bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sponsoring the football national team
Authors: Brochado Ana , Dionísio Pedro , Leal Maria Carmo
Published: April 2018

Purpose

A key concern in sports sponsorship decisions is knowing under what conditions sponsorship can effectively act as a brand building tool. The purpose of this study is to list attributes to use when examining congruency in the sponsorship of national football teams. The second aim was to test whether being a client of the sponsor brand and being involved with the sponsee moderates the relationship between image congruence and sponsorship response.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected on four sponsors of the Portuguese national team, just before the 20th Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup. Analyses were conducted on a representative national sample of fans. The research design encompassed a two-step approach. First, qualitative analysis identified the main attributes that fans associate with the national team. In the second quantitative phase, moderated regression analysis was used to test the proposed model.

Findings

This study confirmed sponsor–sponsee congruence in seven attributes (i.e. national symbol, strength, strong emotions, happiness, optimism, connection and positive feelings) enhances positive brand image and fans’ involvement with the national team moderates this relationship. Positive sponsorship outcomes tend to be higher for sponsors when fans are currently clients of the sponsor brand.

Originality/value

This study adds to previous research by using mixed methods to study sponsor–sponsee congruence regarding national teams and by testing whether fans being clients of sponsors and being involved with sponsees moderate sponsor–sponsee congruence.
The effects of humor usage by salespersons: the roles of humor type and business sector
Authors: Bompar Laurent , Lunardo Renaud , Saintives Camille
Published: April 2018

Purpose

While humor is known to help relational outcomes, its usefulness for sellers to build strong relationships with their business partners and achieve performance remain unknown. Specifically, humor styles (constructive versus offensive) and business sectors (service-based versus other) may play an important role. To fill this gap in extant marketing literature, this study aims to test the effects of humor styles among salespersons of different business sectors on relationship quality and business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This research paper derives hypotheses from prior studies referring to humor effects in psychology and management, business-to-business and relationship marketing literature. The hypotheses are tested using a sample of 175 salespersons operating across different business sectors.

Findings

While constructive humor is shown to have positive effects on relationship quality and business performance regardless of business sectors, a different pattern is found for offensive humor. Specifically, the results show that business sector moderates the effects of this type of humor, which has negative effects on relationship quality and business performance, but only when used by salespersons in non-service-based business sectors.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of the research concern the cultural context. The lack of responses from salespersons from different countries may be considered as a direction for future studies exploring connections between humor usage and culture in business-to-business marketing.

Practical implications

This study brings strategic insights into how to use humor in a business-to-business context.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, no previous study has thus far examined the proposed set of inter-related research constructs.
Adoption strategies of social media in B2B firms: a multiple case study approach
Authors: Lashgari Maryam , Sutton-Brady Catherine , Solberg Søilen Klaus , Ulfvengren Pernilla
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to clarify business-to-business (B2B) firms’ strategies of social media marketing communication. The study aims to explore the factors contributing to the formation and adoption of integration strategies and identify who the B2B firms target.

Design/methodology/approach

A multiple case study approach is used to compare four multinational corporations and their practices. Face-to-face interviews with key managers, and extensive readings and observations of the firms’ websites and social media platforms have been conducted.

Findings

The study results in a model, illustrating different processes of selection, adoption and integration involved in the development of social media communication strategy for B2B firms. Major factors involved in determining the platform type, and strategies used within different phases and processes are identified.

Research limitations/implications

As the chosen methodology may limit generalizability, further research is encouraged to test the model within a B2B context especially within small and medium enterprises as only large multinational corporations were investigated in this study.

Practical implications

The paper provides insight into how B2B marketers can align social media with their firms’ goals through the strategic selection of platforms to reach the targeted audience and communicate their message.

Originality/value

The study uncovers the benefits gained by B2B firms’ through interaction with individuals on social media. This is a significant contribution as the value of such interaction was previously undefined and acted as a barrier for adopting social media in some B2B firms.
Modeling and forecasting abnormal stock returns using the nonlinear Gray Bernoulli model
Authors: Doryab Bahar , Salehi Mahdi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This study aims to use gray models to predict abnormal stock returns.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2005-2015. The analyses portray three models, namely, the gray model, the nonlinear gray Bernoulli model and the Nash nonlinear gray Bernoulli model.

Findings

Results show that the Nash nonlinear gray Bernoulli model can predict abnormal stock returns that are defined by conditions other than gray models which predict increases, and then after checking regression models, the Bernoulli regression model is defined, which gives higher accuracy and fewer errors than the other two models.

Originality/value

The stock market is one of the most important markets, which is influenced by several factors. Thus, accurate and reliable techniques are necessary to help investors and consumers find detailed and exact ways to predict the stock market.
Help yourself to our staff kitchen: a peer worker’s reflections on microaggressions
Authors: Sinclair Aimee
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the sanist microaggressions that peer workers face working in mental health and proposes ways in which peer workers and institutions may begin to challenge sanist practices within the sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is written as a personal narrative. It explores a “moment” in the life of the author as a peer support worker.

Findings

Peer workers are often faced with sanist microaggressions on the job which can significantly affect peer workers’ capacity over time. Sharing our stories, identifying points of resistance and working collectively to challenge microaggressions are important to peer worker survival within the mental health system. Organisations that train or employ peer workers should be aware of sanist microaggressions and learn how to strategically respond to them.

Originality/value

The paper documents the experiences of the author. There is limited academic literature documenting peer worker experience of microaggressions.
Deflection behavior and load-bearing period of structural glued laminated timber beams in fire including cooling phase
Authors: Kinjo Hitoshi , Katakura Yusuke , Hirashima Takeo , Yusa Shuitsu , Saito Kiyoshi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the fire performance of glulam timber beams based on their deflection behavior and load-bearing period, which were obtained from load-bearing fire tests under constant load conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

In this report, the fire performance, primarily deflection behavior and load-bearing period of glued laminated (glulam) timber beams will be discussed from the standpoint of load-bearing fire tests conducted during the cooling phase under constant load conditions. Then, based on the charring depth and the per section temperature transformation obtained from loading test results, the load-bearing capacity of the glulam timber beams will be discussed using the effective section method and the strength reduction factor, which will be calculated in accordance with the European standards for the design of timber structures (Eurocode 5).

Findings

In the cooling phase, the charring rate is decreases. However, as the temperature in the cross section rises, the deflection is increases. The failure mode was bending failure because of tensile failure of the lamina at the bottom of the beam. Moreover, a gap caused by shear failure in a growth ring in the beam cross-section in the vicinity of the centroid axis was observed. Shear failure was observed up until 1 to 3 h before end of heating. The calculated shear strength far exceeded the test results. Shear strength for elevated temperature of glued laminated timber is likely to decrease than the shear strength in Eurocode 5.

Originality/value

Unlike other elements, a characteristic problem of timber elements is that their load-bearing capacity decreases as they are consumed in a fire, and their bearing capacities may continue to degrade even after the fuel in the room has been exhausted. Therefore, the structural fire performance of timber elements should be clarified during not only the heating phase but also the subsequent cooling phase. However, there are few reports on the load-bearing capacity of timber elements that take the cooling phase after a fire into consideration.
A systematic review of the efficacy of alcohol warning labels
Authors: Hassan Louise M. , Shiu Edward
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The placement of warning labels on alcoholic beverages is a policy area with renewed interest, yet a strong evidence base regarding the efficacy of text-based or pictorial warning labels has still to emerge. Increased interest by policymakers has spurred research into potential alcohol warning label designs and messages. The purpose of this article is to draw together recearch in the alcohol warnings literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study seeks to review research that has sought to examine the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels. Searches for English-language articles (since 2000) using the terms “alcohol” and “warning label*” were conducted in 2015 across four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane). Articles were included if they empirically assessed the effectiveness and/or design of alcohol warning labels. Only studies that addressed the targeted individual consumer (consistent with downstream social marketing) were included. A narrative analysis approach was used for the 15 articles identified.

Findings

Findings are reported on five themes covering the design of the warning, starting with the use of imagery or recommendations, followed by a focus on the warning messages and whether they are specific, use signal words and are based on qualitative or quantitative information.

Research limitations/implications

Overall, there was little consistency in approach and measures, with very limited research having explored the potential of pictorial warning labels. Numerous research gaps are identified; thus, much more research is needed in this area. The evidence base is weak and caution is needed by policymakers regarding the introduction and implementation of alcohol warning labels. Limitations are discussed.

Originality/value

The review provides a timely up-to-date evaluation of the alcohol warning labels literature that has seen a recent resurgence but has not been critically reviewed.
Dual-goal management in social enterprises: evidence from China
Authors: Yin Juelin , Chen Huan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Taking China as a research context, the purpose of this paper is to delineate how social and business tensions manifest in Chinese nascent social enterprises and to disentangle the strategies that they adopt to manage the business-social dual goals to achieve organizational viability.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative multiple-case study is used to collect and analyze data. Empirical data are drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese social entrepreneurs, ethnographic observation of social enterprises as well as secondary sources.

Findings

Depending on personal motivations and resource availability, social entrepreneurs’ perceptions toward pursuit of dual goals range from integration to differentiation in the short term, despite consensus on the concurrent development in the long term. The leverage of resources, image management, continuous innovation and need-based services are viable approaches that Chinese social enterprises adopt to manage the dual goals in order to create both social and economic value.

Research limitations/implications

This paper reveals understanding of the concrete tensions experienced among Chinese nascent social enterprises in pursuing business and social goals and how they manage to integrate the synergistic aspects of social and business goals to achieve survival and growth. Based primarily on qualitative case study method, the research findings are context specific and may not be ideal for generalization.

Practical implications

The authors reveal strategies by which synergistic benefits between dual goals may be achieved. Innovation (e.g. in resource utilization, in service format and content) and differentiation (e.g. in organization positioning) would be beneficial in enhancing the competitiveness of social enterprises. To enhance organizations’ credibility, quality of products and service should be monitored and organizational transparency needs to be enhanced.

Social implications

It is suggested that the government specifies legal forms and legitimates interests of social enterprises, formulates preferential policies to stimulate the development of social enterprises, and develops a set of qualification authentication system to regulate this emerging sector.

Originality/value

The study examines the manifestation of business and social tensions and presents dual-goal management strategies from a non-western perspective. As an original contribution to the field of social entrepreneurship, the study responds to calls for in-depth analysis of conflicting objectives and tension management in social enterprises.
Intellectual capital and Organization performance in the manufacturing sector of Mexico
Authors: Ibarra Cisneros Manuel Alejandro , Hernandez-Perlines Felipe
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the relationship between the various components of intellectual capital (IC) (human, organizational, technological and relational) and organization performance (OP) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector in the region of Baja California, Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 127 surveys was applied to CEOs, CFOs or managers of SMEs. In order to test the research hypotheses, a multiple regression was run prior to the development of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Findings

The results showed that the four capitals have a positive influence on OP; the evidence is consistent with several studies in Mexico and abroad. Furthermore, knowledge management was introduced as a moderating variable and the result was that it negatively moderates the relationship between IC and OP.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this research is that it only focused on one region and a single sector in Mexico. However, future research at the national level might verify the hypotheses tested.

Originality/value

This research contributes to enrich the theoretical framework for the Mexican context regarding IC; additionally, it allows contrasting the evidence with other studies at national and international levels.
Optimal design of deep-groove ball bearings based on multitude of objectives using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Tiwari Rajiv , Chandran Rahul
Published: April 2018

Purpose

In optimum designs of deep-groove ball bearings (DDGBs), an extended service life is one of the vital criteria. The life of a bearing depends on several factors. The purpose of this paper is to sequentially optimize three prime objectives for DDGB, i.e. the dynamic capacity (Cd), the maximum bearing temperature (Tmax) and the elasto-hydrodynamic minimum film thickness (Hmin).

Design/methodology/approach

For solving constrained non-linear optimization formulations with multitude of objectives, an optimal design methodology has been put forth with the help of artificial bee colony algorithms. A study on the constraint violation has been carried out. By the Monte Carlo simulation method, a sensitivity investigation of diverse design variables has been done to examine variations in three objective functions and violation of constraints.

Findings

Excellent improvement in the dynamic capacity (Cd), the maximum bearing temperature (Tmax) and the elasto-hydrodynamic minimum film thickness (Hmin) have been found in optimized bearing designs.

Originality/value

Ball bearing design has been done based on multi-discipline objectives that are based on strength, tribology and thermal consideration. This type of design is essential in practical scenario where these physical phenomena will be present simultaneously.
A study of transitions between technology push and demand pull strategies for accomplishing sustainable development in manufacturing industries
Authors: Singla Anuj , Sethi APS , Ahuja Inderpreet Singh
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze transitions between technology push (TP) and demand pull (DP) strategies for accomplishing sustainable development in manufacturing industries.

Design/methodology/approach

The key aspects based on their relevance to TP-DP strategies have been extracted from literature review. The aspects were utilized to design a well-framed TP-DP questionnaire. An extensive survey in medium- and large-scale manufacturing industries operating in India has been executed through questionnaire. The responses to various factors were collected and the data obtained have been analyzed using analytical and graphical comparisions.

Findings

The recognition of the outcomes of transitions was perceived to be substantial. The research concludes that DP strategies dominates TP strategies in the present context. These strategies have emerged as a foundation for several development initiatives and actively support manufacturing industries in accomplishing sustainable development.

Originality/value

The analysis shows that TP-DP strategies in Indian manufacturing industries encounter significant transitions at different stages of their development.
Prospective randomized study of sexual function in men taking dutasteride for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Tsai Tsen‐Fang , Choi Gwang Seong , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Moon‐Bum , Ng Chi Fai , Kochhar Puja , Jasper Stacy , Brotherton Betsy , Orban Barbara , Lulic Zrinka
Published: April 2018

Treatment with 5α‐reductase inhibitors has been associated with sexual adverse events such as impotence (erectile dysfunction) and decreased libido. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate adverse events related to sexual function, based on their frequency, duration, persistence and associated treatment discontinuations, in men treated with dutasteride for androgenetic alopecia. Participants were randomized to receive double‐blind dutasteride 0.5 mg or placebo once daily for 24 weeks, followed by open‐label dutasteride 0.5 mg for an additional 24 weeks. Sexual adverse events were followed up until resolution or for up to 24 weeks after the last dose. Overall, 117 men, 23–50 years of age, were randomized. The incidence of sexual adverse events was approximately twofold higher in the dutasteride group (16%) than the placebo group (8%) during the double‐blind period; the overall incidence of sexual adverse events was lower (5%) during the open‐label period. All adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and considered treatment‐related. The adverse events resolved while on study treatment or after the end of treatment and did not lead to treatment discontinuation. A limitation of this study was the small sample size. The sexual adverse events of impotence, decreased libido and ejaculation disorders reported in this study were expected and reversible.
Geographies of hyper‐commodified housing: foreign capital, market activity, and housing stress
Authors: Rogers Dallas , Nelson Jacqueline , Wong Alexandra
Published: April 2018

The latest manifestation of Asian‐led foreign real estate investment in some global cities is contributing to housing becoming a liquid, global asset. Drawing on empirical data about Sydneysiders’ reported levels of real estate market activity, housing stress, and views about foreign real estate investment, we found that those who are financially invested in Sydney's local real estate market are generally more supportive of the presence of foreign investors and investment than are those not invested in that market. We also found that there were no significant comparative differences in beliefs about foreign investment between those who are in housing stress and those who are not. On the strength of those findings, we ask whether a degree of commonality is developing around a set of ideological reference points related to the commodification of housing. As housing in global cities is increasingly commodified and financialized, these ideological reference points could be boosting its commodification across boundaries of cultural difference and political jurisdiction. We conclude by suggesting the need for a new line of inquiry through which scholars could investigate the politics of globalised hyper‐commodified housing in order to expose the ideological reference points that serve to bolster the commodification of housing.
Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis: an Asia‐Pacific perspective
Authors: Ninan Jem V. , Lester Susan , Hill Catherine L.
Published: April 2018

Giant cell arteritis is the commonest primary vasculitis of the elderly. However, the prevalence does vary widely between populations with highest incidence amongst Northern Europeans and lowest amongst East Asians. Preliminary studies suggest that clinical manifestations may differ between different populations. Newer diagnostic approaches including ultrasound, MR angiography and PET imaging are under review. While there have been recent advances in the diagnosis of GCA particularly with regard to imaging, there is an urgent need for improvements in methods of diagnosis, treatment and requirement for screening. Glucocorticoid treatment remain the backbone of therapy. However, glucocorticoid therapy is associated with significant adverse effects. Conventional and novel immunosuppressive agents have only demonstrated modest effects in a subgroup of steroid refractory GCA due to the different arms of the immune system at play. However, recently a study of IL‐6 blockade demonstrated benefit in GCA. Newer approaches such as fast‐track pathways can also result in improvements in consequences of GCA including blindness.
No increased risk of herpes zoster in TNF inhibitor and non‐TNF inhibitor users with rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiological study using the Japanese health insurance database
Authors: Sakai Ryoko , Kasai Shoko , Hirano Fumio , Harada Sayoko , Kihara Mari , Yokoyama Waka , Tsutsumino Michi , Nagasaka Kenji , Koike Ryuji , Yamanaka Hisashi , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2018

Objective

It is controversial whether the use of biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) increases the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). We aimed to evaluate the risks of HZ in tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFI) and non‐TNFI users with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 3 years in Japan.

Method

Using the Japanese health insurance database, we assigned patients with at least one RA diagnostic code and one prescription for any DMARDs (RA cases) recorded between January 2005 and December 2013 to the RA group. We randomly selected five age‐, sex‐, calendar year‐ and observation length‐matched non‐RA cases for each RA case (non‐RA group), and assessed associations between RA and HZ. To evaluate the risks of HZ in TNFI and non‐TNFI users, we conducted a nested case‐control study (NCC) in the RA group.

Results

The RA group (n = 6712) had a significantly higher crude incidence rate of HZ than the non‐RA group (n = 33 560) (14.2 vs. 8.3/1000 patient‐years), and the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the RA versus non‐RA groups was 1.43 (1.17–1.75). The NCC demonstrated that use of TNFI, non‐TNFI, methotrexate, or immunosuppressive DMARDs did not increase the risks of HZ. Use of corticosteroid ≥ 5 mg/day conveyed a significant risk of HZ in patients with RA.

Conclusions

Rheumatoid arthritis was significantly associated with the development of HZ, and use of corticosteroids ≥ 5 mg/day was identified as a significant risk factor, whereas either TNFI or non‐TNFI use were not.
Pharmacogenetic Manipulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Alters Binge‐Like Alcohol Drinking in Mice
Authors: Purohit Kush , Parekh Puja K. , Kern Joseph , Logan Ryan W. , Liu Zheng , Huang Yanhua , McClung Colleen A. , Crabbe John C. , Ozburn Angela R.
Published: April 2018

Background

Chronic alcohol intake leads to long‐lasting changes in reward‐ and stress‐related neuronal circuitry. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an integral component of this circuitry. Here, we investigate the effects ofDREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) on neuronal activity in theNAc and binge‐like drinking.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were stereotaxically injected withAAV2hSyn‐HA hM3Dq, ‐hM4Di, or ‐eGFPbilaterally intoNAc [core + shell, core or shell]. We measured clozapine‐n‐oxide (CNO)‐induced changes inNAc activity and assessed binge‐like ethanol (EtOH) or tastant/fluid intake in a limited access Drinking in the Dark (DID) schedule.

Results

We found thatCNOincreasedNAc firing inhM3Dq positive cells and decreased firing inhM4Di cells, confirming the efficacy of these channels to alter neuronal activity both spatially and temporally. IncreasingNAc core + shell activity decreased binge‐like drinking without altering intake of other tastants. Increasing activity specifically in theNAc core reduced binge‐like drinking, and decreasing activity in theNAc core increased drinking. Manipulation ofNAc shell activity did not alterDID. Thus, we find that increasing activity in the entireNAc, or just theNAc core is sufficient to decrease binge drinking.

Conclusions

We conclude that the reduction in EtOH drinking is not due to general malaise, altered perception of taste, or reduced calorie‐seeking. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for bidirectional control ofNAc core and binge‐like drinking. These findings could have promising implications for treatment.
Accounting students’ perceptions of effective teaching and approaches to learning: impact on overall student satisfaction
Authors: Bobe Belete J. , Cooper Barry J.
Published: April 2018

This study is concerned with the ways to improve the quality of learning experiences of accounting students. Drawing on the effective teaching and student approach to learning literature, we hypothesise that effective teaching and students’ approach to learning (deep versus surface learning) are two important predictors of the quality of the learning experience. The hypotheses were tested using survey data of second‐year undergraduate students enrolled in two core accounting subjects at an Australian university. The data were analysed using the partial least‐squares structural equation modelling approach. The study aims to make a useful contribution to theory and teaching practice.
Electronic cigarettes: harm reduction tool or new substance use behavior?
Authors: Mayet Aurélie , Lavagna Chrystel
Published: April 2018

Commentary to: Gateway effects and electronic cigarettes
The Trade Origins of Economic Nationalism: Import Competition and Voting Behavior in Western Europe
Authors: Colantone Italo , Stanig Piero
Published: April 2018

We investigate the impact of globalization on electoral outcomes in 15 Western European countries over 1988–2007. We employ both official election results at the district level and individual‐level voting data, combined with party ideology scores from the Comparative Manifesto Project. We compute a region‐specific measure of exposure to Chinese imports, based on the historical industry specialization of each region. To identify the causal impact of the import shock, we instrument imports to Europe using Chinese imports to the United States. At the district level, a stronger import shock leads to (1) an increase in support for nationalist and isolationist parties, (2) an increase in support for radical‐right parties, and (3) a general shift to the right in the electorate. These results are confirmed by the analysis of individual‐level vote choices. In addition, we find evidence that voters respond to the shock in a sociotropic way.
Stress cardiomyopathy: Provoked chaotic T‐wave lability
Authors: Talebi Soheila , Azhir Alaleh , Argulian Edgar
Published: April 2018

Potentially lethal arrhythmia, occurring at presentation or during hospitalization, are a part of the clinical spectrum of stress cardiomyopathy. There is significant association between the catecholamine provoked nonalternating beat to beat fluctuations in T‐wave morphology, termed T‐wave lability (TWL), and the clinical risk of arrhythmia. We report four patients with diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy, in whom serial electrocardiography showed macrovoltage nonalternating fluctuations in T‐wave morphology.
Testing the Sternal Clavicle Ageing Method on a Post‐Medieval Dutch Skeletal Collection
Authors: Blom A. A. , Inskip S. A. , Baetsen W. A. , Hoogland M. L. P.
Published: April 2018

When a new method is produced, it should be assessed for accuracy and reliability before widespread use. A new method by Falys and Prangle for estimating age from degeneration of the sternal end of the clavicle is tested in this paper on an 18th–19th‐century known‐age Dutch population (80 clavicles). Intra‐ and inter‐observer tests (Cohen's kappa) revealed slight to moderate agreement (k = 0.100–0.425 and 0.106–0.534 respectively). However, owing to large age ranges, 87% accuracy was achieved. Methodological improvements are suggested that could help the method further to improve age estimates for the elderly in past populations.
Psoriasis, stress, age and more
Authors: Mrowietz U.
Published: April 2018

Linked Article: Galili et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:910–916.
Updates in lichen sclerosis: British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus 2018
Authors: Akel R. , Fuller C.
Published: April 2018

Linked Article: Lewis et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178: 839–853
Neuropsychiatric comorbidity among adolescents with psoriasis
Authors: Galili E. , Barzilai A. , Shreberk-Hassidim R. , Merdler I. , Caspi T. , Astman N.
Published: April 2018

Psoriasis is a common skin disease, typically presenting as a red scaly rash. In mild cases it can be treated with creams, while in patients with so called “moderate to severe psoriasis”, where it is extensive or cannot be controlled with creams only, a systemic treatment, such as pills and phototherapy, is necessary. Psoriasis affects about 2% of adults. It commonly develops in adulthood, but can also be seen in children and adolescents. As might be expected, psoriasis may be physically and emotionally disabling. Growing data suggests that psoriasis patients are at risk of suffering from multiple medical conditions, including mental health disorders (e.g depression) and neurological disorders (e.g migraine). This study, from Israel, aimed to find out whether psoriasis carries a risk of suffering from mental health and neurological disorders, focusing on adolescents, an age group which was previously less studied for these conditions. Data were retrieved from records of recruits evaluated for military service. The study included 1746 and 1366 adolescents (aged 16 to 18) with mild and moderate to severe psoriasis, respectively, and compared them to 884653 healthy adolescents. Differences in the prevalence of the following medical conditions were found between adolescents with moderate to severe psoriasis and healthy adolescents: Overall chronic headaches (8.1% vs. 3.4%), intermediate frequency migraine (4.8% vs. 1.6%), low frequency migraine and non-migraine headaches (3.4% vs. 1.8%), anxiety (2.1% vs. 0.7%) and social adjustment disabilities (7.5% vs. 4.2%). Interestingly, mild psoriasis was not shown to carry a risk for these conditions. The authors conclude that adolescents with psoriasis, especially those with a moderate to severe disease, are at risk of neurological and mental health disorders. The authors call for physicians’ awareness of these conditions, alongside the need for psychological counselling.
Stress and skin disease quality of life: the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity social concerns
Authors: Dixon L.J. , Witcraft S.M. , McCowan N.K. , Brodell R.T.
Published: April 2018

The term ‘stress’ is used to describe when a person feels tense or under pressure. An interesting fact is that stress can make some skin diseases worse, and can even trigger some skin diseases. This can lead to a vicious circle for patients, as their skin disease causes more stress, which then in turn worsens the symptoms, and so on. Little is known about psychological risk factors that play a part in this link between stress and skin disease, but it is thought that one relevant factor is ‘anxiety sensitivity (AS) social concerns’. This is when a person is fearful of anxiety-related sensations (e.g. sweating, flushing) because they are worried about social consequences (the reactions of other people e.g., rejection or humiliation). Thus the person is worried about the visible signs of their anxiety. In this study from the U.S., 237 people with skin disease symptoms completed questionnaires assessing stress, AS social concerns, skin disease quality of life, and the severity of their skin symptoms. The study found that people with high AS social concerns are more likely to notice and fear the social repercussions of (e.g. how other people react to) physical signs caused by stress or skin disease, thereby worsening the impact of skin disease on their emotional wellbeing and their everyday life. However, people with high AS social concern did not report worse quality of life relating to the physical symptoms of their skin disorder, suggesting that stress was not linked to symptom severity.
Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a critical appraisal
Authors: Thomson J. , Wernham A.G.H. , Williams H.C.
Published: April 2018

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The mainstay of treatment is daily moisturiser and anti-inflammatory cream, usually topical corticosteroid (TCS). Immune-suppressive medicines, used in severe cases, can cause adverse effects (unwanted side effects). Last year a trial of a new immune-suppressive treatment for AD called dupilumab was published in The Lancet. Here, dermatologists from Nottingham in the UK critically review that study. The industry-sponsored research examined the long-term efficacy and safety of dupilumab, a “biologic” medicine that selectively suppresses immune cells involved in AD. The randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out across 161 clinics internationally. Dupilumab 300mg was injected in adults with moderate to severe AD, weekly (319 patients) or fortnightly (106 patients), for 52 weeks All patients, including 315 given placebo, continued to use TCS as required. The researchers found that dupilumab + TCS was well tolerated (meaning patients were able to stay on the treatment) and improved AD more than TCS alone but was associated with more adverse effects (particularly conjunctivitis). No difference in efficacy was reported between weekly and fortnightly injections. This was generally a well-conducted study, but the reviewers had some reservations. More participants were recruited than could be justified statistically: this suggests “seeding”, that is widespread testing to promote familiarity and confidence in the drug. The reviewers’ re-analysis showed that fortnightly dosing was more effective than weekly, at half the cost. Most participants had moderate AD, but biologics are usually reserved for patients with severe disease. The comparison could have been with another systemic immune-suppressant rather than placebo. These factors may bias conclusions in favour of the drug.
皮肤医学的核心结果集合:来自国际Cochrane皮肤小组核心结果集合倡议的报告
Authors: Kottner J. , Jacobi L. , Hahnel E. , Alam M. , Balzer K. , Beeckman D. , Busard C. , Chalmers J. , Deckert S. , Eleftheriadou V. , Furlan K. , Horbach S.E.R. , Kirkham J. , Nast A. , Spuls Ph. , Thiboutot D. , Thorlacius L. , Weller K. , Williams H.C. , Schmitt J. ,   on behalf of the International Cochrane Skin Group Core Outcome Set Initiative (CSG-COUSIN) group
Published: April 2018

业界需要借助临床试验来查明药物或其他治疗对皮肤病患者是否有效。参与临床试验的患者通常被分成两组。一组接受测试治疗,另一组则接受对照治疗。在进行了一段时间的治疗之后,相关人员就会将两组的治疗效果进行比较。病情改善得越多、副作用越少,治疗的效果就越好。非常重要的一点是,要正确衡量患者对治疗的反应,否则研究结论将毫无用处。以瘙痒症状为例,医生可以直接询问患者,也可以查看抓痕。这两种“结果”会提供不同的信息。同等重要的是,研究人员应在对相似患者组进行临床试验时包含相同的结果。以异位性湿疹为例,如果一位研究人员仅衡量皮肤发红、一位研究人员仅衡量瘙痒,而另一位研究人员仅衡量生活质量,那么就很难比较不同治疗的结果。您可能会想,到如今,全球的研究人员会齐聚一堂来选择在某些皮肤疾病中应衡量哪些结果。但事实是,每个人衡量的结果各不相同,因此几乎不可能将各种研究合并成有意义的成果。如今,一组研究人员、患者和其他专家终于齐聚一堂,讨论如何最好地在皮肤病患者的临床试验中衡量治疗效果(或结果)。在2017年1月于德国举行的一次国际性会议中,与会者在查找最佳证据和询问许多人员之后,就选择“核心”结果的最佳方法达成了一致。但如何使患者充分地参与制定此类决策,以及如何在更大规模的专家中达成一致等一些其他问题则更为棘手。国际Cochrane皮肤小组(CSG)-COUSIN组致力于坚持完成其工作并期望提出一组对不同的皮肤病患者都能进行衡量的核心结果,如此一来,患者、医生、护士和医疗保健支付方都能更清楚地了解正在进行中的数百种临床试验。
对于患有光化性角化病的器官移植受者来说,光动力疗法比咪喹莫特更加有效:一项随机个体对照试验
Authors: Togsverd-Bo K. , Halldin C. , Sandberg C. , Gonzalez H. , Wennberg A.M. , Sørensen S.S. , Wulf H.C.O. , Hædersdal M.
Published: April 2018

器官移植(例如肾脏)受者必须服用强效药物来防止器官排斥。而这些药物也会降低人体抵御癌症病发的能力。这对皮肤来说尤其重要,来自阳光紫外线的伤害会导致暴露部位发生癌前病变(日光性角化症)。这些病变相当广泛,并且比在正常的健康皮肤上更容易发展成侵袭性皮肤癌。这项斯堪的纳维亚的研究在一组35名器官移植患者中比较了日光性角化症的两种确定治疗的有效性和可接受性。光动力疗法(PDT)在就诊时即可使用。它需要在皮肤上涂抹感光的乳膏,该乳膏随后会被红光激活。这会在皮肤上引发严重的炎症,但只会破坏异常(而非正常)的组织。另一种治疗是采用咪喹莫特乳膏,患者需每周在家涂抹三次,连续涂抹四周。该乳膏会刺激人体自身的防御机制,来抵抗异常组织病变。每位患者均拥有两处受到相同影响的皮肤部位。这些患者将被随机分配接受PDT或咪喹莫特治疗。如有必要,PDT治疗患者需在三个月后重复治疗,咪喹莫特治疗患者需在两个月后重复治疗。研究人员在三个月和六个月时计算了反馈率。本研究表明,在这组高风险患者中,光动力疗法在减少日光性角化症数量方面比咪喹莫特更加有效。由于PDT比咪喹莫特更加疼痛,患者并没有因此而更加倾向于哪一种治疗。
青少年银屑病患者中的神经精神并存病
Authors: Galili E. , Barzilai A. , Shreberk-Hassidim R. , Merdler I. , Caspi T. , Astman N.
Published: April 2018

银屑病是一种常见的皮肤病,通常呈现红色鳞状皮疹。轻度患者可使用乳膏进行治疗,而所谓的“中度至重度银屑病”患者的症状分布较广或无法单独依靠乳膏进行控制,因此需要进行系统性治疗,例如服药和光线疗法。约2%的成年人患有银屑病。这种疾病通常发展于成年时期,但也可见于儿童和青少年。正如所料,银屑病可能会引起身体和精神上的障碍。有越来越多的数据表明,银屑病患者存在发生多种医疗状况的风险,包括精神健康障碍(例如抑郁症)和神经障碍(例如偏头痛)。这项在以色列开展的研究专注于青少年,旨在找出银屑病是否存在导致患上精神健康和神经障碍的风险并,此前鲜少有研究人员对这一年龄组的此类状况进行研究。研究数据来源于为兵役进行评估的新兵记录。本项研究包含了1,746名和1,366名分别患有轻度和中度至重度银屑病的青少年(16至18岁),并将他们与884,653名健康的青少年进行比较。研究发现,中度至重度银屑病的青少年患者与健康的青少年之间在以下医疗状况的普遍性上存在差异:整体慢性头痛(8.1%对3.4%)、中频偏头痛(4.8%对1.6%)、低频偏头痛和非偏头痛性头痛(3.4%对1.8%)、焦虑(2.1%对0.7%)和社会适应障碍(7.5%对4.2%)。有趣的是,轻度银屑病并未表现出会导致上述状况的风险。作者总结道,青少年银屑病患者,尤其是中度至重度患者,存在患上神经和精神健康障碍的风险。作者呼吁医生们应意识到这些状况以及对心理咨询的需求。
成年异位性皮炎患者中的五种患者报告结果的严重性等级
Authors: Vakharia P.P. , Chopra R. , Sacotte R. , Patel N. , Immaneni S. , White T. , Kantor R. , Hsu D.Y. , Simpson E.L. , Silverberg J.I.
Published: April 2018

异位性皮炎是一种皮肤病(AD,通常简称为湿疹),可能导致发痒(瘙痒)、睡眠障碍和生活质量(QoL)受损,通常会影响学习和工作等日常活动,进而影响心理健康。在研究湿疹或治疗患者期间,医生通常会使用各种系统来记录患者的湿疹严重程度。一些系统注重于患者的体征,例如皮肤损害的严重程度(受影响皮肤的面积)如何。然而,如上所述,这种疾病的许多症状是无法通过观察皮肤来衡量的,因此需要使用“患者报告结果”(PRO)的不同衡量方法,在这些方法中,患者会回答有关生活质量、情绪或瘙痒严重程度等问题。这些衡量方法并不专门用于湿疹,也可用于一系列皮肤疾病。每种PRO都对应着一系列不同的问题、反应选项和打分系统,因此难以针对不同的PRO来说明结果。业界针对一些PRO制定了严重性等级,用结果的分数来表示严重性级别,例如,在一项称为POEM的PRO中,0至7分表示轻度、8至16分表示中度,而17至28分则表示重度。本研究旨在确认针对先前报告的称为POEM和DLQI的PRO的等级对成年AD患者来说是否确实准确。此外,研究人员还针对一些其他的PRO制定了严重性等级:NRS-瘙痒,平均ItchyQOL和5-D瘙痒程度。作者们确认,POEM和DLQI的现有等级对成年AD患者来说运用得当,并建议修正某些其他PRO的等级并制定新等级。
将hCONSORT标准用作常见皮肤病的草药干预的报告标准:一项系统回顾
Authors: Ornelas J. , Routt E. , Kallis P. , Lev-Tov H.
Published: April 2018

西方国家越来越多地将补充和替代医疗(CAM)用于各种症状,包括皮肤相关症状。替代医疗是一种在西药范围之外的治疗方法,而补充医疗则将此类治疗与西药相结合。尽管CAM的使用范围越来越广,但由于缺少支持的可靠科学研究,因此西方的保健服务提供者尚未将其结合到实践中。有一种方法可以消除广泛的公共使用与缺少可靠数据之间的差距,那就是改进研究在医学期刊上的报告方式。2006年,业界发布了一些指南,旨在帮助科学研究人员对中医药的使用开展质量研究。这些指南被称为有关报告草药干预的CONSORT扩展标准(hCONSORT),于2006年发布。我们希望调查这些指南在皮肤医学中的应用情况。作为我们在美国开展的研究的一部分,我们查看了对将植物药物用于治疗三种常见皮肤症状进行调查的科学研究:痤疮、异位性湿疹和银屑病。我们专注于在2009年至2014年之间发布的文章,并将其对hCONSORT指南的遵守程度进行评级。出乎意料的是,我们发现大部分科学研究只遵守了不到50%的hCONSORT指南。基于这些发现,我们建议科学家在开展有关使用中医药的研究时应遵守这些指南,并且科学期刊的编辑在介绍评估中医药使用的文章时应鼓励遵守这些指南。这样将有助于西方保健服务从业者安全有效地将CAM结合到传统医学中。
COOPERATION AND OPTIMISM IN A SOCIAL DILEMMA
Authors: Oyediran Olusegun A. , Rivas M. Fernanda , Coulson Mark , Kernohan David
Published: April 2018

We examine the influence of optimism about local and foreign people on social cooperation using a public goods game. Firstly, we find that optimism fuels social cooperation, and secondly, that this positive effect holds when optimism is focused either jointly or individually.
Thermal history of a Triassic sedimentary sequence verified by a multi‐method approach: Edgeøya, Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Haile Beyene G. , Klausen Tore G. , Jahren Jens , Braathen Alvar , Hellevang Helge
Published: April 2018

Temperature impacts the quality of reservoir and source rocks, thereby representing an important aspect of petroleum prospect assessments of any basin. This case study of the Triassic basin of Edgeøya, eastern Svalbard, reevaluate earlier burial estimates that were solely based on organic matter maturation data from organic rich shales. Here, we estimate temperatures using a multi‐method approach: Rock‐Eval pyrolysis parameters, fluid inclusions in diagenetic quartz, and inorganic diagenesis signatures of sandstones. Data were collected from organic rich shales of the Botneheia and Tschermakfjellet formations and coal bearing sandstones of the De Geerdalen Formation. Rock‐Eval pyrolysis data indicate that Botneheia and Tschermakfjellet formations experienced burial temperatures of about 124–138°C while the De Geerdalen Formation experienced temperatures ≥92°C. Homogenization temperatures of the De Geerdalen Formation sandstones give similar diagenetic temperatures, from 70 to 124°C, while the kaolinite to dickite transformation implies the temperatures >90°C. Furthermore, the absence of illite formation associated with kaolinite suggest that temperature have never exceed 130°C. Integrating various methods validate spatial variations in temperature proxies and constrain the thermal history of this basin. Cretaceous intrusions have locally affected the temperatures and have obscured regional subsidence and uplift trends. The effect of igneous intrusions on inorganic matter is very limited, but intensive on organic matter. These differences between organic and inorganic thermal indices help in distinguishing of magmatic from burial heating. This study has therefore relevance in deciphering the thermal history of sandstones experiencing magmatic activity coupled with multiple burial and uplift events.
Editorial: Changes in the field: banning p‐values (or not), transparency, and the opportunities of a renewed discussion on rigorous (quantitative) research
Authors: Spreckelsen Thees F.
Published: April 2018

Research transparency is becoming increasingly important across the social and medical sciences and thereby to the field of child and adolescent mental health. As the incoming associate editor for quantitative methods to CAMH, my contribution to the journal over the course of my editorship will be to encourage a discussion on research transparency and potential new types of submissions. Some editorials concerned with quantitative methods have recently taken rather stringent methodological stances, such as the one on “banning p‐values” in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology and Political Analysis (Gill, Political Analysis, 2018, 26, 1; Trafimow & Marks, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2015, 37, 1). These editorials are part of a wider discussion in psychology, social sciences, public health, and the sciences more generally on the use of quantitative methods, and set the terms of the debate about the conditions for scientific research.
Spatial Tuples: Augmenting reality with tuples
Authors: Ricci Alessandro , Viroli Mirko , Omicini Andrea , Mariani Stefano , Croatti Angelo , Pianini Danilo
Published: April 2018

We introduce Spatial Tuples, an extension of the basic tuple‐based model for distributed multi‐agent system coordination where (a) tuples are conceptually placed in regions of the physical world and possibly move anchored to a mobile computational device, (b) the behaviour of standard Linda coordination primitives is extended so as to depend on the spatial properties of the coordinating agents, tuples, and the topology of space, and (c) the tuple space can be conceived as a virtual layer augmenting physical reality. Motivated by the needs of mobile augmented‐reality applications, Spatial Tuples explicitly aims at supporting space‐aware and space‐based coordination in agent‐based pervasive computing scenarios. This paper presents the coordination model, its formalization as a process algebra, a library of patterns of coordination it enables, and a discussion of application scenarios, challenges, and open issues for future works.
Distinct chromatin structures at the monoamine oxidase‐A promoter correlate with allele‐specific expression in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Manca M. , Pessoa V. , Myers P. , Pickles A. , Hill J. , Sharp H. , Murgatroyd C. , Bubb V. J. , Quinn J. P.
Published: April 2018

Monoamine oxidase‐A (MAOA) metabolises monoamines and is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A polymorphic repetitive DNA domain, termed the uVNTR (upstream variable number tandem repeat), located at the promoter of the MAOA gene is a risk factor for many of these disorders. MAOA is on the X chromosome suggesting gender could play a role in regulation. We analysed MAOA regulation in the human female cell line, SH‐SY5Y, which is polymorphic for the uVNTR. This heterozygosity allowed us to correlate allele‐specific gene expression with allele‐specific transcription factor binding and epigenetic marks for MAOA. Gene regulation was analysed under basal conditions and in response to the mood stabiliser sodium valproate. Both alleles were transcriptionally active under basal growth conditions; however, the alleles showed distinct transcription factor binding and epigenetic marks at their respective promoters. Exposure of the cells to sodium valproate resulted in differential allelic expression which correlated with allele‐specific changes in distinct transcription factor binding and epigenetic marks at the region encompassing the uVNTR. Biochemically our model for MAOA promoter function has implications for gender differences in gene × environment responses in which the uVNTR has been implicated as a genetic risk.