bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contesting Almsgiving in Post-New Order Indonesia
Authors: Latief Hilman
Published: March 2021

This article explores the origin and development of the ideas and practice of zakat (Islamic tax) on salary and identifies how it affects the nature of zakat practice in contemporary Indonesia. The recent trend suggests that Indonesian Muslims are attempting to translate and reinterpret the Islamic concept of social justice by utilizing zakat on salary (zakat profesi) as a discursive center. Despite the fact that this has been the subject of heated debate among Muslim scholars since the 1980s, the Indonesian state has attempted to make its payment mandatory by enacting zakat regulations at both the provincial and district levels. This new phenomenon is stimulating new debates among the country’s Islamic scholars over the legality, from a jurisprudential aspect, of imposing zakat regulations on civil servants. Some believe that zakat practice has been precisely prescribed in the Qur’an and Sunnah and thus such an “innovation” is not necessary; others consider zakat to belong to that part of the Islamic ethical and economic system that is open to reinterpretation and innovation. Disagreement among Islamic scholars, competition between civil society organizations and state agencies, and tension between the government (political authorities) as a policymaker and people at the grassroots level are indications of how almsgiving is contested in democratic Indonesia.
Teaching about Islam in Africa
Authors: Uthup Thomas
Published: March 2021

What are the major pillars of education today? The International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century focused on this question in its report to the premier United Nations agency in education: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In its report, “Learning: The Treasure Within,” the commission stated that life-long education is based upon four pillars: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.1 But is learning about religion a steel bar in these pillars? Certainly, the High-Level Group (HLG) appointed by Kofi Annan, the African UN Secretary General (1997-2006), to undertake the major UN intercultural initiative – the UN Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) – seemed to think so. The HLG report stressed the role of learning about religion as a key element of preparing future citizens for a world characterized by cultural diversity.What are the major pillars of education today? The International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century focused on this question in its report to the premier United Nations agency in education: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In its report, “Learning: The Treasure Within,” the commission stated that life-long education is based upon four pillars: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.1 But is learning about religion a steel bar in these pillars? Certainly, the High-Level Group (HLG) appointed by Kofi Annan, the African UN Secretary General (1997-2006), to undertake the major UN intercultural initiative – the UN Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) – seemed to think so. The HLG report stressed the role of learning about religion as a key element of preparing future citizens for a world characterized by cultural diversity.2 In his Cultural Forces in World Politics(1990), Ali Mazrui explored the seven functions of culture in society. Briefly put, these are culture as a worldview, a source of identity, stratification, communication, value systems, motivation, and as a means of production and modes of consumption. I apply this framework to my analysis of the seven functions of Islam in Africa and link them with the UNESCO and UNAOC reports to underline the need for modern well-educated Africans to learn about Islam in Africa. In his Cultural Forces in World Politics(1990), Ali Mazrui explored the seven functions of culture in society. Briefly put, these are culture as a worldview, a source of identity, stratification, communication, value systems, motivation, and as a means of production and modes of consumption. I apply this framework to my analysis of the seven functions of Islam in Africa and link them with the UNESCO and UNAOC reports to underline the need for modern well-educated Africans to learn about Islam in Africa.
South Africa’s Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Haron Muhammed
Published: March 2021

As a discipline, “Islamic studies” has attracted serious attention by a number of institutions of higher learning in predominantly nonMuslim societies. While southern Africa’s communities witnessed the inclusion of “Islam” as a subject in the faculties of theology at various regional universities as well as Christian seminaries, Muslim communities have clamored for the appointment of Muslim staff at universities to teach courses on Islam. On the whole, these educational developments bode well for the teaching and studying of Islam regionally, even though the purpose and objectives for doing so differ radically from one institution to the other. This essay first seeks to offer a brief insight into the teaching of “Islam” as a subject in theological/oriental/religious studies programs; it thereafter reflects upon “Islamic studies” as a social science discipline that has been included in the social science and humanities syllabus. It focuses on the BA Honors program to show the themes chosen for these programs and how scholars redesigned and changed these programs to meet modern needs. Apart from using “social change” as its theoretical framework, it also brings en passantinto view the insider/outsider binary that further frames the debates regarding the teaching and studying of Islam at these institutions in southern Africa generally and South Africa in particular.
Beyond Textuality in Islamic Legal Exegesis
Authors: Zakariyah Luqman
Published: March 2021

When studying textuality in the codification1 of Islamic legal maxims (qawā‘id fiqhīyah), it is worth researching how intertextuality and hypertextuality can be used as linguistic mechanisms to help understand Qur’anic texts and how such texts cohere to form legal maxims in Islamic criminal law. An in-depth study of medieval Qur’anic exegetes reveals the length to which Muslim scholars have gone to link texts to extract contextual meanings from the Qur’an and, perhaps, to codify Islamic legal maxims. Two such approaches are intertextuality and hypertextuality. This article examines how the linguistic mechanisms defined herein complement juristic methodology in codifying Islamic legal maxims from Qur’anic exegesis. It explores several relevant exegeses, illustrates that maxims codified through intertextuality and hypertextuality are more far-reaching than those codified through textuality alone, and emphasizes these legal maxims’ application toaspects of criminal law. I conclude that were it not for juristic methodologies, many objectives of Islamic law would have been misconstrued in the process of identifying the texts’ meanings.
Religions, Lifeways, Same Difference
Authors: Delgado Jibreel
Published: March 2021

A number of far-right politicians and conservatives in the United States continue to argue that the First Amendment’s freedom of beliefdoes not apply to Islam because it is not a religion in the western sense of the term, but a way of life that includes politics. By providingdefinitions from both western sociologists of religion and conservative political lobbyists and think tanks, I show that mostexperts on religion in the United States define religion as a way of life that governs behavior in the public sphere. I also argue that thesedefinitions match similar definitions, offered by Muslim scholars in the Middle East and South Asia for the last fifty years, of the Arabicword dīn, typically translated as “religion.” By tracing the origins of the idea that dīn signifies something other than religion because of its relation to regulating public behavior, I show that earlier mid-twentieth century Muslim critiques of equating dīn and religion had little to do with any intrinsic nature if Islam itself and far more to do with western scholarship of that period’s understanding of secularity, conceptualization of the state, and prediction of the inevitable demise of religious belief and practice.
The Growing Trend of Homeschooling in the Washington Metropolitan Area Muslim Community
Authors: Seif-Amirhosseini Zahra
Published: March 2021

This research seeks to explain the apparent increase in the number of Muslim families in the Washington metropolitan area who are choosing to homeschool their children. Despite being a proportionally slim percentage of the homeschool population, they have faced some negative attention stemming from concerns about Muslim homeschoolers’ qualifications, expertise, citizenship, and even loyalty to the United States. Our project attempts to ascertain the motives and reasons behind this growing trend by choosing a representative sample of Muslim homeschoolers and conducting in-depth interviews, engaging in participant observation, and sending out questionnaires. We placed our findings within the broader study of homeschooling, both historically and theoretically, so that it would serve as a cross reference as well as a comparison of Muslim and other homeschoolers. Our findings indicate that the main reasons for this increase are very similar to those noted among other faith-based homeschoolers: religion, family values, and a morally based education in a safe environment.
The Islamic Secular
Authors: Jackson Sherman A
Published: March 2021

It is common to assume an inherent conflict between the substance of the category “religion” and the category “secular.” Given its putative rejection of the separation between the sacred and the profane, this conflict is presumed to be all the more solid in Islam. But even assuming Islam’s rejection of the sacred/profane dichotomy, there may be other ways of defining the secular in Islam and of thinking about its relationship with the religion. This is what the present essay sets out to do. By taking Sharia as its point of departure, it looks at the latter’s self-imposed limits as the boundary between a mode of assessing human acts that is grounded in concrete revelational sources (and/or their extension) and modes of assessing human acts that are independent of such sources, yet not necessarily outside God’s adjudicative gaze. This non-shar‘ī realm, it is argued, is the realm of the “Islamic secular.” It is “secular” inasmuchas it is differentiated from Sharia as the basis for assessing human acts. It remains “Islamic,” however, and thus “religious,” in its rejection of the notion of proceeding “as if God did not exist.” As I will show, this distinction between the shar‘ī and the nonshar‘ ī has a long pedigree in the Islamic legal (and theological) tradition. As such, the notion of the Islamic secular is more of an excavation than an innovation.
O Projeto Banca da Ciência
Authors: Michelone Catarina , Alves Cathia
Published: March 2021

Esse relato é fruto de ações do projeto de extensão do Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP – câmpus Salto), é um recorte de uma ação ampla, intitulada “Banca da Ciência na Escola”, que nasceu na Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP). Geralmente, as práticas deste projeto são realizadas no contra turno escolar, sob uma perspectiva lúdica em conexão com manifestações artístico-culturais e temas sociais, por meio de intervenções não-formais em ambiente escolar e espaços públicos. Nesse caso específico, o Banca da Ciência, por meio de jogos e dinâmicas que envolveram a diversidade cultural propiciou o acesso e democratização sobre questões de diferenças e identidades a partir de contextos culturais, históricos e sociais promovendo reflexões e tensionamentos em torno da interseccionalidade de gênero, raça e classe, para alunos e alunas de escolas públicas na cidade de Salto - SP.
Self-actualization and Self-efficacy in the Elderly in a Ludic Italian Language Learning Program
Authors: Silva Nilce da , Carbonneau Hélène
Published: March 2021

This article presents the conceptual framework developed for the study “Self-actualization and self-efficacy in the elderly in a ludic foreign language program.” We explicate the theoretical grounds for the ludic teaching approach used in the Italian language learning program Pian, piano si va lontano. Based on the concept of ludicity, this serious leisure activity is a form of social participation that fosters self-actualization and hence feelings of self-efficacy in older learners. We conclude with some research avenues to gain a deeper understanding of the protective effects of bilingualism on cognitive functioning in the elderly and the role of a ludic teaching approach in enhancing these protective effects from a gerontagogical perspective.
Exposição “Futebol Feminino e suas Nuances em Tempos de Copa”
Authors: Montenegro Nara Romero , Ferreira Maísa
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a realização de uma exposição intitulada “Futebol Feminino e suas nuances em tempos de Copa” na Biblioteca da Faculdade de Educação Física da Unicamp entre o período de 29 de maio a 30 de julho de 2019. Nesta exposição, a ideia central foi divulgar e, consequentemente, provocar discussões a respeito da história do Futebol Feminino. Nela constavam jornais, revistas, leis, fotografias, além de objetos da cultura material, como medalhas, troféus, uniformes, dentre outros, a nível nacional e regional. A exposição, contou no evento de abertura com a presença da ex-jogadora da seleção brasileira Aline Pellegrino e repercutiu para além dos muros da universidade, recebendo visitas de veículos da imprensa e de escolas públicas. Suscitaram ainda questões sobre memória do futebol feminino, seus desafios e conquistas ao longo do tempo, bem como possibilidade de transformações.
Aplicação da Lei de Incentivo à Cultura na Democratização do Acesso ao Lazer
Authors: Silva Eliaidina Wagna Oliveira da , Lima Karina de Oliveira , Lima Alba Janes Santos , Santos Maria José Coelho dos
Published: March 2021

O artigo analisa a Lei de Incentivo à Cultura na democratização das artes, como fonte do lazer popular, inseridas nos direitos sociais. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica com leitura descritiva dos incentivos fiscais e sua parceria público-privada aplicadas no fomento do entretenimento às populações periféricas. Em análise multidisciplinar de Cesnik (2012), Coelho (2009), Costa (2020), Nagayama (2020) dialogadas com Almeida (2020), Barbosa (2012), Dumazedier (1975, 1979), Gomes (2014) e Marcellino (1997, 2015), apresenta-se a necessidade de medidas inclusivas a serviço do lazer, que nesse texto se conecta com as artes e a cultura. Percebe-se a isenção tributária manipulada pelo capital e interesses políticos a reclamar reestruturação das instituições públicas atuantes na exigência das políticas públicas de cultura enquanto lazer acessível às camadas de baixa renda, de forma regional e pluralista.
PERBANDINGAN DAYA DUKUNG TIANG TUNGGAL BERDASARKAN BENTUK PONDASI MENGGUNAKAN DATA SPT DAN SONDIR
Authors: Fajarsari Ega Julia
Published: March 2021

Apabila pada suatu struktur bangunan, tanah dibawahnya tidak mampu memikul beban pondasi atau memiliki daya dukung yang rendah, maka akan terjadi penurunan yang tinggi sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada struktur bangunan yang ada diatasnya. Dalam merencanakan pondasi untuk suatu konstruksi bangunan sangatlah penting untuk menganalisis daya dukung dari pondasi tersebut. Untuk dapat menghasilkan daya dukung yang akurat maka diperlukan suatu penyelidikan tanah yang akurat juga. Penyelidikan tanah terbagi menjadi dua yaitu penyelidikan tanah lapangan dan laboratorium. Ada beberapa penyelidikan tanah lapangan diantaranya yaitu penyelidikan Sondir dan Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbandingan nilai daya dukung berdasarkan bentuk pondasinya yaitu persegi dan spun pile menggunakan data Standard Penetration Test (SPT) dan data Sondir. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, nilai daya dukung yang lebih tinggi adalah nilai daya dukung pondasi tiang tunggal dengan bentuk persegi 30 x 30 cm baik menggunakan data SPT maupun sondir. Untuk nilai daya dukung tiang persegi yang diperoleh berdasarkan data SPT pada BH-1, BH-2 dan BH-3 masing – masing sebesar 55,58 ton, 58,61 ton dan 53,35 ton serta nilai daya dukung yang diperoleh berdasarkan data Sondir pada S-4, S-5 dan S-7 masing – masing sebesar 48,82 ton, 116,18 ton dan 30,91 ton. Untuk dimensi 40 cm nilai daya dukung yang lebih tinggi sama seperti sebelumnya yaitu tiang persegi baik menggunakan data SPT maupun sondir yaitu masing – masing sebesar 88,83 ton, 94,78 ton dan 84,58 ton untuk BH-1, BH-2 dan BH-3 serta 70,99 ton, 178,37 ton dan 46,78 ton untuk S-4, S-5 dan S-7. Nilai presentase selisih rata – rata antara tiang persegi 30 x 30 cm dan spun pile 30 cm sebesar 31,55 % sedangkan presentase selisih rata – rata antara tiang persegi 40 x 40 cm dan spun pile 40 cm sebesar 38,22 %.
Assessing the Motivations for Migration Among West African Immigrants in Itinerant Retail Trading in Ghana
Authors: Yendaw Elijah , Borbor Frank Mawutor , Asante-Afari Kwadwo
Published: March 2021

Though West African itinerant immigrant traders have become an indispensable constituent of the Ghanaian economy, it is as yet unknown what their motivations for migration are in the extant literature. Using a mixed-methods approach, this paper examined the drivers of migration among West African itinerant petty traders in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana. The paper, which was underpinned by the push-pull migration theory, surveyed 779 itinerant immigrant traders and conducted nine key informant interviews. Descriptive and bivariate statistics as well as chi-square were the main analytical techniques used to present the findings. The results indicated that most of the immigrants migrated into the country primarily to hunt for job opportunities. The analysis further revealed that about a third of the immigrants selected Ghana as their preferred destination in West Africa due to the belief that Ghanaians are hospitable people. The practical implications and theoretical contributions of this paper are discussed.
Sharecropping arrangement in the contemporary agricultural economy of Ghana: A study of Techiman North District and Sefwi Wiawso Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Baah Kwasi , Kidido Joseph Kwaku
Published: March 2021

The desire for plantation farms and the availability of fertile uncultivated lands coupled with the influx of migrant farmers into the plantation frontiers during the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries largely occasioned the emergence of the share cropping mechanism in the then Gold Coast. Using two districts in Ghana, this study examined sharecroppers land access mode in the contemporary agricultural economy of Ghana. Mixed methods research was used in this study and focused on sharecrop-tenants as well as the sharecrop-landlords as the key research respondents. The results show that across the two areas, abunu system of tenancy was the dominant sharecropping arrangement.  The benefit share of the landlord has moved from one-third (1/3) per the traditional abusa tenant system to 50% under the modern abunu system for tree crop plantations. The tenant-farmers’ percentage share has, however, declined from 2/3 to ½ under the current abunu system and in some cases the sharing arrangement is restricted to the proceeds and not the land. Again, the tenants now have to make upfront monetary payment in order to access land, which was not the case in the past. The share tenancy arrangement is on an evolutionary trajectory towards equalizing entitlements to proceeds, in a manner that seems to disadvantage the tenant farmers and keep them in the cycle of tenancy.  The study underscores the need for further research to fully understand the drivers of these variations and emerging trends of the sharecropping land access dynamics for an informed policy response.
Compulsory land acquisition by government and litigations in Ghana: an empirical study of three educational institutions in Wa Municipality
Authors: Osumanu Issaka Kanton , Agyekum Prince , Bosommi Prosper Laari
Published: March 2021

This study examined government’s compulsory acquisitions of land for public educational infrastructure development in Ghana, using three case studies in Wa Municipality of Upper West Region. The strategy of inquiry was qualitative, involving key informant interviews with heads of the acquiring authorities and beneficiary institutions as well as semi-structured interviews with pre-acquiring owners and settlers of the lands. The findings revealed that the processes of compulsory acquisition of the subject lands had been delayed, and it is unclear when they would be completed. The processes were not properly followed as determined in the State Lands Regulations of 1962 (L.I. 230) and its subsequent amendments, which provide the processes or procedures for state acquisition of lands under the State Lands Act of 1962 (Act 125), leading to agitations and litigations between landlords and government institutions. The study attributes the problems of compulsory land acquisition to failure of acquiring institutions to follow procedures laid by regulations on compulsory acquisition. It recommends that landowners should be represented in the acquisition process from the onset to ensure fairness and prompt payment of adequate compensation as provided for by the law to reduce tension and litigations between government institutions and landlords.
Influence of immunomodulation on intracellular cytokine expression by spleen T-helpers of mice immunized by Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG
Authors: Klyueva S. N. , Goncharova A. Yu. , Kravtsov A. L. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To characterize the intracellular expression of cytokines by spleen T-helpers and the spontaneous production of cytokines in the blood of BALB/c mice immunized with Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG against the background of immunomodulation.Materials and methods. Intracellular expression of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+IL-4+, CD4+IL-17+ was determined in mice spleen cell suspensions by flow cytometry, IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured in ELISA in blood supernatants on day 3 and day 21 after the immunization with Y. pestis EV against the background of immunomodulation. On day 21 after the immunization animals were infected by Y. pestis 231 at a dose of 400 LD50.Results. Differences in cytokine response to studied drugs, correlated with CD4+IFN-γ+ levels in animals, were identified. On day 3, a significant decrease in CD4+IFN-γ+ was observed in response to Y. pestis EV and to recombinant gamma interferon (Ingaron). A significant increase in CD4+IFN-γ+ was detected in response to vaccine strain administered with azoximer bromide (Polyoxidonium). Intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 increased on day 21by an average of 2,3 times when immunomodulators were used in the immunization schedule. In addition, on day 21 a significant (p ˂ 0.05) increase in the proportion of T-helpers expressing IFN-γ, as well as in level of spontaneous IFN-γ production in blood supernatants was observed only in animals immunized by schedules that included immunomodulators. After the challenge with Y. pestis 231 of animals previously immunized by schedules that included Polyoxidonium, the correlation analysis confirmed the association (r = 0,94; p = 0,0004) of mice survival with intensity of CD4+IFN-γ+ expression.Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of Polyoxidonium application in experimental animal Y. pestis EV immunization schedule and the usefulness of intracellular cytokine expression measurement for assessment of the level of protection following the immunization.
Controlled Growth of Strontium Sulfate Particles in Aqueous Solution: Inhibition Effects of a Bubble Column Evaporator
Authors: Wan Nafi Atikah , Taseidifar Mojtaba , Pashley Richard M. , Ninham Barry W.
Published: March 2021

In the oil industry, strontium sulfate (SrSO4) scale deposits have long plagued oilfield and gas production operations. This remains an unsolved problem. We here show how the bubble column evaporator (BCE) can be used to control aqueous precipitation from salt solutions.
Mixtures of strontium nitrate and sodium sulfate in the BCE system were used to precipitate strontium sulfate at different degrees of supersaturation. The effectiveness of the BCE system was compared to standard mechanical stirring. The precipitation of strontium sulfate in both processes was monitored through turbidimeter, particle counting, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that the BCE system has a significant inhibition effect and so can be used to control precipitation growth rate, even from supersaturated solutions. This remarkable effect also provides new insights into mechanisms of crystallisation, of bubble interactions and mineral flotation.
Overview
Authors: Ninham Barry W. , Pashley Richard M.
Published: March 2021

It is an indisputable observation, beyond climate change: that the urgent development of simple new technologies, to ensure the supply of quality fresh water for cities and towns, industry and agriculture, presents an existential challenge for humanity.

Several novel technologies that fill that need show that the job is not impossible. They are summarized in this volume. They are environmentally friendly and inexpensive.

They include techniques for seawater desalination, wastewater sterilization –including viruses-, selective removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, efficient concentration of wastewater slimes to recycle water, and the prevention of water cavitation for much cheaper transport. Other new techniques like high temperature reactions achieved in low temperature water, and low energy desalination are in the wings. Borrowing from biology , new and edible class of surfactants  is environmentally friendly, and can replace standard surfactants in present useage. The new technologies are cheap and scalable.
Efficient Dewatering of Slimes and Sludges with a Bubble Column Evaporator
Authors: Ziaee Mohammad , Taseidifar Mojtaba , Pashley Richard M. , Ninham Barry W.
Published: March 2021

The recalcitrant nightmare of de-watering slime/sludge is a major issue, for both industry and the environment. A simple process is developed that solves the problem. It uses a bubble column evaporator (BCE) with heated dry air. The model slime to illustrate the de-watering process was a concentrated dispersion of spherical 5 micron silica particles in pure water. Typical slime samples were de-watered in the range 20-35% colloid/water (w/w) using dry inlet gases pre-heated to temperatures of 150°C and 250°C. The BCE process was run at sub-boiling temperatures, with the column solution in the range, 43°C and 74°C, with those two inlet temperatures operating for de-watering the slime. A significant bonus is that the pure water vapour produced can be condensed and used as a source of high-quality water for reuse. The BCE process offers simplicity, resilience to slime feed quality, and a pure water biproduct. It also offers a continuous and controlled low-maintenance process. These are clear advantages in de-watering a wide variety of industrial slimes and sludges. In addition, the process involves the passage of a continuous flow of hot dry gases. This causes the dispersion to remain sufficiently fluid to allow easy transportation. However, once the hot gas flow ceased, the dispersion immediately solidified. The success of the bubble column process for dewatering and validation of the mechanism is even more enhanced if helium is used instead of air. It appears that hot helium atoms can disrupt water hydrogen-bonding in the liquid surrounding the hot bubbles and this enhances water vapour collection efficiency. The bubble method appears to offer more than significant advantages over other methods, such as hydrocyclone methods, which are often used to de-water mining wastes.
The Sociology of Organization Theory
Authors: Huda A. T. M. Shamsul
Published: March 2021

Among the legacies of technical assistance in Public Administration to developing countries, the most notable is the network of institutions devoted to training, education and research in the field. The failure of Anzerican Public Administration did not necessarily lead to a rejection of Public Administration as a worthy subject for continued study and research. Rather such a failure was responsible for an intensive search to find out as to what had gone wrong in the field. The outcoine of the process has informed subsequent generation of academicialls and practitioners about the dangers of indiscriminate tlnnsfer of teclmologies developed ~n the western world to the developing countries. Even when some technologies that may seem relevant will need considerable ~liodificationp rior to their introductionin a different culture. What has come to be known as "ecology" in Public Administration is considered an important determinant in technology transfer.
Public Sector Carpet Mills
Authors: M. M. Reza
Published: March 2021

The case study is lilnited to two carpet factories established under the public sector in 1980, namely, Baghdad-Dhaka Carpet Factory (BDCF) and Furat Kan~aphuliC arpet Factory (FKCF). It describes the background leading to the setring-up of the mills and their operational experience in the field of production, marketing and finance. Problems faced in each of these fields have been highlighted while noting BJMC's attempts at resolving these. The paper ends with a survey of the current management dilemma as to how to ensure profitability of the two carpet factories. A few steps have been suggested which may be considered for evolving a rescue package for the sick industry.
Utilization of Remittance in Bangladesh by Migrant Families: A Micro-level Inquiry in Five Selected Upazilas
Authors: Nasrin Akter
Published: March 2021

Remittance has become a significant contributor to the Bangladesh economy. As migrant workers from Bangladesh gradually increased over the years, the amount of annual remittance to the country rose significantly. According to the World Bank, Bangladesh now stands as one of the largest recipients of remittances. The country received almost $15 billion as of June 2019 in the 2018-2019 financial year. There is a definite correlation between macro-economic policies and the flow of remittance. But both flows of remittances and their uses in Bangladesh have not been guided by any notable policy framework. Hence to maximize the flow of remittance and reap benefits from it at the domestic front, it is imperative to have a concerted policy effort. However, limited empirical works had been done about the actual productive purposes of remittance at the domestic level. This paper tries to understand the level of productive uses of remittances at the domestic level and also to find out barriers to productive uses of it. Keywords: Remittance, remittance flow, uses of remittance, barriers of productive uses, economic development, Bangladesh
UDC and e-Service Delivery at Local Government Level in Bangladesh: A Framework for e-Government
Authors: Saleheen Saroar Ahmed
Published: March 2021

This is the age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which has brought change by being an integral part of governmental service delivery of the twenty-first century. Public service delivery is a great concern for governments. The present government of Bangladesh has realized this fact of ICT and has introduced ICT based Union Digital Centre (UDC), district and upazila web portals to provide quicker and smoother services to the people for creating “Digital Bangladesh”. The main focus of this study is to bring citizens under the whole e-governance system. ICT based UDCs are the main actors for this purpose.

The present government has set up 4547 service centres at every Union level (the lowest tier of Local Government) which is known as Union Digital Centre (UDC). ICT based UDCs providetime and cost effective some sorts of off-line and online door step services to the rural people.The broad objective of this study is to make an e-government framework at the local government level in Bangladesh by providing e-services through UDC. The specific objectives are: To find out the role of UDC in public service delivery at the local government level in Bangladesh; and to know the effectiveness of UDC in promoting e-government by delivering e-services to the people. This study has attempted a qualitative research approach to obtain its objectives.
THE FOLIAR SPRAY APPLICATION OF SELECTED ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SELECTED PLANTS – A REVIEW
Authors: Priya Shukla  , Swati Jayswal  , Bharat Maitreya
Published: March 2021

The organic fertilizer or manures like banana peel, coconut peat and waste milk tea (TW) are highly rich in nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus etc. (Vu, H. T., et al., 2018; Khan, M.Z., et al., 2019; Sial, T.A., et al., 2019). The sandy soil is one of the most severe conditions which negatively affect the growth of plant. The aim of the study is to report the foliar spray effect of milk tea waste extract, banana peel extract, coconut peat extract, on the growth of coriander and spinach plants. In this analysis different pots for various organic fertilizers were used to check their effect on plant growth and to investigate the improvement of biochemical properties of sandy soil (Vu, H. T., et al., 2018; Khan, M.Z., et al., 2019; Sial, T.A., et al., 2019).According to review, using various fertilizers growth parameters like plant height, numbers of leaves, shoot moisture content, NPK content present selected in plants can be compared. This review describes the best organic fertilizer among banana peel, coconut peat and waste milk tea and their effect on the growth parameters of coriander and spinach plant.

KEYWORDS: Banana peel, Coconut peat, Waste milk tea, Fertilizer, Plants growth, Soil analysis.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIABILITY EXCEPTIONS OF THE SEA CARRIERS UNDER INTERNATIONAL MARITIME CONVENTIONS
Authors:   Baku State University, Feyruz Shivakhanli Ziya
Published: March 2021

Key words: Rotterdam Rules, Hague Rules, liability exceptions, sea carrier
ЕСІК ЖАЗУЫ – ТҮРКІ ХАЛЫҚТАРЫНЫҢ АСЫЛ МҰРАСЫ
Authors:   Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халақаралық қазақ-түрік университеті, Дәндейұлы Бекжан Орынбай
Published: March 2021

Keywords: Issyk letter, sign, ancient inscriptions, Turkic languages, silver bowl.
BEYNƏLXALQ VALYUTA FONDUNUN FƏALİYYƏTİNDƏ PROBLEMLƏR
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Elnur qızı Qasımova Nərmin
Published: March 2021

Key words: currency, financial crisis, credit, budget deficit, reforms
“COVID-19” КАК РЫЧАГ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ
Authors:   Бакинский государственный университет, Новруз оглу Исмайилзаде Турал
Published: March 2021

Key words: Covid-19, infectious disease, industrial revolution, New World, social isolation, technological paradigms, digital world, global change
PRACTICE FOR APPLYING SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN SOCIAL FIELD ABROAD
Authors:   Baku State University, Novruz Ismayilzadeh Tural
Published: March 2021

Key words: social policy, social innovation, social technologies, social development, the effectiveness of social innovation, social management and social concepts
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ САМООЦЕНКИ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ МЛАДШИХ КЛАССОВ
Authors:   Баку, Азербайджан, Закир гызы Талибова Лала
Published: March 2021

Key words: self-esteem, personality, primary school students
THE ROLE OF TRANSLANGUAGING IN SHAPING AN INCLUSIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Baku Slavic University, Akif Abbasova Aygun
Published: March 2021

Key words: translanguaging, intercultural communication, educational process, bilingualism, multilingualism
MƏKTƏBƏQƏDƏR YAŞLI DİSLALİYALI UŞAQLARDA DİLİN QRAMMATİK TƏRƏFLƏRİNİNFORMALAŞDIRILMASI ÜZRƏ İŞİN MƏZMUNU
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Asif qızı Mustafayeva Qəndab
Published: March 2021

Key words: differential diagnostics, dyslalia, dysarthria component, preschool education, correctional pedagogy
XX ƏSRIN 50-CI İLLƏRİNDƏ AZƏRBAYCAN RƏNGKARLIĞINDA TƏSVİRİ SƏNƏTƏ QOVUŞMUŞ QADIN OBRAZLARIN XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Rəssamlıq Akademiyası, Nazim qızı Məmmədova Fidan
Published: March 2021

Key words: female image, portreit,M.Abdullayev, T.Tagiyev, B.Mirzazadeh
SÜLH VƏ İNSANLIQ ƏLEYHİNƏ CİNAYƏTLƏRLƏ MÜBARİZƏYƏ MÜASİR BAXIŞ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Etibar oğlu Əhmədov Oktay
Published: March 2021

Key words: International crimes, peace and humanity, legal responsibility, genocide, security, torture
QANUNİ SAHİBKARLIQ (KOMMERSİYA) FƏALİYYƏTİNƏ MANE OLMA CİNAYƏTİNDƏ VƏZİFƏLİ ŞƏXSLƏRİN ROLU
Authors:   Milli Aviasiya Akademiyası, Sahib oğlu Məmmədzadə Mətləb
Published: March 2021

Key words: entrepreneurial activity, officials, economic activity, legal entrepreneurship
Regularization of $p$-Adic Distributions Associated to Functions on $p$-Adic Fields With Moderate Variation
Authors: ERDOĞAN Altan
Published: March 2021

The $p$-adic distributions attached to ordinary functions defined on $p$-adic fields with moderate variation are studied. We first give a sufficient growth condition on ordinary functions to construct $p$-adic distributions. Then a moderate variation condition on functions for regularization of these $p$-adic distributions is imposed which provides a general method to construct $p$-adic measures. The $p$-adic integrals against these measures are also explicitly transformed to integrals against Bernoulli measures.
PENYALURAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF BAZNAS KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MUSTAHIK (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN SADU)
Authors: Wandi Husein , Mustofa Mohamad Arif , Sapjeriani Sapjeriani
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by the writer's anxiety regarding the Distribution of Productive Zakat BAZNAS in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency in Mustahik Empowerment (Case Study in Sadu District).  The research objective was to find out how the Proseder of Productive Zakat distribution, in the empowerment of mustahik in Sadu District, What are the Supporting and Obstacles in the Distribution of Productive Zakat in Mustahik Empowerment, in Sadu District.

              The result is that in general, from analysts, the distribution of zakat funds at Baznas Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency is only distributed to the poor, amil, and ibnu sabil.  This is according to Imam Malik, Abu Hanifah, which is not obliging the distribution of zakaat to all targets.  However, regarding the opinion of Imam Syafi'i in his book Wahbah Al-Zuhaily that the Syafi'i school says, zakat must be issued to eight groups of people, both zakat fitrah and zakaat mal.  According to Imam Syafi'i zakat is obligatory to be given to eight groups if all the groups exist.  If not, the zakat is only given to the existing groups.

               The inhibiting factors that have been felt by the BAZNAS managers in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency are as follows: a.  Lack of human resources, b.  Inadequate understanding of amil fiqh, c.  Low public awareness, d.  The technology used, e.  Zakat information system.
Pentingnya Visi Dan Misi Dalam Mengelola Suatu Usaha
Authors: Suryadi Djaka
Published: March 2021

Vision and Mission are two words that have a meaning which, vision is a desire of individuals / institutions of the state of the future desired / aspired to by the individual / all members of your organization in all levels of management while the Mission One level of effort, thought, step - step formally to create a mission, meant to clarify what action is desired by the owner of your company and be a handle to run your business now into the foreseeable future until the vision is realized. Vision and Mission is a guide line of work in running the business effectively and efficiently to achieve maximum results, which must be obeyed and executed all line management level, which in turn is expected to be a corporate culture of a business.
Investigating Mathematics Teachers’ Content Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs at Secondary Level
Authors: Tanveer Ahmad  , Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Majoka  , Prof. Dr. Syed Manzoor Hussain Shah
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the content knowledge of mathematics teachers at the secondary level, their attitudes and beliefs towards mathematics instruction in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Researchers used a survey-type quantitative research design to execute this project. The population for this study was comprised of 692 High and Higher Secondary schools of the public sector of both the genders and 1427 mathematics teachers from seven selected districts. The sample was drawn from the population by taking 143 schools (male & female) and 355 mathematics teachers randomly applying the proportional allocation technique. A questionnaire consisting of 80items on content knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs was developed in light of the objectives of the study. The questionnaire was pilot tested to judge the reliability. The value of Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.81.  Experts of items developers were involved to judge the validity of the tool. Data was collected and analyzed using Chi-square (χ2) test. Findings explored that response of mathematics teachers was significant regarding their content knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. But in some concepts of mathematics, they were not competent. Conclusions reveal that in some domains of mathematics, teachers are not competent. It is recommended that continuous refresher courses might be arranged for their capacity building.
On the formation of soft skills in foreign research
Authors: Ivashkova Alexandra Andreevna
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes foreign psychological and pedagogical studies on the problem of the formation of flexible skills in college students. Undoubtedly, today's students are the future employers and employees of the world's most profitable enterprises. The difficult situation in the modern economy shows that it is no longer enough for new graduates to have only knowledge in academic subjects, they are increasingly required to increase the level of additional skills that cannot be obtained in the learning process: creativity, responsibility, communication skills, and many others. For students to stand out as promising assets for multinational organizations, they must invest in the development of what are designated as soft skills. They will increase his prospect of successful employment. Therefore, employers especially value people who have well-developed skills. Soft skills are useful in all areas and are related to emotional intelligence. We could say that soft skills refer to personality traits, social grace, fluency of language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism. Flexible skills complement the rigid skills that are the technical requirements of the profession. It can also be an important part of an organization, especially if the organization deals with people face-to-face. This study provides an overview of foreign literature devoted to the study of the formation of soft skills. According to most Western scientists, flexible skills are the most important competencies necessary for the successful realization of potential; the professional education system is not ready for the formation of soft skills, as a result, a radical change in educational programs and curricula is required; the formation of soft skills involves the use of modern innovative technologies and the involvement of leading specialists in various fields. Soft skills super-professional skills that help you solve life problems and work with other people. Soft skills can not be learned in a training or course, they are laid down in childhood and develop throughout life.
Research of sociocultural family value in the consciousness of military university cadets
Authors: Len Angela A. , Torkunova Olga I. , Filonenko Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The article examines the sociocultural value of the family in the minds of military university cadets in the light of changes that have occurred in the marriage and family sphere in modern Russian society. The first part of the article reveals relevance of this problem, content of terminal values, their classification and characteristics of individual groups. The article highlights some trends that occurred in the public consciousness of the late XX early XXI centuries concerning the values of the marriage and family sphere. To get a deeper insight into the nature of this problem, the authors studied many works, compared the leading scientific approaches of scientists in the study of terminal values. The article examines theoretical ideas about family and marriage relations and the results of empirical research of social and cultural family values in the minds of students in the framework of teaching at the Department for military and political work, Russian Air Force Military Educational and Scientific Center Air Force Academy Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Major Y.A. Gagarin. The authors provide data from the methods and conduct a detailed qualitative analysis of the level of life-meaning orientations and the most significant terminal values of cadets. The educational impact on cadets in order to form the value of the family in a military University is complex. The content of training programs in the disciplines Psychology, Psychology and Pedagogy, Personnel Management in the armed forces of the Russian Federation is aimed at solving this problem. The article makes an important conclusion that the training of cadets for family life is a significant part of military-political work in a military university, and the adjustment and formation of terminal values of young people in accordance with socially significant values is achievable with a systematic, purposeful psychological and pedagogical process of training cadets for marital and family relationship.
Implementation of socio-pedagogical conditions of spiritual and moral development of students in the educational process of the university
Authors: Ibragimova Liliya A. , Mekhdieva Irada Dzhakhangirkizi
Published: March 2021

The article, dedicated to the actual problem of spiritual and moral development and education of bachelors of the pedagogical direction, presents a meaningful analysis of the possibilities and prospects of educational and other organizations carrying out educational activities in the implementation of spiritual and moral development and education of students in social and pedagogical conditions. The directions of interaction between educational organizations and students are determined as a condition for the spiritual and moral development of students in the educational process of the university. The ideas of enlightenment and educational activities for the spiritual and moral development of students of the university, the teachers themselves, based on the basic national values and traditions of national culture. The article presents the fundamental principles of spiritual and moral education and development of bachelors. The main directions of work on the formation of basic concepts included in the structure of self-consciousness are proposed. The role of the consolidating participants in the educational process in the spiritual and moral education of young people is determined. An attempt has been made to analyze educational programs focused on solving the problems of education, development and socialization of university students.