bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Transformations of the Lexeme mentalitet (‘Mentality’) in the Metaphorical Models of the Subject-Predicate Relationship
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Zhukovskaya Larisa
Published: July 2021

This article presents a new stage of the research project on the frontal analysis of conditions and results of contextual actualization of lexemes representing the Russian concept MENTALITET/MENTAL’NOST’ (‘MENTALITY’). Here, the author studied the word mentalitet (‘mentality’) in non-usual subject-predicate combinations. The aim was to analyse semantic transformations of the lexeme mentalitet in the conceptual metaphorical models of reification and animation. L.O. Cherneiko’s method of cognitive interpretation of abstract words and the method of conceptual analysis elaborated by Nizhny Novgorod Conceptological School were applied in the paper. For material the author turned to the Russian National Corpus. The scientific value of the article consists in introducing a new aspect of conceptual analysis, i.e. conceptual metaphorical transformations of the word mentalitet in subject-predicate combinations. The key findings are as follows: 1) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical reification, the lexeme mentalitet is interpreted as a sensually perceived object: a concrete thing, device, mechanism, material (substance); 2) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical animation, mentalitet is perceived as a living, rationally and efficiently acting being endowed with consciousness, emotions and will. The author comes to the conclusion that this borrowed abstract concept has been to a large extent appropriated by the Russian linguistic worldview. The paper makes a sufficient contribution to contemporary cognitively oriented linguoculturological research strategies as well as to the theory and practice of conceptual analysis. The practical value of the article lies in the opportunity to use its main results in journalism and PR projects, as well as in compiling a new type of concept dictionaries and in linguistic examination of media texts.
Virtuality Index: Philosophical Justification
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Elkhova Oksana
Published: July 2021

This article provides a philosophical justification for the concept of virtuality index (VR Index). The use of the index method is the novelty of this research and allows us to consider virtual reality from a new methodological perspective. In the study, VR Index is schematized: in the author’s opinion, it acts as a certain generalized relative indicator that serves to characterize changes in such a phenomenon as virtual reality. The basic components of VR Index are distinguished: immersion, involvement, and interactivity. They can be represented in quantitative and qualitative terms. VR Index can be schematically presented in the following way: VR Index = Im·Inv·Int (where Im – immersion, Inv – involvement, Int – interactivity). For each specific case, the above pattern takes the following form: VR Index = Imm·Invn·Intp (where the coefficients m, n, p > 0). Immersion characterizes the coverage of senses of a person in an artificially created environment. Involvement indicates the rational and the emotional components of a person’s mental sphere. Interactivity, in its turn, determines the user’s interaction with the virtual environment. Each of these components affects the value of VR Index. The author distinguishes two extreme cases: virtual realities with low and high VR Index. Virtual realities with low VR Index involve two main channels of human perception, i.e. vision and hearing, are characterized by minimal user involvement and weak interactivity; the users are well aware of the fact that they are interacting with a simulation of the real world. Virtual realities with high VR Index cover a large number of channels of human perception and have a high level of user involvement and interactivity; for the user, the events of the real and virtual worlds become indistinguishable from each other.
Vaccination vs Microchipping: Triggers of Eschatological Mythology in the Context of Anti-Epidemic Measures
Authors:   The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Prilutskiy Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus epidemic and anti-epidemic measures, such as quarantine restrictions on social activity, wide use of disinfectants, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, as well as changes in church liturgy, rituals and sacraments lead to the creation of medical conspiracy myths. This article analyses two most important conspiracy mythologemes that are formed as a result of a conspiracy interpretation of the epidemic: the vaccination mythologeme and the microchipping mythologeme. The author proceeds from the assumption that modern eschatological conspiracy myths are based on the original non-eschatological myth, which provided a rational non-religious hermeneutics of epidemics. The eschatological version of the vaccinophobic conspiracy myth is formed on the basis of a non-eschatological conspiracy as a result of medical conspiracy theories merging with the modern version of the technophobic myth. The invariant core of the latter consists of mythologemes and mythotheologemes that interpret modern technologies within the framework of eschatological semiotics. As a result of convergence, these mythologemes form a single mythotheological complex, which, in turn, becomes a trigger for a new eschatological mythology. The paper analyses the semantic structure of this mytho-theological complex, its semiotic features, pragmatic potential and reasons for its popularity. The research was carried out within the framework of a semiotic and hermeneutic study of mythological discourse applying the method of categorical semiotics. As illustrations the author used fragments of original texts posted on conspiracy websites devoted to eschatological issues.
Aesthetic Ideas and Concepts of the Hindu Tradition: Specific Features and Analogies
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Sobolev Yuriy
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the main ideas and basic concepts of Hindu aesthetics. The problem area reveals itself in the question of European culture’s perception of Hindu aesthetics. In this connection, the following questions are actualized: what can be considered as original aesthetic conceptions of Hinduism? is it possible to find direct analogies in other cultures? how relevant and correct is the conceptual apparatus describing various aesthetic phenomena? what is the role of the religious thought in the proposed aesthetic context? Proceeding from the historical and cultural position of aesthetic knowledge as it is presented in the European tradition, key approaches to the phenomenon of the aesthetic are shown, with the ideas of classical German philosophy – the cradle of aesthetic science (A. Baumgarten, I. Kant) – at the centre. The marked heterogeneity of aesthetic knowledge indicates its problematic status in the European historical-philosophical discourse and at the same time allows one to see, against its background, the harmonious place of aesthetics in Hindu culture. It mainly concerns the peculiarities of religious and worldview systems. Further, the paper studies the similarities and differences between the theoretical and ritual ideas and practices in Christianity and Hinduism. In particular, what they have in common is the importance of “threshold people” – liminal personae – in the spiritual life of society. Among the radical differences is the natural embedding of aesthetics in the religious system of India, while for European aesthetics, the religious world is just one of the spheres of the aesthetic. Using the method of comparative text analysis with reference to leading Russian orientalists and foreign researchers (V. Shokhin, D. Zilberman, E. Torchinov, R. Guénon, N. Gupta), the author takes a number of concepts as an example to demonstrate identity of religious and aesthetic ideas in Hindu and European cultures, as well as a possibility of mutual “cultural translation” of such basic concepts as aesthetics, the aesthetic, rasa and bhava.
The environmental Risk Factors Significant to Anopheles Species Vector Mosquito Profusion, P.falciparum, P.vivax Parasite Development, and Malaria Transmission, Using Remote Sensing and Gis: Review Article
Authors: M.Palaniyandi
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of spatial distribution and the seasonal variation of malaria epidemics in India have beenmost significantly determined by the environmental variables including climate, landscape, and the manmade factors. The risk factors are acting as decisive factors on the development of Anopheles genusmosquitoes. The landscape environments (slope, altitude, land use / land covers), human settlementsproximity to permanent water bodies of mosquito breeding habitats (lake, pool, streams, rivers, tanks etc),agricultural wet rice cultivation land, land use dynamics, population density, urbanization, increase of manwater resource projects. The coefficient model of climate determinants (rainfall and temperature) with themosquito abundance are highly associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) valuederived from multispectral satellite data, and is useful in the assess the ground situation of Anophelinemalaria vector mosquito larval abundance 7 days in advance in the wet irrigation rice fields using remotelysensed data. The result of logistic regression model provides the spatial agreement between the observedand predicted values of larval index within buffer zones 2.5 KM around the trap location in the wetcultivation rice fields much appropriate for Anopheline vector mosquito breeding. However, transmissionof Plasmodium vivax requires a minimum average temperature 15.0°C and transmission by Plasmodiumfalciparum, requires a minimum average temperature of 19.0°C. The P.vivax vector requires 15 to 25 daysto complete the parasite development cycle within the temperature range between 15°C to 20°C, the relativehumidity for both species requires range between 55% to 80% and its life cycle may be completed within 6to 10 days, if the temperature range remains within 25°C to 30°C. Multivariate analysis could be predictedaccurately the relative abundance of malaria vectors breeding habitats suitability and epidemics. The malariacases in the endemic districts and the relative abundance of the malaria vectors are directly controlled by theclimate variables with >85 % accuracy.
Single versus Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants
Authors: May AlMoshary
Published: July 2021

Background: A number of alternatives has been proposed, including umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT),in patients who do not matched donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, thereare conflicting results regarding the role of the two units UCBT (dUCBT) compared to single unit (sUCBT).The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of dUCBT versus sUCBTin patients without suitable HLA-matched donorMaterial and Methods: We performed an electronic search in the following bibliographic databases: Medlinevia PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).Both prospective and retrospective studies which compared sUBCT and dUBCT were included. Data wereanalysed using RevMan version 5.3 for windows.Results: The present review included 12eligible studies. The overall effect estimates did not favour eitherof the two groups in terms of neutrophil engraftment (OR =0.92, 95% CI [0.71, 1.19]; p =0.52), palatalsengraftment (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.79, 1.53]; p =0.59), relapse rates (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [0.82, 2.09]; p=0.26) 5-year disease-free survival (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.59, 1.28]; p =0.49), and 5-year overall survival(OR Figure.6). However, the overall effect estimates favoured sUCBT group over the dUCBT group in termof the incidence of grade 2-4 GVHD (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.45, 0.97]; p =0.03).Conclusion: In conclusion both sUCBT and dUCBT have comparable results in terms of engraftmentsuccess, relapse rates, transplant-related mortality, and overall survival. However, dUCBT is associated withhigher risk of acute GVHD which further limit any potential advantages of the dUCBT.
A Comparative Study on Effect of IFT and Conventional Exercises Versus ICT And Conventional Exercises in Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Minal Dhairya Bhavsar
Published: July 2021

Background And Purpose:-Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spinethat affects the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of the neck. IFT and ICT are used in patients withcervical spondylosis. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of IFT and ICT in patients withcervical spondylosis.Methods:-30 patients with cervical spondylosis were divided into group A and group B.Group A patients were given IFT plus conventional exercises while group B patients were given ICT plusconventional exercises. Pain ( visual analogue scale) were recorded before and after the treatmentConclusion:-When the results were analyzed using “T- test” it shows that there is significant effect of IFTplus conventional exercises on pain compared to ICT plus conventional exercises.
The Impact of WIFA Program on Haemoglobin Concentration of Stunted and Non-Stunted Female Students and Factors Affecting Haemoglobin Concentrationin Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nadhea Alriessyanne Hindarta  , Hadi Riyadi  , Ali Khomsan
Published: July 2021

Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem occurs on adolescents that have risk to develop into anemia.This is known as co-occurrence anemia-stunting (CAS). Stunted adolescents have significantly lowerhaemoglobin level than non-stunted adolescents. The Weekly Iron Folid Acid Supplementation (WIFA)is one of government programs to resolve stunting problem by preventing anemia and/or CAS. This studyaimed to analyze impact ofWIFA supplementation on haemoglobin concentrationfrom stunted and nonstuntedfemale students as well as factors affecting haemoglobin concentration.Methods: This study applied a cross sectional design. The subjectswere 66 female studentsdividedintostunted group and non-stunted group. Subjects were selected using a simple random samplingtechnique. The data takenwerebody weight and height, anemia and WIFA knowledge, compliance of WIFAconsumption,dietary diversity, andhaemoglobin concentration. Dietary diversity was obtained by 2x24 hoursrecall by employingWDDS questionnaire. Thedifference and correlation test were used to analyse the data.Conclusions: There was no significant different haemoglobin concentration of both group and there werenocorrelation between affected factors with haemoglobin concentrationwhich could be caused by haemoglobinconcentration on normalcategory at the beginning of WIFA program and good quality diet that could promotehaemoglobin production.
Correction of the Anxiety Level of Students at the Physical Training Classes Using a Complex of Health-Improving Practices
Authors: Postol Olga  , Shchadilova Irina
Published: July 2021

Background: Modern life realities in the developed countries presuppose an attentive attitude to humanhealth, and the success of the dynamic development of society greatly depends on the health of young people.It is them who will have to identify and solve global issues regarding transformation and developmentof the state and society in the future. Great difficulties can arise with a change in the teaching time andregime for students of higher educational institutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, having moved fromclassrooms to isolated flats or houses, students were left without a direct, open opportunity to communicatewith their peer sand teachers. They had to spend a lot of time at a computer and lead a passive lifestyle,having dramatically changed their usual conditions to self-isolation.Methodology: The current study has been conducted using methods of pedagogical observation, aquestionnaire and an online testing. The experimental platform for the study was the physical training (PT)classes at the Russian University of Transport in Moscow. The pedagogical experiment was conducted fromSeptember 2019 till May 2020.Results: The conducted online testing has shown a significant decline in the indicators of anxiety in theexperimental group (P <0.01) compared with the control group. The results of the current study showedthat the students of the experimental group, being trained according to the methodology developed bythe authors of the current paper, significantly reduced the indicators of situational anxiety on 32.3%, andpersonal anxiety on 33.3%. The indicators of situational and personal anxiety among students of the controlgroup were moderate (mean).Conclusions: The effect of the combination of volleyball and oriental health-improving practices on thepsycho-emotional state of a person allowed students to reduce the indicators of their situational and generalanxiety, which has confirmed a positive effect of oriental health-improving practices combined with sportsgames on health.
Nutritional Transition in Unindustrialized Countries: Causes and Consequences on Public Health
Authors: Md Shahedul Islam  , Nusrat Jahan Jhily  , Rakibul Hasan  , Nusrat Parvin  , Mohammad Ariful Islam  , Imam Hossain  , Khalesa Akter
Published: July 2021

Background: Unlike the double burden of malnutrition, which has had severe consequences for countriesall over the world, the triple burden of malnutrition is also causing problems. As a consequence, almost allhuman behaviours, such as the degree of human physical activity, dietary patterns, physical characteristicsand disorder are evolving day after day.Methods: We analyzed more than 60 articles and included data and information from 26 correspondingsources. These studies have been carried out in voluminous developed and underdeveloped countries ofAsia, Africa, America and Europe’s.Results: The findings of these studies showed that in underdeveloped countries, human attitudes, dietarypractices, and disease status have been rapidly evolving. In comparison to the previous period, the peopleof these countries are leading more sedentary lifestyles in the present and consume a high-fat, high-sugar,and high-salt diet. As a result, they’ve developed a variety of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity,diabetes, and chronic heart disease.Conclusion: Along with the adverse consequences of nutrition transition in underdeveloped countries,many others have been suffering from malnutrition, causing these countries to endure a double burden.That’s why; all responsible authorities should take and apply necessary steps to tackle this burden as earlyas possible.
Effectiveness of Model based Training on Self-Breast Examination among Reproductive Age Group Women in the Community
Authors: Shivani Rao  , Nidhi Budh  , Abdul Ajees Abdul Salam  , Ciraj Ali Mohammed  , Archita Jain  , Ajay Raj Sethuraman  , Mongjam Meghachandra Singh
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a global disease and is second leading cause of cancer death amongwomen. Timely diagnosis with quick initiation of treatment reduces breast cancer mortality. Therefore, skilldevelopment on Self Breast Examination among the community women is essential.Objectives: To disseminate information about screening method among reproductive age group women incommunity and to provide the skills on breast self-examination.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Urban Health Centre in New Delhi in which104 women participants of age between 15 to 45 years were included in study. Data was collected with thehelp of a predesigned, pre-validated and pretested questionnaire. Participants were educated on breast selfexaminationand technique by using dummy breast model. Pre-Test and Post Test evaluation was done toassess skills on SBE.Result: Two third of participants had never performed SBE. There was improvement in skill acquired byparticipants which revealed a mean Pre-test score of 1.91±2.25 which improved to 6.10±0.33 in Post testscore and it was found to be statistically significant with p<0.001.Conclusion: This study results confirms that there is general lack of knowledge about Self Breast Examination(SBE) among women in the community and also had poor skills on self-breast examination .Hence SelfBreast Examination Module and demonstration of SBE was effective in enabling women in the communitywith knowledge and skills of Self-evaluation of Breast regardless of their level of education.
ARTISTIC PERCEPTION AND RISING IMAGE OF NAVOI
Authors:   Филология фанлари номзоди, доцент, Фарғона давлат университети, G. Muhammadjonova
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the role of the image of a creative person in illuminating the author's ideological and artistic intentions on the example of the great thinker, the sultan of poetic property Alisher Navoi. The development of the image of Navoi in Uzbek literature is studied on the basis of Isajon Sultan's work "Alisher Navoi" and the comparison of novels created before him. The function of poetic methods and means in illuminating the creative human psyche is proved on the basis of artistic analysis.
FUNCTION OF INFORMATIONAL PUBLICIISTICS AND IMAGE (INFORMATION)
Authors:   Мустақил изланувчи, Ўзбекистон журналистика ва оммавий коммуникациялар университети, Madolimov Hasanboy Shuhratovich
Published: July 2021

It is well known that journalism is a unique way of covering social life and is widely used in the press. Journalism is divided into a number of types to cover all aspects of public life. These include socio-political journalism, economic-industrial journalism, journalism reflecting the cultural and spiritual life (there are a number of subtypes, such as scientific journalism, literary journalism, sports journalism, art journalism). There is also a peculiar way of social life, albeit from a socio-political point of view - comic journalism, which illuminates it in a humorous way. In terms of its structure, journalism is divided into informational, analytical and artistic journalism, which depends on how it covers life.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIA VOCABULARY IN IRAN
Authors:   O’qituvchi, Eron-afg’on filologiyasi kafedrasi, Toshkent davlat sharqshunoslik universiteti, Egamberdieva Dilobar Mamarajab kizi
Published: July 2021

The research is aimed at determining the relationship between the scientific and oral discourse of various Iranian television programs and the development of Persian vocabulary in the media before and after the revolution. Colloquial vocabulary (spoken language and sometimes slang) makes up a significant part of the general vocabulary of Iranian television. It differs from oral literature at all linguistic stages. Professor of Moscow State University V. At the 3rd International Symposium of Teachers of Persian Language and Literature Ivanov noted the absence of recommendations for the study of Persian oral speech (2002). He also talked about the importance of Persian language scholars watching Iranian films. But there is a problem: even students studying Persian for 3 years could not understand the speech on the screen. This suggests that you should pay attention to the Persian spoken language, as well as its vocabulary and phraseology.
NEW VIEWS ON DIVIDING WORDS INTO CATEGORIES
Authors:   Senior teacher, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Ibragimova Latofat , Berdibekova Hulkar ,   Senior teacher, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute
Published: July 2021

This article provides information about the initial division of words into two groups, independent and auxiliary words, word combination, sentence, semantic-structure of words, lexeme, word classification. There are two important aspects of words to be considered in morphological classification in word categories.
PHRASEOLOGISMS IN POETIC SPEECH (On the example of the poems of the poet Abdulla Aripov)
Authors:   Magistrant, Buxoro davlat universiteti, Masutova Shakhlo Omonovna
Published: July 2021

Both language and its units have a multifaceted nature. In the mind of the linguist, linguistic units are preserved as a kind of symbol. This can be seen in the analysis of phrases, as in the case of phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, or linguistic patterns. The interior and exterior of linguistic units are inseparable. In the words of F. de Saussure, language is a system of systems. Each unit is a subsystem and performs a specific function. As long as phrases live in the language as a linguistic unit, they will have features such as commonality, essence, possibility, causation, such as phonemes, lexemes, morphemes or models. Phraseological units are complex linguistic units whose expression plan consists of a combination of two or more components. Phraseological units are important as a unit of language that is used in speech on an equal footing with words, expressing ideas in a deep, figurative, sharp, comprehensive way. This article analyzes the use of Uzbek phraseology in poetic speech on the example of the poems of the poet Abdulla Aripov.
CHINA IN THE WORKS OF ALISHER NAVOI
Authors:   Student, Department of Chinese Filology,, Akhmadova Karima Shavkat kizi
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the work of the great poet Alisher Navoi, his contribution to world culture. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between China and Uzbekistan in the cultural sphere based on the work of Alisher Navoi.
METHODS OF IMPROVING LANGUAGE SKILLS USING MEDIA SOFTWARE
Authors:   PhD, доцент Эрон-афғон филологияси кафедраси, Тошкент давлат шарқшунослик университети, Mirzakhmedova Hulkar Vasilovna OrMiHulkar Vasilovna , Omonov Kudratulla Sharipovich ,   Филология фанлари доктори, профессор, Тошкент давлат шарқшунослик университети, Khalmurzaeva Nadira Tashmirzaevna ,   PhD, доцент, Япон филологияси кафедраси, Тошкент давлат шарқшунослик университети
Published: July 2021

Today, fast and high-quality teaching of foreign languages ​​to staff is becoming a daily task. The role of computer and pedagogical software in carrying out this task is invaluable. To this end, the article provides an analysis of the effective methods, advantages and disadvantages of using such pedagogical software tools - Rosetta Stone, Lingualeo, SmartNotebook. It also discusses the normative and legal acts on the teaching of foreign languages, Presidential Decrees and Orders, their practical expression and pedagogical software and their mechanisms of study in foreign languages.
A systems-based framework to computationally describe putative transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating glycan biosynthesis
Authors: Groth Theodore , Gunawan Rudiyanto , Neelamegham Sriram
Published: July 2021

Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification, and glycan biosynthesis is regulated by a set of glycogenes. The role of transcription factors (TFs) in regulating the glycogenes and related glycosylation pathways is largely unknown. In this work, we performed data mining of TF–glycogene relationships from the Cistrome Cancer database (DB), which integrates chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA-Seq data to constitute regulatory relationships. In total, we observed 22,654 potentially significant TF–glycogene relationships, which include interactions involving 526 unique TFs and 341 glycogenes that span 29 the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types. Here, TF–glycogene interactions appeared in clusters or so-called communities, suggesting that changes in single TF expression during both health and disease may affect multiple carbohydrate structures. Upon applying the Fisher’s exact test along with glycogene pathway classification, we identified TFs that may specifically regulate the biosynthesis of individual glycan types. Integration with Reactome DB knowledge provided an avenue to relate cell-signaling pathways to TFs and cellular glycosylation state. Whereas analysis results are presented for all 29 cancer types, specific focus is placed on human luminal and basal breast cancer disease progression. Overall, the article presents a computational approach to describe TF–glycogene relationships, the starting point for experimental system-wide validation.
Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors:   INPLASY, Inc. Delaware, USA, Canellas Joao Vitor , Ritto Fabio ,   University of Oklahoma, USA, Tiwana Paul ,   University of Oklahoma, USA
Published: July 2021

Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).
In the Trenches of the Solar-stellar Connection. IV. Solar Full-disk Scans of C ii, Si iv, and Mg ii by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Authors: Ayres Thomas , De Pontieu Bart , Testa Paola
Published: July 2021

About once a month, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph conducts day-long raster scans of the full Sun in three ultraviolet spectral channels. These full-disk mosaics are valuable in the solar context, but provide a unique connection to the distant, unresolved stars. Here, 10 deep-exposure scans (4–8 s per slit step), collected during the peak and decline of sunspot Cycle 24, were analyzed. Spatial spectra (2″ pixels) of resonance lines of C ii (T ∼ 104 K), Si iv (8 × 104 K), and Mg ii (8 × 103 K) were fitted with a pseudo-Gaussian model to track the emission strengths, widths, and shifts in the various surface features that comprise the quiet Sun and active regions. The full-disk mosaic spectra compare well to tracings of solar-twin α Centauri A (HD 128620; G2 V). The contrast between disk-average spectra from cycles MIN and MAX is relatively modest (∼50% in Si iv), but, remarkably, the brightest solar pixels in active regions, at 2″ resolution, exceed the global-average intensities of the most active Sun-like stars, suggesting a deeper solar-stellar connection. Si iv shows a conspicuous bright ring at the limb, whereas optically thicker C ii and Mg ii are suppressed (more so for the latter). The Si iv emission favors the bright knots of the large-scale supergranulation network, while the cooler Mg ii emission is more ubiquitous and C ii intermediate. The non-Gaussian profile of full-disk C iv, similar in formation temperature to Si iv, was previously interpreted as a combination of narrow and broad dynamical components, but the prevalence of the characteristic line shape in the finest resolution spatial pixels of Si iv here provides support for alternative formation scenarios, for example, invoking κ-distributions.
Building Robust Active Galactic Nuclei Mock Catalogs to Unveil Black Hole Evolution and for Survey Planning
Authors: Allevato V. , Shankar F. , Marsden C. , Rasulov U. , Viitanen A. , Georgakakis A. , Ferrara A. , Finoguenov A.
Published: July 2021

The statistical distributions of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), i.e., accreting supermassive black holes (BHs), in mass, space, and time are controlled by a series of key properties, namely, the BH–galaxy scaling relations, Eddington ratio distributions, and fraction of active BH (duty cycle). Shedding light on these properties yields strong constraints on the AGN triggering mechanisms while providing a clear baseline to create useful mock catalogs for the planning of large galaxy surveys. Here we delineate a robust methodology to create mock AGN catalogs built on top of large N-body dark matter simulations via state-of-the-art semiempirical models. We show that by using as independent tests the AGN clustering at fixed X-ray luminosity, galaxy stellar mass, and BH mass, along with the fraction of AGNs in groups and clusters, it is possible to significantly narrow down the choice in the relation between BH mass and host galaxy stellar mass, the duty cycle, and the average Eddington ratio distribution, delivering well-suited constraints to guide cosmological models for the coevolution of BHs and galaxies. Avoiding such a step-by-step methodology inevitably leads to strong degeneracies in the final mock catalogs, severely limiting their usefulness in understanding AGN evolution and in survey planning and testing.
Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Proton Temperature Anisotropy on Proton-beam Instability in the Solar Wind
Authors: Xiang L. , Lee K. H. , Wu D. J. , Yu H. W. , Lee L. C.
Published: July 2021

Solar wind observations have shown that the drift velocity of the proton beam relative to the background proton is of the order of the local Alfvén velocity. The proton-beam instability has been suggested to play an important role in decelerating proton beams. Most existing studies examined the kinetic properties of the proton-beam instability in simple Maxwellian or drift-Maxwellian plasmas. In this paper, we systemically investigate the effects of the proton temperature anisotropy on the growth rates of proton-beam instabilities using linear Vlasov equations and the nonlinear evolution of these instabilities at different propagation angles using 1D and 2D hybrid simulations. The results show that the real frequencies, growth rates, and threshold conditions strongly depend on the proton temperature anisotropy

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Toward Precision Cosmology with Improved PNLF Distances Using VLT-MUSEI. Methodology and Tests
Authors: Roth Martin M. , Jacoby George H. , Ciardullo Robin , Davis Brian D. , Chase Owen , Weilbacher Peter M.
Published: July 2021

The [O iii] λ5007 planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) is an established distance indicator that has been used for more than 30 yr to measure the distances of galaxies out to ∼15 Mpc. With the advent of the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope (MUSE) as an efficient wide-field integral-field spectrograph, the PNLF method is due for a renaissance, as the spatial and spectral information contained in the instrument’s data cubes provides many advantages over classical narrowband imaging. Here we use archival MUSE data to explore the potential of a novel differential emission-line filter (DELF) technique to produce spectrophotometry that is more accurate and more sensitive than other methods. We show that DELF analyses are superior to classical techniques in high surface brightness regions of galaxies, and we validate the method both through simulations and via the analysis of data from two early-type galaxies (NGC 1380 and NGC 474) and one late-type spiral (NGC 628). We demonstrate that with adaptive optics support or under excellent seeing conditions, the technique is capable of producing precision (≲0.05 mag) [O iii] photometry out to distances of 40 Mpc while providing discrimination between planetary nebulae and other emission-line objects such as H ii regions, supernova remnants, and background galaxies. These capabilities enable us to use MUSE to measure precise PNLF distances beyond the reach of Cepheids and the tip of the red giant branch method and become an additional tool for constraining the local value of the Hubble constant.
The Korean Hypertension Cohort study: design and baseline characteristics
Authors: Lee Hae-Young , Lee Ju-Yeon , Shin Ho-Gyun , Cho Song-Hee , Park Kyun-Ik , Oh Gyu-Chul , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kim Hogon , Lee Hee-Sun , Kim Kwang-Il , Kang Si-Hyuck , Lee Jang Hoon , Jang Se Yong , Lee Ju-Hee , Kim Kye Hun , Cho Jae Yeong , Park Jae-Hyeong , Jang Jieun , Park Sue K. , Bak Jean Kyung
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: Hypertension (HT) has a significant impact on public health and medical expenses. However, HT is a chronic disease that requires the long-term follow-up of a large number of patients.Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) study aimed to develop a model for calculating cardiovascular risk in HT patients by linking and utilizing the detailed clinical and longitudinal data from hospitals and the national health insurance claim database, respectively. This cohort had a planned sample size of over 11,000 HT patients and 100,000 non-HT controls. Eligible patients were hypertensive patients, who were presenting for the first time and were diagnosed with HT as a main disease from 2006 to 2011. Long-term survival data over a period of approximately 9 years were obtained from the national health insurance claim and national health examination data.Results: This cohort enrolled 11,083 patients with HT. The mean age was 58.87 ± 11.5 years, 50.5% were male, and 31.4% were never-treated HT. Of the enrolled patients, 32.9% and 37.7% belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. Initial blood pressures were 149.4 ± 18.5/88.5 ± 12.5 mmHg. During the 2 years hospital data follow-up period, blood pressures lowered to 130.8 ± 14.1/78.0 ± 9.7 mmHg with 1.9 ± 1.0 tablet doses of antihypertensive medication. Cardiovascular events occurred in 7.5% of the overall patients; 8.5%, 8.8%, and 4.7% in the high, moderate, and low risk patients, respectively.Conclusions: The KHC study has provided important information on the long-term outcomes of HT patients according to the blood pressure, comorbid diseases, medication, and adherence, as well as health behaviors and health resource use.
La révolution circulaire du Groupe SEB
Authors: Tronchon Joël
Published: July 2021

Dans les années 2000, confronté au risque de voir ses marchés envahis par des produits low cost, le Groupe SEB choisit de fabriquer des produits de qualité qui durent. La conception des produits est revue pour les rendre facilement démontables. Une politique de diffusion à prix coûtant des pièces de rechange pendant plus de dix ans est mise en place, ainsi que des partenariats avec des réparateurs. Le Groupe se lance ensuite dans une politique de partage des objets. Préoccupations éthiques et économiques vont ici de pair !
Saverglass : du verrier en faillite au leader mondial en trente ans
Authors: Quentin de Gromard Loïc
Published: July 2021

Créée en 1897, la petite verrerie de Feuquières frôle la disparition en 1984. Loïc Quentin de Gromard en prend alors la tête et fait le pari pertinent d’une stratégie reposant sur le développement du marché premium des vins et spiritueux. Grâce à une politique d’investissement audacieuse, il construit le leader mondial de la bouteille de luxe, disposant d’un effectif de 3 600 personnes réparties dans ses six usines de France, des Émirats arabes unis et du Mexique et affichant une croissance annuelle de 10 % pendant trente années.
Vers la construction d’un instrument de prévention des inégalités de genre : une analyse structurale des représentations sociales dans la filiale française d’une multinationale du secteur de l’ingénierie
Authors: Vuilmet Angélique , Baret Christophe
Published: July 2021

Comment expliquer la persistance des inégalités professionnelles entre les femmes et les hommes malgré l’ensemble des mesures et des dispositifs mis en place dans les entreprises ? Dans cet article, nous proposons de mobiliser la théorie des représentations sociales (RS), et plus spécifiquement celle de leur structuration en distinguant les éléments du noyau central inamovibles des éléments périphériques plus plastiques. Nous expliquons en quoi les tentatives de changement des stéréotypes de genre peuvent s’avérer vaines et proposons d’adopter une approche plus globale intégrant l’ensemble des composants des RS dont nous mettons en évidence la pertinence à travers les résultats d’une étude menée dans une entreprise multinationale du secteur de l’ingénierie. Quatre méthodes de recueil et d’analyse des données ont été mobilisées : le réseau d’association de De Rosa (1995, 2003), la technique de substitution de Guimelli et Deschamps (2000), le test d’indépendance au contexte de Lo Monaco et Guimelli (2008) et enfin l’analyse prototypique de Vergès (1992). L’apport principal de notre recherche réside dans la construction d’un nouvel instrument de prévention des inégalités de genre permettant la création de pratiques sur-mesure en s’appuyant sur l’analyse du contenu et de la structure des RS.
Edible insect processing pathways and implementation of emerging technologies
Authors: Ojha S. , Bußler S. , Psarianos M. , Rossi G. , Schlüter O.K.
Published: July 2021

The processing of insects is paramount to deliver safe and high quality raw materials, ingredients and products for large-scale food and feed applications. Depending upon the nature of the initial material and the desired end product, the processing pathways vary and may include several unit operations currently already used in food and feed processing. Insect processing pathways can involve harvesting, pre-processing, decontamination, further processing, packaging and storage. Several traditional and industrial decontamination methods have been proposed for edible insects, which include smoking, drying, blanching/boiling, marination, cooking, steaming, toasting and their combinations. Further processing steps are employed to produce insect meal, insect flour or extracted insect fractions. Each operation will have a different impact on the chemical and microbiological properties of the final product. Novel food processing technologies (e.g. high pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultrasound and cold plasma) have shown potential to modify, complement or replace the conventional processing steps in insect processing. These technologies have been tested for microbial decontamination, enzyme inactivation, drying and extraction. Further, these are considered to be environmentally friendly and may be implemented for versatile applications to improve the processing efficiency, safety and quality of insect based products. Future research focuses in insect processing are development of efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost processes; waste minimisation and incorporation of by-products/co-products.
Performance of black soldier fly frass fertiliser on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, nutritional quality, and economic returns
Authors: Tanga C.M. , Beesigamukama D. , Kassie M. , Egonyu P.J. , Ghemoh Changeh J. , Nkoba Kiatoko , Subramanian S. , Anyega A.O. , Ekesi S.
Published: July 2021

Although the black soldier fly frass fertiliser (BSFFF) is globally recognised as a promising and potential high-quality organic fertiliser, there is inadequate information on its impact on the growth performance and nutritional status of maize. Furthermore, no information exist on their combination with mineral fertiliser (NPK) as well as economic impact on maize production. This study evaluated the comparative impact of BSFFF, NPK and commercial organic fertiliser (Evergrow®) on growth, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, nutritional quality, and profitability of maize under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included: (1) sole application of BSFFF, conventional compost of brewers’ spent grain (BSG), Evergrow, and NPK at rates equivalent to 100 kg nitrogen (N) per hectare; (2) BSFFF and BSG combined with NPK so that each fertiliser supplies 50% of the N required; and (3) the control (unamended soil). Our findings revealed that BSFFF increased maize grain yield at higher rates: 2-25, 25-113 and 153-212% than NPK, BSG and Evergrow, respectively. Similarly, the BSF frass application led to higher maize growth and yield than the control treatment. The agronomic N use efficiency of maize grown using BSFFF was 2 and 3 times higher compared to that of BSG and Evergrow, respectively. Maize grown using BSFFF and NPK had higher crude protein and crude fibre content compared to the other treatments. The net income generated from the commercialisation of maize grown using a combination of BSFFF and NPK was 2, 163 and 173% higher than those achieved using sole NPK, mixture of BSG and NPK, and sole BSFFF, respectively. Our results imply that developing and promoting BSFFF alone or in integration with NPK can enhance the food security and livelihoods of smallholders, while safeguarding planetary health.
Inclusion of typical Mexican ingredients in canned escamoles (Liometopum apiculatum): thermophysical and physicochemical properties
Authors: Reyes-Hernández M. , Ruiz-Cabrera M.A. , Álvarez-Salas C. , De Anda-Salazar A. , González-Suarez L. , la Rosa A.P Barba-de , Reyes-Agüero J.A. , Grajales-Lagunes A.
Published: July 2021

Escamoles are the larvae of the antLiometopum apiculatum and have been consumed in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times. Currently, they are one of the most consumed insects in Mexico because of their organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. Escamoles are rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidic acid, as well as vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. Escamoles, however, have a shelf life of five days at 4 °C. Canning is an alternative process for increasing their shelf life and creating new products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to include traditional Mexican food ingredients for creating new canned escamoles products, as well as to determine and validate the canning time. Four canned escamoles products were obtained according to an official Mexican regulation using the following ingredients: mole, adobo, butter, Mexican mix, and tamarind sauce. Cylindrical cans with a diameter of 68 mm and height of 76 mm were used in all experiments. The sterilisation process was performed with saturated steam at 121 °C. The process time was calculated with a graphic method and validated by a microbiological test. Additionally, thermophysical properties, chemical composition, lipid oxidation, structural changes, and sensory evaluation were determined after the canning process. The process time (P<0.05) of products varied between 13 to 38 min. The microbiological tests were negative in all experiments. The chemical composition and thermophysical properties of products (P<0.05) were dependent on the ingredient used. The escamoles structure remained intact after the canning process. The hedonic scale for escamoles in the Mexican mix and in butter was 5.0, equivalent to ‘like slightly’. For the products in mole and tamarind sauce, the score was 4.0, meaning ‘neither like nor dislike’. The inclusion of Mexican gastronomic ingredients in canned escamoles allowed designing new products without damaging the nutritional and sensory characteristics of escamoles.