bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-metal-dependent nucleic acid enzymes
Authors: Zhou Wenhu , Liu Juewen
Published: October 2017

Nucleic acid enzymes require metal ions for activity, and many recently discovered enzymes can use multiple metals, either binding to the scissile phosphate or also playing an allosteric role.
Nanomechanical clinical coagulation diagnostics and monitoring of therapies
Authors: Padovani Francesco , Duffy James , Hegner Martin
Published: October 2017

Nanoscillations of microcantilevers as a novel strategy to diagnose and monitor blood coagulation disorders, using a few microliters of the sample.
Microfluidic fabrication of hollow protein microcapsules for rate-controlled release
Authors: Feng Yiming , Lee Youngsoo
Published: October 2017

Using an internal phase separation method to direct protein self-assembly and control the formation of microcapsules.
Palladium-catalyzed regiodivergent hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes to primary amides with ammonium chloride
Authors: Gao Bao , Zhang Guoying , Zhou Xibing , Huang Hanmin
Published: October 2017

A new and efficient process for transferring NH4Cl to both linear and branched primary amides has been achieved via palladium-catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes.
Fe–N co-decorated hierarchically porous graphene as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Cao Jianyu , Jia Xiaodi , Guo Mengwei , Du Yingying , Xu Juan , Chen Zhidong
Published: October 2017

The excellent ORR performance of FeN/Gs is ascribed to their 3D nanoporous frame structure and abundant catalytically active Fe–Nx species.
Therapeutics targeting Bcl-2 in hematological malignancies
Authors: Ruefli-Brasse Astrid , Reed John C.
Published: October 2017

Members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene family are attractive targets for cancer therapy as they play a key role in promoting cell survival, a long-since established hallmark of cancer. Clinical utility for selective inhibition of specific anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins has recently been realized with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of venetoclax (formerly ABT-199/GDC-0199) in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion. Despite the impressive monotherapy activity in CLL, such responses have rarely been observed in other B-cell malignancies, and preclinical data suggest that combination therapies will be needed in other indications. Additional selective antagonists of Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development and hold the promise of extending clinical utility beyond CLL and overcoming resistance to venetoclax. In addition to direct targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins with BH3 mimetics, combination therapies that aim at down-regulating expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members or restoring expression of pro-apoptotic BH3 family proteins may provide a means to deepen responses to venetoclax and extend the utility to additional indications. Here, we review recent progress in direct and selective targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins for cancer therapy and the search for rationale combinations.
Writing Measurable and Academically Relevant IEP Goals With 80% Accuracy Over Three Consecutive Trials
Authors: Diehm Emily
Published: October 2017

Although one would hope that the magic of goal writing is somehow bestowed upon each speech-language pathologist during their graduate training, or at a minimum upon graduation, pre-service speech-language pathologists, as well as practicing speech-language pathologists, report that goal writing is challenging. This difficulty experienced while writing goals may result in SLPs and other special education providers searching the internet or IEPs of other students with similar needs to find a pre-written goal to use. Unfortunately, an over-reliance on web-based or software-based goal banks is problematic, as these resources still contain poorly written goals that are not measurable and vague and may ultimately decrease the individualization of the goal and treatment to a student's specific needs. Because goals are the “road map” for a student's speech-language intervention, it is not surprising that researchers have hypothesized, and more recently observed, that poorly written IEPs goals are negatively related to growth and progress in the curriculum. The purpose of this article is to remind SLPs of the importance of writing goals that are relevant to the findings of assessments, aligned to state academic standards, contain specific and measurable outcomes, and encourage growth in the skills needed to have academic success.
Equation of state of dense nuclear matter and neutron star structure from nuclear chiral interactions
Authors: Bombaci Ignazio , Logoteta Domenico
Published: October 2017

Aims. We report a new microscopic equation of state (EOS) of dense symmetric nuclear matter, pure neutron matter, and asymmetric and β-stable nuclear matter at zero temperature using recent realistic two-body and three-body nuclear interactions derived in the framework of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) and including the Δ(1232) isobar intermediate state. This EOS is provided in tabular form and in parametrized form ready for use in numerical general relativity simulations of binary neutron star merging. Here we use our new EOS for β-stable nuclear matter to compute various structural properties of non-rotating neutron stars.

Methods. The EOS is derived using the Brueckner–Bethe–Goldstone quantum many-body theory in the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approximation. Neutron star properties are next computed solving numerically the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov structure equations.

Results. Our EOS models are able to reproduce the empirical saturation point of symmetric nuclear matter, the symmetry energy Esym, and its slope parameter L at the empirical saturation density n0. In addition, our EOS models are compatible with experimental data from collisions between heavy nuclei at energies ranging from a few tens of MeV up to several hundreds of MeV per nucleon. These experiments provide a selective test for constraining the nuclear EOS up to ~4n0. Our EOS models are consistent with present measured neutron star masses and particularly with the mass M = 2.01 ± 0.04 M⊙ of the neutron stars in PSR J0348+0432.
Molecular Analysis Confirms that FKRP-Related Disorders are Underdiagnosed in Mexican Patients with Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Navarro-Cobos María , González-del Angel Ariadna , Estandia-Ortega Bernardette , Ruiz-Herrera Adriana , Becerra Arturo , Vargas-Ramírez Guadalupe , Bermúdez-López Cesárea , Alcántara-Ortigoza Miguel
Published: October 2017

The FKRP-related disorders include the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I, MIM#607155) which has a clinical overlap with dystrophinopathies. Except for Brazil, LGMD2I has not been described in other Latin-American countries, despite that 1/64 Mexican-ancestry individuals carry the commonest European p.(Leu276Ile) pathogenic FKRP variant (rs28937900, 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3), suggesting an underdiagnosis. Sequencing of exon 4 of FKRP in 60 unrelated Mexican patients with presumptive diagnoses of dystrophinopathy without DMD gene deletions, or with a neuromuscular disorder of unknown etiology, revealed two patients (2/60, 3.3%): one of them with an unreported pathogenic genotype, p.[Leu276Ile];[Asn463Asp] and a Duchenne-like phenotype; and the other that stands as the third reported case bearing the severe genotype, p.[Asn463Asp];[Asn463Asp] leading to a congenital presentation (MIM#606612). We identified two patients heterozygous for the p.(Arg143Ser) and the novel p.(Arg48Pro) variants, respectively, which were absent in 200 control alleles. Protein modeling suggests that p.(Arg143Ser) is a tolerated change, while p.(Arg48Pro) induces a structural modification, although further molecular confirmation of dystrophinopathy was obtained in the p.(Arg48Pro) patient. Our results justify the inclusion of FKRP-related disorders in the differential diagnosis of Mexican neuromuscular patients. The commonly reported heterozygous FKRP genotypes deserve attention to avoid LGMD2I molecular misdiagnosis.
Telemedizinische Assistenzsysteme in der Rehabilitation und Nachsorge – Projekte,
Technologien und Funktionen
Authors: John M.
Published: October 2017

Die Entwicklung von telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen in der Rehabilitation und Nachsorge
steckt erst in den Anfängen. In den letzten Jahren lässt sich der Trend zu einer
verstärkten Fokussierung auf den konkreten Behandlungsprozess zwischen Arzt, Therapeut und
Patienten beobachten. Der Einsatz von telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen ergänzt und
erweitert die ärztlichen bzw. therapeutischen Behandlungsprozesse. Hierdurch bieten sich
für Kliniken sowie niedergelassene Ärzte und Therapeuten neue Möglichkeiten der
Behandlung.

Diesen Stand der Diskussion und Praxis aufzuarbeiten sowie einen Überblick über aktuelle
Trends zu geben ist das Ziel des folgenden Beitrags. Zuerst wird in dem Artikel ein
Überblick über aktuelle Projekte und Technologien für Telemedizinische Assistenzsysteme
gegeben. Zur besseren Einordnung der Funktions- und Wirkweise wird abschließend ein
Referenzmodell von Telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen entwickelt und vorgestellt.
ReMove-It – Entwicklung einer telemedizinisch assistierten Bewegungstherapie für
die Rehabilitation nach Intervention an der unteren Extremität
Authors: Haupt T. , Wolschke M. , Rabe S. , Scholz I. , Smurawski A. , Salzwedel A. , Thomas F. , Reich H. , Völler H. , Liebach J. , Eichler S.
Published: October 2017

Knie- und Hüftgelenksarthrose zählen zu den zehn häufigsten Einzeldiagnosen in orthopädischen
Praxen. Die Wirksamkeit einer stationären Rehabilitation für Patienten nach Knie- oder
Hüft-Totalendoprothese (TEP) ist in mehreren Studien belegt. Dennoch stellt die mittel-
und langfristige Nachhaltigkeit zum Erhalt des Therapieerfolges eine große Herausforderung
dar. Das Ziel des Projekts ReMove-It ist es, einen Wirksamkeitsnachweis für
eintelemedizinisch assistiertes Interventionstraining für Patienten nach einem operativen
Eingriff an den unteren Extremitäten zu erbringen.

In dem Beitrag wird anhand von Erfahrungsberichten dargestellt, wie das interaktive
Übungsprogramm für Knie- und Hüft-TEP-Patienten entwickelt und das telemedizinische
Assistenzsystem MeineReha® in den Behandlungsalltag von drei Rehakliniken
integriert wurde. Ebenso werden der Aufbau und Ablauf der klinischen Studie dargestellt
und das System aus Sicht der beteiligten Ärzte, und Therapeuten bewertet.
Primary Aldosteronism: The Next Five Years
Authors: Funder John
Published: October 2017

The management of primary aldosteronism is widely varied within various published guidelines, with very little in the way of data supporting the choice of one variation over others. Current estimates of prevalence are probably accurate for aldosterone producing adenoma, but fall very short of that for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Discovery at the level of basic science has proven illuminating over the past 6 years in terms of unilateral disease and both somatic and germline mutations, with much less focus on the much more common bilateral disease; Attempts at harmonization have begun – for example, criteria for complete/partial/absent cure after adrenalectomy for unilateral disease; again focus on bilateral disease is muted. A number of possibilities are suggested as agenda for active consideration and change, across a wide range of areas – referral patterns, screening, confirmation and lateralization, what will be needed is discussion and agreement, to fill the lacunae within the current guidelines. Those involved will want to change to make such an agenda possible.
Lipidomic Changes in Skeletal Muscle in Patients after Biliopancreatic Diversion
Authors: Mehnert Carola , Graessler Juergen , Kamvissi-Lorenz Virginia , Castagneto Gissey Lidia , Casella Mariolo James , Casella Giovanni , Mingrone Geltrude , Bornstein Stefan
Published: October 2017

The mechanisms behind the fast improvements of insulin sensitivity and release of the diabetic metabolic state after bariatric surgery are still not completely understood. To further elucidate the effects on the individual cellular level, we applied mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the lipidomic profile of skeletal muscle cells before and after biliopancreatic diversion in six patients. We found a decrease in lipid storage species, mainly triacylglycerides (e. g., TAG 52:2 from 19.84 to 13.26 mol%; p=0.028), and an increase in structural and signaling lipids, including phosphatidylcholines [PC 36:2 (18:1/18:1) from 0.12 to 0.65 mol%; p=0.046], phosphatidylinositols (PI 36:2 from 0.008 to 0.039 mol%; p=0.046), and cardiolipins (CL 72:8 from 0.16 to 1.22 mol%; p=0.043). The proportional increase in structural lipids was directly and the decrease in TAGs was inversely correlated to improved post-operative insulin sensitivity, measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Thus, short-term recovery of insulin sensitivity after biliopancreatic diversion may, beside gut hormonal adaptation, mechanical factors, shifts in the gut microbiome, and changes in bile acid and phospholipid metabolism, additionally be attributed to a metabolic recovery of skeletal muscle cells, reflected by normalization of the cellular lipidomic profile. Further studies are needed to investigate whether improved insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle might be directly associated with the degradation of ectopic triglycerides, thereby reducing the reservoir of lipotoxic intermediates, which might interfere with insulin signaling and hamper mitochondrial metabolism.
Medikamentöse Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Berliner Dominik , Bauersachs Johann
Published: October 2017

Die chronische Herzinsuffizienz nimmt aufgrund einer veränderten Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung, aber auch einer verbesserten medizinischen
(Akut-)Versorgung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen an Inzidenz und Prävalenz zu. Unbehandelt hat sie eine schlechte Prognose – (rezidivierende)
Hospitalisierungen stellen ein zunehmendes gesundheitsökonomisches Problem dar. Fortschritte in der Therapie der Patienten durch moderne
Substanzen und konsequente Umsetzung der Therapieempfehlungen können die Prognose der Betroffenen deutlich verbessern. Neben der Etablierung
der Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten bereits in milderen Stadien der systolischen Herzinsuffizienz und der Therapie mit dem
If-Kanal-Blocker Ivabradin verspricht insbesondere der neue Angiotensin-Rezeptor-/Neprilysin-Inhibitor Sacubitril/Valsartan
eine Verbesserung der Prognose. Daneben rücken zunehmend Diagnostik und Therapie prognosemodifizierender Komorbiditäten weiter in den Fokus.
Die im Sommer 2016 vorgestellten aktualisierten Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) fassen den aktuellen Stand
der Evidenz zusammen und geben Empfehlungen zur zeitgemäßen Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz.
Plasmon resonance studies of iron coated gold films with and without an applied magnetic field
Authors: Podolak K. , Buckser E. , Qudsi Z. , Salvamoser I. , Tiwari K.
Published: October 2017

Surface plasmon excitations can result from the absorption of light incident on gold films. Adding a ferromagnetic metal, in our case iron, allows the surface plasmon resonance peak energy to be manipulated not only by the free electrons present in metals, but by an external magnetic field as well. Surface plasmon resonance is being used by devices found in industry, however manipulations of the surface plasmon resonance peak energy condition need further studies. Two experimental results are reported in this paper based on thin films of iron on gold/chromium, one based on the thickness of iron and the other with an application of a large 4000 Gauss DC magnetic field. Both of these changes result in a shift in the peak energy of the surface plasmon.
Identification and characterization of the out-of-plane resonance in a dielectric elastomer to drive an agile robotic cube
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Bo , Sun Wenjie , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Hualing
Published: October 2017

A dielectric elastomer (DE) vibrates and resonates mechanically under an alternating voltage and the vibrations undergo a transition from the in-plane to the out-of-plane state. In this study, a phase diagram was established experimentally to illustrate this transition and an electromechanical model was proposed to predict the transition using the boundary conditions. The resonance frequencies were calculated and were shown to be consistent with the experimentally obtained values. A novel vibration-driven robotic cube was then designed and powered by the dielectric elastomer at the 1st order out-of-plane resonance. The agile robotic cube is ultralight and demonstrated a speedy response of 125 mm/s (1.8 body length/s), which is superior to the locomotive dynamics of the existing DE-based robotic devices.
Finite-size effects in a stochastic Kuramoto model
Authors: Gottwald Georg A.
Published: October 2017

We present a collective coordinate approach to study the collective behaviour of a finite ensemble of N stochastic Kuramoto oscillators using two degrees of freedom: one describing the shape dynamics of the oscillators and one describing their mean phase. Contrary to the thermodynamic limit N → ∞ in which the mean phase of the cluster of globally synchronized oscillators is constant in time, the mean phase of a finite-size cluster experiences Brownian diffusion with a variance proportional to 1/N. This finite-size effect is quantitatively well captured by our collective coordinate approach.
Building health literacy responsiveness in Melbourne’s west: a systems approach
Authors: Allott Mindy L. , Sofra Tanya , O'Donnell Gail , Hearne Jeremy L. , Naccarella Lucio
Published: October 2017

With high health inequities among some population groups, health professionals and organisations are increasingly taking action on health literacy. This case study demonstrates how a systems approach to health literacy responsiveness created change across a region. From 2013 to 2017 the Health Literacy Development Project incorporating a training course and community of practice (the Project) targeted the health and community services system in Melbourne’s west. The Project created a ripple effect that built health literacy responsiveness at the individual and organisational level. This contributed to increased use of health literacy practices and led to systems change across the region. Creating change within the health and community services system is extremely challenging. This case study provides some evidence that a systems approach can support change in the health literacy responsiveness of a regional health and community services system over a 4-year timeframe.

What is known about the topic?
Health professionals and organisations are increasingly looking to use systems approaches to take action on health literacy. Health literacy responsiveness is an emerging field with limited peer-reviewed studies available.

What does this paper add?
This case study offers insights into how a systems approach to health literacy responsiveness can support change within a regional health and community services system.

What are the implications for practitioners?
A systems approach is a viable and realistic approach for public health practitioners seeking to improve health literacy responsiveness within a region by building workforce capability and embedding health literacy practices within organisations.
Redox-State Dependent Spectroscopic Properties of Porous Organic Polymers Containing Furan, Thiophene, and Selenophene
Authors: Hua Carol , Woo Stone , Rawal Aditya , Tuna Floriana , Hook James M. , Collison David , D'Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: October 2017

A series of electroactive triarylamine porous organic polymers (POPs) with furan, thiophene, and selenophene (POP-O, POP-S, and POP-Se) linkers have been synthesised and their electronic and spectroscopic properties investigated as a function of redox state. Solid state NMR provided insight into the structural features of the POPs, while in situ solid state Vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemistry showed that the distinct redox states in POP-S could be reversibly accessed. The development of redox-active porous organic polymers with heterocyclic linkers affords their potential application as stimuli responsive materials in gas storage, catalysis, and as electrochromic materials.
Natural variation identifies genes affecting drought-induced abscisic acid accumulation in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kalladan Rajesh , Lasky Jesse R. , Chang Trent Z. , Sharma Sandeep , Juenger Thomas E. , Verslues Paul E.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates to high levels during drought stress, and ABA levels, in turn, control many downstream responses that determine plant growth, productivity, and survival during drought. Despite the central importance of ABA, we know little of how drought stress elicits ABA accumulation, how different aspects of ABA metabolism are coordinated to match the level of ABA to stress severity, or how variation in ABA accumulation may contribute to environmental adaptation. When exposed to an equal severity of water limitation,
Arabidopsis thaliana
accessions exhibited wide variation in their ABA content. These results allowed us to identify effectors of ABA accumulation and also indicated that variation in ABA accumulation may contribute to variation in other drought-related traits.
Evolutionary and molecular foundations of multiple contemporary functions of the nitroreductase superfamily
Authors: Akiva Eyal , Copp Janine N. , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Babbitt Patricia C.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Functionally diverse enzyme superfamilies are sets of homologs that conserve a structural fold and mechanistic details but perform various distinct chemical reactions. What are the evolutionary routes by which ancestral proteins diverge to produce extant enzymes? We present an approach that combines experimental data with computational tools to trace these sequence–structure–function transitions in a model system, the functionally diverse flavin mononucleotide-dependent nitroreductases (NTRs). Our results suggest an evolutionary model in which contemporary NTR classes have diverged in a radial manner from a minimal flavin-binding scaffold via insertions at key positions and fixation of functional residues, yielding the reaction versatility of contemporary enzymes. These principles will facilitate rational design of NTRs and advance general approaches for delineating the emergence of functional diversity in enzyme superfamilies.
Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers
Authors: Benazzo Andrea , Trucchi Emiliano , Cahill James A. , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Mona Stefano , Fumagalli Matteo , Bunnefeld Lynsey , Cornetti Luca , Ghirotto Silvia , Girardi Matteo , Ometto Lino , Panziera Alex , Rota-Stabelli Omar , Zanetti Enrico , Karamanlidis Alexandros , Groff Claudio , Paule Ladislav , Gentile Leonardo , Vilà Carles , Vicario Saverio , Boitani Luigi , Orlando Ludovic , Fuselli Silvia , Vernesi Cristiano , Shapiro Beth , Ciucci Paolo , Bertorelle Giorgio
Published: October 2017

Significance

A small and relict population of brown bears lives in complete isolation in the Italian Apennine Mountains, providing a unique opportunity to study the impact of drift and selection on the genomes of a large endangered mammal and reconstruct the phenotypic consequences and the conservation implications of such evolutionary processes. The Apennine bear is highly inbred and harbors very low genomic variation. Several deleterious mutations have been accumulated by drift. We found evidence that this is a consequence of habitat fragmentation in the Neolithic, when human expansion and land clearance shrank its habitat, and that retention of variation at immune system and olfactory receptor genes as well as changes in diet and behavior prevented the extinction of the Apennine bear.
Reduction of solar photovoltaic resources due to air pollution in China
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Wagner Fabian , Peng Wei , Yang Junnan , Mauzerall Denise L.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Enormous growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in China is planned, with a goal to provide 10% of total electricity demand by 2030. However, over much of China, aerosol pollution scatters and absorbs sunlight, significantly reducing surface solar radiation suitable for PV electricity generation. We evaluate the impact of aerosols on PV generation and find aerosol-related annual average reductions in eastern China to be more than 20%. In winter, aerosols have comparable impacts to clouds over eastern provinces. Improving air quality in China would increase efficiency of solar PV generation. As a positive feedback, increased PV efficiency and deployment would further reduce air pollutant emissions as well.
A stromal region of cytochrome
b
6
f
subunit IV is involved in the activation of the Stt7 kinase in
Chlamydomonas
Authors: Dumas Louis , Zito Francesca , Blangy Stéphanie , Auroy Pascaline , Johnson Xenie , Peltier Gilles , Alric Jean
Published: October 2017

Significance

Sunlight is a powerful but fluctuating energy source used by photosynthetic organisms as a substrate for biochemistry. To optimize photosynthetic efficiency, the distribution of energy input between the two photosystems is regulated through state transitions. This mechanism is common to all organisms of the green lineage and depends on the concerted response of the cytochrome
b

6

f
complex and the Stt7 kinase to changing redox conditions along the electron transport chain. The identification of a cytochrome
b

6

f
stromal motif involved in state transitions gives insight into the mechanism of Stt7 kinase activation.
Development of functional ectopic compound eyes in scarabaeid beetles by knockdown of
orthodenticle
Authors: Zattara Eduardo E. , Macagno Anna L. M. , Busey Hannah A. , Moczek Armin P.
Published: October 2017

Significance

From both evolutionary and biomedical perspectives, ectopic organ development is a promising paradigm to investigate the emergence and integration of novel complex structures outside their normal biological context. However, the best known examples of ectopic organ induction require genetic techniques only available for a few model systems. Here, we report the ectopic induction of complex and functional organs, compound eyes, by down-regulation of a single transcription factor through RNAi, a technique known to work well across a broad taxonomic range. These results provide a remarkable example of the ability of developmental systems to channel massive perturbations toward orderly and functional outcomes and open the use of ectopic eyes as an accessible paradigm of ectopic organ development.
Studies on the mechanical properties of steel–TiB2 composites obtained by high pressure sintering
Authors: Sulima Iwona , Boczkal Grzegorz
Published: October 2017

The currently used composites produced by classical sintering methods are characterised by numerous limitations due to the difficulties in combining different materials with extreme properties. One of the ways to overcome these limitations is in the use of modern sintering methods, including the high pressure-high temperature process. This study describes the composite materials based on 316L austenitic steel reinforced with titanium diboride and examines the effect of sintering conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of sintered composites. It has been found that the key parameter in the manufacture of composites with optimal properties is the sintering time and temperature, while martensitic transformation taking place in the composite matrix can be controlled by the properly selected pressure applied during the sintering process.
Future of Pacific Salmon in the Face of Environmental Change: Lessons from One of the World's Remaining Productive Salmon Regions
Authors: Schoen Erik R. , Wipfli Mark S. , Trammell E. Jamie , Rinella Daniel J. , Floyd Angelica L. , Grunblatt Jess , McCarthy Molly D. , Meyer Benjamin E. , Morton John M. , Powell James E. , Prakash Anupma , Reimer Matthew N. , Stuefer Svetlana L. , Toniolo Horacio , Wells Brett M. , Witmer Frank D. W.
Published: October 2017

Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. face serious challenges from climate and landscape change, particularly in the southern portion of their native range. Conversely, climate warming appears to be allowing salmon to expand northwards into the Arctic. Between these geographic extremes, in the Gulf of Alaska region, salmon are at historically high abundances but face an uncertain future due to rapid environmental change. We examined changes in climate, hydrology, land cover, salmon populations, and fisheries over the past 30–70 years in this region. We focused on the Kenai River, which supports world-famous fisheries but where Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha populations have declined, raising concerns about their future resilience. The region is warming and experiencing drier summers and wetter autumns. The landscape is also changing, with melting glaciers, wetland loss, wildfires, and human development. This environmental transformation will likely harm some salmon populations while benefiting others. Lowland salmon streams are especially vulnerable, but retreating glaciers may allow production gains in other streams. Some fishing communities harvest a diverse portfolio of fluctuating resources, whereas others have specialized over time, potentially limiting their resilience. Maintaining diverse habitats and salmon runs may allow ecosystems and fisheries to continue to thrive amidst these changes.
Archetypal images in Haida art
Authors: Hedman Bruce
Published: October 2017

The Haida, a First People of British Columbia, evolved over 3000 years an art form which is rich in archetypal images. Most Northwest Coast anthropologists study only the form of Haida art, but Wilson Duff and George MacDonald have pursued its meaning using terms that echo analytical psychology. In this paper, I argue that the structure of shamanic cosmology and Haida moieties parallel the distinction in the human psyche which Marie-Louise von Franz called the Unconscious Above and the Unconscious Below. The ‘marriage of opposites’, the reconciliation of Logos and Eros, Duff saw symbolized in Haida art by the Copper, which I call the ‘HaidaAnthropos’. Using this parallel with the chthonic and the celestial, I then amplify the myth of ‘Eagle Chain and Giant Clam’ as it was portrayed in two argillite totem poles, which I argue show the peripeteia and lysis of the myth.
netReg: network-regularized linear models for biological association studies
Authors: Dirmeier Simon , Fuchs Christiane , Mueller Nikola S , Theis Fabian J
Published: October 2017

Modelling biological associations or dependencies using linear regression is often complicated when the analyzed data-sets are high-dimensional and less observations than variables are available (n ≪ p). For genomic data-sets penalized regression methods have been applied settling this issue. Recently proposed regression models utilize prior knowledge on dependencies, e.g. in the form of graphs, arguing that this information will lead to more reliable estimates for regression coefficients. However, none of the proposed models for multivariate genomic response variables have been implemented as a computationally efficient, freely available library. In this paper we propose netReg, a package for graph-penalized regression models that use large networks and thousands of variables. netReg incorporates a priori generated biological graph information into linear models yielding sparse or smooth solutions for regression coefficients.

Availability and implementation

netReg is implemented as both R-package and C ++ commandline tool. The main computations are done in C ++, where we use Armadillo for fast matrix calculations and Dlib for optimization. The R package is freely available on Bioconductorhttps://bioconductor.org/packages/netReg. The command line tool can be installed using the conda channel Bioconda. Installation details, issue reports, development versions, documentation and tutorials for the R and C ++ versions and the R package vignette can be found on GitHub https://dirmeier.github.io/netReg/. The GitHub page also contains code for benchmarking and example datasets used in this paper.
Quantifying infective endocarditis risk in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions
Authors: Thornhill Martin H , Jones Simon , Prendergast Bernard , Baddour Larry M , Chambers John B , Lockhart Peter B , Dayer Mark J
Published: October 2017

Aims

There are scant comparative data quantifying the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and associated mortality in individuals with predisposing cardiac conditions.

Methods and results

English hospital admissions for conditions associated with increased IE risk were followed for 5 years to quantify subsequent IE admissions. The 5-year risk of IE or dying during an IE admission was calculated for each condition and compared with the entire English population as a control. Infective endocarditis incidence in the English population was 36.2/million/year. In comparison, patients with a previous history of IE had the highest risk of recurrence or dying during an IE admission [odds ratio (OR) 266 and 215, respectively]. These risks were also high in patients with prosthetic valves (OR 70 and 62) and previous valve repair (OR 77 and 60). Patients with congenital valve anomalies (currently considered ‘moderate risk’) had similar levels of risk (OR 66 and 57) and risks in other ‘moderate-risk’ conditions were not much lower. Congenital heart conditions (CHCs) repaired with prosthetic material (currently considered ‘high risk’ for 6 months following surgery) had lower risk than all ‘moderate-risk’ conditions—even in the first 6 months. Infective endocarditis risk was also significant in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.

Conclusion

These data confirm the high IE risk of patients with a history of previous IE, valve replacement, or repair. However, IE risk in some ‘moderate-risk’ patients was similar to that of several ‘high-risk’ conditions and higher than repaired CHC. Guidelines for the risk stratification of conditions predisposing to IE may require re-evaluation.
The influence of oceanographic conditions and larval behaviour on settlement success—the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)
Authors: Beraud Claire , van der Molen Johan , Armstrong Mike , Hunter Ewan , Fonseca Leila , Hyder Kieran
Published: October 2017

The European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a slow-growing late maturing fish. The northern stock has been declining since 2010 and is thought to be caused by a combination of fishing and weak year classes. Large inter-annual variation in settlement has been observed, so a better understanding of the mechanisms driving settlement success will aid interpretation of the variation between years, and help to improve the stock assessment models and management strategies. In this study, an individual-based model (IBM) was developed to investigate the factors affecting sea bass settlement on nursery grounds of the northern sea bass stock. The IBM was coupled with hydrodynamics to track particles, whereas egg and larval development, and vertical migration behaviour are fully incorporated. The IBM successfully predicted inter-annual differences in settlement regardless of larval behaviour. The highest settlement success was predicted with neutrally buoyant eggs, hatchlings, and larval stages, in combination with tidal migration at the final larval stage. Dispersal was driven mainly by the influence of wind on residual currents and water temperature, with warmer temperatures reducing the duration of the pelagic phase and stronger current increasing the potential to drift further. Eggs spawned in the central western English Channel settled in both England and France, with movement from the central to the eastern English Channel occurring only in warm years. Larval duration was driven by water temperature and showed an increase in duration from the southwest to northeast areas of the northern stock. The results are discussed in the context of sea bass management and conservation strategies.
Atypical chest pain
Authors: Mayou Richard
Published: October 2017

Chapter 15 discusses atypical (or non-cardiac) chest pain. The prevalence, aetiology, and history of treatment are outlined, a psychological model of atypical chest pain, maintaining factors, approaches to management, delivery of care, practical guidelines for and evaluation of psychological treatment, treatment of panic disorder and anxiety, and treatment of hypochondriasis.
Diagnosing and Explaining Mental Conditions
Authors: McGuire Michael , Troisi Alfonso
Published: October 2017

The chapter discusses medical and psychiatric models, diagnostic and explanatory practices, and presents an analysis of two explanatory systems (conditions known or highly likely to be causal agents, and possible evolutionary explanations of conditions) and asks if they can accommodate psychiatry’s prevailing causal models.
Information Recognition and Signaling
Authors: McGuire Michael , Troisi Alfonso
Published: October 2017

The chapter begins with a discussion of general features of information processing. It then turns to an analysis of recognition and self-deception. Signaling, deception, and recognition of deceivers are the subjects of the final section.
Evolutionary Models of Depression
Authors: McGuire Michael , Troisi Alfonso
Published: October 2017

This chapter begins with a brief discussion of three topics: models that include more than one variable (the 15% principle), conditions grouped by behavior systems, and sexual selection. These topics set the context for the review of models of depression that appears in the second half of the chapter.
Sharing One’s Story
Authors: Smyth Joshua M. , Pennebaker James W.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the use of translating emotional experiences into words as a coping tool. It outlines the basic paradigm and research findings, factors related to the efficacy of story sharing (writing versus talking, disclosure, duration, social factors, and individual differences), the clinical benefits of emotional writing, and the central questions of why writing or talking about emotional experiences influence health and coping.
Personality, Affectivity, and Coping
Authors: Watson David , David James P. , Suls Jerry
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses personality, affectivity, and coping, and argues that commonly studied coping strategies reflect broader and more basic dispositional tendencies within the individual, that two general dimensions of temperament-Neuroticism (or Negative Emotionality) and Extraversion (or Positive Emotionality)-are crucially important in influencing both the coping strategy that an individual chooses and the level of distress that he or she experiences.
Coping Intelligently
Authors: Salovey Peter , Bedell Brian T. , Detweiler Jerusha B. , Mayer John D.
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores emotional intelligence and the coping process. It argues that emotional intelligence influences responses to emotional arousal and, as a result, plays a significant role in the coping process. It will applies the concept of emotional intelligence to the coping process and describes how emotional intelligence can help us to understand coping strategies such as rumination, the elicitation of social support, and the disclosure of feelings.
Mastery-Oriented Thinking
Authors: Dweck Carol S. , Sorich Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

This chapter outlines master-oriented thinking. It first describes helpless and mastery-oriented thinking, and how they influence motivation and learning. Using studies of students, it considers the psychology behind helplessness and mastery-oriented thinking; and presents research on the kinds of experiences that create helpless and mastery-oriented thinking—exploring the sometimes surprising implications for motivational practices.
Coping with Catastrophes and Catastrophizing
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Moon Christina H.
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores coping with catastrophes and catastrophizing. It outlines the prevalence, risks, and consequences of severe trauma, along with theoretical approaches to catastrophizing, and an integrative model of the dimensions of catastrophizing, the interaction of catastrophes and catastrophizing, and strategies to prevent catastrophizing and catastrophic thinking.
Coping
Authors: Snyder C. R.
Published: October 2017

This final chapter presents an overview of the concept of coping, as well as the arguments and theories presented in this title. It goes on to suggest future research and developments into the subject of coping, and how the findings of this research can be used to benefit the general population.
Forgiving
Authors: McCullough Michael E.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses forgiveness and research into the concept of interpersonal forgiving in developmental, social, and clinical psychology. It outlines the nature of forgiveness; the relevance of forgiveness to health, well-being, and relationships; and the effectiveness of educational and clinical interventions for encouraging forgiveness.
Session 4: Managing Your Stress—Part II
Authors: Wells Karen C. , Lochman John E. , Lenhart Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 4 further discusses stress management, and focuses on managing stressful events and daily hassles, cognitive models of stress and mood management, and the use of worksheets to track thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that result in stress or negative emotions.
The English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Program
Authors: Clark David M.
Published: October 2017

Chapter 4 describes the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Program in the United Kingdom, a sweeping national effort to ensure availability of evidence-based treatments by providing intensive training and utilizing a stepped-care model consistent with best-practice recommendations for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
Towards an executive dysfunction account of repetitive behaviour in autism
Authors: Turner Michelle
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores an executive dysfunction account of repetitive behaviour in autism. It defines repetitive behaviour and the phenomenology of repetitive behaviour in autism, considers attempts to explain repetitive behaviours as the consequence of a cognitive deficit, and suggests ways in which repetitive behaviour may follow from impaired functioning of executive processes.
Validity tests of the executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism
Authors: Pennington Bruce F. , Rogers Sally J. , Bennetto Loisa , Griffith Elizabeth McMahon , Reed D. Taffy , Shyu Vivian
Published: October 2017

This chapter aims to examine the validity of the hypothesis that executive dysfunction is the primary psychological cause of autism. It reviews work that supports this hypothesis, defines executive functions and elaborates on the executive dysfunction hypothesis, presents four validity tests of this hypothesis, and considers metatheoretical issues that bear on the search for the primary psychological cause of this disorder.
Applications of structural equation modelling in clinical and health psychology research
Authors: Hoyle Rick H.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses applications of structural equation modelling (SEM, or causal modelling) in clinical and health psychology research. It outlines path diagrams, measurement models, structural models, the inclusion of latent variables, validity (factorial and construct), and measurement invariance. Structural hypotheses are also explored, along with caveats for the use of SEM.
Attentional biases in drug abuse and addiction
Authors: Field Matt
Published: October 2017

Drug abuse and addiction are associated with biases in selective attention for drug-associated stimuli. This chapter reviews this literature and discusses it within existing theoretical frameworks. Although the existence of attentional biases is well documented, a variety of different paradigms (that may tap different mechanisms) have been used, leaving the cognitive and attentional processes involved in attentional biases poorly understood and in need of clarification. Consistent with some theoretical predictions, the evidence suggests that attentional biases operate in early stages of attentional processing and thus they may be ‘automatic’. Attentional biases are closely associated with subjective drug craving, and recent research suggests that this relationship may be bidirectional in nature: elevated drug craving may make drug-related cues more salient, but pronounced attentional biases may promote further increases in craving. Theoretical predictions that attentional biases are ultimately caused by classical conditioning mechanisms, and the relationships between attentional biases and drug-use behaviours at different stages of addiction, are also discussed.
Pharmacological Treatments for Schizophrenia
Authors: Abbas Atheir I. , Lieberman Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2017

Schizophrenia, a chronic mental disorder, has a lifetime prevalence rate of approximately 1%. The first antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine, was introduced in 1954, followed by several similar drugs. With the introduction of clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, and more recently paliperidone, iloperidone, asenapine, and lurasidone, antipsychotic drugs are often classified as first generation or typical (chlorpromazine-like) versus second generation or atypical (clozapine-like), although the distinction between the two classes, particularly with respect to efficacy, is not as meaningful as initially believed. Both classes have been demonstrated to safely improve psychotic symptoms in the acute phase of the illness and to reduce the risk of relapse in the maintenance phase of treatment. Because of the limited efficacy of antipsychotics in resolving the full range of schizophrenic psychopathology, adjunctive treatments are often used to reduce morbidity. This chapter reviews controlled trials of the pharmacological agents used to treat schizophrenia.
Psychological Treatments for Panic Disorders, Phobias, and Social and Generalized Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Barlow David H. , Conklin Laren R. , Bentley Kate H.
Published: October 2017

A substantial number of strong studies have established the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment for persons with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. These treatments include some combination of cognitive elements, exposure to interoceptive sensations similar to physiological panic sensations, in vivo exposure, and breathing retraining. A number of excellent studies have established the clinical efficacy of situational in vivo exposure for patients with moderate to severe agoraphobia and specific phobia. The most common treatment approaches for social anxiety disorder include social skills training, relaxation techniques, exposure-based treatment methods, and multicomponent cognitive-behavioral treatments.
Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Dougherty Darin D. , Rauch Scott L. , Jenike Michael A.
Published: October 2017

There is overwhelming evidence of the most rigorous type supporting the efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Along with SRIs, behavior therapy must be considered a viable first-line therapy. The best available data suggest that behavior therapy, and perhaps cognitive therapy, is at least as effective as medication in some instances and may be superior with respect to risks, costs, and enduring benefits. A variety of second-line medication treatments for OCD have been studied in a controlled or systematic fashion. Augmentation of SRIs with antipsychotics, buspirone, or clonazepam is provisionally recommended based on the available data. Other monotherapies and augmentation strategies find very limited support at present.