bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAMIlY-CENTRED HEAlTH CARE IN A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAl FOR CHIlDREN WITH SUICIDAl BEHAVIOR PHENOMENON
Authors: Bebchuk M A
Published: April 2019

The study aims at identifying the organizational and methodological aspects of family-centered care in a psychiatric hospital for children with suicidal behavior. The objectives of the study were to assess the readiness of the parents/legal representatives to participate in correctional and rehabilitation activities in the period of hospitalization of the child, identify the key needs of the family, to formulate practical recommendations on organizational and methodological issues of family-centered care for children with suicidal behavior. The study involved all the girls (57), hospitalized in January-October 2014 about suicidal symptoms in the only psychiatric children hospital in Moscow, and 98 of their parents/legal representatives. There were used anamnestic (including the study of family history a suicide), analysis if diseases histories, clinical and psychopathological methods, system analysis of the level of family functioning and parental questionnaire during the child's hospitalization. 98 % of the parents are willing to be involved in medical activities in a varying degree. Main needs of majority of families are as follows: "Information about the state of the child, especially the development, diagnosis and prospects" (98 %) and "Training in new forms of behavior and education, which can be used at home after discharge" (92 %). Methodological basis and recommendations on the formation of organizational conditions of family-centered medical care for children with suicidal behavior were obtained and stages of family therapy were described. Readiness and needs of the family to participate in correctional and rehabilitation activities in children suggests the need to include families into prevention and treatment of suicidal behavior in children. Implementation of the concept of family-centered health care for a child with suicidal behavior suggests revising the rules adopted in the practice of child psychiatrists, psychotherapists and medical aid organization as a whole. Using not only the rehabilitation potential of the child but also his micro-social environment (the family) creates conditions for qualitative changes in the prevention, treatment and social adaptation of children with suicidal symptoms.
NUMERICAl ANAlYSIS OF STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY OF THE BIOMECHANICAl SYSTEM «BONE-APPARATUS»
Authors: Matveev R P , Labudin B V , Morozov V S , Orlov A O
Published: April 2019

Influence of various factors (conditions) on strength and stiffness of the biomechanical system of "machine-bone" was studied using application of extrafocal rod osteosynthesis in cases of long bone fractures. The problem solution of stability of the concerned biomechanical system in which the interaction of "bone-apparatus" is presented in the form of an elastic system consisting of two absolutely rigid links (broken bone), interconnected by elastically deformable elements (unit with titanium rods) having one (the flexural) degree of freedom is shown. Factors influencing the strength characteristics of the web have been identified on the basis of the equation obtained in the course of solving the stability problem. The modeling relationship of the strength characteristics of the rod from its own weight of a person (the load), the rod length and angle of introduction pegs to the longitudinal axis of the bone in the form of full factorial experiment allowed to analyze the significance of their impact. Numerical analysis of the dependence P = f (0, C, l) has shown that the greatest impact on output parameter P (load) has a C (coefficient of rigidity). The significance of impact of this factor exceeds the value of the impact of Θ and l about 6 and 2.6 times respectively. The results are based on previously completed scientific and theoretical research system of "bone-apparatus" strength and stability and laboratory and practical results.
Определение частотных характеристик пожара класса В при его тушении распыленной водой
Authors: Абрамов Юрий , Тищенко Евгений
Published: April 2019

Разработан алгоритм экспериментального определения частотных характеристик пожара класса В при его тушении распыленной водой.
Archaisms and their discovery in archetypal symbolism
Authors: Yatsenko Т. , Amurova Ya.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the problem of archaisms, their energy influence on the human behavior in the integration unity with the ontological aspects of human development. The paper integrates the latest ideas of «non-classical psychology» (L. Vygotsky, A. Asmolov, D. El’konin, etc.), which determines the dynamics of the psychology development from statics to the psychodynamic approach to the study of the human psyche.
The archaic heritage, as argued here, can not be studied independently from the personalized-individual human psyche. The article emphasizes the energу «doubling» (amplification and direction) of the psyche’s motivational potential due to its phylogenetic nature. The greatest achievement of the archaic heritage of mankind is the archetype as an instinct, which provides the ability to transcode the ideal psychic reality into the materialized and objectified one with the preservation of information equivalents. Therefore, it is impossible to perceive archaisms beyond the archetypal symbolism. The above mentioned explains the archaic origins of the successful use of the artistic works reproductions in the deep perception of the psyche.
The article focuses on the archaism of guilt, which derives from the Oedipal complex and is also of an archaic origin. The category of guilt and the feeling of guilt respectively correlate with the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche. The effectiveness of «Super-Ego» is revealed in the guilt emergence.
The article is completed within the psychodynamic paradigm and is based on the empirical material of the deep knowledge of the subject's psyche.
Codependence in wives of husbands with alcohol dependence
Authors: Markova M. , Yariy V.
Published: April 2019

The work based on a complex study of 160 men with alcohol dependence (AD), and their wives, and 50 spouses, with husbands who did not have alcohol problems.

In wives of men with AD, established the presence of maladaptive states of varying severity and clinical content, unlike the wives of "narcological healthy" men.

Three clinical variants of maladjustment were identified: psycho-emotional (25,6%), behavioral (30,6%) and combined (43,8%) (p≤0,01). The psycho-emotional maladjustment characterized by the presence of depressive and/or anxious symptoms with high stress overload and low capacity for stress resistance, and with amplitude of expression from mosaic signs to distinct psychopathological states. For behavioral maladjustment was inherent desire for addictive implementation at the level of dangerous use or dependent state with wide range of addictive non-chemical objects, especially food, tea/coffee, shopping and work, and smoking. Combined maladjustment represented a combination of both phenomena, with varying degrees of severity.

Three types of codependency in wives of patients with AD determined: congruently asymmetric type (17,5% of the wives of men with socio-environmental type AD and 11,3% women of men with individual-genetic type AD), interconnected type (22,5% and 5,0% of women, respectively) and compensation type (60,0% and 83,38% of women, respectively) (p≤0,01). Each type of codependency has the largest representation of combined maladjustment (43,8%).

Proved differentiated approaches, developed and evaluated effectiveness of complex of rehabilitation measures for the wives of husbands with AD. Participation in developed rehabilitation activities allowed women to eliminate such psychopathological phenomena as anxious-depressive reaction (p≤0,01), to achieve normalization or substantial improvement of emotional state (p≤0,01), reduce addictive status pressure (p≤0,01 ). In addition, there was a positive reconstruction of personal and family space of women that allowed to decided their intrapersonal conflicts and greatly improved quality of life.
The principle of publicity and subjects of its implementation in criminal proceedings
Authors: Govorun D.
Published: April 2019

The essence of the principle of publicity in criminal proceedings, explains its normative content and importance for the criminal procedure relations, formulated the concept of the principle of publicity in criminal proceedings. Selected characteristics of publicity, the main stages of the implementation of the principle of publicity associated with the adoption of a fundamental procedural decision in criminal proceedings, based on the analysis of current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine isolated and characterized the subjects of the implementation of the principle of publicity. Focuses on the mechanism of implementing the principle of publicity, the place, role and importance of investigator, Prosecutor, investigative judge and the court in criminal proceedings in the implementation of this principle, identified the gaps in legislation that affect its implementation in criminal proceedings.
Occurrence of Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810 (Paralepididae) in Büyükeceli Coast (Mersin Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean)
Authors: AYAS Deniz , ÇİFTÇİ Nuray , DOĞANGÜN Mustafa , BAKAN Mısra
Published: April 2019

In November 2018, an individual belonging to
the Sudis hyalina was caught in a
trawling operation in the Büyükeceli Coast (Mersin Bay, NE Mediterranean).
Morphological and meristic measurements of the specimen were made and recorded
with the catalogue number of MEUFC-18-11-102 in the Museum of the Systematic,
Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University.
SISTEM PIDANA DAN PEMIDANAAN DI DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Alin Failin
Published: April 2019

Renewal of criminal law in the context of improving the punishment system is still continuing. Of the many things to be updated, one important thing in the penal system is also crucial provided in the reform of Indonesian criminal law is the structural punishment system. This is something that should be included in the concept of reform of criminal law. Barda Nawawi termed as an integral policy in the handling crime to mention the importance of structural punishment system, which also means integral policy in the punishment system. The problems that arise are how the criminal system and punishment in the current Penal Code and  the Criminal System and Penalties in the New Criminal Code Concept as Part of the Renewal of Indonesian Penal Law. While the research method The type of research conducted is legal juridical Normative research that is about what the concept of punishment system in the renewal of criminal law in Indonesia that is by collecting data normatively and what is in the Act related to criminal law. In this paper we discussed it can be simply described, so far in the criminal system in Indonesia the focus of criminal offense and criminal responsibility is on the direct individuals involved in the criminal process. Where  is often the involvement of other parties besides the individual concerned who can also be held accountable as the impact of the occurrence of a crime. A concrete example, if a child commits a criminal offense, his / her "criminal" is not only granted to the child, but to his / her parents even if the criminal sanction is for example a fine of fines. This is because using the logic that the child is still the responsibility of parents, so that parents are also responsible for the actions of his son.
USAHA-USAHA MEMASYARAKATKAN HUKUM DI DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: ZAMAN ARPAN
Published: April 2019

This research was discussed about the way to socialize law in the society such as law education and how to maintain the law in the right place such as law education, law knowledge, society understanding about law, law structure, law culture and law substance. Besides, this research aims at knowing about the obstruction in socializing. This research was a library research by describing the problems with the relevant theories. The result of this research shows that in socializing the law in the society, it needs a lot of things to be done such as, willingness, education, supports from the environment, custom and culture, and awareness to obey toward the law in the society sincerely without any force. Furthermore, counseling, socialization and seminar are the way to make it easy in socializing the law in the society. Whereas, the obstruction in socializing the law are dominated by the level of education and knowledge had by the society, custom and culture in that place that is grew and developed, law structure, apparatus and law substance.
PELAKSANAAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VI (PERSERO) UNIT USAHA DANAU KEMBAR
Authors: Risa Yulia
Published: April 2019

As the act number 40, 2007, about limited Company which have been released as a subtitution of the Act Number 1, 1995, there are many criticals and resistance from businnessman based on article 74 about corpotate social responsibility and environment.the researcher uses emptical study of law approach. The sampling tecnique is non propbability sampling in the from of purpusive sampling tecnique. PT. Perkebunan Nusantra that represents state owned corportions (BUMN). The purpose of this study is to know the regulation and implementation of CSR in accordance with the mandate of law and corporation. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the substance of Law Number 19, 2003 concerning State Owned Enterprises and Law Number 40,  2007 concerning the Company Limited has accommodated the principles of CSR implicitly in certain articles as the embodiment of Article 33 paragraph (3) and (4) of the 1945 Constitution. Law No. 18,  2004 on Plantation not a single article that regulates CSR but in the articles certain have referred to the concept of triple bottom line. With the normalization of these CSR principles, the nature of responsibility from voluntary transforms into mandatory in the form of moral obligations as well as juridical obligations.
PROSPEK HUKUM ISLAM DI BIDANG PENGUATAN MONETER DENGAN PEMBERLAKUAN MATA UANG DINAR DAN DIRHAM
Authors: Fauzi Rahmat
Published: April 2019

The limitation of the use of coins lies in its weight, so that since before Islam, in addition to the currency of the dinar and dirham, also apply to the trade papers and bonds (credit) for large commercial transactions. In running his government, at least the Prophet set nine policies in the field of monetary, among them are: First, let the currency of dinar and dirhams and trade notes and bonds payable. Second, the exemption of tariffs and import duties on imports of gold and silver and commodities from the Persian and Roman regions. Third, the prohibition of money accumulation (kanz). Fourth, the prohibition of stockpiling to maintain the stability of the value of money. Fifth, the prohibition of lending money (riba) which is run along with the prohibition of hoarding money (kanz) has accelerated the circulation of money directed to investment activities. Sixth, encourage interest-free loans (qardhul hasan) and profit sharing and risk sharing models. Seventh, prevent speculative activities. Eighth, increasing the production of goods and services. Ninth, the abolition of the trade monopoly of the Quraysh in Ukaz and Dul-Majaz markets after the conquest of Mecca. The removal of this monopoly improves the efficiency and distribution of better income. Effective demand and demand for money transactions increased so as to speed up the circulation of money.
KEDUDUKAN ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN ASING DI INDONESIA DI TINJAU DARI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 59 TAHUN 2016
Authors: Marwenny Elwidarifa , Fauzi Engrina , Cenery Jelisye Putri
Published: April 2019

One of the form of applying the value of democratic in Indonesia is accommodate by the regulation of community organization which is concretely regulated in the provisions of article 28 E Paragraph 3 of the 1945 constitution also in the provisions of law number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights. The existence of community organizations does have a great constribution in the implementation of the state, but on the other hand the existence of people raises the pro and contra. The enecment of government regulation number 59 on community organization established by foreign citizens makes the community more worried if the exixtance of community organizations affect the sovereignty of NKRI because they have different ideology with Indonesia. Based on this, it should be discussed about the organizations in Indonesia. The position of foreign social organizatios in Indonesia is reviwed from the government regulation number 59 of 2016 on community organizations established by foreign citizens and the influence of basic organizations for the sovereignty of NKRI. To answer that question, qualitative method is used  as a means to answer the problem by conducting of normative juridical approach which is done by reviewing the law and the literature. Based on this study, it is concluded that the existence of foreign social organizatios in Indonesia in line with  democracy and human right but also politically can treaten NKRI.
PELAKSANAAN DIVERSI DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM DI POLRES SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Wahyuni Sry , Citra Helfira
Published: April 2019

This Research discuss diversion implementation by the police station of Sijunjung as the alternatif resolving criminal case children in conflict with law. As for that to be special purpose from this research : the first, describe the diversion implementattion as the alternatif resolving criminal case children in conflict with law; the second, Describe the from of diversion as mediation penal that  implementation in Sijunjung Police station; the third Conclude any obstacles faced in diversion implementation as the alternatif resolving criminal case children in conflict with law of Sijunjung Police station. The result of this research is implementation of diversion can be more optimal. In case to solve the problem of children especially child crime for guarantee legal certanty for children in conflict with law. This process usually settle out of court, that is through diversion based on approach restorative justice in the Sijunjung region. Therefore, not many children are required carry out criminal liability that should in the age of children get contruction according to their age.
ANALISIS DASAR HUKUM BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHASA NASIONAL
Authors: Wahyuni Neneng
Published: April 2019

This article was written to describe the legal analysis of the Indonesian language as a national language. Indonesian is the language of unity, national language, and national language. The Youth Pledge of the Indonesian Youth Congress on October 28, 1928 was a crystallization of Indonesian nationalism. Indonesian as one of the contents of the youth oath plays an important role for Indonesian nationalism. Indonesian language is a flourishing nationalism in our society that inhabits thousands of islands in the archipelago with various ethnic groups and languages. The language of an area is motivated by different socio-cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Based on this, language will not hamper communication between regions and between cultures, because of the national language or language to avoid misunderstanding with each other due to differences in socio-cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Language as a National language, Indonesian is a dynamic language along with the dynamics of community progress as a result of national development. In order that Indonesian language is used is always good and right, we as speakers of language are required to always be open and dynamic following the development of Indonesian. As an effort to foster Indonesian language, the community must always be positive about Indonesian and Indonesian. Fostering Indonesian language also fosters national nationalism because Indonesian is the national identity of the Indonesian people.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Said Muhammad Fachri
Published: April 2019

This study aims to analyze the problem of legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights. The type of this research is socio-juridical or including descriptive research with a non-doctrinal approach, which views law as a socio-empirical symptom observed in experience. The research method used is descriptive research with the type of incorporation of normative legal research with sociological legal research related to the implementation of legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights. The results of the study show that the results of this study are the legal protection of children in the perspective of human rights in essence is an effort made by parents, government and society to fulfill and guarantee all children's rights that have been guaranteed in the convention of children's rights and laws Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights is less implemented because the government has not implemented its obligations in fulfilling children's rights so that there are still legal violations of children. The recommendation of this research is to implement legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights, parents should be fully responsible for the behavior of children and the government establishes policies that are in line with the wishes of the community, so that the common perception between parents, government and society is realized in fulfilling the rights child.
La guerra contra el lavado de dinero: ¿Puede ser exitosa sin menoscabar la confidencialidad y privacidad de aquellos que realizan transacciones legítimas?
Authors: González Taboada José A.
Published: April 2019

El lavado de dinero no es una actividad delictiva aislada sino que está estrechamente relacionada con otras actividades delictivas como el terrorismo y el tráfico de drogas, entre otras. Estas actividades afectan a casi todos los países ya que corrompen los gobiernos y desestabilizan los sistemas financieros internacionales. El gran reto para las fuerzas del orden público es cómo prevenir el lavado de dinero sin menoscabar la privacidad y la confidencialidad que deben respetar las instituciones financieras. Es necesario educar a los profesionales del derecho, la auditoría y las finanzas en la materia del lavado del dinero para que puedan identificar aquellas transacciones que ameriten mayor escrutinio legal y financiero. Los gobiernos deben definir claramente las circunstancias en las que el derecho a la privacidad deberá ceder ante la necesidad de erradicar un mal social.
Perceived Stigmatization Levels of Patients with Tuberculosis Applying to Tuberculosis Dispensaries in Istanbul
Authors: HİDİROGLU Seyhan , SARİOZ Abdullah , OZDEMİR Mikail , LULECİ Nimet Emel , KARAVUS Melda
Published: April 2019

Objective: In Turkey, tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be one of the formerly known social diseases. Similar researches exists for AIDS in manycountries. There are very few publications about the tuberculosis stigma in our country at international level. This study aimed to assess tuberculosisrelatedstigma levels and associated factors in patients with tuberculosis applying to tuberculosis dispensaries.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in two different tuberculosis dispensaries at Istanbul. We used the stigmatization scale for patientswith tuberculosis to assess and compare stigma levels of our study population. Nonparametric statistical tests were used for comparison of stigmascores.Results: In our study population, stigmatization because of tuberculosis was found to be related to low income, pulmonary involvement, occupation,and nonexistence of a relative with tuberculosis in the close environment.Conclusion: Combating the causes of stigmatization can assist patients in accessing their healthcare provider. Patients would be more likely to abideby the treatment schedule, thus reducing tuberculosis resistance in the community and decreasing its spread.
Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: BAYKAN Hayriye , ESEN Emre Cem , KUL Müslüm , ŞAHİN CAN Merve , TİRAK Ayfer , KARLIDERE Tunay
Published: April 2019

Objective: Childhood trauma is a significant risk factor for major depressive disorder, which has a multifactorial etiology. We investigated the effectsof childhood trauma, especially physical and sexual abuse, on depression later in adult life.Methods: The study included 87 patients with depression and 87 healthy volunteers. Participants were asked to fill out the Childhood TraumaQuestionnaire (CTQ) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. We have used the three childhood trauma pattern groups by theirCTQ scores. The first group consisted participants who did not report any childhood abuse. The second group comprised participants who hadexperienced emotional abuse and emotional or physical neglect. The third group included participants who reported physical and sexual abuse.Results: Approximately half of pattern groups 1 and 2 consisted of healthy controls. However, all of the participants who were in pattern group 3had major depressive disorder. Anxiety and depression levels both had positive correlations with emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. There wasa statistically significant difference between pattern groups 2 and 3 in all of the five categories of CTQ.Conclusion: In our study, we found that incidences of physical and sexual abuse increase the risk of depression. Furthermore, they indicate anincreased risk for a relationship that consists of emotional neglect and abuse, which is an independent risk factor for major depressive disorder.Therefore, we should not only focus on the individual traumas on childhood trauma cases but also consider if there is a defective pattern ofrelationship.
Text Messages Based Interventions for Pregnant Women’s Health: Systematic Review
Authors: BALCİ Ayse Sezer , KADİOGLU Hasibe
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effectiveness of text message-based randomized controlled studiesfor the health of pregnant women.Methods: We searched the following databases from 2005 and 2015, using databases Google Scholar, Pubmed, Ovid, Cochrane Library. The questionof this systematic review; what are results of text message-based interventions on the health of pregnant women? Total of 15 articles was receivedthat met the inclusion criteria for the study. After each full article was read, fifteen articles were included in this review.Results: Text message were effective on smoking cessation, weight control, diabetes management, motherhood readiness, developing negativeattitudes towards alcohol consumption.Conclusion: This systematic review suggests use of text message is more practical and cost-effective method for promoting the health of pregnantwomen and they had a positive effect on health practices of pregnant women.
Congruence Evaluation of Mercury Pollution Patterns Around a Waste Incinerator over a 16-Year-Long Period Using Different Biomonitors
Authors: Fortuna Lorenzo , Candotto Carniel Fabio , Capozzi Fiore , Tretiach Mauro
Published: April 2019

To date, there has been an ever-increasing interest in complementary air monitoring techniques, which may fill the deficiencies of air quality networks. The present work reports the results concerning five biomonitoring surveys (BSs) performed in the proximity of a waste incinerator (WI) over a 16-year period. Hg emission related to the WI activity was monitored by means of both active and passive BSs based on three photosynthetically-active biomonitors (i.e., two epiphytic lichens: Pseudevernia furfuracea and Xanthoria parietina; one vascular plant: Robinia pseudoacacia) collected or exposed before and/or after the WI installation, and after a four-month period of inactivity. Hg concentration values observed in biomonitor samples varied according to the implemented species and to the status of WI plant (active vs. inactive). Our data demonstrate that, in the same pollution scenario, P. furfuracea accumulates three times more Hg than both X. parietina and R. pseudoacacia. The results are discussed in the context of the actual European Union directives concerning air pollution monitoring and assessment, revealing that both active and passive BSs are efficient tools to provide a reliable estimation of the spatial changes of Hg concentrations in the environment.
Anthropogenic and Natural Factors Affecting Trends in Atmospheric Methane in Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Lawrence Christopher , Mao Huiting
Published: April 2019

This study examined the long-term trends in Arctic ambient methane (CH4) mixing ratios over 1986–2014 and investigated their potential causes. Significant correlations between carbon monoxide (CO) and CH4 in Barrow, Alaska (r = −0.59, p = 0.007) and Alert, Canada (r = −0.62, p = 0.004) with the strongest correlations occurring in April (r = −0.81, p = 0.000, and r = −0.80, p = 0.000) suggest local to global anthropogenic contributions to ambient CH4 during the cold months. Backward trajectories indicate a significant influence (27% of total trajectories) of local emissions from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field on ambient CH4 in Barrow in winter, and this influence was dominated by other factors in summer. The mean CH4 wetland emission flux in Barrow over 1986–2014 was estimated to be 0.008 ± 0.002 µg m−2 s−1 while in Tiksi, Russia it was 0.010 µg m−2 s−1 over 2012–2016, which is comparable to the lower end of measurements in the literature. Note that in Barrow, there was a decrease in wetland flux from 0.0083 ± 0.002 µg m−2 s−1 over 1986–1998 to 0.0077 ± 0.002 µg m−2 s−1 from 1999–2006 followed by an increase to 0.0081 ± 0.002 µg m−2 s−1 over 2007–2014. Although the difference between the three values is not statistically significant due to small sample size, it is indicative of possible warm season wetland emissions contributing to the zero-growth period. Strong support for this hypothesis is that these changes are consistent with a concurrent drop in summertime temperature possibly causing a decrease in wetland emissions over 1998–2006 based on the statistically significant correlations between temperature and CH4 during August through November (r ~ 0.36–0.56, p = ≤0.05). In a warming climate, permafrost thawing can increase CH4 wetland emissions and also decrease wetlands making it a complex problem, and, hence, further study is needed to better understand the mechanisms driving long-term trends in Arctic CH4.
Cerebral Thromboembolism after Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: Pathological Diagnosis and Mechanism of Thrombus Formation
Authors: Hashimoto Hirotsugu , Usui Genki , Tsugeno Yuta , Sugita Keisuke , Amori Gulanbar , Morikawa Teppei , Inamura Kentaro
Published: April 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although molecular therapies have emerged as efficacious strategies for the treatment of lung cancer, surgical resection is still recommended as a radical therapeutic option. Currently, lobectomy is regarded as the most reliable radical treatment of primary lung cancer. Among the various complications after lobectomy, cerebral thromboembolism requires attention as a life-threatening complication during the early postoperative period. It occurs in 0.2–1.2% of surgical cases of lung cancer and typically develops following left upper lobectomy with a long pulmonary vein stump (PVS). PVS-associated thrombosis is known to cause cerebral thromboembolism after such procedures; however, distinguishing this specific complication from that caused by postoperative atrial fibrillation is challenging. We summarize herein the diagnostic pathology of thrombus formation in accordance with its thrombogenic mechanism. We focus on the potential utility of the pathological assessment of thrombectomy specimens. The morphological information obtained from these specimens enables the presumption of thrombogenic etiology and provides useful clues to both select an appropriate pharmacotherapy and determine a follow-up treatment for cerebral thromboembolism.
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Chassis toward the Minimal Cell
Authors: Yue Ke , Zhu Yiyong , Kai Lei
Published: April 2019

The quest for a minimal cell not only sheds light on the fundamental principles of life but also brings great advances in related applied fields such as general biotechnology. Minimal cell projects came from the study of a plausible route to the origin of life. Later on, research extended and also referred to the construction of artificial cells, or even more broadly, as in vitro synthetic biology. The cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) techniques harness the central cellular activity of transcription/translation in an open environment, providing the framework for multiple cellular processes assembling. Therefore, CFPS systems have become the first choice in the construction of the minimal cell. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the quantitative analysis of CFPS and on its advantage for addressing the bottom-up assembly of a minimal cell and illustrate the importance of systemic chassis behavior, such as stochasticity under a compartmentalized micro-environment.
Thermodynamic-Based Exergy Analysis of Precious Metal Recovery out of Waste Printed Circuit Board through Black Copper Smelting Process
Authors: Ghodrat Maryam , Samali Bijan , Rhamdhani Muhammad Akbar , Brooks Geoffrey
Published: April 2019

Exergy analysis is one of the useful decision-support tools in assessing the environmental impact related to waste emissions from fossil fuel. This paper proposes a thermodynamic-based design to estimate the exergy quantity and losses during the recycling of copper and other valuable metals out of electronic waste (e-waste) through a secondary copper recycling process. The losses related to recycling, as well as the quality losses linked to metal and oxide dust, can be used as an index of the resource loss and the effectiveness of the selected recycling route. Process-based results are presented for the emission exergy of the major equipment used, which are namely a reduction furnace, an oxidation furnace, and fire-refining, electrorefining, and precious metal-refining (PMR) processes for two scenarios (secondary copper recycling with 50% and 30% waste printed circuit boards in the feed). The results of the work reveal that increasing the percentage of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the feed will lead to an increase in the exergy emission of CO2. The variation of the exergy loss for all of the process units involved in the e-waste treatment process illustrated that the oxidation stage is the key contributor to exergy loss, followed by reduction and fire refining. The results also suggest that a fundamental variation of the emission refining through a secondary copper recycling process is necessary for e-waste treatment.
Sustainable Zoning, Land-Use Allocation and Facility Location Optimisation in Smart Cities
Authors: Hammad Ahmed WA , Akbarnezhad Ali , Haddad Assed , Vazquez Elaine Garrido
Published: April 2019

Many cities around the world are facing immense pressure due to the expediting growth rates in urban population levels. The notion of ‘smart cities’ has been proposed as a solution to enhance the sustainability of cities through effective urban management of governance, energy and transportation. The research presented herein examines the applicability of a mathematical framework to enhance the sustainability of decisions involved in zoning, land-use allocation and facility location within smart cities. In particular, a mathematical optimisation framework is proposed, which links through with other platforms in city settings, for optimising the zoning, land-use allocation, location of new buildings and the investment decisions made regarding infrastructure works in smart cities. Multiple objective functions are formulated to optimise social, economic and environmental considerations in the urban space. The impact on underlying traffic of location choices made for the newly introduced buildings is accounted for through optimised assignment of traffic to the underlying network. A case example on urban planning and infrastructure development within a smart city is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Designing Operationally Relevant Daily Large Fire Containment Strategies Using Risk Assessment Results
Authors: Wei Yu , Thompson Matthew P. , Scott Joe H. , O’Connor Christopher D. , Dunn Christopher J.
Published: April 2019

In this study, we aim to advance the optimization of daily large fire containment strategies for ground-based suppression resources by leveraging fire risk assessment results commonly used by fire managers in the western USA. We begin from an existing decision framework that spatially overlays fire risk assessment results with pre-identified potential wildland fire operational delineations (PODs), and then clusters PODs into a response POD (rPOD) using a mixed integer program (MIP) model to minimize expected loss. We improve and expand upon this decision framework through enhanced fire modeling integration and refined analysis of probabilistic and time-sensitive information. Specifically, we expand the set of data inputs to include raster layers of simulated burn probability, flame length probability, fire arrival time, and expected net value change, all calculated using a common set of stochastic weather forecasts and landscape data. Furthermore, we develop a secondary optimization model that, for a given optimal rPOD, dictates the timing of fire line construction activities to ensure completion of containment line prior to fire arrival along specific rPOD edges. The set of management decisions considered includes assignment of PODs to be included in the rPOD, assignment of suppression resources to protect susceptible structures within the rPOD, and assignment of suppression resources to construct fire lines, on specific days, along the perimeter of the rPOD. We explore how fire manager risk preferences regarding firefighter safety affect optimal rPOD characteristics, and use a simple decision tree to display multiple solutions and support rapid assessment of alternatives. We base our test cases on the FSPro simulation of the 2017 Sliderock Fire that burned on the Lolo National Forest in Montana, USA. The overarching goal of this research is to generate operationally relevant decision support that can best balance the benefits and losses from wildfire and the cost from responding to wildfire.
Correction of NR2E3 Associated Enhanced S-cone Syndrome Patient-specific iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Bohrer Laura R. , Wiley Luke A. , Burnight Erin R. , Cooke Jessica A. , Giacalone Joseph C. , Anfinson Kristin R. , Andorf Jeaneen L. , Mullins Robert F. , Stone Edwin M. , Tucker Budd A.
Published: April 2019

Enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) is caused by recessive mutations in the photoreceptor cell transcription factor NR2E3. Loss of NR2E3 is characterized by repression of rod photoreceptor cell gene expression, over-expansion of the S-cone photoreceptor cell population, and varying degrees of M- and L-cone photoreceptor cell development. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-based homology-directed repair strategy and corrected two different disease-causing NR2E3 mutations in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from two affected individuals. In addition, one patient’s iPSCs were differentiated into retinal cells and NR2E3 transcription was evaluated in CRISPR corrected and uncorrected clones. The patient’s c.119-2A>C mutation caused the inclusion of a portion of intron 1, the creation of a frame shift, and generation of a premature stop codon. In summary, we used a single set of CRISPR reagents to correct different mutations in iPSCs generated from two individuals with ESCS. In doing so we demonstrate the advantage of using retinal cells derived from affected patients over artificial in vitro model systems when attempting to demonstrate pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific mutations.
Transient Thermal Effects in Sedimentary Basins with Normal Faults and Magmatic Sill Intrusions—A Sensitivity Study
Authors: Sydnes Magnhild , Fjeldskaar Willy , Grunnaleite Ivar , Løtveit Ingrid Fjeldskaar , Mjelde Rolf
Published: April 2019

Magmatic intrusions affect the basin temperature in their vicinity. Faulting and physical properties of the basin may influence the magnitudes of their thermal effects and the potential source rock maturation. We present results from a sensitivity study of the most important factors affecting the thermal history in structurally complex sedimentary basins with magmatic sill intrusions. These factors are related to faulting, physical properties, and restoration methods: (1) fault displacement, (2) time span of faulting and deposition, (3) fault angle, (4) thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, (5) basal heat flow and (6) restoration method. All modeling is performed on the same constructed clastic sedimentary profile containing one normal listric fault with one faulting event. Sills are modeled to intrude into either side of the fault zone with a temperature of 1000 °C. The results show that transient thermal effects may last up to several million years after fault slip. Thermal differences up to 40 °C could occur for sills intruding at time of fault slip, to sills intruding 10 million years later. We have shown that omitting the transient thermal effects of structural development in basins with magmatic intrusions may lead to over- or underestimation of the thermal effects of magmatic intrusions and ultimately the estimated maturation.
Registration of Multi-Sensor Bathymetric Point Clouds in Rural Areas Using Point-to-Grid Distances
Authors: Boerner Richard , Xu Yusheng , Baran Ramona , Steinbacher Frank , Hoegner Ludwig , Stilla Uwe
Published: April 2019

This article proposes a method for registration of two different point clouds with different point densities and noise recorded by airborne sensors in rural areas. In particular, multi-sensor point clouds with different point densities are considered. The proposed method is marker-less and uses segmented ground areas for registration.Therefore, the proposed approach offers the possibility to fuse point clouds of different sensors in rural areas within an accuracy of fine registration. In general, such registration is solved with extensive use of control points. The source point cloud is used to calculate a DEM of the ground which is further used to calculate point to raster distances of all points of the target point cloud. Furthermore, each cell of the raster DEM gets a height variance, further addressed as reconstruction accuracy, by calculating the grid. An outlier removal based on a dynamic threshold of distances is used to gain more robustness against noise and small geometry variations. The transformation parameters are calculated with an iterative least-squares optimization of the distances weighted with respect to the reconstruction accuracies of the grid. Evaluations consider two flight campaigns of the Mangfall area inBavaria, Germany, taken with different airborne LiDAR sensors with different point density. The accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated on the whole flight strip of approximately eight square kilometers as well as on selected scenes in a closer look. For all scenes, it obtained an accuracy of rotation parameters below one tenth degrees and accuracy of translation parameters below the point spacing and chosen cell size of the raster. Furthermore, the possibility of registration of airborne LiDAR and photogrammetric point clouds from UAV taken images is shown with a similar result. The evaluation also shows the robustness of the approach in scenes where a classical iterative closest point (ICP) fails.
Factors Associated with Parents’ Adherence to Different Types of Exercises in Home Programs for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Lillo-Navarro Carmen , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Escolar-Reina Pilar , Oliveira-Sousa Silvana L. , García-Vidal Jose A. , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc
Published: April 2019

There is a lack of knowledge with regard to the adherence to different types of exercises prescribed for children with disabilities. The aim was to examine parents’ adherence to prescriptions of different types of home exercises; to identify associated factors related to the parents, the children and the environment, and to assess the relative influence of the behaviour of health professionals. Parents (393) were recruited from 18 early intervention centres. A cross-sectional survey using a self-reported questionnaire was used to examine whether three types of exercises (“flexibility exercises”, “neuromotor development training” and “body mechanics and postural stabilisation”) were prescribed in their home programs; if the child had received exercises according to a prescription; and items related to the parents, child, environment, and health professionals. The adherence rates were different among the types of exercises. Parents with low perception of barriers and high self-efficacy had a higher adherence to neuromotor development training and postural stabilization, whereas parents with a high level of knowledge increased their odds of adherence to flexibility exercises. Health professionals’ behaviour had a distinct influence on the adherence to different exercises. This study suggests the need to specifically consider the types of exercises prescribed in the management of adherence to home programs.
Safety and Efficacy of Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy
Authors: Levene Michelle , Bain Murray D. , Moran Nicholas F. , Nirmalananthan Niranjanan , Poulton Joanna , Scarpelli Mauro , Filosto Massimiliano , Mandel Hanna , MacKinnon Andrew D. , Fairbanks Lynette , Pacitti Dario , Bax Bridget E
Published: April 2019

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder of nucleoside metabolism that is caused by mutations in the nuclear thymidine phosphorylase gene (TYMP) gene, encoding for the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. There are currently no approved treatments for MNGIE. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of MNGIE. In this single centre study, three adult patients with MNGIE received intravenous escalating doses of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase (EE-TP; dose range: 4 to 108 U/kg/4 weeks). EE-TP was well tolerated and reductions in the disease-associated plasma metabolites, thymidine, and deoxyuridine were observed in all three patients. Clinical improvements, including weight gain and improved disease scores, were observed in two patients, suggesting that EE-TP is able to reverse some aspects of the disease pathology. Transient, non-serious adverse events were observed in two of the three patients; these did not lead to therapy discontinuation and they were managed with pre-medication prior to infusion of EE-TP. To conclude, enzyme replacement therapy with EE-TP demonstrated biochemical and clinical therapeutic efficacy with an acceptable clinical safety profile.