bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Hodge theory for fibred cusp manifolds
Authors: Hunsicker E.
Published: February 2017

For a particular class of pseudo manifolds, we show that the intersection cohomology groups for any perversity may be naturally represented by extended weighted [Formula: see text] harmonic forms for a complete metric on the regular stratum with respect to some weight determined by the perversity. Extended weighted [Formula: see text] harmonic forms are harmonic forms that are almost in the given weighted [Formula: see text] space for the metric in question, but not quite. This result is akin to the representation of absolute and relative cohomology groups for a manifold with boundary by extended harmonic forms on the associated manifold with cylindrical ends. In analogy with that setting, in the unweighted [Formula: see text] case, the boundary values of the extended harmonic forms define a Lagrangian splitting of the boundary space in the long exact sequence relating upper and lower middle perversity intersection cohomology groups.
N-Legendre and N-slant curves in the unit tangent bundle of Minkowski surfaces
Authors: Bekar Murat , Hathout Fouzi , Yayli Yusuf
Published: February 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a unit tangent bundle of Minkowski surface [Formula: see text] endowed with the pseudo-Riemannian induced Sasaki metric. In this present paper, we studied the N-Legendre and N-slant curves in which the inner product of its normal vector and Reeb vector is zero and nonzero constant, respectively, in [Formula: see text] and several important characterizations of these curves are given.
Hydrogen storage in Beryllium decorated graphene with double vacancy and porphyrin defect — A first principles study
Authors: Mahendran M. , Rekha B. , Seenithurai S. , Kodi Pandyan R. , Vinodh Kumar S.
Published: February 2017

Beryllium (Be)-decorated graphene with 585 double carbon vacancy defect and nitrogen-doped porphyrin defect are investigated for hydrogen storage applications using the first principle calculation based on density functional theory. It is found that the Be atom disperses well in the defective sites of graphene and prevents clustering. For the case of Be-decorated 585 double vacancy graphene, only two H2 molecules are adsorbed via Kubas interaction with the stretched H–H bond length of 0.8 Å. In Be-decorated porphyrin defect graphene system, four H2 molecules are molecularly chemisorbed with the H–H bond length of 0.77 Å. The chemisorptions are due to the hybridization between Be-p orbital and the H-[Formula: see text] orbital. The average binding energy of H2 molecule is found to be 0.43[Formula: see text]eV/H2 which lies within the required range that can permit recycling of H2 molecules under ambient conditions.
Random graph languages
Authors: Shi Haizhong , Shi Yue
Published: February 2017

There tend to be no related researches regarding the relationships between graph theory and languages ever since the concept of graph-semigroup was first proposed in 1991. In 2011, after finding out the inner co-relations among digraphs, undirected graphs and languages, we proposed certain concepts including undirected graph language and digraph language; moreover, in 2014, we proposed a broaden concept–(V,R)-language and proved: (1) both undirected graph language and digraph language are (V,R)-languages; (2) both undirected graph language and digraph language are regular languages; (3) natural languages are regular languages. In this paper, we propose a new concept–Random Graph Language and build the relationships between random graph and language, which provides researchers with the possibility to do research about languages by using random graph theory.
A Dual Cavity Fabry–Perot Device for High Precision Doppler Measurements in Astronomy
Authors: Banyal R. K. , Reiners A.
Published: February 2017

We propose a dual cavity Fabry–Perot interferometer as a wavelength calibrator and a stability tracking device for astronomical spectrograph. The FPI consists of two adjoining cavities engraved on a low expansion monoblock spacer. A low-finesse astro-cavity is intended for generating a uniform grid of reference lines to calibrate the spectrograph and a high-finesse lock-cavity is meant for tracking the stability of the reference lines using optical frequency standards. The differential length changes in two cavities due to temperature and vibration perturbations are quantitatively analyzed using finite element method. An optimized mounting geometry with fractional length changes [Formula: see text] is suggested. We also identify conditions necessary to suppress relative length variations between two cavities well below [Formula: see text], thus facilitating accurate dimension tracking and generation of stable reference spectra for Doppler measurement at [Formula: see text] level.
Risk Management Regime and Its Scope for Transition in Tokyo
Authors: Nishi Maiko , Pelling Mark , Yamamuro Masumi , Solecki William , Kraines Steven
Published: February 2017

Coastal megacities are highly vulnerable to climate change due to asset concentration and hazard exposure, but have potential for innovative risk management taking advantage of technological, economic and political capacities and cultural assets. Tokyo is the center of one of the world’s largest urban agglomerations and one of the most hazard prone global cities. Having experienced repeated extreme events and resultant devastation, Tokyo has deployed a strategy of high technology based risk management. In the face of climate risks that amplify ongoing threats from catastrophic earthquakes, it is unclear whether the current strategy and its attendant culture and administrative structures are an enabler or a barrier for climate change adaptation. Based on 24 expert interviews, this paper examines Tokyo’s readiness to transition from its current risk management orientation aimed at disaster prevention towards more resilient of transformative states. We find the current risk management regime has been moving towards resilience planning promoted by the national policy architecture and the leadership of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government by incorporating self-help and community-cooperation into a long-standing strategy of resistance. This strategy continues to be dominated by technological, rather than social policy and so misses an opportunity for a broader contribution to sustainable development. The current approach may work for the near future but is perhaps less well suited to long-term risk management which includes highly uncertain future climate risks and potential social change. Transition is impeded by structural bottlenecks in the city authority while strategic partnerships between different stakeholders can facilitate transition of public values. Realizing this flexibility will position Tokyo’s risk management regime to better play a role in longer-term sustainable development.
Early Andean tectonomagmatic stages in north Patagonia: insights from field and geochemical data
Authors: Echaurren Andrés , Oliveros Verónica , Folguera Andrés , Ibarra Federico , Creixell Christian , Lucassen Friedrich
Published: February 2017

The Andes in northern Patagonia are mainly formed by Mesozoic magmatic units: the mostly Jurassic–Cretaceous North Patagonian Batholith and volcanism of the Jurassic Lago La Plata (Ibáñez) Formation as well as the mid-Cretaceous Divisadero Group. These rocks represent the development of a magmatic belt through Jurassic–mid-Cretaceous time, during a switch of the tectonic regime from extension to compression. To study arc evolution during this transition, we carried out fieldwork and geochemical sampling at
c.
43°S, clarifying structural relationships and characterizing the magmatic sources. Multi-element diagrams for both volcanic units suggest a slab-derived signature, whereas isotopic ratios (Sr–Nd–Pb) indicate parental melts sourced from the subduction-modified asthenospheric mantle interacting with crustal sources during their emplacement. An angular unconformity is identified between the synextensional Jurassic volcanic rocks and Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks beneath the mid-Cretaceous sequences. Although this deformational event was simultaneous with generalized overriding plate compression, geochemical ratios indicate an immature Aptian–Albian arc with no associated crustal thickening. Late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous arc settlement after a trenchward retraction of magmatism from the foreland between
c.
41 and 45°S, with an associated increase in slab dip angle, may have provoked crustal softening facilitating the subsequent initial fold–thrust belt growth.

Supplementary material:
Petrographic descriptions and geochemical–isotopic data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3677974
Block and boulder accumulations on the southern coast of Crete (Greece): evidence for the 365 CE tsunami in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Boulton Sarah J. , Whitworth Michael R. Z.
Published: February 2017

The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most seismically active regions in Europe. Crete, located in the centre of the Eastern Mediterranean, should experience tsunamis resulting from large magnitude earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. At three locations, boulders were observed that may relate to tsunami or storm events. At Lakki, the size of the boulders slightly favours a tsunami origin for deposition. By contrast, at Kommos, boulder size and geomorphology are consistent with storm parameters in the Mediterranean. The most compelling evidence for tsunami transport is found at Diplomo Petris, where a lithologically varied grouping of large boulders (≤690 t) is exposed at sea level. The calculated storm wave heights (15 m) required to transport the observed boulders significantly exceeds winter averages: therefore, these accumulations are interpreted as tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon dating of encrusting biological material was undertaken to constrain periods of boulder motion. Encrustations from Diplomo Petris and Lakki predate the 365 CE earthquake, suggesting that this event transported the largest boulders; the first time that boulder deposits have been identified on Crete from this tsunami. Therefore, these data are important for developing local and regional hazard assessments but also to inform numerical models of tsunami propagation in the Mediterranean.
Dynamic Facility Location via Exponential Clocks
Authors: An Hyung-Chan , Norouzi-Fard Ashkan , Svensson Ola
Published: February 2017

The
dynamic facility location problem
is a generalization of the classic facility location problem proposed by Eisenstat, Mathieu, and Schabanel to model the dynamics of evolving social/infrastructure networks. The generalization lies in that the distance metric between clients and facilities changes over time. This leads to a trade-off between optimizing the classic objective function and the “stability” of the solution: There is a switching cost charged every time a client changes the facility to which it is connected. While the standard linear program (LP) relaxation for the classic problem naturally extends to this problem, traditional LP-rounding techniques do not, as they are often sensitive to small changes in the metric resulting in frequent switches.

We present a new LP-rounding algorithm for facility location problems, which yields the first constant approximation algorithm for the dynamic facility location problem. Our algorithm installs competing exponential clocks on the clients and facilities and connects every client by the path that repeatedly follows the smallest clock in the neighborhood. The use of exponential clocks gives rise to several properties that distinguish our approach from previous LP roundings for facility location problems. In particular, we use
no clustering
and we allow clients to connect through paths of
arbitrary lengths
. In fact, the clustering-free nature of our algorithm is crucial for applying our LP-rounding approach to the dynamic problem.
On the Restore Time Variations of Future DRAM Memory
Authors: Zhang Xianwei , Zhang Youtao , Childers Bruce R. , Yang Jun
Published: February 2017

As the
de facto
main memory standard, DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) has achieved dramatic density improvement in the past four decades, along with the advancements in process technology. Recent studies reveal that one of the major challenges in scaling DRAM into the deep sub-micron regime is its significant variations on cell restore time, which affect timing constraints such as write recovery time. Adopting traditional approaches results in either low yield rate or large performance degradation. In this article, we propose schemes to expose the variations to the architectural level. By constructing memory chunks with different access speeds and, in particular, exploiting the performance benefits of fast chunks, a variation-aware memory controller can effectively mitigate the performance loss due to relaxed timing constraints. We then proposed restore-time-aware rank construction and page allocation schemes to make better use of fast chunks. Our experimental results show that, compared to traditional designs such as row sparing and Error Correcting Codes, the proposed schemes help to improve system performance by about 16% and 20%, respectively, for 20nm and 14nm technology nodes on a four-core multiprocessor system.
Exact Model Counting of Query Expressions
Authors: Beame Paul , Li Jerry , Roy Sudeepa , Suciu Dan
Published: February 2017

We prove exponential lower bounds on the running time of the state-of-the-art exact model counting algorithms—algorithms for exactly computing the number of satisfying assignments, or the satisfying probability, of Boolean formulas. These algorithms can be seen, either directly or indirectly, as building
Decision-Decomposable Negation Normal Form (decision-DNNF)
representations of the input Boolean formulas. Decision-DNNFs are a special case of
d
-DNNFs where
d
stands for
deterministic
. We show that any knowledge compilation representations from a class (called DLDDs in this article) that contain decision-DNNFs can be converted into equivalent
Free Binary Decision Diagrams (FBDDs)
, also known as
Read-Once Branching Programs
, with only a quasi-polynomial increase in representation size. Leveraging known exponential lower bounds for FBDDs, we then obtain similar exponential lower bounds for decision-DNNFs, which imply exponential lower bounds for model-counting algorithms. We also separate the power of decision-DNNFs from
d
-DNNFs and a generalization of decision-DNNFs known as AND-FBDDs.

We then prove new lower bounds for FBDDs that yield exponential lower bounds on the running time of these exact model counters when applied to the problem of query evaluation in tuple-independent probabilistic databases—computing the probability of an answer to a query given independent probabilities of the individual tuples in a database instance. This approach to the query evaluation problem, in which one first obtains the lineage for the query and database instance as a Boolean formula and then performs weighted model counting on the lineage, is known as
grounded inference
. A second approach, known as
lifted inference
or
extensional query evaluation
, exploits the high-level structure of the query as a first-order formula. Although it has been widely believed that lifted inference is strictly more powerful than grounded inference on the lineage alone, no formal separation has previously been shown for query evaluation. In this article, we show such a formal separation for the first time. In particular, we exhibit a family of database queries for which polynomial-time extensional query evaluation techniques were previously known but for which query evaluation via grounded inference using the state-of-the-art exact model counters requires exponential time.
Mobile IP Handover for Vehicular Networks
Authors: Boukerche Azzedine , Magnano Alexander , Aljeri Noura
Published: February 2017

The popularity and development of wireless devices has led to a demand for widespread high-speed Internet access, including access for vehicles and other modes of high-speed transportation. The current widely deployed method for providing Internet Protocol (IP) services to mobile devices is the mobile IP. This includes a handover process for a mobile device to maintain its IP session while it switches between points of access. However, the mobile IP handover causes performance degradation due to its disruptive latency and high packet drop rate. This is largely problematic for vehicles, as they will be forced to transition between access points more frequently due to their higher speeds and frequent topological changes in vehicular networks. In this article, we discuss the different mobile IP handover solutions found within related literature and their potential for resolving issues pertinent to vehicular networks. First, we provide an overview of the mobile IP handover and its problematic components. This is followed by categorization and comparison between different mobile IP handover solutions, with an analysis of their benefits and drawbacks.
Scrubbing Mechanism for Heterogeneous Applications in Reconfigurable Devices
Authors: Santos Rui , Venkataraman Shyamsundar , Kumar Akash
Published: February 2017

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) reconfigurable devices have been recognized as one of the most suitable processing devices to be applied in nano-satellites, since they can satisfy and combine their most important requirements, namely processing performance, reconfigurability, and low cost. However, COTS reconfigurable devices, in particular Static-RAM Field Programmable Gate Arrays, can be affected by cosmic radiation, compromising the overall nano-satellite reliability. Scrubbing has been proposed as a mechanism to repair faults in configuration memory. However, the current scrubbing mechanisms are predominantly static, unable to adapt to heterogeneous applications and their runtime variations. In this article, a dynamically adaptive scrubbing mechanism is proposed. Through a window-based scrubbing scheduling, this mechanism adapts the scrubbing process to heterogeneous applications (composed of periodic/sporadic and streaming/DSP (Digital Signal Processing) tasks), as well as their reconfigurations and modifications at runtime. Conducted simulation experiments show the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed solution in terms of system reliability metric and memory overhead.
Daehr
Authors: Xiong Haoyi , Zhang Jinghe , Huang Yu , Leach Kevin , Barnes Laura E.
Published: February 2017

Electronic health records (EHR) provide a rich source of temporal data that present a unique opportunity to characterize disease patterns and risk of imminent disease. While many data-mining tools have been adopted for EHR-based disease early detection, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the most commonly used statistical methods. However, it is difficult to train an accurate LDA model for early disease diagnosis when too few patients are known to have the target disease. Furthermore, EHR data are heterogeneous with significant noise. In such cases, the covariance matrices used in LDA are usually singular and estimated with a large variance.

This article presents
Daehr
, an extension of the LDA framework using electronic health record data to address these issues. Beyond existing LDA analyzers, we propose
Daehr
to (1) eliminate the data noise caused by the manual encoding of EHR data and (2) lower the variance of parameter (covariance matrices) estimation for LDA models when only a few patients’ EHR are available for training. To achieve these two goals, we designed an iterative algorithm to improve the covariance matrix estimation with embedded data-noise/parameter-variance reduction for LDA. We evaluated
Daehr
extensively using the College Health Surveillance Network, a large, real-world EHR dataset. Specifically, our experiments compared the performance of LDA to three baselines (i.e., LDA and its derivatives) in identifying college students at high risk for mental health disorders from 23 U.S. universities. Experimental results demonstrate
Daehr
significantly outperforms the three baselines by achieving 1.4%--19.4% higher accuracy and a 7.5%--43.5% higher F1-score.
Evaluating the Privacy Guarantees of Location Proximity Services
Authors: Argyros George , Petsios Theofilos , Sivakorn Suphannee , Keromytis Angelos D. , Polakis Jason
Published: February 2017

Location-based services have become an integral part of everyday life. To address the privacy issues that emerge from the use and sharing of location information, social networks and smartphone applications have adopted location proximity schemes as a means of balancing user privacy with utility. Unfortunately, despite the extensive academic literature on this topic, the schemes that large service providers have adopted are not always designed or implemented correctly, rendering users vulnerable to location-disclosure attacks. Such attacks have recently received major publicity as, in some cases, they even exposed citizens of oppressive regimes to life-threatening risks. In this article, we systematically assess the defenses that popular location-based services and mobile applications deploy to guard against adversaries seeking to identify a user’s location. We provide the theoretical foundations for formalizing the privacy guarantees of currently adopted proximity models, design practical attacks for each case, and prove tight bounds on the number of queries required for carrying out successful attacks in practice.

To evaluate the completeness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments against popular services including Facebook, Foursquare, and Grindr. Our results demonstrate that, even though the aforementioned services implement various privacy-preserving techniques to protect their users, they are still vulnerable to attacks. In particular, we are able to pinpoint Facebook users within 5m of their exact location. For Foursquare and Grindr, users are pinpointed within 15m of their location in 90% of the cases, even with the strictest privacy settings enabled. Our attacks are highly efficient and complete within a few seconds. The severity of our findings was acknowledged by Facebook and Foursquare, both of which have followed our recommendations and adopted our design of a safe proximity scheme in their production systems. As the number of mobile applications offering location functionality will continue to increase, service providers and software developers must be able to assess the privacy guarantees that their services offer. To that end, we discuss viable defenses that can be currently adopted by all major services, and provide an open-source testing framework to be used by researchers and service providers who wish to evaluate the privacy-preserving properties of applications offering proximity functionality.
Advances in the Quantum Theoretical Approach to Image Processing Applications
Authors: Abura'ed Nour , Khan Faisal Shah , Bhaskar Harish
Published: February 2017

In this article, a detailed survey of the quantum approach to image processing is presented. Recently, it has been established that existing quantum algorithms are applicable to image processing tasks allowing quantum informational models of classical image processing. However, efforts continue in identifying the diversity of its applicability in various image processing domains. Here, in addition to reviewing some of the critical image processing applications that quantum mechanics have targeted, such as denoising, edge detection, image storage, retrieval, and compression, this study will also highlight the complexities in transitioning from the classical to the quantum domain. This article shall establish theoretical fundamentals, analyze performance and evaluation, draw key statistical evidence to support claims, and provide recommendations based on published literature mostly during the period from 2010 to 2015.
Minimizing Test Suites with Unfoldings of Multithreaded Programs
Authors: Saarikivi Olli , Ponce-De-León Hernán , Kähkönen Kari , Heljanko Keijo , Esparza Javier
Published: February 2017

This article focuses on computing minimal test suites for multithreaded programs. Based on previous work on test case generation for multithreaded programs using unfoldings, this article shows how this unfolding can be used to generate minimal test suites covering all local states of the program. Generating such minimal test suites is shown to be NP-complete in the size of the unfolding. We propose an SMT encoding for this problem and two methods based on heuristics which only approximate the solution, but scale better in practice. Finally, we apply our methods to compute the minimal test suites for several benchmarks.
Increasing access to computer science for blind students
Authors: Baker Catherine M.
Published: February 2017

Computer science has many aspects that are inaccessible to someone who is blind. My research has focused on identifying the different barriers that exist for blind students in computer science and creating technology to overcome them. I have done two projects towards this goal, StructJumper and a survey and interviews with blind students about their experiences learning programming. StructJumper is a tool that creates a tree based on the structure of the code, which can be used for navigation and discovering contextual information in the code. The surveys and interviews focused on the barriers that blind students faced in learning computer science. For my dissertation, I am proposing one more project investigating how to convey updates to data structures.
Designing in, and for, the inclusive classroom
Authors: Brulé Emeline
Published: February 2017

In France and in the global north in general, children living with impairments are increasingly attending mainstream schools, according to recent inclusion laws. My thesis explores how inclusion changes children's experience of school as well as how it influences designers' practices. In order to understand the issues at stake, in the case of children living with visual impairments, I conducted a longitudinal field-study, introducing and observing various probes and prototypes, developed using a co-design approach. I will present the current state of this interdisciplinary research, and in particular how these artifacts reconfigured the relationships between actors (children, caregivers, institutions' representatives). Our findings help understanding instructional technologies' adoption process, and provide design examples and guidelines for the inclusion of children living with visual impairments in the classroom.
Examining facial recognition technology to augment the indoor navigation experience of individuals who are blind
Authors: Abdolrahmani Ali
Published: February 2017

Independent navigation is an important aspect in the lives of individuals who are blind. While orientation and mobility training often equip these individuals with skills for independent living, recent advances in navigation technologies could be used to augment the subjective quality of their navigation experience. In addition to outdoor navigation, blind individuals need to effectively navigate indoor spaces in different social contexts and environments. Moreover, they may need to identify the presence of known and unknown individuals in their vicinity in order to support social interactions (i.e. cueing the user to greet known individuals by name). Combining wearable solutions with computer vision and facial recognition (FR) technologies has the potential to help in this regard. However, only limited research has examined these technologies to inform the future design of assistive aids such that they meet the real world needs of this population. Research in this proposal aims to use a human-centric approach to understand both the technical and social aspects of FR technology and its integration with navigation aids. An optimal design framework will be sought in order to improve computer-vision-based navigation solutions for the blind community.
A day of immersive physiology experiments increases knowledge and excitement towards physiology and scientific careers in Native American students
Authors: Becker Bryan K. , Schiller Alicia M. , Zucker Irving H. , Eager Eric A. , Bronner Liliana P. , Godfrey Maurice
Published: February 2017

Underserved minority groups are disproportionately absent from the pursuit of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. One such underserved population, Native Americans, are particularly underrepresented in STEM fields. Although recent advocacy and outreach designed toward increasing minority involvement in health care-related occupations have been mostly successful, little is known about the efficacy of outreach programs in increasing minority enthusiasm toward careers in traditional scientific professions. Furthermore, very little is known about outreach among Native American schools toward increasing involvement in STEM. We collaborated with tribal middle and high schools in South Dakota and Nebraska through a National Institutes of Health Science Education Partnership Award to hold a day-long physiology, activity-based event to increase both understanding of physiology and enthusiasm to scientific careers. We recruited volunteer biomedical scientists and trainees from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Wesleyan University, and University of South Dakota. To evaluate the effectiveness of the day of activities, 224 of the ~275–300 participating students completed both a pre- and postevent evaluation assessment. We observed increases in both students self-perceived knowledge of physiology and enthusiasm toward scientific career opportunities after the day of outreach activities. We conclude that activity-based learning opportunities in underserved populations are effective in increasing both knowledge of science and interest in scientific careers.
Two weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training, but not high-intensity interval training, increases insulin-stimulated intestinal glucose uptake
Authors: Motiani Kumail K. , Savolainen Anna M. , Eskelinen Jari-Joonas , Toivanen Jussi , Ishizu Tamiko , Yli-Karjanmaa Minna , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Parkkola Riitta , Kapanen Jukka , Grönroos Tove J. , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof , Savisto Nina , Ahotupa Markku , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Knuuti Juhani , Nuutila Pirjo , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Hannukainen Jarna C.
Published: February 2017

Similar to muscles, the intestine is also insulin resistant in obese subjects and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Exercise training improves muscle insulin sensitivity, but its effects on intestinal metabolism are not known. We studied the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal glucose and free fatty acid uptake from circulation in humans. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged, sedentary men were randomized for 2 wk of HIIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting free fatty acid uptake from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography and [18F]FDG and [18F]FTHA. In addition, effects of HIIT and MICT on intestinal GLUT2 and CD36 protein expression were studied in rats. Training improved aerobic capacity ( P = 0.001) and whole body insulin sensitivity ( P = 0.04), but not differently between HIIT and MICT. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increased only after the MICT in the colon (HIIT = 0%; MICT = 37%) ( P = 0.02 for time × training) and tended to increase in the jejunum (HIIT = −4%; MICT = 13%) ( P = 0.08 for time × training). Fasting free fatty acid uptake decreased in the duodenum in both groups (HIIT = −6%; MICT = −48%) ( P = 0.001 time) and tended to decrease in the colon in the MICT group (HIIT = 0%; MICT = −38%) ( P = 0.08 for time × training). In rats, both training groups had higher GLUT2 and CD36 expression compared with control animals. This study shows that already 2 wk of MICT enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while both training modes reduce fasting free fatty acid uptake in the intestine in healthy, middle-aged men, providing an additional mechanism by which exercise training can improve whole body metabolism.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study where the effects of exercise training on the intestinal substrate uptake have been investigated using the most advanced techniques available. We also show the importance of exercise intensity in inducing these changes.
Exercise-induced upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in human skeletal muscle and number of circulating cells with remodeling properties
Authors: Strömberg Anna , Rullman Eric , Jansson Eva , Gustafsson Thomas
Published: February 2017

Multipotent cells have received great interest because of their potential capacity to repair and remodel peripheral tissues. We examined the effect of an acute exercise bout on the number of circulating cells with known remodeling properties and the level of factors in plasma and skeletal muscle tissue with potential to recruit these cells. Twenty healthy male subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise. Blood samples for flow cytometry were drawn from 10 subjects ( group 1) before and up to 2 h after exercise, and absolute cell counts of the classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) monocyte (MO) subpopulations and of CD45dimCD34+VEGFR2+endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured by bead-based determination. Plasma samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from the other 10 subjects ( group 2). In group 1, all MO subsets were increased directly after exercise, with CD14+CD16++MOs showing the greatest fold increase. After 2 h, only CD14++CD16−MOs were increased compared with resting levels. The number of EPCs showed a trend toward increasing with exercise ( P = 0.08). In group 2, the mRNA levels of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin increased in the skeletal muscle tissue. VEGF-A increased in exercised skeletal muscle and stimulated the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, exercise increases MO subsets with different temporal patterns and enhances the capacity of skeletal muscle tissue to recruit circulating cells as shown by increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study we showed for the first time that the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, known to be able to recruit circulating cells to the peripheral tissue, increased in exercised human skeletal muscle concurrently with increased circulating levels of cells shown to have importance for skeletal muscle remodeling. These findings support the concept of cell recruitment from the circulation playing a role in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.
Vaccination Targeting Native Receptors to Enhance the Function and Proliferation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Modified T Cells
Authors: Tanaka Miyuki , Tashiro Haruko , Omer Bilal , Lapteva Natasha , Ando Jun , Ngo Minhtran , Mehta Birju , Dotti Gianpietro , Kinchington Paul R. , Leen Ann M. , Rossig Claudia , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose: The multiple mechanisms used by solid tumors to suppress tumor-specific immune responses are a major barrier to the success of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells. As viruses induce potent innate and adaptive immune responses, we hypothesized that the immunogenicity of viruses could be harnessed for the treatment of solid tumors if virus-specific T cells (VST) were modified with tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). We tested this hypothesis using VZV-specific T cells (VZVST) expressing a CAR for GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed on neuroblastoma and certain other tumors, so that the live-attenuated VZV vaccine could be used for in vivo stimulation.

Experimental Design: We generated GMP-compliant, GD2.CAR-modified VZVSTs from healthy donors and cancer patients by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping peptide libraries spanning selected VZV antigens, then tested their ability to recognize and kill GD2- and VZV antigen–expressing target cells.

Results: Our choice of VZV antigens was validated by the observation that T cells specific for these antigens expanded in vivo after VZV vaccination. VZVSTs secreted cytokines in response to VZV antigens, killed VZV-infected target cells and limited infectious virus spread in autologous fibroblasts. However, while GD2.CAR–modified VZVSTs killed neuroblastoma cell lines on their first encounter, they failed to control tumor cells in subsequent cocultures. Despite this CAR-specific dysfunction, CAR-VZVSTs retained functional specificity for VZV antigens via their TCRs and GD2.CAR function was partially rescued by stimulation through the TCR or exposure to dendritic cell supernatants.

Conclusions: Vaccination via the TCR may provide a means to reactivate CAR-T cells rendered dysfunctional by the tumor microenvironment (NCT01953900). Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3499–509. ©2017 AACR.
Autophagy Inhibition Enhances Sunitinib Efficacy in Clear Cell Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: DeVorkin Lindsay , Hattersley Matthew , Kim Paul , Ries Jenna , Spowart Jaeline , Anglesio Michael S. , Levi Samuel M. , Huntsman David G. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Winkler Jeffrey D. , Tinker Anna V. , Lum Julian J.
Published: February 2017

Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) is an aggressive form of epithelial ovarian cancer that exhibits low response rates to systemic therapy and poor patient outcomes. Multiple studies in CCOC have revealed expression profiles consistent with increased hypoxia, and our previous data suggest that hypoxia is correlated with increased autophagy in CCOC. Hypoxia-induced autophagy is a key factor promoting tumor cell survival and resistance to therapy. Recent clinical trials with the molecular-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor sunitinib have demonstrated limited activity. Here, it was evaluated whether the hypoxia–autophagy axis could be modulated to overcome resistance to sunitinib. Importantly, a significant increase in autophagic activity was found with a concomitant loss in cell viability in CCOC cells treated with sunitinib. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy with the lysosomotropic analog Lys05 inhibited autophagy and enhanced sunitinib-mediated suppression of cell viability. These results were confirmed by siRNA targeting the autophagy-related gene Atg5. In CCOC tumor xenografts, Lys05 potentiated the antitumor activity of sunitinib compared with either treatment alone. These data reveal that CCOC tumors have an autophagic dependency and are an ideal tumor histotype for autophagy inhibition as a strategy to overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors like sunitinib.

Implications: This study shows that autophagy inhibition enhances sunitinib-mediated cell death in a preclinical model of CCOC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 250–8. ©2017 AACR.
ВПЛИВ ФАКТОРІВ СЕРЕДОВИЩА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛЮДИНИ НА РИЗИК ВИНИКНЕННЯ ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ХВОРОБ
Authors: Markovych I. H. , Markovych I. F.
Published: February 2017

Висвітлено питання інфекційної захворюва­ності, окреслено її загальні тенденції та регіональні особливості, оскільки в Україні щорічно в епідемічний процес залучаються широкі верстви населення, з яких до 8-9 млн осіб звертається за медичною допомогою. З метою встановлення динаміки інфекційного процесу було проведено ретроспективний епідеміологічний аналіз, який базувався на вивченні багаторічної захворюваності населення країни за даними галузевої звітності МОЗ України та Держсанепіднагляду. Розрахунок коефіцієнта кореляції дозволив виявити щільність зв’язку між чинниками середовища життєдіяльності людини та ризиком виникнення інфекційних хвороб, а метод простого ранжування ‒ розставити регіони країни в порядку їх значущості за різними критеріями, починаючи від чисельності населення чи рівня людського розвитку, і закінчуючи показниками інфекційної захворюваності. Проведений епідеміологічний аналіз з побудовою трендової моделі виявив, що в Україні спостерігається погіршення стану здоров’я населення, про що свідчить збільшення на 55 % показника поширеності хвороб за всіма класами та Індекс накопичення хвороб (1,4). Інфекційна та паразитарна захворюваність набула тенденції до зниження, її питома вага в загальній структурі хвороб не перевищує 4 %, однак зросла кількість залучених в епідемічний процес осіб похилого віку. Захворюваність має регіональні відмінності, зокрема висока поширеність цієї патології притаманна АР Крим, Волинській, Дніпропетровській, Донецькій, а найнижча – Закарпатській та Тернопільській областям.
КЛІНІЧНІ ТА ІНФЕКТОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХВОРИХ З РЕЦИДИВНОЮ АКТИВОВАНОЮ ГЕРПЕТИЧНОЮ ІНФЕКЦІЮ 1/2 ТИПУ ТА БЕЗПЛІДДЯМ
Authors: Shmyha T. V. , Pukalyak R. M. , Hayevska V. Y. , Hayevsky V. Y.
Published: February 2017

Обстежено 120 хворих з рецидивною активованою герпетичною інфекцією 1/2 типу, серед яких безпліддя було діагностоване у 63 пацієнтів. Виявлено, що клінічні прояви рецидивної інфекції вірусу простого герпесу (ВПГ) 1/2, особливо дерматологічного характеру, найбільше виражені у безплідних хворих, для яких були характерні часті рецидиви ВПГ 1/2, наявність ДНК ВПГ 1/2 у всіх досліджуваних клінічних зразках (слині, крові й зскрібках з місць уражень) та підвищені титри IgG у сироватці крові.
МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТНІ ПОРУШЕННЯ У ДІТЕЙ, ХВОРИХ НА ШИГЕЛЬОЗ ТА ІНФІКОВАНИХ HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: Kurlan N. Yu. , Olkhovska O. M.
Published: February 2017

Представлені результати оцінки вмісту цинку і міді сироватки дітей, хворих на шигельоз та інфікованих H. pylori. Виявлені значні порушення в системі мікроелементного гомеостазу в гострому періоді шигельозу. Визначено дефіцит вмісту цинку сироватки крові, який є більш вираженим у дітей, інфікованих H. рylori, та зниження рівнів міді: у дітей без фонового інфікування – суттєве, а у дітей, що інфіковані H. рylori, – незначне. До періоду ранньої реконвалесценції відбувається підвищення вмісту мікроелементів, але у дітей, інфікованих H. рylori, повного відновлення рівню цинку не спостерігається. Отримані дані відображають складну динаміку відновних процесів з відсутністю повного відновлення функціональних характеристик шлунково-кишкового тракту в інфікованих H. рylori дітей, незважаючи на регресію клінічних проявів шигельозу, та можуть бути використані для подальшого вдосконалення терапії таких хворих.
ІСТОРИЧНІ ВІХИ БОРОТЬБИ З ІНФЕКЦІЙНИМИ ХВОРОБАМИ НА ПІВДНІ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПЕРША КАФЕДРА ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ХВОРОБ
Authors: Chaban T. V. , Pyasecky B. M.
Published: February 2017

Описано історію становлення першої в Україні кафедри інфекційних хвороб в Одесі, а також заслуги видатних вітчизняних вчених, які стояли біля витоків цієї історичної події ‒ М.Ф. Гамалії, Г.М. Мінха, О.О. Мочутковського, В.А. Хавкіна, Д.К. Заболотного, В.К. Стефанського. Стисло охарактеризовано постаті їх відомих послідовників ‒ Л.К. Коровицького, Г.О. Гринберга, Р.П. Наумової, В.П. Ліпковського та ін.
ВАСИЛЬЄВА Н.А. ЛЕПТОСПІРОЗ: МОНОГРАФІЯ / Н.А. ВАСИЛЬЄВА, М.А. АНДРЕЙЧИН. – ТЕРНОПІЛЬ: ТДМУ, 2016. – 276 с.
Authors: Zinchuk O. M. , Zubach O. O.
Published: February 2017

Представлено рецензію монографії, в якій на підставі багаторічних досліджень авторів і аналізу даних літератури у розглянуто епідеміологію, патогенез, клініку, діагностику, лікування та профілактику лептоспірозу. Наведено нову інформацію про зміни домінуючих сероварів патогенних лептоспір, клініко-патогенетичну роль порушень органного кровоплину та імунних реакцій організму, термографічну семіотику хвороби, лікувальну ефективність алогенного протилептоспірозного гаммаглобуліну тощо.
СЛАВНИЙ ЮВІЛЕЙ ПРОФЕСОРА АНТОНІНИ ОЛЕКСІЇВНИ РУДЕНКО
Authors: Of authors Collective
Published: February 2017

Описано короткі біографічні відомості про відомого українського вченого, Заслуженого лікаря України, кавалера відзнаки НАМН України «Знак пошани», доктора медичних наук, професора Антоніну Олексіївну Руденко.
Вплив натуральних ароматизаторів на секреторну функцію слинних залоз
Authors: Skykevych M. H. , Voloshyna L. I. , Dubova H. E. , Kushch L. I.
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was the examination of body’s response process (saliva speed) on different flavors: fresh fruit flavor, solutions of liquid industrial flavors of the same name fruit and products comprising natural liquid flavors. The study was conducted on the basis of recognition of emotional impression from the flavor of fresh fruit, liquid aromas solutions, drinks with flavor. The comparison was made between the natural flavors (laboratory and industrial) that differ the proximity to original raw material flavor. We studied the secretary salivary glands function at a rest condition (control) and after three kinds of stimulation using private method – sialometry. It was found out that when retro nasal perception of fresh fruit flavor with expressed aldehyde group inherent to cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin, flavor the saliva speed was increased in 2.0-2.2 times in comparison with control measures. For flavor solutions the index of sialometry was in 1.2-1.4 times bigger than the control one if the flavor relates to the group of recognizable and pleasant aroma. Drinks with industrial flavors have an influence on the work of salivary glands as a chemical stimulus changing the saliva speed. At retro nasal perception of food flavor it is important a complex of multi-touch sensations: recognition, pleasant associations, flavor saturation, its expression. Emotional reactions connected with a flavor are the factors that influence on the way length of neuronal signal and the speed of salivary glands response.
Темп декомпресії жовчних шляхів після ендоскопічного транспапілярного втручання у хворих з обтураційною жовтяницею на ґрунті холедохолітіазу (повідомлення 1)
Authors: Nychytaylo M. Yu. , Dziubanovskyi O. I.
Published: February 2017

У роботі представлено динаміку біохімічних показників цитолізу та холестазу у 59 хворих на обтураційну жовтяницю, зумовлену холедохолітіазом із різним рівнем білірубіну, на 1–3 та 4–6 добу після транспапілярної ендоскопічної біліарної декомпресії. Темп відповіді жовтяниці на декомпресію визначали за формулою T. Shmizu і K. Yoshida в модифікації Э. И. Гальперина. Встановлено, що у пацієнтів з обтураційною жовтяницею і рівнем гіпербілірубінемії до 100 мкмоль/л і від 100 до 200 мкмоль/л транспапілярна ендоскопічна біліарна декомпресія супроводжується затяжним і помірним темпом відповіді жовтяниці на декомпресію. У хворих із рівнем гіпербілірубінемії >200 мкмоль/л встановлено трансформацію затяжного темпу декомпресії в швидкий темп на 4–6 добу після декомпресії, що може призвести до розвитку синдрому “швидкої декомпресії”.
Профілактика венозного тромбоемболізму у хворих старшої вікової групи з гострим некротичним панкреатитом
Authors: Shevchuk I. M. , Kuzenko R. T.
Published: February 2017

Проведено вивчення системи гемостазу у 43 хворих похилого віку на гострий некротичний панкреатит, які перебували на лікуванні в Івано-Франківській обласній клінічній лікарні з 2013 до 2016 року. Чоловіків було 27 (62,7 %), жінок – 16 (37,2 %). Вік хворих складав від 60 до 81 року, в середньому (66,2±1,18) року. В першу добу після госпіталізації лапароскопічні втручання виконано у 36 (83,7 %) хворих. Лапароскопічне дренування черевної порожнини з причини поширеного ферментативного перитоніту проведено у 27 (62,7 %) хворих. Лапароскопічну холецистектомію і дренування черевної порожнини при поширеному ферментативному перитоніті виконано у 9 (21 %) пацієнтів. У 7 (16,2 %) хворих проведено ранні відкриті операційні втручання. У 24 (55,8 %) пацієнтів проводили профілактику тромбоемболічних ускладнень низькомолекулярними гепаринами. Групу порівняння склали 19 (44 %) хворих, у яких профілактику тромбоемболічних ускладнень не проводили. У пацієнтів похилого віку із гострим некротичним панкреатитом переважали процеси гіперкоагуляції. Застосування низькомолекулярних гепаринів для профілактики тромбогеморагічних ускладнень у хворих похилого віку забезпечувало швидке усунення порушень гемокоагуляції та сприяло поліпшенню показників судинно-тромбоцитарної ланки гемостазу.