bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Waktu Tahan ketika Proses Thermo Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP) terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Fenomena Anneal Hardening Paduan Cu-Zn 70/30
Authors: Febriyanti Eka , Suhadi Amin , Fadli Ahmad , Riastuti Rini
Published: October 2020

Paduan Cu-Zn 70/30 memiliki sifat konduktivitas panas dan listrik yang sangat baik serta mampu bentuk yang baik. Cu-Zn 70/30 sangat luas digunakan sebagai core dan tank radiator otomotif, komponen amunisi, maupun perangkat bangunan dan arsitektur. Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) adalah salah satu metode rangkaian pengontrolan pemanasan dan pembentukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kualitas sifat material. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini digunakan metode TMCP dengan canai hangat untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik paduan Cu-Zn 70/30. Proses canai dilakukan dengan metode bolak-balik dengan deformasi sebesar 60% (30%-30%) dimana pada setiap pass-nya paduan Cu-Zn dipanaskan terlebih dahulu pada temperatur 300°C dengan waktu tahan berbeda mulai dari 30, 60, dan 120 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa dengan semakin lamanya waktu pemanasan dan kemudian dideformasi lebih lanjut maka terjadi penurunan mencapai 36,5 μm yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan kekerasan sebesar 174,12 HV dan kekuatan tarik mencapai 525,4 MPa pada waktu tahan 120 menit. Ditambah lagi, terdapat indikasi adanya fenomena Anneal Hardening karena tersegregasinya atom terlarut pada dislokasi atau batas butir sehingga memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik paduan Cu-Zn 70/30. Kata kunci: paduan Cu-Zn 70/30, TMCP, waktu tahan, sifat mekanis, anneal hardening
Efek Penambahan SiO2 dan B2O3 terhadap Suhu Sintering, Sifat Fisis, Struktur Kristal dan Mikrostruktur pada Keramik SiC
Authors: Putri Nadha Ananda , Sudiati Sudiati , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2020

: Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat keramik SiC dengan penambahan SiO2 dan B2O3 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan persentase aditif SiO2 dan B2O3 dan Suhu Sintering terhadap perubahan sifat Fisis, Struktur Kristal dan Mikrostruktur. Komposisi SiO2 dan B2O3 divariasikan yaitu 5%, 10%, dan 20% berat. Masing-masing bahan baku dan bahan aditif ditimbang, dicampur menggunakan media air dan digiling menggunakan High Energy Milling selama 32 menit. Selanjutnya campuran tersebut dikeringkan didalam oven dengan suhu 80°C. Kemudian serbuk tersebut dicampurkan dengan perekat PVA sebanyak 5% berat dan dilanjutkan dengan cetak dengan gaya 12 ton untuk membentuk pellet. Kemudian pellet tersebut di sintering pada suhu 800°C dan 900°C. Hasil karakterisasi diperoleh kondisi yang optimum yaitu sampel dengan penambahan 5% SiO2 dan 5% B2O3 dengan suhu 900°C memiliki densitas sebesar 2.91 g/cm 3 dan 2.78 g/cm 3 serta nilai porositas sampel sebesar 27,09 % dan 22.07%. Hasil analisa XRD yang optimum pada sampel 5% SiO2 dan 5% B2O3 dengan suhu 900°C menghasilkan fasa dominan yaitu moissanite (SiC) untuk kedua bahan aditif dan fasa minor yaitu cristobalite (SiO2 ) dan boron (B2O3 ). Pengujian mikrostruktur menunjukkan bentuk yang tidak beraturan dengan ukuran diameter butiran rata-rata 515.58 nm pada 5% SiO2 dan 669.74 nm pada 5% B2O3 .Kata kunci: Keramik SiC, Silikon Karbida, Silikon Dioksida, Boron Trioksida
Efek Variasi Suhu Pack Carburizing Baja St 41 terhadap Kekerasan dan Kekuatan Impak
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan
Published: October 2020

Proses pack carburizing adalah proses pengerasan permukaan baja , pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses pack carubirizing baja ST 41 untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan impaknya. Baja ST 41 tergolong baja karbon rendah, melalui proses tersebut bertujuan untuk mengeraskan permukaan baja ST 41 dan didalam baja masih lunak agar keuletan baja ST 41 masih bisa dipertahankan. Proses pack carburizing dilakukan dengan menimbun baja ST 41 dengan serbuk karbon dari arang kayu, kemudian di panaskan dengan variasi suhu yaitu 700, 750 dan 800oC dengan waktu penahanan untuk masing –masing suhu selama 30 menit. Setelah dilakukan pemanasan selanjutnya di quenching kedalam media air. Sampel yang telah mengalami pack carburizing selanjutnya di ukur kekerasan nya menggunakan Rockwell dan dilakukan uji impak Charpy untuk melihat tingkat kegetasan baja. Dari hasil pengukuran kekerasan diperoleh nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada sampel dengan suhu pemanasan 800oC yaitu sebesar 32 HRC dan memiliki nilai kuat impak sebesar 1,993 joule/mm2 . Bila dibandingkan dengan sampel sebelum proses pack carburizing, terjadi peningkatan kekerasan hampir dua kali lipat sedangkan nilai kuat impaknya juga terjadi peningkatan sebesar 10 %.Kata kunci: ST41, pack carburizing, quenching, kekerasan rock well, impak charpy
Proses Sintering dan Karakterisasi pada Keramik Zircon Silikat (ZrSiO4)
Authors: Suprapedi Suprapedi , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2020

: Zircon silikat (ZrSiO4 ) merupakan jenis keramik berbasis oksida dan banyak dipergunakan sebagai bahan refraktori. Untuk mengetahui proses sintering yang optimal maka pada penelitian ini di gunakan bahan alami yaitu zirkon silikat. Preparasi bahan dilakukan melalui proses pencampuran menggunakan wet milling dengan alat ball mill selama 12 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses pengeringan dan pencetakan membentuk sampel pelet. Pada proses pencetakan tekanan yang diberikan pada saat proses pencetakan sampel menggunakan gaya sebesar 10000 kgf. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses sintering (pembakaran) dengan variasi suhu 1200OC, 1300OC, dan 1400OC menggunakan tungku listrik dan ditahan selama 60 menit. .Sampel pelet yang telah disintering dilakukan pengujian antara lain : densitas, kekerasan, dan kuat tekan. Hasil karakterisasi keramik zircon silikat (ZrSiO4 ) menunjukkan bahwa densitas maksimum terdapat pada sampel dengan suhu sintering 1400O C dengan nilai 3,93 g/cm3 . Dalam pengujian kekerasan menunjukan nilai kekerasan tertinggi dicapai pada suhu 1400O C dengan nilai 570 Hv. Sedangkan pada pengujian kuat tekan nilai tertinggi dicapai dengan suhu sintering 1400O C mendapat angka kuat tekan sebesar 792,63 kg/cm2.Kata kunci: zircon silikat (ZrSiO4 ), sintering, refraktori, densitas, kekerasan, kuat tekan
Fizikai biztonsági kontrollok tervezésének és alkalmazásának gyakorlata az ISO/IEC 27001 szabvány elvárásainak tükrében
Authors: Tiszolczi Balázs Gergely
Published: October 2020

Az információ és az információs rendszerek megfelelő védelme körültekintő tervezést és számos kontroll implementálását igényli a vállalkozások részéről, amelynek sok esetben valamely információbiztonsági keretrendszer, legtöbbször az ISO/IEC 27001 nemzetközi szabvány bevezetésével tesznek eleget. A szabvány rendelkezései közt hangsúlyosan foglalkozik többek közt az információs rendszerek fizikai védelmének kialakításával. Jelen tanulmány olyan tervezési, üzemeltetési megfontolásokat tárgyal, amely segíthet, hogy a felelős szakemberek a szabvány elvárásainak megfelelő fizikai biztonsági rendszereket hozzanak létre.
Brutális fizika másképp : Fizikusok az igazság nyomában
Authors: Fülöp Péter
Published: October 2020

A különböző bűncselekmények, balesetek során lejátszódó fizikai folyamatok kvalitatív és kvantitatív leírása igazságügyi fizikus szakértő feladata. A leggyakrabban előforduló ügyek fizikai szempontból jól csoportosíthatók. A hajítások és a deformációk fizikáján keresztül az olvasó átfogó képet kaphat a gyakorlatban alkalmazott módszerekről. A tanulmányban kitérek néhány fogalom, mennyiség rövid magyarázatára is, melyek a jelenségek megértését segítik.
Penyisihan Krom pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Penyamakan Kulit Menggunakan Metode Elektrokoagulasi
Authors: Hasyyati Lina , Hartati Etih , Djaenudin Djaenudin
Published: October 2020

Tanning is the process that converts animal hides and skin into stable and imputrescible products called leather. The production processes in a tanning use chromium sulfat. Chrome metal is a heavy metal that is toxic, so the waste water from the leather tanning process will pollute the environment if it is not treated. In this research, wastewater treatment is used by electrocoagulation method to determine the effect of operating on the chromium removal to obtain optimal conditions. In this study, electrocoagulation experiments were using aluminum electrodes. Electrocoagulation process was carried out in 9 variations with parameters pH, electrical current and time where pH was set at pH 7. Electrical current done on 0.5 A, 1 A, and 1.5 A. Time done in 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. The experiment results were analyzed by comparing the concentration before processing and concentration after processing to obtain efficiency. Based on the experimental result on 9 variations, the variation that has the highest efficiency is at electrical current 1.5 Ampere and time 3 hours. This variation can remove 78.95 % chrome concentration from 245.1 mg/L to 51.6 mg/L.
İlkokul Matematik Öğretim Pogramının Sayı Duyusu Temel Bileşenlerine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇETİN Hatice , ÖZTÜRK Şeyma
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2018 yılında son güncellemesi yapılan ilkokul matematik dersi öğretim programında yer alan kazanımları sayı duyusu temel bileşenlerine göre incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemi durum çalışması desenine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. İlkokul matematik programındaki tüm kazanımlar sınıf düzeyi ve öğrenme alanları bazında sayı duyusu bileşenlerine göre detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Veriler betimsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Program bir alan uzmanı ve sayı duyusu ile ilgili yüksek lisans dersi almış iki sınıf öğretmeni tarafından incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda öğretim programında; en fazla sayı duyusu bileşeninin yer aldığı sınıf düzeyinin 3. Sınıf olduğu görülmüştür. Sayılar ve işlemler öğrenme alanında 32, ölçme öğrenme alanında 7 kazanım sayı duyusu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sayıların anlamı bileşenine uygun 12, sayıların büyüklüğü bileşenine uygun 8, esnek işlem yapma ve sonucun akla yatkınlığın yargılama bileşenine uygun 7, tahmin etme bileşenine uygun 12 kazanıma ulaşılmıştır. Genel olarak ilkokul matematik programında, bu çalışma kapsamında referans aldığımız sayı duyusu bileşenlerine doğrudan– işaret eden kazanımlar net olmamakla birlikte pek az bulunmuştur.
PERGERAKAN PASAR KAGET RUSUNAWA MARUNDA JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Aisy Karlina Rahdatul , Aflah Saffanah Zhahirah , Azkiawati Diana , Hantono Dedi
Published: October 2020

The increasing needs of daily life is certainly involve the market. The market is one of place for business opportunities for traders, the majority of which have small businesses. As the number of consumer demand increases for the necessities of life, then formed a market known as the 'shocking market'. It named “shocking” market because the market is temporary with traders who are always moving locations to find a crowded point of buyers. The activity is only for some time and lasts only a few hours. Usually this shocking market stands at a place that has other functions, such as a sidewalk or open field that has a potential point of bustling buyers in the surrounding environment. The shocking market presence can be assessed through its movement patterns, in which the movement patterns of traders by means of groups and at certain times are the background of this study. The presence of the shock market was reviewed in order to uncover the pattern of movement of traders in the shock market in the Marunda Rusunawa area. The method used is a qualitative rationalistic method, with interview and observation techniques in the field. The results of this study shows the movement pattern of the shocking market traders in Marunda Rusunawa and the reasons behind them moving in groups.
A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH IN EARLY DESIGN STAGE
Authors: Indarti Fenty Ratna
Published: October 2020

Due to the ozone layer depletion, global warming and climate change, there is a significant increase to reduce carbon emission. Practitioners and academia undertake studies to promote environmentally friendly built environments. Developed countries have established specific standards to achieve a carbon neutral as their commitment to contribute for a better earth condition. Design phases are considered as the early stage where the environmental approach needs to be applied to predict the building performance as soon as possible to maximise the energy efficiency of the proposed building. Another significant factor affecting the building energy performance is climate. Climate becomes the first parameter to generate building proposals as it is contextual to the site. This study aims to assess the application of environmental approach in designing educational building in temperate climate during the early design stage. The combination of design and simulation during the early design stage, helps to define the best design proposal to adopt passive design that harvest the environment condition as much as possible to deliver comfort into the building.
Sintering Preparation of 15 wt% Cr Cast Iron as well as Its Mechanical Properties and Impact Abrasive Wear
Authors: Xiao Liyang , Xiao Pingan , Brândușan Liviu , Gu Jinghong , Li Zhongtao , Gu Simin
Published: October 2020

15 wt% Cr sintered High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) with full density was successfully prepared by Super-solidus Liquid Phase Sintering (SPLS) technique, with water atomized 15 wt% Cr high chromium cast iron powder as initial materials. Its densification behavior and microstructure evolution in SPLS process and mechanical properties were investigated systematically. Additionally, the impact abrasive wear resistance under different impact energies were also analyzed and compared with another sintered HCCI with 20 wt% Cr. The results indicated that sintering temperature has a strong influence on the sintered alloy’s density, hardness, impact toughness and bending strength. The M7C3 type (M is Cr and Fe) carbides were obviously coarsened as temperature increased and their rod-shaped branches were fully developed at the same time, thereby resulting in carbide network formation in the matrix. The reasonable sintering temperature range was 1195–1205 °C, and the optimum mechanical properties had the hardness of 63.9 HRC, bending strength of 2112.65 MPa and impact toughness of 7.92 J/cm2. What is more important impact abrasive wear test results indicated 15 wt% Cr sintered HCCI’s wear resistance could be comparable to 20 wt% Cr sintered HCCI under impact energy 1~3 J/cm2, and it is more cost effective.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN WORKING CAPACITY AND SERUM LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN LABORATORY RATS
Authors: Zamoshchina T. A. , Gostyukhina A. A. , Zaitsev K. V. , Zhukova O. B. , Svetlik M. V. , Abdulkina N. G. , Prokopova A. V.
Published: October 2020

The available evidence on seasonal changes in work capacity and anaerobic metabolism is very heterogeneous. Animal studies contribute to better understanding of adaptive reactions of the body to various influences and can serve as a basis for the development of physiotherapeutic, pharmacological and other methods to increase adaptive capabilities of the human body to hard working conditions and environmental situations. The aim was to study the characteristics of the five-days working capacity dynamics serum lactate concentration in laboratory rats across seasons. Methods. Eighty male Wistar rats (220-250g) comprised the sample. Measurements were taken in the middle of each season. The working capacity of animals until complete fatigue was assessed in a swimming test at the same time of a day. Results. Working capacity in rats in the swimming test had the highest values in the summer (75.4 s) and in the spring (78 s), while it was the lowest in the autumn (47.8 s). The highest concentrations of lactate we, on the contrary, observed in the in the autumn. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the working capacity in rats is the best in the spring and in the summer, worse in the winter and the worst in the autumn. One may speculate that the genetically determined seasonal pattern of metabolic processes in the skeletal muscle of rats may determines seasonality in their working capacity.
CORPORATE WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kovalev S. P. , Yashina E. R. , Ushakov I. B. , Turzin P. S. , Lukichev K. E. , Generalov A. V.
Published: October 2020

Corporate workplace health promotion programs include a broad range of activities supported by the employer and directed at health promotion and disease prevention among the employees resulting in reduction of occupational health risks and forming healthy lifestyles. Corporate health and occupational health are the most common terms related to health in a workplace. Occupational health deals with devising and implementing policy instruments on workers' health, protecting and promoting health at the workplace to ensure long and productive professional career in given occupational conditions. Corporate health is one of the components of the corporative culture, which in addition to reduction of occupational risks and general health protection of the employees supports health promotion, increase in productivity and forming an good image of the employer. A descriptive study summarizing best practices in creating and implementing corporate workplace health promotion programs in the Russian Federation was performed. The effectiveness of these programs in the leading Russian companies is also discussed. This paper was written as a part of the research on state assignment to the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
Strategy Planning for Rice Seed Producer’s Information System Using Anita Cassidy Method
Authors: Jaja Jaja , Purwanti Santi , Herlawati Herlawati
Published: October 2020

Strategic planning of information systems on seed producers is an action that needs to be taken in order to maintain and make the business grow faster. However, such information system usually been created through the system development life cycle (SDLC) or other methods that appropriate for business. This study used Anita Cassidy method for strategic planning of rice seed producer’s information systems in XYZ Ltd., as case study. The following stages has been done, i.e. visioning, analysis, direction, and recommendations. The final results of the stages carried out recommend business applications that can be implemented, namely: Rice seed certification information systems, E-Commerce of Rice Seeds, Rice Type Determination Applications, Irrigation Control Applications, Paddy Pest Resolution Applications, Rice Growth Monitoring Applications, Personnel Information Systems, Payroll Information System, Procurement Information System, Financial Information System.

Keywords: Information Systems, Information Systems Strategic Planning, Anita Cassidy Method
Shakespeare's “Vicious Blots” and the Diction of Later English Bible Translations
Authors: Arrington Phillip
Published: October 2020

This essay examines the possible significance of blot variants in both Shakespeare's corpus and later English Bible translations, especially their increased use in l611 King James Version and the Revised Standard Edition compared to earlier English Bible translations. The shared fondness for these variants and their figurative potential suggest the literal constraints of inscription and erasure shown in the neglected “discourse of inscription” that appears in the poet-playwright's and later Bible translators' printed works.
Lust, Spirit, and the Vice List in Shakespeare's Sonnet 129 and Galatians 5
Authors: Blaine Marlin E.
Published: October 2020

Sonnet 129 ironically reinscribes Galatians 5:16–26, reconfiguring the relationship between spirit, lust, and will articulated in Paul's epistle. Paul counsels his audience not to “fulfil the lustes of the flesh,” which he enumerates in a format known to biblical scholars as a vice-list. If the lusts of the flesh dictate behaviors, the sinner, says Paul, lacks self-control: “ye can not do the same things that ye wolde.” Paul counters those lusts with “the spirit,” which signifies a moral freedom resulting from the regenerating effects of divine grace and produces in the “new man” a set of behaviors which Paul particularizes in the counterpart of the vice-list, a virtue list. The lusts of the flesh, says Paul, bar one from kingdom of God, while the actions of the spirit lead to salvation. In Sonnet 129, rhetorical features such as the opposition between lust and spirit, an extensive “vice list,” and a disquisition on the loss of self-control brought on by passion link the sonnet to Paul's epistle. Shakespeare handles the Pauline material with brutal irony, reducing spirit from a sign of God's regenerating influence to a synonym for semen and proceeding to a radically pessimistic conclusion on the inability of the individual “shun the heaven” of sexual pleasure “that leads men to [the] hell” of lust.
Flesh, World, Devil: The Nature of Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien
Authors: Freeman Austin
Published: October 2020

This article examines the nature of evil in Tolkien's work in light of Tom Shippey's well-known assertion that Tolkien struggled between two poles: a ‘Manichaean’ or dualist position and the Catholic Augustinian or ‘Boethian’ position which views evil as an absence. After noting that subsequent respondents to Shippey take this distinction for granted and often seem to misread Shippey himself, the author argues that in fact the whole discussion is ill-founded. New frameworks for reading Tolkien's views on evil should be sought. The article then presents a new proposal: dividing Tolkien's evils into the tripartite distinction of flesh, world, and devil long present in theological discussions.
Meeting Face to Face: C.S. Lewis's Till We Have Faces and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness
Authors: King Derek
Published: October 2020

C. S. Lewis's Till We Have Faces is, among other things, a meditation on and response to divine hiddenness. The theme of hiddenness stretches throughout the work, and Orual's accusation against the gods centers precisely on the silence of the gods. Accordingly, Lewis gives a number of responses to the problem of divine silence or hiddenness in the novel. In this paper, I explore Lewis's engagement with divine hiddenness by comparing his framing of the problem, and his responses given, to divine hiddenness in modern philosophy of religion: the argument of J. L. Schellenberg and his responders. I argue that at least two of Lewis's responses in Till We Have Faces are similar to those found in this literature, despite predating Schellenberg's argument by almost fifty years, and that a third response, though different, is an important though often neglected response today.
Multidisciplinary principle of management in stroke patients. Criterions of efficiency and factors of successful rehabilitation
Authors: Kovalchuk V. V. , Barantsevich E. R. , Galkin A. S. , Guryanova E. A. , Nesterin K. V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the principles and features of the multidisciplinary team’s activity which are providing the adequate maintaining in stroke patients. The principles of carrying out, advantages and risks of early rehabilitation and early verticalization are considered. The main principles of physical rehabilitation are analyzed also.
Clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Afanasyeva M. Yu. , Goldobin V. V. , Klocheva E. G.
Published: October 2020

The data of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) who were examined and treated in 2013–2020 are presented. 136 patients were examined (37.3 ± 11.4 years) – 107 (78.7 %) women, 29 (21.3 %) men. Detailed neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography were performed. Results. Primary RCVS was detected in 29 (21.3%), secondary RCVS – in 69 patients (50.7%), and a combination of primary and secondary RCVS factors – in 38 (28.0%) patients. In 95 (69.8%) patients (80 women, 15 men; p < 0.05) signs of cerebral artery angiodysplasia were identified. Hypoplasia of venous sinuses (transverse and/or sigmoid) was found in 34 patients (29 women and 5 men). Conclusions. RCVS is developed in women more often than men, but there was no significant difference in risk factors between men and women. Predisposing factors of both primary and secondary RCVS can be revealed simultaneously. Women were more likely to have variants of brachiocephalic artery development. Clarification of angiodysplasia variant influence to the development and severity of RCVS requires further study.
Multi-modal (visual, acoustic, cognitive) evoked potentials in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dulnev V. V. , Slyusar Т. A.
Published: October 2020

The objective. To assess and compare the multi-modal evoked potentials (EP) (flash visual [fVEP], brainstem acoustic [BAEP] and cognitive evoked responses [CER]) parameters in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy ones.

Materials and methods. There are 100 children aged 3–17 years were examined. Experimental group included 55 children with CP, diagnosed according to International cerebral palsy criteria (P. Rosenbaum et al., 2006), and mild motor deficit (levels I–II of Gross Motor Function Classification Scale), undergoing rehabilitation course. Control group was presented by 45 healthy children aged 3–17 years with no neurological signs. Registration of the fVEP, BAEP and CER and their comparative analysis with non-parametric tests was performed. Neurophysiological recording performed on EMG-VP4 system (MBN Scientific Company, Moscow, Russia).

Results. Slowing of maturation and significant delaying of main EP components were observed in experimental group.

Conclusion. Findings in this investigation indicate the retardation of cortical sensory processing in children with CP. Analyzing multi-modal EP may be helpful in early detecting sensory abnormalities as complications of CP.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF USING GNSS-REFLECTOMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE HEIGHT TO THE REFLECTING SURFACE
Authors: Sipko Anton I. , Kosarev Nikolay S.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with a promising method of GNSS-reflectometry which is currently used to solve a range of different problems in oceanology, climatology, hydrography, geophysics, glaciology, hydrometry, and many other related Earth sciences. It is shown that the accuracy of the GNSS-reflectometry method using only one receiver is estimated to be several centimetres and depends on reflecting surfaces. According to preliminary results, the accuracy of the GNSS-reflectometry method using a single receiver lies within a few centimetres and depends not only on reflecting surfaces, but also on the choice of a satellite to analyse. To eliminate any erroneous results in determining the distance to the reflecting surface, it is suggested to analyse a larger number of satellites located at elevation from 5 to 25 degrees.
USE OF CARTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS OF THE INTERNET WHEN COMPLETING THE “ELECTRONIC ARCHIVE OF MAPS OF SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST”
Authors: Kationov Oleg N. , Romanenko Nikita A. , Sidorchuk Oksana N.
Published: October 2020

The article describes Internet resources containing cartographic materials. Their condition, the ability to use when creating onElectronic Archive of maps of Siberia and the Far East from the 17th century to 1941. Using the comparison method, the authors conclude that electronic resources regarding maps can be divided into four groups. The first is web sites of libraries or archives, where copies of maps available for download, with good resolution. Also, on these sites there are bibliographic descriptions of these maps. The second group consists of cartographic sites that display maps for consumers, also with the right to download, providinj to links to this site (example site - “EtoMesto”). However, the authors of the sites or organizers initially declare only the quality of the maps, without a description of their history. More often map legend, time of creation and its scale are indicated. The third - thematic sites dedicated to any natural objects (the Baikal Nature Site), one of the sections of which are maps of different times with a fairly good resolution, but without bibliographic descriptions. The fourth group is the sites of administrations of constituent entities of the federation, municipalities. In the sections devoted to the history of administrative-territorial formation, maps with different quality of permission are placed. They are also without bibliographic description. But they can be useful in accumulating information about existing maps.
APPLICATION OF THEORY OF SETS IN INFORMATIVE CARTOGRAPHY
Authors: Martynov Gennadiy P. , Radchenko Lyudmila K. , Shurygina Elizaveta F.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the application of mathematical methods, in particular theory of sets, in the compilation and use of cartographic works. Specific examples are given when theory of sets is used in mapping, and examples when it works in creating and using cognitive cartographic resources are given.
CALCULATION OF THE ACHROMATIC DIFFRACTION SYSTEM WITH CORRECTED SPHERICAL ABERRATION (part 2)
Authors: Batomunkuev Yury Ts. , Pechenkina Alexandra A.
Published: October 2020

Achromatization of a three-component diffraction system consisting of one thick and two thin hologram optical elements is considered in the work. Analytical expressions are obtained for correcting the chromatic aberration of the position of a thick focusing hologram optical element by two scattering thin hologram optical elements in a given spectrum range. It is shown that achromatization is achieved for such a three-component system using two thin hologram elements located symmetrically on both sides of the thick element and having a value of the working diffraction order greater than the ratio of the focal length to the distance from the thin element to the image plane (at a given wavelength). The proposed three-component holographic system can be used to convert both an imaginary image into a real image and a real into an imaginary image in predetermined spectral regions of the visible, ultraviolet or infrared ranges of the spectrum.
SUBSTRATE MATERIAL INFLUENCE ON THE THERMOCHEMICAL LASER WRITING OF DIFFRACTIVE STRUCTURES ON ZIRCONIUM FILMS
Authors: Kuts Roman I. , Korolkov Victor P. , Shimansky Ruslan V. , N. Khomutov Vladimir N. , Malyshev Anatoly I.
Published: October 2020

The paper is devoted to comparing the features of the formation of oxide microstructures during direct laser writing on thin (100 nm) zirconium films deposited on glass and fused silica substrates to identify the most stable and predicted writing modes. The presence of self-induced oxide quasiperiodic structures was detected during continuous laser writing on zirconium films deposited on glass substrates. The effect of the formation of nanostructures, which are parallel cracks in the oxide layer and have a period equal to the recording step (250-500 nm), formed during the writing process on zirconium films deposited on a quartz substrate is revealed. The advantages of fused silica as a substrate material for direct laser writing on zirconium films are shown due to the higher softening temperature of fused silica compared to glass.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STRAIGHTNESS INSPECTION SYSTEM OF THE RIFLED GUNS CHANNELS
Authors: Zavyalov Petr S. , Khakimov Dmitry R. , Guschina Anna A. , Ermolenko Aleksey V. , Skokov Dmitry V. , Sartakov Vladimir Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the development of a non-contact straightness inspection system of the rifled guns channels based on the structured light method. A compact optical probe has been developed, in which a diffractive optical element (DOE) is used to illuminate the bore. Algorithms for processing a series of images obtained by scanning a bore are proposed and developed. In the issue of image processing 3D form of the controlled product is reconstructed. The test results of the straightness inspection system on real samples are presented. As a result of the tests, the error of measurements of straightness deviations at the level of ± 4 microns was obtained.
VOLUMETRIC EFFECTS FOR IMAGE FORMATION OF 3D ASYMMETRIC EDGE
Authors: Chugui Yuri V.
Published: October 2020

The peculiarities for formation of the image of volumetric asymmetric absolutely absorbing edge (the main fragment of constant thickness thick plates) in a diffraction-limited projection system are investigated in analytical form applied to 3D-objects dimensional inspection. Structures and profiles of image intensities for front and back object sides are studied respectively at small and big apertures of the 3D-object optical system for various ratios of object bevel c , the Fresnel zone size d ~ ( l - the light wavelength, d - object thickness) and an angular aperture of the optical system. It is shown that in case when the bevel с << d , the shift of intensity profile of the 3D-edge image, proportional to Fresnel's zone and bevel size, takes place. Formulas for the image profile of the back side are obtained and investigated in case of strong volumetric effects, when the focus-row depth of the system is much less than the object thickness. The obtained results are in good agreement with results of computer simulations.
CORRECTION OF PROJECTIVE DEFORMATIONS OF 3D OBJECT, ON THE STAGE OF HOLOGRAM FORMATION
Authors: Shoydin Sergey A. , Pazoev Artem L.
Published: October 2020

The problems of digital synthesis of holograms associated with a discrete representation of a signal forming a holographic image are analyzed. One of the significant limitations is the technological problems of the formation of holographic structures pointwise due to diffraction limitations of the size of the focused spot of the optical-mechanical builder. This narrows the spectrum of possible spatial frequencies of the pointwise synthesized hologram in comparison with the classical hologram recorded in an analog way, which in turn leads to difficulties in recording holograms with a large depth of 3D image. We discuss a way to overcome this problem by using an optical projection system with the possibility of both transverse and longitudinal image size. Some possibilities of constructing such systems are shown and experimentally confirmed, and some problems of deformation distortions of 3D images arising during their creation are analyzed.
ANALYSIS OF ROTATION AND SCALE INVARIANCE FOR PROXIMITY MEASURES IN TARGET DETECTION
Authors: Utev Dmitry A. , Borisova Irina V. , Yushchenko Valery P.
Published: October 2020

The problem of stability of object detection in images using proximity measures is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the degree of invariance of various proximity measures for detecting objects by reference when rotating and zooming the scanned image. The proximity measure that is most resistant to these geometric transformations of the image is found out. The proximity measures are analyzed: correlation, comparison, Chamfer Distance. The target location is based on the coordinates of the extremum of the target function. Modeling is performed in the Matlab software package. A database of thirty television images was created to test the proximity measures. Test images contain the required objects and imitations of both complex and simple backgrounds. It was determined that all considered proximity measures steadily determine the target with small turns and scaling factors.
SCANNING MEASURING SYSTEM BASED ON TRIANGULAR LASER RANGEFINDER
Authors: Bondar Maxim N. , Legkiy Vladimir N. , Gibin Igor S.
Published: October 2020

A scanning laser range finder that provides distance measurement up to 10 m with an accuracy of 0.01 m for 360-degree circular scanning of space is described. Using the triangulation principle with a multi-element photodetector allows to creating a small-sized laser measuring system for robotic platforms for industrial and special purposes. Using the microcontroller allows to rationally implementing the discrete algorithm of the system in a given sector of space.
FORECAST OF TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA BY THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHANGES IN THE EARTH'S ROTATION SPEED
Authors: Tissen Viktor M.
Published: October 2020

The article provides information about the relationship between changes in the global temperature on the Earth and variations in the speed of its rotation. Special attention is paid to the study of the correlation between the onset of abnormal warm and cold winters of the Eurasian continent and sharp changes in the Earth's rotation speed. It been observed, that during periods of rapid deceleration in the 20th and 21st century, there were abnormally cold winters, and during periods of acceleration, abnormally warm ones. Thus, the periods of acceleration and deceleration of the Earth's rotation speed fell respectively on warm or cold winters in all cases, except for the winter of 1964/65 g., when the Earth's rotation occurred relatively evenly. Based on the obtained 90 % correlation of the number of coincidences of anamal winters with sharp changes in the speed of EW, as well as the calculated forecast of the Earth's rotation speed up to 2030, it is concluded that from 2024 to 2026 g, anamol cold winter should be expected in Russia and Europe
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF HERBICIDES IN THE SOIL
Authors: Stepanova Svetlana A. , Simonova Galina V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the concentration of herbicides in the soil, the study the effectiveness of different methods of decomposition fertilizers introduced into the soil, and the analysis factors involved in this process. In most cases, herbicides are difficult for decompose compounds, for which only 4-5% of the introduced substance is used for its intended purpose, and the rest of the mass is stored in the soil, passing from it to other systems (grass, natural water sources), creating complex ecological Problems. For research, the Tornado herbicide containing 45.5% (by weight) glyphosate was used.Both natural and artificial decomposition of impurities are considered. Quantitative measurements were carried out by the method of back titration. The amount of residual permanganate in the soil determined the titration by a solution of oxalic acid with a known concentration. It is shown, that artificial oxidation of soil contaminated with excess herbicide is most efftiсient.
ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE ON A HETEROGENE BACKGROUND
Authors: Chernikov Andrey A. , Purtov Anton I. , Prokofiev Ivan V.
Published: October 2020

The object of research is an optical-electronic system for detecting aircraft. The subject of the research is methods for selecting a moving object on a complex inhomogeneous background. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle by an optoelectronic system on a non-uniform background in real time. The presented studies were performed using video image processing methods. A noise-resistant method for selecting an unmanned aerial vehicle against a complex dynamic background is proposed. The algorithm is based on calculating the coordinates of the center of the object area by finding the Gaussian adaptive threshold of the background image. The proposed method can be used in the development of an optical-electronic system for detecting a moving unmanned aerial vehicle against a non-uniform background in real time in the infrared range. As a result, it was found that the proposed algorithm confidently copes with the detection of a contrasting object located at a distance of up to 2 km from the detection system.
James Rorty's Voice: Introduction to the mediastudies.press edition
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: October 2020

An introduction to a new edition of James Rorty's classic 1934 book Our Master's Voice. The book presents a coherent and original theory of advertising. Its main tenet holds that the ad business can only be understood within the totality of the country’s economy and culture. The alternative—to treat the business of publicity as a “carbuncular excrescence”—misses its centrality, its foundational place in American life. Rorty thus insisted on a holistic approach—in conscious contrast to the bounded inquiries of his analytic rivals in the university system. Rorty believed that the ad-man and his persuasive copy propped up American society—its capitalist economy, its culture of competitive emulation. The introduction argues that Rorty makes his argument at two levels. The first is economic: All the billboards and radio spots, according to Rorty, provide the fuel that keeps people buying—the coal powering the country’s merchandising juggernaut. American business would collapse without the ad-man’s ventilation. The book’s second, complementary point is that the system—an exploitative one, in Rorty’s view—relies on advertising for its ideological warrant. This claim emerges with greater subtlety, or at least erected around a series of sub-arguments, in the book’s first few chapters. But the key takeaway suggests that advertising serves to ratify the prevailing American regime of class-stratified consumption. Rorty’s former coworkers are, as it were, the master’s voice.
Comparative Response of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Trees to Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilization under Microsprinkler Irrigation
Authors: Uthman Qudus O. , Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Nkedi-Kizza Peter , Barlas Neriman T. , Atta Alisheikh A. , Morgan Kelly T.
Published: October 2020

Nitrogen and micronutrients have a key role in many citrus plant enzyme reactions. Although enough micronutrients may be present in the soil, deficiency can develop due to soil depletion or the formation of insoluble compounds. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the adsorption, distribution, and availability of Zn in a sandy soil; (2) compare the effectiveness of foliar and soil application methods of Zn on Huanglongbing [HLB] affected trees; (3) compare foliar application rates of Zn for HLB-affected trees; (4) determine the effect of N rates on yield, soil inorganic N distribution patterns, and tree growth parameters. Tree rows were supplied with three N rates of 168, 224 and 280 kg·N·ha−1 and Zn at single and double recommended rates (recommended rate = 5.6 kg·Zn·ha−1) using foliar and soil application methods, in a split-plot experimental design. The results show that Zn concentration in the 0–15 cm soil depth was three times higher than the 30–45 and 45–60 cm soil depths during the study. An adsorption study revealed high Zn (KD = 6.5) sorption coefficients at 0–15 cm soil depth, while 30–45 and 45–60 cm depths showed little sorption. Leaf Zn concentration for foliar spray was two times higher than the soil application method. A nitrogen level of 224 kg N ha−1 improved canopy volume when compared to other N levels at the expense of reduced fruit weight. Foliar Zn application at 5.6 or 11.2 kg ha−1 and N rate at 224 kg ha−1 appear to be adequate for improving the performance of HLB-affected citrus trees.
Patient-Derived Xenograft vs. Organoids: A Preliminary Analysis of Cancer Research Output, Funding and Human Health Impact in 2014–2019
Authors: Marshall Lindsay J. , Triunfol Marcia , Seidle Troy
Published: October 2020

Cancer remains a major threat to mortality and morbidity globally, despite intense research and generous funding. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models—where tumor biopsies are injected into an animal—were developed to improve the predictive capacity of preclinical animal models. However, recent observations have called into question the clinical relevance, and therefore the translational accuracy, of these. Patient-derived organoids (PDO) use patient tumor samples to create in vitro models that maintain aspects of tumor structure and heterogeneity. We undertook a preliminary analysis of the number of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer research studies using PDX or PDO published worldwide between 2014–2019. We looked for evidence of impacts of this research on human health. The number of publications that focused on PDO is gradually increasing over time, but is still very low compared to publications using PDX models. Support for new research projects using PDO is gradually increasing, a promising indicator of a shift towards more human-relevant approaches to understanding human disease. Overall, increases in total funding for these three major cancer types does not appear to be translating to any consequential increase in outputs, defined for this purpose as publications associated with clinical trials. With increasing public discomfort in research using animals and demands for ‘alternative’ methods, it is timely to consider how to implement non-animal methods more effectively
Ovarian Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Expression Genes Associated with Cell Death Process after Selection for Ovulation Rate in Rabbits
Authors: Serna-García Marta , Peiró Rosa , Serna Eva , Santacreu María Antonia
Published: October 2020

Litter size is an essential trait in rabbit meat production but with low heritability. A selection experiment for ovulation rate has been performed for 10 generations to improve litter size in rabbits. The selected line increased two ova more than the control line but nevertheless a negative correlation was observed with prenatal survival. A transcriptomic study was performed, using microarrays, in ovarian tissue from females belonging to the selected line and the control line. Our results showed 1357 differential expressed genes and nineteen potential biomarkers associated with prenatal mortality, which could explain differences between litter size in rabbits. Cell death was the most relevant process.
Effect of Fosfomycin on Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Ortega-Trejo Juan Antonio , Pérez-Villalva Rosalba , Arreola-Guerra José M. , Ramírez Victoria , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Bobadilla Norma A
Published: October 2020

Fosfomycin (Fos) has emerged as a potential treatment against multidrug-resistant organisms, however, there has been little work done on its influence on calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CIN). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Fos in combination with cyclosporine (CsA) on CIN. Two sets of experiments were undertaken. In the first, Wistar rats received different doses of Fos: 0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. In the second, rats were divided into four groups: control, CsA 15 mg/kg s.c., CsA + fosfomycin 62.5 mg/kg (CsA + LF), and CsA + Fos 500 mg/kg (CsA + HF). CsA was administrated daily for 14 days, whereas Fos administration started on the ninth day followed by two more doses, delivered 48 h apart. The administration of different Fos doses did not alter renal function. In contrast, CsA induced arteriolopathy, hypoperfusion, a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate, and downregulation of eNOS, angiotensinogen, and AT1R mRNA levels. Lower doses of Fos did not modify CIN. Instead, the CsA + HF group exhibited greater hypoperfusion, arteriolopathy, and oxidative stress, and increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study shows that Fos administered by itself at different doses did not cause renal injury, but when it was given repeatedly at high dosages (500 mg/kg) in combination with CsA, it increased CIN through the promotion of greater oxidative stress and renal inflammation.