bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Systemology and the Geopolitics of Roman Law: A Response to Stuart Elden’s Critique of Carl Schmitt’s Spatial Ontology
Authors: Siliquini-Cinelli Luca
Published: August 2015

This paper explores the production, destruction, and reproduction of the geopolitical spaces of Roman law in order to offer an analysis of Schmitt’s (selective) notion of Jus Publicum Europaeum and its relevance to the current “depoliticization” and “dejuridification” of the world. By adopting a historical and geopolitical approach that reaches the boundaries of legal systemology and political theology, the present contribution investigates the manipulative and instrumentalist use of the material object of Rome’s (universalist) competence, namely the “territory” as dominium of its political intervention, which was ultimately (and idealistically) aimed at avoiding the natural destiny of any living being: birth, maturity, and death. Attention is therefore paid to the Roman strategy of (ontological?) contamination of its mythical identity through the legal and sociopolitical administration and regulation of its geographical spaces in terms of (non-)cultural signification. Through the analysis of such concepts as “nomos,” “Großraum,” “Ortung,” and “Ordnung,” it is claimed that Schmitt voluntarily chose to identify the Jus Publicum Europaeum with the geopolitical order produced during the Age of Discovery and not with the “comprehensive” Roman spatial order. The reason for this choice may be identified in the distortive use of Rome’s social relations and political allegiances that lay at the core of its genealogical expansionism (and subsequent inevitable dissolution) since the conquest of Veius in 396 BC and the historical compromise between patrician nobility and plebeians in 367 BC.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms
in patients with vascular
dementia in mainland China
Authors: Jin Yan-ling , Zhang Hong , Gao Yong-zhe , Shu Min , Xu Yan , Liu Xi , Zhang Sheng-ming , Zou Chao-yu , Cao Jing , Xiong Rong-hong
Published: August 2015

Background: Neuropsychiatric deficits can induce marked disability in patients with dementia and increase
caregiver distress. Several studies have found that neuropsychiatric symptoms are common both in patients
with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and patients with vascular dementia (VaD). However, there are few studies of the
neuropsychiatric disturbances in large clinical samples of patients with mixed (cortical - subcortical) VaD from
mainland China. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychiatric symptoms in VaD patients in mainland
China. Methods: Eighty patients with mixed VaD for over 6 months duration, and their caregivers (VaD group),
were recruited for interview in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, from June 2010 to June 2012. Eighty
age- and sex-matched normal volunteers (control group) were interviewed at the same time. The Mini Mental
State Examination (MMSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to the VaD patients, their
caregivers, and normal volunteers. Group differences were analyzed using the unpaired t-test. Results: The total
mean scores of the NPI in the VaD group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). The subscale scores of
NPI, including delusions, hallucinations, depression, apathy, irritability, agitation, aberrant motor behavior, and
change in appetite were significantly higher in the VaD group than in the control group (P < 0.05-0.01). Compared
with the mild VaD subgroup, the NPI subscale scores of apathy, irritability and total scores were significantly
higher in the moderate VaD subgroup (P < 0.05-0.01); the NPI subscale scores of anxiety, apathy, irritability, and
total scores were significantly higher in the severe VaD subgroup (P < 0.01). Compared with the moderate VaD
subgroup, the NPI subscale scores of anxiety and apathy were significantly higher in the severe VaD subgroup
(P < 0.05-0.01). Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as hallucination, anxiety, apathy, irritability and
aberrant action behavior, are common in patients with mixed VaD from mainland China; anxiety and apathy were
more pronounced in the subgroup of severe VaD patients.
Crosstalk between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and castration resistance mediated by Twist1/AR signaling in prostate cancer
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Itsumi Momoe , Takeuchi Ario , Imada Kenjiro , Yokomizo Akira , Kuruma Hidetoshi , Inokuchi Junichi , Tatsugami Katsunori , Uchiumi Takeshi , Oda Yoshinao , Naito Seiji
Published: August 2015

Although invasive and metastatic progression via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of resistance to castration are both critical steps in prostate cancer, the molecular mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the interaction of signaling between castration resistance and EMT, and to apply this information to the development of a novel therapeutic concept using transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor SB525334 combined with androgen-deprivation therapy against prostate cancer using an in vivo model. This study revealed that an EMT inducer (TGF-β) induced full-length androgen receptor (AR) and AR variant expression. In addition, a highly invasive clone showed augmented full-length AR and AR variant expression as well as acquisition of castration resistance. Conversely, full-length AR and AR as well as Twist1 and mesenchymal molecules variant expression were up-regulated in castration-resistant LNCaP xenograft. Finally, TGF-β inhibitor suppressed Twist1 and AR expression as well as prostate cancer growth combined with castration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Twist1/AR signaling was augmented in castration resistant as well as mesenchymal-phenotype prostate cancer, indicating the molecular mechanism of mutual and functional crosstalk between EMT and castration resistance, which may play a crucial role in prostate carcinogenesis and progression.
Clase pública de un estudio de clases de estadística: Una instancia de cambio de creencias en los profesores
Authors: Olfos Raimundo , Estrella Soledad , Morales Sergio
Published: August 2015

Recibido 11 de octubre de 2014 • Corregido 30 de julio de 2015 • Aceptado 14 de agosto de 2015Se investiga el impacto de la implementación de una lección de estadística en las creencias del profesorado que observa la lección. Bajo un diseño cuasi-experimental participan del estudio 18 docentes y 7 estudiantes de docencia, quienes responden un cuestionario validado, con 6 proposiciones bajo una escala Likert. El cuestionario de creencias sobre cómo enseñar estadística se aplicó individualmente a cada docente cuando llega al salón donde se realiza la clase pública, y al terminar la misma, es respondido como postest. La clase observada tuvo una duración de alrededor de 90 minutos. Se usó la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon para comparar las medianas entre ambas aplicaciones. Los resultados dan cuenta de leves diferencias en “cómo enseñar estadística”, sin llegar a ser significativa. Esta investigación invita a continuar la exploración y comprensión del cambio de creencias a partir de una clase pública de Estudio de Clases como método de formación continua.
El desarrollo del juicio moral en Kohlberg como factor condicionante del rendimiento académico en ciencias sociales de un grupo de estudiantes de educación secundaria
Authors: Díaz-Serrano José
Published: August 2015

Recibido 16 de setiembre de 2014 • Corregido 6 de julio de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015Este estudio pretende determinar qué relación se produce entre el nivel de desarrollo moral del alumnado y su rendimiento académico en la asignatura de ciencias sociales-geografía, tomando como participantes a 12 estudiantes de tercer curso de educación secundaria obligatoria en un centro educativo de la ciudad de Murcia, España. Kohlberg teorizó un proceso de desarrollo del juicio moral en el que las personas pasamos por seis estadios, determinando en cada uno de ellos cómo afrontemos un dilema moral que se nos pueda plantear; un instrumento diseñado para esta investigación, basado en esta teoría, permitirá conocer el estadio de desarrollo moral de sus participantes. Los resultados serán reveladores de la existencia de una tendencia a que dicha relación sea directa y positiva, permitiendo concluir que resulta interesante atender al estadio de juicio moral en las aulas y a una serie de recomendaciones pedagógicas e investigadoras con las que concluye este artículo.
CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER SCHEMES AND THE POLITICISATION OF POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES SCHEMES AND POLITICISATION OF POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Bucheli Juan Fernando
Published: August 2015

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) in Latin America has been marked by a closed top-down process led by coalitions of politicians and technocrats who have chosen patronage relationships as the most convenient interaction with beneficiaries of social programmes. The existence of this type of relationship forces beneficiaries to take part in long-term political alliances in exchange for economic benefits. What seems to be a symbiotic relationship for the parties ultimately can have negative consequences in terms of democratic values and a financial opportunity cost to implement more efficient social investment. The more the exchange persists, the more permanent welfare dependency will prevail in the region.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Massal Julie
Published: August 2015

El presente dossier es el resultado de una convocatoria lanzada a inicios de 2014, por el grupo de Relaciones internacionales del IEPRI y el equipo de la Revista. El dossier que se presenta en esta edición propone una reflexión sobre la situación actual en la que se encuentran las relaciones internacionales de y en América Latina, particularmente en el área andina. Los artículos recibidos se inscriben en su gran mayoría en tres ejes de reflexión propuestos en la convocatoria: 1) el reto energético; 2) los procesos de integración regional e internacional; 3) los cambios políticos internos.
¿PRESIDENTES DESATADOS?: REELECCIÓN PRESIDENCIAL Y CAMBIO INSTITUCIONAL EN EL ÁREA ANDINA
Authors: Acuña Villarraga Fabián Alejandro
Published: August 2015

El presente artículo analiza la reelección presidencial en los países andinos. El debate se aborda desde la perspectiva de Jon Elster quien interpreta el constitucionalismo como un mecanismo de compromisos previos, en el que se establecen amarres o limitaciones institucionales para evitar que en tiempo futuro el gobernante se extra-limite por el exceso de poder –“cantos de sirena”–. En este sentido se establecen trayectorias que permitieron-restringieron la reelección presidencial en los países del área andina, en las que la influencia del gobernante en ejercicio fue determinante para sus diferentes desenlaces: auto-marre, des-amarre institucional, o amarrar a “otros”.
Structural and Chemical Analysis of Nanoscale Resistive Switching Devices: Assessment on Nonlinear Properties
Authors: Norris Kate J. , Yang J. Joshua , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P.
Published: August 2015

Investigation into the phenomenon of resistive switching, a reversible change in electrical resistance by the application of a voltage bias, has given rise to the device fabrication, DC electrical testing, and cross sectional TEM/EELS characterization of nanoscale resistive switching devices. Typically, resistive switching devices are composed of a thin oxide layer between two conductive electrodes where applied bias can alter the resistance states. In a cross-bar array, nonlinearity of device I-V relation is a highly desirable characteristic that helps to mitigate the sneak path current leakage issue. Negative differential resistance (NDR) switching behavior offers such nonlinearity and has been observed in TaOx nanoscale devices utilizing certain electrode materials. To investigate this phenomenon, nanodevices were fabricated by sputtering TaOx onto TiN nanovias capped Nb electrodes. Cross sectional TEM/EELS were performed to reveal the physical and chemical changes in these devices to explore possible origins of nonlinear behavior when these top electrode materials are utilized with TaOx films.
Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries
Authors: Karužaitė Daiva
Published: August 2015

The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries.

During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma.

The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees.

The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics.

Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.
Considerações sobre trabalho e suicídio: um estudo de caso
Authors: Finazzi-Santos Marcelo Augusto , Siqueira Marcus Vinícius Soares
Published: August 2015

As empresas vêm presenciando o suicídio de seus empregados, atribuído, de acordo com Dejours e Bègue (2010), às consequências negativas das novas organizações do trabalho. Com base no estudo de óbito de trabalhador bancário, o foco deste artigo é avaliar se o trabalho poderia ser um dos fatores relacionado à decisão de cometer-se o suicídio. Avaliou-se o significado qualitativo da morte sob o ponto de vista do irmão do suicida (ambos colegas de trabalho durante mais de 20 anos), entrevistado em 2009. Visto que esse tipo de análise produz volume significativo de dados sobre o fenômeno pesquisado, estes foram processados e analisados por meio de análise categorial. O bancário trabalhava na empresa havia três décadas e morreu em meados de 2000, faltando um ano para aposentadoria, após a esposa requerer o divórcio. O trabalho foi o contexto para compreender o processo que o conduziu à ruína familiar, à exasperação psíquica e, por fim, à morte. O caso não envolveu assédio moral, já que se tratava de empregado muito bem conceituado, mas de patologia associada à servidão voluntária, patologia essa cada vez mais estimulada como símbolo de sucesso. No ambiente de trabalho, problemas conjugais foram os fatores atribuídos como causa maior do suicídio, mais conveniente como forma de eximir responsabilidades perante o infortúnio, transferindo somente ao sujeito a culpa por conflitos pessoais ou desordens psíquicas.
Depressão e trabalho: ruptura de laço social
Authors: Jardim Sílvia
Published: August 2015

As depressões irrompem o século XXI como "mal do século" e o mal-estar no trabalho chega ao suicídio. São tempos em que as pessoas se queixam da falta de trabalho, da ameaça de perdê-lo ou das pressões a que se submetem para preservá-lo. O trabalho formal, uma profissão, uma carreira, por sua vez, também não são garantia de um presente estável ou um futuro promissor. A depressão é uma das reações a perdas e a ameaças de perda, seja de emprego ou de um contexto social estruturante, que podem induzir à fragmentação da identidade psíquica. Este ensaio discute o termo depressão dentro do contexto das peculiaridades do mal-estar contemporâneo no trabalho, utilizando dados de noticiários, da bibliografia especializada nacional e internacional e da prática clínica em psiquiatria e pesquisa em saúde mental do trabalhador.
Interfaces LER/Saúde Mental: a experiência de um Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Salerno Vera Lúcia , Silvestre Mirian Pedrollo , Sabino Marcos Oliveira
Published: August 2015

Este relato apresenta demandas que cada vez mais chegam aos Cerests desafiando as equipes multidisciplinares para o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica. A experiência é de um Cerest do interior de São Paulo na última década. Construída a partir do relato de trabalhadores, visitas a locais de trabalho, discussão com representantes de empresas e atuação de equipe plurinstitucional de LER, ilustra situações de trabalho potencialmente adoecedoras, em especial do sistema musculoesquelético (LER/DORT). Trabalhadores de cinco empresas de quatro diferentes ramos relatam pressão para produção, sobrecarga física e competitividade, situações de humilhação ou constrangimento como forma de ajustá-los aos padrões da empresa, além da exposição pública e da "punição pelo adoecimento" dos acometidos pelos agravos que retornam ao trabalho. Verifica-se que há ainda grande deficiência no reconhecimento das situações em que o trabalho contribui para o adoecimento mental. Os profissionais da área da Saúde do Trabalhador devem estar especialmente atentos para identificar os casos de sofrimento mental nos portadores de LER/DORT e notificá-los. Recomenda-se que as informações geradas sejam reunidas, analisadas e divulgadas, de modo que possam ser instrumento para sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde em geral e gerar formas de intervenção mais eficazes à proteção à saúde dos trabalhadores.
Influência da posição ortostática na ocorrência de sintomas e sinais clínicos de venopatias de membros inferiores em trabalhadores de uma gráfica na cidade do Recife-PE
Authors: Berenguer Flávia de Araújo , Silva Dayse de Amorim Lins e , Carvalho Celina Cordeiro de
Published: August 2015

Embora ainda não haja evidência da relação direta causa-efeito da doença venosa com o trabalho, existe consenso atual na opinião médica de que a postura de trabalho pode agravar o desenvolvimento da mesma. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da permanência prolongada na postura ortostática com o desencadeamento e/ou agravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos de membros inferiores em funcionários de uma gráfica em Recife, entre maio e julho de 2008. Foram analisadas as condições e os meios que são colocados à disposição do trabalhador para desenvolver sua atividade laboral. Os funcionários responderam a um questionário onde foram abordadas questões referentes aos transtornos circulatórios de membros inferiores com queixas ao longo do dia e no final do expediente de trabalho. Também foi realizada a perimetria dos membros inferiores antes e após a jornada de trabalho. Foi observada a presença de varizes em 64% dos funcionários e o aumento das medidas de perimetria em todos os funcionários após a jornada de trabalho. Dentre as queixas relatadas, destaca-se a sensação de peso e cansaço, dores, cãimbras e presença de edema nos membros inferiores. Os resultados indicam uma associação positiva entre as condições de trabalho no setor investigado e o surgimento ou agravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos nos membros inferiores nos funcionários.
Silicose em trabalhadores de quartzito da região de São Thomé das Letras - Minas Gerais: dados iniciais indicam um grave problema de saúde pública
Authors: Barbosa Mário Silveira de Almeida , Carneiro Ana Paula Scalia , Maciel José Geraldo Felix Seixas , Moronte Elver Andrade , La Rocca Poliana de Freitas , Santos Adolfo Roberto Moreira
Published: August 2015

INTRODUÇÃO: A exploração da pedra São Thomé, na região de São Thomé das Letras-MG, é antiga e estimam-se 2.000 trabalhadores envolvidos em sua extração e beneficiamento. No entanto, a silicose entre eles não era, até recentemente, registrada de forma consistente. OBJETIVO: Delinear o perfil ocupacional e radiológico de um grupo de trabalhadores de quartzito. Métodos: Série de 46 casos provenientes de um grupo de 185 extratores e beneficiadores cujos dados ocupacionais e radiografias de tórax foram analisados em ambulatório especializado. RESULTADOS: Todos os 185 trabalhadores eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 41,3 anos e tempo de exposição mediano de 6,1 anos. As radiografias demonstraram imagens compatíveis com silicose em 46 (24,9%) deles. A ocorrência foi maior no setor de beneficiamento, onde também ocorreram os casos mais graves, incluindo três portadores de grandes opacidades e oito com formas aceleradas da doença. Os últimos, em geral mais jovens e com menor tempo de exposição, sugerem ter sido expostos a maiores concentrações de sílica. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das limitações do estudo, a alta frequencia de silicose encontrada no grupo sugere serem precárias as medidas de prevenção da exposição à sílica, especialmente em épocas mais recentes. Isto pode ser reflexo da mecanização intensa ocorrida nos últimos anos, portanto, ações de vigilância e prevenção devem ser priorizadas no setor.
Океаны инноваций. Атлантический океан, Тихий океан, мировое лидерство и будущее образования (пер. с англ. Н. Микшиной)
Authors: Rizvi Saad , Donnelly Katelyn , Barber Michael
Published: August 2015

Барбер Майкл (Michael Barber) — профессор, главный советник по вопросам образования компании Pearson (Великобритания). Эл. адрес: krdonnelly @pearson.com Адрес: Institute for Public Policy Research, 4th Floor, 14 Buckingham Street, London WC2N 6DF, UK.Доннелли Кейтлин (Katelyn Donnelly) — исполнительный директор в аппарате главного советника по вопросам образования компании Pearson (Лондон). Эл. адрес: krdonnelly @pearson.com Адрес: Institute for Public Policy Research, 4th Floor, 14 Buckingham Street, London WC2N 6DF, UK.Ризви Саад (Saad Rizvi) — исполнительный директор в аппарате главного советника по вопросам образования компании Pearson(Лондон). Эл. адрес: krdonnelly @pearson.com Адрес: Institute for Public Policy Research, 4th Floor, 14 Buckingham Street, London WC2N 6DF, UK.Полагая, что в ближайшем будущем на позиции лидера в мировой экономике выйдет Тихоокеанский регион, авторы анализируют значение этой перспективы для системы образования региона. Для обоснования данного прогноза приводятся аналогии из истории экономического успеха стран Атлантики и анализируются изменения в экономике, в результате которых за последние полвека лидерство перешло от Атлантики к Азиатско-Тихоокеанскому региону.С учетом специфики мирового лидерства в XXI в. предлагается новая модель стимулирования инноваций на разных уровнях: каждого отдельного человека, команд, организаций и общества в целом. Отмечается, что знания о механизмах и закономерностях творчества и инноваций особенно значимы для систем образования. Подчеркивается, что благополучие человечества в течение следующих 50 лет во многом зависит от уровня образования.Выделены ключевые факторы, обусловившие успешность образовательных систем стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. Показано, что достигнутый ими прогресс не должен служить основанием для остановки в развитии образовательных систем. Рассматриваются характеристики, которыми должны обладать системы образования, чтобы обеспечить успешное мировое лидерство и инновации в предстоящие десятилетия. Чтобы произвести революцию в образовательной системе в целом, вдохновить новое поколение и взрастить глобальных лидеров, способных ответить на вызовы XXI в., авторы рекомендуют объединить оправдавшие себя методы последовательного реформирования образования в каждой стране с передовыми идеями развития системных инноваций.
Исследование социальных аспектов формирования мотивации к образованию у молодежи: от теоретических подходов к операционализации
Authors: Popova Ekaterina
Published: August 2015

Попова Екатерина Сергеевна — аспирантка Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: EkaterinaS.Popova@bk.ru   Адрес: Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.Обосновывается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к исследованию мотивации к обучению. Дан краткий обзор зарубежных психологических, педагогических и социологических исследований формирования мотивации к образованию.На основании проанализированных подходов к изучению мотивации сформулирована концепция исследования, в которой мотивация рассматривается как основная движущая сила осуществления действия. Подчеркивается, что одна из основных проблем, с которой сегодня сталкивается учитель в формировании и поддержании мотивации учащихся, — это поиск и установление баланса между внутренними и внешними факторами мотивации.Обсуждаются предварительные результаты опроса, проведенного с целью операционализации предлагаемой автором концепции мотивации к обучению. Результаты пилотного исследования свидетельствуют об эффективности разработанной системы оперантов для измерения социальных аспектов формирования мотивации. Методика измерения по оперантам, связанным с изучением вовлеченности школьника в образовательный процесс, позволила убедиться, что социальные аспекты внешней мотивации действительно важны. Исследование подтвердило также существенное влияние социальных ценностей на внутреннюю мотивацию школьников. Оценивая методику измерения дальнейших планов современных школьников, автор отмечает, что изучения намерений школьников только после 9-го класса недостаточно для анализа проектируемых образовательных траекторий и целей молодежи, следует изучать также планы после 11-го класса.Анализ результатов пилотного исследования привел к выводу о необходимости дополнения опросного инструментария, в результате чего была сформирована расширенная система концептуальных и операциональных понятий. В 2013–2014 гг. планируются корректировка и апробация инструментария, продолжение опросов и анализ материалов.
Профессиональная подготовка учителей в США: уроки для России
Authors: Sidorkin Alexander
Published: August 2015

Сидоркин Александр Михайлович — Ph. D., декан факультета образования и психологии Роуд-Айленд колледжа (Провиденс, США). Эл. адрес: asidorkin@ric.edu   Адрес: Роуд-Айленд колледж — 600 Mt Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI 02908, United States. Рассматриваются система аккредитации и профессиональные стандарты педагогических факультетов, а также инновационные подходы к улучшению качества подготовки учителей в США. Опыт американских вузов анализируется применительно к основным направлениям потенциальной реформы педагогического образования в России.При осуществлении мер по модернизации российской системы педагогического образования предлагается ориентироваться на сочетание преимуществ российских вузов с наиболее перспективными элементами зарубежного опыта. В связи с неподтвержденной валидностью и необходимостью значительных финансовых затрат не рекомендуется перенимать опыт широкого распространения альтернативных программ педагогического образования и модели добавленной стоимости в оценивании работы педагогических факультетов на основании достижений учеников, обучающихся их выпускниками.. При этом обращается внимание на положительный опыт американской системы профессиональной аккредитации, двухуровневой сертификации учителей, элементов клинической модели подготовки педагогических кадров, направленной на развитие партнерских отношений между вузами и школами и предусматривающей интенсивные формы педагогической практики; а также активной стажировки в школах, позволяющей существенно повысить качество преподавания и снизить текучесть кадров. В качестве наиболее приемлемого варианта аккредитации для российских педагогических программ предлагается разработка существующей общевузовской системы аккредитации с включением в нее специальных стандартов и требований к педагогическим специальностям. Приводятся практические рекомендации по переработке существующих стандартов. Обсуждаются целесообразность интеграции педагогических вузов с университетами и альтернативные способы развития первых. Рассматриваются возможности привлечения талантливых абитуриентов в педвузы, а также преимущества двухступенчатой системы образования для осуществления более высокого уровня подготовки специалистов на основе магистерских программ.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: TRUBILIANO CARLOS ALEXANDRE BARROS , SILVA FABRICIO TREVISAN FLORENTINO DA
Published: August 2015

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Da Cidade Transfigurada à Cidade Transformada: Culturas Juvenis e a Prática do Skate (1970/1980) * Transfigured city to transformed city: Youth cultures and skateboard practice (1970/1980)
Authors: BRANDÃO LEONARDO
Published: August 2015

Resumo: Com aproximadamente 4 milhões de praticantes no país, o skate vem se revelando uma das atividades corporais de maior visibilidade entre os jovens. No entanto, sua prática apresenta peculiaridades que merecem ser observadas. Sua relação com os usos da cidade talvez seja a principal delas. Neste artigo, discorremos sobre a constituição histórica do skate de rua a partir do estudo com revistas especializadas nesta atividade que foram publicadas durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980. Concluímos que a cidade, representada pelos skatistas como um paraíso de infindáveis possibilidades de diversão, acabou sendo transformada não somente pelo olhar transfigurativo do skatista, que lhe emprestou novos sentidos e funções, mas ela mesma acabou se modificando para disciplinar os filhos “rebeldes” que seu processo de urbanização ajudou a criar.

Palavras-chave: História – Cidade – Skate.

 

Abstract: With approximately 4 million practitioners in the country, skateboarding has been revealing one of the most visible body activities among youth. However, its practice has peculiarities which deserve to be observed. Its relationship with the uses of the city is perhaps the main one of them. In this article, we discuss the historical constitution of the street skateboard from the study of magazines specialized in this activity published during the 1970s and 1980s. We conclude that the city, represented by skateboarders as a paradise of endless possibilities for fun, ended up being transformed not only by the skater’s transfigurative look, which lent it new meanings and functions, but it  ended up itself changing to discipline their "rebellious" children  whcih its urbanization process helped create.

Keywords: History – City – Skateboard.
O Recife de Freyre e dos Mangueboys: Visões sobre os Espaços e a Vida da Cidade * The Recife of Freyre and the Mangueboys: Views on the Space and Life of the City
Authors: OLIVEIRA ESDRAS CARLOS DE LIMA
Published: August 2015

Resumo: O presente artigo pretende lançar um olhar sobre o Recife a partir de duas perspectivas. De um lado, o Recife da saudade, das memórias, na obra de Gilberto Freyre Guia Prático e sentimental do Recife; onde o autor enaltece a cidade onde vida, a partir de seu passado de localidade colonial dominante, antes que o mal da Modernidade, avassaladora, a mudasse a  tal ponto que ele já não se reconhecia em certos traços de sua cidade. Do outro lado temos a visão de alguns mangueboys, assim chamados os componentes da cena cultural Manguebeat, na década de 90 do século passado. A Modernidade que modificou a cidade freyreana é vista a partir das periferias nos seus desacertos, no caos da metrópole em que se tornou a outrora bucólica Recife. Andando pela obra desses indivíduos podemos ver as diferentes visões sobre a cidade, dos sobrados e das palafitas ela é vista com tons, sons e sentimentos díspares.

Palavras-chave: Recife – Cidade moderna – Vivências urbanas.

 

Abstract: This paper aims to catch sight of Recife from two distinct perspectives. On one hand, we can see Recife in the memories of Gilberto Freyre in his book Guia Prático e sentimental do Recife, where the author honors the city where he lives starting from his past of dominant colonial location before the evil of devastating Modernity could change it in such a way that he could not recognize certain traces of his city. On the other hand, we have the views of some mangueboys, so called the components of the cultural scene Manguebeat in the 90s last century. The Modernity which changed Freyre’s city is seen from the peripheries in the mistakes, in the chaos of the metropolis in which became the bucolic Recife in the past. Checking the work from these individuals we can see the different views on the city, on the two-storied houses and houses on stilts. It is seen with disparate tones, sounds and feelings.

Keywords: Recife – Modern city – Urban experience.
SILVA, Semíramis Corsi. Magia e Poder no Império Romano - A Apologia de Apuleio. São Paulo: Annablume; Fapesp, 2012, 226 p.
Authors: CAMPOS CARLOS EDUARDO DA COSTA
Published: August 2015

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Precedent Phenomena: Problems of Definition and Classification
Authors:   Saratov State University, Nazarova R. Z. , Zolotarev M. V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: August 2015

The article addresses the problem of precedent phenomena definition and classification from the point of view of the complex approach. Based on the undertaken analysis, the authors give the definition of precedent phenomena, distinguish their main and complementary characteristic features as well as build the hierarchy of the precedent phenomena.
German environment of N. V. Gogol as a Pupil
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ryasov D. L.
Published: August 2015

The article considers Gogol’s letters of his school years in which the German topic is mentioned, as well as contemporaries’ reminiscences complementing the picture with the biographical facts of the future author.
Traditions of slovak Religious Poetry and Catholic Moderna Movement
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kursakova E. I.
Published: August 2015

The article deals with the development of Slovak spiritual poetry as an independent genre that has undergone a complex literary transformation: the first cantionals are created via the Gregorian choral, later they are elaborated into lyric song-prayers, driving the formation of a poetic religious movement Slovak Catholic Moderna in the XXth century.
The «first Moscow notebook» and the Issue of the Great form in Mandelstam’s Poetry of the 1930s
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mints B. A.
Published: August 2015

The article deals with the issues of cyclization in Mandelstam’s poetry of the beginning of the 1930s, based on the materials of the «First Moscow notebook». The object of study is the hierarchy of different types of lyrical entities and some tendencies in the formation of the book of poems in the late works of Mandelstam.
Indigeneity-Grounded Analysis (IGA) as Policy(-Making) Lens: New Zealand Models, Canadian Realities
Authors: Fleras Augie , Maaka Roger
Published: August 2015

Engaging politically with the principles of indigeneity is neither an option nor a cop out. The emergence of Indigenous peoples as prime-time players on the world’s political stage attests to the timeliness and relevance of indigeneity in advancing a new postcolonial contract for living together differently. Insofar as the principles of indigeneity are inextricably linked with challenge, resistance, and transformation, this paper argues that reference to indigeneity as policy(- making) paradigm is both necessary and overdue. To put this argument to the test, the politics of Maori indigeneity in Aotearoa New Zealand are analyzed and assessed in constructing an indigeneity agenda model. The political implications of an indigeneity-policy nexus are then applied to the realities of Canada’s Indigenous/Aboriginal peoples. The paper contends that, just as the Government is committed to a gender based analysis (GBA) for improving policy outcomes along gender lines, so too should the principles of indigeneity (or aboriginality) secure an indigeneity grounded analysis (IGA) framework for minimizing systemic policy bias while maximizing Indigenous peoples inputs. The paper concludes by theorizing those provisional first principles that inform an IGA framework as a policy (-making) lens.
Registered Indian Children's School Success and Intergenerational Effects of Residential Schooling in Canada
Authors: Bougie Evelyne , Senécal Sacha
Published: August 2015

Using the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, this study investigates factors associated with school success (as perceived by parents) among off-reserve Registered Indian children aged 6 to 14 in Canada. Holding other factors constant, Registered Indian children were more likely to be doing well at school if they were living in households with high income, were living in adequately maintained dwellings, or spoke an Aboriginal language at home. Boys and older children, on the other hand, were less likely to be doing well at school, as were children who were living in larger households, experienced food insecurity, or had parents who attended residential school. Mediation analyses revealed that the negative intergenerational effect of parental residential schooling on children’s school success was partially attributable to household characteristics or economic status. Indeed, former residential school attendees were found to be more likely to live in households with a lower income, live in larger households, and report that their family had experienced food insecurity. These characteristics were, in turn, found to be negatively associated with children’s school success.
Restoring the Balance: First Nations Women, Community, and Culture
Authors: Rodríguez de France María del Carmen
Published: August 2015

With empowering stories and histories from twelve Aboriginal women who are leaders in different contexts and communities, the book acknowledges and celebrates the contributions of Aboriginal women to diverse fields of work and disciplines such as art, culture, politics, language, law, community, education, and social activism. About the Authors Eric Guimond is an assistant director at the Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate at Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Gail Guthrie Valaskakis was a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Concordia University and was a leading authority on Aboriginal Media and Communication. She passed away in 2007. Madeleine Dion Stout is a former nurse and founding director of the Centre of Aboriginal Education, Research, and Culture at Carleton University.
Toward a New Era of Policy: Health Care Service Delivery to First Nations
Authors: Kelly Miranda D
Published: August 2015

The disproportionate burdens of ill health experienced by First Nations have been attributed to an uncoordinated, fragmented health care system. This system is rooted in public policies that have created jurisdictional gaps and a long-standing debate between federal, provincial and First Nations governments as to who is responsible for First Nations health care. This article examines: (1) the policies that shape First Nations health care in Canada and in the province of British Columbia (BC) specifically; (2) the interests of the actors involved in First Nations health policy; and (3) recent developments in BC that present an opportunity for change to First Nations health policy development and have broader implications for Indigenous health policy across Canada and worldwide.
Validation of a Culturally Appropriate Social Capital Framework to Explore Health Conditions in Canadian First Nations Communities
Authors: Mignone Javier , Elias Brenda , Hall Madelyn
Published: August 2015

An earlier study of our research group formulated a conceptual framework of social capital for First Nation communities and developed a culturally appropriate instrument for its measurement. We tested this instrument further with the Manitoba (Canada) First Nations Regional Health Survey, 2003. Using data from this survey, we investigated the bonding dimension of the social capital conceptual framework, with a total sample of 2,765 First Nations individuals living in 24 Manitoba First Nations communities. Twenty seven Likert-scale survey questions measured aspects of bonding social capital, socially-invested resources, ethos, and networks. Validation analyses included an evaluation of internal consistency, factor analyses to explore how well the items clustered together into the components of the social capital framework, and the ability of the items to discriminate across the communities represented in the sample. Cronbach’s Alpha was computed on the 27 scale items, producing an Alpha of 0.84 indicating high internal consistency. The factor analyses produced five distinct factors with a total explained variance of 54.3%. Lastly, a one-way analysis of variance run by community produced highly significant F-ratios between the groups on all twenty-seven bonding items. The culturally-sensitive items included in the social capital framework were found to be an appropriate tool to measure bonding aspects among Manitoba First Nations communities. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Serious Complications for Patients, Care Providers and Policy Makers: Tackling the Structural Violence of First Nations People Living with Diabetes in Canada
Authors: Maar Marion A , Manitowabi Darrel , Gzik Danusia , McGregor Lorrilee , Corbiere Cheri
Published: August 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder that affects Aboriginal people disproportionately around the world. Evidence shows that diabetes treatment strategies can effectively reduce complications related to the disease; in contrast many Aboriginal people develop these rapidly and at a young age. We conducted qualitative research on the barriers to evidence-based self-management behaviours and education from the perspectives of Aboriginal people living with type 2 diabetes and their health care providers on Manitoulin Island in Ontario, Canada. Applying the concept of structural violence, we analyzed the social and political arrangements that can put Aboriginal people with diabetes “in harm’s way” by interfering with diabetes management. Lastly, we provide recommendations for structural interventions.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Review
Authors: Hampton Marissa Martinez
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Acute infection of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is detrimental to the developing fetus. In the United States, approximately 1 in 10,000 live births are affected by congenital toxoplasmosis. Although multifactorial in etiology, maternal infection is primarily attributed to the consumption of contaminated meat or water. Infection and transmission to the fetus may result in devastating neurologic impairment. Screening methods for all pregnant women should be implemented in routine prenatal care. This article will highlight the inherent dangers of congenital toxoplasmosis, while including general care of the fetus for prevention of transmission, medical management, and long-term outcomes.
Herpes Simplex Virus: Beyond the Basics
Authors: Kobty Magidah
Published: August 2015

Abstract

One of the most common sexually transmitted infections is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2. Although the incidence of newborn infection is not as common as in adults, approximately 1,500 neonates are diagnosed annually with HSV infection. HSV can be detrimental to the life of a newborn, with morbidity and mortality rates of up to 65 percent. This article addresses the maternal and fetal complications of HSV and the impact of HSV on the newborn along with diagnostic evaluation methods. In addition, treatment options and evidence-based practices regarding HSV are defined. Despite growing technology and medical treatment for early identification of HSV, this virus remains challenging and can deeply impact the life of an infant and his or her family. Early diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of an infant with HSV are crucial to ensure the livelihood of the newborn.
Clinical Comparison of Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and a Gelatin Sponge in the Management of Palatal Wounds After Epithelialized Free Gingival Graft Harvest: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Femminella Beatrice , Iaconi Maria Chiara , Di Tullio Marcella , Romano Luigi , Sinjari Bruna , D’Arcangelo Camillo , De Ninis Paolo , Paolantonio Michele
Published: August 2015

Background: Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) promotes tissue regeneration by releasing various growth factors. The palatal donor site of the epithelialized connective tissue (CT) graft significantly influences the patient’s morbidity. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of PRF and gelatin sponge on the healing of palatal donor sites and the patient’s morbidity.

Methods: Forty patients with at least one site of Miller Class I or II gingival recession were treated by a coronally advanced flap with CT graft resulting from the de‐epithelialization of a free gingival graft. In the test group (20 patients), a PRF membrane was placed over the palatal wounds; conversely, the 20 control group patients were treated with an absorbable gelatin sponge. Patients were monitored at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery for the complete re‐epithelialization of the palatal wound (CWE), the alteration of sensitivity around the wound area, postoperative discomfort, and changes in feeding habits (CFH). Furthermore, the consumption of analgesics during the postoperative week 1 was assessed.

Results: The test group showed a significantly faster CWE (P <0.001); 35% of the test patients showed CWE at the end of week 2 (controls, 10%), whereas at the end of week 3, all palatal wounds in the test patients epithelialized completely (controls, 25%). Similarly, test patients reported significantly less discomfort and CFH (P ≤ 0.02) and took a significantly lower dose of analgesics (P = 0.02).

Conclusion: The PRF‐enriched palatal bandage significantly accelerates palatal wound healing and reduces the patient’s morbidity.
Evaluation of MicroRNA‐146a and Its Targets in Gingival Tissues of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Motedayyen Hossein , Ghotloo Somayeh , Saffari Mahmood , Sattari Mandana , Amid Reza
Published: August 2015

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‐coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. miRNA‐146a (miR‐146a), a member of the miR‐146 family, is involved in the control of inflammation. Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth that lead to the breakdown of alveolar bone and tooth loss. In this study, expression levels of miR‐146a and its targets, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6, are evaluated in human patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: The study population consisted of 10 healthy controls and 20 individuals with CP. For each participant, clinical parameters including probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured, and a gingival tissue sample was collected. Levels of miR‐146a, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Levels of miR‐146a were significantly higher in patients with CP (P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between levels of miR‐146a and clinical parameters (P <0.05). Elevated miR‐146a was accompanied by a significant reduction in TNF‐α and IL‐6 (P <0.001).

Conclusions: Patients with CP had higher levels of miR‐146a than healthy individuals, accompanied by reduced levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6. A positive relationship between miR‐146a levels and clinical parameters suggests a pathophysiologic role of miR‐146a in CP.