bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIXING JEJUNAL MANEUVER TO PREVENT PETERSEN HERNIA IN GASTRIC BYPASS
Authors: MURAD-JUNIOR Abdon José , SCHEIBE Christian Lamar , CAMPELO Giuliano Peixoto , LIMA Roclides Castro de , MURAD Lucianne Maria Moraes Rêgo Pereira , SANTOS Eduardo Pachu Raia dos , RAMOS Almino Cardoso , VALADÃO José Aparecido
Published: October 2015

Background : Among Roux-en-Y gastric bypass complications is the occurrence of intestinal obstruction by the appearance of internal hernias, which may occur in Petersen space or the opening in mesenteric enteroenteroanastomosis. Aim : To evaluate the efficiency and safety in performing a fixing jejunal maneuver in the transverse mesocolon to prevent internal hernia formation in Petersen space. Method : Two surgical points between the jejunum and the transverse mesocolon, being 5 cm and 10 cm from duodenojejunal angle are made. In all patients was left Petersen space open and closing the opening of the mesenteric enteroenteroanastomosis. Results : Among 52 operated patients, 35 were women (67.3%). The age ranged 18-63 years, mean 39.2 years. BMI ranged from 35 to 56 kg/m2 (mean 40.5 kg/m2). Mean follow-up was 15.1 months (12-18 months). The operative time ranged from 68-138 min. There were no intraoperative complications, and there were no major postoperative complications and no reoperations. The hospital stay ranged from 2-3 days. During the follow-up, no one patient developed suspect clinical presentation of internal hernia. Follow-up in nine patients (17.3%) showed asymptomatic cholelithiasis and underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During these procedures were verified the Petersen space and jejunal fixation. In all nine, there was no herniation of the jejunum to the right side in Petersen space. Conclusion : The fixation of the first part of the jejunum to left side of the transverse mesocolon is safe and effective to prevent internal Petersen hernia in RYGB postoperatively in the short and medium term. It may be interesting alternative to closing the Petersen space.
ANALYSIS OF FOOD TOLERANCE IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY USING THE QUESTIONNAIRE QUALITY OF ALIMENTATION
Authors: STUMPF Matheo Augusto Morandi , RODRIGUES Marcos Ricardo da Silva , KLUTHCOVSKY Ana Claudia Garabeli Cavalli , TRAVALINI Fabiana , MILLÉO Fábio Quirillo
Published: October 2015

Background : Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in many countries, the number of bariatric surgeries is increasing. They are considered the most effective treatment for obesity. In the postoperative there may be difficulties with the quality of alimentation, tolerance to various types of food, as well as vomiting and regurgitation. Few surveys are available to assess these difficulties in the postoperative. Aim : To perform a systematic literature review about food tolerance in patients undergoing bariatric surgery using the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation", and compare the results between different techniques. Method : A descriptive-exploratory study where the portals Medline and Scielo were used. The following headings were used in english, spanish and portuguese: quality of alimentation, bariatric surgery and food tolerance. A total of 88 references were found, 14 used the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" and were selected. Results : In total, 2745 patients were interviewed of which 371 underwent to gastric banding, 1006 to sleeve gastrectomy, 1113 to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 14 to biliopancreatic diversion associated with duodenal switch, 83 were non-operated obese, and 158 non-obese patients. The questionnaire showed good acceptability. The biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch had the best food tolerance in the postoperative when compared to other techniques, but it was evaluated in a single article with a small sample. The longer the time after the operation, the better is the food tolerance. Comparing the sleeve gastrectomy and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, there are still controversial results in the literature. The gastric banding had the worst score of food tolerance among all the techniques evaluated. Conclusion: The questionnaire is easy and fast to assess the food tolerance in patients after bariatric surgery. Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch had the best food tolerance in the postoperative when compared to sleeve gastrectomy and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Gastric banding still remains in controversy, due it presented the worst score.
WHEN AND WHY OPERATE ELDERLY OBESE
Authors: NASSIF Paulo Afonso Nunes , MALAFAIA Osvaldo , RIBAS-FILHO Jurandir Marcondes , CZECZKO Nicolau Gregori , GARCIA Rodrigo Ferreira , ARIEDE Bruno Luiz
Published: October 2015

Introduction : Concurrently with the pandemic obesity is observed global aging phenomenon, with a significant increase of obesity in the elderly population. Aim : To review the indications for bariatric surgery for the elderly, mainly focusing on the morbidity and mortality of procedures. Method : Review of the literature in PubMed/Medline and Scielo focusing on the relationship of risk factors with different techniques of bariatric surgery in the elderly. The following descriptors were crossed in the form of AND/OR: Obesity; Bariatric surgery; Complications; Elderly. Conclusion : In people older than 60 years bariatric procedures represent acceptable and effective treatment option. The elderly should be treated in specialized centers with experience in major surgical procedures and low morbimortality. Going in this way, they experience the benefits of bariatric surgery with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, age alone should not be considered as an absolute impediment for surgical indication.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE OBESITY IN TEENS: LATE RESULTS
Authors: FERRAZ Álvaro Antônio Bandeira , SIQUEIRA Luciana Teixeira de , NORONHA Clarissa Guedes , HOLANDA Danilo Belem Rodrigues de , ARAÚJO-JÚNIOR José Guido Corrêa de , MUNIZ Mariana Gomes
Published: October 2015

Background : In children is estimated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased up to five times in developed countries and up to four in developing countries. In Brazil, the proportion of children and adolescents who are overweight also increased from approximately 4.1% to 13.9%. Aim : To evaluate the surgical results of severe obesity in adolescents. Methods : Retrospective descriptive study of 2737 patients with severe obesity that underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass selecting from the total 44 patients with mean age of 18.1 years, 14 males and 30 females, most (37) operated by laparotomy. There was follow-up of 20 patients (45.45%). All were followed preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team and had indication confirmed for surgical unanimous approval of all team members. Results : Among the 20 adolescent, 14 were female. From five teenagers using anti-hypertension or hypoglycemic drugs before surgery, four (80%) had drug discontinuation and one (20%) reduced the dose in 50% postoperatively. The average weight loss was 45.4 kg after a mean follow up of 60 months. There were no deaths or severe postoperative complications. Among those who underwent postoperative follow-up with a multidisciplinary team, 18 were with BMI<30. Conclusions : Adolescents undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has good response in relation to weight loss and improvement of comorbidities. There was a low rate of complications and no deaths. All patients were satisfied with their personal results.
Digestibility of phosphorus in powder and microgranular phosphate in diets for pigs
Authors: ROCHA JUNIOR Carlos Magno da , TEIXEIRA Alexandre de Oliveira , HANNAS Melissa Izabel , SANTANA Ana Lúcia Almeida , CARVALHO Thony Assis , OLIVEIRA Bárbara Lopes de , MOREIRA Leonardo Marmo , BRIGHENTI Carla Regina Guimarães
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study was realized with the objective to determine the apparent and standardized digestibilities of phosphates to pigs in growing phase, employing two methodologies. Forty-two crossbred barrows with an initial weight of 37 ± 1.1kg were used in a randomized-block design in a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement, with two collection methods: total fecal collection and the use of a indicator (acid insoluble ash [AIA]) × seven treatments, which consisted of a control diet (CTR); three diets containing phosphate in powder form (PP): PPA= CTR + powder phosphate A, PPB= CTR + powder phosphate B, and PPC= CTR + powder phosphate C; and another three diets containing the microgranular phosphate (MP): MP15= CTR + microgranular phosphate 15%, MP45 = CTR + microgranular phosphate 45% and MP75= CTR + microgranular phosphate 75%). The values of 15, 45, and 75% correspond to the water-solubility of the phosphates. There were six replicates, and the pig was considered as experimental unit. The standardized digestibility coefficients of the phosphates assessed by the total collection method, in percent values, were: PPA = 86.9, PPB = 84.9, PPC = 81.9, MP15 = 89.4, MP45 = 88.8, and MP75 = 92.6. The standardized-digestibility coefficients of the phosphates evaluated by the indicator method (AIA) in percent values were: PPA = 75.9, PPB = 75.4, PPC = 75.6, MP15 = 84.9, MP45 = 78.0, and MP75 = 79.4. Considering the two methodologies evaluated in the present work, the microgranular phosphates constitute the best alternative for feeding pigs in the growth phase.
Estudo colaborativo para avaliação dos teores de matéria seca em alimentos
Authors: SOUZA Marjorrie Augusto de , DETMANN Edenio , VALADARES FILHO Sebastião de Campos , FRANCO Marcia de Oliveira , ROCHA Gabriel Cipriano , CABRAL Luciano da Silva
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se conduzir estudo colaborativo para avaliação do teor de matéria seca em alimentos em seis laboratórios de análise de alimentos de instituições integrantes do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Ciência Animal (INCT-CA). Avaliaram-se seis alimentos: cana-de-açúcar, silagem de milho, capim-elefante, farelo de soja, polpa cítrica e mistura de milho grão com ureia (9:1). Solicitou-se a cada laboratório análises das amostras por onze dias, consecutivos ou não, sendo realizadas três repetições por amostra por dia de avaliação. Observou-se variação entre laboratórios, dias de análise e efeito de interação de material e laboratório. Avaliação comparativa das médias produzidas pelos laboratórios e pelo método de Karl Fischer indicou que 11,1% das avaliações foram exatas. A variação dos resultados entre laboratórios correspondeu de 54,1 a 79,2% da variação aleatória total. Verificou-se que a repetibilidade representou de 6,24 a 26,45% da reprodutibilidade. Observou-se razões de Horwitz inferiores a 2 para os materiais avaliados. Percebeu-se que 52,8% das avaliações apresentaram variações das estimativas em função do dia no qual a análise foi realizada. Elevada variabilidade inter-laboratorial foi verificada por intermédio da avaliação dos questionários enviados aos laboratórios para elucidação dos principais procedimentos adotados, evidenciando possíveis causas da alta variação dos resultados.
Input Linkages and the Transmission of Shocks: Firm-Level Evidence from the 2011 Tohōku Earthquake
Authors: Boehm Christoph E. , Flaaen Aaron B. , Pandalai-Nayar Nitya
Published: October 2015

Using novel firm-level microdata and leveraging a natural experiment, this paper provides causal evidence for the role of trade and multinational firms in the cross-country transmission of shocks. Foreign multinational affiliates in the U.S. exhibit substantial intermediate input linkages with their source country. The scope for these linkages to generate cross-country spillovers in the domestic market depends on the elasticity of substitution with respect to other inputs. Using the 2011 Tohoku earthquake as an exogenous shock, we estimate this elasticity for those firms most reliant on Japanese imported inputs: the U.S. affiliates of Japanese multinationals. These firms suffered large drops in U.S. output in the months following the shock, roughly one-for-one with the drop in imports and consistent with a Leontief relationship between imported and domestic inputs. Structural estimates of the production function for all firms with input linkages to Japan yield disaggreg ated production elasticities that are similarly low. Our results suggest that global supply chains are sufficiently rigid to play an important role in the cross-country transmission of shocks.
Training the Research Master Students to be Ready to Use the Cultural-Historical Psychology and Activity Approach for the Analysis of the Pre-school Educational Practice
Authors: Burlakova I.A.
Published: October 2015

The paper presents some results of testing the variable module of educational program of “Cultural-Historical Psychology and Activity Approach in Education” regarding the establishment of research competencies to solve the problems of pre-school education and readiness to apply the theoretical principles of cultural-historical psychology and activity approach for the analysis of educational practices. The structure of the module, the tasks of each component and feature of their realization are described. The aims and objectives of each sub-module are named. Special attention is paid to the submodule dedicated to the development and organization of gaming activities, the development of a preschooler during the game. The author has analyzed and proposed solutions to problems of development of the theoretical contents and solving practical problems encountered in the implementation of this sub-module.
Introduction of Research Master Students in the Problems of the Organization of Learning Activities in the Secondary School (Based on the Natural Sciences)
Authors: Guruzhapov V.A. , Sanina S.P.
Published: October 2015

The article focuses on the designing of disciplines, based on the competence and activity approach to the content and methods of training of future teachers in the research psycho-pedagogical master’s program. Particular attention is paid to the creation of problematic situations, in which research master students find themselves in the position of supervisors examining the educational activity. The authors provide examples of how students perform expert-analytical tasks based on analysis of training activities developed in the theory of developmental education by Davydov scholar school. There are samples of test items to assess how students have learned the content of the discipline, as well as to determine their ability and willingness to perform professional activities. These tasks were performed by master students as well as developing training teachers in elementary school and secondary school teachers. Testing the «Design and research of learning activities in the science lessons in secondary school» course allows us pre argue that psycho-pedagogical research master program allows to train future research training specialist using professional tasks related to expertise and design of training activities. Master students reach an acceptable level of competence for the performing the expert-analytical tasks. We propose to discuss if natural-scientific training of master students is one of the conditions for full cooperation between future research training specialist and teachers in order to improve the education of adolescents in the field of natural sciences.
Calculation of displacements in a viscoelastic square plate with a round cut
Authors: Ivanov E. Yu.
Published: October 2015

Calculation of the strained state of structures made of anisotropic viscoelastic materials under the influence of temperatures is reduced to the calculation of the strained state of structures made of elastic materials on the basis of the conformity principle developed earlier. A method of calculating the strained state of non-uniform anisotropic structures of an arbitrary shape in the case of their static loading under the influence of temperatures has been developed on the basis of this principle. Displacements caused by the influence of external variable pressure and variable temperature field inside a steel square plate with a round cut are calculated. The problem of linear incoherent thermoviscoelasticity selected as a model provides a strict analytical solution, convenient for the analysis of steel parts in different operation modes.
The effect of the way of setting boundary conditions on the results of modeling a flow at the flameholder outlet
Authors: Kolomzarov O. V. , Anisimov V. M. , Zubrilin I. A.
Published: October 2015

The influence of different algorithms of generating inlet turbulent fluctuations on the results of calculating the flow parameters downstream the flameholder is discussed in the paper. Large eddy simulation is used on a turbulence model with a subgrid Smagorinsky-Lilli model. Propane-air mixture with a temperature of 300 K in a square-section channel is investigated. A bluff body with a base of an equilateral triangle with the side length equal to 25 mm is placed inside the channel. The mass-averaged inlet velocity is 10 m/s. Several ways of setting inlet boundary conditions are considered. Two cases without turbulence at the inlet (uniform velocity distribution across the inlet section and pipe velocity profile) and two cases with artificially modeled turbulence (vortex method and spectral turbulence synthesizer) are analyzed. The values of flow intensity upstream the stabilizer, the distribution of flow velocity and kinetic energy in longitudinal and cross sections downstream the stabilizer have been obtained. The graphs of the velocity fluctuation power density spectrum are also presented.
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency in the Range 8.2-12.4 GHz of Polymer Composites with Dispersed Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Gubarevich Anna V. , Komoriya Kazuki , Odawara Osamu
Published: October 2015

In the present work, electromagnetic interference shielding properties of polymer composites with dispersed cup-stacked carbon nanotubes, graphite nanoparticles and carbon black were investigated. The polymer composites with carbon nanoparticles content from 1 to 5 w% were successfully prepared by the coagulation method, and composite sheets with thickness from 0.25 to 0.77 mm were formed by the hot press technique. The electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency measured in the frequency range of 8.2~12.4 GHz (X-band) of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes/polymer composite was considerably higher than that of carbon black and graphite nanoparticles polymer composites at the same contents of carbon nanoparticles, and contribution of absorption to the shielding efficiency was found to be higher than that of reflection.
Applications of Nanomaterials in Energetic Formulations: Classification, Production and Properties
Authors: Berner M.K. , Talawar M.B.
Published: October 2015

In this article authors present a classification, description and competitive analyze of the main methods for production of nano scale and nanostructured materials for propellants application. Main advantages and difficulties concomitant with nanomaterials use in propellant formulations are mentioned in the beginning of the article. Specific issues related with high reactivity and pyrophoricity of nanomaterials and related risks are analyzed. Methods for nanomaterials’ surface preservation and passivation are also classified and discussed. The focus is on those methods that are most widely used, and those that are considered promising today.
Rapid Screening Method for the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS
Authors: Alimzhanova M.B. , Abilev M.B. , Kuandykova M.M. , Kenessov B.N. , Kamysbayev D.K.
Published: October 2015

Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in water is an important tool for monitoring of contamination due to oil spills or leaking storage tanks. In this study, a screening method for the quantification of total petroleum hydrocarbons in water based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is presented. Extraction of hydrocarbons from water samples were conducted by SPME fiber coating placed into the headspace above water. Petroleum hydrocarbons were desorbed from the fiber coating in the injection port of gas chromatograph. The effect of the following parameters affecting the distribution of the analytes between three phases on the response of TPH were studied: SPME fiber coating type and dimensions, extraction temperature, extraction time and pH. The optimized method uses 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating, extraction time 600 s, extraction temperature 80 °C, without addition of salt at basic pH. The developed method was successfully applied for detection of total petroleum hydrocarbons in water taken from Koschagyl oil fields and Koschagyl village.
Carbon / Epoxy Resin Based Elastic Memory Composites
Authors: Dyana Merline J. , Reghunadhan Nair C.P.
Published: October 2015

Elastic memory composites were processed from shape memory epoxy resins and carbon fabric reinforcements. Three different types of epoxies (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, tris(4-glycidyloxy phenyl)methane, and epoxy novolac) were used as matrices. Developed composites were evaluated for flexural strength and analyzed by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal analysis. Of the three different epoxy systems with carbon: resin ratio of 50:50, the composite with diepoxy system exhibited maximum glass transition value of 119 °C, epoxy novalac system exhibited a low glass transition value of 54 °C and the tris epoxy system exhibited a glass transition of 100 °C respectively. The flexural strength and modulus of the composites were optimised at a concentration of 40 wt.%. The transition temperature also showed a maximum at around this composition. Bending test was adopted for the shape memory evaluation. All the developed composites exhibited more than 90% shape recovery. The diepoxy resin series of composites exhibited the maximum shape recovery of 97%. The shape recovery properties of the tris epoxy and epoxy novolac-based composites were inferior. For the diepoxy resin-based system, the shape recovery time was proportional to the resin content. The shape recovery of composite with 80% resin was demonstrated experimentally. The properties of the composites show that these systems have the required elastic memory characteristics for possible use in thermo-responsive self-deployable applications.
Remarks on ISRU and ISFR Technologies for Manned Missions on Moon and Mars
Authors: Concas A. , Corrias G. , Orrù R. , Licheri R. , Pisu M. , Cao G.
Published: October 2015

Space colonization and exploitation of extra-terrestrial natural resources could help humanity in facing various Earth problems. In this regard, production of energy and materials starting from Moon and Mars natural resources as well as the transportation of humans in space could be considered the long term remedy to issues such as overpopulation, depletion of fossil fuels, climate change as well as reduction of available natural resources. Along theses lines, two recently filed patents related to use of novel technologies for the in situ exploitation of natural resources available on Moon and Mars have been developed.
The Multifunctional Automobile Gasoline Additive on the Basis of Amino-Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Compounds
Authors: Mamytov K.Zh. , Beisenbayev O.K. , Shvets V.F. , Syrmanova K.K.
Published: October 2015

Octane improvement can be attained by two ways. They are increasing the high-octane oil fraction output and using the alternative antiknock additive. The first method is reasonable for countries with developed oil refining system, which possess sufficient capacities for catalytic cracking, isomerization and alkylation. At this time the second version is more suitable to Kazakhstan’s oils. The additive is represented in the paper; this additive allows to increase antiknock properties (octane number) and to decrease harmful component content in exhaust gases, tar deposit on engine feed system as well as to extend the term of service of catalysts for exhaust gas purification. Regulation the high knock characteristic of gasoline is one of requirements to motor fuel producers. It is attained by up-to-date technological processes using with minimal hydrocarbon material losses associated with it’s conversion into less valuable side products. Aromatic amines are ammonia derivatives like fatty amines. An amine group can be bonded with a nuclear directly or be in a lateral chain. Like in aliphatic series aromatic amines can be primary, secondary and tertiary ones. Depending on radicals (aromatic only or aromatic and aliphatic) bonded with an atom of nitrogen, pure aromatic and fatty aromatic amines are distinguished. N-methylaniline (monomethylaniline, extraline) refers to the substituted arylamine class. High-antiknock additive MMA and thereupon basis additives are used at petroleum refining enterprises to adjust gasoline octane number in production of any mark gasoline. MMA conforms to up-to-date European standards in physicalchemical and operational properties. MMA is several times more cost-efficient than MTBE. To increase octane number from 76 till 92, 2.5% ММА is required.
Some Aspects of Mineral and Organic Nutrition for Improved Yield and Oil Contents of Mustard (Brassica Juncea)
Authors: Vassilina T. , Umbetov A. , Cihacek L.J. , Vassilina G.
Published: October 2015

Fertilizers are a powerful control instrument for plant products. For more objective estimation of the role of fertilizers in development and crop formation of mustard (Brassica juncea), it is necessary to have data on rates and character of absorption of nutrients. The maintenance and as the sizes of receipt of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium culture crops depended on their features and nutrient conditions.The experiment was conducted during the 2008-2009 (2009), 2009-2010 (2010) and 2010-2011 (2011) growing seasons on a meadow chestnut soil at the experimental station "Agrouniversity" of the Kazakh National Agrarian University of Almaty in Kazakhstan to evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers, their combination on nutrient uptake, yield and oil content of mustard (Brassica juncea) in short crop rotations (three year rotations). Fertilizers rate had a significant effect on N, P, and K at all vegetation stages. It has been established that annual application of N75P50K45 mineral fertilizers or 30 Mg/ha of cow dung a time in three year is necessary to get the seed yield 2.32 and 2.18 Mg/ha. With fertilization, the product quality enhances, i.e. crude oil content, which maximum quantity was recorded in case of manure and vermicompost treatments.
Formulating Drugs for Inhalers and Stability Issues
Authors: Toon R.C. , Preedy E.C. , Prokopovich P.
Published: October 2015

The main topic addressed in this paper is the formulation of pressurised metered dose inhalers and the problems associated with formulating medications for high pressure systems. Formulations for pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) generally consist of two main types, solution and suspension-based systems. In the latter version, the active ingredient ideally remains mainly in the solid state, which can thus reduce problems with chemical degradation. However, the physical stability of such systems, in terms of aggregation, flocculation, creaming, sedimentation, propellant clathrates and bridging can then become problematic. The problems associated with solution-based systems revolve around the chemical
stability of the active ingredients.
The Quantitative Theory of Diffraction by Spiral Nanotubes
Authors: Figovsky O. , Pashin D. , Khalitov Z. , Valeeva D.
Published: October 2015

The quantitative theory of diffraction by spiral nanotubes of any chemical composition is offered. Distribution of diffraction intensities along layer lines and layer planes, strong and diffuse reflexes, pseudoorthogonality effect has been simulated and analyzed. The investigation is oriented to electron microdiffraction from a single nanotube.
Biochemical Assessment of the Effects of Crude Oil and Ciprofloxacin Intoxication on Liver of Male Tats
Authors: Shalahmetova T.M. , Mahmoud K.E. , Umbayev B.A.
Published: October 2015

Biochemical techniques were used to investigate the development of hepatoxic effects caused by single exposure to crude oil (CO, 3.0 ml/kg bw) and/or ciprofloxacin (CFX, 200 mg/kg bw) in male albino rats. The results showed that hepatic P-450 1A content in crude oil exposed rats was induced after
1 day to 4 fold and reached maximum 7.6 fold after 2 days compared with control and then fell to the first day degree. CFX exposed rats significantly inhibit the hepatic P-450 1A content while in crude oil and CFX co-exposed group it induced but in lesser degree than that induced by crude oil alone. Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 1A has no effect on the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) while its activation latter was caused by elimination of the inhibitor from the body and delayed activation of cytochrome P-450 1A. Single exposure of both crude oil and CFX lead to destructive changes in liver cells and inhibition of CYP1A by ciprofloxacin could not protect against lipid peroxidation induced by crude oil.
Removal of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solution Via Carbonized date Pits and Carbonized Rice Husks
Authors: El-Dars F.M.S.E. , Sayed A-E. O. , Salah B.A. , Shalabi M.E.H.
Published: October 2015

The adsorption of nickel from liquid solutions onto carbonized date pits (CDP) and rice husks (CRH) has been investigated in the current study. The process was studied in a batch system with respect to the initial pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose and nickel initial concentration. The results showed that the experimental data was well represented by first order model for CDP and second order model for CRH. Based on the kinetic modeling, the apparent activation energies calculated were 7.84 kJ and 18.502 kJ/mol for CDP and CRH, respectively. The results also indicated that process of nickel uptake by CDP and CRH was physical adsorption process. The equilibrium data for CDP indicated that it fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir models. However, adsorption onto CRH fitted Freundlich model better based upon the higher value of R2 obtained. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) calculated from the experimental data indicated that the process was endothermic and spontaneous.
Synthesis of Powder Materials with Particles Encapsulated into Carbon Containing Nanostructural Films
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Mofa N.N. , Shabanova T.A.
Published: October 2015

Particles of a complex structure: a quartz nucleus encapsulated into metalpolymer carbon containing nanosize film of the type “cluspol” have been obtained as a result of mechanochemical treatment of quartz with carbon containing organic compounds. Electronmicroscopic investigations show the diversity of morphological forms and nanostructural carbon formations on the surface of modified quartz particles. Depending on the regimes of mechanochemical treatment, the obtained materials are characterized by considerable changes in electromagnetic properties. The choice of carbon containing modifiers provided a highly active physico-chemical state of quartz of a prolonged action.
Survival of a Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism in Ion-Sterile Carriers
Authors: Er F. , Ogut M.
Published: October 2015

A cold-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) was isolated from roots of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Studies involving phosphate solubilization in liquid culture and survival of the PSB in non-sterile zeolite, leonardite, peat, rock phosphate, and an organic fertilizer were performed. The PSB was able to dissolve 163 ppm P with a simultaneous fall in pH (from 7.7 to 5.7) in Pikovskaya’s medium during a ten-day incubation. The number of PSB declined logarithmically in 28 oC incubation regardless of the carrier. The rate of decrease in PSB population was less pronounced in zeolite. However, the PSB’s population density increased up to 109 cfu g-1, and stayed in the range of 108 to 109 cfu g-1 in zeolite and rock phosphate after 13-weeks of storage at +4 oC. The contaminant microorganisms also grew in the carriers, with population densities ranging between 108 to 109 cfu g-1 at week-9. The suppression of the local microorganisms is required to increase the quality of organic fertilizer by the addition of PSB. Zeolite could be a good carrier, due to its large surface area and porosity, which allow high number of microorganisms to occupy.
Preparation, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Condensed Sodium Phosphates
Authors: Hanna Adli A. , Sherief Marwa A. , Morsi Reham M.M.
Published: October 2015

Condensed phosphates are generally prepared from their simple phosphates by heating at high temperature. The formation, structure and the morphology of the resultant condensed phosphates depend on the kind of inorganic cations as well as the conditions of preparation, temperature, heating time, and cooling rate of the melt. Condensed sodium phosphates were prepared by thermal treatment of NaH2PO4, the effect of calcinated temperature, also was studied. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, Transmission electron microscope (TEM).The results indicate that the produced phosphate depends on the heat of calcinations. The electrical conductivity of the product was measured in range from room temperature up to 300 0C. The measurements show that the condensed phosphates tend to be a semiconductor material.
Copper (II) Mediated Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 1.
Authors: Abdreimova R.R. , Faizova F.Kh. , Karimova A.A.
Published: October 2015

White phosphorus has been oxidized by copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates in aliphatic alcohols to yield dialkyl phosphates and trialkyl phosphates under inert atmosphere and mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) oxidants on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. The order of oxidative ability of the copper (II) compounds has been established. The major steps of the reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion and (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product have been also suggested.
Copper (II) Catalyzed Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 2.
Authors: Abdreimova R.R. , Faizova F.Kh. , Karimova A.A.
Published: October 2015

White phosphorus has been catalytically oxidized by oxygen in alcoholic solutions of copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates to yield dialkyl phosphites and trialkyl phosphates under mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) catalysts on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. It has been found that the Cu(II) compounds take a role of catalysts-electron-carriers from white phosphorus to oxygen. The indispensable molar ratio between catalyst and white phosphorus and the order of catalytic activity for the copper (II) compounds have been established. The major steps of the catalytic reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion, (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product and (iii) the oxidation of the reduced form of catalyst by oxygen have been
also suggested.
Photo-Structural Transformations in Amorphous Chalcogenide Glassy Semiconductor Films
Authors: Prikhodko O. , Almasov N. , Korobova N. , Duysembaev S. , Turmanova K. , Tsendin K.
Published: October 2015

The absence of deep traps for electrons in the spectrum of As40Se30S30 localized states films obtained by ion sputtering was determined. Bipolar drift of charge carriers was found in amorphous As40Se30S30 films of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors, obtained by ion-plasma sputtering of high-frequency, unlike the films of these materials obtained by thermal evaporation.
Morphological Studies on CNT Reinforced SiC/SiOC Composites
Authors: Manocha L.M. , Basak Arpana , Manocha S. , Darji Ankur
Published: October 2015

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown on commercially available silicon carbide (SiC) fabric by the catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) technique. These CNT coated SiC fabrics were used to develop Silicon Carbide–Carbon Nanotube–Silicon oxy Carbide matrix composites (SiC/CNTs/SiOC) by sol gel technique. Silicon oxy Carbide refers to carbon containing silicates wherein oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon in the amorphous network structure. In this approach, alkyl-substituted silicon alkoxides, which are molecular precursors containing oxygen and carbon functionalities on the silicon, are hydrolyzed and condensed in the presence of sucrose, which provides excess of carbon to bond into the silicon alkoxide network during hydrolysis. A low-temperature (1000 °C) heat-treatment of the gel creates a glassy silicate material whose molecular structure consists of an oxygen/carbon anionic network. The microstructures of these hybrid materials and their composites have been studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscope.
Effect of Carbon Fiber Addition on Ceramic Reinforced Phenolic Resin Based Friction Composites
Authors: Manocha L.M. , Prasad Guddu , Manocha S.
Published: October 2015

Carbon fibers have been used as additional reinforcing fibers to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin-based ceramic-carbon composites. The composites comprising ceramic particulates such as Silicon carbide, Boron carbide of 1-30 micron size as reinforcement and phenolic resin as matrix carbon precursor were prepared by compaction method followed by carbonization to 1000 °C in inert atmosphere. Experimental results indicate that carbonization results in decrease in thickness and weight, the amount of reduction increasing with addition of carbon fibers results in compact high density composites. Composites comprising of 10 wt. % fibers exhibited maximum hardness, compressive strength and density after  carbonization. Tribological properties of the composites were evaluated against Cr6 ball using a pin-on-disc Tribometer with different linear speed, sliding distance and load conditions. It was found that the composites filled with lower amount of carbon fibers showed relatively higher friction coefficient value. Also, it was noted that friction coefficient increases with increase in the applied load (1N, 2N and 5N) and linear speed.
Microhardnes Studies on Oxodized and Pure Carbazole Single Crystal Cleavages
Authors: Yagnik J.H. , Yagnik Mr. S.
Published: October 2015

Microhardness studies have been carried out to study the effect of impurities on hardness in term of the deformation behavior. The present communication compares the variation of microhardness with load of pure and oxidized carbazole single crystals. Plot is observer that there are four humps for the pure carbazole crystal around 20 gm, 40 gm, 60 gm, and 80 gm. Whereas in the case of oxidized carbazole a small humps around 50 gm and three other prominent humps at 60 gm, 75 gm and 90 mg are observed. These humps are due to cause of slip on the different crystallography planes and the shift in the humps postions is due to the impurities hindering the slip is taking place at law loads.
Mechanochemical Activation and Reaction Capacity of SHS-Systems on the Base of Quartz
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Mofa N.N.
Published: October 2015

The influence of different characteristics of mechanochemical activation on changes of structure and energy characteristics of silicon dioxide (quartz) is considered in this work. It is shown that after treatment in mill in the presence of different modificators, the quartz samples are complex composite formation, composed of crystalline, amorphous and polymeric component, and also contain inclusions of iron and carbon. Polymerized surface layer provides the encapsulation of the energy state of activated particle. Particularities of the technological combustion systems with active and modified quartz are investigated. The using of modifying agents leads to increasing of maximum combustion temperature, increasing of combustion process time as well as the change of phase composition of synthesis products. It is shown that alteration the sizes of synthesized sample (products) we can change the heat dissipation conditions, kinetic of reaction development and temperature in combustion wave. “The process scale” of solid phase combustion at material synthesis appears in change of the phase composition of obtained materials.
Viscosity Measurements of Different Fluids Used for Mobility Control in Mature Reservoirs
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud , Kinyua Denzel , Chancellor Cody
Published: October 2015

In the oil industry, it is important to increase the mobility of hydrocarbon fluids (oil and/or gas) and decrease the mobility of water. Doing so results in an increase in oil production and a decrease in unwanted water production. Polymers have been widely used to increase water viscosity, causing a decrease in water mobility. Surfactants have been used to change reservoir wettability and to clean the rock surface. The use of surfactants changes the formation wettability from oil wet to water wet. This results in an increase in oil production from various water wet sandstone and carbonate formations. Low water salinity has also been used to enhance oil recovery. The mobility of the oil should be more than the mobility of the water to ensure maximum extraction efficiency. As a result, viscosity measurements are very important in determining the impact of a viscous fluid in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We measured the viscosity of mixed fluids used in the oil industry such as brines of varying concentration (Sodium Chloride and Calcium Chloride solutions) and various polymer solutions at different temperatures.
Mechano-Activation and SHS of Difficultly Taken Ore
Authors: Bayrakova O. , Golovchenko O. , Aknazarov S.
Published: October 2015

Technological parameters of opening refractory ores by mechanical activation which determine remaining and the morphology of the samples after mechanical activation, SHS synthesis and the leaching process has been defined. Mechano-chemical activation of arsenopirita in different modes increases process have been defined. Optimal conditions for activation: time - 30 min at a ratio of grinding media and mineral 2:1. Leaching rate was higher for the activated samples the same amount of time than the original. Extraction of gold for the chosen optimum conditions is 93.2-95 %.
Influence of Activated Carbon in the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Matos Juan , Quintana Karina , Garcia Andreina
Published: October 2015

Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) on TiO2 in presence of activated carbons (AC) was studied. Apparent first order rate constant for the degradation of MB was higher in presence of any AC indicating that the binary materials TiO2-AC showed a clear enhancement in the photocatalytic activity relative to TiO2 and this enhancement was associated with the properties of AC.
Promoter Effect upon Activated Carbon-Supported Ni-Based Catalysts in Dry Methane Reforming
Authors: Matos Juan , Rosales Maibelin
Published: October 2015

The influence of selected promoters such as Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn upon activated carbon-supported Ni-based catalysts in the dry methane reforming under mild experimental conditions (650 ºC, 1 atm) was verified. It was found that Ni-Mg catalyst showed the highest initial catalytic activity followed by NiCa/AC catalyst. As expected, catalysts promoted with the most basic oxides such as MgO or CaO showed moderate deactivation after 4 h reaction ascribed to the basic Lewis behaviour which stabilize Ni-based catalysts.
Mesoporous Carbon-Based Rhodium Catalysts for Benzene Hydrogenation
Authors: Jandosov J.M. , Mansurov Z.A. , Biisenbayev M.A. , Ismagilov Z.R. , Shikina N.V. , Ismagilov I.Z. , Konuspayev S.R. , Shaymardan M.
Published: October 2015

Two different carbons, namely CAS-P-500 and CRH-P-500, were prepared from apricot stones and rice husk by H3PO4-activation at 500 °C and H3PO4/precursor (wt/wt) impregnation ratio of 2:1 followed by water washing and desilication by NaOH solution respectively. Elemental analyses of both samples using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and VARIO ELEMENTAR III elemental analyzer detected up to 1% of remained phosphorus and about 88% of carbon. SEM characterization and nitrogen adsorption data revealed that highly mesoporous materials were obtained. According to BJH scheme calculations, N2 BET-surface area and pore volume for CAS-P-500 reached the values of 2030 m2/g and 1.64 cm3/g, while for CRH-P-500: 1690 m2/g and 1.95 cm3/g respectively. Activated carbons CAS-P-500 and CRH-P-500 were used as catalyst supports for the conversion of small amounts of benzene into cyclohexane to obtain cleaner gasoline. According to Euro-3 standards, gasoline should contain less than 1% of benzene, since the incomplete combustion of gasoline, which contains benzene, leads to formation of benzopyrene- a powerful carcinogen in exhaust gases. The activity of rhodium catalysts based on the CAS-P-500 and CRH-P-500 allow complete conversion of benzene into cyclohexane at 40 atm and 80 °C temperature and is comparable to those of based on conventional carbons: “Sibunit”, etc.
THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS PROVIDER OF EXTENSION SERVICES, FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE PROVIDERS
Authors: MASOUDNIA Leila , HOSSEINI Seyed Mamhmood , SARANI Valiollah
Published: October 2015

This study aims to examine the role of the private sector in the provision of extension services, from the perspective of the services providers. The research's statistical population consists of ninety managers of agricultural and rural production cooperatives, private consultants, and wholesalers of fertilizers and pesticides in Urmia and Khuy counties (Iran). The results indicate that most of the respondents (77.8%) assess the quality of performance of private sector in the provision of extension services as moderate and higher and have a positive attitude (medium and high) towards more involvement of the private sector in the provision of such services.
FARMERS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MANGO CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: VERMA Sukh Ram , SINGH Karan , SHARMA Fateh Lal
Published: October 2015

Currently, India is the largest producer of mango and the Rajasthan state is also considered to be the potential area for fruit growing. In Rajasthan, mango is mainly grown in seven out of its 33 districts. The present study was conducted in sixteen villages, where five tribal and five non-tribal mango growers were selected randomly, for a total of 160 farmers . The results show that majority of the respondents have a medium level of knowledge regarding improved mango cultivation techniques. It is further noted that extent of knowledge in non-tribal mango grower is greater than for tribal mango growers. It is also reported that there is a significant difference in knowledge between tribal and non-tribal respondents. More extension activities are consequently suggested, with specific attention to tribal producers.