bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Bicycle Balance Assistance Reduces Probability of Falling at Low Speeds When Subjected to Handlebar Perturbations
Authors: Haitjema Marten , Alizadehsaravi Leila , Moore Jason
Published: October 2024

Uncontrolled bicycles are generally unstable at low speeds. We add an automatically controlled steering motor to a consumer electric bicycle that stabilizes the riderless bicycle down to about 3 km/h to assist a rider in balancing the vehicle. We hypothesize that a such a stabilized bicycle will reduce the probability of falling. To test the system’s possible assistance during falls, we applied varying magnitude external handlebar perturbations to twenty-six participants who rode on a treadmill with the balance assist system both activated and deactivated. We show that the probability of recovering from a handlebar perturbation significantly increases when the balance assist is activated at a travel speed of 6 km/h. Thispositive effect is most prominent at and around the individual riders’ perturbation resistance threshold. We conclude that use of a balance assist system in real world bicycling can reduce the number of fallsthat occur near riders’ control authority limits.
A dynamic model of context-based retrieval
Authors: Paron Madison D. , Paron James D. , Kahana Michael J.
Published: October 2024

We propose a comprehensive model of how experiences are encoded and retrieved from memory. At the core of the model is a dynamic retrieval process incorporating two essential mechanisms: iterative retrieval, whereby information is sequentially sampled from memory to access the full history of experiences; and competitive retrieval, whereby the most prominent features in memory inhibit the recollection of other features. Together with context-based encoding, the model quantitatively explains well-known facts about response order and inter-response times in recall experiments. We show that our retrieval process maps closely to existing decision frameworks, such as drift-diffusion models, suggesting that the memory system plays a fundamental role in a wide-ranging set of decision-making settings.
The freedom to believe in free will: Evidence from an adoption study against the first law of behavioral genetics
Authors: Willoughby Emily A , Love Alan C , McGue Matt , Edwards Tobias , Giannelis Alexandros , Lee James J.
Published: October 2024

Philosophers and psychologists alike have long debated the etiology of beliefs about human agency. Recently, empirical investigations have shown that lay beliefs about free will and determinism represent stable and important individual differences. Despite a perennial interest in the sources of agentic belief, genetic and environmental influences on such beliefs have never been studied. We administered a battery of items assessing these beliefs to a unique sample of 394 adoptive and biological families with adult offspring to investigate the origins of agentic beliefs and their relationships. We found significant differences between adopted and biological offspring and between the parents of such children, particularly in beliefs about determinism. Biometric modeling revealed especially surprising results: unlike the vast majority of traits studied in family designs, agentic beliefs appear to be weakly or not at all heritable. Since genetic factors might be regarded as typical of the "initial conditions" in philosophical thought experiments about free will and determinism, it is especially ironic that beliefs about free will and determinism may be among the traits least influenced by genetic differences.
The Morgan Freeman effect: Long-term memory for voices frees up cognitive capacity to enhance speech perception in noise
Authors: Fischer Manda , Johnsrude Ingrid
Published: October 2024

When masked by competing speech, an utterance is more intelligible when it is spoken by someone familiar than by a stranger (novel voice). If this benefit occurs because listening to familiar voices is less cognitively demanding, then a concurrent task should disrupt perception of speech less if the attended voice is familiar. Participants (N=30) heard a mixture of two sentences in two different voices (familiar-novel or novel-novel) and reported the content of one (target) while ignoring the other (masker). Simultaneously, participants tracked the location of four moving dots on a screen (multiple-object tracking, MOT, dual-task) or ignored the visual input (single-task). Word-report was best when the target voice was familiar, worst when the masker voice was familiar, and intermediate when both voices were novel. Concurrent MOT performance reduced intelligibility of the novel but not the familiar target, suggesting that familiar voices require fewer cognitive resources to process than unfamiliar ones.
A Metatheory of Classical and Modern Connectionism
Authors: Guest Olivia , Martin Andrea E.
Published: October 2024

Contemporary AI models owe much of their success and discontents to connectionism, a framework in cognitive science that has been (and continues to be) highly influential. Herein, we analyze artificial neural networks (ANNs): a) when used as scientific instruments of study; and b) when functioning as emergent arbiters of the zeitgeist in the cognitive, computational, and neural sciences. Building on our previous work with respect to analogizing between ANNs and cognition, brains, or behaviour (Guest & Martin, 2023), we use metatheoretical analysis techniques (Guest, 2024), including formal logic, to characterise two distinct tendencies within connectionism that we dub classical and modern, with divergent properties, e.g. goals, mechanisms, scientific questions. We also demonstrate how we, as a field, often fail to follow important lines of argument to their end --- this results in a paradoxical praxis. By engaging more deeply with (meta)theory surrounding ANNs, our field can obviate the cycle of AI winters and summers, which need not be inevitable.
RR: INFLUENCE OF SELF-CONSTRUAL AND CULTURE ON COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IN THE INDUCED COMPLIANCE PARADIGM
Authors: Figureau Tim , Priolo Daniel , Sleegers Willem W. A. , DeMarree Kenneth G , Ghasemi Omid , Mauduy Maxime , Özdoğru Asil Ali , Ross Robert M , Sætrevik Bjørn , Schmidt Kathleen , Sommet Nicolas , Anders Royce , Chatard Armand , Dubrov Dmitrii , Evans Thomas Rhys , Girandola Fabien , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe Amélie , Grigoryev Dmitry , Jaubert Sara , Marie-Amélie Martinie , Moreno-Bella Eva , Sonmez Fatih , van Leeuwen Florian , Vieira Luc , Willis Guillermo B. , Yaghoobnezhad Marzie , Vaidis David C.
Published: October 2024

Cognitive dissonance, a fundamental psychological process involving inconsistent cognitions causing discomfort, may vary across cultures. These variations could be attributed to differences in the way people define themselves, known as “self-construal”. Previous cross-cultural studies on the role of self-construal in cognitive dissonance have mainly employed the free-choice paradigm. However, many concerns have been raised about the validity of this procedure and these studies, more generally. To address this issue, we will conduct secondary analyses to explore unexamined associations in a large existing dataset (Vaidis et al., 2024). Specifically, the current study will investigate the moderating role of individual (self-construal) and cultural (individualism) variables on dissonance effects following an induced-compliance paradigm across 18 countries (N = 3822). Based on the literature, we hypothesised that induced-compliance effects (i.e., adjusting attitude to match behaviour, particularly when it has been adopted freely) will be stronger for participants with higher individual self-construal scores (H1), in more individualistic countries (H2), and in countries with higher aggregated levels of independent self-construal (H3). The analyses [supported / did not support] H1, [supported / did not support] H2 and [supported / did not support] H3.Keywords: Self-Construal, Culture, Cognitive Dissonance, Induced Compliance, Cross-cultural study
Cross-Linguistic Effects of the Speech-to-Song Illusion in Speakers of Bangla and English
Authors: MacIntyre Alexis Deighton , Akter Rakhi
Published: October 2024

The speech-to-song illusion is a phenomenon in which the continuous repetition of a spokenutterance induces the listeners to perceive it as more song-like. Thus far, this perceptualtransformation has been observed in mostly European languages, such as English; however,it is unclear whether the illusion is experienced by speakers of Bangla (Bengali), anIndo-Aryan language. The current study, therefore, investigates the illusion in 28 Bangla-and 31 English-speaking participants. The experiment consisted of a listening task inwhich participants were asked to rate their perception of repeating short speech stimuli ona scale from 1 − 5, where 1 = "sounds like speech" and 5 = "sounds like song". The stimuliwere composed of English and Bangla utterances produced by two bilingual speakers. Toaccount for possible group differences in music engagement, participants self-reportedmusical experience and also performed a rhythm discrimination task as an objectivemeasure of non-verbal auditory sequence processing. Stimulus ratings were analysed withcumulative link mixed modelling. Overall, English- and Bangla-speaking participants ratedthe stimuli similarly and, in both groups, better performance in the rhythm discriminationtask significantly predicted more song-like ratings beyond self-reported musical experience.English speakers rated Bangla stimuli as significantly more song-like than English stimuli.Bangla speakers did not distinguish between English and Bangla stimuli–possibly reflectingtheir enhanced understanding of English, in comparison to the English participants’comprehension of Bangla. An exploratory acoustic analysis revealed a role of harmonicratio in the illusion for both language groups. These results demonstrate that thespeech-to-song-illusion occurs for Bangla speakers to a similar extent as English speakersand that, across both groups, sensitivity to non-verbal auditory structure is positivelycorrelated with susceptibility to this perceptual transformation.
Show me the labels: Using pre-nudges to reduce calorie information avoidance
Authors: Capitán Tabaré , Thunstrom Linda , van 't Veld Klaas , Nordström Jonas , Shogren Jason F.
Published: October 2024

Calorie labeling is a popular policy to address the obesity epidemic, but it has had little empirical success. Under the premise that willful avoidance of information plays a role in this result, we propose a novel approach—pre-nudges—to make consumers more receptive to calorie information. Unlike nudges, which are used to directly influence a choice, pre-nudges are used to directly influence how consumers react to the nudge itself (the calorie label). In line with predictions from our theoretical analysis, we test two pre-nudges in the context of menu labeling: one aims to increase self-efficacy, and the other one highlights the long-term health risks of overeating. In a large-scale laboratory experiment, we find that both pre-nudges reduce calorie information avoidance. Overall, our paper suggests a possible role for pre-nudges in addressing the obesity epidemic—one of the largest public health issues globally—and illustrates the potential usefulness of pre-nudges more generally
The characteristics of V, Sc, Cr and Ni within the Cambrian terrigenous-carbonate deposits found in the Syuldyukar kimberlite field (Western Yakutia)
Authors: Ignatov P. A. , Eremenko R. U. , Tolstov A. V. , Illarionov P. N. , Ovchinnikov I. M.
Published: October 2024

The investigation of the Syuldyukar kimberlite field, located within the Yakut diamond-bearing province, involved approximately 4,000 X-ray fluorescence (XFA) analyses and 150 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP AES) analyses on the host sedimentary rocks of the Upper Cambrian Holomolokha formation in proximity to the kimberlite bodies. The results indicated a disruption in the correlation ratios when compared to background concentrations, while subclark levels of vanadium (V), scandium (Sc), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and other elements remained consistent. The elements were divided into three categories: typomorphic elements for kimberlites (Cr, Ni, Co), elements associated with carbonatites (barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd), zirconium (Zr)), and elements characteristic of basalts (V, Sc, zinc (Zn)). High positive correlation coefficients were established for the specified elements in the background concentrations. However, ICP analyses indicated significant decreases in the correlation between elements from different groups in the near-kimberlite space at the Syuldyukar site. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that in the compression areas, the correlation ratios of various elements were inconsistent when compared to the stretching areas. The analysis of the XRF and ICP data reveled that the average elemental concentrations in the background and near-tube space were nearly identical, except for some unusual hurricane values, with variations showing only slight changes. The positive correlation of several elements likely reflects background geological processes, including sedimentation in a marine basin and subsequent transformations such as hypergenesis, diagenesis, and catagenesis. The significant decrease in correlation coefficients, even with background concentrations remaining stable, is likely due to the redistribution of elements in the fluid resulting from phreatomagmatic explosions linked to the intrusion of kimberlites. Aqueous chloride fluids were observed to most actively redistribute elements in areas experiencing local tectonic compression. The identified changes in the correlation ratios of background elemental concentrations in sedimentary rocks containing kimberlite could act as a new indicator for locating hidden diamond-bearing kimberlites.
Abundance, habitat distribution and content of reserve energy substances in shrews (Sorex caecutiens, Sorex isodon) within the Seymchan-Buyundinskaya Depression (Upper Kolyma River region)
Authors: Kiselev S. V.
Published: October 2024

This research examined the influence of interspecific interactions among shrew species on their territorial distribution and trophic conditions within larch and poplar-chosenia forests along the upper Kolyma River. The study specifically analyzed the biotopic characteristics associated with the relative abundance and energy reserve content, including fat tissue mass and glycogen levels in the liver, of Sorex caecutiens and S. isodon. Fieldwork was conducted in the Seymchan- Buyunda depression during July and August in 2003 and 2010. A total of 1,588 individuals from both species were captured using pitfall traps. The assessment of energy reserve content in S. caecutiens (n = 736) and S. isodon (n = 113) was carried out between 2006 and 2010. The abundance of S. caecutiens in the examined habitats exhibited consistent trends and a strong correlation (RS = 0.95, p < 0.01). Conversely, S. isodon displayed asynchronous fluctuations in abundance across various habitats, likely attributable to competition with Laxmann’s shrew, which tends to displace S. isodon from its preferred larch forest during periods of elevated population density. The interannual variations in energy reserve content for both shrew species were remarkably similar, with no significant differences observed between habitats. The nature of these variations suggested insufficient feeding conditions for the animals during years of high overall abundance, with the dominant species, S. caecutiens, contributing most significantly to this phenomenon in both habitats of the upper Kolyma. The results indicate that interspecific relationships play a crucial role in shaping both territorial distribution and food availability for these shrew species.
Abundance, ecology and dispersal of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads) in Yakutia
Authors: Safronov V. M. , Smetanin R. N. , Petrov K. A.
Published: October 2024

In 2006, 2011, 2013, and 2020, four groups of young wood bison, each made up of 30 individuals from Canada, were introduced to Yakutia. The bison began to reproduce at ages 2 to 3 in 2008. Their mating behavior was first noted in 2007 when they were 2 to 3 years old, and calving took place in the spring of 2008 when they were 3 to 4 years old. Between 2008 and 2023, 16 generations of calves were born from both Canadian and Yakutia-born bison. The percentage of females that gave birth varied each year, ranging from 46.2% to 92.3%, with an average of 69.3 ± 5.4%. In 2017 and 2018, some bison were released in the middle section of the Sinyaya River. By 2023, the total population of bison in the nurseries “Ust-Buotama,” “Tympynai,” and in free-ranging groups reached 348 individuals. We discuss the characteristics of pastures, plant nutrition, feeding, reproduction, reintroduction to the wild, and the distribution of bison in Yakutia and surrounding areas. Bison have adapted well to the region’s climate, which features long winters, short summers, and extremely low winter temperatures. Central Yakutia offers a broad ecological niche for bison, with shallow valley lands that have meadow and shrub vegetation. This environment supports the potential for successfully restoring the historical habitat of the Bison genus in Yakutia and nearby regions. To avoid inbreeding and preserve genetic diversity, it is crucial to regularly release animals into the wild and occasionally introduce new individuals from various parks in Canada.
The impact of surface metallization on multilayer carbon nanotubes regarding the operational characteristics of composite electric heaters utilized for anti-icing protection
Authors: Shchegolkov A. V. , Shchegolkov A. V.
Published: October 2024

The design of energy-efficient heating techniques is emerging as a crucial scientific and technical challenge, driven by the growing focus on the advancement of the northern regions of the country, particularly the Arctic. Research in Arctic materials science, which incorporates cutting-edge techniques from various interdisciplinary fields like nanotechnology and electrotechnology, could become a key area of study for the development of these northern regions. The development of an electric heating composite material that utilizes an organosilicon elastomer as the polymer matrix and metallized multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) serving as a conductive filler with enhanced resistance to icing enables an efficient electrothermal anti-icing system The paper presents the results of the study of an electric heater based on the wiring of an elastic composite with the effect of temperature self-regulation. For modification of the silicon-organic compound, metallized MWCNTs were used, which increased the sensitivity of heating elements to ice formation. When the ambient temperature decreases, the polymer composite has different values of electrophysical parameters, which create the effect of acceptable electrical heating concerning the ambient temperature. The research results have significant practical value, as the heating elements can have different compositions and can be operated at low temperatures. Heating elements can effectively adjust the heating mode to the ambient temperature conditions, saving electrical energy. The heating time required for the ice to melt is 210 seconds, and the dynamics of the current consumption value correlate with the ambient temperature, reflecting the effect of temperature self-regulation.
Studie om overlevende og pårørende etter Alexander L. Kielland-ulykken
Authors: Andreassen Anne Lie , Bækkelund Harald , Glad Kristin Alve , Nilsen Lisa Govasli , Stene Lise Eilin
Published: October 2024

Bakgrunn: Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS) har fått i oppdrag av Helsedirektoratet å fremskaffe kunnskap om hvilke konsekvenser manglende oppfølging, og ulykken i seg selv, har hatt for de berørtes fysiske og psykiske helse etter Alexander Kielland-ulykken. Prosjektet gjennomføres i nært samarbeid med Kielland-nettverket. Mål: Målsetningen med denne undersøkelsen var å fremskaffe og oppsummere kunnskap om konsekvensene Kielland-ulykken, og den manglende oppfølgingen, for de overlevende, etterlatte og pårørende sin helse, samt å lage en kunnskapsoppsummering om helsekonsekvenser for, og oppfølgning av, berørte etter skips- og industrikatastrofer. Metode: Vi har (1) gjennomført en systematisk gjennomgang av relevante empiriske studier på feltet, (2) utviklet og gjennomført en digital spørreundersøkelse med de berørte våren 2024, (3) invitert til og ledet fokusgrupper på tre regionale samlinger for de berørte, samt (4) systematisk lest og oppsummert intervjuer med de berørte i Minnebanken. Resultater og konklusjon: De berørte av Kielland-ulykken strever med uforholdsmessig mye helseplager og lavere livskvalitet, sammenlignet med den generelle befolkningen. Særlig blant de overlevende er det mange som har hatt det vanskelig og som fortsatt strever. Dette understreker de ekstreme belastningene de ble utsatt for. Samtidig vitner det om svikten de berørte opplevde, ved at de ikke fikk den oppfølgingen som situasjonen krevde. Det er umulig å presist anslå hva effekten av bedre oppfølging ville vært, men vi mener at det er faglig grunnlag for å si at det kunne ha vært betydningsfullt.
O PODCAST COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA EPTNM
Authors: Cavalcante Lacerda Junior José , Queiroz Lopes Filho Gilbert Kenendy , Ferreira Martins Paulo Ubiratã
Published: October 2024

A Divulgação Científica - DC como uma estratégia de aproximação entre a Ciência e a sociedade deve levar em consideração e a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e suas interações com as tecnologias digitais. Entende-se que a utilização de podcasts favorece um maior interesse dos jovens nessa interface. Dessa forma, a investigação apresentada, além de um levantamento teórico, utilizou-se da pesquisa-ação. Como resultado, observou-se que há o reconhecimento do podcast para a DC aliada a necessidade da utilização de uma linguagem atenta às condições contemporâneas, o que, no entanto, não representa uma confiabilidade plena em torno dos conteúdos do podcast.
Öğrencilerin Öz-Düzenleme Stratejileri, Motivasyonel İnançları ve İngilizceye Yönelik Tutumları ile İngilizce Akademik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Acar Aylin , Başbay Alper
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi öğrencilerinin öz- düzenleme stratejileri, motivasyonel inançları ile İngilizce’ye yönelik tutumlarının İngilizce akademik başarılarını anlamlı düzeyde yordayıp yordamadığını incelemektir. Bu araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmış ve Manisa ili Salihli ilçesinde yer alan dört faklı türde Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesinde tüm sınıf düzeylerinde öğrenim gören toplam 2858 öğrenci araştırma evrenini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada “Öğrenmeye İlişkin Motivasyonel Stratejiler Ölçeği” ve “İngilizce Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca İngilizce başarı göstergesi olarak okullardan izin alınarak bahar dönemi sonu ortalama puanları alınmıştır. Veri analizinde, ortalama, standart sapma, frekans dağılımları, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri, t-testi, varyans analizi (ANOVA), Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, İngilizce başarısını öz-düzenleme stratejileri, motivasyonel inançlar ve İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumun birlikte anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı saptanmıştır. Bu üç değişken birlikte İngilizce akademik başarısındaki varyansın %24,1’ini açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca İngilizce akademik başarıyı açıklamada sırayla en güçlü öz yeterlilik, sınav kaygısı, ilgi ve önem değişkenlerinin anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
THE USE OF THE CLIL METHOD IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Authors: Podoliak Mykhailo
Published: October 2024

Learning a foreign language in the modern world is an undeniably important component of training specialists in various branches of the economy. A specialist who speaks a foreign language should also know professional terminology in both languages for more efficient work. Thus, there is a need to learn a foreign language in the relevant professional field. Scientists have studied this problem and have developed and implemented a new method in foreign language learning ‒ CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning). The purpose of the research is to determine the concept and effectiveness of the CLIL method in forming the professional foreign language communicative competence of students of higher education institutions. The article defines CLIL based on research by many scientists. On this basis, a proper definition of this concept is proposed. It has been demonstrated that CLIL is a harmonious combination of teaching a foreign language and a professional subject by a teacher of a foreign language or a professional subject. It is shown that in order to use the CLIL method in a non-linguistic university, teachers must meet two essential criteria: knowledge of a foreign language at a level suitable for teaching and knowledge of a professional subject at the appropriate level for teaching. Preparation for implementing the CLIL method in HEIs is a very complex and time-consuming process. The importance of understanding the concept and working principles of this method by the teacher himself should be emphasized, as well as what needs to be done for this. In addition, cooperation between the teacher of a foreign language and a professional subject is essential. An experimental study was also conducted to determine the feedback of students regarding the use of the CLIL method in the process of learning a foreign language. The survey showed that all students were satisfied with the CLIL teaching method. The surveyed students emphasized the effectiveness of duplicating topics from professional subjects and a foreign language using the CLIL method and increasing motivation to study.
THE ESSENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE IN THE PERSONAL AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS
Authors: Berbets Vitalii , Kozhevnikov Ruslan
Published: October 2024

The article defines the essence of students’ research competence, characterizes its role in the formation of a teenager’s personality, which includes promoting the development of critical thinking, fostering the skills of independent learning and self-organization, and stimulating students’ creative activity by encouraging idea generation. It also ensures the development of social skills, such as cooperation, communication, and more. The main components of research competence are identified, namely: knowledge, abilities, and skills that ensure successful research and develop the capacity for independent, creative, and critical work with information. The importance of research competence is described, which lies in the development of creative and intellectual potential, subject-specific and general skills, as well as in stimulating students’ interest and motivation for learning activities. An analysis of the scientific contributions of scholars who, based on pedagogical theory and practice, demonstrate the importance of developing research competence in teenagers during the learning process is provided. We have demonstrated the importance of a favorable learning environment for the formation of students’ research competence, which includes interactive lessons, projects, experiments, pedagogical support, free access to educational resources, and more. The factors of successful research activity are also analyzed, and its influence on motivating teenagers to learn and develop is characterized, as it provides an opportunity to apply acquired knowledge in practice, making learning more meaningful and purposeful. The statement that the development of research competence is essential for the formation of a competent, creative, and independent citizen capable of adapting to the challenges of the modern world is substantiated.
PRESCHOOL TEACHERS PREPARATION FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Shumaieva Svitlana
Published: October 2024

Following the realization of the importance of early development and the low quality of early childhood education programs in the United States the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) were established to develop professional standards for special educators. It was found that the most important factor in providing education for children with special needs is well-trained teaching staff. Principles for ensuring the existence of high-quality programs for kindergartens began to be developed. A new concept of “Developmentally Appropriate Practice” was formed by The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE and seven standards for the professional training of early childhood teachers were proposed. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by the Congress in 1975. IDEA regulates how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and other services. The state has established grants to improve the quality of school education by attracting and retaining effective teachers. It was found that 7 million, or 14% of all public school received special education services. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing is revising the Special Education Standards for Children with Disabilities. The commission developed draft teaching, administration, and preparation program guidelines in collaboration with a technical advisory group of early childhood education professionals. It was clarified that there are additional internship programs in California, Completion of the internship program leads to a Certificate of Eligibility to Teach, which is identical to completion of a traditional teacher preparation program. It was concluded that the policy of the Department of Education, the educational laws of the United States are aimed at encouraging participation in formal and informal professional learning, but it should be a continuous process, because adults providing care and education are responsible for the progress of children throughout their lives.
THE RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW
Authors: Zasimovych Olena
Published: October 2024

In the context of the digitalisation of education and the full-scale invasion in recent years, when you can hear the familiar voice of a person living abroad from a mobile phone, find out news from messengers in a few clicks, when you can do your work from anywhere in the world, the question arises: how to effectively manage an institution if the participants of the educational process are located in different parts of the city, country, continent? A competitive head of an institution masters digital systems that will ensure both an effective educational process for the students and the management of the teaching staff.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Optimasi Rantai Pasok Kentang Di Kabupaten Manokwari Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Yati Fatimah Aszhara , Marini Lion Ferdinand , Suhendra Christian Dwi
Published: October 2024

Manajemen rantai pasok komoditas pertanian, khususnya hortikultura, memiliki peran penting dalam memastikan ketersediaan produk berkualitas dengan harga terjangkau. Di Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat, pengelolaan rantai pasok sayuran seperti kentang masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, termasuk infrastruktur yang terbatas dan manajemen rantai pasok yang kurang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rantai pasok kentang di Kabupaten Manokwari dengan menggunakan salah satu metode sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK), metode TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) yang merupakan salah satu metode sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan alternatif rantai pasok yang paling optimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para pelaku rantai pasok, seperti petani, pedagang, dan konsumen. Metode TOPSIS digunakan untuk merangking alternatif pemasok berdasarkan kriteria seperti kualitas, stok barang, dan harga jual. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa distributor dari luar kota Manokwari, khususnya dari Makassar, memiliki kinerja rantai pasok yang lebih optimal dibandingkan pemasok lokal. Kesimpulannya, metode TOPSIS terbukti efektif dalam memberikan rekomendasi dalam pemilihan distributor terbaik untuk komoditas kentang di Kabupaten Manokwari.
¿Existe relación entre el éxito del estudiantado en asignaturas de Matemáticas para ingeniería y la realización de actividades por ordenador en el proceso de evaluación continua?
Authors: Martín-Caraballo Ana M. , Tenorio-Villalón Ángel F.
Published: October 2024

Introducción: En las asignaturas de Matemáticas de cualquier grado en ingeniería, el estudiantado presenta carencias en sus niveles competenciales de Matemáticas básica (tanto conceptuales como procedimentales). Como objetivo, analizaremos si la realización por parte del estudiantado, con la supervisión del equipo docente, de actividades asistidas por ordenador durante el periodo de docencia presencial incide significativamente en su rendimiento académico y favorece la superación de estas asignaturas. Metodología: Tras seleccionar una muestra entre el estudiantado matriculado durante el segundo semestre del curso 2022/2023 en dos asignaturas de primer curso, hemos llevado a cabo el tratamiento estadístico de los datos para comparar la calificación final de cada asignatura con el aprovechamiento de cada estudiante en las actividades antes indicadas. Resultados: Observamos que el rendimiento académico del estudiantado se ve incluido significativamente y de manera positiva por la realización de actividades asistidas por ordenador y que cuenta con la supervisión del equipo docente, habiendo realizado este tipo de actividades más de la mitad del estudiantado que supera las asignaturas en la primera convocatoria. Conclusiones: El uso de actividades asistidas por ordenador (con software de cálculo computacional o geometria dinámica) es beneficioso para la formación del estudiantado en asignaturas de Matemáticas del ámbito de ingeniería.
Proyecto educativo alternativo El Pesta en Ecuador: acercamiento crítico al impacto en el desarrollo personal y profesional de su ex alumnado
Authors: Garagarza Cambra Aitor , Alonso Sáez Israel , Aguirregoitia-Güenechea Miren
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La educación alternativa es un movimiento centrado en la autonomía, participación y justicia social. Este estudio se enfoca en el impacto personal y profesional de los exalumnos/as del proyecto educativo El Pesta en Ecuador, fundado en 1977 por Rebeca y Mauricio Wild, que promovía una educación no directiva. Metodología: Se realizaron entrevistas y cuestionarios a 18 exalumnos/as, utilizando un análisis inductivo para desarrollar un sistema categorial flexible que explorara las percepciones de los participantes sobre su experiencia educativa en El Pesta. Resultados: Los exalumnos/as describen su paso por El Pesta como una experiencia que promovió la libertad, el juego y la autonomía. También se identificaron aspectos críticos que invitan a repensar este tipo de proyectos educativos. Discusión: El estudio revela una fuerte identidad colectiva entre los exalumnos/as y una influencia duradera del proyecto en sus vidas personales y profesionales. Se discuten los retos y áreas de mejora para que los proyectos de educación alternativa promuevan una mayor justicia social y equidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados subrayan las contribuciones de El Pesta a la educación de calidad, pero también destacan cuestiones pendientes para que estos proyectos puedan desarrollarse plenamente bajo criterios de justicia social.
MoPI.IA: explorando la utilidad de la IA generativa para la ideación de proyectos de tesis
Authors: Casado Márquez Edilberto
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El "Modelo Personal para la Investigación" (MoPI) es una herramienta metodológica creada en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) para apoyar a los estudiantes en la elaboración de propuestas de tesis. En 2023, se lanzó el proyecto MoPI.IA para integrar IA generativa (IAG) en la metodología MoPI, con el objetivo de mejorar la ideación de temas de investigación. Metodología:En esta primera fase del proyecto, se utilizó ChatGPT 3.5 aplicando técnicas de ingeniería de prompts. Las respuestas generadas por el chatbot fueron evaluadas en cuanto a su pertinencia, consistencia y valor práctico. Resultados:La exploración inicial demostró que MoPI.IA tiene beneficios significativos, especialmente para estudiantes que enfrentan dificultades al generar ideas para sus tesis. La incorporación de chatbots mostró un gran potencial en este proceso. Discusión:Aunque MoPI.IA demostró ser útil en la ideación de temas de investigación, se identificaron áreas de mejora en las técnicas de ingeniería de prompts y en la selección de chatbots. Conclusiones: La investigación futura evaluará otros chatbots y técnicas adicionales para mejorar aún más la metodología MoPI, con el objetivo de seguir innovando en el apoyo a los estudiantes en la formulación de proyectos de tesis.
Simulador con visión computacional para detección, seguimiento y cálculo de distancia de objetos en movimiento
Authors: Valderrama García Leonardo
Published: October 2024

Introducción: En el marco de una investigación sobre sistemas de visión computacional para prevenir colisiones en motocicletas, se ha desarrollado un simulador digital que evalúa escenarios de tráfico relevantes. Metodología: El simulador analiza secuencias de video sintéticas de diversos entornos de tráfico mediante modelos de visión computacional. Utiliza el algoritmo YOLO, conocido por su velocidad y precisión en la detección de objetos, para identificar, clasificar y rastrear vehículos, peatones y otros objetos móviles. Resultados: El sistema es capaz de estimar la distancia euclidiana y proyectar la trayectoria de los elementos desde la perspectiva del piloto, replicando lo que captaría un sistema de visión en una motocicleta real. La adaptabilidad de YOLO permite su uso en múltiples contextos sin necesidad de reentrenamiento intensivo. Discusión: El simulador ofrece un ambiente controlado para evaluar el rendimiento de los algoritmos de detección de colisiones en escenarios críticos, permitiendo pruebas repetibles sin riesgos reales. Conclusiones: Este simulador facilita la validación de algoritmos de prevención de colisiones, proporcionando un entorno seguro y eficiente para probar su desempeño en situaciones de tráfico críticas.
Dinámicas misóginas en los comentarios del Diario Marca a raíz del movimiento #SeAcabó
Authors: Monroy Trujillo Alberto
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El movimiento feminista #SeAcabó encabezado por Jennifer Hermoso tras su incidente con el entonces presidente de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol, encontró resistencia entre la manosfera. El objetivo de este artículo es el de analizar esta resistencia dentro de la sección de comentarios del Diario Marca. Metodología: El período de estudio es el primer mes desde el incidente, para el que se extrajeron todos los comentarios de las noticias con las herramientas de MyNews y Python. Con la herramienta Sketch Engine, se seleccionaron 12 palabras representativas de las 50 más repetidas en el corpus. Para el análisis, se empleó un análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: Los resultados reflejaron una importante cantidad de comentarios misóginos y sexistas en contra de las jugadoras de la Selección Femenina de Fútbol Española. Discusión: El estudio de comentarios en Marca reveló comentarios antifeministas y misóginos, atacando la integridad y derechos de las mujeres. Hubo una tendencia a victimizar a los hombres y minimizar la importancia del incidente. La principal implicación es la posible regresión en los derechos de las mujeres. Conclusiones: El análisis de comentarios en Marca reveló victimización masculina, masculinismo y misoginia que deberá ser monitorizada para evaluar su evolución temporal.
The Control of Flexural Cracks in the Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams for Kabul City s Exposure Condition
Authors: Arifullah Haddad , Zabihullah Dalil Shinwari
Published: October 2024

For a concrete structure to be serviceable crack width must be controlled and must not exceed the limited values for a specific exposure condition. Cracking in the concrete is the
a most challenging issue for engineers since it reduces the overall strength of the structure, damages the aesthetics of the concrete, and causes corrosion in steel bars. The current study addresses the effects of flexural cracks on the serviceability of concrete structures and the control of cracks in the design of reinforced concrete beams. The study also aims to outline the importance of the control of flexural cracks, their major consequences, and the magnitude of cracking in reinforced concrete beams. A reinforced concrete beam model is designed and described for predicting the flexural cracks through numerical analysis and remarking its parameters, such as steel bars diameters, concrete covers, and steel bars arrangements that affect the size of flexural cracks in the tensile zone of concrete members. A total of 14 specimens are used to measure the range of crack widths for various scenarios based on which the significant variables affecting crack width are identified. The study concludes that the consideration for crack control in the design of reinforced concrete beams is essential. Hence, structural engineers should take extreme measures to ensure safety and serviceability when designing the structure by taking the crack-limit state into account.
Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Beams, Flexural Cracks, Serviceability, Steel Bars’ Arrangement, Concrete Cover.
A Comprehensive Review of Noise Pollution and its Impact on the Urban Environment
Authors: Shirzad Wafiullah , Mohammad Mukhlis Behsoodi , Samiullah Samir , Samsoor Pasarlay
Published: October 2024

Noise pollution is a significant danger to urban life, affecting living and non-living things. It is becoming a more pervasive and unrecognized kind of environmental degradation, and after air and water pollution, it ranks as the third riskiest form of pollution. It is characterized as any sound pressure level of more than 55 dB, and prolonged exposure is bad for human health. Humans are mostly responsible for modifying the acoustic backdrop of the planet, and to reduce noise by 3 to 6 dB (A), noise barriers can be used. The primary cause of noise pollution, particularly in cities, is the rise in the number of automobiles, excessive honking, and traffic congestion. Traffic noise is a result of vehicle movement on roadways, and numerous elements affect how loudly vehicles emit noise. Additionally, other kinds of noise pollution, such as industrial noise pollution and neighborhood noise pollution, can also have harmful effects on human health. The steps to reduce noise pollution include maintaining vehicles and roads, planting trees, using silencers for generators, controlling traffic movements, raising public awareness, and so on. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of noise pollution and its effects on the urban environment. By understanding the sources, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies, policymakers, urban planners, and the public can take informed actions to reduce noise pollution and create more livable cities.
Keywords: Noise Pollution, Urban Environment, Traffic Noise, Noise Effects, Noise Mitigation, dB (decibel)
Humanitarian Aid Management Information System for Afghanistan
Authors: Haleem Muhammad , Khan Walayat
Published: October 2024

The progression of database technology laid the foundation for the automation of manual
data handling systems by transformation to MIS - Management Information System.
Well-organized MIS is a data-driven tool and a key dimension for quality data. The
humanitarian aid management information system is a useful asset for developed
countries that helps reshape their citizens' lives in a post-disaster. In the context of
Afghanistan, currently, the aid distribution records are handled with a manual and
traditional file processing system that is vulnerable to various concerned issues of data
duplication, security, consistency, integrity and concurrency. To respond to the
transparency factor of the aid distribution process, it is necessary to track all the relevant
information on the aid items such as quantity, accuracy, reliability and availability. Some
other focal points are the prevention of redundancy and fraud in this process. These issues
if not handled then it affects the overall aid distribution process in terms of management
and transparency. This article aims to respond to the issues of current practices of the
aid distribution process in Afghanistan. Aid distribution MIS as the output of this
research spans to cover an umbrella of milestones. These include the supply chain,
inventory, security, consistency, visualization, user management, concurrency, data
encryption, and scalability. It is worth mentioning that this work is in response to the
request of the office of the deputy prime minister of Afghanistan.
The Right to Self-Defense in Fiqh and Penal Code of Afghanistan
Authors: Waseel Abdul Iqrar , Ali Rezayee Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

در طول تاریخ انسانها در مقابل اعامل غیر عادالنه و غیرمرشوع رس فرود نیاورده و دفاع در
برابر چنین اعامل را جزو حقوق طبیعی خود میدانند .روابط انسانی و اجتامعی ایجاب
میکند که افراد در مقابل تعرض و تجاوز ناعادالنه دیگران ساکت منانند، رشیعت اسالمی
و قانون نیز کسانی را که با در نظر داشت رشایط ترصیح شده در قانون و رشیعت از خود
دفاع منایند، مجازات نخواهد کرد .موضوع مهم که نیازبه ارائه پاسخ دارد آیا میان فقه و کود
جزای افغانستان راجع به دفاع مرشوع تفاوت وجود دارد یا خیر؟ قابل ذکر است تفاوت دفاع
مرشوع در قانون و رشیعت اسالمی اینست که در رشیعت اسالمی دفاع مرشوع را بر دو نوع
تقسیم منوده اند، دفاع مرشوع به معنای خاص که اصطالحا دفع مهاجم نامیده میشود، نوع
دفاع با دفاع مرشوع پیشبینی شده در قوانین وضعی مطابقت دارد و نوع دوم دفاع مرشوع به
معنای عامکه اصطالحا امربه معروف و نهی ازمنکرنامدارد .البته دراین مقاله دفاع مرشوع
به مفهوم خاص مورد بحث قرار گرفته است .دفاع مرشوع در رشیعت اسالمی و قوانین
وضعی کشورهای اسالمی و غیر اسالمی مورد تائید و حامیت قرار گرفته است .فقها
متفقالقول اند که اعامل ارتکابی در مقام دفاع مباح هستند .در حالت دفاع مرشوع نه تنها
شخص مدافع مورد مجازات قرار منیگیرد بلکه از مسئولیت مدنی و پرداخت جربان خساره
.نیز معاف دانسته میشود
Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III promotors in norm and pathology
Authors: Schwartz A. M. , Tatosyan K. A. , Stasenko D. V. , Kramerov D. A.
Published: October 2024

RNA polymerase III synthesizes a wide range of non-coding RNAs shorter than 400 nucleotides in length. These RNAs are involved in protein synthesis (tRNA, 5S rRNA, and 7SL RNA), maturation and splicing of different types of RNA (RPR, MRP RNA, and U6 snRNA), regulation of transcription (7SK RNA), replication (Y RNA), and intracellular transport (vault RNA). BC200 and BC1 RNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III in neurons only where these RNAs regulate protein synthesis. Mutations in the regulatory elements of the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III as well as in transcription factors of this RNA polymerase are associated with the development of a number of diseases, primarily oncological and neurological. In this regard, the mechanisms of regulation of the expression of the genes containing various RNA polymerase III promoters were actively studied. This review describes the structural and functional classification of polymerase III promoters, as well as the factors involved in the regulation of promoters of different types. A number of examples demonstrate the role of the described factors in the pathogenesis of human diseases.