bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation of a Circulating microRNA Signature of Melanoma to a Novel Solid-Tissue Biomarker to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Reproducibility.
Authors: Laar Ryan Van , King Samuel , McCoy Richard , Saad Mirette , Fereday Sian , Winship Ingrid , Uzzell Catherine , Landgren Anthony
Published: December 2020

Background

Successful treatment of cutaneous melanoma depends on early and accurate diagnosis of clinically suspicious melanocytic skin lesions. Currently, histopathology examination of excised skin lesions is considered the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of melanoma. Multiple studies have shown the low accuracy and reproducibility of this method, underscoring the urgent need for new diagnostic tools, including disease-specific biomarkers. Previously, a 38-microRNA signature of melanoma (‘Mel38’) was previously identified in plasma and validated as novel circulating biomarker. In this study, Mel38 expression in solid biopsy tissue is examined to determine its ability to contribute to accurate and reproducible melanoma diagnoses.
Methods

Nanostring digital gene expression profiling was used to apply the Mel38 signature in a cohort of 308 formalin fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies (‘Mel38’). Genomic data were interrogated using hierarchical clustering, univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Mel38 classification scores (range 0 to 10) were compared to consensus histopathology results, including MPATH-DX class, AJCC disease stage, histological subtype as well as technical assay factors.
Results

The Mel38 score can identify high-risk melanomas (MPATH-Dx Class IV) from less-malignant forms of the disease with an area-under-the curve of 0.96 (P < 0.001). The genomic score ranges from 0 to 10 and is positively correlated with the melanoma progression, from benign naevi to metastatic disease (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.85). Using a score threshold of > 2.3 identifies higher-risk melanomas, associated with poorer outcomes and more intensive suggested clinical actions. Multivariate analysis showed the score to be a significant predictor of malignancy, independent of technical and clinical covariates. Analysis of the Mel38 signature in spitz naevi reveal an intra-subtype profile, in common to both benign and malignant conditions.
Conclusion

Melanoma-specific circulating microRNAs maintain their association with malignancy when measured in the hypothesized tissue of origin. The Mel38 signature is an accurate and reproducible metric of melanoma status, based on changes in microRNA expression that occur as the disease develops and spreads. Inclusion of the Mel38 score into routine practice would give physicians a genomic assessment of a patient’s disease status. Combining molecular biomarker data with conventional histopathology data may improve diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and patient outcomes.
The Organization of Distance Teaching a Foreign Language on the Training Online Platform OpenMeetings at a Technical University
Authors:   Transbaikal Railway Transport Institute – a branch of the “Irkutsk State Transport University”, Larisa I. Sereda
Published: December 2020

In this article the author pays attention to major aspects related to the transition from the traditional form of education to distance teaching in a pandemic, with the organization of distance teaching a foreign language for students at a technical university, with the development and application of language and speech tasks that are the most suitable for conducting distance teaching in a foreign language. The paper analyzes the problems of teaching a foreign language at a technical university, which consist of a small quantity of hours for learning a foreign language and a low motivation of students to learn foreign languages at a technical University; it considers the organization of distance teaching a foreign language at a technical university in a pandemic, presents the possibilities of using the training online platform Open Meetings for organizing distance teaching a foreign language. The article’s author has developed language and speech tasks which can promote to achievement of a general aim of learning a foreign language at a technical University – attainment of the communicative competence by students and its level will allow them to use a foreign language largely in various spheres of life-activity. The study used the methods of didactic, linguistic and discourse analysis, a descriptive method with methods of observation and generalization, the method of oral questioning. As a result of the study it was found that thanks to the use of language and speech tasks on the training online platform it is possible to organize an effective process of teaching a foreign language at a technical university
Project, Research and Project-Research Activities: Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Margarita I Vasilieva
Published: December 2020

In the practice of teaching school subjects, there is a positive experience of using project and research activities of schoolchildren, but when they are implemented, there is a mix of activities. The relevance of the research is due to the practical need to distinguish project-research activity as a special type of cognitive activity. The issue of convergence of project and research within the same cognitive activity is discussed, which creates the need to allocate a special type of independent cognitive activity of schoolchildren – project-research activity. Theoretical analysis of scientific-methodical literature allows us to generalize the signs, bringing project and research activities: a) independence of students as a condition of activities; b) the requirement of affordability and adaptability of the methods used; c) obtaining a subjectively meaningful and new results; d) the possibility of important personal qualities and teaching skills development; e) community of some stages: detection of relevant problems, determining goals and objectives, design and presentation of results. The author compares project, research and project-research activities based on the following characteristics: predictability of the work result, stages, goal, novelty of the result, performance criteria, implementation – and comes to the conclusion that project-research activity is a special type of educational activity with its inherent differentiating characteristics.
A Numerical Study of the Propagation of a Shock Wave of Extremely Low Intensity from a Pure Gas into an Electrically Charged Dusty Medium
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Svetlana E. Starostina , Alena D. Fedotova ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: December 2020

In the context of the transition to a digital economy and the use of information technologies in all spheres of human activity, the problem of training a teacher capable of carrying out professional activities in these conditions becomes urgent. The article shows the importance of mathematics and mathematical education not only for the development of the digital economy and the level of mathematical literacy of the population, but also for the advanced professional training of future mathematics teachers in the field of ICT competence. The authors substantiate the possibility in the formation of the future teacher’s ICT competence within the framework of mathematical education, on the one hand, by the universality of mathematics, which allows transforming a huge amount of information, on the other hand, by referring mathematics and computer science to one subject area of knowledge, which makes it possible to determine generalized educational results in a given subject area. The analysis of the problems of the development of mathematics education allowed the authors to state that in order to increase the competitiveness of a future mathematics teacher in the labor market, he must have not only a high level of subject training, but also possess information educational resources in mathematics, be able to work on information and educational portals, be ready for work in a high-tech digital educational environment. The authors, presenting their own experience, highlight the main directions of using ICT tools in the educational process in mathematics. Particular attention in the article is paid to blended learning, which, based on ICT, changes the role of both the teacher and the student.
Features of Digital Educational Content in the Organization of Distance Learning in Vocational Education
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Svetlana I. Desnenko , Tatyana E. Pakhomova ,   Chita pedagogical college
Published: December 2020

In the article, based on the analysis of studies devoted to the implementation of distance learning in vocational education against the background of the fight against the pandemic and the self-isolation regime, the authors of the study highlight the main problems of the implementation of distance learning, which both the organizers of this type of education and teachers and students faced. The authors, based on the practice of implementing distance learning, indicate its advantages and disadvantages. The importance of the problem of the formation of ICT competence of teachers for the high-quality organization of distance learning, including in terms of the formation of digital educational content, is substantiated. The article presents an overview of various digital tools and web services tested by the authors that can be used to create digital content in the organization of distance learning, many of which are freely distributed and in demand among educational organizations, including professional education. The experience of the implementation of distance learning at GAPOU “Chita Pedagogical College” is described, where proven digital tools were used in the new conditions. The results of the implementation of distance learning at the Trans-Baikal State University and the Chita Pedagogical College are analyzed; both the positive aspects of this process and the problems that require further reflection and decision-making are identified.
Organization of Teaching New Languages in Real Schools (Based on Materials of Pre-Soviet Period Editions)
Authors:   r of Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Institute Education Development, Transbaikal Region, Olga Yu. Levchenko
Published: December 2020

The study of the history of domestic foreign language education continues to remain relevant, since some aspects of this problem have not received their comprehensive description. In this regard, the activity of real schools is of undoubted interest, the understanding of the experience of which has practical importance in the context of improving the quality of teaching foreign languages, developing subject concepts and further improving the mathematical and natural science training of students. The issues of real education, which were the subject of special attention of state and public figures, representatives of the pedagogical community and entrepreneurship, received wide coverage in publications published in the pre-Soviet period. The theoretical analysis of historical and pedagogical editions demonstrates a certain specificity of teaching foreign languages in real schools. The study of ancient languages was the prerogative of classical gymnasiums, while in real schools the emphasis was on the learning of new languages. The training course was aimed at acquiring skills in various types of speech activity and provided for the achievement of not only developing and educational, but also practical goals. The program set tasks for each stage of training and contained recommendations on the organization of educational activities. Much attention was paid to reading. Awareness of the importance of foreign language education contributed to the search for the most effective forms of educational activity on the lesson.
Amelioration of Olanzapine-Induced Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Mice with Methanol Extract of Steamed Brassica Oleracea (Cabbage) Leaves
Authors: Akther Noor Farjana , Chakraborty Songjukta , Wiart Christophe , Rahmatullah Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug and has been reported to induce impaired glucose
tolerance leading to high blood glucose levels. In oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT),
methanolic extract of steamed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) (MEBO)
leaves have been shown to reduce elevated blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. It was thus of interest to determine whether MEBO leaves can ameliorate olanzapineinduced impaired glucose tolerance in mice, which have been administered olanzapine for 28 days. Impaired glucose tolerance was measured through OGTT in mice. Olanzapine (28 days)-administered mice showed elevated blood glucose in OGTT. MEBO leaves showed significant reduction of blood glucose level in OGTT in mice (compared to vehicle or olanzapine treated mice for 28 days, Groups 2 and 3, respectively) both when administered for 28 days along with olanzapine, as well when administered 60 min prior to glucose loading in OGTT (positive control glibenclamide administered at 10 mg/kg). A single dose of MEBO (400 mg/kg) was used based on previous studies. Thus, MEBO leaves can be beneficial for improving glucose tolerance and reduce blood glucose levels in olanzapine-induced elevated blood glucose levels.
First-Principles Calculations of a New Semi-Conductive Carbon Allotrope Named ABF-Carbon
Authors: Oliveira Felipe , Esteves Pierre
Published: December 2020

Carbon is an extremely versatile element and can generate a plethora of structures with distinct properties. Proposing new possible metastable allotropic structures for carbon has been the subject of increasing interest over the past few years. In this contribution, we present a new carbon allotrope, named ABF-Carbon, based on the connection of spiropentadiene molecular motif and sp3 carbon atoms. This new structure is a metastable carbon allotrope formed by 6 carbon atoms, being 2 sp2 and 4 sp3, in a body-centered tetragonal with space group I4m2 (space group 119) and point group D2d11. By first-principles calculations using the density functional theory (DFT), we predict that this new structure is mechanically and structurally stable and presents thermal stability up to 900 K. The calculations also show that ABF-Carbon presents a direct bandgap of 2.39 eV and higher cohesive energy than other carbon allotropes, such as T-Carbon and Y-Carbon/1-diamondyne.
The effect of self-esteem, attitude towards the body, and eating habit on cognitive reactivity
Authors: Kaloeti Dian Veronika Sakti , Ardhiani Lusi Nur
Published: December 2020

Increased prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles and dietary problems have been reported among the population especially female college students. This research aimed to test the model whether self-esteem, attitude towards body, eating habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI) affects cognitive reactivity in female college students. A total of 140 female university students aged 18-22 years participated in this study. Data analysis used Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). A descriptive analysis using a one-way ANOVA test was performed to see whether there were differences among variables. Results show that self-esteem has a significant effect on body attitude and a negative significant effect on BMI and cognitive reactivity. Body attitude has a significant positive effect on eating habits. In contrast, it has a significant negative effect on BMI. The eating habit has a significant positive effect on cognitive reactivity. BMI has a significant effect on cognitive reactivity. Further, body attitude significantly mediates the relationship between self-esteem and eating habits. Also, body attitude significantly mediated the relationship of self-esteem with BMI. Additionally, the obese group has lower self-esteem and lower body attitude compared to normal and overweight groups.
Progressive view on social justice: Netizen opinions about social justice warrior
Authors: Hartanto Hartanto , Subandi Subandi , Pavlova Olga
Published: December 2020

Social justice warrior (SJW) is a pejorative term for individuals who fight for equality, environment, and gender. Because their progressive morals radically differ from the predominant values, the so-called social justice warriors spark controversies. This study aimed to describe netizens’ opinions about SJW and describe the dynamics of conflict or support in more detail. Text mining and opinion coding were used to elicit research data. The opinions that we gathered were analyzed in 2 stages: sentiment analysis and content analysis. The results of sentiment analysis are negative (445), neutral (86), and positive (90). Content analysis of the negative opinions showed the characteristics of sarcastic, rude, critical, and contemptuous (mocking/disrespecting). The style of positive sentiments (comments congruent with the phenomena) is divided into supportive, empathic, and motivational opinions. Negative opinions are more dominant because of netizens’ self-acceptance, the effects of informal social control in cyberspace, SJW’s presumed social non-compliance, and doubts of objectivity. Positive opinions can be explained by criticism of social contract theory, namely the demand to be more supportive of minority groups, sensitivity, and empathy (the ability to feel other groups' social conditions and environmental conditions).
The mediating effect of self-esteem on emerging adults’ materialism and anxiety
Authors: Rahmadina Astri , Nashori Fuad , Andrianto Sonny
Published: December 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) announced that anxiety disorders are ranked as the sixth-largest contributor to non-fatal health loss globally, and these disorders are most prevalent during a human’s emerging adulthood period. Emerging adulthood is an individual’s life stage that roughly lasts from ages 18 to 25. This study aims to find out the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between materialism and anxiety of emerging adults living in Yogyakarta. For data collection, we used a quota sampling technique which involved 332 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 years. Participants were measured with Richins and Dawson’s Materialistic Value Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. These scales were distributed to the research participants via online questionnaires. A causal step approach was used in mediation regression analysis to test the hypothesis. Research results showed that the hypothesis was accepted: self-esteem partially mediated materialism and anxiety, although the mediation was minimal.
Vibration reduction optimization for mistuned bladed disk based on reduced order modeling technique
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Yuan Huiqun , Sun Hongyun
Published: December 2020

The arrangement optimization algorithm of blades can reduce the vibration localization of mistuned bladed disk in a compressor of aero-engine, however, it will destroy the dynamic balance of bladed disk. A new arrangement optimization method of isolation zone on bladed disk system considering unbalance moment is proposed, on the basis the reduced order modeling technology. This method is based on the finite element model and can be implemented as fast and accurate vibration reduction optimization without destroying the mass balance of the bladed disk system, the method considers both mass and stiffness mistuning. Firstly, the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to sort the mass-mistuned blades according to unbalanced moment, then, the arranged bladed disk is divided into 6 isolation zones, then, in each isolation zone, the stiffness mistuned bladed disk is arranged optimally by the stiffness mistuning optimization algorithm. Under the premise of satisfying the dynamic balance of bladed disk, this algorithm optimizes the arrangement of blades with mass mistuning and stiffness mistuning, and achieves the purpose of vibration reduction optimization of mistuned bladed disk. The results show that, the maximum amplitude of the bladed disk system is reduced by 23.9 %. The vibration localization degree of the optimized blade are reduced by 46.3 %.
Inherent characteristic analysis of a precast concrete vibrating table based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method
Authors: Cai Anjiang , Yang Qiqi
Published: December 2020

To assess a precast concrete vibrating table, a system mechanics model was established by using the transverse vibration theory of thin plates. The model was then simplified as a stiffened plate structure according to the structural characteristics of a vibration platen. Specifically, the vibration mode functions of the vibration platen were established by utilizing a two-dimensional beam function method in which the maximum kinetic energy and maximum strain energy of the vibration platen were derived. Additionally, the Rayleigh-Ritz method based on the displacement variation principle was utilized to analyze the natural frequency and mode shapes of the vibration platen. A comparison between the theoretical calculation results and the finite element simulation results indicated that the established vibration mode functions can appropriately reflect the mechanical behavior of the vibration platen, which verified the correctness of the analysis method for the inherent characteristic of the vibration platen and provided a preliminarily theoretical basis for the performance improvement of a precast concrete vibrating table.
Początki ekologii w Biblii
Authors: Najda Andrzej Jacek
Published: December 2020

The development of ecology in contemporary times leads to the question: what are the beginnings of this branch of science? The Bible proposes the answer to us in the first story of creation. Man receives as his task the dominion over the world (Gen 1,26b) and its subduing (Gen 1,28). Ecology is thus the fulfillment of the creating will of God.
Prawa i godność człowieka we współczesnej bioetyce
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech
Published: December 2020

In contemporary bioethics dominate two trends dealing with two basic ethical solutions. First of them is utilitarianism concerning utility as a criterion of judging between what is right and what is wrong. The second trend applies to human rights and human dignity, which are to be obeyed without any exceptions. Utilitarianism protects the strong and prosperous people in society and excludes those who are weak and not capable of independent life. The concept of human dignity protects each and every human being including the weakest ones. It is therefore characterized by real humanitarianism. In addition, it has one more outstanding virtue; in the contemporary world, it is the most widespread and understandable ethical code. It enables people of different civilizations to communicate with understandable ethical language. In the world constantly undergoing global processes, it is a great value. Although there are a number of discussions concerning the way of understanding human dignity and human rights, their universal and ethical meaning; there are certain international acts of law concerning biomedicine that support the concept of human dignity as the most adequate concept for the contemporary bioethics. As an example, the European Convention on Bioethics can be taken. The article includes the most significant topics concerning understanding, history, and application of law and human dignity in bioethics.
Człowiek i przyroda w nauce chrześcijańskiego Wschodu
Authors: Aptacy Janusz
Published: December 2020

This article speaks of the relation between man and the rest of the created world. This is a subject that is being taken up more and more frequently by ecologists, by philosophers and theologians. Man is in relation to the universe above all because of their common beginning. For everything, human beings included came into being "from nothing" (ex nihilo). Secondly: all of creation, even if to a different degree, is subject to the laws of limitations. Thirdly: all of the universe, which means also a man living in it, is called development and liberation from the burdening of evil, in order to participate in the freedom and glory of the children of God (cfr. R om 8:21). The subject of the relation of man with the rest of the created world was dear to the Fathers of the Church, especially in the East. The heritage of the Eastern Church Fathers has been taken up mainly by Orthodox theologians. But there are also Catholic theologians that take up the subject of the relation between man and the universe. Here one should name above all K. Rahner, H.U. von Balthasar and, among Polish theologians: W. Hryniewicz. Among the contemporary Orthodox theologians that speak of the relation between man and the universe, we find O. Clément. For him, relations with God the Creator and Savior are of importance. Upon these relations depend on other ones: with other people and with the universe. If one does not take this into consideration, one's knowledge of the man himself would be incomplete. Relations between man and the universe can be twofold: man can remain on the outside of the reality which shows itself to his eyes or he can be inserted into this reality, which he shall observe as an organic all-embracing unity. Visible nature, as O. Clément writes, is a book rich in content, which speaks of life on Earth and after death. It is only necessary to know how to make use of this book. Man created in the "image and likeness" of God is marked by divinity and participates in the divine intellect and, by means of his body, is in relation to the material world. He concentrates in himself what is spiritual and what is material. All of the created universe can participate in divine "energies" only through man, who is "priest and caretaker" of the universe. It is the duty of man to read the first revelation (that is the world) and to "realize the ontological glorification of all things". But man, because of original sin, has led to a true cosmic catastrophe, to a darkening of the modality of paradise and to the appearance of a new way of universal existence, marked by sin. The man also ceased to understand the true world, the way God created it and sustains it in His glory. Creation,  just as Rs Creator, does not thrust itself upon man, who sees the universe through the prism of his fall which in such a manner obscures and covers it, that he becomes more and more obdurate to the action of God.
Fałszerstwo z Piltdown a racjonalność nauki K. Poppera i socjologiczny redukcjonizm Szkoły Edynburskiej
Authors: Abdank-Kozubski Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Historically evidenced faulty scientific theories undoubtedly influenced the formation of particular concepts of science. The paleoanthropological case known as a discovery of Piltdown Human illustrates this statement. In this context, the persistent tendency for rescuing questioned hypotheses or theories is a characteristic feature of science. Despite natural expectations, it is just the feature that guarantees the correct development of science. The statement corresponds to the K. R. Popper concept of the rationality of science, as well as to some particular postulates of the Edinburgh School.
Konwencja o ochronie i zrównoważonym rozwoju Karpat
Authors: Kozłowski Stefan
Published: December 2020

The article comprehends the description of coming into being The Convention for the protection and sustainable development of the Carpathian Mountains. It leads the analysis of the essence of this Convention and shows its importance for this part of Europe and for Poland. The article points also at the perspective and the possibility of putting into the execution of Convention resolutions.
Pharmacogenetics of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide: A Step Towards Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management
Authors: Kyriakidou Artemis , Koufakis Theocharis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Vasilopoulos Yiannis , Zebekakis Pantelis , Kotsa Kalliopi
Published: December 2020

Background:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing
prevalence and a significant burden of long-term complications. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists
(GLP-1 RAs) are a novel treatment option for T2DM, exerting optimal effects on glucose control and weight
loss, and pleiotropic actions. Pharmacogenetics, a promising research field of precision medicine, investigates
how gene variations can affect individual response to drug therapy, assuming that the diverse genetic architecture
of patients with T2DM could be partly associated with the considerable inter-individual variability in the
therapeutic response to GLP-1 RAs. This review aims to summarize current evidence related to T2DM risk variants,
affecting the incretin pathway, focus on the pharmacogenetics of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide, and discuss
their potential clinical implications in the management of this complex disorder.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using electronic biomedical databases, and the findings of key
studies are summarized and discussed in this narrative review.

Results:

Available evidence suggests the involvement of genetic polymorphisms in GLP-1 Rgene in variation
in glycemic response, metabolic parameters and gastric emptying in people treated with liraglutide. Polymorphisms
in CNR1, CTRB1/2, TMEM114 and CHST3 loci were also shown to be implicated in the disturbance of
the incretin homeostasis in T2DM. These findings warrant further investigation by future studies.

Conclusion:

Robust findings from pharmacogenetic studies might be used to identify good responders to liraglutide
treatment, in terms of both glycemic and weight control, thus reinforcing the patient-centered approach of
T2DM management.
Lymphatic Drug Transport and Associated Drug Delivery Technologies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Punjabi Manjot S. , Naha Anup , Shetty Disha , Nayak Usha Y.
Published: December 2020

Lymphatic system is the secondary circulation system of the human body after the systemic circulation.
Various problems, including the first-pass metabolism through oral administration of medicines, can be
resolved by lymphatic targeting. Lymphatic absorption has been explored in detail, and studies reveal the improved
bioavailability of medicines. In the case of cancer, AIDS, and various other health problems, lymphatic
targeting has been focused on due to the fact that lymph nodes are involved greatly in tumor metastasis. This
article reviews lymphatic absorption and its exploration in the treatment of various health problems. The physiology
of the lymphatic system, the mechanisms of absorption, and the various formulation systems suitable for
lymphatic absorption have been discussed. Some recent novel approaches like hydrodynamically driven device
(HDD) and carbon nanotubes for lymphatic delivery have also been appraised.
Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Groundwater, Water Distribution Network, Bottled Water and Juices in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marhamati Maasoumeh , Afshari Asma , Kiani Behzad , Jannat Behrooz , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background:

Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either
directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for
example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review is to investigate nitrate and
nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran.

Methods:

In this review data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus,
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water
Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps
(https://www.google.com/mymaps) software.

Results:

Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the
national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of
the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples,
and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit, in the water
distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman
cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells.

Conclusion:

Using nitrogen fertilizers and lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of
nitrate and nitrite.
Therapeutic Measures for the Novel Coronavirus: A Review of Current Status and Future Perspective
Authors: Shahverdi Mahshid , Darvish Maryam
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly pathogenic and
transmissible viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province,
Central China and spread quickly around the world. The genome sequence of SARSCoV-
2 is phylogenetically related to bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like
(SARS-like) coronaviruses; therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoirs. At
present, there are no clinically approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs for COVID-
19. However, several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against
COVID-19 in clinical studies and resulted in the improvement of patients. In this regard,
other therapies such as antiviral drugs, antibodies, stem cells and plasma therapy are
being studied. In the current study, we reviewed the emergence, pathogenicity and the
genome structure of COVID-19 infection. The main focus of this study is on the
therapeutic approaches that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2.
Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated L-Lysine for Improving Cisplatin Delivery to Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ganji Mahdieh , Dashtestani Fariba , Neghab Hoda Keshmiri , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Hakimian Fatemeh , Haghiralsadat Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Nano drug delivery is a broad field of research on the development of novel
nano- carrier systems for effective therapeutic delivery of drugs. Here, an anticancer drug, cisplatin
(CDDP) conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) via L-Lysine (Lys) linker.

Methods:

The produced nanodrug (GNPs-Lys-CDDP) was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy,
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potentials and electron force microscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy
of the GNPs-Lys-CDDP against human breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and normal cells (MCF-
10A) was evaluatedby MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and morphology changes were assessed by
flowcytometery and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, respectively.

Results:

It was found that the GNPs-Lys-CDDP with a size of 85 nm and negatively charged with
a zeta-potential of about -25 mV could be taken up by tumor cells. A marked change in the UV
spectrum of GNPs-Lys-CDDP compare to GNPs showed a strong absorption shift in the 525 nm region.
The LD 50 of GNPs-Lys-CDDP against SKBR3 (1 μg.mL -1), was found to be 8 times lower
than that of naked CDDP against SKBR3 (8 μg.mL -1). The nanocomplex GNPs-Lys-CDDP also
significantly increased the apoptosis of SKBR3 with the lowest cytotoxic effects on normal cells.

Discussion:

This work indicates that GNPs effectively could decrease the lethal dose of CDDP to
87%. Hence, GNPs modified by Lys, could be a good nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs.
Acting Before; A Combined Strategy to Counteract the Onset and Progression of Dementia
Authors: Pizzi Stefano D. , Granzotto Alberto , Bomba Manuela , Frazzini Valerio , Onofrj Marco , Sensi Stefano L.
Published: December 2020

Brain aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are posing a significant challenge
for health systems worldwide. To date, most of the therapeutic efforts aimed at counteracting dementiarelated
behavioral and cognitive impairment have been focused on addressing putative determinants of
the disease, such as β-amyloid or tau. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to pharmacological
interventions aimed at restoring or promoting the synaptic plasticity of the aging brain. The review
will explore and discuss the most recent molecular, structural/functional, and behavioral evidence
that supports the use of non-pharmacological approaches as well as cognitive-enhancing drugs to
counteract brain aging and early-stage dementia.
Identification of Somatic Mutations in Dementia-related Genes in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon
Published: December 2020

Background:

Dementia is an overall term of brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease
(AD), tauopathies and synucleinopathies. To date, somatic mutations in dementia-related genes, including
the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, PSEN2 gene, microtubule-
associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene and leucine-rich repeat kinase
2 (LRRK2) gene, have been considered one cause of dementia. We have questioned the impact of somatic
mutations in dementia-related genes on cancer.

Methods:

In the present study, we investigated somatic mutations in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT,
SNCA and LRRK2 genes and the impact of these somatic mutations.

Results:

From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found 1,643 somatic mutations in the
APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, SNCA and LRRK2 genes in cancer patients. Strikingly, compared to the
distributions of cancer types in total cancer patients, somatic mutations in the dementia-related genes
showed an extremely low distribution in glioblastoma patients.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of dementia-related genes in
cancer patients.
Huntingtin Levels are Elevated in Hippocampal Post-Mortem Samples of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Winblad Bengt , Tjernberg Lars O. , Schedin-Weiss Sophia
Published: December 2020

Background:

We have recently identified Huntingtin (Htt), the pathogenic protein in
Huntington’s disease, as a mediator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in an amyloid precursor protein
(APP) knock-in mouse model of AD. That finding prompted us to examine if Htt is accumulated in
the brains of AD patients and in which cell type Htt is present in the AD brain.

Objective:

To investigate whether location and levels of Htt are affected in hippocampus and frontal cortex
in AD.

Methods:

Brains from AD patients (n=11) and controls (n=11) were stained for Htt using immunohistochemistry
and signal intensity of Htt was quantified and localized in subregions and neurons. Confocal
microscopy was used to characterize neuronal Htt localisation and its relationship with tau tangles and
astrocytes.

Results:

Htt levels were increased in neuronal cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, in CA1
and CA3 in hippocampus and in layer III of the frontal cortex. Htt was found in the soma, perinuclear
space, thin neurites and nucleus of pyramidal neurons. Htt was present in neurons containing tau tangles
but did not colocalize with astrocytes.

Conclusion:

Htt accumulates in pyramidal neuron-rich areas including hippocampal subregions associated
with memory and frontal cortex layer III. The accumulation of Htt in AD shows distinct cellular
and morphological patterns and is not present in astrocytes. Clearly, further research is warranted to elucidate
the role of Htt as a mediator of AD pathology and the potential use of Htt as a target in future
therapeutic strategies.
Recent Advancements in Macrolide Hybrids against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ji Chaofan , Xu Xiaozhou
Published: December 2020

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), recognized as one of the deadliest pathogens responsible
for nosocomial and community acquired infections, is highly contagious and associated with significant
morbidity and mortality. The increasing emergency and rapid spread of various forms of
drug-resistant S. aureus have already posed a heavy burden on the world health system, but newfangled
antibiotics are right now being created at a much slower pace than our developing requirement.
Macrolides could inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome and are a class of
basic and widely used antibacterial agents in clinical practice to control infections caused by various
bacteria, including S. aureus. However, the emergence of bacterial resistance to macrolide antibiotics,
particularly in Gram-positive bacteria such as macrolide-resistant S. aureus, has already become one
of the significant obstacles for effective chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development
of novel macrolide candidates. This review provides an overview of macrolide hybrids
with potential activity against S. aureus, including drug-resistant forms developed in the recent decade,
with special emphasis on the structure-activity relationships and mechanism of actions.
Concise Review; Effects of Antibiotics and Antimycotics on the Biological Properties of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells
Authors: Farzaneh Maryam
Published: December 2020

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs), including Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and induced
Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), have the remarkable potential to self-renew and develop into
various cell lineages. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) or multipotent stem cells that
are present in various organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages.
Both human PSCs and MSCs hold great promise in cell-based therapies, disease modeling, drug
discovery, and regenerative medicine. Human stem cells must be cultured under the optimal conditions
to use them in transplantology. Therefore, researchers must ensure the sterility of human stem
cell lines. Bacterial contamination is a common problem in laboratories and major precautions are
required to detect the types of microorganisms, and to eliminate and prevent contamination in cell
cultures. Stem cell culture media usually contain antibiotics and antimycotics such as penicillin-
streptomycin (pen-strep), gentamicin, and amphotericin B (AmB) to avoid bacterial, fungal,
and yeast contaminants. Numerous publications recognized the serious effect of antibiotics and antimycotics
on in vitro properties of human stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival,
and genetic instability. This review study aimed to understand the impact of routinely used
antibiotics and antimycotics such as pen-strep, gentamicin, and AmB on viability, proliferation,
and functional properties (differentiation and pluripotency) of human PSCs and MSCs.
In Silico Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease From Natural Sources: A Natural Weapon to Fight COVID-19
Authors: Debnath Bimal , Debnath Pradip , Ghosh Rajat , Debnath Sudhan
Published: December 2020

Background:

The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally has created unprecedented health care and economic crisis. The ever-increasing
death toll highlights an urgent need for the development of specific antiviral to combat
Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective:

In the present study, we aimed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease
inhibitors from regularly used spices.

Methods:

A structure-based virtual screening (VS) of our in-house databank of 1152 compounds
was employed to identify small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro),
which are important protease for virus replication. The databank was built of the compounds from
ten spices and two medicinal plants.

Results:

The top three potential hits that resulted from VS were myricetin (1) available in Alium
cepa and Mentha piperita; α-hydroxyhydrocaffeic acid (2) available in M. Piperita; and luteolin
(3) available in M. Piperita, Curcuma longa, A. cepa, and Trigonella foenum-graecum, which
showed fair binding affinity to PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 compared to known SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitors.
The predicted Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties of
the selected hits showed that all are drug-like. The compounds bind to biologically critical regions
of the target protein, indicating their potential to inhibit the functionality of this component.

Conclusion:

There are only a few reports available in the literature on the in-silico identification of
PLpro inhibitors and most of them used homology modeling of protein. Here, we used the recently
uploaded X-ray crystal structure of PLpro (PDB ID: 6WX4) with a well-defined active site. Our
computational approach has resulted in the identification of effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2PLpro.
The reported edible spices may be useful against COVID-19 as a home remedy after an in-
-vitro study.
Figuras do imaginário pós-humano na obra de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Corga Pedro Luís
Published: December 2020

A literatura de Gonçalo M. Tavares debruça-se sobre questões essenciais da vivência humana na contemporaneidade, os medos, angústias, motivações e a relação destas com um mundo dominado pela constante mudança, pela incerteza, pela ambiguidade e o paradoxo. Na sua escrita o autor chama a si aquilo que apelida de responsabilidade literária e moral do escritor neste início de século XXI, o dever de estar atento ao mundo que o rodeia e de o levar a sério, questionando, refletindo e provocando nos leitores inquietação perante questões fundamentais como o destino do ser humano no mundo tecnológico e globalizado do século XXI, a sua relação com a tecnologia, a ciência e as implicações na relação que mantém com o mundo natural. Esta artigo pretende, assim, encetar uma breve reflexão sobre as características mais marcantes da poética de Gonçalo M. Tavares à luz do conceito do pós-humano, através da leitura das suas obras mais marcantes. As obras pertences à tetralogia O reino e títulos como Uma Viagem à Índia, Atlas do Corpo e da Imaginação e  Breves Notas sobre Ciência, farão parte desta nossa leitura pós-humana do universo literário de Gonçalo M. Tavares.
"He-man and the Masters of the Universe": a tecnocultura dos anos 80 e uma das primeiras recriações do pós-humano
Authors: Maia João Jerónimo Machadinha
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisitação do franchising He-man and the Masters of the Universe, um universo recreativo que se estendeu a várias áreas de negócio. Tratando-se de um universo concebido no contexto da tecnocultura dos anos 80, recebeu a influência de vários elementos culturais e ideológicos que justificam a sua classificação como representação do pós-humano. Inclusivamente, as representações de He-man em décadas posteriores não deixaram de revelar elementos interessantes para o estudo académico das recriações do pós-humano face aos desenvolvimentos ocorridos na cultura popular e na cultura de massas através dos média. No entanto, trata-se de um produto de entretenimento que continua a ser essencialmente dirigido ao público de fãs dos anos 80, daí verificar-se determinadas particularidades na evolução das suas estórias.
Espectros do vivente na banda desenhada
Authors: Moura Pedro
Published: December 2020

A banda desenhada, enquanto parte do discurso público, e através da sua variedade material e de géneros, proporciona um grande número de exemplos de narrativas nas quais se resubjectiviza o “outro” liminar, compreendido então como tendo um papel activo na força de vida de todo o universo. Este artigo traça uma visão introdutória sobre essa mesma variedade, desenhando um espectro que revela uma cada vez maior consideração de agentes do sensível.