bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Jingmen tick virus in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Cao Huabin , LIU Zirui , Hu Ruiming , Huang Peng , Yan Hui , Meng Puyan , Xiong Zhiwei , Dai Xueyan , Yang Fan , Wang Li , Qiu Qian , Yan Linjie , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2023

Background
The Jingmen tick virus is a newly identified segmented flaviviruses that has been recognized in multiple hosts, including humans. It has been reported in nine provinces of China in recent years, implying potential threads to public health.
Methods
In current study, We collected 66 ticks from 17 wild boars in four cities of Jiangxi Province for JMTV epidemic investigation. Viral metagenomic sequencing was employed to obtain the full genome sequence of one JMTV strain (WY01) in Jiangxi Province. Further bioinformatic analysis including multiple sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis were applied to profile the genetic background of WY01.
Results
JMTV has been detected in Shangrao, Nanchang, and Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province with positivity rates of 27.3%, 30%, and 16.7%, respectively. The positive rate of JMTV carried by Haemaphysalis longicornis and Dermacentor silvarum was 14.6% and 33.3% respectively. Furthermore, we have obtained the complete genome of a strain named WY01. Phylogenetic analysis divided the strains into two genotypes, Group I and Group II. Group I includes strains from Europe, Central America, and West Asia, while Group II consists of strains from East Asia and Southeast Asia. Group II was further split into two subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that WY01 belongs to subgroup IIb and it shares the closest evolutionary relationship with the strains of Japan rather than the strains from neighboring provinces.
Conclusions
Current study showed that JMTV is prevalent in the ticks of wild boars in Jiangxi Province, implying potential threat on public health. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic clustering was generally associated with geographical location, however, the inconsistency was observed in China and Japan strains. The close evolutionary relationship between WY01 and Japanese strains suggests that JMTV have complex transmission mechanism and pathways. In the future, there is a pressing necessity to enhance epidemiological investigations of JMTV.
Quantum Particle Swarm Optimized Extreme Learning Machine for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Qi Han , Liu Xinyu , Gani Abdullah , Gong Changqing
Published: December 2023

Ensuring a secure online environment hinges on the timely detection of network attacks. Nevertheless, existing detection methods often grapple with the delicate balance between speed and accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a novel intrusion detection algorithm that marries quantum particle swarm optimization with an extreme learning machine (QPSO-ELM). Firstly, we present a feature selection algorithm grounded in partitioned gains to distill vital features from data samples, thereby diminishing feature count to amplify both model training speed and accuracy. Subsequently, we unveil an intrusion detection scheme underpinned by QPSO-ELM, capable of achieving exceptional levels of training and detection speed, all while maintaining high accuracy. Finally, we fine-tune the trained model using the proposed hidden layer node selection algorithm, reducing the detection model size without compromising detection accuracy, thus further elevating its speed. The experiment results indicate that compared to the current baseline, our proposed intrusion detection scheme achieves the best results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and detection latency. Furthermore, the ablation experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in improving both detection speed and detection accuracy.
Ultra-sensitive determination of fenitrothion pesticide in orange juice by gold-printed electrode modified with AgNPs/Carbon dots/MWCNTs Nanoarchitecture employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Ferreira Joao H. A , Battistella M A , Peres Renato M , Canevari Thiago C
Published: December 2023

This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical application of innovative AgNPs/Carbon dots/MWCNTs nanoarchitecture. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been obtained by directly reducing silver nitrate salt in Carbon dots/MWCNTs alcoholic solution. UV-vis spectroscopy, HR-TEM, XPS, and electrochemical techniques have characterized this nanoarchitecture. The AgNPs/Carbon dots/MWCNTs nanoarchitecture has been dispersed on a gold printed electrode surface, showing excellent electrocatalytic activity for fenitrothion determination in acetate buffer, pH 4.5 by impedance electrochemistry spectroscopy with a detection limit of 0.48 nmol L− 1. The fenitrothion pesticide detection was also performed in orange juice and did not suffer significant interference from other pesticides.
Corporate Governance in China: Re-explore the Interconnection between Ownership Concentration, Related-Party Transactions, and Tunneling
Authors: Li Shuang , He Jie
Published: December 2023

While tunneling and related-party transactions are age-old topics, they still persist as lingering issues in the corporate governance field of emerging market economies to this day. This study focuses on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2021, employing innovative methodological approach, objectively and dialectically examining the support and tunneling effects of related-party transactions, empirically investigates the relationship between related-party transactions and tunneling, as well as the link between ownership concentration and the extent and likelihood of tunneling by majority shareholders via related-party transactions. This study has positive implications for the optimization and improvement of corporate governance mechanisms in emerging market economies. It also provides some enlightening insights for the stable development of financial markets in the vast developing countries.
Spectrum Sharing Environment Using Deep Learing Techniques
Authors: Alhashimi Mustafa T. Mohammed , Madlol Baidaa M.
Published: December 2023

Recently, the satellite communication has main demand but still facing main problems which are the spectrum limited, both cognitive-radio (CR) and non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) methods are identified as a one of the potential solutions for these issues. Using the deep learning techniques with the CR and NOMA systems will be improvement in the spectrum effectiveness. One of the performance enhancement of the NOMA, the integration with the satellite-terrestrial-relay-network (ISTRN) in a spectrum-sharing context of several main-users (PUs) is examined. We specifically presented and given the interference limitation imposed by several nearby pus and its effect on each other’s. The closed-form formulations are investigated the ergodic-capacity (EC) and outage-probability (OP). The asymptotic-analysis for OP at high SNRs is achieved to get additional insights. To support our research and reveal the effects of the significant characteristics on the quality of the system; the numerical data and analysis are provided with deep discussions.
Assessment of energy deficiency in university soccer players
Authors: Takahashi Ryunosuke , Fujii Takako
Published: December 2023

Worldwide, athletes have become increasingly concerned about becoming emaciated in recent years. Moreover, university athletes who continue to train at a high intensity are more likely to be undernourished due to intense nutrient depletion and frequent dietary deficiencies. We therefore investigated energy deficits through a dietary survey of athletes in order to determine whether their ability to self-manage food varied according to their athletic ability. Thirty-four participants who were members of a university soccer club were included in this study. To assess self-management ability based on athletic ability, athletes were divided into two groups: a high athletic ability group (group A) and a general athletic ability group (group B). We found that hemoglobin levels were 15.7 (SD 1.3) g/dl for group A and 15.5 (0.8) g/dl for group B, with no anemic subjects in either group. Group A had significantly higher serum ferritin levels than group B. A nutritional assessment showed that group A had significantly higher levels of energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and dietary fiber than group B. When athletes' nutrient intake was compared to their nutritional intake goals, group A met more items than group B. In addition, a comparison of PFC rates (Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate as % of total energy) showed that group A was within the target amounts, whereas group B had a higher percentage of fat. These results suggest that group A was more capable of self-management of their diet than group B.
Zusammen.machen – Schulen bei der Einrichtung eines Makerspace systemisch unterstützen
Authors: Tewes Johanna , Boveland Kerstin
Published: December 2023

In dem Pilotprojekt «Makerhubs» wurden elf Schulen von der Stabsstelle Digitalisierung der Hamburger Schulbehörde bei der Einrichtung eines Makerspaces begleitet und durch Ressourcen unterstützt. Das Projekt startete im Schuljahr 2021/22 und endete im Sommer 2023. Die im Rahmen dieser Prozessbegleitung gemachten Erfahrungen werden in diesem Beitrag näher beschrieben. Hierzu wird zunächst dargestellt, welches grundlegende Verständnis von Makerspaces im Kontext von schulischer Lernraumgestaltung und Kompetenzentwicklung dem Projekt zugrunde liegt und welche konkreten Ziele verfolgt wurden. Darauf aufbauend werden die einzelnen Module der Makerhubs mit Umsetzungsbeispielen aus der schulischen Praxis näher erläutert. Anschliessend erfolgt eine Darstellung der Herausforderungen und Gelingensbedingungen, die ein auf Offenheit, Kollaboration und Vernetzung angelegter Prozess wie dieser mit sich gebracht hat.
You’re Not Burnt Out: They are Setting You on Fire: Addressing Institutional Responses to the Duel American Pandemics
Authors: Jason Kendra , Brown Candace , Dunn Kaja , Starker Glass Tehia , Bowman Lewis Janaka
Published: December 2023

This themed issue presents a collection of novel scholarship centering Black womxn academics who navigate the pressure of the academy amidst institutional racism compounded by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, this issue provides cutting-edge research to assist higher education administrators and university stakeholders to understand how to support Black womxn in their quest to continue thriving and surviving in the academy. Our overall goal is to help our academic sisters realize that we are not burned out, that we are being set on fire by institutional forces; and to find ways to become flame resistant.
Modernization Efforts of Prussia and the Ottoman Empire in Army and Military Education and the impact of Prussia on Ottoman Military Education
Authors: KURŞUN TÜKENMEZ Özge
Published: December 2023

In this study, the modernization studies conducted by the Ottoman Empire and Prussia in their armies and in their military trainings are discussed. The Military Schools established by both Ottoman Empire and Prussia for military education were examined separately and the effects of Prussian officers on Ottoman military education system was stated. In the related literature, it is mostly stated that the Ottoman military education was tried to be modernized by taking example of the western states, the establishment process of Military Academy in Ottoman Empire by Sultan Mahmud II as a model of Royal Military School (Ecole Royale Militaire) in France and increment of the effects of Prussia on Ottoman military system in line with the developing political relations between these Empires. However, the related studies about the military education of the western states where the Ottoman military education reforms are taken as an example, and the military education of Prussia who has a significant role in Ottoman military education are limited in number. For this reason, the military education reforms carried out by the Ottoman Empire and Prussia, which is an important example of the reforms in Ottoman military education, were examined in this study. In this context, it is defined that why these reforms wanted to be realized, which deficiencies were tried to be eliminated, what kind of role the officers played in these reforms and which institutions they established. Therefore, the military modernization policies of both Prussia and the Ottoman Empire, their military education, the curricula taught in military schools, the position of Prussian influence in Ottoman military education and its effects, were indicated by examining the Ottoman archive documents and related research studies.
A Group of Urartu Pins from the Ahlat, Erzurum, and Van Archeology Museums
Authors: YİĞİTPAŞA Davut
Published: December 2023

The data on ornaments and jewelry in the Kingdom of Urartu has been obtained from archaeological excavations rather than written documents. This study covers the data on the pins obtained from the Urartu centers in the Eastern Anatolia Region and mostly from their necropoleis. From this point of view, we analyzed the pins in Van, Ahlat, and Erzurum Archeology Museums in this study. Pins, one of the types of jewelry used for decoration, are generally thin, flat, cylindrical and mostly made of metal, and used for sewing clothes and attaching the ends of the clothes and the hair. The pin consists of a head, body and tip shaped in various ways. Some archaeological finds include a crown decorated with plant or animal figures on the head and elements called torus and bracelets on which it is placed. On the other hand, the body consists of a hole and a pin that tapers toward the tip. We analyzed the chronology, meanings, usage methods, and construction techniques of Urartian pins, which consist of animal heads, animal figures, fruit and plant heads, bud and knot heads, and flat heads. We obtained results by dating the settlement finds within the Urartu State’s borders and the contemporary neighboring region by conducting analogies between them. We also tried to identify the symbolic meanings Urartian pins can have as protection from evil, magic, decoration, status indicators, and the belief that the person will be protected forever after death.
Türkçe Bilimsel Metinlerde Tanıtlayıcıların İşlevleri
Authors: AYDIN Esra , İŞERİ Kamil , IŞIK İzel , ESMİOĞLU Ece
Published: December 2023

Üstsöylem; düşüncelerin ifade ediliş biçiminin yanında alıcılarla kurulan ilişkileri de kapsamaktadır. Yazarlar okuyucuları ile ilişki kurabilmek için söylemi düzenlemeye, okuyucuları da metne dâhil etmeye ve kendi düşüncelerini okuyucuya aktarmaya ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda yazarın metne ve okuyucuya karşı duruşunu somut olarak gösterebilmek için kullandığı dilsel kaynaklar üstsöylem olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Üstsöylem, bilgi odaklı ve alıcı odaklı etkileşimli belirleyiciler aracılığıyla farklı dilsel işlevler üstlenerek yazarın duruşunu belirlemeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Üstsöylem modelinin alt ulamı olan tanıtlayıcılar ise yazarın düşüncesini desteklemesi ya da karşıt sav oluşturabilmesi için başka metinlerde kullanılan bilgiye gönderimde bulunmasıdır. Bu çalışmada amaç, tanıtlayıcıların dilsel gerçekleşmelerinin üstsöylem aracı olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü, alıcıyı ikna etme konusunda nasıl bir rol oynadığını incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile yapılandırılan ve belge tarama modeli kullanılan çalışmanın veri tabanını Dergipark’ta yer alan ve 2022 yılı Ocak-Haziran dönemleri arasında üniversiteler tarafından yayımlanan hakemli dergiler oluşturmaktadır. Orantısal örneklem büyüklüğü hesaplama formülü ile belirlenen örneklem, 78 araştırma makalesinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada Hyland (2005)’in üstsöylem modelinde yer alan bilgi odaklı etkileşimli üstsöylem belirleyicisi olan tanıtlayıcıların Türkçedeki işlevleri üstsöylemsel bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Türkçe Sosyal Bilimler alanlarında kullanılan tanıtlayıcıların işlevleri belirlenmiş, bu işlevlerin alana özgülüğü ve Sosyal Bilimler açısından genellenebilir olma durumları tartışılmıştır. Tarih, Sosyoloji, Psikoloji ve Felsefe alanları arasından en sık tanıtlayıcı kullanımının Tarih, en az sıklığın ise Felsefe alanına ait olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Study of the Stability and Homogeneity of Powdered Egg Matrix as a Candidate for Certified Reference Material for the Determination of Centesimal Composition
Authors: Lopes Tiago Antonio , Chiavelli Lucas Ulisses , dos Santos Patrícia Daniele , Visentainer Jesuí , Santos Oscar
Published: December 2023

The full process of fresh egg preservation presents limitations and is associated with high transportation costs, while processed powdered eggs offer numerous advantages, such as high stability against degradation, providing extended shelf life, easy production, transportation, and favorable storage conditions. Traditional methods for determining the proximate composition of eggs and derivatives lack the capability to eliminate the matrix effect and do not guarantee adequate precision of the results. Therefore, Certified Reference Material (CRM) are the most suitable and effective tool to achieve this purpose. However, in Brazil, CRMs for powdered egg matrix are currently unavailable, although it is not possible to eliminate matrix effects, these can be included in the measurement uncertainty of each CRM. This study aimed to develop a candidate CRM for the powdered egg matrix with the requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (17034:2016) for proximate composition analyses. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for stability and homogeneity indicated no significant variation among the data obtained in the tests and the storage time of the material. Consequently, it was concluded that the powdered egg matrix is stable under simulated transportation conditions (short-term stability) as well as storage conditions (long-term stability) and exhibits adequate homogeneity for a CRM candidate.
Assessing the Leadership Qualities of Industrial Enterprises’ Managers: Methodological Approach
Authors: Kirichenko Andrey , Yakovenko Tat'yana
Published: December 2023

The modern development period features, as well as the specific conditions of functioning and development of industrial enterprises require more advanced approaches to the managers’ leadership qualities analysis. Currently, the issue of assessing leadership qualities and the influence of leadership on the performance indicators of the enterprise remains relevant. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodological sequence of leadership assessment in the personnel management system of industrial enterprises, contributing to their effective operation. The development and implementation of such a methodological approach at an industrial enterprise will provide answers to topical issues of the formation and influence of leadership on the innovative, technological, and socio-economic development of an industrial enterprise. Based on the analysis, the article examines the relevance and shortcomings of existing methods for assessing leadership in industrial enterprises. The authors determine the indicators of leadership assessment and reveal the features of leadership assessment; substantiate methodological sequence of leadership assessment in the personnel management system of industrial enterprises. The authors conclude that the leadership formation and its use should be assessed. In the process of forming a methodology for assessing leadership, it is important to evaluate its impact on achieving the main innovative, technological, and socio-economic guidelines of the enterprise.
Economic Contribution of International Students (Case of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Afzali Mehdi
Published: December 2023

The number and mobility of international student is a sign of quality and prestige for universities and educational institutions. International student mobility impacts different aspects of global society, including socioeconomic, political, and cultural environment, science, and technology. In order to compete in the global educational environment and attract international students, Russia has been offering a wide range of programs where the English is the language of instruction. This paper offers a descriptive research and uses a systematic approach to analyze monetary gains of Russia brought in by international students. The research uses secondary data provided by official international organizations. The results show that 64.5% of the international students who studied full-time in Russian universities in academic year 2017 / 2018 were self-financed. Among the top 6 destination countries for international students, Russia spends the lowest percentage of GDP on education, has the lowest economic contribution of international students to GDP and total economic contribution of international students. International students in Russia spent around $637.5 million on tuition and $1,632.7 million on household expenses during the period of study. The aggregate income from providing Russian educational services to foreign citizens is $2,270.2 million.
A Novel Natural Graph for Efficient Clustering of Virus Genome Sequences
Authors: Song Harris , Sun Nan , Yu Wenping , Yau Stephen S.-T.
Published: December 2023

Background:

This study addresses the need for analyzing viral genome sequences and understanding
their genetic relationships. The focus is on introducing a novel natural graph approach as
a solution.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed
natural graph approach in clustering viral genome sequences into distinct clades, subtypes, or
districts. Additionally, the aim is to explore its interpretability, potential applications, and implications
for pandemic control and public health interventions.

Methods:

The study utilizes the proposed natural graph algorithm to cluster viral genome sequences.
The results are compared with existing methods and multidimensional scaling to evaluate the performance
and effectiveness of the approach.

Results:

The natural graph approach successfully clusters viral genome sequences, providing valuable
insights into viral evolution and transmission dynamics. The ability to generate directed connections
between nodes enhances the interpretability of the results, facilitating the investigation of transmission
pathways and viral fitness.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the potential applications of the natural graph algorithm in pandemic
control, transmission tracing, and vaccine design. Future research directions may involve scaling
up the analysis to larger datasets and incorporating additional genetic features for improved resolution.

:

The natural graph approach presents a promising tool for viral genomics research with implications
for public health interventions.
Follow-up of Patients with Hereditary Metabolic Diseases during the 3
Years of the Pandemic in the Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolism
Diseases of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte
Authors: Belo Anabela , Gomes Daniel , Nunes Patricia , Oliveira Anabela
Published: December 2023

Introduction::

The adult unit of the Reference Center for Hereditary Metabolism Diseases
of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte was created in 2002. The team that
supports this unit is made up of several specialists, including 2 Internal Medicine Doctors and 2
Nutritionists. The unit carries out its activity mainly in an outpatient clinic on Fridays. Between
March 2020 and December 2022, the team adapted the support given to this unit, transforming
some external appointments into non-face-to-face appointments in order to maintain contact
with patients and reduce the deslocation to the CHULN.

Methods::

The analysis reported below reflects the activity in face-to-face and non-face-to-face
appointment of the medical team and nutrition team in the critical period.

Results/Case Report::

A total of 220 patients were evaluated, 56.4% female and 43.6% male.
Regarding the evaluated pathologies, these were divided into 3 groups: aminoacidopathies –
40%, organic aciduria – 6.5% and other metabolic diseases – 53.5%. During these three years a
total of 580 nutrition appointments were scheduled, 457 face-to-face and 123 non-face-to-face.
32% of patients scheduled did not attend the appointments or it was not possible to make telephone
contact. This percentage is divided into 90% face-to-face appointments and 10% nonface-
to-face appointments. Regarding medical appointments, the total was 797, 667 of which
were face-to-face and 130 non-face-to-face. 16.8% of absences were registered in face-to-face
and non-face-to-face appointments. 98.5% of absences concern non-face-to-face appointments.

Conclusion::

Despite the troubled period worldwide, support for these patients was always ensured,
both by the Medical team and the Nutrition team. Despite the solutions found to keep
patients safe, in this specific period, the % of absences from the outpatient clinic is quite high,
and one of the main justifications presented by the patients is related to the fact that they are
afraid to go to the hospital. With regard to absences recorded in non-face-to-face appointments,
there were several situations in which patients reported not being able to answer the phone during
their working hours.
Managing Libraries and Information Centres using Cloud Computing
Authors: Harikrishnan C. A.
Published: December 2023

Cloud computing is basically a new phenomenon for providing services over
the internet. The biggest plus point of cloud computing is that it uses third-party
hardware and software applications for providing services. It is very much costeffective and easy to maintain. This type of emerging technology is being adopted by
the 21st century libraries and information centres. Cloud computing can be used in
libraries to provide better services. Cloud computing allows users of the library to
access information from any geographic location. Cloud computing is helpful for
libraries and information centres in automating and managing their services. 
Emerging AI Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Multimedia Systems
Authors: Devisivasankari P. , Vijayakumar R.
Published: December 2023

Intelligent and interactive multimedia systems are in a constant state of
evolution, with new technologies and developments being introduced daily. AI is a
fundamental enabler of these technologies, providing intelligence and interactivity
required to make them more useful and user-friendly. This article examines the current
state of AI-based intelligent and interactive multimedia systems, highlighting the most
promising trends and obstacles. Then, we explore emerging AI trends that are
anticipated to play a significant role in overcoming these obstacles and enabling the
development of new and more complex intelligent and interactive multimedia systems.
Carbon Based Polymer Composites in Water Treatment and Filtration
Authors: Yeasmin Sabina , Bose Soma
Published: December 2023

The world at large has acknowledged the importance of environmental
issues. The depletion of natural resources, such as drinking water, and the emission of
greenhouse gases that result in climatic change and the deterioration of human health,
are the primary concerns. As urban areas expand rapidly, they exert enormous strain on
nearby water supplies, leading to a global freshwater demand surge that is outpacing
population expansion. The development of polymer nanocomposites has contributed
significantly to the search for viable answers to pressing ecological concerns. Their
ability to eradicate pollutants, including gas emissions, heavy metals, and dyes in
wastewater has garnered researchers’ attention. In this overview, polymer
nanocomposites, as well as the composites reinforced with biocarbon that are used in
environmentally friendly ways, are discussed in detail. The adsorption mechanism and
applications of polymer nanocomposites for the removal of hazardous metal ions and
dyes were also studied.
Sistema de alimentación de Biogás para un motor de combustión interna
Authors: Lira Guillermo , Oliveros D. Alfredo , Barrera E. Jhordan
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo se propone un sistema de suministro dual de biogás/gasolina para un motor de combustión interna de encendido por chispa de baja potencia. Se presentan aspectos vinculados con el diseño, construcción y pruebas del sistema dealimentación del motor, incluyendo los mecanismos y accesorios de regulación en diferentes regímenes de operación. Para el diseño del carburador-mezclador se haempleado un modelo matemático para optimizar su geometría, minimizando las pérdidasde presión y manteniendo la relación aire-combustible adecuada. Se incluyen los resultados de los ensayos realizados entre julio de 2000 y junio de 2002 en el Instituto de Motores de Combustión Interna de la UNI en un motor estacionario monocilíndricode gasolina de 6 kW.
Role of Dushivisha w.s.r. to Allergic Skin Diseases
Authors: Gaur Bhanu Pratap , Vikas Mishra  , Jai Kumar Singh
Published: December 2023

The Today's life is far from the law of nature. As we all know that it is the age of advanced technology, that competing with the natural and organic world, making our life embedded in to the test tube of toxins. Use of intoxicating beverages, canned food, irregular eating and sleeping habits, food adulterants, preservatives, additives, fruit ripening chemicals, pesticides, synthetic drugs have taken modern man to a world, where immunity is declining day after day and many diseases evolving. These are various forms of toxins which enter in body through various routs if not excreted completely and stay remain inside the body will converted into Dushivisha. Allergic skin diseases are major problem affecting people of all age groups which are due to hypersensitivity of body's immune system to certain physical or chemical agent. The concept of Dushivisha in relation with allergic skin diseases are clearly mentioned in Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and other ancient ayurvedic texts. Some of the skin problems caused by Dushivisha, which are described in Samhitas are Kustha, Mandal, Visharpa, Bhinna Varna (discoloration of skin), [Su.K.Cha.2/30-31] Shonit Dushti, Kitibha and Kotha.[Cha.Chi.23/31]. The cause of all these diseases is Dushivisha which get aggravated due to its provoking factors like exposure to eastern wind, indigestion, cold, daytime sleep and on taking unwholesome food etc. [A.H. U.35/37] All these things suggested, the important role of Dushivisha in allergic skin diseases.
Fundamentals of Nyaya Darshan and their influence upon Charaka Samhita
Authors: Priyanka Katyar  , Vipin Kumar
Published: December 2023

Nyaya Darshana and Ayurveda being contemporary sciences have influenced and complemented each other. The concepts of Nyaya Darshana are selectively incorporated in Ayurveda to suit its objectives viz. Swasthya Rakshana and Roga Prashamana. Most of the concepts of the Nyaya are accepted as such, some are modified for the medical sciences. Application of the concept of Nyaya in conjunction with Ayurveda enhances the therapeutic application of contemporary system of healing. Ayurveda is a Sarvadarshan Parishada Shastra which means this system of health science is related to various Darshanas. There are similarities of some concept of Charaka Samhita and Nyaya Darshana Shastra, but as the Prayojana (aim) of both Shastra are same into some extent. As Charak Samhita is a main text book of Ayurveda so a study of the influence of Nyaya Darshana on classics like Charaka Samhita should be analysed. In this study we will try to correlate various concepts of Charak Samhita and Nyaya philosophy.
A classical review on Guduchi Taila
Authors: Arti Kumari  , Gunjan  , C.B Singh  , Gaurav
Published: December 2023

Guduchi Taila is an exquisite referred to in administration of Vatarakta. Guduchi Taila is one of the efficient medicines which contain Guduchi Kwath, Guduchi Kalka, Dugdha, processed in Til Taila only used with the aid of Vaishya’s in Vatarakta. Gouty Arthritis can be well correlated to Vata-Pithadhika Vatarakta. Gout is a pathological response of joint or periarticular tissues which result from deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal in joint and tissues. Vatarakta is one of the fundamental articular diseases which are characterized through severe ache, tenderness, inflammation and burning sensation in the affected joints. Due to its anti-inflammatory analgesic and arthritis properties Guduchi Taila is extensively used in Saruk, Daha, Shopha Vatarakta, these are the signs and symptoms of Vatapittasdika Vatarakta. So, the pharmacology properties and probable mode of action of Guduchi Taila has been discussed in this article.
Overview of Leena Dosha and Sthambita Dosha
Authors: Shwetarani  , Saranya K  , Nandesh Mohan P
Published: December 2023

In Ayurveda Doshas are responsible for both health and disease in an individual. To cause any disease the Doshas should get vitiated. Doshas plays a major role in Dosha, Dhatu and Mala, as Doshas vitiate Dhatu and Mala leads to different Avastha of the Doshas. Diseases are manifested based on Avasthas of Doshas like Vriddhi, Kshaya, Prakopa, Upasthita Doshas. Similarly, the concept of Leenadosha and Sthambitadosha where the Leenadosha are said to be hidden or concealed or not completely seen hence they do not manifest Vyadhi, unless it attains favorable condition to manifest itself and Sthambitadosha is one among the Doshavstha where the Doshas are immoveable and it becomes stiff by obstructing the normal Gati of the other Doshas. There comes the importance of understanding the concept of Leenadosha and Sthambitadosha in detail for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Role of Stanya Shodhana Mahakashya in the treatment of Stanyadushti - A Case Report
Authors: Dixit Neha , Choudhary Poonam
Published: December 2023

Background: Breast milk is a prime source of nourishment and immunity of the baby. The concept of “Stanya Dushti” refers to the impact of diet and activities of a mother on quantity and quality. Sushruta describe that the pure milk is cold, clean or free from impurities, whitish yellow or white free from discoloration. If Stanya exhibits abnormalities in its color, smell, taste it will be impure and may be referred to as Dushta. This Stanya can’t provide nourishment and good health to child. Methodology: A 34 years old second gravida patient deliver an alive full term male child of weight 2.82 Kg. extracted as vertex presentation on 19/4/2023 by caesarian section. During breast feeding, she noticed that her milk was blackish in color and her child regurgitate this milk just after feeding, so she stopped breast feeding. On her complaint breast milk culture was advised which was found normal. She was treated with Stanya Shodhanagana Kashya for 3 days in the 20 ml dose BD. Result: Her breast milk appeared white only after 3 days of treatment and baby has not regurgitated milk again. Discussion & Conclusion: Stanya Shodhana Mahakashya includes 10 herbs - Patha, Shunthi, Devdaru, Musta, Murva, Guduchi, Vatsakphal, Kiratatikta, Katurohini & Sariva. Mainly its contents possess Tikta, Katu Rasa which has Deepana Pachan properties thus help in proper function of Agni & facilitate proper Ahara Pachan Kriya. Proper Utpatti of Rasadi Dhatu facilitates adequate Utpatti of Updhatu Stanya. So, it can be concluded that Stanya Shodhanagana Kashya is beneficial in improving the quality of breast milk as its name suggests.
Comparative antimicrobial study of bark extract (Aqueous, Chloroform, Ethanol) of Pum Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica [Linn] Wall ex.G.Don) & Stri Kutaja (Wrightia tinctoria R.Br)
Authors: Anupa Rani  , Ankita  , Renu Bansal
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global health crisis, leading to increase morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to many commonly used drugs. Natural plant-based medicines offer an alternative approach to combat infections, as they contain various bioactive compounds that can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. This study describes a procedure for retrieving the ethanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts from the bark samples of Sample A - Pum Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica [Linn] Wall ex.G.Don) and Sample B - Stri Kutaja (Wrightia tinctoria R.Br) testing them against a variety of microorganisms, both Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae (MTCC 3906), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC2592), and Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 655), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and fungus Candida albicans (MTCC 227) for antimicrobial effect.
Targeted MRI (tMRI) of Small Increases in the T1 of Normal Appearing White Matter in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Using a Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequence
Authors: Newburn Gil , McGeown Joshua , Kwon Eryn , Tayebi Maryam , Condron Paul , Emsden Taylor , Holdsworth Samantha , Cornfeld Daniel , Bydder Graeme
Published: December 2023

In modelling studies targeted MRI (tMRI) of small increases in the T1 of tissues using divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) sequences show ten or more times the contrast seen with conventional IR sequences. This may be particularly useful in imaging normal appearing white matter where there may be small changes in T1 and/or T2 in disease but these changes may be insufficient to produce useful contrast with conventional T2-weighted spin echo (T2-wSE) and T2-FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequences. In a case of recurrent mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), very extensive high contrast abnormalities were seen in white matter using a dSIR sequence that targeted small increases in T1 in areas where no abnormality was apparent with T2-wSE or T2-FLAIR sequences. The increases in T1 may be due to neuroinflammation and/or degeneration which produces the abnormalities seen on the dSIR images. tMRI of normal appearing white matter may have widespread application in clinical MRI of the brain.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Non–COVID-19 Deaths: Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wai Abraham Ka-chung , Yip Tsz Fung , Wong Yui Hang , Chu Chun Kit , Lee Teddy , Yu Ken Hung On , So Wang Leong , Wong Janet Y H , Wong Carlos King-ho , Ho Joshua W , Rainer Timothy
Published: December 2023

Background

Health care avoidance in the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely reported. Yet few studies have investigated the dynamics of hospital avoidance behavior during pandemic waves and inferred its impact on excess non–COVID-19 deaths.

Objective

This study aimed to measure the impact of hospital avoidance on excess non–COVID-19 deaths in public hospitals in Hong Kong.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study involving 11,966,786 patients examined between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, in Hong Kong. All data were linked to service, treatment, and outcomes. To estimate excess mortality, the 2-stage least squares method was used with daily tallies of emergency department (ED) visits and 28-day mortality. Records for older people were categorized by long-term care (LTC) home status, and comorbidities were used to explain the demographic and clinical attributes of excess 28-day mortality. The primary outcome was actual excess death in 2020 and 2021. The 2-stage least squares method was used to estimate the daily excess 28-day mortality by daily reduced visits.

Results

Compared with the prepandemic (2016-2019) average, there was a reduction in total ED visits in 2020 of 25.4% (548,116/2,142,609). During the same period, the 28-day mortality of non–COVID-19 ED deaths increased by 7.82% (2689/34,370) compared with 2016-2019. The actual excess deaths in 2020 and 2021 were 3143 and 4013, respectively. The estimated total excess non–COVID-19 28-day deaths among older people in 2020 to 2021 were 1958 (95% CI 1100-2820; no time lag). Deaths on arrival (DOAs) or deaths before arrival (DBAs) increased by 33.6% (1457/4336) in 2020, while non–DOA/DBAs increased only by a moderate 4.97% (1202/24,204). In both types of deaths, the increases were higher during wave periods than in nonwave periods. Moreover, non-LTC patients saw a greater reduction in ED visits than LTC patients across all waves, by more than 10% (non-LTC: 93,896/363,879, 25.8%; LTC: 7,956/67,090, 11.9%). Most of the comorbidity subsets demonstrated an annualized reduction in visits in 2020. Renal diseases and severe liver diseases saw notable increases in deaths.

Conclusions

We demonstrated a statistical method to estimate hospital avoidance behavior during a pandemic and quantified the consequent excess 28-day mortality with a focus on older people, who had high frequencies of ED visits and deaths. This study serves as an informed alert and possible investigational guideline for health care professionals for hospital avoidance behavior and its consequences.
Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Mistrust and Receipt in British Columbia, Canada: Population Survey
Authors: Mahmood Bushra , Adu Prince , McKee Geoffrey , Bharmal Aamir , Wilton James , Janjua Naveed Zafar
Published: December 2023

Background

Racialized populations in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Higher vaccine hesitancy has been reported among racial and ethnic minorities in some of these countries. In the United Kingdom, for example, higher vaccine hesitancy has been observed among the South Asian population and Black compared with the White population, and this has been attributed to lack of trust in government due to historical and ongoing racism and discrimination.

Objective

This study aimed to assess vaccine receipt by ethnicity and its relationship with mistrust among ethnic groups in British Columbia (BC), Canada.

Methods

We included adults ≥18 years of age who participated in the BC COVID-19 Population Mixing Patterns Survey (BC-Mix) from March 8, 2021, to August 8, 2022. The survey included questions about vaccine receipt and beliefs based on a behavioral framework. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between mistrust in vaccines and vaccine receipt among ethnic groups.

Results

The analysis included 25,640 adults. Overall, 76.7% (22,010/28,696) of respondents reported having received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccines (Chinese=86.1%, South Asian=79.6%, White=75.5%, and other ethnicity=73.2%). Overall, 13.7% (3513/25,640) of respondents reported mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines (Chinese=7.1%, South Asian=8.2%, White=15.4%, and other ethnicity=15.2%). In the multivariable model (adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, educational attainment, and household size), mistrust was associated with a 93% reduced odds of vaccine receipt (adjusted odds ratio 0.07, 95% CI 0.06-0.08). In the models stratified by ethnicity, mistrust was associated with 81%, 92%, 94%, and 95% reduced odds of vaccine receipt among South Asian, Chinese, White, and other ethnicities, respectively. Indecision, whether to trust the vaccine or not, was significantly associated with a 70% and 78% reduced odds of vaccine receipt among those who identified as White and of other ethnic groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Vaccine receipt among those who identified as South Asian and Chinese in BC was higher than that among the White population. Vaccine mistrust was associated with a lower odds of vaccine receipt in all ethnicities, but it had a lower effect on vaccine receipt among the South Asian and Chinese populations. Future research needs to focus on sources of mistrust to better understand its potential influence on vaccine receipt among visible minorities in Canada.
Assessment of Heart Rate Monitoring During Exercise With Smart Wristbands and a Heart Rhythm Patch: Validation and Comparison Study
Authors: Wang Tse-Lun , Wu Hao-Yi , Wang Wei-Yun , Chen Chao-Wen , Chien Wu-Chien , Chu Chi-Ming , Wu Yi-Syuan
Published: December 2023

Background

The integration of wearable devices into fitness routines, particularly in military settings, necessitates a rigorous assessment of their accuracy. This study evaluates the precision of heart rate measurements by locally manufactured wristbands, increasingly used in military academies, to inform future device selection for military training activities.

Objective

This research aims to assess the reliability of heart rate monitoring in chest straps versus wearable wristbands.

Methods

Data on heart rate and acceleration were collected using the Q-Band Q-69 smart wristband (Mobile Action Technology Inc) and compared against the Zephyr Bioharness standard measuring device. The Lin concordance correlation coefficient, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for reliability analysis.

Results

Participants from a Northern Taiwanese medical school were enrolled (January 1-June 31, 2021). The Q-Band Q-69 demonstrated that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of women was observed to be 13.35 (SD 13.47). Comparatively, men exhibited a lower MAPE of 8.54 (SD 10.49). The walking state MAPE was 7.79 for women and 10.65 for men. The wristband’s accuracy generally remained below 10% MAPE in other activities. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis indicated gender-based performance differences, with overall coefficients of 0.625 for women and 0.808 for men, varying across walking, running, and cooldown phases.

Conclusions

This study highlights significant gender and activity-dependent variations in the accuracy of the MobileAction Q-Band Q-69 smart wristband. Reduced accuracy was notably observed during running. Occasional extreme errors point to the necessity of caution in relying on such devices for exercise monitoring. The findings emphasize the limitations and potential inaccuracies of wearable technology, especially in high-intensity physical activities.