ANALYSIS OF ERRORS OCCURRING DURING TOOTH MILLING OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF TOOTH PROCESSING
Authors:   KAMAZ PJSC, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, PASHKOV Michael , AVVAKUMOV Ilya ,   Department Design and technology of machine-building industries of Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev – KAI, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, ABBASOVA Heyran ,   Department of Machine Building Technology, Azerbaijan Technical University, SHABİYEV Elgun ,   Department of Machine Building Technology, Azerbaijan Technical University, ABBASOVA Irada ,   Department of Machine Building Technology, Azerbaijan Technical University
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the issues of determining and analyzing errors in the formation of gears by gear hobbing in the conditions of large-scale machine-building production. An analysis of some errors was carried out. The work identified the following main types of errors that arise during the machining of gears: radial, tangential, axial, producing surfaces. Each of these types has been analyzed in sufficient detail, and a table of the influence of errors in the technological system on the main parameters of the producing surface of the tool has been compiled. In addition, the work analyzes and systematizes the factors of the technological system that affect the accuracy of the formation of gears. All errors are considered in one small period of time and then approximated in time. This approach avoids the problem of heterogeneity of errors. Thus, a generalized universal model of the structure of machine errors is formed. Next, by obtaining mathematical models for each error, a model of the errors of the technological system is formed. The article provides a classification of hob gear cutters. Here we distinguish involute, convolute and Archimedean cutters. The article states that the errors in the relative positions of each conjugated point of the generating and machined contours are composed of: a) errors in the relative position of the tool and the workpiece in space, created by inaccuracies in the manufacture and setup of the machine and fixtures, as well as inaccuracies in the rolling movements; b) errors in the profile of the generating contour (tool) itself. It is indicated that in the manufacture of gears using the profile copying method, the errors of the tool itself and the location of the tool and the workpiece on the machine, the geometric accuracy and rigidity of the machine are of greatest importance. When machining gears using the rolling method, the kinematic and dynamic accuracy of the machine increases. An analytical dependence is provided—a formula—that considers a combination of factors affecting the accuracy of the tooth profile to varying degrees. The provisions put forward in this work in terms of accounting and systematization of gear machining errors play an important role. In conclusion, the article provides recommendations for improving the quality of processing of gear teeth, as well as constructing a threedimensional model of the interaction of three elements of the technological system: machine - hob gear cutter - workpiece.