bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Micronucleus Assays to Measure DNA Damage Caused by Cytostatic/Antineoplastic Drugs
Authors: Gianfredi V. , Acito M. , Salvatori T. , Villarini M. , Moretti M.
Published: July 2019

Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs (ANPD) raises concerns regarding possible health effects on healthcare workers. In fact, even when healthcare workers are specifically trained and ANPD handling occurs according to issued guidelines and/or safety recommendations, accidental contamination in the workplace (and a concurrent increased exposure risk to genotoxic/carcinogenic compounds, such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, etc.) is still detectable. Cytogenetic biomarkers are the most frequently used endpoints in human biomonitoring studies to assess the impact on health of environmental/occupational exposure to genotoxic xenobiotics. Among the cytogenetic assays, the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (L-CBMN) assay is one of the most frequently used and, to date, the best validated method for biological effect monitoring in subjects occupationally exposed to genotoxic xenobiotics. The assessment of micronuclei (MN) in uncultured, exfoliated epithelial cells from oral mucosa (B-MN assay) has provided a complementary method for cytogenetic analyses in easily accessible tissue without cell culture requirement. Using PubMed and an appropriate combination of key words, we retrieved 28 studies, published from 1988 to 2018, measuring MN in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ANPD. The overall evaluation of the currently available studies clearly shows a significantly increased genotoxic risk for healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ANPD.
Synthesis and structure of a new mixed metal iodate Ba3Ga2(IO3)12
Authors: Xiao Lei , You Fengguang , Gong Pifu , Hu Zhanggui , Lin Zheshuai
Published: July 2019

Due to the pseudo-2D arrangement of the [IO3] units, Ba3Ga2(IO3)12exhibits a relatively strong optical anisotropy with a calculated birefringence of about 0.103 at 1064 nm.
Fruit and vegetable intake and liver cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Guo Xiao-fei , Shao Xian-feng , Li Jiao-mei , Li Shan , Li Ke-lei , Li Duo
Published: July 2019

The associations of vegetable and fruit intake with liver cancer risk have been inconsistent based on epidemiological studies.
Piperidine carbamate peptidomimetic inhibitors of the serine proteases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin
Authors: Damalanka Vishnu C. , Wildman Scott A. , Janetka James W.
Published: July 2019

A series of piperidine-based peptidomimetic inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated their activity against the three serine proteases HGFA, matriptase, and hepsin. All analogs showed nanomolar activity against matriptase and hepsin.
Mixed copper(ii)–phenanthroline complexes induce cell death of ovarian cancer cells by evoking the unfolded protein response
Authors: Moráň Lukáš , Pivetta Tiziana , Masuri Sebastiano , Vašíčková Kateřina , Walter Franziska , Prehn Jochen , Elkalaf Moustafa , Trnka Jan , Havel Josef , Vaňhara Petr
Published: July 2019

There is an ongoing need for the development of new cancer therapeutics that combine high cytotoxic efficiency with low side effects, and also override resistance to the first-line chemotherapeutics. Copper(ii)–phenanthroline complexes are promising compounds that were shown previously to induce an immediate cytotoxic response over a panel of tumor cell lines in vitro. The molecular mechanism, however, remained unresolved. In this work we performed a thorough study of the copper(ii)–phenanthroline complexes containing different imidazolidine-2-thione ligands in ovarian cancer cells, and revealed that these complexes induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequently cell death mediated by the unfolded protein response. Alleviation of the ER-stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) attenuated the cytotoxic effects. In summary, we have identified a novel, ER-dependent, molecular mechanism mediating cytotoxic effects of copper(ii)–phenanthroline complexes.
MOF-derived uniform Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes grafted on rGO nanosheets as bifunctional materials for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Cao Yingying , Lu Yidong , Ang Edison Huixiang , Geng Hongbo , Cao Xueqin , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei
Published: July 2019

N-Doped CNT-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (Ni@NC-rGO) were fabricated by a controllable process, which could deliver superior lithium storage performance and outstanding catalytic activity for HER.
Directional self-assembly of gold nanorods into 1D and 2D arrays by quadruple hydrogen bonding
Authors: Zhai Mingming , Chen Qiang , Yuan Wei , Shi Qixun , Xu Hui
Published: July 2019

We developed a facile, bottom-up self-assembly strategy of gold nanorods via quadruple hydrogen bonding.
Discovery of selective, antimetastatic and anti-cancer stem cell metallohelicesviapost-assembly modification
Authors: Song Hualong , Rogers Nicola J. , Allison Simon J. , Brabec Viktor , Bridgewater Hannah , Kostrhunova Hana , Markova Lenka , Phillips Roger M. , Pinder Emma C. , Shepherd Samantha L. , Young Lawrence S. , Zajac Juraj , Scott Peter
Published: July 2019

A remarkable array of mechanistic and pharmacological behaviours is discoveredviaclick derivatisation of asymmetric, optically pure helicate-like compounds.
Onset time of fog collection
Authors: Jiang Youhua , Machado Christian , Savarirayan Shaan , Patankar Neelesh A. , Park Kyoo-Chul
Published: July 2019

The time required to collect the initially deposited fog on a wire is determined by aerodynamics and interfacial phenomena.
The microRNA in ventricular remodeling: the miR-30 family
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Dong Shaoyang , Jia Qiujin , Zhang Ao , Li Yanyang , Zhu Yaping , Lv Shichao , Zhang Junping
Published: July 2019

Ventricular remodeling (VR) is a complex pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, which is often caused by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), etc. It is also an independent risk factor for a variety of CVDs, which will eventually to damage the heart function, promote cardiovascular events, and lead to an increase in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of CVDs through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene proteins. Among them, microRNA-30 (miR-30) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in the heart. In recent years, the study found that the miR-30 family can participate in VR through a variety of mechanisms, including autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. VR is commonly found in ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), antineoplastic drug cardiotoxicity (CTX), and other CVDs. Therefore, we will review the relevant mechanisms of the miR-30 in VR induced by various diseases.
Intraoperative Estimation of the Coupling Efficiency and Clinical Outcomes of the Vibrant Soundbridge Active Middle Ear Implant Using Auditory Brainstem Response Measurements
Authors: Geiger Ute , Radeloff Andreas , Hagen Rudolf , Cebulla Mario
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study intraoperatively measured the coupling efficiency of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB), with the aim of avoiding revision surgery due to insufficient outcome. This method can also be used to test the integrity of the implant at the end of the implantation surgery and to evaluate aided thresholds. In addition, this method makes it possible to objectively test how well the VSB has been fitted, provide assistance in fitting handicapped patients or children, evaluate hearing degradation, or test for a drop in coupling efficiency before revision surgeries. In order to analyze the feasibility of these new VSB-aided auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, they were compared to behavioral thresholds from the Vibrogram and the preoperative bone conduction thresholds.

Method

The study included 30 patients with mild-to-severe hearing loss implanted with a VSB (VORP503). Intraoperative ABR thresholds during the VSB implantation were recorded using a VSB-optimized chirp stimulus. The new method is compared to the bone conduction threshold of the study sample and the aided Vibrogram thresholds. Speech intelligibility results up to 24 months after surgery are also presented.

Results

A reliable correlation between the bone conduction thresholds and the intraoperative ABRs was found and was higher in comparison to the Vibrogram. Furthermore, speech intelligibility outcomes were stable over time.

Conclusion

ABR measurements can be used intraoperatively to estimate the coupling efficiency of the VSB and test the integrity of the implant at the end of surgery.
A Two-Interval, Forced-Choice, Observer-Based Procedure for Evaluating Hearing Sensitivity in Children With Motor and Developmental Impairments
Authors: Porter Heather L. , Buss Emily , Browning Jenna , Leibold Lori J.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

It can be challenging to collect reliable behavioral responses to sound from individuals with significant motor or developmental impairments, the most common types of comorbid disability found in children with hearing loss (e.g.,
Gallaudet Research Institute, 2011
). The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using a 2-interval, forced-choice, observer-based method for individuals considered to be difficult-to-test using behavioral audiometric assessments.

Method

Participants were 5 children with motor and developmental impairments, ages 5–15 years (
M
= 11.6,
SD
= 4.6). The functional abilities of all participants were greater than 2
SDs
below the mean, as measured by the Vineland-II Parent Caregiver Rating Form. Participants listened to either a male talker saying the word “playground” or a 1000-Hz warble tone, presented via an insert earphone or a sound field speaker. An observer, blind to signal presentation, selected 1 of 2 temporal intervals, determining which contained the signal based only on participant behavior. Criterion was reached when the observer correctly identified the interval containing the signal for 8 of the last 10 trials.

Results

An 80%-correct criterion was met for all participants, suggesting feasibility for use in children with motor or developmental impairment. Two participants were tested using an adaptive tracking procedure; a reliable threshold estimate was obtained for both children. This method offers promise for children who have difficulty performing behavioral audiometric assessments currently in use clinically.
Are Fenestrated Tracheostomy Tubes Still Valuable?
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Boisen Sarah E. , Mathews Shifali , Cole Therese
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the frequency, indications, and outcomes of fenestrated tracheostomy tube use in a large academic institution.

Method

A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the use of fenestrated tracheostomy tubes between 2007 and 2017. Patients were included in the study if they were ≥ 18 years of age and received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube in the recent 10-year period.

Results

Of 2,000 patients who received a tracheostomy, 15 patients had a fenestrated tracheostomy tube; however, only 5 patients received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube at the study institution.

The primary reason why the 15 patients received a tracheostomy was chronic respiratory failure (73%); other reasons included airway obstruction (20%) and airway protection (7%). Thirteen (87%) patients received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube for phonation purposes. The remaining 2 patients received it as a step to weaning. Of the 13 patients who received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube for phonation, only 1 patient was not able to phonate. Nine (60%) patients developed some type of complications: granulation only, 2 (13.3%); granulation and tracheomalacia, 2 (13.3%); granulation and stenosis, 4 (26.7%); and granulation, tracheomalacia, and stenosis, 1 (6.7%).

Conclusions

Fenestrated tracheostomy tubes may assist with phonation in patients who cannot tolerate a 1-way speaking valve; however, the risk of developing granulation tissue, tracheomalacia, and tracheal stenosis exists. Health care providers should be educated on the safe use of a fenestrated tracheostomy tube and other options available to improve phonation while ensuring patient safety.
Translating High-Resolution Manometry From Research to Clinical Practice
Authors: Knigge Molly A.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a developing evaluation and treatment modality within the scope of speech-language pathology clinical practice. HRM offers pressure measurement over time that can capture details of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter function unattainable with current dysphagia imaging modalities. As the technology is being adapted from esophageal application to use in the pharynx, understanding the strengths and limitations of HRM is paramount to building valid models for clinical use.

Conclusion

This review of HRM translation from research to clinical practice aims to introduce the speech-language pathologist to this novel evaluation and treatment apparatus.
Seamless mode transfer control for master–slavemicrogrid
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Hou Shuaicheng , Chen Jie
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a simple mixeddroop‐v/fcontrol strategy for the master inverter of a microgrid to achieve seamless modetransfer between grid‐connected and autonomous islanding modes. The proposedcontrol utilises (i) a modified droop control in grid‐connected mode to achieveseamless transfer from grid‐connected mode to islanding mode in case ofintentional and unintentional islanding events, and (ii)v/f controlin islanding mode, which is realised by simply reducing the droop coefficient tozero gradually after islanding, to provide voltage and frequency references tothe slave inverters. Pre‐synchronisation on the voltage and frequency betweenmicrogrid and utility grid is used for the reconnection of them in a seamlessmanner. The rationale and detailed design of the system with the proposedcontrol strategy are elaborated, after which its effectiveness is proved bysimulations and experiments.
Fabrication of IGBTs using 300 mm magnetic Czochralski substrates
Authors: Schulze Hans‐Joachim , Öfner Helmut , Niedernostheide Franz‐Josef , Lükermann Florian , Schulz Andreas
Published: July 2019

Up to now the vast majority of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) has been produced on silicon (Si) wafers out of the float‐zone (FZ) process. FZ crystals can easily be used for this application, but are only available with a diameter of up to 200 mm. However, the use of wafer substrates with a diameter of 300 mm offers a significant increase in productivity and is therefore the diameter of choice for the high‐volume production of CMOS devices. In order to benefit from this advantage also for the manufacturing of IGBTs, material out of the magnetic Czochralski process, which is available in 300 mm, had to be adapted. Key issues include crystal originated particles, dopant segregation along the crystal axis, and the higher concentration of oxygen. In particular, the implementation of the field‐stop zone by the implantation of protons will lead to the additional formation of hydrogen‐decorated CIOI complexes which can act electrically as donors. However, by an appropriate adjustment of the processing parameters the electrical characteristics of IGBTs on FZ substrates can be well reproduced.
Frequency‐coupled impedance model‐based sub‐synchronous interaction analysis for direct‐drive wind turbines connected to a weak AC grid
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Xiaorong , Shair Jan , Liu Huakun , He Jingbo
Published: July 2019

Recently, emerging sub‐synchronous oscillation (SSO) issues caused by the interaction between power electronic converters and weak AC grids have provoked serious stability concerns. Impedance‐based modelling approaches have been widely employed for stability analysis of such interactions. In this study, a sequence‐domain frequency‐coupled impedance model (FCIM) and the corresponding stability criterion are proposed. First, a fast identification method of the FCIM is proposed, in which the impedance‐frequency curves of the FCIMs at multiple frequencies are measured, followed by identification of their transfer function models. Next, the proposed method is applied to model a practical system, where a SSO event once occurred due to the interactions between direct‐drive wind turbines and a weak AC grid. The individual FCIMs of wind turbine generators, steam turbine generators and static var generator in this system are derived. After that, an aggregated FCIM is formed by combining the FCIMs without extra coordinate transformation. Then, the aggregated FCIM‐based stability analysis is carried out to investigate the interaction between the wind farms and weak AC grids. In the end, the results of FCIM‐based stability analysis are verified by time‐domain simulations.
Fabrication of durable haemophobic surfaces on cast acrylic sheets using UV laser micromachining
Authors: Paul Souvik , Mukhopadhyay Saswata , Mandal Soumen , Agarwal Pankaj , Chanda Nripen
Published: July 2019

A low‐cost, high‐speed micro‐scale patterning procedure for generation of durable blood‐repellent patterns on polymers using continuous wave (CW) ultra‐violet (UV) laser with optical lens arrangement is demonstrated in this work. A laser engraver which can generate patterned structures in the range of 1–300 µm employing a 5 W, 445 nm CW UV laser with collimating lens arrangement was developed for this purpose. Subsequently, cell cast high impact acrylic sheets of 5 cm × 5 cm size were patterned to generate fishbone architecture like microstructures with central structure footprint 71.3 µm, peripheral structure footprint 29.8 µm and peripheral structure spacing of 77.8 µm. The patterned acrylic was evaluated for hydrophobicity and human blood‐repellent nature using a contact angle goniometer. Hardness tests for checking durability of the patterned surfaces for various biomedical applications were conducted using a hardness tester. The tested Vickers hardness of the acrylic patterned sample was 17.41 HV which indicates durability of the fabricated patterns. Maximum static contact angle of 142.3° and minimum roll‐off angle of 11.7° observed for blood on patterned acrylic confirm the haemophobic nature of the fabricated surfaces.
Effects of Pre- and Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion Therapy on Passive Muscle Stiffness
Authors: Hüttel Moritz , Golditz Tobias , Mayer Isabel , Heiss Rafael , Lutter Christoph , Hoppe Matthias Wilhelm , Engelhardt Martin , Grim Casper , Seehaus Frank , Forst Raimund , Hotfiel Thilo
Published: July 2019

Background Cold-water immersion (CWI) has become a popular preventive, regenerative and performance-enhancing intervention in various sports. However, its effects on soft tissue, including changes of intramuscular stiffness, are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CWI on muscle stiffness.

Patients/Material and Methods Thirty healthy participants were included and divided into the three following groups (n = 10): 1) post-ESU group: exercise and CWI (post-exercise set-up); 2) control group: exercise without CWI (control condition); 3) pre-ESU group: CWI alone (pre-exercise set-up). Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography was conducted to assess tissue stiffness (shear wave velocity, SWV). Values obtained at resting conditions (baseline, t0) were compared to values post-exercise (t1, for post-ESU group and control group), post-CWI (t2, for post-ESU group and pre-ESU group; rest for control group) and to 60-min follow-up time (t3, for all groups). Data were assessed in superficial and deep muscle tissue (rectus femoris muscle, RF; vastus intermedius muscle, VI).

Results For the post-ESU group (CWI post-exercise), there was no significant difference between the time points of measurements: exercise (t1: RF: 1.63 m/s; VI: 1.54 m/s), CWI (t2: RF: 1.63 m/s; VI: 1.53 m/s) and at 60-min follow-up (t3: RF: 1.72 m/s; VI: 1.61 m/s). In the control group, a significant decrease of SWV was found between baseline conditions at t0 and post-exercise (t1) at VI (VI: 1.37 m/s; p = 0.004; RF: 1.59 m/s; p = 0.084). For t2 and t3, no further significant changes were detected. Regarding the pre-exercise set-up (pre-ESU group), a significant decrease in SWV from baseline to t2 in VI (1.60 m/s to 1.49 m/s; VI: p = 0.027) was found.

Conclusion This study shows varying influences of CWI on muscle stiffness. Overall, we did not detect any significant effects of CWI on muscle stiffness post-exercise. Muscle stiffness-related effects of CWI differ in the context of a pre- or post-exercise condition and have to be considered in the implementation of CWI to ensure its potential preventive and regenerative benefits.
Die berufsdermatologische Begutachtung
Authors: Elsner P.
Published: July 2019

Die Begutachtung ist neben der Prävention, der Diagnostik und der Therapie wesentlicher Teil des Spektrums der Aufgaben des Berufsdermatologen. Sie setzt neben fundierten dermatologischen und allergologischen Kenntnissen spezielles Wissen zum Berufskrankheitenrecht voraus. Als berufsdermatologischer Gutachter ist ein Arzt nicht kurativ tätig, sondern unterstützt den Träger einer gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung oder ein Sozialgericht in der Ermittlung rechtlich wesentlicher Sachverhalte. Die gutachterliche Neutralität erfordert es, mögliche Befangenheiten zu erkennen und zu vermeiden. Die „Bamberger Empfehlungen“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie (ABD) unterstützen die Qualitätssicherung in der berufsdermatologischen Begutachtung ebenso wie die Seminare und Qualitätszirkel zum Erwerb und Erhalt des ABD-Zertifikats „Berufsdermatologie“.
Effektivität von Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung unter Wettkampfbedingungen. Eine randomisierte Crossover-Studie an Elite-Kanusportlern mit einer zusätzlichen Einzelfallanalyse
Authors: Grim Casper , Hotfiel Thilo , Engelhardt Martin , Drieschner Dennis B. , Willscheid Gernot , Hoppe Matthias W.
Published: July 2019

Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob im Elite-Kanusport durch das Tragen von Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung eine Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit zu erzielen ist. Für die Studie wurden 23 Elite-Athleten des Deutschen Kanuverbands (6 Frauen, 17 Männer) rekrutiert. Diese absolvierten auf einem Regattasee eine 1650 m lange Teststrecke mit gewohnten Wettkampf- bzw. Trainingsbooten und -paddeln. Die Athleten wurden randomisiert in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt und durchliefen die Teststrecke mit und ohne Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung. Neben Zwischen- und Endzeiten wurden kapilläre Blutlaktatkonzentrationen erhoben. Für die Statistik wurden ein effektbasierter Ansatz („Magnitude-Based Inferences“) und eine zusätzliche Einzelfallanalyse durchgeführt. Hierfür wurde der mittlere bzw. individuelle Effekt in Relation zur kleinsten lohnenswerten Differenz betrachtet. Die effektbasierte Statistik zeigt im Mittel, dass durch das Tragen von Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung keine eindeutigen Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Leistungsfähigkeit zu erzielen sind. Die Änderungen der Laktatkonzentrationen sind hingegen eindeutig, aber als trivial anzusehen. Im Gegensatz zum mittelwertanalytischen Vorgehen zeigen die Ergebnisse der Einzelfallanalyse, dass es bei 13,0 % der Athleten zu einer Leistungsverbesserung und bei 4,4 % zu einer geringeren Laktatkonzentration durch das Tragen von Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung kam. Bei 4,4 % der Athleten kam es zu einer Leistungsverschlechterung und bei 17,4 % zu einer höheren Laktatkonzentration. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass das Tragen von Oberkörperkompressionsbekleidung bei hochtrainierten Elite-Kanusportlern im Mittel keinen Einfluss auf die Leistungsfähigkeit und Laktatkonzentration hat. Im Einzelfall zeigen sich jedoch positive und negative Effekte, die für den Elitebereich praktisch bedeutsam sein können.
Surface-size and shape dependencies of change in chiral soliton number in submillimeter-scale crystals of chiral magnet CrNb3S6
Authors: Ohkuma M. , Mito M. , Nakamura N. , Tsuruta K. , Ohe J. , Shinozaki M. , Kato Y. , Kishine J. , Kousaka Y. , Akimitsu J. , Inoue K.
Published: July 2019

We examine the surface size- and shape-effects of soliton annihilation and soliton nucleation in chiral magnet CrNb3S6. We measure magnetization (M) curves of submillimeter-sized single crystals with an equal length along the c-axis (Lc = 10 μm) but with different cross sections in the ab-plane (Sab = 0.120–0.014 mm2). We find a ferromagnetic type of magnetizing (FMM) with a convex curve (d2M/dH2 < 0) near zero field (H = 0) and a major jump in M near the forced ferromagnetic state, which are more conspicuous, compared with earlier samples with submillimeter Lc [K. Tsuruta et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 85, 013707 (2016)]. A new finding is that the major jump in M occurs at lower fields in samples with the smaller Sab. We further perform numerical simulation of the magnetization process with the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation of the Langevin-type. Based on the numerical results, we attribute the FMM at small fields to rapid annihilation of soliton assisted by the reduction of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction near the surfaces. We also discuss possible penetration processes of chiral soliton through the ac-(bc-)plane as well as ab-plane, and its relation to the major jump in M. Our experimental and calculated results will contribute to understanding of the effects of topological metastability in chiral magnets.
Satisfying fermionic statistics in the modeling of non-Markovian dynamics with one-electron reduced density matrices
Authors: Head-Marsden Kade , Mazziotti David A.
Published: July 2019

Treatment of Markovian, many-electron dynamics from the solution of the Lindblad equation for the 1-electron reduced density matrix requires additional constraints on the bath operators to maintain fermion statistics. Recently, we generalized Lindblad’s formalism to non-Markovian dynamics through an ensemble of Lindbladian trajectories. Here we show that the fermion statistics of non-Markovian dynamics can be enforced through analogous constraints on the bath operators of each Lindbladian trajectory in the ensemble. To illustrate, we apply the non-Markovian method to three distinct systems of two fermions in three levels. While the electrons violate the fermion statistics without the constraints, correct fermion behavior is recovered with the constraints.
Insights into the electromagnetic properties of the resonant slow-wave circuits from the resonant cavity perspective
Authors: Lü Suye , Zhang Changqing , Yu Ge , Zhao Chang , Tan Enzhong
Published: July 2019

A multigap resonant cavity can simply be regarded as either a slow-wave structure (SWS) with shorted ends or as a resonator. However, two distinct physical images will be obtained when characterizing the electromagnetic properties of such circuits. In particular, dispersion is no longer a necessary concept from the resonant cavity perspective. The periodicity of the circuit and the synchronization characteristics with the beam are incorporated in the longitudinal electric field shape. Thus, we present insights from the resonant cavity perspective by taking the resonant rectangular grating SWS as an example. It is found that even if the fields are originally expressed as normal modes, they can be transformed into the space harmonic form. This is thought to be the result of the periodicity of the circuit, which provides a connection between the multigap resonant cavity and the SWS. We present the findings and discuss their physical significance.
Revealing thermal stability dynamics of an inorganic metal halide perovskite at high temperatures
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: July 2019

Researchers use transmission electron microscopy to show the thermal destabilization mechanisms of cesium lead bromide under high temperatures and capture the process on video.
Simulating the effect of Jupiter’s plasma torus on the volcanic plumes of Io
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: July 2019

A new article finds that the ions from Jupiter’s enormous plasma torus have a significant impact on the gas dynamics above Io’s surface.
New demonstrations show the potential of near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2019

A series of studies characterize the wide array of materials that NAP-XPS can analyze that were previously unable to be studied by traditional high-vacuum methods.
Simulating astrophysical kinetics in space and in the laboratory
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: July 2019

Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, a team of researchers shows how kink instabilities in nonrelativistic jets produce energetic ions.
Picturing pervasive but puzzling particle clusters
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2019

Four-dimensional experimental measurements of a particle-laden flow show that particle clusters are rope-like and long lasting, improving understanding of this poorly-known phenomenon.
Challenges balancing fisheries resource management and river development in Indonesia
Authors: Utomo A. D. , Wibowo A. , Suhaimi R. A. , Atminarso D. , Baumgartner L. J.
Published: July 2019

Indonesia’s increasing human population will require more food and potable water into the future. Constructing more reservoirs has been deemed a national priority to help meet these basic needs. The number of reservoirs in Indonesia has increased gradually over time, but this may have affected fisheries resources. Of the 100 reservoirs already built, 80% are on the island of Java. The direct effects of reservoir on fisheries resources include sedimentation, reduced water flows, eutrophication and disturbance to the fish life cycle, and indirect effects may include overfishing. Reservoirs can also alter habitat, which can change fisheries productivity. Fisheries resources management, in a reservoir, has a high possibility of success if clear boundaries are set and expectations are managed. Fishermen need to participate in management and targets must be set to establish a complete ecosystem for a growing fish population. Other interventions, such as floating cage aquaculture and fish restocking, are suitable tools for management. However, at present there is no Indonesian framework to guide such management tools. With many more reservoirs planned into the future, there is a pressing need to develop a systematic and robust management system to ensure fisheries and river development can coexist.
BDNF is a mediator of glycolytic fiber-type specification in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Delezie Julien , Weihrauch Martin , Maier Geraldine , Tejero Rocío , Ham Daniel J. , Gill Jonathan F. , Karrer-Cardel Bettina , Rüegg Markus A. , Tabares Lucía , Handschin Christoph
Published: July 2019

Significance

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential to promote neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and survival. Altered BDNF expression is associated with several pathologies, including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and motor neuron diseases. Although BDNF has been identified as a contraction-induced myokine, its involvement in muscle physiology is unclear. Using functional, cellular, and molecular approaches, we report here that the myokine BDNF regulates glycolytic muscle fiber-type identity. Our findings warrant additional studies to determine whether modulating the activity of BDNF represents an effective therapeutic strategy to delay or even prevent muscle wasting disorders in which the function of glycolytic muscle fibers is compromised (e.g., in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle insulin resistance).
The ribosomal protein S1-dependent standby site in
tisB
mRNA consists of a single-stranded region and a 5′ structure element
Authors: Romilly Cédric , Deindl Sebastian , Wagner E. Gerhart H.
Published: July 2019

In bacteria, stable RNA structures that sequester ribosome-binding sites (RBS) impair translation initiation, and thus protein output. In some cases, ribosome standby can overcome inhibition by structure: 30S subunits bind sequence-nonspecifically to a single-stranded region and, on breathing of the inhibitory structure, relocate to the RBS for initiation. Standby can occur over long distances, as in the active, +42
tisB
mRNA, encoding a toxin. This mRNA is translationally silenced by an antitoxin sRNA, IstR-1, that base pairs to the standby site. In
tisB
and other cases, a direct interaction between 30S subunits and a standby site has remained elusive. Based on fluorescence anisotropy experiments, ribosome toeprinting results, in vitro translation assays, and cross-linking–immunoprecipitation (CLIP) in vitro, carried out on standby-proficient and standby-deficient
tisB
mRNAs, we provide a thorough characterization of the
tisB
standby site. 30S subunits and ribosomal protein S1 alone display high-affinity binding to standby-competent fluorescein-labeled +42 mRNA, but not to mRNAs that lack functional standby sites. Ribosomal protein S1 is essential for standby, as 30∆S1 subunits do not support standby-dependent toeprints and TisB translation in vitro. S1 alone- and 30S-CLIP followed by RNA-seq mapping shows that the functional
tisB
standby site consists of the expected single-stranded region, but surprisingly, also a 5′-end stem-loop structure. Removal of the latter by 5′-truncations, or disruption of the stem, abolishes 30S binding and standby activity. Based on the CLIP-read mapping, the long-distance standby effect in +42
tisB
mRNA (∼100 nt) is tentatively explained by S1-dependent directional unfolding toward the downstream RBS.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell dysfunction caused by heat stress is improved by administration of Lactococcus lactis strain plasma in mice
Authors: Sugimura Tetsu , Jounai Kenta , Ohshio Konomi , Fujiwara Daisuke
Published: July 2019

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are crucial in anti-viral immunity, acting as regulators in both adaptive and innate immunity. In this study, brief heat stress caused a decrease in splenic pDC activity in mice. Administration of Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) significantly suppressed the decrease in pDC activity and IFN-α production.

Abbreviations: LC-Plasma: Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma; LAB: lactic acid bacteria; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell; IFN: interferons; mDC: myeloid dendritic cells
Hook3 is a scaffold for the opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors cytoplasmic dynein-1 and KIF1C
Authors: Kendrick Agnieszka A. , Dickey Andrea M. , Redwine William B. , Tran Phuoc Tien , Vaites Laura Pontano , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Harper J. Wade , Reck-Peterson Samara L.
Published: July 2019

The unidirectional and opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors, dynein and kinesin, drive long-distance intracellular cargo transport. Cellular observations suggest that opposite-polarity motors may be coupled. We recently identified an interaction between the cytoplasmic dynein-1 activating adaptor Hook3 and the kinesin-3 KIF1C. Here, using in vitro reconstitutions with purified components, we show that KIF1C and dynein/dynactin can exist in a complex scaffolded by Hook3. Full-length Hook3 binds to and activates dynein/dynactin motility. Hook3 also binds to a short region in the “tail” of KIF1C, but unlike dynein/dynactin, this interaction does not activate KIF1C. Hook3 scaffolding allows dynein to transport KIF1C toward the microtubule minus end, and KIF1C to transport dynein toward the microtubule plus end. In cells, KIF1C can recruit Hook3 to the cell periphery, although the cellular role of the complex containing both motors remains unknown. We propose that Hook3’s ability to scaffold dynein/dynactin and KIF1C may regulate bidirectional motility, promote motor recycling, or sequester the pool of available dynein/dynactin activating adaptors.
Endothelial life discontinues without Erk
Authors: Cao Yihai
Published: July 2019

The mechanism of maintaining vascular endothelial identity and integrity is largely unknown. In this issue of JEM, Ricard et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182151) discover essential roles of ERK1/2 in maintaining endothelial homeostasis and its deletion-related serious defects in multiple tissues and organs.
A Fourier method for estimating potential energy and lateral forces from frequency-modulation lateral force microscopy data
Authors: Seeholzer T , Gretz O , Giessibl F J , Weymouth A J
Published: July 2019

One mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is frequency-modulation AFM, in which the tip is driven to oscillate at its resonance frequency which changes as the tip interacts with the surface. Frequency-modulation lateral force microscopy (FM-LFM) is the variant of this technique in which the tip is oscillated along the surface. For an isolated adsorbate on a flat surface, the only signal in FM-LFM is caused by the short-range interaction with the adsorbate. Various deconvolution methods exist to convert the observed frequency shift into the more physically relevant parameters of force and energy. While these methods are often used for FM-AFM data, the high number of inflection points of FM-LFM data make standard deconvolution methods less reliable. In this article, we present a method based on Fourier decomposition of FM-LFM data and apply it to data taken of an isolated CO molecule on the Pt(111) surface. We probe the potential energy landscape past the potential energy minimum and show how over an adsorbate, the potential energy can be evaluated with a single FM-LFM image.
The ambiguity function and the displacement operator basis in quantum mechanics
Authors: Ben-Benjamin J S , Unruh W G
Published: July 2019

We present a method for calculating expectation values of operators in terms of a corresponding c-function formalism which is not the Wigner–Weyl position-momentum phase-space, but another space. Here, the quantity representing the quantum system is the expectation value of the displacement operator, parametrized by the position and momentum displacements, and expectation values are evaluated as classical integrals over these parameters. The displacement operator is found to offer a complete orthogonal basis for operators, and some of its other properties are investigated. Connection to the Wigner distribution and Weyl procedure are discussed and examples are given.
Forward-headed structure change of acetic acid–water binary system by stimulated Raman scattering*
Authors: Liu Zhe , Yang Bo , Zhao Hong-Liang , Li Zhan-Long , Men Zhi-Wei , Wang Xiao-Feng , Wang Ning , Cao Xian-Wen , Wang Sheng-Han , Sun Cheng-Lin
Published: July 2019

The acetic acid–water binary system is a classical hydroxy–carboxy mixed system, while new and interesting phenomena appear under stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Compared with the weaker signal of the acetic acid–water binary system obtained in spontaneous Raman scattering, SRS provides a finer band and a relatively distinct structural transition point. The structural transformation points are respectively at 30% and 80% by volume ratio under the condition of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, while they are respectively at 15% and 25% under the condition of SRS. This phenomenon is attributed to the generation of laser induced plasma and shockwave induced dynamic high pressure environment during SRS.
CsPbBr3 nanocrystal for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser*
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Renli , Li Xia , Kuan Peiwen , He Dongyu , Hou Jingshan , Liu Yufeng , Fang Yongzheng , Liao Meisong
Published: July 2019

CsPbBr3 nanocrystal is used as the saturable absorber (SA) for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser in a ring fiber cavity. The modulation depth, saturable intensity, and non-saturable loss of the fabricated SA are 14.1%, 2.5 MW/cm2, and 5.9%, respectively. In the mode-locking operation, the mode-locked pulse train has a repetition rate of 16.6 MHz with pulse width of 24.2 ps. The laser wavelength is centered at 1992.9 nm with 3-dB spectrum width of 2.5 nm. The maximum output power is 110 mW with slope efficiency of 7.1%. Our experiment shows that CsPbBr3 nanocrystal can be used as an efficient SA in the 2-

μ
m

wavelength region.
Deviation of white diffuse reflectance standards from perfect reflecting diffuser at visible and near-infrared spectral ranges
Authors: Bernad B , Ferrero A , Strothkämper C , Campos J , Pons A , Quast T , Hauer K-O , Schirmacher A
Published: July 2019

The assumption that the reflectance of white diffuse reflectance standards is identical to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser (PRD) allows these standards to be used to characterize reflectance or radiance factors of any surface at any irradiation/collection geometry simply by comparison. However, this assumption is only true within certain limits, and, for some applications, requirements may be out of those limits. PTB and IO-CSIC have studied the variation of the reflectance with respect to the bidirectional geometry for the four most typical white diffuse materials (barium sulfate, opal glass, ceramic and Spectralon), at in- and out-of plane geometries and at spectral range from 380 nm to 1700 nm. We have defined descriptors in order to more clearly quantify the spectral reflectance variation with the bidirectional geometries. The values obtained for these descriptors have been separately presented for the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. In both spectral ranges, deviations of white diffuse reflectance standards with respect to the PRD were found, regarding both Lambertian behaviour and spectral constancy. The observed deviation from the BRDF is in general very large for high incidence and collection angles (reaching in many cases 20%). Therefore, it is not possible to assume Lambertianity in standards at those geometries when calibrating measuring systems.
A new framework for optimisation of Pressurised Water Reactor design as a trigeneration system
Authors: Jamaluddin K , Wan Alwi S R , Hamzah K , Abdul Manan Z , Klemeš J J
Published: July 2019

Conventional nuclear power reactors convert between 30 – 35 % only of the total energy input into electricity while the remaining was wasted. The waste heat is sometimes used for desalination processes while the remaining heat is transferred to a cooling media or lost to the surrounding. Therefore, heat from nuclear reactor can be used to produce heat and power, as well as for cooling in a trigeneration system. This paper presents the Trigeneration System Cascade Analysis (TriGenSCA) for an optimal Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) design. The TriGenSCA framework allows engineers to determine an optimum utility generation system size and estimate the required amount of external utilities. The analysis includes data extraction, cascade analysis for size estimation and calculation of the new trigeneration system size. The technique also enables users to determine accurate results for energy minimisation based on demand fluctuations. Application of the framework on a case study presented on this paper demonstrates the trigeneration PWR system successfully saved energy of 328GWh/y (97 %).
Investigation on the gamma sources integrity inside a dry pit storage
Authors: Darmawan Rosli
Published: July 2019

One of the primary concerns in the operation of nuclear related facilities is the safety of the system. Worldwide publicity on a few nuclear accidents as well as the notorious Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing have always brought about public fear on anything related to nuclear. Thus, investigation and analysis on the safety system shall be continuously conducted to determine the safety condition of the facilities. In the early days, analytical and experimental methods were employed. However, this approach is limited to low risk experimentation. With the advancement of computer technology, specific computer codes were used to predict and analyse high risk safety issues such as the fall-out from a nuclear explosion or analysis of melt down occurrence in a reactor core. This paper discusses a prediction model on a gamma irradiation facility source pit which having failure on its air cooling system. The CFD model predicts the temperature of the gamma sources under such situation to determine its integrity.
Beam characterization of new neutron radiography facility at TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI research reactor
Authors: Sarkawi Muhammad Syahir , Zainal Jasman , Jamro Rafhayudi , Mohamed Zain Muhammad Rawi , Mohamad Idris Faridah , Yazid Khair’iah , Yassin Arshad
Published: July 2019

Characterization of neutron beam compositions is important in order to capture great radiographic images. The quality of the neutron beam has significant impacts to the radiographic images produced using that beam. Characterizing of the beam, including determination of the effective value for the thermal neutron content, scattered neutron content, gamma content, and pair production content as well as beam sensitivity, is vital for producing quality radiographic images. This paper provides a characterization of the neutron radiography’s beam port (beam port 3) at TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI research reactor (RTP). The experiments to determine the effective beam contents and neutron radiograph sensitivity at the beam are based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards document E545. The Beam Purity Indicator (BPI) and Sensitivity Indicator (SI) are the standard used in these experiments. Neutron radiographic imaging of this standard was performed using direct radiographic method with 0.1 mm thickness Gadolinium (Gd) metal converter and film. Characterization of the beam was carried out for 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes exposure time at 750 kW reactor operating power. The standard was placed at 110 cm from the beam opening. The current neutron beam performances are compared with previous results.
Monte Carlo studies for the radiation shielding in the bunker of the electron beam accelerator using PHITS
Authors: Mohd Zin Mohd Faiz , Md Chulan Mohd Rizal , Kwee Wah Leo , Halim Baijan Abd , Mohd Sabri Rokiah , Azhar Ahmad Mohd , Mokhtar Mukhlis , Abd Malik Khaidawaton
Published: July 2019

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) is a Monte Carlo simulation program used for transport and collision of nearly all particles over wide energy range. One of its useful features for accelerator facility design is the calculation of dose distribution. This paper describes how the geometry of the bunker for low electron beam accelerator in Nuklear Malaysia (NM) was modelled and used to calculate the equivalent dose caused by the radiation for specific region in the bunker by using PHITS. The dose distribution and energy deposition were obtained. Finally, the simulation results are compared to the measured value from the dose measurement testing inside the bunker facility and found both results are in a good agreement.
Study on the filament power supply of the 300 keV electron accelerator
Authors: Kwee Wah Leo , Azhar M. , Chulan R.M. , Hashim S.A. , Mokhtar M. , Khaidawaton  , Baijan H. , Sabri R.M.
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the study and development of the filament power supply. This locally designed low energy electron accelerator with the present energy of 140 keV will be upgraded to 300 keV. The filaments are used to heating-up and produce the electron. The produced electron will be accelerated through a potential different by a DC High Voltage Power Supply (DCHVPS). Whereby this filament power supply is connected with the DCHVPS, therefore the isolation of high voltage is required. For such purpose, the specifications and the isolation mechanisms of the filament power supply have been identified. As the result, the filament power supply by using an air core transformer has been selected and developed with the required heating power.