bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do we construct the Actor-Reality Perspective (ARP)?
Authors: Ancelin-Bourguignon Annick
Published: June 2021

The communications presented in Pisa last year variously referred to the perspective which is the focus of the research group. Some of them used it as a global and loose perspective emphasizing the role of actors in constructing their own reality (ARP). Others relied on the Actor-Reality Construction (ARC) model, which investigates this construction in depth. Namely the ARC model postulates that the success of activities operating in a social context depends on the integration of four actor-constructed elements: facts, possibilities, values and communication (Nørreklit, 2011).
Prévenir les violences sexuelles en milieu autochtone : Retour sur la formation au Programme Lanterne|Awacic
Authors: Attard Virginie , Dion Jacinthe , Bergeron-Leclerc Christiane , Tremblay Vincent , Hébert Martine , De La Sablonnière-Griffin Mireille
Published: June 2021

Objectifs : La violence sexuelle demeure un problème sociétal touchant tous les groupes sociaux comme les enfants. En ce sens, cette étude évalue un programme de formation à la prévention de la violence sexuelle chez les tout-petits en communautés autochtones. L’étude vise à documenter les effets de la formation au Programme Lanterne|Awacic ainsi qu’à identifier les barrières et les leviers propres à ce type de formation.Méthode : Menée auprès de 42 intervenants, cette étude évaluative de nature mixte a privilégié l’utilisation de trois types de collecte de données : le questionnaire, l’entrevue et le groupe de discussion.Résultats : Des effets positifs de la formation ont été observés à très court terme (p. ex., augmentation des connaissances et des croyances). Les résultats sont plus mitigés quant à son effet sur l’utilisation des outils à moyen terme (p. ex., faible utilisation des outils). Les résultats mettent également en exergue l’importance du processus de sécurisation culturelle dans les projets menés dans les communautés autochtones, la nécessité d’impliquer la population locale dans le projet et l’appréciation des participants face à la formation au Programme Lanterne|Awacic.Implications : La formation permet d’outiller les professionnels oeuvrant auprès des enfants d’âge préscolaire à intervenir en matière de prévention de la violence sexuelle. Les résultats suggèrent néanmoins qu’un rappel de la formation aurait permis de maintenir les effets à plus long terme. En somme, les résultats indiquent la pertinence de poursuivre les efforts de prévention dans les communautés autochtones.
Comment soutenir la résilience des jeunes en transition vers l'âge adulte qui ont un parent atteint d'un trouble mental ? Ce qu'en pensent les jeunes concernés
Authors: Villatte Aude , Piché Geneviève , Habib Rima
Published: June 2021

Objectifs : Cette étude visait à : a) préciser le vécu des Jeunes ayant un Parent atteint d’un Trouble Mental (JPTM) au cours de leur transition vers l’âge adulte, en mettant en évidence tant les défis qu’ils rencontrent que les facteurs de protection leur permettant de composer avec ces défis; b) identifier des pistes de solution à envisager pour soutenir la résilience des JPTM transitant vers l’âge adulte.Méthode : Les données ont été recueillies au cours d’ateliers Photovoice menés auprès de neuf participants (âge moyen : 22,5 ans). Cinq rencontres de deux heures ont permis à ces jeunes d’échanger autour de photographies au cours du printemps 2019. L’analyse de contenu des données retranscrites a été réalisée en collaboration avec les participants.Résultats : Le fait d'avoir un parent atteint d’un trouble mental apporte son lot de défis lors de la transition vers l’âge adulte, en influençant notamment la prise d’autonomie, la construction identitaire et le parcours académique ou professionnel des jeunes. Un certain nombre de ressources individuelles, relationnelles et contextuelles sont identifiées, par les jeunes eux-mêmes, comme des facteurs leur permettant de composer avec ces défis. Des pistes de solutions impliquant différents milieux (scolaire, communautaire, santé et services sociaux) sont proposées pour soutenir la transition vers l’âge adulte des JPTM.Implications : Des recommandations pratiques sont formulées sur la base des pistes de solutions proposées par les jeunes et des meilleures pratiques recensées dans la littérature.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of premature patients in the ambulatory of pediatric ophthalmology of a university health service
Authors: Hino Fabio Naoki , D’Amico Filho Vitório Lauro , Agena Jéssica , Duque Wesley de Paula , Lima Vagner Loduca
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina that affects low birth weight preterm babies and is the leading cause of blindness in children in developed and developing countries. Objective: Considering the importance of evaluating the pathology, this study aimed to carry out an epidemiological analysis of premature patients referred to the Pediatric Ophthalmology sector of Centro Universitário FMABC. Methods: Retrospective study of the medical records of patients referred to the Pediatric Ophthalmology sector of Centro Universitário FMABC, from March 2017 to December 2017, for ophthalmological evaluation due to suspected ROP (59 medical records). Results: Of the total of 43 eyes with the disease, two eyes fit in Zone II and 41 in Zone III. Seventeen eyes were classified as Stage 1, 16 as Stage 2, 4 as Stage 3, 4 as Stage 4 and 2 as Stage 5. Conclusion: The development of ROP was inversely proportional to weight and gestational age at birth. Treatment proved to be less prevalent in the disease.
Tumor stiffening reversion through collagen crosslinking inhibition improves T cell migration and anti-PD-1 treatment
Authors: Nicolas-Boluda Alba , Vaquero Javier , Vimeux Lene , Guilbert Thomas , Barrin Sarah , Kantari-Mimoun Chahrazade , Ponzo Matteo , Renault Gilles , Deptula Piotr , Pogoda Katarzyna , Bucki Robert , Cascone Ilaria , Courty José , Fouassier Laura , Gazeau Florence , Donnadieu Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

Only a fraction of cancer patients benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors. This may be partly due to the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms a barrier for T cells. Comparing five preclinical mouse tumor models with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments, we aimed to relate the rate of tumor stiffening with the remodeling of ECM architecture and to determine how these features affect intratumoral T cell migration. An ECM-targeted strategy, based on the inhibition of lysyl oxidase, was used. In vivo stiffness measurements were found to be strongly correlated with tumor growth and ECM crosslinking but negatively correlated with T cell migration. Interfering with collagen stabilization reduces ECM content and tumor stiffness leading to improved T cell migration and increased efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade. This study highlights the rationale of mechanical characterizations in solid tumors to understand resistance to immunotherapy and of combining treatment strategies targeting the ECM with anti-PD-1 therapy.
HP1α is a chromatin crosslinker that controls nuclear and mitotic chromosome mechanics
Authors: Strom Amy R , Biggs Ronald J , Banigan Edward J , Wang Xiaotao , Chiu Katherine , Herman Cameron , Collado Jimena , Yue Feng , Ritland Politz Joan C , Tait Leah J , Scalzo David , Telling Agnes , Groudine Mark , Brangwynne Clifford P , Marko John F , Stephens Andrew D
Published: June 2021

Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, contains genetic information and is a mechanical component of the nucleus. Heterochromatic histone methylation controls nucleus and chromosome stiffness, but the contribution of heterochromatin protein HP1α (CBX5) is unknown. We used a novel HP1α auxin-inducible degron human cell line to rapidly degrade HP1α. Degradation did not alter transcription, local chromatin compaction, or histone methylation, but did decrease chromatin stiffness. Single-nucleus micromanipulation reveals that HP1α is essential to chromatin-based mechanics and maintains nuclear morphology, separate from histone methylation. Further experiments with dimerization-deficient HP1αI165E indicate that chromatin crosslinking via HP1α dimerization is critical, while polymer simulations demonstrate the importance of chromatin-chromatin crosslinkers in mechanics. In mitotic chromosomes, HP1α similarly bolsters stiffness while aiding in mitotic alignment and faithful segregation. HP1α is therefore a critical chromatin-crosslinking protein that provides mechanical strength to chromosomes and the nucleus throughout the cell cycle and supports cellular functions.
Contrast optimization of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data visualization by threshold intensity quantization (TrIQ)
Authors: Rosas-Román Ignacio , Winkler Robert
Published: June 2021

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the unbiased characterization of surfaces with respect to their chemical composition. In biological MSI, zones with differential mass profiles hint towards localized physiological processes, such as the tissue-specific accumulation of secondary metabolites, or diseases, such as cancer. Thus, the efficient discovery of ‘regions of interest’ (ROI) is of utmost importance in MSI. However, often the discovery of ROIs is hampered by high background noise and artifact signals. Especially in ambient ionization MSI, unmasking biologically relevant information from crude data sets is challenging. Therefore, we implemented a Threshold Intensity Quantization (TrIQ) algorithm for augmenting the contrast in MSI data visualizations. The simple algorithm reduces the impact of extreme values (‘outliers’) and rescales the dynamic range of mass signals. We provide an R script for post-processing MSI data in the imzML community format (https://bitbucket.org/lababi/msi.r) and implemented the TrIQ in our open-source imaging software RmsiGUI (https://bitbucket.org/lababi/rmsigui/). Applying these programs to different biological MSI data sets demonstrated the universal applicability of TrIQ for improving the contrast in the MSI data visualization. We show that TrIQ improves a subsequent detection of ROIs by sectioning. In addition, the adjustment of the dynamic signal intensity range makes MSI data sets comparable.
Sunburns among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru: frequency and factors associated
Authors: Fernandez-Quiroz Eliana L. , Gonzales-Chachapoyas Lizeth , Alcantara-Diaz Ana L. , Bulnes-Villalta Binz , Ayala-Porras Zulmy , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has increased skin cancer incidence and the risk of sunburns, especially during the summer months.

Objective

Identify the frequency and factors associated with sunburns in a sample of beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis of a previous study that assessed the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers. We included adults between 18 and 59 years who went to a beach in northern Peru during summer (March 2018). Three generalized linear models of the Poisson family were constructed to evaluate the factors associated with having had at least one sunburn last summer. All regression models reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

Of a total of 402 participants, 225 (56.0%) had one to five sunburns and 25 (6.2%) had six or more. Beachgoers who were 1–15 days (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05–1.27]) or more than 15 days (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI [1.09–1.36]) exposed to the sun on the beach had a higher frequency of at least one sunburn. The non-regular wearing of a hat or cap also increased the frequency of sunburns (aPR: 1.06, 95% CI [1.01–1.12]). In contrast, those who had Skin Phototype III (aPR: 0.94, 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) or IV (aPR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.63–0.75]) had a lower frequency of sunburns.

Conclusion

Three out of five beachgoers had one or more sunburns in the last summer. The factors associated with a higher frequency were the time of sun exposure at the beach and the non-regular use of a hat or cap. Type III–IV skin phototypes were associated with a lower sunburn frequency.
Haemorrhagic Retinopathy Associated with Zieve Syndrome
Authors: Sabah Sadafnaz , Waris Abdul , Reza Mohd Rameez , Rizvi Syed Asghar
Published: June 2021

Zieve syndrome, a scarcely reported case is a triad of jaundice, haemolytic anaemia and hyperlipidaemia that develops secondary to alcohol-induced liver injury. Herein, a case of 23-year-old young male with history of steatohepatitis is reported who presented with diminution of vision in both eyes. On fundoscopy, there were extensive retinal haemorrhages involving fovea. Workup was consistent with haemolytic anaemia with no source of active bleeding. The patient was managed with supportive treatment. No specific ocular treatment was given. However, the vision gradually improved during follow-up. A rare association of zieve syndrome with haemorrhagic retinopathy is described here. Moreover, zieve syndrome has been described in the literature, mostly in non-English language case studies and is still under-recognised and under-reported. Diagnosis should be made quickly to avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic interventions.
Hereditary Bisalbuminemia in Sjögren’s Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ugurlu Serdal , Egeli Bugra Han , Bolayirli Ibrahim Murat
Published: June 2021

Bisalbuminemia is rare finding of bifid albumin bands in serum electrophoresis. The protein abnormality can be sporadic and inherited. So far, this albumin variant was not found to cause or coexist with a specific pathology. This is a case of bisalbuminemia in 43-year-old female patient with a past medical history of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS). Similar electrophoresis findings were seen in two siblings of the patient. Rheumatology focused work-up of the family was negative. We could not find an association between this blood protein variant and the patient’s rheumatologic condition. Bisalbuminemia should not be a concern to the rheumatologist as it does not hint towards pathology.
In Silico Evaluation of the Structural Dynamics Beta-Amylase from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Obe David Akintayo , Fatoki Toluwase Hezekiah
Published: June 2021

Background: Sweet potato tubers are invaluable crop that could serve both dietary and industrial purposes owing to its high β-amylase content. β-amylases play essential role in plant carbohydrate metabolism as well as in many industrial applications such as the malting process in the brewing and distilling industries.

Aim: This study aims at better understanding of the evolutionary and molecular properties, and structural dynamics of β-amylase of sweet potato using in silico approach.

Methodology: 16 of the 250 sequences that are at least 69% identity to the query sequence (P10537) were manually selected from UniProt database for further analysis.

Result: It has theoretical isoelectric point of 4.97 and molecular weight of 56 kDa. The root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) of sweet potato β-amylase showed possible conservation of the amino acid residues 105-130 and 260-345, with highest fluctuation in C-terminal loop (residues 443-498). The catalytic role of Glu187 and Thr344 in β-amylase of sweet potato has been elucidated, and it provided the missing link in the previously available mechanisms, while Cys96 is essential for the inactivation of enzyme activity.

Conclusion: Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of expression and catalytic activity, together with the understanding of physicochemical properties of β-amylase from sweet potato will help in development of useful applications that are of industrial importance.
Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat as Influenced by Foliar Sprays of Cattle Urine and Nitrogen
Authors: Khatate S. V. , Patil A. V. , Jadhav A. B. , Phalke D. H. , Pachpute S.T.
Published: June 2021

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of levels of nitrogen and foliar sprays of cattle urine on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of wheat in Inceptisol at Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry and Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Pune during Rabi (November) 2018. The experiment was conducted with three levels of nitrogen (0, 75 and 100%) through urea and five levels of cattle urine spray (CUS) (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) (20, 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)) replicated thrice in Factorial Completely Randomized Design.

Application of 75% N through urea recorded higher plant height, number of tillers, number of functional leaves, leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content. However, application of 7.5% cattle urine foliar sprays (at 20, 40, 60 DAS) recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers, number of functional leaves, leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content. Further, similar both the treatments recorded significantly higher spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight of wheat. Interaction effect of 75% N through urea along with 7.5% cattle urine foliar sprays (at 20, 40, 60 DAS) recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers, number of functional leaves, leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content at 30, 50 and 70 DAS of wheat. Significant interaction effect with similar treatment were also recorded significant results for spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight of wheat.

Application of 75% N through urea recorded significantly higher grain (80.03 g pot-1) and straw (100.00 g pot-1) yield of wheat. While foliar spray of cattle urine @ 5% recorded significantly higher grain (72.06 g pot-1) and straw (92.41 g pot-1) yield of wheat. Significant interaction effect among combine application of 75% N through urea along with foliar spray of cattle urine @ 7.5% taken at 20, 40 and 60 DAS reported significantly higher grain (87.67 g pot-1) and straw (114.50 g pot-1) yield of wheat.

Nitrogen (3.08 gm pot-1), phosphorus (1.12 gm pot-1) and potassium (3.72 gm pot-1) uptake by wheat was found significantly higher with the application of 75% N through urea than 100% N application. While three foliar spray of cattle urine @7.5% taken at 20, 40 and 60 DAS recorded significantly nitrogen (3.15 gm pot-1), phosphorus (1.09 gm pot-1) and potassium (3.54 gm pot-1) uptake by wheat. But interaction effect for combined application was found non significant for the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
In-Hospital Outcome of Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Did Not Receive Reperfusion Therapy at Our Institute
Authors: Memon Shahid Hussain , Shah Ghulam Fareed , Brohi Gul Hassan , Memon Abdul Ghaffar , Kumar Jagdesh , Ali Anwar
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine the in-hospital outcome of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who did not receive reperfusion therapy at our institute.

Methodology: Cohort of patients recruited from Emergency Department of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad affiliated with Liaquat University of Medical & Health sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan from August 2nd, 2019 to 1st July 2020. All the patients who were diagnosed as a case of acute STEMI belongs to any age group of either gender and who did not receive reperfusion therapy either percutaneous or pharmacological therapy due to any cause were included in our study to assess their in-hospital outcome.

Results: Total of 106 patients were enrolled having mean age and SD of 51.09 ± 13.50 years in which 67.92% were males. Significantly higher proportion of patients who did not receive reperfusion therapy died during hospitalization (27.35%, N = 29). The most common risk factors associated with higher mortality rates were increasing age, increased mean duration of hospitalization from the onset of chest pain, raised RBS, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, p <0.001.

Conclusion: Almost one third of patients with acute STEMI who did not receive reperfusion therapy were died during hospitalization. Among those, unfortunately the higher mortality was observed having modifiable risk factors.
Severity of Maternal Anemia and Feto-Maternal Outcome at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Junejo Raheela Rani , Memon Nousheen , Memon Nazia , Shaikh Ali Faraz , Dars Abdul Ghaffar
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the severity of anemia among pregnant women and its impact on feto-maternal outcome at tertiary care Hospital.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; conducted at gynae department of LUMHS; during 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. Women with age >15 years, visited antenatal clinic and admitted for delivery and those who were admitted through emergency with labour pain and either of parity were included. A 3 ml fresh blood sample was taken from each woman and was sent immediately to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory for the assessment of haemoglobin level. Mothers having haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, were considered as anemic. All the information regarding feto-maternal outcome, in terms of maternal and fetal complications including prolonged Hospital stays mortality were documented via self-made study proforma. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Total 150 pregnant women were enrolled. Maternal mean age was 26.83+4.13 years and mean gestational age was 35.96+2.61 weeks. Most of the women utilized an unsatisfactory diet. Out of all, 83(55.3%) women underwent C-sections and 67(44.7%) underwent normal vaginal deliveries. majority of the women 90(60.0%) underwent blood transfusion. Maternal anemia was highly prevalent (90.7%). Moderate anemia was most common in 64(42.7%) women, followed by mild anemia among 39(26.0%) women, and 33(22.0%) women were severely anemic, while only 14(09.3%) were found with normal haemoglobin level. According to maternal and fetal outcomes, 02.7% women had acute kidney injury, 02.0% had blood transfusion reaction, pre-eclampsia was seen in 06.0% women, 04.7% women were admitted in ICU and mortality rate was 04.7%. Pre-term birth rate was 35.3%, ABG was seen in 26.7% of the cases, early neonatal death rate was 02.0%, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was 02.7% and intrauterine death was 15.3%.

Conclusions: Severity of anemia observed to be highly prevalent in our population and found to be associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes.
Attitude and Practices Regarding Use of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) in the Treatment of Hepatitis C among Health Care Practitioners “A Survey-based Study”
Authors: Saifullah Nadia , Zehra Dabeeran , Wasim Ambreen , Saifullah Samia , Zafar Urooj , Ali Akhtar
Published: June 2021

Approximately 3% of the world population has been known to be infected with HCV. Hepatitis C virus is a major etiological factor behind the development of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferon-based therapy has remained as the mainstay treatment for HCV for decades. Owing to the unavoidable side effects of interferon, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved recently for the treatment of HCV-infected patient. These drugs have brought revolution in the management of HCV because of their favorable side effects profiles and enhanced rates of sustained virological response. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey study to assess the knowledge and current practices among specialists and senior post graduate trainees regarding treatment of HCV with DAAs. The questionnaire was based on latest WHO guidelines for treating HCV. The results obtained were collected and tabulated. Majority (95%) of physicians were between the age of 21-30 years and mostly (69.6%) were females. Almost three fourth of the practitioners were aware of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and 70.2% agreed that they reduce the duration of treatment along with low bill burden along with lesser side effects. In this study, we could see that the participants’ knowledge and practices regarding use of DAAs, preference over interferon therapy and recommended combinations for different age groups was appreciable, however there is still a gap of knowledge among doctors regarding treatment of HCV with DAAs which needs to be filled with the help of proper health educational programs and training.
Effects of Health Education Program and Improving Self-care among Vietnamese Adult Patients with Chronic Heart Failure in Nam Dinh Province Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Ngo Huy , Nhung Pham Thi Hong
Published: June 2021

This study aimed toimprove the knowledge and practice of self-care among Vietnamese adult patients with chronic heart failure in Nam Dinh province Vietnam. The one group pre-test and post-test educational intervention was conducted among 90patients with chronic heart failurein Nam Dinh General Hospital. The education programme based on the guidelines for self-care of heart failure by Vietnam National Heart Association 2015 and by American Heart Association2014. The evaluation knowledge and practice before and after based on the Atlanta Heart Failure Knowledge Testand the Self-care of Heart Failure Index. By the scale of 22 points for self-care knowledge, the mean score of participated patients before the intervention was 10.41 ± 3.54, then went up to 19.38 ± 2.16 points right after completing the intervention and retained at 17.92 ± 2.52 points at the time of one month later (p values of 0.001).By the scale of 100 points for each field of self-care practice,the mean scores of participated patientsbefore the intervention were limited in three fields of practicewith41.52 ± 20.51 points for self-care maintenance, 35.56 ± 15.21 points for self-care management, and 50.45 ± 16.11 for self-care self-confidence, thenpositive changes in comparison with these three fields before the interventionwere seen after completing the interventionone month,including 53.90 ± 20.03 points, 52.96 ± 15.08 points, and 59.31 ± 14.68, respectively(p values of 0.001).The study revealed a reality of limited self-care knowledge and practice among Vietnamese adult patients with chronic heart failure before the intervention and showed the initial positive results in improvingboth knowledge and practice of patients with chronic heart failure through the patient educationwhich helping themto do self-caring theirconditionand needs to be implemented regularly.
Mechanochemical Reactivity of Bottlebrush and Dendronized Polymers: Solid vs. Solution States
Authors: Noh Jinkyung , Peterson Gregory I. , Choi Tae‐Lim
Published: June 2021

We explored the mechanochemical degradation of bottlebrush and dendronized polymers in solution (with ultrasonication, US) and solid states (with ball‐mill grinding, BMG). Over 50 polymers were prepared with varying backbone length and arm architecture, composition, and size. With US, we found that bottlebrush and dendronized polymers exhibited consistent backbone scission behavior, which was related to their elongated conformations in solution. Considerably different behavior was observed with BMG, as arm architecture and composition had a significant impact on backbone scission rates. Arm scission was also observed for bottlebrush polymers in both solution and solid states, but only in the solid state for dendronized polymers. Motivated by these results, multi‐mechanophore polymers with bottlebrush and dendronized polymer architectures were prepared and their reactivity was compared. Although dendronized polymers showed slower arm‐scission, the selectivity for mechanophore activation was much higher. Overall, these results have important implications to the development of new mechanoresponsive materials.
Intraskeletal consistency in patterns of vascularity within bat limb bones
Authors: Andronowski Janna M. , Cole Mary E. , Hieronymus Tobin L. , Davis Reed A. , Usher Logan R. , Cooper Lisa Noelle
Published: June 2021

Bats are the only mammals to have achieved powered flight. A key innovation allowing for bats to conquer the skies was a forelimb modified into a flexible wing. The wing bones of bats are exceptionally long and dynamically bend with wingbeats. Bone microarchitectural features supporting these novel performance attributes are still largely unknown. The humeri and femora of bats are typically avascular, except for large‐bodied taxa (e.g., pteropodid flying foxes). No thorough investigation of vascular canal regionalization and morphology has been undertaken as historically it has been difficult to reconstruct the 3D architecture of these canals. This study augments our understanding of the vascular networks supporting the bone matrix of a sample of bats (n = 24) of variable body mass, representing three families (Pteropodidae [large‐bodied, species = 6], Phyllostomidae [medium‐bodied, species = 2], and Molossidae [medium‐bodied, species = 1]). We employed Synchrotron Radiation‐based micro‐Computed Tomography (SRμCT) to allow for a detailed comparison of canal morphology within humeri and femora. Results indicate that across selected bats, canal number per unit volume is similar independent of body size. Differences in canal morphometry based on body size and bone type appear primarily related to a broader distribution of the canal network as cortical volume increases. Heavier bats display a relatively rich vascular network of mostly longitudinally‐oriented canals that are localized mainly to the mid‐cortical and endosteal bone envelopes. Taken together, our results suggest that relative vascularity of the limb bones of heavier bats forms support for nutrient exchange in a regional pattern.
A novel class for carbonic anhydrases inhibitors and evaluation of their non‐zinc binding
Authors: Kuzu Burak , Tan Meltem , Gülçin İlhami , Menges Nurettin
Published: June 2021

In this study, 23 different imidazole derivatives were synthesized, and the inhibitory properties of these derivatives against carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes were investigated for the first time. The inhibition concentrations of the imidazole derivatives were found to be in the range of 2.89–115.5 nM. Docking studies examined the binding properties of the imidazole derivatives, and the structure–activity relationship is discussed. Theoretical calculations showed that the binding mode of the imidazole ring was non‐zinc binding.
Single‐access dual‐injection technique (SADIT) for high‐risk PCI with Impella CP
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Caballero Jaime A. , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Iliescu Cezar
Published: June 2021

The use of two arterial vascular accesses is now the standard of care in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). When Impella support is needed, an additional vascular access may be necessary. We describe the first‐in‐man single‐access, dual injection technique (SADIT). The Impella CP device was inserted in the left ventricle in the standard fashion. Subsequently, a 6 French sheath was placed at the “10 o clock” position and a second 4 French sheath was at the “5 o clock” position. This technique obviates the need for additional arterial access sites and potentially risk of complications. The SADIT technique is a simple way to perform high‐risk, Impella‐assisted coronary revascularization procedures necessitating dual coronary injections like CTO interventions. This strategy avoids unnecessary vascular complications from multiple access sites.
Macaque monkey trigeminal blink reflex circuits targeting levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons
Authors: Warren Susan , May Paul J.
Published: June 2021

For normal viewing, the eyes are held open by the tonic actions of the levator palpebrae superioris (levator) muscle raising the upper eyelid. This activity is interrupted during blinks, when the eyelid sweeps down to spread the tear film or protect the cornea. We examined the circuit connecting the principal trigeminal nucleus to the levator motoneurons by use of both anterograde and retrograde tracers in macaque monkeys. Injections of anterograde tracer were made into the principal trigeminal nucleus using either a stereotaxic approach or localization following physiological characterization of trigeminal second order neurons. Anterogradely labeled axonal arbors were located both within the caudal central subdivision, which contains levator motoneurons, and in the adjacent supraoculomotor area. Labeled boutons made synaptic contacts on retrogradely labeled levator motoneurons indicating a monosynaptic connection. As the eye is also retracted through the actions of the rectus muscles during a blink, we examined whether these trigeminal injections labeled boutons contacting rectus motoneurons within the oculomotor nucleus. These were not found when the injection sites were confined to the principal trigeminal nucleus region. To identify the source of the projection to the levator motoneurons, we injected retrograde tracer into the oculomotor complex. Retrogradely labeled cells were confined to a narrow, dorsoventrally oriented cell population that lined the rostral edge of the principal trigeminal nucleus. Presumably these cells inhibit levator motoneurons, while other parts of the trigeminal sensory complex are activating orbicularis oculi motoneurons, when a blink is initiated by sensory stimuli contacting the face.
Developed configuration of stacked multicell topology with reduced DC voltage sources
Authors: Hazrati Sara , Bannae Sharifian Mohammad Bagher , Feyzi Mohammad Reza , Babaei Ebrahim
Published: June 2021

Multilevel inverters are considered as a suitable alternative for the two‐level topology in the medium‐voltage, high‐power applications because of the higher number of voltage levels, and, as a result, reduced harmonic distortion. One of the most critical types of multilevel inverters is the flying capacitor topology, in which the stacked multicell topology is derived from this type of multilevel inverters. This paper presents a developed configuration of the stacked multicell topology, constructed from 2m × nprimary commutation cells, which generates the output voltage of (2m × n)+1 levels. The most crucial point in the flying capacitor‐based topologies is balancing the flying capacitors' voltages, which is the primary condition of these topologies' correct operation. Also, in this topology, the number of required DC voltage sources is decreased compared to the existing multicell topology. Moreover, the developed topology can generate a higher number of voltage levels without cascading several cells. The developed multicell inverter topology is controlled based on the disposition band carrier and phase‐shifted carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DBC‐PSC‐SPWM) method. Because of this control method, the voltages of capacitors are self‐adjusted at their value. The proposed topology is simulated in different conditions using PSCAD/EMTDC software and to show the validity of the proposed topology and the control method, and simulation results are demonstrated. A laboratory‐type experimental setup is used to validate the modulation strategy and other findings.
Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: 10‐year review
Authors: Newman Jason G. , Hall Mary A. , Kurley Sarah J. , Cook Robert W. , Farberg Aaron S. , Geiger Jessica L. , Koyfman Shlomo A.
Published: June 2021

Standard of care for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is surgical excision of the primary lesion with clear margins when possible, and additional resection of positive margins when feasible. Even with negative margins, certain high‐risk factors warrant consideration of adjuvant therapy. However, which patients might benefit from adjuvant therapy is unclear, and supporting evidence is conflicting and limited to mostly small retrospective cohorts. Here, we review literature from the last decade regarding adjuvant radiation therapy and systemic therapy in high‐risk cSCC, including recent and current trials and the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We demonstrate evidence gaps in adjuvant therapy for high‐risk cSCC and the need for prognostic tools, such as gene expression profiling, to guide patient selection. More large‐cohort clinical studies are needed for collecting high‐quality, evidence‐based data for determining which patients with high‐risk cSCC may benefit from adjuvant therapy and which therapy is most appropriate for patient management.
The performance of heparin modified poly(ε‐caprolactone) small diameter tissue engineering vascular graft in canine—A long‐term pilot experiment in vivo
Authors: Ye Lin , Takagi Toshitaka , Tu Chengzhao , Hagiwara Akeo , Geng Xue , Feng Zengguo
Published: June 2021

Long‐term in vivo observation in large animal model is critical for evaluating the potential of small diameter tissue engineering vascular graft (SDTEVG) in clinical application, but is rarely reported. In this study, a SDTEVG is fabricated by the electrospinning of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and subsequent heparin modification. SDTEVG is implanted into canine's abdominal aorta for 511 days in order to investigate its clinical feasibility. An active and robust remodeling process was characterized by a confluent endothelium, macrophage infiltrate, extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling on the explanted graft. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis further exhibit the regeneration of endothelium and smooth muscle layer on tunica intima and tunica media, respectively. Thus, long‐term follow‐up reveals viable neovessel formation beyond graft degradation. Furthermore, the von Kossa staining exhibits no occurrence of calcification. However, although no TEVG failure or rupture happens during the follow‐up, the aneurysm is found by both Doppler ultrasonic and gross observation. Consequently, as‐prepared TEVG shows promising potential in vascular tissue engineering if it can be appropriately strengthened to prevent the occurrence of aneurysm.
Cardiovascular Safety of Antifracture Medications in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review of Evidence From Randomized Studies
Authors: Rodríguez Alexander J , Abrahamsen Bo
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular (CV) disease share common risk factors and pathophysiology. Low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures appear to increase the risk for multiple CV diseases. Equally, prevalent CV disease appears to predispose to bone loss and increase fracture rates. This relationship has naturally provoked the hypothesis that stopping bone loss may result in some CV benefit. Secondary analyses of safety and adverse event data from many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have attempted to clarify this putative association. Recently, the discontinuation of odanacatib (anti‐cathepsin K monoclonal antibody) over stroke concerns and the imbalance in ischemic events in romosozumab‐treated (anti‐sclerostin monoclonal antibody) women compared to bisphosphonate‐treated women, has provided further justification to better characterize potential CV benefits and harms of osteoporosis medications. This review delves into the seminal, and other major RCTs of osteoporosis medications and, using both published data and additional information provided on trial registration pages, examines the evidence for CV safety and harms of these medications. Accepted and emerging “off‐target” effects are explored for validity, biological plausibility, and clinical importance. A brief research agenda is provided to stimulate the next wave of clinical development and CV understanding of osteoporosis medications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
When the “Charm of Three” Fades: Mental Imagery Moderates the Impact of the Number of Ad Claims on Persuasion
Authors: Wang Liangyan , Chan Eugene Y. , Chen Haipeng (Allan) , Lin Han , Shi Xinzhan
Published: June 2021

Given the prevalence of imagery appeals in today’s marketplace, the current research studies the role of mental imagery in how consumers process and react to advertisements with different numbers of ad claims. Past research has proposed “three” as the magical number of ad claims that maximizes persuasion, with more than three ad claims increasing skepticism and reducing evaluation. In the current research, we replicate this so‐called “charm of three” effect, but only when consumers do not engage in mental imagery; when they do, however, we find that the effect is moderated, in that more ad claims beyond three produces more favorable product evaluation. Additionally, we provide evidence that the moderating effect of mental imagery is driven by transportation and skepticism toward the ad claims, with mental imagery increasing transportation and decreasing skepticism when there are more than three ad claims. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the “charm of three” effect, its boundary conditions, and underlying mechanism.
Ocean warming reduces gastropod survival despite maintenance of feeding and oxygen consumption rates
Authors: Falkenberg Laura J. , Simons Dina‐Leigh , Anderson Kathryn M.
Published: June 2021

Short‐term, sublethal response variables are increasingly used to provide rapid indications of whole organism responses to future climate conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that these response variables may not consistently reflect whole organism responses which manifest over longer time scales. Here, we consider the effect of moderate warming on longer‐term whole organism fitness, as reflected by survival, as well as two shorter‐term response variables, feeding rate and oxygen consumption, for two tropical gastropod species. We found a significant reduction in survival under warming, despite no significant effect of warming on feeding or oxygen consumption rates. This result demonstrates that the maintenance of physiological rates alone is not sufficient to sustain organism survival under elevated temperatures; rather an increase in physiological process rates is likely required. Consequently, isolated short‐term physiological processes may not adequately reflect longer‐term whole organism responses to altered climate. For improved understanding, both short‐ and long‐term responses need to be considered.
Impact assessment of the reduction or removal of ionophores used for controlling coccidiosis in the UK broiler industry
Authors: Parker Charles Daniel , Lister Stephen Andrew , Gittins Jason
Published: June 2021

Coccidiosis is a complex parasitic disease ubiquitous in all types of poultry production. It can have both a direct effect on bird health and welfare with significant negative impacts on the production parameters and indirect effect as it predisposes to other pathogens.

Ionophore coccidiostats have been used safely for over 45 years by poultry producers. Concerns have been raised that their use in livestock production could promote the development of antibiotic resistance, but their unique mode of action makes it unlikely. Conversely their removal can result in increased use of therapeutic antibiotics to treat disease posing a greater risk of antibiotic resistance development.

Economic and environmental models examining the impact of the removal of ionophore coccidiostats from UK production suggest the annual cost to the broiler sector would be between £68.02–£109.95 million and result in an additional 84,000 tonnes CO2e being produced per annum.

Any cost increase would make this wholesome and affordable animal protein less affordable to poorer sectors of society. Increased greenhouse gas production, demand for water and land as a result of less efficient production will impact on climate change targets.
Genicular axial pattern flap for coverage of a hind limb defect caused by dog bites in a ewe
Authors: Pappa Elena , Zacharopoulou Theodora , Georgiou Stefanos , Sideri Aikaterini , Tsioli Vassiliki
Published: June 2021

A ewe was referred with severe dog bite wounds after unsuccessful attendance in a first opinion surgery. A large, complex, contaminated wound was evident in the medial surface of the left tibia. Initial management included lavage, surgical debridement, suturing of ruptured muscles and bandaging. Staged debridement was performed repeatedly 7, 14 and 21 days after initial presentation, while open wound management was carried out for 6 weeks. When the left hind limb wound was covered with healthy granulation tissue, the defect was closed with a genicular axial pattern skin flap. Post‐operatively, antibiotics and analgesics were administered; bandages were applied. Flap tip oedema and partial thickness skin loss concerning the epidermis were observed. The ewe recovered after 40 days of post‐operative hospitalisation. On re‐examination, 1 year after initial admission, no complications or lameness was reported. Although therapeutic management required extensive surgical attention and long post‐operative care, the final outcome was favourable.
Einleitung
Authors: Koch Florian , Krellenberg Kerstin
Published: June 2021

Wie nachhaltig kann Stadtentwicklung sein? Beton, Asphalt, Abgase und Lärm prägen oftmals unser Bild von Städten. Dies steht im Zusammenhang mit hohen Versiegelungsgraden, Emissionen und Verkehrsbelastungen, die die Folge der Konzentration von Menschen, ihrer Mobilität und ihres Handelns im städtischen Raum sind.
Combined analysis of neutrino decoherence at reactor experiments
Authors: de Gouvêa André , De Romeri Valentina , Ternes Christoph A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Reactor experiments are well suited to probe the possible loss of coherence of neutrino oscillations due to wave-packets separation. We combine data from the short-baseline experiments Daya Bay and the Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) and from the long baseline reactor experiment KamLAND to obtain the best current limit on the reactor antineutrino wave-packet width, σ > 2.1 × 10−4 nm at 90% CL. We also find that the determination of standard oscillation parameters is robust, i.e., it is mostly insensitive to the presence of hypothetical decoherence effects once one combines the results of the different reactor neutrino experiments.
Korn and Poincaré-Korn inequalities for functions with a small jump set
Authors: Cagnetti Filippo , Chambolle Antonin , Scardia Lucia
Published: June 2021

In this paper we prove a regularity and rigidity result for displacements in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDp, for every$$p>1$$p>1and any dimension$$n\ge 2$$n≥2. We show that a displacement in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDpwith a small jump set coincides with a$$W^{1,p}$$W1,pfunction, up to a small set whose perimeter and volume are controlled by the size of the jump. This generalises to higher dimension a result of Conti, Focardi and Iurlano. A consequence of this is that such displacements satisfy, up to a small set, Poincaré-Korn and Korn inequalities. As an application, we deduce an approximation result which implies the existence of the approximate gradient for displacements in$$GSBD^p$$GSBDp.