bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between coping strategies with sexual satisfaction and sexual intimacy in women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Imanpour Barough Samaneh , Riazi Hedyeh , Keshavarz Zohreh , Nasiri Maliheh , Montazeri Ali
Published: May 2023

Background

Multiple sclerosis profoundly affects the sexual aspects of patients’ life, especially in women. Various coping strategies are used by women with multiple sclerosis to overcome, tolerate, or minimize these sexual effects. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between sexual satisfaction, sexual intimacy, and coping strategies in women with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 122 married women who were members of Iran’s MS society in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted from December 2018 to September 2019. Data were collected using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), the Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to explore the observations. Independent t-test and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data using the SPSS-23.

Results

The majority (n = 71, 58.2%) used an emotion-focused coping strategy with the highest score for the escape-avoidance subscale [mean (SD): 13.29 (5.40)]. However, 41.8% of the patients (n = 51) used a problem-focused coping strategy with the highest score for the positive reappraisal strategy subscale [mean (SD): 10.50 (4.96)]. The sexual satisfaction in women with problem-focused coping strategies was significantly higher than women who used emotion-focused coping strategies (95.6 vs. 84.71, P-value = 0.001). There was a negative association between sexual intimacy and higher emotion-focused coping strategy (OR = 0.919, 95% CI 0.872–0.968, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Problem-focused coping strategy in women with multiple sclerosis increases sexual satisfaction, while the emotion-focused coping strategy has a significant negative relationship with sexual intimacy.
l-carnitine alleviates synovitis in knee osteoarthritis by regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function through the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liao Taiyang , Mei Wei , Zhang Li , Ding Liang , Yang Nan , Wang Peimin , Zhang Li
Published: May 2023

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disability-associated condition that is rapidly growing with the increase in obesity rates worldwide. There is a pressing need for precise management and timely intervention in the development of KOA. l-carnitine has been frequently recommended as a supplement to increase physical activity in obese individuals due to its role in fatty acid metabolism, immune disorders, and in maintaining the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of l-carnitine on KOA and delineate a potential molecular mechanism.

Methods

Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were treated with an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor or siRNA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) siRNA to examine the synovial protective effects of l-carnitine. An anterior cruciate ligament transection model of rats was treated with an AMPK agonist (metformin) and CPT1 inhibitor (etomoxir) to define the therapeutic effects of l-carnitine.

Results

l-carnitine displayed a protective effect against synovitis of KOA in vitro and in vivo experiments. Specifically, l-carnitine treatment can reduce synovitis by inhibiting AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway activation and showed an increase in fatty acid β-oxidation, a lower lipid accumulation, and a noticeable improvement in mitochondrial function.

Conclusions

Our data suggested that l-carnitine can mitigate synovitis in FLS and synovial tissue, and the underlying mechanism may be related to improving mitochondrial function and reducing lipid accumulation via the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway. Therefore, l-carnitine may be a potential treatment strategy for KOA.
The 100 most cited papers on total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wen Chen , Liu Wei , Fang Chenhao , Shentu Jin , Ma Ruixiang , Zhang Han , Zhang Hao , Zhu Zhongqun , Chen Huiwen
Published: May 2023

Background

The number of citations a paper receives reflects its impact on the scientific community. We aimed to identify and explore the characteristics of the most cited papers on total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).

Methods

Web of Science Core Collection Expanded Science Citation Index (1900 to present) was searched and papers on TAPVC were reviewed. Articles were ranked by the number of citations and the 100 most cited papers were analyzed.

Results

The 100 most cited papers were published between 1952 and 2018 with a mean number of citations of 52 (range 26 to 148). The 1990s was the most productive decade. All articles except one were written in English. The 100 most cited articles were published in 24 journals, led by Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (21 articles), followed by Annals of Thoracic Surgery (20 articles), and Circulation (16 articles). The United States of America contributed most of the 100 most cited papers (60 articles). Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto led the list of citation classics with six papers. Christopher A. Caldarone, John W. Kirklin, and P. E. F. Daubeney were the most productive authors with 3 articles each. More than half of the papers were cohort studies (51 articles). Surgery, radiology and etiology were the main topics. Thirty-one articles were funded by public foundations, and none received support from commercial companies.

Conclusions

The bibliometric analysis gives a historical perspective on scientific progress in the field of TAPVC and lays the foundation for future research.
Betacellulin regulates gap junction intercellular communication by inducing the phosphorylation of connexin 43 in human granulosa-lutein cells
Authors: Li Yuxi , Chang Hsun-Ming , Sung Yu-Wen , Zhu Hua , Leung Peter C. K. , Sun Ying-Pu
Published: May 2023

Background

The gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43) is highly expressed in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. The phosphorylation of certain amino acid residues in the Cx43 protein has been shown to be related to a decline in gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), which subsequently affects oocyte meiotic resumption. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, betacellulin (BTC) mediates luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion in mammalian follicles. Whether BTC can regulate Cx43 phosphorylation, which further reduces Cx43-coupled GJIC activity in hGL cells remains to be determined.

Methods

Immortalized human granulosa cells (SVOG cells) and primary human granulosa-lutein cells obtained from women undergoing in vitro fertilization in an academic research center were used as the study models. The expression levels of Cx43 and phosphorylated Cx43 were examined following cell incubation with BTC at different time points. Several kinase inhibitors (sotrastaurin, AG1478, and U0126) and small interfering RNAs targeting EGF receptor (EGFR) and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase 4 (ErbB4) were used to verify the specificity of the effects and to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Real-time-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the specific mRNA and protein levels, respectively. GJIC between SVOG cells were evaluated using a scrape loading and dye transfer assay. Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Results

The results showed that BTC induced the rapid phosphorylation of Cx43 at serine368 without altering the expression of Cx43 in primary and immortalized hGL cells. Additionally, using a dual inhibition approach (kinase inhibitors and siRNA-based expression knockdown), we demonstrated that this effect was mainly mediated by the EGFR but not the ErbB4 receptor. Furthermore, using a protein kinase C (PKC) kinase assay and a scrape-loading and dye transfer assay, we revealed that PKC signaling is the downstream signaling pathway that mediates the increase in Cx43 phosphorylation and subsequent decrease in GJIC activity in response to BTC treatment in hGL cells.

Conclusions

BTC promptly induced the phosphorylation of connexin 43 at Ser368, leading to decreased GJIC activity in hGL cells. The BTC-induced cellular activities were most likely driven by the EGFR-mediated PKC-dependent signaling pathway. Our findings shed light on the detailed molecular mechanisms by which BTC regulates the process of oocyte meiotic resumption.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling net on reducing malaria prevalence in children in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kagaya Wataru , Chan Chim W. , Kongere James , Kanoi Bernard N. , Ngara Mtakai , Omondi Protus , Osborne Ashley , Barbieri Laura , Kc Achyut , Minakawa Noboru , Gitaka Jesse , Kaneko Akira
Published: May 2023

Background

In the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya, malaria remains highly endemic despite high coverage of interventions such as insecticide-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). The malaria-protective effect of LLINs is hampered by insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and its repurposing by the community. Ceiling nets and LLIN with synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO-LLIN) are novel tools that can overcome the problems of behavioral variation of net use and metabolic resistance to insecticide, respectively. The two have been shown to reduce malaria prevalence when used independently. Integration of these two tools (i.e., ceiling nets made with PBO-LLIN or Olyset®Plus ceiling nets) appears promising in further reducing the malaria burden.

Methods

A cluster-randomized controlled trial is designed to assess the effect of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets on reducing malaria prevalence in children on Mfangano Island in Homa Bay County, where malaria transmission is moderate. Olyset®Plus ceiling nets will be installed in 1315 residential structures. Malaria parasitological, entomological, and serological indicators will be measured for 12 months to compare the effectiveness of this new intervention against conventional LLIN in the control arm.

Discussion

Wider adoption of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets to complement existing interventions may benefit other malaria-endemic counties and be incorporated as part of Kenya’s national malaria elimination strategy.

Trial registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000045079. Registered on 4 August 2021.
Differences in adoption of COVID-19 pandemic related preventive behaviour by viral load suppression status among people living with HIV during the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel , Aly Nourhan M. , Ellakany Passent , Idigbe Ifeoma E. , Jafer Mohammed , Lawal Folake B. , Khalid Zumama , Lusher Joanne , Virtanen Jorma I. , Nguyen Annie L
Published: May 2023

Background

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among people living with HIV during the pandemic has received little attention in the literature. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study assessed the associations between viral load, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the use of COVID-19 prevention strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of data generated through an online survey recruiting participants from 152 countries. Complete data from 680 respondents living with HIV were extracted for this analysis.

Results

The findings suggest that detectable viral load was associated with lower odds of wearing facemasks (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI:0.28–0.69; p < 0.01) and washing hands as often as recommended (AOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42–0.97; p = 0.03). Also, adherence to the use of antiretroviral drugs was associated with lower odds of working remotely (AOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38–0.94; p = 0.02). We found a complex relationship between HIV positive status biological parameters and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures that may be partly explained by risk-taking behaviours. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons for the study findings.
Using a technology acceptance model to determine factors influencing continued usage of mobile money service transactions in Ghana
Authors: Kelly Afful Ekow , Palaniappan Sellappan
Published: May 2023

Investigating and exploring factors influencing the continued usage and acceptance of mobile money transaction services in Ghana. The study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with 406 mobile money users from Ghana's Savannah and Bono regions. According to the study, perceived risk perceived cost, social influence, perceived usefulness and ease of use had repercussions on users’ attitudes which influenced users' final decision to continue to use mobile money services in Ghana. The social influence positively impacted users through social networking in pushing the adoption and continued usage of mobile money services in the study area. However, the construct of Perceived trust had a positive impact on users’ decisions resulting in their negative attitude to mobile money services.
Liposomes targeting the cancer cell-exposed receptor, claudin-4, for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Bang Chaeeun , Park Min Gyu , Cho In Kyung , Lee Da-Eun , Kim Gye Lim , Jang Eun Hyang , Shim Man Kyu , Yoon Hong Yeol , Lee Sangmin , Kim Jong-Ho
Published: May 2023

Background

Claudin-4 (CLDN4), a tight junction protein, is overexpressed in several types of cancer, and is considered a biomarker for cancer-targeted treatment. CLDN4 is not exposed in normal cells, but becomes accessible in cancer cells, in which tight junctions are weakened. Notably, surface-exposed CLDN4 has recently been found to act as a receptor for
Clostridium perfringens
enterotoxin (CPE) and fragment of CPE (CPE17) that binds to the second domain of CLDN4.

Methods

Here, we sought to develop a CPE17-containing liposome that targets pancreatic cancers through binding to exposed CLDN4.

Results

Doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded, CPE17-conjugated liposomes (D@C-LPs) preferentially targeted CLDN4-expressing cell lines, as evidenced by greater uptake and cytotoxicity compared with CLDN4-negative cell lines, whereas uptake and cytotoxicity of Dox-loaded liposomes lacking CPE17 (D@LPs) was similar for both CLDN4-positive and negative cell lines. Notably, D@C-LPs showed greater accumulation in targeted pancreatic tumor tissues compared with normal pancreas tissue; in contrast, Dox-loaded liposomes lacking CPE17 (D@LPs) showed little accumulation in pancreatic tumor tissues. Consistent with this, D@C-LPs showed greater anticancer efficacy compared with other liposome formulations and significantly extended survival.

Conclusions

We expect our findings will aid in the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer and provide a framework for identifying cancer-specific strategies that target exposed receptors.

Graphical Abstract
An improved whale optimization algorithm for the model order reduction of large-scale systems
Authors: Butti Dasu , Mangipudi Sivakumar , Rayapudi Srinivasarao , Buddi Madhu Kiran , Kaniganti Kalyan Raj , Chittajallu Trinayani , Dontu Bhavana Rushi , Dunna Vijay Arun , Boni RamaKrishna , Kothuri Chenchu Kishore Kumar
Published: May 2023

An improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is developed for the model order reduction (MOR) of large-scale systems (LSS) in this paper. An equivalent reduced order model (ROM) for the higher-order system (HOS) is derived by considering integral square error (ISE) as the objective function using IWOA. Many practical systems of single-input and single-output (SISO) and multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems are considered to examine the worth of the proposed technique. The powerfulness and robustness of the proposed design technique are tested on various typical examples. Several simulation results have been reported to demonstrate the efficacy of IWOA. To prove the potentiality of the suggested technique, the results have been compared with the familiar classical MOR techniques as well as other heuristic algorithms available in the literature.
Efficacy of combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis: a systematic review
Authors: Askoura Anas Mohammed , Youssef Tamer Ali , Elgabry Passent Mostafa , Nassif Mena Maher
Published: May 2023

Background

The introduction of sialendoscopy has been a major step forward in providing an accurate means of diagnosing and locating submandibular sialolithiasis, also in permitting minimally invasive surgical treatment that can successfully manage those stones aiming for gland preservation.

Methods

We conducted a systemic review to assess the efficacy and safety of combined sialendoscopic assisted surgery in the management of submandibular sialolithiasis. This study included published medical articles from 2000 till 2022 concerning the efficacy and safety of combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis searching Medline database (PubMed), Web of Science, Springer, Cochrane library, EMBASE. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

The success rate of combined sialendoscopic assisted surgery in management of submandibular sialolithiasis is 0.955% with 95% CI: (91.4% to 98.5). The overall percentage of sialadenectomy cases in the included studies is 2%. The overall percentage of complications in the included studies is 8%.

Conclusion

Combined sialendoscopic-assisted surgery is efficient and safe in management of submandibular sialolithiasis.
Multi-party simultaneous quantum identity authentication based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states
Authors: Wang Xing-Fu , Gu Shi-Pu , Sheng Yu-Bo , Zhou Lan
Published: May 2023

A successful implementation of any secure communication protocols requires the identity authentication as a prerequisite. Quantum identity authentication (QIA) can ensure the unconditional security of identity code. In this paper, we propose a multi-party simultaneous quantum identity authentication (MSQIA) protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. In the protocol,Ncertified users can directly send their identity codes to the authenticator Alice simultaneously through quantum channels without classical communication, which enables Alice to authenticate their identity at the same time. Our protocol only requires Alice to perform the single-photon measurement. In theory, this protocol is unconditionally secure and one pair of (N + 1)-photon GHZ state can transmitNbits of identity codes. Our MSQIA protocol has application potential in the quantum communication field in the near future.
“We All Country”: Region, Place, and Community Language among Oklahoma City Drag Performers
Authors: McCleary Bryce
Published: May 2023

This study aims to build on limited research in Oklahoma LGBTQ+ populations and to consider intersectional queer and trans perspectives on region and place as constructs within broader sociolinguistic work. The primary data come from linguistic ethnographic and queer folk linguistic work in a community of drag performers who detail the hardships of navigating a region like Oklahoma as nonheterosexual, noncisgender, and in some cases non-White Oklahomans. Their discussions of 39th Street, a culturally important site with a long history of LGBTQ+ protection, reveal that it, too, is riddled with racial, transphobic, and class-based ideologies that intersect with economic and practice-based difficulties for both new and seasoned performers. What emerges is an indication that queer kinship systems, familial communities within the community of practice, are integral parts of survival for performers and that language is both affected by such kinship systems and employed as a tool for navigating this place.
CRISPR-Cas tools to study gene function in cytokinesis
Authors: Husser Mathieu C. , Skaik Noha , Martin Vincent J. J. , Piekny Alisa
Published: May 2023

Cytokinesis is the process that separates a cell into two daughter cells at the end of mitosis. Most of our knowledge of cytokinesis comes from overexpression studies, which affects our interpretation of protein function. Gene editing can circumvent this issue by introducing functional mutations or fluorescent probes directly into a gene locus. However, despite its potential, gene editing is just starting to be used in the field of cytokinesis. Here, we discuss the benefits of using gene editing tools for the study of cytokinesis and highlight recent studies that successfully used CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) technology to answer critical questions regarding the function of cytokinesis proteins. We also present methodologies for editing essential genes and discuss how CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa) can enable precise control of gene expression to answer important questions in the field. Finally, we address the need for gene editing to study cytokinesis in more physiologically relevant contexts. Therefore, this Review provides a roadmap for gene editing to be used in the study of cytokinesis and other cellular processes.
Linking muscle mechanics to the metabolic cost of human hopping
Authors: Jessup Luke N. , Kelly Luke A. , Cresswell Andrew G. , Lichtwark Glen A.
Published: May 2023

Many models have been developed to predict metabolic energy expenditure based on biomechanical proxies of muscle function. However, current models may only perform well for select forms of locomotion, not only because the models are rarely rigorously tested across subtle and broad changes in locomotor task but also because previous research has not adequately characterised different forms of locomotion to account for the potential variability in muscle function and thus metabolic energy expenditure. To help to address the latter point, the present study imposed frequency and height constraints to hopping and quantified gross metabolic power as well as the activation requirements of medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (GL), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF), and the work requirements of GL, SOL and VL. Gross metabolic power increased with a decrease in hop frequency and increase in hop height. There was no hop frequency or hop height effect on the mean electromyography (EMG) data of ankle musculature; however, the mean EMG of VL and RF increased with a decrease in hop frequency and that of BF increased with an increase in hop height. With a reduction in hop frequency, GL, SOL and VL fascicle shortening, fascicle shortening velocity and fascicle to MTU shortening ratio increased, whereas with an increase in hop height, only SOL fascicle shortening velocity increased. Therefore, within the constraints that we imposed, decreases in hop frequency and increases in hop height resulted in increases in metabolic power that could be explained by increases in the activation requirements of knee musculature and/or increases in the work requirements of both knee and ankle musculature.
Catheter-based therapies and short-term outcomes in the oncological patients with acute inferior vena cava thrombosis: a single centre experience
Authors: Gong Maofeng , Jiang Rui , Liu Zhengli , Zhao Boxiang , Kong Jie , He Xu , Gu Jianping
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To investigate the safety and effectiveness of catheter-based therapy (CBT) using AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (ART) device or large lumen catheter (LLC) in the oncological patients with inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT).

Methods:

This was a retrospective study including eligible patients with IVCT treated with CBT coupled with dose-reduced thrombolysis as the first-line treatment from February 1, 2015 to January 1, 2022. The baseline demographics, comorbidities, clinical characteristics, treatment details, course data were all reviewed.

Results:

A total of 33 patients (mean age 58.8 years, 57.6% male) was included, of whom 17 patients underwent ART and 16 underwent LLC aspiration, the technical success rates were 100%. All patients subsequently underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis relative to reduced-dose thrombolysis. At the end of catheter-directed thrombolysis, clinical success was achieved in 26 (78.8%) patients. In the subgroup analysis, ART seemed to receive a slightly higher rate of thrombus removal Grade III (47.1% vs 12.5%, p = .057). The symptoms of leg pain and swelling post-treatment were significantly improved in both groups (p < .001). Except for transient macroscopic hemoglobinuria occurring in patients with ART, none of all patients suffered from procedure-related adverse events and major complications. Minor complications such as bleeding events occurred in 6.1% (2/33) of patients. At the 6 month follow-up, the incidence of recurrent thrombosis and mild post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) were 9.7% (3/31) and 6.5% (2/31).

Conclusion:

CBT is a safe and effective modality for the management of IVCT in the oncological patients, leading to high levels of technical and clinical success, symptoms alleviation, as well as a low incidence of minor complication, mild PTS and recurrence.

Advances in knowledge statement:

The available data and evidence of endovascular therapy (ET) on oncologic patients with IVCT remains insufficient. The purpose of present single center retrospective study including 33 oncological patients is to investigate the preliminary safety and efficacy of CBT using ART device or LLC. The results demonstrated that CBTs are safe and effective as an ET modality in majority of eligible patients with symptomatic acute cancer-associated IVCT, indicating high levels of technical and clinical success, symptoms alleviation, as well as a low prevalence of minor complication, mild post-thrombotic syndrome and recurrence. Furthermore, they have the advantages of accelerated reduction of thrombus burden in a moderate time, speedy restoration of blood flow, but at the risk of potentially increased economic cost. Notably, in the condition of parallel time and dosages of lytic agents, ART tends to achieve a slightly higher thrombus removal Grade III than LLCA.
Assessment of the frequency of consumption of selected food products by territory defense soldiers, depending on nutritional knowledge in the context of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Łoboda Dorota
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
The problem of rational, proper nutrition that ensures the body's proper performance and quality of work is of particular importance in the army. This is related to the specificity of military service, with a significant physical and mental burden, and this makes it very important to properly meet the nutritional needs of young soldiers, significantly affecting combat ability and mental toughness. The aim of the article is to analyze the frequency of consumption of selected food products and to evaluate the lifestyle of soldiers of the territorial defense forces
Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of food products by soldiers of the territorial defense forces in connection with lifestyle.
Material and methods:
The study was conducted among 100 male soldiers of the Territorial Defense Forces, using the KomPAN questionnaire for examining views and eating habits for people aged 16 to 65, from which part B concerning the frequency of food consumption and part C related to lifestyle were selected for the study.
 
 
Results:
With age, the percentage of surveyed soldiers who were found to be overweight increased, while the percentage of soldiers maintaining a normal body weight decreased. In the diet of soldiers there are too few vegetables, fruits and fish, while white bread and sweetened drinks appear too often. The surveyed group believes that the level of their nutritional knowledge is insufficient, while the majority declare that their nutrition is correct
Conclusions:
Based on the conducted research, it appears that soldiers should continue to be trained and the basic knowledge about proper nutrition should be systematized, including the nutritional prevention of diet-related diseases of civilization. The specificity and requirements of a given military service as well as the soldier's individual health condition should be taken into account.
Combining Choice and Response Time Data: A Drift-Diffusion Model of Mobile Advertisements
Authors: Xiang Chiong Khai , Shum Matthew , Webb Ryan , Chen Richard
Published: May 2023

Endogenous response time data are increasingly becoming available to applied researchers of economic choices. However, the usefulness of such data for preference estimation is unclear. Here, we adapt a sequential sampling model—previously validated to jointly explain subjects’ choices and response times in laboratory experiments—to model users’ responses to video advertisements on mobile devices in a field setting. Our estimates of utility correlate positively with out-of-sample measures of ad engagement, thus providing external validation of the value of incorporating endogenous response time information into a choice model. We then use the model estimates to assess the effectiveness of manipulating attention toward an advertisement at the beginning of a decision. Counterfactual simulations predict that making an ad “nonskippable” (requiring users to watch some portion of the ad)—as is the practice of some online platforms (e.g., YouTube)—generates only modest increases in click-through rates and revenue.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: R. Webb work was supported by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [Grant 430-2019-00246].

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4738 .
Falls 6. Care and treatment following a fall
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2023

Falls are the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide and are a major health issue for older people ( World Health Organization, 2021 ). Older people are more vulnerable to injury when they fall; over 5000 older people die as a result of a fall each year. This article will provide an overview of what care and treatments are required following a fall.
Spirituality and the HCA: the role of the chaplain
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: May 2023

This series of articles will explore the intersections of spirituality and the delivery of contemporary health care across a number of healthcare and nursing environments, with regard to both patient and service user groups. This sixth article will focus on the roles and duties of the healthcare chaplain.
Practical Significance of Early Diagnosis of Kidney Damage in Children
Authors: Dilmuradova Klara
Published: May 2023

The authors present the results of follow-up observations of children that had undergone neonatal nephropathy. A follow-up observation revealed newborns from mothers with chronic kidney diseases are at risk for the development of neonatal nephropathies. The long-term positive results of the examination of children who underwent neonatal nephropathy and received a course of anti-relapse treatment proved the effectiveness of renal protection.
O LABORATÓRIO DE CRIATIVIDADE, INOVAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIAS – LCIT E OS DESAFIOS TECNOLÓGICOS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Rocha Luiz Carlos , Santana Silva Lima Marival
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo apresenta as iniciativas do Laboratório de Criatividade, Inovação e Tecnologia (LCIT) da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, vinculado ao grupo de pesquisa LEMMA, do curso de Educação Física. O LCIT foi criado para contribuir com o processo formativo dos discentes e docentes do curso, principalmente em meio à pandemia de COVID-19, que afetou a universidade e a sociedade como um todo. O laboratório criou ferramentas tecnológicas para diminuir as distâncias e difundir o conhecimento para o público alvo. O artigo descreve as principais ações implementadas e os resultados alcançados junto aos estudantes e professores da universidade. O objetivo é contribuir para reflexões sobre a importância da tecnologia na educação e como essa experiência pode se tornar um legado para a universidade.
SmartOCT: smartphone-integrated optical coherence tomography
Authors: Malone Joseph D. , Hussain Iftak , Bowden Audrey K.
Published: May 2023

Smartphone devices have seen unprecedented technical innovation in
computational power and optical imaging capabilities, making them
potentially invaluable tools in scientific imaging applications. The
smartphone’s compact form-factor and broad accessibility has
motivated researchers to develop smartphone-integrated imaging systems
for a wide array of applications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
is one such technique that could benefit from smartphone-integration.
Here, we demonstrate smartOCT, a smartphone-integrated OCT system that
leverages built-in components of a smartphone for detection,
processing and display of OCT data. SmartOCT uses a broadband
visible-light source and line-field OCT design that enables snapshot
2D cross-sectional imaging. Furthermore, we describe methods for
processing smartphone data acquired in a RAW data format for
scientific applications that improves the quality of OCT images. The
results presented here demonstrate the potential of
smartphone-integrated OCT systems for low-resource environments.
Origin of SRS-induced beam quality distortion under TMI threshold
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Hanwei , Zhong Penglin , Zeng Lingfa , Yang Baolai , Xi Xiaoming , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaolin , Xu Xiaojun
Published: May 2023

In high power fiber lasers, the degradation of beam quality caused by Raman effect has attracted more and more attention in recent years, but its physical mechanism is still unclear. We're going to differentiate between heat effect and nonlinear effect by duty cycle operation. The evolution of beam quality at different pump duty cycles has been studied based on a quasi-continuous wave (QCW) fiber laser. It is found that even if the Stokes intensity is only -6 dB (energy proportion: 26%) lower than that of the signal light intensity, the beam quality has no obvious change with the duty cycle of 5%; on the contrary, when the duty cycle gradually approaches 100% (CW-pumped scheme), the beam quality distortion changes faster and faster with the increase of Stokes intensity. The experimental results are contrary to core-pumped Raman effect theory [IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 34, 215 (2022)10.1109/LPT.2022.3148999], and further analysis confirms that the heat accumulation in the process of Stokes frequency shift should be responsible for this phenomenon. That is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, for intuitive reveal of the origin of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-induced beam quality distortion under transverse mode instability (TMI) threshold in an experiment.
Rocking filter in a highly birefringent fiber for resonant coupling between different LP11 modes and generation of cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Bernas Marta , Statkiewicz-Barabach Gabriela , Urbanczyk Waclaw
Published: May 2023

We present a rocking filter in a highly birefringent two-mode fiber that enables resonant coupling between different modes in the LP11 group. Our simulations and experimental results prove that such a filter allows for resonant coupling between orthogonally polarized LP11 modes of the same spatial structure, as well as between modes of the same polarizations and orthogonal spatial distributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such rocking filters can be used to generate pure TE01, TM01 and HE21 beams or their coherent superposition.
High-resolution optical imaging of single magnetic flux quanta with a solid immersion lens
Authors: Thakur Siddharatha , Tamarat Philippe , Rochet Antonine , Birk Joschka , Veshchunov Ivan S. , Bezard Malo , Buzdin Alexander I. , Trebbia Jean-Baptiste , Lounis Brahim
Published: May 2023

Magneto-optical imaging of quantized magnetic flux tubes in superconductors – Abrikosov vortices – is based on Faraday rotation of light polarization within a magneto-optical indicator placed on top of the superconductor. Due to severe aberrations induced by the thick indicator substrate, the spatial resolution of vortices is usually well beyond the optical diffraction limit. Using a high refractive index solid immersion lens placed onto the indicator garnet substrate, we demonstrate wide field optical imaging of single flux quanta in a Niobium film with a resolution better than 600 nm and sub-second acquisition periods, paving the way to high-precision and fast vortex manipulation. Vectorial field simulations are also performed to reproduce and optimize the experimental features of vortex images.
Generation of sub-MV/cm terahertz fields with large-size Cherenkov-type optical-to-terahertz converters
Authors: Abramovsky N. A. , Bodrov S. B. , Korytin A. I. , Stepanov A. N. , Bakunov M. I.
Published: May 2023

It is known that a structure comprising a tens of microns thick, and ∼1 × 1 cm2 in size, layer of LiNbO3 attached to a Si prism can serve as an efficient Cherenkov-type converter of tens of microjoules-energy femtosecond laser pulses to broadband terahertz radiation. Here we experimentally demonstrate scaling up the terahertz energy and field strength by extending the width of the converter to several centimeters, expanding appropriately the pump laser beam, and increasing the pump pulse energy to hundreds of microjoules. In particular, chirped Ti:sapphire laser pulses of 450 fs duration and 600 µJ energy were converted to 1.2 µJ terahertz pulses, and 0.5 MV/cm peak terahertz field was obtained when pumping by unchirped laser pulses of 60 fs duration and 200 µJ energy.
Azimuthal confinement: the missing ingredient in understanding confinement loss in antiresonant, hollow-core fibers
Authors: Murphy Leah R. , Bird David
Published: May 2023

Antiresonant, hollow-core optical fibers are currently challenging or even exceeding the loss performance of conventional solid-core fibers. Despite this progress, there are aspects of the guidance mechanism in these fibers that are still not understood. For example, a physical mechanism to explain why negative curvature of the core surround is correlated with low loss remains elusive. It is shown that the glass elements of the cladding structure with an approximately radial orientation play a crucial role in determining the confinement loss by strongly shaping the wave fields in the azimuthal coordinate. This shaping, described as azimuthal confinement, can result in an evanescent field in the radial direction through the cladding, and this leads to a confinement loss that is substantially lower than would be the case without azimuthal confinement. A comprehensive theory of azimuthal confinement is developed, yielding an expression for the confinement loss of any fiber structure with a single antiresonant glass layer between the core and the outer glass jacket. This is tested by comparison with large-scale numerical simulations on two types of cladding structure. It is shown that negative curvature of the core surround has little or no intrinsic role in reducing confinement loss in fibers with a nodeless cladding structure. The power of azimuthal confinement is demonstrated in model structures where the confinement loss drops by more than two orders of magnitude as the radial width of the cladding is increased. It is anticipated that the concept of azimuthal confinement will be valuable in interpreting confinement loss in a wide range of existing antiresonant, hollow-core fibers and in the design of novel, low loss cladding structures.
Monolithically integrated 112 Gbps PAM4 optical transmitter and receiver in a 45nm CMOS-silicon photonics process
Authors: Baehr-Jones Thomas , Ardalan Shahab , Chang Matthew , Jafarlou Saman , Serey Xavier , Zarris George , Thompson Gabriel , Darbinian Artsroun , West Brian , Behnia Babak , Velev Vesselin , Li Yun Zhe , Roelofs Katherine , Wu Wuchun , Mali Jim , Zhan Jiahao , Ophir Noam , Horng Chris , Narevich Romanas , Guan Fen , Yang Jinghui , Wu Hao , Maupin Patrick , Manley Rhys , Ahuja Yogi , Novack Ari , Wang Lei , Streshinsky Matthew
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a transmitter and receiver in a silicon photonics platform for O-band optical communication that monolithically incorporates a modulator driver, traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator, control circuitry, photodetector, and TIA in the GlobalFoundries Fotonix™ (45SPCLO) platform. The transmitter and receiver show an open 112 Gbps PAM4 eye at a 4.3 pJ/bit energy efficiency, not including the laser. Extensive use of gain-peaking enables our modulator driver and TIA to achieve the high bandwidths needed in the 45 nm CMOS-silicon photonics process. Our results suggest an alternative to the frequent approach of bump-bonding BiCMOS drivers and TIAs to silicon photonics.
2.2 kW Single-Mode Narrow-Linewidth Laser Delivery Through a Hollow-Core Fiber
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Wahlen Joseph , Yerolatsitis Stephanos , Delgado Daniel , Parra Daniel , Tanner Ben , Ahmadi Peyman , Jones Owen , Habib Md Selim , Divliansky Ivan , Antonio-Lopez Jose , Schülzgen Axel , Correa Rodrigo Amezcua
Published: May 2023

Antiresonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) have opened up exciting possibilities for high-energy and high-power laser delivery, thanks to their exceptionally low nonlinearities and high damage thresholds. While these fiber designs offer great potential for handling kilowatt-class powers, it is crucial to understand their fundamental limitations by investigating their performance at multi-kW power levels. Until now, efforts to deliver a narrow-linewidth single-mode laser at multi-kW power levels through a hollow core fiber have been unsuccessful. Here, we demonstrate the successful delivery of a record 2.2 kW laser power with a spectral linewidth of 84 GHz, centered at 1080 nm, while maintaining over 95% efficiency. This was achieved using a 6.25 m long AR-HCF with low-loss properties. Furthermore, we show power delivery of 1.7 kW with a spectral linewidth as narrow as 38 GHz. Our results could lead to a new generation of fiber-based laser beam delivery systems with applications in precision machining, nonlinear science, and directed energy.
Non-contact ultrasound shear wave generation and wave speed measurement in soft tissue
Authors: Xia Jinjun , Chen Gui
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the feasibility of non-contact ultrasound shear wave generation and detection using a line focused air-coupled transducer and miniaturized fiber optic-based Sagnac system for soft tissue mechanical characterization. This paper focused on the measuring ultrasound shear wave velocity on a phantom tissue surface. Different phantoms with different stiffness were used as samples. The group velocity and phase velocity of the generated ultrasound surface wave were measured. The results showed that the proposed system was efficient in ultrasound shear wave generation and detection. It has potential applications in non-contact and non-invasive soft tissue mechanical properties characterizations.
Mesoscale, long-time mixing of chromosomes and its connection to polymer dynamics
Authors: Bajpai Gaurav , Safran Samuel
Published: May 2023

Chromosomes are arranged in distinct territories within the nucleus of animal cells. Recent experiments have shown that these territories overlap at their edges, suggesting partial mixing during interphase. Experiments that knock-down of condensin II proteins during interphase indicate increased chromosome mixing, which demonstrates control of the mixing. In this study, we use a generic polymer simulation to quantify the dynamics of chromosome mixing over time. We introduce the chromosome mixing index, which quantifies the mixing of distinct chromosomes in the nucleus. We find that the chromosome mixing index in a small confinement volume (as a model of the nucleus), increases as a power-law of the time, with the scaling exponent varying non-monotonically with self-interaction and volume fraction. By comparing the chromosome mixing index with both monomer subdiffusion due to (non-topological) intermingling of chromosomes as well as even slower reptation, we show that for relatively large volume fractions, the scaling exponent of the chromosome mixing index is related to Rouse dynamics for relatively weak chromosome attractions and to reptation for strong attractions. In addition, we extend our model to more realistically account for the situation of the Drosophila chromosome by including the heterogeneity of the polymers and their lengths to account for microphase separation of euchromatin and heterochromatin and their interactions with the nuclear lamina. We find that the interaction with the lamina further impedes chromosome mixing.
The mediating role of resilience on the association between family satisfaction and lower levels of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Ye Beizhu , Lau Joseph T. F. , Lee Ho Hin , Yeung Jason C. H. , Mo Phoenix K. H.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the association between family satisfaction, resilience, and anxiety and depression among adolescents, and the mediating role of resilience in these relationships.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among grade 8 to 9 students from 4 secondary schools in Hong Kong. A total of 1,146 participants completed the survey.

Results

Respectively 45.8% and 58.0% of students scored above the cut-off for mild anxiety and mild depression. Results from linear regression analyses showed that family satisfaction was positively associated with resilience, and both family satisfaction and resilience were and negatively associated with anxiety and depression. The mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between family satisfaction and anxiety/ depression (26.3% and 31.1% effects accounted for, respectively) were significant.

Conclusions

Both family satisfaction and resilience have important influence on adolescent mental health. Interventions that seek to promote positive family relationships and resilience of adolescents may be effective in preventing and reducing anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents.
Effects of a 28-day feeding trial of grain-containing versus pulse-based diets on cardiac function, taurine levels and digestibility in domestic dogs
Authors: Quilliam Chloe , Reis Luciana G. , Ren Yikai , Ai Yongfeng , Weber Lynn P.
Published: May 2023

In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration reported a link between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and grain-free diets. Evidence to support a link has emerged, but the specific ingredients responsible and the role of taurine or other causative factors remain unclear. We hypothesized dogs fed pulse-based, grain-free diets for 28 days will show decreased macronutrient digestibility, increased fecal bile acid excretion, and reduced plasma cystine, cysteine, methionine and taurine, causing sub-clinical cardiac or blood changes indicative of early DCM. Three diets were formulated using white rice flour (grain), whole lentil (grain-free), or wrinkled pea (grain-free) and compared to the pre-trial phase on a commercial grain-based diet. After 28 days of feeding each diet, the wrinkled pea diet impaired stroke volume and cardiac output, increased end-systolic ventricular diameter and increased plasma N-Terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP), albeit in a sub-clinical manner. Digestibility of some macronutrients and sulphur-containing amino acids, excluding taurine, also decreased with pulse-based compared to grain-based diets, likely due to higher fiber levels. Plasma taurine levels were unchanged; however, plasma methionine was significantly lower after feeding all test diets compared to the commercial diet. Overall, DCM-like changes observed with the wrinkled pea diet, but not lentil diet, after only 4 weeks in a breed not known to be susceptible support a link between pea-based diets and canine nutritionally-mediated DCM.