bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using “Literature circles” – An effective reading comprehension teaching method in Vietnam Language Arts
Authors: Doan Thi Thanh Huyen
Published: October 2021

Using “Literature circles” is an effective reading comprehension teaching method that is widely applied in some countries with a competency-based literacy curriculum, however, it is still quite new to Vietnamese schools. The article presents the concept and analyzes the advantages of this teaching method in skill training and competence development for students. These are: promoting the initiative and independence of students; focusing on skill training for a variety of students throughout the activity process; creating a discussion and interactive environment for students to share their feedback on the text; creating opportunities for students to really become readers by experiencing different reading roles. The article also indicates some noteworthy points when applying “Literature circles” in Vietnamese school context.
Measures to work motivation for teachers in school today
Authors: Nguyen Van Luong
Published: October 2021

Teachers’ motivation is very important in the educational development. Teahers’ motivation in the educational institutions is one of the most important matters starting from the responsibilities that they have regarding teaching process. Research objective: measures to work motivation for teachers in school. Research method: from the research in Vietnam and internationally about the work motivation of teachers and ETEP project. Research results: research has clarified the role of motivation and work motivation. The author gave some measures: Through economic benefits; through work; improve the working environment; through training, fostering and developing professional capacity for teachers; fair and objective assessment.
A study on prescribing pattern and drug utilization among depressed patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: C. Thangamariyappan , Karnan Deepika , G. Roshini , K. Manna P. , Kumar Asok
Published: October 2021

Background: Drug utilization is defined as the marketting, distribution, prescribing and use of drugs in society. Various factors like quality, quantity, and cost of drugs plays an important role in selection of drug therapy. Hence we wanted to observe that drug utilization and prescribing pattern of antidepressants.Methods: A prospective observational study were conducted in a psychiatric department at RMMCH for a period of 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. Sixty patients were enrolled and analysed to study the pattern and the world health organisation (WHO) prescribing indicators.Results: From 60 prescriptions, the most widely prescribed antidepressant drug escitalopram 21 (42%) as a combination drug citalinforte 30 (50%), linotril 21 (42%) lorazepam 12 (20%), haloperidol 6 (10%) and quitipin 3 (5%). Most commonly, depression was seen in age group between 31-40 years and males were more to depression than females. Most drugs were prescribed under brand names (55%) than generic drugs (45%). Monotherapy was the preferred drug pattern for the mild depression followed by dual therapy and triple therapy for moderate and severe depression respectively. The number of drugs which were prescribed from the WHO and national list of essential medicine (NLEM) was haloperidol (10%) and escitalopram (85%) respectively.Conclusions: Escitalopram was the commonly prescribed drug for depression followed by lorazepam, linotril and haloperidol. Monotherapy was most preferred, because of increased medication adherence, low ADRs, minimum cost and lesser drug interactions compared to other therapies.
A drug utilization study of antiepileptic drugs uses in a tertiary care teaching hospital of India
Authors: Mandal Soumitra , Donepudi Aruna , Afshan Jabeen Shaik , Turaga Suryaprabha
Published: October 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by repeated seizures due to the disorder of the neurons. Epilepsy needs life-long medical therapy. It is managed by polytherapy. Drug utilization studies help to determine rational combinations of drug use in epilepsy. Aims and objectives of the study were to analyses the drug utilization pattern of anti-epileptics and common types of epileptic seizures and to determine the safety of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Patients attending neurology epilepsy OPD with h/o seizures and taking at least one antiepileptic were recruited. Data was collected by taking demographic details including brief history of disease, clinical examination and reviewing OPD prescription. Details were recorded in case record form.Results: We recruited 102 participants (57 male and 45 females) of mean age 29.68±10.52. Mean age of onset of epilepsy was 18.9±10.5 years. Among them 77 (75.4%) were diagnosed as generalized tonic clonic seizures and 18 (17.6%) were diagnosed as focal seizures. Monotherapy was given in 31 (30.3%) patients while polytherapy was given in 71 (69.7%) patients. Valproic acid was most commonly used monotherapy (12 patients). No fixed drug combinations were used. Clobazam in 55 (53.9%) patients and valproic acid in 53 (51.9%) patients were prescribed. The other AEDs prescribed were lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, lacosamide, zincosamide, perampanel, and phenytoin. All antiepileptics were prescribed in brand name. The prescribed daily dose (PDD) was less than defined daily dose (DDD) as per anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification. Two adverse effects were reported during study period. They were mood change and blurring of vision in two different patients.Conclusions: The PDD was less than DDD as per ATC classification. Awareness should be created among neurologists to prescribe more generic drugs because of their cost effectiveness. Studies are needed with larger sample size to analyze the drug utilization patterns which helps in the planning of reduction of expenditure for the patient without compromising efficacy.
Chemical characterization, adverse effects and potential toxicological effects of medical devices applied in gastrointestinal disease: a review
Authors: Varthya Shoban Babu , Krishna Hare
Published: October 2021

Medical devices have gained popularity as a therapeutic or diagnostic purpose in gastrointestinal obstructions caused by malignant tumour or benign stricture or any other pre-existing conditions. The problems of stents are like sense of foreign body, migration or incomplete expansion or re obstruction. In this scenarios, self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS), or biodegradable self-expanding stents, wall flex stents, drug eluted stents, etc prevents the obstruction related difficulties. SEMS associated with re-obstruction and migration along with difficulty in removal and chances of leaks due to corrosion.  In case of biodegradable self-expanding stents, which are either made of magnesium-based materials or synthetic polymers, such as polylactide or polyglycolide, or co-polymers, such as polydioxanone. Magnesium-based materials are very biocompatible but due to the property of dissolving in the body by rapid corrosion, degradation can occur before the therapeutic objective is reached. Synthetic polymers associated severe mucosal hyperplastic reaction with overgrowth and/or ingrowth. Wall flex stents, drug eluted stents can be used to prevent complications associated with above variants but their clinical significance and toxicological effects were not evaluated completely. Under this given scenario toxicological evolution of various medical devices used in gastrointestinal disease and their potential toxicological effects are required to understand their tolerability and acceptability.
Maternal mortality due to thermal injury in pregnancy
Authors: Mehta Harsh Rajeev , Wasadikar Pravinkumar , Tidke Abasaheb
Published: October 2021

Background: Human physiology is altered during pregnancy and adds further stress to systems that are already modified. Mother and foetus are placed at increased risk by burns injury, which is often associated with a high rate of both fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity.

Methods: All pregnant patients with burns injuries admitted at our tertiary hospital under department of general surgery from June 2017 to May 2019. This study included 20 pregnant patients with burns injury.

Results: Of the total 20 cases, the percentage of TBSA varied from 5% to 100%. There were 19 cases of accidental burns and one case of homicidal burns. There were 11 preterm deliveries of which two stillbirths and nine spontaneous abortions occurred. In all, ten out of twenty mothers died after severe burns amounting to total maternal mortality at 50%.

Conclusions: Burns during pregnancy demands special management and requires early and adequate resuscitation with the use of a limited choice of antibiotics and local antibacterial agents. Early surgical intervention and a special obstetric protocol are required in the management of these patients to improve maternal outcome.
By trial and error: project creation problems of the Code of Basic Labor Laws of the USSR in 1925
Authors: Ivanov Artyom B.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of codification of the labor legislation of the USSR in the 1920s. The empirical basics for it was the provisions of Soviet normative legal acts, materials of the practice of legal systematization, including information from unpublished (archival) sources, information from reference and scientific literature of the specified period. The work shows the main trends in the legal regulation of labor and relation closely related to them, characterizes the system of sources of labor law, touches upon the causes for its codification at the all-union level. The process of developing the draft Code of Basic Labor Laws of the USSR, which was supposed to become the first branch codified act of union significance is considered. The grounds, conditions and reasons for this codification are identified, its organizational and technical-legal aspects are investigated, and the subject composition is shown. The reasons are revealed due to which the work on the creation of an all-union labor code was not completed (lack of a clear conceptual and legal basis for codification, instability of social relations regulated by labor law, etc. The influence of the codification on the subsequent development of the Soviet labor legislation is shown.
Understanding as an uncertainty overcome
Authors: Kiyatkina A. D. , Shadrikov Vladimir D.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses understanding as a human tendency to remove uncertainty through the phenomenon of «entropy». The learning process initially puts the student in a situation of constant movement from a disordered environment to an ordered one, which occurs due to the constant interruption of the student’s inner world balance. Studies of understanding through entropy allow us to consider the subject of understanding as an irreversible dynamic system, then the individuality of pedagogical influence can be explained by the degree of stability of this system. Taking into account the variety of individual differences that determine the process of understanding, the idea of building a probabilistic model of understanding is proposed.
Biomass is a Promising Resource for Energy Generation
Authors: de Jesus Márcia Silva
Published: October 2021

Energy is one of the main socioeconomic development inputs worldwide. It is estimated that in 2050, the global demand for energy and associated services will increase approximately 10 times [1]. The best alternative to reduce the use of non-renewable resources is to introduce the biomass as a source of renewable energy, which currently accounts for almost 14% of world consumption. To give you an idea, about 146 billion tons of biomass are produced per year. If 10% of this biomass - considering forest harvesting, wood and agricultural waste - is used to generate energy at 50% of efficiency, more than 3.1 trillion toe (tonne of oil equivalent), which represents a significant energy value [2].
Telecommunication Tower on Residential Apartment at Jabalpur City with Building Improvement Analysis
Authors: Italy Vaibhav
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The building is analysis and study under the load of seismic behaviour, the six diverse cases are taken and the end outcome considerations are analysed, and it showed that building is well-organized as evaluate to other. Many analyses have been performed on various structures along diverse boundaries. The cases are supposed to be situated in earthquake zone III. Total 6 cases consider for this study and after that result of the worst case among all cases we have set another case with outrigger system then analysis the whole cases. G+19 building is considered for the research. The study obtained by using STAAD pro software. Graphs and different constraints are shown in tabular form. In this research work we have especially adaptation for the worst case for enhancing its property so structure will not be considered as worst. Keywords: Telecommunication Towers, Seismic Activities, High-Rise, Tower Location, Seismic Analysis Method, Tower
Retrofitting of the Structure using Composite Material FRP
Authors: Chandra Anuj
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Retrofitting is the process of modifying existing structures in order to increase their performance and durability. Dayto-day concrete structures may require retrofitting owing to a variety of issues such as corrosion, detailing laceration, and bonding failure, among others. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are a relatively recent method used in retrofitting to strengthen and repair structural damage. The goal of this research is to go over the advantages, applications, and major challenges of employing FRP as a composite material. To begin, the paper will describe the principles of FRP composites, including the definition and description of components such as fibers and matrices. We have collected significant information properties of composite materials and uses in retrofitting process to improve strength and durability of the structure and studying the behavior of reinforced concrete structure strengthened (retrofitted) using composite materials in this paper on Retrofitting of the Structure using Composite material FRP. Our research included a fact study and prediction analysis of key records and data connected to our research purpose, which assisted us in reaching a conclusion on Retrofitting of the Structure Using Composite Material FRP and also comparative analysis between steel retrofitting and composites materials (FRP) retrofitting of the existing structure. Keywords: Retrofitting, FRP, Concrete reinforced, Matrix, Rehabilitation
Field Research under Pandemic and Hybrid Remote Field Research
Authors:   Institute of Empirical Linguistics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Pourtskhvanidze Zakharia
Published: October 2021

The scientific fields that generate data for research through interaction with people in socio-cultural contexts have been cut off from their basis of work due to the restrictions resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. Abrupt interruption of any activities that were taken for granted in traditional field research puts especially linguistic, sociological and cultural anthropological researchers in an unprecedented state of shock. The methodology and technical tools of traditional field research do not include a scenario that would catch the social consequences of a pandemic and replace the missing central aspects of documenting a life practice. The following article describes the seemingly unmanageable problems of field research under pandemic conditions and presents an attempt to find a methodological wayout
Lexicology and Multilingualism
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine, Anisimova Alla
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the issues where multilingualism as a linguistic phenomenon is successfully revealed in the Lexicological studies, namely, in the five lexicological problematic questions of the course, and the whole topic is dedicated to the Multilingual aspect in Lexicology. It covers the description of CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) and some aspects of its influence on the process of development of students’ multilingual competence. It is emphasized that multilingualism has become a widespread phenomenon in modern society. A considerable number of people speak more than two languages in their everyday life due to historical, social, or economic reasons. This is one of the causes why multilingual competence has been defined as one of the key competences that a modern competitive specialist should possess according to the European System of Higher Education. CLIL is usually thought to play an increasingly important part in language education, both as a feature of foreign teaching and learning, and as an element of bi- and multilingualism, that was evidently presented in the course of English Lexicology. The ability to apply multilingual competence is one of the key objectives of the curriculum. Multilingual competence presupposes that speakers use different languages for different contexts and purposes, but their influence on the languages may differ. The article gives a detailed description of the features typical of CLIL. So, subject learning combined with language learning leads to the formation of multilingual knowledge, which contributes to the development of multilingual competence.
Linguistic Consciousness and Foreign Language Learninig
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine, Safonova Natalia
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the issues where linguistic consciousness as a sociolinguistic phenomenon is successfully revealed in FLT, namely, in problematic questions of language learning. It covers the description of linguistic consciousness and some aspects of its influence on the process of development of students’ communicative competence. It is emphasized that the philosophy of lifelong learning has become a widespread phenomenon in modern society. Learning a foreign language can be considered an important means of forming linguistic consciousness and the ability to conduct intercultural dialogues. The correlation of two languages and cultures (Ukrainian and foreign ones) helps to outline their national specific features, which contribute to a deeper understanding of both the foreign and the native language and culture. Any education system is open and fairly stable. As for the methods and learning tools, they can vary depending on the applicable learning concept. The article gives a detailed description of the development of linguistic consciousness of Ukrainian students from different social groups while learning English. So linguistic consciousness is a reflection of the actual language sphere contributes to the development of both communicative and multilingual competences. The main objective of the use of modern educational technologies is to increase the level of the communicative competence and linguistic consciousness in students, their educational achievements and to improve the quality of language education.
Issues on Teaching Area Studies in Georgia
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Machitadze Elisabed , Chelidze Guranda ,   Caucasus University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: October 2021

Today, influence of globalization can be apparently seen in the spheres of politics, economics, culture and education. The countries are not able to isolate from one another anymore. Globalization influences social systems, institutes, communication sphere and this clearly shows that this process impacts the higher education as well. Changes in teaching of different discipline were put on agenda. Collapse of the Soviet Union, gaining of independence by Georgia, geopolitical position of Georgia, diplomatic contacts made, all these have increased the role of Georgia as an independent actor on international arena. Since that time, Georgia gradually became part of the global processes. Thus, in the 21st century, against the background of globalization and dialogue of civilizations, Georgia faced new challenges. The country has to take its position in the contemporary world. Today, implementation of the proper policies would determine our prospects, both, in short and long run. Goal of the research is to investigate the issue of education of the proper professionals against the background of such challenges. Today, regarding its political, economic and cultural relationships, Georgia increasingly needs highly qualified professionals in the spheres of regional studies and area studies. Mostly we imply gaining of wide knowledge about the European and oriental countries and generalization of this knowledge in the process of inter-country relationships development. Today we regard that due consideration of the experience of foreign countries is of great significance to adjust modernization and globalization to the historical and cultural traditions of our country. In this respect, it is important to study history and current situation of the Europe and Near East, Georgia has great traditions of this. As for the Europe, together with teaching Western European languages, it is desirable to develop teaching of European studies in interdisciplinary context, as this responds to the globalization challenges. Georgia’s active participation in Bologna Process, internationalization of education processes provide good opportunities, with respect of improvement of teaching of cross-cultural studies, though together with education, expansion of scientific researches, conducting of interdisciplinary studies is of significance as this would allow introduction of the new approaches, provide opportunity of training of the highly qualified and competitive professionals. In addition, teaching of cross-cultural studies should become more pragmatic to ensure its contribution to the state building.
Intonation of Interrogative Sentences in Zan (Megrelian-Laz) Language
Authors:   TSU Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi, Georgia, Shengelia Eter , Poniava Natia ,   TSU Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: October 2021

In the article, we discuss the intonation of interrogative sentences in Zan. Studying this topic has great importance not only with respect to a linguistic standpoint, but also with reference to teaching the Megrelian-Laz language. Empirical materials have been obtained from respondents of different age, sex and social status and analyzed by using Praat. In Megrelian-Laz like other many languages we have wh-questions, yes/noquestions, tag questions and echo-questions. The material analysis has shown that Megrelian-Laz interrogative sentences have the stress on the subject or on the verb; Mostly sentences with question word have rising intonation at the end; negative and positive question tags have rising intonation contour as well as echo questions on the interrogative particle. In Laz spread in Georgia interrogative sentences formed without suffix -i and a question is expressed only by intonation.
The Discussion on the Status of the Russian Language in Georgian Schools (on the basis of the Imereti press of the beginning of XX century)
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Georgia, Chachanidze Irine , Tsuleiskiri Nato ,   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Georgia, Guchua Tamar ,   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Georgia
Published: October 2021

The research of the sociolinguistic picture of Imereti according to the Imereti press of the 10-20s of XX century is among the issues which have not been studied yet. After the abolition of the statehood of Georgia in 1801 the Georgian language became part of the language policy of the Russian Empire. As a result, the Russian government abolished the liturgy and the teaching process in the Georgian language, ethnic and national conflicts were provoked between the inhabitants of the territory of Georgia, etc. Pursuant to the circular issued in 1885 the Georgian language was completely removed from the syllabuses. In parallel with this anti-national policy a number of journals and newspapers were started. Covered Russia's assimilative linguistic or ethnic policy and contributed to national mobilization. It will be the first sociolinguistic analysis of the periodical publications in two directions: a. The issue of the distribution and knowledge of the Georgian language in the region (including the issue of gender). b. The problem of functioning of the Georgian language in the education (secular and theological) system
Word Stress in Megrelian1
Authors:   TSU Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, Tbilisi (Georgia), Poniava Natia
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with the issues of word stress in Megrelian. In the scientific literature there is no common view regarding the position and nature of stress in Megrelian. Our study is based on experimental analysis. The experiment has revealed that in Megrelian, in two-syllable and three-syllable words the stress is on the initial syllable. However, in some case the stress falls on the penultimate syllable in three-syllable words. As for four-syllable words, the stress is on the antepenult though our experiment did not confirm the presence of the secondary stress. In five-syllable words the primary stress falls on the second syllable and the secondary stress is on the penultima. In six-syllable and seven-syllable words the primary stress is on the second syllable but in six-syllable words the secondary stress is on the antepenult while in seven-syllable words the secondary stress falls on the fourth syllable. The results of our research are also important in terms of teaching Megrelian.
Multilingualism of James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake and problems of its translation and teaching in Georgian
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Gelashvili Manana , Gelashvili Tamar ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Published: October 2021

Hailed as one of the most enigmatic and puzzling books of the 20th century James Joyce’s last novel Finnegans Wake does not cease to interest scholars, translators and readers even after 80 years since its publication. The novel attracts people of various nationalities, as well as professions due to its multilingualism and multi-layered intertextuality, which is highly suggestive and open to interpretation. Joyce’s attempt to create a new language by using and combining over 60 languages puzzles the readers and is one of the main issues that make Finnegans Wake so “incomprehensible” and difficult to read, analyze and translate. However, at the same time, it is this multilingualism of the text that makes it accessible to people of various nationalities. The present paper studies some problems which arise from the multilingualism of the text when translating and teaching it in Georgian. It is stated that difficulties of translating (and teaching) such a text in Georgian arise from the linguistic differences between Georgian and languages belonging to West-European Family, which are the linguistic basis of the text at large. At the same time, teaching Finnegans Wake by the method of close-reading in a group consisting of various nationalities and backgrounds proves to be an interesting experience, as multilingual group can add valuable contribution to the reading process.
Learning and Teaching Russian as a Pluricentric Language
Authors:   University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland), Protassova Ekaterina , Yelenevskaya Maria ,   Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Israel)
Published: October 2021

Teaching Russian as a foreign language outside the nation might still be oriented towards the norm and conventions of contemporary metropolitan Russian, but in the minority situation, which emerged after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and massive migrations, teaching should absorb the newly developed local lexis and formulate the rules reflecting regional changes in the structure. State-of-the-art language pedagogy rejects stringency of approach to communication and accepts the reality of translanguaging and regional varieties, considering them in the curricula. Clearly, teaching Russian in the situation of the new linguistic contacts calls for innovative methods and flexible approaches. The article is based on the interviews and informal conversations with Russian-language teachers and school owners, as well as on meta-analysis of the already published data. This article aims to show challenges confronting Russian-language teachers in various countries, with examples drawn from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Norway, and Slovakia.
Averaging of Higher-Order Parabolic Equations with Periodic Coefficients
Authors: Miloslova A. A. , Suslina T. A.
Published: October 2021

In L2(Rd;Cn), we consider a wide class of matrix elliptic operators A of order 2p (where p2) with periodic rapidly oscillating coefficients (depending on x/). Here 0 is a small parameter. We study the behavior of the operator exponent e-A for 0 and small . We show that the operatore-A converges as 0 in the operator norm in L2(Rd;Cn) to the exponent e-A0 of the effective operator A0. Also we obtain an approximation of the operator exponent e-A in the norm of operators acting from L2(Rd;Cn) to the Sobolev space Hp(Rd; Cn). We derive estimates of errors of these approximations depending on two parameters: and . For a fixed 0 the errors have the exact order O(). We use the results to study the behavior of a solution of the Cauchy problem for the parabolic equation u(x,)= -(A u)(x,)+F(x,) in Rd.
On Solvability of a Linear Parabolic Problem with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Solonukha O. V.
Published: October 2021

A linear parabolic equation with boundary conditions of the Bitsadze-Samarskii type is considered. An existence and uniqueness theorem for a generalized solution is proved, and estimates are obtained.
Teachers and Parental Position on the Interdiction of Corporal Punishment in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics
Authors: Owusu-Darko Isaac , Ansah Mavis , Florence Doe , Owusu-Mintah Belinda
Published: October 2021

There has been an alarming interest and complain about the use of corporal punishment on the part of teachers and parents respectively in the teaching and learning process. Corporal punishment creates a peculiar perception of how stakeholders of schools perceived its impact on pupils’ academic performance. The study, however, sought to investigate the perceived impact of corporal punishment on pupils learning outcomes in the teaching and learning of mathematics for selected schools in Techiman municipal. The methodology used for the study was a descriptive research design with a mixed paradigm. Both quantitative (in the form of pupils obtained scores in pre-test and post-test) and qualitative data (from teachers and parents’ responses to questionnaires) were used. The findings revealed that there is a significant mean difference between pupils’ performance about whether they were taught with corporal punishment or otherwise. Majority of the parents and teachers presumed that sometimes using corporal punishment helps and foster students to learn. Parents strongly disagreed to the complete ban of corporal punishment in the school. Teachers however consensus agreed that they occasionally use Corporal Punishment to help pupils learn It is recommended that corporal punishment usage in schools should not be banned entirely but rather, measures should be put in place to monitor how it is meted out in schools. Teachers should not abuse the use of corporal punishments in schools.
Analysis of Earthquake Park Design Criteria: Cases in Ataşehir and Topkapı Parks, Istanbul
Authors: Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs Yücel , Komar Hümeyra
Published: October 2021

Earthquake parks are open spaces where sustenance, shelter and security needs required by people to sustain their daily lives after a disaster may be addressed. In this study, the use of Ataşehir and Topkapı earthquake parks as recreation areas before an earthquake and as a post-disaster park were examined from a space design aspect using on-site observations. Standards required for earthquake parks were determined, such as land location and suitability, transportation, size and function, infrastructure systems, structural and vegetative designs, whereas evaluations of these criteria were conducted at two parks. As a result of this study, it was identified that unlike traditional parks, designing earthquake parks according to site location and suitability, transportation, size and function, infrastructure systems, structural and planting design is important for post-disaster use.
Performance in B2B Sales: An Explanation of How Channel Management and Communication Influence a Firm’s Performance
Authors: Günther Maier
Published: October 2021

Communication between seller and buyer is done through multiple channels. There are multiple ways to use technical media and channel selection to create more information, but does this lead to a better performance of a firm? Research on the impact of different marketing channels in the industry regarding performance factors remains scarce. The performance of a firm is the most significant factor and will be monitored through different attributes. The purpose of this paper is to review the drivers of a sales process in terms of sales cycles, channels and communication in relation to it’s effect on performance. Beyond the characteristics of sales the review delineates the changes from the past to the present. The contribution of this review is to understand the various capabilities in channel management and communication that can be adapted to the sales process and increase a firm’s performance.
Inzivilität und Rationalität in Online Diskussionen zu COVID-19
Authors: Huber Brigitte , Schroll Cornelia
Published: October 2021

Im Meinungsbildungsprozess zum Thema COVID-19 ziehen Bürger:innen verschiedene Quellen heran. Eine vom Einfluss auf persönliche Einstellungen sowie auf die Einschätzung des Meinungsklimas nicht zu unterschätzende Informationsquelle stellen Nutzerkommentare unter Nachrichtenartikeln dar. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert am Beispiel der österreichischen Tageszeitung Der Standard das Vorkommen von Inzivilität in Nutzerkommentaren zu COVID-19. Ergebnisse der Inhaltsanalyse (N = 240) zeigen, dass Diskussionen auf der Nachrichtenseite unziviler verlaufen als auf der Facebook-Seite von Der Standard. Interessanterweise gehen inzivile Formulierungen allerdings nicht mit einer geringeren Qualität der Argumentationen einher. Diese Studie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer differenzierten Betrachtungsweise von Inzivilität in Online-Diskussionen.
Diminished Effect of Smoking Intensity on African American and Latino Smokers’ Tobacco Risk Perception
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: October 2021

Background: According to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), highly educated African American (AA) and Latino people remain at high risk of tobacco use. One hypothesis suggests that this high risk of tobacco use stems from AA and Latino people remaining unrealistically optimistic, resulting in the risks of tobacco use being discounted. Aims: To better understand the role of cognitive bias as a mechanism behind the high risk of smoking in highly educated minorities, we studied ethnic variation in the association between smoking intensity and perceiving oneself as a smoker among young American adult established current smokers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data of 2,475 young adults (18-24 years) who were current established smokers. The data came from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013) study, a nationally representative survey in the US. The independent variable was smoking intensity. The dependent variable was not perceiving oneself as a smoker (probably due to optimistic cognitive bias and discounting the risk). Age, gender, and education were the covariates. Ethnicity was the moderator. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: From the total number of 2,475 current smokers, 2106 (85.1%) perceived themselves-as a smoker, and 369 (14.9%) smokers perceived themselves as a non-smoker. A high level of smoking intensity was associated with lower odds of not perceiving oneself as a smoker. Two significant interactions were found between Latino and AA ethnicity and smoking intensity, suggesting that the effect of smoking intensity on perceiving oneself as a smoker is weaker in AAs than Whites and Latinos than non-Latinos. Conclusions:While tobacco use intensity is associated with a lower likelihood of optimistic cognitive bias and not perceiving oneself as a smoker, Latino and AA young adults who smoke many cigarettes a day are more likely than their non-Latino White counterparts with the same smoking risk not to perceive themself as a smoker. This finding suggests a psychological discounting of risk among AA and Latino smokers. Such cognitive bias may help them avoid cognitive dissonance and reduce their own perceived risk of cancer and other fatal conditions from smoking. A cognitive bias may increase the smoking burden of AA and Latino young adults through discounting smoking risk.
Improvement of Learning Outcomes, Motivation, and Achievement of Students' Social Skills by Applying Student Teams Achievement Division Cooperative Learning Model through PhET Simulation Media
Authors: Jannah Wirdatul , Evendi Evendi , Safrida Safrida , Ilyas Suhrawardi , Syukri Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This study aims to improve learning outcomes, motivation, and students' social skills by applying student teams' achievement division cooperative learning models through PhET simulation media. The method used in this study is quantitative. The research used is Quasi-Experimental. Instruments were used in the form of problems, questionnaires and, observation sheets. The results of the study data analysis prove that the average posttest of the experiment class obtained a score of 77.81, while the control class was 71.82, so that the results obtained in the experimental class were>75 or above from the KKM score that has been determined. Furthermore, the analysis of student motivation data proved an increase where the pretest score showed 60.5 and for the posttest results increased by a score of 66.56 and for the results of social skills learners showed an increase in each meeting in each indicator, which showed an excellent category. The conclusions in this study prove that the student teams achievement division cooperative learning model through PhET simulation media can improve learners' learning outcomes, motivation, and social skills
Implementation of STEM-Based Experiential Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills on Ecosystem Materials
Authors: Khairati Khairati , Artika Wiwit , Sarong Muhammad Ali , Abdullah Abdullah , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: October 2021

The low critical thinking skills of learners are triggered by less supportive learning. The learning process has not emphasized the development of critical thinking skills, it is because in learning learners tend to memorize concepts so that critical thinking skills are not trained, making learners less active in the learning process and not achieving minimum completion criteria, there needs to be efforts to overcome them. The formulation of the problem in this study is: Is there a significant difference in the improvement of students' critical thinking skills with the implementation of STEM-based Experiential Learning learning in class VII MTsN Aceh Besar? This research aims to find out the significance of differences in improving learners' critical thinking skills with the implementation of STEM-based Experiential Learning learning. The method used in this study is an experimental method with the design of One Group Pretest-Postets design. The population of this study is all students of class VII MTsN Aceh Besar which amounted to 120 learners. The instrument used to measure critical thinking skills using multiple choice questions is 10 questions. Data analysis using the One Simple t-Test test at a significant level of 0.05. The results of the One Simple t-Test test of the students' critical thinking skills were obtained by Sig. (0.00) < (0.05), showed that learners' critical thinking skills were better and there was a significant improvement with the implementation of STEM-based Experiental Learning.
Development of Augmented Reality Flashcard Media to Improve the Ability of Grade IV Elementary School Students in Reading Understanding of Alternative Energy Source Materials
Authors: Listiyani Novi , Hidayat Sholeh , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: October 2021

The use of information and communication technology such as social media has become a necessity as well as a demand in the global era. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various creative and innovative educational models so that the educational process does not seem less interesting, monotonous, and boring so that it will limit the formation of the transfer of knowledge, which is the focus of research. The purpose of this research is how appropriate the development of augmented reality flashcard media is to improve the ability of fourth grade elementary school students to read comprehension of alternative energy source materials. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model. The results obtained are that this development research creates a product in the form of an augmented reality flashcard media which is designed as an android-based application. In the feasibility test, the validation results of the material experts reached an average percentage of 85%, which indicated very good qualifications. The validation results of media experts with an average percentage of 78%, which indicated good qualifications.
Bayesian Inference for the Parameter and Reliability Function of Basic Gompertz Distribution under Precautionary loss Function
Authors: Awad Manahel  Kh. , Rasheed Huda A.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, some estimators for the unknown shape parameter and reliability function of Basic Gompertz distribution have been obtained, such as Maximum likelihood estimator and Bayesian estimators under Precautionary loss function using Gamma prior and Jefferys prior. Monte-Carlo simulation is conducted to compare mean squared errors (MSE) for all these estimators for the shape parameter and integrated mean squared error (IMSE's) for comparing the performance of the Reliability estimators. Finally, the discussion is provided to illustrate the results that summarized in tables.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of PEG Polycyclic Acetal Metal Complex/ PVA Polymer Blend Film
Authors: Younus Maha A. , Ali Media Umran
Published: October 2021

Polyacetal was synthesized from the reaction of Polyethylene glycol with4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.Polymer metal complex was synthesized by the reaction with Ag+; polymer blend with polyvinyl alcohol was synthesized solution casting technique. All synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR in addition to the antimicrobial activity. The FT-IR spectra indicate the formation of the polyacetal. The DSC resultsindicatethe thermal stability regarding the synthesized polymer blends. The synthesized polyacetal, its metal complex and PA blend against four types of bacteria (gram+ve) Staphylococcus aureas, Bacillus subtilis and (gram –ve)Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia Coli were evaluated. The results revealed that the polyacetal-Ag complex has the greater potential against all kinds of bacteria than polyacetal and polymer blend.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of new Nano Schiff bases Composites
Authors: M. Mohammed Akhlas , Sultan Maha T.
Published: October 2021

New nano composites containing Schiff bases have been synthesized and presented in this paper. All compounds have been categorized through FT-IR and some of them by H-NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial performance of the prepared compounds has been investigated according to the agar diffusion method. The compounds (P1,P2,C1, and C2) have shown, in general,  significant inhibition against bacterial.
On Nano ẛـpreـgـOpen Set
Authors: Esmaeel Rana B. , Jassam Ahmed. A.
Published: October 2021

In this work, the notion is defined by using    and some properties of this set are studied also,  and   ـ set are two concepts that are defined by using ; many examples have been cited to indicate that the reverse of the propositions and remarks is not achieved. In addition, new application example of nano was studied.
Correlation between phenotypes of restriction / modification systems and efficiency of transformation in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Masaaki Minami  , Takafumi Ando  , Michio Ohta  , Hidemi Goto
Published: October 2021

We evaluated the effect of restriction and modification genes expressed in Campylobacter jejuni, a naturally competent organism, on transformation efficiency. Fourteen strains of C. jejuni were tested for sensitivity to 29 restriction enzymes. Strains that showed the same susceptibility pattern by either agarose gel electrophoresis or PFGE were grouped together. Natural transformation between strains within and between groups was assessed using two chromosomal markers, one an artificially introduced gene and the other a selected point mutation. However, no correlation was found between transformation efficiency and sensitivity to the restriction enzymes tested. The activity of the restriction and modification system alone could not explain the failure of transformation to occur or the generation of stable clones in a population of C. jejuni with other abilities. It is likely that other factors influence horizontal gene flow in this organism. We suggested that the rule that the restriction and modification system affect horizontal gene flow, based on studies of transfection with E. coli, may not apply to the exchange of chromosomal DNA in C. jejuni.
Estimation of radioelements concentration in Sokoto Basin for geothermal energy studies using airborne radiometric data
Authors: Ndidiamaka Nchedo Eluwa  , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara  , Chikwendu Njoku Okereke  , John Chibuzo Eluwa  , Rock Mkpuma Onwe
Published: October 2021

High resolution aero-radiometric data of Sokoto basin Northwestern, Nigeria were used in this research work. The location of the basin is between latitude 11o30I to 13o30IE and longitude 4o30I to 6o30IN. Sixteen (16) sheets of high resolution of airborne radiometric data were used to obtain the concentration of Potassium (K), Uranium (U) and Thorium (Th) respectively in the area of interest. The data were gridded and analyzed using Geosoft software. The result of the analysis revealed that potassium concentration is between -0.577935% to 7.34347% with an average of 3.3827%. The Thorium concentration values ranged from -3.81541ppm to 91.9404ppm with an average of 44.0624ppm. The Uranium concentration revealed values from -4.44524ppm to 46.1767ppm with an average of 20.86572ppm. The ratio of potassium and equivalent thorium (K/eTh) indicated values between -8.69847%/ppm to 39.567%/ppm and ratio of equivalent uranium and equivalent thorium (eU/eTh) revealed values between -412.181ppm to 99.4613ppm. The ternary diagram of the radiometric data showed that the south and southeastern regions of the study area have high radioactive mineral concentration above the average normal value of radioactive minerals in a natural environment and radioactive minerals are good source of geothermal energy. The results obtained has shown that the basin has geothermal potential which can cause non productivity of hydrocarbon in the area of interest and the research area can be recommended for geothermal energy resource to compliment the electric power supply in the nation.
Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn.A Dengan Masalah Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan
Authors: Ginting Azwara Andika
Published: October 2021

Risiko perilaku kekerasan timbul akibat rasa tidak nyaman dan panik yang terjadi akibat stressor dari dalam dan luar lingkungan. Perilaku kekerasan yang timbul pada klien skizofrenia diawali dengan adanya perasaan tidak berharga, takut dan ditolak oleh lingkungan sehingga individu akan menyingkir dari hubungan interpersonal dengan orang lain