bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erken Postpartum Dönem Meme Sorunlarında Kanıt Temelli Tamamlayıcı ve Destekleyici Bakım Uygulamaları
Authors: DURMUŞ Ayşenur , CAN GÜRKAN Özlem
Published: September 2020

Doğum sonrası dönem anne ve bebek için fiziksel ve ruhsal yönden pek çok değişikliğin olduğu bir süreçtir. Erken postpartum dönemde emzirmenin bir an önce başlatılması ve etkili bir şekilde devamının sağlanması anne, bebek sağlığı açısından çok önemlidir. Bebeğin anne sütü ile beslenmesinin kesintiye uğramasının nedenlerinden birisi olan meme başı ağrısı ve çatlağının erken postpartum dönemde tedavisinin yapılması ve emzirmenin kesintiye uğramasının önüne geçilmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışma emziren annelerde erken postpartum dönemde meydana gelen meme sorunlarının tedavisinde kullanılan tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici bakım uygulamalarının kanıt düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Scopus, Pubmed, Science of Direct, Google Scholar veri tabanlarında “Meme Başı Sorunları”, “Meme Başı Ağrısı”, "Nipple Problems", "Nipple Pain", anahtar kelimeleri ile tarama yapılmış ve çalışma konusu ile uyumlu 50 yayına ulaşılmış olup, tam metnine ulaşılan Türkçe veya İngilizce araştırma makaleleri, sistematik derlemeler, meta analiz çalışmaları incelenerek son 10 yıl içerisinde yayınlanan toplam 28 makale çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir. Erken postpartum dönemde görülen meme sorunlarını gidermedeki etkililiği kanıt düzeyi yüksek olan çalışmalarla bildirilmiş ve en çok uygulanan müdahaleler derlememize dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak emzirme sürecinde kadınlara zeytin yağı, lanolin, aloe vera ve nane suyu kullanımı önerilebilir. Konuyla ilgili daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışmanın yapılması önemlidir.
SERVICE INNOVATION CAPABILITY FOR ENHANCING MARKETING PERFORMANCE: AN SDL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Heng Lie , Ferdinand Augusty Tae , Afifah Nur , Ramadania Ramadania
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to propose dan test a conceptual model for solving a research gap on the influence of
customer orientation on marketing performance through a strategic bridge variable, service innovation capability, and consumer-centric
strategy. We adopt the service-dominant logic as a basis for solving the research gap for its coverage on the value and service value
innovation for attracting customers and as a stepping-stone for enhancing marketing performance. Data were collected from 145 service
enterprises in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, as our samples for testing the proposed research model, using the software of
AMOS-structural equation modeling. The main finding of this study is a strategic path for enhancing marketing performance through
customer orientation and the capability for service value-creating.
Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Exoplanet LHS 3844b from 13 Ground-based Transit Observations
Authors: Diamond-Lowe Hannah , Charbonneau David , Malik Matej , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Beletsky Yuri
Published: September 2020

Atmospheric studies of spectroscopically accessible terrestrial exoplanets lay the groundwork for comparative planetology between these worlds and the solar system terrestrial planets. LHS 3844b is a highly irradiated terrestrial exoplanet (R = 1.303 ± 0.022R
⊕) orbiting a mid-M dwarf 15 parsecs away. Work based on near-infrared Spitzer phase curves ruled out atmospheres with surface pressures ≥10 bars on this planet. We present 13 transit observations of LHS 3844b taken with the Magellan Clay telescope and the LDSS3C multi-object spectrograph covering 620–1020 nm. We analyze each of the 13 data sets individually using a Gaussian process regression, and present both white and spectroscopic light curves. In the combined white light curve we achieve an rms precision of 65 ppm when binning to 10 minutes. The mean white light-curve value of (R
p/R
s)2 is 0.4170 ± 0.0046%. To construct the transmission spectrum, we split the white light curves into 20 spectrophotometric bands, each spanning 20 nm, and compute the mean values of (R
p/R
s)2 in each band. We compare the transmission spectrum to two sets of atmospheric models. We disfavor a clear, solar composition atmosphere (μ = 2.34) with surface pressures ≥0.1 bar to 5.2σ confidence. We disfavor a clear, H2O steam atmosphere (μ = 18) with surface pressures ≥0.1 bar to low confidence (2.9σ). Our observed transmission spectrum favors a flat line. For solar composition atmospheres with surface pressures ≥1 bar we rule out clouds with cloud-top pressures of 0.1 bar (5.3σ), but we cannot address high-altitude clouds at lower pressures. Our results add further evidence that LHS 3844b is devoid of an atmosphere.
Costbook of the digitisation infrastructure of DiSSCo
Authors: Hardisty Alex , Livermore Laurence , Walton Stephanie , Woodburn Matt , Hardy Helen
Published: September 2020

There has been little work to compare and understand the operating costs of digitisation using a standardised approach. This paper discusses a first attempt at gathering digitisation cost information from multiple institutions and analysing the data. This paper has been written: for other digitisation managers who want to breakdown and compare project costs; as a potential baseline for future digitisation projects; as a starting point for prioritising research and development to reduce digitisation costs.
New data on the hoverflies of Morocco (Diptera, Syrphidae) with faunistic and bibliographical inventories
Authors: Sahib Souad , Driauach Ouafaa , Belqat Boutaïna
Published: September 2020

All published records of 148 species of hoverflies from Morocco are reviewed and appropriate literature references, new locality records, and relevant comments are provided for each species. The list is supplemented with records from new field surveys. Two species, Eumerus obliquus (Fabricius, 1805) and Orthonevra brevicornis Loew, 1843 are recorded for the first time in Morocco. The new checklist comprises 150 nominal species from three subfamilies, 14 tribes, and 49 genera.
The Role of Technology in Thana-Capitalism
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: September 2020

In the days of Thana-capitalism, death is the main commodity which is produced and disseminated by the media worldwide. As in dark tourism practices, people are interested to gaze the Other´s suffering but in fact, far from being closer to others, it reinforces their happiness not to be touched by death. Since thana-capitalism is based on a social Darwinism where all are struggling against all to survive, others` death endorses an exclusive sign of supremacy for those who are still alive. Metaphorically speaking, life is understood as a thrilling race where only a few selected participants win. In reality shows like Big Brother, or Films like Hunger Games, there is only one winner. The competence of all against all is promoted by a cynic leader who looms from the darkness. This suggests that participants of these games not only are unfamiliar with their real probabilities to fail, in view the fact that they are moved by their own egocentrism but they are unable to cooperate with others to defeat the ruling elite. Is this a continuation of Social Darwinism?
The Diversity Paradox
Authors: Jenkins J. Jacob
Published: September 2020

The diversity paradox is an organizational emphasis placed upon one potential understanding of diversity which, paradoxically, deemphasizes alternative expressions of individual difference. An organizational focus on representations of gender, for instance, synchronously moves the focus away from sexual orientation; an focus on sexual orientation synchronously moves the focus away from age; and so on. The diversity paradox commonly manifests via six interrelated tenants. First, organizational discourses promote a fractionated understanding of what it means to be a diverse organization, resulting in a visible hierarchy of difference and the sense of false attainment among its leadership. Among organizational members, this false attainment results in neglected representation for certain minorities, as well as diminished alternatives for organizational life and an increased level of potential tokenism. The present article explores the diversity paradox in more detail, including its background, six primary tenants, and future recommendations.
Fab Labs
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Scaillerez Arnaud
Published: September 2020

In recent decades, innovation has become a central issue in the survival of public and private organizations. To meet this challenge, most of them are exploring new ways of organizing work, including seeking to build on the creativity of their employees. These explorations result in the invention of new forms of coordination and cooperation. At the same time, job tasks and employment relationships have become more complex and diversified over time and need to be redefined. Organizations are also looking for ways to increase the innovative spirit of their employees and to develop organizational innovation (autonomy, versatility, development of collective actions, teamwork for example). This context contributes to the creation of new forms of employment and activities. To ensure these restructurings and these new expectations, new ways of organizing work are unfolding, which has helped to make it possible to implement fabs labs. The paper goes over the concept and develops on issues and challenges of fab labs.
Artificial Intelligence as an Enabler for Developing Business Systems
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: September 2020

The information and communication technology provides access to a vast amount of useful information. Enterprises need to integrate that information and those technology capabilities to the relevant context. The relevancy and context would help to transform an enterprise's business. The concept of Artificial Intelligence enables business executives to look forward to their potential and target market in the broader sense. This chapter mainly talks about the various components needed for the creation of a business model in the artificial intelligence environment.
Augmenting Organizational Knowledge Management Using Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Jackson Colbert Mutiso , Kibetu Dickson Kinoti
Published: September 2020

Many firms are realizing that to thrive in complex and dynamic environments, they must be swift and flexible in their operations. Key decisions are now becoming more dependent on understanding and coding complex information acquired from knowledge management systems. GIS technology has the ability to incorporate this requirement. GIS has developed into an important part of many disciplines and cuts across all areas of the modern information society. It offers a framework for planners to devise things more efficiently. Thus GIS is a computing application capable of creating, storing, manipulating, visualizing, analyzing and interpreting geographical data in many ways that show relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. Thus, this chapter emphasizes the role of knowledge management for the development of organizations, and therefore, the importance of GIS in organizational knowledge management. The key issues and strategies for effective and efficient organizational knowledge management using GIS are discussed.
Automatic Detection of Semantic Clusters in Glossaries
Authors: Ridao Marcela , Doorn Jorge Horacio
Published: September 2020

To define the services that a software system will provide, in terms of the business process needs, is a rather important task. As a first step, the requirements engineer must deeply understand the peculiarities of the context in which the future software system will run. There have been proposed several approaches to elicit and model such knowledge. The research whose main results are presented in this chapter, was carried out in a process that models all the information acquired in natural language. The advantages of the use of natural language are somehow shadowed by its ambiguity and the way models are arranged. This chapter deals with some techniques developed to visualize hidden information in this sort of models. This is mainly done by means of the use of directed graphs and the finding of clusters on them. This chapter enhances a previous one, by improving the visualization technique and by adding an automatic cluster detection technique.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Irresponsibility, and Citizenship
Authors: Windsor Duane
Published: September 2020

This article explains the three related conceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR), and corporate citizenship. The three conceptions involve different approaches for answering the overarching question of the appropriate relationship between “business and society”. The article lays out the basics of the three conceptions; and contrasts economic, ethical, and strategic perspectives on these three conceptions. The article connects the three conceptions to corporate social performance (CSP), corporate governance, and stakeholder theory. The author provides the reader with a guide to the extant literature in a way that will facilitate further exploration into key issues. The author proposes some recommendations and solutions for addressing key problems in the field; and suggests future research directions. The article emphasizes key contributions to the development of the field. Work of important authors such as A. B. Carroll, Milton Friedman, Michael E. Porter, and Donna J. Wood among others receives attention.
ICT, Smart Systems, and Standardization
Authors: Jakobs Kai
Published: September 2020

This chapter first provides a brief introduction to the links between standards and standardization, innovation, and economics. This will be followed a description of the complex web of Standards Setting Organizations (SSOs) in the ICT/smart systems sector. Subsequently, a flexible tool to describe the characteristics of an SSO will be discussed. This will be followed by the description of a typical standards setting process. These three aspects are only parts of the fairly complex task of standardization management, which will be described next. The subsequent section will briefly cover national standardization strategies. Finally, some likely future research directions are sketched.
How IT-Enabled Dynamic Capabilities Add Value to the Development of Innovation Capabilities
Authors: van de Wetering Rogier , Besuyen Maaike
Published: September 2020

The development of innovation capabilities is crucial for modern organizations. This research builds on the dynamic capability view and aims to understand how a specific quality of the IT infrastructure, that is, IT flexibility, through the development of IT-enabled dynamic capabilities (ITDCs), leads to innovation gains. The authors empirically validate their main research questions and associated research model using multiple regression analyses on a sample of 138 Dutch firms. They gathered this data through respondent-driven sampling. This study uncovers that IT flexibility is a key attribute in the development of ITDCs. Also, their empirical results support that claim that the development of ITDCs fosters organizations' capability to innovate. These outcomes substantiate our claim that IT is an essential facilitator for innovation capabilities. They also uncovered that the effect of IT flexibility, through ITDCs on innovation capabilities is independent of the complexity of the market. As such, this work contributes to the current practical and theoretical knowledge base of both IT and business.
Toward a Fitness Landscape Model of Firms' IT-Enabled Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: van de Wetering Rogier , Bos Rik
Published: September 2020

This chapter presents, extends, and integrates a complexity science perspective and applies this to the firm's IT-enabled dynamic capabilities (ITDCs). By doing so, this chapter leverages statistical survey data and uses them as parameters for a simulation using Kauffman's NK-model. This NK-model creates stochastically generated fitness landscapes that are parameterized using a finite number of ‘N' elements, or capabilities, and ‘K' complex interactions between those capabilities, and studies the performance (fitness) of systems. We simulate a firm's effort to adaptively explore and walk through a fitness landscape of possible strategies of inter-related capabilities to reach toward higher levels of fitness of ITDCs. Also, our fitness landscape model provides realistic scenarios with a nexus of possible business strategies that can be employed considering a firm's current status, interdependency, and alignment among its capabilities. Our work suggests that firms achieve the highest fitness values when the interdependency among the individual capabilities is relatively small.
Cyber Crime Threats, Strategies to Overcome, and Future Trends in the Banking Industry
Authors: Bamrara Atul
Published: September 2020

Electronic banking, with its inherent advantages for the banking industry as well as the customer, is an area with tremendous growth potential. This field has also seen a corresponding increase in network security breaches, data thefts/loss, identity thefts and other white-collar crimes resulting in huge losses to the banking industry as well as the banking clientele. Losses by the banking industry worldwide due to white- collar crimes are in billions of dollars and far outstrip conventional methods of bank robbery. The unprecedented speed at which net banking has evolved, the ubiquitous and global nature of open networks and the increasing reliance on information technology have all added up to provide an environment of enhanced security challenges. Amendments in the IT act, banking regulations and the coming explosion in WAP are issues that need to be taken into account by the industry.
Similarities and Differences Between Word-of-Mouth and Electronic Word-of-Mouth
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores , Álvarez-Bassi Daniel , Cardona José Ramón
Published: September 2020

To compare both concepts, the causative variables of recommendations generation will be analysed in one of the most important economic activities, the tourism sector. Tourism literature recognizes the importance of emotions, satisfaction and post-purchase behaviour, and diverse studies show emotions as antecedent of satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Some studies have found a positive relationship between satisfaction and the intention to recommend, but other authors raise doubts about the existence of this relationship.
Marketing 4.0 and Internet Technologies in the Tourism Industry Context
Authors: García-Haro María Ángeles , Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , Martínez-Cañas Ricardo , Ruiz-Palomino Pablo
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, there is a new area of Marketing named Marketing 4.0 where technology and digitalization have leveraged consumers to be part of companies, participating in the innovation and development of products and services through value co-creation activities. Especially, social media have an impact on the Tourism industry. Tourism activities are considered as a huge network of agents co-creating experiences. Every day, thousands of travelers and tourists create multimedia content, share comments and upload their photographs, videos, and suggestions. They share their experiences in a destination, using social media. Consequently, companies must respond to these comments and ideas in order to create a positive image of the tourist company. It is about to co-create tourist products and services in a collaborative way peer-to-peer between consumers and companies and motivate and inspire other travelers to visit the tourist destination.
Useful Organizational Knowledge via Knowledge Elicitation and Management
Authors: Lofaro Ronald John
Published: September 2020

Currently, and with almost light speed, new advances in both human-centered and technology- driven efforts have led to new methods in obtaining and using organizational knowledge. For the purposes of this Chapter, Organizational Knowledge will be seen as the different knowledge and skill sets that the employees of a large company or organization have, and how these can be used and shared to make the organization more effective. The Chapter's emphasis will be on how to elicit those knowledges and skill sets, then how to both use and evaluate their usage. The author's goal is to explicate a new model for eliciting and using Organizational Knowledge. This new paradigm uses many components in a blended Delphi. Advantages of using these components are that they are all content-area neutral and, in a real sense, generic in application. Collectively, the resultant paradigm for developing and using organizational knowledge points the way to try the new procedures and validate (or not) them and, to future research on an organizational level.
Knowledge Harvesting Concept Paves Way for Open Innovation Initiatives
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: September 2020

Open innovation project is knowledge intensive. It has become an imperative to collaborate in learning and sharing knowledge from inter organization networks. The challenge of these networks is to manage and develop interpretations of the internal and external environments of enterprises. Personal contacts take place in the organizations' networks. Social groups are formed through their interactions. Creative individuals share their knowledge within the group. This leads to open innovation initiatives Three case illustrations are explained.
Information Overload
Authors: Koltay Tibor
Published: September 2020

Information overload (IO) appears in varied information-intensive spheres and everyday environments. This chapter defines its nature and types, outlines its history and names its diverse sources. It is underlined that IO is caused by a mix of factors. Measures and tools of preventing the occurrence of information overload and mitigating its symptoms can be technological by using the capabilities of information architecture. The repertoire of social approaches is much broader, because it includes practicing information literacy, engaging in data literacy, applying critical assessment, slow information behavior and Personal Information Management tools.
Big Data Analytics and Mining for Knowledge Discovery
Authors: Leung Carson K.
Published: September 2020

Big data analytics and mining aims to discover implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information and knowledge from big data sets that contain huge volumes of valuable veracious data collected or generated at a high velocity from a wide variety of rich data sources. Among different big data analytic and mining tasks, this chapter focuses on frequent pattern mining. By relying on the MapReduce programming model, researchers only need to specify the “map” and “reduce” functions to discover (organizational) knowledge from (i) big data sets of precise data in a breadth-first manner or depth-first manner and/or from (ii) big data sets of uncertain data. Such a big data analytics process can be sped up by focusing the mining according to the user-specified constraints that express the user interests. The resulting (constrained or unconstrained) frequent patterns mined from big data sets provide users with new insights and a sound understanding of users' patterns. Such (organizational) knowledge is useful is many real-life information science and technology applications.
Management Tools
Authors: Chabane Mazri
Published: September 2020

Management tools are traditionally depicted as rational and are therefore expected to reduce organizational complexity. However, the reflexive efforts deployed in the last 20 years has provided us with reliable insights on the need to go beyond this vision and recognize the extent to which these tools can trigger unforeseen and sometimes unwanted chains of reactions. This chapter is a participation to this reflexive effort, both at the empirical and theoretical levels. After introducing the reader to the existing literature on the topic, two case studies will be discussed. Centered on the deployment of safety performance indicators, these case studies provide additional empirical material confirming the role of complexity creator of management tools. These observations are then analyzed through the lenses of existing management concepts and models demonstrating their potential of reproducibility. In doing so, the mechanisms of complexity creation discussed in this paper are of potential interest for every organization interested in deploying new management tools.
Modern Downsizing
Authors: Wojtkowiak Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

The aim of the chapter is to present the concept of downsizing from different points of view: as a strategic option, as a management tool and as a phenomenon. It describes the evolution of the term, its definitions, and different directions of development. A scale and possible outcomes are described on the basis of financial analysis; however it also discusses the role of non-financial aspects. The chapter points out reasons, aims and a wide range of tools that may be used during implementation of downsizing. One of the conclusions of the chapter is to present future research directions aiming at increasing knowledge of managers and providing them with detailed good practices.
Micro Organization Use of Social Media for Business-to-Business Customers
Authors: Rufer Lisa S. , Rufer Rosalyn J. , Hanspal Savita
Published: September 2020

Marketing communications have evolved on account of development of greater interaction between organizations due to the availability of new electronic media. Much has been written about the effect of these new communication channels and how they can be used to retain consumers. However little evidence has been presented to show how these channels of communication are used by smaller organizations, particularly when serving business to business customers. This research builds on earlier exploratory work of Brink and Atanassova and Clark to provide empirical evidence of the importance of social media usage for small organizations when serving business customers. However, unlike Brink, this research separates small firms from medium size organizations and focuses on the subcategory of micro organizations (fewer than 50 employees).
Emotional Intelligence and Customer Satisfaction of Online Health Information
Authors: Holban Ionica , Duca Ioana , Gherghina Rodica , Mândricel Diana Andreea , Nicolescu Elena Denisa
Published: September 2020

Today, more than ever, the consumer has become the centre of these concerns, and health information technology is seen as an integrated function of the work of health care institutions. Therewith, emotional intelligence equips the employee with the attitude needed for a customer service position. This paper aims to study online health service qualities and other underlying factors that influence customers' behavioural intentions towards using online health information in Romania. The empirical research builds on a survey with a sample of 850 consumers, using a questionnaire which analyses the customers' satisfactions of online health information. The results show that the major objective behind this digitalization health is to attract more customers, improve their satisfactions, and encourage loyalty towards online health information delivery channels. Romania providers often use the quality of online health services as a means of differentiation for their survival in the competitive environment as well as to gain a competitive edge.
Resources, Recycling, Regulations, and Reputation in the Comparison of Operations Sustainability Techniques
Authors: Smith Alan D.
Published: September 2020

This chapter will use the case study approach to evaluate two different firms and the sustainability of their operations. The research conducted on the sustainability practices of a major healthcare provider located in Pittsburgh, PA (UPMC) and Seneca Resources (SRC) in Lycoming County, PA. SRC has highlighted some major techniques and practices that other firms can adapt to ensure the sustainability of their own operations. Ultimately, both companies in this study illustrated how reuse of resources can lower costs, improve performance, and help the environment.
Blockchain for Supply Chain Management
Authors: Stefanovic Nenad
Published: September 2020

Over the past decades, digital technologies empowered more efficient, effective and connected supply chains. However, as supply chain complexity continues to increase, organizations face new challenges of maintaining visibility into origin, authenticity, and asset handling. Blockchain technology is considered to be a game-changer for decentralizing infrastructure and building a trust layer for business logic. It is envisioned to be a technology that could drive economy into the next industrial revolution, with new paradigms for doing business in supply chain management (SCM). In this chapter, the various opportunities blockchain provides for SCM, as well as the main technologies including infrastructure and services are discussed. The main applications and benefits of blockchain for SCM are described including smart contracts, payments, transaction recording, dispute resolution, monitoring, and security. We also introduce the multi-layered and cloud-based hybrid blockchain model that combines various data sources, integration, blockchain, and security services.
Wasta Effects on Supply Chain Relationships in the Middle East Region
Authors: Al-Ma'aitah Noor , Soltani Ebrahim , Liao Ying-Ying
Published: September 2020

This chapter's aim is two-fold: to examine the impact of Wasta on long-term supply chain relationship and uncover the ways trust functions the complex interplay between culture (Wasta) and long-term supply chain relationship. Data from 350 buyers and 302 suppliers in the Jordanian manufacturing sector show that there is a general consensus on the idea that long-term buyer-supplier relationship is significantly affected by Wasta and that theqa (i.e. trust) moderates the relationship between Wasta and long-term relationship. The findings contribute to the increasing shift of focus towards contextualizing organisational research beyond Hofstede's cross-cultural paradigm to encompass context-specific religious-cultural values of the Middle East region.
Learning Organisation
Authors: Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2020

In an ever-changing business world, the need to gain a competitive advantage has become extremely imperative for enterprises to survive in the age of globalisation. Much emphasis on learning has arisen due to rapid changes in the business environment, including uncertain market conditions, increasing complexity, changing demographics, and global competition. The companies are forced to innovate and develop new techniques for improving the quality and functionality of products, reduce costs, and respond to the highly elegant customers' demands in order to survive in the market. Learning organisations encourage the groups to come together and explore new ideas without being directed by a manager. The main objective of the chapter is to measure the effect of the dimensions of the learning organisation on organisational performance. A positive statistical relationship exists among the learning organisation dimensions and with organisational performance. Organisations must consider the learning organisation dimensions to enhance employees efficiency and organisational performance.
Factors influencing suicidal ideation among female late adolescents from a Korean rural province
Authors: Jo Hae Kyung , Kim Hyun Kyoung
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors affecting suicidal ideation among female late adolescents from a Korean rural province.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design involving self-reported questionnaires was used. The data were collected from 18- to 22-year-old female adolescents at high schools, universities, churches, and local community centers. The sample consisted of 197 female adolescents from three rural areas in Korea. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Suicidal Ideation Scale were used to measure depression and suicidal ideation, respectively.Results: Suicidal ideation was correlated with having a specific suicide plan (r=.65, p<.001), depression (r=.39, p<.001), and subjective well-being (r=–.46, p<.001). Factors affecting suicidal ideation among rural female adolescents were having a specific suicide plan (β=.56, p<.001), subjective well-being (β=–.23, p=.001), and suicide of a close person (β=.12, p=.035). These factors explained 48.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation (F=37.62, p<.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that affective factors and personal experiences regarding suicide were critical indicators for preventing suicidal ideation among female adolescents. These factors should be managed among female adolescents, and tailored nursing interventions should be offered to enhance their psychiatric health status.
Development and effects of a labor nursing education program using a high-fidelity simulator for nursing students
Authors: Park Seo-A , Kim Hye Young
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of an education program using a high-fidelity simulator of labor and delivery on nursing knowledge, critical thinking, and clinical performance among nursing students. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, data were collected from October 21 to December 9, 2019. To verify the effects of the program, 36 nursing students in the experimental group participated in a high-fidelity simulation program, whereas 36 students in the control group received the standard education on this topic. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and t-test. Results: In the experimental group, in which participants received education using the high-fidelity simulation program, nursing knowledge (t=2.33, p=.011), critical thinking (t=3.73, p<.001), and clinical performance (t=2.53, p=.006) were significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion: High-fidelity simulation-based nursing education was useful for improving nursing knowledge, critical thinking, and clinical performance among nursing students.
In memoriam of Prof. Antonio Lauria
Authors: In Chief Editor
Published: September 2020

In memoriam of Prof. Antonio Lauria
Effect of the initial moisture content of the paddy drying operation for the small community
Authors: Hemhirun Surachai , Bunyawanichakul Pracha
Published: September 2020

After the harvest, the paddy would contain high and unequal initial moisture content, depending on the season and harvest time. As a result, the dehydration was caused by using the dryer while feeding the paddy grain unequal moisture content, the dryer should be properly adjusted to retain the final moisture content as per the rice mill and storage requirements and low specific energy consumption (SEC) were used for the drying operation per one cycle product. The objective of this paper was to study the paddy drying operation by using a continuous cross-flow dryer at a different initial grain moisture content. The research was divided into two steps, the first step began with the drying operation with levels of the initial moisture content 20.0%wb that involved the adjustment of the parameters of an average hot-air temperature 150°C, the speed rotation of an eccentric set of 11.52 rad s–1, the airflow rate 0.016 m3 s–1, and speed rotation of rotary valve 0.21 rad s–1 (approximately feed rate 36 kg h–1), by the application of these parameters, from the obtained results, it was found that grain moisture content of paddy was reduced from 20.0%wb to 14.3%wb as desired, and SEC of 3.60 MJ kg–1 water was evaporated. Then the second step, these parameters were tested in terms of the drying operation that the initial grain moisture content decreased and increased 18.1%wb and 23.0%wb, respectively. The results showed that when the initial grain moisture content decreased, the paddy drying operation reduced the moisture of the paddy until the final grain moisture content became 12.9%wb which was lower than the desired expectation, On the contrary, when the initial moisture content increased, the final grain moisture content became 16.1%wb. This was not sufficient for storage or planting in the next crop year which required re-drying operation as well. Furthermore, the results can be used as reference data and a guideline for small communities in Thailand to appropriate decisions with the drying cost and the value-added tax.
SEPARAZIONE DI CARICA IN MISCELE DI MATERIALI ORGANICI: VALE LA LEGGE DI COULOMB?
Authors: Raos Guido
Published: September 2020

After a brief introduction to organic photovoltaic materials, I discuss the problem of charge separation in these systems. In the best devices, the excitations produced by absorption of a photon can be converted into positive and negative charge carriers (holes and electrons, respectively) with near-100% efficiency. Such efficiencies are apparently at odds with Coulombâ€™s law, which would lead to change recombination due to their mutual electrostatic attraction. A theoretical model developed within my group overcomes this apparent contradiction, by taking into account quantum mechanical effects such as the delocalization of the charge carriers.
THE PHYSICS OF LEONARDO DA VINCI
Authors: Borsa Ferdinando
Published: September 2020

Among the many extraordinary activities of Leonardo da Vinci there are a few examples when he confronts himself with physical phenomena that he tries to explain. However, the studies of physical laws by Leonardo does not seem to be motivated by the interest in Physics itself but rather by the explanation of phenomena entering in his activity of artist, engineer and observer of nature. Nevertheless it is surprising that the renaissance genius is able to enunciate the paradigm of modern experimental science as later established by Galileo and Newton. In the present note, after having reviewed some of the most spectacular intuitions by Leonardo in the field of physics, we try to verify to which extent he applies the scientific methodology, he so well enunciates, to the study of physical laws. Among the very extensive production of Leonardo we chose to analyze in detail the studies on friction and on hydrodynamics since these are the subjects that he pursued with more continuity and method.
SPETTROSCOPIA E IMAGING IN OTTICA DIFFUSA: FOCUS SUL TUMORE DELLA MAMMELLA
Authors: Taroni Paola
Published: September 2020

Through the measurement of the optical properties (absorption and scattering), diffuse optical spectroscopy allows one to estimate non-invasively the composition of biological tissues (water, lipid and collagen content) and functional blood parameters. Further, it provides information on the microscopic tissue structure. It can therefore be effectively used in vivo as an absolutely non-invasive diagnostic tool. The Department of Physics of the Politecnico di Milano has designed and built an optical mammograph that exploits diffused optics, operating with pulsed light at 7 wavelengths in the red and near infrared spectral range (635-1060 nm). The instrument was used in a clinical study on 200 subjects, in collaboration with the European Institute of Oncology: optically derived tissue composition and in particular collagen content in tissues proved to be effective both to discriminate between malignant and benign breast lesions, and to estimate the risk of breast cancer related to the density of breast tissue, which is recognized among the most important independent risk factors. Partly based on those results, â€œSOLUS - Smart optical and ultrasound diagnostics of breast cancerâ€, a European project in the H2020 Framework Program, is now working to improve the specificity of non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis by combining diffuse optics with ultrasound imaging.
A Review of Workload-Monitoring Considerations for Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Dowling Brittany , McNally Michael P. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. , Oñate James A.
Published: September 2020

Because of the unique demands of a pitch, baseball players have the greatest percentage of injuries resulting in surgery among high school athletes, with a majority of these injuries affecting the shoulder and elbow due to overuse from throwing. These injuries are believed to occur because of repeated microtrauma to soft tissues caused by the repetitive mechanical strain of throwing. Researchers and practitioners have suggested that baseball pitchers' workloads are a significant risk factor for injury in adolescent players, resulting in lost time and slowing of performance development. The purpose of our review was to investigate the current research relative to monitoring workload in baseball throwers and discuss techniques for managing and regulating cumulative stress on the arm, with a focus on preventing injury and optimizing performance in adolescent baseball pitchers.
Single-Item Self-Report Measures of Team-Sport Athlete Wellbeing and Their Relationship With Training Load: A Systematic Review
Authors: Duignan Ciara , Doherty Cailbhe , Caulfield Brian , Blake Catherine
Published: September 2020

Background

Single-item athlete self-report measures consist of a single question to assess a dimension of wellbeing. These methods are recommended and frequently used for athlete monitoring, yet their uniformity has not been well assessed, and we have a limited understanding of their relationship with measures of training load.

Objective

To investigate the applications and designs of single-item self-report measures used in monitoring team-sport athletes and present the relationship between these measures and measures of training load.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched between inception and March 2019.

Study Selection

Articles were included if they concerned adult athletes from field- or court-sport domains, if athlete well-being was measured using a single-item self-report, and if the relationship with a measure of modifiable training load was investigated over at least 7 days.

Data Extraction

Data related to participant characteristics, self-report measures, training load measures, and statistical analysis and outcomes were extracted by 2 authors (C.D. and C.D.).

Data Synthesis

A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted. The measures used most frequently were muscle soreness, fatigue, sleep quality, stress, and mood. All measures presented various relationships with metrics of training load from no association to a very large association, and the associations were predominantly trivial to moderate in the studies with the largest numbers of observations. Relationships were largely negative associations.

Conclusions

The implications of this review should be considered by users in the application and clinical utility of single-item self-report measures in athlete monitoring. Great emphasis has been placed on examining the relationship between subjective and objective measures of training load. Although the relationship is still unclear, such an association may not be expected or useful. Researchers should consider the measurement properties of single-item self-report measures and seek to establish their relationship with clinically meaningful outcomes. As such, further study is required to inform practitioners on the appropriate objective application of data from single-item self-report measures.
Training Load and Its Role in Injury Prevention, Part I: Back to the Future
Authors: Impellizzeri Franco M. , Menaspà Paolo , Coutts Aaron J. , Kalkhoven Judd , Menaspà Miranda J
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this 2-part commentary series is† to explain why we believe our ability to control injury risk by manipulating training load (TL) in its current state is an illusion and why the foundations of this illusion are weak and unreliable. In part 1, we introduce the training process framework and contextualize the role of TL monitoring in the injury-prevention paradigm. In part 2, we describe the conceptual and methodologic pitfalls of previous authors who associated TL and injury in ways that limited their suitability for the derivation of practical recommendations. The first important step in the training process is developing the training program: the practitioner develops a strategy based on available evidence, professional knowledge, and experience. For decades, exercise strategies have been based on the fundamental training principles of overload and progression. Training-load monitoring allows the practitioner to determine whether athletes have completed training as planned and how they have coped with the physical stress. Training load and its associated metrics cannot provide a quantitative indication of whether particular load progressions will increase or decrease the injury risk, given the nature of previous studies (descriptive and at best predictive) and their methodologic weaknesses. The overreliance on TL has moved the attention away from the multifactorial nature of injury and the roles of other important contextual factors. We argue that no evidence supports the quantitative use of TL data to manipulate future training with the purpose of preventing injury. Therefore, determining “how much is too much” and how to properly manipulate and progress TL are currently subjective decisions based on generic training principles and our experience of adjusting training according to an individual athlete's response. Our message to practitioners is to stop seeking overly simplistic solutions to complex problems and instead embrace the risks and uncertainty inherent in the training process and injury prevention.
Training Load and Its Role in Injury Prevention, Part 2: Conceptual and Methodologic Pitfalls
Authors: Impellizzeri Franco M. , McCall Alan , Ward Patrick , Bornn Luke , Coutts Aaron J.
Published: September 2020

In part 2 of this clinical commentary, we highlight the conceptual and methodologic pitfalls evident in current training-load–injury research. These limitations make these studies unsuitable for determining how to use new metrics such as acute workload, chronic workload, and their ratio for reducing injury risk. The main overarching concerns are the lack of a conceptual framework and reference models that do not allow for appropriate interpretation of the results to define a causal structure. The lack of any conceptual framework also gives investigators too many degrees of freedom, which can dramatically increase the risk of false discoveries and confirmation bias by forcing the interpretation of results toward common beliefs and accepted training principles. Specifically, we underline methodologic concerns relating to (1) measure of exposures, (2) pitfalls of using ratios, (3) training-load measures, (4) time windows, (5) discretization and reference category, (6) injury definitions, (7) unclear analyses, (8) sample size and generalizability, (9) missing data, and (10) standards and quality of reporting. Given the pitfalls of previous studies, we need to return to our practices before this research influx began, when practitioners relied on traditional training principles (eg, overload progression) and adjusted training loads based on athletes' responses. Training-load measures cannot tell us whether the variations are increasing or decreasing the injury risk; we recommend that practitioners still rely on their expert knowledge and experience.