bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological variation of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae): contrast between natural and managed populations
Authors: Galván-Hernández Dulce María , Macedo-Villareal Manuel Alejandro , Núñez de Cáceres-González Francisco Federico , Sánchez-González Arturo , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo
Published: August 2018

Background and Aims: Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) is a tropical tree native to America with an important international trade market. In this study, the morphological variation of C. odorata was compared among three conditions: logging, plantations, and natural populations, with the objective to evaluate the current condition of managed populations after harvesting and in plantations, in contrast to relatively well-preserved populations.Methods: Two sites were chosen for each condition. The population density and four morphological attributes were measured: diameter at breast height, height, angle of branch insertion and crown form. A multivariate approach was used to compare the morphological variation among conditions (generalized discriminant factors analysis) and determine total variation distributed among size classes (cluster analysis), as well as assignment of these classes to each condition (canonical correspondence analysis).Key results: Four significantly different size classes were identified among all populations with specific association to condition. Strongest correlations were between highest trees with natural populations and small trees with plantations. Forest management, including harvesting and plantation conditions, reduced the phenotypical variation and modified the dasometrical attributes of C. odorata. The logging of the better shaped phenotypes increased the smaller size trees frequency compared to commercial size individuals, and changed the forest composition favoring small categories.Conclusions: The forest exploitation generates homogenization in median height-class and the plantation in lower height-class. In both cases, the harvestable trees are scarce, even after 20 years of management; and they are non-existent in plantations of 15 years. These results suggest that the removal of the highest trees, as well as forest plantations, are not being effective to wood production since they do not reach commercial sizes in the time of recovery or projected growth.
Evaluation of Some Specific Primer Sets Development for Detecting Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropic Race 4 (Foc TR4) Originating from Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Yudha , Wibowo Arif , Widiastuti Ani , Subandiyah Siti , Widinugraheni Sri , Rep Martijn
Published: August 2018

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropic race 4 (Foc TR4) strain which belong to Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213 is the most devastating disease in global banana production. Validation of specific primer sets using the positive control (Foc TR4). In total, 50 isolates of Foc are collected from several banana production regions in Indonesia represent the group of VCG, races, genotype, cultivars, which are confirmed as Foc based on the tested using FocEf3 primer set, except Cjr-2 and Lmp-4 isolates. Foc-1/Foc-2 could amplify 34 Foc isolates included in Foc race 4. Three specific primer sets i.e. TR4-F/TR4-R, Six-1c, and TR4-F2/TR4-R1 are used to classify Foc isolates into Foc tropic race 4. TR4-F/TR4-R is known have the highest specificity as it could amplify 35 Foc isolates including positive controls (Foc TR4) compared to the other primer sets (Six-1c and TR4-F2/TR4-R1). This research indicates that there are a large number of diversity strains found in Foc isolates to be studied for further research. Race 4 of Foc (STR4 or TR4) is known to be widespread in several regions in Indonesia. Therefore, specific primer set development needs to be done to detect Foc TR4 and the most damaging strains on Foc TR4 based on molecular data.IntisariFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ras 4 tropika (Foc TR4) yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok VCG 01213 merupakan patogen yang paling merusak dalam produksi tanaman pisang secara global. Validasi primer spesifik berbasis PCR menggunakan kontrol positif (Foc TR4). Total, 50 isolat Foc dikoleksi dari  beberapa daerah produksi pisang di Indonesia mewakili VCG, ras, genotipe dan kultivar yang dikonfirmasi sebagai isolat Foc berdasarkan pengujian menggunakan primer FocEf3, kecuali isolat Cjr-2 dan Lmp-4. Foc-1/Foc-2 dapat mengamplifikasi 34 isolat Foc yang termasuk ke dalam Foc ras 4. Selanjutnya tiga pasang primer spesifik yaitu TR4-F/TR4-R, Six-1c, dan TR4-F2/TR4-R1 digunakan untuk mengelompokkan isolat-isolat tersebut ke dalam isolat Foc ras 4 tropika. TR4-F/TR4-R diketahui memiliki spesifitas tertinggi karena dapat mengamplifikasi sebanyak 35 isolat Foc termasuk kontrol positif (Foc TR4) dibandingkan dengan primer lainnya (Six-1c dan TR4-F2/TR4-R1). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sejumlah besar keragaman strain yang terlihat pada isolat-isolat Foc tersebut untuk dapat dipelajari lebih lanjut. Ras 4 dari Foc (STR4 atau TR4) diketahui tersebar luas pada beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengembangan primer spesifik untuk mendeteksi Foc TR4 dan strain yang paling merusak pada Foc TR4 berdasarkan data molekuler.
Online video on climate change: a comparison between television and web formats
Authors: De Lara Alicia , García-Avilés Jose A. , Revuelta Gema
Published: August 2018

This article proposes a classification of the current differences between online videos produced specifically for television and online videos produced for the Internet, based on online audiovisual production on climate change. The classification, which consists of 18 formats divided into two groups that allow comparisons to be made between television and web formats, was created through the quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a sample of 300 videos. The findings show that online video's capacity to generate visits is greater when it has been designed to be broadcast on the Internet than when produced for television.
Science communication and the public intellectual: a view from philosophy
Authors: Stokes Patrick
Published: August 2018

While science communication has become increasingly professionalised, philosophers have been far less active in, and reflective about, how we talk to the public. In thinking about the relationship between the ‘public intellectual’ and science communication, however,  philosophy has some important contributions to make, despite the differences of content and disciplinary approach. What, then, can both these professions learn from each other about how to engage with the public - and the risks that this might involve?
Evolution of a public intellectual: coral reef biologist Jeremy Jackson
Authors: Olson Randy
Published: August 2018

This commentary is both a case study of the evolution of one public intellectual, and an analysis of how he has broadened his voice beyond the standard academic bubble. His story gives a perspective on the question of, “How do public intellectuals get their start?” They almost certainly begin as “mere” intellectuals — the public part comes later. But how? How does a studious academic go from following the media to being part of the media?
Babelfish and the peculiar symbiosis of public intellectualism and academia
Authors: Walker Kylie
Published: August 2018

Arthur Dent's reluctant hitchhike through the Milky Way would not have been possible without the babelfish, which was nourished by his brain waves and in return decoded foreign languages for him. In much the same way, public intellectuals serve as science and technology academia's babelfish for the non-STEM savvy. While STEM academics continue to push back the frontiers of knowledge, public intellectuals equip the community with the knowledge we need to make big decisions, both for our own individual lives and for our society.
Considering the academy: academics, public intellectuals and activism
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

Reflecting on the public role of academics, this issue of JCOM includes a set of commentaries exploring public intellectuals and intellectualism. The commentaries explore the role of academics in public debates, both as bringers of facts and passion. These pieces, together with past commentaries and letters to JCOM raise interesting questions about the role of academics in public debates that are, perhaps not those usually trodden in the academic literature.
Building the economic-public relationship: learning from science communication and science studies.
Authors: Medvecky Fabien , Macknight Vicki
Published: August 2018

There is a gap between the discipline of economics and the public it is supposedly about and for. This gap is reminiscent of the divide that led to movements for the public understanding of and public engagement with the natural sciences. It is a gap in knowledge, trust, and opinions, but most of all it is a gap in engagement. In this paper we ask: What do we need to think about ― and what do we need to do ― in order to bring economics and its public into closer dialogue? At stake is engaged, critical democracy. We turn to the fields of public understanding of science and science studies for our approach, finding three themes of particular relevance: understanding, expertise, and audience. We then discuss participatory budgeting (PB) as an example of fertile ground for engagement. We argue that with an economic-engagement focus, activities such as PB could be extended into the public-economics gap and provide avenues for an economic equivalent of participatory science: a form of participatory economics.
Science communication as a field of research: identifying trends, challenges and gaps by analysing research papers
Authors: Guenther Lars , Joubert Marina
Published: August 2018

Research in the field of science communication started emerging about 50 years ago and has since then matured as a field of academic enquiry. Early findings about research-active authors and countries reveal that scholarly activity in the field has traditionally been dominated by male authors from English-speaking countries in the West. The current study is a systematic, bibliographic analysis of a full sample of research papers that were published in the three most prominent journals in the field from 1979 to 2016. The findings reveal that early inequities remain prevalent, but also that there are indications that recent increases in research outputs and trends in authorship patterns ― for example the growth in female authorship ― are beginning to correct some of these imbalances. Furthermore, the current study verifies earlier indications that science communication research is becoming increasingly institutionalised and internationalised, as demonstrated by an upward trend in papers reflecting cross-institutional collaboration and the diversity of countries where authors are based.
Big data and digital methods in science communication research: opportunities, challenges and limits
Authors: Pitrelli Nico
Published: August 2018

Computational social science represents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of reality based on advanced computer tools. From economics to political science, from journalism to sociology, digital approaches and techniques for the analysis and management of large quantities of data have now been adopted in several disciplines. The papers in this JCOM commentary focus on the use of such approaches and techniques in the research on science communication. As the papers point out, the most significant advantages of a computational approach in this sector include the chance to open up a range of new research opportunities: from the study of technical and scientific controversies to citizen science, from the definition of new norms and practices for science journalism to open science issues. On the other hand, difficulties are shared with other areas of application. The main risk is that the large quantity of data available can overwhelm the importance of theory. Instead, as the papers in this commentary demonstrate, big data should push scientists to pursue a deeper epistemological and methodological reflection also in the research on science communication.
The landscape of online visual communication of science
Authors: Rigutto Cristina
Published: August 2018

Online visual communication of science focuses on interactive sharing and participatory collaboration rather than simple knowledge dissemination. Visuals need to be stunning to draw people in and engage them, and a cross-media approach together with digital multimedia tools can be used to develop a clear and engaging narrative to communicate complex scientific topics. On the web both science communicators and the public manage co-create, shape, modify, decontextualise and share visuals. When it happens that low science literacy publics devoid a picture of its information assets, caption or source, they distort image meaning and perpetuate misinformation.
Hollyweird Science ― A symposium at the 253rd Annual meeting of the American Chemical Society. San Francisco 3 & 4 April 2017
Authors: Stengler Erik
Published: August 2018

Science in film is gaining attention from scientists and science communicators. Sixteen experts gathered at the 253rd Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society to explore the role and relevance of science in film. An audience of researchers, academics and students enjoyed first-hand accounts from filmmakers, science consultants and experts in science communication, who all agreed on the important impact the way science is depicted in film has on education, outreach and the relationship between science and society.
Good Nuclear Neighbours: the British electricity industry and the communication of nuclear power to the public, 1950s–1980s
Authors: Lean Thomas , Horrocks Sally
Published: August 2018

Between the 1950s and the 1980s the British nuclear industry engaged with ordinary people in a wide range of ways. These included articles in the print media, exhibitions and educational resources as well as through open days, developing nature reserves and building relations with the local communities around nuclear sites. This paper draws on recently collected oral history interviews and archival material to consider what was one of the largest and best resourced efforts to communicate science to the British public between the 1950s and the 1980s.
A historical kaleidoscope of public communication of science and technology
Authors: Massarani Luisa , Moreira Ildeu , Lewenstein Bruce
Published: August 2018

Science communication is today a well-established ―although young― area of research. However, there are only a few books and papers analyzing how science communication has developed historically. Aiming to, in some way, contribute to filling this gap, JCOM organized this special issue on the History of Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST), joining 15 contributions, from different parts of the globe. The papers published in this issue are organized in three groups, though with diffuse boundaries: geography, media, and discipline. The first group contains works that deal descriptively and critically with the development of PCST actions and either general or specific public policies for this area in specific countries. A second set of papers examines aspects of building science communication on TV or in print media. The third group of papers presents and discusses important PCST cases in specific areas of science or technology at various historical moments.
Narratives as a mode of research evaluation in citizen science: understanding broader science communication impacts
Authors: Constant Natasha , Roberts Liz
Published: August 2018

Science communicators develop qualitative and quantitative tools to evaluate the ‘impact’ of their work however narrative is rarely adopted as a form of evaluation. We posit narrative as an evaluative approach for research projects with a core science communication element and offer several narrative methods to be trialled. We use citizen science projects as an example of science communication research seeking to gain knowledge of participant-emergent themes via evaluations. Storied experience of participant involvement enhances understanding of context-based and often intangible processes, such as changing place-relations, values, and self-efficacy, by enabling a reflective space for critical-thinking and self-reflection.
Science communication: process, power and politics
Authors: Broks Peter
Published: August 2018

The “post-truth” age of “alternative facts” suggests both the urgent need for effective science communication and also its failure over the past thirty years. Two sessions at the Science in Public conference explored what could be done. Responsible Research and Innovation is presented as one possible way forward with the NUCLEUS project offered as an example. The result would be to transform “science communication” so that public engagement shares not only knowledge but the power that goes with it.
The changing face of expertise and the need for knowledge transfer
Authors: Berditchevskaia Aleksandra , Regalado Cindy , Van Duin Stephan
Published: August 2018

New public participatory modes of practice are emerging in fields as diverse as politics, healthcare and research. In part, these DIY and citizen-led initiatives have gained momentum from the optimism of new technologies, which allow unprecedented access to previously inaccessible knowledge and tools. Equally, they are the result of a growing frustration with power hierarchies and systems that reinforce elites. Experts are increasingly regarded with suspicion as trust in public institutions is eroded and individuals begin to give more weight to personal accounts, and information shared within networks of peers. In this climate there is a critical need for improved knowledge transfer practices based on improved empathy, understanding and communication of shared values and motivations. In this session we questioned the role of expertise in a changing landscape of knowledge production and practice. Using the lens of science & technology communication and hands-on DIY practices, we explored how to move towards a more inclusive model of knowledge transfer, where different types of expertise are acknowledged and valued.
Does being human influence science and technology?
Authors: Fogg-Rogers Laura
Published: August 2018

This article addresses two major questions about women and science. Firstly, the commentary looks at the ways science and technology are discussed and represented all around us in society. Secondly, I ask whether this matters. The defining issue is therefore whether or not being human affects the type of science and technology that is conducted and valued within our society. By addressing these questions in science communication, we can add much to the debate about gender diversity and affirmative action being portrayed in our media and culture.
Citizen science: an emerging professional field united in truth-seeking
Authors: Roche Joseph , Davis Nicola
Published: August 2018

CONFERENCE: Citizen Science Association Conference, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A., 17–20th May 2017

The second biennial Citizen Science Association Conference was held from the 17–20th of May 2017 in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The conference is the biggest of its kind in the world and brought together more than 1,000 delegates for hundreds of conference presentations as well as workshops, panels, screenings, a hackathon and a citizen science festival. In this paper we review the history of the conference and outline the key events leading up to the 2017 conference.
The “Gateway Belief” illusion: reanalyzing the results of a scientific-consensus messaging study
Authors: Kahan Dan
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes data collected but not reported in the study featured in van der Linden, Leiserowitz, Feinberg, and Maibach [van der Linden et al., 2015]. VLFM report finding that a “scientific consensus” message “increased” experiment subjects' “key beliefs about climate change” and “in turn” their “support for public action” to mitigate it. However, VLFM fail to report that message-exposed subjects' “beliefs about climate change” and “support for public action” did not vary significantly, in statistical or practical terms, from those of a message-unexposed control group. The paper also shows how this absence of an experimental effect was obscured by a misspecified structural equation model.
Gateway illusion or cultural cognition confusion?
Authors: van der Linden Sander , Leiserowitz Anthony , Maibach Edward
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we respond to the critiques presented by [Kahan, 2017]. Contrary to claims that the scientific consensus message did not significantly influence the key mediator and outcome variables in our model, we show that the experiment in [van der Linden et al., 2015] did in fact directly influence key beliefs about climate change. We also clarify that the Gateway Belief Model (GBM) is theoretically well-specified, empirically sound, and as hypothesized, the consensus message exerts a significant indirect influence on support for public action through the mediating variables. We support our conclusions with a large-scale replication.
Universities, science communication and professionalism
Authors: Trench Brian
Published: August 2018

This essay examines several distinct roles universities play in science communication, with particular reference to professionalisation in the field. It identifies the ways in which universities have facilitated, even driven, that continuing process. But it also notes the potential and actual contradictions between some of the roles of universities, reflecting current developments in higher education across many different contexts.
A Constrição do Currículo e do Ensino às Exigências das Avaliações Externas como Via para a Obtenção de "Bons" Resultados Educacionais
Authors: Silva Antônia Bruna da , Brasil Cássia Karize de Andrade
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública municipal do Estado do Ceará que, no ano de 2015, ficou entre as cinco escolas do Brasil com melhor Índice de desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A investigação foi conduzida com o escopo de identificar especificidades do trabalho desenvolvido pela escola que corroboraram para a obtenção do referido resultado, analisando se a reordenação do currículo e do ensino em favor das avaliações externas situa-se entre elas. Com base nas informações fornecidas pelo gestor e pelo professor entrevistados, percebeu-se que o alinhamento do currículo e do ensino às avaliações externas tem sido adotado na escola estudada. Todavia, o resultado obtido pela escola não é creditado apenas a essa prática especificamente, mas a uma série de fatores que têm a exaltação da aprendizagem como princípio orientador.
Transparência Pública: Análise Em Portais De Transparência Do Poder Executivo Municipal Do Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Luan Lopes , Pfitscher Elisete Dahmer , Da Rosa Fabricia Silva , Cardoso Thuine Lopes , Da Costa Camila Brehm
Published: August 2018

Perante a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento da transparência pública avaliou-se a transparência da gestão pública em portais. Assim, detectou-se o seguinte problema: Como está a transparência ativa, divulgada por meio dos portais, dos maiores municípios brasileiros? Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo geral analisar o estado de transparência ativa, divulgada por meio dos portais, dos maiores municípios brasileiros. Quanto aos resultados, mensurou-se o desempenho dos municípios, que foi de 25,27 pontos. Os municípios com melhor status quo de transparência foram Porto Alegre – RS, Codó – MA e Balneário Camboriú – SC. Já os três municípios com os piores status quo foram: Sapucaia do Sul – RS, Camaragibe – PE e Barra Mansa – RJ. Foram identificas oportunidades de melhoria da transparência, como a adesão integral aos normativos de acesso à informação; a maior exploração das mídias sócias; a elaboração de mapas e manuais discriminando fatores relacionados à funcionalidade de seus portais.
O que se “ensina” no Ensino Superior: avaliando conhecimentos, competências, valores e atitudes
Authors: Dias Diana , Soares Diana , Marinho-Araújo Claisy , Almeida Leandro Silva
Published: August 2018

A educação superior contemporânea contempla a promoção de valores cívicos e éticos que visam a transformação da sociedade. Esta missão implica não só veicular competências técnico-científicas como promover competências transversais, fundamentais nos vários domínios de atuação profissional. Cada vez mais, a tendência para a conjugação de conhecimentos e competências, a par de valores e atitudes sociais, cívicas e éticas se concretiza nos currícula e nas práticas pedagógicas. Numa análise qualitativa, este estudo explora os perfis de competências apresentados pelas Instituições de Educação Superior em Portugal. Os resultados destacam a primazia dos conhecimentos e competências técnico-científicas. O desenvolvimento cognitivo do estudante continua a ser mais valorizado, pese embora a tendência, ainda que ténue, de uma crescente valorização das atitudes e dos valores cívicos enquanto produto de um Ensino Superior de qualidade.
Fear of cancer recurrence and social support among Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors
Authors: Wijayanti Tri , Afiyanti Yati , Rahmah Hayuni , Milanti Ariesta
Published: August 2018

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence is a long-term psychological problem of the cancer survivors regardless of the type of cancer. A growing number of studies had addressed fear of cancer recurrence, yet they are largely focused on the breast cancer survivors of the western world countries. This study investigates the fear of cancer recurrence and its relations to social support in Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors. Methods: Gynecological cancer survivors (n = 153) in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia completed Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, socio-demographic and clinically-related characteristics questionnaires. Pearson r correlation tests, t-tests, and ANOVAs were used to identify the relationships between variables, and linear regression to determine to what extent the social support may predict the survivors? fear of recurrence. Results: Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors with higher social support were more likely to experience lower levels of fear of cancer recurrence. Whereas, having a family history of cancer was an important predictor of fear of cancer recurrence levels. Conclusion: Social support plays an essential role in predicting fear of cancer recurrence among Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors.
Somatostatin Is Only Partly Required for the Glucagonostatic Effect of Glucose but Is Necessary for the Glucagonostatic Effect of KATP Channel Blockers
Authors: Lai Bao-Khanh , Chae Heeyoung , Gómez-Ruiz Ana , Cheng Panpan , Gallo Paola , Antoine Nancy , Beauloye Christophe , Jonas Jean-Christophe , Seghers Victor , Seino Susumu , Gilon Patrick
Published: August 2018

The mechanisms of control of glucagon secretion are largely debated. In particular, the paracrine role of somatostatin (SST) is unclear. We studied its role in the control of glucagon secretion by glucose and KATP channel blockers, using perifused islets and the in situ perfused pancreas. The involvement of SST was evaluated by comparing glucagon release of control tissue or tissue without paracrine influence of SST (pertussis toxin–treated islets, or islets or pancreas from Sst−/− mice). We show that removal of the paracrine influence of SST suppresses the ability of KATP channel blockers or KATP channel ablation to inhibit glucagon release, suggesting that in control islets, the glucagonostatic effect of KATP channel blockers/ablation is fully mediated by SST. By contrast, the glucagonostatic effect of glucose in control islets is mainly independent of SST for low glucose concentrations (0–7 mmol/L) but starts to involve SST for high concentrations of the sugar (15–30 mmol/L). This demonstrates that the glucagonostatic effect of glucose only partially depends on SST. Real-time quantitative PCR and pharmacological experiments indicate that the glucagonostatic effect of SST is mediated by two types of SST receptors, SSTR2 and SSTR3. These results suggest that alterations of the paracrine influence of SST will affect glucagon release.
Whole-Organism Chemical Screening Identifies Modulators of Pancreatic β-Cell Function
Authors: Matsuda Hiroki , Mullapudi Sri Teja , Yang Yu Hsuan Carol , Masaki Hideki , Hesselson Daniel , Stainier Didier Y.R.
Published: August 2018

β-Cell loss and dysfunction play a critical role in the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Identifying new molecules and/or molecular pathways that improve β-cell function and/or increase β-cell mass should significantly contribute to the development of new therapies for diabetes. Using the zebrafish model, we screened 4,640 small molecules to identify modulators of β-cell function. This in vivo strategy identified 84 stimulators of insulin expression, which simultaneously reduced glucose levels. The insulin promoter activation kinetics for 32 of these stimulators were consistent with a direct mode of action. A subset of insulin stimulators, including the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, induced the coordinated upregulation of gluconeogenic pck1 expression, suggesting functional response to increased insulin action in peripheral tissues. Notably, Kv1.3 inhibitors increased β-cell mass in larval zebrafish and stimulated β-cell function in adult zebrafish and in the streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mouse model. In addition, our data indicate that cytoplasmic Kv1.3 regulates β-cell function. Thus, using whole-organism screening, we have identified new small-molecule modulators of β-cell function and glucose metabolism.
A Systemic Inflammatory Signature Reflecting Cross Talk Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity Is Associated With Incident Polyneuropathy: KORA F4/FF4 Study
Authors: Herder Christian , Kannenberg Julia M. , Carstensen-Kirberg Maren , Strom Alexander , Bönhof Gidon J. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Huth Cornelia , Koenig Wolfgang , Heier Margit , Krumsiek Jan , Peters Annette , Meisinger Christa , Roden Michael , Thorand Barbara , Ziegler Dan
Published: August 2018

Prospective analyses of biomarkers of inflammation and distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) are scarce and limited to innate immunity. We therefore aimed to assess associations between biomarkers reflecting multiple aspects of immune activation and DSPN. The study was based on 127 case subjects with incident DSPN and 386 noncase subjects from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4/FF4 cohort (follow-up 6.5 years). Proximity extension assay technology was used to measure serum levels of biomarkers of inflammation. Of 71 biomarkers assessed, 26 were associated with incident DSPN. After adjustment for multiple testing, higher levels of six biomarkers remained related to incident DSPN. Three of these proteins (MCP-3/CCL7, MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10) were chemokines, and the other three (DNER, CD40, TNFRSF9) were soluble forms of transmembrane receptors. The chemokines had neurotoxic effects on neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Addition of all six biomarkers improved the C statistic of a clinical risk model from 0.748 to 0.783 (P = 0.011). Pathway analyses indicated that multiple cell types from innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the development of DSPN. We thus identified novel associations between biomarkers of inflammation and incident DSPN pointing to a complex cross talk between innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Integrating electronic health records from different sources across the UK: lessons from a record linkage study
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Tingay Karen , Akbari Ashley , Griffiths Lucy , Cortina-Borja Mario , Bedford Helen , Walton Suzanne , Dezateux Carol , Lyons Ronan A
Published: August 2018

BackgroundHarmonisation of different data sources from various electronic health records (EHRs) across systems enhances the potential scope and granularity of data available to health data research.

ObjectiveTo describe data harmonisation of routine electronic healthcare records in Wales and Scotland linked to a UK longitudinal birth cohort, the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS).

MethodsComparable secondary care data was linked, with parental consent, to MCS information for 1838 and 1431 children participating in MCS and residing in Wales and Scotland, by assigning, respectively, unique Anonymised Linkage Fields to personbased records in the privacy protecting Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank at Swansea University, and by the National Health Service (NHS) Information Standards Division. Survey and non-response weights were created to account for the clustered sample, sample attrition and consent to linkage. Heterogeneous variables from the Patient Episode Dataset for Wales, Emergency Department Data Set for Wales, Scottish Medical Record 01 and Accident and Emergency dataset for Scotland were harmonised enabling data to be pooled and standardised for research.

FindingsOverall linkage to harmonised health care data was achieved for 98.9% (99.9% for Wales and 97.6% for Scotland) of consented MCS participants. 66% of children experienced at least one hospital admission (total 5747 hospital admissions) up totheir 14th birthday, while 60% attended A&E departments at least once (total 5221 attendances) between their 9th and 14th birthday. We managed date granularity by generating random dates of birth, standardising periods of data collection,identifying inconsistencies and then mapping and bridging differences in definitions of periods of care across countries and datasets.

ConclusionsCombining and harmonising data from multiple sources and linking them to information from a longitudinal cohort create useful resources for population health research. These methods are reproducible and can be utilised by other researchersand projects.
Load combination of permanent and variable loads
Authors: Poutanen Tuomo Tapani , Pursiainen Sampsa , Mäkinen Jari , Länsivaara Tim
Published: August 2018

This paper concentrates on the combination of permanent and variable loads in the structural probability theory and its implementation in codes. In the current codes, the permanent and variable loads are sometimes combined independently, and sometimes they are combined dependently. We propose that, for the safest outcome in the standardized load estimation, the actual permanent and variable loads should be combined dependently without any load reduction. The load reduction arising from the independent combination leads to an unsafe design. For example, when the permanent and variable loads are both equal to 1, the combination load is 2 if the dependent combination is applied. However, the value predicted by the model for independent load combination is only ca 1.8. Although the load formation processes are independent, the dependent combination is applied since the load formation and the load combination are different processes. To support our view, we present arguments and examples based on probability theory, physics and statics and relate them with the current codes.
Carl Friedrich Gauss (the 240 Anniversary of his Birth)
Authors: Samokhin V. P. , Mescsherinova K. V. , Tikhomirova E. A.
Published: August 2018

A brief review of the major achievements of Andre-Marie Ampere, a prominent French scholar and the founder of electrodynamics and the author of fundamental works in the field of chemistry, biology, linguistics, and philosophy. Provides information about the parents Ampere, interesting facts from his life and work, including details of his self-education, interest in mathematics, chemistry and teaching. Some interesting facts from the history of electrodynamics associated with contributions in this direction Hans Oersted, Francois Arago and Augustin Fresnel. The designs of the two instruments, invented by Ampere for electrodynamic research and discussions with the opponents of the emerging science. Given the introduction of preconditions Ampe rum concepts of voltage, current, and its direction, which became the basis for the withdrawal of Ampere law of interaction of currents, which now bears his name.
The Hole Reaming Features in Hydraulics Parts
Authors: Zemnukhov V. T. , Dreval A. E. , Vinogradov A. S.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with making high-precision holes in the piston-cylinder pair of the cylinder block of axial piston pumps. These holes must meet high process requirements for accuracy, roughness and absence of apparent porosity, risks and other defects on the machined surface. The sequential analysis of technological operations and transitions in making holes allowed us to determine the causes of defects some of which were eliminated while lapping. To eliminate the other ones, additional machining is performed, i.e. a larger diameter tool re-reaming. It is found that some defects (apparent porosity and circumferential scratch marks) on the machined surface arise from the pores and solid inclusions available in the material of the bronze bushings, and the main part of the defects is formed in the final operation, so-called "reverse reaming". The article examines how the reamer design components influence on defects emergency, experimentally defines an optimum width of the reamer lands, and justifies the need for tool retention. A floating chuck was developed and used in the process. The abovementioned measures allowed us to stabilize the hole-making process and reduce the additional machining to eliminate defects by 22%.
Estimated Hydraulic Resistance of Electric Bus Battery Cooling System
Authors: Kuvichka A. I. , Butarovich D. O.
Published: August 2018

Modern electric drive transport largely uses lithium-ion battery packs. Maintaining a certain temperature range allows us to reach optimal output characteristics and long battery life. To perform this task, it is necessary to include a thermostatically controlled system in the battery pack, consisting of an electric pump and radiators to cool the batteries and fluid. One of the stages in development of a thermostatic system is to estimate the pressure head required for the pump, which depends on the hydraulic resistance of the system.

The modular battery pack of an electric bus with an energy capacity of 150 kWh was used as the object of research. The article describes the stepwise calculation of the hydraulic resistance of a radiator using numerical simulation in the software complex Ansys CFX, and also concerns the calculation features of the fluid flow in the pipe. Carries out a comparative analysis to study the influence of the radiator channel shape on the hydraulic resistance on the basis of which an optimal shape of the channels is proposed to provide less resistance for the fluid flow. A mathematical model of the thermostatically controlled system of batteries was developed to determine the required characteristic of the pump. The presented model allows simulation of various schemes to connect the elements of the cooling system of batteries. As a result of calculations it has been found that it is necessary to use a parallel scheme of radiator connection, which provides minimum hydraulic resistance of the system.

The proposed calculation method allows us to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the cooling system components at design stage and, subsequently, using the simulation, to calculate the required pump characteristic.
MOTIVOS QUE INFLUENCIAM A NÃO REALIZAÇÃO DO EXAME DE PAPANICOLAOU
Authors: Silva Carvalho Luane Regina da , Regina Jurado Sonia
Published: August 2018

O câncer de colo de útero (CCU) constitui um problema de saúde pública e é uma doença passível de ser prevenida através do exame de esfregaço vaginal. Esse estudo objetivou apresentar as causas que levam as mulheres a não realização do exame e quais as estratégias elaboradas pelas unidades de saúde para prevenção do CCU. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS. Dentre os fatores determinantes a não adesão das mulheres ao exame destacam-se crenças, tabus, baixa escolaridade, precário nível de informação sobre a gravidade da patologia e desconhecimento da importância do exame preventivo. Portanto, o enfermeiro deve estar atento à falta de adesão ao preventivo pelas mulheres, bem como deve conhecer as causas da não realização do exame preventivo para, então, definir estratégias de intervenções mais eficientes e adequadas às reais necessidades da população feminina.
UTILITY IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PELAYANAN ANC DI BPM Ny.Hj.WARTI’AH, SST PACIRAN LAMONGAN
Authors: Ummah Kholifatul
Published: August 2018

Menurut Badan kesehatan dunia (WHO), angka kematian ibu diseluruh dunia diperkirakan 400 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Berdasarkan hal tersebut, upaya peningkatan persalinan ke tenaga kesehatan menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan sehingga dibutuhkan data untuk mengambarkan kebutuhan utility  ibu hamil terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan populasi 30 ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care sampel yang digunakan total sampel, uji statistika yang digunakan uji chi square, hasil penelitian Reliability berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pelayanan ante natal care hal ini  berarti sebagian besar responden merasa puas dengan pelayanan bidan, hasil penelitian Responsiveness berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pelayanan antenatal care hal ini berarti sebagian besar reponden merasa puas dengan pelayanan bidan, hasil penelitian tangibles berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pelayanan antenatal care hal ini berarti sebagian besar reponden merasa puas dengan pelayanan bidan, hasil penelitian assurance berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pelayanan antenatal care hal ini berarti sebagian besar reponden merasa puas dengan pelayanan bidan, hasil penelitian Emphaty berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pelayanan antenatal care hal ini berarti sebagian besar reponden merasa puas dengan pelayanan bidan hasil kesimpulannya Terdapat hubungan yang siginifikan utility ibu hamil terhadap pelayanan ante natal care di BPM Ny.Hj. Warti’ah, SST Paciran Lamongan
PERAN TEMPAT PENITIPAN ANAK (DAYCARE) TENTANG ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN KOMITMEN IBU BEKERJA UNTUK MENYUSUI DENGAN KEBERHASILAN MENYUSUI SAMPAI USIA 6 BULAN
Authors: Nuraini Indria
Published: August 2018

Menyusui merupakan salah satu pengalaman paling indah yang dialami ibu dan bayi. Sayangnya tidak semua ibu menyadari akan pentingnya menyusui bayinya. ASI adalah makanan utama bayi sehingga tidak ada jenis makanan lainnya yang dapat menandingi kualitas ASI. keuntungan menyusui bagi ibu adalah Menyusui secara eksklusif dapat menunda kembalinya kesuburan seorang pertama, terutama pada 6 bulan pertama setelah melahirkan sehingga dapat berperan sebagai kontrasepsi alami. Menyusui juga mengurangi risiko kanker payudara dan kanker ovarium. Selain itu menyusui membantu menurunkan berat badan dan risiko obesitas pada Ibu. Dari segi ekonomi, menyusui memiliki cost-benefit yang lebih rendah daripada konsumsi susu formula karena biaya kesehatan yang lebih rendah serta tidak menghasilkan bahan limbah. Dalam era globalisasi banyak ibu yang bekerja, keadaan ini sering menjadi kendala bagi ibu untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif kepada bayinya. sehingga pemberian ASI Eksklusif mungkin tidak tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peran Tempat Penitipan Anak (Daycare), dan Komitmen Ibu Bekerja untuk Menyusui dengan Keberhasilan Menyusui sampai Usia 6 Bulan di Surabaya. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian Deskriptif dengan Pendekatan Crossectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Tempat Penitipan Anak (Daycare) Kota Surabaya pada tahun 2017 Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Ibu yang Menyusui dengan anak usia 3-6 bulan di TPA (daycare) kota Surabaya. Dengan Tehnik pengambilan Sampel Purposive Sampling. Analisa data pada penelitian ini dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian untuk pengaruh peran TPA dengan Keberhasilan Menyusui sampai 6 bulan didapatkan bahwa p = 0,215 dengan α = 0,05 sehingga p> α sedangkan untuk pengaruh komitmen ibu bekerja terhadap keberhasilan menyusui sampai 6 bulan adalah p = 0,654 dengan α = 0,05 sehingga p> α. Kesimpulan Tidak ada Pengaruh Peran Tempat Penitipan Anak (Daycare) tentang ASI Eksklusif dan Komitmen Ibu Bekerja untuk menyusui dengan Keberhasilan Menyusui Sampai Usia 6 Bulan di Surabaya.
Microfluidics of Temperature-Responsive Partially Miscible Binary Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Fornerod Maximiliano J. , Amstad Esther , Guldin Stefan
Published: August 2018

Two-phase liquid-liquid microfluidics relies on the intricate control over the fluid properties of liquid mixtures. Herein, we report on the use of partially miscible binary liquid mixtures that lend their microfluidic properties from a highly temperature-sensitive mixing and phase separation behaviour. For a blend composed of the thermotropic liquid crystal 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and methanol, mixing at temperatures above the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) leads to a uniform single phase while partial mixing can be achieved at temperatures below the UCST. Thermally-driven phase separation inside the microfluidic channels results in the formation of very regular phase arrangements, namely in droplets, plug, slug and annular flow. We map different flow regimes and relate findings to the role of viscous, interfacial and inertial forces. As the interfacial tension of the mixture and the dynamic viscosity of the separated phases are inversely proportional to temperature, different flow regimes can be achieved at constant channel architecture and flow rate. A consistent behaviour is observed for a binary liquid mixture with lower critical solution temperature, namely 2,6-lutidine and water. This temperature-responsive approach to microfluidics is an interesting candidate for multi-stage processes, selective extraction and sensing applications.
Integrated Synthesis of Nucleotide and Nucleosides Directed by Amino Acids
Authors: Suárez-Marina Irene , Turk-MacLeod Rebecca , Abul-Haija Yousef , Gromski Piotr S. , Cooper Geoffrey , Cronin Leroy
Published: August 2018

Research on the origin of nucleic acids and proteins has been approached by either multi-step synthesis or simple one-pot reactions, but exploration of their prebiotic chemistry is normally done separately. However, if nucleotides and amino acids co-existed on early Earth, their mutual interactions and reactivity should be considered in exploring the emergence of complex chemical systems that can ultimately evolve. To explore this idea, we set out to investigate nucleotide/nucleoside formation by a simple dehydration reaction of the constituent building blocks (sugar, phosphate, and nucleobase) in the presence of amino acids (i.e. glycine, arginine, glutamic acid, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine and tryptophan). Herein, we report the first example of simultaneous formation of glycosidic bonds between ribose, purines, and pyrimidines under mild conditions without a catalyst or activated reagents, as well as nucleobase exchange. We observed not only the simultaneous formation of nucleotide and nucleoside isomers from several nucleobases, but also the selection of distribution of glycosylation products when glycine was present. This work shows how reaction networks of nucleotides and amino acids should be considered when exploring the emergence of catalytic networks in the context of molecular evolution.