bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KLASIFIKASI TEKS SOSIAL MEDIA TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (Studi Kasus Penusukan Wiranto)
Authors: Mutawalli Lalu , Zaen Mohammad Taufan Asri , Bagye Wire
Published: December 2019

In the era of technological disruption of mass communication, social media became a reference in absorbing public opinion. The digitalization of data is very rapidly produced by social media users because it is an attempt to represent the feelings of the audience. Data production in question is the user posts the status and comments on social media. Data production by the public in social media raises a very large set of data or can be referred to as big data. Big data is a collection of data sets in very large numbers, complex, has a relatively fast appearance time, so that makes it difficult to handle. Analysis of big data with data mining methods to get knowledge patterns in it. This study analyzes the sentiments of netizens on Twitter social media on Mr. Wiranto stabbing case. The results of the sentiment analysis showed 41% gave positive comments, 29% commented neutrally, and 29% commented negatively on events. Besides, modeling of the data is carried out using a support vector machine algorithm to create a system capable of classifying positive, neutral, and negative connotations. The classification model that has been made is then tested using the confusion matrix technique with each result is a precision value of 83%, a recall value of 80%, and finally, as much as 80% obtained in testing the accuracy.
MEDIA PROMOSI PENANGKARAN RUSA SAMBAR (RUSA UNICOLOR) SEBAGAI EKOWISATA DI PENAJAM PASER UTARA BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Tejawati Andi , Saputra Muhammad Budi , Firdaus Muhammad Bambang , Fadli Sofiansyah , Suandi Fadli , Anam M Khairul
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitain ini adalah membuat media promosi untuk mengenai ekowisata penangkaran rusa yang berada di Desa Api-api, Kecamatan Waru, Penajam Paser Utara.  Diharapkan bisa menambah informasi kepada masyarakat dan wisatawan luar daerah mengenai ekowisata penangkaran rusa di Desa Api-Api, serta menarik minat masyarakat dan wisatawan luar daerah untuk dating ke penangkaran rusa sambar yang ada di Penajam Paser Utara.  Untuk mencapai tujuan dari penelitian tersebut digunakan penggabungan teknologi Virtual Reality (VR) yang dapat menampilkan objek virtual kedalam lingkungan yang nyata dan teknologi mobile Android yang dimiliki oleh banyak masyarakat. Untuk membangun aplikasi Virtual Reality berbasis Android digunakan game engine Unity3D dan menggunakan tools editing video Adobe Premiere Pro untuk mengedit video 360 derajat. Hasil pengujian pada perangkat android menunjukan aplikasi yang dibuat dapat berjalan lancar dan cocok berdasarkan keaktifan gyroscope pada smarphone dan bisa digunakan pada versi Android 6.0 keatas dengan aspek rasio layar 16:9
UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE AS MULHERES PESCADORAS BRASILEIRAS A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO DESCOLONIAL
Authors: De Andrade Denise Almeida , Jucá Roberta Laena Costa , Mont´Alverne Tarin Cristino
Published: December 2019

A perspectiva descolonial aponta como uma consequência desta equivocada estruturação das relações, a existência de classificações como civilizados/primitivos, superiores/inferiores, modernos/tradicionais, a partir das quais se naturalizou o padrão eurocêntrico universal que inferioriza e exclui aqueles que em tal modelo não se encaixam. A contestação desse paradigma liberal moderno pelos movimentos sociais na América Latina, nos anos 1980, fez emergir um novo constitucionalismo latino-americano pautado no pluralismo político e jurídico e no reconhecimento de novos sujeitos e direitos, na tentativa de se instituir, nos países da América Latina, uma prática democrática menos desigual, menos excludente e mais condizente com o nosso contexto. Analisamos, neste cenário, a condição das mulheres pescadoras no Brasil, suas vivências, suas compreensões e sua resistência aos padrões androcêntricos da pesca, além das limitações impostas pelo Direito e de sua capacidade de resistência, a qual vem impondo, paulatinamente, fissuras em um sistema que parecia inalterável. Objetivamos confirmar que há o intercruzamento de vulnerabilidades que compõem o cotidiano das mulheres pescadoras brasileiras, utilizando, para tanto, aporte teórico oriundo de pesquisa bibliográfica e do levantamento de narrativas de mulheres pescadoras, em um esforço e reconhecimento para dar espaço e publicidade as suas vozes e demandas.
DIGITAL BANKING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIA
Authors: P Dr.Revathi
Published: December 2019

Online banking is one of the most significant developments for the banking industry in its long history. However, despite the many benefits that online banking provides to customers, there are also a number of major concerns and challenges for marketers in the online banking sector.
Traditional banking habits, security, technical issues, transaction difficulties, and small marketing budgets are all major challenges that online banking marketers will have to reconcile if they are to succeed in this field. However, demand for this industry continues to be very strong. So it is likely that online banks will only grow more advanced and successful as they strive to resolve their marketing challenges.
However, despite the benefits of online banking, there is also a number of distinct issues and challenges in the online banking sector. These are highly significant both for banks that offer online banking, but also for their customers, who depend on the banks to operate effectively. Online banking marketers need to know these challenges so that they can efficiently navigate them.
KEYWORDS: E- Banking, RTGS,NEFT, Plastic Money
DIREITOS DAS MINORIAS E A EFETIVIDADE DO PRINC�PIO DA IGUALDADE NA CONSTITUI��O FEDERAL DE 1988
Authors: Cambi Eduardo , Nicolau Camila Christiane Rocha
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar como � t�nue e sens�vel a linha que separa a efetividade da inefetividade do princ�pio da igualdade no Brasil ap�s tr�s d�cadas da promulga��o da Constitui��o Federal. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre a aplica��o pr�tica desse princ�pio, utilizou-se o m�todo de estudo bibliogr�fico sobre a igualdade e os direitos das minorias, em especial negros e homossexuais. Por meio de uma abordagem a respeito da discrimina��o racional, o fator discriminat�rio entra em contraste com a intoler�ncia sem fundamentos acarretando a estigmatiza��o das minorias. Nessa pesquisa, restou sedimentada a necess�ria mudan�a social, por meio de uma democracia s�lida, para dirimir os preconceitos enraizados culturalmente. Questionou-se, pois, se o princ�pio da igualdade tem sido efetivamente respeitado, se o ordenamento jur�dico brasileiro consegue extrair do seu n�cleo axiol�gico a melhor e mais extensa prote��o a todos os cidad�os brasileiros, bem como se, diante da omiss�o do Poder Legislativo, como deve ser tutelado os direitos dos grupos minorit�rios. Tais quest�es s�o debatidas analisando algumas legisla��es e decis�es do Supremo Tribunal Federal no seu papel contramajorit�rio de garantir os direitos fundamentais para esses grupos nos casos de legisla��o omissa.
A PROTE��O DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS NO REGISTRO CIVIL DAS PESSOAS NATURAIS
Authors: Lemos Junior Eloy Pereira , Palhares D�bora De Freitas
Published: December 2019

Este artigo almeja constatar que o Registro Civil de Pessoas Naturais, cujo elemento nuclear � o ser humano, objetiva a prote��o aos direitos fundamentais. Os atos praticados neste servi�o representam desdobramentos da cidadania e correspondem a aplica��o do Princ�pio da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. Conclui-se que a implementa��o e o fortalecimento deste tipo de Registro � um caminho a ser trilhado a fim de avan�ar na prote��o dos direitos fundamentais presentes no Estado Democr�tico de Direito. Utilizou-se no estudo a an�lise documental e revis�o bibliogr�fica e m�todo dedutivo de infer�ncia.
A Ind�stria Extrativista e os Direitos Humanos: o paradoxo entre os direitos dos povos ind�genas e tribais e o desenvolvimento nas Am�ricas.
Authors: Pignaneli Guilherme
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo se prop�e, a partir do m�todo bibliogr�fico dedutivo, estudar a rela��o entre os direitos dos povos ind�genas e tribais nas Am�ricas com o desenvolvimento. Para tanto, trata inicialmente da evolu��o dos direitos humanos e sua import�ncia como ferramenta de combate � impunidade frente aos danos cometidos pelas empresas transacionais extrativistas. Em seguida, discorre sobre os direitos dessas comunidades presentes no sistema internacional de prote��o dos direitos humanos, correlacionando-os com o conceito mais atual de desenvolvimento, cunhado a partir da d�cada de noventa, o qual se desprende da sua concep��o origin�rio, estritamente econ�mica, e ganha uma nova roupagem mais humana e social, a fim de verificar, ao final, se s�o institutos compat�veis entre si.
Wojna trzydziestoletnia – nowe spojrzenie
Authors: Gąsowska Magdalena
Published: December 2019

Artykuł recenzuje polski przekład książki H.P. Wilsona pt. "Wojna trzydziestoletnia 1618–1648. Tragedia Europy" (Oświęcim 2017). Recenzentka zwraca uwagę przede wszystkim na monumentalność monografii, jej obszerną podstawę źródłową oraz rozmiar (ponad 800 stron). Wśród licznych walorów, które wymienia, znajduje się imponujące spektrum problemów i zagadnień, które Wilson poddaje wszechstronnej refleksji. Do minusów zalicza recenzentka m.in. brak końcowej bibliografii, która zbierałaby całość wykorzystanej literatury, jak również brak szczegółowych opisów wojsk czy potyczek militarnych.
Groza w literaturze dziecięcej. Ilustracje do baśni "Sinobrody" na rynku polskim
Authors: Kaczyńska Barbara
Published: December 2019

Baśń "Sinobrody" ("La Barbe bleue") Charles’a Perraulta, choć w momencie pierwszego wydania (1697) była przeznaczona dla dorosłych, została jak wszystkie baśnie zaanektowana przez literaturę dziecięcą, i to pomimo swojej brutalności i pesymistycznej wymowy. W niniejszym artykule omówiono ilustracje w wydaniach tej baśni, dostępnych na rynku polskim, w celu zbadania ikonograficznego wizerunku Sinobrodego i zakazanego pokoju oraz określenia, czy i w jaki sposób ilustratorzy próbują złagodzić ponury przekaz baśni i dostosować ją do zakładanej wrażliwości dziecięcego odbiorcy, czy też raczej dodatkowo jeszcze podkreślają grozę tekstu.
Obrazowanie teatralne – lalki, formy, animanty
Authors: Waszkiel Halina
Published: December 2019

Teatr, a zwłaszcza teatr lalek, zajmuje w plastycznej edukacji dziecka szczególne miejsce. Wizerunki scenicznych bohaterów silnie zapadają w pamięć dziecka i niekiedy na długo stapiają się z wyobrażeniem postaci związanych ze znanymi baśniami, opowieściami i sztukami. Oryginalna dramaturgia teatru lalek rzadko bywa dostępna w lekturze, dlatego też spotkanie z lalką odkrywa przed widzem nowy świat. Inaczej jest w przypadku adaptacji znanych powieści lub baśni – wówczas lalka musi się zmierzyć z możliwym wcześniejszym wyobrażeniem dziecka, wyniesionym z ilustrowanych książek. Namacalność lalki teatralnej, jejkonkretność odróżnia ją w sposób zasadniczy od wszelkich ilustracji, komiksów, filmów animowanych czy książek-zabawek. Szczególne znaczenie ma artystyczna ranga plastyki teatralnej i wszelkich form poddawanych animacji (czyli animantów). Teatr jest miejscem, w którym znaczna część literatury dziecięcej zamienia się w sceniczny obraz.
NumPy-based Calibration of Basic Hypoplastic Constitutive Models
Authors: Ertek Muzaffer Kerem
Published: December 2019

Constitutive modeling of soils is a crucial topic in geotechnics. Several constitutive models for soils can be found in material libraries of open-source or commercial geotechnical software packages, and these models can be based on various theories. Hypoplasticity as a relatively young theory is an alternative to elastoplasticity and consistently attracts new researchers. Contrary to elastoplasticity, hypoplasticity does not involve a priori defined yield surface, flow rule and plastic potential and arises from a simple tensorial function of the rate type. An exhaustive review of literature, however, points to the fact that for the calibration of these models, commercial symbolic mathematics software is mostly referred to and a calibration procedure based upon an open-source software which any individuals can easily make use of is missing. Therefore, an explicit procedure for calibration making use of NumPy, which is the main package for scientific computing with Python, following a concise summary for the theory of hypoplasticity is established. By doing so, it is expected to draw attention to take advantage of open-source packages that almost the majority of the scientific community utilizes increasingly.
How do user-centered design studies contribute to cartography?
Authors: Roth Robert
Published: December 2019

I ask in this essay: How do user-centered design studies contribute to cartography? Scholars in related fields increasingly recognize the intellectual value of employing user-centered processes to improve a single product and identify new design considerations for future products. To this end, I propose an analytical framework for organizing the contributions of user-centered design studies that includes eight opportunities for advancing cartography: (1) domain gap analyses, (2) adapted or novel user-centered methods, (3) streamlined user-centered design processes, (4) transferable design insights, (5) comprehensive user-centered design case studies, (6) novel or unique maps and visualizations, (7) summative controlled experiments, and (8) new insights into pressing geographic problems. I apply this framework against my own collaborative work in a retrospective analysis of three UCD case studies: the GeoVISTA CrimeViz visual analytics tool, the NOAA Lake Level Viewer climate change visualization, and the UW Cart Lab Global Madison mobile map.
Regioselectivity of glycosylation reactions of galactose acceptors: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Del Vigo Enrique A , Stortz Carlos A , Marino Carla
Published: December 2019

Regioselective glycosylations allow planning simpler strategies for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, and thus reducing the need of using protecting groups. With the idea of gaining further understanding of such regioselectivity, we analyzed the relative reactivity of the OH-3 and OH-4 groups of 2,6-diprotected methyl α- and β-galactopyranoside derivatives in glycosylation reactions. The glycosyl acceptors were efficiently prepared by simple methodologies, and glycosyl donors with different reactivities were assessed. High regioselectivities were achieved in favor of the 1→3 products due to the equatorial orientation of the OH-3 group. A molecular modeling approach endorsed this general trend of favoring O-3 substitution, although it showed some failures to explain subtler factors governing the difference in regioselectivity between some of the acceptors. However, the Galp-(β1→3)-Galp linkage could be regioselectively installed by using some of the acceptors assayed herein.
MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF UNBALANCED BIDDING
Authors: Su Limin , Wang Tianze , Li Huimin , Chao Yongchao , Wang Lunyan
Published: December 2019

Unbalanced bidding is a serious problem in the competitive bidding practices of construction projects. Identification and prevention of unbalanced bidding is an important and complexity task for owners. This paper aims to propose an identification model of unbalanced bidding from multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) perspective. The VIKOR method is employed to detect unbalanced bidding, in which the line items and bidders are considered as criteria and alternatives in MCDM, respectively. And the engineer’s estimated price is chosen as evaluation benchmarking. Then relative distances between engineer’s estimated price and each bidding unit price are calculated to build decision matrix. The weights of factors are determined using entropy weight method. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, an application example is tested in detecting unbalanced bidding. Finally, the sensitivity analysis about VIKOR method is given. It shows that the presented model would provide a robust decision making support for owner in identifying unbalanced bidding.
THE INFLUENCE OF RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY PERCEPTION ON AIRPORT BRAND PROMOTION AND DESIRE TO REUSE OF AIRPORT SERVICES: THE CASE OF IRAN AIRPORTS
Authors: Pishdar Mahsa , Ghasemzadeh Fatemeh , Maskeliūnaitė Lijana , Bražiūnas Justas
Published: December 2019

Sustainability and resilience are important in social, economic and environmental aspects. However, inspections
show that in developing countries like Iran, sustainability and resilience strategies lose their significance when economic
problems and high workload come to matter. This research tries to determine what factors encourage managers to consider airport sustainability
in long-term and different situations. Such investigations are essential for a developing country
like Iran, which has 54 airports under a central management system, which can help deploying selected strategies. Results
of this study show that if passengers perceive the sustainability activities and ethical cores of an airport, they consider it
more prestigious and become willing to reuse airport services for their future travels. They also turn out as evangelists
and changes of the way people travel becomes visible on a wider scale. This can help managers to understand recent travel
behaviour of airport passengers and enhance the airports’ performance considering different aspects equally, which are
profitable for airport system, public and environment as a whole.
The taxonomic identities of Pholidota wenshanica and P. subcalceata (Orchidaceae, Coelogyninae)
Authors: Li Lin , Qin Ming , Wang Wan-Yao , Zeng Song-Jun , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Liu Zhong-Jian
Published: December 2019

P. wenshanica S.C.Chen & Z.H.Tsi and P. subcalceata Gagnep. have long been recognized as synonyms of P. leveilleana Schltr. In the present study, detailed morphological comparisons suggest that specimens referred to as P. wenshanica and P. subcalceata differ significantly in both vegetative and floral characters from those of P. leveilleana. Here we resurrect P. wenshanica and P. subcalceata as independent species. Key diagnostic characters essential for delineating identities of these species are presented.
Integrating Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Into Daily Practice
Authors: Kelly Patricia J.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPTIntimate partner violence (IPV) results in both short-term and long-term physical and emotional problems for the women involved. Exposure to IPV has a continuing cyclical effect on children who are witnesses (McNutt, Carlson, Persaud, & Postmus, 2002). Millions of health care dollars are spent every year addressing the effects of such violence. Public health principles of secondary and primary prevention provide a way for nurses to implement a clinical approach to IPV.ABOUT THE AUTHORPatricia J. Kelly, PhD, MPH, RN, FNP is an Associate Professor at University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri.
Celebrating the Amish Way
Authors: Susce Margaret T.
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read the editorial.
Death A Major Life Milestone
Authors: Nason Kristin , Thompson Emily
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read the article.
Pharmacotherapy in Personality Disorders
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2019

Personality has often been conceptualized according to various psychological theories. More recent developments have included investigations of the genetics and neurobiology of personality traits and temperaments, the interactions between genes and environment in the expression of various behavioral traits and their role in the development of mental disorders, and the pharmacological treatment of personality disorders. In this article, I provide an overview of the rationale for and the role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of personality disorders.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Howland is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The author discloses that he has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Robert H. Howland, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: HowlandRH@upmc.edu.
Higher Order Aberrations With Aspheric Ablations Using the Nidek EC-5000 CX II Laser
Authors: Yeung Ian Y L , Mantry Sanjay , Cunliffe Ian A , Benson Mark T , Shah Sunil
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the change in higher order aberrations in myopic and myopic astigmatic eyes following an aspheric ablation profile for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a Nidek EC-5000 CX II excimer laser system.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of 38 eyes (19 patients) with myopia and myopic astigmatism. A customized aspheric transition zone profile (CATz) was used in all eyes (profile 4) with an ablation zone of 5 mm and a transition zone of 9 mm using FinalFit software and a Nidek EC-5000 CX II excimer laser system.

RESULTS: Mean higher order aberrations (RMS) increased from 0.42 µm at baseline to 0.57 µm at 6-month follow-up. Mean spherical aberrations (Z12) increased from 0.02 µm at baseline to 0.33 µm after LASIK. Mean spherical aberration defocus equivalent (DEQ) increased from 0.56 µm at baseline to 1.54 at 6 months after surgery. Mean trefoil (Z6) was -0.11 µm at baseline and -0.14 µm at the 3-month examination. Mean coma (Z7) was -0.09 µm at baseline and -0.10 µm after surgery. Mean coma (Z8) was -0.03 at baseline and 0 at the 3-month examination. Mean trefoil (Z9) was -0.03 at baseline and -0.12 at the 3-month examination.

CONCLUSION: The amount of postoperative higher order aberrations in these myopic eyes was acceptable. However, the clinical significance of these numerical changes in aberrations is not known. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S659-S662]
Correlation of Wavefront Data and Corneal Asphericity With Contrast Sensitivity After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Pop Mihai , Payette Yves
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between contrast sensitivity (CS), Zernike wavefront aberrations (WFA), and asphericity after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.

METHODS: LASIK was performed using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser with custom aspheric transition zone (CATz) ablations. Total and high order (HO) WFA of 71 eyes (37 patients) undergoing LASIK in March 2003 were measured before and at 1 month postoperatively with the Nidek OPD-Scan aberrometer at a 4-mm pupil entrance; asphericity was measured at 6 mm (Q index). Preoperative and 1 to 3-month postoperative contrast sensitivity were evaluated with the Vector Vision CSV-1000 at 3, 6, 12, and 18 CPD; the Area Under the Log Contrast Sensitivity Function (AULCSF) was calculated. Uncorrected-visual acuity (UCVA) was evaluated.

RESULTS: One month after LASIK, CS decreased significantly at 6 CPD and above (P<.05), then returned to normal at 3 months (P=.33). Postoperative AULCSF correlated with patient age (P=.04) but not with total WFA (P=.13), HO WFA (P=.50), or asphericity (P=.22). Postoperative Logmar UCVA correlated with postoperative total and HO WFA (P<.05). Postoperative total WFA correlated with spherical equivalent refraction (P<.0001); HO WFA correlated with Strehl ratio (P=.004) and asphericity (P=.03). The HO WFA increase was 0.065 µm (P<.05) and did not correlate with preoperative refraction (P=.40). Increase in asphericity correlated with corneal refractive change and was predicted by the parabolic Munnerlyn equation (P<.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: After LASIK, AULCSF was not dependent on WFA, but mainly on patient age. WFA results correlated well with postoperative spherical equivalent refraction, asphericity, and Strehl ratio. These conclusions support a published hypothesis that postoperative low amount of WFA does not completely fit contrast sensitivity measurements. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S678-S684]
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis With Mitomycin C: Indications and Limits
Authors: Camellin Massimo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the advantages and safety of using mitomycin C (MMC) with laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) by measuring high order aberrations of the cornea.

METHODS: We analyzed the results of 86 eyes that had LASEK plus a brushstroke of MMC 0.01%. Another group of 100 eyes had LASEK only (control group). Mean follow-up was 312 days for the MMC group and 774 days for the control group. A Nidek EC-5000 laser was used in all eyes. We measured mean refractive error, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), haze, and high order aberrations before and at 1 month and nearly 1 year after LASEK.

RESULTS: Mean baseline spherical equivalent refraction was -6.80 ± 3.00 D for the MMC group and -6.00 ± 3.10 D for the control group (P=.34). In eyes with low myopia (-1.20 to -10.80 D), a single ablation zone of 6 mm with a transition zone of 8 mm was used, and in the higher myopia group (-5.60 to -15.50 D), smoothing and a cross sphere procedure (+0.75 D) were used. Mean spherical equivalent refraction after LASEK for low myopia in the MMC group at last examination (mean follow-up 312 days) was +0.50 ± 0.93, and 0 ± 0.34 D for the control group. Mean spherical equivalent refraction after LASEK for high myopia in the MMC group at last examination (mean follow-up 312 days) was +0.50 ± 1.03 D, and +0.40 ± 0.78 D for the control group. Mean haze in the low myopia MMC group was 0.06 and in the control group, 0.11; in the high myopia MMC group it was 0.1, and in the control group, 0.27 (all differences P<.05). No differences between baseline and postoperative BSCVA were noted. Early and late overcorrection were noted in the MMC group. Increased high order aberrations were evident at 1 month and 1 year in the MMC groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of mitomycin C 0.01% with LASEK significantly decreased subepithelial haze. However, refractive outcome was less predictable. High order aberrations increased after LASEK with MMC. Additional studies with longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate long-term effects, and ideal MMC concentration and exposure time. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S693-S698]
Advanced Surface Ablation for Presbyopia Using the Nidek EC-5000 Laser
Authors: Cantú Roberto , Rosales Marco A , Tepichín Eduardo , Curioca Andrée , Montes Víctor , Bonilla Julio
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present 1 to 6-month follow-up results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using multizone presbyopic advanced surface ablation (PASA) with a peripheral near zone.

METHODS: LASIK was performed on 28 eyes of 17 patients (10 men and 7 women; mean age 49.8 years with a range of 37 to 62 years). Eyes had primary or enhancement treatments with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. Three techniques were used: 1) total transepithelial ablation, 2) surface ablation for far vision ametropia correction, and 3) concentric peripheral near zone presbyopia correction (technique developed by Dr. A. Telandro with a modified nomogram by Dr. R. Cantú for surface ablation). One surgeon (RC) performed all surgery.

RESULTS: We present the preoperative and post-operative measurements for far and near uncorrected visual acuity, total high order aberrations, spherical aberration (Z-12), asphericity Q index, eccentricity corneal shape factor, and total coma and trefoil aberrations. Increases occurred in negative spherical aberration, negative asphericity index, and positive eccentricity corneal shape factor.

CONCLUSIONS: Advanced surface ablation for presbyopia with a concentric peripheral near zone is a promising approach for surgical correction of presbyopia and potentially could be used with any advanced surface ablation procedure. Increases in negative spherical aberration and asphericity/ eccentricity indices seemed to increase the depth of focus of the eye, improving the near vision. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S711-S713]
Silicone Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Dislocated into the Vitreous Cavity
Authors: Martínez-Castillo Vicente , Elies Daniel , Boixadera Anna , García-Arumí José , Mauricio Joaquín , Cavero Lluís , Coret Andreu
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report two highly myopic patients with silicone posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (Phakic Refractive Lens; CIBA Vision, Duluth, Ga) that luxated into the vitreous cavity without history of ocular trauma.

METHODS: Two patients with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) that luxated into the vitreous cavity of the right eye were examined. Each eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the posterior chamber PIOL under retrobulbar anesthesia.

RESULTS: Both patients were treated successfully. In the first patient, the posterior chamber PIOL luxated into the anterior vitreous cavity whereas in the second patient, the posterior chamber PIOL lay on the posterior pole. No ocular complications developed postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: Luxation into the vitreous cavity is a rare, but potentially severe complication of posterior chamber PIOL refractive surgery in highly myopic eyes. Successful management includes pars plana vitrectomy and removal of the posterior chamber PIOL. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:773-777]
Influence of Flap Thickness on Results of Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Prandi Barbara , Baviera Julio , Morcillo Miguel
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study whether flap thickness influences laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) results.

METHODS: This comparative, non-randomized, retrospective study comprised 421 LASIK eyes (233 patients) with spherical equivalent refraction between -0.60 and -6.00 diopters (D). Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed with the Moria One manual microkeratome and the Chiron Technolas 217C laser. Depending on the flap thickness, the eyes were divided into three groups (group 1, flap thickness ≤100 µm; group 2, flap thickness >100 µm and <130 µm; and group 3, flap thickness ≥130 µm). For each group uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, residual spherical equivalent refraction, and keratometric power (D) were measured 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after LASIK. Complications, retreatment, and correlation between flap thickness and preoperative corneal thickness and keratometric power were also analyzed.

RESULTS: One month postoperatively, UCVA was ≥20/20 in 76% (96 eyes), 56% (79 eyes), and 61% (93 eyes) of eyes in the three group, respectively (P=.015). One month postoperatively, UCVA was ≥20/25 in 88% (111 eyes), 76% (108 eyes), and 76% (116 eyes) of eyes in the three groups, respectively (P=.015). Complication rate and retreatment rate were not statistically different among the groups. At 6-month follow-up, no statistically significant differences were noted in UCVA between the groups. Significant correlations between flap thickness and preoperative corneal thickness (P<.0001) and between flap thickness and preoperative keratometric power (P<.05) were found.

CONCLUSION: Patients with flaps ≤100 µm had better functional results at 1 month than those with thicker flaps. It may be important to perform LASIK with thin flaps to save corneal tissue in the stromal bed. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:790-796]
Prediction of Corneal Haze Using an Ablation Depth/Corneal Thickness Ratio After Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis
Authors: Lin Ning , Yee Steven B , Mitra Shrabanee , Chuang Alice Z , Yea Richard W
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of ablation depth/corneal thickness (AD/CT) ratio to predict corneal haze after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) using a retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.

METHODS: Fifty patients (90 eyes; mean age 40.9 years) with myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism underwent bilateral or unilateral LASEK for correction of refractive error. After epithelial flaps were created using an 18% alcohol solution, bilateral or unilateral LASEK was performed using the Alcon Autonomous LADARVision 4000 excimer laser. Visual acuity (best spectacle-corrected and uncorrected) and refractive error were measured before and after LASEK. Corneas were assessed by two independent evaluators under a slit-lamp biomicroscope with broad tangential illumination. The relative haze scale was quantitated: 0 (clear), 0.5+ (trace), 1+ (mild), 2+ (moderate), 3+ (marked), and 4+ (severe).

RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -5.46 ± 3.74 D (range -12.375 to +5.00 D), mean ablation depth was 93.04 ± 45.03 µm (range 21.2 to 207.2 µm), and mean AD/CT ratio was 0.18 ± 0.09 (range 0.04 to 0.41). Of 90 eyes, 40 eyes had a higher ablation depth (AD/CT ratio >0.18) and 50 eyes had a lower ablation depth (AD/CT ratio <0.18); 92.5% of eyes in the higher ratio group developed clinically significant haze (1+ or greater). In the lower ratio group, 94% of eyes developed no more than 1+ corneal haze, if any.

CONCLUSION: The ablation depth/corneal thickness ratio is useful for predicting corneal haze after LASEK. An AD/CT ratio of 0.18 or more suggests that patients have a high risk of developing clinically significant haze (1+ or more) after LASEK. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:797-802]
Wavefront Aberrations Associated With the Ferrara Intrastromal Corneal Ring in a Keratoconic Eye
Authors: Chalita Maria Regina , Krueger Ronald R
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the optical implications of the aberration pattern of a keratoconic eye implanted with an intrastromal corneal ring (Ferrara ring).

METHODS: A 32-year-old man with bilateral keratoconus had a Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring implanted in his right eye. Surgery was uneventful and both uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected (BSCVA) visual acuity improved. Corneal topography was performed before and after surgery. Wavefront measurements were performed 1 month after the procedure in both eyes for comparison. The point spread function, modulation transfer function (MTF), and convolved acuity chart were analyzed.

RESULTS: The right eye-implanted with the intrastromal Ferrara ring-had high root-mean-square (RMS) values for higher order aberrations. The left eye-keratoconus without an intrastromal ring-had moderate values. Point spread function, MTF, and convolution acuity charts are presented for each eye, with the latter two showing improved visual function in the implanted eye, despite a higher aberration value.

CONCLUSION: The wavefront measurement device captured aberrations even in a highly aberrated eye. Despite better UCVA and BSCVA, the Ferrara ring notably increased higher order aberrations compared to the fellow eye, but with a more uniform central pattern. In this case, the larger RMS value was a poor predictor of good visual function; other metrics better predicted the patient's subjective response. Metrics other than RMS error may be necessary to better correlate aberration value with visual satisfaction in some eyes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:823-830]
Surface Roughness After Excimer Laser Ablation Using a PMMA Model: Profilometry and Effects on Vision
Authors: Naroo Shehzad A , Charman W Neil
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To show that the limited quality of surfaces produced by one model of excimer laser systems can degrade visual performance with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) model.

METHODS: A range of lenses of different powers was ablated in PMMA sheets using five DOS-based Nidek EC-5000 laser systems (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) from different clinics. Surface quality was objectively assessed using profilometry. Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity were measured through the lenses when their powers were neutralized with suitable spectacle trial lenses.

RESULTS: Average surface roughness was found to increase with lens power, roughness values being higher for negative lenses than for positive lenses. Losses in visual contrast sensitivity and acuity measured in two subjects were found to follow a similar pattern. Findings are similar to those previously published with other excimer laser systems.

CONCLUSIONS: Levels of surface roughness produced by some laser systems may be sufficient to degrade visual performance under some circumstances. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:260-268.]
Bilateral Giant Retinal Tear Following Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Navarro Rafael , Gris Oscar , Broc Laura , Corcóstegui Borja
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral giant retinal tear following posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation.

METHODS: A patient with an ocular history of retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear 4 months after a bilateral PIOL implantation was referred with a macula on retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear in the fellow eye. The patient underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and an encircling buckle. Five months later, a lensectomy with phakic IOL and silicone oil removal were performed.

RESULTS: The retina was reattached and has remained stable during 3-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Although it is unclear whether retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear following refractive procedures occurs within the normal incidence in myopic eyes, prophylactic measures are mandatory in high-risk fellow eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:298-300.]
Wavefront Analysis in Normal Refractive Surgery Candidates
Authors: Netto Marcelo V , Ambrósio Renato , Shen Tueng T , Wilson Steven E
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To quantify the higher order aberrations of refractive surgery candidates and compare the wavefront-determined refractions with manifest refractions refined with a ±0.25 Jackson cross cylinder.

METHODS: Results of 226 consecutive patients (418 eyes) were analyzed with the WaveScan WavePrint system (VISX, Santa Clara, Calif). Only patients with normal eyes without previous surgery were included.

RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refraction determined with wavefront analysis was -3.40±3.14 diopters (D) (range: -10.72 to +5.41 D). The largest amount of higher order aberrations was detected with a 6-mm pupil diameter (coma 0.14±0.08 µm; trefoil 0.10±0.07 µm; spherical aberrations 0.09±0.07 µm). The mean root-mean-square of higher order aberrations and total aberrations were 0.23 ±0.11 µm and 4.00 ± 2.45 µm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was noted between higher order aberrations and gender (P=0.78) or between higher order aberration and refractive level (P>.59). The mean differences in spherical equivalent refraction, sphere, and cylinder between WaveScan measurements and manifest refraction were 0.36±0.41 D, 0.40±0.44 D, and 0.28±0.32 D, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides reference values for higher order aberrations in normal refractive surgery candidates. Wavefront analysis also proved to be a valuable tool for objectively measuring preoperative refractive error. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:332-338.]
Theoretical Effect of Changes in Entrance Pupil Magnification on Wavefront-guided Laser Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Charman William N , Atchison David A
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore theoretically the effect on the correction of higher order aberrations of changes in the magnification between the aperture stop (iris) and entrance pupil of the eye, following myopic excimer laser ablation.

METHODS: Using a simple schematic eye model, paraxial calculations were made of the position and magnification of the entrance pupil of the eye as a function of the power of a myopic photorefractive keratectomy correction.

RESULTS: Corneal flattening following myopic corneal ablation results in a reduction in the magnification between the aperture stop (iris) and entrance pupil. This implies that an ablation designed to correct higher order errors on the basis of the preoperative wavefront aberration across the entrance pupil will result in an incomplete correction. Taking into account the fact that the total ocular aberration depends on the combined effects of all optical components of the eye, which are distributed in depth, rather than being associated simply with the anterior surface of the cornea, the exact effects depend on the methods used to measure the aberration and the distribution of the total aberration between the different components of the eye. The errors in correction increase with the magnitude of the myopic correction.

CONCLUSIONS: To minimize the postoperative higher order aberrations in higher amounts of myopia, it may be desirable to remeasure them after a first ablation to correct the second-order refractive errors and then to carry out a second ablation to correct the higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:386-391.]
LASIK Risk Score: An Easy Method to Predict Postoperative Outcome
Authors: Najjar Dany M
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: To present a simple model for assessing the risk score of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS: The LASIK surgery risk score is a number attributed to every LASIK procedure and depends on the presence of individual variables that might add difficulty and increase the risk of the surgical procedure.

RESULTS: The score can vary from 1 to 14 with values between 1 and 4 considered low risk for complications, values between 5 and 9 moderate risk, and values above 10 high risk.

CONCLUSIONS: This scale gives a gross estimate of the surgical risk of the LASIK procedure and adds valuable information to the preoperative assessment. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:399-400.]
Phototherapeutic LASEK for a Persistent Epithelial Defect and a Recurrent Epithelial Erosion
Authors: Hondur Ahmet , Bilgihan Kamil , Hasanreisoglu Berati
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: To present two patients, one with persistent epithelial defect and one with recurrent epithelial erosion, unresponsive to conventional therapy treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with the laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) technique (phototherapeutic LASEK).

METHODS: The epithelial flap was created following 18% ethanol application for 20 seconds. A 10-µm deep ablation was performed in the central 7.0-mm zone. A contact lens was placed and the patient examined daily until epithelial closure. Upon epithelial closure, the contact lens was removed. A mild topical steroid and artificial tears were applied for 2 weeks.

RESULTS: The epithelium healed in 4 days in both patients. Patients reported only mild pain until epithelial closure. The manifest refraction and uncorrected visual acuity remained unchanged in both eyes. No haze was noted. The first patient has remained asymptomatic without any recurrence for 12 months, and the second for 9 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Phototherapeutic LASEK provides a therapeutic option for refractory recurrent erosions and persistent epithelial defects, with the additional benefit of being less painful and less risky for haze development than conventional PTK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:406-407.]
La importancia de la ‘prótesis cultural’ en el episodio LXXIIII de la segunda parte de Don Quijote de la Mancha, en el cual el protagonista fallece
Authors: Albújar Escuredo Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la influencia que la narración tiene en la vida de los seres humanos. Se conecta este hecho con el concepto de ‘prótesis cultural’ de Roger Bartra. Y finalmente se utiliza dicha noción, una vez equiparada con la idea de ‘suplemento’ derridiano, para hacer una interpretación alternativa del episodio LXXIIII de Don Quijote de la Mancha.
De caballeros, animales y jaulas (II, 16-17): don Quijote y don Diego de Miranda entre vida política y vida literaria
Authors: Darnis Pierre
Published: December 2019

Los capítulos 16-17 de la Segunda parte de Don Quijote encierran una sátira política y una sátira ad hominem. El personaje de don Diego forma parte de un amplio grupo de falsos caballeros, de los cuales don Quijote es la piedra de toque desde el capítulo 6. Dentro del itinerario menipeo de don Quijote, la indumentaria que viste el hidalgo de Miranda apunta a un blanco que muchos lectores del Siglo de Oro podían entrever. Además, dentro de un contexto militar que lleva a «proveer las costas de Nápoles y Sicilia y la isla de Malta» ante la amenaza del «Turco [que] bajaba con una poderosa armada» (II, 1), la figura del «caballero del verde gabán» se tornaba bastante controvertida.
Cervantes, lector de Giraldi Cinzio y Gaitán de Vozmediano: de Gli Ecatommiti y la Primera parte de las cien novelas a Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Juan Ramón
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar la presencia de Gli Ecatommiti (1565), de G. B. Giraldi Cinzio, y de su traducción parcial al castellano, Primera parte de las cien novelas de M. Juan Baptista Giraldo Cinthio (1590), realizada por Luis Gaitán de Vozmediano, en Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, de Cervantes. Consta de dos partes nítidamente diferenciadas: en la primera se lleva a cabo una descripción tanto de la estructura de Gli Ecatommiti como de la versión castellana, se repasa la influencia de manera general que han podido ejercer sobre la novela póstuma de Cervantes y se ofrecen datos nuevos a propósito de la persona de Luis Gaitán, al que Cervantes pudo conocer de primera mano. En la segunda, se ofrece un análisis detallado del diálogo intertextual que se establece entre la novella II, 8 de Gli Ecatommiti y el episodio de las dobles bodas de los pescadores (Persiles, II, XI y XIII).
Una recreación inédita y desconocida del Quijote: El último Quijote (1902) de Jesús de Amber y José Montero
Authors: Montero Reguera José , Cabaleiro Soutullo Hermitas
Published: December 2019

Estudiamos y editamos en este trabajo una recreación teatral desconocida e inédita de Don Quijote: El último Quijote (1902), sainete lírico de Jesús de Amber y José Montero Iglesias, periodistas afincados en Santander en el comienzo del siglo XX. Se trata de una de las primeras parodias de la novela cervantina en la centuria pasada, escrita en momento de especial intensidad a este respecto, tiempo propicio para aquellas y de consolidación del mito quijotesco. La obra que nos ocupa añade, en tanto que recreación, la novedad de situar la acción en un tiempo contemporáneo (aunque nunca concretado de forma explícita), en un espacio inventado pero verosímil, y de acudir a los registros y procedimientos del Género chico para desarrollar la parodia del personaje y libro cervantino.