bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modified Calculation of the Withdrawal Time and a Risk Assessment of Enrofloxacin in Micropterus salmoides after Its Ad Libitum Administration via Medicated Feed in the Commercial Aquaculture
Authors: Xu Ning , Ding Yongzhen , Ai Xiaohui
Published: August 2024

The present study investigated the residue depletion and WTs of EF and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in largemouth bass after ad libitum administration in commercial fish farming based on statistical approaches. Samples collected at pre-determined time points were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. If the concentrations of medicine were less than the quantitative limit, they were set to be half of the limit of quantitative. The terminal elimination of the target compound was assumed to fit a one-compartment model. The statistical methods of Bartlett’s test and Cochran’s test were used to inspect the homogeneity of the log-transformed data. The lack-of-fit test and F-test were used to check the linearity of the regression line. Outliers were assessed using standardized residuals. The final WT was estimated using the 95% percentile with a 95% confidence level. The WTs of EF were calculated to be 46, 29, 33, 46, and 20 days for the muscle + skin, plasma, gill, kidney, and liver, respectively. After the risk assessment, the values of the hazard quotient were calculated to be far less than 1, indicating that the risk of residual EF was particularly low in the edible tissues of largemouth bass after medicine depletion for various WTs.
Enhancing the Viability of a Small Giant Panda Population Through Individual Introduction From a Larger Conspecific Group: A Scientific Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Yuzhen , Liu Jiabin , Yu Jiaojiao , Li Cheng , Zhao Xing , Mo Li , Wu Wei , Gai Yulin , Xu Qiang , Ni Jiubin , Shen Limin , Gu Haijun , Zhang Jindong , Qi Dunwu , Gu Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Currently, nearly 70% of giant panda populations are facing survival challenges. The introduction of wild individuals can bring vitality to them. To explore this possibility, we hypothetically introduced giant pandas from Tangjiahe and Wanglang into Liziping and Daxiangling Nature Reserves. We collected feces from these areas and analyzed the genetic diversity and population viability before and after introduction using nine microsatellite loci. The results showed the genetic level and viability of the large populations were better than the small populations. We investigated the effects of time intervals (2a, 5a, and 10a; year: a) and gender combinations (female: F; male: M) on the rejuvenation of small populations. Finally, five introduction plans (1F/2a, 2F/5a, 1F1M/5a, 3F/10a, and 2F1M/10a) were obtained to make Liziping meet the long-term survival standard after 100 years, and six plans (1F/2a, 2F/5a, 1F1M/5a, 4F/10a, 3F1M/10a, and 2F2M/10a) were obtained in Daxiangling. The more females were introduced, the greater the impact on the large populations. After introducing individuals, the number of alleles and expected heterozygosity of the Liziping population are at least 6.667 and 0.688, and for the Daxiangling population, they are 7.111 and 0.734, respectively. Our study provides theoretical support for the translocation of giant pandas, a reference for the restoration of other endangered species worldwide.
Assessment of the Addition of Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Powder to Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Flours: A Chemometric Evaluation of Their Pasting Properties
Authors: Nastasi Joseph Robert , Ma Siyu , Alagappan Shanmugam , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Cozzolino Daniel
Published: August 2024

Edible insects have been evaluated as an alternative and sustainable source of protein because of their nutritive and functional properties for humans and domestic animals. The objective of this study was to assess the use of chemometric [principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS)] combined with Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) profiles to evaluate the addition of cricket powder (CKP) to chickpea (CPF) and flaxseed (FxF) flours. The results of this study showed that the addition of CKP powder to both CPF and FxF flours affects the pasting properties of the samples; in particular, a reduction in the peak (PV) and final viscosity (FV) was observed. The use of chemometric data techniques such as PCA and PLS regression allowed for a better interpretation of the RVA profiles. Both PCA and PLS regression allowed to qualitative and quantitatively identify the addition level of CKP powder to CPF and FxF flour samples. Differences in the PLS loadings associated with the RVA profile due to the addition of cricket powder were observed. The development of these methodologies will provide researchers and the food industry with better tools to both improve and monitor the quality of ingredients with functional properties as well as to further understand the use of insects as alternative sources of protein.
Deep Learning for Point-of-Care Ultrasound Image Quality Enhancement: A Review
Authors: van der Pol Hilde G. A. , van Karnenbeek Lennard M. , Wijkhuizen Mark , Geldof Freija , Dashtbozorg Behdad
Published: August 2024

The popularity of handheld devices for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has increased in recent years due to their portability and cost-effectiveness. However, POCUS has the drawback of lower imaging quality compared to conventional ultrasound because of hardware limitations. Improving the quality of POCUS through post-image processing would therefore be beneficial, with deep learning approaches showing promise in this regard. This review investigates the state-of-the-art progress of image enhancement using deep learning suitable for POCUS applications. A systematic search was conducted from January 2024 to February 2024 on PubMed and Scopus. From the 457 articles that were found, the full text was retrieved for 69 articles. From this selection, 15 articles were identified addressing multiple quality enhancement aspects. A disparity in the baseline performance of the low-quality input images was seen across these studies, ranging between 8.65 and 29.24 dB for the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and between 0.03 an 0.71 for the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). In six studies, where both the PSNR and the SSIM metrics were reported for the baseline and the generated images, mean differences of 6.60 (SD ± 2.99) and 0.28 (SD ± 0.15) were observed for the PSNR and SSIM, respectively. The reported performance outcomes demonstrate the potential of deep learning-based image enhancement for POCUS. However, variability in the extent of the performance gain across datasets and articles was notable, and the heterogeneity across articles makes quantifying the exact improvements challenging.
Understanding the Abandonment of Aquaculturists: A Case in the Amazon (North of Brazil)
Authors: Hungria Anderson Paixão , Pinto Monique Damasceno , Macedo Antônia Rafaela Gonçalves , Silva Osnan Lennon Lameira , Modesto Regiara Croelhas , Oliveira Lenilton Alex de Araujo , Brandão Lian Valente , Silva Fabricio Nilo Lima da
Published: August 2024

Despite the huge potential of aquaculture in the Amazon, several producers have abandoned the activity due to a lack of assistance, technology, and innovation. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify factors that have contributed to the withdrawal of aquaculturists from the municipality of ‘Vigia de Nazaré’, state of Pará (Northern Region of Brazil). This case study took place in 2022 through a quanti-qualitative survey, applying structured questionnaires to former aquaculturists. A total of 30 fish farms were investigated, with 11 of them being abandoned. They are distributed across 10 rural communities that have developed fish farming, with ‘Vila de Itapuá’ (18.2%) being the most representative. When active, fish farming was practiced by men (100%) aged between 51 to 60 years (54.5%) with an incomplete primary education (100%), who carried out the activity for an average of 5 years (81.8%), quitting fish farming between the years 2019 and 2020 (72.7%). All former aquaculturists owned small properties, with excavated ponds in an extensive system and used family labor. The absence of technical assistance and the high cost of feed were pointed out as the main problems in the production chain. It is worth noting that the monoculture of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) accounted for 63.6% of the species produced in rural communities. In conclusion, former aquaculturists express the desire to return to fish farming due to its socio-economic importance. For this, government actions supporting technical assistance and advanced studies in fish nutrition by educational, research, and extension institutions are necessary.
A Survey Study of the 3D Facial Landmark Detection Techniques Used as a Screening Tool for Diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Hornák Rastislav , Duchoň František
Published: August 2024

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common disorder affecting both adults and children. It is characterized by repeated episodes of apnea (stopped breathing) and hypopnea (reduced breathing), which result in intermittent hypoxia. We recognize pediatric and adult OSA, and this paper focuses on pediatric OSA. While adults often suffer from daytime sleepiness, children are more likely to develop behavioral abnormalities. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent negative effects on children’s development. Without the treatment, children may be at increased risk of developing high blood pressure or other heart problems. The gold standard for OSA diagnosis is the polysomnography (sleep study) PSG performed at a sleep center. Not only is it an expensive procedure, but it can also be very stressful, especially for children. Patients have to stay at the sleep center during the night. Therefore, screening tools are very important. Multiple studies have shown that OSA screening tools can be based on facial anatomical landmarks. Anatomical landmarks are landmarks located at specific anatomical locations. For the purpose of the screening tool, a specific list of anatomical locations needs to be identified. We are presenting a survey study of the automatic identification of these landmarks on 3D scans of the patient’s head. We are considering and comparing both knowledge-based and AI-based identification techniques, with a focus on the development of the automatic OSA screening tool.
High-Resolution WRF Modeling of Wind and Thermal Regimes with LCZ in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Dedova Tatyana , Balakay Larissa , Zakarin Edige , Bostanbekov Kairat , Abdimanap Galymzhan
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating high-resolution atmospheric conditions for Almaty, Kazakhstan, a city prone to stagnant winter air. While the previously used Bougeault and Lacarrere scheme for parameterizing the planetary boundary layer was applied in high-resolution modeling, the number of vertical levels was increased, and a detailed local climate zones (LCZs) map was included. Ground-based observations from meteorological stations and monitoring stations, remote sensing data, and radiosonde measurements are used to verify the model. Comparison results with ground-based observations show that the WRF model with the LCZ map provides a better representation of the wind and thermal regimes of Almaty compared to the three-class land use map, including in high resolution. A good correspondence of wind direction is demonstrated by comparing the modeling results with pollutant transport plumes recorded by remote sensing data. In addition, a good correlation was found between land surface temperature from satellite data and air temperature simulated by WRF with a resolution of 333 m. A comparison of simulated data and aerological measurements confirmed that downscaling did not have a significant impact on boundary layer calculations. Analysis of turbulent processes showed that the adopted model effectively describes the attenuation and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy and reflects the typical diurnal variations of meteorological processes in the atmosphere of Almaty in the anticyclonic winter period. The results of high-resolution WRF modeling can form the basis for the development of a hybrid system capable of modeling atmospheric processes at the building level.
Variations in Cloud Concentration Nuclei Related to Continental Air Pollution Control and Maritime Fuel Regulation over the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sun Lei , Cui Wenxin , Ma Nan , Hong Juan , Zhu Yujiao , Gao Yang , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

Here, we compared the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and particle number size distributions (PNSDs) measured during the transient period from the winter to the summer East Asian monsoon in 2021 with those in 2014 to explore possible responses to how CCN responds to upwind continental air pollutant mitigation and marine traffic fuel sulfur content (FSC) regulation over the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). We also employed the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis to apportion concentrations of CCN (Nccn) to different sources in order to quantify its source-specified responses to mitigation of air pollution during the transient period. Our results showed that (1) upwind continental mitigation likely reduced Nccn by approximately 200 cm−3 and 400 cm−3 at 0.2% and 0.4% supersaturation (SS), respectively, in the marine background atmosphere over the NWPO; (2) FSC regulation resulted in a decrease in Nccn at 0.4% SS by about 50 cm−3 and was nearly negligible at 0.2% SS over the NWPO. Additionally, a PMF-resolved factor, characterized by a dominant nucleation mode, was present only in 2014 and disappeared in 2021, likely due to the reduction. This estimation, however, suffered from uncertainties since seasonal changes were hard to be deducted accurately. PMF-resolved factors accurately represented Nccn in 80–90% of cases, but this accuracy was not observed in the remaining cases. Finally, an integrated analysis of satellite-derived cloud parameters and ship-based measurements indicated that the reduced Nccn over the NWPO might be co-limited with meteorological factors in forming cloud droplets during the transient period.
Atmospheric Conditions Related to Extreme Heat and Human Comfort in the City of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) during the First Quarter of the Year 2024
Authors: Moreira Ayobami Badiru , Wanderley Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque , Duarte Cristiana Coutinho , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the atmospheric conditions and human thermal comfort related to extreme heat in Rio de Janeiro during the first quarter of 2024. The dataset includes meteorological data from the A636-Jacarepaguá station of INMET and seven stations from the Alerta Rio system. Weather types were classified using principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Additionally, three thermal comfort indices were calculated: the heat index (HI), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and modified PET (mPET). Five groups of surface weather types were identified, with two being more frequent and associated with extreme heat events. These two groups accounted for over 70% of the days in all months. Critical thermal sensation values were found, particularly at the Guaratiba station, where the daytime HI exceeded 60 °C, and at the Riocentro station, where the nighttime HI surpassed 40 °C. The HI showed a greater range and variability compared with the PET and mPET, highlighting the importance of investigating microclimatic factors which intensify urban heat in central and coastal areas and cause daytime overheating in more distant regions like Guaratiba. This study emphasizes the need for detailed investigation into microclimatic factors and their public health implications, especially in areas with high tourist activity and vulnerable populations.
Design and Validation of a PLC-Controlled Morbidostat for Investigating Bacterial Drug Resistance
Authors: Pedreira Adrián , Vázquez José A. , Romanenko Andrey , García Míriam R.
Published: August 2024

During adaptive laboratory evolution experiments, any unexpected interruption in data monitoring or control could lead to the loss of valuable experimental data and compromise the integrity of the entire experiment. Most homemade mini-bioreactors are built employing microcontrollers such as Arduino. Although affordable, these platforms lack the robustness of the programmable logic controller (PLC), which enhances the safety and robustness of the control process. Here, we describe the design and validation of a PLC-controlled morbidostat, an innovative automated continuous-culture mini-bioreactor specifically created to study the evolutionary pathways to drug resistance in microorganisms. This morbidostat includes several improvements, both at the hardware and software level, for better online monitoring and a more robust operation. The device was validated employing Escherichia coli, exploring its adaptive evolution in the presence of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), a quaternary ammonium compound widely used for its antimicrobial properties. E. coli was subjected to increasing concentrations of DDAC over 3 days. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in DDAC susceptibility, with evolved populations exhibiting substantial changes in their growth after exposure.
Deciphering Factors Contributing to Cost-Effective Medicine Using Machine Learning
Authors: Long Bowen , Zhou Jinfeng , Tan Fangya , Bellur Srikar
Published: August 2024

This study uses machine learning to identify critical factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. By developing a novel cost-effectiveness rating (CER) based on user ratings and prices, we analyzed data from Amazon. The findings indicate that Flexible Spending Account (FSA)/Health Savings Account (HSA) eligibility, symptom treatment range, safety warnings, special effects, active ingredients, and packaging size significantly impact cost-effectiveness across cold, allergy, digestion, and pain relief medications. Medications eligible for FSA or HSA funds, treating a broader range of symptoms, and having smaller packaging are perceived as more cost-effective. Cold medicines with safety warnings were cost-effective due to their lower average price and effective ingredients like phenylephrine and acetaminophen. Allergy medications with kid-friendly features showed higher cost-effectiveness, and ingredients like calcium, famotidine, and magnesium boosted the cost-effectiveness of digestion medicines. These insights help consumers make informed purchasing decisions and assist manufacturers and retailers in enhancing product competitiveness. Overall, this research supports better decision-making in the pharmaceutical industry by highlighting factors that drive cost-effective medication purchases.
Evolution of Retinal Neuron Fractality When Interfacing with Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Dillon Aiden P. , Moslehi Saba , Brouse Bret , Keremane Saumya , Philliber Sam , Griffiths Willem , Rowland Conor , Smith Julian H. , Taylor Richard P.
Published: August 2024

Exploring how neurons in the mammalian body interact with the artificial interface of implants can be used to learn about fundamental cell behavior and to refine medical applications. For fundamental and applied research, it is crucial to determine the conditions that encourage neurons to maintain their natural behavior during interactions with non-natural interfaces. Our previous investigations quantified the deterioration of neuronal connectivity when their dendrites deviate from their natural fractal geometry. Fractal resonance proposes that neurons will exhibit enhanced connectivity if an implant’s electrode geometry is matched to the fractal geometry of the neurons. Here, we use in vitro imaging to quantify the fractal geometry of mouse retinal neurons and show that they change during interaction with the electrode. Our results demonstrate that it is crucial to understand these changes in the fractal properties of neurons for fractal resonance to be effective in the in vivo mammalian system.
Biomechanical Study of Symmetric Bending and Lifting Behavior in Weightlifter with Lumbar L4-L5 Disc Herniation and Physiological Straightening Using Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Zhang Caiting , Song Yang , Zhang Qiaolin , Teo Ee-Chon , Liu Wei
Published: August 2024

Background: Physiological curvature changes of the lumbar spine and disc herniation can cause abnormal biomechanical responses of the lumbar spine. Finite element (FE) studies on special weightlifter models are limited, yet understanding stress in damaged lumbar spines is crucial for preventing and rehabilitating lumbar diseases. This study analyzes the biomechanical responses of a weightlifter with lumbar straightening and L4-L5 disc herniation during symmetric bending and lifting to optimize training and rehabilitation. Methods: Based on the weightlifter’s computed tomography (CT) data, an FE lumbar spine model (L1-L5) was established. The model included normal intervertebral discs (IVDs), vertebral endplates, ligaments, and a degenerated L4-L5 disc. The bending angle was set to 45°, and weights of 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg were used. The flexion moment for lifting these weights was theoretically calculated. The model was tilted at 45° in Abaqus 2021 (Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Johnston, RI, USA), with L5 constrained in all six degrees of freedom. A vertical load equivalent to the weightlifter’s body mass and the calculated flexion moments were applied to L1 to simulate the weightlifter’s bending and lifting behavior. Biomechanical responses within the lumbar spine were then analyzed. Results: The displacement and range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine were similar under all three loading conditions. The flexion degree increased with the load, while extension remained unchanged. Right-side movement and bending showed minimal change, with slightly more right rotation. Stress distribution trends were similar across loads, primarily concentrated in the vertebral body, increasing with load. Maximum stress occurred at the anterior inferior margin of L5, with significant stress at the posterior joints, ligaments, and spinous processes. The posterior L5 and margins of L1 and L5 experienced high stress. The degenerated L4-L5 IVD showed stress concentration on its edges, with significant stress also on L3-L4 IVD. Stress distribution in the lumbar spine was uneven. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact on spinal biomechanics and suggest reducing anisotropic loading and being cautious of loaded flexion positions affecting posterior joints, IVDs, and vertebrae. This study offers valuable insights for the rehabilitation and treatment of similar patients.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Żychowska Justyna , Ćmil Maciej , Skórka Patryk , Olejnik-Wojciechowska Joanna , Plewa Paulina , Bakinowska Estera , Kiełbowski Kajetan , Pawlik Andrzej
Published: August 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus that can be transmitted through unsafe medical procedures, such as injections, transfusions, and dental treatment. The infection may be self-limiting or manifest as a chronic form that induces liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or progression into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic mechanisms are major regulators of gene expression. These mechanisms involve DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the activity of non-coding RNAs, which can enhance or suppress gene expression. Abnormal activity or the dysregulated expression of epigenetic molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various pathological disorders, including inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this review, we summarise the current evidence on epigenetic mechanisms involved in HCV infection and progression to HCC.
Activity of Membrane-Permeabilizing Lpt Peptides
Authors: Maggi Stefano , Mori Giulia , Maglie Luigi , Carnuccio Dario , Delfino Danila , Della Monica Emanuele , Rivetti Claudio , Folli Claudia
Published: August 2024

Herein, we investigated the toxicity and membrane-permeabilizing capabilities of Lpt and Lpt-like peptides, belonging to type I toxin–antitoxin systems carried by plasmid DNA of Lacticaseibacillus strains. These 29 amino acid peptides are predicted to form α-helical structures with a conserved central hydrophobic sequence and differently charged hydrophilic termini. Like Lpt, the expression of Lpt-like in E. coli induced growth arrest, nucleoid condensation, and cell membrane damage, suggesting membrane interaction as the mode of action. The membrane permeabilization activity of both peptides was evaluated by using liposome leakage assays, dynamic light scattering, and CD spectroscopy. Lpt and Lpt-like showed liposome leakage activity, which did not lead to liposome disruption but depended on peptide concentration. Lpt was generally more effective than Lpt-like, probably due to different physical chemical properties. Leakage was significantly reduced in larger liposomes and increased with negatively charged PCPS liposomes, indicating that electrostatic interactions and membrane curvature influence peptide activity. Contrary to most membrane-active peptides, Lpt an Lpt-like progressively lost their α-helical structure upon interaction with liposomes. Our data are inconsistent with the formation of membrane-spanning peptide pores but support a mechanism relying on the transient failure of the membrane permeability barrier possibly through the formation of “lipid pores”.
The Role of Inositols in Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Mormando Marilda , Puliani Giulia , Bianchini Marta , Lauretta Rosa , Appetecchia Marialuisa
Published: August 2024

Inositols have demonstrated a role in cancer prevention and treatment in many kinds of neoplasms. Their molecular mechanisms vary from the regulation of survival and proliferative pathways to the modulation of immunity and oxidative stress. The dysregulation of many pathways and mechanisms regulated by inositols has been demonstrated in endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors but the role of inositol supplementation in this context has not been clarified. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular basis of the possible role of inositols in endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors, proposing it as an adjuvant therapy.
Marine Natural Compounds with Biomedical Potential: 2nd Edition
Authors: Leychenko Elena
Published: August 2024

The potential of marine natural compounds for drug design is difficult to overestimate [...]
Quantitative Analysis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Storage Organelles via Cryo-Electron Tomography and Light Microscopy
Authors: Parrell Daniel , Olson Joseph , Lemke Rachelle A. , Donohue Timothy J. , Wright Elizabeth R.
Published: August 2024

Bacterial cytoplasmic organelles are diverse and serve many varied purposes. Here, we employed Rhodobacter sphaeroides to investigate the accumulation of carbon and inorganic phosphate in the storage organelles, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyphosphate (PP), respectively. Using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), these organelles were observed to increase in size and abundance when growth was arrested by chloramphenicol treatment. The accumulation of PHB and PP was quantified from three-dimensional (3D) segmentations in cryo-tomograms and the analysis of these 3D models. The quantification of PHB using both segmentation analysis and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LCMS) each demonstrated an over 10- to 20-fold accumulation of PHB. The cytoplasmic location of PHB in cells was assessed with fluorescence light microscopy using a PhaP-mNeonGreen fusion-protein construct. The subcellular location and enumeration of these organelles were correlated by comparing the cryo-ET and fluorescence microscopy data. A potential link between PHB and PP localization and possible explanations for co-localization are discussed. Finally, the study of PHB and PP granules, and their accumulation, is discussed in the context of advancing fundamental knowledge about bacterial stress response, the study of renewable sources of bioplastics, and highly energetic compounds.
Quantification of Ions in Human Urine—A Review for Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Ferrão Ana Rita , Pestana Paula , Borges Lígia , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Martinez-de-Oliveira José
Published: August 2024

Urine is an organic fluid produced by the kidney, and its analysis is one of the most requested laboratory tests by clinicians. The ionic composition of urine has been shown to be a good health indicator: it is useful for the diagnosis of several diseases, as well as monitoring therapeutics. This review considers laboratorial techniques that have been used throughout time for the quantification of ions in urine, and also considers some methodologies that can potentially be used in clinical laboratories for this kind of analysis. Those methods include gravimetry, titration, flame emission spectrophotometry (flame photometry), fluorimetry, potentiometry (ion selective electrodes), ion chromatography, electrophoresis, kinetic colorimetric tests, enzymatic colorimetric tests, flow cytometry, atomic absorption, plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and paper-based devices. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium are among the most important physiological ions, and their determination is frequently requested in hospitals. There have been many advances regarding the analysis of these ions in 24 h urine. However, there is still some way to go concerning the importance of intracellular ions in this type of sample as well as the use of occasional urine for monitoring these parameters.
Advancements in Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hartmann Tolić Ivana , Habijan Marija , Galić Irena , Nyarko Emmanuel Karlo
Published: August 2024

Celiac disease, a chronic autoimmune condition, manifests in those genetically prone to it through damage to the small intestine upon gluten consumption. This condition is estimated to affect approximately one in every hundred individuals worldwide, though it often goes undiagnosed. The early and accurate diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is critical to preventing severe health complications, with computer-aided diagnostic approaches showing significant promise. However, there is a shortage of review literature that encapsulates the field’s current state and offers a perspective on future advancements. Therefore, this review critically assesses the literature on the role of imaging techniques, biomarker analysis, and computer models in improving CD diagnosis. We highlight the diagnostic strengths of advanced imaging and the non-invasive appeal of biomarker analyses, while also addressing ongoing challenges in standardization and integration into clinical practice. Our analysis stresses the importance of computer-aided diagnostics in fast-tracking the diagnosis of CD, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research to refine these approaches for effective implementation in clinical settings. Future research in the field will focus on standardizing CAD protocols for broader clinical use and exploring the integration of genetic and protein data to enhance early detection and personalize treatment strategies. These advancements promise significant improvements in patient outcomes and broader implications for managing autoimmune diseases.
Outcomes of Art-Based Leadership Development: A Qualitative Metasummary
Authors: Sandberg Berit
Published: August 2024

Art-based leadership development, grounded in experiential learning, offers a learner-centered approach to leadership training by integrating relational, aesthetic and embodied dimensions. This systematic review investigates evidence on the outcomes of art-based leadership development, addressing the critical need for empirical validation of its effectiveness. A qualitative metasummary was employed to review 31 empirical studies published between 2008 and 2023. The studies were sourced from databases including Business Source Complete, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Quality Assessment for Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool was used to assess the studies. The analysis revealed that art-based methods significantly enhance reflective and reflexive practices, higher-order cognitive skills, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal competencies. Representing leader development, art-based initiatives facilitate holistic self-discovery and transformative shifts in mindset, offering a valuable complement to conventional skill-based approaches. Despite these promising benefits, the review highlights a need for more rigorous empirical studies, particularly longitudinal and quantitative research, to substantiate the long-term effectiveness of art-based methods.
Optimizing Timing of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy to Enhance Intravenous Carboplatin Concentration
Authors: Tamura Kohei , Kimura Natsuka , Ohzawa Hideyuki , Miyato Hideyo , Sata Naohiro , Koyanagi Takahiro , Saga Yasushi , Takei Yuji , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Nagai Ryozo , Kitayama Joji , Aizawa Kenichi
Published: August 2024

Despite advances in systemic chemotherapy, patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peritoneal metastases (PMs) continue to have poor prognoses. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of Paclitaxel (PTX) combined with systemic chemotherapy shows promise in treating PMs from GC. However, methods of drug administration need to be optimized to maximize efficacy. In this study, we utilized a mouse model with PMs derived from a human GC cell line, administering PTX either IP or intravenously (IV), and Carboplatin (CBDCA) IV 0, 1, and 4 days after PTX administration. The PMs were resected 30 min later, and concentrations of PTX and CBDCA in resected tumors were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that PTX concentrations were higher with IP administration than with IV administration, with significant differences observed on days 0 and 1. CBDCA concentrations 4 days post-IP PTX administration were higher than with simultaneous IV PTX administration. These findings suggest that IP PTX administration enhances CBDCA concentration in peritoneal tumors. Therefore, sequential IV administration of anti-cancer drugs appears more effective than simultaneous administration with IP PTX, a strategy that may improve prognoses for patients with PMs.
Epigenetics and Control of Tumor Angiogenesis in Melanoma: An Update with Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Sgarro Nicoletta , Casatta Nadia , Lupo Carmelo , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Ribatti Domenico
Published: August 2024

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a crucial process in the progression and metastasis of melanoma. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of epigenetic modifications in regulating angiogenesis. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, influence angiogenic pathways in melanoma. DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, can silence angiogenesis inhibitors such as thrombospondin-1 and TIMP3 while promoting pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Histone modifications, including methylation and acetylation, also play a pivotal role in regulating the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. For instance, the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with the upregulation of pro-angiogenic genes, whereas histone methylation patterns can either enhance or repress angiogenic signals, depending on the specific histone mark and context. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) further modulate angiogenesis. miRNAs, such as miR-210, have been identified as key regulators, with miR-9 promoting angiogenesis by targeting E-cadherin and enhancing the expression of VEGF. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications to inhibit angiogenesis in melanoma. Epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., 5-azacytidine) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (e.g., Vorinostat), have shown promise in preclinical models by reactivating angiogenesis inhibitors and downregulating pro-angiogenic factors. Moreover, the modulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs presents a novel approach for anti-angiogenic therapy.
Prognostic Significance of Elevated UCHL1, SNRNP200, and PAK4 Expression in High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from LC-MS/MS Analysis and Immunohistochemical Validation
Authors: Kasperczak Michał , Bromiński Gabriel , Kołodziejczak-Guglas Iga , Antczak Andrzej , Wiznerowicz Maciej
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in proteomics have enhanced our understanding of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Utilizing a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by immunohistochemical validation, we investigated the expression levels of UCHL1, PAK4, and SNRNP200 in high-grade CCRCC samples. Our analysis also integrated Reactome pathway enrichment to elucidate the roles of these proteins in cancer-related pathways. Our results revealed significant upregulation of UCHL1 and SNRNP200 and downregulation of PAK4 in high-grade CCRCC tissues compared to non-cancerous tissues. UCHL1, a member of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase family, showed variable expression across different tissues and was notably involved in the Akt signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cellular survival in various cancers. SNRNP200, a key component of the RNA splicing machinery, was found to be essential for proper cell cycle progression and possibly linked to autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. PAK4’s role was noted as critical in RCC cell proliferation and invasion and its expression correlated significantly with poor progression-free survival in CCRCC. Additionally, the expression patterns of these proteins suggested potential as prognostic markers for aggressive disease phenotypes. This study confirms the upregulation of UCHL1, SNRNP200, and PAK4 as significant factors in the progression of high-grade CCRCC, linking their enhanced expression to poor clinical outcomes. These findings propose these proteins as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in CCRCC, offering novel insights into the molecular landscape of this malignancy and highlighting the importance of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview
Authors: Soccio Piera , Quarato Carla Maria Irene , Tondo Pasquale , Lacedonia Donato , Hoxhallari Anela , Foschino Barbaro Maria Pia , Scioscia Giulia
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in asthma management include non-invasive methodologies such as sputum analysis, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). These techniques offer a means to assess airway inflammation, a critical feature of asthma, without invasive procedures. Sputum analysis provides detailed insights into airway inflammation patterns and cellular composition, guiding personalized treatment strategies. EBC collection, reflecting bronchoalveolar lining fluid composition, provides a non-invasive window into airway physiology. FeNO emerges as a pivotal biomarker, offering insights into eosinophilic airway inflammation and aiding in asthma diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and the prediction of exacerbation risks. Despite inherent limitations, each method offers valuable tools for a more comprehensive assessment of asthma. Combining these techniques with traditional methods like spirometry may lead to more personalized treatment plans and improved patient outcomes. Future research is crucial to refine protocols, validate biomarkers, and establish comprehensive guidelines in order to enhance asthma management with tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.
Catalytic Properties of Pd Deposited on Polyaniline in the Hydrogenation of Quinoline
Authors: Kompaniiets Olena O. , Subotin Vladyslav V. , Poturai Andrii S. , Yurchenko Aleksandr A. , Gorlova Alina A. , Bychko Igor B. , Kotenko Igor Ye. , Pariiska Olena O. , Ryabukhin Serhiy V. , Volochnyuk Dmytro M. , Kolotilov Sergey V.
Published: August 2024

A set of Pd-containing composites was prepared by the deposition of Pd on the following carriers: polyaniline (PANI); PANI doped by H2SO4; Norit GSX activated carbon or Aerosil (SiO2) coated by PANI or by H2SO4-doped PANI; PANI after thermal treatment at 300 °C in an atmosphere of H2. One sample was also prepared by the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of Pd2+· The decomposition of Pd was carried out via deposition from the solutions of Pd2+ salts or decomposition of Pd0 complex Pd2(dba)3, where dba is dibenzylideneacetone. The composites were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy. The hydrogenation of quinoline in the presence of composites was carried out; the catalytic performance of the composites was evaluated by the yield of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. It was found that the doping of PANI by H2SO4, inclusion of Norit GSX activated carbon as a component of the carrier or thermal treatment of PANI prior to the deposition of Pd led to significant increase in the catalytic performance of the composites in the hydrogenation of quinoline.
Optimizing Therapeutic Strategies for Syringomyelia Associated with Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mosleh Mohammad Mohsen , Sohn Moon-Jun
Published: August 2024

This review highlights the need for therapeutic guidelines for syringomyelia associated with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) caused by spinal dysraphism (SD). A comprehensive literature review was conducted, selecting twelve articles to analyze common therapeutic strategies. Surgical cord untethering alone has recently become a preferred treatment, with 45 ± 21.1% of patients experiencing remission or improvement, 47 ± 20.4% unchanged and asymptomatic, and 4 ± 8% worsened. Untethering with direct surgical drainage for the syrinx had better outcomes than untethering alone (78% vs. 45%, p = 0.05). Terminal syringostomy was beneficial for syrinxes extending to the filum terminale but not for asymptomatic small syrinxes with a syrinx index < 0.4. Syrinx shunting was recommended for symptomatic large syrinxes (>2 cm in length and syrinx index > 0.5). Various shunt procedures for syrinxes are still advocated, mainly for refractory syringomyelia in Chiari malformation, posttraumatic cases, SD, or other causes. Personalized surgical methods that address the root cause of syringomyelia, particularly those improving cerebrospinal fluid flow, offer promising results with minimized complications. Ongoing studies are required to enhance management strategies for syringomyelia associated with TCS, optimize patient outcomes, and reduce the risk of recurrent symptoms.
Digital Parenting Program: Enhancing Parenting and Reducing Child Behavior Problems
Authors: Altafim Elisa Rachel Pisani , de Oliveira Rebeca Cristina , Pluciennik Gabriela Aratangy , Marino Eduardo , Gaspardo Cláudia Maria
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Digital parenting programs using smartphone apps can support families in positive parenting and require evaluations of their effects, mainly in low- and middle-income countries with caregivers experiencing psychosocial vulnerabilities. The study evaluated the “Born Learning” digital parenting program on improving parenting practices, child prosocial behavior, and reducing the children’s externalizing behavior problems. Additionally, participants’ satisfaction and engagement with the program were evaluated. Methods: Brazilian primary caregivers of 3- to 6-year-old children totaling 91, participated in the “Born Learning” program and pre-, post-intervention, and five-month follow-up evaluations. Results: Most participants received cash transfers (64%) and reported some level of food insecurity (78%). The parenting coercive practices decreased from pre- to post-intervention, with maintenance in follow-up. Satisfaction with the role of parenting increased, and child conduct behavior problems decreased from pre-intervention to follow-up. Most participants found the program content very interesting and engaged adequately with the program strategies, such as messages and videos. Conclusions: The digital parenting program can support caregivers by enhancing parenting and decreasing child behavior problems, highlighting the potential for broader implementation in similar contexts.
The Enigmas of Tissue Closure: Inspiration from Drosophila
Authors: Huang Xiaoying , Su Zhongjing , Xie Xiao-Jun
Published: August 2024

Hollow structures are essential for development and physiological activity. The construction and maintenance of hollow structures never cease throughout the lives of multicellular animals. Epithelial tissue closure is the main strategy used by living organisms to build hollow structures. The high diversity of hollow structures and the simplicity of their development in Drosophila make it an excellent model for the study of hollow structure morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize the tissue closure processes in Drosophila that give rise to or maintain hollow structures and highlight the molecular mechanisms and distinct cell biology involved in these processes.
Identification of NAC Transcription Factors in Suaeda glauca and Their Responses to Salt Stress
Authors: Fu Xujun , Zhu Longmin , Yu Xiaomin , Yang Qinghua , Yuan Fengjie , Jin Hangxia
Published: August 2024

NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2) transcription factors regulate plant growth and development and stress responses. Because NAC transcription factors are known to play important roles in the regulation of salt tolerance in many plants, we aimed to explore their roles in the halophyte Suaeda glauca. Based on transcriptome sequencing data, we identified 25 NAC transcription factor gene family members. In a phylogenetic tree analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana NAC transcription factors, the SgNACs were divided into 10 groups. The physicochemical properties and conserved domains of the putative proteins, as well as the transcript profiles of their encoding genes, were determined for the 25 SgNAC genes using bioinformatic methods. Most of the S. glauca NAC genes were upregulated to some extent after 24 h of salt stress, suggesting that they play an important role in regulating the salt tolerance of S. glauca. These findings lay the foundation for further research on the functions and mechanisms of the NAC gene family in S. glauca.
Is Oxytocin a Contributor to Behavioral and Metabolic Features in Prader–Willi Syndrome?
Authors: Petersson Maria , Höybye Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder typically characterized by decreased social interaction, hyperphagia, poor behavioral control and temper tantrums, together with a high risk of morbid obesity unless food intake is controlled. The genetic defects that cause PWS include paternal 15q deletion (estimated in 60% of cases), chromosome 15 maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) (estimated in 35% of cases) and imprinting defects and translocations. Several studies indicate an oxytocin deficiency in PWS. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic nonapeptide with receptors located in the brain and in various other tissues in the body. It acts as a neuropeptide in several brain areas of great importance for behavioral and metabolic effects, as well as a neurohypophyseal hormone released into the circulation. Oxytocin in both rats and humans has strong and long-lasting behavioral and metabolic effects. Thus, an oxytocin deficiency might be involved in several of the behavioral and metabolic symptoms characterizing PWS. Treatment with oxytocin has, in some studies, shown improvement in psycho-social behavior and hyperphagia in individuals with PWS. This review focus on the behavioral and metabolic effects of oxytocin, the symptoms of a potential oxytocin deficiency in PWS and the effects of oxytocin treatment.