bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finance, extraction and logistics as axes of the third neoliberal moment in Latin America
Authors: Peregalli Alessandro
Published: June 2019

With the notion of ‘operations of capital', focused on the interaction between the dimensions of finance, extraction and logistics, authors such as Mezzadra and Neilson have highlighted some ‘underlying transformations of capitalism’ that go well beyond a generic idea of neoliberalism as ‘the hegemonic circulation of economic doctrines or processes of deregulation and governance'. The aim of this article is to investigate the strong articulation of finance, extraction and logistics in Latin America by focusing on the creation of new infrastructural corridors in the continent during the ‘third phase’ of neoliberal hegemony in the region. This article brings together elements from the so-called ‘critical logistics studies’ literature with a range of other theoretical perspectives, including insights from the work of David Harvey, Giovanni Arrighi, Michel Foucault and Saskia Sassen. It applies this theoretical background to the Latin American reality, drawing on regional-specific literature and general data using a trans-disciplinary perspective.
Towards the mapping of port labour systems and conflicts across Europe: a literature review
Authors: Bottalico Andrea
Published: June 2019

This article presents a literature review on labour dynamics in European ports. The aim is to provide a detailed and critical appraisal of the recent academic literature on port labour studies, in order to develop a comprehensive mapping of the variety of port labour regimes and conflicts in Europe with the ultimate aim of revealing the changing profile of labour requirements as a consequence of the structural transformations in the overall logistics chain. The review mainly considers the literature published during the period 2000-2017. Since ports have been explored by means of different theoretical approaches, paradigms and perspectives, the study aimed to foster a multidisciplinary approach between some streams and to consolidate them wherever possible. In the first part of the article, the main definitions, ideas and concepts developed in the literature by scholars on seaport research and port studies are reviewed and analysed. The second part discusses the literature on port geography and the third part addresses port labour dynamics in particular. The conclusions draw from the perspective of the maritime-logistics chain to analyse the variety of port labour systems and summarise the literature reviewed, stressing the need for further studies.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in a Panel of Neuroendocrine Neoplasias
Authors: Remes Satu M. , Leijon Helena L. , Vesterinen Tiina J. , Arola Johanna T. , Haglund Caj H.
Published: June 2019

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are known to express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) 1–5, which are G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors. Somatostatin receptor imaging and therapy utilizes the SSTR expression. Synthetic somatostatin analogs with radioligands are used to detect primary tumors, metastases, and recurrent disease. Receptor analogs are also used for treating NENs. Furthermore, commercially available SSTR antibodies can be used for the immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of SSTRs. We investigated different SSTR antibody clones applying diverse IHC protocol settings to identify reliable clones and feasible protocols for NENs. A tissue microarray including NENs from 12 different primary sites were stained. Only UMB clones were able to localize SSTR on the cell membranes of NENs. SSTR2 (UMB1) emerged as the most common subtype followed by SSTR5 (UMB4) and SSTR1 (UMB7). SSTR3 (UMB5) expression was mainly cytoplasmic. Yet, SSTR4 expression was weak and located primarily in the cytoplasm. Thus, appropriate IHC protocols, including proper positive and negative controls, represent requirements for high-quality NEN diagnostics and for planning personalized therapy.
Turismo de Intercâmbio: as contribuições da experiência Afebrae/Schloss Hotel Lisl Gmbh & co.kg. na Alemanha
Authors: Schneider Andréia Caroline , Ashton Mary Sandra Guerra
Published: June 2019

Esse estudo tem o objetivo de investigar as contribuições da experiência do intercâmbio em Hotelaria e Gastronomia promovido entre a AFEBRAE e Schloss Hotel Lisl GmbH & Co. KG, na Alemanha, para os participantes do intercâmbio entre os anos 2010 e 2012. Para tanto, adotou autores consagrados nessa temática de estudos e utilizou o método exploratório-descritivo e interpretativo com exemplo de caso numa abordagem qualitativa, tendo como procedimentos técnicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo em estudo específico do referido programa de intercâmbio. Entre os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que as principais contribuições da realização deste intercâmbio, estão ligadas à qualificação profissional, amadurecimento pessoal e ampliação dos conhecimentos em âmbito cultural, social, disciplinar.
Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Zuraeva Zamira T. , Nikankina Larisa V. , Kolesnikova Galina S. , Abdulhabirova Fatima M. , Rumiantsev Pavel O. , Vanushko Vladimir E. , Malysheva Natalia M.
Published: June 2019

Background: The high incidence of cervical lymph nodes metastasis in highly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and insufficient of existing diagnostic methods determines the urgency of finding reliable and more effective tests.
Aims: The aim of our study is to determine the prognostic significance of the thyroglobulin measurement in washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA-Tg) and the cut-off value in the diagnosis of DTC lymph nodes metastasis.
Materials and methods: 245 patients evaluated for suspicious cervical lymph nodes were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent FNA-Tg, serum thyroglobulin (sTg) levels, thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. 125 patients with malignant changes according to FNA and/or high FNA-Tgvalues underwent surgical treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups with reactive (n = 23) and metastatic (n = 102) changes. FNA-TG was assayed on automated system Cobas 601 (Roche, France).
Results: All patients were comparable by sex, age and levels of TSH, sTG, Tg-Ab. The FNA-Tg median in metastatic group was 537.0 [0.1; 1000], and in benign group – 17.9 [0.5; 158.0], p = 0.003. The sensitivity of isolated FNA was 85%, specificity 57%, AUC = 0.618, 95% CI 0.516–0.713. The sensitivity and specificity of FNA-Tg was 73% and 100%, respectively, AUC = 0.865, 95% CI 0.78–0.92. The optimal cut-off point for malignancy was >9.2 ng/ml (sensitivity 75%, specificity 100%), Youden Index 0.73.
Conclusions: Additional FNA-Tg may increase the sensitivity of isolated FNA in evaluation of DTC lymph node metastasis. The optimized cut-off value >9.2 ng/ml can be proposed as a diagnostic threshold for the definition of malignancy.
VIVENCIAS DE APRENDIZAJE Y DIFICULTADES MÁS ACUCIANTES DE LOS ESTUDIANTES INGRESANTES A LA CARRERA MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Authors: Fascendini Paola Yanina
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo persigue como objetivo socializar los diversos motivos que emergen en torno a las dificultades que atraviesan los estudiantes al ingresar al nivel de educación superior y cómo aprenden mejor los contenidos de las diferentes asignaturas que integran el primer semestre del Plan de estudio de la carrera Medicina Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. El poder visibilizar las razones de estas dificultades permite tomar conciencia de aquellos factores que interfieren en el desempeño académico y que obstaculizan el proceso de afiliación universitaria. Se indagó acerca de las diversas causas que tienden a dificultar el ingreso como así también cómo aprenden mejor estos estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos indican que según la percepción de los estudiantes los factores que más han dificultado su ingreso al contexto universitario son la débil formación consolidada en procesos formativos anteriores, el requerimiento de varias explicaciones, las dificultades de adaptación, y el desconocimiento del funcionamiento de la institución. Con respecto a los aprendizajes, los estudiantes manifiestan que aprenden mejor en encuentros áulicos que favorecen la vinculación entre la teoría y la práctica, y que consolidan el saber mediante ejemplificaciones que potencian el valor de las explicaciones del docente por su vinculación con la práctica experiencial. Lo novedoso de este estudio yace en el reconocimiento de la necesidad de llevar a cabo acciones institucionales que favorezcan el ingreso al nivel universitario y de ajustar los modelos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje a las necesidades de aquel que se encuentra aprendiendo a partir del cuestionamiento de los modos en que enseñamos, considerando los perfiles estudiantiles actuales y asumiendo que difieren de los tradicionales.
MIRADA DE LOS DOCENTES ANTE LAS PROBLEMÁTICAS ESTUDIANTILES EN EL CICLO BÁSICO DE LA CARRERA MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Authors: Fascendini Paola Yanina , Gramaglia Carina , Cignetti Luciana , Galván Stella
Published: June 2019

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo es socializar la mirada docente en torno a las problemáticas detectadas en la población estudiantil del ciclo básico de la carrera Medicina Veterinaria, a partir del análisis de los factores que desde su perspectiva inciden en el recorrido académico de los estudiantes. La instrumentación de una encuesta diseñada para docentes permitió acercarnos a las interpretaciones que realizan de lo que acontece en este tramo de la carrera, con el fin de tomar conciencia de aquellos factores que tienden a repercutir significativamente en el desempeño de los jóvenes. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que los docentes observan dificultades vinculadas a la interpretación de las consignas, las cuales son atribuidas principalmente a la escasa preparación que han obtenido en el nivel secundario, así como también a factores emocionales que tienden a impactar en la continuidad de los estudios. A su vez, expresan que la desorientación vocacional resulta ser un signo importante que repercute en la motivación por la carrera elegida. Otros indicadores importantes refieren a la falta de métodos de estudios propios, y a dificultades para la expresión oral y escrita. Además, señalan que las propuestas pedagógicas ofrecidas no siempre satisfacen las necesidades de los estudiantes actuales.
¿Qué pretenden las neurociencias de la educación? Reflexiones sobre posibilidades o separaciones.
Authors: Corvalán Facundo Juan Manuel
Published: June 2019

Este artículo plantea una discusión conceptual y metodológica entre las Neurociencias y la Educación considerando en el debate el aporte de la perspectiva Histórica-Cultural. Primeramente se define al campo teórico entendido como Neurociencias, seguido a esto se articulan diferentes enfoques en relación a debates educativos. Se reflexiona sobre el papel que se le da al cerebro en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en posturas que oscilan entre distintos reduccionismos.

El desafío metodológico en las Ciencias de la Educación supone integrar intencionalidades científicas. La explicación y la interpretación aparecen como opciones para lograr una perspectiva que dé cuenta de la naturaleza de las problemáticas complejas. Investigaciones actuales permiten analizar estas alternativas epistemológicas y técnicas.

Son varios los temas que abordan las Neurociencias que plantean vínculos con la Educación, el modo de articulación y las intervenciones posibles dependerá de como se asuman las lógicas implicadas en los conocimientos y en las prácticas. Algunas contradicciones en estas ofertas de ideas demandan un análisis coherente desde los actores del campo de la educación.
ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS MORFOLÓGICAS MEDIADA POR TECNOLOGÍAS EMERGENTES.
Authors: Fabro Ana Patricia
Published: June 2019

En el marco de la realidad educativa actual, atravesada por la incorporación de tecnologías a las aulas, es necesario reflexionar acerca de los aportes que generan las diferentes propuestas de enseñanza mediadas por estos dispositivos y en torno a los modelos educativos que las sustentan.

Mediante una metodología de investigación combinada, se indagó acerca de la contribución de un ecosistema tecnológico a la enseñanza de las Ciencias Morfológicas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se aprecia que su utilización no se limita a la mera innovación de los soportes tecnológicos, sino a una verdadera transformación de la enseñanza.

 

Palabras clave: Enseñanza-Ciencias Morfológicas-tecnologías emergentes.
“HILANDO HISTORIAS: CONSTRUCCIÓN COLECTIVA DE UN DISPOSITIVO DIDÁCTICO SOBRE EDUCACIÓN ALIMENTARIA NUTRICIONAL”.
Authors: Ravelli Sandra , Oliva Mariana , Oliva Mariana , Rossa Vanesa , Schonborn Adalgisa , Schonborn Adalgisa
Published: June 2019

La Educación Alimentaria Nutricional resulta una herramienta valiosa y efectiva, para conseguir cambios voluntarios en los hábitos y estilos de vida. Realizarla en edades tempranas es clave para promover hábitos de alimentación saludables que perduren a lo largo de la vida.

Transmitir mensajes en el nivel inicial es un desafío, ya que el aprendizaje debe ser realizado mediante el juego, y con recursos didácticos apropiados. Al respecto, uno de los objetivos de este equipo extensionista fue construir e implementar interdisciplinariamente un dispositivo didáctico, con contenidos de Educación Alimentaria Nutricional para dos Jardines de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina; el Jardín Municipal Coronel Dorrego y el Jardín Nº 68 “Dr. Camilo Corti”.

Este trabajo, de enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, se enmarcó en un Proyecto de Extensión e interés social de la Licenciatura en Nutrición de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Se realizó en cuatro etapas; recolección de datos y diagnóstico del caso situado; construcción interdisciplinaria del dispositivo, validación con profesionales idóneos e implementación en las salas entre 0 y 5 años, a través de talleres desarrollados con los niños de los jardines. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron entrevistas, observación, registro de informes y trabajo en equipo, maximizando los cruces interdisciplinares.

La particularidad del enfoque interdisciplinario enriqueció el material construido. La implementación del libro-objeto, resultó una herramienta innovadora para realizar EAN en el nivel inicial, despertando la imaginación y promoviendo el aprendizaje en las primeras etapas de la vida, para contribuir así al desarrollo de hábitos y estilos de vida beneficiosos para la salud.
Windthrow Resistance of Norway Spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) Forest Cultures - Preliminary Results
Authors: Đodan Martina , Perić Sanja
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose: Forest damage by wind is an important cause of economic loss in commercial forestry in the Republic of Croatia, as well as in many other European countries. Thus, windthrow resistance of trees represents a significant issue. Spruce forest cultures have shown the lowest resistance to windthrow so far. Nevertheless, there is not much insight into the relationship between trees and stand resistance to wind in the region. The objectives of this paper are to: (i) provide first evidence of the relation between tree characteristics prior to storm event in completely destroyed stands in comparison to slightly damaged stands, (ii) to evaluate the need to consider tree resistance to winds during thinnings, (iii) to evaluate if there is a need for windthrow stability assessment prior to replacement interventions.
Materials and Methods: The paper investigates three individual cases of spruce forest cultures on three localities in the hilly part of Central Croatia in the fifth decade of age. Two of three stands were completely destroyed by the storm event during the year 2013. The experiment was established in the spring of 2010 using randomised block design with three replications. Based on total tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) the following parameters were calculated: wood volume (V), basal area (B) and slenderness coefficient. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were made in STATISTICA 8.2.
Results: The results show overstocking, unfavourable structure and unfavourable slenderness coefficients (>80:1) in both cultures which were completely destroyed by wind. The correlation among variables revealed a significant relationship for all localities (p<0.05) when slenderness coefficient was compared with B and V (negative), but there was no correlation with H.
Conclusions: Research supported the claim that slenderness coefficient and stand structural analysis can be good predictors of damages caused by wind. With respect to the forthcoming increase of frequency and severity of storm events we propose to take evaluation of tree resistance into consideration prior to all silvicultural activities (especially high intensity interventions such as replacement/regeneration). Improved stability of trees against wind should be a silvicultural goal already from the first thinning (higher intensity thinings from below). In the case of unstable stands canopy cover should be opened cautiously to provide the remaining trees an opportunity to slowly respond to space increase. It should be noted that these initial findings should be supported by a more extensive research in the future.
Ryanodine Receptor 2 Contributes to Impaired Protein Localization in Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Deficiency
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Yang Fan , Butler Michael R. , Rapp Jacob , Le Yun-Zheng , Ding Xi-Qin
Published: June 2019

The photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel plays a pivotal role in phototransduction and cellular calcium homeostasis. Mutations in the cone photoreceptor CNG channel subunits CNGA3 and CNGB3 are associated with achromatopsia and cone dystrophies. CNG channel deficiency leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated cone apoptosis, protein mislocalization, and ER calcium dysregulation. This work investigated the potential mechanisms of protein mislocalization associated with ER calcium dysregulation usingCnga3-/-mice lacking ER Ca2+channel ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) specifically in cones. Deletion ofRyr2improved outer segment (OS) localization of the cone proteins M-opsin, S-opsin, and cone phosphodiesterase subunit α′ (PDE6C) and decreased inner segment localization. One-month-oldCnga3-/-mice showed ∼30% of M-opsin, 55% of S-opsin, and 50% of PDE6C localized to the OS.Cnga3-/-mice withRyr2deletion at the same age showed almost 60% of M-opsin, 70% of S-opsin, and 70% of PDE6C localized to the OS. Deletion ofRyr2nearly completely reversed elevations of the ER stress markers phospho-IRE1α and phospho-eIF2α and suppressed cone apoptosis. Consistent with the improved cone protein localization and reduced ER stress/cone apoptosis, cone survival was improved by deletion ofRyr2. The number of cones was increased by ∼28% in 2- to 4-month-oldCnga3-/-mice withRyr2deletion compared with age-matchedCnga3-/-mice. This work demonstrates a role of RyR2/ER calcium dysregulation in protein mislocalization, ER stress, and cone death. The findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration and support strategies targeting ER calcium regulation to manage retinal degeneration.
Pain and Memory in the Formation of Early Modern Habitus
Authors: Merback Mitchell
Published: June 2019

Between the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, pain and memory became interdependent in three domains of social and religious life: religious devotion, education, and criminal justice. The grounds for this affiliation were prepared by a training of individuals in the control of affect and the acceptance of memory training as a regimen of virtual self-wounding, often facilitated by violent imagery. Across the three domains examined here Christian subjectivity was quietly reformed, and an embodied habitus inculcated, to meet the demands of an age no longer anchored in unquestioned truths.
Novel mechanisms for the metabolic control of puberty: implications for pubertal alterations in early-onset obesity and malnutrition
Authors: Vazquez M J , Velasco I , Tena-Sempere M
Published: June 2019

Puberty is driven by sophisticated neuroendocrine networks that timely activate the brain centers governing the reproductive axis. The timing of puberty is genetically determined; yet, puberty is also sensitive to numerous internal and external cues, among which metabolic/nutritional signals are especially prominent. Compelling epidemiological evidence suggests that alterations of the age of puberty are becoming more frequent; the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, but the escalating prevalence of obesity and other metabolic/feeding disorders is possibly a major contributing factor. This phenomenon may have clinical implications, since alterations in pubertal timing have been associated to adverse health outcomes, including higher risk of earlier all-cause mortality. This urges for a better understanding of the neurohormonal basis of normal puberty and its deviations. Compelling evidence has recently documented the master role of hypothalamic neurons producing kisspeptins, encoded by Kiss1, in the neuroendocrine pathways controlling puberty. Kiss1 neurons seemingly participate in transmitting the regulatory actions of metabolic cues on pubertal maturation. Key cellular metabolic sensors, as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the fuel-sensing deacetylase, SIRT1, have been recently shown to participate also in the metabolic modulation of puberty. Recently, we have documented that AMPK and SIRT1 operate as major molecular effectors for the metabolic control of Kiss1 neurons and, thereby, puberty onset. Alterations of these molecular pathways may contribute to the perturbation of pubertal timing linked to conditions of metabolic stress in humans, such as subnutrition or obesity and might become druggable targets for better management of pubertal disorders.
PEDAGOGÍA DECOLONIAL: LÍMITES, POSIBILIDADES Y ALTERNATIVAS IDENTITARIAS TRANS- E INTERCULTURALES DESDE NUESTRA AMÉRICA
Authors: Gómez Torres Juan , Mora Alvarado Mynor
Published: June 2019

El presente ensayo apunta hacia la discusión de límites, posibilidades y metodología de la pedagogía decolonial desde el actual contexto histórico nuestro/americano y la expansión tanto de viejas como de nuevas formas de colonización y modernización. Se tiene como propósito analizar algunos problemas que supone y plantea el enfoque decolonial, en el marco de la pedagogía, en su relación con la trans- y la interculturalidad, como límites racionales y éticos de la decolonialidad.
Achalasia-like Changes in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Surdea-Blaga Teodora , David Liliana , Botan Emil Claudiu , Dumitrascu Dan L
Published: June 2019

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Rescue Therapy of Delayed Gastric Perforation Caused by an External Drainage Using an Over-the-Scope Clip
Authors: Seicean Andrada , Cruciat Carmen , Motocu Radu , Pojoga Cristina , Gheorghiu Marcel , Seicean Radu
Published: June 2019

This case reports a iatrogenic gastric fistula due to external draining successfully closed by using an over- the-scope clip. A 50-year old patient with a history of acute pancreatitis, segmental portal hypertension and splenectomy for splenic rupture, with long-term external drainage for a low volume pancreatic fistula, was referred to our hospital. The patient noticed the occurrence of a sudden increase of the drain flow and the immediate drainage of ingested liquid, with no fever or pain. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy evidenced the gastric fistula with the presence of the drain inside the stomach near a gastric varix. The surgical approach was inappropriate due to bleeding risk. An over-the-scop clip was placed succeeding to stop the gastric flow. The external fistula closed one week later.
Colombia y su proyección internacional: ¿cómo entender su reciente adhesión a organizaciones internacionales en un escenario de crisis del multilateralismo?
Authors: Rueda-Fiorentino Mariangela , Osorio- Pereira José Fernando
Published: June 2019

En la actual coyuntura política internacional son cada vez más numerosas las experiencias que empiezan a cuestionar la institucionalidad formal actual y el multilateralismo, no obstante, Colombia parece ir en contravía: ¿cómo entender su reciente inclusión a organizaciones internacionales en esta coyuntura? Ante dicho interrogante, este artículo propone el análisis de cuatro posibles motivaciones y expectativas —liderazgo regional, mayor oferta de cooperación y generación de un vecindario seguro, refuerzo de las estrategias de desarrollo y atracción de inversión extranjera— frente al reciente ingreso a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y su vinculación como socio global de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN). Dicho análisis lleva a concluir que las recientes adhesiones de Colombia podrían estar relacionadas con un interés en empezar un camino hacia la consolidación de sí misma, como una potencia media regional y un socio estratégico internacional.
Materials for lower limb prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets: Evolution and associated skin problems
Authors: Quintero-Quiroz Catalina , Pérez Vera Zasúlich
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Sockets and interfaces are important elements for lower limb orthoses and prostheses, as they allow for proper contact and fit between the devices and the affected limb or stump.Objective: To review the different polymers used in the development of lower limb sockets and external prosthetic and orthotic interfaces, their functional requirements and the possible skin problems caused by their use.Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the databases EBSCO, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Scopus.Results: 47 articles and papers that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Thermoplastics, thermosets, foams, gels and elastomers are among the polymers used for manufacturing prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets. However, studies estimate that between 32% and 90.9% of the population that use these devices have experienced skin problems on the affected stump or limb, such as excessive sweating, wounds and irritation.Conclusion: There is a clear need for further research to develop prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets for lower limbs that can prevent or control damage to the skin of users.
Validación de una herramienta para revelar diagnóstico de VIH a niños y adolescentes
Authors: Trejos-Herrera Ana María , Alarcón-Vásquez Yolima , Pino-Melgarejo Mariana , Mebarak-Chams Moises
Published: June 2019

Introducción. La revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a niños y adolescentes ha tenido beneficios y desafíos para las familias afectadas.Objetivo. Validar la herramienta “Mi Dragón Dormido” para el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a menores de 15 años.Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 10 jueces expertos y 40 cuidadores de niños seropositivos y seronegativos para VIH mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se administraron cuestionarios estructurados para evaluar cinco componentes de eficacia y se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos y tabulación mediante el programa IBM SPSS Versión 24.Resultados. Jueces expertos y cuidadores determinaron que el formato y los mensajes fueron claros y favorecieron la identificación y aceptación. También indicaron que la herramienta permitió un cambio de comportamiento en el público objetivo.Conclusión. La herramienta es válida para apoyar el proceso de revelación de diagnóstico a niños con VIH y demostró aceptación en población seronegativa, lo que sugiere que puede ser utilizada en hogares y contextos educativos para promover comportamientos que respalden la salud, el bienestar general y la reducción de prácticas discriminatorias hacia las personas con VIH.
Split-night polysomnography at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá
Authors: Osuna-Suárez Edgar , Zamora-Gómez Adrián Camilo , Martínez-Rubio Carlos Fernando , Valencia-Mendoza María Camila , Guzmán-Prado Yuli , Venegas-Mariño Marco Aurelio , Patiño-Fernández Gustavo Andrés
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is usually established using polysomnography (PSG). Most patients diagnosed with this condition receive treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The conventional approach requires performing a full-night PSG and CPAP titration over a two-night stay in a sleep laboratory, which is costly and may present scheduling difficulties. However, the combined use of polysomnography and CPAP titration in a single night, procedure known as split-night polysomnography (SNPSG), is less-expensive and is a time saving strategy for diagnosis and treatment.Objectives: To characterize the SNPSG studies conducted in the sleep laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá (HUFSFB) and assess their performance in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational and longitudinal study performed on a sample of 221 patients.Results: 208 (94.1%) SNPSG studies were compatible with OSAHS. Most cases (54.7%) had a hypopnea apnea index (AHI) ≥30. Adequate CPAP titration was achieved in 78% of patients who had severe AHI (p=0.00).Conclusions: OSAHS was diagnosed and an adequate CPAP titration was achieved in most of the SNPSG studies of the analyzed sample.
Mortalidad materna en Ambato, Ecuador. 2005-2014
Authors: Moreno-Martín Gustavo , Martínez-Martínez Ronelsys , Moreno-Martín Mónica , Fernández-Nieto Miriam Ivonne , Sanabria-Negrín José Guillermo
Published: June 2019

Introducción. La mortalidad materna (MM) es uno de los indicadores sanitarios que evidencia con mayor claridad la inequidad de género para la toma de decisiones y la exclusión social, esto toda vez que demanda una intervención médica urgente encaminada a prevenir una muerte.Objetivo. Exponer la magnitud y la tendencia de la MM en el cantón Ambato entre los años 2005 y 2014.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de las muertes maternas ocurridas en Ambato entre los años 2005 y 2014. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por las 46 muertes maternas ocurridas y 51 947 nacidos vivos.Resultados. Se evidenció un ascenso significativo de la natalidad (r=0.652, p=0.041) y en el número de nacidos vivos con asistencia profesional (r=0.894, p=0.000); la razón de MM acumulada en el periodo fue de 88.6, con una tendencia al descenso no significativa (r=0.12 p=0.743). La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo fue la primera causa directa de MM (n=17, 41.5%).Conclusiones. La natalidad ha ido en ascenso y la tendencia de la MM a lo largo de 10 años no ha mostrado cambios significativos. La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo ha sido la principal causa de MM.
Razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Moruno-Miralles Pedro , Talavera-Valverde Miguel Ángel , Reyes-Torres Adriana
Published: June 2019

Introducción. El razonamiento clínico ordena el procesamiento de la información obtenida durante la evaluación, facilitando tomar decisiones para implementar planes de tratamiento. Esta área es cada vez más relevante para la formación de estudiantes y profesionales de terapia ocupacional. Objetivo. Analizar la literatura sobre razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional publicada entre 2009 y 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos, repositorios institucionales, monografías y literatura gris de alcance. Se establecieron criterios de selección para la obtención de documentos que luego se analizaron estableciendo un conjunto de variables que permitieron el análisis de la literatura. Resultados. La literatura sobre razonamiento clínico en el período estudiado fue de 99 publicaciones, más de la mitad que en los 33 años anteriores. El razonamiento clínico en el ámbito docente es el de mayor impacto (41.4%); 52.5% son publicaciones que mejoran la práctica con sus aportes al reforzar el desarrollo de destrezas profesionales y la calidad de las intervenciones. Conclusión. El aumento de la investigación sobre razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional dota a esta área de conocimiento y rigor, mejorando así la eficacia de los terapeutas ocupacionales.
Comments on split-night polysomnography
Authors: Liendo Alicia , Liendo César
Published: June 2019

The need for speeding up the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing has increased in recent years. In order to achieve that, a split-night protocol has been implemented, in which the patient with suspected sleep-disordered breathing undergoes a diagnostic and therapeutic study in one night. Elshaug et al. (1), by using the split-night protocol, were able to reduce the time to initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy by 15% in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. However, reviewing the limitations of said protocol is necessary to make it more streamline.
A Novel Approach to Preparing Students for the Medical College Admission Test: Passage-Centered Learning (PCL)
Authors: Kadavakollu Samuel , Shipley Timothy
Published: June 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. With the United States facing a severe deficit of physicians, it is imperative that as many students as possible be placed into the "physician pipeline". Current teaching methods are not entirely adequate for preparing college students for the rigors of the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), the gateway to medical school. To resolve this issue, we propose a new teaching method called Passage-centered Learning (PCL). This method enhances the ability of students to perform well on the passage-heavy MCAT by promoting critical thinking and application of concepts through the extensive use of passages during the learning process. This method could also be used to prepare students for several other entrance examinations required by various professional schools.
A systems approach to urban water services in the context of integrated energy and water planning: A City of Cape Town case study
Authors: Ahjum Fadiel , Stewart Theodor J
Published: June 2019

The City of Cape Town derives the bulk of its present water supply from surface water resources and is the central water service authority for metropolitan consumers. The City is also a provider of bulk water to neighbouring municipalities. An exploration of the energy consumption for water and sanitation services for the City of Cape Town was conducted with an emphasis on water supply augmentation options for the near future (2011-2030). A systems analysis of municipal urban water services was undertaken to examine the energy requirements of supply alternatives and the efficacy of the alternatives in respect of supply availability and reliability. This was achieved using scenario based analysis incorporating a simple additive value function, to obtain a basic performance score, to rank alternatives and facilitate a quantitative comparison. Utilising the Water Evaluation and Planning hydrological modelling tool, a model for urban water services was developed for the City and used to conduct scenario analyses for a representative portfolio of previously identified options. Within the scope of the research objectives, the scenario analyses examines the direct energy consumption for the provision of water services for the City as influenced by external factors such as population growth, surface water runoff variability, available alternatives and the policies that are adopted which ultimately determine the future planning. It is contended that the modelling process presented here integrates energy and water planning for an assessment of water and energy resources required for future growth, and the optimal measures that could be pursued to reconcile the demand for water and the concomitant energy requirements.
Improving stability of utility-tied wind generators using dynamic voltage restorer
Authors: Sivasankar G , Kumar V Suresh
Published: June 2019

The generation of electricity using wind power is significantly increasing and has received considerable attention in recent years. One important problem with the induction generator based wind farms is that they are vulnerable to voltage disturbances and short circuit faults. Any such disturbance may cause wind farm outages. Since wind power contribution is in considerable percentage, such outages may lead to power system stability issues and also violate the grid code requirements. Thus, improving the reliability of wind farms is essential to maintain the stability of the system. The proposed strategy is to use Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is one of the promising devices to compensate the voltage disturbance and to improve the stability of the system. It provides the wind generator with the fault ride through capability and improves the reliability of the system. Extensive simulation results are included to illustrate the operation of DVR and fault compensation.
Dynamic performance improvement of wind farms equipped with three SCIG generators using STATCOM
Authors: Hasnaoui Othman , Allagui Mehdi
Published: June 2019

The main causes of wind farms disconnection from the grid is the three-phase grid faults at the point common coupling (PCC) e.g. the voltage dip. The use of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) which is from the family of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices can be used effectively in a wind park based on FSIG to provide transient voltage and to improve wind system stability. Due to the asynchronous operation nature, system instability of wind farms based on FSIG (Fixed Speed Induction Generator) is largely caused by the reactive power absorption by FSIG because due to the large rotor slip during grid fault. STATCOM contributes to control the grid voltage at PCC and maintain wind farm connection to the grid during some severe conditions of grid faults and used for power flow control and for damping power system oscillations. The evaluation of this control strategy using (STATCOM) is investigated in terms of regulation reactive power and transient stability of the wind farm during grid disturbances.
A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions
Authors: Pretorius Ilze Pretorius , Piketh Stuart , Burger Roelof , Neomagus Hein
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates trends of historical and projected future South African coal-fired power station criteria (total primary Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. It was found that an energy restricted environment has an increasing effect on emissions, as emissions per energy unit increased from the onset of the South African energy crisis. PM emissions particularly, increased during the energy crisis period, due to increased pressure on PM abatement and lowered maintenance opportunity. Projections of future coal-fired power station criteria and CO2 emissions are made for four different future scenarios for the period 2015 to 2030. Three of the four scenarios are based on the lower projected energy demand baseline case as published in the updated Integrated Development Plan (IRP). The difference between these three scenarios is different retrofit rates of power stations with emissions abatement technologies. The fourth scenario is a worst case scenario and assumes high energy demand (and therefore no decommissioning of power stations), high emission rates (similar to worst past emission rates during the period 1999-2012) and no further abatement of emissions above and beyond current mitigation efforts. This scenario gives an indication of what South African coal-fired power station emissions could look like if the energy crisis persists. There is a marked difference between projected best and worst case PM emissions during the entire projected period, but especially during 2030 when worst case PM emissions compared to a 2015 baseline value are expected to rise by 40% and best case PM emissions are projected to decline by 40%. Worst case NOx emissions are expected to increase by 40% in 2030 from a 2015 baseline value whereas best case emissions are expected to decline 10% from the same level in 2030. Worst case SO2 emissions are predicted to increase by around 38% in 2030 and best case emissions are expected to decrease by around 20% in 2030 from a 2015 baseline value. Relative emissions used in the projection of future CO2 emissions in this paper differ from that used in the energy demand and energy mix modelling done for the updated IRP baseline case. The reason for this is that the modelling for the updated IRP assumed relative CO2 emission factors for supercritical boilers, whereas only Kusile and Medupi fall in this category and relative emissions from all other stations are, in fact, between 5% and 16% higher. For this reason, it seems unlikely that the South African climate commitment target for 2030 will be made.
Modelling energy supply options for electricity generations in Tanzania
Authors: Kichonge Baraka , John Geoffrey R. , Mkilaha Iddi S. N.
Published: June 2019

The current study applies an energy-system model to explore energy supply options in meeting Tanzania’s electricity demands projection from 2010 to 2040. Three economic scenarios namely; business as usual (BAU), low economic consumption scenario (LEC) and high economic growth scenario (HEC) were developed for modelling purposes. Moreover, the study develops a dry weather scenario to explore how the country’s electricity system would behave under dry weather conditions. The model results suggests: If projected final electricity demand increases as anticipated in BAU, LEC and HEC scenarios, the total installed capacity will expand at 9.05%, 8.46% and 9.8% respectively from the base value of 804.2MW. Correspondingly, the model results depict dominance of hydro, coal, natural gas and geothermal as least-cost energy supply options for electricity generation in all scenarios. The alternative dry weather scenario formulated to study electricity system behaviour under uncertain weather conditions suggested a shift of energy supply option to coal and natural gas (NG) dominance replacing hydro energy. The least cost optimization results further depict an insignificant contribution of renewable energy technologies in terms of solar thermal, wind and solar PV into the total generation shares. With that regard, the renewable energy penetration policy option (REPP), as an alternative scenario suggests the importance of policy options that favour renewable energy technologies inclusion in electricity generation. Sensitivity analysis on the discount rate to approximate the influence of discount rate on the future pattern of electricity generation capacity demonstrated that lower values favour wind and coal fired power plants, while higher values favour the NG technologies. Finally, the modelling results conclude the self-sufficiency of the country in generating future electricity using its own energy resources.
Options for the supply of electricity to rural homes in South Africa
Authors: Jamal Noor
Published: June 2019

The residential sector in South Africa is being electrified by the South African government on a priority basis. For this purpose, both grid and off-grid electrification options are being used. As off-grid option, 50 Watt Solar Home Systems (SHS) is being provided to consumers in remote rural areas where grid connection is inaccessible. But the SHS of the mentioned size can hardly produce 0.3 to 0.4 kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity per day, even under the best solar conditions. This electric energy is substantially lesser than the Basic Electric Energy (BEE = 50 kWh per month), being utilized in the country free of cost by grid connected low income households. In this research work, efforts have been made to determine the most economical options in South Africa’s rural areas with off-grid capacity equivalent to BEE. For analysis, off-grid/micro grid options have been compared not only with one another but also with grid connection. To incorporate renewable resources spatial variations, the work has been carried out at provincial level with the period 2014 to 2050. From analysis, it has been found that currently grid-connection is marginally better than off-grid options. But due to increasing grid connection cost and development in the off-grid technologies, the later with generation equivalent to BEE will be a more attractive option to electrify South African rural areas.
Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell
Authors: Khan Abdul Majeed , Obaid Muhammad
Published: June 2019

This article demonstrates the new approaches for the generation of bioelectricity from waste citrus fruit using direct a galvanic cell (DGC), an indirect galvanic cell (IDGC), a conventional fuel cell (CFC) and a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The citrus fruit was used as whole for the preparation of DGC and their juices for the preparation of IDGC, CFC and MFC. The performance and bioelectrical parameters obtained were compared. The voltage found to be increased by increasing the number of cells in a series while, the current remains constant. Whereas the voltage remains constant and the current found to be increased with increasing the number of cells in parallel sequence. The power output of three units of citrus fruit connected together in a series found to be sufficient to turn on the LED light bulb in all cases. The result showed that lemons have the maximum power output by the DGC and MFC method, whereas grapefruit showed the maximum power output by IDGC, and thus considered as the best citrus fruit. Addition of NaCl solution in DGC and IDGC slightly increased the values of power output. The power output of citrus fruit was also determined by CFC and MFC before and after the inoculation of Escherichia coli. The detailed microscopic analysis of all the samples was carried out. It is found that all MFCs have higher power output as compared to their counterpart CFCs. However, maximum power output was displayed by DGCs. Moreover, a lemon fuel cell has the higher power output as compared to the fuel cells of other citrus fruit. This approach can be used to overcome the disadvantages of many non-renewable and conventional sources of energy including burning of fossil fuels to mitigate the major source of global warming and pollution by using such biodegradable and renewable sources.
Efficiency analysis of an induction motor with direct torque and flux control at a hot rolling mill
Authors: Gouws Rupert
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an efficiency analysis of an induction motor with direct torque and flux control at a hot rolling mill in South Africa. Two scenarios were evaluated: 1) where the induction motor was controlled at a constant speed with a variable thickness slab; and 2) where the speed of the induction motor was controlled according to the thickness of the slab. Both scenarios used the speed as reference to control the torque and flux of the induction motor. A comparison on the energy consumption of the induction motor for both scenarios was done by means of a detailed simulation model. The simulation model for this specific case study is explained in detail. The results obtained showed an increase in the efficiency of the induction motor from the original system (scenario 1) to the improved system (scenario 2). Part of this paper provides an overview on hot rolling mills.