bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Fibre Reinforced Hybrid Composite: Thermal & Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2021

The waste material can be used for the development of different composite materials after their use for their prime objectives viz. Bagasse fibre, human hair, egg shell etc. These waste materials have some specific mechanical & thermal properties such as tensile and compressive strength, hardness, toughness, moisture content etc. Millions of tonnes of chicken feather is continuously extracted by poultry industry and small proportion of this waste material is utilised while the rest amount considered as waste. Bagasse fibre consist of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin with their respective percentage of 40%, 30% and 15% to offer tensile strength and increases due to formation of quinones constituent of the fibre and its adhesiveness also increases after treatment in furfural alcohol solution. By holding their specific properties, these are biodegradable so the hybrid composite made with the help of these fibres, also biodegradable and Eco-friendly. In this paper, polymer thermoset epoxy resin was used as matrix, Bagasse fibre and chicken feather as reinforcement in definite proportion of 55%, 40% and 5% respectively. The hybrid composite was fabricated with the help of hand lay-up technique. Specimens were prepared as per ASTM standard for tensile and compressive strength, hardness and toughness, the present work also carried out thermal characterization such as TGA and water absorption test having analysis of 72 hrs. After evaluation of their mechanical and thermal properties, this work also present comparison in between neat epoxy polymer composite with natural fibre reinforced hybrid composite.
Biomaterials as therapeutic agents for treatment of cancer: A review
Authors: Goel A , Kulshrestha S
Published: May 2021

Biomaterials can be stated as an amalgamation of science in research and development where the field of cellular biology, molecular biology, chemical sciences, materials sciences and engineering plays important role. These are substances which have been modified to interact with biological systems for therapeutic purposes and even diagnosis. They induce a synergistic effect in the environment where implanted. Although as a science, it is years old but at present it is growing as a modern-day research platform that finds its application in many fields of medical science and cancer being the most extensively researched field in the same. Such studies undertaken in the field of biomaterials has been reviewed in the paper that includes the use of biomaterials as therapeutic agents including their use as vaccines and surface modulators to enhance the antigen specific T-cell activity in the immunotherapy for cancers. The application has been found reliable in case of recurrent cancers, poorly immunogenic tumours as well as immunologically resistant tumours. Triple negative breast cancer and skin cancers have been successfully treated with the help of biomaterials. The review highlights the importance and scope of study towards field of biomaterials in cancer treatment.
Optical metallography and DTA/TGA Analysis of Shape memory alloy: Cu74Zn22 Al4(Wt.%)
Authors: Verma Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2021

Phase changing materials play very important role in design of actuators and sensors in many equipment. Allow of copper, Zinc and Aluminium exhibits shape memory features. In presented experimental investigation, Cu74Zn22 Al4(Wt.%) was prepared by mechanical alloying using high energy ball milling process. By mechanical alloying, nano-crystalline features were developed. Powder was converted into pellets and sintered and forged for optical metallography characterization. DTA/TGA analysis was performed to exhibits shape memory features. When shape memory material changes its phase, energy in form of heat either released or absorbed. Optical metallographs indicates that sintered and forged samples exhibits different features.
Scenario of Small Hydro Power Plant (SHP) in India and Effects on Climate Change: An Eco-friendly Approach Towards Sustainability
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar , Kumar Notan
Published: May 2021

Water is the crucial asset to help all shape life on earth. Tragically it isn’t uniformly conveyed over the world via season or area. Hydroelectricity is the term alluding to power created by hydropower, the creation of electrical force using the gravitational power of falling and streaming water. It is most broadly utilized type of sustainable power source. Once the hydro electric complex is developed, the item delivers no immediate waste. Hydroelectricity produces 16.6% of the word electricity, and accounted for about 70% of electricity from renewable source in 2015 and was expected to increase by about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years [1]. The annual hydroelectric production of India is 122.31 TWh while installed capacity is 43.8 GW. The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 368.79 GW as of 31 December 2019. The hydropower contributes 25%. [2]. In India, hydropower ventures with a station limit of up to 25 MW each fall under the class of little hydropower (SHP). India has an expected SHP capability of around 16000 MW, of which about 18.5% has been tapped so far for example 2960 MW. Service of MNRE has made a database of potential locales of little hydro and 5,718 potential destinations with a total limit of 15384.15 MW for ventures up to 25 MW limit have been distinguished as on 2019. Environmental change has suggestions for both human and characteristic frameworks and could prompt critical changes in asset use creation and monetary action. Because of the effect and potential effects of environmental change universal, local, national and neighbourhood activities are being created and executed to constrain and moderate GHGs fixation in the Earth’s climate. The worldwide worry for reasonable improvement and environmental change has brought grouping of vitality strategy creators towards the sustainable power sources since these give vitality, without emanations of ozone depleting substances (GHGs) and are additionally plentiful asset accessible for future. In the present paper an endeavour has been made to depict the potential and use of little hydropower in India for the practical advancement of the nation.
RETRACTED: A Review: Role of Energy Resources in Development of India
Authors: Nira  , Shukla Aasheesh
Published: May 2021

This paper suggests that in the present period, energy is significant for the improvement of the nation. It is all in all correct to state through this paper that it is difficult to build up a nation without energy. Along these lines, it is essential to think about energy and its resources. It was likewise determined what approaches and steps the administration took to secure assets. It has likewise been clarified that assets ought to be utilized cautiously because there will be when non-standard energy assets will be nearly termination. So this should be kept in mind beforehand. If talk about standard energy resources, then it should be used more and more as it has many benefits such as no pollution, and this type of resource is very cheap So in the last, it is summed up that without energy assets, human life isn’t simple on the earth. Therefore, people should be used according to the need.
Development in Solar Cooking Technology in the Last Decade: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sawarn Harshita , Kumar Shukla Shailendra , Singh Rathore Pushpendra Kumar
Published: May 2021

Food is one amongst the important factors responsible for the existence of life on the earth. With the introduction of civilization, cooked food came and cooking continued because of the benefits and satisfaction it renders to human beings. Hence the energy consumption for cooking food is ever growing. Since the conventional non renewable sources used for cooking increases the cost of living by having direct or indirect impact on us and negative impact on environment that humans cannot afford, there is need to focus on solar cooking which can play a vital role in curbing this problem. In this literature,the development of solar cooker in the previous decade ie. 2010-2020 has been studied and focused. The sub topics discussed revolve around the development of solar cooker. The sub topics include the history of solar cooking, worldwide status of solar cooker, principle of solar cooking,testing approaches for solar cooking has been illustrated.
Analysis of advancement in Solar air heater (SAH) heat transfer expansion methods: A crisp review
Authors: mausam Kuwar , Rohatgi Raghav
Published: May 2021

The thermal efficiency of the solar air heater collectors is minimum when compared with liquid solar collectors due to the presence of a number of losses. There is a need to enhance the performance of these collectors. There are several techniques which are employed on the collectors to progress their performance by attaching different arrangement like turbulators, fins, porous matrix and using phase change material, etc. The modification on the collectors will also help in breaking the thermal viscous layer which is formed on the absorber surface. The thermal hotspots on the surface are reduced by acquainting with better thermal mixing of the fluids. The novel techniques are developed with the most innovative ideas by implementing the tubular collectors, double pass collectors, various geometrical ducts, etc. to reduce thermal losses. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become the effectual procedure to analyze the performance of these collectors. CFD has circumvented the experimental difficulties and is thus cost-effective. The parametric study of the different geometrical configurations supports in obtaining the optimum design and improved efficient device. This paper presents a crisp review of the recent works carried on the solar air heater (SAH).
Heat Transfer Analysis of Graphene Reinforced PCM for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Nagar Sumit
Published: May 2021

In this experiment, the charging rate of PCM is compared in the summer and winter seasons, while PCM does not charge effectively in winter season due to lower atmospheric temperature but such effects are not seen in summer season. The key objective of this analysis is to increase the thermal efficiency and charging rate by using different nano material concentrations (COOH) varying from 0.25 volume % to 0.75 volume %. This work also includes testing of thermal conductivity, density, specific heat and Nano fluid properties at varying functionalized graphene (COOH) concentrations and temperatures at the heat tranfer fluid (HTF) inlet. Paraffin wax is implemented as a PCM in this process and carboxylic group (COOH) based graphene is the nano material used. The present research’s outcome is that the PCM charging time decreases with increasing carboxylic (COOH) graphene concentration in terms of volume percentage. The charging time decreases with the mixing of carboxylic group (COOH) graphene concentration in this experiment in the winter season. The charging rate increases with graphene concentration, as opposed to without the nanomaterial PCM. In this experiment, In the short period of the process time, the significant volume of energy can be retained as charging period is decreased by 25% to 60% by the implementation the carboxylic group(COOH) based nano powder in PCM.
Operational Limitations of Heat Pipes with MgO-Water Nanofluid: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Singh Udayvir , Kumar Gupta Naveen
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the study of functional limits of heat pipes with MgO deionized (DI) water nano fluid as working fluid. The nano fluid is made with the help of two step method and it is surfactant free. The output has been analyzed with the increase in concentrations of MgO / DI water nano fluid (0.005%, 0.025% and 0.05 %) and at power input of (10 W, 30 W & 60 W), for covering operational range temperature of the electronic instruments. (<600C). On the basis of the thermo physical properties of the MgO/DI water nano fluid, the functional limits of heat pipe are determined. The changed of working fluids shows an improvement in boiling, pick up(entrainment), viscous and sonic limit except the capillary limit of heat pipe. The surfactant free nano fluids give good safety margin to the boiling limit of the heat pipe, with elimination of chances of locking due to vapor. The capillary limit reduces by the application of nano fluids due to increase in the vapor and liquid flow path resistance rather than capillary pressure in the evaporator section of heatpipe.
Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for harvesting energy environment
Authors: Kumari Mona , Kumar Ajitesh
Published: May 2021

Now a day, most of the electronic devices are battery operated and the performance of these devices is depend upon battery power. For the concern of feasible scheduling in real time operated system, need to manage battery power. The energy consumption in mobile devices is depends upon power management. In this article we proposed an optimal real time scheduling algorithm with constraint of harvesting energy, where every task set having flexible speed to manage the energy consumption. The experimental result shows that this optimal algorithm allows the task to execute on assigned speed that will reduce the overall energy consumption. Proposed algorithm give better management of harvesting energy and also gives 10- 15% better result in term of available energy after execution of task in compare to existing DVFS algorithm.
CuO Nanoparticle Enhanced Paraffin for Latent Heat Storage Applications
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Verma Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2021

Present work focuses on the chemical synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticle which is further doped in phase changing material (paraffin) in different doping concentrations. Thereafter the thermo physical property of nano-enhanced phase-changing material is investigated through XRD,FTIR,DSC,EDAX XRD and TEM results show that The grain sizes of CuO NPs are in the range of 5 to 17 nm. Chemical composition and surface morphology are shown by EDAX and FESEM. DSC analysis shows that maximum augmentation in latent heat of fusion and the melting temperature of NEPCM occurs for 2% of doping concentration nonmaterial which further decreases dramatically over 2%. of concentration.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Mechanical stirring and Ultrasonic Cavitation method
Authors: Gupta Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2021

Energy security and air pollution is the challenging issues now days. Biodiesel is an effective alternative fuel. In present study, biodiesel is prepared using waste cooking oil. Mechanical stirring and ultrasonic cavitation method is used to draw biodiesel. Present study showed that mechanical stirring method provides higher yield % as compared to ultrasonic cavitation method. The reaction time in case of ultrasonic cavitation is significantly lesser as compared to mechanical stirring method.
Rooftop Solar Installations for Demand Side Management - A Case Study
Authors: Sonawane Vijaykumar Pundlik , Soni Manoj S. , Lad Ajay Aniket
Published: May 2021

Renewable energy options, especially solar energy show a strong potential to replace conventional fossil fuel based electricity generation. Demand Side Management is a method of influencing the electricity consumers’ demand for electricity and thus reducing the load on distribution and generation companies. With the help of Demand Side Management tools, consumers are able to modify their demand in such a way that installation of new power plants could be avoided. This paper studies the load pattern in the industrial sector of Jalgaon, Maharashtra and their potential for rooftop solar installations. The impact of rooftop solar on the consumption schedule is studied considering the ‘Time of Day’ (TOD) tariff in place. Further, the importance of storage system is studied by comparing the daily savings for cases with and without storage availability. For the case when battery storage is available, a linear programming based optimization model is used to estimate the maximum possible savings from the installation. To run the optimization, simulation software used is MATLAB.
Comprehensive study of fluidization characteristics and variations of moisture content in fluidized bed drying of soybean
Authors: Sandip Kunwar , Paliwal H K , Sharma A K
Published: May 2021

In this exhaustive study, the investigation has been done on the strength of moisture content, air temperature and air entry speed on the drying kinetics and fluidization height during fluidized bed drying of soybean using electric heater as a heating medium. And it is obvious from the observing values, the height of the fluidized bed increased with the increment in inlet Vs and fluidization height decreased with lower inlet Vs. If the mass flow rate reduced, the corresponding height of the bed increased and vice versa for high mass flow rate. Fluidized bed drying was able to reduce drying time in comparison to the fixed bed and hence it could be used to reduce heterogeneity in the bed during drying. In drying kinetics, with the increase in drying parameters, rate constants and diffusivity have also increased.
Experimental analysis the compression and shear characteristics of municipal solid waste in hydraulic compactor machine for energy conversion
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Verma Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2021

In last few years, municipal waste generation and regulating are common problems forall over worldcountries. Conversions of waste to energy technologies arecreating manyend-products like electricity, thermal energy, fertilizer and biogas etc. Due to this, compression of solid waste has become compulsory to save the space in garbage carrying tuck, which is also known as hydraulic compactor machine. Hydraulic compactor machine is a garbage carrying compact truck after Compressing the garbage up to 50 to 60 percent more than the capacity of truck of municipal solid waste (MSW). Solid waste contains different component, high compressibilityfactor, and more water content. This study has been carried out with the municipal solid waste. The unpredictable compression mechanical characteristic varies with the simulation of solid waste compression process. The process shows the compression and shear characteristic analysisfor compressing garbage. Experimental analysis of the mechanical properties of solid waste, animportant test instrumentfor shear test and compression test was designed. Total fourteen tests on solid waste wereconducted as pe the designed test instrument and themodel parameters by analyzing testing data. At last, the defined characteristicstests were simulated ontested model and designed model factors werejustified. This paper gives us information for the mechanical behavior of garbage compression in hydraulic compactor for energy generation process.
Lithium-ion batteries recycling process: A comprehensive review
Authors: B Bhanu Prakash , Mahesh D , M Chandra Obul Reddy , Yeswanth T , M Balanagasrikrishnavenkata Ujwal
Published: May 2021

Lithium-ion batteries are used in high sum in the vehicle business. Presently nowadays these batteries are depended upon to finish the life of the vehicle, they won’t finish their accommodating life in colossal numbers for 10 to 15years. Lithium atom batteries applications in buyer contraptions and the mix and electric vehicles are quickly making, accomplishing the boosting assets interest, including the cobalt and the lithium. The reusing of batteries which will be need, not exclusively to reduce the utilization of the energy, yet additionally to encourage the deficiency of the noteworthy assets and shed the debasement of hazardous parts which towards the worthy undertakings identified with customer contraptions and crossbreed and electric vehicles. Breaking down reusing examples of spent lithium particle batteries, it presents the structure and sections of the batteries, and sum up all accessible single contacts in gathering mode development, including pre-treatment, optional treatment, and critical recuperation. Furthermore, different issues and prospect of the current reusing cycles will be introduced and investigated. It accepted that exertion would be enable further pay in spent of lithium atom batteries reusing and, in the thankfulness, and of its benefits.
A Review on Augmentation in Thermal Performance of Solar Water Heater using Phase Change Material
Authors: Karmveer  , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Alam Tabish
Published: May 2021

The nature of solar energy is intermittent due its variable magnitude in daytime and zero throughout the night or during overcast conditions, which limiting its use in hospitals and in various industrial and domestic applications particularly in water heating. Because of inconsistent nature of solar energy some type of thermal energy storage (TES) system is essential for its effectual utilization and to meet the energy demand at all the times. Phase change material (PCM) is a very good option for latent heat TES because of its high thermal storage density and isothermal behaviour at the time of charging and discharging. The PCM absorb 5 to 14 times more heat as comparison to sensible heat storge material such as water, stone, bricks or rocks etc. The PCM with nano-sized-particle can enhanced the performance of LHTS systems. In this review, ongoing research and development on the performance of solar water heater (SWH) incorporating with PCM’s and nano-embedded PCM is summarized and to provide viewpoint for future research and development.
Production Of Biofuel From Sesame Oil And Its Characterization As An Alternative Fuel For Diesel Engine
Authors: Mehra Kuber Singh , Pant Gaurav
Published: May 2021

Depletion of petroleum fuels and their rising cost have directed towards an intensive search for substitute fuels. In the present work, a potential feedstock for biodiesel production is identified as sesame oil biodiesel. Raw sesame oil is collected from the market and biodiesel from raw oil is produced through the trans-esterification process in the laboratory. A highest biodiesel yield of 92.1% was achieved, when esterification process is performed with 10:1 ethanol to oil ratio and 2.3% sodium hydroxide at 60 °C for 90 min. Thermo-physical properties are investigated with the help of different experimental apparatus. Comparison with Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 15607:2016) reveals the suitability of sesame oil biodiesel used as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engine. Experimental study is performed for different blends of sesame oil biodiesel and diesel fuel (SOEE20, SOEE40, SOEE60, SOEE80, SOEE100), mineral diesel and raw sesame oil to recognize the suitability of blends to be use as a fuel for diesel engine.
A Survey: Guiding principles, issues, and policies regarding Solar Energy in India
Authors: Nira
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a detailed review of energy resources has been carried out. In the current era, saving energy resources is the primary need for the development of the country. Solar energy is the natural energy resource that strongly supports the nation in many prospects. The government provides various policies that help people for conserving energy. Thusly, it is fundamental to consider energy and its assets. This article mainly consists of massive solar schemes or even greater transmission solar farms which produce power nationally and spread it across the network. In the event that discussion about standard energy assets, at that point it should be utilized increasingly more as it has numerous advantages, for example, no contamination, and this kind of asset is modest So in the last, it is summarized that without energy resources, human existence isn’t straightforward on the earth. Subsequently, people should be utilized by need.
A Mini Review: Hybridized Electric Discharge Machining
Authors: Agrawal Manoj Kumar , Sonia Pankaj
Published: May 2021

The miniaturization of technology in global current scenario make a necessity to innovate a new technology to meet the requirement. The machining and finishing is animportant operation of any manufacturing process and the miniaturization of technology create a need to invent a machining processes for micro and nanoscale machining for high strength alloys, sensitive material and environment. The hybridization of various conventional and un-conventional machining is the way to satisfy the adversative machining conditions by combining the two or many machining processes. The presented work reviewed the assistance of electric discharge machining (EDM) by various other processes or energy and impact of Laser assistance tomany other process by discussing their positive and deleterious aspects.
A Review on Heat Generation and Temperature Distribution Models in Friction stir Welding (FSW)
Authors: Singh Bharat , Sharma Shailesh , Kumar Veneet , Maheshwari Kunal , Singhal Piyush
Published: May 2021

Nowadays the higher fuel efficiency is a major concern in every developing field of technology and it is also a cause for the development of lightweight materials. There are many applications in which it is required to join two dissimilar lightweight materials. Friction stir welding (FSW) is the most crucial development for such types of applications. This technique helps in overcoming the challenges raised during the joining of two dissimilar materials due to their incompatibility with conventional welding techniques. The lightweight materials developed with the help of friction stir welding (FSW) have applications in various industrial sectors like automotive, electronics, shipbuilding, railways, marine, and many others. It is inevitable in joining the different grades of materials like magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, and low carbon steels without any weld defect. The thermal properties like heat generation and peak temperature also have a significant effect on the quality and strength of the weld joint. The thermal properties change the microstructure of the weld material and influence the mechanical properties of the welded material. This provides Temperature controlling methods so as to reduce the surface temperature and hence reduce the defects in the welded material. This present review article is based upon the summary of the work carried out by different researchers in the field of thermal modeling of the friction stir welding (FSW).
Knowledge Based Decision Support System in Steel Industries
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Kumar Sunil
Published: May 2021

Knowledge-based information system (KBIS) is a structure which is based on understanding, which develops approaches to aid people in decision-making and to gain knowledge of best business practices. Anticipations from these approaches are to converse with human beings but the essence and manner of aid given are important issues. DSS i.e Decision Support Systems is a peculiar kind of information system that eases the growth of product designs of viable quality, functional practices and business decision-making. Developing and executing a decision support program for a steel plant is an asking job. Various business functional fields like production and supply chain, product planning, marketing, and finance, which is required to take several censorious decisions. A KBIS clubbed with DSS will be very useful tool for steel industries in decision making. A detailed discussion on the structure of KBIS and DSS is carried out in this paper. A significant portion of this article is dedicated to the execution of KBDSS i.e knowledge based decision support system in steel industries. The article summarizes with the advantages and shortcomings of KBDSS execution.
Corrosive Behaviour of Friction Stir Al Alloy Welding Technique: A Review
Authors: Sharma Gyanendu , Singh Rudra Pratap
Published: May 2021

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a technique under which solid state joining process principal working upon the materials for infusing strength. As reported by myriad scholars FSW emphatically used in automobiles, air craft structures, ship building etc. With priority to consume alloys used aluminum as base metal. Due to their cost effectiveness and lighter in weight. We discussed alloys of 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx series to ascertain the corrosion nature of prime material. Aluminums may be heat treated or non-heat treated so we discussed the impact of various corrosive techniques for strengthening the alloys. This article elaborate about the corrosion behavior of the material over HAZ, NZ, TMAZ regions of welded part and ascertain the various process parameters under intergranular corrosion testing(ICG) & Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique under varying circumstances. Purpose of this paper is to enhance the fundamental skill of researchers in future for effectively dealt with the improvement of Aluminums alloys.
The Green logistics practices and its implementation in Indian Chemicals Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Bala Shashi , Tiwari Kamlesh , Khan Mohd. Shadab
Published: May 2021

This paper has tried to explore the various aspects of Green Logistics associated with industry, particularly the chemicals manufacturing industries in India. Greening of industrial processes and practices act as a factor for the survival of industries as well as the environment in a long run. The concept and application of Green Chemistry has been taken into account along with modern practices such as lean, agile manufacturing etc. The various other activities which may act as facilitators for the implementation or adoption of Green Logistics has also been considered. Finally a road map for its implementation is proposed for the Indian chemical manufacturing industries.
Influences and Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining of AISI 2205
Authors: Singh Bharat
Published: May 2021

The effective implementation of any machining process relies on its ability to machine the component with high efficiency and with excellent surface finish. Electrical discharge machining is a non-conventional method of machining which is well developed and is used for the manufacture of components which have geometrically complex shapes and intricate profiles. In the present research an attempt has been made to determine the optimized process parameters of electrical discharge machining of duplex stainless steel (DSS) AISI 2205. Process parameters are optimized and selected based on resulted material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). Taguchi method is used for design of experiments and their analyses to determine best suitable parameters for AISI 2205 machining.
Simulation of Turbulent Flow with High Reynolds Number over an Elliptical Cylinder
Authors: Rawat M K
Published: May 2021

A complex turbulent flow with high Reynolds number (Re= 5 × 105, 1 × 106, 2 × 106 and 3.6 × 106) over an elliptical cylinder, is investigated using 2D URANS equations with a standard k-ε turbulence model. The present study compares the effect of various upstream velocity profiles on the variations in flow characteristics along the surface of an elliptical cylinder having variable axis ratios. The comparison of results with the published data for a circular cylinder in cross flow shows the importance of axis ratio and other velocity profiles to reduce the drag force and variation in pressure distribution. Drag force over an elliptical cylinder is found to be lower than that of a circular cylinder. The drag force is seen to increase with increasing slenderness ratio. The drag coefficient of an elliptical cylinder with an axis ratio 0.6 is found to reduce by half as compared to that of a circular cylinder. The influence of slenderness ratio and velocity profile over back pressure recovery, flow separation and shear stress distribution is observed for an elliptical cylinder.
Key Components Identification in Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and their Evaluation Using ANOVA for Automobile Industry in Indian Context
Authors: Upadhyay Viyat Varun , Sharma Vikas
Published: May 2021

The latest market trend shows that generation of dissimilarity in demand is because of variation is required by market in goods. Lot of complexities like planning, forecasting is generated due to this demand. Market always have uncertainty in demand starting from raw material to the final product delivered to the customer. To reduce this uncertainty, the entire approach must be changed to some new techniques. This can be achieved by managing the company supply chain in a very efficient manner and by doing so they can have competitive advantage over others. Few components of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) vital for both vendors and clients are discussed in this paper. A comparison of degree of difficulty and importance is also done in this paper.
Vibration Characteristic Based Material Optimization of an Automated Wheelchair
Authors: Ahmad Faraz , sati Manish chandra , shahi Mukesh singh , Chauhan Aakash
Published: May 2021

The Multifunctional Wheelchair is an automatic vehicle which reduces the user’s efforts and time while moving from one place to another. A wheelchair is a backbone of a disable person and it must be strong enough to sustain the loading of humans. So in present study a motorised wheelchair was designed in Catia and analysed by Ansys on the basis of vibration frequency. Two different materials were analyzed for result comparison to find out the best suited material, which can sustain the failure under vibration and external loading. From the result it was found that aluminium T6 6061 material has higher resonance frequency than Stainless steel- 304. Furthermore aluminium T6 6061 material made base frame was analyzed by static structural analysis with 80 kg of person load. The Simulation result shows that the design wheelchair can sustain the applied loading, because the value of maximum stress in base frame was less than yield strength of used aluminium T6 6061 material.
Improving ride comfort by optimizing the parameters of a quarter car model with a power law damper
Authors: Paliwal V , Dobriyal R , Kumar P
Published: May 2021

Suspension systems play a very important role in the vehicle performance as they are directly linked to improve and enhance the comfort of passengers. The working of a suspension arrangement depends strongly on the selection of suspension parameters like the spring stiffness and the damping coefficient. In this present study the parameters of a passive suspension with a power law damper are optimized for motion over a bump using genetic algorithm technique keeping passenger comfort in mind. It is seen that the best combination of suspension parameters results in selection of higher damping, lower spring stiffness and a lower value of power law index. It is also seen that the increase in the values of damping power index will result in the reduction of the suspension performance.
Automation of Design & Modeling Aspects of Bush-Pin Coupling
Authors: Rajput Sandeep , Sharma Rajkumar , Kumar Mohit
Published: May 2021

As we know that the coupling is a device used for transmitting high torque from one shaft to another in industrial applications. In this paper designing and modeling of bush-pin coupling has been performed. The software MS-Excel, CATIA V5R20, and MATLAB are utilized for designing, modeling, and simulating the bush-pin coupling. The design and modeling process has been automated by the synchronization with MS-Excel and CATIA V520. This automated process will be helpful in the understanding concept of designing and modeling by the researcher and industrial experts. This process will also save time and energy which will be helpful in optimization of different input parameters to achieve high torque at low investment.
Review on alternative approaches to fabricate the Copper based Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) electrodes
Authors: Somani Nalin , Tyagi Yogesh Kumar , Kumar Parveen
Published: May 2021

Electric discharge machining (EDM) process is the category of the non-traditional and non-contact machining processes which is widely used in the industries for machining of difficult to machine materials and mainly utilized for fabrication of dies and high precision equipments. Machining performance of the EDM is mainly affected by the physical properties of the electrode. The ideal electrode of the EDM should have high electrical and thermal conductivity, high specific heat, better machinability and high wear and erosion resistance etc. A single material cannot fulfil all these requirements. This paper presents the review of alternative approaches to fabricate the electric discharge machining electrodes by using different process.
Optimization of Cooling Fan Speed for Heat Transfer Enhancement of Electronic Chip Using CFD
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kukreja Nitin
Published: May 2021

Demand of high-performance personal computers have highly increased today which in turn has increased the need for the efficient cooling system. In heat transfer through forced convection phenomenon, the former depends upon the variation in fluid velocity. The analysis of this paper results that variation in fluid velocity plays a key role in increasing the heat transfer rate and helps to meet the desired cooling environment for the safe performance of electronic components. The fan location is fixed above the chip and fluid velocity is varied and behavior of heat transfer rate is visualized for better design of the cooling system. Simulation has been carried out on ANSYS 15.0 (modeling on ICEM CFD & results from FLUENT). The k-ॉ turbulence model has been applied.
Android and Cloud-Based Application Development to Predict Remaining Age of Four-Wheeled Vehicle Brake Pad with Varied Driving Behaviour
Authors: Nugroho H S , Dewantoro M A , Anindito A
Published: May 2021

One important component in a vehicle is the braking system. The main function of the braking system is to provide deceleration to stop the vehicle speed. One important part of the braking component is the brake lining. But to know the physical condition of the brake lining, it is necessary to dismantle the wheel and brake components. So that one of the initial stages of development is to make an application that can predict the remaining life of the brake lining without having to do the demolition. Therefore, this study will design the calculation with the physical condition monitoring approach of the brake lining itself. In addition, in this study, the author will try to find a relationship between driving behaviour and its effect on the wear rate of the brake lining. After testing the road with 3 different driving behaviours, it was found that the driver with eco behaviour would consume 0.42%, normal behaviour as much as 1.65% and sport behaviour as much as 44.96% of the thickness of the original brake lining. There was a significant result in sports driving behaviour because in this behaviour the braking pressure and temperature will be very high when compared to eco and normal. Furthermore, the application error which obtained from the application was higher than the other two behaviour.
FEM analysis of water surface profile using VOF Method
Authors: Sharma Avdhesh Kumar , Dixit Prashant Kumar , Srivastava Shashank
Published: May 2021

The prediction of water surface elevation in open channels is important for evaluation and determination of the heights of side wall of structures in open channel systems. At present empirical equations are basically used for the purpose. In the early half of the 19th century experimental approach was mainly used but it had the drawbacks of laborious data collection and instrument operation limitation. The 3D flow behavior or some complex turbulent structure which is the nature of any open channel flow, cannot be effectively captured through experiments, so in these circumstances, computational approach can be adopted to overcome these obstacles. In comparison to experimental studies computational approach is repeatable, can simulate at full scale, can generate the flow taking all the data points into consideration. The motive of the present work is to use the simple geometry of the rectangular broad crested weir to test the commercial CFD software ANSYS-CFX in order to test its feasibility for implementation in more complex open channel flows. The experimental results of Hager & Schwalt’s are validated and then the analysis has been done for weirs with different slopes.
A review of SPSAH and DPSAH characteristics by variation of fluid profile in the duct
Authors: Neelothpal B , Dogra S
Published: May 2021

The thermal performance of solar air heaters can be enhanced by increasing the rate of heat transfer. The thermal performance of DPSAH is higher than that of SPSAH based on the study of various researchers. Many researchers have studied the performance analysis of solar air heaters with various heat transfer enhancement techniques like using fins, corrugated absorber plate, packed bed, generating turbulence to the flow. By using ribs of different geometrical shapes and sizes attached to the absorber plate turbulence increases which in turn increases the thermal and thermo-hydraulic performances of the solar air heater. The paper presents the study of the research carried on various processes used to increase turbulence and so thermal performance of SPSAH and DPSAH.
A review to explore different meshless methods in various Structural problems
Authors: Kumar Manish , Jha Aditya Kumar , Bhagoria Yash , Gupta Pankaj
Published: May 2021

In this work, authors are actively showcasing the finding of recent papers using meshless method in different structure problems which are either 1-D, 2-D, 3-D problems or problems related to composite material. Also presents the comparison of research going in that field of most common and widely used method, i.e. most widely used method of finite element (FEM). Over the past few decades meshless methods where implemented into many application areas which are ranging from long established problems related to astral physics to that of solid mechanics problem also in engineering and mathematical models, vibration and fluid mechanics investigation and optimization of the numerical results of the equation of partial differential problems. From critical reviews of different meshless methods, authors have suggested the applicability of different meshless method to improve computational efficiency.
Artificial Intelligence based Temporal Material Identification for Improving Qulaity of Service in Communication
Authors: Shekhar Shashi
Published: May 2021

The artificial intelligence based learning model helps in identifying temporal material by processing linguistic terms that express time duration in code mixed data. The data available on social media contents are written in mixed script format and from this content temporal material content identification is a challenging task. The retrieval of temporal information and its corresponding time duration expression terms can be identified using artificial intelligence technique based neural learning model. The temporal retrieval and its time duration representation are widely used to present the opinions over the social media. The work described in the paper gives the comparative view of different techniques used in the area of transliteration. The rule framed approach is presented which accepts the roman form text as input and as per the defined rules the system is developed to give the temporal details words available in the sentence. The evaluation measures used here to validate the hypothesis is based on statistical measures along with HLSTM learning model. Further the result is validated using the voting technique that can choose appropriate Temporal label which are not identifies by the learning model. The applied neural learning approach increases the precision value.
Early Stress Detection and Analysis using EEG signals in Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Agrawal Jharna , Gupta Manish , Garg Hitendra
Published: May 2021

Stress, a psychological phenomenon that represents the body’s natural defense against predators and danger, has emerged as the biggest social problem of the 21st century especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Various techniques or methods such as PET, ECG, EMG, MRI exist to detect and quantify stress. Physiological features produced throughout the brain’s electrical activity are documented by a medical technique known as an electroencephalogram (EEG).

In this context, this paper posits a comparative analysis of the above-described methods of stress detection and accentuates on stress detection methodology using EEG signals, as EEG is a perfect non-invasive tool, widely used in clinical and research domains. The fractal dimension (FD) method, which is an indicator of curve irregularities, has been used in the detection of stress for feature extraction, applying three FD algorithms viz. Higuchi, Katz and Permutation Entropy. For classification, this study aims to apply and compare a number of classic machine learning algorithms based on accuracy, precision and sensitivity. This paper also presents a novel architecture, based on EEG analysis in MATLAB, fractal dimension used for feature extraction along with Machine Learning processes for classification i.e., Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network which is useful for early-stage stress detection, analyzing different stress levels viz. mild, moderate and high accuracy and providing ways for people to cope with stress in order to enhance their performance.
Human Bone fracture prognosis using Income inequality based Texture Feature and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yadav D. P. , Sharma Gaurav
Published: May 2021

Bone fracture and related bone problems are most common throughout the world; people in every country are facing problems related to bone fracture. These are the prime reasons for bone fracture like due to some severe accident, or there may be chance that a person suffering from disease which weakens the bones like Osteoporosis or cancer. Therefore it is very much needed to quickly and accurately diagnose the affected area before giving any cure or treatment. Here we are proposing the technique through which we can detect and classify the fractured or healthy bones clearly, accurately and quickly. It works like a doctor’s tool and reduce his workload. Previous research work and data set is focused simply on classification of fractured bones but our research is capable of not only to classify and detect the fractured bone but the healthy bones as well, by considering data set consist of different types of human bones. The proposed approach analyzes the texture features for the bone diagnosis. In this regards, we performed performance analysis of the model using four GLCM (Gray Label Co-occurrence Matrix) texture features with and without Gini Index. The performance of the model using GLCM texture feature with Gini index is significantly improved. The proposed texture featured based SVM model have achieved the accuracy of 95% for the fracture bone.
Review of FET Ring mixer topologies for wireless communication
Authors: Raghav Muskan , Chaturvedi Abhay
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an important component of the radio frequency transceiver called as mixer. It is a critical component and plays an important role as it has the ability for frequency conversion in RF systems. This paper focuses on double balanced ring topology of passive mixers. Ring mixer is one of the best example of passive mixers because of double balanced in nature. Double balanced is one of the most widely used topology as it suppresses both LO and RF at the output the of mixer. Various techniques have been used to improve the performance of standard topology of the ring mixer such as noise figure, linearity, conversion gain and port isolation, so these techniques have been re-viewed and compared with the previous studies. This paper also have brief discussion about a useful passive circuitry say balun and its designing with mixer as this is generally used to convert single ended signal to differential signal.