bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reply to Grotius’s Critics. On Constitutional Law
Authors: van Nifterik Gustaaf
Published: March 2019

It is not always easy to interpret Grotius’s constitutional theory that lies hidden within his book on the law of war and peace. After a very concise discussion of this constitutional framework, this study turns to various interpretations and conclusions by contemporary scholars that sit awkwardly within the theory. The interpretations of Richard Tuck, Peter Borschberg, Knud Haakonson, Frank Grunert, Deborah Baumgold, Marco Barducci, Daniel Lee and Gustaaf van Nifterik are discussed critically.
The Politics of Affect: the Glue of Religious and Identity Conflicts in Social Media
Authors: Abdel-Fadil Mona
Published: March 2019

Affect theory often overlooks decades of anthropological, feminist, queer, and postcolonial scholarship on emotion. I build on this extensive scholarship of emotion and use my online ethnography of a Facebook group that promotes the public visibility of Christianity as a springboard to build a conceptual framework of the politics of affect. I address three theoretical gaps: 1) the lack of distinction between different emotions, 2) how affect is often performed for someone, and 3) the varying intensities of emotion. I delve into the intricate ways in which emotions fuel identities, worldviews, and their contestations, and how fake news may come to be perceived as affectively factual. This article deepens our understanding of the role of affect in polemic and mediatized conflicts. The role of emotion in religious conflicts and identity politics is not simply analytically useful, but is, at times, the very fabric of which political ideas are made.
Digital Survivance: Mediatization and the Sacred in the Tribal Digital Activism of the #NoDAPL Movement
Authors: Clark Lynn Schofield , Hinzo Angel
Published: March 2019

To explore the role of contestation in mediatization processes, this article utilizes digital and visual methods to analyze instances of Indigenous digital survivance. Focusing on recent examples at the heart of the #NoDAPL movement allows us to flesh out and argue for a decolonizing approach to the study of mediatization, which we define, following Clark (2011), as the process by which collective uses of communication media (1) extend the development of independent media industries and their circulation of narratives, (2) contribute to new forms of action and interaction in the social world, and (3) give shape to how we think of humanity and our place in the world. The article therefore concludes with suggestions regarding the further development of methodological approaches to studying processes of mediatization in relation to contestations over normative claims and pragmatic concerns regarding the role of media systems in our collective future.
Media, Public Scholarship and Religious Controversy: Notes from Trump’s America
Authors: Hoover Stewart M.
Published: March 2019

The persistence of religion in the twenty-first century has renewed the importance of scholarships devoted to it. At the same time, the digital age has re-positioned and recentered the affordances of mediated circulations around "the religious." This increasing presence and significance of media and religion suggests that substantive scholarships of religion must necessarily articulate media as well. Religious controversies therefore present a special challenge and a special opportunity to scholarships of media and religion. New ways of doing scholarship, and doing so publicly, present themselves. All scholarships of mediated religion must necessarily be public, so scholarship is articulated into these circulations, and at the same time can build on and benefit from knowledge-building that occurs outside the formal boundaries of the academy. This paper explores emerging theories of digital mediation and proposes a circulation-focused understanding of the role, place, and potentials of scholarships today.
Is an Atheist Religion in Austria Legally Possible?
Authors: Apfalter Wilfried
Published: March 2019

In the face of widespread opinion holding that atheism is somehow necessarily separated from religion and opposed to it, the question “Is an atheist religion in Austria legally possible?” is both intriguing and challenging, leading to the cutting edge of contemporary studies on law, religion, and state. By providing a close, focused view on the legal framework concerning an example case in the Republic of Austria, the present article revisits this widespread opinion. It argues that this opinion can be challenged from a legal point of view in at least one concrete case, namely that of a growing group of atheists who try to establish an officially accepted, state-registered religious denominational community of atheists: Atheistische Religionsgesellschaft in Österreich (Atheist Religious Society in Austria), or arg for short. The article discusses this case and concludes that an atheist religion is legally possible in Austria.
Measuring Multisensory Imagery of Wine: the Vividness of Wine Imagery Questionnaire
Authors: Croijmans Ilja , Speed Laura J. , Arshamian Artin , Majid Asifa
Published: March 2019

When we imagine objects or events, we often engage in multisensory mental imagery. Yet, investigations of mental imagery have typically focused on only one sensory modality — vision. One reason for this is that the most common tool for the measurement of imagery, the questionnaire, has been restricted to unimodal ratings of the object. We present a new mental imagery questionnaire that measures multisensory imagery. Specifically, the newly developed Vividness of Wine Imagery Questionnaire (VWIQ) measures mental imagery of wine in the visual, olfactory, and gustatory modalities. Wine is an ideal domain to explore multisensory imagery because wine drinking is a multisensory experience, it involves the neglected chemical senses (smell and taste), and provides the opportunity to explore the effect of experience and expertise on imagery (from wine novices to experts). The VWIQ questionnaire showed high internal consistency and reliability, and correlated with other validated measures of imagery. Overall, the VWIQ may serve as a useful tool to explore mental imagery for researchers, as well as individuals in the wine industry during sommelier training and evaluation of wine professionals.
China and the UNCLOS: Practices and Policies
Authors: Ma Xinmin
Published: March 2019

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS or the Convention) is one of the most important accomplishments in the development of international law in the twentieth century. As a comprehensive compilation of the modern law of the sea, the UNCLOS not only codifies numerous customary rules of law of the sea, but also progressively develops the treaty rules of law of the sea. Especially the three bodies established by the UNCLOS, namely the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), have played an important role in facilitating the implementation of the UNCLOS and promoting stability and development of the international marine order. As a member of the big family of the States Parties to the UNCLOS, China has been faithfully fulfilling the obligations of the UNCLOS, fully engaged in the work of the three bodies and actively contributing its solutions and wisdom. In the process of implementing the UNCLOS, China has formed its own practices and policies.
The Categorization of Dou (都) in Chinese: A Study from a Cross-linguistic Perspective
Authors: Ying Zhang
Published: March 2019

Compared with prototypical universal quantifiers in other languages of the world, dou in Mandarin Chinese presents more complicated semantic behaviors. One of the most disputed issues is what are the relations between dou expressing “universal quantification” (uq) and dou expressing “scalar trigger” (sca). First-hand data that comes from 40 languages demonstrates that Mandarin Chinese is the only language that employs the same form for “universal quantification” and “scalar trigger”. The empirical evidence strongly suggests that uq
dou and sca
dou are different, and the two functions uq and sca lack universal conceptual correlations. The special polysemous behavior of Mandarin dou, is proved to come from two language-specific reanalysis processes in dou’s diachronic development which also supports the two-dou claim. The study thus instantiates how a cross-linguistic perspective provides insights to explain long-standing language-particular issues. Besides, it is also argued that the cross-linguistic approach is promising in predicting if a future research is on a right track as it can steer us through overgeneralization and undergeneralization.
The Diversity and Multilayered-ness of Derivational Morphology in Chinese
Authors: Yang Hsiu-fang
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes the following points: (1) Apart from changing word classes—a function much discussed in the literature—derivational morphology in Chinese may have been used to distinguish phrasal differences on a level below sentence structure, such as the distinction between direct vs. indirect objects, adjectival vs. adverbial modifiers, as well as various types of causative constructions. (2) As a grammatical domain of morphology and on account of the differing perspectives related to it, “cognition” leads to the development of inward/outward, downward/upward, exocentric/endocentric, inchoative/non-inchoative and similar distinctions. (3) While many cases of derivational morphology display contrasts of meaning by means of phonetic alternations, the reverse type of displaying contrasts in meaning not through phonetic contrasts (i.e. by zero-contrasts as a means of derivation) also exists. (4) At different historical stages or in areal varieties, Chinese has used derivational morphology to mark parts of speech or specific meanings. (1) to (3) above reflect the diversified nature of the derivational morphology in Chinese, while (4) reflects its multilayered-ness.
Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)
Authors: ÀNGEL JOAN J. SOTO , CANTERO ÁLVARO L. PEÑA
Published: March 2019

Hydrozoans are a conspicuous component of Antarctic benthic communitites. Recent taxonomic effort has led to a substantial increase in knowledge on the diversity of benthic hydroids from some areas of the Southern Ocean, including the Weddell Sea, the largest sea in the Antarctic region. However, the study of many hydrozoan taxa are still pending, and the diversity in this huge region is expected to be higher than currently known. In order to contribute to the knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of these cnidarians, a study of unpublished material collected by several German Antarctic expeditions aboard the RV Polarstern in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea has been conducted. A total of 77 species belonging to 22 families and 28 genera of benthic hydroids have been inventoried, constituting the most prolific collection hitherto analyzed. Most species (81%) belong to Leptothecata, but the observed share of Anthoathecata (19%) is higher than in previous Antarctic hydrozoan studies. Symplectoscyphidae was the most speciose family with 16 representatives (22%), followed by Haleciidae with 10 (14%) and Staurothecidae with 8 (11%). The number of species known in the area was increased with 27 new records, including several species rarely documented. As a result, the Weddell Sea becomes the second Antarctic region in terms of hydrozoan diversity, with 89 species known to date. Novel data on the use of substrate, reproductive phenology, and bathymetric range are provided for the inventoried species.
Subsampling Impact on the Climate Change Signal over Poland Based on Simulations from Statistical and Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Mezghani Abdelkader , Dobler Andreas , Benestad Rasmus , Haugen Jan Erik , Parding Kajsa M. , Piniewski Mikolaj , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W.
Published: March 2019

Most impact studies using downscaled climate data as input assume that the selection of few global climate models (GCMs) representing the largest spread covers the likely range of future changes. This study shows that including more GCMs can result in a very different behavior. We tested the influence of selecting various subsets of GCMs on the climate change signal over Poland from simulations based on dynamical and empirical–statistical downscaling methods. When the climate variable is well simulated by the GCM, such as temperature, results showed that both downscaling methods agree on a warming over Poland by up to 2° or 5°C assuming intermediate or high emission scenarios, respectively, by 2071–2100. As a less robust simulated signal through GCMs, precipitation is expected to increase by up to 10% by 2071–2100 assuming the intermediate emission scenario. However, these changes are uncertain when the high emission scenario and the end of the twenty-first century are of interest. Further, an additional bootstrap test revealed an underestimation in the warming rate varying from 0.5° to more than 4°C over Poland that was found to be largely influenced by the selection of few driving GCMs instead of considering the full range of possible climate model outlooks. Furthermore, we found that differences between various combinations of small subsets from the GCM ensemble of opportunities can be as large as the climate change signal.
Submesoscale Vortical Wakes in the Lee of Topography
Authors: Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C. , Molemaker M. Jeroen , Barkan Roy
Published: March 2019

An idealized framework of steady barotropic flow past an isolated seamount in a background of constant stratification (with frequency N) and rotation (with Coriolis parameter f) is used to examine the formation, separation, instability of the turbulent bottom boundary layers (BBLs), and ultimately, the genesis of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) in the ocean interior. The BBLs generate vertical vorticity ζ and potential vorticity q on slopes; the flow separates and spawns shear layers; barotropic and centrifugal shear instabilities form submesoscale vortical filaments and induce a high rate of local energy dissipation; the filaments organize into vortices that then horizontally merge and vertically align to form SCVs. These SCVs have O(1) Rossby numbers () and horizontal and vertical scales that are much larger than those of the separated shear layers and associated vortical filaments. Although the upstream flow is barotropic, downstream baroclinicity manifests in the wake, depending on the value of the nondimensional height , which is the ratio of the seamount height to that of the Taylor height , where L is the seamount half-width. When , SCVs span the vertical extent of the seamount itself. However, for , there is greater range of variation in the sizes of the SCVs in the wake, reflecting the wake baroclinicity caused by the topographic interaction. The aspect ratio of the wake SCVs has the scaling , instead of the quasigeostrophic scaling .
The Rise of the Platform Business Model and the Transformation of Twenty-First-Century Capitalism
Authors: Rahman K. Sabeel , Thelen Kathleen
Published: March 2019

This article explores the changing nature of twenty-first-century capitalism with an emphasis on illuminating the political coalitions and institutional conditions that support and sustain it. Most of the existing literature attributes the changing nature of the firm to developments in markets and technology. By contrast, this article emphasizes the political forces that have driven the transformation of the twentieth-century consolidated firm through the firm as a “network of contracts” and toward the platform firm. Moreover, situating the United States in a comparative perspective highlights the distinctive ways US political-economic institutions have facilitated that transformation and exacerbated the associated inequalities.
Perinatal transmission of dengue infection in a preterm neonate: a case report
Authors: Jain Jenisha , V Lakshmi , R Shanmughsundaram
Published: March 2019

Dengue infection during pregnancy carries the risk of vertical transmission to the fetus and newborn. This is higher if the infection occurs late in pregnancy and the mother delivers at the height of viremia. In such a scenario, both mother and neonate are at risk of life-threatening complications. We present an interesting case of dengue infection in a preterm neonate managed at our unit.
Retreating to the History of Judicial Review?
Authors: Aronson Mark
Published: March 2019

Less than a decade ago, the High Court said, in effect, that State Supreme Courts have substantially the same entrenched jurisdiction to issue relief in the nature of the prerogative writs as the Constitution confers on the High Court. The New South Wales Court of Appeal reads this narrowly, holding that only three specific remedies are protected, together with the rules and limitations that existed at federation. If correct, we might see the emergence of two bodies of doctrine, the old law of remedies and the new law of ‘judicial review’ (a concept that emerged only after federation). In an unrelated case, six High Court judges implied a limited privative clause ousting non-jurisdictional certiorari. The seventh judge said that this was unnecessary, because in his view, that branch of certiorari conflicts with judicial review fundamentals, is historically misconceived, and should apply only where the reviewing court can try the matter afresh. This article reviews these developments, discusses their rationales and questions both the history and its importance.
Feeling the Vibrations: On the Micropolitics of Climate Change
Authors: Erev Stephanie
Published: March 2019

Climate change is more than a discrete issue demanding political attention and response. A changing climate permeates political life as material processes of planetary change reverberate in our bodies, affecting subterranean processes of attention and evoking bodily responses at and below the register of awareness. By way of example, I explore the register of bodily feeling to raise the possibility that proliferating anomalies in atmospheric, oceanic, and seismic activities are entering into subliminal experiences of time and confounding embodied expectations of how the future is likely to flow from the past. The essay concludes with a preliminary discussion of how micropolitical strategies to amplify visceral experiences of climatic changes might valuably contribute to larger programs for climate action.
The Impact of Living Alone and Intergenerational Support on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Americans: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Pei Yaolin , Cong Zhen , Wu Bei
Published: March 2019

The study examined gender differences in the impact of living alone and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among Mexican American older adults. The sample included 335 parent–adult child pairs which are nested within 92 Mexican American respondents, because each respondent reported their specific relationships with each child. Clustered regression analysis showed gender differences in the impact of living alone and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among Mexican American older adults. In general, older men provided and received less intergenerational support than older women, but their depressive symptoms were more susceptible to living alone and different types of intergenerational support. Factors such as living alone, receiving instrumental support were associated with more depressive symptoms in older men than inolder women, whereas older men benefited more from the emotional closeness with children than older women. The findings highlight the need for a gender-specific approach to future research on this topic.
Collective Forgetting in a Changing Organization: When memories become unusable and uprooted
Authors: Foroughi Hamid , Al-Amoudi Ismael
Published: March 2019

How is collective remembering inhibited by organizational changes which were not intended to manipulate it? And how does collective forgetting affect workers’ power and sense of identity? We rely on an ethnographic study of a charitable organization that went through recent organizational changes to study two processes constitutive of collective forgetting. The first process consists in the past becoming unusable because once-useful memories lost their practical usefulness for participants’ new activities. The second process consists in the past becoming uprooted because the social relations through which memories used to be shared had changed beyond recognition. Our findings provide insights into the organizational processes through which memories cease to circulate. They also help understand the complex relations between memory, power relations and participants’ sense of identity.
Department Environment and Work-to-Life Conflict Among Faculty in the STEM Fields
Authors: Minnotte Krista Lynn , Pedersen Daphne E.
Published: March 2019

Identifying factors contributing to work-to-life conflict among STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) faculty members is crucial to improving how STEM faculty manage multiple roles. This study examines how both positive (psychological safety) and negative (perceived injustice) features of the departmental environment predict work-to-life conflict among STEM faculty. We also consider whether gender moderates how each facet of the departmental environment relates to work-to-life conflict. Data are from STEM faculty at a midsized university located in the Upper Midwest ( N = 114 faculty members). The findings indicated that both psychological safety and perceived injustice were significantly associated with the dependent variable. We found no evidence of gender moderating these relationships. Altogether, the results suggest that institutional efforts to reduce work-to-life conflict should consider both the positive and the negative facets of the STEM departmental environment and target men and women faculty alike.
Biodegradability and Safety Study of LifeMesh™, a Novel Self-adhesive Mesh, in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Kronfeld Noam , Steiner Michal , Klaiman Guy , Hadid Amir , Sudak Michal , Nyska Abraham
Published: March 2019

Self-adhesive meshes are being developed to avoid complications due to traumatic fixation methods. LifeMesh™ is a novel self-adhesive mesh with a biodegradable gelatin adhesive layer developed for hernia repair. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and biodegradability of LifeMesh in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 6 weeks, in comparison to a bare polypropylene (BPP) mesh fixed with sutures. LifeMesh was tolerated well and its implantation did not result in any adverse local reaction, and its adhesive layer was substantially degraded after 4 weeks. Histopathological examination revealed that the presence of the adhesive contributed to a uniform thickness of the granulation tissue surrounding the mesh, in contrast to a nonuniform granulation tissue with BPP. Nonuniform granulation tissue suggests that there will be poorer integration of the mesh to the abdominal wall. The use of LifeMesh also resulted in less adhesions of internal organs with a smaller surface area of involvement. These findings lend support to the potential benefit of LifeMesh for hernia repair in humans and expand the available information on the typical histopathological findings expected with biodegradable implants in the peritoneal cavity of SD rats.
Do radiologists detect chronic thromboembolic disease on computed tomography?
Authors: Rogberg Anna Nordgren , Gopalan Deepa , Westerlund Eli , Lindholm Peter
Published: March 2019

Background

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a complication of acute pulmonary embolism, is a potentially curable form of pulmonary hypertension (PH). CTEPH is under-diagnosed for a number of reasons leading to delayed referral or missed diagnosis; however, the frequency of misdiagnosis of CTEPH findings on computed tomography (CT) is currently unknown.

Purpose

To evaluate the extent of misdiagnosis of CTEPH on CT.

Material and Methods

We studied the original CT reports from 35 patients with confirmed CTEPH diagnosis referred to a specialist center for pulmonary endarterectomy during 2011–2016. The patients’ CT reports were assessed according to a standardized form and compared to a consensus reading by two expert radiologists.

Results

The expert reading identified all CTEPH cases. However, in the original reports, the terminology “CTEPH” was only used in two patients. Another seven descriptive reports picked up the combination of PH and vascular signs of CTEPH without making a definitive diagnosis. Taking these nine cases as positive for CTEPH, the overall sensitivity on a diagnostic level was 26%. Pulmonary arterial abnormalities were described in isolation in 63% with no mention of PH or CTEPH. Signs of PH and mosaic attenuation were documented in 53% and 6% of the original reports, respectively, where it could be seen on the CT examination.

Conclusion

The study shows that radiologists frequently miss CTEPH findings, leading to a falsely low sensitivity for CT. There was also a notable discrepancy in how the findings were presented in radiology reports.
Intra-procedural bronchial artery embolization planning: the usefulness of cone-beam CT
Authors: Grosse Ulrich , Grözinger Gerd , Syha Roland , Ketelsen Dominik , Partovi Sasan , Nikolaou Konstantin , Hoffmann Rüdiger
Published: March 2019

Background

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) can be a challenging intervention due to variations of the vascular anatomy.

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for BAE in patients with hemoptysis and indefinite bronchial artery (BA) anatomy on pre-interventional CT imaging.

Material and Methods

From November 2016 to July 2017, 17 patients (mean age = 64.3 ± 14.7 years) with hemoptysis underwent BAE including pre-interventional CT, aortography, and CBCT during the procedure. CBCT, angiography, and CT were independently evaluated by readers A and B (with one and three years of experience in interventional radiology) with regard to number and origin of detected BA, image quality, and diagnostic confidence for BA detection (using a Likert scale). Consensus reading by two experienced interventional radiologists served as gold standard (GS). Seventeen consecutive patients who underwent BAE before the installation of the CBCT in October 2016 served as control group. Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were conducted.

Results

Both readers showed a statistically significant increase in diagnostic confidence for CBCT compared to pre-procedural CT (A: P = 0.003; B: P = 0.03) and for CBCT compared to aortography (A+B: P < 0.001). Correlation coefficient between GS and CBCT regarding the number of detected BA was: r = 0.855 (A), r = 0.877 (B); GS and CT: r = 0.250 (A), r = 0.317 (B); GS and aortography: r = 0.290 (A); r = 0.429 (B). Time to BA catheterization was 32.6 ± 12.5 min (control group 38.5 ± 24.6 min; P = 0.72). Significantly less angiographic series were acquired until BA catheterization after CBCT (1.3 ± 0.7; control group: 3.6 ± 2.9; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

CBCT supports the assessment of the BA anatomy during BAE in patients with hemoptysis.
Renal function, complications, and outcomes of a reduction in tumor size after transarterial embolization for renal angiomyolipomas: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Letao , Li Xinfei , Guan Haitao , Wang Jian , Tong Xiaoqiang , Yang Min , Zou Yinghua
Published: March 2019

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate renal function, complications, and changes in tumor size after transarterial embolization for patients with renal angiomyolipomas.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis of transarterial embolization in patients with renal angiomyolipomas from January 1994 to April 2018. Endpoints of interest were the estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen levels, complications, and reduction of tumors.

Results

A total of 30 studies comprising 653 patients were included. A total of 32.0% of patients were treated by urgent transarterial embolization for spontaneous ruptured renal angiomyolipomas. Other patients sought to relieve symptoms or received embolism prophylactically. The estimated glomerular filtration rate showed no significant difference between before and after embolization. In 363 patients with data on complications, post-embolization syndrome occurred most frequently (54.0%). Only 16 (4.4%) patients had major complications. The diameter of sporadic angiomyolipomas was reduced by a mean of 2.09 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–3.45 cm; I2 = 29.3%) and they were reduced in size by 30.0% (95% CI, 16.0%–44.0%; I2 = 27.9%).

Conclusions

Transarterial embolization of renal angiomyolipomas affects renal function preservation, with a low complication rate. Transarterial embolization is useful for sporadic and tuberous sclerosis complex-related angiomyolipomas.
Tuberculous pericarditis mimicking multiple tumors in pericardial effusion
Authors: Li Caie , Zhao Qiming , Wu Xiangyang , Yu Jing
Published: March 2019

Tuberculosis is still the leading cause of pericardial disease in developing nations. A definite diagnosis of tuberculosis is usually relatively difficult, especially when its manifestations are not typical. We report a 19-year-old man who presented with chest obstruction, shortness of breath, edema of the lower extremities, and mild fever for 14 days. The manifestations of tuberculosis pneumonia were not typical, except for a small high-density shadow in the left upper lung field near the pleura, with a small amount of pleural effusion on chest computed tomography. The tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain of sputum and pericardial effusion, and bacterial culture showed negative results. Echocardiography showed three free-floating irregular masses in a large amount of pericardial effusion. The masses and exudates were removed by pericardiectomy. The masses were composed of hyperplastic granulation tissue and dead tissue without a normal architecture, mixed with numerous caseous substances, which confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis. This is a unique report of a patient who presented with tuberculous pericarditis with multiple solid masses in a large amount of pericardial effusion, without typical clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.
Role of Gender in the Ridership of Public Transport Routes Involving Transfers
Authors: Chowdhury Subeh
Published: March 2019

Globally, transport authorities are investing to improve the quality of public transport (PT) services by developing integrated networks. The success of these networks relies on multimodal transfers. However, making a transfer means more time will be spent outside the vehicle compared with a direct route, and for women, this means being exposed to the urban environment of stations for longer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role gender plays in people’s decisions to make transfers, in order to develop integrated systems that are equitable. A survey was undertaken in three major cities in New Zealand. A total of 2,173 people, car drivers, and PT users participated. Results show that women drivers are 30% more likely than men to make a transfer, given time savings. Waiting time is the most influential factor and has a greater effect on women’s decisions to make transfers. The factor “perceived safety at stations” was only significant for female riders. With the presence of security guards, female car drivers were three times more likely to ride a route with transfer, compared with males who were two times more likely. Women, car drivers, and PT users were slightly more likely to make a transfer given good quality information and covered walkways. It is expected that these results will provide practitioners with some guidance when designing transfers for an integrated system. The limitations women face during their travels can be alleviated by implementing a PT system that is designed to meet their needs more closely.
Detection of Ships at Mooring Dolphins with Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Waterbolk Maurits , Tump Jasper , Klaver Rianne , van der Woude Rosalie , Velleman Daniel , Zuidema Joost , Koch Thomas , Dugundji Elenna
Published: March 2019

IJpalen near the lock in IJmuiden are of great economic value to the Port of Amsterdam. These mooring dolphins have to endure a considerable amount of kinetic forces which can have an impact on the condition of the dolphins. These forces are created by either mooring or already moored ships. Any irregularities taking place at the IJpalen can have disastrous results unless timely addressed. The Port of Amsterdam has attached sensors to the poles and the plates, which measure changes in the dimensions regarding the dolphins. This report explores whether combining sensor data from the IJpalen and automatic identification system (AIS) data can produce beneficial insights into the dolphins’ states. We have used the sensor dataset to build a hidden Markov model (HMM) which predicts whether a ship is moored. We evaluated these results using the AIS data, in which can be discovered when a ship was moored at the IJpalen, producing remarkable results. We analyzed the sensor values using descriptive statistics to discover the normal and problem values. This research has obtained the following findings. First, descriptive statistics indicate a normal value range for the sensor values. Whenever a value out of this range is observed, it could be a problem case. Finally, it is possible to detect whether a ship is moored in the sensor data. An HMM on the z-angle of the plate of the east dolphin produces the best prediction, i.e., the highest accuracy of 90.2% according to the evaluation method, of a moored ship at the IJpalen.
Chatbots and Conversational Agents in Mental Health: A Review of the Psychiatric Landscape
Authors: Vaidyam Aditya Nrusimha , Wisniewski Hannah , Halamka John David , Kashavan Matcheri S. , Torous John Blake
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The aim of this review was to explore the current evidence for conversational agents or chatbots in the field of psychiatry and their role in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses.

Methods:

A systematic literature search in June 2018 was conducted in PubMed, EmBase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. Studies were included that involved a chatbot in a mental health setting focusing on populations with or at high risk of developing depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar, and substance abuse disorders.

Results:

From the selected databases, 1466 records were retrieved and 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two additional studies were included from reference list screening for a total of 10 included studies. Overall, potential for conversational agents in psychiatric use was reported to be high across all studies. In particular, conversational agents showed potential for benefit in psychoeducation and self-adherence. In addition, satisfaction rating of chatbots was high across all studies, suggesting that they would be an effective and enjoyable tool in psychiatric treatment.

Conclusion:

Preliminary evidence for psychiatric use of chatbots is favourable. However, given the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies, further research with standardized outcomes reporting is required to more thoroughly examine the effectiveness of conversational agents. Regardless, early evidence shows that with the proper approach and research, the mental health field could use conversational agents in psychiatric treatment.
Do political theorists have friends? Towards a redefinition of political friendship
Authors: Blatterer Harry
Published: March 2019

This article suggests a sensitising definition of political friendship with the view of using the concept in empirical research. I begin by identifying three tendencies in the recent literature on political friendship: (1) the tendency to ignore historical developments that rendered modern friendship an intimate relationship; (2) the construction of modern friendship as hermetically sealed in the private sphere; and (3) the conceptual conflation of relationship types. Consequently, friendship is emptied of substantive relational content, while political ‘friendship’ is promoted from metaphor to denotative concept. I critique that approach by drawing on Maria Márkus’s account of friendship, which emphasises its historically contingent, ambiguous position between the private and the public spheres whence friendship offers vital utopian potentials in respect of public life: friendship instantiates mutual self-determination and gives experiential substance to ‘decency’. Combining Márkus’s with a differentiating approach to friendship that takes its lead from Siegfried Kracauer, I go on to propose a preliminary redefinition of political friendship as a personal relationship, as well as the substitution of political friendship by democratic solidarity with ‘decency’ its guiding orientation.
Current Practice of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Mild Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Saw Chia L. , Rakshasbhuvankar Abhijeet , Rao Shripada , Bulsara M , Patole Sanjay
Published: March 2019

Context:

Therapeutic hypothermia is the recommended treatment for neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). There is an increasing trend to use therapeutic hypothermia even in infants with mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, even though there is little evidence to support/refute this.

Objective:

To estimate the incidences of mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy among infants who received therapeutic hypothermia, and its short- and long-term outcomes.

Data Sources and Study Selection:

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane library were searched to identify observational studies reporting on therapeutic hypothermia in term and near-term infants with mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to find out the percentage of cooled infants who had only mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Results:

A total of 3590 citations were screened, of which 13 were included. Of the 2783 infants who received therapeutic hypothermia, 573 had mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Meta-analysis found that 22% of the infants who underwent therapeutic hypothermia had only mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (95% confidence interval: 16%-27%; I2 statistic = 90.5%). Five studies provided information on adverse effects of therapeutic hypothermia in mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The reported adverse effects were extreme hypothermia, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, sepsis, skin necrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and systemic hypotension. Limitation: The limitations included relatively small sample size and the lack of data for short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of infants who received therapeutic hypothermia had mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Randomized trials are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic hypothermia in infants with mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Political Differences in American Reports of Sexual Harassment and Assault
Authors: Jose Rupa , Fowler James H. , Raj Anita
Published: March 2019

Political ideology has been linked to beliefs regarding sexual harassment and assault (SH&A). Using data from the January 2018 Stop Street Sexual Harassment online poll ( N = 2,009), this study examined associations of political identity and political ideology with self-reported experiences of being the victim of SH&A. SH&A experiences were coded into four mutually exclusive groups: none, non-physically aggressive harassment, physically aggressive harassment, or sexual assault. Sex-stratified logistic regression models assessed associations of interest, adjusting for participant demographics. Among women, more conservative political ideology was negatively associated with reports of sexual assault, odds ratio ( OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval ( CI) = [0.74, 0.98]. Among males, more conservative political ideology was negatively associated with reports of physically aggressive sexual harassment ( OR = 0.85, 95% CI = [0.73, 0.98]), and greater Republican affiliation was negatively associated with reports of sexual assault ( OR = 0.82, 95% CI = [0.68, 0.99]). Conservative and Republican women and men are thus less likely to report more severe forms of SH&A, which may explain differences in beliefs on these issues. Research is needed to determine if political differences are due to reporting biases or differential vulnerabilities.
Risk Factors for Sexual Violence Among College Students in Dating Relationships: An Ecological Approach
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Shristi , Maness Sarah B. , Cheney Marshall , Larson Daniel
Published: March 2019

College students in dating relationships are vulnerable to sexual violence given that nine out of 10 acts of sexual violence are perpetrated by acquaintances, friends, or dating partners. Although past research has explored the risk factors for sexual violence, few studies have considered multileveled factors associated with sexual violence. This study uses the ecological model to investigate the risk factors for sexual violence among college students in dating relationships. Domains of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels were examined for their associations with sexual victimization. A prevalidated survey was conducted among 361 undergraduates in dating relationships from a public university in the south central United States. Chi-square tests and negative binomial regression analysis were conducted. Approximately 35% of the college students reported experiencing some form of sexual violence perpetrated by their dating partner including attempted and completed rapes. College women reported having experienced significantly higher rates of sexual violence in comparison with college men. On the contrary, this study documents the significant higher prevalence of sexual violence among heterosexual students than among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer college students for experiencing at least one type of sexual violence or unwanted sexual contacts in a dating relationship. Sexual victimization is associated with gender, sexual assertiveness, the frequency of hookups, peer deviance, parental involvement, and perceived discrimination. Participants’ gender, frequent hookups, and lower sexual assertiveness are positively associated with risk of sexual victimization across all types of sexual violence. Multilevel prevention programs and strategies are needed on campuses to reduce sexual victimization among college students in dating relationships.
Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Soviet and Post-Soviet Ukraine and Belarus: Public Debates and Historiography
Authors: Baranova Olga
Published: March 2019

This article belongs to a forthcoming special section, ‘Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s’ guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe.

This article investigates how the Holocaust was recollected, presented, and interpreted in Ukraine and Belarus during the Soviet era. It further examines the changes that have taken place in the representation of the Holocaust in Ukraine and Belarus in the post-communist period. First, the article aims to explain the ideological reasons why the Jewish origin of many Nazi victims was largely played down or ignored in the Soviet historiography. Second, it investigates the new political dynamics in independent post-communist Ukraine and Belarus that have influenced public discourse and historiographical reflections on various issues of the Second World War, including the persecution of the Jews. As well as historiography, the article investigates the developments that have taken place in contemporary Ukraine and Belarus regarding commemorative practices, monuments, museum exhibitions, and education initiatives to honor the victims of the Holocaust and to promote knowledge about this event.
Jan Riordan: An Oral History
Authors: Eden Aimee R.
Published: March 2019

While conducting my dissertation research on the professionalization of breastfeeding support, I identified key “founders” of lactation consulting. I focused on the people involved in the formation of the International Board Certified Lactation Consultant, as certified by the International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners and represented by the International Lactation Consultant Association. Jan Riordan was at the top of my list. As the editor and co-author of the first text on breastfeeding and human lactation for non-physicians, Dr. Riordan shaped the professional body of knowledge for International Board Certified Lactation Consultants and others providing clinical breastfeeding support. She was a La Leche League leader and founding member of the Kansas La Leche League International Chapter, served on the first International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners Board of Directors, and served on the first editorial review board of the Journal of Human Lactation. She was a professor of nursing at Wichita State University for 23 years. I met her at an International Lactation Consultant Association conference in San Antonio, Texas in 2010, just after she had retired from Wichita State, and I interviewed her by phone on August 10, 2010. This is from a taped interview. (AE = Aimee Eden’s initials; JR = Jan Riordan’s initials). The University of South Florida IRB approved the full study.
Risk Factors for Delayed Onset of Lactogenesis II Among Primiparous Mothers from a Brazilian Baby-Friendly Hospital
Authors: Rocha Beatriz de Oliveira , Machado Marcia Penido , Bastos Livia Lima , Barbosa Silva Livia , Santos Ana Paula , Santos Luana Caroline , Ferrarez Bouzada Maria Candida
Published: March 2019

Background:

Low milk supply is frequently reported as a reason for exclusive breastfeeding cessation.

Research aims:

To determine the occurrence of, and the risk factors associated with, delayed onset of lactogenesis II among primiparas seen at a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Brazil.

Method:

We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study of 224 primiparas who had a singleton delivery. Data were first collected at the hospital. We assessed the onset of lactogenesis on day four postpartum, based on maternal reports of changes in breast fullness. Breastfeeding practices and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were evaluated on day seven postpartum. Using Poisson regression, we assessed significant factors associated with delayed onset of lactogenesis II.

Results:

Delayed lactogenesis II occurred in 18.8% ( n = 42) of participants and was significantly associated with alcohol drinking during pregnancy (IRR = 2.710, 95% CI [1.469, 4.996]); Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥ 10 (IRR = 2.092, 95% CI [1.118, 3.916]), and the age of the mother (IRR: 1.081, 95% CI [1.039, 1.125]).

Conclusion:

Postpartum depression and alcohol ingestion during pregnancy may be associated with lactogenesis II delay, but more research is needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships. Older mothers are at risk of delayed lactogenesis II onset. The frequency of delayed lactogenesis in this population is similar to the rates seen in previous Latin America studies and much lower than the ranges seen in North America, possibly because of the low proportion of obesity and severe gestational diabetes in this sample.