bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Daylighting Simulation Programs
Authors: Gábrová Lenka , Hlásková Michaela , Vajkay František
Published: January 2016

Daylighting simulation programs use different methods and algorithms for illuminance calculations in buildings. It is widely known that results of different lighting simulation programs does not have to be the same for two or more identical rooms. Hence CIE issued Technical Report 171: 2006 which presents test cases to assess the accuracy of lighting computer programs. However, these test cases are simple and the accuracy of daylighting computer programs can be different for more complex cases. The purpose of this paper is a comparison of differences in the results computed by various daylighting simulation programs for selected test cases according to CIE 171: 2006 and for more complex cases.
Green Building – Towards Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Bielek Boris
Published: January 2016

The economic activities of man. The increase in the volume of emissions in atmosphere. The rise of global temperature. The biocapacity of the Earth. Ecological footprint. Ecological debt. Renewable sources of energy as a tool for increasing the capital of nature. A united energy market from fossil sources and renewable sources. Transformation of an economy to low energy and low emission technologies for manufacturing and to ecologically clean manufacturing products. The reaction of world science in the field of technology in architecture. Climate defined by physical and chemical parameters. Green architecture. Strategic fields for saving or rational utilization of green buildings – material, energy and water resources. Trends in the application of green building in the field of materials (to ecologically clean materials and the ecological manufacturing of materials), in the field of energy (to ecologically clean resources and ecological energy conversion) and in the field of water (to ecologically clean natural resources and their ecological protection). Sustainable development of society. Green building, process of creating the design and structure of the project ́s strategy. Basic structure of the strategy defining the principles and concepts of green building. Internal structure of the strategy emphasizing the principles and concepts of green building.
Toward Visual Accessibility in the Built Environment: The ViDeA Project
Authors: Maringer Magdalena , Wolosiuk Dawid , Hauck Nico , Pont Ulrich , Vogelauer Christian , Fürst Elmar , Buser Fritz , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2016

In the last decades, the general awareness with regard to the topic of universal design (or design for all) has been steadily increasing. As a consequence, more attention is being paid to the requirements of all segments of population (specifically including those with certain perceptual and/or motoric limitations). Nonetheless, additional efforts toward improving pertinent regulations, design practices, and relevant technologies are needed. Specifically, the field of visual accessibility in the built environment has not received the same level of consideration as some other areas of universal design. Given this background, the present contribution reports on the most recent progress made in the course of the ongoing ViDeA research project. This research effort aims primarily at the development of effective means toward supporting the design and implementation of visually accessible solutions in the built environment. Thereby, a central objective is to enhance the mobility of people with sight restriction. Visually impaired people primarily orient themselves based on their residual eyesight. The optimization of lighting solutions represents a highly critical measure toward creating environmental circumstances in which the remaining eyesight can be optimally utilised. The main components of the ViDeA project are as follows: An original set of optometric experiments, the evaluation of a number of use cases and the development of a computational tool for architects and engineers in order to facilitate the evaluation of visual accessibility criteria of projects. The deliverables of the ViDeA project are expected to enhance the quality of visual performance guidelines and augment the capabilities of simulation-based design optimization tools.
Renal Collecting System Anatomy in Living Kidney Donors by Computed Tomographic Urography: Protocol Accuracy Compared to Intravenous Pyelographic and Surgical Findings
Authors: Tarzamni Mohammad Kazem , Nezami Nariman , Zomorrodi Afshar , Fathi-Noroozlou Samad , Piri Reza , Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad , Mojadidi Mohammad Khalid , Bijan Bijan
Published: January 2016

Objectives:

To evaluate the accuracy of triple-bolus computed tomography urography (CTU) as a surrogate of intravenous pyelography (IVP) for determining the anatomy of the urinary collecting system in living kidney donors.

Materials and Methods:

In an analytic descriptive cross-sectional study, 36 healthy kidney donors were recruited during 12 months. Preoperative IVP and CTU were utilized to evaluate kidneys’ anatomy; major and minor calyces and variation were used as anatomical indices to compare the accuracy of CTU and IVP; the images were then compared to surgical findings.

Results:

Thirty-six kidney donors (92% male; mean age: 28 ± 6 years) were enrolled in this study. The kappa coefficient value was significant and almost perfect for the CTU and IVP findings in detecting the pattern of calyces (kappa coefficient 0.92, asymptotic 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.97). Anatomic variations or anomalies of the urinary collecting system included the bifid pelvis (5.6%), duplication (8.3%), and extra-renal pelvis (2.8%). Both the sensitivity and specificity of CTU in the detection of the anatomy and variations were 100%; the sensitivity and specificity of IVP were 83.3% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The triple-bolus preoperative CTU can be considered an alternative to IVP for assessing the anatomy of the urinary collecting system.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia and its perioperative management in head trauma: A rare and challenging situation
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Khan Abdul , Kumar Nilesh , Bindra Ashish , Mahajan Charu , Goyal Keshav
Published: January 2016

Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare inherited coagulation disorder, manifesting itself in early childhood as bleeding episodes. The patients with this disease may present with uncontrollable bleeding following trauma. We report a patient of Glanzmann syndrome with head injury, who presented to us following fall from stairs. Platelet transfusion is the mainstay of treatment in emergency situations. As patients generally have a history of platelet transfusion they may be refractory to the same. Leuko reduced or human leukocyte antigen matched platelets should be used. Recombinant factor VIIa can be used to control bleeding in refractory cases and in patients with antibodies against platelets. Anti-fibrinolytics can also be used as adjuvants. There is need of advanced perioperative coagulation screening spot tests in emergency trauma settings as routine coagulation tests may not be able to pick up the abnormality. Thromboelastography/thromboelastometry can be a great tool for perioperative management of such coagulation disorders.
Papaverine is a confounding factor in neurological assessment after cerebral aneurysm clipping: Report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sheshadri Veena , Surve Rohini , Chandramouli B.
Published: January 2016

Intracisternal papaverine instillation is being used across many centers after cerebral aneurysm clipping to prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm. Pupillary dilatation secondary to papaverine can interfere with the neurological assessment postoperatively. This report describes pupillary changes in three patients following the papaverine application after craniotomy and aneurysm clipping, with one patient developing contralateral pupillary dilatation and the other two having bilateral pupillary dilatation. The pupillary changes resolved over 30 min to 4 h postoperatively. We conclude that pupillary changes following papaverine instillation could be a transient phenomenon and should not be considered ominous in absence of new onset neurological deficits. Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring also helped in postoperative decision making in all our cases.
Comparison of bispectral index and entropy monitoring in patients undergoing internalisation of deep brain stimulators
Authors: Bharadwaj Suparna , Nagappa Mahesh , Tan Audrey , Mehta Jigesh , Manninen Pirjo , Venkatraghavan Lashmi
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Depth of anaesthesia (DOA) monitors are shown to reduce the intra-operative dose of anaesthetic agents, provide haemodynamic stability and shorten emergence times. Electroencephalography (EEG) based DOA monitors such as bispectral index (BIS) and entropy have been calibrated and validated in healthy subjects. Hence the clinical effectiveness of these monitors may be affected when monitoring patients with neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, dystonia, dementia and Parkinson’s disease). The aim of this study was to determine whether BIS and entropy correlate with each other and with clinical indices of DOA in patients with movement disorders under general anaesthesia (GA). Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study in patients with movement disorders undergoing internalization of deep brain stimulators. All patients received standard GA with age-adjusted mean alveolar concentration (aaMAC) of an inhalational agent between 0.7 and 1.1. BIS and entropy sensors were applied on the patient’s left forehead. Data collected included clinical parameters and EEG-based DOA indices. Correlation analysis was performed between entropy, BIS and the clinical indices of DOA. Bland Altman analysis was performed to determine the agreement between BIS and entropy. Results: Thirty patients were studied (mean age was 58.4 ± 11 years, male: female 18:12 and weight 79.2 ± 17 kg). Indications for deep brain stimulation were Parkinson’s disease (n = 25), essential tremors (n = 2) and dystonia (n = 3). There was a very strong positive correlation between BIS and response entropy (RE) (r = 0.932) and BIS and state entropy (SE) (r = 0.950) and a strong negative correlation among aaMAC and BIS, RE and SE with r values of −0.686, −0.788 and −0.732, respectively. However, there was no correlation between BIS, RE, SE and haemodynamic values. Conclusion: Our study showed that BIS and entropy perform well in patients with movement disorders. There was a good correlation between the BIS and entropy devices. Haemodynamic parameters were not reliable indicators of DOA in these patients.
Экспонента $G$-пространств и изовариантные экстензоры
Authors: Ageev Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: January 2016

Исследуется эквивариантная версия теоремы Кертиса-Шори-Веста. Установлено, что для невырожденного $G$-континуума Пеано $\mathbb X$ с действием компактной абелевой группы Ли $G$ экспонента $\exp\mathbb X$ эквиморфна максимальному эквивариантному гильбертову кубу в том и только том случае, когда свободная
часть $\mathbb X_{\mathrm{free}}$ плотна в $\mathbb X$, а также, что приведенное условие является достаточным для эквиморфности $\mathbb X$ и $\mathbb Q$ в случае действия произвольной компактной группы
Ли $G$. Ключ к доказательству этих результатов лежит в теории универсальных (в смысле Пале) $G$-пространств.
Библиография: 28 названий.
Association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and biological markers among adults with HIV
Authors: Loprinzi, PhD Paul D. , Martin, BA Carissa , Kane, PhD Christy , Walker, EdD Jerome F.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and CD4+ T cells and various biological markers among those with HIV. Data from the 2003- 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days. A blood sample was used to detect HIV and measure various biological parameters. Nineteen adults between 18 and 48 years of age had HIV and provided sufficient accelerometry data. Physical activity was not associated with CD4+ T cells. After adjustments, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (r = −0.44), fasting glucose (r = −0.78), and waist circumference (r = −0.45). These findings suggest that HIV-infected individuals are similar to those in the general population in that that their bodies are able to adapt to the many benefits associated with physical activity.
A new global interior ocean mapped climatology: the 1° × 1° GLODAP version 2
Authors: Lauvset Siv K. , Key Robert M. , Olsen Are , van Heuven Steven , Velo Anton , Lin Xiaohua , Schirnick Carsten , Kozyr Alex , Tanhua Toste , Hoppema Mario , Jutterström Sara , Steinfeldt Reiner , Jeansson Emil , Ishii Masao , Perez Fiz F. , Suzuki Toru , Watelet Sylvain
Published: January 2016

Abstract. We here present the new GLODAP version 2 (GLODAPv2) mapped climatology, which is based on data from all ocean basins up to and including 2013. In contrast to its predecessor, GLODAPv1.1, this climatology also covers the Arctic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The quality controlled and internally consistent data product files of GLODAPv2 (Olsen et al., 2015; Key et al., 2015) were used to create global 1° × 1° mapped climatologies of total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) mapping method. Climatologies were created for 33 standard pressure surfaces. To minimize the risk of translating temporal variability in the input data to spatial variations in the mapped climatologies, layers with pressures of 1000 dbar, or less, were mapped for two different time periods: 1986–1999 and 2000–2013, roughly corresponding to the "WOCE" and "CLIVAR" eras of global ocean surveys. All data from the 1972–2013 period were used in the mapping of pressures higher than 1000 dbar. In addition to the marine CO2 chemistry parameters listed above, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, oxygen, salinity and theta were also mapped using DIVA. For these parameters all data from the full 1972–2013 period were used on all 33 surfaces. The GLODAPv2 global 1° × 1° mapped climatologies, including error fields and ancillary information have been made available at the GLODAPv2 web page at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/GLODAPv2/).
Earth System Modelling on System-level Heterogeneous Architectures: EMAC (version 2.42) on the Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform (DEEP)
Authors: Christou M. , Christoudias T. , Morillo J. , Mallon D. A. , Merx H.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. We examine an alternative approach to heterogeneous cluster-computing in the many-core era for Earth System models, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model as a pilot application on the Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform (DEEP). A set of autonomous coprocessors interconnected together, called Booster, complements a conventional HPC Cluster and increases its compute performance, offering extra flexibility to expose multiple levels of parallelism and achieve better scalability. The EMAC model atmospheric chemistry code (Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (MECCA)) was taskified with an offload mechanism implemented using OmpSs directives. The model was ported to the MareNostrum 3 supercomputer to allow testing with Intel Xeon Phi accelerators on a production-size machine. The changes proposed in this paper are expected to contribute to the eventual adoption of Cluster-Booster division and Many Integrated Core (MIC) accelerated architectures in presently available implementations of Earth System Models, towards exploiting the potential of a fully Exascale-capable platform.
A new step-wise Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System using multiple data streams to constrain the simulated land surface carbon cycle
Authors: Peylin P. , Bacour C. , MacBean N. , Leonard S. , Rayner P. J. , Kuppel S. , Koffi E. N. , Kane A. , Maignan F. , Chevallier F. , Ciais P. , Prunet P.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Large uncertainties in Land surface models (LSMs) simulations still arise from inaccurate forcing, incorrect model parameter values and incomplete representation of biogeochemical processes. The recent increase in the number and type of carbon cycle related observations, including both in situ and remote sensing measurements, has opened a new road to optimize model parameters via robust statistical model-data integration techniques, in order to reduce the simulated carbon fluxes and stocks uncertainties. In this study we present a Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) that assimilates three major data streams, namely MODIS-NDVI observations of vegetation activity, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and latent heat (LE) flux measurements at more than 70 sites (FLUXNET), and atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 53 surface stations, in order to optimize the main parameters of the ORCHIDEE LSM (around 180 parameters in total). The system relies on a step-wise approach that assimilates each data stream in turn, propagating the information gained on the parameters from one step to the next. Overall, the ORCHIDEE model is able to achieve a consistent fit to all three data streams, which suggests that current LSMs have reached the level of development to assimilate these observations. The assimilation of MODIS-NDVI (step 1) reduced the growing season length in ORCHIDEE for temperate and boreal ecosystems, thus decreasing the global mean annual gross primary production (GPP). Using FLUXNET data (step 2) led to large improvements in the seasonal cycle of the NEE and LE fluxes for all ecosystems (i.e., increased amplitude for temperate ecosystems). The assimilation of atmospheric CO2, using the atmospheric transport model LMDz (step 3), provides an overall constraint (i.e., constraint on large scale net CO2 fluxes), resulting in an improvement of the fit to the observed atmospheric CO2 growth rate. Thus the optimized model predicts a land C sink of around 2.2 PgC.yr−1 (for the 2000–2009 period), which is more compatible with current estimates from the Global Carbon Project (GCP) than the prior value. The consistency of the step-wise approach is evaluated with backcompatibility checks. The final optimized model (after step 3) does not significantly degrade the fit to MODIS-NDVI and FLUXNET data that were assimilated in the first two steps, suggesting that a stepwise approach can be used instead of the more “challenging” implementation of a simultaneous optimization in which all data streams are assimilated together. Most parameters, including the scalar of the initial soil carbon pool size, changed during the optimization with a large error reduction. This work opens new perspectives for better predictions of the land carbon budgets.
Moderate Greenland ice sheet melt during the last interglacial constrained by present-day observations and paleo ice core reconstructions
Authors: Langebroek P.M. , Nisancioglu K.H.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. During the last interglacial period (LIG, ~ 130–115 ka before present, ka = 1000 yr) summer temperatures over Greenland were several degrees higher than today. It is likely that the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) was smaller than today, contributing to the reconstructed sea-level highstand of the LIG. However, the range of simulated GIS melt is large, and the location of the melt is uncertain. Here, we use temperature and precipitation patterns simulated by the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) to investigate the volume, extent and stability of the GIS during the LIG. Present-day observations of ice sheet size, elevation and stability, together with paleo elevation information from five deep ice cores, are used to evaluate our ensemble of GIS simulations. Accepted simulations indicate a maximum GIS reduction equivalent to a global mean sea-level rise of 0.8–2.2 m compared to today, with most of the melt occurring in the southwest. The timing of the maximum ice melt over Greenland is simulated between 124 and 122 ka. We furthermore suggest a preferred mean value for the basal sliding parameter, relatively high PDD factors and an average to high atmospheric temperature lapse rate based on training the SICOPOLIS ice sheet model to observations and available LIG proxy data.
McCullen v. Coakley and Dying Buffer Zone Laws
Authors: Gogniat Susan L.
Published: January 2016

None
The European Distribution of Sus Scrofa. Model Outputs from the Project Described within the Poster – Where are All the Boars? An Attempt to Gain a Continental Perspective
Authors: Alexander Neil Stewart , Massei Giovanna , Wint William
Published: January 2016

Wild boar is a host of a number of arthropod-vectored diseases and its numbers are on the rise in mainland Europe. The species potentially impacts ecosystems, humans and farming practices and so its distribution is of interest to policy makers in a number of fields beyond that of the primarily epidemiological goal of this study.Three statistical model outputs describing the distribution and abundance of the species Sus scrofa (Wild boar) are included in this data package. The extent of this dataset covers continental Europe. These data were presented as a poster [1] at the conference Genes, Ecosystems and Risk of Infection (GERI 2015).The first of the three models provide a European map presenting the probability of presence of Sus scrofa, which can be used to describe the likely geographical distribution of the species. The second and third models provide indices to help describe the likely abundance across the continent. The two indices include “the proportion of suitable habitat where presence is estimated” and a simple classification of boar abundance across Europe using quantiles of existing abundance data and proxies.
The Impact of Applying the Electronic Cheque Clearing System on Employees’ Satisfaction in Accounting Departments’ of Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Qatawneh Adel M. , Aldhmour Fairouz M. , Aldmour Lara T.
Published: January 2016

This study aims to investigate the impact of applying the electronic cheque clearing system on employees’ satisfaction in Accounting Departments’ of Jordanian Islamic banks. The population of this study was the employees who work at the Accounting Departments. A random sample of (150) employees who work in Accounting departments, particularly clearing directory in the Islamic Banks in Jordan were chosen to be the sample of the study. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed to the employees who work in clearing directory and those who worked in this directory in the Islamic Banks in Jordan. The results indicate that there is a weak impact of the independent variable the applying ECC system (Reliability, Responsiveness, Tangibility and Privacy) on the dependent variable (Employees’ Satisfaction) in Jordanian Islamic banks. Against expectation, the results show that only Tangibility has a positive and significant relationship with ‘Employees’ Satisfaction. The researchers recommended that employees’ satisfaction in bank sector may affect customers’ satisfaction positively or negatively because most of employees in this sector deal with customers face to face.
Towards a Conceptualization and an Operationalization of the Construct of Employee Engagement
Authors: Iddagoda Y. Anuradha , Opatha H. H. D. N. P. , Gunawardana Kennedy D.
Published: January 2016

Employees are generally considered as the most important resource needed for an organization to achieve its main goals. Realization of goals achievement heavily depends on the extent to which these employees are engaged in their jobs and their organization. Employee engagement is a factor that contributes positively to employee productivity and then organizational effectiveness. It reveals that a conceptual confusion exists with regard to the meaning of employee engagement owing to that the concept has been defined by different scholars in different ways and also that there are several associated terms such as job satisfaction, job involvement, work involvement, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior which have been used in the literature, either synonymously or non-synonymously. Further a question arises to decide whether employee engagement is an attitude or a behavior. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of employee engagement that results in formulating a working definition for research purposes involving the construct, and to explore its dimensions and elements for the purpose of measuring the construct.
Performance Indicators for Quality, Innovation, and Competitiveness： A Survey on the Saudi Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Al-Shuaibi Khalid , Zain Mohamed , Kassim Norizan
Published: January 2016

This study examines the relationships between quality, innovation, competitiveness, and financial performance of firms. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey involving 223 Saudi companies and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that innovation positively influences quality and the latter has a significant positive influence on the competitiveness of the firms. As expected, both quality and innovation indicators have an indirect influence on the financial performance of the firms through competitiveness. Therefore, this study discovers the important mediating role played by competitiveness in the positive effects of quality and innovation on financial performance of the firms. Finally, we found significant positive effects of competitiveness on financial performance of the firms. Managerial implications are also discussed.
La movilidad geográfica de búlgaros y rumanos durante la Gran Recesión en España
Authors: Viruela Rafael
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las pautas de movilidad de los inmigrantes procedentes de Bulgaria y Rumania durante la grave crisis económico-laboral que afecta a España. La información utilizada procede de entrevistas en profundidad a migrantes búlgaros y rumanos, que se completa con datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y del Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social. Los resultados muestran el fuerte incremento de la movilidad interprovincial de trabajadores, sobre todo en los primeros años y con un destacado protagonismo de los varones, y el progresivo aumento de la migración internacional, que adopta diversas formas: retorno, migración circular entre el lugar de origen y el de destino y emigración a un tercer país. Han emigrado familias completas, pero los hombres también predominan en las salidas.
Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad social en poblaciones afectadas por el peligro de inundación: el caso de Águilas (Murcia, sureste ibérico)
Authors: Pérez Morales Alfredo , Navarro Hervás Francisca , Álvarez Rogel Yolanda
Published: January 2016

En esta investigación se realiza una valoración de la vulnerabilidad social del riesgo de inundación por avenida mediante la construcción de un índice en una población del litoral murciano. Para ello se tuvieron en cuenta los principales indicadores socioeconómicos y sociodemográficos disponibles en el INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística). Mediante la aplicación de un análisis multivariante sobre los indicadores elegidos, se redujo el número de variables y se hallaron los factores intervinientes ocultos. De la combinación de estos con el resultado de una encuesta de percepción previa, se obtuvo el valor final de vulnerabilidad social mejorando el número de dimensiones que se suelen considerar en la construcción de dichos índices. Con los resultados se elaboró una cartografía a nivel de sección censal, a fin de identificar aquellos sectores que, por su condición social evaluada mediante el índice, son susceptibles de experimentar un mayor impacto por inundación.
Actividades creativas, transformaciones urbanas y paisajes emergentes. El caso del casco norte de Sevilla
Authors: García García Antonio , Fernández Salinas Víctor , Caravaca Barroso Inmaculada , González Romero Gema
Published: January 2016

La literatura científica sobre las actividades creativas se centra frecuentemente en su capacidad para incidir en la dinámica de ciudades, sobre todo metrópolis y regiones urbanas, y territorios centrales, siendo menos frecuentes los estudios sobre núcleos periféricos. En estos, tales actividades presentan menor capacidad para cambiar tendencias y, también, para manifestarse en el imaginario urbano, entendido tanto desde la perspectiva del paisaje como de las percepciones de los ciudadanos. Este artículo plantea esta perspectiva y parte del axioma de que no es posible entender los nuevos procesos de ciudades menos centrales sin tener en cuenta, aun con una presencia menor, la existencia de las actividades creativas. Todo ello se aplica al estudio de caso del casco norte de Sevilla, ciudad media en el contexto europeo y capital de una región periférica, Andalucía, pero con importantes cambios en sus dinámicas internas durante los años del actual proceso de reestructuración socioeconómica.
Aplicación de un modelo geográfico con información climática para el cálculo del balance hídrico de la comarca de la Marina Baja (Alicante)
Authors: Zaragozí Zaragozí Benito , Ramón Morte Alfredo , Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo analiza las nuevas tendencias en la creación y gestión de información geográfica, para la elaboración de modelos inductivos basados exclusivamente en bases de datos geográficas. Estos modelos permiten integrar grandes volúmenes de datos de características heterogéneas, lo que supone una gran complejidad técnica y metodológica. Se propone una metodología que permite conocer detalladamente la distribución de los recursos hídricos naturales en un territorio y derivar numerosas capas de información que puedan ser incorporadas a estos modelos «ávidos de datos» (data-hungry). La zona de estudio escogida para aplicar esta metodología es la comarca de la Marina Baja (Alicante), para la que se presenta un cálculo del balance hídrico espacial mediante el uso de herramientas estadísticas, geoestadísticas y Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Finalmente, todas las capas de información generadas (84) han sido validadas y se ha comprobado que su creación admite un cierto grado de automatización que permitirá incorporarlas en análisis de Minería de Datos más amplios.
Current Methods for the Analysis of Selected Novel Nutrients in Infant Formulas and Adult Nutritionals
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Indyk Harvey E , Woollard David C
Published: January 2016

Infant formula is designed to provide the human infant with a sole source of nutrition and it is intended to imitate breast milk. In recent years, advances in the science of infant nutrition have led to an increasing number of novel ingredients that are supplemented into infant formula. As the list of these nutritionally important nutrients is lengthy, this review summarizes contemporary analytical methods that have been applied to a representative selection (lutein, carnitine, choline, nucleotides, inositol, taurine, sialic acid, gangliosides, triacylglycerides, oligosaccharides, α-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin).
BULLYING NA ESCOLA
Authors: Aparecida Grillo Mariana , Caroline Silva Santos Ana
Published: January 2016

This article intends to conduct an analysis and reflection of one of the important issues which it is education: bullying, because it is a violence that occurs in the school of repetitive and deliberate manner in which its consequencescan cause damage significant to emotional training, psychological and socio-educational of the victim, if the student. Note that bullying is increasing in epidemic form in schools and its effects are traumatizing students to witness and those who suffer the action, because it is violence with deliberate and repetitive character. In terms of overall objective, conduct yourself will this article in order to obtain information about bullying in the school environment, more specifically will address: The Bullying conceptions; Investigate the causes and consequences can be seen in the behavior of students; To study the key players of Bullying in school. Thus, it is a qualitative methodological approach that will make the use of literature by various authors for the issue of deepening. It resulted contribute in the actions of professionals in the face of violence. Therefore, it is concluded that the school is a place of learning, where change is necessary, both in order to act as the thinking of people and students.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA FAMÍLIA JUNTO À ESCOLA NO APRENDIZADO FORMAL DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Ap de Araújo Firman Josiane , Caroline Russi Santana Sylvia , Lupércio Ramos Marcos
Published: January 2016

The present study aimed to analyze the role of the family in regard to the learning of children in the school environment to occur in their physical, cognitive and social development. It is also intended to analyze and point out the benefits of family intervention in the education of their children and the preposition of some actions to strengthen this relationship and after contribute to the integral formation of children. Through this research can be seen that the family-union school becomes essential for the proper development of the child in their school life and generates enrichment in the teaching learning since both have the same goal, for it is through good school performance of children that favors the acquisition of knowledge that provide skills and skills for citizenship
PET/CT and MRI in Evaluating Cervical Cancer
Authors: Runjun Shi  , Jie Chen  , Jinchang Wu  , Jundong Zhou
Published: January 2016

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are two most important imaging tools for evaluating cervical cancer in clinic. They have improved the accuracy of tumor staging and prognosis predicting in a large part. PET/CT is superior for lymph node (LN) status and metastasis to other imaging modalities. And it could differ among tumor types and grades according to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). MRI is not sensitive to LN metastasis, but it shares the advantage of therapeutic response and recurrence evaluation with PET/CT. Recently, emerging functional imaging modality Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been showing its superiority on evaluation of cervical carcinoma as well. This article describes both advantages and limitations of MR imaging and PET/CT in evaluating cervical cancer, and reviews the current role of imaging techniques mentioned above.
Confidence Intervals in the Analysis of Mortality and Survivorship Curves in Zooarchaeology
Authors: Price Max , Wolfhagen Jesse , Otárola-Castillo Erik
Published: January 2016

The analysis of age-at-death data, derived from epiphyseal fusion and dental eruption/wear patterns, is one of the most powerful tools at the disposal of zooarchaeologists studying past hunting and herd management practices. Zooarchaeologists typically analyze age-at-death data by constructing survivorship and mortality curves in order to allow insight into a variety of ecological and economic relationships between humans and animals. Since adopting such practices in the middle of the twentieth century, zooarchaeologists have proposed several methods for analyzing these curves, including visual examination and hypothesis testing. Creating confidence intervals is complementary to these two methods, allowing practitioners to graphically represent survivorship and mortality while testing hypotheses and accounting for sample sizes, which are often small in zooarchaeological assemblages. We discuss the basic concepts behind the nature of age-at-death data and the analysis of mortality and survivorship curves. We then describe how to calculate confidence intervals using bootstrapping techniques for both dental eruption/wear data and epiphyseal fusion data. To enable future users to replicate our methods, we introduce the freely available online R package “zooaRch” (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zooaRch/ ), which includes a vignette to guide first-time users.
The Politics of Provisioning: Food and Gender at Fort San Juan De Joara, 1566–1568
Authors: Beck Robin A. , Fritz Gayle J. , Lapham Heather A. , Moore David G. , Rodning Christopher B.
Published: January 2016

Beginning with Kathleen Deagan’s description of the St. Augustine Pattern, in which domestic relations between Spanish men and Native American women contributed to a pattern of mestizaje in Spanish colonies, gender has assumed a central role in archaeological perspectives on colonial encounters. This is especially true for those encounters that accompanied colonialism in the Americas during the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Gender relations were essential to the creation of new cultural identities during this time, as indigenous communities encountered immigrant, European settler groups often comprised mostly or entirely of adult men. Yet as significant as gender is for understanding how an encounter unfolded in time and space, it can be a challenge to identify and evaluate the archaeological correlates of such relations through material culture patterns. In this article, we use the related domains of food and foodways, particularly in the social context of provisioning, to evaluate how gender relations changed during the occupation of Fort San Juan de Joara (1566–1568), located at the Berry site in western North Carolina. Our research contributes to reappraisals of the St. Augustine Pattern, which posits well-defined roles for Native American women and Spanish men, by likewise situating the agency of Native American men.
Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases
Authors: Steger Martin , Tonelli Francesca , Ito Genta , Davies Paul , Trost Matthias , Vetter Melanie , Wachter Stefanie , Lorentzen Esben , Duddy Graham , Wilson Stephen , Baptista Marco AS , Fiske Brian K , Fell Matthew J , Morrow John A , Reith Alastair D , Alessi Dario R , Mann Matthias
Published: January 2016

Mutations in Park8, encoding for the multidomain Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein, comprise the predominant genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, the most common amino acid substitution activates the kinase two- to threefold. This has motivated the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; however, poor consensus on physiological LRRK2 substrates has hampered clinical development of such therapeutics. We employ a combination of phosphoproteomics, genetics, and pharmacology to unambiguously identify a subset of Rab GTPases as key LRRK2 substrates. LRRK2 directly phosphorylates these both in vivo and in vitro on an evolutionary conserved residue in the switch II domain. Pathogenic LRRK2 variants mapping to different functional domains increase phosphorylation of Rabs and this strongly decreases their affinity to regulatory proteins including Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Our findings uncover a key class of bona-fide LRRK2 substrates and a novel regulatory mechanism of Rabs that connects them to PD.
Numerical analysis of the Gibbs–Thomson effect on trench-filling epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Ji Shiyang , Kosugi Ryoji , Kojima Kazutoshi , Yonezawa Yoshiyuki , Okumura Hajime
Published: January 2016

A steady-state two-dimensional diffusion equation was numerically analyzed to examine the rate of homoepitaxial growth on a trenched 4H-SiC substrate. The radii of curvature at the top and bottom of the trenches were used to take the Gibbs–Thomson effect into account in the analysis based on the conventional boundary-layer model. When the trench pitch was less than or equal to 6.0 µm, the measured dependence of the growth rate on the trench pitch was found to be explained by the Gibbs–Thomson effect on the vapor-phase diffusion of growing species.
Direct writing of Cu-based micro-temperature detectors using femtosecond laser reduction of CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Mizoshiri Mizue , Arakane Shun , Sakurai Junpei , Hata Seiichi
Published: January 2016

Cu-based micro-temperature detectors were fabricated using femtosecond laser reduction of CuO nanoparticles. Cu-based microstructures were directly created by laser scanning on a CuO nanoparticle solution film. Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich microstructures were selectively formed to electrically connect two Cu thin-film electrodes for use in temperature detectors. Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich micro-temperature detectors were fabricated at scanning speeds of 500 and 1000 µm/s, respectively, at a pulse energy of 1.2 nJ. The temperature coefficient of resistance values of the Cu-rich and Cu2O-rich microstructures were positive and negative, respectively; these temperature behaviors are typical of metal and semiconductor materials, respectively.
Observation of nanometer-sized crystalline grooves in as-grown β-Ga2O3 single crystals
Authors: Hanada Kenji , Moribayashi Tomoya , Uematsu Takumi , Masuya Satoshi , Koshi Kimiyoshi , Sasaki Kohei , Kuramata Akito , Ueda Osamu , Kasu Makoto
Published: January 2016

On the surface of as-grown β-Ga2O3 single crystals that are cut and polished, we found nanometer-sized grooves elongated in the [001] direction. We confirmed that these grooves terminate within the crystals in the [010] direction. This proves that the grooves are different from micropipes penetrating crystals. Their typical length and width are 50–1200 nm in the [001] direction and ∼40 nm in the [100] direction, respectively. The grooves tend to form an array in the [001] direction. The type of nanometer-sized grooves should be essentially different from etch pits.
Terahertz imaging system with resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Mukai Toshikazu
Published: January 2016

We report a feasibility study of a terahertz imaging system with resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) that oscillate at 0.30 THz. A pair of RTDs acted as an emitter and a detector in the system. Terahertz reflection images of opaque samples were acquired with our RTD imaging system. A spatial resolution of 1 mm, which is equal to the wavelength of the RTD emitter, was achieved. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reflection image was improved by 6 dB by using polarization optics that reduced interference effects. Additionally, the coherence of the RTD enabled a depth resolution of less than 3 µm to be achieved by an interferometric technique. Thus, RTDs are an attractive candidate for use in small THz imaging systems.
Inverted organic light-emitting diodes using different transparent conductive oxide films as a cathode
Authors: Takada Makoto , Kobayashi Takashi , Nagase Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi
Published: January 2016

We report on poly(dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) based inverted organic light-emitting diodes (iOLEDs) using commercially available transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films as a cathode, indium tin oxide (ITO), Ga doped ZnO (GZO), and Al doped ZnO (AZO). The ITO, GZO, and AZO glasses work as an electron-injecting layer (EIL) and cathode. The device configuration that we prepared is ITO, GZO, or AZO/F8BT/MoO3/Au. The device characteristics of these iOLEDs are almost comparable to those of conventional iOLEDs with ZnO films prepared by spray pyrolysis as an EIL, indicating that the electron injection properties of ITO, GZO, or AZO as a cathode are similar to those of ZnO layer in conventional iOLEDs. These results demonstrate the low-cost fabrication of iOLEDs utilizing commercially available TCO glasses as a cathode without deposition of ZnO layers on ITO glass.
A new species ofMetopocetus(Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands
Authors: Marx Felix Georg , Bosselaers Mark E.J. , Louwye Stephen
Published: January 2016

The family Cetotheriidae has played a major role in recent discussions of baleen whale phylogenetics. Within this group, the enigmatic, monotypicMetopocetus durinasushas been interpreted as transitional between herpetocetines and other members of the family, but so far has been restricted to a single, fragmentary cranium of uncertain provenance and age. Here, we expand the genus and shed new light on its phylogenetic affinities and functional morphology by describingMetopocetus hunterisp. nov. from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. Unlike the holotype ofM. durinasus, the material described here is confidently dated and preserves both the tympanic bulla and additional details of the basicranium.M. huntericlosely resemblesM. durinasus, differing primarily in its somewhat less distally expanded compound posterior process of the tympanoperiotic. Both species are characterised by the development of an unusually large fossa on the ventral surface of the paroccipital process, which extends anteriorly on to the compound posterior process and completely floors the facial sulcus. In life, this enlarged fossa may have housed the posterior sinus and/or the articulation of the stylohyal. Like other cetotheriids,Metopocetusalso bears a well-developed, posteriorly-pointing dorsal infraorbital foramen near the base of the ascending process of the maxilla, the precise function of which remains unclear.
Seismological detection of low‐velocity anomalies surrounding the mantle transition zone in Japan subduction zone
Authors: Liu Zhen , Park Jeffrey , Karato Shun‐ichiro
Published: January 2016

In the Japan subduction zone, a locally depressed 660 discontinuity has been observed beneath northeast Asia, suggesting downwelling of materials from the mantle transition zone (MTZ). Vertical transport of water‐rich MTZ materials across the major mineral phase changes could lead to water release and to partial melting in surrounding mantle regions, causing seismic low‐velocity anomalies. Melt layers implied by low‐velocity zones (LVZs) above the 410 discontinuity have been detected in many regions, but seismic evidence for partial melting below the 660 discontinuity has been limited. High‐frequency migrated Ps receiver functions indicate LVZs below the depressed 660 discontinuity and above the 410 discontinuity in the deep Japan subduction zone, suggesting dehydration melting induced by water transport out of the MTZ. Our results provide insights into water circulation associated with dynamic interactions between the subducted slab and surrounding mantle.
The photolysis of FeOH and its effect on the bottomside of the mesospheric Fe layer
Authors: Viehl T. P. , Plane J. M. C. , Feng W. , Höffner J.
Published: January 2016

Metal layers in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere are created through meteoric ablation. They are important for understanding the temperature structure, dynamics, and chemistry of this atmospheric region. Recent lidar observations have shown a regular downward extension of the Fe layer bottomside which correlates with solar radiation. In this study we combine lidar observations, quantum chemical calculations, and model simulations to show that this bottomside extension is primarily caused by photolysis of FeOH. We determine the photolysis rate to be
 s−1. We also show that the reaction
is slower at mesospheric temperatures than previous estimates. With these updated rate coefficients, we are able to significantly improve the modeling of the Fe layer bottomside. The calculations further show the nearly complete depletion of FeOH during sunlit periods. This may have implications for cloud nuclei in the middle atmosphere.