bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Technological Artefacts: Investigating the Linguistic and Structural Foundations
Authors: Siddharth L. , Luo Jianxi
Published: February 2025

Design and innovation processes primarily generate knowledge upon retrieving and synthesising knowledge of existing artefacts. Understanding the basis of knowledge governing these processes is essential for theoretical and practical advances, especially with the growing inclusion of Large-Language Models (LLMs) and their generative capabilities to support knowledge-intensive tasks. In this research, we analyse a large, stratified sample of patented artefact descriptions spanning the total technology space. Upon representing these descriptions as knowledge graphs, i.e., collections of entities and relationships, we investigate the linguistic and structural foundations through frequency distribution and motif discovery approaches. From the linguistic perspective, we identify the generalisable syntaxes that show how most entities and relationships are constructed at the term level. From the structural perspective, we discover motifs, i.e., statistically dominant 3-node and 4-node subgraph patterns, that show how entities and relationships are combined at a local level in artefact descriptions. Upon examining the subgraphs within these motifs, we understand that artefact descriptions primarily capture the design hierarchy of artefacts. We also find that natural language descriptions do not capture sufficiently precise knowledge at a local level, which can be a limiting factor for relevant innovation research and practice. Moreover, our findings are expected to guide LLMs in generating knowledge pertinent to domain-specific design environments, to inform structuring schemes for future knowledge management systems, and to advance design and innovation theories on knowledge synthesis.
Hurdles to Open Access publishing faced by authors: a scoping literature review from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Kaliuzhna Nataliia , Aydin Zeynep , Müller Paul , Hauschke Christian
Published: February 2025

Over the past two decades, numerous widespread efforts and individual contributions to shift scientific publishing to open access (OA) faced a number of obstacles. Due to the complexity of knowledge production dimension and knowledge dissemination, the challenges encountered by researchers, publishers, and readers differ. While examples of such barriers exist across multiple parties, no attempt has been made to synthesize these for active researchers. Thus, this scoping review explores the barriers documented in the scientific literature that researchers encounter in their pursuit of publishing open access. After screening 1,280 relevant sources, 113 papers were included in the review. A total of 82 distinct barriers were identified and grouped into four subclusters: Practical Barriers, Lack of Competency, Sentiment, and Policy & Governance. The largest cluster in terms of barriers assigned was Sentiment, accounting for 51.2% (n=42) of all barriers identified, suggesting that perceived barriers are the strongest determinants of publishing OA, while the most frequently occurring barrier was “high article processing charges”, reported in 88 papers. Furthermore, burdens faced specifically due to the location of the researcher were identified. Understanding and acknowledging these barriers is essential for their effective elimination or mitigation.
Reducing RES Droughts through the integration of wind and PV
Authors: Morin Boris , Maimó Far Aina , Flynn Damian , Sweeney Conor
Published: February 2025

Increasing the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources (RES), combined with RES dependence on weather, poses a critical challenge for energy systems. This study investigates the importance of the balance between wind and photovoltaic (PV) capacity on periods of low renewable generation, known as RES droughts. Three different RES models are used to estimate the capacity factors for different scenarios of installed capacities for wind and PV power. The skill of the RES models is quantified by comparing capacity factor time series to observed hourly data and by assessing their representation of observed RES droughts. The RES models are used to generate a 45-year hourly time series of RES capacity factor, enabling analysis of the frequency, duration and return periods of RES droughts at a climatological scale. Results show the importance of using an accurate, validated RES model for RES drought risk assessment. The addition of PV capacity to a wind-dominated system results in a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of RES droughts, while also reducing extremes and seasonal drought patterns. These findings underscore the importance of diversification in RES capacity to enhance energy security and resilience.
Evaluating coastal multifunctionality: sand nourishment strategies at decadal timescales
Authors: Geukes Haye , Kettler Tosca , de Schipper Matthieu , van Bodegom Peter , van Oudenhoven Alexander
Published: February 2025

Globally, there is a growing societal need for multifunctional coastal climate adaptation of sandy shores in the coming decades. Sand nourishment strategies are increasingly regarded as promising nature-based approaches, as they may increase flood safety and mitigate erosion while enhancing recreational and ecological functioning. However, their multifunctional potential has not yet been assessed under diverse climate impacts at decadal scales. This study aimed to identify the effects of beach, shoreface and mega-nourishment strategies on coastal multifunctionality using a systems-based approach. We identified indicators for recreational, ecological and flood safety functions through a structured literature review, and integrated these into a process-based sand distribution model for dissipative coastal profiles. We simulated indicator states as the coastal profile responded to the nourishment strategies under five sea level rise scenarios and three erosion rates, and calculated the extent to which coastal functions and multifunctionality were supplied over six decades. We found that all three nourishment strategies could supply coastal multifunctionality to a high extent, although the drivers of this potential differed per strategy. These findings imply that sand nourishment strategies are viable approaches for multifunctional coastal climate adaption in the coming decades, that require prioritising specific coastal features and functions. While sand nourishment strategies remain high-impact interventions, they also allow for creating coastal landscapes that may not only prevent floods but also enhance the environmental and societal functions and features we desire of sandy shores worldwide.
Suggestion effects in psychedelics: Confounds and opportunities
Authors: Stein Madeline Victore , Terhune Devin B.
Published: February 2025

The resurgence of interest in psychedelics has led to their widespread, and often uncritical, promotion within both popular media and scientific communities. This heightened enthusiasm complicates assessments of the neurocognitive effects of psychedelics as well as their efficacy as adjuncts to psychotherapy. A key challenge for this nascent field involves understanding how suggestion effects can both act as a confound in experimental research on psychedelics but also improve outcomes in therapeutic interventions. By critically examining how these effects operate within psychedelic experiences, we aim to draw greater attention to the role of suggestion effects as both a source of bias but also as a tool that can be leveraged to maximize therapeutic benefits. We argue for more careful consideration of the role of suggestion effects in response to psychedelics.
Object and Setting Identification in Natural Auditory Scenes
Authors: McMullin Margaret Ann , Higgins Nathan C. , Kumar Rohit , Elhilali Mounya , Snyder Joel S.
Published: February 2025

We encounter situations each day that require our auditory system to quickly interpret our surroundings. Auditory scene perception involves complex processes that allow us to identify both the setting and the objects within a scene, which are essential for decision-making, and situational awareness. While there is substantial evidence for distinct cortical regions and pathways supporting visual scene and object recognition, far less is known about how the brain processes complex auditory scenes and objects. This study aimed to determine whether distinct mechanisms underlie auditory setting and object identification and whether these mechanisms interact to aid perception. Participants listened to 200 natural auditory scenes of varying durations (1, 2, and 4 sec) and identified the setting (e.g., café) as well as the objects (e.g., talking, espresso machine, music) within each scene. Overall, performance was highest on the object identification task, and there was a significant interaction between task and scene duration, with a greater benefit of longer durations for the object identification task. Different low- and mid-level acoustic features of the scenes predicted performance on the two tasks. These results suggest that the auditory system employs distinct (and potentially interactive) computations for setting and object identification, allowing for quick interpretation of complex, real-world auditory scenes. The interaction between task performance and scene duration further suggests object and setting identification may operate on different temporal scales; objects might require more time for accurate individuation, while settings may be recognized more efficiently through global properties of scenes, such as openness or naturalness.
Methods to Induce Dissociation and Their Effects on Intrusions and Memory: A Randomized Controlled Trauma-Film Study
Authors: Danböck Sarah K. , Hettegger Sabrina , Franke Laila K. , Hillemeyer Katharina , Liedlgruber Michael , Miedl Stephan F , Alpers Georg W. , Wilhelm Frank H.
Published: February 2025

Background: Peritraumatic dissociation is thought to contribute to posttraumatic symptoms like intrusions and memory disturbances. However, trauma-analogue studies that examined effects of experimental dissociation-induction on intrusions and memory were inconclusive. To better understand this, a necessary first step is to more systematically compare various induction methods.Objective: We evaluate different dissociation-induction-methods regarding their effectiveness, the intensity and quality of induced dissociation, and their effects on intrusions and memory in a pre-registered randomized-controlled online experiment.Method: Healthy participants (N=213) were randomized to one of six dissociation-induction-methods: audio-photic stimulation, hypnotic-suggestion, or spiral-staring, each for one-minute or three-minute duration. Participants also completed two control conditions: a picture task as our primary non-dissociation-inducing control condition (control condition 1) and dot-staring as a second dissociation-inducing control condition closely resembling baseline or resting-state conditions in many experimental designs (control condition 2). Each condition was followed by an aversive (“trauma”) film. Peri-film dissociation intensity and quality, as well as film-specific intrusion-load and memory performance, were assessed. Dissociation-induction-methods were deemed successful if they elicited dissociation levels > control condition 1 and ≥ control condition 2. Only successful dissociation-induction-methods were examined further. Results: Three-minute of hypnotic-suggestion and one-minute of spiral-staring successfully induced dissociation, while other methods did not meet the effectiveness threshold. Hypnotic-suggestion led to a greater increase in dissociation intensity than spiral-staring. However, dissociation induced by spiral-staring was perceived as more uncontrollable and unpleasant. Results did not support an adverse effect of dissociation induction or dissociation intensity on intrusion-load but on self-reported and objectively assessed memory performance.Conclusions: Results indicate that hypnotic-suggestion and spiral-staring constitute effective, easy-to-implement, neuroimaging-compatible dissociation-induction-methods that allow to study dissociation in the laboratory. The present data did not support the notion that dissociation fosters intrusion formation but provides causal support for effects of dissociation on trauma memory.
Consequentialist Learning Shapes Reliance on Moral Rules versus Cost-Benefit Reasoning
Authors: Maier Maximilian , Cheung Vanessa , Lieder Falk
Published: February 2025

Many controversies arise from disagreements between moral rules and utilitarian cost-benefit reasoning (CBR). We show how moral learning from consequences can produce individual differences in people's reliance on rules versus CBR. In a new paradigm, participants (total $N=2328$) faced realistic dilemmas between one choice prescribed by a moral rule and one by CBR. Participants observed the consequences of their decision before the next dilemma. Across four experiments, we found adaptive changes in decision-making over 13 choices: Participants adjusted their decisions based on which decision strategy (rules or CBR) produced better consequences. Using computational modeling, we showed that many participants learned about decision strategies in general (metacognitive learning) rather than specific actions. Their learning transferred to incentive-compatible donation decisions and moral convictions beyond the experiment. We conclude that metacognitive learning is an important mechanism of moral learning and that individual differences in morality may be surprisingly malleable to learning from experience.
Division of Labour and Team Performance: Human-Human Teams compared to Hybrid Human-Machine Teams
Authors: Hedley Laiton Gregory
Published: February 2025

How teams “divvy” up or distribute task labour amongst agents can influenceteaming performance – for better or for worse. Human-Human (HH) teams havetypically demonstrated equal Division of Labour (DoL) strategies which benefitteam outcomes. However, the current understanding of DoL strategies HybridHuman-Machine (HM) teams adopt is not well understood. We aimed to explorethe DoL of HH and HM teams and understand how the DoL impacted teamperformance. We used an experimental platform, in which two agents work con-currently by each controlling a moving paddle to deflect falling balls. Participantswere placed into either a HH team or HM team Alongside team performance,we measured DoL using sophisticated time-sensitive analyses. With these measures, we found the DoL of HH teams was more equal than HM teams and thata more equal DoL was also predictive of better team performance. Addition-ally, HH teams showed less redundancy in their DoL than all other conditionsand less redundant DoL behaviour resulted in better team performance. Thesefindings highlight that there are differences in how humans Divide Labourwith Machine agents. These differences are likely due to the underlying transactive nature human agents can engage in and the lack of transactive nature andcoordination of HM teams. These findings highlight the need to re-evaluate current theories of Teaming Cognition and provide important basis for HM teamingpractice.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Regression Therapy in Addressing a Broad Spectrum of Psychological and Physical Issues
Authors: Groen Bert , Klooster Ingrid , Hooijdonk Paul
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIn this study we evaluated the effectiveness of Regression Therapy (RT) to treat a broad spectrum of psychopathological and or Medical Unexplained Symptoms complaints (MUS). Regression therapy aims to identify and address the root cause of an individual's current emotional, psychological, or physical issues by accessing forgotten or suppressed memories that are present in the subconscious domain Methods A total of 169 subjects filled out a BSI-53 questionnaire before initiation of treatment as well as after 2 and 4 months of therapy. Fifteen established RT therapists conducted therapy according to a standardized protocol. Questionnaires were submitted anonymously to a commercial company that analysed the results and reported to an independent assessor. ResultsRT proved to be highly effective. The BSI-53 total score decreased from a value of 0.91 to 0.48 after 4 months of treatment. A score of 0.48 is close to the value of 0.42 measured in a representative sample of the Dutch population. For most study participants a single session was already satisfactory. Hedges g for this study was 0.95 indicating a large clinical effect. All 9 domains of the BSI-53 questionnaire showed a similar decrease in score, the mean decrease was 47%. Application of unbiased machine learning to all study parameters revealed that a positive effect of the therapy could be predicted from a few BSI-53 questions with high accuracy (AUC: 0,87). Limitations This blinded outcome trial was not compared to an active control.ConclusionThis study shows that RT is a highly efficacious treatment modality. It is fast, a few sessions already strongly alleviate psychological and physical symptoms.
Redesigning and Evaluating Interfaces for Two-Factor Authentication: Performance of Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Taffese Tewodros , Chavez Fabrizio , Fernandez-Reyes Alejandra , Byrne Mike
Published: February 2025

The increasing use of the internet for various activities has led to a rise in cybersecurity threats, placing user accounts at greater risk of compromise. To mitigate this, two-factor authentication (2FA) schemes have been implemented across various online services as an additional security layer. However, previous research has shown that setting up two-factor authentication methods is not particularly usable, resulting in a significant number of user errors. These usability challenges undermine the security benefits of 2FA by discouraging users from adopting it or leading to poorly configured setups that frustrate users, ultimately causing them to opt out. Importantly, it is not known how these challenges may vary across age groups, with older users potentially facing greater difficulties in navigating setup processes. In this study, Google’s 2FA set-up interface is redesigned using both young and older users, with a particular focus on error reduction. The results show that the new interface resulted in notably less errors and higher system visibility when compared to the previous version across both sample groups. However, errors were still made, particularly among younger participants, who had a higher error rate than the older participants. On the other hand, the older participants took longer to complete the account setup than the younger participants. Our findings suggest that users’ mental models and their familiarity with specific authentication methods may play a role in the types and frequency of errors they make during the setup process.
How interoception and the insula shape mental imagery and aphantasia
Authors: Silvanto Juha , Nagai Yoko
Published: February 2025

A major question in cognitive neuroscience is understanding the neural basis of mental imagery, particularly in cases of its absence, known as aphantasia. While research in this field has focused on the role of sensory domains, we propose that the key to understanding imagery lies in the intertwining of sensory processing and autonomic responses. Interoception plays a crucial role in mental imagery by anchoring experiences in first-person physiological signals, providing a self-referential perspective, and grounding the imagery in the body while also enabling its emotional aspects. Moreover, interoception contributes to the sense of agency and volitional control, as well as body schema—key hallmarks of voluntary mental imagery. Therefore, imagery should be approached as an integrated phenomenon that combines sensory-specific information with interoceptive signals. At the neural level, this process engages the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions vital for synthesizing information across cognitive, emotional, and physical domains, as well as for supporting self-awareness. From this perspective, aphantasia may reflect a suboptimal functioning of the insula/ACC, which can account for its associations with deficits in autobiographical memory, emotion perception, and conditions such as autism and dyspraxia.
Preserving Rhyme in Poetry Translation: The Translation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 146 to Arabic as a Case Study
Authors: TAHIRI SALLAH EDDINE
Published: February 2025

Poetry translation demonstrates a significant obstacle, balancing aesthetic elements such as rhyme and rhythm with thematic and linguistic fidelity. This study explores the role of a rhyme-driven translation approach in achieving textual fluency in Arabic translations of Shakespearean poetry. The research combines qualitative textual analysis with quantitative empirical data to examine how rhyme preservation influences translation choices, employing a mixed-method approach. Findings reveal that prioritising rhyme while integrating domestication, literalism, and foreignisation results in a natural and fluent target text, depending on the translator’s literary and linguistic capabilities. Empirical results further confirm this fluency, as 68.41% of participants perceived the translation as an original Arabic poem. These insights contribute to the literature on poetry translation strategies, illustrating that a hybrid translation approach can successfully maintain both aesthetic and structural integrity.
Delayed Retirement Tactics in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Sierra Leone Amidst Socio-Political and Economic Insecurity
Authors: Dumbuya Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the phenomenon of delayed retirement in Sierra Leone, focusing on the underlying socio-political and economic factors that contribute to this trend. Given the insecurity and instability in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Sierra Leone, older workers are increasingly choosing to remain in the workforce well beyond traditional retirement age. The study delves into the challenges posed by high unemployment rates, inadequate social security systems, and the need for income security. Through qualitative interviews with government officials, retirees, and economists, this research identifies key reasons for delayed retirement and evaluates its impact on both the labor market and the broader economy. The findings underscore the importance of developing comprehensive retirement policies and systems to support an aging workforce and improve economic security in the region.
Research and Development (R&D) in the Pharmaceutical Sector: advances, limitations, selectivity, and neglect
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: February 2025

In order to contribute to the studies and debates on the Research and Development (R&D) process in the pharmaceutical sector, this paper conducted an extensive collection, organization, and analysis of data on the topic, exploring the advances, limitations, selectivity, and neglect in this area. It was revealed that the pharmaceutical sector is the second largest investor in R&D, with global expenditures of $238 billion in 2021. The pursuit of profits from successful drugs has driven significant growth in the number of pharmaceutical companies focused on R&D, resulting in 5,416 corporations testing over 20,000 drugs in various phases of research and development. However, this study also points to the limitations of products derived from pharmaceutical R&D, noting that many newly approved drugs do not present significant advantages over existing ones and tend to prioritize maintaining profitable franchises or market competition over population well-being. Furthermore, the selectivity and neglect in R&D investments are highlighted, with certain diseases receiving more attention due to a variety of interests, including socioeconomic aspects.
मानव अधिकार र दलित अधिकारको अन्तरसम्बन्ध
Authors: रम्तेल Ramtel परशुराम Parshuram
Published: February 2025

मानिसले मान्छे भएर बाँच्न पाउनुपर्ने जति सबै अधिकारको उपभोग गर्नपाउनुलाई मानवअधिकार भन्ने गरिन्छ । दक्षिण एसियाको पनि मुख्यतः हिन्दु धर्म मान्ने देशहरु भारत, नेपाललगायतका केही देशहरुमा दलित समुदायलाई सदियौं वर्षदेखि वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्थाद्धारा अछूतबनाएर अमान्छेको व्यवहार गर्दै जातपातछुवाछूत जस्तो असाध्यै अमानवीय र निकृष्ट खालकोविभेदजन्य व्यवहार गरिँदै आएको अवस्था छ । अहिलेको एक्काइसौं शताव्दीको विज्ञान रप्रविधिको युगमा पनि यस्ता विभेदकारी मनोविज्ञान र व्यवहार अझैपनि विद्यमान छ । वास्तवमादलित समुदायलाई विगत लामो समयदेखि नै राज्यको विभेदकारी नीति, नियमको कारणनेपाली समाजका हरेक क्षेत्रमा यो समुदायमाथि अपमान र विभेद रहने गरेको छ । यस्ताविभेदजन्य कार्य मानव अधिकारको दृष्टिकोणबाट विश्लेषण गर्दा मानव अधिकारको गम्भीरहनन्हो । नेपालका मानव अधिकारकर्मीहरुले पनि दलित समुदायमाथि राज्य र समाजका हरेकक्षेत्रमा हुने गरेको विभेद, अपमान र बहिष्करणलाई नेपालका मानव अधिकारकर्मीहरुले गम्भीरढंगले लिएको देखिँदैन । यस लेखमा दलित अधिकारको विगत र वर्तमानको अवस्था,दलितमाथिको उत्पीडन र विभेदको ऐतिहासिकता, छुवाछूत र मानव अधिकारको अन्तरसम्बन्ध,दलित मुद्दाका बारेमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रियकरणको आवश्यकता र संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ तथा नेपाल सरकारलेयस समस्याको उचित समाधानका लागि खेल्नुपर्ने भूमिका आदिका बारेमा अध्ययन गर्नखोजिएको छ । त्यसैगरी राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तराष्ट्रिय स्तरका मानव अधिकारवादी संस्थाहरुलेदलित अधिकारलाई मानव अधिकारवादी आन्दोलनसँग एकाकार गर्दै लैजानुपर्ने टड्कारोआवश्यकता देखिन्छ ।
Employer branding: A Systematic Review on changing perspective from then and now
Authors: Dua Kavita , Sharma Rajwanti
Published: February 2025

From the last three decades, employer branding emerges as a key driver for the organisations. As a result, the topic employer branding has been rapidly growing.  This paper discusses, main definitions of employer branding and its related concepts & their evolution over time and the constructs of the employer branding through a systematic review of the literature. After searching for academic publications on Google scholar, 50 papers have been included in the study. Results showed that the definition of employer branding has changed a lot according to the growing pertinence of time. We used the systematic review methodology and gathered the data from academic publications on this topic in the English language on an original dataset. Our main findings revealed that employer branding has mainly three constructs employer branding equity, employer branding loyalty and employee retention and attraction and it has important implications for scholars, organisation, managers, and Employees.
The NEP 2020 and Its Transformative Role in Mathematics Education
Authors: Rawan Sunil
Published: February 2025

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and skill-based approach to learning, represents a dramatic change in India's educational landscape. This paper explores the transformative role of NEP 2020 in mathematics education, focusing on its impact on curriculum design, pedagogical practices and assessment methods. The policy advocates for conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills and the integration of technology to enhance mathematical thinking. Additionally, it promotes flexibility in learning, interdisciplinary approaches and competency-based assessments to foster deeper engagement with mathematics. By analyzing these reforms, this study highlights the potential of NEP 2020 to make mathematics education more accessible, engaging and aligned with real-world applications, ultimately preparing students for future challenges in a rapidly evolving global landscape.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change and Environmental Policies on Sustainable Development in Bihar
Authors: Anand Madhav
Published: February 2025

This study assesses the impacts of climate change and the effectiveness of environmental policies in promoting sustainable development in Bihar, a state highly vulnerable to climate-related disruptions. Bihar's agricultural sector, a critical economic pillar, faces significant challenges due to erratic rainfall patterns, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. The study investigates the direct and indirect effects of these climate shifts on agriculture, biodiversity, and water resources, highlighting the state's dependence on agriculture and the consequent risks to food security. The research also evaluates the role of key state policies, particularly the Bihar State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) and the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Abhiyan, in mitigating climate impacts and fostering climate resilience. While these policies aim to promote sustainable development through afforestation, water conservation, and the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, their implementation faces challenges, including limited financial resources, institutional capacity, and interdepartmental coordination. Additionally, the study examines the ongoing threats to biodiversity in Bihar’s wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas due to climate change and human activities. The findings emphasize the need for stronger policy integration, increased community participation, and enhanced monitoring to address these challenges. Ultimately, the study proposes actionable recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies and achieving long-term environmental sustainability, aiming to balance economic growth with ecological conservation. These insights are crucial for guiding Bihar's transition to a more resilient and sustainable future in the face of climate change.
Clarifying Control in Criminology: A Proposal for Six Interacting Controls of Crime
Authors: Linning Shannon J. , Eck John E.
Published: February 2025

For over 40 years, criminologists have tried to distinguish between formal and informal social control. While formal control is synonymous with the state, informal social control remains elusive. Informal social control’s vagueness has three sources. First, there is no template guiding the definition of controls. Second, informal social control is too broadly defined and yet the formal–informal dichotomy does not account for all types of control. Third, the formal–informal dichotomy does not address how controls interact. We address the sources of vagueness by increasing clarity in three ways. First, we propose six elements that all definitions of control must meet. Second, we use these elements to define six types of control: state, place management, organization, intimate, self, and stranger. These six types give greater specificity than the formal–informal dichotomy, while preserving key ideas in the original. Third, we show how these six controls can interact. The result is a set of controls, with clear definitions, that criminologists can study scientifically.
El acontecer histórico y su impronta en las constituciones de México
Authors: Jiménez Codinach Guadalupe
Published: February 2025

Jiménez Codinach, Guadalupe. El acontecer histórico y su impronta en las constituciones de México. A partir de una breve reflexión sobre la relevancia del estudio y el cultivo de la historia, la conferencia aborda dos temas centrales en el contexto político y legislativo del siglo XIX en México. En primer lugar, se presenta un panorama general de los debates fundacionales que sacudieron a la nueva nación durante sus primeros años (1821–1824) y que marcaron su devenir legislativo durante el resto del siglo. En segundo lugar, se describe la centralidad de la relación Iglesia–Estado durante el periodo 1833–1873 en la configuración política del país. Jiménez Codinach argumenta que estos dos procesos son fundamentales para la comprensión del México contemporáneo.
‘Grossman races to Grossman…’
Authors: Shaytanov I. O.
Published: February 2025

The article is written in response to the 2-volume publication of Victor Grossman (1887–1978), a writer and scholar active on Moscow literary scene in the 1920s–1930s, whose career was rudely interrupted by two successive arrests in 1938 and 1948. Born of a well-off Jewish family in Odessa, Victor was happy to make friends at the gymnasium with Boris Zhitkov, Korney Chukovsky, Vladimir Poplavsky, and his own first choice was a philological faculty. But then he took up law and had a remarkable career as a lawyer, which afterwards he left for literature. He had developed a reputation as an expert on Pushkin’s life and work and wrote adaptations for stage of Pushkin’s prose till he suffered an abrupt end to his activities. The article presents Grossman’s life after his liberation from camp in 1955 when he settled down in the city of Vologda. In the new collection, one volume incorporates Grossman’s works on Pushkin written in his later years and mostly never published. The other is given to nonfiction: memoirs by Grossman, his correspondence with old friends and people involved in the not-so-easy-going publication of his novel on Pushkin — Arion. I. Shaytanov also shares a story of his personal acquaintance with Grossman.
The Future of Food Security: The Role of Blockchain Technology in Global Aquaculture
Authors: Hazzarul Hisham Zarith Sofea , Ayamon Anha , Mohd Fadzullah Nur Lisa Ashiqeen , Mohd Rusllim Nurul Aisyah , Mohd Zohdi Majdi Ahmadi , Amsyar Mohd Azhar Muhammad Ammar , Mahamad Yazid Waiz Wajdi , Wafiq Mohd Masri Muhammad Mukhrizq , Zainuddin Ahmad Anwar
Published: February 2025

The aquaculture sector faces challenges in maintaining a transparent and traceable supply chain, leading to issues like fraud and compromised food safety for consumers worldwide. Studies reveal that nearly 20% of the global seafood industry engages in mislabelling practices, which significantly undermines consumer trust. From harvesting to sale, blockchain technology offers a safe, immutable database that records each stage of the supply chain. Reliability is ensured by users verifying the data. IoT devices and QR codes gather real-time data on product origin, quality, and handling to improve safety and trust making it available to authorities and consumers. The importance of implementing a robust sustainability and traceability system and becomes evident with the European Commission’s decision to temporarily suspend fish imports from Thailand due to the prevalence of illegal fishing practices. This blockchain-based strategy offers an integrated solution to current supply chain problems by enhancing regulatory compliance, minimising fraud, and fostering sustainable behaviours. By documenting each stage in an immutable ledger, this study explores blockchain’s potential to transform the aquaculture supply chain, creating a system where product history is fully transparent for consumers and regulators. Most case studies and research, focus primarily on developed regions. This underscores the need for further exploration of blockchain implementation in small-scale and underdeveloped aquaculture settings. Ultimately, this solution fosters a safer, more responsible seafood industry that promotes sustainable practices and benefits society overall.
Indolent Respiratory Viral Infections in Young Infants
Authors: Kishanrao Suresh
Published: February 2025

Come Autum (October-November) and Winter (December -February) many paediatric hospitals and Paediatric practitioners see a rush of patients with upper and lower respiratory infections (URI/LRI). Out of every 10 patients with high-grade fever and flu-like symptoms, six to seven patients have viral fever, and the rest report a plummeting platelet count and are diagnosed with dengue and other vector-borne diseases including chikungunya. Multiple viral fevers are causing alarm among the public and health authorities, for most of the year, Rhinoviruses & RSV cause most acute viral URIs among young infants & under 5’s.

National Program for Integrated management of Neonatal and childhood illnesses both at community and facilities (IMNCI & FIMNCI) guide the management. Individual practitioners follow academic and IAP guidelines, though there are marginal variations among guidelines. Use of antibiotics even in viral infections is a matter of concern.

Basic Management practices include Symptom-based therapy as the mainstay Antimicrobial or antiviral therapy is appropriate in selected patients.

Materials & Methods: This article is based on 3 such cases recently. It highlights the diagnosis & management of RV and RSV-related respiratory infections in young infants in India based on IMNCI guidelines and Practices in Paediatric hospitals in private sector. Conflict interest determines the overtreatment in private sector.

Outcome: The first case of an unnamed baby in a district headquarters private facility though outcome was reverting to normal respiration in 5 days, but conflict of interest dominated the cost of management. The first and second cases of repeated URIs and respiratory distress are an example of need for assessing congenital heart diseases. Third case of normally mild Rhinovirus infection (common cold) leading to cerebrospinal fluid infection and Sudden Death Syndrome.

Conclusion: Early detection, prevention, and ongoing research are vital to mitigating the impact of RV & RSV on vulnerable population. Vigilance is necessary in the infant’s environment, measures of hygiene, and protection by vaccinations be encouraged to reduce the risk of the Respiratory infections and SIDS in young infants.
Outcome of Single-Stage Multiligamentous Reconstruction Surgery in Patients with Multiligament Knee Injury
Authors: Awadelseid Mohamed Hamid
Published: February 2025

Background: Multiligament knee injury (MLKI) is a complex orthopedic injury leading to the tear of at least two of the major knee ligaments. However, there is no consensus on the optimal management of this debilitating condition. Regarding this, the present study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of single-stage multiligament reconstruction surgery in patients with MLKI.

Material &Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based study done on Multicenter in a period of 7 months from March 2021. A total 20 male and female patients their age ranges from 20 years to 69 years the mean age 30 years having MLKI confirmed by clinical examination and MRI scan were included in this study. Patients' check list detailed demography including age, sex, causes of injury and duration of symptoms pre-operative were recorded after written consent from every patient. Lachman, anterior drawer, posterior drawer, dial test, valgus and varus stress tests were performed before surgery. All patients filled subjective Lysholm Knee form before surgery and at final follow up post-operative. The injured ligaments were reconstructed using auto-graft.

Results: There were 19 (95%) males and 1(5%) females. Right knee was injured in 14(70%) cases and left knee 6(30%) cases. At final follow-up, 70% patients achieved full ROM flexion, all of them have no giving way symptoms after 2 to 3monthes post-operative. There was significant improvement in Lysholm score. Out of 20 patients, 4 (20%) patients developed post-operative infection.

Conclusion: MLKI reconstruction yields a significant improvement from pre-operative to post-operative Lysholm scores. This suggests that surgical intervention provides benefit to patients in this population. Failure to treat all injured structures can lead to changes in knee kinematics and hence poor outcomes and an increased risk of graft failure.
Association and Variability of Morphological, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Mungbean [Vigna ridiata (L.) Wilezek]
Authors: Khan M. H.
Published: February 2025

The efficacy of selection process is greatly enhanced by using appropriate selection indices. The knowledge of the genetic variability and relationship among various traits affecting seed yield is essential for crop improvement. The present study was undertaken to evaluate fifty-one diverse genotypes of mungbean for the estimation of genetic variability, heritability & genetic advance, correlation coefficient for eleven traits and their association level with yield. Results of the analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters studied and thereby offering an ample opportunity for selecting suitable genotypes with desired traits. Phenotypic coefficients of variation were greater in magnitude over the respective genotypic coefficient of variation. High to moderate estimates of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant indicating the role of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Analysis of correlation revealed, that the magnitude of genotypic correlation coefficients was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients suggesting the existence of inherent association among the traits studied. Seed yield was found to be positively correlated with primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and biological yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed the importance of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod while the highest negative direct effect was recorded for harvest index.
Celiac Disease Among Gastrointestinal Patients Attending a Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy Unit: Prevalence, Symptoms, Signs, and Association with age and Gender
Authors: Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives:

Celiac disease is a multisystem autoimmune disease that is triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by eating products containing gluten. It affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide, although a significant proportion of patients remain undiagnosed. The prevalence of celiac disease has not been well established in Yemen, either in the general population or in symptomatic patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of disease in asymptomatic patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy to investigate associated symptoms and signs; and whether CD prevalence differs significantly between different ages and genders in a tertiary hospital in Sana'a.

Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and serological markers; total IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and total anti-endomysial IgA (EMA), for 111 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who were all patients who attended endoscopy units in the research period in the Police Hospital. Data were collected by means of a pre-designed questionnaire then the results were analyzed.

Results: The patients were 49 males and 62 females, with a mean age equal to 27.6 ± 12.5 years (range, 4–64 years). The prevalence of CD among gastrointestinal patients was 16.2%. There was an association of CD with females (rate 19.4%, OR = 1.7, p = 0.31) but not statistically significant, and its prevalence among age groups was approximately equal except for 0% prevalence in >60 years of age. Looking at clinical signs and symptoms comparing the positive and negative CD group, there was a significant association between celiac disease and steatorrhea, weight loss, aphthous stomatitis, anemia, hair loss, dry skin, pruritus, depression, peripheral neuropathy, and amenorrhea, sterility, sterility, menopause, angular chilosis and dermatitis.

Conclusion: A high rate of CD was identified among gastrointestinal symptoms patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, arriving at the tertiary hospital in Sana’a, Yemen, and this demonstrates the importance of general practitioners in identifying patients with CD, especially in the absence of a medical facility for CD, and this was facilitated through the serological markers test. Our findings also indicate that celiac disease is more common in females, children and younger people, and there was an association between CD and the non-gastrointestinal classic symptoms of this disease as hair loss, dry skin, itching, depression, and peripheral neuropathy which can be used for clinical diagnosis.
Drug Discoveries and Challenges for Elastomer devices (Packaging)
Authors: Chanda Anupam
Published: February 2025

Selection of rubber stoppers, plungers are playing a major role for packaging for pharmaceutical products especially for “Drug Discoveries” i.e for New products. In this case scientist don’t have any bench marked samples. These are few most important points those need to take care during selection of right kind of Rubber stoppers; those are whether to use Bromobutyle or Chlorobutyle Rubber stoppers, coated or uncoated, Blow back Rubber stopper is a must to use for Lyophilyzer products, what kind of “Sterilization” need to use, proper fitments of the Rubber stopper is the most critical to ensure product stability. It’s advisable to use blow back vial while use “Blow back Rubber stoppers”. Rubber stopper is most critical since this is considering as most critical source of product contamination. Most commonly used ingredients, Ready to use and ready for sterilized rubber stopper.
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): An Effective Therapeutic Agent for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gupta P D
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease of the senior citizens worldwide. The slow progression of the disease affects motor and non-motor functions of the nervous system. Available pharmacotherapy, Surgery, Ayurvedic treatment and FMT only reduces the intensity of the symptoms but not completely wipe out the disease. Among them FMT proves to be the best since the side effects of the antibiotics could be avoided in elders. Few clinical trials as well as studies in animal models give a promising result using FMT. High-quality clinical trials with larger sample sizes demand to qualify FMT as widely recommended therapeutic measures.
Vaccines and Immunications Against Covid-19, In the Reflection of Philately and Phaleristiks
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: February 2025

The article presents the materials of a study devoted to the reflection in the means of world philately and phaleristics, information about the coronavirus infection COVID-19, and vaccinations against different strains of its viruses. Thematic philatelic collections of postage stamps, envelopes, postcards, blocks, commemorative badges dedicated to vaccines and vaccinations are presented, comments are given to the presented collections of materials.
Foot Deformities Underlie All Disorders in The Body
Authors: Valentyn Gusyev
Published: February 2025

For more than 50 years, having been doing foot correction, I am becoming more and more convinced that no one in the world understands the significance of the functionality of the feet, how to eliminate deformations of them and the overlying skeletal structures. The connection of foot deformities with the overlying structures of the skeleton is the action of unconditioned reflexes of the body, aimed at maintaining a stable vertical position of the body, upright walking. The final element of its impact are the muscles of the musculoskeletal frame of the body. If the stability of the tower is determined by the position of its center of gravity relative to the area of support, then our biological system requires that the General Center of Gravity constantly oscillate with precision about the vertical axis of the body in each of the planes. This is how the contractile pumping function of the muscles, the basis of the body's vital activity, is maintained - the processes of cell metabolism.