bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The global landscape of cognition: hierarchical aggregation as an organizational principle of human cortical networks and functions
Authors: Taylor P. , Hobbs J. N. , Burroni J. , Siegelmann H. T.
Published: December 2015

Though widely hypothesized, limited evidence exists that human brain functions organize in global gradients of abstraction starting from sensory cortical inputs. Hierarchical representation is accepted in computational networks and tentatively in visual neuroscience, yet no direct holistic demonstrations exist in vivo. Our methods developed network models enriched with tiered directionality, by including input locations, a critical feature for localizing representation in networks generally. Grouped primary sensory cortices defined network inputs, displaying global connectivity to fused inputs. Depth-oriented networks guided analyses of fMRI databases (~17,000 experiments;~1/4 of fMRI literature). Formally, we tested whether network depth predicted localization of abstract versus concrete behaviors over the whole set of studied brain regions. For our results, new cortical graph metrics, termed network-depth, ranked all databased cognitive function activations by network-depth. Thus, we objectively sorted stratified landscapes of cognition, starting from grouped sensory inputs in parallel, progressing deeper into cortex. This exposed escalating amalgamation of function or abstraction with increasing network-depth, globally. Nearly 500 new participants confirmed our results. In conclusion, data-driven analyses defined a hierarchically ordered connectome, revealing a related continuum of cognitive function. Progressive functional abstraction over network depth may be a fundamental feature of brains and is observed in artificial networks.
Local structural distortion and electrical transport properties of Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 perovskite under high pressure
Authors: Zhu Jinlong , Yang Liuxiang , Wang Hsiu-Wen , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Wenge , Hong Xinguo , Jin Changqing , Zhao Yusheng
Published: December 2015

Perovskite-structure materials generally exhibit local structural distortions that are distinct from long-range, average crystal structure. The characterization of such distortion is critical to understanding the structural and physical properties of materials. In this work, we combined Pair Distribution Function (PDF) technique with Raman spectroscopy and electrical resistivity measurement to study Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 perovskite under high pressure. PDF analysis reveals strong local structural distortion at ambient conditions. As pressure increases, the local structure distortions are substantially suppressed and eventually vanish around 4 GPa, leading to concurrent changes in the electronic band structure and anomalies in the electrical resistivity. Consistent with PDF analysis, Raman spectroscopy data suggest that the local structure changes to a higher ordered state at pressures above 4 GPa.
Nudix hydrolases degrade protein-conjugated ADP-ribose
Authors: Daniels Casey M. , Thirawatananond Puchong , Ong Shao-En , Gabelli Sandra B. , Leung Anthony K. L.
Published: December 2015

ADP-ribosylation refers to the transfer of the ADP-ribose group from NAD+ to target proteins post-translationally, either attached singly as mono(ADP-ribose) (MAR) or in polymeric chains as poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Though ADP-ribosylation is therapeutically important, investigation of this protein modification has been limited by a lack of proteomic tools for site identification. Recent work has demonstrated the potential of a tag-based pipeline in which MAR/PAR is hydrolyzed down to phosphoribose, leaving a 212 Dalton tag at the modification site. While the pipeline has been proven effective by multiple groups, a barrier to application has become evident: the enzyme used to transform MAR/PAR into phosphoribose must be purified from the rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus venom, which is contaminated with proteases detrimental for proteomic applications. Here, we outline the steps necessary to purify snake venom phosphodiesterase I (SVP) and describe two alternatives to SVP—the bacterial Nudix hydrolase EcRppH and human HsNudT16. Importantly, expression and purification schemes for these Nudix enzymes have already been proven, with high-quality yields easily attainable. We demonstrate their utility in identifying ADP-ribosylation sites on Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) with mass spectrometry and discuss a structure-based rationale for this Nudix subclass in degrading protein-conjugated ADP-ribose, including both MAR and PAR.
Remote coral reefs can sustain high growth potential and may match future sea-level trends
Authors: Perry Chris T. , Murphy Gary N. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Wilson Shaun K. , Januchowski-Hartley Fraser A. , East Holly K.
Published: December 2015

Climate-induced disturbances are contributing to rapid, global-scale changes in coral reef ecology. As a consequence, reef carbonate budgets are declining, threatening reef growth potential and thus capacity to track rising sea-levels. Whether disturbed reefs can recover their growth potential and how rapidly, are thus critical research questions. Here we address these questions by measuring the carbonate budgets of 28 reefs across the Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean) which, while geographically remote and largely isolated from compounding human impacts, experienced severe (>90%) coral mortality during the 1998 warming event. Coral communities on most reefs recovered rapidly and we show that carbonate budgets in 2015 average +3.7 G (G = kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1). Most significantly the production rates on Acropora-dominated reefs, the corals most severely impacted in 1998, averaged +8.4 G by 2015, comparable with estimates under pre-human (Holocene) disturbance conditions. These positive budgets are reflected in high reef growth rates (4.2 mm yr−1) on Acropora-dominated reefs, demonstrating that carbonate budgets on these remote reefs have recovered rapidly from major climate-driven disturbances. Critically, these reefs retain the capacity to grow at rates exceeding measured regional mid-late Holocene and 20th century sea-level rise and close to IPCC sea-level rise projections through to 2100.
Attrition of Hepatic Damage Inflicted by Angiotensin II with α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene in Experimental Apolipoprotein E Knock-out Mice
Authors: Gopal Kaliappan , Gowtham Munusamy , Sachin Singh , Ravishankar Ram Mani , Shankar Esaki M. , Kamarul Tunku
Published: December 2015

Angiotensin II is one of the key regulatory peptides implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. The mechanisms underlying the salubrious role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene on liver pathology have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the role of Angiotensin II on hepatic damage and if α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation attenuates hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was induced in Apoe−/−mice by infusion of Angiotensin II followed by oral administration with α-tocopherol and β-carotene-enriched diet for 60 days. Investigations showed fibrosis, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte degeneration and hepatic cell apoptosis; sinusoidal dilatation along with haemorrhages; evidence of fluid accumulation; increased ROS level and increased AST and ALT activities. In addition, tPA and uPA were down-regulated due to 42-fold up-regulation of PAI-1. MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12, and M-CSF were down-regulated in Angiotensin II-treated animals. Notably, α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment controlled ROS, fibrosis, hepatocyte degeneration, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte apoptosis, sinusoidal dilatation and fluid accumulation in the liver sinusoids and liver enzyme levels. In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by β-carotene treatment. Thus, Angiotensin II markedly influenced hepatic damage possibly by restraining fibrinolytic system. We concluded that α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment has salubrious role in repairing hepatic pathology.
Self-assembly preparation of SiO2@Ni-Al layered double hydroxide composites and their enhanced electrorheological characteristics
Authors: Ji Xuqiang , Zhang Wenling , Shan Lei , Tian Yu , Liu Jingquan
Published: December 2015

The core-shell structured SiO2@Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites were prepared via self-assembly of Ni-Al LDH on the surface of SiO2 spheres. Only coating a layer of ultrathin Ni-Al LDH sheet, the resulting SiO2@Ni-Al LDH composites exhibit significantly enhanced electrorheological (ER) characteristics compared to conventional bare SiO2 spheres. The monodispersed SiO2 spheres with average diameters of 260 nm were synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), while the shell part, Ni-Al LDH sheet was prepared by the hydrothermal procedure. The morphology of the samples was investigated via scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The species and distribution of elements in samples were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX) and elemental mapping in STEM. Subsequently, the ER characteristics of the composites dispersed in insulating oil were characterized by a rotational rheometer. The electric field-stimulated rheological performances (yield stress, viscosity, modulus, etc.) were observed under an external electric field, which is different from the Newtonian state in the free electric field.
Hepatocystin is Essential for TRPM7 Function During Early Embryogenesis
Authors: Overton Jeffrey D. , Komiya Yuko , Mezzacappa Courtney , Nama Kaushik , Cai Na , Lou Liping , Fedeles Sorin V. , Habas Raymond , Runnels Loren W.
Published: December 2015

Mutations in protein kinase C substrate 80K-H (PRKCSH), which encodes for an 80 KDa protein named hepatocystin (80K-H, PRKCSH), gives rise to polycystic liver disease (PCLD). Hepatocystin functions as the noncatalytic beta subunit of Glucosidase II, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzyme involved in processing and quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins. Patients harboring heterozygous germline mutations in PRKCSH are thought to develop renal cysts as a result of somatic loss of the second allele, which subsequently interferes with expression of the TRP channel polycystin-2 (PKD2). Deletion of both alleles of PRKCSH in mice results in embryonic lethality before embryonic day E11.5. Here, we investigated the function of hepatocystin during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis and identified hepatocystin as a binding partner of the TRPM7 ion channel, whose function is required for vertebrate gastrulation. We find that TRPM7 functions synergistically with hepatocystin. Although other N-glycosylated proteins are critical to early development, overexpression of TRPM7 in Xenopus laevis embryos was sufficient to fully rescue the gastrulation defect caused by loss of hepatocystin. We observed that depletion of hepatocystin in Xenopus laevis embryos decreased TRPM7 expression, indicating that the early embryonic lethality caused by loss of hepatocystin is mainly due to impairment of TRPM7 protein expression.
Clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA for molecular assessment in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takai Erina , Totoki Yasushi , Nakamura Hiromi , Morizane Chigusa , Nara Satoshi , Hama Natsuko , Suzuki Masami , Furukawa Eisaku , Kato Mamoru , Hayashi Hideyuki , Kohno Takashi , Ueno Hideki , Shimada Kazuaki , Okusaka Takuji , Nakagama Hitoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Yachida Shinichi
Published: December 2015

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. The genomic landscape of the PDAC genome features four frequently mutated genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4) and dozens of candidate driver genes altered at low frequency, including potential clinical targets. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising resource to detect and monitor molecular characteristics of tumors. In the present study, we determined the mutational status of KRAS in plasma cfDNA using multiplex picoliter-droplet digital PCR in 259 patients with PDAC. We constructed a novel modified SureSelect-KAPA-Illumina platform and an original panel of 60 genes. We then performed targeted deep sequencing of cfDNA and matched germline DNA samples in 48 patients who had ≥1% mutant allele frequencies of KRAS in plasma cfDNA. Importantly, potentially targetable somatic mutations were identified in 14 of 48 patients (29.2%) examined by targeted deep sequencing of cfDNA. We also analyzed somatic copy number alterations based on the targeted sequencing data using our in-house algorithm and potentially targetable amplifications were detected. Assessment of mutations and copy number alterations in plasma cfDNA may provide a prognostic and diagnostic tool to assist decisions regarding optimal therapeutic strategies for PDAC patients.
Consistency of T2WI-FS/ASL fusion images in delineating the volume of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Meng , Yu Xiaoduo , Ouyang Han , Luo Dehong , Zhou Chunwu
Published: December 2015

Tumor extent assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is critical for delineating the radiotherapeutic target region. We aimed to investigate the use of the fusion images of fat suppressed T2WI (T2WI-FS) with arterial spin labeling (ASL) in measuring the volume of NPC. Two observers measured the volume of 21 untreated NPC using T2WI-FS, T2WI-FS/ASL (with PLD = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 s) fusion images and enhanced T1WI separately. Correlation and consistency were used to compare 1) measurements using T2WI-FS/ASL and T2WI-FS alone, taking enhanced T1WI images as a benchmark; 2) measurements between observers. Significant correlations existed between different series (r: 0.896~0.973). Measurements from the two observers using T2WI-FS/ASL had relatively higher intra-class correlation (ICC) (0.980~0.997) and lower within-subject coefficients of variation (wsCV) (14.76%~22.96%) when compared to using T2WI-FS alone (ICC: 0.978, 0.951, wsCV: 21.61%, 24.21%), while the T2WI-FS/ASL 1.0 s exhibited the best performance. Remarkably high ICC value (0.981~0.996) and relatively low wsCV (9.95%~17.91%) were obtained for the two observers using same series. Compared to those obtained using T2WI-FS alone, measurements made using T2WI-FS/ASL were more consistent with those made using enhanced T1WI. The T2WI-FS/ASL fusion images has the potential to be an alternative to enhanced T1WI, when contrast administration can not be performed.
Reverse Engineering Applied to Red Human Hair Pheomelanin Reveals Redox-Buffering as a Pro-Oxidant Mechanism
Authors: Kim Eunkyoung , Panzella Lucia , Micillo Raffaella , Bentley William E. , Napolitano Alessandra , Payne Gregory F.
Published: December 2015

Pheomelanin has been implicated in the increased susceptibility to UV-induced melanoma for people with light skin and red hair. Recent studies identified a UV-independent pathway to melanoma carcinogenesis and implicated pheomelanin’s pro-oxidant properties that act through the generation of reactive oxygen species and/or the depletion of cellular antioxidants. Here, we applied an electrochemically-based reverse engineering methodology to compare the redox properties of human hair pheomelanin with model synthetic pigments and natural eumelanin. This methodology exposes the insoluble melanin samples to complex potential (voltage) inputs and measures output response characteristics to assess redox activities. The results demonstrate that both eumelanin and pheomelanin are redox-active, they can rapidly (sec-min) and repeatedly redox-cycle between oxidized and reduced states and pheomelanin possesses a more oxidative redox potential. This study suggests that pheomelanin’s redox-based pro-oxidant activity may contribute to sustaining a chronic oxidative stress condition through a redox-buffering mechanism.
Spectroscopic approaches to resolving ambiguities of hyper-polarized NMR signals from different reaction cascades
Authors: Jensen Pernille Rose , Meier Sebastian
Published: December 2015

Ambiguities in identifying transient intracellular reaction intermediates are resolved by site-specific isotope labelling, optimised referencing and response to external perturbations.
The nature of chemical bonding in actinide and lanthanide ferrocyanides determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory
Authors: Dumas Thomas , Guillaumont Dominique , Fillaux Clara , Scheinost Andreas , Moisy Philippe , Petit Sébastien , Shuh David K. , Tyliszczak Tolek , Auwer Christophe Den
Published: December 2015

Multi-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to probe orbital mixing in actinide and lanthanide Prussian blue analogs.
How simple are the models of Na intercalation in aqueous media?
Authors: Yun Jeongsik , Pfisterer Jonas , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: December 2015

This work reveals a three-stage mechanism of Na intercalation into one of the state-of-the-art battery electrode materials operating in aqueous electrolytes.
Mie scatter corrections in single cell infrared microspectroscopy
Authors: Konevskikh Tatiana , Lukacs Rozalia , Blümel Reinhold , Ponossov Arkadi , Kohler Achim
Published: December 2015

Strong Mie scattering signatures hamper the chemical interpretation and multivariate analysis of the infrared microscopy spectra of single cells and tissues. During recent years, several numerical Mie scatter correction algorithms for the infrared spectroscopy of single cells have been published. In the paper at hand, we critically reviewed existing algorithms for the correction of Mie scattering and suggest improvements. We developed an iterative algorithm based on Extended Multiplicative Scatter Correction (EMSC), for the retrieval of pure absorbance spectra from highly distorted infrared spectra of single cells. The new algorithm uses the van de Hulst approximation formula for the extinction efficiency employing a complex refractive index. The iterative algorithm involves the establishment of an EMSC meta-model. While existing iterative algorithms for the correction of resonant Mie scattering employ three independent parameters for establishing a meta-model, we could decrease the number of parameters from three to two independent parameters, which reduced the calculation time for the Mie scattering curves for the iterative EMSC meta-model by a factor of 10. Moreover, by employing the Hilbert transform for evaluating the Kramers–Kronig relations based on a FFT algorithm in Matlab, we further improved the speed of the algorithm by a factor of 100. For testing the algorithm we simulate distorted apparent absorbance spectra by utilizing the exact theory for the scattering of infrared light at absorbing spheres, taking into account the high numerical aperture of infrared microscopes employed for the analysis of single cells and tissues. In addition, the algorithm was applied to measured absorbance spectra of single lung cancer cells.
Fabrication of innovative ZnO nanoflowers showing drastic biological activity
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Mohammad Akbar , Mishra Veenu , Chaudhary Archana , Kapoor Kshipra , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: December 2015

The present article highlights a facile approach towards the synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers using designed single molecular precursors (1and2) at room temperature. The relative biological activities of1,2andZnOnanoflowers have also been demonstrated.
Synthesis of (Ag,F)-modified anatase TiO2 nanosheets and their enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Luo Yidan , Yu Shuohan , Li Bin , Dong Lihui , Wang Fan , Fan Minguang , Zhang Feiyue
Published: December 2015

The strong interactions between Ag nanoparticles and TiO2 nanosheets can improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanosheets.
Hierarchical growth of ZnFe2O4 for sensing applications
Authors: Sahoo Ramkrishna , Santra Sumita , Ray Chaiti , Pal Anjali , Negishi Yuichi , Ray Samit Kumar , Pal Tarasankar
Published: December 2015

Selective sensing of toxic heavy metals Hg(ii) and environmentally hazardous acetone vapour using mesoporous ZnFe2O4 NFs, synthesized from our laboratory developed modified hydrothermal technique.
A non-enzymatic sensor based on Au@Ag nanoparticles with good stability for sensitive detection of H2O2
Authors: Li Zhi , Zheng Xiaohui , Zheng Jianbin
Published: December 2015

Synthesis of Au@Ag NPs by a seed-mediated growth procedure and fabrication of a non-enzymatic H2O2 sensor.
Nano-MoO3-mediated synthesis of bioactive thiazolidin-4-ones acting as anti-bacterial agents and their mode-of-action analysis using in silico target prediction, docking and similarity searching
Authors: Kumar Keerthy Hosadurga , Paricharak Shardul , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Bharathkumar Hanumantharayappa , Nagabhushana G. P. , Rajashekar Dinesh Koragere , Chandrappa Gujjarahalli Thimmanna , Bender Andreas , Basappa Basappa , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal Subbegowda
Published: December 2015

Thiazolidin-4-ones inhibit bacterial growth by potentially targeting the FtsK motor domain of DNA translocase ofSalmonella typhi.
Solution process for fabricating CuIn0.9R0.1(S,Se)2 (R = Al, Ni, Co)/CdS p–n junctions and their applications in solar cells
Authors: Cui Yong , Zhang Zhe , Du Xu , Liu Wei , Deng Yulin , Liu Shi , Wang Gang
Published: December 2015

CuIn0.9R0.1(S,Se)2 (R = Al, Ni, Co) thin films were obtained by the homogeneous precursor solutions and selenization processes.
Topological analysis of non-granular, disordered porous media: determination of pore connectivity, pore coordination, and geometric tortuosity in physically reconstructed silica monoliths
Authors: Hormann Kristof , Baranau Vasili , Hlushkou Dzmitry , Höltzel Alexandra , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: December 2015

Different approaches are applied and compared, which are universally applicable to quantify pore coordination, pore and pore-throat connectivity, and geometric tortuosity.
Self-supported nanoporous NiCo2O4nanowires with cobalt–nickel layered oxide nanosheets for overall water splitting
Authors: Yin Jie , Zhou Panpan , An Li , Huang Liang , Shao Changwei , Wang Jun , Liu Hongyan , Xi Pinxian
Published: December 2015

We employed an efficient route for the synthesis of self-supported nanoporous NiCo2O4nanowires with cobalt–nickel layered oxide nanosheets (CFP/NiCo2O4/Co0.57Ni0.43LMOs) which can be used as bifunctional catalysts in both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Iron-based metal–organic framework, Fe(BTC): an effective dual-functional catalyst for oxidative cyclization of bisnaphthols and tandem synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones
Authors: Oveisi Ali Reza , Khorramabadi-zad Ahmad , Daliran Saba
Published: December 2015

Fe(BTC) catalyzed synthesis of spirodienones and quinazolin-4(3H)-ones.
Triboelectric generator composed of bulk poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyethylene polymers for mechanical energy conversion
Authors: Sarkar Piyush Kanti , Maji Subrata , Kumar Gundam Sandeep , Chandra Sahoo Krushna , Mandal Dipankar , Acharya Somobrata
Published: December 2015

Triboelectric generator composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyethylene shows an output voltage of ∼20 V lighting at least 12 LEDs.
Effects of structural, optical and ferromagnetic states on the photocatalytic activities of Sn–TiO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram , Thirumurugan Subramani , Rajkumar Kanniah , Zhu Kaixin , Wang Yanjie , Anbalagan Krishnamoorthy , Wang Junhu
Published: December 2015

Ferromagnetic Sn–TiO2 nanocrystals were newly developed, and their photocatalytic activity showed structural, luminescent and magnetic dependences.
Endothelial cell tolerance to lipopolysaccharide challenge is induced by monophosphoryl lipid A
Authors: Stark Ryan J. , Choi Hyehun , Koch Stephen R. , Fensterheim Benjamin A. , Lamb Fred S. , Sherwood Edward R.
Published: December 2015

Prior exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a reduced or “tolerant” inflammatory response to subsequent challenges with LPS, however the potent pro-inflammatory effects of LPS limit its clinical benefit. The adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a weak toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that induces negligible inflammation but retains potent immunomodulatory properties. We postulated that pre-treatment with MPLA would inhibit the inflammatory response of endothelial cells to secondary LPS challenge. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were exposed to MPLA (10 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) or vehicle control. HUVECs were then washed and maintained in culture for 24 h before being challenged with LPS (100 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected and examined for cytokine production in the presence or absence of siRNA inhibitors of critical TLR4 signalling proteins. Pre-treatment with MPLA attenuated interleukin (IL)-6 production to secondary LPS challenge to a similar degree as LPS. The application of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) siRNA dramatically reduced MPLA-induced tolerance while TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) siRNA had no effect. The tolerant phenotype in endothelial cells was associated with reduced IκB kinase (IKK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced IL-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) expression for LPS-primed HUVECs, but less so in MPLA primed cells. Instead, MPLA-primed HUVECs demonstrated enhanced p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In contrast with leucocytes in which tolerance is largely TRIF-dependent, MyD88 signalling mediated endotoxin tolerance in endothelial cells. Most importantly, MPLA, a vaccine adjuvant with a wide therapeutic window, induced tolerance to LPS in endothelial cells.
Arbitrage strategy of virtual power plants in energy, spinning reserve and reactive power markets
Authors: Nezamabadi Hossein , Setayesh Nazar Mehrdad
Published: December 2015

Virtual power plant (VPP) concept was developed to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) into the grid in order that they are seen as a single power plant by the market and power system operator. Therefore, VPPs are faced with optimal bidding, and identifying arbitrage opportunities in a market environment. In this study, the authors present an arbitrage strategy for VPPs by participating in energy and ancillary service (i.e. spinning reserve and reactive power services) markets. On the basis of a security‐constrained price‐based unit commitment, their proposed model maximises VPP's profit (revenue minus costs) considering arbitrage opportunities. The supply–demand balancing, transmission network topology and security constraints are considered to ensure reliable operation of VPP. The mathematical model is a mixed‐integer non‐linear optimisation problem with inter‐temporal constraints, and solved by mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. The result is a single optimal bidding profile and a schedule for managing active and reactive power under participating in the markets. These profile and schedule consider the DERs and network constraints simultaneously, and explore arbitrage opportunities of VPP. Results pertaining to an illustrative example and a case study are discussed.
Local storage meets local demand: a technical solution to future power distribution system
Authors: Zhou Bowen , Littler Tim
Published: December 2015

Future power systems are expected to integrate large‐scale stochastic and intermittent generation and load due to reduced use of fossil fuel resources, including renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EV). Inclusion of such resources poses challenges for the dynamic stability of synchronous transmission and distribution networks, not least in terms of generation where system inertia may not be wholly governed by large‐scale generation but displaced by small‐scale and localised generation. Energy storage systems (ESS) can limit the impact of dispersed and distributed generation by offering supporting reserve while accommodating large‐scale EV connection; the latter (load) also participating in storage provision. In this study, a local energy storage system (LESS) is proposed. The structure, requirement and optimal sizing of the LESS are discussed. Three operating modes are detailed, including: (i) storage pack management; (ii) normal operation; and (iii) contingency operation. The proposed LESS scheme is evaluated using simulation studies based on data obtained from the Northern Ireland regional and residential network.
Performance analysis of dedicated short range communications technology and overview of the practicability for developing countries
Authors: Bassoo Vandana , Sookarah Doorgesh
Published: December 2015

Vehicular communication is a widely researched field and aims at developing technologies that may complement systems such as the advanced driver assistance systems. It is therefore important to analyse and infer on the performance of vehicular technologies for different driving and on‐road criteria. This study considers the dedicated short range communications technology and more precisely the IEEE 802.11p standard for a performance and practicability analysis. There is also the proposal of a new classification scheme for typical driving conditions, which includes the main categories of Emergency and Safety scenarios while sub‐classifications of Critical and Preventive Safety also exist. The scheme is used to build up scenarios as well as related equations relevant to developing countries for practical network simulation. The results obtained indicate that the relative speed of nodes is a determining factor in the overall performance and effectiveness of wireless vehicular communication systems. Moreover, delay values of low order were observed while an effective communication range of about 800 m was calculated for highway scenarios. The research thus indicates suitability of the system for an active use in collision avoidance even though independent factors such as climatic conditions and driver behaviour may affect its effectiveness in critical situations.
Relief of Cervicogenic Headaches after Single-Level and Multilevel Anterior Cervical Diskectomy: A 5-Year Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Liu Jonathan J. , Cadena Gilbert , Panchal Ripul R. , Schrot Rudolph J. , Kim Kee D.
Published: December 2015

Study Design

Prospective study.

Objective

Because single-level disk arthroplasty or arthrodesis in the lower subaxial spine improves headaches after surgery, we studied whether this effect may be better appreciated after two-level arthroplasty.

Methods

We performed an independent post hoc analysis of two concurrent prospective randomized investigational device exemption trials for cervical spondylosis, one for single-level treatment and the other for two adjacent-level treatments.

Results

For the one-level study, baseline mean headache scores significantly improved at 60 months for both the cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) groups ( p < 0.0001). However, mean improvement in headache scores was not statistically different between the investigational and control groups from 6 months through 60 months. For the two-level study, baseline mean headache scores significantly improved at 60 months for both the CDA and ACDF groups ( p < 0.0001). The CDA group demonstrated greater improvement from baseline at all points; this difference was statistically significant at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months but not at 18 and 60 months.

Conclusion

Both CDA and ACDF at either one or two levels are associated with sustained headache relief from baseline. Patients undergoing two-level arthroplasty had significantly greater improvement in headache at all points except for at 18 and 60 months. This difference in improvement was not observed in patients undergoing single-level arthroplasty. The mechanism of greater headache relief after two-level arthroplasty remains unclear.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of the properties of cerium in liquid sodium at 1000 K temperature
Authors: Samin Adib , Li Xiang , Zhang Jinsuo , Mariani R. D. , Unal Cetin
Published: December 2015

For liquid-sodium-cooled fast nuclear reactor systems, it is crucial to understand the behavior of lanthanides and other potential fission products in liquid sodium or other liquid metal solutions such as liquid cesium-sodium. In this study, we focus on lanthanide behavior in liquid sodium. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we found that the solubility of cerium in liquid sodium at 1000 K was less than 0.78 at. %, and the diffusion coefficient of cerium in liquid sodium was calculated to be 5.57 × 10−9 m2/s. Furthermore, it was found that cerium in small amounts may significantly alter the heat capacity of the liquid sodium system. Our results are consistent with the experimental results for similar materials under similar conditions.
Spin-pump-induced spin transport in a thermally evaporated pentacene film
Authors: Tani Yasuo , Teki Yoshio , Shikoh Eiji
Published: December 2015

We report the spin-pump-induced spin transport properties of a pentacene film prepared by thermal evaporation. In a palladium(Pd)/pentacene/Ni80Fe20 tri-layer sample, a pure spin-current is generated in the pentacene layer by the spin-pumping of Ni80Fe20, which is independent of the conductance mismatch problem in spin injection. The spin current is absorbed into the Pd layer, converted into a charge current with the inverse spin-Hall effect in Pd, and detected as an electromotive force. This is clear evidence for the pure spin current at room temperature in pentacene films prepared by thermal evaporation.
Kumbicins A–D: Bis-Indolyl Benzenoids and Benzoquinones from an Australian Soil Fungus, Aspergillus kumbius
Authors: Lacey Heather J. , Vuong Daniel , Pitt John I. , Lacey Ernest , Piggott Andrew M.
Published: December 2015

A soil survey conducted in southern Queensland, Australia, identified a novel isolate belonging to the genus Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Circumdati, Aspergillus kumbius FRR6049. Cultivation and fractionation of secondary metabolites from A. kumbius revealed a unique chemotype comprising three new bis-indolyl benzenoids, kumbicins A–C, and a new bis-indolyl benzoquinone, kumbicin D, along with the previously reported compounds asterriquinol D dimethyl ether, petromurins C and D, aspochracin, its N-demethyl analogue JBIR-15, and neohydroxyaspergillic acid. The structures of kumbicins A–D were assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Kumbicin C was found to inhibit the growth of mouse myeloma cells (IC50 0.74 μg mL–1) and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.6 μg mL–1).
Application of Otolith Chemical Signatures to Estimate Population Connectivity of Red Snapper in the Western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Sluis Michelle Zapp , Barnett Beverly K. , Patterson William F. , Cowan James H. , Shiller Alan M.
Published: December 2015

Otolith chemical signatures of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus from six nursery regions were used to estimate the sources of recruits to four sampling regions in the western Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and to estimate whether postsettlement mixing of Red Snapper occurs between the U.S. and Mexican portions of the western Gulf. In a previous study, region-specific otolith signatures (element : Ca ratios: Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Li:Ca; stable isotope delta values: δ13C and δ18O) were developed based on age-0 Red Snapper (2005–2007 year-classes) sampled from the six nursery areas. In the present study, subadult and adult Red Snapper (ages 1–3) belonging to those same year-classes were collected from four sampling regions within the western Gulf (two regions in U.S. waters; two regions along the Mexican continental shelf) during summer in 2006–2008. Left sagittal otoliths were used to age subadults and adults to the corresponding nursery year-classes, and right sagittal otoliths were cored for chemical analysis. Off the southwestern U.S. coast, the sampled age-1–3 Red Snapper included locally derived recruits as well as recruits from the northwestern Gulf nursery region. However, analytical results were inconclusive with respect to estimating the connectivity between Red Snapper populations in U.S. and Mexican waters of the western Gulf.

Received May 4, 2015; accepted August 25, 2015
Genetic diversity and population structure ofArabidopsis thalianaalong an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Tyagi Antariksh , Singh Shivani , Mishra Parneeta , Singh Akanksha , Tripathi Abhinandan Mani , Jena Satya Narayan , Roy Sribash
Published: December 2015

The natural genetic variation within a plant species is primarily a consequence of its phylogeography and evolutionary history. This variation largely determines its present-day population structure. Arabidopsis thaliana , as a model plant, has been studied in great detail including its probable origin, local as well as global genetic diversity pattern, population structure, adaptation, etc. However, no such studies have so far been reported from the Indian Himalayan region. Here, we describe a comprehensive study on the genetic diversity and population structure of A. thaliana from an altitudinal range of 700–3400 m above mean sea level the highest altitudinal range reported so far. We also compare these populations with previously reported worldwide populations. A total of 48 accessions representing six populations were analysed using 19 microsatellites and 11 chloroplast markers. Genetic diversity analysis indicated populations to be highly diverse and comparable with worldwide populations. STRUCTURE, principal coordinate and isolation by distance (IBD) analyses showed that genetic variation in different populations is structured at geographical and altitudinal level. Further analyses indicate that these populations are genetically distinct from the rest of the world populations. Different parameters of the demographic expansion model support a rapid expansion. Based on mismatch distribution, the initial time of expansion of west Himalayan populations was found to be about 130 000 years. Bayesian analysis of divergence time indicated that these populations have a long evolutionary history in this region. Based on the results of genetic diversity parameters, demographic expansion and divergence time estimation, it appears that west Himalayan populations may be the source of the west–east expansion model.
Starbursting brightest cluster galaxy: a Herschel view of the massive cluster MACS J1931.8−2634
Authors: Santos J. S. , Balestra I. , Tozzi P. , Altieri B. , Valtchanov I. , Mercurio A. , Nonino M. , Yu Heng , Rosati P. , Grillo C. , Medezinski E. , Biviano A.
Published: December 2015

We investigate the dust-obscured star formation (SF) properties of the massive, X-ray-selected galaxy cluster MACS J1931.8−2634 at z = 0.352. Using far-infrared (FIR) imaging in the range 100–500 μm obtained with the Herschel telescope, we extract 31 sources (2σ) within r ∼ 1 Mpc from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). Among these sources, we identify six cluster members for which we perform an analysis of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We measure total infrared luminosity (LIR), star formation rate (SFR) and dust temperature. The BCG, with LIR = 1.4 × 1012 L⊙ is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy and hosts a type-II active galactic nuclei (AGN). We decompose its FIR SED into AGN and starburst components and find equal contributions from AGN and starburst. We also recompute the SFR of the BCG finding SFR = 150 ± 15 M⊙ yr−1. We search for an isobaric cooling flow in the cool core using Chandra X-ray data, and find no evidence for gas colder than 1.8 keV in the inner 30 kpc, for an upper limit to the instantaneous mass-deposition rate of 58 M⊙ yr−1 at 95 per cent c.l. This value is 3× lower than the SFR in the BCG, suggesting that the on-going SF episode lasts longer than the intracluster medium cooling events.
End-Stage Liver Disease Is a Strong Predictor of Early Mortality in Cryptococcosis
Authors: Spec Andrej , Raval Krunal , Powderly William G.
Published: December 2015

Background.  Cryptococcosis in the setting of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) has been associated with high mortality. We sought to compare the outcome of cryptococcal disease in patients with ESLD to that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to those patients without HIV or ESLD.

Methods.  We assembled a retrospective cohort of 232 consecutive cases of cryptococcosis in our institution, from 2002 to 2014, inclusively. We analyzed the cases for comorbidities, type of infection, and survival. Data were analyzed with t tests, Fishers Exact test, and Kaplan-Meyer analysis.

Results.  Twenty-five (10.8%) patients with cryptococcal infection had concomitant ESLD; of these, 5 (20%) presented with peritonitis. Most (17 of 25, 68%) did not have any other cause of immunocompromise that has been more classically associated with cryptococcosis. Patients with ESLD had a significantly higher mortality than HIV-positive patients and HIV-negative patients without ESLD (HIVNE) (80% vs 13.6% and 22.7%, respectively; P < .001). In addition, fatal outcome in ESLD patients occurred more rapidly than in HIVNE patients, with a median survival of 6 days (vs 17), despite a comparable time to diagnosis (6.2 vs 6.6 days).

Conclusions.  Cryptococcosis is an important morbidity in patients with ESLD. Patients with ESLD who are infected with Cryptococcus have a high and rapid mortality. This suggests that a high level of vigilance for cryptococcal infection should be kept in patients with ESLD.
Cervical Spine Movement and Ease of Intubation Using Truview or McCoy Laryngoscope in Difficult Intubation
Authors: Bharadwaj Ashuma , Khurana Gurjeet , Jindal Parul
Published: December 2015

Study Design.

Prospective, observational, analytical, randomized control trial.

Objective.

To compare cervical spine movement for best laryngoscopic view and ease of intubation using Truview or McCoy laryngoscope in anticipated difficult intubation.

Summary of Background data.

The addition of modified laryngoscope blade to the anesthesiologist's armamentarium adds flexibility and improves the skill of the anesthetist, which benefits the patients.

Methods.

One hundred patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists status I and II with predicted difficult intubation score ≥5 were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 50): intubation done with McCoy laryngoscope and Group B (n = 50): intubation done with Truview laryngoscope and compared for the ease of intubation using intubation difficulty scale (IDS), cervical spine movement, and hemodynamic alterations.

Results.

The total IDS determining the ease of tracheal intubation was better in Group B than Group A. On comparing the variables of IDS score, there was no difference between the two groups except 14 (28%) patients in Group A required application of external laryngeal pressure, whereas only five (10%) patients had this difficulty in Group B. It was seen that craniocervical extension was significantly less (2.5 times) in Group B as compared to Group A.

Conclusion.

In anticipated difficult intubation, Truview improves the laryngeal view, causes less movement at cervical spine, which could be more helpful in patients with restricted neck mobility, and has lesser complications.

Level of Evidence: 2
Novel Use of Preoperative Epidermal Coloring of Very Small Dermatological Specimens—Protocol for Reduction of Lost Specimens
Authors: Surprenant David , Garib George , Hutchens Kelli , Dreifke Michael , Speiser Jodi , Winterfield Laura , Peterson Anthony , Krol Cindy , Adams William , Tung Rebecca
Published: December 2015

Small tissue biopsies are often difficult to visualize and can be easily lost or mishandled. The authors hypothesized that full epidermal surface coloration of small skin lesions with a sterile skin marker (gentian violet ink) before performing shave biopsy would make small gross specimens easier to identify without impacting microscopic appearance. Live evaluation of 4 inked and 4 noninked gross (2–3 mm) specimens in covered and uncovered formalin-containing jars by 50 consecutive health care personnel demonstrated that inked specimens were significantly (P < 0.001) easier to visualize than noninked specimens. Additionally, a blinded dermatopathologist evaluated 25 inked and 25 noninked specimens microscopically. Utilization of this inking process did not interfere with histopathologic assessment or impede diagnosis. This pilot study describes an easily implementable quality improvement measure that may decrease the rate of loss and mishandling of specimens.
Prognostic Implication of Lymphovascular Invasion Detected by Double Immunostaining for D2-40 and MITF1 in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Feldmeyer Laurence , Tetzlaff Michael , Fox Patricia , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan , Ivan Doina , Torres Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: December 2015

Background:

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is associated with adverse outcomes in primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM). Detection of LVI by hematoxylin and eosin staining alone is 0%–6%, but targeting lymphovascular structures increases the detection rate.

Objective:

To examine the prognostic significance of LVI detected by immunostaining for D2-40 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor 1 (MITF1) in PCM.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively analyzed 120 PCM samples. We compared the LVI detection rates of immunostaining for D2-40 only (22%), double staining for D2-40 and MITF1 (38%), and hematoxylin and eosin, and examined the association of LVI with clinicopathologic variables and clinical outcomes.

Results:

Immunolabeling with both methods significantly increased the LVI detection rate. Double staining for D2-40 and MITF1 as well as D2-40–detected LVI was significantly associated with increased Breslow thickness, number of mitoses, and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis. D2-40–detected LVI was also associated with ulceration. Although the difference was not significant, double staining for D2-40 and MITF1 allowed for easier detection of LVI than D2-40 alone.

Limitations:

This study was conducted in a tertiary referral institution; therefore, a referral bias cannot be excluded.

Conclusions:

Immunolabeling increased detection of LVI in PCM. Because LVI is a positive predictive marker for SLN metastasis, the authors propose using anti-D2-40 and anti-MITF1 in the evaluation of LVI in patients with PCM with a certain risk of SLN metastasis.