bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure impairs stimulus–response but not contextual learning
Authors: Rosero-Pahi Mario , Andoh Jamila , Shields Grant S. , Acosta-Ortiz Alida , Serrano-Gomez Sergio , Slavich George M.
Published: June 2024

Greater exposure to stressors over the life course is believed to promote striatum-dependent over hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes under stressful conditions. However, little research in this context has actually assessed lifetime stressor exposure and, moreover, it remains unknown whether greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exerts comparable effects on striatum-dependent learning and hippocampus-dependent learning in non-stressful contexts. To investigate this issue, we used the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) and Multicued Search Task to investigate the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning and hippocampus-dependent contextual learning under non-stressful conditions among healthcare professionals (N = 205; 157 females, 48 males; Age: M = 34.23, SD 9.3, range 20–59 years). Individuals with moderate, but not low, cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exhibited impaired learning for stimulus–response associations. In contrast, learning for context associations was unrelated to participants' lifetime stressor exposure profiles. These results thus provide first evidence that cumulative lifetime stressor exposure may have negative consequences on human striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning under non-stressful environmental conditions.
Hybrid FOT2F-FOPD controller for permanent magnet synchronization motor based on ILA optimization with SRF-PLL
Authors: Nouh Mohamed , Zalam Belal A. , Sayed Amged
Published: June 2024

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems have gained popularity in various fields due to their advantages such as high speed, high accuracy, low maintenance, and high reliability. This paper presents the speed tracking control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a hybrid fractional order PI and type 2 fuzzy control with fractional order PD control (FOT2F-FOPD). The SRF-PLL observes the motor speed and estimates the rotor's position by interpreting the input voltages of the motor instead of using a sensor. Then, the controller parameters (gain, μ and λ) are tuned based on a novel optimization algorithm called Incomprehensible but Intelligible-in-time (IbI) Logics algorithm (ILA). The proposed controller enhances the performance of the system and regulates the speed of the motor under parameter variations such as the speed and the load. So, the proposed ILA (FOT2F-FOPD) controller is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulation and compared with other controller techniques. The proposed technique reduces the settling time, steady state error and overshoot by at least 65%, 54% and 53% respectively under load conditions compared with (PSO, optimized FOPD, FOPI and PI). While at no load condition, the settling time and the error are reduced by 31% and 12.5% respectively with no overshoot in output response. The results show a significant improvement in the performance of motors used with the application of the proposed controller and the employment of the (ILA) optimization compared with FOPI and PI controllers.
QSPR/QSAR study of antiviral drugs modeled as multigraphs by using TI’s and MLR method to treat COVID-19 disease
Authors: P Ugasini Preetha , Suresh M. , Tolasa Fikadu Tesgera , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: June 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose significant challenges worldwide, despite widespread vaccination. Researchers are actively exploring antiviral treatments to assess their efficacy against emerging virus variants. The aim of the study is to employ M-polynomial, neighborhood M-polynomial approach and QSPR/QSAR analysis to evaluate specific antiviral drugs including Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Arbidol, Thalidomide, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Theaflavin and Remdesivir. Utilizing degree-based and neighborhood degree sum-based topological indices on molecular multigraphs reveals insights into the physicochemical properties of these drugs, such as polar surface area, polarizability, surface tension, boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization, flash point, molar refraction and molar volume are crucial in predicting their efficacy against viruses. These properties influence the solubility, permeability, and bio availability of the drugs, which in turn affect their ability to interact with viral targets and inhibit viral replication. In QSPR analysis, molecular multigraphs yield notable correlation coefficients exceeding those from simple graphs: molar refraction (MR) (0.9860), polarizability (P) (0.9861), surface tension (ST) (0.6086), molar volume (MV) (0.9353) using degree-based indices, and flash point (FP) (0.9781), surface tension (ST) (0.7841) using neighborhood degree sum-based indices. QSAR models, constructed through multiple linear regressions (MLR) with a backward elimination approach at a significance level of 0.05, exhibit promising predictive capabilities highlighting the significance of the biological activity $$IC_{50}$$

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(Half maximal inhibitory concentration). Notably, the alignment of predicted and observed values for Remdesivir’s with obs $${pIC_{50} = 6.01}$$

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) underscores the accuracy of multigraph-based QSAR analysis. The primary objective is to showcase the valuable contribution of multigraphs to QSPR and QSAR analyses, offering crucial insights into molecular structures and antiviral properties. The integration of physicochemical applications enhances our understanding of factors influencing antiviral drug efficacy, essential for combating emerging viral strains effectively.
An exclusionary screening method based on 3D morphometric features to sort commingled atlases and axes
Authors: Cappella Annalisa , Palamenghi Andrea , Solazzo Riccardo , Mazzarelli Debora , Gibelli Daniele , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: June 2024

In forensic commingled contexts, when the disarticulation occurs uniquely at the atlantoaxial joint, the correct match of atlas and axis may lead to the desirable assembly of the entire body. Notwithstanding the importance of this joint in such scenarios, no study has so far explored three-dimensional (3D) methodologies to match these two adjoining bones. In the present study, we investigated the potential of re-associating atlas and axis through 3D–3D superimposition by testing their articular surfaces congruency in terms of point-to-point distance (Root Mean Square, RMS). We analysed vertebrae either from the same individual (match) and from different individuals (mismatch). The RMS distance values were assessed for both groups (matches and mismatches) and a threshold value was determined to discriminate matches with a sensitivity of 100%. The atlas and the corresponding axis from 41 documented skeletons (18 males and 23 females), in addition to unpaired elements (the atlas or the axis) from 5 individuals, were superimposed, resulting in 41 matches and 1851 mismatches (joining and non-joining elements). No sex-related significant differences were found in matches and mismatches (p = 0.270 and p = 0.210, respectively), allowing to pool together the two sexes in each group. RMS values ranged between 0.41 to 0.77 mm for matches and between 0.37 and 2.18 mm for mismatches. Significant differences were found comparing the two groups (p < 0.001) and the highest RMS of matches (0.77 mm) was used as the discriminative value that provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 41%. In conclusion, the 3D–3D superimposition of the atlanto-axial articular facets cannot be considered as a re-association method per se, but rather as a screening one. However, further research on the validation of the 3D approach and on its application to other joints might provide clues to the complex topic of the reassociation of crucial adjoining bones.
Early life adversity impacts alterations in brain structure and food addiction in individuals with high BMI
Authors: Ravichandran Soumya , Sood Riya , Das Isha , Dong Tien , Figueroa Johnny D. , Yang Jennifer , Finger Nicholas , Vaughan Allison , Vora Priten , Selvaraj Katie , Labus Jennifer S. , Gupta Arpana
Published: June 2024

Obesity and food addiction are associated with distinct brain signatures related to reward processing, and early life adversity (ELA) also increases alterations in these same reward regions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of early life adversity on food addiction are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between ELA, food addiction, and brain morphometry in individuals with obesity. 114 participants with high body mass index (BMI) underwent structural MRIs, and completed several questionnaires (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Early Traumatic Inventory (ETI)). Freesurfer 6 was applied to generate the morphometry of brain regions. A multivariate pattern analysis was used to derive brain morphometry patterns associated with food addiction. General linear modeling and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the effects of ELA and resilience on food addiction in individuals with obesity. Statistical significance was determined at a level of p < 0.05. High levels of ELA showed a strong association between reward control brain signatures and food addiction (p = 0.03). Resilience positively mediated the effect of ELA on food addiction (B = 0.02, p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that food addiction is associated with brain signatures in motivation and reward processing regions indicative of dopaminergic dysregulation and inhibition of cognitive control regions. These mechanistic variabilities along with early life adversity suggest increased vulnerability to develop food addiction and obesity in adulthood, which can buffer by the neuroprotective effects of resilience, highlighting the value of incorporating cognitive appraisal into obesity therapeutic regimens.
Double-modified, thio and methylene ATP analogue facilitates wound healing in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pawlowska Roza , Radzikowska-Cieciura Ewa , Jafari Sepideh , Fastyn Julia , Korkus Eliza , Gendaszewska-Darmach Edyta , Zhao Gangyin , Snaar-Jagalska Ewa , Chworos Arkadiusz
Published: June 2024

Recent data indicate that extracellular ATP affects wound healing efficacy via P2Y2-dependent signaling pathway. In the current work, we propose double-modified ATP analogue—alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP as a potential therapeutic agent for a skin regeneration. For the better understanding of structure–activity relationship, beside tested ATP analogues, the appropriate single-modified derivatives of target compound, such as alpha-thio-ATP and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP, were also tested in the context of their involvement in the activation of ATP-dependent purinergic signaling pathway via the P2Y2 receptor. The diastereomerically pure alpha-thio-modified-ATP derivatives were obtained using the oxathiaphospholane method as separate SP and RP diastereomers. Both the single- and double- modified ATP analogues were then tested for their impact on the viability and migration of human keratinocytes. The involvement of P2Y2-dependent purinergic signaling was analyzed in silico by molecular docking of the tested compounds to the P2Y2 receptor and experimentally by studying intracellular calcium mobilization in the human keratinocytes HaCaT. The effects obtained for ATP analogues were compared with the results for ATP as a natural P2Y2 agonist. To confirm the contribution of the P2Y2 receptor to the observed effects, the tests were also performed in the presence of the selective P2Y2 antagonist—AR-C118925XX. The ability of the alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP to influence cell migration was analyzed in vitro on the model HaCaT and MDA-MB-231 cells by wound healing assay and transwell migration test as well as in vivo using zebrafish system. The impact on tissue regeneration was estimated based on the regrowth rate of cut zebrafish tails. The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the SP-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP analogue promotes regeneration-related processes, making it a suitable agent for enhance wound healing. Performed studies indicated its impact on the cell migration, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and intracellular calcium mobilization. The enhanced regeneration of cut zebrafish tails confirmed the pro-regenerative activity of this ATP analogue. Based on the performed studies, the SP-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for wound healing and skin regeneration treatment.
Developing a prognostic model using machine learning for disulfidptosis related lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Yang , Jin Xuanhong , Xu Haoting , Hong Jiandong , Li Feng , Luo Taobo , Zeng Jian
Published: June 2024

Disulfidptosis represents a novel cell death mechanism triggered by disulfide stress, with potential implications for advancements in cancer treatments. Although emerging evidence highlights the critical regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathobiology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), research into lncRNAs specifically associated with disulfidptosis in LUAD, termed disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs), remains insufficiently explored. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset, we implemented ten machine learning techniques, resulting in 101 distinct model configurations. To assess the predictive accuracy of our model, we employed both the concordance index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. For a deeper understanding of the underlying biological pathways, we referred to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) for functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, we explored differences in the tumor microenvironment between high-risk and low-risk patient cohorts. Additionally, we thoroughly assessed the prognostic value of the DRLs signatures in predicting treatment outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the high-risk and low-risk cohorts (p < 0.001). The prognostic model showed robust performance, with an area under the ROC curve exceeding 0.75 at one year and maintaining a value above 0.72 in the two and three-year follow-ups. Further research identified variations in tumor mutational burden (TMB) and differential responses to immunotherapies and chemotherapies. Our validation, using three GEO datasets (GSE31210, GSE30219, and GSE50081), revealed that the C-index exceeded 0.67 for GSE31210 and GSE30219. Significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were observed across all validation cohorts among different risk groups. The prognostic model offers potential as a molecular biomarker for LUAD prognosis.
Coupling and interaction mechanism between green urbanization and tourism competitiveness based an empirical study in the Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Shen Wei , Chen Yanli , Cao Weiwei , Yu Ruyi , Cheng Jinlong
Published: June 2024

Exploring the spatial coupling relationship and interaction mechanism between green urbanization (GU) and tourism competitiveness (TC) is of great significance for promoting urban sustainable development. However, the lack of research on the interaction mechanism between GU and TC limits the formulation of effective environmental management policy and urban planning. Taking 734 counties in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the study area, this paper analyzes the spatial coupling relationship between GU and TC on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of GU and TC. Then, the interactive mechanism between GU and TC is systematically discussed, and the synergistic development strategy of the two is proposed. The results show that the GU level presents a multicore circle structure, with provincial capitals, prefecture-level urban districts and economically developed counties in east-central regions as high-value centers. The TC at county scale presents a multi-center spatial structure. Additionally, there is a significant positive spatial coupling between GU and TC in the YRB. The analysis further reveals that green urbanization level, social progress, population development, infrastructure construction, economic development quality, and eco-environmental protection has a observably influence on TC. Tourism competitiveness, service competitiveness, location competitiveness, resource competitiveness, market competitiveness, environmental influence, and talent competitiveness has a observably influence on GU. TC can promote GU, and the improvement of green urbanization level can support the development of tourism competitiveness. According to the spatial zoning method, 734 counties are divided into 6 categories, and the coordinated development strategy of GU and TC for each type of district is proposed.
Fronto-thalamic networks and the left ventral thalamic nuclei play a key role in aphasia after thalamic stroke
Authors: Rangus Ida , Rios Ana Sofia , Horn Andreas , Fritsch Merve , Khalil Ahmed , Villringer Kersten , Udke Birgit , Ihrke Manuela , Grittner Ulrike , Galinovic Ivana , Al-Fatly Bassam , Endres Matthias , Kufner Anna , Nolte Christian H.
Published: June 2024

Thalamic aphasia results from focal thalamic lesions that cause dysfunction of remote but functionally connected cortical areas due to language network perturbation. However, specific local and network-level neural substrates of thalamic aphasia remain incompletely understood. Using lesion symptom mapping, we demonstrate that lesions in the left ventrolateral and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus are most strongly associated with aphasia in general and with impaired semantic and phonemic fluency and complex comprehension in particular. Lesion network mapping (using a normative connectome based on fMRI data from 1000 healthy individuals) reveals a Thalamic aphasia network encompassing widespread left-hemispheric cerebral connections, with Broca’s area showing the strongest associations, followed by the superior and middle frontal gyri, precentral and paracingulate gyri, and globus pallidus. Our results imply the critical involvement of the left ventrolateral and left ventral anterior thalamic nuclei in engaging left frontal cortical areas, especially Broca’s area, during language processing.
The Science of Ice Cream
Authors: Clarke Chris , Cox Andrew
Published: June 2024

Ice cream as we recognize it today has been in existence for at least 300 years, though its origins probably go much further back in time. Before the development of refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions but its advance to commercial manufacture was helped by the first ice cream making machine patented by Nancy Johnson in Philadelphia in the 1840s.

The third edition of The Science of Ice Cream has been fully revised and updated with new material. The book still begins with the history of ice cream, subsequent chapters looking at the link between the microscopic and macroscopic properties and how these relate to the ultimate texture of the product you eat. A new chapter on non-dairy ice cream has been added and the book is completed with some suggestions for experiments relating to ice cream and how to make it at home or in a school laboratory.

The book has authenticity and immediacy, with a new co-author who is an active industrial practitioner, and is ideal for undergraduate food science students as well as those working in the food industry. It is also accessible to the general reader with a basic knowledge of science and provides teachers with ideas for using ice cream to illustrate scientific principles.
Quantifying mechanical abrasion of AgNP nanocomposites: influence of AgNP content on abrasion products and rate of microplastic production
Authors: Sipe Joana Marie , Berger William , Bossa Nathan , Chernick Melissa , Scott Keana C. K. , Kennedy Alan , Ballentine Mark , Thomas Treye , Hendren Christine Ogilvie , Wiesner Mark R.
Published: June 2024

Abrasion study of Ag–PETG nanocomposites helps to estimate how much AgNP microplastics are released from composite products during use or into the environment during their lifecycle.
Solvatomorphism with polar protic/aprotic and non-polar solvents in a series of complexes derived from the 5-phenylimidazole/tetrafluoroborate/copper(ii) reaction system
Authors: Delegkou Maria-Ioanna , Panagiotou Nikos , Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Tasiopoulos Anastasios , Papaioannou Dionissios , Perlepes Spyros P. , Nastopoulos Vassilios
Published: June 2024

The utilization of various crystallization solvents (polar protic, polar and non-polar aprotic) within the 5-phenylimidazole/tetrafluoroborate/copper(ii) system resulted in seventeen solvatomorphs.
2-inch semi-polar (112̄2) AlN templates prepared by high-temperature hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Liu Ting , Fang Chunlei , Sun Maosong , Chen Minghao , Ji Jianli , Shen Zhijie , Lu Yong , Tan Shuxin , Zhang Jicai
Published: June 2024

Single-crystal semi-polar (112̄2) AlN films are grown on 2-inch m-plane sapphire substrates by high-temperature hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE).
Strain-induced catalytic enhancement in Co-BTA and Rh-BTA for efficient 2e− oxygen reduction: a DFT study
Authors: Tao Ran , Liu Cheng , Ning Weihua , Li Youyong
Published: June 2024

Co-BTA and Rh-BTA are identified as superior catalysts for H2O2 production via 2e− ORR. And tensile strain could effectively reduce 2e− ORR overpotentials for Co-BTA and Rh-BTA to 0.06 eV and 0.02 eV.
Disclosure of the nano-scale hydrogen dynamics on mono-vacancy graphene: a reactivity study with incoming gases
Authors: Hassani Nasim
Published: June 2024

Hydrogenated monovacancy graphene (Hx-MVG, x = 1–7) is investigated for stability, gas interactions, hydrogen migration, and catalytic capabilities using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
A highly accurate potential energy surface for carbonyl sulphide (OCS): how important are the ab initio calculations?
Authors: Owens Alec
Published: June 2024

Ab initio quantum chemical calculations of the molecular potential energy surface of OSC are robustly investigated within the context of empirical refinement.
The photochemistry and photophysics of benzoyl-carbazole
Authors: Deree Yinon , Bogoslavsky Benny , Schapiro Igor , Gidron Ori
Published: June 2024

Benzoyl-carbazole and its derivatives are a platform for exploring processes such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). We found that their reported dual emission originates from the formation of emissive photoproducts.
Ambient pressure synthesis and structure and magnetic properties of a new A- and B-site ordered multinary quadruple perovskite
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Sen Sujan , Mandal Tapas Kumar
Published: June 2024

A new A- and B-site ordered quadruple perovskite, LaCu3Fe2RuSbO12, with a relatively high global instability index (GII > 0.02 v. u.) is synthesised at ambient pressure. The compound exhibits ferrimagnetic ordering below 170 K and VRH conduction.
Bioinspired molecule-functionalized Cu with high CO adsorption for efficient CO electroreduction to acetate
Authors: Lu Xuanzhao , Yuan Baozhen , Liu Yi , Liu Li-Xia , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: June 2024

Bioinspired molecule-functionalized Cu for efficient CO-to-acetate electroreduction via enhanced CO adsorption.
Investigation of microplastics in urban rivers of Eastern China in summer: abundance, characteristics and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Wang Luming , Huang Juan , Chen Ming , Jin Hui , Wu Yufeng , Chen Xuan
Published: June 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly becoming recognized as worldwide environmental contaminants, exerting a substantial impact on the safety of city rivers.
The endocrine disruptor effect of metal nanoparticles mainly depends on their capacity to release metal ions
Authors: Charbonnier Peggy , Jouneau Pierre-Henri , Deniaud Aurélien
Published: June 2024

This study compares the impact of different types of metal nanoparticles on major endocrine pathways. It shows that metal ions releasing ones such as silver nanoparticles inhibit Zn-finger dependent pathways, while rock solid nanoparticles do not.
Advancements in food quality monitoring: integrating biosensors for precision detection
Authors: Nath Soumitra
Published: June 2024

The integration of advanced biosensors enhances the detection of contaminants in food. This approach addresses challenges related to sensitivity, specificity, and environmental factors, ensuring food safety and quality.
Non-sticky SiNx nanonets for single protein denaturation analysis
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , An Nan , Huang Bintong , Zhai Yueming
Published: June 2024

Denaturation of individual ovalbumin induced by guanidine hydrochloride and lead ions was investigated by using non-sticky SiNx nanonets.
Base-free aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid over a Fe single-atom catalyst
Authors: Hameed Sohaib , Liu Wengang , Yu Zhounan , Pang Jifeng , Luo Wenhao , Wang Aiqin
Published: June 2024

A non-precious Fe single atom catalyst affords superior catalytic performance in terms of activity and stability with a FDCA yield of 99.8% and reusability of five recycle times in the catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA under base-free conditions.
Symmetry-breaking structure electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Han Yifan , Shang Jiachangli , Yin Shuai , Cao Rong , Zhang Jing , Jiang Wei , Liu Guigao
Published: June 2024

This tutorial review highlights the advancement of the emerging electrocatalysts featuring unique symmetry-breaking structures for nitrate reduction to ammonia.
Highly efficient production of 2,3-pentanedione from condensation of bio-derived lactic acid over polymorphic ZrO2
Authors: Dhiman Neha , Moses Abraham B. , Agrawal Deepti , Yenumala Sudhakara Reddy , Porwal Jyoti , Sarkar Bipul
Published: June 2024

The demand for fermentation-based chemicals is expected to grow in the coming years because of the increasing emphasis on using bio-based chemicals over petrochemicals.
Boosting urea synthesis in simulated flue gas electroreduction by adjusting W–W electronic properties
Authors: Yao Xiaohui , Zhu Changyan , Zhou Jie , Zhang Kunhao , Sun Chunyi , Dong Man , Shan Guogang , Wu Zhuo , Zhang Min , Wang Xinlong , Su Zhongmin
Published: June 2024

Porous catalyst with dual catalytic sites realizes efficient electrocatalytic production of urea from flue gas via adjusting W–W electronic properties.
Di-mannosylation enhances the adjuvant properties of adamantane-containing desmuramyl peptides in vivo
Authors: Paurević Marija , Maršavelski Aleksandra , Ivanković Siniša , Stojković Ranko , Ribić Rosana
Published: June 2024

Mannosylation enhances the immunostimulating activity of MDP analogs, and the di-mannosylated derivative significantly increases the immunostimulation. The introduction of the second mannose contributes to the NOD2 binding affinity.
Gold(i)-catalyzed synthesis of N-alkenyl 2-pyridonyl sec-amines
Authors: Karatavuk Ali Osman
Published: June 2024

One-pot gold(i)-catalyzed synthesis was developed in order to prepare N-alkenyl 2-pyridonyl amines. This method provides a series of N-alkenyl 2-pyridonyl amines in moderate to excellent yields (up to 98%).
Drop impact dynamics of complex fluids: a review
Authors: Shah Phalguni , Driscoll Michelle M.
Published: June 2024

The impact of fluid drops on solid substrates shows a wide variety of interesting behaviours, and has widespread interest in many industrial coating and spraying applications, such as ink-jet printing and agricultural pesticide sprays.
Uncertainty‐aware nuclear power turbine vibration fault diagnosis method integrating machine learning and heuristic algorithm
Authors: Zhong Ruirui , Feng Yixiong , Li Puyan , Wu Xuanyu , Guo Ao , Zhang Ansi , Li Chuanjiang
Published: June 2024

Nuclear power turbine fault diagnosis is an important issue in the field of nuclear power safety. The numerous state parameters in the operation and maintenance of nuclear power turbines are collected, forming a complex high‐dimensional feature space. These high‐dimensional feature spaces contain redundant information, which increases the training cost and reduces the recognition accuracy and efficiency of the fault diagnosis model. To address the aforementioned challenges, a vibration fault diagnosis algorithm in nuclear power turbines is proposed. First, a long short‐term memory‐based denoising autoencoder (LDAE) is designed to enhance the capability of uncertainty awareness. Then, a feature extraction method integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD), L‐cliffs‐based effective mode selection, and sample entropy is devised to extract the latent features from the complex high‐dimensional feature space. Furthermore, using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) as the classifier, LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost model is constructed for fault diagnosis of nuclear power turbines. Considering the impact of multiple hyperparameters of LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost model on the performance, the pathfinder algorithm is used to optimise the model hyperparameter settings and improve the fault diagnosis accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed improved LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost in accurate nuclear power turbine vibration fault diagnosis.
Asymmetric bipartite consensus for multi‐agent systems with strong‐privacy‐preserving
Authors: Fang Fan , Yang Hongyong , Liu Fei
Published: June 2024

In multi‐agent systems (MASs), not only do agents engage in cooperative relationships, but they also compete with one another. The topic of collaborative group in MASs has garnered significant attention. Due to the possibility of explicit interaction among agents, the complete sharing of known information among nodes presents a risk of privacy leakage. Therefore, this article explores the problem of asymmetric bipartite consensus control for MASs with strong‐privacy‐preserving. A novel state decomposition privacy‐preserving algorithm is proposed to achieve asymmetric bipartite consensus of MASs. This algorithm can ensure that the initial and final states of each agent will not be compromised, via a preservation coefficient designed in proposed algorithm. By employing algebraic graph theory and automatic control theory, a thorough analysis of the algorithmic performance is conducted. It is demonstrated that our algorithm can preserve the privacy of all agents in MASs while achieving asymmetric bipartite consensus, i.e. the consensus values are different in sign and modulus. Finally, the effectiveness of the main results is validated through simulation examples.
𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries for astrophysical waves
Authors: Leclerc Armand , Laibe Guillaume , Perez Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Context. Discrete symmetries have found numerous applications in photonics and quantum mechanics, but remain little studied in fluid mechanics, particularly in astrophysics.

Aims. We aim to show how 𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries determine the behaviour of linear perturbations in a wide class of astrophysical problems. They set the location of ‘exceptional points’ in the parameter space and the associated transitions to instability, and are associated with the conservation of quadratic quantities that can be determined explicitly.

Methods. We study several classical local problems: the gravitational instability of isothermal spheres and thin discs, the Schwarzschild instability, the Rayleigh-Bénard instability and acoustic waves in dust–gas mixtures. We calculate the locations and the order of the exceptional points using the resultant of two univariate polynomials, as well as the conserved quantities in the different regions of the parameter space using Krein theory.

Results. All problems studied here exhibit discrete symmetries, even though Hermiticity is broken by different physical processes (self-gravity, buoyancy, diffusion, and drag). This analysis provides genuine explanations for certain instabilities, and for the existence of regions in the parameter space where waves do not propagate. Those two aspects correspond to regions where 𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries are broken respectively. Not all instabilities are associated to symmetry breaking (e.g. the Rayleigh-Benard instability).
JWST study of the DG Tau B disk-wind candidate
Authors: Delabrosse V. , Dougados C. , Cabrit S. , Tabone B. , Tychoniec L. , Ray T. , Podio L. , McClure M.
Published: June 2024

Context. The origin of outflows and their impact on protoplanetary disk evolution and planet-formation processes are still crucial open questions. DG Tau B is a Class I protostar associated with a structured disk and a rotating conical CO outflow and was recently identified by ALMA as one of the best CO disk wind candidate. It is therefore a perfect target for studying these questions.

Aims. We aim to map and study any outflow component intermediate between the axial jet and the CO outflow in order to constrain the origin (irradiated or shocked disk wind or swept-up material) of the redshifted molecular outflows in DG Tau B.

Methods. We analyzed observations obtained with James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec-IFU and NIRCam, supplemented with IFU data from the SINFONI/VLT instrument. We investigated the morphology, kinematics, and excitation conditions of the ro-vibrational H2 emission lines and their relation with the atomic jet and CO outflow. We focus our analysis on the redshifted outflow lobe.

Results. We observe a global layered structure of the redshifted outflows in DG Tau B, with the atomic jet inside the H2 cavity, which in turn is nested inside the CO conical outflow. We also find temperature, velocity, and collimation to be increasing towards the axis of the flow. The redshifted H2 emission traces a narrow conical cavity (semi-opening angle of 9.4°) that is wider than the axial jet but nested just inside the CO outflow. Both the jet and the H2 cavity originate from the innermost regions of the disk (r0 < 6 au). The redshifted H2 cavity flows with a constant vertical velocity of Vz = 22.5 ± 0.8 km s−1, twice faster than the conical CO flow. The excitation conditions imply a hot H2 gas (Tex ≃ 2200 K) with an average mass flux of Ṁ(H2) = 3 × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1, which is significantly lower than the jet and CO values.

Conclusions. The global layered H2-CO structure in temperature, velocity, and collimation in the DG Tau B redshifted lobe is consistent with a magneto-hydrodynamic disk wind scenario. The hot H2 could trace the inner, dense photodissociation layer in the wind. An H2 launching region at disk radii of 0.2−0.4 au combined with a large ejection efficiency (ξ ≃ 1) would account for the mass flux and kinematics. Alternatively, the near-IR ro-vibrational H2 could be emitted in the interaction layer driven by successive jet bow shocks into an outer disk wind or envelope. Further constraints on both scenarios will be obtained from the analysis of MIRI observations.
The PAU Survey: Galaxy stellar population properties estimates with narrowband data
Authors: Csizi B. , Tortorelli L. , Siudek M. , Grün D. , Renard P. , Tallada-Crespí P. , Sánchez E. , Miquel R. , Padilla C. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztañaga E. , Casas R. , Serrano S. , De Vicente J. , Fernandez E. , Eriksen M. , Manzoni G. , Baugh C. M. , Carretero J. , Castander F. J.
Published: June 2024

A newfound interest has been seen in narrowband galaxy surveys as a promising method for achieving the necessary accuracy on the photometric redshift estimate of individual galaxies for next-generation stage IV cosmological surveys. One key advantage is the ability to provide higher spectral resolution information on galaxies, which ought to allow for a more accurate and precise estimation of the stellar population properties for galaxies. However, the impact of adding narrowband photometry on the stellar population properties estimate is largely unexplored. The scope of this work is two-fold: 1) we leverage the predictive power of broadband and narrowband data to infer galaxy physical properties, such as stellar masses, ages, star formation rates, and metallicities; and 2) we evaluate the improvement of performance in estimating galaxy properties when we use narrowband instead of broadband data. In this work, we measured the stellar population properties of a sample of galaxies in the COSMOS field for which both narrowband and broadband data are available. In particular, we employed narrowband data from the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) and broadband data from the Canada France Hawaii Telescope legacy survey (CFHTLS). We used two different spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes to measure galaxy properties, namely, CIGALE and PROSPECTOR. We find that the increased spectral resolution of narrowband photom try does not yield a substantial improvement in terms of constraining the galaxy properties using the SED fitting. Nonetheless, we find that we are able to obtain a more diverse distribution of metallicities and dust optical depths with CIGALE when employing the narrowband data. The effect is not as prominent as expected, which we relate to the low narrowband signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of a majority of the sampled galaxies, the respective drawbacks of both codes, and the restriction of coverage to the optical regime. The measured properties are compared to those reported in the COSMOS2020 catalogue, showing a good agreement. We have released the catalogue of measured properties in tandem with this work.
Gravitational lensing by an ellipsoidal Navarro–Frenk–White dark-matter halo: An analytic solution and its properties
Authors: Heyrovský David , Karamazov Michal
Published: June 2024

Context. The analysis of gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters typically relies on ellipsoidal lens models to describe the deflection of light by the involved dark-matter halos. These models are most often based on the isothermal density profile – not an optimal description of the halo, but easy to use because it leads to an analytic deflection-angle formula.

Aims. Dark-matter halos are better described by the Navarro–Frenk–White (hereafter NFW) density profile. We set out to study lensing by a general triaxial ellipsoidal NFW halo, with the aim of providing an analytic model that would be more consistent with the current understanding of dark-matter halos.

Methods. We computed the conversion between the properties of a triaxial ellipsoidal lens model and its elliptical surface-density profile. In the case of the NFW lens model, its angular scale is defined by the projected scale semi-major axis of the halo, while its lensing regime depends on two parameters: the projected eccentricity e and the convergence parameter κs. We employed the Bourassa & Kantowski formalism to compute the complex scattering function of the model, which yields the deflection-angle components when separated into its real and imaginary parts.

Results. We present the obtained closed-form expressions for the deflection-angle components, valid for an arbitrary eccentricity of the surface-density profile. We use them to compute and describe the lensing properties of the model, including: the shear, its components, and the phase; the critical curves, caustics, and the parameter-space mapping of their different geometries; the deformations and orientations of images.

Conclusions. The analytically solved ellipsoidal NFW lens model is available for implementation in gravitational lensing software. The techniques introduced here such as the image-plane analysis can prove to be useful for understanding the properties of other lens models as well.
Detecting galaxy groups populating the local Universe in the eROSITA era
Authors: Marini I. , Popesso P. , Lamer G. , Dolag K. , Biffi V. , Vladutescu-Zopp S. , Dev A. , Toptun V. , Bulbul E. , Comparat J. , Malavasi N. , Merloni A. , Mroczkowski T. , Ponti G. , Seppi R. , Shreeram S. , Zhang Y.
Published: June 2024

Context.eROSITA will deliver an unprecedented volume of X-ray survey observations, 20 − 30 times more sensitive than ROSAT in the soft band (0.5 − 2.0 keV) and for the first time imaging in the hard band (2 − 10 keV). The final observed catalogue of sources will include galaxy clusters and groups along with obscured and unobscured (active galactic nuclei) AGNs. This calls for a powerful theoretical effort to mitigate potential systematics and biases that may influence the data analysis.

Aims.We investigate the detection technique and selection biases in the galaxy group and AGN populations within a simulated X-ray observation conducted at the depth equivalent to a four-year eROSITA survey (eRASS:4).

Methods.We generate a mock observation spanning 30 × 30 deg2based on the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Magneticum Pathfinder fromz = 0 up to redshiftz = 0.2, mirroring the depth of eRASS:4 (with an average exposure of ∼600 s). We combined a physical background from the real eFEDS background analysis with realistic simulations of X-ray emission for the hot gas, AGNs, and XRB. Using a detection method similar to that utilised for eRASS data, we assessed completeness and contamination levels to reconstruct the luminosity functions for both extended and point sources within the catalogue.

Results.We define the completeness of extended detections as a function of the input X-ray fluxS​500and halo massM500at the depth of eRASS:4. Notably, we fully recovered the brightest (most massive) galaxy clusters and AGNs. However, a significant fraction of galaxy groups (M200 < 1014 M⊙) remain undetected. Examining gas properties between the detected and undetected galaxy groups at a fixed halo mass, we observe that the detected population typically displays higher X-ray brightness compared to the undetected counterpart. Furthermore, we establish that X-ray luminosity primarily correlates with the hot gas fraction, rather than temperature or metallicity. Our simulation suggests a systematic selection bias in current surveys, leading to X-ray catalogues predominantly composed of the lowest-entropy, gas-richest, and highest surface brightness halos on galaxy group scales.
Assessment of risk management process coloring of building products and constructions
Authors: Loganina Valentina , Uchaeva Tatyana , Zaitseva Maria , Sokolova Yulia
Published: June 2024

Information is provided on the application of risk management technology to the analysis of the quality of paint and varnish coatings on a cement substrate. A diagram of the occurrence of defects in the process of painting building products and structures is presented. The structural diagram of the reliability of protective and decorative coatings for cement concrete is considered. The structural diagram of the reliability of protective and decorative coatings is presented as a set of three elements connected in series: the coating itself, the contact layer and the substrate (plaster). The probability of destruction of coatings and the contact layer during the process of cyclic freezing and thawing has been assessed. Risk values were calculated. It was revealed that the risk associated with the destruction of the contact layer is less compared to the risk of destruction of the coating from the surface. Economic damage was calculated. Recommendations are given to reduce the risk of destruction of the coating-substrate system, which consists of increasing the adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate, which will reduce the risk associated with destruction of the contact layer.
Sound insulation properties of materials and methods used in civil engineering
Authors: Yerzatova Merey , Zhaksybekov Temirlan , Rakhimov Askhat , Akhmetov Nuraly , Buryanov Aleksandr
Published: June 2024

The issue of sound insulation in enclosing structures continues to be extremely prevalent in both newly constructed and exploited buildings. Standard fencing solutions frequently employ contemporary wall materials without the additional sound insulation that is required. This study investigates the materials applied to soundproofing in various residential buildings and evaluates the extent to which they assist in reducing noise levels indoors. The research suggests measurement techniques to assess how effectively certain building materials and architectural layouts perform in terms of acoustics when used during the construction. The results of the study expand knowledge of noise absorption materials used in the context of urban development and provide recommendations for construction regulations and architectural designs to improve living environments while minimizing noise-related complaints.
Influence of Compliance of the Connection of Reinforced Concrete Structures in the Analysis of Progressive Collapse Hazard
Authors: Korenkov Pavel , Meliksetyan Sergey
Published: June 2024

The results of a numerical study of a fragment of a reinforced concrete frame of a multi-storey building with a special impact in the form of a sudden hypothetical removal from operation of one column are presented. For a more rigorous assessment of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete frames of multi-storey buildings, it is proposed to take into account the elastic-plastic work of the junctions of structural elements. Two options for connecting a crossbar with a column are considered: the first is absolutely rigid, the second is taking into account nonlinear compliance in the areas: "bending moment-angle of rotation", "transverse force-deformation", "longitudinal force-deformation". According to the results of numerical analysis, a change in internal forces (up to 30%) in the elements of reinforced concrete systems is shown due to the non-linear operation of both structural materials and the geometric non-linearity of the change in the dimensions of the design model due to the compliance of nodes. The revealed differences in the nature of the change in the stress-strain state are explained by an increase in the plastic properties of the carrier system. The established phenomena require further experimental verification, taking into account various types of structural element connections.
Simply supported built-up I-beam optimization comparison
Authors: Vu Huy Hoang , Chu Thi Hoang Anh
Published: June 2024

The simply supported beams are commonly used in practice. They present many advantages in design as well as in fabrication and erection. Because the moment of the beam is not constant along its length, the section needs to vary to use the least amount of raw material. Various optimization methods have been proposed, including web trimming, reducing the width of flanges, or changing the flange thickness. In terms of fabrication and installation, it is preferable to keep the beam height and the flange thickness unchanged, making the second solution the most popular. Previous studies have only discussed the flange-stepped solution. Thus, this article will focus on tapering the beam flange by investigating the optimal parameters in terms of the beam weight. The new formulas to determine these optimal parameters will be proposed. The formulas are then used to calculate the material saved by the method. The outcomes are next compared to those of other optimization methods. The result shows that flange-tapered is the most efficient solution.