bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edogawa Rampo’s short story Kagami Jigoku: A Structural Study
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the intrinsic elements found in the short story Kagami Jigoku by Edogawa Rampo. By using structural methods the analysis process  find out the intrinsic elements which builds  the Kagami Jikoku short story. As a result it is known that the Kagami Jikoku is a short story with a mystery theme as the hallmark of Rampo as its author. The characteristic of this short story can be seen from the theme which raised the unusual obsession problem of the main characters. With the first person point of view which tells in unusual way from the other short stories, the regression plot in Kagami Jikoku is able to tell the unique phenomenon of Japanese society and its modern technology through elements of place, time and socio-cultural aspects of Japanese society in the modern era
La participación infantil en proyectos urbanos El juego en espacios públicos para la promoción del aprendizaje de conceptos ambientales
Authors: Polo Garzón Carolina , López Valencia Adriana Patricia
Published: June 2020

Este artículo presenta un estado del arte de la participación infantil en procesos de intervención urbana, planteando la importancia del rol que desempeñan los ciudadanos - especialmente los niños - en la formulación e implementación de proyectos. La reflexión gira alrededor del papel que juegan los niños en los proyectos a partir de su participación como sujetos activos, donde esta participación se configura como un instrumento educativo para mejorar a mediano y largo plazo su desempeño como ciudadanos adultos.El texto incluye el análisis a través de casos de estudio que conjugan el componente ambiental y el componente de participación infantil a través del juego como elemento de experimentación y promoción del aprendizaje vivencial a partir de las experiencias en el entorno urbano construido, resaltando las interacciones entre el diseño urbano, la participación infantil y el aprendizaje de temáticas ambientales para promover el mejoramiento del hábitat urbano.
Applying legal narratives. Some comments on Bernard Jackson’s sociolinguistic approach in legal semiotics
Authors: Pieniążek Marcin
Published: June 2020

In the article some applications of the concept of legal nar­rative are undertaken in the perspective of Bernard Jackson’s legal semiotics. The analysis are developed in the perspective of Polish social and economical changes of recent decades. The leitmotif is constituted by remarks on sociolinguistic aspects of teaching legal narratives in changing reality. In this context a notion of “legal grapholect” is introduced to discuss possible influence of “deep layer” of legal language on evolving Polish law­yers’ language and vernacular. Additionally, issues of semiotic group of lawyers and legal register are discussed on the basis of the sociolinguistic paradigm. Reasoning is enriched by remarks of possible merger of Jackson’s legal semiotics and Ch. Perelman’s theory of legal argumentation.
Lügenbegriffe und Lügenpraxis in der Moderne
Authors: Dietzsch Steffen
Published: June 2020

Lies occupy a surprisingly favorable place within our daily life. As the Polish aphorist Stanisław Jerzy Lec once remarked: if you want to see the lie you need to face the obvious truth. With lies, we do not simply stigmatize the dark part or the “backside” of the humankind. To lie, meaning the ability to deceive, with or without words, even to deceive with the truth (for example in statistics), is one of the intellectual modalities of human existence, as well as an expression of misery. This leads to the paradox: One cannot live with lies or, at the same time, live without them. Lies thus reveal their double nature; they attempt to maintain vivid things, just as they generally tend to destroy them. This double nature of lies makes it impossible to condemn them by means of “ethical conviction”, as Max Weber would put it, or with the words of another famous French philosopher of our present time, Vladimir Jankélévitch, who says that consciousness is already provided with an inner disposi-tion to lie, as a litmus test of its noble and mean sides.
The origins of postmodern moral relativism
Authors: Deng Gang
Published: June 2020

Postmodernism, which emerged in the 1960s, involves a wide range of fields and carries out all-round critical reflections on the foundation, tradition and other aspects of the development of modern civilization. Postmodern morality came into being with the popularity of postmodernism in western countries. It features obvious “de-universality” and provides a new mirror for reflec­tions on modern morality. Its progressive significance cannot be ignored. However, some postmodern moral concepts are becoming increasingly relativistic, even going to extremes, bringing about disturbances to society. Tracing the root of moral relativism back to ancient times based on the great history of its development, this study first sorts out the same gene of ancient Western mor­al relativism – using “skepticism” as a weapon against authority and dogmatism, and points out that the key of using moral rel­ativism lies in seeking the proper limit of “skepticism”. Then it draws forth the fact that postmodern morality started with “skepticism” and prevailed because of its “relativism”, pointing out that some postmodern morality moved toward moral relativ­ism because of persistence in “skepticism”, while some fall into a state of moral nihility by radicalising “skepticism”. If a crafts­man wants to do good work, he must first sharpen his tools. This study concludes with suggestions on how to use the “skepticism” of postmodern morality.
On the construction of the system for forensic psycholinguistics
Authors: Yang Shaogang , Liu Zhuo
Published: June 2020

Forensic psycholinguistics is an emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes use of the psychological methods to analyze the linguistic phenomena in legal activities and therefore it is of the multiple and cross-disciplinary nature. In ancient Chinese culture there were written expressions with thoughts of foren­sic psycholinguistics and its practices. In Western countries the research started from European societies at the end of 19th cen­tury when Münsterberg and Cattell and some other scholars act­ed as the pioneers of this domain. After the WWII the research center of forensic psycholinguistics gradually moved to the Unit­ed States where the research of legal psychology and the use of psychological methods greatly facilitate the study and practic­es of forensic psycholinguistics. Its study object aims at the lin­guistic behavior in such legal activities as legislation, judicial, the obeying of the law and transgression, and its task should be the research on the behavior of the legal language in both levels of consciousness and unconsciousness. The construction of the system for forensic psycholinguistics should start from the perspectives of linguistic psychology of legislation, judicial, the enforcement and obeying of the law and the legal publicity so that a cross-cultural emerging subject with its values of prac­tical application could be created.
“Our mother tongue, then, is no mother at all – but an orphan”: The Mother Tongue and Translation in Ocean Vuong’s On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous
Authors: Neumann Birgit
Published: June 2020

The essay offers a close reading of On Earth We’re Briefly Georgeous, the remarkable novel by Vietnamese American writer Ocean Vuong, showing how the text’s critical engagement with the notion of the mother tongue is used to negotiate subjectivity and community in diasporic contexts. It assesses the importance of the tongue within the broader context of contemporary migrant and transcultural fiction and reveals how the tongue functions as a trope to explore possibilities of self-articulation after the loss of the mother tongue. Further, the essay draws on the concept of translation, exposing both its violent dimensions and its liberating potential within uneven intercultural relationships. Struggling with the unavailability of his mother tongue, Vuong’s central writer-protagonist performs multiple acts of translation between the unequal languages of Vietnamese and English and reconfigures both in terms of their foreignness. These acts of translation materialize in a multilingual poetics that thoroughly unsettles the priority of closed entities and that confronts the organic genealogy inscribed in the “family romance” (Yildiz 2012: 20) of the mother tongue with open, non-identitarian modes of sociality.

I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for Anglia as well as Christina Slopek, Martin A. Kayman and Susan Winnett for generously sharing their thoughts on earlier versions of my article with me.
Changes in the fecal microbiome of the Yangtze finless porpoise during a short-term therapeutic treatment
Authors: You Lei , Ying Congping , Liu Kai , Zhang Xizhao , Lin Danqing , Yin Denghua , Zhang Jialu , Xu Pao
Published: June 2020

The fecal microbiome is an integral part of aquatic mammals, like an inner organ. But we know very little about this inner organ of the threatened aquatic species, Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP). Four YFPs were placed into a purse seine for skin ulceration treatment, and this opportunity was taken to nurse the animals closer. In particular, we collected the feces of the YFPs before and after the paired healing and therapeutic treatment, along with samples of their fish diet and water habitat, to explore the changes in their fecal microbiome. Firmicutes (20.9–96.1%), Proteobacteria (3.8–78.7%), Actinobacteria (0.1–35.0%) and Tenericutes (0.8–17.1%) were the most dominant phyla present in the feces. The proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased after the treatment. Firmicutes showed a significant decrease, and most potential pathogens were absent, which reflected the administration of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Moreover, environmental shifts can also contribute to changes in the fecal microbiome. These results indicate that certain microbial interactions can be affected by environmental shifts, dietary changes and health-care treatments, which can also help maintain the internal environment of YFPs. These findings will inform the future enhanced protection and management of endangered YFPs and other vulnerable aquatic animals.
Contractual Relationships between Investors and Financial Advisors
Authors: Burchardi Sophie
Published: June 2020

Abstract

For investors who are mis-sold financial products, contractual claims against financial advisors are often decisive in compensating losses. The European Court of Justice has decided in its Bankinter judgment that national law must determine the contractual consequences of breaches of the MiFID I (substituted by MiFID II) suitability rule. This article examines the contractual relationships between investors and financial advisors under German, Italian and English law. It highlights the significant differences between the jurisdictions in the questions of when a contractual obligation to give advice arises, which duties must be fulfilled when giving advice and the requirements for damages to be claimed.
Health risk behaviour is associated with psychological distress among school-going adolescents in five association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: June 2020

Objectives

This investigation aimed to study associations between multiple health risk behaviour and psychological distress among in-school adolescents in five association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the 2015 “Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)” included 33,184 students (mean age 14.3 years, standard deviation (SD) = 1.6 years) that were representative of all students in middle school students in Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and Timor-Leste.

Results

The mean prevalence of health risk behaviours was 3.1 (SD = 1.2) (range 0–8), and the prevalence of single psychological distress was 14.6% and multiple psychological distress 8.6%. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, engaging in a greater number of health risk behaviours, being female, older age, food insecurity (experience of hunger) were positively and parental or guardian support and school attendance were negatively associated with both single and multiple psychological distress.

Conclusions

This study confirms that the co-occurrence of multiple health risk behaviours is associated with psychological distress among adolescents, which should be considered when designing intervention programmes in this population.
Influence of inter-turn short circuit on the performance of 10 kV, 1000 kW induction motor
Authors: Yi Ran , Xu Yanan , Qiu Hongbo , Yang Cunxiang , Zhao Xifang
Published: June 2020

As the main power source of the industrial production and mining industry, the health of high-voltage induction motor (HVIM) has attracted extensive attention. The loop current (LC) of the inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault seriously endangers the stability of HVIM. A comparative analysis is made of HVIM in this paper when the motor works under fault conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of ITSC fault on motor performance when the LC is considered and the LC is not considered. In this paper, a 10 kV, 1000 kW HVIM is taken as an example to establish finite element calculation model. By comparing finite element calculation data and test data, the model correctness is verified. Based on the correctness model, the fault models are established. The three-phase current unbalances, torque ripple and losses are studied when the motor works under the different fault conditions. By comparing the three-phase current unbalance, torque ripple and loss of the motor when the LC is considered and the LC is not considered. The influence mechanism of the ITSC fault on three-phase current unbalance, torque ripple and losses are revealed. Based on the above analysis, some references are given for ITSC fault diagnosis and fault degree identification.
Numerical simulation of conductive heat transfer in canned celery stew and retort program adjustment by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Berenjforoush Azar Arezoo , Ramezan Yousef , Khashehchi Morteza
Published: June 2020

In this study, conductive heat transfer was investigated during sterilization in the canned celery stew. A computational fluid dynamics CFD model was developed and validated to predict the temperature profiles and determine the slowest heating zone (SHZ) during the thermal processing. The temperature profile was obtained and recorded experimentally at a point where the coldest thermal point was expected. CFD models were validated against experimental data. The results of the study showed that the SHZ was located at the geometric center of the containers (x = 5.00, y = 1.42, z = 6.75 cm), and the temperature reached 119.5 °C. Root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated and showed a good fit between both methods (RMSE = 1.03). The container geometrical center F0 was estimated to be 13.19 min. For optimization of the process, according to the stew ingredients, especially meat, F0 was about 8 min. Thus, the required holding time was decreased by 5.19 min, and the retort setting was readjusted.
Acts of the State and Representation in Edith Stein
Authors: Taieb Hamid
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the thesis defended by Edith Stein that certain acts can be attributed to the State. According to Stein, the State is a social structure characterized by sovereignty. As such, it is responsible for the production, interpretation, and application of law. These tasks require the performance of acts, most of which are what Stein calls “social acts” like enactments and orders. For Stein, the acts in question are made by the organs of the State, but in the name of the State, and are thus attributed to the State via a relation of representation. In the first section, the paper presents Stein’s thesis that the sovereignty of the State entails a series of legal prerogatives, which in turn result in various social acts being ascribed to the State through its representatives. In the second section, the paper critically discusses Stein’s views, notably her theory of representation, and her account of the nature of the State, while emphasizing its most interesting aspects, namely, its fine-grained analyses of the various acts that are attributed to the State.
Covid-19: natural or anthropic origin?
Authors: Hassanin Alexandre , Grandcolas Philippe , Veron Géraldine
Published: June 2020

Viruses similar to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been discovered in bats of the genus Rhinolophus and in the Sunda pangolin, Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, suggesting that these animals have played a key role in the emergence of the Covid-19 outbreak in the city of Wuhan, China. In this paper, we review the available data for sarbecoviruses (viruses related to SARS-CoV [2002–2003 outbreak] and SARS-CoV-2) to propose all possible hypotheses on the origin of Covid-19, i. e., involving direct transmission from horseshoe bats to humans, indirect transmission via the pangolin or another animal, with interspecies contamination between either wild animals or animals kept in cage. Present evidence indicates that Rhinolophus bats are the natural reservoir of all sarbecoviruses, and that two divergent SARS-CoV-2-like viruses have circulated in southern China (at least in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces) between August 2017 and March 2019 in captive pangolins destined for sale in wildlife markets. We performed a genetic analysis of seven seized pangolins found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2-like virus using mitochondrial DNA sequences extracted from Sequence Reads Archive data. The results reveal that the same SARS-CoV-2-like virus can be found in animals with distinct haplotypes, which means that they were probably captured in different Southeast Asian regions. Our interpretation is that some pangolins were contaminated in captivity (by other pangolins or by another species to be determined), suggesting that illegal trade of living wild mammals is at the origin of the Covid-19 outbreak. To definitely validate this hypothesis, it is however necessary to discover a virus almost identical to SARS CoV-2 (at least 99% of identity) in animals sold in wet markets. Although pangolins are good candidates, other mammals, such as small carnivores, should not be overlooked.
Redemption Restored: The Star in the Context of Modernity
Authors: Goodman-Thau Eveline
Published: June 2020

In retrospect of a century, the philosophical and theological concepts of Franz Rosenzweig’s New Thinking, as developed in the Star of Redemption, are in many aspects a milestone in modernity, reflecting the crisis of the modern Jew and Judaism both historically and politically. The notion of redemption serves here in fact as a paradigm for modernity itself, where the individual attempts to position himself in the tension between religion and secularism, tradition and modernity. This contribution analyses Rosenzweig’s “Jewish journey of redemption”, not only from the perspective of Jewish Messianism, but in the context of modern Jewish thought as a cultural critique (Kulturkritik) in Western tradition, in its philosophical, theological, historical and political aspects.
The crystal structure of poly[bis(μ
4-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylato)-(μ
2-oxalyl dihydrazide)-dicadmium(II) dihydrate], C16H16O12N6Cd2
Authors: Ran Jingwen , Pei Jun , Du Zhiwei
Published: June 2020

C16H16O12N6Cd2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.9709(2) Å, b = 7.1597(2) Å, c = 15.4572(4) Å, β = 108.401(1)°, V = 1047.05(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0168, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0401, T = 297(2) K.
In situsynthesis of expanded graphite embedded with amorphous carbon-coated aluminum particles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhao Tingkai , Peng Xiarong , Yang Lei , Shu Yuan , Jiang Tao , Ahmad Ishaq
Published: June 2020

Expanded graphite embedded with amorphous carbon-coated aluminum particle (C@Al–EG) composites werein situsynthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and ball-milling methods using EG and metallic aluminum as raw materials. Using the characterization and analysis of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, alternating current impedance and first charge–discharge curves, the different Al contents in C@Al–EG composites were studied, and the experimental results show that the best performing content for Al was 30 wt%. The C@Al–EG composites exhibited high capacity, excellent cycle stability and rate performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. At a current density of 100 mA h/g, the first reversible capacity of C@Al–EG composites was 401 mA h/g, and the decreasing speed of capacity was slow, with the specific capacity remaining at 381 mA h/g after 50 cycles. The retention rate was up to 95%.
Effect of nano and micro conductive materials on conductive properties of carbon fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Han Juhong , Wang Dunbin , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2020

In this study, the pressure sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the diphasic electric conduction concrete were investigated by measuring the resistivity using the four-electrode method. The diphasic electric conduction concrete was obtained by mixing nano and micro conductive materials (carbon nanofibers, nano carbon black and steel slag powder) into the carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC). The results indicated that, with the increase of conduction time, the resistivity of CFRC decreased slightly at the initial stage and then became steady, while the resistivity of CFRC containing nano carbon black had a sharp decrease at the dosage of 0.6%. With the increase of compression load, the coefficient of resistivity variation of CFRC containing nano carbon black and steel slag powder changed little. The coefficient of resistivity variation increased with the increase of steel slag powder in the dry environment, and CFRC had preferable pressure sensitivity when the mass fractions of carbon fiber and carbon nanofiber were 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Besides, in the humid environment, the coefficient of resistivity variation decreased with the increase of steel slag powder, and the diphasic electric conduction concrete containing 0.4% carbon fibers and 20% steel slag powder had the best pressure sensitivity under the damp environment. Moreover, in the dry environment, CFRC containing nano and micro conductive materials presented better temperature sensitivity in the heating stage than in the cooling stage no matter carbon nanofiber, nano carbon black or steel slag powder was used, especially for the CFRC containing steel slag powder.
A Lunar People: The Meaning of an Arcadian Epithet, or, Who is the Most Ancient of Them All?
Authors: Dueck Daniela
Published: June 2020

A brief scholion allusion to a “Selenite” community in Arcadia raises a question concerning this epithet and its meaning on the background of similar expressions denoting extreme antiquity. The better known term associated with the Arcadians isProselēnoi, namely, pre-lunar, people who preceded the moon. This term is examined through several options of understanding. At the core of this analysis stands the Classical tendency to highly appreciate early periods of time and early peoples. This opens up a discussion of autochthony and the concept of extreme antiquity, particularly associated with Arcadia. The result is an etymologically based mythographic study centred on the Arcadians’ existence in relation to the first appearance of the moon. The conclusion offers a new interpretation of a neglected term.
Vorzeitiges Ausscheiden aus dem Erwerbsleben frühzeitig erkennen
Authors: Bitzer Eva Maria , Flaig Simone
Published: June 2020

Die Einführung des Gesetzes zur Flexibilisierung des Übergangs vom Erwerbsleben in den Ruhestand und zur Stärkung von Prävention und Rehabilitation im Erwerbsleben (Flexirentengesetz) im Jahr 2017 verpflichtet die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV) zur Erprobung und rentenversicherungsträgerübergreifenden Evaluation einer freiwilligen, individuellen, berufsbezogenen Gesundheitsvorsorge für DRV-Versicherte über 45 Jahre – Ü45-Check.
Schichtarbeit und Gesundheit
Authors: Köhler Michael , Hoenemann Sarah , Altenhöner Thomas
Published: June 2020

Schichtarbeit ist mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen assoziiert. Eine verhältnispräventive Maßnahme besteht in der Einführung ergonomischer Schichtpläne. Die derzeitige Befundlage zu möglichen Effekten ist nicht ausreichend. Im Zusammenhang mit Schichtplananpassungen werden häufig Widerstände von Belegschaften berichtet. Eine Herausforderung scheint im Spagat zwischen einer belastungsreduzierenden Schichtplangestaltung bei gleichzeitig angemessener Beteiligung der Beschäftigten zu liegen.
Vermittlung im Zivilverfahren. Zu Funktionen und Folgen undifferenzierter Konfliktbearbeitung
Authors: Heck Justus
Published: June 2020

Nur ein gutes Viertel aller zivilrechtlichen Gerichtsverfahren endet mit einem streitigen Urteil. Denn Verfahren lassen sich auch über gütliche Vergleiche erledigen, die etwa in der sog. Güteverhandlung geschlossen werden und damit in einem Verfahrensabschnitt, in welchem Richter primär als Vermittler agieren. Nach § 278 ZPO soll der Richter stets beides sein, Richter im Sinne eines Entscheiders und Vermittler. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehe ich den Funktionen der richterlichen Rollenkombination Entscheider/Vermittler und der damit verknüpften undifferenzierten Konfliktbearbeitung zwischen Gerichtsverfahren und Vermittlung nach. Die These ist, dass die Vermittlung in Gerichtsverfahren Legitimationsgewinne erzielt. Allerdings werden die Legitimationszuwächse mit Folgeproblemen erkauft, so z. B., wenn Parteien richterliche Vergleichsvorschläge als Voreingenommenheit oder Warnungen vor den negativen Konsequenzen eines Gerichtsverfahrens als indirekte Drohungen interpretieren. Ferner skizziere ich, wie die Folgeprobleme in der sozialen Praxis abgefedert werden, etwa indem Güterichter nur als Vermittler agieren. Diese Lösungen der Folgeprobleme haben selber wiederum nachzuzeichnende Konsequenzen.
Die Interaktionsordnung strafrechtlicher Hauptverhandlungen: Strukturelemente ihres Vollzugs und die Bewältigung von Identitätsproblemen
Authors: Liebler Carina , Zifonun Dariuš
Published: June 2020

Der Beitrag folgt Luhmanns These, der zufolge die Legitimation des politischen Systems durch das verfahrensförmige Gefügig-Machen der Beteiligten bewerkstelligt wird und fragt danach, über welche Strukturelemente die Interaktionsordnung der Hauptverhandlung von Strafverfahren verfügt, mit deren Hilfe diese realisiert wird. Er folgt dabei der Annahme, dass diese interaktionalen Regeln und Mechanismen (und nicht die Rechtsordnung oder die Einsicht der Beteiligten) Legitimation sichern, indem sie den Verfahrensbeteiligten Hilfsmittel an die Hand geben, Identitätsgefährdungen zu bewältigen. Für Luhmann war dies, im Fall des Unterlegenen im Zivilverfahren, insbesondere die prozessuale Lockerung der Ansprüche des Verlierers. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird gezeigt, dass für Angeklagte in Strafverfahren, die ein Geständnis ablegen, eine andere Identitätsbedrohung zu bewältigen ist: Die intime Bindung ihrer Schuld an ihre Person, die das Verfahren erzwingt und für alle Anwesenden wahrnehmbar macht, macht es erforderlich, im Sinne Goffmans korrektiv tätig zu werden. Die Interaktionsordnung der strafrechtlichen Hauptverhandlung samt der Erwartungen an die Rollendarstellungen hält für diese Korrekturen verschiedene Stellen und Mittel bereit, die nicht ohne den Rückgriff auf außerrechtliches Wissen zu verstehen sind.
Populismus in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Resilienz und Vulnerabilität von Wahlverfahren
Authors: Itschert Adrian
Published: June 2020

Der Artikel untersucht für den Zeitraum vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart die Dynamiken, Risiken und Folgeprobleme populistischer Strategien in den Wahlverfahren der Vereinigten Staaten. Ausgangspunkt ist die verfahrenssoziologische These, dass die Strukturen des Verfahrens, die der Legitimation politischer Entscheidungen dienen, auch strategisch dafür genutzt werden können, um das Verfahren entgleiten zu lassen. Da Wahlen unter anderem die Funktion innehaben, gesellschaftliche Konflikte politisch zu entschärfen, müssen die Parteien entscheiden können, welche gesellschaftlichen Konfliktlinien sie in der Wahl thematisieren. Die Funktionstüchtigkeit von Wahlen hängt aber davon ab, dass die Parteiensysteme weder bestimmte gesellschaftliche Konfliktlinien komplett unterdrücken noch zur Eskalation dieser Konfliktlinien beitragen. Populistische Strömungen tauchen auf, wenn das Konfliktthematisierungspotential eines nationalen Parteiensystems dramatisch abnimmt. Populistische Parteien können dabei die Thematisierung politisch tabuisierter Konflikte erzwingen oder gesellschaftliche Ressentiments bedienen, um sich zum Sprachrohr der schweigenden Mehrheit zu erklären. Populismus kann aber auch das Ergebnis der Polarisierung der das Parteiensystem definierenden Konfliktlinien sein. Der Artikel unterscheidet dabei historisch drei Formen des Populismus: den inklusionserweiternden Protopopulismus bis 1830, den Populismus ephemerer dritter Parteien bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und den Populismus polarisierter Catch-All-Parteien seit 1930.
Legitimationsdefizite des chinesischen Rechtswesens: Blockierte Ausdifferenzierung, Folgeprobleme und Kompensationsversuche
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang Ludwig
Published: June 2020

Der Aufsatz wirft am Beispiel Chinas die Frage auf, inwiefern die rasche Entfaltung der Ökonomie auch zur Ausdifferenzierung des Rechtswesens aus der politisch-administrativen Sphäre drängt und untersucht, welche Folgen es hat, wenn die Autonomisierung des Rechtswesens gegenüber Parteipolitik und Verwaltung blockiert ist. Nach der einleitenden theoretischen Diskussion des Verhältnisses zwischen Parteipolitik, Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung in konkurrenzdemokratischen Mehrparteiensystemen sowie ideologisch integrierten Einparteiensystemen wird gezeigt, dass (1.) die rasche ökonomische Entwicklung in der post-maoistischen Ära mit dem Neuaufbau des Rechtswesens und einem enormen Wachstum der rechtlich bearbeiteten Konflikte verbunden war; dass (2.) die politisch blockierte Autonomisierung des Rechtswesens Rechtsunsicherheit, mangelnde Legitimität gerichtlicher Verfahren, die Unterminierung der zentralstaatlichen Kontrolle der politisch-administrativen Peripherie und die Gefährdung der politischen Legitimation des Zentrums zur Folge hat; dass (3.) Versuche zur Lösung dieser Probleme durch kompensatorische Ersatzeinrichtungen wie administrative Leistungsbewertungssysteme, Petitionswesen und Mediation fehlgeschlagen sind und (4.) tendenziell eine Verschärfung dieser Probleme beobachtet werden kann.
Perspektivität durch Verfahren. Zur Funktion des Deutschen Ethikrats
Authors: Barth Niklas , Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild
Published: June 2020

Dieser Beitrag fragt nach der Funktion des Deutschen Ethikrats (ER) und beantwortet diese Frage aus einer verfahrenssoziologischen Perspektive. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es dem ER als Verfahren gelingt, Perspektivendifferenzen einer funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft zu entdramatisieren, indem sich hier funktionale Äquivalente einer Konsens- und Verständigungspraxis etablieren. Anstatt die fehlenden Ressourcen des ER zur Anbahnung von Entscheidungen zu beklagen, arbeiten unsere Analysen von Wortprotokollen des ER vielmehr drei latente Verfahrensfunktionen heraus. Als Verfahren nutzt der ER die Inkommensurabilität unterschiedlicher Perspektiven geradezu als Ressource, wenn er vorführt, dass sich Wissen zur Fundierung einer Entscheidung eben nicht auf lediglich einen guten Grund gründen lässt (1). Darüber hinaus stellt die epistemische Politik des ER die Differenz unterschiedlicher sachlicher Perspektiven in ihrem Konflikt aus (2). Im ER wird dabei eine Form ethischer Rede sichtbar, die sich nicht als interaktionsnah gebaute moralische Achtung realisiert, sondern als verfahrensgebundene ethische Expertenkommunikation (3).
Legitimation durch Verfahren – was bleibt?
Authors: Machura Stefan
Published: June 2020

1969 veröffentlichte Niklas Luhmann sein Buch „Legitimation durch Verfahren“. An die Publikation schloss sich eine lebhafte Diskussion in der deutschsprachigen Literatur an. Im Gegensatz zur vorherrschenden Meinung beschrieb Luhmann, wie Institutionen ihre Legitimität selbst produzieren: Sie tun dies mittels des sozialen Mechanismus‘ des Verfahrens, wobei die individuellen Intentionen der beteiligten Parteien kaum eine Rolle spielen. Heute zeigen empirische Studien, dass die Fairness des Verfahrens entscheidend ist für die Akzeptanz der Entscheidungen und die Legitimität der Autoritäten. Darüber hinaus ist das Verhalten der Personen, die die Autorität repräsentieren, von größter Bedeutung. Der Beitrag weist nach, dass die Verfahren selbst fair erscheinen müssen, um Legitimation zu erlangen. Dies kann als eine Entwicklung von der Legitimation durch Verfahren zu Legitimation durch faire Verfahren charakterisiert werden.
Land-use and cultivation in theetaghasof the Tadrart Acacus (south-west Libya): the dawn of Saharan agriculture?
Authors: di Lernia Savino , Massamba N'Siala Isabella , Mercuri Anna Maria , Zerboni Andrea
Published: June 2020

The hyperarid climate of the central Sahara precludes permanent agriculture, although occasional temporary ponds, oretaghas,as a result of rain-fed flooding of wadi beds in the Tadrart Acacus Mountains of the Libyan Sahara allow the pastoral Kel Tadrart Tuareg to cultivate cereals. Geoarchaeological and archaeological data, along with radiocarbon dating and evidence from rock art, however, suggest a much greater antiquity for the exploitation of these etaghas. The authors propose that the present-day cultivation of etaghas mirrors attempts at flood-recession or rain-fed cultivation by late prehistoric Pastoral Neolithic groups, who first exploited residual water resources to supplement their pastoral subsistence practices.
Medieval long-wall construction on the Mongolian Steppe during the eleventh to thirteenth centuries AD
Authors: Shelach-Lavi Gideon , Wachtel Ido , Golan Dan , Batzorig Otgonjargal , Amartuvshin Chunag , Ellenblum Ronnie , Honeychurch William
Published: June 2020

The long walls of China and the Eurasian Steppe are considered to have functioned as either defensive structures against aggressive nomadic tribes, or as elements to control the movement of local nomadic groups following imperialist expansion. This article focuses on a hitherto understudied 737km-long medieval wall running from northern China into north-eastern Mongolia. Built by either the Liao or Jin Dynasties, the wall features numerous auxiliary structures that hint at its function. In research relevant to interpreting other Eurasian and global wall-building episodes, the authors employ extensive archaeological survey and GIS analysis to understand better the reasons behind the wall's construction, as well as its various possible functions.
Brochs and beyond: excavations at Old Scatness, Shetland
Authors: Gilmour Simon , Henderson Jon
Published: June 2020

Completely unknown until 1975, when it was revealed during the construction of a new road, Old Scatness is a multi-period site that has provided unequivocal evidence dating broch construction to the mid first millennium cal BC, alongside a firmly dated sequence that is crucial to understanding the long Iron Age in Atlantic Scotland. Excavations were carried out at the site between 1995 and 2006 by local volunteers and staff and students from the University of Bradford in a collaborative project led by Bradford and Shetland Amenity Trust. The first volume, The Pictish village and Viking settlement, covering around 1000 years from 400 cal AD–1400 cal AD, appeared in 2010. It was followed by The broch and Iron Age village in 2015, which considered pre-broch occupation from the Neolithic, but focused on the construction of the broch village from the mid first millennium cal BC. The third and final volume, The post-medieval township, published in 2019, examines the settlement evidence from the late fifteenth century AD to the end of the twentieth century AD, placing it within the historic context of the documentary evidence for the period. Given the complexity of the excavations, the range of scientific methods employed and the comprehensive nature of the published volumes, this is an impressive turnaround. As a set, these three volumes represent the full publication of an extraordinary occupation sequence spanning over 2500 years, allowing a detailed reconstruction of the changing social and economic role of a location in Shetland from the development of an enclosed broch, through a period of Norse occupation to a final phase as a nineteenth-century AD croft.
Marking the sacral landscape of a north Arabian oasis: a sixth-millennium BC monumental stone platform and surrounding burials
Authors: Munoz Olivia , Cotty Marianne , Charloux Guillaume , Bouchaud Charlène , Monchot Hervé , Marquaire Céline , Zazzo Antoine , Crassard Rémy , Brunet Olivier , Boschloos Vanessa , al-Malki Thamer
Published: June 2020

Prehistoric stone structures are prominent and well-studied in the Levantine desert margins. In northern Arabia, however, such structures have received less attention. This article presents the results of investigations of a 35m-long stone platform, first constructed in the mid sixth millennium BC, overlooking the oasis of Dûmat al-Jandal in northern Saudi Arabia. Excavation of the platform has yielded bioarchaeological and cultural remains, along with evidence for several phases of construction and intermittent use down to the first millennium BC. Analysis of the platform and nearby tombs highlights the persistent funerary and ritual use of this area over millennia, illuminating nomadic pastoralist lifeways in prehistoric Arabia.
History, archaeology and memory of the Swahili-Arab in the Maniema, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Arazi Noemie , Bigohe Suzanne , Luna Olivier Mulumbwa , Mambu Clément , Matonda Igor , Senga Georges , Smith Alexandre Livingstone
Published: June 2020

A research project focused on the cultural heritage of the Swahili-Arab in the Democratic Republic of Congo has confirmed the location of their former settlement in Kasongo, one of the westernmost trading entrepôts in a network of settlements connecting Central Africa with Zanzibar. This project represents the first time archaeological investigations, combined with oral history and archival data, have been used to understand the Swahili-Arab legacy in the DRC.
Design of a 720-mm Square Direct Shear Box and Investigation of the Impact of Boundary Conditions on Large-Scale Measured Strength
Authors: Molina Sandra Linero , Bradfield Leonie , Fityus Stephen G. , Simmons John V. , Lizcano Arcesio
Published: June 2020

Large-scale direct-shear equipment is described and experimental results are presented showing the influence of test boundary conditions on direct shear strength. The equipment was constructed at the University of Newcastle in 2013 for testing square samples up to 720 mm and applying vertical loads up to 4 MPa. Its boundary conditions were modified in 2017 to better comply with the testing philosophy in standards. The main modifications introduced include full compensation for normal load eccentricity induced in the original arrangement and the introduction of a system that would allow the installation of a seamless gap between shear box halves before shearing. Additional modifications considered the restriction of unwanted carriage spinning during lateral displacement and reduction of frictional force between the specimen and the vertical walls of the box. After the modifications were introduced, implementing a careful method for sample construction, repeatability of the friction angle at large displacement in the range of 1° was achieved among single tests. Further equipment improvement strategies were identified.
Tolerance to Hypoxia Is Promoted by FOXO Regulation of the Innate Immunity Transcription Factor NF-κB/Relish in Drosophila
Authors: Barretto Elizabeth C , Polan Danielle M , Beevor-Potts Amy N , Lee Byoungchun , Grewal Savraj S
Published: June 2020

Our cells and organs need oxygen from the air we breathe in order to survive. However, although air contains twenty percent oxygen, our cells are exposed to much lower levels....
Mokėjimo sistema LITAS: dabartis ir perspektyva
Authors: Bikas Egidijus , Novickytė Lina
Published: June 2020

Pastaruosius kelis dešimtmečius pastebima finansų rinkų plėtra. Šią plėtrą labiausiai lėmė technologijų raida, finansų rinkų reglamentavimo panaikinimas ir naujų finansinių instrumentų atsiradimas. Finansų rinkų plėtra lemia mokėjimo sandorių tarp šalių ir šalies viduje skaičiaus didėjimą. Todėl reikėtų pamąstyti apie mokėjimo sistemas, jų veiklos efektyvumą lemiančius veiksnius, nes šiandienos finansų pasaulis yra neįsivaizduojamas be efektyviai ir sklandžiai veikiančios mokėjimo sistemos.Straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti mokėjimo sistemos LITAS svarbą tarpbankiniams atsiskaitymams ir numatyti veiklos tobulinimo kryptis. Naudoti metodai: statistinė analizė ir apibendrinimai, SSGG ir lyginamoji analizė.
Web Quality in Lithuanian Financial Institution: a Comparison with the EU Results
Authors: Bonsón-Ponte Enrique , Cortijo-Gallego Virginia , EscobarRodriguez Tomás
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to analyse the navigation quality of the websites of Lithuanian banks. Information completeness for investors ensures the correct functioning of capital markets. In banking environments, this goal is reached by increasing the use of the corporate Website. For this reason, to ensure the quality of these online resources is one of the most important challenges for central banks and financial authorities. The content of the corporate Websites is being regulated by the Basel II initiatives, but navigation quality is not being observed by regulators. Since this variable has a significant impact on the quality of a web site and can generate competitive advantages, it is necessary to analyse the current practices of financial entities.Financial institutions located in Lithuania find themselves in a rather special situation because the entry of this country into the EU means that they have to adapt to a new cultural environment and incorporate its symbols, rules, institutionalized beliefs and normative systems. One of these is the need to adopt transparent reporting practices in consonance with the rest of European countries. Therefore, the navigation quality in Lithuanian banks is analysed in this paper, the entity size is also considered as a possible variable of explanation, and a comparison with EU result is made, in order to detect competition disadvantages. To reach this goal, each website of the main Lithuanian financial entities is rated on the basis of a series of metrics that measure the quality of navigation, in accordance with the Web Quality Model developed by Calero et al. (2005).Our results show that Lithuanian financial entities are aware of the importance of online resources because the quality of navigation of their websites is high compared with the results reached by the European sample. As a consequence of this fact, it can be concluded that the Lithuanian financial sector is correctly prepared to confront the challenge of the EU framework.
Streso darbe ekonominis kontekstas
Authors: Kulvinskienė Violeta Raimonda , Bandzienė Agnė
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojamos streso darbe ir jo padarinių vertinimo teorinės pozicijos, įvairių socialinių demografinių grupių streso darbe lygis, streso darbe padariniai, šio streso valdymo strategijų taikymas. Pateikiami streso darbe lygio ir streso darbe valdymo strategijų sąlyginio efektyvumo Lietuvos automatikos ir elektrotechnikos įmonėse tyrimo rezultatai.
Finansinių ataskaitų klastojimas - rinkos ekonomikos ir globalizacijos procesų palydovas
Authors: Lakis Vaclovas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos finansinių ataskaitų klastojimo ir apgaulės sąvokos, klastojimo tikslai ir aplinkybės, kurios gali išprovokuoti finansinių ataskaitų klastojimą. Analizuojama informacija apie finansinių ataskaitų klastojimą Lietuvoje ir kitose šalyse, sisteminami klastojimo motyvai, priemonės ir požymiai. Nagrinėjami galimi finansinių ataskaitų klastojimo padariniai ir taikomos priemonės, kovojant su šiuo reiškiniu, jų veiksmingumas.
Lietuvos socialinio draudimo pensijų dalinio privatizavimo tikslai ir rezultatai
Authors: Lazutka Romas
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama prieš penkerius metus pradėta Lietuvos socialinio draudimo senatvės pensijų struktūrinė reforma, kurios metu dalis socialinio draudimo įmokų pervedama į gyventojų pasirinktus privačius pensijų fondus. Šio straipsnio tikslas - apžvelgti reformos pradžioje jai keltus tikslus, įvertinti jų pagrįstumą socialinės apsaugos ekonomikos teorijos požiūriu, išanalizuoti pradinius pensijų reformos rezultatus. Siekiant šio tikslo išanalizuotas pensijų reformų regione pobūdis, socialinio draudimo pensijų dalinio privatizavimo Lietuvoje ypatybės, kelti privatizavimo tikslai ir besiformuojanti privačių pensijų rinką Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje remiamasi pasaulyje gerai žinomų pensijų ekonomikos tyrėjų publikacijomis, pensijų reformą reglamentuojančiais Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymais, Lietuvos valstybės institucijų skelbiama ekonomine ir socialine statistika.Autoriaus atlikta analizė rodo, kad privačių pensijų fondų klientų asmeninėse kaupiamosiose pensijų sąskaitose kaupiamo turto investicijų grąža nepadengia nuostolių, kuriuos jie patirs dėl dalinio pasitraukimo iš socialinio draudimo pensijų sistemos. Straipsnyje taip pat parodyta minėtos pensijų reformos našta, kuri tenka dabartiniams pensininkams. Pagrindinė straipsnio išvada - reformos tikslai buvo per daug ideologizuoti, o pirminiai rezultatai nepalankūs nei dabartiniams, nei būsimiems pensininkams. Lietuvoje 2004 metais įvykdytos pensijų reformos analizė akademinėje literatūroje pateikiama pirmą kartą.
Lithuania’s Competitiveness: Myths, Realities and Perspectives
Authors: Rojaka Jekaterina
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the concept of national competitiveness and favourable business environment is broadly associated with economic development. The countries are increasingly paying attention to their competitiveness on global markets by promoting national programs and founding institutions aimed at tackling competitiveness issues. A number of leading international organizations, research institutes and business entities carry out global comparative studies on nation’s competitiveness. However, the global competitiveness ranking results are often inconsistent with economic trends. This raises a question whether the international competitiveness ran kings provide a proper guidance for an individual economy in improving the business environment. The paper aims at revealing the factors behind the discrepancies in evaluating a national competitiveness by international institutions and national agents. The analysis is based on the datasets of two influential publications - Doing Business (the World Bank) and Global Competitiveness Report (World Economic Forum). The study was enriched by a questionnaire, specially tailored to assess the most problematic issues in measuring the business and investment environment. The research has shown that the international comparisons only partially correspond to the national perception of competitiveness. The paper also addresses policy insights for enhancing Lithuania’s competitiveness.
Ambā: la venganza femenina en el Mahābhārata
Authors: Morales Harley Roberto
Published: June 2020

Ambā es un personaje femenino que es agraviado por Bhīṣma y que, posteriormente, toma venganza por cuenta propia como el personaje masculino Śikhaṇḍin. El trabajo contextualiza la posición de las mujeres, tanto en la India antigua como en la literatura épica sánscrita, y analiza el mito en su fuente sánscrita (MBh. I, 94-100; V, 170-197; VI, 108-119), a partir de la terminología para referirse a la “venganza” (pratikāra) y a la “femineidad” (strītva).