bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the youth in southern India—An ancillary analysis of the Secular TRends in DiabEtes in India (STRiDE‐I) study
Authors: Nanditha Arun , Susairaj Priscilla , Satheesh Krishnamoorthy , Raghavan Arun , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Ramachandran Ambady
Published: June 2024

Background

We studied the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its associated risk factors in younger (20 and 39 years) and older individuals (≥40 years) over a 10‐year period.

Methods

Epidemiological surveys in 2006 (n = 7066) and 2016 (n = 9848) were conducted in similar urban and rural locations of southern India among people aged ≥20 years. Diagnosis of T2DM was made using World Health Organization criteria. Self‐reported diabetes was verified from medical records. Age and gender standardized prevalence and incidence rates, percentage change in obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were calculated. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression analyses. Primary study was registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03490136.

Results

In 10 years, the prevalence of T2DM increased in younger (7.8% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.0001) and older individuals (34% vs. 28.4%, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, family history of diabetes, and waist circumference, younger individuals showed a higher percentage increase in prevalence than the older group (PR = 1.36 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.62], p = 0.001) versus (PR = 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02–1.20], p = 0.02). Increase in rates of obesity and dyslipidemia was also higher in the younger than in the older individuals. In 10 years, incidence of T2DM increased by 120% (1.1% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.0001) and 150% (5% vs. 2%, p < 0.0001) in the younger and older individuals, respectively.

Conclusions

Higher percentage increase in prevalence of T2DM was seen among younger individuals over a 10‐year period. Obesity and family history of diabetes were shown to be the primary contributing factors for the rise in prevalence.

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The importance of ‘place’ and its influence on rural and remote health and well‐being in Australia
Authors: Butterworth Iain , Duggan Timmy , Greene Rodney , McConnell Matthew , Smith James A. , Tegan Susanne , Williams Carmel , Lalchandani Neha , Stearn Amy
Published: June 2024

Aims

This article explores the crucial role of ‘place’ as an ecological, social and cultural determinant of health and well‐being, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of living rurally and remotely in Australia.

Context

The health system, including health promotion, can contribute actively to creating supportive environments and places that foster health and well‐being among individuals residing in rural and remote locations. For First Nations peoples, living on Country, and caring for Country and its people, are core to Indigenous worldviews, and the promotion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and well‐being. Their forced removal from ancestral lands has been catastrophic. For all people, living in rural and remote areas can deliver an abundance of the elements that contribute to a ‘liveable’ community, including access to fresh air, green and blue space, agricultural employment, tight‐knit communities, a sense of belonging and identity, and social capital. However, living remotely also can limit access to employment opportunities, clean water, affordable food, reliable transport, social infrastructure, social networks and preventive health services. ‘Place’ is a critical enabler of maintaining a healthy life. However, current trends have led to a reduction in local services and resources, and increased exposure to the impacts of climate change.

Approach

This commentary suggests ideas and strategies through which people in rural and remote locations can strengthen the liveability, resilience and identity of their communities, and regain access to essential health care and health promotion services and resources.

Conclusion

Recommended strategies include online access to education, employment and telehealth; flexible provision of social infrastructure; and meaningful and responsive university‐health service partnerships.
Missing phosphorus legacy of the Anthropocene: Quantifying residual phosphorus in the biosphere
Authors: Margenot Andrew J. , Zhou Shengnan , Xu Suwei , Condron Leo M. , Metson Geneviève S. , Haygarth Philip M. , Wade Jordon , Agyeman Prince C.
Published: June 2024

A defining feature of the Anthropocene is the distortion of the biosphere phosphorus (P) cycle. A relatively sudden acceleration of input fluxes without a concomitant increase in output fluxes has led to net accumulation of P in the terrestrial‐aquatic continuum. Over the past century, P has been mined from geological deposits to produce crop fertilizers. When P inputs are not fully removed with harvest of crop biomass, the remaining P accumulates in soils. This residual P is a uniquely anthropogenic pool of P, and its management is critical for agronomic and environmental sustainability. Managing residual P first requires its quantification—but measuring residual P is challenging. In this review, we synthesize approaches to quantifying residual P, with emphasis on advantages, disadvantages, and complementarity. Common approaches to estimate residual P are mass balances, long‐term experiments, soil test P trends and chronosequences, with varying suitability or even limitations to distinct spatiotemporal scales. We demonstrate that individual quantification approaches are (i) constrained, (ii) often complementary, and (iii) may be feasible at only certain time–space scales. While some of these challenges are inherent to the quantification approach, in many cases there are surmountable challenges that can be addressed by unifying existing P pool and flux datasets, standardizing and synchronizing data collection on pools and fluxes, and quantifying uncertainty. Though defined as a magnitude, the distribution and speciation of residual P is relatively less understood but shapes its utilization and environmental impacts. The form of residual P will vary by agroecosystem context due to edaphoclimatic‐specific transformation of the accumulated P, which has implications for management (e.g., crop usage) and future policies (e.g., lag times in P loading from non‐point sources). Quantifying the uncertainty in measuring residual P holds value beyond scientific understanding, as it supports prioritization of monitoring and management resources and inform policy.
Refining stoichiometric approaches to trace soil organic matter sources
Authors: Chang Yi , Ji Dechang , Sokol Noah W. , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Bradford Mark A. , Crowther Thomas W. , Liang Chao , Luo Yiqi , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wang Jingkuan , Ding Fan
Published: June 2024

In their Letter‐to‐Editor, Liu & Chen (2024) raised the importance and suitability of our recent stoichiometric approach to assess the contribution of plant residue (litter) and microbial sources to mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM). We highly appreciate their Letter as well as the further suggestion and comments and offer two points of clarification. We call for staying aware of methodological benefits and limitations of each approach, and further develop and compare multiple methods to develop a clearer picture of where and to what extent MAOM is formed from direct vs. indirect (via the microbial funnel) plant inputs.
Surveying the welfare of farmed fish species on a global scale through the fair‐fish database
Authors: Maia Caroline Marques , Saraiva João Luis , Volstorf Jenny , Gonçalves‐de‐Freitas Eliane
Published: June 2024

Fish welfare is a critical issue that needs to be addressed by the rapidly growing aquaculture industry. Scientific knowledge regarding the natural behaviors of species and the conditions in which they are kept in farms is essential for improving their welfare in aquaculture. To provide a consistent overview of the welfare of farmed fish, the organization fair‐fish has created the online platform fair‐fish database, which gathers ethological knowledge categorized into profiles of farmed aquatic species. The WelfareChecks on this platform are profiles based on criteria that are rated based on the likelihood and potential of the species to experience a high level of welfare in aquaculture systems, together with the certainty about the findings. A score (WelfareScore) is calculated from these ratings, serving as a reference to identify knowledge gaps, assess welfare, and suggest ways to improve it. Here, we performed an in‐depth analysis of the species with WelfareChecks already published in the fair‐fish database based on their respective WelfareScores. In general, although just a small percentage of farmed aquatic species (~5%) have at least a 20% chance of experiencing a good level of welfare under minimal aquaculture conditions, 60% of them have at least some potential to achieve good welfare under high‐standard conditions, with more than a third of the species (~37%) having at least a 20% potential. Despite that, several species exhibit a very high frequency of low chances and potential for experiencing good welfare levels under aquaculture conditions, besides a low degree of certainty based on literature reviews. Furthermore, many others show a very frequent occurrence of unclear or nonexistent knowledge in their profiles. The current welfare state is therefore poor for the majority of farmed aquatic species; yet, there is considerable potential for improvement. However, many species are very unlikely to achieve good welfare, even under high‐standard conditions. Importantly, large knowledge gaps remain for an accurate assessment of the welfare of several farmed species.
Unveiling the Larsen effect in the scientific literature domain: Navigating quality amidst the artificial intelligence‐driven deluge
Authors: D'Aniello Luca
Published: June 2024

The challenges faced by the massive increase in scientific publications draw parallels to the Larsen effect, where an amplified sound loop leads to escalating noise. This phenomenon has resulted in information overload, making it difficult for researchers to stay updated and identify significant findings. To address this, knowledge synthesis techniques are recommended. These methods help synthesize and visualize large bodies of literature, aiding researchers in navigating the expanding information landscape. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing tools, such as text summarization, offer innovative solutions for managing information overload. However, the overuse of AI in producing scientific literature raises concerns about the quality and integrity of research. This manuscript highlights the need for balanced use of AI tools and collaborative efforts to maintain high‐quality scientific output while leveraging the benefits of extensive research.
Solow's attempt to revive the concept of ‘social rate of return’ and Pasinetti's critique
Authors: Kurz Heinz D. , Salvadori Neri
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with Robert Solow's attempt to revive the concept of the ‘social rate of return’ and Luigi Pasinetti's critique of it. By means of this concept Solow thought to be able to circumnavigate the capital theoretical attack on the marginalist theory by claiming that the rate of interest is an accurate measure of, and can be seen as being determined by, the ‘social rate of return’. His analysis focused on a switch‐point between two techniques, in which, alas, the rate of interest is already fixed. Pasinetti objected that, by construction, Solow established the opposite of what he thought he had done. Since in a switch‐point also the prices of capital goods are known, the ‘quantity of capital’ employed is fixed: it depends on the rate of interest and therefore cannot be taken as given independently of it and the corresponding system of prices.
Learning from patient safety incidents: The Green Cross method
Authors: Jacobsen Hilde Kristin , Ballangrud Randi , Birkeli Gørill Helen
Published: June 2024

Background

Hospitals can improve how they learn from patient safety incidents. The Green Cross method, a proactive reporting and learning method, is one strategy to meet this challenge. In it, nurses play a key role. However, describing its impact on learning from the users' perspective is important.

Aim

This study aimed to describe nurses' experiences of learning from patient safety incidents before and 3 months after implementing the Green Cross method in a postanaesthesia care unit.

Study Design

A qualitative study with an inductive descriptive design with focus group interviews was conducted before and 3 months after implementing the Green Cross method to assess its impact. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study was conducted in a postanaesthesia care unit in a Norwegian hospital trust.

Results

Before implementing the Green Cross method, participants indicated limited openness and learning, including the subcategories ‘Lack of openness hampers learning’, ‘Adverse events were taken seriously’ and ‘Insufficient visible improvements’. After implementing the Green Cross method, participants indicated the emergence of a learning environment, including the subcategories ‘Transparency increases learning’, ‘Increased patient safety awareness’ and ‘Committed to quality improvements’.

Conclusions

Implementing the Green Cross method in a postanaesthesia care unit positively impacted openness and nurses' patient safety awareness, which is crucial for learning and improving quality.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The Green Cross method could be useful for organizational learning and facilitating learning from patient safety incidents through transparency, discussion and involvement of nursing staff.
Enhancing speech perception in noise through articulation
Authors: Perron Maxime , Liu Qiying , Tremblay Pascale , Alain Claude
Published: June 2024

Considerable debate exists about the interplay between auditory and motor speech systems. Some argue for common neural mechanisms, whereas others assert that there are few shared resources. In four experiments, we tested the hypothesis that priming the speech motor system by repeating syllable pairs aloud improves subsequent syllable discrimination in noise compared with a priming discrimination task involving same–different judgments via button presses. Our results consistently showed that participants who engaged in syllable repetition performed better in syllable discrimination in noise than those who engaged in the priming discrimination task. This gain in accuracy was observed for primed and new syllable pairs, highlighting increased sensitivity to phonological details. The benefits were comparable whether the priming tasks involved auditory or visual presentation. Inserting a 1‐h delay between the priming tasks and the syllable‐in‐noise task, the benefits persisted but were confined to primed syllable pairs. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in older adults. Our findings substantiate the existence of a speech production–perception relationship. They also have clinical relevance as they raise the possibility of production‐based interventions to improve speech perception ability. This would be particularly relevant for older adults who often encounter difficulties in perceiving speech in noise.
ONE WOMAN: THE DAILY LIFE OF A NON‐ELITE WOMAN IN FINAL‐PALATIAL CRETE
Authors: German Senta C.
Published: June 2024

In the tradition of people’s history, the following is a hypothetical reconstruction of the life of a textile worker from Final‐palatial Knossos (c.1375–1050 BC). This reconstruction is built upon a broad array of archaeological, philological, ceramic, ethnographic, palaeobotanical and osteological studies. Although hypothetical, this data‐based, multidisciplinary reconstruction is offered as one way to get at lived experience of the non‐elite, and specifically of women, something presently lacking in the field of Aegean Prehistory.
Influences on e‐governance in Africa: A study of economic, political, and infrastructural dynamics
Authors: Olumekor Michael , Mangai Mary S. , Madumo Onkgopotse S. , Mohiuddin Muhammad , Polbitsyn Sergey N.
Published: June 2024

E‐governance is considered one of the most important factors in delivering and administering public services in modern societies. However, data show that many African countries are currently lagging behind countries in other parts of the world. This manuscript investigates how various factors, including economic prosperity, government effectiveness, and infrastructural support, contribute to the growth and effectiveness of e‐governance initiatives in 54 African countries. We specifically analyze the influence of three factors: economic prosperity (measured by GDP per capita), political competence (measured by government effectiveness), and infrastructural or technological support (measured by access to electricity). Panel data covering a 5‐year period were retrieved from databases of the United Nations and World Bank, and a multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. We found that the three factors influenced e‐governance to varying degrees. However, while infrastructural support and political competence were statistically significant, economic prosperity was not.
Detection of huanglongbing infection in citrus using compositional analysis of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Xu Qian , Ma Lixin , Zhou Ruiyun , Wang Chen , Bai Junwen , Sun Li , Cai Jianrong
Published: June 2024

Huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and is spread by citrus psyllids. It is a highly damaging and infectious disease of citrus for which there is no reliable treatment. Timely detection and removal of diseased trees is an effective strategy to control HLB. Various citrus cultivars infected with HLB exhibit distinct symptoms, posing a challenge to generalize HLB detection methods across multiple cultivars. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HLB‐infected leaves from cultivars grown in different regions were comprehensively analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS), aiming to establish a new generalized HLB detection method applicable to a range of citrus cultivars. The changes in VOCs were analysed in leaves of four citrus cultivars after infection with HLB. The results showed that there was a similar response to HLB infection in different citrus cultivars, and this response was reflected in both the concentration and type of VOCs. By combining GC‐MS and GC‐IMS with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model, the accurate identification of the HLB infection status of different citrus cultivars was achieved, with the prediction indices reaching 0.994 for GC‐MS and 0.972 for GC‐IMS. In addition, 27 compounds were identified that were significantly different between citrus cultivars affected by HLB and healthy plants. This study provides valuable insights into the changes in VOCs in citrus cultivars after HLB infection and lays the theoretical foundation for VOC‐based HLB detection strategies.
2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Methods, evidence identification, evaluation, and consensus process for development of treatment recommendations
Authors: Fletcher Daniel J. , Boller Manuel , Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Fausak Erik , Van Noord Megan G. , Mears Kim , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To describe the methodology used by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) to re‐evaluate the scientific evidence relevant to CPR in small and large animals, to newborn resuscitation, and to first aid and to formulate the respective consensus‐based clinical guidelines.

Design

This report describes the evidence‐to‐guidelines process employed by RECOVER that is based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and includes Information Specialist‐driven systematic literature search, evidence evaluation conducted by more than 200 veterinary professionals, and provision of clinical guidelines in the domains of Preparedness and Prevention, Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support, Post‐cardiac Arrest Care, Newborn Resuscitation, First Aid, and Large Animal CPR.

Setting

Transdisciplinary, international collaboration in academia, referral practice, and general practice.

Results

For this update to the RECOVER 2012 CPR guidelines, we answered 135 Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) questions with the help of a team of Domain Chairs, Information Specialists, and more than 200 Evidence Evaluators. Most primary contributors were veterinary specialists or veterinary technician specialists. The RECOVER 2024 Guidelines represent the first veterinary application of the GRADE approach to clinical guideline development. We employed an iterative process that follows a predefined sequence of steps designed to reduce bias of Evidence Evaluators and to increase the repeatability of the quality of evidence assessments and ultimately the treatment recommendations. The process also allowed numerous important knowledge gaps to emerge that form the foundation for prioritizing research efforts in veterinary resuscitation science.

Conclusions

Large collaborative, volunteer‐based development of evidence‐ and consensus‐based clinical guidelines is challenging and complex but feasible. The experience gained will help refine the process for future veterinary guidelines initiatives.
Partial incision blunt scissors lamellar keratectomy under topical anesthesia for the treatment of presumed calcific corneal degeneration in dogs
Authors: Rowen Rachel C. , Curto Elizabeth M. , Gratzek Ann T.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate clinical features of lamellar keratectomy for presumed calcific corneal degeneration in a population of geriatric dogs using blunt scissors dissection under topical anesthesia.

Animals studied and procedures

Retrospective analysis of dogs with clinically diagnosed calcific degeneration treated by keratectomy under topical anesthesia between 2015 and 2021 at two veterinary ophthalmology practices was performed. Descriptive data regarding signalment, concurrent systemic and ocular disease, complications, healing time, and recurrence were collected. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to calculate 1‐year recurrence probability.

Results

Sixty‐five eyes in 57 dogs met inclusion criteria. All 54 eyes with follow‐up healed within a median of 14 days (7–74), including 17 with complicating factors of infection or deep stromal ulceration. Globe rupture occurred intraoperatively in three eyes (4.6%), for which subsequent conjunctival graft was performed. Calculated 1‐year recurrence probability from 47 eyes followed long term was 25%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling showed a significant association between documented systemic disease and time to recurrence (p = .035), irrespective of topical EDTA use (p = .432). Median follow‐up time available for all cases was 249 days.

Conclusions

Blunt lamellar dissection with corneal scissors can be performed in dogs under topical anesthesia, yielding healing times and recurrence comparable to previously reported treatments for calcific corneal degeneration. Globe rupture is an inherent risk of both the disease and procedure and occurred in 4.6% of treated eyes. This approach expands non‐anesthetic treatment options for affected patients but should only be performed with advanced microsurgical training and client counseling on individual risk and benefit.
Changing Active to Passive Sentence in Indonesian using Graph Theory and Pascal
Authors: Bahri Susila , Firdaus Aulia Rahmayu
Published: June 2024

This study discusses how graph theory is employed to changes four types of active sentence patterns into passive sentences in Indonesian. By considering 12 types of words as vertices, a weighted active sentence graph is constructed. The graph is then converted into an adjacency matrix. Furthermore, by using the transformation, the adjacency matrix is converted into a passive sentence adjacency matrix. The adjacency matrix is converted back into a passive sentence graph. From this graph, a passive sentence is generated. In the end, the Pascal program for converting active sentence to passive sentence is also used.
Exploration of Ca⁺² Binding Affinity to DEAD-Box Helicase through Computational Approaches
Authors: Iqbal Shehryar , Iqbal Zafar , Hussain Hamid , Mauvia Usman , Rehman Muhamamd Sajid , Raza Ali
Published: June 2024

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an occasional catastrophic fatal autosomal dominant or recessive inherited disease that affects an estimated ≈1-5000/10000 people including children, adolescents and young adults, which may cause syncope, abrupt cardiac death during exercise and emotional state. Calmodulin (CALM) functions as a messenger protein of intracellular Ca+2 signaling in cardiomyocytes that transmits complex Ca+2 ions to the proteins involved in cardiac contraction, and its activation is also facilitated by the binding of Ca+2 ions. CALM structure contains 4 EF-hands, each EF-hand holds a single Ca+2 ion (designated as, CA149, CA150, CA151 and CA152). In this study, we performed detailed in_silico analysis of normal and mutated (ASN53ILE) CALM structures to characterize their Ca+2 binding abilities. In CALM-ASN53ILE-Pep-IQ complex, we observed a binding shift of P68(Pep-IQ) as compared to CALM-WT. The root mean square deviation was in the range of 0.4-1 nm for all the systems, while root mean square fluctuation values were in the range of 0.3-0.6 nm for bound versus unbound proteins. Hydrogen-bond profiling was significantly different between CALM-WT and CALM-ASN53ILE over the course of simulation. We observed an introduction of β1 and β2-segment between α1- α2 and α3- α4 along with the movement of C-terminal approximately to 1800 in the apo-CALM-ASN53ILE. Thus, we propose that, ASN53ILE has a pathological impact in the progression of CPVT due to structural and conformational changes in CALM and its binding affinity towards P68(Pep-IQ). The current study may constitute a valuable starting point for CPVT therapeutics through the involvement of CALM-ASN53ILE for designing novel inhibitors to cope with neuropathological disorder.
Enhanced Method for Estimating Unknown Parameters in Single Diode Model for Solar Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Amaidi Maria , Zaaraoui Lassaad , Mansouri Ali
Published: June 2024

Three models of equivalent circuit are frequently applied for modelling solar cells/modules: single, double and three diode models. Among these, the single diode (SD) model is currently the most widely applied for solar cell modelling. This model is characterized by five parameters, which can be estimated using various methods. In the present work, the unknown parameters of this model are determined using an improved hybrid method. Our research introduces an innovative approach for this purpose. Our method formulates and resolves the equations defining these critical parameters. Particularly, our main objective revolves around estimating the diode's saturation current (I0), series resistance, photocurrent (Iph) and parallel resistance (Rsh), ideality factor ( through these equations. We confirmed our method reliability by thoroughly simulating the I-V curves of six PV cells, showing the credibility and the precision of our approach. This research significantly advances solar cell modelling by offering an improved technique for estimating crucial parameters within the SD model, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of solar cell performance predictions.
Study the Effects of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index on Heart Rate
Authors: Nahdiyya Fina , Khotimah Siti Nurul
Published: June 2024

Heart disease is one of the deadliest diseases in the world in 2019; the increase in deaths has reached 2 million to 8.9 million people since 2000. Heart rate (HR) is an essential medical helpful sign for quickly evaluating health and knowing a person's fitness. Besides cardio exercises, some non-physical activities influence HR, such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). This study aims to analyze the RR intervals in leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF and determine the effect of age, gender, and BMI on HR. HR measurements were carried out using a portable ECG, the KardiaMobile 6L, during 30 seconds of recording on the subject in resting conditions and normal sinus rhythm. The number of subjects in this study was 168 people in 5 age groups, namely A (4-5 years), B (6-7 years), C (10-13 years), D (19-30 years) and E ( 55-75 years). Each age group consisted of female and male subjects, but complete BMI category variations were only found in group D. Based on the results of the HR analysis based on age, it can be concluded that with age, HR will decrease. This decrease is estimated at 4.19 bpm/year in the age range of children to adolescents (4.0 to 11.5 years) and 0.16 bpm/year in the age range of adolescents to the elderly (11.5 to 75 years). Based on gender in all age groups, it can be concluded that the average HR of women is not always higher than that of men. In group D (19-30 years), BMI in resting subjects did not affect HR. RR interval values ​​in lead I (0.6997  0.056), lead II (0.6998  0.056), lead III (0.6998  0.056), aVR (0.6998  0.056), aVL (0.6995  0.057 ) and aVF (0.6998  0.056) indicate that the RR interval values ​​for each lead are identical.
Association between Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Iraqi Women
Authors: M. Allos Mina , M. Naif Hassan
Published: June 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus that primarily causes premalignant and malignant cervical lesions particularly infection with high-risk types of viruses. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological tumor, ranking second in the female reproductive system tumor, particularly in women from developing countries. The prevalent and genotyping of high-risk HPV among Iraqi women during various stages of cervical lesions and cervical cancer were examined by using a real-time PCR. Results of this work revealed that the prevalence of HPV infection in women suffering from gynecological problem was 43%. The distribution of the high-risk HPV was relatively high for both HR-HPV-16 (44.90%) and HR-HPV-39 (14.29%), with HR-HPV-16 is being the most common. The finding of this study can be used to manage HPV infection and cervical cancer particularly at earlier stages of cervical lesions.
Seidel Laplacian and Seidel Signless Laplacian Energies of Commuting Graph for Dihedral Groups
Authors: Romdhini Mamika Ujianita , Nawawi Athirah , Syechah Bulqis Nebula
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we discuss the energy of the commuting graph. The vertex set of the graph is dihedral groups and the edges between two distinct vertices represent the commutativity of the group elements. The spectrum of the graph is associated with the Seidel Laplacian and Seidel signless Laplacian matrices. The results are similar to the well-known fact that the energies are not odd integers. We also highlight the relation that the Seidel signless Laplacian energy is never less than Seidel Laplacian energy. Ultimately, we classify the graphs according to the energy value as the hyperenergetic.
Nonfree almost finite actions for locally finite‐by‐virtually Z${\mathbb {Z}}$ groups
Authors: Li Kang , Ma Xin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study almost finiteness and almost finiteness in measure of nonfree actions. Let be a minimal action of a locally finite‐by‐virtually group on the Cantor set . We prove that under certain assumptions, the action is almost finite in measure if and only if is essentially free. As an application, we obtain that any minimal topologically free action of a virtually group on an infinite compact metrizable space with the small boundary property is almost finite. This is the first general result, assuming only topological freeness, in this direction, and these lead to new results on uniform property and ‐stability for their crossed product ‐algebras. Some concrete examples of minimal topological free (but nonfree) subshifts are provided.
Reducing Rouquier complexes
Authors: Maltoni Leonardo
Published: June 2024

We describe reduced representatives for positive Rouquier complexes. These are obtained via Morse theoretical Gaussian elimination from the corresponding standard representatives. The underlying graded object is still a direct sum of Bott–Samelson objects, but over subwords rather than subexpressions.
Alcaligenes faecalis
corrects aberrant matrix metalloproteinase expression to promote reepithelialization of diabetic wounds
Authors: White Ellen K. , Uberoi Aayushi , Pan Jamie Ting-Chun , Ort Jordan T. , Campbell Amy E. , Murga-Garrido Sofia M. , Harris Jordan C. , Bhanap Preeti , Wei Monica , Robles Nelida Y. , Gardner Sue E. , Grice Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2024

Chronic wounds are a common and costly complication of diabetes, where multifactorial defects contribute to dysregulated skin repair, inflammation, tissue damage, and infection. We previously showed that aspects of the diabetic foot ulcer microbiota were correlated with poor healing outcomes, but many microbial species recovered remain uninvestigated with respect to wound healing. Here, we focused on
Alcaligenes faecalis
, a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently recovered from chronic wounds but rarely causes infection. Treatment of diabetic wounds with
A. faecalis
accelerated healing during early stages. We investigated the underlying mechanisms and found that
A. faecalis
treatment promotes reepithelialization of diabetic keratinocytes, a process that is necessary for healing but deficient in chronic wounds. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases in diabetes contributes to failed epithelialization, and we found that
A. faecalis
treatment balances this overexpression to allow proper healing. This work uncovers a mechanism of bacterial-driven wound repair and provides a foundation for the development of microbiota-based wound interventions.
The nasty neighbor effect in humans
Authors: Romano Angelo , Gross Jörg , De Dreu Carsten K. W.
Published: June 2024

Like other group-living species, humans often cooperate more with an in-group member than with out-group members and strangers. Greater in-group favoritism should imply that people also compete less with in-group members than with out-group members and strangers. However, in situations where people could invest to take other’s resources and invest to protect against exploitation, we observed the opposite. Akin to what in other species is known as the “nasty neighbor effect,” people invested more when facing an in-group rather than out-group member or stranger across 51 nations, in different communities in Kenya, and in representative samples from the United Kingdom. This “nasty neighbor” behavior is independent of in-group favoritism in trust and emerges when people perceive within-group resource scarcity. We discuss how to reconcile that humans exhibit nastiness and favoritism toward in-group members with existing theory on in-group favoritism.
The child who lived: Down syndrome among Neanderthals?
Authors: Conde-Valverde Mercedes , Quirós-Sánchez Amara , Diez-Valero Julia , Mata-Castro Nieves , García-Fernández Alfredo , Quam Rolf , Carretero José Miguel , García-González Rebeca , Rodríguez Laura , Sánchez-Andrés Ángeles , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Martínez Ignacio , Villaverde Valentín
Published: June 2024

Caregiving for disabled individuals among Neanderthals has been known for a long time, and there is a debate about the implications of this behavior. Some authors believe that caregiving took place between individuals able to reciprocate the favor, while others argue that caregiving was produced by a feeling of compassion related to other highly adaptive prosocial behaviors. The study of children with severe pathologies is particularly interesting, as children have a very limited possibility to reciprocate the assistance. We present the case of a Neanderthal child who suffered from a congenital pathology of the inner ear, probably debilitating, and associated with Down syndrome. This child would have required care for at least 6 years, likely necessitating other group members to assist the mother in childcare
Optogenetic β cell interrogation in vivo reveals a functional hierarchy directing the Ca
2+
response to glucose supported by vitamin B6
Authors: Delgadillo-Silva Luis Fernando , Tasöz Emirhan , Singh Sumeet Pal , Chawla Prateek , Georgiadou Eleni , Gompf Anne , Rutter Guy A. , Ninov Nikolay
Published: June 2024

Coordination of cellular activity through Ca
2+
enables β cells to secrete precise quantities of insulin. To explore how the Ca
2+
response is orchestrated in space and time, we implement optogenetic systems to probe the role of individual β cells in the glucose response. By targeted β cell activation/inactivation in zebrafish, we reveal a hierarchy of cells, each with a different level of influence over islet-wide Ca
2+
dynamics. First-responder β cells lie at the top of the hierarchy, essential for initiating the first-phase Ca
2+
response. Silencing first responders impairs the Ca
2+
response to glucose. Conversely, selective activation of first responders demonstrates their increased capability to raise pan-islet Ca
2+
levels compared to followers. By photolabeling and transcriptionally profiling β cells that differ in their thresholds to a glucose-stimulated Ca
2+
response, we highlight vitamin B6 production as a signature pathway of first responders. We further define an evolutionarily conserved requirement for vitamin B6 in enabling the Ca
2+
response to glucose in mammalian systems.
Hierarchical determinants in cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) toxins driving Rho G-protein deamidation versus transglutamination
Authors: Handy Nicholas B. , Xu Yiting , Moon Damee , Sowizral Jacob J. , Moon Eric , Ho Mengfei , Wilson Brenda A.
Published: June 2024

The cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) family of AB-type bacterial protein toxins catalyze two types of modification on their Rho GTPase substrates: deamidation and transglutamination. It has been established that
E. coli
CNF1 and its close homolog proteins catalyze primarily deamidation and
Bordetella
dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) catalyzes primarily transglutamination. The rapidly expanding microbial genome sequencing data have revealed that there are at least 13 full-length variants of CNF1 homologs. CNFx from
E. coli
strain GN02091 is the most distant from all other members of the CNF family with 50%–55% sequence identity at the protein level and 0.45–0.52 nucleotide substitutions per site at the DNA level. CNFx modifies RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, and like CNF1, activates downstream SRE-dependent mitogenic signaling pathways in human HEK293T cells, but at a 1,000-fold higher EC
50
value. Unlike other previously characterized CNF toxins, CNFx modifies Rho proteins primarily through transglutamination, as evidenced by gel-shift assay and confirmed by MALDI mass spectral analysis, when coexpressed with Rho-protein substrates in
E. coli
BL21 cells or through direct treatment of HEK293T cells. A comparison of CNF1 and CNFx sequences identified two critical active-site residues corresponding to positions 832 and 862 in CNF1. Reciprocal site-specific mutations at these residues in each toxin revealed hierarchical rules that define the preference for deamidase versus a transglutaminase activity in CNFs. An additional unique Cys residue at the C-terminus of CNFx was also discovered to be critical for retarding cargo delivery.

IMPORTANCE

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) toxins not only play important virulence roles in pathogenic
E. coli
and other bacterial pathogens, but CNF-like genes have also been found in an expanding number of genomes from clinical isolates. Harnessing the power of evolutionary relationships among the CNF toxins enabled the deciphering of the hierarchical active-site determinants that define whether they modify their Rho GTPase substrates through deamidation or transglutamination. With our finding that a distant CNF variant (CNFx) unlike other known CNFs predominantly transglutaminates its Rho GTPase substrates, the paradigm of “CNFs deamidate and DNTs transglutaminate” could finally be attributed to two critical amino acid residues within the active site other than the previously identified catalytic Cys-His dyad residues. The significance of our approach and research findings is that they can be applied to deciphering enzyme reaction determinants and substrate specificities for other bacterial proteins in the development of precision therapeutic strategies.
Supplemental Material: Revised geologic map and structural interpretation of the Mineral King pendant, southern Sierra Nevada, California: Evidence for kilometer-scale folding and structural imbrication of a Permian to mid-Cretaceous volcanosedimentary assemblage
Authors: Greene David C. , al. et
Published: June 2024

Figure 3. Revised geologic map of the Mineral King pendant, California, USA. Modified from Sisson and Moore (2013). 
Colchicine in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CHANCE-3): multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Li Jiejie , Meng Xia , Shi Fu-Dong , Jing Jing , Gu Hong-Qiu , Jin Aoming , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Johnston S Claiborne , Hankey Graeme J , Easton J Donald , Chang Liguo , Shi Penglai , Wang Lihua , Zhuang Xianbo , Li Haitao , Zang Yingzhuo , Zhang Jianling , Sun Zengqiang , Liu Dongqi , Li Ying , Yang Hongqin , Zhao Jinguo , Yu Weiran , Wang Anxin , Pan Yuesong , Lin Jinxi , Xie Xuewei , Jin Wei-Na , Li Shuya , Niu Siying , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Zixiao , Liu Liping , Zheng Huaguang , Wang Yongjun
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine versus placebo on reducing the risk of subsequent stroke after high risk non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within the first three months of symptom onset (CHANCE-3).

Design

Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Setting

244 hospitals in China between 11 August 2022 and 13 April 2023.

Participants

8343 patients aged 40 years of age or older with a minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L were enrolled.

Interventions

Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 within 24 h of symptom onset to receive colchicine (0.5 mg twice daily on days 1-3, followed by 0.5 mg daily thereafter) or placebo for 90 days.

Main outcome measures

The primary efficacy outcome was any new stroke within 90 days after randomisation. The primary safety outcome was any serious adverse event during the treatment period. All efficacy and safety analyses were by intention to treat.

Results

4176 patients were assigned to the colchicine group and 4167 were assigned to the placebo group. Stroke occurred within 90 days in 264 patients (6.3%) in the colchicine group and 270 patients (6.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.16); P=0.79). Any serious adverse event was observed in 91 (2.2%) patients in the colchicine group and 88 (2.1%) in the placebo group (P=0.83).

Conclusions

The study did not provide evidence that low-dose colchicine could reduce the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days as compared with placebo among patients with acute non-cardioembolic minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT05439356
.
What is the economic and social return on investment for telephone cancer information and support services in Australia? An evaluative social return on investment study protocol
Authors: McCaffrey Nikki , White Victoria , Engel Lidia , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Orellana Liliana , Livingston Patricia M , Paul Christine L , Aranda Sanchia , De Silva Daswin , Bucholc Jessica , Hutchinson Alison M , Steiner Anna , Ratcliffe Julie , Lane Katherine , Spence Danielle , Harper Todd , Livingstone Ann , Fradgley Elizabeth , Hutchinson Claire Louise
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Over 50% of people affected by cancer report unmet support needs. To address unmet information and psychological needs, non-government organisations such as Cancer Councils (Australia) have developed state-based telephone cancer information and support services. Due to competing demands, evidence of the value of these services is needed to ensure that future investment makes the best use of scarce resources. This research aims to determine the costs and broader economic and social value of a telephone support service, to inform future funding and service provision.

Methods and analysis

A codesigned, evaluative social return on investment analysis (SROI) will be conducted to estimate and compare the costs and monetised benefits of Cancer Council Victoria’s (CCV) telephone support line, 13 11 20, over 1-year and 3-year benefit periods. Nine studies will empirically estimate the parameters to inform the SROI and calculate the ratio (economic and social value to value invested): step 1 mapping outcomes (in-depth analysis of CCV’s 13 11 20 recorded call data; focus groups and interviews); step 2 providing evidence of outcomes (comparative survey of people affected by cancer who do and do not call CCV’s 13 11 20; general public survey); step 3 valuing the outcomes (financial proxies, value games); step 4 establishing the impact (Delphi); step 5 calculating the net benefit and step 6 service improvement (discrete choice experiment (DCE), ‘what if’ analysis). Qualitative (focus groups, interviews) and quantitative studies (natural language processing, cross-sectional studies, Delphi) and economic techniques (willingness-to-pay, financial proxies, value games, DCE) will be applied.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for each of the studies will be sought independently as the project progresses. So far, ethics approval has been granted for the first two studies. As each study analysis is completed, results will be disseminated through presentation, conferences, publications and reports to the partner organisations.