bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials
Authors: Klett James E. , Hillock David
Published: March 2024

Herbicides were applied to container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated on the basis of weed control and phytotoxicity. During the 1994 season, seven preemergent herbicides, napropamide (Devrinol) at 4.5 and 9.1 kg·ha–1, metolachlor (Pennant) at 4.5 and 9.1 kg·ha–1, isoxaben (Gallery) at 1.1 and 2.3 kg·ha–1, oxadiazon (Ronstar) at 4.5 and 9.1 kg·ha–1, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin (Rout) at 3.4 and 13.6 kg·ha–1, oryzalin (Surflan) at 2.8 and 4.5 kg·ha–1, and trifluralin (Treflan) at 4.5 and 9.1 kg·ha–1, were tested on Aquilegia caerulea `McKana's Giant', Digitalis purpurea, Gaillardia aristata, Limonium latifolium, and Veronica spicata. Isoxaben (both rates) resulted in visual phytotoxicity symptoms and death to Digitalis. Metolachlor (both rates) resulted in plant death to Veronica. Pennant (both rates), when applied to Limonium, resulted in stunted growth. Aquilegia and Gaillardia were not adversely affected. Most herbicides controlled both dicot and monocot weeds effectively.
Sugars and Respiration Profiles in Asparagus Spears and Changes during Storage
Authors: Silva Silvanda , Verlinden Sven , Herner Robert , Beaudry Randolph
Published: March 2024

Base-to-tip profiles of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and respiration rate were measured for asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears stored at 0C. Fructose content was ≈3-fold and 4-fold higher than glucose and sucrose, respectively. The highest level of fructose was found in the base and was ≈15-fold higher than the tip. The changes in asparagus metabolism were characterized by loss of sucrose and a high rate of respiration within the first hours after harvest. Sucrose was more rapidly lost than the other sugars during this period. The respiration rate was measured along the length of intact spears at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after harvest. Subsequent measurements were taken after larger time intervals for 23 days. The respiration rate declined rapidly to ≈60% of the initial rate within 12 h, decreasing more slowly thereafter. Initially, the respiration rate of the tip was about four times that of the base, but, after 23 days, the respiration rate of the tip was only twice that of the base. Sucrose content and respiration rates were closely correlated.
Partitioning of a Drought-induced Root Signal within the Fragaria chiloensis Plant
Authors: Archbold Douglas D. , Cheng Lailiang
Published: March 2024

Plants of Fragaria chiloensis cv. RCP-37 were grown with their root system split between two separate containers. Water was withheld from one container of each pair (drought side), while the other was subirrigated. Control plants were subirrigated in both containers. Over several days, a drought-side leaf exhibited reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (T), while a subirrigated side leaf showed no change in either parameter. However, foliar water relations components (water, osmotic, and pressure potential) did not differ between the two leaves. The leaf on the subirrigated side exhibited gs, T, and water relations components similar to leaves on control plants. The abscisic acid (ABA) content of xylem exudate, collected from a stolon emerging from the axils of the measured leaves, was highest from the drought side and was negatively correlated to gs and T at some sampling dates. A root-derived drought stress signal, perhaps ABA, although other factors cannot be discounted, was limited within the plant to the drought side, even though water relations components indicated that water from the subirrigated side was allocated to all parts of the plant.
Inheritance of Resistance to Iron Deficiency in Dry Beans
Authors: Cortinas-Escobar H.M. , Scheuring Douglas C. , Gerik Thomas J. , Miller J. Creighton
Published: March 2024

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars differ in their response to iron deficiency when grown on calcareous soils. This response is influenced by environmental factors such as soil pH, soil texture, presence of bicarbonates, organic matter, and temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis for resistance to iron deficiency in beans. Crosses between nine resistant and three susceptible cultivars/lines were made in the greenhouse during Spring 1994, and F2 seeds from 12 different crosses were obtained in the summer. Seed of the parental and F2 generations were planted near Temple, Texas, during Fall 1994. The color (greenness) of 1482 F2 plants was measured using a chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502) 35 days after planting. Chi-square analysis showed a good fit to a 15:1 ratio of resistant: susceptible plants. The F2 segregation suggests that two dominant genes are involved in the response to iron deficiency in dry beans, and when either dominant gene is present, resistance is expressed to some degree.
The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables
Authors: Papadopoulos A.P. , Shipp J.L , Jarvis W.R. , Jewett T.J. , Clarke N.D.
Published: March 2024

Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.
Occurrence of Winter-kill to Apple Trees in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and Its Relation to Autumn and Winter Temperatures
Authors: Caprio J.M. , Quamme H.A. , Berard R.
Published: March 2024

Winter freeze events, identified by horticulturists to lower yields or kill trees (estimates vary by year from 1000 to >200,000 trees), have occurred in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia 18 times in 94 years (1 in 5 years). To determine the association of winter temperatures and production, 72 years (1920–91) were separated into quartiles by level of production. Then, a maximum χ2 value was produced by a scanning iterative technique comparing each of the extreme quartiles with the combined mid-quartiles. A strong association was found between level of production and the low minimum temperatures in November, December, and February but not January. This result agrees with the historical records that indicate three winter-kill events occurred in November, five in December, one in January, and three in February during the same time period. Warm temperatures in September were associated with low production, indicating the possibility that warm temperatures at this time delay acclimation. Warm temperatures in January also were associated with low production, indicating a possible effect in hastening deacclimation.
Preplant Superphosphate Amendment and Leaching Fraction on Growth of Potted Poinsettia
Authors: Ku Catherine S.M.
Published: March 2024

Earlier study indicates that greenhouse crop production may be an overlooked point source of P pollution. A potential strategy to reduce P leaching may be to eliminate superphosphate amendment in soilless medium. Single-pinched `Amy' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in 15-cm pots were grown in a soilless medium of 3 peat: 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (by volume). A treatment combination of preplant, finely ground, single superphosphate (SSP) (0N–8.8P–0K) amendment at 0 or 172 mg/pot and leaching fractions (LFs) of 0 and 0.2 were evaluated in a completely randomized design during a 10.5-week study. Plants received constant liquid fertigation with 7.8 mg P/liter and 210 mg N/liter from modified Hoagland solution #1. The total P applied via fertigation ranged from ≈38 mg at 0 LF to ≈50 mg at 0.2 LF. The leachate P concentration ranged from 4 mg/liter to 38 mg/liter. There was no significant difference in yield due to SSP and LF. Across all treatments, mean fresh mass was 36 g, mean dry mass was 5.9 g, mean leaf area was 980 cm2, and mean bract area was 1900 cm2.
Influence of Daylength Delivery on Flowering in Several Herbaceous Perennial Species
Authors: Hamaker Cheryl , Carlson William H. , Heins Royal D. , Cameron Arthur C.
Published: March 2024

To determine the most effective lighting strategies for flower induction of long-day (LD) plants, 10 species of herbaceous perennials were chilled at 5C for 0 or 12 weeks and then forced at 20C under the following photoperiods: short day, 4-h night interruption (4-h NI), 7-h night interruption (7-h NI), 7-h day extension, 7-h predawn (7-h PD), and 24-h continuous light (24-h). All treatments consisted of a 9-h photoperiod of sunlight supplemented with 90 μmol·m–2 from HPS lamps. LD treatments were delivered by incandescent lights and induced flowering in obligate LD plants. Rate of flowering, height, and bud number at first flower varied among species and LD treatments. Although flowering was accelerated under 24-h and 7-h NI for most species, it was delayed under 24 h for Coreopsis verticillata `Moonbeam' and Campanula carpatica. For unchilled plants of most species, flowering was delayed under 7-h PD compared to other LD treatments. Chilling decreased time to flower and reduced differences between LD treatments. Coreopsis `Moonbeam' and C. Ianceolata `Early Sunrise' were shorter when grown under 4-h NI.
Maintaining Impatiens Seed Quality
Authors: Cross David , Styer Roger
Published: March 2024

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) flower seeds are believed to be sensitive to storage temperature and humidity conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate seed quality changes occurring during a 1-year period of storage under various temperature and humidity combinations. Four seed lots of `Super Elfin Red' and `Super Elfin White' impatiens were studied. Constant humidity treatments were obtained using saturated salt solutions; 15% relative humidity (RH) with LiCI, 25% RH with KAc, 33% RH with MgCl2, and 43% RH with K2CO3. Constant temperature treatments were 5, 15, and 22C. At 3-month intervals, replicate samples were sown in plug flats in the greenhouse. Seed quality was evaluated as the percentage of usable seedlings 21 days from sowing. Rapid deterioration of seed quality was seen under high temperature and high humidity storage conditions. Seeds became less sensitive to humidity at 5C. Conditions of 20% to 25% RH and 5C are recommended for impatiens seed storage.
Foliar Spray at Spring Flush Enhances Zinc Status of Pistachio and Walnut Trees
Authors: Zhang Qinglong , Brown Patrick H.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of several Zn formulations applied at various times of the year in increasing Zn status of pistachio and walnut leaves. Formulations included inorganic and organic forms of Zn. Fall sprays was ineffective at supplying Zn to developing leaves even when very high rates (5000 ppm) were used. Late dormant and budbreak sprays were effective at supplying Zn to developing leaves and nuts only when extremely high rates (5000 ppm) were applied. Spring flush sprays were the most effective, while late spring and summer sprays were ineffective. The majority of the Zn applied remained in the epidermis of the sprayed leaves, which resulted in high Zn content of leaves but poor correction of Zn deficiency and little or no translocation of Zn to other plant parts. Many of the Zn formulations sprayed at spring flush at a rate of 1000 ppm effectively increased leaf Zn values by at least 10 μg–g–1. Addition of an appropriate organic acid to the spray solution and adjustment of pH to ≈4.5 improves leaf uptake and translocation of Zn. Addition of specific surfactants into the spray solution is also recommended. Use of N- and P-containing Zn spray formulations is less effective than sulfur-based sprays (i.e., ZnSO4). Significantly, there is little residual effect of foliar sprays (even at spring flush), indicating that consecutive sprays for several years are needed to maintain productivity in Zn-deficient regions.
Development of an Inoculation Protocol for Ericoid Mycorrhizae
Authors: Goulart B.L. , Demchak K. , Yang W.Q. , Stevens C.M. , Dalpe Y.
Published: March 2024

Past experiments have proven that meristem tip-cultured blueberry plantlets are extremely difficult to inoculate using laboratory-grown cultures of existing known isolates of Hymenoscyphus ericae, Scytalidium vaccinii, and Oidiodendron griseum; fungi that have been previously established as ericoid mycorrhizal symbionts. An experiment using both seedling and meristem tip-cultured plantlets was conducted using these proven fungal symbionts from the Canadian Fungal Culture Collection (DAOM), as well as fungi isolated from local blueberry populations at Little Flat, Pa. Treatments included inoculation using soil from the Little Flat population, the same soil (autoclaved), autoclaved soil that was reinoculated with fungi, as well as axenic treatments using H. ericae, S. vaccinii, O. griseum, Little Flat Hymenoscyphus sp., Little Flat Scytalidium sp., and Little Flat Oidiodendron sp. Sampling after 21 days revealed that only the nontreated soil plantlets were infected (≈4%). Results from later sampling dates will be presented, and the mechanism of infection discussed.
Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot
Authors: Gent M.P.N. , Ma Y.-Z.
Published: March 2024

What is the effect of constant compared to intermittent heating of the shoot and root on growth, nutrient status, and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)? Seedlings were transplanted on 4 Mar. or 25 Mar. 1994 into troughs heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly, or for 12 h during the day or the night, or they were not heated. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 22/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, the 4 Mar. transplants had the greatest leaf weight with constant root heat and least with no heat. Root weight was greater for 14/14 than 22/6 air heat. With 14/14 air heat, only the no root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 22/6 air heat, root heat affected leaf weight; the ranking was constant > day > night ≈ no heat. After 2 weeks, the 25 Mar. transplants had least leaf weight with no heat, and other treatments did not differ. Most nutrient concentrations were less in the 25 Mar. compared to the 4 Mar. transplants. The number of fruit, and the number and weight of marketable fruit produced by I July from 4 Mar. transplants was affected by root heat; the ranking was constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6 air heat increased marketable yield, because of fewer small, irregular, and blossom end rot fruit. Root heat had no effect on yield of 25 Mar. transplants. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.
Manipulation of Plant Density to Enhance Rice Yield for a Bioregenerative Life-support System
Authors: Goldman K.R. , Mitchell C.A.
Published: March 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a candidate crop for use in Controlled Ecological Life-support Systems (CELSS) proposed for a lunar or Mars outpost. `Ai-Nan-Tsao' is a promising semi-dwarf cultivar because growth volume is limited and HI (percent edible biomass) is high. Yield efficiency rate (YER: g grain/m3 per day [g nonedible biomass]-) combines edible yield rate (EYR: g grain/m3 per day) and HI to quantify edible yield in terms of penalties for growth volume, cropping time, and nonedible biomass production. Greenhouse studies indicate EYR increases with plant density from 70 to 282 plants/m2. YER and shoot HI are stable across this density range because nonedible biomass accumulation keeps pace with edible. Tiller number and panicle size per plant decreased with increasing plant density, but total tiller and panicle number per unit area increased to compensate. Density trials in rigorously controlled environments will determine if higher plant densities will produce even greater YER. This research is supported by NASA grant NAGW-2329.
Root System Activity of Fruit Trees in Response to Shoot Pruning, High Temperature, and Excess Water
Authors: Morinaga Kunihisa
Published: March 2024

Relationship between root system and shoot pruning was studied by three different pruning times (February, June, and August) and intensity (heavy, medium, and light) using satsuma mandarin trees (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Root weight, respiratory rate of fine root, and CO2 concentration in root zone were measured on the 90th day after starting each pruning treatment. The weight of fine root was more severely influenced by pruning intensity than by pruning time. Fine root of heavy pruned trees showed lower respiratory rate than those of medium- and light-pruned trees. Heavy-pruned trees showed the highest CO2 concentration level in root zone. Influence of high root temperature on root respiration was investigated using `Kyoho' grape (Vitis vinifera L. × V. Iabrusca L.), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and satsuma mandarin trees. Respiratory rate of grape root increased more rapidly than those of mandarin and kiwifruit under high root temperature. Respiratory rate of mandarin root given immersion treatment in stagnated water began to decrease significantly at the 70th hour after starting the treatment. Photosynthesis of the trees decreased by 85% at the same time.
Effect of Composted Paper Sludges and Municipal Waste Compost Amendments on the Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Laganière M. , Lecomte P. , Desjardins Y.
Published: March 2024

In Quebec, commercial sod is produced on >3000 ha. Generally, ≈20 months are required to produce market-ready sod. When conditions are suitable, harvest of marketable sod is possible within a year. However, intensive management may result in soil compaction and a reduction of the organic matter content. Considering the increasing amount of amendment available, sod production fields could be interesting for their disposal. In this study, visual quality and sod root growth was examined following an application of an organic amendment at 50, 100, and 150 t·ha–1, incorporated to depth of 6 or 20 cm. Plots established on a sandy soil receiving organic amendments had higher visual quality ratings. Bulk density was significantly reduced following compost or paper sludge application to a heavy soil. The shearing strength required to tear sod amended with compost was significantly higher in comparison with control and paper sludge treatments.
Developing a Model System for Cost-effective Floriculture Extension Program Delivery through Greenhouse Crop Management Associations
Authors: Berghage Robert D. , Michael Alan , Orzolek Mike
Published: March 2024

Current and future plans for reductions in federal and state funding suggest that government supported programs must find ways to reduce costs while maintaining or expanding programs. The current model of extension, with an agent for each commodity in every county is not likely to survive. Furthermore, the days when university-based specialists could afford to make house calls also are probably limited. Yet, the need for extension support in the floriculture industry is as great as ever. Increased chemical costs and regulatory pressure are restricting grower options and making it increasingly important that information dissemination and technology transfer occur in timely and appropriate ways. To try to meet the needs of the floriculture industry in Pennsylvania, we have begun a program to help develop independent greenhouse crop management associations to work with milti-county and university-based extension specialists to improve program delivery to the member greenhouses. The first of these associations has been established in the Capital Region in central Pennsylvania and is providing IPM scouting and crop management services to member greenhouses. Development of associations and linkages with and the role of extension are discussed.
Enhance Learning Via Interactive Multimedia Presentations
Authors: Needham Douglas C
Published: March 2024

Computer-based authoring tools, e.g. Macromedia Authorware©, allow one to produce interactive applications or computer-based training modules for horticulture teaching and extension. These applications are useful not only as presentation tools, but also as supplementary instruction, whereby a student can interact with an application at his/her own convenience and learning level. “Interactive Lessons for Introductory Horticulture©” is one example of an application used in OSU's HORT 1013: Principles of Horticultural Science course. Students are able to navigate to various topics by selecting chapters and topics within chapters. The information is not just presented, but rather acted upon by the student through movable objects, touch-sensitive areas, text, audio and video clips, etc. Student learning should be enhanced by the variety of stimuli and the ability to review an entire presentation or portion thereof at will.
اللغة العربية: تطور والأساليب وتاريخ تعليمها وتجديدها
Authors: نورياني نوريان
Published: March 2024

إن المداخل التعليمية أمر مهم يعين المدرس في تعيين الطرق والأساليب التي يراد استخدامها. وهذه المداخل والأساليب والطرق يتعلق بعضها ببعض. من المداخل الشهيرة لدي الخبراء هي المدخل السلوكي، والمدخل الاتصالي والمدخل الوظيفي وظهرت بعد ظهور نظرت علم النفس وتتعلق به علاقة وثيقة. ومن الأهمية للمدرس الالمام بتطور العربية وريخ حركة تجديدها التعليمي بعد معرفته عن المداخل والطرق والأساليب. لأن التاريخ يفيده للنظر إلى العيوب والمزا من عملية تعليم اللغة العربية وما يتعلق من مداخل وأساليب وطرق.
استخدام ادوات التعليم الإلكتروني لتطوير تعليم اللغة العربية في المستوى الجامعي
Authors: عارف الدين نور
Published: March 2024

ملخص: حاولت هذه المقالة البسيطة الكشف عناستخدامأدوات التعليم الإلكترونيلتطويرتعليماللغةالعربيةفيالمستوىالجامعي.فلاش ٍّ كفيأَّنالتربية لم تعد في العصر الحديث كما كانت في العصور الغابرة مجرد تلقين لدرس أو تسميع لنص ، ولم تعد حرفة يمارسها المعلم بطريقة آلية ، كما لم تعد عبئاعلى الطالب يقوم فيها بحفظ النصوص وتسميعها. فقد تحولت العملية التعليمية داخل الصف وخارجه إلى نشاط له أهداف ونتائج تخضع للقياس والتقنين، وأصبح لأدوات التعليم الإلكترونيدور فاعل بين مدخلات هذا النشاط ومخرجاته. و فضلا عن ذلك فقد صارت تلك أدوات التعليم الإلكتر وني تلعب دورا هاما في تطوير عناصر النظام التربوي كافة بوجه عام وعناصر المنهج على وجه الخصوص، وجعلها أكثر فاعلية وكفاية، وذلك من خلال الاستفادة منها في عملية التخطيط لهذه المناهج وتنفيذها وتقويمها ومتابعتها وتطويرها بما يسهم بشكل كبير في تحقيق أهدافها المنشودة.
إستراتيجية مدرس اللغة العربية في تدريس المحادثة لتر قية مهارة الكلام
Authors: الله محمد حبيب
Published: March 2024

في هذا البحث من خلال مسئلة عن مهارة الكلام في معهد اللغة، إما مسئلة من جهة الطلاب أو المدرس اللغوية، مهارة الكلام مهم لأدوات الإتصال لكى الطلاب يكونوا كفاءة فى مهارة الكلام، ان يمارسون تكلم اللغة العربية فى كل وقت، ويزيد تعليل من جهة نفسهم و اصحابهم، لاسيما تعليل دافع من أساتيذ يأثروا إلى الطلاب ليتكلموا اللغة العربية، لعملية هذا تعليم نحتاج إستيراتيجية لوصول اهدافنا لكفائة الطلاب في الكلام اللغة العربية. أحد من دورس الذي فيه مهارة الكلام هي المحادثة، أكثر من الطلاب لم يتكلمون بللغة الرسمية ولم يحفظو المفردات ويحصل منها انهم نقصوا في مهارة كلام اللغة الرسمية. ومشكلات الأخر هي فيه تدريس الكتاب التراث الذيفيه اللغة الجووية هذا التدريس يُشكل الطلاب في مهارة الكلام.
The Difficulties of Speech Skills Instruction in Intensive Arabic Language Program (Descriptive Study of Arabic Language Instruction at Islamic State Institution, Kadiri)
Authors: Nida’ Khoirun
Published: March 2024

Intensive Program of Arabic language instruction were four classes, namely the first for students who have excellent competence, the second for students who have good compentence, the third for students in intermediate competence, and the forth for students in basic competence. The objectives of dividing classess were to facilitate the instruction process and to know the appropriate instruction method that was used and to evaluate. The process of Arabic instruction is twenty five percent using Arabic language and the most. The methods, that was used, are direct method, audio and verbalizing. Those equipments were expected students to have four skills  of language. The book, that was used in Arabic language instruction mostly, is “Baina Yadaik” .  The process of Arabic learning instruction by using various method and good book resources still found problem, especially in speech skill (maharoh kalam).
Using Images in Speech Skills Instruction
Authors: Siraj Muhammad Chobir
Published: March 2024

Speech was the most important thing in the life of human being and it plays an important role in society and considered one of four the most important skills of Arabic language. Speech is a basic standard to measure students capability in Arabic language instruction. And said who can speech fluently for discribing something that is bugging their thought then they are called success in studying language. Therefore, it is necessary to empower students, especially those who are studying Arabic language in primary stage. After interviewed the teacher and obeserved in the class, researcher noticed that students don’t want to speak Arabic in front of others because they afraid being wrong and feeling difficult in extending the right word, and if they talk with a conversation they spoke fluently. So, the teacher of Arabic language should using media in instruction of speech skills, and the government has to provide various educational media appropriately.
دور بر نامج الكندي ومناظرة لتنمية كفاءة الطلبة في التعبير الشفهي بقسم تعليم اللغة العربية في جامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية بمالانج
Authors: MAHJUB SOLEH , NISA KHOIRUN , YANI AHMAD
Published: March 2024

مُلَخَّصُ البَحْثِ: يتناول هذا البحث دور تحليل الحاجات في تصميم  المقررات لأغراض خاصّة، متّخذاً من طلاب العربيَّة في كليَّة معارف الوحي عيّنة له، مع الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفيّ   التحليليّ؛  للإجابة  عن سؤال البحث : ما المقصود بتحليل الحاجات؟ ومادوره في تصميم مقرر العربيّة لأغراض خاصّة للطلاب المتخصصين في العربية؟ وقد تمّ توزيع استبيان على العينة المكونة من 100فرد، وبعد التحليل بواسطة البرنامج الإحصائيّ (SPSS) للدراسات الاجتماعيّة، توصل البحث إلى نتائج منها: حاجات أفراد العيّنة من مهارات اللغة الأربع على المستوى الأكاديمي، ترتيبها علي النحو التالي: الاستماع- الكلام –القراءة-الكتابة،  أمّا على المستوى الوظيفي فترتيبها : الكلام- الكتابة- القراءة . وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة تشجيع  الطلاب على الكلام بالعربية، وخلق آليات تساعد إلى دفعهم إلى الكلام. .
تعليم القراءة بمنظرور عبد العليم إبراهيم في كتاب "الموجّه الفنّي
Authors: صاحب صاحب
Published: March 2024

ملخّص: إن القراءة مفتاح لتعليم اللغة العربية. تعليم اللغة العربية كلغة أجنبية يتطلب مرحلة القراءة والكتابة سابقة لتسهيل التعليم في مرحلة الكلام. قبل تعيين الطريقة التي سيتم استخدامها في التعليم، أن يفهم المدرس تمامًا طبيعة المواد التي سيلقيها. وبذلك سيكون المدرس قادراً على مزامنة بين الطريقة والمادة (الدروس) بشكل مناسب. فكان هذا البحث للوصف عن طبيعة القراءة وعناصرها، تطوير مفهوم القراءة، مهارة القراءة، وظيفة القراءة وأهدافها وأنواعها وكذلك طرقها. ويستخدم الباحث في هذا البحث منهج البحث المكتبي بمقارنة كتاب الموجه الفنّي لمدرّسي اللغة العربية لعبد العليم إبراهيم بالمقارنة مع الكتب الأخرى إما من كتب تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها أو للناطقين بها. نتائج البحث تدلّ أن طبيعة القراءة هي البدء بالرمز، والانتقال منه إلى لغة الكلام. وتتكون القراءة من المعنى الذهني واللفظ الذي يوديه والرمز المكتوب وتطوير مفهوم القراءة. يطور مفهوم القراءة على أربع مراحل: (1) التعرف على الرموز المكتوبة، (2) الفهم، (3) تفاعل القارئ، (4) التطبيق في الحياة اليومية. وظيفة القراءة يشمل على حياة الأفراد وحياة المجتمع. وأغرض القراءة هي: (1) جودة النطق وحسن الأداء وتمثيل المعنىى، (2) كسب المهارات القرائية المختلفة، (3) تنمية الميل إلى القراءة، (4) الكسب اللغوي وتنمية حصيلة التلميذ من المفردات والتراكيب الجديدة، (5) تدريب التلميذ على التعبير الصحيح عن معنى ما قرأه، (6) الفهم وهو غرض متعدد النواحي. أنواع القراءة من حيث الشكل وطريقة الأداء هي القراءة الصامتة والقراءة الجهرية والاستماع. تنقسم طرق تعليم القراءة إلى ثلاث مراحل وهو المرحلة الإبتدائية، والمرحلة الإعدادية، والمرحة الثانوية.
أثر الكفاءة المهنية لمدرس اللغة العربية في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الطاهرية- عانتروا- تولونج أكونج على تشجيع تعلم الطلاب
Authors: سراج محمّد خبير
Published: March 2024

الملخص: الأستاذ هوالذي يقوم كالمرب والمدرس ذي المهني يتطلب على أن يكون ذا الكفاآت الجيدة في عملية التعليم والتعلم بحيث يقدر على جعل التعلم الفعال الذي كان بسبب ذلك تشجيع تعلم الطلاب يحفظ ويرقي. وأن العلاقة والتواصل الجيدتان بين المدرس, الكفاءة في اللغة هي المساواة والمماثلة. من كافأه أي إذا ساواه. والكفء معناه المثيل والنظير ومنه قوله تعالى ولم يكن له كفوا أحد. أي لا مثيل له سبحانه وتعالى. وجاء في المعجم الوسيط من كفاه كفاءة استغنى به عن غيره فهو كاف، ومفرده كفء، وجمعه أكفياء. والطلاب كانتا من حاجات لإثارة تشجيع التعلم لدى الطلاب. فلذلك، يجب على المدرس أن يملك الكفاءة المهنية الجيدة للحصول بتلك الحالة، المهني لدى المدرس عنصر معين في تدبير وصياغة الفصل البيئة التعليمية الفعالية المفروحة. بهذه الحالة، يصبح المدرس حرصا في التعلم. بعبارة أخرى أن المدرس الذي ملكة في عمله و قدرة على تدبير فصله صحيحا فيسهل في اعطاء المثير عند التعليم إلى مدرسه. الكفاءة المهنية لازمة لأي معلم لزوم السلاح للجندي، ولزوم المبضع للجراح، ولزوم السماعة للطبيب. فالمدرس بدونها لا شيء وعمله حينئذ يعتبر مضيعة للجهد والوقت وهدرا للطاقة، فكيف إذا كان هذا المدرس هو مدرس اللغة القرآن الكريم. فإن مسؤوليته تصبح أكبر، فهو الناقل لتراث أمته العربية الإسلامية عبر الأجيال، وهو الذي يمد طلابه بما يقيم ألسنتهم وأقلامهم ويعينهم على الاتصال بمصادر الثقافة والمعرفة. ومع تطور مهنة التعليم لم يعد يعول على الشهادة كثيرا فهي لا تعني أكثر من الإجازة في علم من العلوم، حيث انتقل الاهتمام من التركيز على الشهادة إلى التركيز على الأداء في المواقف التعليمية المختلفة. يقال مع هذا التطور فإن المدرس بعامة ومدرس اللغة العربية بصفة خاصة أصبح أمام حقيقة واقعة مفادها أن المدرس الكفء هو الذي يمتلك المهارة اللازمة لأداء مهنة التعليم. لذا ظهرت حركة تربية المدرسين القائمة على أساس الكفاءة، وهي تركز على أن عملية التدريس الفعال يمكن تحليلها إلى مجموعة من الكفاءة التي إذا أتقنها المعلم زاد احتمال أن يصبح معلما ناجحا.
أهمية التطور الطلاب في تطوير المواد التعليمية اللغة العربية في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية
Authors: فردوس سلفيانا ألفى
Published: March 2024

ملخص: تطوير الطلاب له دور مهم في تطوير المواد التعليمية. يجب أن تهتم هذه المادة التعليمية بتطوير الطلاب ، خاصة على مستوى  المدرسة الثانوية. يختلف تطوير الطلاب على مستوى المدرسة الثانوية عن تطور الطلاب على مستوى المدرسة الأساسية و المدرسة الوسطية. يركز الطلاب في مستوى المدرسة الثانوية على التفكير النقدي والتفكير المنطقي. نفسيا ، يكون لدى الطلاب في مستوى المدرسة الثانوية شعور عاطفي أعلى. لكنهم بدأوا أيضًا ممارسة التحكم في هذا الشعر من خلال كونهم أكثر مسؤولية عن أسرهم وبيئتهم. لذلك ، حتى مواد التدريس باللغة العربية التي تم تطويرها يجب أن تستند إلى هذا.
تطبيق طريقة "إبتدائى" في تعليم القواعد النحوية بمعهد نور الإخلاص لاغون جفارا
Authors: Indaladhiyah Nailiyatul Rohmah
Published: March 2024

الملخص: إن كتب التراث هي اهمّ الدروس في المعهد و القواعد النحوية مفتاح قراءتها. أمّا الطريقة فتكون مهمة في كل تعليم لاسيما في تعليم القواعد النحوية.و نستخدم احدى الطرق الفعالة في تعليم القواعد النحوية و هي طريقة "إبتدائى". والغرض من هذا البحث هو لمعرفة  كيفية تطبيق طريقة "إبتدائي" في تعليم القواعد النحوية بمعهد نور الإخلاص لاغون جفارا. الموضوع في هذا البحث هو معلم القواعد النحوية بطريقة "إبتدائى". وأما الطريقة التي سارت عليها الباحثة للوصول على المواد المحتاجة في كتابة هذا البحث وهي طريقة الملاحظة والمقابلة و التوثيقية. وأما الطريقة لتصحيح المواد هي التثليث، وأما الطريقة لتحليل المواد هي تجليب المواد، تقديم المواد، واتخاذ الخلاصة.
تطبيق طريقة التمييز في تعليم مهارة القراءة بمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الأولى جاكرتا
Authors: Roji Fathu
Published: March 2024

ملخص : تعليم اللغة العربية في إندونيسيا يستخدم كثيرا طريقة القواعد والترجمة. كثير من هؤلاء الذين يعتبرون اللغة العربية مخيفا لأن مثقلة جدا بفهم المقروء العربية. إذا فإن السؤال الآن هو كيف تحسين الكفاءة التلاميذ في تعليم مهارة القراءة والذين يشعرون الصعوبة حتى ينظرها شبحا مخيفا، لأن الآن ومن قبل، تعليم مهارة القراءة بإستعمال الطرق الملل للتلاميذ. وقلة استخدام طريقة التعليم العصري مثل طريقة التمييز. وهذا يدور حول طريقة التمييز في تعليم مهارة القراءة بمدرسة الثانوية الحكومية الأولى جاكرتا. تركيزه تطبيق طريقة التمييز في تعليم مهارة القراءة التلاميذ في الصف العاشر بهذه المدرسة. ويساعدهم على تكلم اللغة العربية الصحيحة. وليعرف ما مميزات تطبيق طريقة التمييز في تعليم مهارة القراءة و تحويل حالة تعليم مهارة القراءة التلاميذ في تعليم للغة العربية بتطبيق طريقة التمييز. وأما منهج هو منهج شبه التجريبي بشكل Non Equivalent Control Group Design بالمدخل الكمي، وباتخاذ الفصل التجريبي الفصل الضابطي. وأما أدوات بمستخدمة فهي : الملاحظة، والمقابلة، والإختبار.

تدل نتيجة على فعالية طريقة التمييز في تعليم مهارة القراءة يعرف من نتيجة اختبار – t أكبر من t-tabel (4،44 أكبر من 2،25639) معنى هذا أن H0 مقبول و H1 مردود. وخلاصته أن استخدم طريقة التمييز وفعال في تعليم مهارة القراءة بمدرسة الثانوية الحكومية الإسلامية جاكرتا.
تطبيق لعبة الهمس المتسلسل لترقية مهارة الاستماع في المدرسة الثانوية ثنائية اللغة باتو
Authors: Faiz Nur
Published: March 2024

The role of language games in the learning process can help teachers achieve better language learning goals. Students become more enthusiastic and less bored. Not only improve intellectual abilities but also social skills. In this game, students do not only focus on listening skills but also on speaking and writing skills and even reading. This article aims to improve students' listening skills with the Whisper Chain game. This research uses a qualitative and field approach in MA Bilingual. The results of the study show the application of the Whisper Chain game as follows: giving vocabulary, listening to reading texts, discussing difficult vocabulary, and finally evaluating and strengthening the material using games. By implementing the Whisper Chain game: 1) Can improve students 'listening skills effectively because it is more applicable as well as students memorize verbal vocabulary, 2) Increase students' social intelligence and increase their attention in learning, 3) Make it easier for students to better understand the material and provide learning experiences.
The Tasybih and purpose in the novele Al-Mahbubat work Aliah Mamduh
Authors: Nafisah Durrotun _
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendiskripsikan bentuk-bentuk redaksi kalimat tasybih dalam novel Al-Mahbubat, 2) mendiskripsikan tujuan tasybih dalam novel Al-Mahbubat, 3) menghasilkan model aplikasi temuan tasybih dalam novel Al-Mahbubat pada pembelajaran Balaghah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitan ini adalah 1) bentuk tasybih yang terdapat dalam novel Al-Mahbubat adalah Tasybih Mursal, Tasybih Mufashal, Tasybih Mujmal, Tasybih Tamsil, Tasybih Ghoiru Tamsil, Tasybih Maqlub, Tasybih Mursal Mufashal, Tasybih Mursal Mujmal, Tasybih Ghoiru Baligh, Tasybih Mufrod, dan Tasybih Taswiyah, 2) tujuan tasybih yang terdapat dalam novel Al-Mahbubat adalah Menjelaskan keadaan yang dialami oleh musyabbah, Menerangkan jika adanya suatu hal yang terjadi pada musyabbah , Memperjelas keadaan yang ada dalam musyabbah dengan mengkaitkan contoh, dan memperburuk atau memperindah musyabbah, (3) pembelajaran tasybih dalam novel Al-Mahbubat pada pembelajaran Balaghah dalam bentuk rancangan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan Srudent centered learning, yang mana siswa lebih aktiv dalam proses pembelajaran.
تطوير المنهج الدراسي لدرس الّلغة العربيّة في ترقية مهارة الكلام لطلاب الفصل الأول بكلية المعلمين الإسلامية بمعهد الإسماعيلي للتربية الإسلامية الحديثة ببولوبرنجسي – لارين – لامونجان
Authors: Lubab Suroya
Published: March 2024

إنّ من صفة المنهج الدراسي هو يقبل التطوير والتغيير على حسب الظروف وحاجة الطلاب وإدارة المدرسة. كان المنهج الدّراسي الصحيح الكامل له دور مهمّ في نجاح التدريس وهو يحتوي على الأهداف التعليمية والمحتوى وطرق التدريس والتقويم. الاعتقاد بأن المنهج هو الكتب الدراسية غير صحيح، لأن فيه نقصان ويصعب مدرسين عند عملية التدريس وذالك لمعرفة مدى نجاحه في التدريس.  إن تطوير المنهج الدراسي الصحيح سوف يؤثر كثيرا في نجاح التدريس لأن في بناءه مراعة الأمور الكثيرة منها مبادئ وأسس والشروط اللازمة في نجاح التطوير وكذالك بيّن المنهج الدراسي كل العناصر واضحا حتى يساعد المدرسين للوصول إلى الأهداف المرجوة. وأما الهدف من هذه المقالة هي: 1) معرفة خطوات تطوير المنهج الدراسي الصحيح، 2) معرفة فعالية تطوير المنهج نحو نجاح تدريس اللغة العربية خصوصا في ترقية كفاءة الطلاب لمهارة الكلام.
The Study of Balaghah in the Verse of Jihad: QS Al-Hajj verses 39-40 and QS Al-Baqarah verse 190
Authors: - Isnainiyah -
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to avoid errors in the intended meaning of the speaker delivered to the interlocutor about the jihad verse, explain the semantic rationality of the meaning of the jihad verse, study the style of language which is a method of delivering meaning in the jihad verse, and learn some models of the beauty of stylistics, and the beauty of the sentences used in the jihad verse. Researchers use descriptive methods with a content analysis model (content analysis) that discusses in-depth information obtained and records messages systematically which are then interpreted. The results of balaghah analysis from the Qur'an Surah Al-Hajj verses 39, 40 and Qur'an Surah al-Baqarah verse 190 explain the acts of terrorism committed by some people in the name of Islam, are not justified because they do not have a cause, and the level of crime that has been determined by religion, and because the object being fought is not in accordance with the provisions of religion, and is too far beyond the limit.
Effect of digital opportunity recognition on students’ digital entrepreneurial intentions and behavior
Authors: Al-Ayed Sura
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of digital opportunity recognition on students’ intentions and behavior related to digital entrepreneurship. The study measures the influence of digital opportunity recognition on antecedents of the theory of planned behavior and indirect influence on digital entrepreneurial intentions and behavior. This study employed a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 2,840 students enrolled in professional management and entrepreneurship directions at universities in Saudi Arabia. The target sample consisted of individuals who have plans to become entrepreneurs. The findings indicated that digital opportunity recognition has a direct and significant effect on attitude, subjective norms, perceived self-efficacy, and an indirect effect on intentions and behavior toward digital entrepreneurship. Furthermore, this study checked multigroup differences between male and female samples: males show more favorable behavior toward digital entrepreneurship compared to females in Saudi Arabia. Collectively, the antecedents of the theory of planned behavior and digital opportunity recognition explained 65.1% of the variance in digital entrepreneurial behavior, with males at 68.2% and females at 63.2%. The research implication is that policymakers should prioritize integrating digital entrepreneurship into education curricula and providing support mechanisms to nurture the potential of digital-native students.
AcknowledgmentsThe author extends his appreciation to the Arab Open University for funding this work through Research Fund No. (AOUKSA-524008).
Lecturers’ Narrative Writing Teachability as Proven in Students’ Short Story Performance
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan , Putri Novita Sumarlin , Munifah Ike Zakiah
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to observe the lecturer’s teachability on students’ short story performance based on the database fitness of narrative writing. The research involved 245 undergraduate students aged between 18 to 23 years old (Mage = 20,65; SD = 1,603), from the parallel-intact-narrative writing. Students’ self-rated evaluation used several variables: transparency, accountability, fairness, and assistance in narrative writing instruction. Meanwhile, short story samples verified vocabulary, structure, mechanics, content, and organization. The findings show the lecturer’s teachability in the moderate category, for which the independent T-test results do not statistically show a significant difference between male and female students for perceiving the lecturer’s teachability, and the MANOVA revealed the lecturer’s teachability with F (16, 724.687), p = 0,044; Wilks’ Lambda = 0,894; and partial eta squared = 0,028, determined a differently statistical significance. The Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) indicates students’ short story samples with some experience of the syntactic structures and various categories upon the correlational results since the transcript length intelligibility, standard measures, and subordination index signified the database for supporting students’ short story performance.
Association between depression, functional capacity, cognitive status and the consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly in Joinville/SC-Brazil
Authors: Noronha Luana Alberti , Koehnlein Eloá Angélica , Tureck Camila , Fagundes Sabrina Gauto Silveira , De Mello Ana Paula
Published: March 2024

The consumption of fruits and vegetables seems to contribute to the prevention and/or delay of depression, cognitive decline and, indirectly, to functional dependence, at the same time that it can be influenced by these clinical conditions. The objective of this study was to verify the association between depression, functional capacity, cognitive status and consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly people in Joinville-SC. A study with secondary data collection carried out in 2021 that assessed depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale, functional capacity using the PFEFFER Functional Activities Questionnaire, and cognitive status using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) was quantified using a food frequency questionnaire and was classified according to regularity. A total of 61 elderly were evaluated, of which 23% had depressive symptoms, 18% functional dependence in instrumental activities of daily living, 14.8% cognitive decline. A low frequency of elderly people with regular consumption of vegetables (36.1%), as well as associated fruits and vegetables (29.5%) was identified. On the other hand, the frequency of regular fruit consumption was high (73.8%) and was associated with a lower frequency of depressive symptoms and functional dependence. It was observed that elderly people with depressive symptoms, functional dependence and cognitive decline consumed FV irregularly.
Strategizing: Theory and Practice: Collection of Selected Research Articles and Proceedings of the Seventh International Researchto- practice Conference (03/29/2024-03/30/2024). Vol. XIV. Book I. Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium
Authors: Kvint Vladimir
Published: March 2024

The Collection contains selected research articles and proceedings of
participants of the session «Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium» of the Sixth
International Research-to-Practice Conference «Strategizing: Theory and Practice».
The Kuzbass Region session of the conference is attended by members of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, professors, doctors of sciences, PhD candidates,
postgraduate students and graduates, researchers and professionals in the field of
strategizing, heads of industrial enterprises of various levels and industries from
many regions of Russia, including from Moscow, Kuzbass Region, St. Petersburg,
as well as foreign researchers from Armenia, China, France, Germany, Israel,
Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Slovenia, USA, and Republic of Uzbekistan. Research
studies describe the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of regional and
regional-sectoral strategies. Research articles and proceedings of the conference
published in this collection are useful for researchers and scientists, practitioners in
the field of strategizing, as well as postgraduates, graduates students and students of
higher educational institutions.
Investigating climatic and human effects on the decline in the groundwater level (a case study of the Kuhdasht plain)
Authors: Hassanzadeh Reza , Peyman Safa , Hassanzadeh Amirmohammad
Published: March 2024

This study has been investigated using the new criterion measuring complexity Hilbert-Huang entropy (HHE), changes, and fluctuations in groundwater levels under the influence of climate change factors and humans. In this regard, the 120-month time series of groundwater level, precipitation, temperature, and runoff parameters (period 2009–2018) are first divided into five 24-month periods, then by applying the Hilbert-Huang transform. Each period is decomposed down into smaller periods, and finally, the HHE criterion measures the complexity of the time series. The examination of changes in the HHE complexity criterion shows a decrease of 2.02, 2.93, and 29.58% in the groundwater level in the second, third, and fourth periods. Also, according to the results of changes in the complexity of precipitation and temperature time series as climate change factors, these two parameters have decreased in the third and fourth periods, with the rate of decrease for the temperature time series being 18.8 and 8.3%, respectively, and for the precipitation time series is obtained by 30.6 and 4.4%, respectively. Hence, according to the results, the discharge parameter, as a human factor in the second and fourth periods, shows a decrease of 8.6 and 39.1%, respectively.
PENERAPAN MODEL FRAYER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI
Authors:   Universitas Billfath Lamongan, Hardiana Maulidia Tifani Alfin Nur , Purwati Yuli ,   SMPN 5 Bojonegoro
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya keefektifan model frayer dalam pembelajaran daring menulis teks deskripsi di kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan ancangan eksperimen. Adapun desain penelitiannya menggunakan pretest posttest control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model frayer lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan model konvensional dalam pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Bojonegoro. Hal ini dibuktikan dari uji-t antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol diperoleh thitung sebesar 1,170 dan signifikan dengan thitung <ttabel (1,170<2,003). Dengan demikian hasil uji-t pada skor prates dan pascates menunjukkan perbedaan.
Perceptions of Organizational Commitment in Nepalese Insurance Companies and Commercial Banks
Authors: Prakash Shrestha  , Gopal Man Pradhan
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the status of organizational commitment (affective commitment, continuancecommitment, and normative commitment) in insurance companies and commercial banks of Nepal. Thisstudy is conducted utilizing a survey methodology with questionnaires serving as the primary tool. Sixinsurance companies and six commercial banks are covered by this study. A total of 360 questionnaires—30in each of the 12 organizations—have been distributed, and 225 (62.5%) of those that have been fullycompleted and returned are used for the study. The data are analyzed by using the latest version of thestatistical package for social science (SPSS). Descriptive statistical tools like mean and standard deviationare used. The one-way analysis of the variance is used for determining the statistical differences between theorganizational commitment dimensions found in two samples (insurance companies and commercialbanks). Based on the results, affective commitment is found at a high level, normative commitment at amoderate level, and continuance at a low level in Nepalese insurance companies and commercial banks.Insurance companies show higher affective and normative commitment than commercial banks. Significantdifferences in judgments of affective and normative commitment between employees of Nepalese insurancecompanies and commercial banks are also revealed by analysis of variance. In fact, firms that have a strongorganizational commitment are better able to keep employees, which put them in a better position to gain theadvantages of a more devoted, engaged, and dependable workforces. Therefore, today's businesses mustdesign workplaces that encourage more moral and emotional commitment among their employees.