bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Image Classifier based on Manifold Learning
Authors: Situ Jinghao
Published: December 2023

Currently most of image classification tasks are achieved by supervised learning. High-quality datasets naturally bring difficulties in annotation, and the datasets in real-world applications present a nonlinear structure, and the annotation cost grows exponentially with the number of targets and the difficulty of recognisability. In this context, research about unsupervised image classification is the way to go. Traditional unsupervised learning for classification is mostly based on the Euclidean distance and various paradigms, which is unable to extract the nonlinear structure of the dataset. This shortcoming makes the accuracy of traditional unsupervised image classification drop drastically. In this paper, we propose to first extract the nonlinear structure of the original dataset using the manifold learning method, and then produce pseudo-labels through the agglomerative clustering algorithm. The pseudo-labels obtained in this way can effectively retain the special mathematical structure of the original data with high accuracy. The neural network is trained with these pseudo labels to obtain an unsupervised usable image classifier. The classifier can be trained on small-scale data and then applied to large-scale data sets, thus saving the cost of manual labelling. The experiments are carried out by setting up a control group and two manifold learning groups for the extraction of non-linear structures using LLE and Isomap algorithms respectively. After that, the production of pseudo-labels and the training of neural networks are completed, and the accuracy of the three groups is compared. Finally, it is concluded that the correct rate of the two groups that have gone through the manifold learning algorithm to extract the nonlinear structure is much higher than that of the other one, and the image classifier based on the Isomap algorithm achieves an accuracy of 85% in the test set, which is highly practical.
Robot Real-time Pedestrian Tracking Algorithm based on Deep Learning
Authors: Qu Ziheng
Published: December 2023

In recent years, deep learning models have greatly improved the performance of pedestrian detection and tracking. Although the accuracy of neural network-based modeling methods is high, they often require large computational and storage resource overheads, which makes them difficult to apply to robots with high resource requirements. Pedestrian tracking for robots still faces great challenges in the problems of occlusion, multi-target, and target loss. In this thesis, we focus on solving the problem of real-time pedestrian tracking by lightweight fusion of deep learning target detection models for robots, firstly, through the lightweight YOLO network, we perform pedestrian detection and feature extraction, and then we propose a Gaussian mixture model based feature matching method to construct the target pedestrian tracker, and finally, we use the PID-based control algorithm for real-time control of the robot's motion, and finally realize the real-time pedestrian Tracking. In this thesis, we validate the feature matching method based on the Gaussian mixture model on the ETH dataset, and at the same time, combined with the motion control algorithm, we carry out the actual validation, and the experimental results show that our proposed method can realize the real-time pedestrian tracking.
Komnas Perempuan, Consolidation Role and Institutionalization Policy Violence Sexuality in the Environment College
Authors: Krisnaldo Triguswinri
Published: December 2023

The Role of The National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) in Permendikbud No. 30 of 2021 concerning on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in the Higher Education Environment is considered very significant. Moreover, the social and intellectual works carried out by The National Commission on Violence Against Women in advocating for survivors of violence; conducting study and research for collecting data and reports; organizing public discussions, campaigns, outreach and education related to the phenomenon of violence; and the consolidation initiated by The National Commission on Violence Against Women involving the involvement of universities, civil society organizations, religious groups, and the government resulted crucial and massive results. This study used a qualitative method with The National Commission on Violence Against Women as its research object.
Semantic Change in Javanese Kinship Term of Address
Authors: Muzaki Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Within the development of the era, the meaning of the words also developed and changed. One of the word-meaning conversions in society is the conversion of the term of address, particularly in kinship relationships. A case study in Gedang Kulut Village revealed that the word of speech Cak (Old Brother) and Mbak (Old Sister) is not only used to call the old brother and sister but also refers to the Man (Uncle) and Bebek (Aunt). The other conversion uses Pak De (Uncle) and Mak De (Aunt) to substitute the term of address for grandmother and grandfather. The paper aims to analyse the representation of speech in the Javanese language used in Gedang Kulut Village, Gresik District. The methodology uses a descriptive qualitative method that also emphasises the semantics approach. The result shows a unique word-meaning conversion in the Javanese term of address used in Gedang Kulut Village. Moreover, the mutation appearing in the word of speech causes the social marks to change either up or down.
Study on the Effectiveness of Picture Series Method in Improving the Writing Ability of Recount Text for Junior High School Students
Authors: Sitompul Heppy Theresia
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the importance of developing recount text writing skills for junior high school students in English language learning. In the 2013 curriculum, English language skills are very important in preparing a generation that can compete globally. However, writing skills often receive less attention, and students tend to write only because the teacher commands them.
The picture series method is an effective approach to improving the ability to write recount texts. This method involves a series of pictures to help students string past events into a structured narrative. The results showed that the picture series method can increase students' learning motivation, overcome barriers in writing, and strengthen teacher-student relationships.
This research uses a literature review approach and field research at SMP Negri 4 Pematang Siantar to collect data on the effectiveness of the serial image method in improving the ability to write recount texts. Through literature analysis and observation of students, it was found that most students showed interest and enthusiasm in using the serial image method. A total of 81% of students succeeded in writing recount texts with the help of this method.
In conclusion, the picture series method is effective in overcoming the problem of students' writing ability and improving learning interaction. This article suggests that teachers use the series picture method to learn to recount texts to create a more interesting and creative learning environment for junior high school students. This method can help students develop better thinking skills, emotional responses, and writing skills.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Teks Bahasa Arab Pada Siswa Kelas Ix Mts Al Hidayah Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Saryati Rasmi
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACK
This study aims to determine the improvement of Arabic text comprehension skills through the application of the Cooverative Integrated Reading and Compistion model in class IX MTs Al Hidayah Tangerang Regency. The approach of this research is quantitative and the type of research is classroom action research. Classroom action research is a form of research that is reflective in nature by taking certain actions to improve or improve learning practices in the classroom more professionally. It can be concluded that the CIRC method is very helpful for students in understanding Arabic text. In action I, it is known that the number of respondents in the excellent category was 13 respondents 52%, the number of respondents in the good category was 9 respondents 36%, and respondents in the fair category were 3 respondents 12%. And in action II it is known that the number of respondents in the excellent category was 20 respondents 80%, and the number of respondents in the good category was 5 respondents 20%.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman teks Bahasa Arab melalui penerapan model Cooverative Integrated Reading and Composition di kelas IX MTs Al Hidayah Kabupaten Tangerang. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Actoins Research). Penelitian tindakan kelas merupakan suatu bentuk penelitian yang bersifat reflektif dengan melakukan tindakan-tindakan tertentu untuk memperbaiki atau meningkatkan ptaktik-praktik pembelajaran di kelas secara lebih profesional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode CIRC sangat membantu siswa dalam memahami teks Bahasa Arab. Pada tindakan I diketahui bahwa jumlah responden dengan kategori baik sekali sebanyak 13 responden 52%, jumlah responden dengan kategori baik sebanyak 9 responden 36%, dan responden dengan kategori cukup sebanyak 3 responden 12%. Dan pada tindakan II diketahui bahwa jumlah responden dengan kategori baik sekali sebanyak 20 responden 80%, dan jumlah responden dengan kategori baik sebanyak 5 responden 20%.
Asynchronous Edward: Comparing Online Responses to Gender in Christopher Marlowe's Edward II and Elizabeth Cary's The History of the Most Unfortunate Prince Edward II
Authors: Orchard Chris
Published: December 2023

This essay examines how students in an online undergraduate English literature survey course (in 2023) reacted to and wrote responses in forum posts to a comparative reading of Christopher Marlowe’s sixteenth century play Edward II and Elizabeth Cary’s seventeenth century prose account of the same monarch.
“Fond and Frivolous Gestures”: A Blocking Workshop on Marlowe’s Tamburlaine
Authors: Aebischer Pascale , Ash Amber , Boyd Jessica , Canning Aimee , Cooper Natasha , Freedman Naomi , Gallucci Sofia , Heslop Zoe , Nadin Charlie , Preedy Chloe , Rush Phylly , Sparey Victoria , Webster Connor
Published: December 2023

Since 2012, second-year English and Drama undergraduates at the University of Exeter have had the opportunity to take a course called “Theatrical Cultures”. This option introduces students to plays and entertainments that were popular between the 1580s and the 1640s, with a view to opening an understanding of the period that is deeply informed by theatre history. In this essay, we share and reflect on our teaching of Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine, Parts One and Two, which examines the plays as productions by the Lord Admiral’s Men in the Rose playhouse. We start by explaining the learning context for the blocking workshop we use as a practical teaching method. We then share instructions for setting up the workshop and outline our “learning-by-doing” methodology, which involves placing the bodies of our students and the properties necessary to perform a scene within the dimensions of the first Rose stage. The intended learning outcomes of the workshop include a practical understanding of the affordances of the early modern playhouse and the ability to translate this understanding into a critical interpretation of Marlowe’s drama. As students deliver lines, wield swords and crowns, and try to imagine how a chariot navigates the stage space available, they recognise moments of potential bathos and physical comedy in the plays, hinting at those “fond and frivolous gestures” that Marlowe’s publisher, Richard Jones, sought to remove from the 1590 play-text. In the third section of the essay, we evaluate these insights and the workshop’s pedagogical value by sharing reflections by tutors and students who have participated in the blocking workshop.
Assessing Marlowe in Context
Authors: Hansen Adam
Published: December 2023

This essay outlines the design and rationale of an innovative assessment used on a module dedicated to Marlowe in a UK university.
Pragmatic ethical approaches to evangelising in the medical encounter
Authors: Ellis C
Published: December 2023

This paper describes the practical ethical issues and addresses some of the difficulties that arise at the interface between religion and the practice of medicine.Situations that arise between the physician and the patient concerning religious and spiritual beliefs are described. Approaches and caveats to offering religious opinions, instructions and evangelising in the medical encounter are proposed by the author.
Core competencies in critical care for general medical practitioners in South Africa: A Delphi study
Authors: Maasdorp S D , Paruk F , De Vasconcellos K , Grion C , Joubert I , Joynt G , Kalafatis N , Lapinsky S E , Lipman J , Malbrain M L N G , Mrara B , Richards G A , Spruyt M , Van der Merwe E , Vincent J-L , Van der Merwe L J
Published: December 2023

Background. Despite a high burden of disease that requires critical care services, there are a limited number of intensivists in South Africa (SA). Medical practitioners at district and regional public sector hospitals frequently manage critically ill patients in the absence of intensivists, despite these medical practitioners having had minimal exposure to critical care during their undergraduate training.Objectives. To identify core competencies in critical care for medical practitioners who provide critical care services at public sector hospitals in SA where intensivists are not available to direct patient management.
Methods. A preliminary list of core competencies in critical care was compiled. Thereafter, 13 national and international experts were requested to achieve consensus on a final list of core competencies that are required for critical care by medical practitioners, using a modified Delphi process.
Results. A final list of 153 core competencies in critical care was identified.
Conclusion. The core competencies identified by this study could assist in developing training programmes for medical practitioners to improve the quality of critical care services provided at district and regional hospitals in SA.
Recursive self-embedded vocal motifs in wild orangutans
Authors: Lameira Adriano R. , Hardus Madeleine E. , Ravignani Andrea , Raimondi Teresa , Gamba Marco
Published: December 2023

Recursive procedures that allow placing a vocal signal inside another of similar kind provide a neuro-computational blueprint for syntax and phonology in spoken language and human song. There are, however, no known vocal sequences among nonhuman primates arranged in self-embedded patterns that evince vocal recursion or potential insipient or evolutionary transitional forms thereof, suggesting a neuro-cognitive transformation exclusive to humans. Here, we uncover that wild flanged male orangutan long calls feature rhythmically isochronous call sequences nested within isochronous call sequences, consistent with two hierarchical strata. Remarkably, three temporally and acoustically distinct call rhythms in the lower stratum were not related to the overarching rhythm at the higher stratum by any low multiples, which suggests that these recursive structures were neither the result of parallel non-hierarchical procedures or anatomical artifacts of bodily constrains or resonances. Findings represent a case of temporally recursive hominid vocal combinatorics in the absence syntax, semantics, phonology or music. Second-order combinatorics, ‘sequences within sequences’, involving hierarchically organized and cyclically structured vocal sounds in ancient hominids may have preluded the evolution of recursion in modern language-able humans.
Integrating blockchain into global finance: a case study of SWIFT's strategic collaboration with Chainlink
Authors: Camargo Arthur Mesquita
Published: December 2023

This study scrutinizes the strategic blueprint implemented by SWIFT in 2023, focusing on the integration of blockchain technology into the financial communication infrastructure. By conducting a systematic analysis, juxtaposed with current academic dialogues, the research reveals SWIFT's response to the emerging demands for secure, efficient, and collaborative financial transactions. The collaboration with Chainlink is highlighted as a practical move towards addressing the exigencies of enhanced cyber resilience and governance in the face of evolving technological landscapes. The study's findings illuminate the potential of SWIFT's approach to streamline the transition towards blockchain technology, minimizing the adaptation requirements for financial institutions, and suggesting a replicable model for widespread adoption. The relevance of this research extends beyond academic circles, offering insights into the adoption of blockchain technology at a critical juncture in financial history, with implications for improved transactional security and efficiency that benefit a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Regulatory bodies, financial entities, and consumers stand to gain from the advancements detailed in this study, which outlines a path for the integration of technology that promises a more cohesive, secure, and efficient global financial system. This research contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of blockchain's practical applications and sets the stage for future innovations in financial operations.
Ferramentas para o planejamento organizacional: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Guimarães Jaiandra da Silva , Mannarelli Filho Téucle , Baptista Renato Dias
Published: December 2023

Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma síntese das ferramentas utilizadas no planejamento organizacional por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL). O cenário empresarial está em constante mudança e enfrenta muitos desafios, por isso é importante ter estratégias adequadas para se manter competitivo e sustentável. O estudo revisou todas as teorias relevantes de forma cronológica e realizou uma análise de conteúdo dos artigos selecionados. Foram encontrados 22 mecanismos de apoio aos planejadores organizacionais voltados ao aspecto social, econômico e ambiental em diversas áreas de atuação e finalidades. Também foi elaborado um mapeamento das principais escolas do pensamento estratégico e apresentada a evolução da quantidade de publicações científicas relacionadas ao tema, além da distribuição geográfica dos artigos nos diversos países. O estudo atingiu seus objetivos e  tem ampla aplicação prática nas ciências sociais, em especial no planejamento estratégico empresarial.
O plano de desenvolvimento da educação (PDE) como base da política educacional para a educação básica: a questão da qualidade
Authors: De Albuquerque Severino Vilar
Published: December 2023

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi analisar as contribuições do PAR para a melhoria da qualidade da educação básica. Em sua especificidade discute a política educacional do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), analisando suas bases políticas e os aspectos de sua configuração. O estudo apoiou-se em documentos oficiais e em autores, entre os quais, Ball (2001); Fonseca (2009); Krawczyk (2008); Saviani (2009).  O estudo se utilizou de análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação sistemática. Concluiu que o PDE denota uma preocupação em elevar o Ideb das escolas públicas, com vistas a colocar a educação do país em posição favorável no ranking internacional.
Effect of Tactile and Kinaesthetic Stimulation in Preterm Neonates with Hyperbilirubinaemia: A Study Protocol
Authors: Kothiyal Saumya , Samuel Asir John , Chahal Aksh
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Elevated Total Serum/Plasma Bilirubin (TSB) levels in the blood manifest as hyperbilirubinaemia, which is commonly observed among newborns and can result in significant long-term consequences. Need for the study: Long-term phototherapy may have negative effects on newborns. These effects can potentially be mitigated if tactile and kinaesthetic stimulation are proven to be effective as adjuvants to phototherapy, thereby reducing its duration. Aim: The study aims to investigate the effect of tactile and kinaesthetic stimulation among preterm neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia. Materials and Methods: Ninety-four neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) will be recruited and allocated through block randomisation into two groups: the experimental group (massage therapy + tactile stimulation + phototherapy) and the control group (only phototherapy). TSB levels, Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TcB) levels, and weight gain in neonates will be measured as outcomes at baseline and each day for two days following treatment.
FTIR and XRD Characterization of the Cements Available in Commercial Market of Nepal
Authors: Baral Gaurab , Marahatta Anant Babu
Published: December 2023

In the engineering material characterizations and analytical domains where the specific physicochemical properties of the materials are probed through various sophisticated instrumental tools and techniques, the XRD and FTIR spectroscopy stand as the standalone applications as the former discloses the crystallographic structure, crystallite/grain sizes, and the chemical compositions of the specific materials nondestructively while the latter reveals details about the IR active vibrations modes of each covalent bond of their chemical constituents. In the present studies, we employ both of these techniques, and characterize the specifically selected variable manufactured ready-to-use dry OPC type cements available in the commercial markets of Nepal. The former technique derived the specific 2\(\theta\) value deterministic for identifying the closely packed interatomic layers with the significant levels of CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and arsenic As5+ based AsO43- unit bearing crystalline phases in each samples. The calculated crystallite sizes of them are found as equal as that reported for the calcite based OPC cements, and are directly adopted to depict their utmost intermixing propensities with the carbon dust and hence, act as the most potential evidence of unlocking the possibility of inventing cement-carbon composites based supercapacitors and conductive devices, and of speculating their distinguishable hydration rates and setting times. And, the latter technique produced intense IR active bands in the designated wave number regions are used to confirm their silicate (SiO42-) tetrahedra, amorphous CaCO3 phases & the CO32-unit holding chemical constituents, 2CaO.SiO2 and 3CaO.SiO2 type chemical compounds explicitly. The presence of diffused type IR bands specific to the Al2O3 based chemical compounds signified that all of them contains significant levels of the alumina based hardening elements, but the complete absence of the peak typical to the Mg-O signified that none of them contains magnesia. The similar analyses of the IR bands further reveal that none of them possesses heavy and active type CaCO3, but have trace amounts of the AsO43- based chemical compounds as predicted by the XRD. The intensive peak area and the depth intensity studies of the designated IR bands speculate the dissimilar quantitative proportions and percentage compositions of these chemical constituents in them. The authors believe that the general results presented herewith illuminate the fundamental chemical constituents to be incorporated compulsorily into the OPC type cements so that they function normally and exhibit good cementitious abilities.
Land Use and Land Cover Change Study Using RS-GIS and Its Impact on Biodiversity: Study from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Ronald K. , Singh K. J. , Lodhi M. S.
Published: December 2023

This study aims to depict the intricate relationship between biophysical parameters, particularly land surface temperature (LST), and their impact on biodiversity at Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh. Focused on the consequences of anthropogenic activities, our research assesses changes in forest cover using Landsat images from 1990, 2003, and 2019. Utilizing satellite data, calculation of indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and LST were performed. Land use land cover (LULC) was determined through supervised classification, achieving accuracies of 75%, 87%, and 83% for 1990, 2003, and 2019, respectively. The analysis highlighted a substantial increase in settlement area from 9.37 km2 in 1990 to 22.86 km2 in 2019, indicative of significant urbanization impacts.Our findings reveal a pronounced positive correlation between settlement growth and elevated LST, indicating the influence of urbanization on thermal dynamics. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between LST and NDBI, while a negative correlation existed between LST and NDVI. Questionnaire-based surveys complemented remote sensing data, exposing a gradual decline in wildlife sightings, diminishing populations of rare plant species, and the proliferation of invasive plants within and around the Wildlife Sanctuary since 1990.This research underscores the substantial impact of urbanization on the biodiversity of the Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary. Positive correlations between settlement growth, LST, and biophysical parameters emphasize the urgency for targeted conservation strategies. The decline in wildlife sightings and the encroachment of invasive species underscore the need for proactive measures to balance biodiversity conservation with the challenges posed by urban development. Our integrated approach, combining remote sensing, survey data, and ecological indices, offers valuable insights for sustainable management and conservation efforts in similar habitats globally.
Body Weight, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats Fed with Chia Seed Concentrate
Authors: George Bakari Gaymary , Richard Mushi James , Alfred Temba Benigni
Published: December 2023

Chia seeds are among commonly used natural remedies to control obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seeds on Body weights, hematological parameters, blood glucose, and lipid profiles in Wistar rats. In the current study, Wistar rats were fed on chia seed powder mixed with broiler chicken feed mash at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Body weights, hematological parameters, blood glucose, and lipid profiles were monitored for 28 days. Results indicate that for the treated groups, there was significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocytes in a dose dependent manner (R2 = 0.87; p = 0.032). Plasma glucose and lipid profiles also decreased significantly in an dose dependent manner, whereby, for glucose, group 4 rats-decreased from 138.5 ± 0.8 to 80.3 ± 12.9 mg/dL from day 0 to day 28 of treatment. The results show no significant difference on weight gain in chia treated groups compared to control group. There were no significant variations in the other hematological parameters. In conclusion, findings in this study illustrated that chia seeds can be the good candidate for controlling blood glucose, lipid profiles and improving hematological parameters and also body weight in animals.
Millets: The Nourishing Solution to Food Security Challenges Over Cereal-Based Cropping Systems
Authors: Jamal Tausif , Ghosh Lopamudra , Maity Debranjan , Banerjee Sampurna , Banerjee Santanu
Published: December 2023

A heightened emphasis on augmenting millet production and accentuating their nutritional benefits is pivotal in mitigating reliance on conventional crops, fostering dietary diversity, and enhancing food security, particularly in times of natural calamities when food scarcity is prevalent. The United Nations General Assembly has designated the year 2023 as the International Year of Millet. Millets hailed as 'superfoods,' boast high levels of protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. India stands as a major contributor, producing 80% of Asia's millets and 20% globally, as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Statistics reveal that over 90 million individuals in Africa and Asia incorporate millets into their diets, with Africa accounting for more than 55% of global production, followed by Asia at nearly 40%, while Europe constitutes approximately three per cent of the worldwide market. Specifically in India, West Bengal adheres to a predominantly monocultural cropping system, predominantly focused on rice. Monoculture systems are highly susceptible to blights and pests due to their lack of diversity, leading to reduced soil fertility and compromised soil structure. Cultivating millets not only offers a viable solution by diminishing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides but also facilitates a transition towards sustainable agriculture. This involves diversifying crop rotations and steering clear of the pitfalls associated with mono-cropping systems. Introducing various millet types into cropping systems can significantly enhance food security. Each millet variant possesses unique qualities that enable them to withstand extreme climatic conditions, making them particularly relevant as adaptive measures in the current context of global warming and climate change issues.
Effect of Foliar Nutrition and Growth Regulators on Growth, Quality and Economics of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Venkatesh K. , Hiremath K. A. , Satihal D. G. , Honnali S. N. , Koppalkar B. G.
Published: December 2023

Aim: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar application of plant growth hormones is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Growth regulating substances or growth regulators are known to influence a wide array of physiological parameters like alteration of plant architecture, assimilate partitioning, promotion of photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients (mineral ions) and enhancing metabolism.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black to deep black soil with clay loam texture at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir district during kharif season of 2022.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., T1: Control (water spray), T2: Pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation, T3: Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation, T4: Urea @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T5: DAP @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T6: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T7: Boron @ 0.25 % spray at flower initiation, T8: Urea @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T9: DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T10: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation and T11: Boron @ 0.25 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation. 

Results: Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram along with higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio (BC ratio). Alternately, foliar application of N:P:K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation stage or foliar application of pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation stage can be recommended for achieving higher net returns from greengram cultivation.

Conclusion: Foliar application of nutrients and plant growth hormones would reduce the burden on soil application of fertilizers through urea and DAP for greengram cultivation. Thereby, cost incurred on fertilizers could be reduced and net returns could be increased. Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram.
Effect of Different Levels and Times of Nitrogen Application on Grain and Forage Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata)
Authors: Gamit M. K. , Bavalgave V. G. , Patel K. K. , Ganvit J. M.
Published: December 2023

This field experiment conducted during the rabi season of 2017-18 at N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, aimed to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) to different levels and times of nitrogen application under the south Gujarat conditions. The factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was employed, considering four nitrogen levels (90 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha) and four split application treatments (½ basal + ½ at knee height, ½ basal + ¼ knee height + ¼ tasseling, 1/3 basal + 1/3 knee height + 1/3 tasseling, and ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling). The results of the study demonstrated that the application of 180 kg/ha nitrogen significantly increased the protein content in grain and fodder (10.51% and 3.88% respectively) and total sugar content (14.96). Additionally, higher NPK uptake and available nitrogen (197.25 kg/ha) and phosphorus (47.53 kg/ha) levels were observed with a 180 kg/ha nitrogen application rate. When nitrogen was applied in three splits, specifically at ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling, it resulted in significantly higher protein content in grain and fodder (9.89% and 3.54% respectively), total sugar content (13.65), as well as NPK uptake in grain and fodder and available nitrogen and phosphorus (189.95 kg/ha and 45.84 kg/ha). These findings highlight the importance of nitrogen management in sweet corn cultivation to enhance the nutritional quality and productivity of both grain and fodder. Implementing the optimal nitrogen levels (180 kg/ha) and split application timings (¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling) can contribute to achieving desirable protein and sugar content, as well as improving NPK uptake and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Focus group: systematic review of methodological principles for assessing the health of the elderly person / Grupo focal: revisão sistemática de princípios metodológicos para avaliação da saúde da pessoa idosa
Authors: Lourenço dos Santos Amanda Fernanda , Carmo Gonçalo Cassins Moreira do
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: investigar principais trabalhos científicos utilizando método Grupo Focal com população de idosos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), identificando seus principais procedimentos metodológicos e limitações de pesquisa. Método: buscou-se no portal CAPES nas bases ScienceDirect, SciELO, Scopus Web of Science e PubMed/MedLine, com as palavras-chave “Grupo Focal”, “Idoso” e “Saúde”, utilizando Methodi Ordinatio para ranqueamento e seleção dos artigos. Resultados: oito artigos, selecionados na última etapa. Realizou-se fichamento dos artigos, classificando-os quanto autores, ano, título, periódico, objetivos, problema, metodologia, sugestões e resultados. Conclusão: o método Grupo focal, utilizado em grupos de idosos, tem muita relevância se aplicado com devido rigor e cuidado que o método e o sujeito/objeto de estudo demandam. As limitações do mesmo se referem principalmente a amostra reduzida e a ausência de alguns critérios em sua aplicação.
Niobium
Authors: Tvermoes Brooke
Published: December 2023

Niobium (Nb) has a number of diverse and interesting physical‐chemical properties making it a very versatile transition metal and essential material for several advanced technologies including NMRs, MRIs, and quantum computing. In addition, Nb is an important alloying element for steels and this use consumes 85–90% of the Nb produced today. Nb is also an important constituent in superalloys used for aircraft engines and other high‐temperature applications where a special resistance to heat, abrasion, and corrosion is required. Further, Nb is used in alloys for biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility, high degree of mechanical strength, and high corrosion resistance. The current data suggest that Nb demonstrates low systemic toxicity potential. Nb given orally is practically nontoxic; with LD50 values ranging from 940 mg/kg bw to >2000 mg/kg bw. Nb is absorbed from the respiratory tract and eliminated through the kidney. The absorption from the GI tract is poor. Nb is distributed to internal organs such as the liver, aorta, and the kidney. Some forms of Nb have an irritant effect on mucous membranes and skin and are classified as skin sensitizers. Multiple Nb compounds have been reported to be negative, with and without metabolic activation, in several differentin vitrogenotoxicity tests. It has been reported that high surface area Nb material, such as five micrometer powder, may autoignite at room temperature.
Expression and purification of the receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in mammalian cells for immunological assays
Authors: Ábrahám Edit , Bajusz Csaba , Marton Annamária , Borics Attila , Mdluli Thandiswa , Pardi Norbert , Lipinszki Zoltán
Published: December 2023

The receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus mediates the interaction with the host cell and is required for virus internalization. It is, therefore, the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The receptor‐binding domain soon became the major target for COVID‐19 research and the development of diagnostic tools and new‐generation vaccines. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for high‐yield expression and one‐step affinity purification of recombinant RBD from transiently transfected Expi293F cells. Expi293F mammalian cells can be grown to extremely high densities in a specially formulated serum‐free medium in suspension cultures, which makes them an excellent tool for secreted protein production. The highly purified RBD is glycosylated, structurally intact, and forms homomeric complexes. With this quick and easy method, we are able to produce large quantities of RBD (80 mg·L−1 culture) that we have successfully used in immunological assays to examine antibody titers and seroconversion after mRNA‐based vaccination of mice.
Oral gavage delivery of Cornus officinalis extract delays type 1 diabetes onset and hyperglycemia in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice
Authors: Fletcher Justin D. , Olsson Grace E. , Zhang Y. Clare , Burkhardt Brant R.
Published: December 2023

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease initiated by genetic predisposition and environmental influences, which result in the specific destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic β‐cells. Currently, there are over 1.6 million cases of T1D in the United States with a worldwide incidence rate that has been increasing since 1990. Here, we examined the effect of Cornus officinalis (CO), a well‐known ethnopharmacological agent, on a T1D model of the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. A measured dose of CO extract was delivered into 10‐week‐old NOD mice by oral gavage for 15 weeks. T1D incidence and hyperglycemia were significantly lower in the CO‐treated group as compared to the water gavage (WT) and a no handling or treatment control group (NHT) following treatment. T1D onset per group was 30%, 60% and 86% for the CO, WT and NHT groups, respectively. Circulating C‐peptide was higher, and pancreatic insulitis was decreased in non‐T1D CO‐treated mice. Our findings suggest that CO may have therapeutic potential as both a safe and effective interventional agent to slow early stage T1D progression.
Association of Weight Loss and Weight Gain With Structural Defects and Pain in Hand Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Salis Zubeyir , Driban Jeffrey B. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Eaton Charles B. , Sainsbury Amanda
Published: December 2023

Objective

Our aim was to define the association of weight change (weight loss or weight gain) with the incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis (OA), assessed either by radiography or by pain, using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Methods

Among the 4,796 participants, we selected 4,598 participants, excluding those with cancer or rheumatoid arthritis or a body mass index under 18.5 kg/m2. We investigated the association of weight change with incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA and the development and resolution of hand pain. Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated the association of weight change from baseline to the 4‐year follow‐up with the incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA at the 4‐year follow‐up. Additionally, multivariable repeated‐measure mixed‐effects logistic regression analyzed the association of weight change with the development and resolution of hand pain across 2‐year, 4‐year, 6‐year, and 8‐year follow‐ups.

Results

No statistically significant associations were observed between weight change and the investigated outcomes. Specifically, for each 5% weight loss, the odds ratios for the incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67–1.23) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.84–1.00), respectively. Similarly, for each 5% weight loss, the odds ratios for the development and resolution of hand pain at the 8‐year follow‐up were 1.00 (95% CI 0.92–1.09) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.91–1.25), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study found no evidence of an association between weight change and the odds of incidence or progression of radiographic hand OA over 4 years, nor the development or resolution of hand pain over 8 years.
Pincer Morphology Is Not Associated With Hip Osteoarthritis Unless Hip Pain Is Present: Follow‐Up Data From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Riedstra Noortje Sophie , Boel Fleur , van Buuren Michiel , Eygendaal Denise , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita , Runhaar Jos , Agricola Rintje
Published: December 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between pincer morphology and radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) over 2, 5, 8, and 10 years’ follow‐up and to study the interaction between pincer morphology and pain.

Methods

Individuals from the prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study were drawn. Anteroposterior pelvic and false profile radiographs were obtained. Hips free of definite RHOA (Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] grade 0 or 1) at baseline were included. Pincer morphology was defined as a lateral or anterior center edge angle or both ≥40° at baseline. Incident RHOA was defined as KL ≥ 2 or total hip replacement at follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimated the associations at follow‐up. Associations were expressed as unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An interaction term was added to investigate whether pincer morphology had a different effect on symptomatic hips.

Results

Incident RHOA developed in 69 hips (5%) at 2 years’ follow‐up, in 178 hips (14%) at 5 years’ follow‐up, in 279 hips (24%) at 8 years’ follow‐up, and in 495 hips (42%) at 10 years’ follow‐up. No significant associations were found between pincer morphology and incident RHOA (adjusted OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.06–2.15]; adjusted OR 1.50 [95% CI 0.94–2.38]). Significant interactions between pain and anterior pincer morphology in predicting incident RHOA were found at 5, 8, and 10 years’ follow‐up (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.03–3.78]; OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.35–8.61]).

Conclusion

No associations were found between radiographic pincer morphology and incident RHOA at any follow‐up moment. Anteriorly located pincer morphology with hip pain, however, was significantly associated with incident RHOA. This highlights the importance of studying symptoms and hip morphology simultaneously.
Molecule Dipole and Steric Hindrance Engineering to Modulate Electronic Structure of PTCDA/PTA for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Antibiotics Degradation
Authors: Yu Weili , Fang Ningjie , Wang Ruobing , Liu Zhaobing , Chu Yinghao , Huang Chenxi
Published: December 2023

Insufficient charge separation and slow exciton transport severely limit the utilization of perylene‐plane‐based organic photocatalysts. Herein, a novel PTCDA/PTA (perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride/perylenetetracarboxylic acid) is successfully prepared for the first time by the in situ crystallization of PTA on the surface of PTCDA through π–π interaction. The PTCDA/PTA loading with 8%PTCDA showed the optimum photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic H2 evolution rate reached 45.06 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 1.93‐fold and 4506.00‐fold higher than that of pure PTA and PTCDA. Meanwhile, it also exhibited excellent antibiotics photodegradation activities, in which both the removal efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl) and ofloxacin (OFL) are more over 90% within 30 min. By modulating the structures of perylene plane, the steric hindrance and internal dipole moments can be precisely tuned. These lead to the change of stacking mode, promoting the degree of π–π stacking and formation of strong internal electric field, while improved the photocatalytic activity. Excited state density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the redistribution of electron‐hole pairs, which obeys a type II mechanism. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism is determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Besides, the toxicities of the degradation products are also evaluated. The work provides useful strategy for the design of high‐performance and multifunctional photocatalysts toward water remediation and energy production.
Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research
Authors: Liu Haitao , Gan Zhongqiao , Qin Xinyuan , Wang Yaqing , Qin Jianhua
Published: December 2023

Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high‐throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.