bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predict the incidence of Guillain Barré Syndrome and arbovirus infection in Mexico, 2014–2019
Authors: Arriaga-Nieto Lumumba , Hernández-Bautista Porfirio Felipe , Vallejos-Parás Alfonso , Grajales-Muñiz Concepción , Rojas-Mendoza Teresita , Cabrera-Gaytán David Alejandro , Grijalva-Otero Israel , Cacho-Díaz Bernardo , Jaimes-Betancourt Leticia , Padilla-Velazquez Rosario , Valle-Alvarado Gabriel , Perez-Andrade Yadira , Ovalle-Luna Oscar David , Rivera-Mahey Mónica
Published: March 2022

The Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infections have been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). GBS has an estimated lethality of 4% to 8%, even with effective treatment. Mexico is considered a hyperendemic country for DENV due to the circulation of four serotypes, and the ZIKV and CHIKV viruses have also been circulating in the country. The objective of this study was to predict the number of GBS cases in relation to the cumulative incidence of ZIKV / DENV / CHIKV in Mexico from 2014 to 2019. A six-year time series ecological study was carried out from GBS cases registered in the Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Epidemiological Surveillance System (ESS), and DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV estimated cases from cases registered in the epidemiological vector-borne diseases surveillance system. The results shows that the incidence of GBS in Mexico is positively correlated with DENV and ZIKV. For every 1,000 estimated DENV cases, 1.45 GBS cases occurred on average, and for every 1,000 estimated ZIKV cases, 1.93 GBS cases occurred on average. A negative correlation between GBS and CHIKV estimated cases was found. The increase in the incidence of GBS cases in Mexico can be predicted by observing DENV and ZIKV cases through the epidemiological surveillance systems. These results can be useful in public health by providing the opportunity to improve capacities for the prevention of arbovirus diseases and for the timely procurement of supplies for the treatment of GBS.
Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection
Authors: Tan Beesan , Opoku Nicholas , Attah Simon K. , Awadzi Kwablah , Kuesel Annette C. , Lazdins-Helds Janis , Rayner Craig , Ryg-Cornejo Victoria , Sullivan Mark , Fleckenstein Lawrence
Published: March 2022

Background

Onchocerciasis (“river blindness”), is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted to humans through repeated bites by infective blackflies of the genus Simulium. Moxidectin was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for the treatment of onchocerciasis in people at least 12 years of age. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered moxidectin in 18- to 60-year-old men and women infected with Onchocerca volvulus were investigated in a single-center, ivermectin-controlled, double-blind, randomized, single-ascending-dose, ascending severity of infection study in Ghana.

Methodology/Principal findings

Participants were randomized to either a single dose of 2, 4 or 8 mg moxidectin or ivermectin. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected prior to dosing and at intervals up to 12 months post-dose from 33 and 34 individuals treated with 2 and 4 mg moxidectin, respectively and up to 18 months post-dose from 31 individuals treated with 8 mg moxidectin. Moxidectin plasma concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Moxidectin plasma AUC0-∞ (2 mg: 26.7–31.7 days*ng/mL, 4 mg: 39.1–60.0 days*ng/mL, 8 mg: 99.5–129.0 days*ng/mL) and Cmax (2mg, 16.2 to17.3 ng/mL, 4 mg: 33.4 to 35.0 ng/mL, 8 mg: 55.7 to 74.4 ng/mL) were dose-proportional and independent of severity of infection. Maximum plasma concentrations were achieved 4 hours after drug administration. The mean terminal half-lives of moxidectin were 20.6, 17.7, and 23.3 days at the 2, 4 and 8 mg dose levels, respectively.

Conclusion/Significance

We found no relationship between severity of infection (mild, moderate or severe) and exposure parameters (AUC0-∞ and Cmax), T1/2 and Tmax for moxidectin. Tmax, volume of distribution (V/F) and oral clearance (CL/F) are similar to those in healthy volunteers from Europe. From a pharmacokinetic perspective, moxidectin is an attractive long-acting therapeutic option for the treatment of human onchocerciasis.
Development of amyloid beta gold nanorod aggregates as optoacoustic probes
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud G. , Davies Hannah A. , Sharkey Jack , Lévy Raphaël , Madine Jillian
Published: March 2022

Propagation of small amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates (or seeds) has been suggested as a potential mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Monitoring the propagation of Aβ seeds in an organism would enable testing of this hypothesis and, if confirmed, provide mechanistic insights. This requires a contrast agent for long-term tracking of the seeds. Gold nanorods combine several attractive features for this challenging task, in particular, their strong absorbance in the infrared (enabling optoacoustic imaging) and the availability of several established protocols for surface functionalisation. In this work, polymer-coated gold nanorods were conjugated with anti-Aβ antibodies and attached to pre-formed Aβ seeds. The resulting complexes were characterised for their optical properties by UV/Vis spectroscopy and multispectral optoacoustic tomography. The complexes retained their biophysical properties, i.e. their ability to seed Aβ fibril formation. They remained stable in biological media for at least 2 days and showed no toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells up to 1.5 nM and 6 μM of gold nanorods and Aβ seeds, respectively. Taken together, this study describes the first steps in the development of probes for monitoring the spread of Aβ seeds in animal models.
Molecular imaging of humain hair with MeV-SIMS: A case study of cocaine detection and distribution in the hair of a cocaine user
Authors: Jeromel Luka , Ogrinc Nina , Siketić Zdravko , Vavpetič Primož , Rupnik Zdravko , Bučar Klemen , Jenčič Boštjan , Kelemen Mitja , Vencelj Matjaž , Vogel-Mikuš Katarina , Kovač Janez , Heeren Ron M. A. , Flinders Bryn , Cuypers Eva , Barba Žiga , Pelicon Primož
Published: March 2022

Human hair absorbs numerous biomolecules from the body during its growth. This can act as a fingerprint to determine substance intake of an individual, which can be useful in forensic studies. The cocaine concentration profile along the growth axis of hair indicates the time evolution of the metabolic incorporation of cocaine usage. It could be either assessed by chemical extraction and further analysis of hair bundels, or by direct single hair fibre analysis with mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI). Within this work, we analyzed the cocaine distribution in individual hair samples using MeV-SIMS. Unlike conventional surface analysis methods, we demonstrate high yields of nonfragmented molecular ions from the surface of biological materials, resulting in high chemical sensitivity and non-destructive characterisation. Hair samples were prepared by longitudinally cutting along the axis of growth, leaving half-cylindrical shape to access the interior structure of the hair by the probing ion beam, and attached to the silicon wafer. A focused 5.8 MeV 35Cl6+ beam was scanned across the intact, chemically pristine hair structure. A non-fragmented protonated [M+ H]+ cocaine molecular peak at m/z = 304 was detected and localized along the cross-section of the hair. Its intensity exhibits strong fluctuations along the direction of the hair’s growth, with pronounced peaks as narrow as 50 micrometres, corresponding to a metabolic incorporation time of approx. three hours.
Efficient joint noise removal and multi exposure fusion
Authors: Buades Antoni , Lisani Jose Luis , Martorell Onofre
Published: March 2022

Multi-exposure fusion (MEF) is a technique that combines different snapshots of the same scene, captured with different exposure times, into a single image. This combination process (also known as fusion) is performed in such a way that the parts with better exposure of each input image have a stronger influence. Therefore, in the result image all areas are well exposed. In this paper, we propose a new method that performs MEF and noise removal. Rather than denoising each input image individually and then fusing the obtained results, the proposed strategy jointly performs fusion and denoising in the Discrete Cosinus Transform (DCT) domain, which leads to a very efficient algorithm. The method takes advantage of spatio-temporal patch selection and collaborative 3D thresholding. Several experiments show that the obtained results are significantly superior to the existing state of the art.
Accounting for detection probability with overestimation by integrating double monitoring programs over 40 years
Authors: Vallecillo David , Guillemain Matthieu , Authier Matthieu , Bouchard Colin , Cohez Damien , Vialet Emmanuel , Massez Grégoire , Vandewalle Philippe , Champagnon Jocelyn
Published: March 2022

In the context of wildlife population declines, increasing computer power over the last 20 years allowed wildlife managers to apply advanced statistical techniques that has improved population size estimates. However, respecting the assumptions of the models that consider the probability of detection, such asN-mixture models, requires the implementation of a rigorous monitoring protocol with several replicate survey occasions and no double counting that are hardly adaptable to field conditions. When the logistical, economic and ecological constraints are too strong to meet model assumptions, it may be possible to combine data from independent surveys into the modelling framework in order to understand population dynamics more reliably. Here, we present a state-space model with an error process modelled on the log scale to evaluate wintering waterfowl numbers in the Camargue, southern France, while taking a conditional probability of detection into consideration. Conditional probability of detection corresponds to estimation of a detection probability index, which is not a true probability of detection, but rather conditional on the difference to a particular baseline. The large number of sites (wetlands within the Camargue delta) and years monitored (44) provide significant information to combine both terrestrial and aerial surveys (which constituted spatially and temporally replicated counts) to estimate a conditional probability of detection, while accounting for false-positive counting errors and changes in observers over the study period. The model estimates abundance indices of wintering Common Teal, Mallard and Common Coot, all species abundant in the area. We found that raw counts were underestimated compared to the predicted population size. The model-based data integration approach as described here seems like a promising solution that takes advantage of as much as possible of the data collected from several methods when the logistic constraints do not allow the implementation of a permanent monitoring and analysis protocol that takes into account the detectability of individuals.
Flow in contemporary musicians: Individual differences in flow proneness, anxiety, and emotional intelligence
Authors: Rakei Amy , Tan Jasmine , Bhattacharya Joydeep
Published: March 2022

Flow is a highly focussed state of consciousness that is rewarding, fulfilling, and sought after by many, especially musicians. It is characterised by exceptional levels of concentration, loss of self-consciousness, and competent control over one’s actions. Several personality and non-cognitive traits have been positively linked with flow proneness, such as emotional intelligence; however, anxiety is thought to be the antithesis of flow, yet the relationship between trait anxiety and flow proneness in musicians is not adequately characterised. This study investigated the individual differences in flow proneness in contemporary musicians (N= 664), focusing on the interaction of trait anxiety and emotional intelligence. We identified a significant negative correlation between trait anxiety and flow. Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with flow proneness and negatively with trait anxiety. Moderation analysis revealed a difference in the relationship between trait anxiety and flow depending on the level of emotional intelligence; there was no correlation in those with low emotional intelligence, whereas a strong negative relationship was found in those with high emotional intelligence. Finally, hierarchical regression indicated that musical training was the most substantial predictor of all the tested variables and that trait anxiety did not add any predictive power on top of the known predictors. Altogether, this study provided new insights into the possible disruption of flow proneness linked to high anxiety and low emotional intelligence in contemporary musicians.
Autophagy characteristics and establishment of autophagy prognostic models in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhubei , Xiong Hui , Shen Hao , You Qingsheng
Published: March 2022

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which makes up the majority of lung cancers, remains one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. It has a poor prognosis due to its late detection and lack of response to chemoradiaiton. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new prognostic marker.

Methods

We evaluated biological function and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients from TCGA and GEO databases between different clusters based on autophagy related hub genes. Autophagy scores were used to assess the degree of autophagy in each individual by using component analysis.

Results

Three different clusters were obtained. Gene set variation analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and survive analysis showed differences among these three clusters. We demonstrated that the autophagy score of each patient could predict tumor stage and prognosis. Patients with a high autophagy score had a better prognosis, higher immune infiltration, and were more sensitive to immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy.

Conclusion

It was uncovered that autophagy played an irreplaceable role in NSCLC. Quantified autophagy scores for each NSCLC patient would help guide effective treatment strategies.
Cyclooxygenase production of PGE2 promotes phagocyte control of A. fumigatus hyphal growth in larval zebrafish
Authors: Thrikawala Savini , Niu Mengyao , Keller Nancy P. , Rosowski Emily E.
Published: March 2022

Invasive aspergillosis is a common opportunistic infection, causing >50% mortality in infected immunocompromised patients. The specific molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system that prevent pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent individuals are not fully understood. Here, we used a zebrafish larva-Aspergillus infection model to identify cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme signaling as one mechanism that promotes host survival. Larvae exposed to the pan-COX inhibitor indomethacin succumb to infection at a significantly higher rate than control larvae. COX signaling is both macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated. However, indomethacin treatment has no effect on phagocyte recruitment. Instead, COX signaling promotes phagocyte-mediated inhibition of germination and invasive hyphal growth. Increased germination and invasive hyphal growth is also observed in infected F0 crispant larvae with mutations in genes encoding for COX enzymes (ptgs2a/b). Protective COX-mediated signaling requires the receptor EP2 and exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) rescues indomethacin-induced decreased immune control of fungal growth. Collectively, we find that COX signaling activates the PGE2-EP2 pathway to increase control A. fumigatus hyphal growth by phagocytes in zebrafish larvae.
Hematological indices and their correlation with glucose control parameters in a prediabetic rat model
Authors: Krisnamurti Desak Gede Budi , Purwaningsih Erni H. , Tarigan Tri Juli Edi , Soetikno Vivian , Louisa Melva
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Chronic hyperglycemia in prediabetic individuals would progress to diabetes and lead to several systemic disruptions, including hematological parameters. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between prediabetes and hematological indices in a prediabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were randomly divided into two groups of nine. Prediabetes was induced in nine rats by a 3-week high-fat and high-glucose diet, followed by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection (30 mg/ kg body weight). The oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels were measured 72 h after STZ administration. The control group of nine rats was given standard diets. At the end of the 3rd week, the animals fasted overnight before blood collection. Blood samples were drawn and used for the analysis of the FBG and fasting insulin levels and glycated albumin to define prediabetes criteria before hematology analysis. Results: We found a significant increase in the FBG and insulin levels in the prediabetic versus the control group. There were decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels and red cell distribution in prediabetic rats versus the control. At the same time, a significant increase in the platelet count was observed in the prediabetic group. There was a positive correlation between FBG and lymphocytes and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in prediabetic rats. On the other hand, we found a negative correlation between white blood cell count and glycated albumin. Conclusion: Correlations were found in several hematological parameters in the prediabetic rat models. The changes in hematological indices in prediabetic rats may be further used as a valuable indicator of glycemic control.
An assessment of knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse by small-scale broiler farmers in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Efendi Rusman , Sudarnika Etih , Wibawan I. Wayan Teguh , Purnawarman Trioso
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotics are often overused and misused by broiler farmers. Moreover, this practice may lead to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics may be used for various purposes such as therapy, prophylaxis, flushing, and growth promoters. The study aimed to examine the association of knowledge and attitudes with antibiotics used by broiler farmers.

Materials and Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. The data were obtained from interviewing 132 farmers' households in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. The outcome variable was antibiotic use, whereas the independent variables included knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic resistance. The statistical analysis used a t-test and correlation test.

Results: A total of 78% of broilers farmers use antibiotics, and most of the farmers used antibiotics for flushing and prophylaxis. Furthermore, antibiotic use was associated with broiler farmers' knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance. However, there is no significant correlation between the duration of antibiotics use and their knowledge and attitude.

Conclusion: The use of antibiotics in broilers is still high in Bogor, and most of the used antibiotics belong to the Medically Important Antimicrobial category. In general, the use of antibiotics in broilers is influenced by knowledge.
Body and Mind in Two Discourses on Method
Authors: Boros Gábor
Published: March 2022

The point of departure of my presentation will be the fact that in his monumental History of Autobiography, Georg Misch considered Descartes’ Discourse on Method a fine example of intellectual autobiography.
Yet, the Discourse is a highly complex text far from a simple autobiography. And what is even more, and more disturbing is that for his work, Misch made intensive use of Dilthey’s concept of an autobiography that was meant to capture the sense of “life as narrating itself” laying down the proper, i.e. “objective” foundation for the historical sciences. But how shall we take “sincerity” in this case, which is the distinguishing feature of a real autobiography in the Dilthey-Misch sense?
I will apply a kind of hermeneutic method trying to move back and forth in a double hermeneutic circle: I will take a look at Misch’s whole concept of an autobiography, and at the historical data in Descartes’s life and works presented in Baillet’s The Life of Monsieur Des Cartes in order to understand the autobiographic character of the Discourse moving again from the details to the whole and vice versa. In my view, Descartes’ “history of his intellect” cannot be taken as an autobiography in the Dilthey-Misch sense nor in a usual sense. The body-mind problem will play an important role in my argumentation.
Thyroid Nodules in Children With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Smith Jessica R. , Kamihara Junne , Church Alanna J. , Asch Elizabeth , Cherella Christine E. , Fox Victor L. , Wassner Ari J.
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer is recommended in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid neoplasia in children with FAP.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional study of children with FAP at an academic hospital. Clinical and ultrasound data were analyzed for the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer.

RESULTS:

Of 37 children with FAP, 8 (22%) had thyroid nodules and 2 (5%) had thyroid cancer. Nodules (30%) and cancer (9%) were more common among female subjects and rare among male subjects.

DISCUSSION:

Thyroid ultrasound screening in adolescence may benefit female subjects with FAP but has limited utility in male subjects.
Urban Land Cover/Use Mapping and Change Detection Analysis Using Multi-Temporal Landsat OLI with Lidar-DEM and Derived TPI
Authors: Akumu Clement E. , Dennis Sam
Published: March 2022

The mapping and change detection of land cover and land use are essential for urban management. The aim of this study was to map and monitor the spatial and temporal change in urban land cover and land use in Davidson County, Tennessee in the periods of 2013, 2016, and 2020. The urban
land cover and land use categories were classified and mapped using Random Forest algorithm. A combination of Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite data with Light Detection and Ranging (lidar)-Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and derived Topographic Position Index (TPI) were used in
the classification and monitoring of urban land cover and land use change. The urban land cover and land use types were mapped with average overall accuracies of about 87% in 2020, 85% in 2016 and 2013. The overall accuracy increased by around 8%, 9%, and 6% in 2020, 2016, and 2013 classifications
respectively when lidarDEMand derived TPIwere added to Landsat OLIsatellite data in the classification relative to standalone Landsat OLI. Total change occurred in about 63% of Davidson County between 2016 and 2020 with significant net gains and losses among land cover and land use types.
This information could support land use planning.
An Evaluation of Pan-Sharpening Methods forSuperView-1Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wen Bowen , Zhang Ming , Lan Qiongqiong , Wang Qian
Published: March 2022

At present, little research focuses on the application of pan-sharpening methods to SuperView-1 satellite imagery. There is a lack of suitability assessment for existing pan-sharpening methods applied to SuperView-1 images. This study proposes an evaluation method that integrates visual
evaluation, spectral analysis of typical objects, and quantitative indicators to evaluate the advantages of different pan-sharpening methods in different scenes of SuperView-1 imagery. Four scenes (urban areas, farmland, sparse vegetation, mixed surfaces) are selected to evaluate eight typical
pan-sharpening methods (Brovey, principal component analysis (PCA), Gram-Schmidt (GS), band-dependent spatial-detail (BDSD), high-pass filtering (HPF), smoothing filter-based intensity modulation (SFIM), modulation transfer function-generalized Laplacian
pyramid (MTF-GLP), MTF-GLP-high pass modulation (MTF-GLP-HPM). The results show that the suitability of each pan-sharpening method is different in various scenes. PCA, Brovey, and GS distort the spectral information greatly, and the stability of the pan-sharpening
results in different scenes which are poor. BDSD has strong stability and can better balance the relationship between spectral distortion and spatial distortion in different scenes. The multi-resolution analysis method has better applicability and stability for SuperView-1 imagery,
among which MTF-GLP and MTF-GLP-HPM perform better in the pan-sharpening results. This study provides a reference for the selection of pan-sharpening methods for SuperView-1 imagery in different application fields.
A Federação Escolar de Escoteiros e a Federação Escolar de Bandeirantes: notas para pensar a educação primária na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em finais dos anos 1920
Authors: Silva José Cláudio Sooma , Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: March 2022

Consagrando uma aproximação que já vinha se estabelecendo entre alguns educadores que propugnavam a ideia de “renovação escolar” e as propostas do escotismo, na Reforma da Instrução, aprovada em 1928, tendo Fernando de Azevedo como Diretor Geral, foram criadas a Federação Escolar de Escoteiros e a Federação Escolar de Bandeirantes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Este artigo objetiva analisar alguns pontos de vista e aspectos referentes à operacionalização dessas propostas, utilizando como fontes periódicos e a legislação educacional. Discutimos como a concepção e o funcionamento das Federações se articularam com a compreensão de que a necessidade de organizar, disciplinar e harmonizar o cotidiano citadino deveria corresponder a uma (re)significação dos saberes e práticas da escolarização primária.
Rotinas organizacionais nas decisões de investimento no segmento de E&P da indústria de óleo e gás
Authors: Gandra Rodrigo Mendes , Pinto Junior Helder Queiroz
Published: March 2022

Grande parte da literatura sobre rotinas organizacionais foca na estabilidade e nas alterações das atividades operacionais das organizações.De forma complementar, este trabalho ressalta que as rotinas organizacionais também podem exercer influência sobre os processos de tomada de decisões de investimento nas grandes empresas. Através de revisão da literatura teóricae aplicada, ao realizar a conexão teórica entre as rotinas organizacionais ao conceito de Capacidades Dinâmicas, foi construído um Modelo Teórico de Decisões Amparadas por Rotinas (MTDAR) para se avançar na compreensão de como as empresas podem: construirsuas rotinas organizacionais que, por conseguinte, vão influenciar os processos de tomada de decisões de investimento em novos ativos de capital; e como as rotinas organizacionais podem alterar as próprias rotinas que, como consequência, vão impactar nasdecisões estratégicas de investimento. Por fim, oferece alguns exemplos de macroprocessos utilizados no segmento de Exploração e Produção (E&P) da indústria de óleo e gás.
Psychology of Coloured People: A Critical Note to the Dominance of Euro-American-Oriented Psychology over the Psychology of Non-Western Countries
Authors: Steinmetz Carl H. D.
Published: March 2022

Whether psychology is universally or regionally determined is examined in this article. Implicitly, this question is about the general validity of statements of psychological research, theories and practices (such as testing, therapy, recruitment, etc.). If psychology is culturally and regionally rooted, statements based on psychological research, theory and practice are not universally valid. Moreover, once it is established that psychology is cultural and regional in nature, the underlying question arises: is there a psychology of coloured and white people? The findings of this article are based on a reasoned literature review. First of all, the origins of Western psychology are in broad terms mapped out. In the period between and after the first and second European and Asian World Wars, American and European psychologists made psychology big and important. Psychology had the wind in its sails because the American defence put an immense amount of money into test, social and clinical psychology. This was necessary to be able to select soldiers, maintain an army and take care of veterans. The Americans then used this Psychology to colonise the world (especially the non-Western world). With that, the original psychology from the non-Western world has gone into the 'dustbin'. Only now the non-Western world is rediscovering that their millennia-old psychology needs to be taken out of the ‘dustbin’. That ancient non-Western psychology rooted in philosophy is mapped out in this article for China, India and Africa. The tentative conclusion is that psychology is regionally and culturally determined. We could call this psychology holistic psychology. After all, we humans represent and are humanity as a whole, our ancestors, born and unborn children, gods and spirits, mother earth (fauna and flora) and the cosmos. In this psychology there is also room for spirituality and consciousness. In fact, there is a psychology of and for people of colour anywhere in the world. It is not clear whether this also applies to the research methods.
An 𝐿𝑝-DPG Method with Application to 2D Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Demkowicz Leszek
Published: March 2022

This article summarizes the

L
p

L^{p}

-DPG method presented in [18], where only 1D convection-diffusion problems are solved.
We apply the same computational techniques to 2D convection-diffusion problems and report additional numerical results herein.
Furthermore, we propose an

L
p

L^{p}

-DPG method with variable 𝑝 and illustrate it with numerical experiments.
Generalized nilpotency in uncountable groups
Authors: Ferrara Maria , Trombetti Marco
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of uncountable groups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

whose proper subgroups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

are (bounded) Engel groups. It is proved that such groups are (bounded) Engel groups, provided that they satisfy some generalized solubility condition.
A similar analysis is carried out also for (generalized soluble) uncountable groups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

whose proper subgroups of cardinality

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

are hypercentral. In this case, we get that the whole group is hypercentral provided that the hypercentral lengths of the proper “large” subgroups are not too close to

𝔪

{\mathfrak{m}}

. This generalizes results that have already been obtained for nilpotency.
Finally, as a by-product, we obtain similar results for many other relevant group classes such as that of Gruenberg groups and that of

𝒩
1

{\mathcal{N}_{1}}

-groups.
Differential operators, exact pullback formulas of Eisenstein series, and Laplace transforms
Authors: Ibukiyama Tomoyoshi
Published: March 2022

For a variableZ=(zi⁢j){Z=(z_{ij})}of the Siegel upper half spaceHn{H_{n}}of degreen, put∂Z=(1+δi⁢j2⁢∂∂⁡zi⁢j)1≤i,j≤n{{\partial}_{Z}=(\frac{1+\delta_{ij}}{2}\frac{{\partial}}{{\partial}z_{ij}})_{% 1\leq i,j\leq n}}. For a polynomialP⁢(T){P(T)}in components ofn×n{n\times n}symmetric matrixT, we haveP⁢(∂Z)⁢det⁡(Z)s=det⁡(Z)s⁢Q⁢(Z-1){P({\partial}_{Z})\det(Z)^{s}=\det(Z)^{s}Q(Z^{-1})}for some polynomialQ⁢(T){Q(T)}. We show that the correspondence ofPandQare bijective for mosts, and give a formula ofPfor anyQ. In particular, whenQis a monomial, we show that suchPcorresponds exactly to thedescending basisdeveloped in a joint work with D, Zagier, for which an explicit generating series is known. By using the above results and the generating series, we give an exact formula for differential operators𝔻{{\mathbb{D}}}such that for any Siegel modular formsFof weightk, the restrictionResHn1×Hn2⁢(𝔻⁢F){\mathrm{Res}_{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}}({\mathbb{D}}F)}to the diagonal blocksHn1×Hn2⊂Hn1+n2=Hn{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}\subset H_{n_{1}+n_{2}}=H_{n}}is a vector-valued Siegel modular forms of weightdetk⁡ρ{\det^{k}\rho}, where ρ is a fixed representation ofGLn1⁢(ℂ)×GLn2⁢(ℂ){\mathrm{GL}_{n_{1}}({\mathbb{C}})\times\mathrm{GL}_{n_{2}}({\mathbb{C}})}. These results are applied to give an exact Garrett–Böcherer-type pullback formula for any ρ that describes the restriction of𝔻⁢Ekn{{\mathbb{D}}E_{k}^{n}}toHn1×Hn2{H_{n_{1}}\times H_{n_{2}}}for holomorphic Siegel Eisenstein seriesEkn{E_{k}^{n}}of weightkof degreen.
On the relative opers in dimension one
Authors: Singh Anoop , Upadhyay Abhitosh
Published: March 2022

We investigate the relative opers over the complex analytic family of compact
complex manifolds of relative dimension one. We introduce the notion of relative opers arising from the second fundamental form associated with a relative holomorphic connection. We also investigate the relative differential operators over the complex analytic family of compact complex manifolds whose symbol is the identity automorphism. We show that the set of equivalent relative opers arising from the second fundamental form
is in bijective correspondence with the set of equivalent relative differential operators whose symbol is the identity automorphism.
Perturbation results and forward order law for the Moore–Penrose inverse in rings with involution
Authors: Mihajlović Nadica , Djordjević Dragan S.
Published: March 2022

We investigate perturbations of the Moore–Penrose inverse and forward order law for the Moore–Penrose inverse in rings with involution, and thus we extend some results of Castro–Gonzalez and Hartwig to more general settings.
Disconjugacy and Green’s functions sign for some two-point boundary value problems for fourth order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Manjikashvili Mariam
Published: March 2022

In this paper, for the fourth order linear ordinary differential equation

u

(
4
)

⁢

(
t
)

=

p
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

-

μ
⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

,

u^{(4)}(t)=p(t)u(t)-\mu u(t),

where

p
:

I
→
R

{p:I\to R}

is a Lebesgue integrable function, we study the question of disconjugacy on the interval

[
a
,
b
]

{[a,b]}

, and the problem of the Green’s functions sign for some two-point boundary problems. The optimal sufficient conditions of the disconjugacy and necessary and sufficient conditions of non-negativity (non-positivity) of the Green’s function are found for the mentioned two-point boundary problems.
On interpolation of reflexive variable Lebesgue spaces on which the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator is bounded
Authors: Diening Lars , Karlovych Oleksiy , Shargorodsky Eugene
Published: March 2022

We show that if the Hardy–Littewood maximal operator M is bounded on a
reflexive variable exponent space

L

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

(

ℝ
d

)

{L^{p(\,\cdot\,)}(\mathbb{R}^{d})}

, then for
every

q
∈

(
1
,
∞
)

{q\in(1,\infty)}

, the exponent

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

{p(\,\cdot\,)}

admits, for all sufficiently
small

θ
>
0

{\theta>0}

, the representation

1

p
⁢

(
x
)

=

θ
q

+

1
-
θ

r
⁢

(
x
)

{\frac{1}{p(x)}=\frac{\theta}{q}+\frac{1-\theta}{r(x)}}

,

x
∈

ℝ
d

{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}}

, such that the operator M is bounded on the variable
Lebesgue space

L

r
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

(

ℝ
d

)

{L^{r(\,\cdot\,)}(\mathbb{R}^{d})}

.
This result can be applied for transferring properties like
compactness of linear operators from standard Lebesgue spaces to
variable Lebesgue spaces by using interpolation techniques.
Development of a huge hybrid 3D-printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) incorporated with computer numerical control (CNC) machining for industrial applications
Authors: Lee Jeongsu , Song Jiyoung , Lee Young Chul , Kim Jeong Tae
Published: March 2022

As recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) technology has grown rapidly over the past decades, a wide range of applications in the various field has been proposed. Especially, large-scale 3D printing technology has emerged as one of the most innovative alternatives to the traditional manufacturing process due to its simple, fast, and cost-efficient features. In this article, we proposed a large-scale hybrid manufacturing equipment of the three-dimensional (3D) printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) incorporated with CNC machining. Our manufacturing system is designed to produce a product having dimensions up to 3,000 mm × 4,000 mm × 1,200 mm with an extruder having an extrusion rate of 30 mm·s−1 and nozzle area of 15 mm2 × 15 mm2. We also optimized the operating conditions of our equipment including the shape of the nozzle, the temperature of the heater, and the RPM of the machining tool. The performance of the equipment was confirmed by pilot production via sand-casting. We expect that our hybrid manufacturing system can be widely used to produce various shapes of large-scale mold as a cost-effective alternative to conventional methods in the manufacturing process.
Regression trees and ensembles for cumulative incidence functions
Authors: Cho Youngjoo , Molinaro Annette M. , Hu Chen , Strawderman Robert L.
Published: March 2022

The use of cumulative incidence functions for characterizing the risk of one type of event in the presence of others has become increasingly popular over the past two decades. The problems of modeling, estimation and inference have been treated using parametric, nonparametric and semi-parametric methods. Efforts to develop suitable extensions of machine learning methods, such as regression trees and ensemble methods, have begun comparatively recently. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimating cumulative incidence curves in a competing risks setting using regression trees and associated ensemble estimators. The proposed methods use augmented estimators of the Brier score risk as the primary basis for building and pruning trees, and lead to methods that are easily implemented using existing R packages. Data from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (trial 9410) is used to illustrate these new methods.
Combined Business Tax Statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany – A Micro Data Set for Scientific Use
Authors: Buchner Michael , Eisenmenger Matthias , Hohlweck Corinna , Mödinger Patrizia
Published: March 2022

This article aims to give background information of the combined business tax statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The micro data set includes the different German business tax statistics, which are linked together (i.e. trade tax statistics, corporate income tax statistics, turnover tax statistics, statistics on business partnerships and associations as well as additional information of the statistical business register). With more than three million businesses the micro data set provides linked information on the German business structure and is available in anonymised form for scientific use at the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office.
Brain-based interventions for chronic pain
Authors: Flor Herta , Kuner Rohini
Published: March 2022

Brain circuits involved in pain chronicity shift from areas involved in nociceptive processing to those associated with emotional and motivational processes. They overlap with circuits relevant for anxiety, fear and depression and are characterized by deficient prefrontal control mechanisms. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation directly impact on these circuits and pain. Neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces as well as various types of cognitive and behavioral interventions also alter these circuits. The analysis of brain changes related to pain chronicity helps to mechanistically tailor interventions to patient characteristics, can increase treatment efficacy and efficiency and can identify new treatment approaches.
Development of a Laboratory Testing System to Study the Effect of Frost Heave on a Steel Pile
Authors: Li Liang , Seo Hoyoung , Kim Mintae , Lawson William D.
Published: March 2022

The authors have developed a novel, laboratory-scale testing system to study tangential heave stress acting on a steel pile during frost heave of freezing soils, and this article presents the details of the testing system, experimental procedure, and experimental results. The tangential heave testing system developed in this study consists of (1) an environmental chamber, (2) a frost heave box, (3) a constant-head water supply system, (4) the test soil, (5) the model pile, (6) a data acquisition system, and (7) an imaging system. The model pile and test soil are instrumented with strain gauges, thermocouples, moisture sensors, and displacement gauges to investigate various aspects of pile-ice-soil interactions. Experimental results demonstrate that the newly developed lab-scale testing system successfully simulates heaving of the pile and soil during the soil freezing process and provides a wealth of information on thermo-mechanical behavior of the model pile, particularly for evaluation of tangential heave stress.
Bone phenotypes in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: survey on the MEN1 Florentine database
Authors: Marini Francesca , Giusti Francesca , Iantomasi Teresa , Cioppi Federica , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: March 2022

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare, inherited cancer syndrome characterized by the development of multiple endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. MEN1 patients show a reduction of bone mass and a higher prevalence of early onset osteoporosis, compared to healthy population of the same age, gender, and ethnicity. During the monitoring and follow-up of MEN1 patients, the attention of clinicians is primarily focused on the diagnosis and therapy of tumors, while the assessment of bone health and mineral metabolism is, in many cases, marginally considered. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed bone and mineral metabolism features in a series of MEN1 patients from the MEN1 Florentine database. Biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism and densitometric parameters of bone mass were retrieved from the database and were analyzed based on age ranges and genders of patients and presence/absence of the three main MEN1-related endocrine tumor types. Our evaluation confirmed that patients with a MEN1 diagnosis have a high prevalence of earlyonset osteopenia and osteoporosis, in association with levels of serum and urinary markers of bone turnover higher than the normal reference values, regardless of their different MEN1 tumors. Fifty percent of patients younger than 26 years manifested osteopenia and 8.3% had osteoporosis, in at least one of the measured bone sites. These data suggest the importance of including biochemical and instrumental monitoring of bone metabolism and bone mass in the routine medical evaluation and follow-up of MEN1 patients and MEN1 carriers as important clinical aspects in the management of the syndrome.
Antenatal thyroid hormone therapy and antithyroid drug use in Norway from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Bakken Kjersti S , Nermo Kristina Randjelovic , Nedrebø Bjørn Gunnar , Korevaar Tim I M , Strand Tor A
Published: March 2022

Objective

Thyroid disease during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and suboptimal fetal development. During the last decades, guidelines for diagnosing thyroid disease during pregnancy have changed considerably and there has been increased awareness. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of thyroid disease treatment over time among pregnant women in Norway.

Design

Nationwide register-based study.

Methods

We combined historical data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database, identifying pregnant women using thyroid therapy from 2004 to 2018.

Results

A total of 855,067 pregnancies were included in the analyses. The proportion of women using thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased from 1.46% (n  = 800) in 2004 to 3.57% (n  = 1940) in 2018. The proportion of women using antithyroid medications also increased from 0.04% (n  = 20) in 2004 to 0.10% (n  = 56). During these 15 years, the mean maternal age increased by 0.9 years. When adjusting for age, the risk for being on thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased by an average of 5% per year (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.05–1.05).

Conclusion

During the recent 15 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of thyroid hormone therapy in Norwegian pregnant women. We speculate that this could be due to an increased awareness in combination with overdiagnosis because of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. To truly understand the possible causes and consequences of this development, further research is warranted.
La Peregrinación de San Nicolás. Geografía de una tradición centenaria
Authors: Ivona Antonietta
Published: March 2022

San Nicolás es uno de los santos más conocidos y queridos de la Iglesia cristiana por ser el Santo patrón de niños y jóvenes. El mito de San Nicolás y la ciudad italiana de Bari han sido una pareja inseparable desde hace más de mil años, es decir, desde que en 1087 las reliquias del obispo de Mira fueron trasladadas desde la actual Turquía a la capital de Apulia. Con el tiempo, se ha fortalecido un vínculo profundo entre la ciudad y su patrón, dando vida a una identidad simbiótica. A partir de la evolución histórica del culto, esta reflexión analiza la relación excepcional entre su localización en Bari y su vasta difusión en Oriente y Occidente. El objetivo principal de la propuesta es investigar antiguas y nuevas dinámicas geográficas vinculadas al culto del Santo de Mira y a la peregrinación, cuyos impactos culturales y socioeconómicos continúan caracterizando al territorio.
Las peregrinaciones musulmanas a La Meca vistas por peregrinos cristianos a Tierra Santa (Siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: De la Cruz Víctor de
Published: March 2022

Se pretende en este trabajo ofrecer el peculiar punto de vista de algunos peregrinos cristianos a Tierra Santa que tienen el privilegio de observar los preparativos o el desarrollo de una peregrinación a La Meca. Aunque no es muy frecuente que los libros de peregrinación cristiana recojan descripciones o reflexiones sobre las peregrinaciones musulmanas, la coincidencia de algunos enclaves de las respectivas peregrinaciones permite contar con testimonios como los de Antonio de Aranda, Pedro Escobar Cabeza de Vaca, Juan Ceverio de Vera o Antonio del Castillo, que manifiestan muy gráficamente la valoración “del otro” en circunstancias que en parte son coincidentes y a la vez contrapuestas por razones de religión.