bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring a novel turbulence model: The Chi-square/inverse Gamma approach for enhanced free space optics (FSO) communication
Authors: Stanojević Nenad , Banđur Đoko , Mosurović Lazar , Spalević Petar , Panić Stefan
Published: February 2025

The manuscript introduces a novel turbulence model for free space optics (FSO) communication, constructed through the amalgamation of two distinct statistical models, rooted in the scintillation theory. A closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the turbulence channel, specifically the Chi-square/inverse Gamma distribution, was deduced. Further the influence of zero boresight pointing errors on the performances of FSO transmission over the obtained atmospheric turbulence channel has been considered. To delve into the intricacies of the channel, an examination of the average bit error rate (ABER) was undertaken as an evaluative metric for the transmitted signal’s quality. The ABER analysis was specifically conducted within the framework of IM/DD (intensity modulation and direct detection) and OOK (on-off keying), considering diverse sets of system parameters and across various turbulence scenarios. In the same manner, ABER analysis has been carried out for the subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) with differential phase-shift keying (DPSK).
Evolving Trends in Socioeconomic Determinants of Low Birth Weight in South Korea: Analysis of 1998-2021 Birth Data
Authors:   Korean Association of Health and Medical Sociology, Kim Gayeon , Son Hyelim
Published: February 2025

Low birth weight (LBW) is a critical early-life factor that shapes human capital development across the lifespan, which may potentially impact long-term socioeconomic inequality. This study examines the relationship between LBW and parental socioeconomic characteristics using 1998-2021 Birth Statistics. We examine disparities in birth outcomes based on parental education, occupation, and marital status, highlighting the role of social inequalities in shaping these outcomes. Higher parental education is linked to greater birth weights and a decreased likelihood of LBW, with maternal education playing an increasingly important role in recent years. Similarly, parental employment in white-collar occupations is associated with improved birth outcomes. In contrast, children born out of wedlock are more likely to have lower birth weights and a higher risk of LBW, an effect that has grown more significant over time. These findings emphasize the need to consider the dynamic nature of these factors in the development of policies aimed at addressing LBW.
A Comprehensive Review of Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation Techniques and Algorithms
Authors: Kulkarni Saanvi , Thakur Avani , Soni Samraddhi , Hiwale Anil , Belsare Madhavi H. , Raj A. A. Bazil
Published: February 2025

Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation is a pivotal aspect of Array Signal Processing (ASP) with significant implications for the performance of modern communication systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of DOA estimation techniques, encompassing both classical and advanced algorithms. Key methods such as MUSIC, ESPRIT, and their variations as well as Beamforming techniques are analysed for their theoretical foundations, computational complexity, and performance under various conditions. MATLAB simulations are conducted to evaluate the impact of critical parameters such as array element spacing, array geometry, number of snapshots, and signal incidence angle differences on estimation accuracy. Special attention is given to the challenges and enhancements in DOA estimation for MIMO systems, highlighting future directions in adaptive and machine learning-based approaches. The study emphasizes the potential of DOA estimation in applications spanning radar, sonar, wireless communication, and beyond, aiming to bridge gaps between current methodologies and emerging requirements.
High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation versus Conventional Airway Clearance Techniques in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dzaki Murtadho  , Irvan Medison  , Deddy Herman
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a chronic lung disease characterized by irreversible airway dilation and impaired mucociliary clearance, leading to chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent infections. This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) with conventional airway clearance techniques (CACT) in adults with NCFB.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted from January 2013 to March 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFCWO with CACT (postural drainage, percussion, active cycle of breathing technique, positive expiratory pressure therapy) in adults with NCFB were included. The primary outcomes were a change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and sputum weight. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, exacerbation frequency, and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.
Results: Nine RCTs involving a total of 485 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in FEV1 change between HFCWO and CACT (mean difference [MD] 0.05 L, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.02 to 0.12; I² = 45%). HFCWO was associated with a statistically significant increase in sputum weight compared to CACT. SGRQ total score showed a statistically significant improvement in the HFCWO group compared to CACT (MD -4.21, 95% CI -7.88 to -0.54; I² = 58%).
Conclusion: HFCWO may provide a modest benefit in terms of increased sputum clearance and improved quality of life compared to CACT in adults with NCFB. However, there was no significant difference in lung function (FEV1) or exacerbation frequency. The moderate to high heterogeneity in some outcomes suggests that further research is needed to confirm these findings and identify patient subgroups who may benefit most from HFCWO.
The Impact of Trauma-Informed Care on Mental Health Outcomes for Incarcerated Youth: A Longitudinal Study in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Dedi Affandi  , Ericca Dominique Perez  , Winata Putri  , Anies Fatmawati  , Alex Putra Pratama
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Incarcerated youth represent a vulnerable population with disproportionately high rates of trauma exposure and mental health disorders. This study investigated the longitudinal impact of a trauma-informed care (TIC) program on mental health outcomes for incarcerated youth in Bandung, Indonesia.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, comparing a group of incarcerated youth who received TIC with a control group receiving standard care. Participants (n=200) were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using validated instruments measuring PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems. Data analysis included repeated measures ANOVA and correlational analyses.
Results: Youth in the TIC group demonstrated significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety over time compared to the control group. Improvements in behavioral problems were also observed in the TIC group. These positive changes were sustained over the 12-month period.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of TIC in improving mental health outcomes for incarcerated youth. Implementing TIC programs in juvenile detention facilities is crucial for addressing the mental health needs of this vulnerable population.
Adopter Category Characterizations and the Adoption of Mobile Phone Applications for Improved Small-scale Commercial Agriculture in Chitomborwizi-Makonde District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muzanenhamo Tonderai J. , Mubaya Chipo Plaxedes , Tsvere Maria
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to explore adopter category characterizations on the adoption of mobile phone applications for improved small-scale commercial agriculture in Makonde District, Zimbabwe. The study utilized Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory’s (DIT) adopter categories to proffer a comprehensive perspective for analysing small-scale commercial farmers’ adoption characteristics in small-scale commercial agriculture. The study adopted a qualitative methodology, a case study research design, a sample of 12 research participants and in-depth key informant interviews. The study utilized purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather primary data. The study employed thematic analysis to analyze primary data. The research results demonstrated that farmers’ adopter characteristics (age, education, social status, financial support, digital literacy and technical proficiency, access to electricity and access to internet connectivity and network coverage) positively and negatively influenced the adoption of mobile applications. The results highlighted that innovator adopters, early adopters and early majority adopters were more likely to adopt mobile applications because these adopters showed more interest in mobile applications. In contrast, late majority adopters and laggards were less likely to adopt mobile applications because these adopters were less interested in the adoption of mobile applications. Further, innovator adopters, early adopters and early majority adopters’ category characteristics enabled them to adopt mobile applications, while late majority adopters and laggards’ adopters’ category characterisations hindered the adoption of mobile applications. The study concluded that adopter category characterisations had differing impacts on small-scale commercial farmers' adoption of mobile applications. In addition, the study findings indicated that small-scale commercial farmers belong to different adopter categories and do not fit into the homogenous category of mobile application adopters. The study recommends the need to classify small-scale commercial farmers’ adopter category characteristics to tailor strategies that promote the widespread adoption of mobile applications for improved small-scale commercial agriculture.
A blokklánc technológia felhasználásának lehetőségei és kihívásai a Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal feladatköreinél
Authors: Novák Máté
Published: February 2025

A kutatás központi témája a blokklánc technológia, annak alkalmazásához és felhasználásához szükséges háttértudás feltérképezése, tekintettel a Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal feladatellátására. A tanulmány célja betekintést nyújtani, hogy miképp lehet alkalmazni a technológiát az állami adó- és vámhatóság szemszögéből, a különböző eljárási és elvi kihívásoknak megfelelően. A blockchain-re történő átállás nemcsak az adóhatóság feladatellátást könnyítené meg, de egyúttal forradalmi áttörést okozna mind az adattárolásban, mind a hatóság és az adózók közötti bizalmi kapcsolat kiépítésében, továbbá az etikus adózás elérésében és annak ösztönzésében. A dolgozat a blokklánc teljeskörű feltérképezésén túl, esetpéldákkal és alternatív megoldások ismertetésével teszi szemléletessé, ugyanakkor az olvasó számára elgondolkodtatóvá a témát.
Kőtáblától a mesterséges intelligenciáig : a vámtarifák fejlődése a kezdetektől napjainkig
Authors: Zsámbokiné Ficskovszky Ágnes
Published: February 2025

A vámtarifák sok száz éve állnak rendelkezésünkre a kereskedelem szabályozásának egyik legalapvetőbb eszközeként. A mai világ külkereskedelme elképzelhetetlen lenne egy olyan kódolási rendszer nélkül, amellyel biztonságosan történhet meg annak a milliónyi árucikknek a bekategorizálása, amely naponta mozog a világkereskedelem hálózatában. Az országokon átívelő áruforgalom gazdasági, logisztikai és technikai lebonyolításában rendkívüli szerepet játszik az az egységes kódrendszer, amelyet az országok vámtarifaként alkalmaznak. A tanulmány azokra a kérdésekre igyekszik választ adni, hogy mikor és hogyan alakulhatott ki az első vámtarifa, milyen fontosabb fejlődési szakaszokon ment keresztül és milyen fejlődési tendenciák várhatóak a jövőre nézve.
Rendőrből ellenőr? : A forgalmi adóztatás és az adódetektívek tevékenysége az első világháború után
Authors: Czene-Polgár Viktória
Published: February 2025

Az 1. világháború rombolásai és következményei súlyos problémák elé állították a magyar pénzügyi kormányt, amely az adóbevételek révén igyekezett magát a felszínen tartani. Ennek egyik lépése az 1921-ben bevezetett általános forgalmi adó volt, amely azóta is a magyar adórendszer központi eleme. Az 1921-es jogszabály bevezetésétől – amely szinte minden önálló kereseti tevékenységet, amely bevétel elérésére irányult, általános forgalmi adóval sújtott –, jelentős költségvetési bevételeket vártak, amelynek érdekében az adózókat szigorúan ellenőrizték, az adó meg nem fizetését súlyosan szankcionálták és egy rövid időre az államrendőrség tagjait az adóellenőrök körébe vonták.
A pénzügyőr tisztjelölti jogállás változásai
Authors: Gáspár Vanda , Magasvári Adrienn
Published: February 2025

Egyre nehezebb feladatot jelent a Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal számára a kvalifikált pénzügyőri utánpótlás biztosítása, illetve a már meglévő kollégák pályán tartása. Ennek egyik megoldásaként vezették be 2016-ban egyes hivatásrendek esetében az ún. tisztjelölti jogállást. 2022-től ez a jogállás megváltozott. A megújítás célja az volt, hogy anyagilag is támogassa a hallgatókat, a rendészeti pályát választókban erősítse a motivációt, segítse megtartásukat. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy ez a sajátos jogállás valóban vonzóbbá teszi-e a pénzügyőri tiszti pályát.
Instructional design eszközök alkalmazásának szerepe és lehetőségei az adómorál növelésének érdekében
Authors: Halasi Nóra
Published: February 2025

Az egyes szakmai ismeretek strukturálása és megjelenítése kiemelt szaktudást igényel az adóhatóság oktatási, tanulási, kommunikációs és tájékoztatási tevékenységei során. Lényeges a szakmai tartalmak megfelelő logikai szerkesztése, az érthető és szerkezetileg jól felépített szövegírás, valamint a vizuális metaforák tudatos használata. Komenczi (2009) véleménye alapján szervezői szerepében az oktató egy nagyon jól tájékozott szakember, aki képes a tananyag, tanulási program és tanulási környezet optimális hatás-együttesének kialakítására. A szervezői folyamatban megtervezi és létrehozza a hatás-együttest, működteti és figyelemmel követi annak hatékonyságát, majd saját és tanulói megfigyelései alapján továbbfejleszti és finomítja a létező rendszert (Dick et al., 2006). A folyamatot az Instructional Designer végzi, akinek célja, hogy az információt olyan sajátos, korszerű módszertannal közvetítse, mely elősegíti annak hatékony adaptációját. A média gazdag e-learning megoldások, az illusztrációkkal, ábrákkal és fogalomtérképekkel kiegészített szakmai tartalmak révén az adózók hatékonyabban tudják megérteni és a gyakorlatban is alkalmazni a számukra lényeges ismeretanyagot. Az egyes Instructional Design eszközök tudatos jelenléte az adóhatóság kommunikációja, valamint szakmai tevékenysége során kiemelt potenciált hordoz, amely a megfelelő oktatási céllal és a megfelelő célcsoportnak eredményesen alkalmazható a stratégiai és az operatív feladatok során egyaránt.
Study of Freshwater Resource Availability for Socio-Economic Sustainability in the World
Authors: Vavilina Alla V. , Komarova Tatiana V. , Firsova Anna A.
Published: February 2025

Fresh water supply is one of the most pressing global problems nowadays since the availability of sufficient fresh water influences all areas of human activity, especially the vital spheres of power generation, household life, and agriculture. Densely populated countries, especially in the arid zone of the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, are already faced with an excessive demand compared to available resources, which can be a cause of humanitarian and political risks in those regions. The renewable freshwater resources per capita are constantly decreasing; the allocation of these reserves is extremely uneven, and in several countries the annual water intake many times exceeds its renewable resources. This fact may have negative social and political outcomes. Therefore, the research into the issues associated with water supply is topical for contemporary science. This article presents the findings of data analysis of the water consumption dynamics in different countries around the world, which made it possible to obtain a detailed picture of water problems at a global scale. Water withdrawals are expected to continue to increase in the future, placing even greater strain on the economy's available freshwater resources. This fact can lead to negative socio-economic and political consequences. Therefore, strict monitoring and development of directions for preventing the problem of freshwater shortage are necessary at all levels of management.
Spatial working memory is critical for gesture processing: Evidence from gestures with varying semantic links to speech
Authors: Özer Demet , Özyürek Aslı , Göksun Tilbe
Published: February 2025

Gestures express redundant or complementary information to speech they accompany by depicting visual and spatial features of referents. In doing so, they recruit both spatial and verbal cognitive resources that underpin the processing of visual semantic information and its integration with speech. The relation between spatial and verbal skills and gesture comprehension, where gestures may serve different roles in relation to speech is yet to be explored. This study examined the role of spatial and verbal skills in processing gestures that expressed redundant or complementary information to speech during the comprehension of spatial relations between objects. Turkish-speaking adults (N=74) watched videos describing the spatial location of objects that involved perspective-taking (left-right) or not (on-under) with speech and gesture. Gestures either conveyed redundant information to speech (e.g., saying and gesturing “left”) or complemented the accompanying demonstrative in speech (e.g., saying “here,” gesturing “left”). We also measured participants’ spatial (the Corsi block span and the mental rotation tasks) and verbal skills (the digit span task). Our results revealed nuanced interactions between these skills and spatial language comprehension, depending on the modality in which the information was expressed. One insight emerged prominently. Spatial skills, particularly spatial working memory capacity, were related to enhanced comprehension of visual semantic information conveyed through gestures especially when this information was not present in the accompanying speech. This study highlights the critical role of spatial working memory in gesture processing and underscores the importance of examining the interplay among cognitive and contextual factors to understand the complex dynamics of multimodal language.
Incongruencias en el Régimen Jurídico de la Adopción, Respecto de la Sucesión Intestada
Authors: Lojan Alvarado Harold Patricio
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo, hace referencia a la institución jurídica de la adopción en nuestra legislación civil ecuatoriana, que no cumple con los principios constitucionales de igualdad de derechos, deberes y oportunidades de los integrantes de la familia; con relación a la sucesión intestada que se produce entre el adoptante respecto del adoptado; además en cuanto a los herederos del adoptante. El Art. 326 del Código Civil manda a heredar expresamente en partes iguales a sus padres e hijos adoptivos; contraviniendo lo dispuesto en el Art. 1028 del Código Civil que taxativamente establece que los hijos excluyen a los demás herederos. Por otro lado la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, consagra la adopción en el Art. 69 en los numerales 4, 5; y 6; que trata: El Estado protegerá a las madres, a los padres y a quienes sean jefes de familia, en el ejercicio de sus obligaciones, promoverá la responsabilidad paterna y materna y vigilará el cumplimiento de los deberes y derechos recíprocos entre madres, padres, hijas e hijos; por lo que las hijas e hijos tendrán los mismos derechos sin considerar antecedentes de filiación o adopción. Este trabajo ha permitido obtener criterios, con fundamentos claros y precisos, de bibliografía muy reconocida, que aportaron a la verificación de objetivos planteados, permitiendo apoyar los cambios al Código Civil ecuatoriano.
Educación para la paz promoviendo valores cívicos a través de la historia
Authors: Farinango Patiño Marco Vinicio , Grijalva Osejos Estefania Marcela , Carvajal Pujota Evana Elizabeth , Yaselga Valdiviezo Giovanny Patricio , Farinango Patiño María Graciela
Published: February 2025

El estudio titulado "Educación para la paz promoviendo valores cívicos a través de la historia" examina la función esencial de la educación en la edificación de sociedades pacíficas y la promo-ción de valores cívicos esenciales, mediante el examen histórico. Se sostiene que la instrucción his-tórica no debe limitarse a eventos y sucesos, sino también a cómo estos eventos han impactado en los principios de coexistencia y respeto recíproco. La historia, en su calidad de disciplina académi-ca, proporciona un entorno óptimo para la reflexión acerca de los retos sociales, políticos y econó-micos a los que se han enfrentado las sociedades, y cómo la resolución de conflictos ha desempe-ñado un papel fundamental en la evolución de valores como la justicia, la equidad y la solidaridad. El documento subraya la relevancia de integrar la educación para la paz en los currículos educati-vos, postulando que los valores cívicos deben ser impartidos de forma transversal en todas las dis-ciplinas, con especial énfasis en la historia. Mediante una metodología pedagógica que prioriza el examen crítico de los sucesos históricos, los alumnos pueden adquirir una comprensión más pro-funda de los procesos de construcción de paz y reconciliación, y cómo los conflictos históricos pueden servir como lecciones valiosas para prevenir confrontaciones futuras. Se exponen ejemplos de programas educativos que han incorporado exitosamente esta metodología, ilustrando cómo la historia puede ser empleada como instrumento para robustecer la empatía, el respeto por los dere-chos humanos y la diversidad. Adicionalmente, se abordan las ventajas de una educación orientada hacia la paz, tales como la optimización de la interacción escolar y la formación de ciudadanos responsables y comprometidos con la democracia. En conclusión, el artículo enfatiza que la ins-trucción en paz mediante la historia no solo facilita la comprensión de los sucesos históricos, sino que también moldea individuos con conciencia de su función en la construcción de una sociedad más equitativa y pacífica. Se sugiere un análisis crítico sobre la implementación de la historia en las aulas con el objetivo de promover un aprendizaje activo que fomente los valores cívicos funda-mentales para la paz.
Företagsvärdering vid tvångsinlösen
Authors: Flodhammar Gunnar
Published: February 2025

Beskrivning saknas.
Association between Physical Activity levels and Sleep Quality among University Faculty: A Descriptive Approach
Authors: Haneef Sidra , Mehmood Saba , Aziz Omama , Razzaq Aliza , Tayyab Seerat
Published: February 2025

Objective: The present study focused to find the physical activity level of faculty members of universities of Islamabad and to identify its association with quality of sleep.
Study design: It was a correlational descriptive survey.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted on faculty members of various institutions of Islamabad.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on faculty members of various institutions of Islamabad by calculating the sample size through Rao soft software, keeping 752 population size, came out to be 255. Participants were selected using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Participants of either gender aging between 25-50 years. While those having any type of physical disability, diagnosed patient of type II diabetes, cardiac problems, taking sleep medications and pregnant females were excluded from current study. Sample was collected using a semi structured questionnaire using IPAQ and PSQI and analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: Out of 226 participants, it was found that 53 participants were physically inactive, 92 were moderately physically active, and 81 were highly physically active. Among the respondents, 38 from highly physical active faculty members had good sleep quality, compared with 49 moderately active and 28 of physically inactive. No significant association, keeping p-value < 0.05, was found among physical activity levels and PSQI components of the study sample.
Conclusion: There appeared to be no significant association of physical activity and sleep quality among faculty members. Females are more poor sleepers as compare to males participants. Female faculty members as compared to males were more frequently involved in low, moderate and high levels of physical activity.
Análises situacionais e retrospectivas : combate à corrupção, governança pública e integridade
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: February 2025

A governança pública e o combate à corrupção no Brasil enfrentam desafios históricos e estruturais, derivados de uma cidadania fragilizada e de práticas enraizadas que dificultam a consolidação de um ambiente ético na esfera pública. A corrupção, vista como um “problema perverso” (wicked problem), é marcada por sua complexidade sociocultural, exigindo soluções que vão além de respostas técnicas e jurídicas tradicionais. Desde a Constituição de 1988, o Brasil tem aprimorado seu sistema de governança com o fortalecimento de instituições – como a Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU), o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), a Advocacia-Geral da União (AGU) e o Ministério Público da União (MPU) – e a implementação de leis como a Lei Anticorrupção (Lei nº 12.846/2013). No entanto, essas instituições precisam superar uma abordagem baseada em “comando e controle” e adotar práticas mais inovadoras e colaborativas. A ênfase deve ser colocada na integridade, controle social e participação cívica, promovendo não apenas a punição, mas também a prevenção e a conscientização ética dos agentes públicos. O texto sugere que, além dos indicadores de percepção, é necessário desenvolver sistemas de medição baseados na experiência real de exposição à corrupção. A boa governança exige uma combinação de controle rigoroso e promoção de uma cultura ética, visando uma administração pública mais responsiva, transparente e participativa.
Análises situacionais e retrospectiva : mineração
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: February 2025

A mineração é um importante setor da economia brasileira, responsável por aproximadamente 10% das exportações nacionais, contribuindo para os superávits comerciais do país e recolhendo royalties para os municípios mineradores. A mineração é relevante para a economia brasileira devido, principalmente, às reservas de minérios de ferro, bauxita e ouro. Ela, contudo, impõe impactos ambientais consideráveis, pelo uso intensivo de recursos hídricos e alterações nas paisagens naturais. No contexto atual, a transição energética aumenta a demanda por minerais estratégicos como lítio e cobre, essenciais para tecnologias de baixa emissão de CO₂. O crescimento e a modernização da mineração no Brasil dependem de maior detalhamento geológico, incentivado por políticas públicas para atrair investimentos e revelar novas jazidas, além do aprimoramento regulatório. Inovações, como a utilização de veículos autônomos e a introdução de práticas de economia circular, podem reduzir os impactos ambientais, favorecendo uma mineração mais sustentável para o país.
Análises situacionais e retrospectivas : previdência social
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: February 2025

A Previdência Social no Brasil é uma política essencial para garantir renda em situações em que o trabalho não é mais uma fonte viável, seja por idade, acidentes ou outras contingências. O sistema é composto pelo Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS) e pelos Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social (RPPS), além do Regime de Previdência Complementar (RPC), que é facultativo e privado. O sistema previdenciário brasileiro enfrenta desafios significativos para garantir sua sustentabilidade no longo prazo. Isso inclui ajustes nas regras de concessão de benefícios e no cálculo do valor de seus benefícios, e revisão da forma como o sistema é financiado. Além disso, o aumento da cobertura previdenciária ainda se faz necessário.
Análises situacionais e retrospectiva : setor de serviços
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: February 2025

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama conciso da relevância e da evolução da participação do setor de serviços nas estruturas produtiva e ocupacional brasileiras entre 2012 e 2022. Além disso, destaca a heterogeneidade estrutural desse setor, as transformações em sua composição resultantes da evolução tecnológica e os impactos que ele exerce na configuração das classes sociais no país. Por fim, são apresentadas as principais oportunidades emergentes no setor de serviços brasileiro.
Análises situacionais e retrospectiva : Benefício de Prestação Continuada
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: February 2025

O Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), destinado aos idosos (65 anos ou mais) e às pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) em situação de extrema pobreza, representa um avanço na proteção social brasileira. Ele contribui significativamente para a redução da pobreza e das desigualdades econômicas, como demonstrado por diversos estudos e pesquisas. O valor do BPC, vinculado ao salário mínimo, possibilita sua maior efetividade para a superação da indigência. Esses ganhos protetivos e civilizatórios proporcionados por esse instrumento da seguridade social brasileira não devem ser esquecidos quando se debatem questões fiscais. Ademais, não obstante o impacto positivo desse benefício para a cidadania social e a quali¬dade de vida dos beneficiários, esse poderia ser ainda potencializado com o fortalecimento da integração do BPC com outras ofertas do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas). A ampliação dos serviços socioassistenciais aos beneficiários do BPC representa uma opor¬tunidade de aprimorar a proteção proporcionada pelo benefício aos idosos e às PcDs.
La reinita cer�lea: Una especie que depende del caf� y del carb�n
Authors: S�nchez Clavijo Lina Mar�a , Espinosa Roc�o , Botero-Echeverri Jorge Eduardo , L�pez Adr�s Mauricio , Franco-Rojas N�stor Gustavo
Published: February 2025

En esta biocarta se describen algunos detalles de su historia natural, lo que sabemos de su estad�a en las zonas cafeteras de Colombia, sus historias de conservaci�n y las alianzas que se necesitan para lograr su protecci�n de forma exitosa.
Egyetemi lövöldözés a bizottságvezető szemével
Authors: Kátai Rafael
Published: February 2025

Having presidied the crime scene investigation committee, the author provides a personal account of his experiences of the 2009. rampage at the University of Pécs.
Spin-down of Solar-mass Protostars in Magnetospheric Accretion Paradigm
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Kunitomo Masanobu , Suzuki Takeru K. , Iwasaki Kazunari , Tomida Kengo
Published: February 2025

Stellar spin is one of the fundamental quantities that characterize a star itself and its planetary system. Nevertheless, stellar spin-down mechanisms in protostellar and pre-main-sequence stellar phases have been a long-standing problem in star formation theory. To realize the spin-down, previous axisymmetric models based on the conventional magnetospheric paradigm have had to assume massive stellar winds or produce highly time-variable magnetospheric ejections. However, this picture has been challenged by both numerical simulations and observations. With a particular focus on the propeller regime for solar-mass stars, we propose a new picture of stellar spin-down based on our recent 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation and stellar evolution calculation. We show that failed magnetospheric winds, unique to 3D models, significantly reduce the spin-up accretion torque, which make it easier for the star to spin-down. Additionally, the amplitude of time variability associated with magnetospheric ejections is reduced by 3D effects. Our simulation demonstrates that the star spins down by generating a conical disk wind, driven by a rotating stellar magnetosphere. Our theoretical estimates, inspired by the numerical model, suggest that the conical disk wind is likely to play a crucial role in extracting stellar angular momentum during the protostellar phase. As magnetospheric accretion is expected to occur in other accreting objects such as protogiant planets, this study will also contribute to the understanding of the angular momentum of such objects.
The Unique Helium Nova V445 Puppis Ejected ≫0.001 M⊙ in the Year 2000 and Will Not Become a Type Ia Supernova
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E.
Published: February 2025

V445 Puppis (Nova Puppis 2000) is the only known example of a helium nova, where a layer of helium-rich gas accretes onto the surface of a white dwarf (WD) in a cataclysmic variable, with runaway helium burning making for the nova event. Speculatively, a helium nova can provide one path to produce a Type Ia supernova (SNIa), within the larger framework of single-degenerate models. Relatively little has been known about V445 Pup, with this work reporting the discovery of the orbital period near 1.87 days. The companion star is 2.65 ± 0.35 R
⊙ in radius as an evolved giant star stripped of its outer hydrogen envelope. The orbital period immediately before the 2000 eruption was

P

pre

= 1.871843 ± 0.000014 days, with a steady period change of (−0.17 ± 0.06) × 10−8 from 1896 to 1995. The period immediately after the nova eruption was P
post = 1.873593 ± 0.000034 days, with a

P

̇

of (−4.7 ± 0.5) × 10−8. The fractional orbital period change (ΔP/P) is +935 ± 27 ppm. This restricts the mass of the gases ejected in the nova eruption to be ≫0.001 M
⊙, and much greater than the mass accreted to trigger the nova. So the WD is losing mass over each eruption cycle, and will not become a SNIa. Further, for V445 Pup and helium novae in general, I collect observations from 136 normal SNIa for which any giant or subgiant companion star would have been detected, yet zero companions are found. This is an independent proof that V445 Pup and helium novae are not SNIa progenitors.
Discovering Large-scale Structure at 2 < z < 5 in the C3VO Survey
Authors: Hung Denise , Lemaux Brian C. , Cucciati Olga , Forrest Ben , Shah Ekta A. , Gal Roy R. , Giddings Finn , Sikorski Derek , Golden-Marx Emmet , Lubin Lori M. , Hathi Nimish , Zamorani Giovanni , Shen Lu , Bardelli Sandro , Cassarà Letizia P. , De Lucia Gabriella , Fontanot Fabio , Garilli Bianca , Guaita Lucia , Hirschmann Michaela Monika , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Newman Andrew B. , Ramakrishnan Vandana , Vergani Daniela , Xie Lizhi , Zucca Elena
Published: February 2025

The Charting Cluster Construction with VUDS and ORELSE (C3VO) survey is an ongoing imaging and spectroscopic campaign aiming to map out the growth of structure up to z ∼ 5 and was born from the combination of the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph Ultra Deep Survey and the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. As we previously accomplished with the ORELSE survey, we apply our technique known as Voronoi tessellation Monte Carlo (VMC) mapping to search for serendipitous galaxy overdensities at 2 < z < 5 in the three C3VO fields. We also apply the same technique to mock observations of simulated galaxies with properties derived from the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly semianalytic model in order to judge the effectiveness of our search algorithm as a function of redshift, total mass, and fraction of spectroscopic redshifts. We find completeness and purity values of the order of 30%–50% for

log
(

M

z
=
0

/

M

⊙

)
>
14

and 2 < z < 4, with a strong dependence on mass and redshift, with values as high as ∼80% and ∼70%, respectively, in the best-case scenario for

log
(

M

z
=
0

/

M

⊙

)
>
14.5

. In the C3VO fields, we were able to recover many of the previously known structures in the literature as well as find hundreds of new overdensity candidates, once again demonstrating the powerful capabilities of VMC mapping when applied to wide-field optical and infrared galaxy evolution surveys at ever higher redshifts.
What Drives the H i Content of Central Galaxies—A Comparison between Hydrodynamic Simulations and Observations Using Random Forest
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Cheng , Mo H. J.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the driving mechanisms for the H i gas content in star-forming central galaxies at low redshift, by examining the H i-to-stellar mass ratio (M
H i
/M
*) in both the state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations, IllustrisTNG (TNG) and EAGLE, and the xGASS sample. We quantify the correlations of M
H i
/M
* with a variety of galaxy properties using the Random Forest regression technique, and we make comparisons between the two simulations, as well as between the simulations and xGASS. Gas-phase metallicity is found to be most important in both simulations, but is ranked mildly for xGASS, suggesting that metals and gas driven by feedback effects in real galaxies is not as tightly coupled as in the simulations. Beyond that, the accretion rate of supermassive black holes is the most important feature in TNG, while specific star formation rate is the top ranked in EAGLE. This result can be understood from the fact that the H i gas is regulated mainly by thermal-mode AGN feedback in TNG and by stellar feedback in EAGLE. Although neither simulation can fully reproduce the feature importance obtained for real galaxies in the xGASS, EAGLE performs better than TNG in the sense that the observationally top-ranked property, u − r, is also highly ranked in EAGLE. This result implies that stellar feedback plays a more dominant role than AGN feedback in driving the H i gas content of low-redshift galaxies.
A Multiwavelength Light-curve Analysis of the Classical Nova KT Eri: Optical Contribution from a Large Irradiated Accretion Disk
Authors: Hachisu Izumi , Kato Mariko , Walter Frederick M.
Published: February 2025

KT Eri is a classical nova that went into outburst in 2009. Recent photometric analysis in quiescence indicates a relatively longer orbital period of 2.6 days, so that KT Eri could host a very bright accretion disk during the outburst like in the recurrent nova U Sco, the orbital period of which is 1.23 days. We reproduced the optical V light curve as well as the supersoft X-ray light curve of KT Eri in outburst, assuming a large irradiated disk during a nova wind phase of the outburst while a normal size disk after the nova winds stop. This result is consistent with the temporal variation of wide-band V brightness that varies almost with the intermediate-band Strömgren y brightness, because the V flux is dominated by continuum radiation, the origin of which is a photospheric emission from the very bright disk. We determined the white dwarf mass to be M
WD = 1.3 ± 0.02 M
⊙, the hydrogen-burning turnoff epoch to be ∼240 days after the outburst, the distance modulus in the V band to be (m − M)
V
= 13.4 ± 0.2, and the distance to KT Eri to be d = 4.2 ± 0.4 kpc for the reddening of E(B − V) = 0.08. The peak absolute V brightness is about

M

V
,
max

=
−
8.0

and the corresponding recurrence time is ∼3000 yr from its ignition mass together with the mean mass-accretion rate of

M

̇

acc

∼
1
×
1

0

−
9

M

⊙

yr−1 in quiescence. Thus, we suggest that KT Eri is not a recurrent nova.
Comparison of different models to describe the lactation curve of Holstein cows in a small-scale dairy system
Authors: Montiel-Olguín Luis Javier , Ruiz-López Felipe de Jesús , Gómez-Rosales Sergio , Cantó-Alarcón Germinal Jorge , Estrada-Cortés Eliab , Vera-Ávila Héctor Raymundo
Published: February 2025

Modeling lactation curves with mathematical equations is useful to describe and predict the productivity of dairy cows. However, studies analyzing the performance of different models to describe lactation curves in small-scale dairy systems are sparse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of five models to describe lactation curves of cows in a small-scale dairy system. Monthly milk weighins from 936 lactations were conducted in 23 farms in western Mexico. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and mean square prediction error (MSPE) were used to assess the fit of the models to the observed data, and the root mean square prediction error as a percentage of the observed mean (%RMSPE) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Gaines model had the best fit (lowest BIC and MSPE) for the first, second, and third or higher lactations. Regarding accuracy, the Sikka and Gaines models had the lowest RMSPE and %RMSPE. When classified by production level, the Gaines model had the best fit. The Gaines and Sikka models had the best accuracy across all three production levels. It was concluded that the Gaines model is the best option for representing lactation curves in a small-scale milk production system.
Forage harvesting using branch pruning compromises sustainable use and conservation of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., an endangered species
Authors: Hien Bossila Séraphin , Bondé Loyapin , Charahabil Mohamed Mahamoud , Da Sié Sylvestre , Boussim Joseph Issaka , Ouédraogo Oumarou
Published: February 2025

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a leguminous tree species with huge forage value. It is subjected to heavy pruning pressure in dry season for livestock feeding, resulting in yearly decline of forage production and vulnerability of the species which is currently classified as endangered species. This study aimed at: (i) identifying factors influencing branch pruning pressure on P. erinaceus tree, (ii) assessing the effect of branch pruning on foliage production of the species and (iii) developing allometric equations for estimating its foliage biomass. We measured leaf biomass on representative living branches on 48 individual trees of P. erinaceus distributed in protected and communal areas following topography gradient. Branch size distribution and branch pruning ratio (PR) expressing human pressure on sampled trees were appreciated. Results indicated that PR was significantly (p-value < 0.001) influenced by tree morphological traits such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown area, and tree density around sampled tree. Linear regression highlighted the dominance of small branches on sampled trees both for pruned and living branches, suggesting a regular pruning of trees. Topography position and PR were found as main factors affecting the species leaf production (p < 0.05). The potential leaf biomass estimated at 15.09 ± 6.58 kg per tree is reduced by 35.98% when using branch pruning for forage harvesting. DBH and PR were the best predictor variables for estimating leaf production of the species. Allometric model developed is a useful tool for optimizing harvesting activities and secure sustainable use of the species. Based on the harvesting pressure observed on the species, the promotion of more conservative harvesting techniques such as cutting of leafy twigs for forage harvesting instead of branch pruning and preserving of heavy pruned trees from harvesting during few years are highly recommended for enabling fast renewal of branches and seed production for species regeneration. Findings and recommendations from this case study on P. erinaceus could be used to improve the management of tree species subjected to similar harvesting pressure across tropical regions.
Using Image-based AI for insect monitoring and conservation - InsectAI COST Action
Authors: August Tom , Balzan Mario , Bodesheim Paul , Brehm Gunnar , Cantú-Salazar Lisette , Castro Sílvia , Chipperfield Joseph , Ghisbain Guillaume , Gomez-Segura Alba , Goulnik Jérémie , Groom Quentin , Hogeweg Laurens , Huijbers Chantal , Kamilaris Andreas , Kazlauskis Karolis , Koch Wouter , Korsch Dimitri , Loureiro João , Martin Youri , Martinou Angeliki , McFarland Kent , Mestdagh Xavier , Michez Denis , Outhwaite Charlie , Pegoraro Luca , Pernat Nadja , Pettersson Lars , Pipek Pavel , Preda Cristina , Rolnick David , Roth Tobias , Roy David , Roy Helen , Runnel Veljo , Sasic Martina , Schigel Dmitry , Sheard Julie , Svenningsen Cecilie , Teixeira Heliana , Titeux Nicolas , Tscheulin Thomas , Tzirkalli Elli , van der Velde Marijn , van Klink Roel , Vereecken Nicolas , Vray Sarah , Høye Toke Thomas
Published: February 2025

The InsectAI COST action will support insect monitoring and conservation at the national and continental scale in order to understand and counteract widespread insect declines. The Action will bring together a critical mass of researchers and stakeholders in image-based insect AI technologies to direct and drive the research agenda, build research capacity across Europe and support innovation and application.

There is mounting evidence that populations of insects around the world are in sharp decline. Understanding trends in species and their drivers is key to knowing the size of the challenge, its causes and how to address it. To identify solutions that lead to sustainable biodiversity alongside economic prosperity, insect monitoring should be efficient and provide standardised and frequently updated status indicators to guide conservation actions.

The EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 identifies the critical challenge of delivering standardised information about the state of nature and image-based insect AI can contribute to this. Specifically, the EU Nature Restoration Law will likely set binding targets for the high resolution data that cameras can provide. Thus, outputs of the Action will contribute directly to EU policies implementation, where biodiversity monitoring is considered a key component.

The InsectAI COST Action will organise workshops, conferences, short-term scientific missions, hackathons, design-sprints and much more, across four Working Groups. These groups will address how image-based insect AI technologies can best address Societal Needs, support innovation in Image Collection hardware, create standardised approaches for Image Processing and develop novel Data Analysis and Integration methods for turning data into actionable insights.
Le lieu des frontières intenables
Authors: Garcia Tristan
Published: February 2025

S’atteler à définir ce qu’est la littérature expose perpétuellement à des vents contraires aussi anciens que la littérature elle-même : le recentrement, forcément réducteur, contre l’extension dissolvante de l’objet littéraire. Et si cette tension restait irrésolue ?
L’abolition d’un privilège
Authors: Baudry Samuel
Published: February 2025

La théorie littéraire ne fait apparemment plus recette. A-t-elle pour autant disparu ? Si les commentateurs amateurs ont éclipsé les grands experts, le cœur même de la démarche est à présent questionné.
En permanence
Authors: Vettraino Jean
Published: February 2025

Dans cet ouvrage, le député Boris Vallaud revient sur un aspect de son mandat en s’appuyant sur les chemins de vie poignants des individus qu’il a pu croiser. Un bon moyen de s’interroger sur la distance entre les hommes et les femmes politiques et les citoyens et citoyennes.
Néoplasies myéloprolifératives sans fusion BCR-ABL et risque thrombotique
Authors: James C. , Guy A.
Published: February 2025

Le risque principal au cours des néoplasies myéloprolifératives (NMP) « BCR-ABL négatif » (polyglobulie de Vaquez, thrombocytémie essentielle et myélofibrose primitive) est la survenue de thromboses. La physiopathologie de cette complication est complexe et, après un rappel des mécanismes de la thrombose artérielle et veineuse, le rôle joué par les plaquettes, les leucocytes, les hématies, les cellules endothéliales et les facteurs de coagulation est précisé à la lumière des recherches réalisées dans le domaine.