bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beauty production in heavy–ion collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Authors: Politanò Stefano
Published: March 2023

In this contribution, the measurement of the centrality dependence of the nuclear modification factor (RAA) of non-prompt D0 meson in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV is presented. This measurement provides important constraints to the in-medium mass dependence of energy loss and hadroniza-tion of the beauty quark. In addition, the first measurements of non-prompt Ds+ meson production in central and semi-central Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV are discussed. The non-prompt Ds+ meson measurements provide further information on the production and hadronization of Bs0 mesons. Finally, the first measurement of non-prompt D-meson elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV is shown. This measurement can help to investigate the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the hot and dense QCD medium.
Quark susceptibilities, transport properties and heavy quark production in an extended Quasi-Particle Model with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 flavors
Authors: Sambataro Maria Lucia , Plumari Salvatore , Greco Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

The quark susceptibilities are a very useful tool to understand the nature of the degrees of freedom in the vicinity of the QCD phase transition while Heavy-Quarks (HQs) transport coefficients give us information on their thermalization time in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Recently, new lattice results for the equation of state of QCD with 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical flavors have become available. Therefore, we extend our QPM approach for Nf = 2 + 1 to Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 where the charm quark is included. We also explore the extension of QPM approach to a more realistic model in which partonic propagators explicitly depend on the three-momentum with respect to the partonic matter at rest in order to match pQCD at high momenta following Dyson-Schwinger studies in the vacuum. In this context, we evaluate and correctly reproduce both EoS and quark susceptibilities which are understimated in the simple QPM approach. Therefore, we study the impact of the extended QPM approach on the spatial diffusion coefficient Ds of charm quark making a comparison with the results in the standard QPM approach.
Strange Hadron Production in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan
Authors: Zhou Yingjie
Published: March 2023

Strangeness production has been suggested to be a sensitive probe to the early-time dynamics of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. Transverse momentum distributions and yields of strange hadrons provide important information on their production mechanisms and can help us probe the properties of the created medium and its evolution. Thanks to the high statistics data taken during the STAR BES-II program in 2018-2021, a series of measurements on the properties of strangeness production at low energies are carried out. In these proceedings, the production of K−, KS0, ϕ, Λ, and Ξ− in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 3 GeV are presented. The strange hadron transverse momentum spectra, rapidity density distributions, and particle ratios are shown. These results are compared with UrQMD model calculations, and the extracted kinetic freeze-out parameters are discussed and compared with the ones from higher collision energies.
Production of K∗0 in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6 GeV from RHIC BES-II
Authors: Sahoo Aswini Kumar ,   for the STAR collaboration
Published: March 2023

We present the study of K∗0 in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 19.6 GeV from RHIC BES-II. The ratio of resonanse to non-resonance (K∗0/K) is shown as function of centrality and center-of-mass energy, which implies the dominance of hadronic re-scattering over regeneration in central A+A collisions. The lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime (tkin − tchem) is also reported using a toy model ansartz. The results are compared with previous RHIC and LHC measurements.
Constraints on hadron resonance gas interactions via first-principles Lattice QCD susceptibilities
Authors: Karthein Jamie M. , Koch Volker , Ratti Claudia , Vovchenko Volodymyr
Published: March 2023

We investigate extensions of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) Model beyond the ideal case by incorporating both attractive and repulsive interactions into the model. When considering additional states exceeding those measured with high confidence by the Particle Data Group, attractive corrections to the overall pressure in the HRG model are imposed. On the other hand, we also apply excluded-volume corrections, which ensure there is no overlap of baryons by turning on repulsive (anti)baryon-(anti)baryon interactions. We emphasize the complementary nature of these two extensions and identify combinations of conserved charge susceptibilities that allow us to constrain them separately. In particular, we find interesting ratios of susceptibilities that are sensitive to one correction and not the other. This allows us to constrain the excluded volume and particle spectrum effects separately. Analysis of the available lattice results suggests the presence of both the extra states in the baryonstrangeness sector and the repulsive baryonic interaction, with indications that hyperons have a smaller repulsive core than non-strange baryons. We note that these results are interesting for heavy-ion-collision systems at both the LHC and RHIC.
Exotic Particles and heavy ion collisions
Authors: Lee Su Houng , Noh Sungsik , Park Daeho , Yoon Hyung-Ok
Published: March 2023

We discuss the structures of exotic candidates and why it is interesting to measure them in heavy ion collisions. We take the X(3872) and Tcc to illustrate our point.
Experimental Status of the Chiral Magnetic Effect
Authors: Finch Evan
Published: March 2023

Experimental searches for definitive evidence of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in heavy-ion collisions have become increasingly ingenious over the past decade, but a clear separation of any CME signal from flow-related backgrounds remains elusive. Although the isobar analysis by STAR does not appear to show a signal given the current preliminary background estimate, there is a tantalizing statistically significant signal in Au-Au at top RHIC energy using a spectator plane versus participant plane analysis. I discuss the status of these works in some detail, and discuss the possible advantage of an analysis that takes advantage of the expected correlation between the parity-odd event-by-event CME signal and other parity-odd measures such as the net hyperon helicity.
Modelling of hillslope storage under temporally varied rainfall recharge
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Cheng , Huang Tzu-Ting
Published: March 2023

Water storage inside hillslopes is a crucial issue of environment and water resources. This study separately built a numerical model and an analytical model employing a hillslope-storage equation to simulate the water storage in a sloping aquifer response to recharge. The variable width of hillslope was hypothetically represented by an exponential function to categorize the hillslope into three types: uniform, convergent, and divergent. An integral transform technique was introduced to derive the analytical solution whereas a finite difference method was employed for the numerical modelling. As a result, under the same scenario a gap existed between the two solutions to distinct forms of the water storage equation, and the gap decreases with a falling recharge rate for convergent hillslopes. Moreover, all outflows gradually approached one value based on different hillslopes under the same accumulative recharge amount for six typical rainfall recharge patterns. Particularly, while the recharge stops, the outflow decreases and then mildly rises for a long time for convergent hillslope because of the slow water release near the upstream boundary where the storage water is relatively abundant due to the widest width.
On stochastic orders and total positivity
Authors: Dümbgen Lutz , Mösching Alexandre
Published: March 2023

The usual stochastic order and the likelihood ratio order between probability distributions on the real line are reviewed in full generality. In addition, for the distribution of a random pair (X, Y), it is shown that the conditional distributions of Y, given X = x, are increasing in x with respect to the likelihood ratio order if and only if the joint distribution of (X, Y) is totally positive of order two (TP2) in a certain sense. It is also shown that these three types of constraints are stable under weak convergence, and that weak convergence of TP2 distributions implies convergence of the conditional distributions just mentioned.
Lung Ultrasound as a Promising Diagnostic Tool for Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Schroeder Ines , Scharf Christina , Schneider Julia , Weggesser Patricia , Hübner Lucas , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Michel Sebastian , Schneider Christian , Clevert Dirk-Andre , Sabel Bastian , Irlbeck Michael , Scheiermann Patrick
Published: March 2023

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the quantification of B-lines via lung ultrasound after lung transplantation is feasible and correlates with the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction.

Methods Following lung transplantation, patients underwent daily lung ultrasound on postoperative days 1–3. B-lines were quantified by an ultrasound score based on the number of single and confluent B-lines per intercostal space, using a four-region protocol. The ultrasound score was correlated with the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction. Furthermore, correlation analyses and receiver operating characteristics analyses taking into account ultrasound score, chest radiographs, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were performed.

Results A total of 32 patients (91 ultrasound measurements) were included, whereby 10 were diagnosed with primary graft dysfunction. The median B-line score was 5 [IQR: 4, 8]. There was a significant correlation between B-line score and the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). A significant correlation could also be seen between chest X-rays and primary graft dysfunction (r = 0.34, p = 0.008), but the B-line score showed superiority over chest X-rays with respect to diagnosing primary graft dysfunction in the receiver operating characteristics curves with an area under the curve value of 0.921 versus 0.708. There was a significant negative correlation between B-line score and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = –0.41, p < 0.001), but not between chest X-rays and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = –0.14, p = 0.279).

Conclusion The appearance of B-lines correlated well with primary graft dysfunction and outperformed chest radiographs.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen: eine Einführung und Einladung
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: March 2023

Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen sind digitale Medizinprodukte, welche die Behandlung von Patientinnen und Patienten unterstützen. Hierzu zählen Apps, aber auch browserbasierte Anwendungen. DiGAs, die im DiGA-Verzeichnis gelistet sind, werden durch die Krankenkasse erstattet und haben das Bewertungsverfahren des Bundesministeriums für Arznei- und Medizinprodukte erfolgreich durchlaufen. Bei der Bewertung werden Angaben zu den Produkteigenschaften, der Datensicherheit und dem vom Hersteller nachzuweisenden positiven Versorgungseffekt geprüft.
Reagent-Free Esterification from Benzoyl Hydrazines and Alcohols under Electrochemical Conditions
Authors: Feng Pengju , Xie Peixu , Peng Xichao
Published: March 2023

A scalable electrochemical esterification between aroylhydrazides and alcohols to give structurally versatile carboxylic esters was developed. This strategy features mild reaction conditions and a relatively broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. In addition, the transformation is operationally simple and free from external oxidants and mediating chemical reagents.
Protein Turnover in Skeletal Muscle: Looking at Molecular Regulation
towards an Active Lifestyle
Authors: Ferreira Rita Pinho , Duarte Jose Alberto
Published: March 2023

Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, able to change its mass and
functional properties in response to several stimuli. Skeletal muscle mass is
influenced by the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, which is
regulated by several signaling pathways. The relative contribution of
Akt/mTOR signaling, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, autophagy among other
signaling pathways to protein turnover and, therefore, to skeletal muscle mass,
differs depending on the wasting or loading condition and muscle type. By
modulating mitochondria biogenesis, PGC-1α has a major role in the
cell’s bioenergetic status and, thus, on protein turnover. In fact,
rates of protein turnover regulate differently the levels of distinct protein
classes in response to atrophic or hypertrophic stimuli. Mitochondrial protein
turnover rates may be enhanced in wasting conditions, whereas the increased
turnover of myofibrillar proteins triggers muscle mass gain. The present review
aims to update the knowledge on the molecular pathways implicated in the
regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, focusing on how distinct
muscle proteins may be modulated by lifestyle interventions with emphasis on
exercise training. The comprehensive analysis of the anabolic effects of
exercise programs will pave the way to the tailored management of muscle wasting
conditions.
“Unvoluntary” Movement Disorders: Distinguishing between Tics, Akathisia, Restless Legs, and Stereotypies
Authors: Nilles Christelle , Amorelli Gabriel , Pringsheim Tamara M. , Martino Davide
Published: March 2023

Tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless legs fall at different places on the spectrum of discrete, unwanted and potentially disabling motor routines. Unlike tremor, chorea, myoclonus, or dystonia, this subgroup of abnormal movements is characterized by the subject's variable ability to inhibit or release undesired motor patterns on demand. Though it may be sometimes clinically challenging, it is crucial to distinguish these “unvoluntary” motor behaviors because secondary causes and management approaches differ substantially. To this end, physicians must consider the degree of repetitiveness of the movements, the existence of volitional control, and the association with sensory symptoms, or cognitive-ideational antecedent. This review aims to summarize the current existing knowledge on phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless leg syndrome.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Time in Range: Association with Adverse Outcomes among People with Type 2 or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bitar Ghamar , Cornthwaite Joycelyn A. , Sadek Sandra , Ghorayeb Tala , Daye Nahla , Nazeer Sarah , Ghafir Danna , Cornthwaite John , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha M. , Fishel Bartal Michal
Published: March 2023

Objective Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become available for women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. The recommended time in range (TIR, blood glucose 70–140 mg/dL) and its correlation with adverse pregnancy outcomes in this group is unknown. Our aim was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant people with T2DM or GDM with average CGM TIR values >70 versus ≤70%.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals using CGM during pregnancy from January 2017 to June 2022. Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, or those missing CGM or delivery data were excluded. Primary composite neonatal outcome included any of the following: large for gestational age, NICU admission, need for intravenous glucose, respiratory support, or neonatal death. Secondary outcomes included other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results During the study period, 141 individuals with diabetes utilized CGM during pregnancy, with 65 (46%) meeting inclusion criteria. Of the study population, 28 (43%) had TIR ≤70% and 37 (57%) had TIR > 70%. Compared with those with TIR > 70%, the primary composite outcome occurred more frequently in neonates of individuals TIR ≤70% (71.4 vs. 37.8%, aOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.7). Furthermore, individuals with TIR ≤70% were more likely to have hypertensive disorders (42.9 vs. 16.2%, OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 13.0), preterm delivery (54 vs. 27%, OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 9.1), and cesarean delivery (96.4 vs. 51.4%, OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.2, 15.1) compared with those with TIR >70%.

Conclusion Among people with T2DM or GDM who utilized CGM during pregnancy, 4 out 10 individuals had TIR ≤70% and, compared with those with TIR > 70%, they had a higher likelihood of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.

Key Points
New model offers 3D insights into plasma-based space propulsion systems
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: March 2023

A 3D model of Hall Thrusters more accurately represents electron drift instabilities.
A study of random variables in terms of the number operator
Authors: Stan A. I. , Popa G. , Dutta R.
Published: March 2023

We show first how the joint semi-quantum and quantum operators of a finite family of random variables having finite moments of all orders can be recovered from their joint number operator. We then characterize the polynomially symmetric and polynomially factorizable random variables in terms of their joint number operator. Finally, we present the quantum decomposition of the number and quantum operators of the random variables whose orthogonal polynomials are the Gegenbauer polynomials.
Azimuthal structures and turbulent transport in Penning discharge
Authors: Tyushev M. , Papahn Zadeh M. , Sharma V. , Sengupta M. , Raitses Y. , Boeuf J.-P. , Smolyakov A.
Published: March 2023

Azimuthal structures in cylindrical Penning discharge are studied with a 2D3V radial–azimuthal PIC/MCC model with the axial magnetic field. The discharge is self-consistently supported by ionization due to the axial injection of electrons. It is shown that the steady-state discharge can be supported in two different regimes with different types of observed azimuthal structures. The transition between the regimes is controlled by the mechanism of the energy input to the discharge. In the first regime (low energy of the injected electrons), with the pronounced m = 1 spoke activity, the power input is dominated by the energy absorption due to the radial current and self-consistent electric field. In the other regime (higher energy of the injected electrons), with prevalent small-scale m > 1 spiral structures, and the lower values of the anomalous transport, the total energy deposited to the discharge is lower and is mostly due to the direct input of the kinetic energy from the axial electron beam. We show that the large (m = 1) spoke and small-scale structures occur as a result of Simon–Hoh and lower hybrid instabilities driven by the electric field, density gradient, and collisions.
Resolving the mystery of electron perpendicular temperature spike in the plasma sheath
Authors: Zhang Yanzeng , Li Yuzhi , Srinivasan Bhuvana , Tang Xian-Zhu
Published: March 2023

A large family of plasmas has collisional mean-free-path much longer than the non-neutral sheath width, which scales with the plasma Debye length. The plasmas, particularly the electrons, assume strong temperature anisotropy in the sheath. The temperature in the sheath flow direction (Te∥) is lower and drops toward the wall as a result of the decompressional cooling by the accelerating sheath flow. The electron temperature in the transverse direction of the flow field (Te⊥) not only is higher but also spikes up in the sheath. This abnormal behavior of Te⊥ spike is found to be the result of a negative gradient of the parallel heat flux of transverse degrees of freedom (qes) in the sheath. The non-zero heat flux qes is induced by pitch-angle scattering of electrons via either their interaction with self-excited electromagnetic waves in a nearly collisionless plasma or Coulomb collision in a collisional plasma, or both in the intermediate regime of plasma collisionality.
Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor
Authors: Jahanbakhsh Sina , Hare Jack Davies , Meister Hans , Ingesson Christian , Majewski Marcin , Penzel Florian , Schmitt Stefan , Walach Ulrich , Dubois Marc
Published: March 2023

For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity sn, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO2 membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on Si3N4 membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO2 substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER.
Dispersive and kinetic effects on kinked Alfvén wave packets: A comparative study with fluid and hybrid models
Authors: Tenerani Anna , González Carlos , Sioulas Nikos , Shi Chen , Velli Marco
Published: March 2023

We investigate dispersive and kinetic effects on the evolution of a two-dimensional kinked Alfvén wave packet by comparing results from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Hall-MHD, and hybrid simulations of a low-β plasma. We find that the Hall term determines the overall evolution of the wave packet over a characteristic time τ*=τaℓ/di in both fluid and hybrid models. Dispersion of the wave packet leads to the conversion of the wave energy into internal plasma energy. When kinetic protons are considered, the proton internal energy increase has contributions from both plasma compressions and phase space mixing. The latter occurs in the direction parallel to the guiding mean magnetic field, due to protons resonating at the Alfvén speed with a compressible mode forced by the wave packet. Implications of our results for switchbacks observations and solar wind energetics are discussed.
Experimental investigation on cylinder noise and its reductions by identifying aerodynamic sound sources in flow fields
Authors: Zheng Chuntai , Zhou Peng , Zhong Siyang , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2023

Through anechoic wind tunnel tests, this study comprehensively investigates the noise and drag reductions on a circular cylinder with dimples. Dimples built on a surface pattern fabric cover the cylinder surface as one of the passive flow control methods. The force, noise, and flow field measurements are performed at diameter-based Reynolds numbers ranging from 3×104 to 1.3×105, covering the sub-critical, critical, and supercritical regimes. The force and noise measurement results show that dimple fabric simultaneously reduces noise and drag in the critical regime. The changes in flow structures were characterized by the Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements. Based on the vortex sound theory, the flow analysis shows that the dominant sound sources are found to be concentrated near the cylinder surface, which is caused by the unsteady vortex motions near the separation locations during the process of vortex shedding. The cross-correlation between the synchronized TR-PIV and microphone measurements further supports the conclusions. Moreover, the cylinder noise reductions controlled by the dimples are directly associated with the reduced sound sources in the critical and supercritical regimes, corresponding to the reduced strength of the vortex shedding.
A thorough experimental investigation on airfoil turbulence interaction noise
Authors: Bowen L. , Celik A. , Azarpeyvand M.
Published: March 2023

This paper on airfoil turbulence interaction noise reveals the nature of the relation between the distortion type of turbulent structures and radiated far-field noise. The turbulence interaction phenomenon is explored through comprehensive simultaneous hot-wire, surface pressure, and far-field noise measurements. Two grid turbulence cases are utilized to examine the effect of the coherent structure's length scale compared to the airfoil's leading-edge radius. The results show that the turbulent structures with a size comparable to the leading-edge radius disperse into smaller three-dimensional structures, losing their spatial coherence in the vicinity of the stagnation point. In contrast, the structures with larger integral length scales distort into highly coherent two-dimensional structures, yielding an increase in the surface pressure fluctuation energy spectra and the chordwise extent of the affected area by the interaction phenomenon, which is found to be responsible for the increased levels of far-field noise. The turbulence characteristics of the flow far upstream of the stagnation point determine the unsteady loading behavior at the stagnation point yet have little influence on the unsteady loading of the full airfoil chord. The stagnation point velocity fluctuations manifest a strong link to the remainder of the airfoil chord, as well as the near-field hydrodynamic to far-field acoustic signal coherence, while demonstrating no communication with the surface pressure fluctuations at the stagnation point.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in recognition and detection of environmental oestrogens: a review
Authors: Hu Cunming , Wang Yu , Wang Ying , Guan Ming
Published: March 2023

Environmental context Environmental oestrogens are a type of endocrine disruptor; their variety, wide range of sources and long-term accumulation in the environment seriously harm the environment ecology and human health. The specific identification, adsorption and detection of environmental oestrogens in the environment, food and drugs is of great significance. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have high stability under harsh chemical and physical conditions and involve simple preparation and low cost, which leads to great potential for practical applications. We summarise and discuss recent research advances and future developments of MIP-based monitoring technologies for environmental oestrogens. Abstract The growing persistence of environmental oestrogenic pollutants is a worrying concern because of their endocrine disrupting activities and potentially hazardous consequences on environmental matrices, ecology and human health. The long-term persistence of environmental oestrogens leads to their accumulation in the environment and organisms, which in turn reach humans through the food chain pathway. Chronic exposure to environmental oestrogens causes several serious health problems, such as infertility and breast cancer, and affects the development of children’s reproductive system, which illustrates the importance of monitoring and removing environmental oestrogens from the environment. The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for that purpose has acquired a lot of traction in recent years. MIPs are artificial antibodies with selective recognition cavities for specifically targeted substances. They are created using a variety of imprinted polymerisation methods and employed in various pretreatment techniques and numerous types of sensors to be used in a wide range of applications. In this review, we introduce different production methods of MIPs and various analytical strategies for the detection and analysis of environmental oestrogens using MIPs, such as HPLC, electrochemical and optical sensors. Finally, the advantages and limitations of various MIP-based analytical techniques are compared, and the expected future trends and future developments are discussed.
The development of a multispectral pyrometer for achievable true temperature field measurements of the explosion flame
Authors: Wang Zhentao , Dai Jingmin , Yang Sen
Published: March 2023

The temperature measurement of explosion flames is a key challenge in the field of weapons research. Many pyrometers have been developed to determine the accurate temperature of the explosion flame. However, these pyrometers can only measure the true temperature curve and the brightness temperature field of explosion flames, not their true temperature field. A multispectral pyrometer that measures the true temperature field of the explosion flame is developed in this paper. The multispectral pyrometer acquires brightness temperature field images at four different wavelengths of the explosion flame at the same moment using synchronous spectral-splitting technology. The pixels of the obtained four brightness temperature field images are then aligned using an edge feature-based image matching algorithm. The true temperature value is finally calculated for each pixel using multispectral radiation thermometry to construct the true temperature field of the explosion flame. Based on the experimental results, the true temperature field of the explosion flame can be measured with the proposed multispectral pyrometer.
Stochastic particle advection velocimetry (SPAV): theory, simulations, and proof-of-concept experiments
Authors: Zhou Ke , Li Jiaqi , Hong Jiarong , Grauer Samuel J
Published: March 2023

Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is widely used to measure time-resolved, three-dimensional velocity and pressure fields in fluid dynamics research. Inaccurate localization and tracking of particles is a key source of error in PTV, especially for single camera defocusing, plenoptic imaging, and digital in-line holography (DIH) sensors. To address this issue, we developed stochastic particle advection velocimetry (SPAV): a statistical data loss that improves the accuracy of PTV. SPAV is based on an explicit particle advection model that predicts particle positions over time as a function of the estimated velocity field. The model can account for non-ideal effects like drag on inertial particles. A statistical data loss that compares the tracked and advected particle positions, accounting for arbitrary localization and tracking uncertainties, is derived and approximated. We implement our approach using a physics-informed neural network, which simultaneously minimizes the SPAV data loss, a Navier–Stokes physics loss, and a wall boundary loss, where appropriate. Results are reported for simulated and experimental DIH-PTV measurements of laminar and turbulent flows. Our statistical approach significantly improves the accuracy of PTV reconstructions compared to a conventional data loss, resulting in an average reduction of error close to 50%. Furthermore, our framework can be readily adapted to work with other data assimilation techniques like state observer, Kalman filter, and adjoint-variational methods.
Traceable S-parameter measurements up to 90 GHz in 1.35 mm coaxial
Authors: Stokes Daniel , Gellersen Frauke , Allal Djamel , Skinner James , Phung Gia Ngoc , Kuhlmann Karsten
Published: March 2023

As part of a joint program three National Measurement Institutes around Europe—the National Physical Laboratory in the UK, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Germany and the Laboratoire National de métrologie et d’essais in France—have each established new capabilities for the traceable measurement of S-parameters up to 90 GHz in the new 1.35 mm (E band) coaxial connector. Each institution has established their own measurement systems to access the full frequency band for the connector, utilising a variety of commercially available equipment and measurement setups. Each have also developed their own calibration techniques and verification methods using different vector network analyser calibration routines. These include optimised multi-line Through Reflect Line, multiple Offset Shorts Through and Short Open Load Reciprocal (SOLR) schemes. Uncertainties for each of these setups and calibration schemes were determined utilising theoretical models of the systems and calibration standards, or through verification methods, with different effects being derived from the dimensional characteristics for each of the different standards or verification artifacts. The different dimensional systems used to make these measurements were also developed and established previously as part of the same program. The last part of this exercise was a three-way intercomparison between the laboratories. The comparison involved the measurement of a set of four traveling standards, including both 1-port and 2-port as well as plug (male) and jack (female) devices, each with different reflection and transmission characteristics to better test and demonstrate the equivalence of the capabilities.
Thermally activated upconversion luminescence and ratiometric temperature sensing under 1064 nm/808 nm excitation
Authors: Wang Yanxing , Li Wenjing , Ma Yaqun , Hu Bo , Chen Xueli , Lv Ruichan
Published: March 2023

In this research, a thermally activated upconversion luminescence (UCL) probe with ratiometric temperature sensing under 1064 nm and 808 nm excitation was designed. Especially, Nd3+, Tm3+ and Ce3+ were doped in rare earth nanoparticles (RENPs) as UCL modulators. By optimizing the elements and ratios, the excitation wavelength is successfully modulated to 1064 nm excitation with UCL intensity enhanced. Additionally, the prepared RENPs have a significant temperature response at 1064 nm excitation and can be used for thermochromic coatings. The intensity ratio of three-photon UCL (1064 nm excitation) to two-photon UCL (808 nm excitation) as an exponential function of temperature can be used as a ratiometric temperature detector. Therefore, this designed thermochromic coatings may enable new applications in optoelectronic device and industrial sensor.
Mid-infrared laser operation of (Er0.07La0.10Y0.83)2O3 sesquioxide ceramic
Authors: Balabanov Stanislav , Loiko Pavel , Basyrova Liza , Permin Dmitry , Kosyanov Denis , Evstropov Timofey , Filofeev Sergey , Braud Alain , Camy Patrice
Published: March 2023

A transparent sesquioxide ceramic (Er0.07La0.10Y0.83)2O3 was fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1780 °C for 3 h with lanthana acting as a sintering additive. It was of single-phase nature (sp. gr. Ia

3
ˉ

) with a close-packed microstructure (average grain size: 17 μm, pore content: 5 ppmv) and high transparency of 80% at 1.1 μm. The La3+ ions induced additional inhomogeneous broadening in the absorption and emission spectra of Er3+ ions. For the 4I11/2→4I13/2 transition, the stimulated-emission cross-section σ
SE was 1.06 × 10−20 cm2 at 2719 nm and the luminescence lifetimes of the 4I11/2/4I13/2 states amounted to 2.73/5.91 ms, respectively. A (Er0.07La0.10Y0.83)2O3 ceramic laser generated 300 mW at 2840 nm with a slope efficiency of 27.7% and a laser threshold of only 17 mW.
Sub-synchronous Oscillation Control of the DFIG System with SVG Based on Feedback Linearization of RSC
Authors: Xue Jingwei , Lin Yi , Tang Yuchen , Wei Xin , Wang Yongjie , Tang Haohuan , Xue Ancheng
Published: March 2023

To suppress the subsynchronous oscillation in the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system with Static VAR Generator (SVG), a feedback linearization control (FLC) method for rotor-side converter (RSC) is proposed, and its oscillation effect under small disturbances is analyzed and verified. Firstly, a 22-order time-domain model of a DFIG system with SVG is established. Secondly, combined with the principle of feedback linearization, the corresponding control method is designed for RSC inner loop control. Thirdly, the effects of PI control and feedback linearization control FLC on the system stability are compared when different parameters change under small disturbance. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Analysis and Simulation Study on a Fault of Service Duty Test of Vacuum On-load Tap Changer
Authors: Lei Yuanyuan , Zhao Linjie , Zhu Qiang , Bao Lianwei , Cheng Jianwei , Yang Jiahui
Published: March 2023

Aiming at a fault on service duty test of vacuum on-load tap changer (OLTC), the principle of the resonance test method is analyzed. Combined with the voltage and current waveform measured and the standard switching sequence, the cause and process of the test fault are qualitatively deduced. Based on the theoretical analysis, the simulation model of the test circuit and fault is built based on PSCAD. The voltage and current waveforms obtained by simulation are highly consistent with the test waveforms. The error of peak current between the simulation and the test waveform is 0.75%. The simulation results show the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and modeling calculation, they are verified by the follow-up inspection results of OLTC and vacuum tube solution. This paper provides a powerful technical means for fault analysis and fault mechanism research in the follow-up OLTC operation. It also has reference and guiding significance for the quality control, design, operation and maintenance, and monitoring of vacuum OLTC.
Lithium Battery Life Prediction Based on DBN and LSTM
Authors: Ran Bo , Yuan Huimei
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the low adaptability and inaccuracy of a single network in predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium batteries, this paper proposed a prediction method based on the combination of Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Mogrifier Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM). Firstly, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method was used to preprocess the capacity data of lithium battery, and the feature information of the data was extracted by correlation analysis, which can effectively solve the regeneration of battery capacity. In addition, the decomposed high-frequency and low-frequency data are trained and predicted by DBN and Mogrifier LSTM networks respectively. The experimental results show that this method has high effectiveness and superiority.
Simulation on Vibration Characteristics of Oil Tank of Flexible DC Transformer with Different Foundation
Authors: Bi Chaohao , Lei Xiangsheng , Yu Mengze , Lin Gang , Qin Xinyan
Published: March 2023

The transformer vibration and noise under the action of voltage and current is a serious problem to the equipment itself and the environment. In this paper, a newly designed and manufactured flexible DC transformer is considered. To reduce vibration and noise of the transformer through proper installation on the foundation, the vibration characteristics of the oil tank with different foundation designs are analysed. The numerical simulation model of the oil tank with two kinds of foundation is established based on the FEA. The convergence of the numerical model is verified through coarse and fine meshes. The vibration characteristics, including the natural frequencies, the modal shapes, and the harmonic responses, are revealed based on the simulation. The present results can provide a foundation of the vibration noise analysis and vibration reduction optimization of the transformer.
Modular Design of Micro Pile Drilling Rig for Cableway Transportation
Authors: Chen Weiyu , Xiao Dairui , Fang Qing , Liu Ruijun , Wan Deming , Xu Chunguang
Published: March 2023

At present, the construction of UHV ±800kV and above DC power is in a period of rapid development, and the UHV field will usher in a market of hundreds of billions of dollars. The construction period in the construction project is very important for the early investment of the project to generate economic benefits. The construction time of the tower foundation platform in the project is the key point. The mountainous terrain is numerous and complex, and the geology is also very different, which brings great difficulties to the construction schedule. The related micro-pile professional large-scale mechanical equipment has just started in China, and the design of professional micro-pile that is in line with the tower foundation platform construction in the power industry is accelerated. Drilling construction equipment is very necessary; considering the construction cost of construction roads and the increasing domestic requirements for green environmental protection, the designed professional drilling construction equipment must meet the conditions of cableway transportation to reduce construction costs and improve the minimum damage to the environment, among which The load-bearing limit of ropeway transportation is generally not more than 3.5t. Jiangxi Dongrui Machinery Co., Ltd. has comprehensively designed and manufactured relevant professional micro-pile construction drilling equipment, realized the modular design of micro-pile drilling rigs, and disassembled related drilling rigs. Compared with the traditional integral drilling rig, the designed modular micro pile drilling rig WZFT300 has the characteristics of stronger terrain application, wider application scenarios, stronger functions, high economic benefits and high degree of digitization.
Solution Algorithm and Experimental Verification on Behavior of Crossing Frame Impacted by Conductor Breaking
Authors: Ma Yong , Jiang Ming , Xiong Zhiming , Liu Chengzhi , Meng Fanhao
Published: March 2023

The problem that impact dynamics caused by conductor breakage is not considered in the design of the crossing frame appear at present. Therefore, the system dynamics solution algorithm of conductor impact crossing frame was established based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Taking the conductor test of free swing and free drop as an example, the correctness of the algorithm was verified. The results shown that the beam element was used to establish the system dynamic equations which was solved by Newmark method. Penalty function method was used to calculate the contact between conductor and hard sealing net pole of crossing frame. The test results indicated that the conductor was in curve bending state when the conductor impacted blocking pole, the conductor shape was in good agreement with the calculation results. The correctness of the algorithm was verified to a certain extent, which provided an effective theoretical basis for the design and calculation of the crossing frame based on the impact dynamic behavior of conductors.
Development and study of ultrasonic immersion testing system for industrial and metrological application
Authors: Yadav Kalpana , Kumar Rahul , Dhiman Nitin , Yadav Sanjay , Dubey P.K.
Published: March 2023

Ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) is one of the
prominent field involving inspection to evaluate defects, cracks,
deposition or fusion of welding materials and dimensional
measurements of the test piece(s). Ultrasonic immersion scanning
systems are useful for various industrial and metrological
applications. The conventional immersion system uses a dedicated
pulser receiver module for the excitation and detection of signal
from transducer and a fast analog data acquisition card (DAQ) to
acquire the raw data into computer. Rigorous digital signal
processing and filtering is used to extract desired information from
the raw data. In the present work, development of an ultrasonic
immersion C-scan testing system, intended for industrial and
metrological applications, is described. The developed system uses a
commercial ultrasonic flaw detector (UFD) for the data acquisition
rather than using pulser receiver and DAQ card to acquire ultrasonic
information. The software for the same has been developed in Visual
Basic .NET framework to control all five servo motor based axes of
the ultrasonic immersion scanning tank. The developed software scans
the sample automatically with parameters specified by the user. The
parameters include echo amplitude, echo location, separation between
two echoes, and ultrasonic attenuation. The developed software
generates the data files that can later be used for further analysis
using suitable data analysis software such as Origin or MS
excel. The functionality of the developed system has been tested for
the detection of flaws present in the material, testing for
thickness variation and ultrasonic attenuation. The developed system
is capable of detecting the location of defects within the
resolution of ±0.01 mm. Ultrasonic transducer movement
resolution of ±0.01 mm over the sample, results in to
generation of a high quality image.
An application of the shortest path algorithm for the identification of weak MHD mode
Authors: HUANG Zhuo , MAO Feiyue , DING Yonghua , TIAN Wei , HUANG Mingxiang , LI Da , SHEN Chengshuo , WANG Nengchao , LIANG Yunfeng
Published: March 2023

The identification of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes is a crucial issue in the control of magnetically confined plasmas. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the evolution of MHD modes from a signal with a low signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed method generates a weighted directed graph from the time-frequency spectrum and calculates the evolution of the mode frequency by solving the shortest path. This method addresses the limitations posed by the lack of data channels and the disturbance of noise in the estimation of mode frequency and yields much better results compared to traditional methods. It is demonstrated that, using this method, the evolution of an unlocked tearing mode was more accurately calculated on the J-TEXT tokamak. This method remains feasible even with a low signal-to-noise ratio of 0.5, as shown by its uncertainty. Furthermore, with appropriate parameters, this method can be applied to not only signals with MHD modes, but also to general signals with continuous modes.
The ciliary lumen accommodates passive diffusion and vesicle-assisted trafficking in cytoplasm–ciliary transport
Authors: Ruba Andrew , Tingey Mark , Luo Wangxi , Yu Jingjie , Evangelou Athanasios , Higgins Rachel , Khim Saovleak , Yang Weidong
Published: March 2023

Virtual three-dimensional superresolution light microscopy is used to map the movements of membrane and soluble proteins from the cytoplasm to the primary cilium in live cells. Besides the intraflagellar transport route, passive diffusion and vesicle trafficking within the lumen of the primary cilium are adopted by proteins for cytoplasm–ciliary transport.
Recruitment of the lipid kinase Mss4 to the meiotic spindle pole promotes prospore membrane formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nunez Greisly , Zhang Kai , Mogbheli Kaveh , Hollingsworth Nancy M. , Neiman Aaron M.
Published: March 2023

We show that Ady4 is a targeting factor that recruits the lipid kinase Mss4 to the meiotic SPB in yeast. The SPB protein Spo21 binds membranes through a positively charged helix and this is essential for proper membrane formation. Ady4 recruitment of Mss4 likely alters the local membrane composition to stabilize the SPB/membrane interaction.