bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel strategy for comprehensive optimization of structural and operational parameters in a supersonic separator using computational fluid dynamics modeling
Authors: Shoghl Sina Nabati , Naderifar Abbas , Farhadi Fatola , Pazuki Gholamreza
Published: November 2021

In this study, the effects of several structural and operational parameters affecting the separation efficiency of supersonic separators were investigated by numerical methods. Different turbulence models were used and their accuracies were evaluated. Based on the error analysis, the V2-f turbulence model was more accurate for describing the high swirling turbulent flow than other investigated turbulence models. Therefore, the V2-f turbulence model and particle tracing model were selected to optimize the structure of the convergence part, the diffuser, the drainage port, and the swirler. The cooling performance of three line-type in the convergent section were calculated. The simulation results demonstrated that the convergent section designed by the Witoszynski curve had higher cooling depth compared to the Bi-cubic and Quintic curves. Furthermore, the expansion angle of 2° resulted in the highest stability of fluid flow and therefore was selected in the design of the diffuser. The effect of incorporating the swirler and its structure on the separation performance of supersonic separator was also studied. Three different swirler types, including axial, wall-mounted, and helical, were investigated. It was observed that installing the swirler significantly improved the separation efficiency of the supersonic separator. In addition, the simulation results demonstrated that the separation efficiency was higher for the axial swirler compared to the wall-mounted and helical swirlers. Therefore, for the improved nozzle, the swirling flow was generated by the axial swirler. The optimized axial swirler was constructed from 12 arced vanes each of which had a swirl angle of 40°. For the optimized structure, the effects of operating parameters such as inlet temperature, pressure recovery ratio, density, and droplet size was also investigated. It was concluded that increasing the droplet size and density significantly improved the separation efficiency of the supersonic separator. For hydrocarbon droplets, the separation efficiency improved from 4.6 to 76.7% upon increasing the droplet size from 0.1 to 2 µm.
An injured pachypleurosaur (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota indicating predation pressure in the Mesozoic
Authors: Liu Qiling , Yang Tinglu , Cheng Long , Benton Michael J. , Moon Benjamin C. , Yan Chunbo , An Zhihui , Tian Li
Published: November 2021

The Middle Triassic Luoping Biota in south-west China represents the inception of modern marine ecosystems, with abundant and diverse arthropods, fishes and marine reptiles, indicating recovery from the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. Here we report a new specimen of the predatory marine reptileDiandongosaurus, based on a nearly complete skeleton. The specimen is larger than most other known pachypleurosaurs, and the body shape, caniniform teeth, clavicle with anterior process, and flat distal end of the anterior caudal ribs show its affinities withDiandongosaurus acutidentatus, while the new specimen is approximately three times larger than the holotype. The morphological characters indicate that the new specimen is an adult ofD. acutidentatus, allowing for ontogenetic variation. The fang-like teeth and large body size confirm it was a predator, but the amputated hind limb on the right side indicate itself had been predated by an unknown hunter. Predation on such a large predator reveals that predation pressure in the early Mesozoic was intensive, a possible early hint of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.
Separation of some vitamins in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and pressurized planar electrochromatography with eluent containing surfactant
Authors: Polak Beata , Pajurek Emilia
Published: November 2021

The separation of some water- and fat-soluble vitamins via micellar systems of reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) was subjected to research. Hence, the influence of the mobile phase composition (surfactant and acetonitrile concentration, eluent buffer pH) on the migration distances and zone separation of some vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, folic acid, ergocalciferol and α-tocopherol) was investigated. Our results indicated that the applied technique has an impact on the solute order. Comparing the system capacity of HPLC and PPEC (measured as height of the theoretical plate) for the mobile phase systems with and without surfactant shows differences, especially for fat-soluble vitamin. The variances and reproducibilities (% RDS) values of the vitamin are less in PPEC than in TLC. Moreover, the migration distances of water-soluble vitamins are longer than fat-soluble ones. Overall, eluent consisting of 50% acetonitrile, 18.75 mM SDS, the buffer of pH 6.99 via the PPEC technique was most appropriate for determining the investigated vitamins in the artificial mixture and the two commercially available vitamin combinations.
Enzymatic ligation of an antibody and arginine 9 peptide for efficient and cell-specific siRNA delivery
Authors: Ando Yu , Nakazawa Hikaru , Miura Daisuke , Otake Maho , Umetsu Mitsuo
Published: November 2021

A fusion protein comprising an antibody and a cationic peptide, such as arginine-9 (R9), is a candidate molecule for efficient and cell-specific delivery of siRNA into cells in order to reduce the side effects of nucleic acid drugs. However, their expression in bacterial hosts, required for their development, often fails, impeding research progress. In this study, we separately prepared anti-EGFR nanobodies with the K-tag sequence MRHKGS at the C-terminus and R9 with the Q-tag sequence LLQG at the N-terminus, and enzymatically ligated them in vitro by microbial transglutaminase to generate Nanobody-R9, which is not expressed as a fused protein in E. coli. Nanobody-R9 was synthesized at a maximum binding efficiency of 85.1%, without changing the binding affinity of the nanobody for the antigen. Nanobody-R9 successfully delivered siRNA into the cells, and the cellular influx of siRNA increased with increase in the ratio of Nanobody-R9 to siRNA. We further demonstrated that the Nanobody-R9–siRNA complex, at a 30:1 ratio, induced an approximately 58.6% reduction in the amount of target protein due to RNAi in mRNA compared to lipofectamine.
Characterization of subcellular localization of eukaryotic clamp loader/unloader and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Park Su Hyung , Kim Seong-jung , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Kyoo-young
Published: November 2021

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a critical role as a processivity clamp for eukaryotic DNA polymerases and a binding platform for many DNA replication and repair proteins. The enzymatic activities of PCNA loading and unloading have been studied extensively in vitro. However, the subcellular locations of PCNA loaders, replication complex C (RFC) and CTF18-RFC-like-complex (RLC), and PCNA unloader ATAD5-RLC remain elusive, and the role of their subunits RFC2-5 is unknown. Here we used protein fractionation to determine the subcellular localization of RFC and RLCs and affinity purification to find molecular requirements for the newly defined location. All RFC/RLC proteins were detected in the nuclease-resistant pellet fraction. RFC1 and ATAD5 were not detected in the non-ionic detergent-soluble and nuclease-susceptible chromatin fractions, independent of cell cycle or exogenous DNA damage. We found that small RFC proteins contribute to maintaining protein levels of the RFC/RLCs. RFC1, ATAD5, and RFC4 co-immunoprecipitated with lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2) α which regulates intranuclear lamin A/C. LAP2α knockout consistently reduced detection of RFC/RLCs in the pellet fraction, while marginally affecting total protein levels. Our findings strongly suggest that PCNA-mediated DNA transaction occurs through regulatory machinery associated with nuclear structures, such as the nuclear matrix.
Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes
Authors: Huhnstock Rico , Reginka Meike , Tomita Andreea , Merkel Maximilian , Dingel Kristina , Holzinger Dennis , Sick Bernhard , Vogel Michael , Ehresmann Arno
Published: November 2021

Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability.
Numerical analysis of the precursory information of slope instability process with constant resistance bolt
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Xue-bin , Du Yan-hong , Tang Chun-an
Published: November 2021

The instability of slope has already threatened life and property safety of the people, and improving the monitoring method of slope stability has important theoretical and practical significance for disaster prevention and reduction. According to the idea of “Newton force sudden drop and catastrophic occurrence” proposed by M.C. He in the landslide monitoring, a numerical model with constant resistance bolt has been established. Through numerical simulation research, it is found that the maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress and shear stress of the intersection point P of landslide surface and constant resistance bolt are sudden growth and sudden decrease, the vertical displacement and lateral displacement of this point P appear rise and fall before three kinds of stress. When loading to the next step of the step where three stress have reduced to a minimum value the slope is unstable and destroyed. At this time, the constant resistance bolt has undergone larger plastic deformation and damaged. Finally, comparing the stress curves and the acoustic emission (AE) curves, it can be seen that stress decreases from the maximum value and the AE curves begin to show a significant rise, the two curves display opposite law. It can be seen from the AE diagram that the failure mode of the slope is a combined tension and shear failure. The numerical test results provide a new idea for real-time monitoring and forecasting of slope.
Quantification of the effects of climatic conditions on French hospital admissions and deaths induced by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Coulibaly Dramane , Roumagnac Alix , de Carvalho Filho Eurico , Bertrand Raphaël
Published: November 2021

An estimation of the impact of climatic conditions—measured with an index that combines temperature and humidity, the IPTCC—on the hospitalizations and deaths attributed to SARS-CoV-2 is proposed. The present paper uses weekly data from 54 French administrative regions between March 23, 2020 and January 10, 2021. Firstly, a Granger causal analysis is developed and reveals that past values of the IPTCC contain information that allow for a better prediction of hospitalizations or deaths than that obtained without the IPTCC. Finally, a vector autoregressive model is estimated to evaluate the dynamic response of hospitalizations and deaths after an increase in the IPTCC. It is estimated that a 10-point increase in the IPTCC causes hospitalizations to rise by 2.9% (90% CI 0.7–5.0) one week after the increase, and by 4.1% (90% CI 2.1–6.4) and 4.4% (90% CI 2.5–6.3) in the two following weeks. Over ten weeks, the cumulative effect is estimated to reach 20.1%. Two weeks after the increase in the IPTCC, deaths are estimated to rise by 3.7% (90% CI 1.6–5.8). The cumulative effect from the second to the tenth weeks reaches 15.8%. The results are robust to the inclusion of air pollution indicators.
Developing diagnostic assessment of breast lumpectomy tissues using radiomic and optical signatures
Authors: Streeter Samuel S. , Hunt Brady , Zuurbier Rebecca A. , Wells Wendy A. , Paulsen Keith D. , Pogue Brian W.
Published: November 2021

High positive margin rates in oncologic breast-conserving surgery are a pressing clinical problem. Volumetric X-ray scanning is emerging as a powerful ex vivo specimen imaging technique for analyzing resection margins, but X-rays lack contrast between non-malignant and malignant fibrous tissues. In this study, combined micro-CT and wide-field optical image radiomics were developed to classify malignancy of breast cancer tissues, demonstrating that X-ray/optical radiomics improve malignancy classification. Ninety-two standardized features were extracted from co-registered micro-CT and optical spatial frequency domain imaging samples extracted from 54 breast tumors exhibiting seven tissue subtypes confirmed by microscopic histological analysis. Multimodal feature sets improved classification performance versus micro-CT alone when adipose samples were included (AUC = 0.88 vs. 0.90; p-value = 3.65e−11) and excluded, focusing the classification task on exclusively non-malignant fibrous versus malignant tissues (AUC = 0.78 vs. 0.85; p-value = 9.33e−14). Extending the radiomics approach to high-dimensional optical data—termed “optomics” in this study—offers a promising optical image analysis technique for cancer detection. Radiomic feature data and classification source code are publicly available.
Comparison between planar and single-photon computed tomography images for radiation intensity quantification in iodine-131 scintigraphy
Authors: Iizuka Yusuke , Katagiri Tomohiro , Inoue Minoru , Nakamura Kiyonao , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying iodine-131 (131I) accumulation in scintigraphy images and compare planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images to estimate 131I radioactivity in patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. We evaluated 72 sets of planar and SPECT images acquired between February 2017 and December 2018. Simultaneously, we placed a reference 131I capsule next to the patient during image acquisition. We evaluated the correlation between the intensity of the capsule in the images and the capsule dose and estimated the radiation dose at the thyroid bed. The mean capsule dose was 2.14 MBq (range, 0.63–4.31 MBq). The correlation coefficients (p-value) between capsule dose and maximum and mean intensities in both planar and SPECT images were 0.93 (p < 0.01), 0.96 (p < 0.01), 0.60 (p < 0.01), and 0.47 (p < 0.01), respectively. The mean intensities of planar images show the highest correlation coefficients. Based on a regression equation, the average radiation dose in the thyroid bed was 5.9 MBq. In conclusion, planar images reflected the radiation dose more accurately than SPECT images. The regression equation allows to determine the dose in other regions, such as the thyroid bed or sites of distant metastasis.
Theoretical study of cellulose II nanocrystals with different exposed facets
Authors: Leng Can , Li Kenli , Tian Zean , Si Yubing , Huang Huang , Li Junfeng , Liu Jie , Huang Wei-Qing , Li Keqin
Published: November 2021

Derived from the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose nanocrystal materials have attracted attention in recent decades due to their chemical and mechanical properties. However, still unclear is the influence of different exposed facets of the cellulose nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties. Herein, we first designed cellulose II nanocrystals with different exposed facets, the hydroxymethyl conformations distribution, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis, as well as the relative structural stability of these models (including crystal facets {A, B, O} and Type-A models vary in size) are theoretically investigated. The results reveal that the HB network of terminal anhydroglucose depends on the adjacent chain’s contact sites in nanocrystals exposed with different facets. Compared to nanocrystals exposed with inclined facet, these exposed with flat facet tend to be the most stable. Therefore, the strategy of tuning exposed crystal facets will guide the design of novel cellulose nanocrystals with various physicochemical properties.
Wearable sensor derived decompensation index for continuous remote monitoring of COVID-19 diagnosed patients
Authors: Richards Dylan M. , Tweardy MacKenzie J. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Chestek David W. , Hoek Terry L. Vanden , Larimer Karen A. , Wegerich Stephan W.
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of innovative healthcare methods, including remote patient monitoring. In the setting of limited healthcare resources, outpatient management of individuals newly diagnosed with COVID-19 was commonly implemented, some taking advantage of various personal health technologies, but only rarely using a multi-parameter chest-patch for continuous monitoring. Here we describe the development and validation of a COVID-19 decompensation index (CDI) model based on chest patch-derived continuous sensor data to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations in outpatient-managed COVID-19 positive individuals, achieving an overall AUC of the ROC Curve of 0.84 on 308 event negative participants, and 22 event positive participants, out of an overall study cohort of 400 participants. We retrospectively compare the performance of CDI to standard of care modalities, finding that the machine learning model outperforms the standard of care modalities in terms of both numbers of events identified and with a lower false alarm rate. While only a pilot phase study, the CDI represents a promising application of machine learning within a continuous remote patient monitoring system.
A rhabdomyosarcoma hydrogel model to unveil cell-extracellular matrix interactions
Authors: Saggioro Mattia , D'Agostino Stefania , Gallo Anna , Crotti Sara , D'Aronco Sara , Corallo Diana , Veltri Giulia , Martinez Gabriele , Grigoletto Antonella , Tolomeo Anna Maria , Tafuro Giovanni , Agostini Marco , Aveic Sanja , Serafin Valentina , Semenzato Alessandra , Pasut Gianfranco , Pozzobon Michela
Published: November 2021

Creation of a tunable 3D model of rhabdomyosarcoma using a hyaluronic acid based hydrogel (scaffold) and ECM proteins (fibronectin and collagen).
Valorisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran over zeolite catalysts studied by on-line FTIR-MS gas phase analysis
Authors: Sauer Christopher , Lorén Anders , Schaefer Andreas , Carlsson Per-Anders
Published: November 2021

The valorisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran over zeolites under catalytic fast pyrolysis conditions was analysed by on-line FTIR-MS. BTX and olefins correlate and decrease with time on stream, whereas the isomerisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran increases.
Improving the rate of the copper-catalyzed Henry reaction by surface plasmon excitation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Gimeno Léa , Picardi Gennaro , Planchat Aurélien , Knight D. Andrew , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc , Humbert Bernard , Queffélec Clémence
Published: November 2021

Green plasmon excitation of colloidal Au nanoparticles, onto which a copper(ii) complex was grafted, in the presence of nitrobenzaldehyde and nitromethane in DMF, lead to the formation of the corresponding nitroaldol with high efficiency.
Two mesoporous anionic metal–organic frameworks for selective and efficient adsorption of a cationic organic dye
Authors: Gao Yu , Li Yuzhu , Liang Chen , Cen Peipei , Xi Jing , Guo Yan , Song Weiming , Liu Xiangyu
Published: November 2021

Two mesoporous anionic metal–organic frameworks with interesting 2-fold interpenetrating 3D frameworks exhibit good dye adsorption selectivity with cationic MB rather than MO and SDI.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of linear gold(i) complexes based on a CCC carbene
Authors: Romanov Alexander S. , Linnolahti Mikko , Bochmann Manfred
Published: November 2021

New gold carbazolate complexes based on a CCC-type carbene ligand give red photoemitters with sub-microsecond excited state lifetimes.
Characteristics and mechanism of electrochemical peroxymonosulfate activation by a Co–N@CF anode for pollutant removal
Authors: Lin Ping , Zhu Weihuang , Gao Ying , Li Junli , Liu Jiawu , Zhang Jianfeng , Huang Tinglin
Published: November 2021

Herein, carbon felt (CF) modified with N and Co (Co–N@CF) was prepared as an anode to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline (TC) removal.
Simple non-fused small-molecule acceptors with bithiazole core: synthesis, crystallinity and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Guo Jiali , Tang Wei , Zhang Yingshuang , Qian Can , Wang Junfeng , Tan Hua , Zhu Weiguo
Published: November 2021

Three simple-structure non-fused-ring SMAs with an Aw(π–A)2 architecture using bithiazole as the central unit was synthesized.
Fluoride-free synthesis of high-silica, medium-pore zeolites PST-22 and PST-30
Authors: Jo Donghui , Hong Suk Bong
Published: November 2021

High-silica, medium-pore zeolites PST-22 and PST-30, which were recently discovered via the excess fluoride approach, have been synthesized using two pyrazolium-based dications as organic structure-directing agents, respectively, in hydroxide media.
Highly red-emissive salen–indium complexes: impact of 4-amino-substitution on the photophysical properties
Authors: Kwak Sang Woo , Mubarok Hanif , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Kang Mun , Lee Min Hyung , Park Myung Hwan
Published: November 2021

4-NR2-appended salen–indium complexes were prepared via a one-pot synthetic pathway. The complexes exhibited narrow-bandwidth red emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields that are the highest among the reported salen-based luminophores.
Moisture affinity of HDPE/phase-change material composites for thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Nawaz Kashif , Freeman Thomas B. , Rodriguez Rafael M. , Boetcher Sandra K. S.
Published: November 2021

A composite HDPE/PCM filament for 3D printing thermal energy storage systems is naturally hydrophobic.
PEGylated ethyl cellulose micelles as a nanocarrier for drug delivery
Authors: Singam Amarnath , Killi Naresh , Patel Pratikshkumar R. , Gundloori Rathna V. N.
Published: November 2021

Ethyl cellulose was developed as an amphiphilic polymer by PEGylation and fabricated as nanomicelles for delivery of active molecules. This polymeric system can be used as next generation nano drug delivery system (nanoDDS) for cancer therapy.
Hydrogels derived from galactoglucomannan hemicellulose with inorganic contaminant removal properties
Authors: Encina Leonidas , Elgueta Elizabeth , Rivas Bernabé L. , Pereira Miguel , Sanhueza Felipe
Published: November 2021

The adsorption of Cu(ii), Cd(ii), and Pb(ii) ions onto hydrogels derived from modified galactoglucomannan (GGM) hemicellulose was studied.
Integration of exonuclease III-powered three-dimensional DNA walker with single-molecule detection for multiple initiator caspases assay
Authors: Liu Meng , Xu Rui , Liu Wenjing , Qiu Jian-Ge , Wang Yan , Ma Fei , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate the simultaneous detection of multiple initiator caspases by integrating exonuclease III-powered three-dimensional DNA walker with single-molecule detection.
Lamellar crystal-dominated surfaces of polymer films achieved via melt stretching-induced free surface crystallization
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Yan Feifei , Bai Xue , Li Hanchuan , Yuan Ming , Liu Yanping , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Liu Chuntai , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2021

Melt stretching-induced free surface crystallization leads to the formation of lamellar crystal-dominated surfaces of polyethylene (PE) films.
The biomimetic engineering of metal–organic frameworks with single-chiral-site precision for asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Jun , Duan Yulong , Liu Yangyang , Li Huangxu , Zhang Yin , Long Chang , Wang Zuming , Yang Yongchao , Zhao Shenlong
Published: November 2021

Asymmetric hydrogenation based on heterogeneous metal nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted extensive attention for the production of chiral chemicals due to its high conversion efficiency, simple product separation, and convenient catalyst regeneration.
Naphthalene diimide-based electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jameel Mohammed A. , Yang Terry Chien-Jen , Wilson Gregory J. , Evans Richard A. , Gupta Akhil , Langford Steven J.
Published: November 2021

Overview and strategies for assessing chemical function, properties and application of naphthalene diimide (NDI) as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
An electrodeposited nano-porous and neural network-like Ln@HOF film for SO2 gas quantitative detection via fluorescent sensing and machine learning
Authors: Xu Xin , Ma Wanpeng , Yan Bing
Published: November 2021

A nano-porous and neural network-like Tb@HOF film was prepared to be utilized as a luminescent sensor for detecting SO2 gas and a BPNN model for SO2 concentration analysis has been constructed by deep machine learning.
Carbon nanofiber-reinforced strain sensors with high breathability and anisotropic sensitivity
Authors: Peng Shuhua , Wu Shuying , Yu Yuyan , Sha Zhao , Li Guang , Hoang Trung Thien , Thai Mai Thanh , Do Thanh Nho , Chu Dewei , Wang Chun H.
Published: November 2021

In this work, we present a new method of creating fibre-metal composites to effectively modulate the in-plane fracture behaviour of brittle conductive thin metal films on stretchable PDMS substrates via insertion of a toughening interlayer of CNFs.
A confined flexibility release enabled non-equilibrium stage in mixed-matrix membranes: unprecedented selectivity for olefin/paraffin deep separation
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Xue Wenjuan , Sun Yuxiu , Zhang Zhengqing , Huang Hongliang , Qiao Zhihua , Zhong Chongli
Published: November 2021

Non-equilibrium stage with sharp molecular sieving toward propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane enabled by the confined release of framework flexibility is caught in mixed-matrix membranes for the first time.
Combatting Helicobacter pylori with oral nanomedicines
Authors: Qin Yuan , Lao Yeh-Hsing , Wang Haixia , Zhang Jiabin , Yi Ke , Chen Zhuanggui , Han Jing , Song Wantong , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang
Published: November 2021

We review state-of-the-art oral nanomedicines for Helicobacter pylori eradication, from the mechanism and design to the resultant controllability and antimicrobial properties, and provide a deep insight into their challenges and future directions.
Synthesis and characterization of solution processable, high electron affinity molecular dopants
Authors: Saska Jan , Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Gonel Goktug , Bedolla-Valdez Zaira I. , Talbot Rachel M. , Moulé Adam J. , Mascal Mark
Published: November 2021

New organic-soluble dopants have record high electron affinity values and show outstanding doping performance with high ionization energy co-polymers.
Wearable Metasurface Antenna based on Electrically‐small Ring Resonators for WBAN Applications
Authors: Braham Chaouche Youcef , Nedil Mourad , Olaimat Melad , El Badawe Mohamed , Ramahi Omar M.
Published: November 2021

This letter proposes a novel wearable metasurface antenna (MSA) based on electric ring resonators (ERR) for 5.8 GHz wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. All substrates of the proposed design are made from the semi‐flexible Rogers RT5880 material. To achieve size miniaturization, 6 × 8 ERR elements are placed on a flat surface connected through a corporate‐feed network. The total dimensions of the proposed MSA are 120 × 90 × 1.574 mm3 (2.2λ0 × 1.69λ0 × 0.029λ0). Furthermore, an average efficiency of 79.9%, and a peak gain of 12.82 dBi with a stable radiation pattern have been realized in the operating band. The performance of the proposed MSA is analyzed in close proximity to the human body tissue. The experimental results show good agreement with the numerical data. With all these features, the proposed design is a good candidate for wearable WBAN applications.
Room‐temperature laser operation of a (Ga,In)As/Ga(As,Bi)/(Ga,In)As W‐type laser diode
Authors: Hepp Thilo , Lehr Jannik , Günkel Robin , Maßmeyer Oliver , Glowatzki Johannes , Ruiz Perez Antje , Reinhard Stefan , Stolz Wolfgang , Volz Kerstin
Published: November 2021

The ongoing pursuit for laser device emitting in the near‐infrared spectral region on GaAs substrates has led to various material systems and device concepts. Alloys containing dilute amounts of Bismuth are promising candidates due to the already substantial band gap shift when incorporating low molar fractions of Bi in the GaAs host lattice. However, devices emitting at technologically essential wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm have yet to be demonstrated using this material system. Especially the non‐equilibrium nature of the growth conditions required to grow the metastable material makes epitaxial growth with high molar fractions of Bi challenging. An alternate approach to reach the desired wavelengths exploits a type‐II band alignment between two materials to push the emission wavelength further into the telecom bands. Here, room‐temperature laser operation of the first type‐II structure employing Ga(As,Bi) as hole confining layer and (Ga,In)As as electron confining layer is demonstrated. Sample growth is conducted by low‐pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Broad area laser devices are processed and characterized by electroluminescence measurements. A threshold current density of 3.86 kA/cm2 and emission wavelength of 1037 nm are observed, showing this device concept's potential for future lasers in the telecom bands.
Experimental Study on Configuration and Spacing of Screw Pile Group Effect Subjected to Lateral Cyclic Loading
Authors: Ibrahim Azhar S. , Abbas Hassan O. , Ali Omar K.
Published: November 2021

Despite the great development in the manufacture of the helical pile and the development of their use, especially in transmission towers and wind turbines, there is little research on their lateral behavior. In this laboratory study investigate the behavior of screw piles group (2×1) and (1×2) with the spacing to the diameter of helix ratio (S/Dh =1.5, 3, and 4.5) having a diameter (10 mm) and embedded length to diameter ratio (L/D = 40) by using single and double helix embedded in soft clay and extend to stiff clay under a cyclic lateral load of frequency (0.2 Hz). The results showed that increasing the distance between the piles had a great effect on increasing the lateral resistance. the increase of pile spacing in the groups from (1.5 Dh) to (3 and 4.5 Dh) increases the lateral resistance about 34-38% and 50% respectively. Also, from result showed that the group (2×1) gave a lateral resistance more than the group (1×2) about 11% for single helix and about 6% for a double helix, and for the same spacing and configuration the screw pile with double helix gives an increase in lateral resistance about 5-10 % from the single helix.
Risk management in Iraqi Oil Field Kurdistan Regional Government Case study (Upstream)
Authors: Alhiti Kanaan M. Abdlkareem , Mohammed Amjed Abdulqadir
Published: November 2021

The investment decision-maker in oil exploration projects faces overlap in the main criteria, sub-criteria, and attributes of the reasons that control the investment decision, which requires a mechanism that identifies and measures risks in terms of quantity and quality for all alternatives under study. Having a mechanism that deals with such cases will help the decision-maker choose the best alternative by measuring risks and giving the best solution. The main objective of this study is to transfer the uncertainty resulting from the difference in the criteria and features of the problem under investigation into a mechanism that integrates both the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to choose the optimal solution. The researchers used each (TOPSIS) and APH combined with choosing alternatives by defining criteria, sub-criteria, and oil exploration attributes. Risk management in oil exploration in the Kurdistan region was the subject of this research, which concluded that Erbil blocks' investment is better than the rest of the region. This methodology will act as a guide to help the decision-maker find the best alternative by using both techniques in finding the best investment decision.
Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Emulsion Grout for Semi-Flexible Mixture
Authors: Jawad Fatima A. , Al-Busaltan Shakir F. , Kadhim Mustafa A.
Published: November 2021

Grout is a cement-based material with high strength and workability that allowing it to be injected into small cracks or leaky areas. It is usually used to patch concrete cracks or holes, but it may also be used to fill voids under metal bases or digging anchors. Furthermore, grout is used efficiently in the production process of semi-flexible pavement mixtures. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effect of grout ingredients on their mechanical properties. The grout ingredients were Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), silica fume (SF), emulsion (Em), super-plasticizer (SP), and water. Different proportions of mentioned materials were used to characterizing the developed grout through flowability, compressive strength, and flexural strength tests. Results showed that the flow time decrease with an increase in the W/B. Also, the compression strength of the grouts comprised OPC+EM reveals an optimal dosage: i.e., 20% EM. Moreover, SF generally leads to increase compressive and flexural strength. As the main conclusion, the mechanical properties of cementitious-emulsion grout are highly affected, but grout ingredient types, dosage, and properties.
A Review-Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Connections under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Sabah Hadeel A. H. , Harba Ibrahim S. I.
Published: November 2021

In many seismically active regions worldwide, massive reinforced concrete (RC) structures built before the 1970s existed. These older RC buildings, in countries having seismic history, were designed for gravity loads only. Anyway, the beam-column connections influence the structures where the functions of connection shortage by transport the forces like shear, moment, and torsion through the beam to the column. Also, it could behave in a ductile manner to help the structure resist the seismic, as simulate the seismic loading by high and low cyclic loading. Due to the failure of external joints more than the internal beam-column joints, this review focuses on the behavior of exterior beam-column joints under cyclic loading, consequently simulated the behavior under an earthquake and the reinforcement detailed.
Effect of Using Different Aspect Ratio of Longitudinal Steel Plates in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Qaddoory Khalid I. , Mansor Ahmed A. , Mohammed Ahlam S. , Noman Bilal J.
Published: November 2021

In the past few years, new techniques have emerged using steel plates instead of traditional reinforcement in the reinforced concrete beams. This study deals with using a new method for reinforced concrete beams using steel plates instead of traditional steel bars with different thicknesses of (4, 5, and 6 mm) placed vertically inside the lower part of the beam. Four reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested under a two-point load. All beams had the same cross-sectional area of reinforcement and dimensions of 2100 mm in length, 350 mm in height, and 250 in width. The results showed that as the thickness of the steel plate increases, the samples would have greater resistance until more deflection is produced. In addition, there is a reduction in the crack load, ultimate load, and yield load when replacing reinforcing bars with steel plates. In which, a reduction in crack load by about 11.1, 15.5, and 22.2% plate thicknesses of 4,5,6 mm respectively, compared to reference beam that had a deformed steel bar (Dia. 16 mm). In addition, a reduction in yielding load was observed about 42, 53, and 60% for steel plate thickness of 4, 5, and 6 mm respectively, compared to the reference model. Finally, the cracks for all the steel plate specimens compared to reference specimens were wider and smaller.
Evaluation of Stereo Images Matching
Authors: Hadi Ali Hasan , Khalaf Abbas Zedan
Published: November 2021

Image matching and finding correspondence between a stereo image pair is an essential task in digital photogrammetry and computer vision. Stereo images represent the same scene from two different perspectives, and therefore they typically contain a high degree of redundancy. This paper includes an evaluation of implementing manual as well as auto-match between a pair of images that acquired with an overlapped area. Particular target points are selected to be matched manually (22 target points). Auto-matching, based on feature-based matching (FBM) method, has been applied to these target points by using BRISK, FAST, Harris, and MinEigen algorithms. Auto matching is conducted with two main phases: extraction (detection and description) and matching features. The matching techniques used by the prevalent algorithms depend on local point (corner) features. Also, the performance of the algorithms is assessed according to the results obtained from various criteria, such as the number of auto-matched points and the target points that auto-matched. This study aims to determine and evaluate the total root mean square error (RMSE) by comparing coordinates of manual matched target points with those obtained from auto-matching by each of the algorithms. According to the experimental results, the BRISK algorithm gives the higher number of auto-matched points, which equals 2942, while the Harris algorithm gives 378 points representing the lowest number of auto-matched points. All target points are auto-matched with BRISK and FAST algorithms, while 3 and 9 target points only auto-matched with Harris and MinEigen algorithms, respectively. Total RMSE in its minimum value is given by FAST and manual match in the first image, it is 0.002651206 mm, and Harris and manual match provide the minimum value of total RMSE in the second image is 0.002399477 mm.
Decision of The Hydraulic State of Rivers within Growth Cities using GIS: Al-Hneidiyah River as Example
Authors: Al-Fawzy Ali M. , Hasan Israʹa A. , Hasan Hayfaa K.
Published: November 2021

Generally, the rivers in both the natural and lined form use the open-section system to carry water, either for distribution or conveyance purposes. With time and depreciation effect, this system needs to be changed or modified to become more indirectly suitable with cities' growth, especially with the transformation of land use from agricultural to residential. The present paper aims to reach a proper decision to select the best hydraulic section for a part of Al-Hneidiyah river in Karbala city by determining the remain agricultural lands within the study area, for the distance between stations (0+000) and (4+000), to choose between keeping up the currently open section or change, (modify), it to a closed conduit. For this study, the cadastral maps were used as a reference to determine the agricultural areas served by the river during its route within the study area, and geographic information system to monitor the change like these areas represented by a gradual transformation from agricultural to residential purpose, by using of satellite images for four different years, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2016. The results of this study showed a significant recession in the agricultural areas on both sides of the chosen length of river route by a percentage of 13.45%, which leads to an urgent need to change or modify the flow system from opened to closed and use it only for conveyance purposes to protect the water quality and water shares. The geographic information system is a good and helpful technique for evaluation and makes water-related subjects decisions by giving a clear vision of the studied problem.
The Sustainable Design Rules of Landscape
Authors: Kawther Khawla Kareem , Hassan Rasha Hussien
Published: November 2021

After the global developments that occurred, the most important of which is the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic, it was imperative to pay attention to outdoor spaces to preserve public health. There are important of studying the relationships between sustainable landscape design, the people, and the urban environment. The research problem revolves around a commitment to sustainable landscape design rules, which included variables in the sustainable natural space environment: environment, economy, justice, beauty, experience, and ethics. The research hypothesis is that there must be a system for the variables of sustainable spaces that determine relationships, opportunities, contradictions, and system parameters about people's health and safety, environmental services, biodiversity, and resource management. To achieve the above goals must be studied; compatibility with systems, the positive effects of globalization, the appropriate scale, and the interactive – behavioral, meaningful landscapes, the distinctive paradigm, using the alternative landscape and regenerated landscapes.
Study of Chaotic and Regular Modes of the Fractional Dynamic System of Selkov
Authors: Parovik Roman , Rakhmonov Zafar , Zunnunov Rakhim
Published: November 2021

The paper investigates the dynamic modes of the Sel’kov fractional self-oscillating system in order to simulate the interaction of cracks. The spectra of the maximum Lyapunov exponents, constructed depending on the parameters of the dynamic system, are used as a research tool. The maximum Lyapunov exponents were constructed according to the Benettin-Wolf algorithm. It is shown that the existence of chaotic regimes is possible. In particular, the spectrum of the maximum Lyapunov exponents of the order of the fractional derivative contains positive values, which indicates the presence of a chaotic regime. Phase trajectories were also constructed to confirm these results. It was also confirmed that the orders of fractional derivatives are responsible for dissipation in the system under consideration.
Vector Overhauser magnetometer POS-4: experience and prospects of application
Authors: Khomutov Sergey Y. , Sapunov Vladimir A. , Denisov Alexey Y. , Borodin Pavel B. , Kudin Dmitry V. , Sidorov Roman V. , Bebnev Alexey S. , Cherepanova Tatyana A. , Kotikov Andrey L. , Kanonidi Konstantin K. , Turbin Yury G. , Baryshev Pavel E.
Published: November 2021

The results of practical use of a POS-4 vector magnetometer, developed by the Research Laboratory of Quantum Magnetometry, UrFU (Yekaterinburg) and based on POS Overhauser sensors, are presented. Continuous measurements by POS-4 have been carried out at the Paratunka observatory (IKIR FEB RAS, Kamchatka) since 2015, were done at the Saint Petersburg observatory (GC RAS / IZMIRAN SPb Branch, Leningrad Region) in 2017-2018 and have been performed at the Arti observatory (Institute of Geophysics, UB RAS, Sverdlovsk Region) since 2020. On the new high-latitude observatory White Sea (IAGA code WSE, GC RAS / MSU, Nikolai Pertsov White Sea Biological Station , Karelia), POS-4 is used as a main variometer for magnetic measurements. In April 2019, the magnetometer was successfully used for field measurements on ice during the TRANSARCTIC expedition in the Barents Sea (AARI, Roshydromet). At the beginning of 2021 IZMIRAN started testing two POS-4 magnetometers at the Moskow observatory. According to the results of field and observatory measurements it was possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the magnetometer and provide the information for its developers for further modernization in order to improve its efficiency and reliability. Many years of experience in POS-4 application determine the areas where its scientific and applied usage will provide important results, for example, for magnetic measurements in the Arctic regions or for monitoring of active zones around volcanoes.
Imaging of Gastric Carcinoma. Part One: Diagnosis and Staging
Authors: Awiwi Muhammad O. , Ramanan Rochita V. , Elshikh Mohamed , Vikram Raghunandan
Published: November 2021

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy. Despite the enormous advancement in medical oncology over the past decade, surgical resection of early tumors remains the most effective treatment. Accurate interpretation of radiologic imaging studies is crucial for staging local disease spread, predicting possible lymphatic involvement, and identifying metastatic disease, thereby guiding management plans. This article reviews imaging patterns of the normal stomach along with appearances of gastric cancer, its local spread patterns and distant metastasis, and also describes key features pertaining to preoperative staging.
2D versus 3D Endoscopy: Head-to-Head Comparison in a Simulated Model of Endoscopic Endonasal Dural Suturing
Authors: Nebor Ivanna , Anderson Zoe , Mejia-Munne Juan C. , Hussein Ahmed , Montemagno Kora , Fumagalli Rebecca , Labiad Ikrame , Patil Yash , Andaluz Norberto , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Zuccarello Mario , Forbes Jonathan A.
Published: November 2021

Objective Endonasal dural suturing (EDS) has been reported to decrease the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This technique requires handling of single-shaft instrumentation in the narrow endonasal corridor. It has been proposed that three-dimensional (3D) endoscopes were associated with improved depth perception. In this study, we sought to perform a comparison of two-dimensional (2D) versus 3D endoscopy by assessing surgical proficiency in a simulated model of EDS.

Materials and Methods Twenty-six participants subdivided into groups based on previous endoscopic experience were asked to pass barbed sutures through preset targets with either 2D (Storz Hopkins II) or 3D (Storz TIPCAM) endoscopes on 3D-printed simulation model. Surgical precision and procedural time were measured. All participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire.

Results Novice, intermediate, and expert groups took 11.0, 8.7, and 5.7 minutes with 2D endoscopy and 10.9, 9.0, and 7.6 minutes with 3D endoscopy, respectively. The average deviation for novice, intermediate, and expert groups (mm) was 5.5, 4.4, and 4.3 with 2D and 6.6, 4.6, and 3.0 with 3D, respectively. No significant difference in procedural time or accuracy was found in 2D versus 3D endoscopy. 2D endoscopic visualization was preferred by the majority of expert/intermediate participants, while 3D endoscopic visualization by the novice group.

Conclusion In this pilot study, there was no statistical difference in procedural time or accuracy when utilizing 2D versus 3D endoscopes. While it is possible that widespread familiarity with 2D endoscopic equipment has biased this study, preliminary analysis suggests that 3D endoscopy offers no definitive advantage over 2D endoscopy in this simulated model of EDS.
Digitales Lernen: Der Knoten ist geplatzt
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2021

Schon lange bestand die Möglichkeit, Inhalte des Medizinstudiums online zu vermitteln. Doch erst der Lockdown in der Pandemie hat zum verstärkten Einsatz von digitalen Formaten an den Universitäten geführt. Verschiedene Beispiele zeigen, wie sich das sogenannte Blended Learning, die Kombination aus Onlineund Präsenzunterricht, an den medizinischen Fakultäten durchsetzen wird.