bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Samsung Smartwatch for Sleep–Wake Determination and Sleep Stage Estimation
Authors: Kim Dongyeop , Joo Eun Yeon , Choi Su Jung
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Galaxy Watch 3 (GW3) is a commercially available smartwatch equipped with a sleep-tracking function capable of collecting longitudinal sleep data in a real-world environment. We aimed to investigate the validity of GW3 for estimating sleep stages compared with reference data from polysomnography (PSG).Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults (mean age 37.8, male 87.5%) were recruited to wear a GW3 concurrently with in-laboratory overnight PSG recording. Sleep parameters, including total sleep time (TST) and the duration of each sleep stage (light, deep, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep), were calculated for both GW3 and PSG. Sleep parameters were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots. The epoch-by-epoch classification performance was evaluated to determine the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa values, and confusion matrices.Results: Bland–Altman plots showed moderate agreement between GW3 and PSG for TST (ICC=0.640), light sleep (ICC=0.518), and deep sleep (ICC=0.639), whereas REM sleep duration was not reliably estimated using the GW3. The GW3 overestimated TST by a mean of 9.5 min. The sensitivity of epoch-by-epoch sleep detection was 0.954; however, the specificity was 0.524. The sensitivity of each sleep stage estimation was 0.695 for light sleep, 0.612 for deep sleep, and 0.598 for REM sleep. The overall accuracy of GW3 in distinguishing the four-stage sleep epochs was 0.651.Conclusions: GW3 demonstrated high performance in sleep detection but moderate performance in wake determination and sleep stage estimation compared with PSG results, which were comparable to previously reported results for other consumer wearable devices.
May 2023 Medical Image of the Month: Methamphetamine Inhalation Leading to Cavitary Pneumonia and Pleural Complications
Authors:   University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA, Ghiassi Kia , Jenkins Colin , Juneja Prateek
Published: May 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. A 31-year-old man with a self-reported history significant for active methamphetamine and OxyContin use (last use of methamphetamine the same day with confirmation on urine drug screen) presented to the hospital with several hours of dyspnea. Having gone into cardiac arrest shortly after, he received several rounds of epinephrine and CPR and was intubated before spontaneous circulation returned. Bedside ultrasound revealed global hypokinesis with left ventricular ejection fraction of 10 to 15%, trivial pericardial effusion, and a moderate left pleural effusion. Chest CT (Figure 1) revealed segmental to subsegmental pulmonary emboli in the left lower lobe and ground-glass opacities in the left upper and bilateral lower lobes. He was treated as septic shock with Vancomycin and Cefepime, eventually speciating methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory culture. Due to difficulty liberating the patient from the ventilator, he underwent tracheostomy tube placement. Chest x-ray on hospital day 18 showed a large left partially …
High-bandwidth coherent optical communication over 10.3  km of turbulent air
Authors: Karpathakis Skevos F. E. , Dix-Matthews Benjamin P. , Gozzard David R. , Schediwy Sascha W.
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate 111.8 Gb/s coherent optical communication throughput over a 10.3 km folded free-space laser range. Folded links are low complexity to establish and provide a high uptime for testing equipment. The communication signals were sourced from an un-modified commercial off-the-shelf transceiver intended for long-haul fiber networks. Wavelength dependence was explored by testing 52 optical C-band channels over the course of an evening. In the future, such high-bandwidth communications will be used in feeder links from satellites in geosynchronous orbit. Optical power measurements of the received signal are compared with atmospheric theory to determine the turbulence strength exhibited and therefore the applicability of the laser range to space-to-ground links. We show that the high-uptime, 10.3 km laser range is suitable for testing high-bandwidth space-to-ground optical communication systems intended for links to geosynchronous orbit at 20°–50° elevation.
Four-channel joint-polarization-frequency-multiplexing encryption meta-hologram based on dual-band polarization multiplexing meta-atoms
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Jingwen , Xie Rensheng , Gu Zhen , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Xiong , Zhang Hualiang , Chen Chang , Chen Weidong , Ding Jun , Zhang Xiang
Published: May 2023

Holography is an advanced imaging technology where image information can be reconstructed without a lens. Recently, multiplexing techniques have been widely adapted to realize multiple holographic images or functionalities in a meta-hologram. In this work, a reflective four-channel meta-hologram is proposed to further increase the channel capacity by simultaneously implementing frequency and polarization multiplexing. Compared to the single multiplexing technique, the number of channels achieves a multiplicative growth of the two multiplexing techniques, as well as allowing meta-devices to possess cryptographic characteristics. Specifically, spin-selective functionalities for circular polarizations can be achieved at lower frequency, while different functionalities can be obtained at higher frequency under different linearly polarized incidences. As an illustrative example, a four-channel joint-polarization-frequency-multiplexing meta-hologram is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured results agree well with the numerically calculated and full-wave simulated ones, which provides the proposed method with great potential in numerous opportunities such as multi-channel imaging and information encryption technology.
Thickness-dependent in-plane shift of photonic spin Hall effect in an anisotropic medium
Authors: Lin Shuai , Ma Zuhai , Hong Jiahao , Wan Gan , Chen Yu , Zhou Xinxing
Published: May 2023

As the in-plane spin splitting (IPSS) has a broad application for the precision measurement and sensing, it is extremely important to explore its enhancement mechanism via the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). However, for a multilayer structure, the thickness in most of previous works is generally set as a fixed value, lacking the deeply exploration of the influence of thickness on the IPSS. By contrast, here we demonstrate the comprehensive understanding of thickness-dependent IPSS in a three layered anisotropic structure. As thickness increases, near the Brewster angle, the enhanced in-plane shift exhibits a thickness-dependently periodical modulation, besides with much wider incident angle than that in an isotropic medium. While near the critical angle, it becomes thickness-dependently periodical or linear modulation under different dielectric tensors of the anisotropic medium, no longer keeps almost constant in an isotropic medium. In addition, as exploring the asymmetric in-plane shift with arbitrary linear polarization incidence, the anisotropic medium could bring more obvious and wider range of thickness-dependently periodical asymmetric splitting. Our results deepen the understanding of enhanced IPSS, which is expected to promise a pathway in an anisotropic medium for the spin control and integrated device based on PSHE.
Enhancement of lossy mode resonance sensing properties by the introduction of an intermediate low-refractive-index layer
Authors: Armas Dayron , Kwietniewski Norbert , Matías Ignacio R. , Burnat Dariusz , Śmietana Mateusz , Del Villar Ignacio
Published: May 2023

Devices based on the lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect have found numerous sensing applications. Herein, the enhancement of the sensing properties by the introduction of an intermediate layer between the substrate and the LMR-supporting film is discussed. Experimental results for a silicon oxide (SiO2) layer of tuned thickness between a glass slide substrate and a thin film of titanium oxide (TiO2) prove the possibility of significantly increasing the LMR depth and the figure of merit (FoM) for refractive index sensing applications, which is supported by a numerical analysis using the plane wave method for a one-dimensional multilayer waveguide. The application of the intermediate layer allows the introduction of a new, to the best of our knowledge, degree of freedom into the design of LMR-based sensors, resulting in improved performance for demanding fields such as chemical sensing or biosensing.
Noise analysis in a seeded four-wave mixing process generated in a photonic crystal fiber pumped by a chirped pulse
Authors: Guilberteau Theo , Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Fauquet Frederic , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Muñoz-Marco Hector , Perez-Millan Pere , Roy Philippe , Mounaix Patrick , Bigourd Damien
Published: May 2023

Four-wave mixing is investigated when chirped pump and signal pulses are injected in a photonic crystal fiber. The shot-to-shot stability of the amplified coherent signal was measured by using the dispersive Fourier transform method and compared with numerical simulations. We highlight that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pulsed signal increases with the injected power and show that it is not deteriorated through the amplification when the fiber optical parametric amplifier is strongly saturated. The SNR of the signal remains nearly constant after the amplifier.
Challenges in the development of a reliable cw-LIDT measurement routine
Authors: Kiedrowski Kevin , Jupé Marco , Ehlers Henrik , Kennedy Michael , Wienke Andreas , Ristau Detlev
Published: May 2023

The characterization of continuous-wave (cw) laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) requires a suitable measurement routine to obtain reliable results. In this study, we show that the existing measurement protocols are of limited use for cw-LIDT measurements. On the basis of testing several mirrors with varied distance and number of spots on the samples an adapted protocol for the damage behavior under cw laser irradiation is proposed. We observed a significant effect governed by debris and induced stress of induced damages on the damage behavior of subsequent irradiation spots. Finally, we performed a parametric study on the optical properties of mirror designs consisting of a metal and a dielectric multilayer film and demonstrated the LIDT dependence on the thermal conductivity of the substrate and the absorption of the components.
Morphological investigation and 3D simulation of plasmonic nanostructures to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Fathi Davood , Eskandari Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Light absorption process is a key factor in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using arrays of metal nanostructures on semiconductors such as perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3), the amount of light absorption in these layers is significantly increased. Metal nanostructures have been considered for their ability to excite plasmons (collective oscillations of free electrons). Noble metal nanoparticles placed inside solar cells, by increasing the scattering of the incident light, effectively increase the optical absorption inside PSCs; this in turn increases the electric current generated in the photovoltaic device. In this work, by calculating the cross-sectional area of dispersion and absorption on gold (Au) nanoparticles, the effects of the position of nanoparticles in the active layer (AL) and their morphology on the increase of absorption within the PSC are investigated. The optimal position of the plasmonic nanoparticle was obtained in the middle of the AL using a three-dimensional (3D) simulation method. Then, three different morphologies of nano-sphere, nano-star and nano-cubes were investigated, where the short-circuit currents (Jsc) for these three nanostructures were obtained equal to 19.01, 18.66 and 20.03 mA/cm2, respectively. In our study, the best morphology of the nanostructure according to the Jsc value was related to the nano-cube, in which the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) was equal to 16.20%, which is about 15% better than the PSC with the planar architecture.
Morphological investigation and 3D simulation of plasmonic nanostructures to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad
Published: May 2023

The process of absorbing light in perovskite solar cells (PSC) is one of the effective factors in improving the performance of this type of cells. Using arrays of metal nanostructures on semiconductors such as perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3), the amount of light absorption in these layers is significantly increased. Metal nanostructures have been considered for their ability to excite plasmons (Collective oscillations of free electrons). Noble metal nanoparticles placed inside solar cells, by increasing the scattering of the incident light, effectively increase the optical absorption inside PSCs. Increasing the optical absorption increases the electric current generated in the photovoltaic device. In this study, by calculating the cross-sectional area of dispersion and absorption on gold (Au) nanoparticles, the effects of the position of nanoparticles in the active layer and their morphology on the increase of absorption within the PSC were investigated. The proper position of the plasmonic nanoparticle was obtained in the middle of the active layer. In a three-dimensional (3D) simulation, the proper position of the plasmonic nanoparticle was obtained in the middle of the active layer. Then, three different morphologies of nano-sphere, nano-star and nano-cubes were investigated, and the short-circuit currents (Jsc) for these three nanostructures were 19.01 (mA/cm2), 18.66 (mA/cm2) and 20.03(mA/cm2) respectively. In this study, the best morphology of the nanostructure according to the Jsc was related to the nano-cube, in which the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) was equal to 16.20%, which is about 15% better than the PSC with the planar architecture.
1.5-m flat imaging system aligned and phased in real time
Authors: Xie Zongliang , Yang Kaiyuan , Liu Yang , Xu Tianrong , Chen Botao , Ma Xiafei , Ruan Yong , Ma Haotong , Du Junfeng , Bian Jiang , Liu Dun , Wang Lihua , Tang Tao , Yuan Jiawei , Ren Ge , Qi Bo , Yang Hu
Published: May 2023

Flat optics has been considered promising for constructions of spaceborne imaging systems with apertures in excess of 10 m. Despite recent advances, there are long-existing challenges to perform in-phase stitching of multiple flat optical elements. Phasing the segmented planar instrument has remained at the proof of concept. Here, we achieve autonomous system-level cophasing of a 1.5-m stitching flat device, bridging the gap between the concept and engineering implementation. To do so, we propose a flat element stitching scheme, by manipulating the point spread function, which enables our demonstration of automatically bringing seven flat segments’ tip/tilt and piston errors within the tolerance. With phasing done, the 1.5-m system has become the largest phased planar instrument ever built in the world, to our knowledge. The first demonstration of phasing the large practical flat imaging system marks a significant step towards fielding a 10-m class one in space, also paving the way for ultrathin flat imaging in various remote applications.
All-in-one photoelectric logic gates by Dember photodetectors
Authors: Cao Guoyang , Wang Changlei , Luo Yu , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2023

Photoelectric logic gates (PELGs) are the key component in integrated electronics due to their abilities of signal conversion and logic operations. However, traditional PELGs with fixed architectures can realize only very limited logic functions with relatively low on–off ratios. We present a self-driving polarized photodetector driven by the Dember effect, which yields ambipolar photocurrents through photonic modulation by a nested grating. The ambipolar response is realized by exciting the whispering-gallery mode and localized surface plasmon resonances, which leads to reverse spatial carrier generation and therefore the contrary photocurrent assisted by the Dember effect. We further design a full-functional PELG, which enables all five basic logic functions (“AND”, “OR”, “NOT”, “NAND”, and “NOR”) simultaneously in a single device by using one source and one photodetector only. Such an all-in-one PELG exhibits a strong robustness against structure size, incident wavelength, light power, and half-wave plate modulation, paving a way to the realization of ultracompact high-performance PELGs.
Analyzing group communication dynamics and content in a common-pool resource experiment
Authors: Hoffmann Patrick , Villamayor-Tomas Sergio , Lopez Maria Claudia
Published: May 2023

We study costly communication in a common-pool resource (CPR) experiment as a proxy for two different forms of participatory processes: as a public good and as a club good. A public communication meeting, representing centralized participatory processes, occurs when all group members’ monetary contributions reach a specified threshold. Club communication meetings, representing networked participatory processes, follow only among those members of the group who pay a communication fee. We test whether the way costly communication is provided affects the willingness of participants to contribute to communication, as well as the dynamics of such payments, and the content of communication. This is done by analyzing contributions to communication and communication content of 100 real-life resource users participating in a lab-in-field experiment. We find that contributions towards communication are higher when communication is public, and that club communication features more frequent but less inclusive communication meetings. Also, communication content is more oriented towards addressing the collective action problem associated with the management of the resource when communication groups are attended by all participants. The identified differences between the two ways to provide for communication can inform policies and the design of participatory processes in natural resource governance.
Treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Niu Dandan , Tang Houlin , Chen Fangfang , Zhao Decai , Zhao Hehe , Hou Yushan , Wang Shi , Lyu Fan
Published: May 2023

Objective

Reducing the prevalence of treatment failure among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is crucial for improving individual health and reducing disease burden. This study aimed to assess existing evidence on treatment failure and its associated factors among PLHIV in mainland China.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SinoMed databases. Relevant studies on treatment failure among PLHIV in mainland China until September 2022 were searched, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. The primary outcome was treatment failure, and secondary outcomes were the potential influencing factors of treatment failure. We performed a meta-analysis to pool each outcome of interest, including meta-regression, subgroup, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses.

Results

A total of 81 studies were deemed eligible and included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled treatment failure prevalence among PLHIV in mainland China was 14.40% (95% confidence interval [CI]:12.30–16.63), of which the virological and immunological failure prevalence was 10.53% (95%CI:8.51–12.74) and 18.75% (95%CI:15.44–22.06), respectively. The treatment failure prevalence before and after 2016 was 18.96% (95%CI:13.84–24.67) and 13.19% (95%CI:10.91–15.64). Factors associated with treatment failure included good treatment adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95%CI:0.26–0.51), baseline CD4 counts>200 cells/μL (OR = 0.39, 95%CI:0.21–0.75), HAART regimens containing Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) (OR = 0.70, 95%CI:0.54–0.92), WHO clinical stage III/IV (OR = 2.02, 95%CI:1.14–3.59) and age≥40 years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.23–1.97).

Conclusion

The prevalence of treatment failure among PLHIV receiving HAART in mainland China was low and tended to decline. Poor adherence, low baseline CD4 count, HAART regimens without TDF, advanced clinical stage, and old age were contributing factors for treatment failure. Relevant intervention programs are needed with increasing treatment adherence through behavioral intervention or precise intervention targeting older adults.
Isolation of strains and their genome sequencing to analyze the mating system of Ophiocordyceps robertsii
Authors: Xu Melvin , Ashley Nathan A. , Vaghefi Niloofar , Wilkinson Ian , Idnurm Alexander
Published: May 2023

The fungal genusOphiocordycepscontains a number of insect pathogens. One of the best known of these isOphiocordyceps sinensis, which is used in Chinese medicine and its overharvesting threatens sustainability; hence, alternative species are being sought.Ophiocordyceps robertsii, found in Australia and New Zealand, has been proposed to be a close relative toO.sinensis, but little is known about this species despite being also of historical significance. Here,O.robertsiistrains were isolated into culture and high coverage draft genome sequences obtained and analyzed. This species has a large genome expansion, as also occurred inO.sinensis. The mating type locus was characterized, indicating a heterothallic arrangement whereby each strain has an idiomorphic region of two (MAT1-2-1,MAT1-2-2) or three (MAT1-1-1,MAT1-1-2,MAT1-1-3) genes flanked by the conservedAPN2andSLA2genes. These resources provide a new opportunity for understanding the evolution of the expanded genome in the homothallic speciesO.sinensis, as well as capabilities to explore the pharmaceutical potential in a species endemic to Australia and New Zealand.
Two-year outcome of half-time photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with and without choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Kamimura Aya , Miki Akiko , Kishi Maya , Okuda Mina , Hayashida-Hirano Mayuka , Sakamoto Mari , Matsumiya Wataru , Imai Hisanori , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To compare the two-year outcome of half-time photodynamic therapy (htPDT) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) with and without choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included 88 eyes of 88 patients with cCSC who underwent htPDT and were followed up for more than 24 months. Patients were divided into two groups with (21 eyes) or without (67 eyes) CNV before htPDT treatment. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after PDT.

Results

A significant intergroup difference was noted in terms of age (P = 0.038). Significant improvements in the BCVA and SCT were found at all time points in eyes without CNV but only at 24 months in eyes with CNV. CRT was significantly reduced in both groups at all time points. No significant intergroup differences were noted in terms of BCVA, SCT and CRT at all time points. There were significant differences in the rate of recurrent and persistent SRF between groups (22.4% (without CNV) vs. 52.4% (with CNV), P = 0.013, and 26.9% (without CNV) vs. 57.1% (with CNV), P = 0.017, respectively). The presence of CNV was significantly associated with the recurrence and persistence of SRF after initial PDT (P = 0.007 and 0.028, respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed that the baseline BCVA, and not the presence of CNV, was significantly associated with BCVA at 24 months after initial PDT (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

A htPDT for cCSC was less effective in eyes with CNV than in those without CNV regarding the recurrence and persistence of SRF. Additional treatment might be required in eyes with CNV during 24-month follow-up periods.
The influence of executive functions on eye-hand span and piano performance during sight-reading
Authors: Imai-Matsumura Kyoko , Mutou Megumi
Published: May 2023

The ability to perform an unrehearsed piece of music, or sight-read, is a skill required by music performers. In sight-reading, the performer reads and plays the music simultaneously, which requires the coordination of visual, auditory, and motor processing. While performing, they display a characteristic called eye-hand span, in which the part of the score being looked at precedes the part being played. They must recognize, decipher, and process the score in the time between reading a note and playing it. An individual’s executive function (EF) that control their cognition, emotions, and behavior may be involved in overseeing these individual movements. However, no study has investigated how EF is related to the eye-hand span and performance during sight-reading. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the relationships among EF, eye-hand span, and piano performance. Thirty-nine Japanese pianists and college students aspiring to be pianists with an average of 33.3 years of experience participated in this study. They performed sight-reading of two types of music scores with different difficulty levels while their eye movements were measured using an eye tracker to obtain their eye-hand span. The core EFs of inhibition, working memory, and shifting, were measured directly for each participant. Piano performance was evaluated by two pianists who did not participate in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the results. The results showed that auditory working memory predicted eye-hand span (β = .73, p < .001 in easy score; β = .65, p < .001 in difficult score), and eye-hand span predicted performance (β = .57, p < .001 in easy score; β = .56, p < .001 in difficult score). Auditory working memory did not directly affect performance, but through eye-hand span. The eye-hand span for easy scores was significantly greater than that for difficult scores. Furthermore, in a difficult music score, the shifting ability predicted higher piano performance. These suggest that the input of notes from the eyes becomes sound in the brain and activates the auditory working memory, which is then transmitted to finger movement, resulting in piano performance. In addition, it was suggested that shifting ability is also needed to perform difficult scores.
Health inequalities for older people from minority ethnic groups receiving palliative care and end of life care: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Aker Narin , Frost Rachael , Walters Kate , West Emily , Davies Nathan
Published: May 2023

Objective

The proposed scoping review aims to explore international literature on how older people from minority ethnic groups engage with and utilise palliative and end of life care, investigate the barriers and facilitators, and compare how this varies between ethnicities and health conditions.

Introduction

Minority ethnic groups make up substantial parts of the populations of many countries around the world. Research has found that there are disparities in access to palliative care and end of life care among minority ethnic groups. Language barriers, cultural values, and socio-demographic factors have been cited as preventing access to quality palliative and end of life care. However, it is unclear how these barriers and inequalities differ across different minority ethnic groups in different countries, and across different health conditions within these groups.

Inclusion criteria

The population will be older people of different minority ethnic groups who are receiving palliative or end of life care, family caregivers, and health and social care professionals. The sources of information will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research, and sources that focus on minority ethnic groups’ interactions with palliative and end of life care.

Methods

A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Assia, and the Cochrane Library will be conducted. Citation tracking, reference list checking and grey literature searches will be undertaken. Data will be extracted, charted and summarised descriptively.

Implications

This review will highlight the health inequalities present in palliative and end of life care, the research gaps in understudied minority ethnic populations, locations where further study is required, and how barriers and facilitators differ across different ethnic groups and health conditions. The results of this review will be shared with stakeholders and will provide evidence-based recommendations for inclusive palliative and end of life care.
An Affordable phototherapy intensity meter using machine learning to improve the quality of care system for Hyperbilirubinemia in Indonesia
Authors: Kristian Yosi , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Susanto Evan Kusuma , Visuddho Visuddho , Liem Kian Djien
Published: May 2023

Hyperbilirubinemia is more frequently seen in low and middle-income countries like Indonesia. One of the contributing factors is a substandard dose of Phototherapy irradiance. This research aims to design a phototherapy intensity meter called PhotoInMeter using readily available low-cost components. PhotoInMeter is designed by using a microcontroller, light sensor, color sensor, and an ND (neutral-density) filter. We use machine learning to create a mathematical model that converts the emission from the color sensor and light sensor into light intensity measurements that are close to Ohmeda Biliblanket’s measurements. Our prototype collects sensor reading data and pairs them with Ohmeda Biliblanket Light Meter to create a training set for our machine learning algorithm. We create a multivariate linear regression, random forest, and XGBoost model based on our training set to convert sensor readings to Ohmeda Biliblanket Light Meter measurement. We successfully devised a prototype that costs 20 times less to produce compared to our reference intensity meter while still having high accuracy. Compared to Ohmeda Biliblanket Light Meter, our PhotoInMeter has a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.83 and achieves more than a 0.99 correlation score in all six different devices for intensity in the range of 0–90 μW/cm2/nm. Our prototypes show consistent reading between PhotoInMeter devices, having an average difference of 0.435 among all six devices.
Using ecosystem health and welfare assessments to determine impacts of wild collection for public aquariums
Authors: Fischer Brittany , Pempek Jessica , George Kelly Ann , Flint Jaylene , Wittum Thomas , Flint Mark
Published: May 2023

Aquatic ecosystems are currently facing a multitude of stressors from anthropogenic impacts, including climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Public aquariums positively contribute to ecosystems through conservation, education, and scientific advancement; but may also negatively detract from these systems through collection of animals from the wild and sourcing from commercial suppliers. Changes within the industry have occurred, although evidence-based assessments of 1) how aquariums collect and maintain their populations to determine sustainability of the environment they have harvested; and 2) the welfare of these harvested animals once within the aquariums are still needed. The objectives of this study were to assess the ecosystem health of locations aquariums frequently visit to collect fish from the wild, and then evaluate the wellbeing of fishes at aquariums after extended periods in captivity. Assessments included use of chemical, physical, and biological indicators at field sites, and use of a quantitative welfare assessment at aquariums for comparison to species reared through aquaculture. Anthropogenic pressures at field sites were observed, but no evidence of high degradation or compromised health of animals were found. Welfare assessments of aquarium exhibit tanks produced high-positive scores overall (> 70/84), demonstrating that both wild collected (avg. score 78.8) and aquaculture fishes (avg. score 74.5) were coping appropriately within their environments. Although findings indicated that fish can be taken from the wild at low-moderate rates without any deleterious impact on the environment and cope equally well in aquarium settings, alternatives such as aquaculture should be considered as a strategy to reduce pressure on known stressed aquatic environments or where significant numbers of fishes are being taken.
Smaller preferred interpersonal distance for joint versus parallel action
Authors: Schmitz Laura , Reader Arran T.
Published: May 2023

During social interaction, humans prefer to keep a certain distance between themselves and other individuals. This preferred ‘interpersonal distance’ (IPD) is known to be sensitive to social context, and in the present study we aimed to further investigate the extent to which IPD is affected by the specific type of social interaction. In particular, we focused on the contrast between joint actions, where two or more individuals coordinate their actions in space and time to achieve a shared goal, and parallel actions, where individuals act alongside each other but individually. We predicted that joint action would be associated with a smaller preferred IPD compared to parallel action. Additionally, given that this research took place in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to assess whether IPD preferences are affected by individuals’ concerns about infection in general, as well as COVID-19 in particular. We predicted that higher individual concerns would be associated with greater preferred IPD. To test these hypotheses, we asked participants to imagine different social scenarios (involving either joint or parallel actions alongside a stranger) and indicate, on a visual scale, their preferred IPD. The results of two experiments (n = 211, n = 212) showed that participants preferred a shorter distance when they imagined acting jointly compared to when they imagined acting in parallel. Moreover, participants who reported higher discomfort for potential pathogen contact and who were more aware of the COVID-19 context in which the study took place preferred a larger IPD in general. Our results provide further evidence that different types of social interaction shape IPD preference. We discuss potential reasons for this phenomenon and highlight remaining questions for future research.
Isolation of salivary cell-free DNA for cancer detection
Authors: Brooks Patricia J. , Malkin Ethan Z. , De Michino Steven , Bratman Scott V.
Published: May 2023

Saliva is an emerging source of disease biomarkers, particularly for cancers of the head and neck. Although analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in saliva holds promise as a liquid biopsy for cancer detection, currently there are no standardized methodologies for the collection and isolation of saliva for the purposes of studying DNA. Here, we evaluated various saliva collection receptacles and DNA purification techniques, comparing DNA quantity, fragment size, source, and stability. Then, using our optimized techniques, we tested the ability to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA– a bona fide cancer biomarker in a subset of head and neck cancers– from patient saliva samples. For saliva collection, we found that the Oragene OG-600 receptacle yielded the highest concentration of total salivary DNA as well as short fragments <300 bp corresponding to mononucleosomal cell-free DNA. Moreover, these short fragments were stabilized beyond 48 hours after collection in contrast to other saliva collection receptacles. For DNA purification from saliva, the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid kit yielded the highest concentration of mononucleosome-sized DNA fragments. Freeze-thaw of saliva samples did not affect DNA yield or fragment size distribution. Salivary DNA isolated from the OG-600 receptacle was found to be composed of both single and double-stranded DNA, including mitochondrial and microbial sources. While levels of nuclear DNA were consistent over time, levels of mitochondrial and microbial DNA were more variable and increased 48 hours after collection. Finally, we found that HPV DNA was stable in OG-600 receptacles, was reliably detected within the saliva of patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancer, and was abundant among mononucleosome-sized cell-free DNA fragments. Our studies have defined optimal techniques for isolating DNA from saliva that will contribute to future applications in liquid biopsy-based cancer detection.
Contributions of low- and high-level contextual mechanisms to human face perception
Authors: Canoluk Mehmet Umut , Moors Pieter , Goffaux Valerie
Published: May 2023

Contextual modulations at primary stages of visual processing depend on the strength of local input. Contextual modulations at high-level stages of (face) processing show a similar dependence to local input strength. Namely, the discriminability of a facial feature determines the amount of influence of the face context on that feature. How high-level contextual modulations emerge from primary mechanisms is unclear due to the scarcity of empirical research systematically addressing the functional link between the two. We tested (62) young adults’ ability to process local input independent of the context using contrast detection and (upright and inverted) morphed facial feature matching tasks. We first investigated contextual modulation magnitudes across tasks to address their shared variance. A second analysis focused on the profile of performance across contextual conditions. In upright eye matching and contrast detection tasks, contextual modulations only correlated at the level of their profile (averaged Fisher-Z transformed r = 1.18,BF10> 100), but not magnitude (r= .15,BF10=.61), suggesting the functional independence but similar working principles of the mechanisms involved. Both the profile (averaged Fisher-Z transformedr= .32,BF10=9.7) and magnitude (r =.28,BF10=4.58) of the contextual modulations correlated between inverted eye matching and contrast detection tasks. Our results suggest that non-face-specialized high-level contextual mechanisms (inverted faces) work in connection to primary contextual mechanisms, but that the engagement of face-specialized mechanisms for upright faces obscures this connection. Such combined study of low- and high-level contextual modulations sheds new light on the functional relationship between different levels of the visual processing hierarchy, and thus on its functional organization.
An Sfi1-like centrin-interacting centriolar plaque protein affects nuclear microtubule homeostasis
Authors: Wenz Christoph , Simon Caroline Sophie , Romão Tatiany Patricia , Stürmer Vanessa Saskia , Machado Marta , Klages Natacha , Klemmer Anja , Voß Yannik , Ganter Markus , Brochet Mathieu , Guizetti Julien
Published: May 2023

Malaria-causing parasites achieve rapid proliferation in human blood through multiple rounds of asynchronous nuclear division followed by daughter cell formation. Nuclear divisions critically depend on the centriolar plaque, which organizes intranuclear spindle microtubules. The centriolar plaque consists of an extranuclear compartment, which is connected via a nuclear pore-like structure to a chromatin-free intranuclear compartment. Composition and function of this non-canonical centrosome remain largely elusive. Centrins, which reside in the extranuclear part, are among the very few centrosomal proteins conserved in Plasmodium falciparum. Here we identify a novel centrin-interacting centriolar plaque protein. Conditional knock down of this Sfi1-like protein (PfSlp) caused a growth delay in blood stages, which correlated with a reduced number of daughter cells. Surprisingly, intranuclear tubulin abundance was significantly increased, which raises the hypothesis that the centriolar plaque might be implicated in regulating tubulin levels. Disruption of tubulin homeostasis caused excess microtubules and aberrant mitotic spindles. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that this prevented or delayed mitotic spindle extension but did not significantly interfere with DNA replication. Our study thereby identifies a novel extranuclear centriolar plaque factor and establishes a functional link to the intranuclear compartment of this divergent eukaryotic centrosome.
Re-Focus: The Films of Shyam Benegal, Sneha Kar Chaudhuri and Ramit Samaddar (Eds) (2022)
Authors: Dutta Subham
Published: May 2023

Review of: Re-Focus: The Films of Shyam Benegal, Sneha Kar Chaudhuri and Ramit Samaddar (Eds) (2022)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 255 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47445-286-1, h/bk, £90
Comparative analysis of cattle, buffalo and bison meat
Authors: Molnár Ádám , Lőrincz Ádám , Szepesi-Bencsik Dóra , Mihalkó József
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the consumption of bison meat is becoming more widespread worldwide, while it’s experiencing a renaissance in the United States. For the industry, this could lead to the emergence of a new market sector in the future. It is important to examine the extent to which the quality of its meat differs from that of the usual cattle or buffalo returning to the public consciousness. Our measurements were performed on the loin of bison, buffalo and cattle, including Angus cattle based on the consumer price per 100 grams of product, instrumental colour measurement, instrumental stock measurement, cooking, roasting and pressing loss, instrumental analytical examination and sensory evaluation. During our research, we concluded that bison meat may become a very popular product in Hungary in the future. There is a clear place for the consumption of both buffalo meat and bison meat in a health-conscious diet based on the measured results.
Brody: A Galician Border City in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Palmer Megan
Published: May 2023

Book review of the 2017 English-language edition of Brody: A Galician Border City in the Long Nineteenth Century by Börries Kuzmany.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditur dalam Perjanjian Online
Authors: Anwar Ahmad Syaifudin , Rahmi Fauziah
Published: May 2023

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dipercaya memberikan keuntungan yang luar biasa di berbagai negara di dunia. Karena peran teknologi dan informasi membantu terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di dunia. Salah satunya bisa memberikan kemudahan transaksi bisnis, terutama bisnis keuangan dan bisnis lain-lain. Di dalam hukum perdata-bisnis, kegiatan di dunia Maya terjadi dalam wujud perjanjian online. Perjanjian online dilakukan dengan tidak menghadirkan para pihak secara fisik dan tidaklah memakai tanda tangan asli. Pihak-pihak dalam kontrak online adalah pihak pelaku usaha uang melakukan penawaran atas barang atau jasa dan pihak pengguna dari jasa yang disediakan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini adalah proses dalam penelitian hukum untuk menentukan aturan-aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum maupun doktrin hukum untuk menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi. Yakni dalam hal ini bagaimana perlindungan terhadap kreditur dalam perjanjian online. Pada dasarnya semua perjanjian yang dibuat oleh pihak-pihak harus memenuhi kewajiban secara timbal balik yaitu pihak yang satu berkewajiban memberikan hak terhadap prestasi tersebut. Kemudian perlindungan terhadap kreditur dalam perjanjian online. Konsep dari perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditur dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Jasa Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dapat dilakukan oleh pihak penyelenggara dengan cara menerapkan 5 prinsip dasar sesuai dengan Pasal 29 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Jasa Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi yang menyatakan bahwa, Penyelenggara wajib menerapkan prinsip dasar dari perlindungan pengguna (kreditur dan debitur).
Agama dan Dakwah Digital: Membentuk Karisma Online melalui Personal Minning
Authors: Mardani Dede Aji , Abduh Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Artikel ini menyelidiki konstruksi dan transmisi karisma melalui saluran online dan perannya dalam pembentukan identitas keagamaan. Max Weber's mengamati bahwa karisma mendiami hubungan antara seorang pemimpin dan pengikutnya, peneliti berpendapat untuk melihat ulang secara kritis dari model teoretis di abad kedua puluh satu bentuk virtual dari perjumpaan sosial. Peneliti memokuskan analisis pada jemaah muslim di Indonesia dan khususnya pada seorang pemimpin berpengaruh bernama Abdullah Gymnastiar (Aa Gym). Menggunakan digital metode etnografi, peneliti menunjukkan bagaimana Aa Gym mengkonstruksi karisma online dan bagaimana komunitas/jemaahnya secara virtual terbentuk seputar klaim karismatiknya. Peneliti menggambarkan bagaimana secara virtual komunitas ini bersinggungan dengan dunia offline dan menemukan bahwa beberapa media yang dijalankan oleh badan usaha Aa Gym (MQ FM, DPU-DT, MQ Travel dan canal media sosial) dipenuhi dengan gaya karismatik yang khas yang bersinggungan berdasarkan hubungan ia dengan dakwah digital.
Tahap Pendidikan Anak dalam Islam: Metode Pendidikan Anak Ala Nabi Muhammad SAW
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraiakan tahapan-tahapan pendidikan anak yang sesuai dengan ajaran Nabi Muhammad SAW. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka atau library research. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pendidikan pada anak dilalui dalam 3 tahap : pada 7 tahun pertama, 7 tahun kedua, dan 7 tahun ketiga. Tahapan mendidik anak metode Nabi Muhammad SAW ada beberapa tahapan. Tahapan yang pertama adalah pendidikan anak pada usia 0-10 tahun, pada tahap ini dimulai dengan memberi nama yang baik pada anak, mencukur rambut, memberikan aqiqah, menyusui, mengajarkan agar taat kepada orangtua serta mengajarkan sholat. Tahapan yang kedua pendidikan anak pada usia 10-14 tahun, pada tahap ini orang tua sudah harus mengajarkan anak untuk tidur di atas kasurnya sendiri, mengajarkan untuk menutup aurat, serta menegur dengan lembut apabila anak melakukan kesalahan. Tahapan yang ketiga pendidikan anak pada usia 14-15 tahun, pada tahapan ini orang tua menganjurkan anak untuk memanfaatkan waktu serta memperhatikan bakat dan kecenderungan anak serta mengembangkannya
Grand Theft Capital
Authors: Magdoff Fred , Foster John Bellamy
Published: May 2023

The working class is being robbed, both through outright expropriation and the more hidden exploitation of countless workers who are struggling to make ends meet while capitalists pocket the surplus value they produce. John Bellamy Foster and Fred Magdoff dissect the neoliberal assault on the working class that is spurring a new generation of labor organizing.
The Political Tragedy of Capitalist Rule
Authors: Magdoff Harry , Sweezy Paul M.
Published: May 2023

In this prescient article from 1995, former MR editors Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy show that, through their own profligacy, the ruling classes have lost their capacity for political rule. The way forward, Magdoff and Sweezy write, is an "organized, militant struggle," and with victory necessarily leading to the overthrow of capitalist rule.