bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of a Tris(benzene-o-dithiolato)- functionalized Ligand as a Siderophore Analog
Authors: Ruppel Susanne , Schulte to Brinke Christian , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: July 2013

As a siderophore analog, the tripodal tris(benzene-o-dithiol)-functionalized ligand H6-5, has been synthesized in four steps including the reaction of 1,3,5-(triaminomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene and 2,3-bis(isopropylmercapto)benzoyl chloride followed by removal of the S-protecting groups. Reaction of compound H6-5 with [Ti(OPr)4] in the presence of (NEt4)Cl leads to the formation of complex (NEt4)2[Ti(5)] featuring three bidentate benzene-o-dithiolato donors from one ligand coordinated to the metal center. An X-ray diffraction structure analysis with crystals of (NEt4)2[Ti(5)] DMF has shown that the coordination geometry at the metal center is best described as distorted trigonalprismatic with a twist angle of ϕav = 18:5°.
Isolation, Optical Properties and Core Structure of a Water-soluble, Phosphine-stabilized [Au9]3+ Cluster
Authors: Gutrath Benjamin S. , Merkens Carina , Schiefer Frank , Englert Ulli , Schmid Günter , Simon Ulrich
Published: July 2013

A water-soluble, crystalline Au9 cluster compound stabilized with sodium (m-sulfonatophenyl) diphenylphosphine (TPPMSNa) was obtained during the NaBH4 reduction of [Au(TPPMSNa)Cl] H2O in ethanol. Characterization by optical extinction spectroscopy, singlecrystal X-ray diffraction in combination with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction led to the preliminary formula Na(8-x)[Au9(TPPMS)8]Cl(3-x) nH2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 3, n ≈ 16) with the cluster core in crown conformation. 31P{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed one singlet at 57:3 ppm. This is the first example where gold clusters stabilized by TPPMSNa formed crystals which where suitable for core structure determination
First Incorporation of the Tetrahedral [Sn4]4- Cluster into a Discrete Solvate Na4[Sn4] (NH3)13 from Solutions of Na4Sn4 in Liquid Ammonia
Authors: Waibel Markus , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: July 2013

Treatment of solutions of Na4Sn4 in liquid ammonia with CuMes (Mes=mesityl) and 18-crown-6 afforded crystals of the composition Na4[Sn4] (NH3)13. The structure features anionic units {Na7[Sn4]2} and separate Na cations, both fully solvated by ammonia molecules
Improving an in vitro propagation protocol for Cestrum nocturnum L.
Authors: Rasheed Khetam A.
Published: July 2013

The present study was carried out to assess the micropropagation of Cestrum (Cestrum nocturnum L.) by using single nodes and shoot tips excised from soft cuttings using MS salts, 30 g × l-1 sucrose, 7 g × l-1 agar, and different concentrations of plant growth regulators in culture medium. The results revealed that the use of mercuric chloride (0.05%, HgCl2) for 7 minutes was very effective in preventing contamination and gave the highest survival percentage (99%). The highest response (100%) was gained at initiation stage from lateral bud explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg × l-1 of BA with most of NAA concentrations. However, in case of terminal buds, higher percentages of responses were resulted from the interaction of BA (1.5 mg × l-1) with 0.2 mg × l-1 NAA. The lateral buds also produced more new shoots as well as a higher number of leaves and length of new shoots on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg × l-1 BA as compared with those from terminal buds. Significant differences were observed at multiplication stage between the lateral buds and terminal buds, since the lateral buds produced a higher number of new shoots and leaves as well as longer new shoots. At rooting stage, the treatment with 1 mg × l-1 IBA gave the highest percentage of rooting (100%), the highest number of roots (13.2 root/explant), and the longest roots (8.44 cm), respectively, on half strength MS medium. Plantlets obtained were transferred to pots and acclimatized with 90% success.
Assessing the virulence of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the pine-infesting weevils to scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings
Authors: Jankowiak Robert
Published: July 2013

The pine-infesting weevils are known to be effective vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. To understand more about fungal virulence of these fungi, inoculation studies were conducted on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Two-year-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with one of eleven ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pine-infesting weevils. After 11 weeks, a darkened lesion, extending from the point of inoculation, was observed in all species, except for Ophiostoma cf. abietinum Marm. & Butin, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgev.) Nannf., and Sporothrix inflata de Hoog. Seedling mortality was observed in seedlings inoculated with Leptographium truncatum (M.J. Wingf. & Marasas) M.J. Wingf., Leptographium lundbergii Lagerb. & Melin, Leptographium procerum (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., Grosmannia radiaticola (J.J. Kim, Seifert & G.H. Kim) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf., Ophiostoma floccosum Math.-Käärik, Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., and Ophiostoma piliferum (Fr.) Syd. & P. Syd. Ophiostoma minus and L. truncatum caused the largest lesions and sapwood blue-stain in Scots pine. Grosmannia radiaticola, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., O. floccosum, O. piliferum, L. lundbergii,and L. procerum produced significantly smaller lesions and sapwood blue-stain than O. minus and L. truncatum, while O. cf. abietinum, O. quercus and S. inflata did not cause any lesions.
Effect of growth regulator Kelpak SL on the formation of aboveground biomass of Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus
Authors: Sosnowski Jacek , Jankowski Kazimierz , Wiśniewska-Kadźajan Beata
Published: July 2013

A study on the cultivation of Festulolium braunii cv. 'Felopa' was carried out using polyurethane rings with a diameter of 36 cm and a height of 40 cm, which were sunk into the ground to a depth of 30 cm and filled with soil material. In this experiment, Kelpak SL was used as a bioregulator. It consists of natural plant hormones such as auxins (11 mg in dm3) and cytokinins (0.03 mg in dm3). The experimental factors were as follows: A1-control; A2 – 20% solution of the growth regulator; A3 – 40% solution; and A4 – 60% solution. The preparation was applied to all three regrowths in the form of spray, at a rate of 3 cm3 ring-1, at the stem elongation stage. The full period of this experiment was in the years 2010–2011. During this time, detailed investigations were carried out on aboveground biomass yield (g DM ring-1), number of shoots (pcs ring-1), leaf blade length (cm), width of the leaf blade base (mm), leaf greenness index (SPAD). The study showed a significant effect of the growth regulator on the formation of Festulolium braunii biomass. However, its highest effectiveness was observed when the 60% solution was applied.
Avaliação de genótipos de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) por meio da caracterização morfológica de frutos, produtividade de sementes e teor de bixina
Authors: Mantovani Nilton César , Grando Magali Ferrari , Xavier Aloisio , Otoni Wagner Campos
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989281Bixa orellana L. (urucum) é considerada uma fonte importante de corantes naturais para as indústrias alimentícia, farmacêutica e têxtil, sendo o Brasil um dos maiores produtores e exportadores do corante extraído das sementes desta planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização morfológica de frutos, a avaliação da produtividade de sementes e do teor do carotenoide bixina presente nas sementes recém-colhidas e armazenadas por períodos de 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias, realizada em 10 genótipos de urucum, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a seleção de genótipos superiores para estas características. Houve variação em todas as características avaliadas entre os 10 genótipos. Os frutos, de todos os genótipos, são recobertos por cerdas ou pêlos, apresentam coloração avermelhada, verde, amarela ou vermelha e duas formas básicas, oval ou lanceolada. Os frutos apresentaram comprimentos médios que variaram entre 3,1 a 4,8 cm e larguras entre 2,4 a 3,1 cm. O número médio de sementes por fruto variou de 41,5 a 50,6. A massa de 100 sementes variou de 1,1 a 2,24 g. Houve significativa diferença na concentração de bixina entre os genótipos, sendo possível identificar genótipos com altos níveis deste carotenoide (5,05 %), superior aos já relatados por outros estudos. O teor de bixina decresceu com o aumento no período de armazenamento das sementes.
Avaliação de um método de análise silvigênica em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual
Authors: Botrel Rejane Tavares , Yamamoto Kikyo , Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989284Visando contribuir para a interpretação biológica de mosaicos silvigênicos obtidos pelo método de interceptação de linhas para inventariar árvores de dossel, este foi aplicado numa área de 5,12 ha de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na Estação Ecológica de Caetetus (Gália, São Paulo). Análises estatísticas (Qui-quadrado e resíduos ajustados) foram aplicadas para verificar se categorias de ecounidades estão associadas à composição florística e/ou aos grupos sucessionais de espécies. O predomínio de ecounidades em equilíbrio 2A (composta por árvores do presente) combinado à baixa frequência de ecounidades em reorganização (clareiras) ou em desenvolvimento indicou que a floresta estudada se encontra em fase madura e é pouco perturbada. Foram encontradas algumas associações coerentes entre espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais com ecounidades formadas por árvores que possuem arquiteturas que permitem maior entrada de luz. Considerando os parâmetros ecofisiológicos usados para distinguir grupos sucessionais de espécies, muitas associações incoerentes foram encontradas entre espécies secundárias tardias e categorias de ecounidades que, presumidamente, representam fases iniciais da silvigênese. Esse tipo de resultado sugere que o método de análise silvigênico estudado não é adequado para descrever as fases de regeneração da floresta.
Análisis morfológico y genético de Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Polygonaceae): un árbol nativo de Ecuador
Authors: Nieto-Rodríguez José Enrique , Hernández-Delgado Sanjuana , Mayek-Pérez Netzahualcoyotl
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989286En éste trabajo, seis poblaciones nativas (55 árboles) de Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Fernán Sánchez), una de las principales species forestales de Ecuador, se sometieron al análisis morfológico y genético con AFLPs (polimorfismos en la longitud de los fragmentos amplificados). Las poblaciones se colectaron a través de dos macro-sitios (Litoral Central: Quevedo, Ventanas, la Guayas; Estribaciones de los Andes: la Maná, Patricia Pilar, Pichincha). Las poblaciones exhibieron las siguientes características: fuste recto (66 %); forma de la copa irregular y redonda (50 %); ángulo de inserción de las ramas de 0° a 30° (86 %). Cuatro características cualitativas (forma del fuste, tipo de terminación de hojas, ancho de hojas y pubescencia de las hojas) y cuatro cuantitativas (altura comercial del árbol, área basal, volumen comercial y volumen total) fueron las más explicativas de acuerdo con el análisis de componentes principales (ACP). El ACP separó las poblaciones en dos grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones del Litoral Central, con características morfológicas alta y positivamente correlacionadas con la producción de madera y, el otro, con poblaciones con crecimiento de árboles menor provenientes de las estribaciones de los Andes. Las poblaciones del Litoral Central mostraron los mayores valores de diversidad genetic y los marcadores AFLP separaron dichas poblaciones con base en el macrositio de origen. Para un valor K = 2 el análisis Bayesiano separó las poblaciones de FS en dos grupos: dos poblaciones de la región Litoral Central y las otras cuatro de la región de las estribaciones de los Andes (3) y una del Litoral Central (La Guayas). Para valores K mayores fue evidente la fragmentación genética de las poblaciones de acuerdo con el origen pues para K = 5 se formaron cuatro grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones de Quevedo y Ventanas y otro de La Guayas (Litoral), un tercer grupo incluyó árboles de La Mana y Pichincha y un cuarto grupo, de Patricia Pilar (estribaciones de los Andes). Los resultados sugieren la constante y efectiva recombinación genética o flujo genetic entre y dentro de poblaciones de Fernán Sánchez con una tendencia clara hacia la diferenciación genética.
Crescimento em diâmetro de árvores de Podocarpus lambertii em duas regiões fitogeográficas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Milani Erni José , Schneider Paulo Renato , Cunha Thiago Augusto da
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989288O presente estudo avaliou o crescimento diamétrico em função da idade de árvores de Podocarpus lambertii oriundas de duas regiões fitogeográficas do Rio Grande do Sul, denominadas de Campos de Cima da Serra e Depressão Central. Os dados de crescimento foram obtidos a partir de análise de tronco e descritos pelo modelo assintótico logístico. A assíntota e a taxa de crescimento das árvores foram aleatorizadas por meio de um modelo não linear misto com o propósito de avaliar diferenças no comportamento de ambas variáveis entre as regiões. O modelo de crescimento explicou 85 % da variação na trajetória de crescimento das árvores e os componentes de variância foram significativos e precisos, tendo revelado maior taxa de crescimento em diâmetro para árvores que crescem na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra.
Efeito do desbaste no comprimento das fibras da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden
Authors: Trevisan Rômulo , Souza Joel Telles de , Denardi Luciano , Haselein Clovis Roberto , Santini Elio José
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989290Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do desbaste no comprimento das fibras da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis aos 18 anos de idade. Para tanto, foi analisado um experimento situado próximo ao litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, instalado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos devido ao número de desbastes aplicados e variaram de zero até seis intervenções. As árvores foram selecionadas, em cada tratamento, com base no diâmetro dominante de Assmann e no diâmetro da árvore central, sendo denominadas de árvores dominantes e centrais, respectivamente. Após o abate, no disco correspondente à região do DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) foram marcadas e seccionadas baguetas centrais de onde se confeccionaram fragmentos selecionados em intervalos regulares, no sentido medula-casca, para maceração. Os resultados indicaram que o desbaste influenciou o comprimento das fibras das árvores dominantes e centrais, porém, não foi verificada uma tendência sistemática de acréscimo ou decréscimo dessa estrutura em função do espaço vital utilizado. Independentemente do estrato dominante ou médio, o comprimento das fibras apresentou um padrão de variação crescente no sentido medula-casca em todas as intensidades de desbaste analisadas e os menores valores foram observados próximos à medula.
Características da cor da madeira de pinus afetada por compressão térmica
Authors: Atik Celil , Candan Zeki , Unsal Oner
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989291O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os efeitos das modificações térmicas e prensagem a quente sobre as características de cor de madeira de pinus como bio-recursos. As tábuas de madeira com dimensões de 250 mm de largura por 500 mm de comprimento por 18 mm de espessura foram comprimidas termicamente a uma temperatura de 120 ºC ou 150 ºC, a pressão de 5 ou 7 MPa durante 60 min em uma prensa quente. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que as características de cor das amostras de madeira de pinus foram afetadas pela pressão e temperatura da prensa. A exsudação da resina aumentou significativamente as coordenadas cromáticas (a * - b * e 25,99 – 43,18) das amostras de madeira tratada. Compressão térmica causa escurecimento na cor da madeira, o que aumenta em condições de pressão e alta temperatura.
Anatomia da madeira de Phyllanthus sellowianus Müll. Arg. (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: Denardi Luciano , Trevisan Rômulo , Perrando Edison Rogério , Sutili Fabrício Jacques , Baldin Talita , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989294O presente estudo teve por objetivos descrever anatomicamente o lenho de Phyllanthus sellowianus Müll. Arg. (Phyllanthaceae), bem como investigar caracteres anatômicos associados à flexibilidade de seus caules, característica desejável para obras de bioengenharia em taludes fluviais. Pertencente ao grupo das reófilas, e com até 3 metros de altura, a espécie ocorre naturalmente no sul do Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina. As exsicatas e as amostras de madeira, provenientes de um exemplar localizado no município de Santa Maria-RS (Brasil), foram acondicionadas no Herbário e Xiloteca da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sob os números HDCF 5587 e 5588. Para a confecção das lâminas histológicas de madeira, seguiu-se a técnica padrão. Para a maceração, utilizou-se o método de Jeffrey. A descrição anatômica da madeira seguiu as recomendações do IAWA Committee (1989). A análise microscópica do lenho revelou a presença de poros com pequeno diâmetro (< 60 μm), dispostos em múltiplos radiais de 2 – 4 unidades, e de placas de perfuração simples, oblíquas; parênquima axial ausente, raios heterogêneos, com 1 – 3 células de largura, e fibras gelatinosas. A ausência de parênquima axial e de tubos laticíferos é compatível com o grupo das Phyllanthaceae. A presença de células perfuradas de raio constitui-se, possivelmente, no principal elemento anatômico para a diferenciação de P. sellowianus em relação às demais espécies do gênero. A presença abundante de fibras gelatinosas é seguramente uma das principais características anatômicas relacionadas à elevada flexibilidade de seu caule.
Escala diagramática para quantificação da severidade de manchas em folhas de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. causadas por Teratosphaeria nubilosa (Cooke) Crous & U. Braun
Authors: Passador Martha Maria , Porcena Alex Sander , Masson Marcus Vinícius , Pieri Cristiane de , Finkenauer Elder , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989296A mancha foliar (mancha de micosferela) causada por Teratosphaeria nubilosa tem acarretado prejuízos em plantios de eucalipto na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. A necessidade de avaliar a doença no campo e os danos causados pela mesma, bem como a busca de formas eficientes de controle e a utilização de germoplasma, leva à necessidade em ter uma escala visual para quantificação da severidade da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma escala diagramática com folhas jovens e com folhas adultas de Eucalyptus globulus, para avaliação de mancha de micosferela. Para tal, as folhas coletadas em campo foram escaneadas para digitalização da imagem. Determinou-se a área lesionada, área foliar sadia e área total em escala RGB (Red, Green, Blue). Posteriormente, determinaram-se os níveis de severidade em função da distribuição da amostra, sendo sete níveis para folhas jovens e seis para folhas adultas. Para o teste de acuidade visual e validação da escala, as folhas foram submetidas à avaliação da severidade, com e sem escala. Com a adoção das escalas propostas, a totalidade dos avaliadores apresentou boa acurácia, tanto para folhas jovens como para adultas com R2=0,98 e R2=0,80, respectivamente. A importância da elaboração de escalas diagramáticas para quantificar a severidade de mancha em eucalipto deve-se ao fato de permitir a quantificação dos sintomas de forma acurada e precisa.
Contradições portenhas: modernidade, modernismo e modernização em Jorge Luis Borges durante os anos de 1920
Authors: Demenech Pedro
Published: July 2013

Este artigo visa discutir os conceitos de modernidade, modernismo e modernização a partir das proposições levantadas por Marshal Berman e Néstor García Canclini. O foco da análise será a cidade de Buenos Aires que durante os anos de 1920 experimentou uma acirrada transformação em seu espaço físico. Para tal, iremos utilizar a obra do poeta argentino Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) a fim de compreender o desenvolvimento desses processos no espaço urbano portenho.
Produção do Espaço Geográfico e Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cotinguiba/SE
Authors: Santos Wesley Alves
Published: July 2013

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a Produção do Espaço e o Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do rio Cotinguiba, tomando por base a análise da cobertura vegetal, uso do solo e ocupação da terra com representação cartográfica integrada numa carta-síntese, bem como da dinâmica populacional e de ocupação atual da área associada aos aspectos fundiários, urbano-industrial e produtivo.
Genome‐Wide Annotation and Quantitation of Translation by Ribosome Profiling
Authors: Ingolia Nicholas T. , Brar Gloria A. , Rouskin Silvia , McGeachy Anna M. , Weissman Jonathan S.
Published: July 2013

Protein translation represents a key regulated step in gene expression. Here, we present procedures for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of translation in vivo. This approach, termed ribosome profiling, makes it possible to directly measure the rate of protein synthesis and to reveal the full range of proteins translated by the cell, including unexpected micropeptides and alternative protein isoforms. Ribosome profiling relies on nuclease footprinting of ribosomes onto mRNAs followed by the analysis of these ribosome‐protected fragments by deep sequencing. The protocol presented here encompasses technical optimizations to capture ribosomes at their positions in vivo, perform high‐resolution nuclease footprinting, and prepare deep‐sequencing libraries from these footprints. The alignment of ribosome footprint sequences is discussed as well. The presence of aligned ribosome footprints indicates ribosome occupancy and thus translation, and the density of these footprints reports on the rate of translation. The unit also discusses the use of the translation inhibitor harringtonine to immobilize initiating ribosomes specifically and thereby map sites of translation initiation. Experimental manipulations for ribosome profiling take roughly 5 to 7 days, and sequencing and analysis require an additional 4 to 5 days. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome‐Scale Mapping of DNase I Hypersensitivity
Authors: John Sam , Sabo Peter J. , Canfield Theresa K. , Lee Kristen , Vong Shinny , Weaver Molly , Wang Hao , Vierstra Jeff , Reynolds Alex P. , Thurman Robert E. , Stamatoyannopoulos John A.
Published: July 2013

DNase I‐seq is a global and high‐resolution method that uses the nonspecific endonuclease DNase I to map chromatin accessibility. These accessible regions, designated as DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), define the regulatory features, (e.g., promoters, enhancers, insulators, and locus control regions) of complex genomes. In this unit, methods are described for nuclei isolation, digestion of nuclei with limiting concentrations of DNase I, and the biochemical fractionation of DNase I hypersensitive sites in preparation for high‐throughput sequencing. DNase I‐seq is an unbiased and robust method that is not predicated on an a priori understanding of regulatory patterns or chromatin features. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 103:21.27.1–21.27.20. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Policy of “Pumping the Recharge” Is Out of Control
Authors: Balleau W. Peter
Published: July 2013

Hydrogeologists have spent several scientific generations in understanding the source of water to well fields and the effects of wells on the interrelated surface water system. The benchmark is by Theis [1940], who emphasized that some groundwater is initially mined during aquifer development and, after sufficient time, well discharge will be made up by diminution of both rejected recharge and natural discharge. Rejected recharge is water that would reside in the aquifer, except for a lack of space available. Theis advised that a perennial safe yield is equivalent to the amount of rejected recharge and natural discharge that is “feasible to utilize.” His term “feasible” may have anticipated many current issues about aquifer sustainability. Papers published this year on the Ogallala aquifer in the central United States and on the global groundwater “footprint” [Scanlon et al., 2012; Gleeson et al., 2012] focus on recharge as an index of sustainability and have been featured in the popular press. However, I argue in this Forum that natural recharge rates alone cannot serve to address the core policy question regarding sustainable aquifer conditions in response to well field stresses. For the sake of users of hydrologic guidance, advisors on this topic may wish to reconsider the safe nature of “pumping the recharge.”
Avoiding The Inevitable? Capacity Loss From Reservoir Sedimentation
Authors: Randle Timothy J. , Collins Kent L. , Gray John R.
Published: July 2013

The inexorable loss of capacity of the nation's reservoirs—sooner or later threatening water supplies for municipal, agricultural, and industrial uses—is but one of a number of deleterious effects wrought by sediment deposition. Trapped sediments can also damage or bury dam outlets, water intakes, and related infrastructure. Downstream effects of sediment capture and retention by reservoirs can include channel and habitat degradation and biotic alterations.
Anny Cazenave Receives 2012 William Bowie Medal: Response
Authors: Cazenave Anny
Published: July 2013

It is a great pleasure, a privilege, and an immense honor to receive the AGU Bowie Medal. When I look at the list of previous recipients, with so many prestigious well‐known names, I can hardly realize that I have also been awarded this prestigious medal. I feel very humble, following on from these highly distinguished scientists. Thanks very much, Dick, for your kind citation and thanks to the colleagues who have supported my nomination.
Bowen, Dufek, and Shelly Receive 2012 James B. Macelwane Medals: Response
Authors: Bowen Gabriel J.
Published: July 2013

Thank you, Jim, and thank you to AGU for this recognition and encouragement. In reality, this award recognizes many who have shared their knowledge, guidance, and example throughout the years.
Bowen, Dufek, and Shelly Receive 2012 James B. Macelwane Medals: Citation
Authors: Ghiorso Mark
Published: July 2013

Joe Dufek is an extraordinary young scientist whose research is characterized by deep intellectual content and rigor. He has contributed significantly to our understanding of the dynamics and petrology of magmatic systems, and to physical volcanology, tectonophysics, and planetary volcanism. Even at such an early stage in his career, Joe's contributions have transformed our understanding of magma chamber dynamics and the physics of volcanic eruption.
Mike Fuller Receives 2012 John Adam Fleming Medal: Citation
Authors: Banerjee Subir K. , Harrison Chris
Published: July 2013

Mike Fuller was awarded the 2012 John Adam Fleming Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “original research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, space physics, and related sciences”.
Ellen Thomas Receives 2012 Maurice Ewing Medal: Citation
Authors: Bralower Timothy J.
Published: July 2013

Ellen Thomas was awarded the 2012 Maurice Ewing Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “significant original contributions to the scientific understanding of the processes in the ocean; for the advancement of oceanographic engineering, technology, and instrumentation; and for outstanding service to the marine sciences”.
Ellen Thomas Receives 2012 Maurice Ewing Medal: Response
Authors: Thomas Ellen
Published: July 2013

I feel deeply honored to receive the Maurice Ewing Medal, especially because that means seeing my name on a list of medalists including some of my heroes in science. They not only influenced my scientific thinking, especially as to the complexities of the Earth's carbon cycle, but also helped me in my serendipitous career.
Keith Beven Receives 2012 Robert E. Horton Medal: Citation
Authors: McDonnell Jeff
Published: July 2013

Keith Beven was awarded the 2012 Robert E. Horton Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding contributions to hydrology”.
Maria T. Zuber Receives 2012 Harry H. Hess Medal: Citation
Authors: Solomon Sean C.
Published: July 2013

Maria T. Zuber was awarded the 2012 Harry H. Hess Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding achievements in research on the constitution and evolution of Earth and other planets.”
Steven C. Wofsy Receives 2012 Roger Revelle Medal: Response
Authors: Wofsy Steven C.
Published: July 2013

Modern views of the Earth's climate, oceans and atmosphere, and appreciation of human impacts on these systems, are relatively new. Less than a decade before I started my professional career, a small nucleus of pioneering scientists, including many previous recipients of the Revelle Medal, began to discern unexpected changes in atmospheric composition and to assess the implications for the global environment. They initially did not imagine that global environmental changes would be observed in their lifetimes: The Earth system was thought to be too massive compared with human endeavors.
David E. Smith Receives 2012 Charles A. Whitten Medal: Response
Authors: Smith David E.
Published: July 2013

Thank you, friends and colleagues, for nominating me for this honor. It is humbling to look at the list of previous recipients of the Whitten Medal, many of whom I have known well, and realize the array of contributions they have made to this field.
Central European summer temperature variability to increase
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

More extreme heat waves have been observed in central Europe in recent years as summer temperature variability has increased on both daily and interannual timescales. Models project that as the climate warms throughout the 21st century, this increased variability will continue.
Detailed Data Available for Recent Costa Rica Earthquake
Authors: Dixon Timothy H. , Schwartz Susan , Protti Marino , González Víctor , Newman Andrew , Marshall Jeff , Spotila Jim
Published: July 2013

On 5 September 2012 a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurred beneath the Nicoya Peninsula of northwestern Costa Rica, rupturing the subduction zone between the Cocos and Caribbean plates. In most subduction zones the locus of seismic slip lies far offshore, making it difficult to infer interface seismogenic processes from on‐shore observations. In contrast, the Nicoya Peninsula lies close to the trench (within 70 kilometers), allowing observations directly over the earthquake rupture zone.
Canada's Cabled Ocean Networks Humming Along
Authors: Moran Kate
Published: July 2013

Canada recently reconfirmed commitment to supporting cabled ocean observations by awarding Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) 5 years of operations and maintenance funding. ONC supports the Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea (VENUS) and Northeast Pacific Timeseries Underwater Networked Experiments (NEPTUNE Canada), both located offshore Canada's west coast (Figure 1). Results from both efforts demonstrate the wealth of information that can be gained through continuous in situ monitoring of the sea.
Regional shifts in snowfall, melt in the intermountain west
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The freshwater supplies of the American West rely, for the most part, on snow. The Colorado River, the Rio Grande, and other rivers in the intermountain west—bounded by the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains to the west and the Rockies to the east—are the main sources of water for one of the driest parts of the continent, and their flows are predominantly fed by the springtime melt of snow accumulated over the winter. With winter mean temperatures rising in some places by as much as 2.5°C in the past 2 decades, some scientists are concerned that the current hydrological regime of the region could be overthrown, with snow giving way to rain as the dominant form of precipitation. Decreasing snow accumulation and earlier snowmelt onset have been observed in Colorado. Whether these trends extend to the larger intermountain west region, however, is unknown.
Global tropical cyclone activity to decrease with climate change
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

Given its strong dependence on sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions, tropical cyclone activity is expected to be strongly affected by climate change. With observational records suggesting that tropical North Atlantic hurricane activity has increased in recent decades, some scientists have suggested that global tropical cyclone activity will increase as the planet warms. Using an ensemble atmosphere general circulation model, however, Sugi and Yoshimura found that global tropical cyclone activity has undergone a long‐term decline from 1872 to the present—a trend they found should continue throughout the coming century. They found that the rate of global tropical cyclone activity decreased by 12.4 hurricanes per century—8.7 fewer hurricanes per century in the Northern Hemisphere and 3.7 fewer in the Southern Hemisphere.
High‐frequency flux transfer events detected near Mercury
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The physical process that creates connections between the magnetic fields emanating from the Sun and a planet—a process known as magnetic reconnection—creates a portal through which solar plasma can penetrate the planetary magnetic field. The opening of these portals, known as flux transfer events (FTEs), takes place roughly every 8 minutes at Earth and spawns a rope of streaming plasma that is typically about half of the radius of the Earth. As early as 1985, scientists analyzing the Mariner 10 observations, collected during their 1974–1975 flybys, have known that FTEs also occur at Mercury. However, using the measurements returned from the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft now orbiting Mercury, Slavin et al. found that Mercurial flux transfer events are proportionally much larger, stronger, and more frequent than those at Earth.
Near‐total surface melt detected on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

On 12 July 2012, 98.6% of the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, an event so expansive that a similar episode had not previously been seen in the satellite era. Ice core records indicate that the most recent melting event of this scale was 123 years ago. The one before that occurred another 7 centuries prior, during the Medieval Warm Period. Just 2 weeks following the near‐total melt of the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet, after the surface ice had refrozen to seasonal levels, a second episode pushed the melt area back up to 79.2%. Compiling measurements from three different satellite systems and from in‐the‐field observations, Nghiem et al. describe the extent of the melt. The authors suggest that warm air ridges stagnating over Greenland, coincident with the melt episodes, may have underlain the extensive melting.
Global risks survey
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

The top five risks facing the globe over the next decade, in order of the likelihood of their occurring, are severe income disparity, chronic fiscal imbalance, rising greenhouse gas emissions, water supply crises, and the mismanagement of population aging. That is according to a survey of more than 1000 experts from industry, government, academia, and civil society, presented in the World Economic Forum's Global Risks 2013 report that was issued on 8 January.
New extrasolar planet candidates detected
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

NASA's Kepler mission to search for habitable planets outside of our solar system has discovered hundreds of additional extrasolar planet candidates, and it could be that Earth‐sized planets are fairly common in the Milky Way galaxy. Those are some of the headlines from a 7 January briefing at the American Astronomical Society's meeting in Long Beach, Calif.
Jeffrey T. Kiehl Receives 2012 Climate Communication Prize: Citation
Authors: Hurrell James W.
Published: July 2013

Jeffrey T. Kiehl was awarded the 2012 Climate Communication Prize at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The Climate Communication Prize is funded by Nature's Own, a purveyor of fossils, minerals, and handcrafted jewelry based in Boulder, Colo. The prize honors an “AGU member‐scientist for the communication of climate science, and highlights the importance of promoting scientific literacy, clarity of message, and efforts to foster respected and understanding of science‐based values as they relate to the implications of climate change.”
Robert Cooper Liebermann Receives 2012 Edward A. Flinn III Award: Citation
Authors: Bass Jay , Duffy Thomas
Published: July 2013

Robert Cooper Liebermann received the 2012 Edward A. Flinn III Award at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The award honors “individuals who personify the Union's motto ‘unselfish cooperation in research’ through their facilitating, coordinating, and implementing activities.”
Zuyin Pu Receives 2012 International Award: Response
Authors: Pu Zuyin
Published: July 2013

Many thanks to AGU, Margaret Kivelson, and my peers in space physics for selecting and nominating me as the AGU 2012 International Awardee. This award is given “for making an outstanding contribution to furthering the Earth and space sciences and using science for the benefit of society in less favored nations.” I feel highly honored to be granted this great International Award.
Michelle Kathleen Hall Receives the 2012 Excellence in Geophysical Education Award: Response
Authors: Hall Michelle Kathleen
Published: July 2013

I am very grateful to AGU for this honor and for the many wonderful colleagues and students I have been blessed to work with other the years. Without them, this award would not have been possible.
Stephen Hall Receives 2012 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–Features: Response
Authors: Hall Stephen
Published: July 2013

The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake was, and continues to be, a tragedy of enormous proportions. It was obviously a tragedy for the 309 people who perished in the event and for their loved ones, along with the many thousands rendered homeless by the event. It continues to be a civic tragedy for this medieval jewel of a city in the heart of the Abruzzo, which is still crippled nearly four years after the event. And it has been a tragic episode for the scientific community, which has seen seven Italian colleagues convicted of manslaughter and facing serious jail time if their appeals are unsuccessful.
Steven Mufson, Brian Vastag, and The Washington Post Graphics Staff Receive 2012 David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–News: Response
Authors: Mufson Steven , Vastag Brian , Graphics Staff Washington Post
Published: July 2013

When the Washington Post's fifth floor newsroom began to sway one slow afternoon last August, my colleague Joel Achenbach barked, “That's an earthquake.” It was good to put a name on this strange movement; I had never felt anything like it. The building swayed, then shook. One reporter ducked under his desk and I started to do the same. Before I could scoot my rear end to safety though, the shaking stopped and the building settled. The great East Coast quake was over.
Thriving Earth Exchange Introduced to Members at 2012 Fall Meeting
Authors: Williams Billy , Furukawa Harry
Published: July 2013

AGU's Thriving Earth Exchange made its debut in prototype format at the 2012 annual Fall Meeting. This AGU Grand Challenge initiative, originally conceived as a goal for AGU's 2019 centennial, is currently in the development stage as a platform to bring together stakeholders from around the world who are seeking help on specific issues, sponsors willing to invest in solutions, and problem solvers from our membership willing to share their time, skills, and knowledge to address these needs.
Sessions Focus on Diversity
Authors: Adamec Bethany Holm
Published: July 2013

Education and outreach play a significant role in AGU's mission; one of our major strategic goals is developing and nurturing the next generation of Earth and space scientists. Particular emphasis is placed on exploring ways to strengthen the numbers and diversity of the Earth and space science workforce and helping to strengthen Earth and space science departments and undergraduate teaching at the college and university levels.
Coordinating Observational Campaigns to Study the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Morris Gary A. , Gettelman Andrew , Hasebe Fumio
Published: July 2013

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is the dominant region for entry of tropospheric air into the global stratosphere. Despite significant theoretical advances and a rapidly growing archive of satellite data, important science questions related to the control of humidity and the chemical composition of air entering the stratosphere remain unanswered. Many processes are involved, including large‐scale ascent, atmospheric waves, and cloud microphysics. Further progress requires better analysis of current and past observations as well as new observational campaigns in which in situ observations on both balloons and aircraft platforms are coordinated with satellite observations.
Fields and Streams: Stream Restoration, Neoliberalism, and the Future of Environmental Science
Authors: Doyle Martin
Published: July 2013

In 2012, Robert Allen (R. A.) Dickey won the Cy Young award, the highest honor for a pitcher in Major League Baseball. Dickey was the first to win the award by throwing knuckleballs, an enormously difficult to master, quixotic pitch thrown without spin that moves through the air in ways normal pitches don't. When done well, a knuckleball shows the nuanced skill of an unusual pitcher and systemic weakness in hundreds of big‐league hitters, who rarely face such a pitch.
Variability of transparent organic particles in Arctic floodplain lakes
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The Mackenzie River in the North American Arctic courses into the Beaufort Sea, the outlet of a watershed that drains a vast swath of the western Canadian landscape. At the river's mouth the Mackenzie Delta is a broad floodplain peppered with roughly 45,000 lakes carved into the permafrost. Depending on their connectivity to the river, these floodplain lakes have different mixtures of organic compounds, and such differences affect carbon cycling and sediment processes in the lakes.
Tropical cyclone waves detected with infrasound sensor array
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The strong winds of a tropical cyclone whip up the sea surface, driving ocean waves a dozen meters high. When one such ocean wave runs into another wave that has an equal period but is traveling in the opposite direction, the interaction produces low‐frequency sound waves that can be detected thousands of kilometers away. The infrasound signals produced by interacting ocean surface waves—known as microbarom—have typical frequencies around 0.2 hertz. Researchers previously determined that as a hurricane travels along its track, early waves generated by the storm will interact with those generated later on, producing a strong microbarom signal in the storm's wake. Researchers also found, however, that microbarom signals are produced by regular surface ocean behavior, including swell, surface waves, and nontropical cyclone storms.
U.S. cities less susceptible to water scarcity than previously thought
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The past few years have seen powerful droughts across the United States, with water shortages threatening crop production, shipping traffic, energy production, and groundwater stores. Water scarcity issues are particularly relevant for those living in cities, a demographic that now includes roughly four out of five Americans. Previous research has tallied average daily water needs, estimated at 600 liters per person per day, and the availability of natural renewable water resources. The results suggest that up to 47% of the U.S. population is vulnerable to water scarcity issues. In many cases, urban water managers cope with natural variability through the use of infrastructure designed to pump, import, or store freshwater. Nationwide water resource assessments, however, overlook such infrastructure‐based approaches to water management, instead assessing only water derived from local streamflow, runoff, or groundwater storage.
Assessing the Great Whirl, despite all the pirates
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

Each year, the powerful southwest monsoon ramps up in midsummer, bringing life‐giving rains to the Indian subcontinent. The monsoon winds also drive dramatic changes in the regional ocean currents, including a reversal in the circulation of the Arabian Sea, an energetic eddy field, and strong coastal upwelling. Off the east coast of Somalia, a large (300‐ to 550‐kilometer wide) anticyclone appears—known since 1876 as the Great Whirl—with surface currents as strong as 2.5 meters per second. The Great Whirl, while associated with the seasonal arrival of the southwest monsoon, is not caused entirely by it; the circulation of the Great Whirl starts a month before and persists for a month after the monsoon.
Growing Understanding of Subduction Dynamics Indicates Need to Rethink Seismic Hazards
Authors: Morra Gabriele , Geller Robert J. , Grilli Stephan T. , Karato Shun‐ichiro , King Scott , Lee Sang‐Mook , Tackley Paul , Yuen David
Published: July 2013

Tsunamigenic megathrust earthquakes, like the 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman and 2011 Tohoku events, are the most dramatic consequences of subduction dynamics. The classical view is that megathrusts release elastic energy due to the rupture of a fault with a width of tens of kilometers in the down‐dip direction and a length of hundreds to a thousand kilometers along the trench. However, recent research, particularly work on the Tohoku event, has suggested that the generation of huge tsunamis may require the release of gravitational energy as well as elastic energy [George et al., 2011]. Our growing understanding of the role of gravitational energy in generating tsunamis following megathrust earthquakes points to the need to reevaluate earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments.
Characterizing noise in the global nuclear weapon monitoring system
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

Under the auspices of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty Organization, a worldwide monitoring system designed to detect the illegal testing of nuclear weaponry has been under construction since 1999. The International Monitoring System is composed of a range of sensors, including detectors for hydroacoustic and seismic signals, and when completed, will include 60 infrasound measurement arrays set to detect low‐frequency sound waves produced by an atmospheric nuclear detonation.