bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer modeling of the synthesis of styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of the feed of a chain transfer agent on the characteristics of the product
Authors: Mikhailova T. A. , Mustafina S. A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives. To develop mathematical approaches and algorithms for analyzing the influence of various methods for feeding a chain transfer agent to a cascade of reactors, taking into account the choice of feed points on the characteristics of the final product of copolymerization using computer modeling.Methods. The processes of synthesis of copolymers were mathematically modeled using a statistical approach (Monte Carlo method). The developed algorithm is based on calculating the probabilities of elementary reactions in the process under study. In the case of continuous production of the copolymer in a cascade of reactors, it must be taken into account that the residence time of each particle of the reaction mixture in the reactor is subject to a probability distribution. The algorithm models the formation of copolymer macromolecules at the particle level, permitting the average molecular characteristics of the copolymer to be calculated and its microstructure to be studied based on modeling results.Results. The dependencies of the intrinsic viscosity on the reactor number and conversion were constructed by means of mathematical modeling. The calculation results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data obtained in production. The dependencies of the molecular weight distribution of the copolymer, the weight-average molecular weight, and the microheterogeneity index on the reactor number were constructed for various methods of feed of the chain transfer agent, i.e., to two and/or three points of the reactor cascade. The modeling and calculation results confirmed the influence of the method of adding the chain transfer agent to the cascade reactors on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer.Conclusions. The analysis of the structure of the molecular units of the styrene–butadiene copolymer showed a decrease in the weightaverage molecular weight of the final product and an increase in its stiffness in the case of the three-point feed of the chain transfer agent.
Constructing Longulence in the Galerkin-Regularized Nonlinear Schrödinger and Complex Ginzburg-Landau Systems
Authors: Zhu Jian-Zhou
Published: January 2025

(Quasi-)periodic solutions are constructed analytically for Galerkin-regularized or Fourier truncated nonlinear Schrödinger (GrNLS) systems and numerically for those of complex Ginzburg-Landau (GrCGL). Compared to the simultaneous results of other Galerkin-regularized hydrodynamics-type systems, new GrNLS features include the existence of nontrivial monochromatic solutions or condensates (independent of the truncation) and of quasi-periodic tori with and without additional on-torus invariants. Numerical tests find that instability leads such solutions to nontrivial longulent states with remarkable solitonic longons admist disordered weaker components, corresponding to presumably whiskered tori. The possibility of nontrivial GrCGL longulent states is also discussed for motivation.
Summer Birth and Clinical Characteristics in Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ben Haouala Amjed , Belaguide Wissale , Faouel Nour , Gassab Leila , Zaafrane Ferid , Amamou Badii , Mhalla Ahmed
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a complex syndrome with numerous risk factors, one of which is the season or month of birth. Therefore, the principal objective of this study was to test the relationship between summer birth and clinical features in schizophrenia.

METHODOLOGY: Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional analytic study with retrospective data collection. Sample: Were included in this study all the patients having met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia during their first psychotic episode requiring hospital admission spanning from January,1, 2013 to December,31,2022. in the psychiatry department of Fattouma Bourguiba teaching Hospital Monastir, and who kept the same diagnosis of schizophrenia according to their medical files and the follow-ups. Variables and instruments: The recruitment was conducted through the patients’ medical files using a questionnaire including socio-demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as the month of birth and season of birth for each patient. Data analysis: Data entry and analyses were carried out using the software package IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. To look for an association between the qualitative variables, we used the chi-square test, and if needed, Fisher’s exact test.

RESULTS: Our study included 333 patients with a mean age of 31.6 years. Several clinical features were associated with season of birth. Regarding types of schizophrenia, the paranoid type was significantly associated with the summer season of birth_(p=0.005)_. We also found a significant association between delusional themes like influence theme being significantly associated with the summer birth _(p=0.02)_. As for the mechanisms of delusion only intrapsychic hallucinations had an association with summer birth _(p=0.039)_.

CONCLUSIONS: The season of birth is one of the most consistently identified risk factors in the epidemiology of schizophrenia, although the underlying causes remain unclear. This underscores the importance of additional research in this field to enhance our understanding of schizophrenia and explore potential preventive measures.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Etiology and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Ademi Aferdita , Haxhirexha Ferizat Dika , Dogjani Agron , Haxhirexha Kastriot
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Surgical wound infections (SWIs) remain a significant risk to patients due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, they pose substantial economic challenges for both developing and developed countries. The global impact of these infections is staggering, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting that millions of patients worldwide are affected by hospital-acquired infections annually, with many succumbing to these infections.
This study aims to analyze the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) based on the type of surgical intervention, identify the most frequent causes of these infections, and explore effective management strategies. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the prevention and management of SSIs, thereby enlightening the medical community and empowering them to improve patient outcomes.
Material and Methods: This study, conducted with meticulous attention to detail, focuses on patients operated on in our clinic from January to October 2024. It will reflect the incidence of SSI according to the type of surgical intervention, the most frequent causes of these infections, and the way of their treatment.
Results: From January 2023 to June 2024, 788 patients were hospitalized, and 408 were operated on in the Surgery Department of the Clinical Hospital of Tetovo. Three hundred fifty were male, and 438 were female. The ages of the patients included in the study ranged from 21 to 81.
Most of the patients were operated on because of cholecystolithiasis, inguinal, ventral, and umbilical hernias, breast cancer, acute appendicitis, and neoplasia of the colon and ileus. From the total number of operated patients (408), the infection of operative wounds was recorded in 49, representing an incidence of 11.76 %.
Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the serious global implications of SSIs, including increased morbidity and mortality rates and the strain on healthcare budgets. Therefore, the prevention and reduction of these infections should be a priority for all countries, irrespective of their economic status.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Initial One-team Experience and Short Review.
Authors: Dumani Selman , Likaj Ermal , Dibra Laureta , Kuci Saimir , Rruci Edlira , Ibrahimi Alfred , Veseli Aferdita , Mana Fjorba , Pellumbi Devis , Mehmeti Alessia , Refatllari Ali , Veshti Altin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) is now a widely accepted and more frequently utilized method for patients needing mitral valve surgery. The promoted advantages are less trauma, less bleeding, less pain, and fewer wound infections, allowing faster postoperative and decreased healthcare costs.
Material and Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. We have collected the records of patients who underwent MIMVS by one team at the Cardiac Surgery Service, UHC” Mother Theresa” Hospital. The patients' data regarding demographic, preoperative, operative, and post-operative variables were collected from the medical records in the hospital. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Surgical technique includes mitral valve repair or replacement through right lateral mini-thoracotomy, through a small 5-7cm incision in the 4th–5th right intercostal space under direct vision Seldinger technique under transesophageal echocardiogram guidance is used for cannulation, first 3 cases of MIMVS was performed with 2 venous cannulas – one percutaneous jugular cannula and femoral one, 8 cases underwent single two-stage femoral venous cannulation for venous drainage, femoral arterial cannulation and vacuum assisted cardiopulmonary by-pass(CPB).
Conclusion: Minimal-invasive mitral valve surgery is as safe as the standard approach and allows faster recovery with a shorter length of hospitalization, resulting in decreased healthcare costs. We need a more extensive study to confirm the other advantages, but minimal-invasive should be pushed to become a standard approach for mitral valve surgery. An adequate learning curve is mandatory for all the operative teams to achieve all the benefits for the patients.
A Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Atrophic Regions. The use of Densah Burs, Osseodensification Technique, in Sinus Lift Procedures. A Clinical Case and Review Literature.
Authors: Koshovari Alba , Muca Amela , Berdica Leart , Bushati Teona , Fejza Laura , Kaja Oltjon , Koci Ardita
Published: January 2025

Introduction:  Atrophic posterior maxillary regions pose a significant challenge in dental medicine, where dental implant stability is hard to achieve. The innovative osseo-densification, a new biomechanical technique that aims to solve this problem without removing any bone tissue, is a topic of great interest and potential in our field.
Case report: The patient, A.K., a 44-year-old smoking female, was presented to the clinic concerned with the lack of ability to eat from her left side as a result of the extraction of her upper molars. After a 3D radiographic scan was conducted, it was confirmed that there was considerable bone loss in the upper left posterior region and a proximity with the maxillary sinus. As part of the treatment plan, an Osseo-densification technique in crystal maxillary sinus elevation would be used for two implant placements in the first and second molar regions.
Conclusions: The osseo-densification technique in crestal sinus lifting was shown to be a dependable and less invasive option for treating considerable posterior maxillary bone loss. However, conclusive findings are still needed for this technique, emphasizing the need for continuous research and learning in our field.
Traumatic Asphyxia due to Automobile Accident. A Case Report
Authors: Markeci Elona , Mustafa Admir
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Traumatic Asphyxia is probably much more common than the surgical literature shows and should always be kept in mind as a possible complication of injuries of the thorax and /or upper abdomen. Traumatic Asphyxia or Perthe’s syndrome is a result of a sudden and severe trauma of the thorax and /or upper abdomen. We report a case of traumatic Asphyxia due to an automobilistic accident.
Our patient is a 62-year-old male who was brought to the emergency room due to thorax trauma related to a bicycle accident. He got under a van from one side, and while the shaft of the van rotated, it pulled and crushed the patient between the body of the van and the shaft. There was no direct trauma history on the face and neck area of the patient. In our case, we found associated injuries such as a fracture of the right 7th rib, displaced fracture of the right tibia, and bilateral pulmonary contusion.
In our case, supportive therapy and specific treatment for the right tibial fracture were performed.
Conclusion: Perthes syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with the associated ecchymoses mask with cutaneous petechial hemorrhages and subconjunctival bleeding as a complication of compression of the thorax. The outcome is variable depending on the severity and duration of compression. When characteristic findings of traumatic Asphyxia are detected in traumatic patients, other organ pathologies should be quickly eliminated, and supportive therapy should be initiated. If any other organ pathology is detected, treatment for the detected pathology should be administered because the prognosis of patients with timely and effective treatment is considerably good.
Clinical Management and Surgical Outcomes of Wandering Spleen with Splenic Torsion in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Memeti Shaban , Kuci Saimir , Ristevski Toni , Todorovic Lazar , Kamilovski Marijan , Krsteska Blagica , Sulejmani Haris
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Wandering Spleen is a rare condition in which the splenic ligaments are abnormally loose or absent. This makes the Spleen more mobile and increases the risk of torsion.
This case report outlines the clinical presentation and management of a 10-year-old female patient who presented at our clinic with acute abdominal pain, vomiting episodes, and a severe fever. Imaging tests, such as abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of splenic torsion by showing a hemorrhagic infarction and a large spleen. We performed a splenectomy to remove the damaged organ, a partial omental resection to remove the dead tissue and removed the mesenteric lymph nodes for further pathological examination.
After the surgical procedure, the intensive care unit carefully observed the patient and treated her with intravenous electrolyte replacement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, pain management, and measures to prevent thrombosis.
This case highlights the critical need for early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention in cases of wandering Spleen to prevent serious complications, including splenic infarction. By presenting this case, we seek to elevate awareness of wandering Spleen among healthcare professionals, mainly within pediatric groups. We emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management to optimize patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Early detection and prompt intervention are crucial in preventing severe complications in pediatric patients. This case emphasizes the necessity of rapid diagnosis and increased awareness in clinical practice. Due to the Spleen's impaired viability, a splenectomy was required. Following surgery, we provided comprehensive monitoring and pharmaceutical assistance to control pain, prevent infection, and maintain nutritional stability.
Successful Management of Refractory Heart Failure and Multi-Organ Dysfunction in a Patient with CRT-D and Acute Pulmonary Edema: A Case Report
Authors: Goga Marsela , Kuci Saimir , Ibrahimi Alfred , Likaj Ermal , Cela Alvi , Teliti Romina , Shurdha Ormir , Selimi Erilda , Zeitani Jacob
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a progressive condition often complicated by acute decompensations that require advanced medical interventions. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) has significantly improved outcomes in patients with severe heart failure. However, challenges persist when faced with acute events such as pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Multidisciplinary, intensive care unit (ICU)-based management is critical for these complex cases.
This case report presents the successful management of a 61-year-old female patient with a history of severe HFrEF and implanted CRT-D. Despite severe hypoxemia, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis, a multidisciplinary approach—including mechanical ventilation, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and transfusion—enabled recovery. The patient was admitted to the ICU with acute pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, characterized by severe hypoxemia, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis. Over three weeks, the patient regained hemodynamic stability, renal function, and respiratory independence.
This case demonstrates the potential for recovery in patients with severe heart failure complicated by acute pulmonary edema and multi-organ dysfunction when treated with an integrated, multidisciplinary approach.
Conclusion: Advanced critical care strategies, including mechanical ventilation, intra-aortic balloon pump support, and continuous renal replacement therapy, were essential in stabilizing the patient. The outcome underscores the value of personalized, team-based critical care in managing life-threatening complications in heart failure patients with CRT-D.
Oligodendrocyte Injury in Multiple Sclerosis.
Authors: Përgjegji Mateo , Bame Klei , Ceka Ketrina , Cenalia  Jera , Bërdica  Sibora , Bushati Teona
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), marked by inflammation, demyelination, and significant oligodendrocyte injury. This disease arises from a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers that drive immune-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins.
This research paper explores the multifaceted aspects of oligodendrocyte injury in MS, ranging from underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to potential therapeutic interventions and translational implications for clinical practice.
Oligodendrocyte damage in MS occurs via multiple mechanisms, including metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and cytokine-induced apoptosis, mainly mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling. This process exacerbates neuroinflammation and contributes to disease progression. Emerging therapeutic strategies, such as targeting metabolic pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing autophagy, have demonstrated potential in preclinical studies. Furthermore, stem cell therapies are being explored for their ability to regenerate oligodendrocytes and restore myelin integrity.
Conclusions: The intricate interplay among oligodendrocyte injury, demyelination, and neuroinflammation is central to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Oligodendrocytes safeguard myelin in the CNS, facing challenges from immune attacks to metabolic stress. Understanding oligodendrocyte dysfunction is vital for targeted therapies that suppress immune damage and promote remyelination and CNS repair. MS's etiology,
Analisis Penyebab Komtrax Lost Transmit Pada Unit HD 785-7
Authors: Syahruddin Syahruddin , Basselo Finencia Yoab , Hermansyah Hadi , Akbar Syaeful , Basri Basri
Published: January 2025

Sistem pemantauan Komatsu Machine Tracking System atau Komtrax, menggunakan teknologi komunikasi seluler dan berbasis internet yang canggih. Komtrax sebagai sistem pemantau pada unit alat berat Komatsu seperti HD785-7 dinilai penting sebab kendala-kendala yang muncul pada sistem ini, seperti hilangnya transmisi sinyal akan berdampak negatif pada keseluruhan sistem pembacaan dan monitoring unit. Namun, belum banyak dilakukan penelitian terkait komtrax lost transmit pada unit alat berat. Maka, tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab Komtrax lost transmit pada unit HD 785-7. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis penyebab masalah komtrax yang mengalami kehilangan sinyal transmisi, dengan menggunakan metode 8 langkah troubleshooting. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan visual dan pengukuran yang didokumentasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kerusakan terjadi ketika sambungan antenna dengan ujung pangkal kabel terputus. Sambungan yang tidak kuat serta desain kabel yang bersudut juga berpotensi menyebabkan tarikan saat terjadi getaran selama unit beroperasi. Selain itu, baut pengunci yang kendor juga dapat menyebabkan antenna rentan hilang dari unit. Dari temuan tersebut disarankan untuk selalu melakukan prosedur kawashima yang tepat pada wiring system.
Analisis Produktivitas Alat Berat Pada Rencana Kegiatan Landfill Mining di TPA Manggar Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Dwimas Herdian , Dharmawan Ida Bagus , Mulyanto Subur , Kurniawan Yudi
Published: January 2025

Landfill mining adalah proses penggalian sampah yang tertimbun pada Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) yang bertujuan untuk melakukan daur ulang dan pemulihan lahan. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kegiatan landill mining adalah tingkat produktivitas dari alat berat yang digunakan. Produktivitas alat berat mempengaruhi efesiensi dan biaya operasional. Proses landfill mining di TPA manggar diawali dengan mengekstraksi gas metana yang terbentuk akibat dekomposisi sampah, kemudian area kerja dibersihkan dengan mengangkat vegetasi dan pepohonan menggunakan alat berat. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah dengan melakukan pengupasan lapisan tanah penutuh untuk membuka sampah yang tertimbun. Sampah kemudian disusun (stockpile) sebelum diangkut menggunakan truk ke fasilitas pengolahan. Kapasitas bucket dari PC 200-7 yang akan digunakan dalam rencana kegiatan ini adalah 0,5 m3 dengan asumsi kapasitas efektif adalah sebesar 0,4 m3. Waktu siklus yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah selama 20 detik per siklus, dengan jam kerja selama 8 jam per hari maka didapatkan dengan asumsi berat basah landfill 35% maka didapatkan besar produksi yang dihasilkan dari excavator adalah 46,656 m3 per jam atau 373,248 m3 per hari. Untuk Produktivitas dumptruck dengan nilai muatan 8,6 ton per unit maka hasil analisis untuk kebutuhan dumptruck adalah sebanyak 3 unit.
Analisis Kerusakan Brake Accumulator Unit HM400-2R Di PT. United Tractors Site Muara Lawa
Authors: Marali Aryati Muhaymin , Nugroho Dafian Dwi , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Samosir Devina Sanchia , Sabitah A’yan
Published: January 2025

Pada PT. United Tractors Tbk. site Muara Lawa terdapat unit articulated dump truck yang mengalami breakdown dengan kerusakan yang terdapat pada brake accumulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kerusakan komponen brake accumulator pada unit articulated dump truck Komatsu HM400-2R dengan gejala yang timbul berupa kebocoran. Berdasarkan hasil observasi brake accumulator mengalami kebocoran pada gas valve. kerusakan tersebut mengakibatkan kinerja brake system menurun. Pada saat unit beroperasi dan brake system digunakan, terjadi delay yang mengakibatkan kinerja dari brake system tidak normal. Penyebab terjadinya kerusakan komponen brake accumulator pada unit articulated dump truck Komatsu HM400-2R, dikarenakan terjadinya kerusakan pada seal step dan seal piston yang sudah tidak prima, sehingga hasil kerusakan dari seal step dan seal piston menyebabkan timbulnya partikel dan mengakibatkan piston menjadi scratch. Akibat dari kerusakan komponen tersebut menyebabkan fluida dan gas nitrogen tercampur, dan kebocoroan disebabkan oleh kerusakan pada gas valve, cara mengatasi kerusakan yang terjadi pada brake accumulator unit articulated dump truck Komatsu HM400-2R, yaitu dengan memberikan solusi penawaran best repair cost yaitu melakukan repair pada brake accumulator dengan perbandingan biaya 45% lebih murah dibandingkan dengan mengganti unit assy.
THE IMPACT OF RAD6 EXPRESSION ON CHEMORESISTANT OVARIAN CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Vernadesly Leo , Nita Hertati  , Pariyana
Published: January 2025

Chemotherapy is one of the modalities for treating ovarian cancer (OC), which is one of the most common reproductive organ cancers in women worldwide. Overexpression of RAD6 has been identified as a significant factor in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between RAD6 overexpression and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The databases used include PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, focusing on articles from the last 10 years. Out of 162 articles retrieved, only 4 met the selection criteria and were used in the analysis. The analysis results indicate that RAD6 overexpression is closely associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly platinum. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced DNA damage tolerance, increased proliferation, invasion, and the ability of cancer cells to develop stem-like phenotypes. These findings highlight RAD6 as a potential therapeutic target in preventing chemoresistance in OC. Further research is needed to develop specific RAD6 inhibitors that can be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy to improve treatment response and patient prognosis.
FACTORS CORRELATED WITH THE LENGTH OF STAY OF PATIENTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITAL A, EAST JAVA
Authors: Imowanto Yuddy , Setijowati Nanik , Irsan Istan Irmansyah , Triyuliarto Dwiwardoyo , Johannes Jeffrey
Published: January 2025

The issue of overcrowding in the Emergency Department (ED) has not been resolved in Indonesia, which can be caused by prolonged Length of Stay (LOS) of patients in the ED, resulting in delayed service time and increased mortality rates in the ED. Methods: This research is quantitative research using primary data. The research design used observational analytics with a prospective cohort approach with a sample size of 62 patients. Research Findings: Triage, length of diagnostic testing, the number of patients in the ED at the time the patient arrives, and the nurse-to-patient ratio do not have a significant correlation with ED LOS. There is a significant correlation between Boarding Time and ED LOS (p<0.001) with strong correlation strength (0.77). Conclusions: There is a strong positive linear correlation between Boarding Time and the length of time patients stay in the ED (p<0.001) with strong correlation strength (0.77) and is a dominant factor with a capacity of 58.6% to explain patient’s ED LOS.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Authors: Adinda Adinda , Legiran  , Arwan Bin Laeto  , Ayeshah Augusta Rosdah  , Eka Febri Zulissetiana  , Kamalia Layal
Published: January 2025

Musculoskeletal disorders include acute and chronic conditions affecting the muscles, bones, joints, and supporting structures in the neck, back, and limbs, posing significant challenges across all age groups. Approximately 30% of cases occur in adolescents and individuals in their productive years, not just in the elderly. These disorders lead to substantial socioeconomic and health burdens. Previous research indicates that dietary patterns play a critical role in the onset and progression of these conditions. A persistent high-glycemic index (GI) diet is associated with systemic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and musculoskeletal health. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature to summarize and identify the potential relationship between high-GI diets and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Articles were collected using search engines such as PubMed, Medscape, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2013 to 2024. The findings emphasize the importance of dietary interventions as modifiable risk factors for preventing and managing musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in at-risk populations. Further studies are needed to develop dietary strategies to reduce the global burden of musculoskeletal disorders effectively.
Bridging the Gap: OCR Techniques for Noisy and Distorted Texts
Authors: Sanjay Kumar Gorai  , Shekhar Pradhan
Published: January 2025

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has evolved significantly over the years, enabling automated text extraction from a variety of sources. However, OCR systems often struggle with noisy and distorted texts, such as those found in low-quality scans, degraded historical documents, or images captured in challenging conditions. This paper explores state-of-the-art techniques and advancements in OCR for handling noisy and distorted texts. We discuss preprocessing methods, robust feature extraction, deep learning models, and post-processing techniques, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. Additionally, we analyse gaps in current research and propose future directions for developing more resilient OCR systems.
СТАН ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦІЙ DACTYLORHІZA MACULATA (L.) SOÓ В ПРИРОДНОМУ ЗАПОВІДНИКУ "РОЗТОЧЧЯ" ТА НА ПРИЛЕГЛІЙ ТЕРИТОРІЇ
Authors: Стрямець Г.В. , Ференц Н.М. , Хомин І.Г. , Дика О.О.
Published: January 2025

Представлені результати моніторингу ценопопуляцій Dactylorhіza maculata (L.) Soó на території Природного заповідника «Розточчя». Досліджено вікова структура, кількість наявних вікових груп, відсоток вікових груп та щільність особин на 100 м2. Вікові спектри досліджуваних ценопопуляцій Dactylorhіza maculatа подібні, одновершинні, нормального типу. Загальний стан ценопопуляцій погіршився, оскільки зменшилась чисельність та щільність особин.
Ключові слова: ценопопуляція, Dactylorhіza maculata, вікова структура, щільність

The monitoring results of Dactylorhіza maculata (L.) Soó coenopopulations in Roztochya Nature Reserve are presented. We investigated the age structure, number of all available age groups, percentage of age groups and the density of individuals per 100 m2. The age spectra of the studied coenopopulations of Dactylorhіza. maculata are similar, single-peaked, of a normal type. The general condition of the cenopopulations worsened, as the number and density of individuals decreased.
Keywords: coenopopulation, Dactylorhіza maculata, age structure, density
CULTURA POPULAR
Authors: Souza Wilson dos Santos , Nascimento Giovane do
Published: January 2025

A cultura popular, que por muito tempo se definiu como manifestação folclórica, apresenta um sem-número de expressões, entre as quais uma em especial conhecida como Boi, que se desdobra em diversas denominações, tais como: Bumba-Meu-Boi, Boi Bumbá, Boi Calemba Pintadinho, Reis de Boi, Boi de Reis, Boi Pintadinho, Boi Malhadinho, Boi de Mamão, entre outros. Elas envolvem uma conjunção de linguagens artísticas, que se diferenciam pela nomenclatura e como se desenvolve a brincadeira. Este artigo busca compreender, através de um balanço da produção acadêmica entre os anos de 2011 e 2022, como vem sendo estudadas as práticas musicais dos Bois, e mais especificamente nos processos de transmissão musical. Para tanto, identificou-se o quantitativo de trinta e uma produções acadêmicas e organizou-se esse quantitativo em quadros por ano de publicação, tipo de IES e tipo de produção; região, UF e IES de origem; programa e área de avaliação da CAPES. Em seguida elencaram-se categorias deduzidas dos resumos, palavras-chave e sumários, e, em alguns casos, leitura de capítulos. Teceram-se algumas considerações tendo por base os conceitos de decolonialidade, interculturalidade associadas à abordagem etnomusicológica.
Palavras-chave: Transmissão musical, política cultural, etnomusicologia.
MEMORIAIS DE LEITURA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E PROFESSORAS
Authors: Costa Bruna de Almeida , Oliveira Gabriela Rodella de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo apresenta análise parcial de um corpus de 102 memoriais de leitura coletados em 2015 entre licenciandos na disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino de Língua Portuguesa II e estudantes da disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino de Língua Portuguesa: Alfabetização, ambas da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. A proposta de produção de tais memoriais teve como objetivo proporcionar uma reflexão aos estudantes sobre sua formação como leitores. Por meio da análise do material, categorias de sujeitos leitores foram construídas. Constataram-se aspectos importantes e recorrentes nesses textos autobiográficos, como o papel fundamental da mediação no desenvolvimento de práticas de leitura literária, entraves e dificuldades em tais práticas e matizes na formação dos sujeitos leitores.
Uso de cigarros eletrônicos entre estudantes de medicina no Brasil: prevalência e percepções
Authors: Pantoja Jessica Corrêa , Tsukamoto Júlia Costa , Alegrio Bruna Lopes , Machado Clarice Lima , Mella João Pedro , Bertolli Larissa Pezato , Matos Luana Maria , Furlan Mariana Xavier da Silveira , Mattar Rodrigo He Marduy , Avelino Yasmin David
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e as percepções do uso de cigarros eletrônicos entre estudantes de medicina no Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo seguindo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute, incluindo formulação da questão de pesquisa, busca e seleção de estudos, extração de dados e síntese dos resultados. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, identificados nas bases SciELO, BVS e Google Scholar, utilizando os descritores “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”, “Medical Students”, “Associated Factors” e “Prevalence”. Resultados: A prevalência do uso de cigarros eletrônicos entre estudantes de medicina varia amplamente, entre 13,1% e 57,9%. As principais motivações incluem curiosidade, influência social e tentativa de cessação do tabagismo. Embora a maioria dos estudantes reconheça os riscos à saúde associados aos cigarros eletrônicos, existem lacunas significativas na formação médica sobre o tema. Considerações Finais: A elevada incidência de utilização de cigarros eletrônicos entre estudantes de medicina é impulsionada pela curiosidade e influências sociais. Apesar das limitações metodológicas, esta pesquisa é essencial para compreender as percepções e comportamentos correlatos, sublinhando a necessidade urgente de uma educação mais abrangente nas faculdades de medicina sobre os impactos na saúde pública.
ВПЛИВ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА СПОЖИВЧІ РИНКИ
Authors: Olefir Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

В статті досліджено вплив інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) на функціонування ринків споживчих товарів. В історичному аспекті проаналізовано етапи розвитку ІКТ, їх основні види на сучасному етапі в контексті поліпшення функціонування споживчих ринків. Особливу увагу приділено контролю якості продовольчих товарів, відстеженню руху споживчих товарів із використанням технології блокчейн, системі електронної сертифікації, розвиткові електронної торгівлі. Узагальнено проблеми, які виникають під час застосування ІКТ на ринках споживчих товарів. Проведено аналіз застосування ІКТ у вітчизняній практиці контролю якості продовольчих товарів. Зроблено висновок про те, що подальший розвиток міжнародної електронної сертифікації залежить від таких чинників: 1) створення належної регуляторної бази для країн, що розвиваються; 2) укладання міжнародної угоди, яка регламентує обсяги інформації, яка охоплюється електронною сертифікацією, гарантії конфіденційності, правила доступу до інформації та обміну даними; 3) гарантування найменш розвинутим країнам отримання реальних вигід від системи безпаперової сертифікації. Використання інформації, яка збирається і обробляється під час відстеження життєвого циклу споживчих товарів потребує регламентації. Це стосується вирішення проблем прав власності на інформацію, її конфіденційності, рівного доступу до неї фізичних, юридичних осіб, країн із різних рівнем розвитку ІКТ тощо. Обґрунтовано рекомендації щодо прискорення запровадження ІКТ та адаптації регуляторної бази до структурних змін на споживчих ринках. Запропоновано прискорити розробку галузевої програми цифрової трансформації системи контролю якості і безпеки продуктів харчування у відповідності із Законом України «Про національну програму інформатизації» від 01.12.2022 р. №2807-IX та постановою Кабінету Міністрів України «Деякі питання Національної програми інформатизації» від 02.02.2024 р. №119. Обґрунтовано доцільність адаптації імпортних ІКТ контролю безпеки та якості до місцевих умов, одночасно з підтримкою вітчизняних оригінальних розробок.
A Value-Based Approach to AI Ethics: Accountability, Transparency, Explainability, and Usability
Authors: Iyer Vish , Manshad Moe , Brannon Daniel
Published: January 2025

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prevalent, ensuring its ethical development and deployment is paramount. This paper proposes a value-based approach to AI ethics, focusing on four key principles: accountability, transparency, explainability, and usability. By examining these principles, providing real-world examples, and discussing implementation challenges, we contribute to the ongoing discourse on responsible AI development and offer practical insights for stakeholders across various industries.
Editor’s Letter
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez José
Published: January 2025

Welcome to the 54th issue of our journal, where we present diverse research articles that delve into contemporary issues across various fields. This issue combines empirical studies and theoretical explorations illuminating different aspects of business, tourism, food preferences, and organizational culture. We aim to provide insightful analyses and foster a deeper understanding of these multifaceted topics.
Can transcriptome size and off-target effects explain the contrasting evolution of mitochondrial vs nuclear RNA editing?
Authors: Sloan Daniel
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial RNA editing has evolved independently in numerous eukaryotic lineages, where it generally restores conserved sequences and functional reading frames in mRNA transcripts derived from altered or disrupted mitochondrial protein-coding genes. In contrast to this “restorative” RNA editing in mitochondria, most editing of nuclear mRNAs introduces novel sequence variants and diversifies the proteome. This Perspective addresses the hypothesis that these completely opposite effects of mitochondrial vs nuclear RNA editing arise from the enormous difference in gene number between the respective genomes. Because mitochondria produce a much smaller transcriptome, they likely create less opportunity for off-target editing, which has been supported by recent experimental work expressing mitochondrial RNA editing machinery in foreign contexts. These findings suggest that a low risk of off-target editing has facilitated the repeated emergence of disrupted mitochondrial genes and associated restorative RNA editing systems via (potentially non-adaptive) evolutionary pathways that are not feasible in larger nuclear transcriptomes due to lack of precision.
Ibn Tofail University Students’ Attitudes Towards Implementing English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI)
Authors: Mohamed El Machichi Mohamed , Brigui Hind
Published: January 2025

This study investigates Ibn Tofail Faculty of Science students’ attitudes towards implementing English as a medium of instruction (EMI). This research examines students’ language proficiency, educational backgrounds, and equity issues in a possible shift to EMI. Findings corroborate existing literature indicating strongly positive attitudes towards a possible shift to EMI but highlight disparities in linguistic readiness between public and high school graduates. This study underscores the need for a comprehensive language policy centred around fostering equity to ensure the success of any possible shift to EMI.
The influence of bank-specific variables on banks’ stability: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Twairesh Abdullah Ewayed , Bata Ismail Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study is to find out what makes Saudi Arabian banks unstable by using a panel data analysis with ten banks’ carefully chosen annual data from 2009 to 2022. Based on the fixed effect model, this study indicates that Saudi Arabian bank stability is unaffected by liquidity risk but is statistically and negatively impacted by credit risk and bank size. Conversely, capital adequacy and funding risk positively and statistically impact bank stability in Saudi Arabia. In light of these findings, we strongly recommend making capital adequacy requirements obligatory for bank management, given their beneficial effect on bank stability. This study recommended that bank management adopt practices such as safe loan provision and prompt customer repayment to mitigate credit risk. Bank managers have to guarantee liquidity adequacy in their banks and improve credit standards by increasing client supplemental requirements. While our study found that liquidity risk does not directly affect banks' financial stability, we propose that bank management should also focus on finding effective ways to generate client deposits to enhance financial stability further.
General Hardy-type operators on local generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Ho Kwok-pun , Yee Tat-leung
Published: January 2025

This paper extends the mapping properties of the general Hardy-type operators to local Morrey spaces built on ball quasi-Banach function spaces. As applications of the main result, we establish the two weight norm inequalities of the Hardy operators to the local Morrey spaces, the mapping properties of the Riemann-Liouville integrals on local Morrey spaces built on rearrangement-invariant quasi-Banach function spaces, the Hardy inequalities on the local Morrey spaces with variable exponents.
Understanding the Dynamics of the Political Use of Religion in Bangladesh: Causes, Process, and Consequences
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Islam Shafiul , Saara Khan Amia , Akter Sathi Halima
Published: January 2025

This paper attempts to understand how religion plays a pivotal role in politics with a focus on the process through which amalgamation of religion and politics usually takes place, and how such amalgamation impacts the political sphere in Bangladesh. By using Riaz’s political expediency theory, this paper argues that the political use of religion was institutionalized by the military regimes to consolidate their power base and while for democratic governments, the primary reason to use religion as a political agenda was to gain mass popularity. However, this tendency always possesses the risk of falling out of balance and creating communal tension. The purpose led to materializing drastic steps such as state- sponsored patronization, constitutional modification, depiction of religious attitudes  by  political  leaders,  political  expediency, and application of digital platforms for political purpose, that eventually caused the amalgamation of religion and politics. The impact of such amalgamation is found primarily negative, including restricting attitude toward liberal ideology and threat to minorities.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 39-56.
Under Construction (2015): A Sketchy Attempt to Depict Female Subjectivity
Authors: Rubyat Mursalin Khandakar
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the role and representation of the female characters in Rubaiyat Hossain’s critically acclaimed feminist film Under Construction (2015). This qualitative and explorative study uses textual analysis and approaches to representation by Stuart Hall as the methodology. This study deploys the concept of feminist political economy, women and economics, and subjectivity as the theoretical framework. Findings show that female characters in the film either adhered to traditional gender roles or were financially dependent on others. Hence, they were prone to being exploited by male-dominated systems due to their limited choices and lack of control. This study delves into the experiences of three women characters, examining their behavior in response to societal norms and the perceptions they encounter from others. Its goal is to grasp the fundamental concepts of feminist political economy, women and economics, and subjectivity to assess their relevance in contemporary society.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 73-90.
Understanding State Policy and the Role of Bangladesh National Museum in Preserving Ethnic Culture in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Shah Md Mojahar , Shah Md Faruk
Published: January 2025

This article aims to understand the state policies and the specific role played by the Bangladesh National Museum in preserving and safeguarding ethnic cultures in Bangladesh. Three specific objectives were pursued: the description of the provisions outlined in different laws, acts, and policies that are designed to safeguard ethnic cultures, the examination of the diverse ethnic objects’ collections stored in the museum; and the analysis of the role played by the museum in the collection, exhibition, and preservation of objects pertaining to ethnic groups. The anthropological understanding has been used to comprehend ethnic minorities, policy, and the role of the museum. In-depth interviews, KII, and policy document analysis have been used to collect data. The study argues that state policies mostly prioritize infrastructure development programmes, mainstreaming efforts, and the assimilation of ethnic communities rather than establishing specific and contextually appropriate strategies and actions for the preservation of ethnic traditions and customs. Similar to state policy, the museum has collected artefacts from 14 ethnic groups of the country. Most of the collected objects are from Tripura, Garo Chakma, and Santals groups, with six categories of cultural aspects, e.g., ornament, textile, musical instrument, arms, armour and metal. The museum’s identification of some artefacts belonging to ethnic groups is hindered by the improper collecting procedure. Only 2.7% of total artefacts are ethnic objects, which is insufficient to represent all ethnic cultures. The state policy lacks specificity for preserving ethnic cultures, leading to distorted practices by the museum in dealing with ethnic groups, compromising objectivity and universality in museum practices due to inherent politics in policy-making.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 215-236.
The	Evolution of Regional Representativeness in the Administrative Cadre Service of Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Shubhasish , Shahan Asif Mohammad , Hassan Molla Mahmud
Published: January 2025

The regional diversity in civil service may foster more equitable distribution of public resources and an increase in innovative service delivery. Before 2018, the government of Bangladesh relied on the districts’ share of population as a tool to ensure regional variation in the civil service. There is no systematic research in the existing literature exploring the effects of different types of quotas on the representativeness of bureaucracy in Bangladesh. In this study, we attempt to address this gap in the literature and explore to what extent the population share based quota system contributes to improving the representation of underserved regions of the country. It is found that the districts’ share of population and share of freedom fighters play a major role in determining the regional representativeness in the BCS administration cadre. Among the socio-economic factors, university completion rates of the districts are found to be positively correlated with the districts’ share of officials, while the sign of the coefficient on the poverty rates of the districts changes from positive to negative.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 237-259.