bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação nutricional dos profissionais do serviço de nutrição e dietética de um hospital terciário de Porto Alegre
Authors: Simon Miriam Isabel Souza dos Santos , Garcia Cynthia Analia , Lino Nídia Daiane , Forte Gabriele Carra , Fontoura Ivete de Deos , Oliveira Ana Beatriz Almeida de
Published: May 2014

Este estudo objetivou identificar o perfil antropométrico e bioquímico e analisar a evolução do ganho de peso dos profissionais do Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética (SND) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Estudo de caráter longitudinal retrospectivo, com 190 funcionários. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado e foram realizadas análises bioquímicas e avaliação antropométrica. Observou-se excesso de peso em 60,8% dos funcionários. O ganho de peso encontrou-se associado ao tempo de serviço, turno de trabalho e prática de atividade física. O estudo demonstrou que 1 ano a mais de trabalho esteve associado ao ganho de peso médio de 500 g, o turno de trabalho com ganho de peso médio de 4 kg e a prática de atividade física com perda de peso médio de 3,3 kg. A associação entre ganho de peso, tempo e turno de trabalho em colaboradores de serviços de nutrição remete à necessidade de criação de programas de educação nutricional que promovam hábitos alimentares saudáveis.
Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the Legal Amazon and Northeast regions, Brazil, 2010
Authors: Neves Alice Cristina Medeiros das , Moura Erly Catarina , Santos Wallace , Carvalho Kênia Mara Baiocchi de
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in children aged less than six months from the Brazilian Legal Amazon and Northeast regions. METHODS: The study used data from a survey that assessed prenatal and infant (<1 year) care in 2010. Sociodemographic, prenatal, delivery, and puerperium care factors with p<0.05 in multivariate analysis were associated with exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS: For both regions, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding decreased with age, which was the main variable associated with early weaning. In the Legal Amazon, exclusive breastfeeding prevailed among: mothers aged 35 years or more; mothers living in state capitals; and mothers who breastfed on the first hour of life. In the Northeast, the probability of exclusive breastfeeding was greater for mothers aged 35 years or more. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were child's and mother's age in both regions; and residence location and breastfeeding in the first hour of life in the Legal Amazon, suggesting the need of differentiated strategies for the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.
Patterns of Storage, Use, and Disposal of Opioids Among Cancer Outpatients
Authors: Reddy Akhila , de la Cruz Maxine , Rodriguez Eden Mae , Thames Jessica , Wu Jimin , Chisholm Gary , Liu Diane , Frisbee-Hume Susan , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Hui David , Cantu Hilda , Marin Alejandra , Gayle Vicki , Shinn Nancy , Xu Angela , Williams Janet , Bruera Eduardo
Published: May 2014

Purpose.

Improper storage, use, and disposal of prescribed opioids can lead to diversion or accidental poisoning. Our objective was to determine the patterns of storage, utilization, and disposal of opioids among cancer outpatients.

Patients and Methods.

We surveyed 300 adult cancer outpatients receiving opioids in our supportive care center and collected information regarding opioid use, storage, and disposal, along with scores on the CAGE (cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener) alcoholism screening questionnaire. Unsafe use was defined as sharing or losing opioids; unsafe storage was defined as storing opioids in plain sight.

Results.

The median age was 57 years. CAGE was positive in 58 of 300 patients (19%), and 26 (9%) had a history of illicit drug use. Fifty-six (19%) stored opioids in plain sight, 208 (69%) kept opioids hidden but unlocked, and only 28 (9%) locked their opioids. CAGE-positive patients (p = .007) and those with a history of illicit drug use (p = .0002) or smoking (p = .03) were more likely to lock their opioids. Seventy-eight (26%) reported unsafe use by sharing (9%) or losing (17%) their opioids. Patients who were never married or single (odds ratio: 2.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.48–5.77; p = .006), were CAGE positive (40% vs. 21%; p = .003), or had a history of illicit drug use (42% vs. 23%; p = .031) were more likely to use opioids unsafely. Overall, 223 of 300 patients (74%) were unaware of proper opioid disposal methods, and 138 (46%) had unused opioids at home.

Conclusion.

A large proportion of cancer patients improperly and unsafely use, store, and dispose of opioids, highlighting the need for establishment of easily accessed patient education and drug take-back programs.
Test and regression analysis on tribological properties of locomotive traction gear materials
Authors: Shi Ying , Yao Yu-peng
Published: May 2014

The effect of load and relative sliding velocity on the tribological properties of locomotive traction gear materials 42CrMo and 17CrNiMo6 was investigated on the basis of pin-on-disk reciprocating friction and wear test. The research showed that load and relative velocity had significant effect on the tribological properties of locomotive traction gear materials. The friction coefficient between friction surfaces decreased and then tended to be stable with increase of load and relative sliding velocity. The friction coefficient expression was put forward by regression analysis and significant test, which lays a theoretical basis for research on the tribological properties of locomotive traction gears. The correctness of the expression was verified by tests.
Bycatch, bait, anglers, and roads: quantifying vector activity and propagule introduction risk across lake ecosystems
Authors: Drake D. Andrew R. , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: May 2014

Long implicated in the invasion process, live‐bait anglers are highly mobile species vectors with frequent overland transport of fishes. To test hypotheses about the role of anglers in propagule transport, we developed a social‐ecological model quantifying the opportunity for species transport beyond the invaded range resulting from bycatch during commercial bait operations, incidental transport, and release to lake ecosystems by anglers. We combined a gravity model with a stochastic, agent‐based simulation, representing a 1‐yr iteration of live‐bait angling and the dynamics of propagule transport at fine spatiotemporal scales (i.e., probability of introducing n propagules per lake per year). A baseline scenario involving round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) indicated that most angling trips were benign; irrespective of lake visitation, anglers failed to purchase and transport propagules (benign trips, median probability P = 0.99912). However, given the large number of probability trials (4.2 million live‐bait angling events per year), even the rarest sequence of events (uptake, movement, and deposition of propagules) is anticipated to occur. Risky trips (modal P = 0.00088 trips per year; ≈1 in 1136) were sufficient to introduce a substantial number of propagules (modal values, Poisson model = 3715 propagules among 1288 lakes per year; zero‐inflated negative binomial model = 6722 propagules among 1292 lakes per year). Two patterns of lake‐specific introduction risk emerged. Large lakes supporting substantial angling activity experienced propagule pressure likely to surpass demographic barriers to establishment (top 2.5% of lakes with modal outcomes of five to 76 propagules per year; 303 high‐risk lakes with three or more propagules per year). Small or remote lakes were less likely to receive propagules; however, most risk distributions were leptokurtic with a long right tail, indicating the rare occurrence of high propagule loads to most waterbodies. Infestation simulations indicated that the number of high‐risk waterbodies could be as great as 1318 (zero‐inflated negative binomial), whereas a 90% reduction in bycatch from baseline would reduce the modal number of high risk lakes to zero. Results indicate that the combination of invasive bycatch and live‐bait anglers warrants management concern as a species vector, but that risk is confined to a subset of individuals and recipient sites that may be effectively managed with targeted strategies.
Getting By After a Loved One’s Death by Homicide: The Relationship Between Case Status, Trauma Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Coping
Authors: Simmons Catherine A. , Duckworth Malissa , Tyler Erica
Published: May 2014

Covictims of homicide are the loved ones of people killed by homicide. As secondary victims, they experience trauma from the crime yet are not the focus of criminal justice system (CJS) processes. The current descriptive-exploratory study seeks to better understand this often hidden population by exploring the relationship between CJS case status, trauma symptoms, life satisfaction, and coping with a group of 137 covictims from the Mid-South region of the United States. Findings indicate that case closure does not resolve trauma symptoms, although symptoms do lessen. In addition, a broad range of helping services and coping strategies are used after the homicide. Some are associated with CJS case status, trauma symptoms, and life satisfaction whereas others are not. These findings highlight important areas for future research.
Sexual Orientation, Child Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization
Authors: Koeppel Maria D. H. , Bouffard Leana
Published: May 2014

Research has consistently found rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in nonheterosexual relationships to be comparable or higher than rates of IPV in heterosexual relationship. Less is understood about the relationship between child abuse, sexual orientation, and IPV victimization. The role of sexual orientation in the relationship between child abuse and IPV victimization is important to consider given research has found higher rates of childhood abuse among nonheterosexual individuals. In addition, the relationship between child abuse victimization and IPV victimization in adulthood has also been documented. This research extends the literature on IPV by comparing child abuse victimization as a predictor for IPV between heterosexual and nonheterosexual IPV victims. Using the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study used logistic regression models to find partial support for the hypothesis that nonheterosexuals who experience child abuse will be more likely to be IPV victims as adults than similarly situated heterosexuals.
Evaluation of Periodontitis and Bone Loss in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Shiwen , Chen Xiaolei , Liu Weiqing , Sun Ningyuan , Guo Yuchen , Dong Yuliang , Mo Anchun , Yuan Quan
Published: May 2014

Background: Chronic kidney disease has been a worldwide public health challenge and also a risk factor for oral health. The objectives of this study are to investigate the periodontal status in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and assess periodontal bone loss (BL) using cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT).

Methods: The patients in the HD and control groups received periodontal and CBCT examinations in the same period. Age, sex, and HD details were obtained from a hospital database. Periodontal status was evaluated using the community periodontal index (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (AL). Periodontal BL was measured by the distance from the cemento‐enamel junction to the alveolar crest using CBCT. The distance between the furcation upper and lower boundaries was considered the furcation defect.

Results: One hundred two patients undergoing HD and 204 control patients were enrolled. As for the demographic data and number of remaining teeth for each patient, there was no significant difference between HD and control groups. The CPI and AL showed statistical differences (P <0.001). The results of periodontal BL indicated that the patients undergoing HD had significantly more BL at their mandibular first premolars and first molars than did patients in the control group (P <0.01) at every site except the disto‐buccal one (P <0.05). As for the furcation defects, the distance for the patients undergoing HD was nearly double that of the patients in the control group (P <0.001).

Conclusion: Compared with the generally healthy population, periodontitis and periodontal BL were significantly more severe in the Chinese patients undergoing HD.
Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease Measures in Postmenopausal Women: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Williams AnnaLynn M. , Genco Robert J. , Andrews Christopher A. , Hovey Kathy M. , Millen Amy E. , Browne Richard W. , Trevisan Maurizio , Wactawski‐Wende Jean
Published: May 2014

Background: The objective of this study is to characterize the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis in women, for which there is limited evidence.

Methods: Cross‐sectional associations between MetS and periodontitis were examined in 657 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years enrolled in a periodontal disease study ancillary to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Whole‐mouth measures of alveolar crest height (ACH), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque and measures to define MetS using National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were from a clinical examination. Study outcomes were defined as: 1) mean ACH ≥3 mm, two sites ≥5 mm, or tooth loss to periodontitis; 2) ≥2 sites with CAL ≥6 mm and ≥1 site with PD ≥5 mm; 3) gingival bleeding at ≥50% of sites; and 4) supragingival plaque at ≥50% of sites. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: In unadjusted analyses, MetS (prevalence: 25.6%) was significantly associated with supragingival plaque (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.50) and non‐significantly associated with periodontitis defined by ACH (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.85) and gingival bleeding (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.77). Adjustment for age, smoking, and other confounders attenuated observed associations, though supragingival plaque remained significant (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.16; P = 0.049). MetS was not associated with periodontitis defined by CAL and PD.

Conclusions: A consistent association between MetS and measures of periodontitis was not seen in this cohort of postmenopausal women. An association between MetS and supragingival plaque requires further investigation.
Preparation of carboxymethyl-quaternized oligochitosan and its scale inhibition and antibacterial activity
Authors: Zhang Hui-xin , Sun Dong-xue , Zhu Yu-chao , Yang Ting-ru , Jin Xiu-hong , Wang Feng
Published: May 2014

Carboxymethyl-quaternized oligochitosan (CMQAOC) was prepared through carboxymethylization and N-quaternization of oligochitosan (OC) which was obtained from chitosan degradation. The structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-NMR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The performances for both scale and microbial inhibition of CMQAOC were evaluated by static test and culture flask method, respectively. The results showed that the scale inhibition rate for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate scale were both beyond 80% with a CMQAOC dosage of 20 mg/L. With a degree of substitution for quaternary ammonia of up to 0.74, the killing rate for saprophytic bacteria and sulfate-reducting bacteria was 98.9 and 100%, respectively. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) of CMQAOC was 0.45, showing that CMQAOC is as biodegradable as OC.
Treatment of municipal landfill leachate using magnetic porous ceramsite carrier
Authors: Cheng Yue , Guo Lei
Published: May 2014

In this study, porous ceramsite carrier was modified using magnetic material as raw material. The magnetic porous ceramsite carrier was applied to the treatment of municipal landfill leachate. The results showed that the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N and Cr6+ in the supernatant were all more than 90% after 30 days with the aeration rate of 3 L/h, the aeration time of 16 h/d and the temperature of 20–30 °C. The output concentration met the national life Landfill Pollution Control Standard (PR China GB16889-2008) requirements. The magnetic properties significantly improved the carrier biofilm formation, compared with the conventional activated sludge process and non-magnetic carrier. The COD, NH3-N and Cr6+ removal efficiency were 5–10%, 5–7% and 5–10%, respectively.
The Biomechanical Effect of Loading Speed on Metal-on-UHMWPE Contact Mechanics
Authors: Zdero Radovan , Bagheri Zahra S , Rezaey Mojtaba , Schemitsch Emil H , Bougherara Habiba
Published: May 2014

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a material commonly used in total hip and knee joint replacements. Numerous studies have assessed the effect of its viscoelastic properties on phenomena such as creep, stress relaxation, and tensile stress. However, these investigations either use the complex 3D geometries of total hip and knee replacements or UHMWPE test objects on their own. No studies have directly measured the effect of vertical load application speed on the contact mechanics of a metal sphere indenting UHMWPE. To this end, a metal ball was used to apply vertical force to a series of UHMWPE flat plate specimens over a wide range of loading speeds, namely, 1, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mm/min. Pressure sensitive Fujifilm was placed at the interface to measure contact area. Experimental results showed that maximum contact force ranged from 3596 to 4520 N and was logarithmically related (R2=0.96) to loading speed. Average contact area ranged from 76.5 to 79.9 mm2 and was linearly related (R2=0.56) to loading speed. Average contact stress ranged from 45.1 to 58.2 MPa and was logarithmically related (R2=0.95) to loading speed. All UHMWPE specimens displayed a circular area of permanent surface damage, which did not disappear with time. This study has practical implications for understanding the contact mechanics of hip and knee replacements for a variety of activities of daily living.
Do We Need Radiological Guidance for Intra-Articular Hip Injections?
Authors: Singh Jagwant , Khan Wasim S , Marwah Simrat , Wells Gareth , Tannous Dina K , Sharma Hemant K
Published: May 2014

There is still a debate as to whether radiological guidance is needed for intra-articular hip injections. The aim of this study was to evaluate correct needle positioning for the hip joint performed with a non-radiological method and confirmed on arthrogram under image intensifier.

Patients listed for diagnostic and therapeutic hip joint injections were included in our study. Eighty seven patients (100 hips) underwent injections with the non-radiological method using anatomical landmarks. Fluoroscopy and arthrogram were then used to confirm the needle position. The primary outcome measure was the success rate of correct positioning of the needle in hip joint by the non-radiological method, as confirmed on arthrogram under image intensifier. The secondary outcome measures were relationship between the grade of the surgeon and patient BMI to success rate of hip injections by the non-radiological method.

Overall success rate with the non-radiological method was 67%. Consultants were 77.1% successful and registrars 57.7% (P = 0.039). The average body mass index (BMI) in the successful group was 28.45 (SD = 5.21) and 32.03 (SD = 4.84) in the unsuccessful group (p=0.001). Success was further improved to 88% when performed by a consultant in low BMI (< 30) patients.

This prospective study shows that hip injections can be performed with reasonable success without radiological guidance. Experienced surgeons may be able to perform this procedure in outpatient clinics in normal BMI patients; thereby reducing costs and the need for bed space.
Environmental Standard, Quality Improvement, and Technology Transfer
Authors: Chang Ming-Chung , Pan Ching-Ti
Published: May 2014

With technology licensing on quality innovation becoming a general phenomenon in the industry, this study
focuses on the impact of quality improvement under different environmental standards. We established a three-country
model to analyze the actions taken by the domestic firm located in the home country with high quality technology, the
foreign firm located in the foreign country with low quality technology, and the products they export to the third country.
The importing country also decides on an environmental standard for reducing environmental pollution. Our major
findings are: (1) A less strict environmental standard is preferable for the third country government in the beginning, but
the government will become stricter with the increasing substitution of products in the long term. (2) In the aspect of
licensing, the higher quality firm tends to provide an option to draw up a royalty licensing contract rather than a fixed-fee
licensing contract. (3) The social welfare of the high quality firm is always higher than that of the low quality firm, but it
will decrease with the increasing substitution of products. Coming from the increasing substitution of products, the excess
profit that is created for the low quality firm is used as a cost for pollution abatement. Therefore, the social welfare of the
foreign country does not change when the substitution of product changes. This model fully illustrates the real case of
mainland China and enriches the field of technology licensing on quality innovation.

JEL Codes: L11, L51, O13.
Building ontologies for different natural languages
Authors: Alatrish Emhimed , Tosic Dusan , Milenkovic Nikola
Published: May 2014

Ontology construction of a certain domain is an important step in applying
the Semantic web. A number of software tools adapted for building domain
ontologies of most wide-spread natural languages are available, but
accomplishing that for any given natural language presents a challenge. Here
we propose a semi-automatic procedure to create ontologies for different
natural languages. Our approach utilizes various software tools available on
the Internet most notably DODDLE-OWL - a domain ontology development tool
implemented for English and Japanese languages. By using this tool, WordNet,
Prot?g? and XSLT transformations, we propose a general procedure to
construct domain ontology for any natural language.
Students in Space: Student Practices in Non-Traditional Classrooms
Authors: Chapman Amy , Randell-Moon Holly , Campbell Matthew , Drew Christopher
Published: May 2014

The discourse of the non-traditional classroom has found itself fundamentally intertwined with the rationalities of creating learning relevant for the future-orientated twenty-first century. In such an imaginary the idea of the conventional classroom – with its four walls, blackboard, ‘closed’ door, teacher-centred pedagogy and student learning conceptualised through the logics of the industrial era – is being renegotiated. This article focuses on an empirical examination of some of the changes to student classroom practice enabled by the material conditions of non-traditional learning spaces. In particular, it highlights the ways in which non-traditional learning spaces have become complex settings through which students negotiate increased learner autonomy, co-operative learning, acceptable classroom behaviour and fluid relations with teachers and peers. The article presents a discussion of the discourse of ‘twenty-first-century learning’ and focuses on non-traditional classrooms as an example of a localised expression of this discourse, supported by ethnographic data generated from field visits to three primary schools in Sydney, Australia to explore student practices enabled by such spaces.
From Little Things Big Things Grow: Creating Lifelong Responsive Musical Experiences
Authors: Klopper Christopher
Published: May 2014

The Australian story of the Gurindji strike pertains to a seven-year protest by the Gurindji people, led by elder Vincent Lingaiari, demanding a return of Indigenous land that had been placed under the control of pastoralists from the late 1800s. The story of their struggle was captured by the composers Kev Carmody and Paul Kelly in 1993 in a song titled From Little Things Big Things Grow – which relates the story in terms of Australian popular ideals of mateship, courage, the battler, a fair go, the underdog getting one over on the powerful and a happy ending where the hero wins. This article uses the song by Carmody and Kelly as a metaphor for considering recent international research in musical education, music teaching and learning processes. Specifically, the author is interested in how current research captures the musical experiences of children, teachers and parents in a multiplicity of educational settings to create lifelong responsive musical experiences. Drawing on themes from the Carmody and Kelly song, in dialogue with recent international research in the field of music education, he illuminates how the master-apprenticeship relationship of interdependence, courage, commitment and access offers the potential for a happy ending where music education is the hero.
Comparison of the nutrient composition of commercial dog milk replacers with that of dog milk
Authors: Heinze Cailin R. , Freeman Lisa M. , Martin Camilia R. , Power Michael L. , Fascetti Andrea J.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To compare the nutrient composition of commercially available dog milk replacers with that of dog milk.

Design—Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Sample—5 dog milk samples and 15 samples of commercial dog milk replacers.

Procedures—Dog milk and milk replacers were analyzed for concentrations of total protein, essential amino acids, sugars, total fat, essential fatty acids, calcium, and phosphorus. Energy density was calculated. Results from milk replacers were compared with the range of the concentration of each nutrient in milk samples from mature dogs as well as the National Research Council (NRC) recommendations for puppy growth.

Results—Milk replacers varied widely in caloric density and concentration of nutrients such as calcium, protein, and fat. Calcium concentration was lower in 14 of 15 milk replacers than in the dog milk samples. Docosahexaenoic acid was undetectable in 12 of 15 milk replacers but present in all dog milk samples. All milk replacers had numerous essential nutrients outside of the range of the dog milk samples, and many had concentrations of amino acids, essential fatty acids, calcium, and phosphorus less than the NRC minimal requirement or recommended allowance. Compared with NRC recommendations, some dog milk samples had concentrations of total protein, linoleic acid, calcium, or phosphorus less than the recommended allowance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that there was substantial variation in nutrient composition of 15 dog milk replacers and that some products were closer approximations of dog milk than others. Nearly all products would benefit from more appropriate calcium, amino acids, and essential fatty acids concentrations and better feeding directions.
Cutaneous lymphoma of the tarsus in cats: 23 cases (2000–2012)
Authors: Burr Holly D. , Keating John H. , Clifford Craig A. , Burgess Kristine E.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To determine features of lymphoma of the tarsus in cats.

Design—Multi-institutional retrospective study.

Animals—23 cats with cutaneous lymphoma of the tarsus.

Procedures—Veterinary oncologists were requested to submit cases fitting the following criteria: histologically or cytologically confirmed lymphoma with a location at or near the tarsus and described as subcutaneous or mass-like. Data regarding breed, sex, age, FeLV and FIV status, and reason for evaluation were collected. Results of staging tests, location of the tumor, immunophenotype, and histopathologic description were recorded. Type of treatments, outcome, survival time, presence or absence of progressive disease, and cause of death or reason for euthanasia were also recorded.

Results—Most cats were older, with a median age of 12 years (range, 7 to 18 years). No association with positive retroviral status was found. Popliteal lymph node involvement at diagnosis was reported in 5 cats, and a suspicion of lymphoma at a different site on the basis of results of abdominal ultrasonography was reported in 4 cats. Treatments were variable and included corticosteroids alone (n = 2), chemotherapy (9), radiation and chemotherapy (7), or surgery with or without chemotherapy (5). Thirteen cats were reported to have lymphoma at a different site at the time of last follow-up, death, or euthanasia. Median survival time for all cats in the study was 190 days (range, 17 to 1,011 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that tarsal lymphoma is an uncommon manifestation of lymphoma in cats, and in this study was most commonly nonepitheliotropic and of high grade as determined on histologic evaluation. Systemic involvement was identified; therefore, thorough staging is recommended prior to initiating treatment. Future studies are warranted to evaluate effective treatment protocols.
Predictive modeling for preventive Archaeology: overview and case study
Authors: Danese Maria , Masini Nicola , Biscione Marilisa , Lasaponara Rosa
Published: May 2014

The use of GIS and Spatial Analysis for predictive models is an important topic in preventive archaeology. Both of these tools play an important role in the Support Decision System (SDS) for archaeological research and for providing information useful to reduce archaeological risk. Over the years, a number of predictive models in the GIS environment have been developed and proposed. The existing models substantially differ from each other in methodological approaches and parameters used for performing the analysis. Until now, only few works consider spatial autocorrelation, which can provide more effective results. This paper provides a brief review of the existing predictive models, and then proposes a new methodological approach, applied to the neolithic sites in the Apulian Tavoliere (Southern Italy), that combines traditional techniques with methods that allow us to include spatial autocorrelation analysis to take into account the spatial relationships among the diverse sites.
Influence of the spatial resolution of satellite-derived vegetation parameters on the biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emission modeling
Authors: Silveira Carlos , Tchepel Oxana
Published: May 2014

Vegetation is a natural source of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The main objective of the current study is to implement a model to quantify process-based VOC emissions from plants that focuses on the relationship between the sensitivity of VOC emission estimates to spatial resolution data, based on scientific knowledge and vegetation dynamics derived from satellite observations. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) were elected to examine this issue using different resolutions of satellite-derived products: 22m from the DEIMOS-1 satellite, and 250m and 1000m provided by MODIS. The study is focused on an area of 80×80km2 in Portugal for 2011. Detailed land cover and meteorological data are also included in the emission quantification algorithm. The primary outcomes were determined using a multi-scale analysis showing spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation parameters and modeling results. The results confirm that the emissions model is highly sensitive to the spatial resolution of the satellite-derived data, resulting in about a 30% difference in total isoprene emissions for the study area.
NHC-Boranes: Air- and Water-tolerant Co-initiators for Type II Photopolymerizations
Authors: Lacôte Emmanuel , Curran Dennis P. , Lalevée Jacques
Published: May 2014

N-Hetereocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of boranes are stable compounds that can be used as co-initiators for the type II photopolymerization of acrylates. The present account summarizes this new development for polymerization and boron chemistry. In particular, NHC-boranes are air-
and water-tolerant, which enhances the practicality of the photopolymerizations.
Translating Anne Frank's Het Achterhuis
Authors: Schroth Simone
Published: May 2014

This article presents a comparative analysis of six translations of Anne Frank's Het Achterhuis into German, English, and French. This includes the history of its editions from the first Dutch edition published in 1947 to the 1986 critical edition of the Diaries and later Het Achterhuis editions. The translation analysis focuses on aspects related to the cultural and historical context, e.g. the use of annotations and the representation of anti-German comments made by Anne Frank. With regard to the latter, the first translation into German (1950) is partly re-assessed: not all these comments were eliminated or toned down by the translator Anneliese Schütz, who worked in close co-operation with Anne Frank's father Otto Frank.
Uncertainty and the Development of Evidence-Based Guidelines
Authors: Van Loon Esther , Bal Roland
Published: May 2014

This article explores how developers address uncertainty in the creation of an evidence-based guideline (EBG). As the aim of an EBG is to assist healthcare practitioners in situations of doubt, it is easy to assume that uncertainty has no place in guidelines. However, as we discovered, guideline development does not ignore uncertainty but seeks to accept it while establishing credible recommendations for healthcare. Dealing with omissions in knowledge, ignorance, or challenges in valuating different sorts of knowledge form the core of the work of guideline developers. Interviewing guideline developers, we found three types of valuation work: classifying studies, grading types of knowledge, and involving expertise and clinical practice. These methods have consequences for the credibility, and amount and kind of uncertainty EBGs can include.
Valuation Studies: A Collaborative Valuation in Practice
Authors: Haywood Gordon , Nilsson Johan , Franklin Michael , Gilbert Paul , Johansson Krafve Linus , Lindén Lisa , MacGillivray Mark , Meckin Robert
Published: May 2014

This discussion note provides a perspective on valuation studies by a group of PhD students. Based on impressions from the Valuation as Practice workshop at The University of Edinburgh in early 2014 we were inspired by the example of Kjellberg et al. (2013) to debate how we see, understand, and are inspired by the field of valuation studies. It is the hope of the editors that sharing the concerns of early-stage researchers starting out in a field in flux, may be of use to, and perhaps spur, senior contributors to further develop this emerging research landscape. Using the workshop experience as a springboard, we argue that the domain of valuation studies still relies heavily on influences from the study of economics, with a strong emphasis on processes of quantification and calculation. With apparent pragmatism within the field, concern as to what might be lost by this narrower perspective is raised. Additionally, we call for the exploration of the possibility of a common language of valuation, to better define shared features, and identify as well as manage conflicts within the field.
Sensitivity Analysis of 3D Individual Tree Detection from LiDAR Point Clouds of Temperate Forests
Authors: Yao Wei , Krull Jan , Krzystek Peter , Heurich Marco
Published: May 2014

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sampling or full-area coverage is deemed as favorable means to achieve timely and robust characterizations of forests. Recently, a 3D segmentation approach was developed for extracting single trees from LiDAR data. However, key parameters for modules used in the strategy had to be empirically determined. This paper highlights a comprehensive study for the sensitivity analysis of 3D single tree detection from airborne LiDAR data. By varying key parameters, their influences on results are to be quantified. The aim of the study is to enlighten the optimal combination of parameter values towards new applications. For the experiment, a number of sample plots from two temperate forest sites in Europe were selected. LiDAR data with a point density of 25 pts/m2 over the first site in the Bavarian forest national park were captured with under both leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Moreover, a Riegl scanner was used to acquire data over the Austrian Alps forest with four-fold point densities of 5 pts/m2, 10 pts/m2, 15 pts/m2 and 20 pts/m2, respectively, under leaf-off conditions. The study results proved the robustness and efficiency of the 3D segmentation approach. Point densities larger than 10 pts/m2 did not seem to significantly contribute to the improvement in the performance of 3D tree detection. The performance of the approach can be further examined and improved by optimizing the parameter settings with respect to different data properties and forest structures.
Wood Density-Climate Relationships Are Mediated by Dominance Class in Black Spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)
Authors: Xiang Wei , Auty David , Franceschini Tony , Leitch Mathew , Achim Alexis
Published: May 2014

The relationships between climate and wood density components, i.e., minimum ring density, maximum ring density and mean ring density have been studied mainly in dominant trees. However, the applicability of the findings to trees of other dominance classes is unclear. The aim of this study was to address whether climate differentially influences wood density components among dominance classes. X-ray densitometry data was obtained from 72 black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees harvested in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Dominant, co-dominant and intermediate trees were sampled and the data analysed using mixed-effect modelling techniques. For each density component, models were first fitted to the pooled data using ring width and cambial age as predictors, before monthly climatic variables were integrated into the models. Then, separate models were fitted to the data from each dominance class. In general, the addition of climatic factors led to a small but significant improvement in model performance. The predicted historical trends were well synchronized with the observed data. Our results indicate that trees from all dominance classes in a stand should be sampled in order to fully characterize wood density-climate relationships.
GWAS to Sequencing: Divergence in Study Design and Analysis
Authors: King Christopher , Nicolae Dan
Published: May 2014

The success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in uncovering genetic risk factors for complex traits has generated great promise for the complete data generated by sequencing. The bumpy transition from GWAS to whole-exome or whole-genome association studies (WGAS) based on sequencing investigations has highlighted important differences in analysis and interpretation. We show how the loss in power due to the allele frequency spectrum targeted by sequencing is difficult to compensate for with realistic effect sizes and point to study designs that may help. We discuss several issues in interpreting the results, including a special case of the winner’s curse. Extrapolation and prediction using rare SNPs is complex, because of the selective ascertainment of SNPs in case-control studies and the low amount of information at each SNP, and naive procedures are biased under the alternative. We also discuss the challenges in tuning gene-based tests and accounting for multiple testing when genes have very different sets of SNPs. The examples we emphasize in this paper highlight the difficult road we must travel for a two-letter switch.
Global Research on Smoking and Pregnancy—A Scientometric and Gender Analysis
Authors: Mund Mathias , Kloft Beatrix , Bundschuh Matthias , Klingelhoefer Doris , Groneberg David , Gerber Alexander
Published: May 2014

The exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy is considered to be amongst the most harmful avoidable risk factors. In this scientometric and gender study scientific data on smoking and pregnancy was analyzed using a variety of objective scientometric methods like the number of scientific contributions, the number of citations and the modified h-index in combination with gender-specific investigations. Covering a time period from 1900 to 2012, publishing activities of 27,955 authors, institutions and countries, reception within the international scientific community and its reactions were analyzed and interpreted. Out of 10,043 publications the highest number of scientific works were published in the USA (35.5%), followed by the UK (9.9%) and Canada (5.3%). These nations also achieve the highest modified h-indices of 128, 79 and 62 and the highest citation rates of 41.4%, 8.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Out of 12,596 scientists 6,935 are female (55.1%), however they account for no more than 49.7% of publications (12,470) and 42.8% of citations (172,733). The highest percentage of female experts about smoking and pregnancy is found in Australasia (60.7%), while the lowest is found in Asia (41.9%). The findings of the study indicate an increase in gender equality as well as in quantity and quality of international scientific research about smoking and pregnancy in the future.
Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives of the Noyori-Ikariya Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines
Authors: Václavík Jiří , Šot Petr , Pecháček Jan , Vilhanová Beáta , Matuška Ondřej , Kuzma Marek , Kačer Petr
Published: May 2014

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of imines catalyzed by the Noyori-Ikariya [RuCl(η6-arene)(N-arylsulfonyl-DPEN)] (DPEN = 1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-diamine) half-sandwich complexes is a research topic that is still being intensively developed. This article focuses on selected aspects of this catalytic system. First, a great deal of attention is devoted to the N-arylsulfonyl moiety of the catalysts in terms of its interaction with protonated imines (substrates) and amines (components of the hydrogen-donor mixture). The second part is oriented toward the role of the η6-coordinated arene. The final part concerns the imine substrate structural modifications and their importance in connection with ATH. Throughout the text, the summary of known findings is complemented with newly-presented ones, which have been approached both experimentally and computationally.
A Compact Microelectrode Array Chip with Multiple Measuring Sites for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Dimaki Maria , Vergani Marco , Heiskanen Arto , Kwasny Dorota , Sasso Luigi , Carminati Marco , Gerrard Juliet , Emneus Jenny , Svendsen Winnie
Published: May 2014

In this paper we demonstrate the fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a microchip with 12 identical but individually addressable electrochemical measuring sites, each consisting of a set of interdigitated electrodes acting as a working electrode as well as two circular electrodes functioning as a counter and reference electrode in close proximity. The electrodes are made of gold on a silicon oxide substrate and are passivated by a silicon nitride membrane. A method for avoiding the creation of high edges at the electrodes (known as lift-off ears) is presented. The microchip design is highly symmetric to accommodate easy electronic integration and provides space for microfluidic inlets and outlets for integrated custom-made microfluidic systems on top.
Les salariés du secteur associatif sont-ils davantage intrinsèquement motivés que ceux du secteur privé ?
Authors: Narcy Mathieu
Published: May 2014

The nonprofit sector differs from the for-profit sector both in its more socially-oriented goals and in its different entrepreneurship methods. It may therefore appeal to workers whose job choices are guided by non-monetary considerations. Nonprofit organizations may thus attract more intrinsically motivated workers than for-profit firms. Our empirical analysis uses the French Labor-Force Survey. The results show that nonprofit workers – unlike for-profit workers – deliberately agree to work for lower wages than they could have obtained in the for-profit sector. These results therefore suggest that nonprofit workers report higher levels of intrinsic motivation than their for-profit counterparts.
Un indicateur probabiliste du cycle d’accélération pour l’économie française
Authors: Adanero-Donderis Marie , Darné Olivier , Ferrara Laurent
Published: May 2014

Cet article présente un indicateur probabiliste du cycle d’accélération (IPCA) développé par la Banque de France, afin de détecter, sur un rythme mensuel, les points de retournement du cycle d’accélération de l’activité économique française. Cet indicateur est construit à partir d’un modèle à changements de régime markoviens et utilise comme information les enquêtes mensuelles dans l’industrie publiées par la Banque de France. Une validation en quasi temps réel depuis 1998 de cet indicateur souligne son utilité pour le diagnostic conjoncturel. Cet indicateur fournit une information qualitative supplémentaire par rapport aux traditionnels outils quantitatifs d’estimation du taux de croissance du PIB.
Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), un naturaliste parmi les mots
Authors: Archaimbault Sylvie
Published: May 2014

The aim of this paper is to study the Russian transposition of the lexical/ vocabulary items of the first edition (1786-1787) of Pallas’s multilingual dictionary. The transcription method is analyzed for four different languages, German, English, Spanish and French, with the assumption that the results can be extrapolated to other languages. A specific transcription system was devised for each language, according to its own system ( ?) and its linguistic and cultural proximity to Russia. Each transcription system is characterized by a dominant feature, which is either transliteration based on written forms, or phonetic transcription, but in either case, there is no great consistency (as in of application of system, or selection of one of the two methods ? ?). Yet these compromises represent a significant step leading to the current Russian system for transcribing foreign words
Le russe comme métalangage : transcription et translittération en alphabet cyrillique dans dans le Linguarum totius orbis vocabularia comparativa
Authors: Comtet Roger
Published: May 2014

Cet article étudie la transposition en russe des vocables de la première édition de 1787-1789 du dictionnaire plurilingue de Pallas. La méthode est analysée à partir de quatre langues, allemand, anglais, espagnol et français, en admettant que les résultats ainsi obtenus pourraient être extrapolés à l’ensemble. Il apparaît ainsi que chaque langue a fait l’objet d’un traitement spécifique selon son système et sa proximité linguistique et culturelle avec le monde russe. Ces facteurs font que chaque transposition présente une dominante, translittération basée sur l’écrit, ou transcription phonétique, sans que l’on puisse parler d’un tableau parfaitement cohérent et rigoureux. Ces compromis marquent cependant une étape importante dans la fixation de l’usus russe de la transcription des mots étrangers en russe.