bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of meteorological phenomena on worldwide aircraft accidents, 1967–2010
Authors: Mazon J. , Rojas J. I. , Lozano M. , Pino D. , Prats X. , Miglietta M. M.
Published: December 2017

Based on the information available in databases from relevant national and international organizations from 1967 to 2010, an Aviation Weather Accidents Database (AWAD) was built. According to the AWAD, the weather is the primary cause in a growing percentage of annual aircraft accidents: from about 40% in 1967 to almost 50% in 2010. While the absolute number of fatalities and injured people due to aircraft accidents has decreased significantly, the percentage of fatalities and injured people in accidents attributed to the weather shows a slight increase in the studied period. The influence of turbulence, clear air turbulence, wind shear, low visibility, rain, icing, snow and storms on aircraft accidents was analysed, considering the different phases of flight, the meteorological seasons of the year and the spatial distribution over four zones of the Earth. These zones were defined following meteorological and climatological criteria, instead of using the typical political criteria. A major part of the accidents and accidents attributed to the weather occur in latitudes between 12° and 38° in both hemispheres. It is concluded that actions aimed at reducing the risk associated with low visibility, rain and turbulence, in this order, should have priority to achieve the most significant improvements in air transport safety.
SIW‐induced dualmode dualband loop antenna: A new design insight and guideline
Authors: Choudhury Suvadeep , Mohan Akhilesh , Guha Debatosh
Published: December 2017

A quasi‐omnidirectional printed antenna has been developed using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology. The radiating element is realized from a concept of segmented circular SIW cavity through repetitive bifurcation by magnetic walls and also by reshaping its ground plane. The conjecture and design insight have been discussed and demonstrated indicating matching bandwidth of 7.7% (3.49–3.77 GHz for TM010‐like mode) and 21.3% (5.08–6.29 GHz for TM020‐like mode). As much as 2 dBi gain with nonuniform quasi‐omnidirectional radiation patterns has been experimentally documented. This work should find applications in compact wireless transceivers operating in WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11) bands.
Microstrip linear phase low pass filter based on defected ground structures for partial response modulation
Authors: Cimoli Bruno , Johansen Tom Keinicke , Olmos Juan José Vegas
Published: December 2017

We report a high performance linear phase low pass filter (LPF) designed for partial response (PR) modulations. For the implementation, we adopted microstrip technology and a variant of the standard stepped‐impedance technique. Defected ground structures (DGS) are used for increasing the characteristic impedance of transmission lines. Experimental results prove that the proposed filter can successfully modulate a non‐return‐to‐zero (NRZ) signal into a five levels PR one.
A compact low profile dual‐polarized filtering antenna with metamaterial for wideband base station applications
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhai Huiqing , Li Long
Published: December 2017

A compact low profile dual‐polarized filtering antenna with metamaterial for wideband base station applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna is fed by two inverted L type coupled line, artificial magnetic conductor is utilized as the reflector. Meanwhile, a stepped impedance resonator is introduced into the inverted L type feedline to suppress the radiation of the antenna outside the operating band and achieve compact structure. The mentioned antenna has 11.5 mm (0.0958λ0) profile and two frequency doubling suppression characteristics. The return loss of the antenna is <–10 dB from 2.5 to 3.2 GHz. The gain of the proposed antenna is greater than 6.5 dB over the operation band. The filtering antenna is processed and fabricated, and the measured results are consistent with the simulation results.
Design of a vehicle mounted low profile broadband half‐bandwidth loop antenna for RCIED jamming
Authors: Ko DongOk , Lee Chi‐Hun , Woo Jong‐Myung
Published: December 2017

In this study, a vehicle mounted antenna for RCIED jamming in the radio frequency band (30 MHz to 3 GHz) is proposed. The proposed antenna integrates a half‐bandwidth loop antenna and a slot antenna for bandwidth broadening. The antenna was made low profile for vehicle mounting. Simulation results produced a 800 mm (height, 0.08λ) × 3 240 mm (length, 0.32λ) dimension antenna that was ∼75% decreased in height compared to a 30 MHz broadband one wavelength loop antenna. The dimensions of the antenna were redesigned to 1/10 scale for convenient manufacturing and measurement. The redesigned 1/10 scale antenna was 80 mm (height, 0.008λ) × 324 mm (length, 0.032λ) according to the simulation and measurement results. The −10 dB bandwidth was 100:1(300 MHz to 30 GHz), so when scaled up by a factor of 10, the radio frequency band would be covered with a band of 30 MHz to 3 GHz. For the polarization sum pattern, the low frequency band showed an oval pattern, while the high frequency band showed a butterfly shaped pattern in the horizontal plane, confirming the suitability of the antenna design for RCIED jamming.
Dual‐band Minkowski–Sierpinski fractal antenna for next generation satellite communications and wireless body area networks
Authors: Karimbu Vallappil Arshad , Khawaja Bilal A. , Khan Imdad , Mustaqim Muhammad
Published: December 2017

This article proposes a dual‐band combined Minkowski–Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna for next generation satellite communications, wireless body area networks and C‐band applications. The antenna was designed using CST microwave studio which works on the FDTD method and fabricated using FR4 epoxy glass substrate (ɛr = 4.3 and h = 1.6 mm). The proposed antenna resonates at 4 GHz and 5.9 GHz frequency bands, respectively. The simulated and fabricated results for various parameters like radiation pattern, reflection coefficient (S11), gain, and directivity are presented. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth and gain for the fabricated antenna are 120 MHz/0.4 dBi and 160 MHz/6.2 dBi at 4 GHz and 5.9 GHz frequency bands, respectively, which are very practical. The proposed unique antenna design gives an improvement in the bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern.
Design of compact dual‐mode dual‐band SIW filter with independent tuning capability
Authors: Naeem U. , Khan M. B. , Shafique M. F.
Published: December 2017

This work reports on a novel design of a compact and tunable filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology. The proposed dual‐band filter is based on resonators that exploit two resonating modes excited in a single SIW cavity. The structure is designed in such a way that the two bands of dual‐band filter each having two poles can be tuned independently. This property of the proposed filter makes it a suitable choice for multistandard applications with fine tuning as envisaged for future generation wireless technologies. The measured results of the fabricated prototypes validate the proposed design concept.
Novel compact millimeter‐wave gap waveguide filter with double‐sided selectivity
Authors: Farahani Hossein S. , Sadeghzadeh Ramezanali
Published: December 2017

Novel compact gap waveguide (GW) filter with negative coupling structure is proposed. GW is an attractive technology to design accurate millimeter‐wave components without electrical connection. It takes advantages of high Q‐factor, low loss, capability of integration with MMICs and multilayer implementation. GW features with stacked and negative coupling topology are effectively employed here to bring a high performance interconnect, miniaturized and cost‐effective filter. A fourth‐order Ka‐band filter with two prescribed symmetric transmission zeros is designed and fabricated based on the groove GW platform. The simulation and measurement results verify the validity of the method and exhibit high double‐sided selectivity.
Broadband GaN HEMT distributed power amplifier design with phase adjustment
Authors: Yan Huan Hui , Kumar Narendra , Latef Tarik Abdul , Yarman Binboga Siddik , Grebennikov Andrei
Published: December 2017

This letters presents a new wideband power amplifier approach to achieve high performance of wideband frequency operation from low frequency such as 80–2100 MHz for two‐way radio applications. The approach is referring to distributed power amplifier with phase adjustment of the gate line network to balance with drain line network (specifically with drain line tapering). Experimental of the prototype level with gallium nitride high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor demonstrated output power of 41 dBm, flat gain at 12 dB, and bandwidth covering 80 MHz to 2.1 GHz with power added efficiency of 45% under 28 V drain bias. According to the author's knowledge, this work has illustrated a significant enhancement in efficiency over the conventional topology, low cost implementation, and offers wideband operation for public safety applications.
Einblick in Echtzeit: Untersuchung von Batteriematerialien
Authors: Marbella Lauren E. , Pecher Oliver
Published: December 2017

Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie und Magnetresonanztomographie zeigen Kristallstrukturen und Ionendiffusion in Anoden, Kathoden und festen Elektrolyten – bis hin zu dreidimensionalen Bildern. Noch mehr Informationen liefern In‐situ‐NMR‐ und ‐MRT‐Messungen unter den Lade‐ und Entladebedingungen einer Batterie. Wie neue Hardware‐Lösungsansätze dabei helfen, zeigen Beispiele an Lithium‐ und Natriumionenbatterien.
Controller design for personalized drug administration in cancer therapy: Successive approximation approach
Authors: Babaei Naser , Salamci Metin U.
Published: December 2017

A novel controller design approach is developed to determine personalized chemotherapy drug delivery protocols for cancer treatment. The methodology combines successive approximation approach for optimal control and model reference adaptive control to realize the proposed drug administration scenario for patients without prior knowledge of model parameters in the nonlinear cancer dynamics. Although many approaches have been proposed to determine the optimal drug delivery protocol for eradicating tumor in the nonlinear cancer model, the main shortcoming of these approaches is the requirement of nonlinear model dynamics, which is unknown to physicians in reality. To overcome this deficiency, we first determine the optimal drug delivery protocol for a reference patient with known mathematical model and parameters via successive approximation approach technique. Then, using the proposed approach, we adapt the reference patient's drug administration scenario to unknown cancer patients by suggesting a new adaptation mechanism for the unknown nonlinear plant dynamics. An efficient and robust approach is proposed here for the physicians to prescribe a personalized chemotherapy protocol for a cancer patient by regulating the drug delivery protocol of a reference patient. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm in eradicating the tumor lumps with different sizes in several patients is verified using numerical simulations in which the unknown parameters are randomly selected in the Monte Carlo approach.
A carbon 21 steroidal metabolite from progestin, 20β‐hydroxy‐5α‐dihydroprogesterone, stimulates the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ando Takashi , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Takizawa Itsuhiro , Miyashiro Yoshimichi , Hara Noboru , Tomita Yoshihiko
Published: December 2017

Background

Clarifying the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PC) progression and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an urgent clinical issue. ADT influences steroidal metabolism in patients with PC and promotes the accumulation of carbon 21 steroids (C21s), such as progestin. Because the enzymes responsible for C21s metabolism are similar to those for androgen metabolism, PC cells may be able to metabolize C21s intracellularly. Therefore, there is a possibility that intracrine C21s are implicated in PC progression and resistance to ADT, and the influence of C21s on PC cells is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we focused on 20β‐hydroxy‐5α‐dihydroprogesterone (20β‐OHDHP), a C21s metabolized from progestin, and showed that 20β‐OHDHP is synthesized in PC cells and is able to directly stimulate the androgen receptor (AR).

Methods

LNCaP, VCaP, and DU145 cells, which express a mutant AR (mAR), wild‐type AR (wAR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), respectively, were incubated in the presence of several agents. After incubation, cell growth was determined by the MTS assay. PSA levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay, and C21s and androgen levels were measured using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and steroidal‐receptor‐related signaling was determined by a reporter assay.

Results

We affirmed that 20β‐OHDHP was synthesized from pregnenolone intracellularly in LNCaP and VCaP cells, and 20β‐OHDHP significantly promoted the growth of both cell lines without androgen conversion. 20β‐OHDHP directly stimulated both mAR and wAR. The presence of 20β‐OHDHP was sufficient for the proliferation and survival of LNCaP or VCaP cells, and 20β‐OHDHP promoted cell growth even in the presence of abiraterone. Using DU145 cells, we affirmed that 20β‐OHDHP did not stimulate GR, which has a potential to bypass AR signaling in PC cells promote PC cell growth.

Conclusions

Under ADT, 20β‐OHDHP synthesized intracellularly from accumulated progestin in PC cells may accelerate cell growth via stimulation of both wAR and mAR. This pathway may represent an interesting candidate for targeted therapy.
The mechanism of nucleotide‐binding domain dimerization in the intact maltose transporter as studied by all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Lin , Furuta Tadaomi , Sakurai Minoru
Published: December 2017

The Escherichia coli maltose transporter MalFGK2‐E belongs to the protein superfamily of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This protein is composed of heterodimeric transmembrane domains (TMDs) MalF and MalG, and the homodimeric nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs) MalK2. In addition to the TMDs and NBDs, the periplasmic maltose binding protein MalE captures maltose and shuttle it to the transporter. In this study, we performed all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the maltose transporter and found that both the binding of MalE to the periplasmic side of the TMDs and binding of ATP to the MalK2 are necessary to facilitate the conformational change from the inward‐facing state to the occluded state, in which MalK2 is completely dimerized. MalE binding suppressed the fluctuation of the TMDs and MalF periplasmic region (MalF‐P2), and thus prevented the incorrect arrangement of the MalF C‐terminal (TM8) helix. Without MalE binding, the MalF TM8 helix showed a tendency to intrude into the substrate translocation pathway, hindering the closure of the MalK2. This observation is consistent with previous mutagenesis experimental results on MalF and provides a new point of view regarding the understanding of the substrate translocation mechanism of the maltose transporter.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men
Authors: Okuyama Noriyuki , Obata Ryuichiro , Oka Nao , Nakamura Yusuke , Hattori Hiromitsu , Nakajo Yukiko , Aono Nobuya , Koizumi Masae , Toya Mayumi , Nagao Koichi , Tai Toshihiro , Hashimoto Tomoko , Igarashi Hideki , Kyono Koichi
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To find the best methods to achieve the highest pregnancy and birth rates for couples needing testicular sperm extraction (TESE)‐intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods

Retrospectively studied were 801 patients with male factor infertility who had undergone TESE‐ICSI between April, 1996 and July, 2016 and who had been categorized into four groups: obstructive azoospermia (OA); non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA); Klinefelter syndrome (KS); and cryptozoospermia (Crypt). The sperm retrieval rate, hormone levels, fertilization rate (FR), pregnancy rate (PR), and birth rate (BR) after ICSI among three groups were compared: fresh testicular sperm (FS)‐fresh oocytes (FO) (Group I); frozen‐thawed testicular sperm‐FO (Group II); and FS‐vitrified‐warmed oocytes (Group III).

Results

The testicular sperm recovery rate was 57.8% (463/801): 89.6% in the Crypt, 97.1% in the OA, 28.9% in the NOA, and 42.2% in the KS groups. The follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the NOA and KS groups and the testosterone levels were significantly lower in the KS group. The FR, PR, and BR were: 65.2%, 43.2%, and 28.5% in group I; 59.2%, 33.4%, and 18.7% in group II; and 56.4%, 33.8%, and 22.1% in group III.

Conclusion

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with FS‐FO achieved the best PR and BR. It should be considered what to do in cases with no testicular sperm by TESE. The authors hope that ICSI with donor sperm will be allowed in Japan in the near future.
Tetrafluoroborate and Hexafluorophosphate Ions are not Interchangeable: A Density Functional Theory Comparison of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Giron Rachel Guia P. , Ferguson Gregory S.
Published: December 2017

Due to their similarities in charge and composition, the tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) ions are often used interchangeably in chemical studies. As a result, the ability of BF4−, but not PF6−, to inhibit the hydrolysis of alkyl thiosulfates in non‐aqueous solution was surprising. This divergence in reactivity may reflect differences in the ability of these ions to form strong hydrogen bonds to hydronium ion, which catalyzes the hydrolysis, and prompted the current computational studies. Calculations using density functional theory (DFT) gave atomic partial charges, occupation numbers, and energies relevant to hydrogen bonding of these anions. Topological analysis using the Atoms‐in‐Molecule (AIM) method elucidated the nature of the interactions, and natural‐bonding‐orbital (NBO) analysis provided insight on the strength of hydrogen bonding within the different tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate complexes. The calculated second‐order perturbation energies (E(2)) revealed that BF4− and H3O+ formed stronger hydrogen bonds than did PF6− and H3O+, suggesting that clusters formed by the former pair are more stable.
Facile Synthesis of Dodecamine Organic Cage‐Based Monolithic Microreactor via Ring‐Opening Polymerization Following Spontaneous Reduction of Gold Ions for Continuous Flow Catalysis
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Ou Junjie , Chen Lianfang , Li Ya , Liu Zhongshan , Peng Xiaojun , Ye Mingliang
Published: December 2017

The reduction product of imine‐based porous organic cage CC1, namely dodecamine organic cage RCC1, was introduced as a novel crosslinker in fabrication of polymeric monolith by ring‐opening polymerization with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE). Due to the presence of amines in polymeric matrix, poly(RCC1‐co‐EGDGE) monoliths could be employed as dual functional reductant and stabilizer in the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on their surface by spontaneous reduction of Au3+ to Au0. The immobilized AuNPs, together with micrometer‐scale macropores of the monolith, provided the feasibility of continuous flow catalysis. Then AuNPs‐immobilized poly(RCC1‐co‐EGDGE) monolith (150 μm i.d. × 28 cm in length) was used as a catalytic microreactor in reduction of 8‐nitroquinoline to 8‐aminoquinoline. The reactant in the outflow completely disappeared, and high‐yield product could be conveniently collected, indicating the promising of RCC1‐based monolithic microreactor in catalysis.
Experimental and Chemometric Analysis on Attenuation of Emission with Optimized E‐Diesel Dual Fuel Blend
Authors: Natarajan Udhayakumar , Alagumalai Avinash
Published: December 2017

The notion of blending high reactivity fuel and low reactivity fuel inside the engine cylinder is one of the promising methods to produce ultra‐low oxides of nitrogen and smoke emissions. To visualize this, a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition engine of rated output power 4.4 kW has been used. In this work, the conventional engine is modified into dual fuel engine by injecting low reactivity fuel in the intake port at various premixed ratios (30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%) and at the pressure of 2 bar. On the other hand, the high reactivity fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber at a pressure of 250 bar. It was noted from the experimental work that fuel reactivity gradient controlled the combustion temperature and simultaneously reduced the formation of NOx and smoke emissions. However, the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions increased with increase in premixed ratios. In this work, chemometric analysis was also carried out to find the optimized fuel blend which exhibits closer emission characteristics as that of conventional diesel fuel.
Re: Risk of Cesarean scar defect following single‐ vs double‐layer uterine closure: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. A. Di Spiezio Sardo, G. Saccone, R. McCurdy, E. Bujold, G. Bifulco and V. Berghella. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 578–583.
Authors: Rozenberg P.
Published: December 2017

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 578–583
Tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Gali Julio , Camargo Danilo
Published: December 2017

Os autores descrevem uma atualização dos principais métodos de prevenção da trombose venosa profunda após artroplastia total do joelho, classificados em métodos mecânicos e farmacológicos. Reportam as principais drogas usadas, dosagem, riscos e benefícios comparativos.
Progress of genome‐wide association studies of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Li Zhixiu , Brown Matthew A
Published: December 2017

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an immune‐mediated arthritis which primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Significant progress has been made in discovery of genetic associations with AS by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) over past decade. These findings have uncovered novel pathways involved pathogenesis of the disease and have led to introduction of novel therapeutic treatments for AS. In this Review, we discuss the genetic variations associated with AS identified by GWAS, the major pathways revealed by these AS‐associated variations and critical cell types involved in AS development.
Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production
Authors: Reichardt Nicole , Vollmer Maren , Holtrop Grietje , Farquharson Freda M , Wefers Daniel , Bunzel Mirko , Duncan Sylvia H , Drew Janice E , Williams Lynda M , Milligan Graeme , Preston Thomas , Morrison Douglas , Flint Harry J , Louis Petra
Published: December 2017

The diet provides carbohydrates that are non-digestible in the upper gut and are major carbon and energy sources for the microbial community in the lower intestine, supporting a complex metabolic network. Fermentation produces the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have health-promoting effects for the human host. Here we investigated microbial community changes and SCFA production during in vitro batch incubations of 15 different non-digestible carbohydrates, at two initial pH values with faecal microbiota from three different human donors. To investigate temporal stability and reproducibility, a further experiment was performed 1 year later with four of the carbohydrates. The lower pH (5.5) led to higher butyrate and the higher pH (6.5) to more propionate production. The strongest propionigenic effect was found with rhamnose, followed by galactomannans, whereas fructans and several α- and β-glucans led to higher butyrate production. 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based quantitative PCR analysis of 22 different microbial groups together with 454 sequencing revealed significant stimulation of specific bacteria in response to particular carbohydrates. Some changes were ascribed to metabolite cross-feeding, for example, utilisation by Eubacterium hallii of 1,2-propanediol produced from fermentation of rhamnose by Blautia spp. Despite marked inter-individual differences in microbiota composition, SCFA production was surprisingly reproducible for different carbohydrates, indicating a level of functional redundancy. Interestingly, butyrate formation was influenced not only by the overall % butyrate-producing bacteria in the community but also by the initial pH, consistent with a pH-dependent shift in the stoichiometry of butyrate production.
In vivo redox metabolic imaging of mitochondria assesses disease progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Nakata Ryosuke , Hyodo Fuminori , Murata Masaharu , Eto Hinako , Nakaji Tomoko , Kawano Takahito , Narahara Sayoko , Yasukawa Keiji , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Tomikawa Morimasa , Hashizume Makoto
Published: December 2017

Given the rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both adults and children, the development of a non-invasive diagnostic method for assessing disease progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become an important research goal. Currently available non-invasive imaging technologies are only able to assess fat accumulation in the liver. Therefore, these methods are not suitable for a precise diagnosis of NASH. The standard diagnostic technique for NASH, liver biopsy, has several drawbacks, including the higher risk of complications that accompanies invasive procedures. Here, we demonstrated that in vivo mitochondrial redox metabolism was dramatically altered at an early stage, before histopathological changes, and NASH could be accurately diagnosed by in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization-magnetic resonance imaging, with carbamoyl-PROXYL as a molecular imaging probe. In addition, this technique was feasible for the diagnosis of NASH compared with histopathological findings from biopsies. Our data reveal a novel method for monitoring the dynamics of redox metabolic changes in NAFLD/NASH.
Evolutionary analysis of mumps viruses of genotype F collected in mainland China in 2001–2015
Authors: Cui Aili , Rivailler Pierre , Zhu Zhen , Deng Xiuying , Hu Ying , Wang Yan , Li Fangcai , Sun Zhaodan , He Jilan , Si Yuan , Tian Xiaoling , Zhou Shujie , Lei Yake , Zheng Huanying , Rota Paul A. , Xu Wenbo
Published: December 2017

Mumps incidence in mainland China remains at a high level. Genotype F has been the predominant genotype of mumps virus (MuV) in the last 20 years in mainland China. To better understand the genetic characteristics of MuV in China, the sequences of the Small Hydrophobic (SH), Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) genes of MuVs of genotype F collected during 2001–2015 were determined. The evolutionary rates of the HN and F genes were similar (0.5 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year) whereas the SH gene evolutionary rate was three times faster. The most recent common ancestor of genotype F was traced back to 1980. Four lineages were identified within HN and F MuV sequences. A phylogeographic analysis indicated that the genotype F viruses originally spread from the Liaoning and Shandong provinces followed by a spread to the South and East of China. This study provides important genetic baseline data for the development of prevention and control measures of mumps.
Selective carbon dioxide sorption and heterogeneous catalysis by a new 3D Zn-MOF with nitrogen-rich 1D channels
Authors: Kim Hyun-Chul , Huh Seong , Kim Sung-Jin , Kim Youngmee
Published: December 2017

We prepared a new C2h-symmetric bridging ligand, 3,3′-(pyrazine-2,5-diyl)dibenzoic acid (3,3′-PDBA), through a Suzuki coupling reaction. 3,3′-PDBA contains a central pyrazine ring instead of the phenyl ring of 3,3′-terphenyldicarboxylic acid (3,3′-TPDC). Despite the geometrical similarity of the two bridging ligands, the reaction between Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and 3,3′-PDBA in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) yielded a structurally different Zn-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF). The Zn-MOF, [Zn2(3,3′-PDBA)2(DABCO)1.5]·2DMF·H2O, had two-dimensional (2D) layers, and the interlocked 2D layers formed a porous 3D framework. Interestingly, one of the two available N atoms of DABCO remained intact. The uncoordinated N atoms of the dangling DABCO ligand and the pyrazinyl N atoms of the 3,3′-PDBA bridging ligand were fully exposed toward the 1D channels. Therefore, the 1D channels represented a highly nitrogen-rich environment. Gas sorption analysis indicated that the Zn-MOF was selective for adsorption of CO2 at 196 K over N2 (77 K) and H2 (77 K). The exceptionally high zero surface coverage heat of CO2 adsorption (Qst = 79.5 kJ mol−1) was attributable to the openly accessible multiple Lewis basic sites in the nitrogen-rich 1D channels. Zn-MOF also showed good Lewis base catalytic activities in three model aldol-type reactions with good recyclability due to chemically accessible 3° amine sites.
Aerobic oxidative acylation of nitroarenes with arylacetic esters under mild conditions: facile access to diarylketones
Authors: Li Jiang-Sheng , Yang Qian , Yang Fan , Chen Guo-Qin , Li Zhi-Wei , Kuang Yin-Jie , Zhang Wei-Jing , Huang Peng-Mian
Published: December 2017

A regioselectivet-BuONa-mediated aerobic oxidative acylation of nitroarenes under mild conditions is developed through a cascade CDC/oxidative decarboxylation process.
Aerogels of hierarchically porous syndiotactic polystyrene with a dielectric constant near to air
Authors: Joseph Angel Mary , Nagendra Baku , Shaiju P. , Surendran K. P. , Gowd E. Bhoje
Published: December 2017

Syndiotactic polystyrene aerogels with hierarchical micro, meso and macroporosity possess an ultra low dielectric constant very near to air.
Scar Revision: Surgical and Nonsurgical Options
Authors: Kadakia Sameep , Jategaonkar Ameya , Chan David , Ducic Yadranko
Published: December 2017

Facial scarring represents a challenging issue for the facial plastic surgeon owing to the unpredictable and variable nature of scar formation. The psychologic, cosmetic, and functional implications of facial scars oftentimes necessitate revision. It is important for the facial plastic surgeon to be aware of the invasive and noninvasive options to best educate patients in terms of treatment modalities. As there are multiple options available with no single option touted as superior, management of expectations and patient motivation will allow for realistic treatment planning with the greatest change of success.
Die Bedeutung von Polymorphismen in MICA und anderen Genen des NKG2D-Signalwegs für die hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation
Authors: Dressel Ralf
Published: December 2017

Eine Reihe von retrospektiven klinischen Studien aus den letzten Jahren haben das hochpolymorphe Gen MICA als bedeutsam für das Ergebnis allogener hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantationen identifiziert. MICA ist ein durch zellulären Stress induzierbarer Ligand des aktivierenden NK-Rezeptors NKG2D. Der NKG2D-Signalweg triggert die zytotoxische Aktivität von NK-Zellen. NKG2D kann aber auch als costimulatorisches Molekül zur Aktivierung naiver CD8+-T-Zellen beitragen. Die MICA-Allele können abhängig von der kodierten Aminosäureposition 129 (Valin oder Methionin) in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt werden, deren Proteinprodukte sich in der Effizienz der Aktivierung des NKG2D-Signalwegs unterscheiden. Entsprechend zeigten einige Studien Effekte des MICA-129-Genotyps in Patienten auf die Risiken der Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), eines Rezidivs einer malignen Grunderkrankung oder das Überleben nach Transplantation. Andere Studien berichteten ein geringeres Risiko für eine GvHD oder eine höhere Chance des Überlebens, wenn eine Übereinstimmung der MICA-Allele oder des MICA-129-Genotyps zwischen Spender und Empfänger vorlag. Funktionell relevante Polymorphismen im NKG2D kodierenden Gen KLRK1 und in ULBP6, einem weiteren NKG2D-Liganden, wurden ebenfalls als Einflussfaktoren für das Ergebnis der Transplantation identifiziert. Tierexperimente zeigten, dass der NKG2D-Signalweg sowohl GvHD als auch Graft-versus-Tumor-Reaktionen verstärkt. Durch eine nur vorübergehende Gabe von Anti-NKG2D-Antikörpern konnte selektiv die Schwere der GvHD vermindert werden. Die Polymorphismen von MICA und anderen Genen des NKG2D-Signalwegs könnten daher in Zukunft relevant werden für die Auswahl von besonders geeigneten Spendern oder für die Risikoadaptierung von Transplantationsprotokollen.
Corrigendum to: It’s more than money: policy options to secure medical specialist workforce for regional centres
Authors: May Jennifer , Walker Judi , McGrail Mathew , Rolley Fran
Published: December 2017

Objectives
Regional centres and their rural hinterlands support significant populations of non-metropolitan Australians. Despite their importance in the settlement hierarchy and the key medical services provided from these centres, little research has focused on their issues of workforce supply and long-term service requirements. In addition, they are a critical component of the recent growth of ‘regional’ hub-and-spoke specialist models of service delivery.Methods
The present study interviewed 62 resident specialists in four regional centres, seeking to explore recruitment and retention factors important to their location decision making. The findings were used to develop a framework of possible evidence-informed policies.Results
This article identifies key professional, social and locational factors, several of which are modifiable and amenable to policy redesign, including work variety, workplace culture, sense of community and spousal employment; these factors that can be targeted through initiatives in selection, training and incentives.Conclusions
Commonwealth, state and local governments in collaboration with communities and specialist colleges can work synergistically, with a multiplicity of interdigitating strategies, to ensure a positive approach to the maintenance of a critical mass of long-term rural specialists.What is known about the topic?
Rural origin increases likelihood of long-term retention to rural locations, with rural clinical school training associated with increased rural intent. Recruitment and retention policy has been directed at general practitioners in rural communities, with little focus on regional centres or medical specialists.What does this study add?
Rural origin is associated with regional centre recruitment. Professional, social and locational factors are all moderately important in both recruitment and retention. Specialist medical training for regional centres ideally requires both generalist and subspecialist skills sets. Workforce policy needs to address modifiable factors with four groups, namely commonwealth and state governments, specialist medical colleges and local communities, all needing to align their activities for achievement of long-term medical workforce outcomes.What are the implications for practitioners?
Modifiable factors affecting recruitment and retention must be addressed to support specialist models of care in regional centres. Modifiable factors relate to maintenance of a critical mass of practitioners, training a fit-for-purpose workforce and coordinated effort between stakeholders. Although remuneration is important, the decision to stay relates primarily to non-financial factors.
Making sense of political ideology in mediatized political
communication
Authors: Kissas Angelos
Published: December 2017

Political discourse becomes more and more ‘mediatized’ nowadays but, as I argue
in this article, mediatization should be considered neither as a testament to
‘de-ideologization’ nor as a restyling of the ‘inherently ideological’
contemporary political communication. Ideology, I claim, is a potentiality of
mediatized political discourse and as such, it rests with the generic capacity
of the latter to recontextualize symbolisms from the institutional past serving
the ordering of the institutional present. How is the recontextualization of
symbolic meanings facilitated by the aesthetic and affective qualities of
different media genres? In what ways does recontextualized discourse serve the
neoliberal order of the present? Lying at the heart of the ideological analysis
of political communication, these are questions which can be insightfully
addressed through a discourse analytics of mediatization as the one I apply here
on two political advertisements from the Greek general election of January
2015.
Numerical Simulation of single-stage axial fan operation under dusty flow conditions
Authors: Minkov L L , Pikushchak E V
Published: December 2017

Assessment of the aerodynamic efficiency of the single-stage axial flow fan under dusty flow conditions based on a numerical simulation using the computational package Ansys-Fluent is proposed. The influence of dust volume fraction on the dependences of the air volume flow rate and the pressure drop on the rotational speed of rotor is demonstrated. Matching functions for formulas describing a pressure drop and volume flow rate in dependence on the rotor speed and dust content are obtained by numerical simulation for the single-stage axial fan. It is shown that the aerodynamic efficiency of the single-stage axial flow fan decreases exponentially with increasing volume content of dust in the air.
Breakthrough revisited: investigating the requirements for growth of dust beyond the bouncing barrier
Authors: Booth Richard A , Meru Farzana , Lee Man Hoi , Clarke Cathie J
Published: December 2017

For grain growth to proceed effectively and lead to planet formation, a number of barriers to growth must be overcome. One such barrier, relevant for compact grains in the inner regions of the disc, is the ‘bouncing barrier’ in which large grains (∼mm size) tend to bounce off each other rather than sticking. However, by maintaining a population of small grains, it has been suggested that cm-size particles may grow rapidly by sweeping up these small grains. We present the first numerically resolved investigation into the conditions under which grains may be lucky enough to grow beyond the bouncing barrier by a series of rare collisions leading to growth (so-called ‘breakthrough’). Our models support previous results, and show that in simple models breakthrough requires the mass ratio at which high-velocity collisions transition to growth instead of causing fragmentation to be low, ϕ ≲ 50. However, in models that take into account the dependence of the fragmentation threshold on mass ratio, we find that breakthrough occurs more readily, even if mass transfer is relatively inefficient. This suggests that bouncing may only slow down growth, rather than preventing growth beyond a threshold barrier. However, even when growth beyond the bouncing barrier is possible, radial drift will usually prevent growth to arbitrarily large sizes.
Koebner Phenomenon Triggered by External Dacryocystorhinostomy Scar in a Patient With Psoriasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ganguly Anasua Kapoor , Laghimsetty Srujana , Bhagyalakshmi Nirupama
Published: December 2017

Koebner phenomenon is the development of isomorphic pathologic lesions on a wound of a patient with preexisting cutaneous disease, most commonly psoriasis. An elderly male with palmoplantar psoriasis developed periocular psoriasis in the form of blepharitis and conjunctivitis following an external dacryocystorhinostomy as a manifestation of Koebner phenomenon. Immediate diagnosis and treatment with topical steroids led to complete recovery. Thus, the authors report the first case of Koebner phenomenon in ophthalmic literature, with a review of previously published postsurgical cases of Koebnerization in psoriasis patients. All surgeons should be aware of its existence and warn susceptible patients regarding its occurrence.
Cardiac Toxicity After Craniospinal Irradiation: A Late Effect That May be Eliminated With Proton Therapy
Authors: Welch Gabrielle D. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Fisher Michael J. , Hill-Kayser Christine E.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is commonly required for pediatric patients with central nervous system malignancies. Traditionally, CSI is given using x-rays to deliver radiation to the brain and spine, exposing normal anterior structures, including heart, to unnecessary radiation.

Observations:

We present a patient treated with x-ray CSI for medulloblastoma with spinal metastasis (3600 cGy CSI with focal boost to 5000 cGy), who subsequently developed significant cardiac toxicity, likely related to radiation exposure.

Conclusions:

Spinal irradiation can cause significant cardiac risk due to exit dose through anterior structures. This toxicity may be avoided with proton therapy, which eliminates visceral exit dose.
An open resource for nonhuman primate imaging
Authors: Milham Michael P. , Ai Lei , Koo Bonhwang , Xu Ting , Balezeau Fabien , Baxter Mark G. , Croxson Paula L. , Damatac Christienne G. , Harel Noam , Freiwald Winrich , Griffiths Timothy D. , Everling Stefan , Jung Benjamin , Kastner Sabine , Leopold David A. , Mars Rogier B. , Menon Ravi S. , Messinger Adam , Morrison John H. , Nacef Jennifer , Nagy Jamie , Rios Michael Ortiz , Petkov Christopher I. , Pinsk Mark , Poirier Colline , Rajimehr Reza , Rushworth Matthew F.S , Russ Brian E. , Schmid Michael , Schwiedrzik Caspar M. , Sallet Jerome , Seidlitz Jakob , Ungerleider Leslie , Thiele Alexander , Tsao Doris , Yacoub Essa , Ye Frank , Zarco Wilbert , Margulies Daniel S. , Schroeder Charles
Published: December 2017

Non-human primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing area of research that promises to transform and scale translational and cross-species comparative neuroscience.

Unfortunately, the technological and methodological advances of the past two decades have outpaced the accrual of data, which is particularly challenging given the relatively few centers that have the necessary facilities and capabilities. The PRIMate Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) addresses this challenge by aggregating independently acquired non-human primate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and openly sharing them via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI). Here, we present the rationale, design and procedures for the PRIME-DE consortium, as well as the initial release, consisting of 13 independent data collections aggregated across 11 sites (total = 98 macaque monkeys). We also outline the unique pitfalls and challenges that should be considered in the analysis of the non-human primate MRI datasets, including providing automated quality assessment of the contributed datasets.
SelexGLM differentiates androgen and glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding preference over an extended binding site
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Martini Gabriella D. , Rube H. Tomas , Kribelbauer Judith F. , Rastogi Chaitanya , FitzPatrick Vincent D. , Houtman Jon C. , Bussemaker Harmen J. , Pufall Miles A.
Published: December 2017

The DNA-binding interfaces of the androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors are virtually identical, yet these transcription factors share only about a third of their genomic binding sites and regulate similarly distinct sets of target genes. To address this paradox, we determined the intrinsic specificities of the AR and GR DNA-binding domains using a refined version of SELEX-seq. We developed an algorithm, SelexGLM, that quantifies binding specificity over a large (31-bp) binding site by iteratively fitting a feature-based generalized linear model to SELEX probe counts. This analysis revealed that the DNA-binding preferences of AR and GR homodimers differ significantly, both within and outside the 15-bp core binding site. The relative preference between the two factors can be tuned over a wide range by changing the DNA sequence, with AR more sensitive to sequence changes than GR. The specificity of AR extends to the regions flanking the core 15-bp site, where isothermal calorimetry measurements reveal that affinity is augmented by enthalpy-driven readout of poly(A) sequences associated with narrowed minor groove width. We conclude that the increased specificity of AR is correlated with more enthalpy-driven binding than GR. The binding models help explain differences in AR and GR genomic binding and provide a biophysical rationale for how promiscuous binding by GR allows functional substitution for AR in some castration-resistant prostate cancers.
Administrative ironies and DHS performance reporting
Authors: Herzog Richard J. , Counts Katie S.
Published: December 2017

Objectivism is the critical lens used to view organizational communication of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Government Performance Results Modernization Act of 2010 changed requirements for such communication by mandating that agencies like DHS emphasize performance goals and targets to be achieved in the upcoming years in their performance reporting. Interpretivism is the sense-making lens used to view changes in performance reporting. This study focuses on performance target reductions, new performance measures, and retired performance measures documented in a DHS annual report. Nineteen performance measures were selected and discussed from empirical interpretivist and institutional interpretivist lenses. When intepretivism cannot match what is reported with what would appear to be logical, administrative ironies are established.
Sacrificing youth for a fabricated humanity: Governance, youth, and onto-theology in the cabin in the woods
Authors: Mayo Andrea E.
Published: December 2017

This paper analyzes Drew Goddard and Joss Whedon's recent film, Cabin in the Woods (2012), using Thomas J. Catlaw's Fabricating the People (2007), to illustrate the precarious position of youth at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The author argues that just as the film requires young people to sacrifice themselves for the good of humanity, recent political events ask young people to sacrifice their well-being for the sake of neo-liberalism. Throughout the film, youth refuse the sacrificial logic of the Director, choosing instead a “logic of subtraction.” While the film seemingly ends with the nihilistic end of the world, when viewed through the lens of Fabricating the People it may also offer a hopeful suggestion for how young people can resist and change oppressive systems of governance.
Value creation through executive diversity
Authors: Haggard Dana L. , Haggard K. Stephen
Published: December 2017

We examined stock market reactions to announcements of CEO appointments as a proxy for the perceived value created by these appointments. We examined differences in market reactions to the appointments of minority and women CEOs compared to white males. Our results indicate additional value creation through the appointment of African- American CEOs, but not through the appointment of female or Hispanic CEOs. We provide a potential explanation for this differential valuation of differing types of diversity.
Job satisfaction versus job engagement: A comparative analysis on perceptions of accountability and turnover
Authors: Daley Dennis M.
Published: December 2017

Job satisfaction assesses extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, leading to productivity. Job engagement internalizes an organizationʼs mission. Job engagement focuses an individualʼs efforts towards achieving meaningful results. Conceptually, job engagement must (1) establish the link between job engagement and organizational outcomes and (2) offer substantially more than currently provided by job satisfaction. Job engagement must be better than a common placebo or only a marginal improvement over job satisfaction. The Federal Employee View Survey (2013) includes global satisfaction and Job engagement indexes. Job satisfaction and job engagement are used as independent variables linked to productivity outcomes (accountability) and exit (intent to leave). Global satisfaction clearly provides a useful measure for productivity outcomes and exit. Job engagement adds usefully with regard to the accountability productivity outcome. However, using both constructs introduces redundancy.