bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Strategy for Prostatic Abscess
Authors: Oshinomi Kazuhiko , Matsui Yuki , Unoki Tsutomu , Shimoyama Hideaki , Nakasato Takehiko , Morita Jun , Maeda Yoshiko , Naoe Michio , Fuji Kohzou , Ogawa Yoshio
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

Prostatic abscesses are rare. The incidence of prostatic abscess has declined markedly with the widespread use of antibiotics. Obtaining improvement is difficult in many cases of prostate abscess. Today, there are no guidelines or algorithms for the treatment of prostatic abscess. In this study, the shape and size of the abscess, in addition to patient background characteristics and the clinical course, were evaluated, and the treatment strategy for prostatic abscess was examined.

Methods and Material:

All patients with a diagnosis of prostatic abscess in Showa University Hospital between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Regarding the treatment options, the patients were divided into two groups, the conservative therapy group and the drainage group. In each group, background characteristics, culture reports, shape/size of abscess, and the presence of recurrence were evaluated.

Results:

All 18 patients with a diagnosis of prostatic abscess between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed; 13 patients improved with conservative treatment alone, but drainage was performed in five patients with poor response to antibiotic therapy. All five cases requiring transurethral drainage were multifocal abscesses.

Conclusions:

In making a decision about the approach for drainage, it is important to assess the size and shape of the abscess using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If the abscess is the multifocal type, drainage should be considered. Based on the present study, whether the abscess is focal type or multifocal type, transurethral drainage should be considered if the abscess size exceeds 30 mm.
Security and Privacy Issues with IoT in Healthcare
Authors: Chacko Anil , Hayajneh Thaier
Published: July 2018

In healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT) oﬀers many beneﬁts, including being able to monitor patients more closely and using data for analytics. When it comes to IoT for medical device integration, the focus is shifted towards the consumer end, such as glucose meters, blood pressure cuﬀs, and other devices designed to record data on patient vital signs. This enables healthcare providers to automatically collect information and apply decision support rules to allow for earlier intervention in the treatment process. Unfortunately, medical companies often do not consider the security risks of connecting these devices to the internet. There is a possibility that a zero-day exploit in a medical device can be used to injure or even kill someone without being detected. The rise in hackable medical devices has forced the FDA to issue formal guidance on how medical device makers should handle reports about cyber vulnerabilities. This paper aims to explore the role of IoT in healthcare, vulnerabilities, attacks, and security issues and solutions.
Grothendieck Duality and $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein Morphisms
Authors: Lee Yongnam , Nakayama Noboru
Published: July 2018

The notions of a

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein scheme and a

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein morphism are introduced for locally Noetherian schemes by dualizing complexes and (relative) canonical sheaves. These cover all the previously known notions of a

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein algebraic variety and a

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein deformation satisfying the Kollar condition, over a field. By studying the relative S

_2

-condition and base change properties, valuable results are proved for

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein morphisms, which include the infinitesimal criteria, the valuative criterion, and

\mathbb Q

-Gorenstein refinements.
О классическом соответствии вещественных К3-поверхностей
Authors: Krasnov Vyacheslav Alekseevich
Published: July 2018

Работа посвящена классическому соответствию между вещественными $\mathrm{K}3$-поверхностями степени 8, которые являются полными пересечениями трех вещественных квадрик, и вещественными $\mathrm{K}3$-поверхностями, которые являются двулистными накрытиями соответствующих связок квадрик с ветвлением в кривых вырожденных квадрик.
Библиография: 26 наименований.
Hokkaido Pumpkins and Huawei Phones: Anti-hiatus Tendencies in Slovene
Authors: GOLOB Nina , PETROVČIČ Mateja
Published: July 2018

In Slovene, sound shapes of Japanese and Chinese words undergoing the process of assimilation may be quite different from their origins, which in the end should not come as a surprise as it is so in many other languages. However, the fact that there are many cases with two slightly different Slovene pronunciations of the same Japanese or Chinese word, of which one is closer to the original sound shape than the other, calls for a more comprehensive investigation on the factors that contributed to such a result. This research pays attention to vowel sequences in Japanese and Chinese, and how they appear in Slovene as the so called visiting lexica. Though the two languages carry out vowel sequences in different ways, similarities can be found in the way Slovene detects and resolves their vowel hiatuses. Authors stress the importance of metrical aspects of the original sound shapes, which Latin script includes inconsistently or does not express at all. Phonological approach to vowel sequences solution to vowel hiatus and offers systematic guidelines on pronunciation of the Latin script. Besides, it may further bring some new insights into possible solution on conjugation and declination forms of Japanese and Chinese loanwords in Slovene.
The Chinese Notional Passive Construction under the View of Cognitive Construction Grammar
Authors: ZHANG Liulin
Published: July 2018

The notional passive construction (NPC, henceforth) is claimed to be the most common form of passive and the earliest mode of passive expression in Chinese. However, under the view of cognitive construction grammar, NPC remains a mystery with its form not clearly defined and its function not particularly discussed. Taking a character-based historical approach, this paper studies the form designated by NPC, the ‘theme + verbal’ structure in corpus data. Results show that the ‘theme + verbal’ structure is extremely stable in the history of the Chinese language, denoting change of state. In conjunction with some cross-linguistic findings, a change-of-state construction can thereby be proposed for the form ‘theme + verbal’. Accordingly, the idea of the so-called “notional passive construction” is challenged in the way that it essentially refers to a special situation of the change-of-state construction when the event expressed by the verbal is not likely to occur spontaneously- it is not a construction itself, yet plausibly passive.
Controlling variables and emission factors of methane from global rice fields
Authors: Wang Jinyang , Akiyama Hiroko , Yagi Kazuyuki , Yan Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Rice cultivation has long been known as one of the dominant anthropogenic contributors to methane (CH4) emissions, yet there is still uncertainty when estimating its emissions at the global or regional scale. An increasing number of rice field measurements have been conducted globally, which allow us to reassess the major variables controlling CH4 emissions and develop region- and country-specific emission factors (EFs). The results of our statistical analysis show that the CH4 flux from rice fields was closely related to organic amendments, the water regime during and before the rice-growing season, soil properties and agroecological conditions. The average CH4 fluxes from fields with single and multiple drainage were 71 % and 55 % that of continuously flooded rice fields. The CH4 flux from fields that were flooded in the previous season were 2.4 and 2.7 times that of fields previously drained for a short and long season, respectively. Rice straw applied at 6 t ha−1 in the preseason can decrease CH4 emissions by half when compared to that applied shortly before rice transplanting. The global default EF was estimated to be 1.19 kg CH4 ha−1 day−1 with a 95 % confidence interval of 0.80 to 1.76 kg CH4 ha−1 day−1 for continuously flooded rice fields without organic amendment and with a preseason water status of short drainage. The lower EFs were found in countries from South Asia (0.85 kg CH4 ha−1 day−1) and North America (0.65 kg CH4 ha−1 day−1) relative to other regions, indicative of geographical variations at sub-regional and country levels. In conclusion, these findings can provide a sound basis for developing national inventories and mitigation strategies of CH4 emission from rice fields.
Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons
Authors: Yee Lindsay D. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Wernis Rebecca A. , Meng Meng , Rivera Ventura , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Hering Susanne V. , Bering Mads S. , Glasius Marianne , Upshur Mary Alice , Gray Bé Ariana , Thomson Regan J. , Geiger Franz M. , Offenberg John H. , Lewandowski Michael , Kourtchev Ivan , Kalberer Markus , de Sá Suzane , Martin Scot T. , Alexander M. Lizabeth , Palm Brett B. , Hu Weiwei , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Day Douglas A. , Jimenez Jose L. , Liu Yingjun , McKinney Karena A. , Artaxo Paulo , Viegas Juarez , Manzi Antonio , Oliveira Maria B. , de Souza Rodrigo , Machado Luiz A. T. , Longo Karla , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the Amazon forest region represent the largest source of organic carbon emissions to the atmosphere globally. These BVOC emissions dominantly consist of volatile and intermediate-volatility terpenoid compounds that undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere to form oxygenated condensable gases and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We collected quartz filter samples with 12 h time resolution and performed hourly in situ measurements with a semi-volatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) at a rural site (T3) located to the west of the urban center of Manaus, Brazil as part of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign to measure intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile BVOCs and their oxidation products during the wet and dry seasons. We speciated and quantified 30 sesquiterpenes and 4 diterpenes with mean concentrations in the range 0.01–6.04 ng m−3 (1–670 ppqv). We estimate that sesquiterpenes contribute approximately 14 and 12 % to the total reactive loss of O3 via reaction with isoprene or terpenes during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This is reduced from  ∼  50–70 % for within-canopy reactive O3 loss attributed to the ozonolysis of highly reactive sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-caryophyllene) that are reacted away before reaching our measurement site. We further identify a suite of their oxidation products in the gas and particle phases and explore their role in biogenic SOA formation in the central Amazon region. Synthesized authentic standards were also used to quantify gas- and particle-phase oxidation products derived from β-caryophyllene. Using tracer-based scaling methods for these products, we roughly estimate that sesquiterpene oxidation contributes at least 0.4–5 % (median 1 %) of total submicron OA mass. However, this is likely a low-end estimate, as evidence for additional unaccounted sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products clearly exists. By comparing our field data to laboratory-based sesquiterpene oxidation experiments we confirm that more than 40 additional observed compounds produced through sesquiterpene oxidation are present in Amazonian SOA, warranting further efforts towards more complete quantification.
Tropospheric NO2, SO2, and HCHO over the East China Sea, using ship-based MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI and OMPS satellites data
Authors: Tan Wei , Liu Cheng , Wang Shanshan , Xing Chengzhi , Su Wenjing , Zhang Chengxin , Xia Congzi , Liu Haoran , Cai Zhaonan , Liu Jianguo
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In this study, ship-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed in the Eastern China Sea (ECS) area in June 2017. The tropospheric Slant Column Densities (SCDs) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) were retrieved from the measured spectra by the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. Using the simple geometric approach, the SCDs of different trace gases observed at 15° elevation angle were adopted to convert into tropospheric Vertical Columns Densities (VCDs). During this campaign, the averaged VCDs of NO2, SO2, and HCHO in the marine environment over ECS area are 6.50 × 1015 molec cm−2, 4.28 × 1015 molec cm−2 and 7.39 × 1015 molec cm−2, respectively. In addition, the ship-based MAX-DOAS trace gases VCDs were compared with satellite observations of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Ozone Mapping and Proﬁler Suite (OMPS). The daily OMI NO2 VCDs agree well with ship-based MAX-DOAS measurements showing the correlation coefficient R of 0.83. Besides, the good agreements of SO2 and HCHO VCDs between the OMPS satellite and ship-based MAX-DOAS observations were also found with correlation coefficient R of 0.76 and 0.69. The vertical profiles of these trace gases are achieved from the measured Differential Slant Column Densities (DSCDs) at different elevation angles using optimal estimation method. The retrieved profiles displayed the typical vertical distribution characteristics, which exhibits the low concentrations of
Top–down estimates of black carbon emissions at high latitudes using an atmospheric transport model and a Bayesian inversion framework
Authors: Evangeliou Nikolaos , Thompson Rona L. , Eckhardt Sabine , Stohl Andreas
Published: July 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the results of BC inversions at high northern latitudes (> 50° N) for the 2013–2015 period. A sensitivity analysis was performed to select the best representative species for BC and the best prior emission dataset. The same model ensemble was used to assess the uncertainty of the posterior emissions of BC due to scavenging and removal and due to the use of different prior emission inventory. The optimised emissions of BC were high close to the gas flaring regions in Russia and in Western Canada (Alberta), where numerous power and oil/gas production industries operate. The annual posterior emissions of BC at latitudes above 50° N were estimated as 560 ± 171 kt yr−1, significantly smaller than in ECLIPSEv5 (745 kt yr−1), which was used and the prior information in the inversions of BC. The average relative uncertainty of the inversions was estimated to be 30 %. Posterior concentrations of BC simulated over Arctic regions were compared with independent observations from flight and ship campaigns showing, in all cases, smaller bias, which in turn witnesses the success of the inversion. Posterior emissions of BC in North America are driven by anthropogenic sources, while biomass burning appeared to be less significant as it is also confirmed by satellite products. In North Europe, posterior emissions were estimated to be half compared to the prior ones, with the highest releases to be in megacities and due to biomass burning in Eastern Europe. The largest emissions of BC in Siberia were calculated along the transect between Yekaterinsburg and Chelyabinsk. Flaring emissions in Nenets-Komi oblast (Russia) were estimated to be much lower than in the prior emissions, while in Khanty-Mansiysk (Russia) they remained the same after the inversions of BC. Increased emissions in the borders between Russia and Mongolia are probably due to biomass burning in villages along the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Limited angle tomography of mesoscale gravity waves by the infrared limb-sounder GLORIA
Authors: Krisch Isabell , Ungermann Jörn , Preusse Peter , Kretschmer Erik , Riese Martin
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Three-dimensional measurements of gravity waves are required in order to
quantify their direction-resolved momentum fluxes and obtain a better
understanding of their propagation characteristics. Such 3-D measurements of
gravity waves in the lowermost stratosphere have been provided by the
airborne Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere
(GLORIA) using full angle tomography. Closed flight patterns of sufficient
size are needed to acquire the full set of angular measurements for full
angle tomography. These take about 2 h and are not feasible everywhere due
to scientific reasons or air traffic control restrictions. Hence, this paper
investigates the usability of limited angle tomography for gravity wave
research based on synthetic observations. Limited angle tomography uses only
a limited set of angles for tomographic reconstruction and can be applied to
linear flight patterns. A synthetic end-to-end simulation has been performed
to investigate the sensitivity of limited angle tomography to gravity waves
with different wavelengths and orientations with respect to the flight path.
For waves with wavefronts roughly perpendicular to the flight path, limited
angle tomography and full angle tomography can derive wave parameters like
wavelength, amplitude, and wave orientation with similar accuracy. For waves
with a horizontal wavelength above 200 km and vertical wavelength
above 3 km, the wavelengths can be retrieved with less than
10 % error, the amplitude with less than 20 % error, and
the horizontal wave direction with an error below 10∘. This is
confirmed by a comparison of results obtained from full angle tomography and
limited angle tomography for real measurements taken on 25 January 2016 over
Iceland. The reproduction quality of gravity wave parameters with limited
angle tomography, however, depends strongly on the orientation of the waves
with respect to the flight path. Thus, full angle tomography might be
preferable in cases in which the orientation of the wave cannot be predicted
or waves with different orientations exist in the same volume and thus the
flight path cannot be adjusted accordingly. Also, for low-amplitude waves and
short-scale waves full angle tomography has advantages due to its slightly
higher resolution and accuracy.
Weaving of biomineralization framework in rotaliid foraminifera:
Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions
Authors: Nagai Yukiko , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Chen Chong , Wani Ryoji , Tyszka Jarosław , Toyofuku Takashi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Foraminifera are commonly used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions based on the taxonomical composition, as well as elemental and/or isotopic signatures of their calcareous tests. A major problem, often referred to as the ‘vital effect’, is that such geochemical signatures stored in inorganic calcium carbonates differ greatly under the same environmental conditions. This effect was previously explained by proportional contributions from passive vs active ion transport patterns, but their details are still investigated. In this study, the functional role of pseudopodial structures during chamber formation is elucidated by detailed observation of Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus) using a time-lapse optical imaging system and high-resolution electron microscopy. For the first time, we document triple organic layers sandwiching carbonate precipitation sites. The three major organic layers (outer organic layer, primary organic sheet, and inner organic layer) are formed by an initial framework of pseudopodia overlaid with further layer-like pseudopodia. The POS seems to facilitate early calcium carbonate nucleation, then entrapped by double precipitation sites. We further show that calcification starts when outer/inner organic layers still reveal tiny gaps (holes within the framework) that may serve as pathways for passive ion exchange (e.g., Mg2+) between seawater and the confined precipitation space. Nevertheless, the majority of wall thickening occurs when the precipitation site is completely isolated from seawater that implicates of active ion exchange. This may explain the differences in Mg/Ca ratios in early and later stages of calcification observed in previous studies. Our study resolves a key ‘missing piece’ in understanding foraminiferal calcification. The ‘vital effect’ is directly linked to spatio-temporal organization of the ‘biomineralization sandwich’ controlled by the three major organic layers. This study exemplifies the importance of culture experiments and in-depth observations of living organisms in order to interpret and calibrate biogeochemical proxies.
Seasonal prediction skill of East Asian summer monsoon in CMIP5 models
Authors: Huang Bo , Cubasch Ulrich , Kadow Christopher
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is an important part of the
global climate system and plays a vital role in the Asian climate. Its
seasonal predictability is a long-standing issue within the monsoon scientist
community. In this study, we analyse the seasonal (the leading time is at
least 6 months) prediction skill of the EASM rainfall and its associated
general circulation in non-initialised and initialised simulations for the
years 1979–2005, which are performed by six prediction systems (i.e. the
BCC-CSM1-1, the CanCM4, the GFDL-CM2p1, the HadCM3, the MIROC5, and the
MPI-ESM-LR) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP 5).
We find that most prediction systems of simulated zonal wind over 850 and 200 hPa
are significantly improved in the initialised simulations compared to
non-initialised simulations. Based on the knowledge that zonal wind indices
can be used as potential predictors for the EASM, we select an EASM index
based upon the zonal wind over 850 hPa for further analysis. This assessment
shows that the GFDL-CM2p1 and the MIROC5 added prediction skill in simulating
the EASM index with initialisation, the BCC-CSM1-1, the CanCM4, and the
MPI-ESM-LR changed the skill insignificantly, and the HadCM3 indicates a
decreased skill score. The different responses to initialisation can be
traced back to the ability of the models to capture the ENSO (El
Niño–Southern Oscillation) and EASM coupled mode, particularly the Southern
Oscillation–EASM coupled mode. As is known from observation studies, this
mode links the oceanic circulation and the EASM rainfall. Overall, the
GFDL-CM2p1 and the MIROC5 are capable of predicting the EASM on a seasonal
timescale under the current initialisation strategy.
Debris Flow Risk Mapping Based on GIS and Extenics
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Zhang Xueru , Zou Yangjuan , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Siyu
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Debris flow, a very dangerous natural disaster, frequently occurs in mountainous areas of Sichuan province. China. Here, we applied the extenics method, which is normally used in single debris flow risk assessment, towards a large-scale debris flow risk assessment for the first time, and built the classical matter elements and joint domain matter elements for assessment of the debris flow risks in Sichuan province. Eight factors, including relative elevation, slope, rock hardness, rainfall, gully density, vegetation coverage, occurrences of historical debris flow and historical earthquake occurrences were selected for debris flow assessment by using geographic information system technology and weight analysis approach. Based on the risk assessment, the debris flow risk map was generated. Results indicate that areas with high risk and very high risk accounted for 21.32 % and 14.35 % of the whole province, respectively. 76 % of the verification points fall within the moderate, high and very high risk areas, suggesting high accuracy of extenics method in large-scale assessment areas. Thus, the Geographic Information System (GIS) and extenics based methods could provide a strong support for debris flow management in the region.
Comparison of four calving laws to model Greenland outlet glaciers
Authors: Choi Youngmin , Morlighem Mathieu , Wood Michael , Bondzio Johannes H.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Calving is an important mechanism that controls the dynamics of marine terminating glaciers of Greenland. Iceberg calving at the terminus affects the entire stress regime of outlet glaciers, which may lead to further retreat and ice flow acceleration. It is therefore critical to accurately parameterize calving in ice sheet models in order to improve the projections of ice sheet change over the coming decades and reduce the uncertainty in their contribution to sea level rise. Several calving laws have been proposed, but most of them have been applied only to a specific region and have not been tested on other glaciers, while some others have only been implemented in one-dimensional flowline or vertical flowband models. Here, we test and compare several calving laws recently proposed in the literature using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We test these calving laws on nine tidewater glaciers of Greenland. We compare the modeled ice front evolution to the observed retreat from Landsat data collected over the past 10 years, and assess which calving law has better predictive abilities for each glacier. Overall, the von Mises tensile stress calving law is more satisfactory than other laws for simulating observed ice front retreat, but new parameterizations that capture better the different modes of calving should be developed. Although the final positions of ice fronts are different for forecast simulations with different calving laws, our results confirm that ice front retreat highly depends on bed topography irrespective of the calving law employed. This study also confirms that calving dynamics needs to be plan-view or 3D in ice sheet models to account for complex bed topography and narrow fjords along the coast of Greenland.
Satellite-observed sea ice area flux through Baffin Bay: 1988–2015
Authors: Bi Haibo , Wang Yunhe , Xu Xiuli , Liang Yu , Huang Jue , Liu Yilin , Fu Min , Huang Haijun
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Sea ice export through Baffin Bay plays a vital role in modulating the meridional overturning process in the downstream Labrador Sea. In this study, satellite-derived sea ice products are explored to obtain the sea ice flux (SIF) through three passages (referred to as A, B, and C for the north, middle, and south passages, respectively) of Baffin Bay. Over the period 1988–2015, the average annual (October–September) sea ice area export is 555 × 103 km2, 642 × 103 km2, and 551 × 103 km2 through passages A, B, and C, respectively. These amounts are less than that observed through the Fram Strait (FS, 707 × 103 km2). Clear increasing trends in annual sea ice export on the order of 53.1 × 103 km2/de and 43.2 × 103 km2/de are identified at passages A and B, respectively. The trend at the south passage (C), however, is slightly negative (−13.3 × 103 km2/de). The positive trends in annual SIF at A and B are primarily attributable to the increase during winter months, which is triggered by the accelerated sea ice motion (SIM) and partly compensated by the reduced sea ice concentration (SIC). During the summer months, the sea ice export through each Baffin Bay passage usually presents a negative trend, primarily because of the decline in SIM and it is further enhanced by a dramatic decrease in SIC. A significant positive trend in the net SIF (i.e. net ice inflow) is found for between the passages A (or B) and C at 54.5 (or 64.2) × 103 km2/de. Therefore, Baffin Bay may have presented a greater convergence of ice. Overall, the connection between Baffin Bay sea ice export and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is tenuous, although the correlation is sensitive to variations in the selected time period. In contrast, the association with the cross-gate sea level pressure difference (SLPD) is robust in Baffin Bay (R = 0.69–0.71 depending on the passages), but relatively weaker compared with that in the FS (R = 0.74). Baffin Bay is bounded by Baffin Island to the west and Greenland to the east, thus, sea ice drift is not converted to the free state observed in the FS.
Brief Communication:
Widespread potential for seawater infiltration
on Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Cook Sue , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Coleman Richard
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Antarctica's future contribution to sea level change depends on the fate of its fringing ice shelves. One variable which may affect the rates of iceberg calving from ice shelves is the presence of liquid water, including the percolation of seawater into permeable firn layers. Here, we present evidence that most ice shelves around Antarctica have regions where permeable firn exists below sea level. The findings indicate that seawater infiltration onto ice shelves may be much more widespread in Antarctica than previously recognised. Our results present the most likely locations for seawater infiltration to occur, and may be used as an indicator of where future radar studies might be focussed.
Structure of Channel Management and Agency Theory: Relationship Marketing Approach for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Business
Authors: Trihatmoko R. Agus , Harsono Mugi , Wahyuni Salamah , Haryono Tulus , Lukviarman Niki
Published: July 2018

This article aimed at identifying, describing, and obtaining deep understanding about channel management to reveal the characteristics of relationship-marketing theory. As such, it utilizes the agency theoretical perspective which is occasionally used in prior relationship-marketing research. The research uses qualitative method based on phenomenology theoretical-design and constructivism philosophy to observed fast-moving consumer goods business phenomenon within transactional buying-selling process in the channel management structure. Such design will be applied through the mechanism of distribution channels in traditional trade. The result identifies three positions of distribution channels within the agency theory perspective: (1) relationship between principal, distributor and promotional agencies in an efficient contract position, (2) relationship between distributor, wholesaler and retailer in the position of the realized outcomes, and (3) relationship between wholesaler, retailer and the end-users in a pay-offs position. The findings viewed as a constructive way in describing the re-design model structure of channel management from the agency theoretical perspective. As such, the research revealed three characteristics of relationship marketing;  exclusive contract, direct competitive, and temporary contract approach. This research implies that the agency theoretical perspective will emerge as a new and prosperous theoretical perspective in the field of relationship marketing research in the future. It might be argued that managers in applying any relationship marketing approach are advised to stay focused on improving the quality of relationships among the partners covered by each channel-group. Further, it is expected that future research in the field of marketing management, particularly on relationship-marketing research, to  utilize the  agency theory as their theoretical strands.
Ongoing Policy, Regulatory, and Competitive Challenges Facing Canada's Small Internet Service Providers
Authors: McNally Michael B. , Rathi Dinesh , Joseph Kris , Evaniew Jennifer , Adkisson Amy
Published: July 2018

Many rural and remote Canadians continue to experience a digital divide. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) operating in these communities play a crucial role in connecting Canadians, yet they are understudied. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by focusing on policy, regulatory, and competitive challenges and issues facing small ISPs. Small ISPs face competitive pressures, but more importantly deal with regulatory challenges induced by the lack of a coherent national approach to rural broadband. Ten Canadian ISPs were interviewed as part of this study. The paper recommends the Government of Canada develop a national broadband strategy informed in part through consultation with small ISPs.
How Do Public Service Broadcasters Make a Case for Themselves? An Analysis of BBC's “Charter Manifestos”
Authors: D'Arma Alessandro
Published: July 2018

As publicly funded organizations operating in a sector characterized by ever-greater private-sector provision, public service broadcasters need to build a robust case for their continuing legitimacy. This article examines the discursive strategies of the BBC in the United Kingdom in the context of the last three Royal Charter reviews. It shows that since the early 2000s, and particularly during the most recent Charter review, the BBC has deployed influential policy ideas on the creative economy to build a case that in keeping with the times emphasizes its economic contribution as well as its more traditional role in fostering political and cultural citizenship.
Estágio supervisionado em História: as vivências, desafios e possibilidades do graduando na prática docente
Authors: Sabião Ruhama
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo buscou analisar o Estágio Supervisionado em História realizado nos anos de 2015 e 2016, pela Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná. Os colégios atendidos foram a Escola Estadual Santa Terezinha – Ensino Fundamental, em 2015, o Colégio Estadual Tiradentes – Ensino Fundamental e Médio e o Colégio Tia Ana Maria – Ensino Fundamental e Médio (rede privada), em 2016. A experiência em se trabalhar em colégios da rede pública, com estruturas diferenciadas e em colégio da rede privada, proporcionou uma análise enriquecedora durante as observações, participações e elaborações das regências. O trabalho resultou na descrição de convergências e dissonâncias entre escolas, alunos e professores, destacando-se a dificuldade na apreensão dos conceitos em História e de segunda ordem. Os temas das regências foram “A vinda da família real para o Brasil”, “Independência do Brasil?”, “África: da história esquecida aos impactos na atualidade”, “História e Memória”, e “História do Paraná: territórios, poder e dominação”.Palavras-chave:Estágio Supervisionado; Ensino de História; Formação de professores
Policy Enabling Environment of Mining Sector in Tanzania: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Maliganya Willy , Bengesi Kenneth
Published: July 2018

Mining has increasingly become an important contributor to the economy of developing countries including Tanzania. Since independence, Tanzania has made several efforts in response to address the challenges in the mining sector to enhance its contribution to the national economy. However, such efforts have not been successful in addressing the persisting challenges, which includes lack of expected benefits, failure to develop policy options for making the investment environment supportive for all actors in the sector; hence failure to use mineral wealth sustainably. The reasons for the persistence of these challenges are not well documented especially in relation to the policy framework. While some scholars attribute these challenges to bad deals with mining companies, others blame the government for its failure to effectively implement, monitor and enforce the existing regulatory framework. This paper reviews the policy enabling environment of the mining sector in Tanzania. The results indicate that Tanzania has taken measures to create some opportunities through policy enabling environment. However, the measures have not been able to achieve the expected results due to the persistence of targeted challenges in the sector. In view of this, improvement of the policy framework is particularly needed where policy gaps have accelerated for poor practices.
Las relaciones públicas como materia científica: el impacto de la neurociencia
Authors: Álvarez Sergio , Arceo Vacas Alfredo
Published: July 2018

Los esfuerzos por dotar a las relaciones públicas de un carácter científico, han generado la opinión extendida de que constituyen una ciencia social. Pero la falta de una producción teórica ajustada al método científico, junto al marcado carácter interdisciplinar de su corpus, nos impiden considerarla como ciencia por derecho propio. Es cierto que la investigación neurocientífica ha abierto la puerta al uso de datos empíricos para estudiar los procesos cerebrales en emisores y receptores, durante la práctica de acciones de relaciones públicas. Sin embargo, dichas técnicas siguen requiriendo de contrastación con métodos clásicos en comunicación, sujetos a la interpretación contextual.
Gestão Estratégica de Custos em uma Entidade Fechada de Previdência Complementar
Authors: Trajano Brenda De Borba , Welter Larissa Marx , De Souza Ângela Rozane Leal , Schmidt Paulo
Published: July 2018

Given the current speculation that concern the pension reform in Brazil, proposed by the Federal Government, is timely strategic analysis of private pension sector structural closed in the country. Thus, this study aims to identify how its value chain, strategic positioning and the cost drivers (of costs) in a Brazilian Pension Fund, adapting the guidelines originally proposed by Shank and Govindarajan (1993) and Costa (2011). To this end, we conducted a case study with semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. The results present the settings, links and existing activities in the value chain, highlighting the strategic suppliers, since actuarial consultancy, investment and legal; the internal activities of the entity, that start in attracting participants contributions collection, application and granting of benefits; and participants who receive the benefits of retirement, sickness, pension and annuity. External factors are also shown, in addition to the strategic position of the entity. The analysis of the determinants of costs demonstrates the importance of the commitment, experience, quality, technology, model management, scope, scale, and institutional factors in the costs of the organization.
Innovative products and services in the Polish banking sector
Authors: Stolarska Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

Competition requirements and the desire to succeed are encouraging banks to continually seek new products and services. Technology development enables banks to in¬troduce new technologies, optimize delivery processes, and create the basis for information exchange and sales across all distribution channels. It is often the brake of innovation that ensures the right level of security. This is mainly due to the specificity of the institution, which is the bank and the need to maintain the confidence of the public. The aim of the study is to analyze selected banking innovations on the example of banks. The types of inno¬vations in the banking sector will be discussed and their significance for the competitiveness of the bank will be assessed.
Talent as an element of the potential of the XXI century organization
Authors: Górka-Chowaniec Agnieszka , Grabiec Olimpia
Published: July 2018

Among contemporary scientific areas, considerations regarding the specifics of entities’ functioning and human resources management are becoming increasingly impor¬tant as the management of particularly talented employees, above-average units referred to as talents. So what is talent? How to effectively manage talents in contemporary organiza¬tions? The above conditions encouraged the author to try to answer the above-mentioned research questions. The study, presenting in its essence the review character, attempts to show talent as an important element of the modern organization. Within the framework of such a defined goal, the essence of talent was presented, taking into account the diversity of definitions. These considerations were also used to show selected models of talent manage¬ment in the organization. The author’s model of the talent succession planning process is presented later in the author’s opinion as one of the determinants of competitive advanta¬ge of entities in contemporary markets. These considerations were carried out taking into account the latest national and foreign literature in the field of management sciences. The recommendations formulated in the available reports of the organization, whose main area of interest is management of talented units, were also used. The article may be a contribution to further discussion and empirical activity in the area of discussed issues.
Działania pracowników socjalnych wobec klientów „zaburzonych psychicznie”
Authors: Jarkiewicz Anna
Published: July 2018

Przedmiotem tego artykułu są interakcyjne taktyki pracowników socjalnych wykorzystywane w pracy z „osobami zaburzonymi psychicznie”. Podstawą do formułowania wniosków są badania przeprowadzone w ośrodku pomocy społecznej, których zasadniczym celem była rekonstrukcja działań pracowników socjalnych z osobami kategoryzowanymi jako „zaburzone psychicznie”. Materiał badawczy był gromadzony i analizowany na podstawie metodologii teorii ugruntowanej; składały się na to: notatki z obserwacji, rozmowy z pracownikami socjalnymi, rozmowy pracowników z klientami oraz ze współpracownikami. Przez sześć miesięcy obserwowałam pracowników socjalnych w trakcie wykonywania codziennej pracy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tej, która dotyczyła osób „zaburzonych psychicznie”.
Building New Banjos for an Old-Time World
Authors: Jones-Bamman Richard
Published: July 2018

This book addresses the relationship between small-scale banjo makers and the musical community within which they function, specifically groups and individuals interested in the performance and promotion of old-time music, a style deeply invested with nostalgia and a romanticized view of rural American life. Within this environment, banjo builders provide not only instruments that continuously reference a collectively imagined past, but also expand that same conception to include elements that have heretofore been overlooked or purposely ignored, such as blackface minstrelsy and the role this 19th century phenomenon played in advancing the popularity of the banjo. By introducing instruments that reference or replicate those used in this admittedly onerous practice, builders are contributing to the growing awareness within the old-time musical world that much of the music and its associated techniques are the result of centuries of interaction between black and white musicians. In doing so, they have also advanced the discourse regarding race and music in American society by demonstrating how deeply embedded these processes are in our nation’s history.
Lo biopolítico desde la noción simondoniana de “vida”.
Authors: Vázquez Manzano Francisco José
Published: July 2018

A partir de las reflexiones de Michel Foucault en torno al poder, la noción de biopolítica ha sido un topos común en el debate filosófico contemporáneo. Sin embargo, como ya advirtiese Giorgio Agamben, no es posible una comprensión de lo biopolítico sin un enriquecimiento de la noción de “vida” manejada por Foucault. A esta tarea se encomienda principalmente este trabajo, a través de un análisis de la noción de vida propuesta por Gilbert Simondon que permita arrojar luz sobre la naturaleza de lo biopolítico.
Nel merito dei rapporti medico legali vigenti tra le assicurazioni sociali: la gestione della malattia, la surrogazione e il cumulo tra prestazioni previdenziali nella loro concreta applicazione.
Authors: Sammicheli Michele , Scaglione Marcella
Published: July 2018

The article looks at the relationships between the two main Italian Social Security Insurance Institutes: the National Institute of Social Security (INPS) and the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL).The aim of the article, resulting from the daily working practices of the two Authors, is to examine the various sectors in which the two institutions are often confronted: the management of compensable illness, the subrogation, and the cases of accumulation of social security benefits provided by the two institutions for disabled persons.Some practical examples are reported in order to facilitate the reader the easy understanding of the issues addressed.
Des Cent-Îles aux Cent-Géographies : pérégrinations sud-est asiatiques du géographe Rodolphe De Koninck
Authors: DÉRY Steve
Published: July 2018

Aborder l’oeuvre de Rodolphe De Koninck, géographe québécois dont la carrière couvre plus de cinq décennies, doit se faire sans prétention tellement les portes d’entrée sont nombreuses, depuis sa première publication majeure,Les Cent-Îles du Lac Saint-Pierre, parue en 1970. À partir des transformations agraires, d’une part, et de la construction des États modernes, d’autre part, l’objectif est d’examiner l’évolution de la contribution du géographe à la compréhension de ces questions, tant en Asie du Sud-Est que dans leur universalité. Considérant les enjeux actuels, liés entre autres à une transition agraire source d’inégalités et aux impacts environnementaux néfastes, il s’agit de suggérer en quoi les recherches de Rodolphe De Koninck contribuent à mieux faire comprendre ces enjeux.
Quelle vision du Nord québécois dans les programmes de géographie au primaire et au secondaire ?
Authors: DÉRY Chantal , MOTTET Éric
Published: July 2018

Au moment où l’on parle abondamment du Nord québécois dans l’actualité politique et sociale, la question de son enseignement est absente des débats. Afin de mieux faire comprendre comment la nordicité est traitée dans le système scolaire québécois (primaire et secondaire), nous présentons dans cet article une analyse de contenu des programmes de géographie et d’un échantillon de matériel didactique utilisé dans les classes du Québec. Les premiers résultats tendent à montrer que le Nord québécois est peu présent dans les programmes et les manuels de géographie. Lorsque cette présence se fait sentir, c’est l’histoire du Nord québécois et des Inuit qui est présentée, davantage que les enjeux contemporains. De plus, les contenus sont souvent morcelés et on présente le Nord québécois comme un « ailleurs » sans véritable relation avec le Québec méridional, tout en perpétuant une certaine vision mythique du Nord.
Nous nous souvenons du territoire : la géographie québécoise face aux mémoires autochtones
Authors: DESBIENS Caroline , RIVARD Étienne , HIRT Irène
Published: July 2018

Au Québec, plusieurs identités collectives liées au territoire coexistent, mais elles n’ont pas toutes la même visibilité. En 2006, Étienne Rivard avait parlé d’une « géographie de l’absence » en ce qui a trait à la question autochtone. Partant de ce constat, nous abordons la disproportion entre l’importance des questions autochtones dans l’actualité et l’apport des géographes pour comprendre ces problématiques. Si la géographie universitaire gomme parfois la diversité des territorialités québécoises, les Inuit et les Premières Nations, en revanche, ne cessent de tracer les lignes de ce que pourrait être une compréhension du Québec intégrant pleinement les composantes autochtones du territoire. À travers deux exemples – l’un portant sur la toponymie et l’autre sur un festival culturel –, nous abordons la visibilité grandissante des Autochtones dans l’espace québécois, autant dans les régions nordiques qu’en milieu urbain.
Gating mechanisms during actin filament elongation by formins
Authors: Aydin Fikret , Courtemanche Naomi , Pollard Thomas D , Voth Gregory A
Published: July 2018

Formins play an important role in the polymerization of unbranched actin filaments, and particular formins slow elongation by 5–95%. We studied the interactions between actin and the FH2 domains of formins Cdc12, Bni1 and mDia1 to understand the factors underlying their different rates of polymerization. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed two factors that influence actin filament elongation and correlate with the rates of elongation. First, FH2 domains can sterically block the addition of new actin subunits. Second, FH2 domains flatten the helical twist of the terminal actin subunits, making the end less favorable for subunit addition. Coarse-grained simulations over longer time scales support these conclusions. The simulations show that filaments spend time in states that either allow or block elongation. The rate of elongation is a time-average of the degree to which the formin compromises subunit addition rather than the formin-actin complex literally being in ‘open’ or ‘closed’ states.