bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-spot quantification of modafinil in generic medicines purchased from the Internet using handheld Fourier transform-infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Assi Sulaf , Khan Iftikhar , Edwards Aaron , Osselton David , Al-Obaidi Hisham
Published: August 2020

Poor quality medicines represent an expanding global public health threat facilitated by the Internet. A recent survey showed that one in five students have used modafinil to enhance learning ability mainly purchased from Internet sources. The aim of this work was to develop on-the-spot and simple methods for the quantification of modafinil in generic medicines using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy along with partial least square regression (PLSR). Modafinil tablets were measured in intact form using NIR and Raman and in powdered form using FTIR, NIR and Raman. Additionally, powder mixtures of crushed modafinil tablets and excipient(s) were prepared either by diluting the crushed tablets with excipient(s), or sequentially adding excipient(s) to the crushed tablets. Three PLSR models were constructed in MATLAB 2014a from powder mixtures and two from intact and powdered tablets. For FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, PLSR models based on tablets gave linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (r2) values above 0.94 and a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) below 0.96% m/m. Conversely, the PLSR model based on powder sequential addition gave the highest accuracy using the NIR spectra (r2= 0.99, RMSEC = 1.15% m/m). The latter model showed accuracy in predicting the concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in modafinil generic medicines proving their authenticity. The overall results showed that the combination of the three spectroscopic methods with PLSR offered a rapid technique for authenticating generic modafinil medicines.
Detection of triggered shallow slips caused by large earthquakes using L-band SAR interferometry
Authors: Fujiwara Satoshi , Nakano Takayuki , Morishita Yu
Published: August 2020

Interferograms pertaining to large earthquakes typically reveal the occurrence of elastic deformations caused by the earthquake along with several complex surface displacements. In this study, we identified displacement lineaments from interferograms; some of which occur on the shallow section of seismogenic faults. However, such displacements are typically located away from the hypocenter, and they are considered as triggered shallow slips. We found that the triggered shallow slips had a varied nature, as follows. (1) No evidence has yet been obtained regarding the generation of large seismic motion via triggered shallow slips; thus, their occurrence is seldom considered a cause of major earthquakes. However, we found that a movement of triggered shallow slip associated with an M 6-class earthquake occurred on an active fault that has previously caused an M 7-class earthquake. (2) At certain locations, several parallel displacement lineaments have been discovered. During the Kumamoto earthquake sequence in 2016, the strain created by the main shock and the motion of triggered shallow slips coincided at a specific location, resulting in the creation of parallel triggered shallow slips by the main shock. Conversely, at another location, the movements of the main shock and triggered shallow slips did not match, since the main shock was simply a trigger, whereas the latter parallel triggered shallow slips are likely a means for releasing previously accumulated strain. (3) The fault scaling law—which states that the length and displacement of a fault are proportional—does not hold true for triggered shallow slips. However, the parallel triggered shallow slips show a relationship between horizontal spacing and its displacement. This may be attributed to immobility in deep locations. These results lead to the following conclusions. Large earthquakes tend to trigger shallow slips on the pre-existing faults. Subsequently, these triggered shallow slips release accumulated strain by causing fault motions, which in turn result in displacement lineaments. The occurrence of such passive faulting creates weak, mobile fault planes that repeatedly move at the same location. These triggered shallow slips cause the diversity among active faults as a result.
Understanding the purpose of benefit corporations: an empirical study on the Italian case
Authors: Mion Giorgio , Loza Adaui Cristian R.
Published: August 2020

Rethinking the traditional understanding of organizational purpose appears to be necessary. A teleological paradigm shift seems to be on its way, changing the focus of attention from considering business organizations as instruments used to generate profits toward a more comprehensive understanding of their purpose and of the benefit they can create for society. Recently, new organizational entities have emerged, accompanied by the renewal of institutional frameworks, among them are benefit corporations. Italy was the first European country to introduce a legal framework to define the benefit corporation as a particular legal entity. The Italian law on the benefit corporations proposes the promotion of firms that pursue the generation of benefit in a responsible, sustainable, and transparent way and considering diverse stakeholders. This paper explores and describes the multidimensional understanding of benefit and purpose of Italian benefit corporations, utilizing qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 94 Italian benefit corporations’ purpose declarations, and providing a deep insight into the purpose declared by benefit corporations. The research highlights a certain vagueness in public declarations of the purpose of benefit corporations, even though it is clear that they attempt to differentiate themselves from traditional businesses by focusing on social objectives more than on economic ones. Furthermore, normative compliance emerged, but further normative requirements seem to be needed to make more effective the transformative potentiality of benefit corporations and to avoid risks of opportunistic behaviors.
The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research
Authors: Porinchu David F. , MacDonald Glen M.
Published: August 2020

The potential of applying the analysis of freshwater midges (Chironomidae) for current questions in geographical research is examined. Chironomids are cosmopolitan in distribution and frequently the most abundant insects found in freshwater ecosystems. The capacity of the family to tolerate large gradients of pH, salinity, depth, oxygen concentration, temperature and productivity enables members of the Chironomidae to occupy virtually every available niche present in freshwater environments.

In addition to wide distribution and abundance, Chironomidae are well suited for paleolimnological studies because the larvae possess chitinous head capsules which are well-preserved in lake sediment and relatively easily recovered and identified. As a result, chironomids are increasingly being used to track a number of natural and anthropogenically induced limnological changes resulting from atmospheric contamination, eutrophication and increased lake water salinity. Other areas in which subfossil chironomid analysis has provided valuable insight include climate change, phylogentics and biogeography and aquatic ecosystem dynamics and development.

Details describing the biology and ecology of the Chironomidae that are directly relevant to their use in paleoenvironmental and biogeographical studies are presented. The methodology describing the recovery and identification of subfossil chironomid remains is reviewed. A generalized overview of the statistical methods that are commonly employed in relating the modern distribution of chironomids to specific aspects of the environment, i.e., the calibration dataset approach, is briefly discussed. Case studies that highlight the various uses and applications of chironomid analysis in areas of paleoenvironmental and biogeographical research relevant to geographers are described. Lastly, the current status of chironomid research in academic geography is discussed and suggestions of potential future research directions are made.
PARP Inhibitors in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Tew William P. , Lacchetti Christina , Ellis Annie , Maxian Kathleen , Banerjee Susana , Bookman Michael , Jones Monica Brown , Lee Jung-Min , Lheureux Stéphanie , Liu Joyce F. , Moore Kathleen N. , Muller Carolyn , Rodriguez Patricia , Walsh Christine , Westin Shannon N. , Kohn Elise C.
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE

To provide recommendations on the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) for management of epithelial ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC).

METHODS

Randomized, controlled, and open-labeled trials published from 2011 through 2020 were identified in a literature search. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence, US Food and Drug Administration approvals, and consensus when evidence was lacking.

RESULTS

The systematic review identified 17 eligible trials.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The guideline pertains to patients who are PARPi naïve. All patients with newly diagnosed, stage III-IV EOC whose disease is in complete or partial response to first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy with high-grade serous or endometrioid EOC should be offered PARPi maintenance therapy with niraparib. For patients with germline or somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1 (g/s BRCA1) or BRCA2 (g/s BRCA2) genes should be treated with olaparib. The addition of olaparib to bevacizumab may be offered to patients with stage III-IV EOC with g/s BRCA1/2 and/or genomic instability and a partial or complete response to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab combination. Maintenance therapy (second line or more) with single-agent PARPi may be offered for patients with EOC who have not received a PARPi and have responded to platinum-based therapy regardless of BRCA mutation status. Treatment with a PARPi should be offered to patients with recurrent EOC that has not recurred within 6 months of platinum-based therapy, who have not received a PARPi and have a g/s BRCA1/2, or whose tumor demonstrates genomic instability. PARPis are not recommended for use in combination with chemotherapy, other targeted agents, or immune-oncology agents in the recurrent setting outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendations for managing specific adverse events are presented. Data to support reuse of PARPis in any setting are needed. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gynecologic-cancer-guidelines .
Oil gland and oil pores in billfishes: in search of a function
Authors: Dhellemmes F. , Hansen M. J. , Bouet S. D. , Videler J. J. , Domenici P. , Steffensen J. F. , Hildebrandt T. , Fritsch G. , Bach P. , Sabarros P. S. , Krüger A. , Kurvers R. H. J. M. , Krause J.
Published: August 2020

Billfishes are well-known for their distinctive elongated rostra, a.k.a. bills. The functional significance of billfish rostra has been frequently discussed and the recent discovery of an oil gland (glandula oleofera) at the base of the rostrum in swordfish, Xiphias gladius, has added an interesting facet to this discussion regarding the potential co-evolution of gland and rostra. Here we investigated the oil gland and oil pores (through which the oil is brought to the skin surface) of four billfish species, swordfish, blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, and striped marlin, Kajikia audax, and provide detailed evidence for the presence of an oil gland in the latter three. All four species had a high density of oil pores on the forehead which is consistent with the hypothesis of hydrodynamic benefits of the oil. The extension of the pores onto the front half of the rostrum in sailfish and striped marlin, but not in swordfish or blue marlin, suggests that the oil may have additional functions. One such function could be linked to the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil. However, the available evidence on predatory rostrum use (and hence likelihood of tissue damage) is only partly consistent with the extension of pores on rostra across species. We conclude that the oil gland likely serves multiple, non-mutually exclusive functions. More detailed information on rostrum use in blue marlin and swordfish is needed to better link behavioural and morphological data with the aim of accomplishing a full comparative analysis.
Pediatric SJS-TEN: Where are we now?
Authors: Ramien Michele , Goldman Jennifer L.
Published: August 2020

Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare severe blistering skin reactions triggered by medications or infections. Over the last 5 to 10 years, a number of important publications have advanced understanding of these diseases and their response to treatment. Importantly, a subset of patients with disease triggered by infection has been identified as having Mycoplasma pneumoniae–induced rash and mucositis, suggesting a reconsideration of the diagnostic paradigm. We present an update on pediatric Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in the broader context of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and focus on challenges and recent advances in diagnosis, management, and prevention.
Diseño de servicios para la gestión de innovación incremental en PYMES
Authors: Proenca Joaquin , Jiménez-Sáez Fernando
Published: August 2020

El artículo presenta un estudio empírico con pequeñas y medianas empresas peruanas en el sector de la salud y la hostelería con el objetivo de desarrollar productos y servicios innovadores incrementales explorados en la vista, la generación de ideas y la validación de soluciones en la estrategia de innovación abierta front-end. Tanto la investigación indirecta de tendencias, el mapeo del viaje del cliente, la etnografía y la interacción directa con los usuarios, con entrevistas en profundidad y sesiones dinámicas iterativas, generaron creación de valor. Las pequeñas empresas pueden desarrollar el diseño de servicios de acuerdo con sus limitaciones humanas y financieras, utilizando el proceso de gestión del conocimiento basado en cuatro ejes: escaneo del entorno, observación, entrevistas en profundidad y pensamiento de diseño esbelto (lean design). Hay caminos alternativos que tienen en cuenta e implican una mayor colaboración de los usuarios que las pequeñas empresas pueden explorar y explotar en un proceso dirigido al usuario. El estudio de caso permite concluir que los procesos de innovación incremental no tienen que ser largos, inciertos ni costosos para las pequeñas y medianas empresas.
The effects of family-witnessed resuscitation on health professionals
Authors: Grimes Cathy
Published: August 2020

Aim:

To gain an understanding of the effects of family-witnessed resuscitation (FWR) on health professionals.

Background:

FWR has been the subject of an ongoing debate for almost 30 years. Historically, emergency departments (EDs) have excluded family members of a critically ill or injured patient from the treatment area during resuscitation.

Methodology:

A systematic literature search of six nursing-focused databases was undertaken using pertinent keywords. Only studies published in English, focused on ED staff and undertaken after 2007 (published up to 2017) were included.

Findings:

FWR is not commonly practised by health professionals. The four themes identified were: fear of adverse litigation; the importance of the role of the facilitator; lack of FWR policies in the workplace; and staff lack of knowledge and education regarding FWR, resulting in fear and stress.

Conclusion:

By implementing policies in the workplace, and having a facilitator to provide support and guidance to families, stress and anxiety can be greatly reduced. The implementation of educational programmes can increase staff awareness and knowledge surrounding the benefits of FWR
Antimicrobial stewardship in wound care
Authors: Edwards-Jones Val
Published: August 2020

Strategies to tackle the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance include implementing antimicrobial stewardship across the healthcare and agricultural sectors. Many clinical specialities have developed policies to advise practitioners on how to prescribe antibiotics more effectively, but there is still a lack of data on the impact of this change. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have been commonplace since their introduction 70 years ago, and have contributed to the development of the resistance seen today. There is a dearth of new antibiotics and, if nothing is done to restrict the use of those that remain effective, there is a risk of returning to the pre-antibiotic era where simple infections could result in death. In wound care, it is essential that antibiotic treatment is appropriate to reduce infections. Many medical conditions predispose people to wounds that are difficult to heal and become chronic unless the underlying causes are addressed. Most wound infections are caused by bacteria, which are becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. This necessitates strict regimens for managing infection, which include prescribing antibiotics only when they are essential. Antimicrobial stewardship is undertaken in all UK healthcare facilities, and local advisory committees oversee the prudent use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents to try to prevent further increases in resistance. National guidance has been produced but whether full compliance has been followed has yet to be established and the impact of implementation needs to be analysed.
254  W laser-diode dual-end-pumped Tm:YAP InnoSlab laser
Authors: Mao Yefei , Gao Yuan , Wang Lei
Published: August 2020

A compact laser-diode dual-end-pumped 3 at. % a-cut Tm:YAP InnoSlab laser with the output power of 254 W in 1.99 µm has been demonstrated. The slope efficiency with respect to the incident pumped power is 45.9%, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 36.5%. The RMS stability of the maximum output power is better than 0.1% in 30 min. Beam quality factors

M
2

are 250 in the

x

direction and 4.7 in the

y

direction. Additionally, the shape of the output laser spot is rectangular.
2019 JOSA A Emerging Researcher Best Paper Prize: editorial
Authors: Carney P. Scott , Courtial Johannes
Published: August 2020

JOSA A Editor-in-Chief P. Scott Carney and Feature Editor Johannes
Courtial announce the recipient of the 2019 prize for the best paper
published by an emerging researcher in the Journal.
5 W ultra-low-noise 2 µm single-frequency fiber laser for next-generation gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hou Yubin , Wang Xi , Song Weihua , Chen Xu , Bin Wu , Li Ju , Zhao Chunnong , Wang Pu
Published: August 2020

We demonstrated an ultra-low-noise polarization-maintaining (PM) single-frequency fiber laser at 2 µm. Both relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency noise were improved by suppressing the pump source RIN using feedback control. After a two-stage

T
m

3
+

-doped PM fiber amplifier, the output power reached about 5 W, and the amplifier did not introduce any observable extra frequency noise. The frequency noise was less than

100

H
z

/

H
z

above 13 Hz, which is comparable to the frequency noise of a typical seed laser of the Advanced LIGO high-power laser. The central wavelength was measured to be 1990.25 nm, with a polarization extinction ratio above 24 dB.
Light and corona: guided-wave readout for coronavirus spike protein–host-receptor binding
Authors: Fedotov Ilya V. , Yi Zhenhuan , Voronin Aleksandr A. , Svidzinsky Anatoly A. , Sower Kyle , Liu Xinghua , Vlasova Ekaterina , Peng Tao , Liu Xiangpei , Moiseev Sergey A. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Sokolov Alexei V. , Scully Marlan O. , Zheltikov Aleksei M.
Published: August 2020

We show that waveguide sensors can enable a quantitative characterization of coronavirus spike glycoprotein–host-receptor binding—the process whereby coronaviruses enter human cells, causing disease. We demonstrate that such sensors can help quantify and eventually understand kinetic and thermodynamic properties of viruses that control their affinity to targeted cells, which is known to significantly vary in the course of virus evolution, e.g.,  from SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, making the development of virus-specific drugs and vaccine difficult. With the binding rate constants and thermodynamic parameters as suggested by the latest SARS-CoV-2 research, optical sensors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–receptor binding may be within sight.
Cross-section of electrical impact excitation in bulk n-type monocrystalline Al:Cr:ZnSe
Authors: Gafarov Ozarfar , Watkins Rick , Fedorov Vladimir , Mirov Sergey
Published: August 2020

Middle-infrared luminescence of bulk Al:Cr:ZnSe crystal under direct electrical excitation of Cr2+,5E− 5T2 transition, is reported. Effective cross-section of electrical excitation was estimated based on comparative luminescence measurements under electrical and optical (1560 nm) excitations. Calculation of the threshold current density for lasing under electrical excitation of this material was also performed.
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS IN BRAZIL: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Gurgel Lucineide Coqueiro , Sousa Allex Sobral , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Romão Lina Maria Vidal , Herculano Maria Aparecida Feitosa Candido , Queiroz Iasmin Belém Silva , Nóbrega Joanacele Gorgonho Ribeiro , Luna Cícera Alves de , Santana Willma José de , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by a protozoan of the species Leishmania chagasi. Where VL is a chronic evolutionary zoonosis, with systemic involvement and, if left untreated, it can lead to death in up to 90% of cases. In Brazil, VL has a high incidence throughout the national territory. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological risk factors that are related and contribute to the emergence of Visceral Leishmaniasis. For that, an integrative literature review was carried out with a qualitative approach, apart from the selection of articles in the lilacs, medline, scielo and pubmed databases, with the combination of the following Decs descriptors: Leishmaniasis; Streaming; Prevention; and Control. A total of 27 articles were found, of which 10 were selected to compose the sample. Two thematic categories were characterized: 1) Transmission and prevention; 2) Leishmaniasis, prevention and combat programs. The transmission and prevalence of Leishmaniasis presents itself as a disease that can be prevented and also controllable, has shown important changes in the pattern of transmission, previously considered a disease of predominance due to the characteristics of rural environments, forests and periurban and, currently in urban centers. As for the factors that contribute to the emergence of Leishmaniasis, it is observed that it is linked to climatic and environmental factors, the disease is transmitted through the mosquito, the phlebotome to the female contaminated with the protozoan to the healthy person. Therefore, the socioenvironmental junction of a region, that is, the inadequate ecological conditions and also the lack of care with the hygiene of the backyards of the houses, favors the permanence of the mosquito responsible for the onset of the disease. Studies show the need to rethink it and redesign strategies as a way to prevent and control the disease. It is necessary to understand people in order to collaborate with actions aimed at preventing and controlling the disease. Keyword: Leishmaniasis. Transmission. Prevention. Control.
A Multimodal Intervention Using Nonopioid Analgesics Is Associated With Reduced Intravenous Opioid Exposure Among Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Dalal Rahul S. , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Snider Christopher K. , Gitelman Yevgeniy , Brahmbhatt Mihir , Mull Nikhil K. , Mehta Shivan J. , Klock Christopher , Lewis James D. , Lichtenstein Gary R.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Opioid use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased mortality. Previous interventions targeting reduced intravenous opioid (IVOPI) exposure for all patients admitted to a general medical unit have decreased total opioid use without compromising pain control. We therefore performed a prospective evaluation of a multimodal intervention encouraging the use of nonopioid alternatives to reduce IVOPI exposure among patients with IBD hospitalized at our institution.

METHODS:

This was a prospective evaluation of a multimodal intervention to reduce IVOPI use among patients with IBD aged ≥18 years admitted to a general medical unit at a large urban academic medical center from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Intravenous and total (all routes) opioid exposures were measured as proportions and intravenous morphine milligram equivalents/patient day and compared with preintervention (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018) data. Hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rates (RRs), and pain scores (1–10 scale) were also assessed.

RESULTS:

Our study involved 345 patients with IBD with similar baseline characteristics in preintervention (n = 241) and intervention (n = 104) periods. Between study periods, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving IVOPIs (43.6% vs 30.8%, P = 0.03) and total opioid dose exposure (15.6 vs 8.5 intravenous morphine mg equivalents/d, P = 0.02). We observed similar mean pain scores (3.9 vs 3.7, P = 0.55) and significantly reduced mean LOS (7.2 vs 5.3 days, P = 0.03) and 30-day RRs (21.6% vs 11.5%, P = 0.03).

DISCUSSION:

A multimodal intervention was associated with reduced opioid exposure, LOS, and 30-day RRs for hospitalized patients with IBD. Additional research is needed to determine long-term benefits of reduced opioid exposure in this population.
A LEITURA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM ESTUDO NA REVISTA NOVA ESCOLA ENTRE 2010 – 2014
Authors: Oliveira Camila Alberto Vicente de , Da Silva Stefania Ferreira
Published: August 2020

This research presents the results of a study whose theme was the reading in early childhood education, since the contact of children with some objects that may lead them to reading can bring contributions to the reader's formation. Thus, issue of the investigation was: to identify how the New School Magazine (RNE) in the period of 2010-2014 discussed the reading in early childhood education? We aimed also: to reflect on reading in early childhood education and collect in editions of RNE's the treatment that was given to the theme. The methodology was inspired by the state of the art, for we carried on the survey in the magazine just the way the subject was discussed with further analysis of data. Fifty copies were analyzed and, considering that this magazine is distributed throughout the national territory and is easily accessible by teachers, it was noticed that nine articles on the subject were published. The results showed that encouraging kids to read is really important, however, the magazine is neglectful
on this theme.
People counter on CCTV video using histogram of oriented gradient and Kalman filter methods
Authors: Adhinata Faisal Dharma , Ikhsan Muhammad , Wahyono Wahyono
Published: August 2020

CCTV cameras have an important function in the field of public service, especially for convenience. The objects recorded through CCTV cameras are processed into information to support service satisfaction in the community. This study uses the function of CCTV for people counting from objects recorded by a camera. Currently, the process of detecting and tracking people takes a long time to detect all frames. In this study, the frame selection into keyframes uses the mutual information entropy method. The keyframes processing uses the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Kalman filter methods. The proposed method results F1 value of 0.85, recall of 76 %, and precision of 97 % with winStride parameter (12,12), scale 1.05, and the distance of the human object to CCTV 4 meters.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Chemical characterization, scavenging and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Bourhia Mohammed , Messaoudi Mouhcine , Bakrim Hanane , Mothana Ramzi A. , Sddiqui Nasir A. , Almarfadi Omer M. , El Mzibri Mohammed , Gmouh Said , Laglaoui Amin , Benbacer Laila
Published: August 2020

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (C. colocynthis) called colocynth is a wild species that belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. The present research work aimed to study the phytochemical composition, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of C. colocynthis seed extract. The chemical characterization of C. colocynthis seeds was effectuated using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cytotoxic activity of C. colocynthis seed extract against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) was assessed using the WST-1 bioassay. The antioxidant power was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The phytochemical characterization of C. colocynthis seed extract showed the richness of C. colocynthis seed extract in several families of bioactive compounds. Regarding the cytotoxic activity, the IC50 (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of C. colocynthis seed extract in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 were 170.34 and 132.31 µg/mL, respectively. The cancerous cell lines MDA-MB-231 seem to be more sensitive to C. colocynthis seed extract than HT-29 cell lines. C. colocynthis seed extract exhibited a strong antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 1.37 mg/mL. Insight into the results obtained, C. colocynthis seed extract may be used as a promising weapon to fight against cancer and free radicals’ damage.
DFT investigations on arylsulphonyl pyrazole derivatives as potential ligands of selected kinases
Authors: Czaja Kornelia , Kujawski Jacek , Kujawski Radosław , Bernard Marek K.
Published: August 2020

Using the density functional theory (DFT) formalism, we have investigated the properties of some arylsulphonyl indazole derivatives that we studied previously for their biological activity and susceptibility to interactions of azoles. This study includes the following physicochemical properties of these derivatives: electronegativity and polarisability (Mulliken charges, adjusted charge partitioning, and iterative-adjusted charge partitioning approaches); free energy of solvation (solvation model based on density model and M062X functional); highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap together with the corresponding condensed Fukui functions, time-dependent DFT along with the UV spectra simulations using B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, MPW1PW91, and WB97XD functionals, as well as linear response polarisable continuum model; and estimation of global chemical reactivity descriptors, particularly the chemical hardness factor. The charges on pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen (the latter one in the quinolone ring of compound 8, as well as condensed Fukui functions) reveal a significant role of these atoms in potential interactions of azole ligand–protein binding pocket. The lowest negative value of free energy of solvation can be attributed to carbazole 6, whereas pyrazole 7 has the least negative value of this energy. Moreover, the HOMO–LUMO gap and chemical hardness show that carbazole 6 and indole 5 exist as soft molecules, while fused pyrazole 7 has hard character.
Synthesis of magnesium carbonate hydrate from natural talc
Authors: Chen Qiuju , Hui Tao , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Ding Wenjin
Published: August 2020

Various morphologies of magnesium carbonate hydrate had been synthesized without using any organic additives by carefully adjusting the reaction temperature and time during the talc carbonation process. At lower temperatures, magnesium carbonate hydrate was prone to display needle-like morphology. With the further increase of the carbonation temperature, the sheet-like crystallites became the preferred morphology, and at higher aging temperatures, these crystallites tended to assemble into layer-like structures with diverse morphologies, such as rose-like particles and nest-like structure. The reaction time had no effect on the crystal morphology, but it affected the particle size and situation of the crystal growth. X-Ray diffraction results showed that these various morphologies were closely related to their crystal structure and compositions. The needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate had a formula of MgCO3·3H2O, whereas with the morphological transformation from needle-like to sheet-like, rose-like, and nest-like structure, their corresponding compositions also changed from MgCO3·3H2O to 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·8H2O, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O, and 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O.
Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Motor Performance in Prepubertal Soccer Players
Authors: Menezes Glauber B. , Alexandre Diego R. O. , Pinto Júlio C. B. L , Assis Tereza V. L. , Faigenbaum Avery D. , Mortatti Arnaldo L.
Published: August 2020

Menezes, GB, Alexandre, DR, Pinto, JC, Assis, TV, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1667–1674, 2022—The present study examined the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (INT; n = 20, age: 8.2 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 28.4 ± 6.4 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m) or the control group (CON; n = 18, age: 8.5 ± 1.3 years; body mass: 32.8 ± 8.9 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m). Integrative neuromuscular training program was performed twice per week during the 12-week training intervention. Balance, flexibility, countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH), sprint speed, and change of direction speed (CODS) were assessed in both groups at baseline, sixth week and 12th week. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the group changes in performance for each variable. There was a time effect for balance in the INT from pre to 12th weeks (p < 0.001, g = 0.72), and from 6th to 12th weeks (p = 0.005, g = 0.34). An interaction effect for balance was also observed between INT and CON after the 12th week. A time effect in flexibility was observed in INT from baseline to 6th and 12th weeks (p = 0.02; g = 0.45 and p < 0.001; g = 0.71) and from 6 to 12th weeks (p = 0.003; g = 0.24). There was a time effect in CVJH, from baseline to 12th week and from 6th to 12th weeks (p < 0.05; g = 0.34 and g = 0.53, respectively). There was no significant between-group speed performance change. A time effect was found in CODS in INT, but only from baseline to 12th week (p = 0.02; g = 0.31). There were significant improvements in the percent change (Δ%) from baseline to 12 weeks (p < 0.05) for balance, flexibility, and CVJH in INT. These findings indicate that the addition of an INT program to soccer practice can improve selected motor performance skills in prepubertal soccer players.
Muscle Cramping in the Marathon: Dehydration and Electrolyte Depletion vs. Muscle Damage
Authors: Martínez-Navarro Ignacio , Montoya-Vieco Antonio , Collado Eladio , Hernando Barbara , Panizo Nayara , Hernando Carlos
Published: August 2020

Martínez-Navarro, I, Montoya-Vieco, A, Collado, E, Hernando, B, Panizo, N, and Hernando, C. Muscle Cramping in the marathon: Dehydration and electrolyte depletion vs. muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1629–1635, 2022—Our aim was to compare dehydration variables, serum electrolytes, and muscle damage serum markers between runners who suffered exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) and runners who did not suffer EAMC in a road marathon. We were also interested in analyzing race pacing and training background. Nighty-eight marathoners took part in the study. Subjects were subjected to a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Before and after the race, blood and urine samples were collected and body mass (BM) was measured. Immediately after the race EAMC were diagnosed. Eighty-eight runners finished the marathon, and 20 of them developed EAMC (24%) during or immediately after the race. Body mass change, post-race urine specific gravity, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations were not different between crampers and noncrampers. Conversely, runners who suffered EAMC exhibited significantly greater post-race creatine kinase (464.17 ± 220.47 vs. 383.04 ± 253.41 UI/L, p = 0.034) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (362.27 ± 72.10 vs. 307.87 ± 52.42 UI/L, p = 0.002). Twenty-four hours post-race also values of both biomarkers were higher among crampers (CK: 2,438.59 ± 2,625.24 vs. 1,166.66 ± 910.71 UI/L, p = 0.014; LDH: 277.05 ± 89.74 vs. 227.07 ± 37.15 UI/L, p = 0.021). The difference in the percentage of runners who included strength conditioning in their race training approached statistical significance (EAMC: 25%, non-EAMC: 47.6%; p = 0.074). Eventually, relative speed between crampers and noncrampers only differed from the 25th km onward (p < 0.05). Therefore, runners who suffered EAMC did not exhibit a greater degree of dehydration and electrolyte depletion after the marathon but displayed significantly higher concentrations of muscle damage biomarkers.
A Comparison of On-Ice External Load Measures Between Subelite and Elite Female Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Douglas Adam S. , Rotondi Michael A. , Baker Joseph , Jamnik Veronica K. , Macpherson Alison K.
Published: August 2020

Douglas, AS, Rotondi, MA, Baker, J, Jamnik, VK, and Macpherson, AK. A comparison of on-ice external load measures between subelite and elite female ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1978–1983, 2022—This study quantified and examined differences in measures of on-ice external load for subelite and elite female ice hockey players. External load variables were collected from subelite (N = 21) and elite (N = 24) athletes using Catapult S5 monitors during the preseason. A total of 574 data files were analyzed from training and competition during the training camp. Significant differences between groups were found across all variables. Differences in training between the 2 groups ranged from trivial (forwards PlayerLoad, p = 0.03, effect-size [ES] = 0.18) to large (forwards Explosive Efforts [EEs], p < 0.001, ES = 1.64; defense EEs, p < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Match comparisons yielded similar results, with differences ranging from small (defense Low Skating Load [SL], p = 0.05, ES = 0.49; Medium SL, p = 0.04, ES = 0.52) to very large (forwards PlayerLoad, p < 0.001. ES = 2.25; PlayerLoad·min−1, p < 0.001, ES = 2.66; EEs, p < 0.001, ES = 2.03; Medium SL, p < 0.001, ES = 2.31; SL·min−1, p < 0.001, ES = 2.67), respectively. The differences in external load measures of intensity demonstrate the need to alter training programs of subelite ice athletes to ensure they can meet the demands of elite ice hockey. As athletes advance along the development pathway, considerable focus of their off-ice training should be to improve qualities that enhance their ability to perform high-intensity on-ice movements.
Survey of Eccentric-Based Strength and Conditioning Practices in Sport
Authors: McNeill Conor , Beaven Christopher Martyn , McMaster Daniel T. , Gill Nicholas
Published: August 2020

McNeill, C, Beaven, CM, McMaster, DT, and Gill, N. Survey of eccentric-based strength and conditioning practices in sport. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2769–2775, 2020—Eccentric-based training (ECC) has been shown to be an effective training strategy in athletes; however, despite the theoretical benefits, the uptake by practitioners is currently unknown. This study investigated the current ECC strength and conditioning practices that are implemented in the training of athletes. Two hundred twenty-four practitioners were electronically surveyed anonymously with 98 responses available for analysis. Nearly all respondents (96%) had prescribed ECC in the last 24 months. Sport performance (64%), injury prevention (24%), and rehabilitation (8%) were the top-ranked reasons to include ECC. Respondents programmed ECC for strength (35%), hypertrophy (19%), and power (18%). A majority of respondents did not monitor ECC load (58%) or use eccentric-specific testing (75%). Seventeen respondents commented that high-intensity training such as sprinting and change of direction, were avoided during ECC blocks. Eccentric-based training intensity was prescribed as percentage of 1 repetition maximum (34%), rate of perceived exertion (20%), or velocity (16%). Respondents indicated muscle soreness and concurrent high-intensity activities were concerns during ECC but reported not using eccentric monitoring or testing. The efficacy of ECC is well supported, yet there seems to be a lack of defined protocol for integrating ECC research into practice. A greater understanding of eccentric contribution to sport performance and injury prevention may help define testing and monitoring procedures for the prescription of ECC interventions. Practitioners should consider factors such as periodization, soreness, and monitoring when designing ECC programs. The findings of this survey indicate that no uniform strategies exist for the prescription of ECC among experienced practitioners.
Positive Relationships Between Golf Performance Variables and Upper Body Power Capabilities
Authors: Sorbie Graeme G. , Glen Jonathan , Richardson Ashley K.
Published: August 2020

Sorbie GG, Glen J, and Richardson AK Positive relationships between golf performance variables and upper body power capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S97–S102, 2021—The importance of lower body and trunk strength and power, as well as upper body strength in golf is well documented; however, the relationship between upper body power and golf performance has yet to be determined. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between golf performance and upper body power. Thirteen golfers (mean ± SD: age: 30 ± 7 years and handicap: 6.1 ± 4.9) participated in the study. Club head velocity (CHV) and ball velocity were measured during the golf test. To assess upper body power, subjects completed a ballistic bench press and upper body Wingate test. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to assess the relationships between golf performance and upper body power. The results demonstrated that there were strong relationships between ballistic bench press and CHV and ball velocity when using the driver (r > 0.6–0.7), and moderate-to-strong relationships (r > 0.4–0.6) when using the 7-iron. Strong relationships were found between the upper body Wingate test and CHV and ball velocity (r > 0.5–0.8) when using the driver and 7-iron. As a result of the findings, strength and conditioning coaches may use both the ballistic bench press test and the Wingate test as a primary assessment to measure the effectiveness of upper body training interventions with the aim of improving golf performance. Although, when performing the golf swings at higher velocities (i.e., with the driver), the ballistic bench press may be more beneficial.
Injury Risk Factors Associated With Weight Training
Authors: Grier Tyson , Brooks Raina D. , Solomon Zack , Jones Bruce H.
Published: August 2020

Grier, T, Brooks, RD, Solomon, Z, and Jones, BH. Injury risk factors associated with weight training. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): e24–e30, 2022—The purpose of this evaluation was to identify injury risk factors associated with weight training (WT). Subjects were 4,785 men and 542 women in a U.S. Army Division. Personal characteristics, unit training, personal training, fitness, and 12-month injury history were obtained by an electronic survey. Risk factors for WT injuries were explored using backward stepping multivariable logistic regression. Risk ratios, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for each risk factor. Over a one-year period, 4.5% of men and 0.6% of women experienced a WT injury. Weight-training injury incidence was 0.31 and 0.05 per 1,000 hours of WT for men and women, respectively. Overall, men were 7.4 times more likely to experience a WT injury compared with women. For men who participated in WT, independent risk factors for a WT injury included older age (OR [23–27/≤ 22 years] = 1.99, 95% CI 1.22–3.27; OR [>28/≤ 22 years] = 2.48, 95% CI 1.52–4.03) and higher amounts of personal WT per week (OR [60–165/≥ 166 minutes] = 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.88; and OR [15–59/≥ 166 minutes] = 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.66). A linear trend was revealed indicating an increasing risk of a WT injury with greater amounts of time spent WT per week (p < 0.01). Performing moderate amounts of WT may reduce the risk of experiencing a WT injury. However, because muscle strength is an important component of fitness for Soldiers, specialized WT programs that improve strength while minimizing injury risks are needed.
Methodological Considerations for the Determination of the Critical Load for the Deadlift
Authors: Moss Alexander C. , Dinyer Taylor K. , Abel Mark G. , Bergstrom Haley C.
Published: August 2020

Moss, AC, Dinyer, TK, Abel, MG, and Bergstrom, HC. Methodological considerations for the determination of the critical load for the deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S31–S37, 2021—This study determined whether performance method during conventional deadlifting affects critical load (CL) estimates derived from the linear work limit (Wlim) vs. repetitions relationship. Eleven subjects completed 1-repetition maximum (1RM) deadlift testing followed by separate visits, to determine the number of repetitions to failure at 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM for both reset (RS) and touch-and-go (TG) methods. The CL was the slope of the line of total work completed (load [kg] × repetitions) vs. total repetitions for 4 intensities (50–80% 1RM). The number of repetitions to failure were determined at CLRS and CLTG. The kg values and repetitions to failure at CLRS and CLTG, and total repetitions at each intensity (50–80%) for each method (RS and TG) were compared. There were no significant mean differences (±SD) in kg values (−0.4 ± 7.9 kg, range = −8.8 to 17 kg, p = 0.856), %1RM (−1.2 ± 5.6%, p = 0.510), or total repetitions completed (2.8 ± 15.7 reps, range = −15 to 37 reps, p = 0.565) for CLRS and CLTG. These findings indicated that performance method did not affect mean estimation of CL or number of repetitions completed at submaximal loads. Thus, the estimates of CL from the modeling of total work vs. repetitions were relatively robust to variations in deadlifting methodologies. However, individual variability (range of scores) in kg values and repetition to failure at CLRS and CLTG indicated that deadlifting methods may differ in anatomical region of fatigue. The CL is an individually derived threshold that may be used to examine and describe performance capabilities.
Using soils for accident dosimetry: a preliminary study using optically stimulated luminescence from quartz
Authors: Fujita H. , Jain M. , Murray A. S.
Published: August 2020

The optimum conditions of preheat temperature, stimulation temperature, etc. in the single-aliquot regenerative optically stimulated luminescence (SAR OSL) method were examined specifically for measuring background dose in natural quartz extracted from soils collected around Tokai-mura in Japan. The objective was to assess the potential of SAR-OSL dosimetry using soils for retrospective assessment of a radiation accident. Variation in dose with depth was also measured. The SAR data showed good reproducibility and dose recovery, and there was no evidence of fading of the quartz signal based on “delayed” dose recovery experiments. The minimum detection limit (MDL) dose was about 0.1 Gy. The dose dependence was measured using both the above SAR OSL protocol as well as a SAR thermoluminescence (TL, violet emission) protocol. The background doses were generally in the range of the MDL to several Gy, and no clear trend in dose depth profile was observed. From these results, we conclude that SAR OSL dosimetry using natural quartz extracted from soil could be used to evaluate the dose of an accident.