bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DANÇAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: CORPO, EXPRESSÃO E LINGUAGENS
Authors: Sousa João Victor Moraes Lima , Silva Daniella Spindola Rodrigues
Published: July 2024

O Estágio Supervisionado é de extrema relevência para graduando de cursos de Licenciatura, vista que colabora no processo de formação e na construção de identidade docente, em virtude das experiências proporcionadas aos estudantes, aliando conhecimentos teóricos difundidos na Universidade, aos práticos vivenciados no ambiente escolar. O presente relato tem o objetivo de destacar reflexões obtidas durante o período prático de Estágio Supervisionado, a partir do conteúdo “danças contemporâneas”, ministrado para 30 alunos da 3ª série do Ensino Médio. O conteúdo faz parte da proposta pedagógica do Currículo do Piauí, e foi desenvolvido por meio de atividades de cunho teórico e prático, planejadas e selecionadas de forma lógica e pedagogicamente organizadas. O trabalho permitiu, ainda, identificar fatores relacionados a práxis pedagógica no conteúdo de dança, e fatores relacionados a sua pouca recorrencia nas aulas de Educação Física.
Overview of the Medical Waste Management System by Health Human Resources (SDK) at the Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City in 2024
Authors: Ainun Afifah  , Fajrina Hidayati  , Hendra Dhermawan Sitanggang  , Dwi Noerjoedianto  , Fitria Eka Putri
Published: July 2024

According to the Jambi City Health Service Profile in 2021-2022, Putri Ayu Health Center is one of the inpatient health centers in Jambi City which is also acontributes the largest amount of medical waste with the amount of waste is 615 kg out of a total of 7804.1 kg of medical waste from health centers in Jambi City, so it has the potential to spread disease if medical waste is not managed properly. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained from 8 informants by conducting in-depth interviews and observations in May 2023 - April 2024 using qualitative research data analysis software. In the input aspect (1) Human Resources in the quantity aspect are sufficient, while the qualifications are not appropriate because they come from general administration. (2) Facilities and infrastructure are not sufficient and if there is damage, goods will be procured and reported to envinronmental health authority. Meanwhile, in the process aspect (3) Sorting is carried out by each waste producing poly unit by labeling the type of waste, date and poly, (4) The container used at the Putri Ayu Public Health Center meets the standards of Minister of Health Regulation Number 18 of 2020 (5) Transportation is carried out more than once every 2 days by PT Anggrek (6). Storage is carried out at TPS with a time span of 2-3 days at the latest. There are still input aspects that do not comply with standards (in the case of this research, namely the quality of human resources) causing disruption to process aspects, such as less than optimal management performance in managing medical waste in the container, transport and storage processes.
Antimicrobial Audit and Stewardship Practices among Hospitalised Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Parul ,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Agarwal Krati , Mohanty Aroop , Hada Vivek , Rudadikar Atul R ,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,   Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: July 2024

Background: Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic use leads to misuse, side effects, antimicrobial resistance, and higher costs. This necessitates antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSP) to promote judicious antibiotic use. This study aimed to analyze antibiotic prescription patterns and culture request frequencies in surgical wards and intensive care units (ICU). Methodology: This retrospective study by the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital was undertaken in surgical wards and ICUs. Data on baseline characteristics, antibiotic usage, and culture requests were collected. The microbiology laboratory used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion for antimicrobial testing. An infection control nurse audited antibiotic administration. Results: This retrospective study spanned eight months (June 2023 to January 2024) and included 1018 patients from surgical wards and ICUs. Of the 1018 patients, 83.8% were male, with 52% aged 21-40 years. Confirmed infections were found in 25% of patients, predominantly Gram-negative bacteria (94.2%). The most common organisms were Escherichia coli (72.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.19%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%). Cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics (89.7%). Only 41.5% of antibiotic prescriptions matched culture sensitivity reports, with 58.5% inappropriately prescribed. Hospital stays were under 15 days mostly (86%). Conclusion: Empirical antibiotic use is prevalent, with infrequent culture-based adjustments. Only 41.5% of antibiotics matched culture reports. AMSPs and education on stewardship principles are essential to address inappropriate antimicrobial use.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Medication Errors on Antimicrobials in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India
Authors: Sharma Riya ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India, Juneja Shivani , Saini Deepak , Singh Kulvir ,   Department of Pharmacology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India,   Department of Pharmacology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India,   Department of Pharmacology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
Published: July 2024

Background: Medication errors, resulting from incomplete understanding, pose significant risks to patient safety. Antimicrobial medication error is a global concern further exacerbated by underreporting. This study aims to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial medication errors at a tertiary care medical facility. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted over six months. Antimicrobial medication errors were analyzed and categorized as prescription, transcription, indenting, dispensing, and administration errors. A total of 208 antimicrobial medication errors were analyzed using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) risk index. Results: Among 6,439 medication charts assessed, 558 (9%) medication errors were identified, with antimicrobial errors accounting for 208 (37.2%). Prescription errors were the most prevalent (61%), followed by transcription errors (16%) and administration errors (11%). Dispensing, indenting, and documentation errors occurred at rates of 8%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. The primary causes of errors were incorrect doses (47.2%) and frequencies (30%). Approximately 55.3% of antimicrobial medication errors were classified as Category C according to the NCCMERP risk assessment. Conclusion: Prescription errors represent the majority of antimicrobial medication errors, underscoring the need for enhanced vigilance among consultant physicians during prescription writing and drug schedule checks.
Pembelajaran Terintegrasi STEAM berbasis Kearifan Lokal: Strategi Signifikan dalam Meningkatkan 4 Cs di Abad 21
Authors: Naela Khusna Faela Shufa  , Tito Pangesti Adji
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to explain the impact of implementing integrated STEAM learning based on Local Wisdom in improving the 4 Cs in the 21st Century. The research method used is a case study in an elementary school, with data collection through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, as well as analysis of the results. learning before and after implementing STEAM learning. The data in this study were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that integrated STEAM learning based on local wisdom helps elementary school students achieve 21st century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication, with an average increase of over 3,500 in each skill category. Furthermore, contextual learning by integrating local wisdom in learning makes learning more meaningful. The implications of this research provide an important contribution to the development of meaningful learning management in elementary schools to equip students with the skills needed in the future.
Development Intervention and Armed Conflict: Evaluating the PAMANA Program in Davao Region
Authors:   University of Southeastern Philippines, Deluna Jr. Roperto , Lim Maria Lourdes , Ayala Michael , Varquez Christine , Villardo Jesus , Caramugan Karlo Martin , Tagaytay Fe Monique , Niere Eunice , Pondoyo Laurice Cyl , Valledor Gay , Abrigo Michael R.M. ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Published: July 2024

The Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) program plays a crucial role in addressing the root causes of conflict and fostering sustainable peace in the Philippines, particularly in conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable areas. This study evaluates PAMANA’s impact in the Davao Region, focusing on barangays along conflict lines. Using data on insurgency incidence and program investments, the study employs an advanced difference-in-differences (DID) approach to account for PAMANA’s staggered implementation across barangays. Results reveal a significant short-term increase in insurgency incidence in PAMANA areas, indicating that development interventions may provoke resistance from insurgency groups. Long-term trends suggest a general reduction in insurgency beyond the study period, but this cannot be definitively linked to PAMANA without further analysis. The findings highlight the complex dynamics of development interventions in conflict settings. These results underscore the importance of adaptive implementation strategies and provide valuable insights for policymakers designing peacebuilding efforts in regions affected by protracted conflict.
A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF A MEDICAL TEXTBOOK IN VIETNAM - PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: Lam Quang Dong , Pham Bich Ngoc
Published: July 2024

Visual images in textbooks can stimulate students’ interest and encourage them to learn language in more critical and creative ways (Canning-Wilson, 1999). As a natural requirement of the field, medical textbooks contain a variety of visual images, but they seem to have received little attention from textbook developers in Vietnam possibly due to both a lack of awareness and research. Therefore, the study attempts to explore the visual elements in a medical textbook in use in the country, analyze their functions as well as their appropriateness for pedagogical purposes. This paper presents preliminary findings from the qualitative analysis of the yielded results couched with Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (2006) Visual Grammar framework to primarily identify three metafunctions of visual elements in the medical textbook. The study is believed to give pedagogical benefits to both teachers and students, and suggest practical improvement to critical aspects of the visual images, which is ultimately useful to developers of medical textbooks in particular, and other textbooks in general.
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE PROTOTYPE STRUCTURES
Authors: Nguyen Thi Nhung
Published: July 2024

Categorisation is a central issue in Cognitive Linguistics, which is argued to be one of the primary principles of conceptual and linguistic organisation (Croft & Cruse, 2004). Classical categorisation and the prototype theory are two general approaches to categorisation. Since the classical categorisation approach was claimed to have certain drawbacks, most linguists working within the experimentalist mode of explanation use prototype categorisation as their primary way to account for their data. However, is the way people categorise items around them consistent across different cultures? This paper attempts to shed light on the answer to this question by comparing the prototype structures of four categories - bird, furniture, fruit, and vehicle - between English and Vietnamese. In order to find out the similarities and differences, the questionnaire data from 92 Vietnamese participants were collected to survey their rating of the goodness of exemplars. The data were then analysed by Google Form and compared to the available data from English respondents in the previous study of Rosch and Mervis (1975). Results revealed that the prototype structures were similar and different across the two cultures. That is why the teaching and learning of vocabulary should take into account cultural sensitivity.
Cloud Computing Technology In Public Library System: An Overview
Authors: Chitransh Dixit  , Dr. Kanchan lata Dixit  , Dr. Chandra Kumar Dixit  , Dr. Praveen Kumar Pandey
Published: July 2024

The present paper describes concept of cloud computing . Its Modal Advantage Of Cloud computing information & communication   technology impact positively on library service & day by day change its service  scenario know information It should be repacked and knowledge becomes information when it is externalized i.e. put into the process of communication . The paper has suggested / listed the importance & characteristics of the ICT in (LIS) library information service 7 component of cloud computing benefits & drawback of the technology . Cloud computing is an excellent alternative for educational institutions which are especially under budget shortage in order to operate their information systems effectively without spending any more capital for the computers & network device . Cloud computing brings the revolutionary changes in the words of information & communication technology because of its potential benefits . Such as reduced cost , accessible any where any time , as well its elasticity & flexibility
THE TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF LIBRARIES IN DRIVING THE PARADIGM SHIFT THROUGH THE NEW EDUCATION POLICY
Authors: Chitransh Dixit  , Dr. Kanchan lata Dixit  , Dr. Chandra Kumar Dixit  , Dr. Praveen Kumar Pandey
Published: July 2024

“This paper explores the transformative role of libraries in driving the paradigm shift through the New Education Policy 2020. Libraries have evolved from traditional repositories of books into dynamic spaces that foster exploration, collaboration, and lifelong learning. They play a crucial role in providing equitable access to resources, promoting literacy and education, embracing technology, and fostering community engagement. Libraries are uniquely positioned to support the goals and objectives outlined in the New Education Policy, making them indispensable allies in shaping the future of education. The NEP emphasises the need of collaborative education, and theatre is an effective tool for achieving this goal. Through case studies and examples, this paper also highlights the transformative potential of libraries in driving the paradigm shift through the new education policy.”
Ludicidade: uma possibilidade de prática pedagógica no fundamental i de uma escola municipal
Authors: Lima Ingridda Mota Araújo
Published: July 2024

Vários estudos vêm sendo feitos em relação a infância, surgindo novas concepções relacionadas ao crescimento e progresso da criança, essencialmente a maneira como ela constrói seu conhecimento. É nesse âmbito que a ludicidade se inclui tendo como objetivo a promoção espontânea, atividades de caráter didático-pedagógico que proporcionam a criança o desenvolvimento em amplos sentidos. Esse artigo tem como objetivo pesquisar sobre o uso da ludicidade como recurso pedagógico para a aprendizagem no ensino fundamental. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com professores do fundamental I, essencialmente do 1°ao 3° ano do ensino fundamental, que compõem o primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental, foram feitas revisões bibliográficas de artigos científicos, livros e dados publicados, para corroborar com esta pesquisa. A ludicidade tem sido vista de forma positiva, como um importante estímulo no desenvolvimento da criança em todas as suas capacidades, através de incentivo e direcionamento, a ludicidade torna-se uma ferramenta poderosa para ajudar, auxiliar e facilitar o desenvolvimento das competências, habilidades motoras, e fixação da aprendizagem das crianças. Notou-se que as professoras sabem da importância do uso de atividades lúdicas, no entanto no dia a dia da sala de aula ainda utilizam pouco essa prática, retificam sua importância, mas muitas vezes acabam se prendendo a atividades repetitivas e exercícios monótonos, isso acaba prejudicando o processo ensino aprendizagem, porque através das atividades lúdicas as crianças tem uma aprendizagem mais rápida e eficaz.
La ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, integral para la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación, y el despido por enfermedad
Authors: Goñi Sein José Luis
Published: July 2024

La ley incorpora, entre otras nuevas causas y tipos de discriminación, la enfermedad, que no era una condición protegida por el art.14 CE a menos que fuera considerada como enfermedad estigmatizante o asimilable a la discapacidad. A partir de ahora se convierte en causa específica de discriminación per se, pudiendo motivar la declaración de nulidad del despido. No obstante, no se excluye el legítimo ejercicio de la acción extintiva del empleador si concurren en el supuesto limitaciones objetivas que impidan al trabajador realizar las funciones esenciales del puesto, pudiendo en ese caso no resultar discriminatorio, aunque deberían ponderarse previamente las posibilidades de una acomodación razonable.
Recensión del libro de Antonio Baylos Grau: “Deslocalizaciones de empresas y despidos colectivos”. Ed. Bomarzo, Albacete 2022
Authors: Rentero Jover Jesús
Published: July 2024

Nos encontramos ante una monografía que debe de considerarse esencial, de una de las cabezas más preclaras del laboralismo europeo y obviamente, español, que ayuda a entender, no solo el presente del sistema interno de relaciones laborales, sino también, su posible diseño futuro, claramente engarzado con el avatar comunitario. Todo ello, bajo una perspectiva concreta, que tiene sin embargo un mayor alcance de generalidad, de dos temas que están íntimamente entrelazados, como son el de las deslocalizaciones empresariales, en sus diversas posibilidades -con o sin cambio de instalaciones (véase el actual caso Ferrovial)-, y la consecuencia que generalmente suele venir adherida a las mismas, de la existencia, en mayor o menor alcance cuantitativo, de la decisión empresarial de acordar despidos colectivos (u otras medidas de menor rigidez).
La consolidación del principio de igualdad de retribución a través de medidas de transparencia retributiva y los mecanismos para su cumplimiento: la Directiva (UE) 2023/970
Authors: Moraru Gratiela-Florentina
Published: July 2024

Los logros de la Directiva 2006/54/CE en lo que respecta la eliminación de la discriminación directa e indirecta por razón de sexo en el conjunto de los elementos de la retribución no se han visto completamente alcanzados, hecho debido a la escasa transparencia retributiva, la inseguridad jurídica del concepto “trabajo de igual valor” y los farragosos procedimientos para su reivindicación. La imperiosa urgencia de enmendar estos aspectos es patente debiendo reforzarse la aplicación del principio de igualdad de retribución y erradicarse la discriminación retributiva directa e indirecta, cometido al que responde la Directiva (UE) 2023/970.
Recensión del libro de Gallego Moya, Fermín "La extinción del contrato de trabajo doméstico." Agencia Estatal BOE. Colección de Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social, núm. 19, Madrid, 2023, 235 pág.
Authors: Arias Domínguez Ángel
Published: July 2024

El libro del Profesor Gallego Moya es muy meritorio. No sólo por la temática tratada, sino también por lo bien que está redactado. La exposición de sus argumentaciones transita con suavidad, con ritmo, incluso, delicadamente, con finura, sin agresividad, sin repeticiones innecesarias de los argumentos 'fuerza'...
Todos los ojos puestos en Bruselas: las claves de la futura directiva sobre diligencia debida en materia de sostenibilidad empresarial
Authors: Márquez Carrasco Carmen
Published: July 2024

En el contexto de la globalización de las cadenas de valor, la futura Directiva de la UE sobre diligencia debida en materia de sostenibilidad empresarial (CSDDD) tendrá implicaciones considerables para las empresas y los titulares de derechos humanos fuera de la Unión. La futura norma transformará los estándares internacionales de soft law sobre diligencia debida fundamentada en el riesgo para los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente en hard law, tanto para las empresas activas en la UE, como también para las empresas situadas a lo largo de sus cadenas de suministro mundiales. A la vista de la relevancia y los desafíos que suscita la respuesta de la UE a la dimensión transnacional del problema, este trabajo presenta y analiza los elementos clave del proyecto de Directiva en la coyuntura actual del procedimiento legislativo en curso.
Conducta empresarial responsable en situaciones de conflicto armado: la noción de debida diligencia reforzada en materia de derechos humanos
Authors: Íñigo Álvarez Laura
Published: July 2024

Las actividades y operaciones empresariales podrían estar asociadas con los conflictos armados y con las partes en conflicto de diferentes formas y, en consecuencia, las empresas deberían evitar contribuir a impactos negativos en esas áreas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar los marcos de empresas y derechos humanos aplicables en situaciones de conflicto armados con especial atención a los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos y las recientes directrices proporcionadas por el Grupo de Trabajo de la ONU sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, el PNUD y la ACNUDH. El artículo aborda la importancia de la noción de diligencia debida reforzada en materia de derechos humanos en esos escenarios, dónde y cuándo debe implementarse, así como la decisión de retirarse y sus consecuencias.
El derecho a un medio ambiente limpio, saludable y sostenible y los litigios estratégicos. ¿Qué repercusiones tiene para las empresas?
Authors: Cerofolini Andrea
Published: July 2024

Con la Resolución 76/300 de 2022, la Asamblea General de la ONU reconoció el derecho a un medio ambiente sano como un derecho humano. La acción de la ONU se encuadra en un contexto mundial en el que los Estados y las empresas son cada vez más objeto de demandas judiciales dirigidas a conseguir que se comprometan a mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar qué repercusiones puede tener para las empresas el reconocimiento del derecho humano a un medio ambiente limpio, sano y sostenible y qué papel puede desempeñar en las controversias climáticas contra las empresas.
Exploring Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Saraswathi V  , Rakshana V
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite current treatment strategies focusing on glycemic control and renin-angiotensin system blockade, these approaches merely delay the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and are associated with potential adverse effects. Recent advancements in our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of CKD have unveiled various unique processes contributing to its development, including vascular alterations, podocyte and renal epithelial cell loss, matrix deposition, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. This comprehensive review critically evaluates novel therapeutic approaches targeting these distinct pathways implicated in CKD pathogenesis. Strategies discussed include endothelial glycocalyx restoration, endothelin receptor antagonists, anti-apoptotic and podocyte regeneration therapies, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, mitochondria-targeted therapies, anti-fibrotic agents, and interventions targeting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results for many of these approaches, their translation to clinical settings has been challenging due to safety concerns, lack of efficacy in trials, and the heterogeneity of CKD pathogenesis. The review highlights the importance of identifying appropriate patient populations, developing precision medicine strategies, exploring combination therapies, and leveraging novel drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine approaches to overcome current obstacles and improve therapeutic outcomes for CKD patients
Kawasaki Disease in a 5-Year-Old Boy: A Rare Vasculitis Syndrome Presenting with Mucocutaneous Manifestations
Authors: Devyani  , Rinta Vincent  , Subhi Adhikari
Published: July 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare, self-limiting vasculitis predominantly affecting children under the age of five. We report a case of a 5-year-old boy presenting with fever, generalized maculopapular rash, peeling of lips, erythematous oral mucosa, lymphadenopathy, and nail changes. The patient was admitted to the pediatric ward with a 3-day history of low-grade fever, rash, and vomiting episodes. Physical examination revealed bilateral lymphadenopathy in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions. Laboratory investigations showed elevated white blood cell count, neutrophilia, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The antistreptolysin O titer was positive, indicating recent streptococcal infection. Based on the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria, a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was established. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, azithromycin, pantoprazole, and supportive therapy, including paracetamol, antihistamines, zinc, and topical calamine lotion. After 15 days of treatment, the patient showed improvement and was discharged with a planned follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of Kawasaki disease to prevent potential complications, such as coronary artery aneurysms. Increased awareness among pediatricians is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of this rare vasculitis syndrome, especially in developing countries where cases may go undetected
Preparation and Evaluation of Fenticonazole Nitrate Loaded Topical Emulgel for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Mehul P. Bagde  , Dipansu Sahu  , Lalit Chaudhary
Published: July 2024

Fenticonazole nitrate is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent possessing fungicidal, antiparasitic, and fungistatic activities. It is effective against various fungi, including Candida species, dermatophytes, and Trichomonas, which are associated with skin and vaginal infections. Emulgel systems have gained significant attention as topical drug delivery vehicles due to their ability to incorporate a wide range of therapeutic molecules, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. The primary objective of this study was to develop an emulgel formulation of fenticonazole nitrate for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis (cutaneous moniliasis). Conventional emulsions often face stability issues during manufacturing and storage, which can impact drug release patterns. To overcome these challenges, the emulsion was incorporated into a gel base to enhance stability. Emulgels offer significant advantages over traditional and newer vesicular systems, such as improved therapeutic efficacy, higher drug entrapment capacity, better physiological and biological compatibility, and enhanced stability. In this study, the primary oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was prepared using a surfactant and co-surfactant mixture (3:1 ratio) incorporated with light liquid paraffin. After characterization and optimization, the final emulsion batch was mixed with the gelling agent HPMC K4M (1:1 ratio) to obtain the emulgel formulation. The optimized emulgel exhibited optimal drug release and satisfactory results in various evaluation parameters, making it a promising topical delivery system for fenticonazole nitrate in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
Applications and Advancement of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Drug Delivery
Authors: Yuvaraj AR  , Jayadurka J  , Elavarasi E  , Srinivasan R
Published: July 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative additive manufacturing technology that has tremendous potential to revolutionize various aspects of the pharmaceutical industry including drug development, product design, manufacturing and delivery. 3D printing enables precise fabrication of complex drug products with customized compositions and geometries that cannot be produced through conventional processes. It facilitates rapid prototyping thereby accelerating drug development process. 3D printed dosage forms with capability of controlled, delayed and triggered drug release have potential to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. Further, 3D printed personalized medications tailored to individual patient needs hold promise to improve medication accessibility and efficacy. Though 3D printing in pharmaceuticals is still in its infancy, ongoing research efforts aim to address key challenges including regulatory compliance, process optimization, material characterization and scale-up. As the technology advances further, 3D printing is expected to significantly transform pharmaceutical manufacturing by making on-demand, decentralized production a reality
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Antimicrobial Handwash
Authors: Rohini M. Nikam  , Vaishnavi C. Sonar
Published: July 2024

Maintaining hand hygiene and cleanliness is crucial. Instead of relying on chemical agents, we formulated a polyherbal handwash using extracts from herbs with antimicrobial properties. Extracts from neem, turmeric, reetha, lemongrass, orange peel, and glycerin were used to prepare the handwash. The aim was to develop a more hygienic and reliable handwashing routine. The results demonstrated that the handwash prepared with methanol extracts exhibited greater antimicrobial activity compared to existing commercial handwashes. Stability studies showed no color change, phase separation, and the formulation retained its activity. The pH and viscosity were found to be 6.88 and 40-120 mPa.s, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of the developed polyherbal handwash was evaluated against skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli using the dip-well method. The efficacy of the handwash was validated, and the findings were compared with a commercially available handwash. The handwash formulation with lemon juice exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the one without it. The combined action of phytoconstituents from the herbal extracts, known to be devoid of adverse effects on human tissues while promoting hygiene, rendered the desired antimicrobial effect to the polyherbal handwash formulation
An Extensive Analysis of Diseases Associated with Diabetes
Authors: Satyam Mishra  , Pooja Tiwari  , Rubi Yadav  , Pratixa S Patel
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia and a range of clinical neuropathies, as well as microvascular disease of the kidney and eye. Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by persistently elevated blood sugar levels. In both developed and developing nations, the prevalence of the disorder is rapidly spiraling out of control. A major metabolic illness that currently affects over 350 million people worldwide is diabetes mellitus (DM). These metabolic abnormalities are caused by inadequate insulin secretion, resulting in insufficient response and/or insulin resistance of target tissues, primarily the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles, at the level of insulin receptors, signal transduction systems, and/or effector enzymes or genes. Modern lifestyle choices like a diet rich in fat, physical inactivity, and heredity are particularly associated with T2DM. Numerous complications can arise from untreated diabetes. The fundamental role of insulin as an anabolic hormone leads to disturbances in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Our goal in this review is to highlight several issues, cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms, as well as cascades or pathways (polyol, hexosamine, advanced glycation-end product etc.) of events linked to DM-induced hyperglycemia.
Current Trends in Osmotic Pump Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Sravani Sala  , Mounika Sri Singamsetti  , Anil Kumar Vadaga
Published: July 2024

Traditional oral drug delivery methods, which typically release medication immediately, often lead to fluctuations in plasma drug concentration, potentially causing suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and side effects. Osmotic pump drug delivery systems address these issues by providing a controlled release mechanism that ensures a steady and predictable release of the drug over an extended period. This controlled release enhances patient compliance by reducing the frequency of dosing and maintaining uniform blood concentration levels, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Unlike conventional drug delivery methods, osmotic pumps are less influenced by physiological variables within the gastrointestinal tract, making them a reliable and consistent option for controlled drug delivery. These systems operate on the principles of osmosis, utilizing a semipermeable membrane to regulate the influx of water into the drug-containing core, which then generates osmotic pressure to drive the drug out through a delivery orifice. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the principles behind osmotic drug delivery systems, the various types available, their benefits, and the challenges they present. It also highlights the significance of these systems in modern pharmaceutical applications, demonstrating how they represent a significant advancement over traditional methods by optimizing drug release profiles, improving patient adherence, and ultimately enhancing therapeutic outcomes
A Comprehensive Study Involving Comparison of Analgesics for Effective Pain Management in Pancreatitis
Authors: Syed Afzal Uddin Biyabani  , Neelkantreddy Patil  , Syed Raziuddin Faisal  , Mohammed Irfan Ali
Published: July 2024

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas, which serves as both an exocrine organ for food digestion and an endocrine organ for regulating blood sugar levels. The disease is typically accompanied by moderate to severe pain, necessitating the use of analgesics for effective pain management. This research aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various analgesics in alleviating pain associated with pancreatitis. Ultimately, the study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes resulting from different pain management strategies in individuals with pancreatitis. A comparative research study was conducted at Basaveshwara General Hospital in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, over a period of six months, involving 100 patients selected from both general and university hospital settings. The findings revealed that out of 100 patients, 76% were males, and 24% were females affected by pancreatitis. Throughout the study, a total of 164 analgesics were administered, with the highest frequency of potent analgesics prescribed within the age group of 5-46 years. Notably, Nalbuphine emerged as the most commonly prescribed analgesic via the parenteral route, constituting 39% of the total prescriptions. For cases with mild to moderate pain, Paracetamol was the preferred analgesic, accounting for 35.3% of the prescriptions. This research investigates the variations in analgesic prescriptions for pancreatitis pain management, tailoring prescriptions to the severity of pain, with non-opioid analgesics recommended for mild to moderate pain levels
Serum Visfatin in non-obese male normal and coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Naz Shaheena , Khalid Attiqa , Zehra Ijlal , Hamayun Zuniarah , Gill Maria , Lodhi Hifza Noor
Published: July 2024

Background: Mechanism of direct cardioprotective action of visfatin is still unclear. The aim of this study was to detect the serum visfatin concentration in healthy males and compare it with non-obese male patients of coronary artery disease to access the cardioprotective role of visfatin. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, comparative study. Data was collected from July to December 2018 after obtaining informed consent of the subjects. The participants included 20 non-obese healthy males, and non-obese males angiographically confirmed having coronary artery disease. All participants were non-smoker, non-diabetic, and age matched from 35–55 years. Serum visfatin was analyzed using ELISA. Anthropometric measurements including waist circumference, hip circumference, and body mass index was evaluated and correlated with serum visfatin. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-20. The values were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Serum visfatin levels were significantly lower (3.90 ng/ml) in non-obese coronary artery disease group as compared to healthy males (4.85 ng/ml). No significant correlation was found with anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: Significant lower level of serum visfatin in non-obese male coronary artery disease patients depicts its probable cardioprotective role that is independent of anthropometric measurements.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(1):30–2
Association of headache and other attributes to duration of wearing face mask during pandemic COVID -19
Authors: Bai Kavita , Kumar Ramesh , Bhatti Urooj , Rani Keenjhar , Memon Mumtaz Ali
Published: July 2024

Background: Capability of performing work proficiently declines while wearing face mask when related to the while not wearing the mask. Time edge that an activity can be continued is diminished after wearing face masks. This study designed to determine the association of headache with duration of wearing face mask during the pandemic COVID 19. Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative research study conducted by Physiology and Medicine departments, Indus medical college, Tando Muhammad Khan from 07 April 2020 to 07 October 2020.  Health care and non health care professionals wearing face mask included and those, not using facemask, have respiratory or neurological dysfunction or migraine or any disorder or infection causing headache not included.  Data entered and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 20.  Result: Mean age of study population (n=126) was 40.96±7.31 years and among them 68(54.0%) and 58(46.0%) were health and non-health professionals respectively and  94(74.6%) found to be wearing facemask for ?6 hours and 32(25.4%)  for <6 hours. Among study population (n=126), frequency (%) of headache among those wearing face mask for ? 6 hours was 77(81.9%). Frequency of other complaints among face mask users compared with duration of wearing face mask. Among those wearing face mask for ?6 hours, frequency % of hard of hearing, anxiety, palpitation, difficulty breathing, mental fatigue, halitosis and glass fog was 4 (3.2%), 11(8.7%), 6(4.8%), 16(12.7%), 28(22.2%) and 12(9.5%) respectively. Conclusion: There is significant positive association of headache with wearing face mask for longer duration and mostly affected were the health professionals.
Clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Bibi Saima , Abbas Zaheer , Gilani Yasir Hussain , Bibi Shawana , Maqbool Mishal , Anis Salwa
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with neonatal sepsis is associated with worse outcomes. This study was conducted with an aim of developing an insight into the magnitude of this problem in our region. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Neonatology Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital from 1st Jul 2019 to 31st Dec 2019. All neonates diagnosed as cases of neonatal sepsis and having acute kidney injury were included in the study. Patient characteristics were recorded on a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS-20. Results: A total of 115 neonates were included in the study. Among the study population, 75 (65.2%) were male and 40 (34.8%) were female. A total of 77 (67%) patients were diagnosed as having early onset neonatal sepsis and 38 (33%) patients presented with late onset neonatal sepsis. History of delayed cry at birth was present in 57 (49.6%) patients. A total of 83 (72.2%) patients were discharged, 22 (19.1%) patients expired, 4 (3.5%) patients were referred and 6 (5.2%) patients left against medical advice. There was a statistically significant difference in outcome in relation to history of delayed cry (p=0.002) and involvement of other organ systems in addition to AKI (p=0.002). Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is quite prevalent in neonates with sepsis. Asphyxiated newborns with sepsis and AKI are more prone to adverse outcomes.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(1):33–6
COMPARISON OF PLATELET INDICES IN HYPOPRODUCTIVE AND HYPERDESTRUCTIVE THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: Zulfania Zulfania , Hayat Hinna , Mahmood Rashid , Bukhari Ashfaq Ahmad , Ihtesham Yasir , Rasool Umair
Published: July 2024

Background: Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common haematological disorders and is also a life-threatening condition. The two types of thrombocytopenia, hypoproductive and hyperdestructive can best be distinguished by bone marrow examination; but it is an invasive, time-consuming and expensive process. The aim of this study was to determine the role of platelets indices in distinguishing between the two types which is a cost-effective and non-invasive modality of investigations. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Pathology Laboratory, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, conducted from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using WHO formula, and a total of 74 thrombocytopenic patients referred for bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy were included in the study. Clinical record, complete blood count (CBC) and bone marrow trephine biopsy were obtained and computed. Results: Mean Platelet Volume was 10.57±1.33 fl in hypoproductive group and 11.637±1.98 fl in hyperdestructive group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.017). Platelet Distribution Width was 12.68±3.16 fl in hypoproductive group and 14.811±3.61 fl in hyperdestructive group (p=0.014). Platelet Large Cell Ratio was 30.81±9.23% in hypoproductive group and 36.993±10.25% in hyperdestructive group (p=0.010). Conclusion: Platelet indices can be used as a reliable tool for distinguishing between hypoproductive and hyperdestructive thrombocytopenia.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(2):3–6
CORRELATION BETWEEN ANAEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Farid Nayab , Khan Amir , Bashir Sobia , Humayun Sidra , Asmat Sara , Ali Mohsin
Published: July 2024

Background: Thrombocytopenia needs careful attention of the physician for immediate management to avoid complications. Limited local data is available on low platelet count among patients of all age group on diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and correlation of anaemia and liver function tests with thrombocytopenia among patients diagnosed with ALL. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ALL at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Age, gender, presence of anaemia and deranged liver function tests were correlated with low platelet count in patients with ALL. Results A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ALL at the department during the study period were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 15.43±4.756 years. Among these, 64 (71.1%) were male and 26 (28.9%) patients were female. Low platelet count was observed in 41 (45.5%) of the patients while 49 (54.5%) had platelet count within the range. Low haemoglobin levels were strongly related to presence of low platelet count in our target population (p<0.001). Deranged liver functions were not significantly correlated to thrombocytopenia in patients with ALL. Conclusion: Low platelet count was a common finding at the time of diagnosis among patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Presence of anaemia was statistically significantly correlated with presence of low platelet count among the patients at the time of diagnosis of ALL.
Pak J Physil 2021;17(2):7–9
SPECTRUM OF BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19
Authors: Ali Humaira , Nadeem Ali , Alam Junaid Mahmood , Naureen Shazia
Published: July 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives around the globe. In addition to respiratory involvement, multi organ failure has also been noted in these patients. We tried to assess the biochemical abnormalities in these patients to have a better understanding of this disease and its complications. Methods: Adult patients (n=107) who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR were included in this study. Blood was analysed for Urea, Creatinine, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus in Cobas C501 (Roche Diagnostics) using spectrophotometric technology. Sodium, Chloride, Potassium and Bicarbonate were analysed on NOVA electrolyte analyser using ion-selective electrodes. Results: Urea and creatinine were elevated in 33.6% and 22.4% patients respectively. Ferritin and LDH were high in 88.8% and 93.5% patients respectively. Reduced levels of electrolytes was observed , i.e., Sodium in 44.9%, Potassium in 22.4%, Bicarbonate in 53.3%, Calcium in 48.6%, and Phosphorus in 23.4% patients. There were no significant differences in abnormalities in the different age groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients suffer from pulmonary disease as well as multi-organ involvement as seen by the biochemical alterations, and this should be kept in mind while treating these patients.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(2):24–6
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA AND ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AS A CIRCULATORY BIOMARKER: A CROSS-SECTION STUDY
Authors: Qamar Ambreen , Haque Zeba , Zehra Sitwat , Baig Mirza Saifullah
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite reported link between OSA and systemic inflammation, results are indecisive so far for different inflammatory markers to evaluate the casual relation with OSA and its co-morbidities. Objective of this study was to assess the relationship of inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its severity among Pakistani population. Methodology: A total of 180 subjects (55 without apnoea, 33 mild, 34 moderate, and 58 with severe apnoea) were analysed in this cross-sectional study, between Dec 2018 and Jan 2020 in Dow University Hospital, Karachi. Apnoea was confirmed and subjects were grouped on the basis of Apnoea Hypopnea Index (AHI) by overnight Polysomnography. Plasma IL-6 was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way ANOVA was used for comparison. Potential effect of age and BMI was controlled using ANCOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. Results: Mean IL-6 levels were associated with severity of apnoea with 4.72±1.50 pg/ml, 21.08±6.83 pg/ml, 25.41±7.97 pg/ml and 26.96±7.39 pg/ml in no OSA, mild, moderate and severe OSA respectively, with statistically significant difference between all groups except between moderate and severe OSA. After controlling the potential effect of age and BMI still yielded a significant positive association between severity of OSA and IL-6 levels (effect size (partial ?2) of 59% (p<0.001)). Conclusion: Higher Interleukin-6 levels were observed in OSA and associated with its severity. It could provide a feasible method to improve timely diagnosis of OSA and can point toward presence of a more severe clinical phenotype.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(2):15–9