bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Architectures with Optimal Activation Functions for Pediatric Pneumonia Diagnosis Using Chest X-Rays
Authors: Radočaj Petra , Radočaj Dorijan , Martinović Goran
Published: January 2025

Pneumonia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Traditionally, pneumonia diagnosis has relied on a combination of clinical evaluation and radiologists’ interpretation of chest X-rays. However, this process is time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies in diagnosis. The integration of advanced technologies such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) into medical diagnostics offers a potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various activation functions within CNNs for pediatric pneumonia classification using a dataset of 5856 chest X-ray images. The novel Mish activation function was compared with Swish and ReLU, demonstrating superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score in all cases. Notably, InceptionResNetV2 combined with Mish activation function achieved the highest overall performance with an accuracy of 97.61%. Although the dataset used may not fully represent the diversity of real-world clinical cases, this research provides valuable insights into the influence of activation functions on CNN performance in medical image analysis, laying a foundation for future automated pneumonia diagnostic systems.
Utilizing Olive Fly Ecology Towards Sustainable Pest Management
Authors: Stavrianakis Giorgos , Sentas Efstratios , Zafeirelli Sofia , Tscheulin Thomas , Kizos Thanasis
Published: January 2025

The olive fly (Bactrocera oleae, OLF) is a major pest of global significance that occurs in places where olive cultivation thrives. This paper highlights the economic and environmental damage caused by OLF infestations, including reduced olive oil yield and quality, disrupted supply chains, and ecosystem imbalances due to heavy insecticide use. Understanding olive fly ecology is crucial for developing effective control strategies. The review explores the fly’s life cycle, its relationship with olive trees, and how environmental factors like temperature and humidity influence population dynamics. Additionally, studying the role of natural enemies and agricultural practices can pave the way for sustainable control methods that minimize environmental harm. Climate change, intensive cultivation, and the development of resistance to insecticides necessitate a shift towards sustainable practices. This includes exploring alternative control methods like biological control with natural enemies and attract-and-kill strategies. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of OLF ecology, including its response to temperature and its ability to find refuge in diverse landscapes, is critical for predicting outbreaks and implementing effective protection strategies. By employing a holistic approach that integrates ecological knowledge with sustainable control methods, we can ensure the continued viability of olive cultivation, protect the environment, and produce high-quality olive oil.
Glutathione Depletion Exacerbates Hepatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Sasaninia Kayvan , Mohan Aishvaryaa Shree , Badaoui Ali , Glassman Ira , Yoon Sonyeol , Karapetyan Arshavir , Kolloli Afsal , Kumar Ranjeet , Ramasamy Santhamani , Subbian Selvakumar , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: January 2025

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for approximately 17% of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections globally. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are at an increased risk for EPTB. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with HIV and T2DM exhibit diminished synthesis of glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. In a murine model, we showed that the diethyl maleate (DEM)-induced depletion of GSH in the lungs led to increased M.tb burden and an impaired pulmonary granulomatous response to M.tb infection. However, the effects of GSH depletion during active EPTB in the liver and spleen have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated hepatic GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as cytokine profiles, in untreated and DEM-treated M.tb-infected wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we assessed hepatic and splenic M.tb burdens and tissue pathologies. DEM treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of the reduced form of GSH and an increase in MDA, oxidized GSH, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Furthermore, DEM-induced GSH decrease was associated with decreased production of IL-12 and IL-17 and elevated production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. A significant increase in M.tb growth was detected in the liver and spleen in DEM-treated M.tb-infected mice. Large, disorganized lymphocyte infiltrates were detected in the hepatic tissues of DEM-treated mice. Overall, GSH diminishment impaired the granulomatous response to M.tb in the liver and exacerbated M.tb growth in both the liver and spleen. These findings provide critical insights into the immunomodulatory role of GSH in TB pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of extrapulmonary M.tb infections.
Sexually Dimorphic Effects of CYP2B6 in the Development of Fasting-Mediated Steatosis in Mice: Role of the Oxylipin Products 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE
Authors: Eccles-Miller Jazmine A. , Johnson Tyler D. , Baldwin William S.
Published: January 2025

Background: Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is a sexually dimorphic, anti-obesity CYP enzyme responsible for the metabolism of xeno- and endobiotics, including the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (9-HOTrE). However, humanized CYP2B6 transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) mice are sensitive to diet-induced hepatic steatosis despite their resistance to obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine if 9-HODE, 9-HOTrE, or other factors contribute to the sexually dimorphic steatosis observed in hCYP2B6-Tg mice. Results: Cyp2b9/10/13-null (Cyp2b-null) mice were injected with either 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE for 2 days and were then subjected to a fasting period of 20 h to induce steatosis. Serum lipids were moderately increased, especially in females, after 9-HODE (triglycerides (TGs), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)) and 9-HOTrE (high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), cholesterol) treatment. No change in hepatic lipids and few changes in hepatic gene expression were observed in mice treated with either oxylipin, suggesting that these oxylipins had minimal to moderate effects. Therefore, to further investigate CYP2B6’s role in steatosis, hCYP2B6-Tg and Cyp2b-null mice were subjected to a 20 h fast and compared. Both male and female hCYP2B6-Tg mice exhibited increased steatosis compared to Cyp2b-null mice. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLs, and VLDLs were increased in hCYP2B6-Tg males. Serum triglycerides and VLDLs were decreased in hCYP2B6-Tg females, suggesting the greater hepatic retention of lipids in females. Hepatic oxylipin profiles revealed eight perturbed oxylipins in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice and only one in males when compared to Cyp2b-null mice. RNA-seq also demonstrated greater effects in females in terms of the number of genes and gene ontology (GO) terms perturbed. There were only a few overlapping GO terms between sexes, and lipid metabolic processes were enriched in hCYP2B6-Tg male mice but were repressed in hCYP2B6-Tg females compared to Cyp2b-nulls. Conclusions: hCYP2B6-Tg mice are sensitive to fasting-mediated steatosis in males and females, although the responses are different. In addition, the oxylipins 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE are unlikely to be the primary cause of CYP2B6’s pro-steatotic effects.
Psychedelic-Induced Neural Plasticity: A Comprehensive Review and a Discussion of Clinical Implications
Authors: Weiss Francesco , Magnesa Anna , Gambini Matteo , Gurrieri Riccardo , Annuzzi Eric , Elefante Camilla , Perugi Giulio , Marazziti Donatella
Published: January 2025

Background: Psychedelics are increasingly recognized as a promising and innovative treatment strategy for several mental disorders. However, there is still a lively controversy in the medical community as regards the rationale of their employment, specifically their indications and potential dangers. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on “MEDLINE/PubMed” and “Web of Science” was performed from inception to 26 June 2024, cross-checking the obtained references. We included all studies, i.e., both clinical and preclinical, that supplied original data. Results: We initially obtained a total of 1083 entries, 813 from MEDLINE/PubMed and 270 from Web of Science. After duplicate elimination, 903 underwent systematic literature selection. Primary abstract screening yielded a total of 572 candidates for eligibility assessment and excluded 331 entries on formal grounds. Eligibility assessment led to the exclusion of 501 titles. Finally, a total of 70 articles were included in this review. Discussion: Preclinical evidence from genetic expression, histology and behavioral studies is soundly consistent with psychedelics possessing neuroplasticity-inducing properties. Despite methodological difficulties, clinical evidence seems to be inferentially in agreement with preclinical findings. However, it is still unclear whether the “neuroplastic boost” induced by classic psychedelics might be dissociable from the psychodysleptic effects, thereby reducing the psychopathological hazards implied by these compounds. Moreover, the fact that the so-called “relaxation of priors” should be unconditionally beneficial appears debatable, and further research should clarify the possible indications and contraindications of psychedelic psychoplastogens within a precision medicine perspective.
Effect of Supplemental Language Therapy on Cortical Neuroplasticity and Language Outcomes in Children with Hearing Loss
Authors: Sharma Anu , Cormier Kayla , Grigsby Jim
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The cortical auditory evoked potential P1 response is a biomarker of cortical auditory maturation for tracking longitudinal cortical maturation in children with hearing loss after treatment with hearing aids and/or cochlear implants. In conjunction with hearing treatments, children with hearing loss commonly receive language therapy services. However, the effect of language therapy on cortical maturation in hearing loss is less well studied. Methods: This study explored auditory cortical maturation changes, using the P1 response, with coinciding language changes, utilizing the Preschool Language Scales test, following approximately six months of supplemental listening and spoken language therapy services in 39 children with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Results: Following supplemental language therapy, P1 latencies significantly decreased in all children, at a rate found to be significantly faster than expected for typical maturation. Language scores also significantly improved beyond expected maturation effects and were correlated with P1 latencies following supplemental therapy. Overall, with approximately six months of therapy, the children in this study made significantly greater gains of 9 to 10 months in total language and expressive communication. A subgroup analysis revealed that children with cochlear implants showed significantly lower language scores than their chronological age following supplemental therapy, while children with hearing aids obtained language scores that were not significantly different to their chronological age at follow-up. Conclusions: Overall, the results from this study showed that supplemental language therapy resulted in more typical auditory cortical maturation and improved language abilities and that the P1 CAEP response can objectively track neuroplastic changes in children as a function of language therapy provided in conjunction with hearing aids and CIs.
Aging Adaptation Transition of Health Care Buildings for Accessibility Optimization for the Elderly
Authors: Yi Chang , Han Wenyang , Liu Yiheng , Lin Yijie , Qi Yicong
Published: January 2025

As society develops, the aging population issue is becoming more serious and gaining global attention. Meanwhile, the building industry worldwide is focusing on making buildings more convenient for the elderly. This study focuses on a health care building, analyzing its aging-friendly design. It examines issues related to walking situations and activity spaces and proposes optimization strategies based on relevant codes and actual needs. Through optimization and transformation, the walking distance to the nearest exit for the elderly in the building has been reduced by 36.8%, the walking distance to activity space for the elderly has been reduced by 8.4%, and the average public activity space of each elderly person has been increased by about 23.5%. In addition, the handrails of the accessible stairway have been changed to double handrails, which is more suitable for the different needs of the elderly, and the space of the wheelchair-accessible elevator has been expanded, which is more convenient for the elderly’s activities in elevators. This paper explores the feasibility and design direction of the aging-friendly architecture, and it aims to provide a valuable reference for the renovation of aging buildings.
The Tolerance Interval Optimization of Cable Forces During the Construction Phase of Cable-Stayed Bridges Based on Hybrid Intelligent Algorithms
Authors: Chu Wenhao , Xu Zhouyuan , Liu Zujun , Wang Ming , Sun Sheng , Wang Zhihao
Published: January 2025

To investigate the controllability of sensitive cable forces during the construction phase of cable-stayed bridges, a novel optimization method is proposed, based on BP neural networks, which combines Gaussian process prediction with a simulated annealing-optimized particle swarm algorithm to determine the tolerance intervals of construction cable forces. Based on the analysis results of multiple linear regression, the variables for optimization are identified, and a mapping relationship between the sensitive cable forces and displacement values is established using a BP neural network. Subsequently, a Gaussian process model is constructed to delineate the relationship between cable forces and reliability, with a focus on the reliability of displacements during the construction phase of the cross-section, specifically targeting sensitive cable forces. Finally, a combination of the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm algorithm is employed to optimize the tolerance intervals of the cable forces. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method, a case study is conducted on the tolerance interval optimization of cable forces using a three-tower steel box girder cable-stayed bridge. In this study, the construction cable forces are treated as optimization variables, while the reliability of displacements at both the main girder section and the tower’s top section serve as the optimization objectives and constraint conditions. Under the premise of ensuring structural reliability, the accurate tolerance range for the stay cable forces during the construction phase of the cable-stayed bridge is obtained. The results indicate that the traditional PSO algorithm stabilizes after 26 iterations, whereas the hybrid intelligent algorithm reaches stability after just 13 iterations. In addition, the hybrid algorithm shows a significant increase in the objective function value during early iterations, demonstrating stronger optimization capability. This indicates that the optimization method exhibits better convergence and superior global optimization capability. It effectively improves the compatibility and controllability of the cable-stayed bridge construction process while simplifying the computational process.
Agile Construction Digital Twin Engineering
Authors: Zech Philipp , Jäger Alexandra , Schneiderbauer Larissa , Exenberger Hans , Fröch Georg , Flora Matthias
Published: January 2025

Digital twins have attracted a lot of attention recently. However, the current manifestations are merely digital shadows, lacking means for bidirectional data exchange, which makes their use for assisting the construction of buildings much more difficult. We argue that this is due to the lack of a systematic process for developing a digital twin during a building’s life cycle. We argue to look for a solution by combining agile engineering with IT change management to establish an agile, change-driven process for engineering digital twins. Such a process, of course, deserves a qualitative assessment of the engineering process and the resulting digital twin. In the future, it should be possible to obtain a digital twin from a BIM-based design process by applying IT change management in an agile manner. This should happen under maximum automation and life cycle orientation. Our proposal is motivated by several years of interdisciplinary collaboration between civil engineering and computer science and evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model. While the TAM is not specifically designed for digital twin methodologies, its application here aims to assess perceived usefulness and ease of use of DT methodologies from the user’s perspective, without addressing scalability concerns. This aims to provide actionable insights to guide the refinement of the process model, aligning it with user requirements and achieving its intended outcomes. Our evaluation confirms the proposed process’s perceived usefulness and ease of use, with robust correlations indicating strong acceptance potential among stakeholders. These results highlight the feasibility of the proposed approach and its alignment with expectations in real-world applications.
Evaluating the Acoustic Absorption of Modular Vegetation Systems: Laboratory and Field Assessments Using an Impedance Gun
Authors: Oquendo-Di Cosola Valentina , Navacerrada María Ángeles , Ruiz-García Luis , Olivieri Francesca
Published: January 2025

Introducing vegetation is an effective strategy for improving air quality and mitigating the heat island effect. Green modules, which consist of modules that support substrates and various plant species, integrate these elements. This study analyzes the acoustic absorption properties of a specific green wall module using an impedance gun and the Scan and Paint method for laboratory and on-site measurements. The impedance gun method is effective for in situ analysis, offering advantages over standardized techniques for inhomogeneous samples. The sound absorption coefficient of the substrate and the effects of different plant species were measured. Key findings reveal that the substrate primarily influences sound absorption, with its coefficient increasing with frequency, similar to porous materials. Vegetation enhances the acoustic absorption of the substrate, depending on coverage and thickness, with 80–90% of absorption attributed to the substrate and 4–20% to vegetation. However, not all dense plant species improve absorption; some configurations may decrease it. Improvement correlates with substrate coverage and vegetation layer thickness, while the impact of plant morphology remains unclear. These findings confirm vegetation’s potential as an acoustic absorption tool in urban settings. Additionally, green walls can enhance acoustic comfort in indoor environments such as offices and schools by reducing reverberation. They also improve air quality and provide aesthetic appeal, making them a multifunctional solution for modern architecture.
Schedula Anima: Dynamic Visualization of Gantt Charts and Resource Usage Graphs in Project Scheduling
Authors: Maravas Alexander , Pantouvakis John-Paris
Published: January 2025

Scheduling is essential in managing projects. ‘Schedula Anima’ is a new software designed to provide a comprehensive view of schedules between early and late dates for construction project managers. Capturing the dynamic nature of projects, it offers improved visualization through an animation process that creates incremental frames of bar charts and the corresponding resource graphs. As activity delays are simulated, it is observed that delays earlier in the schedule have more significant effects on project completion. A new prioritization method is introduced to evaluate the ease of rescheduling activities. A metric for monitoring resource usage float is presented, and the search space for resource utilization is delineated. As resource smoothing is studied in the resource usage graph and the time domain, a correlation is discovered between resource smoothness and the float consumption rate. It is shown that the schedule and resource usage graph comprises five sub-areas representing different risk exposures. Animation also improves communication in project teams and is beneficial in education. Finally, it is discovered that the permutations of activities in the simulation form a group. Enhancing our perception of resource utilization and the management of delays, ‘Schedula Anima’ brings a renewed perspective to project scheduling.
Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Ovarian Cancer: Incidence, Mechanisms, and Impact Across Treatment Regimens
Authors: Gaumond Simonetta I. , Beraja Gabriela E. , Kamholtz Isabella , Ferrari Lina M. , Mahmoud Rami H. , Jimenez Joaquin J.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women, with an estimated 19,680 new cases projected in 2024. Adjuvant chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for epithelial ovarian cancers but is frequently associated with adverse events, such as chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). CIA is a particularly distressing side effect that significantly affects the body image, self-esteem, and quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, CIA remains underexplored in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: This scoping review analyzed PubMed- and EMBASE-indexed studies investigating the incidence, severity, and mechanisms of CIA in ovarian cancer patients. Eighteen studies were included for analysis. Results: Our analysis identified platinum-based compounds, taxanes, and topoisomerase I inhibitors as the agents most strongly correlated with severe alopecia, particularly in combination regimens such as carboplatin–paclitaxel (CP), and cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cisplatin (CAP). Among the monotherapies, taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, posed the highest risk of CIA. Mild-to-moderate alopecia was observed in patients treated with gemcitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Alternative factors such as dosing schedules and prior chemotherapy exposure also significantly influence CIA severity. Conclusions: Given the profound psychosocial impact of CIA, optimizing treatment protocols to reduce the severity of alopecia without compromising therapeutic efficacy is crucial. These findings offer insights that may guide future therapeutic strategies for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Cumulative Burden of Lifestyle Risk Factors on Cancer in Older Korean Men: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Hee Joon , Kim Seung Hee , Kim Ye-Jee , Kim Young Sik , Kim Jung Hwan , Sung Min Kyu , Kang Seo Young
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cancer prevalence is increasing globally due to aging populations. Certain lifestyles are associated with cancer; however, the long-term combined effects of lifestyle factors on cancer has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of lifestyle risk factors over 8 years on cancer in older Korean men. Methods: We assessed 64,756 men aged ≥65 years at the baseline year (2008–2009) using data from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort. Lifestyle factors, including smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, were evaluated over four consecutive phases (2002–2003, 2004–2005, 2006–2007, and 2008–2009) of health check-ups, and each participant’s overall lifestyle risk score was calculated after considering the value of a single poor lifestyle factor in each phase as 1, with a cumulative score ranging between 0 and 12. According to the lifestyle risk scores, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results: Of the 64,756 men, 13,130 cases of cancer developed. The risk of cancer increased as the number of poor lifestyle factors and lifestyle risk score increased from the baseline year during the four phases. Compared to a score of 0–2, the HRs for cancer were 1.10 (0.98–1.23), 1.54 (1.37–1.73), and 1.72 (1.48–1.99) for scores of 3–5, 6–8, and 9–12, respectively. Conclusions: The risk of cancer increased as the cumulative burden of poor lifestyle habits over 8 years increased. Therefore, practicing and maintaining healthy lifestyles is crucial to preventing cancer in older Korean men.
The Role of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Insights, Clinical Implications, and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Takeda Mitsunobu , Yoshida Shoma , Inoue Takuya , Sekido Yuki , Hata Tsuyoshi , Hamabe Atsushi , Ogino Takayuki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Uemura Mamoru , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with KRAS mutations occurring in 30–40% of cases, contributing to poor prognosis and resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. This review explores the biological significance, clinical implications, and therapeutic targeting of KRAS mutations in CRC. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and clinical trials was performed, highlighting the role of KRAS mutations in CRC pathogenesis, their impact on prognosis, and recent advancements in targeted therapies. Specific attention was given to emerging therapeutic strategies and resistance mechanisms. Results: KRAS mutations drive tumor progression through persistent activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These mutations influence the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cell formation, macropinocytosis, and cell competition. KRAS-mutant CRC exhibits poor responsiveness to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and demonstrates primary and acquired resistance to KRAS inhibitors. Recent breakthroughs include the development of KRAS G12C inhibitors (sotorasib and adagrasib) and promising agents targeting G12D mutations. However, response rates in CRC remain suboptimal compared to other cancers, necessitating combination therapies and novel approaches, such as vaccines, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, and macropinocytosis inhibitors. Conclusions: KRAS mutations are central to CRC pathogenesis and present a significant therapeutic challenge. Advances in KRAS-targeted therapies offer hope for improved outcomes, but resistance mechanisms and organ-specific differences limit efficacy. Continued efforts in personalized treatment strategies and translational research are critical for overcoming these challenges and improving patient survival.
Impact of Membranous Nectin-4 on Outcomes of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Hsueh Fu-Jen , Wang Chung-Chieh , Guo Jhe-Cyuan , Chueh Shih-Chieh , Tsai Yu-Chieh
Published: January 2025

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is a highly aggressive malignancy [...]
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization of the ORA (Olfactory Receptor Class A) Gene Family, and Potential Roles in Bile Acid and Pheromone Recognition in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: Dong Xiaoru , Lv Maolin , Zeng Ming , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Jiale , Liang Xu-Fang
Published: January 2025

The ORA (olfactory receptor class A) gene family in teleosts is related to the V1R (vomeronasal 1 receptors) family in mammals and plays a key role in odor detection. Although ORA genes have been identified in several teleosts, their characteristics in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) have not been explored. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of the mandarin fish and discovered a complete ORA gene family consisting of five members located on chromosome 2 (ORA1, ORA2, ORA3, ORA4) and chromosome 16 (ORA6). Phylogenetic, synteny, and gene structure analyses revealed typical exon–intron conservation with strong evidence of purifying selection. Tissue expression analysis showed distinct expression profiles for each ORA gene, with some showing sexual dimorphism in specific tissues. The expression of ORA1 and ORA2 in the olfactory epithelium exhibits sexual dimorphism, while ORA3 shows sexual dimorphism in the brain. In situ hybridization confirmed that ORA1, ORA2, ORA3, and ORA6 are expressed in the microvillar sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, while ORA4 is expressed in crypt cells. Additionally, molecular docking simulations indicated that the five ORA proteins have a high binding affinity with seven bile acids (LAC, GLAC, CA, TLCA, 3-KLCA, 7-KLCA, and 12-KLCA), with ORAs showing stronger binding affinity with LCA and CA. This study comprehensively characterizes the ORA gene family in mandarin fish, examining its phylogeny, synteny, gene structure, and selection pressure. Furthermore, we found that each ORA displays a distinct expression pattern across multiple tissues, with notable sexual dimorphism, and shows potential binding interactions with specific bile acids and pheromones. Our findings provide valuable insights that enhance the overall understanding of fish ORAs and their potential functions.
Correction: Richards et al. Indian Ornamental Tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) Venom Affects Myoblast Function and Causes Skeletal Muscle Damage. Cells 2023, 12, 2074
Authors: Richards Nicholas J. , Alqallaf Ali , Mitchell Robert D. , Parnell Andrew , Haidar Husain Bin , Almeida José R. , Williams Jarred , Vijayakumar Pradeep , Balogun Adedoyin , Matsakas Antonios , Trim Steven A. , Patel Ketan , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Electrochemical Sensor for Cu(II) Based on Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with a Rationally Designed Schiff Base
Authors: Tamborelli Alejandro , López Mujica Michael , Servetti Gustavo , Venegas-Yazigi Diego , Hermosilla-Ibáñez Patricio , Dalmasso Pablo , Rivas Gustavo
Published: January 2025

This work proposes a new strategy for the electrochemical quantification of Cu(II) using glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified with a nanohybrid of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-covalently functionalized with a rationally designed Schiff base containing different groups (SB-dBA). The principle of sensing was the complexation of Cu(II) by the Schiff base that supports the MWCNTs at the open-circuit potential, followed by a reduction step at −0.600 V and further linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV) in a 0.200 M acetate buffer solution of pH 5.00. The linear range goes from 10 to 200 μg L−1, with a sensitivity of (0.79 ± 0.07) µA L µg−1 (R2 = 0.991), a detection limit of 3.3 μg L−1, and a reproducibility of 8.0% for the same nanohybrid (nine electrodes) and 9.0% for four different nanohybrids. The proposed sensor was very selective for Cu(II) even in the presence of Pb(II), Fe(II), As(III), Cr(III), Cd(II), and Hg(II), and it was successfully used for the quantification of Cu(II) in different water samples (tap, groundwater, and river) without any pretreatment.
Implementing an Analytical Model to Elucidate the Impacts of Nanostructure Size and Topology of Morphologically Diverse Zinc Oxide on Gas Sensing
Authors: Gupta Sanju , Zou Haiyang
Published: January 2025

The development of state-of-the-art gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) to monitor hazardous and greenhouse gas (e.g., methane, CH4, and carbon dioxide, CO2) has been significantly advanced. Moreover, the morphological and topographical structures of MOSs have significantly influenced the gas sensors by means of surface catalytic activities. This work examines the impact of morphological and topological networked assembly of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, including microparticles and nanoparticles (0D), nanowires and nanorods (1D), nanodisks (2D), and hierarchical networks of tetrapods (3D). Gas sensors consisting of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (ZnO–NR) and topologically interconnected tetrapods (T–ZnO) of varying diameter and arm thickness synthesized using aqueous phase deposition and flame transport method on interdigitated Pt electrodes are evaluated for methane detection. Smaller-diameter nanorods and tetrapod arms (nanowire-like), having higher surface-to-volume ratios with reasonable porosity, exhibit improved sensing behavior. Interestingly, when the nanorods’ diameter and interconnected tetrapod arm thickness were comparable to the width of the depletion layer, a significant increase in sensitivity (from 2 to 30) and reduction in response/recovery time (from 58 s to 5.9 s) resulted, ascribed to rapid desorption of analyte species. Additionally, nanoparticles surface-catalyzed with Pd (~50 nm) accelerated gas sensing and lowered operating temperature (from 200 °C to 50 °C) when combined with UV photoactivation. We modeled the experimental findings using a modified general formula for ZnO methane sensors derived from the catalytic chemical reaction between methane molecules and oxygen ions and considered the structural surface-to-volume ratios (S/V) and electronic depletion region width (Ld) applicable to other gas sensors (e.g., SnO2, TiO2, MoO3, and WO3). Finally, the effects of UV light excitation reducing detection temperature help to break through the bottleneck of ZnO-based materials as energy-saving chemiresistors and promote applications relevant to environmental and industrial harmful gas detection.
The Otoacoustic Emissions in the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening: A Scoping Review Update on the African Data (2004 to 2024)
Authors: Hatzopoulos Stavros , Cardinali Ludovica , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Zimatore Giovanna
Published: January 2025

Background: The reported data on African universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) practices tend to be quite scarce, despite the developments in hearing screening the last two decades. The objective of this systematic review was (a) to identify the most recent (in a 20-year span) literature information about NHS/UNHS programs in Africa and (b) to provide data on the procedures used to assess the population, the intervention policies, and on the estimated prevalence of congenital hearing loss with an emphasis on bilateral hearing loss cases. Methods: Queries were conducted via the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for the time window of 2004–2024. The mesh terms used were “OAE”, “universal neonatal hearing screening”, “congenital hearing loss”, “well babies”, and “Africa”. Only research articles and review papers were considered as good candidates. The standard English language filter was not used, to identify information from non-English-speaking scientific communities and groups. Results: Data from 15 papers were considered, reflecting the neonatal hearing practices of nine African states. No country-wide NHS programs were reported. The various screening realities are implemented within big urban centers, leaving the residents of rural areas unassisted. For the latter, proposals based on tele-medicine protocols have been suggested. The data on HL prevalence are also incomplete, but the available data refer to rates from 3 to 360 subjects per 1000. These data cannot be taken at face value but within the small sample size context in which they were acquired. Regarding the causes of HL, very few data have been reported; consanguinity is the most attributed factor, at least in the Sub-Saharan African states. For the majority of the programs, no data were reported on hearing loss prevalence/incidence or on any strategies to restore hearing. Conclusions: The information on the African neonatal hearing screening are quite scarce, and it is an urgent need to convince audiologists from the African localized programs to publish their hearing screening data.
Profiling Cognitive and Social Functioning in a Small Cohort with Malan Syndrome
Authors: Butti Niccolò , Urgesi Cosimo , Alfieri Paolo , Priolo Manuela , Montirosso Rosario
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Malan syndrome (MALNS) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder caused by aberrations in the NFIX gene, located at chromosome 19p13.2. Key features of MALNS include general overgrowth, a typical facial gestalt, muscle–skeletal abnormalities, speech difficulties and intellectual disability. Additionally, MALNS frequently presents with autism-like behaviour and social challenges. However, characterisation of the cognitive profile of MALNS, including social perception skills, is limited. Methods: Six children and adolescents with MALNS, whose clinical and emotional–behavioural features had been described in previous studies, were assessed by means of a single, co-normed neuropsychological battery covering multiple cognitive domains. Results: Consistent with their intellectual disability, performance was generally weak across all neuropsychological subtests. Nonetheless, memory for faces, visual attention and contextual (non-verbal) theory of mind emerged as relative strengths of the profile, both at group and individual levels. Conversely, tasks requiring verbal reasoning and language comprehension, such as comprehension of instructions and verbal theory of mind, represented weaknesses for all participants. Conclusions: These findings provide a further characterisation of cognitive and social functioning in MALNS, which can inform future research as well as clinical practice and rehabilitation
Bridging the Gap in FDA Approval for Pediatric Neuromodulation Devices
Authors: Shaikhouni Ammar , Brandon Cameron , Criss Cory
Published: January 2025

While neuromodulation devices for managing neurological conditions have significantly advanced, there remains a substantial gap in FDA-approved devices specifically designed for pediatric patients. Devices like deep brain stimulators (DBS), vagus nerve stimulators (VNS), and spinal cord stimulators (SCS) are primarily approved for adults, with few options for children. To meet pediatric needs, off-label use is common; however, unique challenges to pediatric device development—such as ethical concerns, small trial populations, and financial disincentives due to the limited market size—continue to hinder progress. This review examines these barriers to pediatric neuromodulation device development and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval, as well as the current efforts, such as FDA initiatives and consortia support, that address regulatory and financial challenges. Furthermore, we discuss pathways like the Humanitarian Device Exemptions and Real-World Evidence programs that aim to streamline the approval process and address unmet clinical needs in pediatric care. Addressing these barriers could expand access to effective neuromodulation treatments and improve patient care.
Sensitive Mechanism and Instability Modeling Methods of Flexible Sensing Films Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Wang Guishan , Yang Can , Liu Bowen , Zou Xinlei , Yu Chengguo
Published: January 2025

This paper examines sensing mechanisms and stability issues of flexible sensors used in morphing wing applications. A key challenge is the lack of theoretical frameworks that accurately predict sensor behavior during complex deformation. Current models struggle to fully capture the relationships between mechanical strain, electrical response, and material properties. We first analyze the microscopic mechanisms and macroscopic sensing characteristics of 2D material-based sensitive films, developing strain-sensitive models based on crack effects and pressure-sensitive models based on slip effects. Through power spectrum analysis, we establish a quantitative model linking microscopic cracks to macroscopic electrical properties. Using this model, we study the factors affecting flexible sensing stability and propose a quantitative description model using dual-layer multi-channel flexible sensors. After simulation validation, our model successfully guides the structural design of flexible sensing films, offering a clear approach to improve flexible sensor stability.
Simulation-Based Studies on FAGeI3-Based Lead (Pb2+)-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Saood , Ahmad Khursheed , Khan Rais Ahmad , Kumar Praveen
Published: January 2025

In the recent reports, it is clear that lead-free perovskite materials with low band gaps are desirable candidates for photovoltaic cells. In this regard, it was observed that germanium (Ge) is a less toxic lead-free metal that is significant for the preparation of Ge-based perovskite materials. Ge-based perovskite materials, for example, methyl ammonium germanium iodide (MAGeI3), cesium germanium iodide (CsGeI3), and/or formamidinium germanium iodide (FAGeI3) may be the suitable absorber materials and alternatives towards the fabrication of lead-free photovoltaic cells. In the past few years, few attempts were made to develop FAGeI3-based perovskite solar cells, but their photovoltaic performance is still under limitations. This is indicating that some significant and effective strategies should be designed and developed for the construction of Ge-based perovskite solar cells. It is believed that optimization of layer thickness, device structure, and selection of a suitable electron transport layer (ETL) may improve the photovoltaic performance of FAGeI3-based perovskite solar cells. Solar cell capacitance simulation, i.e., SCAPS is one of the promising software programs that can provide significant theoretical findings for the development of FAGeI3-based perovskite solar cells. The simulation studies via SCAPS may benefit researchers to save their energy and high cost for the optimization process in the laboratories. In this research article, SCAPS was adopted as a simulation tool for the theoretical investigations of FAGeI3-based perovskite solar cells. The simulation studies exhibited the excellent efficiency of 15.62% via SCAPS. This study proposed the optimized device structure of FTO/TiO2/FAGeI3/PTAA/Au with enhanced photovoltaic performance.
Patient-Reported Perception of Exercise and Receptiveness to Mobile Technology in Cancer Survivors Living in Rural and Remote Areas
Authors: Filion Myriam , Yoon Saunjoo L. , Franks Becky , Godfrey Dea’vion , McClean Carina , Bespalec Jackson , Maslowski Erin , Wilkie Diana J. , Schwartz Anna L.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Cancer survivors in rural and underserved areas face barriers such as limited access to oncology exercise programs and limited facilities, contributing to health inequities in cancer survivorship. This study explored cancer survivors’ thoughts on exercise and mobile technology for exercising with a mobile application (app) during and after treatment in rural and remote areas. Methods: Three online focus groups were conducted in February 2024 using semi-structured interviews with 12 open-ended questions. Eligible participants were adult cancer survivors or caregivers living in medically underserved areas, English-speaking, consented to being audiotaped, and attended one 60-min group interview. The discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via a content analysis approach with consensus. Results: Fifteen participants attended from four States. None of the participants were advised to exercise; availability of exercise resources depended on geographic location and a cancer-specific exercise app was desired. They understood the benefits of exercise after diagnosis but expressed a need for more guidance during treatment. Geographic location shaped their activities, with most engaging in daily physical tasks rather than structured exercise. Most participants were receptive to using an exercise app to manage fatigue. Suggested key features to exercise with an app included live trainers, exercise checklists, visual benchmarks, and programs tailored to different fitness levels. Conclusions: These results emphasize the need for personalized resources, guidance, and on-demand accessibility to an exercise oncology app. A cancer-specific exercise mobile app will mitigate health inequities for cancer survivors residing in rural and remote areas.
Anatomical Study of the Palmaris Longus Muscle and Its Clinical Importance
Authors: Al Risi Abdul-Malik , Al Busaidi Sara , Al Aufi Hamood , Al Hashmi Lubna , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao , Das Srijit
Published: January 2025

Background: The palmaris longus (PL) is a long, thin muscle in the forearm’s flexor compartment, known for its variations. The present study aimed to study the PL muscle in Omani medical students and its correlation with grip strength. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted among 240 medical students (120 males, 120 females) at Sultan Qaboos University, comprising 480 upper limbs. Participants were between 18 and 25 years old and had no history of forearm surgery. We considered 480 upper limbs irrespective of left or right side, and our main aim was to compare the grip strength according to the presence or absence of PL. We assessed the presence of the PL muscle using Schaeffer’s Test and Pushpakumar’s test and measured the grip strength using the CAMRY digital hand dynamometer. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and independent t-tests. Results: The PL was present in 92.50% of the subjects (irrespective of side), with a higher prevalence in the females. The PL was absent in 24 (10.00%) males and 12 (5.00%) females, respectively. Average grip strength was 21.4 ± 5.25 kg in females and 40.92 ± 7.79 kg in males without considering PL presence or absence. If PL was present, then the mean grip strength was 30.84 ± 11.71 kg, and if the PL was absent, then the mean grip strength was 35.05 ± 12.44 kg. However, the p-value did not show any significant differences (p = 0.057). Conclusions: The PL is highly prevalent, especially in females, and its absence does not significantly affect grip strength. Hence, PL may be used for successful reconstructive surgeries without affecting hand function.
Volumetric Evaluation of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Dense PTFE (d-PTFE) Membranes Intentionally Exposed to the Oral Cavity After Immediate Implant Placement—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dayube Ulisses R. C. , Asbi Thabet , Formiga Marcio , Groisman Eduardo , Bortoli João Paulo , Lima Fernando G. , Mayer Yaniv , Haim Doron , Meinster Isabelle , Gabay Eran , A. Shibli Jamil
Published: January 2025

Background: Tooth loss causes alveolar bone resorption, which may hinder the ability of implant placement. Socket preservation with immediate implant placement is one of the methods used to reduce bone resorption. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the influence of the use of dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes on alveolar preservation after tooth extraction and with the installation of immediate dental implants. Methods: In this retrospective study, one hundred and four patients were divided into two groups: immediate implant and gap filling with heterogenous bone graft (control group, 52 patients) or immediate implant, gap filling with heterogenous bone graft, and covering with a d-PTFE membrane with dimensions of 12 × 24 mm, which was intentionally left exposed to the oral cavity (test group, 52 patients). Tomographic data were obtained before and 12 months after the surgical procedures. Results: The membranes exposed in the oral cavity showed no infection. Volumetric analyses revealed a statistically significant difference in alveolar ridge resorption for the control and d-PTFE groups, 16.75% and 4.55%, respectively. Conclusions: Intentionally exposed d-PTFE membranes showed minimal complications. Based on the volumetric results, alveolar ridge preservation with d-PTFE membranes was superior to the bone graft alone in immediate implant placement.