bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An item‐level investigation of conceptual and empirical distinctiveness of proactivity constructs
Authors: Cho Seonghee , Carpenter Nichelle C. , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2020

Beyond the prior investigations that took scale‐level approaches to determining discriminant validity in proactivity constructs, the current study contributes a much‐needed interrogation of the items used to measure the behaviors in this domain. The substantive validity (SV) assessments (Study 1) showed that many of the items were judged to be inconsistent with the definition of the construct they assess or, alternatively, more consistent with the definition of a different construct in the domain. Further, exploratory factor analysis revealed the difficulty in empirically separating the four behaviors, while BiM results also advocated against the unique variance of them after accounting for a general factor (Study 2). Altogether, our results show that the items are partly to blame for the empirical redundancy issue.
Australia‐wide cross‐sectional survey of general practitioners' knowledge and practice of lung cancer screening
Authors: Abeyweera Prarthana Dharshanie , Brims Fraser J. H. , Piccolo Francesco , Lei Cory , Manners David
Published: April 2020

Background

Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can reduce lung cancer deaths in high‐risk individuals, yet current Australian guidelines do not recommend screening. Little is known about current screening practices in Australia.

Aim

To evaluate the proportion of general practitioners who report ordering lung cancer screening for their patients, identify factors associated with ordering lung cancer screening and assess general practitioners (GP) rationale for recommending screening and preference of composition of any future national targeted screening programme.

Methods

A survey was distributed to a nationally representative sample of 4000 Australian GP. The questionnaire included respondent demographics, self‐reported screening practices, knowledge of screening recommendations, recent screening education, preference for recruitment methodologies for potential screening programmes and potential factors influencing the screening practices of GP. Two logistic regression models identified factors associated with self‐reported chest X‐ray (CXR) and LDCT screening within the past 12 months.

Results

A total of 323 GP completed the survey (participation rate 8.1%). Participants were mostly females (50.6%), from collective/group (79.1%) and metropolitan‐based practices (73.5%). Despite the majority of responders understanding that screening is not recommended by Australian professional societies (71.2%), a substantial proportion of participants requested a CXR or LDCT screening (46.4% and 20.8% respectively). A variety of shared (GP reassurance, affordability of screening, believing screening is funded) and unique practice, educational and cognitive factors were associated with self‐reported LDCT and CXR screening, with the strongest association being recent education about screening from radiology practices (odds ratio (aOR) for LDCT screening 10.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In Australia, lung cancer screening occurs outside a coordinated programme, and there is discordance between practice and national recommendations. This highlights an urgent need for clearer guidance from national and professional bodies.
Prevalence of polycythaemia with different formulations of testosterone therapy in transmasculine individuals
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Leemaqz Shalem Y. , Ooi Olivia , Cundill Pauline , Silberstein Nicholas , Locke Peter , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S.
Published: April 2020

Background

Masculinising hormone therapy with testosterone is used to align an individual's physical characteristics with his or her gender identity. Testosterone therapy is typically administered via intramuscular or transdermal routes, and polycythaemia is the most common adverse event.

Aims

To compare the risk of polycythaemia with different formulations of testosterone therapy in transmasculine individuals.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was undertaken of transmasculine individuals at a primary and secondary care clinic in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 180 individuals who were on testosterone therapy for >6 months was included. Groups included those receiving: (i) intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (n = 125); (ii) intramuscular testosterone enantate (n = 31); or (iii) transdermal testosterone (n = 24). Outcome was prevalence of polycythaemia (defined as haematocrit > 0.5).

Results

Mean age was 28.4 (8.8) years, with a median duration of testosterone therapy of 37.7 (24.2) months; 27% were smokers. There was no difference between groups in serum total testosterone concentration measured. While there was no difference between groups in haematocrit, there was a higher proportion of patients with polycythaemia in those who were on intramuscular testosterone enantate (23.3%) than on transdermal testosterone (0%), P = 0.040. There was no statistically significant difference in polycythaemia between intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (15%) and transdermal testosterone, P = 0.066 nor between intramuscular testosterone enantate and undecanoate, P = 0.275.

Conclusions

One in four individuals treated with intramuscular testosterone enantate and one in six treated with testosterone undecanoate had polycythaemia. No individual treated with transdermal testosterone had polycythaemia. This highlights the importance of regular monitoring of haematocrit in transmasculine individuals treated with testosterone, and findings may inform treatment choices.
The synergistic effect of combining the bioactive glasses with polymer blends on biological and material properties
Authors: Pawlik Justyna , Dziadek Michał , Cholewa‐Kowalska Katarzyna , Osyczka Anna M.
Published: April 2020

The possibility of combining the advantages of bioresorbable polymers blending and the modification of blend matrix with bioactive ceramic fillers was presented for the first time in order to obtain composite materials for biomedical applications. Two kinds of sol‐gel‐derived bioactive glasses: S2‐high silica and A2‐high lime content were combined with PCL/PLGA blend at different volume ratio, that is, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. Materials were fabricated in the form of thin films using a solvent casting method. The influence of these variables on surface properties (morphology, roughness, wettability), their mechanical performance, in vitro bioactivity and Saos‐2 osteoblast‐like cell response (cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity), were successfully investigated. Due to the specificity of fabrication route, studies were conducted to examine the opposite surfaces of the films, that is, Petri dish glass‐ or air‐exposed during casting. It was demonstrated that the PCL/PLGA ratio of blend matrix, as well as chemical composition of gel‐derived bioactive glass particles, are two‐key factors that allow altering the surface and mechanical properties of the materials in a wide range. This, in turn, modulates significantly the bioactivity of materials and the response of osteoblast‐like cells. Our findings indicate the new possibilities of designing biodegradable and highly bioactive composite materials with potential osteogenic properties.
Speciation rate and the diversity of fishes in freshwaters and the oceans
Authors: Rabosky Daniel L.
Published: April 2020

Aim

The number of fish taxa that occur exclusively in marine biomes is approximately equal to the number that occur in freshwater biomes. Both the geographic area and habitable volume of the marine realm are vastly greater than for Earth's freshwater ecosystems, suggesting that the density of marine species is proportionately much lower in the oceans. Because freshwater lineages are relatively recently derived from older marine lineages, this difference in species density suggests that speciation rates might be elevated in freshwater systems. I tested whether speciation rates differ systematically between freshwater and marine habitats.

Location

Aquatic ecosystems worldwide.

Taxon

Ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii).

Methods

Marine‐freshwater transitions were tabulated from literature survey and from ancestral state reconstruction. I tested for repeated effects of salinity transitions on speciation rate using formal state‐dependent diversification methods (STRAPP, FiSSE). Using maximum likelihood, I then tested for absolute (unreplicated) differences in speciation rate between marine and freshwater lineages.

Results

Ray‐finned fishes have undergone numerous transitions from marine to freshwater systems, but the vast majority of freshwater species richness has resulted from a handful of freshwater colonization events. Speciation rates in freshwater lineages are substantially faster on average than those of marine lineages, but transitions to freshwaters do not lead to elevated rates of speciation in general. This paradox of state‐dependent diversification arises because of the disproportionate effect of several freshwater clades with high species richness and fast rates of speciation.

Main Conclusions

Transitions to freshwater do not cause faster rates of speciation, but freshwater ecosystems worldwide are dominated by several clades with relatively fast rates of speciation. There is no evidence that invasion of a novel habitat (freshwater) is generally sufficient to trigger a burst of speciation in colonizing lineages. These results raise an important conceptual problem for the interpretation of state‐dependent diversification analyses.
Cardiac implantable electronic devices in patients with persistent left superior vena cava—A single center experience
Authors: Ghazzal Bahjat , Sabayon Dean , Kiani Soroosh , Leon Angel R. , Delurgio David , Patel Anshul M. , Lloyd Michael S. , Westerman Stacy , Shah Anand , Merchant Faisal M. , El‐Chami Mikhael F.
Published: April 2020

Background

There are limited data on cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (CIED) in patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC).

Objective

To describe the outcomes of implanting CIEDs with a focus on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with PLSVC.

Methods

We identified all patients with a PLSVC that underwent CIED implantation from December 2008 until February 2019 at our institution by querying the electronic medical record (n = 34). We then identified controls in a 3:1 fashion (n = 102) by matching on device type (CRT vs non‐CRT). Procedure success, complications, fluoroscopy and procedural time were recorded. Outcomes were compared using a two‐way analysis of variance test and conditional regression modeling for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results

A total of 34 patients with PLSVC underwent 38 procedures. Four patients underwent dual chamber system implantation followed by a subsequent upgrade to CRT. Thirteen patients underwent CRT implantation: one was implanted via the right subclavian while the rest were implanted via the PLSVC. Left ventricular (P = .06). Procedure and fluoroscopy times were significantly higher in the PLSVC as compared with the control group (97.7 vs 66.1 minute, P < .001 and 18.1 minute vs 8.7 minutes, P = .005, respectively).

Conclusion

CIED implant in patients with PLSVC is feasible but technically more challenging and appears to be associated with higher risk of right ventricular lead dislodgment.
Detection of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in foods using a rapid, multiplex real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification assay
Authors: Ren Junan , Man Yan , Li An , Liang Gang , Jin Xinxin , Pan Ligang
Published: April 2020

Salmonella has been recognized as a major foodborne pathogen for humans and animals. In this study, a multiplex real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella enterica serovars, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium, from chicken, eggs, lettuce, and papaya. The reaction was performed for 20 min at 35°C, and the detection limit of the assay was 102 CFU/ml for pure culture. In food application, the limit of detection (LOD) of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium using multiplex real‐time RPA without enrichment procedure was 102 CFU/25 g, respectively. After enrichment, the LOD of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium was 10 CFU/25 g. Moreover, the result for Salmonella spp. was not significantly different from those obtained using a culture‐based method. Additionally, the assay has a lower cross‐reactivity with other pathogenic microorganisms and a good stability performance. Thus, the developed multiplex RPA assay could be used as a rapid tool for the detection of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in food.
A 20‐Year Review of Common Factors Research in Marriage and Family Therapy: A Mixed Methods Content Analysis
Authors: D'Aniello Carissa , Fife Stephen T.
Published: April 2020

Introduced by Sprenkle, Blow & Dickey (1999), common factors in marriage and family therapy (MFT) have been discussed over the past two decades. Although the MFT common factors literature has grown, there are misconceptions and disagreements about their role in theory, practice, research, and training. This content analysis examined the contributions of the common factors paradigm to MFT theory, practice, research, and training over the past 20 years. We identified 37 scholarly works including peer‐reviewed journal articles, books, and chapters. Using mixed methods content analysis, we analyze and synthesize the contributions of this literature in terms of theoretical development about therapeutic effectiveness in MFT, MFT training, research, and practice. We provide commentary on the substantive contributions that the common factors paradigm has made to these areas, and we discuss the implications and limitations of the common factors literature, and provide recommendations for moving common factors research forward.
The Election of African American State Legislators in the Modern South
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Hicks William D. , Hood M. V. , McKee Seth C. , Smith Daniel A.
Published: April 2020

This study is the most comprehensive analysis of the election of black state legislators in the American South. We start with the election of Leroy Johnson to the Georgia Senate in 1962, the first African American to win a state legislative seat in the modern South. We also document the election of all subsequent African Americans who were the first to enter their southern state legislative chambers. Next, we assess the factors influencing the election of southern black state legislators from the 1970s through 2015. Because of notable long‐term changes to the southern electorate and alterations in the racial composition of legislative districts, there has been substantial variation in the likelihood of electing black lawmakers. Our final analysis highlights the undeniable reality and broader significance that the increasing share of southern African American state legislators has occurred at the same time that Republican representation has grown at a greater rate.
Treatment of invasive fungal diseases in cancer patients—Revised 2019 Recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO)
Authors: Ruhnke Markus , Cornely Oliver A. , Schmidt‐Hieber Martin , Alakel Nael , Boell Boris , Buchheidt Dieter , Christopeit Maximilian , Hasenkamp Justin , Heinz Werner J. , Hentrich Marcus , Karthaus Meinolf , Koldehoff Michael , Maschmeyer Georg , Panse Jens , Penack Olaf , Schleicher Jan , Teschner Daniel , Ullmann Andrew John , Vehreschild Maria , von Lilienfeld‐Toal Marie , Weissinger Florian , Schwartz Stefan
Published: April 2020

Background

Invasive fungal diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients undergoing intensive cytotoxic therapy. The choice of the most appropriate antifungal treatment (AFT) depends on the fungal species suspected or identified, the patient's risk factors (eg length and depth of granulocytopenia) and the expected side effects.

Objectives

Since the last edition of recommendations for ‘Treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients’ of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) in 2013, treatment strategies were gradually moving away from solely empirical therapy of presumed or possible invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) towards pre‐emptive therapy of probable IFD.

Methods

The guideline was prepared by German clinical experts for infections in cancer patients in a stepwise consensus process. MEDLINE was systematically searched for English‐language publications from January 1975 up to September 2019 using the key terms such as ‘invasive fungal infection’ and/or ‘invasive fungal disease’ and at least one of the following: antifungal agents, cancer, haematological malignancy, antifungal therapy, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, mycoses, aspergillosis, candidosis and mucormycosis.

Results

AFT of IFDs in cancer patients may include not only antifungal agents but also non‐pharmacologic treatment. In addition, the armamentarium of antifungals for treatment of IFDs has been broadened (eg licensing of isavuconazole). Additional antifungals are currently under investigation or in clinical trials.

Conclusions

Here, updated recommendations for the treatment of proven or probable IFDs are given. All recommendations including the levels of evidence are summarised in tables to give the reader rapid access to key information.
Identification of reversible changes in cerebral fat embolism syndrome using susceptibility‐weighted imaging: A case report
Authors: Hidaka Masaoki , Murao Kei , Yokoi Mio , Kuwano Miyuki , Mezuki Satomi , Osaki Masato , Akiyama Tomoaki , Yamaguchi Shinya , Sayama Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari , Arakawa Shuji
Published: April 2020

A 90‐year‐old female with traumatic femur fracture developed dyspnea and consciousness disturbance. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging of the brain revealed multiple punctate low‐signal‐intensity lesions throughout the cerebral white matter, and cerebral fat embolism was diagnosed. The symptoms recovered with conservative treatment, while magnetic resonance imaging scans showed the amount of susceptibility‐weighted imaging lesions markedly increased on day 7 and moderately decreased on day 20. Although susceptibility‐weighted imaging lesions in cerebral fat embolism are thought to be petechiae and last through the whole course without significant change, the reversal of the susceptibility‐weighted imaging findings in our case might reflect a susceptibility change due to chronological hemoglobin degeneration and reperfusion of cerebral microcirculation.
Initiating Collaboration in the Midst of a Standoff: What to Do at that Critical Moment
Authors: Susskind Lawrence
Published: April 2020

Even when “warring parties” know that eventually they will have to talk to one another so that there can be peace, it is extremely difficult to get them to “fast‐forward” to that moment. The reasons for this vary. Sometimes the parties think that “time is on their side”—that continuing the battle will benefit them. Other times, leaders worry how they will appear in the eyes of their own followers if they seem to have lost heart or are ready to give in. A third reason that parties may not initiate talks is their concern that a willingness to do so may lead the other side to assume that they are ready to give up. This article examines a new way of helping parties move forward in such situations using what is called “breakthrough collaboration,” an idea invented by the Consensus Building Institute. Breakthrough collaboration allows parties to take advantage of a critical moment to initiate preliminary trust‐building activities, share information and send messages through a neutral party, and engage in internal efforts that can make it easier to move toward joint problem‐solving. Such efforts can be triggered by a convener (who is not a party) and assisted by a mediator (who may not meet with the parties simultaneously). The goal is to do more than merely encourage dialogue. The hope is that an extended sequence of facilitated activities or events can lead to a shift in thinking on all sides. The key is to know when a critical moment creates an opportunity for breakthrough collaboration.
Leg Length Balance in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Unilateral Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Du Yin‐qiao , Sun Jing‐yang , Ma Hai‐yang , Wang Sen , Ni Ming , Zhou Yong‐gang
Published: April 2020

Objective

To explore the leg length balance in total hip arthroplasty (THA) with shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy (SSTO) or not for unilateral Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) through the evaluation of postoperative full‐length anteroposterior radiographs.

Methods

The postoperative radiographs of 60 patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH from July 2012 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent THA using the Pinnacle Acetabular Cup system, a ceramic liner and femoral head, and the S‐ROM stem with a proximal sleeve or cone. Patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD) < 10 mm were defined as the non‐LLD group. To identify differences associated with SSTO, the group was further divided into two groups based on whether the patient underwent SSTO. A total of 48 patients (26 for SSTO and 22 for non‐SSTO) were in the non‐LLD group. There were 3 male and 45 female patients. The mean age of the patients in the non‐LLD group was 39 years. These data, including leg length, femoral length, the height of center of rotation (COR) of the hip, the depth of the sleeve or cone in the femoral medullary canal and the height of the greater trochanter, were measured.

Results

In the non‐LLD group, the femoral lengths in both SSTO and non‐SSTO groups were significantly shorter on the operated side compared with the contralateral side, and the mean discrepancy in the SSTO group was approximately equal to the mean length of the SSTO. The mean height of the COR of the hip on the operated sides in both SSTO and non‐SSTO groups was 13.2 mm, and the contralateral sides were 15.2 and 15.5 mm, respectively. The depth of the sleeve or cone in the femoral medullary canal between SSTO and non‐SSTO groups was 21.7 and 30.6 mm, respectively. The depth of the sleeve or cone in the SSTO group was negatively correlated with the length of SSTO. The heights of the greater trochanter in the operated and contralateral sides were 5.3 and 16.6 mm in the SSTO group, and 13.2 and 17.2 mm in the non‐SSTO group, respectively.

Conclusions

Shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy led to femoral shortening on the operated side for patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH. The position of the sleeve or cone should be close to the apex of the greater trochanter to compensate the length of the SSTO. The position of the sleeve or cone without SSTO should be adjusted to make sure that the height of the greater trochanter on the operated side is close to that on the contralateral side.
Post hoc false positive control for structured hypotheses
Authors: Durand Guillermo , Blanchard Gilles , Neuvial Pierre , Roquain Etienne
Published: April 2020

In a high‐dimensional multiple testing framework, we present new confidence bounds on the false positives contained in subsets S of selected null hypotheses. These bounds are post hoc in the sense that the coverage probability holds simultaneously over all S, possibly chosen depending on the data. This article focuses on the common case of structured null hypotheses, for example, along a tree, a hierarchy, or geometrically (spatially or temporally). Following recent advances in post hoc inference, we build confidence bounds for some prespecified forest‐structured subsets and deduce a bound for any subset S by interpolation. The proposed bounds are shown to improve substantially previous ones when the signal is locally structured. Our findings are supported both by theoretical results and numerical experiments. Moreover, our bounds can be obtained by an algorithm (with complexity bilinear in the sizes of the reference hierarchy and of the selected subset) that is implemented in the open‐source R package sansSouci available from https://github.com/pneuvial/sanssouci, making our approach operational.
Onomatopoeia – A Unique Species?
Authors: Körtvélyessy Lívia
Published: April 2020

Onomatopoeia has not been paid much attention in theoretical linguistics, which may be related to its iconic‐symbolic nature. Moreover, the concept of onomatopoeia and its classification seem to vary in different linguistic traditions. Therefore, a new theoretical conception of onomatopoeia is proposed that makes it possible to examine onomatopoeia from a comparative perspective. This paper pursues the primary objective of clarifying the position of onomatopoeia in the system of language, in particular, whether or not onomatopoeia is an idiosyncratic group of words in the lexicon. This objective is implemented by evaluating the characteristics of onomatopoeia in English and Slovak from the semiotic and phonic points of view.
System Identification and Lateral Dynamics of the Active Tilt-Controlled Electric Three Wheeler
Authors: Sindha Jigneshsinh , Chakraborty Basab , Chakravarty Debashish
Published: April 2020

Active tilt control system (ATC) is considered to be a prominent technological advancement in the three wheelers (3Ws), which improves the drive and comfort capabilities of 3W, leading to additional benefits of excellent maneuverability and small track width. An experimental prototype along with its simulation model is developed, to study the impact of the tilt actuation control system (TAS) and active steer (AS) system on the overall drive experience and stability improvement. A steering direct tilt control (SDTC) strategy is implemented on the vehicle, which allows stable operation of the system during the entire drive range. A transfer function (TF) of the TAS is estimated from the measurements on the prototype using the system identification tool. The derived TF is then utilized to investigate the response of the complete vehicle in terms of vehicle trajectory, perceived acceleration and load transfer across the rear wheels during the double lane change (DLC) and constant turn maneuvers. The results of the analysis indicate that the perceived acceleration felt by the driver is up to 45% less than the lateral acceleration along with up to 36% reduction in load transfer across the rear wheels.
Rapid Modeling and Design Optimization of Multi-Topology Lattice Structure Based on Unit-Cell Library
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhuo Shurong , Xiao Yining , Zheng Guolei , Dong Guoying , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona
Published: April 2020

Lightweight lattice structure generation and topology optimization (TO) are common design methodologies. In order to further improve potential structural stiffness of lattice structures, a method combining the multi-topology lattice structure design based on unit-cell library with topology optimization is proposed to optimize the parts. First, a parametric modeling method to rapidly generate a large number of different types of lattice cells is presented. Then, the unit-cell library and its property space are constructed by calculating the effective mechanical properties via a computational homogenization methodology. Third, the template of compromise Decision Support Problem (cDSP) is applied to generate the optimization formulation. The selective filling function of unit cells and geometric parameter computation algorithm are subsequently given to obtain the optimum lightweight lattice structure with uniformly varying densities across the design space. Lastly, for validation purposes, the effectiveness and robustness of the optimized results are analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation.
Detecting moving targets in active sonar echograph of harbor environment using high-order time lacunarity
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Han Yina , Liu Qingyu , Huang Haining
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a feature for detecting potential targets from high level littoral clutters in active sonar echographs. Based on lacunarity, which describes the image texture statistics, an extension to the time domain is made in order to measure the dynamic behavior of target echoes and background clutters. Moreover, as high-order moments have been shown to well characterize the non-Rayleigh tails of littoral clutter, high-order computation is incorporated in the proposed high-order time lacunarity (HOT-Lac). The potential of HOT-Lac is demonstrated using a series of active sonar echographs with diverse cooperative targets detected in real-world harbor environments in the South China Sea. Specifically, it is shown how HOT-Lac can effectively distinguish different moving small targets from high-level background clutter, and how this ability can be exploited to highlight an invasion target in harbor security.
“I Don’t Want to Give Them My Brain for the Day . . . and Then Take It Back”: An Examination of the Coach-Created Motivational Climate in Adult Adventure Sports
Authors: Cooper Doug , Allen Justine
Published: April 2020

In contrast to cross-sectional age trends of declining adult participation in sport, engagement in adventure sports is increasing among adults. The coach may have an important role to play in shaping the motivational climate to encourage and retain participants in adventure sport. The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth examination of the coach-created motivational climate in noncompetition focused adult adventure sport by adopting a multiple methods approach. The study was grounded in a multidimensional theoretical perspective that combines achievement goal theory and self-determination theory. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations of coaching sessions were employed to assess coaches’ (N = 6), participants’ (N = 25), and observers’ perspectives on the empowering and disempowering nature and features of coaching sessions. Analysis of the data demonstrated consistent views that the coaches created a strongly empowering and only weakly disempowering climate. Insight was gained about why and how coaches created this climate, as well as the challenges they experienced in maintaining an empowering climate for adults in adventure sport contexts. The place of structure, control, relatedness support, and coaches’ philosophies are discussed.
The Effectiveness of Classical Ballet Training on Health-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Letton Meg E. , Thom Jeanette M. , Ward Rachel E.
Published: April 2020

Background: Regular physical activity is of paramount importance to reduce chronic disease risk. Classical ballet training requires balance, strength, and range of motion. Participation in social ballet classes is increasing. Ballet training interventions may be an alternative method of regular, enjoyable activity. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of classical ballet training interventions on physical and psychological health.Methods: Ten databases were searched until April 2019. The included studies investigated classical ballet training interventions of a ≥4-week duration, on any population (no restrictions on experience and clinical condition), measuring physical health or psychological outcomes.Results: Twenty-three studies (25 intervention groups) were included, comprising experienced (19 groups) and novice dancers (6 groups). In experienced populations, muscular strength was the most commonly reported outcome. However, only 25% of these studies reported improvements. With novice dancers, including clinical populations, balance showed the most positive change, improving in 75% of studies that reported this measure.Conclusions: Classical ballet training may improve balance in novices and maintain physical activity across the life span. Experienced dancers showed no further improvement, perhaps due to an already greater ability. There was large heterogeneity between the included studies. A greater focus on classical ballet interventions for inexperienced populations is required.
Knee Joint and Quadriceps Dysfunction in Individuals With Anterior Knee Pain, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Meniscus Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Sungwan , Kim Daeho , Park Jihong
Published: April 2020

Context:While arthrogenous muscle inhibition associated with knee injuries is evident, the relative magnitude of functional deficiency related to each individual knee pathology is unclear.Objective:To compare the knee joint and quadriceps dysfunction among patients with anterior knee pain (AKP) without surgical history and those with surgical history (anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [ACLR]; meniscus surgery) without current AKP, with matched healthy controls.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:A total of 66 patients with knee pathologies and 30 controls.Main Outcome Measures:Pain perception and lower-extremity functional outcomes were assessed. Knee joint function was measured by replication tests. Quadriceps function was measured by strength, voluntary activation, and torque-generating capacity.Results:Patients with AKP reported greater pain perception compared with the other knee conditions (4.3 vs 0.1 of 10 in Numeric Pain Rating Scale,P < .0001). Compared with the controls: (1) patients with AKP showed a greater error on knee-flexion replications at 75° (2.9° vs 5.4°,P = .002), (2) patients with AKP and ACLR showed less quadriceps strength (AKP: 3.3 vs 2.6 N·m/kg,P = .002; ACLR: 3.3 vs 2.7 N·m/kg,P = .02) and voluntary activation (AKP: 0.982 vs 0.928,P < .0001; ACLR: 0.982 vs 0.946,P = .003), and (3) all knee pathologies reported lower scores on functional outcomes (79 vs 65 of 80 points in Lower-Extremity Functional Scale,P < .0001) and showed less quadriceps torque-generating capacity (10.7 vs 7.8 N·m/s/kg,P < .0001). Among the knee pathologies, patients with AKP showed less quadriceps voluntary activation compared with the patients with meniscus surgery (0.928 vs 0.964,P = .03).Conclusion:As patients with AKP had an additional impairment in knee joint flexion replications and reported a less score in functional outcomes, knee pain may produce a greater impact on functional deficiency.
Effects of a 4-Week Short-Foot Exercise Program on Gait Characteristics in Patients With Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Kim Jinah , Lee Sung Cheol , Chun Youngmin , Jun Hyung-Pil , Seegmiller Jeffrey G. , Kim Kyung Min , Lee Sae Yong
Published: April 2020

Context:Clinically, it has been suggested that increased activation of intrinsic foot muscles may alter the demand of extrinsic muscle activity surrounding the ankle joint in patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. However, there is limited empirical evidence supporting this notion.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week short-foot exercise (SFE) on biomechanical factors in patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.Design:Single-group pretest–posttest.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Fifteen subjects (8 males and 7 females) with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction who had pain in posterior tibial tendon, pronated foot deformity (foot posture index ≥+6), and flexible foot deformity (navicular drop ≥10 mm) were voluntarily recruited.Intervention:All subjects completed a 4-week SFE program (15 repetitions × 5 sets/d and 3 d/wk) of 4 stages (standing with feedback, sitting, double-leg, and one-leg standing position).Main Outcome Measures:Ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscle activation (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) during gait were measured before and after SFE program. Cohendeffect size (ES [95% confidence intervals]) was calculated.Results:During the first rocker, tibialis anterior activation decreased at peak plantarflexion (ES = 0.75 [0.01 to 1.49]) and inversion (ES = 0.77 [0.03 to 1.51]) angle. During the second rocker, peak dorsiflexion angle (ES = 0.77 [0.03 to 1.51]) and tibialis anterior activation at peak eversion (ES = 1.57 [0.76 to 2.39]) reduced. During the third rocker, the peak abduction angle (ES = 0.80 [0.06 to 1.54]) and tibialis anterior and fibularis longus activation at peak plantarflexion (ES = 1.34 [0.54 to 2.13]; ES = 1.99 [1.11 to 2.86]) and abduction (ES = 1.29 [0.50 to 2.08]; ES = 1.67 [0.84 to 2.50]) decreased.Conclusions:Our 4-week SFE program may have positive effects on changing muscle activation patterns for tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscles, although it could not influence their structural deformity and ankle joint moment. It could produce a potential benefit of decreased tibialis posterior activation.
Parallel PRC2/cPRC1 and vPRC1 pathways silence lineage-specific genes and maintain self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zepeda-Martinez J. A. , Pribitzer C. , Wang J. , Bsteh D. , Golumbeanu S. , Zhao Q. , Burkard T. R. , Reichholf B. , Rhie S. K. , Jude J. , Moussa H. F. , Zuber J. , Bell O.
Published: April 2020

Stem cell identity is maintained by diverse Polycomb complexes cooperating to ensure robust silencing of key developmental genes.
IL-27 signaling activates skin cells to induce innate antiviral proteins and protects against Zika virus infection
Authors: Kwock Jeffery T. , Handfield Chelsea , Suwanpradid Jutamas , Hoang Peter , McFadden Michael J. , Labagnara Kevin F. , Floyd Lauren , Shannon Jessica , Uppala Ranjitha , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Corcoran David L. , Lazear Helen M. , Sempowski Gregory , Horner Stacy M. , MacLeod Amanda S.
Published: April 2020

IL-27 signaling activates the production of antiviral proteins in the skin and inhibits Zika virus infection.
The unconventional biogenesis of Kv7.1-KCNE1 complexes
Authors: Oliveras Anna , Serrano-Novillo Clara , Moreno Cristina , de la Cruz Alicia , Valenzuela Carmen , Soeller Christian , Comes Núria , Felipe Antonio
Published: April 2020

The cardiac
I
Ks
(Kv7.1-KCNE1) channel assembles at ER-PM junctions before translocated to the plasma membrane.
Ribosome-associated vesicles: A dynamic subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells
Authors: Carter Stephen D. , Hampton Cheri M. , Langlois Robert , Melero Roberto , Farino Zachary J. , Calderon Michael J. , Li Wen , Wallace Callen T. , Tran Ngoc Han , Grassucci Robert A. , Siegmund Stephanie E. , Pemberton Joshua , Morgenstern Travis J. , Eisenman Leanna , Aguilar Jenny I. , Greenberg Nili L. , Levy Elana S. , Yi Edward , Mitchell William G. , Rice William J. , Wigge Christoph , Pilli Jyotsna , George Emily W. , Aslanoglou Despoina , Courel Maïté , Freyberg Robin J. , Javitch Jonathan A. , Wills Zachary P. , Area-Gomez Estela , Shiva Sruti , Bartolini Francesca , Volchuk Allen , Murray Sandra A. , Aridor Meir , Fish Kenneth N. , Walter Peter , Balla Tamas , Fass Deborah , Wolf Sharon G. , Watkins Simon C. , Carazo José María , Jensen Grant J. , Frank Joachim , Freyberg Zachary
Published: April 2020

Ribosome-associated vesicles are a novel, dynamic ER-derived organelle.
A multifunctional surfactant catalyst inspired by hydrolases
Authors: Nothling Mitchell D. , Xiao Zeyun , Hill Nicholas S. , Blyth Mitchell T. , Bhaskaran Ayana , Sani Marc-Antoine , Espinosa-Gomez Andrea , Ngov Kevin , White Jonathan , Buscher Tim , Separovic Frances , O’Mara Megan L. , Coote Michelle L. , Connal Luke A.
Published: April 2020

Enzyme-inspired catalysis using self-assembled amphiphiles mimic and localize multiple chemical units common to hydrolases.
Designer, injectable gels to prevent transplanted Schwann cell loss during spinal cord injury therapy
Authors: Marquardt Laura M. , Doulames Vanessa M. , Wang Alice T. , Dubbin Karen , Suhar Riley A. , Kratochvil Michael J. , Medress Zachary A. , Plant Giles W. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: April 2020

An injectable gel improves cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury.
MAP6 is an intraluminal protein that induces neuronal microtubules to coil
Authors: Cuveillier Camille , Delaroche Julie , Seggio Maxime , Gory-Fauré Sylvie , Bosc Christophe , Denarier Eric , Bacia Maria , Schoehn Guy , Mohrbach Hervé , Kulić Igor , Andrieux Annie , Arnal Isabelle , Delphin Christian
Published: April 2020

MAP6 enters the lumen and induces coiling in a previously unidentified class of neuronal microtubules.
Epitope-directed antibody selection by site-specific photocrosslinking
Authors: Chen Longxin , Zhu Chaoyang , Guo Hui , Li Runting , Zhang Limeng , Xing Zhenzhen , Song Yue , Zhang Zihan , Wang Fuping , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Yuhan , Ma Runlin Z. , Wang Feng
Published: April 2020

We selected epitope-specific antibodies by cross-linking hits to the site-specific photocrosslinker on the target antigen.
Pretargeted delivery of PI3K/mTOR small-molecule inhibitor–loaded nanoparticles for treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Au Kin Man , Wang Andrew Z. , Park Steven I.
Published: April 2020

Dual pretargeting with anti-CD20 and anti–HLA-DR allows effective therapeutic delivery of a BEZ235 nanoformulation to NHL cells.
Urinary detection of lung cancer in mice via noninvasive pulmonary protease profiling
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jesse D. , Warren Andrew D. , Soleimany Ava P. , Westcott Peter M. K. , Voog Justin C. , Martin-Alonso Carmen , Fleming Heather E. , Tammela Tuomas , Jacks Tyler , Bhatia Sangeeta N.
Published: April 2020

Intrapulmonary protease-sensitive nanoparticles detect lung cancer as a urinary readout in two genetically engineered mouse models.
Spontaneous reversal of stenosis in tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Drews Joseph D. , Pepper Victoria K. , Best Cameron A. , Szafron Jason M. , Cheatham John P. , Yates Andrew R. , Hor Kan N. , Zbinden Jacob C. , Chang Yu-Chun , Mirhaidari Gabriel J. M. , Ramachandra Abhay B. , Miyamoto Shinka , Blum Kevin M. , Onwuka Ekene A. , Zakko Jason , Kelly John , Cheatham Sharon L. , King Nakesha , Reinhardt James W. , Sugiura Tadahisa , Miyachi Hideki , Matsuzaki Yuichi , Breuer Julie , Heuer Eric D. , West T. Aaron , Shoji Toshihiro , Berman Darren , Boe Brian A. , Asnes Jeremy , Galantowicz Mark , Matsumura Goki , Hibino Narutoshi , Marsden Alison L. , Pober Jordan S. , Humphrey Jay D. , Shinoka Toshiharu , Breuer Christopher K.
Published: April 2020

Computational modeling and ovine data reveal spontaneous reversal of early tissue-engineered vascular graft stenosis, with clinical implications.
Macrophages make you stronger
Authors: Van den Bossche Jan
Published: April 2020

Macrophage-derived meteorin-like promotes skeletal muscle repair.
Location, location, location: A tubal neighborhood unfriendly to implantation
Authors: Kommagani Ramakrishna
Published: April 2020

Reduced adrenomedullin secretion by tubal epithelial cells results in increased macrophage function and increased susceptibility to ectopic pregnancy.
Pyridoxal Reductase, PdxI, Is Critical for Salvage of Pyridoxal in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ito Tomokazu , Downs Diana M.
Published: April 2020

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B6 and an essential cofactor in all organisms. In Escherichia coli, PLP is synthesized via the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate (DXP)-dependent pathway that includes seven enzymatic steps and generates pyridoxine 5′-phosphate as an intermediate. Additionally, E. coli is able to salvage pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine B6 vitamers to produce PLP using kinases PdxK/PdxY and pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PdxH). We found that E. coli strains blocked in PLP synthesis prior to the formation of pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP) required significantly less exogenous pyridoxal (PL) than strains lacking pdxH and identified the conversion of PL to pyridoxine (PN) during cultivation to be the cause. Our data showed that PdxI, shown to have PL reductase activity in vitro, was required for the efficient salvage of PL in E. coli. The pdxI+ E. coli strains converted exogenous PL to PN during growth, while pdxI mutants did not. In total, the data herein demonstrated that PdxI is a critical enzyme in the salvage of PL by E. coli.

IMPORTANCE The biosynthetic pathway of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) has extensively been studied in Escherichia coli, yet limited information is available about the vitamin B6 salvage pathway. We show that the protein PdxI (YdbC) is the primary pyridoxal (PL) reductase in E. coli and is involved in the salvage of PL. The orthologs of PdxI occur in a wide range of bacteria and plants, suggesting that PL reductase in the B6 salvage pathway is more widely distributed than previously expected.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Cryptophycin-Producing Cyanobacterium
Nostoc
sp. Strain ATCC 53789
Authors: Tippelt Anna , Busche Tobias , Rückert Christian , Nett Markus
Published: April 2020

Nostoc
sp. strain ATCC 53789 is a producer of cryptophycins, which are promising anticancer agents. Here, we report the completely sequenced 8.7-Mb genome of
Nostoc
sp. strain ATCC 53789. The sequence provides insights into the metabolic network of this cyanobacterial strain and illuminates its potential for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain C8S0, Isolated from a Highly Oligotrophic Sediment
Authors: Gallegos-Lopez S. , Mejia-Ponce P. M. , Gonzalez-Salazar L. A. , Rodriguez-Orduña L. , Souza-Saldivar V. , Licona-Cassani C.
Published: April 2020

Streptomyces
spp. are prolific bacteria producing bioactive metabolites. We present the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. strain C8S0, which was isolated from a highly oligotrophic sediment from the Cuatro Cienegas Basin (Mexico). The whole-genome assembly comprised 6,898,902 bp, with 18 biosynthetic gene clusters, including those for nonconventional terpenes, nonribosomal peptides, and polyketides.
Inner ear is a target for insulin signaling and insulin resistance: evidence from mice and auditory HEI-OC1 cells
Authors: Pålbrink Ann-Ki , Kopietz Franziska , Morén Björn , In 't Zandt René , Kalinec Federico , Stenkula Karin , Göransson Olga , Holm Cecilia , Magnusson Måns , Degerman Eva
Published: April 2020

Objective

The mechanisms underlying the association between diabetes and inner ear dysfunction are not known yet. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of obesity/insulin resistance on inner ear fluid homeostasis in vivo, and to investigate whether the organ of Corti could be a target tissue for insulin signaling using auditory House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells as an in vitro model.

Methods

High fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice were used as a model to study the impact of insulin resistance on the inner ear. In one study, 12 C57BL/6J mice were fed either control diet or HFD and the size of the inner ear endolymphatic fluid compartment (EFC) was measured after 30 days using MRI and gadolinium contrast as a read-out. In another study, the size of the inner ear EFC was evaluated in eight C57BL/6J mice both before and after HFD feeding, with the same techniques. HEI-OC1 auditory cells were used as a model to investigate insulin signaling in organ of Corti cells.

Results

HFD feeding induced an expansion of the EFC in C57BL/6J mice, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction. Insulin also induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) at Ser473, in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of PKB was inhibited by isoproterenol and IBMX, a general phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. PDE1B, PDE4D and the insulin-sensitive PDE3B were found expressed and catalytically active in HEI-OC1 cells. Insulin decreased and AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, increased the phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser79 of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis, was detected in HEI-OC1 cells.

Conclusions

The organ of Corti could be a target tissue for insulin action, and inner ear insulin resistance might contribute to the association between diabetes and inner ear dysfunction.