bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Govind Kelkar, Dev Nathan and Pierre Walter (eds.) Gender Relations in Forest Societies in Asia: Patriarchy at Odds. New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications, 2003. Hardbound. Indian Rs 550.00.
Authors: Rashida Haq
Published: August 2018

Gender refers to the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity and in which these transformed needs are satisfied, whereas gender relations are the ways in which a culture or society defines rights, responsibilities and the identities of men and women in relation to one another. Gender relations are complex, dynamic and socially embedded having many interlocked dimensions.
Govinda Chandra Rath Tribal Development in India: The Contemporary Debate. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 2006. 340 Pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 450.00.
Authors: Naghmana Ghani
Published: August 2018

The word ‘Tribe’ denotes a group of people living in primitive or barbarous conditions. It is a social group with territorial affiliation, endogamous with no specialisation of functions. They have a headman or a chief who controls the activities of that group. Tribals have several sub-groups all of them together known as ‘Tribal Society’. It is really difficult to say whether they are Indigenous or not but they are the earliest settlers of India. They were inhabitants of forests since prehistory and even now some of these groups follow the same trends and live in forests. Tribals constitute around 8.08 percent of the total Indian population, and of the total tribal population around 80 percent are found in Central India.
Shorter Notices
Authors: Naghmana Ghani
Published: August 2018

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Determinants of Farm Revenue in Pakistan
Authors: Gustavo Anriquez
Published: August 2018

Will small farm viability decline with the reduction of average farm size in Pakistan? This paper addresses the determinants of rural household and farm-related income. Using the 2001 PIDE Household Survey, the approach developed captures the potential interactions between farm returns and household, farm, and factor market characteristics (schooling, family size, land tenure and operational size, access to water, credit, and capital). Econometric results show: (a) returns to additional schooling and the revenue elasticity of operated acres increase with farm size; (b) medium and large farm renters would be willing to pay more than observed rents, implying an incentive to increase farm size at the prevailing rental values; (c) owneroperated farms, landowners who also leases in, and fixed rental tenants earn higher revenues than sharecropping tenants. The difference, however, between landowner/fix-renter income and sharecropper income varies with family and farm size, as well as water use. While these results favour farm size increase, the results also show that off-farm and non-farm income sources are relatively more important for small farmers, contributing to their viability. JEL classification: D13, Q12, Q15 Keywords: Pakistan, Land Markets, Rural Factor Markets, Revenue Function
Translating Khan on Singer: Global Solvent Versus Local Interpretation
Authors: Iihan Can Ozen
Published: August 2018

This work focuses on Peter Singer’s book, One World: The Ethics of Globalisation, and a reading of it recently presented by M. Ali Khan. Khan’s response to Singer is acutely critical, but ultimately fails to situate Singer’s offering in its proper historical context. In this sense, Khan’s response is not sufficient. We demonstrate that Singer’s offering is permeated by a universalising discourse marked by asymmetric power relations clearly described by Edward Said in Orientalism and, more surprisingly, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in The Possessed. We illustrate how Singer’s narrative and the counter-narrative of Khan represent a continuation of a longer historical disputation between the West and the East. JEL classifications: J7, B31 Keywords: Orientalism, Globalisation, Economy, Language, Translation, Communication, Domination, Dialogue, Local, Global, Community ...It is a sign of the decay of nations when they begin to have gods in common. —Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1872)1 ...Political imperialism governs an entire field of study, imagination, and scholarly institutions—in such a way as to make its avoidance an intellectual and historical impossibility. —Edward Said (1979)2
Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow/Haper Collins. 2005. xii+242 pages. Paperback. $17.00.
Authors: Mir Annice Mahmood
Published: August 2018

One should give full marks to the authors for coming up with a most unusual title for a book on economics—a title that grabs one’s attention. The book was most popular having reached the Number Two rank on the New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction. It consists of a number of articles (six to be precise) authored by Levitt and addressed to a largely lay audience. Although Levitt would like to see himself as a “rogue economist”, in this book he does apply “the basic microeconomic theory of rational utility-maximisation” to subjects that would not be covered in standard economic textbooks. In that sense, his rogue economist’s status becomes doubtful. This apart, the book makes for some interesting reading. Chapter 1 examines the issue of cheating. One would think that students taking their examinations normally cheat. This chapter introduces the notion that teachers also cheat, if the incentives are right. So do Sumo Wrestlers, as Levitt uses statistical analyses to prove how this is done. So one should not be too surprised when people cheat. Morality has no role to play in the decision to cheat.
Intra-ECO Trade: A Potential Region for Pakistan’s Future Trade
Authors: Jahangir Khan Achakzai
Published: August 2018

A standard gravity model was applied to estimate the magnitude of potential trade flows between Pakistan and the nine ECO member countries. The major issue in this analysis is to explore that Intra- ECO trade has great potential for Pakistan and that it got lower share than its potential. The results from the gravity model confirm that ECO has a positive and significant impact on intra-regional trade. It suggests that intra-regional trade is lower than what would be predicted by the gravity equation, suggesting greater scope for regional integration among the ECO member countries. This is especially the case between countries that have a common geographical border. The privilege of geography and the existence of trade preferences among ECO members could be expanded to cover potential trade to neighboring countries.
Pakistani Viewpoint - Shahid Malik High Commissioner of Pakistan in India
Authors: Shahid Malik
Published: August 2018

President PHD Chamber, Mr Sanjay Bhatia, Distinguished Members of the Chamber, Ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me immense pleasure to be amongst you once again, after nearly a decade. Having served on an assignment in Delhi in the past, the PHD Chamber and many of your senior members present here today are well known to me. Given the geographical contiguity of this area with Pakistan and a history of economic linkages, the interest of the Chamber in seeking mutually beneficial economic relations with Pakistan is well known and understandable. Only last month, a delegation headed by Mr Bhatia, with past PHD Presidents as its members, undertook a tour of EXPO-2007 to Karachi. As on various occasions in the past, the Chamber also hosted a high level delegation from the Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry recently. Such contacts are useful and need to be encouraged.
Japan’s ODA to Pakistan and Aid Coordination Beyond Aid Modalities
Authors: Seiji Kojima
Published: August 2018

Before the Pakistan Development Forum (PDF) takes place in April this year, we decided to organise this seminar today. There are several reason for doing this. First, 9/11 in 2001, Pakistan as a partner for Japan’s ODA has changed in a substantial way. Second, in 2005 Japan resumed its new commitments on yen loans, and it would be appropriate to review our ODA policy to Pakistan before our yen loan operation is put back in full swing. Third, Japan’s ODA to Pakistan has mainly been delivered through projects. Facing the growing criticism against the project approach, it would be our responsibility as a major donor to review the effectiveness of our main aid modality. Fourth, aid coordination in Pakistan has entered into a new era after Pakistan and donors including Japan joined in the adoption of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness in March 2005.
Corrupt Clubs and the Convergence Hypothesis
Authors: Naved Ahmad
Published: August 2018

Convergence is defined as the decreasing gap of GDP growth rates between leading and lagging countries. This thesis is based on the Veblen’s idea of “Advantages of Backwardness”. It states that a less developed country tends to grow, at a rate which is inversely proportional to its initial GDP per capita; that is, faster than more advanced countries. There are several reasons for this convergence across different countries. First, there is a scope for poor nations to absorb existing technology and to catch up advanced countries if the gap between country’s technologies is larger. Second, the development process is often characterised by a shift of resources from low productivity agriculture sector to high productivity industrial sector. The process certainly benefits more the poor nations because the capacity for such shift is more in poor countries than in rich countries.1
Financial Market Integration in Pakistan: Evidence Using Post-1999 Data
Authors: Ahmed M. Khalid
Published: August 2018

The recent wave of financial sector reforms and internationalisation in emerging markets has increased perceived interlinkages within various sectors of national financial markets. For example, the existence of a strong linkage between stock prices and exchange rates is a popular topic in academic research. Similarly, changes in stock prices and exchange rates are expected to influence movements in interest rates. A number of hypotheses suggest such a causal relationship. For instance, using a goods market approach, any changes in the value of currency would affect the competitiveness of multinational firms and hence influence stock prices [Dornbusch and Fischer (1980)]. Similarly, the hypotheses of ‘exchange rate pass-through’ and ‘interest rate pass-through’ suggest that changes in exchange rates and/or interest rates could affect stock prices. The portfolio balance model suggests that fluctuations in stock prices influence exchange rate changes.
Governance of Money Laundering: An Application of the Principal-agent Model
Authors: Syed Azhar Hussain Shah
Published: August 2018

Money laundering has an element of a bate for one individual and a tool of exploitation for another individual and carries an externality (positive or negative) for the society. Its multifarious nature is analysed in perspective of Principal-Agent-Client Model of Provan and Milward (2001). Model of Network Evaluation by Provan and Milward (2001) is originally used for health and social sector; however this model is extended and applied for governance of money laundering. In this model we evaluate the affectivity of the network of money transaction with the objective function to minimise transaction of money through money laundering by making laws and procedure and get these implemented through agents. As there is involvement of multiple stakeholders, therefore, evaluation of network effectiveness is made at three levels i.e. at community level to analyse: community, the network itself and the network’s organisational participants. These levels are of interest to three major constituents of money transaction network such as principal, agent, and clients.
Public Policy, Training, and Civil Service Reform
Authors: Anjum Khurshid
Published: August 2018

There are very few countries of the world that are satisfied with their public bureaucracies and civil service systems. Civil service reform is being discussed in Africa, Latin America, Europe and North America [Ingraham (1996)].1 There are some that are trying to develop a career civil service and others that are fixing the problems of having a career civil service. There are some that are dealing with legacies of past colonial civil service systems while others that are struggling with identifying the role of civil service in a changing political environment. Whatever the case may be, civil service reforms are a topic of interest around the world. Each nation of the world is faced with the challenge of adjusting its domestic and international policies rather rapidly in response to forces of globalisation and technological change [Skogstad (2000) and Farazmand (1999)].2,3 The role of the civil service in economic development, governance, and public service is vital irrespective of the institutional and structural differences across countries. It is not surprising to see in the table below the number of civil service reform programmes funded by the World Bank in different parts of the world. The number of such programmes has significantly increased from 1980 to 2001.
Sectoral Volatility, Development, and Governance: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Toseef Azid
Published: August 2018

Development of overall economy of any country largely depends upon the characteristics of different prominent sectors such as agriculture, industry, services, etc. Sharp structural change in prominent sectors are experienced by the Pakistan’s economy during the last four decades, in which industrial and service sector have exhibited an extra ordinary rate of growth, while the agricultural sector did not shown that rate of growth which was experienced during the time of green revolution. Due to these structural changes in the prominent sectors volatility of growth rate has been experienced by the economy. To the extent that most of the recent volatility in growth rate of GDP can be attributed to the increasing share of the some volatility of the some prominent sectors, the analysis of their volatility can be useful in providing some enlightenment on the factors behind this phenomenon and its implications for the formulation of the policy in the future.
Convergence Model of Governance: A Case Study of the Local Government System of Pakistan
Authors: Syed Akhter Hussain Shah
Published: August 2018

The future of devolution plan in Pakistan may be analysed in view of our Convergence model. This model views stability of the local Govt. system drawn on Devolution Plan 2001. It claims that as there would be more volatile and non-committed (floating) number of agents in the political market and governance system, there is more probability of divergence; i.e. the system will remain unstable. Contrary to that more is the systematic trend in political market and governance system more is the probability that the convergence in the system occurs and that in turn leads to stability of the over all system. In this ‘Convergence’ Model different types of agents have been highlighted on the basis of their political affiliation and being in competition as ruling elite and/or their allies and non-ruling elite and/or their allies.
Province-wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation
Authors: Muhammad Sabir
Published: August 2018

It is apparent from various labour force surveys that during the past 20 years Pakistan’s employed labour force has become more “educated”. For instance, according to the Labour Force Survey 1982-83, 28 percent of the employed labour force had attained formal education.12 In comparison, the literate employed labour force in 1999- 2000 is estimated at 46 percent, while the formally educated is 43 percent. However, the pattern of growth in educated labour force is not uniform in all four provinces of the country. A closer look at disaggregated provincial level data reflects the disparity in employed labour force in the four provinces: Punjab, Sind, NWFP, and Baluchistan.
Inter-industry Wage Differentials in Pakistan
Authors: Shabbar Jaffry
Published: August 2018

The essential feature of a perfectly competitive labour market is that workers who accept jobs can expect to receive compensation equal to their opportunity cost. Firms pay a wage which is just sufficient enough, to attract workers of the quality they desire and no higher [Krueger and Summers (1988)]. Overall, the markets do not follow the law of one price, contradicting the competitive framework. This is where the problem of wage differentials across different industries needs to be assessed, and has also been the focus of many studies over the years, mainly in the industrialised countries, e.g. USA, European Countries. However, the issue of wage differentials has been addressed by very few studies in the developing countries [Arbache (2001) and Erdil, et al. (2001)]. Wage differentials analysis in developing countries should also have equal importance as in the industrialised countries, in order to gauge the effect of the corporate culture and centralisation/decentralisation on the different industries and labour market of those developing countries.
The New Institutional Economics Approach to Economic Development: A Discussion of Social, Political, Legal, and Economic Institutions
Authors: Omar Azfar
Published: August 2018

The last 50 years of development economics have seen hopes for global development raised high and dashed time and again. While there has been positive, sometimes even impressive, growth in many countries, in most of the world experience has not matched expectations. The accumulation of physical capital and human capital, liberalisation and privatisation have all been proposed as the elixirs of growth. While all these arguments have some merit, by themselves they are incomplete solutions to the problem of development. The disappointing performance of the post-Communist transition, the slow growth of the 1970s and 80s in Africa and Latin America, and the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s were all rooted in poor governance. Good governance involves aligning the incentives of agents with the interests of principals in both economic and political spheres. This paper describes some insights from New Institutional Economics on how best to design these incentives.
Governing the Labour Market: The Impossibility of Corporatist Reforms
Authors: Muhammad Zahid Siddique
Published: August 2018

This paper argues that a return to corporatist governance structures is impossible in Pakistan. Section 1 outlines neo-classical labour market regulation rationalities presented by Hayek, Wieser, and Sen. Section 2 compares and contrasts Fordist and Post-Fordist modes of labour market regulation. And Section 3 seeks to establish the impossibility of institutionalising corporatist governance structures in the labour markets of Pakistan. Neo-classical theory sees relations between labour and the representatives of capital (‘managers’) as relations created spontaneously by individuals in the pursuit of their rational self-interest. The capitalist individual, be he labourer or manager, defines ‘maximisation of utility’ as his ‘rational self interest’, and order within the labour market requires a reconciliation of individual (the labourer’s) and aggregate (the manager’s) utility maximisation (with aggregate utility maximisation being represented by shareholders value). Labour market order is thus impeded if:
Seven Linear B Syllabograms of Conventionally Unknown Phonetic Value
Authors: Kenanidis Ioannis K. , Papakitsos Evangelos C.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents seven syllabograms (signs used for Consonant-Vowel [CV] syllables) of the Linear B syllabary that are conventionally considered of unknown phonetic value. This presentation is conducted following the theory of the Cretan Protolinear syllabary as the one that all the Aegean syllabaries evolved from, namely Linear A, Cretan Hieroglyphics, Linear B, cognate to Cypro-Minoan and the Linear Cypriot Greek. It is demonstrated that the phonetic value of each syllabogram corresponds to the Eteocretan name (in a conservative dialect of Sumerian) of the concrete object depicted by each syllabogram. Thus, more light is shed on the linguistic ancestry of the Minoan scripts and the practice followed for their creation.
Inovação como fator de influência na competitividade da cadeia produtiva têxtil brasileira:
Authors: Caldeira Adilson , Medeiros Jr. Alberto De , Perez Gilberto
Published: August 2018

Para as empresas da cadeia produtiva têxtil brasileira a inovação é condição para a inserção no mercado internacional e preservação de espaços no mercado local. Neste estudo buscam-se conhecer quais fatores relativos à inovação influenciam a competitividade de empresas daquele setor, segundo seus gestores. Recorreu-se, inicialmente, entrevistas com dirigentes de entidades de classe do setor focalizado, visando identificar as inovações praticadas por seus representados. Posteriormente, realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa por meio de um questionário respondido por gestores que atuam em organizações de diversos elos do setor têxtil brasileiro. Mediante análise fatorial e de correlação identificaram-se obstáculos para inovar, com destaque à falta de financiamento e apoio à competitividade do País no cenário global. Contudo, há práticas que conduzem a melhores condições competitivas. Os resultados podem interessar a empresas assemelhadas às da amostra, a entidades representantes de classes e aos agentes de financiamento e fomento à produtividade e inovação.
KETEPATAN DAN VARIASI PENGGUNAAN PELENGKAP ARAH BAHASA MANDARIN DALAM KARANGAN PEMBELAJAR
Authors: Paskalis Bossy , Hasanah Hana Nurul
Published: August 2018

This research aims at describing the correct use of directional complements and elaborating the diversity and meanings of compound directional complement (CDC) used in Mandarin learners' interlanguage. This research is a case study on the essay of  Universitas Indonesia Chinese Study Program students. Results were obtained through qualitative data analysis method supported by simple calculation. Learners’ accuracy was reflected in identifying the direction of action, ordering the constituents in a sentence with directional complement, and selecting the motion verb. Meanwhile, inaccuracy appeared in four categories: misselection, misordering, overinclusion, and blends. On the other hand, the use of directional complements with literal meaning was very diverse, but not so for the metaphorical ones. Although the frequency of the metaphorical use of CDC was higher than the literal ones, there was a lack of the variation in the type of CDC used by the learners.
KEMAMPUAN MENGGUNAKAN MAJAS PERBANDINGAN DALAM PRODUKSI TEKS EKSEMPLUM SISWA SMP KELAS IX LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Suriati Ni Luh , Mahsun Mahsun , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: August 2018

This study investigates how the nineth graders of SMP in Lombok Utara apply exemplum teks in writing expressions.  Two SMPN in Gangga and Bayan in Lombok Utara city were assigned as the research setting. An amount of 30 students and one teacer in each school was selected as participants. Of three states SMP in Lombok Utara, both schools have applied The 2013 Curriculum, so that both schools were seected as the research setting. Data were collected through written test the students made in exemplum, interviews with teachers to know strategies to express the exemplum.  The study reveals that the nineth graders of SMP in Lombok Utara perform succesfully to use figurative language for comparison. The mastery is colored as: of 58 students, 48 (79%) are succesful to use figurative language for comparison, 28% use incomplete text structure of exemplum emphasizing on orietnation and incidents.  The students have produced conjunctions, that include: conjunction intersentences, conjunction intra-sentences, and appropriate adverbs.  However, conjunctions to link paragraphs after another are short.  Exemplum that refers to example, story, or annecdote is not well developed by students.
UNSUR-UNSUR KEBUDAYAAN DALAM TEKS NGGAHI DANA PADA MASYARAKAT DOMPU: SUATU PENDEKATAN ARKETIPEL-PRAGMATIK
Authors: Irawan Wawan , Mahyudi Johan , Sukri Muhammad
Published: August 2018

This research aims to analyze, track and formulate the social perspective in Dompu societies that are implied and expressed in text of Nggahi Dana. Arcetype-pragmatic approach was used as the research design emphasizing on content and thematic analysis.  Seven informants were assigned as the key informants.  In addition, observations, interviews and documents analysis were applied to support the data. Three video-tapes obtained from the observation and interviews were transcribed verbatim prior to analysis. The study reveals that identity construction of societies in Dompu was made by culture politics through oligarchy hierarchy since several years ago, that is to obey to the leader and abroad guests, and the text of Nggahi Dana is utilized as the device to doctrine low level societies (slave) by the rulers.
Estructura monomastil en 132 KV Y 220KV
Authors: Sosa Jorge Omar
Published: August 2018

Análisis de las posibilidades de uso de los soportes tipo monomástil en líneas de alta tensión, razones técnicas y económicas para hacerlo. Uso como respuesta rápida ante colapsos de líneas existentes en cualquier tipo de postación.

 
Don Bernardino de Cárdenas, O.F.M.: as acusações e os atos de antijesuitismo feitas pelo Bispo do Paraguay (1644-1651)
Authors: Rodrigues de Moura Gabriele
Published: August 2018

Um dos principais conflitos envolvendo a Companhia de Jesus na Província do Paraguay, durante o século XVII, não foi à questão envolvendo as encomiendas e as invasões bandeirantes, mas o conflito com o bispo de Asunción, o frade franciscano Don Bernardino de Cárdenas. O presente artigo pretende analisar quais foram as expressões utilizadas para adjetivar a Companhia de Jesus e construir uma imagem antijesuítica nas acusações feitas pelo bispo de Asunción, mostrando como essas foram difundidas e as consequências, que foram desde as acusações de heresia nos catecismos jesuíticos até o incêndio do Colégio de Asunción, durante quase oito anos de conflito.
La Carta de edificación del P. Alonso D´Aragona escrita por el P. Diego de Boroa.
Authors: Page Lucía
Published: August 2018

Presentamos en este trabajo un escrito inédito del P. Diego de Boroa (Trujillo, Cáceres, 1585 – San Miguel, 1657), quien permaneció casi medio siglo en la Provincia Jesuítica del Paraguay. Misionero incansable entre calchaquíes, y sobre todo con los guaraníes, fue uno de los primeros historiadores del Paraguay, quien dejó su obra inédita. La misma se basa fundamentalmente en el género biográfico, escribiendo sobre varios personajes del que traemos la vida del P. Alonso de D´Aragona, en una Carta de Edificación enviada al provincial Vázquez Trujillo, quien seguramente redactó un resumen de la misma e insertó en la trunca Carta Anua del periodo 1628-1631, cuyo obituario es parte del texto perdido.
El ciclo misionero de Hernando de Villafañe (1560-1634) y su relevancia en la Provincia Mexicana de la Compañía de Jesús
Authors: López Castillo Gilberto
Published: August 2018

Hernando de Villafañe (León, Castilla la Vieja 1560 – Sinaloa, 1634), fue uno de los principales actores de la Compañía de Jesús en la época inicial en la misión de Sinaloa (Nueva Vizcaya), por lo que una revisión de la información sobre este perso-naje sobre el que no existe una biografía actualizada permite contextualizar las distintas facetas de un jesuita cuya fama como misionero ha trascendido, convirtiéndose en refe-rente, no solo del papel de los jesuitas en Sinaloa, sino del desarrollo de la Provincia jesuítica mexicana en momentos fundacionales del trabajo permanente con los indios. Investigar a Villafañe contribuye a un mayor conocimiento de la misión jesuita, su fun-ción y organización interna, a la vez que permite comprender los entramados específi-cos de una institución global.
Un documento olvidado de un jesuita expulso tucumano: la “Carta crítica sobre el uso de la Santa Biblia en lengua vulgar” de Diego León de Villafañe (1741-1830)
Authors: Perrone Nicolás Hernán
Published: August 2018

Diego León de Villafañe (1741-1830) fue el único jesuita -no secularizado- que regresó a las tierras del Virreinato del Rio de la Plata luego de los decretos de Godoy de 1797 y 1798. Luego de su regreso se estableció en la ciudad de Tucumán de donde era originario; desde allí se relacionó a lo largo de los treinta años que se dieron entre su vuelta del exilio y su muerte con numerosos miembros de las élites políticas, económicas y religiosas de la región. Sin embargo, esta figura ha sido poco estudiada -en comparación con otros jesuitas de la provincia del Paraguay- por la historiografía argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una breve obra manuscrita -una de las pocas que se conservan de su autoría- escrita por Diego León de Villafañe que se conserva en el Archivo General de la Nación de Argentina sobre la problemática de la traducción de la Biblia a las lenguas “vulgares”. En la misma, Villafañe critica la aparición de numerosas traducciones del libro sagrado cristiano al castellano. Buscaremos insertar este trabajo no solo dentro del contexto general teológico del antijansenismo europeo, sino también dentro de los debates religiosos que se dieron en el Rio de la Plata entre finales del siglo XVIII y comienzos del siglo XIX.
Versión inédita en castellano de la biografía del P. Francisco Ruiz de Villegas SJ, promotor de la celebración salteña de la Virgen del Milagro
Authors: Kalinowski Juan Pedro
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo describe en sus líneas principales la participación misio-nal de la Compañía de Jesús en la provincia de Salta (Argentina) y su influencia en la configuración de la identidad e idiosincrasia de dicha provincia. En ese marco contex-tual, se presenta por primera vez en versión castellana la biografía del P. Francisco Ruiz de Villegas, cuyo original latino de 1793 es autor el Padre de la misma Compañía, el catalán José Manuel Peramás. Se pretende con esto rescatar del olvido y revalorizar su participación como religioso en la conformación y difusión del culto de la Virgen del Milagro, una de las manifestaciones de fe más antiguas y de mayor raigambre del norte argentino.
La relación del martirio de los santos del Caaró escrita por el P. Diego de Boroa en 1629
Authors: Barrabino Martín
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo es uno más de la serie de obras inéditas del P. Boroa, especialmente las inclinadas al género biográfico, que realizamos dentro del “Programa Antiguos Jesuitas en Iberoamérica”. Un género ampliamente desarrollado entre los jesuitas que no siempre tuvo como objetivo ser publicado y que incluso puede involucrarse en otras tipologías como cartas de edificación que escriben testigos a superiores inmediatos, y otras que de éstos van dirigidas a autoridades civiles e incluso a Roma, o simplemente a amigos o conocidos. Suman a ellas los obituarios insertos en las Cartas Anuas, que tienen como base de información aquellos textos
La biografía del P. Diego de Alfaro escrita por el P. Diego de Boroa y la defensa de su martirio
Authors: Page Carlos A.
Published: August 2018

Continuando con la edición de las obras inéditas del P. Diego de Boroa que se refieren al género biográfico, e incluso su propia autobiografía presentamos en esta oportunidad un caso singular en cuanto que se trata de la biografía de una persona que además de conocer y trabajar con el P. Boroa, es un texto que lo exhibe como una defensa al martirio, en una muerte producida junto a los indios con quienes salió a combatir a los bandeirantes que asolaron las reducciones en sus inicios. Defensa y justificación de la toma de las armas por parte de los religiosos.
La "Explicacion de el catechismo" de Nicolás Yapuguay (1724) a la luz del ejemplar de la Colección Arata.
Authors: Medan Diego
Published: August 2018

Entre las ediciones de la prensa misional jesuítica se encuentra la Explicaciondeelcatechismo... deNicolásYapuguay (Santa María la Mayor, 1724), obra de la que se conocen muy pocos ejemplares en el mundo. El artículo describe e ilustra una copia recién descubierta, que originalmente perteneció al bibliófilo Pedro N. Arata, e incluye una comparación con las otras conocidas hasta ahora. Los ejemplares difieren considerablemente en el número y nivel de integridad de sus partes constitutivas, la presencia de un fallo de paginación en la tercera parte, el nivel y calidad de restauración de que han sido objeto, sus marcas de propiedad, y la presencia de marginalia. La frecuente ausencia del texto del catecismo (parte IV) permite conjeturar que la Explicacion circuló desde el principio en versiones más y menos completas, quizás en respuesta a disímiles necesidades de sus destinatarios. En el pasado los coleccionistas privados cumplieron un rol importante en el rescate y preservación de ejemplaresde esta obra, que hoy se encuentran en su mayoría en repositorios públicos laicos. Las marginalia en guaraní, abundantes en la copia Arata pero presentes al menos en otras tres, sugieren que algunos ejemplares permanecieron largo tiempo en el seno de comunidades de hablantes de esa lengua debido al valor de uso catequístico del libro. Esto explicaría el alto nivel de supervivencia de esta obra, de la que sobreviven 15 ejemplares de la edición original, cuya magnitud se ha estimado en 30 a 40 copias.
Joseph Cataldini y la fundación de pueblos en el Guayrá por aproximaciones sucesivas: hay que saber entenderse
Authors: Levinton Norberto
Published: August 2018

Las fundaciones de reducciones en la región del Guayra siguieron una metodología basada en la comprensión de la forma de ser de los grupos indígenas. En este contexto hubo respeto absoluto por las tipologías de los espacios indígenas y la conformación pre existente de las jerarquías sociales. Esto fue posibilitado esencialmente por la comprensión del lenguaje guaraní y el de los gualachos o ibirajaras. Entender el significado de una palabra podía ser la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte. Los jesuitas y los indios intercambiaron saberes. El aporte tecnológico fue importante, esencialmente las cuñas de hierro. Pero también lo fue la implementación de técnicas agrícolas y, por ende, la realización de nuevos cultivos como la caña de azúcar y el algodón. Para realizar estas innovaciones había que conocer la tierra, el agua y las plantas. La introducción de ganados con la provisión de leche y la fabricación de manteca y quesos modificó sustancialmente el régimen alimenticio. La construcción de caminos cambió la estructura del espacio. ¿Cuál fue la ideología que sostuvo la organización del espacio?Pensamos que existió una filosofía de conformación del espacio misionero como sumatoria de lugares que se puede vincular con las ideas de Leibniz. Aunque este irrumpió unos años después en el mundo de las ideas sostenemos que algunos conceptos de la metafísica del espacio de este autor pudieron instrumentarse algunos años antes en la formación de los jesuitas en el nivel del noviciado o posteriormente. Plegar y desplegar continuamente las subregiones, eso es lo que llamamos aproximaciones sucesivas. Analizaremos estas nociones y el rol del Padre Joseph Cataldini en su conformación.
La población y tasas vitales de las otras misiones jesuíticas de la Provincia del Paraguay y Moxos.
Authors: Jackson Robert H.
Published: August 2018

Esta es la tercera y última de una serie de artículos que presentan información sobre la población y las tasas vitales de las misiones jesuíticas en la provincia de Paraguay reconstruidas a partir de censos. Este artículo discute las misiones de los Moxos que formaban parte de la Provincia de Perú, pero eran similares a los establecimientos Chiquitos. También se discuten las misiones de Tarima y Chaco, y la misión Jesús María de los Guenoas.
Environmental factors and respiratory system state of Aral sea region dwellers
Authors: Otarbayeva M. B. , Gazizova A. O. , Ibraeva L. K. , Rybalkina D. Kh.
Published: August 2018

Health of Kyzylorda region dwellers is influenced by following negative factors: physical — climate (sharply continental dry hot climate, winds, high solar radiation); chemical — biochemical components in water, soils, ambient air, radiation background; anthropogenic — overregulated river-bed of Syrdaria, insiccation of Aral sea, oil extraction, uranium ores extraction, etc.

Findings are that the maximal respiratory diseases prevalence is seen in a region neighboring toAral sea. Kyzylorda region used to take 3rd place in the republic for average longstanding mortality with respiratory diseases. High morbidity in Zhalagashsky and Zhanakorgansky districts, high mortality with respiratory diseases in Kazalinsky and Zhanakorgansky districts are seen in regions situated far fromAral sea.
Concepts of occupational morbidity formation in miners of Rostov coal basin
Authors: Piktushanskaya T. E. , Yakovleva N. V. , Bryleva M. S. , Churanova A. N.
Published: August 2018

The authors analyzed informational statistic materials of Occupational pathology center in Rostov region over 1960–2016 and information on retrospectively formed cohort of coal miners (1990–2015). Medical and demographic characteristics of the cohort covered work conditions, age at occupational disease diagnosis in the miners, structure and dynamics of occupational morbidity in various occupational groups. Over the stated time interval, unfavorable work conditions of the coal miners were associated with high risk of occupational disease development. The miners of the studied cohort appeared to have respiratory diseases and vibration disease at able-bodied age (70.4%) prevalent in occupational diseases structure.
WorseThanMeasurementError
Authors: Rhemtulla Mijke , van Bork Riet , Borsboom Denny
Published: August 2018

Previous research and methodological advice has focused on the importance of accounting for measurement error in psychological data. That perspective assumes that psychological variables conform to a common factor model, such that they consist of construct variance plus error. In this paper, we explore what happens when a set of items that are not generated from a common factor construct model are nonetheless modeled as reflecting a common factor. Through a series of hypothetical examples and an empirical re-analysis, we show that (1) common factor models tend to produce extremely biased and highly variable structural parameter estimates when the population model is not a common factor model; (2) model fit is a poor indicator of the degree of bias; and (3) composite models are sometimes more reliable than common factor models under alternative measurement structures, though they also lead to unacceptably bad solutions in some cases.
Estimation of Rearrangement Break Rates Across the Genome
Authors: Hann-Soden Christopher , Holmes Ian , Taylor John W.
Published: August 2018

Genomic rearrangements provide an important source of variation, but reconstructing the history of rearrangements often has many solutions. We answer the question of where rearrangements occur by solving the simpler problem of estimating the rate of double-strand breaks at every site in a genome. This problem is a special case of the minimum cover problem for an interval graph. We implement this method as a Python program, BRAG, and use it to estimate break rates in the genome of Neurospora crassa. We find that more frequent rearrangement in the subtelomeres facilitates the evolution of novel genes.
Pancasila sebagai Pondasi Pendidikan Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus
Published: August 2018

Pancasila is the foundation of Indonesia. Pancasila has five principles that accommodate humanity and divinity. But, what happen? Indonesia, in fact, cannot release himself from interfaction, tribe, and interreligious conflict. This country, in fact, cannot unite himself unto the big nation. Unity of Indonesia, that have been recommended by Pancasila not yet well executed (also in educations systems), even in the contrary emerge the tendension that Pancasila progressively sued day by day. This research has a purpose to digging the early idea of the founding of the nation, especially the Soekarno’s idea of “Pancasila,” to enriched the education of religions system. Specially, i hope, the discussion of this theme can give any contribution for Indonesian educational and social lives, of which to be felt decline in any ways progressively.
Bayesian, Distributed Modalities for Smalltalk
Authors: Syukri  , Achmady Sayed
Published: August 2018

System administrators agree that perfect methodologies are an interesting new topic in the field of machine learning, and cyber- informaticians concur. In this position paper, we show the evaluation of linked lists. We use reliable information to show that access points can be made virtual, autonomous, and probabilistic.
Improving teenagers’ divergent thinking with improvisational theatre
Authors: Hainselin Mathieu , Aubry Alexandre , Bourdin Béatrice
Published: August 2018

Improvisational theatre (improv) is supposed to have an impact on cognitive processes (divergent thinking, flexibility, language, memory, problem solving, and co-construction), academic performance, and everyday life in many ways. However, little research studied on the psychological impact of improv, with some results highlighting a divergent thinking enhancement in children and adults, but not with teenagers, one of the most important age groups to practice improv. Therefore, this study aims to assess divergent thinking for middle school students before and after an 11-week session compared to a control group with a sport practice. The Alternative Uses Task was used before and after the session for both groups to evaluate divergent thinking. The improv group had better performance in originality, flexibility and gave less prototypical items after the improv sessions compared to before, while the control group performance was similar before and after. Our results suggest that improv helps teenagers’ divergent thinking to improve, not only with experimental games in the lab context but also after ecological sessions. We urge scientists to study in depth psychological impacts of improvisational theatre and applied improvisation, for a better understanding of improv and as a model to study embodied cognition.
A proposal of a measure of societal sexual double standard
Authors: Gómez-Berrocal Carmen , Vallejo-Medina Pablo , nieves  , Sierra Juan Carlos
Published: August 2018

A version of the Double Standard Scale (SDSS) is presented to assess the subjectiveperception of society's support for the Sexual Double Standard (SDS). We examine itspsychometric properties in a sample of Spanish population heterosexual of 1,206individuals (50% males), distributed across three groups (18-34, 35-49, and 50 yearsold or older).We performed Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory. The foundversion consists of 18 item distributed into three factors (Acceptance for Male SexualShyness,Acceptance for Female Sexual Freedom and Acceptance for TraditionalDouble Standard). A second-order factor structure was also adequate. Internalconsistency, temporal stability and validity evidence are reported. This version of theSDSS is reliable and valid. It allows to assess the perception of societal sexual doublestandard. Its usefulness to improve the predictive validity of the standardized scalesthat evaluate the individual adhesion to SDS is discussed.
An Introduction and Historical Background of Concept of Akhlat (Humour)
Authors: Aamir Momin Shahzad
Published: August 2018

Humoral theory, also known as theory of akhlat is a key concept in Unani System of Medicine. It was originated in Ancient Greece and later developed by Galen and Arabic Physicians. The theory was central to the teachings of Greco Arabic medicine and it became the dominant theory in Europe for many centuries. It remained a major influence on medical practice and teaching until eighteenth century. The theory was first postulated by Hippocrates in his treatise On the Nature of Man. The method of approach of these early thinkers was to look for natural explanations for human physiology and disease causation with the help of logical reasoning and observation. In this theory, humors existed as liquids within the body which are known as blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. The humoral theory evolved over millennia and finally became the dominant explanation of human physiology. This was in contrast to the supernatural theories for disease causation and also attempt to explain that disease instead is a naturalistic event and it can be understood by natural causes. This short review will mainly focus on the understanding and historical background of the theory of akhlat.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 04 October’18. Page : 189-192
Relative Labour Market Performance of Former International Students: Evidence from the National Graduates Survey
Authors: Chen Zong Jia , Skuterud Mikal
Published: August 2018

Canada is increasingly looking to international students as a source of post-secondary tuition revenues and new immigrants. We compare the labour market performance of former international students (FISs) through the first decade of the 2000s with that of their Canadian-born and -educated (CBE) and foreign-born and -educated (FBE) counterparts. We find that FISs outperform FBE immigrants by a substantial margin but underperform CBE graduates from similar post-secondary programs. We also find evidence of a deterioration in FIS outcomes relative to both comparison groups. We argue that this deterioration is most consistent with a quality trade-off because the supply of international students has not kept pace with the growth in demand.
Milked and Feathered: The Regressive Welfare Effects of Canada’s Supply Management Regime: A Comment
Authors: Doyon Maurice , Bergeron Stéphane , Tamini Lota D.
Published: August 2018

This comment addresses Cardwell, Lawley, and Xiang’s (2015) article that provides an estimate of the consumer burden caused by supply management. The main concern is regarding the strong assumption that observed cross-border price differences between Canada and the United States are solely caused by supply management. To demonstrate the flaw in this assumption, we compare cross-border price differences for non–supply-managed products, which reveals that other factors are also at play. By not taking this into account, the article overstates the consumer burden caused by supply management. Other issues regarding exchange rate sensitivity and the rhetoric of the article are also discussed.
Effect of laser forming on mechanical properties of multiple-phase steels by using a thermal–microstructure–mechanical model
Authors: Gou Rui-bin , Dan Wen-jiao , Yu Min , Zhang Wei-gang
Published: August 2018

Based on a forming temperature-controlled mixed strain-hardening law, a temperature-controlled thermal–microstructure–mechanical model was developed to predict the deformation in ferrite–martensite dual-phase steel before and after complex laser forming. Phase transformation in dual phase steel was predicted by coupling a kinetic transformation model with the developed model during laser forming. The corresponding algorithm of the constitutive model was used in three-dimensional finite element method to simulate the material deformation and mechanical properties during the laser forming. The simulated results agree well with the experimental results. Laser forming influences the mechanical properties of the material significantly, leads to bending deformation of the scanned sample and induces a ferrite-to-martensite transformation. The influence of scanning line number on the tensile strength and bending deformation of the scanned specimen was investigated. The tensile strength and bending angle are related positively to the number of scanning lines on the sample.