bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of treatment satisfaction and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kalashnikova M. F. , Bondareva I. B. , Likhodey N. V. , Sych Yu. P.
Published: January 2021

Background: Low treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hinders the effective use of anti-diabetic agents and the achievement of glycemic control, reducing their quality of life and outcomes. Assessment of treatment adherence can help to identify and manage factors and barriers that affect therapy and treatment satisfaction.

Aim: To assess the treatment adherence of patients with T2DM, to identify the main barriers to adherence, and patient satisfaction with the treatment.

Materials and methods: FORSIGHT-T2DM was a  Russian multiregional, multicenter observational epidemiological study in 2014 patients with T2DM. The patients were assessed with the FORSIGHT- T2DM Patient Questionnaire, Moriski Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ).

Results: The mean (± SD) treatment adherence estimated using the MMAS was 5.86±1.39 points. The main barriers to adherence were high treatment costs, medication side effects, forgetfulness when taking drugs, complexity of the therapy or treatment regimen. The average number of daily medications was four. There was also a lack of contact with a doctor, poor awareness of the disease and its complications. Ninety (90) per cent of the respondents trusted the recommendations from their doctors, 7.6% followed the advice of relatives or friends. The patient's choice of medication was influenced by information about its effectiveness, its cost, and reimbursement, ease of administration, and information on the absence of side effects. Seventy eight (78) per cent of the respondents were “completely” or “rather” satisfied with their treatment. About 15% of patients rated the quality of care as unsatisfactory.

Conclusion: The results of the study identified an intermediate level of treatment adherence in most patients with T2DM, as well as multiple adherence barriers, including comorbidities and the need for continuous intake of various agents. Most patients showed high treatment satisfaction, which could be due to the high availability of outpatient consultations by an endocrinologist and inpatient treatment, free access to anti-diabetic medications. However, it may also be a  result of biased assessment of problems due to insufficient patient awareness of the therapy goals and a low level of knowledge about their disease. To study the factors affecting the adherence to medical recommendations among patients with T2DM, it is necessary to develop a  specific questionnaire for this patient category, which would allow for an evaluation both drug intake and other aspects of their comprehensive treatment, including the identification and analysis of the main barriers to adherence.
СОЦИОВИРТИВНОСТЬ КАК ВИД РЕАЛЬНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
Authors: Герман Ольга Николаевна
Published: January 2021

Резкий переход к более активному использованию современных виртуальных технологий в образовании привел к множеству проблем и негативных эффектов, начиная от технической неготовности некоторых вузов к данной реальности, заканчивая психологической напряженностью и снижением качества жизни всех субъектов образования. С целью выявить новые особенности структурных изменений образовательного процесса и обосновать причины возникающих трансформаций, существенно влияющих на качество получаемых дистанционно знаний, было проведено настоящее исследование. В статье предлагается новое понятие «социовиртивность» как новая онтологическая реальность человека. Раскрываются специфические особенности виртуального образа и виртуальной реальности. Объясняются отличия виртуального образа от зеркального. Рассматриваются характерные особенности виртуальной коммуникации. Представлены результаты анкетирования студентов ТУСУРа, в котором приняло участие 122 человека. Анкетирование было направлено на изучение конгруэнтности отношения студентов к первичному опыту перехода на дистанционную форму образования. В результате выявлены позитивные и негативные аспекты погружения в социовиртивное пространство, основные факторы снижения качества образования, заключающиеся в неготовности студентов и педагогов учитывать специфичность виртуальной среды и в отсутствии знаний управления ей и в психологической неготовности к новому формату взаимодействия.
Analysis of the chain of the banana industry of Ecuador and the European market
Authors: Vaca Eduardo , Gaibor Norma , Kovács Krisztián
Published: January 2021

Bananas are among the four main crops in the world, including wheat, rice, and corn. It is the most exported fresh fruit in the world in terms of volume and value. The European Union (EU) is the largest banana importer globally with an estimated volume share of 33%.  Ecuador is the top exporter since it is responsible for one-quarter of the world banana exportation. It represents 22% of total world exports, 27% of total agricultural exports in the country and 8% of the value of all exports (including oil). The present work analyzed the chain of the banana industry of Ecuador and its position in the EU market. A non-experimental empirical method with a quantitative and qualitative approach was used supported by scholarly literature and secondary research data collection. Results obtained show that the main countries destination shipped 87.8 % of total bananas exported from Ecuador in the period of 2007 – 2017. The largest importer of Ecuadorian banana is the European Union (28.9%). In Ecuador, approximately 78% of the banana producers are small companies, by adding the medium ones 95.6% is reached. Thus, the production of bananas in the country is mainly based on the family economy. In 2019, the official banana box price for producers in Ecuador is USD 6.30. In the EU market, it can reach over USD 18.00. It suggested an unfair payment to small and medium producers.

JEL CODE: Q13, M16, M21
Literatura sin palabras: el caso de los libros-álbum sin texto
Authors: Costa Inês , Margarida Ramos Ana
Published: January 2021

El libro-álbum, espacio de creatividad y experimentación, donde se entrecruzan lo lúdico y la sofisticación artística, fue considerado la contribución más original y relevante de la literatura infantil a favor de la literatura canónica. El libro-álbum sin texto, por su parte, sujeto a la narratividad que resulta exclusivamente de la secuencia de imágenes, plantea dudas sobre su integración en el dominio literario, desafiando los enfoques teóricos tradicionales y exigiendo un abordaje complementario de todos los elementos que componen el libro. La contención verbal intensifica los significados y obliga a una lectura profunda de las ilustraciones. A partir de ejemplos relevantes, cuestionaremos la integración de los libros-álbum sin texto al dominio literario, proponiendo una lectura con base en criterios estéticos, con énfasis en la narratividad.
Amor y la inspiración poética
Authors: Galicia Lechuga David
Published: January 2021

Es sabido que la personificación de Amor ha modelado la concepción de la poesía amorosa desde la Antigüedad. La presente propuesta se enfoca en un aspecto de esta figura poco discutido por la crítica: la inspiración poética. Se mostrará que la conformación de la creación poética fundamentada en el yo lírico se basa en una profunda relación de éste con el personaje Amor, en tanto que inspirador de la pasión y de la escritura. Se observará cómo esta idea surgió en la poética griega y cómo se desarrolló en tres momentos literarios: la elegía latina, la lírica medieval y la poesía petrarquista.
Luz de apoyo
Authors: Morábito Fabio
Published: January 2021

En este ensayo se explora la naturaleza de la luz en términos de experiencia personal, pero también sus implicaciones emocionales, poéticas y filosóficas. Aun cuando no se cite a Platón, el mito de la caverna es discutido implícitamente, en cuanto al sentido de la luz como aquello que literalmente ilumina y crea pertenencia, y al mismo tiempo también produce las sombras, que no son —en este ensayo— el pálido reflejo de la realidad, sino las huellas únicas y efímeras de un auténtico ejercicio de memoria.
Recovery After the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Case of Peruvian Tourism
Authors: Torres Zorrilla Jorge
Published: January 2021

The situation Peru is facing with the global COVID-19 pandemic and the economic recession during this 2020 constitutes the worst crisis over the last 100 years. This economic recession has not happened since the crisis of 1980. GPD may decline by 15 % this year. Also, the perspective on global economy is terrible and a sharp contraction of global GDP is expected. On the other hand, the period between 2020 and 2021 will be considered as years of economic development lost. Specifically, receptive tourism in Peru is in danger of extinction because of the pandemic. Activity in the tourism market, which gives employment to 1.4 million people who are mainly women, is in total collapse. This article aims to make a proposal to help tourism sales recover their position as the most important section of service exports in Peru. The proposal is intended to encourage a non-traditional form of tourism in the tropical coast of the north of the country that should complement the traditional archeological tourism. The conclusions make emphasis on the fact that, at present, Peru is not exploiting its historical richness or using its comparative advantage in tourism, which could become a leading sector of domestic economy. Finally, our thesis is based on the notion that, from 2021 onwards, the recovery of the Peruvian economy must necessarily be based on exploiting the recovery of external demand rather than putting our trust in domestic demand growth.
La Importancia del sector Minero para el Perú
Authors: Dammert L.* Alfredo
Published: January 2021

El Perú es uno de los principales exportadores de minerales a nivel mundial. En el cuadro 1 se puede apreciar que es el sexto productor de oro, tercer productor de plata, segundo productor de cobre, cuarto productor de plomo y tercer productor de zinc. Las exportaciones mineras peruanas representan aproximadamente el 60% de las exportaciones del país contribuyendo a la generación de divisas y permitiendo realizar importaciones que son necesarias para el crecimiento de la economía: vehículos, alimentos, artículos farmacéuticos, combustibles, y maquinaria y equipos, entre otros.
The impact of ICT on Financial Sector Policy Reforms in Post-Financial crisis era in Ghana:
Authors: Asamoah Julius Yaw , Owusu-Agyei Linda
Published: January 2021

Ghana, like most other developing countries, is not isolated from the global financial crisis through the impact of such a crisis on economies. This paper examines the financial sector reforms and its effect on the Ghanaian economy, within the developing country context in general and in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in particular. The paper seeks to enhance the understanding of relevant policy measures and reflects on what else could be done. The article further studies the effect of change in the institutional environment on bank governance practices primarily to improve the industry’s supervision and regulation, related to the post-crisis exit strategies. This paper discusses the development of ICT infrastructure and application as a basis for the main dimension of Ghana’s digital transformation in financial services. This paper is, therefore, motivated by the lack of empirical studies that examines how the impact of the banking reforms play a substantial role in promoting innovative digital payment systems to replace cash transactions. From the perspective of institutional theory, the study looked at why (and how) a number of policy measures have a significant impact on the financial performance of banks? And how the applications of e-finance in ICT and financial practices, provides several benefits within the banking sector improve the sector’s image and leads to a broader, faster and more efficient market? The application of Koppenjan and Groenewegen (2005) ‘s four-layer model ‘levels of institutional analysis’ perspective seems to be the most useful starting point, which provides the basis for an improved understanding of revealing the inefficient delivery of Ghanaian banking industry in the past. A combination of a review of secondary and empirical data, interviewed used in the analysis. Findings indicate that the financial and banking sector reforms help the industry   advance digital banking culture and impact on the general expansion of the financial and the infusion of financial inclusion in Ghana. These conclusions would be particularly useful in a similar picture in other developing countries, as well as by the bank authorities to create their future policy. It also joins the debate on the impact of the banking reform, a key turning point towards better regulation to refine crisis prevention and resolution mechanisms.
The determinant of Budget Absorption in Jember University
Authors: Ardianne Noordiana Fourqoni , Sulistiyo Agung Budi , Roziq Ahmad
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the determinants of budget absorption at Jember University. Determinants of budget absorption include planning, budget execution, human resources, procurement of goods and services and coordination with other sectors or agencies. This study uses the positivism paradigm with a quantitative approach to test hypotheses, so the data analysis in this study uses hypothesis testing. The study was conducted at the University of Jember. Sources of data in this study are primary data sources and secondary data. Primary data in this study were obtained from questionnaires disebearkan to BPP Work Units, Planning Staff, and Finance Staff at the Head Office of Jember University. While the secondary data in this study is in the form of Jember University Financial Statements. The research sample was obtained using purposive sampling with a total of 63 people. The results showed that coordination with other sectors or agencies was an aspect that had a positive effect on budget absorption at Jember University.
Management Accounting System, Internal Control of Credit Sales and Accounts Receivable Collections in Bakery Industry
Authors: . SUMINI
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the management accounting system, internal control of credit sales and accounts receivable collections in bakery industry. The novelty of this paper is to find out the results of bakery industy by considering a specific topic of financial issues. Every company has a role in the provision of credit problems but one of the most efficient ways for increasing sales is the provision of credit. However, basically credit sales have considerable customer risks who are not supposed to pay on accounts or customer who are not willing to pay for some reasons. To minimize these risks regarding the provision of credit, the company manager must be careful in selecting prospective customer before approving credit sales. This bakery industry is a company engaged in production and sales of bread and pastries. Based on research conducted by the author, the author asked the question whether the procedure of credit sales of accounts receivable collection has implemented internal control or not. The research method used is a library at the research field. Based on the result of this study, it concluded that the company sales of the applicable credit are in considerable amount, but the accounts receivable collection still has a few weaknesses which allow overdue customers to proceed the purchase orders. It is preferably to customers who have an overdue to be given limitation in ordering goods.
Assessment of Environmental Sources of Financial Risks on Commercial Banks in Ghana
Authors: ANTWI KOFI TWUM , Obiri Beatrice Darko , Obeng Elizabeth , Abugre Simon
Published: January 2021

This research examined bankers’ perceptions of environmental sources of financial risks and its impact on commercial banks in Ghana. Primary data was collected from a purposive sample of ninety-six (96) middle–level bank managers using structured questionnaires. Time series secondary data on banking performance (denoted as ROA and ROE) and stability (denoted as CAR and NPLR) and growth of five major industrial businesses (including agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing, and trade) as the environmental sources of financial risks, for a period of 13 years (2006-2018) was further obtained for analysis. Data was analyzed using the sample t-test and the multivariate dynamic panel regression model. The results show that, in bank lending, mining was perceived to be the topmost source of indirect environmental risk (credit and reputational risks), while agriculture was perceived to be the leading source of direct environmental risk (business risk). We found that perceptions of environmental sources of financial risk by mangers of locally owned banks differed from that of foreign owned banks. Growth of mining, trade and manufacturing positively influenced banking performance while the growth of construction and agriculture negatively influence banking stability. The study thus provides supportive evidence that commercial banks require set standards that guide clients’ business towards environmental sustainability
Government Ownership Effect on Staffing Level and Financial Performance
Authors: AlAli Musaed Sulaiman , Saeed Tariq
Published: January 2021

It has always been believed that government ownership would lead to bad financial performance and overstaffing in any organization. This study aims to examine the effect of government ownership on staffing level and the financial performance of Kuwaiti bank over the period 2010-2018. Using the financial data of ten banks listed at Kuwait stock exchange (KSE), results shows that there was s statistically significant direct relation between government ownership and overstaffing and statistically significant inverse relation between government ownership and the financial performance of banks measured by return on assets (ROA). On the other hand results show that there was no relation between overstaffing and the financial performance of Kuwaiti banks.
Impact of Sustainable Tourism Development on the Economy
Authors: Bajrami Halil , BELLAQA Bashkim
Published: January 2021

Abstract Today, tourism is becoming more and more the main sector of the economy by generating financial income and creating opportunities for new jobs. However, as one of the sectors where the economic growth of the country is expected to be concentrated in the future, tourism has still not found itself in genuine sectoral development. One of the many problems that Kosovo's tourism economy faces today is the identification of a genuine tourism product development strategy, as well as the use of marketing strategies, which will orient towards the sustainable development of tourism. In times of market economy, unfavorable fiscal policies in Kosovo often become an obstacle to the development of tour operators, even when they have the capacity and potential for development. Kosovo's tourism economy, in particular, and the economic sector in general are dominated by small and medium economic operators, while large economic operators are still in the process of privatization, therefore it is required to find a favorable sector strategy which in long-term period will ensure the sustainability of tour operators, offering a diversified tourism product.
Seasoned Equity Offerings and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Boehme Rodney D. , Fotak Veljko , May Anthony
Published: January 2021

Using a large sample of U.S. firms during 1987–2011, we find robust evidence that the issuance of seasoned equity is associated with abnormally high future stock price crash risk. The association between seasoned equity offerings and crash risk is stronger among offerings that involve the sale of secondary shares (existing shares sold by insiders or large blockholders). We also find that recent seasoned equity issuers are far less likely to experience sudden positive price jumps relative to firms that have not recently issued equity. Our findings of elevated crash risk and diminished jump risk, when taken together, are consistent with a heightened propensity for firms to hoard bad news but not good news when issuing equity.
Inventarisasi serangga dan tingkat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan pada tegakan jati (Tectona grandis LINN. F) di areal hutan tanaman rakyat (HTR) negeri Hila Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: M.A Wattimena Cornelia , Latumahina Fransina ,   Universitas Pattimura Ambon, Khomsah Kartikawati Noor ,   Balai Besar Litbang Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan
Published: January 2021

The study aims to determine the types of insects that attack teak plants, diagnose the symptoms of attack and estimate the magnitude and intensity of attacks caused by teak pest attacks. The results found two types of pests that attack teak stands namely Woodhoppers (Valanga nigricornis) and Caterpillars (Hyblaea puera) with moderate damage intensity. Wooden Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) measuring 45 - 55 mm (male) and 1575 mm (female), has a head, chest, thorax and abdomen, yellowish brown with a dark blue hue on the wings. The rear wing is visible when flying and is red. Teak caterpillars (Hyblaea puera) are found to be brown with a pair of small yellow stripes on each side, and between two lines are dark brown with a length of 3.5 cm, while the cocoon is dark brownish black, with an average length of 1.4-1, 9 cm, and an average weight of 0.7-1.3 mg. Valanga nigricornis attack area of 29.58% belong to the category of moderate attack and Hyblaea puera of 23.41% belonging to the category of mild attack
Sifat kayu jati unggul nusantara (Tectona grandis L.f.) pada tiga kelas diameter pohon
Authors:   Institut Pertanian Intan Yogyakarta, Sapto Putro Gudiwidayanto , Nugroho Marsoem Sri , Sulistyo Joko , Hadiwinoto Suryo
Published: January 2021

Increasing the growth rate of teak trees is carried out to shorten the tree harvest rotation and reduce the deficit of teak timber supply, while maintaining the superiority of wood properties. The study was conducted to study the nature offive-year-oldJUNTeak wood in three classes of tree diameter and radial position of the trunk.This study employed a completely randomized design arranged in factorial combinations of the treatments of radial positions and diameter classes consisting of large (18-22 cm), medium (14-18 cm) and small (10-14 cm) stem diameters, andthe radial position of wood on the trunk based on the tree's ring. Three samplesof trees werefelled for each stem diameter classso that totally nine trees were used in this study. The testing of the physical properties of wood and the measurement of fiber dimensions were conducted using British Standards 373 and the IAWA method, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the tree and the radial position of the wood had a significant effect on all parameters observed (fiber dimension and physical properties of wood), except the fiber diameter. The tree growth rate had a negative correlation with fiber length (-0.67), fiber wall thickness (-0.65), air-dry moisture content (-0.91) and air dry specific gravity (-0.86), and had a positive correlation with fiber diameter (0.61) and greenwater content (0.78). According to the pattern of wood properties in the radial direction, JUN wood harvested at the age of five was categorized as juvenile wood.This wood is acceptable as furniture and lightweight construction material.
An Experimental Research on Microseismic Monitoring Technology in Detecting the Contact Time of Badminton Amateurs’ Lunge
Authors: Yang Yang , Cui Yingchun , Yan Wenfa
Published: January 2021

The fast and flexible characteristics of badminton determine the necessity of its lunge, and fast lunge will have an important impact on the results of the game in actual combat. In lunge evaluation, the contact time to the ground is a key indicator. This article selects two middle-aged male badminton amateurs with similar body shape and age， but different skill levels as the research objects to carry out comparative experiments. The microseismic equipment is used to record the floor vibration which is caused by the running of badminton amateurs in sports. The microseismic signals of lunge are processed and analyzed by MATLAB software. And we evaluate the pro and cons of various time to touch the ground from amateurs with different skill levels. The research found that 1. Microseismic technology can detect the contact time to the ground. 2. High-level badminton amateurs have obvious advantages in the footwork contact time. Microseismic technology has a certain feasibility as a tool for evaluating the footwork contact time of badminton.
Estimate e-Golf Battery State Using Diagnostic Data and a Digital Twin
Authors: Merkle Lukas , Pöthig Michael , Schmid Florian
Published: January 2021

Li-ion battery packs are the heart of modern electric vehicles. Due to their perishable
nature, it is crucial to supervise them closely. In addition to on-board supervision over safety and
range, insights into the battery’s degradation are also becoming increasingly important, not only
for the vehicle manufacturers but also for vehicle users. The concept of digital twins has already
emerged on the field of automotive technology, and can also help to digitalize the vehicle’s battery.
In this work, we set up a data pipeline and digital battery twin to track the battery state, including
state of charge (SOC), state of health (Capacity) (SOHc ) and state of health (Resistance) (SOHr ). To
achieve this goal, we reverse-engineer the diagnostics interface of a 2014 e-Golf to query for Unified
Diagnostic Services (UDS) messages containing both battery pack and cell-individual data. An
on-board diagnosis (OBD) logger records the data with edge-processing capability. Pushing this data
into the cloud twin system using IoT-technology, we can fit battery models to the data and infer
cell individual internal resistance from them. We find that the resistances of the cells differ by a
magnitude of two. Furthermore, we propose an architecture for the battery twin in which the twin
fleet shares resources like models by encapsulating them in Docker containers run on a cloud stack.
By using web technology, we present the analyzed results on a web interface.
Cytokinesis in fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana p60-katanin Mutant: Defects in Cell Plate/Daughter Wall Formation
Authors: Panteris Emmanuel , Kouskouveli Anna , Pappas Dimitris , Adamakis Ioannis-Dimosthenis S.
Published: January 2021

Cytokinesis is accomplished in higher plants by the phragmoplast, creating and conducting the cell plate, to separate daughter nuclei by a new cell wall. The microtubule-severing enzyme p60-katanin plays an important role in the centrifugal expansion and timely disappearance of phragmoplast microtubules. Consequently, aberrant structure and delayed expansion rate of the phragmoplast occur in p60-katanin mutants. Here, the consequences of p60-katanin malfunction in cell plate/daughter wall formation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while deviations in the chemical composition of cell plate/new cell wall were identified by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy, in root cells of the fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana mutant. It was found that, apart from defective phragmoplast microtubule organization, cell plates/new cell walls appeared also faulty in structure, being unevenly thick and perforated by large gaps. In addition, demethylesterified homogalacturonans were prematurely present in fra2 cell plates, while callose content was significantly lower than in the wild-type. Furthermore, KNOLLE syntaxin disappeared from newly formed cell walls in fra2 earlier than in the wild-type. Taken together, these observations indicate that delayed cytokinesis, due to faulty phragmoplast organization and expansion, results in a loss of synchronization between cell plate growth and its chemical maturation.
The mTORC2 Regulator homer1 Modulates Protein Levels and Sub-Cellular Localization of the CaSR in Human Osteoblasts.
Authors: Rybchyn Mark S , Brennan-Speranza Tara C , Mor David , Cheng Zhiqiang , Chang Wenhan , Conigrave Arthur D , Mason Rebecca S
Published: January 2021

We recently found that in human osteoblasts Homer1 complexes to CaSR and mediates AKT initiation via mTORC2 leading to beneficial effects in osteoblasts including -catenin stabilization and mTORC1 activation (doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006587). Herein we further investigated the relationship between Homer1 and CaSR and demonstrate a link between the protein levels of CaSR and Homer1 in human osteoblasts in primary culture. Thus, when siRNA was used to suppress the CaSR, we observed upregulated Homer1 levels and when siRNA was used to suppress Homer1 we observed downregulated CaSR protein levels using immunofluorescence staining of cultured osteoblasts as well as western blot analyses of cell protein extracts. This finding was confirmed in vivo as the bone cells from osteoblast specific CaSR(-/-) mice showed increased Homer1 expression compared to wild-type. Furthermore, when the commonly used osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and SAOS-2 were compared to primary osteoblasts, higher levels of Homer1 protein were associated with increased protein levels of the CaSR as well as mTOR and Rictor. CaSR and Homer1 protein were both expressed in osteocytes embedded in the long bones of wild-type mice, and immunofluorescent studies of these cells revealed that Homer1 protein sub-cellular localization was markedly altered in the osteocytes of CaSR(-/-) mice compared to wt. The study identifies additional roles for Homer1 in the control of the protein level and subcellular localization of CaSR in cells of the osteoblast lineage, in addition to its established role of mTORC2 activation downstream of the receptor.
Linking Responsible Consumption and Production: A Global Assessment of Cropland Use for Agri-Food Production
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Abdullah , Hadjikakou Michalis , Geyik Ozge , Bryan Brett
Published: January 2021

Sustainable Development Goal 12 requires countries to achieve responsible consumption and production patterns without exceeding safe environmental limits for natural resource use. However, little is known about how cropland impacts from the agri-food sector contribute to the exceedance of national environmental limits for consumption and production. Using a multi-regional input-output model, we linked the cropland impacts of agri-food production to countries of consumption while considering the exceedance of production-based and consumption-based environmental limits. We defined national consumption-based environmental limits via the fair-share approach and quantified national production-based environmental limits according to the biophysical limit of available arable land. We then classified countries into quadrants according to their exceedance of consumption and/or production environmental limits. We found that the USA, Australia and other high-income countries were exceeding both consumption-based and production-based environmental limits. High-population but low-income countries such as India and China were within safe consumption-based environmental limits but exceeded production-based environmental limits. Brazil and other countries of the Americas incurred substantial environmental costs due to the conversion of forests into cropland to produce food for export. We identified patterns in international trade relationships that could inform national-level responsible agri-food consumption and production patterns across the global supply chain, thereby contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 12. More stringent regulations and commitments in national and international policies are required to reduce the exceedance of consumption-based and production-based environmental limits and avoid exceeding the global land-system change planetary boundary.
Cross-Validation of the MEDEAS Energy-Economy-Environment Model with the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) and the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP)
Authors: Perissi Ilaria , Martelloni Gianluca , Bardi Ugo , Natalini Davide , Jones Aled , Nikolaev Angel , Eggler Lukas , Baumann Martin , Samsó Roger , Solé Jordi
Published: January 2021

In the present study, we compare energy transition scenarios from a new set of Integrated Assessment Models, the suite of MEDEAS models, based on a systems dynamic modelling approach, with scenarios from two already well know structurally and conceptually different Integrated Assessment Models, the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) and the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP). The investigation was carried out to cross-compare and benchmark the response of MEDEAS models with TIMES and LEAP in depicting the energy transition in two different countries, Austria and Bulgaria. The preliminary results show a good agreement across all the models in representing scenarios projecting historical trends, while a major discrepancy is detectable when the rate of implementation of renewable energy is forced to increase to achieve energy system decarbonization. The discrepancy is mainly traceable to the differences in the models’ conception and structures rather than in a real mismatch in representing the same scenarios. The present study is put forward as a guideline for validating new modelling approaches that link energy policy decision tools to the global biophysical and socioeconomic constraints.
Characteristics of Ultisols derived from basaltic andesite materials and their association with old volcanic landforms in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Setiyo , Gani Rachmat Abdul , Suryani Erna
Published: January 2021

The common problem with Ultisols is their low pH and soil fertility, with liming and fertilization being common solutions to overcome this problem; however, studies on Ultisol soil parent materials are still rare. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of Ultisols derived from andesite and basaltic andesite parent materials. In 2016–2017, five Ultisol pedons (P8, P9, P10, P11, and P15) were sampled from basaltic andesites and other associations. The five pedons consisted of 19 soil samples. The chemical and mineralogical properties of the soils were analyzed. It was found that the color of the basaltic andesite Ultisols varied from hue of 2.5 YR to 10 YR, with value of 3–5 and chroma of 2–8. The Ultisols derived from andesite/diorite (P8) were dominated by rock fragments (52–77%), while those derived from andesitic breccia (P9) were dominated by opaques (62–67%), those from basaltic andesite tuff/lava by weathering minerals (44–52%) and hydragilite (28–34%), those from basaltic andesite (P11) by quartz (48%) and (P15) by opaques (79–89%). The mineral reserves varied from very low (0–4%) in pedons P8, P9, P11, and P15 to very high (> 40%) in pedon P10. The results of this study are expected to be used as a guide for future agricultural development on Ultisols.
THE URBAN ECOLOGY DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS DI KELURAHAN BIDARA CINA JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Koban Damianus Dai
Published: January 2021

The research aims to find out how the application of Urban Ecology in order to increase Environmental Awareness in East Jakarta Bidara Cina. The method used is theoretical descriptive method. The study was conducted from January to May 2018. The results showed that there are four obstacles in the application of Urban Ecology in order to increase Environmental Awareness in East Jakarta Bidara namely, first the need for land for urban residents is very large, so that green space becomes the main obstacle limitation land, both the urbanization of the immigrant population causing the population to increase from year to year so that, the land is more limited, the third the number of young people who are not aware of the environment, so as not to support the movement of environmental awareness, the four busyness of religious leaders causing the lack of worship activities so that socialization on environmental awareness is not done maximally.
PEMANFAATAN RUANG TERBUKA KAMPUS SEBAGAI POTENSI MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Imas Gandasari  , Hotimah Oot , Miarsyah Mieke
Published: January 2021

Ruang terbuka hijau kini bukan hanya sekadar peraturan yang dicanangkan pemerintah akan tetapi sudah menjadi kebutuhan di perkotaan. Kampus-kampus kini sudah banyak menerapkan konsep ruang terbuka hijau untuk menciptakan kenyamanan dalam kegiatan belajar mngajar. Pola pemanfaatan dan pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau di kampus kini makin beragam. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fungsi dan manfaat ruang terbuka hijau di kampus dan arahan yang tepat dalam penerapan konsep ruang terbuka hijau di kampus. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur yaitu dengan membahas beberapa jurnal dan penelitian tentang ruang terbuka hijau di kampus yang ada di Indonesia. Dari pembahasan jurnal dan penelitian yang ada dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa konsep ruang terbuka hijau memiliki banyak manfaat terutama memberikan keindahan dan kenyamanan di kampus selain manfaat jangka panjangnya yaitu sebagai taman obat, penyerap udara kotor, memelihara ketersediaan air dan melestarikan ragam flora dan fauna.
مشكلات تدريس القواعد الصرفية لطلبة قسم اللغة العربيّة بالجامعة الإسلاميّة الحكوميّة فونوروكو
Authors: Mujib Ahmad , Bashori Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran qowaid shorf pada mahasiswa jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo dan permasalahan-permasalahan yang menyebabkan tidak tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran qowaid shorf. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan model miles dan huberman. Adapun hasil penelitian meliputi : 1) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran qowaid pada mahasiswa jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo menggunakan metode induktif dan deduktif, 2) Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran qowaid pada mahasiswa jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo adalah tingkat pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang bahasa Arab yang dimiliki antar mahasiswa sebelum belajar shorf berbeda-beda, asumsi yang muncul pada mayoritas mahasiswa bahwa ilmu shorf adalah ilmu yang sulit untuk dikuasai, urangnya motivasi, minat dan dorongan pada diri mahasiswa dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab, kurangnya praktek terkait kaidah yang dipelajari, hal-hal tersebut sangat berpengaruh pada proses dan hasil pembelajaran qowaid shorf
PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA DAN MENULIS BAHASA ARAB DI MA SUNAN PANDANARAN
Authors: Mubarokah Zakiyatunnisa Al
Published: January 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran keterampilan membaca dan menulis bahasa Arab serta kesesuaianya dengan teori psikologi perkembangan linguistik remaja di kelas XI Program Keagamaan Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Pandanaran.  Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian lapangan dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Perencanaan pembelajaran keterampilan membaca dan menulis bahasa Arab meliputi penyusunan silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada awal tahun pembelajaran, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dalam tiga kegiatan, yakni kegiatan awal (Pendahuluan), kegiatan inti (eksplorasi, elaborasi, dan konfirmasi), dan kegiatan penutup. (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran meliputi teknik pelaksanaan, instrument dan tindak lanjut dari hasil evaluasi. (4) Hasil komparasi menyatakan bahwa perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran keterampilan membaca dan menulis bahasa Arab secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan psikologi perkembangan linguistik remaja
Single-center evaluation of prognostic factors for thymoma treated by surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Kamata Satoshi , Ishida Itaru , Suzuki Yuyo , Oura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2021

Background: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical, pathological, and treatment-related factors associated with survival in patients with surgically treated thymomas.Methods: Sixty patients with thymomas who underwent treatment at our institution between 2004 and 2015 were included. Survival analysis was performed based on curves that were obtained using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Wilcoxon test was used for all comparisons, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Forty-seven, four, three, four, and two patients presented tumor stages I, II, III, IVa, and IVb (according to the Masaoka classification), respectively, while six, 14, 11, 22, and seven patients had type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3 thymomas, respectively. Furthermore, 53 and eight patients underwent complete resection and required additional resection of adjacent organs, respectively, and no patients died from surgery-related complications. The five-year survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 96% and 86%, respectively. The five-year survival rate for all stages was 100% except for those with stage IVb tumors (Masaoka classification); the survival rate for those patients was 0%. Separately, the five-year RFS rates for tumor stages I, II, III, IVa, and IVb were 100%, 91%, 91%, 81%, and 71%, respectively. Finally, the five-year survival rates in cases with complete and incomplete resections were 100% and 71%, respectively, indicating that the latter group had a significantly poorer prognosis (p < 0.001).Conclusions: These findings suggest that complete resection and the Masaoka pathological stage are significant predictors of prognosis in patients with thymomas. Surgery should aim to achieve complete resection; however, advanced cases may require multimodality therapy.
Maniculae
Authors: Arbeitsgruppe 'Handschriftencensus' Die Herausgeber
Published: January 2021

Die Gründung der Open-Access-Zeitschrift Maniculae geht aus der alltäglichen Erfahrung der Arbeit des Akademievorhabens ,Handschriftencensus' hervor. Fortlaufend werden rund um die Welt Entdeckungen und Beobachtungen gemacht, für die es keinen passenden Publikationsort gibt. Maniculae will hier Abhilfe schaffen. Kurze, prägnant formulierte Beiträge informieren rasch und verlässlich über Neuigkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Handschriftenforschung.
Einführung
Authors: Lang Ewald
Published: January 2021

Was macht Kopula-Prädikativ-Konstruktionen unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer grammatischen Schnittstellen so attraktiv? Die kurze Einführung will darauf eine partielle Antwort geben, aber nicht indem sie versucht, unter Beachtung ausgewogener Erwähnungsfrequenz die einzelnen Aufsätze zusammenzufassen (was sich durch die jeweils vorangestellten Abstracts eh erübrigt), sondern indem sie – a field is defined by certain questions ! – die aus Titeln und Abstracts nicht sofort ersichtlichen theoretischen Koordinaten des hier gewählten Ausschnitts der Kopula-Forschungslandschaft skizziert, um darin einige in den Beiträgen vorgeschlagene Antworten zu orten. So kommen die Relativität des Erreichten, aber auch das Potential, das in z.T. kontrovers geführten Argumentationen und konkurrierenden Analysen steckt, gleichermaßen zur Geltung.
Russisch byt' ('sein') als funktionale und/oder lexikalische Kategorie
Authors: Geist Ljudmila
Published: January 2021

The present study offers an analysis of the Russian copular constructions with predicate nominals. In such copular sentences two cases may mark the predicate: the nominative and the instrumental as in 'Anna byla medsestra/medsestroj' - 'Anna was-3sg.fem.a nursenom/instr'. In the present tense the copula has a null-form and the predicate nominal can only be in the nominative. I argue that the case alternation corresponds to the distinction of Stage Level and Individual Level Predicates in the sense of Kratzer (1994) and Diesing (1992), but with some objections. The copula with Instrumental forms S-Predicates, which are analyzed as predicates applying to situations referring to time. The copula with nominative forms I-Predicates, which attribute properties to individuals without referring to time. I-Predicates have no situation argument. Data that show the (in-)compatibility of copular sentences with certain spatial or temporal modifiers provide a reason to assume a situation argument in byt' + Instr but not in byt' + Nom.

Byt' behaves differently in different grammatical contexts: in contexts of sentence negation, yes/no-questions and under focus byt' + Instr behaves like a lexical category, while byt' + Nom behaves like a functional category. As a functional category byt' + Nom is non-overt in the present and is always finite. The semantic distinction between nominative and instrumental predicate NPs is pegged to an opposition between a structure with a functional copula as the only tense and agreement marker with base position in TP and a lexical copula in VP (Franks 1995, Bailyn&Rubin 1991). To explain phenomena of the copula in Russian I propose an integrated syntactic model for two copulas. The two copulas may be conceived as distinct realizations of one verbal lexical entry which will be specified as a lexical or as functional category in the course of lexical insertion. The Model of Parallel Morphology might be used to explain this phenomenon.
Zur historischen Phonetik und Phonologie des Umlauts im Deutschen
Authors: Iverson Gregory K. , Salmons Joseph C.
Published: January 2021

Seit mehr als 60 Jahren dominiert in der historisch-phonologischen Umlaut-Landschaft EIN Aufsatz, eine vierseitige Skizze des althochdeutschen Umlauts von W. Freeman Twaddell. Keller (1978: 160) nennt diese Theorie 'one of the finest achievements of American linguists'. Ähnliche Lobsprüche findet man mehrmals in der Literatur und der Artikel bleibt bis heute noch DER Eckpfeiler der Umlaut-Debatte (s. Krygier 1997, Schulte 1998).

In den letzten paar Jahren haben wir mit einigen Kollegen – Anthony Buccini, Garry Davis, David Fertig, Dave Holsinger, Robert Howell, Regina Smith – einen neuen Ansatz entwickelt, die wir "ingenerate Umlaut" nennen. "Ingenerate" heißt hier ungefähr 'vorprogrammiert, inhärent, angeboren' und deutet darauf hin, daß wir die Wurzeln vom Umlaut in der Phonetik – noch genauer: in der Koartikulation – suchen. Auch meinen wir, die allmähliche Entfaltung des Prozesses in den "Ausnahmen" zum Umlaut sehen zu können, mit anderen Worten genau in den umlautlosen Formen, die in der Twaddellschen Tradition als willkürliche Ergebnisse der Analogie gesehen werden müssen.
"...ibu dû mî ệnan sagês, ik mî dê ôdre uuêt": zur Syntax des Hildebrandliedes
Authors: Suchsland Peter
Published: January 2021

Wenn man die syntaktischen Eigenschaften des Hildebrandliedes betrachtet, so zeigen sich einerseits Eigenschaften, die auch für die Syntax des Nhd. charakteristisch sind: von Komplementierern eingeleitete Nebensätze, Deklarativsätze im Verb-Zweit-Format, Argumentstrukturen von Verben und Adjektiven, Attributions- bzw. Modifikationsverfahren. Andererseits werden Eigenschaften sichtbar, die im Nhd. verlorengegangen oder ausgedünnt worden sind: Deklarativsätze im Verb-End-Format, Pro-drop-Phänomene (in finiten Sätzen), nicht präpositional regierte Adverbiale (in Gestalt von NP mit reinen Kasus), artikellose Nominalphrasen (insbesondere solche mit definiter Interpretation). Die Betrachtung lehrt, dass auch über einen zeitlichen Abstand von mindestens zwölfhundert Jahren und trotz verschiedener Wandlungen, die zu syntaktischer Diskontinuität führen, syntaktische Kontinuität erkennbar bleibt, und zwar in einem Maße, das man angesichts der ungeheuer verfremdenden phonologischen, morphologischen und lexikalischen Veränderungen, die einem heutigen, sprachhistorisch nicht geschulten Muttersprachler das Hildebrandlied als einen Text von einem anderen Stern erscheinen lassen, nicht erwarten mag, in einem Maße, das allerdings denjenigen Linguisten nicht so sehr überraschen wird, dessen Blick durch universalgrammatische Einsichten der letzten Jahrzehnte geschärft worden ist für Invarianzen und Kontinuitäten.
Adverbials with floating and fixed semantic scope
Authors: Filipenko Marina V.
Published: January 2021

The present study offers the analysis of the role of adverbials in the semantic structure of a sentence. To clarify this role new notions "Adverbials with floating and fixed semantic scope" are proposed. This classification also can clarify the role of adverbials from the point of view of the division into arguments vs. adjuncts.