bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE OPINION OF RURAL SCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN LATVIA
Authors: MARTINSONE Žanna , VANADZIŅŠ Ivars
Published: March 2018

The previous survey among adult inhabitants of rural areas indicated that they do not see the possibility for development of business facilities in some rural regions of Latvia – so called specially protected nature territories (SPNT). However, the opinion of the younger generation (pupils of local schools of SPNT) about sustainable management and preservation of the nature has not been analyzed so far. The aim of study was to study the level of social awareness of children living in rural areas on sustainable environment issues. Several discussion-lectures on sustainable environment issues were organized during March-April 2017 in one of SPNT (Raznas National Park; 87 children from 6 to 12 classes were participating). The pupils’ opinion on environmental and social awareness indicated that children are more motivated to take active role in protection of environment. Moreover, most of them were aware of the importance of ecosystem services in their lives as well as their impact on nature. It was also found that the interest of children in agriculture derives from their family's core activities in this area indicating that there might be successful future scenarios in this area concentrating on development of ecological and economically sustainable innovative farming. Social innovation labs are very good example on potential scenario that could be repeated also in Latvian rural areas to areas of social actions in order find a better solutions and cope with problems and after all help to successfully generate ideas and implement innovations.
Food Allergy in Children with Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa. The Results of the Observational Study
Authors: Makarova S. G. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Murashkin N. N. , Vishneva E. A. , Epishev R. V. , Chumbadze T. R. , Kogevnikova O. V. , Snovskaya M. A. , Ereshko O. A. , Balabekova F. G. , Yasakov D. S.
Published: March 2018

Background: Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) refers to a group of rare inherited disorders characterized by severe damage of skin and in most patients — the gastrointestinal mucosa, what leads to a violation of skin and mucosal barrier properties in relation to allergens. However, the issues of food sensitization and food allergy in this category of patients have not been studied, and the study of this problem is important.Aim: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of food allergy (FA) and IgE-response to food proteins in children with EB.Methods: 82 patients with EB aged from 2 months to 16 years were entered this open non-randomized observational prospective study, including 20 patients with simple form of EB and 62 patients with dystrophic form of EB. We analyzed allergic history and clinical manifestations of the FA in all the patients. Every patient in this study underwent of determination of the concentration of total serum IgE and specific serum IgE to the most important food allergens, as well as to mixtures of household allergens in some cases (UniCAP System, Phadia AB). Results: Skin lesion in patients with EB masks allergic skin manifestations, causing a hypodiagnosis of the FA in this category of patients, which in turn leads to erroneous organization of nutritional support. FA (clinical manifestations) was identified in 20.7% of children with EB (in 10% of cases with simple form of EB and in 24.2% — in patients with dystrophic form of EB). Products containing cow’s milk protein, cereals, and eggs were identified as etiologic factors of FA in most cases. In the group of children with comorbidity FA and EB high and very high levels of total IgE (1000 kUA / l) were detected most frequently. The main cause-significant allergens are cow’s milk proteins, cereals, eggs. Conclusions: Comorbidity with FA is high in patients with dystrophic form of EB. The main cause-significant allergens are cow’s milk proteins, cereals, eggs.
Dmitry A. Zhdanov ― the Founder of the Functional Anatomy of the Lymphatic System (to the 110th Birth Anniversary)
Authors: Nikolenko V. N. , Kudryashova V. A. , Oganesyan M. V. , Rizaeva N. A. , Zakirov F. H.
Published: March 2018

D.A. Zhdanov is the eminent member of Russian anatomy school, member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, great lymphologist, talented master and wise mentor whose 110th jubilee is held this year. Having introduced completely new way of teaching and learning anatomy, Zhdanov expanded knowledge of functions and structure of lymphatic system, presented new information unknown before and determined direction of further studies for his disciples. Being the founder of functional anatomy of the lymphatic system, D.A. Zhdanov brought up a lot of scientists of morphology who developed the aspects he had noticed. The article reveals main directions of Zhdanov’s occupation and activity (studying the lymphatic system, mentorship and tutorship); major findings and methods which he used in his researche works; his interesting and many-sided personality. The article also describes works of D.A. Zhdanov in other scientific areas such as history of medicine and art, analyzes his international scientific work and role in formation of the Russian anatomy school, presents some biographical data, description of researches and recollections of colleagues.
New guidance published on safe installation of off-site-manufactured floor slabs
Authors: Gorst Nick
Published: March 2018

Design for manufacture and assembly offers many benefits including improved site safety – but installing large ready-made components on-site is not without risk. Nick Gorst of British Precast introduces a new code of practice for installing floor slabs.
Considering uncertainty in life-cycle carbon dioxide emissions of fly ash concrete
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Zhang Junzhi , Lü Meng , Wang Jiandong , Gao Yanhong
Published: March 2018

Concrete, the most widely used construction material in the world, consumes a large amount of resources and emits significant greenhouse gases during production. Previous studies have adopted a deterministic method to confirm that substituting fly ash for cement in concrete can reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, the life-cycle assessment involves a lot of assumptions and associated uncertainties. This paper reports on an investigation to consider those uncertainties. Two types of uncertainty – parameter uncertainty and uncertainty due to the choice of functional units – were investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation method and scenario analysis method, respectively. The results indicated that results varied significantly with the preset functional units. When considering volume and strength, although the addition of fly ash in concrete can reduce emissions, compressive strength is also decreased resulting in a zero net change in emissions performance. When adopting other functional units, the addition of fly ash has emission-reduction potential. By considering parameter uncertainty, although average emissions decrease with addition of fly ash, the standard deviation increases with addition, indicating an increasing discreteness. It is concluded that considering the uncertainty in the life-cycle emission analysis of fly ash concrete leads to more rational decision-making for concrete selection.
Stress and time-dependent properties of crushed chalk
Authors: Bialowas Grzegorz A. , Diambra Andrea , Nash David F. T.
Published: March 2018

Although nearly all occurrences of putty/remoulded chalk can be problematic for geotechnical engineers, laboratory studies of its mechanical properties remain infrequent. This paper presents results of a laboratory programme to characterise the mechanical behaviour of reconstituted samples from crushed chalk. Using non-destructive wave velocity propagation measurements by bender elements, a full characterisation of the small-strain shear stiffness (G0) for a range of stress levels and overconsolidation ratios is provided for the first time. The time-related small-strain stiffness and strength gains have also been investigated by ageing fully saturated reconstituted chalk samples under different isotropic stresses for a period up to 72 d. While the increase in strength was found to be negligible, an increase of the soil shear stiffness with time was recorded. Such increase appears to be mostly related to secondary (creep) deformations, although some further increase was also observed when measurable deformations ceased. Beyond the initial shear stiffness, the overall shear behaviour appears to be unaffected by the ageing and is mostly governed by the consolidation stress history and density. These experimental results are expected to benefit the design of geotechnical structures in contact with remoulded or putty chalk, in particular when assessment of small deformation behaviour (serviceability) is required.
Cytokines and MMPs levels in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones. Odontológicas Raúl Vincentelli, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Mastromatteo-Alberga Patrizzia , Escalona Cárdenas Laura ,   Instituto de Investigaciones. Odontológicas Raúl Vincentelli, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela., Correnti María ,   Instituto de Investigaciones. Odontológicas Raúl Vincentelli, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
Published: March 2018

The study of host response in periodontal disease may provide a mechanism to monitor disease progression. The purpose of the present research was to determine the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-6sR, IL-8, IL-10, MMP-3 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in order to evaluate therapy response. Methodology: Eleven patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and eleven healthy subjects were selected for this study. Clinical measurements, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were carried out in patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and periodontal healthy controls. The clinical indexes evaluated were: gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI). Samples of GCF were taken from one tooth per quadrant before and 45 days after NSPT. The levels of inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA. Results: The values of all clinical parameters decreased significantly after treatment. The concentration levels of all cytokines and MMP-3 and MMP-8 in the GCF sample were higher in patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis compared to the healthy group. All inflammatory mediators decreased after therapy, but did not reach control values; IL-6, Il-6sR, IL-10 and TNF-α, attained the highest reduction (70% -54%); the vales of MMP3, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 were reduced between 50% - 34%; and MMP-8 showed the lowest decrease (28%). Conclusion: All clinical parameters and cytokines levels decreased after NSPT. The mediators TNF-α IL-6, IL-6sR, and IL-10 showed the largest variation between before and after NSPT and could thus be used to evaluate therapy response.
KAOSUN ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PROFESYONEL FUTBOL KULÜPLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Açıkgöz Selçuk , Edin İbrahim
Published: March 2018

Kaos ve örgütsel değişim kavramları
arasındaki ilişki çoğu zaman tek bir sonuca karşılık gelmeyebilir. Kaos kavramı
sosyal yaşamda olumsuz anlamda kullanılsa da, hem sosyal bilimlerde hem de
pozitif bilimlerde olumsuz bir durumdan fazlasını, değişimi de ifade
etmektedir. Bu noktada, bu çalışmanın da amacı, kaosun Türkiye profesyonel
futbol kulüplerinde gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan değişimleri nasıl etkilediğini
ve uzun vadede doğurduğu sonuçları incelemektir. Bu amaç ile değişim
süreçlerinin iç dinamikleri de ortaya çıkarılarak, kaosun bu süreçleri nasıl
şekillendirdiği incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 4 farklı futbol liginde
görev alan 14 üst düzey kulüp yöneticisi ile derinlemesine görüşme
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Derinlemesine görüşmeler; yarı yapılandırılmış olarak
oluşturulmuş ve literatür ile futbol kulüplerinin genel durumundan beslenerek
oluşturulan sorularla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma deseni olarak
fenomenoloji yönteminin seçildiği çalışmada, toplanan veriler içerik analizi
yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, kaosun futbol kulüplerinin
statik yapılarından çıkmasını ve böylece örgütsel değişime uygun ortamın
oluşmasını sağladığını ancak buna rağmen, kulüp iç ve dış etkenlerinin bu
gerçekleşen değişimlerin faydalı olmasını engellediğini göstermektedir.
Bulgular, profesyonel kulüplerin aşırı esnek örgütsel yapılarının kaos veya düzensizlik
karşısında sistematik hareket edip düzeni sağlayacak mekanizmalara sahip
olmadığına işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, kulüplerin temel problemlerine
çözüm bulmadan gerçekleştirmeye çalıştıkları değişimler uzun vadede daha büyük
sorunları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ayrıca, araştırmaya katılan kulüp
yöneticilerinin kişisel sebepleri değişimlerde örgütsel hedeflerden daha önemli
bir rol oynamıştır.
¿Por qué traducir nuevamente la Metafísica?
Authors: Berti Enrico , Cárdenas Mejía Luz Gloria
Published: March 2018

Esta traducción al español corresponde a la intervención oral del Profesor Enrico Berti en el Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici el 13 junio de 2017. Berti es profesor emérito de la Universidad de Padua, con ocasión de la publicación de su traducción de la Metafísica de Aristóteles en el 2017, en el encuentro de estudio La metafísica de Aristóteles, en el Instituto de Estudios Filosóficos de Nápoles. Considero que al hacerlo se contribuye a la divulgación de esta nueva traducción entre la comunidad hispanohablante.
El deseo de razón y la alteridad constitutiva Apuntes sobre el ser humano en la Ética de Spinoza
Authors: Escalante Raúl de Pablos
Published: March 2018

En este trabajo centrado en la Ética se resaltará la dimensión de alteridad de la esencia del ser humano y, por lo tanto, en el caso de Spinoza, de la noción de deseo. A partir de esta alteridad constitutiva, el modo dicotómico de pensar lo social y lo individual es reconsiderado mediante un deseo que, sin dejar de ser singular, es y persevera en relación con los demás. Con el fin de no reducir la noción de deseo a una de sus expresiones, se distinguirá entre las diversas formas del deseo, en particular el anhelo (desiderium), y el deseo-cupiditas. Asimismo se perfilará la noción de un deseo de razón en contraste con las figuras de la impotencia. Las vías abiertas conducen a la valoración de un pensador que nos legó una noción de deseo que implica simultáneamente afirmación y codependencia, insertándolo en debates éticos, políticos y psicológicos actuales.
Spinoza: homo homini Deus
Authors: Villaverde Rico María José
Published: March 2018

A lo largo de estas páginas abordaré: a) qué significa para Spinoza entender o conocer el “verdadero bien”; b) las condiciones internas necesarias para alcanzar dicha comprensión y c) el método que hay que seguir. Después me centraré en analizar las condiciones externas para lograrlo, que se subdividen en dos: a) la necesidad de que lo alcance el mayor número de personas (de ahí el título de este artículo) y b) la existencia de determinadas condiciones políticas y religiosas que detallaré.
The Limits of Operational Representations
Authors: Vermeersch Peter , Van Baar Huub
Published: March 2018

Since 2011, the EU has called upon its member states to step up their efforts to improve the socioeconomic conditions facing many Roma. It has also sought to secure the ethnic representation of the Roma in these efforts. By doing so, the EU has tried to strike a balance between redistribution and recognition: it has recognized the ethnic specificity of this group, but it has also framed the issue as one that requires a socioeconomic solution. Using insights from frame analysis, visual theory and governmentality studies, we argue that the EU’s balancing act between recognition and redistribution has its limits. Current redistribution policies may be open to forms of group representation, but the deeper operational representations which underpin that openness still conceptualize the Roma in restricted ways. These operational representations determine how the Roma become publicly ‘visible’ and ‘governable’. In this article, we speculate about a possible trajectory out of this impasse and argue in favor of a repertoire of representation that allows for more fluid and contestable images of the Roma.
Soul work and giving back. Ethnic Support Groups and the Hidden Costs of Social Mobility
Authors: Durst Judit , Nyírő Zsanna
Published: March 2018

For a long time, social and public policies have presented upward social mobility as an unambiguously progressive process. However, there is a relatively new line of academic research that concerns the dilemmas, or ‘hidden costs’, of upward mobility. Still, apart from a few inspiring exceptions, there is a lack of empirical studies, especially in Hungary, that explore the personal experiences of the impact of moving class through educational mobility. Academic literature about stigmatised, disadvantaged minorities such as Afro-Americans and Mexicans in the U.S or the Roma in Europe suggests that the professional middle class of these groups – those who have demonstrated an exceptional range of intergenerational mobility – have adopted a distinctive upward mobility strategy to overcome the challenges that are unique to them. These challenges emerge from the difficulties of maintaining intra-class relations with poorer ‘co-ethnics’ (people from the communities they were brought up in), but also managing interethnic relations with the ‘white’ (non-Black in the U.S, non-Roma in East-Central Europe) majority. As part of this minority culture of mobility, the Roma, as with other stigmatised minority groups, create and join ethnic professional organisations to enable them to culturally navigate both worlds. Throughout this paper, we focus our attention on influential ethnic support groups or organisations and address the question what effect they have on the costs of upward mobility in the case of our Roma professional middle-class sample.
Cohort Structures of High Mountain Forests in Northeast Turkey: Case Study of Kavron Valley
Authors: Yücesan Zafer , Üçler Ali Ömer , Oktan Ercan
Published: March 2018

Aim
of the study: In this study, cohort structures of the high
mountain forests in northeast Turkey were investigated.Material
and Methods: Eighteen plots were selected in six sampling units.
Treeline, timberline and sub-timberline stands were sampled in each unit. Main
results:
Structures varied from single-cohort to multi-cohort stands in the research
area. The incidence of multiple cohort structures increased towards the
timberline and treeline from the sub-timberline. Tree ages ranged from 10 to
150 years in the treeline, 15 to 270 years in the timberline and 13 to 105
years in the sub-timberline. 8 sampled stands were pure and 10 stands were
mixed stands. Mixed stands were composed by Sorbus
aucuparia, Populus tremula, Fagus orientalis, Picea orientalis and Abies
nordmanniana in the treeline.  Picea orientalis, Fagus orientalis and Abies
nordmanniana were tree species in mixed stands in the timberline and
sub-timberline. However, Picea orientalis
was dominant in all zones. Numbers of trees in the tree collectives ranged from
2 to 17 in the treeline, 3 to 9 in the timberline and 2 to 3 in the sub-timberline
stands. Mean areas per tree in the collectives were 1.77 m2 in the
treeline, 2.56 m2 in the timberline and 2.51 m2 in the
sub-timberline. Numbers of tree collectives ranged from 6 to 7 in the treeline,
2 to 5 in the timberline and 2 to 3 in the sub-timberline stands.

Research
highlights: Multi-cohort structures and tree collectives are key
factors in silvicultural applications in high mountain forests. Silvicultural
treatment such as single-tree selection method, patch and group selection
method can be provided because of being suitable for multi-cohort structure.
Evaluation of financial performance of paper companies traded at BIST with TOPSIS method
Authors: ÜÇÜNCÜ Tutku , AKYÜZ Kadri Cemil , AKYÜZ İlker , BAYRAM Bahadır Çağrı , ERSEN Nadir
Published: March 2018

Aim of study: It was aimed to rank financial performance of companies in the paper industry
traded at BIST.

Material and methods: The financial performances of seven
companies in the paper industry which are traded
on the Borsa İstanbul (BIST) were determined
by using financial data in 2016. For this purpose, ten financial ratios were obtained
from the financial data of companies, each of which had its own superiority. The data
were conducted by the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution) method which is the "Multi Criteria Decision Making"
(MCDM) method to interpret.

Main results: The results indicated that the companies were ranked
follows; ALKA, KARTN, VKING, BAKAB, TIRE, OLMIP and KAPLM based on the
financial performance scores.

Research highlights: In Turkey, production in paper industry meets nearly half of the consumption and paper demand are met by imports.
The high prices of energy and initial investment costs encourage imports of
paper products and they prevent new
investments. From this perspective, growth, development and high performance of
paper companies will keep this industry alive.
Comparison of some anatomical, chemical and fibrous characteristics of Turkish Pine (Pinus Brutia Ten.) sampled from different regions
Authors: ABUAMOUD Mabrouka Mohamed Muftah , ATEŞ Saim , DURMAZ Ekrem
Published: March 2018

Aim of
study: In
this study, it was aimed to research the anatomical properties, chemical composition
of the cell wall and fiber characteristics of Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood sampled from
five different zone of Kastamonu province in Turkey.   Area of
study: This
study was performed at the laboratories of Department of Forest Industry
Engineering and Department of Biology, Kastamonu University. Material
and Methods: Turkish Pine (Pinus
brutia Ten.) wood samples obtained from five different zone of Kastamonu
(Hanönü, Bozkurt, Araç, İnebolu and Tosya) were used as experimental materials.
Anatomical properties (ray number, tracheid widths, widths of early and late
wood zones), wood chemical components (ethanol extraction (%), lignin (%), holocellulose
(%), alpha cellulose (%), 1% NaOH solubility (%), cold water solubility (%),
hot water solubility (%) and ash specification (%)) and fibrous characteristics
of wood fibers (fiber length, fiber width, lumen width and cell wall thickness)
were measured according to standard methods.Main
results: This
study indicated that the samples obtained from Tosya have maximum fibre length
with 3.15 mm and maximum lumen width
with 27.75 mm, whereas maximum
fibre width was found in samples obtained from İnebolu with 42.27 mm and maximum cell wall
thickness was seen in samples of İnebolu with 7.90 mm. As a consequence of chemical analyses, it was confirmed
that holocellulose ratio, alpha-cellulose ratio, lignin ratio, 1% NaOH
solubility, ethanol solubility, hot water solubility, cold water solubility and
ash ratio changed within the range of 70.37%-72.38%, 42.62%-47.30%, 26.04%-27.86%,
12.38%-13.14%, 2.38%-3.41%, 2.86%-3.83%, 2.29%-3.27% and 0.26%-0.40%,
respectively. When it was looked to the results of anatomical research, it was
determined that the samples taken from Hanönü had maximum average ray numbers with
7. Likewise, maximum tracheid widths were found samples in İnebolu and Bozkurt with
1.31 µm. Besides, maximum earlywood width was confirmed samples taken from
Bozkurt with 0.47 mm, whereas maximum latewood width was confirmed samples
taken from Hanönü with 1.31 mm.

Research
highlights: It is inferred that the same tree species taken from
different areas have varied anatomical, chemical and fibre properties measured
by means of this study. Because of this, it can be stated that growth location
properties and growth media affect the characteristics of same type trees.
Investigation of factors influencing on wood adhesion capability
Authors: YÖRÜR Hüseyin
Published: March 2018

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmada, uludağ göknarı (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.), kestane (Castanea sativa Mill.) ve kavak (Populus tremula L.) odunlarında yapışma kabiliyetine etki eden faktörler araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Odunun farklı ıslanabilirlik özelliğe sahip olması, yapışma sürecini zorlaştıran önemli bir problemdir. Mobilya endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan PVAc-D3 ve PU-D4 yapıştırıcılarının ıslatma özellikleri temas açısı ölçümü ile değerlendirilmiştir. Lamine edilmiş kaplamalar, 2 saat süreyle -20 °C ve 60 °C sıcaklıklarda su ve su buharında bekletme işlemlerine tabii tutulmuş ve örneklerin yapışma mukavemetleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapıştırıcıların ağaç malzemeyi ıslatabilme kabiliyeti temas açısı ölçüm analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Islanabilirliğin belirlenmesi için yapışma hattı, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını analizi (EDX) ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Tüm işlemler için kestane odunun yapışma direncinin kavak ve göknar odununa göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak sonuçlar, uygulanan işlemlerin her iki yapıştırıcı tipi için yapışma direncinde bir azalmaya neden olduğunu gösterdi. En düşük yapışma direnci, suda bekletilen örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Yüzey ıslanabilirlik ölçümlerinin, yapışma katmanın oluşması hakkında bilgi verici olduğu görülmüştür. EDX analizine göre, yapıştırıcıdan oduna geçişte karbon ve oksijen azalması gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma vurguları: Yapışma kabiliyeti doğrudan odunun yoğunluğu ve çeşitli uygulama faktörleri ile ilgili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kullanılan farklı odun türleri ve yapıştırıcılar ıslanabilme özelliğini etkile
Salty sample derivatization protocol for GC-MS v1
Authors: Sogin Emilia , Pukus Erik , Dubilier Nicole , Liebeke Manuel
Published: March 2018

Metabolomic footprinting, or exometabolomics, seeks to describe the complex chemical space surrounding cells. However, metabolite detection is hampered by negative matrix effects, especially when samples originate from high salt-content environments. We propose a sample preparation method for the untargeted exometabolomic analysis of seawater by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. By investigating the independent effects of salt and water on metabolite ionization, we demonstrate residual water locked within salt crystals inhibits compound detection. Our novel preparation protocol includes a combination of solvent drying and ultra-sonication to facilitate the removal of water molecules form the salt palette and extraction of small molecules into the derivatization reagents. We can now detect a broad range of sugars, sterols and amino and organic acids from as little as 0.5 mL of seawater in the µM range. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we monitored the exo-metabolome of Marinobacter adhaerens, a common marine bacterium during its exponential growth phase. With our untargeted method, we show M. adhaerens preferentially metabolizes glutamic acid and proline before valine, isoleucine and leucine. Our novel untargeted footprinting approach advances the capacity to detect small compounds from high salt content samples by filling a gap in analytical chemistry for the GC-MS analysis of marine samples.
P1 Kidney Cold-Active Protease Single Cell Dissociation v1
Authors: Potter Andrew , Potter Steve
Published: March 2018

Method used to derive single cell suspension from P1 mouse kidneys on ice, generating a cell suspension with greatly reduced artifact gene expresion changes and suitable for downstream analysis using 10x Chromiumor DropSeq.
Öğrencilerin Öğrenim Gördükleri Üniversiteye Ait Olma Gereksinimlerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlerle İncelenmesi
Authors: KARAMAN Ömer , ÇIRAK Yüksel
Published: March 2018

Yükseköğretimin örgün eğitim

beklentilerini karşılamada, üniversite-öğrenci uyumu önemli rol oynar.

Öğrencinin üniversiteye uyumu doğrudan etkileyen faktörlerden birisi de ait

olma durumudur. Öğrencinin ait olma gereksinimini karşılamaya çalıştığını fakat

karşılık bulamadığında, alternatif aramaya ve antisosyal yöntemlere başvurmaya

başladığı, ileri sürülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda öfkeli ve herkese meydan okuyan bir

asi, kötü niyetli bir zorba, hatta umutsuz bir uykucu olma durumların

yaşadıkları, bildirilmiştir. Araştırmada, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş

olan Ait Olma Ölçeği ile öğrencilerin öğrenim gördükleri üniversiteye ait olma

durumları ile çeşitli değişkenler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada Ordu

Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 1265 öğrenciye uygulanan Üniversiteye Ait Olma

Ölçeği ile farklı değişkenler açısından değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Uygulama

yapılan öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler ortalama, standart sapma, frekans ve

yüzde olarak verilmiş, üniversiteye ait olma değerleri ile gruplar arasındaki

farkların belirlenmesi amacıyla bağımsız örneklerde t-testi ve tek yönlü

varyans analizi (One-Way ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Üniversite

öğrencilerinin Üniversiteye Ait Olma Ölçeği değerleri ile cinsiyet, ekonomik

durum, okul türü, sınıf düzeyi, yerleşim yeri, mezun olunan ortaöğretim türü ve

üniversiteyi kazanma yılı değişkenleri arasında gerek genel ölçek değerleri

gerek beklenti, motivasyon ve özdeşim alt boyutları arasında çeşitli ilişkiler

saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, öğrencilerin ait olma gereksinimlerini gidermeye

yönelik, üniversite yönetimlerine oluşturabilecekleri politikalar ile ilgili

öneriler sunulmuş, benzer çalışmaların devamlılığı vurgulanmıştır.
A prospective observational study to evaluate potential drug-drug interactions in patients admitted in intensive care unit, at BRIMS tertiary care hospital in Bidar, India
Authors: Singh Shailander , K. Swetha
Published: March 2018

Background: Drug interaction occurs when presence of one drug affects the activity of another when, both are co-administered. 6-30% of adverse events (AEs) with significant hospitalizations or death are by drug-drug interactions(DDI). There is increased possibility to prevent the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs), if their prevalence and pattern are determined accurately before their occurrence. Hence this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pDDIs in ICU patients at BRIMS tertiary care hospital, Bidar.Methods: This prospective observational study included 30 patients admitted in ICU of BRIMS hospital for >24hrs of either gender, aged >18yrs. The study was conducted for a period of 3 months. Data was collected from the case records of patients on the predesigned proforma. Potential drug-drug interactions were classified based on their severity and the risk of Potential drug-drug interactions was estimated by Lexicomp, inc.version; 3.0.1.drug interact android mobile application.Results: Out of 35 patients admitted in the ICU, 30 cases were included in the study. The mean age of study population was 56.3years. The study population was exposed to a total of 330 medicines during the hospital stay with an average of 11.7 drugs per patient. The prevalence of pDDI was 93.3% (28) with an average of 9.75 pDDI per patient. According to Lexicomp drug interact android mobile application majority (63%) of pDDI were found to be moderate in their severity, 67% belonged to type C risk.Conclusions: The study showed higher prevalence of pDDI among ICU patients due to the complexity of the pharmacotherapies administered.
Traffic accidents and medicine use in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Sharif Suleiman I. , Al Sharawy Manal , Makrem Dalia , Qasim Esraa , Shemi Dania
Published: March 2018

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of drivers of the cautious driving while taken prescription and OTC drugs.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire was developed, pre-validated and distributed to 150 drivers who showed willingness to participate in the study. The survey included questions on driving habits, number of accidents, and number of accidents due to sleep or medication use.Results: All drivers approached answered the questionnaire producing a 100% response rate with male: female ration being 1.2: 1. Slightly more than half (78, 52 and 80, 53.3%) the responders were within 17-28 years of age and with a university degree respectively. More than 50% of respondents follow driving regulations and more than two thirds (112, 74.4%) use seat built again the majority (133, 88.7%) never had traffic accidents. Use of medications as a cause of accidents was reported by only 4 (2.7%) drivers.Conclusions: Regardless of the low incidence of medication use related accidents, authorities are advised to develop new regulations with respect to driving under the influence of medications or when suffering diseases that affect driving ability.
Medical student’s perception on teaching-learning methods of pharmacology in a medical college
Authors: Sravanthi Mukku Lakshmi , Alla Jagadeesh , Rachamanti Ramya
Published: March 2018

Background: To know the Medical student’s perception on teaching and learning methods of pharmacology in a medical college attached to tertiary care hospital.Methods: This is a questionnaire based study conducted in a medical college. A pre-validated, pre-designed questionnaire containing 22 points was given to 5th semester students to know their perception on teaching and learning methods.Results: Analysis was done on 150 medical students of a tertiary care hospital. Among them, 80 % wanted the faculty members to make more utilization of Audio-Visual aids for effective learning. 78.67 % students wanted to include case based learning in the curriculum and 86.67% wanted more of the clinical pharmacology to be introduced. A 28% wanted MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) to be included in the assessment of academic performance. A 13.33% felt that the ideal teaching method for learning pharmacology was didactic lectures. A 65% thought ideal teaching/learning media for pharmacology was the combination of LCD (Liquid Crystal display) projector and blackboard.Conclusions: The study revealed the ideal teaching and learning methods in pharmacology for the betterment of students.
Effect of Lutein in the expression of PPARα and LDLR in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar Rats
Authors: K. Soundarya Priyadharsini , P. Nirmala , P. Ashok Kumar , T. Krishna Prasad
Published: March 2018

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) is the primary pathway for removal of cholesterol from the circulation, and its activity is meticulously governed by intracellular cholesterol levels. Hence in this study we investigated the effect of Lutein on PPARα and LDLR expression in liver of wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 each. Group I served as control. Group II III, IV, V and VI rats were received high cholesterol diet. Group III was treated with Atorvastatin 5mg/kg. Group IV, V and VI rats were treated with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of Lutein. After 16 weeks, liver tissue samples were collected from all the groups of animals to evaluate the expression of PPARα and LDLR.Results: The expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) was significantly increased in Lutein treated hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Lutein activates LDL receptor and PPARα in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.
Evaluation and comparison of nephroprotective effect of Hemidesmus indicus Linn. and Withania somnifera Linn. on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Albino rats
Authors: Padhye Mugdha Rajeeva , Devrao Jogdand Sangita , Bhattacharjee Jagruti
Published: March 2018

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a known deleterious effect of Aminoglycoside antibiotics. This class of antibiotics is used very frequently. It is well known that Gentamicin causes renal tubular necrosis in the proximal tubular cells. Phytochemicals are being studied extensively and have proved to be of benefit in various diseases. The use of phytochemicals would minimize the adverse effects encountered with these antibiotics. Comparison between various phytochemicals would help in optimizing dosage and duration of treatment. In the present study we studied and compared the nephroprotective effect of Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. on Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats weighing 180-250Gms were utilized for the present study. The root extract of these Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. was administered orally to rats for 10 days concurrently with Gentamicin. Nephrotoxicty was assessed following a single dose injection of Gentamicin. Nephroprotective effect was assessed after 10 days of administering Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. Renal function was assessed using Blood Urea, Serum Creatinie, SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) as parameters.Results: Statistically significant improvement in renal function (p <0.05) was seen after administration of Hemidesmus Indicus and Withania Somnifera in Gentamicin treated rats. There was significant reduction in blood urea, serum creatinine and MDA levels with an increase in SOD levels.Conclusions: Withania Somnifera and Hemidesmus Indicus had nephroprotective effect. However, Withania Somnifera was found to be more nphroprotective than Hemidesmus Indicus.
Effectiveness of a module to promote competency in adverse drug reaction reporting in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Sharma Nazuk , Sharma Taruna , Bala Suman
Published: March 2018

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) under-reporting is a hindrance to the implementation of Pharmacovigilance Program of India. This is essentially due to lack of ADR reporting culture among healthcare professionals. Thus, study was conducted to assess and enhance awareness about ADRs and strengthen reporting among medical undergraduates.Methods: This is an interventional crossover study. A total of 140 students of 2nd professional, MBBS were included and divided into two groups of 70 each. In phase 1, group A was given a didactic lecture (DL) on ADR and pharmacovigilance. Group B was also given DL with an addition of a case narrative exercise and they were asked to fill an ADR form. Both groups were assessed based on an MCQ questionnaire for knowledge and skill. After 15 days of washout period, groups were crossed and reassessed. Feedback from students was taken on a 5 point Likert’s scale.Results: The mean scores of batch A without case was 17.5±3 out of a total score of 25 marks, which showed improvement with case narrative and mean increased to 19.6± 2.4 (p 0.05). Similarly, Batch B showed improvement as well and the mean 17.7±3.1 score without case narrative increased to 19.2±2.7 (p <0.05). Student’s perception of the effectiveness of module-based teaching was positive.Conclusions: Case narrative in addition to didactic lecture enhanced awareness and may strengthen ADR reporting culture among the medical students.
A questionnaire-based study on knowledge and attitude towards counterfeit medication among the doctors in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Budania Navin , Mondal Arka , Kumar Naveen , Kumar Ritesh , Kumar Bhardwaj Vinod , Kumar Chhockra Vijay , Garg Nadish , Punia Aditi , Sharma Priyamvada
Published: March 2018

Background: Counterfeit drugs are a global problem and suffered almost all developing and developed countries worldwide. In India, it is a major problem which results life threatening issues as well as financial loss on health system. So, we conducted a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on knowledge and exposure to counterfeit drugs of doctors at SHKM Govt. Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 100 registered doctors. The questionnaire was based on knowledge, attitude and its consequence on the heath system by the practices of counterfeit medication.Results: There were Twenty questionnaires excluded from the study due to incomplete information. Only 57.77% (46/80) subjects having the knowledge of questionnaire correct meaning of counterfeit drug. However, almost 90% (72/80) subjects were aware about its dangerous effects. More than 50% of the subjects have suggested that modern technology is capable to control counterfeiting of the medicine.Conclusions: Counterfeit drugs create a people health hazard and waste to consumer income. The proper knowledge, awareness and modern technological approaches are the devices may helpful in diminution of counterfeit medication practices.
Atrial fibrillation: a rare but probable adverse effect of sildenafil
Authors: Ruhela Manish , Bagarhatta Rajeev
Published: March 2018

Knowledge of the cardiovascular effects of sildenafil is important for a number of reasons. The main risk factors for the erectile dysfunction (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking) are the same as those for coronary artery disease. The reported cardiovascular side effects of sildenafil in normal healthy population are minor and mainly associated with vasodialation (i.e. headache, flushing and small decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Authors report the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after the use of sildenafil in a normal healthy individual. To the best of our knowledge, there are only few case reports in the literature showing occurrence of atrial fibrillation with use of sildenafil.
Secondary hypospadias repair using Buccal mucosa graft: case series of 50 patients
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Mishra Mayank
Published: March 2018

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the various complications noticed following primary hypospadias repair and to evaluate the impact of preoperative, perioperative and postoperative study of primary hypospadias repair on patients’ quality of life, independence, and complication rates. Objective of this study was to assess the success of buccal mucosa graft in secondary hypospadias repair and study the incidence and severity of complications both to the donor and recipient sites.Methods: A total of 50 patients with previous failed hypospadias repair were included in the study who were admitted in plastic surgery unit from August 2013 to December 2016. The age of patients studied ranged from 8 to 16 years, in which about 60% cases that were presented with previous hypospadias repair were in age group 11-14 years. Patients in this study had undergone multiple previous surgeries for hypospadias repair. Ten patients had 1-2 surgeries and 40 patients had undergone 3 or more procedures for hypospadias repair.Results: In study of 50 patients only 12 had complications following buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty.Conclusions: Overall it showed that buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty had better results in hypospadias cripples.
Vacuum assisted wound healing: can it prove to be cost- effective?
Authors: Samant Saurabhi M. , Sarang Bhakti
Published: March 2018

Background: In search for a faster and effective method Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) also known as Vacuum assisted wound closure (VAC) has emerged to be a promising technology over the years. This study was carried out to determine the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy compared to conventional wound therapy.Methods: A prospective randomised study using VAC was performed on cases with chronic non healing wounds using a low cost negative pressure therapy unit. The negative pressure used in the vacuum assisted closure of the wounds was provided by the wall mounted centralised suction apparatus which provided a constant average pressure of 125 mm of Hg (range being 110-200 mm Hg).Results: The rate of wound healing which was exhibited by reduction in size of the wound by more than 1 cm at the end of the first 5 days was higher in the cases (82%) as compared to the control (18%) group. By end of 15 days size reduction of >3 cm was seen almost 85% of the patients treated with NPWT. The total cost incurred in the first group undergoing VAC for a period of 15 days per patient was Rs.750 ($11.16) as against the second group undergoing conventional wound dressing which was Rs.700 ($10.41) for the same period per patient. The cost- benefit analysis of the two groups statistically revealed a p value of <0.05 under 95% confidence limits, thus proving vacuum assisted closure, though slightly expensive than the conventional dressing, to be a better and cost effective modality, taking into consideration the faster wound healing rates.Conclusions: In this study NPWT appeared to exhibit better wound healing and is thus a promising alternative to the conventional management and has a potential to be replicable across many hospitals with financial constraints in the low and middle income countries.
Prospective analysis of the management of small bowel obstruction using oral contrast agent at tertiary care hospital in western Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Prasad Rajendra , Jakhar Diwan Singh , Jajra Dharmveer , Chhabra Sanjeev Kumar , Rai Ashish
Published: March 2018

Background: Intestinal obstruction is a frequently seen entity in the Emergency Department that represents 25% of abdominal pain consultations.Methods: This prospective, randomized, and clinical trial study was designed to determine the value of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction. The primary end points were the evaluation of the operative rate reduction and shortening the hospital stay after the use of gastrografin. A total of 100 patients were randomized into two groups: the control group received conventional treatment, whereas the study group received in addition of 100 ml gastrografin meal. Patients were followed up within 4 days after admission, and clinical and radiological (if needed) improvements were evaluated.Results: Surgical procedure was performed in 10% of the gastrografin group for whom conservative treatment failed at the end of fourth day. In contrast, surgery was required in 28% of control group. These findings shows that gastrografin decreased the need for surgical management by 18%, but no statistically significant differences were observed. The length of hospital stay revealed a significant reduction from 4.60±1.14 days to 2.64±1.05 days for control and gastrografin groups, respectively.Conclusions: The use of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction is safe and reduces the length of hospital stay.
Comparative evaluation of fissurectomy versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure
Authors: Bansal A. R. , Yadav Pradeep , Jena Suvendu , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: March 2018

Background: Anal fissure is a common anorectal condition that affecting all age groups, but it is seen in young and healthy adults with equal incidence across both the sexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate and prospectively compare fissurectomy versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in terms of symptomatic relief, healing, recurrence and incontinence, if any.Methods: 50 patients with chronic anal fissure were alternately divided in two groups. In one group fissurectomy was done and in another group, patients underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy and comparative evaluation was done.Results: Complete healing was observed in 92% patients in fissurectomy group and 96% patients in lateral internal sphincterotomy group at the end of 6 weeks. Fissurectomy group patients reported early cut through of sutures and infection whereas in lateral internal sphincterotomy group two patients developed perianal hematoma at 3 months of follow up.Conclusions: While considering surgical management for treating chronic anal fissure, fissurectomy is comparable to lateral internal sphincterotomy in terms of symptomatic pain relief, healing rates with minimal side effects and low recurrence.