bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From an old sound recording to a new species in the genus Horatosphaga (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae: Acrometopini)
Authors: HELLER K.-G. , BAKER ED
Published: September 2017

Among insects, Orthoptera are a group famous for communicating by sound. This is especially true for bush-crickets (or katydids; Tettigonioidea). All acoustically active species produce sound by rubbing the fore wings (tegmina) against each other, using a stridulatory file situated on the lower side of the left tegmen and a scraper formed by the inner edge of the right tegmen (see e.g., Ragge & Reynolds 1998). Bush-cricket species of the tribe Acrometopini often have complicated stridulatory files and also complex songs, as shown in a recent study (Hemp et al. 2017). During the preparation of that paper we discovered a sound record of a species of the group taken on 16th March 1972 by the entomologist David Hollis in Angola as part of the multi-disciplinary entomological South Western Africa Expedition (for more details see Lane et al. 2011, Pethers 2016). Hollis (principally a hemipterist) published several papers on different groups of insects (see http://bionames.org/authors/David%20Hollis; incomplete), including Orthoptera (see Ingrisch & Willemse 2004). The sound recording was deposited in the British Museum (Natural History) Library of Recorded Insect Sounds, and was later made openly accessible in the BioAcoustica repository (Baker et al. 2015). Hollis had found the animal at light, recorded it on the same day singing on a bush, and brought the specimen (together with two conspecific males) to the Natural History Museum (NHM), London. Here it was later identified as Horatosphaga ?stuhlmanni (Karsch 1896) by D. Ragge, the curator of Orthoptera at the NHM at that time. Under this name (Horatosphaga ?stuhlmanni) the song was described in Hemp et al. 2017. Horatosphaga males are fully winged while females are flightless and plump; sexual dimorphism reaches its extreme form in this group of species. Species of this genus are mostly recorded from open grasslands in savanna habitats up to montane elevations (e.g. H. heteromorpha, Hemp 2013).
A Unified Formulation of Radiative Transfer in Plane-Parallel Atmospheres Based on General Decomposition of Radiance. Part II: An Exemplifying Application to the Hemispherical Harmonics Method with Four Components
Authors: Wang Biao
Published: September 2017

Based on the unified formulation, the so-called hemispherical harmonics method with four components (HSHM4) is derived following the general procedure described in the first paper of this series. The numerical results of this method, including the flux reflections, transmissions, and absorptions for different optical depths, incident beam angles, and single-scattering albedos and the emissions for different optical depths and single-scattering albedos, are reported, in comparison with the results of DISORT with 128 streams as a benchmark. The application of the method to the radiation scheme for climate models is illustrated with the numerical results, including the heating-rate profiles for the shortwave and longwave radiation, radiative fluxes at the top and the bottom boundaries of the atmosphere, and the actinic flux profiles, for typical model atmospheres of Earth and different clear or cloudy conditions. The comparison of results with those of the discrete ordinate methods (DOMs) and the spherical harmonic method (SHM) with four components shows that the HSHM4 has comparable accuracy with the four-stream DOM with double-Gaussian quadrature and is more accurate than the four-stream SHM and the four-stream DOM with full-range Gaussian quadrature in general, especially in the cases of longwave radiation when the multiple-scattering effect should be accounted for. The HSHM4 can be deployed consistently to all of the bands without artificial division between the longwave and shortwave. The development and validation of the HSHM4 exhibit the usefulness of the unified formulation in the study of atmospheric radiative transfer.
Lower-Tropospheric Eddy Momentum Fluxes in Idealized Models and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J. , Held Isaac M. , Zurita-Gotor Pablo , O’Rourke Amanda K.
Published: September 2017

In Earth’s atmosphere eddy momentum fluxes (EMFs) are largest in the upper troposphere, but EMFs in the lower troposphere, although modest in amplitude, have an intriguing structure. To document this structure, the EMFs in the lower tropospheres of a two-layer quasigeostrophic model, a primitive equation model, and the Southern Hemisphere of a reanalysis dataset are investigated. The lower-tropospheric EMFs are very similar in the cores of the jets in both models and the reanalysis data, with EMF divergence (opposing the upper-tropospheric convergence) due to relatively long waves with slow eastward phase speeds and EMF divergence (as in the upper troposphere) due to shorter waves with faster eastward phase speeds.

As the two-layer model is able to capture the EMF divergence by long waves, a qualitative picture of the underlying dynamics is proposed that relies on the negative potential vorticity gradient in the lower layer of the model. Eddies excited by baroclinic instability mix efficiently through a wide region in the lower layer, centered on the latitude of maximum westerlies and encompassing the lower-layer critical latitudes. Near these critical latitudes, the mixing is enhanced, resulting in increased EMF convergence, with compensating EMF divergence in the center of the jet. The EMF convergence at faster phase speeds is due to deep eddies that propagate on the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity gradient.
A Source–Receptor Perspective on the Polar Hydrologic Cycle: Sources, Seasonality, and Arctic–Antarctic Parity in the Hydrologic Cycle Response to CO2 Doubling
Authors: Singh Hansi K. A. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Donohoe Aaron , Rasch Philip J.
Published: September 2017

Numerical water tracers implemented in a global climate model are used to study how polar hydroclimate responds to CO2-induced warming from a source–receptor perspective. Although remote moisture sources contribute substantially more to polar precipitation year-round in the mean state, an increase in locally sourced moisture is crucial to the winter season polar precipitation response to greenhouse gas forcing. In general, the polar hydroclimate response to CO2-induced warming is strongly seasonal: over both the Arctic and Antarctic, locally sourced moisture constitutes a larger fraction of the precipitation in winter, while remote sources become even more dominant in summer. Increased local evaporation in fall and winter is coincident with sea ice retreat, which greatly augments local moisture sources in these seasons. In summer, however, larger contributions from more remote moisture source regions are consistent with an increase in moisture residence times and a longer moisture transport length scale, which produces a robust hydrologic cycle response to CO2-induced warming globally. The critical role of locally sourced moisture in the hydrologic cycle response of both the Arctic and Antarctic is distinct from controlling factors elsewhere on the globe; for this reason, great care should be taken in interpreting polar isotopic proxy records from climate states unlike the present.
Roles of the Moisture and Wave Feedbacks in Shaping the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Bin
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the moisture and wave feedbacks in the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) dynamics by applying the general three-way interaction theoretical model. The three-way interaction model can reproduce observed large-scale characteristics of the MJO in terms of horizontal quadrupole-vortex structure, vertically tilted structure led by planetary boundary layer (PBL) convergence, slow eastward propagation with a period of 30–90 days, and planetary-scale circulation. The moisture feedback effects can be identified in this model by using diagnostic thermodynamic and momentum equations, and the wave feedback effects are investigated by using a diagnostic moisture equation. The moisture feedback is found to be responsible for producing the MJO dispersive modes when the convective adjustment process is slow. The moisture feedback mainly acts to reduce the frequency and growth rate of the short waves, while leaving the planetary waves less affected, so neglecting the moisture feedback is a good approximation for the wavenumber-1 MJO. The wave feedback is shown to slow down the eastward propagation and increase the growth rate of the planetary waves. The wave feedback becomes weak when the convective adjustment time increases, so neglecting the wave feedback is a good approximation for the MJO dynamics during a slow adjustment process. Sensitivities of these two feedbacks to other parameters are also discussed. These theoretical findings suggest that the two feedback processes, and thus the behaviors of the simulated MJO mode, should be sensitive to the parameters used in cumulus parameterizations.
The Role of Synoptic Waves in the Formation and Maintenance of the Western Hemisphere Circulation Pattern
Authors: Tan Xin , Bao Ming , Hartmann Dennis L. , Ceppi Paulo
Published: September 2017

Previous studies have demonstrated that the NAO, the leading mode of atmospheric low-frequency variability over the North Atlantic, could be linked to northeast Pacific climate variability via the downstream propagation of synoptic waves. In those studies, the NAO and the northeast Pacific climate variability are considered as two separate modes that explain the variance over the North Atlantic sector and the east Pacific–North American sector, respectively. A newly identified low-frequency atmospheric regime—the Western Hemisphere (WH) circulation pattern—provides a unique example of a mode of variability that accounts for variance over the whole North Atlantic–North American–North Pacific sector. The role of synoptic waves in the formation and maintenance of the WH pattern is investigated using the ECMWF reanalysis datasets. Persistent WH events are characterized by the propagation of quasi-stationary Rossby waves across the North Pacific–North American–North Atlantic regions and by associated storm-track anomalies. The eddy-induced low-frequency height anomalies maintain the anomalous low-frequency ridge over the Gulf of Alaska, which induces more equatorward propagation of synoptic waves on its downstream side. The eddy forcing favors the strengthening of the midlatitude jet and the deepening of the mid-to-high-latitude trough over the North Atlantic, whereas the deepening of the trough over eastern North America mostly arises from the quasi-stationary waves propagating from the North Pacific. A case study for the 2013/14 winter is examined to illustrate the downstream development of synoptic waves. The roles of synoptic waves in the formation and maintenance of the WH pattern and in linking the northeast Pacific ridge anomaly with the NAO are discussed.
Seasonal Synchronization of a Simple Stochastic Dynamical Model Capturing El Niño Diversity
Authors: Thual Sulian , Majda Andrew , Chen Nan
Published: September 2017

Recently, a simple stochastic dynamical model was developed that automatically captures the diversity and intermittency of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in nature, where state-dependent stochastic wind bursts and nonlinear advection of sea surface temperature (SST) are coupled to simple ocean–atmosphere processes that are otherwise deterministic, linear, and stable. In the present article, it is further shown that the model can reproduce qualitatively the ENSO synchronization (or phase locking) to the seasonal cycle in nature. This goal is achieved by incorporating a cloud radiative feedback that is derived naturally from the model’s atmosphere dynamics with no ad hoc assumptions and accounts in simple fashion for the marked seasonal variations of convective activity and cloud cover in the eastern Pacific. In particular, the weak convective response to SSTs in boreal fall favors the eastern Pacific warming that triggers El Niño events while the increased convective activity and cloud cover during the following spring contributes to the shutdown of those events by blocking incoming shortwave solar radiations. In addition to simulating the ENSO diversity with realistic non-Gaussian statistics in different Niño regions, the eastern Pacific moderate and super El Niño and the central Pacific El Niño and La Niña show a realistic chronology with a tendency to peak in boreal winter as well as decreased predictability in spring consistent with the persistence barrier in nature. The incorporation of other possible seasonal feedbacks in the model is also documented for completeness.
Is There a Role for Human-Induced Climate Change in the Precipitation Decline that Drove the California Drought?
Authors: Seager Richard , Henderson Naomi , Cane Mark A. , Liu Haibo , Nakamura Jennifer
Published: September 2017

The recent California drought was associated with a persistent ridge at the west coast of North America that has been associated with, in part, forcing from warm SST anomalies in the tropical west Pacific. Here it is considered whether there is a role for human-induced climate change in favoring such a west coast ridge. The models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project do not support such a case either in terms of a shift in the mean circulation or in variance that would favor increased intensity or frequency of ridges. The models also do not support shifts toward a drier mean climate or more frequent or intense dry winters or to tropical SST states that would favor west coast ridges. However, reanalyses do show that over the last century there has been a trend toward circulation anomalies over the Pacific–North American domain akin to those during the height of the California drought. The trend has been associated with a trend toward preferential warming of the Indo–west Pacific, an arrangement of tropical oceans and Pacific–North American circulation similar to that during winter 2013/14, the driest winter of the California drought. These height trends, however, are not reproduced in SST-forced atmosphere model ensembles. In contrast, idealized atmosphere modeling suggests that increased tropical Indo-Pacific zonal SST gradients are optimal for forcing height trends that favor a west coast ridge. These results allow a tenuous case for human-driven climate change driving increased gradients and favoring the west coast ridge, but observational data are not sufficiently accurate to confirm or reject this case.
Reducing Model Structural Uncertainty in Climate Model Projections—A Rank-Based Model Combination Approach
Authors: Bhowmik R. Das , Sharma A. , Sankarasubramanian A.
Published: September 2017

Future changes in monthly precipitation are typically evaluated by estimating the shift in the long-term mean/variability or based on the change in the marginal distribution. General circulation model (GCM) precipitation projections deviate across various models and emission scenarios and hence provide no consensus on the expected future change. The current study proposes a rank/percentile-based multimodel combination approach to account for the fact that alternate model projections do not share a common time indexing. The approach is evaluated using 10 GCM historical runs for the current period and is validated by comparing with two approaches: equal weighting and a non-percentile-based optimal weighting. The percentile-based optimal combination exhibits lower values of RMSE in estimating precipitation terciles. Future (2000–49) multimodel projections show that January and July precipitation exhibit an increase in simulated monthly extremes (25th and 75th percentiles) over many climate regions of the conterminous United States.
Evaluation of Gridded Meteorological Datasets for Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Raimonet Melanie , Oudin Ludovic , Thieu Vincent , Silvestre Marie , Vautard Robert , Rabouille Christophe , Le Moigne Patrick
Published: September 2017

The number and refinement of gridded meteorological datasets are on the rise at the global and regional scales. Although these datasets are now commonly used for hydrological modeling, the representation of precipitation amount and timing is crucial to correctly model streamflow. The Génie Rural à 4 paramètres journalier (GR4J) conceptual hydrological model combined with the CEMANEIGE snow routine was calibrated using four temperature and precipitation datasets [Système d’analyse fournissant des renseignements atmosphériques à la neige (SAFRAN), Mesoscale Analysis (MESAN), E-OBS, and Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI)] on 931 French gauged catchments ranging in size from 10 to 10 000 km2. The efficiency of the calibrated hydrological model in simulating streamflow was higher for the models calibrated on high-resolution meteorological datasets (SAFRAN, MESAN) compared to coarse-resolution datasets (E-OBS, WFDEI), as well as for reanalysis (SAFRAN, MESAN, WFDEI) compared to datasets based on interpolation only (E-OBS). The systematic decrease in efficiency associated with precipitation bias or temporality highlights that the use of a hydrological model calibrated on meteorological datasets can assess these datasets, most particularly precipitation. It appears essential that datasets account for high-resolution topography to accurately represent elevation gradients and assimilate dense ground-based observation networks. This is particularly emphasized for hydrological applications in mountainous areas and areas subject to finescale events. For hydrological applications on nonmountainous regions, not subject to finescale events, both regional and global datasets give satisfactory results. It is crucial to continue improving precipitation datasets, especially in mountainous areas, and to assess their sensitivity to eventual corrupted observations. These datasets are essential to correct the bias of climate model outputs and to investigate the impact of climate change on hydrological regimes.
Interdecadal Climate Variations Controlling the Water Level of Lake Qinghai over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Lin , Simon Wang S.-Y. , Meyer Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Using observed and reanalysis data, the pronounced interdecadal variations of Lake Qinghai (LQH) water levels and associated climate factors were diagnosed. From the 1960s to the early 2000s, the water level of LQH in the Tibetan Plateau has experienced a continual decline of 3 m but has since increased considerably. A water budget analysis of the LQH watershed suggested that the water vapor flux divergence is the dominant atmospheric process modulating precipitation and subsequently the lake volume change . The marked interdecadal variability in and was found to be related to the North Pacific (NP) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) modes during the cold season (November–March). Through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and regression analyses, the water vapor sink over the LQH watershed also responds significantly to the summer Eurasian wave train modulated by the low-frequency variability associated with the cold season NP and PDO modes. Removal of these variability modes (NP, PDO, and the Eurasian wave train) led to a residual uptrend in the hydrological variables of , , and precipitation, corresponding to the net water level increase. Attribution analysis using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) single-forcing experiments shows that the simulations driven by greenhouse gas forcing produced a significant increase in the LQH precipitation, while anthropogenic aerosols generated a minor wetting trend as well.
Energetic Submesoscales Maintain Strong Mixed Layer Stratification during an Autumn Storm
Authors: Whitt Daniel B. , Taylor John R.
Published: September 2017

Atmospheric storms are an important driver of changes in upper-ocean stratification and small-scale (1–100 m) turbulence. Yet, the modifying effects of submesoscale (0.1–10 km) motions in the ocean mixed layer on stratification and small-scale turbulence during a storm are not well understood. Here, large-eddy simulations are used to study the coupled response of submesoscale and small-scale turbulence to the passage of an idealized autumn storm, with a wind stress representative of a storm observed in the North Atlantic above the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Because of a relatively shallow mixed layer and a strong downfront wind, existing scaling theory predicts that submesoscales should be unable to restratify the mixed layer during the storm. In contrast, the simulations reveal a persistent and strong mean stratification in the mixed layer both during and after the storm. In addition, the mean dissipation rate remains elevated throughout the mixed layer during the storm, despite the strong mean stratification. These results are attributed to strong spatial variability in stratification and small-scale turbulence at the submesoscale and have important implications for sampling and modeling submesoscales and their effects on stratification and turbulence in the upper ocean.
A Combined Approach to Improving the Regional Model Forecasts for the Rainy Season in China
Authors: Zhao Yanfeng , Wang Donghai , Xu Jianjun
Published: September 2017

A combined forecasting methodology, into which the spectral nudging, lateral boundary filtering, and update initial conditions methods are incorporated, was employed in the regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The intent was to investigate the potential for improving the prediction capability for the rainy season in China via using as many merits of the global model having better predictability as it does for the large-scale circulation and of the regional model as it does for the small-scale features. The combined methodology was found to be successful in improving the prediction of the regional atmospheric circulation and precipitation. It performed best for the larger magnitude precipitation, the relative humidity above 800 hPa, and wind fields below 300 hPa. Furthermore, the larger the magnitude and the longer the lead time, the more obvious is the improvement in terms of the accumulated rainfall of persistent severe rainfall events.
Cultural Differences in Motivation for Seeking Social Support and the Emotional Consequences of Receiving Support: The Role of Influence and Adjustment Goals
Authors: Ishii Keiko , Mojaverian Taraneh , Masuno Kanami , Kim Heejung S.
Published: September 2017

Previous research suggests that the benefits of different types of social support depend on cultural background. However, cultural variations in the underlying motivations for seeking social support and the emotional implications of receiving support have not yet been clearly explored. We hypothesized and found that European Americans emphasized the motivation for self-esteem as a factor in deciding to seek explicit social support (e.g., advice, emotional comfort), whereas Japanese emphasized relational concerns as a factor in deciding to seek implicit social support (e.g., the emotional comfort experienced without disclosing one’s problems). Furthermore, European Americans anticipated experiencing strong feelings of self-esteem and pride regarding receiving support, whereas Japanese anticipated experiencing strong feelings of shame and guilt. Additionally, influence goals mediated cultural differences in the motivation for self-esteem and the experience of self-esteem and pride, whereas adjustment goals mediated cultural differences in relational concerns and the experience of shame and guilt.
Attentional Modulation and Individual Differences in Explaining the Changing Role of Fundamental Frequency in Korean Laryngeal Stop Perception
Authors: Kong Eun Jong , Lee Hyunjung
Published: September 2017

Previous research has shown differential degrees of attention in processing hierarchical linguistic information where higher order cues require greater attention in speech processing. The current study investigated the influence of attentional resources on acoustic cue weightings in speech perception by examining Korean listeners’ identifications of the three-way laryngeal stops (tense vs. lax vs. aspirated). Using a dual-task paradigm, we presented 28 adult Korean listeners with identification tasks blocked by no-distractor versus distractor conditions where arithmetic calculations distracted the listeners’ speech processing. Auditory stimuli were prepared by combining voice-onset times (VOTs) and fundamental frequencies (F0s) based on natural production. Group analyses revealed that VOT was an informative parameter across the three stop laryngeal categories and the listeners’ reliance on VOT was consistently reduced under the distracting condition. Subsequent individual-level analysis further showed that listeners with heavier perceptual reliance on VOT were hindered by the distractor more than others in utilizing VOT. Unlike VOT, the F0 cue did not systematically interact with the distracting listening condition. The findings indicated that VOT (but not F0) required greater attention in processing the Korean laryngeal stops, and was presumably a higher order acoustic cue than F0. The current study contributes to the understanding of attention and cue primacy in general as well as to the clarification of the relative roles of VOT and F0 for the Korean stop laryngeal contrast.
The Institutional Representation of Parliament
Authors: Judge David , Leston-Bandeira Cristina
Published: September 2017

Recent theoretical re-conceptualisations of political representation and contemporary empirical analyses of parliamentary representation have largely neglected the representation of parliaments as institutions. As a consequence, relatively little attention has been focused upon what is being communicated to citizens about parliaments and upon the nature of the parliamentary institutions that citizens are expected to engage with. This is the neglected institutional dimension of parliamentary representation. Using official documents and interview data from 39 key actors in the Scottish, Westminster and European parliaments, we analyse who act as ‘claim-makers’ on behalf of parliaments, the nature of these claims in different political contexts, and the ‘symbolic intent’ and claims associated with the architectural design of parliamentary buildings. We identify a basic paradox of institutional representation in that those who ‘speak for’ (most loudly and most persistently) and ‘act for’ parliaments as institutions are not primarily elected representatives but rather non-elected officials.
Evaluating anchor items and reframing assessment results through a practical application of the Rasch Measurement Model
Authors: Combrinck Celeste , Scherman Vanessa , Maree David
Published: September 2017

The monitoring of learning over time is critical for determining progression within and across cohorts of learners. This research investigated the use of the Rasch Measurement Model to determine the functioning of anchor items as well as an application of the model to convert the results to the same metric. A group of 321 Grade 8 learners and the same in the following school year wrote English Additional Language Comprehension Tests aimed at monitoring learning progression over years. The two tests were linked with 15 anchor items. This study examined the results of the anchor items from Years 1 and 2, applying non-parametric statistical tests as well as the Rasch Partial Credit Model to identify items which did not contribute to monitoring learning progression; these items were removed or refined based on the results and reviews by subject specialists. Learner results from Grades 8 and 9 were placed in the same frame of reference by applying the Rasch Partial Credit Model in order to establish a more accurate representation of the magnitude of learning progression. The first finding illustrated that applying non-parametric statistics and Rasch Measurement Theory identifies potentially problematic anchor items, and that when items are improved or removed, the overall results tend to be more stable and precise. Second, it was found that when applying Rasch item and threshold calibrations to assessment results, a more accurate indication of learning progression is obtained which can be used to communicate results to stakeholders and more importantly, inform teaching and learning.
Quantitative assessment of sexual knowledge and consent capacity in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Kramers-Olen Anne
Published: September 2017

While it is well known that people with an intellectual disability experience the same needs for intimacy as those without an intellectual disability, a number of developmental, structural, environmental, and attitudinal barriers circumvent the expression of sexuality in people with an intellectual disability – particularly in institutional and residential health care settings. People with an intellectual disability generally have lower levels of sexual knowledge than those without an intellectual disability, and sexual exploration and expression is frequently viewed with concern by mental health care practitioners and caregivers, who may regard people with an intellectual disability as being ‘nonsexual’ or ‘hypersexual’. However, the rights of people with an intellectual disability to sexual expression have been established in policy and legislation. Service providers are required at times to make determinations regarding the ability of people with an intellectual disability to consent to sexual intercourse in a number of health care settings. There is a dearth of published literature on psychometric instruments to assess sexual knowledge and consent capacity. This article briefly reviews the more commonly used sexual knowledge and consent assessments for people with mild to moderate intellectual disability and advances recommendations in this regard.
Characterization of fique fibers and evaluation of mechanical properties, abrasive wear resistance, and processability of NR/SBR/BR-fique fibers composites
Authors: Velásquez Sandra , Cardona Natalia , Giraldo Diego
Published: September 2017

In this work, fique fibers used in Colombia’s footwear industry were characterized, functionalized, and added to a natural rubber/butadiene styrene rubber/polybutadiene (NR/SBR/BR) matrix. The morphological analysis of the fibers revealed a preferential orientation with formation of thin layers. The mixing of the composites was carried out in an open roll mill. Curing properties of the compounds were measured by using a moving disk rheometer to establish the effect of the fibers addition in the vulcanization parameters. Abrasive wear resistance, mechanical, and aging properties were evaluated. Processing conditions feasible to obtain NR/SBR/BR-fique fibers composites for commercial applications with suitable mechanical properties were found.
Teacher-Implemented Response Interruption and Redirection: Training, Evaluation, and Descriptive Analysis of Treatment Integrity
Authors: Giles Aimee , Swain Shelley , Quinn Louise , Weifenbach Brittany
Published: September 2017

Response interruption and redirection (RIRD) is an effective intervention for decreasing stereotypy. During RIRD, contingent on occurrences of stereotypy, therapists interrupt the behavior and prompt the participant to complete an alternative response. Although RIRD has been implemented by teachers in classrooms, it requires continuous monitoring of participants to be implemented with fidelity and may be difficult for teachers to manage. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of RIRD when implemented in classrooms. In addition, we evaluated if novice teaching assistants could be trained to implement RIRD. Finally, a descriptive analysis of treatment integrity errors during RIRD was conducted. Three children and teaching assistants participated. Following a written instructions baseline, the teaching assistants were trained to implement RIRD using modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. The training increased the accuracy of RIRD implementation for all participants. Incorrectly initiating and terminating RIRD were the most common treatment integrity errors observed.
Mobile Business Retailing: Driving Experiential Learning on Campus
Authors: Fischbach Sarah , Guerrero Veronica
Published: September 2017

Engaging students in the classroom is a struggle all faculty face especially in the age of modern technology. This article proposes a novel approach to engage and motivate students through the mobile business “on wheels” marketing concept. The growth in mobile business retailing (e.g., food trucks, mobile dog groomers, etc.) is an appealing concept for today’s entrepreneurial-minded students. This concept provides students with an opportunity to combine their creativity with their understanding of the seminal marketing concepts of a principles of marketing course. The project involves two marketing challenges: the promotion of a mobile business retailing event on campus and the development of a marketing plan for a unique mobile business retailing idea developed by the students. The project provides a variety of hands-on, engaging pedagogies to guide the students from concept creation based on primary research through campaign proposals integrating digital media examples. Resources in project design, implementation, evaluation, and critical analysis of this comprehensive marketing project are outlined in this article. Recommendations for future research and implementation are also provided.
The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks: Insights From the Field
Authors: Nowell Branda , Steelman Toddi , Velez Anne-Lise K. , Yang Zheng
Published: September 2017

There is significant debate about the appropriate governance structure in a disaster response. Complex disasters exhibit both networked and hierarchical characteristics. One challenge in the field of disaster management is how to structure a response that reconciles the need for centralized coordination among varied responders while retaining flexibility to mutually adjust operations to quickly changing conditions. A key question with both practical and theoretical relevance is, “are there patterns of relationships that are more robust, efficient and effective?” Missing from the current literature is empirical evidence and theory building concerning what actual network structures and characteristics might be associated with effective incident response to complex disasters. In this article, we collected network cognition data from 25 elite, Type 1 Incident Commanders to construct an ideal-type theoretical social network of an effective incident response network. We then analyzed this model to identify a set of propositions concerning the network structure and governance of effective incident response relative to four key network capabilities: (a) rapid adaptation in response to changing conditions, (b) management of distributed information, (c) bilateral coordination, and (d) emergent collective action. Our data suggest that the structure is neither highly integrated nor rigidly centralized. Rather, it is best characterized as a moderate core–periphery structure. Greater theoretical clarity concerning the capabilities associated with this structure is critical for advancing both research and practice in network governance of complex disasters.
What Works in Israeli Prison-Based Sex Offender Rehabilitation Programs: Program Participants’ Perspective
Authors: Geiger Brenda , Fischer Michael
Published: September 2017

This study invited 10 of the 22 sex offenders enrolled in a prison-based rehabilitation program in one of the prisons in Israel to engage in the two first of the 4-D ( Discover, Dream, Design, and Deliver) stages of the Appreciative Inquiry . Consistent with the responsivity principle, and the IA tenets, program participants were interviewed to Discover components to which they were responsive and Dream/envision additional ones that would increase engagement and progress. Content analysis of the interviews indicated that despite the initial decision to enrol based on external incentives, participants eventually engaged in group therapy and expressed the desire to understand and regulate their sexual behaviour. While the the modules of Cognitive Behabioral Group Therapy (CBT) were viewed as assets, the lack of sufficient recruitment criteria, the large therapy group size, and its open-ended structure were mentioned as impediments reaching therapeutic goals. Social workers/therapists were criticized for their request that they be informers, and for their accusative therapeutic style whenever sexual issues were broached. Recommendations derived from the offenders’ narrative were to increase staff professionalism to create a therapeutic alliance that promotes trust and open communication. Criminal justice practitioners may then take up the challenge of the never-ending process of Appreciative Inquiry to Design and Deliver program components envisioned by the participants to increase participants’ responsivity to the program and thus its effectiveness.
Making sense of the future of libraries
Authors: Dorner Dan , Campbell-Meier Jennifer , Seto Iva
Published: September 2017

We examined five major projects conducted by library associations and related organizations between 2011 and 2016 that focused on the future of libraries and/or librarianship. We employed a sensemaking perspective as the foundation for our research. Through a sensemaking perspective, meaning is intersubjectively co-created. Threats to identity have created triggers for organizations to reexamine the roles of libraries in their communities. This reexamination of the roles of libraries within the community creates or develops a shared context which impacts both professional identity and advocacy efforts. While it is not clear the exact shape and scope of this crisis in the library profession, it is ‘real’ in that it has been meaningfully named, interpreted and enacted. The issue has been discussed coherently and cohesively in the international library community. It is clear that there is concern, internationally, for the future of librarianship.
High Early Fluid Input After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Combined Report of Association With Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Feasibility of Cardiac Output–Guided Fluid Restriction
Authors: Vergouw Leonie J. M. , Egal Mohamud , Bergmans Bas , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Lingsma Hester F. , Vergouwen Mervyn D. I. , Willems Peter W. A. , Oldenbeuving Annemarie W. , Bakker Jan , van der Jagt Mathieu
Published: September 2017

Background:

Guidelines on the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) recommend euvolemia, whereas hypervolemia may cause harm. We investigated whether high early fluid input is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and if fluid input can be safely decreased using transpulmonary thermodilution (TPT).

Methods:

We retrospectively included aSAH patients treated at an academic intensive care unit (2007-2011; cohort 1) or managed with TPT (2011-2013; cohort 2). Local guidelines recommended fluid input of 3 L daily. More fluids were administered when daily fluid balance fell below +500 mL. In cohort 2, fluid input in high-risk patients was guided by cardiac output measured by TPT per a strict protocol. Associations of fluid input and balance with DCI were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression (cohort 1), and changes in hemodynamic indices after institution of TPT assessed with linear mixed models (cohort 2).

Results:

Cumulative fluid input 0 to 72 hours after admission was associated with DCI in cohort 1 (n=223; odds ratio [OR] 1.19/L; 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.32), whereas cumulative fluid balance was not. In cohort 2 (23 patients), using TPT fluid input could be decreased from 6.0 ± 1.0 L before to 3.4 ± 0.3 L; P = .012), while preload parameters and consciousness remained stable.

Conclusion:

High early fluid input was associated with DCI. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring was feasible to reduce fluid input while maintaining preload. These results indicate that fluid loading beyond a normal preload occurs, may increase DCI risk, and can be minimized with TPT.
Online Lactation Education for Healthcare Providers: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Learning Outcomes
Authors: Watkins Amanda L. , Dodgson Joan E. , McClain Darya Bonds
Published: September 2017

Background:

Breastfeeding competencies are not standardized in healthcare education for any of the health professions. A few continuing education/professional development programs have been implemented, but research regarding the efficacy of these programs is scarce.

Research aim:

After a 45-hour lactation course, (a) Does breastfeeding knowledge increase? (b) Do beliefs and attitudes about infant feeding improve? (c) Does perceived behavioral control over performance of evidence-based lactation support practices increase? and (d) Do intentions to carry out evidence-based lactation support practices increase?

Methods:

A nonexperimental pretest–posttest self-report survey design was conducted with a nonprobability sample of participants ( N = 71) in a lactation course. Theory of Planned Behavior variables were measured and a before–after course analysis was completed.

Results:

Significantly higher scores were found on the posttests for knowledge, beliefs about breastfeeding scale, and the perceived behavioral control scale. Participants’ self-efficacy increased after the course; their beliefs about social norms and their ability to effect change in their workplaces did not change significantly. Participants’ intention to perform actions that are consistent with the evidence-based breastfeeding supportive behaviors increased significantly. Positive beliefs about formula feeding significantly increased; this was unexpected.

Conclusion:

The Theory of Planned Behavior provided a useful approach for examining more meaningful learning outcomes than the traditional knowledge and/or satisfaction outcomes. This study was the first to suggest that more meaningful learning outcomes are needed to evaluate lactation programs. However, it is not enough to educate healthcare providers in evidence-based practice; the places they practice must have the infrastructure to support evidence-based practice.
Personal Growth and Well-Being at Work: Contributions of Vocational Psychology
Authors: Dik Bryan J. , O’Connor William F. , Shimizu Adelyn B. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: September 2017

Positive psychology’s focus on human strengths, personal growth, and well-being is frequently applied to career development and the workplace. Such applications also fall within the purview of vocational psychology, yet despite its clear historic and contemporary emphases that support positive psychology goals, the impact of vocational psychology theory, research, and practice on positive psychology has fallen short of its potential. We encourage greater cross-fertilization by explicating how major theoretical paradigms within vocational psychology (person–environment fit, developmental/relational/constructivist perspectives, and social–cognitive career theory) support positive psychology aims. We also summarize recent work on three vocational psychology constructs (work volition, career adaptability, and a sense of calling) that may help to broaden and advance positive psychology’s applications to career development and work behavior. Finally, we discuss future directions for ongoing research related to the vocational and positive psychology intersection, and we outline several implications for career counseling practice.
Personality and Specialty Choice in Speech-Language Pathology Students
Authors: Leonard Morgan V. , Plexico Laura W. , Plumb Allison M.
Published: September 2017

The role of personality in specialty choices of speech-language pathology (SLP) students was examined. Specialty choices were obtained using a demographic questionnaire, and personality was measured with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) in an electronic survey. The personalities of SLP students were compared to students in nine educational majors using Hotelling’s T2-test analyses. Multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to evaluate the effects of the 11 primary personality traits on age and setting choice. SLP students were found to significantly differ from the nine examined majors in the MPQ primary traits—social potency, alienation, aggression, harm avoidance, and control. Students were found to be organized, trusting of peers, nonaggressive, and harm avoidant when compared to other student groups. Personality traits did not significantly contribute to age or facility choice, and the degree of variance in the responses may indicate that a variety of personality types can thrive within the field.
INTUIT: A Career Decision-Making Intervention for Female Offenders in Reentry
Authors: Shivy Victoria A. , Guion David B. , Green Brooke A. , Wingate Jesse A.
Published: September 2017

This study evaluates cross-sectional data from 9 years of the INTUIT: Work and Careers intervention ( N = 491), a program for female offenders in reentry. Of several measures used, participants showed increases on the five career decision-making self-efficacy factors assessed by the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Short Form ( CDMSE-SF), over the course of the intervention, whereas no changes were observed across the same testing period for the control group. When control and invention groups were compared, statistically significant differences were only seen for INTUIT participants in levels of self-appraisal and goal selection. Implications of these findings are addressed.
Continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode contouring control of manipulator based on time delay estimation
Authors: Cao Xiaoxu , Gu Linyi , Qiu Hongxiang , Lai Chengdong , Qin Yanan
Published: September 2017

In this article, a new nonlinear robust contouring control scheme is proposed for a planar manipulator. Compared with the end effector tracking error, contouring error is a more reasonable description of the minimum distance between actual position and desired contour when tracking a complex trajectory. Thus, the task coordinate contour error is selected to evaluate the tracking performance. However, most of the contouring control schemes are designed for biaxial gantry, the planar manipulator system is subjected to payload change, and the conventional contouring controller cannot solve this problem faultlessly. Here, the continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and time delay estimation are integrated to develop a new contouring controller for large curvature trajectory high-speed tracking. The time delay estimation is adopted to estimate the manipulator dynamic and payload change. The tracking precision can be guaranteed even parameter uncertainty exsits. Furthermore, continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode control is integrated with the contouring control to obtain faster convergence performance and robustness of the overall system. The proposed controller possesses obvious advantages, such as robust to payload change and a better performance when tracking a large curvature ellipse in high speed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiment on a planar manipulator.