bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on the Students� Perceptions in Learning Speaking through Picture Media
Authors: Ahmada Adib , Munawaroh St Sofia
Published: August 2021

The general aims in this research are to find out the students perceptions in learning speaking through picture media at the eleventh grade students of MA Roudlotul Muta�alimin in academic year 2019/2020. Furthermore, the aims can particularly be formulated to know what students perceptions in learning speaking through picture media. This research was categorized as survey research with the descriptive quantitative approach. The subject of this research is the eleventh grade students of MA Roudlotul Muta�alimin in academic year 2019/2020 as the participants totally 18 students. The questionnare was used to collected the data about students perceptions in learning speaking through picture media. And documentation was used to collected a description of the school and respondent. And the result is the eleventh graders of MA Roudlotul Muta�alimin had high integrative motivation to develop English speaking. They also had a high expectation that picture media could help them develop their English speaking skill. They also �strongly agreed� and �agreed� that English speaking mastery will help them to be more confident and courageous in speaking English, express their idea and motivate themselves even reached more than 80%. The response more than 85% of them �strongly agreed� and �agreed� that their mastery of English speaking will able to motivate themself to improve their ability to speak in English and make it easier for them to talk about anything in English by using picture media. In addition, the teacher also has an interesting method in learning English and often to use picture media in learning English.
Desafios da monitoria acadêmica de Estomatologia frente à pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Santos Gabrielle Vieira dos , Ferreira Jullyene Gomes , Honorato Maria Cristina Tavares de Medeiros , Pereira Laudenice de Lucena
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo possui caráter descritivo e tem como objetivo relatar a experiência da monitoria na disciplina de Estomatologia, desenvolvida no curso de graduação em Odontologia do [texto ocultado], frente à pandemia do novo Coronavírus (COVID-19). Diante do cenário pandêmico, o Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC), por meio da Portaria Nº 343, autorizou a utilização de recursos digitais como alternativa para a continuidade das atividades acadêmicas. Nesse contexto, a vivência do Programa de Monitoria Acadêmica ocorreu através da plataforma digital Blackboard, sendo necessário ressignificar as atividades do aluno-monitor e metodologias de ensino utilizadas, desenvolvendo habilidades inerentes à docência e contribuindo significativamente para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos discentes monitorados frente a nova realidade estabelecida pela pandemia. Conclui-se que a utilização de plataformas digitais foi fundamental para o exercício da atividade de monitoria e a continuidade do semestre letivo, possibilitando encontrar novas alternativas para o processo de educação em saúde.
Eksperimentasi TAPPS dan GI terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Sosial Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar
Authors: Pinahayu Ek Ajeng Rahmi , Alamsyah Nur , Auliya Risma Nurul , Adnyani Luh Putu Widya
Published: August 2021

Education is faced with multi-dimensional problems, including the low competence of mathematical knowledge and the crisis of social aspects. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS), Group Investigation (GI), and Conventional models on knowledge competence and social attitudes in terms of learning styles. This is a quasi-experimental research, with a population of all eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 24 Jakarta. Hypothesis testing used two-way multivariate analysis with unequal cells. The results of the research included: (1) TAPPS produced knowledge competence better than GI and conventional, and GI was better than conventional, (2) TAPPS and GI produced the same social attitudes, and both were better than conventional, (3) visual and auditorial resulted in the same good knowledge competence, and both were better than kinesthetic, (4) visual and auditory produced the same good social attitudes, and both were better than kinesthetic, (5) TAPPS and GI, knowledge competence of the three learning styles were equally good, whereas conventionally there were differences, (6) TAPPS and GI, social attitudes of the three types of learning styles were equally good, while conventionally there were differences, (7) in visual and auditory, knowledge competence of the three models were the same, while there were differences in kinesthetic, and (8) in visual and auditory, the social attitudes of the three models were the same, while there were differences in kinesthetic.
Performance Analysis of Road Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions: A Review
Authors: Nagesh Poola , Beura Sambit Kumar
Published: August 2021

The rapid growth of traffic in most countries exceeds the current transport system's threshold level and requires a more efficient and practical approach to be addressed. As the renovation of urban transportation infrastructure is not feasible, alternatives to the problem are urgently needed. This paper addresses the Performance Analysis of Road Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. At whatever point two or significantly more streets converge or cross, users of these streets should change their mobility to prevent a collision. This adjustment can take the form of a speed drop or a change in their motion pattern. In several regions of the world, traffic is a mixture of large distribution of various vehicle kinds. Hence users of a signalized crossroads in vehicles are a heterogeneous mix. The current study has involves review based on 5 selected papers analysing findings and drawing conclusion along with posing future questions.
MISINTERPRETATION OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN APOPTOSIS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Adamkov Marian
Published: August 2021

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REPLICACIÓN DE LA TÉCNICA DE SEPARACIÓN DE COMPONENTES EN MATERIAL CADAVÉRICO
Authors: Ignatov Galan María F. , Martínez Ventura Sofía G. , López Gil Daiana , Cerchiari Campodónico Emilia , Olivera Pertusso Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Introducción: la pared anterolateral del abdomen comprende 4 músculos: oblicuo externo, oblicuo interno, transverso abdominal y recto abdominal, que le permiten participar en funciones diversas. Las mismas pueden afectarse por una eventración. Cuando alcanzan grandes tamaños, su reparación puede representar un desafío para el cirujano general. La eventroplastia con malla irreabsorbible es el patrón oro para su tratamiento, pero este puede requerir de procedimientos adicionales. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en reproducir las técnicas de separación de componentes en material cadavérico, y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Material y Métodos: se utilizaron 2 cadáveres adultos, de ambos sexos, formolados. Se reprodujo la técnica de separación de componentes anterior mediante la liberación del músculo oblicuo externo. La separación de componentes posterior se realizó mediante labrado de un plano retro rectal y posterior progresión de la disección en sentido lateral. Resultados: Los colgajos generados permitieron un avance de la placa muscular medialmente. Conclusiones: el conocimiento anatómico de la pared anterolateral del abdomen es la base para la realización de las técnicas de separación de componentes. La reproducción en material cadavérico es un paso inicial en el entrenamiento quirúrgico de las mismas.
Categories of intuitive reasoning and GeoGebra 3D: an experience with Brazilian students
Authors: Teófilo de Sousa Renata , Régis Vieira Alves Francisco , Ferreira de Azevedo Italândia
Published: August 2021

This work presents the result of the application of a didactic sequence designed to understand the concept of the Cavalieri’s Principle, supported by the GeoGebra application in its version for mobile phones - 3D Calculator. For this study, the Theory of Categories of Intuitive Reasoning, by Efraim Fischbein, was used as a conceptual basis. The objective of this work was to elaborate and develop a didactic sequence aiming to subsidize the learning of the Cavalieri’s Principle from GeoGebra, as a way to help the student in the construction of geometric reasoning, through visualization, perception and intuition. The methodology of this work is qualitative research, exploratory type, being carried out from a didactic sequence developed in two meetings remotely, due to the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. The target audience of this research is a group of students aged 15-17 years from a public school in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. In summary, it is pointed out that the intuitive reasoning categories mobilized from the use of GeoGebra have great potential to stimulate the evolution of the student's geometric thinking, through the development of perception, intuition and geometric visualization.
Therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for colon lipoma
Authors: Korzheva I. Yu. , Chernekhovskaya N. E. , Galaeva E. V. , Vychuzhanina N. V. , Khoreva E. A.
Published: August 2021

Clinical relevance: Colon lipomas are not rare tumors, but they occur with blurred clinical features and patients arrive with complications- obstructive intestinal obstruction or bleeding. In this regard, the authors presented a clinical case of a 57-yearold patient whose diagnosis was established only by morphological examination of the surgical material.

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate clinical observation of colon lipoma.

Materials and methods: The case history of a 57-year-old patient diagnosed with colonic lipoma is presented.
A case of curative surgical treatment of the rare pancreatic tumor in a child
Authors: Pavlushin P. M. , Gramzin A. V. , Dobrov S. D. , Krivosheenko N. V. , Koinov Yu. Yu. , Tsyganok V. N. , Nosov V. Yu. , Okhotina A. A. , Chikinev Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

Pancreatic tumors are very rare problem in children that mostly in literature presented just with case reports. Solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are a little part, just about 1–2%, from all nonendocrine tumors of the pancreas. About 90% of all patients with this tumor are female teenagers and young women. Solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are innocent, and mostly all of them are incidental findings. However, we can see clinical findings if patient has big size of such tumor, which compress nearest anatomical structures. In this article we present a case of incidental finding of solid- pseudopapillary tumor of body and tale of the pancreas in 11 years old girl, who was treated with distal resection of pancreas.
Eponyms in anatomy of small intestine
Authors: Kutia S. A. , Moroz G. A. , Kriventsov M. A. , Malov A. Ye. , Fominykh T. A.
Published: August 2021

The article provides an anatomical description of the eight most common eponyms in the anatomy of the small intestine, describes the history of discovery of these anatomical formations, gives brief biographical information about the scientists after whom these or those structures are named, and describes their contribution to the medicine.
Features of electric and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with inflammatory intestinal diseases
Authors: Kruchinina M. V. , Svetlova I. O. , Azgaldyan A. V. , Osipenko M. F. , Valuiskikh E. Yu. , Gromov A. A. , Generalov V. M. , Kruchinin V. N. , Yakovina I. N.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work is to study the features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, unclassified colitis), taking into account the stage of the disease for possible use in differential diagnosis.

The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied using dielectrophoresis in 109 patients with IBD, mean age 37,7 + 11,7 years (50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 41 with Crohn’s disease (CD), 18 with unclassified colitis (UCC) and 53 conditionally healthy, comparable in age and sex with the main groups.

Red blood cells of individuals with IBD differed from those in the comparison group by a smaller average diameter, an increased proportion of deformed, spherocytic cells with a changed surface character with a reduced ability to deform, a lower level of surface charge of cells, an altered membrane structure with an increased ability to conduct electric current, prone to destruction and the formation of aggregates (p <0,0001–0,05).

Analysis in individual groups with IBD in the acute stage, taking into account the therapy, revealed significant differences between the forms of IBD: in patients with Crohn’s disease, in contrast to patients with UC, red blood cells had lower values of the amplitude of deformation, capacity, dipole moment, and velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, the proportion of discocytes, polarizability at most of the frequencies of the electric field (p <0,00001–0,05). On the contrary, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, aggregation and destruction indices were higher in CD than in UC (p <0,0001–0,05). CD patients had a greater number of deformed cells with altered surface character (p <0,00001).

The features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with differentnosological forms of IBD can be used for the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in case of colon lesions, in the long term — for verification of the diagnosis in unclassified colitis.
Correlation of secreted frizzled related protein-4 adipokin expression and expression of fatty liver changes under the conditions of a chronic experiment
Authors: Tarasova L. V. , Diomidova V. N. , Tolmacheva N. V. , Tsyganova Yu. V. , Ivanova A. L. , Maslova J. V. , Barsukova E. V.
Published: August 2021

The article highlights the results of a study of a new method for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a living organism by determining the serum level of the marker Secreted frizzled related protein-4 (SFRP4) with histological confirmation of the results. In a chronic experiment, the parameters of two groups of experimental animals were studied: control and experimental, 15 rats each. The control (reference) group of animals was in the usual feed and drinking mode, the experimental received food with a high content of carbohydrates and fats. The results of biochemical blood tests and autopsy biomaterials on day 180 of the experiment indicated the presence of fatty changes in the liver in the experimental group of animals. The importance of circulating adipokine SFRP4 in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been confirmed. A histologically confirmed direct correlation of SFRP4 with the degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD was revealed. The place of SFRP4 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver damage is explained. It is noted that in case of successful extrapolation of the results of the study on the human body, information will become a successful solution to one of the most pressing problems of modern hepatology.
Nutritional status and body composition in children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sokolov I. , Simonova O. I. , Roslavtseva E. A. , Chernevich V. P. , Vinokurova A. V. , Bushueva T. V. , Borovik T. E. , Polyakov S. D.
Published: August 2021

The pulmonary function which determines the prognosis of the disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) depends directly on their nutritional status. Normal body mass index (BMI) for a given age/sex of the patient is considered to correspond with normal nutritional status. However, it is known that in CF patients only lean body mass (musculoskeletal and visceral) correlates directly with lung function. Bioimpedansometry, as the he method for assessing body composition in children with cystic fibrosis is actual, informative and available in pediatric practice. Body composition indicators can be used in these patients not only for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, but also for monitoring the course of the disease in a particular patient and correction of nutrition.

The estimation of body composition with bioimpedance method in children with CF, carried out in this study, shows that in children with normal and even low BMI, the percentage of lean body mass is low, which requires measures to increase muscle/bone mass, the strength of the respiratory muscles especially, both by correcting the protein component of the diet, and by increasing physical / sports activity, in addition to compulsory respiratory physiotherapy.
Modern endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of laterally spreading tumors (LST) of the colon
Authors: Solovev E. A. , Kovalenko T. V. , Duvanskiy V. A.
Published: August 2021

The aim: to focus on the possibilities of modern endoscopy in the diagnosis of laterally spreading (creeping) tumors — LST (laterally spreading tumor) of the colon.

Materials and methods: description and comparison, based on data available in the literature, of modern endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of LST.

Results: the analysis and systematization of the obtained data revealed the advantages of modern endoscopic diagnostic methods not only in detecting LST, but also in predicting their morphological structure.

Conclusion: the use of modern endoscopic diagnostic methods allows not only to improve the detection of neoplasms, but also to choose the best options for further treatment based on the information received.
Clinical and endoscopic diagnosis of MALT-lymphoma of the duodenum
Authors: Korzheva I. Yu. , Chernekhovskaya N. E. , Razzhivina A. A. , Hayrapetyan N. A. , Tyurin A. E.
Published: August 2021

Clinical relevance. Duodenal MALT-lymphoma, a rare disease of the duodenum with a blurred clinical picture, frequently is an incidental finding at esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Therefore, the authors presented a clinical observation of a 59-yearold patient, whose diagnosis was established on the basis of endoscopic imaging, morphological and immunohistochemical investigations of biopsy material.

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate clinical observation of MALT-lymphoma of duodenum

Materials and methods: The case history of a 59-year-old patient diagnosed with duodenal MALT-lymphoma is presented.
Bringing the Theory and Measurement of Teaching into Alignment
Authors: White Mark , Luoto Jennifer Maria , Klette Kirsti , Blikstad-Balas Marte
Published: August 2021

Link to Published version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101204 There is a growing use of standardized observation systems to directly measure teaching quality in classrooms. These systems are based on rich, theoretical understandings of teaching quality that lead to carefully operationalized rubrics that decompose teaching quality into a number of distinct dimensions. In this paper, we argue that many of the ways observation systems are applied and analyzed do not fully conform to the theoretical understandings of teaching quality upon which the observation system is based. We further argue for the need to align theoretical understandings of teaching quality with analytical approaches to measure teaching quality. We discuss four key assumptions that undergird many views of teaching quality and highlight how common analytical approaches violate these assumptions, proposing alternative analytical approaches that would better conform to the theoretical understandings of teaching quality. We end with a discussion of the importance of carefully aligning theoretical understandings with measurement approaches.
Prześladowanie, dyskryminacja czy uprzedzenie? Taksonomia działań i zaniechań wymierzonych przeciwko wyznawcom religii
Authors: Moulin-Stozek Maria
Published: August 2021

Some of the most important constitutional law principles of democratic societies include the principle of religious freedom and the principle of secularity. However, in many countries these principles are not being followed, which may lead to violations of human rights. Actions and omissions in this context may be carried out by state institutions, individuals and non-state actors and have wider societal consequences. For instance, state imposition of religious beliefs may affect not only the rights of religious minorities, but also other minorities and women. The purpose of this report is to create a taxonomy of these actions and omissions to help develop an adequate response. This report was requested by the Institute of Justice of the Ministry of Justice.
Communication through Movement Codes and Tactile Stimuli for Persons with Deafblindness
Authors: Franco Mateus , Lantyer Rodrigo , Rodrigues Karina , Amorim Henrique A. , Faber Jean
Published: August 2021

Deafblindness is the condition in which a person has little or no useful hearing and vision. The dysfunction in both senses can occur in different ways and degrees for each person. These differences impose specific barriers and strategies for the rehabilitation of this public, regarding protocols and assistive devices. Most of the technologies and procedures are geared towards a better adaptation of communication. Inspired by sign languages and Braille, we propose the construction of a device capable of transducing specific hand movements of an individual (emitter), into specific vibration patterns on the body of another individual (receiver). Through this device it is possible to adjust different stimulation parameters, based on the modulation of amplitude, frequency of vibration and temporal sequence of pulses, making possible enabling a sensory refinement of wrist and finger's movements, in order to have an improvement associated with the alphabet intended to be represented. This prototype allows communication through crossing-modalities (movement and touch) without the need of visual contact or auditory perception, enabling a future application for deaf-blind people.
A Trade-Off Model of Intentional Thinking for Pleasure
Authors: Raza Seher , Westgate Erin Corwin , Buttrick Nick , Heintzelman Samantha , Furrer Remy , Gilbert Daniel , Libby Lisa , Wilson Timothy D.
Published: August 2021

We investigated intentional thinking for pleasure, defined as the deliberate attempt to have pleasant thoughts while disengaged from the external world. We propose a Trade-Off Model that explains when and why thinking for pleasure is enjoyable: people focus on personally meaningful thoughts when thinking for pleasure (especially when prompted to do so), which increases their enjoyment, but they find it difficult to concentrate on their thoughts, which decreases their enjoyment. Thus, the net enjoyment of thinking for pleasure is a trade-off between its benefits (personal meaningfulness) and costs (difficulty concentrating). To test the model, we compared intentional thinking for pleasure to four alternate activities in three studies. Thinking for pleasure was more enjoyable than undirected thinking (Study 1) and planning (Study 3), because it was more meaningful than these activities while requiring a similar level of concentration. Thinking for pleasure was just as enjoyable as playing a video game (Study 2) or unprompted idle time activities (Study 3), but for different reasons: It was more meaningful than these activities, but required more concentration. We discuss the implications of these findings for what people might choose to do during idle times.
Memories of structured input become increasingly distorted across development - Working Paper
Authors: Forest Tess , Abolghasem Zahra , Finn Amy , Schlichting Margaret
Published: August 2021

Trajectories of cognitive and neural development suggest that, despite its early developmental emergence, the ability to extract patterns from the environment changes across childhood. Here, 5-9-year-olds and adults (N=211, 110 female) completed a memory test to assess what they remembered after structured exposure to a stream of shape triplets: the particular sequence in which the shapes occurred, their group-level structure, or both? After accounting for developmental improvements in overall memory, all ages were sensitive to specific transitions, while order-independent group memory was only observed in older children and adults. Thus, while young children form memories for specifics of structured experience, memory for associative gist is refined later—underscoring that adults and young children form different memories despite identical experience.
Action errors impair active working memory maintenance
Authors: Wessel Jan , jiang Jiefeng
Published: August 2021

The ability to detect and correct action errors is paramount to safe and efficient behavior. Its underlying processes are subject of intense scientific debate. The recent adaptive orienting theory of error processing (AOT) proposes that errors trigger a cascade of processes that purportedly begins with a broad suppression of active motoric and – crucially – cognitive processes. While the motoric effects of errors are well established, an empirical test of their purported suppressive effects on active cognitive processes is still missing. Here, we provide data from six experiments clearly demonstrating such effects. Participants maintained information in verbal working memory (WM) and performed different response conflict tasks during the delay period. Motor error commission during the delay period consistently reduced accuracy on the WM probe, demonstrating an error-related impairment of WM maintenance. We discuss the broad theoretical and practical implications of this finding, both for the AOT and beyond.
Status loss due to COVID-19, traditional masculinity, and the prediction of suicidal ideation and recent suicide attempts
Authors: Walther Andreas , Grub Jessica , Tsar Sarah , Ehlert Ulrike , Heald Adrian , Perrin Ray , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Seidler Zac E. , Rice Simon , Kealy David , Olive John , Eggenberger Lukas
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing extensive job loss leading to a loss of social status in many men. Endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may render some men particularly sensitive to status loss and thereby to an increased risk for suicidality.Methods: In this anonymous online survey conducted in German-speaking European countries, 490 men completed questionnaires regarding loss of social status due to the pandemic, suicidal ideation and past-month suicide attempt. Furthermore, prototypical and male-typical externalizing depression symptoms, self-identified masculine gender orientation, endorsement of traditional masculinity, and gender role conflict were measured.Results: Out of a total of 490 men, 14.7% of men reported experiencing a status loss due to the pandemic. These men were more than twice as likely to report suicidal ideation during the past two weeks, and more than four times as likely to have attempted suicide in the past month than men not reporting a status loss. Depression symptoms, self-identified masculine gender orientation, endorsement of traditional masculinity, but not gender role conflict were positively associated with status loss. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were associated with prototypical and male-typical externalizing depression symptoms, but not masculinity- related constructs.Conclusion: Status loss emerges as risk factor for suicide and is associated with depression symptoms, higher masculine gender orientation and endorsement of traditional masculinity. Men with high levels of traditional masculinity and status loss due to the pandemic are at increased risk for suicide.
Hierarchical drift diffusion modeling uncovers multisensory benefit in numerosity discrimination tasks
Authors: CHAU EDWIN , Murray Carolyn Anne , shams ladan
Published: August 2021

Studies of accuracy and reaction time in decision making often observe a speed-accuracy tradeoff, where either accuracy or reaction time is sacrificed for the other. While this effect may mask certain multisensory benefits in performance when accuracy and reaction time are separately measured, drift diffusion models (DDMs) are able to consider both simultaneously. However, drift diffusion models are often limited by large sample size requirements for reliable parameter estimation. One solution to this restriction is the use of hierarchical Bayesian estimation for DDM parameters. Here, we utilize hierarchical drift diffusion models (HDDMs) to reveal a multisensory advantage in auditory-visual numerosity discrimination tasks. By fitting this model with a modestly sized dataset, we also demonstrate that large sample sizes are not necessary for reliable parameter estimation.
Secure Data Mobility in Cloud Computing for e-Governance Application
Authors: Paudyal Ramesh , Shakya Subarna
Published: August 2021

Due to the rapid technological advancement, traditional e-government systems are getting obsolete because of their inherent limitation of interoperability and accessibility to the highly secured and flexible e-governance services. Migration of such systems into highly secured cloud governance architecture will be a long-term viable solution. However, the adoption of distributed cloud computing has created operational and security challenges. This research work aims to bridge the gap between traditional and cloud-based e-Government systems in terms of data security based on confidentiality, interoperability, and mobility of data among distributed databases of cloud computing environments. In this work, we have created two organization databases by the use of AWS EC2 instances and classified the data based on the Risk Impact Level (RIL) of data by the use of the Metadata Attribute Value (MAV) function. To enhance further security on classified data, we take appropriate security action based on the sensitivity of the data. For the analysis purpose, we implemented different security algorithms, i.e. AES, DES, and RSA in the mobility of data between two distributed cloud databases. We measured the encryption and decryption time along with the file size of data before and after classification. AES performed better while considering the encryption time and file size, but the overall performance of RSA was better for smaller file sizes. Finally, the performance of the data mobility between two distributed clouds databases was analyzed while maintaining the sensitivity level of the data.
A Concept of Optimum Forest Area for the Sustainable Development of Nepal
Authors: Gautam Bishnu Prasad
Published: August 2021

Forest sector was badly suffered due to anthropogenic activities in the last two centuries before it is getting revitalized due to serious conservation efforts particularly after the Earth Summit in 1992. In order to expedite the development efforts by being considerate to the environment of the planet we live, United Nations has adopted seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. Sustainable development aims for harmony among physical, social and environmental development, and hence, guides for finding a balanced approach of development and conservation. This paper highlights the need for finding a balance between infrastructure development and forest conservation initiatives in Nepal with a focus of attaining SDGs by 2030. The economic status of Nepal is reviewed along with the plans, policies and trends of forest conservation. It highlights the need for a system perspective in which forest conservation is a component of the overall objective of sustainable development. A theoretical framework of optimum forest area for Nepal is presented by considering the contributions and obstacles of the forest sector towards attaining SDGs. Rather than focusing on complicated mathematical models; this paper presents a simple and practical concept of gauging the attainment of SDGs by a single index that may be useful to planners. The optimum forest area for Nepal has not been assessed and will be a scope of future studies. Once the idea of optimum forest area is adopted, major breakthroughs can be expected towards attaining SDGs in Nepal.
Review of Underground Space Utilization and its Relevance in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bikram , Joshi Janardan
Published: August 2021

Underground space, both open-cut and fully underground method, has been in use throughout the world for mining, storage, waterway, transport, and others from past centuries. But still the clear demarcation of ownership in terms of surface and underground is not clear in most parts of the world. The concept of underground space utilization is an evolving concept. The developed nations have opted for this option to accommodate growing urbanization need. Two modes of space utilization are reviewed for this paper, open excavation and full underground excavation. Also world case scenario is presented and is compared to the situation in Nepal. Social factors and geological factors in the context of Nepal are also addressed that have been crucial in case of some completed projects. Ambiguous underground rights in relation to surface ownership in Nepal is taken in account and example of some cities like Singapore, Tokyo, Helsinki is presented to make it clear how right segregation is possible and is needed for better underground space utilization. Historical evolution of Tunneling in Nepal is discussed along with the future designed and scheduled projects. Despite the geological complexity and lack of experienced manpower in the context of Himalayan geology the importance of underground space is highlighted because emerging researches and technological innovation around the world and also in Nepal have been confirming this concept now and again. As a conclusion for betterment and well managed cities in Nepal underground space would be an undefeated option in the long run.
Seismic Analysis of Retrofitting of RC Regular Frame with V-Braced Frame
Authors: Bohara Birendra Kumar , Ganaie Kafeel Hussain , Saha Prasenjit
Published: August 2021

Retrofitting of the existing buildings helps to reduce the serious damages under the strong ground motions. In retrofitting techniques, steel bracings are used to resist the lateral load effectively. In this study, the author aimed to investigate the four-story RC frames without and with steel bracings to understand the seismic performances of the buildings. The authors select the V bracings having 7 different thickness of steel bracings ( t= 2.5, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 20mm) and observed the effect in seismic behaviors of the structures in terms of maximum story displacements, inter-story drift (ISD), base shear, fundamental time period (FTP) and capacity curves. In addition, it observed the failure behaviors of the structures. To study the seismic behaviors, the response spectrum analysis and nonlinear static analysis are performed in ETABs software. The result indicates that V bracing improves the seismic performances of the RC frames as well as improves the strength capacity and stiffness of the buildings. Adding bracing in RC frames decreases the top story displacements and inter story drift of the buildings. To get the expected failure mechanism in the braced frames and suitable uniform energy dissipation behaviors, the bracings are designed in such a way that the RC columns should be the main line of defense in the dual systems. Expected failure mechanism is obtained when stronger column, weak beam and weaker bracings design philosophy is used and it is only possible when the columns are designed to resist at least 50% lateral base shear in dual systems. A suitable thickness of bracings which is economical and structurally good should be selected.
Ecological Restoration in Gautam Buddha's Birthplace Lumbini
Authors: Tiwari Achyut , Ghimire Narayan Prasad
Published: August 2021

The historical information about natural vegetation of Lumbini is not clearly known. Modern day human colonization around Mayadevi temple could have been intensified after Khadga Samsher's visit to Lumbini in 1896, followed by the eradication of Malaria in the Tarai of Nepal around the 1950s. The dense human settlements around the Mayadevi temple (place where Buddha was born) was gradually shifted outside the area of Lumbini Development Trust (LDT) (16 x 4 km2 area), and the area was planted with a huge number of plant species. Hence, the forest within LDT is essentially a secondary forest without a scientific method of forest management (only plantation), as a result some species were not able to get naturally established and disappeared gradually. Studies indicated that there were around 354 species of plants species in LDT (Siwakoti, 2008) however, a recent vegetation survey (Tiwari, 1919) recorded only about 250 species including 39 tree species and other herbs and shrubs (the data is being produced, and needs second round survey to confirm). Some very common plant species have not been found from the region, indicating the heavy anthropogenic pressure including construction activities, grazing, fire, and plantation of trees without knowing microhabitat have taken the toll, and also by the encroachment of alien and invasive plant species both in terrestrial and aquatic environment. It is quite important to update the biodiversity, study regeneration of plant and animal species and management of invasive species in order to restore the natural ecosystems of Lumbini to develop it as both a sacred pilgrimage site and nature reserve. Ecosystem conservation and reintroduction at LDT could be done by following the strong reliance of Gautam Buddha's teaching about nature and life.
Local Porters in Nepal: Acute Mountain Sickness and Load Weight of Cargo Carrying
Authors: Hillman Wendy
Published: August 2021

Local porters who haul burdens for trekkers are understudied and underappreciated for the labour they do in Nepal. Their susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) along with the weight of the loads they haul and carry in return for meagres payment, contribute to the difficulties of their very austere and under-resourced employment. They are frequently underpaid for their efforts. Acknowledgement by government organizations and trekking business owners could make their employment more viable by giving them a higher wage in spite of their occupation struggles. Data was gathered from 31 porters completing instruction at a Nepali Porters’ training establishment, based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The research used semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants participated in a 45-60-minute interview, which was recorded at the field site. All the interviews were documented and then transcribed into English by a bilingual Nepali PhD student. The data was coded using a hierarchical, thematic coding structure approach. Findings showed that porters knew about and had experienced AMS, and that their work of carrying heavy cargoes for trekkers and trekking companies were often not compliant with prescribed kilogram load limits.
Adventure Tourism: The new frontier: A Critical Review
Authors: Bajracharya Ramesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Writers: John Swarbrooke, Colin Beard, Suzanne Leckie & Gill PomfretPublisher: Butterworth-HeinemannAn imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803First published 2003, Copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
The Activity of Political Science Researchers in Public Debate: Case Study of Poland
Authors: Sroka Anna
Published: August 2021

This article has several aims. With the help of the original survey data, the article will analyse how Polish political scientists perceive the presence of members of their own scholarly discipline in public debate as desirable and what are their opinions on it. Secondly, the article determines to what extent the political changes initiated in 2015 have affected the general approach to media appearances, and assessments of their content and frequency. Thirdly, an attempt will also be made to determine to what extent the political convictions of political science researchers are correlated with the general assessment of the presence of researchers in public debate, the choice of media in which they are active, and the frequency of their appearances.
Time-dependent SI model for epidemiology and applications to Covid-19
Authors: Urena-Lopez Luis Arturo
Published: August 2021

A generalisation of the Susceptible-Infectious model is made to include a time-dependent transmission rate, which leads to a close analytical expression in terms of a logistic function. The solution can be applied to any continuous function chosen to describe the evolution of the transmission rate with time. Taking inspiration from real data of the Covid-19, for the case of cumulative confirmed positives and deaths, we propose an exponentially decaying transmission rate with two free parameters, one for its initial amplitude and another one for its decaying rate. The resultant time-dependent SI model, which under extra conditions recovers the standard Gompertz functional form, is then compared with data from selected countries and its parameters fit using Bayesian inference. We make predictions about the asymptotic number of confirmed positives and deaths, and discuss the possible evolution of the disease in each country in terms of our parametrisation of the transmission rate.
Localized overheating on aluminum metafilms mediated by surface plasmons
Authors: Martínez Lara David Eduardo , González Campuzano Ricardo , Benítez Benítez José Luis , Mendoza López Doroteo
Published: August 2021

We studied the increase in temperature of systems formed by thin aluminum films deposited on texturized substrates which we denominated aluminum metafilms. By varying the geometric parameters of the metafilms, surface plasmons in the wavelength range of ~420-770 nm were excited. Temperature measurements as a function of the intensity of incident radiation in the interval from 0-to 4X10^18 (photons/s cm^2) using wavelengths of 445, 532 and 650 nm, showed temperature increases up to ~200 K, these attributed to metafilm morphology and hot electrons result of the non-radiative decay of the surface plasmons. Also increases up to 2.3X10^(-4) Ohm cm  in electrical resistivity were recorded when the metafilms were radiated for times of ~1 s; when the exposure times were greater than ~4 s, irreversibly changes in the morphology of the samples were observed.
Shell Model calculations of nuclear structure in ʺIsland of inversionʺ N=20 region: 32-36Mg isotopes
Authors: Ahmed Firas Abed
Published: August 2021

The intruder configurations (1p-1h), (2p-2h) and (3p-3h) were studied in this work for the island of inversion within the SDPF-U Hamiltonian. The effect of the proton locations on the structure (energies and transition probabilities) for even-even and even-odd magnesium (N=20-24) isotopes is studied.
Unusual Post-Traumatic Under-Serosa Rupture of the Gallbladder
Authors: Rami Guizani , Rami Guizani , Saber Rebii , Mohamed Hajri , Hakim Zenaidi , Ayoub Zoghlami
Published: August 2021

Gallbladder lesions due to blunt abdominal injury are rare, being found in only about 2% of patients who
undergo laparotomy for abdominal trauma. It is commonly associated with other concomitant visceral
injuries. It is challenging to make an early diagnosis. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman victim of
a public road accident who underwent laparotomic cholecystectomy. Acute post traumatic cholecystitis was
suspected based on clinical and radiologic data. Perioperative findings showed no ascites, but a distended
gallbladder. Its serosa was intact. After its removal, we opened the gallbladder, we discovered a rupture of
the mucosa and bile trapped between the mucosa and the serosa of the gallbladder. The postoperative course
was simple.
How to Evaluate the Pulmonary Valve and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Prone Position during Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Castillo Gordillo Cesar Del , Castillo Gordillo Cesar Del , Yanez Vidal Francisca , Appiani Florit Franco , Verdugo Thomas Fernando , Begazo Gonzales Arnulfo , Alfaro Diaz Mario
Published: August 2021

In the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed a series of echocardiograms using subcostal views. After placing a patient in a prone position during invasive mechanical ventilation, the echocardiogram transducer was placed under the patient in the left subcostal position. This performance allowed us to evaluate the function of the pulmonary valve and estimate pulmonary pressure. This is a complement to the monitoring with a transthoracic echocardiogram in the prone position.
Leadership in times of natural crises-a systematic literature review
Authors: Chuadhry Zafar Qasim Zafar , Irum Sobia , Khalid Maryam , Almulla Abbadah Adnan , Almajid Abdalrahaman Nassir , Ali Samah
Published: August 2021

The topic of leadership comes with many elements of situational scenarios, one particular of interest is during times of natural crisis. Natural crisis affects businesses and people worldwide with varying effects. It is notable that leadership styles and other factors can lead a business either to success or failure based on their proactivity. To explore the area of leadership studies in times of natural crises, a systematic literature review was undertaken. The review of studies from past fifteen years revealed that there were a lot of studies on the topic of leadership. Out of those, only 34 articles published from 2005 to 2020 were found relevant to the topic under study. These were presented in the form of a systematic literature review of “Leadership in Times of Natural Crises”. The systematic literature review was done using PRISMA framework which is the most widely known method of conducting review. The main link between these articles, although each focusing on different areas of research, was the relationship between leadership styles and impact on organizational management during natural crises. The review of the 34 articles from Scopus database explored different leadership styles and theories with their impact on organizations. The resources grew substantially in relation to COVID-19 in 2020, which also highlights the importance of this topic as there were limited resources available in the last twenty years when exploring papers that studied the impact of leadership impact during SARS outbreak in 2003. The finding of this article highlights the gap in research on leadership studies, and particularly in relation to pandemics, or for a broader term, natural crises.