bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Crothers Charles
Published: November 2021

The people of Aotearoa/New Zealand are engaged with, and variously in support of a range of government, voluntary sector and private enterprise formal and informal programmes designed to in various ways alleviate their concerns and difficulties or enhance their social wellbeing. These are embedded in a broader ‘policy space’ in which ideas, research efforts  and appropriate social facts monitor existing programmes and agitate over their fate and the  possibilities of new ones. This journal aims to tap into such debates and to promote research to finesse policy ideas.
The Mood of the Nation in 2020: The Stuff/Massey pre-election online survey
Authors: Duncan Grant , Liu James H , Choi Sarah Y
Published: November 2021

Leading up to the 2017 New Zealand general election, Stuff.co.nz and Massey University collaborated in two online surveys of public opinion to test the mood of the nation and seek opinions about a range of relevant political and social issues. Given their success, two more surveys were conducted in 2020. This article summarises results from the 2020 data, and reflects on the methodological advantages, disadvantages and challenges of conducting people-driven online surveys that need to meet the differing needs of academic researchers, journalists and the public. While the surveys produced very large samples, they were not representative. Moreover, the choices of items were influenced by what happened to be newsworthy at the time. Naturally, Covid-19 was a significant theme during the 2020 surveys. The results reveal predictable left–right polarization of opinions, a minority support for conspiracy theories, some areas of wide agreement across the political spectrum, and some unexpected nuances of opinions within and across ethnic groups.
Synthesis and application of nano-MH/MPB as intumescent flame retardant (IFR)
Authors: Zhao Aiming , Dong Yanmao , Ni Qiuyang , Bao Zhiyu
Published: November 2021

Magnesium hydroxide/melamine phosphate borate (nano MH/MPB), a novel nano-composition intumescent flame retardant, was synthesized with the in-situ reaction method from MgCl2·6H2O sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and melamine phosphate borate (MPB) in the absence of H2O. The structure of the product was confirmed by EDAX IR and XRD. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the dimension of magnesium hydroxide were observed. The effects of mass ratio of magnesium hydroxide to MPB on the flame retardancy of nano-MH/MPB/EP were examined with the limiting oxygen test. The results show that the optimal condition of synthesis of MH/MPB is mMH/mMPB = 0.25, reacting under 75 ℃ for 30 minutes. Finally, the mechanism for flame retardancy of nano-MH/MPB/EP was pilot studied by means of IR of char layer and TG of MH/MPB.
A new straton in the Late Devonian sedimentation in the Tsil’ma river basin of the Middle Timan
Authors: Tel’nova O. P. , Shumilov I. Kh.
Published: November 2021

Research subject. Terrigenous rocks of the Sargaevo stage of sedimentation in various structural-facies settings within the Tsilma area (Middle Timan). Material and methods. The composition, structural features of rocks, and the species diversity of spores of higher plants were studied in the most complete natural outcrops proposed as a stratotype of the Paladinskaya Formation – a new straton of the Sargaevo age in the Middle Timan. Over a large area of the region, the deposits contain very few remains of fossil fauna, often indiﬀerent. As a result, palynostratigraphy was selected as the main biostratigraphic method. Results. In the Middle Timan, a new straton, the Paladinskaya Formation, is described, which characterizes the Sargaevo stage of sedimentation in various structural-facies settings within the Tsil’ma area. The new straton has clear lithological and detailed palynological characteristics; a description of the limitotypes was performed.

At present, the Paladinskaya Formation is the most complete sequence of Early Frasnian sedimentation in the European North-East of Russia, where it was possible to record regional responses to the global Frasnes event and to determine the position of the controversial level of the boundary between the Middle and Upper Devonian. Conclusions. The name “Ust’e Yarega” Formation in the Middle Timan cannot be considered valid, since it is a homonym of the sediments of the same age in the South Timan. The section is represented mainly by continental, rather than marine, deposits. A new name for the identifed formation is proposed – “Paladinskaya” with a description of the stratum section and limitotype.

The Paladinskaya Formation is characterized by subcomplexes of spores (А and Б) of the regional miospore zone Cristatisporites pseudodeliquescens, which made it possible to correlate the marine and continental deposits of the Early Frasnian on the territory of the entire Timan-Pechora region and establish its exact position in the stratigraphic scheme of the Devonian.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS AGAINST THREATS OF ABUSE DISCRIMINATION IN A DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIP PERSPECTIVE BETWEEN COUNTRIES
Authors: Marpi Yapiter
Published: November 2021

Manpower is the driving force of an activity that can determine the implementation of manpower through the available manpower, which is an integral part of national development based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Problems that occur to Indonesian migrant workers abroad occur cases, abuse and discrimination occur, such as cases of sexual harassment, cases involving convictions of migrant workers, cases of unpaid wages, to cases of unilateral termination of employment. This research uses normative juridical research methods and is legally supported by socio descriptive analysis employing primary, secondary, and tertiary data. The purpose of this research is that the placement of Indonesian workers abroad is one of the State's efforts to realize the same rights and obligations for workers to improve their standard of living. The study results show that the protection of migrant workers needs to be affirmed with certainty against the regulation of Law Number 18 of 2017. The aim is to guarantee Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families in realizing guaranteed fulfillment of their rights in all activities before working, during work, and after working in legal, economic aspects, and social. The role of state diplomacy is needed in protecting and fulfilling the rights of migrant workers because this condition involves relations between countries, as people who have no choice of provider for life, workers. Therefore the role of the State must be very spearheading in providing legal protection to migrant workers because their status is minimal. The research analysis results to realize the implementation of international and national legal instruments from Indonesia need to be optimized through diplomacy from those with interest so that protection is said to be effective and optimal.
Impact of the Orthodox Church upon the development of civil society in Russia
Authors: Neznanova Violetta Sergeevna
Published: November 2021

The subject of this article is the impact of Orthodox Church upon the development of civil society in Russia. The goal is to reveal the role of the Orthodox Church within the structure of Russian civil society, analyze the evolution of civil society in Russia, shed light on interaction between the government and civil society, and demonstrate what unites the Orthodox Church and civil society in Russia. The article leans on the “Fundamentals of Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church”, data of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, public chamber of St. Petersburg, “Center for the Development of Nonprofit Organizations”, etc. The scientific novelty lies in disclosure of the role of Orthodox Church within the structure of Russian civil society; analysis of the evolution of civil society in Russia; clarification of the peculiarities of interaction between the government and civil society, as well as what unites the Orthodox Church and civil society in Russia. The conclusion is drawn that the role of Orthodox Church as the civil institution in political relations is defined by the following factors: 1) as the guardian of the highest religious values, the Church is the “sense of conscience” of the civil society; Church is the civil institution for defending the public interest; 3) Church is the interlink between the private and common interests, as well as ensures social integration; 4) Church is the guardian of not only personal faith, but collective identity as well. The religious majority tends to view their faith as a social “ethics”, while the religious minorities rather view it as ethnic affiliation.
Mapeamentos icônicos na estrutura interna dos verbos em Língua Brasileira de Sinais
Authors: Murta Michelle Andréa , Lourenço Guilherme
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho investiga os mapeamentos icônicos presentes na estrutura interna dos verbos na Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Entendemos iconicidade como uma relação analógica entre forma e significado, de modo que há semelhança ou similaridade entre eles (MEIR; TKACHMAN, 2018). Além da iconicidade, o presente trabalho aborda a estrutura morfofonológica dos verbos em Libras. Adotamos a proposta de Lourenço (2018a, 2018b) e Lourenço e Wilbur (2018) de que há uma simultaneidade de informações visuais, envolvendo cinco estruturas morfofonológicas do item verbal: as expressões não manuais, que compreendem a face superior e a face inferior, e os três parâmetros primários, que compreendem configuração de mão, movimento e locação. A partir dos conceitos de iconicidade e de estrutura morfofonológica interna dos verbos, questionamos se é possível identificar mapeamentos icônicos independentes em cada “camada” de informação visual da estrutura verbal, que chamaremos de slots morfológicos. Argumentaremos que há, sim, mapeamentos icônicos na estrutura morfológica do item verbal e que cada slot morfológico pode codificar relações icônicas entre forma e significado. Além disso, indicamos ser possível estabelecer o grau de iconicidade que um item verbal possui a partir da quantidade de mapeamentos icônicos presentes em sua estrutura interna, de modo a construirmos uma escala de iconicidade que leva em consideração a estrutura morfofonológica do item lexical.
Abordagem dos profissionais de saúde frente à transexualidade no sistema único de saúde
Authors: Ramos André Luís Belmiro Moreira , Azevedo Nathália de Oliveira , Oliveira Márcya Cândida Cassimiro de , Mendonça Gilberto José Montaño Góes de , Pecorelli Domennica Gomes , Tissiani Amanda Apolori , Alves Ianara Fabiana Ramalho Dias , Deininger Layza de Sousa Chaves
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os estudos científicos nacionais acerca da abordagem dos profissionais de saúde frente à transexualidade. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa dos últimos cinco anos, realizado de março a maio de 2021 com o intuito de analisar estudos relacionados com o objetivo do artigo, sistematizando-os para investigação aprofundada do tema. Utilizou-se para isso a combinação dos descritores e os booleanos AND e OR. Resultados: Foram incluídos 21 artigos, publicados entre 2017 e 2021, que retrataram temas como a transfobia nos espaços em saúde, patologização das vivências transexuais, ausência de políticas efetivas na atenção primária voltada para o público transexual, falta de recursos nas redes de saúde destinados às necessidades do público transexual, necessidade de formação dos trabalhadores da saúde no contexto das vivências transexuais, importância do cuidado, acolhimento, atendimento especializado e cuidado multiprofissional à população transexual e necessidade de inclusão de conteúdos e estratégias pedagógicas acerca das políticas públicas destinadas ao público LGBTQIA+ nas escolas médicas ou nos próprios serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: abordagem dos profissionais de saúde frente à transexualidade carece de aprimoramento em relação à forma como este público deve ser acolhido, minimizando os preconceitos perpetrados pela sociedade.
Reasons for under-reporting of paraquat poisoning in India
Authors: DAMBAL ARCHANA , NAIK SHIVDAS , HEMAMALINI G. , SIDDAGANGA S. , KASHINKUNTI MOHAN D.
Published: November 2021

Background

Paraquat is an inexpensive herbicide used in agriculture because it is easily available and the cost of labour for manual clearance of weeds is prohibitive. Paraquat is toxic to human beings and is also used for committing suicide. We studied the reasons for under-reporting of paraquat poisoning including those related to the training of doctors.

Methods

In this mixed-methods study, we describe a series of patients with paraquat poisoning. We recorded their demographic data, clinical features, treatment and outcome with an intention to explore the reason for an initial misdiagnosis. We also explored whether deficiencies in curricula contributed to the misdiagnosis.

Results

The patients of paraquat poisoning (n=28) were mostly young illiterate men driven by impulsive behaviour rather than chronic depression. Paraquat was consumed by patients from non-agricultural background as well, implying easy access to the poison. Many patients could not name the agent and so initial treatment was directed at organophosphorus poisoning. The diagnostic signs included paraquat tongue, renal failure and jaundice. Most of the casualty medical officers and residents were unfamiliar with the symptoms and signs of paraquat poisoning as was evident by their answers to the questionnaire. Knowledge of medical students about paraquat poisoning was not assessed in the theory examinations and viva.

Conclusion

Factors contributing to the limitation in establishing the diagnosis are illiteracy and ignorance of the patients, lack of specific signs and lack of training of medical officers in treating patients with paraquat poisoning.
Hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity with the mPFC and DLPFC moderates and mediates the association between education level and memory function in subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Xu Shurui , Sun Qianqian , Li Ming , Luo Jia , Cai Guiyan , Chen Ruilin , Zhang Lin , Liu Jiao
Published: November 2021

Objective:

This study aims to determine the relationship between education level, memory function, and hippocampus functional and structural alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Methods:

Seventy-five participants with SCD were divided into high education (HE) and low education (LE) level groups. A Wechsler Memory Scale–Chinese Revision test and functional and structural MRI were performed within 1 week after participant recruitment. The bilateral hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), gray matter volume (GMV) of brain regions identified by rsFC analysis, and moderating and mediating effects were assessed.

Results:

Compared with the LE group, HE individuals showed 1) higher memory quotient (MQ) and Digit Span subscore, 2) decreased hippocampal rsFC with the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and 3) increased GMV in the right mPFC and DLPFC. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC significantly associated with the MQ and the bilateral hippocampus–right mPFCrsFC with the Digit Span subscore in each group. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC moderated the relationship between the education level and MQ. The bilateral hippocampus–right mPFC rsFC mediated the relationship between the education level and Digit Span subscore in all subjects.

Conclusion:

The hippocampal rsFC with the right mPFC and DLPFC contributes to the education level effect on memory function in SCD.
Magnetic resonance imaging for smoking abstinence: symptoms, mechanisms, and interventions
Authors: Bi Yanzhi , Hu Li
Published: November 2021

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a number of smokers are aware of the adverse outcomes of smoking and express a strong desire to stop smoking, most smoking quit attempts end in relapse within the first few days of abstinence, primarily resulting from the aversive aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, studying the neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence, identifying smokers with heightened relapse vulnerability prior to quit attempts, and developing effective smoking cessation treatments appear to be promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. In recent years, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging, the neural substrates of smoking abstinence have become extensively studied. In this review, we first introduce the psychophysiological changes induced by smoking abstinence, including affective, cognitive, and somatic signs. We then provide an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence regarding abstinence-related functional changes accompanied by these psychophysiological changes. We conclude with a discussion of the neural markers that could predict relapse during quit attempts and a summary of the psychophysiological interventions that are currently often used to help with smoking cessation. This review extends our understanding of the role of the central nervous system in smoking abstinence.
Síntesis de evidencia y recomendaciones para el manejo de la suplementación con calcio antes y durante el embarazo para la prevención de la preeclampsia y sus complicaciones
Authors: de la Salud Organización Panamericana
Published: November 2021

Introducción. La preeclampsia es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad maternofetal en el mundo. La suplementación con calcio ha demostrado prevenir este trastorno y, por lo tanto, es importante contar con guías que emitan recomendaciones respecto de su uso.

Objetivo. Sintetizar las recomendaciones relacionadas con la preeclampsia desarrolladas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) con el fin de mejorar la calidad del cuidado y desenlaces en salud de las mujeres en edad reproductiva y embarazadas, y abordar aspectos sobre su implementación.

Métodos. Las guías elaboradas por la OMS siguen los métodos de elaboración de las guías GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation) del Manual para la elaboración de directrices de la OMS. Se llevó a cabo una síntesis de las recomendaciones de dos guías de la OMS. Además, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Lilacs, Health Systems Evidence, Epistemonikos y literatura gris de estudios desarrollados en la Región de las Américas con el fin de identificar barreras, facilitadores y estrategias de implementación, así como determinar indicadores.

Resultados. Se formularon dos recomendaciones relacionadas con preeclampsia, eclampsia y sus complicaciones para aplicar antes y durante el embarazo. Se identificaron barreras, facilitadores para la implementación y se crearon indicadores de adherencia y resultado.

Conclusiones. Las recomendaciones formuladas buscan proveer orientación sobre cómo prevenir la preeclampsia a través del consumo de calcio con consideraciones para su implementación en América Latina y el Caribe.
Neurogenic Plasticity in a Serotonin Transporter Knockout Model: Effects of Maternal and Offspring Genotype
Authors:   , Tapnikar Sarah
Published: November 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is debilitating mental disorder that is increasing in prevalence. Many theories have tried to explain the aetiology of depression including the classic monoamine deficiency hypothesis and the newer neurogenic hypothesis. The finding that selective serotonin transporter inhibitors (SSRIs) work by increasing extracellular serotonin levels in the brain and have antidepressant effects has formed the basis of the most widely accepted theory of depression, the monoamine hypothesis. However, a genetic reduction in human and animal serotonin reuptake transporters, which also increases extracellular serotonin, is associated with depressive symptomology. This paradox is not explained by the monoamine hypothesis. The key difference between these two scenarios is that genetically induced increases in serotonin occur from development onward, while SSRIs increase serotonin only in adulthood. Furthermore, SSRIs typically take several weeks to confer a therapeutic effect. This finding has led to the hypothesis that, rather than acute monoamine-increasing effects, it is the downstream effects of such increases on neurogenesis and neural plasticity which confer antidepressant effects. To further elucidate the neurobiology of depression, this study sought to examine the effects of genetically increasing serotonin on early postnatal neurogenesis in a serotonin knockout rat model using BrdU immunohistochemistry. We examined both the offspring and maternal genotype effects. We found that SERT-/- offspring had the highest levels of neurogenesis compared with SERT+/- and SERT+/+ at postnatal day 7. In addition we found a maternal genotype effect with SERT+/+ offspring born and reared by SERT+/- mothers having lower neurogenesis compared to SERT+/+ offspring from SERT+/+ mothers. The potential effects of maternal caregiving, neuroplasticity in altered mood and stress responses and the role of 5-HT receptors are discussed.
Nursing Prioritisation of the Patient Need for Care: Tacit Knowledge of Clinical Decision Making in Nursing
Authors:   , Lake Sarah Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

Effective nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is integral to daily nursing practice but there is no formal acknowledgement or study of this concept. Utilising the retroductive research strategy of critical realism, this thesis explores the nursing literature for the tacit knowledge of the discipline about nursing prioritisation and proposes a ‘fit’ for nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care within the bigger picture of nurse clinical decision-making.

The tacit knowledge discerned within the literature indicates that nurses use discretionary judgment and ongoing assessment to determine the relative importance of the many aspects of individual patient situations as they unfold. Such nursing prioritisation takes place concurrently between the competing or even conflicting needs of the several individual patient presentations within the nurse’s caseload. Varied frames of reference within different practice settings create specific imperatives on this dynamic and non-sequential process.

Starting with an initial set of studies in the 1960s, study of clinical decision-making in nursing has created a significant body of knowledge encompassing a range of approaches. Nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is most readily discerned in the interpretive perspective and in the plain language descriptions of nurse decision-making. Within the selected literature it is apparent that nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is an advanced skill of nursing that is developed in practice and honed through experiential learning.
Caring for People with Mental Health Problems Who Present at the Emergency Department: a Nurse Educator's Journey
Authors:   , Thompson Charlotte
Published: November 2021

The New Zealand Emergency Department (ED) nurse is faced daily with the challenge of caring for patients of all ages with a wide variety of presenting complaints. Courses are available for ED specialty work such as trauma and paediatric assessment. However, as this thesis argues, it is difficult to access updated and ongoing education in relation to caring for people with mental health problems who present to the Emergency Department. In addition to this education deficit are the challenges of providing care in an overcrowded ED environment. Such factors contribute to a perceived lack of confidence and sometimes ambivalence or frustration on the part of nursing staff in caring for this group. This may result in an inconsistent standard of care for the the person with a mental health problem unless such issues are addressed.

The aim of this research paper was to explore the education needs of ED nurses when caring for people with mental health problems. A literature review was undertaken to investigate the broad education strategies available to overcome these challenges. Diverse approaches were identified such as workshops, clinical guidelines, and mental health consultation-liaison roles. Research was also identified that examined ED nursing attitudes and their learning needs in relation to mental health.

This paper concludes with a discussion of recommendations for the New Zealand setting with the intention of developing a more confident and competent nursing workforce, who are better prepared to care for the person with a mental health problem.
The Algebraic and Geometric Classification of Four Dimensional Superalgebras
Authors:   , Armour Aaron
Published: November 2021

The algebraic and geometric classification of k-algbras, of dimension fouror less, was started by Gabriel in “Finite representation type is open” [12].

Several years later Mazzola continued in this direction with his paper “Thealgebraic and geometric classification of associative algebras of dimensionfive” [21]. The problem we attempt in this thesis, is to extend the resultsof Gabriel to the setting of super (or Z2-graded) algebras — our main effortsbeing devoted to the case of superalgebras of dimension four. Wegive an algebraic classification for superalgebras of dimension four withnon-trivial Z2-grading. By combining these results with Gabriel’s we obtaina complete algebraic classification of four dimensional superalgebras.

This completes the classification of four dimensional Yetter-Drinfeld modulealgebras over Sweedler’s Hopf algebra H4 given by Chen and Zhangin “Four dimensional Yetter-Drinfeld module algebras over H4” [9]. Thegeometric classification problem leads us to define a new variety, Salgn —the variety of n-dimensional superalgebras—and study some of its properties.

The geometry of Salgn is influenced by the geometry of the varietyAlgn yet it is also more complicated, an important difference being thatSalgn is disconnected. While we make significant progress on the geometricclassification of four dimensional superalgebras, it is not complete. Wediscover twenty irreducible components of Salg4 — however there couldbe up to two further irreducible components.
Midwives' Experiences of Working with Highly Anxious Childbearing Women
Authors:   , Hammond Maureen Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

Anxiety is a normal human phenomenon. It is fundamental to our survival as a species, allowing us to adjust and plan for the future and prompts us to seek help and security from others. High levels of anxiety during childbearing are associated with poor fetal development, behavioural/emotional problems in children and adolescents, prolonged labours, increased obstetric intervention, impaired lactogenesis and bonding problems.

Working with highly anxious childbearing women can be a challenging experience for independent lead maternity care midwives. This qualitative investigation guided by the principles of feminist research examined four independent midwives experiences of working with highly anxious childbearing women. Data were collected by interview, and thematic analysis found three themes that encapsulated the experience. The resultant themes were of: 1) challenging partnerships, 2) making a difference and 3) realising own limitations.

The midwives, while very committed to their highly anxious clients, experienced considerable stress while endeavouring to provide effective care. This stress is of concern to midwives and midwifery as it makes midwives vulnerable to burnout. Given the damage that high levels of unchecked anxiety have on childbearing women and their families, midwifery has to look for safe and effective ways to work with these women.

Recommendations for practice are based around negotiating boundaries to the midwife-client relationship, increased help and support for midwives, especially clinical supervision, better midwifery education, and continuous professional development in relation to maternal mental health, and properly resourced and funded maternal mental health services.
Silver Diamine Fluoride – A “Silver-fluoride Bullet” for Dental Caries
Authors: Goel Pallavi , R Vikram , M S Adarsha , M E Sudhanva
Published: November 2021

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases across the globe, affecting all age groups. Various public health measures like water fluoridation have been started to control the spread of caries, especially among children. But these intervention methods are inaccessible to people in some parts of the world. Thus, a product called Silver Diamine Fluoride was introduced, which can help arrest carious lesions at an early stage. It is a beneficial aid for caries arrest in both primary and permanent teeth. Also, can be used for arresting root caries. Thus, the objective of this review article is to discuss about silver diamine fluoride and its diverse uses from both clinician and public health point of view.
Here’s the TIP (Tri-Immuno – Phasic periodontal therapy) – A dive to thrive!
Authors: Chakraborty Kahon , S Shivanaikar Sachin , Jain Darsha
Published: November 2021

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that destroys periodontium due to the exaggeration of the host immune responses to the disease-causing perio-pathogens, resulting in attachment loss and bone loss, eventually leading to loss of the tooth. Various advancements in modalities of treatment of periodontal disease have occurred in the past few years to overcome the disadvantages of traditional periodontal therapies as well as to improve the clinical outcomes. The Tri-Immuno – phasic periodontal (TIP) therapy is one such new technique developed by William Hoisington which is a minimally invasive, efficient, safe, and less traumatic alternative technique for treating periodontal diseases. TIP therapy is based on the fact that periodontal tissues heal in the same way as other parts of the human body. TIP therapy is an aerobic method of treating periodontal diseases that modulates various phases of the host immune system to eliminate the perio-pathogens and form a new attachment, and also attempts to regenerate the alveolar bone. The TIP therapy method includes - Bone One Session Treatment (BOST), controlling the occlusal forces, oral hygiene reinforcement with adjuvant modalities, lifestyle modifications, enhancing nutrition, and exercise.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Motor Skills and Body Composition of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Detailed Review
Authors:   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia, Mitic Milan , Aleksandrovic Marko ,   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
Published: November 2021

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) make up about 2% of the total population, in addition to the cognitive and social problems which they face, physical abilities are at a very low level, during life. At the same time, people with ID show deficits in motor status which is associated with poor perception of information and inability to execute movements and with constant variation of body status indicators. The aim of this detailed review was to summarize previous works that examined the effects that regular physical activity has on motor and physical status in ID. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, SciIndex, ResearchGate, MEDLINE. A systematic review of the available literature was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The training processes of people with ID are adapted to the level of disability. Research that has studied the effects of adequate and regular physical activity highlights the importance of these programs in reducing the consequences and improving the quality of life of this population, improving motor skills and body composition, in the future this knowledge should be combined with the benefits of nutritional programs to see the overall effects on motor skills and body composition in people with ID, so future research examining long-term positive sides is necessary.
Farklı Olgunluklarda Tüketilen Sakız Enginarının (Cynara Scolymus L.) Biyoaktif Bileşenlerinin İncelenmesİ
Authors: Kayahan Seda , Saloglu Dertli Didem
Published: November 2021

Enginar (Cynara Cardunculus L. Var. Scolymus) Akdeniz ülkelerinde yetiştirilen önemli kültür bitkilerinden biridir. Ülkemizde Sakız, Bayrampaşa ve bazı hibrit tip enginarların yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Enginarın içeriğindeki önemli biyoaktif bileşenlerin, karaciğeri koruyucu, antibakteriyal, anti-HIV, safra taşı önleyici, antikarsinojenik, antioksidatif, kolesterol biyosentezi önleyici gibi sağlığa faydalı etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Enginarın baş kısmın-da bulunan iç brakte ve olgunlaşmamış çiçek tablası bitkinin tüketilen kısmını oluşturmakta olup bu kısım enginar baş kısmının yaklaşık %30’luk kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Enginar bitkisinin diğer organları ise yaprak, sap ve dış brakte kısımlarında önemli biyoaktif bileşen içeriğine sahip olup büyük orada artık olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde Sakız enginarı farklı olgunluklarda hasat edilerek tüketiciye sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde yaygın bir şekilde yetiştiriciliği gerçekleştirilen sakız enginarının farklı olgunluklarına ait toplam fenol madde, DPPH antioksidan aktivite, CUPRAC antioksidan aktivite içerikleri ve önemli biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri belirlenmiş-tir. Ayrıca büyük oranda artık olarak ortaya çıkan enginar kısımlarının da katma değeri yüksek ürün dönüşüm potansiyeli araştırılması amacıyla, fenolik içerikleri, antioksidan aktivite ve biyoaktif bileşenleri incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışma sonuçlarına göre, enginarın iç brakte kısımda en yüksek toplam fenolik bileşen ve antioksidan aktivite olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı olgunluktaki enginarlar incelendiğinde, bebek enginarın kalp kısmının fenolik içeriği daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Olgunluk değeri artıkça fenolik içerik ve antioksidan aktivitenin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca enginarına artık olarak ortaya çıkan yaprak, sap ve dış brakte kısımlarının önemli fenol kaynağı olduğu görülmüştür.
Rize Ahşap (Çantı) Camilerinde Bezeme Üslubu
Authors: AZİZSOY Anar , ÖZKURT Muhammet
Published: November 2021

Bu makalede, Rize kent merkezi ve kırsalında tespit ettiğimiz, çantı tekniğinde yapılan camilerin süslemeli 12 adedi ele alınmıştır. İnşa aşamalarında olduğu gibi dayanıklı ahşap türünün seçimine değin tüm ayrıntılarında geleneksel yöntemlerin tatbik edildiği camilerde, süsleme tarzı ve konularının da yine yerel uygulamaları ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Tespit edilen motif türü veya kompozisyon öğelerinin birinci grubunu Osmanlı mimarisinde geç dönem Batı etkili unsurların geleneksel teknik ve stilize karakterde yöresel anlam içeren örnekleri meydana getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, “S-C” kıvrımları, akantus yapraklarından müteşekkil yürekler, kıvrık dallı lale, ağaçlı laleler, inci tanesi, şemse motifleri, bölgenin ahşap süsleme sanatında üslubu oluşturan unsurlar olarak irdelenmektedir. Süsleme konularının diğer iki grubunda ise ilki Ortaçağ Hıristiyan sanat dünyasında karşılaşılan ve etkileşim yoluyla aynı coğrafi bölgede geniş yayılım gösteren “saç örgü”, “sepet örgü”, “yürüyen sekiz” motiflerinin literatürde çeşitli adlandırmalarına karşın, önerilen terminolojik tanıma, desen kurgusu çözümü ve köken araştırmasından hareketle açıklık getirilmektedir. Geometrik sisteme sahip olan ikinci grup süsleme konularının başta Doğu Karadeniz olmak üzere bölgeye karakteristik özellikteki “badem geçme (halka)” motifinden ibaret olduğu örneklerle anlatılmaktadır. Süsleme üzerine derinleştirdiğimiz araştırmanın tartışmaya açılan problemlerinden birisi de, ustaların ortak tasarımlarının tespiti ve bu bağlamda Doğu Karadeniz yöresinin bazı yerleşimleri ve Transkafkasya’yı da kısmen ihtiva eden bir bölge için ahşap sanatında söyleyebileceğimiz bezeme üslubunun varlığı konusudur
UPAYA PENURUNAN BAHAN ORGANIK AIR SISA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DENGAN KONSORSIUM BAKTERI DAN KEPADATAN Chlorella sp.YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Pratiwi Rizky kusma , Arfiati Diana
Published: November 2021

Pengolahan limbah cair sisa budidaya udang di tambak perlu dilakukan sebelum air limbah tersebut masuk ke perairan umum. Dalam proses penurunan bahan organik selalu diperoleh kadar CO2 yang tinggi bahkan melebihi ambang batas untuk perairan umum. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan kadar bahan organik terendah dan mengetahui kepadatan terbaik dari  mikroalga (Chlorella sp.) yang dapat menurunkan kadar CO2 sampai tingkat terendah dengan waktu tercepat. Metode penelitian adalah RAL dengan 6 perlakuan , 2 kontrol dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing bak perlakuan diisi 4 liter air (sisa Budidaya Udang Vaname selama 118 hari) dan di tambahkan konsorsium bakteri 3 gram/L lalu ditambahkan mikroalga dengan kepadatan 104 sel/ml, 105 sel/ml dan 106 sel/ml. Pengamatan fisika kimia air dan mikroalga dilakukan setiap 6 jam selama 72 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua perlakuan mengalami penurunan bahan organik yang nilainya hampir sama dengan  kontrol. Kadar karbondioksida mengalami penurunan dari kadar 11,88 mg/ L menjadi 0 mg/L setelah 72 jam. Kadar bahan organik mengalami penurunan dari 39.2 mg/l menjadi 0.2 mg/l setelah 54 jam. Selama penelitian suhu berkisar antara 23 - 26°C, pH 7 - 9, oksigen terlarut 6,0 – 9,3 mg/l, salinitas 10 – 13 mg/l. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan organik dapat menurun sampai dengan 99,7 % setelah 54 jam dan CO2 dapat menurun sampai 100 % setelah 72 jam. Apabila diperlukan penambahan mikroalga untuk membantu menurunkan kadar CO2, maka disarankan menggunakan kepadatan mikroalga 106 sel/ml atau 55.5 ml/L agar tidak terjadi blooming mikroalga di perairan umum.
Life style changes in above 50 years old patients presenting in Urology Department during COVID 19 pandemic - a multicenter survey.
Authors: Hassan Sohail , Khurshid M. Adil , Iqbal Muhammad , Sheikh Athar Hameed , Siddiqui Ammad Ahmad , Naeem Manzoor Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Objective: In the current pandemic of COVID-19 the health care workers are working with social scientist to assist the government policy makers to slow the spread of this disease. These studies are focusing on different social aspects of the disease. A few studies are conducted on the behavior changes in community in response to this pandemic. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting: Urology Outpatients Department of Four Hospitals. Period: May 2020. Material & Methods: YouGov behavior change Performa was used for the survey with a 4 points scale from "Not at all" to "Drastic Change". Results: Total 285 patients were included in this study. Among these 191 patients were male while 94 were female. The age range was 50-68 years. Among 285 patients 159 an education level above primary. Among these 285 patients 234 patients (82.1%) belong to urban area while 51 patients (17.9%) belongs to rural area. Regarding change in behavior, 168 patients responded that there is no change, 56 showed a little change, 32 showed significant change and 28 showed drastic change in the habit of hand washing. In change in travel habit 128 mentioned not at all, 84 said a little change, 53 showed significant change and 20 said drastic change. In work from home 120 mentioned not at all, 88 said a little change, 57 showed significant change and 20 said drastic change. In piling of food and medicine 164 mentioned not at all, 96 said a little change and 25 showed significant change while there was no drastic change. In elderly and child care160 mentioned not at all, 68 said a little change and 57 showed significant change while there was no drastic change. In social distancing 160 mentioned not at all, 72 said a little change, 24 showed significant change and 29 said drastic change. In use of face mask 124 mentioned not at all, 132 said a little change, 24 showed significant change and 05 said drastic change. Conclusion: As there is no vaccine for this disease and treatment plans are also under trial so the role of preventive measures increases. The most important preventive measures are wearing of face masks, social distancing and avoidance of unnecessary traveling. As, at present, we can only decrease the spread of disease by adopting preventive measures.
Frequency of etiological causes of intestinal obstruction in children.
Authors: Mishraz Mishraz , Zamir Naima , Azhar Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of the various etiological causes of intestinal obstruction in children. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. Period: January 2017 to December 2017. Material & Methods: Total 143 patients included in study with age range d from 1 month to 12 years. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to Outpatient/ Emergency department of National Institute of Child health, Karachi were included in the study. Patients followed diagnosis of intestinal obstruction were operated and the outcome variables (Round worms, adhesions, intussusceptions and obstructed hernia) were noted. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version: 22. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for age and duration of symptoms. Results: The Mean ± SD of age was 35.41±27.664 months. Out of 143 patients 118 (82.5%) were male and 25 (17.5%) were female. Etiological causes i.e. Adhesive bowel obstruction 59(41.3%), intussusception 51 (35.7%), obstructed hernia and worm infestation was found in 23 (16.1%) and 10(7%) children. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that pattern of intestinal obstruction varies at different age groups in terms of etiology. Adhesion was found to be most common cause of intestinal followed by intussusceptions. However, there is a need to conduct more studies using large sample size with multiple study sites in Pakistan to validate these results.
A comparative study of two operative procedures in anterior hypospadias repair: limited urethral mobilization and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty.
Authors: Shafiq ur Rehman  , Fareena Ishtiaq  , Zarlish Fazal  , Muhammad Anwar  , Saad Fazal
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study is aimed to compare the results of limited urethral mobilization and tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in the management of anterior hypospadias, in terms of cosmetic and functional outcomes, complication rate, operative time, and hospital stay. Study Design: Prospective Randomized Controlled study. Settings: Department of Pediatric Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal. Period: January 2019 to December 2020. Material and Methods: A total of 89 patients with anterior hypospadias were included. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. In group A, limited urethral mobilization was performed and in group B, tubularized incised plate urethroplasty was carried out. A self-structured performa was used to collect the data of all patients. Both groups were compared in terms of the operation time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, cosmetic appearance, and functional outcomes. Results: Forty-five patients were included in group A, age ranged from 2.5 to 12 years (mean 4.83years). Forty-four patients were included in group B and their ages ranged from 3.5 to 11years (mean 4.76 years). The operation time was significantly less for group A than for group B. In group A, it ranged from 54 to 69 min with an average time of 60.51 min and in group B from 70 to 88 min, with an average of 79.34 min. The mean hospital stay period in group A was 7.37 days, ranged from 7 to 9 days, and in group B was 11.04 days, ranging from 10 to 13 days. The mean follow-up period in both groups was 7.45 months, ranging from 3 months to 12 months. Meatal stenosis was the most common complication in group A, which developed in 6.66% (n=3) patients. Urethrocutaneous fistula was the most common complication in group B, which developed in 6.81% (n=3) patients. Cosmetic appearance and functional outcome were good and comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Although both techniques, tubularized incised plate and limited urethral mobilization urethroplasty are acceptable modalities for the management of anterior hypospadias. But limited urethral mobilization urethroplasty seems to be a good option due to its simplicity, short hospital stay, significant shorter operative time, low fistula formation rate, and good cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Sistem Penyimpanan Obat di Apotek Kimia Farma GKB
Authors: Putra Ade Seldiano
Published: November 2021

Apotek merupakan salah satu tempat pelayanan bidang kesehatan di Indonesia khususnya dalam melakukan praktik kefarmasian. Penyimpanan obat merupakan suatu kegiatan perawatan serta menyimpan dengan meletakkan obat yang diterima pada tempat yang aman. Penyimpanan yang baik dapat menjadi faktor penentu mutu obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui evaluasi sistem penyimpanan obat di Apotek Kimia Farma GKB berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.73 tahun 2016. Penelitian merupakan jenis penelitian observasional yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung terhadap sistem penyimpanan obat menggunakan lembar observasi dan dilakukan in depth interview kepada Apoteker. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil implementasi penyimpanan obat di Apotek Kimia Farma GKB memiliki persentase yang masuk dalam rentang sangat baik yakni 81% - 100% dengan nilai 100 %. Hal ini menunjukan Apotek Kimia Farma GKB telah memenuhi standar penyimpanan berdasarkan Permenkes No. 73 tahun 2016 tentang standar pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek.
Upaya Memutus Rantai Infeksi Melalui Edukasi Good Hand Hygiene pada Keluarga Penunggu Pasien yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Slamet Garut
Authors: Patimah Iin , Hani Ai , Dewi Astrie , Setiawan Budi , Arumandana Devita
Published: November 2021

Health Care Associated Infection (HAIs) adalah infeksi yang terjadi pada pasien rawat inap di pelayanan kesehatan. HAIs merupakan masalah yang umum ditemukan di berbagai rumah sakit, baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. HAIs berdampak pada penurunan kualitas layanan rumah sakit dan merugikan pada pasiennya sendiri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pencegahan untuk mmutus rantai infeksi. Salah satu upaya pencegahan untuk memutus rantai infeksi yaitu dengan cara melakukan edukasi pada penunggu pasien untuk meningkatkan perilaku yang baik dalam memutus rantai infeksi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada keluarga penunggu pasien tentang pentingnya mencuci tangan dan mengetahui bagaimna langkah mencuci tangan. Metode yang digunakan  adalah penyuluhan langsung bertatap muka dengan keluarga penunggu pasien melalui media power point dan leaflet serta evaluasi berupa instrument pengetahuan tentang cuci tangan yang berjumlah 10 pertanyaan. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa, dari 20 peserta kegiatan, setelah dilakukan edukasi hand hygiene, 15 peserta  menunjukkan  pengetahuan yang baik (75%) dan  5 orang  (25%) dalam kategori pengetahuan cukup. Diperlukan program edukasi yang berkesinambungan kepada setiap pengunjung rumah sakit.
College Comes to High School: Participation and Performance in Tennessee’s Innovative Wave of Dual-Credit Courses
Authors: Hemelt Steven W. , Swiderski Tom
Published: November 2021

We analyze the rollout of a Statewide Dual-Credit (SDC) program intended to expand access to college-level courses during high school. We find that SDC increased early postsecondary course-taking among students in the middle of the achievement distribution, especially through courses in vocational subjects, without decreasing participation in Advanced Placement (AP). However, SDC was mostly offered by schools already providing courses in similar subject areas and was less frequently offered in small relative to large schools, thus doing little to ameliorate placed-based gaps in course-taking opportunities. Furthermore, a majority of students failed the end-of-course exams necessary to secure college credit, and those who passed closely resemble students who pass AP exams. Low SDC exam pass rates predict school-level discontinuation of SDC courses over and above a range of other factors that reflect student demand and staffing capacity.