bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after breast cancer surgery
Authors: De Haes J. C. J. M. , Welvaart K.
Published: February 2007

All patients (N=41) who participated in a randomized clinical trial in the Leiden University Hospital comparing mastectomy to tumorectomy have been studied with respect to their quality of life 11 months (± 5) after surgery. The body image of patients is more severely impaired after mastectomy than after tumorectomy (P < .01).

The studied groups did not differ, as has been suggested, with respect to fear of recurrence and death. These fears, however, turned out to be inversely related to the age of the patients (r = ‐.34, P = .02).
Multimodal approach in the therapy of stage III female breast cancers
Authors: Shanta V. , Krishnamurthi S. , Sastry D. V. L. N. , Menon Ranjini
Published: February 2007

One thousand thirty‐seven female breast cancers were treated at the Cancer Institute (WIA), Madras, between 1965 and 1978. Five hundred twenty‐one of them (ie, just over 50%) were in stage III, with extensive local disease, unsuitable for surgery ab initio. Four hundred twelve of them (group A) received radiation therapy (RT) initially and 109 (group B) a combination of radiation and chemotherapy (CT). In 68% of the former and 77% of the latter the tumours became resectable after this preliminary treatment. Radical mastectomy in group A and Patey's mastectomy in group B were performed. The material in these two groups was similar. The five‐year survival NED in group A was 45%, and in group B 64.61%. Adequate surgery following RT and CT seemed essential to improve survival. The impact of added chemotherapy (CT) was mainly felt in the node‐positive cases.
Combined ultrasounds and CEA in preoperative assessment of hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Colizza S. , Lupattelli R. , De Fazio S. , Preziosi P. , Karakachi F. , Cucchiara G.
Published: February 2007

A consecutive series of 100 patients affected by gastrointestinal malignancies entered a prospective controlled study of liver metastases performed by ultrasound echography, CEA, hepatic enzymes (only alkaline phospha‐tase (AP) was found to be somehow significant). Laparotomic inspection and palpation were taken as objective control of ultrasound scan. Eighteen out of the 100 patients showed diffuse hepatic metastases at surgery (all controlled histologically). Hepatic echography correctly diagnosed liver metastases in 15 out of these 18 patients ( = 83.8% sensitivity); two more cases (hepatic fibroangiomas) were interpreted as metastases (= 89.9% specificity). CEA‐RIA assay was pathologic (> 10 ng/ml) in all of the 18 patients with liver metastases; 21 out of the 82 without liver metastases were CEA positive (difference of mean values statistically significant at P < 0.01). The only significant hepatic enzyme was AP, which was pathologic in 12 out of 18 patients with liver metastases. The comparative evaluation of the three tests showed that ultrasound scanning missed three cases of diffuse hepatic metastases, which, however, were CEA positive, while AP could not help to correct such misdiagnosis.
Plasmacytoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Edney James A. , Thompson Jon S. , Conley Margaret C. , Moore George E.
Published: February 2007

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland is an extremely rare lesion of which there have been only four other reported cases. The importance of these lesions rests in the possibility of their being a harbinger of multiple myeloma or their subsequent transformation to multiple myeloma. Because of its extreme rarity, the proper management remains unclear.
Carcinoma of the gallbladder: Autopsy findings in 287 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sons H. U. , Borchard F. , Joel B. S.
Published: February 2007

From 1950 to 1982, 287 patients with cancer of the gallbladder were autopsied. The ratio of men to women was 1:3.7. The average age of women was 70 years; that of men was 69.5 years. Most tumors (67.7%) had grown by diffuse infiltration and one‐third (32.3%) were polypous‐exophttic. Fundus and collum of the gallbladder showed an equal frequency (24%) of tumor localisation. The percentage of all gallbladder malignomas that were adenocarcinomas of various differentiation was 84.6, and 10.9% were anaplastic carcinomas, the rest consisted of squa‐mous cell carcinomas (3.7%) and 0.8% sarcomas. Metastases were found in 265 cases (92.3%). Tumorous infiltration, lymph node metastases, and visceral metastases are discussed. A cholelithiasis was found in 78.4%. The results are compared with the literature.
Levamisole in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Fischer Sharon P. , Lindermuth John , Hash Cecil , Shenkin Henry A.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐five patients with malignant glioma were randomized to receive radiation therapy only or radiation therapy and oral Levamisole. There were no differences in survival between the two groups and therefore no advantage in the use of Levamisole in glioblastoma could be demonstrated.
Biopsy of bone tumours
Authors: Den Heeten C. J. , Oldhoff J. , Oosterhuis J. W. , Schraffordt Koops H.
Published: February 2007

Bone biopsy is not only the most important step in the diagnosis of bone tumours, but since the introduction of chemotherapy, it has also become essential in the evaluation of treatment of highly malignant bone tumours.

A total of 206 bone biopsies were performed on 136 patients seen between January 1, 1978 and August 1, 1982 (99 open and 107 drill biopsies).

Complications during or after biopsy were relatively rare, and none were of a serious nature. Pathological fractures at sites of biopsies developed exclusively in patients given chemotherapy. In gaining adequate histologic material, the overall result of open bone biopsies (98%) was superior to that of drill biopsies (70%). The choice between both techniques was dependent on individual patient factors. Of the total of 206 bone biopsies, 10% proved not to be representative.

It is concluded that, especially in patients given chemotherapy for a malignant tumour of a long bone, the possibility of a spontaneous fracture after a bone biopsy should be borne in mind.
Testicular neoplasms in hispanic brothers
Authors: Shapiro Charles M. , Otero Neftali , Garcia Jose , Yoon Woo J.
Published: February 2007

Two hispanic brothers developed nonconcordant testicular malignancies in an interval of 11 months. They represent the 36th report of familial testicular neoplasia. The problems deriving from poor patient compliance are documented.
Prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA level compared to clinical staging: III. An approach to scoring of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer
Authors: Brümmendorf T. , Anderer F. A. , Staab H. J. , Hornung A. , Stumpf E. , Kieninger G.
Published: February 2007

In a clinical study of observed postoperative survival of colorectal cancer patients, we investigated the application of a risk score based on tumor‐related prognostic parameters. Six hundred seventy‐four patients have been registered for primary surgery of colorectal cancer since 1974 who did not receive further postoperative treatments. The prognostic parameters included operability, tumor extension, and preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. The scoring system was based on the average death‐rate ratios of subgroups of patients and their age and sex‐matched reference groups derived from the general life table of the population of the Federal Republic of Germany. The individual score sums of the patients exhibited score sum ranges which characterized groups of patients with entirely different observed survival. The prediction of individual survival after primary operation was only partly possible. In the plot of individual survivals vs individual score sums, a marginal risk zone was obtained which evidently represents the zone of maximum expected survival of patients who do not receive further postoperative treatment.
Our experience with resection of primary and secondary liver tumours
Authors: Manfredi Dante , Campioni Norberto , Sorvillo Giovanni , Grauso Francesco , Romano Patrizio , Guglielmi Claudio , Sega Fabio Massimo
Published: February 2007

The authors retrospectively analyse the results achieved in recent years by surgical treatment of 103 malignant primary or secondary liver cancers: (Three patients have been operated on twice at different times for recurrence.) 23 hepatic resections were performed for benign lesions. The operative mortality is very low, the incidence of postoperative complications is minimal, and the survival up to 8 years is rather satisfactory. In all cases we used Ton That Tung's surgical technique, that is, “finger fracture with intraparenchymal ligature of the vasculobiliary pedicles.”.
What ultrasonography can tell in breast masses that mammography and physical examination cannot
Authors: Rosner Dutzu , Blaird Donna
Published: February 2007

The capability of ultrasonography to provide additional information to the physical and mammographic examination for therapeutic decision was investigated in a prospective study. Four hundred patients with palpable or radiologic breast masses requiring surgical biopsy were studied. The high resolution and accuracy of ultrasonography vs. mammography in the diagnosis of cystic masses (96%, 63/66 vs. 42%, 20/48) (p < 0.001) and fibrocystic masses (84%, 131/156 vs. 74%, 80/108) (p < 0.10), led to a substantial reduction of surgical biopsies in favor of aspiration or follow‐up policy, particularly when physical examination and mammography were inconclusive. Breast cancers were accurately diagnosed in 73% (88/ 120) by sonography and 84% (98/116) by mammography (p > 0.10). The major limitation of ultrasonography was noticed in the diagnosis of minimal breast cancer (23%, 5/21) due to its inability to visualize microcalci‐fications. Our study validates the importance of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and therapeutic decision of cystic and fibrocystic masses but cannot substitute mammography in early detection of breast carcinoma.
Leiomyoma of the spermatic cord
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Weilbaecher Thomas G.
Published: February 2007

A case of leiomyoma of the spermatic cord is described, and the English literature is reviewed.
Continuous epidural narcotic analgesia for intractable pain due to malignancy
Authors: Yablonski‐Peretz T. , Klin B. , Beilin Y. , Warner E. , Baron S. , Olshwang D. , Catane R.
Published: February 2007

Eighty consecutive cancer patients with severe pain, uncontrolled by conventional narcotic analgesics, received a 2‐mg test dose of morphine epidurally. Thirty‐four of them had significant pain relief and were thus selected to receive continuous treatment. This consisted of 2–6 mg of morphine administered every 8–24 hours through an indwelling epidural catheter. The duration of treatment was from 1 to 28 weeks with a median of 4 weeks. Twenty‐five (76%) of the patients experienced complete relief of pain, while nine had only a partial analgesic response. Complications were minimal. No sepsis, hypotension, or respiratory depression occurred. It is recommended that cancer patients with intractable pain will be selected for continuous epidural analgesia by evaluating their response to a test dose of epidural morphine.
A clinical evaluation of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Satake Katsusuke , Kanazawa Gakushu , Kho Ichikun , Chung Young‐Suk , Umeyama Kaoru
Published: February 2007

We have studied serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 221 persons to assess their usefulness in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Although serum CA19‐9 and CEA in all healthy controls were within normal limits, the positive ratings of serum CA19‐9 and CEA in all benign disease were 9.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Sensitivity of serum CA19‐9 for pancreatic carcinoma was 70.5%, which was higher than that found in healthy controls, benign disease, and other malignant disease except biliary carcinoma; but sensitivity of serum CEA levels (67.7%) was not different from that seen in malignant disease. Three of 34 patients (8.8%) with pancreatic carcinoma who had a above‐normal levels of serum CA19‐9 but not serum CEA were resectable. Although there was no correlation between serum CA19‐9 and CEA, advanced stages of pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcimoma tend to show high serum CA19‐9 and CEA, but no statistical differences were observed in relation to the stages of these carcinomas. Comparative studies of serum CA19‐9 and CEA for sensitivity and the predictive value of true positive and negative results for detecting pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcinoma showed that serum CA19‐9 has significantly higher sensitivity and predictive value of true positive results for pancreatic carcinoma than for gastric and colorectal carcinoma (P < 0.05). However, serum CEA measurements did not show any difference between these carcinomas, and the highest predictive value of a true negative result for excluding pancreatic carcinoma was also observed in serum CA19‐9. These results indicate that although the CA19‐9 assay is not specific for pancreatic carcinoma, it is a more useful adjunct method for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma, possibly in resectable stages.
Heterogeneity of breast carcinomas determined by flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Prey Marianne U. , Meyer John S. , Stone Kenneth R. , McDivitt Robert W.
Published: February 2007

Eight cases of primary breast carcinoma were studied for evidence of heterogeneity by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining of DNA. Tumors ranged from 2.5 to 8.0 cm in greatest dimension, mean 4.2 cm. Five to 11 samples, determined by tumor size, were analyzed from each primary tumor in addition to 4 axillary lymph nodal metastases from 3 of the 8 cases. The presence of carcinoma was demonstrated histologically in each flow cytometric sample. Three of the carcinomas showed only diploid DNA content. Three showed the same single hyperdiploid population in each sample. Two carcinomas (2.5 and 3.5 cm) were heterogeneous and demonstrated 2 or 3 hyperdiploid populations. The 2 or 3 distinct hyperdiploid populations were present singly or sometimes in combination in one sample. Five of the 11 samples from 1 of the heterogeneous tumors and its axillary metastasis contained a single diploid population. Therefore, flow cytometric analysis of a single sample from a breast carcinoma may not be representative of the entire tumor. The study of multiple samples of breast carcinomas by flow cytometry is necessary for full characterization of the tumors.
Mixed juvenile‐adenomatous polyp of the rectum in an elderly patient
Authors: Berg Howard K. , Herrera Lemuel , Petrelli Nicholas J. , Lopez Cecilia , Mittelman Arnold
Published: February 2007

Large bowel polyps with mixed histologic patterns are rare. Recommendations for their management must be based on the component most propense to develop into a malignancy.
Immune status in advanced upper gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Das S. N. , Khanna N. N.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐eight cases of advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer were assessed for their immune status prior to any form of therapy. Cell‐mediated immunity, as tested by absolute lymphocyte count, T‐cell count and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to purified protein derivative and phytohemagglutinin showed severe depression. Immunoglobulins A and M were elevated, while immunoglobulin G reduced. No correlation could be established between the immune status and the site of cancer or its extent, the performance status of the patients, or their response to chemotherapy.
Locally aggressive differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Tovi Ferit , Goldstein Jed
Published: February 2007

Local infiltration of adjacent anatomic structures and soft tissues of the neck from well‐differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a relatively infrequent occurrence. We report our experience with 21 such cases seen in our department over the past 20 years. All patients were treated by total thryoidectomy and total or partial excision of the infiltrated adjacent structures. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent type of primary tumor seen. Following the definitive surgery, all patients were scanned with radioactive iodine (131I). In case of isotope entrapment, a curative dose 131I was given. All patients in our series were required to receive thyroid hormone replacement. Four patients died as a result of their disease. Uncontrolled local disease and distant metastases were present at the time of death. Three patients died of unrelated causes. Two‐thirds of the patients are still alive (from 1 to 19 years after the treatment).
Early‐stage rectal cancer: Electrofulguration in comparison to abdominoperineal extirpation or low‐anterior resection
Authors: De Graaf Peter W. , Roussel Jan G. , Gortzak Ernst , Hart Guus A. M. , Jongman Ans , Van Slooten Emil A.
Published: February 2007

For some small rectal cancers electrofulguration can be an attractive alternative to more extensive surgical procedures. This report is a review of 49 patients who, after careful selection, were considered ideal candidates for curative fulguration in the period 1959–1982. All had rectal adenocarcinomas and were clinically staged as Dukes' A tumors. To put the results of this analysis into perspective, they are compared to the results of those patients (34) who also had early clinical stage rectal adenocarcinomas, but for a variety of reasons underwent abdominoperineal excisions (APE, 11 patients) or low‐anterior resections (LAR, 23 patients) instead of fulguration. Postoperative complications after fulguration were minimal, there were no postoperative deaths, and all patients retained anal continence. After APE or LAR there were two postoperative deaths (one myocardial infarction, one ruptured iliac aneurysm); postoperative morbidity was greater. All LAR‐treated patients remained continent. Of the patients at risk 55% remained disease‐free after fulguration, while 77% remained disease‐free after APE or LAR (P = 0.023). This is due to a higher percentage of loco‐regional recurrences occurring after fulguration than after APE or LAR (31% vs 9%, respectively, P = 0.021). The percentage of patients with distant metastases in both groups are similar. It seems that electrofulguration of rectal cancers, even in strictly selected patients in a specialized institution, can lead to an unacceptably high percentage of patients with loco‐regional recurrences. Nearly all local failures occurred in patients with tumors that measured more than 3 cm in diameter and/or occupied more than one‐third of the rectal circumference. Salvage operations for loco‐regional failure were performed in 13 patients, 5 of whom are alive with no evidence of disease. Since there seems to be a direct relation between tumor size and the chance of loco‐regional recurrence and since salvage operations for local failure are not uniformly successful, electrofulguration for cure must be reserved for the very rare patient with a very small early‐stage rectal cancer.
Pyomyositis: A differential diagnosis from sarcoma
Authors: Reid Stephen E. , Nambisan Ramachandran , Karakousis Constantine P.
Published: February 2007

A case of pyomyositis, a deep muscle abscess, presenting as a soft tissue sarcoma is reported. Although common in the tropics, this disease is quite rare in the United States. The presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the problem are discussed and reviewed.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast, v. changes in patient population and therapeutic modalities at a metropolitan hospital (1971–1980)
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. (Margaret)
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study of 408 patients who had mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast during 1971–1980. Over these 10 years, we have had a significant increase in Hispanic patients. Although the mean size of breast tumors among the Hispanic patients was smaller than that of our black patients, Hispanic patients are more likely to have higher numbers of positive axillary lymph nodes. Similar to the nationwide trend, over 90% of the patients had modified radical mastectomy in recent years, and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy has replaced postoperative radiotherapy for patients with axillary metastasis. Postmastectomy actuarial 5‐year relapse rates of our patients with none or 1–3 positive axillary nodes were quite similar. Among patients with 1–3 positive axillary nodes, year of diagnosis and whether postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was added or not did not affect disease‐free probability. However, among patients who had four or more positive axillary nodes, those who were admitted after 1976 and who received systemic chemotherapy (90% had CMF) had a much lower probability of developing recurrence.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: A study of four patients with comments on histogenesis
Authors: Callery Charles D. , Sanders M. Melinda , Pratt Steven , Turnbull Alan D.
Published: February 2007

The histogenic origin of squamous carcinoma of the stomach (SCS) is controversial. We report the case of a 55‐year‐old man who developed SCS following successful chemotherapy for generalized well‐differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. The patient's stomach contained both squamous carcinoma arising in squamous metaplasia and chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia. This case is compared to three additional cases of SCS where no such antecedent mucosal changes were evident. The SCS literature is reviewed and the histogenesis regarding the development of pure squamous tumors of the stomach is discussed.
Percutaneous subclavian catheterization for prolonged systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Thompson W. Raleigh , Alexander H. Richard , Martin Alfred J. , Fletcher J. Raymond , Ghosh Bimal C.
Published: February 2007

Recent experience with 108 Broviac catheters was reviewed. Sixty‐eight were percutaneously placed in the subclavian veins of adults receiving systemic chemotherapy. For subclavian catheters perioperative and late complications were unusual. There was no pneumothorax or serious bleeding associated with insertion, even in severely thrombocytopenic patients. Mean catheter life was 93 days. Infection occurred in only five cases (7%). We conclude that percutaneous placement of right atrial catheters is a safe procedure which provides reliable access for prolonged chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Testicular neuroblastoma
Authors: Kellie Stewart J. , Waters Keith D.
Published: February 2007

We describe, in a young boy, a case of neuroblastoma presenting only as a painless unilateral testicular mass. Clinical and laboratory evidence of disseminated neuroblastoma was first apparent nine months after high orchiectomy. As far as we are aware this is the only reported instance of testicular neuroblastoma in the absence of disseminated disease. Discussion is directed to the possible explanations for this rare testicular lesion, and in addition, underlines the potential difficulties in the diagnosis of certain small cell tumors.
Anaplastic transformation of metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Moore John H. , Bacharach Benjamin , Choi Hong Y.
Published: February 2007

This is a case report of a patient believed to be the first reported case of pulmonary metastases from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid undergoing transformation to anaplastic carcinoma proven by serial biopsies.
Familial plantar fibromatosis
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. , Van Dyne Timothy A.
Published: February 2007

A family in which three siblings developed plantar fibromatosis is described. This occurrence confirms the importance of heredity in the etiology of plantar fibromatosis.
Prostatic carcinoma metastatic to bone: Sensitivity and specificity of prostate‐specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in decalcified material
Authors: Shah Niranjan T. , Tuttle Steven E. , Storbel Stephan L. , Gandhi Leena
Published: February 2007

Decalcified bone marrow biopsies containing metastatic tumor from 36 patients were stained for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) using the avidin biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique. Of these patients, 22 had known prostate primaries, ten had known nonprostatic, and four female patients had unknown primaries. Prostate‐specific antigen was identified in 86% (19/22) of the metastatic prostatic carcinomas. Prostatic acid phosphatase was present in only 36% (8/22). None of the patients with nonprostatic primaries or unknown primaries showed positive staining for either antigen (0/14). This study indicates that immunoperoxidase staining for PSA is very sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma, while PAP was less sensitive using decalcified bone marrow specimens. We believe that immunostaining with PSA should be of great value in diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma metastatic to the bone.
Postoperative external irradiation in thyroid carcinoma: A clinical experience of 20 treated patients and literature radiotherapy review
Authors: Ampil Federico L.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective review is presented of 20 evaluable patients who underwent surgical resection or biopsy for limited stage thyroid carcinoma at two institutions between 1963 and 1983. The majority had external radiotherapy to the whole neck and upper mediastinum and the total dose given varied from 3,800 to 6,000 rads. For group I (microscopic residual disease), 81.8% (9/11 patients) local control was observed during a follow‐up period of 2–75 months with adjuvant postoperative irradiation compared to surgery alone, 14.2% (1/7 patients) local control; 75% (9/12 patients) are alive and well. In group II (gross residual disease), local control was 25% (2/8 patients) and the survival was 14 and 60 months, respectively, with external radiotherapy. The beneficial external irradiation effects in terms of local control and survival even in some patients with gross unresectable disease are reiterated from this small series. A literature review summary of external radiotherapy results is also presented.
Progress in screening for early breast cancer
Authors: Baker Larry H. , Chin TOM D. Y. , Wagner Kay V.
Published: February 2007

Ten years have now passed since the American Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute sponsored Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects (BCDDP) started to evaluate the use of mammography, physical examination, thermography, and breast self‐examination in screening women for the presence of unsuspected breast cancer. Criteria have been developed to evaluate population screening as an approach to cancer control and breast cancer screening techniques. Combined physical examination and mammography have been particularly successful in detecting early breast cancer. Although the number of screening programs for breast cancer has increased in the past decade, real progress has been surprisingly slow and the issues in breast cancer screening have proved to be subtle and complex.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung and pulmonary tumorlets in an adult
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is usually diagnosed in neonates. It is rare in children beyond infancy and only two cases have been diagnosed in adults. The third adult case in which the disease was associated with pulmonary tumorlets is described.
Hepatic staging in operable breast cancer: A reappraisal from a prospective study
Authors: Colizza S. , Lupattelli R. , De Fazio S. , Preziosi P. , Karakaci F. , Cucchiara C.
Published: February 2007

A consecutive series of 100 patients affected by breast cancer and referred for surgical treatment were studied for the eventual spread of the tumour to the liver (echography, carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], hepatic enzymes). Hepatic echography was positive in five cases: two also had bone and skin metastases at the time of diagnosis, and one was a case of remastectomy (these three patients died rather quickly of the disease); the remaining two patients are free of the disease 24 months after surgery and thus should be considered false‐positive cases. Hepatic enzymes were not significant. The same was true for CEA except in nine cases with levels > > 20 ng/ml (six of these had early local and/or distant metastases). It is concluded that the usefulness of routine hepatic echography before loco‐regional treatment of breast cancer is rather limited. CEA > > 20 ng/ml may be useful prognostically.
Wilms' tumor—treatment and results: A five‐decade experience
Authors: Allen James E. , Brecher Martin J. , Karp Melvyn P. , Cooney Donald R. , Jewett Theodore C.
Published: February 2007

During the past 53 years, 105 patients with Wilms' Tumor have been treated at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo. Prospective and retrospective staging of these cases has allowed comparison with other reported series. All‐stage survival improved from 37% with operation alone to 46% with operation and planned radiotherapy. During the past 22 years, with the addition of adjunctive chemotherapy, all‐stage survival is now 80% with lesser stage survival approaching 100%. Participation in the cooperative National Wilms' Tumor Study has brought the most effective proven treatment to the patient in the shortest period of time.
Juxtadrenal schwannoma: Verification of the diagnosis by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies
Authors: Oliver William R. , Reddick Robert L. , Gillespie G. Yancey , Siegal Gene P.
Published: February 2007

Solitary schwannomas arising in the Juxtadrenal region are exceedingly rare. A middle‐aged woman with a confusing clinical course was found to have a solid periadrenal mass, which was surgically excised. The gross and light microscopic appearance of the tumor was suggestive but not diagnostic of this entity. However, electron microscopic evaluation of the neoplasm revealed prominent basal lamina and interdigitating cellular processes characteristic of a schwannoma. The diagnosis of schwannoma was further supported by the demonstration of S‐100 protein, type IV (basement membrane) collagen, and laminin immunoreactivity by immunohistochemical techniques. The use of these special studies to arrive at the diagnosis in this case and in the larger context in the diagnosis of rare adrenal and periadrenal tumors of uncertain origin is fully discussed.
Adrenal cortical carcinoma: Case report
Authors: Sipio James C. , Rohner Thomas J. , Drago Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, comprising only 0.02 to 0.04% of all cancers [Nader et al, Cancer 52:707–11, 1983; Didolkar et al, Cancer 47:2153–61, 1981; Hajjar et al, Cancer 35:549–54, 1975]. The mean age of presentation for females is 36.6 years and for males, 48 years. In general, women have a higher percentage of functioning adrenal tumors. Functional tumors are hormonally active with excess steroid production in serum and urine with associated clinical signs and symptoms.
Skin cancer caused by grenz rays
Authors: Dabski Krzysztof , Stoll Howard L.
Published: February 2007

A 30‐year‐old woman developed chronic radiodermatitis and five squa‐mous cell carcinomas within 7 years following a 16‐year period of repeated grenz irradiations given to her psoriasis. The estimated cumulative dose of grenz radiation was approximately 3,000 rads (r) to each treated area.

This case, illustrating a rather underestimated carcinogenic potential of grenz rays, is interpreted in light of the available literaure on the subject. The technical bases of grenz ray therapy are also briefly reviewed.
Comparative studies of chemotherapy of human tumor cells in vitro by tritiated thymidine uptake inhibition and soft agar clonogenic assay
Authors: Zirvi Karimullah A. , Hill George J. , Hill Helene Z.
Published: February 2007

A rapid nonsterile short‐term assay has been investigated in which percent inhibition of incorporation of the DNA precursor (3H)‐thymidine is measured following exposure of tumor cells to the test drugs. To evaluate the usefulness of the short‐term assay in providing a rapid reliable assessment of chemotherapeutic response, the short‐term assay was compared with the soft agar clonogenic assay. Sensitivity to five anticancer drugs was compared using three human tumor cell lines (epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity, pancreatic carcinoma, and bladder carcinoma). The short‐term assay produced results that were similar to results of the clonogenic assay in two of the three tumors tested, for three drugs (cis‐platin, doxo‐rubicin, and BCNU), but did not detect responses to two antimetabolites (5‐FU and MTX) in any tumor. Further studies of this short‐term assay should focus on alkylating agents and other nonantimetabolites.
Combined occurrence of third ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic mixed glioma
Authors: Shuangshoti Samruay
Published: February 2007

A unique combination of occurrence of the 3rd ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic cystic mixed astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma is encountered in a 15‐year‐old man who presented clinically with stunted growth of the body, diabetes insipidus, and stupor. The germinoma was diagnosed by biopsy but the hypothalamic glioma was discovered at autopsy. Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the neoplastic cells confirmed the gliomatous nature of the hypothalamic lesion. The probability of multiple tumors should be kept in mind in dealing with intracranial neoplasms in order that the patient will be properly diagnosed and managed.
Low‐dose (diagnostic‐like) X‐ray as a cocarcinogen in mouse colon carcinoma
Authors: Weinerman B. H. , Orr K. B. , Lu L. , Rogers A.
Published: February 2007

To test the hypothesis that low‐dose (diagnostic‐like) radiation may play the part of a cocarcinogen in inflammatory bowel disease, we used four groups of BALB/C mice, (a control, dimethylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine plus low‐dose radiation, and low‐dose radiation). We found no protective or carcinogen effects of the radiation in combination with dimethylhydrazine compared to dimethylhydrazine alone. This type of negative experimental finding is important in that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease have many diagnostic x‐rays throughout life.
A case of midgut carcinoid with breast metastasis and cellular localization of serotonin and substance P.
Authors: Ahlman H. , Larsson I. , Grönstad K. , Tisell L‐E. , Dahlström A.
Published: February 2007

A case of midgut carcinoid with breast metastasis is reported. Hepatic metastases stored large amounts of serotonin as demonstrated by the Falck‐Hillarp technique. Immunocytochemically serotonin and substance P, which may co‐exist in gut enterochromaffin cells, were demonstrated in separate populations of tumor cells both in the hepatic and mammary neoplasms.
Prophylaxis of complications after urological abdominal surgery by substitution of plasma proteins
Authors: Bauer Hartwig W. , Schmiedt Egbert
Published: February 2007

A prospective randomized trial on 94 patients undergoing urological‐abdominal surgery has been carried out to evaluate the effect of postoperatively administered plasma proteins. A significant difference in the incidence of bronchopulmonary complications has been found between the treatment group and the control group. This may be due to the substitution of α1‐antitrypsin as indicated by assaying α‐antitrypsin activity. A positive trend, but no significant differences, could be demonstrated for wound healing and the need for antibiotics, postoperatively.
Thyroid hormone administration in irradiated patients
Authors: Murphy E. Dennis , Scanlon Edward F. , Garces Rafael M. , Khandekar Janardan D. , Bailey Lisa
Published: February 2007

In a recall clinic for patients at risk for thyroid carcinoma due to a history of radiation in infancy or childhood, a group of patients were randomly offered prospective suppressive L‐thyroxine therapy and matched to a radiated nontreated group. With an average of more than two years' follow‐up, the thyroid hormone‐treated radiated group developed fewer nodules and abnormalities to palpation and also had a statistically significant lessening of minimal palpable abnormalities compared to the nonthyroxine‐treated radiated group.
Adjuvant chemo‐lmmunotherapy in stage II carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Giuliano Armando E. , Sparks Frank C. , Patterson Karen , Spears Irene , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

From July of 1974 to June of 1978, 131 patients with Stage II carcinoma of the breast were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms in order to assess the efficacy of adding immunotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients had metastases in the axillary lymph nodes, but no clinical evidence of systemic disease. Prognostic factors were relatively equally distributed among the three treatment arms. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5‐fluo‐rouracil (CMF). In addition, patients received adjuvant immunotherapy consisting of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus a tumor cell vaccine. This vaccine was a mixture of allogeneic breast cancer cell lines grown in tissue culture. Fourteen patients receiving tumor cell vaccine developed hepatitis B, leading to the abandonment of this arm of the study. Side effects of chemotherapy were tolerable.

No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated in recurrence rate or survival. However, the two groups receiving adjuvant chemo‐immunotherapy had a slightly shorter time to recurrence and lower overall survival. The use of chemo‐immunotherapy as administered in this study did not improve the clinical course of patients with Stage II breast cancer and was associated with significant morbidity.
The demonstration of papilloma virus in cervical dysplasia and/or neoplasia
Authors: Ghosh Luna , Nadimpalli Venkat R. , Ronan Salve G. , Robertson Abel L.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐three random biopsy specimens of uterine cervix were studied by immunoperoxidase technique to evaluate the presence of HPV antigen in dysplastic and neoplastic cells. Four cases of mild dysplasia, nine cases of moderate to severe dysplasia, two cases of carcinoma in situ and one case of invasive carcinoma were associated with condylomatous lesions. Intranuclear dark‐brown precipitates were observed in superficial and intermediate zones of the dysplastic epithelium. Positive reaction was seen in condylomatous epithelium associated with neoplasia. No nuclear precipitates were observed in carcinoma cells, but one noncondylomatous lesion with moderate dysplasia showed positive intranuclear staining. These preliminary findings suggest that papilloma viruses may play a role in the development of human cervical neoplasias.
Melanotic primitive neuroectodermal (neuroepithelial) tumor of medulla
Authors: Shuangshoti Samruay
Published: February 2007

A 69‐year‐old man had a melanotic primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the medulla displaying various neuroepithelial elements including undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells forming Homer Wright's rosettes as well as neoplastic neuroglia resembling those seen in medulloblastoma. The neuroglial tumor cells were verified by demonstrating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cells. These findings support the concept that the primitive neuroectodermal tumor and medulloblastoma are similar neoplasms. They have been described by such diverse names as melanotic medulloblastomas and progonomas. Review of 18 reported cases of intracranial melanotic primitive neuroectodermal tumors, including the present one, reveals that they have common pathologic features, are most frequent in the cerebellum and fourth ventricle, often metastasize widely within the neuraxis or even systemically, occur more frequently in children than adults, and strike males more often than females.
Trabecular carcinoma of the skin simulating metastatic disease
Authors: Suster Saul , Ronnen Meyer , Lin Eran , Shewach‐Millet Miriam
Published: February 2007

A case of trabecular carcinoma of the skin that resulted in prequarter amputation of the arm for local tumor aggressiveness is presented. The tumor was originally diagnosed as metastatic, most probably neuroblastoma, leading to inadequate local resection that resulted in recurrence with extensive regional nodal metastases. The importance of recognizing trabecular carcinoma as a primary tumor of the skin with a potential for recurrence and metastasis is underscored, primarily since initial total excision with adequate margins of resection has proven in most instances to be curative.
Adenocarcinoma of the breast associated with silicone injections
Authors: Timberlake Gregory A. , Looney George R.
Published: February 2007

A 42‐year‐old woman developed inflammatory breast cancer in a breast with “silicone mastitis” 12 years after bilateral breast augmentation with liquid silicone injections. Despite aggressive local and systemic therapy, The patient died of her disease. Breast cancer arising in silicone‐injected breasts is reported infrequently, and physicians caring for patients with silicone breast injection augmentation should be aware of this potentially fatal association with breast cancer.
Histopathological evaluation of hyperthermochemo radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Sugimachi Keizo , Kai Hidenobu , Matsufuji Hidemasa , Ueo Hiroaki , Inokuchi Kiyoshi
Published: February 2007

The effectiveness of preoperative hyperthermo‐chemo‐radiotherapy for 25 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus was histopathologically compared with findings in 104 patients treated preoperatively with irradiation only. The preoperative hyperthermo‐chemo‐radiotherapy increased the rate of “markedly effective” in the resected tissue, when compared with findings in cases of irradiation only. With regard to long survival rates, The 5‐year survival rates of patients classed as “markedly effective” with preoperative combined therapy exceeded events in patients classed as “moderately effective,” and “ineffective,” with statistical significance. Preoperative hyperthermo‐chemo‐radiotherapy is the recommended treatment for patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.
A pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma with biochemical features of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Buamah P. K. , McArdle P. , Bennett M. , James O. F. W. , Lendrum R.
Published: February 2007

A case of pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma with biochemical characteristics similar to those of fibrolamellar carcinoma is described. During chemotherapy there was a marked disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: A multimodality approach
Authors: Lafreniere Rene , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

A 60‐year‐old homosexual male with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum, arising 7 cm from the dentate line, was treated with a rectal perserving multimodality approach consisting of excisional biopsy and chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and mitomycin‐C with concomitant administration of radiation therapy to the tumor and pelvic nodal bearing areas. The patient has remained disease‐free with full preservation of anorectal function on follow‐up at 2 years. This approach to a difficult and unusual problem is recommended as a first line of therapy rather than surgical resection if 1) it is deemed that the patient can tolerate a combination of chemo and radiation therapy and 2) the patient will be able to participate in a long‐term follow‐up.
Testicular neoplasm diagnosed by ultrasound
Authors: Senay Bruce A. , Stein Barry S.
Published: February 2007

The diagnosis of testicular cancer is usually made by the findings of a testicular mass on physical examination. in rare cases a young man will present with retroperitoneal nodes and a normal testicular examination. in such cases a testicular ultrasound may localize the testis which harbors a subclinical neoplasm. in addition serum markers of B‐HCG and AFP are essential. As a screening procedure a urine pregnancy test is helpful, since it can be obtained quickly while quantitative B‐HCG and APF results are delayed.
Small bowel lymphoma associated with AIDS
Authors: Collier Paul E.
Published: February 2007

Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are known to be at increased risk for developing malignancy; however, The spectrum that these malignancies encompass has not been fully defined. An unusual case of a 32 year old homosexual male with AIDS who developed two spontaneous small bowel perforations is presented. The diagnosis of primary histiocytic lymphoma of the small intestine was established only after his second operation.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with induction chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hayes Daniel F. , Lechan Ronald M. , Posner Marshall R. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Miller Daniel , Ervin Thomas J.
Published: February 2007

Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are reported in whom the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion occurred transiently during the rapid cytolytic phase of tumor destruction after chemotherapy with cis‐platinum diamminedi‐chloride and bleomycin. Immunoperoxidase staining for ADH of the original biopsy specimens from both patients was negative. Possible mechanisms for and the implications of the production of SIADH in this setting are discussed.
An assessment of the value of triple endoscopy in the evaluation of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Schuller David E. , Fritsch Michael H.
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of triple endoscopy in the routine diagnostic evaluation of head and neck cancer patients to (1) ascertain the accuracy and safety of this approach in identifying multiple neoplasms and (2) determine if such an approach is justifiable rather than relying on radiographic examinations coupled with the routine head and neck exam including indirect laryngoscopy. in this series, The incidence of second malignancies was found to be 11.3%, consistent with other reports in the medical literature. There were no complications noted as a result of triple endoscopy. There were no instances where the second malignancy was not diagnosed prior to triple endoscopy with either the physical exam or routine roentgenograms. There were no incidences where the treatment program of the primary tumor was altered by the information obtained at triple endoscopy. The results of this single institutional study suggest that triple endoscopy need not be a routine component of the diagnostic evaluation of every patient with head and neck cancer. However, every patient should probably have a thorough physical examination coupled with chest and esophageal roentgenograms to search for a simultaneous secondary neoplasm.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas: The yale experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Harrison Louis B. , Gutierrez Enrique , Fischer James J.
Published: February 2007

Between 1964 and 1978, 23 patients were referred for radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma. Three patients had complete excision and negative resection margins and all survived for 5 years without recurrent disease. One patient had complete resection but positive margins, but had a local recurrence 3 1/2 years after radiation. One patient had partial excision with gross residual, and this patient survived only 17 months after an incomplete radiation treatment schedule. Ten cases had biopsy only and were then referred. We found that there were only four cases that survived longer than 1 year, and their average dose of radiation was 4,400 rads, as compared to only 2,691 rads for the remaining six. We conclude that for incompletely resected or only biopsied retroperitoneal sarcoma, doses of 4,000‐5,000 rads should be given and then a re‐evaluation for complete resection should be done with CT scan and re‐exploration. For completely resected cases, we feel that postoperative radiation adds to the local control. We have reviewed the literature and presented the data in support of our conclusions.