bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production Principles in Islam: A Review of Canned Food Products
Authors: Tartila Muzayyana , Tahiyati Azka
Published: June 2023

Production is a consumption chain which provides goods and services that constitute a consumer need. Production activities are divided into two types within the framework of Islamic economic activity. The first is someone who wants to carry out production activities and only wants to get the maximum profit without paying attention to the aspects stated in Islam. The second is someone who wants to carry out production activities to increase the welfare of humankind on earth by paying attention to the elements of production that have been determined in Islamic law. This research was conducted using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the production principles that a producer must carry out in canned food products must include five aspects. First, the focus of monotheism in production activities is the realisation of a production that is produced in the form of products that are halal toyyiban and protected from elements that harm. Second, on the principle of humanity, it is recommended that humankind can prosper on the earth and cover all aspects that exist on earth. Third, the form of implementation of the principle of justice in production activities means that producers can enforce rights, obligations, and responsibilities towards consumers. Fourth, in Islam, one form of the principle of benevolence, producers in their production activities are oriented not only to profits but also to the blessings obtained from profits, namely by paying attention to several aspects of their products. Fifth, on the principle of freedom and responsibility, humans are free to carry out any production activity as long as it does not go outside the corridors of Islamic law and does not harm others. They can be held accountable if something undesirable happens to consumers.
The Effect of Giving Binahong Boiled Water on Blood Pressure in the Elderly in Jatisura Village RW 4, Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency
Authors: Rahayu
Published: June 2023

Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because it is a deadly disease without its symptoms as a warning to its victims. The therapy that can reduce hypertension is herbal therapy which is also proven to reduce blood pressure, such as binahong boiled water. The purpose of this study was to analyze the administration of binahong boiled water to blood pressure in the elderly in Jatisura Village RW 4, Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency, in 2022. This study design used a one-group pre-test and post-test design, with a population of 161 respondents and a sample of 61 respondents using sampling. Purposive sampling. Dependent variable blood pressure and independent binahong boiling water, data collection observation sheet. Statistical data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the univariate analysis before giving binahong boiled water for hypertension level 2 were 36 (58.1%). After giving binahong water for hypertension level 1, namely 35 (56.5%) with the Wilcoxon statistical test, it was found that the p-value was 0.000, which is greater than the value α = 0.05. The conclusion is that there is an effect of giving binahong leaf boiled water on blood pressure in the elderly in Jatisura Village RW 4, Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency, in 2022. Giving binahong leaves as an alternative treatment for people with high blood pressure
Analysis of Poverty Alleviation in Tarakan City from the Perspective of Development Theory of Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Jaharuddin  , Sadiq Sayyid
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyse poverty alleviation in Tarakan from the perspective of Ibn Khaldun's development theory. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods, and all data is secondary. The research results show that Ibn Khaldun's development theory can be an idea in carrying out the development of the city of Tarakan by eliminating people's economic difficulties, providing convenience, and creating prosperity. Guarantee the enactment of sharia values ​​that help society instil good qualities towards the balance of resources. Human resource development affects poverty reduction. Wealth does not grow if it is hoarded and stored. It will grow and develop if it is spent for the benefit of society, given to those entitled, and becomes a solution.
Hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) nest material preferences and collection distances, in southern England
Authors: Bracewell Murray , Downs Nick C.
Published: June 2023

Non-hibernating hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) construct nests in shrub and tree vegetation up to 10 m above the ground. They also readily use and build nests in boxes, which are often used as a tool to monitor populations. The availability of natural nest materials may affect nest site selection or nest box utilisation and to gain a better understanding of this we analysed the materials used in 56 dormouse nests, collected from boxes within six southern English woodlands in 2009, and estimated collection distances. The contribution individual nest materials made to the nests were assessed using dry weights. Out of 56 nests, 15 (26.8%) did not include any material from the plant species to which the nest box was attached. The total number of materials used was 18, with between one and eight materials used per nest (n=56, ̅= 3.54, SD=1.48). The estimated distances travelled to collect these materials ranged from 0 m to 50 m (n=197, ̅=3.29 m, SD=6.06). Dry weights of individual nests ranged from 4.25g to 38.01g (n=56, ̅=18.06 g, SD=8.25 g). The dry weight of an individual material in a nest ranged from 0.25 g (11 different materials) to 30.5 g (honeysuckle bark) (n=197 ̅=4.38 g, SD=5.13 g). Based on dry weight, the percentage contribution of a single material to an individual nest ranged from 0.8% (silver birch leaves) to 96.2% (honeysuckle bark) (n=197, ̅=24.91%, SD=26.37). There were statistically significant negative correlations between the distance travelled and the dry weight of a material (n=197, rs = -0.211, p=0.003), and the distance travelled and the percentage nest weight of a material (n=197, rs = -0.259, p=<0.001), although neither of these associations were particularly informative biologically. Where honeysuckle bark (Lonicera periclymenum) was not closely available, dormice could travel more than twice as far to collect it as any other material. The three furthest distances recorded were 30 m, 45 m and 50 m. Honeysuckle bark was also the most frequently used nest material, occurring in 84% of the sampled nests, and was most often the material comprising the largest dry weight (35.7%). The dry weight and the % of total nest weight of honeysuckle bark were significantly greater than other materials.
Model Operasional Pelatihan Pada Balai Latihan Kerja Tasikmalaya dalam Menyiapkan Tenaga Kerja Profesional
Authors: Nur Fakhira Hilmi , Darusman Yus
Published: June 2023

Menurut Badan Pusat Statistika, angka pengangguran di Kota maupun Kabupaten Tasikmalaya jumlahnya cukup tinggi, maka salah satu solusinya yaitu melalui pelatihan di Balai Latihan Kerja dengan menyiapkan tenaga kerja yang profesional. Untuk keberhasilan penyelenggaraan suatu pelatihan maka dibutuhkan model pelatihan yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana model operasional pelatihan pada Balai Latihan Kerja Tasikmalaya dalam menyiapkan tenaga kerja profesional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deksriptif, jenis pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan melalui pedoman observasi dan wawancara. Teknis analisis data menggunakan beberapa tahapan seperti reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah model operasional pelatihan yang digunakan oleh Balai Latihan Kerja Tasikmalaya dalam menyiapkan tenaga kerja profesional yaitu dengan Model Pelatihan Berbasis Kompetensi (PBK) yang artinya pelatihan kerja yang akan berfokus pada hasil akhir (Outcome). Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, peserta diharapkan menjadi tenaga kerja yang kompeten dan profesional. Jenis pelatihan diantaranya Pelatihan Institusional yang pelaksanaanya dilaksanakan di kantor Balai Latihan Kerja dan Mobile Training Unit (MTU) yang pelaksanaannya di tempat tinggal warga setempat. Dengan langkah-langkah diantaranya : Identifikasi Kebutuhan Pelatihan yang bertujuan untuk melihat dan menentukan pelatihan apa yang akan diselenggarakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta pelatihan, Merancang Program Pelatihan seperti membuat kurikulum, materi, jadwal dan mempersiapkan alat peraga yang dibutuhkan, Melaksanakan Program Pelatihan dengan melakukan seleksi kepada calon peserta pelatihan dan
Implementasi Program Bina Keluarga Remaja Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Keluarga di Kampung KB Candisari Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Hardiyanti Evada , Ilyas Ilyas
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yakni, (1) mendeskripsikan proses implementasi program Bina Keluarga Remaja di kampung KB Candisari Kabupaten Purworejo, (2) mendeskrisikan peran remaja dalam mempertahankan ketahanan keluarga, dan (3) mendekripsikan faktor pendukung dan pengambat dalam mewujudkan ketahanan keluarga. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan(1) implementasi program dan penerapan program BKR kepada keluarga melalui kegiatan penyuluhan. Tahap implementasi terdiri dari tahap interpretasi yaitu tahap pengenalan program kepada masyarakat, tahap penggorganisasian yaitu tahap pembentukan pengurus BKR dan penentapan kader BKR, dan (3) tahap aplikasi yaitu kader melaksanakan penyuluhan, kunjungan rumah, pencatatan dan pelaporan, dan kemitraan kelompok. (2) peran remaja dalam mempertahankan ketahanan keluarga melalui 8 fungsi keluarga dan membangun komunikasi yang efektif antaa orang tua dan remaja. (3) faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang menjadi faktor pendukung adalah kader yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan, sasaran yang aktif, sarana dan prasarana yang memdai, dan dukungan dari pemerintah setempat, sedangkan yang menjadi faktor penghambat adalah kurang nya pendanaan, masih banyak masyarakat yang kurang paham mengenai program BKR. Saran dari peneliti agar lebih diperhatikan dalam pendanaan, meningkatkan keterampilan kader dan masyarakat untuk lebih aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan.
Rural Landscape Simplification and Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services. A Case Study in the Argentine Pampas
Authors: Cabrini Silvina María , Cristeche Estela Raquel , Pace Guerrero Ignacio Raul , Bitar María Victoria
Published: June 2023

In recent decades, the rural landscape of the Argentine Pampas has undergone a process of simplification due to the increased land allocated to crops, replacing pastures and grasslands, with a substantial increase in soybean area. In 2016-2017, a survey was conducted to analyze changes in cultural ecosystem services in this region. Pergamino citizens relate landscape improvement in terms of aesthetic and recreational values to increasing its complexity since they prefer more winter crops, grazing areas, native vegetation, trees, and birds. The significant relationship between sociodemographic variables and preferences for landscape attributes is consistent with the notion that aesthetic perception is constructed from personal experiences and background.
Evaluando las condiciones de racionalidad y plausibilidad en la valoración de conservar la biodiversidad de un país megabiodiverso. El caso del Manu en Perú
Authors: Dávila José , Vásquez-Lavín Felipe , Orihuela Carlos Enrique , Ponce Oliva Roberto D. , Lavado-Solis Karol , Paredes-Vilca Oscar , Mogollón Ñañez Raymundo , Díaz Sabrina
Published: June 2023

Según la NOAA, los resultados de una valoración económica son aplicables como política pública si cumplen dos condiciones: racionalidad y plausibilidad. En el presente estudio, se realiza la valoración económica de conservar la biodiversidad del Parque Nacional del Manu en Perú (país megabiodiverso), a partir de tres representaciones: especies, hábitat y funcionalidad. Se identificó la presencia de sensibilidad al alcance en la mayor parte de atributos empleados. Al incluir características socioeconómicas se identificó que el género y los niveles salariales afectan las preferencias. Los resultados muestran que las especies de flora amenazada y la funcionalidad cumplen con ambas condiciones.
Are short food supply chains a sustainable alternative to traditional retailing? A choice experiment study on olive oil in Spain
Authors: Lami Olda , Díaz-Caro Carlos , Mesías Francisco Javier
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the consumers purchasing behaviour on Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) using a choice experiment for extra virgin olive oil, as one of the most regularly food supplied through SFSC in Spain, and a cluster analysis to segment consumers by their perceptions and behavior. Results reveal that consumers` distribution channel preferences are similar although there is a negative reaction to online purchasing. Additionally, since there are consumers willing to pay more for local and organic food, opens opportunities for SFSC development. Hence, the implementation of policies encouraging the use of eco-environmental labeling, can foster SFSC development.
Dinosaurios en España y medio rural: La investigación al servicio del desarrollo territorial
Authors: Cobos Periáñez Alberto
Published: June 2023

El impacto de las investigaciones paleontológicas sobre dinosaurios y su entorno geológico supone, en algunas regiones rurales, un revulsivo científico, cultural y socioeconómico muy relevante. La proliferación de lugares que muestran este tipo de recursos (como parques paleontológicos, museos, geoparques, centros de interpretación, rutas, etc.) se ha multiplicado en los últimos años y son visitados por miles de personas atraídas por la historia de la vida en la Tierra. España es uno de los países más representativos en el mundo respecto a la utilización de los dinosaurios como factor de desarrollo territorial en el medio rural. En algunos casos, como en Teruel, viene potenciado por la presencia permanente de especialistas que desarrollan su investigación en el entorno próximo del que proceden los fósiles.
Saurópodos virtuales: Una revolución en el estudio de los dinosaurios de cuello largo
Authors: Vidal Daniel
Published: June 2023

El estudio de los fósiles mediante técnicas de visualización en tres dimensiones, mejor conocido como paleontología virtual, ha supuesto una revolución en la investigación de los organismos del pasado en los últimos veinte años. El estudio de los populares dinosaurios saurópodos es ejemplo de ello: los complejos sistemas de soportes o las costosas réplicas usados antaño para estudiar sus esqueletos son ahora realizados fácilmente gracias a los avances en computación. Cuestiones como la posición de sus largos cuellos, sus capacidades de movimiento e implicaciones funcionales o incluso la cópula son más fáciles de abordar que nunca. Así, evidencias obtenidas mediante la metodología tradicional junto con las aportaciones de las nuevas tecnologías abren nuevas fronteras en el estudio de estos colosos.
Introduction: The legacy of the dinosaurs
Authors: Alcalá Luis
Published: June 2023

«Children find them exciting» is an unoriginal comment that those involved in dinosaur research have often heard. Popular appreciation of these animals dates almost as far back as their scientific discovery in the mid-19th century, and for much of the time since then, dinosaurs have been popularly regarded as entertainment. In recent decades, however, society has become more aware of the geological and biological aspects, rather than the recreational ones. Why are there so many sites in certain regions and none in other nearby areas? Which were the largest, and why did they reach such gigantic proportions? How do we know what colour they were? We hear these questions every day in lecture halls full of people eager to learn more about the mysteries of palaeontology.
Striving to Limit the Impact: Parenting an Adult Child Who Has Multiple Sclerosis—A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Holden Camilla , Hewitt Peter , Tams Rachel
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Its impact is felt not only by individuals but also by their families; however, little is known about the effect on their parents. This study of a cohort from the United Kingdom aimed to develop a conceptual understanding of the parental role and how it changes over time when an adult son or daughter has MS via firsthand accounts.

METHODS

Twelve parents of adults with MS were recruited from a UK hospital providing outpatient services to people with MS and a branch of a national MS charity. A social constructivist grounded theory approach informed audio-recorded semistructured interviews and subsequent data analysis.

RESULTS

In this sample, parents of adults with MS strove to limit the impact of MS on their son or daughter by undertaking practical caring activities and providing emotional support. The developed theoretical model illustrates how, in their efforts to meet this aim, parents experienced competing demands between prioritizing their child’s needs and managing the effects on their life, between managing the emotional experience and protecting their child from the burden of their experience, and between an intensified instinct/desire to help while maintaining their child’s independence.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings indicate that parents may be uniquely affected by their adult son or daughter having MS, advocating for their inclusion in research and clinical interventions addressing family adjustment to MS. Further research is needed to ascertain the generalizability of these findings in comparable samples and to determine the impact of sociodemographic and cultural variables on the observed phenomena.
Modelos de interacción entre ciencia y arte: subordinación y transferencia
Authors: Lanza Vidal Darío
Published: June 2023

Que la ciencia y el arte mantienen continuas y complejas interrelaciones y realimentaciones mutuas es incuestionable. Como expresiones de la actividad intelectual humana, han recorrido caminos en ocasiones independientes, paralelos en otras e interdependientes en la mayoría. A un debate tan extensamente documentado como este, lo que el presente estudio pretende aportar es una visión personal que ayude a organizar las tipologías de estas relaciones y a comprender la dialéctica y las tensiones que actualmente se establecen en la colaboración de estos dos dominios, al tiempo que a describir los procesos que movilizan estas relaciones y los resultados que se obtienen de su puesta en práctica, tanto a través de la obra de autores que exploran estas estrategias como en la producción de un caso práctico.
Carm1-arginine methylation of the transcription factor C/EBPα regulates transdifferentiation velocity
Authors: Torcal Garcia Guillem , Kowenz-Leutz Elisabeth , Tian Tian V , Klonizakis Antonis , Lerner Jonathan , De Andres-Aguayo Luisa , Sapozhnikova Valeriia , Berenguer Clara , Carmona Marcos Plana , Casadesus Maria Vila , Bulteau Romain , Francesconi Mirko , Peiro Sandra , Mertins Philipp , Zaret Kenneth , Leutz Achim , Graf Thomas
Published: June 2023

Here, we describe how the speed of C/EBPα-induced B cell to macrophage transdifferentiation (BMT) can be regulated, using both mouse and human models. The identification of a mutant of C/EBPα (C/EBPαR35A) that greatly accelerates BMT helped to illuminate the mechanism. Thus, incoming C/EBPα binds to PU.1, an obligate partner expressed in B cells, leading to the release of PU.1 from B cell enhancers, chromatin closing and silencing of the B cell program. Released PU.1 redistributes to macrophage enhancers newly occupied by C/EBPα, causing chromatin opening and activation of macrophage genes. All these steps are accelerated by C/EBPαR35A, initiated by its increased affinity for PU.1. Wild-type C/EBPα is methylated by Carm1 at arginine 35 and the enzyme’s perturbations modulate BMT velocity as predicted from the observations with the mutant. Increasing the proportion of unmethylated C/EBPα in granulocyte/macrophage progenitors by inhibiting Carm1 biases the cell’s differentiation toward macrophages, suggesting that cell fate decision velocity and lineage directionality are closely linked processes.
Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest
Authors: Lloyd Beth , de Voogd Lycia D , Mäki-Marttunen Verónica , Nieuwenhuis Sander
Published: June 2023

Neuromodulatory nuclei that are part of the ascending arousal system (AAS) play a crucial role in regulating cortical state and optimizing task performance. Pupil diameter, under constant luminance conditions, is increasingly used as an index of activity of these AAS nuclei. Indeed, task-based functional imaging studies in humans have begun to provide evidence of stimulus-driven pupil-AAS coupling. However, whether there is such a tight pupil-AAS coupling during rest is not clear. To address this question, we examined simultaneously acquired resting-state fMRI and pupil-size data from 74 participants, focusing on six AAS nuclei: the locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and cholinergic basal forebrain. Activation in all six AAS nuclei was optimally correlated with pupil size at 0–2 s lags, suggesting that spontaneous pupil changes were almost immediately followed by corresponding BOLD-signal changes in the AAS. These results suggest that spontaneous changes in pupil size that occur during states of rest can be used as a noninvasive general index of activity in AAS nuclei. Importantly, the nature of pupil-AAS coupling during rest appears to be vastly different from the relatively slow canonical hemodynamic response function that has been used to characterize task-related pupil-AAS coupling.
How honey bees make fast and accurate decisions
Authors: MaBouDi HaDi , Marshall James AR , Dearden Neville , Barron Andrew B
Published: June 2023

Honey bee ecology demands they make both rapid and accurate assessments of which flowers are most likely to offer them nectar or pollen. To understand the mechanisms of honey bee decision-making, we examined their speed and accuracy of both flower acceptance and rejection decisions. We used a controlled flight arena that varied both the likelihood of a stimulus offering reward and punishment and the quality of evidence for stimuli. We found that the sophistication of honey bee decision-making rivalled that reported for primates. Their decisions were sensitive to both the quality and reliability of evidence. Acceptance responses had higher accuracy than rejection responses and were more sensitive to changes in available evidence and reward likelihood. Fast acceptances were more likely to be correct than slower acceptances; a phenomenon also seen in primates and indicative that the evidence threshold for a decision changes dynamically with sampling time. To investigate the minimally sufficient circuitry required for these decision-making capacities, we developed a novel model of decision-making. Our model can be mapped to known pathways in the insect brain and is neurobiologically plausible. Our model proposes a system for robust autonomous decision-making with potential application in robotics.
The impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening and treatment in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Mak Victoria P , White Kami , Wilkens Lynne R , Cheng Iona , Haiman Christopher A , Le Marchand Loic
Published: June 2023

Background:

The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the health and day-to-day life of individuals, especially the elderly and people with certain pre-existing medical conditions, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate how COVID-19 impacted access to cancer screenings and treatment, by studying the participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.

Methods:

The MEC has been following over 215,000 residents of Hawai‘i and Los Angeles for the development of cancer and other chronic diseases since 1993–1996. It includes men and women of five racial and ethnic groups: African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White. In 2020, surviving participants were sent an invitation to complete an online survey on the impact of COVID-19 on their daily life activities, including adherence to cancer screening and treatment. Approximately 7,000 MEC participants responded. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the postponement of regular health care visits and cancer screening procedures or treatment with race and ethnicity, age, education, and comorbidity.

Results:

Women with more education, women with lung disease, COPD, or asthma, and women and men diagnosed with cancer in the past 5 years were more likely to postpone any cancer screening test/procedure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Groups less likely to postpone cancer screening included older women compared to younger women and Japanese American men and women compared to White men and women.

Conclusions:

This study revealed specific associations of race/ethnicity, age, education level, and comorbidities with the cancer-related screening and healthcare of MEC participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased monitoring of patients in high-risk groups for cancer and other diseases is of the utmost importance as the chance of undiagnosed cases or poor prognosis is increased as a result of delayed screening and treatment.

Funding:

This research was partially supported by the Omidyar 'Ohana Foundation and grant U01 CA164973 from the National Cancer Institute.
Live imaging of excitable axonal microdomains in ankyrin-G-GFP mice
Authors: Thome Christian , Janssen Jan Maximilian , Karabulut Seda , Acuna Claudio , D'Este Elisa , Soyka Stella J , Baum Konrad , Bock Michael , Lehmann Nadja , Roos Johannes , Stevens Nikolas A , Hasegawa Masashi , Ganea Dan A , Benoit Chloé M , Gründemann Jan , Min Lia Y , Bird Kalynn M , Schultz Christian , Bennett Vann , Jenkins Paul M , Engelhardt Maren
Published: June 2023

The axon initial segment (AIS) constitutes not only the site of action potential initiation, but also a hub for activity-dependent modulation of output generation. Recent studies shedding light on AIS function used predominantly post-hoc approaches since no robust murine in vivo live reporters exist. Here, we introduce a reporter line in which the AIS is intrinsically labeled by an ankyrin-G-GFP fusion protein activated by Cre recombinase, tagging the native Ank3 gene. Using confocal, superresolution, and two-photon microscopy as well as whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, we confirm that the subcellular scaffold of the AIS and electrophysiological parameters of labeled cells remain unchanged. We further uncover rapid AIS remodeling following increased network activity in this model system, as well as highly reproducible in vivo labeling of AIS over weeks. This novel reporter line allows longitudinal studies of AIS modulation and plasticity in vivo in real-time and thus provides a unique approach to study subcellular plasticity in a broad range of applications.
SIRT-1 is required for release of enveloped enteroviruses
Authors: Jassey Alagie , Logue James , Weston Stuart , Wagner Michael A , Galitska Ganna , Miller Katelyn , Frieman Matthew , Jackson William T
Published: June 2023

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a re-emerging enterovirus that causes acute respiratory illness in infants and has recently been linked to Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase, SIRT-1, is essential for autophagy and EV-D68 infection. Knockdown of SIRT-1 inhibits autophagy and reduces EV-D68 extracellular titers. The proviral activity of SIRT-1 does not require its deacetylase activity or functional autophagy. SIRT-1’s proviral activity is, we demonstrate, mediated through the repression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Inducing ER stress through thapsigargin treatment or SERCA2A knockdown in SIRT-1 knockdown cells had no additional effect on EV-D68 extracellular titers. Knockdown of SIRT-1 also decreases poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 titers but not coxsackievirus B3. In non-lytic conditions, EV-D68 is primarily released in an enveloped form, and SIRT-1 is required for this process. Our data show that SIRT-1, through its translocation to the cytosol, is critical to promote the release of enveloped EV-D68 viral particles.
Zn2+ is essential for Ca2+ oscillations in mouse eggs
Authors: Akizawa Hiroki , Lopes Emily M , Fissore Rafael A
Published: June 2023

Changes in the intracellular concentration of free calcium (Ca2+) underpin egg activation and initiation of development in animals and plants. In mammals, the Ca2+ release is periodical, known as Ca2+ oscillations, and mediated by the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1). Another divalent cation, zinc (Zn2+), increases exponentially during oocyte maturation and is vital for meiotic transitions, arrests, and polyspermy prevention. It is unknown if these pivotal cations interplay during fertilization. Here, using mouse eggs, we showed that basal concentrations of labile Zn2+ are indispensable for sperm-initiated Ca2+ oscillations because Zn2+-deficient conditions induced by cell-permeable chelators abrogated Ca2+ responses evoked by fertilization and other physiological and pharmacological agonists. We also found that chemically or genetically generated eggs with lower levels of labile Zn2+ displayed reduced IP3R1 sensitivity and diminished ER Ca2+ leak despite the stable content of the stores and IP3R1 mass. Resupplying Zn2+ restarted Ca2+ oscillations, but excessive Zn2+ prevented and terminated them, hindering IP3R1 responsiveness. The findings suggest that a window of Zn2+ concentrations is required for Ca2+ responses and IP3R1 function in eggs, ensuring optimal response to fertilization and egg activation.
Ebola virus sequesters IRF3 in viral inclusion bodies to evade host antiviral immunity
Authors: Zhu Lin , Jin Jing , Wang Tingting , Hu Yong , Liu Hainan , Gao Ting , Dong Qincai , Jin Yanwen , Li Ping , Liu Zijing , Huang Yi , Liu Xuan , Cao Cheng
Published: June 2023

Viral inclusion bodies (IBs) commonly form during the replication of Ebola virus (EBOV) in infected cells, but their role in viral immune evasion has rarely been explored. Here, we found that interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) or IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε), was recruited and sequestered in viral IBs when the cells were infected by EBOV transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particles (trVLPs). Nucleoprotein/virion protein 35 (VP35)-induced IBs formation was critical for IRF3 recruitment and sequestration, probably through interaction with STING. Consequently, the association of TBK1 and IRF3, which plays a vital role in type I interferon (IFN-I) induction, was blocked by EBOV trVLPs infection. Additionally, IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation induced by Sendai virus or poly(I:C) stimulation were suppressed by EBOV trVLPs. Furthermore, downregulation of STING significantly attenuated VP35-induced IRF3 accumulation in IBs. Coexpression of the viral proteins by which IB-like structures formed was much more potent in antagonizing IFN-I than expression of the IFN-I antagonist VP35 alone. These results suggested a novel immune evasion mechanism by which EBOV evades host innate immunity.
Loss of the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan disrupts axonal and synaptic stability during Drosophila development
Authors: Guss Ellen J , Akbergenova Yulia , Cunningham Karen L , Littleton J Troy
Published: June 2023

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) form essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) and have both structural and signaling roles. Perlecan is a secreted ECM-localized HSPG that contributes to tissue integrity and cell-cell communication. Although a core component of the ECM, the role of Perlecan in neuronal structure and function is less understood. Here, we identify a role for Drosophila Perlecan in the maintenance of larval motoneuron axonal and synaptic stability. Loss of Perlecan causes alterations in the axonal cytoskeleton, followed by axonal breakage and synaptic retraction of neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes are not prevented by blocking Wallerian degeneration and are independent of Perlecan’s role in Wingless signaling. Expression of Perlecan solely in motoneurons cannot rescue synaptic retraction phenotypes. Similarly, removing Perlecan specifically from neurons, glia, or muscle does not cause synaptic retraction, indicating the protein is secreted from multiple cell types and functions non-cell autonomously. Within the peripheral nervous system, Perlecan predominantly localizes to the neural lamella, a specialized ECM surrounding nerve bundles. Indeed, the neural lamella is disrupted in the absence of Perlecan, with axons occasionally exiting their usual boundary in the nerve bundle. In addition, entire nerve bundles degenerate in a temporally coordinated manner across individual hemi-segments throughout larval development. These observations indicate disruption of neural lamella ECM function triggers axonal destabilization and synaptic retraction of motoneurons, revealing a role for Perlecan in axonal and synaptic integrity during nervous system development.
Divergence of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 and reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 incident case data coincident with wide-spread availability of at-home COVID-19 antigen tests
Authors: Boehm Alexandria B. , Wolfe Marlene K. , White Bradley , Hughes Bridgette , Duong Dorothea
Published: June 2023

Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater settled solids from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) historically correlated strongly with laboratory confirmed incident COVID-19 case data. With the increased availability of at-home antigen tests since late 2021 and early 2022, laboratory test availability and test seeking behavior has decreased. In the United States, the results from at-home antigen tests are not typically reportable to public health agencies and thus are not counted in case reports. As a result, the number of reported laboratory-confirmed incident COVID-19 cases has decreased dramatically, even during times of increased test positivity rates and wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Herein, we tested whether the correlative relationship between wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 incidence rate has changed since 1 May 2022, a point in time immediately before the onset of the BA.2/BA.5 surge, the first surge to begin after at-home antigen test availability was high in the region. We used daily data from three POTWs in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area of California, USA for the analysis. We found that although there is a significant positive association between wastewater measurements and incident rate data collected after 1 May 2022, the parameters describing the relationship are different than those describing the relationship between the data collected prior to 1 May 2022. If laboratory test seeking or availability continues to change, the relationship between wastewater and reported case data will continue to change. Our results suggest, assuming SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding remains relatively stable among those infected with the virus as different variants emerge, that wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be used to estimate COVID-19 cases as they would have been during the time when laboratory testing availability and test seeking behavior were at a high (here, before 1 May 2022) using the historical relationship between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and COVID-19 case data.
Estudo da combinação de indicadores para análise da viabilidade de projetos: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bergmann Brenda Hellen , Nunes Elayne Lima , Cascaes Sirley Portela Meneses , Silva Marcos Moura
Published: June 2023

Com o crescente desenvolvimento da tecnologia nas últimas décadas, muitas pesquisas em inovação, sustentabilidade, agropecuária e temáticas afins têm surgido no mercado. Geralmente, visando a abertura de novos negócios rentáveis e com altas chances de sucesso. Porém, para se chegar a um resultado palpável, não basta apenas verificar os aspectos qualitativos dos setores envolvidos, mas fazer uma análise e projeção quantitativa dos valores em voga. Para isso, a utilização de indicadores financeiros tem se mostrado eficiente para projetar resultados de projetos e fornecer dados possíveis para a tomada de decisão de investimento. Destarte, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a combinação mais eficiente dos indicadores financeiros para análise de investimentos no Brasil, onde se fará um levantamento dos principais indicadores financeiros utilizados no país nos últimos cinco anos, uma identificação dos setores e tipos de projetos que mais concentram as pesquisas de investimentos, assim como apresentar as combinações mais recorrentes. Para isso, a metodologia escolhida foi a combinação quantitativa, descritiva e bibliográfica. Como resultados, observou-se que o conjunto de indicadores mais frequente em utilizações é TIR, VPL, Payback Descontado e TMA, em ordem decrescente; enquanto que o conjunto considerado mais eficiente pelas autoras foi a junção de TMA, TIR, IL e Payback Descontado.
Agronomic Practices Adopted by Farmers in Kharar Division SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
Authors: Abhishek  , Kabir  , Jitender  , Singh Gurshaminder
Published: June 2023

The agriculture industry in India contributes over 20% of its GDP, which is a significant amount to the national economy. 70% of India's population is dependent on it for existence. Agriculture is a crucial sector of the Indian economy, making up around 20 percent of its GDP. Agronomic techniques include everything a farmer does from seed to seed, from planting seeds to collecting and storing them. The study was conducted in Kharar block of SAS Nagar district of Punjab. Shakrullapur, Rora, Bibipur, Batta, and Fatehpuri Therhi were the villages selected. A questionnaire was developed to conduct interviews with the farmers. After gathering information from respondents, it was organized and put through the necessary statistical tests for analysis. 97 percent of respondents cultivate rice, while all cultivators produce wheat in their fields, according to the data collected. In addition, 28% of farmers cultivate maize from these crops, while 76% grow sorghum and berseem as fodder crops. Additionally, it was shown that farmers use more fertilizer, chemicals pesticides, and seeds than is advised. Wheat and paddy had an average yield of 30 q/ha and 65 q/ha, respectively.
Assessment of oral overlap with antipsychotic long-acting injectables initiated in an inpatient setting
Authors: Tran Jennifer T. , Binger Katie J. , Miles Talia M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are a promising solution to combating issues related to nonadherence to oral antipsychotics. Oral overlap is utilized when an LAI is initiated to achieve therapeutic concentrations. The place in therapy in which additional overlap is warranted is often mistaken, and providers may prescribe additional overlap based on the presentation of the patient or misunderstanding of appropriate overlap.

Methods

This retrospective chart review assesses patients who were initiated on an LAI while admitted to the acute inpatient psychiatric unit from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome assesses the appropriateness of oral overlap with LAIs. Secondary outcomes include adherence to oral overlap, discontinuation of an LAI within 4 months, and reason for discontinuation of LAI.

Results

A total of 62 patients were included: 40 (65%) had appropriate overlap, and 22 (35%) had inappropriate overlap. The most common LAI was paliperidone (n = 50, 81%). Patients were adherent to oral overlap in 67% (n = 6) of the appropriate overlap group and 85% (n = 17) of the inappropriate overlap group. Discontinuation of an LAI in 4 months occurred in 62.5% (n = 25) of the appropriate group and 40.9% (n = 9) of the inappropriate group. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes when comparing adherence to oral overlap (p = .26), discontinuation of LAI within 4 months (p = .62), and reason for discontinuation (p = .69).

Discussion

This study identified that a majority of patients had appropriate prescribing of oral antipsychotic overlap.
Precipitated withdrawal with kratom use following naltrexone administration
Authors: Jarka Courtney , Gregoire Kelsey
Published: June 2023

Kratom is an herbal supplement with reports of use for natural pain relief or treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Kratom has metabolites that bind to and agonize mu-opioid receptors similar to opiate medications. There have been reports of serious adverse reactions, with a potential for dependence with long-term use and withdrawal that may occur upon discontinuation. Naltrexone can result in abrupt withdrawal symptoms when used with opioids or opioid-like supplements such as kratom. This case report describes withdrawal precipitated by naltrexone administration in a patient with undisclosed chronic kratom use. This case highlights the importance of thorough assessment of all self-administered herbal and over-the-counter supplements as they may have serious interactions with other prescribed medications and affect therapeutic outcomes.
Associação entre força de preensão manual e ângulo de fase em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Pereira Maria Luiza Amorim Sena , Pereira Marlus Henrique Queiroz , Teles Bruno Klécius Andrade , Corrêa Márcia Mara , Oliveira Elizabete Regina Araújo de
Published: June 2023

Introdução: a Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) é um indicador de saúde e funcionalidade do idoso, que diminui com o passar do tempo, impactada por aspectos como mudanças na composição corporal. Objetivo: investigar a associação entre o Ângulo de Fase Padronizado (AFP) e FPM em idosos comunitários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Metodologia: estudo transversal, com pessoas de 60 anos ou mais, atendidos na APS. A variável dependente foi a FPM medida com dinamômetro e a independente principal foi o AFP com base no sexo e faixa etária, calculado a partir do ângulo de fase obtido pela bioimpedância. Foi realizada a regressão logística com entrada por bloco, sendo incluídas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram associação com nível crítico menor do que 10%. Resultados: dos 296 indivíduos avaliados, 28,0% exibiram baixa FPM e 15,9% apresentaram AFP < -1,65°. As variáveis inseridas no modelo final de regressão logística, juntamente com o AFP, foram sexo, faixa etária, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Circunferência da Panturrilha (CP). A análise mostrou que o AFP < -1,65° aumenta a chance do idoso apresentar baixa FPM, tanto na análise sem ajuste (OR = 2,71; IC 95% 1,43-5,15), quanto no modelo final (OR = 2,35; IC 95% 1,14-4,87). Conclusão: o AFP mostrou-se associado à FPM, independentemente da interação com sexo, faixa etária, IMC e CP. A sua utilização pode contribuir na avaliação de idosos, especialmente quando a aferição da FPM não for possível.
Use of High-Risk Medications Among Older Adults Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Plans vs Traditional Medicare
Authors: Figueroa Jose F. , Dai Dannie , Feyman Yevgeniy , Garrido Melissa M. , Tsai Thomas C. , Orav E. John , Frakt Austin B.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Limiting the use of high-risk medications (HRMs) among older adults is a national priority to provide a high quality of care for older beneficiaries of both Medicare Advantage and traditional fee-for-service Medicare Part D plans.

Objective

To evaluate the differences in the rate of HRM prescription fills among beneficiaries of traditional Medicare vs Medicare Advantage Part D plans and to examine the extent to which these differences change over time and the patient-level factors associated with higher rates of HRMs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a 20% sample of Medicare Part D data on filled drug prescriptions from 2013 to 2017 and a 40% sample from 2018. The sample comprised Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older who were enrolled in Medicare Advantage or traditional Medicare Part D plans. Data were analyzed between April 1, 2022, and April 15, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the number of unique HRMs prescribed to older Medicare beneficiaries per 1000 beneficiaries. Linear regression models were used to model the primary outcome, adjusting for patient characteristics and county characteristics and including hospital referral region fixed effects.

Results

The sample included 5 595 361 unique Medicare Advantage beneficiaries who were propensity score–matched on a year-by-year basis to 6 578 126 unique traditional Medicare beneficiaries between 2013 and 2018, resulting in 13 704 348 matched pairs of beneficiary-years. The traditional Medicare vs Medicare Advantage cohorts were similar in age (mean [SD] age, 75.65 [7.53] years vs 75.60 [7.38] years), proportion of males (8 127 261 [59.3%] vs 8 137 834 [59.4%]; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.002), and predominant race and ethnicity (77.1% vs 77.4% non-Hispanic White; SMD = 0.05). On average in 2013, Medicare Advantage beneficiaries filled 135.1 (95% CI, 128.4-142.6) unique HRMs per 1000 beneficiaries compared with 165.6 (95% CI, 158.1-172.3) HRMs per 1000 beneficiaries for traditional Medicare. In 2018, the rate of HRMs had decreased to 41.5 (95% CI, 38.2-44.2) HRMs per 1000 beneficiaries in Medicare Advantage and to 56.9 (95% CI, 54.1-60.1) HRMs per 1000 beneficiaries in traditional Medicare. Across the study period, Medicare Advantage beneficiaries received 24.3 (95% CI, 20.2-28.3) fewer HRMs per 1000 beneficiaries per year compared with traditional Medicare beneficiaries. Female, American Indian or Alaska Native, and White populations were more likely to receive HRMs than other groups.

Conclusion and Relevance

Results of this study showed that HRM rates were consistently lower among Medicare Advantage than traditional Medicare beneficiaries. Higher use of HRMs among female, American Indian or Alaska Native, and White populations is a concerning disparity that requires further attention.
A study on building projects of the Catholic Diocese of Fukuoka: Construction of Madarajima church and Yobuko church
Authors: Fukushima Ayako
Published: June 2023

The Catholic Diocese of Fukuoka holds documents from the late 1920s when the Diocese was newly established. The documents show how construction of church buildings were carried out in the early days of the Diocese. Madarajima church and Yobuko church were rebuilt in 1929. Both were built using the method of relocation and reuse of wooden church buildings, which became disused due to rebuilding. Study of the documents revealed that old church structures were purposely reused because it could provide a church of Gothic Revival style with rib‐vaulted ceiling and also reduce the construction cost. Gothic Revival style with rib‐vaulted ceiling was the standard of church design in Japan since the late 19th century until the 1920s. Because of this tradition, parish priest as well as parishioners of both of Madarajima and Yobuko churches desired Gothic style with the rib‐vaulted ceiling for the new church buildings. The Diocesan documents showed that the parish priest as well as parishioners of Madarajima Church contributed cash to building funds on top of the deposit of the parish in order to materialize the new church of Gothic Revival style and the Diocese covered the deficit.