bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pride of Satellites in the Constellation Leo? Discovery of the Leo VI Milky Way Satellite Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy with DELVE Early Data Release 3
Authors: Tan C. Y. , Cerny W. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Pace A. B. , Geha M. , Ji A. P. , Li T. S. , Adamów M. , Anbajagane D. , Bom C. R. , Carballo-Bello J. A. , Carlin J. L. , Chang C. , Chaturvedi A. , Chiti A. , Choi Y. , Collins M. L. M. , Doliva-Dolinsky A. , Ferguson P. S. , Gruendl R. A. , James D. J. , Limberg G. , Navabi M. , Martínez-Delgado D. , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Medina G. E. , Mutlu-Pakdil B. , Nidever D. L. , Noël N. E. D. , Riley A. H. , Sakowska J. D. , Sand D. J. , Sharp J. , Stringfellow G. S. , Tolley C. , Tucker D. L. , Vivas A. K. ,   (DELVE Collaboration)
Published: January 2025

We report the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite in the constellation of Leo. This system was discovered as a spatial overdensity of resolved stars observed with Dark Energy Camera (DECam) data from an early version of the third data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration (or DELVE) survey. The low luminosity (

M

V

=
−
3.5

6

−
0.37

+
0.47

;

L

V

=
230

0

−
700

+
1200

L

⊙

), large size (

R

1
/
2

=
9

0

−
30

+
30

pc), and large heliocentric distance (

D
=
11

1

−
6

+
9

kpc) are all consistent with the population of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). Using Keck/DEIMOS observations of the system, we were able to spectroscopically confirm nine member stars, while measuring a tentative mass-to-light ratio of

70

0

−
500

+
1400

M

⊙

/

L

⊙

and a nonzero metallicity dispersion of

σ

[
Fe
/
H
]

=
0.1

9

−
0.11

+
0.14

, further confirming Leo VI’s identity as a UFD. While the system has a highly elliptical shape,

ϵ
=
0.5

4

−
0.29

+
0.19

, we do not find any conclusive evidence that it is tidally disrupting. Moreover, despite the apparent on-sky proximity of Leo VI to members of the proposed Crater-Leo infall group, its smaller heliocentric distance and inconsistent position in energy–angular momentum space make it unlikely that Leo VI is part of the proposed infall group.
The 100 pc White Dwarf Sample in the SDSS Footprint. II. A New Look at the Spectral Evolution of White Dwarfs
Authors: Kilic Mukremin , Bergeron Pierre , Blouin Simon , Moss Adam , Brown Warren R. , Bédard Antoine , Jewett Gracyn , Agüeros Marcel A.
Published: January 2025

We increase the spectroscopic completeness of the 100 pc white dwarf sample in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint with 840 additional spectra. Our spectroscopy is 86% complete for white dwarfs hotter than T
eff = 5000 K, where Hα remains visible and provides reliable constraints on the atmospheric composition. We identify 2108 DA white dwarfs with pure hydrogen atmospheres, and show that ultramassive DA white dwarfs with M ≥ 1.1 M
⊙ are an order of magnitude less common below 10,000 K. This is consistent with a fraction of them getting stuck on the crystallization sequence due to 22Ne distillation. In addition, there are no ultramassive DA white dwarfs with M ≥ 1.1M
⊙ and T
eff ≤ 6000 K in our sample, likely because Debye cooling makes them rapidly fade away. We detect a significant trend in the fraction of He atmosphere white dwarfs as a function of temperature; the fraction increases from 9% at 20,000 K to 32% at 6000 K. This provides direct evidence of convective mixing in cool DA white dwarfs. Finally, we detect a relatively tight sequence of low-mass DQ white dwarfs in color–magnitude diagrams for the first time. We discuss the implications of this tight DQ sequence, and conclude with a discussion of the future prospects from the upcoming Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite mission and the large-scale multi-fiber spectroscopic surveys.
Three new species of Australian miracine parasitoid wasps collected by regional schools as part of the Insect Investigators citizen science project (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Miracinae)
Authors: Slater-Baker Mollie-Rosae , Guzik Michelle , Rodriguez Juanita , Howe Andy , Woodward Alice , Ducker Nathan , Fagan-Jeffries Erinn
Published: January 2025

Miracinae is a poorly known and rarely collected subfamily of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Braconidae. Here, three new species are described from material collected by Australian regional schools as part of the Insect Investigators citizen science project and named in collaboration with students: Mirax supremus Slater-Baker, sp. nov., Mirax ceduna Slater-Baker, sp. nov. and Mirax kaatijan Slater-Baker, sp. nov. The barcoding region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was obtained for each new species and analysed alongside all publicly available COI DNA barcodes for Miracinae on the Barcode of Life Database, to produce a molecular framework to guide species delimitation and efficient morphological examination. Full morphological descriptions are provided along with high quality images for each new species. A key to described Australian Miracinae is provided.
Le souverainisme de l’État Sahélien à l’épreuve du défi sécuritaire : le cas du Burkina Faso
Authors: Loada Augustin
Published: January 2025

Le présent article cherche à expliquer les raisons de la rhétorique souverainiste constatée dans les États du Sahel central dirigés par des juntes militaro-civiles, à travers l’exemple du Burkina Faso. Il montre que ces juntes, après s’être engagées à conduire des transitions démocratiques courtes ont par la suite fait de la souverainet é, une arme politique en vue de la conservation et de l’exercice absolutiste du pouvoir d’État, rompant ainsi, sur le plan géopolitique, avec les puissances occidentales et les valeurs démocratiques.
L’éclosion de la violence comme signe de la perversion du système politique
Authors: Milacic Slobodan
Published: January 2025

La violence éclate partout dans le monde ; le constat est dramatique pour les systèmes politiques, tant ceux de « l’Occident collectif » que du « Sud Global », y compris ceux du continent africain, qui ont pour vocation primordiale la paix sociale. Le phénomène de violence semble miner notamment les démocraties pluralistes « en crises » conjoncturelles, pratiquement continues, bien qu’alternatives ou successives, sans avoir l’air de menacer le système en tant que tel, dans sa globalité. Pourtant ce sont des déséquilibres structurels et leurs dynamiques péjoratives qui donnent au problème ses aspects dramatiques, à la longue. Les plus menacées sont les démocraties « en transition » et les « démocraties historiques voire en post-modernité ». Le système politique, y compris dans sa composante constitutionnelle en place, ne paraît pas en mesure de limiter avec efficacité, la violence qui, structurellement, monte en puissance. La violence accompagne, désormais, les principaux temps forts de la vie et des décisions politiques et systémiques. Les sociétés ne peuvent pas subsister durablement avec le chaos de la violence, plus ou moins « sauvage », sans un système organisationnel qui l’encadre. Il faut s’interroger sur cet aspect de « l’accélération de l’histoire » qui comporte une forte dose de menaces existentielles.
Minimax regret et jeu de demande 11-20
Authors: Umbhauer Gisèle
Published: January 2025

Le jeu de demande 11-20 d’Arad et Rubinstein stimule naturellement un comportement conforme au raisonnement de niveau -k. Nous montrons, dans une version généralisée de ce jeu, que le minimax regret joue également un rôle significatif dans le comportement induit et que la stratégie mixte de minimax regret mime le raisonnement de niveau -k, dès lors que le nombre de joueurs de niveau -k dans une population chute avec k. Nous montrons également qu’il existe, pour cette famille de jeux, un lien original entre la stratégie mixte de minimax regret et l’équilibre de Nash en stratégies mixtes, et nous comparons les paiements obtenus avec les deux concepts. Classification JEL : C72.
L’autoprotection influence-t-elle les choix d’assurance des individus ? Une étude expérimentale
Authors: Plantier Morgane , Mouminoux Claire , Rullière Jean-Louis
Published: January 2025

À l’aide d’une expérimentation en laboratoire, cette étude compare les choix individuels en matière d’assurance, en fonction de la présence, ou non, d’une option d’autoprotection permettant de diminuer la probabilité de perte. Les résultats montrent que la possibilité d’engager un effort d’autoprotection, a posteriori, encourage les assurés à choisir des niveaux de couverture plus faibles, révélant ainsi leur préférence pour l’autoprotection par rapport à l’assurance. Cependant, les résultats indiquent également une incohérence dans les choix des individus puisque cet attrait pour l’option d’autoprotection ne se traduit finalement pas par davantage d’efforts d’autoprotection. Classification JEL : D81, C91, D91.
Traitement oral de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine : faisabilité dans les communautés du littoral Guinéen
Authors: Kagbadouno Moïse , Camara Mariame Layba , Kourouma Ansoumane , Diallo Mamadou Baîlo , Soumah Alseny M’Mah , Camara Oumou , Mutumbo Wilfried , Ngolo Digas , Lubukulu Génèse , Musawu Yannick , Ilboudo Hamidou , Bart Jean Mathieu , Camara Mamadou , Kokolomami Jack
Published: January 2025

Objectif : Évaluer la faisabilité du lancement du nouveau médicament contre la THA et son utilisation dans les trois foyers endémiques de Guinée. Méthodologie : Une étude transversale analytique a été réalisée pour évaluer la faisabilité de cette mise en route dans les foyers de Boffa, Dubréka et Forécariah situés sur le littoral Guinéen. Résultats : Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que (i) près d’un répondant sur trois 27,5 % avait une bonne connaissance sur le mode de transmission de la THA, (ii) la moitié des répondants 49,6 % avait entendu parler d’un nouveau traitement de la THA. La grande majorité de répondants reconnaissait qu’il a les avantages de ne pas nécessiter de ponction lombaire 61,4 % et d’être gratuit 38,6 %. Presque tous les répondants accepteraient volontiers un traitement oral de la THA 99,3 % et seraient prêts à le prendre même à domicile 98,3 %. Beaucoup parmi eux se sentiraient moins stigmatisés en suivant ce traitement. Conclusion : Bien que les connaissances requises, l’attitude favorable, et les pratiques disposant à l’adoption de ce nouveau traitement aient été différentes en fonction du site d’étude et du niveau de scolarisation, les répondants ont largement indiqué qu’ils adopteraient ce nouveau traitement avec confiance.
Planar Turán number of double star $ S_{3, 4} $
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Xu , Shao Jiawei
Published: January 2025

Planar Turán number, denoted by $ \mathrm{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n, H) $, is the maximum number of edges in an $ n $-vertex planar graph which does not contain $ H $ as a subgraph. Ghosh, Győri, Paulos and Xiao initiated the topic of the planar Turán number for double stars. There were two double stars $ S_{3, 4} $ and $ S_{3, 5} $ that remained unknown. In this paper, we give the exact value of $ \mathrm{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n, S_{3, 4}) $.
Blow-up criterion for the 3-D inhomogeneous incompressible viscoelastic rate-type fluids with stress-diffusion
Authors: Wang Xi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the blow-up criterion of an evolutionary partial differential equation system controlling the flows of incompressible viscoelastic rate-type fluids with stress-diffusion, where the extra stress tensor describing the elastic response of the fluid is purely spherical. By utilizing this criterion, the global well-posedness of the system can be readily obtained. Despite being a physical simplification, this model exhibits features that necessitate novel mathematical approaches to tackle the technically complex structure of the associated internal energy, as well as the more complicated forms of the corresponding entropy and energy fluxes. The paper provides the first rigorous proof of the existence of a global solution to the model under small initial data.
La política de depósitos del Museo Nacional del Prado (1819-1919): inventario de ausencias
Authors: Guilarte Calderón de la Barca Celia
Published: January 2025

La descentralización artística es un fenómeno que tiene más de antiguo que de nuevo y la historia del Museo del Prado así lo ilustra. Variable, azaroso y casual, el Prado Disperso nació de la adhesión del Museo de la Trinidad en el siglo xix y fue creciendo a la sombra de la gran pinacoteca, entendido como un no-museo lleno de contradicciones. Lejos de los aspectos puramente administrativos, este texto analiza el tema desde dos perspectivas diferentes, pero profundamente entrelazadas: la artístico-museística y la político-institucional.
La escultura de Alberto para el Pabellón Español de la Exposición Internacional de París (1937): Forma, color y significado
Authors: Cano Díaz Emiliano
Published: January 2025

La desaparición de El pueblo español tiene un camino que conduce a una estrella tras la clausura de la Exposición Internacional de París en 1937 ha dificultado históricamente el estudio de esta mítica escultura, la obra de mayor relevancia creada por el escultor Alberto Sánchez (1895-1962). Este artículo, precedido de una intensa búsqueda documental, recoge nuevos datos sobre su realización, que incluyen aspectos relativos a su forma, su color y su significado. Las nuevas averiguaciones vienen asimismo a discutir algunos aspectos de la reproducción de la escultura original, emplazada desde 2001 frente a la entrada del Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía en Madrid.
Prehispanic Settlement and Mobility in the Sama Valley, Tacna
Authors: Baitzel Sarah I. , Rivera Infante Arturo F.
Published: January 2025

Nestled between archaeological hotspots in southern Peru and northern Chile, the Sama Valley has only recently become the focus of intensive archaeological research, providing valuable context for the regional culture history and elucidating diachronic processes dating from the Archaic to the colonial period. This article synthesizes current research by the Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica Valle de Sama in relation to earlier research conducted in the valley, highlighting the importance of complementary analytical scales and methodologies. The archaeology of the Sama Valley reveals complex local dynamics of continuity and change related to human mobility and resource use, including episodes of colonization driven by state expansion and political collapse shaped by the valley’s ecology and landscapes.
Coexistence, contacts and conflicts in the precordillera of Tacna during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1100-1450)
Authors: Housse Romuald
Published: January 2025

The precordillera of Tacna, between the communities of Sitajara and Tarata, has long had the reputation of being a zone of cohabitation between local, altiplano and coastal populations. However, this scheme, mostly based upon ethnohistorical data, appears to be at odds with several lines of archaeological evidence and with the wider emphases on conflict during the Late Intermediate Period (LIP). In this article, based on the study of the pre-Inca fortified settlements and associated ceramic styles, I outline the modalities of exchange or communication that likely existed between different populations in the area. I also explore the strategies established by the pre-Hispanic populations for the management, the control and defense of the territory.
Reflexiones sobre los procesos de patrimonialización de los caminos antiguos en los Andes colombianos
Authors: Bernal Vélez Alejandro
Published: January 2025

El artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el estudio de los caminos prehispánicos y coloniales de los Andes colombianos y sobre las distintas dinámicas, ideas, valores, actores e instituciones que entran en juego en sus procesos de patrimonialización. Se parte de la exploración de algunos conceptos actuales sobre el abordaje de las cuestiones patrimoniales y se describe el tratamiento que se le ha dado a algunos casos regionales de caminos, como objeto de estudio académico y como parte del ámbito de la conservación y la valoración patrimonial en Colombia. Se argumenta que en esta nación andina existen relativamente pocas referencias sobre el tema de los caminos en arqueología y que esta escasez tiene repercusiones en las formas como se ha abordado su entendimiento como bienes patrimoniales.
Rutas de extracción. Caminos antiguos, comunidades, arqueología y Estado en Bolivia
Authors: Villanueva Juan
Published: January 2025

Este artículo presenta algunos discursos que emergen de las relaciones materiales entre los caminos antiguos y diferentes agentes sociales en Bolivia. Se relatan ejemplos sobre la relación intersubjetiva entre las comunidades locales bolivianas y los caminos, así como los discursos que construye la arqueología boliviana. Sin embargo, el análisis se concentra en el uso de los discursos patrimoniales por el Estado boliviano, que emplea selectivamente los discursos arqueológicos e invisibiliza los comunitarios. Se sostiene que el Estado usa la nominación UNESCO del Qhapaq Ñan como una fachada de ancestralidad e identidad para legitimar sus políticas, en donde los incas (1450-1530 d. C.) y su predecesor «boliviano», Tiwanaku (500-1100 d. C.), se presentan como Estados andinos que desplegaron caminos sobre valles, yungas, la Amazonía y el Chaco. Estos referentes pretéritos permiten justificar el extractivismo de recursos naturales y culturales —vía el turismo— que ejecuta el Estado boliviano desde sus centros urbanos, especialmente andinos. Las prácticas y discursos arqueológicos resultan funcionales al Estado en ambos sentidos, en desmedro de las relaciones comunitarias con sus caminos y pasados.
La crítica feminista antiextractivista del Qhapaq Ñan y la propuesta despatrimonializadora
Authors: Jofré Carina
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en los aportes conceptuales de nuestra crítica feminista antiextractivista de los procesos patrimoniales relativos a los itinerarios culturales. Sostengo que el Sistema Vial Andino Qhapaq Ñan es parte de los ajustes espacio-temporales que realiza la acumulación por desposesión en Sudamérica y también denuncio la violencia sexual configurada en esta matriz de poder patriarcal de los procesos patrimoniales neoextractivistas sucedidos en las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja, en el centro oeste y noroeste argentino. Ofrezco una interpretación del contexto neoextractivista que coadyuvó para que el Qhapaq Ñan se convirtiera en política de Estado en este país, sin dejar de subrayar la ausencia de una consulta previa libre e informada para pueblos indígenas (en el marco del Convenio N˚ 169 de la OIT), así como también las estrategias empleadas por los gestores patrimoniales del Qhapaq Ñan para instalar un relato colaboracionista con los indígenas. Por último, el artículo arriba a una propuesta de despatrimonialización, un horizonte utópico descentrado de la experiencia patrimonial moderna capitalista, orientado a la denuncia de la cosificación de la vida en todas sus formas.
Misanthropologie
Authors: Déléage Pierre
Published: January 2025

Fallait-il vraiment écrire, une fois encore, un article sur Cannibal Holocaust, film italien de sinistre réputation, réalisé par Ruggero Deodato en 1980 ?
A Study on Fostering Ethical and Moral Leadership to Combat Employee Cynicism at Work
Authors: Rao Patcha Bhujanga , Karuppannan A. , Maheswari Dama
Published: January 2025

This article's main goal is to raise readers' awareness of workplace cynicism. It has been observed that moral and ethical leadership can help counteract employee cynicism and foster excellent staff performance. This study's objective is to ascertain how leaders and employees contribute to the effort to lessen employee skepticism. The objectives are to detect and measure workplace cynicism among employees and to look at how this affects organizational pride. By using ethical and value-driven leadership techniques, cynicism in the workplace is reduced. This post aims to illustrate how managers might lessen employee skepticism. This study helps organisational leaders save time by assisting them in understanding the attitude of employee cynicism, which poses a severe threat to corporate goals. It also provides some moral leadership strategies for reducing employee skepticism.
Bringing Inclusivity for the Differently Abled Through Leadership and Innovation in Higher Educational Institutes
Authors: Saini Kartikay , Khan Nusrat , Khalique Fehmina
Published: January 2025

This article explores the necessity for HEIs to promote inclusiveness for the differently abled community with a focus on the leadership and innovation roles. HEIs need to adopt, embrace and embed inclusivity measures to cater to different needs of learners. Leadership forms a crucial force that initiates and continues inclusive practices, creating an environment of empathy, understanding, and support among the HEI communities. By promoting inclusive education, HEIs fulfil their ethical and moral responsibilities and support the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in areas of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). This article supports a comprehensive approach to inclusiveness in HEIs, regarding it as indispensable in attaining wider social development and sustainable progress. The article addresses the much-ignored and long-shed topic of addressing teaching-learning of the differently abled, in the higher education echelons.
Charting the Course of Leadership Through the Digital Era
Authors: Badada Bayissa , Delina G , Krishnaraj Ramaswamy , Thiruthuvanathan Michael Moses
Published: January 2025

This chapter aims to provide actionable strategies for empowering leaders in leveraging technology to amplify their leadership efficacy in contemporary business environments by employing extensive literature review and deep learning models, a method in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It investigates the effectiveness of three leadership approaches—Transformational, Transactional, and Servant Leadership—in meeting high-performance expectations within organizational contexts. The performance of these leadership styles based on their effectiveness scores have been analyzed using data analysis techniques and neural network models, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). Furthermore, Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs), have been utilized to visualize complex leadership dynamics. The findings from this comprehensive analysis provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each leadership approach, guiding strategic leadership development initiatives and organizational decision-making processes.
Human-AI Collaboration
Authors: Maharani Anita
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing environmental challenges while considering ethics as an important part of AI practices. This study also seeks to highlight the collaboration between AI and humans, which is beneficial in developing solutions that are considered effective and sustainable. The highlight of this study is that AI's offering of sophistication must also be accompanied by ethical guidelines. Therefore, the challenges of integrating AI with humans will be more apparent in terms of speed and creativity. This paper also provides several views that show that humans should not be too dependent on AI because it will potentially eliminate the element of “genuine humanity.”
Precision Agriculture
Authors: Ranjan Chikesh , Srinivas Jonnalagadda , Balaji P. S. , Kumar Kaushik
Published: January 2025

This chapter, “Precision Agriculture: Leveraging AI and Drones for Eco-Friendly Farming,” explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and drone technology on sustainable agriculture. It delves into how precision agriculture uses these advanced tools to enhance crop production and reduce environmental impacts. AI-driven algorithms and drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and sensors enable precise monitoring and management of crops, providing real-time insights into soil health, crop conditions, and pest infestations. This allows farmers to optimize resource usage and make informed irrigation, fertilization, and pest control decisions. The chapter also discusses these technologies' economic and ecological benefits, such as increased crop yields, reduced input costs, and lower environmental footprints, while addressing challenges like high initial costs and data privacy concerns. Through case studies and real-world applications, the chapter illustrates the practical benefits and future potential of AI and drones in promoting sustainable farming practices.
Smart Irrigation Systems Using AI to Optimize Water Usage
Authors: Belghachi Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Smart irrigation systems, using AI, machine learning, sensors, and IoT, revolutionize agricultural water management. These systems offer precise water usage tailored to crop needs and environmental conditions, addressing issues like water scarcity, growing agricultural demand, and sustainability. This chapter examines smart irrigation components, such as sensors, data analytics, weather forecasting, and automation, emphasizing AI's role in optimizing practices. It also highlights benefits like water conservation, improved yields, cost savings, and sustainability, supported by case studies in precision agriculture and urban farming. Challenges include high costs, technical expertise, data management, and connectivity. Future prospects focus on advanced AI models, better sensors, renewable energy, and policy support to enhance these systems' effectiveness and accessibility. The chapter underscores the critical role of smart irrigation in sustainable agriculture and food security.
Residual Network-Based Deep Learning Framework for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Authors: Kaushik Keshav , Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Cheng Xiaochun , Dahiya Susheela , Shankar Achyut , Kumar Manoj , Mehrotra Tushar
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been transforming the health care industry in many areas such as disease diagnosis with medical imaging, surgical robots, and maximizing hospital efficiency. The Healthcare service market utilizing Artificial Intelligence is expected to reach 45.2 billion U. S. Dollars by 2026 from its current valuation, off $4.9 billion. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a disease that results from complications of type one and Type two diabetes and affects patients' eyes. Diabetic retinopathy, if remains unaddressed, is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, resulting in permanent blindness. The disease has been affecting the lives of 347 million people worldwide. The paper aims to propose a residual network-based deep learning framework for the detection of diabetic retinopathy. The accuracy of our approach is 83% whereas the precision value for checking the absence of DR is 95%.
Retransmitting Messages on Social Media in Disasters
Authors: Liu Fang , Burton-Jones Andrew , Wang Wei , Xu Dongming
Published: January 2025

Retransmitted messages online can have profound effects on disaster response; however, existing literature provides an incomplete account of why messages are retransmitted on social media in disasters. In particular, there is a need to theorize the capabilities of the communication tools used for sending messages, because nowadays people can send messages online via different tools. This paper aims to theorize and explain how the capabilities of communication tools affect message retransmission by affecting the generation of message characteristics. To test our account, we collected and coded Twitter data from three disasters, and employed five logistic regressions to test our hypotheses. Our results confirm our expectations that compared to messages sent from desktops, messages sent from mobile devices are less likely to be helpful and verifiable, but are more likely to have visual attachments and expressions of anxiety.
Fruit and seed ontogeny and its taxonomic relevance for Vernonieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Voltolini Caroline Heinig , Oliveira Fernanda Maria Cordeiro , Souza Luiz Antonio de
Published: January 2025

In the Asteraceae the pappus and cypsela provide many important structural features that are of potential taxonomic significance. Vernonia is a revised genus that has recently undergone a rearrangement consisting of the genera Vernonia s.s., Chrysolaena, Lepidaploa, Lessingianthus and Vernonanthura. In the present investigation, the cypsela ontogeny of species of these genera and of the monospecific Orthopappus was analyzed. Our study is an attempt to show that the anatomical features of the fruit (pericarp and seed) have taxonomic value within the tribe. Flowers and fruits in development were analyzed using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The persistent fruit pappus is bristly and biseriate. The mature pericarp is usually composed of more or less collapsed exocarp and sclerenchymatous mesocarp. At this stage, the mature seed coat is unspecialized; the unlayered endosperm and collapsed endothelium persist. Some features regarding the pappus, cypselae, and seeds have provided support to separate the segregated species of Vernonieae, especially when they are compared to the Orthopappus angustifolius.
Cultivable fungal diversity associated with the digestive tube of stingless bees (Melipona spp.) in the Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Almeida Cleomara Ramos , Souza João Raimundo Silva de , Silva Beatriz Leite da , Giglio Vinicius José
Published: January 2025

Stingless bees interact with diverse symbiotic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, mites and insects. We isolated and identified filamentous fungi presents in the digestive tract of stingless bees (Melipona spp.) to quantify this association and discussed their importance for the health of these insects. Twenty stingless bees were collected and their digestive tracts were analyzed. The slide micro-cultivation technique was used for morphological identification of the fungi. A total of 1,447 fungal colonies were isolated, identifying nine genera, with Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, and Cladosporium being the most prevalent. The findings highlight fungi's diversity and potential pathogenicity, with implications for bee health and biodiversity conservation. The first record of the genus Lasiodiplodia in stingless bees (Melipona spp.) expands the knowledge about the fungal microbiota of these organisms. Although some fungal species can be harmful, understanding these interactions can promote management strategies for stingless bees.
The introduction of the international normalized ratio as a breakthrough event in the history of thrombosis
Authors: Tripodi Armando
Published: January 2025

Very few among the youngest readers of this Journal would think about the introduction of the international normalized ratio (INR) as a breakthrough event in the history of thrombosis...
Factors informing tax compliance: A meta-analytical study
Authors: Reddy Divakaran , Moodley Asogan , Olugbara Oludayo
Published: January 2025

Background: Taxpayer compliance significantly impacts a nation’s ability to generate revenue for socioeconomic development. A need exists for a comprehensive analysis of emergent factors influencing compliance behaviour, as current research on tax noncompliance is limited.Aim: This study seeks to determine the primary factors influencing taxpayer compliance behaviour through a critical examination of existing primary empirical studies.Setting: The analysis draws from 45 primary international studies conducted between 2015 and 2020.Method: Employing a quantitative approach, the study utilises a meta-analysis, guided by the PRISMA method, to systematically assess relationships within relevant literature related to tax noncompliance.Results: Findings emphasise the importance of robust tax administration systems and public trust in governmental institutions as key drivers of taxpayer compliance. Conversely, weak government accountability contributes to tax noncompliance behaviours.Conclusion: The study concludes that fostering both effective tax administration and public trust in the country’s governance is critical in promoting voluntary tax compliance.Contribution: This research provides policymakers with evidence-based insights to enhance tax compliance, bolster revenue generation and support national development initiatives
Predicting the career success of Generation Z employees: A socioeconomic perspective
Authors: Mavhungu Dzivhu , Barkhuizen Emmerentia N. , Magau Mpho
Published: January 2025

Background: Generation Z (Gen Z) is subject to more frequent and quick changes in the workplace compared to previous generations (such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution [4IR] and the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic). Considering the increasing unemployment rate among recent graduates, Gen Z must adopt a proactive and inventive strategy to enhance their desirability as potential employees for organisations.Aim: The main objective of this research is to determine the predictors of career success for Gen Z from a socioeconomic perspective.Setting: The target population for the study involved bursary beneficiaries from Sector Education Training Authorities (SETA) of South Africa, Wholesale Retail SETA (WRSETA) and Chemical SETA (CHIETA).Method: A quantitative research approach was followed with data collected from a stratified sample of GenZ individuals who are SETA bursary holders (N = 320). The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The findings show that most participants were at a socioeconomic disadvantage during their formation years. No significant relationships were found between proactive career behaviours (i.e., career and mentor engagement) and career success (i.e., career adaptability and career employability) based on the socioeconomic status of the participants.Conclusion: Facilitating the professional development of Gen Z persons from historically marginalised backgrounds in the workplace requires a comprehensive strategy that tackles educational, social and institutional obstacles.Contribution: This article provides new knowledge on how research on Gen Z should include co-variates to navigate career outcomes more successfully.
Determinants of job satisfaction: The role of person-organisation fit, decent work and employee-organisational factors on job satisfaction
Authors: Ruzungunde Vongai , Sanhokwe Hamfrey , Chinyamurindi Willie
Published: January 2025

Background: The manufacturing sector is noted to be important to the South African economy. Calls exist to understand those factors that enhance the workforce capability of the manufacturing sector.Aim: This study examines the determinants of job satisfaction accounting for the role of person-organisation fit, decent work, and employee-organisational factors (high-performance human resource management [HRM] practices and change-oriented organisational citizenship behaviours).Setting: The study was conducted among a sample of employees operating in the manufacturing sector in South Africa.Method: A conceptual model was tested through a probability sample (n = 211) drawn from South Africa’s manufacturing sector. Covariance-based structural equation modelling and the Hayes approach were used to test the hypotheses.Results: The results demonstrate a significant relationship between decent work and high-performance HRM practices. Furthermore, person-organisation fit significantly moderates this relationship. High-performance HRM practices were significantly associated with change-oriented citizenship behaviours, which accounted for a significant variance in job satisfaction.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insight into employee-organisational factors that can influence job satisfaction.Contribution: The research re-invigorates attention to the factors influencing organisational job satisfaction. These factors become critical to re-vitalising the workplace to enhance job satisfaction and a dedicated leadership excellence agenda.
Intergenerational mobility of subjective wellbeing in South Africa
Authors: Kollamparambil Umakrishnan
Published: January 2025

Background: Intergenerational persistence is an important indicator of poverty trap which has been explored in literature using measures such as income, wealth, education, among others.Aim: This study aims at expanding the existing literature on intergenerational mobility (IGM) by going beyond conventional measures and adopting subjective wellbeing (SWB) as a more holistic measure of social stratification.Setting: The study considers the IGM of SWB in South Africa, accounting for possible endogeneity bias caused by simultaneity between parent and child SWB as well as the life-path patterns of SWB.Method: The study uses waves 1 and 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study panel data for South Africa using a range of regression specifications including fixed effects and Lewbel’s internal heteroscedasticity-based identification.Results: The findings indicate that while positive significant persistence exists between parent and child SWB measured at the same time point, this is much lower compared to persistence measured using income. Mother–child and co-residents record higher intergenerational persistence compared to father–child and non-coresidents respectively. Further, considering the life-cycle dependency of SWB, the persistence reduces considerably. Lastly, the persistence is no longer found to be positive and significant when correcting for possible endogeneity bias in the SWB association of parents and children.Conclusion: This is the first study on IGM using the measure of SWB and the substantially different findings from other income-based studies points to the value of a more holistic assessment of IGM.Contribution: Further, it is also indicative of the non-income determinants of SWB trends in South Africa.
The need for health economic model guidelines in South Africa
Authors: Siriram Chantel , Harris Roseanne
Published: January 2025

There are currently no guidelines in South Africa for effective decision making towards improving the health status of the population and ensuring fair and equitable resource allocation. This is because of the absence of a local health technology assessment (HTA) body and/or standardised framework for such assessments. Guidelines exist globally; however shortcomings include that they fail to make explicit allowance for rationing of care because of the affordability constraints.Contribution: This article highlights the dire need for effective implementation of health economics guidelines to ensure the best possible health outcomes within the affordability constraints present in the South African context.
Welfare, macroeconomic and trade effects of the hypothetical Southern African Customs Union-United States free trade agreement
Authors: Mhonyera Gabriel , Meyer Daniel F.
Published: January 2025

Background: There is lingering uncertainty surrounding the renewal of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a United States (US) Trade Act enacted in 2000 and set to expire in 2025. However, the US is a traditional trading partner of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and all SACU members predominantly access the US market through AGOA.Aim: This article assesses the welfare, macroeconomic and trade effects of the potential Southern African Customs Union-United States Free Trade Agreement (SACU-US FTA).Setting: The expiry of AGOA and the uncertainty surrounding its renewal present trade policy challenges for AGOA beneficiary countries, particularly the SACU nations.Method: The article employs the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP)-Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate a scenario where SACU and the US eliminate all import taxes and export subsidies in their bilateral trade.Results: The GTAP-CGE model simulation results reveal welfare gains of US$316.47 million for SACU and US$678.01 million for the US with favourable macroeconomic and trade effects for both parties. Net trade creation is estimated at US$3.06 billion.Conclusion: The US interest in the potential SACU-US FTA rests in enhanced access to a smaller, but highly protected market where the European Union (EU) has already concluded preferential trade arrangements. Correspondingly, SACU aims for enriched access to a much larger, though less protected, market.Contribution: While most studies on FTAs focus on distributional effects using CGE and partial equilibrium models, there is limited research on the welfare, macroeconomic, and trade impacts of the potential SACU-US FTA. This article, therefore, stimulates debate and navigate domestic policies on the welfare, macroeconomic and trade implications of the prospective trade agreement.
An exploratory study of the tax rate reconciliation disclosures of JSE listed companies
Authors: Nel Rudie , Van Niekerk Anja
Published: January 2025

Background: Tax rate reconciliations provide stakeholders (investors, analysts and regulatory bodies) with an understanding of the relationship between accounting profits and tax expenses as well as assist researchers in understanding the sources of variation in effective tax rates.Aim: This study analysed disclosed tax rate reconciliation data to identify possible explanations for fluctuations in effective tax rates.Setting: The study exploited hand-collected tax rate reconciliation data of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa for the financial reporting periods ranging from 2015 to 2022.Methods: The exploratory study employed descriptive statistics and a mixed-model analysis of variance in pursuit of three objectives: (1) to describe the trend in tax rate reconciling items from 2015 to 2022 to identify possible sources of fluctuations, (2) to analyse variances in effective tax rates based on fair value adjustments and (3) to analyse variances in effective tax rates based on disclosure format (numeric vs. percentage).Results: The main reconciling item category identified over the reporting periods was permanent differences that could be indicative of aggressive tax planning and warrant further research. The importance of both positive and negative permanent differences in explaining the fluctuation of effective tax rates of listed companies is highlighted for further research. Industry classification, fair value adjustments and disclosure format were also found to be significant factors in explaining fluctuations in effective tax rates.Conclusion: The descriptive findings of this study provide insights into possible fluctuations in effective tax rates.Contribution: The findings of this study highlight the importance of industry classification, permanent differences, fair value adjustments and disclosure format as explanations for fluctuation in effective tax rates. Furthermore, this study contributed to existing literature in support of the consistent and detailed tax disclosures by listed companies that support the use of such data in future research.
Bilateral Mooren’s Ulcer
Authors: Gajiwala Uday , Ganatra Jyotsom , Patel Rajesh , Shah Parin , Chariwala Rohan
Published: January 2025

Mooren’s Ulcer is an idiopathic, rapidly progressive, painful peripheral ulcerative keratitis with no associated scleritis. It’s a diagnosis of exclusion which means all other diagnosable systemic disorders that could be responsible for the progressive destruction of cornea must be ruled out. The etiology of Mooren’s Ulcer remains uncertain. However, recent studies indicate that it is an autoimmune disease directed against a specific target molecule in the corneal stroma, triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by one of several possible mechanisms.
Reasons for conflicts between family members of patients with COVID-19 and medical staff: A qualitative report
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Mirza Abbas Muhammed Sadiq , Hassan Zeravan Asaad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Family caregivers who assume caregiving roles for their loved ones may experience conflict with medical staff. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the reasons behind the conflicts that have occurred between the companions of admitted coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and medical staff at COVID-19 hospitals.

Methods:

This qualitative study included 56 family members of COVID-19 patients who faced conflicts with medical staff in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region.

Results:

The mean ages of the patients and their family members were 58.77 and 32.20 years, respectively. The patients were admitted for a median duration of 5 days (1–40 days). Most caregivers were family members (87.50%), followed by close friends (8.93%) and friends (3.57%). Most family members reported that both nurses and doctors exhibited inappropriate behavior toward them when it came to fulfilling requests for their patients. Moreover, most reported that doctors did not provide them with the necessary information about the medicines and patients’ conditions and that nurses did not administer medications correctly or on time. A few family members reported that doctors were unavailable when needed and rarely visited the patients.

Conclusion:

The reasons for conflicts between family members and medical staff were identified as follows: (1) inappropriate behaviors of nurses and clinicians, (2) carelessness in administering medicines correctly and in a timely manner, (3) lack of cooperation from medical staff, (4) failure to provide information about medicines and patients, and (5) unavailability of medical staff.
Our Experience of Managing Central Airway Tumors: Anesthesia Perspectives
Authors: Madathil Thushara , Poduval Devika , Jose Tony , Panidapu Nagarjuna , Jose Don , Joseph Tinku , Neema Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2025

Adult patients with central airway tumors commonly present with dyspnea on exertion. These patients may remain asymptomatic until more than half of the airway diameter is obliterated. Anesthesia for debulking a central airway tumor is challenging. Anesthetic management should include a strategy for oxygenation and ventilation, a plan for the same if tumor bleeding aggravates airway obstruction and a plan to deal with acute emergencies like pneumothorax and cardiac arrest. Patients with airway tumors occupying < 50% airway diameter and comfortable during routine activities can be managed using relaxant anesthesia and rigid bronchoscopy for debulking. Airway tumors with >75% airway lumen compromise are the sickest and may present in respiratory failure. We found that in these patients, maintaining spontaneous ventilation, avoidance of general anesthesia, and muscle relaxation are the keys to management. General anesthesia and muscle relaxants decreases / abolishes negative intrapleural pressure, which may result in dynamic hyperinflation and pneumothorax in presence of airway obstruction. In this subset, we routinely use i-gel (sizes 4 and 5) as an airway conduit for debulking. We prefer i-gel® (Intersurgical Ltd, UK) over rigid bronchoscopy as it requires less sedation. To allow this, it is prudent to ensure excellent airway anesthesia prior to i-gel placement using airway blocks, topical anesthetics, and titrated doses of sedation. We manage 20–30 cases of central airway tumors for debulking or stenting every year and share our experience of managing four cases depicting a spectrum of airway and review the literature on anesthetic management of central airway tumors.