bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Telfairia occidentalis on Albino Rats
Authors: M.S AbdulRauf , A.A Turaki , A.B Yusuf
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study investigated the phytochemical contents and toxicological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis on albino rats.
Study Design: Toxicological study.
Place and Duration of the study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Federal University, Birnn Kebbi, Kebbi State Nigeia, Between July to October, 2024.
Methodology: Twenty (20) albino rats of both sexes were randomized into four (A, B, C and D) different groups of five (5) animals each. Group A was given distilled water, group B was administered with 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis, Group C was administered 300mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis and Group D was administered 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis orally for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and blood sample was collected for haematological and biochemical analyses.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Saponins, Tannins, Terpenoids and Carbohydrate. A significant (p < 0.05) increased in the weight of the experimental rats compared to the control group was observed in all the groups treated with aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis. Oral administration of different doses of T. occidentalis to the experimental rats significantly (p<0.05) increased the concentration of RBC, HCT, GRA, PLT, LYM, MCV, MCH, Hb and WBC in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control. Administration of different doses of T. occidentalis causes significant decreased (P<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, TB and DB levels while significant increased (p<0.05) of TP and albumin concentration were observed when compared with control. Similarly, administration of different doses of T. occidentalis significantly (p<0.05) decreased the concentration of Urea, Creatinine, Na+ and K+ while the concentration of Cl- was significantly (p<0.05) increased in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings showed that the aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis is relatively non-toxic at acute exposure doses exceeding 5000 mg/kg and exhibits potential anti-anemic effects.
Stability and Sustainability Indices for Water Conservation in Fruit Crop Cultivation: Strategies for Mitigation and Resource Optimization
Authors: Dhiman Ridhima , Bodh Suman
Published: February 2025

Water scarcity has become a worldwide challenge that affects agricultural productivity and food security. Fruit crop production is among the most water-dependent crops, necessitating high amounts of water inputs. Increasing climatic variability dictates the need for effective water conservation to ensure sustainability in fruit production. Stability indices measure the capacity of farming systems to adapt to changes in water availability, whereas sustainability indices evaluate long-term resource use based on environmental, social, and economic factors. Many strategies are available to conserve water, such as precision irrigation, agroecological practices, and soil moisture management, which help improve water-use efficiency. Drip irrigation, mulching, and agroforestry improve the retention of water in the soil while rainwater harvesting and the use of drought-resistant crop varieties augment the effort of conserving water. Community engagement and policy-driven approaches further complement adequate resource allocation and climate resilience. An integration of stability and sustainability indices with innovative farming techniques facilitates the optimization of water usage in the production of fruit crops through this review. This would ensure long-term water security, with environmentally responsible agriculture, by adopting efficient irrigation systems, conservation practices, and strategic water management policies. Productivity and resource conservation balance are crucial for supporting future food security and sustainable horticultural development. This review explores water management which encompasses a wide range of activities, from increasing productivity and soil health to minimizing climate risks and encouraging community participation, each to guarantee the long-term viability of fruit crop farming.
The Study on Growth and Yield Attributing Characteristics of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Using Foliar Spray of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)
Authors: Kumari Anop , Jat A.S. , Choudhary Mahesh , Choudhary Mamta Devi
Published: February 2025

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.), is one of the most important spice crops in India. It is widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add hot flavour to dishes and sauces. The production of chilli is affected by several factors governed not only by the inherent genetic factors but also by several environmental factors and management practices. Therefore, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar, Nagaur-II, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India) initiated to conduct On Farm Testing (OFT) forassess the effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) ongrowth and yield Attributing characteristics of chilli. The present OFT was carried out at 20 farmers fields of Nagaur district of Rajasthan under supervision of KVK, Nagaur-II, Rajasthan during Zaid season of two consecutive years i.e., 2020-21 and 2021-22. The pooled data of both the years indicated that the foliar spray of naphthalene acetic acid @ 20 PPM increased plant height (70.45 cm), number of branches/plant (14.15), fruit set (49.42%), fruit length (8.40 cm), fruit weight (3.65 g), number of fruits/plant (133.55), fruit yield (292.50 q/ha), net return (₹ 345100) and benefit cost ratio (4.68) as compared to farmers practices (no use of PGR).It isalso observed that days taken to first harvest was almost two weeks earlier with the spray ofNAA. It was 84.50 days after transplanting in treatment (NAA @ 20 PPM) whereas; it was maximum (97.35 days) in control.
Advancing Groundwater Remediation: Efficacy of Slow-release Permanganate Gels (SRPG) in Treating Contaminant Plumes
Authors: Egware Abel Emamezi
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the slow-release permanganate gels (SRPG) as a technique for the remediation of contaminant plumes in aquifers to afford an improved degree of groundwater quality and reduced environmental risks.
Study Design: Experimental and modeling studies were reviewed to assess the oxidation capacity, release kinetics, and field applicability of SRPG for the remediation of groundwater. The review included literature from 2019 to 2024, focusing on the latest techniques and challenges in the field.
Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria ensured that the selected articles were limited to those that were peer-reviewed discussing mechanisms, hydrogeologic applications, and contaminant mitigation involving SRPG. Experimental setup, numerical models, and field data were considered in order to assess performance and scalability for various usage of SRPG.
Results: The review identified 5 effective studies on SRPG in reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater. Key factors for remediation success were increased oxidation capacity, longer release kinetics, and improved spatial distribution. One notable finding was a 75% reduction in trichloroethylene concentrations within six months of SRPG application in a pilot-scale study. Field applications reported significant contaminant reduction in heterogeneous aquifer systems, supporting the scalability of SRPG technology.
Conclusions: SRPG is a promising low-cost and sustainable method for groundwater remediation, particularly in complex aquifer systems. This study points to the need for future studies with regard to optimization of the gel formulations concerning long-term environmental impacts and the ability to biodegrade in environmental conditions toward globally sustainable water resources management.
Addressing Diet-related Non-communicable Diseases in Ghana: Nutritional Knowledge and Cooking Practices of Fast-food Vendors in Kumasi Metropolis
Authors: Brenyah Florence , Sampson Gilbert Owiah , Sackar Samuel Akwei , Salam Nafisatu , Pumpuni Claudia M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Fast-food vendors play a crucial role in meal preparation and provision for a significant portion of the population. However, little is known about their nutritional knowledge and practices, particularly in relation to diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The study therefore assesses the nutritional knowledge and cooking practices of fast-food vendors in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana.
Methods and Materials: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in three suburbs (Bantama, Suame and Tafo) in Kumasi, Ghana 210 fast-food vendors were recruited for interviews based on convenience and availability. A simple probability sampling technique was used to select study sites. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse continuous variables. Inferential statistics such as chi-square was used to compare the nutrition knowledge scores with the participants’ demographic characteristics.
Results: Female respondents accounted for 66.2%. More than 80% of participants have attained pre- tertiary education, with the majority receiving nutrition education at the pre-tertiary level. The study found 49% of the participants had inadequate knowledge in nutrition, while only 6.2% had adequate nutrition knowledge. Participants’ knowledge adequacy and inadequacy on diet-related NCDs, was 5.2% vs. 60%. A significant difference (p=0.009, p≤0.005) was observed in nutrition knowledge adequacy among participants’ gender and level of education respectively. Also, it was noted that all participants reused their oils several times for deep frying.
Conclusions: Majority of the fast-food vendors had inadequate knowledge in nutrition and diet-related diseases, and most of them tend to reuse frying oil many times, which can increase trans-fat levels. We suggest that the Metropolitan Assembly collaborates with relevant institutions to organize nutrition and health seminars and education for all fast-food vendors before certifying their operations.
Nutritional Evaluation of Complimentary Food Produced from Malted Rice (Oryza sativa), Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum) Flour Blends Using Albino Rats
Authors: T Paul, , J.A Ayo, , D.M Awogbenja, , G.U Anikwueze, , Z.A Mohammed,
Published: February 2025

Complimentary food is any food or drink given to infants in addition to breast milk or formula when breast milk alone is no longer enough to meet their nutritional needs. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional qualities of complementary food produced from malted rice (Oryza sativa), tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) using Albino Rats. The complimentary foods were produced from varied ratios (100:0:0; 80:15:5;70:25:5; 82.5:10:7.5; 80:10:10 and 77.55:10:12.5 respectively) of malted rice, defatted sesame seed and tiger nut flour with the aim of meeting the energy and protein needs of infants at age 6 to 24 months. The protein quality, serum biochemical and haematological indices of albino rat fed with prepared complimentary foods were determined using standard methods. Ogi and Cerelac were use as the control samples. The data obtained were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (25.0). The data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the average mean scores separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p<0.05. The protein qualities; PER, NR, BV, NPU and TPU increased from 0.23 to 0.24, 1.48 to 3.00, 66.91 to 80.09, 0.64 to 0.67 and 64.38 to 70.92%, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 to 25%) but deceased with addition of tiger nut flour. The biochemical indices that is the total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, creatine and urea increased from 6.48 to 7.21 g/dL, 2.30 to 3.30 g/dL, 121.2 to 168.20, 5.30 to 6.20, 27.00 to 55.20, 21.21 to 26.07 and 4.90 to 5.10 µ/L, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut (0-12.5%). The haematological parameters include WBC, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC increased from 7.64 to 8.87 x 103mm3, 8.30 to 8.96 x103mm3, 17.70 to 18.37 g/dl, 44.00 to 50.00%, 56.00 to 63.00 fl, 21.70 to 22.50 pg, 30.00 to 33.00 g/dL, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut flour (0 to 12.5%).  The quality of the protein of the produced complementary food is higher than the locally prepared ogi but compared favourably with the commercially produced cerelac
Morphological Diversity, Character Association and Path Analysis in Snake Gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.)
Authors: Mahalakshmi M. , Evoor Shashikanth , Jawadagi Raveendra S. , G. Bhuvaneshwari , D Satish , Patil Bapurayagouda B , Raut Namita B
Published: February 2025

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental plot, of the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, during the kharif season of 2023. The study followed a randomized complete block design with two replications. Morphological diversity and character association were studied in 26 genotypes of snake gourd. The diversity studies revealed that the genotypes were grouped into five clusters in which the cluster I holds twenty genotypes followed by cluster III with three genotypes and cluster II, IV and cluster V comprised of one genotype in each cluster. The Intra cluster D2 values were ranged from 0.00 to 1350.62. Among the five clusters, cluster III with three genotypes had maximum intra cluster diversity (D2 = 1350.62) followed by cluster I (D2 = 1199.42). Correlation studies revealed that traits such as fruit width, seeds per fruit, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, and total number of female flowers were significantly and positively correlated towards the fruit yield per plant and considered as the important traits for enhancing quantitative traits in snake gourd. The path coefficient analysis indicated that average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, node at the appearance of the first female flower, and days to first fruit setting had the highest direct influence on fruit yield per plant. Consequently, these traits should be prioritized in selection for future improvements.
A Statistical Approach for Analysis of Trend Pattern of Pigeon Pea in India
Authors: Singh Gulshan , Kumar Manish
Published: February 2025

Aims: This paper deals with the analysis of trend pattern in area, production, and yield of pigeon pea in India.
Study design: Firstly, some well-known statistical models have been fitted to the concerned time series data on pigeon pea, and the trend values have been obtained. Then the accuracy of the concerned fitted models has been tested using various statistical measures. Finally, inferences are made regarding the trend pattern of pigeon pea in India.
Place and Duration of Study: The analysis is carried out using secondary time series data on area, production, and yield of pigeon pea in India pertaining to the period 2001-2023. The time series data have been collected from the records of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation, and Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW), Govt. of India.
Methodology: The trend values have been computed on fitting well-known statistical models viz., linear model, exponential model, quadratic model, and cubic model. Moreover, the accuracy of the concerned fitted models has been evaluated using various statistical measures viz., coefficient of determination (\(R^2\)), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE). 
Results: The results of the investigation reveal that the concerned models fitted well for exploring the trend in area, production, and yield of pigeon pea. Moreover, the cubic model is slightly more precise as compared to the other fitted models, and hence it could be utilized for forecasting the scenario of pigeon pea in India.
Conclusion: The findings of the study provide useful insights towards policy formulation regarding enhancement of pigeon pea production for meeting global food demand and nutritional security.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in Bell´s Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Cateb Kenya Couto Ferreira , Thebit Marcela Marçal , Fonseca Allyson Henrique de Andrade , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Pavani Christiane
Published: February 2025

Aims: The primary concern for patients with Bell's palsy is the impact on their ability to express facial emotions, which significantly affects well-being and self-esteem. Facial expressions are essential for social connections, and the growing use of online work tools and social networks amplifies their importance.
Study Design: Case Report.
Methodology: Red photobiomodulation (PBM, 660 nm ± 10 nm) was applied to the temporal, zygomatic, mandibular, and cervical regions (2 J per point, 2 points per region), while infrared PBM (808 nm ± 10 nm) was administered to the temporal, supra-auricular, submandibular, and posterior cervical ganglia regions (2 J per point, 2 points per region). A total of 10 points were treated with red PBM and 8 with infrared PBM.
Results: This case report describes the successful use of a four-sessions PBM protocol with red and infrared lasers on facial regions affected by Bell's palsy, leading to notable improvements in smile symmetry, eyebrow movement, and eye closure. Since the first session, patient presented visible improvements in smile, eyebrow arching and eye closure.
Conclusion: These results suggest that PBM may be an effective tool for managing facial paralysis, offering patients a non-invasive treatment option with minimal adverse effects. Further clinical trials are recommended to explore its broader therapeutic potential.
Numerical Simulation and Evaluation of Y\(_2\)S\(_3\) and Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) on Structural, Stability, and Electronic Properties for Photocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Barde Abdu , Kawu Abdulsalam Ahmed , Mohammed Hamza Adam Haroun
Published: February 2025

We attempt to establish a computational insight into the structural, mechanical, dynamic, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of orthorhombic phase Yttrium sulphide Y\(_2\)S\(_3\) and Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) Janus compounds by density functional calculations. The Janus Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) is a hypothetical compound with all properties computed forthe first time. Computed lattice parameters for Y\(_2\)S\(_3\) are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. Mechanical properties are investigated by calculating the elastic constant to check for Born stability criteria. A finite displacement vibrational frequency study confirmed that Y\(_2\)S\(_3\) and Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) are stable; negative phonon frequencies were checked. Computed PBEsol and MBJ band structures found that Y\(_2\)S\(_3\) is a direct band gap semiconductor, while Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) is an indirect band gap semiconductor. Band gaps estimated from the HSE06 hybrid functional are 2.75 eV and 2.70 eV for Y2S2 and Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\), respectively, suggesting that they are semiconductor materials with wide band gaps that can absorb light in the ultraviolet region. Mullikan’s electronegativity screen technique, used to calculate valence band maximum VBM and conduction band minimum CBM potentials, predicted that Y2S3 and Y\(_2\)TeS\(_2\) have suitable conduction band minimum potential of -1.05 V and -1.30 V and valence band maximum of 1.70 V and 1.40 V, respectively, versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) at PH = 0 to trigger the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) simultaneously.
Mitigating Water Pollution through Synergistic Chemical and Ecological Approaches
Authors: Asefon Temitope
Published: February 2025

Aim: This review explores advanced strategies of water contamination mitigation by integrated chemical and ecological solutions, assessing their efficiency in surface and groundwater treatment of harmful pollutants such as bromides and chlorides. The study aims to assess the value of these integrated approaches and their potentials to ensuring water quality improvement and increased protection of public health.
Study Design: This study involves a review of literature on combined chemical treatment and ecological methods of water body contamination that takes into account the period from 2019 through 2024. The literature shows the efficacy and limitations of the integrated strategy in various environmental perspectives.
Methodology: The research was based on a comprehensive literature review from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. It focused on those studies that assessed the application of chemical methods like advanced oxidation processes and nanomaterials along with ecological solutions such as constructed wetlands and phytoremediation.
Results: This review identified 12 relevant studies concerning the successful integration of chemical and ecological strategies in mitigating water contamination. This study points to some of the key findings which include the synergy between the chemical methods, advanced oxidation processes for fast contaminant degradation, and ecological solutions such as phytoremediation, which ensures the long-term sustainability of such approach. These integrated systems have been efficient in treating pollutants like bromides, chlorides, and heavy metals, besides observing remarkable improvements in water quality.
Conclusions: Integrated chemical and ecological approaches are highly effective in addressing water contamination challenges. These strategies not only provide immediate improvements in water quality but also offer long-term environmental sustainability. However, issues such as cost, scalability, and the need for specialized monitoring systems remain significant challenges. Further research is needed to optimize these systems and to explore their applicability in varying geographical and economic contexts.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Breast Tissues During Breast Cancer Operations Using the MasSpec Pen
Authors: Garza Kyana Y. , King Mary E. , Nagi Chandandeep , DeHoog Rachel J. , Zhang Jialing , Sans Marta , Krieger Anna , Feider Clara L. , Bensussan Alena V. , Keating Michael F. , Lin John Q. , Sun Min Woo , Tibshirani Robert , Pirko Christopher , Brahmbhatt Kirtan A. , Al-Fartosi Ahmed R. , Thompson Alastair M. , Bonefas Elizabeth , Suliburk James , Carter Stacey A. , Eberlin Livia S.
Published: March 2024

Importance

Surgery with complete tumor resection remains the main treatment option for patients with breast cancer. Yet, current technologies are limited in providing accurate assessment of breast tissue in vivo, warranting development of new technologies for surgical guidance.

Objective

To evaluate the performance of the MasSpec Pen for accurate intraoperative assessment of breast tissues and surgical margins based on metabolic and lipid information.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this diagnostic study conducted between February 23, 2017, and August 19, 2021, the mass spectrometry–based device was used to analyze healthy breast and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) banked tissue samples from adult patients undergoing breast surgery for ductal carcinomas or nonmalignant conditions. Fresh-frozen tissue samples and touch imprints were analyzed in a laboratory. Intraoperative in vivo and ex vivo breast tissue analyses were performed by surgical staff in operating rooms (ORs) within 2 different hospitals at the Texas Medical Center. Molecular data were used to build statistical classifiers.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prediction results of tissue analyses from classification models were compared with gross assessment, frozen section analysis, and/or final postoperative pathology to assess accuracy.

Results

All data acquired from the 143 banked tissue samples, including 79 healthy breast and 64 IDC tissues, were included in the statistical analysis. Data presented rich molecular profiles of healthy and IDC banked tissue samples, with significant changes in relative abundances observed for several metabolic species. Statistical classifiers yielded accuracies of 95.6%, 95.5%, and 90.6% for training, validation, and independent test sets, respectively. A total of 25 participants enrolled in the clinical, intraoperative study; all were female, and the median age was 58 years (IQR, 44-66 years). Intraoperative testing of the technology was successfully performed by surgical staff during 25 breast operations. Of 273 intraoperative analyses performed during 25 surgical cases, 147 analyses from 22 cases were subjected to statistical classification. Testing of the classifiers on 147 intraoperative mass spectra yielded 95.9% agreement with postoperative pathology results.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this diagnostic study suggest that the mass spectrometry–based system could be clinically valuable to surgeons and patients by enabling fast molecular-based intraoperative assessment of in vivo and ex vivo breast tissue samples and surgical margins.
High Performance Ferroelectric‐modulated Photoelectrodes by Using Grid Charge Collector
Authors: Shao Jialin , Liu Huiya , Jiang Xiao , Wang Yujie , Luo Lili , Li Yingtao , Zhang Zemin , Lu Bingan
Published: March 2024

Metal oxide‐based photoelectrochemicals (PEC) are promising for solar‐fuel conversion if the issues of excessive charge carrier recombination in bulk can be resolved. Ferroelectric modulation of photoelectrodes is a remedial strategy but is less available due to the contradiction between the screening effect and free carrier collection. This work designed and fabricated a novel ferroelectric‐modulated photocathode (p‐type CuBi2O4/PbZrTiO, CBO/PZT) with gird‐like gold (G‐Au) charge collector under theoretical guidance. Several characterizations, including Multiphysics simulations and optoelectronic and interfacial electronic energy levels calculations, proved the critical role of the G‐Au charge collector in decoupling charge collecting and screening. As a result, the positively polarized photocathode exhibited the best performance with an average H2O2 concentration around 1.5 mol (L h m2)−1. Thus, this work demonstrated the successful integration of ferroelectric in PEC photoelectrodes with improved photocarrier collection using a grid metal collector, which can be broadly applied to other optoelectronic systems.
MXene‐Based Ultrathin Electromagnetic Wave Absorber with Hydrophobicity, Anticorrosion, and Quantitively Classified Electrical Losses by Intercalation Growth Nucleation Engineering
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Zhang Lei , Yan Junfeng , Yun Jiangni , Zhao Wu , Dai Kun , Wang Huan , Sun Yushan
Published: March 2024

MXene, a highly regarded material, has garnered significant attention within the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption field. However, the practical application of MXene is limited in harsh environments. Herein, a magic technique strategy of intercalation growth nucleation engineering is employed to prepare multifunctional MXene‐based EMW absorption materials. By regularly introducing different metal ions between the layers of MXene, an ultrathin absorber can be achieved by annealing after reacting in specific positions. The synthesized MCFC‐69‐8 shows hydrophobicity properties and exhibits a large charge‐transfer resistance of 18112 Ω cm2 with a low corrosion rate and corrosion rate, indicating a good anti‐corrosion property. Through applying a series of mathematical methods, MCFC‐69‐8 shows 25% relaxation polarization loss and 75% conduction loss, and its relaxation time is linked with the specific type of relaxation polarization loss, resulting in an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.9 GHz with an ultra‐thin optimal matching thickness of 1.48 mm. Finally, an absorber is built using CST to attain an ultrabroad EAB covering 2–18 GHz. This engineering not only simplifies the intercalation process but also achieves a high‐performance and anti‐corrosion EMW absorber, providing a valuable perception for realizing thinner MXene‐based EMW absorbers in the future.
Optically Tunable Electrical Oscillations in Oxide‐Based Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Nath Shimul Kanti , Das Sujan Kumar , Nandi Sanjoy Kumar , Xi Chen , Marquez Camilo Verbel , Rúa Armando , Uenuma Mutsunori , Wang Zhongrui , Zhang Songqing , Zhu Rui‐Jie , Eshraghian Jason , Sun Xiao , Lu Teng , Bian Yue , Syed Nitu , Pan Wenwu , Wang Han , Lei Wen , Fu Lan , Faraone Lorenzo , Liu Yun , Elliman Robert G.
Published: March 2024

The application of hardware‐based neural networks can be enhanced by integrating sensory neurons and synapses that enable direct input from external stimuli. This work reports direct optical control of an oscillatory neuron based on volatile threshold switching in V3O5. The devices exhibit electroforming‐free operation with switching parameters that can be tuned by optical illumination. Using temperature‐dependent electrical measurements, conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM), in situ thermal imaging, and lumped element modelling, it is shown that the changes in switching parameters, including threshold and hold voltages, arise from overall conductivity increase of the oxide film due to the contribution of both photoconductive and bolometric characteristics of V3O5, which eventually affects the oscillation dynamics. Furthermore, V3O5 is identified as a new bolometric material with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) as high as −4.6% K−1 at 423 K. The utility of these devices is illustrated by demonstrating in‐sensor reservoir computing with reduced computational effort and an optical encoding layer for spiking neural network (SNN), respectively, using a simulated array of devices.
Women's professional development programs for emergency physicians: A scoping review
Authors: Frisch Stacey , Desai Riddhi , Chung Arlene S. , Love Jennifer S. , Adair White Bobbie Ann
Published: March 2024

Background

Gender disparities in emergency medicine (EM) persist, with women underrepresented in leadership positions and faced with unique challenges, such as gender discrimination and harassment. To address these issues, professional development programs for women have been recommended.

Objectives

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine current women's professional development programs for EM and develop a collection of program characteristics, meeting topics, and tips for success that can be useful to new or existing women's professional development programs.

Methods

The authors systematically searched research databases for literature detailing current women's professional development programs for EM physicians. Studies detailing professional development programs for female physicians in EM were included.

Results

After 149 unique articles were screened, 11 studies met inclusion criteria, describing 10 professional development programs for women in EM. The most commonly cited program objectives included providing mentors and role models (n = 9, 90%), offering career advice and promoting professional advancement and leadership skills (n = 5, 50%), increasing academic recognition for women (n = 4, 40%), and promoting work–life balance and integration (n = 2, 20%). The most common topics covered in program sessions included mentorship and coaching, compensation and/or negotiation, leadership skills, and career advancement and promotion. Challenges and barriers to the success of these programs included a lack of funding and support, difficulty in recruiting participants, lack of institutional recognition and support, lack of time, and difficulty in sustaining the program over time.

Conclusions

The study's findings can inform the development of programs that promote gender equity and support the advancement of women in EM.
Genotype, environment, and their interaction effects on peanut seed protein, oil, and fatty acid content variability
Authors: Wang Ming Li , Tonnis Brandon , Li Xianran , Benke Ryan , Huang Edward , Tallury Shyam , Puppala Naveen , Peng Ze , Wang Jianping
Published: March 2024

Products from peanut seeds are nutritious for human and/or animal consumption. Peanut seed nutritional quality is determined by the genotype (G) of cultivars or accessions, environmental conditions (E), and their interactions (G × E). To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on seed nutritional quality, 52 peanut germplasm accessions, which vary in oil content and fatty acid composition, were planted at three locations (Citra, FL; Byron, GA; and Clovis, NM) for 2 years (2017 and 2018). The harvested seeds were analyzed for protein, oil, and fatty acid composition using an N analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography, respectively. Significant effects of accession, FAD2 gene, where FAD is fatty acid desaturase, location, year, and their interactions on the investigated traits were evaluated. The average oil content from accessions grown in Florida (51.1%) or Georgia (50.7%) was significantly higher than those grown in New Mexico (45.8%), whereas the average protein content from accessions grown in Florida (23.2%) was significantly lower than those grown in New Mexico (25.4%) or Georgia (24.8%). This is expected as there is a negative correlation between oil and protein content. After genotyping and classification (A/A, A/W, and G/W) for the FAD2A/FAD2B genes, the nutritional quality variations were further evaluated at the levels of the specific haplotype of FAD2A/FAD2B and explicit environmental index. The average prediction accuracy of seed nutritional quality trait values from the prediction model demonstrated that predicting trait values in new environments is feasible. The results of this study provide insights into the seed nutritional analysis, germplasm evaluation, and peanut breeding, cultivation, and production to peanut breeders, curators, farmers, and product processors.
Researching effective practices to reduce youth homelessness and disadvantage from a young person's perspective: A systematic review
Authors: Rambaldini‐Gooding Delia , Keevers Lynne , Clay Narelle , MacLeod Lisa
Published: March 2024

Pathways into and the impact of homelessness on young people have been extensively explored. There is less emphasis on young people's perspectives of the interventions designed to assist them to avoid or exit homelessness. This study undertook a systematic review of the youth homelessness interventions literature that included the perspectives of young people experiencing these interventions. Our review identified five key approaches as useful in assisting young people to exit or avoid homelessness, namely (1) the centrality of relationships, (2) a youth‐centred approach, (3) integrated and multi‐disciplinary service provision, (4) a beyond housing approach and (5) strength‐based therapeutic models/interventions. The review enhances the capacity of practitioners to provide supportive and contextually situated services to young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. However, further research is required to understand the bundles of interconnected practices within these approaches that are performed by workers and young people to address homelessness and risk.
Pathogenic Potential of Eomesodermin‐Expressing T‐Helper Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kanazawa Tomomi , Sato Wakiro , Raveney Ben J.E. , Takewaki Daiki , Kimura Atsuko , Yamaguchi Hiromi , Yokoi Yuma , Saika Reiko , Takahashi Yuji , Fujita Tsuneo , Saiki Shinji , Tamaoka Akira , Oki Shinji , Yamamura Takashi
Published: March 2024

Eomesodermin‐expressing (Eomes+) T‐helper (Th) cells show cytotoxic characteristics in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We found that Eomes+ Th cell frequency was increased in the peripheral blood of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease patients. Furthermore, granzyme B production by Th cells from such patients was high compared with controls. A high frequency of Eomes+ Th cells was observed in the initial (acutely progressive) stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and a positive correlation between Eomes+ Th cell frequency and cognitive decline was observed in Alzheimer's disease patients. Therefore, Eomes+ Th cells may be involved in the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1093–1098
Na2C3O2: Die erste kristalline Verbindung mit dem ungewöhnlichen −C≡C−COO−‐Anion
Authors: Krüger Markus , Lamann‐Glees Alexandra , Sebastian Sean S. , Siegel Renée , Senker Jürgen , Hempelmann Jan , Dronskowski Richard , Ruschewitz Uwe
Published: March 2024

Durch die Reaktion von Natrium‐Elektrid oder NaC2H in flüssigem Ammoniak mit dem wasserfreien Natriumsalz der Propargylsäure, Na(OOC−C≡C−H), konnten kristalline Pulver von Na2C3O2 erhalten werden. Die Strukturanalyse, basierend auf Synchrotronpulverdiffraktionsdaten, zeigte, dass Na2C3O2 in einer monoklinen Elementarzelle (I2/a, Z=4) kristallisiert. Diese weist das ungewöhnliche Y‐förmige −C≡C−COO− Anion auf, welches bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht in einer kristallinen Verbindung bekannt war. IR‐/Raman‐ sowie Festkörper‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen, unterstützt durch DFT‐basierte ab initio Rechnungen, bestätigen diese Ergebnisse. Die Reaktion mit Natrium‐Elektrid führte zu einem Produkt mit höherer Kristallinität. Zusätzlich erfolgte jedoch aufgrund von Zersetzung und Polymerisation des Na2C3O2 die Bildung eines Nebenprodukts. In der Umsetzung mit NaC2H wurde dieses Nebenprodukt nicht beobachtet, sodass diese Reaktion die mildere Metallierungsroute darstellt. Das Produkt dieser Reaktion weist jedoch eine geringere Kristallinität auf.
Correspondence to “Structure of Violet Phosphorus and Its Phosphorene Exfoliation”
Authors: Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar
Published: March 2024

The structure described in the publication “Structure of Violet Phosphorus and Its Phosphorene Exfoliation” (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 1074–1080) is identical to the structure by Thurn and Krebs determined already in 1969 and therefore by no means a new modification.
Stiffness Modulation and Pulsatile Release in Dual Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Jain Mehak , Trapani Giuseppe , Trappmann Britta , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: March 2024

Inspired by nature, self‐regulation can be introduced in synthetic hydrogels by incorporating chemo‐mechanical signals or coupled chemical reactions to maintain or adapt the material's physico‐chemical properties when exposed to external triggers. In this work, we present redox and light dual stimuli responsive hydrogels capable of rapidly adapting the polymer crosslinking network while maintaining hydrogel stability. Upon irradiation with UV light, polymer hydrogels containing redox responsive disulfide crosslinks and light responsive ortho‐nitrobenzyl moieties show a release of payload accompanied by adaptation of the hydrogel network towards higher stiffness due to in situ crosslinking by S‐nitrosylation. Whereas the hydrogel design allows the network to either become softer in presence of reducing agent glutathione or stiffer upon UV irradiation, simultaneous application of both stimuli induces network self‐regulation resulting in a pulsatile form of payload release from the hydrogel. Finally, adaptive stiffness was used to make tunable hydrogels as substrates for different cell lines.
Review of advanced cementitious composites using water soluble polymer based admixture
Authors: Nitin  , Chaudhary Veena , Yeshpal
Published: March 2024

This paper offers a thorough unfolding of the many contributions that water‐soluble polymers (WSPs) play in cementitious composites. The several forms of WSPs—natural, semi‐synthetic, and artificial—are examined, and their methods of action in cementitious composites are investigated. The topics of binding, association, adhesion, complexation, and bridge creation are covered in the literature. The effects of WSPs on the microstructure, freshness, mechanical properties, and durability of cement‐based goods are also investigated in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of utilizing WSPs in cement‐based products are also discussed. Following a detailed analysis of the most significant findings, recommendations are made for both academic and practical research areas and applications. This study provides useful information for both experts and novices by elucidating the multi‐applications of WSPs in cementitious materials.
Development of polylactic acid‐untreated bamboo filler composite and its chemical and mechanical properties
Authors: Sasaki Shigeko , Naito Kunitake , Uchidate Michimasa
Published: March 2024

A fully bio‐based plastic composite comprising a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix with untreated bamboo filler (BF) was manufactured by a simple method. PLA and crushed bamboo flakes were compounded in a kneader and then injection molded without pretreatment of BF. The composites containing PLA and BF at 50:50 (PLA50/BF50) and 60:40 mass ratios (PLA60/BF40) were obtained. The PLA60/BF40 and PLA50/BF50 products were evaluated by thermal analysis (TG/DTA, DSC, and DMA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, and abrasive wear test. From the results, the composite of PLA and untreated BF was fabricated under high temperature and high‐pressure conditions, in kneading at 180°C and injection molding at 150–175°C and 95 MPa for 1.5 s. FTIR analysis indicated that changes in the functional groups of the composite products were dependent on the proportion of BF. Unfortunately, the BF did not improve the stiffness, viscoelasticity, and wear resistance of the PLA. However, the PLA50/BF50 product had a storage modulus comparable to that of the pure PLA product, and of which a 30% cost reduction was achieved by using abundant bamboo and reducing the amount of PLA.
A one step method to prepare polymer‐based flexible wires by continuous spatial‐confining network assembly technique
Authors: Jiang Haohua , Li Nan , Li Chenglin , Zhu Yuanxiang , Gao Xiaolong , Xu Hong , Sun Jingyao , Zhao Zhongli , Wu Daming , Zheng Xiuting , Huang Yao
Published: March 2024

In recent years, flexible electronics technology has been developing rapidly, and flexible electronic devices have been widely used in wearable gadgets and robotics. Flexible wires are the basic components of these devices, which usually consist of metallic materials with flexibility and ductility. However, the introduction of flexible conductive materials has broadened the application scope of flexible wires. In this paper, PDMS/SCF conductive composites exhibiting different conductivity properties on both sides are fabricated by adding meshes based on the continuous spatial‐confining network assembly method. The conductivity of PDMS/SCF (6 wt%) composites can be exhibited as 173.45 S/m in the conductive layer and 6.25 × 10−11 S/m in the insulating layer, which can be used as core and surface layers of conductors, respectively. A mathematical model is also developed to predict the electrical conductivity of the PDMS/SCF conductive composites, and the experimental data are in good agreement with the predicted results. This work provides a method for the continuous preparation of multifunctional composites that can be molded in one step with conductive layer and insulating layer, which can be used as the core and insulating layers of wires, thus simplifying the preparation process of composite‐based wires and expanding the range of conductive composites applications.
UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS analysis of chemical components of single decoction and combined decoction of Qige decoction reveals the differences between various preparation processes
Authors: Guo Kai‐Xin , Yu Xiao‐Qing , Tang Hui , Wei Hao‐Yang , Li Yan‐Fang , Fan Si‐Min , Huang Ke‐Er , Ke Xue‐Hong
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work was to explore the differences between various pharmaceutical processes in combined solutions of a single decoction (QGHBY) and a combined decoction (QGHJY) of Qi‐Ge decoction from the perspective of chemical composition changes, so as to further guide the clinical application of drugs. A combined solution of a single decoction and a combined decoction of Astragali Radix, Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium was prepared with the same technological parameters. The chemical components of the two were detected and identified based on UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS, and the different components were determined by principal component analysis. Eighty‐eight compounds were identified in the pharmaceutical solution of Qi‐Ge decoction. Principal component analysis revealed 11 different components of QGHBY and QGHJY with the conditions of Variable Importance in Projection (VIP)  ≥ 1, fold change ≥ 2 and p < 0.05, among which hesperidin, hesperitin, isosinensetin, sinensetin and 5‐demethylnobiletin were the components of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium. The levels of these 11 different components in QGHJY were higher than those of QGHBY. The combined decoction is beneficial for the dissolution of flavonoids and other chemical components, and there is a significant difference in the content of chemical components between modern herbal concentrate granules and traditional decoctions.
Group Radical Openness: Participants' attributions of change
Authors: Johnstone Violet , McDonough Cian , Egan Rachel , Browne Katie , Corbett Amy
Published: March 2024

Background

Group Radical Openness (GRO) has been shown to be a feasible and acceptable intervention for individuals who struggle with costly overcontrol. This paper explores participants' reports of attributions of change following the engagement in GRO.

Method

Fourteen participants took part in qualitative interviews. An adapted version of ‘The Revised Client Change Interview Schedule: Version 5’ was used to capture the experiences of change following the intervention (Elliott & Rodgers, 2008). Research participants were outpatients of a psychiatric hospital who attended GRO. The sample consisted of 14 participants (6 females: 8 males); mean age 44.4 years; and age range 18–58. All participants attended 26, 3‐h group sessions. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify the specific aspects of the group therapy to which clients attributed change.

Results

The analysis identified three superordinate themes, each with two subthemes. These included Safety and Connection (Safety and Tribe; Open and Genuine Facilitation); Understanding Overcontrol (Awareness of Overcontrol; The GRO Approach); and Carrying GRO Forward (Increased Awareness and Capacity to Reflect; Internalising GRO).

Conclusion

Group Radical Openness was shown to be an acceptable group therapy treatment for people with an overcontrolled coping style. This paper further clarifies the participants' experiences of GRO and what aspects led to change from their perspective.
Interdisciplinary full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta from childhood to young adult‐hood: A 12‐year case report
Authors: Caussin Élisa , Courson Frédéric , Dursun Elisabeth , Brukarz Yohann , Dot Daniel , Chaussain Catherine , Attal Jean‐Pierre , François Philippe
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Treatment of patients with amelogenesis imperfecta extends over many years, from childhood to early adulthood. Their management at any age is complex and has to be adapted in relation to therapies validated in the general population.