bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yangyu , Qin Lili , Ma Xiaobo , Wang Yueqi , Wu Yanhua , Jiang Jing
Published: September 2020

Background. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential step in tumour invasion and metastasis, is mainly dependent on the activities of both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study aimed to explore whether expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 alone and in combination can be used as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer (GC). Method. A total of 285 patients who had undergone tumourectomy for GC were included. Gastric tumour tissues were stained immunohistochemically to evaluate expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1. Results. Expression of MMP-7 was associated with tumour N stage and neural invasion. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that expression of MMP-7 or TIMP-1 alone cannot serve as an indicator of patient prognosis; however, coexpression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 was found to be an independent predictive factor of overall survival in patients with GC (HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.08-2.80). The results of stratified analysis also showed that the predictive value of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 coexpression was stronger in patients with N3 stage disease and not receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions. In conclusion, coexpression of MMP-7 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in gastric tumour tissues is a potential prognostic marker for GC. Greater knowledge of protein expression will lead to new paradigms and possible improvements in therapeutics.
Using Interval Operations in the Hungarian Method to Solve the Fuzzy Assignment Problem and Its Application in the Rehabilitation Problem of Valuable Buildings in Egypt
Authors: Elsisy M. A. , Elsaadany A. S. , El Sayed M. A.
Published: September 2020

Assignment problem (AP) is an entrenched tool for solving engineering and management problems. The Hungarian method is always used to fathom the AP in crisp cases. This paper presents an algorithm of finding the optimum solution of the fuzzy AP by using the modified Hungarian method. This method is utilized to get a minimum assignment cost in the fuzzy environment for a fuzzy AP. Firstly, we use the fuzzy numbers without any transformation. Secondly, the fuzzy AP is transformed into an interval AP based on the α-cut methodology. Then, the interval arithmetic operations and the order relations are applied to get the optimal solution by utilizing the modified Hungarian method. The proposed algorithm requires less efforts and time to reach optimality, compared to the existing methods. Numerical examples are given to ensure the efficiency and the validity of the proposed algorithm. A study on the reuse of many valuable buildings is presented after using different government and service buildings in a manner that does not fit with its original function and heritage value. We offer a solution based on the scientific and realistic basis for requalification according to the variables and requirements of the social, cultural, and economic environments in the environment surrounding the valuable buildings.
The Alternative Splicing Factor, MBNL1, Inhibits Glioblastoma Tumor Initiation and Progression by Reducing Hypoxia-Induced Stemness
Authors: Voss Dillon M. , Sloan Anthony , Spina Raffaella , Ames Heather M. , Bar Eli E.
Published: September 2020

Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) belong to a family of tissue-specific regulators of RNA metabolism that control premessenger RNA splicing. Inactivation of MBNL causes an adult-to-fetal alternative splicing transition, resulting in the development of myotonic dystrophy. We have previously shown that the aggressive brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM), maintains stem-like features (glioma stem cell, GSC) through hypoxia-induced responses. Accordingly, we hypothesize here that hypoxia-induced responses in GBM might also include MBNL-based alternative splicing to promote tumor progression. When cultured in hypoxia condition, GSCs rapidly exported muscleblind-like-1 (MBNL1) out of the nucleus, resulting in significant inhibition of MBNL1 activity. Notably, hypoxia-regulated inhibition of MBNL1 also resulted in evidence of adult-to-fetal alternative splicing transitions. Forced expression of a constitutively active isoform of MBNL1 inhibited GSC self-renewal and tumor initiation in orthotopic transplantation models. Induced expression of MBNL1 in established orthotopic tumors dramatically inhibited tumor progression, resulting in significantly prolonged survival. This study reveals that MBNL1 plays an essential role in GBM stemness and tumor progression, where hypoxic responses within the tumor inhibit MBNL1 activity, promoting stem-like phenotypes and tumor growth. Reversing these effects on MBNL1 may therefore, yield potent tumor suppressor activities, uncovering new therapeutic opportunities to counter this disease.

Significance:

This study describes an unexpected mechanism by which RNA-binding protein, MBNL1, activity is inhibited in hypoxia by a simple isoform switch to regulate glioma stem cell self-renewal, tumorigenicity, and progression.
Iron Induces Cell Death and Strengthens the Efficacy of Antiandrogen Therapy in Prostate Cancer Models
Authors: Bordini Jessica , Morisi Federica , Elia Angela Rita , Santambrogio Paolo , Pagani Alessia , Cucchiara Vito , Ghia Paolo , Bellone Matteo , Briganti Alberto , Camaschella Clara , Campanella Alessandro
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

In search of novel strategies to improve the outcome of advanced prostate cancer, we considered that prostate cancer cells rearrange iron homeostasis, favoring iron uptake and proliferation. We exploited this adaptation by exposing prostate cancer preclinical models to high-dose iron to induce toxicity and disrupt adaptation to androgen starvation.

Experimental Design:

We analyzed markers of cell viability and mechanisms underlying iron toxicity in androgen receptor–positive VCaP and LNCaP, castration-resistant DU-145 and PC-3, and murine TRAMP-C2 cells treated with iron and/or the antiandrogen bicalutamide. We validated the results in vivo in VCaP and PC-3 xenografts and in TRAMP-C2 injected mice treated with iron and/or bicalutamide.

Results:

Iron was toxic for all prostate cancer cells. In particular, VCaP, LNCaP, and TRAMP-C2 were highly iron sensitive. Toxicity was mediated by oxidative stress, which primarily affected lipids, promoting ferroptosis. In highly sensitive cells, iron additionally caused protein damage. High-basal iron content and oxidative status defined high iron sensitivity. Bicalutamide–iron combination exacerbated oxidative damage and cell death, triggering protein oxidation also in poorly iron-sensitive DU-145 and PC-3 cells.

In vivo, iron reduced tumor growth in TRAMP-C2 and VCaP mice. In PC-3 xenografts, bicalutamide–iron combination caused protein oxidation and successfully impaired tumor expansion while single compounds were ineffective. Macrophages influenced body iron distribution but did not limit the iron effect on tumor expansion.

Conclusions:

Our models allow us to dissect the direct iron effect on cancer cells. We demonstrate the proof of principle that iron toxicity inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, proposing a novel tool to strengthen antiandrogen treatment efficacy.
A Dorsally Located Endodermal Cyst in the Foramen Magnum Mimicking an Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Kawamura Yoichiro , Oketani Hiroshi , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Hata Nobuhiro , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Iihara Koji
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Endodermal cysts are congenital benign cystic lesions in the central nervous system and cause various symptoms. Although some have been reported in the posterior fossa, endodermal cysts located dorsal to the brainstem are extremely rare. Case Presentation: The case was of a 10-year-old girl who presented with bilateral upper limb weakness and tremor. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 4.5-cm cystic lesion with T1-weighted hypointense and T2-weighted hyperintense content in the midline of the cisterna magna dorsal to the medulla oblongata. The cyst was cerebrospinal fluid-like, causing us to suspect a symptomatic arachnoid cyst. The lucent cyst wall had no apparent attachment, and complete recovery ensued following total excision of the cyst wall. Pathology confirmed a diagnosis of endodermal cyst. Discussion/Conclusion: Herein, we review the past literature on this rare entity. An endodermal cyst in the cisterna magna tends to be less strongly attached and to show a cerebrospinal fluid-like component on magnetic resonance images that mimics an arachnoid cyst. The characteristics of dorsally located endodermal cysts may differ from those in other locations.
Mite Molecular Profile in the Th2-Polarized Moderate-to-Severe Persistent Asthma Endotype Subjected to High Allergen Exposure
Authors: González-Pérez Ruperto , Poza-Guedes Paloma , Pineda Fernando , Forstenlechner Peter , Castillo Miriam , Mederos-Luís Elena , Aumayr Martina , Matheu Víctor , Alava-Cruz Cristina , Sánchez-Machín Inmaculada
Published: September 2020

Background: The association among the IgE responses to prevailing groups of house dust mite (HDM) allergens in the concurrent asthma phenotypes has not been determined. Objective: The aim of the present study lays on a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) model to investigate the mite molecular signature in subjects with type-2 inflammation asthma. Methods: We selected patients showing a clinically relevant sensitization to HDMs with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. Skin prick test (SPT) with standardized mite extracts, a broad customized CRD serum sIgE panel including 9 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens and the related protein allergenic characterization, was investigated in all serum samples. Results: Ninety out of 93 (96.77%) patients with a positive SPT to HDM showed a concordant sIgE (≥0.35 kUA/L) to the crude extract of D. pteronyssinus. Major allergens (Der p 2, Der p 23, and Der p 1) were present in >70% of all subjects, with mid-tier allergens (Der p 5, Der p 7, and Der p 21) reaching up to 51% in the present cohort. A complex pleomorphic repertoire of HDM molecules recognized by IgE was depicted, including 38 distinct profiles. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The proposed CRD panel approach, containing the most prevalent HDM allergens, appeared to be sufficient to obtain a precise D. pteronyssinus molecular diagnosis in asthmatics with a climate-dependent high-mite allergen exposure and coexisting sensitization. A dominant role of both major and mid-tier allergens has been confirmed in moderate and severe persistent asthmatics with the preponderant Th2-high endotype.
Predictive Significance of Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein in Nasal Secretions in Recurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Wu Di , Yan Bing , Wang Yang , Zhang Luo , Wang Chengshuo
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The recurrence occurs frequently among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and predictors that could be conveniently detected during practice in outpatient service are needed. Objective: We aimed to illustrate that the concentration of Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) in nasal secretions can effectively and noninvasively predict polyp recurrence. Methods: 108 patients with CRSwNP were divided into recurrence (n = 68) and recurrence-free (n = 40) groups. Preoperative CLC concentrations in nasal secretions were collected and detected by ELISA. Polyp tissues were harvested during biopsy or endoscopic sinus surgery and were evaluated for inflammatory cells by histopathological staining. Demographic information and the clinical characteristics of each patient were reviewed for associations with recurrence. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive factors for polyp recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden index were performed to determine their predictive values. Survival analysis was performed to compare recurrence risk of patients with different CLC concentrations. Results: Sixty-eight (62.96%) patients developed recurrence during a 12- to 33-month postoperative follow-up. CLC concentrations in nasal secretions were positively correlated with eosinophil percent in polyp tissue and peripheral blood and were significantly higher in patients of the recurrence group than in the patients of the recurrence-free group (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression and ROC curve demonstrated that CLC protein in nasal secretions is predictive of polyp recurrence. According to the Youden index, a CLC concentration of 34.24 ng/mL can predict postoperative polyp recurrence with 92.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Patients with CLC concentrations higher than the cutoff value yielded a higher risk of recurrence (p < 0.001, HR = 11.31, 95% CI: 6.41–19.98). Conclusions: CLC protein in nasal secretions may serve as a promising noninvasive biomarker to predict CRSwNP recurrence.
Altered Airway Microbiota Composition in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Chenting , Zhang Tingting , Lu Wenju , Duan Xin , Luo Xiaoyun , Liu Shiyun , Chen Yuqin , Li Yi , Chen Jiyuan , Liao Jing , Zhou Dansha , Chen Xu , Feng Huazhuo , Gu Guoping , Wang Tao , Tang Haiyang , Makino Ayako , Zhong Nanshan , Yuan Jason X.-J , Yang Kai , Wang Jian
Published: September 2020

Alteration in microbiota composition of respiratory tract has been reported in the progression of many chronic lung diseases, yet, the correlation and causal link between respiratory tract microbiota and the disease development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown. This study aims to define and compare the respiratory microbiota composition in pharyngeal swab samples between patients with PH and reference subjects. A total of 118 patients with PH and 79 reference subjects were recruited, and the pharyngeal swab samples were collected to sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) V3-V4 region of respiratory microbiome. The relative abundances in patients with PH were profoundly different from reference subjects. The Ace and Sobs indexes indicated that the microbiota richness of pharynx value is significantly higher; while the community diversity value is markedly lower in patients with PH, comparing to those of the reference subjects. The microbiota on pharynx showed a different profile between the 2 groups by principal component analysis. The linear discriminant analysis effect size also revealed a significantly higher proportion of
Streptococcus
,
Lautropia
, and
Ralstonia
in patients with PH than reference subjects. The linear discriminant analysis effect size output, which represents the microbial gene functions, suggest genes related to bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, bacterial toxins were enhanced, while genes related to energy metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and cell division pathways were attenuated in patients with PH versus reference subjects. In summary, our study reports the first systematic definition and divergent profile of the upper respiratory tract microbiota between patients with PH and reference subjects.
Contemporary Incidence and Prevalence of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Australia Using Linked Data: The Case for Policy Change
Authors: Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Bond‐Smith Daniela , Seth Rebecca J. , Dempsey Karen , Cannon Jeffrey , Stacey Ingrid , Wade Vicki , de Klerk Nicholas , Greenland Melanie , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Brown Alex , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Wyber Rosemary , Nedkoff Lee , Hung Joe , Bessarab Dawn , Ralph Anna P.
Published: September 2020

Background

In 2018, the World Health Organization prioritized control of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), including disease surveillance. We developed strategies for estimating contemporary ARF/RHD incidence and prevalence in Australia (2015–2017) by age group, sex, and region for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians based on innovative, direct methods.

Methods and Results

This population‐based study used linked administrative data from 5 Australian jurisdictions. A cohort of ARF (age <45 years) and RHD cases (<55 years) were sourced from jurisdictional ARF/RHD registers, surgical registries, and inpatient data. We developed robust methods for epidemiologic case ascertainment for ARF/RHD. We calculated age‐specific and age‐standardized incidence and prevalence. Age‐standardized rate and prevalence ratios compared disease burden between demographic subgroups. Of 1425 ARF episodes, 72.1% were first‐ever, 88.8% in Indigenous people and 78.6% were aged <25 years. The age‐standardized ARF first‐ever rates were 71.9 and 0.60/100 000 for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous populations, respectively (age‐standardized rate ratio=124.1; 95% CI, 105.2–146.3). The 2017 Global Burden of Disease RHD prevalent counts for Australia (<55 years) underestimate the burden (1518 versus 6156 Australia‐wide extrapolated from our study). The Indigenous age‐standardized RHD prevalence (666.3/100 000) was 61.4 times higher (95% CI, 59.3–63.5) than non‐Indigenous (10.9/100 000). Female RHD prevalence was double that in males. Regions in northern Australia had the highest rates.

Conclusions

This study provides the most accurate estimates to date of Australian ARF and RHD rates. The high Indigenous burden necessitates urgent government action. Findings suggest RHD may be underestimated in many high‐resource settings. The linked data methods outlined here have potential for global applicability.
Mortality in Patients With Right Bundle‐Branch Block in the Absence of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gaba Prakriti , Pedrotty Dawn , DeSimone Christopher V. , Bonikowske Amanda R. , Allison Thomas G. , Kapa Suraj
Published: September 2020

Background

Right bundle‐branch block (RBBB) occurs in 0.2% to 1.3% of people and is considered a benign finding. However, some studies have suggested increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate risk attributable to incidental RBBB in patients without prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and Results

We reviewed the Mayo Clinic Integrated Stress Center database for exercise stress tests performed from 1993 to 2010. Patients with no known CVD—defined as absence of coronary disease, structural heart disease, heart failure, or cerebrovascular disease—were selected. Only Minnesota residents were included, all of whom had full mortality and outcomes data. There were 22 806 patients without CVD identified; 220 of whom (0.96%) had RBBB, followed for 6 to 23 years (mean 12.4±5.1). There were 8256 women (36.2%), mean age was 52±11 years; and 1837 deaths (8.05%), including 645 cardiovascular‐related deaths (2.83%), occurred over follow‐up. RBBB was predictive of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0;
P
=0.0058) and cardiovascular‐related mortality (HR,1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.8;
P
=0.0178) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, current and past history of smoking, and use of a heart rate‐lowering drug. Patients with RBBB exhibited more hypertension (34.1% versus 23.7%,
P
<0.0003), decreased functional aerobic capacity (82±25% versus 90±24%;
P
<0.0001), slower heart rate recovery (13.5±11.5 versus 17.1±9.4 bpm;
P
<0.0001), and more dyspnea (28.2% versus 22.4%;
P
<0.0399) on exercise testing.

Conclusions

Patients with RBBB without CVD have increased risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular‐related mortality, and lower exercise tolerance. These data suggest RBBB may be a marker of early CVD and merit further prospective evaluation.
High Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Increased Plaque Vulnerability of Carotid in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Peng Min , Wang Ling , Xia Yaqian , Tao Lei , Liu Yujing , Huang Feihong , Li Shun , Gong Xiuqun , Liu Xinfeng , Xu Gelin
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:

Long-term dietary patterns can influence the intensity of systemic inflammation and, therefore, the development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and vulnerability characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Patients with ischemic stroke within 7 days of onset were enrolled. DII was calculated from 32 food components with the help of a food frequency questionnaire. Vulnerable plaque was defined as presence of artery positive remodeling (remodeling index >1.1) and low CT attenuation plaques (<35 HU) on carotid arteries by computed tomography angiography.

Results:

Of the 398 enrolled patients, 144 (36.2%) were detected with vulnerable plaque. Their DII ranged from −4.58 to 4.18. Patients with vulnerable plaques consumed less nutrients with anti-inflammatory properties, less fruits and vegetables (85.6±64.3 versus 94.6±74.4 g/d,
P
=0.027), and less nuts (5.66±7.14 versus 8.84±15.9 g/d,
P
=0.024) than patients without vulnerable plaques. Patients with vulnerable plaque had higher DII than patients without vulnerable plaque (−0.26±1.54 versus −0.64±1.53,
P
=0.018). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DII was associated with vulnerable plaques after adjusted for major confounding factors (odds ratio=1.307; 95% CI, 1.113–1.533).

Conclusions:

DII is associated with the vulnerability of carotid plaques in patients with ischemic stroke. Considering a possible causal relationship, the mechanisms underlying the association between diet and atherosclerosis warrant further study.
Hoya gaoligongensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Yunnan, SW China

Authors: ZHAO MING-XU , WANG HENG-YING , YIN ZHI-JIAN , WANG MENG-JUN , YANG JIN-CHAO , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: September 2020

We describe and illustrate Hoya gaoligongensis M.X. Zhao & Y.H. Tan (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species native to mid-elevation moist evergreen broadleaved forests of Longling, Yunnan, SW China. We further compare the primary diagnostic morphological characters of H. gaoligongensis to its close relatives, H. yuennanensis Hand.-Mazz. and H. globulosa Hook.f. Compared with these two species, H. gaoligongensis has narrower long-oblanceolate leaves, much smaller lateral vein branch angles, and inconspicuous lateral veins. Although the corolla is similar in all three species, the relative positions of outer and inner corona lobe processes serve as a key character distinguishing these species. A side view of the corona of H. gaoligongensis shows that the outer lobe process is only slightly higher than the inner process, while the corresponding parts of H. yuennanensis are much higher, and those of H. globulosa are at almost equal heights. In addition, the glabrescent leaves and stems of both H. gaoligongensis and H. yuennanensis separate these taxa from H. globulosa.
Periconia citlaltepetlensis sp. nov. (Periconiaceae, Pleosporales): a psychrotolerant fungus from high elevation volcanic glacier (Mexico)

Authors: CALVILLO-MEDINA ROSA P. , COBOS-VILLAGRÁN AURORA , RAYMUNDO TANIA
Published: September 2020

Periconia citlaltepetlensis sp. nov. is the first record of a fungus identified to species level from high elevation volcanic glacier in Mexico. It is a novel dothideomycete species supported by morphological, cultural characters and phylogenetic analysis (nucleotide sequences data rDNA analysis). The new species is characterized by conidiophores often with 2–4 enteroblastic, percurrent proliferations, large, globose, golden brown or reddish brown conidia that are borne singly or in basipetal chains, verrucose to irregular lobate crests, born singly or in basipetal chains of two conidia; acropetally proliferating; conidiogenesis holoblastic. The morphology of P. citlaltepetlensis is compared to other Periconia species and a detailed description and morphological illustrations are provided.
Description of a new species of the Melanorivulus pictus species-group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Rio Paraná basin in Brazil
Authors: YWAMOTO ERIC VENTURINI , NIELSEN DALTON TAVARES BRESSANE , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO
Published: September 2020

A new species of the genus Melanorivulus belonging to the Melanorivulus pictus species group is herein described, from a tributary of the Rio Grande, Rio Paraná basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of the Melanorivulus pictus species group by the unique presence of sides of body of males light bluish gray with 10–12 oblique red bars, 8 of which chevron-like, bifurcated and complete, i.e., running from dorsum to ventral area, and 2–4 incomplete, with vertices of the chevron-like bars along midbody, pointing forward. Comments on the putative relationships of the new species, as well as concerning its conservation status, are presented.
The species of the genus Plator Simon, 1880 in India (Araneae: Trochanteriidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: September 2020

Plator species described in India are revised based on the type materials deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Five species are known in India, of which three are known only from females while the remaining two are from both sexes. All the type materials examined are imaged and redescribed.
New replacement name for a homonym in Lepeophtheirus (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae)
Authors: KAKUI KEIICHI , UYENO DAISUKE
Published: September 2020

Markevich (1940) established Pseudolepeophtheirus Markevich, 1940 for Pseudolepeophtheirus longicauda Markevich, 1940 based on copepods collected from the pleuronectid fish Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787). Dojiri & Ho (2013) synonymized the genus and the species with Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832 and Lepeophtheirus parvicruris Fraser, 1920, respectively. Later, Homma et al. (2020) resurrected Markevich’s species as a member of Lepeophtheirus, i.e., as L. longicauda (Markevich, 1940). The last component of the names of both genera is ‘phtheirus’ (transliterated from the Greek φθειρ; Nordmann 1832: 30), a masculine noun, and thus under Article 30.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereinafter, Code; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), both generic names are also masculine. The species-group name longicauda might be regarded as either a noun in apposition or as an adjective in the feminine gender, and Markevich (1940) did not specify his intention in this regard. Bearing in mind that ‘cauda’, meaning ‘tail’, actually is a feminine Latin noun and that Markevich did not change the final ‘-a’ to ‘-us’ to match the masculine gender of the genus, we deem that longicauda Markevich, 1940 is a noun in apposition, a position supported by Article 31.2.2 of the Code.
Automated Activity Estimation of the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa by Multispectral Imaging and Computational Pixel Classification
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Büscher Janina V. , Köser Kevin , Greinert Jens , Song Hong , Chen Ying , Schoening Timm
Published: September 2020

The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa builds up bioherms that sustain high biodiversity in the deep ocean worldwide. Photographic monitoring of the polyp activity represents a helpful tool to characterize the health status of the corals and to assess anthropogenic impacts on the microhabitat. Discriminating active polyps from skeletons of white Lophelia pertusa is usually time consuming and error prone due to their similarity in color in common red–green–blue (RGB) camera footage. Acquisition of finer-resolved spectral information might increase the contrast between the segments of polyps and skeletons, and therefore could support automated classification and accurate activity estimation of polyps. For recording the needed footage, underwater multispectral imaging systems can be used, but they are often expensive and bulky. Here we present results of a new, lightweight, compact, and low-cost deep-sea tunable LED-based underwater multispectral imaging system (TuLUMIS) with eight spectral channels. A branch of healthy white Lophelia pertusa was observed under controlled conditions in a laboratory tank. Spectral reflectance signatures were extracted from pixels of polyps and skeletons of the observed coral. Results showed that the polyps can be better distinguished from the skeleton by analysis of the eight-dimensional spectral reflectance signatures compared to three-channel RGB data. During a 72-h monitoring of the coral with a half-hour temporal resolution in the laboratory, the polyp activity was estimated based on the results of the multispectral pixel classification using a support vector machine (SVM) approach. The computational estimated polyp activity was consistent with that of the manual annotation, which yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.957.
Cochlear Implants in Young Children with Usher'S Syndrome
Authors: Young N. M. , Johnson J. C. , Mets M. B. , Hain T. C.
Published: September 2020

Usher's syndrome (US) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. The majority of affected individuals have severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and are therefore potential cochlear implant candidates. A goal of our otology program has been early identification and implantation of children with US. At our center, early diagnosis of US has been achieved by comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation including electroretinography. Four of our 19 pediatric cochlear implant recipients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss were identified with US and implanted prior to the onset of signs or symptoms of visual loss. All children have received measurable benefit from cochlear implantation. In light of the dual sensory deficits present in US, the need for early diagnosis and cochlear implantation is of special importance in this population.
Patterns of support and conflict relationships in personal networks and perceived stress
Authors: Aeby Gaëlle , Gauthier Jacques-Antoine , Widmer Eric D
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the association between personal networks and stress, both positively through support and negatively through conflict. In a representative sample of 755 individuals residing in Switzerland, each individual was asked to name people in their lives who they perceived as very important, as well as to report their mutual support and conflict interactions. First, the article develops and investigates a typology with five relational patterns based on indicators of emotional support and conflict relationships in personal networks. These patterns are the following: bonding social capital, bridging social capital, ego-centered conflict, overload, and ambivalent. Second, it explores the association of these patterns with stress levels that are perceived in various life domains. Results show that individuals involved in relationships that were predominantly supportive had lower levels of stress, whereas individuals experiencing relationships characterized by conflict, or an imbalance in support by giving more than receiving, had higher levels of stress. Finally, ambivalent relationships in which support and conflict were equally present were associated with an intermediate level of stress. These results show the importance of considering support and conflict relationships together in personal network structures.
A review of mechanical drilling on fiber metal laminates
Authors: Bonhin Eduardo Pires , David-Müzel Sarah , de Sampaio Alves Manoel Cléber , Botelho Edson Cocchieri , Ribeiro Marcos Valério
Published: September 2020

The use of fiber metal laminates (FML) in aeronautics components has been increased in the last years, mainly due to the gain in mechanical properties combined with low specific mass. However, in the assembly of these materials on the structures to which they will be attached, mechanical screwing is still the main method used, which requires the performance of drilling processes. Something it is very complicated for these materials and can cause damage that compromises the performance. Therefore, this work aims to approach and summarize the evolution of the mechanical drilling process on FML developed in the last years. By the work, the main problems that occur during the drilling of these materials are punctually approached, such as delamination, burr formation, dimensional error, poor roughness, and tool wear. In addition, it is presented how these problems are affected by the machining parameters (cutting parameters, geometry, material/coating tool, and cutting environment), as well as suggestions for minimizing process problems. Thus, the article intends to provide as much information as possible available in the literature, seeking to help researchers gain a comprehensive view of the mechanical drilling of fiber metal laminates.
Do Social Bonds Matter? Social Control Theory and Its Relationship to Desistance From Substance Abuse in China
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Liu Jianhong , Boateng Francis D. , Cui Shan , Shuai Honglan
Published: September 2020

This study examines the effects of social bonds on drug users’ desistance from substance abuse, with a special focus on testing the applicability of social control theory in the context of China. Using data from a sample of 419 Chinese drug users, this study reveals salient influences of such bonding variables as familial attachment, involvement, belief, and parenthood on drug users’ confidence and efforts in achieving abstinence, providing some support for the arguments of social control theory. Given the limitations of institutional response in dealing with substance abuse issues, these findings have important policy implications for the direction of efforts to encourage desistance-related behavior among substance abusers.
The Long Arm of Social Integration: Gender, Adolescent Social Networks, and Adult Depressive Symptom Trajectories
Authors: Kamis Christina , Copeland Molly
Published: September 2020

Peer connections in adolescence shape mental health in ways that differ by gender. However, it is unclear whether this association has an enduring impact on life course mental health. Using growth models with survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health Waves I–IV, N = 13,821, 51% white, 49% male), we examine how two dimensions of social integration during adolescence—popularity and sociality—predict depressive symptom trajectories from adolescence to adulthood (ages 12–32) by gender. We find that for both men and women, low sociality predicts higher depressive levels through adolescence into adulthood. For women, higher popularity predicts greater depressive symptoms in adolescence, followed by a steeper decline to lower levels in early adulthood. Overall, this study suggests that social integration among peers in adolescence has long-term consequences for mental health that vary by gender.
Marketing Agility: The Concept, Antecedents, and a Research Agenda
Authors: Kalaignanam Kartik , Tuli Kapil R. , Kushwaha Tarun , Lee Leonard , Gal David
Published: September 2020

Changes in the way customers shop, accompanied by an explosion of customer touchpoints and fast-changing competitive and technological dynamics, have led to an increased emphasis on agile marketing. The objective of this article is to conceptualize and investigate the emerging concept of marketing agility. The authors synthesize the literature from marketing and allied disciplines and insights from in-depth interviews with 22 senior managers. Marketing agility is defined as the extent to which an entity rapidly iterates between making sense of the market and executing marketing decisions to adapt to the market. It is conceptualized as occurring across different organizational levels and shown to be distinct from related concepts in marketing and allied fields. The authors highlight the firm challenges in executing marketing agility, including ensuring brand consistency, scaling agility across the marketing ecosystem, managing data privacy concerns, pursuing marketing agility as a fad, and hiring marketing leaders. The authors identify the antecedents of marketing agility at the organizational, team, marketing leadership, and employee levels and provide a roadmap for future research. The authors caution that marketing agility may not be well-suited for all firms and all marketing activities.
More than Words: A Multidimensional Approach to Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Mendonça Ricardo Fabrino , Ercan Selen A , Asenbaum Hans
Published: September 2020

Since its inception, a core aspiration of deliberative democracy has been to enable more and better inclusion within democratic politics. In this article, we argue that deliberative democracy can achieve this aspiration only if it goes beyond verbal forms of communication and acknowledges the crucial role of non-verbal communication in expressing and exchanging arguments. The article develops a multidimensional approach to deliberative democracy by emphasizing the visual, sonic and physical dimensions of communication in public deliberation. We argue that non-verbal modes of communication can contribute to public deliberation when they (1) are used as part of reason-giving processes, (2) enable the inclusion of marginalized actors in public debates and (3) induce reflection and encourage new ways of thinking about the public controversies at hand.
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Utility of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Predicting Behavioral Treatment Response in Children with Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Little Kelcey , Raiker Joseph , Coxe Stefany , Campez Mileini , Jusko Morgan , Smith Jessica , Gnagy Elizabeth , Greiner Andrew , Villodas Miguel , Coles Erika , Pelham William E.
Published: September 2020

Interest in symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) has led to a number of studies evaluating how these symptoms respond to treatment commonly utilized in youths with symptoms of ADHD. No study to date, however, has examined the extent to which symptoms of SCT predict behavioral treatment response in youths across multiple domains of functioning. The current preliminary investigation integrates a number of methodological (e.g., direct observations) and analytic (e.g., Poisson regression) refinements to evaluate the extent to which symptoms of SCT predict treatment responses across multiple domains including behavioral (e.g., interruptions, rule violations), social (e.g., social skills, negative verbalizations), and severe behavioral difficulties (e.g., intentional aggression) above and beyond other demographic characteristics (e.g., symptom severity, Full Scale Intelligence Quotient [FSIQ]). A relatively small sample of 37 children, aged six to 12 years ( M = 8.03, SD = 1.83, 35 males: 2 females) attending an eight week multi-component intensive behavioral treatment program for youths with behavioral difficulties participated in the current study. Baseline parental perceptions of SCT were collected prior to the initiation of treatment. Results from this preliminary investigation revealed that pre-treatment SCT symptoms only predicted a less robust treatment response to time out which was associated also with parent’s perceptions of underlying working memory problems. Results revealed also that pre-treatment SCT symptoms failed to predict paraprofessional counselor’s and teacher’s improvement ratings of both rule following and social skills following treatment. Notably, other potential predictors (e.g., symptom severity, FSIQ) also largely failed to predict behavioral treatment response.
Scientific Mapping of English Language Teaching Research in the Philippines: A Bibliometric Review of Doctoral and Master’s Theses (2010–2018)
Authors: Barrot Jessie S. , Acomular Denson R. , Alamodin Editha A. , Argonza Ria Cristina R.
Published: September 2020

Very few studies have comprehensively mapped out the landscape of English language teaching (ELT) research, particularly those that are not accessible to wider international readership. Thus, this bibliometric study examines ELT doctoral and master’s theses in the Philippines. A total of 98 theses and dissertations completed between 2010 and 2018 were collected from various Philippine universities. Quantitative analysis was used to examine the characteristics and topical foci of the selected studies. Findings reveal that most of the theses and dissertations mainly focussed on only four ELT areas. The other 17 areas remain underexplored ( N = 11) or unexplored ( N = 6). Findings further suggest that there has been a lack of direction and slow expansion of ELT research areas in the country. This trend is primarily attributed to the absence of clear ELT research agenda. Implications for English language education, teacher education, and future direction for ELT research in the country are discussed.
Brief Motivational Intervention for Substance Use may Decrease Violence Among Heavy Alcohol Users in a Jail Diversion Program
Authors: Catterall Imogen , Mitchell Sean M. , Dhingra Katie , Conner Kenneth R. , Swogger Marc T.
Published: September 2020

Rates of harmful alcohol use are high among justice-involved individuals and may contribute to violent recidivism. Robust treatments for alcohol-related violence in criminal justice systems are thus a public health priority. In this analysis of existing randomized controlled trial data ( N = 105), we examined the impact of a brief motivational intervention (BMI) for harmful substance use on violent recidivism among individuals in a pretrial jail diversion program. Results indicated that, after controlling for violence history, the intervention’s impact on violent recidivism was moderated by baseline harmful alcohol use. Specifically, among people with severe alcohol problems at baseline, the BMI + standard care group had less violent recidivism at a 1-year follow-up than participants randomized to standard care alone. This finding was unchanged when we accounted for psychopathic traits. Our study provides preliminary evidence that a BMI may be useful for decreasing violent recidivism among heavy drinkers in criminal justice systems.
An Unusually Large Object Removed From the Upper Esophagus in a Patient With Self Harm Syndrome
Authors: Lai Michael J. , Morganstein Jace , Deckard Nathan , Koshkareva Yekaterina
Published: September 2020

A 32-year-old female with a history of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia was transported to our tertiary-care hospital after swallowing a large toilet paper holder bracket. Removal of the large foreign body required coordination between anesthesiology, otolaryngology, and trauma surgery. A tracheostomy airway was established, and the object was removed transorally. The object was found to be a toilet paper holder bracket measuring 7.5 cm × 5.4 cm × 5.4 cm with a 2.6 cm screw protruding from the end. A review of articles describing the removal of foreign bodies from the upper aerodigestive tract found our object to be the largest foreign body ingestion described in literature. One report suggested that 18% of adult patients with foreign body ingestions had primary neuropsychiatric disorders. Our patient’s psychiatric disorder was a major underlying factor leading to the ingestion, with our patient reporting hallucinations instructing her to ingest household objects.
Computed Tomography Findings of Complete Branchial Cleft Fistula
Authors: King Jackson , Mitchell Brian
Published: September 2020

Branchial cleft anomalies are embryonic remnants of the branchial arches and are described as the second most common congenital neck mass. Depending on their extent, these anomalies are classified as a cyst, sinus, or fistula with branchial cysts being the most common. Branchial cysts deriving from the second branchial arch are by far the most common, accounting for approximately 95% of all cases. Complete second branch arch fistulas with both an internal and external opening are a rare variant of this anomaly, and even less have been well-documented on computed tomography (CT) imaging in the literature. We present here a case of a 20-year-old female with CT findings consistent with a complete second branchial arch fistula extending from the tonsillar fossa to the external lateral neck.
Triple Role Overload: Working, Parenting, and Navigating Public Benefits
Authors: Freeman Amanda , Dodson Lisa
Published: September 2020

Much has been written about work–family conflict for professional women, while little attention has focused on poor working mothers. Stuck in low-wage jobs, millions of working mothers rely on public benefits to supplement poverty wages. This article looks at the ways in which work–family–welfare conflict affected mothers’ ability to maintain a stable family and work life. Using interview data and focus group data collected in Colorado, Georgia, and Massachusetts, the article uncovers the intersecting demands these mothers face and the ways in which they are ill-equipped to deal with these demands. The qualitative data are mothers’ voices as they discuss the demands of parenting and work, as well as the regulations of public programs. In contrast to middle and upper-income mothers who may purchase forms of help to ease work–family tensions, poor mothers rely on government programs to offset insufficient earnings. Our findings suggest these government programs may exacerbate work–family conflict for poor mothers.
Examining the Relationship between Social Support and Interracial Divorce in Louisiana
Authors: Grether Scott T. , Jones Antwan
Published: September 2020

This study examines how social support is related to divorce among interracial couples in Louisiana. Using longitudinal, couple-level data from the Marriage Matters Survey, we analyze how measures generally associated with divorce (e.g., couple-level characteristics, individual characteristics, and premarital events) operate similarly within interracial and same-race unions, and whether these measures moderate the relationship between social support and divorce among interracial couples. Results indicate that interracial marriages are not more likely to divorce than same-race unions, and lacking social support does not predict divorce for any marriage. Irrespective of marriage type, premarital counseling reduces the odds of divorce, while marriages with women who had more education than their husband and who cohabitated with someone other than their husband prior to marriage increase the likelihood of divorce. This study contributes towards understanding the mechanisms associated with interracial divorce and questions the claim that interracial marriages are less stable than same-race marriages.
The Journey of Professional Football Career: Challenges and Reflections
Authors: Acheampong Ernest Yeboah
Published: September 2020

The problem of corruption and mismanagement of state resources by governments in Africa has impoverished the continent, throwing many families into daunting challenges. The youth, consequently, is underpowered and unproductive to self-support their own social lives. To accomplish their dreams, some youths turn to social groups through football. This study analyzes the profile of a boy enduring several challenges in search for survival at a tender age. The social activity of football eventually supported the boy’s reintegration in the streets. Relying on social integration theory and interviews, this study exposes how African youths attempt to achieve self-reliance through football in the communities. Findings reveal how the boy’s experiences on the street and in Europe reshaped his livelihood and support for society. Further description of the boy’s lived experience and his socioeconomic contributions to society is outlined.