bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos notificados de meningite no estado do Piauí
Authors: Lima Kaio Filipe Nunes , Gomes Maria Gabriele da Silva , Caxias Hélen Dâmaris Soares da Silva , Cardoso Darwin Renne Florencio , Menezes Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de , Nunes Amanda Torres , Chaves Tatiana Vieira Souza , Silva-Sampaio João Paulo da
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de meningite no Piauí, entre os anos de 2014 a 2021. Métodos: Foram coletados dados através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) do Ministério da Saúde sobre os casos notificados de meningite no estado do Piauí entre os anos de 2014 à 2021. Os dados foram estratificados de acordo com o ano, gênero, faixa etária, etiologia e evolução. Resultados: No período estudado foram notificados 1.160 casos de meningite, 62% foram do sexo masculino. 51% correu na faixa etária de 20 – 59 anos; A meningite viral foi a mais prevalente (39,5%) e, do total de casos notificados, 76,9% evoluiu para alta médica. Conclusão: Observou-se uma diminuição dos casos notificados de meningite dentro do período pesquisado, tal diminuição pode estar associada de forma direta à vacina pneumocócia e também ao impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na regularidade das notificações das demais doenças de notificação compulsória nos anos de 2020 e 2021.
Probiotic and paraprobiotic potential of Bacillus coagulans: Impact of processing and storage on viability and resistance in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Costa Nataly de Almeida , Martins Alisson Felipe Lima , Guimarães Alécia Daila Barros , Capela Arthur Pompilio da , Magalhães Isabela Soares , Arruda Tarsila Rodrigues , Vieira Érica Nascif Rufino , Leite Júnior Bruno Ricardo de Castro
Published: June 2022

Probiotic microorganisms of the genus Bacillus spp. are attractive due to their inherent stability of spore-forming bacteria. Among them, Bacillus coagulans has demonstrated great prospects as a probiotic for food production. This review explores the impacts of the processing and storage on the viability of B. coagulans and how this influences its applicability on different food matrices. In addition, the resistance to the gastrointestinal tract, which is clearly a crucial factor to probiotics, is approached. In parallel, the paraprobiotic potential of B. coagulans is also discussed. Studies evidenced a great survival range of this microorganism during different processing/storage conditions: B. coagulans maintains its availability during thermal and acidic conditions and also can survive in foods with intermediate water activity. Vegetative and sporulated cells of B. coagulans showed great resistance to in vitro simulations of gastrointestinal tract, surviving adverse conditions of pH, osmotic concentration, and temperature. These results suggest that B. coagulans has the potential to be used in the production of different probiotic food matrices.
Utilização de multiteste artesanal e sequência investigativa para o ensino de eletricidade no nível médio
Authors: Schlaucher Luciano , Prado Rogério Junqueira
Published: June 2022

Este estudo objetivou desenvolver um multiteste artesanal, destinado a efetuar medidas elétricas, e uma sequência de ensino investigativa. Assim, utilizou-se, dentre outras, as perspectivas teóricas de Vygotsky (1999; 2007) e de Carvalho (2013) que consideram a intervenção educativa como um auxílio à aquisição dos conhecimentos. A metodologia foi aplicada em duas turmas de 3º ano do Curso Técnico em Edificações integrado ao Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso – Campus Cuiabá. Uma delas foi denominada de Turma de Teste (TT) e a outra de Turma de Controle (TC). Na primeira, os conteúdos foram trabalhados, usando o produto educacional na perspectiva investigativa. Na segunda, empregou-se o modelo tradicional de ensino. As turmas foram avaliadas quantitativamente para verificar a equivalência dos níveis de conhecimento e os conhecimentos iniciais sobre o tema tratado. Ao final, foi realizada uma avaliação quantitativa para que se averiguasse em qual das turmas houve maior eficiência na apropriação dos conteúdos abordados. Os resultados apontaram que a assimilação na TT foi mais eficaz, em virtude do multiteste artesanal e da sequência de ensino investigativa. Conclui-se que a estratégia didática de utilização do produto educacional, por meio da SEI, é mais efetiva para assimilação dos conteúdos referentes à eletricidade.
INTERLEUKIN-6 SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA REAKSI LEPRA DINI
Authors: Siswati Agnes Sri , Rini Lintang Unggul , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang:Â Mayoritas reaksi lepra terjadi selama menggunakan Multi Drug Treatment (MDT) danÂ disebut sebagai reaksi lepra dini. Patomekanisme reaksi lepra melibatkan sitokin pro-inflamasi interleukinÂ (IL)-6.Â Tujuan:Â Mengetahui apakah ekspresi IL-6 awal yang tinggi pada jaringan kulit merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya reaksi lepra dini.Â Metode:Â Penelitian kasus kontrol ini dilakukan pada pasien lepra di RSUP Dr.Â Sardjito menggunakan blok parafin dari sampel biopsi kulit setiap subjek saat penegakan diagnosis. KelompokÂ kasus merupakan pasien yang mengalami reaksi lepra dini, sedangkan kelompok kontrol merupakan pasien tanpa reaksi lepra. Ekspresi IL-6 dilihat dengan pengecatan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi monoklonal IL-6 dan dinilai dengan programÂ ImageJ. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan kejadian reaksi lepra dini.Â Hasil:Â Ekspresi positif IL-6 ditemukan pada neutrofil, limfosit, histiosit epiteloid, sel Langhans, dan sel plasma dalam bentuk granuloma maupun tersebar pada dermis. Nilai ekspresi IL-6 awal â‰¥Â 40,21% meningkatkan risiko kejadian reaksi lepra dini hingga 22,2 kali.Â Kesimpulan dan Saran:Â Ekspresi IL-6Â awal â‰¥ 40,21% pada jaringan kulit saat penegakan diagnosis lepra merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya reaksiÂ lepra dini. Pada pasien yang terdiagnosis lepra dibutuhkan pemeriksaan ekspresi IL-6 awal pada jaringan kulit untuk menilai faktor risiko kejadian reaksi lepra dini.Kata kunci :Â Biopsi kulit, interleukin-6, reaksi lepra dini
PILIHAN TERAPI TERKINI PRURIGO NODULARIS
Authors: Respati Riris Asti , Budianti Windy Keumala
Published: June 2022

Nodus hiperkeratotik yang sangat gatal dengan awitan kronis dan dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup merupakan karakteristik prurigo nodularis. Diagnosis PN berdasarkan penilaian klinis saja tidak sulit dilakukan namun perlu dicari etiologi atau penyakit yang mendasari. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan algoritma untuk menegakkan diagnosis prurigo nodularis. Saat ini terapi prurigo nodularis terdiri atas kortikosteroid topikal, capsaicin, penghambat kalsineurin, fototerapi, dan obat sistemik misalnya gabapentin, antidepresan, serta imunosupresan. Konsep pengobatan prurigo nodularis yang terkini antara lain pemberian opioid receptor antagonist, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, dan anti IL-4 telah dikembangkan, didukung berbagai uji klinis.
Tata laksana komplikasi luka bakar di bidang dermatologi
Authors: Daniaty Dini , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia , Paramitha Larisa , Bernadette Irma
Published: June 2022

Tata laksana komplikasi luka bakar di bidang dermatologi
VULVAR INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA DIFFERENTIATED (dVIN) YANG TEGAK DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN IMUNOHISTOKIMIA P40 DAN Ki67
Authors: Widiasri Kharisma Yuliasis , I Yulia Eka , Ferronika Paranita , Pudjiati Satiti Retno , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo
Published: June 2022

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia differentiated (dVIN) merupakan karsinoma sel skuamosa in situ dengan manifestasi lesi tidak khas dan secara histologi menyerupai gangguan vulva non neoplastik sehingga penyakit ini jarang teridentifikasi. Makalah ini melaporkan wanita 61 tahun dengan keluhan benjolan yang terasa gatal, nyeri dan panas pada bibir vagina muncul sejak 1 tahun yang lalu, lesi sempat menghilang dan muncul kembali sejak 2 bulan yang lalu. Pemeriksaan dermatovenereologi menunjukkan vulva vagina dextra dan sinistra tampak massa tumor hiperpigmentasi dengan permukaan verukosa, tepi regular, multipel, sebagian tampak fissura. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia menunjukkan jaringan kulit sebagian mengalami displasia dengan sel-sel atipia dengan membrana basalis yang relatif utuh dengan hasil p40 terpulas positif pada inti tumor dan Ki67 50% terpulas positif. Diagnosis yang ditegakkan adalah dVIN/PB pada vulva. Tampilan klinis pada kasus dVIN tidak spesifik dan sering asimtomatik. Temuan histopatologisnya sulit dan tidak mudah dikenali oleh ahli patologi sehingga sering salah diagnosis sebagai dermatosis jinak, hubungan klinikopatologis sangat penting dalam mengelola kasus ini. Diagnosis banding dVIN/PB pada vulva harus selalu dipertimbangkan jika ditemukan lesi hiperpigmentasi atau hyperkeratosis pada vulva,karena sering menyerupai gangguan epitel non neoplastik. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia P40 dan Ki67 dapat digunakan untuk membantu dalam penegakan diagnosis kasus dVIN/PB pada vulva.Â
Peran dan Fungsi Zinc Oxide pada Tatalaksana Dermatitis Atopi
Authors: Budhiwidayanti Wieka , Pujiastuti Agustina Tri
Published: June 2022

Dermatitis atopi (DA) merupakan bentuk eksim yang paling umum dijumpai, dengan perkiraan prevalensi global mencapai 22,5% atau melebihi seperlima dari populasi global. Tingkat rekurensi yang tinggi pada DA menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Walaupun penyebab DA belum diketahui secara pasti, faktor genetik dan lingkungan diduga berperan dalam terjadinya DA. Patogenesis DA merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan berbagai defek komponen genetik yang menyebabkan gangguan sawar kulit (hipotesis outside-in), perubahan imunologis (hipotesis inside-out), dan disbiosis mikrobioma akibat peningkatan kolonisasi flora normal. Tatalaksana DA terdiri dari identifikasi dan prevensi faktor pencetus, serta mempertahankan fase remisi dan mencegah rekurensi. Saat ini, penggunaan zinc oxide (ZnO) sebagai terapi potensial pada DA telah banyak dipelajari. Zinc (Zn) merupakan mikronutrien dengan sifat anti-inflamasi, antioksidan, antibakteri, dan UV-protective yang sering digunakan dalam bidang dermatologi. Berbagai penelitian juga telah menunjukkan bahwa ZnO memiliki efek positif terhadap DA, antara lain melalui remodeling sawar kulit, sifat antibakteri, dan sebagai imunomodulator. Namun, beberapa penelitian lain juga menemukan berbagai efek samping Zn yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan. Dengan demikian, penggunaan Zn sebagai tatalaksana DA membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut secara menyeluruh terkait potensi toksisitasnya sebelum digunakan sebagai tatalaksana rutin untuk DA.Kata kunci: Eksim, Dermatitis atopi, Zinc oxide
MODALITAS TERAPI BEDAH EKSISI DAN LIPOSUCTION SEBAGAI TATALAKSANA BROMHIDROSIS AKSILARIS
Authors: Nukana Ratih Purnamasari , Darmaputra IGN
Published: June 2022

Bromhidrosis adalah bau badan tidak sedap yang terjadi secara kronis. Bromhidrosis sering terjadi pada bagian ketiak sehingga disebut bromhidrosis aksilaris. Terapi bromhidrosis dibagi menjadi terapi bedah dan terapi non bedah. Terapi bedah mencakup bedah eksisi, liposuction dan simpatektomi. Penggunaan terapi non bedah memiliki efek sementara dan sering mengalami rekurensi. Sedangkan penggunaan teknik bedah dinilai memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi karena risiko rekurensi yang rendah sehingga meningkatkan kepuasan pasien. Bedah eksisi dilakukan dengan pengangkatan kelenjar apokrin dan ekrin. Liposuction dilakukan dengan teknik suction untuk menghilangkan dan menghancurkan kelenjar apokrin dan kelenjar ekrin, disertai rusaknya persarafan kelenjar keringat pada jaringan subkutan. Tindakan pembedahan memiliki komplikasi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan tindakan non bedah yaitu infeksi, penyembuhan yang lama, luka parut, nekrosis, seroma, dan hematoma.
PIGMENTED PURPURIC DERMATOSES
Authors: Garfendo Grady , Fitriani Fitriani , Aryani Inda Astri , K Soenarto , Nopriyati Nopriyati , Diba Sarah
Published: June 2022

Pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) merupakan kelompok penyakit kulit tidak mengancam jiwa dengan perjalanan penyakit kronik. Penyakit dibagi menjadi beberapa varian dengan gambaran klinis berbeda yaitu Schamberg disease (SD), Majocchi purpura (MP), pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatosis (PPLD) of Gourgerot and Blum, eczematid-like purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis (EPDK), liken aureus (LA) dan granulomatous pigmented purpura (GPP). Tipe SD merupakan varian paling sering ditemukan. Gambaran khas berupa makula jingga kemerahan disertai bintik-bintik purpura menyerupai serbuk cayenne pepper. Etiologi pasti belum diketahui namun beberapa obat dan penyakit tertentu dapat menjadi pemicu. Dilatasi dan fragilitas kapiler disertai ruptur kapiler papila dermis diduga berperan dalam patogenesis. Baku emas pemeriksaan PPD adalah histopatologik berupa temuan infiltrat limfositik perivaskular, ekstravasasi eritrosit dan deposit hemosiderin. Dermoskopi dapat membantu membangun diagnosis dengan ditemukan red dots/red globules serta coppery-brown background. Pemeriksaan darah lengkap, marker antibodi dan pencitraan non-invasif digunakan untuk menyingkirkan diagnosis banding. Edukasi pasien mengenai penyakit yang dapat kambuh namun self-limiting penting diberikan. Hingga saat ini pedoman tatalaksana belum ada namun penggunaan beberapa obat menunjukkan efektivitas sebagai terapi PPD.Â Kata kunci: diagnosis, gambaran klinis, pigmented purpuric dermatoses
PENATALAKSANAAN PSORIASIS TIPE PLAK DENGAN KOMBINASI TERAPI SECUKINUMAB DAN METOTREKSAT : SERIAL KASUS
Authors: Ariwibowo Lukman , Haryanti Densy Violina , Narayana Eka , Riyanto Eko , Ardiana Dian
Published: June 2022

Psoriasis tipe plak merupakan penyakit radang kulit kronik dan residif, memiliki dasar genetik dengan karakteristik gangguan pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi epidermis. Psoriasis tipe plak merupakan bentuk terbanyak yang diderita, mencapai sekitar 90% seluruh kejadian psoriasis. Tata laksana psoriasis derajat sedang dan berat umumnya dimulai dengan terapi kombinasi dan rotasi antara terapi topikal, fototerapi, sistemik nonbiologik. Apabila terapi-terapi tersebut dianggap tidak efektif dan kurang berespons, pemberian terapi sistemik biologik perlu dipertimbangkan. Metotreksat merupakan salah satu terapi sistemik nonbiologik konvensional yang mekanisme kerjanya adalah menghambat sintesis DNA, sehingga menghasilkan kerja antimitotik dan antiinflamasi di epidermis. Secukinumab adalah inhibitor IL-17A yang menunjukkan efikasi pada terapi psoriasis tipe plak derajat sedang hingga berat dan artritis psoriatik. Serial kasus ini melaporkan dua kasus psoriasis tipe plak yang diterapi dengan kombinasi Â secukinumab 150 mg/4 minggu dan metotreksat 10 mg/minggu. Setelah 24 minggu didapatkan remisi psoriasis tipe plak mencapai PASI > 90 tanpa efek samping.Kata kunci: Â agen biologik - metotreksat Â - PASI - psoriasis tipe plak - secukinumab
PENGGUNAAN TELEMEDISIN PADA DERMATOLOGI DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Giantoro Jeffrey , Waskito Fajar
Published: June 2022

Telemedisin merupakan teknologi komunikasi yang berkembang dengan mengumpulkan informasi klinis untuk mendukung memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan pasien dari jarak jauh. Bidang dermatologi sesuai untuk penerapan telemedisin karena mayoritas kelainan kulit dapat terlihat dengan mata. Teledermatologi (TD) didefinisikan sebagai praktik layanan dermatologi jarak jauh dengan bantuan teknologi komunikasi. Tingginya prevalensi penyakit kulit, wilayah yang luas, variasi kondisi ekonomi, kemajuan teknologi, dan peningkatan kebutuhan layanan dermatologi membuat TD semakin diperlukan. Pelaksanaan TD memerlukan kerjasama dengan provider yang mengerti dan memahami berbagai aturan di bidang kesehatan, mampu membangun serta membina hubungan antara pasien dan provider, serta menjalin kerjasama dengan asuransi kesehatan. Ada tiga jenis modalitas teknologi TD, yaitu store and forward (SNF), real time (RT), dan hybrid. TD juga mempunyai empat macam model praktek, yaitu konsultasi, triase, direct care, dan follow-up. Modalitas teknologi dan variasi model praktek mendukung TD menjadi alternatif dalam pelaksanakan layanan kesehatan sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kunjungan yang tidak perlu, memonitor perkembangan penyakit kulit kronis, memberikan rekomendasi terapi terkini, mengedukasi dan membuat pasien lebih berperan aktif dalam berkomunikasi dengan dermatologis.Kata kunci: dermatologi, teledermatologi, telemedisin, dermatologis
Gambaran Klinikopatologi Karsinoma Sel Basal di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2018
Authors: Sutedja Eva Krishna , Yohana Raden , Suwanto Evania Yulianti
Published: June 2022

Karsinoma Sel Basal (KSB) merupakan jenis karsinoma kulit yang terletak di stratum basalis epidermis, bersifat invasif secara lokal, rekurensi tinggi, namun jarang bermetastasis. Angka kejadian KSB cenderung terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pemeriksaan histopatologis menjadi baku emas dalam menegakkan diagnosis KSB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinikopatologi pasien KSB di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi desain deskriptif retrospektif terhadap data sekunder, berupa seluruh (total sampling) rekam medis pasien yang didiagnosis KSB di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada periode 1 Januari hingga 31 Desember 2018. Kasus KSB terbanyak terdapat pada kelompok usia 60 tahun (56,3%) dengan rata-rata usia 59,63 Â 15,91 tahun. Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah wanita (53,1%) dan sebagian besar bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (37,5%). Riwayat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SD dan SLTA (masing-masing 40,6%). Lokasi lesi terbanyak terdapat di kepala dan atau leher (94%); ukuran >2 cm (39,4%); dan soliter (96,9%). KSB risiko rendah (84,9%) dengan subtipe nodular atau solid (36,4%) merupakan gambaran histopatologis terbanyak.
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO REAKSI KUSTA: STUDI RETROSPEKTIF DI RUMAH SAKIT RUJUKAN TERSIER INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2020
Authors: Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto , Tanojo Natalia , Fransisca Cindy , Wardhani Putri Hendria
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang: Kusta merupakan penyakit tropis terabaikan. Pada perjalan penyakit kusta yang kronis, sering terjadi reaksi kusta dengan episode subakut akibat respon imunologis terhadap antigen Mycobacterium. leprae . Pada kusta, penting diketahuiÂ  berbagai faktor pemicu yang mungkin akan mencetuskan reaksi kusta,Â  karena memiliki efek signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup.Â Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi retrospektif analitik dengan data yang diambil dari rekam medis seluruh pasien kusta baru dari tahun 2015-2020. Seluruh varian data dianalisis dengan Pearsonâ€™s Chi Square dan Kruskal Wallis test. Analisis regresiÂ  logistik multivariat digunakan untuk mengkalkulasi risiko reaksi kusta.Hasil & Diskusi: Reaksi tipe 1 lebih sering terjadi pada kusta borderline dengan indeks bakteri (IB) dan indeks morfologi (IM) negatif. Reaksi tipe 2 umum terjadi pada kusta tipe lepromatosa dengan IB Â â‰¥3 + (p=0.001) dan IMÂ  1-5%. Pada analisis multivariat, hanya IB 3+ atau lebih yang memiliki korelasi positif dengan kemunculan reaksi kusta.Kesimpulan: Â Klinisi perlu menggunakan klasifikasi Ridley and JoplingÂ  dan pemeriksaan IB Â serta IM untuk mengetahui risiko terjadinya reaksi kusta.Â Kata Kunci: penyakit tropis, faktor risiko, reaksi kusta
TERAPI ALTERNATIF REAKSI KUSTA
Authors: Anggraini Stefani Reditya , Esti Prima Kartika , Komarasari Eka
Published: June 2022

Kusta merupakan infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Dalam perjalanan penyakit kusta dapat terjadi episode akut yang disebut reaksi kusta. MenurutÂ World Health OrganizationÂ (WHO), pemberian kortikosteroid merupakan terapi lini pertama reaksi kusta, namun kortikosteroid memiliki berbagai efek samping jika digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Banyak pula kasus reaksi kusta berulang yang resisten atau bergantung terhadap kortikosteroid, sehingga terapi alternatif dapat menjadi pilihan untuk kasus-kasusÂ tersebut. Terapi alternatif yang kami jabarkan adalah pentoksifilin, siklosporin, azatioprin, metotreksat dan agen biologik (apremilast, Inhibitor TNF- -Î± dan IL-17). Artikel ini akan memaparkan indikasi hingga efekÂ samping dari terapi alternatif untuk reaksi kusta. Studi mengenai terapi alternatif masih cukup terbatas (seperti studi kasus,Â case series, studiÂ randomized control trialÂ dalam skala kecil). Namun, didapatkan hasil yang cukup menjanjikan. Metotreksat merupakan terapi alternatif yang unggul dikarenakan memiliki hasil yang menjanjikan berdasarkan beberapa studi kasus yang telah dilakukan dan saat ini tengah dilakukan studi multi-senterÂ randomized control trialÂ dalam skala besar. Maka dari itu, masih diperlukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai penggunaan terapi alternatif pada reaksi kusta dan penggunaanya saat ini perlu dilakukan dengan penuh pertimbangan dan hati-hati.
Peran Dermoskopi dalam Diagnosis Tinea Kapitis
Authors: Daniaty Dini , Sarly Rhida , Widaty Sandra
Published: June 2022

Peran Dermoskopi dalam Diagnosis Tinea Kapitis
Tumor pH-Responsive Nanocarriers With Light-Activatable Drug Release for Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Gao An , Sun Chunyang
Published: June 2022

Developing bioresponsive nanocarriers with particular tumor cell targeting and on-demand payload release has remained a great challenge for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy (chemo-PDT). In this study, an intelligent nanocarrier (DATAT-NPCe6) responded to hierarchical endogenous tumor pH, and an exogenous red light was developed through a simple mixed micelle approach. The outside TAT ligand was masked to prevent an unexpected interaction in blood circulation. Following the accumulation of DATAT-NPCe6 in tumor tissues, tumor acidity at pH ∼6.5 recovered its targeting ability via triggering DA moiety degradation. Furthermore, the cascaded chemo-PDT was accomplished through light-stimulated nanocarrier disassembly and doxorubicin (DOX) release. Taking advantage of stability and controllability, this work provides a facile approach to designing bioresponsive nanocarriers and represents a proof-of-concept combinatorial chemo-PDT treatment.
Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health
Authors: Ye Xuewei , Li Haiyi , Anjum Komal , Zhong Xinye , Miao Shuping , Zheng Guowan , Liu Wei , Li Lanjuan
Published: June 2022

Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and exhibit a range of biological activities. Recent studies indicate that indoles contribute to maintaining the biological barrier of the human intestine, which exert the anti-inflammatory activities mainly through activating AhR and PXR receptors to affect the immune system’s function, significantly improving intestinal health (inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhagic colitis, colorectal cancer) and further promote human health (diabetes mellitus, central system inflammation, and vascular regulation). However, the revealed toxic influences cannot be ignored. Indoxyl sulfate, an indole derivative, performs nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity. We addressed the interaction between indoles and intestinal microbiota and the indoles’ effects on human health as double-edged swords. This review provides scientific bases for the correlation of indoles with diseases moreover highlights several directions for subsequent indoles-related studies.
Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality After Colorectal Surgery in Patients With Cirrhotic Liver Disease–A Retrospective Analysis of 54 Cases at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: van Beekum Cornelius J. , Beckmann Christina , Semaan Alexander , Manekeller Steffen , Matthaei Hanno , Braun Lara , Willis Maria A. , Kalff Jörg C. , Vilz Tim O.
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite various existing scores that predict morbidity and mortality of patients with cirrhotic liver disease (CLD), data on specific risk stratification of patients with CLD undergoing colorectal surgery (CRS) are rare. The aim of this study was to assess in-hospital morbidity and mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis scheduled for CRS, with specific focus on possible pitfalls of surgery in this special cohort.

Methods

Between 1996 and 2018, 54 patients with CLD undergoing CRS were identified and included in this study cohort. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed using the Clavien/Dindo (C/D) classification as well as by type of complication. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the predictive factors for increased postoperative morbidity.

Results

Of the patients, 37% patients died during the procedure or postoperatively. Major complications were seen in 23.1% of patients (>C/D IIIb). Patients with Child B or C cirrhosis as well as patients undergoing emergency surgery experienced significantly more major complications (p = 0.04 and p = 0.023, respectively). The most common complications were bleeding requiring blood transfusion (51.1%) and cardiocirculatory instability due to bleeding or sepsis (44.4%). In 53.7% of patients, an anastomosis was created without a protective ostomy. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 20.7% of these patients. Multivariate analysis showed that a primary anastomosis without a protective ostomy was the strongest risk factor for major complications (p = 0.042).

Discussion

Morbidity and mortality after CRS in patients with CLD remains high and is not only influenced by liver function but also by surgical variables. Considering the high rate of anastomotic leakage, creating a protective or definitive ostomy must be considered with regard to the underlying pathology, the extent of CLD, and the patient's condition. Moreover, our data suggest that surgery in these most fragile patients should be performed only in experienced centers with immediate contact to hepatologists and experts in hemostasis.
Corazonin Neurons Contribute to Dimorphic Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Oyeyinka Adeola , Kansal Mehul , O’Sullivan Sean M. , Gualtieri Claudia , Smith Zachary M. , Vonhoff Fernando J.
Published: June 2022

Exposure to alcohol has multiple effects on nervous system function, and organisms have evolved mechanisms to optimally respond to the presence of ethanol. Sex differences in ethanol-induced behaviors have been observed in several organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dimorphic regulation of ethanol-induced behaviors remain incompletely understood. Here, we observed sex differences in ethanol sedation sensitivity inDrosophilaGenome Reference Panel (DGRP) lines ofDrosophila melanogastercompared to the absence of dimorphism in standard laboratory wildtype and control lines. However, in dose response experiments, we were able to unmask dimorphic responses for the control mutant linew1118by lowering the testing ethanol concentration. Notably, feminization of the small population of Corazonin (Crz) neurons in males was sufficient to induce female-like sedation sensitivity. We also tested the role of the transcription factorapontic(apt) based on its known expression in Crz neurons and its regulation of sedation responses. Interestingly, loss of functionaptmutations increased sedation times in both males and females as compared to controls. No significant difference between male and femaleaptmutants was observed, suggesting a possible role ofaptin the regulation of dimorphic ethanol-induced responses. Thus, our results shed light into the mechanisms regulating sex-differences in ethanol-induced behaviors at the cellular and molecular level, suggesting that the genetic sex in a small neuronal population plays an important role in modulating sex differences in behavioral responses to ethanol.
SIGIRR Downregulation and Interleukin-1 Signaling Intrinsic to Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mantione Maria Elena , Sana Ilenia , Vilia Maria Giovanna , Riba Michela , Doglioni Claudio , Larcher Alessandro , Capitanio Umberto , Muzio Marta
Published: June 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is highly inflamed, and tumor cells are embedded into a microenvironment enriched with IL1. While inflammatory pathways are well characterized in the immune system, less is known about these same pathways in epithelial cells; it is unclear if and how innate immune signals directly impact on cancer cells, and if we could we manipulate these for therapeutic purposes. To address these questions, we first focused on the inflammatory receptors belonging to the IL1- and Toll-like receptor family including negative regulators in a small cohort of 12 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients’ samples as compared to their coupled adjacent normal tissues. Our data demonstrated that renal epithelial cancer cells showed a specific and distinctive pattern of inflammatory receptor expression marked by a consistent downregulation of the inhibitory receptor SIGIRR mRNA. This repression was confirmed at the protein level in both cancer cell lines and primary tissues. When we analyzed in silico data of different kidney cancer histotypes, we identified the clear cell subtype as the one where SIGIRR was mostly downregulated; nonetheless, papillary and chromophobe tumor types also showed low levels as compared to their normal counterpart. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that IL1 stimulation of the ccRCC cell line A498 triggered an intrinsic signature of inflammatory pathway activation characterized by the induction of distinct “pro-tumor” genes including several chemokines, the autocrine growth factor IL6, the atypical co-transcription factor NFKBIZ, and the checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1. When we looked for the macroareas most represented among the differentially expressed genes, additional clusters emerged including pathways involved in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. To note, SIGIRR overexpression in A498 cells dampened IL1 signaling as assessed by a reduced induction of NFKBIZ. Our results suggest that SIGIRR downregulation unleashes IL1 signaling intrinsic to tumor cells and that manipulating this pathway may be beneficial in ccRCC.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Cervix: An Integrated Analysis of Case Reports and Series
Authors: Min Aiping , Fu Aizhen , Huang Meiyuan , Wang Hongjing , Chen Huan
Published: June 2022

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of malignant tumour that originates from melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Primary malignant melanomas of the female genital tract are rare. Similarly, primary malignant melanoma of cervix, which originates from cervical melanocytes, is an extremely rare disease and the second most common type of female melanoma in women aged between 15 to 44 years worldwide. To date, primary malignant melanoma of the cervix is characterized by poor patient prognosis and little consensus exists regarding the best treatment therapy. The situation is worsened by lack of clinical studies with large samples. Notably, surgery remains the preferred treatment option for patients with primary malignant melanomas of the cervix. Current treatments are based on Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics(2018) staging with reference to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. This study is in order to find a more suitable treatment modality for primary malignant melanoma of cervix. Therefore, we first conducted an integrated analysis of case reports and series to assess the impact of various factors on the prognosis of such patients. In summary, this is the first pooled analysis including 149 cases of primary cervical melanoma. We found that patients who underwent radical hysterectomy-based surgery, those with non-metastatic lymph nodes and those who underwent lymphadenectomy had significantly higher survival rates. In patients who had RH-based surgery, survival rates at the 24m time point of those who did not add other treatments was higher than those who did, but for those who had total hysterectomy-based surgery, the addition of other treatments to prolong median survival may be considered. In the overall analysis, age and lymphadenectomy were associated with increased and reduced risk of death in these patients, respectively. Although there is no statistical difference, stage III&IV, TAH, lymphatic metastases increase the risk of death; whereas radical hysterectomy was associated with reduced risk of death. In the subgroup analysis, for patients who have undergone radical hysterectomy-based surgery, lymphadenectomy reduces the risk of death, while lymphatic metastases and complementary other treatments increase the risk of death. For patients who have undergone total hysterectomy-based surgery, complementary treatment reduces the risk of death. In conclusion, via summarizing previous reports, the recommended treatment procedure for PMMC are radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The addition of other treatment options for patients who undergoing RH-based surgery need further study.
Notoginsenoside R1 Regulates Ischemic Myocardial Lipid Metabolism by Activating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lei Wei , Yan Yiqi , Ma Yaolei , Jiang Min , Zhang Boli , Zhang Han , Li Yuhong
Published: June 2022

Ischemic heart diseases are responsible for more than one-third of all deaths worldwide. Radix notoginseng is widely used to treat ischemic heart disease in China and other Asian countries, and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is its characteristic and large-amount ingredient. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of NGR1 in improving ischemic heart diseases are unclear. In this study, we combined pharmacological evaluation with network pharmacology, myocardial proteomics, and conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to explore the cardio-protection mechanisms of NGR1. Our results revealed that NGR1 improved the echocardiographic, tissue pathological, and serum biochemical perturbations in myocardial ischemic rats. The network pharmacology studies indicated that NGR1 mainly regulated smooth muscle cell proliferation, vasculature development, and lipid metabolism signaling, especially in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Myocardial proteomics revealed that the function of NGR1 was focused on regulating metabolic and energy supply processes. The research combined reverse-docked targets with differential proteins and demonstrated that NGR1 modulated lipid metabolism in ischemic myocardia by interacting with mTOR and AKT. Conventional MD simulation was applied to investigate the influence of NGR1 on the structural stabilization of the mTOR and AKT complex. The results suggested that NGR1 can strengthen the affinity stabilization of mTOR and AKT. Our study first revealed that NGR1 enhanced the affinity stabilization of mTOR and AKT, thus promoting the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and improving lipid metabolic abnormity in myocardial ischemic rats.
Domain Generalization Model of Deep Convolutional Networks Based on SAND-Mask
Authors: Wang Jigang , Chen Liang , Wang Rui
Published: June 2022

In the actual operation of the machine, due to a large number of operating conditions and a wide range of operating conditions, the data under many operating conditions cannot be obtained. However, the different data distributions between different operating conditions will reduce the performance of fault diagnosis. Currently, most studies remain on the level of generalization caused by a change of working conditions under a single condition. In the scenario where various conditions such as speed, load and temperature lead to changes in working conditions, there are problems such as the explosion of working conditions and complex data distribution. Compared with previous research work, this is more difficult to generalize. To cope with this problem, this paper improves generalization method SAND-Mask (Smoothed-AND (SAND)-masking) by using the total gradient variance of samples in a batch instead of the gradient variance of each sample to calculate parameter σ. The SAND-Mask method is extended to the fault diagnosis domain, and the DCNG model (Deep Convolutional Network Generalization) is proposed. Finally, multi-angle experiments were conducted on three publicly available bearing datasets, and diagnostic performances of more than 90%, 99%, and 70% were achieved on all transfer tasks. The results show that the DCNG model has better stability as well as diagnostic performance compared to other generalization methods.
Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sugar Beet, Apples, and Viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Cech Ramona , Leisch Friedrich , Zaller Johann G.
Published: June 2022

The production of synthetic pesticides is energy intensive and can emit even more greenhouse gases (GHG) per kg than the production of synthetic fertilizers. However, this aspect is largely neglected when it comes to agriculture’s contribution to GHG emissions. Using official pesticide sales data from Austria from 2000 to 2019, we analyzed (i) trends in insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide use and calculated production-related GHG emissions, and (ii) the share of pesticide-related versus fertilizer-related GHG emissions in three agricultural crops with different pesticide intensities: sugar beets, apples, and grapevines. We found that between 2000 and 2019, insecticide amounts increased by 58%, fungicide amounts increased by 29%, and herbicide amounts decreased by 29%; associated GHG emissions showed similar patterns. During the same period, acreage under conventional arable crops, orchards, and vineyards decreased by an average of 19%, indicating an increase in management intensity. In intensive apple production, GHG emissions associated with pesticide production and application accounted for 51% of total GHG emissions, in viticulture 37%, and in sugar beets 12%. We have shown that GHG emissions due to pesticide production and application can be significant, especially for pesticide-intensive crops. We therefore recommend that these pesticide-derived GHG emissions should also be attributed to the agricultural sector.
The Joint Application of Phosphorus and Ammonium Enhances Soybean Root Growth and P Uptake
Authors: Rosolem Ciro Antonio , Batista Thiago Barbosa , Dias Patrícia Pereira , Motta Neto Laudelino Vieira da , Calonego Juliano Carlos
Published: June 2022

It has been shown that the joint application of phosphorus (P) and ammonium (N-NH+4) increases maize root proliferation and P acquisition by maize in alkaline soils, but this has not been shown in acidic soils for legumes. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the joint application of P and NH4+ on soybean root growth and P acquisition. Soybean was grown in glass-walled pots without P, with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) applied on the soil surface or localized. The soil P increased irrespective of the P source and localization. The rhizosphere pH was decreased by MAP, while the soil bulk pH was not affected. The TSP increased the root length by 55% and MAP by 76% over the control, and the number of root tips increased by 21% with TSP, 58% with MAP applied on the soil surface, and 78% with MAP localized. The soybean dry matter, N and P uptake, and P use efficiency were increased by P fertilization, mainly with MAP localized. The joint application of P and ammonium decreases the soybean rhizosphere pH, which results in root proliferation early in the cycle, and eventually in higher P uptake and use efficiency.
Impact of Fiscal Expenditure on Farmers’ Livelihood Capital in the Ethnic Minority Mountainous Region of Sichuan, China
Authors: Guo Shili , Wang Beibei , Zhou Kui , Wang Hui , Zeng Qiuping , Xu Dingde
Published: June 2022

Poverty alleviation is the first battle to realize the rural revitalization strategy in China, and research on the sustainable livelihood of rural households is of great significance to solving the problem of rural poverty. Based on the sustainable livelihood framework, the reasonable scale and structure of fiscal expenditure is an inevitable requirement in producing sustainable livelihood capital toward this aim. In this study, the system Gaussian mixed model was used to analyze the impact of fiscal expenditure on farmers’ livelihoods. Representative survey data uses panel data from 48 counties across Liangshan Prefecture, Ganzi Prefecture, and Aba Prefecture in Sichuan, China. The results are as follows: (1) The average stock of human capital in 2010 to 2015 was the highest in the composition of farmers’ livelihood capital; (2) natural capital and physical capital were positively affected by the total scale of fiscal expenditure, agriculture, forestry, and water expenditure, and the former was negatively affected by general public service expenditure, education expenditure, social security and employment expenditure, and medical expenditure; (3) financial capital and the total amount of livelihood capital were positively affected by the total scale of fiscal expenditure, agriculture, forestry and water expenditure, education expenditure, social security and employment expenditure, and medical expenditure, and negatively affected by general public service expenditure; (4) human capital was positively affected by the total scale of fiscal expenditure, education expenditure, social security and employment expenditure, and medical expenditure; and (5) social capital was positively affected by agriculture, forestry and water expenditure, and education expenditure.
A Review of Crop Protection Methods against the Twospotted Spider Mite—Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)—With Special Reference to Alternative Methods
Authors: Jakubowska Magdalena , Dobosz Renata , Zawada Daniel , Kowalska Jolanta
Published: June 2022

Tetranychus urticae is one of the most important pests of many species of economically important crops, cultivated both under cover and in open ground. Feeding T. urticae reduces the size and quality of the yield. Nowadays, in connection with the popularization of organic farming and the green order policy, non-chemical methods that provide an effective reduction in the harmfulness of this spider mite are sought. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on methods of reducing the undesirable effects of T. urticae feeding. The paper discusses the main directions of searching for biopesticides against T. urticae and provides a list of natural components on which commercially available products are based. The aspect of using the natural properties of plants, micro- and macro-organisms is presented. The paper also deals with the issue of the spread of spider mites in connection with the observed climate changes.
The History of the School of Animal Science at the University of Padova (Padua) and the Evolution of Animal Science in Italy
Authors: Bittante Giovanni , Bailoni Lucia , Cecchinato Alessio , Gallo Luigi , Mantovani Roberto , Ramanzin Maurizio , Zampieri Fabio , Schiavon Stefano , Sturaro Enrico
Published: June 2022

In its 800-year history, the University of Padova (Padua, Italy) has come to play an important role in the development of animal science in Italy and Europe. Having founded the oldest university botanical garden (1545; UNESCO World Heritage Site) and anatomical theatre (1595), and awarded the first university degree to a woman (Elena-Lucrezia Cornaro-Piscopia, 1678), the University instituted the Public School of Agriculture (Orto Agrario) in 1765 and the Collegium Zooiatricum in 1773. Between 1986 and 1995, under the leadership of Professor Mario Bonsembiante, animal scientist and rector, the scientific-technological center of Agripolis was established, including the Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (with the experimental farm and veterinary hospital), the Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, and Veneto Agricoltura. Agripolis rapidly became the most innovative center in Italy for teaching, research, and extension services in the fields of agricultural, animal, veterinary, food and environmental sciences. In the last 35 years, the number of Italian animal scientists has remained almost constant, but they have moved on to more innovative research topics closer to society’s demand and concerns, and significantly enhanced their international standing, reaching the first position in Europe and the fourth in the world in terms of citations.
Fall Armyworm Tolerance of Maize Parental Lines, Experimental Hybrids, and Commercial Cultivars in Southern Africa
Authors: Matova Prince M. , Kamutando Casper N. , Kutywayo Dumisani , Magorokosho Cosmos , Labuschagne Maryke
Published: June 2022

Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J./E. Smith); FAW] is negatively impacting sustainable maize production, particularly in smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Two sets of germplasm (commercial cultivars and experimental hybrids, and local and exotic inbred lines) were evaluated under managed and natural FAW infestation to identify FAW tolerant material with superior grain yield performance. Significant genotypic effects on foliar FAW damage, ear FAW damage, and grain yield were observed. Commercial cultivars were significantly more affected by FAW infestation than experimental hybrids, as evidenced by high foliar and ear damage scores, yet they out-yielded experimental genotypes. The introduced FAW donor lines (CML338, CML67, CML121, and CML334) showed better tolerance to FAW, individually and in hybrid combinations. Local inbred lines, SV1P, CML491, and CML 539, also showed FAW tolerance. Hybrids and open pollinated varieties were more vulnerable to FAW damage at early growth stages, but they grew out of it through the mid to late whorl stages. Inbred lines showed increasing damage as they grew to maturity. Husk cover, ear rot, anthesis date, and plant height were highly correlated with FAW tolerance. The identified local and exotic lines with FAW tolerance will contribute to FAW resistance breeding in southern Africa.
Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium L. Leaves: Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Elastase and Collagenase Inhibition
Authors: Oulebsir Chahinez , Mefti-Korteby Hakima , Djazouli Zahr-Eddine , Zebib Bachar , Merah Othmane
Published: June 2022

Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), which belongs to the Rutaceae family, is used around the Mediterranean Sea for ornamental and agronomic purposes as a rootstock for the Citrus species. Peels and flowers, the most-used parts of Citrus aurantium L., have constituted a largely promising area of research for their many medicinal properties. However, the leaves of sour orange have not yet been studied extensively. The present study aimed at investigating the essential oil composition of sour orange leaves grown in Algeria and determining their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Essential oil composition of leaves harvested before flowering was determined by GC-MS. Total phenol content, antioxidant activities (DPPH) and elastase and collagenase inhibition were assessed. Forty-three volatile compounds were detected in essential oil from leaves with a yield of 0.57%. The major compounds were linalool, linalyl acetate and α-Terpineol. Results show that the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of essential oil are low, 3.48 ± 0.10 mg/g (Gallic Acid Equivalent/EO) and IC50 > 10,000 mg·L−1, respectively. In contrast, EO present an interesting level of elastase and collagenase inhibition. This result emphasizes the potential interest of the essential oil of sour orange mainly in relation to its anti-aging mechanism.