bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Cellulose from Kombucha Pellicle for Mucoadhesive Nanoformulations – A Comparison with Vegetal Cellulose from Brewer’s Spent Grains
Authors: Popa Tudor Ioana , Tritean Naomi , Dima Ștefan-Ovidiu , Trică Bogdan , Ghiurea Marius , Cimpean Anisoara , Oancea Florin , Constantinescu-Aruxandei Diana
Published: December 2024

Cellulose nanofibers have gained increasing interest in the production of medical devices such as mucoadhesive nanohydrogels due to their ability to retain moisture (high hydrophilicity), flexibility, superior porosity and durability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. In this work we aimed to compare the suitability of bacterial and vegetal nanocellulose to form hydrogels for biomedical applications Therefore, vegetal and bacterial cellulose nanofibers were synthesized from brewer's spent grains (BSG) and Kombucha membranes, respectively. Two hydrogels were prepared, one based on the vegetal and the other based on the bacterial cellulose nanofibers (VNC and BNC, respectively). The two hydrogels, as well as the hydrogel-mucin systems were physicochemically characterized. The cytocompatibility of the nanocellulose-based hydrogels was investigated using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1, ATCC CRL-2014). The morphological analyses highlighted the similarities and differences between bacterial and vegetal nanocellulose. The investigation of the hydrogel-mucin interaction revealed that the BNC hydrogel has a higher mucin binding efficiency than the VNC hydrogel. The BNC hydrogel exhibited the highest potential to increase the number of metabolically active viable cells (107.60 ± 0.98% of cytotoxicity negative control). The data suggest that the BNC hydrogel based on nanocellulose from Kombucha fermentation could be a better candidate for cytocompatible and mucoadhesive nanoformulations than the VNC hydrogel based on nanocellulose from brewer’s spent grains
Using In Vitro Models to Study the Interactions Between Environmental Exposures and Human Microbiota: Advantages, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cheng Qiwen , Chen Shengxi
Published: December 2024

Research has demonstrated a close correlation between human microbiota and overall health, highlighting their intimate connection. Exposure to environmental factors, such as chemical contaminants and biological agents, has the potential to alter the composition and function of microbiota, thereby influencing health outcomes. Meanwhile, microbiota may contribute to host protection by degrading or rendering harmless exposures. Environmental exposures demonstrate significant diversity and dynamism; however, conventional methods for exposure-microbiota research, such as animal and epidemiological studies, are often both time-consuming and costly. Additionally, they may raise ethical concerns. In this review, we rigorously examine the existing understanding of employing in vitro models, a cost-effective, swift, and dependable approach, to investigate the interactions between environmental exposures and human microbiota. We summarize the advantages of applying in vitro models to study the interactions, identify knowledge gaps in this field, and propose promising directions for future research.
miRNAs-set of Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis
Authors: Molina-Pelayo Francisco A. , Zarate-Lopez David , Garcia-Carrillo Rosendo , Rodríguez-Beas César , Íñiguez-Palomares Ramón , Soto-Guzmán Adriana , Velasco-Loyden Gabriela , Sierra-Martínez Mónica , Virgen-Ortiz Adolfo , Enrique Sánchez-Pastor Enrique Sánchez-Pastor , Baltiérrez-Hoyos Rafael , Dagnino-Acosta Adán , Alamilla-Gonzalez Javier , Chagoya de Sánchez Victoria , Chávez Enrique , Castro-Sánchez Luis
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to inadequate early diagnostic methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation and are possible biomarkers for molecular diagnosis in several diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of miRNAs contained in Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from HCC. The miRNA expression contained in EVs was analyzed in HCC cell lines, circulating EVs in a Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC rat model, and plasma samples of HCC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) were applied to circulating EV-miRNAs from human patients to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy. The miRNA expression analysis identified five miRNAs (miR-183-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-148b-3p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-215-5p) consistently up-regulated in EVs from in vitro and in vivo HCC models. These five EVs-derived miRNAs showed statistically significant differences in HCC patients stratified by TNM staging and Edmondson-Steiner grading compared to healthy controls. Individually and in combination, they demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy subjects. The consistent upregulation of the five miRNAs across different experimental models and clinical samples suggests their robustness as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, and it underscores their clinical potential in early disease management and prognosis.
Resilience and Social Support Protect Nurses from Anxiety and Depression: Evidence from Greece in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Moisoglou Ioannis , Gallos Parisis , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Rizos Fotios , Galanis Petros
Published: December 2024

Background: Nurses experience high levels of anxiety and depression since they work in a high stressful environment. Thus, identification of preventive factors against nurses’ anxiety and depression is essential to improve their quality of life. In this context, our aim was to examine the impact of resilience and social support on nurses’ anxiety and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was implemented in Greece during September 2024. We used the Brief Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 to measure resilience, social support, anxiety and depression, respectively. Results: Our sample included 677 nurses with a mean age of 37.73 years (standard deviation; 9.38). Our multivariable linear regression models identified a negative relationship between resilience and anxiety (b=-0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.11 to -0.77, p<0.001) and depression (b=-0.88, 95% CI=-1.05 to -0.71, p<0.001). Similarly, we found that significant others support was associated with reduced anxiety (b=-0.30, 95% CI=-0.43 to -0.18, p<0.001) and depression (b=-0.24, 95% CI=-0.37 to -0.12, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest the protective role of resilience and social support against nurses’ anxiety and depression. Managers and policy makers should adopt appropriate interventions to improve nurses’ resilience and social support, and, thus, to improve their mental health and quality of life.
In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Methylmercury, Arsenic (III and V) with a Cell-Based Model
Authors: Madorran Eneko , Kocbek Šaherl Lidija , Rakuša Mateja , Munda Mihael
Published: December 2024

The negative health effects associated with exposure to heavy metals are of global concern, so their toxic mechanisms and potency should be identified to develop effective prevention. In this sense, we analysed the toxicity of arsenic (+3 and +5 valences) and meHg in intestinal epithelial cells (H4) and blood macrophages (TLT). We performed crystal violet, MTT, proliferation, ROS, H2ax, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and cell shape assays with different concentrations of these elements to determine the potency and mechanism of their toxicity. The potency of the heavy metals differs in both cell types and among each element. In addition, all the selected heavy metals induced ROS formation and histone exposure, but each element had different pathways associated with their toxicity. For example, each element induced cell cycle arrest in different phases of H4 and TLT cells, and suggest that each element induce different cell death pathways in each cell type. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity may help to implement effective strategies for the prevention or mitigation of the heavy metal toxicity.
Evaluating Digital Map Utilization and Interpretation Skills of Students
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Song Jiali , Oguchi Takashi , Ogura Takuro , Iizuka Kotaro
Published: December 2024

In recent years, secondary schools and university departments related to geography teach various topics using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Especially, WebGIS, available online without installing additional software, is a recognized powerful educational tool for educators and students. On the other hand, research on how students perceive and utilize digital maps to understand geographical objects and investigate the complexity of such learning is insufficient. Therefore, we initiated a study to clarify these research questions by implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) education using a digital hazard map developed with WebGIS technology, focusing on young people in Japan, including secondary school and university students. The results indicate that DRR education using a simple digital map is helpful for a wide range of students regardless of age. Still, some perceive difficulty in learning using a digital hazard map. Map representation strongly affects students’ interpretation of vulnerable areas. The maps’ layers and functions are better to add gradually corresponding to students’ ability and familiarity with GIS in the initial stage of geography education using maps to prevent students’ negative impressions caused by complex issues and technical problems.
Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) to Evaluate the Biopredictive Power of Dissolution Methods for Rivaroxaban Tablets
Authors: de Carvalho Lauro Eduardo Nabais , Jou Bruna Wenyi Chuang , Ferraz Humberto Gomes , Issa Michele Georges , Duque Marcelo Dutra
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to use the physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) strategy to evaluate the biopredictive power of different dissolution test conditions for immediate release tablets containing 20 mg of rivaroxaban. The model was developed and validated with literature data and used to predict plasma concentration-time curves of reference drug product Xarelto® 20 mg based on the experimental dissolution profiles. Virtual bioequivalence studies were run considering each dissolution profile under fasted and fed conditions to evaluate the biopredictive power of each dissolution method. The dissolution profiles and the results of the virtual bioequivalence studies showed that it is necessary to have a minimal amount of surfactant (0.15%), rotation speed of at least 60 rpm and 900 mL of acetate buffer solution pH 4.5 to achieve biopredictive condition. Using the PBBM approach, it was possible to evaluate the differences of the dissolution test conditions, and its influence on drug bioavailability, setting up a dissolution specification for rivaroxaban immediate release tablets.
Vortex structures investigation in flow around delta wing
Authors: Borisov Vitaly Evgenyevich , Kostantinovskaya Tatiana Vitalievna , Lutsky Alexander Evgenievich
Published: December 2024

The vortex structures formed behind a triangular wing during a supersonic flow around it are considered. The dependence of these structures on the angle of attack and on the incoming flow Mach number is investigated. Numerical data were obtained on the multiprocessor hybrid supercomputer system K-60 at the KIAM of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Pedagogías de la memoria. De la justicia y el derecho a la memoria
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Alejandro Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Es claro que la creación de la CoVEHJ asume parte importante el andamiaje de instrumentos nacionales, interamericanos e internacionales para comprender parte de nuestro pasado y construir, con base en las concepciones de aquellos instrumentos, políticas dirigidas a (re)construir y saber la verdad sobre las violaciones graves de derechos humanos (desaparición forzada, la tortura y la ejecución extrajudicial de personas).
Seguridad pública y desigualdad de género en México avances y retrocesos
Authors: Deirdré Bazán Mayagoitia Norma Yrasema
Published: December 2024

La desigualdad de género es un problema mayúsculo a nivel mundial que incide en el sostenimiento de las violencias en contra de mujeres y niñas, así como en la disparidad salarial y laboral, e impide la garantía de los derechos humanos fundamentales.
Programa de español como segundo idioma para escolares sordos de primero de primaria
Authors: Gutiérrez Sandoval Pavel Roel , Olivas Olivas Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2024

El aprendizaje de la lengua española como segundo idioma para escolares sordos de primer grado de primaria es un desafío que requiere una atención pedagógica especializada. Este artículo presenta una propuesta de programa educativo diseñado para estos estudiantes, considerando sus características particulares y necesidades educativas. El enfoque principal es desarrollar habilidades en lectura y escritura mediante métodos adecuados a su forma de percepción y producción del lenguaje.
El Currículo como dispositivo de control en la Educación Física Castrense
Authors: Meneses Villalobos Mauricio Axel
Published: December 2024

El presente escrito tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre cómo el currículo en la educación física castrense actúa como un dispositivo de control y obediencia, moldeando tanto el cuerpo como la mente de los individuos. Desde una perspectiva biopolítica, se analizan las implicaciones históricas y filosóficas de las concepciones dualistas y monistas del cuerpo, y su papel en el control corporal dentro del contexto militar. Se argumenta que el currículo en la educación física castrense no solo transmite conocimientos, sino que funciona como un mecanismo disciplinario que interviene profundamente en la formación de sujetos obedientes y subordinados a las estructuras de poder.
La cascada de Basaseachi
Authors: Orozco Víctor
Published: December 2024

En mis tiempos de la infancia, transcurridos en el pueblo de Pascual Orozco, la cascada de Basaseachi era una especie de leyenda. No eran muchos los que la habían visitado, aunque algunos arrieros sobrevivientes de un oficio milenario, en el cual se habían ocupado casi todos los ancestros del pueblo, platicaban de ella con entusiasmo. Y no se conocía porque la única forma de llegar era a lomo de mula en fatigosas jornadas. Sin embargo, las recuas antaño omnipresentes y que apenas alcancé a conocer, casi habían desaparecido. Viajantes y mercancías se desplazaban en el ferrocarril y en camiones o unos pocos en automóviles de pasajeros.
La nueva rectoría de la UACJ
Authors: Álvarez Olivas Iván
Published: December 2024

Se hace una revisión de los retos que enfrentará la UACJ con la asunción del nuevo rectorado frente a las nuevas tecnologías, la personotecnia y los espacios hiperpersonales.
A diez años de la ley de acceso abierto en México
Authors: Sena Herrera Erika Mayela
Published: December 2024

En mayo de 2014 México dio un paso significativo hacia la democratización del conocimiento con la promulgación de la Ley de Acceso Abierto, en donde se reformaron y adicionaron diversas disposiciones de la Ley de Ciencia y Tecnología; de la Ley General de Educación; y de la Ley Orgánica del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT).
The Benefit of Community and Family Support During the Perinatal Period for Latina Immigrants
Authors: Sampson McClain , Kennedy Priscilla
Published: December 2024

Latina women are at increased risk for depression and anxiety, with rates twice those of Latino men in the United States. Specifically, among immigrants, rates of depression and anxiety increase with the number of years lived in the United States. The perinatal period (during pregnancy and up to 12 months postpartum) is a time of heightened risk for depression and anxiety for Latina immigrants, with studies demonstrating prevalence rates of between 52-54%.
Pengukuran Komitmen, Berpikir Kritis, Dan Kemandirian Melalui Program Magang Kampus Mengajar
Authors: Pratama Aditya
Published: December 2024

The campus teaching program was present during the COVID-19 pandemic. This program aims to help with learning activities during a pandemic. This paper examines and analyzes how commitment, independence, and creative thinking emerge after students join the teaching campus program. This study adopts a quantitative approach to understand the relationship between existing variables based on a questionnaire given a sample according to predetermined criteria. The sample of this study was students who took part in the campus teaching program until the program was finished. We use SEM-PLS to analyze data and understand the phenomena being studied with the help of SmartPLS software. Data collection using. The findings show that the campus teaching program has a positive effect on creative thinking but has no effect on independence. While the commitment variable is used as a moderating variable, the results obtained show that commitment can moderate the relationship between the campus teaching program and creative thinking but is unable to moderate the relationship between the campus teaching program and independence.
Abstrak
Program pengajaran kampus hadir di masa pandemi COVID-19. Program ini bertujuan untuk membantu kegiatan pembelajaran di masa pandemi. Tulisan ini mengkaji dan menganalisis bagaimana komitmen, kemandirian, dan pemikiran kreatif muncul setelah mahasiswa mengikuti program kampus mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk memahami hubungan antar variabel yang ada berdasarkan kuesioner yang diberikan sampel sesuai kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang mengikuti program mengajar di kampus sampai program selesai. Kami menggunakan SEM-PLS untuk menganalisis data dan memahami fenomena yang dipelajari dengan bantuan software SmartPLS. Pengumpulan data menggunakan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa program pengajaran di kampus berpengaruh positif terhadap berpikir kreatif tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian. Sedangkan variabel komitmen digunakan sebagai variabel moderasi, hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa komitmen mampu memoderasi hubungan antara program mengajar di kampus dengan berpikir kreatif namun tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan antara program mengajar di kampus dengan kemandirian.
Creep Evolution Characteristics and Deformation Mechanisms of Carbonaceous Slate under the Action of Groundwater
Authors: Yang Hucheng , Li Peng , Su Shengrui , Chen Jianxun
Published: December 2024

The carbonaceous slate exhibits significant creep characteristics and large deformations during tunnel excavation, especially in groundwater-rich areas. Studying the creep characteristics and deformation mechanism of carbonaceous slate under the influence of groundwater is substantial and essential. Triaxial creep tests of dry and saturated rock samples at different bedding angles were performed to examine the deformation characteristics using the GCTS-RTX1000 test system. The layered surface morphology was analyzed before and after the creep to reveal the deformation mechanisms. The results showed that the softening effect of water causes a significant reduction in the strength of the carbonaceous slates. The transient deformation of saturated samples was greater than that of dry samples due to the water absorption in the pores at a low-stress state. Creep in the saturated rock samples is more pronounced in the first stage compared to the dry samples, and the gap decreases as the stress increases. In the creep processes, the saturated samples manifested the pressure dissolution, debris migration, and deposition in the stratified surface of the particle skeleton under the water and the stress. These results are helpful for better understanding the creep characteristics of the carbonaceous slate in water-rich areas.
The democratic status of governments is linked to malevolent versus benevolent dispositions and wellbeing among its citizens
Authors: Neumann Craig S. , Kaufman Scott Barry , Brinke Leanne ten
Published: December 2024

Research suggests that level of democracy among countries is associated with the characteristics of their citizens. A critical question is whether types of government (e.g., autocratic vs. democratic) are linked to specific personality dispositions among its citizens, and their wellbeing. We addressed this question with a sample of over 200,000 persons from 75 countries. Using structural equation modeling and a strong measurement invariance approach we tested the association between national government status (i.e., autocratic, hybrid, flawed democracy, full democracy) and citizens display of socially aversive (malevolent) versus affiliative (benevolent) dispositional traits. As governments varied from autocratic to full democracy there were lower malevolent traits and higher benevolent traits. Further a quantitative democracy index predicted higher benevolent and lower malevolent traits, while only benevolent traits were strongly related to wellbeing. The findings highlight links between governments and the personality among citizens, and how democratic practices might influence wellbeing.
Mapping Ground Water Potential Zones in West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Shole Desta Gemeda
Published: December 2024

Ensuring sustainable groundwater use is essential for long-term agricultural viability and socio-economic development. Groundwater is essential for both household use and farming in the West Guji Zone. However, irregular monsoons and varying rainfall patterns have increased the demand for groundwater. Our study successfully delineated Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing and GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The resulting GWPZ map aids in locating water extraction sites, sustainable groundwater utilization, land-use planning, and water resource management in Oromia and Somalia regions of Ethiopia. The results indicated that the very poor, poor, fair, good, and very good potential zones accounted for 14.20%, 22.90%, 32.12%, 20.66%, and 10.12% of the study area, respectively. This approach can be extended to other parts of Ethiopia, promoting better watershed management practices for agriculture and drinking water supply. Notably, the study emphasizes the cost-effectiveness of combining remote sensing with AHP for groundwater prospecting, reducing workforce requirements and time constraints compared to conventional methods.
Social Isolation, Social Exclusion and Access to Resources: Mapping the Gendered Impact of TB-related Stigma Among TB Patients in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Medina-Marino Andrew , de Vos Lindsey , Daniels Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background
Stigma and isolation among people living with tuberculosis (PLWTB) is well documented. Poorly understood are the gendered pathways by which TB-related stigma results in isolation or impacts access to resources during one’s illness-to-health journey.
Methods
We interviewed PLWTB receiving treatment at government clinics in Buffalo City Metro, South Africa. Semi-structured guides explored: TB symptom experiences; access-to-care; treatment motivation; key supporters; and access to mental and tangible resources (MTRs) during illness. Open coding was done inductively, with MTR domains informed by the Network-Individual-Resource Model. Findings were analyzed through a cyclic iterative and deductive process using social isolation and exclusion as interpretive lenses. Memos and pathway mapping examined gendered differences in stigma, isolation, and access to networked MTRs.
Results
One-hundred forty-two PLWTB (Men = 93; Women = 61) were interviewed. PLWTB described pervasive TB stigma and isolation. Women described self-isolating in response to enacted and anticipated stigma. Men described active exclusion by friends and family. Women’s maintenance of familial ties facilitated access to MTRs while ill. Men’s systematic exclusion reduced their agency to access resources. Men and women described regaining of physical strength and recovery of social networks, but also the sustained post-treatment stigma impact.
Conclusions
We identified gendered pathways through which TB stigma and isolation affect access to MTRs. For women, stigma led to social isolation, but familial networks maintained access to MTRs, fostering resilience. Men experienced social exclusion, reduced agency to access MTRs, and increased vulnerability during illness. Findings can guide gender-responsive interventions to reduce the impact of TB stigma on health outcomes.
Ecosystem Value Measurement and Coupling Coordination of Man-Land System in Giant Panda National Park
Authors: Luo Yuyan , Li Ling , Zhang Shuyu , Chen Jing , Cao Deng , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

The Chinese government completed the pilot work of the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP) in 2020, but how to transform the ecological value of GPNP into economic value, and how to coordinate ecological value, economic value and human development to promote its sustainability is still a significant problem. Firstly, we use the equivalent factor method on the basis of measuring the ecosystem service value of GPNP to analyze the maximum service value element in the ecosystem service value. Secondly, the man-land coupling system is further introduced and next, divide the man-land coupling system into five sub-systems: life, production, ecology, public and giant pandas,. Lastly, comprehensively discusses the coupling and coordination mechanism of GPNP from the aspects of economy, culture, and ecology. We found that the ecological value of GPNP has been increasing year by year, but the degree of human development and the harmonious coexistence of giant pandas and the coordinated development of the ecological and economic values of GPNP are not impressive. The comprehensive level of coupling and coordination has improved, but it is still relatively low. Especially, when emergencies occur, the "human" system is more affected and lasts longer.
Advancing Sensitivity Analysis of an Intervertebral Disc Finite Element Model: A Comparative Approach Using Neural Networks
Authors: Gruber Gabriel , Atad Matan , Ribeiro Marx , Nicolini Luis Fernando , Lerchl Tanja , Kirschke Jan S. , Nispel Kati
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Sensitivity analysis (SA) is essential for identifying influential input parameters in finite element (FE) models, such as those of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, in complex IVD models, efficient methods often lack accuracy, while precise methods are computationally prohibitive. Surrogate models, like neural networks (NNs), provide a solution by enabling both efficient and accurate SA of such models.
Methods:
This study leveraged an NN surrogate trained on an L4L5 IVD FE model to compare variance-based methods (Sobol analysis and Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test), the gradient-based Integrated Gradients (IG) approach, and linear model-based SA methods (CoD-ratio, CAR²-ratio, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients) for their applicability. Performance evaluation of each method involved mean absolute deviation and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) scores, with Sobol analysis results as the reference. A detailed SA of the model was conducted using Sobol analysis results to examine total-order and interaction effects of the model parameters.
Results:
All methods effectively identified influential parameters, as indicated by high NDCG scores. Only variance-based methods, though, consistently quantified parameter influence and captured interactions. Neglecting interaction effects resulted in unexplained variances up to 25%, highlighting the need to consider total-order effects. Key model parameters were those related to fiber orientation and annulus fibrosus stiffness.
Conclusion:
Variance-based global SA methods, enabled by the NN surrogate, were essential for fully understanding the FE model sensitivity, capturing total-order effects and parameter interactions. The IG method effectively identified key parameters, while the novel application of the NDCG scores demonstrated the strength of surrogate-assisted methods in assessing parameter influence.
Nutrient distribution and utilization in apple–soybean alley-cropping systems under different drip irrigation emitter line deployments and mulching methods in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zheng Huiying , Wang Ruoshui , Wan Qian , Wang Lisha , Chen Li
Published: December 2024

Aims Apple–soybean alley cropping is one of the typical alley-cropping models in the Loess Plateau of China. The study aimed to alleviate interspecific competition intensified by the growth of fruit trees using the combination of drip irrigation emitter line and mulching to regulate soil nutrient distribution and analyze effects on nutrient utilization.
Methods A three-year field trial was conducted in apple–soybean alley-cropping systems, setting up three drip irrigation emitter line spacings (L1: one emitter line per soybean row; L2: one emitter line for every two rows; L3: one emitter line for every three rows) and two mulching methods (M1: mulching; M0: non-mulching).
Results Rapidly available phosphorus (AP), rapidly available potassium and total phosphorus contents varied greatly at the same spacing, whereas AP content varied greatly at different spacings. Compared with M0, yield, nutrient contents and use efficiency of M1 significantly increased. Most of the nutrients at the denser spacing (L1) were concentrated in the surface layer with uniform distribution. At the wider spacing (L3), nutrient distribution was uneven, resulting in fewer nutrients uptake and utilization by roots. The moderate spacing (L2) with mulching alleviated the interspecific competition by optimizing nutrient distribution and facilitating root niche separation between trees and crops. In the three years, M1L2 consistently displayed the highest yield, nutrient contents and utilization efficiency. Principal component analysis showed that M1L2 achieved the highest comprehensive score.
Conclusions The results recommended the use of M1L2 in young apple–soybean alley-cropping systems, with L1 as a preferable control measure if M0 is used.
Cross-neutralization of distant coronaviruses correlates with Spike S2-specific antibodies from immunocompetent and immunocompromised vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected patients
Authors: Patel Sara V , Leeman Brooke M , Botros Patricia J , Folta Joanna , Shahid Dhiman , Rocque Anya I , Joyal Andrew S , Vecchio Joseph A , Passell Eliza , Tien Dessie , Reynolds Zahra , Su Karry , Vyas Tammy D , Vyas Jatin M , Abar Emory , Barry Mamadou , Alexandrescu Andrew , Wallace Zachary , DaCosta Jeffrey M , Choudhary Manish C , Tamura Trevor , Edelstein Gregory , Li Yijia , Deo Rinki , Sparks Jeffrey A , Boucau Julie , Glover Owen , Barczak Amy , Lemieux Jacob , Siedner Mark J , Li Jonathan Z , Fofana Ismael Ben Farouck
Published: December 2024

As of May 2023, the public health emergency of COVID-19 was lifted across the globe. However, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to be recorded worldwide. This situation has been attributed to the ability of the virus to evade host immune responses including neutralizing antibody-derived Immunity. The vast majority of antibody escape mutations have been associated with the S1 subunit of the spike protein, especially the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) but also the N-terminal Domain (NTD). The other region of the spike, the S2 subunit, is the most conserved region amongst coronaviruses. We hypothesized that S2-specific antibody responses are suboptimal in vaccinated and SARS-CoV-2 infected patients resulting in an ineffective neutralization of distant coronaviruses. Here, we analyzed S2-specific antibody responses SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, including a mixed cohort of those with and without immunosuppression and prior vaccination. We found that S2-specific antibody responses are generally lower than S1-specific antibody responses. Furthermore, we observed in immunocompetent individuals that S1 and S2-specific antibody responses are both positively correlated with Wuhan, Omicron, SARS-CoV and W1V1-CoV pseudovirus neutralization. Among the immunocompromised patients, S1-specific antibody responses were rarely correlated with pseudovirus neutralization in contrast to S2-specific antibody responses which frequently correlated with pseudovirus neutralization. These data highlight the potential of the S2-subunit as an ideal target for induction of cross-neutralizing antibody immunity against divergent coronaviruses.
Mitigating Chloramphenicol Induced Liver Toxicity: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Astaxanthin and Quercetin
Authors: Verma Brijesh Kumar , Banerjee Debashis , Patel Herin
Published: December 2024

Background: This study investigates the efficacy of Astaxanthin (AXN) and Quercetin (QRN) as potential therapeutic agents for mitigating Chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced liver toxicity. Despite Chloramphenicol's broad-spectrum antibiotic properties, its clinical utility is hampered by hepatotoxic side effects. Our research seeks to assess the impact of Chloramphenicol -induced mitochondrial toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression alterations in HepG2 liver cells. The primary aim is to mitigate Chloramphenicol induced liver toxicity through combination therapy, utilizing the potent antioxidants Astaxanthin and Quercetin.
Methods and Results: The IC50 values for Chloramphenicol, Astaxanthin, and Quercetin were determined to assess mitochondrial toxicity throughthe measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) emission intensity. The study also examined the effectiveness of Astaxanthin and Quercetin in a ROS assay and evaluated their impact on the mRNA expression of genes including SURF1, SOD2, NRF1, TFAM, and UCP2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
The findings from the study provide significant evidence towards the therapeutic benefits of Astaxanthin and Quercetin in counteracting Chloramphenicol -induced liver toxicity, showcasing their potential as antioxidants for hepatoprotection.
Conclusion: This research adds to the accumulating evidence that supports the utilization of antioxidants like Astaxanthin and Quercetin in mitigating drug-induced liver toxicity. It paves the way for further investigations into the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and encourages the exploration of additional antioxidants in future for similar therapeutic applications.
Identifying households with children who have complex needs: a segmentation model for integrated care systems
Authors: Piroddi Roberta , Astbury Andrea , Baker Wesam , Daras Kostantinos , Rafferty Joe , Buchan Iain , Barr Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Background: Adversity in childhood is increasing in the United Kingdom. Complex health and social problems affecting children cluster in families where adults also have high need, but services are rarely aligned to support the whole family. Household level segmentation can help identify households most needing integrated support. Thus, the aim was to develop a segmentation model to identify those households with children who have high levels of complex cross-sectoral needs, to use as a case-finding tool for health and social care services, and to describe characteristics of identified households, to inform service integration.
Method: Working with stakeholders - in an English region of 2.7m population- we agreed a definition of families having complex needs which would benefit from service integration – including households with high intensity use, who had both physical and mental health problems amongst both adults and children and wider social risks. We then used individual and household linked data across multiple health and social care services to identify these households, providing an algorithm to be used in a case finding interface. Finally, to understand the needs of this segment, and to identify unmet need, to tailor support, we used descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to profile the segment and compare them with the rest of the population.
Results: 21,527 households (8% of the population of the region) were identified with complex needs, including 89,631 people (41,382 children), accounting for 34% of health and social care costs for families with children, £362 million in total, of which 42% was on children in care of local authorities. The households had contact with 3-4 different services, had high prevalence of mental health problems, most frequently co-morbid with respiratory problems, with high mental health emergency service use particularly amongst teenage girls many of whom had no prior elective treatment for conditions.
Conclusion: Our model provides a potentially useful tool for identifying households that could benefit from better integration of services and targeted family support that can help break intergenerational transfer of adversity.
Effect of Caesium Adsorption on Emission Properties of (100) and (110) Surfaces of Tungsten and Molybdenum Single Crystals
Authors: Smolnik Svyatoslav , Galstian Iryna , Shevchenko Mykola , Shatnii Tatiana , Tsapko Yevgen , Gerasymov Olexandr , Makeeva I. M. , Mulenko Sergij , Len Evgen
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the possibilities of using the electrode complex of the thermionic energy converter (TIC), which made from single crystals of the same type of refractory metals, but with different crystallographic orientations of the working surfaces of the cathode and anode. It solves the problem of evaporation of the cathode material at high operating temperatures and its deposition on the anode, and significantly extends the lifetime of the TIC. The dependences of the reflection coefficient of slow electrons and the electron work function on the concentration of caesium adsorbed on the (100) and (110) surfaces of molybdenum and tungsten single crystals have been studied by the methods of full-current spectroscopy and contact potential difference. As shown, the work function of both faces of the investigated single crystals of refractory metals changes nonmonotonically with an increase of the caesium concentration on the surfaces: at first, it decreases rapidly and reaches a minimum, and then, it smoothly increasing and reaches saturation. As found, due to the adjustment of the cathode and anode temperatures, which determine the concentration of caesium adsorbed on these electrodes, and due to the residual pressure of caesium vapor in the vacuum gap of the TIC, it is possible to satisfy the conditions for obtaining a significant power of the TIC, when the optimal difference in the values of the emitter and collector work function is realized (near 1–1.5 eV) with minimal reflection of electrons from the surface of the anode.
Lack of near-sightedness principle in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Spring Helene , Könye Viktor , Akhmerov Anton R. , Fulga Ion Cosma
Published: December 2024

The non-Hermitian skin effect is a phenomenon in which an extensive number of states accumulates at the boundaries of a system. It has been associated to nontrivial topology, with nonzero bulk invariants predicting its appearance and its position in real space. Here, we demonstrate that the non-Hermitian skin effect has weaker bulk-edge correspondence than topological insulators: when translation symmetry is broken by a single non-Hermitian impurity, skin modes are depleted at the boundary and accumulate at the impurity site, without changing any bulk invariant. Similarly, a single non-Hermitian impurity may deplete the states from a region of Hermitian bulk.
Complexity of reference consultations for undergraduate and graduate students in an academic library
Authors: Firsová Naděžda , Hinke Jana , Smutka Luboš
Published: December 2024

Effective resource allocation is critical for academic libraries that offer reference consultations and information literacy instruction to support student success. The study aims to examine the time spent and the intensity and variation in information resource use across 671 reference consultations provided to undergraduate and graduate students at the Czech National Library of Technology, categorized by complexity levels. A case study methodology with quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics and correlation tests, was applied. The results indicate that simple consultations require more extensive involvement of information resources with an emphasis on basic information literacy, while higher grades of consultations involve fewer resources but more frequent use of full-text databases. It is also shown that information resources are used consistently, with usage patterns reflecting the complexity of users’ assignments and questions. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between consultation complexity and both the time spent providing a consultation (correlation coefficient 0.276) and the time spent preparing for the consultation (correlation coefficient 0.262). The results suggest the need for strategic planning of human resources based on service complexity to increase the efficiency of consultations, as well as more conscious decision making regarding the use of information resources in consultation services.
Acknowledgment The authors are grateful for the invaluable support provided by the Czech National Library of Technology during the research process. The research data offered were extremely helpful and have been essential to complete this research successfully.
Capivasertib: First Approved AKT inhibitor for the Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: De Surya K.
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer frequently occurs in women. Among the several types of breast cancers, almost 50% of
breast cancers are caused by one or more gene mutations of the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway. Capivasertib, the
first AKT inhibitor, was authorized by the US FDA on November 16, 2023. It is used for the treatment of adult
patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative metastatic breast
cancer with at least one alteration on PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN. In this short perspective, Capivasertib’s physicochemical
properties, synthesis, mechanism of action, binding mode, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction studies,
and treatment-emergent adverse events are discussed.
Problem-solving As Concurrent Processing in a Network of Neural-like Elements
Authors: Prudkov Pavel N. , Rodina Olga N.
Published: December 2024

Background

Problem-solving is considered a sequential process, when one thought is a prerequisite for the next one. However, most mental processes are parallel. Based on ideas that thinking can be considered processing information in a network of neuron-like elements functioning concurrently, we hypothesized concurrent processing always occurs in problem-solving. We suggest there are individual differences regarding the easiness of the emergence of task-related but supplementary thoughts that can be applied to elucidate how concurrent processing influences problem-solving.

Methods

A questionnaire on the emergence of supplementary thoughts was designed. It was hypothesized there may be positive correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and scores on problem-solving tasks and the times taken to perform these tasks. Four tasks were used to characterize problem-solving. To study the relationship between concurrent processing and processing speed the simple reaction time task was used.

Results

Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.705. Eight of ten correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and the variables derived from the problem-solving tasks were significant. A partial correlation between scores on the questionnaire and reaction times was insignificant. There was a positive correlation between scores on the questionnaire and age. Thus, unlike other characteristics associated with flexibility in thinking, concurrent processing is not deteriorated with age.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate concurrent processing exists and influences problem-solving. Concurrent processing and processing speed are based on distinctive mechanisms. An explanation for the fact that concurrent processing is not worsened with age is suggested.
MOF-based Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Frontier in Sustainable Chemical Transformations
Authors: Kumar Girijesh
Published: December 2024

EditorialMOF-based Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Frontier in Sustainable Chemical TransformationsGirijesh Kumar *Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India; E-Mails: girijeshchem@gmail.com; girijeshkumar@allduniv.ac.in* Correspondence: Girijesh Kumar; E-Mails: girijeshchem@gmail.com; girijeshkumar@allduniv.ac.inSpecial Issue: Metal-Organic Frameworks in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Recent Progress, New Trends, and Future PerspectivesCatalysis Research2024, volume 4, issue 4doi:10.21926/cr.2404014Received: December 02, 2024Accepted: December 03, 2024Published: December 05, 2024
Impact of Internet Usage on Depression Among Older Adults: Comprehensive Study
Authors: Guo Lin , Li Yunwei , Cheng Kai , Zhao Ying , Yin Wenqiang , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

Background

Depression is a widespread mental health issue affecting older adults globally, with substantial implications for their well-being. Although digital interventions have proven effective in high-income countries, research on the potential of internet usage to alleviate depression among older adults in high-income countries remains limited.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the impact of internet usage on depression among older adults in high-income countries by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework and testing key hypotheses.

Methods

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a 2-stage instrumental variable approach was applied to address endogeneity and estimate causal relationships between internet usage and depression.

Results

The findings indicate that internet usage results in a 1.41% reduction in depression levels among older adults. This effect is mediated by four primary mechanisms: (1) enhanced social interaction, (2) increased physical activity, (3) improved intergenerational contact, and (4) expanded access to educational opportunities. A heterogeneity analysis revealed that these effects are more pronounced in urban areas, eastern regions, and regions with superior internet infrastructure.

Conclusions

Internet usage plays a crucial role in alleviating depression among older adults in high-income countries, with regional variations. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to improve internet access and digital literacy, which can mitigate depression and enhance the mental health of older adults.