bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral loss of EphA4 ameliorates TBI-induced neuroinflammation and tissue damage
Authors: Kowalski Elizabeth A. , Chen Jiang , Hazy Amanda , Fritsch Lauren E. , Gudenschwager-Basso Erwin Kristobal , Chen Michael , Wang Xia , Qian Yun , Zhou Mingjun , Byerly Matthew , Pickrell Alicia M. , Matson John B. , Allen Irving Coy , Theus Michelle H.
Published: November 2019

Background

The continuum of pro- and anti-inflammatory response elicited by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suggested to play a key role in the outcome of TBI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill -defined.

Methods

Here, we demonstrate that using bone marrow chimeric mice and systemic inhibition of EphA4 receptor shifts the pro-inflammatory milieu to pro-resolving following acute TBI.

Results

EphA4 expression is increased in the injured cortex as early as 2 h post-TBI and on CX3CR1gfp-positive cells in the peri-lesion. Systemic inhibition or genetic deletion of EphA4 significantly reduced cortical lesion volume and shifted the inflammatory profile of peripheral-derived immune cells to pro-resolving in the damaged cortex. These findings were consistent with in vitro studies showing EphA4 inhibition or deletion altered the inflammatory state of LPS-stimulated monocyte/macrophages towards anti-inflammatory. Phosphoarray analysis revealed that EphA4 may regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression by suppressing the mTOR, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Our human metadata analysis further demonstrates increasedEPHA4and pro-inflammatory gene expression, which correlates with reduced AKT concurrent with increased brain injury severity in patients.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings implicate EphA4 as a novel mediator of cortical tissue damage and neuroinflammation following TBI.
Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency
Authors: Telwatte Sushama , Morón-López Sara , Aran Dvir , Kim Peggy , Hsieh Christine , Joshi Sunil , Montano Mauricio , Greene Warner C. , Butte Atul J. , Wong Joseph K. , Yukl Steven A.
Published: November 2019

Background

HIV-infected cell lines are widely used to study latent HIV infection, which is considered the main barrier to HIV cure. We hypothesized that these cell lines differ from each other and from cells from HIV-infected individuals in the mechanisms underlying latency.

Results

To quantify the degree to which HIV expression is inhibited by blocks at different stages of HIV transcription, we employed a recently-described panel of RT-ddPCR assays to measure levels of 7 HIV transcripts (“read-through,” initiated, 5′ elongated, mid-transcribed/unspliced [Pol], distal-transcribed [Nef], polyadenylated, and multiply-sliced [Tat-Rev]) in bulk populations of latently-infected (U1, ACH-2, J-Lat) and productively-infected (8E5, activated J-Lat) cell lines. To assess single-cell variation and investigate cellular genes associated with HIV transcriptional blocks, we developed a novel multiplex qPCR panel and quantified single cell levels of 7 HIV targets and 89 cellular transcripts in latently- and productively-infected cell lines. The bulk cell HIV transcription profile differed dramatically between cell lines and cells from ART-suppressed individuals. Compared to cells from ART-suppressed individuals, latent cell lines showed lower levels of HIV transcriptional initiation and higher levels of polyadenylation and splicing. ACH-2 and J-Lat cells showed different forms of transcriptional interference, while U1 cells showed a block to elongation. Single-cell studies revealed marked variation between/within cell lines in expression of HIV transcripts, T cell phenotypic markers, antiviral factors, and genes implicated in latency. Expression of multiply-spliced HIV Tat-Rev was associated with expression of cellular genes involved in activation, tissue retention, T cell transcription, and apoptosis/survival.

Conclusions

HIV-infected cell lines differ from each other and from cells from ART-treated individuals in the mechanisms governing latent HIV infection. These differences in viral and cellular gene expression must be considered when gauging the suitability of a given cell line for future research on HIV. At the same time, some features were shared across cell lines, such as low expression of antiviral defense genes and a relationship between productive infection and genes involved in survival. These features may contribute to HIV latency or persistence in vivo, and deserve further study using novel single cell assays such as those described in this manuscript.
Whole-genome sequencing of human Pegivirus variant from an Egyptian patient co-infected with hepatitis C virus: a case report
Authors: Soliman Hany K. , Abouelhoda Mohamed , El Rouby Mahmoud N. , Ahmed Ola S. , Esmat G. , Hassan Zeinab K. , Hafez Mohammed M. , Mehaney Dina Ahmed , Selvaraju Manojkumar , Darwish Rania Kamal , Osman Yehia A. , Zekri Abdel-Rahman N.
Published: November 2019

Background

Human pegivirus (HPgV) is structurally similar to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and was discovered 20 years ago. Its distribution, natural history and exact rule of this viral group in human hosts remain unclear. Our aim was to determine, by deep next-generation sequencing (NGS), the entire genome sequence of HPgV that was discovered in an Egyptian patient while analyzing HCV sequence from the same patient. We also inspected whether the co-infection of HCV and HPgV will affect the patient response to HCV viral treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for a newly isolated HPgV in an Egyptian patient who is co-infected with HCV.

Case presentation

The deep Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique was used to detect HCV sequence in hepatitis C patient’s plasma. The results revealed the presence of HPgV with HCV. This co-infection was confirmed using conventional PCR of the HPgV 5′ untranslated region. The patient was then subjected to direct-acting-antiviral treatment (DAA). At the end of the treatment, the patient showed a good response to the HCV treatment (i.e., no HCV-RNA was detected in the plasma), while the HPgV-RNA was still detected. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the detected HPgV was a novel isolate and was not previously published.

Conclusion

We report a new variant of HPgV in a patient suffering from hepatitis C viral infection.
Release kinetics of the model protein FITC-BSA from different polymer-coated bovine bone substitutes
Authors: Lommen Julian , Schorn Lara , Landers Alexis , Holtmann Henrik , Berr Karin , Kübler Norbert R. , Sproll Christoph , Rana Majeed , Depprich Rita
Published: November 2019

Background

Controlled release of proteins bound to conventional bone substitutes is still insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluates in-vitro release kinetics of the model protein FITC-BSA (fluorescein conjugated bovine serum albumine) from insoluble bovine collagenous bone matrices (ICBM) with different polymer coatings. Analyzes aim at comparing FITC-BSA release from uncoated versus coated ICBM over time to find bone substitute coatings with consistent release profiles.

Methods

Release kinetics of FITC-BSA from uncoated as well as coated ICBM with five different polymers (RESOMER R 203 H, RG 503 H, RG 504 H, RG 505, L 206 S) were measured over a period of 11 days (d). Measurements were conducted after 6 h (h), 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d with six samples for each coated ICBM. Two groups were formed (1) with and (2) without medium change at times of measurement. For each group ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni testing was used. Scanning electron microscopy assessed morphologic differences between ICBM coating.

Results

In group 1 approx. 70% of FITC-BSA release from uncoated ICBM occurred after 6 h compared to approx. 50% in group 2. Only polymers with medium inherent viscosity, i.e. RESOMER RG 503 H, constantly showed significantly more FITC-BSA release throughout 11 d than uncoated ICBM (p = 0.007). The same was found for group 2 (p = 0.005). No significant differences between PLA and PLGA polymers were found. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate a weak adhesion of polymer coatings to ICBM explaining its rather weak retentive effect on overall FITC-BSA release.

Conclusions

Medium molecular size polymers reduce the overall released FITC-BSA from ICBM over time. In clinical practice these polymers may prove ideal for bone substitute materials.
Fentanyl assisted treatment: a possible role in the opioid overdose epidemic?
Authors: Bardwell Geoff , Wood Evan , Brar Rupinder
Published: November 2019

Background

The current opioid overdose epidemic affecting communities across North America is increasingly driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its related analogues. A variety of public health interventions have been implemented and scaled up, including opioid agonist treatments (OAT). While these treatments are successful for many individuals, they have a variety of limitations. It is critical to trial alternative treatments if conventional opioid agonist treatment options are not successful for a proportion of patients who use illicit fentanyl.

Main body

Prescription fentanyl has been widely used for pain management. The use of transdermal fentanyl, specifically, which provides long acting and stable drug levels post-titration over several days, should be explored as an opioid agonist treatment option. The use of transdermal fentanyl for patients who use illicit fentanyl is currently being piloted in Vancouver, Canada. To address potential diversion, the patch is signed, dated, and a film dressing is applied to mitigate tampering. Evaluation outcomes are still pending, but there have been no adverse outcomes thus far and clinical improvements have been noted for many patients. This exploratory therapeutic approach should be considered across multiple settings and rigorously evaluated.

Conclusions

There are known limitations to existing OAT options and there is a need to urgently evaluate alternative strategies for patients who are using illicit fentanyl not successfully treated with conventional OAT. Many patients may be attracted to, and retained in, fentanyl assisted treatment. This may be another strategy for certain patients to prevent harms caused by illicit fentanyl use, including overdose and death.
Electrospun nanofibers for the fabrication of engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Karkan Sonia Fathi , Davaran Soodabeh , Rahbarghazi Reza , Salehi Roya , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl
Published: November 2019

Attention has recently increased in the application of electrospun fibers because of their putative capability to create nanoscale platforms toward tissue engineering. To some extent, electrospun fibers are applicable to the extracellular matrix by providing a three-dimensional microenvironment in which cells could easily acquire definite functional shape and maintain the cell-to-cell connection. It is noteworthy to declare that placement in different electrospun substrates with appropriate physicochemical properties enables cells to promote their bioactivities, dynamics growth and differentiation, leading to suitable restorative effects. This review paper aims to highlight the application of biomaterials in engineered vascular grafts by using electrospun nanofibers to promote angiogenesis and neovascularization
Correction to: Computational analysis of viable parameter regions in models of synthetic biological systems
Authors: Pušnik Žiga , Mraz Miha , Zimic Nikolaj , Moškon Miha
Published: November 2019

The original version of this article [1] unfortunately included a typographical error to author Žiga Pušnik’s name.
Re-routing photosynthetic energy for continuous hydrogen production in vivo
Authors: Ben-Zvi Oren , Dafni Eyal , Feldman Yael , Yacoby Iftach
Published: November 2019

Background

Hydrogen is considered a promising energy vector that can be produced from sustainable resources such as sunlight and water. In green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, photoproduction of hydrogen is catalyzed by the enzyme [FeFe]-hydrogenase (HydA). Although highly efficient, this process is transitory and thought to serve as a release valve for excess reducing power. Up to date, prolonged production of hydrogen was achieved by the deprivation of either nutrients or light, thus, hindering the full potential of photosynthetic hydrogen production. Previously we showed that the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) can enhance HydA activity in vitro, specifically when tied together to a fusion protein.

Results

In this work, we explored the in vivo hydrogen production phenotype of HydA–SOD fusion. We found a sustained hydrogen production, which is dependent on linear electron flow, although other pathways feed it as well. In addition, other characteristics such as slower growth and oxygen production were also observed in Hyd–SOD-expressing algae.

Conclusions

The Hyd–SOD fusion manages to outcompete the Calvin–Benson cycle, allowing sustained hydrogen production for up to 14 days in non-limiting conditions.
Virtual methylome dissection facilitated by single-cell analyses
Authors: Yin Liduo , Luo Yanting , Xu Xiguang , Wen Shiyu , Wu Xiaowei , Lu Xuemei , Xie Hehuang
Published: November 2019

Background

Numerous cell types can be identified within plant tissues and animal organs, and the epigenetic modifications underlying such enormous cellular heterogeneity are just beginning to be understood. It remains a challenge to infer cellular composition using DNA methylomes generated for mixed cell populations. Here, we propose a semi-reference-free procedure to perform virtual methylome dissection using the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm.

Results

In the pipeline that we implemented to predict cell-subtype percentages, putative cell-type-specific methylated (pCSM) loci were first determined according to their DNA methylation patterns in bulk methylomes and clustered into groups based on their correlations in methylation profiles. A representative set of pCSM loci was then chosen to decompose target methylomes into multiple latent DNA methylation components (LMCs). To test the performance of this pipeline, we made use of single-cell brain methylomes to create synthetic methylomes of known cell composition. Compared with highly variable CpG sites, pCSM loci achieved a higher prediction accuracy in the virtual methylome dissection of synthetic methylomes. In addition, pCSM loci were shown to be good predictors of the cell type of the sorted brain cells. The software package developed in this study is available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/Gavin-Yinld).

Conclusions

We anticipate that the pipeline implemented in this study will be an innovative and valuable tool for the decoding of cellular heterogeneity.
The role of cigarette smoke-induced epigenetic alterations in inflammation
Authors: Zong Dandan , Liu Xiangming , Li Jinhua , Ouyang Ruoyun , Chen Ping
Published: November 2019

Background

Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a major threat to human health worldwide. It is well established that smoking increases the risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and different forms of cancer, including lung, liver, and colon. CS-triggered inflammation is considered to play a central role in various pathologies by a mechanism that stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. During this process, epigenetic alterations are known to play important roles in the specificity and duration of gene transcription.

Main text

Epigenetic alterations include three major modifications: DNA modifications via methylation; various posttranslational modifications of histones, namely, methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination; and non-coding RNA sequences. These modifications work in concert to regulate gene transcription in a heritable fashion. The enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications can be activated by smoking, which further mediates the expression of multiple inflammatory genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the epigenetic alterations triggered by CS and assess how such alterations may affect smoking-mediated inflammatory responses.

Conclusion

The recognition of the molecular mechanisms of the epigenetic changes in abnormal inflammation is expected to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of CS-related diseases such that novel epigenetic therapies may be identified in the near future.
High-quality cooperative research: studies that represent a triumph in the rheumatology community
Authors: Simon Teresa A.
Published: November 2019

Over the past 20 years, the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment landscape has been continuously evolving. A range of novel biologic agents, different from the conventional therapies, became available. However, some understandable concerns, such as long-term safety, accompanied their development. Over the years in rheumatology research, I aimed to broaden the knowledge of the new treatments of RA through real-word research, which proved to be valuable in providing important evidence to clinicians and enabling them to make informed treatment decisions. Nevertheless, many unanswered questions remain—it will be interesting to see how the research progresses over the next 20 years.
Third or fourth branchial pouch sinus lesions: A case series and management algorithm
Authors: Li Yun , Lyu Kexing , Wen Yihui , Xu Yang , Wei Fanqin , Tang Haocheng , Chen Siyu , Wang Zhangfeng , Zhu Xiaolin , Wen Weiping , Lei Wenbin
Published: November 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective management algorithm for lesions of third or fourth branchial sinuses.

Study design

Case series with chart review.

Methods

Data from patients who were identified as having third or fourth branchial pouch sinus lesions in a single institution between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively collected.

Results

All 67 patients underwent fistulectomy. First, we classified the patients into five types based on their anatomic features. Then, we considered four optimized surgical methods and adopted the appropriate method with full consideration of the patient's clinical characteristics. The great majority of cases occurred on the left side of the neck (68.7%) and most commonly presented as either a recurrent low-neck abscess or cutaneous discharging fistula with neck infection. Effective preoperative examination included administering contrast agent prior to a computed tomography (CT) scan and in-office laryngoscopy during the quiescent period of inflammation. Ultrasound was also very helpful in determining the presence of thyroiditis. The mean follow-up duration after excision of the lesion was 25.8 months. To date, only 1 (1.5%) recurrence and no obvious complications have been observed.

Conclusion

Refining fistula subtypes and adopting corresponding treatment measures can reduce the recurrence rate and improve curative effects. We propose and advocate this treatment algorithm for all third and fourth branchial pouch lesions.
An adaptive and real-time based architecture for financial data integration
Authors: Fikri Noussair , Rida Mohamed , Abghour Noureddine , Moussaid Khalid , El Omri Amina
Published: November 2019

In this paper we are proposing an adaptive and real-time approach to resolve real-time financial data integration latency problems and semantic heterogeneity. Due to constraints that we have faced in some projects that requires real-time massive financial data integration and analysis, we decided to follow a new approach by combining a hybrid financial ontology, resilient distributed datasets and real-time discretized stream. We create a real-time data integration pipeline to avoid all problems of classic Extract-Transform-Load tools, which are data processing latency, functional miscomprehensions and metadata heterogeneity. This approach is considered as contribution to enhance reporting quality and availability in short time frames, the reason of the use of Apache Spark. We studied Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) concepts, data warehousing fundamentals, big data processing technics and oriented containers clustering architecture, in order to replace the classic data integration and analysis process by our new concept resilient distributed DataStream for online analytical process (RDD4OLAP) cubes which are consumed by using Spark SQL or Spark Core basics.
Effect of family control on corporate dividend policy of firms in Pakistan
Authors: Yousaf Imran , Ali Shoaib , Hassan Arshad
Published: November 2019

This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan, covering the period from 2009 to 2016. It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend policy. The GMM model for panel data estimation is used. The mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial characteristics. The multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily firms. Besides, firm size inversely affects the dividend policy, whereas tangibility positively affects it. Moreover, family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend policy. Overall, family control, size, and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.
Applying IDC theory to education in the Alps region: a response to Chan et al.’s contribution
Authors: Dillenbourg Pierre , Kim Kevin Gonyop , Nasir Jauwairia , Yeo Shuqing Teresa , Olsen Jennifer K.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present a response to the Interest-Driven Creator (IDC) theory from a European perspective. Specifically, we raise six questions intended to start a dialog with respect to IDC theory’s placement in existing learning theories, its adoption in educational systems, and how it can be influenced by emerging learning technologies and digitalization, which is currently a driving force in the Alps region. By referring to our own work in vocational education and classroom orchestration, we demonstrate how IDC can begin to play a part in guiding innovations and its potential impact on education both in and outside of Asia. With respect to digitalization, rather than allowing technological innovations to fully guide educational decisions, we call for IDC theory to be part of the conversation to help guide future educational designs.
Nasal airflow in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) based on a combined histologic, computed tomographic, and computational fluid dynamics methodology
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Craven Brent A. , Engel Serena M. , Bonar Christopher J. , DeLeon Valerie B.
Published: November 2019

“Macrosmatic” mammals have dedicated olfactory regions within their nasal cavity and segregated airstreams for olfaction and respiratory air-conditioning. Here we examine the 3D distribution of olfactory surface area (SA) and nasal airflow patterns in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) to determine the degree to which their complex nasal cavities are similar to “macrosmats” such as canids. Using the head of an adult loris cadaver, we co-registered micro computed tomography (CT) slices and histology sections to create a 3D reconstruction of the olfactory mucosa distribution. Histological sections were used to measure olfactory surface area and to annotate CT reconstructions. The loris has a complex olfactory recess (∼19% of total nasal SA) with multiple olfactory turbinals. However, the first ethmoturbinal has a rostral projection that extends far anterior to the olfactory recess, lined by ∼90% non-olfactory epithelium. Only one (of three) frontoturbinals bears olfactory mucosa. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of nasal airflow and odorant deposition reveal that there is some segregation of respiratory and olfactory flow in the loris nose, but that it is not as distinct as in the dog. In the loris, airflow is segregated medially and laterally to vertically elongated, plate-like first ethmoturbinals. Thus, lorises may be said to have certain macrosmatic anatomical characteristics (e.g., olfactory recess), but not segregated nasal airflow patterns that are optimized for olfaction. These results imply that a binary “microsmatic/macrosmatic” dichotomy does not exist. Rather, mammals appear to exhibit complex trends with respect to specialization of the turbinals and recesses.
Configural learning in freshly collected, smart, wild Lymnaea
Authors: Kagan Diana , Lukowiak Ken
Published: November 2019

An inbred laboratory strain (W-strain) of Lymnaea is capable of configural learning (CL). CL a higher form of learning is an association between two stimuli experienced together that is different from the simple sum of their components. In our CL procedure a food substance (carrot, CO) is experienced together with crayfish effluent (CE) (i.e. CO+CE). Following CL, CO now elicits a fear-state rather than increased feeding. We hypothesized that freshly collected wild strains of predator-experiencedLymnaea also possess the ability to form CL; even though they experience crayfish daily in their environment. We therefore subjected freshly collected wild strain Lymnaea to the CL procedure. Following the CL procedure CO became a risk signal and evoked anti-predator behaviours. Thus, CL was demonstrated in wild, freshly collected snails. We believe that CL occurs in the snail's natural environment and is important for their survival.
Accuracy of computer-assisted image analysis in the diagnosis of maxillofacial radiolucent lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Virginia K S , Vieira Walbert A , Bernardino Ítalo M , Travençolo Bruno A N , Bittencourt Marcos A V , Blumenberg Cauane , Paranhos Luiz R , Galvão Hebel C
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

This study aimed to search for scientific evidence concerning the accuracy of computer-assisted analysis for diagnosing maxillofacial radiolucent lesions.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted according to the statements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols and considering 10 databases, including the gray literature. Protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018089945). The population, intervention, comparison and outcome strategy was used to define the eligibility criteria and only diagnostic test studies were included. Their risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Random-effects model meta-analysis was performed and heterogeneity among the included studies was estimated using the I2 statistic. The grade of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tool assessed the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation across included studies.

Results:

Out of 715 identified citations, four papers, published between 2009 and 2017, fulfilled the criteria and were included in this systematic review. A total of 191 lesions, classified as periapical granuloma and cyst, dentigerous cyst or keratocystic odontogenic tumor, were analyzed. All selected articles scored low risk of bias. The pooled accuracy estimation, regardless of the classification method used, was 88.75% (95% CI = 85.19-92.30). Heterogeneity test reached moderate values (I2 = 57.89%). According to the GRADE tool, the analyzed outcome was classified as having low level of certainty.

Conclusions:

The overall evaluation showed all studies presented high accuracy rates of computer-aided diagnosis systems in classifying radiolucent maxillofacial lesions compared to histopathological biopsy. However, due to the moderate heterogeneity found among the studies included in this meta-analysis, a pragmatic recommendation about the use of computer-assisted analysis is not possible.
Validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Butini , Massignan Carla , Oenning Anne Caroline , Rovaris Karla , Bolan Michele , Porporatti André Luís , De Luca Canto Graziela
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To investigate the validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection in comparison with histology as the reference standard.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from their inception to 16 January 2019. Grey literature was searched on Open Grey, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database and Google Scholar. In vitro studies assessing the validity of micro-CT for caries detection were included when compared with histology as the reference standard were included. Two authors independently collected the information and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, as well as diagnostic odds ratios were calculated. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE.

Results:

A total of 270 papers were identified, and after a 2-phase selection, 12 studies were included in qualitative and three in quantitative synthesis. For enamel caries diagnostic, sensitivity values ranged from 29.0 to 84.0% indicating high variability while specificity varied from 88.0 to 95.0% indicating good to excellent micro-CT capability do identify the true negative. For dentine caries diagnostic, sensitivity values ranged from 61.0 to 77.0% indicating fair-to-good probability of micro-CT to identify the true positives, while specificity varied from 88.0 to 94.0%. The majority of the included studies presented low risk of bias and moderate certainty of evidence.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the validity of micro-CT for in vitro caries detection in comparison with histology.
Prevalence and predictors of medication non-adherence among patients with multimorbidity: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Foley Louise , Larkin James , Lombard-Vance Richard , Murphy Andrew W. , Molloy Gerard J.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Patients with multimorbidity are expected to adhere to complex medication regimens in order to manage their multiple chronic conditions. It has been reported the likelihood of adherence decreases as patients are prescribed more medications. Much medication adherence research to date is dominated by a single-disease focus, which is at odds with the rising prevalence of multimorbidity and may artificially underestimate the complexity of managing chronic illness. This review aims to describe the prevalence of medication non-adherence among patients with multimorbidity, and to identify potential predictors of non-adherence in this population.

Methods: A systematic review will be conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO will be searched using a predefined search strategy from 2009–2019. Quantitative studies will be considered eligible for review if prevalence of medication non-adherence among adults with two or more chronic conditions is reported. Studies will be included in the review if available in English full text. Titles and abstracts will be screened by single review, with 20% of screening cross-checked by a second reviewer. Full-text articles will be screened by two independent reviewers, noting reasons for exclusions. Data extraction will be performed using a predefined extraction form. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted using criteria for observational studies outlined by Sanderson et al. (2007). A narrative synthesis and, if feasible, meta-analysis will be conducted.

Discussion: By exploring medication non-adherence from a multimorbidity perspective, the review aims to inform an evidence base for intervention development which accounts for the rising prevalence of patients with multiple chronic conditions. 

Study registration: The systematic review is prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019133849); registered on 12 June 2019.
Jewish law without a state: history and modernity
Authors: Каневский Антон , Kanevskiy Anton
Published: November 2019

The phenomenon of Jewish law has recently become covered in educational and scientific Russian-language literature, but it is paid attention only in the context of the ancient history of the state and law, so the further evolution of this legal system, the mechanisms of its interaction with the national law in different countries of residence of Jews remains outside the This textbook allows you to write Jewish law in the General context of the theory and history of state and law and political teachings, not limited to the periods when the Jews had full sovereignty.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
The materials of the textbook were tested during classes with undergraduate and graduate students at the Department of Judaics of the Institute of Asian and African countries of Moscow state University named after M. V. Lomonosov on the course "Introduction to Jewish law" and can be used to conduct classes on Jewish law in the framework of courses "Comparative law", "History of state and law of foreign countries".
HR-Digital Trends
Authors: Dorogovtseva Anna , Erygina Anna
Published: November 2019

The article reviews HR-Digital, a new area in HR-management that has been actively implemented recently through the use of HR digital technologies. The work analyses the tasks of HR-managers in the digitalisation environment, digital technologies that will speed up a work fl ow for HR and help to evaluate an economic eff ect of HR-events. A focus is on the characteristics that today’s organisations must take into account to start using and implementing a digital HR-technology. We review areas for the digitalisation of staff services, show a huge variety of digital opportunities in managing human resources and give examples of success stories demonstrating the implementation of digital HR-technologies.
Evaluation of common variants in the CNR2 gene and its interaction with abdominal obesity for osteoporosis susceptibility in Chinese post-menopausal females
Authors: Zheng W. , Liu C. , Lei M. , Han Y. , Zhou X. , Li C. , Sun S. , Ma X.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) gene, gene-obesity interaction, and haplotype combination with osteoporosis (OP) susceptibility.

Methods

Chinese patients with OP were recruited between March 2011 and December 2015 from our hospital. In this study, a total of 1267 post-menopausal female patients (631 OP patients and 636 control patients) were selected. The mean age of all subjects was 69.2 years (sd 15.8). A generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model and logistic regression model were used to examine the interaction between SNP and obesity on OP. For OP patient-control haplotype analyses, the SHEsis online haplotype analysis software ( http://analysis.bio-x.cn/ ) was employed.

Results

The logistic regression model revealed that the C allele of rs2501431 and the G allele of rs3003336 were associated with increased OP risk, compared with those with wild genotype. However, no significant correlations were found when analyzing the association of rs4237 and rs2229579 with OP risk. The GMDR analysis suggested that the interaction model composed of two factors, rs3003336 and abdominal obesity (AO), was the best model with statistical significance (p-value from sign test (Psign) = 0.012), indicating a potential gene-environment interaction between rs3003336 and AO. Overall, the two-locus models had a cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and had a testing accuracy of 0.641. Abdominally obese subjects with the AG or GG genotype have the highest OP risk, compared with subjects with the AA genotype and normal waist circumference (WC) (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54 to 3.51). Haplotype analysis also indicated that the haplotype containing the rs3003336-G and rs2501431-C alleles was associated with a statistically increased OP risk.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the C allele of rs2501431 and the G allele of rs3003336 of the CNR2 gene, interaction between rs3003336 and AO, and the haplotype containing the rs3003336-G and rs2501431-C alleles were all associated with increased OP risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:544–549.
Experimental study of the adsorption of Zn2 + ions on Natural Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Abellaoui Karima , EL Kafssaoui Hassan , Nassali Hakima , Amrhar Otheman , Elyoubi Mohammed S. , Bouhrara Farouk , Essaadaoui Youness
Published: November 2019

In this study, Natural Calcium Carbonate (NCC) that was characterised by X-ray diffraction has been used as an adsorbent in the removal of Zn2+, from aqueous solution by a batch adsorption technique. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solution PH, initial concentration of solution, contact time, adsorbent masses and stirring speed were investigated. The results showed that basic PH and the average stirring speed were favourable for the adsorption of Zn2+, and the adequate equilibrium time for the adsorption of Zn2+ onto Natural Calcium Carbonate was 80min. The experimental data were analysed by the linear form of Langmuir, Freundlich. Isotherm models and showed a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption kinetic was studied using pseudo first order kinetic equation, second order kinetic equation. The adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo second order equation.Â
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation on 2-arylideneaminobenzimidazole derivatives as anti-proliferative activity against mv4-11 human leukaemia cells
Authors: Radhi Wisam Abdalhassan , Ismael Sadiq Hasan , Alshawi Jasim Mohammad , Hussain Kawkab Ali
Published: November 2019

This undertaking involves QSAR investigations on the use of 28 2-arylideneaminobenzimidazole derivatives, for curbing the proliferative activity of cells in the mv4-11 human leukaemia cell line. The geometries of the compounds under investigation were initially optimized at level (PM3) in accordance to the semi-empirical theory, and subsequently through the B3LYP procedure at the 6-31G(d) basis set in accordance to the DFT theory. The multiple regression procedure was employed for the construction of two QSAR equations, to assess the anti-proliferative activity of these compounds (Equations 1 and 2). The values of R2 extended from 0.792 to 0.812, those of S from 0.187 to 0.193, and those of F from 24.897 to 30.429. According to the results attained, the use of four parameters in Equation 2[(N5), (N10), r(C1=N2) andLUMO+4] led to raised R2 values and minimized S values. This suggests that these parameters are significant for identifying the anti-proliferative effectiveness of the compounds, in the context of mv4-11 human leukaemia cell line cells. This revelation is also an indication that QSAR can be successfully applied for a broad range of compounds.Â
Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus thurifera and Juniperus oxycedrus
Authors: El Hajjouji Houda , Rahhal Rachid , Gmouh Said , Hsaine Mohammed , Fougrach Hassan , Badri Wadi
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) of Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus thurifera and Juniperus oxycedrus, obtained from Ait Bouguemez region (Province of Azilal, Morocco). The analysis by GC/MS of essential oils led to identify 37, 54 and 38 components for J. phoenicea, J. thurifera, and J. oxycedrus, respectively. Monoterpenic fraction was found predominant in essential oils of the three samples. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed that essential oil of J. thurifera has the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 12.07 Î¼g/mL. The antibacterial activity showed that S. aureus was more sensitive than P. aeruginosa and E. coli for the three EOs tested.
Optimization of electrocoagulation operating parameters for COD removal from olive mill wastewater: application of Box-Behnken design
Authors: Erraib Fatima , El Ass Khalid
Published: November 2019

Box–Behnken response surface design was successfully employed to optimize and study the olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by electrocoagulation (EC) process. The influence of four decisive factors were modelled and optimized to increase the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The Box–Behnken design (BBD) results were analyzed and the second-order polynomial model was developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed from the experimental design was predictive and a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of determination (R2 ) value (more than 0.98). The optimal operating conditions based on Derringer’s desired function methodology are found to be; initial pH of 4.4, a current density of 27.6 mA/cm2 , electrolysis time of 14.1 min, and chloride concentration of 3.2 g/L. Under these conditions, the predicted COD removal efficiency was found to be 67.14% with a desirability value of 0.94. These experimental results were confirmed by validation experiments and proved that Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology could efficiently be applied for modelling of COD removal from OMW.
Elaboration and characterization of new phosphate glasses based on natural phosphate and red clay: influence of the chemical composition on the chemical durability
Authors: Jamal Eddine Oumaima , El Bouchti Mehdi , Cherkaoui Omar , Hannache Hassan , Gmouh Said
Published: November 2019

New phosphate glass formulations based on Moroccan natural phosphate minerals alone or with Moroccan red clay additive (containing the P2O5-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Fe2O3-K2O-Na2O-TiO2 complex) have been successfully prepared by the quenching method. The chemical composition of each of the elaborated phosphate glasses was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). These investigated phosphate glasses have an excellent homogeneity as was verified by SEM. Their amorphous behavior was confirmed by XRD and DSC. The increase in density and glass transition temperature due to the addition of clay is believed to be related to the crosslinking of the phosphate chains. Structural investigation of these phosphate glasses was carried out using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The results obtained show that the composition of these glasses contains a mixture of ultraphosphate and polyphosphate structural units. The concentrations of this mixture depending on the initial composition of the glass components. A correlation between the chemical composition and the chemical durability of the investigated glasses was studied. The results showed that the dissolution rate of the glasses decreases by increasing the clay composition up to a point. This can be explained by assuming the formation of oxygen bridges and strong bonds within the various glasses.
“ESTRECHANDO EL CÍRCULO” DE LA FORNACIS DE PTOLOMEO
Authors: Días Alonso Rodriguez , Gutiérrez Manuel Pérez , Espino David M. Duque
Published: November 2019

Con motivo del trigésimo aniversario del comienzo en 1986 de las excavaciones en el oppidum de Hornachuelos (Ribera del Fresno, Badajoz, España), retomamos el problema de su probable identificación con la Fornacis de Ptolomeo (Geo. II, 4, 10). Dicho objetivo se aborda desde una óptica pluridisciplinar que conjuga tres aspectos principales: 1) la valoración historiográfica e histórica de los topónimos Fornacis, Furnaŷūlš-Furnaŷūluš-Furnaŷūš, Fornachos, Hornachos y Hornachuelos; 2) una nueva propuesta de ajuste de las coordenadas ptolemaicas para la ubicación aproximada de este oppidum en la geografía histórica de la Beturia (Plinio, Nat. Hist. III, 14-15); y 3 la entidad geoestratégica y territorial del oppidum romano-republicano de Hornachuelos y su relación con la minero-metalurgia de la galena argentífera y del plomo
Nuevos rumbos del comparatismo: literatura comparada y literatura–mundo
Authors: Coutinho Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Desde su configuración y consolidación como disciplina académica, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, la Literatura Comparada ha pasado por significativas transformaciones, y hoy día, lejos de atenerse a los estudios de carácter binario entre autores, obras o movimientos literarios o al canon de la tradición occidental, la disciplina se encuentra abierta a todo tipo de expresión literaria y cultural y receptiva a otras áreas del conocimiento, caracterizándose como un verdadero diálogo de culturas. Entre los cambios por los que ha pasado el comparatismo, destacamos en este ensayo la importancia que pasó a ser dada a la circulación de la obra literaria, marcada por una mayor receptividad respecto al estudio de obras en traducción y por el énfasis sobre su contexto de recepción, y que ha dado origen a toda una línea de investigación del comparatismo que se designó «literatura–mundo». En este texto haremos una reflexión sobre esas transformaciones por las que ha pasado el comparatismo y procuraremos mostrar que, lejos de estar debilitada, la disciplina se encuentra en plena revitalización.
Lina Beck–Bernard y Domingo Faustino Sarmiento en el punto de tangencia
Authors: Ferraris Maria Luisa
Published: November 2019

Este artículo intenta presentar las coincidencias ideológicas y literarias de dos protagonistas de la historia argentina en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento y Lina Beck–Bernard, durante los comienzos del fenómeno de la inmigración masiva en nuestro territorio. A través deun estudio comparado se realiza la aproximación a las ideas y discursos narrativos en dos obras literarias de ambos autores, Facundo y El río Paraná. Cinco Años en la Confederación Argentina, enfocando particularmente las ideas de civilización y barbarie, el tema del indio y el tratamiento literario de lasdescripciones del entorno social y del paisaje. A pesar de pertenecer a mundos culturales diferentes y de haber tenido un origen muy distinto uno del otro, de las lecturas de las obras de Sarmiento y Lina Beck–Bernard se puede establecer un patrón común de teorías sociológicas que responde, no sóloal ideario subjetivo, sino también a los cánones en boga a mediados y en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Por último, y considerando que sus historias personales coinciden en tiempo y espacio en la ciudad de Santa Fe, en los días de la Convención que realiza la primera reforma a la Constituciónde 1853, se especula acerca del posible y probable encuentro de ambos en esa circunstancia histórica (1860), utilizando ciertos indicios documentales y bibliográficos.
Paul Celan a través de textos de Píndaro y de Hölderlin. Trabajar las lenguas o traducción y reescritura
Authors: Echagüe Hugo
Published: November 2019

Los problemas de lectura e interpretación de los textos de Paul Celan en su relación con la historia y, especialmente, con el Holocausto, nos llevan a proponer esta tarea en la que confluyen las dimensiones de la traducción y de la interpretación (Romano–Sued 2007, Steiner 1975) con la reescritura que Celan efectúa de textos de autores alemanes utilizados por el régimen nazi. Postulamos el desciframiento de la conexión entre una versión de Hölderlin de un fragmento de Píndaro («Das Höchste») con la torsión que le imprime Celan en «Ich trink Wein aus zwei Gläsern» (GW III, 108), lo que incluye el esclarecimiento del poema celaniano y la intención con que lleva a cabo esta versión de la traducción de Hölderlin. Esto nos llevará a ocuparnos de cuestiones vinculadas con la transposición a otra lengua, desde la premisa de que siempre lleva implícita una interpretación. Todo este conjunto de problemas en el marco de un diálogo en conflicto nos permitirá acercarnos a la posición que estos autores ocupan en relación con sus textos y el mundo en que se inscriben.