bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and Socio-Economic Effects of Underground Brown Coal Mining in Piła Młyn (Poland)
Authors: Rurek Mirosław , Gonia Alicja , Hojan Marcin
Published: February 2022

In Poland, apart from opencast mining, brown coal (lignite) was also mined by underground methods. This is related to glaciotectonic disturbances leading to deposition of Miocene coal in the form of folds (synclines and anticlines). The highest number of underground brown coal mines in the 19th century was recorded in western Poland. In northern Poland in the second half of the 19th century there were active underground brown coal mines in Piła Młyn. The study aims to present the environmental and socio-economic effects of discontinuing lignite mining. It is a unique example of cultural heritage and influences the tourist development of the region. To this end, historical topographic maps were used together with data from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) laser scanning, available descriptions and scientific articles about coal mines. Information from the local inhabitants and representatives of the “BUKO” Association (the Association of Inhabitants and Enthusiasts of Piła nad Brdą “BUKO”) was also obtained. As shown by the results of the analyses, changes in the environment are manifested in terrain relief and highlight the location of former coal mines. Clear land subsidence is arranged in linear sequences and occurs as single landforms. Recesses at the former extraction sites are very distinct. The socio-economic effects observed include activity of the inhabitants and development of rural areas. The area also offers good prospects for tourism as a themed mining village attracts tourists and is a unique amenity in Poland. The subject matter of this article is also of importance from the standpoint of civil engineering since post-mining areas cannot be repurposed for residential development. Due to changes in the relief in this area in places other than those analyzed, scientific research will be conducted here, which will allow to answer other hypotheses (brown coal transport).
Effect of Land-Use Change on Runoff in Hyrcania
Authors: Ahmadi-Sani Naser , Razaghnia Lida , Pukkala Timo
Published: February 2022

Population growth and human activities have resulted in drastic changes in land use in many areas of the world, including the Hyrcania region in northern Iran. Land-use changes affect the hydrological processes of water basins. This study evaluated the effect of land-use changes on runoff over 15 years in the Haraz River basin located in Hyrcania using remote sensing data and GIS analyses. The annual precipitation of the region is 66.5 cm. Two Landsat images were used to develop land-use maps for 1996 and 2011. Original image features, their principal components, and vegetation indices were used to classify the two Landsat images into different land-use categories. Runoff was predicted from precipitation, land use, and hydrological soil groups, using the SCS-CN model (the “curve number” approach). During the 15 years, 62.4% of the area remained unchanged and 37.6% had undergone a land-use change. The highest average runoffs were obtained for bare land (14.1–14.5 cm/year) and residential land (10.4–11.4 cm/year), and the lowest for dense forest (2.5–2.6 cm/year) and first-grade rangeland (2.8–3.1 cm/year). The volume of annual runoff increased by 9% during 1996–2011 due to land-use changes. Runoff was estimated at 9.4% of precipitation in 1996, and 9.6% of precipitation in 2011. Most of the increase was related to the increased area of bare land and decreased area of rangeland. The study indicated that combined use of the SCS-CN approach, remote sensing data, and GIS tools allow cost-effective runoff estimation, helping watershed management. The results on the effect of land-use change on runoff can be seen as a warning for land-use managers and policymakers, who should aim at stopping and reversing the current land-use trends of the Haraz River basin.
Assessment of the Parameters of Oxidative Stress Depending on the Metabolic and Anthropometric Status Indicators in Women with PCOS
Authors: Nawrocka-Rutkowska Jolanta , Szydłowska Iwona , Jakubowska Katarzyna , Olszewska Maria , Chlubek Dariusz , Rył Aleksandra , Szczuko Małgorzata , Starczewski Andrzej
Published: February 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in females of reproductive age. In women with PCOS, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other elements of metabolic syndrome are likely to occur. Studies have shown an increase in the concentration and activity of oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS, compared to that in unaffected women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of OS in PCOS and their activity in relation to women without menstrual disorders with a normal body weight. Then, we compared malonodialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), including overweight and obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and IR in the PCOS group. The study included 35 women aged 18–46, hospitalized for menstrual disorders in the form of infrequent menstruation. In 26 women, PCOS was diagnosed on the basis of the Rotterdam Criteria; these patients qualified for the study group. The control group (n = 21) consisted of patients without menstrual disorders and without PCOS in an ultrasound examination. Patients were diagnosed between the 2nd and 5th day of the cycle. The parameters of OS were analyzed and compared with the anthropometric parameters and the lipid profile of the patients. Enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT, SOD, and MDA levels was determined in both groups. MDA levels and CAT activity differed significantly between the groups. There was a decrease in MDA levels in the IR group and the involvement of GPx in the excess weight and obesity and IR group accompanied by an increase in hip circumference. It therefore seems that IR may be the main risk factor to exposure to OS in patients with PCOS, independent from obesity. In addition, GPx is involved in every step in the development of the pathological condition in PCOS.
Lack of Evidence for Microplastic Contamination from Water-Soluble Detergent Capsules
Authors: Bayo Javier , Ramos Belén , López-Castellanos Joaquín , Rojo Dolores , Olmos Sonia
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the ability of water-soluble detergent capsules to effectively release microplastics from their composition. A total of 39 different brands of water-soluble capsulated detergents were tested, 20 of them for washing machines and 19 for dishwashers, from four different countries in the EU, i.e., Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Italy, as well as two different devices for microplastic recovery from laundry wastewater. Wastewater samples from all laundry capsules reported microplastics, mainly as entangled fibers from PET blankets, although none could be associated to capsule itself. This paper displays, through a calculated rate for microplastics, that fiber shedding from clothing maybe related to different detergent characteristics. Wastewater from both catching devices reported microplastics after their use, although samples from Guppyfriend bag displayed less fibers than those collected after the use of Cora Ball. Eventually, wastewater samples form dishwashing detergent capsules were much less contaminated with microplastics than those from laundry ones.
Vincentas Ignacas Marevičius apie save ir Tėvynę: XVIII a. pabaigos literato (savi)refleksijos
Authors: Balaišytė Lina
Published: February 2022

WINCENTY IGNACY MAREWICZ ABOUT HIMSELF AND THE HOMELAND: (SELF) REFLECTIONS OF THE LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY WRITER

The article is dedicated to present, still unexplored in Lithuanian historiography, works of the late eighteenth-century writer Wincenty Ignacy Marewicz and to discuss his reflections on his living times. Marewicz (1755–1822) was a poor nobleman, born in Trakai powiat and, having studied there, he later spent in Vilnius a significant portion of his life, trying to survive off his literary activities. He dedicated his works to the nobles, hoping to receive their protection and support, which he also published and distributed on his own. Creative legacy of Marewicz is ample and omnidirectional, however his contemporaries considered him a secondary writer and even graphomaniac, thus he was forgotten by the following generations and was little researched. In spite of any doubts regarding literary skills of Marewicz, we can notice that his writings, often very personal, may be interesting to a historian because of the reflections about himself and
his living times. Being avid supporter of state reforms and the Four-Year Sejm, Marewicz in the last years of the eighteenth century wrote pieces that were filled with patriotic spirit, full of contemplations on the destiny of his homeland and of advice to the powerful regarding governance of the country. Writings of the litterateur were close to sentimentalism, with the accentuated desire for authenticity and naturalness. Marewicz promoted ideas of egalitarianism and solidarity of society, criticising the predominant types of relationships. The article discusses works created by the litterateur in the last decade of the century, such as drama, political poetry, biographical narratives dedicated to the nobility and decorations designed for the anniversary of the May 3rd Constitution.

Keywords: Wincenty Ignacy Marewicz, eighteenth-century literature,
sentimentalism, commemorative decorations.
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės gyventojų refleksijos apie politines permainas 1794 m. pabaigoje – 1795 m. privačios korespondencijos duomenimis
Authors: Burba Domininkas
Published: February 2022

REFLECTIONS OF INHABITANTS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA ON POLITICAL CHANGES AT THE END OF 1794 TO 1795 ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE The article is dedicated to the research of the private correspondence of inhabitants of local voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period between the end of 1794 and the first three quarters of 1795. The aim of the article is to see the reactions of state or powiat officers, regular nobles, bishops, lower ranking clerics and friars, university professors and military officers towards changes the that were eliminating the statehood and to reveal general tendencies of the letters. The letters that mention political changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the year 1794 to the first three quarters of 1795 are not many – 24 pieces. Most of the letters were written from rural areas, provincial towns and boroughs, 5 letters are from Vilnius and 3 from Grodno. Sometimes the letters mention the Supreme Board of the Land, the Russian imperial institution, which then had taken over the governance. In very seldom cases the fact of swearing oath to the Empire is mentioned. The topic of loyalty to the new government is also rare, mostly when talking about communication with the newly formed administration or officers of the foreign army. The letter that stands out is the one by Feliks Warzyński, the flagbearer of Samogitia and elder of Tirkšliai, the text of which is addressing the breaking of the law during a dietine. The most common topic of private correspondence is the factor of the Russian Imperial army. The authors that wrote on these topics mention taxes, supplying of food and feed, lootings, and the options of protecting their possessions. The letters mention pursuit of favour from the top military leadership and commanders of units. This was a pragmatic, situation based pursuit. The reverberations of the 1794 uprising of T. Kościuszko are not ample in the private correspondence. Residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania complained and pleaded, for themselves or their relatives, regarding their status of prisoners, also property and food taken by the military in the course of the uprising. The style of most letters is sufficiently calm and business-like, although sometimes bursting with sadness, hopelessness and uncertainty. Sometimes they tell of the very situation of this deep crisis, mentioning the devastation of the land, hunger and difficulty in communicating. Keywords: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Russian Empire, private correspondence, the 1794 uprising of Tadeusz Kościuszko, the Third Partition of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, loyalty, military.
Influence of various factors on sensitivity of magnetic powder control
Authors:   Technopark ", Bubela A.I. ,   University Technologies",   , Donetsk, Babak K.Yu. ,   Technopark "University Technologies", Donetsk
Published: February 2022

The magnetic powder method occupies one of the leading positions in the system of non-destructive quality control of materials. Approximately 80% of the controlled ferromagnetic products are controlled by the magnetic powder control method. The high sensitivity of the control method, its versatility, relatively low labor intensity of control, and the visibility of the results ensured that the method was widely used in industry. The main factors, characteristics and parameters of magnetic powder suspensions affecting the sensitivity of magnetic powder control are considered. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of experimental suspensions in terms of the effectiveness of detecting artificial surface and subsurface defects of the MO-1 control sample was carried out. The qualitative efficacy of magnetic powders of the "Diagma" and "Crocus" type as a basis for the manufacture of the suspensions is clearly demonstrated, and the effect of autocoagulation on the sensitivity and reliability of the results of magnetic powder control is shown on the example of "Diagma-1100" and "Diagma-1200" powders. The verification of the effectiveness of the suspensions based on ferromagnetic particles γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ in suspended state did not show their qualitative advantages in comparison with the other experimental suspensions. The further direction of the development of this work is to check the operability of experimental magnetic suspensions γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ that are not in a suspended state. It is suggested that this state of magnetic suspensions γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ negatively affects the attraction of magnetic particles by inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and also does not allow a clear indication pattern to form over the defects. In addition, the task of selecting the optimal concentration of magnetic particles in the finished magnetic suspension, in which a high degree of sensitivity to defects will be achieved with the minimum possible consumption of materials included in the magnetic suspension, can be considered as the next stage of the research. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/influence-of-various-factors-on-the-sensitivity-of-magnetic-particle-inspection/77764.html
Methodology for developing the design of cluster‑type devices for the installation of box‑type workpieces processed in flexible production systems
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Krasko A.S. , Filin M.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the issues of design development of cluster-type machine tools used in the machining of a cluster of box-type workpieces in flexible production systems. The design is based on the principles that must be followed in the process of developing the design of cluster-type devices. The device that is being developed must provide the specified accuracy and clamping force when installing a cluster of parts, and also be applicable in complex automation conditions. The sequence of the development of the design of cluster-type devices is presented, taking into account the peculiarities of their use in automated production. An example of creating a cluster-type device for a given parts cluster is shown. This reduces the complexity of the development of cluster-type machine tools and takes into account the design features of the processed products, tooling and structural elements of the device. A method of designing cluster-type devices for the installation of box-type workpieces in an automated technological complex (flexible production system) was developed. This method reduces the complexity of the development of cluster-type machine tools and considers the design features of the processed products, tooling and structural elements of the device.
The influence of the production type on the choice of the method of obtaining the workpiece
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Istomin A.B. , Moskovkin V.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Poteryaeva A.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Safonov A.I. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: February 2022

his article describes the systematization of the workpiece types according to the method of production, the scope of their application, the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The authors analyzed and classified the groups of workpieces according to the main characteristics, properties, types of production, etc. The examples of selecting methods for obtaining workpieces of parts "Case", "Nipple" and "Pump case", in which the workpieces are shown in detail and clearly with different production methods, as well as with different production volumes, are given. During the transition from single-unit to mass production, the method of obtaining the workpiece changes dramatically. This affects the entire further strategy of manufacturing the part and the technological process. Selecting the method of workpiece production has a great influence on the time of the preparation of technological equipment (production of stamping tools, models, molds, etc.). In case of an error, the company will incur large losses. Therefore, the technologist, together with the designer, must carefully check the selected workpiece and make sure that it is suitable for this production. The research was carried out at the Department of Machine-Building Technologies, Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
The use of high-protein feed in combination with smektitny kizelgur for feeding of young pigs
Authors:   Bryansk State Agrarian University, Russia, Bryansk region, Kokino, Gamko L. N. , Khomchenko V. V. ,   Bryansk State Agrarian University, Russia, Bryansk region, Kokino
Published: February 2022

Currently, the efforts of scientists are aimed at improving the pig feeding system with the inclusion of high-protein components in the composition of compound feed. In order to increase the productivity and efficiency of the use of nutrients, feed include high-protein animal feed and mineral additieves. The purpose of the work was to study the use of high-protein feed in combination with smektitny kizelgur in feeding young pigs. The research has been carried out at the pig complex of OOO “Bryansk Meat Processing Plant”, which production facilities are located in the Karachevsky area in the Bryansk region. As an object of research, crossbred young pigs were involved in rearing. In order to conduct two scientific and economic experiments, groups of weaned piglets were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues. The origin, age, live weight and growth energy of pigs were taken into account. It has been found that the feeding of compound feed, which included high-protein feed with the addition of smektitny kizelgur in the dose of 1,5 and 2,0 %, increased the digestibility of nutrients in the experimental groups. As the result of feeding young pigs of experimental groups on the rearing of compound feed, which included high-protein feed and the natural mineral additive, the positive influence on the results of control slaughter and the decrease in the longest muscle of the back, liver and femur of heavy metals has been established. The calculation of the economic efficiency of feeding different composition of compound feed to young pigs showed that the profit in the first experiment in the 3rd experimental group, which was fed compound feed with the addition of 2,0 % smektitny kizelgur, was 9,88 % more in comparison with the control group. The payback of additional costs in this group amounted to 6,3 rubles. The level of profitability in the 3rd experimental group was 17,44 %, and it was higher than in the control. A similar pattern was found in the second experiment.
Technological factors in the cultivation of sterlet sturgeon planting material in a recirculation aquaculture system
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Dagestan State University”, Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Rabazanov N. I. , Mammaev M. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Dagestan State University”, Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala
Published: February 2022

Recently, it has not been possible to engage in natural reproduction of sturgeons in Dagestan, because the spawning rivers Terek and Sulak are regulated, and the passage to the spawning grounds is completely closed by dams. There is only one way out for the restoration of sturgeon stocks it is artificial reproduction through industrialization and the creation of complex, closed regulated fish farms that can function both in the form of small fish farms and in the form of large holdings. The purpose of the work was to study technological factors in the cultivation of sterlet sturgeon planting material in a recirculation aquaculture system. The object of the study was a population of sterlet sturgeon (Asirepseg ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) – a freshwater fish species of the sturgeon family. The study material was normally pigmented and albino (colored) sterlet with an average initial weight of 60 g. Under the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan studies have been carried out to establish the influence of a complex of biotic and abiotic factors (temperature, oxygen, planting density, feed grade, meat and bone attractant, probiotic Subtilis) on the growth, morphometric indicators and survival of juvenile sterlet sturgeon in the recirculation aquaculture system. The fish-breeding and biological characteristics of pigmented and albino sterlet have been given. It has been established that the design features of the recirculation aquaculture system did not allow to meet the biological needs of sterlet in water. The flow rate of water entering fish tanks was limited to 10 l/min per 1 m³, which provided a water change in 1 hour 40 minutes at a standard of 20–60 minutes. The optimal planting density of sterlet with an initial body weight of 58–64 g under conditions of limited water supply (10 l/min/m³) was the density of 250 pcs. /m³. The effectiveness of using two formulations of compound feed when growing both normally pigmented fish and their albinos showed that the highest fish-breeding indicators were obtained in normally pigmented sterlet when feeding with Sturgeon Grower No. 4 (47/13). The economic effect amounted to 373,5 rubles/m³. In albinos, the highest fish-breeding indicators were obtained when feeding productional feed Sturgeon grower 46/18 with. The economic effect was 285,0 rubles/m³.
Ecoturismo e acessibilidade: uma trilha em LIBRAS
Authors: Amaral Alice Fátima , Oliveira Filipe Vieira de , Sousa Thamyres Alves de
Published: February 2022

O artigo tem o objetivo de discutir e relatar a experiência de planejar e oferecer uma trilha interpretativa de ecoturismo para um grupo de pessoas surdas, bem como apresentar suas impressões sobre a atividade e a acessibilidade no ecoturismo. Trata-se de uma ação realizada pelo Laboratório de Ecoturismo, do curso de Turismo Patrimonial e Socioambiental, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Câmpus de Arraias. A metodologia aplicada teve uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, com trabalho de campo e a aplicação de um questionário para o público participante. Como resultado, observou-se que a comunidade surda muitas vezes deixa de realizar atividades turísticas simplesmente pela falta de comunicação adequada e que a inclusão social dentro do turismo em geral, necessita de melhorias quanto à estrutura física e profissional. As trilhas interpretativas se mostraram, nesse contexto, uma ferramenta interessante para promover a interação do público com o meio ambiente, desde que haja por parte do planejamento dessas atividades, profissionais com domínio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – LIBRAS, com vistas à garantia do pleno acesso dos surdos às diferentes áreas do lazer e do turismo como direito de todos os cidadãos.
Projeto Jovens Guardas na Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA): papel socioambiental das atividades exercidas à luz da Educação Ambiental crítica
Authors: Barreto Maiara Pereira , Meirelles Rosane Moreira Silva de
Published: February 2022

A Educação Ambiental (EA) em espaços não-formais de ensino, à medida que ultrapassam os muros da escola e, integrados aos espaços formais de ensino, buscam atender melhor as demandas socioambientais locais. Analisamos as atividades e percepções dos participantes do “Projeto Jovens Guardas”, na Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), que proporciona aos participantes experiências ligadas à conservação do seu território. Os resultados sugerem influências positivas do projeto nos alunos. Porém, a partir de uma leitura crítica da EA, as atividades do projeto se distanciam de um discurso sobre conflitos sociais, históricos e políticos do território destes alunos. Os resultados contribuem para a reflexão sobre o protagonismo juvenil e suas relações com o seu ambiente.
Horta Viva: a produção de hortaliças orgânicas no ambiente escolar como ferramenta de ensino na Educação Ambiental e alimentar
Authors: Santos Leonardo da Silva , Rocha Roberto Santos , Santos Jadielma Paulino dos , Araújo Lyslem Riquelem de , Costa Millena Duarte , Silva Maria Darleide Pinheiro da , Santos Claudimary Bispo dos
Published: February 2022

A horta é uma ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem de grande importância nas escolas, principalmente por possibilitar vários tópicos em um “laboratório vivo” que, ao final de cada ciclo, servirá de alimento para a própria comunidade escolar. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo promover a Educação Ambiental e alimentar através da implantação de uma horta escolar de base agroecológica em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental de Arapiraca, AL. Para isso, foram realizados oficinas e minicursos sobre temas que contextualizassem as temáticas abordadas, para que, em seguida, fosse dado início ao processo de implantação da horta e cultivo das hortaliças.
Introduction
Authors: Neto Luísa , Leão Anabela Costa , Gracia Jorge
Published: February 2022

The set of papers presented and introduced here reflects the dialogue established between three closely related concepts (vulnerability, care and rights) at the workshop of the same title held online in 2020. Starting from an understanding of vulnerability as a cross-cutting and universal phenomenon, several of the papers reflect on the very nature of the concept and from the point of view of the role of the state and the law in addressing the negative effects of vulnerability. Along with vulnerability, the other axis of the papers is that of care, both in its ethical and political dimensions and from a gender perspective. All of this from an Iberian perspective (related to the constitutional treatment and some legal aspects in Spain and Portugal), but which also encompasses the European perspective, and, in a broader sense, that related to human rights.
Start up Paper Soap Business Based on Katuk Leaf (Sauropus androgyrus (l) merr) by Students in Mandala Waluya University
Authors: Tasnim Tasnim , Saranani Selpirahmawati , M Herianto , Kusuma Nyoman Rudi , Novriyanti Novriyanti , Zainal Mardani , S Sigit Julistiawan , Deratjathun Febby Oliviari , Liharso Hartawan
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan Pendirian start up bisnis mahasiswa ini dilakukan mengingat belum adanya start up bisnis yang dikelola oleh Mahasiswa di Universitas Mandala Waluya. Kegiatan ini merupakan bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) dosen Universitas Mandala Waluya. Dimana melibatkan 6 orang mahasiswa Prodi S1 Farmasi. Star up bisnis mahasiswa dimulai dengan bisnis perdana sabun kertas berbasis daun katuk (Sauropus androgyrus (L) Merr). Dengan melibatkan mahasiswa dalam star up bisinis ini, diharapkan mahasiswa sebelum lulus dari UMW mempunyai tambahan keterampilan kearah enterprenuership. Kegiatan PKM ini dilaksanakan sejak bulan Juni 2021 dimulai dari sosialisasi program dan pembentukan organisasi Start Up Bisnis Mahasiswa. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan pembuatan sediaan sabun kertas berbahan daun katuk. Selanjutnya produksi sediaan sabun kertas berbahan ekstrak daun katuk, pengemasan dan promosi.
Overcoming Data Availability Attacks in Blockchain Systems: LDPC Code Design for Coded Merkle Tree
Authors: Mitra Debarnab , Tauz Lev , Dolecek Lara
Published: February 2022

Light nodes in blockchains improve the scalability of the system by storing a small portion of the blockchain ledger. In certain blockchains, light nodes are vulnerable to a data availability (DA) attack where a malicious node makes the light nodes accept an invalid block by hiding the invalid portion of the block from the nodes in the system. Recently, a technique based on LDPC codes called Coded Merkle Tree (CMT) was proposed by Yu et al. that enables light nodes to detect a DA attack by randomly requesting/sampling portions of the block from the malicious node. However, light nodes fail to detect a DA attack with high probability if a malicious node hides a small stopping set of the LDPC code. To mitigate this problem, Yu et al. used random LDPC codes that achieve large minimum stopping set size with high probability. Although effective, these codes are not necessarily optimal for this application, especially at short code lengths, which are relevant for low latency systems, IoT blockchains, etc.. In this paper, we focus on short code lengths and demonstrate that a suitable co-design of specialized LDPC codes and the light node sampling strategy can improve the probability of detection of DA attacks. We consider different adversary models based on their computational capabilities of finding stopping sets in LDPC codes. For a weak adversary model, we devise a new LDPC code construction termed as the entropy-constrained PEG (EC-PEG) algorithm which concentrates stopping sets to a small group of variable nodes. We demonstrate that the EC-PEG algorithm coupled with a greedy sampling strategy improves the probability of detection of DA attacks. For stronger adversary models, we provide a co-design of a sampling strategy called linear-programming-sampling (LP- sampling) and an LDPC code construction called linear-programming-constrained PEG (LC-PEG) algorithm. The new co-design demonstrates a higher probability of detection of DA attacks compared to approaches in earlier literature.
A Novel Space Based Hosting Approach for Ultra Low Latency Web Services
Authors: Dalai Debabrata , B. S. Manoj , Bala Sukumaran Vineeth , Babu Sarath
Published: February 2022

Data, we have consider for network traffic is English Wikipedia traffic trace. The network topology we used for our work is Iridium Next Satellite constellation.
Invisible Geolocation Signature Extraction From a Single Image
Authors: Choi Jisoo , Wong Chau-Wai , Hajj-Ahmad Adi , Wu Min , Ren Yanping
Published: February 2022

Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (T-IFS) in Dec. 2021. Under review.
APEX: Characterizing Attack Behaviors from Network Anomalies
Authors: Kalupahana Liyanage Kushan Sudheera , Tian Zixu , Divakaran Dinil Mon , Chan Mun Choon , Gurusamy Mohan
Published: February 2022

 Networks regularly face various threats and attacks that manifest in their communication traffic. Recent works proposed unsupervised approaches, e.g., using a variational autoencoder, that are not only effective in detecting anomalies in network traffic, but also practical as they do not require ground truth or labeled data. However, the problem of characterizing anomalies into different attack behaviors is still less explored; in this work, we study this specific problem. We develop APEX, a framework that employs data mining approaches in a semi-supervised way to extract the attack patterns from anomalous traffic and links them to specific attack types. APEX comprises two levels of mining: the first level extracts patterns in anomalous network flows, and the second level characterizes behaviors in the extracted patterns into different attack classes. We carry out extensive experiments on real network traces obtained from the MAWI traffic archive. The evaluations demonstrate that APEX is effective in extracting distinguishable behaviors of network attacks from anomalous traffic, and provide useful insights to security analysts investigating the anomalies. 
APEX: Characterizing Attack Behaviors from Network Anomalies
Authors: Kalupahana Liyanage Kushan Sudheera , Tian Zixu , Divakaran Dinil Mon , Chan Mun Choon , Gurusamy Mohan
Published: February 2022

Networks regularly face
various threats and attacks that manifest in their communication traffic.
Recent works proposed unsupervised approaches, e.g., using
a variational autoencoder, that are not only effective in
detecting anomalies in network traffic, but also
practical as they do not require ground truth
or labeled data. However, the problem of characterizing anomalies
into different attack behaviors is still less explored; in
this work, we study this specific problem. We develop APEX, a framework that employs data mining
approaches in a semi-supervised way
to extract the attack patterns from anomalous traffic
and links them to specific attack types. APEX comprises two
levels of mining; the first level extracts patterns in anomalous network flows, and the second level
characterizes behaviors in the extracted patterns into
four different attack classes. We carry out extensive
experiments on real network traces obtained from the MAWI
traffic archive. The evaluations demonstrate that APEX is
effective in extracting distinguishable behaviors of network attacks from anomalous traffic, which we
believe, provides useful insights to security
analysts investigating the anomalies.
A Pipelined Algorithm and Area-efficient Architecture for Serial Real-valued FFT
Authors: HongJi Fang
Published: February 2022

In this brief, we present a novel pipelined architecture for real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT), which is dedicated to processing serial input data. An optimized algorithm is proposed for stage division in RFFT to achieve an area-efficient RFFT computing structure with full hardware utilization. A single path butterfly and a real rotator are merged into one processing element (PE) in each stage, except the last stage, to reduce hardware resource utilization. In addition, a novel shift-adder is designed for N-point RFFT with W-bit signals, and a new data management method based on the PEs is proposed, which saves resources with a more regular flow graph.
Feature Extraction Of PPG By Convolutional Kernel And Estimation Of ABP By Higher-Order Regression
Authors: Ikari Hisashi
Published: February 2022

It is important to measure the blood pressure resulting from ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction during the long term of daily life to provide awareness of the need to increase healthy life expectancy. However, it is difficult to measure blood pressure for a long period of time using an invasive cartel or a cuff system with compression. Therefore, in this study, we estimate ABP from PPG, which is a non-invasive optical blood volume measurement. We used deep learning to obtain robust features for two groups of variables, including local variation and potential vascular elasticity. In addition, the direct projection from PPG to ABP is difficult and difficult to explain. Therefore, we set the problem of blood pressure estimation by reducing the difficulty to a regression problem with a rounded projection, which is relatively easy to explain. As a result, we obtained a MAE of 3.39 and an STD of 5.88, which are close to those of previous studies. Although more research on individual differences and robustness between groups is needed, the results are promising for future development in medical practice where explanations are needed.
Sum Rate Optimization of IRS-Aided Uplink Muliantenna NOMA with Practical Reflection
Authors: Choi Jihyun , Cantos Luiggi , Choi Jinho , Kim Yun Hee
Published: February 2022

In this letter, we consider intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for the uplink employing multiple receive antennas in order to achieve high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. In particular, the phase shifts of the IRS are optimized under a generalized reflection model to maximize the sum rate. For the unit modulus reflection, a determinant-maximization problem is formulated and solved through extended semidefinite relaxation (max-det). For the practical reflection, we apply the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm by deriving the gradient of the complicated objective function. Based on the results, we observe that the max-det solution provides a near-optimal performance but at high complexity for a large number N of IRS elements, while the L-BFGS relieves the complexity issue for a large N and provides a performance comparable to or better than a conventional sequential optimization at a reduced computational time.
5GQUALITY: Demonstration of QoE Management using MPTCP and Segment Routing in SDN/NFV
Authors: Barakabitze Alcardo Alex
Published: February 2022

As multimedia streaming services continue to grow towards 6G networks, service providers have adopted cutting- edge paradigms such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to implement traffic en- gineering solutions in order to improve the network throughput, application performance and the end-users Quality of Experience (QoE). In this demo, a novel SDN-based MPTCP/SR approach for QoE-aware multimedia services delivery for 5G networks is proposed. The aim is to increase network resources utilization, system throughput and the end-users’ QoE. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the architecture, the performance results of the QoE-aware MPTCP SDN/NFV SR-based approach, the classical MPTCP and TCP in terms of system throughput and the end-users QoE were compared. Preliminary results shows that, the proposed approach outperforms the other aforementioned methods. The results of this demo were published in [1] and [2].
Electro-optic beamforming for seamless wireless-to-optical digital constellation-mapping
Authors: Ghosh Niloy , Pendharker Sarang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we show that seamless wireless-to-optical constellation-mapping is inherently governed by the direction of wireless reception. This lays the foundation for seamless electro-optic beamforming in wireless-over-optical links. We show that seamless electro-optic beamforming is governed by (i) direction-dependent electro-optic array-factor of the beamformer, and (ii) direction-dependent effective wireless constellation-rotation. The analytical conditions and design equations for enhancing the spatial selectivity of electro-optic beamformers  are discussed in detail. The inadvertent nature of secondary maximas of the electro-optic array-factor is pointed out. We also highlight the impact of effective wireless constellation-rotation on seamless constellation-mapping. Further, we propose a seamless electro-optic beamforming configuration that enables wireless-spatial to optical-wavelength division multiplexing. The theoretical contributions presented in this paper are crucial for further investigation and practical realization of seamless wireless-over-optical links in next-generation communication systems like B5G and 6G.
Electro-Optic beamforming in seamless wireless-to-photonic receiver arrays
Authors: Ghosh Niloy , Pendharker Sarang
Published: February 2022

This paper develops the theory behind electro-optic beamforming in seamless wireless-to-photonic receiver arrays. We show that the modulated phase of a traveling optical carrier signal in a wireless-to-photonic receiver array is governed by the direction of wireless reception, forming the basis for seamless electro-optic beamforming. We define a parameter referred to as the electro-optic array factor, which essentially governs the shape of the resultant electro-optic beam pattern. The analytical and physical interpretations behind maximas and nulls in seamless electro-optic beamforming are presented, and the design equations for controlling the electro-optic beam pattern are derived. In addition, the inadvertent nature of the presence of secondary electro-optic maximas is highlighted. Two distinct configurations of seamless electro-optic beamforming i.e. parallel-k and anti-parallel-k modes are introduced and compared. Further, a seamless electro-optic beamforming configuration that enables spatial-to-wavelength division multiplexing is proposed towards the end of the paper. The core theoretical contributions presented in this paper are crucial for further investigation and practical realization of seamless electro-optic beamforming in the next-generation communication systems like B5G and 6G.
Formação e qualificação das equipes do serviço aeromédico no Brasil
Authors: Silva Bruno Gonçalves da , Carvalho Vânia Paula de , Marchetti Maria Eduarda Becho Arger , Elias André Alves , Ferreira Flávio Lopes , Aguiar Filho Armando Sérgio de
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Descrever sobre a formação e qualificação dos profissionais de saúde que realizam remoções aéreas, suas particularidades e legislações pertinentes, no Brasil. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, sobre o processo de formação, qualificação e atuação profissional no serviço de transporte aéreo. O desenvolvimento do estudo deuse no período de julho a agosto de 2021. Resultado: O transporte aeromédico possui duas áreas com características muito distintas, o setor de aviação e o da medicina aeroespacial. Entretanto, possuem processos muito similares, as regulamentações são fragmentadas, as legislações são inespecíficas e há pouca oferta de formação e/ou capacitações. Assim, é essencial o uso de novas ferramentas para gestão do conhecimento. Conclusão: O processo de formação profissional demanda tempo, qualificação específica e desenvolvimento de habilidades avançadas. Para tal, as equipes devem ser especializadas, experientes, capazes de tomar decisões precisas e rápidas.
Increasing the load capacity of a gear transmission under skew conditions by reducing contact stresses by means of longitudinal modification of the teeth
Authors:   Nakhatakyan F.G.
Published: February 2022

A method was developed and dependencies were obtained for determining the parameters of the longitudinal modification of the gear wheels teeth. Longitudinal modification is an effective way to reduce contact stresses in case of misalignment of axes in gear mechanisms, increases the load capacity of the gear transmission. Examples of calculation are given.
Keywords: gear transmission, contact spot, axle misalignment, uneven load distribution, longitudinal modification, barrel shape.
filnahat7@mail.ru
Teachers’ Reflective Thinking Practice: Descriptive Study during COVID-19 in SMP N 2 Singaraja, Bali
Authors: Wati Ni Putu Harista , Myartawan I Putu Ngurah Wage , Wahyuni Luh Gede Eka
Published: February 2022

The study aims to analyze the English teachers’ perceptions about reflective thinking in SMP N 2 Singaraja. This research conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The participants were four English teachers in SMP N 2 Singaraja. The data collection was done through Google form questionnaire that consists of 20 statements in which have five options in each statement such as Always (5), Often (4), Sometimes (3), Rarely (2), and Never (1). Moreover, the teachers should fill in based on their experiences. The results showed that four teachers were in advanced level of reflective thinking teachers. The results of this study are expected to be a baseline for future improvement of reflective thinking during the online learning. Further study is needed because it is only describing on how teachers perceived themselves as reflective thinking in online learning, although this study needs further study in actual action of reflective thinking.
Developing an Android-Based English Reading Material for the Eighth Grade Students in Mtsn Karangasem
Authors: Rahmanita Risci Ayu , Ratminingsih Ni Made , Juniarta Putu Adi Krisna
Published: February 2022

This study intended to find out the needs of the eighth-grade students in learning English and to develop an android-based application for learning English reading material in MTsN Karangasem. This study used the design and development research design model proposed by Richey & Klein (2014) which consisted of three major steps namely; 1) Design, 2) Development, 3) Evaluation. The subjects of this study were the eighth grade students of MTsN Karangasem, the English teacher in MTsN Karangasem, and integrated technology experts. The instruments used in this study were questionnaire, interview guide, and product evaluation sheets. The data were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the students’ motivation to learn English was lack and need more learning resources or materials to learn reading comprehension. The eighth-grade students need a smartphone application that provides reading material learned in the class. The material developed in this study was limited to Recount Text material. The quality of the application got a high score from experts, which categorized in the excellent category. The use of the effective application with meaningful learning activities for learning reading comprehension for the eighth-grade students is strongly suggested
PROBING THE STINT OF RASA: NĀTYAṠĀSTRA AND FORMS OF ARTS
Authors: Anasuya Adhikari  , Dr. Birbal Saha
Published: February 2022

The theory of Rasa has been a fascinating term both in performing and visual arts. Though the origin of the term date back historically enveloping millenniums; the application of the theory is so very axiomatic till date. While defining drama, the Sanskrit legend Bharata Muni says, “Nātya is trailokyānukaraṇa”, which means, “Drama is an imitation of the three worlds”. The major text dealing with Rasa is Nātyaṡāstra, penned by Bharat Muni. The paper tries to heave light on the concept of Rasa and how Rasa finds its application in each and every form of art, evoking emotion in the reader or audience and helping them to transcend the mortal world to a world of spiritual and moral consciousness.
KEYWORDS: Aesthetics, Bharata Muni, Nātyaṡāstra, Rasa, Rasa in Arts