bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the transformation of enterprise activities under the influence of global shifts
Authors: Syvolap Larysa
Published: June 2021

The article identifies the main motives of transnational activities of companies, namely: the desire for cheaper and better factors of production; entering new markets; reduction of competition due to the acquisition of assets of foreign companies; the ability to achieve the effect of scale of production. The classification of factors that are the basis for the formation and operation of transnational companies (TNCs) on the following grounds: unit of study, level of analysis, level of universality, research architecture, factor analysis, genesis of factors, status factors. The author proposes a theory based on a generalized analysis of theories of transnationalization in the context of comparing the features of the development of TNCs and any other business entity. The author develops a mechanism of interaction between donors and recipients within the market theory of transnationalization of production. The factors influencing the dynamic development of TNCs and their transformation into one of the most important institutions of the modern market economy are described. The influence of TNCs on home countries and host countries is analyzed. The main characteristics of technological systems are investigated. It is noted that the formation of the optimal structure of TNCs is based on the optimal distribution of functions between structural units, establishing a system of relations between them, which allows for rapid exchange of information, management decisions and implement them in optimal time. The characteristic of organizational structure of mechanistic and organic types of TNCs is presented. The Hammer-Champi reengineering methodology is proposed. The investment activity of modern enterprises operating in the conditions of global transformations is investigated. The author has improved the mechanism for managing the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise.
The impact of digitalization on the formation and implementation of bank's deposit policy
Authors: Kvasnytska Raisa , Forkun Iryna , Gordeeva Tetyana
Published: June 2021

The article considers the efficiency of banks in Ukraine, which in turn depends on sufficient volumes of resources. Given the rapid pace of innovation and unstable dynamics of investment, it is not enough to artificially reduce the cost of deposits and increase the cost of loans to sustain the successful operation of banking institutions. It is necessary to create an effective management system that will be able to develop a deposit policy and respond adequately to all events in society. Issues of deposit policy in banking, which is influenced by the complexity of financial relations, in particular in the context of globalization, are becoming increasingly relevant. Therefore, the article examines the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of deposit policy in terms of the digitalization of business processes. The authors analyzed the allocation and dynamics of deposits by volumes, currency, sectors of the economy and terms of repayment. The results of the study allow claiming that banks’ deposit policy needs constant improvement. To increase its efficiency, there are several ways, such as creating favourable conditions to meet customer needs in deposit services; ensuring the protection of depositors' interests, which, in turn, will increase the reliability of banks and the efficiency in the process of converting savings into investments; active digitalization of banks' relations with clients in solving all financial issues, including in the deposit sphere, which will simplify customer service processes and increase the banks’ resources by attracting new categories of customers due to innovative deposit products with favourable terms.
The burden in the social insurance system on business entities in Ukraine and the EU
Authors: Kyrychenko Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

The article considers the burden in the social insurance system on business entities of Ukraine and EU countries. A comparison of northern European and continental models of social insurance is made. The system of social insurance in terms of payment of contributions by economic entities of Ukraine and EU countries is analyzed and a comparative description is made. An analysis of the reform of insurance rates for business entities for compulsory state social insurance in Ukraine, as well as the dynamics of the single social contribution from businesses. The influence of the load in the social insurance system on economic entities on the level of shadowing of the state economy is substantiated. The article defines the dynamics of the integrated indicator of the level of the shadow economy in Ukraine and the growth / decrease of real GDP. The factors that contribute to the growth of the shadow economy in the EU countries are identified and the shadow sector in these countries is analyzed. An approach to reduce the burden in the social insurance system on business entities of Ukraine is proposed.
Generalized Gross-Neveu Universality Class with Non-Abelian Symmetry
Authors:   University of Liverpool, UK, Gracey John A.
Published: June 2021

We use the large N critical point formalism to compute d-dimensional critical exponents at several orders in 1/N in an Ising Gross-Neveu universality class where the core interaction includes a Lie group generator. Specifying a particular symmetry group or taking the abelian limit of the final exponents recovers known results but also provides expressions for any Lie group or fermion representation.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING: PROCUREMENT PROCEDURE
Authors: Popov Vladimir , Medineckienė Milena , Grigorjeva Tatjana , Zabulėnas Arūnas Remigijus
Published: June 2021

Traditional construction planning is being replaced by the building information modelling (BIM) approach, which seeks to digitalise all the construction procedures, including procurement. Successful implementation of BIM on the market requires the preparation of appropriate procurement documents.
Purpose – to suggest the most suitable set of documents for public procurement in the context of BIM by analysing the documents that are necessary for implementing the stages of the building life cycle.
Research methodology – in order to achieve the aim of the research, the in-depth analysis of different countries’ procurement methodological documents and analysis of the scientific articles have been implemented. The methodology also includes expert interviewing, which was done in order to analyse the investigated standards.
Findings – After analysing the procurement procedures of Norway, Spain, France, Poland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Finland, a set of documents, including Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR), BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and BIM protocol, was considered as the most suitable for BIM-based procurement processes. In addition, the basic principles of ISO 19650-2:2018 do not reflect the specific conditions of each country, so it is appropriate to examine the possibility of providing guidance in individual national annexes that reflects the peculiarities of national procurement.
Research limitations – some research limitations were related to the challenges to access the literature, particularly the regulatory documentation associated with the public procurement procedure in a singular Country. Also, the difficulties with and accessing the document in the English language. However, in most of these cases, the document overview was analysed or translated from the native language.
Originality/Value – existing related studies are mainly oriented on a particular region/country, and no general overview of European countries regarding BIM procurement procedures has been implemented. Additionally, a significant scientific contribution of this research is the review of the fundamental standards, which includes the general specification for information management in construction projects using BIM. Implemented analysis can serve as a basis for other authors to implement their research concerning their region, to suggest the most appropriate and suitable set of documents.
Practical implications – this study contributes to the preparation of the Lithuanian market for the implementation of BIM and could help policy-makers to prepare the most appropriate procurement documents.
Effects of Multiscale Plasma Waves on Electron Preacceleration at Weak Quasi-perpendicular Intracluster Shocks
Authors: Ha Ji-Hoon , Kim Sunjung , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung
Published: June 2021

Radio relics associated with merging galaxy clusters indicate the acceleration of relativistic electrons in merger-driven shocks with low sonic Mach numbers (M
s ≲ 3) in the intracluster medium (ICM). Recent studies have suggested that electron injection to diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) could take place through the so-called Fermi-like acceleration in the shock foot of β = P
gas/P
B ≈ 20–100 shocks and the stochastic shock drift acceleration (SSDA) in the shock transition of β ≈ 1–5 shocks. Here, we explore how the SSDA can facilitate electron preacceleration in weak quasi-perpendicular (Q
⊥) shocks in β ≈ 20–100 plasmas by performing particle-in-cell simulations in a two-dimensional domain large enough to properly encompass ion-scale waves. We find that in supercritical shocks with

M

s

≳

M

AIC

*

∼
2.3

, multiscale waves are excited by the ion and electron temperature anisotropies in the downstream of the shock ramp, and that through stochastic pitch-angle scattering off the induced waves, electrons are confined in the shock transition for an extended period. Gaining energy through the gradient-drift along the motional electric field, electrons could be preaccelerated all the way to injection to DSA at such ICM shocks. Our findings imply that the electron DSA process at weak ICM shocks could explain the origin of radio relics. However, a further investigation of electron acceleration at subcritical shocks with M
s < 2.3 is called for, since the Mach numbers of some observed radio relic shocks derived from radio or X-ray observations are as low as M
s ∼ 1.5.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of Millimeter-wave Transient Sources
Authors: Naess Sigurd , Battaglia Nick , Richard Bond J. , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K. , Cothard Nicholas F. , Devlin Mark , Duell Cody J. , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Dunkley Jo , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A. , Gralla Megan , Guan Yilun , Halpern Mark , Colin Hill J. , Hilton Matt , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Koopman Brian J. , Kosowsky Arthur B. , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , McMahon Jeff , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman , Partridge Bruce , Salatino Maria , Sehgal Neelima , Spergel David , Staggs Suzanne , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei
Published: June 2021

We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient millimeter-wave sources using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at R.A. = 273.8138, decl. = −49.4628 at ∼50σ total, brightened from less than 5 mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 13 days, during which the increase from 250 mJy to 1100 mJy took only 8 minutes. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 November 8. The source’s spectral index in flux between 90–150 GHz was positive, α = 1.5 ± 0.2. The second, detected at R.A. = 105.1584, decl. = −11.2434 at ∼20σ total, brightened from less than 20 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 8 days. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 December 15. Its spectral index was also positive, α = 1.8 ± 0.2. The third, detected at R.A. = 301.9952, decl. = 16.1652 at ∼40σ total, brightened from less than 8 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz over a day or less but decayed over a few days. Maximum flux was observed on 2018 September 11. Its spectrum was approximately flat, with a spectral index of α = −0.2 ± 0.1. None of the sources were polarized to the limits of these measurements. The two rising-spectrum sources are coincident in position with M and K stars, while the third is coincident with a G star.
Activity of ROS-induced processes in the combined preconditioning with amtizol before and after cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Levchenkov Olga S. , Novikov Vasiliy E , Vorobyov Viktoriya V. , Kulagin Konstantin N.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The dose-dependent effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues in preconditioning (PreC) and oxidative stress, as well as NO-synthase participation in mitochondrial ROS production determined the study aim – to assess the impact of the neuroprotective method of combined preconditioning (CPreC) on free radical reactions (FRRs) in brain in normoxia and in cerebral ischemia, including in NO-synthase blockade.

Materials and methods: The intensity of FRR by iron-induced chemiluminescence (CL), the content of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated 1 hr (early period) and 48 hrs (delayed period) after CPreC (amtizol and hypobaric hypoxia) in Wistar rat brain. Some animal groups were operated (common carotid artery bilateral ligation) 1 hr and 48 hrs after CPreC, as well as with preliminary introduction of L-NAME and aminoguanidine.

Results and discussion: In normoxia, CPreC led to increase the CLmaximum level (Fmax) in the delayed PreC period. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBA-RP), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain did not change in comparison with the intact control in both PreC periods. In cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress was observed. The CPreC use before ischemia caused a decrease in CL parameters and TBA-RP in brain, the maintenance of SOD and high catalase activity. NO-synthase inhibitors partially abolished the antioxidant effect of CPreC in ischemia.

Conclusion: CPreC had no influence on FRRs in brain tissue in normoxia, but prevented their excessive activation after ischemia, especially in the delayed period. NO-synthase was involved in the CPreC neuroprotection.
L’évolution de la tolérance en Europe
Authors: Magni-Berton Raùl
Published: June 2021

Comme rappelé dans les deux précédents articles de ce dossier consacré à l’évolution des valeurs des Européens, Futuribles s’intéresse de longue date à l’évolution des systèmes de valeurs et à l’étude de leur transformation, en particulier grâce aux enquêtes réalisées tous les 9-10 ans dans le cadre de l’ European Values Study . Après l’article de Pierre Bréchon sur les grands enseignements de la dernière vague (2017-2018) comparée aux vagues antérieures (1990, 1999 et 2008), puis celui de Gilles Ivaldi sur la montée du populisme, Raul Magni Berton examine comment les Européens se positionnent vis-à-vis d’un certain nombre de questions éthiques (mariage, sexualité…) et civiques (fraude, corruption…), les caractéristiques culturelles ou géographiques qui s’en dégagent, et les grandes tendances que cette analyse met au jour. Il souligne ainsi un progrès général, commun, vers globalement plus de tolérance à l’égard des comportements des autres ; mais un double clivage, d’une part entre les pays de l’est et ceux de l’ouest de l’Europe (avec une nuance encore plus nette suivant qu’ils appartiennent ou non à l’Union européenne), d’autre part entre les enjeux éthiques (objets d’une tolérance accrue) et les enjeux civiques (à l’égard desquels l’intolérance est plus marquée). Enfin, au regard des évolutions passées, la tendance, au sein de l’Union européenne, est clairement à une homogénéisation des valeurs de tolérance.  S.D.
Santé au travail et délégation de l’action publique
Authors: Gautier Amandine
Published: June 2021

La mise sur agenda des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) des agents en abattoir est concomitante avec la réflexion sur la transformation de l’action publique. Cet article entend démontrer en quoi les problématiques de santé au travail sont des révélateurs de la mise en faillite de l’action étatique. Pour ce faire, il analyse les actions mises en œuvre aux niveaux local et national dans le contexte de la mise sur agenda de la santé au travail et entend montrer comment les régulations liées à la santé au travail des inspecteurs en abattoir sont intriquées dans la politique de la surveillance sanitaire des aliments (sa mise en œuvre, sa légitimité, son destin) et participent ce faisant à la redéfinition de la mission de service public. L’article montre à partir de quelles entrées, de quelles justifications, de quelles méthodes et de quels rapports de force s’opérationnalise le rétrécissement du périmètre d’intervention de l’État, ou tout au moins son déplacement.
La violence économique dans l’espace OHADA
Authors: Koïta Yacouba-Sylla
Published: June 2021

Il y a violence économique lorsqu’un déséquilibre dans les droits et obligations des parties à un contrat est la résultante de l’exploitation par l’une d’elles de l’état de faiblesse (économique) de l’autre, au moment de la formation de la convention. Enjeu croissant de justice contractuelle, le phénomène trouve de plus en plus fréquemment réponse dans les législations modernes. Dans l’espace géographique couvert par l’OHADA, il demeure du ressort des droits internes, renforcés par des législations d’origine communautaire (UEMOA et CEMAC notamment) dans certains domaines spécifiques. Les deux projets de textes de l’OHADA destinés à l’uniformisation du droit commun des obligations abordent certes la question, mais suivant deux approches différentes : l’un l’assimile au vice de violence tandis que l’autre l’associe à la lésion. Le présent article s’intéresse ainsi au régime juridique de la violence économique au sein de la zone de compétence de l’OHADA. Il commence par sonder ce régime qui, de lege lata , n’est pas harmonisé et se révèle lacunaire. Ce constat, associé à d’autres considérations d’ordre juridique et conjoncturel, permet de déterminer, de lege ferenda , les fondements d’un régime juridique uniforme optimisé.
Should We Stop Treating Patients With Eplerenone for Chronic CSCR? Commentary on the VICI Trial
Authors: Daugirdas Sarunas P. , Bheemidi Abhinav R. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: June 2021

The VICI trial reported by Lotery et al. is a recent placebo-controlled, randomized trial that examined the efficacy of eplerenone treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in 104 patients. The study found no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between the eplerenone-treated and placebo groups, prompting the VICI investigators to conclude that eplerenone should not be prescribed to treat CSCR. Limitations of the study include the patients' high baseline BCVA, use of a functional outcome like BCVA as the primary endpoint instead of an anatomical outcome, failure to account for rebound effect, and measuring subretinal fluid (SRF) thickness instead of the more informative SRF volume. Based on these reasons and evidence from multiple case series and prospective studies over the past 7 years, it is the opinion of the authors of this editorial that the VICI investigators' conclusion to stop prescribing eplerenone for CSCR is too severe. Future clinical trials should continue to explore the potential for eplerenone as long-term maintenance treatment in chronic CSCR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:308–310.]
An infinite-dimensional model of liquidity in financial markets
Authors: Lototsky Sergey V , Schellhorn Henry , Zhao Ran
Published: June 2021

We consider a dynamic market model of liquidity where unmatched buy and sell limit orders are stored in order books. The resulting net demand surface constitutes the sole input to the model. We model demand using a two-parameter Brownian motion because (i) different points on the demand curve correspond to orders motivated by different information, and (ii) in general, the market price of risk equation of no-arbitrage theory has no solutions when the demand curve is driven by a finite number of factors, thus allowing for arbitrage. We prove that if the driving noise is infinite-dimensional, then there is no arbitrage in the model. Under the equivalent martingale measure, the clearing price is a martingale, and options can be priced under the no-arbitrage hypothesis. We consider several parameterizations of the model and show advantages of specifying the demand curve as a quantity that is a function of price, as opposed to price as a function of quantity. An online appendix presents a basic empirical analysis of the model: calibration using information from actual order books, computation of option prices using Monte Carlo simulations, and comparison with observed data.
Le christianisme dans le sud de la Lusitanie (IVe-VIIIe s.). Réflexions sur son implantation au sein d’un territoire romain païen. Données archéologiques
Authors: Wolfram Mélanie
Published: June 2021

¿Qué es el cristianismo en la Antigüedad Tardía y en qué forma los lugares y los objetos nos hablan de su verdadera adhesión a la fe cristiana? Este documento se refiere esencialmente a la sociedad secular del sur de Lusitania, trata de analizar a quienes poblaron el pueblo y los campos, quienes caminaron por los viejos caminos de la región, quienes construyeron monumentos en nombre de esta nueva forma de pensar acerca de la muerte. ¿Qué es el cristianismo sino una nueva forma de responder a este miedo inherente del ser humano? De aquellos a quienes les resultaba difícil convertirse en cristianos o mantenerse a sí mismos como tales, y de aquellos que, en última instancia, murieron in pace. Trataremos de entender cómo y cuándo estas personas se cristianizaron, en qué forma se estableció la Iglesia en las zonas rurales, sin penetrar en las élites urbanas y el mundo eclesiástico jerárquico. Finalmente, y paradójicamente, cuestionamos el concepto mismo de cristianización. ¿Qué es ser cristiano durante la Antigüedad tardía y qué forma nos dicen los lugares y los objetos de su adhesión real a la fe cristiana.
 
[fr] Chrétiens dans le centre de la Lusitanie, au sud du Tage: nous ferons ici l’analyse d’une société essentiellement laïque, de ceux qui peuplèrent les villae et les champs, qui parcoururent les anciennes voies d’une extrémité à l’autre de la région, qui construisirent des monuments au nom de cette nouvelle forme de penser la mort — car qu’est ce que le christianisme sinon qu’une nouvelle forme de répondre à cette peur inhérente à l’être humain? - de ceux qui eurent des difficultés à devenir chrétiens ou à se maintenir comme tels et de ceux, finalement, qui moururent in pace. Nous tenterons de comprendre comment et quand ces gens se christianisèrent, de quelle forme l’Église s’installa en milieu rural, sans pour autant pénétrer dans les élites urbaines et le monde ecclésiastique hiérarchisé. Finalement, et paradoxalement, nous questionnons le concept même de christianisation. Qu’est-ce qu’être chrétien durant l’Antiquité Tardive et de quelle forme les lieux et objets nous racontent-ils leur réelle adhesion à la foi chrétienne?
«Romanos pero cristianos»: el proceso de «romanización» del cristianismo y las supuestas peculiaridades de la Iglesia de Hispania
Authors: Teja Casuso Ramón
Published: June 2021

Frente a la interpretación tradicional de que el cristianismo se impuso en el Imperio Romano porque logró aniquilar al paganismo, se defiende que más que aniquilación hubo un proceso de ósmosis y asimilación entre ambos «sistemas religiosos». En el marco de este proceso que el autor denomina «romanización» del cristianismo, se pretende refutar la tradicional interpretación, que se remonta a Adolf von Harnack, de una supuesta «mundanidad grosera y rigorismo fanático» que habría caracterizado la Iglesia española desde la Antigüedad.
Entre la memoria y la historia: los centenarios de la abolición de la Inquisición española en la encrucijada de la monarquía y la república
Authors: Tcherbbis Testa Jimena
Published: June 2021

Dos fechas resultan imprescindibles para calibrar la memoria sobre la Inquisición española en el centenario de su abolición: 1910-1912 y 1934, la primera referida a su inicial supresión tras la promulgación de la Constitución de Cádiz y la segunda a su abolición definitiva durante la Regencia de María Cristina de Borbón. Se trata de dos momentos centenarios distintos, uno signado por la Restauración y otro por la Segunda República. El artículo analiza los centenarios desde una perspectiva comparada para dar cuenta de los cambios y continuidades en las culturas políticas y en los modos de concebir la relación entre nacionalismo y catolicismo. Se demuestra que la conmemoración de la abolición de la Inquisición fue objeto de intenso debate en la prensa y que las distintas memorias en pugna contribuyeron a una reflexión más amplia sobre las condiciones de la creencia y la (im)posibilidad de imaginar un nuevo orden político.
Apostolado laico y legitimidad social en el Río de la Plata. El caso de la Tercera Orden Dominicana y su renovación institucional, 1900-1934
Authors: Jijena Lucrecia
Published: June 2021

La historiografía de la Iglesia ha reivindicado en los últimos años la labor de las asociaciones religiosas de laicos por su compromiso asistencial con las iglesias locales y su singular influencia en el afianzamiento de los valores y tradiciones católicas. Desde esta perspectiva, sus integrantes se solidarizaron con las necesidades materiales de los tiempos y de los más vulnerables. El pragmatismo religioso, asociado a la modernidad, consolidó el papel redentor de los comportamientos devocionales, a la vez que reivindicó la necesidad de la caridad como medio de alcanzar la vida eterna. Para el caso particular de la Venerable Orden Tercera, una renovada gestión filantrópica a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, garantizó su protagonismo como grupo de elite y el de su compromiso devocional con la Orden de Predicadores. Como ejemplo de una fecunda trayectoria al servicio de la comunidad fue la convocatoria del Primer Congreso Nacional Terciario en 1934, asamblea que dejó un legado para fortalecer bases del catolicismo y legitimar el desarrollo y vigencia de la Hermandad Dominicana.
Propiedades mecánicas y desgaste de aceros inoxidables dúplex utilizando el método de Taguchi de análisis de imagen
Authors: Rajkumar C. , Udaya Prakash J. , Salunkhe Sachin , Jayavelu S.
Published: June 2021

Los componentes sinterizados fabricados con aceros inoxidables dúplex (DSS) son adecuados para aplicaciones muy diversas. Los aceros DSS son una combinación de aceros inoxidables ferríticos y austeníticos, y son ampliamente utilizados en diferentes industrias debido a sus buenas propiedades mecánicas y de resistencia a la corrosión. El uso de DSS está creciendo año tras año en la industria del automóvil y en las industrias offshore. En el presente trabajo se estudian dos aceros, DSS A y DSS B, con estructura bifásica obtenidos por vía pulvimetalúrgica. Se utilizaron dos composiciones hechas con polvos prealeados (AISI 310L y AISI 430L) junto con estabilizadores de ferrita y austenita como cromo, molibdeno y níquel. Los polvos se mezclaron en un molino durante 12 h. La sinterización de las preformas en polvo se realizó a 1350 ºC en vacío parcial y en atmósfera de hidrógeno, respectivamente. Los compactos sinterizados se sometieron a operación de forjado a 1150 ºC y se enfriaron en agua. El análisis XRD del DSS sinterizado y forjado confirmó la ausencia de intermetálicos. El comportamiento mecánico y desgaste de DSS se analizó mediante el análisis relacional de grises del método de Taguchi. El DSS B en estado forjado sometido a condiciones de carga de 20 N bajo atmósfera de hidrógeno mostró un COF de 0,53.
Literacy Lessons Gone Digital
Authors: Lightner Sarah Campbell , McInnis Daris D.
Published: June 2021

Using quantitative methods aligned with teacher research, the authors of this chapter examined the impact of teacher modeling and peer modeling on the self-efficacy of preservice teachers in their literacy course as they designed and implemented small group literacy lessons. Findings indicate that preservice teachers use of technology was strongly influenced by the technology tools that they saw modeled by their instructors. As preservice teachers participated in the course and in each other's lessons, they became more comfortable with the use of digital tools, Zoom features, methods for online participation, online assessment methods, and literacy instruction resources. Focus group participants reported that their ease with using technology to facilitate the demonstration lessons increased throughout the semester as they participated in peers' demonstration lessons.
Online Educator Preparation That Meets the Needs of Today's Early Childhood Professionals
Authors: Bromer Billi L.
Published: June 2021

Online educator preparation can provide a useful format for the many early childhood professionals seeking to attain teacher licensure requiring a four-year college degree. Many candidates are adult students who need the flexibility that online courses can provide. The program in which the author teaches has demonstrated that an accredited and fully online early childhood undergraduate teacher education program leading to certification can be an effective way to prepare candidates. Early childhood teacher candidates who obtain a degree online attain competence in technology that enables them to better manage virtual instruction for their students.
Planning In-Person and Virtual Learning Through Translatable Instruction and the Early Childhood Flip
Authors: Rosen Dina , Poage Susan
Published: June 2021

In-person instruction is best for young children. While in-person instruction is best for young children, COVID-19 has shown educators that distance education is a viable option and might be an unavoidable reality. In this chapter, educators are identified as Teacher Nomads who need to be ready to shift instructional modes and use remote learning technology tools as important components of their brick-and-mortar classrooms. The authors develop the concept of the Early Childhood Flip. Key components of this developmentally appropriate remote instruction include visuals that mimic the classroom, a balance of on-screen and off-screen time, activities that build relationships and collaboration, edutainment and game-like elements, and engaging introductions by the teacher to motivate students in technology-driven independent remote work. The authors also introduce an approach to planning called Translatable Instruction, a design process that guides educators to mindfully balance in-person and virtual instructional tools to meet learning outcomes.
Enhancing the Landscape of Early Learning Training Environments
Authors: Loose Crystal
Published: June 2021

This chapter will detail the necessity of professional learning for instructors in early learning environments. Training methods will be addressed with emphasis placed on the utilization of technology as a tool for training and the education of young children. An often-overlooked ingredient, the audience found within training environments, will also be discussed. The degree of educational experience and generational impacts will be considered as a key piece of successful collaboration. Finally, preservice teacher education will be addressed pertaining to the impact on future classroom success.
Empowering Early Childhood Teachers for Program Completion Through the Integration of Technology
Authors: Mollenkopf Dawn L. , Gaskill Martonia C.
Published: June 2021

Political and social pressures, influenced by research on the importance of early learning experiences, are putting pressure on the early childhood workforce to go back to school to complete required certification or degrees. Online programs are effective solutions when they include a multi-layered system of supports. This chapter showcases how one university has built and maintained an early childhood program that allows fully online and face-to-face delivery options for completing bachelor's degrees or certification. Lessons learned will help other early childhood teacher education programs know how to (1) build the technological infrastructure behind successful online programs to ensure student persistence and completion; (2) provide instructor and course supports for successful online course completion, including field-based courses and student teaching; and (3) incorporate student supports that enable early childhood teachers to utilize technology successfully to complete their program. Adjustments and technological supports during the COVID-19 pandemic will also be addressed.
Infants, Toddlers, and Technology in Early Childhood Settings
Authors: Nunamaker Ross Glen Chandler , Mosier William Arthur
Published: June 2021

This chapter addresses how early childhood professionals can implement technology in early childhood settings with infants and toddlers. Early childhood educators face complex expectations to ensure children learn and develop optimally. Technology use with infants and toddlers in early childhood settings introduces additional intricacies and nuances. This chapter explores and assesses technology usage with infants and toddlers. The impact of violent media on infants and toddlers is explored. The use of applications in early childhood settings is discussed, including consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on technology usage, along with research-based solutions and recommendations to using technology with infants and toddlers. Implications for early childhood teacher education and professional development are also summarized. Finally, future trends related to technology usage with infants and toddlers are discussed.
Application of Playful Robotics to Advance Cognitive Development and Meaningful Learning Among Early Learners
Authors: Meadows Mary L. , Rodney Basiyr D.
Published: June 2021

Purposeful use of interactive media and technologies like robots are effective tools to support learning and development for young learners. Computer-based microworlds promote student agency and can enhance technology learning in early learners. Robotics is an established way to foster cognitive engagement and hands-on exploration that leads to learning. Playful robotics engages computational thinking and problem solving through the application of programmable robots and manipulatives. In this chapter, the authors explore the cognitive implications of playful robotics with kindergarten students. Social and emotional skills are also considered with respect to the value placed on peer collaboration. The study described in this chapter contributes to the understanding of how young children learn computational thinking and subject-area integration with robotics via play and exploration.
Developing Preschoolers' Computational Thinking Skills Through Digital Gameplay
Authors: Lavigne Heather , Orr Jillian , Wolsky Marisa , Brunner Borgna , Wright Amanda
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides an overview of how digital media can be leveraged to support the exploration of developmentally appropriate computational thinking (CT) skills for preschoolers. These skills, named CT Core Ideas in the project team's framework, support children's abilities to tackle problems or goals using systematic, computational strategies. The authors describe a theoretical model that outlines the ways in which CT aligns with preschool math instruction, and how children can apply their CT skills through digital gameplay. This chapter also shares lessons learned from classroom research with teachers and children and describes several game prototypes that children played to practice their CT skills. At the end of the chapter, they provide recommendations for how educators can support young children's CT by integrating hands-on gameplay into classroom instruction.
The Backbone of Decision Support Systems
Authors: Hertweck Philipp , Moßgraber Jürgen , Kontopoulos Efstratios , Mitzias Panagiotis , Hellmund Tobias , Karakostas Anastasios , Hilbring Désirée , van der Schaaf Hylke , Vrochidis Stefanos , Blume Jan-Wilhem , Kompatsiaris Ioannis
Published: June 2021

Understanding the current situation is critical in every natural disaster or crisis. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and up-to-date information about the scope, extent and impact of a disaster. The basis for this information is data that is available through a variety of sensors. Decision Support Systems (DSSs) support decision makers in disaster management, response, and recovery by providing early warnings, insights into the current situation and recommendations for mitigation actions. For this purpose, raw sensor data needs to be collected, analyzed, integrated, and its semantics need to be automatically understood by the system. This series of processes forms a generic sensor to decision chain. In this paper, we present solutions and technologies to integrate those steps seamlessly, also demonstrating how each step of the pipeline can be visualized.
A Multicriteria Group Decision Support System
Authors: Hamdani Nesrine , Hamdadou Djamila
Published: June 2021

In the present study, the authors propose a group decision support system (Web-GDSS), which allows multi-agents systems and multicriteria analysis systems to help decision-makers in order to obtain a collective decision, using web services. The proposed system operates on two main stages. First, decision-makers are in a different location away from each other. They must store their location in databases and invoke the appropriate web service. Second, in the case of negotiation between decision-makers, monotonic concession protocol will lead to an agreement using CONDORCET and BORDA voting methods.
From Motivation and Self-Structure to a Decision-Support Framework for Online Social Networks
Authors: Antunes Francisco , Freire Manuela , Costa João Paulo
Published: June 2021

Data collected from online social networks offers new possibilities for supporting organizations' daily activities. It is also common knowledge that the opinion exchange in online social networks provides a decisive contribution in decision making. It is, thus, necessary to review and bare present the motivations by which people engage in online social network and the ways in which firms can make use of such motivations in order to take advantage of online social networks as information sources for decision-making support. To do so, the authors of this chapter developed the decision-support social networks to extract such information, which encompasses the intertwined use of human interaction and network structure by combining human capabilities, social network analysis (SNA), and automatic data mining. In this chapter, a brief summary of the performed case studies over the proposed information model is also presented.
Human Capital Management in the Context of the Implementation of Digital Intelligent Decision Support Systems and Knowledge Management
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan
Published: June 2021

The basis for improving the quality of human capital in the framework of building a digital economy is the creation, mass implementation, and widespread use of digital intelligent systems in the business processes. This chapter develops the fundamental foundations of increasing the efficiency of using digital technologies and building the enterprise's information and computing infrastructure for embedding intelligent decision support and knowledge management systems in the organizational management system, which will contribute to the growth of labour productivity and increase the intellectuality of jobs. It is shown that the decisive role is played by artificial intelligence methods: intellectual analysis and modelling, decision support systems, learning avatars using neural networks, and geoinformation systems. A special role in the chapter is given to knowledge management methods, it is shown that the effectiveness of their use depends on how different economic agents acquire, generate, disseminate, and use new knowledge necessary for successful management activities.
Institutionalization of Business Intelligence for the Decision-Making Iteration
Authors: Ali Shaheb , Islam Rafiqul , Rahman Ferdausur
Published: June 2021

Business intelligence (BI) institutionalization has become a growing research area within the information systems (IS) discipline because of the decision-making iteration in businesses. Studies on BI application in improving decision support are not new. However, research on BI institutionalization seems sparse. BI institutionalization may positively contribute to a managerial role in using BI application repetitively for the decision-making iteration in businesses. This article aims to carry out an integrative literature review and report consolidated views of the body of knowledge. The study adopted a qualitative content analysis to generate themes about BI routinization in the decision-making iteration. Eighty-eight research articles were selected for the study. However, 57 articles were finally included for review. The findings suggest information management capability as the key necessity for BI application and its alignment with the organizational standard for BI institutionalization.
Decision Support for Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Khakifirooz Marzieh , Fathi Mahdi , Pardalos Panos M. , Power Daniel J.
Published: June 2021

This work introduces a formation and variety of decision-making models based on operations research modeling and optimization techniques in smart manufacturing environments. Unlike traditional manufacturing, the goal of Smart manufacturing is to optimizing concept generation, production, and product transaction and enable flexibility in physical processes to address a dynamic, competitive and global supply chains by using intelligent computerized control, advanced information technology, smart manufacturing technologies and high levels of adaptability. While research in the broad area of smart manufacturing and its challenges in decision making encompasses a wide range of topics and methodologies, we believe this chapter provides a good snapshot of current quantitative modeling approaches, issues, and trends within the field. The chapter aims to provide insights into the system engineering design, emphasizing system requirements analysis and specification, the use of alternative analytical methods and how systems can be evaluated.
Using Intelligent Tools to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Schaffer Jonathan L
Published: June 2021

Intelligent tools and collaborative systems can be used in healthcare contexts to support clinical decision making. Such an approach is concerned with identifying the way in which information is gathered and decisions are made along specific care pathways. This study develops a real-time collaborative system using an intelligent risk detection model (IRD) to improve decision efficiency in the clinical case of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. The benefits of adopting this improved clinical decision-making solution include increasing awareness, supporting communication, improving the decision making process for patients and caregivers while also improving information sharing between surgeons as key collaborative parties in the research case. This in turn leads to higher levels of patient and clinical satisfaction and better clinical outcomes.
Decision-Making Systems in Traditional and Network Organizations
Authors: Kisielnicki Jerzy , Sobolewska Olga
Published: June 2021

Decision-making processes taking place in increasingly complex traditional and network organizations require the use of modern decision support systems. As a result of these solutions, decisions are made to support the development of the organization, its modernization, and thereby lead to increased competitiveness. The subject of the analysis of decision-making systems in organizations has been explored in a number of publications. This chapter addresses selected problems concerning the design and functioning of the decision-making system in traditional and network organizations. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the decision-making process and the tools used to support this process. The results of research on evaluation of available solutions, especially in the field of information technology, in decision-making processes in network organizations were also presented.
A Communication Platform for Group Decision Support System
Authors: Abdelhadi Mounya , Hamdadou Djamila , Menni Nabil
Published: June 2021

In a group decision support system, the various decision-makers have their own information, constrains, decision strategies, preferences, and objectives which are generally not shared or communicated. This implies that the group decision process is distributed between the different entities implicated and impacted by various group members' characteristics. Solution to this problem is to find a decision that would be acceptable to all the decision-makers, following the necessity of a negotiation process that allows the elaboration of a common agreement for a group that faces a conflict on the decision to take. In the current study, the authors propose to establish a communication platform for a group decision support system (GDSS) based on web services, incorporating a multicriteria analysis methods and a negotiation protocol.
A Decision Support System and Visualisation Tools for AHP-GDM
Authors: Turón Alberto , Aguarón Juan , Escobar María Teresa , Moreno-Jiménez José María
Published: June 2021

The Precise Consistency Consensus Matrix (PCCM) is a decisional tool for AHP-Group Decision Making (AHP-GDM). Based on the initial pairwise comparison matrices of the individuals, the PCCM constructs a consensus matrix for the group using the concept of consistency. This paper presents a decision support system (PRIOR-PCCM) that facilitates the construction of the PCCM in the context of AHP-GDM, and the calculus of four indicators that allows comparison of the behaviour of group consensus matrices. PRIOR-PCCM incorporates the possibility of considering different weights for the decision makers and includes a module that permits the extension of the initial PCCM which can achieve the minimum number of non-null entries required for deriving priorities or establishing a complete PCCM matrix. It also includes two cardinal indicators for measuring consistency and compatibility and two ordinal indicators for evaluating the number of violations of consistency and priority. The paper introduces some new visualisation tools that improve comprehension of the process followed for obtaining the PCCM matrix and allow the cognitive exploitation of the results. These original contributions are illustrated with a case study.
Pervasive Business Intelligence Platform to Support the Decision-Making Process in Waiting Lists
Authors: Esteves Marisa , Miranda Filipe , Abelha António
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the increase of average waiting times in waiting lists is an issue that has been felt in health institutions. Thus, the implementation of new administrative measures to improve the management of these organizations may be required. Hereupon, the aim of this present work is to support the decision-making process in appointments and surgeries waiting lists in a hospital located in the north of Portugal, through a pervasive Business Intelligence platform that can be accessed anywhere and anytime by any device connected within the hospital's private network. By representing information that facilitate the analysis of information and knowledge extraction, the Web tool allows the identification in real-time of average waiting times outside the outlined patterns. Thereby, the developed platform permits their identification, enabling their further understanding in order to take the necessary measures. Thus, the main purpose is to enable the reduction of average waiting times through the analysis of information in order to, subsequently, ensure the satisfaction of patients.