bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS FLUXOS MIGRATÓRIOS NA ÁFRICA DO SUL E SEUS IMPACTOS NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL (1960-2000)
Authors: Brites Pedro , Padilha Yuri Debrai
Published: January 2020

O fim da II Guerra Mundial institui uma nova estrutura geopolítica nas relações internacionais, modificando também a dinâmica dessas relações na África Austral, por efeitos da mudança de abordagem que os países europeus tiveram para com os países da região africana e, também, em virtude da aceleração dos processos de libertação dos povos africanos. Tal cenário contribuiu para uma modificação nos processos migratórios dessa época, que ainda apresenta impactos na atual dinâmica das migrações na África do Sul (RAS). A presente pesquisa busca investigar os processos migratórios ocorridos durante o período de 1960 ao início dos anos 2000.  Logo, investiga-se sobre a influência da disputa bipolar da Guerra Fria e dos reflexos que o desenvolvimento capitalista periférico da África do Sul teve para os processos de migração do país. Atualmente, esse Estado destaca-se como liderança política e econômica na região, sendo destino de muitas migrações. Todavia, parte desse prestígio apresenta bases ligadas ao violento regime do Apartheid, cujo “desenvolvimento separado” implicou na desigualdade social atualmente encontrada no país, que, por sua vez, impactara na dinâmica das migrações.  Desta forma, na busca por facilitar o desenvolver desta investigação e alcançar seus respectivos objetivos, este trabalho estrutura-se em três etapas. A primeira dedica-se a avaliar o contexto sistêmico e os impactos para a região. A seguir,  avalia-se os movimentos migratórios na África Austral e suas relações com os movimentos de libertação africanos. Por fim,verifica-se em que medida o final da Guerra Fria afeta os processos migratórios na região. Conclui-se que os movimentos migratórios foram condicionados simultaneamente pelo aumento da pressão hegemônica que se estabelece principalmente a partir dos anos 1970, bem como pelas dinâmicas regionais derivadas da atuação subimperialista da África do Sul no período abordado. Com o final da Guerra Fria, o abandono estratégico por parte das Grandes Potências, permite uma política de aproximação entre os vizinhos, o que abre espaço para maior flexibilidade nas políticas migratórias.
USOS, REUSOS E ABUSOS: ATRAVESSANDO “FRONTEIRAS” E “LUSO-AFRICANIDADES” NAS HISTORIOGRAFIAS DE ANGOLA, CABO VERDE E GUINÉ-BISSAU PARA OS SÉCULOS XV, XVI E XVII
Authors: Ito Alec Ichiro
Published: January 2020

Este artigo ensaístico destrincha as noções de “fronteira” e “luso-africanidade”, abordando alguns casos ancorados na escrita da história de Angola, Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau para os séculos XV, XVI e XVII. O fio condutor desta narrativa é o compartilhamento e a circularidade dessas noções, cindido em dois momentos. No primeiro, depreenderemos a noção de fronteira africanista, assim como ela incide nos estudos desenvolvidos pela historiografia norte-americana desde o pós-guerra. Em um segundo momento, introduziremos algumas noções de “luso-africanidade”, chamando atenção para o enfoque dado às práticas identitárias múltiplas. Ao término deste artigo, indicaremos alguns dos riscos e empecilhos que permeiam a noção de luso-africanidade, sendo que o principal deles é a dissolução das diferenças, assimetrias e desigualdades que percorreram os contatos euro-africanos. Como hipótese de trabalho, assumimos que futuras pesquisas realizem mais investigações empíricas, como também sustentem uma postura mais crítica a respeito do hibridismo cultural, da miscigenação sanguínea, das identidades múltiplas, do sincretismo religioso e da fusão social pacífica.
ECONOMY OF THE THIRD WORLD AND SEARCH FOR GREENER PASTURES IN THE DESERT: FOCUS ON NIGERIA AND HER NEIGHBOURS
Authors: Akubor Emmanuel Osewe
Published: January 2020

A situação econômica na maioria dos países do Terceiro Mundo desde a independência não mostrou sinais de melhora. O resultado é que aqueles que estão no auge de suas vidas, o que levaria a economia a um crescimento maior, estão saindo em massa da área em busca de pastos mais verdes em outros lugares, especialmente do outro lado do deserto, para a Europa, situação que afetou negativamente seu desenvolvimento através dos anos nesses países do Terceiro-mundo, usando a Nigéria como exemplo. O efeito de impacto, bem como, por que e quando disso é o que este artigo pretende interrogar no que se refere à situação da Nigéria e aos de seus vizinhos, especialmente nos últimos dois séculos, usando os fatos e lições da história. Os dados obtidos de fontes primárias e secundárias (revisão de literatura e análise de conteúdo) foram implantados para a realização do estudo com um método histórico analítico e narrativo
Power Flow Analysis of the Enhanced Proposed 330kV Transmission Network of the Nigeria Grid
Authors: Agbontaen Festus Osazee , Egwaile Joel Osarumwens , Okakwu Ignatius Kema
Published: January 2020

The Nigeria’s power sector transmission infrastructure continues to be challenged as it still remains the weak link in the electricity supply chain. The Nigerian Federal Government on its Roadmap for power sector reform highlighted that to accommodate the planned increase in generation capacity, there was need for a 30% increase in the “true deliverable” transmission capacity of the country’s 330kV network. But the technical feasibility of this plan is an issue to be considered. In this work, the existing 330kV Nigeria transmission network was expanded by the introduction of new lines and power stations, simulation was carried out and the effect was analyzed using Newton-Raphson algorithm in ETAP 12.6. The base case operating condition as obtained from the power flow on which the various transfer cases were implemented, gives a fair generation and loading pattern of the Nigerian grid. The total installed generating capacity of the base case considered was 11,948MW out of which 4,347.21MW was available for load level of 3,633.6MW. Result shows that the maximum load ability of the enhanced network was increased to 238.4% compared with the existing network when the Newton – Raphson iteration method was applied.
A Novel Low Profile Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for L-Band Applications Using High Permittivity Substrate
Authors: Ahmed Gulzar , Sultan Asif , Jan Tariqullah , Ashraf Majid , Sarim Muhammad
Published: January 2020

A novel low-profile and miniaturized patch antenna on a substrate material of high dielectric constant has been designed, fabricated and tested in an indigenous laboratory. It is highly important to reduce the size of patch antenna as it limits the reduction of the sizes of the devices using this antenna. A number of techniques have been given for the size reduction of patch such as DGS (Defected Ground Structure), use of fractals and the use of metamaterials but in this paper the technique of high permittivity substrate has been implemented. The substrate as well as this conventional antenna has been prepared locally in Pakistan. A ceramic material of chemical composition {(Sr0.5Pb0.25Ca0.25)-Tio3-3Bi2O3.TiO2} having a high dielectric constant has beenused in the substrate of the antenna. The fabricated prototype was investigated experimentally for important parameters using Vector Network analyzer. The total measure of the antenna is 20.5x26.5x1.5 mm3. The antenna presented a large bandwidth of 186 MHz (1070-1256 MHz)in L-Band with a Return Loss of 21.10 dB at resonance. The VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) remained under the standard value of 2 in the whole operating range. The proposed antenna may be employed in GPS (Global Positioning System) devices, Amateur Radio, Terrestrial Mobile Communication, Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile and other Military and Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communications.
An Investigation of Prototyping Technique in Pakistani Software Industry
Authors: Khan Muhammad Janas , Khan Rafiq Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Requirements elicitation is one of the important and major activities within the Requirements Engineering phase. There are different techniques used for requirement elicitation process. Selection of any requirements elicitation technique depends on complexity, size, time and other resources of proposed software project. Selection of suitable technique for requirements elicitation is not a trivial process and if it is done properly then it can reduce time, budget, and risk constraints of system being developed. Sometimes researchers have found a gap between theory and practice that is gap between literature and industry practices. Therefore, goal of this paper is to find out the gap between literature and industry practice about requirements elicitation practices in PSI (Pakistani Software Industry). This paper shows the usage and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in Pakistani software companies. 29 Software companies following prototyping technique practice were surveyed using questionnaire, to investigate about usage of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation in industry, and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in term of schedule, cost and the customer Satisfaction. The appropriate practice of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation can reduce the project failure rate in PSI.
Determinants of Informal Land Renting Decisions by A1 and A2 Farmers in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe
Authors: Tatsvarei Simbarashe , Mushunje Abbyssinia , Ngarava Saul , Makate Clifton
Published: January 2020

Land rental markets are critical in developing economies as they contribute to efficiency, equity and welfare gains to farmers involved under conditions of low transaction costs. Despite lack of policy consistency in Zimbabwe, A1 and A2 farmers have been involved in these land rental markets, albeit in an informal manner. This study sought to establish the determinants of farmersâ€™ decision to take part in these informal markets. A survey was carried out in Mashonaland East province with a sample of 339 households selected through multi-stage sampling methods and data analysed using a bi-variate Tobit model. Results showed that combined together, the proportion of farmers involved in informal land rental markets are as much as those not participating. Determinants of renting-in were identified as gender, household income, permanent labour, cultivated area, tenure certainty, irrigable land size and crop diversification. Factors affecting renting-out decisions were age, permanent labour, irrigable land size and crop diversification and these results are not in any way different from findings from previous studies. The conclusion was that household characteristics and land endowments factors were strong in decisions to rent-in land while land endowments factors were dominant in decisions to rent-out land. Any future considerations for formalising land rental markets should consider these important factors having a bearing on land rental decisions.
The Use of Social Media in Public Relations at Non-Governmental Organisations in South Africa
Authors: Nchabeleng G. , Botha CJ. , Bisschoff CA
Published: January 2020

Social media can be a useful tool in public relations in non-governmental organisations (NGOs), but do NGOs make use of social media in their quest for service delivery in South Africa? Social networking sites, blogging, email, instant messaging, and online journals are some of the technological changes that changed the way interaction between people and how they gather information. Although social media is mainly used for interactive dialogue and social interaction, the private sector soon realised that the web-based technologies (especially Facebook and Twitter) could also be a competitive business tool. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) soon followed suit however at a slower pace than the general communication growth rate of social media in South Africa. This article examines if social networking sites have any impact on public relations practices of NGOs in South Africa â€“ an environment where both customers and employees still struggle to take full advantage of social media. The critical literature findings increase the understanding of the current and future challenges of social media use in public relations at NGOs in South Africa. The study explores the main differences between traditional and social media, how social media is redefining public relations role, and shed some light on defining public relations practices, identify the uses, limitations and benefits of social media by public relations practitioners in NGOs. Recommendations for future communication research are given. Based on the literature, a qualitative research design collected data using semi-structured, individual interviews. The results revealed that social media platforms such as Facebook do have an effect, and even changed the way in which NGOs communicate. The study also revealed that social media certainly has an impact on public relations relationships. This means that it has become crucial that public relations practitioners at NOGs embrace and take advantage of social media, and that they should also invest in proper electronic platforms to reap the benefits of improved communication internally and externally.
Uptake of Efficient Marketing Strategies among Footwear and Textile Entrepreneurs in Alexandra Township
Authors: Worku Yohannes , Muchie Mammo
Published: January 2020

One of the priority needs of Small, Micro and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs) that operate in Alexandra Township is to adopt effective marketing strategies that are recommended by Mooradian, Matzler and Ring (2012) and Kotler and Keller (2012), in which emphasis is placed on setting the right selling price of products, offering the right product, utilising the right promotion strategies for products, and rendering services to customers at the right place. Information needed for the survey was gathered from 108 operators of SMMEs in Alexandra Township. Ordered logit and Bayesian methods were used for estimating predictors of effective marketing. The study found that 63 of the 108 respondents who were selected for the study (58%) possessed adequate marketing skills and capabilities, whereas the remaining 45 respondents (42.23%) were incapable of marketing their goods and services effectively. Results obtained from logit and Bayesian analysis showed that 3 factors affected the ability to market goods and services effectively (access to credit facility for ordering stock, access to loan from money-lending institutions, and ability to network with wholesale suppliers and retailers).
Financing Smallholder Rice Farmers: A Field-Based Evidence Review of Anchor Borrowersâ€™ Programme (ABP) Model in Nigeria
Authors: Obih Uchenna , Baiyegunhi Lloyd
Published: January 2020

Nigeriaâ€™s spending of US$2billion annually on rice importation has been considered a major source of foreign exchange drain and a threat to domestic rice industry. One of the major reasons adduced for this high import bills is the persistent demand-supply gap arising from the countryâ€™s inability to increase domestic output of paddy rice to optimize the total capacity of several integrated rice mills established across the country in the last 15 years. In 2015, the government launched the Anchor Borrowersâ€™ Programme (ABP) to make cheap funds accessible to smallholder farmers (SHFs) who produce more than 85% of total farm output in Nigeria. ABP is designed to encourage banks to lend to SHFs to boost paddy rice production. This paper presents the field experiences of SHFs, banks and rice millers who participated in the programme in 2016/2017. This paper concludes that ABP is a laudable programme that can contribute in achieving the food security objective of the government. The key challenges found to be threatening the success and sustainability of ABP included delays in timely disbursement of funds by deposit money banks (DMBs), inadequate personnel and institutional framework, side-selling of harvested paddy rice by SHFs, State government undue involvement in the ABP, and poor rural infrastructure. Policy recommendations to strengthen the ABP model for improved impact were discussed.
Design of automatic measurement system for pre-tightening parameters of multi-axis wrist force pressure sensor
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Lin Yizhen , Zhang Qingjun , Ding Nanzhe , Zhang Xiaobai
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the shortcomings of low efficiency and poor accuracy of the existing pressure sensor pre-tightening parameter measurement system, an automatic multi-axis wrist force sensor pre-tightening parameter measurement system is designed. The multi-axis wrist force sensor module is used to collect real-time tension signal from the loaded hand wheel. After amplification, the signal is transmitted to the multi-channel gating module through RS485 communication module to realize the tested sensing. After fast switching and constant current source power supply control function, the data collector collects the pull signal obtained by multi-axis wrist force pressure sensor and transmits it to the upper computer of the system designed by LabVIEW through RS485 bus. The upper computer controls and collects the pressure sensor according to the pull signal feedback from the data collector, and the pre-tightening displacement of multi-axis wrist force sensor is determined by parameters such as axial displacement and friction resistance moment. The experimental results show that the designed system can fully measure the pre-tightening parameters of the sensor, and the starting moment measurement error is only 0.102%. The system can meet the requirements of batch measurement and calibration of multi-axis wrist force sensor with accuracy of 1%-0.1%.
Electric hybrid control method of assembly line robot based on PLC
Authors: Ding Zhenjie , Li Yuqiu , Zhang Zhengxing
Published: January 2020

With the development of modern industry, manipulators have become a kind of mechanical equipment widely used in assembly lines, which not only can improve production efficiency and product quality, but also improve working conditions. Taking the polar co-ordinate manipulator in the automated assembly line as the research object, the programmable logic contoller (PLC) based assembly line manipulator electrical hybrid control method is analyzed. The assembly line robot includes the base, the stepping motor to drive the rotation of the waist, the cylinder controlled arm and the gripper, based on the polar co-ordinate manipulator action requirements, FX2N series programmable logic contoller is selected to analyze programmable logic contoller based stepper motor, pneumatic servo positioning device, pitch cylinder and gripper control method in detail. The components of the assembly line manipulator are organically combined by programmable logic contoller to realize the electrical mixing control of the assembly line manipulator. The experimental results show that the assembly success rate and breakage rate of the assembly line robot controlled by the proposed method are 99.25% and 0.85%, respectively. The transmission performance and anti-noise performance are better than the comparison method, compared with the traditional method, this method has significant performance advantages in control accuracy, cost, practicability and so on and it has a good application prospect.
Demokrasi Deliberatif Masyarakat Minangkabau (Studi Kasus: LKAAM Kota Solok)
Authors: Chandra Yuyut , Zetra Aidinil , Ariany Ria
Published: January 2020

Demokrasi deliberatif berusaha mengubah kebijakan pemerintah melalui diskusi yang argumentatif. Lembaga Kerapatan Adat Alam Minangkabau (LKAAM) Kota Solok merupakan intitusi yang berusaha aktif membantu pemerintah Kota Solok dalam merumuskan kebijakan publik melalui diskusi yang argumentatif. Penelitian ini mendesripsikan bagaimana pelaksanaan prinsip demokrasi deliberatif masyarakat Minangkabau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat proses pelaksanaan prinsip demokrasi deliberatif. Proses pelaksanaan prinsip demokrasi deliberatif LKAAM Kota Solok merupakan kehendak dari masyarakat adat yang memberikan kewenangan kepada pemimpin adat untuk menjembatani kepentingan masyarakat dengan pemeritah dan sebaliknya. Informasi dari masyarakat diproses dalam kesepekatan bersama (musyawarah rutin) dan kemudian disampaikan kepada pemerintah. LKAAM Kota Solok juga berperan dalam mengkritisi kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Kota Solok.
Başarı Testi Geliştirme Süreci: İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Maddeyi Tanıyalım Ünitesi Örneği
Authors: ÜÇÜNCÜ Gökşen , SAKİZ Gönül
Published: January 2020

Başarı testleri öğrencilerin akademik performanslarını ölçmek için en yaygın olarak kullanılan veri toplama araç-ları arasında yer alırlar. Bu nedenle, seçili disiplinlerde öğrenci kazanımlarını kusursuz şekilde ortaya koyabilen geçerli ve güvenilir başarı testlerinin varlığı büyük önem arz eder. Fakat, başarı testi geliştirme üzerine yapılan araş-tırmalar oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, bilimsel araştırmalarda kullanılacak bir başarı testinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde izlenmesi gereken adımları örnek bir fen bilimleri ünitesi (Maddeyi Tanıyalım) çerçevesinde sergilemek ve geliştirilen başarı testini literatüre kazandırmaktır. Araştır-manın ilk bölümünde, seçili üniteye ilişkin 11 kazanım için 35 çoktan seçmeli soru maddesi hazırlanmıştır. Webb'in (1997) öğrenme kazanımlarının değerlendirilmesine ilişkin belirlediği ölçütlere dayanarak alan uzmanları ve deneyimli öğretmenlerden alınan görüşler Lawshe testi (1974) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise oluştu-rulan ölçek formu İstanbul’un Beykoz İlçesi’nde yer alan iki ilkokulda dört dördüncü sınıf şubesinde öğrenim gören 84 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. ITEMAN programı ile yapılan madde analizi testin geçerli olduğunu göstermiştir. Pearson korrelasyon ve Spearman Brown güvenirlik katsayıları sırasıyla .85 ve .83 olarak bulunarak testin güvenilir oldu-ğunu ortaya koymuştur. Geliştirilen testin, fen eğitimi alanı-na katkı sağlaması ve yapılacak ilişkili araştırmalarda kullanılması beklenmektedir. Açıklanan prosedürlerin diğer branşlarda geliştirilecek geçerli ve güvenilir başarı testleri-nin oluşturulma sürecine rehberlik edeceğine inanılmakta-dır.
Molecular characterisation of the Mycobacterium bovis causing bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Poland
Authors: Krajewska-Wędzina Monika , Kozińska Monika , Radulski Łukasz , Lipiec Marek , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Weiner Marcin , Szulowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Since 2009, Poland has been recognised as a country officially free of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), although in each year of the last five there were from 8 to 18 outbreaks of the disease. In 2008–2016, the largest number of cattle infected with bovine mycobacteria were eliminated in the Masovian Province (the central region of Poland) and the largest number of outbreaks of this zoonosis were recorded in this area. The close proximity of farms where bTB was found led to the suspicion that tuberculosis could have been transmitted between the affected herds. The aim of the study was the molecular characterisation of the pertinent M. bovis/caprae strains and determination of the epidemiological relationship of various bTB outbreaks.

Material and Methods

The material for microbiological tests came from 119 cattle (Bos taurus) from nine herds located in five provinces, neighbouring the Masovian Province.

Results

Laboratory tests of tissue material gave results confirming tuberculosis in 54 (45%) animals. All strains belonged to the Mycobacterium bovis species. A two-step analysis of genetic affinity allowed 50 strains to be identified as phylogenetically closely related and separated between three genetic clusters consisting of 2 to 27 strains.

Conclusion

Based on the results of genotyping, bTB outbreaks were found in three herds, and three transmission chains were identified among these herds.
Sequential intra-arterial infusion of 90Y-resin microspheres and mitomycin C in chemo refractory liver metastatic breast cancer patients: a single centre pilot study
Authors: Aarts Brigitte Maximiliana , Klompenhouwer Elisabeth Geneviève , Dresen Raphaëla Carmen , Deroose Christophe Michel Albert Louis Omer , Beets-Tan Regina Gien Hoa , Punie Kevin , Neven Patrick , Wildiers Hans , Maleux Geert
Published: January 2020

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intra-arterial mitomycin C (MMC) infusion after selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) using Yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres in liver metastatic breast cancer (LMBC) patients.

Patients and methods

The prospective pilot study included LMBC patients from 2012–2018. Patients first received infusion of 90Y resin microspheres, after 6–8 weeks response to treatment was assessed by MRI, 18F-FDG PET/CT and laboratory tests. After exclusion of progressive disease, MMC infusion was administrated 8 weeks later in different dose cohorts; A: 6 mg in 1 cycle, B: 12 mg in 2 cycles, C: 24 mg in 2 cycles and D: maximum of 72 mg in 6 cycles. In cohort D the response was evaluated after every 2 cycles and continued after exclusion of progressive disease. Adverse events (AE) were reported according to CTCAE version 5.0.

Results

Sixteen patients received 90Y treatment. Four patients were excluded for MMC infusion, because of extra hepatic disease progression (n = 3) and clinical and biochemical instability (n = 1). That resulted in the following number of patient per cohort; A: 2, B: 1, C: 3 and D: 6. In 4 of the 12 patients (all cohort D) the maximum dose of MMC was adjusted due biochemical toxicities (n = 2) and progressive disease (n = 2). One grade 3 AE occurred after 90Y treatment consisting of a gastrointestinal ulcer whereby prolonged hospitalization was needed.

Conclusions

Sequential treatment of intra-arterial infusion of MMC after 90Y SIRT was feasible in 75% of the patients when MMC was administrated in different escalating dose cohorts. However, caution is needed to prevent reflux after 90Y SIRT in LMBC patients.
A NEW FIELD EXERCISE FOR EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN COASTAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Mulligan Ryan P. , Mulligan Nerissa , Beyer Wanda
Published: January 2020

A new field exercise is developed for a technical course in coastal engineering. This exercise consists of detailed wave measurements surrounding a newly designed coastal structure, with the objective of improving learning by situating student engineering design skills into a real-world context. Students integrated the field measurement results with estimates of the wave conditions developed from predictive equations and a computer model. The written deliverable requires students to critically assess the data and model results acquired from different sources. They were evaluated using a rubric designed to assess cognitive and communication skills. The exercise mimics what engineers do in practice, and helps students learn how to approach real problems in coastal engineering.
ON THE USE OF REFLECTIVE WRITING EXERCISES FOR IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OF CONCEPTUAL AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING
Authors: Chen Lawrence R. , Jacques Maxime , Sobhanigavgani Zeinab
Published: January 2020

Self-reflection and reflective writing are often used to promote self-regulated learning amongst students (Nilson, 2013). A number of engineering programs are incorporating greater opportunities for student reflection (Turns et al., 2014); at the same time, there is a growing need for additional research on the impact of selfreflection and reflective exercises in engineering education (Clark and Dickerson, 2019). We describe the implementation and examine the impact of two types of reflective writing exercisesan exam wrapper and selfevaluation in two Electrical and Computer Engineering courses, a fundamental first year course on signals and systems and a final year technical elective course on photonics.
ANALISIS STRATEGI DAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK UNGGULAN PADA INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH BAHAN KACA DI MALANG
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo , Setiawan Rudy , Wisnu Felik Sad
Published: January 2020

Kota Malang memiliki potensi untuk memasarkan produk-produk unggulan di Indonesia bentuk industri kecil. Untuk memasarkan produk perlu sarana informasi agar publik tahu untuk hasil kinerja produk yang unggul dari industri skala kecil seperti: kerajinan bahan kaca, kerajinan mebel kayu, kripik tempe  dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana strategi pengembangan  usaha kecil home industry kerajinan  bahan kaca  dengan menggunakan alat analisis SWOT untuk menganalisis kekuatan (strenghts), kelemahan (weaknesses), peluang (opportunities), dan ancaman (threats). Hasil dari produk unggulan industri kecil adalah penulis fokus pada industri kecil menengah daur ulang bahan kaca  daerah pemasaran di sekitar Probolinggo, Sidoarjo, Pasuruan dll. Kerajinan daur ulang bahan kaca untuk daerah pemasaran Probolinggo, Bali dan Surabaya dianggap perlu memegang produk pengembangan (Product Development), yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya saing industri kecil di kelas yang sama. Akhirnya dari hasil  penelitian didapat beberapa pencapaian penting meliputi: (1) Peningkatan permintaan pasar, (2) Kesinambungan produk, (3) Peningkatan produktivitas, (4) Harga pokok dapat ditekan, (5) Pengoperasian pendapatan meningkat.
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN PRODUK DROP CABLE DI PROYEK INSTALASI KABEL RUMAH DAN MIGRASI JARINGAN AREA BANDUNG (STUDI KASUS : PT INTI PERSERO)
Authors: Pradana Agung Dera , Herdiani Leni , Rohmana Rohmana
Published: January 2020

Persediaan merupakan suatu masalah yang kompleks dan penting untuk perusahaan karena menyangkut masalah-masalah optimasi dengan model kuantitatif sehingga diperlukan metode yang mengintegrasikan faktor-faktor model pesediaan. PT INTI (Persero) Terutama sebagai sistem integrator untuk pembangunan infrastruktur telekomunikasi di Indonesia (SBU Broadband) proyek instalasi kabel rumah dan migrasi jaringan, berdasarkan hasil analisis yang di lakukan khususnya di area proyek perusahaan belum dapat menentukan safety stock kabel yang ideal bagi teknisi instalasi kabel rumah dan migrasi, hal tersebut sering kali terjadi stock out di beberapa produk drop cable  ketika ada permintaan dari teknisi yang berakibat terhadap pengeluaran cost persediaan yang tidak optimal. Maka perlu adanya pengendalian persediaan di lokasi area proyek sehingga di harapkan dapat diperoleh biaya yang minimum untuk biaya operasional persediaaan.  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode EOQ, diperoleh biaya yang harus dikeluarkan sebesar Rp. 31.327.642,61, frekuensi pemesanan  sebanyak 8 kali dengan jumlah pemesanan 310 unit dan reorder point sebesar 64 unit.
The risk of type 2 diabetes in the native population of highlands Aksay of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Moldobaeva Marina , Vinogradova Anastasya , Muratova Cholpon
Published: January 2020

Objective: Highlands Aksay of Naryn region of Kyrgyzstan has specific natural and climatic conditions and located at altitude of 3000 m above sea level. We aimed to study 10-years risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the native population of highlands Aksay of Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan.

Methods: Overall, 152 indigenous people (50 men and 102 women) of highlands Aksay of Naryn region (3260-3680 m) were studied using one-step sampling. The study was random, subjected to the conditions of singleness and territoriality. FINDRISС questionnaire was used to calculate the risk of T2DM.

Results: Women of highlands Aksay had a significantly higher prevalence of waist circumference (WC) &qt;80 cm, body mass index (BMI) &qt;25 kg/m2 and irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, whereas men showed irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, BMI&qt;25 kg/m2, and WC&qt; 94 cm.

Conclusion: The features of the 10-year-old risk of developing T2DM in the indigenous people of the highlands of Kyrgyzstan include the predominance of abdominal obesity and the irregular intake of fruits and vegetables. When stratifying the risks of developing T2DM, low risk predominates, and a very high risk does not occur. The prognosis of the indigenous people of the highlands of Kyrgyzstan regarding the risk of developing T2DM depends on phenotypic factors and living conditions in the highlands, with hypoxia playing the leading role. Among the mountain people of Kyrgyzstan, metabolic factors are dominated by abdominal obesity and, probably, to reduce the risks of developing diabetes, along with the fight against other negative factors, regular intake of vegetables and fruits is effective.
Qualitativeness of Consciousness: Genesis of the Problem in Ancient Philosophy
Authors: Shcheglova M. I.
Published: January 2020

Speaking about the philosophy of mind researchers address the concept of «qualia». In spite of the fact that this term entered the philosophical discourse at the beginning of the 20th century, the legitimacy of its use is still in question. The starting methodological point of the dispute is whether it is necessary to study the quality nature of consciousness separately or we can treat this problem as part of the language description of the functional activity of the brain. One of arguments in favor of the latter point of view is the novelty of the term. The author provides arguments that the problem field of qualia was formed in ancient philosophy. Rethought later as the problem of universals, the idea of the subjectivity of experience accompanies in the history of philosophy the questions related to human consciousness.
T. Hobbes and B. Spinoza on the Relationship between the Natural, the Supernatural and the Unnatural
Authors: Goran V. P.
Published: January 2020

The paper brings light to the conceptual foundations of the following discrepancies between the ideological positions of Hobbes and Spinoza. Rejecting the existence of the unnatural, Hobbes recognized the reality of the supernatural as the alleged result of a violation by the biblical god of what is happening according to the laws that he gave to nature created by him. Spinoza, identifying God with nature, recognized only the eternal natural, i.e. uncreated, and, practically identifying the supernatural and the unnatural, denied their existence. The recognition by Hobbes of the supernatural actually reveals his increased attention to the essential specifics of man, which are manifested in his creative activity, which creates from natural material that, which nature itself does not create. Hobbes gives this specific human ability to God. Spinoza, however, proceeds from the fact that nature itself realizes all its possibilities. He regards man as a part of nature and, accordingly, does not evaluate anything created by man as something superior to what exists in nature.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-1 in a post-renal transplant patient
Authors: Srivastava Priyanka , Hegde Umapati , Soni Shailesh , Singh Tejindar
Published: January 2020

Azathioprine is a commonly used immunosuppressive agent in renal transplantation. Thiopurine therapy is associated with an increased risk of solid organ malignancies after renal transplantation. There are few reported cases of azathioprine therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. We describe a case of post-renal transplant patients developing chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-1 associated with monosomy of chromosome 7, possibly related to prolonged exposure of azathioprine.
Design of Boradecarboxylation Reaction
Authors: Naruse Yuji , Takamori Atsushi , Oda Kenji
Published: January 2020

For mechanism of decarboxylation reaction, all textbooks show that the electron moves from the piC=O bond. However, the most donating bond orbital in the carbonyl group should be the lone pair(s) on the oxygen. Thus, a picture of orbital theory with delocalization from a lone pair should be more appropriate than that from the piC=O orbital. We confirmed our idea by theoretical calculation. In the TS, if we use 2-substituted b-ketoacids, the boat-form conformation should result in exclusively preferred generation of E-enolates. Normally, decarboxylation reaction performs in polar solvent, so that the resulting enols should be transformed to the corresponding ketones by tautomerization. Suppose we use the heteroatoms to obtain the enolate or enol ethers without tautomerization, it would offer a diastereoselective enol(ate) synthesis with regioselectivity, since the C=C double bond should always be introduced between two carbonyl groups. After screening the heteroatoms by the theoretical calculations, we found that boron is suitable for this purpose. We confirmed our idea by theoretical calculations, offering a new boradecarboxylation reaction to produce enolates diastereoselecitively and regioselectively.
Phosphonate Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Novel Family of Semiconductors
Authors: Siemensmeyer Konrad , Peeples Craig A. , Tholen Patrik , Çoşut Bünyemin , Hanna Gabriel , Yücesan Gündoğ
Published: January 2020

Herein is reported the first semiconducting and magnetic phosphonate metal-organic framework (MOF), TUB75, which contains a one-dimensional inorganic building unit composed of a zig-zag chain of corner-sharing copper dimers. The solid-state UV-Vis spectrum of TUB75 reveals the existence of a narrow band gap of 1.4 eV, which agrees well with the 1.77 eV one obtained from DFT calculations. Magnetization measurements show that TUB75 is composed of antiferromagnetically coupled copper dimer chains. Due to their rich structural chemistry and exceptionally high thermal/chemical stabilities, phosphonate MOFs like TUB75 may open new vistas in engineerable electrodes for supercapacitors.
MORALITAS DALAM SERAT DARAJAT
Authors: Setyowati Herlina
Published: January 2020

Bangsa Indonesia memiliki banyak warisan budaya yang berupa bangunan, benda-benda budaya, dan karya sastra. Karya sastra tulis berupa naskah adalah salah satu hasil budaya manusia yang perlu dipelihara dan dikaji untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang kebudayaan suatu daerah. Peninggalan yang berupa naskah kuno merupakan dokumen bangsa yang menarik untuk diteliti karena mengandung informasi mengenai kebudayaan masa lampau. Di dalamnya terkandung ajaran moral yang layak dijadikan pedoman dalam menjalani kehidupan. Naskah kuno ini biasanya ditulis dalam bentuk prosa (gancaran) maupun puisi (tembang). Salah satunya yaitu Serat Darajat yang ditulis dalam bentuk prosa (gancaran) koleksi Perpustakaan Dewantara Kirti Griya, Yogyakarta, dengan nomor panggil Bb.1.214.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN MORAL DALAM SERAT SANGU PATI II KARYA KI PADMA SUJANA
Authors: Widiyono Yuli
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai pendidikan moral yang terdapat pada serat Sangu Pati II karya Ki Padma Sujana. Serat tersebut berisi sikap dan watak yang harus dilakukan dalam menjalani perjalanan hidup dari lahir sampai meninggal yaitu ajaran yang harus disiapkan untuk menjalani dunia sampai dengan kehidupan selanjutnya yaitu kehidupan akhirat.  Mengangkat kembali nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran bahasa Daerah melalui pengkajian karya sastra lampau berupa naskah merupakan salah satu upaya penting untuk mendukung kompetensi, kecapakan, dan menanamkan kepedulian peserta didik terhadap diri sendiri, sesama, dan Tuhan. Karya sastra Jawa dengan nilai–nilai kearifan lokal memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap kekayaan budaya nasional. Peran pentingnya kebijakan pemerintah dalam membina dan memelihara kekayaan daerah memberikan dampak terhadap kelangsungan nilai-nilai luhur yang terdapat di dalam naskah-naskah Jawa. Dengan mengilhami dan mengaplikasikan nilai pendidikan moral dalam serat Sangu Pati II karya Padma Sujana diharapkan mampu memberikan peran dalam meningkatkan budi pekerti, sehingga mampu mendukung terciptanya bangsa yang bermartabat dan memiliki karakter yang kuat dengan nilai bahasa, sastra, budaya yang adiluhung.
PEMBERDAYAAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) SECARA REALISTIS Sebuah Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Kinerja Guru
Authors: Alfiah Alfiah
Published: January 2020

Pada hakikatnya kegiatan pembelajaran adalah upaya sadar yang dilakukan untuk mengubah perilaku siswa. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, beberapa faktor ikut menentukan keberhasilan dalam suatu pembelajaran.Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain kurikulum, program pengajaran, kualitas guru, materi pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran, sumber belajar, dan teknik/bentuk penilaian. Di antara faktor-faktor tersebut guru memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan  pembelajaran. Guru sebagai pemegang kunci sukses dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, mempunyai tiga tugas pokok yaitu menyusun perencanaan, melaksanakan pembelajaran, dan memberikan balikan. Dalam menyusun perencanaan. ada beberapa komponen yang harus diperhatikan antara lain, menentukan SK/KD/indikator, tujuan pembelajaran, materi pembelajaran, pendekatan dan metode, langkah-langkah kegiatan pembelajaran, alat dan sumber belajar, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Selain itu, juga harus mengacu pada kurikulum sebagai dasar dalam pengembangannya. Ada dua tahapan konkrit yang dapat dilakukan dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) secara riel. Riel  yang dimaksud benar-benar memperhatikan kompetensi siswa sebagai hasil yang akan dicapai. Dua tahapan tersebut adalah (1) perencanaan secara reil/nyata, (2) perencanaan secara administratif. Dua hal pula yang harus diperhatikan dalam menyusun RPP, yaitu penentuan metode inovatif dan penggunakan media di setiap kegiatan pembelajaran. Melalui penentuan dua hal tersebut akan tampak secara jelas corak/gaya guru ketika mengajar dan akan memberikan daya tarik tersendiri terhadap siswa. Oleh karena itu penulis tekankan bahwa penentuan metode yang variatif dan inovatif serta penggunaan media di setiap kegiatan pembelajaran hendaknya selalu diperhatikan.
ASOSIASI EROTISME DALAM LAGU CAMPURSARI ‘CUCAK RAWA’
Authors: Sunarya Sunarya
Published: January 2020

Lagu campursari Cucakrawa sangat dekat di telinga masyarakat Jawa, karena lagu tersebut mudah dihafalkan dan memiliki nuansa musik yang membuat orang mudah berdendang. Namun demikian, dari segi bahasa di dalamnya, terdapat nuansa erotisme atau pornografi yang mudah dipahami oleh kalangan dewasa. Sebagian masyarakat yang paham dan kurang suka dengan lagu tersebut, mengatakan sebagai lagu yang “saru” karena berbau pornografi. Dalam tulisan ini ditunjukkan aspek bahasa dari tinjauan semantik dan semiotika, tentang makna asosiasi dan beberapa tanda yang mendukungnya. Beberapa tanda bahasa yang dijadikan media asosiasi terkait dengan konteks “seks” dapat ditunjukkan dengan jelas, dan sebenarnya sangat mudah dipahami oleh kalangan dewasa. Dalam analisis ditemukan beberapa tanda, seperti kata manuk ‘burung’, buntut ‘ekor’, digoyang ser aduh penakke ‘digoyang ser aduh nikmatnya’, dan lain-lain. Jika dibandingkan dengan lagu campur sari yang lain, yang kebanyakan memberikan ajaran moral, lagu campursari Cucakrawa dapat dimasukkan dalam lagu hiburan yang kurang memberikan ajaran moral dan berbau “pornografi”.
Quantification of bovine viral diarrhoea virus ribonucleic acid in serum of infected animals by one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Fichtelová Věra , Kovařčík Kamil
Published: January 2020

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause either acute transient or persistent infection. Identification and removal of persistently infected animals from infected herds is a crucial component to control BVDV infection. Only limited data on serum virus concentration in infected animals are available to date. Using one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we quantified the serum viral load in 40 BVDV infected animals. To control nucleic acid extraction, complementary DNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction amplification, each serum sample was spiked with a known small amount of reference canine coronavirus. Detected ribonucleic acid copy number ranged from 2.2 × 106to 7.4 × 108per 1 ml of serum of persistently infected animals and from 6.6 × 104to 3.3 × 107of transiently infected animals. These findings support the idea that it is impossible to accurately distinguish between transiently and persistently infected animals just from a single blood sample. To use this testing as a means of declining costs of BVDV control programmes cannot be recommended and paired serum samples have to be investigated to confirm persistent infection.
Determination of selected components in seminal plasma of donkey stallions and their correlation to semen quality parameters
Authors: Vyvial Michal , Horáčková Eliška , Sedlinská Markéta , Jánová Eva , Krisová Šárka , Mráčková Miroslava
Published: January 2020

Evaluation of selected components of seminal plasma as markers of ejaculate quality may be of interest when assessing the quality of semen. The aim of the study was to evaluate some biochemical parameters of seminal plasma in donkeys and compare them with the volume, concentration and motility of the ejaculate. A total of 11 ejaculates were collected from five donkey stallions (between one and three from each animal). Each ejaculate was assessed for volume, concentration and motility, and the seminal plasma biochemically examined after centrifugation. Total protein, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine-amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate-amino-transferase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), sodium, potassium (K+), calcium, phosphate, chloride, copper (Cu), cholesterol, vitamin E (Vit E), magnesium (Mg2+), seminal plasma selenium (Se SP) and seminal plasma zinc (Zn SP) were identified. Biochemical analysis of the seminal plasma was then statistically evaluated using the Spearman coefficient of correlation. A significant positive correlation between ALP, ALT, LDH, Cu, Se SP and Zn SP and sperm concentration was found. Also there was a significant positive correlation between Vit E and sperm motility. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between urea, K+, Mg2+ and the ejaculate volume. This is the first report about selected biochemical components of donkey's seminal plasma that we know of. However, further research using a larger number of individuals is necessary to confirm that these components of seminal plasma are useful as markers of ejaculate quality in donkey stallions.
Pylorogastric intussusception in a puppy with a congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt – a case report
Authors: Černá Petra , Timmermans Joep , Ceplecha Václav , Nývltová Ivana , Komenda Dominik , Proks Pavel
Published: January 2020

A sixteen-week-old female Akita-inu puppy was presented for investigation of acute vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a single congenital right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and pylorogastric intussusception, which spontaneously resolved during the next three days after initial examination. Owners elected for euthanasia due to the clinical deterioration of the patient that reflected in development of clinical signs associated with liver insufficiency, guarded prognosis and financial concerns for transjugular coil embolisation.