bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of victimization and the internet abuse in student population
Authors: Baltezarevic Vesna , Baltezarevic Radoslav , Baltezarevic Borivoje
Published: March 2017

The use of modern information technology has contributed to the creation of
new media and virtual tools that contribute to mass social interaction. The
Internet has enabled networking communicator, associating in virtual
communities and the creation of parallel communication space. However,
despite all the good things they bring with them, new technologies are
leading to the emergence of various forms of victimization in the virtual
space. The ability to communicate anonymously or through a fictitious
identity on the new media platforms created a favorable climate for the
operation of the ?dark side? of the Internet. Violence on the Internet, known
as the cyberbullying is becoming a topic for many researchers mainly focusing
on research and description of the phenomenon in adolescent population. The
paper aims to examine the theoretical aspects of cyberbullying and to present
the existing research, as well as the results of the pilot research work on
the social networks behavior of final year students of the Faculty of Culture
and Media, conducted by the authors. The paper shows that violence on the
Internet exists in this part of the student population.
The reaction to femicide in criminal law
Authors: Batricevic Ana
Published: March 2017

Misogynous and sexist violence against women, which often results in death,
represents a global problem. Numerous international and national legal
instruments are dedicated to the prevention and sanctioning of violence
against women. However, the reality implies that existing mechanisms of penal
reaction to femicide, as its most extreme and brutal form, should be
re-examined. Having in mind the frequency and severe consequences of this
criminal offence and the discriminatory character of the message that the
state sends by tolerating it or inadequately punishing its perpetrators, the
author attempts to define femicide, to present basic forms of state reaction
to femicide in comparative law as well as to analyze the features of femicide
as an independent criminal offence. Arguing for the incrimination of femicide
as an independent criminal offence, or as a special form of aggravated
murder, the author points out that such solution could contribute to more
precise observation of this form of crime, to a better estimation of the
quality of the state? s reaction to it and to its more efficient suppression.
Cinematic narratives of Sonderkommando: Son of saul or narrating the victim, perpetrator, trauma and death
Authors: Dakovic Nevena
Published: March 2017

The aim of this paper is to map out - by analysing the film Son of Saul, but
also by its comparison with two other films dealing with the topic,
Himmelkommando and The Grey Zone, the narrative mechanism that satisfies the
complex ethical and aesthetical demands imposed by the theme of
Sonderkommando as the particular episode of the Holocaust. The key element of
the narrative structure is the construction of the Levi?s ?dead and drowned?
witness who ?resurrected? through the narrative intervention becomes the only
reliable and credible narrator of the historical trauma. The prerequisite for
his emergence is the narration and representation of the death which makes
but also solves the traumatised - understood as multiple, fragmented, opposed
- identities of the members of the special squad. Their entangled identity
involves the simultaneous presence of a victim, perpetrator, witness and the
authentic narrator of the trauma of the death camp. The death of the
perpetrator is the condition sina qua non for the emergence of the figure of
the victim-witness narrator but also for making of narrative which overcomes
the initial trauma of the Holocaust. The detailed analysis of the film Son of
Saul confirms and identifies these narratives as the modernist narration of
the post-traumatic film.
Proximal Tubulopathy: Prime Mover and Key Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gilbert Richard E.
Published: March 2017

The current view of diabetic kidney disease, based on meticulously acquired ultrastructural morphometry and the utility of measuring plasma creatinine and urinary albumin, has been almost entirely focused on the glomerulus. While clearly of great importance, changes in the glomerulus are not the major determinant of renal prognosis in diabetes and may not be the primary event in the development of diabetic kidney disease either. Indeed, advances in biomarker discovery and a greater appreciation of tubulointerstitial histopathology and the role of tubular hypoxia in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease have given us pause to reconsider the current “glomerulocentric” paradigm and focus attention on the proximal tubule that by virtue of the high energy requirements and reliance on aerobic metabolism render it particularly susceptible to the derangements of the diabetic state. Such findings raise important issues for therapeutic advances specifically targeting the pathophysiological perturbations that develop in this part of the nephron.
HERPETOFAUNA DIVERSITY OF UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK AN INVENTORY RESULT IN 1990
Authors: Kurniati Hellen , Crampton William , Goodwin Anna , Lockett Andrew , Sinkins Steven
Published: March 2017

A seven week study of the Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java, Indonesia was conducted between July 29 and 17 September 1990. The purpose of the study was to compile an inventory of the reptile and amphibian species present in the National Park. 14 Anura, 16 Lacertilia, 17 Ophidian, 2 Testudinta and one Crocodile species were identified. Two Lacertilia, one Testudinata and 10 Ophidiasprecies are new record for the park. A tentative comparison was made between our result and a study of the region by Martens (1957) in 1955 and 1956. Management suggestion for the conservation of herpetofauna of Ujung Kulon National Park are discussed along with suggestion for further research.
MENYIAPKAN MEDIA TUNGGAL UNTUK DROSOPHILLA SECARA ALAMI
Authors: Seregeg G Wayan , Susantini Endang , Rianawati Ita Ayu
Published: March 2017

Preparing some media for Drosophilla in Indonesia both for research and education is still facing a big problem. Importing them from some advanced countries needs a big money, spare time, and great effort. Besides, the medium arrival in Indonesia is not always on time scheduled. Naturally, the food for Drosophilla is the fruits which have fragrant smell and sweet. The problem is that the fruit becomes damaged and covered with mold in a very short time, i.e. 5-7 days while the life cycle of Drosophilla takes 10-12 days. The natural media can be made durable if they are supplemented with some preservative. But, the new trouble arises, that is the lack of preventives availabilities. This study aims at preparing some single media naturally which are easily gained, cheap, natural (without preservative) but durable. The method of preparation is very simple. That is, take one ripe fruit, grinderred it, then put it into the bottle. That is meant by the natural single medium. The research result are as follows: (1) the pineapple (medium) lats 43-46 days; (2) black rise œtape? (fermented food) 31-33 days; (3) white rise œtape? 29-31 days; (4) white cassava œtape? 28-30 days and yellow cassava œtape? 20-25 days. It can be concluded that the pineapple medium and the naturally fermented media are durable.
RFID Mutual Authentication Protocols based on Gene Mutation and Transfer
Authors: V. Sampangi Raghav , Sampalli Srinivas
Published: March 2017

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that is very popular due to the simplicity in its technology and high adaptability in a variety of areas. The simplicity in the technology, however, comes with a caveat – RFID tags have severe resource restrictions, which make them vulnerable to a range of security attacks. Such vulnerability often results in the loss of privacy of the tag owner and other attacks on tags. Previous research in RFID security has mainly focused on authenticating entities such as readers / servers, which communicate with the tag. Any security mechanism is only as strong as the encryption keys used. Since RFID communication is wireless, critical messages such as key exchange messages are vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, we present a mutual authentication protocol that relies on independent generation and dynamic updates of encryption keys thereby removing the need for key exchange, which is based on the concept of gene mutation and transfer. We also present an enhanced version of this protocol, which improves the security offered by the first protocol. The novelty of the proposed protocols is in the independent generation, dynamic and continuous updates of encryption keys and the use of the concept of gene mutation / transfer to offer mutual authentication of the communicating entities. The proposed protocols are validated by simulation studies and security analysis.
Indoor Localization by using Particle Filtering Approach with Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Koyuncu Hakan , Çevik Ahmet
Published: March 2017

Jennic type wireless sensor nodes are utilized together with a novel particle filtering technique for indoor localization. Target objects are localized with an accuracy of around 0.25 meters. The proposed technique introduces a new particle generation and distribution technique to improve current estimation of object positions. Particles are randomly distributed around the object in the sensing area within a circular strip of 2 STD of object distance measurements. Particle locations are related to object locations by using Gaussian weight distribution methods. Object distances from the transmitters are determined by using received RSSI values and ITU-R indoor propagation model. Measured object distances are used together with the particle distances from the transmitters to predict the object locations.
Performance Evaluation of an Energy-Efficient MAC Scheduler by using a Test Bed Approach
Authors: Alessandrelli Daniele , Mainetti Luca , Patrono Luigi , Pellerano Giovanni , Petracca Matteo , Stefanizzi Maria Laura
Published: March 2017

A Wireless Sensor Network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that are usually battery powered and deployed in large areas in which changing or recharging batteries may be impractical or completely unfeasible. Therefore, energy efficiency represents one of the main design objectives for these networks. Since most of the energy is consumed by the radio communication, the development of Medium Access Control protocols able to minimize the radio energy consumption is a very attractive research area. This paper presents an energy efficient communication protocol and its implementation in the Contiki Operating System. The performances and the portability of the proposed solution are thoroughly evaluated by means of both simulations, carried out using the Contiki simulation tools (i.e., Cooja and MPSim), and test beds based on two different platforms. Obtained results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the sensor nodes power consumption compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard solution already implemented in Contiki.
Performance of Multiple-Antennas in ISO 18000-7 Standard with Using Limited Feedback Schemes
Authors: Ekşim Ali
Published: March 2017

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a pervasive wireless technology to automatically identify, track, and locate objects or people. RFID technology falls into three categories with respect to tags' energy source: passive, semi-passive and active. Active RFID tags are preferred in many applications for their advantages: Visibility, security, quality and high distance communication. Active RFID systems present a couple of challenges that are vital and should be overcome before enjoying their benefits. One of the most important new challenges is energy-efficient data gathering. ISO/IEC 18000-7, operating at 433 MHz, is one of the active RFID standards. We realize that a tag consumes too much energy source to perform a satisfactory communication compliance with the standard in Rayleigh fading channel. Motivated by this need, in this paper, we aim to ameliorate a RFID system performance from the perspective of better communication and energy efficiency. Detailed and extensively simulations show that using multiple antennas with limited feedback schemes significantly diminish the frame error rates and increase the battery lifetime. Moreover, we have evaluated the performance of the limited feedback schemes when the wireless channels are correlated and multiple antennas are present at the reader.
THE DIVERSITY OF REPTILES ON SEVERAL HABITAT TYPES IN CAMPUS AREA OF SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY INDRALAYA, OGAN ILIR
Authors: Saptalisa Wenny , Yustian Indra , Setiawan Arum
Published: March 2017

The Diversity of Reptiles on Several Habitat Types  in Campus Area of Sriwijaya University Indralaya, Ogan Ilir was aimed to determine the diversity of amphibian species present in this area. The research has been done in March until May 2015, in the campus of the Sriwijaya University, Indralaya. The method in this study is use the transect method by placing seventh transect line on line with the direction of cutting contour lines. Data collection techniques using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and Pit-Fall Trap method in combination with the Straight Line Method and Fence (Drift Fence). Results from this study recorded 11 species of amphibians from five families of the Anura Order. Average diversity index at Sriwijaya University Indralaya region is 1.70 which fall into the medium category. Keywords : Sriwijaya university, amphibians, transect,diversity
LIFE HISTORY ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA IN AN ESTUARY OF THE OMUTA-GAWA RIVER, KYUSHU, JAPAN
Authors: Hanafiah Zazili
Published: March 2017

The research was conducted at four　stations in the Omuta-gawa River, Kyushu, Japan from December 2003 to July 2005. The results of the monthly survey clearly indicated that Hediste japonica has one generation per year. The reproductive period of this species is from late December to late February, and also occurred on H. diaroma, that it has one generation per year. The reproductive period of this species in the Omuta-gawa River is from middle December to late April, when reproductive swarming of mature adults occurs. This reproductive period is much longer than that of H. japonica. Both Hediste species, spawning, fertilization and early development occur in water column with a long pelagic larval life. Keywords: life history, Hediste japonica, H. diadroma, reproductive period, estuary
CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROZOOBENTHOS COMMUNITY WITH SUBSTRATES TYPE AT WARKUK RIVER DISTRICK OF WARKUK RANAU SELATAN, OKU SELATAN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Hamudin Frianti , Fauziah - , Hanafiah Zazili
Published: March 2017

The research about Characteristic of Macrozoobenthos Community With Substrates Type At Warkuk River Districk of Warkuk Ranau Selatan, OKU Selatann Regency, South Sumatera has been conducted from May 2013 to December 2015. This study aims to analysis of characteristic and makrozoobenthos composition in substrat type, analysis about physic and chemistry condition at Warkuk River. Determination of sampling sites were conducted by Random Sampling. The Sample of macrozoobenthos were identified at the Laboratory of Research Institute for Inland Fisheries Mariana, Palembang. From the results obtained, are grouped into 3 classes of macrozoobenthos namely Insecta, Gastropoda and Oligochaeta, which is classified into 9 orders consists of 14 families, 16 spesies. Density ranging from 1155,56 to 1755,56 individuals/m2. Level of diversity are high, ranging from 1,95 to 2,41 and dominance index ranging from 0,31 to 0,40. Family Biotic Index (FBI) ranging from 3,47 to 3,98 with the water quality category of excellent.Key words       : Warkuk River, Macrozoobenthos, Substrat Type
GREEN BARRIER PT PUSRI POTENTIAL AS BIRD HABITAT
Authors: Sevli Melto , Zulkifli Hilda , Yustian Indra
Published: March 2017

The study was conducted to determine birds in Green Barrier PT. Pusri and explains the function of the existing vegetation in the Green Barrier for many species of birds. Retrieval of data was conducted in a 28 ha Green barrier area of PT Pusri, during July to August 2015. The collecting of data determined by line transects through observation directly. assuming the selection of sites in the area of water resources and representation of vegetation types that represent a potential habitat for birds. Birds observed then identified and recorded the type, activity include, nesting, feeding, perch and plants that exploited. The results of this study found 17 species in 13 families. Plant species are most frequently used by birds is batai wood (Paraserianthes falcataria). Recorded at least 10 species of birds found in the Green Barrier PT. Pusri utilize these plants as a perch, feeding and nesting. The availability of water in the form of an artificial fish ponds at the fish pond 1 (transect 3) to attract water birds such as; Javan Pond-heron (Ardeola spesiosa) and Common Sandpipers (Tringa hypoleeucos) to come looking for food that needs to be managed to maintain its function as a habitat for birds.Keywords: Birds, plant, habitat, Green Barrier PT. Pusri.
A SIMPLE PROTOCOL FOR SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS INDUCTION OF IN VITRO SUGARCANE ( Saccharum officinarum. L) BY 2,4-D AND BAP
Authors: Widuri Laily Ilman , Dewanti Parawita , Sugiharto Bambang
Published: March 2017

Induction of in vitro sugarcane through somatic embryogenesis technique influenced by addition of plant growth regulator. The objective of this research was to determine appropriate formulation medium for indirect somatic embryogenesis induction on two potential sugarcane SUT Event 02 and PS 881. This research carried out in three steps, callus induction, callus proliferation, and shoot regeneration. Explants taken from basal of in vitro plantlet one month SUT Event 02 and PS 881 resulted from shoot regeneration previously. Five different medium formulas applied for callus induction and one formula for proliferation and shoot regeneration. Research using completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with five different formulation induction mediums. The result showed that the best respond of indirect somatic embryogenesis on SUT Event 02 and PS 881 was medium containing  3 mgL-1of  2,4-D.
FOOD HABITS AND FEEDING HABITS OF BARRAMUNDI FISH (Lates calcarifer Block) IN TERUSAN DALAM (INSIDE CANAL) WATERS, EAST COAST OF SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Ridho Mohammad Rasyid , Patriono Enggar
Published: March 2017

Research about the food habits and feeding habits of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Block) in Terusan Dalam (inside canal) waters, East coast of South Sumatera Province, had been done during March to June 2012. The purpose of this research was to analyze the food habits and feeding habits of  Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Block) on Terusan Dalam (inside canal) waters, East coast of South Sumatera Province. Sampling method of the fish was purposive sampling method using Tangsi net. The results of this research showed that the number of fish from March to June totaled 31 individuals of fish. Based on the Relative Importance Index (RII), the natural food of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Block) in March to June 2012 consisted of shrimp as the main food with the Relative Importance Index 72.37-99.51%, the fish was as the complement food with the Relative Importance Index 11.33-27.63%, and as the additional food was the worm with Relative Importance Index 0.49%.Keywords: Barramundi, food habits, feeding habits
Habitat selection and their interspecific interactions for mammal assemblage in the Greater Khingan Mountains, northeastern China
Authors: Guo Kai , Liu Hui , Bao Heng , Hu Jingui , Wang Shoubo , Zhang Weihua , Zhao Yuzhuo , Jiang Guangshun
Published: March 2017

Patterns of habitat use profoundly influence interactions among wildlife species and ecological communities, the sustainability of species and the stability of populations. The Eurasian lynxLynx lynx,sableMartes zibellina,mooseAlces alces,roe deerCapreolus pygargusand mountain hareLepus timidusare sympatric carnivore and herbivore species in Hanma Nature Reserve in the Greater Khingan Mountains, northeastern China. We conducted snow track sample plot surveys of these mammals during the winter of 2012–2013 and analyzed habitat selection characteristics and interspecific interactions. We screened the preferred habitat variables of each species and predicted their potential occurrence probability by generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and further, selected the best model of each species that incorporated other species' potential occurrence probability in GLMM. Our results showed that when we only considered habitat factors in the model: 1) river valley was the most favored habitat factor in winter that lynx, moose and mountain hare showed strong selection on; 2) lynx preferred areas with steep slope and coniferous forest; 3) sable only avoided the forest edge; 4) roe deer avoided sparse shrub forest but preferred coniferous forest. When we incorporated other species' presence probability in GLMM: 1) the presence probability of moose and roe deer had no significant relationship with other species; 2) lynx preferred areas with higher mountain hare potential occurrence probability; 3) sable preferred areas with higher mountain hare but less lynx occurrence probability; 4) mountain hare preferred to inhabit areas with sympatric roe deer and lynx. These results will provide guidance for species specific habitat conservation and restoration, and wildlife population management based on interspecific interactions.
“Onward, Onward”: Sister Carrie and the Railroad
Authors: Gurman Elissa
Published: March 2017

This paper argues that Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie (1900) is governed by a distinctly mechanical form of determinism. Through the characters of Drouet, Carrie, and Hurstwood, Dreiser demonstrates the train's instrumentality in transforming America from a series of rural, local economies to a commodity-based economy and, finally, to an economy of signs increasingly divorced from the material circumstances of production and even from products themselves. This economic trajectory manifests itself in a system of narrative determinism: in the world of the novel, actions are determined not solely by free will, or even by biology, but by a combination of these forces and those of the technological-economic system.
Going off the Gold Standard in Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer
Authors: Humphries David T.
Published: March 2017

Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer (1934) provides a unique modernist representation of the economic warfare of the Great Depression, as evident in Miller's claims for “going off the gold standard.” This essay explores what such claims reveal about the connections between economic regimes and the symbolic structures which underpin both cultural production and the experience of everyday life. In his depiction of prostitution and embodied transactions, Miller offers alternate modes of circulation and currency, which challenge existing economic structures and literary genres and the ways they regulate and reify conventional values. In his attempts to create a language and form that “flow,” Miller reveals how nationalism, economic strictures, and literary conventions promote hoarding, create conflicts, and mask the experience of everyday life. Miller presents individual performances and exuberant excess as an antidote to harsh economic policies in a way that speaks to today's debates about “hard currency” and the need for austerity economics.
From the Ringstraße to Madison Avenue: Commercial Market Research and the Viennese Origins of the Mass-Culture Debate, 1941–61
Authors: Malherek Joseph
Published: March 2017

Paul Lazarsfeld's social research organizations, as centres for cosmopolitan refugees who pioneered communications studies, were instrumental in producing some of the most prominent mass-culture critics in the post-war US—both native and émigré—including C. Wright Mills, Leo Lowenthal, Theodor Adorno, and David Riesman. But among Lazarsfeld's fellow Viennese colleagues, perhaps the most prominent in the contemporary popular mind was Ernest Dichter, a psychological consultant to marketers who probed the unconscious of consumer subjects in an effort to reveal their hidden motivations. Dichter was not a critic of mass culture but rather a celebrant who was embraced by the American business class. He entered into the public sphere, however, as the subject of criticism in journalist Vance Packard's exposé The Hidden Persuaders. Lazarsfeld saw no essential contradiction between the critics of mass culture and its industrial purveyors; instead, he saw these forces existing in a dialectical relationship with one another. In this sense, it was no accident that his research institutes nurtured both cultural critics and the agents of industrial mass society.
Pronatalism, Geneticism, and ART
Authors: Petropanagos Angel
Published: March 2017

In this essay, I argue that pronatalism—a social bias in favor of gestational motherhood—and geneticism—a social bias in favor of genetic motherhood—are conceptually and operationally distinct social forces that influence some women's reproductive decision making. Each of these social forces shapes the reproductive landscape, relates differently to women's identities, and causes different social stigmatization and harm. Pronatalism and geneticism warrant feminist concern because they can compromise some women's reproductive autonomy and well-being. I suggest that combating pronatalism and geneticism will require different sets of media, policy, education, and health care practice strategies.
Cross-Border Reproductive Travel, Neocolonialism, and Canadian Policy
Authors: Fulfer Katy
Published: March 2017

The 2004 Canadian Assisted Human Reproduction Act bans commercial contract pregnancy and egg provision, but Canadians undertake cross-border reproductive travel to access these services. Feminist bioethicists have argued that the ethical justification for enforcing the ban domestically, namely exploitation, grounds its extraterritorial enforcement. I raise an additional problem when Global Southern or low-income countries are destinations for travel: neocolonialism. Further, I argue that a ban on commercialized reproduction is problematic. Although well-suited to address neocolonial forces of exploitation and commodification, a ban reinforces neocolonialism by paying insufficient attention to the agency of gestational laborers and egg providers.
No Longer “Handmaiden”: The Role of Social and Sociological Theory in Bioethics
Authors: Paton Alexis
Published: March 2017

Whether sociology should be part of bioethics has been extensively debated and critiqued. Feminist bioethics has long recognized the role of empirical work in bioethical inquiry; however, much feminist work in bioethics has been sidelined due to critiques of the role of social and sociological theory in bioethics research. In this essay, I examine how sociology plays a much deeper role in bioethical inquiry beyond the contribution of empirical methods. Building on these approaches, I show, through a case study, how social and sociological theory play as vital a role in conducting comprehensive bioethical inquiry as sociological methods and methodology, and thus should no longer be sidelined in empirical bioethics.
The Medical Nonnecessity of In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: McLeod Carolyn
Published: March 2017

Debate has raged in Canada recently over whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) should be funded through public health insurance. Such a move would require that the provinces classify IVF as a medically necessary service. In this paper, I defend the position I have taken publicly—especially in Ontario, my own province—that IVF is not medically necessary. I contend that, by funding IVF on grounds of medical necessity, governments like Ontario's violate their commitments to equality and fairness, and cause harm. They do the last by suggesting that the lives of people who forgo procreation, and perhaps have children in other ways (e.g., through adoption), will be stunted.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging for diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: A novel software tool proposal
Authors: Cruz Gloria , Nie Sheng Dong
Published: March 2017

In order to diagnose Parkinson disease (PD) at an early stage, it is important to develop a sensitive method for detecting structural changes in the substantia nigra (SN). Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have become important tools in supporting diagnosis of PD, with findings based on increased apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in basal ganglia and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in SN. Based on the hypothesis that a diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) theory is a valuable method for PD diagnosis based on the non-Gaussian diffusion of water in biologic systems, the purpose of this study is to develop an image processing scheme (software) based on Image-J for the facilitating the application of DKI to assist PD diagnosis. Using the new DKI software enables to estimate the diffusional kurtosis and diffusion coefficients, which reflect the structural differences between regions of interest. The experimental results of applying the new software showed that diffusional kurtosis was highly sensitive to microstructural tissue changes, which were not noticeable in the diffusion coefficient values. Thus, the study results may suggest that applying the new image processing software can be useful for assessing tissue structural abnormalities, monitoring and following disease progression.
Replicating Captain Cook's Waistcoat: Exploring the Skills of a Named Embroiderer during the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Larkin Alison
Published: March 2017

This article discusses a project to replicate an unfinished waistcoat believed to have been embroidered in the late 1770s for Captain James Cook by his wife, Elizabeth. The intention was to explore the techniques of embroidery used during the eighteenth century, and to replicate a garment belonging to a major historical figure. The original waistcoat was embroidered on Tahitian tapa cloth with a linen backing. The embroidery used silk and metallic thread and silver-plated spangles, employing chain stitch, long-and-short stitch and tambouring. The replica was completed using materials closely approximating those available in the 1770s, and constructed using eighteenth-century methods. The project has shed light on the skills and abilities of a known amateur embroiderer of the late eighteenth century, in addition to providing insight into the tastes and physical characteristics of an important historical figure.
Religion and Mythology in the Chilembwe Rising of 1915 in Nyasaland and the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland: Preparing for the End Times?
Authors: Thompson T. Jack
Published: March 2017

Superficially there are many parallels between the Chilembwe Rising of 1915 in Nyasaland and the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland – both were anti-colonial rebellions against British rule. One interesting difference, however, occurs in the way academics have treated John Chilembwe, leader of the Nyasaland Rising, and Patrick Pearse, one of the leaders of the Irish Rising and the man who was proclaimed head of state of the Provisional government of Ireland. For while much research on Pearse has dealt with his religious ideas, comparatively little on Chilembwe has looked in detail at his religious motivation – even though he was the leader of an independent church.

This paper begins by looking at some of the major strands in the religious thinking of Pearse, before going on to concentrate on the people and ideas which influenced Chilembwe both in Nyasaland and the United States. It argues that while many of these ideas were initially influenced by radical evangelical thought in the area of racial injustice, Chilembwe's thinking in the months immediately preceding his rebellion became increasingly obsessed by the possibility that the End Time prophecies of the Book of Daniel might apply to the current political position in Nyasaland. The conclusion is that much more academic attention needs to be given to the millennial aspects of Chilembwe's thinking as a contributory motivation for rebellion.
An Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish
Authors: Park Chang-Beom , Song Min , Choi Nak , Kim Sunghoon , Jeon Hyun , Kim Sanghun , Kim Youngjun
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with four different glyoxal concentrations (0%, 1.4%, 2.3%, and 6.3%) in response to global chemical regulations, e.g., European Union Classification, Labeling and Packaging (EU CLP). Toxicity tests of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether on 11 different microbial strains, Microcystis aeruginosa, Daphnia magna, and zebrafish embryos were designed as an initial stage of toxicity screening and performed in accordance with standardized toxicity test guidelines. Glyoxal-containing cellulose ether showed no significant toxic effects in the toxicity tests of the 11 freeze-dried microbial strains, Daphnia magna, and zebrafish embryos. Alternatively, 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether led to a more than 60% reduction in Microcystis aeruginosa growth after 7 days of exposure. Approximately 10% of the developmental abnormalities (e.g., bent spine) in zebrafish embryos were also observed in the group exposed to 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether after 6 days of exposure. These results show that 6.3% less glyoxal-containing cellulose ether has no acute toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, 6.3% less glyoxal-containing cellulose ether may affect the health of aquatic organisms with long-term exposure. In order to better evaluate the eco-safety of cellulosic products containing glyoxal, further studies regarding the toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with long-term exposure are required. The results from this study allow us to evaluate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulosic products, under EU chemical regulations, on the health of aquatic organisms.
Study of Different Variants of Mo Enzyme crARC and the Interaction with Its Partners crCytb5-R and crCytb5-1
Authors: Chamizo-Ampudia Alejandro , Galvan Aurora , Fernandez Emilio , Llamas Angel
Published: March 2017

The mARC (mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component) proteins are recently discovered molybdenum (Mo) Cofactor containing enzymes. They are involved in the reduction of several N-hydroxylated compounds (NHC) and nitrite. Some NHC are prodrugs containing an amidoxime structure or mutagens such as 6-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP). We have studied this protein in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (crARC). Interestingly, all the ARC proteins need the reducing power supplied by other proteins. It is known that crARC requires a cytochrome b5 (crCytb5-1) and a cytochrome b5 reductase (crCytb5-R) that form an electron transport chain from NADH to the substrates. Here, we have investigated NHC reduction by crARC, the interaction with its partners and the function of important conserved amino acids. Interactions among crARC, crCytb5-1 and crCytb5-R have been studied by size-exclusion chromatography. A protein complex between crARC, crCytb5-1 and crCytb5-R was identified. Twelve conserved crARC amino acids have been substituted by alanine by in vitro mutagenesis. We have determined that the amino acids D182, F210 and R276 are essential for NHC reduction activity, R276 is important and F210 is critical for the Mo Cofactor chelation. Finally, the crARC C-termini were shown to be involved in protein aggregation or oligomerization.
Molecular Basis for Modulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Their Drug Actions by Extracellular Ca2+
Authors: Zou Juan , Jiang Jason , Yang Jenny
Published: March 2017

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) associated with the slow phase of the glutamatergic signaling pathway in neurons of the central nervous system have gained importance as drug targets for chronic neurodegenerative diseases. While extracellular Ca2+ was reported to exhibit direct activation and modulation via an allosteric site, the identification of those binding sites was challenged by weak binding. Herein, we review the discovery of extracellular Ca2+ in regulation of mGluRs, summarize the recent developments in probing Ca2+ binding and its co-regulation of the receptor based on structural and biochemical analysis, and discuss the molecular basis for Ca2+ to regulate various classes of drug action as well as its importance as an allosteric modulator in mGluRs.
Passage through the Ocular Barriers and Beneficial Effects in Retinal Ischemia of Topical Application of PACAP1-38 in Rodents
Authors: Werling Dora , Banks William , Salameh Therese , Kvarik Timea , Kovacs Laszlo , Vaczy Alexandra , Szabo Edina , Mayer Flora , Varga Rita , Tamas Andrea , Toth Gabor , Biro Zsolt , Atlasz Tamas , Reglodi Dora
Published: March 2017

The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has two active forms, PACAP1-27 and PACAP1-38. Among the well-established actions are PACAP’s neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, which have also been proven in models of different retinopathies. The route of delivery is usually intravitreal in studies proving PACAP’s retinoprotective effects. Recently, we have shown that PACAP1-27 delivered as eye drops in benzalkonium-chloride was able to cross the ocular barriers and exert retinoprotection in ischemia. Since PACAP1-38 is the dominant form of the naturally occurring PACAP, our aim was to investigate whether the longer form is also able to cross the barriers and exert protective effects in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), a model of retinal hypoperfusion. Our results show that radioactive PACAP1-38 eye drops could effectively pass through the ocular barriers to reach the retina. Routine histological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of the Müller glial cells revealed that PACAP1-38 exerted retinoprotective effects. PACAP1-38 attenuated the damage caused by hypoperfusion, apparent in almost all retinal layers, and it decreased the glial cell overactivation. Overall, our results confirm that PACAP1-38 given in the form of eye drops is a novel protective therapeutic approach to treat retinal diseases.
CFD-Based Investigation of Turbine Tonal Noise Induced by Steady Hot Streaks †
Authors: Holewa Axel , Lesnik Sergey , Ashcroft Graham , Guérin Sébastien
Published: March 2017

The interaction of steady hot streaks from an annular ring of combustion chambers with turbine rotating blades can potentially generate tonal noise. The relevance of this source mechanism in aeroengine noise is controversially discussed in the literature. In the present paper, the streak–turbine interaction is investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method called harmonic balance (HB)—a truncated non-linear frequency domain approach with a high potential of reducing the computational effort. The investigated high-pressure turbine is composed of a single stator–rotor stage. The first part of the present paper compares the results obtained with the HB method to those obtained with the more established time-accurate unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach and investigates their sensitivity with respect to the computational mesh density. Thereby, no streaks are simulated, and only the turbine alone tones are considered. Convincing results are obtained on aerodynamics and acoustics. The second part of the paper deals with a parametric study on the acoustical impact of steady hot streaks. The streaks are prescribed at the inlet of the stage using a boundary condition as an attempt to simulate a ring of combustor nozzles. No vorticity is coupled into the computational domain, as the objective is to measure the effect of temperature inhomogeneity only. Overall, the turbine appears to be slightly quieter with hot streaks. The streak-to-stator-vane ratio of 1-to-2 explains the generation of new acoustic modes with distinct azimuthal orders. The acoustic power amplitude of those additional modes scales roughly with the square of the temperature difference, the fourth-power of the diameter, and the square of the entropy difference. This last result agrees well with the 1D theory of Marble and Candel. The acoustic contribution of the unsteady force on the rotor blades due to the overspeed measured in the wakes of the streaks—resulting from the flow acceleration through the stator—remains an open question.
An Improved Multi-Sensor Fusion Navigation Algorithm Based on the Factor Graph
Authors: Zeng Qinghua , Chen Weina , Liu Jianye , Wang Huizhe
Published: March 2017

An integrated navigation system coupled with additional sensors can be used in the Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MUAV) applications because the multi-sensor information is redundant and complementary, which can markedly improve the system accuracy. How to deal with the information gathered from different sensors efficiently is an important problem. The fact that different sensors provide measurements asynchronously may complicate the processing of these measurements. In addition, the output signals of some sensors appear to have a non-linear character. In order to incorporate these measurements and calculate a navigation solution in real time, the multi-sensor fusion algorithm based on factor graph is proposed. The global optimum solution is factorized according to the chain structure of the factor graph, which allows for a more general form of the conditional probability density. It can convert the fusion matter into connecting factors defined by these measurements to the graph without considering the relationship between the sensor update frequency and the fusion period. An experimental MUAV system has been built and some experiments have been performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Collisions of Terrestrial Worlds: The Occurrence of Extreme Mid-infrared Excesses around Low-mass Field Stars
Authors: Theissen Christopher A. , West Andrew A.
Published: March 2017

We present the results of an investigation into the occurrence and properties (stellar age and mass trends) of low-mass field stars exhibiting extreme mid-infrared (MIR) excesses (

). Stars for the analysis were initially selected from the Motion Verified Red Stars (MoVeRS) catalog of photometric stars with Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 2MASS, and WISE photometry and significant proper motions. We identify 584 stars exhibiting extreme MIR excesses, selected based on an empirical relationship for main-sequence

colors. For a small subset of the sample, we show, using spectroscopic tracers of stellar age (Hα and Li i) and luminosity class, that the parent sample is most likely comprised of field dwarfs (

Gyr). We also develop the Low-mass Kinematics (LoKi) galactic model to estimate the completeness of the extreme MIR excess sample. Using Galactic height as a proxy for stellar age, the completeness-corrected analysis indicates a distinct age dependence for field stars exhibiting extreme MIR excesses. We also find a trend with stellar mass (using r − z color as a proxy). Our findings are consistent with the detected extreme MIR excesses originating from dust created in a short-lived collisional cascade (≲100,000 years) during a giant impact between two large planetismals or terrestrial planets. These stars with extreme MIR excesses also provide support for planetary collisions being the dominant mechanism in creating the observed Kepler dichotomy (the need for more than a single mode, typically two, to explain the variety of planetary system architectures Kepler has observed), rather than different formation mechanisms.
Source Population and Acceleration Location of Suprathermal Heavy Ions in Corotating Interaction Regions
Authors: Filwett R. J. , Desai M. I. , Dayeh M. A. , Broiles T. W.
Published: March 2017

We have analyzed the ∼20–320 keV nucleon−1 suprathermal (ST) heavy ion abundances in 41 corotating interaction regions (CIRs) observed by the Wind spacecraft from 1995 January to 2008 December. Our results are: (1) the CIR Fe/CNO and NeS/CNO ratios vary with the sunspot number, with values being closer to average solar energetic particle event values during solar maxima and lower than nominal solar wind values during solar minima. The physical mechanism responsible for the depleted abundances during solar minimum remains an open question. (2) The Fe/CNO increases with energy in the 6 events that occurred during solar maximum, while no such trends are observed for the 35 events during solar minimum. (3) The Fe/CNO shows no correlation with the average solar wind speed. (4) The Fe/CNO is well correlated with the corresponding upstream ∼20–320 keV nucleon−1 Fe/CNO and not with the solar wind Fe/O measured by ACE in 31 events. Using the correlations between the upstream ∼20–40 keV nucleon−1 Fe/CNO and the ∼20–320 keV nucleon−1 Fe/CNO in CIRs, we estimate that, on average, the ST particles traveled ∼2 au along the nominal Parker spiral field line, which corresponds to upper limits for the radial distance of the source or acceleration location of ∼1 au beyond Earth orbit. Our results are consistent with those obtained from recent surveys, and confirm that CIR ST heavy ions are accelerated more locally, and are at odds with the traditional viewpoint that CIR ions seen at 1 au are bulk solar wind ions accelerated between 3 and 5 au.
The Abundance of Atmospheric CO2 in Ocean Exoplanets: a Novel CO2 Deposition Mechanism
Authors: Levi A. , Sasselov D. , Podolak M.
Published: March 2017

We consider super-Earth sized planets which have a water mass fraction large enough to form an external mantle composed of high-pressure water-ice polymorphs and also lack a substantial H/He atmosphere. We consider such planets in their habitable zone, so that their outermost condensed mantle is a global, deep, liquid ocean. For these ocean planets, we investigate potential internal reservoirs of CO2, the amount of CO2 dissolved in the ocean for the various saturation conditions encountered, and the ocean-atmosphere exchange flux of CO2. We find that, in a steady state, the abundance of CO2 in the atmosphere has two possible states. When wind-driven circulation is the dominant CO2 exchange mechanism, an atmosphere of tens of bars of CO2 results, where the exact value depends on the subtropical ocean surface temperature and the deep ocean temperature. When sea-ice formation, acting on these planets as a CO2 deposition mechanism, is the dominant exchange mechanism, an atmosphere of a few bars of CO2 is established. The exact value depends on the subpolar surface temperature. Our results suggest the possibility of a negative feedback mechanism, unique to water planets, where a reduction in the subpolar temperature drives more CO2 into the atmosphere to increase the greenhouse effect.