bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVOKE-01: A phase 3 study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) versus docetaxel in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progressing on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors.
Authors: Garassino Marina Chiara , Reznick Douglas , Liu Steven Y. , Reinmuth Niels , Girard Nicolas , de Marinis Filippo , Mekan Sabeen Fatima , Patel Riddhi , Ding Michelle , Paz-Ares Luis
Published: June 2022

TPS9149

Background: Single-agent chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, is the standard of care in patients with metastatic NSCLC who progressed on platinum-based therapy and checkpoint inhibitors. However, docetaxel is associated with poor survival (median overall survival [OS] of < 1 year); thus, novel agents are needed to further improve outcomes in this setting. SG is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti–Trop-2 antibody coupled to the cytotoxic SN-38 payload via a proprietary, hydrolyzable linker. In a single-arm expansion of the phase 1/2 IMMU-132-01 basket study of advanced epithelial cancers (NCT01631552), SG demonstrated an objective response rate (ORR) of 17% and median OS of 9.5 months, with a manageable safety profile in 54 patients with metastatic NSCLC who had multiple prior therapies (Heist RS, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2017). EVOKE-01 randomized phase 3 study was designed to further evaluate SG in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Methods: EVOKE-01 (NCT05089734) is an open-label, global, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study comparing the efficacy and safety of SG vs docetaxel in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Key eligibility criteria include age ≥18 years, pathologically documented stage IV NSCLC at time of study entry, and progression after platinum-based chemotherapy and anti-PD(L)1 therapy given either in combination or sequentially. Patients with EGFR, ALK, or other known actionable genomic alterations must have also received treatment with ≥1 approved appropriate TKI. Other inclusion criteria are ECOG performance status 0-1 and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. Patients with prior treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors are excluded. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive intravenous SG (10 mg/kg on day 1 and 8) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 on day 1) in 21-day cycles until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Stratification is based on predominant histology (squamous vs nonsquamous), best response to prior immune therapy (PD/SD vs CR/PR), and prior therapy for actionable genomic alteration (yes vs no). The primary endpoint is OS. Key secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, ORR, duration of response, and disease control rate, as assessed by investigator RECIST v1.1, mean change from baseline in NSCLC-SAQ total score and shortness of breath, and safety. This study plans to enroll ̃520 patients globally and is open for recruitment. Clinical trial information: NCT05089734.
ATTAC-MCC: Phase I/II study of autologous CD8+ and CD4+ transgenic T cells expressing a high affinity MCPyV-specific TCR combined with checkpoint inhibitors and class I MHC-upregulation in patients with metastatic MCC refractory to PD-1 axis blockade.
Authors: Veatch Joshua , Akkiraju Ananth , Darwanto Agus , Garrity Sean , Hallet Damien , Nguyen Kim , Pierog Piotr , Sewastianik Tomasz , Vallaster Markus P , Vincent Loic , Chapuis Aude
Published: June 2022

TPS9596

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer, with an incidence that has doubled in the last 20 years to approximately 3000 cases/year in the US. Over one-third of patients will develop widespread disease, and survival in these patients has been historically poor with a 5-year survival rate of < 10%. MCC is highly immune-sensitive due to the antigenicity of the cancer-causing Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) expressed in most MCC tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-(L)1 axis show promising efficacy, most MCC patients will eventually relapse. There is no standard of care for patients that become refractory to ICIs. We hypothesize that cellular immune therapies targeting MCPyV may provide additional clinical benefit to these patients. To test this, we have engineered high-affinity TCR T cells against MCPyV and initiated a clinical trial. Methods: NCT03747484 is an ongoing phase I/II, open label, investigator-initiated trial (IIT) of FH-MCVA2TCR in combination with an anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitor and an agent to upregulate MHC-I expression on tumor cells. The trial is conducted in patients aged 18 years or older with metastatic or unresectable, histologically confirmed virus-positive MCC whose disease has progressed on or after treatment with a PD-(L)1 axis checkpoint inhibitor. Patients undergo leukapheresis to collect white blood cells (WBCs) for TCR T cell product manufacturing. The cell product is administered on day 0. Patients receive an agent to upregulate MHC-I on tumor cells and continue on an anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitor for up to one year. In phase I, three patients receive up to two infusions of dose level 1 of the T cell product. The primary objectives of phase I are to determine safety and tolerability based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) during an observation period of 28 days after the first infusion. Phase II enrolls patients at dose level 2. The total sample size of phase II is 12 patients. The first three patients are enrolled in a staggered manner and observed for DLTs. If no DLTs occur, the remaining sample size is accrued in open enrollment. The main objectives of phase II are safety based on number of adverse events and preliminary efficacy based on tumor response according to RECISTv1.1 and iRECIST. Secondary/exploratory objectives include cellular kinetics of TCR T cells, T cell phenotype, tumor infiltration kinetics, and MHC-I expression dynamics over time. After the first 12 months, patients transition to a long-term follow-up (LTFU) study for up to 15 years as per FDA guidelines. Clinical trial information: NCT03747484.
Evaluating the impact of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis on the microbiome in patients with cutaneous malignancy.
Authors: Cass Samuel , Witt Russell G. , Meng Xialong , Sahasrabhojane Pranoti , Bassett Roland L. , Shelburne Samuel , Chang Hsiu Yin , Somaiya Kinjal , Mungovan Kristi , Fisher Sarah B. , Lucci Anthony , Lee Jeffrey Edwin , Ross Merrick I. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Duncan Sheila , Ajami Nadim J. , Roland Christina Lynn , Wargo Jennifer Ann , Keung Emily Zhi-Yun
Published: June 2022

TPS9602

Background: Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). However, the rate of SSIs following surgical procedures classified as clean is only 2-3%. Overuse of antibiotics is associated with several potential adverse effects, including dysregulation of the gut microbiome. Disruption of the composition and function of the native gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, has been implicated in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, as well as gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that antibiotics have a profound and persistent effect on the gut microbiota, as evidenced by diminished overall abundance and diversity, as well as alteration of community composition that includes a decreased relative abundance of bacteria in the Ruminococcaceae family. In melanoma, diversity of gut microbiota and relative abundance of Ruminococaceae have been linked to improved survival and enhanced response following immune checkpoint blockade. In this study, we seek to determine the impact of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic use on the gut microbiome in patients following surgery for stage I or II melanoma. Methods: In this non-comparative randomized pilot trial, the impact of prophylactic antibiotic use at the time of surgical intervention on gut microbiome diversity and composition will be studied. Patients diagnosed with clinical stage I or II melanoma undergoing wide excision with or without lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy are randomized 1:1 to either receive preoperative cefazolin or no preoperative antibiotics. Stool samples and peripheral blood are collected before surgery, the day of surgery (optional), on post-operative day 3 (optional), and 2 weeks and 3 months following surgery. The primary endpoint for the study is change in microbiome alpha diversity at 2 weeks following surgery. Secondary endpoints are change in relative abundance of microbes at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery and SSI rates according to whether or not prophylactic antibiotics were administered at time of surgery. Exclusion criteria include recent antibiotic use (within 3 months), allergy to beta-lactam or cephalosporin antibiotics, increased risk of infection due to medical comorbidity or use of immunosuppressive medication. Enrollment began in October 2021. As of January 2022, 22 of 30 patients have been accrued to ensure complete sample collection for 20 patients. Study findings may inform a larger trial evaluating interventions to mitigate antibiotic impact. Clinical trial information: NCT04875728.
MERLIN_001: A prospective registry study of a primary melanoma gene-signature to predict sentinel node (SN) status and determine its prognostic value for more accurate staging of patients with SN-negative melanoma.
Authors: Hieken Tina J. , Egger Michael Earl , Angeles Christina Vadala , Lowe Michael C. , Burke Erin E. , Bartlett Edmund , Hyngstrom John Robert , Sondak Vernon K.
Published: June 2022

TPS9606

Background: For patients with cutaneous melanoma, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides important staging and prognostic information that guides surveillance and adjuvant systemic therapy decisions. At most centers, SLNB is indicated for patients with cutaneous melanoma with at least a 5% risk of having nodal metastases, typically melanomas ≥ 0.8 mm in thickness or thinner lesions with high-risk features such as elevated mitotic rate and/or ulceration. SLNB, generally involving a separate incision, does carry a small but measurable risk of complications including seroma, infection and rarely lymphedema, and most patients have negative sentinel lymph nodes. Currently, there is an unmet clinical need to identify patients who may safely forgo SLNB due to a low (<5%) risk of nodal metastasis, who otherwise meet established criteria for SLNB. Previously, a model consisting of gene expression profile (GEP) of the primary tumor combined with clinicopathological features (CP) has been developed to identify melanoma patients with a low risk of having a positive SLNB. The model has also been validated in multiple retrospective studies. The aim of the MERLIN_001 registry study is to prospectively validate the CP-GEP model in an independent multicenter cohort of primary cutaneous melanoma patients who undergo SLNB for standard indications. Methods: In the next two years, a total of 10 centers across the US will enroll 2,340 patients with clinically node-negative cutaneous melanoma undergoing SLNB using current guideline indications and will follow these patients for 5 years (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04759781). Enrollment of patients started in September 2021 and 242 patients have been enrolled as of February 1, 2022. FFPE material from the initial melanoma biopsy will be used to assess the GEP of the primary melanoma. The CP-GEP probability scores will be expressed as a binary classification (Low Risk or High Risk for nodal metastasis) and will be compared to SLN pathology. Performance metrics for CP-GEP will be evaluated and will include: Negative Predictive Value, Positive Predictive Value, Sensitivity and Specificity, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Risk for nodal metastasis will be calculated for Low Risk and High Risk CP-GEP patients. Finally, the performance of CP-GEP to stratify patients according to risk of recurrence (local, regional, distant, death) will also be studied, since data will be collected for up to 5 yrs. Clinical trial information: NCT04759781.
Neo-adjuvant T-VEC plus nivolumab combination therapy for resectable early-stage or metastatic (IIIB-IVM1a) melanoma with injectable disease: The NIVEC trial.
Authors: Rohaan Maartje W. , Zijlker Lisanne P. , Stahlie Emma H.A. , Franke Viola , Wilgenhof Sofie , van der Noort Vincent , Van Akkooi Alexander Christopher Jonathan , Haanen John B. A. G.
Published: June 2022

TPS9607

Background: The prognosis of patients with melanoma is significantly correlated with disease stage and has greatly improved with the introduction of the currently approved therapies. Trials investigating neo-adjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown high pathologic response rates up to 25-80%, however, still a large group of patients derive no (durable) clinical benefit. Treatment with talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a modified herpes simplex virus type-1, is approved for patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma, with high and durable response rates and a mild toxicity profile. Earlier trials have suggested that T-VEC has the capacity to heighten the immune response and to elicit an abscopal effect in melanoma when given in combination with ICI. Combination ICI and intralesional T-VEC has already been investigated in patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IV disease, however, no data is available yet on the potential benefit of this combination therapy in neo-adjuvant setting. This is the first trial investigating the efficacy and safety of neo-adjuvant treatment of T-VEC in combination with nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody), followed by surgical resection in patients with resectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma, with the potential of high pathologic response rates and acceptable toxicity. Methods: In this single center, single arm, phase II study, a total of 24 patients ≥18 years of age and a good clinical performance score with treatment naïve, stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma (AJCC 8th edition) with injectable disease and resectable (sub)cutaneous satellite or in-transit metastases and/or tumor positive lymph nodes, will be included. Patients will receive four courses of T-VEC up to 4mL (first dose as seroconversion dose) and three doses of nivolumab (240mg flatdose) every two weeks, followed by surgical resection in week nine. The primary endpoint of this trial is pathologic response rate, with the aim to show a high major pathologic (near-complete or complete) response rate up to 45%. Secondary endpoints are safety according to CTCAE v5.0, the rate of delay of surgery and event free survival. Additionally, prognostic and predictive biomarker research and health-related quality of life evaluation will be performed. Enrollment started in June 2020 in the Netherlands Cancer Institute, with currently 13 of the 24 planned patients treated. Clinical trial information: NCT04330430.
Circulating Tumor Cells for the Staging of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Garcés Juan-Jose , Cedena Maria-Teresa , Puig Noemi , Burgos Leire , Perez Jose J. , Cordon Lourdes , Flores-Montero Juan , Sanoja-Flores Luzalba , Calasanz Maria-Jose , Ortiol Albert , Blanchard María-Jesús , Rios Rafael , Martin Jesus , Martínez-Martinez Rafael , Bargay Joan , Sureda Anna , de la Rubia Javier , Hernandez Miguel-Teodoro , Rodriguez-Otero Paula , de la Cruz Javier , Orfao Alberto , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Lahuerta Juan-Jose , Rosiñol Laura , Blade Joan , San-Miguel Jesus F. , Paiva Bruno
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) may show patchy bone marrow (BM) infiltration and extramedullary disease. Notwithstanding, quantification of plasma cells (PCs) continues to be performed in BM since the clinical translation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) remains undefined.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

CTCs were measured in peripheral blood (PB) of 374 patients with newly diagnosed MM enrolled in the GEM2012MENOS65 and GEM2014MAIN trials. Treatment included bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone induction followed by autologous transplant, consolidation, and maintenance. Next-generation flow cytometry was used to evaluate CTCs in PB at diagnosis and measurable residual disease (MRD) in BM throughout treatment.

RESULTS

CTCs were detected in 92% (344 of 374) of patients with newly diagnosed MM. The correlation between the percentages of CTCs and BM PCs was modest. Increasing logarithmic percentages of CTCs were associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS). A cutoff of 0.01% CTCs showed an independent prognostic value (hazard ratio: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1; P = .001) in multivariable PFS analysis including the International Staging System, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and cytogenetics. The combination of the four prognostic factors significantly improved risk stratification. Outcomes according to the percentage of CTCs and depth of response to treatment showed that patients with undetectable CTCs had exceptional PFS regardless of complete remission and MRD status. In all other cases with detectable CTCs, only achieving MRD negativity (and not complete remission) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in PFS.

CONCLUSION

Evaluation of CTCs in PB outperformed quantification of BM PCs. The detection of ≥ 0.01% CTCs could be a new risk factor in novel staging systems for patients with transplant-eligible MM.
Cell-Free Tumor DNA Dominant Clone Allele Frequency Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Cancers Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano , Majeed Umair , Yin Jun , Botrus Gehan , Sonbol Mohamad Bassam , Ahn Daniel H. , Starr Jason S. , Jones Jeremy C. , Babiker Hani , Inabinett Samantha R. , Wylie Natasha , Boyle Ashton W.R. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Gores Gregory J. , Smoot Rory , Barrett Michael , Nagalo Bolni , Meurice Nathalie , Elliott Natalie , Petit Joachim , Zhou Yumei , Arora Mansi , Dumbauld Chelsae , Barro Oumar , Baker Alexander , Bogenberger James , Buetow Kenneth , Mansfield Aaron , Mody Kabir , Borad Mitesh J.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

This investigation sought to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTCs) treated with platinum-based first-line chemotherapy treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective analysis of 67 patients who underwent ctDNA testing before platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment for metastatic BTC. For analysis, we considered the detected gene with highest variant allele frequency as the dominant clone allele frequency (DCAF). Results of ctDNA analysis were correlated with patients' demographics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

The median age of patients was 67 (27-90) years. Fifty-four (80.6%) of 67 patients evaluated had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; seven had extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and six gallbladder cancers. Forty-six (68.6%) of the patients were treated with cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and 16.4% of patients received gemcitabine and other platinum (carboplatin or oxaliplatin) combinations, whereas 15% of patients were treated on a clinical trial with gemcitabine and cisplatin plus additional agents (CX4945, PEGPH20, or nab-paclitaxel). TP53, KRAS, FGFR2, ARID1A, STK11, and IDH1 were the genes with highest frequency as DCAF. The median DCAF was 3% (0%-97%). DCAF > 3% was associated with worse OS (median OS: 10.8 v 18.8 months, P = .032). Stratifying DCAF in quartiles, DCAF > 10% was significantly related to worse PFS (median PFS: 3 months, P = .014) and worse OS (median OS: 7.0 months, P = .001). Each 1% increase in ctDNA was associated with a hazard ratio of 13.1 in OS when adjusting for subtypes, metastatic sites, size of largest tumor, age, sex, and CA19-9.

CONCLUSION

DCAF at diagnosis of advanced BTC can stratify patients who have worse outcomes when treated with upfront platinum-based chemotherapy. Each increase in %ctDNA decreases survival probabilities.
Germline Variant Spectrum Among African American Men Undergoing Prostate Cancer Germline Testing: Need for Equity in Genetic Testing
Authors: Giri Veda N. , Hartman Rebecca , Pritzlaff Mary , Horton Carrie , Keith Scott W.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Guidelines for prostate cancer (PCA) germline testing (GT) have expanded, with impact on clinical management and hereditary cancer assessment. African American (AA) men have lower engagement in GT, with concern for widening disparities in genetically informed care. We evaluated the germline spectrum in a cohort of men with PCA enriched for AA men who underwent GT to inform tailored genetic evaluation strategies.

METHODS

Participants included AA and White men with PCA tested with a 14-gene PCA panel: ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, EPCAM, HOXB13, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, RAD51D, and TP53. Germline analysis was performed per standard clinical testing and variant classification protocols. Data were compared with Fisher's exact, chi-squared, or two sample t-tests, as appropriate. Multivariable analysis was conducted using Akaike's Information Criterion. The significance level was set a priori at .05.

RESULTS

The data set included 427 men all tested using the 14-gene PCA panel: AA (n = 237, 56%) and White (n = 190, 44%). Overall, the pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant rate was 8.2%, with AA men having lower rates of P/LP variants then White men (5.91% v 11.05%, respectively; P = .05). Borderline associations with P/LP variant status were observed by race (AA v White; odds ratio = 0.51; P = .07) and age (> 50 v ≤ 50 years; odds ratio = 0.48; P = .06). The P/LP spectrum was narrower in AA men ( BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and BRCA1) than White men ( BRCA2, ATM, HOXB13, CHEK2, TP53, and NBN). A significant difference was noted in rates of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) between AA men and White men overall (25.32% v 16.32%; P = .02) and for carrying multiple VUSs (5.1% v 0.53%, P = .008).

CONCLUSION

Germline evaluation in a cohort enriched for AA men highlights the narrower spectrum of germline contribution to PCA with significantly higher rates of multiple VUSs in DNA repair genes. These results underscore the imperative to engage AA men in GT, the need for larger panel testing in AA men, and the necessity to incorporate novel genomic technologies to clarify VUS to discern the germline contribution to PCA. Furthermore, tailored genetic counseling for AA men is important to ensure understanding of VUS and promote equitable genetics care delivery.
Non-accidental injuries in dogs and cats: review of post-mortem forensic evaluations and the social significance of small animal practice.
Authors: Doukas Dimitrios
Published: June 2022

The co-existence of animal abuse cases and domestic violence are well established todays. Many studies worldwide have identified that pet dogs and cats are commonly harmed or killed by an abuser who may be a member of the family. In fact, the abuse of pets is an indicator that human members of a family are also at risk. The abusers may show a variety of motivations and mental health disorders, resulting in a variety of abuse forms.  The animal victims may be presented alive or dead to a veterinary clinic. The post-mortem differential diagnosis and forensic evaluation of pet dogs and cats with non-accidental injuries (NAI), caused by the physical violence of the abuser and items commonly found in a household environment is presented in the current review, according the main type of abuse: a) blunt force trauma; b) sharp-force injuries; c) gunshot injuries; d) asphyxiation and drowning; e) thermal injuries; and, f) poisoning. The recognition and mandatory report of pet cruelty in the family is a complex issue, causing ethical dilemmas for veterinarians concerning professional confidentiality to the client, duty to protect the human probable victims and how to facilitate prosecution when the law has been broken. The key-role of veterinarians identifying and reporting pet abuse to appropriate state authorities for animal and human welfare is discussed.
Polypoid Cystitis in a dog. A case report.
Authors: PAPADOPOULOS NIKOLAOS KLEANTHI
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT. Polypoid cystitis is a rare disease of younger male dogs. The aim of this article is to report an incidence of polypoid cystitis, which was observed in a dog. The 11-year-old dog had a 3-month history of hematuria. Upon surgical approach to the retroperitoneal area an irregularly thickened wall was revealed, and additionally six (6) cysts 1-6 mm in diameter protruded from the mucosal surface. Histological examination confirmed transitional cell hyperplasia covering a core of proliferating connective tissue, edema and a neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate with areas of ulceration and hemorrhage. These lesions are consisted with polypoid cystitis which is is a rare-benign disease, histopathology is the means of definitive diagnosis and it is best treated with surgical cystotomy.
Inactivation of foodborne viruses by the cold plasma technology
Authors: Pexara Andreana
Published: June 2022

Cold plasma (CP) is an innovative non-thermal food processing method. CP refers to a partially or completely ionized gas containing reactive chemical species, which are active against microorganisms, including viruses or enzymes of foods. CP has a minimal effect on the quality attributes of foods and can also elongate the shelf life of foods. Foodborne outbreaks caused by viruses have been increased in various countries in recent years. The research works on the inactivation effect of CP against viruses including foodborne viruses have been also increased in recent years. The most important foodborne viruses are human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), involved in several outbreaks worldwide. Human astrovirus (HAstV), human adenovirus (HuAdV), Aichi virus (AiV), sapovirus (SaV) and enterovirus (EV) are also notable foodborne viruses and were associated in sporadic cases. The CP treatment proved efficient for the inactivation of foodborne viruses such as HuNoV and HAV. The present work reviews the CP as a non-thermal food processing technology and present the published data on the effect of CP process on foodborne viruses in foods.
Nutritional evaluation of the agro-industrial by-products and waste fruits-vegetable for sustainable ruminant nutrition
Authors: ÜNLÜ Hayrullah Bora , KIRKPINAR Figen , OZDOGAN Mürsel
Published: June 2022

The growing consumption of ruminant animal products gives rise to a huge demand of animal feed in growing countries. By-product feeds, waste fruits-vegetables, and crop residues should be considered as a valuable alternative feed resource in ruminant nutrition. This waste can be reutilized and converted by ruminants to valuable products for human benefits as a new resource and in return to increase the effectiveness of limited feed sources. But, there are limited new information and research regarding the nutritive value of this waste for ruminants. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of some agro-industrial by-products, waste fruits-vegetable, and crop residue for ruminants specifically. Fourteen by-products, waste fruits-vegetable and crop residue were collected from the west part regions of Turkey. Nine by-product feeds (whole cottonseed, rice bran, soybean hull, apple pomade, citrus pulp, grape pomade, tomato pomade, grape stalk, rice hull), three waste fruits (dry grape, dry fig, carrot), one waste vegetable (potato) and also one crop residue (cornstalk) were analyzed for nutritional composition and metabolizable energy values were calculated by crude nutrients for ruminants. Further, energy, DMD, and OMD of these samples were investigated by using the cellulose enzyme method. All samples were analyzed the macro minerals (Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg) and the microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) contents. In the research, all samples regarding the parameters in DM, ash, OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE, NSC, NDF, ADF, starch, sugar,  Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, DMD, OMD, MECN, and MECEL were different (P<0.05). The study showed that the waste fruits, vegetable, and by-products have valuable sugar (grape, fig, and carrot), starch (potato, rice bran), NSC (citrus pulp), and oil (cottonseed) content that is the main compounds making them high energetic feeds for ruminants. Also, most of these research materials have enough or much more macro and micro mineral concentrations for ruminant nutrition.
Protective Effect of Spirulina against Aspartame Induced Oxidative Stress and Molecular Gene Brain damage
Authors: Attiya Hamam
Published: June 2022

Spirulina and lipoic acid has been considered as one of the most effective in ant oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity.Aspartame (ASP) is one of the mostwidely used (artificial sweeteners)used in a variety of foods and feeds.This study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effect of Spirulina and alpha-lipoic acid against aspartame induced oxidative stress and brain damage in rabbits. Forty two white male New-Zealand Rabbits were classified into seven equal groups. Group I: (Control group) received no drugs. Group II: rabbits administered with aspartame (250 mg/kg b. wt/day). Group III: rabbits received alpha- lipoic acid (100 mg/kg b. wt/day). Group IV: rabbits received spirulina platensis (1500 mg/kg. b. wt/day). Group V: rabbits received aspartame (250 mg mg/kg b. wt) and treated with alpha- lipoic acid (100 mg/kg b. wt). Group VI: rabbits received aspartame (250 mg mg/kg b.wt) and treated with spirulina platensis (1500 mg/kg b. wt). Group VII: rabbits received aspartame (250 mg mg/kg b.wt) and treated daily with alpha- lipoic acid (100 mg/kg b. wt) and spirulina platensis (1500 mg/kg b. wt) for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment brain tissue were isolated and analyzed for determination of L-malondialdehyde  (L-MDA), Catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in addition to Anti-inflammatory cytokines: Interlukin-10 (IL-10),Activator Protein-1(AP-1),Bax gene expression and DNA damage. The obtained results showed a significant  up-regulation of  Activator Protein-1(AP-1),Bax gene expression level and a significant  down-regulation of Interlukin-10 (IL-10) and marked increase in L-MDA  and DNA damage that was indicated by an increase in tail length and tail DNA percent in brain tissue of aspartame treated rabbits. However, brain CAT activity andGSH concentration were markedly decreased when compared with control group.Coad ministration of spirulinaand alpha lipoic acid protect aspartame induced brain damage in rabbits caused a significant improvement of all previous parameters and attenuate DNA changes. Conclusively, spirulina platensis and alpha-lipoic acid  exerts a protective effect against DNA damage and oxidative stress in brain of aspartameusage through free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities as well as regenerating endogenous antioxidants defense system mechanisms.
Honey bee drone (Apis mellifera) sperm cryopreservation with rainbow trout seminal plasma supplemented extenders
Authors: Alçay Selim , Cakmak Sevinar , Cakmak Ibrahim , Aktar Ahmet , Ustuner Burcu , Yilmaz Melih , Duman Muhammed , Ozkan Hasan , Akkaya Yakup , Sagirkaya Hakan , Nur Zekariya
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma, gökkuşağı alabalığı seminal plazmasının (RTSP) bal arısı drone spermatozoonu üzerindeki etkilerini eritme sonrası araştırmayı amaçladı. Cinsel açıdan olgun erkek arılardan sperm örnekleri toplandı ve havuzlandı. Daha sonra havuzlanmış semen, farklı konsantrasyonlarda RTSP (% 2.5 /% 5 /% 10) ile ve RTSP (kontrol) takviyeli sulandırıcılar olmadan seyreltildi. Motilite, plazma membranı fonksiyonel bütünlüğü, akrozom bütünlüğü ve mitokondriyal fonksiyon kriyoprezervasyon sürecinden olumsuz etkilenmiştir, ancak DNA bütünlüğü etkilenmemiştir. Membran lipid peroksidasyon durumu da çözüldükten sonra malondialdehit (MDA) konsantrasyonu kullanılarak analiz edildi. RTSP10 grupları, kontrol grubuna kıyasla sperm motilitesi, plazma membran bütünlüğü, akrozomal bütünlük ve mitokondriyal fonksiyon üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahipti (P <0.05). Çalışma, RTSP takviyeli sulandırıcıların eritme sonrası drone sperm parametreleri üzerinde faydalı etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları,% 10 RTSP takviyeli bir sulandırıcı kullanmanın avantajını göstermiştir.
Ketamine or propofol anesthesia in dogs: how do they affect cytokines, antioxidants and neutrophil functions?
Authors: GUZEL Ozlem , Sevim Gulsen , Aydin Kaya Didar , Sezer Duygu , Erek Mert , Esen Gursel Feraye , Atmaca Gizem , Demirtas Berjan , Matur Erdal
Published: June 2022

The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of ketamine and propofol on cytokines, antioxidant defense system, and neutrophil functions in dogs. A total of 24 dogs were used. Dogs were divided into two groups as ketamine and propofol. The ketamine group received ketamine (5 mg/kg) intravenously while the propofol group received propofol (4 mg/kg) intravenously. Blood samples were collected before sedation and 30 minutes after induction. Serum antioxidant and cytokine levels were analyzed and neutrophil functions were determined. Respiration rate, serum malondialdehyde, IL-4, IL-6 levels, and phagocytic and chemotaxic activity of neutrophils were decreased (P=0.001, P=0.010, P=0.014, P=0.039, P=0.008, and P=0.037, respectively), oxygen saturation were increased (P=0.025) in the ketamine group. Serum IL-6 and IFN-γ level were decreased (P=0.015 and P=0.032 respectively), chemotactic activity of neutrophils were increased (P=0.049) in propofol group. The administration of ketamine was found to have a positive effect both on the antioxidant system and the neutrophil. On the other hand, positive and negative effects of propofol on different parts of the immune system were observed. Therefore, the results should should be taken into account when designing an anesthesia protocol for dogs to predict possible defense system reactions during the postoperative period.
The gynecological controls in the elderly female dogs
Authors: Erdoğan Güneş
Published: June 2022

In canine geriatric medicine has many different research areas such as cardiology, endocrinology, dentistry. However, diagnosing many related diseases and complications can be late related to thoughts that spayed dog's genital exams are thought of as unneeded approaches. Reproductive infections, mammary/gynecologic tumoural diseases, and their complications decrease their life quality and have a considerable mortality rate in aged intact and spayed bitches. Therefore, an effective gynecologic health check program supported with different imaging techniques is highly needed in small animal clinics. In this review, it is planned an annual gynecologic examination for older/geriatrics dogs and presented the main steps to early diagnose and prevent genital diseases with high mortality and lower their life quality and longevity.
Descriptive geometry: collection of tasks and tasks
Authors: Sal'kov Nikolay
Published: June 2022

The textbook includes tasks in all sections of the descriptive geometry course.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational education studying in the specialty 07.02.01 "Architecture".
Dofinansowanie przedsięwzięć niskoemisyjnych z Funduszu Termomodernizacji i Remontów – zagadnienia materialnoprawne i proceduralne
Authors: Ofiarska Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

W opracowaniu przedstawiono istotę, normatywną strukturę oraz zasady co do zasady bezzwrotnego wpierania gmin w realizacji przedsięwzięć niskoemisyjnych, których realizacja może być dofinansowana z Funduszu Termomodernizacji i Remontów zasilanego przede wszystkim dotacjami z budżetu państwa. Wspierane w tym trybie mogą być tylko przedsięwzięcia niskoemisyjne wykonywane w domach jednorodzinnych lub lokalach mieszkalnych znajdujących się w takich domach, a ich beneficjentami powinny być w szczególności osoby fizyczne uprawnione do korzystania ze świadczeń pieniężnych pomocy społecznej. Przyjęty przez ustawodawcę normatywny schemat udzielenia wsparcia złożony jest z kilku podstawowych elementów: tzw. uchwały antysmogowej podjętej przez sejmik województwa, porozumienia w sprawie realizacji przedsięwzięć niskoemisyjnych zawieranego przez Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej z gminą, umowy o wykonanie konkretnego przedsięwzięcia zawieranej między gminą i osobą fizyczną spełniającą warunki formalne, trybu weryfikacji i kontroli efektów wykonanego przedsięwzięcia. Ustanowiono w ten sposób finansowy mechanizm wsparcia, w stosunkowo wąsko wyznaczonym obszarze, działań mających doprowadzić do poprawy jakości powietrza. W opracowaniu pozytywnie zweryfikowano tezę o potrzebie stosowania takiej formy wsparcia, ale jednocześnie krytycznie oceniono nadmierną ostrożność ustawodawcy, polegającą na ustaleniu wąskich pod względem podmiotowo-przedmiotowym granic programu działań na rzecz poprawy jakości powietrza w Polsce.
Dotacja żłobkowa jako instrument samodzielności legislacyjnej i wydatkowej samorządu gminnego
Authors: Ostrowska Anna
Published: June 2022

Uchwalona w 2011 r. ustawa o opiece nad dziećmi w wieku do lat 3 przyniosła niemal rewolucyjne zmiany nie tylko w strukturze ustrojowej i własnościowej placówek świadczących opiekę żłobkową, ale także w sferze aktywności legislacyjnej i dotacyjnej samorządów gminnych. Na jej podstawie rady gmin uzyskały bowiem delegację ustawową do określania w drodze aktu prawa miejscowego wysokości, zasad ustalania oraz rozliczania dotacji celowej udzielanej z budżetu gminy podmiotom prowadzącym żłobek lub klub dziecięcy, dziennym opiekunom lub osobom zatrudniającym dziennych opiekunów. Ta sfera samorządowego dotowania ujawnia niezwykłą „pomysłowość” rad gmin przy określaniu powyższych zasad, która dość często spotyka się z nadzorczą reakcją ze strony regionalnej izby obrachunkowej. Artykuł ma na celu uzasadnienie tezy badawczej twierdzącej, iż udzielanie dotacji żłobkowej z budżetu gminy stanowi przykład jej najszerszej samodzielności dotacyjnej występującej w zakresie aktywności legislacyjnej i wydatkowej organów gminy. W celu udowodnienia powyższej tezy przeprowadzone badania objęły analizę porównawczą dotacji żłobkowej z innymi dotacjami udzielanymi z budżetów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (w szczególności z dotacją oświatową), a także analizę orzeczeń nadzorczych i sądowych zapadłych w sprawach uchwał rad gmin podejmowanych na podstawie upoważnienia z art. 60 ust. 2 powyższej ustawy. W celu zobrazowania aktywności wydatkowej gminy w tym zakresie posłużono się także metodą ilościową poprzez przedstawienie analizy wydatków budżetu jednego z miast wojewódzkich na dotacje żłobkowe. Przyjmując bowiem, iż w mieście na prawach powiatu będącym jednocześnie stolicą województwa powinny funkcjonować wszystkie formy opieki nad dziećmi do lat 3, w artykule przeprowadzono analizę wydatków budżetu takiego miasta na opiekę żłobkową. Analiza ta ukazała rozmiar i strukturę udzielanych przez powyższe miasto dotacji żłobkowych, które z kolei potwierdziły istnienie samodzielności gminy w tym zakresie. Wyniki przeprowadzonych w artykule analiz odniesiono także do zagadnień związanych z udzielaniem dotacji żłobkowych w okresach kryzysu pandemicznego i kryzysu uchodźczego.
Kazimierz Wajda – wybitny badacz dziejów społeczno-gospodarczych Torunia i Pomorza
Authors: Zielińska Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Artykuł prezentuje sylwetkę i drogę kariery naukowej profesora Kazimierza Wajdy, który przez dużą część swojego życia zawodowego związany był z Uniwersytetem Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Był wybitnym badaczem dziejów społecznych i gospodarczych oraz zagadnień demograficznych Torunia, ale i Pomorza. Interesowały go także zagadnienia narodowościowe, wyznaniowe i polityczne. Spod jego pióra wyszły obszerne i szczegółowe, oparte na solidnej kwerendzie źródłowej rozdziały monografii miast pomorskich i kujawskich, dotyczące historii XIX i początku XX w. Był cenionym dydaktykiem i organizatorem życia uniwersyteckiego. Wypromował sześciudoktorów i około dwustu magistrów.
Astronauci amerykańscy w Toruniu w 1972 roku. „Utajniona wizyta”
Authors: Bohr Iwo
Published: June 2022

W artykule opisano wizytę Davida Scotta i Alfreda Wordena –dwóch astronautów misji Apollo 15 w Toruniu, 19 stycznia 1972 r. – wydarzenie jak dotychczas słabo znane. Odbyła się ona w niezwykłych okolicznościach, przy obniżonym statusie dyplomatycznym i dużych ograniczeniach w podawaniu informacji o nim w mediach. Rekonstrukcji przebiegu wizyty dokonano głównie na podstawie dokumentów SB. Za pomocą akt opublikowanych w Polskich Dokumentach Dyplomatycznych wyjaśniono zaś przyczyny niskiego statusu wizyty. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono opisowi uroczystości powitalnej oraz spontanicznych reakcji mieszkańców Torunia na obecność gości podczas ich spaceru po starówce. Załączono również krótki biogram rektora Jerzego Łukaszewicza i tekst mowy powitalnej (w zasobach SB) wygłoszonej przez niego oraz komentarz do tego dokumentu.
Stochastic Cutting Planes for Data-Driven Optimization
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Li Michael Lingzhi
Published: June 2022

We introduce a stochastic version of the cutting plane method for a large class of data-driven mixed-integer nonlinear optimization (MINLO) problems. We show that under very weak assumptions, the stochastic algorithm can converge to an ϵ-optimal solution with high probability. Numerical experiments on several problems show that stochastic cutting planes is able to deliver a multiple order-of-magnitude speedup compared with the standard cutting plane method. We further experimentally explore the lower limits of sampling for stochastic cutting planes and show that, for many problems, a sampling size of [Formula: see text] appears to be sufficient for high-quality solutions.
Fuzzy regression model with Bayesian approach and its application to public health data
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Muhammad Amir bin , Nizam Akbar Nurul Asyikin , Mohamad Ghazali Farah Muna , Mohd Noor Nor Farid , Aleng Nor Azlida
Published: June 2022

The application of the Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR) and Fuzzy Bayesian Linear Regression method through the SAS algorithm is the focus of this paper. As an alternative method of data analysis in biostatistics, this modified method can be used. This modified method includes a bootstrapping technique, residual normality checking and some Bayesian Linear Regression Modeling (BLR) enhancement through Fuzzy Bayesian Linear Regression. We illustrated the application of the algorithm for Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR) and Fuzzy Bayesian Linear Regression in this paper.
The spectrum on prism graph using circulant matrix
Authors: Triyani Triyani , Mashuri Mashuri , Anarkis Bunga Tirai , Riyadi Slamet
Published: June 2022

Spectral graph theory discusses about the algebraic properties of graphs based on the spectrum of a graph. This article investigated the spectrum of prism graph. The method used in this research is the circulant matrix. The results showed that prism graph P2,s is a regular graph of degree 3, for s odd and s ≥ 3, P2,s is a circulantt graph with regular spectrum.
The Role of Environmental Performances in Determining Financial Performances through Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Susanto Alya , Rahardjo Shiddiq Nur
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of environmental performance on financial performance with CSR disclosure as an intervening variable. The environmental performance was measured by using PROPER score, CSR disclosure was measured by the Global Reporting Initiative index, and financial performance was measured by using earning per share. Using purposive sampling method, this research took 89 samples from manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange that were granted PROPER by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry within the years of 2017-2019. The secondary data documented from companies' annual reports were used to test four hypotheses. The tests were conducted by using linnear regression and path analysis. The results of the analysis showed that environmental performance postively effecting CSR disclosure and CSR disclosure financial performance. However, this study did not find any significant effect of environmental performance on financial performance. It did not find CSR reporting's role as an intervening variable is unable to affect the environmental performance's impact towards financial performance.
States of prison abolition: COVID-19 and anti-colonial and anti-racist organising
Authors: Anthony Thalia , Chartrand Vicki
Published: June 2022

Until recently, carceral and penal logics have proliferated the global scene unabated. The coronavirus pandemic not only ushered a moment of pause for the world, but in some areas, even a reversal in carceral trends. In many countries, some sectors experienced unprecedented reductions in imprisonment and migrant detention. Even where the pandemic advanced more invasive carceral controls, such as with policing through health checks and issuing tickets, it also fuelled global resistance through the Black Lives Matter movement. In the wake of the pandemic, an uprising of activists, advocates and supporters captured the public imagination with anti-racist and abolition uprisings and advances in community care. In the lands now known as Australia and Canada, where the criminalisation and incarceration of Indigenous people has been increasing, this mobilising has resulted in important alliances and advancements to challenge these carceral and penal trajectories. In this article, we trace several abolitionist initiatives to show how the convergence of COVID-19 and anti-racist and anti-colonial movements catalysed an important moment for abolitionist organising.
Fear of politics or politics of fear? The construction of exception
Authors: Scalia Vincenzo
Published: June 2022

This paper describes and analyses the reponse to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, tracing its roots in the hyper-neoliberalism of the right and the repressive attitude of the Italian left, developed since the 1970s. It explores the emergency measures enacted against the backdrop of the pandemic and examines how the neoliberal hegemony of the last 40 years has infiltrated common sense to such an extent that even critical thinkers take for granted the role of the state in regulating social relations on behalf of a fully-fledged market economy. This passive acceptance of the ‘state-market match’, the article suggests, not only accepts the restriction of liberties and the extreme privatisation of life, but also provokes the withering of a critical thinking that could promote alternative policies, as well as outlining long-term prospects of political and social change.
Neoliberalism, COVID-19 and conspiracy: pandemic management strategies and the far-right social turn
Authors: Richards Imogen
Published: June 2022

Neoliberal pandemic management strategies during the 2019–2022 COVID-19 virus pandemic rendered vulnerable to the disease, people in precarious work, with underlying health issues, and experiencing other forms of social discrimination and disadvantage. Herd immunity strategies designed to address the economic growth imperatives of neoliberal societies were often contrary to scientific advice, leading to high infection rates and the mass death of, in particular, essential workers in manufacturing, healthcare, and service provision. At times, health policies and political rhetoric scapegoated marginalised communities for the spread of the disease, subjecting them to the pandemic’s more harmful social and economic effects. These ideological-political environments also provided context for accelerationist and conspiratorial narratives about COVID-19 communicated among wider political networks, within economically-driven environments of counterfactual mass news and social media. Responding to this situation, this paper examines how certain pandemic responses from government and non-government actors collectively contributed toward racialised, classist social discrimination in responses to COVID-19, such that they might be said to constitute an intra-pandemic far-right ‘social turn’.