bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Free Flap Monitoring Using Eulerian Video Magnification
Authors: Liu Yuan Fang , Vuong Christopher , Walker Paul Charles , Peterson Nathaniel Ray , Inman Jared Christian , Filho Pedro Alcantara Andrade , Lee Steve Choon-Sung
Published: March 2016

Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) can enhance subtle changes in videos to reveal what was once invisible to the naked eye. In this proof of concept study, we investigated using EVM as a novel form of free flap monitoring. Free flaps with skin paddles were filmed in the operating room with manipulation of their pedicles. In a representative 77-year-old female who received a latissimus dorsi-serratus-rib composite free flap, EVM was able to detect blockage of arterial or venous supply instantaneously, providing a visible representation through degree of color change in videos. EVM has the potential to serve as a powerful free flap monitoring tool with the benefit of being noninvasive, sensitive, easy-to-use, and nearly cost-free.
Chromosomal Instability Affects the Tumorigenicity of Glioblastoma Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Godek Kristina M. , Venere Monica , Wu Quilian , Mills Kevin D. , Hickey William F. , Rich Jeremy N. , Compton Duane A.
Published: March 2016

Tumors are dynamic organs that evolve during disease progression with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental differences among tumor cells serving as the foundation for selection and evolution in tumors. Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) that are responsible for tumorigenesis are a source of functional cellular heterogeneity, whereas chromosomal instability (CIN) is a source of karyotypic genetic diversity. However, the extent that CIN contributes to TIC genetic diversity and its relationship to TIC function remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that glioblastoma TICs display CIN with lagging chromosomes at anaphase and extensive nonclonal chromosome copy-number variations. Elevating the basal chromosome missegregation rate in TICs decreases both proliferation and the stem-like phenotype of TICs in vitro. Consequently, tumor formation is abolished in an orthotopic mouse model. These results demonstrate that TICs generate genetic heterogeneity within tumors, but that TIC function is impaired if the rate of genetic change is elevated above a tolerable threshold.

Significance: Genetic heterogeneity among TICs may produce advantageous karyotypes that lead to therapy resistance and relapse; however, we found that TICs have an upper tolerable limit for CIN. Thus, increasing the chromosome missegregation rate offers a new therapeutic strategy to eliminate TICs from tumors. Cancer Discov; 6(5); 532–45. ©2016 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 461
Farne und Farnverwandte als Heil-, Nutz- und Zauberpflanzen: Ethnobotanische Bedeutung von Gefässkryptogamen
Authors: Gartmann Felix
Published: March 2016

In dieser Arbeit wird die ethnomedizinische und ethnobotanische Bedeutung von Gefässkryptogamen, d.h. Farne, Bärlappe, Moosfarne, Schachtelhalme, Brachsenkräuter und Urfarne, in verschiedenen Kulturen beschrieben. Die gegenüber Samenpflanzen artenarme Gruppe spielt weltweit als Nährpflanzen für Menschen eine kleine Rolle, doch sind die Gefässkryptogamen als Heilpflanzen recht bedeutungsvoll. Durch ihren lange Zeit unverstandenen Fortpflanzungsmechanismus ohne Blüten, Samen und Früchte wurde den Farnen und ihren Verwandten in früheren Zeiten eine gewisse Magie zugeschrieben. Diese Zauberhaftigkeit verschwand in Europa mit dem Fortschreiten der Naturwissenschaften seit der Aufklärung; in anderen Regionen der Welt konnte sie im Bewusstsein der Menschen bis heute bewahrt werden.
Baden wie Burkhard III. von Hallwyl im 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Föhn Martina
Published: March 2016

Burkhard III. von Hallwyl schrieb um das Jahr 1580 ein Arzneibuch mit 2000-3000 Rezepturen. Mit diesem Werk in frühneuhochdeutscher Sprache wollte er lesekundige Personen ansprechen, die keine Lateinkenntnisse besassen. Viele seiner niedergeschriebenen Rezepturen beschäftigen sich mit dem Thema «Baden». Dieses Essay beschreibt die Geschichte des Badens in Mitteleuropa mit der Entstehung der Badestuben und dem Rückgang des Badewesens im Mittelalter. Zwei Baderezepturen aus dem Buch Burkhards werden analysiert: Rezeptur 1:«Volgendt guote underricht wie man das baad sol machen gar fÜr mancherleY gepresten»; Rezeptur 2: «Ein guot baad zuo den erkalteten glideren». Rezeptur 1 wird bei Indikationen wie rheumatischen Erkrankungen, Hauterkrankungen, Wunden, Schmerzen, Steifheit, aber auch Lähmungen, Gliederschwund, Frauenkrankheiten und Schlag eingesetzt. Rezeptur 2 ist insbesondere bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen, Gicht, Schmerzen und Steifheit der Glieder indiziert. Mithilfe botanischer, historischer, medizinisch-therapeutischer und zum Teil sprachwissenschaftlicher Literatur erfolgte die Analyse der Rezepturen. Viele der verwendeten Heilpflanzen und Stoffe konnten eindeutig identifiziert werden.
Die Naturheilpraktikerin Pauline Felder - eine biographische Annäherung an schweizerische Volksmedizin im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Clair Sandra , Saller Reinhard
Published: March 2016

Die franziskanische Ordensschwester Pauline Felder (1925-2007) ist eine der bekanntesten schweizerischen Naturheilkundlerinnen der jüngsten Vergangenheit. An ihrem Beispiel wird exemplarisch aufgezeigt, dass die schweizerische Volksmedizin eine lebende Tradition ist, die komplementär zu naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden der Biomedizin einen wichtigen Beitrag zur ganzheitlichen Gesundheitsversorgung der lokalen Bevölkerung beiträgt. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet Schwester Paulines familiäre und religiöse Sozialisation, ihre berufliche Ausbildung zur Hebamme, ihr gewähltes Leben als Nonne sowie ihren Werdegang zur Naturheilpraktikerin. Ihre therapeutischen Anwendungen basierten vornehmlich auf mündlich tradiertem phytotherapeutischen Wissen, welches ihr als integraler Teil der Gesundheitsversorgung während ihrer Kindheit und Jugend vermittelt worden war, weiter auf ihrer medizinischen Fachausbildung in den 1940er-Jahren, die nach wie vor naturheilkundliche Pflegeanwendungen lehrte, sowie literarischen und praktischen Fortbildungen. Ab den 1980er-Jahren erweiterte sie ihre phyto- und hydrotherapeutische Arbeitsweise mit zum Teil unorthodoxen Methoden. In zahlreichen Vorträgen, Kursen, Interviews, schriftlichen Erzeugnissen sowie als Mentorin von Praktikantinnen und Praktikanten verbreitete sie ihr Wissen und trug damit zur Erhaltung der schweizerischen Volksmedizin bei. Ihre jährlich selbst zubereiteten Heilmittel, die sie mittels traditioneller Sammel- und Verarbeitungsregeln herstellte, hatten bei ihrer Kundschaft die Reputation, von besonders guter Qualität zu sein. Der langjährige Erfolg ihrer Gesundheitsberatungsstelle zeigt beispielhaft, dass parallel zur Schulmedizin Heilmittel der Traditionellen Europäischen Medizin bei Patientinnen und Patienten erwünscht sind. Er illustriert auch, dass psychosoziale Aspekte für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung von elementarer Bedeutung sind.
Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Hippocampus
Authors: Kim Eosu , Park Minsun , Jeong Jihyeon , Kim Hyunjeong , Lee Su Kyoung , Lee Eun , Oh Byoung Hoon , Namkoong Kee
Published: March 2016

Objective: Donepezil, a widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD), is now considered to have multimodal actions beyond cholinesterase inhibition. We aimed to see whether donepezil enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and relevant signaling pathways since mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of the hypometabolic AD brain. Methods: As a metabolic gauge, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was investigated as a tentative mediator of neurometabolic action of donepezil. Changes in phospho-AMPK levels, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ATP levels were measured upon donepezil treatment using neuroblastoma cells, primary cultured neurons and ex vivo hippocampal tissue of adult mice. Results: Donepezil dose-dependently increased mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP levels as well as expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1 in neuroblastoma cells. Donepezil dose-dependently activated AMPK; however, inhibition of AMPK abolished the observed effects of donepezil, indicating that AMPK is a key mediator of donepezil's action. Notably, mitochondrial biogenesis upon donepezil treatment was mainly observed within dendritic regions of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Levels of synaptic markers were also increased by donepezil. Finally, AMPK- dependent mitochondrial biogenesis by donepezil was confirmed in organotypic hippocampal tissue. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that AMPK/PGC-1α signaling is involved in beneficial actions of donepezil on neurometabolism. Pharmacological activation of AMPK might be a promising approach to counteract AD pathogenesis associated with brain hypometabolism.
Multi-Target-Wirkmechanismen des pflanzlichen Vielstoffgemischs Padma Lax bei Obstipation
Authors: Simitz Svenja , Vennos Cécile
Published: March 2016

Hintergrund: Funktionelle Beschwerden des Verdauungstrakts und Obstipation sind weit verbreitet und können die Lebensqualität der Patienten stark beeinträchtigen. Als Therapie werden hauptsächlich Substanzen eingesetzt, welche die Stuhlfrequenz erhöhen und die Konsistenz verbessern, Begleitsymptome aber oft nicht verbessern oder diese sogar verschlimmern. Aufgrund ihres Multi-Target-Ansatzes könnten für eine umfassendere Behandlung, die auch Begleitsymptome der Obstipation einschliesst, pflanzliche Vielstoffgemische wie z.B. das Tibetische Arzneimittel Padma Lax herangezogen werden, das aus 12 Pflanzendrogen und 3 Mineralien besteht. Methoden: Unter Einbezug der vorhandenen Literatur zu Padma Lax und seinen Inhaltsstoffen soll die Hypothese eines Multi-Target-Wirkprinzips des Präparats bei Obstipation dargelegt werden. Ergebnisse: Die klinischen Daten weisen auf ein vielschichtiges Wirkmuster hin. Neben einer laxativen Wirkung mit weicherem Stuhl und verbesserter Stuhlfrequenz verminderten sich auch Obstipationsbegleiterscheinungen wie Blähungen und Flatulenz sowie abdominelle Schmerzen und Krämpfe. Das Präparat wurde erfolgreich bei Obstipation mit verschiedenen Ursachen wie Reizdarmsyndrom, «slow-transit», Paralysen und hormonell bedingter Verstopfung eingesetzt. In einer dreimonatigen Anwendung traten weder Gewöhnung noch Elektrolytverluste auf. Die beobachtete gute Verträglichkeit könnte auf die geringe Menge der einzelnen Komponenten in der Gesamtrezeptur zurückzuführen sein. Unter den 15 Inhaltsstoffen befinden sich neben bekannten abführenden Pflanzendrogen auch Komponenten und Stoffgruppen, welche die Verdauungsfunktion günstig beeinflussen und z.B. karminative, antidiarrhoische, spasmolytische und schleimhautschützende Eigenschaften haben. Schlussfolgerung: Die Daten weisen auf eine Multi-Target-Wirkungsweise von Padma Lax bei Obstipation hin. Die Verbesserung von Begleitsymptomen - über die laxierende Wirkung hinaus - machen das Arzneimittel zu einer sinnvollen Behandlungsoption bei Obstipation verschiedener Ursache.
The Neurobiological Mechanisms of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Dependence and Withdrawal and Their Clinical Relevance: A Review
Authors: Kamal Rama M. , van Noorden Martijn S. , Franzek Ernst , Dijkstra Boukje A.G. , Loonen Anton J.M. , De Jong Cornelius A.J.
Published: March 2016

Objective: γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has gained popularity as a drug of abuse. In the Netherlands the number of patients in treatment for GHB dependence has increased sharply. Clinical presentation of GHB withdrawal can be life threatening. We aim, through this overview, to explore the neurobiological pathways causing GHB dependency and withdrawal, and their implications for treatment choices. Methods: In this work we review the literature discussing the findings from animal models to clinical studies focused on the neurobiological pathways of endogenous but mainly exogenous GHB. Results: Chronic abuse of GHB exerts multifarious neurotransmitter and neuromodulator effects on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and cholinergic systems. Moreover, important effects on neurosteroidogenesis and oxytocin release are wielded. GHB acts mainly via a bidirectional effect on GABAB receptors (GABABR; subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2), depending on the subunit of the GIRK (G-protein-dependent ion inwardly rectifying potassium) channel involved, and an indirect effect of the cortical and limbic inputs outside the nucleus accumbens. GHB also activates a specific GHB receptor and β1-subunits of α4-GABAAR. Reversing this complex interaction of neurobiological mechanisms by the abrupt cessation of GHB use results in a withdrawal syndrome with a diversity of symptoms of different intensity, depending on the pattern of GHB abuse. Conclusion: The GHB withdrawal symptoms cannot be related to a single mechanism or neurological pathway, which implies that different medication combinations are needed for treatment. A single drug class, such as benzodiazepines, gabapentin or antipsychotics, is unlikely to be sufficient to avoid life-threatening complications. Detoxification by means of titration and tapering of pharmaceutical GHB can be considered as a promising treatment that could make polypharmacy redundant.
Psychopathological Symptoms Assessed by a System-Specific Approach Are Related to Global Functioning in Schizophrenic Disorders
Authors: Lang Fabian U. , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Walther Sebastian , Schulze Thomas G. , Becker Thomas , Jäger Markus
Published: March 2016

Background: By mostly using a positive-negative approach, several studies have identified factors that influence day-to-day functioning. We applied a different, system-specific approach to expand the knowledge of this issue. Sampling and Methods: We recruited a sample of 100 inpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychopathological characteristics were assessed with the Bern Psychopathology Scale (BPS) and functional characteristics with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Linear regression analyses were performed with the GAF score as the dependent variable and the global values of the BPS subscores as independent variables. The model was controlled for confounding variables. Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to identify associations between the relevant BPS subdomains and global functioning. Results: Higher absolute global values of the BPS domains language (p  =  0.038) and motor behavior (p  =  0.049) were significantly associated with lower GAF scores. These findings remained stable after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between both qualitative symptoms (r  =  -0.273, p  =  0.006) and indirect signs (r  =  -0.269, p  =  0.007) of the language domain and GAF scores. Also, quantitative (r  =  -0.211, p  =  0.035) and qualitative symptoms (r  =  -0.214, p  =  0.033) in the motor behavior domain were associated with poorer functioning. Conclusions: A system-specific approach can describe subgroups of patients with poor functioning. Identifying such subgroups could help to utilize targeted treatment opinions in a timely manner. Another goal of future research is to clarify the underlying neurobiological deficits.
Legislação sustentável: diretrizes para incorporação de conceitos de sustentabilidade no código de edificações de Vitória/ES
Authors: Souza Érika da Cunha Victor
Published: March 2016

Este artigo pretende examinar os aspectos legais da construção sustentável propondo diretrizes para incorporação de conceitos de sustentabilidade no Código de obras e edificações do município de Vitória-ES. No contexto mundial, a sustentabilidade está em evidência, reforçando a preocupação com o impacto gerado pelo homem ao meio ambiente afetando diretamente a economia, a sociedade e o futuro do planeta, por isso a importância da preservação ambiental e o uso eficiente dos recursos naturais (água, ar, energia, materiais etc.). Nesse sentido o papel da legislação é relevante, pois o objetivo do Código de obras dos municípios é garantir condições mínimas de conforto ambiental na implantação de qualquer edificação a ser construída na cidade. A hipótese é que a legislação precisa ser revisada e o objetivo é adequá-la, inserindo conceitos de sustentabilidade. A metodologia baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica aplicada ao tema. Conclui-se que o Poder Público deve contribuir mais efetivamente no cenário de reconstrução das cidades, exercendo seu papel através dos instrumentos legais, de forma mais eficaz e atuante, tanto para construção de novas edificações, quanto na reforma e adaptação das já existentes.
Arquitetura e memória
Authors: Almeida Eneida de
Published: March 2016

Este texto procura investigar as relações entre o projeto de Arquitetura e o restauro, tendo em vista a diluição da fronteira que distingue essas ações. O estudo detém-se na atuação de dois arquitetos contemporâneos: Lina Bo Bardi(1914-1992) e Aldo Rossi (1931-1997). A análise da produção concreta, aqui representada por uma obra de cada arquiteto – o Sesc Pompéia e o Teatro Del Mondo – baseia-se na possibilidade de refletir sobre o papel da memória na Arquitetura: não apenas a memória presente na materialidade dos edifícios e dos tecidos urbanos, mas também a memória como instrumento ativo no interior dos processos mentais adotados pelos autores dos projetos. Recorrendo aos escritos dos arquitetos, bem como a autores que analisam essas intervenções, busca-se reconstituir o percurso de elaboração do projeto, reconhecendo a estratégia que reinterpreta as experiências do passado com o intuito de superar a tradicional contraposição entre “antigo” e “novo”, entre tutela e inovação.
The Late Ottoman Ulema’s Constitutionalism
Authors: Gunasti Susan
Published: March 2016

By examining laws and proposals related to constitutional amendments, the Mecelle, and sharī‘a courts in the 1908–1912 Ottoman parliament, I attempt to explain how ulema in parliament tried to implement their understandings of constitutionalism and legal reform within the legislative framework of the period as set against the framework of parliamentary politics. I focus on the upper-level ulema members of the Chamber of Deputies as they worked to implement their understandings of law and constitutionalism and followed a political strategy to achieve their goals. Based on my study of the draft constitution, official parliamentary publications, and the popular press, I identify the understandings of legal reform that underpinned their proposals and how they influenced the constitutional amendment process, by contrast to the failure of their efforts to expand the Mecelle and reform the sharī‘a courts.
Contesting Violence in Radical Islam: Sayyid Imām al-Sharīf’s Ethical Perception
Authors: Hatina Meir
Published: March 2016

The emergence of al-Qāʿida in the mid-1990s was followed by a redefinition of moral standards and the legitimation of jihād that does not differentiate between enemy soldiers, prisoners of war, or civilians. Several Islamist ideologues affiliated with global jihād, troubled by the absence of traditional ethical norms of Islamic warfare, attempted to redefine the legitimacy of jihād in terms of what is strictly permissible or prohibited. The main proponents of this redefinition were Abū Muḥammad al-Maqdisī of Jordan and Sayyid Imām al-Sharīf of Egypt. Al-Sharīf, a prolific writer, is the focus of this study. Using both pragmatic and ethical arguments, al-Sharīf asserted that the conduct of contemporary jihād deviates from traditional legal boundaries, brings no benefit to the Muslim world, and constitutes pure violence. The correct direction of Islamic activity, he argued, lies in adjusting to the prevailing reality and in advocating daʿwa (communal activity). By analyzing al-Sharīf’s discourse, I seek to shed light on crucial debates within the ranks of radical Islam over the legal and ethical constraints of jihād and violence, while also highlighting the connections between jihād, ethics, and religious authority.
Marking Closure
Authors: Rendsburg Gary A.
Published: March 2016

The literary device of stylistic change to indicate closure is barely recognized by biblical scholars. Apart from Aharon Mirsky, who wrote the seminal article and monograph on the subject, very few scholars have paid attention to this technique. The present article summarizes the work of Mirsky and two others (with six examples total), and then proceeds to present an additional nineteen examples of this literary device.
Helvella sublactea sp. nov. (Helvellaceae) from southwestern China
Authors: WANG MIAO , ZHAO YONG-CHANG , ZHAO QI , ZHOU DE-QUN
Published: March 2016

A new species, Helvella sublactea, is discribed from southwestern China using morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is morphologically characterized by the combination of the following characters: saddle-shaped or irregular lobed pileus with milky white, greyish beige to taupe hymenium, margin fused with stipe, white receptacle surface glabrous and white stipe with deep longitudinal ribs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on a combined ITS and 28S sequence data, showed that H. sublactea clustered with H. lactea but is clearly distinct from the latter. A description, figures, phylogenetic placement and comparison with similar taxa are presented.
Our Special Children are People Too: A Parent's View
Authors: Stoebner Rose Marie
Published: March 2016

“I continue to stress self worth and a sense of belonging as key ingredients in my classroom as all academic growth hinges on how the children perceive themselves. I have learned a great deal from my oldest son, about whom I wrote this article, as he has helped me understand the fears and frustrations of failing. I am growing in patience and finding strengths to praise even very slow students. I also can more easily see through the facade of the trouble makers to look for the frustrations that cause such unacceptable be-behavior.”
The frequency response characteristics of planar frequency selective fabrics (FSFs) with cross-shaped units
Authors: Guan Fuwang , Xiao Hong , Shi Meiwu , Wang Fumei
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a computer-based carving experiment was conducted to make frequency selective fabrics (FSFs) with cross-shaped units. Different samples with varying frequency selective fabric types, structure parameters, conductive layers, base fabrics and unit shapes were prepared and the transmission characteristics were tested using the Shielding Room Method. The reflection characteristics under different electromagnetic (EM) wave incidence angles were also tested to study the angle stability. Experimental results showed that in the given frequency range of 4–14 GHz, two types of frequency selective fabrics had good complementary transmission characteristics, with ideal bandwidths and resonance peaks, and the aperture frequency selective fabrics showed certain stability to small electromagnetic wave incidence angles. Structure parameters played a very important role in determining frequency response characteristics and base fabrics with different effective dielectric constant could also exert a great influence. However, the change of electrical conductivity within a certain extent would not affect the transmission characteristics and related work should be continued to explore the effect rule. Through rational control of the unit shape to increase or decrease the conductive material mass, broad-spectrum shielding or passing-through properties could be obtained. In the paper, the experimental results were discussed and analyzed in detail aiming at different parameters, and internal causes were further investigated, which could provide reference values for the relevant design and product development process.
Intermediary Organisations and the Hegemonisation of Social Entrepreneurship: Fantasmatic Articulations, Constitutive Quiescences, and Moments of Indeterminacy
Authors: Dey Pascal , Schneider Hanna , Maier Florentine
Published: March 2016

The rapid rise of alternative organisations such as social enterprises is largely due to the promotional activities of intermediary organisations. So far, little is known about the affective nature of such activities. The present article thus investigates how intermediary organisations make social entrepreneurship palatable for a broader audience by establishing it as an object of desire. Drawing on affect-oriented extensions of Laclau and Mouffe’s poststructuralist theory, hegemonisation is suggested as a way of understanding how social entrepreneurship is articulated through a complementary process of signification and affective investment. Specifically, by examining Austrian intermediaries, we show how social entrepreneurship is endowed with a sense of affective thrust that is based on three interlocking dynamics: the articulation of fantasies such as ‘inclusive exclusiveness’, ‘large-scale social change’ and ‘pragmatic solutions’; the repression of anxiety-provoking and contentious issues (constitutive quiescences); as well as the use of conceptually vague, floating signifiers (moments of indeterminacy). Demonstrating that the hegemonisation of social entrepreneurship involves articulating certain issues whilst, at the same time, omitting others, or rendering them elusive, the article invites a counter-hegemonic critique of social entrepreneurship, and, on a more general level, of alternative forms of organising, that embraces affect as a driving force of change, while simultaneously affirming the impossibility of harmony and wholeness.
Income and Cognitive Stimulation as Moderators of the Association Between Family Structure and Preschoolers’ Emerging Literacy and Math
Authors: Fagan Jay
Published: March 2016

This study examined household income and maternal cognitive stimulation as moderators of the association between family structure and 48-month-old child emerging literacy and math skills. The data set was the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth cohort ( N = 7,300). Controlling for selection factors (race/ethnicity, child gender, maternal education, maternal depression, child attendance in preschool/day care, and 9-month child cognition), the study found support for the moderation hypothesis for household income and maternal cognitive stimulation. The main take-home message was that resources such as household income and mothers’ cognitive stimulation seem to be more strongly and positively associated with early literacy and math skills among children with married parents in comparison to children living in stable single-mother households, stable cohabiting households, or households in which mothers transition from married to single parent. Cognitive stimulation partially mediated the moderating effect of income on stable single-mother household. Implications for research and programs are discussed.
The Hair Follicle
Authors: Welle Monika M. , Wiener Dominique J.
Published: March 2016

The hair follicle (HF) has a wide range of functions including thermoregulation, physical and immunological protection against external insults, sensory perception, social interactions, and camouflage. One of the most characteristic features of HFs is that they self-renew during hair cycle (HC) throughout the entire life of an individual to continuously produce new hair. HC disturbances are common in humans and comparable to some alopecic disorders in dogs. A normal HC is maintained by follicular stem cells (SCs), which are predominately found in an area known as the bulge. Due to similar morphological characteristics of the human and canine bulge area, the particularity of compound HFs in humans and dogs as well as similarities in follicular biomarker expression, the dog might be a promising model to study human HC and SC disorders. In this review, we give an overview of normal follicular anatomy, the HC, and follicular SCs and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of noninflammatory alopecia.
Exploring Predictive Switching Factors for Mobile Number Portability
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Sambyal Ritika
Published: March 2016

Executive Summary

In today’s dynamic and competitive environment, customers have numerous choices to take decision on which products and services to use. In the wireless communications industry, the introduction of mobile number portability (MNP) may induce more and more consumers to switch their network operator, as MNP allows consumers to retain their original telephone number when switching from one carrier to another. This might have significant effect on price competition and market share of network providers ( Shi, Chiang, & Rhee, 2006 ).

In this backdrop, the present study examines the effect of MNP on consumers’ switching intentions and also the factors affecting those switching intentions in Indian mobile phone services context. Further, the study investigates the relationship between switching intentions and actual switching (ASW) or actual staying (AST) behaviour of consumers.

The main findings of the study are: After MNP implementation, consumers’ switching intentions have not changed, as they appear to be satisfied with the services of their current service provider and with regard to those who have already switched, they switched without MNP. Factors such as service quality, relational quality (i.e., satisfaction, trust, and commitment), price, reputation and image, attitude towards switching, perceived ease of use and usefulness, and switching costs (SCs) significantly affect consumers’ switching intentions. Consumers’ switching intentions predict both ASW and AST behaviour of consumers. However, switching intentions better predict AST than ASW behaviour. This implies that even if consumers have intentions to switch their current operator, they would not actually switch because of SCs involved in terms of time, money, and effort.

The authors have suggested initiatives that the service providers as well as the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) need to undertake for proper implementation and acceptance of MNP among consumers.
Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, Human Trafficking and Mega Sporting Events: A Case Study from Brazil
Authors: Neptune Ronald E
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article is to describe the operation of a four-year prevention and awareness campaign organized by an evangelical social action network that mobilized Brazilian local churches to confront the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents before and during the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The aspects explored in this article are: (a) the birth of the campaign; (b) the manner in which an evangelical network served as a catalyst to mobilize the church to confront sexual violence; and (c) the lessons learned from this experience. It was found that the problem of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents can be addressed through an enlightened and engaged church that accepts the biblical mandate to act with justice and mercy to the “least of the least” in our society: children. The church is a sleeping giant that must be awakened to break the silence of sexual violence and be a strong advocate for vulnerable children.
Searching for talent
Authors: Russell-Rose Tony , Chamberlain Jon
Published: March 2016

Recruitment professionals perform complex search tasks in order to find candidates that match client job briefs. In completing these tasks, recruiters have to contend with many core information retrieval (IR) challenges, such as query formulation, refinement and evaluation. However, despite the similarities with more established communities of information professionals such as patent lawyers and healthcare librarians, this community has been largely overlooked in IR research. This article presents results of a survey of recruitment professionals to understand their information-seeking behaviour and their needs regarding IR systems and applications. The findings are discussed in the context of the recruitment industry as a whole and are moderated by insights from professional recruiters.
Mouse Ability to Perceive Subjective Contours
Authors: Okuyama-Uchimura Fumi , Komai Shoji
Published: March 2016

In contrast to the previously held notion that mice have a weak visual system, it is now generally accepted that mice can perceive rather complicated figures in various contexts such as in cognitive experiments and in social settings. Here, we show that mice could even be capable of perceiving a visual illusion—subjective contours. This illusion requires the visual system to compensate for a lack of visual information in compressed 2D images on the retina. In this experiment, we trained mice to respond appropriately to a rectangle-shaped rewarded figure of specific orientation in a two-choice visual discrimination task with a touchscreen monitor. In Transfer Test 1, mice could discriminate illusory rectangle-shaped figures significantly as compared with a figure, which did not induce illusory figures. In Transfer Test 2, the choice rate of targets decreased with imperfect illusory figures, which produced weak perception of rotated or deficient inducers. Moreover, in Transfer Test 3, mice could not discriminate the low-resolution illusory figure, which also induced weak perception. These results demonstrated the possibility that mice might be useful for investigating fundamental properties of the neural visual system.
Homeless Shelters’ Policies on Sex Offenders: Is This Another Collateral Consequence?
Authors: Rolfe Shawn M. , Tewksbury Richard , Schroeder Ryan D.
Published: March 2016

The primary focus of sex offender research has been on the efficacy and collateral consequences of sex offender registration and notification (SORN) and residence restrictions. Past scholarship has found these laws to cause numerous re-entry barriers for sex offenders. Such barriers have affected sex offenders’ ability to find and maintain housing, employment, and social support. Moreover, registered sex offenders (RSOs) have become homeless due to such laws. Although previous scholarship has highlighted the collateral consequences of SORN, there is a lack of scholarship addressing homeless sex offenders. Specifically, the current study assesses policies regarding RSO access to homeless shelters in a four-state region, focusing on the effect of structural, procedural, and geographic factors, as well as a shelter’s proximity to children. Drawing on the loose coupling organizational framework, the findings suggest that a small maximum occupancy, unwritten policies for RSOs, being in Kentucky or Tennessee, being located near a school, and being near a higher proportion of homes with children all decrease the odds that a homeless shelter allows RSOs. Furthermore, although unwilling to make exceptions to the policies regarding RSOs, shelters were generally willing to make exceptions to other policies governing shelter accessibility.
What Does Success Look Like in the Forensic Mental Health System? Perspectives of Service Users and Service Providers
Authors: Livingston James D.
Published: March 2016

Outcomes research in forensic mental health (FMH) has concentrated on reoffending as the principal indicator of success. Defining success in one-dimensional, negative terms can create a distorted view of the diverse objectives of the FMH system. This qualitative study examined the complexity of success from the perspectives of people in the FMH system. Interviews were conducted with 18 forensic service users and 10 forensic service providers. Data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis to identify predominant themes. The participants conceptualized success as a dynamic process materializing across six different domains in the context of the FMH system: (a) normal life, (b) independent life, (c) compliant life, (d) healthy life, (e) meaningful life, and (f) progressing life. The results indicate that people who provide or use FMH services emphasize a broad range of processes and outcomes, apart from public safety, when they think about success.
Resistance welding of glass fiber reinforced PET: Effect of weld pressure and heating element geometry
Authors: Warren Kyle C , Lopez-Anido Roberto A , Freund Adam L , Dagher Habib J
Published: March 2016

The objective of this paper is to present an investigation of resistance welded thermoplastic joints using stainless steel wire mesh and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforcement. Five weld pressures and six heating element types were investigated to achieve high quality welds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of welded heating element cross-sections were analyzed to provide a phenomenological description of the weld. Welded joints were also subjected to experimental lap shear evaluation and joint strengths were compared with values from the literature to assess the overall quality of welded joints. Characteristic B-basis strengths and corresponding SEM images are compared to lead to a recommended weld pressure of 345 kPa with a stainless steel wire mesh with 100 openings per inch.
Unfit for Interpretation? A Second Look at Research Residuals
Authors: Caveng Rémy , Darbus Fanny
Published: March 2016

This article is a call to explore the potential for the renewal of knowledge and theory that may be found in the study of groups, individuals, and phenomena that escape our operations of categorization or that are left untreated because we cannot understand or explain them, or simply because we do not notice or comprehend them while we are in the field or analysing our materials. We have termed these materials that are unnoticed, set aside, or swept under the rug “research residuals”. The introduction to this thematic dossier bets on the possibility that knowledge can be produced using materials that had hitherto been considered unfit for interpretation.
Reflections on the State of Social Science Research on the African Continent
Authors: Wagner Claire
Published: March 2016

The International Sociological Association’s Research Committee “Logic and Methodology” (RC33), under the direction of President Nina Baur, is widening its focus on social research and methodology to include perspectives from outside Europe and North America. This is the second “Regional Report” to be jointly published by the BMS and this issue’s RC33 Newsletter. Although Africa is a heterogeneous region, this paper aims to provide a broad overview of the state of social research on the continent. Despite the many challenges that hinder research output, there are areas of strength and exciting opportunities for increasing Africa’s contribution to global knowledge production.
Pharmacist Involvement in a Community Paramedicine Team
Authors: Crockett Baely M. , Jasiak Karalea D. , Walroth Todd A. , Degenkolb Kerri E. , Stevens Andrew C. , Jung Carolyn M.
Published: March 2016

Background:

Hospital readmissions have recently gained scrutiny by health systems as a result of their high costs of care and potential for financial penalty in hospital reimbursement. Mobile-integrated health and community paramedicine (MIH-CP) programs have expanded to serve patients at high risk of hospital readmission. Pharmacists have also improved clinical outcomes for patients during in-home visits. However, pharmacists working with a MIH-CP program have not been previously described. This project utilized a novel multidisciplinary Community Paramedicine Team (CPT) consisting of a pharmacist, paramedic, and social worker to target patients with heart failure at high risk of readmission to assist with coordination of care and education.

Objectives:

This article describes the development of the CPT, delineation of CPT member responsibilities, and outcomes from pilot visits.

Methods:

The CPT visited eligible patients in their homes to provide services. Patients with heart failure who were readmitted within 30 days were eligible for a home visit.

Results:

A total of 6 patients were seen during the pilot, and 2 additional patients were seen after the pilot.

Conclusion:

Imbedding a pharmacist into a CPT provides a unique expansion of pharmacy services and a novel approach to address hospital readmissions.
High prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia among a cohort of HIV-infected patients with severe sepsis in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Muchemwa Levy , Shabir Lakhi , Andrews Ben , Bwalya Mwango
Published: March 2016

Tuberculosis is recognised as one of the leading causes of severe sepsis among HIV-infected patients. Most patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia have advanced HIV disease with CD4 counts less than 100 cells/μl and its presentation is non-specific in most instances. This was a cross-sectional study which was done by analyzing data from 201 adult HIV-infected patients who met the inclusion criteria for severe sepsis. The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bactraemia in the study population was 34.8%. Severe sepsis caused by other etiologies was observed in 33 (16.4%) of the participants. Concomitant infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bactraemia with other organisms is not uncommon in patients with severe sepsis. This cohort of HIV-infected patients had severe immunosuppression with a median CD4 count of 51 (20–136) cells/μl with moderate anaemia, mean haemoglobin 8.0 (3.0) g/dl, and were generally underweight with a mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of 21.0 (3.4) cm. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia is very common in HIV-infected patients with advanced HIV disease who present with severe sepsis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia co-infection with aerobic organisms is not uncommon. Factors that were independently associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia in our study population were MUAC and sodium level.
Limits of Executive Control
Authors: Verbruggen Frederick , McAndrew Amy , Weidemann Gabrielle , Stevens Tobias , McLaren Ian P. L.
Published: March 2016

Cognitive-control theories attribute action control to executive processes that modulate behavior on the basis of expectancy or task rules. In the current study, we examined corticospinal excitability and behavioral performance in a go/no-go task. Go and no-go trials were presented in runs of five, and go and no-go runs alternated predictably. At the beginning of each trial, subjects indicated whether they expected a go trial or a no-go trial. Analyses revealed that subjects immediately adjusted their expectancy ratings when a new run started. However, motor excitability was primarily associated with the properties of the previous trial, rather than the predicted properties of the current trial. We also observed a large latency cost at the beginning of a go run (i.e., reaction times were longer for the first trial in a go run than for the second trial). These findings indicate that actions in predictable environments are substantially influenced by previous events, even if this influence conflicts with conscious expectancies about upcoming events.
Structures of Time in Medieval Historiography
Authors: Spiegel Gabrielle
Published: March 2016

Medieval historical texts typically deploy a variety of temporal structures that underlie their literary narratives and generate both modes of emplotment and ideological messages. There are three dominant regimes of temporality that appear in these texts, often present in conjunction with one another: a strict series of events, paratactically presented without causal connection between the events that make up the series temporum; a cyclical view of history, originating ultimately in Greek and Roman historiography; and a far-reaching typological, or as Auerbach called it figural, construction of events in which antecedent events become prophecies of later ones, which represent their fulfillment. In addition, later medieval texts tend to be modeled on genealogical patterns.

This article investigates the ways in which these temporal schemes are utilized, where, despite the inherent contradictions among such temporal structures, they nonetheless appear together and collaborate in promoting a particular vision of history in the Middle Ages.
Need for Power Predicts Career Intent in University Students
Authors: Ramsay Jonathan E. , Pang Joyce S. , Ho Moon-Ho R. , Chan Kim Yin
Published: March 2016

Previous research has indicated robust relationships between implicit motives and various indices of career preference and performance, with the implicit need for power ( nPow) and the implicit need for achievement ( nAch) found to associate with leadership and entrepreneurship, respectively. However, relatively little work has examined the relationships between implicit motivation and career intention. In the present study, 149 university students completed questionnaires assessing their intention to embark on entrepreneurial, professional, or leadership careers, while implicit motivation was measured using the picture story exercise. nPow was found to positively predict entrepreneurial intent and to negatively predict professional intent, while higher nPow was positively associated with both entrepreneurial and leadership career choice. nAch did not associate significantly with any of the intent or choice measures. These results tentatively suggest a previously undocumented relationship between nPow and entrepreneurial ambition, and possible differences in the motivational profiles of aspiring and actual entrepreneurs.
Contact-induced usages of volitional moods in East Caucasian languages
Authors: Dobrushina Nina
Published: March 2016

Aims and hypothesis:

The aim of this article is to introduce a case of syntactic borrowing. I test the hypothesis that the uses of volitional forms (optative, imperative, hortative and jussive) in complement clauses of the verbs of wish and in purpose clauses in East Caucasian languages evolve under the influence of Azerbaijanian.

Design/methodology/approach and data and analysis:

The data of 13 languages are considered in the paper. To prove that shared features are contact-induced, two control languages are included in the sample. Archi belongs to the same genetic group as the languages that use volitionals in subordinate clauses, but is exposed to Azerbaijanian to a lesser extent. Axaxdərə Akhvakh belongs to another group, but has strong contacts with Azerbaijanian due to recent migration.

Findings/conclusions:

A survey shows that volitionals are used in subordinate clauses most extensively in those languages whose speakers exhibit a high level of bilingualism in Azerbaijanian, and where the contact has been longer. I assume that there is a hierarchy of borrowability of subordinate constructions involving volitionals.

Originality:

Although the influence of Turkic languages on the languages of the Caucasus in the domain of syntax has been previously discussed, the usage of volitionals in subordinate clauses has not.

Significance/implications:

It is acknowledged that social factors play an important role in shaping the linguistic consequences of contact. However, evidence of the correspondence between social factors and structural outcomes of language contact is still very scarce. The relevance of two social factors is shown in this paper: the ratio of bilingual speakers and the duration of contact.

Limitations:

I advance the hypothesis that connects the borrowability of particular constructions to their typological frequency, but the typology of subordinate uses of volitionals is not well enough investigated to make final conclusions.