bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and Desorption of Cd: Characteristics and Mechanisms in Reclaimed Soil Under the Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Zheng Yonghong , Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Yongchun , An Shikai , Zhang Lei , Chen Fangling , Ma Chengnan , Cai Weiqing
Published: June 2021

Organic acids are widespread in the environment, where they play an important role in the adsorption, desorption, and migration of Cd in soil. This study evaluated the characteristics and mechanisms of Cd adsorption and desorption in reclaimed soil from the Panyi Mine, in the Huainan mining area (China), under the influence of humic acid (HA). The addition of HA inhibited the adsorption of Cd but enhanced its desorption in reclaimed soil. With an increasing concentration of added HA, the adsorption capacity of Cd in the reclaimed soil gradually decreased, while the desorption capacity gradually increased. That is, the adsorption inhibition/desorption promotion effect was stronger under higher concentrations of organic acid. Cd adsorption and desorption dynamics could be described as a logarithmic function of organic acid concentration. Kinetic curves for Cd adsorption and desorption in reclaimed soil under the influence of organic acid showed that both adsorption and desorption involved two stages: a fast reaction stage, followed by a slow reaction stage. The factors influencing the capacity of Cd adsorption and desorption in soil were analyzed by gray correlation analysis, and their resulting rank order was as follows: Cd concentration > HA concentration > pH > temperature. Using linear regression analysis, a multi-factor coupling functional model of soil Cd adsorption and desorption under the influence of DOC was established, in the form of Y = a + bXHA + cXT + dXPH + eXCd.
Evidence supporting deployment of next generation insecticide treated nets in Burkina Faso: bioassays with either chlorfenapyr or piperonyl butoxide increase mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l.
Authors: HIEN Sawdetuo Aristide , Soma Dieudonné D. , Coulibaly Dramane , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Belemvire Allison , Diouf Mame B , Jacob Djenam , Koné Adama , Dotson Ellen , Awolola Taiwo S. , Oxborough Richard M. , Dabiré Roch K.
Published: June 2021

Background

Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly when resistance is present at high intensity. For such areas there are alternative ITNs available, including the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based ITNs and dual active ingredient ITNs such as Interceptor G2 (treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin). Before deploying alternative ITNs on a large scale it is crucial to characterize the resistance profiles of primary malaria vector species for evidence-based decision making
Methods

Larvae from the predominant vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l., were collected from 15 sites located throughout Burkina Faso and reared to adults for bioassays to assess insecticide resistance status. Resistance intensity assays were conducted using WHO tube tests to determine the level of resistance to pyrethroids commonly used on ITNs at 1x, 5x and 10x times the diagnostic dose. WHO tube tests were also used for PBO synergist bioassays with deltamethrin and permethrin. Bottle bioassays were conducted to determine susceptibility to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100µg/bottle.
Results

WHO tube tests revealed high intensity resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin in all sites tested. Resistance intensity to permethrin was either moderate or high in 13 sites. PBO pre-exposure followed by deltamethrin restored full susceptibility in 1 site but partially restored susceptibility in all but one of the remaining sites (often reaching mortality greater than 80%). PBO pre-exposure followed by permethrin partially restored susceptibility in 12 sites. There was no significant increase in permethrin mortality after PBO pre-exposure in Kampti, Karangasso-Vigué or Mangodara; while in Seguenega, Orodara and Bobo-Dioulasso there was a significant increase in mortality, but rates remained below 50%. Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was confirmed in 14 sites.
Conclusion

High pyrethroid resistance intensity in An. gambiae s.l. is widespread across Burkina Faso and may be a predictor of reduced pyrethroid ITN effectiveness. PBO + deltamethrin ITNs would likely provide greater control than pyrethroid nets. However, since susceptibility in bioassays was not restored in most sites following pre-exposure to PBO, Interceptor G2 may be a better long-term solution as susceptibility was recorded to chlorfenapyr in nearly all sites. This study provides evidence supporting the introduction of both Interceptor G2 nets and PBO nets, which were distributed in Burkina Faso in 2019 as part of a mass campaign.
EfficientNetB3 Architecture for Diabetic Retinopathy Assessment using Fundus Images
Authors: ELMOUFIDI Abdelali , Amoun Hind
Published: June 2021

Classification of the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered a key step in the assessment and management of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the damage caused by high blood sugar to the retinal blood vessels, different microscopic structures can be occupied in the retinal area, such as micro-aneurysms, hard exudate and neovascularization. The convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning has become a promising method for the analysis of biomedical images. In this work, representative images of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are divided into five categories according to the professional knowledge of ophthalmologists. This article focuses on the use of convolutional neural networks to classify background images of DR according to disease severity and on the application of pooling, Softmax Activation to achieve greater accuracy. The aptos2019-blindness-detection database makes it possible to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Effect of Licorice and Green Tea Gargle on Post-Extubation Sore Throat, Cough, and Hoarseness: A Triple-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Karimi Hamid , Rajai Nahid , Farsi Zahra , Hashemi Parisa
Published: June 2021

Background

Endotracheal extubation is associated with a high prevalence of complications such as sore throat, cough, and hoarseness. This study aimed to compare the effect of green tea and licorice gargle on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness after endotracheal extubation.
Method:

The study was designed as a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial. 102 patients who were candidates for elective surgery in two specialized hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2020–2021, were randomly divided into licorice, green tea, and control (placebo) groups. The scores of sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of patients were assessed one hour after endotracheal extubation. After the gag reflex returned, patients were given 100 cc of the prepared solutions to gargle for 30 seconds. The intervention was repeated two hours later. The scores of sore throat, cough, and hoarseness were assessed in the three groups, immediately after the first intervention and two hours after the second intervention.
Result

There was a significant difference between three groups, in posttest1 and posttest 2 in terms of three variables (P < 0.0001). In addition, both licorice and green tea interventions had a high effect size on the decrease of the studied variables and there was no significant difference between these solutions (P < 0.0167).
Conclusion

Both green tea and licorice solutions greatly reduced post-extubation complications. These results can be clinical evidence for the use of these two plants to prevent complications of endotracheal extubation.
Trial registration:

This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code “IRCT20190729044373N1” on 2019-12-27.
Portfolio optimization under mean-CVaR simulation with copulas on the Vietnamese stock exchange
Authors: Tuan Anh Le , Thi Thanh Binh Dao
Published: June 2021

This paper studies how to construct and compare various optimal portfolio frameworks for investors in the context of the Vietnamese stock market. The aim of the study is to help investors to find solutions for constructing an optimal portfolio strategy using modern investment frameworks in the Vietnamese stock market. The study contains a census of the top 43 companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (HOSE) over the ten-year period from July 2010 to January 2021. Optimal portfolios are constructed using Mean-Variance Framework, Mean-CVaR Framework under different copula simulations. Two-thirds of the data from 26/03/2014 to 27/1/2021 consists of the data of Vietnamese stocks during the COVID-19 recession, which caused depression globally; however, the results obtained during this period still provide a consistent outcome with the results for other periods. Furthermore, by randomly attempting different stocks in the research sample, the results also perform the same outcome as previous analyses. At about the same CvaR level of about 2.1%, for example, the Gaussian copula portfolio has daily Mean Return of 0.121%, the t copula portfolio has 0.12% Mean Return, while Mean-CvaR with the Raw Return portfolio has a lower Return at 0.103%, and the last portfolio of Mean-Variance with Raw Return has 0.102% Mean Return. Empirical results for all 10 portfolio levels showed that CVaR copula simulations significantly outperform the historical Mean-CVaR framework and Mean-Variance framework in the context of the Vietnamese stock exchange.
Modeling the effect of distancing and wearing of face masks on transmission of Covid-19 infection dynamics
Authors: Lasisi Nurudeen O. , Adeyemo Kolawole A.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 is an infection caused by corona virus which has been designated as pandemic in the word. In this paper, we proposed a model to study the effect of distancing and wearing of mask on transmission of Covid-19 infection dynamics. The invariant region of the model is established. The Covid-19 free equilibrium and the reproduction number of the model were obtained. The local and global stability of the model is determined using linearization technique method and Lyapunov method. It was found that, Covid-19 free equilibrium state is locally asymptotically stable in feasible region Ω if R0<1 and globally asymptomatically stable if R0<1, otherwise unstable if R0>1. More so, numerical analysis and simulations of the dynamics of the Covid-19 infection are presented. It was found that as effectiveness of face mask usage increased it resulted in a decrease in secondary cases and as physical distancing is maintained shown reduction in reproduction number. It is also found that, as infection rate increases, it translated to increase in secondary cases and as number of isolation individual increases, it decreased the reproduction number. More so, varying the treatment rate, means as treatment rate increases, it shown that an individuals in the isolation decreases.
Влияние локального нагрева набегающего потока на уровень звукового удара от тонкого тела, находящегося в аэродинамической тени за диском
Authors: Потапкин А.В. , Москвичев Д.Ю.
Published: June 2021

Calculations are performed for a sonic boom generated by two bodies (a disk and a thin body of revolution) in the case of local heating of the incident air flow. The bodies are in a heat trail behind the heating region. The thin body is in an aerodynamic shadow behind the disk. The Mach number of the cold air flow is 2. The calculations are carried out using the combined method of "phantom bodies". It is concluded on the basis of the calculations that the level of a sonic boom can be effectively suppressed by simultaneously using the heating of the incident flow and the aerodynamic shadow behind the disk.
Bioethics in Childbirth Care: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Ferreira Graziani Izidoro , Barbosa Kevin Haley , Duarte Andre Di Carlo , Oliveira Cesar De , Guilhem Dirce
Published: June 2021

Background

Ensuring women’s rights during childbirth care based on humanized and bioethical principles results in better quality of care and patient safety and provides positive childbirth experiences.

Objective

We aim to explore the available evidence on the application of bioethical principles in the general context of childbirth care.

Methods

Our scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. Published and unpublished bibliographic materials will be considered based on the following inclusion criteria: reports of the application of bioethical principles (concept) in assistance to the predelivery, childbirth, and postpartum periods (population) in the hospital context (context). We will search for relevant studies in PubMed and the Virtual Health Library, including MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, SCiELO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will perform the screening of titles and abstracts, read the full texts, and extract data from the selected articles. The data will then be organized and expressed into categories based on their content.

Results

The analyzed data will be presented through flowcharts, tables, and descriptive narratives. A paper summarizing the findings from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. In addition, a synthesis of the key findings will be disseminated to health services linked to university hospitals in Brazil. They will also be shared with the academic community and policy makers involved in the Childbirth Assistance Network, which will potentially adopt our recommendations in their decision-making process regarding childbirth care practice in Brazil.

Conclusions

The findings from this review will inform, through the translation of knowledge, childbirth support groups, feminist movements, movements in favor of humanization of childbirth, and other childbirth support networks in the country.

Trial Registration

Open Science Framework; https://osf.io/kczyr/
A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care: User-Centered Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Madar Ronni , Ugon Adrien , Ivanković Damir , Tsopra Rosy
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Antibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale dissemination of CPGs, GPs continue to prescribe antibiotics that are not recommended as first-line treatments. This nonadherence to recommendations may be due to GPs misunderstanding the CPGs. A web interface displaying antibiotic prescription recommendations and their justifications could help to improve the comprehensibility and readability of CPGs, thereby increasing the adoption of recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to design and evaluate a web interface for antibiotic prescription displaying both the recommended antibiotics and their justifications in the form of antibiotic properties.

METHODS

A web interface was designed according to the same principles as e-commerce interfaces and was assessed by 117 GPs. These GPs were asked to answer 17 questions relating to the usefulness, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility and readability of the interface, and their satisfaction with it. Responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from “absolutely disagree” to “absolutely agree”). At the end of the evaluation, the GPs were allowed to provide optional, additional free comments.

RESULTS

The antibiotic prescription web interface consists of three main sections: a clinical summary section, a filter section, and a recommended antibiotics section. The majority of GPs appreciated the clinical summary (90/117, 76.9%) and filter (98/117, 83.8%) sections, whereas 48.7% (57/117) of them reported difficulty reading some of the icons in the recommended antibiotics section. Overall, 82.9% (97/117) of GPs found the display of drug properties useful, and 65.8% (77/117) reported that the web interface improved their understanding of CPG recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS

The web interface displaying antibiotic recommendations and their properties can help doctors understand the rationale underlying CPG recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment, but further improvements are required before its implementation into a clinical decision support system.
Viewing Mobile Health Technology Design Through the Lens of Amplification Theory (Preprint)
Authors: Merid Beza , Cielito Robles Maria , Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Newman Mark W , Skolarus Lesli E
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital health interventions designed to promote health equity can be valuable tools in the delivery of health care to hardly served patient populations. But if the design of these technologies and the interventions in which they are deployed do not address the myriad structural barriers to care that minoritized patients, patients in rural areas, and patients who have trouble paying for care often face, their impact may be limited. Drawing on our mobile health (mHealth) research in the arena of cardiovascular care and blood pressure management, this viewpoint argues that health care providers and researchers should tend to structural barriers to care as a part of their digital health intervention design. Our 3-step predesign framework, informed by the Amplification Theory of Technology, offers a model that interventionists can follow to address these concerns.
Efficacy and Safety of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Kidney Failure Patients Treated with Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Kuan-Ting , Kang Yi-No , Lin Yen-Chung , Tsai I-Lin , Chang Wei-Chiao , Fang Te-Chao , Wu Mai-Szu , Kao Chih-Chin
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives

Patients with kidney failure have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to cardiac remodeling, left ventricular fibrosis, and hyperaldosteronism, all of which can be potentially mitigated by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. However, because of the fear of hyperkalemia, the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with kidney failure is limited in current clinical practice, and few studies have investigated the efficacy and safety. Thus, we aimed to determine the benefits and side effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published from 2005 to 2020 that compared the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists with either placebo or no treatment in patients with kidney failure. Two reviewers independently searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for all published studies, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence. A meta-analysis was conducted on 14 eligible randomized controlled trials, and a total of 1309 patients were included.

Results

High-quality evidence suggested that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are associated with lower cardiovascular mortality (relative risk, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.70; P=0.001) and all-cause mortality (relative risk, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.66; P<0.001), and the risk of hyperkalemia was comparable with that of control group (relative risk, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.36; P=0.29). However, no significant decrease in nonfatal cardiovascular events and stroke was observed, and there was no significant improvement in BP or cardiac performance parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular mass index.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists might improve clinical outcomes of patients with kidney failure without significant increase in the risk of hyperkalemia.
Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD
Authors: Nowak Kristen L. , Steele Cortney , Gitomer Berenice , Wang Wenchyi , Ouyang John , Chonchol Michel B.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives

On the basis of earlier observations, we evaluated the association between overweight and obesity and rapid progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in participants in the Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes (TEMPO) 3:4 trial. More importantly, we also determined whether efficacy of tolvaptan was attenuated in individuals with baseline overweight or obesity.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A total of 1312 study participants with relatively early-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (mean eGFR 78±22 ml/min per 1.73 m2) who were at high risk of rapid progression were categorized by body mass index (BMI; calculated using nonkidney weight) as normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2; n=670), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2; n=429), or obese (≥30 kg/m2; n=213). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association of baseline overweight and obesity with change in total kidney volume (TKV) over the 3-year study period.

Results

In fully adjusted models, higher BMI was associated with greater annual percent change in TKV (difference of 1.20 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.85 to 1.55] per five-unit higher BMI). Overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of annual percent change in TKV of ≥7% versus <5% (overweight: odds ratio, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.45 to 2.87]; obese: odds ratio, 4.31 [95% CI, 2.83 to 6.57] versus normal weight). eGFR decline did not differ according to BMI (fully adjusted difference in decline of −0.95 [95% CI, −2.32 to 0.40] ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year per five-unit higher BMI). The three-way interaction (treatment×time×BMI group) was not statistically significant in linear mixed models with an outcome of TKV (log-transformed estimated coefficient comparing the treatment effect for overweight versus normal weight: 0.56% [95% CI, −0.70% to 1.84%] per year; P=0.38; obese versus normal weight: 0.07% [95% CI, −1.47% to 1.63%] per year; P=0.93) or eGFR (estimated coefficient comparing overweight versus normal weight: −0.07 [95% CI, −0.95 to 0.82] ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; P=0.88; obese versus normal weight: 0.22 [95% CI, −0.93 to 1.36] ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; P=0.71).

Conclusions

Overweight and particularly obesity are strongly and independently associated with kidney growth, but not eGFR slope, in the TEMPO 3:4 trial, and tolvaptan efficacy is irrespective of BMI categorization.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes (TEMPO) 3:4, NCT00428948
Outcome domains and measures for pain in psoriasis used in registered trials: analysis of studies on ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Vucemilovic Ana Sanader , Puljak Livia
Published: June 2021

Aim:Psoriasis includes unpleasant symptoms such as pain. This study aimed to investigate whether clinical trials have domains related to pain in their study designs.Materials and methods:We analyzed all clinical trials about interventions for psoriasis treatment registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and the frequency of pain-related outcomes.Results:Our analysis included 1033 registered clinical trials. They had 1329 primary outcomes and 5457 secondary outcomes. The pain was used in six (0.6%) protocols as a primary outcome and 68 (6.5%) protocols as a secondary outcome.Conclusion:Pain as an outcome was used in few registered clinical trial protocols for the treatment of psoriatic conditions. Future studies should investigate why the trialists do not include pain among primary or secondary outcomes.
Uricemia in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and its relation to long-term mortality risk
Authors: Hromadka Milan , Opatrny Jan , Miklik Roman , Suchy David , Bruthans Jan , Jirak Josef , Rokyta Richard , Mayer Otto
Published: June 2021

Aim:
Although uric acid has antioxidant effects, hyperuricemia has been established as an indicator of increased cardiovascular mortality in various patient populations. Treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is not routinely recommended, and the efficacy of such treatment in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction remains doubtful.
Materials & methods:
In a prospective cohort study, we followed 5196 patients admitted for a MI between 2006 and 2018. We assessed the relationship between baseline uricemia and the incidence of all-cause death and cardiovascular mortality and the effect of long-term allopurinol treatment. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid >450 μmol/l in men and >360 μmol/l in women.
Results:
In the entire cohort, the 1-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were 8 and 7.4%, and the 5-year rates were 18.3 and 15.3%, respectively. Using a fully adjusted model, hyperuricemia was associated with a 70% increased risk of both all-cause death and cardiovascular mortality at 1 year, and the negative prognostic value of hyperuricemia persisted over the 5-year follow-up (for all-cause death, hazard risk ratio = 1.45 [95% CI: 1.23–1.70] and for cardiovascular mortality, hazard risk ratio = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.28–1.80], respectively). Treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia with allopurinol did not affect mortality rates.
Conclusion:
Hyperuricemia detected in patients during the acute phase of an MI appears to be independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent fatal cardiovascular events. However, hyperuricemia treatment with low-dose allopurinol did not prove beneficial for these patients.
СРЕДСТВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕРФЕЙСА ЛИНИЙ MPTL
Authors: Семенов А.
Published: June 2021

Обоснована необходимость введения новых классов линий на базе кабелей из витых пар и разработки специализированной элементной базы для формирования терминального интерфейса таких линий. Рассмотрены известные решения этой задачи на базе классических и модернизированных вилок модульных разъемов, а также медножильных пигтейлов. Приведены примеры реализации оконцевателей вилок и средств крепления корпусов к линейному кабелю.
Perceived stress factors among newcomers to the nursing career
Authors: Pérez Contreras Rosa M. , Barquero González Ana , Pascual Orts Luis Miguel , González Sanz Juan Diego
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalent stress factors among new students to the Faculties of Nursing at the Faculties of Nursing at the Universities of Cadiz, Cordoba, Huelva and Seville, and the influence of socio-demographic, academic, socio-economic, orientation and health factors. Design: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. Methodology: 617 first year nursing students were surveyed (with a 95.66 % response rate) by means of two questionnaires, one for socio-demographics and health, the other for the stress perceived by new students. A descriptive analysis of the stress factors was then carried out for the frequency, mean and standard deviation. The relation between factors was examined through differential analysis by means of the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests. Results: The situations of greatest anxiety among new undergraduates are “taking examinations” and “the amount of work I have to do”. Consequently, the most stressful factor is “academic stress” whilst the least stressful is “feelings of loneliness”. The students who feel most stress across various factors can be identified as: over 25, women, studying outside their home province, and living in rented accommodation during the academic year. Conclusions: Starting a degree in nursing is a stressful time, and students can find their health, quality of life and academic performance negatively affected. The main determinants of stress among new undergraduates are the joint demands of examinations and workload. It would undoubtedly be enlightening to examine this issue further in order to find the possible causes of the problem and to develop strategies that can help in its prevention and so improve the students’ experience of university.
Quince años de la Revista de Derecho arbitrada (2006 – 2021)
Authors: Risso Ferrand Martín
Published: June 2021

Editorial con motivo del aniversario número 15 de la Revista de Derecho en su etapa como publicación arbitrada.
¿Por qué la trata de personas es un delito invisible en Uruguay?
Authors: Piperno Laura
Published: June 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la invisibilidad del delito de trata de personas en Uruguay. Incluye el análisis normativo del delito tipificado, los tratados internacionales y la jurisprudencia uruguaya. Se busca obtener una respuesta a por qué el delito de trata de personas es un delito invisible en Uruguay para así presentar los desafíos actuales y la importancia de las medidas y políticas públicas para la prevención del delito.
Movimientos sociales urbanos en Barcelona. la prosperitat a través de las reivindicaciones ciudadanas y el derecho a la ciudad.
Authors: Ayala-Garcia Erika Tatiana
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo de investigación habla sobre la importancia de los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos en la ciudad de Barcelona, haciendo un énfasis especial en el barrio la Prospertitat del Distrito de Nou Barris; el cual a partir de los años setenta a través de la Asociación de Vecinos desarrolló reivindicaciones urbanas enfocadas al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de sus habitantes en búsqueda de la adjudicación de nuevos espacios públicos e infraestructuras de enfoque social. Su metodología es de enfoque cualitativo con una medición de dimensión no experimental, llevada a cabo bajo fuente de obtencion de datos documental y la implementacion de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a actores clave. Como hallazgos relevantes se destaca el papel de los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos con respecto a la reivindicación de demandas con relación a las falencias y desigualdades urbanas, los derechos sociales, económicos, culturales, previstas dentro del derecho a la ciudad. A su vez se resalta la fuerza y la cohesión vecinal presente en el barrio la Prosperitat con respecto a la solución de los problemas urbanísticos y sociales del mismo; logrando la adjudicacion de hitos conmemorativos y representativos como la Plaza Ángel Pestaña; y finalmente se determina la importancia de establecer dentro de la planificación urbana y territorial la participación ciudadana como mecanismo de innovacion social.
La didáctica de la lengua mediada por las TIC Storyjumper como propuesta innovadora en la creación de cuentos
Authors: Adoumieh Coconas Nour
Published: June 2021

La didáctica de la lengua es una disciplina de intervención que se plantea, entre sus objetivos, el abordaje de saberes lingüísticos y metodológicos. Desde la praxis pedagógica se ha evidenciado que a los estudiantes se les dificulta realizar la transposición didáctica de esos saberes. Aunado a ello, se encuentra el escenario de los entornos virtuales y la realidad cada vez más latente de cómo enseñar lengua a nativos digitales. Por consiguiente, se les propuso a estudiantes de Didáctica Especial de la Lengua Española para el Segundo Ciclo del Nivel Primario, reflexionar sobre la didáctica de la lengua mediada por las Tecnologías de información y comunicación. En un principio, se analizaron herramientas tecnológicas para apoyar la enseñanza de la lengua y luego se seleccionó Storyjumper como propuesta innovadora en la creación de cuentos. Fundamentados en un enfoque por competencias, se ejecutó la propuesta bajo el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y el aprendizaje cooperativo.
El rol de las agentes educativas y su incidencia en los hogares beneficiarios de la asociación de padres hogares comunitarios invasión la Esperanza de Villa del rosario.
Authors: Galvis-Velandia Laura Nataly , Prada-Tarazona Angie Yeslid , Jaimes-Márquez Maritza Carolina
Published: June 2021

Históricamente, el gobierno colombiano ha formulado políticas públicas orientadas a promover el desarrollo integral de la niñez y la adolescencia y ha establecido mecanismos para brindar apoyo al cuidado y protección de los menores cuyos derechos no están garantizados, es por esto, que se hace necesario señalar la relevancia de esta investigación para la sociedad, es decir, como esta indaga en las trayectorias, las conductas educativas y en los aportes formativos, el reconocimiento de los roles y la  estructura social en la que se encuentran las madres comunitarias, donde se logró una mayor comprensión con respecto a la responsabilidad que estas tienen en la educación integral de los menores, ubicados  en la invasión la esperanza en el municipio de villa del rosario.

En los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación se identificaron  las funciones que desempeñan las agentes educativas en el hogar  a nivel personal, el aporte que da los diferentes proyectos educativos comunitarios a las practicas pedagógicas, el cómo se llevan a cabo las prácticas educativas en los niños, la utilización de nuevas estrategias, el día a dio en el hogar comunitario y la respuesta que se da a las diferentes actividades que se proponen como también las diferentes estrategias que han desarrollado los niños, las niñas y los padres de familia, dentro de los roles existe complementariedad inter roles, cuando los diferentes roles de una persona son incompatibles; un conflicto entre los mismos cuando las expectativas que tienen distintas personas de un mismo rol están en desacuerdo; existe ambigüedad, cuando no hay certeza de lo que entraña un determinado rol (Payne, 1995, p.201).

En cuanto a la relación de esta teoría con el tema de la investigación se tuvo en cuenta los actores que representan una función en la sociedad, también el papel que cumplen las madres comunitarias, como se ha configurado y asumido su transformación social, siendo más relevante su labor como cuidadoras y ligadas a los miembros de las familias beneficiarias, por otra parte, el cómo se percibió la importancia de las agentes educativas,  en su dinámica, como son las relaciones y lo que produce cambios que afectan a los menores.
Implementing Art and Music in Maltese Courses for Non-Native Adults
Authors: Żammit Jacqueline
Published: June 2021

Malta has currently attracted numerous non-natives who consider the island conducive for business, investment and work. To enhance their working and living experience in Malta, several foreigners are learning Maltese as a second language (ML2), which could be challenging to learn, especially its grammar, if second language (L2) learners do not know Arabic. Furthermore, ML2 is a new subject with a lack of research in its pedagogical approaches. Second language acquisition (SLA) can be quite challenging for adults. Various evidence-based interventions including the use of art and music have been used to enhance SLA. Art and music play an important role in SLA, such as stimulating communication in L2, memorising new words and enhancing comprehension skills. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of using music and art to enhance adults’ success in ML2. A qualitative methodology with convenience sampling was used to select 37 adult learners of ML2 who took part in a one-on-one interview via Zoom. The interviews were analysed, and the study results revealed that the use of art and music could contribute significantly in enhancing an adult learner’s academic achievement in ML2, whereas according to the participants, art and music are not currently used in ML2 courses. Therefore, the study recommends the use of art and music in both traditional and online classes to enhance adult learners’ academic achievement in ML2.
Fetal Case of Rare Association of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Absent Atrial Septum Accompanied by Mixed Form of Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Maruyama Wakako , Kawasaki Yuki , Murakami Yosuke , Fujino Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Nakamura Kae , Yoshida Yoko , Suzuki Tsugutoshi , Kagisaki Koji , Ehara Eiji
Published: June 2021

Abnormal pulmonary venous flow patterns on fetal echocardiography and a
nutmeg lung pattern on fetal magnetic resonance imaging are seen in
patients with pulmonary venous stenosis. The association between these
findings and the degree of pulmonary venous stenosis remains unknown. We
report an extremely rare case of a fetus diagnosed with hypoplastic left
heart syndrome complicated by an absent atrial septum and supracardiac
total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with left pulmonary venous
congestion. This case suggests that compared to non-pulsatile continuous
pulmonary venous flow, the nutmeg lung pattern can only be observed with
severe pulmonary congestion and advanced pulmonary lymphangiectasia.
Effect of the number of parity on right heart chamber quantification
Authors: Keskin Muhammed , Borklu Edibe , Doğan Selami , Ozturk Bayram , Kaya Adnan , Ocal Lutfi , Cersit Sinan , Tenekecioglu Erhan , Keser Nurgül , Orhan Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Introduction Pregnancy is a process that causes several physiological
changes including all systems as well as cardiovascular system.
Ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of cardiac chambers are seen as a
result of these changes. Although there are studies about
pregnancy-related changes in echocardiographic examination; there is no
data about the long-term effects of parity on these alterations.
Therefore, we have evaluated the long-term effect of pregnancy on right
ventricular (RV) dilation and RV hypertrophy and their relation to the
parity number. Methods This prospective study included a total of 600
women (200 consecutive women who had no parity, 200 women who had a
parity number of 1 to 4 and 200 women who had a parity number of more
than 4). Right chambers’ measurements were compared between the groups.
Results In echocardiographic analysis, RV and right atrial dimensions
and areas and RV wall thickness were higher in parous women. On the
other hand, RV systolic function parameters were significantly lower in
parous women. These significant changes showed a gradual increase or
decrease by increasing parity number. There were also independent
relationship between the number of parity and RV hypertrophy even after
adjustment for several confounders. Conclusion Pregnancy-related
physiological changes mostly resolve after delivery. This study about
long-term effects of pregnancy on RV has demonstrated that there is a
significant relation between the number of parity and either RV dilation
or RV hypertrophy. Each parity had also additive effect on these
changes.
Chromosome-level genome assembly reveals genomic architecture of northern range expansion in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Keeling Christopher I. , Campbell Erin O. , Batista Philip D. , Shegelski Victor A. , Trevoy Stephen A. L. , Huber Dezene P. W. , Janes Jasmine K. , Sperling Felix A. H.
Published: June 2021

Genome sequencing methods and assembly tools have improved dramatically
since the 2013 publication of draft genome assemblies for the mountain
pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). We conducted proximity ligation library sequencing and
scaffolding to improve contiguity, and then used linkage mapping and
recent bioinformatic tools for correction and further improvement. The
new assemblies have dramatically improved contiguity and gaps compared
to the originals: N50 values increased 26- to 36-fold, and the number of
gaps were reduced by half. Ninety percent of the content of the
assemblies is now contained in 12 and 11 scaffolds for the female and
male assemblies, respectively. Based on linkage mapping information, the
12 largest scaffolds in both assemblies represent all 11 autosomal
chromosomes and the neo-X chromosome. These assemblies now have nearly
chromosome-sized scaffolds and will be instrumental for studying genomic
architecture, chromosome evolution, population genomics, functional
genomics, and adaptation in this and other pest insects. We also
identified regions in two chromosomes, including the ancestral-X portion
of the neo-X chromosome, with elevated differentiation between northern
and southern Canadian populations.
Species-environment relationships of fish and map-based variables in small boreal streams: linkages with climate change and bioassessment
Authors: Sutela Tapio , Vehanen Teppo , Jounela Pekka , Aroviita Jukka
Published: June 2021

Species-environment relationships were studied between the occurrence of
13 fish and lamprey species and 9 mainly map-based environmental
variables of Finnish boreal small streams. A self-organizing map (SOM)
analysis showed strong relationships between the fish species and
environmental variables in a single model (explained variance 55.9%).
Besides basic environmental variables such as altitude, catchment size,
and mean temperature, landcover variables were also explored. A logistic
regression analysis indicated that the occurrence probability of brown
trout, Salmo trutta L., decreased with an increasing percentage
of peatland ditch drainage in the upper catchment. Ninespine
stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (L.), and three-spined
stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., seemed to benefit from
urban areas in the upper catchment. Discovered relationships between
fish species occurrence and land-use attributes are encouraging for the
development of fish-based bioassessment for small streams. The presented
ordination of the fish species in the mean temperature gradient will
help in predicting fish community responses to climate change.
Os problemas das políticas modernas do desenvolvimento de tecnologias digitais (os casos da Malásia e da Índia)
Authors: Moreva Eugenia L. , Stulov Oleg V.
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do artigo é avaliar várias políticas de digitalização à luz de suas características comuns e específicas que impedem resultados positivos. Assim, a Malásia e a Índia foram selecionadas para estudar as políticas de digitalização executadas por seus governos. Tendo em conta a limitação estatística nacional dos dois países, o conteúdo e os métodos de análise comparativa prevaleceram no estudo. O estudo não se limitou a uma abordagem de fator geral para uma tecnologia, inclusive digital, mas foi estendido a uma mais complexa com foco no desenvolvimento de recursos de negócios organizacionais e gerenciais. A comparação das práticas de política de digitalização na Malásia e na Índia mostrou que as políticas de digitalização para serem eficazes exigiam não apenas um bom design e implementação por parte das autoridades, mas também uma contribuição empresarial produtiva no sentido de seu respectivo desenvolvimento organizacional e gerencial com seu incentivo especial no âmbito da políticas de digitalização.
Ismertetés: A cigaretta áremelésének hatása a cigarettafogyasztási szokásokra, a dohánytermékekből származó adóbevételekre és a dohányzásnak tulajdonítható halálozásra az EU 28 tagállamában – regressziós küszöbmodell alkalmazásával
Authors: Kiss Judit
Published: June 2021

Az Európai Unióban éves szinten több mint 25 milliárd eurót fordítanak a dohányzással összefüggésbe hozható betegségek kezelésére, ezért az EU egyik legfontosabb népegészségügyi célkitűzése a dohánytermékek fogyasztásának csökkentése. A hivatkozott tanulmány 28 európai uniós országban vizsgálta az árak emelésének hatását a cigaretta-fogyasztásra, a dohányzásból származó adóbevételekre és a dohányzással összefüggő halálozásra.
Offshore: Economic Deterrent or Necessity
Authors: Turuev I. B.
Published: June 2021

The downside of investment's addition rate in Russia, lack of capital investments result from "poor investment attractiveness". As a result, the companies' financial imbalance together with high investments risks lead to capital outflow from the country by virtue of offshores. Along with negative aspects connected with "financial oases" many advantages are given to the business community: lessening of tax payments, monetary privacy and confidentiality of operations. Taking in consideration the above and also the existence of specific international agreements concerning the avoidance of double taxation and offshore zones, the banner of the latter appears to be quite difficult and would divest the global economy of an important segment of global economic growth. The author performed a SWOT analysis of the role and the importance of offshores in international economy. Tolerant coexistence of local and global economic interests seems to be achievable by implementing a distinct circumspect and complex plan of measures aimed at the raise of the investment attractiveness of a country, for which the creation of "Skolkovo" and new Institutes for market development would not be sufficient. Transparent and oriented on business stability and safety provision of monitor and regulatory system, data interflow, improvement of prudential control on financial markets operations - are parts of measures that have to be accomplished in order to solve and exclude the problems associated with offshores. But the author also appeals to not forgetting that besides the offshores exists a number of such issues directly related to the outflow of capital as lowering of inflationary pace, enlargement of direct investment flow-in, support of social peace, which have to be handled for the purposes of improvement of domestic investment climate of countries with developing economy.
Diagnosing the thesis scandal in academic community
Authors: Feldman D. M.
Published: June 2021

Events that occurred in 2013 as a result of illegal assignment of academic degrees, acquired the nature of scandal. According to the author, thesis scandal has provided a deeper understanding of the essence of processes both in the scientific and educational community and in the whole socio-humanitarian sphere of Russian society. The scandal, which affected many deputies of the State Duma, governors of some Russian regions and senior government officials, has attracted attention of Russian political leaders and the general public. It uncovered many shortcomings of existing approaches to the determination of qualification level of the research and education community's members, the viability of the universities; revealed the real challenges to the successful development of science and higher education. Thesis scandal showed values which define the state of social and humanitarian spheres of Russian society, the relations within the scientific and educational community and the results of reforms in it. Analyzing the situation in domestic science, the problems specific to the Russian scientific and educational community, the author is not limited to the conclusion that this scandal has deep socio-cultural reasons. The author has to declare, that forced borrowings of alien norms and principles for domestic science, promising to come to the fore in the future, today turn into the traditional desire to take the lead on the "top-down" indicators.
The functions of еру modal verb «should» in the corpus ice-gb
Authors: Abbasov R. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article adresses the modal and grammatical functions of the polyfunctional verb should as presented in the language corpus ICE-GB compiled in 1993. It is based on the ideas of poly functionalism laid out in the works of A. Smirnitsky, T. Komova, and others scientists. The author aims at studying the distribution of functions of the verb should; the material is also considered from the standpoint of the extralinguistic parameters of the speaker's gender and age. The analysis of the material shows that the modal function still prevails over the grammatical one, which explains the logic of presenting the material in books on grammar where the first meaning of this verb to be studied is (mild) obligation. The grammatical function is realized in the Suppositional and Conditional oblique moods (A. Smirnitsky's classification). Genderwise, men's speech contains a few more polite formulae that show more consideration for the interlocutor which is generally considered to be typical of women's speech; on the other hand, there is some proof that phrases constructed by men are perceived as more aggressive. Bringing the speaker's age into play seems to suggest that a higher ratio of oblique moods in the speech signifies a free use of language. Some of the notional lexical verbs forming regular collocations with should have been singled out and grouped.