bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing sizing schedules of aircrew helmets using machine learning techniques
Authors: Biswal P , Swamy SG
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Aircrew equipment assemblies are life critical equipment worn by the aircrew to ensure protection from various life-threatening environmental conditions that may occur in nominal or off-nominal flight conditions. It is important for the sizing system of body worn aircrew equipment to be divided into different size classes such that it is as representative of existing groups in the population as feasible. Machine learning techniques provide a powerful tool to develop efficient sizing systems that are representative of actual body types existing in the population. The objective of the study was to use machine learning clustering techniques to identify naturally existing body types to formulate an optimal sizing system for an aircrew helmet.

Material and Methods:

The standard sizing schedule of an aircrew helmet using head length and head breadth was studied. An iterative semi-supervised machine learning protocol called K-means clustering was used to identify naturally occurring clusters of head types within the population. The cluster boundaries were identified to develop the final sizing schedule. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis was carried out on the four head lengths and head breadths.

Results:

Four clusters of head type were identified using K-means clustering. This led to a sizing schedule which can be descriptively called “Short-Narrow,” “Short-Broad,” “Long-Narrow,” “Long-Broad.” ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the four clusters for both head length and head breadth.

Conclusion:

Consideration of several variables in sizing schedules often fails to meet desired fitment. Standard sizing methods use linear partitions on individual control parameters. In reality, the proportional variation between parameters is not linear. Machine learning tools help in identification of naturally occurring clusters within the database considering several variables at the same time. This study uses machine learning techniques to identify existing groups in a population and develop a final sizing schedule. Similar analysis for other aircrew equipment assemblies can be carried out to determine sizing schedules which assist in design and fitment.
Coriolis Time Intervals in prediction of outcome of Motion Sickness Desensitization Therapy
Authors: Harshith HS , Bhattacharya U , Nataraja MS , Agarwal A
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Motion sickness is a common problem faced during flying training. Aircrew with persistent motion sickness require motion sickness desensitization. Although many aircrew benefit from the motion sickness desensitization therapy (MSDT), a significant number of individuals fail to complete the desensitization program. Early prediction of desensitization program outcome would identify non-responders and help in increasing the efficiency of MSDT.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective survey of candidates who underwent MSDT at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine between 2009 and 2019 was done. Coriolis time interval (CTI) values of 28 candidates could be retrieved. Mean CTI values of the successful and unsuccessful candidates at 5 rotations per minute (RPM) were compared. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test, binary logistic regression, and a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis.

Results:

The unsuccessful group candidates (M = 14.3, SD = 8.7 s) had significantly higher mean CTI values at 5 RPM than the successful group candidates (M = 6, SD =2.3 s); t (15.09) = −3.43, P = 0.04. Logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between the CTI values and MSDT outcome, Chi-square (1, n = 26) =12.73, P ≤ 0.001. ROC analysis revealed a statistically significant curve with a good predictive cutoff value for CTI to identify non-responders.

Conclusion:

Results indicated that CTI values are reliable indicators in predicting the outcome of MSDT. Inclusion of other parameters, both physiological and psychological, that have a good correlation with motion sickness may give us better predictive models. Such predictors will also help in better understanding of the pathophysiology of motion sickness and in formulating improved treatment modalities.
Intradural extramedullary pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report
Authors: Klinger Daniel R. , Dillon Rebecca L. , Clement Nathan F. , Cloran Francis J. , Horkayne-Szakaly Iren
Published: October 2020

Background:

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are uncommon intradural and typically intramedullary astrocytic central nervous system tumors. Although they commonly occur supratentorially, they are rarely seen in the spine.

Case Description:

A 43-year-old male presented with cervical neck pain and right-sided radicular symptoms. He was found to have an intradural extramedullary mass at the C5–C6 level. The lesion was fully excised and proved to be a PXA. Of interest, the lesion did not recur on postoperative MR imaging studies obtained 7 months later.

Conclusion:

While rare, primary intradural extramedullary spinal PXA has been reported. Here, we review such a lesion occurring in a 43-year-old male who did well following gross total excision of the tumor.
Recenzja książki Moniki Malessy‑Drohomireckiej pt. Konwencje, stereotypy, złudzenia. Relacje kobiet i mężczyzn w prozie Josepha Conrada
Authors:   Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie, Branny Grażyna
Published: October 2020

‘Under Joseph Conrad’s Eyes’: A Review of Monika Malessa-Drohomirecka’s Konwencje, stereotypy, złudzenia. Relacje kobiet i mężczyzn w prozie Josepha Conrada [Conventions, Stereotypes, Delusions: Male-Female Relationships in the Prose of Joseph Conrad] (Universitas, Kraków 2017, 334 pages) The review concerns a Conrad monograph by Monika Malessa-Drohomirecka titled Konwencje, stereotypy, złudzenia. Relacje kobiet i mężczyzn w prozie Josepha Conrada [Conventions, Stereotypes, Delusions: Male-Female Relationships in the Prose of Joseph Conrad], which appeared in print at Universitas as a post-doctoral publication in 2017. As the first full-fledged study on the subject on the Polish market, the book fills a gap in the Conrad studies in Poland in the area that has been well covered in the American and West European Conrad studies. The monograph explores male-female relationships in almost all of Conrad’s oeuvre in the context of his biography, the philosophical and literary trends as well as conventions of his epoch. However, as the review points out, albeit in itself nuanced, Malessa-Drohomirecka’s book seems to lack in in-depth analysis and ‚close reading’ at the expense of scope. Keywords: Joseph Conrad, men and women, relationships
The Vitamin C Analogue 2-O-?-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic Acid in Rhizomes, Stems and Leaves of Lycium barbarum
Authors: Bubloz Carole , Udrisard Isabelle , Micaux Fabrice , Piantini Umberto , Amini-Rentsch Lara , Marti Roger , Andlauer Wilfried
Published: October 2020

Awareness of health benefits of goji berries coming from their bioactive compounds, mostly antioxidants like ascorbic acid, has grown. Recently, an ascorbic acid analogue from goji berries, the 2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has been reported. In rats, the analogue is absorbed
intact and in the form of free vitamin C and consequently has been proposed as a provitamin C. Synthesis of the analogue is demanding and laborious and therefore reliable natural sources are searched. Knowledge concerning the analogue's occurrence in other parts of goji plant is lacking. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the contents of 2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid in rhizomes, stems and leaves from Lycium barbarum. Rhizomes, stems and leaveswere extracted and the content of 2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid and non glucosylated, free ascorbic
acid was determined by HPLC-DAD. 2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid was found in all goji plant tissues investigated. Based on dry weight, 3.34 mg/100 g were found in the leaves, 4.05 mg/100 g in the stems and up to 12.6 mg/100 g in the rhizomes. Nevertheless, the analogue content
in goji berries is much higher (40 to 280 mg/100 g dry weight). The present study confirmed the presence of 2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid in rhizomes, stems and leaves of Lycium barbarum. However, their content compared to goji berries is considerably lower.
Europäische Rezeption der Berliner Hofoper und Hofkapelle von 1842 bis 1849
Authors: Cailliez Matthieu
Published: October 2020

The subject of this contribution is the European reception of the Berlin Royal Opera House and Orchestra from 1842 to 1849 based on German, French, Italian, English, Spanish, Belgian and Dutch music journals. The institution of regular symphony concerts, a tradition continuing to the present, was initiated in 1842. Giacomo Meyerbeer and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy were hired as general music directors respectively conductors for the symphony concerts in the same year. The death of the conductor Otto Nicolai on 11th May 1849, two months after the premiere of his opera Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor, coincides with the end of the analysed period, especially since the revolutions of 1848 in Europe represent a turning point in the history of the continent. The lively music activities of these three conductors and composers are carefully studied, as well as the guest performances of foreign virtuosos and singers, and the differences between the Berliner Hofoper and the Königstädtisches Theater.
Tempobezeichnungen von Julius Stockhausen für Die schöne Müllerin: Ein Quellenfund
Authors: Lehmann Christian
Published: October 2020

Julius Stockhausen (1826–1906) is known as the first singer who performed Schubert’s Die schöne Müllerin as a whole cycle in a public concert. A celebrated lieder singer, friend of Brahms, author of pedagogical works, and most prominent German singing teacher of his time, Stockhausen’s influence on lieder singing cannot be overestimated. Recently a manuscript with “Tempo indications for Die schöne Müllerin by Julius Stockhausen” has been found. The document, containing tempo suggestions for every single lied of the song cycle, was written down by the German singing professor Clara Klatte (1867–1945). Some of the suggested tempi are surprisingly fast. In this article the authenticity of the document is discussed under several aspects. The Klatte-Stockhausen document is published here for the first time.
Thüringer Musikszene – Jugendmusikredaktionen als außerschulische musikbezogene Bildungskontexte
Authors: Marx Tobias , Lissner Martin
Published: October 2020

This contribution addresses a music editorial youth project in the context of extracurricular music education: Where and in which manner does musical education take place, particularly regarding music journalism? Opportunities for music journalism do not so much arise in schools or music schools but rather in actively used leisure time. The present study examines the motivation of participants in relation to their peers, host organisations, and project tutors. The concept of serious leisure perspective (Robert A. Stebbins) delivers the frame to discuss the results of the study.
Die Parallelität der Entstehungsprozesse der ersten beiden Symphonien Gustav Mahlers: Instrumentation, Revision und Dirigierpraxis
Authors: Naito Maho
Published: October 2020

As is well known, Gustav Mahler made many revisions to his First and Second Symphony after the completion of the autographs on the occasion of performances. This study focuses on these two symphonies in order to clarify his revising processes and features of revisions by deep analysis and by analysing and comparing of the autographs, the copies and the published scores with Mahler’s own handwritten annotations. In addition, the circumstances of Hamburg State Opera (Hamburger Stadttheater) also come up for discussion. There, Mahler conducted a lot of operas and orchestral works during the time when he composed and revised the two symphonies. In this article I demonstrate that the revising processes of these symphonies show the similar features of instrumental changes. Furthermore Mahler’s activities as a conductor in Hamburg had a large influence on his composing and revising processes.
Synthese als Modus der Prozessualität bei Schubert: Sein spezifisches Wiederholungsprinzip im langsamen Satz
Authors: Takamatsu Yusuke
Published: October 2020

In contrast to Beethoven’s music, Schubert’s music has been described through the concept of “a-finality” (Fischer 1983), employing the same elements repeatedly. In this sense, Schubert’s music seems incompatible with the kind of “processual” thinking which is typical for Beethoven’s music. This paper addresses such incompatibility through a comparison of the slow movements of Schubert’s piano sonata D 840 with those of Beethoven’s piano sonata No. 8 (op. 13) which is one of the possible precursors for D 840. The second movement of D 840 features an ABABA structure in which the themes of the first part A and the first part B become integrated into the second part A. This kind of integration differs fundamentally from the design of Beethoven’s op. 13, insofar as the two themes are combined while they also maintain their initial form. This mode of combination suggests Schubert’s own type of synthetic or “processual” thinking.
Psychoakustische Sonifikation zur Navigation in bildgeführter Chirurgie
Authors: Ziemer Tim , Schultheis Holger
Published: October 2020

Sonification is the systematic transformation of data to sound. Sonification is a means to communicate information, to support navigation, or to explore data. In a multi-disciplinary research project we develop a psychoacoustically-motivated sonification that supports surgeons’ orientation in image-guided interventions. One drawback of image-guidance is that neither the location of monitors nor the displayed view on the patient’s anatomy coincides with the actual viewpoint of the surgeon. Surgeons need to mentally scale, rotate, and translate the displayed graphics. These operations are cognitively demanding. Sonification can reduce cognitive load and relieve the visual channel to improve the ergonomic situation in the operating room by communicating the location of the target, relative to the tool tip, like the center of a tumor relative to the ablation needle. By means of psychoacoustic sonification we ensure that the sounds are readily interpretable in terms of orthogonal and linear dimensions with a high resolution.
Aplikasi TEMPO Sebagai Metode Pengendalian TB dan TB HIV Di Desa Punggur Kapuas dan Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Priyono Djoko , Nurfianti Arina , Fahdi Faisal Kholid , Maulana M Ali , Arisanti Nita Yulanda
Published: October 2020

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular yang menyebabkan kematian ketiga setelah penyakit kardiovaskular dan penyakit saluran pernafasan. Prevalensi yang semakin meningkat memerlukan kegiatan skrining yang sistematis untuk mencegah meluasnya penyakit menular TB sekaligus mendukung program pemerintah dengan memasimalkan peran tenaga kesehatan sebagai garda utama dan memberdayakan masyarakat dalam upaya saling membantu mengurangi hingga mengeliminasi penyakit TB. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengguankan strategi TEMPO (TEMukan pasien secepatnya, Pisahkan secara aman, Obati secara tepat). Metode ini mudah untuk diterapkan dan tidak membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Dengan metode ini pula akan mengurangi resiko penularan kasus TB dan TB Resistan obat yang belum teridentifikasi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di desa punggur Kapuas dan sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 100 orang. Kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa skrining, penyuluhan dan kegiatan pengkaderan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan 75 orang dinyatakan negatif mengalami TB.
Evaluation of self abilities among people with advanced cancer
Authors: Ganapathy Sankar U  , Monisha R
Published: October 2020

Living with cancer can have adverse effects on the self. Various factors affect the person self in daily life. It is well documented that encouragement can provide hope and engagement for a person with cancer to engage in his activities of daily living. The support of family and friends helps the persons to lead his life along with the illness. Cancer rehabilitation is a rapidly evolving field all over the world, in large part because of increases in the number of cancer survivors. Everybody wishes to restore the function as resume their lives as usual. Few argue with the rehabilitation experts that treatment options differ from country to country, and does it affect the survival rate? Little research is done to explore how the self of the person suffering in advanced stages of cancer, and we aim to evaluate how people with cancer experience their sense of self. Thirty interviews were conducted with ten patients with advanced cancer, and grounded theory approach was used for statistical evaluation of data. Accepting self and reassessing self was the result of engaging the person in a specific occupation, which is considered to have a core in rehabilitating the person with advanced cancer. Engagement towards occupation influence the self of a person with advanced cancer.
Knowledge about risk factors, symptoms and diet pertaining to cardiac disease among rural population of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Narayanaswamy A G  , Meenakshi K  , Porchelvan S  , Harsha Nair H  , Akshaya S  , Roshini Priya V  , Akshya C K C  , Tamil Selvan S
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of Cardiovascular Vascular Disease is increasing rapidly and has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developing and developed countries. Demographic transitions, adoption of unhealthy lifestyles and diet, sedentary occupations and even ignorance has contributed to this epidemic. However, there are very few existing studies determining the awareness of CVD and its risk factors among general population. We studied 640 patients from one subset of rural Chennai to determine the essential knowledge on various aspects of coronary artery disease. Most of our patients were aware that chest pain, sweating, palpitation, increased consumption of fatty and oily food, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were associated with heart disease. What was surprising was that majority did not know that dyspnea, edema and oliguria could occur in Cardiovascular Vascular Disease. Many did not know that avoidance of sedentary lifestyle was heart healthy and almost 50% of the study population were unaware that consumption of increased amount of green leafy vegetables and could prevent heart disease. Half of the study population did not recognise that family history of premature cardiovascular disease could predispose to the same in the offspring. Methods to Increase this awareness and follow up programs to monitor whether they are implemented could go a long way to reduce the prevalence of the disease.
Research of the Late Paleolithic Site Pritubinsk I in the South-Minusinsk Hollow: On the Variability of Kokorevo Culture of the Middle Yenisei
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Akimova E. V. , Kharevich V. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Stasyuk I. V. ,   V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical University
Published: October 2020

Since the XIX century, South-Minusinsk hollow has been an area of scientific interest for the Paleometal Epoch and Middle Ages researches although many years of intense focus investigations of any ancient sites have not brought the expected outcomes. Based on current data, the territory of South-Minusinsk hollow had been affected by disastrous meltwater freshets three times during the Sartan period (MIS 2), which destroyed cover deposits that could have included the Late Paleolithic sites and Pleistocene fauna remains. Currently, the only known Late Paleolithic site there is Pritubinsk I. Survey works were conducted in 2017–2018. The first cultural layer (11 492±200 ВР) included 853 stone artefacts, mostly small flakes and generalized flakes. The collection also consists of wedge-shaped microcores, graftoir scrapers, burins on small blades and flakes, choppers, retouched flakes and blades. The second cultural layer (14 485±150 ВР) included 320 items among them wedge-shaped core, bigger burins, circular end-scrappers, fragments of blades and microblades, numerous pieces and flakes. The most interest is a «trove» of five end-scrappers (three of them had a broken handle), large blades, flakes with retouche, a piece of a chisel-like tool and three flakes. Trasological study revealed traces of scraping, supplemented by traces of cutting and shaping on six subjects, as well as traces of transportation, which indicate that cores, blanks and tools had been carried all together. Stone inventory of both cultural layers allows us to attribute it to the Kokorevo archaeological culture of the Middle Yenisei. However, the southernmost Kokorevo sites are remote north-west from Pritubinsk I for more than 150 kilometers. Discovering of the site in the lower reaches of Tuba river rises a question about the references of industries between Kokorevo sites of the Yenisei and remote Pritubinsk I. The collection of stone inventory is characterized by multiple multifunctional tools and lack of large cores, which are traditional for Kokorevo. We suppose that Pritubinsk I could have been a hunter’s camping with certain functions (dressing, production of the tools etc.). As for the large cores, they could have been produced in other places. As a result, Pritubinsk I is the only evidence that Kokorevo people settled far away to the East from the indicated area.
An Automatic Feature Extraction Approach to Image Classification Using Genetic Programming
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. Feature extraction is an essential process for image data dimensionality reduction and classification. However, feature extraction is very difficult and often requires human intervention. Genetic Programming (GP) can achieve automatic feature extraction and image classification but the majority of existing methods extract low-level features from raw images without any image-related operations. Furthermore, the work on the combination of image-related operators/descriptors in GP for feature extraction and image classification is limited. This paper proposes a multi-layer GP approach (MLGP) to performing automatic high-level feature extraction and classification. A new program structure, a new function set including a number of image operators/descriptors and two region detectors, and a new terminal set are designed in this approach. The performance of the proposed method is examined on six different data sets of varying difficulty and compared with five GP based methods and 42 traditional image classification methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better or comparable performance than these baseline methods. Further analysis on the example programs evolved by the proposed MLGP method reveals the good interpretability of MLGP and gives insight into how this method can effectively extract high-level features for image classification.
A hybrid differential evolution approach to designing deep convolutional neural networks for image classification
Authors: Wang Bin , Sun Y , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their superiority in image classification, and evolutionary computation (EC) methods have recently been surging to automatically design the architectures of CNNs to save the tedious work of manually designing CNNs. In this paper, a new hybrid differential evolution (DE) algorithm with a newly added crossover operator is proposed to evolve the architectures of CNNs of any lengths, which is named DECNN. There are three new ideas in the proposed DECNN method. Firstly, an existing effective encoding scheme is refined to cater for variable-length CNN architectures; Secondly, the new mutation and crossover operators are developed for variable-length DE to optimise the hyperparameters of CNNs; Finally, the new second crossover is introduced to evolve the depth of the CNN architectures. The proposed algorithm is tested on six widely-used benchmark datasets and the results are compared to 12 state-of-the-art methods, which shows the proposed method is vigorously competitive to the state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed method is also compared with a method using particle swarm optimisation with a similar encoding strategy named IPPSO, and the proposed DECNN outperforms IPPSO in terms of the accuracy.
A Hybrid Genetic Programming Algorithm for Automated Design of Dispatching Rules
Authors: Nguyen Su , Mei Yi , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Designing effective dispatching rules for production systems is a difficult and timeconsuming task if it is done manually. In the last decade, the growth of computing power, advanced machine learning, and optimisation techniques has made the automated design of dispatching rules possible and automatically discovered rules are competitive or outperform existing rules developed by researchers. Genetic programming is one of the most popular approaches to discovering dispatching rules in the literature, especially for complex production systems. However, the large heuristic search space may restrict genetic programming from finding near optimal dispatching rules. This article develops a new hybrid genetic programming algorithm for dynamic job shop scheduling based on a new representation, a new local search heuristic, and efficient fitness evaluators. Experiments show that the new method is effective regarding the quality of evolved rules. Moreover, evolved rules are also significantly smaller and contain more relevant attributes.
Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Deep Learning Using an End-to-End Random Forest-Based Performance Predictor
Authors: Sun Y , Wang H , Xue Bing , Jin Y , Yen GG , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 1997-2012 IEEE. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown remarkable performance in various real-world applications. Unfortunately, the promising performance of CNNs can be achieved only when their architectures are optimally constructed. The architectures of state-of-the-art CNNs are typically handcrafted with extensive expertise in both CNNs and the investigated data, which consequently hampers the widespread adoption of CNNs for less experienced users. Evolutionary deep learning (EDL) is able to automatically design the best CNN architectures without much expertise. However, the existing EDL algorithms generally evaluate the fitness of a new architecture by training from scratch, resulting in the prohibitive computational cost even operated on high-performance computers. In this paper, an end-to-end offline performance predictor based on the random forest is proposed to accelerate the fitness evaluation in EDL. The proposed performance predictor shows the promising performance in term of the classification accuracy and the consumed computational resources when compared with 18 state-of-the-art peer competitors by integrating into an existing EDL algorithm as a case study. The proposed performance predictor is also compared with the other two representatives of existing performance predictors. The experimental results show the proposed performance predictor not only significantly speeds up the fitness evaluations but also achieves the best prediction among the peer performance predictors.
Completely Automated CNN Architecture Design Based on Blocks
Authors: Sun Y , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie , Yen GG
Published: October 2020

© 2019 IEEE. The performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) highly relies on their architectures. In order to design a CNN with promising performance, extensive expertise in both CNNs and the investigated problem domain is required, which is not necessarily available to every interested user. To address this problem, we propose to automatically evolve CNN architectures by using a genetic algorithm (GA) based on ResNet and DenseNet blocks. The proposed algorithm is completely automatic in designing CNN architectures. In particular, neither preprocessing before it starts nor postprocessing in terms of CNNs is needed. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm does not require users with domain knowledge on CNNs, the investigated problem, or even GAs. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 benchmark data sets against 18 state-of-the-art peer competitors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art CNNs hand-crafted and the CNNs designed by automatic peer competitors in terms of the classification performance and achieves a competitive classification accuracy against semiautomatic peer competitors. In addition, the proposed algorithm consumes much less computational resource than most peer competitors in finding the best CNN architectures.
Genetic Programming With a New Representation to Automatically Learn Features and Evolve Ensembles for Image Classification
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

Image classification is a popular task in machine learning and computer vision, but it is very challenging due to high variation crossing images. Using ensemble methods for solving image classification can achieve higher classification performance than using a single classification algorithm. However, to obtain a good ensemble, the component (base) classifiers in an ensemble should be accurate and diverse. To solve image classification effectively, feature extraction is necessary to transform raw pixels into high-level informative features. However, this process often requires domain knowledge. This article proposes an evolutionary approach based on genetic programming to automatically and simultaneously learn informative features and evolve effective ensembles for image classification. The new approach takes raw images as inputs and returns predictions of class labels based on the evolved classifiers. To achieve this, a new individual representation, a new function set, and a new terminal set are developed to allow the new approach to effectively find the best solution. More important, the solutions of the new approach can extract informative features from raw images and can automatically address the diversity issue of the ensembles. In addition, the new approach can automatically select and optimize the parameters for the classification algorithms in the ensemble. The performance of the new approach is examined on 13 different image classification datasets of varying difficulty and compared with a large number of effective methods. The results show that the new approach achieves better classification accuracy on most datasets than the competitive methods. Further analysis demonstrates that the new approach can evolve solutions with high accuracy and diversity.
Guided Subtree Selection for Genetic Operators in Genetic Programming for Dynamic Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Mei Yi , Nguyen S , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Dynamic flexible job shop scheduling (DFJSS) has been widely studied in both academia and industry. Both machine assignment and operation sequencing decisions need to be made simultaneously as an operation can be processed by a set of machines in DFJSS. Using scheduling heuristics to solve the DFJSS problems becomes an effective way due to its efficiency and simplicity. Genetic programming (GP) has been successfully applied to evolve scheduling heuristics for job shop scheduling automatically. However, the subtrees of the selected parents are randomly chosen in traditional GP for crossover and mutation, which may not be sufficiently effective, especially in a huge search space. This paper proposes new strategies to guide the subtree selection rather than picking them randomly. To be specific, the occurrences of features are used to measure the importance of each subtree of the selected parents. The probability to select a subtree is based on its importance and the type of genetic operators. This paper examines the proposed algorithm on six DFJSS scenarios. The results show that the proposed GP algorithm with the guided subtree selection for crossover can converge faster and achieve significantly better performance than its counterpart in half of the scenarios while no worse in all other scenarios without increasing the computational time.
Genetic Programming with Adaptive Search Based on the Frequency of Features for Dynamic Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Mei Yi , Nguyen S , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Dynamic flexible job shop scheduling (DFJSS) is a very valuable practical application problem that can be applied in many fields such as cloud computing and manufacturing. In DFJSS, machine assignment and operation sequencing decisions need to be made simultaneously in dynamic environments with unpredicted events such as new job arrivals. Scheduling heuristic is an ideal candidate for solving the DFJSS problem due to its efficiency and simplicity. Genetic programming (GP) has been successfully applied to evolve scheduling heuristics for job shop scheduling automatically. However, GP has a huge search space, and the traditional search algorithms do not utilise effectively the information obtained from the evolutionary process. This paper proposes a new method to make better use of the information during the evolutionary process of GP to further enhance the ability of GP. To be specific, this paper proposes two adaptive search strategies based on the frequency of features in promising individuals to guide GP to evolve effective rules. This paper examines the proposed algorithm on six different DFJSS scenarios. The results show that the proposed GP with adaptive search can converge faster and achieve significantly better performance than the GP without adaptive search in most scenarios while no worse in all other scenarios without increasing the computational cost.
Genetic Programming with Image-Related Operators and A Flexible Program Structure for Feature Learning in Image Classification
Authors: Bi Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

IEEE Feature extraction is essential for solving image classification by transforming low-level pixel values into high-level features. However, extracting effective features from images is challenging due to high variations across images in scale, rotation, illumination, and background. Existing methods often have a fixed model complexity and require domain expertise. Genetic programming with a flexible representation can find the best solution without the use of domain knowledge. This paper proposes a new genetic programming-based approach to automatically learning informative features for different image classification tasks. In the new approach, a number of image-related operators, including filters, pooling operators and feature extraction methods, are employed as functions. A flexible program structure is developed to integrate different functions and terminals into a single tree/solution. The new approach can evolve solutions of variable depths to extract various numbers and types of features from the images. The new approach is examined on 12 different image classification tasks of varying difficulty and compared with a large number of effective algorithms. The results show that the new approach achieves better classification performance than most benchmark methods. The analysis of the evolved programs/solutions and the visualisation of the learned features provide deep insights on the proposed approach.
OS CONTEÚDOS DE GEOCIÊNCIAS NA DISCIPLINA DE GEOGRAFIA: ANALISANDO OS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Silva Cláudia Patrícia Araújo e , Souza Raquel Franco de
Published: October 2020

No Ensino Fundamental brasileiro, os conteúdos de geociências estão distribuídos, sobretudo, nas disciplinas de Ciências e Geografia. Porém há um maior enfoque destes somente a partir do Ensino Fundamental II. Buscou-se, então, mapear os conteúdos de geociências nos Livros Didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental I (EFI), utilizados no município de Natal/RN, para avaliar sua presença neste ciclo do ensino. Os conteúdos foram identificados e quantificados por meio da contagem de incrementos de ¼ de páginas. A quantificação dos conteúdos considerou as Unidades Temáticas propostas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Os resultados indicam presença de conteúdos de geociências nos livros do 1º ao 5º ano, mais concentrados a partir do 3º ano, com destaque para o 4º ano do EFI. Identificou ainda o tema paisagem como um dos eixos estruturantes para o ensino dos conteúdos geocientíficos.
Methemoglobinemia – A review and recommendation for management – Acute methemoglobinemia with hemolytic anemia following suicidal use of aniline based substance
Authors:   1Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Emergency Department, Torun, Poland. 2Faculty of Health Science, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
Published: October 2020

Methemoglobinemia is a rare disease classification related with congenital or acquired (usually iatrogenic) hemoglobin oxygenation disorder. Despite the fact that number of potentially methemoglobin forming agents is very long, methemoglobinemia is still a case-report of patients admitting to the Emergency Departments. The patient was brought after consuming resin hardener for suicidal purposes from the Center of lower reference to the hospital Emergency Department with suspected burns of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient presented cyanosis, dyspnoea and brown-colored urine on admission.
Rare case of ectopic pleomorphic adenoma on the plane of the cheek
Authors:   1 Head of general surgery department in Altarmya general hospital -Baghdad 2 David Tvildiani Medical University 3 Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 4 Consultant pathologist Al-kindy teaching hospital
Published: October 2020

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of the salivary gland with the highest incidence rate among all salivary gland tumors in the general population. Even though it’s common, ectopic presentation of the same is rare. When it happens, it presents in the head and neck region. We discuss in this paper a rare case of ectopic pleomorphic adenoma on the plane of the cheek.
Design of The Performance Evaluation of Suppliers at UKM Weedang Uwuh Based on Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM)
Authors: Astuti Marni , Nurdin Riani
Published: October 2020

The development of small business is increasing with the presence of global competition. The current industrial ecology demands a continuous evaluation process to be able to survive and strive to improve quality products. Weeka Wedang Uwuh continuously improves its business system by paying attention to suppliers of raw materials. Supplier evaluation is carried out to guarantee sustainable quality and performance. Sustainable performance evaluation can produce good judgment if it is supported by a performance appraisal instrument. Supplier performance assessment will be useful to build a good and sustainable relationship between entrepreneurs and suppliers. The design of supplier performance evaluation is carried out using the QCDFR model approach namely, Quality, Cost, Delivery, Flexibility and Responsibility. The sub-criteria study that forms the QCDFR model is carried out using the interview method. QCDFR and Sub Criteria hereinafter referred to as KPI (Key Performance Indicator). KPI is an indicator of ongoing evaluation of the relationship between suppliers and entrepreneurs. The assessment of suppliers from entrepreneurs is carried out using the AHP approach which is able to show the weight of the entrepreneur's assessment of the ability of suppliers. The results of the Weeka Wedang Uwuh supplier performance evaluation model design results in a formulation to measure KPIs with criteria: quality of raw materials (size and condition of raw materials), ease of service (payment tolerance and information on availability and price changes, experience (average transaction value and average) average number of transactions), speed of response (changes in the amount and change in time and price of raw materials). Evaluation of the supplier's weight assessment for raw materials of ginger, sugar and sapphire resulted in the values of Mr. Sarno 0.501, Sugeng 0.709 and Mbak Wang 0.690. KPI measurement reinforces the results of the evaluation of weight assessment using AHP.
METHODS FOR ENSURING THE RELIABILITY OF MODERN ULSI
Authors: Gornev E.
Published: October 2020

Ensuring the reliability of radio electronic equipment and systems based on it is considered a complex scientific and technical problem, the solution of which depends on many factors. It is noted that the reliability of the product is laid down in its development, provided in its production and maintained in its operation. The main directions of world research to ensure reliability are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the methods of modeling, including the creation of electronic twins and a new virtual reality that allows you to penetrate into the essence of ULSI.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MODELING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPONENTS
Authors: Lebedkin Ivan , Molotkov Andrey , Tretiyakova Olga
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a development of a software package for the implementation of industrial technology of selective laser melting. The developed software package allows us to solve the problems of organizing an effective production cycle for research and manufacturing of technically complex products of the aerospace, medical and engineering industries.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR MODELING THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC OF A MEMRISTOR
Authors: Ereshchenko A.
Published: October 2020

The goal of this work is to explore the possibility of using machine learning algorithms for modeling the current-voltage characteristic of a memristor, using modeling of HfO2 and TiO2 based memristors as an example. The possibility of combining several mathematical models based on the predictions of individual models is investigated. The results obtained using the combined model are compared with the predictions of individual models and experimental data.
Análisis numérico del comportamiento del flujo en la sección de la garganta de una tobera cónica experimental
Authors: Tolentino Masgo San Luis Baudilio , Parco Maria Alejandra , Caraballo Simón , Lacruz Leonardo , Marcano Vicente , Ferreira John , Mírez Jorge
Published: October 2020

El patrón de flujo en toberas supersónicas lo definen los perfiles aerodinámicos de la geometría de las paredes internas, entre otros parámetros, donde la garganta es una sección crítica. En el presente trabajo, el objetivo es analizar el comportamiento del flujo en la sección recta de la garganta de una tobera cónica experimental de un motor de cohete sonda de combustible sólido. El flujo sobreexpandido se simuló con el código ANSYS-Fluent en un dominio computacional 2D, empleando el modelo RANS y el modelo de turbulencia de Menter, y la ecuación de Sutherland para la viscosidad en función de la temperatura. Se llevaron a cabo cinco casos de estudio para la longitud de garganta en el rango de 1-10 mm. Se obtuvo fluctuaciones de número de Mach, presión y temperatura, ondas de choque oblicuas en la sección de la garganta para la longitud de 10 mm; para longitudes menores disminuyó la intensidad de la magnitud del choque. Se concluye que para la longitud de garganta de 1 mm el flujo es transónico sin la presencia de choques oblicuos. En la sección divergente, las ondas de choque varían en su intensidad y cambian de posición.
On (Î¼1, Î¼2, Î¼3)-Weakly Generalized Closed Sets
Authors: Agua Breix Michael , Paluga Rolando N.
Published: October 2020

This paper defines a new generalization of closed sets in a tri-generalized topological space called (Î¼1, Î¼2, Î¼3)-weakly generalized closed set (or briefly (Î¼1,Î¼2, Î¼3)-wg closed set) which is defined as follows: A subset A of X is (Î¼1, Î¼2, Î¼3)-weakly generalized closed set if clÎ¼1(intÎ¼2(A)) âŠ†U whenever A âŠ† U and U is Î¼3-open in X. At least fifteen defined closed sets found in literature are considered special cases of (Î¼1, Î¼2, Î¼3)-weakly generalized closed set under some conditions. Furthermore, some properties of (Î¼1, Î¼2, Î¼3)-weakly generalized closed sets are obtained.
Ensino de língua estrangeira: os métodos
Authors: Santos Milena Meira Ramos dos
Published: October 2020

Language teaching methodologies have changed/improved over the years to meet the needs of teachers and students in the classroom. In this paper we aim to present the evolution of foreign language teaching through a description of language teaching methodologies over time. We describe the principles underlying some methodologies, the role of teacher and student, and how learning assessment is done. Authors such as Richards and Rodgers (1991), Almeida Filho (1999), Silva (2004), Pérez (2007), among others, were some of the academic experts on which we relied to conduct this study. We conclude that methods should work as a reference for the teacher, and should be adapted to each particular situation or context in which they live. Therefore, the teachers should use the methodologies that reflect their principles, reducing the distance between the theory developed by language experts and the teaching experience.
Certificación de inglés como lengua extranjera y comprensión lectora.
Authors: Flores Leos Aglae Beatriz , Rodríguez Bulnes María Guadalupe
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta la deficiencia en la certificación del inglés como lengua extranjera en estudiantes del Instituto de Educación Superior en Estudios de la Salud (IESALUD) y se pretende preparar al estudiante con las habilidades lingüísticas adecuadas para que obtenga una certificación en el idioma inglés que avale su conocimiento. Para el proyecto se aplicó la metodología Investigación-Acción y el examen TOEFL PBT en 25 estudiantes para conocer las dificultades lingüísticas y, con base a ello, prepararlos para incrementar la habilidad que obtuvo menos puntaje. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la comprensión lectora fue la habilidad que más se les dificulta aprender a los estudiantes, por lo que se llevó a cabo una serie de actividades para incrementar esta habilidad.
Emulsiones en alimentos y sus aplicaciones.
Authors: Álvarez Nava Héctor , Bautista Villarreal Minerva
Published: October 2020

Las emulsiones tienen una función en las estructuras químicas y físicas de muchos alimentos naturales y procesados. En general, una emulsión se define como una estructura formada por la dispersión de 1 de los 2 líquidos inmiscibles dentro del otro en forma de pequeñas gotas. Existen varios términos para describir diferentes tipos de emulsiones, y es muy importante definir estos términos como macroemulsión, nanoemulsión, microemulsion y emulsión múltiple. Las nanoemulsiones se vuelven cada vez más importantes en la industria alimentaria como un enfoque innovador para transportar agentes funcionales. El potencial de aplicación de emulsiones múltiples (W / O / W) se afirma que es muy alto en la industria alimentaria. Los dos propósitos estratégicos principales de la utilización de múltiples emulsiones en aplicaciones alimentarias son encapsular diversos aromas, compuestos bioactivos o compuestos alimentarios sensibles y permitir la producción de productos bajos en grasa. Esta revisión expondrá una descripción general de los términos utilizados en emulsiones alimentarias, el trabajo de varios agentes emulsionantes y el potencial de aplicación de las emulsiones en la industria alimentaria.