bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrative approach of the use of recycled concrete aggregate in high‐rise buildings: Example of the Elysium
Authors: Ulucan Muhammed , Alyamac Kursat Esat
Published: August 2022

The primary purpose of this study is to examine in detail the mechanical, environmental, and economic properties of concrete produced using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in different ratios. This study used RCAs obtained from construction and demolition wastes (CDW) that emerged after the 24 January 2020 Sivrice‐Elazig earthquake to produce recycled aggregate concretes. The ultimate aim of this study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these structures in terms of mechanical, environmental, and economic properties if RCA will be used at certain rates in high‐rise private buildings built with natural aggregate concrete (NAC) in Elazig. For this purpose, concretes with all natural aggregates, all recycled aggregates, and both natural aggregates and recycled aggregates were produced. A mathematical model was developed using response surface method to predict the mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate concretes (RCACs) by utilizing the compressive strength values of the produced concretes. Then, the component amounts of RCACs, which have the same compressive strength as the compressive strength values of the NAC used in Elysium, which was chosen as a sample building in Elazig, were estimated. Considering the estimated component amounts, environmental impact assessments and feasibility analyses were made according to four different scenarios, including parameters such as cement amount, chemical additive amount, the cost difference between RCA‐natural coarse aggregate, and transportation distance. As a result of these evaluations and analyses, it was foresighted that using RCA would provide significant advantages in buildings produced using large amounts of concrete. This foresight is exemplified by the Elysium buildings. As a result, it was determined that the use of RCAs is appropriate, especially the concrete produced with aggregates obtained from CDW is more important for a sustainable environment, and the use of RCAs in high‐rise buildings built using large amounts of concrete can provide significant environmental and economic advantages.
Research on Electromechanical Model of Multistage Synchronous Induction Launcher
Authors: Guan Xiaocun , Yuan Lida , Guan Shaohua
Published: August 2022

Based on current filament method, the model of multistage synchronous induction coil launcher is established. The model considers the coupling effects between the drive coils, between the drive coils and each piece of armature, and between each piece of armature. In addition, in the launching process, the effect of drive coil and armature resistance and inductance generated by skin effect, magnetoresistive effect and current heating effect are taken into consideration. Finally, the 5‐stage synchronous induction coil launcher is designed and manufactured. Dynamic launch experiments are designed to verify the correctness of the model. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
N‐Heterocyclic Imine‐Stabilized Binuclear Tin(II) Cations: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Application
Authors: Zhao Xuan‐Xuan , Kelly John A. , Kostenko Arseni , Fujimori Shiori , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2022

The reaction of Cp*Sn[OTf] (Cp*=C5Me5; OTf=O3SCF3) with one equivalent of IPrNLi (IPrN=bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐iminato) resulted in the binuclear [OTf]‐bridged tin complex 1. Similarly, the [BF4]‐bridged bimetallic complex 2 was synthesized by the reaction of Cp*Sn[BF4] with IPrNLi (1 eq.). It was also possible to prepare 1 from 2 via an anion exchange reaction. The high‐yield conversion of 2 into the binuclear iodostannylene [IPrNSnI]2 3 was accomplished by treatment with LiI. The catalytic potential of 1 and 2 was demonstrated in the hydroboration of carbonyls.
Exclusive semileptonic B → πℓνℓ and Bs → Kℓνℓ decays through unitarity and lattice QCD
Authors: Martinelli Guido , Simula Silvano , Vittorio Ludovico
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element ∣Vub∣ is obtained from exclusive semileptonic B → πℓνℓ and Bs→ Kℓνℓ decays adopting the unitarity-based dispersion matrix approach for the determination of the hadronic form factors (FFs) in the whole kinematical range. We use lattice computations of the relevant susceptibilities and of the FFs in the large-q2 regime in order to derive their behavior in the low-q2 region without assuming any specific momentum dependence and without constraining their shape using experimental data. Then, we address the extraction of |Vub| from the experimental data, obtaining |Vub| = (3.62 ± 0.47) · 10−3 from B → π and |Vub| = (3.77 ± 0.48) · 10−3 from Bs→ K, which after averaging yield |Vub| = (3.69 ± 0.34) · 10−3. These results are compatible with the most recent inclusive value |Vub|incl = 4.13 (26) · 10−3 at the 1σ level. We also present purely theoretical estimates of the ratio of the τ/μ decay rates $$ {R}_{\pi (K)}^{\tau /\mu } $$

R

π

K

τ
/
μ

, the normalized forward-backward asymmetry $$ {\overline{\mathcal{A}}}_{FB}^{\ell, \pi (K)} $$

A
¯

FB

ℓ
,
π

K

and the normalized lepton polarization asymmetry $$ {\overline{\mathcal{A}}}_{\mathrm{polar}}^{\ell, \pi (K)} $$

A
¯

polar

ℓ
,
π

K

.
Quasi-sterile neutrinos from dark sectors. Part I. BSM matter effects in neutrino oscillations and the short-baseline anomalies.
Authors: Alves Daniele S. M. , Louis William C. , deNiverville Patrick G.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Quasi-sterile neutrinos are a natural consequence of dark sectors interacting with the Standard Model (SM) sector via neutrino- and vector-portals. Essentially, quasi-sterile neutrinos are light dark sector fermions with two generic properties: (i) they mix with the active neutrinos of the SM, and (ii) they are charged under a vector mediator that couples feebly to SM matter. Various interesting phenomenological consequences result from this class of particles. In this article, we investigate one such consequence: new, beyond the SM matter effects that can alter in-medium neutrino oscillations. In particular, for special windows of energy and matter densities, active neutrinos can resonantly oscillate into sterile neutrinos. We take advantage of this feature to build a quasi-sterile neutrino model that can explain the MiniBooNE and LSND anomalies, while remaining compatible with observations from long-baseline reactor- and accelerator-based neutrino experiments. This model is also likely compatible with the recent results reported by the MicroBooNE collaboration (albeit we cannot precisely quantify this claim due to a lack of information in MicroBooNE’s public data releases to date). Implications for solar neutrinos and νe disappearance searches are also briefly discussed.
The complete search for the supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: He Weikun , Li Tianjun , Sun Rui
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We construct a systematic method to build all the possible three-family$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from Type IIA orientifolds on 𝕋6/(ℤ2×ℤ2) with intersecting D6-branes, in which the SU(4)C×SU(2)L×SU(2)Rgauge symmetry can be broken down to the SU(3)C×SU(2)L×U(1)YStandard Model gauge symmetry by the D-brane splitting and supersymmetry preserving Higgs mechanism. This is essentially achieved by solving all the common solutions for three generation conditions, RR tadpole cancellation conditions, and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetry conditions with deterministic algorithm. We find that there are 202752 possible supersymmetric Pati-Salam models in total, and show that there are only 33 independent models with different gauge coupling relations at GUTs scale after modding out equivalent relations, such as T-dualities, etc. In particular, there is one and only one independent model which has gauge coupling unification. Furthermore, one can construct other types of intersecting D-brane models utilizing such deterministic algorithm, and therefore we suggest a brand new method for D-brane model building.
Narain CFTs and error-correcting codes on finite fields
Authors: Yahagi Shinichiro
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We construct Narain CFTs from self-dual codes on the finite field Fp through even self-dual lattices for any prime p > 2. Using this correspondence, we can relate the spectral gap and the partition function of the CFT to the error correction capability and the extended enumerator polynomial of the code. In particular, we calculate specific spectral gaps of CFTs constructed from codes and compare them with the largest spectral gap among all Narain CFTs.
Quantitative mapping of mercury and selenium in mushroom fruit bodies with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Braeuer Simone , Van Helden Tom , Van Acker Thibaut , Leroux Olivier , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Verbeken Annemieke , Borovička Jan , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: August 2022

This work describes the development of a novel method for quantitative mapping of Hg and Se in mushroom fruit body tissues with laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Different parameters of the protocol for preparation of the standards used for quantification via external calibration were assessed, e.g., the dissolution temperature of gelatin standards and the addition of chitosan and l-cysteine as additives to the gelatin-based calibration droplets to better match the sample matrix. While chitosan was not suited for this purpose, the presence of l-cysteine considerably improved the figures of merit of the calibration, leading to limits of detection of 0.006 and 0.3 µg g−1 for Hg and Se, respectively, at a pixel size of 20 × 20 µm. Further, an in-house reference material, ideally suited for the validation of the method for application to mushroom samples, was successfully prepared from a paste of Boletus edulis. The newly developed method was used to investigate the distribution of Hg and Se in tissue sections of five porcini mushroom individuals of three different species (Boletus edulis, Boletus aereus, and Boletus pinophilus) and one sample of a parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera). For one sample, additional areas were ablated at higher spatial resolution, with a laser spot size down to 5 µm, which allows a detailed investigation of the spatial distribution of Hg and Se in mushrooms.

Graphical abstract
Comparing lesion and feature selections to predict progression in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with FDG PET/CT radiomics features
Authors: Eertink Jakoba J. , Zwezerijnen Gerben J. C. , Cysouw Matthijs C. F. , Wiegers Sanne E. , Pfaehler Elisabeth A. G. , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , van der Holt Bronno , Hoekstra Otto S. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Zijlstra Josée M. , Boellaard Ronald
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Biomarkers that can accurately predict outcome in DLBCL patients are urgently needed. Radiomics features extracted from baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT scans have shown promising results. This study aims to investigate which lesion- and feature-selection approaches/methods resulted in the best prediction of progression after 2 years.

Methods

A total of 296 patients were included. 485 radiomics features (n = 5 conventional PET, n = 22 morphology, n = 50 intensity, n = 408 texture) were extracted for all individual lesions and at patient level, where all lesions were aggregated into one VOI. 18 features quantifying dissemination were extracted at patient level. Several lesion selection approaches were tested (largest or hottest lesion, patient level [all with/without dissemination], maximum or median of all lesions) and compared to the predictive value of our previously published model. Several data reduction methods were applied (principal component analysis, recursive feature elimination (RFE), factor analysis, and univariate selection). The predictive value of all models was tested using a fivefold cross-validation approach with 50 repeats with and without oversampling, yielding the mean cross-validated AUC (CV-AUC). Additionally, the relative importance of individual radiomics features was determined.

Results

Models with conventional PET and dissemination features showed the highest predictive value (CV-AUC: 0.72–0.75). Dissemination features had the highest relative importance in these models. No lesion selection approach showed significantly higher predictive value compared to our previous model. Oversampling combined with RFE resulted in highest CV-AUCs.

Conclusion

Regardless of the applied lesion selection or feature selection approach and feature reduction methods, patient level conventional PET features and dissemination features have the highest predictive value.

Trial registration number and date: EudraCT: 2006–005174-42, 01–08-2008.
Criteria for Preliminary Risk Assessment of Brownfield Site: An International Survey of Experts
Authors: Mahammedi Charf , Mahdjoubi Lamine , Booth Colin , Bowman Russell , Butt Talib E.
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive risk assessment of brownfield sites requires a broad range of knowledge and multi-disciplinary expertise. Whilst the identification of criteria requirements for preliminary risk assessment has received some attention, there appears to be no studies that have specifically examined professional perspectives relating to these requirements. Yet, variations in professional practitioners’ assessments may have significant consequences for the assessment of risks, and how the criteria are imparted to stakeholders. This study aims to identify the criteria requirements for preliminary risk assessment, using the pollutant linkage model (Source–Pathway–Receptor), and explores cross-disciplinary professional perspectives related to these requirements. To this end, this study commenced with a systematic review to identify various criteria streams required for the preliminary risk assessment of brownfield sites. Thereafter, a questionnaire survey was design and shared with brownfield site professionals. Quantitative analysis of the survey responses (n = 76) reveals disciplines have markedly different priorities relating to the same hazard. For instance, geophysicists, geochemists, and hydrologists do not raise concerns regarding ground movement that can result from the removal of storage and tanks, whilst the same hazard was considered as having a high importance by other professions (such as geologists and geotechnical engineers). This example, amongst others revealed in the study, underpins potential issues and implications for various stakeholders compiling and/or using preliminary risk assessment criteria. This study clarifies both the key criteria requirements for the preliminary risk assessment of brownfield sites, as well as the importance of recognising how variation in professionals’ perceptions plays in the risk assessment process. Although, specialist knowledge is essential for brownfield site investigation, so is the maintaining a broad-based view of other experts coming from different backgrounds, as this renders holistic risk assessment insights.
Outcomes After Major Surgical Procedures in Octogenarians: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Elfrink Arthur K. E. , Alberga Anna J. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Scheurs Wilhelmina H. , van der Geest Lydia G. M. , Verhagen Hence J. M. , Dekker Jan‐Willem T. , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Klaase Joost M. ,   DICA Study Group, Voeten Daan M. , Suurmeijer J. Annelie , Warps Anne‐Loes , van der Woude Lisa , Detering Robin , Wolfhagen Nienke
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Aging of the worldwide population has been observed, and postoperative outcomes could be worse in elderly patients. This nationwide study assessed trends in number of surgical resections in octogenarians regarding various major surgical procedures and associated postoperative outcomes.

Methods

All patients who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2018 were included from Dutch nationwide quality registries regarding esophageal, stomach, pancreas, colorectal liver metastases, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). For each quality registry, the number of patients who were 80 years or older (octogenarians) was calculated per year. Postoperative outcomes were length of stay (LOS), 30 day major morbidity and 30 day mortality between octogenarians and younger patients.

Results

No increase in absolute number and proportion of octogenarians that underwent surgery was observed. Median LOS was higher in octogenarians who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, colorectal liver metastases, lung cancer, pancreatic disease and esophageal cancer. 30 day major morbidity was higher in octogenarians who underwent surgery for colon cancer, esophageal cancer and elective AAA‐repair. 30 day mortality was higher in octogenarians who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic disease, esophageal cancer and elective AAA‐repair. Median LOS decreased between 2014 and 2018 in octogenarians who underwent surgery for stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. 30 day major morbidity decreased between 2014 and 2018 in octogenarians who underwent surgery for colon cancer. No trends were observed in octogenarians regarding 30 day mortality between 2014 and 2018.

Conclusion

No increase over time in absolute number and proportion of octogenarians that underwent major surgery was observed in the Netherlands. Postoperative outcomes were worse in octogenarians.
Predischarge cerebral oxygenation and psychomotor outcome in very preterm infants: is there an association?
Authors: Martini Silvia , Savini Silvia , Sansavini Alessandra , Corvaglia Luigi
Published: August 2022

This observational study aimed to investigate whether predischarge cerebral oxygenation (CrSO2), monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy, correlates with later psychomotor outcome in very preterm infants. Infants <32 weeks’ gestation or <1500 g without evidence of major brain lesions underwent a 3-h continuous CrSO2 monitoring before hospital discharge. Psychomotor development was assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales. The developmental quotients (DQ) at each follow-up appointment were correlated with predischarge CrSO2. Significant correlations were adjusted for possible confounders. Sixty-three infants were enrolled. A significant correlation between CrSO2 and DQ was observed at 6 months ca (p=0.010), but not at later psychomotor assessments. This correlation was confirmed significant (b=0.274, p=0.038) even after the adjustment for relevant covariates.

   Conclusion: According to these preliminary findings, the association between predischarge CrSO2 and psychomotor development over the first 24 months in preterm infants without major brain lesions is time-limited. Hence, this parameter may not represent an effective predictor for medium-term neurodevelopment.

What is Known:• Prematurity is a major risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment. • The validation of clinical tools for psychomotor outcome prediction may aid to identify high-risk preterm infants who might benefit from early interventions.

What is New:• In infants without major brain lesions, predischarge CrSO2correlates with psychomotor outcome at 6 months ca but not later, indicating a short time predictability.
Association between duration of early empiric antibiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Dierikx Thomas H. , Deianova Nancy , Groen Jip , Vijlbrief Daniel C. , Hulzebos Christian , de Boode Willem P. , d’Haens Esther J. , Cossey Veerle , Kramer Boris W. , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M. , de Jonge Wouter J. , Benninga Marc A. , van den Akker Chris H. , van Kaam Anton H. , de Boer Nanne K. H. , Visser Douwe H. , Niemarkt Hendrik J. , de Meij Tim G. J.
Published: August 2022

The threshold to initiate empiric antibiotics for suspicion of early-onset sepsis (EOS) is low in preterm infants. Antibiotics’ effects on short-term outcomes have recently been debated. We aimed at exploring the extent of early empiric antibiotic exposure (EEAE) in preterm infants and the association between the duration of EEAE with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) within different EEAE groups. EEAE practice for suspicion of EOS was evaluated in all included infants (gestational age < 30 weeks) born in 9 centers in the Netherlands and Belgium between Oct. 2014 and Jan. 2019. EEAE association with NEC and LOS development was analyzed by multivariate regression. After excluding 56 EOS cases, 1259 infants were included. A total of 1122 infants (89.1%) were exposed to empirical antibiotics for the suspicion of EOS of whom 802 (63.7%) had short (≤ 72 h) and 320 (25.4%) prolonged EEAE (> 72 h). Infants with EEAE ≤ 72 h had a lower incidence of NEC compared to both infants without EEAE (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.19–0.80]; p = 0.01) and with prolonged EEAE (> 72 h) (aOR [95%CI]: 0.58 [0.35–0.96]; p = 0.03). With every additional day of EEAE, LOS incidence decreased (aOR [95%CI]: 0.90 [0.85–0.97]; p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Almost 90% of preterm infants who have negative blood culture results in the first 72 h of life are exposed to EEAE under suspicion of EOS. One-fourth has prolonged EEAE. Duration of EEAE was differently associated with NEC and LOS incidence. The effects of antibiotics, and potentially induced microbial dysbiosis related to development of NEC and LOS, should further be explored.

What is Known:• Preterm infants often receive antibiotics empirically directly after birth for suspicion of early-onset sepsis.• The effects of the duration of early empirical antibiotic exposure on the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis are debated.

What is New:• Almost 90% of preterm infants with a gestational age below 30 weeks are exposed to antibiotics empirically after birth despite negative culture results. In a quarter of these culture-negative infants, empirical antibiotics are prolonged.• A short course of empirical antibiotics (≤72h) is associated with decreased odds for necrotizing enterocolitis compared to both prolonged (>72h) or no empirical antibiotics after birth. Furthermore, every additional day of empirical antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased risk for late-onset sepsis in the first month of life.
Computer-aided anatomy recognition in intrathoracic and -abdominal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: den Boer R. B. , de Jongh C. , Huijbers W. T. E. , Jaspers T. J. M. , Pluim J. P. W. , van Hillegersberg R. , Van Eijnatten M. , Ruurda J. P.
Published: August 2022

Background

Minimally invasive surgery is complex and associated with substantial learning curves. Computer-aided anatomy recognition, such as artificial intelligence-based algorithms, may improve anatomical orientation, prevent tissue injury, and improve learning curves. The study objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of current literature on the accuracy of anatomy recognition algorithms in intrathoracic and -abdominal surgery.

Methods

This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Pubmed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore were searched for original studies up until January 2022 on computer-aided anatomy recognition, without requiring intraoperative imaging or calibration equipment. Extracted features included surgical procedure, study population and design, algorithm type, pre-training methods, pre- and post-processing methods, data augmentation, anatomy annotation, training data, testing data, model validation strategy, goal of the algorithm, target anatomical structure, accuracy, and inference time.

Results

After full-text screening, 23 out of 7124 articles were included. Included studies showed a wide diversity, with six possible recognition tasks in 15 different surgical procedures, and 14 different accuracy measures used. Risk of bias in the included studies was high, especially regarding patient selection and annotation of the reference standard. Dice and intersection over union (IoU) scores of the algorithms ranged from 0.50 to 0.98 and from 74 to 98%, respectively, for various anatomy recognition tasks. High-accuracy algorithms were typically trained using larger datasets annotated by expert surgeons and focused on less-complex anatomy. Some of the high-accuracy algorithms were developed using pre-training and data augmentation.

Conclusions

The accuracy of included anatomy recognition algorithms varied substantially, ranging from moderate to good. Solid comparison between algorithms was complicated by the wide variety of applied methodology, target anatomical structures, and reported accuracy measures. Computer-aided intraoperative anatomy recognition is an upcoming research discipline, but still at its infancy. Larger datasets and methodological guidelines are required to improve accuracy and clinical applicability in future research.

Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021264226
Transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) vs endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) procedure in unilateral inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Posthuma J. J. , Sandkuyl R. , Sloothaak D.A. , Ottenhof A. , van der Bilt J. D. W. , Gooszen J. A. H. , Verbeek P. C. M. , in’t Hof K. H.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The Lichtenstein hernioplasty has long been seen as the gold standard for inguinal hernia repair. Unfortunately, this repair is often associated with chronic pain, up to 10–35%. Therefore, several new techniques have been developed, such as the transinguinal preperitoneal patch (TIPP) and the endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) technique. Several studies showed beneficial results of the TIPP and TEP compared to the Lichtenstein hernioplasty; however, little is published on the outcome when comparing the TIPP and TEP procedures. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes after the TIPP vs the TEP technique for inguinal hernia repair.

Methods

A single-center randomized controlled trial was carried out between 2015 and 2020. A total of 300 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were enrolled and randomized to the TIPP- or TEP technique. Primary outcome was chronic pain (defined as any pain following the last 3 months) and quality of life, assessed with Carolinas comfort scale (CCS) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were: wound infection, wound hypoesthesia, recurrence, readmission within 30 days, and reoperation.

Results

A total of 300 patients were randomized (150 per group). After a follow-up of 12 months, we observed significantly less postoperative chronic groin pain, chronic pain at exertion, wound hypoesthesia, and wound infections after the TEP when compared to the TIPP procedure. No significant differences in quality of life, reoperations, recurrence rate, and readmission within 30 days were observed.

Conclusion

We showed that the TEP has a favorable outcome compared to the TIPP procedure, leading to less postoperative pain and wound complications, whereas recurrence rates and reoperations were equal in both the groups.
Sinus arrest following acute lateral medullary infarction
Authors: Alloush Taha K. , Alloush Adel T. , Sami Mohammed , Shokri Hossam M.
Published: August 2022

Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) is an ischemic stroke of the medulla oblongata that involves the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. LMS is often missed as the cause of autonomic dysregulation in patients with recent brain stem stroke. Due to the location of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the dorsal vagal nucleus, and the nucleus ambiguous in the lateral medulla oblongata, patients with LMS occasionally have autonomic dysregulation–associated clinical manifestations. We report a case of LMS-associated autonomic dysregulation. The case presented by recurrent syncope, requiring permanent pacemaker placement. This case shows the importance of recognizing LMS as a potential cause of life-threatening arrhythmias, heart block, and symptomatic bradycardia. Extended cardiac monitoring should be considered for patients with medullary strokes.
Assessing the Needs of Victimized Adolescents in Therapeutic Residential Care in Spain
Authors: Águila-Otero A. , Fernández-Artamendi S. , González-García C. , del Valle J. F.
Published: August 2022

Children and adolescents in residential care often present with emotional and/or behavioral problems associated to previous adverse experiences such as abuse and neglect. Consequently, child welfare systems have developed therapeutic residential care (TRC) programs to address the most complex needs of this population. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of youths in TRC comparing them with those of youth in general residential care (GRC), and to detect the factors predicting referral to TRC programs. The sample consisted of 900 adolescents aged 12–17 years old (M = 15.57; SD = 1.33; 66.2% boys), from General Residential Care (n = 554) and Therapeutic Residential Care (n = 346). Profile information was collected through official files and an ad hoc questionnaire. Mental health problems were evaluated using the youth self-report (YSR). Significant sociodemographic differences were found between groups. Also, a higher frequency of emotional abuse and neglect, worse mental health, more breakdowns in child welfare measures and risk behaviors were found among adolescents in TRC. Sociodemographic and familial characteristics, features of the protective process and risk behaviors were associated to referral to TRC programs. Youths in GRC and TRC present with mental and behavioral problems that make it necessary to implement prevention programs and early detection procedures. Screening and evaluation of youth’s mental health and establishment of concrete criteria are suggested to ensure appropriate referral to the most suitable resource according to the individual needs of adolescents.
Dissuasive effect of low emission zones on traffic: the case of Madrid Central
Authors: Moral-Carcedo Julián
Published: August 2022

Ambitious goals to combat pollution should be supported in policies that discourage the use of private cars, notably old and more polluting vehicles. Price signals, such as a congestion tax, and traffic restrictions, such as low-emission zones (LEZ), are widely used tools among European cities to limit car use. In this paper, we look at the dissuasive effect of the implementation of the Madrid Central LEZ and analyze how traffic intensity has been affected in both the restricted area and in other zones of the city. Although the ultimate policy goal of LEZ is to reduce pollution, the instrument considered is traffic limitations, so it is important to know whether or not traffic intensity has been affected by traffic restrictions. Despite its limited extension and the adoption of long transitional periods, the LEZ of Madrid has been seriously questioned from its inception. The results show that traffic intensity has been reduced in the Madrid Central zone but has unfortunately increased in bordering areas. Previous studies on the effects of Madrid Central have not taken into account this potential substitution effect. The future design of a mobility policy in the metropolitan area of Madrid should address this undesirable outcome.
Siegel modular forms of degree two and level five
Authors: Wang Haowu , Williams Brandon
Published: August 2022

We construct a ring of meromorphic Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level 5, with singularities supported on an arrangement of Humbert surfaces, which is generated by four singular theta lifts of weights 1, 1, 2, 2 and their Jacobian. We use this to prove that the ring of holomorphic Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level $$\Gamma _0(5)$$

Γ
0

(
5
)

is minimally generated by eighteen modular forms of weights 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 11, 11, 11, 13, 13, 13, 15.
Is Haslanger’s ameliorative project a successful conceptual engineering project?
Authors: Pinder Mark
Published: August 2022

Supporters of conceptual engineering often use Haslanger’s ameliorative project as a key example of their methodology. However, at face value, Haslanger’s project is no cause for optimism about conceptual engineering. If we interpret Haslanger as seeking to revise how people in general use and understand words such as ‘woman’, ‘man’, etc., then her project has been unsuccessful. And if we interpret her as seeking to reveal the meaning of those words, then her project does not involve conceptual engineering. I develop and defend an alternative interpretation of Haslanger’s project and argue that, so interpreted, it is a successful conceptual engineering project after all. In so doing, I develop what I call a particularist account of the success conditions for conceptual engineering.
Surfactants in electrokinetic remediation of sediments to enhance the removal of metals
Authors: Garcia-Blas Nieves , Jimenez-Relinque Eva , Castellote Marta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The study focuses on the use of surfactants as enhancing solutions in electrokinetic remediation trials on sediments, with the hypothesis that they will allow heavy metals to desorb from organic matter, and thus favour their removal to the solution.

Materials and methods

A total of 15 remediation trials were conducted. As enhancing solutions, four different non-ionic commercial surfactants were used, either alone or in combination with citric acid (CA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in both compartments. A comparison with distilled water was also performed. 30–40 VDC was applied between activated titanium electrodes. The pH, electroosmotic flow (EOF), mineralogy of the samples (before and after the electrokinetic tests), and the percentage of removal of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg were determined.

Results and discussion

Every test showed an increase in current intensity during the first hours, and in certain cases, additional intensity peaks were found during the trial, which were mostly attributed to the establishment of EOF episodes. Depending on the case, EOF was transferred to the anolyte or the catholyte. Reversal of EOF occurred in one case, but was not detected in the others. Cr was primarily removed when CA was used. In the catholite, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were extracted preferentially with EDTA. Surfactant B was more effective at removing Zn and As. Only a few treatments removed Cd with CA and surfactant C extracting the most. Hg was detected in the electrolytes of some experiments, being extracted with surfactant A in the catholyte in all cases, and with surfactant B and surfactant C with EDTA. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were preferentially collected in the anolyte. Cu and Zn were found in trace levels in the catholyte.

Conclusions

Surfactants have been shown to help with metal solubilisation to different degrees depending on the metal. Each metal has a unique optimal species combination in the enhancing electrolyte. The direction of the EOF is determined by the chemical conditions of the system as a whole, not by the type of surfactant. Surfactants in combination with CA and EDTA improve desorption in general, which has been attributed to an increase in charge density passed during the tests rather than a symbiotic enhancement between both types of enhancing solutions.
Profiling the Potential Risks and Benefits of Emerging “Play to Earn” Games: a Qualitative Analysis of Players’ Experiences with Axie Infinity
Authors: Delic Amelia J. , Delfabbro Paul H.
Published: August 2022

The invention of blockchain technology, coupled with the growing interest in cryptocurrencies, has given rise to a new form of monetised gaming known as “Play to Earn” (PTE). “Axie Infinity” (AI) is currently the most popular PTE game, occupying a large portion of the online gaming market. In this paper, we profile the risks and benefits of PTE gaming, with a specific focus on AI. Qualitative data in the form of online chat threads was evaluated via a Thematic Analysis (TA) approach. The analysis revealed a number of themes including the dominance of extrinsically motivated gameplay in conjunction with negative appraisals of game quality, the benefits and costs of play, and the potential for PTE scholarship models to be associated with exploitation. The results did, however, indicate awareness of potential consumer risks. The findings have implications for informing consumer education, regulation, as well as areas of focus in future quantitative research.
Implementation of Actors’ Emotional Talent into Social Robots Through Capture of Human Head’s Motion and Basic Expression
Authors: Tanev Tanio K. , Lekova Anna
Published: August 2022

The paper presents an initial step towards employing the advantages of educational theatre and implementing them into social robotics in order to enhance the emotional skills of a child and at the same time to augment robots with actors’ emotional talent. Emotional child-robot interaction helps to catch quickly a child’s attention and enhance information perception during learning and verbalization in children with communication disorders. An innovative approach for learning through art by transferring actors’ emotional and social talents to socially assistive robots is presented and the technical and artistic challenges of tracking and translating movements expressing emotions from an actor to a robot are considered. The goal is to augment the robot intervention in order to enhance a child’s learning skills by stimulating attention, improving timing of understanding emotions, establishing emotional contact and teamwork. The paper introduces a novel approach to capture movements and expressions of a human head, to process data from brain and inertial tracking devices and to transfer them into a socially assistive robot.
Correction to: Convergent numerical approximation of the stochastic total variation flow
Authors: Baňas Ĺubomír , Röckner Michael , Wilke André
Published: August 2022

We correct two errors in our paper [4]. First error concerns the definition of the SVI solution, where a boundary term which arises due to the Dirichlet boundary condition, was not included. The second error concerns the discrete estimate [4,  Lemma 4.4], which involves the discrete Laplace operator. We provide an alternative proof of the estimate in spatial dimension $$d=1$$

d
=
1

by using a mass lumped version of the discrete Laplacian. Hence, after a minor modification of the fully discrete numerical scheme the convergence in $$d=1$$

d
=
1

follows along the lines of the original proof. The convergence proof of the time semi-discrete scheme, which relies on the continuous counterpart of the estimate [4,  Lemma 4.4], remains valid in higher spatial dimension. The convergence of the fully discrete finite element scheme from [4] in any spatial dimension is shown in [3] by using a different approach.
Assessing the affective dimension of religion within Muslim societies: the Sahin–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Islam, short form
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Erken Humeyra Guleryuz , Village Andrew
Published: August 2022

This study developed and tested a Turkish translation of the 23-item Sahin–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Islam (containing six negatively-voiced items) on data provided by 493 participants (191 school students and 302 undergraduate students). Two research questions were tested on these data. First, exploratory factor analyses suggested that negatively-voiced items were not performing well and so confirmed the judgement against employing such items in Muslim societies. Second, reliability analyses identified the best performing items to propose a seven-item short form of the Sahin–Francis Scale of Attitude toward Islam. This measure displayed good properties of internal consistency reliability (α = .86) and of construct validity against a measure of prayer frequency.
A Practical Guide to an Open-Source Map-Matching Approach for Big GPS Data
Authors: Saki Siavash , Hagen Tobias
Published: August 2022

This work shows how map-matching helps to minimize errors in GPS data by finding the most probable corresponding points of the recorded waypoints of a trajectory on a road network. We investigate an open-source alternative for map-matching trajectories called Valhalla, which could replace limited and costly commercial map-matching services. Valhalla is an open-source routing engine, which provides different services, such as path-finding, map-matching, and generating maneuvers based on a path. We build a cloud-based big data analytics framework on Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform for map-matching. This well-established framework is scalable and could process millions of trajectories. Using an example GPS dataset, it is demonstrated how Valhalla can be used for map-matching at scale. The dataset consists of about 18 million trips in the year 2019 that have at least one recorded point in a bounding box surrounding Frankfurt am Main. The map-matching results confirm an adequate performance of Valhalla map-matching, show a reduction of errors by distance calculation, and allow for further street-segment-based analysis.
A History of Political Science
Authors: Bevir Mark
Published: August 2022

This Element denaturalises political science, stressing the contestability and contingency of ideas, traditions, subfields, and even the discipline itself. The history of political science is less one of scholars testing and improving theories by reference to data than of their appropriating and transforming ideas, often obscuring or obliterating former meanings, to serve new purposes in shifting political contexts. Political science arose in the late nineteenth century as part of a wider modernism that replaced earlier developmental narratives with more formal explanations. It changed as some scholars yoked together behavioural topics, quantitative techniques, and positivist theory, and as other scholars rejected their doing so. Subfields such as International Relations remained semi-detached and focused on policy as much as theory. Furthermore, the shifting fashions within political science – modernism, behaviouralism, realism, neoliberalism, the new institutionalism – have informed the policies by which governments have tried to tame contingency and govern people.
Simulating Antiquity in Boys' Adventure Fiction
Authors: Vranken Thomas
Published: August 2022

A genre that glorifies brutish masculinity and late Victorian imperialism, boys' 'lost world' adventure fiction has traditionally been studied for its politically problematic content. While attuned to these concerns, this Element approaches the genre from a different angle, viewing adventure fiction as not just a catalogue of texts but a corpus of books. Examining early editions of Treasure Island, King Solomon's Mines, and The Lost World, the Element argues that fin-de-siècle adventure fiction sought to resist the nineteenth-century industrialisation of book production from within. As the Element points out, the genre is filled with nostalgic simulations of material anachronisms – 'facsimiles' of fictional pre-modern paper, printing, and handwriting that re-humanise the otherwise alienating landscape of the modern book and modern literary production. The Element ends by exploring a subversive revival of lost world adventure fiction that emerged in response to ebooks at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Royal Childhood and Child Kingship
Authors: Ward Emily Joan
Published: August 2022

Refining adult-focused perspectives on medieval rulership, Emily Joan Ward exposes the problematic nature of working from the assumption that kingship equated to adult power. Children's participation and political assent could be important facets of the day-to-day activities of rule, as this study shows through an examination of royal charters, oaths to young boys, cross-kingdom diplomacy and coronation. The first comparative and thematic study of child rulership in this period, Ward analyses eight case studies across northwestern Europe from c.1050 to c.1250. The book stresses innovations and adaptations in royal government, questions the exaggeration of political disorder under a boy king, and suggests a ruler's childhood posed far less of a challenge than their adolescence and youth. Uniting social, cultural and political historical methodologies, Ward unveils how wider societal changes between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries altered children's lived experiences of royal rule and modified how people thought about child kingship.
The Ottoman Model: Basra and the Making of Qajar Reform, 1881–1889
Authors: Cole Camille Lyans
Published: August 2022

In the nineteenth century, Qajar Iran was beset by both internal and external threats to its cohesion. In considering Qajar responses to this condition of threat, scholars have largely emphasized the rise of nationalism and a traumatic encounter with Europe. In this article, instead, I use the two Khuzestan travel narratives of royal engineer Najm al-Molk to draw out an alternative thread of reform discourse based on comparisons and connections with the Ottoman Empire. In his safarnamehs, Najm al-Molk joined the style and preoccupations of modern engineering to existing Persianate discourses on rule to elaborate the concept of abadi, a social, political, and material condition encompassing land, people, and state. His advocacy for making Khuzestan abadan was aimed at integrating the region more fully into the Qajar domains. In thinking about what constituted abadi and why it was missing in Khuzestan, the engineer’s major reference point was Ottoman Basra. Traveling around the Basra-Khuzestan borderlands helped Najm al-Molk frame the Ottoman Empire as an example for the Qajar future and a factor in producing the Qajar present. The article both analyzes and follows Najm al-Molk’s use of comparison in order to draw out a broader imperial comparison between late imperial rule in the Ottoman and Qajar lands. I argue that taking seriously Najm al-Molk’s view that the Qajars and Ottomans were comparable can help us use their peripheries to understand late Qajar history outside the national frame of “Iran.”
Sacculina carcini impact on energy content of the shore crab Carcinus maenas L.
Authors: Campos Joana , Ribas Felipe , Bio Ana , Freitas Vânia , Souza Allan T. , van der Veer Henk W.
Published: August 2022

The impact of Sacculina carcini infection on the nutritional status of the shore crab Carcinus maenas was investigated in the western Dutch Wadden Sea for a period of 20 months. About 3.3% of the population was sacculinized, i.e. externally infected with S. carcini and only 0.7% presented scars of previous infection. The results of mixed linear models showed that sacculinized and non-sacculinized crabs had similar morphometric condition, while the energy density of parasitized crabs (externa excluded) was significantly reduced by about 4.3% overall, and by up to 5.8% in crabs under 40 mm carapace width. However, when Sacculina externa was included in the energy determinations, the difference in energy density decreased to 1.2%, while total energy content of the pair infected crab-parasite including externa was 30.8% higher than non-sacculinized crabs of similar size. The total energy content of ovigerous females (eggs included) was even higher, near doubling the energy of similar-sized crabs. The same way, total energy content of Sacculina externa was about 4 times lower than total energy of egg mass. The results suggest that the rhizocephalan parasite is efficient in consuming the energy that the host may allocate for growth and maintenance, but require future studies to disentangle the impact of the degree of internal infection and the implications for the dynamics of the population.