bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Public Consultation and the Opportunities for Participatory Democracy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Reianu Diana Gabriela , Dobra Dorin Mircea
Published: November 2024

The decision-making process involves different stages in which the authorities should ensure that citizens’ views and concerns are voiced by encouraging citizens to become directly involved in policy areas and issues so that they can actively engage in collective public choices. Public consultation therefore plays a crucial role in promoting democratic values and strengthening the legitimacy of decision-making processes in governments and organizations. This study aims to analyze young people’s reaction to the general trend towards digitalization and the extent to which young people are willing to adopt new digital methods of public consultation. The results show that the digitalization trend is sparking enthusiasm for innovation and efficiency among our respondents, but they also highlight concerns about data security and the impact on jobs. Our study finds a generally positive attitude towards the use of online platforms for public consultations, highlighting the role of online platforms in increasing the trust of European citizens in the European legislature, but at the same time questioning the importance the European Union would attach to opinions expressed through digital platforms and the representativeness of the group of participants. The results of this study have strong administrative and managerial implications and can provide important insights into the search for solutions regarding the implementation of digitalization and online consultation in EU legislation.
Correction: Aristizábal and Ávila (2024). Actions That Build Peace from the Voices of Teachers Affected by the Armed Conflict in Colombia. Social Sciences 13: 597
Authors: Aristizábal Luz Adriana , Ávila Adriana Inés
Published: November 2024

In the original publication (Aristizábal and Ávila 2024), the Acknowledgement section was not included [...]
Ecopedagogy in Remote Digitally Facilitated Field Education Experiences: Embedding Ecosocial Work in Practice
Authors: Darracott Ros
Published: November 2024

Teaching that centers holistic understandings of humans and the natural environment is relatively new in Australian social work education. This position is purposefully embraced to embed ecological justice as a key consideration in day-to-day practice. Alongside the growing professional awareness of ecological concerns and emerging commitment to ecosocial work practice, field education is evolving and allowing students to engage in remote digitally facilitated field placements. This provides new opportunities for creatively embedding ecological learning and ecosocial work practices into student field education thus promoting incorporation of these into the students’ emerging professional practice frameworks. This descriptive article examines the structure and pedagogical approach used in a series of such placements provided in partnership with environmental not-for-profit organizations. These digitally facilitated field education experiences can provide a powerful mechanism for transformational ecosocial learning, particularly when underpinned by Freirean ecopedagogy which resonates with social work’s professional values and purpose. Additionally, there is opportunity for mutual benefit when these placements are hosted by environmental not-for-profit organizations.
Social Media Use and Associations with Psychological Distress Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ragnhildsløkken Hege , Bonsaksen Tore , Aakhus Eivind , Kabelenga Isaac , Lamph Gary , Price Daicia , Østertun Geirdal Amy
Published: November 2024

Social media may have the double potential to support and undermine mental health, and research is needed to investigate these relationships in age-specified populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between the use of social media and psychological distress among older adults (60 years and above) both nine and 19 months after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted in Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants (9 months: n = 679; 19 months: n = 238) reported the extent of social media use, motives for using social media, and level of psychological distress using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The data were analysed with descriptive analyses, independent t-tests and multiple linear regression analyses. Time spent on social media was not associated with psychological distress. Higher psychological distress was associated with higher scores on using social media to ‘reduce loneliness’ at both measurement points. At nine months, higher psychological distress was associated with higher scores on using social media for ‘entertainment’, but the association was not statistically significant at 19 months. Psychological distress was associated with the motive to ‘maintain relationships’ at 19 months, but not at nine months. Guidance for older adults’ use of social media should emphasise how they can be used to promote communication and maintain existing relationships.
The Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Urban Carbon Emissions: An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of China’s Prefecture-Level Cities
Authors: Fu Yunpeng , Wang Zixuan
Published: November 2024

In the context of accelerating global climate change, it has become increasingly important to study the vital relationship between industrial agglomeration and urban carbon emissions for sustainable development. The present study focuses on the influence of industrial agglomeration on urban carbon emissions, by investigating a sample of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2021. Methodologically, this study empirically tests the effect of industrial agglomeration on the urban carbon emissions through the use of a spatial Durbin model and mediating effect model. The following are the main conclusions: first, the impact of industrial agglomeration on urban carbon emissions shows an inverted U-shaped relationship, which first intensifies and then inhibits, and has spatial spillover effect; second, industrial agglomeration has different impacts on urban carbon emissions in the eastern, central and western regions. Industrial agglomeration shows different impacts on urban carbon emissions between resource-based and non-resource-based cities. Industrial agglomeration shows different impacts on urban carbon emissions between old industrial cities and non-old industrial cities. Third, green technology innovation and green talent agglomeration mediate the relationship between industrial agglomeration and urban carbon emissions. This study highlights the significance of industrial agglomeration in promoting sustainable urban development and offers valuable insights for the planning and formulation of industrial development policies.
Structural Characteristics and Driving Factors of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Six Stipa Species Across the Ningxia Steppe
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Wang Wenxiao , Yu Shuang , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Junlong , Li Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

The relation and interaction of rhizosphere microbial communities with local environmental factors and root traits is currently a vibrant research hotspot. Yet little is known about how the morphological and functional properties of roots in steppe plants affect microbial community structure. Hence, this study investigated the rhizosphere soil of six Stipa species across the Ningxia steppe in China to examine how the composition of their microbial communities responds to both root traits as well as surrounding environmental factors. Our results reveal significant differences (p < 0.001) in the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities among different Stipa species. The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla are Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, respectively; further, Mortierellomycota plays a key role in the fungal community and is closely associated with other fungal taxa. According to the functional gene predictions for bacteria and fungi, the rhizosphere microbes associated with Stipa species are mainly related to organic matter metabolism and nitrogen cycling. We find that soil physicochemical properties (SOC, TN, TP, AP, SWC, FL, SL) and root traits (RTD, Rtn) are pivotal factors which directly influence the structure of microbial communities dwelling in the rhizosphere of Stipa species. The dominant phyla of fungi and bacteria can respond to those properties in two contrasting ways. One group, consisting of bacteria such as Acidobacteria and fungi like Mortierellomycota, has a relative abundance that is positively correlated with soil nutrients (SOC, TN, AN, TP), whereas the second group, which includes bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and fungi like Ascomycota, is characterized by a negative correlation. More importantly, our results show that root traits significantly impact (p < 0.001) fungal diversity, whereby the morphological and functional properties indirectly affect the composition of bacterial and fungal communities by modulating soil properties. Altogether, the findings suggest that the morphological and functional properties of Stipa roots play a prominent role in shaping the community structure of rhizosphere microbes in steppe, providing a theoretical basis for exploring changes in these communities across space and time, as well as offering insights for grassland conservation and sustainable management.
Assessing Public Perceptions of Blue–Green Infrastructure in Urban Watersheds: A Case Study of Acari River, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Maria Vitória Ribeiro , Veról Aline Pires
Published: November 2024

Accelerated urbanization and frequent flooding in contemporary cities have contributed to the devaluation of rivers within urban landscapes, resulting in a diminished relationship between residents and these waterways. Although there has been a notable increase in frameworks designed to enhance stakeholder engagement in flood risk management, these primarily target decision-makers, with limited focus on processes that ensure community participation in Blue–Green Infrastructure (BGI) initiatives. This paper seeks to address this gap by proposing a conceptual framework for assessing public perceptions of BGI in urban watersheds, particularly in areas facing socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The framework was applied through an online survey directed at inhabitants and experts associated with the Acari River Watershed, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The survey comprises five sections aimed at gathering respondent profiles, exploring their interactions with the case study, and eliciting their perceptions of BGI alternatives, supported by graphic representations. BGI alternatives were evaluated based on four principles: usability, reliability, feasibility, and acceptance. The findings indicate that while certain strategies were perceived as reliable, concerns regarding pollution and trust were significant, especially in densely populated areas. This framework is recommended for use in other urban contexts to facilitate effective community engagement in sustainable planning processes, especially in developing countries.
The Spatial Spillover Effect and Mechanism of Carbon Emission Trading Policy on Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction: Evidence from the Pearl River–West River Economic Belt in China
Authors: Liao Zhigao , Bai Yufeng , Jian Kerong , Chalermkiat Wongvanichtawee
Published: November 2024

China faces issues such as air pollution and global climate change, and the Carbon Emission Trading Policy (CETP) has attracted considerable attention as a core policy tool for achieving the “dual carbon” goals. Based on panel data from the Pearl River–West River Economic Belt (PRWREB) from 2008 to 2021, we use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) and Spatial Difference-in-Differences (S-DID) models to explore the pollution reduction and carbon reduction effects of the CETP and its spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis reveals several interesting insights. First, the CETP has promoted a 34.1% overall reduction in pollution and carbon levels in the pilot areas, with sustained effects. Moreover, spatial spillover effects can reduce the pollution and carbon levels in the economic belt by 29.9%. Second, the pollution and carbon reduction effects of the CETP are more significant in regions with better economic development and active carbon trading. It has the best synergistic reduction effects on CO2 and SO2 but is less effective in reducing PM2.5. Third, the spillover effects of the CETP on technological innovation are greater than the direct effects, with the most noticeable pollution and carbon reduction outcomes. The overall negative effect on industrial structure is that it fails to promote pollution and carbon reduction. The emission reduction mechanisms vary for different targets: CO2 and PM2.5 are related to energy efficiency, SO2 to advancing industrial structure, and smoke and dust to technological innovation. Based on the research conclusions, we propose to improve the coordinated governance system for carbon and pollution, advance pollution and carbon reduction according to local conditions, and implement targeted emission reduction and efficiency enhancement.
Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Coupling of Industrial Agglomeration and Carbon Emission Efficiency—Evidence from China’s Animal Husbandry Industry
Authors: Zeng Qingmei , Fan Bin , Wang Fuzeng
Published: November 2024

Drawing upon the data of China’s animal husbandry industry from 2000 to 2020 in 30 provinces, an EBM model incorporating non-desired outputs was employed to gauge the carbon emission efficiency of the animal husbandry industry. Coupling degree models, spatial autocorrelation models, and Markov chain models were utilized to assess the coupling degree between the industrial agglomeration of the animal husbandry sector and its carbon emission efficiency, and to analyze its spatio-temporal distribution and evolution. The outcomes showed that (1) the coupling degree of China’s animal husbandry industry agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency exhibited an overall downward inclination. Notably, the diminishing tendency of the coupling degree was more pronounced in the eastern, central, and western parts of the country; (2) the coupling degree of the 30 provinces showed a spatial distribution of “western > central > northeast > eastern”; (3) the coupling degree showed obvious agglomeration distribution characteristics, wherein a substantial quantity of provinces was located in high–high clustering zones and low–low clustering zones; (4) the coupling degree of various provinces remained fairly stable, but after considering the spatial and geographical correlation, the coupling degree of each province would be influenced by the coupling degree of its adjacent provinces. Evidently, there remained a substantial scope for the enhancement of the coupling coordination degree between the industrial agglomeration of China’s animal husbandry and the carbon emission efficiency. This research is capable of furnishing a theoretical allusion for promoting regional cooperation, leveraging agglomeration advantages, and implementing carbon emission abatement regimes and directives to enhance the low-carbon development level of animal husbandry industry agglomeration in China.
Effects of Perceived Benefits, Value, and Relationships of Brands in an Online-to-Offline Context: Moderating Effect of ESG Activities
Authors: Liang Meili , Yu Jianwei , Jin Changhyun
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate how perceived benefits and risks affect perceived value, as well as to examine the relationship between perceived value, consumer–brand relationships, and loyalty. The study examines the moderating effects of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on the abovementioned relationships by applying a value-based adoption model. An online survey was conducted with consumers who used a food-delivery-service platform, totaling 754 participants. The SPSS 27 statistical package and SmartPLS 4.0 were used to test the research hypotheses, as well as to verify the moderating effects. The results indicate that product quality and specialization have positive effects on perceived value; however, delivery convenience does not. The analysis also found that perceived risk factors associated with delivery-service platforms, specifically, delivery risk, delivery security, and product heterogeneity, have positive effects on perceived value. These results imply that perceived value is linked to consumer perceptions of perceived benefits or risks and is closely related to the formation of customer–brand relationships with delivery platform companies. In addition, it was found that consumer–brand relationships formed in this way act as a decisive factor in the formation of corporate brand loyalty. ESG activity was found to play an important role in moderating the relationship between product quality and specialization, which are factors regarding perceived benefits and value. The ESG performance of delivery-service platforms plays a moderating role in the relationship between perceived value, consumer–brand relationships, and brand loyalty. The results of this study contribute to the development of strategic guidelines for marketers seeking to establish delivery-service platforms.
Designing and Evaluating Games for Landslides, Earthquakes, and Fires: Lesson Learned from Schools in Nepal
Authors: Marahatta Deepak , Ghimire Jiwnath , Poplin Alenka
Published: November 2024

The Himalayan country of Nepal is vulnerable to landslides, earthquakes, and fires. Its inhabitants need to be empowered on how to react in emergencies to prevent fatalities and respond to crises efficiently while promoting longer-term sustainability and resilience. This research project, a collaborative effort involving teachers, students, and researchers, highlights the design and implementation of games for disaster risk reduction tested in remote schools. Three interactive games were developed using an iterative game design process and testing in workshops aiming to ensure the inclusivity and diversity of the project. The games targeted preparedness and response to landslides, earthquakes, and house fires. The outcome has proven that the game-based approach to teaching and learning is crucial in empowering underserved school children often left out in formal and informal disaster management processes. This study has shown that game-based learning of disaster preparedness and response effectively empowers resource-deficient communities and regions of the Global South.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving a Net Zero Carbon Economy in Emerging Economies: A Combination of PLS-SEM and fsQCA Approaches to Digital Inclusion and Climate Resilience
Authors: Mondal Subhra , Das Subhankar , Vrana Vasiliki G.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in sovereignty and carbon neutrality, emphasizing digital inclusion and climate-resilient AI strategies for emerging markets. Considering the previous studies on AI for carbon neutrality and digital inclusion for climate research along with technology policy frameworks as a guide, this paper undertakes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with AI strategies and carbon neutrality outcomes. At the same time, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is used to reveal different configurations leading to achieving climate resilience. The model covers various aspects of AI-enabled policy, including technology adoption, policy frameworks, digital literacy, and public engagement. Survey data were collected from key stakeholders in climate policy, technology sectors, and local communities using a structured survey to understand their attitudes towards negative emissions technologies from prominent experts in emerging countries like Vietnam, Italy, Malaysia, and Greece. PLS-SEM results reveal the importance of AI in developing carbon neutrality, a critical AI strategic dimension (Data analytics capability and policy support). Some aspects of the fsQCA findings present heterogeneous outcomes, highlighting complex combinations of digital inclusion, AI adoption, and climate resilience which are industry-specific. This study would further enrich the literature concerning climate strategies by exploring AI, digital inclusion, and carbon neutrality interactions. Theoretically, practical and enriching suggestions for future research are derived to help AI intelligence infuse sustainable climate actions.
Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Property Enhancement of Paper-Pulp-Based Packaging Materials Using Biodegradable Additives
Authors: Samarathunga Amalka Indupama , Kulasooriya Watagoda Gedara Chathura Madusanka , Sewwandi Horawala Mahawaththage Dona Umesha , Vithanage Vimukthi , Induranga Ashan , Kumara Buddhika Sampath , Koswattage Kaveenga
Published: November 2024

Generally, paper-pulp-based materials are emerging in the packaging industry due to their high degree of biodegradability. Along with agricultural byproducts as an alternative, using additive or secondary materials in various processes and products has been a solution for implementing sustainability in material utilization. However, biodegradable materials still need to be improved due to the lack of properties which are essential for their use as packaging material. Currently, a number of research attempts have focused on enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties to increase the effectivity of those biodegradable materials for use as packaging material. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectivity of using sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and wheat flour (starch) as a strengthening and thermal resistive additive. Due to its proven nano range particle size and fibrous nature, this material could positively affect the material properties. A total of twelve samples were prepared by varying the weight fraction of SCBA, white flour, and paper pulp. A compression molding method was used to prepare cylindrical samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 55 mm under a compression load of 2 tonnes. Wet molded cylindrical blocks were oven-dried at 105 °C for 48 h to remove excessive moisture from the samples. Subsequently, all the samples were dried further until no significant weight loss was observed after the drying process to ensure their uniform moisture conditions. The prepared samples were tested for compressive strength using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Both load and compressive stress acting on each sample were plotted against the deflection of the sample. For the analysis, the deflection of each sample was measured at 8.6 kN load and the sample with 10% SCBA and 12.5% starch exhibited the least displacement among all additives. The results show that the samples with 10% SCBA and 12.5% starch also had the highest compressive strength compared to the other samples. Further, samples with the same amount of SCBA were analyzed for thermal resistivity and to obtain the thermal behavior of samples which is crucial in food packaging.Overall, most of the SCBA and starch mixed samples showed superior compressive strength compared to the pure paper-pulp-based sample.
Sediment TIE Validation Study Using South Korean Domestic Species Glyptotendipes tokunagai to Evaluate Contamination with Two Heavy Metals and Ammonia
Authors: Bang Yeo-Jin , Singh Rahul , Hwang Da-Hyeon , Lee Jae-Min , Kwak Ihn-Sil , Park Jae-Won , Jeong Tae-Yong
Published: November 2024

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) is used to support sustainable soil management. However, TIE studies for sediment contamination have been limited and no previous study has validated its applicability to a species native to South Korea, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to validate the applicability of domestic species inhabiting East Asia to a TIE framework. We selected Glyptotendipes tokunagai, a common benthic invertebrate in urban areas. Contaminated sediment samples were generated using cadmium, copper, and ammonia, which are the major pollutants in sediment. Three different adsorbents were chosen as pollutant removal agents to validate the applicability of TIE using G. tokunagai. In the results, G. tokunagai exhibited a mortality rate that was dependent on the concentration of each pollutant. The mortality rate dramatically decreased after adding the chosen adsorbents to the contaminated sediments. Additionally, the observed reduction in toxicant concentrations suggests that these additives are efficient for toxicant removal. In contrast, WCA10L showed a mortality higher than 20% and seems not to be a proper additive for a toxicity assay. Through this study, G. tokunagai was demonstrated to be sufficiently sensitive to sediment contaminated with different pollutants and showed reproducible measurements, making it a suitable test organism for the TIE framework. Moreover, suitable adsorbents were suggested by measuring efficiency and toxicity after the toxicant removal procedure.
Synergy or Counteraction: Can Multiple Environmental Policies Promote High-Quality Green Transformation of Enterprises?—A Comprehensive Assessment Based on Double Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Chen Ziqi , Wang Yu , Wang Yuan
Published: November 2024

As environmental issues grow increasingly complex and multifaceted, the synergistic effects of environmental policies and their implementation methods have become central to the environmental policy system. This paper analyzes panel data from all A-share-listed companies in China between 2013 and 2022 and aims at comprehensively evaluate the role and impact of command-and-control, market-incentive, and public-participation environmental policies along with their combinations on corporate green transformation by using a double machine learning method. The results indicate that (1) all three types of environmental policies positively influence corporate green transformation, with market-based policies having the most pronounced effect; (2) the synergistic effects of policy combinations further enhance corporate green transformation, especially the combination of market-incentive and public-participation environmental policies; (3) heterogeneity analysis highlights differences in the effects of these environmental policies and their combinations on corporate attributes and regional factors; and (4) mechanism analysis indicates that green innovation and financial constraints indirectly drive the high-quality green transformation of enterprises.
Spatiotemporal Synergistic Effect and Categorized Management Policy of CO2 and Air Pollutant Reduction and Economic Growth Under China’s Interregional Trade
Authors: Bai Luzhen , Dong Long , Li Qian , Qu Zhiguang , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

In this study, we utilized multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables from 2012 to 2017 to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of CO2 emissions, air pollutant emissions, and value added associated with trade in different regions and industries, as well as the level of coupling coordination among them. Secondly, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) was used to identify the drivers of changes in the above indicators at the regional level. The results show that consumption-based emissions exceeded those based on production in developed regions such as Jing-Jin and the eastern coastal regions, while the opposite occurred in energy hubs such as the northern coastal and central regions; the results of the value added show higher levels in production areas than in consumption areas in the eastern coastal regions, while the opposite trend was observed in the northwestern regions. In different industries, energy production and heavy manufacturing contributed significantly to CO2, PM2.5, and SO2 emissions, while the service industry contributed more to NOx and VOC emissions and value added. The relationships among the changes in the three consumption-based indicators were divided into four categories: positive synergies, negative synergies, trade-offs A, and trade-offs B. Recommendations for targeted collaborative management strategies were delineated based on a regional resource-driven classification.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: Averted Deaths and Severe Infections Across Age Groups
Authors: Wilasang Chaiwat , Suttirat Pikkanet , Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Amarasiri Mohan , Chadsuthi Sudarat , Modchang Charin
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pivotal role of vaccines in mitigating the devastating impact of the virus. In Thailand, the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 began on 28 February 2021, initially prioritizing healthcare professionals before expanding into a nationwide effort on 7 June 2021. This study employs a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission with vaccination to analyze the impact of Thailand’s COVID-19 vaccination program from 1 March 2021 to 31 December 2022. We specifically assess the potential loss of lives and occurrence of severe infections across various age groups in a hypothetical scenario where vaccines were not administered. By fitting our model with officially reported COVID-19 death data, our analysis reveals that vaccination efforts prevented a total of 300,234 deaths (95% confidence interval: 295,938–304,349) and averted 1.60 million severe COVID-19 infections (95% confidence interval: 1.54–1.65 million). Notably, the elderly population over 80 years old benefited the most from vaccination, with an estimated 84,518 lives saved, constituting 4.28% of this age group. Furthermore, individuals aged between 70 and 74 years experienced the highest reduction in severe infections, with vaccination potentially preventing 8.35% of this age bracket from developing severe COVID-19.
Common Chemical Plasticizer Di(2-Ethhylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure Exacerbates Coxsackievirus B3 Infection
Authors: Kordbacheh Ramina , Ashley Madelyn , Cutts William D. , Keyzer Taryn E. , Chatterjee Shruti , Altman Tyler J. , Alexander Natalie G. , Sparer Timothy E. , Kim Brandon J. , Sin Jon
Published: November 2024

Di(2-ethhylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plastic rubberizer. DEHP leaches from plastic matrices and is under increasing scrutiny as numerous studies have linked it to negative human health manifestations. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB) is a human pathogen that typically causes subclinical infections but can sometimes cause severe diseases such as pancreatitis, myocarditis, and meningoencephalitis. Though CVB infections are common, severe illness is relatively rare, and it is unclear what factors mediate disease severity. In this study, we sought to determine the effects that DEHP has on CVB infection in a variety of human cell types to evaluate whether this plastic-derived pollutant could represent a proviral environmental factor. Methods: HeLa cervical cancer cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells (iBECs), and Caco-2 colon carcinoma cells were exposed to 40 µg/mL DEHP for 24 h prior to infecting with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing CVB. The severity of the infection was evaluated via fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry-based viral EGFP detection, viral plaque assay on tissue culture media, and Western blotting to detect VP1 viral capsid protein. Interferon-associated proteins such as interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3, IRF7, interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) 2, and IFITM3 were measured by Western blotting. The roles of IFITM2 and IFITM3 in the context of CVB infection were evaluated via siRNA silencing. Results: We found that DEHP drastically increased CVB infection in each of the cell types we tested, and, while the cellular processes underlying DEHP’s proviral properties were not entirely clear, we observed that DEHP may subvert CVB-induced interferon signaling and elevate levels of IFITMs, which appeared to bolster CVB infection. Conclusions: DEHP may represent a major environmental factor associated with the severity of CVB infection. Further understanding of how DEHP exacerbates infection may better elucidate its potential role as a proviral environmental factor.
New Insights on Hepatitis B Virus Viral Transcription in Single Hepatocytes
Authors: Peng Bo , Pan Lixia , Li Wenhui
Published: November 2024

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects approximately 290 million people globally, with chronic infection sustained by persistent viral gene expression. Recent single-cell analyses of HBV viral transcripts have uncovered novel features of HBV transcription and provided fresh insights into its regulation at the single-cell level. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in understanding HBV viral transcription in individual hepatocytes and highlight emerging technologies that hold promise for future research.
First Incidence of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Cervidae Family from State Zoo of Assam, India
Authors: Barman Nagendra Nath , Bharali Arpita , Bora Durlav Prasad , Dutta Biswajit , Bora Mousumi , Gogoi Sophia M. , Sharma Panchami , Sarma Sankar , Kakati Parikshit , Mariswamy Tejas , Choudhury Ankita , Buragohain Lukumoni
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the episodes of per-acute mortality due to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that resulted in the death of 30 animals of different species of cervids, namely, barking deer, four-horned antelope, hog deer, thamin, and mouse deer in the State Zoo of Assam, a northeastern state of India. The affected animals showed no to limited clinical signs. However, the necropsy and histopathological findings were highly suggestive of PPR virus (PPRV) infection observed in domestic small ruminants. Representative tissue samples were screened for the presence of PPRV along with blue tongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) using RT-PCR or RT-qPCR and were found to be positive for PPRV. Considering the sudden outbreak of PPR in captive cervids, we sought to determine the role of domestic goats as the potential spillover host. To verify that, archived tissue samples of domestic goats collected during PPRV outbreaks in nearby localities and slaughtered goats used as meat for Carnivorous animals in the State Zoo were also screened and found to be positive for PPRV in RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of PPRV from infected cervids, domestic goats, and goat meat revealed the virus to be of Lineage IV origin. Our findings provide evidence of probable spillover of PPRV from domestic goats to captive endangered cervids and circulation of Lineage IV PPRV strains among the small-ruminant population of this region.
Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Transplant Recipients and Hemodialysis Patients: Data from the Dominican Republic
Authors: Alcantara Sanchez Lisette , Alvarez Guerra Eloy , Li Dongmei , King Samantha M. , Hilchey Shannon P. , Zhou Qian , Dewhurst Stephen , Fiscella Kevin , Zand Martin S.
Published: November 2024

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in approximately 7 million deaths and a historic vaccination effort, with over 13.6 billion doses administered. Despite this, understanding of immune responses in vulnerable populations, such as transplant recipients (TR) and hemodialysis patients (HD), remains limited, especially outside the US and Europe. Methods: To address this gap, we analyzed blood samples and deidentified data from the Instituto Nacional de Coordinación de Trasplante (INCORT) in The Dominican Republic, measuring antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 post-infection and vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and Sinovac-CoronaVac (Sinovac) in TR, HD, and healthy controls (CO). Using a fluorescent multiplex assay (mPlex-CoV) and mixed-effects modeling, we assessed variations in anti-S, anti-RBD, and anti-N IgG antibodies. Results: The results indicate that the CO group experienced an early peak in anti-S and anti-RBD antibodies, followed by stabilization. In contrast, the TR and HD groups showed a slower, gradual increase in antibodies. Despite fluctuations in the HD group, both the TR and HD groups maintained high anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels, indicating a back-boosting effect from vaccination. However, elevated anti-N IgG levels in the TR and HD groups suggest potential reinfections. Additionally, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection led to higher anti-S IgG levels, with BNT162b2 associated with higher anti-S IgG and CoronaVac associated with higher anti-N IgG levels. Conclusion: These findings highlight the variability in antibody responses and the need for targeted public health strategies to diverse immunological profiles.
Lung-Selective Delivery of mRNA-Encoding Anti-MERS-CoV Nanobody Exhibits Neutralizing Activity Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Tian Chongyu , Yu Xinyang , Yu Guocan , Han Xuelian , Wang Yuan , Zhou Haisheng , Zhang Shuai , Li Min , Yang Tiantian , Sun Yali , Tai Wanbo , Yin Qi , Zhao Guangyu
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic virus causing severe respiratory illness, with limited treatment options that are mostly supportive. The success of mRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines has opened avenues for antibody development against MERS-CoV. mRNA-based antibodies, expressed in vivo, offer rapid adaptability to viral mutations while minimizing long-term side effects. This study aimed to develop a lung-targeted lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system for mRNA-encoding neutralizing nanobodies against MERS-CoV, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods: An mRNA-encoding nanobody NbMS10 (mRNA-NbMS10) was engineered for enhanced stability and reduced immunogenicity. This mRNA was encapsulated in lung-selective LNPs using microfluidics to form the LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system. Efficacy was assessed through in vitro assays and in vivo mouse studies, focusing on antigen-binding, neutralization, and sustained nanobody expression in lung tissues. Results: The LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system expressed the nanobody in vitro, showing strong antigen-binding and significant MERS-CoV pseudovirus neutralization. In vivo studies confirmed selective lung mRNA delivery, with high nanobody expression sustained for up to 24 h, confirming lung specificity and prolonged antiviral activity. Conclusions: Extensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate the LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system’s potential as a scalable, cost-effective, and adaptable alternative to current MERS-CoV therapies. This innovative platform offers a promising solution for preventing and treating respiratory infections, and countering emerging viral threats.
Effects of Trap Funnel and Finger Design on Sea Lamprey Entrance and Retention
Authors: Hrodey Peter J. , Bravener Gale , Miehls Scott M.
Published: November 2024

Traps are used to catch adult sea lampreys during their upstream migration to estimate their abundance in streams and, in turn, provide a measure of the Sea Lamprey Control Program’s effectiveness. During 2015 and 2016, we experimentally compared two components of sea lamprey trap design: trap entrance funnel type and the presence of retention devices, using side-by-side instream test chambers as well as laboratory flumes. We modeled how likelihoods of entrance and retention were influenced by funnel type, retention fingers, water temperature, and lamprey sex. Likelihood of entrance was highest with bottom-oriented funnels and no retention fingers. As water temperature increased, the likelihood of entrance generally increased, but funnel type and retention fingers determined the magnitude of the increase. Likelihood of retention was highest with bottom-oriented funnels and retention fingers and was also influenced by water temperature. Overall, the likelihood of capture (result of entrance + retention) was highest for bottom-oriented funnels and varied by water temperature and lamprey sex but not retention fingers. Further testing on other components of trap design is needed. This type of controlled experimental design can help guide future work to improve trap exploitation rates.
Multi-Isotope-Based Tracing of Drainage Nitrogen Behavior and Surface and Groundwater Pathways in High-Nitrogen Rare Earth Mines
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Rui , Tang Changyuan , Gao Quanzhou , Zhong Jianhong , Cao Yingjie
Published: November 2024

High-nitrogen mining drainage (HNMD) is a significant source of watershed nitrogen pollution, influencing the nitrogen distribution in streams through various pathways, including surface runoff (HNMDs) and subsurface runoff (HNMDg). In this study, the nitrogen contributions of HNMDs and HNMDg were characterized by using water chemistry analysis, isotope analysis, and a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model. The combined effects of HNMDs, HNMDg, and domestic sewage (DS) were found to substantially impact nitrogen dynamics in the study area. On average, HNMDs and HNMDg contributed 60.5 ± 8.8% and 19.8 ± 12.5%, respectively, to riverine nitrogen. After accounting for the exclusion of DS, the dominance of HNMDs became more pronounced, contributing 67.0 ± 4.1% and 81.9 ± 0.1% of the HNMD nitrogen in the Chakeng and Caiyang Rivers, respectively. HNMDs and HNMDg displayed distinct nitrogen discharge behaviors within the watershed, which influenced the observed variations in nitrogen fluxes. Precipitation had a stronger influence on nitrogen discharge from HNMDs compared to HNMDg. Furthermore, NH4+-N from HNMD was more likely to enter streams via surface runoff, while HNMDg served as a critical and relatively stable source of nitrogen discharge.
Long-Term Spatiotemporal Analysis of Precipitation Trends with Implications of ENSO-Driven Variability in the Department of Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Pomares-Meza Geraldine M. , Camargo Caicedo Yiniva , Vélez-Pereira Andrés M.
Published: November 2024

The Magdalena department, influenced by southern trade winds and ocean currents from the Atlantic and Pacific, is a climatically vulnerable region. This study assesses the Magdalena Department’s precipitation trends and stationary patterns by analyzing multi-year monthly records from 55 monitoring stations from 1990 to 2022. To achieve this, the following methods were used: (i) homogeneous regions were established by an unsupervised clustering approach, (ii) temporal trends were quantified using non-parametric tests, (iii) stationarity was identified through Morlet wavelet decomposition, and (iv) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in four Niño regions was correlated with stationarity cycles. Silhouette’s results yielded five homogeneous regions, consistent with the National Meteorological Institute (IDEAM) proposal. The Department displayed decreasing annual trends (−32–−100 mm/decade) but exhibited increasing monthly trends (>20 mm/decade) during the wettest season. The wavelet decomposition analysis revealed quasi-bimodal stationarity, with significant semiannual cycles (~4.1 to 5.6 months) observed only in the eastern region. Other regions showed mixed behavior: non-stationary in the year’s first half and stationary in the latter half. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between SST in the El Niño 3 region (which accounted for 50.5% of the coefficients), indicating that strong phases of El Niño anticipated precipitation responses for up to six months. This confirms distinct rainfall patterns and precipitation trends influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), highlighting the need for further hydrometeorological research in the area.
Hydrochemical Dynamics and Water Quality Assessment of the Ramsar-Listed Ghodaghodi Lake Complex: Unveiling the Water-Environment Nexus
Authors: Paudel Ganga , Pant Ramesh Raj , Joshi Tark Raj , Saqr Ahmed M. , Đurin Bojan , Cetl Vlado , Kamble Pramod N. , Bishwakarma Kiran
Published: November 2024

Human activities and climate change increasingly threaten wetlands worldwide, yet their hydrochemical properties and water quality are often inadequately studied. This research focused on the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex (GLC) and associated lakes in Nepal, a Ramsar-listed site known for its biodiversity and ecological significance. The study was conducted to assess seasonal water quality, investigate the factors influencing hydrochemistry, and assess the lakes’ suitability for irrigation. Forty-nine water samples were collected from the GLC in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Nineteen physicochemical parameters, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions (calcium ‘Ca2+’, magnesium ‘Mg2+’, and bicarbonate ‘HCO3−’), were analyzed using standard on-site and laboratory methods. Statistical methods, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, and hydrochemical diagrams, e.g., Piper, were adopted to explore spatial and seasonal variations in water quality, revealing significant fluctuations in key hydrochemical indicators. Results showed marked seasonal differences, with pre-monsoon TDS levels averaging 143.1 mg/L compared to 78.9 mg/L post-monsoon, underscoring evaporation and dilution effects. The hydrochemical analysis identified Ca2+-HCO3− as the dominant water type, highlighting the influence of carbonate weathering on GLC’s water composition. Gibbs, mixing, and Piper diagram analysis supported these findings, confirming the predominance of HCO3−, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ as the main cations. Additionally, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were consistently below 1, confirming excellent irrigation quality. These findings provided critical data for policymakers and stakeholders, supporting sustainable wetland management and aligning with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals relevant to environmental conservation, i.e., clean water and life on land.
Piano Key Weir (PKW)—Improvement in Conventional Geometry for Augmented Discharge Capacity
Authors: Yang James , Li Shicheng
Published: November 2024

The conventional piano key weir (PKW), characterized by a rectangularly cranked planform, is an effective discharge structure. Its hydraulic performance is primarily influenced by several geometrical parameters, including crest length, key width, and weir height. To enhance its hydraulic efficiency, each key is modified with an isosceles triangle at both the crest and the vertical base surface. In this way, the weir crest is extended both up and downstream; the key floor is lowered accordingly, resulting in a triangular prism-shaped floor. Laboratory tests are conducted to compare the hydraulic performance of this modified weir with that of the standard design. The results demonstrate that the geometrical adjustments noticeably improve the overflow discharge. With an equilateral triangle extending the crest length by ~23%, the discharge capacity is enhanced by 16–20% within the examined flow conditions. The modified weir outperforms the conventional design in terms of hydraulic performance. The improvements can be attributed to several factors: elongated crest length enhancing the flow capacity; triangular upstream overhangs improving the inflow condition along the inlet key’s height; lowered inlet key floor increasing the flow volume, promoting better flow movement towards the crest; lowered outlet key floor reducing the submergence effect under high flow conditions; and the triangular crest of the inlet key facilitating jet spreading and promoting air entrainment. These modifications make the redesigned PKW a promising option for improved hydraulic performance in engineering applications.