bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of fatty acids as feedstocks for biofuels from Gmelina arborea waste leaves
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria, Ibrahim Haruna , Bugaje Idris ,   National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna-Nigeria, Nwosibe Patrick ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna-Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This work was aimed at; investigating a clean method of removing waste leaves from the waste stream, converting them into fatty acids, biodiesel feedstock, or upgrading to deoxygenated fuels for higher energy content. Waste leaves of Gmelina arborea were collected, cleaned, and pulverized with ceramic mortar and pestle. A 50g of the pulverized leaves were thermally hydrolyzed over 0.75g of H2SO4, NaOH, and ZnCl2 catalysts and 500mL distilled water on a GallenKamp hot plate magnetic stirrer at 100oC for 30 minutes. The extracts were filtered with a sheet cloth, dried with 0.2% anhydrous MgSO4 and weighed. Each extract was analyzed with a gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) machine to determine its components and compositions. The quantities of fatty acids extracted over H2SO4, NaOH, and ZnCl2 were 228.30g, 184.30g and 118.43g respectively. The biodiesel estimated from the fatty acids extracted was found to be 240.02g, 193.8g and 124.39g respectively. Also, the estimated bio-hydrogenated gasoline (BHG) and bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) were found to be 192.27g, 154.97g and 87.37g respectively. The process yields more biodiesel than conventional seed oils. This process would be more economical to achieve a biofuel economy than the use of lipids from oil seeds. Keywords: biofuels, development, fatty acids, feedstocks, Gmelina arborea, waste leaves
ETHICS OF JOURNALISTIC COMMUNICATION IN CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIONS FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION
Authors: Saragih Muhammad Yoserizal
Published: June 2023

Every media competes to present information of public interest. Fierce competition between media institutions Current masses sometimes make them not work based on Some regulations written about the role and function of journalists in Indonesian. Disobedience to the rules by workers of journalist agencies can be seen from violations of journalistic ethics. The Code of Ethics for Journalism is a set of rules in the form of a Code of Ethics that binds practicing journalists. Good and true reporting must be in line with journalism ethics by prioritizing responsibility social to serve the information needs of the community. Based on the provisions of Law No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press in Article 7 paragraph 2, journalists are required to have and obey the Code of Journalistic Ethics. This study discusses how a journalist carries out his duties professionally based on the Code of Ethics in carrying out investigations. The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of the journalistic code of ethics carried out by journalists or journalists in maintaining their professionalism in carrying out their duties. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that journalists or journalists in the city of Medan understand and have the same understanding of the journalistic code of ethics as a rule of law in carrying out journalistic duties. Journalists use ethical means when doing work as journalists.
The Administrative Center or Economic Center: Which Dominates the Regional Green Development Pattern? A Case Study of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Liu Kaidi , Sun Yong , Yang Duogui
Published: June 2023

Central cities play a critical role as beneficial areas for regional development and lead the high-quality development of an entire region and surrounding cities. As social and economic activities expand, the regional development pattern becomes more complex. This is typically manifested in the separation of administrative and economic centers. In this context, there is high research value in identifying the roles of different types of central cities in the regional green development pattern. This paper analyzes the urban linkage pattern and evolving characteristics of green development in the Shandong Peninsula, China, from 2016 to 2020. The study adopts the methods of Bootstrap Data Development Analysis, Modified Gravity Model, and Social Network Analysis. The results show the following. (1) Both the administrative center and economic center have positive driving effects on the spatial connection of surrounding cities in the urban agglomeration. There is a multi-point, multi-core, and multi-path spatial correlation in the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. (2) The joint strength of the administrative center is higher compared to the economic center, and most of the green development partnerships are centered on the provincial capital. (3) The gravitational force of cities close to the administrative center is generally higher than seen with the economic center cities, but there is a gradual emergence of a substantial gravitational effect of the economic center.
 
Received: 11 April 2023 | Revised: 23 May 2023 | Accepted: 9 June 2023 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Subjetividad moderna y nihilismo. Una lectura filosófica de la narrativa de Juan Rulfo
Authors: Gómez Vargas Christian Guillermo
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo propone realizar una lectura filosófica de la narrativa de Rul- fo, en especial del cuento “Luvina”, haciendo hincapié en la interpretación de la historia y el antihistoricismo según Nietzsche; con la finalidad de explorar de manera crítica los ideales de la figura moderna del progreso. Igualmente, examina la concepción de la historia —siguiendo a Benjamin— a partir de una noción a contrapelo de los discursos hegemónicos de la narración histórica de Occidente, entendida ésta en clave de catástrofe. Este análisis será comprendido como una estrategia para rememorar a las víctimas ausentes de la figura del pro- greso histórico, a quienes hallamos en los personajes olvidados y desarraigados de la modernidad rural mexicana de mitad del siglo xx, descrita por Rulfo. Dichos personajes representan una subjetividad angustiada del México posrevolucionario y tienden a volcarse a su interioridad, debido al absurdo de un mundo cada vez más ajeno a lo humano.
Prevalence of Hypouricemia and Hyperuricemia and Looking Beyond Serum Uric Acid in Patients with Newly Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Shailendra K , Singh Rina , Singh Santosh K
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU) and hypouricemia (Hypo-U) is highly variable in different parts of India and there is a lack of data from the Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. We designed this study in order to know the exact prevalence of HU and Hypo-U. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Varanasi. Data were collected from newly onset diabetic patients over a period of 1 year. Results: Among the 312 diabetic patients, 12.5 and 19.23% were found to have HU and Hypo-U, respectively. Hypouricemic diabetic patients are phenotypically different. They are characterized by the female sex, higher glycated hemoglobin A1c (GlyHbA1c), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower body mass index (BMI), and less insulin resistance. Conclusion: The prevalence of HU and Hypo-U is high in newly-onset diabetic patients. Hypouricemic diabetic patients are phenotypically different. Hence routine screening of uric acid is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hypouricemic diabetic patients.
Naftifine: A Topical Allylamine for Superficial Dermatophytosis
Authors: Trailokya Abhijit A , Shirsat Amar B , Madhu R , Shah Bela
Published: June 2023

Dermatophytosis is a very common public health problem with high prevalence. Dermatophytes are a highly specialized set of filamentous fungi, which are adapted to keratinized tissues of humans and animals. Dermatophytosis is the most common fungal infection worldwide, affecting approximately 20–25% of the world’s population. The etiological agents of dermatophytosis, called dermatophytes, change with geography and socioeconomic status. Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the prime species for skin and nail infections followed by T. mentagrophytes/ T. interdigital complex. There is a shift from T. rubrum to T. mentagrophytes in India for superficial fungal infections. In order to deal with fungal infections, treatment strategies involve the use of systemic antifungals and/or topical antifungal agents. Naftifine is a synthetic allylamine antifungal first reported in 1974 and in 1985 became the first commercially available allylamine. The highly lipophilic nature of allylamine allows efficient penetration and reasonably high concentrations in the stratum corneum (SC) and hair follicles. Naftifine is fungicidal as well as fungistatic. The higher efficacy rates of allylamines over imidazoles for the treatment of fungal infections, even for months after cessation of treatment, is thought to be due to their fungicidal effect, as well as to potentially greater keratin binding and slower release from the SC. The effectiveness of naftifine is also demonstrated against various bacteria belonging to both gram-negative and gram-positive classes. The antiinflammatory property of naftifine has been reported in various preclinical studies where it has been shown to target the prostaglandin pathway. Naftifine 1 and 2% gel and cream is approved by The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), recently naftifine has been approved in India by the Indian regulatory authority Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Naftifine 2% also appears to be a promising treatment, requiring fewer applications than the 1% formulation. Naftifine appears to be effective in a single dose and has a shorter treatment duration than azoles. Naftifine demonstrated its efficacy and safety in various clinical studies of tinea infections. Naftifine offers a very useful and promising option for treating dermatophytosis.
Effect of Occupational Therapy in Promoting Medication Adherence in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garrison Traci A. , Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Moore Elizabeth S.
Published: June 2023

Importance: The Integrative Medication Self-Management Intervention (IMedS) is a manualized occupational therapy intervention designed to improve adherence to medications. The intervention influences medication adherence and facilitates new medication habits and routines; however, it has not been tested in a community clinical setting.

Objective: To test the efficacy of the IMedS to address medication adherence rates among community-dwelling adults with hypertension (HTN), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or both.

Design: Randomized controlled trial using a pretest–posttest control group design.

Setting: Primary care clinic in a large federally qualified health center.

Participants: Adults with uncontrolled HTN, T2DM, or both.

Intervention: Participants were divided into two groups: The control group received treatment as usual (TAU) per the primary care protocol, and the intervention IMedS group received TAU and the IMedS intervention.

Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome: seven-item version of the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS–7), pill count, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, or all of these.

Results: The proportion of adherent participants increased in both groups, but between groups, changes were not statistically significant. Post hoc comparisons of the results of a mixed analysis of variance for ARMS–7 measurements indicated that the occupational therapy intervention had a unique effect, compared with that for the TAU control group (dc = 0.65). Effect scores for pill count (d = 0.55) also suggested that the occupational therapy intervention positively affected adherence.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapists can provide assessment and intervention to positively influence medication adherence in a primary care setting.

What This Article Adds: This article provides a better understanding of the occupational therapist’s role in addressing medication management and adherence on the interdisciplinary primary care medical team.
ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DA VARIAÇÃO DA LINHA DE COSTA EM PRAIAS ESTUARINAS DO NORDESTE DO PARÁ
Authors: BAÍA Lohan Barbosa , RANIERI Leilanhe Almeida , ROSÁRIO Renan Peixoto
Published: June 2023

A análise de variações na linha de costa através de imagens multitemporais permite a identificação de processos erosivos e acrecionais em uma escala evolutiva. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças na linha de costa de praias estuarinas do litoral amazônico (município de Marapanim), entre os anos de 1988 a 2016, por meio de imagens do satélite Landsat. A partir da digitalização de linhas de costa das praias de Santa Maria, Marudá e Crispim, nos referentes anos e, utilizado a extensão Digital Shoreline Analysis (DSAS) no software ArcGis, foi possível realizar cálculos estatísticos de amplitude espacial (m) e taxa de variação anual (m/ano) do posicionamento da linha de costa. Os resultados indicaram que a praia de Santa Maria está em estado de equilíbrio sedimentar a acresção, apresentando variações de 3,89 a -1,23 m/ano ao longo da linha de costa. As praias de Marudá e Crispim estão em processo predominante de acreção costeira, apresentando linearmente variações de 8,87 a -1,61 m/ano, 40,91 a -9,82 m/ano; respectivamente. Contudo, fenômenos climáticos, físicos e impactos antrópicos podem ter sido responsáveis pela diminuição da taxa acrecional da linha de costa em determinados períodos (1994-2008), em setores distintos das praias.
QUALIFICAÇÃO DA CONFIABILIDADE PARA STOPES PLANEJADOS UTILIZANDO O ÍNDICE DE RISCO (IR)
Authors: GOMES Hugo Leonardo de Ávila
Published: June 2023

Os stopes de lavra são planejados considerando-se as geometrias do corpo mineralizado e do desenvolvimento das galerias, obedecendo-se o sequenciamento da mina. Após desenhados, é feita a quantificação de massa e teores para cada stope com o intuito de avaliar se atendem ao teor de corte pré-definido para a lavra. Porém, os valores cubados são extraídos do modelo de blocos estimado e é importante se saber o nível de confiabilidade para aqueles valores de massa e teor encontrados. Para solucionar essa questão foi feita uma avaliação de diversos métodos disponíveis, incluindo Slope of Regression (SOR), Eficiência de Krigagem (EK), Índice Geométrico dos Dados (IGD) e Índice de Risco (IR). Checando-se os resultados obtidos, com base nos melhores cenários de pesquisa da mina Pilar, optou-se por utilizar o Índice de Risco como método de qualificação da confiabilidade dos stopes de lavra planejados.
Implementasi PBL Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Problem Solving, Kemandirian, dan Hasil Belajar pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Widyasari Marlita , Hadiyanti Agnes Herlina Dwi , Kriswanto Yohanes Bruri
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan problem solving, kemandirian belajar, dan hasil belajar peserta didik masih rendah ketika kegiatan pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tahapan planning, acting, observing, dan reflecting. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Kanisius Demangan Baru I dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik kelas II C jumlah peserta didik 20. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan problem solving, kemandirian belajar, serta hasil belajar peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif. Kemampuan skor rata-rata problem solving prasiklus sebesar 37,5%, siklus 1 sebesar 55%, dan siklus 2 sebesar 70%; skor rata-rata kemandirian belajar ditahap prasiklus sebesar 50%, siklus 1 sebesar 69%, dan siklus 2 sebesar 75%; dan nilai rata-rata peserta didik prasiklus 70,6, pada siklus 1 nilai rata-rata peserta didik 90, dan siklus 2 nilai rata-rata peserta didik menjadi 96. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan problem solving, kemandirian belajar, serta hasil belajar.
Smoothing Parameter Selection and Alpha-Stable P-Adic Time Signals
Authors: Sabre Rachid , Horrigue Walid
Published: June 2023

The estimation of the spectral density of stable p-adic signals is already done. Such estimation is based on smoothing the periodogram by using a spectral window. The convergence rate of this estimator depends on bandwidth of spectral window (called the smoothing parameter). The aim of this work is to give a technique for selecting the optimal parameter, i.e. the parameter that achieves the estimation with the best convergence rate. For that purpose, we were inspired by the cross-validation method of finding the optimal parameter. This method minimizes the integrated square error estimate.
Rotational Augmentation Techniques: A New Perspective on Ensemble Learning for Image Classification
Authors: Aseguinolaza Unai Munoz , Sierra Basilio , Aginako Naiara
Published: June 2023

The popularity of data augmentation techniques in machine learning has increased in recent years, as they enable the creation of new samples from existing datasets. Rotational augmentation, in particular, has shown great promise by revolving images and utilising them as additional data points for training. The research in this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rotational augmentation techniques and different voting systems in improving image classification accuracy. To accomplish this, several image datasets were evaluated using various augmentation methods, which were employed to generate testing sets. Subsequently, voting systems were used to determine the most reliable outcome for each original data. The findings of this study suggest that rotational augmentation techniques can significantly enhance the accuracy of classification models. Additionally, the selection of a voting scheme can considerably impact the model's performance. Overall, the study found that using an ensemble-based voting system produced more accurate results than simple voting.
Development of an AI-Robotics 3D Printed Circle of Command for Enhancing Accessibility and Mobility in Individuals with Mobility Issues
Authors: Shih Chia Sheng , Sahagun Jonathan
Published: June 2023

According to the CDC, 13.7% of adults in the United States have mobility issues, which is about 42 million peoplewho have that issue. The purpose of this paper is to utilize artificial intelligence and robotics packaged in a3Dprinted Circle of Command to help make the lives of those 42 million people easier [5]. A raspberry pi is usedtopower and process the voice control commands and turn the voice commands into actions that respond tothecommands [6]. The voice control is achieved through three microphones that are embedded from the inside of theCircle of Command using holes to listen to any potential voice commands, and as the raspberry pi can't input analog output which is outputted from the microphones, the microphones and the raspberry pi are connected toananalog to digital converter that allows the raspberry pi and the microphones to exchange information smoothlyRobotics is used in the stepper motor and the gear that is used to turn the top of the lazy susan, which is 3Dprintedso that there are gears on the inside of the top. There is also a home switch that will home the lazy susan. Thereisno practical application of this AI Robotic Circle of Command as it is just a prototype, and so there are no results, but it is hoped that it will be able to change some of the 42 million lives once the production of the production model begins, the production model will be larger than the prototype as the prototype serves as only a proof of concept andshows that this idea is actually doable [7].
An Intelligent Recommendation Platform that Utilizes Artificial Intelligence to Drive People to Make Better Food Decisions
Authors: Sun Julian , Li Ang
Published: June 2023

People are often given options on restaurants to eat at and are also given the ratings of those restaurants. However, the ratings can sometimes be rather similar and hard to choose from, and it can also be hard to find a restaurant that suits a person's special needs, and people often eat at a singular place once they find a good restaurant; we want to change that by trying to encourage people to try new restaurants. While our idea isn't original, we still decided to add it to the list of probably hundreds of sites out there that do the same thing. We made a restaurant recommendation with one purpose in mind, to gather data from restaurants and share that data with everyone. We used many methods to get that data, create a user interface, and add that data to the site so everyone can use it. This project had originated from another idea for a Roblox sniping site which I was told was a bit too advanced and was suggested something similar in design. A restaurant recommender and a Roblox sniping site are similar in the way they both use web scraping. Web scraping is the ability of a website to get the code from other sites. Our restaurant recommender gets data from Yelp to add to our database in the way that a Roblox sniping site can get information from the Roblox catalog to display to people to see when there's a good bargain. The restaurant recommender uses the data it gets to give recommendations for a better restaurant and it gives the 3 worst reviews on the restaurant, which are to highlight some of the potential flaws of the input restaurant. The main pieces of data the recommender gets are the restaurant genre for people to see what kind of restaurant it is, the restaurant region to see what type of food the restaurant serves, the restaurant type to see if its a bar or restaurant or what type it is, the restaurant's overall rating to see how good the restaurant is, and the Yelp page of the restaurant, for a deeper look into the restaurant itself. We then use the data to get a better restaurant. We use the restaurant type, region, and genre to find a similar restaurant, and we use the rating to find a restaurant with a better rating. We used many libraries and coding languages to build our site. We used HTML and CSS to build the user interface, we used Python to run the server we were using and build the web scraper, and then we used csv for the database containing all the data. We used beautiful soup to organize the data, and we used requests to get user input. We used pandas for the data analysis and we used sklearn to build the predictor for a better restaurant.
Designing and Testing User-Club Systems to Improve Club Organization and Participation in High Schools and Colleges
Authors: Cao Hank , Chang Marisabel
Published: June 2023

Contemporary high schools have seen a significant rise in student-led clubs, whether they are academic, sports, or special-interest related. In them, students are able to collaborate with other like-minded peers and develop their unique hobbies and interests. However, in many of these high schools and especially those of ours, we have observed a lack of motivation and participation associated with poor club organization and communication. Inspired by existing software utilized by these clubs and building upon their features, we have designed and implemented a user-club system intended to help a myriad of clubs in high schools and colleges to manage their club events and membership [4]. Two experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of two different applications designed to help high school clubs manage their events and membership. For the first experiment, 10 participants tested a user-club system, and for the second experiment, another 10 participants tested an application. Both experiments showed positive results, with participants providing feedback on the applications' functionality and convenience. However, a few participants reported issues, indicating that refinement may be necessary for optimal usability. In the first experiment, most participants reported improvement in their club's participation and member interest, but a few reported little to no improvement, suggesting that the system may not be effective for all types of clubs. Further testing and refinement are necessary for both applications to determine their effectiveness for different types of clubs and user populations.
A Procedural Generation Platform to Create Randomized Gaming Maps using 2D Model and Machine Learning
Authors: Lee Nathan , Morris John
Published: June 2023

As a video game developer, the most difficult problem I ran into was creating a map for the game, as it was difficult to create non repetitive and original gameplay [1]. My project proposes a solution to this problem as I use Answer Set Programming to create a program to procedurally generate maps for a video game [2]. In order to test its reliability, I allowed it to generate around 10,000 maps, stored the data of each of the maps, and used the common trends I find in the data to find problems with the program and fix it in the future. In developing a video game, level creation consumes a major portion of the development total time and level procedural generation techniques can potentially mitigate this problem. This research focused on developing a VVVVVV style level generator using Answer set programming for the game Mem.experiment which was developed at the same time. VVVVVV is a 2D puzzle platformer that uses changes in direction of gravity instead of jumping for the player's vertical movement [3]. During the development of the level generator, 10,000 levels were created. I found out that the average total time it took between generations is 45 seconds, and the average time for ASP to generate a map is 12 seconds [4]. This means that the process of displaying the generation took between 2x - 3x longer than generating the ASP solution.
Development and Evaluation of an AI-Enabled Nutrient Intake Monitoring App for Obesity and Diabetes Prevention in Young People: A Comparative Study with Live Scanning and Photo-Uploading Methods
Authors: Yuan Jiheng , Phan Victor
Published: June 2023

Obesity and diabetes are prevalent health issues worldwide, especially among young people. To address this, an app was proposed to help users monitor their daily nutrient intake and prevent obesity and diabetes [1]. The app uses AI scanning to analyze the nutrient level of food and suggests a suitable daily nutrient intake for the user based on their age and gender. Data storage allows users to track their meal history and create a personalized diet plan [2]. The app was compared to similar systems, and it was found that live scanning is more intuitive and convenient than photo uploading. Additionally, the proposed app was tested in two experiments and was found to be effective in identifying food items and received generally positive feedback from users, but further improvements are necessary to enhance accuracy and user experience. In the first experiment, the accuracy of the AI model for predicting food items was tested using a combination of existing and customized datasets [3]. A total of 227 food items were tested, including bananas, watermelons, peaches, tomatoes, pineapples, rice, fries, hamburgers, eggs, noodles, and other items. The results showed an overall accuracy rate of 82% for all food items tested, with pineapple having the highest accuracy at 100% and peaches having the lowest accuracy at 60%. In the second experiment, 15 participants tested the application's features and provided feedback through a survey. The results showed that the application was successful in its implementation of features and received generally positive feedback, with an average functionality rating of 8.13 and an average convenience rating of 7.67.
A Structured Note-Taking Program to Aid in Data Retention and Promote Organization using Mobile Devices as a Medium
Authors: Gao Mingyuan , Contreras Armando
Published: June 2023

In recent years, note-taking applications have become a common tool due to the simple organizational features it can provide. A key aspect of note-taking applications is the ability to efficiently record and edit large amounts of data. SQL databases are well suited to this task because they provide a reliable and scalable way to manage structured data, allowing note-taking applications to more efficiently store notes, tags and metadata associated with each note. They also support search and retrieval operations, enabling users to quickly find the information they have recorded. In addition, SQL databases provide features such as data stabilization, alternation and access, which help ensure the integrity and security of user-entered data. By utilizing SQL database replication and sharing features, note-taking applications can distribute their data across multiple servers, improving performance and reliability. In our experiments, the app demonstrated its reliability and memory capabilities. With a mean load time of 3 seconds. In summary, note-taking applications benefit from using SQL databases due to their efficiency, scalability, and data management features. These advantages help users maintain integrity, find information quickly, and keep their notes secure.
COVID-19 alternate care sites: RN perspective
Authors: Arnese Stern Irma , Broome Marion , Turner Barbara , Fuchs Mary Ann
Published: June 2023

Nurse-reported benefits and challenges can aid planning for the future.
Morfologia urbana e distribuição de grupos sociais: rivalidades e divisões espaciais em São João Nepomuceno / MG
Authors: Velasco Mauricio , Gonçalves Raquel
Published: June 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de desvendar as formas de distribuição dos grupos sociais na cidade de São João Nepomuceno, no estado de Minas Gerais, tendo como fio condutor um estudo antropológico já realizado sobre a cidade, e que expõe, entre outros elementos, a tradição, presente nesta comunidade, de constituir agremiações rivais inseridas em diversos aspectos da vida social, como o carnaval e o futebol. O presente trabalho visa complementar esse estudo já existente, desta vez com foco na espacialidade. O que se propõe aqui é que, para além de aspectos sociais já conhecidos e explorados, outros elementos, como renda, raça e religião, testemunhados sobretudo a partir de seu espaço urbano, sejam apresentados como ferramenta de entendimento das dinâmicas sociais desta sociedade.
Movimento de resistência socioterritorial: os índios Xikrin e a sua luta em prol das suas terras invadidas e devastadas
Authors: Pontes Beatriz Maria Soares
Published: June 2023

O presente trabalho discute, em primeiro lugar, a legislação concernente aos direitos humanos, bem como àquelas alusivas às Terras Indígenas. Na sequência, tece considerações sobre a reprodução social, as atividades produtivas, a cultura e a religião dos Xikrin. Posteriormente, salienta as questões referentes às retiradas de madeiras, às retiradas dos minérios, além da implementação de lotes ilegais, nas terras dos Xikrin. Denuncia a poluição das águas, bem como as consequências para a saúde desta comunidade tradicional. E, finaliza, observando que, em face dos assuntos estudados que se remetem aos movimentos de resistência socioterritoriais, torna-se imprescindível o repensar do suporte teórico referente à supracitada temática.
Colombianos e colombianas: um povo que não se cala diante dos imperativos destruidores do Neoliberalismo: entrevista com a Professora Dra. Aura González Serna
Authors: Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de
Published: June 2023

Entrevista realizada pelo grupo de pesquisa Movimentos Sociais e Espaço Urbano (MSEU) com a Profa. Dra. Aura Gonzáles Serna, da Universidad Pontifícia Bolivariana, em Medellín, Colômbia. Esta entrevista teve como finalidade principal a de esclarecer as razões fundamentais e a natureza político-filosófica dos atuais protestos desencadeados no seu país, o que se faz importante para o acompanhamento de uma problemática que, na verdade, acha-se vinculada à América Latina como um todo. Os procedimentos metodológicos à realização desta entrevista basearam-se, primeiramente, no envio de um formulário com as questões elaboradas pelo MSEU a fim de que a Profa. Aura as respondessem livremente, inclusive fazendo os acréscimos e sugestões necessários; e, em seguida, o formulário foi-nos remetido pela Professora, tendo sido publicado na sua íntegra, respeitando, assim, o conteúdo de uma fala de uma Professora-Cidadã da Colômbia.
Turismo para além das massas: o Turismo de Base Comunitária e sua repercussão no espaço litorâneo nordestino – do Maranhão à Alagoas
Authors: Kiyotani Ilana , Magalhães Marianna , Ferreira Michele
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de pesquisas sobre o Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) e sua presença e repercussão no litoral de sete dos nove estados que compõe o Nordeste brasileiro, tendo como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e mapear as iniciativas de TBC que ocorrem nos municípios litorâneos nordestinos do Maranhão a Alagoas. Como metodologia, além da pesquisa bibliográfica às temáticas relacionadas ao TBC, foi realizada uma busca às plataformas digitais e redes sociais para identificação das ações e construída uma planilha de identificação, caracterização e um mapa de localização destas. Ao término de um ano, foi possível identificar e mapear 33 casos de TBC distribuídos pelos estados, onde percebeu-se o protagonismo feminino para o desenvolvimento dessas ações e como os TBCs possibilitam uma proteção aos espaços que ocupam em contraponto a atuações destrutivas do turismo dito “de massa”.
Abandono al tratamiento antifímico en pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Salud Público de Guayaquil
Authors: Muñoz Roca Olga Argentina , Moreno Gaona Arturo Josue
Published: June 2023

Introducción: El abandono al tratamiento de tuberculosis puede estar afectado por condiciones sociales, culturales de los pacientes y reacciones al tratamiento antifímico. 

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se realizó investigación exhaustiva de la historia clínica de los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento. Para el     estudio se seleccionaron 14 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Salud Tipo B de la ciudad de Guayaquil, en el programa de Tuberculosis. 

Resultados: Entre los años 2019 y 2022 de 108 pacientes en tratamiento, 14 (13%) pacientes abandonaron la medicación. Los adultos mayores 50 años fueron el grupo con mayor número de pacientes, 31%. El 69% de los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento fueron del sexo masculino. El año en el cual más pacientes dejaron el tratamiento fue el 2021 (43%), y el momento más frecuente de abandono fue la fase I con el 57%. El 100% de los casos presentaron síntomas gastrointestinales, el 25% de los pacientes informó consumir alcohol y el 19% drogas.

Conclusiones: El abandono al tratamiento antituberculoso es fenómeno multifactorial, entre los cuales se encuentran el sexo, hábitos y eventos adversos de la medicación.
Calcul de l’énergie minimale par ajustement des tensions d’alimentation et de seuil
Authors: SHIOMI Jun , ISHIHARA Tohru
Published: June 2023

Ce chapitre présente un algorithme permettant de maintenir en permanence les processeurs au point de fonctionnement le plus économe en énergie en ajustant de manière appropriée la tension d’alimentation et la tension de seuil sous une contrainte de performance spécifique. Cet algorithme est applicable sur les processeurs haut de gamme, embarqués et ceux utilisés dans les nœuds de capteurs sans fil.
Exigences matérielles pour les communications sans fil 6G
Authors: A. DAMJANCEVIC Stefan , MATUS Emil , UTYANSKY Dmitry , VAN DER WOLF Pieter , P. FETTWEIS Gerhard
Published: June 2023

Ce chapitre présente les systèmes multiprocesseur sur puce hétérogènes comme la solution matérielle idéale pour le support des communications sans fil 6G. Une analyse complète des opérations de calcul du traitement de bande de base de la 5G et au-delà, ainsi que leurs exigences et spécifications sont détaillées.
Tournées de véhicules avec contraintes de chargement : des méthodes de résolution
Authors: SBAI Ines , KRICHEN Saoussen
Published: June 2023

Ce chapitre combine deux des problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire les plus étudiés, le problème d'acheminement de véhicules capacitaires (CVRP) et le problème d'emballage de bacs en deux/trois dimensions (2/3D-BPP). Nous fournissons une revue actualisée des variantes du L-CVRP et analysons certaines des méthodes d'optimisation les plus populaires présentées dans la littérature existante. Parallèlement, nous discutons de leurs applications pour résoudre des problèmes concrets.
Data INRAE : l’entrepôt en réseau
Authors: DZALÉ YEUMO Esther
Published: June 2023

Depuis 2018, l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE) met à disposition de ses chercheurs un entrepôt pour le signalement et le dépôt des données de recherche. Cet entrepôt, dénommé Data INRAE , est basé sur l’application open source Dataverse . Nous avons interrogé Esther Dzalé Yeumo, responsable du pôle “Numérique pour la Science” au sein de la Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO), sur le choix de cette solution, sur les avantages qu’elle présente pour un institut comme l’INRAE et, plus généralement, sur ses fonctionnalités et usages.
Opinion: Tropical cirrus — From micro-scale processes to climate-scale impacts
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , Sullivan Sylvia C. , Sokol Adam B. , Kärcher Bernd , Jensen Eric , Hartmann Dennis L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Tropical cirrus clouds play a critical role in the climate system and are a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of global warming. Tropical cirrus are affected by processes spanning a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from ice microphysics on cloud scales to mesoscale convective organization and planetary wave dynamics. This complexity makes tropical cirrus clouds notoriously difficult to model and has left many important questions stubbornly unanswered. At the same time, their multi-scale nature makes them well positioned to benefit from the rise of global, high-resolution simulations of Earth's atmosphere and a growing abundance of remotely sensed and in situ observations. Rapid progress requires coordinated efforts to take advantage of these modern computational and observational abilities. In this Opinion, we review recent progress in cirrus studies, highlight important questions that remain unanswered, and discuss promising paths forward. We find that significant progress has been made in understanding the life cycle of convectively generated ``anvil" cirrus and how their macrophysical properties respond to large-scale controls. On the other hand, much work remains to be done to understand how small-scale anvil processes and the climatological anvil radiative effect may respond to global warming. Thin, in situ-formed cirrus are now known to be closely tied to the thermal structure and humidity of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), but uncertainty at the microphysical scale remains a significant barrier to understanding how these clouds regulate the TTL moisture and temperature budgets, as well as the mixing ratio of water vapor entering the stratosphere. Model representation of ice-nucleating particles, water vapor supersaturation, and ice depositional growth continue to pose great challenges to cirrus modeling. We believe that major advances in the understanding of tropical cirrus can be made through a combination of cross-tool synthesis and cross-scale studies conducted by cross-disciplinary research teams.
Molecular fingerprints and health risks of home-use incense burning smoke
Authors: Song Kai , Tang Rongzhi , Zhang Jingshun , Wan Zichao , Zhang Yuan , Hu Kun , Gong Yuanzheng , Lv Daqi , Lu Sihua , Tan Yu , Zhang Ruifeng , Li Ang , Yan Shuyuan , Yan Shichao , Fan Baoming , Zhu Wenfei , Chan Chak K. , Guo Song
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The burning of incense for home use is a widespread practice that has been shown to have significant negative impacts on human health and air quality. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding its emission profiles and associated health risks. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a state-of-the-art thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (TD-GC×GC-MS) to (semi-)quantify the emission factors (EFs) of 317 volatile compounds and thoroughly investigate the organic profiles of incense burning smoke across a full-volatility range. Results showed that toluene (70.8 ± 35.7 μg g-1) is the most abundant compound in incensing-burning smoke, followed by benzene, furfural, and phenol. Phenol, toluene, furfural, 2-furanmethanol, benzene, and benzyl alcohol are the main contributors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation. Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) accounted for 19.2 % of the total EFs, but 40.0 % of the estimated SOA. Additionally, a novel pixel-based method, combined with aroma analysis, revealed that furfural can act as a key tracer of incense burning, and is responsible for the distinctive flavor of incense smoke. High bioaccumulation potential (BAP) assessment using pixel-based partition coefficient estimation revealed that acenaphthylene, dibenzofuran, and phthalate esters (PAEs) are chemicals of high-risk concern and warrant further control. Our results highlight the critical importance of investigating home-use incense burning and provide new insights into the health impacts of incense burning smoke by novel approaches.
Wind-Driven Emissions of Coarse Mode Particles in an Urban Environment
Authors: Petters Markus D. , Pujiastuti Tyas , Rasheeda Satheesh Ajmal , Kasparoglu Sabin , Sutherland Bethany , Meskhidze Nicholas
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Quantifying surface-atmosphere exchange rates of particles is important for understanding the role of suspended particulate matter on radiative transfer, clouds, precipitation, and climate change. Emissions of coarse mode particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 µm provide giant cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei. These emissions are critical for understanding the evolution of cloud microphysical properties yet remain poorly understood. Here we introduce a new method that uses lidar retrievals of the elastic backscatter and Doppler velocity to obtain surface number emissions of particles with a diameter greater than 0.53 µm. The technique is applied to study particle number fluxes over a two-month period during the TRACER campaign at an urban site near Houston, TX, USA. We found that all the observed fluxes were positive (upwards) indicating particle emission from the surface. The fluxes followed a diurnal pattern and peaked near noon local time. Flux intensity varied through the two months with multi-day periods of strong fluxes and multi-day periods of weak fluxes. Emission particle number fluxes peaked near ~100 cm-2 s-1. The daily averaged emission fluxes correlated with friction velocity and were anticorrelated to surface relative humidity. The emission flux can be parameterized as F = 3000u*4 where u* is the friction velocity in m s-1 and the emission flux F is in cm-2 s-1. The u* dependence is consistent with emission from wind-driven erosion. Estimated values for the mass flux are in the lower range of literature values from non-urban sites. These results demonstrate that urban environments may play an important role in supplying coarse mode particles to the boundary layer. We anticipate that quantification of these emissions will help constrain aerosol-cloud interaction models that use prognostic aerosol schemes.
Quantification of fossil fuel CO2 from combined CO, δ13CO2 and Δ14CO2 observations
Authors: Kim Jinsol , Miller John B. , Miller Charles E. , Lehman Scott J. , Michel Sylvia E. , Yadav Vineet , Rollins Nick E. , Berelson William M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. We present a new method for partitioning observed CO2 enhancements (CO2xs) into fossil and biospheric fractions (Cff and Cbio) based on measurements of CO and δ13CO2, complemented by flask-based Δ14CO2 measurements. This method additionally partitions the fossil fraction into natural gas and petroleum fractions (when coal combustion is insignificant). Although here we apply the method only to discrete flask air measurements, the advantage of this method (CO and δ13CO2-based method) is that CO2xs partitioning can be applied at high frequency when continuous measurements of CO and δ13CO2 are available. High frequency partitioning of CO2xs into Cff and Cbio has already been demonstrated using continuous measurements of CO (CO-based method) and Δ14CO2 measurements from flask air samples. Relative to calculating CO2ff directly from Δ14CO2, we find that the uncertainty in CO2ff estimated from the CO and δ13CO2-based method averages 3.2 ppm which is significantly less than the CO-based method which has an average uncertainty of 4.8 ppm. Using measurements of CO, δ13CO2 and Δ14CO2 from flask air samples at three sites in the greater Los Angeles region, we find large contributions of biogenic sources that vary by season. On a monthly average, the biogenic signal accounts for -14 to +25 % of CO2xs with larger and positive contributions in winter and smaller and negative contributions in summer due to net respiration and net photosynthesis, respectively. Partitioning CO2ff into petroleum and natural gas combustion fractions reveals that the largest contribution of natural gas combustion generally occurs in summer, which is likely related to increased electricity generation in LA power plants for air-conditioning.
Tephra data from varved lakes of the last Glacial-Interglacial transition: towards a global inventory and better chronologies
Authors: Beckett Anna , Blanchet Cecile , Brauser Alexander , Kearney Rebecca , Martin-Puertas Celia , Matthews Ian , Mittelbach Konstantin , Palmer Adrian , Ramisch Arne , Brauer Achim
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Varve Database (VARDA) was launched in 2020 and aimed to establish a community database for annually-resolved chronological archives with their associated high-resolution proxy records. This resource would support reproducibility through accessible data for the paleoclimate and modelling communities. In this paper, we used VARDA to assemble an extensive dataset of European tephra geochemical data and metadata to enable the synchronisation of varve records during the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition (here defined as 25 ka BP to 8 ka BP). Geochemical data from 49 known individual tephra layers across 19 varve lake records have been included, with Lago di Grande Monticchio being the single biggest contributor of geochemical data with 28 tephra layers. The Vedde Ash and Laacher See tephra are the most common layers being found in 6 different varve records and highlights the potential of refining the absolute age estimates for these tephra layers using varve chronologies and for synchronising regional paleoclimate archives. This is the first stage in a 5 year plan funded by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Data Stewardship Scholarship to incorporate a global dataset of tephra geochemical data in varve records. Further stages of this project will focus on different regions and timescales.