bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First account of apparent alloparental care of a long-finned pilot whale calf (Globicephala melas) by a female killer whale (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Mrusczok Marie-Thérèse , Zwamborn Elizabeth , von Schmalensee Menja , Ramallo Sara Rodríguez , Stefansson Robert A.
Published: February 2023

Interactions between killer whales ( Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)) and long-finned pilot whales ( Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)) have been documented on numerous occasions, usually involving predation events and pursuits. Here, the first documented account of a long-finned pilot whale calf seen in echelon position with one killer whale in a group of three killer whales is described, along with one further interaction of the same killer whale group with other long-finned pilot whales. Behavioral, locational, and photographic data were recorded and analyzed for killer whales between 2011 and 2022 and for long-finned pilot whales between 2019 and 2022 off West Iceland. The data were used to obtain background information on the killer whale group involved in the apparent alloparental behavior. The described event also presents the first documented account of epimeletic behavior of a killer whale toward a non-conspecific. The movements of the same killer whale group in conjunction with other killer whales during a subsequent interaction with a group of long-finned pilot whales do not fit any previously observed behavioral patterns described for interactions between these species and may represent an active effort to obtain another long-finned pilot whale calf. Long-finned pilot whale and killer whale interactions might be more complex than previously thought and influenced by multiple drivers.
Nucleosynthesis and observation of the heaviest elements
Authors: Holmbeck E. M. , Sprouse T. M. , Mumpower M. R.
Published: February 2023

The rapid neutron capture or ‘r process’ of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the natural abundance of heavy elements found on the periodic table above iron (with proton number $$Z=26$$

Z
=
26

) and all of the heavy elements above bismuth ($$Z=83$$

Z
=
83

). In the course of creating the actinides and potentially superheavies, the r process must necessarily synthesize superheavy nuclei (those with extreme proton numbers, neutron numbers or both) far from isotopes accessible in the laboratory. Many questions about this process remain unanswered, such as ‘where in nature may this process occur?’ and ‘what are the heaviest species created by this process?’ In this review, we survey at a high level the nuclear properties relevant for the heaviest elements thought to be created in the r process. We provide a synopsis of the production and destruction mechanisms of these heavy species, in particular the actinides and superheavies, and discuss these heavy elements in relation to the astrophysical r process. We review the observational evidence of actinides found in the Solar system and in metal-poor stars and comment on the prospective of observing heavy-element production in explosive astrophysical events. Finally, we discuss the possibility that future observations and laboratory experiments will provide new information in understanding the production of the heaviest elements.
First application of the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron resonance technique at TRIGA-Trap
Authors: Chenmarev S. , Nagy Sz. , van de Laar J. J. W. , Blaum K. , Block M. , Düllmann Ch. E.
Published: February 2023

The phase-imaging ion cyclotron resonance technique (PI-ICR) has been implemented at TRIGA-Trap together with a newly built five-pole cylindrical trap. In PI-ICR the total phase of trapped ions is measured by projecting the ion motion onto a position-sensitive delay-line micro-channel plate detector. The systematic uncertainties have been investigated and first mass measurements on stable Pb isotopes have been performed with PI-ICR. The new technique offers higher mass-resolving power, allows checking for the presence of contaminant ion species, and it proved useful in tuning the harmonicity of the trapping potential as well as in aligning the trap symmetry axis with respect to the magnetic field axis by visualizing the radial ion motion. This is a non-scanning technique where every detected ion contributes equally, therefore it is more sensitive than the previously used time-of-flight ion-cyclotron-resonance (ToF-ICR) technique, which is based on the scanning of the sideband-frequency of trapped ions and recording their time of flight after ejection. It will enable us to carry out high-precision mass measurements in the actinide region with uncertainties on the ppb level.
Optimum filter synthesis with DPLMS method for energy reconstruction
Authors: D’Andrea V. , Riboldi S. , Geraci A. , Burlac N. , Salamida F.
Published: February 2023

Optimum filters are granted increasing recognition as valuable tools for parametric estimation in many scientific and technical fields. The DPLMS method, introduced some twenty years ago, is especially effective among the synthesis algorithms since it derives the optimum filters directly from the experimentally acquired signal and noise waveforms. Two new extensions of the DPLMS method are here presented. The first one speeds up the synthesis phase and improves the energy estimation results by synthesizing optimum filters with automatically designed flat-top length. The second one improves the quality of parameter estimation in multi-channel systems by taking advantage of the inter-channel noise correlation properties. In this paper, the theoretical and functional aspects behind the DPLMS method for optimum filter synthesis are first recalled and illustrated in more detail. The two new DPLMS extensions are subsequently briefly introduced from the theoretical viewpoint and more thoroughly considered from the applicative perspective. The DPLMS optimum filters have been applied first to simulated signals with various amounts and characteristics of superimposed noise and then to the experimental waveforms acquired from a solid-state Ge detector. The results obtained are considered from both the absolute viewpoint and in comparison with those of more traditional, suboptimal filters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two new DPLMS extensions. For single-channel energy estimations, the synthesized optimum filters provide comparatively better results than the other tested filters. The DPLMS multi-channel optimum filters further enhance the quality of the estimations, compared to single-channel optimum filters, with non-negligible inter-channel noise correlation. The effectiveness and robustness of the DPLMS method in synthesizing high-quality filters for energy estimation will be tested soon within leading-edge multi-channel physics experiments.
On W-operators and superintegrability for dessins d’enfant
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander
Published: February 2023

In this short note we identify a family of partition functions recently introduced by Wang, Liu, Zhang, and Zhao with certain specializations of the generating function for dessins d’enfant. This provides a new W-description for orbifold strongly monotone Hurwitz numbers and new examples of superintegrability in matrix models.
A modified Salp Swarm Algorithm for parameter estimation of fractional-order chaotic systems
Authors: Cai Qingwen , Yang Renhuan , Shen Chao , Yue Kelong , Chen Yibin
Published: February 2023

For the parameter estimation problem in research related to the fractional-order chaotic systems (FOCSs), a modified optimization algorithm based on Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) was developed in this paper. The proposed algorithm introduced several improvements on SSA: adding a grouping step, introducing “betrayal” behavior, and improving the update method of the followers. We applied multiple classical optimization algorithms to conduct the parameter estimation experiments on the fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system (Lorenz-FOCS) and the fractional-order Financial chaotic system (Financial-FOCS). In addition, we explored the impact of searching space on parameters estimation through experiments. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the modified Salp Swarm Algorithm (MSSA). The MSSA performed better than the SSA and other classical optimization algorithms in terms of the estimation accuracy and convergence rate.
Site occupancy of Ru in μ phases: A density functional theory study
Authors: Li Pan , Huang Long , Chen Jinmao , Zhang Jianxin
Published: February 2023

In this study, first-principles calculations have been performed to study the site occupancy of Ru in Co[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], Mo and Nb) [Formula: see text] phases. Binding energy, defect formation energy, partial density of states and charge density difference show that Ru prefers to occupy the Co sites, revealing the substitution of Ru with Co doing favor of the [Formula: see text] phases stability. The results will provide a new thought for the design of superalloys.
On charged photons in unmagnetized dusty plasma instabilities
Authors: Ennadifi S. E.
Published: February 2023

Motivated by the expanding interest in complex plasmas, we discuss the equivalent photon charge in dusty electron-ion plasmas. Particularly, we investigate the dusty plasma response in terms of the electron density perturbation driven by electromagnetic waves. The resulting polarization of this plasma medium caused by the photon ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic radiation pressure gives rise to an effective photon electric charge. We determine the acquired photon charge in terms of the involved characteristic parameters. More precisely, here we derive an explicit expression of the photon charge which is found to depend strongly on the free electron density and the photon frequency. Such a photonic charge is relevant for dealing with the photon–plasma couplings in most plasma mediums, namely of the early Universe.
Vortex state in a two-condensate superconducting film considering a topological coupling
Authors: Aguirre C. A. , Joya M. R. , Barba-Ortega J.
Published: February 2023

In this work, we studied the magnetization and the Cooper pairs density in a conventional superconducting thin square film in the presence of an external magnetic field H. Our investigation was carried out to solve the [Formula: see text]-wave-two-band Ginzburg–Landau equations (TB-TDGL) considering a topological-type coupling between the bands. We vary the size of the sample [Formula: see text], the weighty of the coupling [Formula: see text] and the effective Ginzburg–Landau parameter [Formula: see text], as a magnetic field function. We found an interesting vortex configuration and the respective generation of vortex clusters due to the coupling used between condensates. A high (weak) dependence of the first (second) critical field on the weight of the coupling is found. We revealed interesting magnetization curves, their dependence with the size of the sample, the relationship with the coherence length and penetration length and finally with the weight of the coupling between the bands ([Formula: see text]).
RANDOMIZED FRACTIONAL SEIR-VQHP MODEL WITH APPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 DATA PREDICTION
Authors: SHADABFAR MAHDI , MAHSULI MOJTABA , KHOOJINE ARASH SIOOFY , HOSSEINI VAHID REZA , HONG ANYU
Published: February 2023

This paper is to investigate the extent and speed of the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States (US). For this purpose, the fractional form of the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-vaccinated-quarantined-hospitalized-social distancing (SEIR-VQHP) model is initially developed, considering the effects of social distancing, quarantine, hospitalization, and vaccination. Then, a Monte Carlo-based back analysis method is proposed by defining the model parameters, viz. the effects of social distancing rate ([Formula: see text]), infection rate ([Formula: see text]), vaccination rate ([Formula: see text]), average latency period ([Formula: see text]), infection-to-quarantine rate ([Formula: see text]), time-dependent recovery rate ([Formula: see text]), time-dependent mortality rate ([Formula: see text]), hospitalization rate ([Formula: see text]), hospitalization-to-recovery rate ([Formula: see text]), hospitalization-to-mortality rate ([Formula: see text]), and the fractional degree of differential equations as random variables, to obtain the optimal parameters and provide the best combination of fractional order so as to give the best possible fit to the data selected between January 20, 2020 and February 10, 2021. The results demonstrate that the number of infected, recovered, and dead cases by the end of 2021 will reach 1.0, 49.8, and 0.7 million, respectively. Moreover, the histograms of the fractional order acquired from back analysis are provided that can be utilized in similar fractional analyses as an informed initial suggestion. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is provided to investigate the effect of vaccination and social distancing on the number of infected cases. The results show that if the social distancing increases by 25% and the vaccination rate doubles, the number of infected cases will drop to 0.13 million by early 2022, indicating relative pandemic control in the US.
A CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF THE MOBILE–IMMOBILE ADVECTION–DISPERSION MODEL OF TEMPORAL FRACTIONAL ORDER ARISING IN WATERSHED CATCHMENTS AND RIVERS
Authors: JAFARI HOSSEIN , AGHDAM YONES ESMAEELZADE , FARNAM BEHNAZ , NGUYEN VAN THINH , MASETSHABA MANTEPU TSHEPO
Published: February 2023

An efficient high-order computational procedure is going to be created in this paper to determine the solution to the mobile–immobile advection–dispersion model (MIAD) of temporal fractional order [Formula: see text], which can be employed to model the solute forwarding in watershed catchments and floods. To do it, the temporal-first derivative of MIAD is discretized by using the finite-difference technique’s first-order precision and the linear interpolation’s temporal-fractional derivative. On either side, the space derivative is simulated using a collocation approach based on the Legendre basis to generate the full-discrete method. The order of MIAD-convergence for the implicit numerical structure is explained. Additionally, a basic conceptual discussion of the temporal-discretized stability mechanism is included in this paper. Finally, two models are provided to show the reliability and excellence of the organized approach.
DYNAMICS IN A FRACTIONAL ORDER PREDATOR–PREY MODEL INVOLVING MICHAELIS–MENTEN-TYPE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AND BOTH UNEQUAL DELAYS
Authors: LI PEILUAN , GAO RONG , XU CHANGJIN , LU YUEJING , SHANG YOULIN
Published: February 2023

The interrelationship between predator populations and prey populations is a central problem in biology and mathematics. Setting up appropriate predator–prey models to portray the development law of predator populations and prey populations has aroused widespread interest in many scholars. In this work, we propose a new fractional order predator–prey system involving Michaelis–Menten-type functional response and both unequal delays. Utilizing the contraction mapping theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the considered fractional order predator–prey system. By virtue of some mathematical analysis techniques, nonnegativeness of the solution to the involved fractional order predator–prey system is analyzed. By constructing a suitable function, the boundedness of the solution to the considered fractional order predator–prey system is explored. Making use of Laplace transform, we derive the characteristic equation of the involved fractional order predator–prey system, then by means of the stability principle and the bifurcation theory of fractional order dynamical system, a series of novel delay-independent stability criteria and bifurcation conditions ensuring the stability of the equilibrium point and the creation of Hopf bifurcation of the considered fractional order predator–prey system, are built. The global stability of the involved fractional order predator–prey system is analyzed in detail. The role of time delay in controlling the stability and the creation of Hopf bifurcation is revealed. To check the legitimacy of the derived key results, software simulation results are effectively presented. The obtained results in this work are completely novel and play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance.
STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF ANHUI PROVINCE BASED ON SBM-DEA MODEL AND FRACTAL THEORY
Authors: LIU JIA-BAO , ZHAO BING-YUE
Published: February 2023

Due to the increasing growth of economy in the last few years, environmental problems have become a prominent difficulty in Chinese economic growth and social development. Therefore, in order to respond to the environmental protection policy of Anhui Province, all prefecture-level cities need to be evaluated for their environmental efficiency. A study of environmental efficiency in Anhui Province is presented in this paper. The time period is from 2015 to 2020. By exploiting MaxDEA software, the input–output system in different years is taken as the decision-making unit, and slacks-based model (SBM-DEA) which is based on an unexpected output is used to construct the index system by selecting two output indexes and four input indexes, so as to calculate the environmental efficiency of Anhui Province, including 16 prefecture-level cities, under the condition of constant non-radial and non-angle scale benefits. In addition, based on the persistence and anti-persistence theory of fractal theory, in this paper, we have analyzed the future trend of environmental efficiency of prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province by rescaled range analysis (R/S). The results show that Anhui province has 16 prefectures that have not achieved an optimal level of environmental performance and fluctuates downward from 2015 to 2020. The average value of comprehensive efficiency is 0.846. As for technical efficiency, the mean value is 0.954, and scale efficiency has an average value of 0.887. The technical progress of environmental efficiency development in Anhui Province is small and the room for improvement is large. Finally, according to the results of the study, some suggestions on environmental technology are put forward.
A LOAD BALANCE PERSONALIZED PATH FINDING WITH MULTIPLE-AGENT DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Authors: LI NAIPENG , GUO YUCHUN , CHEN YISHUAI , GUO HENGYUAN , SORADI-ZEID SAMANEH
Published: February 2023

Personalized path-finding allows a user to search for a travel path that can visit its several regions of interest (ROIs). Existing independent searching methods may bring many users to ROIs simultaneously, such as popular attractions in scenic, and thus induce traffic jams. Therefore, it is necessary to find a personalized travel path considering the load balance of traffic flow. However, it is challenging to ensure load balancing on the road and ROIs while allowing each user to visit their ROIs. In this paper, we propose a personalized path-finding method with a multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) framework. Based on the MAPF, it allows users to find the path independently, and we designed a reward to guide the agent simultaneously to navigate to the destination and ROIs for personalized travel. We also improve the architecture of MAPF to guide the agents in learning the load balance through a centralized value network. We evaluated the algorithm with up to 1024 agents on randomly generated road network graphs and compared it against state-of-the-art MAPF planners. We also trained the agent using imitation learning and validated our framework on real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our algorithm is efficient and better than the existing algorithms.
Nondestructive characterization of periodically poled lithium niobate crystals by measuring noise in diffraction pattern
Authors: Madhu  , Dwivedi Prashant Povel
Published: February 2023

Domain randomness is inherent in the fabrication of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The main cause of such domain randomness in fabrication of PPLN is due to electric poling process. This domain randomness not only impacts the effectiveness of frequency conversion, but also enhances the effectiveness of nonphase matched parasitic processes, which in many cases limits the performance of the device. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a nondestructive characterization of domain randomness in PPLN by diffraction-noise pattern with uniform illumination. We measure the domain randomness of PPLN and provide an effective method for poling quality assessment either as good or poor quality of PPLN through this paper.
Accurate Dynamic Electromechanical Solution for Rectangular Piezoelectric Plate Based on Modified FSDT
Authors: Wu Yi-Chuang
Published: February 2023

In this study, the modified first-order shear deformable theory (FSDT) is applied to analyze the resonant characteristics of piezoelectric (PZT) moderately thick plate vibrators with different thicknesses. A simple and straightforward simplification method between mechanical and electrical functions is also proposed based on the modified FSDT. The natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of piezoelectric plates with completely free boundary are analyzed. The displacement fields of the flexural modes are presented based on the superposition method. This analytical method provides a strong-form novel solution for the flexural-dominated motion’s out-of-plane and in-plane coupling displacement fields. The solutions of displacement functions, which are obtained from the superposition method, show excellent convergence for numerical calculation. To verify the validity of the theoretical solution, the resonant frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are compared with that obtained by the finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements using the amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometer (AF-ESPI) technique. According to the electromechanical formula and the derived theoretical solution, four types of electrode are designed to excite the moderately thick PZT specimen for examining the application feasibility of the proposed method. It is shown in this study that the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, and experimental measurement are fully compared, and excellent agreements of the piezoelectric moderately thick plate are also obtained.
Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Hepatoma Cells by Lactobionic Acid-Decorated Dual Redox-Responsive Polyethylene Glycol-Doxorubicin Nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Yang , Ji Chaohui , Ma Zhiheng , Xu Defeng , Hu Hang
Published: February 2023

In this work, we synthesized lactobionic acid-decorated diselenide-linked polyethylene glycol-doxorubicin conjugate (LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) and prepared free DOX-loaded LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX(DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) nanoparticles for hepatoma-targeted DOX delivery. LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX can self-assemble into nanoparticles in deionized water and DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles were prepared by loading free DOX into LA-PEG-Se-Se-DOX nanoparticles under sonication. DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have high DOX loading content of 31.3%. The dynamic scattering analysis shows that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have small size (hydrodynamic diameter [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm), near neutral zeta potential, and excellent colloidal stability. The in vitro drug release study indicates that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit dual redox-responsive drug release characteristics. The cellular uptake study reveals that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles can be taken up by hepatoma cells by asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-mediated pathway. Finally, DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared to LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles, underlining the significance of releasing free DOX for effective tumor cell proliferation inhibition. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for targeted delivery of DOX to hepatoma cells.
IoT Enabled Soil Moisture and Heat Level Prediction Using Chimp Shuffled Shepherd Optimization-Based Deep LSTM for Plant Health Monitoring
Authors: Bhamidipati Kishore , Sriramakrishnan G. V. , Daniya T. , Ragaventhiran J.
Published: February 2023

Plant health monitoring is a very significant task in any agriculture-based environment. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in the monitoring of plant diseases. IoT is required to obtain data through sensor nodes for finding soil moisture and heat level. Even though different methods are available to monitor the health of plants, observing heat level and soil moisture still results a complex task. Thus, this paper introduces a novel chimp shuffled shepherd optimization (ChSSO) by the integration of chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) and shuffled shepherd optimization (SSOA) to perform the selection of cluster head (CH) and routing process. The proposed ChSSO is trained using the deep LSTM which is developed for predicting soil moisture and heat level conditions in IoT network to monitor the health of plants. The proposed method obtained higher performance by the metrics, like testing accuracy and precision of 0.937, and 0.926 for 100 nodes and the values of 0.940, and 0.940 for 150 nodes using the LDAS dataset.
An Efficient Jacobi Spectral Collocation Method with Nonlocal Quadrature Rules for Multi-Dimensional Volume-Constrained Nonlocal Models
Authors: Lu Jiashu , Zhang Qingyu , Zhao Lijing , Nie Yufeng
Published: February 2023

In this paper, an efficient Jacobi spectral collocation method is developed for multi-dimensional weakly singular volume-constrained nonlocal models including both nonlocal diffusion (ND) models and peridynamic (PD) models. The model equation contains a weakly singular integral operator with the singularity located at the center of the integral domain, and the numerical approximation of it becomes an essential difficulty in solving nonlocal models. To approximate such singular nonlocal integrals in an accurate way, a novel nonlocal quadrature rule is constructed to accurately compute these integrals for the numerical solutions produced by spectral methods. Numerical experiments are given to show that spectral accuracy can be obtained by using the proposed Jacobi spectral collocation methods for several different nonlocal models. Besides, we numerically verify that the numerical solution of our Jacobi spectral method can converge to its correct local limit as the nonlocal interactions vanish.
Ricci and scalar curvature inequalities for semi-slant Riemannian submersions in complex space forms
Authors: Poyraz Nergiz Önen , Akyol Mehmet Akif , Demir Ramazan
Published: February 2023

This paper is devoted to the obtain Chen inequalities containing the Ricci and scalar inequalities on the vertical and the horizontal distributions for semi-slant Riemannian submersions from complex space forms onto Riemannian manifolds. The equality case of the obtained inequalities is discussed. At the end, some geometric consequences are obtained. Moreover, many examples are constructed.
An Assessment of Eco-Efficiency and its Determinants: Evidence from Macroeconomic Data
Authors: Asghar Muhammad , Faridi Muhammad Zahir
Published: February 2023

The analysis of innovation, natural resource consumption, and eco-efficiency is widely discussed in firm-level studies. However, there is little literature on the assessment of eco-efficiency and its determinants in the macroeconomic framework. This study focuses on the empirical estimation of the eco-efficiency index with and without undesirable output at the aggregate level using a non-radial, non-oriented slack-based model (SBM) with the help of data envelopment analysis (DEA). SBM-DEA reveals that the level of eco-efficiency falls by incorporating undesirable output. The system generalised method of moments (GMM) applied to the panel data from 116 developed and developing countries for the period 2010–2019 to identify the determinants of eco-efficiency. The findings of system GMM show that innovation has a dynamic impact on eco-efficiency in developed and developing countries compared to natural resource consumption which adversely impacts it. The study also confirms exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) as an integral determinant of eco-efficiency. The findings confirm the ecological modernization theory which assures improvement in environmental quality due to innovation. The findings suggest that innovation and conservation of natural resources promote eco-efficiency in developed and developing countries.
Rational solutions to the variants of Erdős–Selfridge superelliptic curves
Authors: Das Pranabesh , Laishram Shanta , Saradha N. , Sharma Divyum
Published: February 2023

For the superelliptic curves of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] a prime, Das, Laishram, Saradha and Edis showed that the superelliptic curve has no rational points for [Formula: see text]. In fact, the double exponential bound, obtained in these papers is far from the reality. In this paper, we study the superelliptic curves for small values of [Formula: see text]. In particular, we explicitly solve the above equation for [Formula: see text]
Numerical Simulation of a Striated Piezoresistive MEMS Pressure Sensor on Circular Silicon Diaphragm: A Finite Element Method-Based Study
Authors: Sabhapandit Eshan , Jindal Sumit Kumar , Kanekal Dadasikandar , Patil Hemprasad Yashwant
Published: February 2023

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology has been heavily incorporated into fabrication of sensors due to its undoubtful advantages such as efficient form-factor, low-power consumption and less bulk manufacturing cost. One of the first sensors to undergo transformation in the micro-scale has been the pressure sensor. Pressure sensors are used excessively in various fields such as automobile, aerospace, aviation, biomedical, consumer electronics, etc. Various researches are being conducted to optimize the design of MEMS-based pressure sensors to meet the specific requirements of different fields. This work presents a piezoresistive pressure sensor design with striated-shaped piezoresistors instead of the conventional bar-shaped piezoresistors. Such a configuration allows positioning the short arms of the striated design effectively on the narrow high stress regions. The piezoresistors are embedded on a circular diaphragm. The performance advantage of such a design is validated through analytical models and numerical simulations. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is deployed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to achieve precise simulation results. The results are then compared to the existing literature. The proposed design achieves a sensitivity of 40.365 mV/V/MPa under a pressure range of 0–1 MPa. The proposed design performs better than existing literature and can be used in applications that require high sensitivity over a long pressure range, for example, in barometric altimeters.
TemporalDedup: Domain-Independent Deduplication of Redundant and Errant Temporal Data
Authors: Rogers Jon , Aygun Ramazan , Etzkorn Letha
Published: February 2023

Deduplication is a key component of the data preparation process, a bottleneck in the machine learning (ML) and data mining pipeline that is very time-consuming and often relies on domain expertise and manual involvement. Further, temporal data is increasingly prevalent and is not well suited to traditional similarity and distance-based deduplication techniques. We establish a fully automated, domain-independent deduplication model for temporal data domains, known as TemporalDedup, that infers the key attribute(s), applies a base set of deduplication techniques focused on value matches for key, non-key, and elapsed time, and further detects duplicates through inference of temporal ordering requirements using Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) for records of a shared type. Using LCS, we split each record’s temporal sequence into constrained and unconstrained sequences. We flag suspicious (errant) records that are non-adherent to the inferred constrained order and we flag a record as a duplicate if its unconstrained order, of sufficient length, matches that of another record. TemporalDedup was compared against a similarity-based Adaptive Sorted Neighborhood Method (ASNM) in evaluating duplicates for two disparate datasets: (1) 22,794 records from Sony’s PlayStation Network (PSN) trophy data, where duplication may be indicative of cheating, and (2) emergency declarations and government responses related to COVID-19 for all U.S. states and territories. TemporalDedup (F1-scores of 0.971 and 0.954) exhibited combined sensitivities above 0.9 for all duplicate classes whereas ASNM (0.705 and 0.732) exhibited combined sensitivities below 0.2 for all time and order duplicate classes.
Field Investigation on Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Damages after November 23, 2022 Gölyaka (Düzce) Earthquake
Authors: Aykanat Batuhan , Ertürk Esin , Altunışık Ahmet Can , Aslan Mehmet Emin
Published: February 2023

A strong earthquake with a moment magnitude of [Formula: see text].9 according to the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) occurred at 04:08 local time on November 23, 2022, in Gölyaka district of Düzce province that is located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The earthquake with a shallow focus is 0.82 km away from Kemeryani village of Gölyaka district, which is the nearest settlement. According to observation data, the highest acceleration value of the earthquake was measured as 407.76 gal (0.410 g) in the East-West component measured from the 8102 coded Düzce Central accelerometer station, which is one of the five accelerometer stations closest to the earthquake zone. There was no loss of life in the earthquake, in which 93 people were injured. However, damages occurred due to the earthquake in structures that were built before the year 2000 and did not receive good engineering and supervision services. It has been determined that the structures built after the year 2000 received good engineering and supervision services performed better. The purpose of this study is to ensure that the experience gained as a result of the investigations about the earthquake that occurred will be made permanent and usable. For this purpose, damage and collapses that occurred on the buildings due to earthquake are examined based on field investigation. The types and causes of damage that occurred on both reinforced concrete and masonry buildings are evaluated in detail with considering the conditions of the existing Turkey Building Earthquake Design Code. The seismological characteristics of the earthquake are also evaluated. In addition, the earthquake hazard of Düzce Province is evaluated together with the earthquakes experienced in the past years, which caused significant loss of life and property in the region.
BEFORE AND AFTER THE COPENHAGEN ACCORD — CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ODA DONORS IN THE MITIGATION SECTOR
Authors: NAKAUNE NORIKO , IKEGAMI MASAKO , UMEMIYA CHISA , KOIDE RYU , WAKIYAMA TAKAKO
Published: February 2023

This study analyzes the changes of correlation between donor characteristics and Official Development Assistance in the mitigation sector (mitigation ODA) before and after the 2009 Copenhagen Accord under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The study used multiple regression analysis using panel data of 23 countries over 15 years. The results give evidence that compared with a donor country with the poorest commitment to climate change, donor countries with a stronger commitment to climate change provided a smaller share of mitigation ODA before 2009 and vice versa after that. Furthermore, donor countries with larger GDP per capita and fewer CO2 emissions per capita provided a larger share of mitigation ODA after 2010, compared to before. These findings indicate that the Accord may have induced donors with stronger commitments to climate change, larger GDP per capita, and fewer CO2 emission per capita to contribute a larger share of mitigation ODA.
A Double Perovskite BiFeMoO6: Microstructural, Optical, Dielectric and Transport Properties
Authors: Tripathy B. S. , Choudhary R. N. P. , Parida S. K.
Published: February 2023

In this communication, the synthesis (solid-state sintering) and characterization of a double perovskite BiFeMoO6 are reported. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data provides monoclinic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 85.6[Formula: see text]nm and lattice strain of 0.00078, respectively. The microstructural analysis of the sample was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results show that grains are well-grown and distributed uniformly throughout the sample surface. The grains are visible clearly due to well-defined grain boundaries, and the effect on the mechanism of electrical ac conductivity was studied. The compositional purity of the sample was checked by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis spectrum which supports the presence of all constituent elements (Bi, Fe, Mo and O) in both weight and atomic percentages. The study of the Ultraviolet–Visible spectrum provides a bandgap energy of 1.8[Formula: see text]eV, suitable for photovoltaic applications. The measurements of the dielectric were used to confirm the existence of the Maxwell–Wagner type of dispersion. The study of impedance spectroscopy helps to understand the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character while the electrical modulus measurements claimed a non-Debye relaxation mechanism in the sample. The study of ac conductivity reveals the fact of thermally activated conduction mechanism in the sample. The presence of the semiconducting nature of the sample was checked from both Nyquist plots and Cole–Cole plots. The study of the resistance versus temperature reveals the fact of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor character and is suitable for some temperature sensor devices.
Research on the Impact of Water Conservation Projects on the Economic, Leisure Environment and Ecological Development of Cities Under Extreme Climate Events
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yun , Lo Chih-Cheng , Lin Jan-Wei , Lin Hsiao-Hsien , Liu Peng-Hui , Shen Chih-Chien
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effect of water conservation projects on the economic and ecological development of a city from the perspective of different stakeholders. We used Xiling Gorge as a case study and recruited people in Yichang as the study respondents. The study was conducted using a mixed research method. Samples were collected and analyzed through fieldwork, a questionnaire survey, and structured interviews using intentional sampling and snowball sampling. The study revealed that modern water conservation projects could improve convenience by stabilizing water sources, increasing the government’s willingness to invest, and improving public infrastructure and transportation facilities. The projects can also lead to developing special products, creating business opportunities, raising awareness, and attracting young people to return to their hometowns. However, industries and projects cannot be differentiated because of the lack of funds for urban development, lack of necessary considerations in decision-making, and lack of entrepreneurial skills among the public. Additionally, population aging could lead to a labor shortage, which may prevent tourism areas from improving the quality of services and meeting the needs of tourists. Consequently, the perceptions of residents and tourists on the current state of economic, social, environmental, and ecological development in the village diverge.
GreenMD: Energy-efficient Matrix Decomposition on Heterogeneous Multi-GPU Systems
Authors: Zamani Hadi , Bhuyan Laxmi , Chen Jieyang , Chen Zizhong
Published: February 2023

The current trend of performance growth in HPC systems is accompanied by a massive increase in energy consumption. In this article, we introduce GreenMD, an energy-efficient framework for heterogeneous systems for LU factorization utilizing multi-GPUs. LU factorization is a crucial kernel from the MAGMA library, which is highly optimized. Our aim is to apply DVFS to this application by leveraging slacks intelligently on both CPUs and multiple GPUs. To predict the slack times, accurate performance models are developed separately for both CPUs and GPUs based on the algorithmic knowledge and manufacturer’s specifications. Since DVFS does not reduce static energy consumption, we also develop undervolting techniques for both CPUs and GPUs. Reducing voltage below threshold values may give rise to errors; hence, we extract the minimum safe voltages (

V
safeMin

) for the CPUs and GPUs utilizing a low overhead profiling phase and apply them before execution. It is shown that GreenMD improves the CPU, GPU, and total energy about 59%, 21%, and 31%, respectively, while delivering similar performance to the state-of-the-art linear algebra MAGMA library.
Applying “Designerly Framing” to Understand Assisted Feeding as Social Aesthetic Bodily Experiences
Authors: Ljungblad Sara
Published: February 2023

What could it mean to take a designerly perspective of a robotic eating aid to get a more holistic understanding of meals as social and embodied experiences? In this article, we provide a new perspective of bodily experiences of assisted feeding. We apply “designerly framing” in the context of meals and Human Robot Interaction (HRI) and contribute with insights for researchers with backgrounds other than design into how “designerly framing” can foreground social and aesthetic use. The study focuses on experiences of assisted feeding of five people with impairments in their arms or hands. All of the subjects have long-term experience of meal assistance, and four also have experience of using a robotic eating aid. The data collection comprises seven interview sessions held in peoples homes, a functional analysis of the meal experience, and a workshop held at a design agency. The “designerly framing” is also supported by a theoretical framework describing different types of use to open the meal as a design space. This complements and extends existing knowledge on acceptance and abandonment of assistive technology (AT) and assistive robotics for the meal.
Nonverbal Sound in Human-Robot Interaction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Brian J. , Fitter Naomi T.
Published: February 2023

Nonverbal sound offers great potential to enhance robots’ interactions with humans, and a growing body of research has begun to explore nonverbal sound for tasks such as sound source localization, explicit communication, and improving sociability. However, nonverbal sound has a broad interpretation and design space that can draw from areas such as machine learning, music theory, and foley. We sought to identify and compare use cases and approaches for nonverbal sound in human-robot interaction through a systematic review. A search of sound and robotics-related publisher databases yielded 148 peer-reviewed articles presenting systems, studies, and taxonomies. Differences in taxonomy and overlap of terminology with adjacent research fields such as speech, gaze, and gesture posed difficulties for the search, which we attempted to address through a multi-stage search process. Based on the reviewed articles, we developed a pair of taxonomies using scientific communication principles and analyzed study designs and measures for the creation of nonverbal robot sound. We discuss recommendations for the field, including the use of the new taxonomies; methods for design, generation, and validation; and paths for future research. Roboticists may benefit from incorporating nonverbal sound as a key component in multimodal human-robot interaction.
Parameter Transfer for Quantum Approximate Optimization of Weighted MaxCut
Authors: Shaydulin Ruslan , Lotshaw Phillip C. , Larson Jeffrey , Ostrowski James , Humble Travis S.
Published: February 2023

Finding high-quality parameters is a central obstacle to using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Previous work partially addresses this issue for QAOA on unweighted MaxCut problems by leveraging similarities in the objective landscape among different problem instances. However, we show that the more general weighted MaxCut problem has significantly modified objective landscapes, with a proliferation of poor local optima. Our main contribution is a simple rescaling scheme that overcomes these deleterious effects of weights. We show that for a given QAOA depth, a single “typical” vector of QAOA parameters can be successfully transferred to weighted MaxCut instances. This transfer leads to a median decrease in the approximation ratio of only 2.0 percentage points relative to a considerably more expensive direct optimization on a dataset of 34,701 instances with up to 20 nodes and multiple weight distributions. This decrease can be reduced to 1.2 percentage points at the cost of only 10 additional QAOA circuit evaluations with parameters sampled from a pretrained metadistribution, or the transferred parameters can be used as a starting point for a single local optimization run to obtain approximation ratios equivalent to those achieved by exhaustive optimization in 96.35% of our cases.
Image–Text Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Framework of Assamese News Articles Using Late Fusion
Authors: Das Ringki , Singh Thoudam Doren
Published: February 2023

Before the arrival of the web as a corpus, people detected positive and negative news based on the understanding of the textual content from physical newspaper rather than an automatic identification approach from readily available e-newspapers. Thus, the earlier sentiment analysis approach is based on unimodal data, and less effort is paid to the multimodal data. However, the presence of multimodal information helps us to get a clearer understanding of the sentiment. To the best of our knowledge, less work has been introduced on the image–text multimodal sentiment analysis framework of Assamese, a low-resource Indian language mostly spoken in the northeast part of India. We built an Assamese news articles dataset consisting of news text and associated images and one image caption to conduct an experimental study. Focusing on important words and discriminative regions of the images mostly related to sentiment, two individual unimodal such as textual and visual models are proposed. The visual model is developed using an encoder-decoder–based image caption generation system. An image–text multimodal approach is proposed to explore the internal correlation between textual and visual features for joint sentiment classification. Finally, we propose the multimodal sentiment analysis framework, i.e., Textual Visual Multimodal Fusion, by employing a late fusion scheme to merge the three different modalities for the final sentiment prediction. Experimental results conducted on the Assamese dataset built in-house demonstrate that the contextual integration of multimodal features delivers better performance than unimodal features.