bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inferring the Interstellar Magnetic Field Direction from Energetic Neutral Atom Observations of the Heliotail
Authors: Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Dayeh M. A. , Sokół J. M. , Chen Y. , Powell E. , Turner D. L. , Baliukin I. , Dialynas K. , Izmodenov V.
Published: May 2024

Determining the magnitude and direction of the interstellar magnetic field (B
ISM) is a long-standing problem. To date, some methods to infer the direction and magnitude have utilized best-fit models to the positions of the termination shock and heliopause measured by Voyager 1 and 2. Other models use the circularity of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) ribbon assuming a secondary energetic neutral atom (ENA) mechanism. Previous studies have revealed that the B
ISM organizes the orientation of the heliotail with respect to the solar meridian. Here we propose a new way to infer the direction of the B
ISM based on ENA observations of the heliotail. IBEX observations of the heliotail have revealed high-latitude lobes of enhanced ENA flux at energies >2 keV. Analyses showed that the high-latitude lobes are nearly aligned with the solar meridian, while also exhibiting a rotation with solar cycle. We show, using steady-state solar wind conditions, that the inclination of the lobes reproduced with commonly used values for the angle (α

BV
) between B
ISM and the interstellar flow in the hydrogen deflection plane (40° < α

BV
< 60°) is inconsistent with the IBEX ENA observations. We report that 0° < α

BV
< 20° best replicates the heliotail lobe inclinations observed by IBEX. Additionally, our model results indicate that the variation of the solar magnetic field magnitude with solar cycle causes the longitudinal rotation of the lobes observed by IBEX by affecting the inclination of the lobes.
Why the Laplace Resonant Angle is So Special
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: May 2024

We analyze adjacent local pairs of mean-motion resonances (MMRs) between three orbiting bodies designed to produce a Laplace resonant phase angle φ
L or one of its multiples N
φ
L, where integer N ≥ 2. This assumption yields a concrete pattern of Laplace resonances, very few of which (with angles φ
L and 2φ
L) have been observed in actual (extra)solar subsystems. All other MMRs face issues of proximity or remoteness of the orbits (they are too close or too far apart). We highlight one as yet unobservable MMR in each N-sequence for which these issues appear to be less acute.
Osteology of the skull of the blind snake Helminthophis flavoterminatus (Peters, 1857) (Serpentes, Anomalepididae)
Authors: Marra Santos Fidélis Júnio
Published: May 2024

The blind snake Helminthophis flavoterminatus (Peters, 1857) is a species of Anomalepididae with distribution throughout northwestern Venezuela and western Colombia. Its osteology is poorly known, and thus this study presents information on its skull structure based on High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography. The absence of the supraoccipital bone can be used for the determination of H. flavoterminatus in relation to its congeners, Helminthophis frontalis (Peters, 1860) and Helminthophis praeocularis Amaral, 1924.
On the occurrence of the deep-sea barnacle Tetrachaelasma southwardi Newman & Ross, 1971 (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Bathylasmatidae) in the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon, Argentina: supplementary description and taxonomic remarks on the genus
Authors: Chiesa Ignacio L. , Pereira Emanuel , Roccatagliata Daniel
Published: May 2024

Tetrachaelasma southwardi Newman & Ross, 1971, a bathylasmatine balanomorph, has been recorded from the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon (ca. 38°S, off the coast of Argentina), at two stations located at significantly different depths (1950 m and 2934 m). A total of 29 specimens, complete or damaged but with soft parts intact, were collected. This unusually large number of well-preserved specimens allows us to add supplementary descriptions and document intraspecific morphological variations. The differences between T. southwardi and T. tasmanicum Buckeridge, 1999, the second species of this genus, are re-evaluated. A map and an updated list including all the records of the genus Tetrachaelasma Newman & Ross, 1971 are provided. The distribution of the genus Tetrachaelasma in the Southern Ocean is discussed. Furthermore, a single specimen of another bathylasmatine balanomorph, which was assigned to the genus Bathylasma Newman & Ross, 1971, was also obtained at the 1950 m station herein studied. This is the first record of the genus Bathylasma from the South-West Atlantic. This specimen has one T. southwardi attached to it, marking the first time that members of these two genera have been found living together.
Numerical simulation study on heat performance and pressure loss of solar air heater with sinusoidal baffles
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Lingning , Chang Yuan , Song Yang , Wang Liang
Published: May 2024

Heat performance and internal pressure loss are important reference standards in solar air heaters (SAH). In order to solve the problem of too large a pressure loss in SAH, an innovative SAH with sinusoidal baffles was proposed on the basis of folded baffle and semi-circular baffle air heaters. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation calculation was performed for the SAH with sinusoidal baffles, and the relevant parameters, such as the heat collection efficiency and the pressure loss, were analyzed. The results showed that the sinusoidal baffle had a better heat collection performance and a smaller pressure loss compared to the folded baffle and the semi-circular baffle. A sinusoidal baffle can further improve the thermal performance of SAH. The simulation calculation of wave lengths for sinusoidal baffles revealed that when the wavelength value was 200 mm, the SAH had the best heat collection effect, and the heat collection efficiency was 64.49%. On the basis of determining the wavelength, the wave height of the sinusoidal baffle was studied. When the wave height was 30 mm, the minimum pressure loss of the SAH was 17.51 Pa, and the maximum heat collection efficiency was 64.91%. Analyses and research on the Reynolds number of the air inlet showed that as the Reynolds number increased, the collection efficiency and internal pressure loss gradually increased, while the outlet temperature decreased. The curve fitting of the imported Reynolds number and the pressure loss showed that the accuracy of pressure loss fitting curve is 0.997. Research on a double-layer SAH showed that the cross different inlet (CDI) had the best collector performance. This research has a high practicality and can provide a theoretical basis for winter air heating.
A characterization of Wolf and Schechter essential pseudospectra
Authors: Smail Sara , Belabbaci Chafika
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to provide new results on the Wolf and Schechter essential pseudospectra of bounded linear operators on a Banach space. More precisely, we characterize the Wolf and Schechter essential pseudospectra by using the notion of Fredholm perturbation. Also, we state the condition under which the Wolf (respectively, Schechter) essential pseudospectrum of two different bounded linear operators coincides. Furthermore, we give some characterizations of the Wolf and Schechter essential pseudospectra of $ 3\times 3 $ upper triangular block operator matrices.
Social Development, Change, and Progress
Authors: Midgley James
Published: May 2024

The following article is a revised version of the 2021 Khinduka Lecture given at the 22nd Biennial Meeting of the International Consortium for Social Development (ICSD) held in Johannesburg, South Africa in July 2021. The lecture discusses the concepts of change and progress, which have played a prominent role in social development thinking over the years. It reviews some of the changes that have taken place during Professor Khinduka’s lifetime, noting that there have been huge shifts in geopolitics, economics, living standards, attitudes, communications, and science and technology. It then asks whether these changes have brought real progress to the world’s people and considers different views on the subject by leading thinkers. In contrast to the views of those who take a pessimistic view with those who have reached optimistic conclusions, it suggests that the situation is mixed, with progress being recorded in some fields but not in others. It concludes by asking how social development advocates can bring about progressive change and progress.
Optimizing Trust and Security in Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Mohanraj G. , Krishna K. Srinivasa , Lakshmi Bandaru Satya , Vijayalakshmi A. , Pramila P. V. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: May 2024

The chapter discusses the role of the internet of medical things (IoMT) in healthcare 4.0, focusing on human factors, trust-centric design, and lightweight security. It emphasizes the importance of user-centric design principles for seamless integration and widespread acceptance. Trust is emphasized, and strategies for establishing and nurturing it are discussed. The chapter also discusses lightweight security solutions for IoMT devices, focusing on interoperability, standards, and evolving ecosystems to ensure robust data protection. This chapter emphasizes the significance of user education and engagement in IoMT ecosystems, using case studies and best practices to provide actionable insights. It also looks ahead to the future of IoMT and Healthcare 4.0, acknowledging challenges and opportunities.
The Role of AI Ethics in Cost and Complexity Reduction
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2024

This chapter underscores the intrinsic connection between AI ethics and contemporary business dynamics, elucidating how ethical considerations can serve as facilitators for cost control and operational simplification. It offers a comprehensive exploration of how corporations can harness ethical principles to augment efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. This exploration delves into the impediments, strategic methodologies, and tangible benefits associated with the ethical deployment of AI. Commencing with a succinct overview of AI ethics, the chapter delineates key concepts, notably responsibility, justice, and transparency, thereby establishing a foundational understanding of their pivotal significance across diverse business scenarios. The intricate correlation between AI implementation and cost management is accentuated, with a focal point on how ethical AI practices contribute to cost savings and operational streamlining.
Economic Growth and Blockchain Technology Inferences in E-Mobility
Authors: Ravisankar A. , Mangai S. Alamelu , Saravanan P. , Raman S Venkat , Ramya D. , Sharma Boopa
Published: May 2024

The chapter explores the link between economic growth and blockchain technology in the e-mobility sector, highlighting the symbiotic relationship between these forces. Economic growth drives the adoption of e-mobility solutions, as economies focus on sustainability, efficiency, and reducing carbon emissions. E-mobility offers eco-friendly alternatives to traditional vehicles, driven by government subsidies, consumer demand, and technological advancements. Blockchain technology can transform e-mobility ecosystems by addressing infrastructure management, interoperability, and data security challenges. It can streamline transactions, enable peer-to-peer energy trading, and facilitate transparent supply chains. The chapter also highlights the potential of integrating blockchain into e-mobility infrastructure to improve efficiency, reduce operational costs, and mitigate environmental impact. It emphasizes the importance of public-private partnerships and regulatory frameworks in fostering blockchain-enabled e-mobility ecosystem growth.
AI-Driven Job Displacement and Economic Impacts
Authors: Ramarajan M. , Dinesh A. , Muthuraman Chitra , Rajini J. , Anand Taruna , Segar B.
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the ethical implications of AI-driven technologies, particularly job displacement and economic impact. It emphasizes the need for transparency in AI algorithms and decision-making processes to foster trust and accountability. The paper also advocates for proactive measures like reskilling and upskilling programs to empower workers for future jobs and mitigate adverse effects on employment and economic stability. The paper emphasizes the significance of stakeholder engagement and inclusive decision-making in aligning AI deployment with societal values. It also discusses the role of government policies in preventing discrimination and promoting equal opportunities. The paper also highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and evaluation to assess the ethical implications of AI-driven job displacement. By prioritizing ethical principles, organizations can navigate AI's transformative potential while minimizing socio-economic impacts.
Blockchain in Advertising and Marketing
Authors: Manda Vijaya Kittu , Sagi Srikantalahari , Yadav Anuradha
Published: May 2024

Blockchain technology can potentially bring several positive changes in the marketing and advertising domain. This chapter explains the core features and advantages that the technology brings to marketing practices. The chapter examines how Blockchain can improve transparency, security, and trust in marketing and advertising transactions. Few real-world applications of Blockchain in digital advertising, customer data management, and loyalty programs are presented. The core message is that features of Blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, and security, can fundamentally change how customers interact, manage data, and trust advertisers and brands, especially in the connected online digital world. By integrating Blockchain principles, organizations can enhance customer engagement, optimize marketing campaigns, and prioritize ethical practices. Customers have better control and ownership of data and can decide who, when, and for what timeframe they can access it.
Mapping the Research on Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Boateng Sheena Lovia , Penu Obed Kwame Adzaku , Budu Joseph , Boateng Richard , Marfo John Serbe , Anning-Dorson Thomas , Broni Frederick Edem Junior
Published: May 2024

Despite the increasing popularity and research focus on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis of relevant papers has been conducted. Our review examines 127 Scopus-indexed publications from 2007 to October 2023. The inquiry explores thematic progression, geographical production trends, and seminal works shaping the discourse. Notably, while authors from Asia, mainly China, lead in publication volume, influential works from the USA, the UK, and Australia attract significant scholarly attention. The analysis reveals a prominent trend: highly cited papers often lack theoretical frameworks, with literature reviews and conceptual analyses prevailing over empirical investigations. When theoretical foundations are present, diverse theories are often amalgamated. In conclusion, our review highlights numerous avenues for future academic exploration in this domain. Pragmatically, our effort, the first of its kind, consolidates fragmented insights, providing a cohesive understanding of AI's pivotal role in entrepreneurship.
Improvement of Computer Adaptive Multistage Testing Algorithm Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia
Published: May 2024

Multistage testing (MST) is a portion of computational adaptive testing that adapts assessment structure at the sublevel rather than the component level. The goal of the MST algorithm is to identify bugs in computer programming, and there is a significant cost to utilising MST due to its decreased versatility during software development and maintenance. The efficiency of most algorithms drastically reduces for adaptive MST with complex feasible regions, while some modern algorithms function well while tackling computerised MST with a basic practicable range. The study offers an automated Adaptive Multistage Testing algorithm based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AMST-AGA) for optimisation and scalability problems, in which constraints are successively introduced and dealt with at various evolutionary phases. In this paper, many test cases will aid in finding bugs and meeting completeness goals. Each time test cases are created, these testing scenarios must continue to pass.
The Impact of Pulsed Electric Field Technology on Enzymes, Microbial and Nutritional Quality in Milk Processing - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Adhipaththu W. A. M. B. W. , Christopher M. S. , Marasingha M. M. M. T. , Thunmuduna T. A. S. V. , Udayanga M. H. S.
Published: May 2024

A pulsed electric field is a non-thermal technology used in the processing of foods, especially liquid foods such as milk, fruit juices, etc. The objective of this review is to provide an understanding of pulsed electric field technology and its application in milk processing, particularly in whole milk, skim milk, and UHT milk. This technology can be used as an alternative to traditional heat treatments such as pasteurizing, hot filling, blanching, and sterilization. In this technology, short high-intensity electric field is used at moderate temperatures. A pulsed electric field is an effective technology to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes with minimum changes in nutritional, functional, and organoleptic qualities compared to heat treatments. Pathogenic and spoilage bacteria can be reduced effectively when using pulsed electric field technology. However, there are variations between studies. As a recent advance, the pulsed electric field is used with mild heating. This shows a significant reduction in microbial count with less detrimental effects on the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of food. It also has minimal impact on nutrients present in the milk such as proteins, milk fat globules, and vitamins. In this review, we describe in detail the introduction, the principle of pulsed electric field, the impact of pulsed electric field on microorganisms, enzymes, and nutrients, and the advantages and disadvantages of using PEF technology. Further studies can be conducted to investigate the combined approach of the pulsed electric field with mild heating treatment methods including pasteurization and sterilization.
Reliability and validity analysis of Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 (LURN SI-10) questionnaire
Authors: Akan Serkan , Tavukcu Hasan Huseyin , Culpan Meftun , Cella David
Published: May 2024

Introduction: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 (LURN SI-10).
Materials and methods: In this, single-centre study, patients between 18 and 65 years old, who were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without any known urinary tract disease and on no medication, were enrolled. The control group consisted of participants, who were admitted to our clinic suffering from any complaint except LUTS and met all of the other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants’ demographics such as age, sex, and level of education were recorded. The Turkish version of the LURN SI-10, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8) were administered to all participants. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity was evaluated with correlations to similar measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was used to establish the scale's internal consistency reliability.
Results: A total of 164 participants were included in the final analysis. Of those, 57% were male. The individuals were identified as being in the “patient group” (n = 86) and a “control group” (n = 78). The mean age was 48.24 ± 14.30 years. The median total LURN SI-10 scores of patient group and control group were 12.0 (9-18.25) and 4.0 (2.75-6), respectively. The LURN SI-10 questionnaire showed a high correlation with the IPSS and the OAB-V8 questionnaires (r: 0.761; p: 0.001; r: 0.737; p: 0.001, respectively) in concurrent validity analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the LURN SI-10 was 0.850.
Conclusions: This promising measurement tool can be used to evaluate LUTS in Turkish women and men. Further studies should be conducted to assess the clinical usefulness of this questionnaire.
Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population
Authors: Panarelli Roberta , Caputo Cosima , Cavino Giovanna , Scarpa Antonio , Giordano Lucia , Palmiero Pasquale
Published: May 2024

The epidemic of chronic cardiovascular diseases must be managed and prevented. We examine if a sample of 65-75-yearolds knows and practices the right lifestyles to prevent chronic cardiovascular diseases, their habits and risk levels, and whether the paradigm of cardiovascular prevention needs to change. We recruited 153 men (50.2%) and 152 women (49.8%), aged 65- 70 for 55% and 71-75 for 45%. Most were overweight (38.2%), obese (28.2%), and normal (33.6%). 67.1% trusted to eat right, and only 20.6% always ate low-salt. 54.4% of our population considers their exercise sufficient, but 83% do not practice it, and 72.3% know the importance of daily exercise. 54.3% consider themselves healthy, but 51% have chronic diseases, including arterial hypertension (37.2%), diabetes (23.1%), heart failure (20.5%), and chronic obstructive bronchopathy (21.8%). Understanding the disease, its effects, and complications, and taking care of one’s health can help people live longer and prevent cardiovascular events.
Accurate Price prediction by Double Deep Q-Network
Authors: Feizi Derakhshi Mohammd Reza , Lotfimanesh Bahram , Amani Omid
Published: May 2024

For more than several decades, time series data have been in the center of attention for scholars to predict the future prices of the markets, the most fundamental and challenging of which has been the prediction of the price of the stock market. It is of great importance to note that the algorithms with the fewest errors in price predictions are more applicable. There have been more methods suggested for price prediction in the stock markets: time series data analysis, mathematical and statistical analysis, signal processing, pattern recognition and machine learning. One of the demerits of the aforementioned methods is failing to recognize sudden change of prices, in this regard, experiencing more errors is the consequence of such demerit. In this regard, to have the error solved, the DDQN algorithm, consisting of deep neural networks which includes LSTM-CNN layers, has been employed. Confronting price fluctuations, the agent has the privilege of having better performance by employing the advantages of LSTM-CNN layers. In this research, the algorithm has been carried out over Iranian Gold Market, including six various types of Gold, from 2009 to 2020. The results reveal the point that the given method is more precise in comparison with other suggested methods confronting sudden changes in prices.
Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review
Authors: Kim Eric Eunshik , Park Chul-Kee , Kang Koung Mi , Kwak Yoonjin , Park Sung-Hye , Won Jae-Kyung
Published: May 2024

An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion. The case is notable for its intra-axial presentation that clinico-radiologically mimicked glioma.
Genetic diversity and heritability of tomato parental lines assembled for Ralstonia solanacearum resistance
Authors: Mukamanasasira G. , Adjei E.A. , Rubaihayo P. , Ddamulira G. , Edema R.
Published: May 2024

Bacterial wilt is a disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which affects over 450 plant species and causes significant reduction in crop yields including of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Developing and identifying tomato genotypes with Ralstonia solanacearum tolerance and high yield potential, presents an opportunity for improvement of crop productivity. The objective of this study was to explore the heritability of tomato resistance against bacterial wilt and the genetic variation within the population for breeding purposes. A breeding population was created by crossing two bacterial wilt-resistant (MT56 and BL333) and three commercially desirable susceptible (Assila, Rambo and Heinz) tomato varieties, using North Carolina Design II, in a screen house at the Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK). Results showed that the Area Under Disease Progress Curve was significant (P<0.001), indicating that cumulative disease progress was less in resistant genotypes of segregating generations. Disease severity increased with days after inoculation (DAI), with Heinz showing the highest level of susceptibility. The General Combining Ability for male parent (GCAm) was significant (P< 0.01), and Specific Combining Ability (SCAf×m) and GCAf were significant (P<0.01) for the F2 generation. Broad-sense heritability was higher than the narrow-sense heritability in both F1 and F2 generations, suggesting that non-additive gene action predominately controlled tomato resistance to bacterial wilt infestation. The genetic diversity ranged from 0.5 to 0.6759, with a mean value of 0.5787. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.375 to 0.6357, with a mean of 0.4888, indicating a high degree of variation. SLM 12-2 was the most polymorphic marker, with a PIC of 0.6357. The Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) classified all tomato genotypes into six clusters, namely Clusters 1 and 2 (Susceptible parents), Cluster 3 (Resistant parents), Clusters 4 and 5 (New source of resistance), and Cluster 6 (F1P1×P5).
Newborn and infant hearing screening for early detection of hearing loss in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ndegwa Serah , Tucci Debara , Lemons James , Murila Florence , Shepherd Susan , Mwangi Moses , Macharia Isaac , Ayugi John
Published: May 2024

Background: Early detection of hearing loss and subsequent intervention leads to better speech, languageand educational outcomes giving way to improved social economic prospects in adult life. This can be achieved through establishing newborn and infant hearing screening programs.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in newborns and infants in Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted at the National hospital and at a sub county hospital immunization clinic. A total of 9,963 babies aged 0-3 years, were enrolled in the hearing screening program through convenient sampling over a period of nine months. A case history was administered followed by Distortion Product Oto-acoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) hearing screening.
Results: The screening coverage rate was 98.6% (9963/10,104). The referral rate for the initial screen was 3.6% (356/ 9,963), the return rate for follow-up rescreening was 72% (258 babies out of 356) with a lost to follow-up rate of 28% (98/356). The referral rate of the second screen was 10% (26/258). All the 26 babies referred from the second screen returned for diagnostic hearing evaluation and were confirmed with hearing loss, yielding a prevalence of 3/1000.
Conclusions: Establishing universal newborn and infant hearing screening programs is essential for early detection and intervention for hearing loss. Data management and efficient follow-up systems are an integral part of achieving diagnostic confirmation of hearing loss and early intervention.
Keywords: Hearing screening; newborn; infant; hearing loss; early detection; Kenya.
Elderly people’s perceptions on the use of mobile phones to support the self-management of long-term illnesses at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital
Authors: Mulinde Peterson
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The global estimate of the aging population is progressively increasing in low and middle-income countries and this is accompanied by the limitations associated with the need for equitable and efficient healthcare delivery among this dire population. Unfortunately, despite the increasing numbers, the adoption of mobile phones is not balanced in the different populations with research showing young persons’ adoption rate is higher than that of elderly persons.
Objective: This current study was conducted to identify elderly people’s perceptions of the use of mobile phones to support the self-management of long-term illnesses at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital.
Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional design study was conducted on a sample population of 30 elderly individuals older than 60 years admitted at the outpatient department of Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. We conducted face-to-face interviews following an interview guide and one focus group discussion. We later used a feature mobile phone and a tablet mobile phone to assess the individual ease of use of each device. The audio recordings were professionally transcribed and transcripts were coded into NVIVO version 12 analysis software for thematic analysis
Results: Almost all of the respondents who visited the facility had an ailment that hindered their full utilization of the mobile phone to support their self-care. This together with other factors like financial constraints, lack of support from the health workers on how to use mobile phones to support health, inadequate support from the facility, and cost of mobile data among others.
Background and Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence that there is hardly a known mobile phone adoption model to enable policymakers, systems developers, and health workers to promote the elderly population’s use of mobile phones to manage their long-term illnesses in Uganda.
Keywords: Healthcare technology; older persons; mobile phone.
Response of root growth parameters and nutrient uptake of cowpea (Vigna unguculata L.)to rates of organic manure
Authors: Ogbuehi H.C. , Emeribe E.O.
Published: May 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different organic manure sources on Root growth parameters and nutrient uptake  of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.). The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Imo  State University, Owerri. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with five treatments replicated  four times. The treatments are 0 ton T1 (Control), T2 (10tons and pig manure), T3 (15tons of pig manure), T4 (10tons of poultry manure),  and T5 (15 tons of pig manure). From the result of the experiment, the application of poultry manure significantly improved, the number  of roots, root length, root dry matter, phosphorus, and potassium uptake at various growth stages of data collection. The result also  showed that pig manure significantly improved the percentage of emergence, plant height, number of leaves, Nitrogen uptake, and high  number of pods (9.75), seed weight (101.47g), and yield 924.16kg/ha). The cowpea responded significantly in both root growth   parameters and nutrient uptake to pig manure and poultry manure at the rates used.
Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of trichoderma harzianum against fusarium oxysporium in tomatoes ( Solanum esculentum L.)
Authors: Jacinta N. Akalazu
Published: May 2024

Utilizing biological techniques to manage plant diseases has demonstrated efficacy in fostering ecosystem sustainability and augmenting  agricultural output and quality. A study was undertaken at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Imo State  University, Owerri, Nigeria to evaluate the suppressive impact of T. harzianum on the proliferation of F. oxysporusm f. sp. lycopersici, and  the advancement of F. oxysporum infection in tomato plants. The trial comprised culturing only T. harzianum in the Petri dish, culturing T.   harzianum and F. oxysporum in the Petri dish (dual culture), and culturing only F. oxysporum in the petri dish, and with Mancozeb. The  influence of T. harzianum on the advancement of F. oxysporum infection in tomato plants comprises of four distinct concentrations (1g, 2g,  3g, and 4g) of T. harzianum extract. The results revealed that the dual culture of T. harzianum and F. oxysporum successfully  suppressed the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. On the seventh day, the level of antagonistic activity exhibited by T. harzianum against F.  oxysporum peaked at 9.05mm. Leaf yellowing and severe wilting, indicative of Fusarium wilt, were seen during the monitoring period.  Tomato disease incidence and severity exhibited a consistent linear decline with increasing concentrations of T. harzianum. The disease  severity reached its maximum level, (31.6%) on week four. Mancozeb treatment compared favorably with 4g T. harzianum in decreasing  the mycelial growth of F. oxysporium, and reducing wilt incidence and severity. Therefore, T. harzianum can function as a biocontrol  agent, providing a sustainable substitute for synthetic fungicides in the control ofFusariumoxysporium wilt disease.
Varying Levels of Proficiency in the Delivery of Value Engineering Objectives among Built Environment and Allied Professionals in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ataguba J. O. , Bioku O. J.
Published: May 2024

Value Engineering (VE) practices analyze designed building features, systems, equipment, and material selections to achieve essential functions and enhance results while reducing the life-cycle cost. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the varying levels of proficiency in the delivery of VE objectives among the Built Environment and allied professionals in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were harnessed from 94 study questionnaires administered across strata of these professionals in the study area. It was found that Architects, Builders, Engineers, Estate Surveyors and Valuers, and Town Planners in the study area exhibited varied levels of proficiencies across specific value engineering objectives (VEOs), whereas project managers and quantity surveyors exhibited very high-, and high levels of proficiency in the delivery of all the ten VEOs respectively. The variation which is an indication of their diversified skills in project cost management and control was significantly determined by the ten VE objectives commencing with enhancing of project functionality and terminating with minimizing project operating cost. The study recommended project managers and quantity surveyors as first- and second choice professionals in value workshop facilitation, given their high levels of proficiency in the delivery of these VEOs.
Biostimulation Potential of Nypa fruticans Ash on Indegenous Heterotrophic Bacteria and Fungi for Enhanced Remediation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil at B. Dere, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Gbosidom V. L. , Amadi N. , Ngerebara N. N. , Nwokoma O. A. F. , Okoroafor L.
Published: May 2024

This study was designed to evaluate the biostimulation potential of Nypa feuticans ash on the growth of indigenous heterotrophic bacteria and fungi for enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon polluted soil at B. Dere, Rivers State, Nigeria in an ex-situ experiment, using the completely randomized split plot experimental design. 2kg of oil polluted soils were treated with 10g, 20g, 30g, 40g, 50g and 60g of Nypa fruticans ash and monitored for biostimulation and growth of indigenous biodegrading heterotrophic bacteria (THBC) and fungi (THFC). The results of four months post residual and cumulative effect on treated soil showed optimum improvement of microbial load at 60g/2kg treatment of Nypa fruticans ash. Findings on THBC for post residual treatment soil ranged from 0.1×10⁵ to 8.0 ×10⁴ cfu/g, while the THFC ranged from 0.1×10⁴ to 3.0 ×10⁴ cfu/g. THBC for post cumulative treated soil ranged from 2.7 ×10⁵ to 9.0 ×10⁴ cfu/g, while THFC ranged from 0.2 × 10⁴ to 3.0 ×10⁴ cfu/g. Three bacteria genera isolated from the post treated soil ware Bacillus spp. (36.3%), Clostridium spp (33.4%) and staphylococcus spp. (30.3%), while two fungi genera namelyYeast spp. (58%) and Muccor spp. (42%) were isolated from the post treated soil. The high-count THB and THF recorded in both residual and cumulative treated soil compared to the oil polluted untreated soil is attributed to Nypa fruticans ash capacity to neutralize the toxic effects of the crude oil on the microbial population by rapid improvement of the soil physiochemical properties, favoring the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the soil. This study has shown that treatment of crude oil polluted soil with Nypa fruticans ash at 60g/2kg showed optimum improvement which enhanced the biostimulation and growth of indigenous petroleum degrading microorganism.
Structural Properties of Thermoluminescence Dosimeter Materials, Preparation, Application, and Adaptability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Efenji G. I. , Iskandar S. M. , Yusof N. N. , Rabba J. A. , Mustapha O. I. , Fadhirul I. M. , Umar S. A. , Kamgba F. A. , Ushie P. O. , Munirah J. , Thair H. K. , Nabasu S. E. , Hayder S. N. , Oke A. O.
Published: May 2024

Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are widely used in radiation dosimetry due to their excellent properties, such as high sensitivity, small size, and ability to measure low doses of radiation. This review focuses on the structural properties of TLD materials, as well as their preparation, application, and adaptability. The review covers the various types of TLD materials, crystal structure, and properties, including energy response and fading characteristics. The different methods used to prepare TLD materials, such as solid-state synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, and solution growth methods, are discussed in detail. The review also includes a detailed discussion of the various applications of TLDs, including medical, environmental, and industrial radiation dosimetry. Extensive information on TLD is reviewed, and the TL characteristics that have a noticeable impact on the TL dosimetry potential for human and other purpose utilisation, such as mineral, oil, and gas resource investigation, can be done using natural and artificial TL signals. Information on TL measurement process requirements and the TL characteristics that have a noticeable impact on a compound TL dosimetry potential are also addressed. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the adaptability of TLD materials to different dosimetry applications and their potential use in the future.
Molecular Toxicity of Popular Toothpaste Formulations on Post-Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ogunwole G. A. , Kolawole Y. F. , Ayibiowu T. E. , Oyewole O. A.
Published: May 2024

The widespread use of toothpaste containing various chemical formulations has raised concern regarding their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. This research examines the molecular toxicity of popular toothpaste brands on post-juveniles of Clarias gariepinus from a commercial fish farm in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically assessing the impact of these toothpaste brands on the mRNA expression levels of the heat shock protein (HSP70), interleukin (IL-1β), melatonin receptors (MEL1C), and growth hormone in comparison to a control group. The results revealed a significant upregulation of HSP70, IL-1β, and MEL1C genes in the exposed group, indicating a potential stress response and immune system activation. Intriguingly, the growth hormone mRNA expression remained unaffected in the treated group compared to the control. These findings underscore the need for further exploration into the potential molecular consequences of common toothpaste ingredients on aquatic organisms, raising important questions about environmental safety and consumer product development.
Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Content of Solvent Extracted Roasted Castor Seed Meal from Oriire Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode A. A. , Raji A. W.
Published: May 2024

The proximate composition and phytochemical content of solvent extracted roasted castor seed meal from Oriire Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria was determined using appropriate standard methods. The meal were found to contain 14.28% moisture, 24.48% crude protein, 3.46% crude fibre, 23.29% ether extract,5.71% ash,85.72% dry matter, nitrogen free extract and gross energy  values were 56.91% and 5724kcal/kg respectively. The results of anti-nutritional factor present in the roasted solvent extracted castor seed meal revealed that it contained 0.13% ricin, 0.83% phytate and 0.38% oxalate. Based on the results of this study, roasted solvent extracted castor seed meal can be potential source of protein in the diet of monogastric animals.
Effects of Poor Sanitation and Public Awareness in Modeling Bacterial Infection amongst the Students of a Tertiary Institution in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Lasisi N. O. , Suleiman F.
Published: May 2024

Acute bacterial infection of the intestine is caused by ingestion of food or water containing vibrio cholera. The symptoms include acute water diarrhea and vomiting which can result in severe dehydration or water loss. Sanitary conditions in the environment play an important role. Hence, the objective of this paper as to evaluate the effects of poor sanitation and public awareness in modeling bacterial infection amongst the students of a tertiary institution in Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. We incorporated effectiveness of drug and awareness for proper hygiene and sanitation into our model. The disease free and endemic equilibrium were determined. The effective reproduction number  was showed. Numerical results of the dynamics system of the transmission of bacterial infection were presented and we found that as the effective contact rate increases, the effective reproduction number increases. Also as the effectiveness of compliance of good hygiene increases, the effective reproduction number decreases by varying the contact rate. More so, as production rate of acute diarrhea bacteria increases, it increases the secondary cases of the infected individuals.
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacteria Isolated from the Gut of the Larvae of African Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis)
Authors: Immanuel O. M. , Uzakah R. P.
Published: May 2024

The indispensability of plastics in everyday life has made the search for environmentally sustainable alternatives to these nonbiodegradable polymers more earnest. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biodegradable, biocompatible plastics comprising of polyesters of R-hydroxyalkanoic acids. They are accumulated intracellularly as polymeric granules upon cultivating several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in nutrient-limiting conditions. Hence, the objective of this paper is to investigate the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria isolated from the gut of the larvae of African Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) using agricultural-waste substrates. Two bacteria isolated from the gut of polystyrene-fed R. phoenicis larvae were utilized for the production of PHA using brewery waste, bean hull, cassava peel and palm pith, as substrates. The bacteria were identified as Lysinibacillus macriodes and Pantoea dispersa. Isolate P. dispersa accumulated PHAs ranging from 0.89- 1.44 g/L from agricultural waste and 4.24 g/L from glucose, equivalent to 30.8%-46.7% and 71.9% yields respectively. L. macrolides, accumulated PHAs ranging from 1.11-1.50 g/L from agricultural waste and 3.89 g/L from glucose equivalent to 40.4%-48.1% and 69.2% yields respectively. The isolates can be desirable candidates for PHAs production under optimized conditions.
Economic Analysis of Potential Offshore Aquaculture Practice to Enhance Diversification of Blue Economy in Nigeria
Authors: Agbakwuru J. A. , Osuji J. N.
Published: May 2024

The oil and gas industry has long dominated Nigeria’s blue economic growth. However, a new frontier that can play sustainable economic growth in the maritime industry and therefore national economic leverage is offshore aquaculture. Hence, this paper aims to provide relevant information on the economic analysis of the potential offshore aquaculture practice to enhance the diversification of the blue economy in Nigeria using secondary data. Sensitivity analysis considering input variations of up to 45% is also performed to take care of the unforeseen. Offshore aquaculture in this paper refers to fish production in the Open Ocean using large cages/nets. Ten (10) fish cages of 37500-fish capacity per cage were hypothetically designed with fiberglass materials and installed in Escravos offshore. A mortality of 30% was used with the current prices of other required investments. The analysis recorded a breakeven period of 2 years and NPV value of over one trillion Naira in 9 years indicating massive profitability comparable to the oil and gas industry! Sensitivity analysis identified mortality/loss of fish and falling prices of fish as events that could adversely affect the investment.  It is suggested that the investment should be done with experienced professionals in fishery, offshore engineering, and cost control.
Effect of Some Cutting Parameters on Surface Finish of Bright Mild Steel
Authors: Obojoh E. , Francis-Akilaki T. I.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of some cutting parameters on surface finish of bright mild steel (BMS). Samples were cut into the required piece with dimension 50mm x 200mm and the turning operation done using a tungsten carbide tip tool. The cutting variables include speed of the spindle, feed rate and depth of cut. The result obtained shows that a feed rate of 0.75mm/rev affects the surface finish the most with a roughness value of 3µm, while the combination of a depth of cut of 0.2mm and maximum speed 700rpm have the minimum effect on the surface finish (Ra value of 1.1µm) of low carbon steel.
Assessment of Sealing Potential of Fault-Bounded Hydrocarbon Prospect in Gabo Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Iheaturu T. C. , Abrakasa S. , Jones A. E. , Njoku I. O. , Ideozu R. U. , Ugwueze C. U.
Published: May 2024

Sealing potentials of faults are an important exploration risk to consider in the assessment of fault-bounded hydrocarbon prospects. This technique has been used for predicting potential hydrocarbon columns for mitigating risk in exploration and appraisals. Hence, the objective of the paper is to assess the sealing potential of the fault-bounded hydrocarbon prospects of the Gabo Field in the Niger Delta basin using seismic, well-log, and X-ray diffraction data. Three faults were interpreted as normal and syn-depositional faults. The well-log correlation showed that the shale sequence was inter-bedded with sands and showed a good spread with a relative thickness ranging between 12-105m from shallow to intermediate depth intervals. Results of the rock property analysis showed that the volume of shale ranged from 18 – 73.72% with an average of 63.59%. The total porosity ranged from 15.9 – 31.7 (good to excellent) with an average of 16.7 (good) in the shales and 27.2 (very good) in the sand. The effective porosity of the field ranged from 3.58 – 22.71 with an average of 6.028 in the shales and 20.13 in the sand. The estimated pore pressure ranged from 42.13 – 47.62psi with an average of 47.0psi in the shales and 42.8psi in the sand. The results of the X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the predominant minerals were kaolinite, rutile, gypsum, albite, microcline and quartz, which constitute the caprock sequence and the faulted rocks. Results of the sealing potential showed poor sealing in the shale sequence while the fault analysis showed good sealing along the fault planes. These results deduced the sealing uncertainty of the field and may be applied to similar siliciclastic trap configurations in deltaic environments.