bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focus
Authors: Murphy Mike
Published: October 2017

Reconnecting people and their marine environment is at the heart of our Wild Beach ethos; based on outdoor play and child-led learning. In this article, we explore the many benefits that result from regular time spent beside the sea.
Hidden impact of 30-hour admin
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: October 2017

The government's rushed and unwieldy system for registering for the funded entitlement has caused no end of problems for confused and frustrated parents, but nurseries have also counted the cost.
A changing of the seasons
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: October 2017

Autumn is an exciting time of the year, full of changes in the weather and environment, all of which makes it the perfect time to take children outside to explore the natural world and its climate.
Going outside in all weathers
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: October 2017

Jenni Clarke explores ways to promote healthy habits in the early years. This month's article looks at practical ways you can encourage young children to brave the elements and play outdoors in nature.
Dilemmas in the management of venous thromboembolism in older patients
Authors: Shakeel Musfira , Thachil Jecko
Published: October 2017

Venous thromboembolism most commonly affects older patients. Despite the high incidence in this population, challenges remain in terms of the understanding of its presentation, diagnosis and management. Old age is associated with multi-morbidities which may complicate the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism as signs or symptoms may be attributed to underlying medical conditions. The presence of certain comorbidities (such as congestive cardiac failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) also increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, but could mimic the clinical features of pulmonary embolism. In addition, the physiological processes associated with ageing and factors such as immobility and malignancy, which are more common in older people, will further increase the thrombotic risk. Dilemmas also exist with treatment decisions because of the concomitant increased risk of bleeding, comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty and the risk of falls.
Participatory research. Part 1: Key features and underlying philosophy
Authors: Northway Ruth
Published: October 2017

The potential of participatory research to improve health and wellbeing, particularly within marginalised communities, is increasingly being recognised. Such research is characterised by working with a community, changing the balance of power, a different role for the researcher, active participation of the community at all stages of the research process, the production of ‘useful’ knowledge and a commitment to action. Each of these areas is explored to provide readers with an understanding of both the key features of participatory research and its underlying philosophy.
Amended police powers under the MHA 1983
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: October 2017

Paramedics are frequently called to people with acute mental health problems and often assist in caring for and transporting individuals subject to police powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 , sections 135 and 136. Those powers will change when Chapter 4 of the Policing and Crime Act comes into force this autumn. In this short article featured for World Mental Health Day, Richard Griffith considers the impact of amendments to police powers on paramedic practice under the Mental Health Act 1983 introduced by the Policing and Crime Act 2017 , Part 4, Chapter 4.
ANÁLISE DE CONSUMO NUMA UNIDADE HOTELEIRA NO ALGARVE – PORTUGAL, COM O RECURSO DE FERRAMENTAS DE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Guerreiro Miguel Da Luz , Correia Marisol B. , Sousa Carlos M. R.
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo dotar o setor da hotelaria com dados relevantes para a previsão de vendas, receitas, ocupação e encomendas de stock, com base na análise de uma amostra de clientes de uma unidade hoteleira de quatro estrelas localizada no Algarve - Portugal, constituída pelas quinze nacionalidades com maior taxa de ocupação durante o ano de 2014. Desta forma, pretende-se aferir as preferências dos hóspedes relativamente a consumos nos estabelecimentos de restauração e bebidas, de acordo com a tipologia de quarto, regime de alojamento e agência de viagem/operador turístico, examinando igualmente, utilizando estatística univariada, as despesas com o alojamento e os consumos realizados no ano de 2014. A partir da análise e da interpretação dos resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que, apesar de Portugal ser a nacionalidade com maior número de hóspedes na unidade em 2014, os portugueses despenderam menos do que os germânicos no que toca aos consumos nos estabelecimentos de restauração e bebidas. Todavia, os hóspedes portugueses foram os clientes mais assíduos do Restaurante X no último quadrimestre do ano e terão, efetivamente, efetuado maiores despesas com o alojamento e os respetivos regimes em todo o ano civil.
TURISMO E EDUCAÇÃO: TURISMO NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM ESCOLAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE FORTALEZA NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Fernandes Marcel Waline de Carvalho Ferraz , Pereira Yára Christina Cesário
Published: October 2017

O estudo defende saídas via a educação para melhor entender o turismo no uso de territórios; uso este que passa, necessariamente, pela gestão. Apresenta sete partes da gestão, dentre estas, ajuíza sobre planejamento turístico, reflete sobre território turístico, busca perceber estratégias de aprendizagem para, desde cedo, o educando compreender o turismo no uso de territórios, tendo em vista o entendimento do pertencimento deste sujeito ao lugar dito turístico. Apresenta pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, evidenciando material de apoio pedagógico institucional, recursos didáticos, sobre turismo nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. De noventa recursos em oito encontrou-se referência a turismo. Há um ensino de turismo muito incipiente, com ausência de discussões sobre a identidade do lugar. Não se percebeu atenção no ensino de turismo com a vida familiar e social, trabalho, lazer ou ciência em algumas escolas do Município de Fortaleza no Estado do Ceará. Constata-se um impasse quando do consentimento do fenômeno do turismo, no planejamento do mesmo e em ações de ordenamento territorial devido ao desinteresse de atores pelo tema turismo. A educação é vista, portanto, como a salvaguarda das propostas de maior sensibilização dos atores do turismo para o entendimento do uso amadurecido do território pelo fenômeno do turismo.
DIFICULDADES E DESAFIOS NA APLICAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE TURISMO: UM ESTUDO EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Seixas Eugênia Patrícia de Almeida , Araújo Maria Valéria Pereira de , Brito Max Leandro de Araújo , Fonseca Géssica Fabiely
Published: October 2017

A discussão sobre o ensino de turismo em nível de graduação ainda é emergente no Brasil, principalmente quando enfoca a aplicação de metodologias ativas. Uma metodologia ativa de ensino aprendizagem compreende uma concepção educacional que estimula a aprendizagem em processos de desafios construtivos, que se torna como uma aprender-ação, pois, quanto mais se aprende o que está mais próximo da vida, melhor se torna e isto acaba sendo o ponto de partida para o avanço em processos, desenvolvimentos, inovação e tecnologia, assim criando uma reelaboração de novas práticas. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir sobre as dificuldades e os desafios da aplicação de metodologias ativas no ensino de turismo em instituição de ensino superior. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, compreendendo um estudo de caso de natureza exploratória junto a docentes do curso de graduação em turismo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Os resultados do estudo revelam que existem dificuldade de implementar metodologias ativas no dia a dia. Por fim, o estudo conclui que as dificuldades e os desafios que mais se destacaram na percepção docente dizem respeito a motivar o aluno e a fazer com que ele perceba a contribuição proporcionada pela teoria apresentada em sala de aula na formação profissional.
PERSPECTIVA SISTÊMICA NOS ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS NOS ANAIS DOS SEMINÁRIOS DA ANPTUR
Authors: Rocha Elisângela Da Silva , Costa Leila A. da , Anjos Francisco Antônio dos
Published: October 2017

A abordagem sistêmica vem sendo difundida na área de turismo como uma das principais vertentes utilizadas como base epistemológica para estudos científicos. A utilização de termos relacionados à abordagem sistêmica foi tema de um estudo desenvolvido por Meira, Conceição e Anjos (2015), por meio de um levantamento dos artigos publicados nos anais do seminário da ANPTUR. Tal levantamento serviu de base para este trabalho, oportunizando uma investigação mais aprofundada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a coerência da proposta metodológica no que se refere à abordagem sistêmica como eixo condutor do desenvolvimento da pesquisa nos artigos publicados nos anais dos seminários da ANPTUR. A pesquisa é de caráter descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa quanto à análise de conteúdo. Para desenvolver essa análise, foi proposto um quadro com os seguintes níveis de evidência: baixo, parcial e amplo. Para categorizar cada nível, foram estabelecidos critérios que pudessem retratar a real utilização da abordagem sistêmica nos artigos. A contribuição advinda deste estudo está na proposta de estabelecer relações e parâmetros que possibilitem compreender o processo de construção epistemológica e metodológica da pesquisa em turismo - neste caso, na visão da abordagem sistêmica.
Just in case…
Authors: Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: October 2017

В статье обсуждаются проблемы современной клинической, лабораторной и инструментальной диагностики, в частности проблемы референсных интервалов, высокой распространенности клинически незначимых отклонений, риск выявления которых значительно возрастает при проведении исследований в массовом порядке, без клинических показаний. Разбираются психологические проблемы, которые обусловлены проведением исследований без показаний.
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: state of the art
Authors: Lebedeva Elena A. , Iablonskaia Iuliia A. , Bulgakova Svetlana V.
Published: October 2017

В обзоре представлены данные литературы последних лет о патогенезе, диагностике, лечении амиодарон-индуцированного тиреотоксикоза (АИТ), который является частым осложнением терапии амиодароном (Ам). Описаны изменения секреции и метаболизма тиреоидныхгомонов под влиянием кратковременной и длительной терапии Ам. Развитие АИТ всегда приводит к ухудшению течения аритмии, усугублению недостаточности кровообращения, утяжелению состояния пациента. Выделяют АИТ 1 типа и АИТ 2 типа, а также смешанную форму. Описаны диагностические критерии АИТ 1 и 2 типа. Наиболее информативным тестом для дифференциальной диагностики АИТ 1, 2 типов и смешанных форм является сонография щитовидной железы с допплеровским исследованием кровотока и сканирование с 99mTc-sestaMIBI. Тактика лечения определяется типом АИТ, состоянием сердечно-сосудистой системы, риском повторных аритмий. Консервативное лечение зависит от типа АИТ и осуществляется тиреостатиками или глюкокортикоидами. Обсуждается возможность продолжения антиаритмической терапии Ам у пациентов, перенесших АИТ. При АИТ 1 типа и смешанной форме требуется отмена препарата, если это невозможно – радикальное лечение тиреотоксикоза (радиойодтерапия, тиреоидэктомия). АИТ 2 типа является самолимитирующимся процессом, при жизненно угрожающих аритмиях прием Ам может быть продолжен. Показана эффективность радиойодтерапии для радикального лечения тиреотоксикоза при АИТ 1 и 2 типа, несмотря на низкий захват радиойода. Однако этот вопрос требует дальнейшего изучения и обсуждения. Для быстрого восстановления эутиреоза у тяжелых больных применяют плазмаферез и тиреоидэктомию.
“Pattern approach” or search for new templates. Respond to the article “Evaluating of significance of thyroglobulin (Tg) level in blood as a biomarker of iodine deficiency disorders severity in Uzbekistan”
Authors: Mel'nichenko Galina A. , Makolina Natalia P. , Mikhina Margarita S. , Platonova Nadezhda M. , Troshina Ekaterina A.
Published: October 2017

Наука никогда не остановится в своем поиске новых решений. Процесс исследования и прогнозирования научными теориями есть процесс выявления и управления паттернами – совокупностями повторяющихся шаблонов, устойчивыми комбинациями и последовательностями.
На протяжении многих лет проблема йодного дефицита сохраняет свою значимость для мирового здравоохранения. Несмотря на все предпринимаемые меры по ликвидации данной катастрофы, в настоящее время оптимизировать ее диагностику и лечение не удается, таким образом, ранее опубликованная в журнале “Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология” работа “Изучение значимости тиреоглобулина в крови в качестве биомаркера при оценке тяжести йододефицитных состояний в Узбекистане” является невероятно актуальной и, несомненно, требует детального разбора, чему и посвящена данная статья.
Spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol in drug formulations with 1 – naphthol
Authors: Iorhemen Raymond T. , Iorhemba Aondona M. , Sambo Royalty E. , Nande Winifred U.
Published: October 2017

Paracetamol with 1-Naphthol gave an azodye and the concentration of paracetamol was investigated spectrophotometrically. The dye formed with 1-Naphthol as a coupling agent followed Beer Lambert’s law within the range of 2 – 10 μgmL-1 of paracetamol at a lambda max (λmax) of 505nm. The molar absorptively of the azodye coupled with 1-Naphthol was found to be 1.6973×104 dm3mol-1cm-1, r2 was 0.9974. P value was found to be 0.013 at 95% confidence. LOD was 0. 02 μgmL-1 while LOQ was 0. 10 μgmL-1. The coupling agent has been applied successfully for the analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations such as boska, ibex, mixagrip, norgesis and procold with the recovery of 101.27 %, 98.98 %, 99.47 %, 98.28 % and 101.6 % respectively. The relative standard deviation of all the five samples ranged from 0 % to 0.76 %. The method used in the present study may be applied to the determination of trace amount of paracetamol on clinical samples as it is simple, accurate and precise, and also reproducible.
The positioning of prosthetic Margo against gingival Margo, cause or not, of periodontitis
Authors: Robo Ilma , Qafmolla Ruzhdie , Qyra Shpetim , Heta Saimir
Published: October 2017

Background: The long, severe contour of prosthetic margo, remnants of cement used for adhesion, these are elements that affect the periodontal status of gingival margo, and then, the care of oral hygiene by the patient, affecting further aggravated gingival infection to fixed further in periodont.Methods: The experiment was conducted in 3 mice, to which were placed metal artificial crowns. It was controlled the effect of the mechanical action of prosthetic margo, established subgingival, agains the marginal gingival tissue.Results: The periodontal status was performed 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 1 month later, after placing the crows. After 2 months, was taken the samples of saliva for laboratory, to analyze the bacterial flora in the areas of the presence of gingival margo at the prosthetic crown.Conclusions: The presence of plaque that is not mechanically disconnected from gingival sulcus, influences the periodontal diseases that shows its characteristics, reflected significantly after 7 days, after 14 days, after 21 days. Signs of gingival inflammation are significant features of the evolution of related of periodontal illness, according to these dates already referred to us above.
Doubling down on serendipity
Authors: Snow Catherine E.
Published: October 2017

The lessons I have learned over the last many years seem always to come in pairs – a lesson about the findings that brings with it a lesson about life as a researcher...Lesson 1. Even as a doctoral student, I believed that the sorts of social interactions young children had with adults supported language acquisition. In 1971, when I completed my dissertation, that was a minority view, and one ridiculed by many. I was, unfortunately, deflected from a full-on commitment to research on the relationship between social environment and language development for many years by the general atmosphere of disdain for such claims. In the intervening years, of course, evidence to support the claim has accumulated, and now it is generally acknowledged that a large part of the variance among children in language skills can be explained by their language environments. This consensus might have been achieved earlier had I and others been braver about pursuing it.[Download the PDF and read more...]
Socrates, the Daimonion, and Rational Trust: A Perspectival Account
Authors: Brandt Jared
Published: October 2017

One of the most intriguing aspects of Plato’s Socrates is his reliance upon the mysterious phenomenon of the
Erstlesungen und Korrekturen von Notarsnamen in den „Notarsunterschriften im byzantinischen Ägypten“
Authors: Diethart Johannes
Published: October 2017

First readings and corrections of notaries’ subscriptions in Byzantine documents on papyrus stand in the focus of this article, supplementing the Notarsunterschriften im byzantinischen Ägypten by J.M. Diethart und K. A. Worp from 1986.
… et l’âme créa le rêve. Le traité Sur les songes de Synésios de Cyrène
Authors: Monticini Francesco
Published: October 2017

From Homer onwards, in both ancient Greek and Byzantine cultures, dreams were generally conceived as a phenomenon that enters the human being from outside, inasmuch as inspired by the divinity, and not as a product of human interiority. Nevertheless, there exists a distinctly dedicated work about this subject that provides a completely different point of view: it is the treatise On dreams by Synesius of Cyrene. Assuming that dreams are cognizable, Synesius argues that they must be perceived in the same way as sense perceptions. Therefore, they must pass through the center of human self-consciousness, which Synesius calls «Imaginative Spirit». This is only the beginning of a philosophical demonstration aiming to prove that all the images belonging to the Becoming, including oneiric ones, reside inside the soul and do not have their own source outside the human being.
Benefits and weaknesses of radiocarbon dating of plant material as reflected by Neolithic archaeological sites from Poland, Slovakia and Hungary
Authors: Nowak Marek , Hoyo Magdalena Moskal-Del , Mueller-Bieniek Aldona , Lityńska-Zając Maria , Kotynia Krzysztof
Published: October 2017

Radiocarbon dating of the plant material is important for chronology of archaeological sites. Therefore, a selection of suitable plant samples is an important task. The contribution emphasizes the necessity of taxonomical identification prior to radiocarbon dating as a crucial element of such selection. The benefits and weaknesses of dating of taxonomically undetermined and identified samples will be analysed based on several case studies referring to Neolithic sites from Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. These examples better illustrate the significance of the taxonomical identification since plant materials of the Neolithic age include only a limited number of cultivated species (e.g. hulled wheats) and typically do not contain remains of late arrived plants (e.g. Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica). For more accurate dating results cereal grains, fruits and seeds, which reflect a single vegetative season, are preferred. Among charred wood, fragments of twigs, branches and external rings should mainly be taken into account, while those of trunks belonging to long-lived trees should be avoided. Besides the absolute chronology of archaeological features and artefacts, radiocarbon dating of identified plant remains might significantly contribute to the history of local vegetation and food production systems.
Prevalence and determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among non-smoking senior secondary school students in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Layi Solomon , Babatunde Oluwaseyi Tosin , Oladeji Susan Modupe , Ashipa Temitope
Published: October 2017

Background

Globally, efforts are being made to control tobacco use. However, adolescents who are susceptible to cigarette smoking constitute a major challenge to control efforts. Defining the magnitude of susceptible adolescents and associated factors in any setting is critical to the development of measures that will successfully address this issue. This study estimated the prevalence and factors associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among non smoking students in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria.

Methods

A cross sectional study involving 2000 secondary school students selected via multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire, while analysis was done using SPSS 16.0.

Results

Prevalence of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among non smoking respondents was 13.6% (14.5% among males and 11.4% among females, respectively). Factors associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking were parental smoking habit [odds ratio (OR) = 4.43], having close friends who smoke (OR = 6.54), engagement in vocational training (OR = 1.39), exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home (OR = 1.61), knowledge of harmful effects of tobacco (OR = 2.35) and perceptions of the effect of cigarette smoking such as enhancing attractive among boys (OR = 2.03), and causing weight gain among boys (OR = 2.39) and among girls (OR = 6.05).

Conclusion

The high prevalence of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among the non smoking students highlights the potential for future increase in prevalence of cigarette smoking in the setting. Efforts at controlling cigarette smoking will not be totally successful if susceptibility to cigarette smoking among adolescents is not addressed.
A Perfect Match? Are Dogmatic Belief Systems Simply a Reconciliation of Cognitive and Emotional Human Needs?
Authors: Gries Thomas , Müller Veronika
Published: October 2017

This paper uses theoretical and empirical literature of various disciplines to develop a conceptual framework for explaining violent social conflicts. This interdisciplinary framework identifies crucial individual and social mechanisms, and suggests three constitutive sets of elements that define the “anatomy of violent civil conflicts”: (i) we begin by considering the role of socio-economic and political conditions and subjective mental states that trigger cognitive and emotional demands such as the demand for safety, order, social belongingness, and self-esteem. (ii) To satisfy the emerging demands and to manage accrued negative emotions and subjectively experienced conflicts, individuals tend to search for reconciliation strategies. While direct physical solutions might offer a practical approach, particular mind-sets tend to provide a cognitive framework to understand and evaluate social reality. They absorb accrued negative emotions and deliver narratives for identification with like-minded individuals who share a set of ideas, goals, guidelines and interpretations. But beyond peaceful ideas, ideologies can be aggressive and totalitarian, such as Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Extremism or Racism, covering irrevocable and static dogmas. (iii) In this case, the dogmatic ideological framework presents a clear, focused and guiding image of the world, which shapes a rigid pattern of coherence and contrast and which is perceived as a vital resource for motivation and recruitment. To understand at first the decision-making process of individuals, it is of vital importance to combine rational economic thinking with the dynamic processes of external threats, social belongingness and individual psychologic dispositions.
Living and Training at 825 m for 8 Weeks Supplemented With Intermittent Hypoxic Training at 3,000 m Improves Blood Parameters and Running Performance
Authors: Wonnabussapawich Preetiwat , Hamlin Michael J. , Lizamore Catherine A. , Manimmanakorn Nuttaset , Leelayuwat Naruemon , Tunkamnerdthai Orathai , Thuwakum Worrawut , Manimmanakorn Apiwan
Published: October 2017

Wonnabussapawich, P, Hamlin, MJ, Lizamore, CA, Manimmanakorn, N, Leelayuwat, N, Tunkamnerdthai, O, Thuwakum, W, and Manimmanakorn, A. Living and training at 825 m for 8 weeks supplemented with intermittent hypoxic training at 3,000 m improves blood parameters and running performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3287–3294, 2017—We aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-week low-altitude training block supplemented with intermittent hypoxic training, on blood and performance parameters in soccer players. Forty university-level male soccer players were separated into altitude (n = 20, 825 m) or sea-level (n = 20, 125 m) groups. Before (1–2 days ago) and after (1 and 14 days later) training, players were asked to give a resting venous blood sample and complete a series of performance tests. Compared with sea level, the altitude group increased erythropoietin, red blood cell (RBC) count, and hematocrit 1 day after training (42.6 ± 24.0%, 1.8 ± 1.3%, 1.4 ± 1.1%, mean ± 95% confidence limits (CL), respectively). By 14 days after training, only RBC count and hemoglobin were substantially higher in the altitude compared with the sea-level group (3.2 ± 1.8%, 2.9 ± 2.1% respectively). Compared with sea level, the altitude group 1–2 days after training improved their 50-m (−2.9 ± 1.4%) and 2,800-m (−2.9 ± 4.4%) run times and demonstrated a higher maximal aerobic speed (4.7 ± 7.4%). These performance changes remained at 14 days after training with the addition of a likely higher estimated V̇o
2max in the altitude compared with the sea-level group (3.2 ± 3.0%). Eight weeks of low-altitude training, supplemented with regular bouts of intermittent hypoxic training at higher altitude, produced beneficial performance improvements in team-sport athletes, which may increase the viability of such training to coaches and players that cannot access more traditional high altitude venues.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Components of Physical Fitness in Prepuberal Male Soccer Athletes: The Role of Surface Instability
Authors: Negra Yassine , Chaabene Helmi , Sammoud Senda , Bouguezzi Raja , Mkaouer Bessem , Hachana Younés , Granacher Urs
Published: October 2017

Negra, Y, Chaabene, H, Sammoud, S, Bouguezzi, R, Mkaouer, B, Hachana, Y, and Granacher, U. Effects of plyometric training on components of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer athletes: the role of surface instability. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3295–3304, 2017—Previous studies contrasted the effects of plyometric training (PT) conducted on stable vs. unstable surfaces on components of physical fitness in child and adolescent soccer players. Depending on the training modality (stable vs. unstable), specific performance improvements were found for jump (stable PT) and balance performances (unstable PT). In an attempt to combine the effects of both training modalities, this study examined the effects of PT on stable surfaces compared with combined PT on stable and unstable surfaces on components of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer athletes. Thirty-three boys were randomly assigned to either a PT on stable surfaces (PTS; n = 17; age = 12.1 ± 0.5 years; height = 151.6 ± 5.7 cm; body mass = 39.2 ± 6.5 kg; and maturity offset = −2.3 ± 0.5 years) or a combined PT on stable and unstable surfaces (PTC; n = 16; age = 12.2 ± 0.6 years; height = 154.6 ± 8.1 cm; body mass = 38.7 ± 5.0 kg; and maturity offset = −2.2 ± 0.6 years). Both intervention groups conducted 4 soccer-specific training sessions per week combined with either 2 PTS or PTC sessions. Before and after 8 weeks of training, proxies of muscle power (e.g., countermovement jump [CMJ], standing long jump [SLJ]), muscle strength (e.g., reactive strength index [RSI]), speed (e.g., 20-m sprint test), agility (e.g., modified Illinois change of direction test [MICODT]), static balance (e.g., stable stork balance test [SSBT]), and dynamic balance (unstable stork balance test [USBT]) were tested. An analysis of covariance model was used to test between-group differences (PTS vs. PTC) at posttest using baseline outcomes as covariates. No significant between-group differences at posttest were observed for CMJ (p > 0.05, d = 0.41), SLJ (p > 0.05, d = 0.36), RSI (p > 0.05, d = 0.57), 20-m sprint test (p > 0.05, d = 0.06), MICODT (p > 0.05, d = 0.23), and SSBT (p > 0.05, d = 0.20). However, statistically significant between-group differences at posttest were noted for the USBT (p < 0.01, d = 1.49) in favor of the PTC group. For most physical fitness tests (except RSI), significant pre-to-post improvements were observed for both groups (p < 0.01, d = 0.55–3.96). Eight weeks of PTS or PTC resulted in similar performance improvements in components of physical fitness except for dynamic balance. From a performance-enhancing perspective, PTC is recommended for pediatric strength and conditioning coaches because it produced comparable training effects as PTS on proxies of muscle power, muscle strength, speed, agility, static balance, and additional effects on dynamic balance.
Prying into the Prion Hypothesis for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Brundin Patrik , Melki Ronald
Published: October 2017

In Parkinson's disease, intracellular α-synuclein inclusions form in neurons. We suggest that prion-like behavior of α-synuclein is a key component in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Although multiple molecular changes are involved in the triggering of the disease process, we propose that neuron-to-neuron transfer is a crucial event that is essential for Lewy pathology to spread from one brain region to another. In this review, we describe key findings in human postmortem brains, cultured cells, and animal models of disease that support the idea that α-synuclein can act as a prion. We consider potential triggers of the α-synuclein misfolding and why the aggregates escape cellular degradation under disease conditions. We also discuss whether different strains of α-synuclein fibrils can underlie differences in cellular and regional distribution of aggregates in different synucleinopathies. Our conclusion is that α-synuclein probably acts as a prion in human diseases, and a deeper understanding of this step in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease can facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies in the future.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Parkinson's Disease Is Not Simply a Prion Disorder, by D. James Surmeier, José A. Obeso, and Glenda M. Halliday
Community-Based Watershed Restoration in He‘eia (He‘eia ahupua‘a), O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Campbell Holly V. , Campbell A.M.
Published: October 2017

Historically, Hawaiian lands were divided into ahupua‘a, adjacent watersheds stretching from mountains to sea. While communities once farmed, cared for, and sustained a spiritual land ethic toward ahupua‘a holistically from mauka (mountainside) to makai (seaside), today many are no longer the clean and productive watersheds they once were as these traditional practices have fallen away. In He‘eia, an ahupua‘a on the island of O‘ahu, several nonprofit organizations are working to revitalize a cohesive ahupua‘a management system that can serve as a model for other ahupua‘a in Hawai‘i and around the Pacific, as well as serve as an example of holistic management practices in the twenty-first century. In the uplands, one organization works to restore the ahupua‘a’s stream by removing invasive plant species and replanting native flora. In the kula lands (flatlands), another group works to restore the wetland that filters inflow into the bay by planting kalo (taro) and revitalizing traditional Hawaiian polyculture. At the seashore, a third nonprofit is working to restore an 800-year-old fishpond with the intent to promote food security while conducting research on Hawaiian history and water quality. All three groups run extensive educational programs for locals and visitors of all ages and work to keep pollutants out of the watershed and stream as it flows downhill and out onto the reef. By weaving modern technologies, tools, and information together with stories, songs, and attitudes that embody deep and ancient ties between mankind and land, this creative and cooperative management is returning food security, sustainable culture, and resilience to the hands of the community.
Farming the Floodplain: Ecological and Agricultural Tradeoffs and Opportunities in River and Stream Governance in New England's Changing Climate
Authors: Warner Benjamin P. , Schattman Rachel E. , Hatch Christine E.
Published: October 2017

In New England (United States) climate change models forecast increasingly intense, frequent floods. Communities in this region are already experiencing these changes, along with the negative consequences associated with them, such as inundation, erosion, natural habitat destruction, and property damage. As it is in many places around the world, agriculture in New England is often in floodplains, which means that farmers are at greater risk due to where they farm. These farmers are already adapting to the increased risk of flooding; however, some of their actions may affect communities downstream, both human and ecological. This case study examines the competing perspectives of farmers and other community stakeholders in New England as farmers work to adapt to increasing flood impacts. Our premise is that, considering the intensified pressures of climate change on agriculture near rivers and streams, we must find ways to allow farmers to adapt to protect their farms and downstream communities.
Adapting Middlebrow Taste to Sell Stars, Romance, and Consumption
Authors: Higashi Sumiko
Published: October 2017

Although it began as a local slapdash effort to advertise the independent exchanges in Chicago in 1911, Photoplay became the nation's leading movie fan magazine. At first it copied Motion Picture Story, founded earlier to publicize the films of the monopolistic Motion Picture Patents Company, in publishing literary storyized versions of film releases. Adapting the middlebrow conventions of its rival to overcome disrepute and near bankruptcy, Photoplay had already spotlighted the players in its early issues. Indeed, it established the format for publicity stories about iconic female personalities, especially those in exciting cliff-hanging serials who were idolized by lower-class female fans. It also published serialized romance fiction that featured daring, unconventional modern heroines. A magazine that stimulated readers without economic and cultural capital to daydream about glamour and buy fetishized goods, Photoplay constructed stardom as a basis of consumer capitalism.
The Better Films Movement and the Very Notion of It
Authors: Horne Jennifer
Published: October 2017

This essay considers the historical and conceptual framing of the American better films initiatives of the early twentieth century. Starting with the observation that the film betterment campaigns coincided with the moment women en masse began to be admitted to decision-making processes of government and civic enterprises, the article connects the advances achieved in both spheres with the downplaying of better films achievements by historians of cinema. In doing so, it calls for a more complex explanation of this so-called movement in order to understand women's active participation in their own social subordination. It proposes that women's well-documented exclusion from politics, and the systematic exemption of their collective and individual activity in matters of social organization and politics, should be taken into greater consideration by theorists of cinema.
The Politics of Feminism, Race, Community, and Place in the Florida Film Once Upon a Time (1922)
Authors: Lane Christina
Published: October 2017

This essay examines the making of the independent (and no longer extant) film Once Upon a Time (1922), which was produced, directed, and written by Coconut Grove, Florida, resident Ruth Bryan Owen. As a historical and cultural prism, the film grants us a unique view of Owen as an independent filmmaker and someone who, in the late 1920s, would become the first woman elected to the US Congress from the Southern states. It also offers insights into Coconut Grove and Miami as a dynamically charged field of gender, race, and class relations during the early 1920s. For Owen, these years were filled with personal transformation as well as turmoil. South Florida was witnessing exciting changes as well as rising political tensions and strife. Proposed as a one-of-a-kind “community motion picture,” the Arabian Nights tale signaled the dawning of an active Southern Women's Club movement. In this essay, the film serves as a lens—a historical opportunity—to examine a set of social relations and the women's efforts to better their political conditions (and curb local white patriarchal corporate interests) in association with the activities and struggles of the racially segregated neighborhoods the women purported to represent.
Chromatin remodeler CHD1 promotes XPC‐to‐TFIIH handover of nucleosomal UV lesions in nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Rüthemann Peter , Balbo Pogliano Chiara , Codilupi Tamara , Garajovà Zuzana , Naegeli Hanspeter
Published: October 2017

Ultraviolet (UV) light induces mutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in nucleosomal DNA that is tightly wrapped around histone octamers. How global‐genome nucleotide excision repair (GG‐NER) processes CPDs despite that this chromatin arrangement is poorly understood. An increased chromatin association of CHD1 (chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding 1) upon UV irradiation indicated possible roles of this chromatin remodeler in the UV damage response. Immunoprecipitation of chromatin fragments revealed that CHD1 co‐localizes in part with GG‐NER factors. Chromatin fractionation showed that the UV‐dependent recruitment of CHD1 occurs to UV lesions in histone‐assembled nucleosomal DNA and that this CHD1 relocation requires the lesion sensor XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum group C). In situ immunofluorescence analyses further demonstrate that CHD1 facilitates substrate handover from XPC to the downstream TFIIH (transcription factor IIH). Consequently, CHD1 depletion slows down CPD excision and sensitizes cells to UV‐induced cytotoxicity. The finding of a CHD1‐driven lesion handover between sequentially acting GG‐NER factors on nucleosomal histone octamers suggests that chromatin provides a recognition scaffold enabling the detection of a subset of CPDs.
Can liquid-based preparation substitute for conventional smear in thyroid fine-needle aspiration? A systematic review based on meta-analysis
Authors: Chong Yosep , Ji Soon-Jin , Kang Chang Suk , Lee Eun Jung
Published: October 2017

Objective

Conventional smear (CS) using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been established as the test of choice for diagnosing thyroid lesions, despite low sample adequacy and inter-individual variations. Although a liquid-based preparation (LBP) technique has been recently applied to overcome these limitations, its clinical utility and its accuracy over CS are controversial. This study aimed to determine the true sensitivity and specificity of LBP in thyroid FNAC by meta-analysis.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched major electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Google Scholar) with queries of ‘thyroid’, ‘LBP’ and ‘liquid-based cytology’. Original articles including cytohistologic correlation data comparing the accuracy of any LBP technique, such as ThinPrep, SurePath and Liqui-Prep, with CS were included for qualitative meta-analysis and preparation of synthesized reporter-operating curves (sROC).

Results

A total of 372 studies were screened and 51 original articles were eligible for full-text review; finally, 24 studies were chosen for the meta-analysis. Average sample inadequacy was significantly lower in two mainstream LBP methods (ThinPrep and SurePath) than CS. Specificity and sensitivity by sROC were similar or slightly superior for LBP vs CS. Various cytomorphologic changes by each method have been reported.

Conclusions

Although a learning curve is essential for adapting to the cytomorphologic features of the LBP technique, our results support the use of two mainstream LBPs alone in thyroid FNAC that LBP will increase the sample adequacy and reduce the workload with similar accuracy. More data and further evaluation are needed for the other LBP methods.
Usefulness of desmopressin testing to predict relapse during long-term follow-up in patients in remission from Cushing’s disease
Authors: Ambrogio Alberto Giacinto , Andrioli Massimiliano , De Martin Martina , Cavagnini Francesco , Pecori Giraldi Francesca
Published: October 2017

Recurrence of Cushing’s disease after successful transsphenoidal surgery occurs in some 30% of the patients and the response to desmopressin shortly after surgery has been proposed as a marker for disease recurrence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response to desmopressin over time after surgery. We tested 56 patients with Cushing’s disease in remission after transsphenoidal surgery with desmopressin for up to 20 years after surgery. The ACTH and cortisol response to desmopressin over time was evaluated in patients on long-term remission or undergoing relapse; an increase by at least 27 pg/mL in ACTH levels identified responders. The vast majority of patients who underwent successful adenomectomy failed to respond to desmopressin after surgery and this response pattern was maintained over time in patients on long-term remission. Conversely, a response to desmopressin reappeared in patients who subsequently developed a recurrence of Cushing’s disease, even years prior to frank hypercortisolism. It appears therefore that a change in the response pattern to desmopressin proves predictive of recurrence of Cushing’s disease and may indicate which patients require close monitoring.
CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN EN COSTA RICA EN EL PERÍODO 2010-2014
Authors: Granados Carvajal Rafael Evelio , Calvo Solano Oscar David
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se analizaron las distintas redes vinculadas a la formulación de políticas públicas en la Comisión de Ciencia y Tecnología del Congreso de Costa Rica, entre el 2010 y 2014, con el propósito de describir el abordaje realizado y la incidencia sobre el estilo de desarrollo costarricense. Se encontró que las principales redes presentan propuestas cerradas y un Poder Ejecutivo con más cercanía a los distintos sectores, pero no suficiente. A raíz de lo anterior, se concluye que existe una limitada coordinación y cohesión de los actores relacionados con la ciencia, la tecnología y la educación en Costa Rica, determinando limitados alcances en educación, empleo, competitividad y desarrollo; especialmente, pensando en la dinámica que ejercen la ciencia y la tecnología en el mediano y largo plazo en el proceso de desarrollo económico y social.
EL SUICIDIO EN EL ÁMBITO COMUNITARIO: LINEAMIENTOS PARA SU ABORDAJE
Authors: Maroto Vargas Adriana
Published: October 2017

El suicidio, desde una aproximación psicosocial, debe llamar la atención sobre las dinámicas sociales,las interacciones interpersonales, las redes vinculares y los aspectos estructurales asociados. Por lotanto, se deben pensar estrategias comunitarias para su abordaje. Como resultado de un proyecto deinvestigación, que hizo revisión bibliográfica y consultó a profesionales con experiencia en el abordajedel suicidio, se presentan algunos lineamientos para orientar el trabajo en comunidad. Se proponen lainvestigación centrada localmente, el respeto a la diversidad cultural, el rol de los servicios de salud enel primer nivel de atención y algunas características básicas de un programa. Sin embargo, como principales hallazgos se enfatiza la importancia de articular modelos interdisciplinarios y multisectorialesde trabajo, lo cual implica una revisión de la vinculación que ha prevalecido entre las instituciones ylas comunidades, a fin de garantizar a las personas y los grupos organizados una participación activaen la identificación de su problemática y la forma de resolverla. En segundo lugar, las iniciativas debensostenerse en pilares de puertas abiertas, abordajes grupales y sin la interferencia de requisitos administrativos. Finalmente, se destaca la escucha activa y el fortalecimiento del vínculo. La escucha puedeser ofrecida tanto profesionalmente como por otras personas de la comunidad. El reto es identificar quéespacios de escucha ya existen, ampliar, diversificar e innovarlos. Lo anterior está intrínsecamente relacionado con el vínculo, ya que un lazo social válido permite una red de soporte frente al riesgo suicida.
CRÍTICA FEMINISTA SOBRE LA NOCIÓN DE LA BUENA MADRE
Authors: Giallorenzi María Laura
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo es parte de la investigación de Tesis de Maestría en Estudios Culturales y tiene comopropósito socializar un breve recorrido sobre la crítica feminista a la institución familiar y a la nociónde la buena madre en el sistema patriarcal. Revisión teórica que permite traer a la luz algunos de losdebates que se dieron al interior de las teorías feministas desde finales del Siglo XVIII sobre el tópicode la maternidad. Así, diferentes autores y autoras problematizan de manera crítica las construccionesy los efectos de los diversos discursos sociales sobre las mujeres, entre los que se destacan los discursossobre la maternidad. Las interpretaciones feministas a las que se aluden en el presente trabajo, handefinido a la noción de maternidad como una construcción discursiva apoyada en distintas disciplinas-el saber teológico y médico en un comienzo, y luego la demografía, la psicología, entre otros- y en instituciones disciplinarias que han ido modificándose a lo largo de la historia estableciendo así, para cadaperiodo histórico, lo que se considera una buena o mala madre en función de lo que se estime negativoo positivo para cada época. En este sentido, se recorren las principales críticas teóricas feministas quepusieron bajo la lupa los aspectos históricos y filosóficos que contribuyeron a configurar el modo hegemónico de producir maternidad y se revisan los discursos sociales y políticos que coadyuvaron para laconsolidación contemporánea de la institución familiar.
RP-HPLC–UV method for the quantification of propranolol in rat's serum and krebs buffer using one-step protein precipitation
Authors: Al Shaker Hanadi A. , Qinna Nidal A. , Al Hroub Hamza , Al Omari Mahmoud M. H. , Badwan Adnan A.
Published: October 2017

Krebs buffer is considered one of the most used physiological buffers in biomedical research. In the current work, a rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 214 nm was developed and validated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) guidelines for the determination and quantification of propranolol in Sprague–Dawley rat's serum and in Krebs buffer. This method can be applied for both in vivo and in vitro studies with short run time of 7.0 min . Isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was employed. BDS Hypersil C-18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm and 5 μm) was used to obtain satisfactory resolution. The mobile phase used contained a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and triethylammonium phosphate solution (15.0:32.5:52.5, v/v). Best separation between propranolol and the internal standard (I. S.) sildenafil was obtained at 4.2 and 5.5 min, respectively. Propranolol was linear over a concentration range of 50.00–3000 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy, and intra- and inter-day precision. Dilution integrity was assessed and was found to be within the acceptable range for both serum and Krebs buffer. Sample stability tests were studied at different storage conditions, and all the analytes were found to be stable. The mean percentage of recovery of propranolol was found to be 97.06% and 98.57% for serum and Krebs buffer, respectively.