bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepts, Measures, and Measuring Well
Authors: Saylor Ryan
Published: August 2013

Measurement theorists agree that one has measured well when one’s measurement scheme faithfully represents the concept under investigation. Yet, the conventional wisdom on “measurement validation” pays surprisingly little attention to conceptual meaning and instead emphasizes measurement error and the pursuit of true scores. Researchers are advised to adopt an empiricist stance; treat data as objective facts; and confer validity through predictive correlations. This article offers an alternative outlook on ascertaining goodness in measurement. First, researchers must measure a concept’s dimensional expanse. Second, they must contextualize their measures to ensure concept–measure congruence and categorial pertinence. Third, this approach hinges on dialogue among subject matter experts to craft disciplinary measurement norms. The article contrasts these dueling approaches through an extended example of how scholars measure the concept state capacity. Overall, this article argues that social scientists must reconceive what it means to have measured well.
The Drift From Convention to Crime
Authors: Falco Metcalfe Christi , Baker Thomas
Published: August 2013

This article conceptualizes intermittency in the form of Matza’s drift and assesses the relationship between co-offending and intermittency to determine whether the gap between offenses is influenced by a situation of company. Using the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort, we explore the age/intermittency curve for the entire sample and lifetime co-, solo-, and mixed offenders to determine whether co-offending during the life-course influences intermittency. We devote particular attention to lifetime mixed offenders, who exhibit variation between co-offending and solo-offending, by using survival analysis to predict the risk of re-offending (i.e., time to re-offense) when the immediately prior offense was a co-offense. Findings suggest that lifetime mixed offenders have the shortest average gaps between offenses. Among mixed offenders, an immediately prior co-offense is related to a significantly lower risk of re-offending (longer time between offenses). The results do not support a relationship between a situation of company and persistent offending behavior.
Military Capital in the Israeli Hi-tech Industry
Authors: Swed Ori , Butler John Sibley
Published: August 2013

The unique relations between the Israeli-armed forces and the local hi-tech industry have been identified as a strong explanatory variable for the Israeli hi-tech boom. This article highlights the role of the military as a socialization institution in those relations. We identify how the accumulation of “military capital” during military in service contributes to soldiers as veterans and employees in the hi-tech sector. Military service brings with it professional training, social ties, and social codes that influence the composition of the hi-tech workforce and hi-tech industry’s organizational and functional culture. Examination of Israeli hi-tech workers’ profiles reveals not only a very high proportion of military capital amongst the employees but also an institutional preference for those who possess it.
The Impact of Automation on Elections
Authors: Reyes Vicente
Published: August 2013

The unprecedented synchronized automated elections of May 2010 in the Philippines saw how results of presidential elections could be obtained nearly overnight. Such nation-wide occurrences dramatically altered the mode in which Philippine elections had always been propagated: Typified by arduous and oftentimes onerous delays in the publication of results stretching all the way to several months after the day of the elections. This inquiry explores the implications of this change to prevailing theories and practices of election reforms. More importantly, it critiques the premise that the automation of elections curbs corruption and that it generates authentic political competition. Using data obtained from last May 2010 synchronized automated elections, this inquiry proposes several analytical models in understanding the interplay of election reforms and corruption in determining electoral outcomes.
Beyond the ethics of admission
Authors: Parekh Serena
Published: August 2013

This article examines our moral obligations to refugees and stateless people. I argue that in order to understand our moral obligations to stateless people, both de jure refugees and de facto stateless people, we ought to reconceptualize the harm of statelessness as entailing both a legal/political harm (the loss of citizenship) and an ontological harm, a deprivation of certain fundamental human qualities. To do this, I draw on the work of Hannah Arendt and show that the ontological deprivation has three distinct though interconnected elements: a reduction to the merely human or bare life, a separation from the common realm of humanity and abandonment, and the diminishment of agency or ability to act in the Arendtian sense. If we pull apart the legal/political harm of statelessness from the ontological harm, we are better able to see that we can address some of the features of the ontological deprivation even though we may not be able to rectify the political harm. I conclude this article by discussing some suggestions that follow from a recognition of the reality and harm of the ontological deprivation.
The phenomenology of everyday expertise and the emancipatory interest
Authors: O’Connor Brian
Published: August 2013

This is a critical theoretical investigation of Hubert Dreyfus’ ‘phenomenology of everyday expertise’ (PEE). Operating mainly through the critical perspective of the ‘emancipatory interest’ the article takes issue with the contention that when engaged in expert action human beings are in non-deliberative, reason-free absorption. The claim of PEE that absorbed actions are not amenable to reconstruction places those actions outside the space of reasons. The question of acting under the wrong reasons – the question upon which the emancipatory interest rests – is thereby rendered groundless. A further difficulty for the emancipatory interest is the elimination by PEE of reflective agency. Framing expert action as perception- and affordance-driven, PEE diminishes practical reasoning. Furthermore, it understands freedom – consistently with its notion of action as affordance – as primarily the capacity of human beings to submit themselves to processes rather than to step back reflectively from them. Several criticisms of the philosophical delimitations created by methodology of PEE – phenomenology – are also developed.
Music technology-mediated teaching and learning approach for music education: A case study from an elementary school in South Korea
Authors: Kim Eunjin
Published: August 2013

This study aims to show how music technology mediated (or music software mediated) music teaching and learning can provide an effective pedagogy in music education. It also seeks to demonstrate that music technology mediated teaching is in accordance with socio-educational trends for both postmodern values and IT mediated learning. The new approach in this study utilizes the principles of “convergence” and applies diverse digital technologies to the class. After implementing the music technology mediated approach to an after-school program in an elementary school in Gyeonggi Province in Korea for 3 months, this study analyzed mind maps, in-depth interviews with the students, and surveys to examine how the students changed in terms of creative engagement and perception of music in everyday life. Results indicate that the digital technology mediated teaching and learning approach have the potential to enhance students’ self-motivated engagement in the music class and their perception of music in general.
An investigation of the use of TOEFL® Junior™ Standard scores for ESL placement decisions in secondary education
Authors: Papageorgiou Spiros , Cho Yeonsuk
Published: August 2013

A common use of language tests is to support decisions about examinees such as placement into appropriate classes. Research on placement testing has focused on English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in higher education contexts. However, there is little research exploring the use of language tests to place students in English as a Second Language (ESL) support classes in secondary education. The present study examined the relationship between secondary school students’ language test scores from a standardized English-language test and the placement of these students into ESL classes by their language teachers. Ninety-two ESL students in two English-medium schools took TOEFL® Junior™ Standard. For the same students, data collection also included teachers’ judgments regarding the ESL classes the students should attend. Strong correlations between test scores and the teacher-assigned ESL levels were found. Moreover, the results from the logistic regression analysis indicated a great degree of overlap between the teacher-assigned ESL levels and the levels predicted from the TOEFL Junior Standard scores. The findings of this study provide some preliminary evidence to support the use of TOEFL Junior Standard as an initial screening tool for ESL placement. The limitations and implications of these findings for ESL placement decisions in secondary education are also discussed.
Marketing and entrepreneurship: An integrated view from the entrepreneur’s perspective
Authors: Lam Wing , Harker Michael J.
Published: August 2013

This article explores the role and significance of marketing in the entrepreneurial process.Utilising an 11-year longitudinal study, supported by a context-rich interpretive approach, the interrelationship between marketing and entrepreneurship at different stages of the business life cycle are examined. Under an effectuation and enactment framework, entrepreneurship is neither ends-driven nor means-driven, but a consequence of the interplay between actors and social context through ongoing enactment. As the ‘joint core actors of the business’, entrepreneurs actively interact with their customers in shaping the marketing activities of the business to meet their ends.
Efficacy and safety of strategies to preserve stable extracorporeal life support flow during simulated hypovolemia
Authors: Simons AP , Lindelauf AAMA , Ganushchak YM , Maessen JG , Weerwind PW
Published: August 2013

Aim:

Without volume-buffering capacity in extracorporeal life support (ELS) systems, hypovolemia can acutely reduce support flow. This study aims at evaluating efficacy and safety of strategies for preserving stable ELS during hypovolemia.

Material & Methods:

Flow and/or pressure-guided servo pump control, a reserve-driven control strategy and a volume buffer capacity (VBC) device were evaluated with respect to pump flow, venous line pressure and arterial gaseous microemboli (GME) during simulated normovolemia and hypovolemia.

Results:

Normovolemia resulted in a GME-free pump flow of 3.1±0.0 L/min and a venous line pressure of −10±1 mmHg. Hypovolemia without servo pump control resulted in a GME-loaded flow of 2.3±0.4 L/min with a venous line pressure of −114±52 mmHg. Servo control resulted in an unstable and GME-loaded flow of 1.5±1.2 L/min. With and without servo pump control, the VBC device stabilised flow (SD = 0.2 and 0.0 L/min, respectively) and venous line pressure (SD=51 and 4 mmHg, respectively) with near-absent GME activity. Reserve-driven pump control combined with a VBC device restored a near GME-free flow of 2.7±0.0 L/min with a venous line pressure of −9±0 mmHg.

Conclusion:

In contrast to a reserve-driven pump control strategy combined with a VBC device, flow and pressure servo control for ELS show evident deficits in preserving stable and safe ELS flow during hypovolemia.
Combination of positioning therapy and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in ARDS patients
Authors: Kredel M , Bischof L , Wurmb TE , Roewer N , Muellenbach RM
Published: August 2013

Positioning therapy may improve lung recruitment and oxygenation and is part of the standard care in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) is a rescue strategy that may ensure sufficient gas exchange in ARDS patients failing conventional therapy. The aim of this case series was to describe the feasibility and pitfalls of combining positioning therapy and vvECMO in patients with severe ARDS.

A retrospective cohort of nine patients is described. The patients received 20 (15–86) hours (median, 25th and 75th percentile) of positioning therapy while being treated with vvECMO. The initial PaO2/FiO2 index was 64 (51–67) mmHg and the arterial carbon dioxide tension was 60 (50–71) mmHg. Positioning therapy included 135 degrees prone, prone positioning and continuous lateral rotational therapy. During the first three days, the oxygenation index improved from 47 (41–47) to 12 (11–14) cmH2O/mmHg. The lung compliance improved from 20 (17–28) to 42 (27–43) ml/cmH2O. Complications related to positioning therapy were facial oedema (n=9); complications related to vvECMO were entrance of air (n=1) and pump failure (n=1). However, investigation of root causes revealed no association with the positioning therapy and had no documented effect on the outcome.

The reported cases suggest that positioning therapy can be performed safely in ARDS patients treated with vvECMO, providing appropriate precautions are in place and a very experienced team is present.
Debating the ‘post-neoliberal turn’ in Latin America
Authors: Yates Julian S. , Bakker Karen
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we critically engage with the notion of a ‘post-neoliberal turn’ in Latin America. The analysis interrogates the existence and characteristics of post-neoliberalism as a mode of regulation, and explores the contributions (and limits) of the concept as a means of theorizing political and economic restructuring. We critically synthesize the literature, articulating commonly cited principles and practices of post-neoliberalism according to different political, ideological, and geographical contexts. To generate productive engagement across disciplinary and geographical boundaries, we draw on perspectives from Latin America and on concepts of ‘variegated neoliberalization’ and ‘counter-neoliberalization’ (thereby abstracting from, rather than about, Latin America).
Urban political ecology I
Authors: Heynen Nik
Published: August 2013

It has been over 15 years since the term ‘urban political ecology’ (UPE) was coined. While still often not incorporated into larger discussion of political ecology, its growing visibility in the published literature suggests that it has gone beyond an emerging theoretical lens to one that has fully emerged. This report characterizes the current literature that explicitly utilizes the language of UPE, discusses its theoretical evolution that is now seeing a second wave, as well as catalogs some of the new arenas through which the sub-field has offered novel insights into the socionatural unevenness of cities. A central contribution of this survey is to illustrate the myriad articulations of how urban environmental and social change co-determine each other and how these metabolic processes offer insights into creative pathways toward more democratic urban environmental politics.
Do Smart-Growth Environments Benefit Single Mothers? Evidence from Thirty MSAs Using the American Housing Survey Data
Authors: Yang Yizhao , Stockard Jean
Published: August 2013

This paper examines the relationship of smart-growth environments at the local and regional levels to neighborhood satisfaction for single mothers and parents in two-parent families. It employs mixed-models using an extensive data set with micro-level data for respondents from thirty U.S. metropolitan areas. Findings indicated differential impacts of smart-growth measures on satisfaction, with some having positive effects and others having negative effects. When differences occurred, the impact of smart-growth environmental measures (positive or negative) was stronger for single mothers. Much of the difference in satisfaction between single mothers and other parents can be explained by differences in housing quality.
Mass Protests under ‘Left Neoliberalism’: Brazil, June-July 2013
Authors: Saad-Filho Alfredo
Published: August 2013

The mass movements in June and July 2013 were the largest and most significant protests in Brazil for a generation, and they have shaken up the country’s political system. They expressed a wide range of demands about public service provision and governance, and concerns with corruption. Their social base was broad, starting with students and left-wing activists and including, later, many middle-class protesters and specific categories of workers. The deep and contradictory frustrations expressed by those protests were symptomatic of a social malaise associated with neoliberalism, the power of the right-wing media, the limitations of the federal administrations led by the Workers’ Party (PT), the rapid growth of expectations in a dynamic country, and the atrophy of traditional forms of social representation. This article examines the political dilemmas posed by those movements, and suggests constructive alternatives for the left.
Not at First Sight: Gender Love in Jubilees
Authors: Livneh Atar
Published: August 2013

This article examines the theme of love in Jubilees, suggesting that the author distinguishes between two types of love: ‘eye-appeal’ and ‘moral-appeal’—that is, that based on a person's attributes as expressed through ethical conduct. The first consists of a three-stage cause and effect process in which a person's outward appearance elicits erotic feelings that frequently lead to transgression of the law. In systematically depicting this sin as a violation of a recorded authoritative instruction Jubilees highlights the gravity of love/desire kindled by eyesight, which threatens the social order. In contrast, love based on moral-appeal is depicted as flourishing within the marriage bond and grounding familial harmony. The scheme is exemplified in the Jubilean reworking of the Jacob–Rachel–Leah triad and Reuben's relation with Bilhah, together with other references to love introduced by the Jubilean author.
Study on the aerodynamic noise of internal flow of regenerative flow compressors for a fuel-cell car
Authors: Kang Qiang , Zuo Shuguang , Wei Kaijun
Published: August 2013

The regenerative flow compressor used in fuel-cell cars generates high aerodynamic noise, which is the main source of noise. Compared with the research on centrifugal or axial turbomachinery, research on the noise of regenerative flow compressors is far from adequate. This paper presents the on-going work on it at Tongji University based on both experimental and computational works. In this study, a three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamic model of the compressor was constructed with the large eddy approach. The pressure fluctuation, vortex noise source and Ffowcs William-Hawkings (FW-H) method were used to analyze the characteristics of the aerodynamic noise sources. Additionally, the far-field aerodynamic noise generated by the internal flow of the compressor was predicted using the aeroacoustic finite element method. The simulation results were validated with the experimental data. It was found that combining the fluid dynamic model and aeroacoustic finite element analysis promising results for aerodynamic noise prediction of compressors could be produced. The effects of the impeller parameters on the aerodynamic noise of the compressor were also studied.
Guidance and practice on frequency of HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing in men who have sex with men – what is the European situation?
Authors: Patel Rupali R , Patel Sonali , Clarke Emily , Khan Ahmed W , Doshi Bhavin , Radcliffe Keith W ,   the European Collaborative Clinical Group (ECCG)
Published: August 2013

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at particular risk for HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI). To investigate the European guidance used for MSM STI and HIV screening, risk level profiling and how this translated to practice, we conducted a questionnaire survey of leading physicians in the European branch of the International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI). We identified that most European countries have limited guidance on screening intervals for MSM. Where risk profiling is advised, it is often left to clinicians to weight different behaviours and decide on screening frequency. Our results suggest that European MSM STI and HIV testing guidelines be developed with clear and specific recommendations around screening intervals and risk profiling. These guidelines will be particularly helpful due to rapidly evolving models of sexual healthcare, and the emergence of new providers who may benefit from guidelines that require less interpretation.
Switching to darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy vs. triple-therapy on body fat redistribution and bone mass in HIV-infected adults: the Monarch randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guaraldi Giovanni , Zona Stefano , Cossarizza Andrea , Vernacotola Luisa , Carli Federica , Lattanzi Antonella , Nardini Giulia , Orlando Gabriella , Garlassi Elisa , Termini Roberta , Garau Marzia
Published: August 2013

Changes in body fat distribution and bone mass in HIV-infected patients may be associated with long-term use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The Monarch trial recruited 30 patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or protease inhibitor−based highly active antiretroviral therapy, with HIV RNA <40 copies/mL. Patients were randomized to either darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily monotherapy or darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily + two NRTIs. Bone mass, peripheral lipoatrophy and central fat accumulation were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, supplemented by computed tomography scans. Median age was 43 years, 77% were men. Visceral adipose tissue remained stable from baseline to Week 48 in the whole group ( p = 0.261) with no significant difference between arms ( p = 0.56). There was a significant reduction in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p = 0.013) over 48 weeks in the whole group, but not of body mass index ( p = 0.24). In the darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy arm, there was a small but significant increase in both lumbar and femur bone mineral density at 48 weeks and was observed after correction for baseline values. The absolute change in lumbar bone mineral density at 48 weeks was more pronounced in the darunavir/ritonavir arm compared with the darunavir/ritonavir + 2NRTIs arm. In this study, discontinuing nucleoside analogues and switching to darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in bone mineral density, but stable levels of limb fat and visceral adipose tissue.
Bubonic lymphogranuloma venereum with multidrug treatment failure
Authors: Vall-Mayans Martí , Isaksson Jenny , Caballero Estrella , Sallés Beatriz , Herrmann Björn
Published: August 2013

A patient with proctitis and inguinal buboes diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) was treated with doxycycline 21 days, azithromycin 20 days and moxifloxacin for a further 12 days because of progressive worsening of inguinal symptoms. Despite extensive antibiotic treatment, the inguinal LGV lesions persisted; however, the patient recovered spontaneously after three months.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome overlap: a rare opportunistic infection
Authors: Marques VLS , Gomes RC , Viola GR , Maia MM , Durigon GS , Aikawa NE , Silva C Artur
Published: August 2013

Meningitis is the main manifestation of cryptococcosis in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and other organs and systems, such as the lungs, are rarely affected in this fungal infection. To our knowledge, no case of pulmonary cryptococcosis has been described in the pediatric lupus population. Therefore, we report herein one patient with childhood SLE (C-SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome overlap that presented encapsulated Cryptococcus yeast cells in lung tissue. A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with C-SLE. At the age of 16 years and 5 months, she presented with fever, cough and dyspnea, without headache, vomiting, and also without signs of meningeal irritation or other clinical manifestations. She was being treated with mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine and prednisone. Chest radiography and chest computer tomography showed a single nodule in the left posterior apex and three nodular lesions in the left hemithorax respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy were normal and without isolation of bacteria or fungi. Voriconazole was empirically introduced for 21 days. Fifteen days after the first biopsy, she underwent open thoracotomy with surgical left lung biopsy and was diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Voriconazole was replaced with oral fluconazole and this antifungal therapy was maintained with improvement of clinical manifestations and without marked alteration of radiological images. In conclusion, we report the first case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in Sjögren’s and C-SLE patient with a satisfactory clinical response to antifungal therapy. Fungal infections should be excluded in the presence of lung nodules and etiological identification is required for proper treatment.
ROC Curves for Low-Dose CT in the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Pinsky Paul F , Gierada David S , Nath Hrudaya , Kazerooni Ella A , Amorosa Judith
Published: August 2013

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported a 20% reduction in lung cancer specific mortality using low-dose chest CT (LDCT) compared with chest radiograph (CXR) screening. The high number of false positive screens with LDCT (around 25%) raises concerns. NLST radiologists reported LDCT screens as either positive or not positive, based primarily on the presence of a 4+ mm non-calcified lung nodule (NCN). They did not explicitly record a propensity score for lung cancer. However, by using maximum NCN size, or alternatively, radiologists’ recommendations for diagnostic follow-up categorized hierarchically, surrogate propensity scores (PSSZ and PSFR) were created. These scores were then used to compute ROC curves, which determine possible operating points of sensitivity versus false positive rate (1-Specificity). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.934 and 0.928 for PSFR and PSSZ, respectively; the former was significantly greater than the latter. With the NLST definition of a positive screen, sensitivity and specificity of LDCT was 93.1% and 76.5%, respectively. With cutoffs based on PSFR, a specificity of 92.4% could be achieved while only lowering sensitivity to 86.9%. Radiologists using LDCT have good predictive ability; the optimal operating point for sensitivity and specificity remains to be determined.
Beasts of burden or organised cooperation: the story of a mental health team in remote, Indigenous Australia
Authors: Hunter Ernest , Onnis Leigh-Ann , Santhanam-Martin Radhika , Skalicky Judy , Gynther Bruce , Dyer Geraldine
Published: August 2013

Objective:

This paper aims to describe the growth of a regionally-based mental health team providing services to remote Indigenous communities in far north Queensland.

Conclusions:

By drawing on their experience, the authors are able to identify factors supporting the development and sustained capacity of integrated mental health teams, working in challenging remote settings.
Timescapes of activism: Trajectories, encounters and timings of Czech women’s NGOs
Authors: Lorenz-Meyer Dagmar
Published: August 2013

Despite ongoing feminist debates about the past, present and future of feminism, the multidimensionality of time in activist work has largely remained under-examined. This article develops the partial timeframes of trajectories, encounters and timings to explore the practices of women organizing in Czech NGOs after 1989. Empirically the study draws on individual and group interviews conducted with NGO activists in 2003/2004 and 2009/2010 as well as organizational websites. The article argues that a timescape perspective provides a useful heuristic lens for tracing trajectories of organizing shaped by different funding mechanisms; activist encounters that open up social and political alternatives of acting and being; and the effects of timing activist engagements with the lifetimes of activists. The conclusion reflects on the implications of an investigation through time for reconfiguring pervasive deficit accounts of NGO-based activism and its futures.
Recruitment to clinical trials: a meta-ethnographic synthesis of studies of reasons for participation
Authors: McCann Sharon , Campbell Marion , Entwistle Vikki
Published: August 2013

Objectives

Randomized controlled trials are important for evaluating health care interventions, but recruitment can be difficult. Studies of potential participants’ perspectives on trial participation are accumulating, but their collective contribution is not obvious. In 2007, we conducted a meta-ethnographic synthesis of people’s reasons for accepting or declining participation. This paper reports a second synthesis, conducted separately on the same topic, using studies published subsequently. It discusses both the substantive findings and the methodological implications for updating meta-ethnographies.

Methods

Systematic searches identified relevant papers published between 1996 and 2005 (first synthesis), then 2005 and 2010 (second synthesis). We used a meta-ethnographic interpretive process of translation to examine the relationships between study findings.

Findings

The two syntheses were broadly compatible, but the line of argument developed in the second more clearly highlighted how potential participants’ health states and health care situations at the time of recruitment could interact with other considerations. In particular, they could influence the nature and significance for trial entry decisions of people’s judgements about: their communication and relationship with trial recruiters; the personal implications of trial interventions and processes; and the ‘common good’ (helping others) and what their non/participation might say about their identity.

Conclusions

Our work highlights the need for trialists to consider potential participants’ health and health care situations when designing recruitment approaches. It also provides the first empirical insights on the process of updating meta-ethnographies that we are currently aware of. Approaches to updating meta-ethnographies need further investigation.
Networks of knowledge or just old wives’ tales?: A diary-based analysis of women’s self-care practices and everyday lay expertise
Authors: Broom Alex , Meurk Carla , Adams Jon , Sibbritt David
Published: August 2013

Complementary and alternative medicine is increasingly popular in Australia and particularly among women. While existing research provides some understanding of women’s engagement with complementary and alternative medicine and biomedicine, there has been comparatively little examination of the day-to-day character of their experiences. In this study, we utilise solicited diaries with women aged 60–65 years drawn from the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health to capture the temporal dimension of their therapeutic engagement. Focusing on 30 active complementary and alternative medicine users, we explore women’s experiences of managing their health, illness and well-being over a 1-month period. The themes that emerge from their diaries illustrate the day-to-day enactment of lay expertise through informal knowledge networks, practices of self-trialling and experimentation and the moralities underpinning self-care. The diaries provide unprecedented temporal insight into the (often problematic) enactment of lay expertise at the nexus of complementary and alternative medicine and biomedicine. They also point to the value of longitudinal techniques of data collection for augmenting more traditional sociological ways of exploring therapeutic pluralism.
Correlating the symptoms of sick-building syndrome to indoor VOCs concentration levels and odour
Authors: Nakaoka Hiroko , Todaka Emiko , Seto Hiroshi , Saito Ikue , Hanazato Masamichi , Watanabe Masahiro , Mori Chisato
Published: August 2013

Sick-building syndrome (SBS) is a range of symptoms such as eye irritation, sore throat, and headaches that occur when entering a newly constructed or refurbished building. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are suspected to be one of the major causes of SBS. However, although Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan set the guideline values for 13 VOCs, the incidences of SBS patients have not decreased. In addition, there have been reports that when people complained symptoms of SBS, most of them also claimed to smell an odour. Furthermore, the occurrence of SBS symptoms depends largely on the person’s sensitivity. In this study, the correlation between the sum of VOCs(C2-C16) including aldehydes (ΣVOCs) and SBS symptoms were examined by statistics. The odour was quantified using the odour threshold ratio (OTR) and the correlation between the total odour threshold ratio (TOTR: sum of the OTR) and SBS symptoms was investigated. These correlations were examined separately for sensitive and insensitive groups. TOTR and the concentration level of ΣVOCs were correlated with SBS symptoms among sensitive people. The findings indicate that TOTR, in addition to ΣVOCs, could be used as a new risk indicator for human health regarding indoor air quality.
Mechanical behaviour of aircraft relevant aluminium wrought alloys at low temperatures
Authors: Schneider R , Heine B , Grant RJ , Zouaoui Z
Published: August 2013

The mechanical behaviour of the commercial aluminium alloys EN AW-5182, EN AW-6016 and EN AW-7021 is investigated at temperatures ranging from 298 to 77 K and strain rates from 1.7 × 10−3 to 6.6 × 10−2 s−1. A device that allows testing at cryogenic temperatures is developed and demonstrated, where the specimens are subject to uniaxial tensile loads. The influence of a solution heat treatment for precipitation hardenable alloys is shown. The strain-hardening coefficient is determined and mapped in terms of the experimentally investigated uniform elongation. The experimental data of tested aluminium alloys are compared with EN AW-1050A-H14, which is used as a reference. The effect of the Portevin–LeChatelier effect on ductility and strength is discussed. The Ludwik relationship is adapted to describe materials showing a Portevin–LeChatelier effect.
Exploitation and outcome
Authors: Arneson Richard
Published: August 2013

Exploitation is interacting with another in a way that takes unfair advantage of that person. Exploitation is thought to be morally wrong even when it would bring about the best attainable outcome, hence conflicts with the consequentialist morality that holds one ought always to do whatever would bring about the best outcome. This essay aims to reconcile norms against exploitation and act consequentialism. A puzzle about exploitation is raised and resolved.
Self-ownership and non-culpable proviso violations
Authors: Werner Preston J
Published: August 2013

Left and right libertarians alike are attracted to the thesis of self-ownership (SO) because, as Eric Mack says, they ‘believe that it best captures our common perception of the moral inviolability of persons’. Further, most libertarians, left and right, accept that some version of the Lockean Proviso (LP) restricts agents’ ability to acquire worldly resources. The inviolability of SO purports to make libertarianism more appealing than its (non-libertarian) egalitarian counterparts, since traditional egalitarian theories cannot straightforwardly explain why, e.g. forced organ donation and forced labor are serious wrongs even when they generate more equitable outcomes or benefit the greater good. I argue that, when SO is coupled with LP, this appeal is unfounded. SO, as usually construed, allows for the possibility of justified incursions of non-culpable agents up to and including forced organ donation. I conclude by considering a few possible responses on behalf of the libertarian, assessing each one’s plausibility.
Acts of tolerance: A political and descriptive account
Authors: Balint Peter
Published: August 2013

Almost all philosophical understandings of tolerance as forbearance require that the reasons for objection and/or the reasons for withholding the power to negatively interfere must be of the morally right kind. In this paper, I instead put forward a descriptive account of an act of tolerance and argue that in the political context, at least, it has several important advantages over the standard more moralised accounts. These advantages include that it better addresses instances of intolerance and that it is able to makes sense of state acts of tolerance.
Exploring the School Nutrition Policy Environment in Canada Using the ANGELO Framework
Authors: Vine Michelle M. , Elliott Susan J.
Published: August 2013

Excess body weight has become a major public health issue. Given the link between poor nutrition, obesity, and chronic disease in youth, increasing attention is being paid to the school as an ideal setting for promoting nutritious eating practices. Informed by the ANGELO (Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity) framework, we employ a documentary analysis to investigate the context of school nutrition in Canada, particularly the relationship between regional- and upper-level policies. In doing so, we examine policy documents and technical reports across three levels. We used mixed methods to analyze relevant English language policy documents and technical reports across Canada ( n = 58), published between 1989 and 2011. Results reveal distinct differences across federal, provincial, and regional levels. The availability of nutritious food in schools and having nutrition education as part of the curriculum were key components of the physical environment across federal and provincial levels. Federal and provincial priorities are guided by a health promotion framework and adopting a partnership approach to policy implementation. Gaps in regional-level policy include incorporating nutrition education in the curriculum and making the link between nutrition and obesity. Policy implications are provided, in addition to future research opportunities to explore the connections between these environments at the local level.
A Market Test for Ethnic Discrimination in the National Hockey League
Authors: Mongeon Kevin
Published: August 2013

This article tests for salary discrimination based on player ethnicities in the National Hockey League across various geographical locations with a market model that analyzes every game played during the 2010-2011 season. Using both the relative share of game-team players on the starting roster and time on ice as inputs, results suggest that, relative to English Canadian players, French Canadian and American players playing on Canadian teams suffer from wage discrimination. Potential confounding factors that can influence the inferences, as well as the limitations, of the market model approach are discussed.
Adelante en Utah
Authors: Alemán Enrique , Pérez-Torres Judith C. , Oliva Nereida
Published: August 2013

This case study discusses some of the issues that Adelante, a 6-year university–school–community partnership, continues to encounter in addressing college access and parent and community leadership in a community of color. It provides the sociopolitical context as well as a description of the university and community partners that make up Adelante. The two scenarios provided highlight the complexities and challenges of attempting to have an authentic university–school–community partnership given the present sociopolitical state, educational inequities for communities of color, the disconnection between the lived realities of communities of color and leading scholarship. The case relies on the partnership’s codirector and graduate student coordinators’ perspective and provides teaching notes that ask the reader to think about and react to challenges related to partnership development, higher education access for students of color, and the sustainability of university–school–community collaborations.
Leadership Stretched Over School and Community for Refugee Newcomers
Authors: Rah Yeonjai
Published: August 2013

This case study explores how multiple leaders of an elementary school, which unexpectedly received 25 Hmong refugee students, addressed the needs of the students and families by cooperating with a community organization. FAST (Families and Schools Together), an after-school program created to increase parent involvement to help their children succeed in school, became one of the components of the leadership practice for the newcomers. Leaders from the school, the Hmong ethnic community, and the local social work organization collaborated to recruit staff and parents, to customize the program for the particular needs of the refugee families who had arrived to settle in the United States. With the perspective of distributed leadership, the analysis presents how leadership practice was socially and situationally distributed among multiple leaders, followers, and the program. In the analysis section, the author discusses (a) the three types of social distribution: collaborated, collective, and coordinated distribution, and (b) how the program constrains and enables the conditions of leadership practice.
A Case of Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation in a Professional American Football Player
Authors: Yang Justin S. , Bogunovic Ljiljana , Brophy Robert H. , Wright Rick W. , Scott Reggie , Matava Matthew
Published: August 2013

Sternoclavicular (SC) dislocation is a rare injury of the upper extremity. Treatment of posterior SC dislocation ranges from conservative (closed reduction) to operative (open reduction with or without surgical reconstruction of the SC joint). To date, we are unaware of any literature that exists pertaining to this injury or its treatment in elite athletes. The purpose of this case report is to describe a posterior SC joint dislocation in a professional American football player and to illustrate the issues associated with its diagnosis and treatment and the athlete’s return to sports. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported in a professional athlete. He was treated successfully with closed reduction and returned to play within 5 weeks of injury.
Immunosuppression for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Cappelli Susanna , Guiducci Serena , Bellando Randone Silvia , Matucci Cerinic Marco
Published: August 2013

The efficacy of immunosuppressors in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease is still matter of controversy. In this review we will analyse the evidence that immunosuppressors, despite not being able to reverse fibrotic changes, may help in slowing disease progression. Induction treatment with cyclophosphamide should be started as soon as possible in patients at risk for progression. Mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab have to be considered in patients who are unable to tolerate cyclophosphamide. After remission, maintenance treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine should be started in order to preserve the benefits achieved during the induction treatment.
Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from the past to the future
Authors: Antoniou Katerina M. , Margaritopoulos George A. , Siafakas Nikos M.
Published: August 2013

During the past decade important progress has been made regarding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is the most devastating form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a median survival of 3 years. The knowledge gained has been used to design multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trials in order to investigate agents with different mechanisms of action. Encouraging results have led to licensing of the first IPF-specific drug, pirfenidone. However, the road to successful treatment is still long. The main aim for the future should be the careful design of clinical trials, by choosing the most clinically meaningful end-point and keeping in mind that combination of various agents may be more effective. This approach has been used in the treatment of lung cancer with which IPF presents many similarities.
Significance of connective tissue diseases features in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Cottin Vincent
Published: August 2013

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can occur in any of the connective tissue diseases (CTD) with varying frequency and severity, and an overall long-term prognosis that is less severe than that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Because ILD may be the presenting manifestation of CTD and/or the dominant manifestation of CTD, clinical extra-thoracic manifestations should be systematically considered in the diagnostic approach of ILD. When present, autoantibodies strongly contribute to the recognition and classification of the CTD.

Patients with clinical extrathoracic manifestations of CTD and/or autoantibodies (especially with a high titer and/or the antibody is considered “highly specific” of an autoimmune condition), but who do not fit with established international CTD criteria may be called undifferentiated CTD or “lung-dominant CTD”. Although it remains to be determined which combination of symptoms and serologic tests best identify the subset of patients with clinically relevant CTD features, available evidence suggests that such patients may have distinct clinical and imaging presentation and may portend a distinct clinical course. However, autoantibodies alone when present in IPF patients do not seem to impact prognosis or management. Referral to a rheumatologist and multidisciplinary discussion may contribute to management of patients with undifferentiated CTD.