bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limb Salvage by Means of Hindfoot Arthrodesis Utilizing Bulk Allograft and External Fixation
Authors: Lindberg Carl Brandon , Lagisetti Rishika , Saxena Amol
Published: May 2024

Format

Retrospective Review.

Length of follow-up

18 months.

Classification

Rearfoot and Ankle Reconstruction.

Methodology

Level 4 Retrospective Review.

Procedures

A retrospective review was performed of 6 patients who had undergone limb salvage procedures between January 2016 and April 2019. Patients underwent surgery due to severe limb-threatening diagnosis including Charcot and/or osteomyelitis. Salvage arthrodesis was performed with bulk femoral head allograft incorporation using a hexapod external fixation system. The external fixation was retained for an average of 16 weeks. All patients were followed for a postoperative period of 16 months.

Results

Successful rearfoot arthrodesis and limb salvage was achieved in ⅚ (83%) of patients.

Discussion

This review demonstrates that limb salvage and arthrodesis are possible using femoral head allograft incorporation by external fixation alone. The involved patients had resolution of the osteomyelitis and Charcot deformity, salvage arthrodesis of the rearfoot and avoidance of a major limb amputation.

Levels of Evidence:

IV.
Airblast observations and near-field modeling of the large surface explosion coupling experiment
Authors: Vorobiev Oleg , Ford Sean
Published: May 2024

Seismoacoustic wave generation for two consecutive surface chemical explosions of the same yield (approximately 1 ton TNT-equivalent) was studied during the Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment (LSECE) conducted at Yucca Flat on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) site in alluvium geology. We have performed numerical simulations for both chemical explosions to investigate how the non-central source initiation, site topography and soil mechanical properties affect the evolution of the explosion (fireball and cloud), its crater, and variations in the generated blast waves. The results can be used to improve the understanding of surface explosions and their effects and how those effects can be used to infer source information such as explosive yield and emplacement. We find that the non-central detonation of the explosive cube results in non-axisymmetric blast overpressures which persist through the strong and weak shock regimes, in this case out to 200 m and more. The pattern of the secondary shock (i.e., shock created due to slowing explosive products within the expanding fireball) is also affected and its arrival relative to the main shock and may be indicative of explosive type due to its dependence on the explosive products ratio of heats. Small reflections are visible within the overpressure signal that are most probably due to small artifacts in blast path. Importantly, the fireball growth, cavity generation, and cloud formation also depart from spherical and ideal approximations due to ground interactions and material dependence, which shows the importance of realistic geomaterial models for accurate prediction. The asymmetry in peak overpressure is diminished for the second chemical explosion, which was placed in the crater of the first. Numerical modeling shows that the explosive jetting created by the non-central detonation is reduced upon interaction with the crater walls and this has the effect of making the blast generation more axisymmetric.
Evaluation of the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System, Jordan 2021
Authors: Khader Yousef , Al-Rahamneh Moad J , Abu Khudair Sara , Abaza Hiba , Al Shatnawi Ayah , Abuhmed Ibrahim , Saleh Abu Rumman Ahmad , Okkah Khaled , Mohammed Alghoul Suha , Falah Maia Ibrahim , Satyanarayana Srinath
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Evaluate and determine the gaps in the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System in Jordan.

Methods:

A concurrent embedded mixed quantitative/qualitative methods study was conducted to assess the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System in Jordan. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed based on the Updated CDC Guideline for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance System to collect necessary information from service providers and other stakeholders.

Results:

The National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System encounter various gaps and challenges across several critical domains, including infrastructure, human resources, National Tuberculosis Program functions, surveillance system performance, coordination, case findings, and data collection and notification. Regrettably, not all of the Tuberculosis Surveillance System’s objectives were successfully achieved in the past. Coordination of tuberculosis services has been repeatedly reported as inadequate. This deficiency manifests in the delay in diagnosing tuberculosis patients and, in some instances, misdiagnoses. The root cause is often traced back to insufficient knowledge of tuberculosis case definitions among healthcare providers at peripheral tuberculosis clinics. Additionally, a structured approach to active case finding is conspicuously absent. Furthermore, the tuberculosis management guidelines remain unfamiliar to many healthcare providers in tuberculosis centers, leaving them inadequately equipped to handle tuberculosis cases effectively. The utilization and analysis of the system’s data are also far from optimal. A glaring concern is the delay in tuberculosis case notifications received from the stakeholders involved in the Tuberculosis Surveillance System.

Conclusions:

Our study showed different gaps in the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance Systems across several areas. The structure of National Tuberculosis Program and the clinical expertise of human resources do not support tuberculosis elimination. An electronic data collection and notification system is essential to facilitate tuberculosis case detection, reporting, and follow-up. Decision-makers should push the tuberculosis epidemic on the national health agenda. Jordan should focus on allocating national and international resources for tuberculosis control programs.
Effect of transcutaneous neuromodulation on normalization of dermal body temperature and pain in a tender scar in the presence of low back pain: An update and case report
Authors: Molina-Payá Francisco J , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A. , Fernández-Carnero Samuel , Noguera-Iturbe Yolanda , Selva-Sarzo Francisco
Published: May 2024

Low back pain affects over 20% of individuals during their lifetime, and in some patients, it may be associated with scar tissue formation after surgery. Small-fiber neuropathy and scar tissue dysfunction can lead to localized pain by affecting signals to the thalamus. Transcutaneous neuromodulation using Tape with Magnetic Particles shows promise in relieving perceived pain, modulating vascularization and the autonomic nervous system, and reducing dermal temperature. In the present case, a 24-year-old woman with L5-S1 disk herniation experienced low back pain and leg pressure. The surgical intervention provided temporary relief, but scar restrictions caused pain recurrence. Tape with Magnetic Particles application initially induced scar hypothermia and pressure tolerance during posteroanterior tests on lumbar spinous processes increased, reducing pain perception for at least 12 h. Transcutaneous neuromodulation with Tape with Magnetic Particles modulated dermal temperature immediately and for 12 h, reducing perceived pain and sustaining improvement thereafter. This highlights the potential of Tape with Magnetic Particles in managing chronic low back pain associated with scar tissue.
Assessing the efficacy of clinical triage in the prostate cancer best practice pathway
Authors: Roberts Charlotte , Vaggers Sophie , Martin Linda , Elson Denise , Noble Alexandra , Carrinton Karen , Dyer James
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The Prostate Cancer UK timed prostate cancer diagnostic pathway is a new UK pathway to deliver a diagnosis within 28 days for patients with suspected prostate cancer. We aim to review our experience of implementing this pathway, in particular the success of clinical triage.

Subjects/patients (or materials) and methods:

We reviewed consecutive referrals to the prostate cancer best timed pathway from September 2019 to September 2020. Patients were triaged either straight to test multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) or straight to outpatient clinic. Inappropriate triage was defined as either: patients referred straight to test mpMRI who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and managed with watchful waiting or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or patients who were referred straight to clinic who subsequently had an mpMRI and underwent radical treatment.

Results:

A total of 154/155 (99.6%) of patients were appropriately triaged in the straight to mpMRI group. A total of 124/132 (94.0%) of patients were appropriately triaged in the straight to clinic group (patients who required review to ascertain if mpMRI was appropriate and then received radical treatment).

Conclusion:

The implementation of a consultant supervised triage process has been successful in avoiding unnecessary mpMRIs or unnecessary clinic appointments before a patient received a diagnosis or reassuring test. We advise that outcomes are audited regularly to ensure the effective use of resources.

Level of evidence:

2C
Successful treatment of non-pruritus, excessive hair shedding and scales in a cat due to Demodex gatoi with fluralaner topical spot-on
Authors: Chuenngam Thapanee , Chermprapai Suttiwee
Published: May 2024

Case summary

A 1-year-old female intact Scottish Fold cat was presented with a 1-month history of excessive hair shedding with white scales on the coat without pruritus. The cat lived mostly indoors and had no history of any systemic disease. Dermatological examinations were performed step by step. Several Demodex gatoi were identified from cellophane tape impressions from the scales and examined under a low-power objective (10×) microscope. Skin cytology showed keratinocytes without any microorganisms. Based on the findings, fluralaner (Bravecto for cats; MSD) spot-on was used once every 12 weeks for ectoparasiticidal control. An essential fatty acid supplement was recommended to repair and restore the coat and skin barrier. After 4 weeks of treatment, the cat showed substantial improvement, with a normal coat and no scales. Re-examination using a cellophane tape impression for mites was negative. Ectoparasitic control is highly recommended regularly for the treatment and prevention of ectoparasites.

Relevance and novel information

Feline demodicosis is an uncommon parasitic dermatosis with primary clinical signs that may cause generalised or localised dermatitis with frequent pruritus, erythema and alopecia. The aims of this study were to report on dermatological lesions with excessive hair shedding and scales in a cat that were caused by demodicosis, without presenting the main clinical sign of pruritus or overgrooming. In addition, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the successful treatment of demodicosis due to D gatoi infestation with fluralaner single spot-on in an off-label use that was safe and easy to apply clinically.
Reaching the Top of Data Mountain: Postsecondary Students With Disabilities Use Data to Improve Fluency
Authors: Didion Lisa , Bruno Lauren , Marshall Gianna , Immerfall Jordan , Kunkel Amanda , McGinn Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Intervention studies focused on improving reading outcomes are scarce for postsecondary students with disabilities. Historically, comprehensive transition and postsecondary education programs (CTPs) for students with disabilities focused on employment, living, personal, and social skills over academic instruction. Recently, there is an emphasis to teach self-determination skills in postsecondary settings. For students in K–12, self-determination interventions positively impact academic outcomes. The present study tested the effects of a self-determination learning program—Data Mountain—on the oral reading fluency (ORF) of students with disabilities enrolled in a CTP. Using a feasibility study, 40 postsecondary students with disabilities were assigned to receive Data Mountain or progress monitoring activities only (comparison condition). Preliminary evidence from hierarchical linear modeling indicated Data Mountain students read an average of 20 more words per minute with a growth rate twice that of comparison students ( p < .01). Findings provide evidence that postsecondary students with disabilities exhibit continued improvement on ORF progress monitoring.
Self-Efficacy Effects on Symptom Experiences in Daily Life and Early Treatment Success in Anxiety Patients
Authors: Paersch Christina , Recher Dominique , Schulz Ava , Henninger Mirka , Schlup Barbara , Künzler Florian , Homan Stephanie , Kowatsch Tobias , Fisher Aaron J. , Horn Andrea B. , Kleim Birgit
Published: May 2024

Self-efficacy is a key construct in behavioral science affecting mental health and psychopathology. Here, we expand on previously demonstrated between-persons self-efficacy effects. We prompted 66 patients five times daily for 14 days before starting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to provide avoidance, hope, and perceived psychophysiological-arousal ratings. Multilevel logistic regression analyses confirmed self-efficacy’s significant effects on avoidance in daily life (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.34, 0.84], p = .008) and interaction effects with anxiety in predicting perceived psychophysiological arousal ( OR = 0.79, 95% CI = [0.62, 1.00], p = .046) and hope ( OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.42], p = .02). More self-efficacious patients also reported greater anxiety-symptom reduction early in treatment. Our findings assign a key role to self-efficacy for daily anxiety-symptom experiences and for early CBT success. Self-efficacy interventions delivered in patients’ daily lives could help improve treatment outcome.
Stress and Satisfaction While Working from  Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic:  The Role of Personal and Job Resources
Authors: Ukil Minhajul Islam , Ullah Muhammad Shariat , Islam Muhaiminul , Tariq Hussain , Agarwal Ankit
Published: May 2024

This study investigates how perceived work from home (WFH) stress affects job and life satisfaction and the role of specific personal and job resources in stress and job and life satisfaction for WFH employees. The rising demand for WFH due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in employees’ job and overall life satisfaction. We conducted a quantitative survey of 283 first-time WFH employees in Bangladesh, applied the job demands–resources (JD-R) and conservation of resources (COR) theories, and employed a partial least squares–structural equation model. The results indicate that high stress resulting from WFH reduces job and life satisfaction; under such unusual work conditions, job satisfaction is a strong predictor of life satisfaction. Moreover, the effects of personal resources, such as job competence and perceived hope, on life satisfaction become operational through perceived supervisor support, perceived WFH stress and job satisfaction. Our study contributed to the literature by applying the JD-R and COR theories in a new WFH context to suggest that job resources, such as perceived supervisor support, become more effective when an employee is exposed to WFH for the first time, and some personal resources, such as job competence, become dependent on job resources.
Ultrasound-Guided Subfascial Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Versus Enthesis Needling for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Atilano Leire , Martin Nerea , Ignacio Martin Jose , Iglesias Gotzon , Mendiola Josu , Bully Paola , Aiyegbusi Ayoola , Manuel Rodriguez-Palomo Jose , Andia Isabel
Published: May 2024

Background:

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is characterized by gluteal enthesopathy involving the peritrochanteric space and associated with chronic pain and functional impairment. A corticosteroid injection in the trochanteric bursa is the usual palliative treatment for pain. However, it is important to investigate treatment options that will relieve pain in the peritrochanteric space.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical efficacy of subfascial platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection and enthesis needling for GTPS.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 92 patients (90% women; mean age, 55 years old; mean body mass index, 25.3 kg/m2) were randomly divided into a subfascial PRP injection group and an enthesis needling group. Descriptive data and radiographic measurements of the pelvis—including leg-length difference, pelvic width difference, and pelvic trochanteric index—were recorded. The primary outcome measures were the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) activities of daily living (HOS-ADL) and sports-specific (HOS-SS) subscales and the visual analog scale for pain at 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment. In addition, we evaluated the presence or absence of ultrasound characteristics (fascia nodules, trochanteric bursa distension, and calcium deposits) over time in response to treatment.

Results:

Baseline demographic and radiological characteristics were similar between the groups. The PRP group saw significantly greater improvement from baseline to 12 months posttreatment on the HOS-SS subscore compared with the needling group (32.09 [95% CI, 28.99-40.20] vs 20.52 [95% CI, 11.99-29.05]; P = .048). At 3 months, 60% of patients in the PRP group versus 33.3% in the needling group had a reduction in pain compared with a baseline of >20% ( P = .040). After subfascial PRP injection, fewer patients had a fascia nodule over the trochanter and/or bursa distension ( P = .006 and P = .004, respectively). The pelvic trochanteric index was predictive of HOS-ADL and HOS-SS outcomes ( P = .011 and P = .022, respectively). The interaction between treatment modality and fascia nodule influenced HOS-ADL and HOS-SS outcomes ( P = .021 and P = .023) as well as the interactions of treatment modality, fascia nodules, and calcifications ( P = .027).

Conclusion:

Both subfascial PRP injection and enthesis needling resulted in clinical improvements, but the improvement in the HOS-SS was greater in the PRP group.

Registration:

NCT04231357 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Will the EU AI Regulations Give Rise to Another ‘Brussels Effect’? Lessons from the GDPR
Authors: Tarafder Agnidipto , Vadlamani Aniruddh
Published: May 2024

The pre-eminence of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in regulating the business of data collection, processing and transfer cannot be understated. It has come to serve as the model for laws in several non-EU jurisdictions who share in the EU’s concerns about citizens’ data being harnessed by Big Tech in particular. This article explores the GDPR’s outsized impact in the sphere of data regulation, the conflict between the contrasting models of regulation adopted by the EU and the United States and comments on the possibility of the AI regulations becoming what the GDPR is for data. It further delves into the possibility of this approach being followed by countries like India, where government efforts to integrate AI-based innovation and entrepreneurship have led to the possibility of newer regulatory approaches being adopted.
Turkish Airlines: A New Era After the Pandemic
Authors: Genc Omer F. , Capar Nejat , Ahmed Zafar U.
Published: May 2024

Turkish Airlines has been one of the fastest-growing airlines in the past two decades. An aggressive growth strategy combined with a favourable environment helped the company to become one of the major players in the world airline industry. The global COVID pandemic between 2020 and 2022 had an enormous negative effect on the airline industry worldwide. Turkish Airlines, which has been a fast-growing airline in recent years, has also been affected tremendously by this worldwide pandemic. In addition, there have been additional challenges faced by Turkish Airlines such as increased competition from other regional players, lower economic growth as well as emerging new regulations about fuel efficiency and emissions. All these factors have put Turkish Airlines at crossroad to make some critical strategic decisions. How should the company design its strategy in this new post-pandemic era? Can it continue to grow with its existing strategy? What are the limits and risks of the aggressive growth strategy it has been following? Is there a need for changing its strategy? What should be the priorities? Like many other airline companies, these decisions will shape the future as well as the nature of competition of the airline industry.
How I manage pregnant patients who are alloimmunized to RBC antigens
Authors: Savoia Helen Frances , Parakh Anna , Kane Stefan Charles
Published: May 2024

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) remains an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. HDFN is caused by maternal alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) antigens. This article describes and highlights issues in the care of pregnant women with red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization. This includes monitoring for, and management of fetal anemia caused by maternal red cell alloantibodies, but also considerations for transfusion support for the woman in the event of major bleeding. Many aspects of care for women with RBC alloantibodies are not covered within specific guidelines, particularly with respect to best practice for antenatal management of women with prior significant obstetric morbidity or mortality due to HDFN, and we will outline our approach in these cases. The use of non-invasive monitoring for fetal anemia through measurement of the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity has led to a paradigm shift in antenatal care for women with high-risk antibodies, and medical therapies hold promise for women with the most severe disease.-
Polyphyllin I alleviates neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via facilitating autophagy-mediated M2 microglial polarization
Authors: Kang Chunyang , Sang Qiuling , Liu Dingxi , Wang Libo , Li Jia , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: May 2024

Microglial activation and polarization play a central role in poststroke inflammation and neuronal damage. Modulating microglial polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Polyphyllin I (PPI), a steroidal saponin, shows multiple bioactivities in various diseases, but the potential function of PPI in cerebral ischemia is not elucidated yet. In our study, the influence of PPI on cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury was evaluated. Mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were constructed to mimic cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. TTC staining, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, hanging wire test, rotarod test and foot-fault test, open-field test and Morris water maze test were performed in our study. We found that PPI alleviated cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and neuroinflammation, and improved functional recovery of mice after MCAO. PPI modulated microglial polarization towards anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in MCAO mice in vivo and post OGD/R in vitro. Besides, PPI promoted autophagy via suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling in microglia, while inhibition of autophagy abrogated the effect of PPI on M2 microglial polarization after OGD/R. Furthermore, PPI facilitated autophagy-mediated ROS clearance to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, and NLRP3 inflammasome reactivation by nigericin abolished the effect of PPI on M2 microglia polarization. In conclusion, PPI alleviated post-stroke neuroinflammation and tissue damage via increasing autophagy-mediated M2 microglial polarization. Our data suggested that PPI had potential for ischemic stroke treatment.
Does pain self-efficacy predict, moderate or mediate outcomes in people with chronic headache; an exploratory analysis of the CHESS trial
Authors: Hee Siew Wan , Patel Shilpa , Sandhu Harbinder , Matharu Manjit S. , Underwood Martin ,   on behalf of the CHESS Team, Achana Felix , Carnes Dawn , Eldridge Sandra , Ellard David R. , Griffiths Frances E. , Haywood Kirstie , Hee Siew Wan , Higgins Helen , Mistry Manjit S. Matharu Dipesh , Mistry Hema , Newton Sian , Nichols Vivien P. , Norman Chloe , Padfield Emma , Patel Shilpa , Petrou Stavros , Pincus Tamar , Potter Rachel , Sandhu Harbinder , Stewart Kimberley , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Underwood Martin
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic headache disorders are disabling. The CHESS trial studied the effects of a short non-pharmacological intervention of education with self-management support for people affected by migraine and/or tension type headache for at least 15 days per month for at least three months. There were no statistically significant effects on the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) at 12-months. However, we observed improvement in pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ) and short-term HIT-6. We explored the impact of the CHESS intervention on PSEQ, and subsequently, on the HIT-6 and chronic headache quality of life questionnaire (CH-QLQ) at four, eighth and 12 months.

Methods

We included all 736 participants from the CHESS trial. We used simple linear regression models to explore the change of HIT-6 and CH-QLQ with treatment and PSEQ at baseline (predictor analysis), and the interaction between treatment and baseline PSEQ (moderator analysis). We considered the change of PSEQ from baseline to four months as a mediator in the mediation analysis.

Results

Baseline PSEQ neither predicted nor moderated outcomes. The prediction effect on change of HIT-6 from baseline to 12 months was 0.01 (95% CI, -0.03 to 0.04) and the interaction (moderation) effect was −0.07 (95% CI, -0.15 to 0.002). However, the change of PSEQ from baseline to 4-month mediated the HIT-6 (baseline to 8-, and 12-month) and all components of CH-QLQ (baseline to 8-, and 12-month). The CHESS intervention improved the mediated variable, PSEQ, by 2.34 (95% CI, 0.484 to 4.187) units and this corresponds to an increase of 0.21 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45) units in HIT-6 at 12-months. The largest mediated effect was observed on the CH-QLQ Emotional Function, an increase of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.22 to 2.20).

Conclusions

PSEQ was not an effective predictor of outcome. However, change of short-term PSEQ mediated all outcomes, albeit minimally. Future behavioural therapy for chronic headache may need to consider how to achieve larger, and more sustained increases level of self-efficacy than that achieved within the CHESS trial.

Trial registration

ISRCTN79708100.
The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management
Authors: Ullah Amin , Jiao Wang , Shen Bairong
Published: May 2024

Reproductive cancers are malignancies that develop in the reproductive organs. One of the leading cancers affecting the male reproductive system on a global scale is prostate cancer (PCa). The negative consequences of PCa metastases endure and are severe, significantly affecting mortality and life quality for those who are affected. The association between inflammation and PCa has captured interest for a while. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, CXC chemokines, signaling pathways, and other elements make up the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are especially crucial for PCa development and prognosis. Cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL1–CXCL6, and CXCL8–CXCL16 are thought to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of PCa, which include inflammation, progression, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration in advanced PCa, and therapeutic resistance. The inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokines systems are also promising candidates for PCa suppression and immunotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide insight on how the spectra of inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines evolve as PCa develops and spreads. We also discussed recent developments in our awareness of the diverse molecular signaling pathways of these circulating cytokines and CXC chemokines, as well as their associated receptors, which may one day serve as PCa-targeted therapies. Moreover, the current status and potential of theranostic PCa therapies based on cytokines, CXC chemokines, and CXC receptors (CXCRs) are examined.
Delivery rate alters the effects of tire wear particles on soil microbial activities
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Kim Shin Woong , Li Huiying , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Tire wear particles (TWPs) produced by the abrasion between tires and road surfaces have been recognized as an emerging threat to soil health globally in recent years. They can be transported from the road surface to adjacent soil at different delivery rates, with precipitation a main driver underpinning this movement. However, studies typically assume an abrupt exposure of TWPs in their experimental design. In this study, we investigated the impacts of abrupt and gradual delivery of TWPs on soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities. We used two different delivery rates of TWPs (abrupt and gradual) and devised two experimental phases, namely the TWPs-delivery period (phase 1) and the end-of-delivery period (phase 2).

Results

We found that the gradual TWPs delivery treatments negatively influenced the activity of carbon cycle-related enzymes (β-glucosidase and β-D-1,4-cellobiosidase). Furthermore, the abrupt treatment highly increased the effects on nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activity (β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase). In phase 2 (end-of-delivery period), each enzyme activity was returned to a similar level as the control group, and these changes between phases 1 and 2 depended on the prior delivery rates.

Conclusion

Abruptly and gradually delivered TWPs induce different responses to soil microbial activities. Our findings imply that the delivery rate of TWPs could be a key factor changing the effects of TWPs, further enhancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of TWPs.

Graphical Abstract
Common variation in a long non-coding RNA gene modulates variation of circulating TGF-β2 levels in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (Alliance)
Authors: Quintanilha Julia C.F. , Sibley Alexander B. , Liu Yingmiao , Niedzwiecki Donna , Halabi Susan , Rogers Layne , O’Neil Bert , Kindler Hedy , Kelly William , Venook Alan , McLeod Howard L. , Ratain Mark J. , Nixon Andrew B. , Innocenti Federico , Owzar Kouros
Published: May 2024

Background

Herein, we report results from a genome-wide study conducted to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for circulating angiogenic and inflammatory protein markers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study was conducted using genotype, protein marker, and baseline clinical and demographic data from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance), a randomized phase III study designed to assess outcomes of adding VEGF or EGFR inhibitors to systemic chemotherapy in mCRC patients. Germline DNA derived from blood was genotyped on whole-genome array platforms. The abundance of protein markers was quantified using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from plasma derived from peripheral venous blood collected at baseline. A robust rank-based method was used to assess the statistical significance of each variant and protein pair against a strict genome-wide level. A given pQTL was tested for validation in two external datasets of prostate (CALGB 90401) and pancreatic cancer (CALGB 80303) patients. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to further establish biological bases for these findings.

Results

The final analysis was carried out based on data from 540,021 common typed genetic variants and 23 protein markers from 869 genetically estimated European patients with mCRC. Correcting for multiple testing, the analysis discovered a novel cis-pQTL in LINC02869, a long non-coding RNA gene, for circulating TGF-β2 levels (rs11118119; AAF = 0.11; P-value < 1.4e-14). This finding was validated in a cohort of 538 prostate cancer patients from CALGB 90401 (AAF = 0.10, P-value < 3.3e-25). The analysis also validated a cis-pQTL we had previously reported for VEGF-A in advanced pancreatic cancer, and additionally identified trans-pQTLs for VEGF-R3, and cis-pQTLs for CD73.

Conclusions

This study has provided evidence of a novel cis germline genetic variant that regulates circulating TGF-β2 levels in plasma of patients with advanced mCRC and prostate cancer. Moreover, the validation of previously identified pQTLs for VEGF-A, CD73, and VEGF-R3, potentiates the validity of these associations.
Comprehensive analysis of silk proteins and gland compartments in Limnephilus lunatus, a case-making trichopteran
Authors: Rouhova Lenka , Zurovcova Martina , Hradilova Miluse , Sery Michal , Sehadova Hana , Zurovec Michal
Published: May 2024

Caddisfly larvae produce silk containing heavy and light fibroins, similar to the silk of Lepidoptera, for the construction of underwater structures. We analyzed the silk of Limnephilus lunatus belonging to the case-forming suborder Integripalpia. We analyzed the transcriptome, mapped the transcripts to a reference genome and identified over 80 proteins using proteomic methods, and checked the specificity of their expression. For comparison, we also analyzed the transcriptome and silk proteome of Limnephilus flavicornis. Our results show that fibroins and adhesives are produced together in the middle and posterior parts of the silk glands, while the anterior part produces enzymes and an unknown protein AT24. The number of silk proteins of L. lunatus far exceeds that of the web-spinning Plectrocnemia conspersa, a previously described species from the suborder Annulipalpia. Our results support the idea of increasing the structural complexity of silk in rigid case builders compared to trap web builders.
Genomic analysis uncovers novel candidate genes related to adaptation to tropical climates and milk production traits in native goats
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Asadollahpour Nanaei Hojjat , Jafarpour Negari Niloufar , Amiri Roudbar Mahmoud , Amiri Ghanatsaman Zeinab , Niyazbekova Zhannur , Yang Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

Background

Since domestication, both evolutionary forces and human selection have played crucial roles in producing adaptive and economic traits, resulting in animal breeds that have been selected for specific climates and different breeding goals. Pakistani goat breeds have acquired genomic adaptations to their native climate conditions, such as tropical and hot climates. In this study, using next-generation sequencing data, we aimed to assess the signatures of positive selection in three native Pakistani goats, known as milk production breeds, that have been well adapted to their local climate.

Results

To explore the genomic relationship between studied goat populations and their population structure, whole genome sequence data from native goat populations in Pakistan (n = 26) was merged with available worldwide goat genomic data (n = 184), resulting in a total dataset of 210 individuals. The results showed a high genetic correlation between Pakistani goats and samples from North-East Asia. Across all populations analyzed, a higher linkage disequilibrium (LD) level (– 0.59) was found in the Pakistani goat group at a genomic distance of 1 Kb. Our findings from admixture analysis (K = 5 and K = 6) showed no evidence of shared genomic ancestry between Pakistani goats and other goat populations from Asia. The results from genomic selection analysis revealed several candidate genes related to adaptation to tropical/hot climates (such as; KITLG, HSPB9, HSP70, HSPA12B, and HSPA12B) and milk production related-traits (such as IGFBP3, LPL, LEPR, TSHR, and ACACA) in Pakistani native goat breeds.

Conclusions

The results from this study shed light on the structural variation in the DNA of the three native Pakistani goat breeds. Several candidate genes were discovered for adaptation to tropical/hot climates, immune responses, and milk production traits. The identified genes could be exploited in goat breeding programs to select efficient breeds for tropical/hot climate regions.
Seed germination demonstrates inter-annual variations in alkaline tolerance: a case study in perennial Leymus chinensis
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Ma Hongyuan , Li Shaoyang , Qi Wenwen
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

The escalating issue of soil saline-alkalization poses a growing global challenge. Leymus chinensis is a perennial grass species commonly used in the establishment and renewal of artificial grasslands that is relatively tolerant of saline, alkaline, and drought conditions. Nonetheless, reduced seed setting rates limit its propagation, especially on alkali-degraded grassland. Inter-annual variations have an important effect on seed yield and germination under abiotic stress, and we therefore examined the effect of planting year on seed yield components of L. chinensis.

Methods

We grew transplanted L. chinensis seedlings in pots for two (Y2), three (Y3), or four (Y4) years and collected spikes for measurement of seed yield components, including spike length, seed setting rate, grain number per spike, and thousand seed weight. We then collected seeds produced by plants from different planting years and subjected them to alkaline stress (25 mM Na2CO3) for measurement of germination percentage and seedling growth.

Results

The seed setting rate of L. chinensis decreased with an increasing number of years in pot cultivation, but seed weight increased. Y2 plants had a higher seed setting rate and more grains per spike, whereas Y4 plants had a higher thousand seed weight. The effects of alkaline stress (25 mM Na2CO3) on seed germination were less pronounced for the heavier seeds produced by Y4 plants. Na2CO3 caused a 9.2% reduction in shoot length for seedlings derived from Y4 seeds but a 22.3% increase in shoot length for seedlings derived from Y3 seeds.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate significant differences in seed yield components among three planting years of L. chinensis under pot cultivation in a finite space. Inter-annual variation in seed set may provide advantages to plants. Increased alkalinity tolerance of seed germination was observed for seeds produced in successive planting years.
Risk factors and clinical prediction models for prolonged mechanical ventilation after heart valve surgery
Authors: Yang Heng , Kong Leilei , Lan Wangqi , Yuan Chen , Huang Qin , Tang Yanhua
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a common complication following cardiac surgery linked to unfavorable patient prognosis and increased mortality. This study aimed to search for the factors associated with the occurrence of PMV after valve surgery and to develop a risk prediction model.

Methods

The patient cohort was divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of PMV post-surgery. Comprehensive preoperative and intraoperative clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors contributing to the incidence of PMV. Based on the logistic regression results, a clinical nomogram was developed.

Results

The study included 550 patients who underwent valve surgery, among whom 62 (11.27%) developed PMV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.082, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.042–1.125; P < 0.000), current smokers (OR = 1.953, 95% CI = 1.007–3.787; P = 0.047), left atrial internal diameter index (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.002–1.081; P = 0.041), red blood cell count (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.275–0.876; P = 0.016), and aortic clamping time (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.005–1.057; P < 0.017) independently influenced the occurrence of PMV. A nomogram was constructed based on these factors. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782 and an accuracy of 0.884.

Conclusion

Age, current smokers, left atrial diameter index, red blood cell count, and aortic clamping time are independent risk factors for PMV in patients undergoing valve surgery. Furthermore, the nomogram based on these factors demonstrates the potential for predicting the risk of PMV in patients following valve surgery.
Diagnostic value of BHI-V4 for heterogeneous and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Xin , Zhou Juntong , Yuan Fan , Ma Jingxin , Guo Shuilong , Su Jianrong
Published: May 2024

Background

Brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 4 µg/mL of vancomycin (BHI-V4) was commonly used for the detection of heterogeneous (hVISA) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). However, its diagnostic value remains unclear. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BHI-V4 with population analysis profiling with area under the curve (PAP-AUC) in hVISA/VISA.

Methods

The protocol of this study was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY2023120069). The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to October 2023. Review Manager 5.4 was used for data visualization in the quality assessment, and STATA17.0 (MP) was used for statistical analysis.

Results

In total, eight publications including 2153 strains were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity was evident although a threshold effect was not detected across the eight studies. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.81). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic score and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.59 (95% CI: 0.46–0.71), 0.96 (95%CI: 0.83–0.99), 14.0 (95% CI, 3.4–57.1), 0.43 (95%CI, 0.32–0.57), 3.48(95%CI, 2.12–4.85) and 32.62 (95%CI, 8.31-128.36), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study showed that BHI-V4 had moderate diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing hVISA/VISA. However, more high-quality studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of BHI-V4.
The intake of solid fat and cheese may be associated with a reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection status: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999–2000
Authors: Zhang Huan , Xu Chao , Zhang Ju , Yin Jumei , Yao Nuo , Pang Qimeng , Liu Zhihua , Wang Chenchen , Shi Yongquan , Shang Lei , Han Zheyi
Published: May 2024

Background

Diet plays an important role in Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and our objective was to investigate potential connections between dietary patterns, specific food groups, and HP infection status in U.S. adults.

Methods

The data for this study was obtained from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Survey) database for the year 1999–2000. This cross-sectional study involved the selection of adults aged 20 years and older who had undergone dietary surveys and HP testing. Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between these dietary patterns and specific food groups with HP infection status.

Result

Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, our final analysis included 2,952 individuals. The median age of participants was 51.0 years, and 48.7% were male. In the study population, the overall prevalence of HP infection was 44.9%. Factor analysis revealed three distinct dietary patterns: High-fat and high-sugar pattern (including solid fats, refined grains, cheese, and added sugars); Vegetarian pattern (comprising fruits, juices, and whole grains); Healthy pattern (encompassing vegetables, nuts and seeds, and oils). Adjusted results showed that the high-fat and high-sugar pattern (OR = 0.689, 95% CI: 0.688–0.690), vegetarian pattern (OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.801–0.803), and healthy pattern (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716–0.718) were all linked to a lower likelihood of HP infection. Further analysis of the high-fat and high-sugar pattern revealed that solid fats (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716–0.718) and cheese (OR = 0.863, 95% CI: 0.862–0.864) were protective factors against HP infection, while refined grains (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.044–1.046) and added sugars (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.013–1.015) were identified as risk factors for HP infection.

Conclusion

Both the Vegetarian pattern and the Healthy pattern are associated with a reduced risk of HP infection. Interestingly, the High-fat and High-sugar pattern, which is initially considered a risk factor for HP infection when the score is low, becomes a protective factor as the intake increases. Within this pattern, animal foods like solid fats and cheese play a protective role, while the consumption of refined grains and added sugars increases the likelihood of HP infection.
Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation on postural balance in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: do Amaral Carla Marineli Saraiva , de Almeida Samuel Brito , de Almeida Renata Parente , do Nascimento Simony Lira , Ribeiro Rodrigo Mariano , Braga-Neto Pedro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Postural balance impairment can affect the quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies have described connections of the vestibular system with postural functions, suggesting a potential participation of the basal ganglia in receiving vestibular stimuli. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation on postural balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using the electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PEDro. The study selection was independently conducted by two reviewers, and disagreements were evaluated by a third reviewer. The included studies had no restrictions on publication dates or languages and the last update occurred in July 2023.

Results

From the 485 studies found in the searches, only 3 studies were deemed eligible for the systematic review involving a total of 130 participants. The Berg Balance Scale was described as the tool for evaluation of postural balance in all studies. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant results in favor of vestibular rehabilitation (MD = 5.35; 95% CI = 2.39, 8.31; P < 0.001), regardless of the stage of Parkinson’s disease. Although the effect size was suggested as a useful functional gain, the analysis was done with caution, as it only included 3 randomized controlled trials. The risk of bias using the RoB-2 was considered as being of “some concern” in all studies. Furthermore, the quality of the evidence based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system, produced by pooling the included studies was considered very low.

Conclusion

Compared to other interventions, vestibular rehabilitation has potential to assist the postural balance of patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, the very low quality of the evidence demonstrates uncertainty about the impact of this clinical practice. More robust studies are needed to confirm the benefits of this therapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020210185.