bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON A SET OF BEST PRACTICES
Authors: JĘDRUSIK Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the process of risk management in project management. The analysis was based on a comparison of two best practices of IPMA and PRINCE. Risk management differs significantly between the two approaches, but it is up to the organization to choose its own management, monitoring and methodology tailored to the specific industry or sector. Risk management is an important aspect of the entire project life cycle and must be monitored throughout the project life cycle to protect not only the budget but all areas of the so-called "golden triangle". A very important aspect is the organization's awareness that risk management is everyone's responsibility, not just the project manager. This paper presents two different approaches to project risk management in two different methodologies.
Evaluation of Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, Mineral, Functional and Phytochemical Analysis in Functional and Nutraceutical Marked Cereals
Authors: Shilpa . , Sood Sangita , Mohiuddin Bhat Farhan
Published: October 2021

The present research was done to analyse the physico-chemical, Nutritional, Mineral, functional and phytochemical analysis in Functional cereals; oats, pearl millet, sorghum and finger millet. The protein content of the analyzed cereals varied from 7.45% to 14.69% with oats having higher concentration of protein content. The higher fibre content in oats accounted for its highest WAC while as the lowest fibre content in sorghum (2.35%) masked its WAC despite containing the highest carbohydrate content. Neutral detergent fiber that gives the measurement insoluble fibre was found highest in sorghum (11.29%) and lowest in pearl millet (5.56%). Total sugars comprising of reducing and non reducing sugars were found highest in pearl millet (2.88%) followed by sorghum (2.14%) and the least content was found in finger millet (1.69%). Oats were found to possess highest content of phosphorus (381.02mg/100g) and finger millet the lowest (8.21mg/100g). Resistant starch that is inaccessible to enzymes was found highest in oats (2.69g/100g) and lowest in sorghum (1.74g/100g).
Effects of Datura Metel Leaves Extract on Blood Parameters and Lipid Profile Using Albino Rats as Model
Authors: Oyedeji F. O. , Ajewole O. O. , Fawehinmi A. B.
Published: October 2021

Datura metel is commonly found locally and it is readily available to the people, consequently, it is abused and deliberately used as poison. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Datural metel through blood parameters and lipid profile when consumed through food intake using albino rat model. The leaves were extracted with ethanol and the phytochemical parameters determined. Different concentration of the extract were mixed with rat food and the food were fed to albino rats placed in four groups of five. The blood and lipid profile of rats were picked from each group determined at the end of week 1,2 and 3. Rats from each group was sacrificed and the blood was collected through cardiac puncture which was later analyzed for blood parameters and lipid profile. The results obtained from the first set of rats did not show any significant effect on the blood parameters and lipid profile, but the results obtained from subsequent sacrificed rats showed gradual increase in the values of the rate of haemoglobin (HB) 6.7 – 10G/DL, Red blood cells (RBC) 3.82 – 4.43 x 106µl and mean cell volume (MCV) 52.36 – 69.98FL. The results obtained for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) are irregular. There is gradual decrease in the results obtained for low density lipoproteins (LDL) 27.2 – 20.2 mg/dl and cholesterol 79 -71 mg/dl. This study suggests that the concentration of ethanolic extracts of Datura metel leaves have different active components that have diverse revamping effects on the blood parameters and lipid profile based on concentration of the extracts and duration of intake of the extract. This invariably portray that presence of Datura metel in food can enhance the quality of the food in the body and also maintain good cardiovascular wellbeing based on its concentration and timeline of consumption.
Domestic Waste Disposal Practices and Perception towards Solid Waste Management in Selected Areas of Bangalore, India
Authors: Rai Anisha , Umashankar S.
Published: October 2021

Aims: To assess the waste disposal practices and perception towards solid waste management in selected areas of Bangalore.

Study Design:  Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Bangalore between November 2019- November 2020.

Methodology: Multi stage sampling technique was used. Using random sampling, respondents from 100 households were selected from each of the 3 study areas. Face to face interview and focus group discussions in all 3 areas were conducted. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data.

Results: The study revealed that only 35% of the respondents segregated their waste even though 64% of them had heard about it. 74.7% of them said waste van was available to collect their waste whereas few of them also resorted to open dumping and burning as method of waste disposal. 94% of the respondents said food waste was the commonly produced waste followed by plastics and papers. 14.3% respondents said garbage collection facility was not available in their area. About 72.6% of them were satisfied with the current solid waste management system. Availability of regular garbage collection facility was found to be significant with waste disposal practice.

Conclusion: The variables such as age, education, size of household, source of income and monthly income were found to be significant with waste segregation practices. The waste segregation practices were found to be highly significant with knowledge on waste segregation, education on solid waste management, and exposure to information.
Construction of Sedoheptulose-1,7-Bisphosphatase (Sbpase) for Manipulation in Guard Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Authors: Kucheli Batta
Published: October 2021

Guard cells control the stomata through which exchange of gas takes place in plants by balancing between CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration leading to ultimate plant water use efficiency (WUE). Due to climate change, sustainable agriculture will therefore require a major reduction in plant water use hence stomata have become potential target for manipulation. Understanding the signal mechanisms of stomata is therefore critically important in facilitating an understanding of stomatal regulation. The use of molecular tools and techniques to manipulate chloroplast metabolism specifically in the guard cells are needed to elucidate signals associated with stomatal behaviour towards crop improvement. Ability to assemble multiple or complex DNA molecules containing large number of genetic elements is an essential part of genetic engineering and in order to understand the involvement of guard cell photosynthesis in stomatal function, genetic manipulation of photosynthetic enzymes specifically in guard cells is necessary. This study employed the manipulation and construction of the enzyme Sedoheptulose-1,7-Bisphosphatase (SBpase) by using the golden gate cloning technique and the bioinformatics system- geneious. Constructs were designed to alter expression of the SBPase gene in a cell specific manner driven by the guard cell promoter KST1 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. The construct design for the sense plasmid vectors allowed efficient assembly of multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction based on the type IIs restriction enzyme. The potentials of manipulating guard cell specific metabolism are therefore enormous and the increase or decrease of photosynthetic genes  could be assessed and their impacts on plant development documented accordingly.
Online Teaching in an Un-prepared Country during COVID-19: An Interview Study on Final Year Medical and Dental Students
Authors: Dhahri Adeel Abbas , Memon Ayesha Majeed , Hashmi Fazila , Dhahri Maria , Ghufran Samar , Mian Muhammad Amer , Memon Abdul Sattar , Collabo Medical Education Pakistan (MEP)
Published: October 2021

Aims: To assess medical students’ perception of online teaching to suggest transforming the future curriculum in low-economic countries.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional online interview study.

Place and Duration of Study: A team of collaborators interviewed final year medical and dental students of Pakistan from 07/08/2020 till 17/09/2020.

Methodology: A questionnaire was developed based on open and close-ended questions in Google forms; focusing on institutional preparedness, views on online education, the institute’s closure and COVID-19, and long-term effects of closure of the institute. Independent fellow researchers systematically analyzed the unaltered transcripts of the responses, and themes were then identified and coded to conclude the results. SPSS version 23 used for analysis. As this study was based on final year students.

Results: In response to an invitation email, 2442/2661 (91.77%) students voluntarily participate in this qualitative study. Most participants were females (1614, 66.10%). Closing down institutes was directly linked to a lack of motivation and feel of helplessness. As most showed dissatisfaction with online teaching compounded by psychological effects, students feared losing clinical skills and life during the pandemic.

Conclusion: The psychological impact of the crisis led to resistance to accepting the change for a better outcome. Incorporating telemedicine, different interactive learning style to online teaching, and resilience training would result in fruitful outcomes. Developed countries may also guide build infrastructure in developing countries to develop a more robust online teaching methodology in the long-run.
Retrospective Comparative Analysis of POPF Using Fistula Risk Score According to Pancreaticoenterostomy Method
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Paik Kwang Yeol
Published: October 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to examine whether pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) or pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is the better reconstructive method to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) according to the fistula risk.

Methods

An institutional database was reviewed for patients undergoing PD between January 2008 and August 2019. A total of 159 patients were stratified into 4 groups according to the Clinical Risk Score-Pancreatic Fistula. POPF according to 4 risk groups was compared between PJ and PG.

Results

Of the 159 patients, 82 underwent PG (51.6%) and 77 underwent PJ (48.4%) reconstruction. POPF rate was 17.1% (n = 14) in the PG group and 12.9% (n = 10) in the PJ group (P = 0.51). POPF rates were not different in intermediate, low, and negligible risks between 2 reconstructive methods. In the high-risk group (n = 47), there were 4 POPFs (22.2%) in PJ group and 9 (31.0%) in the PG group, respectively (P = 0.74).

Conclusion

In PD, there was no superior method of reconstruction with regard to POPF, even in high-risk glands.
Roux-en-Y Reconstruction Following Distal Gastrectomy Reduced Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis in Older Adults: Propensity Score–Matching Analysis
Authors: Inokuchi Mikito , Ogo Taichi , Kato Shunsuke , Nagano Hiroto , Irie Takumi , Kawachi Yasuyuki
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to examine the functional outcomes of Roux-en-Y (RY) and Billroth I (BI) reconstruction methods following distal gastrectomy in patients ages ≥75 years with gastric cancer.

Summary of background data

RY and BI reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. However, no study has compared the 2 procedures in older adults.

Methods

We identified older patients who underwent RY (n = 103) or BI (n = 71) reconstruction following distal gastrectomy from 2011 to 2018 in our database. Patients in the RY and BI groups were matched by propensity scores, and each group included 62 patients. We compared short-term surgical outcomes and clinical findings at 1 year postoperatively. Additionally, risk factors for endoscopic reflux esophagitis following distal gastrectomy were evaluated.

Results

Reflux esophagitis, bile reflux, and remnant gastritis were significantly less frequent in RY reconstruction than in BI reconstruction. Moreover, both BI reconstruction and preoperative hiatus hernias were independent risk factors for postoperative endoscopic reflux esophagitis. Although the incidence of postoperative surgical complications following RY and BI was similar, RY was found to cause delayed gastric emptying more frequently than BI.

Conclusion

RY reconstruction is a favorable procedure to prevent reflux esophagitis in older patients, particularly in those with hiatal hernia.
VIOLÊNCIA CONJUGAL E CIÚME NUMA PERSPECTIVA PSICANALÍTICA A PARTIR DE ‘OTELO – O MOURO DE VENEZA’
Authors: De Freitas Moraes Camila , Torres de Madeiro Roseane
Published: October 2021

Pretende-se, no presente estudo, analisar as questões que permeiam a violência conjugal, a partir da obra shakespeariana, em especial, no que tange à temática dos ciúmes de Otelo por sua esposa Desdêmona, e sua interface com a obra freudiana. E é a partir desse prisma que se busca conceituar a violência conjugal em articulação com os conceitos psicanalíticos, para que, então, se possa investigar os aspectos subjetivos que se entrelaçam na relação amorosa em que a mulher é agredida por seu companheiro em função de um afeto como o ciúme. Ao fim, nota-se que Otelo passa a crer na suposta infidelidade de sua esposa. Seu ciúme consome-lhe a sanidade, fazendo-o construir um processo delirante que o leva a matar seu objeto de amor.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Psicanálise. Literatura. Ciúme. Violência Conjugal. Mulher.
206 Psicanálise & Barroco em revista | v.17, n. 01 | julho de 2019 O PARADOXO CONTEMPORÂNEO EM TORNO DA CRIANÇA: ENTRE O EXCESSO E O VAZIO
Authors: Lopes Almeida Maíra , Castro Silva Perfeito Helvia Cristine
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho propõe problematizar como algumas marcas da pós-modernidade influem nas relações estabelecidas entre pais e crianças. Estas marcas podem ser elencadas como a aceleração, a individualização, a negação da dor e a superficialidade das relações. Diante dessa conjuntura, tem se tornado comum observar cuidadores que desertam de sua posição de autoridade frente aos filhos. Essa configuração promove uma demanda clínica, na qual os profissionais, impulsionados pelo saber científico, têm sido convocados para assumir essa posição. Isto foi constatado por meio de diversos atendimentos clínicos que reúnem o agrupamento familiar no modelo conjunto pais-criança. Neste artigo, discute-se a problemática por meio de discussão teórica e apresentação de um caso clínico. Elucidamos, então, que os elementos pós-modernos incidem sobre as relações pais e filhos e criam um entorno paradoxal em volta da criança de excesso e/ou vazio.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: infância; Contemporaneidade; Família; Psicanálise.
PSICANÁLISE E DIREITO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: De Arvellos Espínola Rodrigo Octavio , Fuks Betty B.
Published: October 2021

A violência doméstica contra a mulher não cedeu com as leis que recrudesceram a resposta penal. Neste cenário, a Psicanálise, que surge reconhecendo a violência que funda o sujeito, individual e coletivo, oferece opções que podem ser utilizadas no setting judicial. Neste artigo, abrimos um diálogo entre Psicanálise e Direito através da produção artística de grandes compositores que redirecionaram a pulsão de destruição, em um movimento sublimatório. O encontro heterodoxo entre Freud e o músico Mahler nos autoriza a fazer uma leitura sobre a evolução necessária para que a resposta do Direito à violência atinja níveis mais eficientes, baseados no saber psicanalítico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: violência; doméstica; Psicanálise; Direito; Mahler.
Understanding Effects of Ion Diffusion on Charge Carrier Mobility of Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Transistor Using Ionic Liquid‐Embedded Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Nketia‐Yawson Benjamin , Ahn Hyungju , Jo Jea Woong
Published: October 2021

In electrolyte‐gated organic electronics, including electrochromic devices, organic field‐effect transistors, and organic electrochemical transistors, the underlying working principle is determined by the permeability of the electrochemically active ions within the electrolyte dielectric into the organic semiconductor layer; as such, the carrier mobility of organic semiconductors in electrolyte‐gated devices remains unclear because of the different degrees of ion penetration depending on the fabrication process and device architecture. Here, ion‐embedded organic semiconductors are developed by precisely incorporating ionic liquid (IL) in poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and then the effects on the charge carrier mobility in organic transistors using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) and electrolyte dielectrics are systematically investigated. Neat P3HT transistors show saturation mobility of 0.080 ± 0.003, 0.287 ± 0.025, and 5.04 ± 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1 using PMMA, P(VDF‐HFP), and polymer electrolyte dielectrics, respectively. Compared with control neat P3HT devices, nonproportional normalized saturation mobilities of 0.46 (0.30), 1.65 (1.35), and 0.74 (0.89) are observed for P3HT:IL of 99.5:0.5(98:2) v/v% devices using PMMA, P(VDF‐HFP), and polymer electrolyte dielectrics, respectively. In addition, it is found that the ion penetration into P3HT can influence the metal/semiconductor contact and interfacial charge trapping at the dielectric/semiconductor, which can disrupt the efficient charge carrier transport.
Solution‐Processed Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistor Artificial Synapses
Authors: Jeong Beomjin , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Asadi Kamal
Published: October 2021

Metal halide perovskites are distinctive semiconductors that exhibit both ionic and electronic transport and are promising for artificial synapses. However, developing a 3‐terminal transistor artificial synapse with the perovskite channel remains elusive due to the lack of a proper technique to regulate mobile ions in a non‐volatile manner. Here, a solution‐processed perovskite transistor is reported for artificial synapses through the implementation of a ferroelectric gate. The ferroelectric polarization provides a non‐volatile electric field on the perovskite, leading to fixation of the mobile ions and hence modulation of the electronic conductance of the channel. Multi‐state channel conductance is realized by partial ferroelectric polarization. The ferroelectric‐gated perovskite transistor is successfully used as an artificial synapse that emulates basic synaptic functions such as long‐term plasticity with excellent linearity, short‐term as well as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. The strategy to regulate ion dynamics in the perovskites using the ferroelectric gate suggests a generic route to employ perovskites for synaptic electronics.
Gradient H‐Bonding Binder Enables Stable High‐Areal‐Capacity Si‐Based Anodes in Pouch Cells
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zhang Xudong , Zhao Peiyu , Fan Hao , Zhang Zhen , Deng Junkai , Ungar Goran , Song Jiangxuan
Published: October 2021

Alleviating large stress is critical for high‐energy batteries with large volume change upon cycling, yet this still presents a challenge. Here, a gradient hydrogen‐bonding binder is reported for high‐capacity silicon‐based anodes that are highly desirable for the next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. The well‐defined gradient hydrogen bonds, with a successive bond energy of −2.88– −10.04 kcal mol−1, can effectively release the large stress of silicon via the sequential bonding cleavage. This can avoid recurrently abrupt structure fracture of traditional binder due to lack of gradient energy dissipation. Certainly, this regulated binder endows stable high‐areal‐capacity silicon‐based electrodes >4 mAh cm−2. Beyond proof of concept, this work demonstrates a 2 Ah silicon‐based pouch cell with an impressive capacity retention of 80.2% after 700 cycles (0.028% decay/cycle) based on this gradient hydrogen‐bonding binder, making it more promising for practical application.
Processing of Self‐Healing Polymers for Soft Robotics
Authors: Roels Ellen , Terryn Seppe , Iida Fumiya , Bosman Anton W. , Norvez Sophie , Clemens Frank , Van Assche Guy , Vanderborght Bram , Brancart Joost
Published: October 2021

Soft robots are, due to their softness, inherently safe and adapt well to unstructured environments. However, they are prone to various damage types. Self‐healing polymers address this vulnerability. Self‐healing soft robots can recover completely from macroscopic damage, extending their lifetime. For developing healable soft robots, various formative and additive manufacturing methods have been exploited to shape self‐healing polymers into complex structures. Additionally, several novel manufacturing techniques, noted as (re)assembly binding techniques that are specific to self‐healing polymers, have been created. Herein, the wide variety of processing techniques of self‐healing polymers for robotics available in the literature is reviewed, and limitations and opportunities discussed thoroughly. Based on defined requirements for soft robots, these techniques are critically compared and validated. A strong focus is drawn to the reversible covalent and (physico)chemical cross‐links present in the self‐healing polymers that do not only endow healability to the resulting soft robotic components, but are also beneficial in many manufacturing techniques. They solve current obstacles in soft robots, including the formation of robust multi‐material parts, recyclability, and stress relaxation. This review bridges two promising research fields, and guides the reader toward selecting a suitable processing method based on a self‐healing polymer and the intended soft robotics application.
Flexible Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates: A Review on Constructions, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Liu Huiqiao , He Yanan , Cao Kangzhe
Published: October 2021

Flexible surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have recently attracted growing research interests in real‐world applications due to their unique advantage of sensitivity and flexibility. Reviewing the latest progress of flexible SERS substrates is very important for further development of high‐quality detection platforms. Herein, the recent developments of flexible SERS substrates in fabrications and applications are introduced. First, three categories of current flexible SERS platforms including paper‐based SERS substrates, polymer‐based SERS substrates, and inorganic materials‐based SERS substrates are demonstrated in depth. Then, the focus is moved to the applications of flexible SERS substrates. Combining swab strategies, lateral flow strips, paper‐based microfluidics, and in situ detection techniques, flexible SERS platforms provide intriguing applications in various fields. The challenges are also identified for practical applications on account of substrates’ uniformity, quantitative accuracy, multiplex detection ability, and overall cost. It is believed this review will be of help for researchers to design and fabricate flexible SERS substrates with higher performance and lower cost, and finally realize the practical applications.
2D Ferrous Ion‐Crosslinked Ti3C2Tx MXene Aerogel Evaporators for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Li Xiao‐Peng , Li Xiaofeng , Li Heguo , Zhao Yue , Li Wei , Yan Shouke , Yu Zhong‐Zhen
Published: October 2021

Although solar‐driven water evaporation technology is promising for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater, it is still an issue to enhance the solar steam generation performances by efficient utilization of sustainable solar energy. Herein, 2D ferrous ion‐crosslinked Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based aerogel films (MAFs) are fabricated as efficient solar steam generation devices by vacuum‐assisted filtration of aqueous dispersions of MXene with FeCl2 followed by freeze‐drying. The strong interaction of ferrous ions with –OH groups of MXene sheets and the freeze‐drying process are crucial for constructing structurally stable porous films with rough surfaces. Benefiting from the strong solar light absorption capacity and high solar‐thermal energy conversion efficiency of MXene sheets, along with the hydrophilic and structurally stable porous architecture of MAFs, the average evaporation rates of an optimal MAF evaporator are as high as 1.67 and 14.52 kg m−2 h−1 with evaporation efficiencies of 94.3% and 91.7% under solar light irradiations of 1 and 10 kW m‐2, respectively. As a promising solar steam generation device, the 2D porous and hydrophilic MAF evaporator is highly efficient in generating clean water from both natural seawater and organic wastewater with satisfactory ion rejection efficiencies of close to 100%.
Design of a Stable Heusler Alloy with Switchable Metal‐to‐Half‐Metal Transition at Finite Temperature
Authors: Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Miroshkina Olga N. , Baigutlin Danil R. , Zagrebin Mikhail A. , Barbiellini Bernardo , Singh Bahadur , Bansil Arun , Lähderanta Erkki
Published: October 2021

The electronic structure and metallicity of Si‐doped Mn2VGe Heusler alloys within the first‐principles density‐functional theory framework are discussed. Mn2VGe is found to assume two stable structures at (cubic) lattice constants of 5.7 and 6.05 Å, which are well‐separated in energy and correspond to half‐metallic (low‐spin) and metallic (high‐spin) phases, respectively. Substitution of Ge by Si reduces the energy difference between these two phases, which become nearly degenerate at an Si concentration of ≈3.125 at% at zero temperature. The analysis shows that the switching between the high‐ and low‐spin phases for this composition can be triggered via a pressure of 2.8 GPa at 300 K. Si‐doped Mn2VGe can thus provide an ultrafast, low power, cost‐effective materials platform for spintronics applications.
Phenylimino Indolinone: A Green‐Light‐Responsive T‐Type Photoswitch Exhibiting Negative Photochromism
Authors: Crespi Stefano , Simeth Nadja A. , Di Donato Mariangela , Doria Sandra , Stindt Charlotte N. , Hilbers Michiel F. , Kiss Ferdinand L. , Toyoda Ryojun , Wesseling Sammo , Buma Wybren Jan , Feringa Ben L. , Szymański Wiktor
Published: October 2021

Imines are photoaddressable motifs useful in the development of new generations of molecular switches, but their operation with low‐energy photons and control over isomer stability remain challenging. Based on a computational design, we developed phenylimino indolinone (PIO), a green‐light‐addressable T‐type photoswitch showing negative photochromism. The isomerization behavior of this photoactuator of the iminothioindoxyl (ITI) class was studied using time‐resolved spectroscopies on time scales from femtoseconds to the steady state and by quantum‐chemical analyses. The understanding of the isomerization properties and substituent effects governing these photoswitches opens new avenues for the development of novel T‐type visible‐light‐addressable photoactuators based on C=N bonds.
Discovery of sulfadrug–pyrrole conjugates as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Babacan Şemsi N. , Demir Yeliz , Sert Yusuf , Koca İrfan , Gülçin İlhami
Published: October 2021

Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes are zinc ion‐containing, widespread metalloenzymes and they classically play a role in pH homeostasis maintenance. CA inhibitors suppress the CA activity and their usage has been clinically established as antiglaucoma agents, antiepileptics, diuretics, and in some other disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a fatal disease of the brain. An advanced method to cure AD includes the strategy to design acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. A novel series of pyrrole‐3‐one derivatives containing sulfa drugs (5a–i) were determined to be highly potent inhibitors for AChE and hCA I and hCA II (inhibitory constant [Ki] values are in the range of 6.50 ± 1.02–37.46 ± 4.12 nM, 1.20 ± 0.19–44.21 ± 1.09 nM, and 8.93 ± 1.58–46.86 ± 8.41 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). The designed compounds often show a more effective inhibition than the chemicals used as the standard. Among these compounds, 5f was the most effective compound against hCA I, and compound 5e was the most effective compound against hCA II. It was determined that compound 5c was the most effective inhibitor for AChE.
Dairy products and the risk of developing prostate cancer: A large‐scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan
Authors: Mikami Kazuya , Ozasa Kotaro , Miki Tsuneharu , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Mori Mitsuru , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Koji , Wakai Kenji , Nakao Masahiro , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   for the JACC Study Group
Published: October 2021

Dairy products have been indicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, only a few epidemiological studies have reported dairy products as being a risk factor for prostate cancer in Japan, reporting contradictory results. We therefore investigated the association between the intake of dairy products and the occurrence of prostate cancer through a large‐scale cohort study. The Japan Collaborative Cohort study analyzed approximately 110,000 residents from various Japanese districts who participated in our questionnaire survey during 1988–1990. The subjects of the present study were 26,464 men (age range: 40–79 years) from 24 districts wherein cancer incidence was reported. Their clinical course was followed up until 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, survey area, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake. For diet, we calculated the HRs associated with intermediate and high consumption of dairy products and compared them with those associated with low consumption. There were 412 cases of prostate cancer in the survey population. As dairy products, milk, yogurt, cheese, and butter were evaluated. Among them, milk consumption was associated with a significant risk (HR = 1.37, p = 0.009) and a dose‐dependent response (p for trend = 0.009) adjusted for age and family history of prostate cancer, stratified by area. Milk and yogurt consumption showed a significantly positive risk and a dose–response relationship adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index, and total energy intake, stratified by area. In summary, a high intake of dairy products such as milk increased the risk of developing prostate cancer in Japanese men.
How to survive in advertisement flooding: The effects of schema–product congruity and attribute relevance on advertisement attitude
Authors: Lee Jihyeon , Kim Hanku
Published: October 2021

An increasing number of advertisements imply that market competition is becoming fiercer. This study identifies different types of advertising elements to suggest advertising design strategies that can attract consumers' attention. In this paper, we investigate the effects of schema congruity and attribute relevance on attitude toward advertising. We refer to schema congruity that is created by product color design as “color congruity” and verify the influence of color congruity. To identify the underlying psychological mechanism by which these effects occur, we investigate the mediating effect of perceived novelty and typicality on advertisement attitude. Study 1 identifies the effect of color congruity and product attribute relevance on advertising attitude. When presenting secondary attributes, low color congruity leads to a more favorable advertising attitude than that of high color congruity, whereas when presenting primary attributes, high color congruity is more effective. In Study 2, for secondary attributes, perceived novelty explains the positive impact of low color congruity on advertising attitude. However, for primary attributes, the effect of high congruity on advertising attitude is mediated by perceived typicality. These findings may be useful in proving guidelines for advertising companies and marketers that want to create fresh content by suggesting how to combine advertising elements that will attract consumers' attention.
Bacterial Endophytes from Vitis vinifera L. – Metabolomics Characterization of Plant‐Endophyte Crosstalk
Authors: Stranska Milena , Lovecka Petra , Vrchotova Blanka , Uttl Leos , Bechynska Kamila , Behner Adam , Hajslova Jana
Published: October 2021

Bacterial endophytes are known to protect Vitis vinifera L. against various harmful effects of the environment and support its growth. However, for the most part, biochemical responses of such co‐existence have not yet been fully elucidated. In this work, we aimed to characterize the activities of endophytic consortia in a plant‐endophyte extract by measuring five indicators of colonization (overall endophyte metabolic activity, microbial ACC deaminase activity, ability to solubilize phosphorus, ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia ions, and ability to produce growth promoting indole acetic acid), and find relationships between these activities and metabolome. The V. vinifera canes for the metabolomics fingerprinting were extracted successively with water and methanol, and analysed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. For data processing, the MS‐DIAL – MS‐CleanR – MS‐FINDER software platform was used, and the data matrix was processed by PCA and PLS‐DA multivariate statistical methods. The metabolites that were upregulated with the heavy endophyte colonization were mainly chlorins, phenolics, flavonoid and terpenoid glycosides, tannins, dihydropyranones, sesquiterpene lactones, and long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids.
Synchronous gastric cancer and carcinoma in situ of the pancreas
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Hakoda Keishi , Sawada Hiroyuki , Hotta Ryuichi , Ohmori Ichiro , Miyamoto Kazuaki , Toyota Kazuhiro , Sadamoto Seiji , Takahashi Tadateru
Published: October 2021

Abnormal findings in the pancreatic duct without a mass may require serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytological examination. In cases of synchronous gastric cancer and stage 0 pancreatic cancer, spleen‐preserving pancreatectomy may have advantage.
Ten years of battle with multiple recurrences of pediatric skull base chondrosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Ariamanesh Mona , Tafrishi Rana , Dehghani Mansoureh , Bakhshai Mehdi , Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Hosseini Seyyed Morteza , Nematshahi Mohammad , Welsh James S. , Porouhan Pejman
Published: October 2021

In children and adolescents presenting with skull base sarcoma, treatment strategies will face challenging decisions due to the unique chemoresistant pathologies, limitations imposed by the not‐yet fully mature anatomical structures, and the small surgical site.
Self‐reported quality of life as a predictor of mortality in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Alam Ridwan , Patel Hiten D. , Su Zhuo T. , Cheaib Joseph G. , Ged Yasser , Singla Nirmish , Allaf Mohamad E. , Pierorazio Phillip M.
Published: October 2021

Background

This study evaluated the utility of self‐reported quality of life (QOL) metrics in predicting mortality among all‐comers with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and externally tested the findings in a registry of patients with small renal masses.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER‐MHOS) captured QOL metrics composed of mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores. Regression models assessed associations of MCS and PCS with all‐cause, RCC‐specific, and non–RCC‐specific mortality. Harrell's concordance statistic (the C‐index) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) determined predictive accuracy and parsimony, respectively. Findings were tested in the prospective Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) registry.

Results

In SEER‐MHOS, 1494 patients had a median age of 73.4 years and a median follow‐up time of 5.6 years. Each additional MCS and PCS point reduced the hazard of all‐cause mortality by 1.3% (95% CI, 0.981‐0.993; P < .001) and 2.3% (95% CI, 0.971‐0.984; P < .001), respectively. Models with QOL metrics demonstrated higher predictive accuracy (C‐index, 72.3% vs 70.1%) and parsimony (AIC, 9376.5 vs 9454.5) than models without QOL metrics. QOL metrics exerted a greater effect on non–RCC‐specific mortality than RCC‐specific mortality. External testing in the DISSRM registry confirmed these findings with similar results for all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Models with self‐reported QOL metrics predicted all‐cause mortality in patients with RCC with higher accuracy and parsimony than those without QOL metrics. Physical health was a stronger predictor of mortality than mental health. The findings support the incorporation of QOL metrics into prognostic models and patient counseling for RCC.
ezTrack—A Step‐by‐Step Guide to Behavior Tracking
Authors: Pennington Zachary T. , Diego Keziah S. , Francisco Taylor R. , LaBanca Alexa R. , Lamsifer Sophia I. , Liobimova Olga , Shuman Tristan , Cai Denise J.
Published: October 2021

Tracking animal behavior by video is one of the most common tasks in neuroscience. Previously, we have validated ezTrack, a free, flexible, and easy‐to‐use software for the analysis of animal behavior. ezTrack's Location Tracking Module can be used for the positional analysis of an individual animal and is applicable to a wide range of behavioral tasks. Separately, ezTrack's Freeze Analysis Module is designed for the analysis of defensive freezing behavior. ezTrack supports a range of desirable tools, including options for cropping and masking portions of the field of view, defining regions of interest, producing summary data for specified portions of time, algorithms to remove the influence of electrophysiology cables and other tethers, batch processing of multiple videos, and video down‐sampling. Moreover, ezTrack produces a range of interactive plots and visualizations to promote users' confidence in their results. In this protocols paper, we provide step‐by‐step instructions for the use of ezTrack, from tips for recording behavior to instructions for using the software for video analysis. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 4 August 2022. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Software environment installation

Basic Protocol 2: Using the Location Tracking Module

Basic Protocol 3: Using the Freeze Analysis Module
Modified Cross‐Linking, Ligation, and Sequencing of Hybrids (qCLASH) to Identify MicroRNA Targets
Authors: Gay Lauren A. , Turner Peter C. , Renne Rolf
Published: October 2021

This protocol was designed to identify microRNA (miRNA) targetomes from smaller‐input samples by performing a simplified workflow of the Cross‐Linking and Sequencing of Hybrids (CLASH) technique developed in the Tollervey group. In this ribonomics‐based technique, Cross‐Linking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) of Argonaute (Ago) is combined with an RNA ligase reaction that yields covalently bound “hybrids” between miRNAs and their target RNAs. While this iteration of CLIP identifies “high‐confidence” or “unambiguous” miRNA targets, the added ligation step is highly inefficient and therefore requires large numbers of cultured cells. To make this powerful approach applicable to smaller cell numbers, we created qCLASH, incorporating a workflow that performs all enzymatic reactions on bead‐bound complexes and omits gel purification of immunoprecipitated Ago complexes associated with major loss of RNA. At a sequencing depth of 100 million reads per library, which is highly feasible with rapidly decreasing sequencing costs, qCLASH, when used with three biological replicates, results in thousands of high‐confidence miRNA targets. qCLASH was first developed to identify viral miRNA targetomes of endothelial cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma−associated herpesvirus. Since then, qCLASH has been applied to Epstein‐Barr virus− and MHV68‐infected cells, and more recently to metastatic melanoma and breast cancer cells. Currently, protocols are under development to apply qCLASH to human solid tumor specimens. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Quick Cross‐Linking and Sequencing of Hybrids (qCLASH)

Support Protocol: Optimization of Ago immunoprecipitation
Multi‐probe FISH Analysis of Immunophenotyped Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Hui Henry Y. L. , Stanley Jason , Clarke Kathryn , Erber Wendy N. , Fuller Kathryn A.
Published: October 2021

Imaging flow cytometry is an automated method that enables cells and fluorescent signals to be visualized and quantified. Here, we describe a new imaging flow cytometry method whereby fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is integrated with cell phenotyping. The method, called “immuno‐flowFISH,” provides an exciting new dimension for the analysis of genomic changes in cytological samples (e.g., blood, bone marrow). Cells are analyzed in suspension without any requirement for prior cell isolation or separation. Multiple antibodies and FISH probes, each with a unique fluorophore, can be added and many thousands of cells analyzed. Specific cell populations are identified by their antigenic profile and then analyzed for the presence of chromosomal defects. Immuno‐flowFISH was applied to the assessment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a mature B‐cell neoplasm where chromosomal abnormalities predict prognosis and treatment requirements. This integrated immunophenotyping and multi‐probe FISH strategy could detect both structural and numerical chromosomal changes involving chromosomes 12 and 17 in CLL cells. Given that many thousands of cells were analyzed and the leukemic cells were positively identified by their immunophenotype, this multi‐probe method adds precision to the cytogenomic analysis of CLL. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in no‐tillage system
Authors: Cechin Joanei , Schmitz Maicon Fernando , Torchelsen Jonathan Schwanz , Durigon Miria Rosa , Agostinetto Dirceu , Vargas Leandro
Published: October 2021

Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed commonly found in winter cereals. Winter cover crops represent an alternative for weed suppression, reducing weed soil seed banks, and future infestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suppression of winter cover crops on reducing the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in fields managed under no‐tillage system. Field experiment was carried out during three consecutive years, in a strip‐plot design with four blocks, containing the winter cover crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), common vetch (Vicia sativa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), feral radish (Raphanus sativus), and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sown in each strip (block) under no‐tillage system and compared with weedy fallow. Seed bank was quantified at 0.0‐ to 0.05‐ and 0.05‐ to 0.10‐m depths, whereas Italian ryegrass infestations were measured with a sample frame of 0.0625 m2. Greater suppression and lower soil seed bank were reported in plots managed with cereal rye, common vetch, black oat, and feral radish, reducing up to 80% in the first year, and up to 96% after 3 yr of continuous management in comparison to weedy fallow. Italian ryegrass infestations increased four‐ to six‐fold when managed with canola. High suppressor potential of Italian ryegrass occurred for cover crops with biomass dry accumulation greater than 8.7 tons ha−1, especially to plants with a height upper to 1 m, plant characteristics essential to reduce strongly Italian ryegrass infestations and ensure weed‐free fields throughout the time.
New Technologies are Needed to Improve the Recycling and Upcycling of Waste Plastics
Authors: Ragauskas Arthur J. , Huber George W. , Wang Jia , Guss Adam , O'Neill Hugh M. , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Wang Yanqin , Wurm Frederik R. , Meng Xianzhi
Published: October 2021

In their Editorial to the Special Issue on The Chemistry of Waste Plastics Upcycling, the Guest Editors Adam Guss, George Huber, Carol Lin, Xianzhi Meng, Hugh O'Neill, Arthur Ragauskas, Jia Wang, Yanqin Wang, and Frederik Wurm highlight some of the increasingly urgent efforts being made by chemists to address challenges related to the fate of plastics at the end of, their useful lives and the valorization of plastic waste.
Can artificial ecological islands alter the biodiversity of macroinvertebrate? A case study in Fujin National Wetland Park, the Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Yuan Zi‐Ao , Liu Xin‐xin , Du Hai‐rong , Zhang Ming‐Hai
Published: October 2021

Many policies and studies globally have highlighted the pivotal role of wetland ecosystems regarding wetland biota and their ecological status. With the strengthening of wetland ecosystem management legislation and policy, wetland restoration should also consider increasing habitat diversity to improve biota. We explore whether the construction of artificial ecological islands can increase the diversity of and macroinvertebrates before assessing the effects of actively constructing islands via human intervention on wetland protection.

We discuss changes in macroinvertebrate diversity (i) with and without islands, (ii) at different water‐level gradients surrounding the islands, (ⅲ) on different island substrates, and (ⅳ) at different time scales. We used ANOVA, ANOSIM, and cluster analysis to test the differences.

The macroinvertebrate communities had spatially heterogeneous distributions which changes over time due to both natural and anthropogenic stresses. The establishment of islands significantly increased the community composition and biodiversity of the macroinvertebrate. Water depth and substrate affect community composition of macrozoobenthos. The abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates can influence the biodiversity of their predators (fish and waterbirds). Potentially, the construction of islands could provide some cobenefits for the conservation of wetland fauna.

Synthesis and applications. Establishing artificial ecological islands in broad open‐water areas and increasing water‐level gradient and substrate diversity can increase microhabitat availability and habitat heterogeneity. These changes can adapt to different ecological niches of aquatic organisms, increase biodiversity, and have a positive effect on the ecological restoration of inland freshwater marshes and wetlands.
Solid State Characterization of One‐ and Two‐Electron Oxidized CuII‐salen Complexes with para‐Substituents: Geometric Structure‐Magnetic Property Relationship
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Suzuki Takashi , Kikuchi Misa , Kobayashi Misato , Oshita Hiromi , Kawashima Kyohei , Mori Seiji , Abe Hitoshi , Hoshino Norihisa , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Shimazaki Yuichi
Published: October 2021

One‐ and two‐electron oxidized CuII complexes of Schiff base ligands with para‐substituted phenolate moieties were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of the one‐electron oxidized methylthio‐substituted complex [Cu(MeS‐salen)]SbCl6 revealed the intermolecular π‐π stacking interaction of the two phenolate moieties with those of the neighboring complex cations to form the one‐dimensional chain. Such a π‐π stacking interaction could not be detected in the two‐electron oxidized complex [Cu(MeS‐salen)](SbCl6)2 and the oxidized methoxy‐substituted complexes [Cu(MeO‐salen)](SbF6)n (n=1, 2). Magnetic study of [Cu(MeO‐salen)]SbF6 showed a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ion and phenoxyl radical unpaired electron spins, while [Cu(MeS‐salen)]SbCl6 showed a ferromagnetism. Both of the two‐electron oxidized complexes exhibited a relatively strong magnetic interaction between the two radical electrons, while the signs of the electron spins are different.