bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skilled home healthcare utilization and outcomes for older adults with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Smith Jamie M. , Burgdorf Julia G. , Riser Tiffany J. , Ryvicker Miriam
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aims to summarize the existing research literature examining Medicare‐skilled home health (HH) utilization and clinical outcomes for persons with dementia (PwD). We sought to answer the following questions: (1) How is dementia defined and classified in the HH literature? (2) What associations have been observed between dementia status and patterns of HH utilization? (3) What associations have been observed between dementia status and HH outcomes?

Methods

Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and select relevant journals for quantitative studies conducted in the United States between 2000 and 2023 examining Medicare HH use and outcomes for PwD. We describe and compare approaches to classify dementia, identify findings related to HH utilization and outcomes supported by the preponderance of evidence, and comment on existing gaps and areas of ambiguity in the literature.

Results

Thirty‐two articles met the inclusion criteria. Most used claims‐based data to classify dementia, leveraged national data, and were limited to traditional Medicare beneficiaries. Studies found meaningful differences in HH utilization by dementia status; most notably, PwD were more likely to access HH without a preceding hospitalization, had longer lengths of stay, and incurred higher HH costs. Literature relating to clinical outcomes was more difficult to interpret, due to significant variation in study objectives, samples, and outcome measures which prompted more nuanced and even contradictory conclusions. There is a dearth of research identifying how specific HH care pathways (e.g., service types, visit frequency) impact outcomes for this patient population.

Conclusions

This review supports the understanding that PwD are a unique subpopulation of HH patients who require special attention in policy development and evaluation. Critical research is needed to examine clinical outcomes in PwD further to inform practice and improve care quality.
Exploring the link between risk management and performance of MSMEs: A bibliometric review
Authors: Ciocoiu Carmen Nadia , Radu Cătălina , Colesca Sofia Elena , Prioteasa Adina
Published: October 2024

Micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs), one the pillars of any economy, comprise the majority of enterprises, while their performance remains modest comparatively with large companies. The dynamic nature of the business landscape, coupled with insufficient resources, increases the vulnerability to risks and threatens the long‐term sustainability of MSMEs. A large body of literature emphasizes the positive impacts on business performance from implementing a comprehensive risk management framework. However, in the case of MSMEs, the relationship is still unclear due to the substantial investments required and the lack of skills and knowledge these companies encounter. This study analyses the bibliometric data of 531 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify the literature trends concerning the connection between risk management and performance in MSMEs. Results show a growing interest in the subject starting from 2010, but the different ways of understanding the performance lead to a disparity of conclusions.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery hysterectomy in patients with body mass index >50: An Asian experience
Authors: Ng Wayne , Lim Nicole‐Ann , Ang Joella Xiaohong , Wong Yvonne Wan Yu , Nadarajah Ravichandran
Published: October 2024

We present two cases of patients with body mass index (BMI) >50 undergoing transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy for gynecological indications. Case 1 involves a 52‐year‐old woman with post‐menopausal bleeding and suspicion of ovarian torsion, while case 2 describes a patient with newly diagnosed endometrial adenocarcinoma. Both cases highlight the feasibility and challenges of vNOTES in this patient population. To date, this is the first paper to describe the use of vNOTES in patients of Asian ethnicity, with BMI >50.
The Impact of Muscle Energy Techniques on the Temporomandibular Motions Following Extraction Surgery of the Third Molar Tooth: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Delkhoush Cyrus Taghizadeh , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Qomi Fatemeh Noormohammadi
Published: October 2024

Background

Trismus and subsequent restricted range of motion in the temporomandibular joint may impede vital activities of daily living.

Objective

The primary purpose of the current study was to explore the impact of muscle energy techniques on the range of temporomandibular motions in individuals with trismus and restricted range of the temporomandibular motions after third molar extraction surgery.

Methods

Eligible volunteers were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received muscle energy techniques over seven consecutive postoperative days, while those in the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups adhered to the recommended postoperative healthcare protocol provided by a single dentist. The range of cardinal and linear intra‐articular motions of the temporomandibular joint was assessed on the first, second and seventh postoperative days in each group using a vernier calliper and an ultrasound machine, respectively.

Results

The range of linear intra‐articular motion (p‐value < 0.001) and cardinal motion (p‐value < 0.032) of the TMJ significantly increased within groups after the first postoperative week. The range of temporomandibular motions, except for the forward displacement of the mandibular condyle (p‐value = 0.193), and the range of mandibular retrusion (p‐value = 0.339) exhibited a significant difference between groups (p‐value < 0.017) after the first postoperative week.

Conclusion

The current study revealed, for the first time, that muscle energy techniques increase the range of cardinal and linear intra‐articular motions in individuals with trismus and restricted range of the temporomandibular motions following third molar extraction surgery.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials: IRCT20211016052783N1
Effectiveness of 2D magnesium phosphate hydrogel for surgical decontamination of dental implants: A case series
Authors: Behmanesh Sara , Chow Kenneth , Dondani Jay , Al‐Hashedi Ashwaq , Tamimi Faleh
Published: October 2024

Dental implants, recognized for their enhanced functionality and aesthetic outcomes, are susceptible to peri‐implant mucositis and subsequent peri‐implantitis when oral hygiene is inadequate. Effective biofilm management is critical to prevent and manage these prevalent conditions and promote implant longevity. Materials with a two‐dimensional (2D) structure have demonstrated robust antimicrobial properties. Among these, 2D magnesium phosphates have garnered significant attention due to their additional biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. This case series explores the application of a thixotropic inorganic hydrogel, composed of 2D magnesium phosphate, in the surgical treatment of dental implant infections. The hydrogel was used for surgical dental implant decontamination in patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. The study encompassed eight cases with a history of peri‐implantitis. Clinical measurements were recorded before and after treatment, including bleeding on probing, suppuration, and probing depth. Radiographic evaluations were conducted to assess the exposure of implant threads. The findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in probing depth, bleeding on probing, and the number of exposed implant threads following treatment with the magnesium phosphate hydrogel, though the exact role of the hydrogel in these improvements warrants further exploration.
Impact of rurality on health care utilization among Australian residents from 2009 to 2021
Authors: Yisma Engida , Jones Martin , Pauh Lee San , Walsh Sandra , Jones Sara , May Esther , Gillam Marianne
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In Australia, there is limited research regarding the effect of rurality on health care utilization using longitudinal data.

Methods

We analyzed data from four annual waves (2009, 2013, 2017, and 2021) of the longitudinal Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to examine changes in the health care utilization over time among urban and rural residents. Poisson regression models estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rural versus urban residents, accounting for a range of health‐related and sociodemographic characteristics. Health care utilization was measured using four key indicators: visits to family doctor or another general practitioner (GP visits from hereon), hospital admissions, total nights' stay in the hospital, and prescribed medications taken on a regular basis.

Results

The aIRR for GP visits among rural versus urban Australian residents increased over time, from 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82 to 0.97) in 2009 to 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89 to 1.04) in 2021 although not consistently increased in a statistically significant manner. While there were no consistent temporal patterns, our analysis found that rural residents experienced higher number of hospital admissions (aIRR, 1.12 to 1.15) and number of nights in the hospital in the last 12 months (aIRR, 1.18 to 1.25) compared to urban residents. Moreover, rurality had little to no effect on the number of prescribed medications taken on a regualar basis in the 12 months preceding the HILDA Surveys in 2013, 2017, and 2021.

Conclusions

This study found that GP visits were less frequent among rural residents compared to metropolitan residents in 2009, indicating health care access disparities between rural and urban areas in Australia. However, the differences in GP visits between rural and urban areas were less pronounced  from 2013 to 2021.
Well said!: Professional norms and female justices' evaluation of lower court opinion text
Authors: Gleason Shane A. , Kissoon Krystoff
Published: October 2024

Supreme Court justices' opinions shape the contours of case law binding throughout the United States. Importantly though, justices do not write their opinions de novo. Rather, they routinely draw on lower court judges' opinion language when crafting opinions. In doing so, justices stretch the substantive impact of lower court judges' reasoning beyond the boundaries of their circuits. However, justices do not draw equally on lower court opinions; while previous work often ties this to judges' professional qualifications, we draw on work stressing female supervisors are more likely to enforce professional norms on subordinates. We argue female justices are more likely to draw upon lower court opinions complying with professional norms because of greater implicit norm internalization over the course of their careers. We test this proposition with a quantitative textual analysis of the justices' opinions and lower court opinions. We find support for our argument. This raises normative concerns about the overall impact of greater judicial diversity.
How much seagrass does a dugong need? Metabolic rate of live wild dugongs, Dugong dugon, determined through indirect calorimetry (oxygen consumption)
Authors: Lanyon Janet M. , Sneath Helen L. , Long Trevor , Blanshard Wendy H. , Worthy Graham A. J. , Booth David T.
Published: October 2024

Deterioration of seagrass beds worldwide has raised concern about the future of dugongs because almost all aspects of their life history depend on availability of seagrass. Understanding their energy metabolism and consequently how much seagrass they need will inform protective conservation strategies for dugongs. This study determined resting metabolic rate (RMR) in five wild‐caught adult dugongs by measuring oxygen consumption (O2). Measurement conditions met assumptions for RMR, except that dugongs were not postabsorptive, thus a postprandial (pp) allometric equation for herbivorous mammals of similar size was used to predict an expected RMRpp for dugongs of known mass. O2 was measured for 30 min in a metabolic tank after brief habituation. Dugongs' RMRpp was approximately half that predicted for their body mass but was higher than for manatees. Based on dugongs' RMRpp and considering plant caloric and water content, the daily minimum intake of fresh weight seagrass was 40–65 kg Halophila ovalis, or 20–40 kg Halodule spp. Greater seagrass intake would be required for growing and reproducing dugongs. Slow growth and protracted reproductive rates of dugongs are likely related to limitations in seagrass energy and nutrients. To ensure viability of this vulnerable species, it is critically important to conserve extensive healthy seagrass beds.
Reflections on the Value of Anthropology for Understanding Population Processes
Authors: Smith Daniel Jordan
Published: October 2024

In this commentary—written to celebrate, but also evaluate, the relationship between anthropology and demography at the 50th anniversary of the journal—I focus on the insights gained and the challenges posed by applying anthropological theory and utilizing ethnographic methods in population studies. Population and Development Review has been the venue of choice for many anthropologists because it has consistently recognized and welcomed the contributions of ethnographic research. Further, the journal has provided a forum for critical engagement between anthropology and demography, publishing research findings that illustrate the benefits of this engagement as well as commentaries that acknowledge, examine, and assess the sometimes‐difficult relationship between the two disciplines. To showcase the possibilities anthropology offers for understanding puzzles central to demographic inquiry, I draw special attention to research and scholarship focused on Africa's fertility transition.
A Case Series of Refractory Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Effectively Treated With Dupilumab in Combination With Abrocitinib
Authors: Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Kaung Htet Hla Win , Lopes Rhea , Kanji Alpa , Ravenscroft Jane , Tang Ting Seng , Flohr Carsten
Published: October 2024

Children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD), refractory to conventional systemic treatment as well as single‐agent biologic and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) such as abrocitinib, currently face a lack of treatment options. In response to this clinical conundrum, we present three cases of severe and refractory pediatric AD successfully managed with combined dupilumab and abrocitinib. These children had exhausted all conventional treatments and had undergone treatment with both dupilumab and abrocitinib individually, as well as dupilumab in conjunction with methotrexate. It was only when the combination of dupilumab and abrocitinib was introduced that they finally achieved noticeable and sustained improvements in disease control.
Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and electrocardiographic findings among newborns: The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study
Authors: Nørskov Emil H. , Pærregaard Maria M. , Raja Anna A. , Sillesen Anne‐Sophie , Christensen Alex H. , Bundgaard Henning , Boyd Heather A. , Iversen Kasper K. , Vøgg R. Ottilia B.
Published: October 2024

Background

Maternal preeclampsia is associated with both congenital heart defects and changes in left ventricular structure and function in the offspring. Whether preeclampsia and gestational hypertension also affect the offspring's cardiac conduction system is unknown.

Objectives

This study assesses whether infants exposed to maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) exhibit changes in their electrocardiogram (ECG) compared with infants unexposed to HDPs.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study included newborns from the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study who had an ECG performed within 30 days of birth and had available obstetric information. ECG parameters of newborns exposed to maternal HDPs were compared with those of unexposed newborns using linear regression.

Results

Our study cohort included 11,826 newborns, including 441 exposed to maternal preeclampsia and 320 exposed to gestational hypertension. Infants exposed to preeclampsia had prolonged QRS durations (adjusted mean difference 0.6 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04, 1.16) and lower maximum amplitudes of the R‐wave in V1 (adjusted mean difference, linear scale 0.95, 95% CI 0.90, 1.00), compared with unexposed infants. Exposure to maternal preeclampsia was not associated with changes in other ECG parameters. Exposure to gestational hypertension was associated with increased QT interval durations (QTc Bazett, adjusted mean difference 2.48 ms, 95% CI −0.23, 5.20; QTc Fridericia, adjusted mean difference 2.32 ms, 95% CI −0.19, 4.83).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the newborn cardiac conduction system is affected by exposure to maternal preeclampsia. This could reflect the previously described thickening of the left ventricular myocardium in infants exposed to preeclampsia.
Characteristics of the Kematu epithermal gold deposit at Tboli, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Tizon Alan Royce B. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S. , Manalo Pearlyn , Takahashi Ryohei , Garcia Ma. Yna Rose D. , Amoroso Juan Alex Vianne D.
Published: October 2024

The Kematu Au‐Ag epithermal deposit at Tboli area, Province of South Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines, contains an inferred mineral resource of 3.8 million tonnes, at 8.7 g/t Au and 27 g/t Ag in 2012. The deposit is spatially and genetically linked to the volcanism related to the Parker Volcanic Complex of Pliocene to Holocene age. Local extension of the northwest‐trending splays of the faults in the Tboli area are associated with epithermal mineralization, including the Kematu Au‐Ag deposit. The study aimed to provide a detailed description of the characteristics and physicochemical processes involved in the formation of the Kematu Au‐Ag deposit on the basis of field occurrence, mineralogy, ore composition, mineral chemistry, and sulfur isotope data. The deposit is characterized by Au‐Ag bearing quartz‐adularia‐clay‐sulfide veins hosted in argillic‐altered andesite porphyry and coarse tuff of the Parker Volcanic Complex. The mineralization in the Kematu deposit is in the form of veins as well as open space fill and dissemination. Based on the observation of the ore bodies and petrographic analysis, three paragenetic stages with different vein characteristics have been identified. Stage 1 is dominantly quartz, adularia, and clay mineral veins, with electrum, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, and galena. Stage 2 is coarse‐grained sulfide‐quartz‐adularia veins and in‐fill of vugs, consisting of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, and electrum. Stage 3 is massive calcite veins, with minor amounts of electrum, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The alteration mineral assemblage of the host rocks is chlorite‐illite‐adularia, indicative of neutral pH conditions. The FeS content of the Fe‐poor sphalerite in the stage 2 ranges from 0.03 to 1.07 mol%. Sulfur isotope compositions (δ34SCDT) of sulfides in all the stages range from 0.1‰ to 1.9‰ for pyrite, and −5.3‰ to 0.5‰ for galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite, where those in the stage 2 tend to have relatively lower values compared to those in the stages 1 and 3. The relatively narrow and close to zero δ34SCDT values suggest that the sulfur was mainly derived from a magma. The mineral assemblages of the stages 1, 2, and 3, and the sulfur fugacity (log fS2 = −12.5 to −8.8) and temperature (200–280°C) of ore formation based on the FeS mol%, electrum composition (at.%), and alteration mineral assemblage suggest that the Kematu deposit is of intermediate sulfidation type.
Non‐policy making: The case of comprehensive immigration reform, 2005–2006
Authors: Fernandes Devin
Published: October 2024

Immigration policy reached the fore of the political agenda during the 109th Congress of 2005–2006, achieving near‐record levels of congressional committee attention. Literature on agenda setting typically portrays such attention spikes as evidence that the inertial forces of a status quo policy regime are losing the ability to keep the issue off the political agenda. Change may not necessarily follow, but from this perspective, opponents to change are in a vulnerable position. Yet, as this paper shows, opponents of immigration reform were the ones driving the flurry of committee activity. By demonstrating that opponents of policy change wielding agenda control can also leverage attention as a means of obstruction, the paper identifies a potential limit to using certain attention indicators as evidence of policy momentum. In the second part of the paper, I hypothesize conditions under which status quo defenders in Congress might abandon their negative agenda power. I argue that it is most likely when policy entrepreneurs elevate an issue with two or more unstable policy images that divide the majority party. The findings here offer further evidence of the congressional committee system's declining role in policy development and the intractability of immigration reform.
Covert carcerality for “high‐income cheap labor”: Indian tech workers in the United States
Authors: Roy Rianka
Published: October 2024

In racial capitalism, employers increase their profit by recruiting “cheap labor,” who are typically racialized minorities. States and employers govern these workers by carceral means, variously confining them, extracting their labor, and ensuring that they remain docile enough not to protest and demand better wages and rights. But how are workers—who draw high wages yet experience labor devaluation or “cheapening”—governed? Based on interviews and participant observation, I study Indian immigrant tech workers in the United States. To distinguish their class position, I characterize them as “high‐income cheap labor” and contend that these workers are governed by “covert carcerality”—where the material privilege of high income and documented migration make their labor devaluation by carceral means insidious. I identify three mechanisms of covert carcerality—neutral enclosures, informalization, and restricted family formation. The covert carcerality of high‐income cheap labor reveals the class‐based variations of carceral labor governance in neoliberal capitalism.
Wage Subsidy for Employers or Social Security for Low‐Paid Workers? The Impact of the Earnings Disregard Reform on the Use of Housing Allowance Among Workers in Different Industries in Finland
Authors: Halmetoja Antti , Mäkinen Niklas , Ojala Satu , Jauhiainen Signe
Published: October 2024

The longstanding aim of social security reforms in economically advanced countries has been to ensure that work is financially beneficial. In‐work benefits (IWB) have emerged as pivotal tools in achieving this objective. Earnings disregards, which exempt a portion of earned income from benefit calculations, represent one form of IWBs. This study focuses on Finland's general housing allowance, examining its use following the 2015 reform that introduced the earnings disregard. Using the total population registry of all single‐adult households from 2011 to 2018, we observed a significant rise in housing allowance recipients with earned income, underscoring the growing role of the allowance as an IWB. There was a notable increase in housing allowance recipients, particularly in low‐wage service sectors and industries marked by atypical employment patterns. Although IWBs contribute to low‐paid workers' earnings, the empirical findings raise the critical question of whether these benefits form wage subsidies that incentivise employers to further increase the use of low‐paid, non‐standard jobs.
Effects of Recess Depth and Orifice Diameter on Pneumatic Hammer Instability in Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings: Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Lim Homin , Kim Kyuman , Ryu Keun
Published: October 2024

Hydrostatic thrust bearings (HTBs) are required in various turbomachinery systems due to their substantial load capacity and superior rotor axial positioning capabilities, which minimize friction and heat generation. However, when lubricated with compressible fluids, these bearings can experience pneumatic hammer instability especially if the recess volume is significant. This study aims to establish design guidelines and experimentally validate the performance of hydrostatic thrust bearings, with a focus on predicting and mitigating pneumatic hammer instability. The research includes an investigation into the static load characteristics of these bearings when operated with air as the lubricant. The analysis in this paper covers the effects of varying supply pressures, recess depths, and orifice diameters on pneumatic hammer instability, as well as on the load capacity, stiffness, and damping coefficients of the bearings. To validate these findings, experiments are conducted using two test bearings with differing recess depths and orifice diameters. The results from both predictive models and experimental data consistently show that a shallow recess depth is effective in preventing pneumatic hammer instability without notably diminishing the bearing load capacity. Nonetheless, modifying the orifice diameter to control pneumatic hammer instability requires careful design consideration, as it might lead to decreased load capacity and stiffness. This research addresses the challenge of preventing pneumatic hammer instability in hydrostatic thrust bearings through a combined approach of numerical analysis and experimental testing. It contributes significantly to the field by offering practical design recommendations for optimizing recess depth and orifice diameter. These guidelines aim to eliminate pneumatic hammer instability while preserving critical performance aspects of hydrostatic thrust bearings, such as load capacity and stiffness.
Analysis of High-Order Source Terms in Throughflow Solutions
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Jiancheng , Dai Yuchen , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin
Published: October 2024

Classical throughflow methodologies, due to their oversimplified assumptions regarding dimensionality reduction, result in a significant reliance on empirical inputs. This paper introduces a rigorous dimensionality reduction approach, building upon Adamczyk’s average-passage approach, wherein four averaging operators are incorporated into the Navier–Stokes equations. This method dispels the conventional assumptions of time averaging and passage periodicity inherent in primary equations, simultaneously addressing circumferential non-uniformity in the flow field through the inclusion of high-order source terms in the equations. The study employs a time-marching numerical method to solve the averaged equations and offers a comprehensive discussion on the influence and role of high-order source terms, derived from three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes results, in throughflow solutions. The transonic fan case’s results presented in this paper underscore the critical significance of high-order source terms in throughflow calculations, particularly concerning temporal and circumferential fluctuations. At the design point, considering temporal correlations reveals the wake recovery effect, resulting in a 3% increase in flow capacity, alongside heightened pressure ratio and efficiency. Conversely, incorporating circumferential correlations, intricately associated with steady flow structure, induces a 5% reduction in flow capacity, accompanied by a decrease in pressure ratio and efficiency. This paper advocates for the accurate modeling of high-order source terms and identifying computational error sources to improve the precision of throughflow solutions, though the actual modeling of these terms is not the focus of this paper.
Effect of a DC gradient magnetic field on electron density in a weakly magnetized inductively coupled plasma
Authors: He You , Jiang Yi-Lang , Lee Myoung-Jae , Kim Min-Seok , Seo Beom-Jun , Kim Ju-Ho , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: October 2024

A gradient DC magnetic field was applied along the axial direction of a planar inductively coupled oxygen plasma. The gradient of the magnetic field was controlled by adjusting the currents of the upper and lower coils of Helmholtz coils, and the electron cyclotron resonance magnetic field was maintained at the chamber’s axial center. The propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves from the antenna to the plasma was regarded as the positive axial direction. When the gradient of the magnetic field increased from −0.44 to 0.57 G/cm, a very little change in electron temperature and an increase in electron density were observed according to the electron energy distribution function measured by a Langmuir probe. As the gradient magnetic field changed the electric field distribution and the particle diffusion in the plasma, the electron temperature was sustained, and plasma particle loss was reduced at the larger positive gradient of the magnetic field. These effects were verified by plasma numerical simulations. The higher electron density led to a higher oxygen radical density, larger ion flux on the bias electrode, and an enhanced etch rate of the photoresist.
Supplemental Material: Contourite-drift archive links Late Devonian bioevents with periodic anoxic shelf water cascading
Authors: Gibb M. Arwed , al. et
Published: October 2024

S1 (coordinates of investigated key sections shown in Fig. 1C), S2 (lithologies and facies associations [FA1–FA5] of the Eifelian to Frasnian carbonate deposits of the Tafilalt Platform), and S3 (facies types [F1–F9] and main sediment characteristics of the studied Givetian–Frasnian successions on the Tafilalt contourite terrace).  
Supplemental Material: Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean and the rise of Scandinavian mountains
Authors: Makushkina Anna , al. et
Published: October 2024

 Materials and Methods, Text S1–S7, Figures S1–S9, Tables S1–S2, and supplemental references.  
Neurointerventional payment for out-of-network mechanical thrombectomy in the era of the No Surprises Act
Authors: Grossberg Jonathan A , Christensen Eric W , Milburn James M , Dabus Guilherme , Heller Richard E , Hirsch Joshua A
Published: October 2024

Background

Congress enacted the No Surprises Act (NSA) in 2021. The NSA relies on the ability for providers to appeal their out-of-network (OON) payment through an arbitration process known as Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR). This study was designed to evaluate the effective access to IDR for mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods

This study uses a simulation to model the likelihood that neurointerventionalists have financially viable access to the NSA IDR process to seek adequate payment for MT OON claims.

Results

When evaluating professional claims, for only batches of four or more claims, would the expected payment recovery exceed the expected IDR costs. For global claims (both professional and technical components), a batch size of two claims would be required for the expected payment recovery to exceed expected IDR costs.

For the 1000 simulations at large MT centers (300 MT annually), there were no instances where it would have been financially viable to submit professional-only OON claims to the IDR process. For global claims, it would have been financially viable to submit to IDR for only 13.2% of these claims. For smaller stroke centers, there were also no instances where it would have been financially viable to submit professional-only claims. For global claims, it would have been financially viable for only 3.3–6.1% of claims.

Conclusions

The NSA process was designed to protect patients from unexpected bills following non-elective medical services. Given the emergent nature of many neuroendovascular cases and the lack of access to the IDR process as this model illustrates, the field is at risk for under-reimbursement due to NSA legislation.
‘Are you pregnant? If not, why not?’: artificial reproductive technology and the trauma of infertility
Authors: Kashyap Soumya , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: October 2024

The article scrutinises Rohini S. Rajagopal’s work,what’s a lemon squeezer doing in my vagina(2021), to illustrate the escalating medicalisation of infertile bodies. In a cultural context where reproductive concerns are construed as medical disorders demanding treatment and surveillance, medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies exploit these sociocultural dynamics to provide infertile couples with immediate solutions through Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Consequently, the study contributes a critical perspective to the field of medical humanities, initiating a nuanced discourse that interrogates the impact of terms such as ‘living laboratories’, ‘baby machine’, ‘mother machine’ and ‘hope technology’ on our comprehension of future motherhood. Drawing on feminist critiques of medicalisation, the article argues that biotechnology perpetuates the eighteenth-century biomedical metaphor of the body as a machine with replaceable parts. Notably, contemporary advancements in reproductive medicine allow for the replacement of perceived ‘flawed’ body parts, further objectifying them within this framework.
Forefoot inflammation in recent-onset ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA: clinically similar, but different in underlying inflamed tissues
Authors: Ton Dennis A. , van Dijk Bastiaan T. , van Steenbergen Hanna W. , van der Helm - van Mil Annette H.M.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Although joint swelling is traditionally interpreted as synovitis, recent imaging studies showed that there is also inflammation of tenosynovium and intermetatarsal bursae in the forefoot. We aimed to increase our understanding of differences and similarities regarding forefoot involvement between ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at diagnosis. Therefore, we (1) compared metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint counts, walking disabilities and inflamed tissues between ACPA groups and (2) studied associations of joint swelling/tenderness and walking disabilities with underlying inflamed tissues within ACPA groups.

Methods

171 ACPA-positive and 203 ACPA-negative consecutively diagnosed patients with RA had a physical joint examination (swollen joint count-66/tender joint count-68), filled a Health Assessment Questionnaire including the domain walking and underwent MRI of the MTP joints at diagnosis. Synovitis, tenosynovitis, osteitis and intermetatarsal bursitis (IMB) were assessed. Findings in age-matched healthy controls were applied to define abnormalities on MRI.

Results

While ACPA-negative RA patients had more swollen joints (mean SJC 8 vs 6 in ACPA-positives, p=0.003), the number of swollen MTP joints was similar (mean 1 in both groups); walking disabilities were also equally common (49% vs 53%). In contrast, inflamed tissues were all more prevalent in ACPA-positive compared with ACPA-negative RA. Within ACPA-positive RA, IMB was associated independently with MTP-joint swelling (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.0) and tenderness (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 5.0). While in ACPA-negatives, synovitis was associated independently with MTP-joint swelling (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.8) and tenderness (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8). Tenosynovitis contributed most to walking disabilities.

Conclusions

Although the forefoot of ACPA-positives and ACPA-negatives share clinical similarities at diagnosis, there are differences in underlying inflamed tissues. This reinforces that ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA are different entities.
Study on in situ measurement and analysis method of rock pores based on borehole camera technology
Authors: Wang Chao , Han Zengqiang , Wang Yiteng , Wang Jinchao
Published: October 2024

In situ measurement and analysis of pores are helpful to understand the properties of rocks. However, continuous quantitative analysis of pores in whole borehole is still difficult. Borehole camera technology can capture the borehole wall image of the whole well section by going deep into the borehole, which provides technical conditions for the measurement and analysis of pores. In this paper, a continuous measurement method of rock pores based on borehole camera technology is introduced. According to the characteristics of the optical image of borehole wall, a method of pore recognition and analysis is proposed. Specifically, the influence of redundant information on pore recognition is eliminated, and then the pores are accurately recognized by binarization and morphological operation. Based on the results of pore recognition and the coordinate information provided by borehole wall image, the calculation methods of surface porosity and line porosity are proposed, and the statistical analysis of pore distribution is realized according to the calculation results. In addition, the morphological characteristics of pores are also discussed. This method realizes the accurate recognition and quantitative calculation of pore structure based on borehole wall image, and provides a new method for continuous analysis of pore structure in the whole well.
Comparison of the state-of-the-art nucleon–nucleon potentials from phase shift to nuclear matter
Authors: Nan Ke , Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying , Shen Hong
Published: October 2024

The nucleon–nucleon (NN) potential is the residual interaction of the strong interaction in the low-energy region and is also the fundamental input to the study of atomic nuclei. Based on the nonperturbative properties of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD), NN potential is not yet directly accessible from QCD theory. Therefore, various models of NN interactions have been constructed based on Yukawa’s meson exchange pictures since the 1930s, including one-boson-exchange models, coordinate operator models and chiral effective field models. Analysis of extensive NN scattering data has shown that the two-body nuclear force exhibits a short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction, and decays rapidly with increasing distance. A series of charge-dependent high-precision NN interactions have been further developed in the past 30 years such as the AV18 potential, CD-Bonn potential, pvCD-Bonn potentials and the chiral effective nuclear potentials with momentum expansion up to the fifth order. In this work, the phase shifts at different channels, the cross-sections, the entanglement entropy in spin space, and the equations of state of symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter from these high-precision NN interactions are calculated and systematically compared. It can be found that they have significant differences in the cases with high-angular momentum, high-laboratory energy and high-density regions.
Torsional Vibration of Rock-Socketed Piles Considering the Bottom Sediment and Construction Disturbance
Authors: Zhao Chiheng , Li Zhenya , Zhang Cun , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: October 2024

Based on the virtual soil pile model, this study investigates the torsional vibration of rock-socketed piles while considering the influence of bottom sediment. First, the bottom sediment is perceived as a virtual soil pile, however, its parameters are still determined according to the characteristics of the sediment. The pile, along with the virtual soil pile, is partitioned vertically into numerous segments in accordance to the stratified characteristics of the rock and soil around the pile. To account for the radial inhomogeneity arising from construction disturbance, the surrounding soil is divided into multiple annular zones characterized by progressively varied soil properties in the radial direction. The governing equations which delineate the soil-pile system under torsional dynamic loading are subsequently formulated and solved to yield an analytical solution for pile complex impedance. After ensuring reliability, the established analytical solution is employed to examine the coupling effect of bottom sediment parameters, pile parameters, and construction disturbance on the torsional vibration characteristics of rock-socketed piles.
Random Telegraph Signal Noise Spectroscopy: Challenges and Opportunities for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Petrychuk M. , Pustovyi D. , Boichuk N. , Zhang Y. , Long H. , Vitusevich S.
Published: October 2024

Highly sensitive biosensors which operate based on the utilization of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise spectroscopy might allow for the detection of diseases at the earliest stage. In this work, we provide an overview of our findings concerning RTS behavior in liquid-gated (LG) field-effect transistors (FETs). We propose different kinds of LG FET structures supported by modeling data for the extraction of characteristic RTS parameters for different carrier concentrations and operating voltages in the devices. We demonstrate the innovative aspects and opportunities of noise and fluctuations for biosensing applications. Moreover, we show that light excitation can be used to tune RTS parameters and increase the sensitivity of biosensors by at least 1.5 times. We also discuss challenges related to the utilization of RTS in different research fields, including biosensors and quantum information technology as well as ways of finding solutions to the problems.
Tensor space of Ariki–Koike algebras
Authors: Yang Guiyu
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we define an action of the Ariki–Koike algebra [Formula: see text] on the tensor space [Formula: see text] and establish an isomorphism between [Formula: see text] and certain direct sum of permutation modules of [Formula: see text]. We also define a left [Formula: see text]-module structure on [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we get a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-bimodule structure on [Formula: see text]. A relationship between [Formula: see text] and tensor spaces of Hecke algebras of type [Formula: see text] and affine type [Formula: see text] is also established.
Gorenstein projective, injective, flat modules and dimensions over polynomial rings
Authors: Mao Lixin
Published: October 2024

We investigate Gorenstein projective, injective, flat modules and dimensions over a polynomial ring using the equivalent category of the module category over the polynomial ring. Several estimates of Gorenstein homological dimensions of modules over the polynomial ring are obtained.
Near regular LDPC codes based on combinatorial designs
Authors: Saurabh Shyam , Topno Sheet Nihal , Sinha Kishore
Published: October 2024

Some new approaches for constructing near regular binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes free of 4-cycles are proposed using dual of certain combinatorial designs which are [Formula: see text]-configurations. The present constructions further broaden the class of code lengths. The present constructions give higher code rates of near regular LDPC codes compared to the earlier codes with respect to same code length.
It Takes Two to Tango, But More for Poco-Poco
Authors: CHOIRUZZAD Shofwan Al Banna
Published: October 2024

Japan is viewed as the most trusted partner for ASEAN, including Indonesia, in several surveys. This paper argues that such a position must not be taken for granted as this perspective is historically contingent on strategic or economic calculations and multiple dynamics within Indonesia, Japan and the international system. Strengthening this relationship demands ongoing development to ensure mutual benefits.
Emerging Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Brunei
Authors: HOON Chang-Yau , ZHAO Kaili
Published: October 2024

Since the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative, Brunei Darussalam and China have strengthened economic and trade connections by establishing the Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor and engaging in various multilateral platforms for China-ASEAN cooperation, notably the China-ASEAN Expo. This article assesses the achievements of Chinese foreign direct investment in Brunei, addresses ongoing challenges and provides insights into the current status and prospects of the bilateral cooperation.
Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 on Aboveground Brassicaceous Plant–Insect Interactions
Authors: Bede Jacqueline C. , Blande James D.
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3), influence plant–insect interactions, with variable effects. The few studies that have investigated the direct effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2; 750–900 ppm) or elevated O3 (eO3; 60–200 ppb) on insects have shown mixed results. Instead, most research has focused on the indirect effects through changes in the host plant. In general, the lower nitrogen levels in C3 brassicaceous plants grown at eCO2 negatively affect insects and may result in compensatory feeding. Phytohormones involved in plant resistance may be altered by eCO2 or eO3. For example, stress-related jasmonate levels, which lead to induced resistance against chewing herbivores, are weakened at eCO2. In general, eCO2 does not affect herbivore-induced plant volatiles, which remain attractive to natural enemies. However, floral volatiles and herbivore-induced plant volatiles may be degraded by O3, affecting pollination and foraging natural enemy behavior. Thus, eCO2 and eO3 alter plant–insect interactions; however, many aspects remain poorly understood.
Conservative Laparoscopic Approach for the Management of a 14‐Week Viable Ectopic Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Elbanna Wael , Azmy Osama
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a rare gynecological disorder that occurs at a rate of approximately 0.05% of pregnancies and less than 0.2% of cesarean scars. The ultimate goal in the management of CSEP cases is to remove pregnancy and reduce morbidity while preserving fertility. This case report highlights the successful application of a conservative laparoscopic approach in managing a 14‐week viable CSEP.

Case Presentation: A 35‐year‐old multiparous woman (G8P5A2L5) with five previous cesarean sections and five normal healthy children presented to the clinic with a viable CSEP of 14 weeks of gestation as revealed by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examination. The decision for a conservative laparoscopic approach was made in light of the patient’s desire to preserve fertility.

Intervention and outcome: The laparoscopic procedure included the following steps: extensive dissection of adhesions between the bladder and the uterus; identification of the ectopic pregnancy at the level of the lower segment; extraction of the product of conception in an endobag; and suturing of the lower segment defect. The successful execution of these steps resulted in the removal of the ectopic pregnancy while addressing associated structural concerns. This approach allowed for mitigating morbidity and, importantly, preserving the patient’s fertility.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of a conservative laparoscopic approach for CSEP in the second trimester. Imaging techniques play a pivotal role in accurate diagnosis, with minimally invasive technologies offering effective solutions. Individualized, patient‐centered approaches are necessary to prioritize clinical outcomes and patient preferences.
Tumor Evolution Reconstruction Is Heavily Influenced by Algorithmic and Experimental Choices
Authors: Zaidi Rija , Zaccaria Simone
Published: October 2024

Tumor progression is an evolutionary process during which cells acquire distinct genetic alterations. Several cancer evolutionary studies reconstruct this evolutionary process by applying bulk DNA sequencing to a tumor sample to infer the presence of genetic alterations using various tumor evolutionary algorithms. Through a comprehensive benchmarking effort of these algorithms, a recent study by Salcedo and colleagues found that algorithmic and experimental choices are the main drivers of the accuracy of tumor evolution reconstruction, shedding new light on interpreting previous studies and suggesting a useful path forward for the research community.