bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Approach to School Health Initiatives: Using Fitness Measures Instead of Body Mass Index to Evaluate Outcomes
Authors: Phelps Joshua , Smith Amanda , Parker Stephany , Hermann Janice
Published: June 2023

Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service provided elementary school students with a program that included a noncompetitive physical activity component: circuit training that combined cardiovascular, strength, and flexibility activities without requiring high skill levels. The intent was to improve fitness without focusing on body mass index as an indicator of fitness. Youths (111) in grades 3–5 underwent President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition testing at baseline and program completion. Significant improvements were observed in average fitness measures among youths who participated in the circuit training. Extension professionals looking for new tools to use with school-based physical activity programs may consider circuit training as a noncompetitive means of improving youth physical fitness and fitness measures as more appropriate outcome indicators.
With Games Against Fake News – Developing Critical Thinking with the Help of the Card Game Follow Me
Authors: Pomichal Vajk , Trnka Andrej
Published: June 2023

Recent serious events, such as the coronavirus pandemic and the war conflict in Ukraine, have significantly increased the amount of fake news in the online space. This news contributes to society’s radicalization, destabilizes democratic regimes, and can result in violence and damage to health and property. The most effective approach to address fake news is prevention and the education associated with it. The current education system is not ready for these challenges, which is why more and more attention is being paid to alternative solutions such as game-based learning. Game-based learning enables the acquisition of new knowledge and skills in a fun yet effective way. These games include a game developed by Impact Games studio named Follow me, which is focused on developing critical thinking skills in the context of countering fake news. This study aims to validate the contribution of the game Follow me in building resilience to fake news through an experiment on a sample of 130 secondary school students from six different schools. The results suggest that although there was no global statistically significant improvement measured in students’ ability to recognize fake news, students are healthily skeptical of information, this is also indicated by the fact that on average they were more likely to label news as untrustworthy despite varying attitudes towards the selected topics. We also managed to make findings based on the data acquired from this experiment, which provide a deeper look into students’ attitudes toward fake news and therefore can improve games and experiments prepared in the future.
Pre-oxygenation in obese patients: facemask versus facemask with nasal prong
Authors: Hamzah Nor Farhanah , Md Nor Nadia , Maaya Muhammad , Sayed Masri Syarifah Nor Nazihah , Teo Rufinah , Masdar Azlina
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Anatomical and physiological changes of the respiratory system in obese patients predispose them to rapid oxygen desaturation during apnoea. Adequate pre-oxygenation before anaesthesia induction allows a period of safe apnoea. The efficacy of pre-oxygenation with facemask versus facemask with nasal prong was compared. The time taken for expired end-tidal oxygen (FEO2) to reach 0.8 (T0.8) from commencement of pre-oxygenation (T0), and time to oxygen desaturation to 95% (T95%), following apnea (TA) was studied.
Methods: This prospective, randomised study recruited 36 surgical patients of body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 requiring general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. They were randomised to receive pre-oxygenation with oxygen facemask at 12 L/min, or concurrent pre-oxygenation with facemask at 7 L/min and nasal prong at 5 L/min. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and FEO2 were recorded at T0, T0.8, and at TA following completion of rocuronium administration. Oxygen was then discontinued, and the patient left apnoeic with no ventilation. Intubation was performed 60 seconds after TA, and the patient left apnoeic with the endotracheal tube exposed to room air. Duration from TA until the patient’s SpO2 reached 95% (T95%) was documented.
Results: Pre-oxygenation with facemask and nasal prong resulted in a shorter T0.8 compared to facemask alone (48.61 s ± 23.3 versus 77.72 s ± 26.15), p = 0.001. There was no difference in T95% between the groups.
Conclusion: Pre-oxygenation with facemask plus nasal prong resulted in a shorter time taken to reach FEO2 0.8, but with comparable time to oxygen desaturation between both groups.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Independensi, dan Kehati-hatian Pada Kepercayaan Pegawai Terhadap Auditor
Authors: Widya Asih Rini
Published: June 2023

Pertumbuhan ekonomi menyebabkan tingginya kebutuhan akan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas. Namun pada praktiknya, tidak semua auditor melakukan kewajibannya sesuai dengan kode etik. Hal tersebut berdampak negatif terhadap perusahaan dan juga pada pegawainya. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kompetensi, independensi, dan kehati-hatian pada kepercayaan pegawai terhadap auditor. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Adapun penelitian diawali dengan menentukan variabel yang akan diteliti beserta indikatornya. Setelah itu akan ditentukan jumlah sampel berdasarkan populasi. Adapun analisis data menggunakan metode statistik multivariat yaitu partial least squares (PLS) dengan bantuan software SmartPLS 3.0 dimana terdapat tiga tahapan yang akan dilakukan yaitu outer model, inner model, dan pengujian hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa independensi dan kehati-hatian tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada kepercayaan pegawai terhadap auditor. Namun, kompetensi terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada kepercayaan pegawai terhadap auditor. Oleh karena itu, dalam membangun kepercayaan pegawai terhadap auditor, penting untuk memperhatikan dan meningkatkan kompetensi auditor sebagai faktor utama yang memengaruhi tingkat kepercayaan pegawai. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan panduan praktis bagi auditor dalam memperkuat faktor untuk membangun kepercayaan yang lebih tinggi dari pegawai perusaahan.
Modern horizontal movements of tectonic blocks of the earth’s crust of Azerbaijan according to the data of the global positioning system (GPS) of the RSSC network
Authors: Yetirmishli G.J. , Kazimov I.E.
Published: June 2023

In order to identify the velocities of horizontal movements and directions of individual tectonic blocks of the earth’s crust, the Republican Seismological Survey Center of Azerbaijan (RSSC), starting from 2012, decided to create a network of GPS stations. Taking into account geomorphology, geotectonics, topography and taking into account the influence of external factors, sites for the construction of new GPS stations were chosen in various regions of our country. This new monitoring system consists of 24 Trimble GPS stations (USA) with a processing and analysis center in Baku, where all data from all regions where the stations were installed are received online. For the first time in the world, a GPS station was installed on the Superdeep Saatly well (8324 m) in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Saatly region. On the basis of GPS space geodesy data and seismological data, the current geodynamic conditions of the territory of Azerbaijan for 2020-2021 were analyzed. The most important feature of the velocity field of horizontal motions is the decrease in velocity values perpendicular to the direction of the Greater Caucasus strike from south to north. The velocity field clearly illustrates the movement of the earth’s surface in the N-NE direction. In addition, within the Srednekura depression and in the Lesser Caucasus, there is a trend towards horizontal displacement, which is reflected in an increase in the speed of movement from west to east along the continuation of the ridge. It has been established that on the Absheron Peninsula the earth’s crust is shortening at a rate of ~ 5 mm/year. It was found that in 2020 the maximum values of horizontal velocities were noted at the stations of Aghdam, Lerik, Lankaran, Jalilabad, Fizuli and Saatly, and the average value of velocities throughout the republic was 7.3 mm/year.
Efektifitas Bladder Training Mengatasi Inkontinesia Urin Post Oprasi TURP
Authors: Prasetyo Joko , Setiawan Bekti , Agung Wibowo Suhendra
Published: June 2023

Menurut National Institutes of Health (NIH), BPH mempengaruhi lebih dari 50% dari pria di atas usia 60 tahun dan sebanyak 90% dari pria di atas usia 70 dan berakhir dengan tindakan operasi. Inkontinensia urin merupakan masalah utama yang dirasakan bagi pasien post operasi prostatectomy pada saat kontrol pertama setelah dilakukan pelepasan selang kateter. Inkontinensia urin yang dialami setelah pelepasan kateter diakibatkan oleh otot detrusor kandung kemih yang tidak secara aktif mengkontraksikan dinding kandung kemih pada proses pengosongan urin akibat dari pemasangan kateter urin jangka lama sejak pasien mengalami masalah berkemih sampai dengan menjalani operasi. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan urin mengalir keluar kandung kemih melalui kateter urin secara terus menerus sehingga detrusor tidak dapat segera merespon untuk mengosongkan kandung kemih ketika kateter dilepas. Kondisi ini disebut instabilitas detrusor pasca kateterisasi. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review yang dilakukan pada database pencarian Pubmed, Google Scholar, Taylor dan Francis, dan Proquest. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah bladder training, inkontinensia urin, dan post operasi TURP dengan pembatasan 5 tahun terakhir. Studi tentang terapi cermin pada stroke ditemukan 55 artikel tetapi hanya 6 artikel jurnal yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi pencarian. Hasil literature review menunjukkan ada pengaruh terhadap pemberian bladder training terhadap inkontinesia urin.
Si può socializzare un concetto?
Authors: Cantoni Paola
Published: June 2023

Sono giunte alla redazione alcune domande sull’uso e sul significato del verbo socializzare, in particolare sull’uso transitivo come sinonimo di ‘comunicare’ e ‘condividere con un pubblico’ (informazioni, idee, concetti, ecc.). Vediamone alcune nello specifico: Elisa A. ci chiede se sia corretto l’utilizzo del verbo socializzare in frasi del tipo “voglio socializzare questo argomento” per esprimere la volontà di condividere con un pubblico l’argomento. Raffaella C., chiede delucidazioni sul suo significato come sinonimo di ‘condividere, comunicare informazioni, idee, ecc.’ Valentina C., infine, ci domanda se socializzare abbia anche un significato figurativo diverso da quello letterale, avendo sentito l’espressione “socializzare il concetto”.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR UREASE EXTRACTED FROM SOME LOCAL PLANTS
Authors: Amaal A. H  , Sahar I. H  , Mohanad J. M-Ridha
Published: June 2023

In the current study, Seventeen types of plants commonly used namely (Chickpeas, Tomato, Soybean, Mustard, Baker, Lebbeck, Bean, Sesame, Male Iraqi berries, Female Iraqi berries, Indian berries, Potato, Radish, Legumes, peas, Watermelon, and Phaseolus were obtained and screened for urease activity, among these plants, Sesame was chosen with maximum enzymatic activity, and it had the highest productivity of urease enzyme (1.623 U/mg protein). The optimum extraction ratio represented by 1:10 (W: V) after 90 minutes and 0.8414U/mg protein. Sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) was chosen as the best extraction buffer with specific activity 0.9004U/mg protein.
Pulse Width Modulation Inverter Control Methods-A Comprehensive Study
Authors: D Gokulpriya , B Kaushik , M Boobalakrishnan , A Sakthivel
Published: June 2023

Harmonics in electrical supply refers to the distortion of the normal electrical waveform due to the presence of frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. The presence of harmonics in electrical supply can lead to a number of problems, including: Overheating of equipment, Power quality issues, Extra energy consumption etc. This research aims to provide a cost-effective solution to reduce harmonics in three phase inverters and improve power factor without using any hardware components such as filters and multi-level inverters and by simply changing control pulses of the inverter switches. This research provides a comparison of three most popular inverter control techniques SPWM control, THPWM control and SVPWM control techniques of three phase inverters. All these techniques were compared with the help of MATLAB-SIMULINK and the best control technique with lower order harmonics and less power factor was determined.
Vehicle Detection and Recognition for Allowing into Premises Using OCR
Authors: U Nadhiya , K Mahalakshmi , P Kaviyarasu
Published: June 2023

The research has proposed a system to automatically detect the number plate and recognize it using optical character recognition method. Before taking a image of the number plate, the developed system first recognizes the car. Image segmentation is used to recover the portion of an image that contains the vehicle identification number. Character recognition is accomplished using an optical character recognition technique. This involves using matching techniques to check whether the car plate image matches the data in the database. The warning sign will show when authenticity is verified, and the car will then be permitted to enter the designated area. Real-time video is captured to evaluate the system's functionality, and Python is used to create and simulate the system. Due to its promising nature the suggested method is employed in the automated vehicle authentication in universities in future.
Unveiling the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Aquaculture: A Survey and Prototype Design with ThingSpeak Analytics
Authors: Mahamuni Chaitanya Vijaykumar , Goud Chalamala Srinivas
Published: June 2023

The study examines the potential impact of IoT in aquaculture, and its role in enhancing water quality monitoring as well as the disease prevention. It highlights the transformative power of IoT technology in providing real-time data on water parameters and enabling proactive measures against diseases. The study emphasizes the significance of adopting IoT solutions to optimize water conditions, mitigate disease risks, and enhance fish health. It also explores recent advancements, key challenges, and future directions in IoT applications for aquaculture, including water quality monitoring, feed automation systems, environmental control systems, fish tracking and monitoring systems, remote monitoring and control systems, smart harvesting systems, and disease detection and prevention systems. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, this paper introduces a research proposal focusing on water quality monitoring and disease prevention in fish. The progress thus far encompasses the selection of hardware components, sensor testing, and ongoing activities in programming and debugging.
Proposição de uma solução simplificada do modelo da coluna rígida de água para a modelagem do esvaziamento de adutoras
Authors: de Castro Sanders Neto Vicente , Araújo Paiva Bruno , Costa Barbosa João Marcelo , Holanda de Castro Marco Aurelio
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma solução simplificada para o modelo da coluna rígida de água aplicado ao esvaziamento de condutos forçados sem admissão de ar. O problema consiste na análise da expansão de uma bolsa de ar enclausurada a montante de uma tubulação inclinada, durante o esvaziamento da coluna líquida que escoa a jusante por uma válvula esfera. Os dados dos experimentos 1, 2, 7 e 10 do trabalho de Coronado-Hernández (2019) e de Fuertes-Miquel et al. (2019) foram utilizados para aplicação e comparação dos resultados obtidos por meio da solução simplificada proposta, assim como pelo método de Euler, Heun e Runge-Kutta. A análise dos resultados teve o auxílio de indicadores, como o Desvio Nash-Sutcliffe, Desvio Quadrático Médio e Desvio Relativo. Após a válvula de jusante do experimento estar plenamente aberta, os desvios relativos passam a estabilizar e/ou reduzir ao longo do tempo de simulação. Ademais, o Método de Euler retornou resultados com menos acurácia comparado aos dados experimentais. Os métodos de Heun e Runge-Kutta possuem os melhores indicadores. Pode-se concluir que, na maioria dos cenários analisados, a solução simplificada retorna indicadores melhores em relação ao Método de Euler.
Palavras-chave: Solução Simplificada. Método da Coluna Rígida de Água. Esvaziamento.
EDUCATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 6 M AND THE COVID-19 BOOSTER VACCINATION
Authors: Wijayanti Lono , Rohmawati Riska , Anggraini Rahayu , Damawiyah Siti , Martining Wardani Erika
Published: June 2023

Positive cases of covid-19 will still exist if the community is negligent in implementing health protocols and inappropriate information related to continued or booster doses of Covid-19 vaccination in the community can cause doubt and anxiety, and if this is not immediately addressed then the community refuses to do so. booster vaccination because they feel that only one vaccination is enough. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge and health behavior in implementing the 6M (Mencuci Tangan, Memakai Masker, Menjaga Jarak, Menjauhi Kerumunan, Menjaga Pola Makan Sehat, Istirahat Cukup, dan Mengurangi Mobilitas) and willing to take further doses of Covid-19 vaccination. The method used in this activity is to provide health education to cadres and the public about the importance of implementing 6M and the Covid-19 booster vaccination. This community service activity was carried out for one week, attended by 65 health cadres and the community. The results of this community service activity show an increase in knowledge about the application of health protocols and the importance of the Covid-19 booster vaccination and the community is very enthusiastic about participating in this activity.
HEALTH PROMOTION OF STAR FRUIT TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Suratman Prawito , Karisma Dwi Ana  , Aditya Nur Aminudin Azis
Published: June 2023

Educational activities on the use of star fruit to lower blood pressure in hypertension are community service activities. The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge about the use of star fruit to lower blood pressure in hypertension. The implementation of community service in Jombatan Village, Kesamben District, Jombang Regency on December 3, 2022. The activities carried out were in the form of education with lecture methods and question and answer discussions. The media used are Audio visual aids and leaflets for educational participants.  This activity is prepared about 1 month before it is carried out. Licensing and coordination with the Kesamben Health Center and the Jombatan village government and the implementation time contract are the preparatory stages carried out. The involvement of health cadres and community leaders is carried out in this community service. This activity was attended by 80 residents of Jombatan village. As an evaluation of activities, participants enthusiastically follow the activities to the end and are satisfied with the activities carried out.
Dirençli Kent Tasarımında Katılımcılık: Türkiye'de Belediyeler ve STK'lar Arasındaki Paydaşlık İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: EROĞLU Erdal , TAŞ Semra , AYDEMİR DEV Mine
Published: June 2023

Bir kentte fiziksel, çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda ortaya çıkabilecek tüm sorunlarla mücadelede kentin paydaşları ile ortaklaşa hareket edilmesi, kenti daha dirençli hale getirebileceği gibi tüm paydaşları kendilerini daha güvende hissedebilecekleri bir kente dönüştürecektir. Bu durum her şeyden önce belediyelerde katılımcı bir modelin benimsenmesi ve paydaş katılımına önem veren bir yönetim anlayışıyla mümkündür. Bu çalışmada dirençli kent tasarımında belediyelerin önemli bir paydaşı olan STK’larla olan katılımcılık ilişkisinin mevcut durumuna odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de belediyeler ile STK’lar arasındaki katılımcılık ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nicel yöntem benimsenmiştir. Bu kapsamda toplam 800 veri STK örneklemi ve 552 veri Belediye örneklemi için anket toplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen en önemli bulgu karar alma süreçlerine katılımcılık konusunda Türkiye’de belediyeler ile STK’lar arasındaki paydaşlık ilişkisinin zayıf olduğu ve dirençli kent tasarımında katılımcılık ilişkisine önem verilmesi gerektiği yönündedir.
The use of the "flexible floor" effect in buildings of rigid structural systems
Authors: Belash Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Buildings of rigid structural systems with the inclusion of "flexible floors" in their designs are a well-known solution that has become widespread in many southern regions for the organization of summer rooms, recreation, sports, etc. At the same time, the "flexible floor" was located at the level of the first floor. This approach allowed not only to create comfortable living

@T.A. Belash, 2023

conditions, but also with its help it was possible to reduce seismic loads on buildings by

increasing the flexibility of the entire building and improving its dynamic characteristics. In another constructive solution, the earthquake resistance of the building increases due to the location of the "flexible floor" in the uppermost part, while the "flexible floor" performs the role of dynamic vibration dampener. However, according to architectural and planning requirements, there is a need to use free spaces in the middle part of rigid buildings, which can also be implemented through a "flexible floor". Assessment of the seismic resistance of these buildings in seismic areas under impacts different frequency composition is of great importance for the safe operation of these facilities. Some of the results of this study are presented in this article.
The Future of Scuba Diving Tourism: Assessments of Perceived Value and Satisfaction on the Mississippi Gulf Coast
Authors: Winton Bradley G. , Duncanson Ka’lon
Published: June 2023

Across a range of diving locations, there is a need for greater understanding about what local divers value in their diving experiences and how this might lead to greater satisfaction with this activity in the future. In particular, the Mississippi Gulf Coast is known for its coastal
beauty and the tourism that comes from the recreational activities associated with the water. However, scuba divers appear to be an underserved segment of the tourism industry. The coast provides opportunities for local scuba divers to take part in a range of diving activities, but there is
minimal support for this tourism activity in Mississippi. To remedy this situation, this study argues that the functional, emotional, social, risk, and epistemic value local divers put on their diving experience leads to greater satisfaction in their diving experience. Accordingly, hypotheses
are developed to directly link each dimension of perceived value to satisfaction with the diving experience. Results highlight a significant effect of overall perceived value on satisfaction with the diving experience. Further, the functional and social value factors were also found to have
significant and positive relationships with diver satisfaction. Beyond providing greater understanding of what brings local divers greater fulfillment, a larger goal of this research is to discover future ways to better market scuba diving along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Shortness of Breath in Children with Pneumonia at Mappi General Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Naomi Deby Rante Lembang  , Mikawati  , Rizky Pratiwi
Published: June 2023

The relationship between nutritional status and shortness of breath in childhood pneumonia is an important concern in the management and management of this disease. Poor nutritional status in children can influence their immune system, making them more susceptible to infections such as pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of shortness of breath in children with pneumonia at Mappi General Hospital, Indonesia. This study is a cross-sectional analytic observational study. A total of 49 research subjects were included in this study. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS using univariate and bivariate relationships between nutritional status and the incidence of shortness of breath in pneumonia patients. The majority of pneumonia patients with malnutrition experienced symptoms of shortness of breath compared to pneumonia patients with normal nutrition, p<0.05. There is a significant relationship between poor nutritional status and the incidence of shortness of breath in pediatric patients with pneumonia.
Absurditas dalam Karya Sastra
Authors: Werdiningsih Endang
Published: June 2023

Absurdity comes from the word absurd which means impossible, unreasonable, ridiculous, laughing. Absurdity is defined as the impossibility of circumstances. Absurd is a condition that describes an emptiness. It then develops into a void of self in one's life. This emptiness is usually one of the characteristics of life which are played in stories that are classified as absurd. Absurd can also be said as things that deviate from harmony, unclear and illogical. Absurd events as things that no matter how strange and crazy for a straight mind but they exist in everyday life.
Kreativitas Guru Ekonomi Dalam Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran di Era Digital/Revolusi 4.0 Di SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya
Authors: Riska Riska , Alexandro Rinto , Uda Tonich , Rohaetin Sri , Nonsihai Nonsihai , Susi Sukarningsi  , Hendrowanto Nibel  , Daniel Susan
Published: June 2023

In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, new technologies emerged that resulted in extraordinary changes in all fields, including education. Technology continues to change, becoming faster or cheaper, this requires the world of education to construct creativity, critical thinking, mastery of technology, and digital literacy skills. In fact, currently we need the best teachers who understand class dynamics and utilize technology to educate students. Technology will make teachers more confident and easier in teaching their students so that they are able to turn classrooms into creative, innovative and fun learning spaces. This study aims to determine the   creativity   of   economics   teachers   in   implementing   learning   models   in   the   digital era/revolution 4.0 at SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya. The research method used seen from the type of research is qualitative research emphasizing meaning, reasoning, definition of a particular situation related to the problem of creativity of economics subject teachers in applying learning models, data collection process using observation, interviews, documentation using descriptive analysis techniques, so see the truth. Teacher creativity in applying learning models using  Blended  learning  and  Cloud learning models and learning planning using Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) that are oriented towards learning that can form creative and innovative generations. The implementation of learning in schools is also supported by learning infrastructure that is sufficient to help become the basis for learning for the success of understanding in students, so that teachers can become facilitators who will guide students in the learning process. The use of technology by economics teachers at SMA Negeri 2 Palangka Raya as a tool in implementing learning is to use google classroom, google meet, whatsapp, zoom, PPT, self-made videos or from the internet according to learning objectives. In planning indicators, teachers require routine annual teaching and learning activities/Technical Guidance (Bimtek) which are held through school programs or the city government. In the implementation indicators, the importance of mastery of infrastructure goods in the modern era, in this growing era, we are required to always be active so that teachers are not left behind and learning reaches effective and efficient goals. Evaluation indicators for teachers are expected to always be active in introducing students' characters, increasing references to modern learning modules so that students can plan optimally  and  be more interesting in the future.
Quantification of Training in Human Thought using Chaos Theory: Degree of Decreasing Entropy as an Indicator
Authors: Yanagisawa Hideaki
Published: June 2023

Many analytical methods used to quantify the technical training of human resources have been reported, but they are poor at assessing the training of human thought. Chaos theory and the degree of decreasing entropy have not yet been used in such analytics, although all phenomena—except for those in a completely fixed state (e.g., mathematics, historical facts, and true natural laws) or a random state (e.g., dialing a random digit)—are based on chaos theory. Chaos theory must therefore be considered in the quantification of the technical and intellectual training of human resources because human thinking is involved. This report compares a method for chaos theoretical quantification of human resource training to methods that do not involve chaos theory. The development of the ability to change to a fixed state from a chaotic state beyond the Feigenbaum point is the goal for the training in thinking; this process, which involves a decrease in entropy, is the most difficult, and important process in such training. In a chaotic state with an infinite number of solutions, humans can never show their own state using any method. In many reports, each goal in a fixed state is considered after thinking has been rearranged; however, a chaotic state in human thinking can never be expressed using indices such as productivity, efficiency, or job satisfaction. Indeed, many reported results are merely a part of human resource training, but the change of entropy in the fixed state is small (this corresponds to the “creativity” of artificial intelligence). By contrast, the change in entropy from a chaotic state to a fixed state is large, and this corresponds to human intuitive. Considered in terms of chaos theory, goal achievement for thinking must therefore be quantified in terms of the degree of decreasing entropy (i.e., the problem-solving speed, and degree of problem difficulty). This type of problem-solving speed is not about achieving ta goal but about creating a new idea. The concrete methods considered are the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting method, the Kawakida Jiro method, and the Mandala chart. Based on the findings presented here, considering entropy change in the chaotic state should become an index for evaluating the creation of a new idea instead of the repetition of an existing idea, as this type of thinking is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence. Given that almost all natural phenomena, including human thinking, are based on chaos theory, using this theory can promote scientific development in all academic fields.
Post Mastectomy Wound Complications with or Without Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Sandip Kumar Ghosh  , Ajay Halder  , Sishir Biswas
Published: June 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common causeof death from cancer among women in the world. Diagnosis is usually made by the clinical examination, USGBreast & mammography, and confirmed by FNAC, true cut biopsy, and incision biopsy.Materials and Methods: The study was an observational study which was carried out at tertiary care MedicalCentre (BMCH) Day today patient admitted in Department of Surgery with a breast lump and was diagnosed asbreast carcinoma, took neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not and operated. The present study was done to observethe incidence of wound complications after mastectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy within 6 weeksand to compare the incidence of wound complications that occurs after breast surgeries following neo adjuvantchemotherapy with the same without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Results: The mean age of this study population was 50.8 yrs. Histological type distribution showed that invasiveductal carcinoma consists of 64 patients (80%). Histological grade distribution showed that most of the patientswere Grade 2 (76.25%). Most of the patients had undergone modified radical mastectomy. About 77 (96.25%)patients underwent a modified radical mastectomy of which 36 (46.73%) took neoadjuvant chemotherapy and41 (53.24%) were not taken neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In our study, we found that among the 36 patients whoreceived neoadjuvant chemotherapy 27 patients (75%) developed complications after surgery whereas it wasmuch lesser in patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy which was 21 among 44 patients (47.7%). It has beenfound that the chance of complications is slightly more in the case of neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients.Conclusion: It was concluded that post-operative complications of MRM included wound dehiscence, seroma,surgical site infection, hematoma, altered sensation, and pain. Seroma formation is the most frequent and commoncomplication after mastectomy. The present study showed that the rate of wound complications after mastectomywas slightly high in the case of patients taking neo adjuvant chemotherapy.
Study of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Essential Hypertension and its correlation with the severity of Hypertension
Authors: Sarma Bhargab  , Doley Rimamoni  , Brahma Bhaskar  , Baruah Bhaskar
Published: June 2023

Background: Uric acid is thought to play a pathogenic role in hypertension mediated by several mechanisms suchas inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in renal microcirculation, endothelial cell dysfunctionetc. The study was carried to see the relationship between serum uric acid and hypertension and its correlationwith components of metabolic syndrome as it is thought that hyperuricemia is more common in hypertensivepatients probably because hyperuricemia may be also a component of metabolic syndrome.Methods: The present observational cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Medicine ina tertiary care hospital in Assam from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 150 patients who were diagnosed ashypertensives following ACC/AHA guidelines, 2017. Newly detected hypertensives were enrolled for the study.Relevant clinical and laboratory data were recorded using proforma and statistical analysis were done accordingly.Results: 20% cases were found to be hyperuricemic in the study population out of which 67% of the cases who hadmetabolic syndrome had hyperuricaemia.Conclusion: There can be a direct relation between hypertension and hyperuricemia, hyperuricemia was foundin 20% of hypertensive cases. Serum uric acid level correlates significantly with variables like BMI, Dyslipidemia,stage 2 hypertension, which are components of metabolic syndrome. Thus, hyperuricaemia can be an index ofsuspicion for the concomitant presence of metabolic syndrome
A Comparative Study Between Oral Pregabalin and Gabapentin in Prolongation of Postoperative Pain Relief after Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Swarup Paul  , Bodhisatwa Biswas  , Soma Mukhopadhyay  , Santi Bhattacharya  , Sukanta Sen
Published: June 2023

Background: Management of pain and its complications in postoperative period still a major challenge. Generally,the pathophysiology and treatment of postoperative pain and neuropathic pain have been considered as separateand distinct, though, there is considerable overlap in their pathophysiology.Materials & Methods: The present study was designed as randomized, double blinded, parallel group, open labeltrial to compare the efficacy of pregabalin and gabapentin as preemptive analgesics in surgery below umbilicusunder spinal anaesthesia. This study was conducted under the Department of Anesthesiology, in the R.G. KarMedical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Sixty two patients, aged between 20-50 yrs, ASA grade I and II, scheduled toundergo infra umbilical surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group G (n=31) they received 1200 mggabapentin, in group P (n=31) they received 300 mg pregabalin capsules, orally with sips of water, 1 hour beforethe induction of anesthesia. Routine monitoring in the form of NIBP, Pulse oxymetry and ECG were instituted onarrival in Operation Theatre. All patients were preloaded with 10 ml/kg lactated Ringer’s solution before beingadministered spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was instituted with 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (15 mg) at L3 – L4/ L4 - L5 level.Results: All the groups were comparable in respect to demographic data, ASA physical status, the mean durationof surgery and the type of surgeries performed between them. In the 24 hrs of post-perative period the mean VASscores at rest of Groups P was always significantly lower than those of Group G. The time to first dose of rescueanalgesic was compared between the groups, as in Group G (gabapentin group) rescue analgesic was given after9.41±1.84 hrs, while in Group P (pregabalin group) rescue analgesic was required after 15.38±3.52 hrs. Hence, ascomparison of pregabalin and gabapentin could be made for these parameters, and it was possible to come to aconclusion as the superiority of pregabalin over gabapentin.Conclusion: In conclusion, a single oral dose of pregabalin given preoperatively provides better postoperative pain control and decreases postoperative rescue analgesic consumption compared to single dose of gabapentin,based on lower mean VAS scores at rest.
The Role of Smoking on Incidence and Prognosis of Covid-19 Patients Admitted to Tishreen University Hospital
Authors: Ghaya Salhab  , Muhammad Alkhayer  , Akil Hajouz
Published: June 2023

Background: In February 2020, the World Health Organization identified Covid-19 and identified SARAS-COV2as the cause of the disease. So far, the number of infected people has exceeded 633 million, while the death toll hasexceeded 6.6 million. Since the start of the pandemic, there have been conflicting reports about smoking in termsof incidence and prognosis.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on incidence and prognosis of COVID-19patients.Patients and Methods: An Analytic Observational Cohort study was conducted in patients with a proven diagnosisof COVID-19. They are selected from Pulmonary Medicine department, Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia-Syria between June 2020 and December 2020. Study population were divided into two groups according to thepatient’s smoking status; group I included smoker (237 cases), and group II included non-smoker (277 cases).Results: The population of 514 patients was predominantly male (66.1%), with a mean age of 61.76±14.9 years.46.1% of the patients were smoker with presence of associated chronic diseases in 341 cases (66.3%). There wereno significant differences between two groups regarding gender and comorbidities (p>0.05). Patients weresignificantly older in group I than in group II (71.22±13.2 versus 60.88±15.2, p:0.001). The rate of oxygen-basedtreatment was higher in smokers compared non-smokers (84.8% versus 67.9%, p:0.03). Non-invasive mechanicalventilation was necessary in 31 patients (13.1%) in group I versus 73 patients (26.4%) in group II, p:0.04. Theduration of hospitalization was longer in non-smoker group (7.2±4.1 versus 5.7±3.9, p:0.001). Recovery rate washigher in non-smoker patients (81.2% versus 68.4%). In addition to, 75 patients (31.6%) in smoker group diedversus 52 patients (18.8%) in non-smoker group, p: 0.005.

Conclusion: The current study demonstrated presence of favorable inverse associations of smoking with durationof hospitalization and the need to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.
Thinking false and slow: Implausible beliefs and the Cognitive Reflection Test
Authors: Martire Kristy A. , Robson Samuel G. , Drew Manisara , Nicholls Kate , Faasse Kate
Published: June 2023

Why do people believe implausible claims like conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and fake news? Past studies using the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) suggest that implausible beliefs may result from an unwillingness to effortfully process information (i.e., cognitive miserliness). Our analysis (N = 664) tests this account by comparing CRT performance (total score, number and proportion of incorrect intuitive responses, and completion time) for endorsers and non-endorsers of implausible claims. Our results show that endorsers performed worse than non-endorsers on the CRT, but they took significantly longer to answer the questions and did not make proportionally more intuitive mistakes. Endorsers therefore appear to process information effortfully but nonetheless score lower on the CRT. Poorer overall CRT performance may not necessarily indicate that those who endorse implausible beliefs have a more reflexive, intuitive, or non-analytical cognitive style than non-endorsers.
Validation of the Edited Tromsø Infant Faces Database (E-TIF): A study on differences in the processing of children's emotional expressions
Authors: Duque Almudena , Picado Gonzalo , Salgado Gloria , Salgado Alfonso , Palacios Beatriz , Chaves Covadonga
Published: June 2023

Images of emotional facial expressions are often used in emotion research, which has promoted the development of different databases. However, most of these standardized sets of images do not include images from infants under 2 years of age, which is relevant for psychology research, especially for perinatal psychology. The present study aims to validate the edited version of the Tromsø Infant Faces Database (E-TIF) in a large sample of participants. The original set of 119 pictures was edited. The pictures were cropped to remove nonrelevant information, fitted in an oval window, and converted to grayscale. Four hundred and eighty participants (72.9% women) took part in the study, rating the images on five dimensions: depicted emotion, clarity, intensity, valence, and genuineness. Valence scores were useful for discriminating between positive, negative, and neutral facial expressions. Results revealed that women were more accurate at recognizing emotions in children. Regarding parental status, parents, in comparison with nonparents, rated neutral expressions as more intense and genuine. They also rated sad, angry, disgusted, and fearful faces as less negative, and happy expressions as less positive. The editing and validation of the E-TIF database offers a useful tool for basic and experimental research in psychology.
Spectral Graph Filtering for Noisy Signals Using the Kalman filter
Authors: Al-Attabi Ali , Al Ali
Published: June 2023

Noise is unwanted electrical or electromagnetic radiation that degrades the quality of the signal and the data. It can be difficult to denoise a signal that has been acquired in a noisy environment, but doing so may be necessary in a number of signal processing applications. This paper extends the issue of signal denoising from signals with regular structures, which are affected by noise, to signals with irregular structures by applying the graph signal processing (GSP) technique and a very wellknown filter, the standard Kalman filter, after adjusting it. When the modified Kalman filter is compared to the standard Kalman filter, the modified one performs better in situations where there are uncertain observations and/or processing noise and shows the best results. Also, the modified Kalman filter showed a higher efficiency when we compared it with other filters for different types of noise, which are not only standard Gaussian noises but also uniform distribution noise across two intervals for uncertain observation noise.
Coordinated Optimal Power Dispatch Incorporating the Scheduling of Distributed Energy Resources Under the Virtual Power Plant Concept
Authors: Chayakulkheeree Keerati
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a method is proposed for coordinated optimal power dispatch (OPD) incorporating the scheduling of distributed energy resources (DERs (COPD-IDS). The proposed COPD-IDS aims to minimize the total daily operating cost of a power system by considering the optimal scheduling of DERs. In the problem formulation, the DERs are considered dispatchable limited energy units and treated as a virtual power plant (VPP). The OPD is solved for total hourly cost minimization, using quadratic programming (QP) as a subproblem in COPDIDS. Meanwhile, the total daily operating cost minimization incorporating the scheduling of DERs is solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compared to a genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed COPD-IDS is tested on the modified IEEE 30-bus system under a practical load and the daily profiles of DERs. The simulation results show that the proposed method can minimize the total daily operational cost of the electricity system with the dispatchable condition of DERs using the VPP concept.
HI-Shaped Antenna for Non-Invasive Diabetes Measurement and Monitor Fluctuating Diabetes
Authors: Kirubakaran S.J. , Bennet. M , Shanker N. R.
Published: June 2023

The HI antenna senses the human pancreas dielectric radiation for diabetic measurement. Existing passive sensor antennas sense the dielectric radiation from the pancreas region at frequencies of 402.5 MHz and 2.4 GHz for a relative permittivity of 61.2155 and 57.201, respectively. The proposed antenna senses the dielectric properties of diabetic-affected pancreas, such as low and high-fat diabetic pancreas, in the frequency range between 1.5 GHz and 3 GHz. The relative permittivity of the diabetic pancreas is in the range of 48.235 to 65.508. The proposed antenna can sense the diabetic range between 70 mg/dl and 475 mg/dl based on a change in dB level, whereas the existing diabetic sensing antenna measures the diabetic level based on resonance frequency. The resonance-frequency-based diabetic measurement shows inaccurate results. The HI antenna senses pancreas radiation effectively because of the shape and size of its slot, which covers the pancreas region of the human body without generating noise due to the crumbling effect during pancreas dielectric radiation acquisition. The proposed HI-shaped antenna is mounted in different parts of the human body, such as the hand, finger, stomach, and pancreas, for measuring fluctuating diabetes. Based on the experimental results of the proposed HI-shaped antenna, the pancreas is in an optimal location among the various parts of the body. The proposed HI-shaped antenna-based dielectric signal statical values were correlated with diabetic laboratory values for prediction of the diabetic value. The proposed antenna measures the fluctuation in diabetes with 85% accuracy
Symmetrical Cross-Connected T-Type Multilevel Inverter With Reduce Device Count
Authors: Rathore Vishal , Kumar Dhananjay , Mundra Prateek
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a symmetrical, cross-connected T-type (CT-type) multilevel inverter (MLI) configuration with reduced device count (RDC). It comprises eight power switches, two DC sources, and four capacitors with self-voltage balancing. The generalized topology is formed by two CT-type basic modules connected by two power switches. These topologies operate using DC sources and capacitors having the same or different voltage levels, which can be extended by cascading the modules to attain a higher voltage level suitable for high-power applications. Therefore, the proposed CT-Type MLI is a good choice for renewable energy applications that require a lower input voltage source magnitude to attain high voltage levels. This paper uses the Matlab/Simulink platform to simulate the proposed CT-type topology using the level-shifted pulse width modulation (LS-PWM) technique. Further, a laboratory prototype is developed to test and validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MLI. Finally, a comparative analysis of the number of DC sources, capacitors, power switches, drivers, and total standing voltage (TSV) is presented against similar recent topologies.