bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives of 4-Pyrrolidino Pyridine: Synthesis, Structural, Thermal, and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Rusew Rusi , Kurteva Vanya , Shivachev Boris
Published: April 2020

Six novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of 4-pyrrolidino pyridine were prepared and isolated via a facile one-pot synthesis and a simple purification procedure. The purity and the molecular structure of the 4-pyrrolidino pyridine derivatives were confirmed with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal structures of the compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and their thermal properties were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The antibacterial properties of the title compounds against five bacterial strains were evaluated using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic or orthorhombic crystal systems (space groups: P21/c, P21/n, or P212121) and their crystal structures are stabilized by a combination of intra- and intermolecular halogen bonding interactions, short contacts and π-π interactions. Above interactions, they contribute to the thermal stability and lack of phase transition effects up to 350 °C. Two of the compounds possess antibacterial effect against E. coli or S. aureus bacterial strains—similar or better than the kanamycin reference.
Abrupt Change Effect of Bandgap Energy on Quantum System of Silicon Nanowire
Authors: Huang Zhong-Mei , Liu Shi-Rong , Peng Hong-Yan , Li Xin , Huang Wei-Qi
Published: April 2020

In the quantum system of Si nanowire (NW), the energy bandgap obviously increases with decreasing radius size of NW, in which the quantum confinement (QC) effect plays a main role. Furthermore, the simulation result demonstrated that the direct bandgap can be obtained as the NW diameter is smaller than 3 nm in Si NW with (001) direction. However, it is discovered in the simulating calculation that the QC effect disappears as the NW diameter arrives at size of monoatomic line, in which its bandgap sharply deceases where the abrupt change effect in bandgap energy occurs near the idea quantum wire. In the experiment, we fabricated the Si NW structure by using annealing and pulsed laser deposition methods, in which a novel way was used to control the radius size of Si NW by confining cylinder space of NW in nanolayer. It should have a good application on optic-electronic waveguide of silicon chip.
Evaluation of Uterine Artery Doppler and Estrogen Milieu in Oocyte Donation Pregnancies—A Pilot Study
Authors: Mandia Luca , Cavoretto Paolo , Duca Piergiorgio , Candiani Massimo , Cetin Irene , Savasi Valeria
Published: April 2020

Oocyte donations (OD) represent 4.5% of all in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. While OD pregnancies face increased risks of obstetrical complications, especially pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia (PE), little is known about the physiology and the physiopathology of placentation. We performed a prospective case-control study to analyze uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and serum maternal 17β-estradiol (17β-E) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks’ gestation in singleton pregnancies with different modes of conception. Study groups were: 55 OD, 48 IVF with autologous oocytes from fresh cycles (Autologous-Fresh IVF), 10 IVF with autologous oocytes from frozen cycles (Autologous-Frozen IVF) and 122 spontaneously conceived pregnancies (SC). The mean UtA-PI and serum maternal 17β-E at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks were significantly lower in OD as compared to SC and autologous IVF, either from fresh or frozen cycles. Oocyte donation presents lower UtA-PI and lower serum 17β-E in the first trimester of pregnancy. The etiology of these particularr differences is likely multifactorial and deserves further investigation.
Adaptive Cluster Synchronization of Complex Networks with Identical and Nonidentical Lur’e Systems
Authors: Gao Yue , Ding Dong , Tang Ze
Published: April 2020

This paper is devoted to investigating the cluster synchronization of a class of nonlinearly coupled Lur’e networks. A novel adaptive pinning control strategy is introduced, which is beneficial to achieve cluster synchronization of the Lur’e systems in the same cluster and weaken the directed connections of the Lur’e systems in different clusters. The coupled complex networks consisting of not only identical Lur’e systems but also nonidentical Lur’e systems are discussed, respectively. Based on the S-procedure and the concept of acceptable nonlinear continuous function class, sufficient conditions are obtained which prove that the complex dynamical networks can be pinned to the heterogeneous solutions for any initial values. In addition, effective and comparatively small control strengths are acquired by the designing of the adaptive updating algorithm. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the proposed theorems and the control schemes.
A 16 Gbps, Full-Duplex Transceiver over Lossy On-Chip Interconnects in 28 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Ebrahimi Jarihani Arash , Sarafi Sahar , Koeberle Michael , Sturm Johannes , Tonello Andrea M.
Published: April 2020

A high-speed full-duplex transceiver (FDT) over lossy on-chip interconnects is presented. The FDT employs a hybrid circuit to separate the inbound and outbound signals from each other and also performs echo-cancellation with the help of the main and the auxiliary drivers. A hybrid MOS device is utilized for impedance matching and conversion of the received voltage signal into a current signal for amplification. Moreover, a compensation capacitance ( C c ) is used at the output of the main driver to minimize the residual echo signal and achieve a higher data rate. The entire FDT architecture has been designed in TSMC 28 nm CMOS standard process with 0.9 V supply voltage. The performance results validate a 16 Gbps FD operation with a root-mean-square (RMS) jitter of 16.4 ps, and a power efficiency of 0.16 pJ/b/mm over a 5 mm on-chip interconnect without significant effect due to process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. To the best knowledge of the authors, this work shows the highest achievable full-duplex data rate, among the solutions reported in the literature to date, yet with low complexity, low layout area of 1581 μ m 2 and competitive power efficiency.
Sustainability of High-Value Timber Species in Mixed Conifer–Broadleaf Forest Managed under Selection System in Northern Japan
Authors: Moe Kyaw Thu , Owari Toshiaki
Published: April 2020

Understanding the sustainability of high-value timber species in managed forests provides useful information for the management of these species in the long-run. Using nearly 50 years of census data in long-term permanent plots, we investigated the sustainability of three high-value timber species—monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel), castor aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz), and Japanese oak (Quercus crispula Blume)—in cool-temperate mixed forest under a selection system in northern Japan. We used stocking, demographic parameters, and species proportions of these species as measures of sustainability. Results showed that the tree density and basal area of the three high-value timber species increased during the study period. Moreover, the basal area increment of these species showed an increasing trend across census periods. However, while no significant differences in the tree mortality of these species were observed, the numbers of in-growth fluctuated across census periods. Increasing trends in species proportions of monarch birch and Japanese oak were observed. Even though there were some fluctuations across census periods, especially in smaller diameter classes, diameter distribution curves of high-value timber species followed a reversed J-shaped pattern. The results revealed that the sustainability measures of high-value timber species can be achieved in forest stands managed under single-tree selection system. In addition, the results also indicated the changing structure and composition of the forest stand. The stocking and basal area increment of conifers decreased while those of broadleaves increased. The proportion of conifers decreased to 33.01% in 2008–2016 from 48.35% in 1968–1978. The results of this study would be useful for adapting silvicultural practices and harvesting practices as well as for simulating various silvicultural and management options for high-value timber species.
Variation in Deadwood Microsites in Areas Designated under the Habitats Directive (Natura 2000)
Authors: Bujoczek Leszek , Zięba Stanisław , Bujoczek Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

The continuing decline in biodiversity presents a major environmental protection challenge. The conservation of sufficiently extensive and diverse habitats requires an array of coordinated actions, often involving large areas. While a set of conservation objectives have been defined for the Natura 2000 network, no universal methods of accomplishing them have been specified, and so they must be designed by individual Member States. Deadwood volume and the density of large deadwood pieces are widely used for evaluating the quality of forest habitat types designated under the Habitats Directive. In the present study, data from 5557 sample plots were used to evaluate the mean values of the two deadwood indicators as well as the ratio of deadwood volume to living tree volume for each of the 13 habitat types in Poland. In addition, a logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the effects of terrain, site, and tree stand characteristics as well as protection type on deadwood volume in Natura 2000 areas. Mean deadwood volume varied greatly between habitat types, with the lowest values found for Central European lichen Scots pine forests (91T0–2.5 m3 ha−1) and Old acidophilous oak woods (9190–4.4 m3 ha−1), and the highest for Riparian mixed forests (91F0–43.1 m3 ha−1) and Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (9410–55.4 m3 ha−1). The ratio of deadwood volume to living tree volume ranged from approx. 1%–17%. Additionally, the presence of large deadwood differed among habitat types: in some, there were no deadwood pieces with a diameter of ≥50 cm, while their maximum density was 6.1 pieces ha−1. The logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of a habitat type to have a ‘favorable conservation status’ as defined by deadwood abundance (a threshold of at least 20 m3 ha−1 according to Polish manuals on habitat type evaluation) increased with sample plot elevation, site fertility, and moisture, as well as stand age and volume. Positive effects were also observed for forests under strict and active protection versus managed forests. Planned efforts are necessary to enhance the quality of habitats with insufficient deadwood, especially in managed forests. Special attention should be given to areas that are readily accessible due to gentle terrain and low site moisture. Furthermore, younger stands on less fertile sites may require intervention to promote deadwood accumulation. We recommend retaining a certain proportion of mature stands until natural death and decomposition. Increasing the density of large deadwood is currently one of the most pressing conservation needs in most habitat types.
Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Knowledge and Positions of German Farmers
Authors: Jantke Kerstin , Hartmann Martina J. , Rasche Livia , Blanz Benjamin , Schneider Uwe A.
Published: April 2020

Climate mitigation targets must involve the agricultural sector, which contributes 10%–14% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To evaluate options for implementing mitigation measures in the agricultural sector, farmers’ knowledge, positions, and attitudes towards agricultural GHG emissions, their accounting, and reduction need to be understood. Using an online survey, we asked 254 German farmers about their motivation to reduce GHG emissions and their acceptance of possible regulation schemes. We examined differences between relevant farming sectors, i.e., conventional versus organic and livestock keeping versus crop-cultivating farms. Results show that German farmers are aware of climatic changes and feel a general commitment to reducing GHG emissions but lack sufficient information. We identified agricultural magazines as the most effective tool for disseminating relevant knowledge. German farmers would feel motivated to adopt climate-friendly farming styles if products were labeled accordingly and if they received subsidies and public acknowledgment for their effort. As long as there is no regulation of agricultural GHGs through taxes or subsidies, personal motivation is yet the strongest motivation for voluntary emission reduction. Our findings are timely for the further development of strategies and instruments that reduce agricultural GHG emission and account for the farmers’ views. The dataset is available for further investigations.
Early-Life Stress Induced Epigenetic Changes of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Gene in Anorexic Low Body Weight–Selected Chicks
Authors: Xiao Yang , Wang Jinxin , Siegel Paul B. , Cline Mark A. , Gilbert Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2020

The expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were increased when low body weight–selected (LWS) line chicks, which are predisposed to anorexia, were subjected to a combination of nutritional and thermal stressors at hatch. We hypothesized that such changes resulted from epigenetic modifications. We determined global DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and methylation near the promoter regions of NPY and CRF, in the hypothalamus of LWS chicks on day 5 post-hatch. Stress exposure at hatch induced global hypermethylation and increased DNMT activity in the ARC but not PVN. In the PVN of stressed LWS chicks, there was decreased methylation of a CpG site located at the core binding domain of methyl cytosine binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), near the CRF gene promoter. We then demonstrated that this was associated with disrupted binding of MBD2. There was also reduced utilization of yolk reserves and lean and fat masses in chicks that were stress-exposed. These findings provide novel insights on molecular mechanisms through which stressful events induce or intensify anorexia in predisposed individuals and a novel molecular target for further studies.
Assessing the Performance of Thin-Film Nanofiltration Membranes with Embedded Montmorillonites
Authors: Ang Micah Belle Marie Yap , Deang Amira Beatriz Gaces , Aquino Ruth R. , Basilia Blessie A. , Huang Shu-Hsien , Lee Kueir-Rarn , Lai Juin-Yih
Published: April 2020

In this study, the basal spacing of montmorillonite (MMT) was modified through ion exchange. Two kinds of MMT were used: sodium-modified MMT (Na-MMT) and organo-modified MMT (O-MMT). These two particles were incorporated separately into the thin-film nanocomposite polyamide membrane through the interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride in n-hexane. The membrane with O-MMT (TFNO-MMT) has a more hydrophilic surface compared to that of membrane with Na-MMT (TFNNa-MMT). When various types of MMT were dispersed in the n-hexane solution with trimesoyl chloride (TMC), O-MMT was well-dispersed than Na-MMT. The poor dispersion of Na-MMT in n-hexane led to the aggregation of Na-MMT on the surface of TFNNa-MMT. TFNO-MMT displayed a uniform distribution of O-MMT on the surface, because O-MMT was well-dispersed in n-hexane. In comparison with the pristine and TFNNa-MMT membranes, TFNO-MMT delivered the highest pure water flux of 53.15 ± 3.30 L∙m−2∙h−1 at 6 bar, while its salt rejection for divalent ions remained at 95%–99%. Furthermore, it had stable performance in wide operating condition, and it exhibited a magnificent antifouling property. Therefore, a suitable type of MMT could lead to high separation efficiency.
Advanced Process Simulation of Low Pressure Die Cast A356 Aluminum Automotive Wheels—Part I, Process Characterization
Authors: Ou Jun , Wei Chunying , Cockcroft Steve , Maijer Daan , Zhu Lin , A Lateng , Li Changhai , Zhu Zhihua
Published: April 2020

In this work, a plant trial was conducted on an industrial low pressure die casting (LPDC) manufacturing process for the production of aluminum alloy wheels. Various types of data have been acquired, including extensive measurements of temperature at different locations (die, wheel and cooling channels), pressure in cooling channels and size/location of shrinkage porosity in the produced wheels. Moreover, two process conditions were tested in the trial—one was the standard production process condition and the other was designed to generate shrinkage porosity in wheels by altering the die temperature. The large amount of quantitative data acquired in this study helped us to understand the key transport phenomena occurring in the process, which include: (1) a thorough picture of the evolution in temperature at a large number of discrete locations in the die and the casting; (2) the dynamic and complicated heat transfer in the cooling channels both water-on and water-off stages, associated with boiling water heat transfer. This paper (Part I) presents the results and findings obtained from the process characterization. The follow-on paper (Part II) will introduce the developed modeling methodology based on the data produced from this work.
Chromium Members of the Pumpellyite Group: Shuiskite-(Cr), Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, a New Mineral, and Shuiskite-(Mg), a New Species Name for Shuiskite
Authors: Lykova Inna , Varlamov Dmitry , Chukanov Nikita , Pekov Igor , Belakovskiy Dmitry , Ivanov Oleg , Zubkova Natalia , Britvin Sergey
Published: April 2020

A new pumpellyite-group mineral shuiskite-(Cr), ideally Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, was found at the Rudnaya mine, Glavnoe Saranovskoe deposit, Middle Urals, Russia. It occurs on the walls of 0.5 to 1 cm thick fractures in chromitite, filled with calcite, Cr-bearing clinochlore, and uvarovite. Shuiskite-(Cr) forms long prismatic to acicular crystals up to 0.1 × 0.5 × 7 mm elongated along [010] and slightly flattened on [100]. The crystals are commonly combined into radial, sheaf-like aggregates. Most observed crystals are simple twins with a (001) composition plane. Shuiskite-(Cr) is greenish-black under daylight or purplish-black under incandescent light. It is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.757(5), β = 1.788(6), γ = 1.794(6), 2V (meas.) = 45(10)°, 2V (calc.) = 46° (589 nm). The Dcalc is 3.432 g/cm3. The IR spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (wt.%) is CaO 21.33, MgO 3.17, Al2O3 5.41, Cr2O3 28.50, TiO2 0.18, SiO2 33.86, H2O 5.82, total 98.27. The empirical formula calculated based on the sum of eight metal cations and Si atoms per formula unit is Ca2.02Mg0.42Cr3+1.99Al0.56Ti0.01Si3.00O10.57(OH)3.43. The simplified formula is Ca2(Cr,Mg)(Cr,Al)2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH,O)](OH,O)(OH)2. Shuiskite-(Cr) is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 19.2436(6), b = 5.9999(2), c = 8.8316(3) Å, β = 97.833(3)°, V = 1010.17(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure, solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R = 0.0469), is based on a pair of chains of edge-sharing Cr-centred octahedra running along the b axis, linked together via the [SiO4] and [Si2O6(OH)] groups and Ca-centred polyhedra. The mineral species shuiskite, ideally Ca2MgCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)3, was renamed to shuiskite-(Mg) by the decision of the IMA CNMNC. The shuiskite solid solution series with the general formula Ca2XCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH,O)](OH)2(OH,O), which includes shuiskite-(Mg) and shuiskite-(Cr) with X = Mg and Cr3+, respectively, appeared in the pumpellyite group.
Properties of Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. Extracts Free and Embedded into Mesopores of Silica and Titania Nanomaterials
Authors: Brezoiu Ana-Maria , Prundeanu Mioara , Berger Daniela , Deaconu Mihaela , Matei Cristian , Oprea Ovidiu , Vasile Eugeniu , Negreanu-Pîrjol Ticuța , Muntean Delia , Danciu Corina
Published: April 2020

This study evidenced the nanoconfinement effect on polyphenolic extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. into the mesopores of silica and titania nanomaterials on their radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial potential. The ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained either by conventional or microwave-assisted extraction were characterized in terms of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and chlorophyll content, as well as radical scavenging activity by consecrated spectrometric determinations. The phytochemical fingerprint of extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Salvia officinalis extracts exhibited better radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial potential than Thymus serpyllum extracts. The mesoporous MCM-41 silica and titania nanomaterials, prepared by the sol–gel method, were characterized by small- and wide-angle powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the materials containing embedded extracts were analyzed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 sorption measurements, and thermal analysis. All extracts free and embedded in mesoporous matrix exhibited high radical scavenger properties and good bactericidal activity against several reference strains. It was proved that by embedding the polyphenolic extracts into mesopores of silica or titania nanoparticles, the phytochemicals stability was enhanced as the materials containing extract exhibited higher radical scavenger activity after 3–6 months storage than that of the free extracts. Additionally, the extract-loaded material showed mild improved antimicrobial activity in comparison with the corresponding free extract.
Various Coating Methodologies of WO3 According to the Purpose for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Kim Keon-Woo , Kim Yong Min , Li Xinlin , Ha Taehwa , Kim Se Hyun , Moon Hong Chul , Lee Seung Woo
Published: April 2020

Solution-processable electrochromic (EC) materials have been investigated widely for various applications, such as smart windows, reflective displays, and sensors. Among them, tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an attractive material because it can form a film via a solution process and relative low temperature treatment, which is suitable for a range of substrates. This paper introduces the slot-die and electrostatic force-assisted dispensing (EFAD) printing for solution-processable methods of WO3 film fabrication. The resulting films were compared with WO3 films prepared by spin coating. Both films exhibited a similar morphology and crystalline structure. Furthermore, three different processed WO3 film-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) were prepared and exhibited similar device behaviors. In addition, large area (100 cm2) and patterned ECDs were fabricated using slot-die and EFAD printing. Consequently, slot-die and EFAD printing can be used to commercialize WO3 based-ECDs applications, such as smart windows and reflective displays.
Anti-Fatigue Effect of Prunus Mume Vinegar in High-Intensity Exercised Rats
Authors: Kim Jeong-Ho , Cho Hyun-Dong , Won Yeong-Seon , Hong Seong-Min , Moon Kwang-Deog , Seo Kwon-Il
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, new types of vinegar have been developed using various raw materials and biotechnological processes. The fruit of Prunus mume has been extensively distributed in East Asia and used as a folk medication for fatigue. In this study, the Prunus mume vinegar (PV) was produced by a two-step fermentation and was evaluated for its anti-fatigue activity by C2C12 myoblasts and high-intensity exercised rats. The administration of PV significantly improved running endurance and glycogen accumulation in the liver and muscle of PV supplemented rats compared to sedentary and exercised control groups. In addition, PV supplementation elicited lower fatigue-related serum biomarkers, for instance, ammonia, inorganic phosphate, and lactate. PV administered rats exhibited higher lactate dehydrogenase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity, and lower creatine kinase activity and malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, phenolic compounds in PV were identified using HPLC analysis. The phenolic acids analyzed in PV were protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, and its derivates. These results indicate that the administration of PV with antioxidative property contributes to the improvement of fatigue recovery in exhausted rats. The findings of this study suggest that the PV containing various bioactive constituents can be used as a functional material against fatigue caused by high-intensity exercise.
The Relationship between Vitamin K and Osteoarthritis: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Chin Kok-Yong
Published: April 2020

Vitamin K is a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which plays an important role in the activation of γ-carboxyglutamate (gla)-containing proteins that negatively regulate calcification. Thus, vitamin K status might be associated with osteoarthritis (OA), in which cartilage calcification plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review collates the evidence on the relationship between vitamin K status (circulating or dietary intake level of vitamin K, or circulating uncarboxylated gla proteins) and OA from human observational studies and clinical trial, to examine its potential as an agent in preventing OA. The current literature generally agrees that a sufficient level of vitamin K is associated with a lower risk of OA and pathological joint features. However, evidence from clinical trials is limited. Mechanistic study shows that vitamin K activates matrix gla proteins that inhibit bone morphogenetic protein-mediated cartilage calcification. Gla-rich proteins also inhibit inflammatory cascade in monocytic cell lines, but this function might be independent of vitamin K-carboxylation. Although the current data are insufficient to establish the optimal dose of vitamin K to prevent OA, ensuring sufficient dietary intake seems to protect the elderly from OA.
Relative Validity of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity for Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Comparison to Diet Quality Indexes in US Adults
Authors: Ha Kyungho , Kim Kijoon , Sakaki Junichi R. , Chun Ock K.
Published: April 2020

While traditionally diet quality index scores (DQIS) as noted later in this abstract have been used to predict health outcomes, dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), a useful tool for assessing total antioxidant power in the diet, may also be a novel predictor. This study evaluated the associations between dietary TAC and DQIS and all-cause mortality. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988–1994 and 1999–2006, 23,797 US adults were followed-up until 2015. Dietary TAC and DQIS including the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were calculated using a 1-day 24 h dietary recall. US adults in the highest quintiles of DQIS had lower rates of all-cause mortality compared to those in the lowest quintiles (HEI-2015 hazard ratio (HR): 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.98; AHEI-2010 HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94; aMED HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.90; DASH HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92). Similarly, those in the highest quintile of dietary TAC also had a lower all-cause mortality than those in the lowest quintile (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.98). These findings suggest that dietary TAC might be a relatively valid predictor of all-cause mortality in the US population compared to the DQIS.
Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Judo Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lakicevic Nemanja , Roklicer Roberto , Bianco Antonino , Mani Diba , Paoli Antonio , Trivic Tatjana , Ostojic Sergej M. , Milovancev Aleksandra , Maksimovic Nebojsa , Drid Patrik
Published: April 2020

Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced among judo athletes. Although it helps them to gain the advantage over their lighter opponents, previous studies have shown that RWL can have a negative impact on the athlete’s performance and overall well-being. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence that examines the influence of rapid weight loss on physiological parameters, biomarkers, and psychological well-being in judo athletes. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We searched for studies on Web of Science and PubMed that elaborate on the influence of ≥5% RWL achieved over ≤7-day period in judokas. Out of 52 studies initially found, 14 studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. In total, we examined data from 1103 judo athletes. Retrieved studies showed conflicting data concerning physiological parameters and biomarkers, while psychological well-being parameters were more consistent than physiological and biomarkers. The feeling of tension, anger, and fatigue significantly increased while a decrease in vigor was demonstrated among athletes who lost weight rapidly. The evidence on the impact of RWL on performance remains ambiguous. More studies under standardized conditions are needed in order to provide firm evidence. Considering the harmful effects of RWL outlined in the existing literature, it is important to determine and monitor athlete’s minimal competitive weight to prioritize the health and safety of the athlete, emphasize fairness, and ultimately benefit the sport.
Protective Effects of Myo-Inositol and Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Thyroid Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Benvenga Salvatore , Marini Herbert R. , Micali Antonio , Freni Jose , Pallio Giovanni , Irrera Natasha , Squadrito Francesco , Altavilla Domenica , Antonelli Alessandro , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Fallahi Poupak , Puzzolo Domenico , Minutoli Letteria
Published: April 2020

Cadmium (Cd) damages the thyroid gland. We evaluated the effects of myo-inositol (MI), seleno-L-methionine (Se) or their combination on the thyroids of mice simultaneously administered with Cd chloride (CdCl2). Eighty-four male mice were divided into 12 groups (seven mice each). Six groups (controls) were treated with 0.9% NaCl (vehicle), Se (0.2 mg/kg/day), Se (0.4 mg/kg/day), MI (360 mg/kg/day), MI+Se (0.2 mg/kg) and MI+Se (0.4 mg/kg). The other six groups were treated with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg), CdCl2+MI, CdCl2+Se (0.2 mg/kg), CdCl2+Se (0.4 mg/kg), CdCl2+MI+Se (0.2 mg/kg) and CdCl2+MI+Se (0.4 mg/kg). An additional group of CdCl2-challenged animals (n = 7) was treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg), an effective and potent antioxidant. All treatments lasted 14 days. After sacrifice, the thyroids were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. CdCl2 reduced the follicular area, increased the epithelial height, stroma, and cells expressing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). CdCl2+Se at 0.2/0.4 mg/kg insignificantly reversed the follicular and stromal structure, and significantly decreased the number of MCP-1 and CXCL10-positive cells. CdCl2+MI significantly reversed the thyroid structure and further decreased the number of MCP-1 and CXCL10-positive cells. CdCl2+MI+Se, at both doses, brought all indices to those of CdCl2-untreated mice. MI, particularly in association with Se, defends mice from Cd-induced damage. The efficacy of this combination was greater than that of resveratrol, at least when using the follicular structure as a read-out for a comparison. We suggest that the use of these nutraceuticals, more specifically the combination of MI plus SE, can protect the thyroid of Cd-exposed subjects.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and VDR Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Leukemia Patients and Healthy Subjects in Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhumina Assel G. , Li Konstantin , Konovalova Anna A. , Li Yelena A. , Ishmuratova Margarita Yu. , Pogossyan Gayane P. , Danilenko Michael
Published: April 2020

Low blood levels of the vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been associated with an increased risk and poorer outcomes of various cancers, including hematological malignancies. The Central Kazakhstan area has a relatively high incidence rate of leukemia. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and leukemia or other types of cancer in Kazakhstan has not yet been addressed. Therefore, in this first pilot single-center study conducted in Central Kazakhstan, we compared plasma levels of 25(OH)D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with leukemia and demographically matching healthy volunteers. The levels of 25(OH)D in patients were found to be significantly lower (10.8 ± 7.0 ng/mL; n = 31) than in healthy subjects (21.6 ± 7.8 ng/mL; n = 34; p < 0.0001). A similar difference was observed in both younger (<60 years old) and older (>60 years old) participants, though there was no association between 25(OH)D concentration and age within the patient group. In female patients, 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower than in male patients (p = 0.04). No significant seasonal variations of 25(OH)D were observed in either the patient or the control group. VDR gene expression levels appeared to be similar in leukemia patients and healthy subjects, and no correlation between the cellular VDR expression and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in either group of participants. We did not observe a significant association of 25(OH)D or VDR levels and overall survival of leukemia patients. This observational study conducted for the first time in Kazakhstan supports previous findings demonstrating reduced blood 25(OH)D levels in cancer (leukemia) patients. Larger studies are required to determine whether low 25(OH)D plasma concentrations represent a risk factor for leukemia development and/or progression.
Encystment Induces Down-Regulation of an Acetyltransferase-Like Gene in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Rolland Steven , Mengue Luce , Noël Cyril , Crapart Stéphanie , Mercier Anne , Aucher Willy , Héchard Yann , Samba-Louaka Ascel
Published: April 2020

Acanthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba. Pathogenic strains are causative agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. In response to adverse conditions, A. castellanii differentiate into cysts, which are metabolically inactive and resistant cells. This process, also named encystment, involves biochemical and genetic modifications that remain largely unknown. This study characterizes the role of the ACA1_384820 Acanthamoeba gene during encystment. This gene encodes a putative N-acetyltransferase, belonging to the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) family. We showed that expression of the ACA1_384820 gene was down-regulated as early as two hours after induction of encystment in A. castellanii. Interestingly, overexpression of the ACA1_384820 gene affects formation of cysts. Unexpectedly, the search of homologs of ACA1_384820 in the Eukaryota gene datasets failed, except for some species in the Acanthamoeba genus. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a possible lateral acquisition of this gene from prokaryotic cells. This study enabled us to describe a new Acanthamoeba gene that is down-regulated during encystment.
Inflação de custo em um ambiente de Educação Financeira Escolar: análise de uma proposta
Authors: Almansa Suziane Dias , Pistóia Mariani Rita de Cássia
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar e analisar uma tarefa que enfatiza a ideia de inflação de custo em um ambiente de educação financeira escolar. A tarefa enfatizou a variação do custo de combustíveis e foi dinamizada no horário regular das aulas da disciplina de Matemática com nove alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental que participavam do Projeto Escolar “Vigilantes do Preço”. Sob a perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa os protocolos gerados pelas dez questões da tarefa foram apreciados a partir dos princípios da análise de conteúdo a fim de identificar entendimentos matemáticos e não-matemáticos. Dentre os resultados matemáticos observaram-se indícios sobre custo médio, tratamento da informação e índice de inflação. Além disso, constatou-se a consciência financeira dos alunos a partir dos entendimentos de tomada de decisão diante de um processo inflacionário apresentados no discorrer das questões como resultado não-matemáticos da abordagem realizada num Ambiente de Educação Financeira.
Perfeccionamiento de la estrategia curricular de medio ambiente de la carrera de ciencias farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba.
Authors: Chil Núñez Idelsy , Escalona Arranz Julio César , Molina Bertrán Silvia del Carmen , Dutok Sánchez Carlos Manuel , Arias Ramos Daily , Pérez Rondón Liana , Ochoa Pacheco Ania , Picanço Souto Raimundo Nonato
Published: April 2020

La Educación ambiental se enfoca en los aspectos relacionados a cómo continuar el desarrollo al mismo tiempo que se protege, preserva y conserva los sistemas de soporte vital del planeta. Para poder garantizar el enfoque sistémico y multidisciplinario de los aspectos relacionados con este tipo de educación es imprescindible realizar en los colectivos, actividades metodológicas para establecer un sistema para la enseñanza de sus diferentes métodos, instrumentos y metodología que permitan lograr una mayor preparación de los estudiantes en la solución a los problemas de su esfera profesional. Es por ello que el objetivo del presente trabajo es perfeccionar la Estrategia de Medio Ambiente de la Carrera de Ciencias Farmacéuticas desde el enfoque Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad en aspectos relacionados con investigaciones realizadas sobre el uso de insecticidas de menor riesgo para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Como punto de partida, se tomó el desarrollo de insecticidas botánicos a partir de plantas medicinales, que es una de las líneas de investigación del Departamento de Farmacia de la Universidad de Oriente, que evalúa la eficacia de diferentes plantas del Oriente de Cuba para el control alternativo de moscas y mosquitos de importancia médico-sanitaria, demostrando la efectividad y no toxicidad de estos extractos vegetales, representando estas sustancias un método alternativo eficaz. Se revisó la Estrategia Curricular de Medio Ambiente de la Carrera y se incluyeron en estas actividades relacionadas con las investigaciones realizadas sobre el uso de insecticidas ecológicos en seis asignaturas pertenecientes tanto al currículo base como optativo.
Acceleration Analysis of 3DOF Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Nigatu Hassen , Singh Ajit Pal , Seid Solomon
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a new approach to the velocity and acceleration analyses 3DOF parallel manipulators. Building on the definition of the ‘acceleration motor’, the forward and inverse velocity and acceleration equations are formulated such that the relevant analysis can be integrated under a unified framework that is based on the generalized Jacobian. A new Hessian matrix of serial kinematic chains (or limbs) is developed in an explicit and compact form using Lie brackets. This idea is then extended to cover parallel manipulators by considering the loop closure constraints. A 3- PRS parallel manipulator with coupled translational and rotational motion capabilities is analyzed to illustrate the generality and effectiveness of this approach.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA ASUH IBU DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI PAUD BUDI ASIH TALAGA MAJALENGKA
Authors: Kartikasari Anggit , Indrayani Indrayani , Safitri Al Fanny Gustiani
Published: April 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 2015 5-25% anak prasekolah menderita disfungsi otak minor, termasuk gangguan perkembangan motorik halus. Masa prasekolah merupakan masa kritis terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu pola asuh orang tua. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh ibu dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak prasekolah di PAUD Budi Asih Talaga Majalengka tahun 2019.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan menggunakan data primer, jumlah sampel sebanyak 42 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling yaitu seluruh ibu yang mempunyai anak yang sedang sekolah di PAUD Budi Asih Talaga Majalengka, analisa data menggunakan rank spearman.

Hasil analisis univariat sebagian besar ibu menerapkan pola asuh demokratis sebanyak 69%, pertumbuhan anak dengan gizi baik sebanyak 83,3% dan perkembangan anak normal sebanyak 90,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh ibu dengan pertumbuhan anak prasekolah dengan nilai p =0,000 dan perkembangan anak prasekolah dengan nilai p =0,002.

Kesimpulan hasil penelitian pola asuh orang tua berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak prasekolah. Diharapkan ibu dapat meningkatkan pengetahuannya dalam mengasuh anak, disamping memberikan stimulasi untuk mencapai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal anak agar pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak berhasil sesuai dengan harapan.
ANALISIS PERILAKU HYGIENE MENSTRUASI MELALUI HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM) PADA SISWI SMP DI JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Effendi Luqman , Khotimah Nurul
Published: April 2020

Keluhan pada organ reproduksi yang sering terjadi adalah Pruritus vulvae yaitu ditandai dengan adanya sensasi gatal parah dari alat kelamin perempuan. Pruritus vulvae disebabkan oleh jamur, bakteri dan virus yang muncul 44% karena buruknya Personal Hygiene dan Hygiene Menstruasi. Penelitian Tahun 2015 di 4 wilayah di Indonesia yaitu di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Jawa Timur, Papua, dan Sulawesi Selatan terkait kebersihan saat menstruasi menemukan 67% remaja di kota dan 41% remaja di desa masih adanya perilaku negatif. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku hygiene menstruasi melalui Health Belief Model (HBM).

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif  dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 101 siswi SMPN 244 di Jakarta Utara, dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan chi square.

Perilaku Hygiene Menstruasi baik baru dilakukan 55,4% responden. Perilaku Hygiene Menstruasi berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pengetahuan (OR=5,1), perceived threat (OR=3,9) dan perceived benefit (OR=3,3) dengan P Value < 0.005.

Health Belief Model (HBM) bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu pendekatan dalam upaya memperbaiki perilaku hygiene menstruasi pada remaja. Peningkatan pengetahuan direkomendasikan dengan menekankan pada ancaman penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perilaku hygiene menstruasi dan manfaat-manfaat yang langsung dirasakan oleh remaja berkenaan dengan perilaku higiene menstruasi.
HUBUNGAN PERAN KADER KESEHATAN DENGAN STATUS BEBAS JENTIK NYAMUK DI DESA SINDANG JAYA KECAMATAN KERSANA KABUPATEN BREBES TAHUN 2019
Authors: Gunawan Endra , Firmansyah Ronny Suhada , Nugraha Moch Didik
Published: April 2020

Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Kersana Kabupaten Brebes merupakan salah satu kelurahan endemis DBD pada tahun 2018 masih cukup tinggi mencapai 2.9 %, disertai dengan masih rendahnya cakupan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) yang dicapai hanya 87.9 % Mengingat wilayah tersebut merupakan daerah endemis dan KLB DBD, maka peran kader dan puskesmas dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pencegahan DBD di wilayah tersebut sangat diperlukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader kesehatan dengan status bebas jentik nyamuk di Desa Sindang Jaya Kabupaten Brebes.

 Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah warga yang ada di lingkungan Desa Sindang Jaya sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik analisis data dari penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat (chi square).

Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan peran kader kesehatan dengan status bebas jentik nyamuk di Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Kersana Kabupaten Brebes Tahun 2019 dengan ρ value = 0,004 (ρ<0,05). Peran kader kesehatan di Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Kersana Kabupaten Brebes Tahun 2019, berada pada kategori sedang berjumlah 49 orang (49%). Status bebas jentik nyamuk di Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Kersana Kabupaten Brebes 2019, berada pada kategori status bebas jentik nyamuk berjumlah 71 orang (71%).

Penelitian ini memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi tenaga kesehatan bahwa dengan pemberdayaan yang optimal kepada masyarakat terutama peran kader kesehatan menjadi pendukung terwujudnya lingkungan masyarakat yang sehat terutama dalam pencegahan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP KLIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI YAYASAN PRIANGAN CANCER CARE
Authors: Jundiah R. Siti , Widyaningsih Devi , Sumbara Sumbara
Published: April 2020

Kanker payudara akan berdampak pada fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial, maupun lingkungan klien. Dampak tersebut  mempengaruhi kualitas hidup klien kanker payudara  sehingga membutuhkan dukungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kualitas hidup  klien kanker payudara di Yayasan Priangan Cancer Care. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 65 klien kanker payudara. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dukungan sosial dan WHOQOL-BREF untuk kualitas hidup. Analisa data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar (66,2%) klien kanker payudara mendapatkan dukungan sosial dan sebagian besar (69,2%) klien kanker payudara memiliki kualitas hidup baik. Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kualitas hidup klien kanker payudara di Yayasan Priangan Cancer Care (0.000< 0.05). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, diharapkan Yayasan Priangan Cancer Care dapat meningkatkan dukungan kepada klien kanker  dengan memperbanyak program yang melibatkan keikutsertaan keluarga untuk memperkuat  support system yang utama bagi klien sehingga  kualitas hidup pada klien kanker payudara di Jawa Barat meningkat.
Demanslı Parkinson Hastalarının Bakım Verenlerinde Cinsiyete Göre Yalnızlık, Ağrı ve Anksiyete Düzeylerinin Psikometrik Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KURT GÖK Duygu , GÜLTEKİN Murat , EKİNCİ Ayten
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Parkinson hastalığı seyrinde hastaların üçte birinde demans görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak bakım veren yükünde artış meydana gelmektedir. Bakım verenlerde sıklıkla görülen yalnızlık, kişide depresyon, anksiyete ve somatik ağrı gibi zihinsel ve fiziksel ek risk faktörlerinin gelişmesine zemin hazırlar. Bu çalışmadaki amaç; Parkinson Demansı bakım verenlerinin günlük yaşamlarındaki yalnızlık düzeyini ortaya koymak ve bu düzeyin zihinsel (bellek) ve fiziksel (ağrı) yakınmalarıyla ilişkisini belirlemektir.Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 48 Parkinson demansı bakımveren dahil edildi. Parkinson demansı hastalarının bakım verenlerine UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HAD), Öznel Bellek Yakınması Anketi (ÖBYA), Vizuel Analog Skala (VAS) ve Mini Mental Durum Değerlendirme Testi (MMDD) uygulandı.Bulgular: Bakım verenlerin yaş ortalaması 58.5 olup %68’i kadın cinsiyette idi. Bakım verenlerin büyük çoğunluğunun hastaların eşleri ve daha az oranda da çocukları olduğu görüldü. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kadın cinsiyetteki bakım verenlerin ağrı ve anksiyete düzeyi, erkek cinsiyetteki bakım verenlerden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu. Hastaların MMDD puanları ile bakım verenlerin yalnızlık düzeyi ve bakım verme süresi arasında negatif yönde korelasyon belirlendi.Sonuç: Parkinson demansı bakım verenlerinin büyük çoğunluğunu kadın aile bireyleri oluşturmaktadır. Kadın bakım verenlerde somatik ağrı yakınmaları daha fazla görülmekte ve daha yoğun anksiyete yaşamaktadır. Ayrıca hastalarda demans düzeyinin ilerlemesiyle bakım verenlerin yalnızlık düzeyi artmaktadır.