bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclopropanation–ring expansion of 3-chloroindoles with α-halodiazoacetates: novel synthesis of 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid and norfloxacin
Authors: Peeters Sara , Berntsen Linn Neerbye , Rongved Pål , Bonge-Hansen Tore
Published: September 2019

We present a short and efficient way of synthesizing two synthetically versatile 4-quinolone-3-carboxylate building blocks by cyclopropanation-ring expansion of 3-chloroindoles with α-halodiazoacetates as the key step. This novel transformation was applied towards the synthesis of the antibiotic drug norfloxacin.
LRG-BEASTS: Transmission Spectroscopy and Retrieval Analysis of the Highly Inflated Saturn-mass Planet WASP-39b
Authors: Kirk James , López-Morales Mercedes , Wheatley Peter J. , Weaver Ian C. , Skillen Ian , Louden Tom , McCormac James , Espinoza Néstor
Published: September 2019

We present a ground-based transmission spectrum and comprehensive retrieval analysis of the highly inflated Saturn-mass planet WASP-39b. We obtained low-resolution spectra (R ≈ 400) of a transit of WASP-39b using the ACAM instrument on the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope as part of the LRG-BEASTS survey. Our transmission spectrum is in good agreement with previous ground- and space-based observations of WASP-39b, and covers a wavelength range of 4000–9000 Å. Previous analyses of this exoplanet have retrieved water abundances that span more than four orders of magnitude, which in turn lead to conclusions of a subsolar or highly supersolar atmospheric metallicity. In order to determine the cause of the large discrepancies in the literature regarding WASP-39b’s atmospheric metallicity, we performed retrieval analyses of all literature data sets. Our retrievals, which assume equilibrium chemistry, recovered highly supersolar metallicities for all data sets. When running our retrievals on a combined spectrum, spanning 0.3–5 μm, we recovered an atmospheric metallicity of

× solar. We find that stellar activity has a negligible effect on the derived abundances and instead conclude that different assumptions made during retrieval analyses lead to the reported water abundances that differ by orders of magnitude. This in turn has significant consequences for the conclusions we draw. This is the fourth planet to be observed as part of the LRG-BEASTS survey, which is demonstrating that 4 m class telescopes can obtain low-resolution transmission spectra with precisions of around one atmospheric scale height.
Mapping Quasar Light Echoes in 3D with Lyα Forest Tomography
Authors: Schmidt Tobias M. , Hennawi Joseph F. , Lee Khee-Gan , Lukić Zarija , Oñorbe Jose , White Martin
Published: September 2019

The intense radiation emitted by luminous quasars dramatically alters the ionization state of their surrounding IGM. This so-called proximity effect extends out to tens of Mpc, and manifests as large coherent regions of enhanced Lyα (Lyα) forest transmission in absorption spectra of background sightlines. Here, we present a novel method based on Lyα forest tomography, which is capable of mapping these quasar “light echoes” in three dimensions. Using a dense grid (10–100) of faint (

) background galaxies as absorption probes, one can measure the ionization state of the IGM in the vicinity of a foreground quasar, yielding detailed information about the quasar’s radiative history and emission geometry. An end-to-end analysis—combining cosmological hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with a quasar emission model, realistic estimates of galaxy number densities, and instrument + telescope throughput—is conducted to explore the feasibility of detecting quasar light echoes. We present a new, fully Bayesian statistical method that allows one to reconstruct quasar light echoes from thousands of individual low-S/N transmission measurements. Armed with this tool, we undertake an exhaustive parameter study and show that light echoes can be convincingly detected for luminous (M
1450 < −27.5 mag, corresponding to m
1450 < 18.4 mag at

) quasars at redshifts 3 < z
QSO < 5, and that a relative precision better than 20% on the quasar age can be achieved for individual objects in the expected range of ages between 1 and 100 Myr. The observational requirements are relatively modest: moderate-resolution (R ≳ 750), multiobject spectroscopy at a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 5) is sufficient, requiring three-hour integrations using existing instruments on 8 m class telescopes.
Massive White Dwarfs in the Galactic Center: A Chandra X-Ray Spectroscopy of Cataclysmic Variables
Authors: Xu Xiao-jie , Li Zhiyuan , Zhu Zhenlin , Cheng Zhongqun , Li Xiang-dong , Yu Zhuo-li
Published: September 2019

Previous X-ray observations toward the nuclear star cluster (NSC) at the Galactic center have discovered thousands of point sources, most of which were believed to be cataclysmic variables (CVs), i.e., a white dwarf (WD) accreting from a low-mass companion. However, the population properties of these CVs remain unclear, which otherwise would provide important information about the evolutionary history of the NSC. In this work we utilize ultra-deep archival Chandra observations to study the spectral properties of the NSC CVs, in close comparison with those in the solar vicinity. We find that the NSC CVs have strong Fe xxv and Fe xxvi lines (both of which show equivalent widths ∼200–300 eV), indicating metal-rich companions. Moreover, their Fe xxvi to Fe xxv line flux ratio is used to diagnose the characteristic WD mass (M
WD) of NSC CVs. The results show that the CVs with

erg s−1 have a mean M
WD of ∼0.6/1.0 M
⊙ if they are magnetic/nonmagnetic CVs; while those with

between 1 and 6 × 1031 erg s−1 have a mean M
WD of ∼0.8/1.2 M
⊙ if they are magnetic/nonmagnetic CVs. All these Chandra detected CVs collectively contribute ∼30%–50% of the unresolved 20–40 keV X-ray emission from the NSC. The CV population with massive (i.e., M
WD ∼ 1.2 M
⊙) WDs have not been observed in the solar vicinity or the Galactic bulge, and they might have been formed via dynamical encounters in the NSC.
Compton-thick AGNs in the NuSTAR Era. V. Joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Spectral Analysis of Three “Soft-gamma” Candidate CT-AGNs in the Swift/BAT 100-month Catalog
Authors: Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Zhao X. , Comastri A. , Parola V. La , Segreto A.
Published: September 2019

We present the joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectral analysis in the 0.6–70 keV band of three candidate Compton-thick (CT-) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in the 100-month Swift-BAT catalog. These objects were previously classified as CT-AGNs based on low-quality Swift-X-ray Telescope (XRT) and Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) data, and had soft photon indices (Γ > 2.2) that suggested a potential overestimation of the line-of-sight column density (N
H,LOS). Thanks to the high-quality NuSTAR and XMM-Newton data we were able to determine that in all three objects the photon index was significantly overestimated, and two out of three sources are reclassified from CT to Compton thin, confirming a previously observed trend, i.e., that a significant fraction of BAT-selected, candidate CT-AGNs with poor soft X-ray data are reclassified as Compton thin when the NuSTAR data are added to the fit. Finally, thanks to both the good XMM-Newton spatial resolution and the high NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectral quality, we found that the third object in our sample was associated to the wrong counterpart: the correct one, 2MASX J10331570+5252182, has redshift z = 0.14036, which makes it one of the very few candidate CT-AGNs in the 100 months BAT catalog detected at z > 0.1, and a rare CT quasar.
Kappa-Maxwellian Electrons and Bi-Maxwellian Protons in a Two-fluid Model for Fast Solar Wind
Authors: Taran Somayeh , Safari Hossein , Daei Farhad
Published: September 2019

Modeling fast solar wind based on kinetic theory is an important task for scientists. In this paper, we present a two-fluid model for fast solar wind with anisotropic Kappa-Maxwellian electrons and Bi-Maxwellian protons. In the simulation, the energy exchange between the plasma particles and low-frequency Alfvén waves is considered. A set of eleven coupled equations is derived by applying the zeroth- to fourth-order moments of the Vlasov equation and the modified electromagnetic Maxwell equations. A characteristic of the Kappa distribution (indicated by κ index) is explicit in the equation for the parallel component of the electron heat flux (parallel to the ambient magnetic field line) and differs from the equation derived for the proton heat flux due to the different nature of the distributions. Within the large κ index, the equations for the two-fluid model tend to the equations obtained by the Maxwellian distribution. Using an iterated Crank–Nicolson method, the coupled equations are numerically solved for the fast solar wind conditions. We show that at (0.3–1) au from the Sun, the electron density, components of temperature, and components of heat flux follow the power-law behavior. We also showed that near the Earth, the flow speed (electron or proton) increases with decreasing κ. We concluded that through applying the small κ index (the non-Maxwellian distribution), the extraordinary nature of the solar atmosphere, with its temperature of several million kelvin for electrons, has been captured.
Les médecins et les maladies sanguines héréditaires à la fin du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Gélis Jacques
Published: September 2019

En 1788 et 1790, dans un contexte populationniste, la Société royale de médecine met au concours la question des maladies héréditaires en demandant aux auteurs de mémoires de les caractériser et de proposer des solutions pour les éradiquer. Le sang est souvent évoqué dans les textes, en particulier à propos de la relation mère-fœtus, puisque c’est par le sang de la mère que le fœtus peut être contaminé. L’idée d’un virus dormant dans le sang est fréquente, principalement le « virus vérolique » qui est d’autant plus redoutable qu’on pense qu’il peut rester longtemps caché au sein d’une même famille, sauter plusieurs générations et réapparaître. Pour remédier aux maladies sanguines héréditaires, les médecins préconisent de surveiller les alliances, en privilégiant des dispositions de corps opposées mais complémentaires, en évitant la diffusion du mauvais sang par des mesures eugénistes de sélection et par le recours à des alliances croisées entre ressortissants de régions, voire de pays opposés mais complémentaires. Le brassage des sangs permettrait alors de faire émerger « un enfant du juste milieu », entre « excès paternels » et « excès maternels ». Ces textes ont contribué à l’émergence de l’héréditarisme français et européen au xix e  siècle.
Un autre printemps des crèches ? Le développement des crèches est-allemandes des années 1950 aux années 1980
Authors: Christian Michel
Published: September 2019

Des années 1950 aux années 1980, l’expansion des crèches est-allemandes est continue, si bien qu’en 1989, elles prenaient en charge 80 % des enfants entre un et trois ans. Considérées comme un moyen de décharger de la garde de leurs enfants les mères contraintes de travailler, les crèches se concentrent initialement sur les aspects sanitaires et privilégient une implantation sur le lieu de travail. Mais dès le milieu des années 1950, ces orientations initiales sont profondément remises en question, en particulier dans le sillage de la pédiatre Eva Schmidt-Kolmer, qui défend le développement des crèches de quartier ainsi que leur vocation éducative, basée sur un programme et sur un personnel formé. Il faut attendre la fin des années 1970 pour que les crèches se généralisent, parallèlement à la professionnalisation de leur personnel. À l’issue de ces transformations, qu’on peut comparer au « printemps des crèches » français, les crèches est-allemandes ne jouent plus le rôle traditionnel d’un palliatif à l’absence de la mère : elles sont devenues le dispositif ordinaire de prise en charge des enfants, y compris pour les groupes sociaux dominants, qui en étaient les premiers usagers. De même, tout en maintenant les aspects sanitaires traditionnels elles sont désormais pleinement pensées comme des établissements d’éducation. Ces évolutions sont communes à la plupart des pays européens, à l’exception de la RFA. Pour les comprendre, il faut dépasser l’habituelle comparaison en miroir inversé des sociétés est-allemande et ouest-allemande et adopter une perspective européenne.
Le paysage se cambre
Authors: Zancarini-Fournel Michelle
Published: September 2019

En 2018, la prolifique production éditoriale et médiatique au sujet de Mai 68 (plusieurs centaines de titres) apporte de réelles nouveautés dans quatre directions : l’exhumation de sources inédites, les archives du pouvoir ; de nouvelles approches de la culture visuelle ; l’étude de terrains provinciaux ; le témoignage d’anonymes recueillis cinquante ans après les événements. L’expérience sensible du politique, la verticalité des pouvoirs et la quête d’horizontalité incarnent le paysage éditorial et politique de 2018.
De la difficulté de faire société autrement
Authors: Godefroid Françoise
Published: September 2019

Dans la volonté de vivre et faire ensemble autrement qui ne vise pas à l’auto-exclusion, les pressions du contexte socio-économique sont souvent sous-estimées. Cet article présente, en appui sur une recherche-action, une étude menée auprès d’un groupe revendiquant une telle volonté, placé dans une situation qui se révèle progressivement antagoniste. Cette équipe de travail associatif est amenée à animer un projet urbain d’occupation temporaire dont l’ampleur, la durée et le succès bousculent ses valeurs et ses modèles de fonctionnement initiaux. Dans la trame serrée des enjeux psychiques et sociaux s’opère alors un basculement qui amène la structure associative à se rigidifier au détriment de sa capacité d’innovation et de sa vocation d’avant-garde.
Redimensionner les modes d’être et les modes de vie : l’enjeu de la taille au cœur des initiatives de transition écologique
Authors: Canabate Alice
Published: September 2019

Des initiatives de transition écologique ont émergé, en Europe, cette dernière décennie. Constituées autour des questions de territoire , elles visent à instituer le suffisant et le dimensionné comme éléments nodaux permettant de développer de nouvelles façons de vivre, de partager et de s'engager avec les autres à une échelle pouvant générer du sens ; la question de la juste taille devient ainsi primordiale. Nous nous proposons ici de revenir sur les imaginaires politiques et les pratiques instituantes de ces différentes initiatives qualifiables de « postdéveloppementistes », en nous basant sur une double investigation qualitative : d’une part, une étude d’observation conduite en Grèce, en Espagne et au Portugal et, d’autre part, des observations d’expérimentations transitionnelles, en Île-de-France.
Le travail associatif ou la création de liens collectifs et groupaux. Le cas d’associations intergénérationnelles
Authors: Potier Elwis , Cimier Amandine
Published: September 2019

Peu d’études portent sur les dynamiques associatives implantées dans des quartiers prioritaires de la politique de la ville. L’étude présentée ici, qualitative et compréhensive, mobilise des observations participantes et des entretiens semi-directifs pour comparer deux associations, une dite « culturelle » et une autre « artistique ». L’article met l’accent sur la manière dont elles tentent d’instaurer une citoyenneté intergénérationnelle au travers de la politique dans laquelle elles sont immergées et de leurs activités différenciées. Pour l’une, les phénomènes sociaux naviguent entre travail du négatif et texte public, normalisation sociale et résistance collective. Pour l’autre, il s’agit plutôt de processus créatifs de groupe, de politisation et de réalisation de l’œuvre. Toutes deux ont développé des dynamiques distinctes, plus ou moins favorables au mélange intergénérationnel et à la groupalité.
Quelle initiative citoyenne pour quelle transformation sociale ? Analyse comparative de deux démarches d’accompagnement de projets solidaires
Authors: Sillard Blandine
Published: September 2019

Partant du constat que l’initiative autonome de citoyens porteurs de projets solidaires ou écologiques constitue un nouveau mode d’engagement et de participation politique, cet article procède à une comparaison des pratiques d’accompagnement de ces dynamiques mises en œuvre par deux associations. À partir d’une analyse qualitative de leur posture, des objectifs poursuivis et des ressources mises à disposition, il fait apparaître deux approches de l’initiative citoyenne : l’une imprégnée par les logiques marchandes et managériales, qui met l’accent sur la croissance et la performance des projets, l’autre marquée par l’éducation populaire et le solidarisme, soucieuse de libérer le potentiel créatif des individus. Les rationalités qui les sous-tendent déterminent alors le modèle de société que ces associations contribuent à construire, nourrissant la réflexion quant à l’évolution des stratégies de transformation sociale.
Enhancing Calculative Commitment and Customer Loyalty Through Online Relationship Marketing
Authors: Boateng Sheena Lovia
Published: September 2019

This study examines the mediating role of online trust in enhancing calculative commitment and customer loyalty through online relationship marketing activities (engagement and interactivity). The study draws on signaling theory. Data were gathered from 429 retail bank customers in Ghana and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural path modelling. Findings suggest that engagement is assessed to be low by Ghanaian bank customers and presently has no influence on customer commitment, online trust, and customer loyalty. However, signals communicated through interactivity online is of great benefit to the banks in influencing customers' online trust, as well as their calculative commitment and loyalty. Further, though, website and email emerged as the most predominant technologies used in online relationship marketing (ORM), customers also expect banks to engage with them through social media, which has the potential to improve upon the current levels of ORM activities.
Experiments on Design of Obstacle Avoiding Robots Based on Sensors, Bluetooth, and IoT
Authors: Kumar Shirshak , Suraj  , Sandhu Sahil , Jassal Narinder Singh , Virmani Jitendra , Kriti
Published: September 2019

The mobile robotics industry is related to creating mobile robots that can move around in physical environments. Different types of mobile robot designs for obstacle avoidance have been experimented in the past based on different sensors, trajectory algorithms, etc. The chapter presents implementation details of different obstacle avoiding robots (OARs) using sensors, Bluetooth module, and IoT modules. The sensor-based obstacle-avoiding robots are designed using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino microcontrollers. Bluetooth-based obstacle-avoiding robots have been designed using Arduino mega and Bluetooth module and an Android application. IoT-based obstacle-avoiding robots can be designed in three different ways, using ethernet shield, node MCU, or Raspberry Pi. The IoT-based obstacle-avoiding robot using Raspberry Pi is the most popular mobile robot model that uses maximum on-chip modules in comparison to other designs, and also, the design can be extended by using cameras to use images for sensing the objects in order to avoid collisions.
Implementation of IoT in Healthcare
Authors: Mahajan Rashima , Gupta Pragya
Published: September 2019

The progressive research in the field of internet of things provides a platform to develop high performance and robust automated systems to control external devices via internet data transfer and cloud computing. The present emerging IoT research including user-friendly and easily-wearable sensors and signal acquisition techniques have made it possible to expand the IoT application areas towards healthcare sector. This chapter aims at providing a rationale behind development of IoT applications in healthcare, architecture details of internet of healthcare things (IoHT), and highlights a step-by-step development of IoT-based heart rate measurement and monitoring system using Arduino. The developed module has been advanced to transmit data over the internet on the ThingSpeak channel to allow remote monitoring in real time. This may help to improve/restore useful life among cardiac patients via real-time monitoring through remote locations.
IoT-Based Smart Water Treatment Plant of GIFT City
Authors: Brahmbhatt Parth Vinayak , Patel Rajan G. , Patel Nimisha
Published: September 2019

Water is a vibrant source for life, and its management and treatment are a crucial issue at the present time. A smart solution for city-level water treatment plant is gaining importance with the development in communication technology. We can avoid the issues pertaining to water management and treatment, such as distribution, quality, monitoring of overflows, pH (pouvoir hydrogène) value of water, etc., with help of information communication and technology. Based on this standard, the authors proposed a smart water treatment plant for the entire city using IoT with business processes direction and decision support systems. The suggested IoT architecture not only provides real-time monitoring for supply of pure water being transferred to the citizens but maintains the quality and purity of water supplied along with automation of motor operation, automatic valve controlling, and health monitoring of equipment. The system also delivers an alert to a remote user when there is a deviation of water quality parameters from the pre-defined set of standard values.
Understanding the Value of Gender Equity in Healthcare and How to Pursue It
Authors: Gans Emma Adriana
Published: September 2019

Female and male physicians practice medicine differently. Female physicians engage in different communication styles, allocate more time to preventative care, and show different leadership qualities. Because gender diversity is still lacking in the top academic and clinical positions, medical organizations are not fully benefiting from these strengths. This chapter will identify three barriers that prevent women from advancing to these positions: the double burden syndrome, sexism and sexual harassment, and gender bias. This chapter will take a critical look at organizational culture and propose changes that can contribute to the pursuit of gender equity.
The Gender Pay Gap in Medicine
Authors: Grossman Rebecca C.
Published: September 2019

The gender pay gap is a symptom of the pervasive inequalities inherent in modern society. Among doctors, the gap has been increasing. The Gender Pay Gap in Medicine Review is exploring the scale of the problem and the reasons behind it. Although motherhood and flexible working both contribute to the salary discrepancy, the aetiology is complex and multifactorial, with important roles played by recruitment and representation of women at senior levels, as well as gender occupational segregation. Addressing the root causes of gender inequalities and shining a light on the pay gap data are both required in order to one day close the gap.
Who Will Take Care of Me?
Authors: Honorato-Cia Cristina , De Hert Stefan , De Robertis Edoardo , Grigoras Ioana
Published: September 2019

Foreseeing the needs and availability of anaesthesiologists across Europe is a challenging task. This is influenced by different factors that include the composition of the workforce and the organization and structure of health services in every country. Some trends call for attention, such as changes in work patterns brought about by an ageing specialist population, the increasing numbers of women in anaesthesia, or cultural and societal shifts towards work-life balance. Anaesthesiology is a challenging specialty with an expanding scope of practice, requiring highly motivated professionals, frequent long work hours, and addressing stressful situations often. To ensure quality anaesthesia provision, the wellbeing of this diverse population of anaesthesiologists should be addressed. Achieving rational and flexible work hours, adequate compensation, and promotion of a workplace culture that fosters safety, motivation to learn, and equal opportunities for leadership or academia positions are challenges to be addressed to make sure that excellence in patient care is maintained.
Gender Equity Evaluated by Five Successful Women in the Medical Profession
Authors: Jorge Ana , Alves Helena , Carvalho Fátima , Ferreira Maria Amélia , Machado Maria-Ceu
Published: September 2019

The authors (five women with successful experiences in different medical specialties, researchers, academics, Hospital Service Director, Presidents of Board of Health Institutions and National Agency, Minister of Health and Director of the Medical Faculty), make a reflection about gender equity in Portugal and the impact of 45 years of democracy. The medical profession in Portugal has a high rate of women, but this is not the same in leadership positions. The role of women in the medical profession needs to be re-evaluated, especially in top positions. This chapter is divided into four sub-chapters: “The role of organizations and professional associations to improve gender equality”, “Gender equity in Academia: past, present and future”, “Gender Equity in the Medical Profession as a Management Strategy”, and “The role of gender to the networks in research and medical education”, by Fátima Carvalho and Helena Alves, Maria do Céu Machado, Ana Jorge and Maria Amélia Ferreira.
Prophylaxis in Action
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Graham Yitka N. H.
Published: September 2019

The empowerment of women as a consequence of the #MeToo initiative has undoubtedly impacted perpetrators, who are now at risk. It has also enabled an agenda for change that has visibly impacted the global workforce and placed a spotlight on the concept of authentic womanhood and the need for its protection. This is a prophylactic measure for the future, so other women who dedicate their lives to the service of others might not be subject to the violation and indignity in 21st Century workforces that has characterised generations of misogyny before them This chapter seeks to illuminate the contexts, settings, and experiences of women working at the front line of medical care and their interactions with colleagues, and is balanced by an illumination of their male counterparts and their reactions to these reported perceptions.
Playfulness and Seriousness
Authors: Shliakhovchuk Elena
Published: September 2019

Despite the early focus on the demonizing of video games, in the 1990s some researchers suggested that video games might help in developing some useful skills and might convert in a new method of learning. At the beginning of the 21st century, researchers came to the conclusions that video games are more than a source of fun, relaxation, and distraction, but they are stages for the discourse on cultural, social, and political practices and systems that foster conceptual and critical thinking on a wide variety of issues. The 21st century gamers themselves confessed that games have an impact on the way they think, the way they learn, and the way they see the world.
Stimulating Academic Optimism
Authors: Srivastava Anugamini Priya , Stelson Uta M.
Published: September 2019

This study attempts to provide the bibliography and future agenda of a school attribute: academic optimism. Academic optimism refers to a tool used in the hands of school teachers to attain student achievement which can help side-line their socio-economic status. In other words, it explains teachers' belief in self, colleagues, and students in order to manage change in student outcomes. The study evaluates the different taxonomies used within the concept of academic optimism through a comprehensive review of existing literature located in different databases. However, only English language full-text articles available in online databases between the periods of 2000-2019 were considered in this study. The result provided significant lines for future studies that can be conducted in this area by examining publications in 39 journals and 19 countries. Since the topic was considered as key school attribute to achieve student achievement and school effectiveness, this study provides the contextual gaps where future studies can be conducted. The result indicated that most of the research underlying the selected papers on the topic was conducted in developed nations rather than developing nations. The current analysis will contribute understanding in two ways: first it adds value to highlight the conceptual gap available in the literature; second, the gaps identified will pave the way for future research. Practically, this study provides ways for policy makers and other constituents involved in education to design their academic curriculum and motivate their faculty to remain academically optimistic.
Engaging Students Through Connection to Individual Experience
Authors: Dasenko Betsy
Published: September 2019

Connecting English speakers of other language (ESOL) learning to individual experiences leads to increased student competencies. Through the building of teacher/student trust and relationships by valuing individual life experiences, competencies increase. When students feel that they are valued members of the academic community, they become vested in their learning process leading to increased attendance, scores on assignments, and higher overall grades. This is accomplished by intentional professional separation. In addition, coaching students to use inclusive non-judgmental language will also help to increase competencies. The research question (Will students who have prior experience with a topic have a greater increase in competencies?) attempts to shine light on these thoughts. Students reflecting on the subject matter and attempting to make connections to topics or curriculum also increases competencies. Also, students whose individual experiences connect with the curriculum will have increased competencies.
Innovative Business Models in Tourism and Hospitality
Authors: Dias Sonia Ferreira , Afonso Victor Alves
Published: September 2019

Information and communication technologies had a significant impact throughout the tourism industry, raising a new generation of consumers who discover the potential of technology, especially mobile, to create more attractive tourist experiences. For this reason, there is a need to understand better the new tourist business models resulting from the use of the latest technologies, as an answer to these “new” consumer demands. Therefore, it will assess which business models are most efficient to the success and revenues of mobile travel applications (MTA). The tourist market progress in the last years had serious impacts from the latest technological developments. These changes impact directly the touristic business and new business models have emerged as a response to the arrival of a wide range of new technologies, mainly in the mobile area. Another important factor was the spillover effect that these changes had in the market of MTA. So, it is pressing to understand which models are more viable, why they are a success and how they generate revenues.
New Challenges for the Tourism Sector in the Algarve Region Based on Evaluation of the Circular Economy
Authors: Pego Ana
Published: September 2019

During recent years, the increase in tourism in the Algarve has shown an increase in changes in supply for consumers. This means that the tourism industry has started to change attitudes towards an ecosystem based on consumer behaviour and positive externalities. Consequently, the supply changes based on the circular economy (CE) have become one of the main issues for sustainable tourism in the Algarve. The propose is to analyse the relationship between the CE and the tourism industry based on stakeholder opinions and evaluate the tourism business model founded on a new assumption of positive externalities from the tourism sector. This chapter discusses the tourism sector and evaluation of the circular economy based on Porter's diamond model methodology. This chapter concludes that the tourism industry in the Algarve has started to show interest in changing attitudes to an efficient and smart perception of the CE. This investigation will give other sectors the opportunity to discuss the CE process based on a new supply of and innovation in products.
Social and Economic Factors of Development
Authors: Ershov Bogdan , Muhina Natalia , Asmarov Igor
Published: September 2019

Russian statehood has more than a thousand-year history and traditions. It is obvious that the social, economic, and political development of the country had its direct or indirect influence on the Russian state and statehood itself. Therefore, in this chapter we separately single out the social factors of the development of Russian statehood and the economic factors of the development of Russian statehood, which stand apart from each other. Social factors in the development of Russian statehood are factors in the development of society as a single and complex organism and its social institutions. Social factors are, in essence, domestic political, because they represent the political and spiritual state of the elite and the people, the established system of social relations, internal social contradictions, and social conflicts. The economic factors of the development of Russian statehood are divided into external and internal ones. External economic factors are the proximity or remoteness from the trade routes, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the country's exports and imports. Internal economic factors are the achieved material state of society, the availability of natural resources and their involvement in the economy, the availability of transport and production infrastructure and its development, and economic crises.
Socio-Economic Situation in Russia in the 19th-Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Ershov Bogdan
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses the processes of capitalization of Russia in the 19th century. It is shown that during the period of imperialism, quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the composition and position of the Russian bourgeoisie. The economic face of the Russian bourgeoisie, as well as the bourgeoisie of other developed capitalist countries, revealed the most advanced forms of capital organization. But the structure of the upper strata of the Russian bourgeoisie was different from the Western European segment. Before the First World War, two types of Russian capitalists were distinguished, both in origin and in the form of exploitation and organization of capital. During the period of imperialism, Moscow gradually became monopolistic. The Moscow capitalist elite has not yet become a financial oligarchy, it has not created large corporations, and financial and industrial groups.
Knowledge Management Infrastructure for the Success of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Razzaque Anjum
Published: September 2019

Research emphasizes the barriers in adopting and interoperating of electronic health records (EHRs) as an important research gap needs addressed: limited adaptability negatively affects medical decisions. Though practitioners who use EHR must deal with information overload, they continue to complain that EHR is underutilized. No wonder medical errors and healthcare (HC) costs are rising. Also, there is scant literature evidence on how knowledge management (KM) systems are applied for enhancing the adoptability and interoperability of EHR. On the contrary, researchers focus on adapting electronic patient record (EPR) within KM. HC KM is a very important tool to facilitate interoperability and adaptability of EHR. Its advantages have been proven in other areas. This chapter proposes a solution - a conceptual HC KM infrastructure for EHR interoperability and adaptability. This solution reduces EHR adaptability barriers by improving interoperability and enhancing user interaction using KM tools within an e-health environment.
Collaborative Innovation Aids Medical Decisions in Virtual Communities
Authors: Razzaque Anjum
Published: September 2019

Some Healthcare (HC) initiatives like electronic health record were promising but due to adaptability and interoperability concern proved a failure. On the other hand, HC initiatives like social networking were reported facilitators of patient care through innovative decision making (DM) in Virtual Communities (VCs). Research needs to assess the relationship between innovation and DM; hence this chapter is the first literature review attempt assessing the relations between social capital, innovation, and DM in virtual environments.
How Green Is the Green Banking Investment in Bangladesh?
Authors: Ullah Md Hafij , Mia Parvez
Published: September 2019

The banking sector plays a critical role in economic development while its activities are also equally responsible for social and environmental damage such as violation of human rights, loss of biodiversity, and climate change in Bangladesh. A careful examination of investing and financing activities disclosed in annual reports of 35 selected banks suggest that, while banks are taking several in-house and external green initiatives, many of them are also actively investing and funding projects like shipbreaking that threaten environmental sustainability and are prone to human rights violation. This chapter urges the government, policymakers, and central bank in developing policies and regulating banks; stakeholders in understanding banks' commitment and actions to safeguard the environment and human rights; and managers in measuring, reporting, and mitigating the social and environmental impact through their current and future lending policies.
Sustainable Development
Authors: Noori Msser Ismail
Published: September 2019

The issue of development is an urgent question facing future challenges and is recognized along with the efforts made to promote qualitative changes, aiming at the adaptation, activation, organization, and optimum use of efforts, capacities, and available potentials. So much is said about development, its characteristics, and related considerations. However, main features remain to show in this contest. These include objective participation of society, the endeavor towards adapting the features of advanced societies, together with observing social, economical, and environmental specifications, and the changes which aim to fulfill essential needs, together with observing issues emanating from social changes.
Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Contexts of Remittances
Authors: Přívara Andrej
Published: September 2019

Global remittances flow has been rising considerably over the last decade. Their share in the GDP in some (especially developing) countries reaches several percent. That is why their impact on a migrant's country of origin has become a subject of debate in the scientific community. This chapter provides a synthesis of views that have crystallized as part of an ongoing academic debate on remittance determinants and their impact on recipient countries. The author aims to analyze the fundamental scientific opinions published on this topic and to outline possible directions for future research on migrant remittances. The chapter analyzes individual determinants as well as remittance effects on two levels: microeconomic and macroeconomic ones. The analysis concludes that remittances are an important source of external financing for the economies of developing countries. Nonetheless, they cannot be considered as a panacea for economic backwardness.
The Influence of Population Migration and Settlement on Social and Economic Effectiveness of Russia's Northern Regions
Authors: Samarina Vera P. , Skufina Tatiana P. , Samarin Aleksandr
Published: September 2019

The features of population settlement in the North of Russia have been highlighted in the article. The interest and necessity of such research can be explained by the determining role of the North for Russia's national economy, escalation of various socioeconomic problems in the related region and progressing depopulation of these underpopulated areas. The article reveals the major contradictions in the development of Russia's northern territories at the present stage. This problem has been studied from two viewpoints. First, on the basis of the authors' own methodology, the demographic indicators of Russia's northern territories were compared with the average ones within the Russian Federation. Second, we have made an attempt to assess how special the management of these northern territories is in comparison with other Russian regions. According to the results of our research, directions in migration and population resettlement management have been proposed. These directions will contribute to ensuring higher social and economic efficiency of Russia's northern regions.
Creative Clusters of Urbanized Cities as a Factor for Increasing Global Economic Efficiency
Authors: Podolskaya Tatiana , Baranov Aleksey , Tomashevskaya Ludmila
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the authors analyze theoretical approaches to definition and classification of creative clusters, including used by the international economic organizations. The role and influence of creative economy for modern development of the urbanized cities is shown. In the chapter, the production factor which is the basis for the creation of added value in a creative economy is designated. The authors show the influences of the creative industries on the development of the world economy by using relevant analytical materials and statistical data. Such mechanisms of change of the urbanized cities' public spaces as placemaking and redevelopment are described. The comparative analysis of a creative economy's key indicators of the world capitals – leaders in development of the creative environment in dynamics is carried out. The analysis is based on the data of the Global Creativity Index and the interrelation of creativity level with urban saturation and competitiveness of the countries and cities.
Strategic Partnerships for Pre-K-12 Journalism Education
Authors: Kamine Darlene , Stewart Robert
Published: September 2019

A deep and innovative partnership is being co-created between the Ohio University Scripps Schools of Journalism and its alumni in the Cincinnati area with the Community Learning Center Institute, and the teachers, partners, and students at the Oyler Community Learning Center. This chapter will provide insight and practical lessons for the engagement process and infrastructure that is necessary for the development and sustainability of genuine, lasting, and transformative university–school partnerships.
Community Schools as a Vehicle for Social Justice and Equity
Authors: Medina Monica A. , Murtadha Khaula H. , Grim Jim
Published: September 2019

A deficit narrative of academic success in low-performing schools is articulated in cultural norms set by those who fail to understand how poverty and racial inequality manifests through daily interactions, beliefs, and biases. Work to address race and poverty are emotional, complicated, and challenging because the concepts are avoided, minimized, or disputed by a dominant narrative and privileged cultures that oppress students of color. This chapter is not about a study of race or poverty nor does it seek to forward understanding of how race and class intersect. Instead, it focuses on the ways a university has promoted social justice and equity in the development of community schools. This work encompasses: the influence of change through advocacy and policy, issues of school culture and climate, and shared leadership. It recognizes emerging perceptions impacting health, violence, and food security that cause socio/emotional issues not considered when critically addressing issues of race and poverty. Therefore, community schools are a vehicle for social justice and equity.
Breaking out of the Ivory Tower
Authors: Gordon Kristina Coop
Published: September 2019

This chapter outlines the author's process of moving from conducting laboratory research to community-based participatory research and her perspectives on the academic cultural barriers to making this shift. She also describes themes across her studies that are characteristic of successful projects and offers suggestions for future directions for clinical psychology that could increase academics' involvement in engaged research. The author also describes some important lessons from these experiences, such as (1) creative collaborations with interdisciplinary partners can lead to meaningful work outside of disciplinary and funding restrictions; (2) community partnerships can be “messy” to conduct, but the payoff in external validity is worth it; and (3) engaged scholarship requires a high level of investment and trust by both researchers and the community partners. However, despite the difficulties in establishing these connections and navigating differing agency structures, the final products can have a much larger impact and reward than carefully-controlled laboratory studies.
School Choice and the Privatization of Education
Authors: Ellenburg Kelly S.
Published: September 2019

Today's “school choice” movement is among a growing and extensive series of legislative and bureaucratic processes that, while purporting to further a social good, would ultimately exacerbate student achievement and opportunity disparities. This chapter examines the forces driving the school choice movement, suggesting it is a continuation of a decades-long privatization effort fueled largely by market interests. These interests stand to gain economic and political power while low-income families and communities suffer the greatest losses from a diminished public education system. The chapter examines how the school choice movement manages the conversion of public tax dollars to private entities, identifies many of the organizations and institutions driving the effort, and asserts the need for public education supporters to join forces with teacher unions, citizen action organizations, and universities to curb the process and appropriately address barriers to student achievement and opportunity. Strategies including university-assisted community schools are presented.
Impacting Rural Middle Schools Through School-University Partnerships
Authors: Berryhil M. Blake , Morgan Holly G. , Wilson Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Effective family-school partnerships can enhance family-school involvement, and increase school and student outcomes. In low-resourced rural areas, many challenges hinder the development of such collaborative relationships, including expansive geographic distances between families and schools and the multiple roles that teachers and administrators assume. School-University partnerships can potentially help meet these challenges. This chapter describes a School-University partnership program, the Middle School Parent-Teacher Leadership Academy (MPTLA). MPTLA equips rural middle school parents and teachers to impact school and student outcomes. The chapter highlights the need for school-university partnerships in rural areas, discusses the uniqueness of the middle school context, explains the structure of the MPTLA and the partnership team model, provides two examples of the MPTLA partnership model in action, and recommends universities implement similar programs.
Community Schools
Authors: Kronick Robert F.
Published: September 2019

This closing chapter is about community schools from both local and national perspectives. This chapter adheres to the Penn Concepts that the most important work of Universities is the solving of social problems, and that universities should deal with the universal problems of local communities. The concept of community schools based on Kronick's model of systems theory, collaboration, and prevention is presented. The importance of theory and practice is discussed using the Chicago School of Sociology as an exemplar of the contributions of George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, William I. Thomas, Everett Hughes, and Erving Goffman. These scholars opened the doors to engaged research and set a path that Kronick has followed since 1971.