bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Herbicides on the Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)
Authors: Aktar Shamima , Hossain MA , Siddika A , Naher Nazmun , Amin MR
Published: June 2013

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi (winter) season of 2008-09 to observe the efficacy of two herbicides on the yield of lentil (BARI masur-5). Paraxon, Whipsuper, Ronstar and Topstar were the herbicidal treatments applied after sowing of seeds and two leaf stage of weeds according to their mode of action. Dry weight of weed samples were recorded at 25 DAS and 40 DAS. The dry weight of weeds was found to be maximum in unweeded control. The highest yield of lentil 1086.6 kg ha-1 was observed when Whipsuper was applied while the control treatment showed the lowest yield (626.7 kg ha-1). A negative correlation existed between the weed dry matter weights and seed yield of lentil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15248 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 89-94
Insecticidal Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Trogoderma granarium (E.)
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Sagheer Muhammad , Hammad Ahmad , Rahman SM Mizanur , Hasan Masoor Ul
Published: June 2013

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Nigella sativa extracts against the larvae of T. granarium under laboratory conditions in the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2009-10. The highest concentration of (6 %) Z. officinale was found to be comparatively more toxic (16.70 %) than those of A. sativum (10.45 %) and N. sativa (5.49 %) at 96 hours exposure. Regarding latent effect of the test plant materials, Z. officinale gave significantly higher reduction (54.15 %) in F1 progeny than N. sativa (41.97 %) and A. sativum (32.19 %). The study reveals that Z. officinale had a strong latent effect against the larvae of the test pest. Further investigations on the efficacy of longer exposure in combination with higher concentrations of these extracts can be helpful to reduce the wheat store-insect damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15250 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 103-111
Rice Ecosystem, Allelopathy and Environment  A Review
Authors: Siddique AB , Ismail BS
Published: June 2013

Allelopathy is an important factor which contributes in determining distribution of species and their abundance within communities. Plant-plant interference is the combined effect of allelopathy, resource competition, and many other factors. Weed infestation is a major problem limiting the growth and yield of rice. Synthetic herbicide has been used for over 50 years as the prime source of weed control. The repeated use of herbicides in rice has already led to the evolution of resistance in some weed species. The conventional synthetic herbicides are becoming less effective against the resistant weed biotypes. Due to increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds and environmental concerns in the use of synthetic herbicides, allelopathy has been gaining preference as one of the considerable efforts in designing alternative weed management strategies. Modern ecotoxicologists and allelopathy researchers have been trying to identify allelochemicals to use as biodegradable pesticide. Two allelochemicals have been discovered, namely hexanedioic acid dioctyl ester and di-n-octyl phthalate which can be used as biopesticide. However, still there is enough scope to conduct such research that will contribute to protect our environment as well as increase food safety. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15251 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 112-121
Angling for Uniqueness in Enzymatic Preparation of Glycosides
Authors: Trincone Antonio
Published: June 2013

In the early days of biocatalysis, limitations of an enzyme modeled the enzymatic applications; nowadays the enzyme can be engineered to be suitable for the process requirements. This is a general bird’s-eye view and as such cannot be specific for articulated situations found in different classes of enzymes or for selected enzymatic processes. As far as the enzymatic preparation of glycosides is concerned, recent scientific literature is awash with examples of uniqueness related to the features of the biocatalyst (yield, substrate specificity, regioselectivity, and resistance to a particular reaction condition). The invention of glycosynthases is just one of the aspects that has thrust forward the research in this field. Protein engineering, metagenomics and reaction engineering have led to the discovery of an expanding number of novel enzymes and to the setting up of new bio-based processes for the preparation of glycosides. In this review, new examples from the last decade are compiled with attention both to cases in which naturally present, as well as genetically inserted, characteristics of the catalysts make them attractive for biocatalysis.
Cellulases in Ionic Liquids—The Long Term Stability of Aspergillus sp. Cellulase
Authors: Ilmberger Nele , Pottkämper Julia , Streit Wolfgang
Published: June 2013

It is a well known fact that some ionic liquids (ILs) have the potential to dissolve crystalline, water-insoluble cellulose that could be used as a source of glucose and subsequently derived molecules. Nevertheless, in the presence of high IL concentrations, cellulase activity and, even more so, cellulase stability are still challenging difficulties that need to be overcome. Therefore four fungal cellulase preparations were assayed in the presence of 30% (v/v) of five different ILs. Thereby the cellulase from Aspergillus sp. (Sigma-Aldrich) was not only remarkably active (up to 28 U/mg in 30% (v/v) IL ([BMMIM]Cl)), but furthermore stayed active during several weeks in the presence of 60% (v/v) IL (up to 50% relative activity after 9 weeks).
Immunomodulatory Activity of Recombinant Ricin Toxin Binding Subunit B (RTB)
Authors: Liu Wensen , Xu Na , Yuan Hongyan , Li Songyan , Liu Linna , Pu Zhaoyang , Wan Jiayu , Wang Huiwen , Chang Yaping , Li Ruisheng
Published: June 2013

Ricin toxin binding subunit B (RTB) is one of the subunits of the ricin protein. RTB has been used as adjuvant, but little is known about its mechanism. In this study, we found that RTB increased not only nitric oxide (NO) release, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. They subsequently exhibited enhanced ConA-induced T-cell and LPS-induced B-cell proliferative responses. We also examined the cytokines that were produced from splenocytes following in vitro RTB administration. Increased levels of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α were observed, while IL-4 and IL-5 were unaffected. These results demonstrate that recombinant RTB can act on the immune system and activate T-cells by introducing a Th1 immune response. Th1 cells might be the primary cellular target affected by RTB. Our results suggest that the recombinant RTB can promote the activation of macrophages and has a beneficial effect on immunomodulatory activity.
Natural 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol®)
Authors: Schwab Wilfried
Published: June 2013

4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF, furaneol®) and its methyl ether 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMMF) are import aroma chemicals and are considered key flavor compounds in many fruit. Due to their attractive sensory properties they are highly appreciated by the food industry. In fruits 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanones are synthesized by a series of enzymatic steps whereas HDMF is also a product of the Maillard reaction. Numerous methods for the synthetic preparation of these compounds have been published and are applied by industry, but for the development of a biotechnological process the knowledge and availability of biosynthetic enzymes are required. During the last years substantial progress has been made in the elucidation of the biological pathway leading to HDMF and DMMF. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field.
Challenges in Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Dynamics
Authors: Li Ying , Abberton Brendan , Kröger Martin , Liu Wing
Published: June 2013

The mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials originate from the interplay of phenomena at different spatial and temporal scales. As such, it is necessary to adopt multiscale techniques when modeling polymeric materials in order to account for all important mechanisms. Over the past two decades, a number of different multiscale computational techniques have been developed that can be divided into three categories: (i) coarse-graining methods for generic polymers; (ii) systematic coarse-graining methods and (iii) multiple-scale-bridging methods. In this work, we discuss and compare eleven different multiscale computational techniques falling under these categories and assess them critically according to their ability to provide a rigorous link between polymer chemistry and rheological material properties. For each technique, the fundamental ideas and equations are introduced, and the most important results or predictions are shown and discussed. On the one hand, this review provides a comprehensive tutorial on multiscale computational techniques, which will be of interest to readers newly entering this field; on the other, it presents a critical discussion of the future opportunities and key challenges in the multiscale modeling of polymeric materials and how these methods can help us to optimize and design new polymeric materials.
Access to and Benefit Sharing of Plant Genetic Resources: Novel Field Experiences to Inform Policy
Authors: Vernooy Ronnie , Ruiz Manuel
Published: June 2013

A number of national and international policy processes are underway to allow for the development of sui generis systems to protect local natural and genetic resources and related knowledge about their management, use and maintenance. Despite agreements reached on paper at international and national levels, such as the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from their use, and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, progress in implementation has been slow and in many countries, painful. Promising examples from the field could stimulate policy debates and inspire implementation processes. Case studies from China, Cuba, Honduras, Jordan, Nepal, Peru and Syria offer examples of novel access and benefit sharing practices of local and indigenous farming communities. The examples are linked to new partnership configurations of multiple stakeholders interested in supporting these communities. The effective and fair implementation of mechanisms supported by appropriate policies and laws will ultimately be the most important assessment factor of the success of any formal access and benefit sharing regime.
Two Phase Non-Rigid Multi-Modal Image Registration Using Weber Local Descriptor-Based Similarity Metrics and Normalized Mutual Information
Authors: Yang Feng , Ding Mingyue , Zhang Xuming , Wu Yi , Hu Jiani
Published: June 2013

Non-rigid multi-modal image registration plays an important role in medical image processing and analysis. Existing image registration methods based on similarity metrics such as mutual information (MI) and sum of squared differences (SSD) cannot achieve either high registration accuracy or high registration efficiency. To address this problem, we propose a novel two phase non-rigid multi-modal image registration method by combining Weber local descriptor (WLD) based similarity metrics with the normalized mutual information (NMI) using the diffeomorphic free-form deformation (FFD) model. The first phase aims at recovering the large deformation component using the WLD based non-local SSD (wldNSSD) or weighted structural similarity (wldWSSIM). Based on the output of the former phase, the second phase is focused on getting accurate transformation parameters related to the small deformation using the NMI. Extensive experiments on T1, T2 and PD weighted MR images demonstrate that the proposed wldNSSD-NMI or wldWSSIM-NMI method outperforms the registration methods based on the NMI, the conditional mutual information (CMI), the SSD on entropy images (ESSD) and the ESSD-NMI in terms of registration accuracy and computation efficiency.
Novel Magnetic Sensing Approach with Improved Linearity
Authors: Fontana Marco , Salsedo Fabio , Bergamasco Massimo
Published: June 2013

This paper introduces a novel contactless sensing principle conceived for measuring the rotation angle of a shaft. The sensor is based on a smart combination of low-cost components that can be effectively integrated in a mechanical assembly of a rotary joint. The working principle is based on the relative rotation of a small diametrically magnetized cylindrical or annular magnet and at least one Hall effect sensor. One of the main strengths of the new sensing principle is to be adaptable to any assigned dimensions and encumbrances without typical design limitations given by the use of standard components. A numerical model is developed for predicting the sensor output characteristic on the base of the concept of magnetic charge. Such a model is validated against results from laboratory experiments. The parameters that define the geometry and layout of the sensor are optimized in order to maximize linearity over an assigned angular range of measurement. Two examples of mechatronic systems that employ the new sensing principle are presented in order to show the possibility of obtaining with the new principle a compact/integrated sensor-design.
CrossVit: Enhancing Canopy Monitoring Management Practices in Viticulture
Authors: Matese Alessandro , Vaccari Francesco , Tomasi Diego , Di Gennaro Salvatore , Primicerio Jacopo , Sabatini Francesco , Guidoni Silvia
Published: June 2013

A new wireless sensor network (WSN), called CrossVit, and based on MEMSIC products, has been tested for two growing seasons in two vineyards in Italy. The aims are to evaluate the monitoring performances of the new WSN directly in the vineyard and collect air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation data to support vineyard management practices. The WSN consists of various levels: the Master/Gateway level coordinates the WSN and performs data aggregation; the Farm/Server level takes care of storing data on a server, data processing and graphic rendering; Nodes level is based on a network of peripheral nodes consisting of a MDA300 sensor board and Iris module and equipped with thermistors for air temperature, photodiodes for global and diffuse solar radiation, and an HTM2500LF sensor for relative humidity. The communication levels are: WSN links between gateways and sensor nodes by ZigBee, and long-range GSM/GPRS links between gateways and the server farm level. The system was able to monitor the agrometeorological parameters in the vineyard: solar radiation, air temperature and air humidity, detecting the differences between the canopy treatments applied. The performance of CrossVit, in terms of monitoring and reliability of the system, have been evaluated considering: its handiness, cost-effective, non-invasive dimensions and low power consumption.
Adding the “e-” to Learning for Sustainable Development: Challenges and Innovation
Authors: Barth Matthias , Burandt Simon
Published: June 2013

Education for sustainability (EfS) poses new challenges to higher education as it necessitates various shifts: from teacher- to learner-centered pedagogies, from input- to output-orientation and from a focus on content to problem-solving and process orientation. E-learning, which follows the principles of situated, constructivist learning, addresses some of these challenges and offers opportunities to design powerful learning environments for EfS. In this conceptual paper, we elaborate characteristics of such e-learning environments that support competence development and education for sustainability. To illustrate and support our line of reasoning we use three mini case studies of our own educational praxis and critically discuss opportunities and threats of such e-learning settings.
Effects of Timber Harvesting with Best Management Practices on Ecosystem Metabolism of a Low Gradient Stream on the United States Gulf Coastal Plain
Authors: DaSilva Abram , Xu Y. , Ice George , Beebe John , Stich Richard
Published: June 2013

Stream metabolism can be used as a measure of freshwater ecosystem health because of its responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic changes. In this study, we used stream metabolic rates to test for the effects of a timber harvest with Louisiana’s current best management practices (BMPs). The study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stand in north-central Louisiana, USA, 45 ha of which was clear cut harvested in the summer of 2007. Dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, and stream depth were recorded at a site upstream (serving as a reference) and a site downstream of the harvested area. Using diurnal DO change and an open-system, single-station method at each site, we quantified rates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross primary productivity (GPP), community respiration (CR), and the GPP/CR ratio. The system was predominately heterotrophic, with a GPP/CR ratio of less than one for 82% of the time at the upstream site. No calculated metabolic rate was significantly changed by the timber harvest (two-way ANOVA with interaction; p < 0.001). Overall, the results suggest that timber harvests of similar intensity with Louisiana’s current BMPs may not significantly impact stream biological conditions.
Determination of Perchlorate in Bottled Water from Italy
Authors: Iannece Patrizia , Motta Oriana , Tedesco Rossella , Carotenuto Maurizio , Proto Antonio
Published: June 2013

Perchlorate is regarded as an emerging persistent inorganic contaminant. It is widely known that perchlorate is an endocrine disruptor as it competitively inhibits iodide transport in the thyroid gland. As drinking water is the major source of human exposure to perchlorate, its occurrence in commercially available bottled waters purchased in different regions of Italy was investigated. Perchlorate was measured using the rapid, sensitive, and selective LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry) method by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transition 98.8→82.8, which corresponds to the loss of one oxygen atom in the perchlorate ion (ClO4−→ClO3−). The chlorine isotope ratio (35Cl/37Cl) was used as a confirmation tool. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for this method was 5 ng/L, and the recovery ranged from 94% to 108%. Perchlorate was detected in 44 of the 62 drinking waters tested, with concentrations ranging from <5 to 75 ng/L. These values are similar in magnitude to those reported in drinking water from the USA and do not pose an immediate health concern.
Obligations familiales et vie avec le VIH/SIDA en Chine aujourd’hui
Authors: Rachel Zhou Yanqiu
Published: June 2013

La discrimination sociale et une protection médicale limitée poussent la majorité des personnes vivant avec le VIH/ SIDA à chercher de l’aide auprès de leur famille. Cet article, à partir d’une enquête qualitative sur l’expérience de la maladie, traite de la notion d’obligation familiale et de son influence sur l’organisation de la vie quotidienne de ces individus. En envisageant la notion comme une réciprocité des relations entre les membres d’une famille, nous nous penchons plus particulièrement sur la façon dont les personnes vivant avec le VIH préservent leur autonomie afin de remplir leurs devoirs et de se construire comme des sujets éthiques malgré leur état de santé. Cette étude souligne l’importance et les limites de l''intégration du soutien familial dans l’action contre le SIDA en Chine.
Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films
Authors: Straumal Boris B , Protasova Svetlana G , Mazilkin Andrei A , Tietze Thomas , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela , Straumal Petr B , Baretzky Brigitte
Published: June 2013

The influence of the grain boundary (GB) specific area sGB on the appearance of ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO has been analysed. A review of numerous research contributions from the literature on the origin of the ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO is given. An empirical correlation has been found that the value of the specific grain boundary area sGB is the main factor controlling such behaviour. The Fe-doped ZnO becomes ferromagnetic only if it contains enough GBs, i.e., if sGB is higher than a certain threshold value sth = 5 × 104 m2/m3. It corresponds to the effective grain size of about 40 μm assuming a full, dense material and equiaxial grains. Magnetic properties of ZnO dense nanograined thin films doped with iron (0 to 40 atom %) have been investigated. The films were deposited by using the wet chemistry “liquid ceramics” method. The samples demonstrate ferromagnetic behaviour with Js up to 0.10 emu/g (0.025 μB/f.u.ZnO) and coercivity Hc ≈ 0.03 T. Saturation magnetisation depends nonmonotonically on the Fe concentration. The dependence on Fe content can be explained by the changes in the structure and contiguity of a ferromagnetic “grain boundary foam” responsible for the magnetic properties of pure and doped ZnO.
Cascade radical reaction of substrates with a carbon–carbon triple bond as a radical acceptor
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Asada Ryuta , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: June 2013

The limitation of hydroxamate ester as a chiral Lewis acid coordination moiety was first shown in an intermolecular reaction involving a radical addition and sequential allylation processes. Next, the effect of hydroxamate ester was studied in the cascade addition–cyclization–trapping reaction of substrates with a carbon–carbon triple bond as a radical acceptor. When substrates with a methacryloyl moiety and a carbon–carbon triple bond as two polarity-different radical acceptors were employed, the cascade reaction proceeded effectively. A high level of enantioselectivity was also obtained by a proper combination of chiral Lewis acid and these substrates.
Comment Peut-on être systématicien ?
Authors: Dumoulin David , Ollivier Guillaume
Published: June 2013

La systématique est une discipline ancienne – et elle a connu une profonde rénovation interne puis une certaine reconnaissance publique depuis 30 ans. Pourtant, peu de scientifiques se reconnaissent « systématiciens ». Comment analyser la définition des frontières disciplinaires ? Cet article se centre sur la mobilisation des scientifiques voulant faire exister cette discipline en tant qu’identité et principe d’organisation du travail scientifique. La première partie revient sur la trajectoire historique de la communauté des systématiciens et sur la constitution d’une communauté épistémique dans le contexte international de la mobilisation des dernières décennies autour de la biodiversité. La deuxième se focalise sur le travail de mobilisation de la Société Française de Systématique (SFS) à partir de 1984, qui permet littéralement à la discipline d’exister en France. La troisième livre un bilan contrasté de cette mobilisation française et souligne l’existence d’un cycle de mobilisation dans lequel les arènes internationales ont pris le relais.
La taxonomie dans la tourmente
Authors: Barberousse Anouk , Samadi Sarah
Published: June 2013

Dans cet article, nous présentons les débats qui affectent la taxonomie à la fois à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur, ainsi que les diverses solutions qui sont actuellement proposées à la crise qu’elle subit. Nous mettons en lumière le rôle que jouent les données génétiques dans le travail taxonomique et soulignons le caractère complémentaire des données génétiques et des spécimens conservés dans les collections d’histoire naturelle.
Les systématiciens à l’épreuve du barcoding
Authors: Arpin Isabelle , Faugère Elsa
Published: June 2013

Dans un contexte qualifié de 6e crise d’extinction des espèces, les inventaires de la biodiversité ont acquis une valeur et une urgence inédites. Les scientifiques – qu’on appelle taxonomistes ou systématiciens – dont le métier consiste à explorer, inventorier et collecter les espèces vivantes se sont saisis de nouveaux outils pour accélérer et améliorer leur entreprise d’inventaire de la biodiversité. Depuis la parution en 2003 d’un article fondateur de Hebert et al., l’un d’eux occupe une place tout à fait centrale : le barcoding. Inventé et promu par une partie des systématiciens (les molécularistes), sa réussite exige la collaboration active des systématiciens qui fondent leur travail sur l’observation des caractères morphologiques (les morphologistes). En nous appuyant sur des enquêtes menées dans des terrains contrastés, nous analysons comment les molécularistes s’efforcent d’enrôler les morphologistes dans le barcoding. Nous montrons que les molécularistes ont une stratégie d’enrôlement plurielle, qui repose sur un ensemble de compétences pédagogiques, rhétoriques et sociales et leur permet de tenir compte de la grande diversité et singularité des morphologistes et des conditions d’exercice de leur pratique. Nous mettons également en évidence des facteurs qui favorisent cette stratégie d’enrôlement, comme la participation physique des molécularistes aux campagnes de collection et le soutien de morphologistes convertis au barcoding. Cet article entend ainsi contribuer à la connaissance et à l’analyse des pratiques d’enrôlement scientifique, restées relativement peu explorées.
Pense-bêtes, astuces et recettes de jardiniers-observateurs de papillons
Authors: Charvolin Florian
Published: June 2013

L’observatoire des papillons de jardin (OPJ) a débuté ses activités en 2006. Il résulte d’une collaboration entre un laboratoire du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle français et Noé Conservation, une Organisation non gouvernementale qui se consacre à la sensibilisation à la protection de la nature. L’OPJ est un exemple caractéristique de science citoyenne, dans lequel la connaissance produite engage la participation active du profane. L’article détaille le parti pris managérial d’ouvrir à tous sans distinction de compétence la possibilité de participer, par une démarche pragmatique qui du coup complexifie, en aval, le traitement des données et le calcul statistique des populations de papillons et leurs évolutions. Toutefois, cette pragmatique qui cherche à décomposer l’apprentissage en modules simplifiés est comparée avec les ethno-méthodes effectives de plusieurs amateurs engagés auprès de l’OPJ, par lesquelles les profanes s’orientent dans des façons de faire d’emblée compliquées pour se plier au format demandé in fine. Cela conduit à montrer la symétrie avec laquelle le protocole fonctionne dans le monde scientifique d’une part, et dans le monde des amateurs d’autre part, circulant harmonieusement entre ces mondes par une flexibilité interprétative et matérielle, qui peut être un autre nom donné à la « convivialité de l’outil ». Je conclus sur le caractère créatif de l’utilisation de cette exo-somatisation de l’observation, et des gains d’acuité obtenus permettant de mieux distinguer le monde qui nous entoure et ainsi d’étendre et nourrir son histoire biographique de remémorations plus précises assurant des souvenirs plus fouillés et la constitution d’une mémoire pour le futur.
Mettre en récits et partager l’expérience
Authors: Goulet Frédéric
Published: June 2013

Dans cet article, nous développons une analyse des procédés par lesquels les expériences individuelles sont partagées au sein d’un collectif d’agriculteurs. À partir d’observations auprès d’une communauté de pratiques organisées autour des techniques de semis direct, nous interrogeons les modalités par lesquelles ces expériences locales, situées dans des contextes physiques ou sociaux contrastés, sont mises en discours pour être rendues accessibles à autrui. Nous mobilisons pour cela les cadres conceptuels de la sociologie des sciences et des techniques et de la sociologie pragmatique, qui permettent de rendre compte des épreuves et des dispositifs assurant la mise en équivalence des expériences et la montée en généricité. Nous montrons notamment que l’utilisation du cadre d’analyse de la sociologie de la traduction, à l’origine conçu autour de l’étude des pratiques de laboratoire, ouvre des pistes de recherche intéressantes pour étudier la dynamique de connaissances autres que scientifiques.
Ethnographie de deux restitutions manquées
Authors: Roselli Mariangela
Published: June 2013

La problématique de cette contribution est celle de la non-réception comme forme de résistance. À l’occasion de deux enquêtes de terrain menées dans deux bibliothèques entre 2006 et 2008, des techniques de restitution orale et de discussion des résultats sont mises en place autour d’un comité de pilotage. Malgré un protocole ethnographique basé sur des observations participantes (participation aux différents niveaux de tâches, aux réunions d’équipes et de services, observations directes et entretiens individuels), le rapport d’enquête, envoyé sous format électronique par la direction, est accueilli par une fin de non-recevoir par les salariés de la bibliothèque municipale. Dans l’enquête en bibliothèque universitaire, une présentation en diapositive de l’avancement de l’enquête est contestée par les salariés réclamant des formes d’échange plus ouvertes. Prenant appui sur ces deux expériences, l’article décrit les deux situations et analyse les enjeux qui se sont trouvés cristallisés par la formalisation des résultats restitués et par les supports utilisés (courrier électronique et diaporama).
The Institute of Slovenian Ethnology ZRC SAZU (1951/2001–2011)
Authors: Slavec Gradišnik Ingrid
Published: June 2013

Na podlagi poročil o delu Inštituta za slovensko narodopisje v prvih petih desetletjih je povzeta njegova institucionalna zgodovina, ki bistveno zaznamuje tudi delo v zadnjem desetletju. Pregled premikov v tem času gre brati kot nadaljevanje znanstvene produkcije, ki je v svoji naravi kumulatina, se torej opira na disiplinarno in institucionalno izročilo ter hkrati – glede na personalne in finančne možnosti ter individualne habituse raziskovalcev – sprejema izzive paradigmatskih sprememb v disciplini in trenutnih politik znanosti.
***
This article presents a summary of the research achievements of the Institute of Slovenian Ethnology as they are documented in the institute's yearly reports -- achievements that also strongly influenced the course of research in the institute during the last decade. A survey of the developments in research interests of the institute can be interpreted as a continuation of scientific production that is cumulative by nature.
Research developments over time are thus understood as being based on disciplinary and institutional tradition while at the same time -- given existing personal and financial possibilities and the individual habitus of each researcher -- meeting the challenges of paradigm shifts in the discipline as well as in the politics of science.
Comparación entre el análisis 2-D y el Método de la Densidad de Fuerzas (discreto) para el equilibrio en estructuras de membrana
Authors: Viglialoro G. , Murcia J. , Martínez F.
Published: June 2013

Este trabajo analiza el problema del equilibrio de una membrana y propone una comparación entre el conocido Método de la Densidad de Fuerzas, discreto y unidimensional (1-D), que aproxima la superficie de la membrana mediante una red espacial de cables, y el método continuo y bidimensional (2-D) sobre la propia superficie. Aunque el Método de la Densidad de Fuerzas representa una estrategia práctica y útil en el diseño de estructuras de membrana, se comprobará que el análisis continuo bidimensional no solo es más preciso y general sino que es más fiable, especialmente en aquellos casos en los que la membrana es el mismo tablero de una estructura portante (por ejemplo, una pasarela). En particular, una vez resumido el Método de la Densidad de Fuerzas, se planteará el problema continuo del equilibrio de membrana. A continuación se definirá un proceso de comparación entre ambos métodos, analizándolo por medio de ejemplos concretos. Finalmente, se señalarán algunas conclusiones.
A Semantic Classification Method of Digital Image Based on Cloud Model
Authors: Xing Ling , Zhao Wei , Fu Rong
Published: June 2013

In view of randomness and fuzziness of digital image semantics, a new semantic representation of digital image based on cloud model is proposed and a semantic vector space is constructed. In the space, semantic classifications of digital images are completed by calculating the semantic class certainty degree (SCCD). In addition, we propose cloud support vector machine based on image semantics (CSVM-IS) model, which can effectively utilize the knowledge of SCCD. This method can effectively classify the multi-semantic information and eliminate the rejection of the classification samples. Experimental results show that CSVM-IS is superior to the Nesting Algorithm in terms of classification performance.
An Algorithm of Edge Detection Based on FSVM
Authors: Cai Ai Ping
Published: June 2013

The support vector machine (SVM) has been shown to be an efficient approach for a variety of classification problems. It has also been widely used in target identification and tracking, motion analysis, image segmentation technology. Traditional detection methods mostly exist pseudo-edge and poor anti-noise capability. Under these circumstances, developing an efficient method is necessary. In this paper, we propose a new detection algorithm based on FSVM, the main idea is to train classified sample and give all training data a degree of membership, increase punishment to the wrong sub-sample. Then training and testing the FSVM classification model. Finally, extract edge of the image by using FSVM classification model. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can detect a clear image edge and have a good anti-noise nature.
New Feature Extraction Method Based on Contourlet Transform for Banknote Classification
Authors: Yang Guo Wei , Wang Wen Ling , Gai Shan
Published: June 2013

In order to improve the performance of the banknote classification, new banknote image feature extraction method is proposed in this paper. The contourlet transform is applied to the original banknote image which is obtained by image contact sensor.The statistical characteristics of transformed image in the contourlet domain are analyzed. The statistical characteristics which can perfectly reflect the banknote image texture information are used as feature vector for banknote classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain higher recognition compared with other conventional banknote image feature extraction methods.
Research on Accelerating Rendering Technology of Medical Images Visualization
Authors: Peng Yan Jun , Wang Yuan Hong
Published: June 2013

Based on the facts in medical images that there are many empty voxels and the near scene is more sensitive to human vision, our accelerating rendering algorithm divides the rendering process into near scene and far scene parts. An accelerated ray-casting method is adapted for rendering the near scene and a fast splatting method is adapted for rendering the far scene. The inherent coherence existed in adjacent frames is used to accelerate the navigation speed. A part of far scene of the next frame may be simply rendered by view transforming the part of far scene of the current frame.
Embedding and Extraction of Digital Watermark Based on DCT
Authors: Wu Hong Yu , Li Yao Hui
Published: June 2013

We propose a DCT domain watermarking algorithm, this algorithm transforms the watermark image before the watermark embedding and embeds watermark images by key vector, which improves the robustness and security greatly. The experiments indicate that the program has a better robustness on Gaussian filtering, white noise, image shearing, so digital watermark technology is useful.
Research on the Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology
Authors: Liu Guang Ya , Cheng Ming Xiu
Published: June 2013

This paper introduces the theory of photovoltaic battery and gives circuit model of the battery. Its Simulink simulation model and the output characteristic curve are achieved by the derivation of the circuit model. It also introduces the working principle of MPPT and different kinds of MPPT algorithm. The paper focuses on the implementation of the Conductance Increment Method , and carries on the simulation results.
Damage Assessment of the Attacked Airports Based on Image Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao Nan , Yang Jun Feng , Du Si Liang , Zhi Jun
Published: June 2013

Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) is to assess the damage degree of enemy’s target after being attacked. In modern war, combat commanders always make decision on the basis of BDA. In this paper, an automatic method for assessing the damage extent of an attacked airport based on the image taken before and after a strike is described. Firstly, the airport blockade condition is analyzed and damage assessment criteria of airport are proposed. Secondly, three steps of the image information pretreatment are carried out and a reliability analysis method of image information is proposed. Lastly, damage assessment result is calculated to verify the validity and availability of the proposed method.
Video Conference System Based on Multipath Transmission
Authors: Zhan Xiao Juan , Yao Deng Ju , Zhang Xiao Jing , Yu Bo
Published: June 2013

To resolve QoS problem in video conference system, a kind of architecture for video conference system was designed, which combined centralized signaling based on SIP with media transport based on P2P. In addition, an improved quantum genetic algorithm was used to solve the multipath routing selection problem. The method broke the shackles of the single-path transmission and adopted multipath transmission mechanism, not only avoiding the underlying network routing errors but effectively improving the reliability of the media transmission.
A New Compression Method for Bayer Color Filter Array Images
Authors: Shan Bao Tang , Wang Fa Nian , Gao Juan
Published: June 2013

In order to improve the compression performance of Bayer CFA images exposed continuously, a new high performance remainder set near-lossless compression method is presented. Based on channel-separated-filtering, several typical Bayer CFA image compression methods are compared with the proposed remainder set algorithm. It is proved that the remainder set algorithm has not only the better compression performance, i.e., the lower bits per pixel (average about 2.16bpp), but also the better reconstructed CFA image PSNR (average about 52.31dB). Finally, the proposed method is employed in a multiple channel CMOS image sampling system and some test results are given.
Adaptive Video Denoising Based on Spatio-Temporal Combination
Authors: Di Hong Wei , Zhang Kai Han , Gao Hui
Published: June 2013

An algorithm of adaptive video denoising base on spatio-temporal combination is demonstrated. The adaptive threshold function is obtained through unary linear regression analysis combining interval estimation and hypothesis test. By motion detection to multi-frame images, still regions and motion regions of video image are distinguished through the adaptive threshold. Temporal weighted average filter to the still regions and spatial ANL filter to the motion regions are used separately. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm works well.
Application of Harmonic Wavelet Analysis to Rubbing Vibration Signals for Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zheng Yuan
Published: June 2013

Harmonic wavelet transform (HWT)and harmonic wavelet time-frequency profile plot (TFPP) is introduced firstly in practice to identify weak singularity in a signal with noise clearly. With TFPP method, emulational signal and vibration data of the rubbing of the large practical turbo-generator units are analyzed successfully, which prove that the method is effectively extract the rubbing signal feature which is can not gained by the other signal analysis methods, and the rubbing of the turbo-generator units is identified effectively.
Application of Wavelet Analysis in Nondestructive Testing of Steel and Iron Materials and DSP Implementation
Authors: Liu Pei Yue , Wang Jun Fen , Ma Bao Qiu
Published: June 2013

Aiming at improving the unideal testing result by means of analog signal processing, wavelet analysis is introduced in the nondestructive testing of steel and iron materials, based on the characteristics of electromagnetic nondestructive testing signal. According to the requirement of wavelet algorithm for hardware, the advantages of DSP, digital signal processing function and high calculating speed, design scheme of the steel electromagnetic nondestructive testing device is proposed in this paper. Experiments show that this method can extract detection signal effectively.
Study on Energy Distribution of Single-Hole Blasting Vibration Signal Based on Wavelet Packet Transform
Authors: Li Dong Tao , Xu Li Xin , Sun Yuan Yuan , Jia Qiu Rui , Yan Jing Long
Published: June 2013

It is conducive to reducedamage of blasting vibration to realize energy distribution and attenuation lawof single-hole blasting vibration signal. With the measured single-holeblasting vibration velocity curves, used wavelet packet analysis technologywith high-resolution character, the law of energy distribution of single-holeblasting vibration signals in different frequency bands, and the effect ofblasting source and distance from the source on single-hole blasting vibrationsignal energy distribution were analysised. The results show that the energy ofsingle-hole blasting vibration signals attenuation very quickly in thefrequency domain concentration distribution in 0~100Hz; and distance from thesource has significant influence on energy distribution in the frequencydomain; The energy is mainly distributed in the low frequency band whendistance from the source is larger, which has guiding significance inmitigation of blast-induced vibrations.
Rotating Machine Monitoring Based on Blind Source Separation of Correlated Source Signals
Authors: Li Ning , Chen Hai Ting , Liu Shao Peng
Published: June 2013

Blind source separation (BSS) which separate the unknown sources from the observed signals is a new signal processing technique. The most methods for solving this problem rely on assumptions of independence or uncorrelation of source signals at least. However, the observed signal is always interfered by signals with common frequency in the rotating machine, and difficult to be separated by the conventional BSS method. In this paper, it is proved that the source signals with common frequencies are correlative, and the separating error brought by the cross-correlation of the source signals is analyzed. A new separating method for the correlated source signals with frequency overlapping is presented and it is successfully applied to separate the monitoring signals of rotor test stand.
Synthesis of Acoustic-Emission Wave Propagation in Multi-Layer Media
Authors: Zhang Rui Chong , Alamin Alhamid
Published: June 2013

This paper presents synthesis of acoustic-emission (AE) wave propagation in multi-layer materials and simulation of AE wave responses at free surface. In particular, the AE source is modelled as an arbitrary-orientation dislocation over an inclined-to-surface fault within one layer or at the layer-to-layer interface, while the materials are assumed as multi-layer media, each of which is homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. With the use of the integral transformation approach, the three-dimensional wave propagation in the materials is solved in transformed or frequency-wavenumber domain. Subsequently, a closed-form solution for wave responses at free surface is found, which can then be converted in time-space domain. Numerical examples are finally provided for illustration.
Modeling of Temperature Characteristic of Hybrid Supercapacitor with Aqueous Electrolyte for Electric City Bus’ Power System
Authors: Wei Li , Zhao Yang , Gu Shuai , Zhang Yi Cheng
Published: June 2013

For the purpose of studying the state of health of AOWEI 1.5V/80000F hybrid supercapacitor with aqueous electrolyte for the driving power system of supercapacitor city bus, an equivalent circuit model describing the electrical characteristic of hybrid supercapacitor is proposed according to its working principle. Then, the statistical method of correlation and regression analysis is presented to model the relationship of temperature and equivalent circuit model parameters based on experimental data. The goodness of fit and the test of statistical significance are fulfilled to verify the regression model and coefficients, and results show that the parameters of equivalent circuit model can describe temperature behavior of hybrid supercapacitor.
Research on the Key Technologies of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Power Grids
Authors: Zhou Jun , Geng Yu Shui , Wang Xin Gang
Published: June 2013

Smart grid need to transmit a large number of data through the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In the past, the core problem of WSN was to limit the energy consumptions of the node and prolong the life cycle. With the development of hardware technologies, and to improve the security and reliability of the transmit data, the core problem of WSN is changed to improve the connectivity and stability of WSN network. This paper summarized a new topology used in WSN network. Large area was divided into small grid as region. By calculate the weighted average values of each node in the region, we constructed a tree topology. The new topology improved the key technologies of WSN including data privacy, Qos, query algorithm and robustness. In the simulation experiments, the new topology can improve the stability and connectivity of the WSN remarkably.
Network Transformation for Electric Control System of Mine Hoist
Authors: Qu Cai Ping , She Yan
Published: June 2013

The hardware design and software design of network transformation to relay electric control system of the original mine hoist are introduced. Double PLC and computer control technology is adapted in the transformation project, in order to improve intelligent level of hoist control system. The monitoring system was design to monitor the hoist running state on line and realize remote monitoring through network. The systems successful transformation had done a leap from old relay-contact control to automatic control. Test running shows that, running safely and reliably and stabile performance of the system satisfies design requirements of hoist transportation.
An Electrostatic Film Vibration Voltage Transducer
Authors: Li Jin Bo , Xu Qi Feng
Published: June 2013

An electrostatic film vibration voltage transducer（EFVVT，Electrostatic Film Vibration Voltage Transducer）is presented in this paper. The theoretical model is derived particularly. A high voltage is measured based on sensing of the film vibration displacement. The application of high precision measurement method of the film micro-displacement is also introduced into the EFVVT. The simulation measurement system is built up by the transfer function in the Simulink environment and the result shows that the measurement accuracy of the EFVVT is good enough which can reach a 0.2 class in the 110kV voltage level in a 20%~150% rated voltage range.
Design of Servo Positioning System Based on PID Variable Structure
Authors: Jiang Wei  Hua , Fan Yuan Cheng , Liu Zheng , Zeng Da
Published: June 2013

The direct-drive servo motor is servo product with high performance widely applied in the fields of robotics and manufacturing due to its special construction and high-precision design. Considering the working principles of laser engraving machines, as well as the impact on the dynamic and static performance of the control system exerted by PID controllers frequently integral correction link in the process of start and stop, this article describes in detail how to achieve accurate positioning of direct drive servo motor by adjusting PID parameters.
Key Words
Servo motor,PID variable structure,Servo positioning,Laser engraving machine