bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health and Healthcare Disparities in Pediatric Epilepsy in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Skjei Karen L. , Beatty Christopher , Bhatia Sonal , Garcia‐Sosa Rebecca , Joshi Charuta , Patel Shital , Singhal Nilika S. , Taylor Connie , Vetter Imelda L. , Wagner Janelle L.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Health disparities impact epilepsy care in children. Previous efforts to summarize data in this population have been limited. This study sought to understand how this information exists in the literature and identify gaps in knowledge.

Methods

A scoping review of peer‐reviewed articles and gray literature was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Disparity populations (e.g., Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status) and disparity outcomes (e.g., Quality of Life (QOL)/Psychological, Utilization, Mortality/Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy) were identified. A finding was defined as a single result from a discrete statistical analysis of a specific clinical outcome by disparity population. Data extraction identified where this information existed in the literature and how it was reported.

Results

A total of 307 publications revealed 769 unique disparity/equity findings. Disparity populations were unequally represented (p < 0.0001). Sex and Race/Ethnicity had the most findings while Language/Immigration had the fewest. Nearly a quarter of findings (23%) addressed QOL/Psychological outcomes. The highest percentages of disparities were found in the Utilization, Mortality/SUDEP, and Economic categories. Of the 204 publications reporting disparity findings, fewer than half actually intended to investigate disparities as one of their original objectives. Of the disparity findings identified in peer‐reviewed articles, a third were not mentioned in the abstract and 20% were not addressed in the discussion.

Interpretation

A comprehensive scoping review of health disparities in pediatric epilepsy found that specific disparity populations like Sex and Race/Ethnicity were robustly explored, while Language/Immigration was under‐represented, despite a high rate of disparities. Health‐related outcome categories were also unequally investigated. Disparity findings were often difficult to access within publications. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:733–742
Metal‐Phenolic Nanocloaks on Cancer Cells Potentiate STING Pathway Activation for Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: He Xianglian , Gong Guidong , Chen Mei , Zhang Haojie , Zhang Yajing , Richardson Joseph J. , Chan Wood Yee , He Yunxiang , Guo Junling
Published: February 2024

Due to the presence of natural neoantigens, autologous tumor cells hold great promise as personalized therapeutic vaccines. Yet autologous tumor cell vaccines require multi‐step production that frequently leads to the loss of immunoreactive antigens, causing insufficient immune activation and significantly hampering their clinical applications. Herein, we introduce a novel whole‐cell cancer vaccine by cloaking cancer cells with lipopolysaccharide‐decorated manganese(II)‐phenolic networks (MnTA nanocloaks) to evoke tumor‐specific immune response for highly efficacious synergistic cancer immunotherapy. The natural polyphenols coordinate with Mn2+ and immediately adhere to the surface of individual cancer cells, thereby forming a nanocloak and encapsulating tumor neoantigens. Subsequent decoration with lipopolysaccharide induces internalization by dendritic cells, where Mn2+ ions are released in the cytosol, further facilitating the activation of the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway. Highly effective tumor suppression was observed by combining the nanocloaked cancer cell treatment with anti‐programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1) antibodies‐mediated immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Our work demonstrates a universal yet simple strategy to engineer a cell‐based nanobiohybrid system for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
A Small‐Molecule Ratiometric Photoacoustic Probe for the High‐Spatiotemporal‐Resolution Imaging of Copper(II) Dynamics in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Zhang Changli , Wang Xiaoqing , Ling Zongxin , Chen Yuncong , Guo Zijian , Liu Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

Copper dysmetabolism is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, making high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution imaging of Cu2+ in the brain essential for understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Nevertheless, the current probes encounter obstacles in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and providing high‐spatial‐resolution in deep tissues. Herein, we present a photoacoustic probe capable of imaging Cu2+ dynamics in the mouse brain with high‐spatiotemporal‐resolution. The probe demonstrates selective ratiometric and reversible responses to Cu2+, while also efficiently crossing the BBB. Using the probe as the imaging agent, we successfully visualized Cu2+ in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) model mouse with a remarkable micron‐level resolution. The imaging results revealed a significant increase in Cu2+ levels in the cerebral cortex as PD progresses, highlighting the close association between Cu2+ alternations in the region and the disease. We also demonstrated that the probe can be used to monitor changes in Cu2+ distribution in the PD model mouse brain during L‐dopa intervention. Mechanism studies suggest that the copper dyshomeostasis in the PD mouse brain was dominated by the expression levels of divalent metal transporter 1. The application of our probe in imaging Cu2+ dynamics in the mouse brain offers valuable insights into the copper‐related molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
Revealing the pyrolysis mechanism of polypropylene cable insulation: A combined study of TG‐GC experiments and RMD/DFT simulations
Authors: Guo Yifan , Wu Yunjian , Zhang Danfeng , Fang Rui , Zhang Xiaoxing
Published: February 2024

Styrene grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐St) is one of the insulating materials for high voltage power cables. However, the process of pyrolysis gas generation in polypropylene cable insulation remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study employed a combination of thermogravimetric‐gas chromatography experiments, density functional theory, and reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The experimental findings revealed that the pyrolysis gases primarily consisted of H2, CO, C2H4, and CH4. Higher temperatures were found to increase the yields of H2 and CO. The simulation results indicated that H2 and CO were generated through the rupture of less reactive olefins and radicals, while C2H4 was primarily produced by the rupture of CC bonds in the polypropylene chain. Additionally, CH4 was formed when CH3 groups captured hydrogen from other molecules. By the chain reaction mechanism, we enable the calculation of the activation energy of PP‐g‐St. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pyrolysis gas generation.
Controlling the Potential of Affordable Quasi‐Solid Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kumar Mishra Govind , Gautam Manoj , Bhawana K. , Patro Manisha , Kumar Singh Shishir , Mitra Sagar
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on the development of a composite gel polymer electrolyte membrane (CGPEM) as a solution to address safety concerns arising from the reactivity of lithium metal and the formation of dendrites. The CGPEM integrates a solid polymer matrix, solid‐electrolyte LSiPS (Li10SiP2S12), with a plasticizer that countering the performance decline caused by sulfide solid electrolyte (SSE) interactions with the cathode. Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) emerges as a promising polymer matrix due to its flexibility, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, solvability for Li‐salt, mechanical processing adaptability, adhesive strength, and ionic conductivity. Conductivity and processability of CGPEM were optimized through meticulous adjustment of liquid plasticizer concentration. The CGPEM′s chemical and electrochemical stability were systematically investigated using in‐situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRTs). A lithium metal battery is constructed against a high voltage cathode and newly developed CGPEM. Impressively, the cell exhibited outstanding performance, maintaining a discharge capacity of around 146.22 mAh/g after 200 cycles, retaining 86.38 % of its initial capacity. The formation of a LiF‐rich interface layer near the lithium surface, a vital element in curbing CGPE degradation and dendritic growth, resulted in enhanced overall cell performance.
Risk factors of bladder stones in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A real‐world study
Authors: Möhr Sandra , Fassbind Saskia , Gahl Brigitta , Seifert Hans‐Helge , Bausch Kathrin
Published: February 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors for stone formation and recurrence in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in a real‐world cohort.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients with NLUTD who underwent bladder stone treatment between 2010 and 2022. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to identify the potential risk factors for stone recurrence.

Results

Among 114 patients included in the study, 30% experienced stone recurrence. The most common stone components were carbonate apatite phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. The overall recurrence rate was 14 cases per 100 patient years. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity had the highest recurrence rate. Risk factors for stone recurrence in the multivariate analysis were intermittent and suprapubic catheterization, and recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI).

Conclusions

Patients experienced multiple bladder stone recurrences. Close monitoring of bladder pressure and UTI with restrictive catheter application may reduce the risk of stone recurrence.
Urology never events in the United Kingdom: A retrospective 10‐year review
Authors: Loyala Jerocin Vishani , Ang Andrew , Down Billy , Howles Sarah A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The aim was to assess the prevalence of never events (NEs) specific to urology in the United Kingdom and identify commonly occurring themes.

Methods

Data from the National Health Service (NHS) NEs website were obtained and all NEs from 2012 to 2022 were reviewed. Urology‐specific NEs were identified and further analysed in their respective categories. Data regarding the total number of surgical procedures performed in the NHS specific to each specialty were obtained via the NHS Hospital Episode Statistics website.

Results

There were 3972 NEs recorded over the 10‐year period with 95 (2.4%) of these as a result of urology surgery. The most common surgical intervention associated with a urological NE was ureteric stenting, which comprised 45/95 (47.4%) of all analysed NEs. These consisted of wrong site ureteric stent insertion (n = 29), wrong site ureteric stent removal (n = 9), wrong stent type (n = 5) and retained guidewires (n = 2). There were 7.14 million urology surgeries performed in the 10‐year period, and prevalence was 0.0013%.

Conclusion

NEs are fully preventable serious incidents in the NHS. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of NEs in urology in the United Kingdom. This study demonstrates that in the last 10 years the prevalence of urology NEs is low at 0.0013%, with ureteric stent procedures accounting for more than half of the NEs. Urologists should be mindful of the potential for wrong site surgery in urologic stenting procedures.
Women who cry to manipulate others face more backlash than men
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Motro Daphna
Published: February 2024

Two studies and one pilot study (Ntotal = 531) explore how observers react to men and women who cry in either good faith or in bad faith (i.e., with intention to manipulate). Using role congruity theory as a framework, we theorize that crying perceived as manipulative is less congruent with female stereotypes compared to male stereotypes. Accordingly, we find that women who cry in bad faith evoke less empathy and more anger from observers, who in turn judged them more harshly and are less willing to support them on a series of organizational outcomes. The same pattern did not emerge for men, for whom crying in good or bad faith did not seem to matter. This is in line with the idea that crying is overall less acceptable for men. In sum, we suggest that crying can have negative repercussions at work. This calls for greater attention to crafting interventions that can reduce discrimination and biases, ultimately fostering more positive workplace climates.
A rare case of palmar congenital nevus with sclerodermoid reaction
Authors: Bao Chengbei , Shen Shuyi , Gong Ting , Ji Chao
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Palmar congenital nevus with sclerodermoid reaction has not been reported. It has the potential of deep extension following the fibrous bundle. The utilization of slow Mohs or frozen sections with immunohistochemistry staining was recommended.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis caused by sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim
Authors: Bhatt Parjanya , Montreuil Nadine , Olayiwola Ayoola , Quiroz Tanya , Ruiz Felipe , Ayoade Folusakin
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a rare, small‐vessel vasculitis that can be caused by sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim. Most presentations involve skin rash but serious systemic involvement is possible. The precise mechanism is unclear but genetic and immune‐based tissue damage has been postulated. The rash often resolves with discontinuation of sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim with or without steroids.
Ionic liquid templated synthesis of cobalt‐substituted mesoporous aluminophosphates: A novel heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol
Authors: Kumar Maddila Anil , Nagarjun Nagarathinam , Manyar Haresh , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: February 2024

Ordered hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate and its cobalt‐substituted analogue were successfully synthesized using ionic liquid as a structure‐directing agent. The resulting materials were systematically characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic, and imaging methods, confirming the presence of divalent cobalt in the tetrahedral framework of the matrix. Further, the high surface area, pore volume, and thicker mesopore walls of these materials impart good thermal and hydrothermal stability. The mesoporous catalysts showed excellent activity towards the oxidation of cyclohexane reactions using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant, with 98.5 % conversion and 90.4 % selectivity towards cyclohexanol.
Towards strengthening resilience of organizations by risk management tools: A scientometric perspective on COVID‐19 experience in a healthcare and industrial setting
Authors: Fabiano Bruno , Guastaferro Mariangela , Pettinato Margherita , Pasman Hans J.
Published: February 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the healthcare system and the global supply chain were exposed to an unpredicted event, which increased awareness about the need of more effective strategies to support decision‐making process and to empower safety barriers. In this work, a combined scientometric and systematic review was performed to analyze tools and methodologies able to combine resilience with more traditional risk assessment, learning from the experience posed by the COVID‐19 crisis. Bibliometric and literature content analyses were carried out focusing on resilience management upon the incoming of an unexpected event. The systematic analysis of the methods and models developed on the basis of different pandemic waves provides a natural guide for future research development.
Discretization error estimation for EU‐DEMO plasma‐edge simulations using SOLPS‐ITER with fluid neutrals
Authors: Van Uytven Wim , Dekeyser Wouter , Subba Fabio , Wiesen Sven , Horsten Niels , Vervloesem Nathan , Baelmans Martine
Published: February 2024

A grid refinement study is performed for mean‐field plasma boundary simulations with fluid neutrals in an EU‐DEMO geometry. In general, grid convergence of the simulations is achieved, with differences between the finest and second‐finest grid of <5% for the majority of the quantities of interest. The estimated discretization errors for the original 96 × 36 grid are mostly in the 4%–25% range. However, it is also shown that exceptions are possible due to the non‐linear nature of plasma boundary codes. Hence, it is advised to regularly perform grid refinement studies on subsets of cases.
Deltas: New paradigms
Authors: Zavala Carlos , Arcuri Mariano , Zorzano Agustin , Trobbiani Valentín , Torresi Antonela , Irastorza Ainara
Published: February 2024

Deltas are deposits directly accumulated by land‐generated gravity flows in a standing body of water. The paradigm of deltaic sedimentation has dramatically changed during recent years, from the popular very simplified ternary models of marine littoral deltas towards more realistic and comprehensive models, considering the importance of sediment‐laden river discharges. Ternary delta models were designed for clean rivers, where a stream flow drags the sediments. Depending on the basin dynamics, these littoral deposits can be modified, forming tidal‐dominated, wave‐dominated or fluvial‐dominated littoral deltas. In recent years, a new classification of delta systems was proposed, based on contrasting the salinity of the receiving water body with the bulk density of the incoming fluvial discharge. Rivers are highly dynamic systems, and their discharges can be very variable in terms of flow duration and sediment concentration. Additionally, the salinity of the receiving water body can exhibit significant variability, especially in closed lakes and epicontinental seas, ranging from freshwater to brines. This scenario allows the distinction of three major delta categories (hypopycnal, homopycnal and hyperpycnal deltas) which can be in turn subdivided, defining seven delta types. Hypopycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is lower than the density of the water in the basin, allowing the definition of three delta types, corresponding to hypersaline littoral deltas, marine littoral deltas and brackish littoral deltas. Homopycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is similar to the density of the water in the basin, defining a delta type termed homopycnal littoral deltas. Hyperpycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is higher than the density of the water in the basin, allowing the definition of three categories termed hyperpycnal littoral deltas, hyperpycnal subaqueous deltas and hyperpycnal fan deltas.
Gravity flow deposits in Mesozoic sediments of Chukotka microplate (North‐East Russia)
Authors: Tuchkova Marianna I. , Vatrushkina Elena V. , Sokolov Sergey D.
Published: February 2024

In the Mesozoic succession of the Anyui–Chukotka fold system (North‐East Russia), five stratigraphic intervals were recognised that have an abundance of gravity flow deposits. These are the Olenekian (Lower Triassic), Upper Carnian, Upper Norian, Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and Valanginian. The Triassic gravity flow deposits formed on the south‐facing, passive margin of the Chukotka microplate and consist of greywackes and lithic arenites. Palaeocurrent data indicate that the flows were directed towards the south‐east. The Olenekian gravity flow units consist of clast‐rich sandstone deposited on the continental slope, and clast‐poor sandstone deposited at the base of the slope. Upper Carnian mud‐poor sandstones were deposited at the base of the slope and the Norian thin‐bedded turbidites were upper to mid‐slope deposits. The continental margin was affected by tectonism and was uplifted in the latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic, possibly due to the initiation of the southward translation of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate. Following an Early–Middle Jurassic uplift of the area, sedimentation resumed in the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous. Several syn‐orogenic depressions (Rauchua, Pegtymel, Pevek, Myrgovaam and Kytepveem) developed on the south‐western margin of the Chukotka microplate, and deposition in these basins included gravity flow deposits at various times. In both the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and Valanginian successions, gravity flow deposits included arkosic and subarkosic sandstones with a northern source area of granitoid complexes and deformed Triassic strata. The intervening Tithonian–Berriasian gravity flow deposits consisted mainly of thin‐bedded turbidites. These sediments had a southern source, which included a volcanic arc that had accreted to the southern margin of the Chukotka microplate.
Ritualized ink use during visual courtship display by males of the sexually dimorphic cuttlefish Sepia andreana
Authors: Nakayama Arata , Momoi Shunsuke , Sato Noriyosi , Kawamura Tomohiko , Iwata Yoko
Published: February 2024

Visual display is a crucial aspect of courtship, and their success relies on both display quality and the surrounding environment, such as the visual background. Cephalopods may release ink when attacked by predators or during aggressive interactions with conspecifics. Here, we report that ink is used as a part of the courtship display by males of the cuttlefish species Sepia andreana. Males of this species engage in a highly ritualized multimodal courtship using a pair of markedly long sexually dimorphic arms. At the climax of the courtship, the male releases a diffuse backdrop of ink near himself and then performs the specific courtship display by extending his sexually dimorphic arms and altering his body pattern to pale in front of this ink backdrop, and then proceeds to mate. This novel use of cephalopod ink could make the surroundings darker and more homogeneous, potentially serving as a temporary modification of the visual environment for courtship display.
A prediction model for estimating NT‐proBNP in a general Japanese population: the Toon Health Study
Authors: Inoue Katsuji , Yamamoto Kazumichi , Higashi Haruhiko , Takata Yasunori , Inaba Shinji , Miyazaki Shigehiro , Higaki Akinori , Saito Makoto , Osawa Haruhiko , Yamaguchi Osamu
Published: February 2024

Aims

As part of the Toon Health Study, which is an ongoing population‐based cohort study, we aimed to develop a prediction model for N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in a general Japanese population. We sought to explore the influence of various demographic and clinical factors on NT‐proBNP levels and assess the model's performance. In addition, our objectives included internal validation and investigation of the diagnostic potential of the observed‐to‐predicted NT‐proBNP ratio (OPR) at baseline for predicting the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

In this prospective cohort study, participants were recruited from Toon City, Japan, as part of the larger Toon Health Study, focusing on cardiovascular risk factors. We measured the NT‐proBNP levels and used linear regression with penalization (ridge regression) to develop the model. The model incorporated 10 prespecified predictors (age, gender, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, haemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol, haemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) and underwent assessment using R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). Internal validation was conducted through bootstrapping. In a post hoc analysis, we explored the OPR's diagnostic potential using 5 year follow‐up data (n = 636) to predict the elevation of NT‐proBNP > 125 pg/mL at the 5 year follow‐up as the risk of HFpEF. A total of 2505 participants (age: 60.4 ± 12.9 years, men: 35%) were enrolled in this study. There was a linear relationship between the observed and predicted values of NT‐proBNP in which the logarithm of observed NT‐proBNP was <6, which corresponds to 403 pg/mL in NT‐proBNP. The prediction model demonstrated satisfactory performance (R2: 0.291, RMSE: 0.688), with age identified as a dominant predictor. The stability of the model was underscored by the internal validation. The OPR at baseline predicted NT‐proBNP > 125 pg/mL at the 5 year follow‐up with an area under the curve of 0.793.

Conclusions

This study introduces the first prediction model for NT‐proBNP in a general Japanese population. Although the model has acceptable performance, ongoing refinement is essential. Our transparent approach to model development, alongside a web‐based interactive tool, lays the groundwork for further improvements and external validation. The OPR holds potential for predicting the future risk of HFpEF. This research contributes to understanding the nuanced influence of patient backgrounds on levels of NT‐proBNP in asymptomatic individuals within the context of a broader population‐based cohort study.
Effect of a transitional care model following hospitalization for heart failure: 3‐year outcomes of the Patient‐Centered Care Transitions in Heart Failure (PACT‐HF) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Lee Shun Fu , Zagorski Brandon , Mebazaa Alexandre , Fonarow Gregg C. , Thabane Lehana , Van Spall Harriette G.C.
Published: February 2024

Aims

Patients are at high risk of death or readmission following hospitalization for heart failure (HF). We tested the effect of a transitional care model that included month‐long nurse‐led home visits and long‐term heart function clinic visits ‐ with services titrated to estimated risk of clinical events ‐ on 3‐year outcomes following hospitalization.

Methods and results

In a pragmatic, stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial, 10 hospitals were randomized to the intervention versus usual care. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death, readmission, or emergency department (ED) visit. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary composite outcomes, HF readmissions and healthcare resource utilization. There were 2494 patients (50.4% female) with mean age of 77.7 years. The primary outcome was reached in 1040 (94.2%) patients in the intervention and 1314 (94.5%) in the usual care group at 3 years. The intervention did not reduce the risk of the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.05) nor the component outcomes overall, although numerically reduced the risk of ED visits in women but not men (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–1.00 vs. HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80–1.19; sex‐treatment interaction p = 0.23). The uptake of guideline‐directed medical therapy was no different with the intervention than with usual care, with the exception of sacubitril/valsartan, which increased with the intervention (3.3% vs 1.5%; relative risk 6.2, 95% CI 1.92–20.06).

Conclusions

More than 9 of 10 patients hospitalized for HF experienced all‐cause death, readmission, or ED visit at 3 years. A transitional care model with services titrated to risk did not improve the composite of these endpoints, likely because there were no major differences in uptake of medical therapies between the groups.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02112227.
Chemical Recycling of Polycarbonates via Ammonolysis and Polycaprolactones by KOH‐Catalyzed Methanolysis
Authors: Shaikh Tanveer Mahmadalli , Sudalai Arumugam , Cho Kanghee , Jo Changbum
Published: February 2024

Chemical recycling polymer waste is a highly required technology to follow the current carbon‐neutral trend. Here, we present practical recycling methods for poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL). PC can be converted to bisphenol A and urea with excellent product yield at 80 °C via ammonolysis using ammonium salt (ammonium‐formate or ‐carbonate) instead of liquid ammonia that is usually used in previous PC recycling. PCL can be converted to methyl 6‐hydroxy‐hexanoate monomer with excellent yield at 80 °C via methanolysis catalyzed by KOH.
Cumulative power spectral density‐based damping estimation
Authors: Kim Wonsul , Hwang Jae‐Seung , Kwon Dae‐Kun , Kareem Ahsan
Published: February 2024

Damping is one of the critical factors in evaluating the performance of a structure under loads resulting from winds, waves, and earthquakes. Due to significant uncertainties associated with the damping mechanism and methods of its evaluation, its accurate estimation remains a challenging task. Therefore, many studies have focused on the development of damping estimation schemes. In this study, a simple yet effective scheme based on “Dynamics 101” for estimating damping in structures that draws upon attributes of the cumulative power spectral density (CPSD) function is proposed. The underlying principle is that the damping ratio can be estimated by comparing the computed CPSD of the modal response derived from measured data with the corresponding theoretical CPSD that is, defined by natural frequency and damping ratio. Unlike the jaggedness often observed in the power spectral density (PSD) that leads to uncertainty in damping estimates, the CPSD is characterized by its smoothness as it stems from the integration of the PSD. Theoretical characteristics of CPSD were utilized for extracting damping, and it was also extended to include non‐classically damped systems. Using numerically simulated data and full‐scale measurements, the validity and efficacy of the proposed scheme have been demonstrated. It is also demonstrated that this simplistic approach, requiring elementary knowledge of dynamics, yields results of the quality that match those of more advanced techniques. This offers an attractive scheme for practical applications with a promise of automation through a simple algorithm or a machine learning‐based environment.
Unveiling the importance of the interface in nanocomposite cathodes for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yin Yanru , Wang Yifan , Yang Nan , Bi Lei
Published: February 2024

Designing a high‐performance cathode is essential for the development of proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs), and nanocomposite cathodes have proven to be an effective means of achieving this. However, the mechanism behind the nanocomposite cathodes' remarkable performance remains unknown. Doping the Co element into BaZrO3 can result in the development of BaCoO3 and BaZr0.7Co0.3O3 nanocomposites when the doping concentration exceeds 30%, according to the present study. The construction of the BaCoO3/BaZr0.7Co0.3O3 interface is essential for the enhancement of the cathode catalytic activity, as demonstrated by thin‐film studies using pulsed laser deposition to simulate the interface of the BCO and BZCO individual particles and first‐principles calculations to predict the oxygen reduction reaction steps. Eventually, the H‐SOFC with a BaZr0.4Co0.6O3 cathode produces a record‐breaking power density of 2253 mW cm−2 at 700°C.
Hepatic polypeptide nutrient solution improves high‐cholesterol diet‐induced rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Yingying , Wang Jianan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Ting , Qi Xingzhong , Hou Lei , Ma Zhihong , Xu Feng
Published: February 2024

Hepatic polypeptide nutrient solution (HP) is a mixture of hepatoprotective peptides derived from fresh porcine liver with various effects. However, the role and mechanisms of HP in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still not well understood. We investigated the effects of HP NAFLD rats induced by high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were provided with HCD for 4 weeks and then received HP or metformin after 2 weeks of HCD feeding. The study found that HP reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats with NAFLD (all p < .05). Histopathological examination also showed that HP improved the liver lesions induced by the HCD diet. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of NAFLD rats treated with HP were also improved. In addition, it was discovered that HP triggered the activation of AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP‐1c and FAS while enhancing the expression of PPAR α and CPT‐1 in liver. These findings indicated that HP might have therapeutic potential for NAFLD, possibly via activating AMPK signaling pathway.
Evaluation of the physical, antioxidant, and organoleptic properties of biscuits fortified with edible flower powders
Authors: Sik Beatrix , Ajtony Zsolt , Lakatos Erika , Gál Laura Hanna , Székelyhidi Rita
Published: February 2024

Foods enriched with plants have gradually become an area of increasing research interest because plant ingredients may offer several positive effects on human health and the body. The aim of our study was to develop biscuits fortified with three different types of edible flowers (marigold, lavender, and rose) and examine their physical and antioxidant characteristics, as well as consumer acceptability. The antioxidant properties and characterization of biscuits highlighted that edible flowers may cause increased total polyphenol and total flavonoid yields, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activities. Concerning biscuits fortified with rose petals, the total monomer anthocyanin content was also raised. In addition, the results showed that the antioxidant properties of biscuits increased with increasing concentration (from 2.5% to 5.0%) of edible flowers. Despite this, the consumer acceptability results clearly showed that the addition of marigold and lavender at a concentration of 5.0% caused significantly decreased overall acceptance. We found that the fortification step may increase the spread ratio, which is an important quality attribute of biscuits. We found slight variations in the diameter, thickness, and baking loss parameters of fortified biscuits compared to the control. All in all, the best results were obtained when the biscuits were fortified with rose petals at a concentration of 5%.
Large‐scale investigation of white matter structural differences in bilingual and monolingual children: An adolescent brain cognitive development data study
Authors: Ronderos Juliana , Zuk Jennifer , Hernandez Arturo E. , Vaughn Kelly A.
Published: February 2024

Emerging research has provided valuable insights into the structural characteristics of the bilingual brain from studies of bilingual adults; however, there is a dearth of evidence examining brain structural alterations in childhood associated with the bilingual experience. This study examined the associations between bilingualism and white matter organization in bilingual children compared to monolingual peers leveraging the large‐scale data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Then, 446 bilingual children (ages 9–10) were identified from the participants in the ABCD data and rigorously matched to a group of 446 monolingual peers. Multiple regression models for selected language and cognitive control white matter pathways were used to compare white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values between bilinguals and monolinguals, controlling for demographic and environmental factors as covariates in the models. Results revealed significantly lower FA values in bilinguals compared to monolinguals across established dorsal and ventral language network pathways bilaterally (i.e., the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior frontal‐occipital fasciculus) and right‐hemispheric pathways in areas related to cognitive control and short‐term memory (i.e., cingulum and parahippocampal cingulum). In contrast to the enhanced FA values observed in adult bilinguals relative to monolinguals, our findings of lower FA in bilingual children relative to monolinguals may suggest a protracted development of white matter pathways associated with language and cognitive control resulting from dual language learning in childhood. Further, these findings underscore the need for large‐scale longitudinal investigation of white matter development in bilingual children to understand neuroplasticity associated with the bilingual experience during this period of heightened language learning.
A Scalable and Chromatography‐Free Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene]‐2‐amine, a new Hole Transport Material for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Aeschi Yves , Beck Thorsten M. , Berens Ulrich , Ernst Alexander
Published: February 2024

The title triarylamine N,N‐bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene]‐2‐amine is a new hole transport material for organic solar cells. After investigating different discovery approaches (Schemes 1 + 2), a multi gram‐scale synthetic sequence was developed (Scheme 4). The key intermediate 2‐bromo‐9‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐9H‐fluorene was accessible from 2‐bromo‐9‐fluorenone by either the sequence Grignard reaction, Et3SiH/BF3 reduction or by direct arylation of the corresponding 2‐bromo‐9‐fluorenol. Alkylation at C(9) of 2‐bromo‐9‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐9H‐fluorene with methallyl chloride and cyclization by an intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts alkylation led to the key building block 2‐bromo‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene] (Scheme 4). A Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling was employed (Scheme 3 + 4) for the assembly of the final triarylamines. The developed gram‐scale synthesis of the title compound is scalable and chromatography‐free with an overall yield >25 % over 5 steps.
CH4/air combustion in a microscale recirculating heat exchanger: Sizing design using the heat transfer approach
Authors: Mohan Sooraj , Dinesha P. , Rosen Marc A.
Published: February 2024

Microcombustors are microscale combustion devices that can be used to power microelectromechanical systems. Many combustor configurations are reported in the literature and, among them, combustion in a microscale recirculating heat exchanger is a feasible option. In this work, a simple, double‐channel, recirculating heat exchanger is considered. The novelty of the present work lies in the heat transfer analysis approach to design a microcombustor. A combustor is designed using thermal resistance networks for a premixed fuel containing a methane–air mixture in stoichiometric ratio. The length of the combustor is designed based on the position of the combustion flame. Computational fluid dynamics is utilized to validate the theoretical results. The analysis is carried out for adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions. The combustor lengths for adiabatic and nonadiabatic (ceramic) combustors vary from 39 to 242 mm and 49 to 276 mm, respectively, for variations in the mass flow rate of the premixed gases from 6 to 10 mg/s. A minimum limiting flow rate of 6 mg/s was identified. The average error in the maximum combustion gas temperatures between the theoretical and CFD results obtained in this work is 4.2%. The theoretical approach presented can be suitably applied to more complex geometries involving multichannels and variations in geometrical properties.
Hermeneutical justice as the foundation of cosmopolitan literacy in a post‐truth age
Authors: Choo Suzanne S.
Published: February 2024

Two concepts characterize the zeitgeist of the 21st century. The first is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which provides a positivistic vision of societal transformation caused by the explosion and fusion of technologies. The second is post‐truth, in which objective facts have become less influential than appeals to emotion or personal belief. The concurrent visibility of both concepts suggests their interconnection. Indeed, digital porosity, exacerbated by technological advancements, is a catalyst for post‐truth. Given this climate, cosmopolitan literacies are fundamental to promoting ethical ways of living and relating to diverse others. In this paper, I argue that what is foundational to cosmopolitan literacies is hermeneutical justice. Without hermeneutical justice, all communicative practices are liable to post‐truths and misinformed acts of justice. I begin by explaining the concept of hermeneutical justice and proceed to discuss its implications for cosmopolitan literacy practices.
Caliper, contrast enhanced‐ultrasound or laser speckle contrast imaging: Techniques to follow mice melanoma growth
Authors: Mellinger Adélie , Hersant Jeanne , Bourreau Clara , Lecoq Simon , Deveze Eva , Clere Nicolas , Henni Samir
Published: February 2024

Due to morphological characteristics, metastatic melanoma is a cancer for which vascularization is not a diagnostic criterion. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are two imaging techniques that will be explored in this study, which aims to confirm these two techniques for monitoring tumor vascularization. B16F10 cells were xenografted to C57BL/6 mice treated with anti‐PD1 or 0.9% NaCl. Tumor volume was measured daily while CEUS and LSCI were performed weekly. LSCI and CEUS analyses showed a decrease in tumor perfusion in both groups of mice. Although both CEUS and LSCI are useful for measuring tumor volume, LSCI appears to be more robust and effective for monitoring tumor microcirculation. Non‐invasive investigations are needed to better predict tumor vascularization: CEUS and LSCI have a good applicability in a mice model.
Assessing the efficacy of a 100 ps Nd:YAG laser for tattoo removal in a minipig model
Authors: Baleisis Justinas , Rudys Romualdas
Published: February 2024

Using a minipig model, we evaluated the efficacy of the 100 ps Nd:YAG laser in the removal of tattoo pigments, specifically blue, green, red, and yellow. We observed distinct pigment responses to 532/1064 nm wavelengths at various energy settings. Through a combination of clinical, spectroscopic, and histological methods, we found the 532 nm wavelength to be most effective in disrupting all colors, with notable results for green and yellow at 0.4 J/cm2 and red at 0.72 J/cm2. The 1064 nm wavelength reduced pigment in yellow (1.51 J/cm2), green (1.35 J/cm2), and blue (1.11 J/cm2) tattoos, but was surpassed by the 532 nm in efficiency. Our data underscores the crucial interplay between pigment traits and laser settings in tattoo removal. We advocate for tailored treatment strategies, integrating pigment hue and laser wavelength, to enhance removal outcomes.
Lipid extraction of high‐moisture sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kniepkamp Kai , Errico Massimiliano , Yu Miao , Roda‐Serrat Maria Cinta , Eilers Jelle‐Geert , Wark Michael , van Haren Rob
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones are the major byproduct of the cherry industry and the efficient management of this biowaste can lead to achieving the food processing sustainability aimed at by the modern food industry. Despite its significant content of lipids, the valorization of cherry stone waste as feedstock for lipid extraction appears to be limited due to the high moisture content. This study explores the primary factors that affect the yield of lipid extraction using Soxhlet, Randall and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction methods, with a particular emphasis on yield optimization for green extraction technologies (scCO2).

RESULTS

The investigation revealed an increased lipid extraction yield for scCO2 from 7.4 for dry crushed stones to 20.6 g per 100 g dry weight when the cherry kernels are separated. The high initial moisture content affected all three extraction methods, but mostly impacted the scCO2 extraction, resulting in the co‐extraction of an aqueous phase. Lipid and aqueous yield could be manipulated by time, temperature and pressure. However, no observable influence on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters was detected.

CONCLUSION

Numerous approaches are shown to enhance the lipid yield from cherry stone waste, depending on the desired outcome. When dealing with wet samples, Randall extraction proves to be the most effective method. On the other hand, scCO2 extraction presents distinct advantages, such as the extraction of food‐grade lipids and the co‐extraction of a unique aqueous phase, which comes at the expense of a reduced lipid yield. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Decrypting solvent‐free microwave as a dual green extraction: studying simultaneous extraction of essential oil and phenolics from the same biomass – valorization and outperforming traditional approaches
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Chouhan Kavi Bhushan Singh , Mandal Vivekananda
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The current research work focuses on the sustainable utilization of plant biomass so that two separate classes of phytocompounds (volatile and non‐volatile principles) can be extracted from the same biomass simultaneously. The hydro‐diffusion and gravity variant of solvent‐free microwave‐based extraction (MHG‐SFME) was attempted for the extraction of Piper betle L. essential oil (PBEO).

RESULTS

The threat of milky emulsion has been exemplified for the first time which is likely to occur when the biomass temperature exceeds a critical value (85 °C). A microwave power level of 255 W with 25 min of extraction time produced PBEO with eugenol content 123% more than that obtained with steam distillation (SD). The said optimal MHG‐SFME conditions returned PBEO with the highest phenolic (20.8 mg GAE g−1 of oil) and eugenol (657.57 μg g−1) contents. PBEO showed better thermal behavior when compared to the EO obtained from SD.

CONCLUSION

The proposed method was capable of retaining non‐volatile principles, as the retention of total phenolics in biomass after MHG‐SFME was found to be 95%, indicating reusability of the biomass for the extraction of non‐volatile principles. In contrast, the retention factor of phenolics content for SD was found to be 17.7% only. Real‐time evidence in the form of chemo‐microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was generated to understand the retention of phenolics and ultrastructural changes upon microwave exposure. Complete glandular rupture was evident in the biomass subjected to MHG‐SFME while the oil glands appeared squeezed for the biomass which underwent SD. Complete profiling of phenolics and flavonoid principles of the leftover biomass was carried out. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).