bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Теоретичні аспекти формування механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємства
Authors: Дем’яненко Тетяна , Альошин Данило
Published: December 2023

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні основи інноваційного розвитку підприємства, встановлено основні принципи та умови формування механізмів інноваційного розвитку. Розроблено модель механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємств, яка на основі оцінки інноваційного потенціалу виділяє принципи та інструменти розвитку в контексті розвитку інтеграційного процесу, що дозволяє змінити інноваційну діяльність. Потенціал підприємства для трансформації в інноваційний капітал. Визначено зміст, роль і значення інновацій у функціонуванні та розвитку суб’єктів господарювання на різних рівнях економічної системи. Перевірено, що суттєва відмінність типів інноваційного розвитку полягає, головним чином, у первинному та визначальному характері свідомих дій і цілей щодо створення, вибору та впровадження інновацій, спрямованих на системну зміну ситуації на підприємстві. По суті, процес інноваційного розвитку підприємства покращився. Встановлено склад та взаємодію принципів побудови та функціонування механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємства. Доведено можливість використання принципу конкурентної сегментації інновацій. Встановлено зміст принципу конкурентної сегментації інновацій; Суть цього принципу полягає в обов’язковому позиціонуванні складових сукупності інновацій, що здійснюються (для структурної сукупності запропонованих інновацій) за джерелом формування конкурентної переваги інновація має бути пов’язана з джерелом формування конкурентну перевагу. Розглянуто підхід до структурної побудови механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємства. Встановлено приналежність багаторівневого ієрархічного механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємства, що визначається багатофункціональністю форми та результату ідентифікації інноваційного процесу, різними аспектами та неоднозначностями. Необхідною умовою ефективного функціонування промислових підприємств є розробка нової моделі розвитку підприємства, яка ґрунтується на гармонійному поєднанні поточної виробничої діяльності та потенційних можливостей майбутнього економічного розвитку на основі використання передової техніки та технологій. презентація новітньої системи управління бізнесом, комплексний підхід до розробки та впровадження інновацій. забезпечення прогресивних інноваційних змін та переорієнтації на інноваційні види розвитку.
Економічна безпека суб’єктів господарювання в умовах перманентної кризи
Authors: Дуднєва Юлія , Артем’єв Олександр
Published: December 2023

У статті розглянуто особливості забезпечення економічної безпеки суб’єктів господарювання в умовах перманентної кризи. Визначено, що кризовий стан економіки, викликаний наслідками військових дій з початком широкомасштабного вторгнення, підсилив негативні економічні тренди періоду пандемії. Аналіз показників внутрішнього валового продукту, кількості збиткових підприємств, індексу промислового виробництва дозволяє діагностувати кризовий стан економіки. Авторами доведено, що актуалізація та зростання різноманітних загроз різної спрямованості створюють відповідний екзогенний контекст функціонування суб’єктів господарської діяльності, та безпосередньо впливають на рівень їх економічної безпеки. З іншого боку, забезпечення економічної безпеки на рівні держави залежить від рівня економічної безпеки бізнес-структур. Визначальною особливістю функціонування господарюючих суб’єктів у сучасній ситуації є безумовне домінування загроз економічній безпеці, які мають зовнішнє походження, є практично неконтрольованими з боку бізнес-структур та мають надзвичайно потужний вплив на результати діяльності. Поруч із визначенням стану та загроз економічній безпеці на макрорівні зростає актуальність формулювання рекомендації для суб’єктів бізнесу щодо їх поведінки в умовах кризи, викликаної військовими діями, та відповідних управлінських рішень. Авторами проаналізовано досвід діяльності суб’єктів господарювання в умовах зростання невизначеності, розширення та підсилення загроз, викликаних воєнним станом, та запропоновано конкретні рекомендації щодо дій суб’єктів господарювання в умовах кризи з метою підтримки прийнятного рівня економічної безпеки, власної конкурентоспроможності та внутрішнього потенціалу.
Tác động bất đối xứng của các yếu tố kinh tế vĩ mô đến thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam
Authors: Phạm Đức Huy
Published: December 2023

Nghiên cứu về tác động bất đối xứng của các yếu tố kinh tế vĩ mô đến thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam được thực hiện thông qua ước lượng hồi quy NARDL. Nghiên cứu sử dụng dữ liệu theo quý của các biến gồm: chỉ số thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam (VNIndex), tỷ giá hối đoái (EXR), tỷ lệ lạm phát (INF), lãi suất cho vay (IR), tăng trưởng cung tiền (M2) và tăng trưởng kinh tế (GDP) trong giai đoạn quý 1 năm 2009 đến quý 2 năm 2023. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các yếu tố vĩ mô ảnh hưởng đến thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam trong cả ngắn và dài hạn. Đồng thời, xác nhận tác động bất đối xứng trong dài hạn của cung tiền và lạm phát đến thị trường chứng khoán. Do đó, khi chính phủ ban hành và quản lý các chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô thông qua việc thực thi các mục tiêu của chính sách tiền tệ và chính sách tài khóa cần có sự kết hợp và xem xét đến sự phát triển bền vững của thị trường chứng khoán. Kết quả nghiên cứu còn cung cấp cho các nhà đầu tư góc nhìn mới về tác động bất đối xứng của các yếu tố kinh tế vĩ mô đến thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam, để từ đó thiết lập danh mục đầu tư nâng cao khả năng dự báo và hiệu quả trong các quyết định đầu tư.
Psykologista turvallisuutta tukeva työkulttuuri
Authors: Raatikainen Eija , Otonkorpi-Lehtoranta Katri
Published: December 2023

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan psykologista turvallisuutta opetus- ja sosiaalialoilla. Tarkastelu kiinnittyy  keskusteluihin psykologisesti turvallisen työkulttuurin eduista ja merkityksestä työhyvinvoinnille ja menestymiselle. Kysymme, millaisia psykologisen turvallisuuden toteutumisen esteitä ja edellytyksiä työkulttuureissa ilmenee. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kirjoituspyynnöllä eläytymismenetelmää (method of empathy-based stories, MEBS) hyödyntäen. Kuvitteellisesta työelämäntilanteesta annettiin positiivinen ja negatiivinen kehyskertomus, jotka ilmensivät psykologista turvallisuutta ja turvattomuutta koskevia tekijöitä. Vastaajia pyydettiin jatkamaan kertomusta ja tuottamaan kuvaus tilanteen jatkumisesta mahdollisine ratkaisuineen. Tutkimukseen osallistui 36 vastaajaa neljästä organisaatiosta: kolme oli opetusalalta, yksi sosiaalialalta. Tulosten mukaan psykologisen turvallisuuden esteet ja edellytykset paikantuvat: 1) vuorovaikutus ja tunnekulttuuriin keskittyvään, 2) yhteisölliseen, 2) oppimisen mahdollistavaan sekä 4) rakenteisiin ja toimintamalleihin paneutuvaan työkulttuuriin. Työyhteisöjen ja tiimien psykologisen turvallisuuden edistäminen edellyttää yhtä aikaa selkeitä ja toimivia rakenteita sekä sujuvaa vuorovaikutusta. Eläytymismenetelmällä voi käynnistää työyhteisöjen jäsenten oman työn reflektoinnin työn psykologisen turvallisuuden edistämiseksi. Menetelmä sopii myös työyhteisöjen kehittämiseen laajemminkin.
Osaammeko kohdata opiskelijat kaikkine kokemuksineen?
Authors: Salonen Sanni
Published: December 2023

Traumainformoitu työote kokoaa yhteen sosiaalialan toimintakenttiä ja niillä kohdattavia elämänkriisejä. Artikkelikokoelman esittelemän traumainformoidun työotteen perusajatus on toisen ihmisen vuorovaikutuksellinen kohtaaminen niin, että keskiössä on turvallisuudentunteen vahvistaminen ja vaaliminen.
Digitalisoituvan yliopistokoulutuksen diskurssit
Authors: Isosomppi Leena , Maunula Minna , Maunumäki Minna
Published: December 2023

Tutkimuksemme kohteena ovat korkeakoulupoliittisissa visioteksteissä rakentuvat yliopistopedagogiikkaa suuntaavat diskurssit ja niiden tuottamat tiedon, oppimisen ja asiantuntijuuden representaatiot sekä digitalisoituvan yliopiston opettajan ja opiskelijan asemoinnit. Tutkimusaineisto sisältää 1) opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön käynnistämän Korkeakoulutus ja tutkimus 2030-luvulle -visiotyön keskeiset, vuosina 2017–2019 julkaistut dokumentit, 2) korkeakoulujen yhdessä laatiman Digivisio -hankehakemuksen (2020) ja 3) korkeakoulu- ja tutkimusyhteisön kansallisen linjauksen oppimateriaalien avoimesta saatavuudesta (2020) koulutuksen digitalisaatiota koskevilta osin. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on diskurssien paikantamisen ja kuvaamisen lisäksi tehdä kriittisen diskurssianalyysin lähtökohdista näkyväksi, miten ne määrittävät yliopistopedagogiikan kehittämisen ehtoja. Tunnistimme aineistosta seuraavat diskurssit: alustatalouden, valtionhallinnon, tietojärjestelmän, teknologian kaikkiallistumisen, palvelumuotoilun ja tiedeyhteisön diskurssit. Teknologis-taloudelliset diskurssit ja valtionhallinnon diskurssi rakentavat yhdessä kansallista visiota koulutuskilpailussa menestyvästä oppimisen ekosysteemistä. Oppimisen ja asiantuntijuuden merkitykset pelkistyvät mitattavaksi yksilön osaamispääomaksi samalla kun opettajan ja opiskelijan asemat määrittyvät talouden ja teknologian logiikoin. Visiotekstien diskurssit kaventavat pedagogisten lähtökohtien tarkastelun uuspedagogiikan mukaisesti opetuksen ja opiskelun sekä digivälineiden hyödyntämisen tehostamispyrkimyksiksi. Vahvistuessaan nämä diskurssit edellyttävät teknis-taloudellisia kielenkäyttötapoja myös pedagogiikkaa koskevassa keskustelussa. Kestävän koulutuksen kehittämisen tueksi tarvitaan vahvaa yliopistopedagogista tutkimusta ja sen lähtökohdista perusteltua, digitalisaatiota hyödyntävää pedagogiikkaa sekä moniäänistä neuvottelua yliopistopedagogisen tutkimuksen argumentein.
Mammutti ja me too -aika
Authors: Pitkänen Silja
Published: December 2023

Arvosteltu näytelmä: Gabrielsson, Otto & Mattila, Laura. Rikkaruoho. KOM-teatteri 24.2.–13.5.2023. Rooleissa Vilma Melasniemi, Ella Mettänen, Juho Milonoff, Niko Saarela ja Miiko Toiviainen.
Ekososialisaation ja ekoindividuaation tarpeesta ja merkityksestä
Authors: Pulkki Jani , Keto Sami , Foster Raisa
Published: December 2023

Vastaamme Antti ja Pentti Moilasen artikkelin “Ekososialisaatio ja ekoindividuaatio sivistysideaaleina: ekososiaalisen kasvatuksen teorian kritiikkiä” huomioihin, jotka perustuvat omista näkemyksistämme poikkeaviin tapoihin ymmärtää kasvatustiedettä ja ekologiaa. Moilasten saksalainen kasvatus- ja sivistysteoria ei ole soveltunut kasvatusfilosofisten tarkastelujemme lähtökohdaksi sen ihmiskeskeisyyden vuoksi. Tutkimusperinne, josta oma tarkastelumme kumpuaa, tunnistaa kasvatuksentutkimuksen monenlaisia teoreettisia näkökulmia soveltavana tieteenä. Monitieteisen ja monista teoreettisista perinteistä ammentavan ekososiaalisen kasvatusajattelun peruslähtökohtana on pyrkimys käsittää kasvatus ei-ihmiskeskeisesti ja avartaa mielikuvitusta kohti rakentavaa monilajista vuorovaikutusta ihmisen ja muun luonnon välillä. Ihmiskeskeinen tapa ymmärtää kasvatus ja sen peruskäsitteet uusintaa ekologisesti tuhoavaa suhdetta toisiin eläviin olentoihin. Artikkelimme puolustaa ekososialisaation ja ekoindividuaation käsitteitä, tarkentaa näihin liittyviä ajatuksia sekä oikoo Moilasten niihin liittämiä merkittävimpiä väärinkäsityksiä. Lisäksi puemme sanoiksi joitakin sellaisia ajatuksia, joita emme ole aiemmin katsoneet tarpeellisiksi avata siitä syystä, että nämä käsitykset ovat jo niin laajasti jaettuja moderneissa kasvatuksen teoretisoinneissa.
The Potential of Iodine as A Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ibrahim Raihan Syah , Elliyanti Aisyah
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is a cancer with the highest incidence of death in women in the world. Studies state that breast cancer can capture iodine molecules, making this substance a potential alternative therapy for further research and study. Opportunities for iodine as a treatment for breast cancer are supported by the fact that iodine is a molecular element widely available in nature, such as in food, plants, and oceans, so iodine is an easy substance to obtain. This article explores the potential of iodine as a treatment for breast cancer. The method used is a literature review study, in which literature is collected through the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases published from 2013-2022, and full text is available. The results of the review of the 10 articles obtained are the exposure of sources and intake of iodine, the physiological effects of iodine, and the effects of iodine on breast cancer cells. Iodine has the potential as a substance with anticancer activity through antiproliferative mechanisms, apoptosis, and immune system activation when given in sufficient quantities and at appropriate doses. The mechanism of iodine affecting breast cancer cells occurs through direct and indirect effects on the biological processes of cancer cells. These mechanisms occur molecularly in cancer cells by intermediary mitochondrial organelles and specific ligands in the cell. Iodine can also be combined with breast cancer chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin, which gives a good treatment response after chemotherapy. This is important to ensure sufficient daily intake of iodine for the body, especially in patients with breast cancer.
Comparison of Tuberculosis Examination Using Ziehl-Neelsen Method and Molecular Rapid Test
Authors: Anwar Aan Yulianingsih , Handayani Marini Tri Putri , Nurdin Erpi , Lewa Irma Berliana,HI , Artati Artati
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fast and accurate diagnostic methods are very important for diagnosing and controlling pulmonary TB disease in Indonesia. TB examination using the Zn method is very commonly used even though it has lower sensitivity than TCM. The aim of this study was to compare the results of TB examination using BTA staining with the Molecular Rapid Test. This type of research uses analytical observational methods with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 40 respondents taken using purposive sampling technique. The results of tuberculosis examination using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) BTA staining method and the Moluker rapid test tool (TCM) method showed that the microscopic results of the Ziehl-Neelsen method of BTA smear staining showed negative results in 31 people (75%), 1 respondent (2 .5%) with scanty results and 9 respondents (22.5%) with 1+ results. The results of the TB BTA examination using the TCM method resulted in MTB Not Detected with a total of 30 people (75%), MTB Detected Medium obtained a result of 6 people (15%), MTB Detected Low obtained a result with a total of 3 people (7.5%), MTB Detected Very Low results were obtained with the number of 1 person (2.5%) and in the SPSS results using the t-test the results obtained were p value <0.05 (0.012 <0.05) which means there is a comparison of the BTA staining tuberculosis examination using the Ziehl-Ziehl method. neelsen and Molecular Rapid Tests. Based on the research results, it was found that there was a significant difference between the Ziehl-Neelsen BTA staining tuberculosis examination method and the Molecular Rapid Test Tool with a p value <0.05 (0.012 <0.05)
Naturens största mästerstycken eller straffande tyranner?
Authors: Hollsten Laura
Published: December 2023

Inom historieforskningen har förhållandet mellan människor och insekter sällan behandlats, även om insekterna haft stor betydelse i människors sociala och kulturella liv. Insekter har varit närvarande i människors liv på olika sätt och påverkat historien genom sitt medaktörskap, till exempel i spridandet av sjukdomar såsom malaria och gula febern. Insekter har spelat en roll inom medicinhistorien, men också inom den idé- och lärdomshistoria som studerar naturalhistoria och entomologins historia, samt inom kulturhistoria där man bland annat utforskat insekters betydelse som symboliska bärare av olika egenskaper. Föreliggande artikel studerar kunskap om insekter och spindeldjur i Europa och Sverige under tidigmodern tid. Målet är att studera hur kunskap om insekter cirkulerade i det tidigmoderna Sverige och Europa samt hurdan denna kunskap var, eftersom såväl nya rön som gamla traditioner kommunicerades i vetenskapliga och populära verk. Fokus ligger på hur nyttotänkande, fysikoteologi och antropocentrism påverkat synen på insekter och spindeldjur som antingen nyttiga eller skadliga för människan. I beskrivningarna syns å ena sidan en äldre människocentrerad naturalhistoria, å andra sidan ett mera systematiskt naturvetenskapligt tänkande. Därmed ingick såväl auktoritetsbaserat allmäneuropeiskt tankegods som lokal kunskap i den tidigmoderna kunskapen om insekter. Även om sätten att kategorisera insekter förändrades under tidigmodern tid finns det en kontinuitet i betoningen av nytta och skada, en kontinuitet som ännu syns idag.
Carl von Linné ja suomen kieli
Authors: Uusitalo Harri
Published: December 2023

Ruotsalainen luonnontieteilijä Carl von Linné (1707–1778) tunnetaan ennen kaikkea eliöiden taksonomisen luokittelujärjestelmän kehittäjänä. Hänen maailmankuululla työllään on suuri merkitys vielä tänäkin päivänä. Vaikka Carl von Linnén perintö jälkipolville onkin ennen kaikkea luonnontieteellinen ja tieteenhistoriallinen, voi myös suomen kielen tutkija tehdä hänen teksteistään löytöjä. Esittelen tässä artikkelissa Carl von Linnén käsikirjoitusaineistoihin ja painettuihin teoksiin sisältyviä suomenkielisiä osia.

Teoreettis-metodologisena kehyksenä tutkimuksessani toimii vanhan kirjasuomen ortografian, äänne- ja muotorakenteen sekä sanaston tutkimus. Lisäksi mukana on näkökulmia henkilö- ja kirjahistoriasta. Aineistona on käytetty niin käsikirjoituksia kuin painettua kirjallisuuttakin.

Artikkeli valaisee tutkimusmatkaajan kohtaamia arkisia tilanteita ja sitä, minkälaista kielellistä tukea hän on tarvinnut selvitäkseen vieraskielisessä ympäristössä. Von Linnén teksteissä esiintyvien kasvien ja eläinten nimitysten tutkiminen puolestaan valaisee, minkälaiset eliönnimitykset ovat oleellisia mainita erikseen suomeksi. Artikkelissa perehdytään myös kyseisten nimitysten taustaan, sillä on aiheellista selvittää, mistä ruotsinkielinen von Linné on ylipäätään saanut suomenkielisiä sanoja tietoonsa.
Fauna et Flora Fennica -hanke Suomen lajistoa kartoittamassa
Authors: Rantala Heli
Published: December 2023

Keväällä 2023 Turun yliopistossa käynnistyi monitieteinen, dosentti Otto Latvan johtama Fauna et Flora Fennica -hanke, jonka tavoitteena on tuottaa aiempaa kokonaisvaltaisempaa tietoa eri eläin- ja kasvilajien esiintymisestä Suomen alueella. Hanke syventää käsitystä Suomen lajistosta tutkimalla systemaattisesti, mitä sanoma- ja aikakauslehdissä julkaistut kansalaishavainnot kertovat eri lajien levinneisyyden historiasta. Suomen eläin- ja kasvilajien havainnoinnin historiaa tutkitaan hankkeessa kulttuurin-, kielen- ja historiantutkimuksen keinoin. Tarkastelun aikajänne ulottuu 1800-luvulta 1970-luvun alkuun. Tutkimusaineistona hanke käyttää Kansalliskirjaston digitaalista sanoma- ja aikakauslehtien kokoelmaa sekä tätä aineistoa täydentävää luonto- ja ympäristöaiheista lehtimateriaalia.
Fauna et Flora Fennica -hanketta rahoittaa Alfred Kordelinin säätiön Suuret kulttuurihankkeet -ohjelma. Nimensä hanke on lainannut Suomen vanhimmalta tieteelliseltä seuralta, Turun keisarillisessa yliopistossa vuonna 1821 perustetulta Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica -nimiseltä yhdistykseltä.
Hybrid Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with Chaotic System for Securing Data Transmission
Authors: Setiadi De Rosal Ignatius Moses , Akrom Muhamad
Published: December 2023

This research proposes a combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on the BB84 protocol with Improved Logistic Map (ILM) to improve data transmission security. This method integrates quantum key formation from BB84 with ILM encryption. This combination creates an additional layer of security, where by default, the operation on BB84 is only XOR-substitution, with the addition of ILM creating a permutation operation on quantum keys. Experiments are measured with several quantum measurements such as Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), Polarization Error Rate (PER), Quantum Fidelity (QF), Eavesdropping Detection (ED), and Entanglement-based detection (EDB), as well as classical cryptographic analysis such as Bit Error Ratio (BER), Entropy, Histogram Analysis, and Normalized Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI). As a result, the proposed method obtained satisfactory results, especially perfect QF and BER, and EBD, which reached 0.999.
Pengukuran Tahanan Isolasi Terminal Incoming Gardu Kubikel 20KV di PT Haleyora Power Region 3 Jawa Timur Area Mojokerto
Authors: Sukoco Yulianto , Nailul Izzati  , Humaidillah Kurniadi Wardana
Published: December 2023

PT Haleyora Power is a subsidiary of PT PLN which is engaged in the operation and maintenance of electricity transmission and distribution networks. One of them is routine maintenance of the 20kv cubicle substation with the aim of maintaining the reliability of distribution in the electricity system. For Region 3 East Java, the Mojokerto area itself has 3 working areas, namely, Mojokerto, Jombang, and the Nganjuk area. In the process the cubicle is divided into 3 points, namely, incoming as input from the 20kv transformer output owned by PLN, metering is the part that functions to monitor (current, voltage, and electricity demand), the last is outgoing which is the 20kv output which will enter the transformer input customer/industry property. In this study, what was measured was insulation resistance using an insulation tester / megger and focused on the incoming terminal, the terminal points measured were between terminals r-s, r-t, s-t, r-n, s-n, and t-n. The minimum standard for measuring insulation resistance in a 20kv cubicle is 20MOhm. With an insulation resistance of more than 20MOhm, the insulation resistance obtained is good enough.
Позднесредневековое население Загородского посада города Твери по данным краниологии и одонтологии
Authors: Рашковская (Пеленицына) Ю. , Харламова Н.
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена публикации новых краниометрических и одонтологических данных, характеризующих население г. Тверь в XVIII в. В основу исследования легла краниологическая серия, полученная в ходе спасательных археологических работ, проводившихся в 2019 г. под руководством О. Е. Рыбаковой на территории кладбища юго-восточной окраины Загородского посада Твери. Полученные краниологические характеристики 11 мужчин и 19 женщин сравнивались с позднесредневековыми краниологическими сериями с территории Европейской части России. Данные обработаны методами многомерной статистики (метод главных компонент и канонический анализ). Выяснилось, что мужская часть группы морфологически приближена к ранее исследованным группам из г. Твери и Ленинградской области, и характеризуется несколько высоким переносьем, небольшой высотой носа и шириной орбиты, а также более округлой головой по сравнению с остальными сериями. Женская часть группы сблизилась с группами из Твери и Костромы, для которых характерны несколько высокие орбиты и узкие по наименьшей ширине лбы. Одонтологическое исследование 30 индивидов по программе А. А. Зубова показало принадлежность погребенных к западному одонтологическому стволу с чертами северного грацильного типа. По сравнению с синхронными сериями г. Твери в изученной выборке отмечается более высокая степень редукции зубной системы, большая частота резцов лопатообразной формы. Немногочисленность наблюдений в силу сохранности останков не позволяет провести более детальный статистический анализ одонтологической выборки. Предполагается, что выявленные краниологические и одонтологические особенности могут иметь финно-угорское происхождение.
Aloe-derived vesicles enable macrophage reprogramming to regulate the inflammatory immune environment
Authors: Zhou Hao , Peng Ke , Wang Jun , Wang Yang , Wang Jia-Jia , Sun Shi-Kun , Shi Mai-Qing , Chen Jun , Ji Fu-Hai , Wang Xu
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia poses a significant global public health challenge, where unaddressed pathogens and inflammation can exacerbate acute lung injury and prompt cytokine storms, increasing mortality rates. Alveolar macrophages are pivotal in preserving lung equilibrium. Excessive inflammation can trigger necrosis in these cells, disrupting the delicate interplay between inflammation and tissue repair.

Methods: We obtained extracellular vesicle from aloe and tested the biosafety by cell viability and hemolysis assays. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the uptake and internalization of extracellular vesicle by macrophages and the ability of extracellular vesicle to affect the phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages in vitro. Finally, we conducted a clinical feasibility study employing clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a representative model to assess the effective repolarization of macrophages influenced by extracellular vesicle.

Results: In our study, we discovered the potential of extracellular vesicle nanovesicles derived from aloe in reprograming macrophage phenotypes. Pro-inflammatory macrophages undergo a transition toward an anti-inflammatory immune phenotype through phagocytosing and internalizing these aloe vera-derived extracellular vesicle nanovesicles. This transition results in the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10, effectively curbing inflammation and fostering lung tissue repair.

Discussion: These findings firmly establish the immunomodulatory impact of aloe-derived extracellular vesicle nanovesicles on macrophages, proposing their potential as a therapeutic strategy to modulate macrophage immunity in bacterial pneumonia.
Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease and cancer: putting together the pieces of a complex puzzle
Authors: Kaufman Cintia Daniela , Farré Cecilia , Biscari Lucía , Pérez Ana Rosa , Alloatti Andrés
Published: December 2023

Considering the extensive and widespread impact on individuals, cancer can presently be categorized as a pandemic. In many instances, the development of tumors has been linked to endemic microbe infections. Among parasitic infections, Trypanosoma cruzi stands out as one of the most extensively discussed protozoans in the literature that explores the association between diseases of parasite origin and cancer. However, the effective association remains an unsolved paradox. Both the parasite, along with protozoan-derived molecules, and the associated antiparasitic immune response can induce alterations in various host cell pathways, leading to modifications in cell cycle, metabolism, glycosylation, DNA mutations, or changes in neuronal signaling. Furthermore, the presence of the parasite can trigger cell death or a senescent phenotype and modulate the immune system, the metastatic cascade, and the formation of new blood vessels. The interaction among the parasite (and its molecules), the host, and cancer undoubtedly encompasses various mechanisms that operate differentially depending on the context. Remarkably, contrary to expectations, the evidence tilts the balance toward inhibiting tumor growth or resisting tumor development. This effect is primarily observed in malignant cells, rather than normal cells, indicating a selective or specific component. Nevertheless, nonspecific bystander mechanisms, such as T. cruzi’s adjuvancy or the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, may also play a significant role in this phenomenon. This work aims to elucidate this complex scenario by synthesizing the main findings presented in the literature and by proposing new questions and answers, thereby adding pieces to this challenging puzzle.
Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling
Authors: Kurup Shreya , Tan Can , Kume Tsutomu
Published: December 2023

Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue’s structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
Wearable systems without experiential disruptions: exploring the impact of device feedback changes on explicit awareness, physiological synchrony, sense of agency, and device-body ownership
Authors: Morris Caitlin , Danry Valdemar , Maes Pattie
Published: December 2023

Technologies on the body that require explicit awareness to be operated or monitored often risk disrupting human awareness and induce stress and excessive cognitive load. With the increasing interest in body-centric technologies, it is thus essential to understand how to build technologies that interface with human awareness without disrupting or requiring too many cognitive resources. In this paper, we build and evaluate a wearable system that uses different feedback types to alter human awareness (of the device). We further demonstrate how this awareness impacts cognitive load, sense of body-ownership, and sense of agency, which are often essential antecedents to successful and continued use. Moreover, we further investigate physiological signals, such as physiological synchrony, as well as qualitative reports in a multimodal analysis. Our results show that devices that provide feedback that deviate from expected behavior tend to generate higher amounts of explicit awareness, and that such increased awareness correlates with increased cognitive load, lower sense of agency and lower sense of body-ownership. Moreover, we find that interoceptive acuity correlates with diminished sense of agency. We discuss their implications for designing wearable body-centric systems that induce or disrupt different levels of awareness to deliver or diminish a sense of body-ownership and agency over the system.
Auditory chaos classification in real-world environments
Authors: Khante Priyanka , Thomaz Edison , de Barbaro Kaya
Published: December 2023

Background & motivation

Household chaos is an established risk factor for child development. However, current methods for measuring household chaos rely on parent surveys, meaning existing research efforts cannot disentangle potentially dynamic bidirectional relations between high chaos environments and child behavior problems.

Proposed approach

We train and make publicly available a classifier to provide objective, high-resolution predictions of household chaos from real-world child-worn audio recordings. To do so, we collect and annotate a novel dataset of ground-truth auditory chaos labels compiled from over 411 h of daylong recordings collected via audio recorders worn by N=22 infants in their homes. We leverage an existing sound event classifier to identify candidate high chaos segments, increasing annotation efficiency 8.32× relative to random sampling.

Result

Our best-performing model successfully classifies four levels of real-world household auditory chaos with a macro F1 score of 0.701 (Precision: 0.705, Recall: 0.702) and a weighted F1 score of 0.679 (Precision: 0.685, Recall: 0.680).

Significance

In future work, high-resolution objective chaos predictions from our model can be leveraged for basic science and intervention, including testing theorized mechanisms by which chaos affects children’s cognition and behavior. Additionally, to facilitate further model development we make publicly available the first and largest balanced annotated audio dataset of real-world household chaos.
A review of the prescribing culture of anti-depressants across government districts in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ruddock Mark W. , Watt Joanne , Kurth Mary Jo , Lamont John V. , Mooney Laura , Fitzgerald Peter
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant increase in mental health issues which general practitioners are now witnessing and managing in communities across Northern Ireland. Unfortunately, this new tsunami of patients with mental health issues has put tremendous strain on our already overburdened health system. As a result, Northern Ireland currently holds the unenviable record for prescribing more anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medication than any other country in the world.

Methods: Data was obtained from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA), Family Practitioner Services, General Pharmaceutical Services, Annual Statistics 2020/2021 (published June 2021) and 2021/2022 (published June 2022). Data was analysed by age, gender, district, and socioeconomic class on prescription medication [according to the British National Formulary (BNF)].

Results: From 2020/2021 to 2021/2022, the prescribing culture for anti-anxiety and/or anti-depressant medication in Northern Ireland did not abate (24% vs. 14%, female to male, respectively). The postcode and index of multiple deprivation (IMD) was analysed and a mean IMD for each constituency was taken as an estimate of the overall IMD to establish if money spent per patient was related to the IMD in each constituency. North Down, South Antrim, and East Antrim were least deprived, as indicated by their high IMD. Whereas, Foyle, and Belfast West were most deprived (low IMD). The cost of mood and anxiety medication per patient was compared against constituency; patients in Belfast West and Belfast North, followed by Foyle, had the highest costs per patient, and the lowest IMD (most deprived).

Conclusion: This review concludes that there has been no change in the prescribing culture for anti-anxiety or anti-depressants across Northern Ireland (2020–2022). The cost of mood and anxiety medication per patient did not correlate with the index of multiple deprivation (IMD). Areas of low IMD trended to have higher spend. Is it now time to review the prescribing culture in Northern Ireland and offer greater support to our GPs to initiate a program of deprescribing and manage the wellbeing of our citizens?
Exploring coordinated development and its driving factors between carbon emission and ecosystem health in the southern hilly and mountainous region of China
Authors: Qu Hongjiao , You Chang , Wang Weiyin , Guo Luo
Published: December 2023

Achieving “carbon neutrality” is an inevitable requirement for tackling global warming. As one of the national ecological barriers, the southern hilly and mountainous region (SHMR) shoulder the important mission of taking the lead in achieving “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”. Thus, it has important scientific significance to explore and analyze how to coordinate ecological development under the background of “double carbon action”, and it is a key step to ensure that the region achieves synergistic development of promoting economic development and improving ecosystem health. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to address these gaps by adopting a refined grid scale of 10 km × 10 km to explore the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions and ecosystem health. Additionally, we established a coupling coordination model of carbon emissions intensity (CEI) and ecosystem health index (EHI) to assess the impact of natural and socio-economic factors on the coupling coordination degree (CCD) in different regions. Our findings are as follows: 1) In the SHMR region, the EHI exhibited a progressive development trend, with spatially increasing values from the south to the north. 2) The spatial discrepancy in CEI has been on the rise, which assumed an increase of 4.69 times, and with an increasingly pronounced pattern of spatial imbalance. Carbon emissions tend to concentrate more in the eastern and northern areas, while they are comparatively lower in the western and southern regions. 3) The R2 of geographical weighted regression model (GWR) is all above 0.8, and the CCD between CEI and EHI demonstrated a positive developmental state. However, most regions still displayed an imbalanced development, albeit with a slight increase in areas exhibiting a more balanced development state. 4) The driving forces of natural and socio-economic factors had a dual-factor and non-linear enhancement effect on the CCD. The influence of natural factors on CCD has gradually diminished, whereas the influence of socio-economic factors has progressively strengthened.
Utilization of Metarhizium as an insect biocontrol agent and a plant bioinoculant with special reference to Brazil
Authors: Mesquita Emily , Hu Shasha , Lima Tais B. , Golo Patricia Silva , Bidochka Michael J.
Published: December 2023

Brazil has a long history of using biological control and has the largest program in sugarcane agriculture to which a biocontrol program has been applied. This achievement is at least partly due to the utilization of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium. This well-known fungal genus exhibits pathogenicity against a broad range of arthropod hosts and has been used globally as a biocontrol agent. This fungus is also a root symbiont, and in this capacity, it is a plant growth promoter. However, this feature (i.e., as a plant symbiont) has yet to be fully explored and implemented in Brazil, although the number of reports demonstrating Metarhizium’s utility as a plant bioinoculant is increasing. The Brazilian bioproduct industry targets agricultural pests, and is limited to two Metarhizium species represented by four fungal isolates as active ingredients. Entomopathogenic fungi have also been successful in controlling arthropods of public health concern, as shown in their control of mosquitoes, which are vectors of diseases. The isolation of new indigenous Metarhizium isolates from a variety of substrates such as soil, insects, and plants shows the wide genetic diversity within this fungal genus. In this review, we emphasize the significance of Metarhizium spp. for the biological control of insects in Brazil. We also suggest that the experience and success of biological control with fungi in Brazil is an important resource for developing integrated pest management and sustainable strategies for pest control worldwide. Moreover, the future implementation prospects of species of Metarhizium being used as bioinoculants and possible new advances in the utility of this fungus are discussed.
CD4 and LAG-3 from sharks to humans: related molecules with motifs for opposing functions
Authors: Takizawa Fumio , Hashimoto Keiichiro , Miyazawa Ryuichiro , Ohta Yuko , Veríssimo Ana , Flajnik Martin F. , Parra David , Tokunaga Kotaro , Suetake Hiroaki , Sunyer J. Oriol , Dijkstra Johannes M.
Published: December 2023

CD4 and LAG-3 are related molecules that are receptors for MHC class II molecules. Their major functional differences are situated in their cytoplasmic tails, in which CD4 has an activation motif and LAG-3 an inhibitory motif. Here, we identify shark LAG-3 and show that a previously identified shark CD4-like gene has a genomic location, expression pattern, and motifs similar to CD4 in other vertebrates. In nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame), the highest CD4 expression was consistently found in the thymus whereas such was not the case for LAG-3. Throughout jawed vertebrates, the CD4 cytoplasmic tail possesses a Cx(C/H) motif for binding kinase LCK, and the LAG-3 cytoplasmic tail possesses (F/Y)xxL(D/E) including the previously determined FxxL inhibitory motif resembling an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM). On the other hand, the acidic end of the mammalian LAG-3 cytoplasmic tail, which is believed to have an inhibitory function as well, was acquired later in evolution. The present study also identified CD4-1, CD4-2, and LAG-3 in the primitive ray-finned fishes bichirs, sturgeons, and gars, and experimentally determined these sequences for sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Therefore, with CD4-1 and CD4-2 already known in teleosts (modern ray-finned fish), these two CD4 lineages have now been found within all major clades of ray-finned fish. Although different from each other, the cytoplasmic tails of ray-finned fish CD4-1 and chondrichthyan CD4 not only contain the Cx(C/H) motif but also an additional highly conserved motif which we expect to confer a function. Thus, although restricted to some species and gene copies, in evolution both CD4 and LAG-3 molecules appear to have acquired functional motifs besides their canonical Cx(C/H) and ITIM-like motifs, respectively. The presence of CD4 and LAG-3 molecules with seemingly opposing functions from the level of sharks, the oldest living vertebrates with a human-like adaptive immune system, underlines their importance for the jawed vertebrate immune system. It also emphasizes the general need of the immune system to always find a balance, leading to trade-offs, between activating and inhibiting processes.
Testosterone affects type I/type II interferon response of neutrophils during hepatic amebiasis
Authors: Er-Lukowiak Marco , Hänzelmann Sonja , Rothe Moritz , Moamenpour David T. , Hausmann Fabian , Khatri Robin , Hansen Charlotte , Boldt Jennifer , Bärreiter Valentin A. , Honecker Barbara , Bea Annika , Groneberg Marie , Fehling Helena , Marggraff Claudia , Cadar Dániel , Bonn Stefan , Sellau Julie , Lotter Hanna
Published: December 2023

Differences in immune response between men and women may influence the outcome of infectious diseases. Intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica leads to hepatic amebiasis, which is more common in males. Previously, we reported that innate immune cells contribute to liver damage in males in the murine model for hepatic amebiasis. Here, we focused on the influences of sex and androgens on neutrophils in particular. Infection associated with neutrophil accumulation in the liver was higher in male than in female mice and further increased after testosterone treatment in both sexes. Compared with female neutrophils, male neutrophils exhibit a more immature and less activated status, as evidenced by a lower proinflammatory N1-like phenotype and deconvolution, decreased gene expression of type I and type II interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as downregulation of signaling pathways related to neutrophil activation. Neutrophils from females showed higher protein expression of the type I ISG viperin/RSAD2 during infection, which decreased by testosterone substitution. Moreover, ex vivo stimulation of human neutrophils revealed lower production of RSAD2 in neutrophils from men compared with women. These findings indicate that sex-specific effects on neutrophil physiology associated with maturation and type I IFN responsiveness might be important in the outcome of hepatic amebiasis.
Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival
Authors: Sausen D. G. , Poirier M. C. , Spiers L. M. , Smith E. N.
Published: December 2023

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world’s population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong infection. T cells, as important contributors to cell-mediated immunity, make an attractive target for these immunoevasive strategies. Indeed, EBV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate T cell responses. For example, it can augment expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which inhibits T cell function, and downregulates the interferon response, which has a strong impact on T cell regulation. It also modulates interleukin secretion and can influence major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and presentation. In addition to facilitating persistent EBV infection, these immunoregulatory mechanisms have significant implications for evasion of the immune response by tumor cells. This review dissects the mechanisms through which EBV avoids detection by host T cells and discusses how these mechanisms play into tumor survival. It concludes with an overview of cancer treatments targeting T cells in the setting of EBV-associated malignancy.
Growth of freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. ULC602 in different growing and nutrient conditions
Authors: Pham Mai-Lan , Askarzadmohassel Elahe , Brandl Martin
Published: December 2023

Aphanizomenon sp. ULC602, recently isolated in a Belgian lake, is a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing, freshwater cyanobacterium that is one of the primary producers of cyanotoxins following its bloom formation, causing water contamination. This study aims to evaluate the effects of growing conditions and essential nutrients on the growth of Aphanizomenon sp. ULC602 via its production of chlorophyll-a (Chlo-a). Our results indicated that this bacterium could grow well at temperatures ranging from 18 to 25°C with an optimal pH of 6.0–7.5 under continuous lighting. It grew slowly in the absence of a carbon source or at lower carbon concentrations. The addition of nitrogen from nitrate and urea led to a less than 50% reduction of Chlo-a content compared to the medium lacking nitrogen. The iron bioavailability significantly stimulated the Chlo-a production, but it was saturated by an iron concentration of 0.115 mM. Moreover, a decrease in Chlo-a biomass was observed under sulfur deficiency. The bacterium could not grow well in media containing various phosphorus sources. In conclusion, as the growth and consequent forming bloom of cyanobacteria can be stimulated or inhibited by environmental conditions and eutrophication, our investigation could contribute to further studies to control the blooming of the target bacterium in freshwater.