bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcome of Adherent Placenta: An Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Wajid Rabia , Bashir Saira , Hanif Asif
Published: August 2017

Objective:  The objective of this study was to see treatment outcome of morbidly adherent Placenta.

Methodology:  This descriptive case series was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynae Unit-2 Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore from January 2013 to December 2014. In this period 127 females between 20 to 45 years with any parity were enrolled in this study. All the patients were diagnosed for Placenta Accreta, Increta and Percreta by color flow Doppler. Operative delivery was carried out in all. Cesarean Hysterectomy with or without Placental separation, conservative measures (uterine artery ligation, tamponade and hemostatic sutures) and Internal iliac ligation were used. The outcome measures recorded were total blood loss, neonatal birth weight, mean gestational age at delivery, neonatal Apgar score, intra and postoperative complications and maternal mortality. Non-probability, sampling technique was used. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

 

Results:  The mean age of subjects in this study was 26.77 ± 3.17 years. Gestational age at diagnosis and at surgery was 34.83 ± 1.94 weeks and 36.19 ± 1.557 weeks respectively. According to previous history of cesarean section, 60 (47.3%) had 1 previous C-section, 38 (29.9%) had 2 previous C-section and rest of 29 (22.9%) had ≥ 3 C-section. The diagnosis was made on Doppler Ultrasonography (USG) and the patients had surgery under emergency as well as elective conditions. We found that 96 (75.5%) females had Accreta, 27 (21.26%) had Increta and only 4 (3.15%) females had Percreta. Placental separation was done in 63 (49.6%) followed by Cesarean Hysterectomy were done in 36 (57%), and conservative measures like tamponade, haemostatic sutures in Placental bed and Uterine artery ligation in the rest i.e. 27 (43%). Non-separation of Placenta followed by direct Cesarean Hysterectomy was done in 64 (50.3%), and Internal iliac ligation was done in 30 (23%). During surgery the average blood loss was 2.97 ± 1.36 L. According to neonatal outcome Apgar score at 5 minutes was 5.69 ± 1.446 and weight of new baby was 2.85±0.30 kg. According to final outcome 83 (65.35%) females were successfully discharged, 29 (22.83%) had bladder rupture occurred in 29 (22.83%) while maternal mortality occurred in 15 (11.81%) only.

Conclusion:  An increasing number of patients with morbidly adherent Placenta is coming up along with the rising incidence of C-Section. The key to the management of this condition is prompt diagnosis and referral to well-equipped hospitals having multidisciplinary input. Conservative measures with uterine sparing are worth trying in selected cases.
Effect of Quinolones on Serum Testosterone Level in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Iqbal Rubina , Iqbal Saud , Anjum Shahzad
Published: August 2017

Objective:  To determine the toxic effects of quinolones on serum testosterone level in male albino rats.

Methods:  Eighty male albino rats were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups each group having 20 albino rats. These groups were further subdivided into A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2 having 10 albino rats each. Ciprofloxcin, ofloxacin and enoxacin dissolved in distilled water were given at 135mg/kg/ day, 72mg/kg/day and 12.5mg/kg/day to groups A, B and C respectively for 12 weeks. Only distilled water was given to group D which was control group for the same time period. Blood samples were drawn for testosterone hormone level estimation at 0, 14th, 28th and 42nd day in subgroups Al, B1, Cl and D1 and then the animals in said groups were sacrificed on 42nd day to identify testicular morphological changes. Rats in subgroup A2, B2, C2 and D2 were kept alive till 84th day after stopping drugs at 42 days to find out if there is any change in levels of testosterone after discontinuation of the treatment. Blood samples for testosterone hormone estimation were taken at 0, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th day from subgroups A2, B2, C2 and D2. Testosterone hormone estimation assay was performed on the collected samples.

Results:  Testosterone assay showed significant decrease in serum testosterone levels in all experimental groups, when compared with control group. These levels did not return back to normal even after withdrawal of drugs. This study suggests a gonadotoxic potential of quinolones.

Conclusion:  Quinolones reduce serum testosterone levels and should be used carefully for long term therapy.
Association of Hyponatremia and Encephalopathy in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Memon Muhammad Akbar , Memom Nadeem , Qadir Abdul , Dal Abdul Salam
Published: August 2017

Objective:  To determine the association of hyponatremia in chronic liver disease patients with presentation of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) at Isra university Hospital Hyderabad.

Methods:  This study was cross sectional and carried out at medicine and gastroenterology department of Isra university Hospital Hyderabad and MMC Mirpurkhas. Study duration was from September 2015 to March 2016. All the cases with age more than 25 years, both genders after diagnosis of chronic liver disease with sign and symptoms of Hepatic Encephalopathy were selected in this study. Blood sample for serum sodium level, was send to diagnostic laboratory of the hospital. Hyponatremia was classified as: 130–135 mEqL (mild), 125–130 mEq/L (moderate) and < 125 mEq/L (severe). Hepatic encephalopathy was categorized according to the West Haven classification (4 grades).

 

Results:  Total number of cases was 80. Mean age was 48 + 8.5 years. 55 (68.5%) patients were male. Majority of cases, 55 (68.5%) patients were infected with HCV. 40% patients had normal level of sodium, 25% had mild, 20% had moderate while 15% patients had severe hyponatremia. On the grading of encephalopathy, 30 (37.5%) patients had grade 1 encephalopathy while 25/(31.2%) patients had grade 2, 15/(18.8%) had grade 3 while 10 (12.5%) patients hade grade 4. The serum sodium levels significantly decreased with increasing severity of hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:  We concluded that the hyponatremia is significantly linked with Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) in patients having chronic liver disease (CLD).
Long Working Hours and Short Sleep Associated with Obesity among Professional Drivers and Conductors
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Altaf Saima
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Background:  The issues of long working hours and short sleep among professional drivers are increasing worldwide, making it necessary to study their health hazards. Obesity among professional drivers and conductors is becoming an equally challenge now a days. In the present study, we investigated the association between long working hours and short sleep with body mass index (BMI) among male drivers and conductors in the city of Multan, Pakistan.Methods:  The cross-sectional sample of 345 participants (197 drivers and 148 conductors) was taken using a convenient sampling technique with the help of a self-administered questionnaire. From the participants, the data were collected about their daily work-ing hours, sleeping hours and working period. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) of each participant were taken to calculate BMI. Along with descriptive statistics and percentages, Chi-square test was used to examine the association in the full sample and stratified by study participants (i.e. drivers and conductors).Results:  The mean (± standard deviation: SD) of age, BMI, daily working and sleeping hours of all the participants were32.98 ± 11.17 years, 24.35 ± 4.65 Kg/m2, 9.32 ± 3.49 hours and 7.79 ± 1.69 hours, respectively. There were statistically significant association between the short sleep and long working hours with obesity (χ2 = 17.37, p-value < 0.01 and χ2 = 14.43, p-value 0.01, respectively).Conclusion:  The present study concludes that both short sleep and long working hours are significantly associated with obesity among professional drivers and conductors.
Frequency and Outcomes of Anastomotic Leak in Gastrointestinal Surgery at Public Sector Hospital
Authors: Memon Gulshan Ali , Rehman Habib Ur , Ali Shah Syed Kashif , Sahito Rafiq Ahmed , Leghari Shahnawaz , Baloch Shahida
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjective:  The objective of this study was to find out frequency of anastomotic leak at a hospital and deplore the morbidities, duration of hospital stay.Methods:  A total of 102 patients of both genders from 18 – 60 years in age underwent for bowel resection and anastomosis through laparotomy incision at surgical unit one of People’s University of Medical & Health Sciences, Nawabshah, from January 2013 to December 2016 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Every patient received appropriate antibiotics for duration according to need post-operatively. Follow-up was every fortnightly for four months to evaluate the primary outcome as prevalence of leak and secondary outcome as morbidities, length of hospital stay incisional hernia and mortality.Results:  The results showed that, out of 102 patients underwent open primary hand sewn gastro intestinal anastomosis, 16 (15.68%) were found with anastomotic leak. Among these 16 patients having anatomic leak, 11 (11%) were male & 5 (5%) were female. While, mortality occurred in 05 (5%%) patients.Conclusions:  Anastomotic leak following gastrointestinal anastomosis is less complication in this study. Further studies are requested with large data and more follow-ups to ensure the findings of this study at national level.
Expression of p63 Protein to Differentiate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Carcinoma of Prostate in Pakistani Population
Authors: Nisar Bushra , Sarwar Naureen , Sharif Sadia , Hameed Asim , Naz Shazia
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:  Prostate cancer is the world’s foremost and second cause of cancer associated death typically in males after lung cancer. Histopathological diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma can be challenging. The expression of p63 can be used in diagnosis and differentiation of benign pro-static hyperplasia from carcinoma of prostate.Materials and Methods:  We studied sixty prostatic biopsies obtained by TURP and radical prostatectomy. For each case, clinical data was collected. The tissue sections were then diagnosed on basis of routine hematoxylin and eosin. Then immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed on routinely processed, forma-lin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue.  We also analyzed P63 expression in regions of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, detailed examination of tissue sections was observed with light microscopy.Results:  Mean age of patients with adenocarcinoma was 70 ± 12 years however mean age in prostate hyperplasia cases was 66 ± 8 years. With the use of Receiver Operative Characteristic Curve (ROC), the optimal cut point found of PSA was 30.0ng/ml. The results showed that prostate specific antigen (PSA) at this cutoff had a sensitivity of 71.4%, with specificity of 74.4% and accuracy of 73.3%. So PSA could not be considered reliable independently for the diagnosis of carcinoma of prostate. Benign cases in the present study were exclusively positive for immunohistoche-mical expression of p63 while all the cases of prostatic carcinomas expressed negative pattern of staining.Conclusion:   Immunostaining with p63 is useful to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from pro-static carcinoma, so it may be used as valuable tool in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
Dietary Options in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Kamran Hafsa , Ahmad Zaheer , Aslam Maria , Jabeen Shaista
Published: August 2017

Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome is the hormonal imbalance that is by and large considered to affect more or less 10% of the female population. PCOs is more common in obese and overweight women, which further increases androgen secretion causing impaired metabolism and reproductive functions. Women with PC-OS are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, hypertension and type II diabetes Mellitus. Weight reduction is difficult to achieve in obese women with PCOS than normal individuals. So a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program including individualized diet with moderate energy restriction based on basic healthy eating principles, at least 30 minutes moderate physical activity 3-5 days a week and behavior modification approach is required. Hypocaloric diets along with modification of carbohydrates have found to be effective. Selection of foods among low glycemic load (GL) and high fiber foods and replacing fats with polyunsaturated fats may be a helpful strategy in PCOS patients.
Perception of parents, teachers, and nutritionist on childhood obesity and barriers to healthy behavior: a phenomenological study
Authors: Suiraoka I Putu , Duarsa Dyah Pradnya Paramitha , Wirawan I Dewa Nyoman , Bakta I Made
Published: August 2017

The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity is progressing at an alarming rate. Obesity in childhood at high risk of becoming obese in adulthood and potentially experience metabolic disease and degenerative disease in the future. Obesity is not just an individual problem. It is a population problem and should be tackled as such. Various factors causing obesity in children include children's diet, level of physical activity, family factors, child psychological and genetic factors. This paper attempts to explore the problem more closely by conducting a qualitative study, the main objective of which is to determine barriers to a healthy lifestyle and variables that underlie overweight/obesity in children from their parents perspective. This research is a qualitative research with the phenomenological method. A total of 3 focus group discussions and 7 in-depth interviews were conducted, between July and October 2016, to explore parent’s, teacher’s, and nutritionist perceptions about underlying factors of their overweight/obesity and barriers to a healthy behavior.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF A QUINAPRIL HCL BY DIRECT COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mali Audumbar Digambar , Bathe Ritesh Suresh
Published: August 2017

Objective: The present study was undertaken with an objective to design, develop and evaluate gastro retentive floating tablets of an antihypertensive drug, quinapril HCl, which release the drug in a sustained manner over a period of 12 h.Methods: In this research work, we used hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), the gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid at different ratios for the preparation of tablets. A 32 factorial design was applied systematically; the amount of HPMC K4M (X1) and the amount of citric acid (X2) were selected as independent variables. The dependent variables chosen were percentage drug release at 6 h (Q6), percentage drug release at 12 h (Q12) and floating lag time. The high concentration of HPMC K4M and citric acid gives a sustained release for quinapril HCl floating tablets. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique and evaluated for tablet thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, floating lag time and In vitro drug release.Results: The In vitro drug release indicated the floating dosage forms showed slower release when the concentration of HPMC K4M increases. Formulation F4 having ratio 25:8 (HPMC K4M: citric acid) was considered as an optimised formulation which shows satisfactory sustained drug release and remained buoyant on the surface of the medium for more than 12 h. It can also conclude that floating drug delivery system of quinapril HCl can be successfully formulated as an approach to increase gastric residence time and thereby improving its bioavailability.Conclusion: The developed effervescent based floating tablets are a promising floating drug delivery system for oral sustained administration of quinapril HCl.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF LEAF AND STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF POLYALTHIA FRAGRANS (DALZ.) BEDD.–AN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF WESTERN GHATS
Authors: K. Arunkumar , Chandrashekar K. R.
Published: August 2017

Objective: Phytochemical constituents of various solvent extracts of leaf and stem bark of Polyalthia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd were screened. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated.Methods: Crude extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous of leaf and stem bark were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method and antioxidant activity by DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and reducing power assay. Quantitative analysis of total phenolics was done by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and total flavonoids by aluminum chloride method.Results: The study revealed the presence of several physiologically active phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. The highest antibacterial activity of methanol extract of the leaf was observed against Bacillus subtilis with 14.33±0.57 mm inhibition zone and water extract of stem bark against Proteus vulgaris with 17.67±1.52 mm inhibition zone among other extracts. The lowest activity of leaf methanol and leaf water extract was observed against Bacillus subtilis. The IC50 values of 58.18±2.04 µg/ml, 116.58±2.43 µg/ml, 134.78±3.64 µg/ml and 387.28±2.9 µg/ml for DPPH activity were observed in methanol stem bark, ethyl acetate stem bark, methanol leaf and ethyl acetate leaf extracts respectively. The reducing power of extracts was very potent which increased with increasing concentrations of the sample.Conclusion: The results indicate that phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins may be responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The results suggest that P. fragrans can be further researched to be used as a natural source of a potent drug by mankind.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BULB ELEUTHERINE AMERICANA MERR ON FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION RATS
Authors: Hasimun Patonah , Zakaria Hasballah , Susilawati Elis , Wardiono Jeany Dwiyulia
Published: August 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate ethanolic extract of bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr as antihypertensive.Methods: This study examined the effect of ethanol extract of bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr on urine volume, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) profile. Diuretic activity was evaluated by the Lipschitz method. Furosemide (3.6 mg/kg) used as standard drug. Animal rats model of hypertension were induced by fructose 66% in the diet for 21 d. Captopril (2.5 mg/kg) used as standard antihypertension. Parameters measured were urine volume for 24 h, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and electrocardiogram profile.Results: High fructose diet for 21 d reduced R-R, P-R interval of the electrocardiogram, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared to normal group statistically significant (p<0.05). Animals received an ethanolic extract of the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr doses of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg showed lowered systolic and lowered diastolic blood pressure (except for a dose of 100 mg/kg). Dose of 25, 50 mg/kg lowered systolic blood pressure was comparable to captopril 2.5 mg/kg (p>0.05). The group received a dose of 100 mg/kg showed diuretic activity comparable to furosemide 3.6 mg/kg (p>0.05). The group received a dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, showed improved on R-R, P-R interval of the electrocardiogram, and heart rate.Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of bulb Eleutherine americana Merr play important role in regulating blood pressure, increased urine volume and improved electrocardiogram profile.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF 2-BROMO-1-(THIETAN-3-YL) IMIDAZOLE-4, 5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: Khaliullin Ferkat , Nikitina Irina , Nikitina Irina , Valieva Anfisa , Valieva Anfisa , Miftakhova Albina , Miftakhova Albina , Khalilov Leonard , Mescheryakova Ekaterina , Khalilov Leonard
Published: August 2017

Objective: Synthesis of the salts and diylidenehydrazidеs of 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid to evaluate the antidepressant activities.Methods: The structures of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and 1Н NMR spectral data. The melting points of the compounds were determined on a Stuart SMP30 apparatus. The X-ray diffraction data for compound IIc were obtained at room temperature on a Xcalibur Gemini Еos. The antidepressant activity was investigated in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. The locomotor activity and anxiety were studied in the open field test.Results: All synthesised compounds showed antidepressant activity after single intraperitoneal injection to male mice at doses equimolar to 10 mg/kg of imipramine. One of the compounds, 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid di[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methylidenehydrazide], reduced the anxiety and decreased the locomotor activity at statistically significant levels. Other compounds did not have sedative and/or stimulating effects.Conclusion: Among the synthesised 2-bromo-1-(thietan-3-yl) imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, compounds with marked antidepressant activity were identified. An obvious advantage of these products is low toxicity.
ETHANOL-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN CARDIAC ENZYMES–AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF THESPESIA POPULNEA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Rajbanshi Sangeetha L. A. , Paranjape Archana N. , Appanna Vasu
Published: August 2017

Objective: This study covers the estimation of changes in cardiac enzymes such as ATPases and antioxidant enzymes following ethanol-administration in rats, and the possible ameliorative effect of leaf extract of the plant Thespesia populnea (TP) on these changes.Methods: Male adult Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups of six rats each. Vehicle controls received 5% gum acacia. Experimental groups received ethanol (20%, 2g/kg); or TP leaf extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively); or vitamin E (25 mg/kg); or carvedilol (1 mg/kg) per orally every morning for 6 w, individually as well as in combination with ethanol. Following this, changes in the activities of Na+ ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in the heart tissue and compared with those in vehicle control.Results: Ethanol (20%, 2g/kg) treatment caused a reduction from the vehicle control in activities of all the examined enzymes, with minimal reduction in Mg2+ ATPase activity (29.26%) and maximal reduction in CAT activity (71.05%). With TP leaf extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, vitamin E and carvedilol individually, the vehicle controls showed percent changes in enzyme activities ranging from ‒8.24% for Mg2+ ATPase activity to+109.39% for Na+ ATPase activity caused by carvedilol. When administered along with ethanol, TP leaf extracts, vitamin E and carvedilol reversed the effect of ethanol to various degrees and brought back the enzyme activities to near vehicle control levels. While recovery with 200 mg Thespesia leaf extract was less, ranging from 24.1% for Mg2+ATPase activity to 190.91% for CAT activity, 400 mg Thespesia extract effected a greater recovery, with a minimum of 48.19% for Mg2+ ATPase activity and a maximum of 222.73% for CAT activity, as compared with ethanol-treated rats as controls. These effects could be interpreted in terms of the adverse effects of ethanol on cardiac function and the ameliorative effects, primarily the antioxidant potential, of TP leaf extracts, vitamin E and carvedilol.Conclusion: The restoration of enzyme activities with TP leaf extract may promote recovery of cardiac tissue from oxidative damage. Results from the current study indicate that treatment with TP leaf extract reduces ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat heart and hence may help prevent cardiac damage.
MESOIONIC SYDNONE: A REVIEW IN THEIR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Abdualkader Abdualrahman Mohammed , Taher Muhammad , Yusoff Nik Idris Nik
Published: August 2017

Various literature sources have documented sydnones as important molecules with exclusive chemical properties and a wide spectrum of bioactivities. Sydnone can be defined as a five-membered pseudo-aromatic heterocyclic molecule. Classically, 1,2,3-oxadiazole forms the main skeleton of sydnone. The molecule has delocalized balanced positive and negative charges. The five annular atoms share the positive charge and the enolate-like exocyclic oxygen atom bears the negative charge. The hydrogen atom at the position C4 was proved to have acidic and nucleophilic functionalities making the sydnone ring reactive towards electrophilic reagents. These unique chemical features enable sydnones to interact with biomolecules resulting in important therapeutic effects like anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Consequently, we aim from the current article to review the available chemical and pharmacological information on sydnone and its derivatives.
ALPHA AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACT OF BARK OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK (L.) BENTH
Authors: Jaiswal Priyanka , Kumar Padma
Published: August 2017

Objective: To evaluate the alpha amylase inhibitory activity of different extract of bark of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.Methods: Bark of A. lebbeck was collected and air dried. Extraction of flavonoid, alkaloid and steroid carried out using standard methods. Extracts in different polar and non polar solvents were extracted using soxhlet method. Filtered extracts were subsequently tested for alpha amylase inhibitory activity using the chromogenic dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method and starch iodine method. Experiments were performed in triplicates for three different sets and mean±standard error of the mean was used for calculation. Graphpad prism 5 software was used for one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression and statistical difference analysis. IC50 values were also calculated.Results: We found that the free flavonoid extract had higher 43.50±0.17% to 73.43±0.08% inhibition (at a concentration 0.5-1.5 mg/ml) with an IC50 value of 0.6653 mg/ml. At the same concentration methanol, water and bound flavonoid extracts also showed good inhibitory activity i.e. 28.63±0.15% to 37.50±0.20%, 26.67±0.12% to 32.07±0.17% and 26.70±0.15 to 32.67±0.12% with an IC50 value of 7.3621 mg/ml, 22.2844 mg/ml and 41.6869 mg/ml respectively.Conclusion: The prepared free flavonoid, bound flavonoid, water and methanol bark extracts of Albizia lebbeck showed the significant alpha amylase inhibitory activity. Further works is required to identify the bioactive compound responsible for inhibition of alpha amylse enzyme.
SYNERGISTIC CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF STATINS AND BISPHOSPHONATES ON SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA CELL LINE
Authors: Abd-el-fattah Dina Sabry , Ellithy Marwa Mohammed , Aly Riham Mohammed
Published: August 2017

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro cytotoxic effect of simvastatin (sv) and alendronate (aln) on squamous cell carcinoma cell line (Hep-2 cells).Methods: Hep-2 cells were divided into four groups; Control group where cells were cultured in the routine culture medium. Alendronate Group (A) consisting of cells cultured in aln in its IC 50. Simvastatin Group(S) cultured in sv in its IC 50. And finally, a combined group (A+S) comprising cells cultured in combined IC 50 dose of sv and aln. To assess the effect of these drugs on Hep-2 cells, cell viability was measured in addition to measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by Elisa.Results: In all groups, a decrease in the mean viability percentages of the treated Hep-2 cells in relation to control cells was observed in all groups. The combination of both agents exhibited a significant (P-values ˂0.05) synergistic effect on decreasing cell viability and angiogenesis of Hep-2 cells in vitro. VEGF measures in all groups were significantly lower than the control group (P-values ˂ 0.05). The combination of both drugs at their IC 50 doses can lower the VEGF production by Hep-2 cancer cells (P-values ˂ 0.05).Conclusion: A combination of sv and aln in their Ic50 doses has a dramatic effect on lowering the proliferation and VEGF expression in Hep-2 cancer cells cultured in vitro.
A STUDY ON EFFECT OF INDOLE AS A SUBSTITUENT ON A KETO-ENOL TAUTOMER: A SYNTHETIC APPROACH ON β-DIKETONE
Authors: L. Krishnakumar K. , Ukken Mathew Paul , R. Manju
Published: August 2017

Objective: The existence of keto-enol tautomerism in β-diketones can typically study by a choice of analytical technique. The position of the keto-enol equilibrium depends on a number of factors like solvent, temperature, and substituents. Here an attempt was made to examine the effect of indole, a heterocyclic moiety with the moderately high polar surface area to examine its effect on ketonisation of β-diketone.Methods: The β-diketone studied and synthesized is a structural analog of magical drug curcumin. The structural influence of indole on ketonisation of β-diketone is studied to give a hypothesis on factors contributing towards ketonisation. This work involves the synthesis of 6-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-hex-5ene-2, 4-dione and the study on the single crystal structure of indole-3-carboxaldehyde, major functional component to result in the reaction. The tautomer was studied for its ability to bind with tetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme using Discovery Studio 3.5 version to differentiate the pharmacological significance of conformations.Results: The single crystal XRD structure of this compound was deposited in Cambridge crystallographic data center bearing CCDC No.1536311. The structural characterization of synthesized ligand was carried out by using IR, Mass, 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The docking study reveals that keto isomer found to exhibit more inhibition of the enzyme tetrahydrofolate reductase hence more pharmacologically active.Conclusion: The experimental evidence proves that indole substitution shifted the keto-enol equilibrium towards keto form of 6-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-hex-5ene-2, 4-dione.
CADEIRA DE RODAS E PRÓTESES: Molduras do corpo mutilado na pintura.
Authors: Santos Adriana Maria dos
Published: August 2017

CADEIRA DE RODAS E PRÓTESES: Molduras do corpo mutilado na pintura.
El papel de los comités Pro-Estado en la creación del estado de Baja California
Authors: Taylor Hansen Lawrence Douglas
Published: August 2017

El artículo trata del papel de los Comités Pro-Estado en la formación de Baja California como estado. Se analizan las raíces de la autonomía política en la península, que se remontan al Porfiriato, así como el impacto de la Revolución Mexicana sobre este proceso. Se examinan los diversos movimientos pro- estado que surgieron de 1929 en adelante la composición de sus grupos de integrantes, sus objetivos y contribuciones principales en términos de dirigir el sentimiento popular hacia la realización de esta meta.
Especialización industrial y desencadenamientos regonales en Nayarit
Authors: Mungaray Alejandro , Machain Ibarra Gloria , Medina Eliseo
Published: August 2017

Con base en el análisis de la especialización industrial de Nayarit en el sector de alimentos, bebidas y tabaco; de la concentración económica regional de la especialización por áreas; y del nivel de encadenamientos realizado por las empresas ubicadas en la ciudad industrial de Tepic, se muestra que la abundancia de ventajas naturales y de capital no son suficientes para construir ventajas competitivas, ni aprendizajes empresariales significativos, cuando el mercado local está contraído y la actividad económica depende de otras dinámicas la información disponible es imperfecta y la alta concentración espacial de la especialización industrial, causas que inhiben todas juntas los encadenamientos productivos y no hay compensaciones institucionales adecuadas.
La política urbana de agua potable en México: del centralismo y los subsidios a la municipalización, la autosuficiencia y la privatización
Authors: Pineda Pablos Nicolás
Published: August 2017

Este artículo presenta la evolución institucional y legal del servicio urbano de agua potable en México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Además de ofrecer un breve esquema de análisis de la política pública, en la parte principal se proponen tres etapas esenciales por la que ha pasado esta política. Dichas etapas se basan en el tipo de arreglo institucional que caracterizó a la prestación del servicio de agua potable en cada periodo. La primera es la etapa centralista de las juntas federales de agua, prevaleciente de 1948 a 1983; después viene la etapa de la municipalización, iniciada en 1983 en que el servicio se asigna a los gobiernos locales y, en tercer lugar, está la promoción de organismos operadores autónomos y manejados como empresas, iniciada por la Comisión Nacional del Agua a partir de 1989. Al final, se revisan las vicisitudes del impulso a la participación del sector privado en el servicio urbano de agua y el trastorno que éste tuvo ante la crisis económica de 1995.
Vecinos, indios, vagos y sirvientes: avatares de la ciudadanía en Sonora durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Medina Bustos José Marcos
Published: August 2017

La rápida conversión del súbdito en ciudadano en el imperio español, producto de los procesos iniciados en 1808 con la invasión napoleónica, cimbró las estructuras institucionales de la monarquía absoluta, incluyendo la remota provincia de Sonora. A partir de entonces se experimentó una práctica política que consideraba al ciudadano como la base de la soberanía, que se extendió al México independiente, tanto a la república federal como a la centralista. En el presente trabajo se documenta cómo se concibió la ciudadanía en las constituciones y algunas leyes aprobadas por los congresos de los Estados de Occidente y de Sonora durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX; se señalan las implicaciones que tuvo en la expansión de la vida política a sectores más extensos de la población, los considerados vecinos, término que sirvió de bisagra entre la práctica política del Antiguo Régimen y la del nuevo ordenamiento jurídico liberal. Asimismo, se analiza la manera cómo se utilizó la ciudadanía para acabar con el estatuto jurídico particular de los indígenas, que les brindaba exclusividad en el usufructo de sus tierras y la autonomía en su forma de gobierno; finalmente, se documenta la exclusión de los derechos ciudadanos de sectores de la sociedad ubicados como la mano de obra de las empresas de la región, los llamados vagos y los sirvientes.
Gestión intergubernamental y capacidad estratégica en el desarrollo local y regional fronterizo
Authors: Ramos García José María
Published: August 2017

El artículo tiene como objetivo principal examinar el papel de los gobiernos locales en el desarrollo regional de la frontera norte de México, con base en los enfoques de la gestión intergubernamental de políticas públicas y la capacidad estratégica. La aportación teórica de este artículo consiste en destacar y especificar el papel de la gestión en las políticas de desarrollo fronterizo, con base en la capacidad de los recursos humanos, administrativa y, en general, gubernamental. Asimismo, se fundamenta la gestión intergubernamental en materia de asuntos fronterizos, en especial en el ámbito local y a su vez, la gestión de problemas transfronterizos. La pregunta central del artículo es: ¿los gobiernos fronterizos cuentan con las capacidades para promover el desarrollo regional en un contexto fronterizo y transfronterizo? La premisa que se plantea concibe que una mayor y eficaz cooperación entre los tres ámbitos de gobierno (local, estatal y federal), en materia de desarrollo regional, y sustentada en una capacidad estratégica, coadyuva a una mejor gestión e implantación de las políticas. Los temas generales del artículo son: 1.Antecedentes de las teorías de crecimiento y de política regional, donde se destaca la importancia de la gestión y políticas públicas en las principales teorías del crecimiento y de la política regional; 2. Gestión pública, capacidad y gestión intergubernamental; se examinan algunos antecedentes generales de la gestión pública y se define el concepto de capacidad gubernamental y su impacto en el desarrollo regional, así como la importancia de la gestión intergubernamental, y 3. Problemas fronterizos y nuevos enfoques en la gestión del desarrollo regional; se analizan algunos problemas fronterizos, con la finalidad de destacar ciertas limitaciones en la capacidad gubernamental; en ese contexto, se proponen nuevas estrategias de gestión y políticas locales.
Política inmigratoria de México y Estados Unidos y algunas de sus consecuencias
Authors: Cortés Larrinaga Mario
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo aborda la política de inmigración de Estados Unidos y de México, así como algunas de las consecuencias que dicha política tiene para la emigración mexicana y centroamericana, en su intento por responder a los llamados de la demanda de fuerza de trabajo que surgen de la agricultura, la industria y los servicios en Estados Unidos. La paradoja del momento actual en Norteamérica consiste en los esfuerzos por eliminar las fronteras que restringen la libre circulación de mercancías y de capital, por una parte, y, por otra, el afán de limitar el libre paso a la fuerza de trabajo. La intensificación de los métodos de control y vigilancia estadounidenses en la frontera con México, y de México con Centroamérica, representa un considerable incremento en los riesgos y costos de la migración, al mismo tiempo que significa el triunfo y el fracaso de la política migratoria de ambos países en cuanto a detener los flujos de trabajadores indocumentados.
Crecimiento económico y desigualdades regionales en México: el impacto de la infraestructura
Authors: Fuentes Noé Arón
Published: August 2017

Por medio del análisis de regresión se calcula para México una función de cuasi-producción, a fin de examinar si la inversión pública en infraestructura puede alterar los patrones de ingreso regional, así como para determinar si la efectividad de dicho tipo de inversión depende de su composición (económica y social) y de las características de las regiones receptoras (intermedias o rezagadas). Hansen (1965) ha señalado esta posibilidad. Las entidades federativas fueron agrupadas mediante clusters y discriminantes en dos categorías: intermedias y rezagadas. Los resultados econométricos parecen confirmar la tesis de Hansen. Cada indicador físico (sintético) de inversión pública económica fue estadísticamente significativo para explicar las variaciones regionales del PIBE (producto interno bruto estatal) en la categoría de estados intermedios. Si bien el indicador físico (sintético) de infraestructura social resultó estadísticamente significativo en la explicación de las diferencias del PIBE per capita en la categoría de estados atrasados, no lo fue en la categoría de estados intermedios. En otras palabras, el análisis empírico realizado pone en evidencia que la efectividad de la inversión pública en infraestructura depende de su composición y de las características de las regiones receptoras.
Limitaciones de los proveedores mexicanos de la electrónica frente a los extranjeros
Authors: Carrillo Jorge , Zárate Cornejo Robert
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo analiza las diferencias entre proveedores extranjeros y mexicanos en la industria electrónica en Baja California. Por un lado, se encuentran los proveedores mexicanos con limitaciones tecnológicas, productivas y en el tamaño del empleo. Se especializan en la fabricación de insumos y materiales indirectos, lo que les impide insertarse en las cadenas productivas de dicha industria, en particular con las firmas transnacionales. Además, se trata de tradicionales negocios familiares. Por otro lado, se encuentran los proveedores extranjeros cuya especialización es la producción de materiales directos para la industria electrónica. Su vinculación es de largo plazo con las transnacionales, lo cual les ha permitido adquirir una mayor transferencia tecnológica, asistencia técnica, personal calificado y capacitado, garantizando con ello su posición competitiva en cuanto a brindar calidad, precio y entrega a tiempo.
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad del desarrollo regional: el marco de la agricultura
Authors: Torres Lima Pablo , Rodríguez Sánchez Luis , Sánchez Jerónimo Óscar
Published: August 2017

La sustentabilidad del desarrollo regional puede evaluarse mediante diferentes metodologías. Los itinerarios metodológicos para estudiar el papel de la agricultura en el desarrollo sustentable en el ámbito regional proveen de importantes elementos de análisis, tales como las relaciones jerárquicas entre sistemas de producción en el marco de distintos niveles espaciales y temporales. Este trabajo examina los principales enfoques metodológicos e indicadores para evaluar la sustentabilidad y presenta una propuesta para el estudio del desarrollo regional desde la sustentabilidad y en el contexto de los sistemas agrícolas. Los principales puntos de este planteamiento son: 1) evaluar las tendencias generales del desarrollo en términos de la economía, el medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad; 2) establecer el perfil regional de evaluación de las actividades agropecuarias con base en indicadores socioeconómicos y agroecológicos; y 3) estudiar el desarrollo y las estrategias económicas de las unidades familiares, su calidad de vida y el medio ambiente local. La formulación de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos de sustentabilidad es una etapa fundamental del proceso de investigación sobre el desarrollo regional, principalmente de acuerdo con cuatro criterios: económicos, sociales, político-institucionales y ambientales.
Perencanaan Jadual Induk Produksi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Disagregat Guna Memenuhi Permintaan Yang Berfluktuasi
Authors: Kristinawati Eti
Published: August 2017

Every company always tries to serve all customer's demand. This need a good planning and schedulling to keep flow production. PT Binarenata is one company which produce many kind of metal products. Currently, this company has problem in material handling of product and lack of another product. To solve this problem, this company made Master Produclion Schedule using disagregat method to duet he fluctuation demand. From analysis data can be found the number of worker with minimum cost in the next production planning is about 966 persons with cost about Rp. 49.431.714.000,00. Implementing this Master Production Schedule can reduce production cost about Rp. 5.829.363.807,00 or 76,3 %
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Berbasis Komputer Guna Meningkatkan Pelayanan Pada Bagian Apotik Di RSU Kepanjen-Malang
Authors: Nanang Dwi Irhandi Annisa Kesy G,
Published: August 2017

For this time, preparation of information technology be in the process of revolution or big change precisely. Such was the case with the Apotik of RSU Panggung Kepanjen - Malang, which acceptance recipe system and the information process of medicines for consumer or for own hospital side still not make ose of management information system which use computer yet, with the result that, make it difficult for several side to processing lot of data become an information.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Perkembangan Proyek Berbasis Web
Authors: Mudjahidin M , Dita Pahang Putra Nyoman
Published: August 2017

Bina Marga and Pematusan official (Bimatus) is government office that deals with transportation improvement and maintenance especially streets and bridges. Each of projects in Bina Marga and Pematusan official has work planning data. Those early data are used as a measure for project development. Consequently, project development information is one of the important things to know whether a project is running well. According to that need along with computer based system improvement that is used to maintenance real and planning data, official would know whether project realization is running well or not. System development is begun with needs identification, then, created system design that is explained with UML and ERD. System design is used in web circumstances, WAP-PHP based, and MySql database. Finally, examinations for many functions are done to evaluate system task. This results a web application and WAP that could manage project development data at Bina Marga and Pematusan Official.
PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI MENJADI REFUSED DERIVED FUEL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT ALTERNATIF
Authors: HIMAWANTO DWI ARIES , DHEWANGGA P R. DHIMAS , SAPTOADI HARWIN , ROHMAT TRI AGUNG , INDARTO INDARTO
Published: August 2017

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) has great potential as a clean, renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers through thermochemical, called pyrolyis, and densification processes to form a Refused Derived Fuels (RDF), i.e MSW char briquette. In this article, thermogravimetry analysis has done to analyzed combustion characteristic of MSW briquette dan MSW char briquette. The sample in this research is 70 % wt MSW organic component 30 % wt MSW non organic component. . The 20 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased 10 0C/min and until sample temperature reaches 400 0C and held for 30 minutes before the sample is cooled into room temperature. 100 ml/min nitrogen is introduced from the bottom of furnace as a swept gas.. The formed char is densified and then characterized in a self manufactured macro balance, adopted from Swithenbank et al.. The 3 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased wih the selected heating rate until sample mass nearly constant.The results of the research showed that the effect of pyrolysis give the increase of sample heating value and give the lower ignition temperature of char briquette combustion.
TATA RUANG DAN PENILAIAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI DI BANGKALAN PASCA PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN SURAMADU BERDASARKAN POTENSI DAERAH
Authors: UTAMI ISSA DYAH , FINDIASTUTI WENY , KUSWANTO DWI , SINGGIH MOSES L.
Published: August 2017

The development of Suramadu Bridge that connects Java Island and Madura Island opens the opportunity for Bangkalan Regency to be one of Industrial Park at East Java Province.This could be realized if there are many investors who invest their capital and build their industry at the industrial Park. The Clustering analysis and Scoring Risk analysis are used in this research. The results of this study indicate that based on the industrial potential, Bangkalan region is divided into six regions. Region I is the most appropriate area to serve  industrial and commercial center. The study also build a Standardized  Information System as a guide for the investors to invest their capital. This contains information about Industry Spatial Planning and Clustering based on area potency of bangkalan Regency and Environmental Impact.