway for synthesizing high‐value phenyl‐serine derivatives. In our study, nearly 95 % of benzylamine was converted, yielding over 54 % of 3‐Phenylserine under the optimized conditions cascade reaction.
Tumor Targeted Cuprous‐Based Nanocomposite as Responsive Cascade Nanocatalyst for Efficient Tumor Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Gao Weihua , Zhang Jie , Ding Lina , Chang Yi , Gao Fangli , Yang Pengfei , Ma Xiaoming , Guo Yuming
Published: November 2023

The single‐functionality of traditional chemodynamic therapy (CDT) reagents usually limits the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment. Synergistic nanocomposites that involve cascade reaction provide a promising strategy to achieve satisfactory anticancer effects. Herein, a cuprous‐based nanocomposite (CCS@GOx@HA) is fabricated, which owns the tumor targeting ability and can undergo tumor microenvironment responsive cascade reaction to enhance the tumor therapeutic efficiency significantly. Surface modification of nanocomposite with hyaluronic acid enables the targeted delivery of the nanocomposite to cancer cells. Acid‐triggered decomposition of nanocomposite in cancer cell results in the release of Cu+, Se2− and GOx. The Cu+ improves the Fenton‐like reaction with endogenous H2O2 to generate highly toxic • OH for CDT. While GOx can not only catalyze the in situ generation of endogenous H2O2, but also accelerate the consumption of intratumoral glucose to reduce nutrient supply in tumor site. In addition, Se2− further improves the therapeutic effects of CDT by upregulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. Meanwhile, the surface modification endows the nanocomposite the good water dispersibility and biocompatibility. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate satisfactory anti‐cancer therapeutic performance by the synergistic cascade function of CCS@GOx@HA than CDT alone.
Porous Carbon Foam with Carbon Nanotubes as Cathode for Li−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Ji Xu , Liu Yang , Zhang Zhuxi , Cui Jiabao , Fan Yangyang , Qiao Yun
Published: November 2023

With the extensive use of fossil fuels, the ever‐increasing greenhouse gas of mainly carbon dioxide emissions will result in global climate change. It is of utmost importance to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and its utilization. Li−CO2 batteries can convert carbon dioxide into electrochemical energy. However, developing efficient catalysts for the decomposition of Li2CO3 as the discharge product represents a challenge in Li−CO2 batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a carbon foam composite with growing carbon nanotube by using cobalt as the catalyst, showing the ability to enhance the decomposition rate of Li2CO3, and thus improve the electrochemical performance of Li−CO2 batteries. Benefiting from its abundant pore structure and catalytic sites, the as‐assembled Li−CO2 battery exhibits a desirable overpotential of 1.67 V after 50 cycles. Moreover, the overpotentials are 1.05 and 2.38 V at current densities of 0.02 and 0.20 mA cm−2, respectively. These results provide a new avenue for the development of efficient catalysts for Li−CO2 batteries.
Unveiling the Anomaly of Reduction of Carborane‐bis‐silylene‐Stabilised Silylone/Germylone Leading to Unusual Oxidation of Si0/Ge0 to SiI/GeI with EDA‐NOCV Analyses
Authors: Suthar Sonam , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: November 2023

Researchers have successfully isolated Si0/Ge0 species, termed silylone and germylone, with two lone pairs of electrons on them. These elusive compounds have been stabilised in singlet ground states by using different donor base ligands. Driess et al. in particular have made strides in this area, isolating carborane‐bis‐silylene‐stabilised silylone/germylone and their N+/Pb analogues. Carborane (C2B10H10) plays a pivotal role as a redox‐active ligand, converting from closo‐carborane to nido‐carborane with the addition of two electrons. Notably, anomalous oxidation of Si0/Ge0 centres in carborane‐bis‐silylene‐stabilised species to SiI/GeI has been reported, resulting in the formation of dimeric SiI−SiI/GeI−GeI di‐cationic units. The energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV) study focuses on the carborane‐bis‐silylene ligand in the free state, and its three other species, including silylone/germylone species. Interestingly, it reveals that the carborane unit in an anionic doublet state tends to form one electron‐sharing bond and one dative bond with the counter fragment in its cationic doublet state. This helps us to rationalise why the carborane unit undergoes intramolecular electronic rearrangements leading to the formation of a di‐anionic carborane unit with a significantly elongated C−C bond (2.38–2.68 Å) and undergoes unusual oxidation of Si0/Ge0 to SiI/GeI.
Supramolecular Polymer Network based on Electrophilic Substitution (ES) Adduct of Furan‐Triazolinedione
Authors: Pal Tuhin Subhra , Mondal Prantik , Kundu Niloy , Chakraborty Swadhin , Ganguly Debabrata , Singha Nikhil K.
Published: November 2023

Polymers with furan functionality have been the subject of extensive research on developing sustainable materials applying a limited number of dynamic covalent approaches. Herein, we introduce a facile, dynamic non‐covalent approach to make a furan polymer readily accessible for self‐healing applications based on its electrophilic substitution (ES) with a commercially available 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD) derivative, 4‐phenyl‐TAD (PTAD). A tailor‐made furan polymer, poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA), considering it an initial illustrative example, was rapidly ES modified with PTAD to produce furfuryl‐tagged triazolidine that subsequently associated via inter‐molecular hydrogen (H−) bonding to produce a thermally reversible supramolecular polymer network under ambient conditions. The H‐bonded network was experimentally quantified via ATR‐IR analysis and theoretically rationalized via the density functional theory (DFT) study using smaller organic model compounds analogous to the macromolecular system. Thermoreversible feature of the H‐bonded triazolidine‐derived supramolecular polymer network enabled the solution reprocessing and self‐healing of the polymer material.
Solid‐State Generation of Diarylisonaphthofuran and Its Mechanochemical Diels–Alder Reaction with Epoxynaphthalene
Authors: Wada Yoshifumi , Tsuchihashi Keidai , Kanzaki Masayoshi , Hamura Toshiyuki
Published: November 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Toshiyuki Hamura and co‐workers at Kwansei Gakuin University. The image depicts solid‐state generation of diarylisonaphthofuran from 1,3‐diaryl‐1,3‐dihydronaphthofuranol and its mechanochemical Diels–Alder reaction with epoxynaphthalene. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302660.
Impact of an automated, remote monitoring and coaching intervention in reducing hospice cancer family caregiving burden: A multisite randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mooney Kathi H. , Coombs Lorinda A. , Whisenant Meagan S. , Wilson Christina M. , Moraitis Ann Marie , Steinbach Mary N. , Sloss Elizabeth A. , Lloyd Jennifer L. E. , Alekhina Natalya , Berry Patricia H. , Kang Youjeong , Iacob Eli , Donaldson Gary W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Care for those with life‐limiting cancer heavily involves family caregivers who may experience significant physical and emotional burden. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of Symptom Care at Home (SCH), an automated digital family caregiver coaching intervention, during home hospice, when compared to usual hospice care (UC) on the primary outcome of overall caregiver burden. Secondary outcomes included Caregiver Burden at weeks 1 and 8, Mood and Vitality subscales, overall moderate‐to‐severe caregiving symptoms, and sixth month spouse/partner bereavement outcomes.

Methods

Using a randomized, multisite, nonblinded controlled trial, 332 cancer family caregivers were enrolled and analyzed (159 SCH vs. 173 UC). Caregivers were primarily White (92%), female (69%), and spouse caregivers (53%). Caregivers provided daily reports on severity levels (0–10 scale) for their anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, disturbed sleep, and caregiving interference with normal activities. These scores combined constituted the Caregiver Burden primary outcome. Based on reported symptoms, SCH caregivers received automated, tailored coaching about improving their well‐being. Reports of moderate‐to‐severe caregiving symptoms also triggered hospice nurse notification. Secondary outcomes of Mood and Vitality were subcomponents of the Caregiver Burden score. A combined bereavement adjustment tool captured sixth month bereavement.

Results

The SCH intervention reduced overall Caregiver Burden compared to UC (p < .001), with a 38% reduction at 8 weeks and a medium‐to‐large effect size (d = .61). SCH caregivers experienced less (p < .001) disruption in both Mood and Vitality. There were higher levels of moderate‐to‐severe caregiving symptoms overtime in UC (OR, 2.722). All SCH caregivers benefited regardless of caregiver: sex, caregiver relationship, age, patient diagnosis and family income. SCH spouse/partner caregivers achieved better sixth month bereavement adjustment than UC (p < .007).

Conclusions

The SCH intervention significantly decreased caregiving burden over UC and supports the maintenance of family caregiver mood and vitality throughout caregiving with extended benefit into bereavement.
Female and preserved platelet count subgroups of myelodysplastic syndrome patients benefit from standard‐dose azacitidine
Authors: Ogawa Shinichi , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Matsuoka Ryota , Ishitsuka Kantaro , Ogino Yasuko , Sootome Ayano , Makishima Kenichi , Yoshida Chikashi , Ito Yufu , Shimizu Seiichi , Suyama Takuya , Shinagawa Atsushi , Ito Takayoshi , Obara Naoshi , Kusakabe Manabu , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Miyazaki Yasushi , Nannya Yasuhito , Chiba Shigeru
Published: November 2023

Background

Hypomethylating agents, including azacytidine (AZA), are standard therapeutics for patients with high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of myeloid neoplasms. However, treatment schedules are not unified in real‐world practice; in addition to the standard 7‐day (standard‐dose) schedule, shortened (reduced‐dose) schedules are also used.

Aims

The aim of this study was to discover the patient group(s) which show differential efficacy between standard‐and reduced‐dose AZA to MDS.

Methods and Results

The outcome of different AZA doses in a cohort of 151 MDS patients were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between standard‐ and reduced‐dose AZA groups by multivariate analysis. However, an interaction was found between either the sex (female vs. male), the platelet counts (< 40 × 103/μl vs. ≥ 40 × 103/μl), or the karyotype risk (< poor vs. ≥ poor) and standard‐dose AZA for longer OS. Subgroup analyses revealed better OS with standard‐ over reduced‐dose AZA in female patients (HR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.090‐0.79]; p = 0.011), and those with platelet counts ≥ 40 × 103/μl (HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.26‐0.99]; p = 0.041). The union of female and preserved platelet count subgroups also benefited from standard‐dose AZA. With this as a test cohort, we next analyzed patients registered in the JALSG MDS212 study, for whom 7‐day and 5‐day AZA treatment strategies were prospectively compared, as a validation cohort (N = 172). That cohort showed the same tendency as the retrospective results.

Conclusion

We identified the union of female and preserved platelet count subgroups which benefited from standard‐dose AZA, imparting crucial information to physicians planning treatment regimens in MDS patients.
Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery
Authors: Zhao Xing , Guo Yongquan , Lu Shuo , Hui Yuzheng , Yin Linhan , Yang Zhenyu , Li Baorang , Guo Xinpeng , Wang Xinqiao
Published: November 2023

The advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery should have low melting point, low ionic solubility, low viscosity, high electric and thermal conductivities, and a suitable density between anode and cathode for declining the operating temperature and realizing the goal of saving‐energy. In this study, an excellent quaternary LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI (9.1 : 30.0 : 21.7 : 39.2) electrolyte is refined by using thermodynamic models to balance various properties of LiX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and meet the requirement of advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery. The refined properties of electrolyte correspond to 2.398 g/cm3 for density, 0.286 mol% for solubility, 4.486 Ohm−1 cm−1 for ionic conductivity, and 0.609 W m−1 for thermal conductivity. The measured melting point is 609.1 K, which is lower than the current operating temperature of 723 K for the lithium‐based liquid metal battery. The refined electrolyte consisted by quaternary halide molten‐salt provides important references for preparing the advanced liquid metal battery.
Energy analysis using semi‐Markov modeling for the base station in 5G networks
Authors: Aggarwal Anisha , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja
Published: November 2023

With the increasing prevalence of wireless sensor networks, the uninterrupted operation of these networks becomes essential. To ensure continuous functionality, wireless networks rely on available base stations (BSs). However, the persistent operation of BSs comes at the cost of substantial energy consumption. Consequently, given the surge in wireless network traffic and the necessity for uninterrupted BS availability, energy efficiency within the BS becomes a concerning issue. To address this, the study employs a semi‐Markov model to depict the availability of the BS, with states corresponding to the failures of its components (baseband unit, remote unit, and software module). The analysis yields a steady‐state solution, with reward rates assigned to each state based on the energy consumption of individual BS components. This approach enables the determination of the expected energy consumption within this model. Additionally, the BS's throughput is assessed using an M/G/1 queueing model with server breakdown.