bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter arterial embolization of severe blunt liver injury in hemodynamically unstable patients: a retrospective 15-year study
Authors: Tamura Satoshi , Kashimi Fumie , Maruhashi Takaaki , Kurihara Yutaro , Masuda Tomonari , Hanajima Tasuku , Kataoka Yuuichi , Asari Yasushi
Published: July 2020

Background Non-operative management with Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE) was the first line of treatment for severe blunt liver injury in hemodynamically stable patients, but in the case of hemodynamically unstable, Operative management(OM) was recommended. We evaluated the efficacy of TAE in our hospital where intervention radiology was available 24 hours a day if the patient responds to initial infusion therapy even unstable.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of severe blunt liver injury of AAST Organ Injury Scale(OIS) grade 3–5 transported to our hospital between 2005 and 2019. If the patient responded to initial infusion therapy, even though hemodynamically unstable(Shock Index ≧ 1), CT was taken and initial treatment was decided. We compared patients who underwent OM or TAE on initial treatment.Results 62 patients were included (8 OM, 54 TAE), with a mean ISS of 26.6, in hospital mortality of 6%(13% OM VS 6% TAE, p = 0.50), hemodynamically unstable of 35% (88% OM VS 28% TAE, p < 0.01) and Time from Door to start OM/TAE 81.8 min(120.0 OM VS 76.1 TAE, p = 0.02). Unstable patients who undergo TAE were associated with 7% in hospital mortality and 7% clnical failure. After logistic regression the choice of treatment was not a predictor of outcome, the predictor of in-hospital mortality death was GCS on arrival(OR0.48, P < 0.01), hemodynamically unstable was independent predictor of duration of ICU ≧ 7 days(OR 3.80, p = 0.05) and massive blood transfusion(OR 7.25, p = 0.01). the predictor of complication was OIS grade4-5(OR 6.61 p < 0.01).Conclusions The strategy of performing TAE even in the presence of hemodynamically unstable in a facility where TAE can be performed promptly was acceptable mortality and clinical failure. The choice of treatment did not affect the outcome, and hemodynamically unstable and OIS affected the prognosis.
A DNA Methylation-based Test for Esophageal Cancer Detection
Authors: Salta Sofia , Macedo-Silva Catarina , Miranda-Gonçalves Vera , Lopes Nair , Gigliano Davide , Guimarães Rita , Farinha Mónica , Sousa Olga , Henrique Rui , Jeronimo Carmen
Published: July 2020

Background
Esophageal cancer (ECa) is the 7th most incident cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer-related death. Most patients are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease, enduring poor survival. Biomarkers enabling early cancer detection may improve patient management, treatment effectiveness and survival are urgently needed. In this context, epigenetic-based biomarkers such as DNA methylation are potential candidates.
Methods
Herein, we sought to identify and validate DNA methylation-based biomarkers for early detection and prediction of response to therapy in ECa patients. Promoter methylation levels were assessed in a series of treatment-naïve ECa, post-neoadjuvant treatment ECa and normal esophagus tissues, using quantitative methylation-specific PCR for COL14A1, GPX3, and ZNF569.
Results
ZNF569 methylation (ZNF569me) levels significantly differed between ECa and normal samples. Moreover, COL14A1 methylation (COL14A1me) and GPX3 methylation (GPX3me) levels discriminated adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively, from normal samples. COL14A1me & ZNF569me accurately identified adenocarcinomas (82.29%) whereas GPX3me & ZNF569me identified squamous cell carcinomas with 81.73% accuracy. Furthermore, ZNF569me and GPX3me levels significantly differed between normal and pre-treated ECa.
Conclusion
The biomarker potential of a specific panel of methylated genes for ECa was confirmed. These might prove useful for early detection and might allow for identification of minimal residual disease after adjuvant therapy.
Site of Relapse of the Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas affects Survival after Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Safi Sami Alexander , Lehwald Nadja , Rehders Alexander , Haeberle Lena Julia , Keitel Verena , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo
Published: July 2020

Background
The ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. To date, no guidelines exists for isolated resectable metachronous disease. It is still unclear, which patients may benefit from relapse surgery. The aim of our study was to compare disease free survival (DFS) and relapse specific survival (RSS) in patients with isolated local recurrence, metachronous hepatic or pulmonary metastases.
Methods
Patients with isolated resectable metachronous disease of either local recurrence, hepatic or pulmonary metastases were included for survival analyses. RSS of surgically treated patients (local (n = 11), hepatic (n = 6) and pulmonary metastases (n = 11)) were compared to conservative treated patients (local (n = 20), hepatic (n = 49) and pulmonary metastases (n = 14)).
Results
Patients with isolated metachronous hepatic metastases showed a higher T-stage and hepatic M-stage in the primary staging of the previous resected PDAC when compared to the other patients. DFS before diagnosed pulmonary metastases was longer compared to DFS before diagnosed hepatic metastases or local recurrence. Surgical resection only significantly improved RSS in patients with local recurrence or pulmonary metastases, when compared to patients after chemotherapy. Long-term survivors (> 5 years) were only detected after surgery for isolated local recurrence and 45% of these patients were still alive in our study.
Conclusion
Although DFS before diagnosed isolated local recurrence was dismal and comparable to patients with isolated hepatic metastases, long-term survivors were only detected in this group, recommending a surgical approach if resectability is provided.
The relationship between time to surgery(TTS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)and survival in breast cancer patients: meta-analysis
Authors: Su YongCheng , Zheng XiaoGang
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of delaying surgery in operable breast tumor patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on survival.METHODS: An electronic literature retrieval was conducted on PubMed/Medline and EMBASE((between January 2000 and June 2020).The primary end point was overall survival(OS),secondary end points included disease-free survival (DFS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS).The HR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model.RESULTS: The combined HR for OS was 1.52(95% CI 1.29-1.78; P = 0.000) by fixed-effects model.No statistically significant heterogeneity was found (P=0.114;I2=39.8%).The pooled HR for RFS/DFS was 1.47 (95%CI: 1.27- 1.71,I2=61.9%) by random-effects model, with significant heterogeneity.CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis revealed a significant adverse association between longer TTS after NAC and more inferior OS and RFS/DFS in patients with breast cancer.Clinicians and patients should minimize surgical delay after NAC as much as possible.
Feasibility of a quality improvement project with an interrupted time series design to increase adherence to evidence-based pulmonary embolism diagnosis in the emergency department.
Authors: Germini Federico , Hu Yang , Afzal Sarah , Niaz Saghar , Chan Teresa , Clayton Natasha , Mondoux Shawn , Thabane Lehana , de Wit Kerstin
Published: July 2020

Background: Many evidence-based clinical decision tools are available for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, these clinical decision tools have had suboptimal uptake in the everyday clinical practice in emergency departments (EDs), despite numerous implementation efforts. We aimed to test the feasibility of a multi-faceted intervention to implement an evidence-based PE diagnosis protocol.Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series study in three EDs in Ontario, Canada. We enrolled consecutive adult patients accessing the ED with suspected PE from January 1, 2018 to February 28, 2020. Components of the intervention were: clinical leadership endorsement; a new pathway for PE testing; physician education; personalized confidential physician feedback, and collection of patient outcome information. The intervention was implemented in November 2019. We identified six criteria for defining the feasibility outcome: successful implementation of the intervention in at least two of the three sites; capturing data on ≥ 80% of all CTPAs ordered in the EDs; timely access to electronic data; rapid manual data extraction with feedback preparation before the end of the month ≥ 80% of the time; time required for manual data extraction and feedback preparation ≤ 2 day per week in total.Results: The intervention was successfully implemented in two out of three sites. 5,094 and 899 patients were tested for PE in the period before and after the intervention, respectively. We captured data from 90% of CTPAs ordered in the EDs, and we accessed the required electronic data. The manual data extraction and individual emergency physician audit and feedback were consistently finalized before the end of each month. The time required for manual data extraction and feedback preparation was ≤ 2 days per week (14 hours).Conclusions: We proved the feasibility of implementing an evidence-based PE diagnosis protocol in two EDs. We were not successful implementing the protocol in the third ED.Registration: The study was not registered.
The Allele Frequency Variation of Autosomal 19 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Loci in Drug Abuser: A Pilot Study
Authors: LIN xia , ZHANG xiaoyan , SU qin , Jin Bo
Published: July 2020

Backgrounds: Substance use disorders (SUDs) refers to drug abuse of 10 separate classes impacting seriously mental health.Objective: This study aims to explore the genetic polymorphism of the 19 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D19S433, D5S818, D21S11, D18S51, D6S1043, D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, VWA, D8S1179, TPOX, Penta E, TH01, D12S391, D2S1338, and FGA) and the risk genetic factors of substance use disorders(SUDs).Methods: The capillary electrophoresis was applied to analyze 19 STR loci in 156 drug abusers. The data of 6,134 healthy people in a previous study were applied to contrast as the control group. The differences in the frequency of the gene were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: The gene distributions of 19 STR in drug addicts were consistent with hereditary rules. The frequency of vWA, FGA, Penta E was significantly different between the drug abuser and the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The 19 STR loci might provide highly informative polymorphic data for addicted genetic studies. Furthermore, there might be a predisposing gene for the drug abuser.
Early clearance of serum HE4 and CA125 in predicting platinum sensitive and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Rong Yan , Li Li
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To assess the clinical value of early clearance of HE4 and CA125 for platinum sensitive and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancerMethod: HE4 and CA125 value including clinical data of 89 patients with ovarian cancer were collected. The clearance of HE4 and CA125 were assessed base on the platinum sensitivity, two-year PFS, PFS and OS.Results: 16 patients were classified as platinum resistant and 73 as platinum sensitive according to the response to platinum-base chemotherapy. when HE4 clearance after 3rd cycle chemotherapy or CA125 clearance after 1st cycle chemotherapy, it gave the highest AUC of 0.788, with 100% of sensitivity and 57.5% of specificity respectively between platinum resistant and platinum sensitive group. In addition, 59 patients were classified as two-year PFS group and 30 as not achieved two-year PFS group according to obtaining two-year PFS or not. It gave the highest AUC of 0.730, with 83.3% of sensitivity and 62.7% of specificity respectively when HE4 clearance after 3rd cycle chemotherapy or CA125 clearance after 1st cycle. The prolonged PFS and OS were significantly associated by the clearance of HE4 after 3rd cycle chemotherapy (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) as well as CA125 after 1st cycle chemotherapy (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Our data suggest that the early clearance of HE4 and CA125 could predict platinum response and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Monitoring the HE4 and CA125 during first-line chemotherapy might be helpful in predicting platinum sensitive and risk to progress and relapse.
Effect of increased intake of milk replacer in young calves on growth and the neonatal mode of action of IGF-I.
Authors: Matsuzaki Masatoshi , Kamiya Mitsuru , Darroch Craig Stuart , Orito Hideki , Kamiya Yuko , Nakamura Yoshi-Nori , Tsuneishi Eisaku
Published: July 2020

Background Optimizing growth and rumen development of calves in the preweaning period can lead to reduced costs of raising replacement heifers, bulls and fattening beef cattle. In the neonatal period, the quantity and quality of milk replacer consumed by calves directly impacts their growth, development and maturational changes in the somatotropic axis. This study evaluated the effects of plane of nutrition in neonatal calves on growth, development of the somatotropic axis and mode of action of IGF-I. Eight Holstein bull calves (3–4 days old) were fed either a low (LM, average 0.63 kg DM/d) or high (HM, average 1.15 kg DM/d) level of a 28% crude protein milk replacer until slaughtered at 41–42 days old.Results Compared to LM calves, calves on the HM diet had heavier (P < 0.01) body, carcass and semitendinosus muscle weights at slaughter. At three weeks of age, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations rose more rapidly in HM calves and were significantly higher at three, four and six weeks of age compared to LM calves. IGF-I mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.01) in liver, and lower (P < 0.01) in longissimus dorsi muscle in HM calves compared to LM calves. Growth hormone and IGF-I receptor mRNA levels in liver and muscle were not affected by plane of nutrition.Conclusions Increasing intake of a high-protein milk replacer in suckling calves improved growth rate in the preweaning period. The higher plane of nutrition promoted a shift towards an endocrine mode of IGF-I action and a decline in the autocrine/paracrine IGF-I control of muscle growth.
Intervene effect on Streptococcus suis biofilm formation of emodin extracted from Rheum officinale Baill
Authors: Tang Yang , Bai Jingwen , Yang Yu , Bai Xuedong , Bello-Onaghise God’spower , Xu Yaqin , Li Yanhua
Published: July 2020

Background

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes serious systemic infections in pigs and humans. It is a great threat to pig breeding and public health safety. The formation of biofilm was one of the main reasons that it’s difficult to cure. Rhubarb water extract can inhibit the formation of biofilm of Streptococcus suis, but the main functional ingredient was not clear. And what’s the potential mechanism of emodin intervene the biofilm formation? Importantly, the gene expression of luxS of Streptococcus suis was significantly decreased with emodin treatment, if there is a possibility that emodin could combine with LuxS protein which in turn inhibit the formation of biofilm?
Methods

Optimization of green ultrasonic extraction of emodin from R. officinale by Response Surface Methodology. The activity of antibacterial was evaluated by MIC assay. And the ability that intervene biofilm formation was evaluated through Crystal violet staining and SEM. The combination mode between emodin and LuxS protein was identified through molecular docking.
Results

The optimum extraction conditions (ethanol concentration of 80%, extraction time of 21 min, and liquid to solid ratio of 12.5:1 mL/g) were determined through the interaction analysis of different influencing factors and model verification experiment. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RUEP against S.suis was 15.625 µg·mL-1, and sub-inhibitory concentrations of RUEP (1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 MIC) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of S. suis. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that RUEP can damage the layered colony community structure in biofilm and effectively intervene in the biofilm formation of Streptococcus suis. Through molecular docking analyzed, the inhibition of biofilm formation could be realized through the formation of hydrogen bond with residues His14 and Glu 60, π-π staking with His61、Phe80 and hydrophobic interaction with Cys127.
Conclusion

Through our study, we found emodin have good antibacterial and antibiofilm formation properties and the potential mechanism of emodin intervention on biofilm formation of Streptococcus suis was inferred.
The Association between Self-reported Osteoporosis and Chinese Medicine-Constitution Questionnaire – A Cross-Sectional Taiwan Biobank Study
Authors: Yang Hsien-Hui , Chen Chih-Sheng , Lo Hsin-Yi , Ho Chien-Yi , Kao Chia-Hung , Ho Tin-Yun , Yang Tse-Yen
Published: July 2020

Background: Constitutional medicine was as an example of earlier medicine evidence of Chinese Medicine (CM). CM-Constitutional Questionnaire (CM-CQ) commonly considered as the observed various phenotypes as phenome. However, the comprehensive associations between self-reported disease outcomes and questionnaires of CM-CQ remained uncertain. Methods: Taiwan Biobank has begun the collection of these cancer-free volunteers, aged 30-70 with these questionnaires, self-reported disease history, clinical examinations, and genetic information from 2012 as baseline enrollment. This community-, cross-sectional study was conducted by part of Taiwan Biobank and compared the associations among CM-CQ, which reflect these constitutional variables as individual markers.Results: The present study conducted by using 1,998 volunteers (2 withdraw) from Taiwan Biobank. Which separately assessed the associations among 32 diseases and 44 items of CM-CQ questions using the binomial logistic regression model. There were 6 CM-CQ questions with a significant association of self-reported osteoporosis in all CM-CQ. Interestingly, we found that these 6 CM-CQ questions shown a significant association with osteoporosis, even which adjusted with false discovery rate (adjusted p <0.05). The Q1, Q22, and Q37 demonstrated with considerably adjusted p-value and the other CM-CQ, which involved in Q14, Q16, and Q21 shown borderline relation to self-reported osteoporosis, which was existed less residual effect with smoking and drinking habits. Conclusion: This study generated real-world evidence of national biobank for clarified associations between clinical symptom and self-reported diseases. The exploration of self-reported disease-related CM-CQ for further companion diagnostic indicators via comprehensive community-based Taiwan Biobank study should be a possibility.
Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Seven to Nine Year Old Children
Authors: Weisstaub Gerardo , Gonzalez Maria Angelica , Hermoso Antonio Garcia , Salazar Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Background

Obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of cardio-metabolic risk and physical fitness in school children from Santiago de Chile.
Methods

Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Fitness was measured using the six-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by hand grip and standing lung jump. Overweight (≥ 1 SD) and obesity (≥ 2 SD) were determined by body mass index. A cross sectional study was done in 452 children (185 boys and 267 girls), age range (7–9 years). Cardio-metabolic-risk (serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, insulin) and waist for height ratio was expressed as z score. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple and logistic regression.
Results

A 21% were obese and 27% overweight. Children with high body fat and low cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength had an OR of 6.8-fold (IC 95% 3.4 to 13.9) cardiometabolic risk z-score, compared to those most fit.
Conclusion

School children with higher body fat and lower physical fitness had increased cardio-metabolic-risk-score. No significant difference in cardio-metabolic risk in the non-obese children was found independent of their physical fitness.
Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Predict Glucobrassicin Concentrations in Cabbage and Brussels Sprout Leaf Tissue
Authors: Renner Ilse , Fritz Vincent
Published: July 2020

BackgroundGlucobrassicin (GBS) and its hydrolysis product indole-3-carbinol are important nutritional constituents implicated in cancer chemoprevention. Dietary consumption of vegetables sources of GBS, such as cabbage and Brussels sprouts, is linked to tumor suppression, carcinogen excretion, and cancer-risk reduction. High-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) is the current standard GBS identification method, and quantification is based on UV-light absorption in comparison to known standards or via mass spectrometry. These analytical techniques require expensive equipment, trained laboratory personnel, hazardous chemicals, and they are labor intensive. A rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive quantification method is needed to accelerate the adoption of GBS-enhancing production systems. Such an analytical method would allow producers to quantify the quality of their products and give plant breeders a high-throughput phenotyping tool to increase the scale of their breeding programs for high GBS-accumulating varieties. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) paired with partial least squares regression (PLSR) could be a useful tool to develop such a method. ResultsHere we demonstrate that GBS concentrations of freeze-dried tissue from a wide variety of cabbage and Brussels sprouts can be predicted using partial least squares regression from NIRS data generated from wavelengths between 950 and 1650 nm. Cross-validation models had R2=0.75 with RPD=2.3 for predicting µmol GBS·100g-1 fresh weight and R2=0.80 with RPD=2.4 for predicting µmol GBS·g-1 dry weight. Inspections of equation loadings suggest the molecular associations used in modeling may be due to first overtones from O-H stretching and/or N-H stretching of amines. ConclusionsA calibration model suitable for screening GBS concentration of freeze-dried leaf tissue using NIRS-generated data paired with PLSR can be created for cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Optimal NIRS wavelength ranges for calibration remain an open question.
Racial Differences in Lifestyle, Demographic, and Health Factors Associated with Quality of Life (QoL) in Midlife Women
Authors: Smith Brandi Patrice , Cardoso-Mendoza Esmeralda , Flaws Jodi A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Smith Rebecca Lee
Published: July 2020

Background
Quality of Life (QoL) is a major indicator of an individual’s overall health. Only a few studies have examined the racial differences between QoL, and risk factors associated with health, demographics, and lifestyle in midlife women. Thus, the purpose of our study is to determine racial differences in QoL in menopausal women due to lifestyle, demographic, and health related factors.
Methods
A stratified ordinal logistic regression model was applied to self-reported questionnaire data from the Midlife Women's Health Study (MWHS) to determine risk factors associated with QoL differences between white and black women during the menopausal transition.
Results
In multivariate models, our results showed black women who had 3 or 4 comorbidities (moderate) were about 4 times as likely to have higher QoL compared to women who had 0 to 2 comorbidities (95% CI: 1.65,10.78). However, the number of comorbidities was not significantly associated with QoL in white women in univariate or multivariate analysis. Further, BMI, education, and income were not significant factors in QoL in black women but were in white women.
Conclusions
Overall, our results illustrate that differences in health, demographic, and lifestyle factors are associated with QoL during menopause. Also, we suggest that future studies evaluate stratified models between racial groups to determine race-specific risk factors related to quality of life.
Shifts in the bacterial community of supragingival plaque related to metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhao Fen , Dong Ting , Yuan Ke-Yong , Wang Ning-Jian , Xia Fang-Zhen , Liu Di , Wang Zhi-Min , Ma Rui , Lu Ying-Li , Huang Zheng-Wei
Published: July 2020

Background

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic disorders, has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The associations between some oral resident microbes and MAFLD have been described. However, changes to the oral microbial community in patients with MAFLD remain unknown.
Methods

In this study, variations to the supragingival microbiota of MAFLD patients were identified. The microbial genetic profile of supragingival plaque samples from 24 MAFLD patients and 22 healthy participants were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Clinical variables, including indicators of insulin resistance, obesity, blood lipids, and hepatocellular damage, were evaluated with laboratory tests and physical examinations.
Results

The results showed that the diversity of the supragingival microbiota in MAFLD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the samples from the MAFLD and control groups formed separate clusters (Adonis, P = 0.0120). There were 27 taxa with differential distributions (linear discriminant analysis, LDA༞2.0) between two groups, among which Actinomyces and Prevotella 2 spp. were over-represented in the MAFLD group with highest LDA score, while Neisseria and Bergeyella spp. were more abundant in the control group. Co-occurrence networks of the top 50 abundant genera in the two groups suggested that the inter-genera relationships were also altered in the supragingival plaque of MAFLD patients. In addition, as risk factors for the development of MAFLD, insulin resistance was positively correlated with the abundances of Granulicatella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Scardovia spp., while obesity was positively correlated to the abundances of Streptococcus, Oslenella, Scardovia, and Selenomonas spp. Metagenomic predictions based on Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States revealed that pathways related to sugar (mainly free sugar) metabolism were enriched in the supragingival plaque of the MAFLD group.
Conclusions

In conclusion, as compared to healthy individuals, component and interactional dysbioses were observed in the supragingival microbiota of the MAFLD group, which could be further explored as potential oral biomarkers of the MAFLD.
Analysis of Proteomic Differences between Eutopic Endometrium and Ectopic Endometrium in Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Chen Yongchang , Zhao Junbo , An Yuanyuan , Bi Fangfang
Published: July 2020

Objective

To analyze the difference in protein expression between eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium from a proteomic aspect, to investigate a preclinical research basis in the occurrence and development of endometriosis (EMT), and provide a theoretical basis for new diagnosis and treatment of EMT.
Methods

Eutopic and ectopic endometrium tissue were collected from 8 patients with an ovarian endometriotic cyst. The protein was extracted for the screening of differential proteins, database retrieval and bioinformatics. Functional classification of differential proteins was performed by gene ontology (GO), secondary annotation, and subcellular structure positioning. The functions of the proteins were analyzed by GO, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein domain enrichments. Results were further validated by clustering analysis.
Results

Among a total of 6,233 identified proteins, 5,395 proteins had quantitative information, including 190 up-regulated proteins and 153 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics of differential proteins showed that the up-regulated proteins were primarily distributed in the nuclei and closely associated with conformation change of DNA and ribosome duplication, while the down-regulated proteins were predominantly distributed in the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane and other positions and were related to the migration of endometrial tissues.
Conclusion

The differential expression of proteins in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EMT and its resultant infertility. The proteomic analysis provides a new basis for future research investigating the pathogenesis of EMT.
Gene Expression Profile of Active HE4 Stimulation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells: Microarray Study and Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhu Liancheng , Tan Mingzi , Xu Haoya , Lin Bei
Published: July 2020

Background.Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a novel serum biomarker for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with high specificity and sensitivity compared with CA125, and the increasing researches have been carried out on its roles in promoting carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in EOC in recent years, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HE4 stimulation and to identify the key genes and pathways mediating carcinogenesis in EOC using microarray and bioinformatics analysis.Methods. We established a stable HE4-silence ES-2 ovarian cancer cell line labeled as “S”, and its active HE4 protein stimulated cells labeled as “S4”. Human whole genome microarray analysis was used to identify deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) from triplicate samples of S4 and S cells. “clusterProfiler” package in R, DAVID, Metascape, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to perform gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, and cBioPortal for WFDC2 coexpression analysis. GEO dataset (GSE51088) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied for validation. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and modular analyses were performed using Metascape and Cytoscape. Results.In total, 713 DEGs were found (164 up regulated and 549 down regulated) and further analyzed by GO, pathway enrichment and PPI analyses. We found that MAPK pathway accounted for a significant portion of the enriched terms. WFDC2 coexpression analysis revealed ten WFDC2 coexpressed genes (TMEM220A, SEC23A, FRMD6, PMP22, APBB2, DNAJB4, ERLIN1, ZEB1, RAB6B, and PLEKHF1) that were also dramatically changed in S4 cells and validated by dataset GSE51088. Kaplan–Meier survival statistics revealed clinical significance for all of the 10 target genes. Finally, PPI was constructed, sixteen hub genes and eight molecular complex detections (MCODEs) were identified, the seeds of five most significant MCODEs were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and their clinical significance was evaluated.Conclusions.By applying microarray and bioinformatics analyses, we identified DEGs and determined a comprehensive gene network of active HE4 stimulation in EOC cells. We offered several possible mechanisms and identified therapeutic and prognostic targets of HE4 in EOC.
Estimating the number of children in households with substance use disorders
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Uhl Alfred , Atzendorf Josefine , Seitz Nicki-Nils
Published: July 2020

Background

Parental substance misuse is reported to endanger the health and psychological development of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to estimate the number of children currently affected by substance use disorders (SUDs) of any adult living in the same household.
Methods

Data came from the 2018 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) among 18-64-year-olds (n = 9,267) and from population statistics. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were used to assess SUD (abuse or dependence) related to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or amphetamine. Based on the number of household members, the number of children below the age 18 years and the information on SUD status of the respondent living in this household, the number of children in households with at least one member with SUD was estimated.
Results

In 2018, there were 13,597,428 children younger than 18 years living in Germany. Of these, 5.2–7.9% (686,482–696,279) were estimated to live in households where at least one adult had an alcohol-related disorder, 5.0–7.4% (674,065–690,792) in households where at least one adult was tobacco dependent and 0.38–1.05% (93,229–142,141) in households where at least one adult had a disorder related to the use of illicit drugs. The total number of children in close contact with SUD adults was estimated at 7.4–11.2% (1,000,725–1,522,667).
Conclusions

The large number of children affected by adults with SUD has implications for identification and prevention. Substantial variation in estimates, resulting from differences in methods, definition of exposure and exposure to whom, calls for international standardization in order to make estimates comparable.
High-throughput Sequencing Analysis of the Rhizosphere Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Community Composition Associated with Ferula Sinkiangensis
Authors: Luo Yunfeng , He Yaling , Li Guifang , Lv Xinhua , Wang Zhongke , Zhuang Li
Published: July 2020

Background: Ferula sinkiangensis is an important and increasingly endangered medicinal plant. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are microbes that live in the soil and can enhance nutrient uptake, stress resistance, and pathogen defens in host plants. The composition of AMF communities associated with Ferula sinkiangensis and the relationship between these fungi and other pertinent abiotic factors, however, remains uncertain. Herein, we collected samples of rhizosphere and surrounding soil at a range of depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) and a range of slop positions (bottom, middle, top). These samples were then subjected to analyses of soil physicochemical properties and high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), enabling us to examine AMF community composition and diversity, as well as the relationship between these parameters and other abiotic factors. Results: Through this analysis, we determined that Glomus and Diversispora were enriched in all samples. AMF diversity and richness varied significantly as a function of slope position, with this variation primarily being tied to differences in Glomus and Diversispora abundance. In contrast, no significant relationship between soil depth and overall AMF composition was noted, although some AMF were found to be sensitive to depth. Many factors were found to significantly affect AMF community composition, including organic matter (OM), TN (total nitrogen), TK (total potassium), AN (ammonium nitrogen), NN (nitrate nitrogen), AK (available potassium), TDS (total soluble salt), pH, SM (soil water content), and AE (slope position). We further found that Shannon diversity index values in these communities were positively correlated with TP (total phosphorus), NN, and pH values (p<0.05), while TP, TDS, and pH were positively correlated with Chao1 values (p<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, these findings reveal that Glomus and Diversispora are key AMF genera found within the rhizosphere soil of Ferula sinkiangensis. These fungi are closely associated with specific environmental and soil physicochemical properties. And The physical and chemical properties of soil were significantly different (p<0.05) because of slope position. Together, our results provide a novel understanding of the relationship between AMF species and Ferula sinkiangensis, providing a theoretical basis for further studies of their development.
Which combination is best for HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and 2-h post-challenge glucose for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Okada Junichi , Kashima Kohji , Yamada Eijiro , Nakajima Yasuyo , Okada Kazuya , Okada Shuichi , Yamada Masanobu
Published: July 2020

Background

We evaluated reliability among glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) where 2-h post-challenge glucose level (2hPG) in the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes to find out which parameter or combination of parameters is useful.
Methods

All the participants received 75 g OGTT and HbA1c measurements. For FPG, < 110 mg/dL was defined as “normal”, 110 ≤ FPG < 126 mg/dL was defined as “pre-diabetes”, and 126 mg/dL ≤ FPG was defined as “diabetes”. For 2hPG, < 140 mg/dL was defined as “normal”, 140 mg/dL ≤ 2hPG < 200 mg/dL was defined as “pre-diabetes”, and 200 mg/dL ≤ was defined as “diabetes”. For HbA1c, ≤ 6.2% was defined as “normal”, 6.2 < HbA1c < 6.5% was defined as “pre-diabetes”, and 6.5% ≤ was defined as “diabetes”. The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes were estimated based on 7 different combinations as the following: “the combination of either HbA1c or FPG or 2hPG”, “the combination of either HbA1c or 2hPG”, “the combination of either HbA1c or FPG”, “HbA1c alone”, “the combination of either FPG or 2hPG”, “2hPG alone”, and “FPG alone”. Each diagnosed group were then divided into different age groups (40 s, 50 s, 60 s, 70 s, and 80 s) to consider the effect of age on results.
Results

For diagnosing “diabetes”, “the combination of either HbA1c or 2hPG” was almost as reliable as “the combination of either HbA1c or FPG or 2hPG” throughout all ages except for the 50 s. For diagnosing “pre-diabetes”, “the combination of either HbA1c or 2hPG” was almost as reliable as “the combination of either HbA1c or FPG or 2hPG” throughout all ages.
Discussion

Combining our results, measurement of HbA1c and 2hPG seems to be recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes. This means for an accurate diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes, not only the measurement of HbA1c but also a 75 g OGTT is recommended. Unfortunately, screening by FPG alone is not recommended from this clinical study.
Conclusions

For accurate diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes, the combination of HbA1c measurement and 75 g OGTT seemed to be a secure concept.
Marine Spatial Planning Connects Digital Technology, Excavation Equipment with Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things for Underwater Heritage Investigation
Authors: Liao Victor Te Cheng
Published: July 2020

BackgroundUnderwater cultural heritage (UCH) as a time capsule had accumulated marine ecological biological resources for centuries since sinking until discovery, forming an ecosystem wildly involves multifaceted fields. ProblemThe convention on the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), coastal states claim UCH jurisdiction in situ protection. However, foreign countries demand UCH sovereignty to evolve an international political event. Consequently, underwater archaeology preservation and exploitation become a diplomatic intrigue although no human lives beneath the sea.Purpose The purpose of paper attempts to identify significant issues about UCH providing standard operating procedures (SOP), One-Stop service for a comprehensive investigation, and finds a way for international UCH disputes. MethodThe research collected relevant UCH issues from six participants' brainstorming, statistical analysis, and the Chi-Squared test. ResultsResults showed 13 issues about UCH with no significant difference but conversion into seven groups with a significant difference. Finding & ContributionThe top three groups, marine spatial planning (MSP), Digital Technology, Excavation Equipment were identified and contributed to better UCH investigation. The finding transnational, regional level regimes, community collaborative governance offers UCH better preservation.SuggestionFinally, suggestion MSP activating idle assets construct UCH research center through digital technology with excavation equipment and link artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) to improve UCH investigation, and international collaboration.
Role of Medication Beliefs on Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Middle Eastern Refugees and Migrants in Australia
Authors: Shahin Wejdan , Kennedy Gerard A. , Cockshaw Wendell , Stupans Ieva
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAdherence to medication is essential in some patients for achieving treatment control in hypertension. Medication beliefs is one of the personal modifiable factors that has been recognised to influence medication adherence in different populations. However, there is no published research to confirm the relationship between medication beliefs and medication adherence in Middle Eastern refugees and migrants in Australia. These two different groups may develop different beliefs about their medications that lead to different medication taking behaviours. Understanding the possible differences in beliefs may have a significant impact on enhancing medication adherence in these groups.Design320 Middle Eastern refugees and migrants with hypertension were approached via various social groups in Australia and asked to complete Arabic versions of the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) and the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. BMQ scores (necessity and concerns scales) were classified as "accepting", "indifferent", "ambivalent" or "skeptical". Multiple mediation modelling was applied to examine the role of necessity and concerns scales as mediators between migration status and medication adherence.ResultsThere were significant associations between medication adherence and medication beliefs scores (necessity and concerns scales) (p = 0.0001). Necessity, and concern were mediators in the relationship between migration status and medication adherence. Significant differences were found between refugees and migrants for medication adherence and medication beliefs. Refugees were likely to have less necessity, and more concern beliefs than migrants. They were also less likely to adhere to medications. Almost 30% of refugees could be classified as skeptical and 40% as ambivalent. In contrast, 50% of migrants had accepting beliefs, and around 35% held ambivalent beliefs. Refugees and migrants with “accepting” beliefs reported the highest adherence to medication and those holding “skeptical” beliefs reported the lowest adherence.ConclusionMedication beliefs are potentially modifiable and are reasonable targets for clinical interventions designed to improve medication adherence. Understanding these beliefs and the likely differences between refugees and migrants is crucial to provide specific and targeted advice to each group independently in order to improve medication adherence and overall health.
Effect of COVID-19 on Liver Abnormalities: A Systematic review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Bzeizi Khalid , Abdulla Maheeba , Mohammed Nafeesa , Alqamish Jehad , Jamshidi Negar , Broering Dieter
Published: July 2020

Emerging evidence suggest association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with development of many liver abnormalities. The overarching aim of this study was therefore to assess the available evidence on the clinical effects of SARS-CoV-2 on liver function laboratory tests and coagulation profile in affected individuals. We considered all study designs including epidemiological and observational that reported liver function test abnormalities in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Medline, Embase databases and Google Scholar as well as relevant reviews were searched to identify appropriate studies from inception to April 30th, 2020. We calculated pooled mean with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) through a random-effect model meta-analysis. A total of 29 studies with 9991 participants were considered for the review from which 20 studies with sufficient quantitative data were included for the meta-analysis. The pooled mean for liver enzymes and coagulation parameters did not significantly change in patients affected by COVID-19 and remained within normal range. Our systematic review and meta-analysis findings of the available evidence suggest that COVID-19 did not have a significant impact on the liver enzymes or coagulation profile of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future studies need to adequately report all the liver function parameters with event rates.
Increasing use of linezolid in a tertiary NICU during a 10-year period: reasons and concerns for the future
Authors: Matrat Lucie , Plaisant Frank , Barreto Christine , Claris Olivier , Butin Marine
Published: July 2020

Background
Linezolid has been increasingly used in tertiary NICUs. The objectives of this study were to explore the indications of these linezolid prescriptions, to analyze a possible misuse and to provide solutions to avoid such misuse.
Methods
A monocentric retrospective cohort study included all neonates hospitalized in one tertiary NICU between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019 and who received at least one administration of linezolid. These data were confronted to epidemiological and antibiotic use data from the same NICU. Two independent pediatricians secondarily classified linezolid uses as adequate or not.
Results
During the study period, 66 infections in 57 patients led to linezolid use. Most patients were pre-term and 21 patients (37%) died. Infections were mainly related to methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci and were frequently either pneumoniae (35%) or isolated bacteremia (48%), including 25 persistent bacteremia (64% of the 39 bacteremia). Need for a better tissue distribution or first-line treatment failure were the main reasons to initiate linezolid. Linezolid was administered for a median duration of 7 [3;10] days. No side effects were reported. Twenty-two (33%) of the 66 linezolid prescriptions were retrospectively classified as inadequate.
Conclusions
A rapid increase in linezolid prescriptions has been observed in our tertiary NICU, from 2014 to 2019, with 33% inadequate uses. This worrisome trend should lead to search for therapeutic alternatives and to work on antibiotic stewardship to prevent the emergence of new antimicrobial bacterial resistance.
An Innovative Data Analysis Strategy For Accurate NGS Detection of Tumor mtDNA Mutations
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Zhou Kaixiang , Yuan Qing , Su Liping , Ji Xiaoying , Gu Xiwen , Guo Xu , Xing Jinliang
Published: July 2020

Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been commonly applied to detect mtDNA mutations, which are reported to be strongly associated with cancers. However, several key challenges still exist in the bioinformatic analysis of mtDNA sequencing data, which greatly affect the detection accuracy of mtDNA mutations. Methods: Here, we systematically evaluated several key analysis procedures, including trimming, mapping and filtering, in mtDNA mutation detection of FFPE tissues, fresh tissues and plasma samples from cancer patients. Furthermore, the innovative bioinformatics pipeline integrating a newly-developed filtering algorithm was established.Results: We found that trimming procedure was essential for improving mtDNA mapping performance in plasma but not tissue samples. Mapping with rCRS-hg19 reference was strongly suggested for mtDNA mutation detection in plasma samples due to the extreme abundance of NUMTs. In addition, our results showed that the setting of 3 mismatches was most appropriate for mtDNA mutation calling. More importantly, we revealed the presence of a negative logarithmic relationship between mtDNA site sequencing depth and minimum detectable mutation frequency and thus build up an innovative and efficient filtering strategy to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of mutation detection. Finally, we verified that higher sequencing depth was required for PCR-based than capture-based enrichment strategy.Conclusions: Collectively, we established an innovative data analysis strategy, which is of great significance for improving the accuracy of mtDNA mutation detection for different types of tumor samples.