bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducción al Dossier Movimientos sociales en el siglo XXI. Rupturas continuidades y novedades
Authors: Schneider Cecilia , Moreira Micaela
Published: February 2021

El estudio de los movimientos sociales ha generado una variedad de enfoques –tanto teóricos como metodológicos- para intentar explicar un fenómeno complejo, multidimensional y tan frecuente como atractivo: la movilización colectiva orientada hacia la transformación social.Más de cuatro décadas de análisis han permitido consolidar una serie de premisas teóricas yconceptos sólidos sobre las diferencias entre acción colectiva y movimientos sociales, losfactores que desatan su emergencia o letargo, las dimensiones que intervienen en suconfiguración, la importancia del contexto y de los liderazgos políticos, y la no siempre sencilla relación con las instituciones formales del sistema político.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA DARI BATANG PISANG
Authors: Santoso Ridwan
Published: February 2021

In this study consists of 5 stages, namely preparation of raw materials, cellulose isolation, alkalization, carboxymethylization, and purification. The raw material preparation stage is banana stem powder sieved at mesh 60. Furthermore, cellulose isolation of banana stems is carried out with 90% formic acid with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 180 minutes at 100 0C. Alkalised using 15% NaOH and varying concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% isopropanol solvents in a 100 rpm waterbath shaker for 60 minutes at 300C. The next step is carboxymethylation between alkali cellulose and trichloroacetic acid for 180 minutes at 550C in a 100 rpm waterbath shaker. At the purification glacial acetic acid and ethanol are used to remove unwanted by-products. The results characteristics with the highest degree of substitution value of 0.8 in the composition of 100% isopropanol, the highest purity of 99.7%, pH 4.8 and 5% moisture content.
Changes in the pitch-accent system of Gernika Basque
Authors: Rodríguez-Ordóñez Itxaso
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The pitch-accent system in Northern Bizkaian Basque (nbb) is characterized for making a pitch distinction between lexical accented/unaccented words (i.e. singular vs. plural contrast) and for lacking a durational correlate of accentual prominence. The present study examines whether such system is maintained in Gernika Basque, a variety of nbb. Results show that younger speakers (ages 18-45) from Spanish speaking households are more likely to show no pitch differences to convey a singular/plural contrast if they also belong to Spanish-speaking social networks. Although duration correlates were found among some speakers, its use was not directly related to the loss of contrast in pitch. LABURPENA Bizkaiko Iparraldeko doinu-azentu sistemak hitz azentudunak edo azentugabeak ezberdintzen ditu (adibidez, singularra eta pluralen artean), baina iraupenak ez du azentuarekiko garrantzirik. Lan honetan, Gernikako doinu-azentu sistema gazteen artean mantentzen den aztertzea dugu helburu. Emaitzek erakusten dute gazteek (18-45 urte bitartekoak) singularra eta pluralaren arteko ezberdintasuna ez dutela mantentzen guraso elebidunak edo erdaldun elebakarrak badituzte, baina baldin eta sare sozial erdaldunak badituzte ere. Nahiz eta hiztun batzuek iraupena erabiltzen duten silaba azentudunak markatzeko, iraupenak duen garrantzia ez du zerikusi handirik hiztunek tonu diferentziarekiko duten galera aldetik. RESUMEN El sistema acentual del norte de Vizcaya emplea el tono para distinguir palabras lexicales acentuadas y no acentuadas (singular y plural), mientras que la duración no es un correlato acentual. En este trabajo analizamos si dicho sistema se mantiene en el habla de Gernika, una variedad del norte de Vizcaya. Los resultados indican que los hablantes jóvenes (18-45 años de edad) que provienen de casas castellano-parlantes tienden a no mostrar una diferencia tonal, siempre y que éstos también se socialicen en redes sociales de habla castellana. Aunque algunos hablantes emplean la duración como correlato acentual, esto no indica que sea consecuencia de la pérdida del contraste tonal.
Garaziko hizkuntza-aldakortasuna geografiaren, adinaren eta generoaren arabera
Authors: Artzelus Alexander
Published: February 2021

LABURPENA Nafarroa Behereko hegoaldean kokatuta dagoen, eta Nafarroa Garaiko Luzaide herria barne duen Garazi ibarreko euskararen aldakortasuna ikertzea da lan honen helburua. Hipotesi orokorra da bertako mintzoa abiada bizian aldatzen ari dela, eta hipotesi zehatzak dira berriz, aldaketa hori geografiaren, adinaren eta generoaren arabera gertatzen ari dela. Geografia aldagaiari dagokionez, Luzaide gainerako herrietatik aparte gelditzen ari dela uste dugu, muga politikoa hizkuntza-muga ere bihurtuz doala. Adinari dagokionez, berriz, adinekoak adinekoak gertuago daude base dialect deitzen den horretatik eta gazteek euskara batuaren eta frantsesaren edo gaztelaniaren eragin handiagoa dute. Azkenik, generoaren arabera, adineko emakumeak, gizonekin konparatuta, gordetzaile eta gazteak berritzaile dira. RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la variación del habla del valle de Cisa, situado al sur de la Baja Navarra, comprendiendo también el pueblo alto-navarro de Valcarlos. La hipótesis general es que el euskara de este valle está cambiando a un ritmo acelerado, y las hipótesis concretas son que la geografía, la edad y el género influyen en este cambio. En cuanto a la geografía, creemos que Valcarlos se está quedando aparte lingüísticamente de los demás pueblos, convirtiéndose así la frontera política en frontera lingüística. En cuanto a la edad, los mayores están más cerca de lo que se denomina base dialect y los jóvenes tienen más influencias del euskara estándar y del francés o español. Por último, en cuanto al género, las mujeres mayores son más conservadoras y las jóvenes más innovadoras que los hombres. ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to analyze the variation of the Garazi valley, situated on the south of Lowern Navarre and the Upper Navarre town of Luzaide. The general hypothesis is that the Basque of this valley is changing fast, and the specific hypotheses are that this change is being led by geography, age and gender. Regarding geography, the Basque variety from Luzaide is becoming different from the rest of the villages due to the political frontier. In terms of age, oldest people are closer to the base dialect, and youngest people have more influences of standard Basque and French or Spanish. Finally, regarding gender, older women are more conservative and younger more innovative than men.
Variantes del topónimo Iruña (siglos XI y XII)
Authors: Larrambebere Miguel
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN Iruña es la denominación ancestral que la lengua vasca ha utilizado hasta nuestros días para designar a la ciudad de Pamplona. Menos conocido es el hecho de que este topónimo fue incorporado entre mediados del s. XI y mediados del s. XII a la documentación del reino de Pamplona, especialmente a la emanada de la escribanía regia, para referirse a la sede episcopal y al señorío del obispo sobre la ciudad. Llama la atención que en los documentos del período citado la palabra Iruña presenta diversas variantes: fundamentalmente Eruña, Oruña y Uruña. La procedencia geográfica de los escribas que más usaron dichas formas puede dar luz acerca de las comarcas en que estas tuvieron vigencia. LABURPENA Iruña da euskaraz Nafarroako hiriburuari oso aspalditik eman zaion izena. Izen honek bizirik iraun du etenik gabe gaur egun arte euskaran eta hiriaren nahiz inguruko herrien toponimia txikian. Ez da hain ezaguna, aitzitik, herri hizkeran erabiltzen den toponimo hori mende batean zehar, XI. mende erditik XII. mende erdira arte, Iruñeko erresumaren izkribuetan txertatua izan zela; bereziki errege eskribautzan jatorria zuten dokumentuetan apezpiku egoitza eta apezpikuaren jauntasuna aipatzeko. Deigarria da garai horretako dokumentuetan Iruña hitzak hainbat aldaera agertzen dituela: nagusiki, Eruña, Oruña, Uruña. Forma hauek gehien erabili zituzten eskribauen jatorri geografikoak aldaera horien erabilera eremuen berri eman dezake. ABSTRACT Iruña is the ancient name that the Basque language has used until today to refer to the city of Pamplona. Less well known is the fact that this place name has been incorporated from the middle of the 11th century to the middle of the 12th century into the documents of the kingdom of Pamplona, specially into them that came from the royal clerkship, in order to designate the bishop’s seat and the bishop’s lordship on the city. It is noteworthy that in the documents of the mentioned period the word Iruña has several variations: mainly Eruña, Oruña, Uruña. The geographical origin of scribes who used these forms can shed light on the counties where they were in effect.
Olaibarko aldaeraren inguruan (Lehen erdia: iparraldeko herriak)
Authors: Artola Koldo
Published: February 2021

LABURPENA Olaibarko hau Louis-Lucien Bonaparte euskalariak Iruñe ondo-ondoko Atarrabia herria hegoaldeko mugatzat harturik, Ezkaba menditik iparralderanzko Ezkabarte, Olaibar eta Odieta izeneko ibarrak besarkatuz osatu zuen. Aldaera honekin, Erroibar, Auritz, Artzibar eta Eguesibar deiturikoekin batera, printzeak cispamplonés deitu zuen azpieuskalkia marraztu zuen, hau guztia Hegoaldeko goi-nafarrera deitu ere egin zuen euskalkiaren barruan. Saio honetara aldaera honen iparraldeari dagozkion zenbait herritan duela hogeita hamar urte inguru bildu genituen grabazioetatik ateratako hainbat testu ekarri dugu. RESUMEN Esta de Olaibar fue así denominada por el príncipe Louis-Lucien Bonaparte cuando definió su clasificación dialectal del euskara. Fijó el punto más meridional de la variedad en el pueblo de Villava, junto a Pamplona, extendiéndola al norte del monte Ezkaba y abarcando los valles de Ezkabarte, Olaibar y Odieta. Con esta variedad, la quinta, sumada a las de Erro, Burguete, Arce y Egüés, completó lo que él denominó subdialecto cispamplonés, dentro del dialecto alto navarro meridional. A este ensayo traemos ahora textos recogidos en la parte más septentrional de la variedad, hace ahora unos treinta años. ABSTRACT The Olaibar variety was given its name by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte when he made his dialectal classification of the Basque language. He located the southernmost point of the variety in the town of Villava, near Pamplona, from which it spreads north of Mount Ezkaba, encompassing the valleys of Ezkabarte, Olaibar and Odieta. This variety, the fifth, completed, along with the Erro, Burguete, Arce and Egüés varieties, what he called the cispamplonés subdialect of the southern upper Navarrese dialect. This article offers texts collected from the northernmost part of the area some thirty years ago.
Baztango 1750eko eliza-agindua: edizioa eta azterketa
Authors: Reguero Urtzi
Published: February 2021

LABURPENA Saio honen helburua da 1750ean Gaspar Miranda eta Argaitz Iruñeko gotzainak dantzak debekatzeko aginduaren euskarazko itzulpenaren edizioa aurkeztea; horretarako Baztango Elbeten eta Elizondon jasotako bi aldaerak erabili dira. Testuak lehendik ere ezagunak baziren ere, saio honetan lehen aldiz eskaintzen dira Elbeteko eta Elizondoko aldaerak batera eta osorik, edizio kritiko batean. Edizioaren ondoren, testuaren azterketa dialektologikoa egiten da eta zenbait ohar ematen dira testuaren fidagarritasun dialektalaz. RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar la edición crítica del edicto eclesiástico en el que se prohibieron los bailes públicos. Fue ordenado en 1750 por el obispo de Pamplona Gaspar Miranda y Argaitz y el edicto fue traducido al euskera. Para la presente edición nos basamos en las variantes conocidas de Elbete y Elizondo, ambas localidades del valle del Baztán. Aunque los dos textos eran conocidos antes, en este trabajo se presentan por primera vez ambas versiones juntas y completas en una edición crítica. El trabajo concluye con un estudio dialectológico del euskera utilizado y se habla sobre su fiabilidad dialectal. ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper is to present a critical edition of an ecclesiastic edict that forbade public dances. This edict was ordered by Gaspar Miranda y Argaitz, the bishop of Pamplona, in 1750 and was translated into Basque, in a dialectal variant of Elbete and Elizondo, both villages of Baztan. Even though the texts were well-known, in this paper both are presented in full length and together for the first time in a critical edition. In addition, a dialectological analysis is presented as well in order to illustrate the dialectal reliability.
Etxe > itxe aldaera Malerrekako eta Bortzirietako toponimia historikoaren argitan batik bat
Authors: Iñigo Andres
Published: February 2021

LABURPENA Toponimiaren alorrean, orain arte egindako ikerketa lanen arabera, uste izan da euskarazko etxe > itxe bilakaera fenomeno berri samarra dela. Izan ere, ahozko erabileran nahiko hedatua eta ezaguna bada ere, hagitz lekukotasun gutxi aurkitu dira dokumentazio historikoan. Horregatik, pentsatu da azken bi mendeetan-edo gertatutako fenomenoa dela. Artikulu honetan bildutako lekukotasun historikoen argitan, egiaztatzen ahal da, Nafarroako Malerrekan eta Bortzirietan batez ere, eta neurri batean Baztanen eta Xaretan ere, aspaldiko gertaera dela, XVI. menderako, behinik behin, ongi errotua ageri dena. Hortaz, azpimarratzekoa da artxibo historikoak aztertzeak eta gordetako idazkiak ongi miatzeak duen garrantzia onomastikaren alorra sakonki ezagutu ahal izateko. RESUMEN Por los trabajos realizados hasta la actualidad en el campo de la toponimia, se ha dado por supuesto que la evolución etxe > itxe en euskera es un fenómeno relativamente reciente. En efecto, a pesar de ser un hecho bastante extendido geográficamente en el uso oral, los testimonios obtenidos en la documentación escrita son, sin embargo, muy escasos y apenas anteriores al siglo xviii . Por ello, ha sido considerado como un fenómeno más bien contemporáneo. No obstante, los testimonios históricos aportados en el presente artículo, demuestran que al menos en los valles de Malerreka y Bortziriak y, en cierta medida, en Baztan y Xareta es un hecho mucho más antiguo, claramente registrado para el siglo xvi. Cabe incidir, por lo tanto, en la importancia que tiene el exhaustivo análisis de la rica documentación de los archivos para seguir avanzando en el conocimiento de la onomástica. ABSTRACT Due to the research done in the field of toponymy up to the present day, it has been assumed that the evolution etxe > itxe in Basque language is a relatively recent phenomenon. Indeed, despite being a quite widespread occurrence geographically in its oral use, the testimonies obtained in the written documentation have been very scarce and hardly beyond the 18th century. For that reason it has been considered a rather contemporary phenomenon. However, the historical testimonies provided in this article demonstrate that, at least in the valleys of Malerreka and Bortziriak and to some extent in Baztan and Xareta, it is a much older and well-recorded fact, at least for the 16th century. The importance of the scanning and analysis of the rich documentation of the archives to continue advancing in the field of onomastics needs, therefore, to be emphasized.
Inequalities in Learning in Vietnam: Teachers’ Beliefs About and Classroom Practices for Ethnic Minorities
Authors: DeJaeghere Joan , Dao Vu , Duong Bich-Hang , Luong Phuong
Published: February 2021

Global and national education agendas are concerned with improving quality and equality of learning outcomes. This paper provides an analysis of the case of Vietnam, which is regarded as having high learning outcomes and less inequality in learning. But national data and international test outcomes may mask the hidden inequalities that exist between minoritized groups and majority (Kinh) students. Drawing on data from qualitative videos and interviews of secondary teachers across 10 provinces, we examine the role of teachers’ beliefs, curricular design and actions in the classroom (Gale et al., 2017). We show that teachers hold different beliefs and engage in curricular design – or the use of hegemonic curriculum and instructional practices that produce different learning outcomes for minoritized students compared to Kinh students. It suggests that policies need to focus on the social-cultural aspects of teaching in addition to the material and technical aspects.
Black (Gifted) Joy: A Critical Race Theory Perspective
Authors: Novak Angela Marie
Published: February 2021

This article presents a theoretical question: what is giftedness, but an expression of Black joy? This is presented with relevant real-world examples and #BlackVoices through youth poetry. The framework of critical race theory is used as a lens, to situate the world in which Black joy is found. The author argues that this manifestation, situated within the structural racism ever present in the system of education, has the unfortunate impact of igniting educators’ anti-blackness, resulting in the missingness (Gentry et al., 2019) of gifted Black students from gifted programs and services. The author delves into constructs of white supremacy, white rage, and antiblackness as the foundational concepts that contribute to this missingness, using research and more youth poetry to substantiate the claims. #BlackVoices are featured throughout, as emic perspectives, giving voice, heart, soul, and joy to the research, the words on the page.
PERTUMBUHAN AKUN INSTAGRAM PERPUSTAKAAN PTKIN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mafar Fiqru
Published: February 2021

Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang paling populer di masyarakat. Melihat potensi tersebut, beberapa pengelola perpustakaan perguruan tinggi mulai melirik instagram sebagai wahana informasi sekaligus mempromosikan institusi yang mereka kelola. Objek penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap eksistensi perpustakaan PTKIN di instagram. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model kepustakaan dengan menganalisis tanggal awal posting, rata-rata posting, dan jumlah pengikut pada masing-masing akun instagram perpustakaan PTKIN di Indonesia.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, eksistensi Perpustakaan PTKIN di instagram tergolong tinggi. Hal ini dapat dilihat terdapat 37 akun instagram dari 58 perpustakaan PTKIN di Indonesia. Dengan kata lain, lebih dari setengah atau 63,79% perpustakaan PTKIN di Indonesia telah memanfaatkan instagram untuk mempromosikan institusi yang mereka kelola. 

Instagram is one of the most popular social media in society. Seeing this potential, some university library managers have started to look at Instagram as well as promoting the institutions that they manage. The object of this research is to investigate the existence of the PTKIN library on Instagram. The method in this study uses a library model by analyzing the start date of posting, the average posting, and the number of followers on each of the PTKIN library Instagram accounts in Indonesia. The results showed that in general, the existence of PTKIN Library on Instagram was high. It can be seen that there are 37 Instagram accounts from 58 PTKIN libraries in Indonesia. In other words, more than half or 63,79% of PTKIN libraries in Indonesia have used Instagram to promote the institutions they manage.
INOVASI PENGEMBANGAN MATERI PELAJARAN BAHASA ASING TINGKAT MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH BERBASIS WHITEBOARD ANIMATION
Authors: Najahah Najahah , Ulfah Ulin Ni'mah Rodliya
Published: February 2021

Teknologi dan bahasa asing adalah dua hal yang saling berkesinambungan. Penguasaan dua materi tersebut menjadi sebuah keniscayaan bagi sivitas akademika baik pendidik maupun siswa. Hal ini karena, mayoritas kegiatan pembelajaran berhubungan dengan alat-alat digital dan bahasa asing dalam penyampaiannya. Tekhnologi diciptakan untuk mempermudah usaha manusia, selain itu ia juga dapat meningkatkan  pencapaian tujuan. Dalam pengajaran bahasa asing, siswa cenderung lebih mudah  memahami materi jika disampaikan dalam bentuk gambar, film, video ataupun animasi. Pengajaran Bahasa bahasa Asing saat ini masih dianggap kurang memuaskan dikarenakan materi yang disampaikan terlalu monoton dan kurang bersentuhan dengan tekhnologi sehingga kurang menarik untuk disampaikan. Kedua, materi ajar lebih banyak  diasosiasikan dengan  buku  teks  pelajaran. Padahal sebenarnya,  materi ajar dapat berupa kamus, kaset, video, lembar kerja, dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hal-hal di atas, maka peneliti mengembangkan materi pelajaran Bahasa Asing pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah berbasis Whiteboard Animation.

Technology and foreign language are two related things. Mastery in the above two is a must for academic people, either for the teachers or the students. It is because, majority, the learning activity are done with the help of digital technology and foreign language. Technology is created in order to help human activity and also to improve the goals’ achievement. While in the teaching and learning process, students tend to understand the material more if it is delivered in the form of picture, movie, video or animation. The foreign learning, nowaday, is considered unsatisfied since the material delivered is monotone and less in touch with the technology, so it is not really attractive. Second, the learning materials are assosiated more with textbook. While actually, the learning materials can be in the form of dictionary, cassette, video, worksheet and so on. Based on the above fact, the researcher improvr the foreign (English and Arabic) learning materials for Islamic Junior High School based on whiteboard animation.
SISTEM PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH MUAMALAT
Authors: Aprilia Ayu Sandra Intan , Safitri Luluk
Published: February 2021

Dalam bermuamalah, dua pihak yang melakukan transaksi diposisikan mempunyai kedudukan yang sama dalam hak dan kewajiban. Namun, kesan yang ditimbulkan dari undang-undang perbankan lebih banyak mangatur dan memproteksi banka sebagai lembaga keuangan. Sementara posisi nasabah tidak mendapatkan porsi yang cukup dalam undang-undang, sehingga terkesan nasabah dalam suatu perjanjian lebih cenderung sebagai obyek bukannya subyek. Prinsip muamalah sesungguhnya terimplementasi dalam hukum perbankan Indonsia sebagaimana ditemukan dalam beberapa pasal dalam undang-undang perbankan, namun tidaklah berarti diimplementasikan. Maksudnya, ketika undang-undang itu disusun, kuat dugaan tidaklah membawa pesan khusus untuk memasukkan prinsip-prinsip muamalah terimplementasi dalam undang-undang perbankan, itu lebih karena prinsip-prinsip muamalah bersifat unversal yang dijunjung tinggi oleh nilai-nilai kemanusiaan.
Aplicação da Lei de Benford nos números de casos confirmados de COVID-19 em diferentes países
Authors: Menezes Rhômulo Oliveira
Published: February 2021

A Lei de Benford afirma que, em conjuntos de números aleatórios, a probabilidade de o primeiro dígito desses números ser 1 é maior do que a dos dígitos seguintes. Dessa forma, a distribuição proposta por essa lei mostra que o 1 tem aproximadamente 30,1% de chances de ser o primeiro; em seguida, o dígito 2, com 17,6%; o 3, com 12,5% e assim por diante, até chegar ao dígito 9, com 4,6% de chance. Nesse contexto, assume-se, como objetivo, verificar se a Lei de Benford se aplica aos números de casos confirmados da doença COVID-19 em diferentes países. A pesquisa, do tipo quantitativa, tratou e analisou dados coletados no site da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) dos seguintes países, escolhidos aleatoriamente, conforme notoriedade nas mídias nacionais e internacionais: China, Itália, Nova Zelândia, Brasil e Estados Unidos da América (EUA). Para avaliar a discrepância entre as frequências relativas observadas e esperadas, utilizou-se o teste de comparação de frequências. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os números da China e da Nova Zelândia tiveram X² calculado menor que o X² crítico, enquanto a Itália, o Brasil e os EUA tiveram X² calculado maior que o X² crítico, todos em um nível de significância de 5%. Assim, concluiu-se que a Lei de Benford aplicou-se aos números de casos confirmados da doença COVID-19 na China e na Nova Zelândia, sendo rejeitada pelos números de casos confirmados da doença COVID-19 na Itália, no Brasil e nos EUA.
Fabrication of nanostructured Ti thin film with Ti deposition in He plasmas
Authors: Miyaguchi Kazuya , Kajita Shin , Tanaka Hirohiko , Ohno Noriyasu
Published: February 2021

Titanium and helium were simultaneously deposited on a titanium thin film sample to prepare a sample with nanocone structures. It was confirmed that the shape and size of the surface structure varied with the change of the amount of titanium deposition. The crystal structure after oxidation treatment in the air had an anatase structure. A combination of the anatase structure, and the increase in the surface area could be beneficial for photocatalytic applications.
Experimental demonstration of GaN IMPATT diode at X-band
Authors: Kawasaki Seiya , Ando Yuto , Deki Manato , Watanabe Hirotaka , Tanaka Atsushi , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Arai Manabu , Amano Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

We report the first experimental demonstration of microwave oscillation in GaN impact ionization avalanche time transit (IMPATT) diodes at the X-band. The device used in this study is a single drift diode with a p+–n simple abrupt junction and vertical mesa termination. The reverse I–V characteristic of the diode shows low leakage current, clear avalanche breakdown, and high avalanche capability, as required for IMPATT operation. Microwave testing is performed in an X-band waveguide circuit with a reduced-height waveguide resonant cavity. Oscillations are observed at 9.52 GHz at a power of ∼56 mW.
Parathyroid Elastography―Elastography Evaluation Algorithm
Authors: Cotoi Laura , Amzăr Daniela , Sporea Ioan , Borlea Andreea , Schiller Oana , Schiller Adalbert , Pop Gheorghe Nicușor , Stoian Dana
Published: February 2021

(1) Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder of the parathyroid glands and the third most frequent endocrinopathy, especially among elderly women. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, the need to correctly identify the parathyroid glands is mandatory for a better outcome. Elastography can be an effective tool in the diagnosis of parathyroid lesions, by differentiating possible parathyroid lesions from thyroid disease, cervical lymph nodes, and other anatomical structures. There are currently no guidelines or recommendations and no established values on the elasticity of parathyroid lesions. (2) Material and Methods: In our studies, we have evaluated, by Shear Wave elastography (SWE), both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, determining that parathyroid glands have a higher elasticity index than both thyroid tissue and muscle tissue. (3) Results: For primary hyperparathyroidism, we have determined, using 2D-SWE, the parathyroid adenoma tissue (mean elasticity index (EI) measured by SWE 4.74 ± 2.74 kPa) with the thyroid tissue (11.718 ± 4.206 kPa) and with the surrounding muscle tissue (16.362 ± 3.829 kPa). For secondary hyperparathyroidism, by SWE elastographic evaluation, we have found that the mean EI in the parathyroid gland was 7.83 kPa, a median value in the thyroid parenchyma of 13.76 kPa, and a mean muscle EI value at 15.78 kPa. (4) Conclusions: Elastography can be a useful tool in localizing parathyroid disease, whether primary or secondary, by correctly identifying the parathyroid tissue. We have determined that an EI below 7 kPa in SWE elastography correctly identifies parathyroid tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism, and that a cut-off value of 9.98 kPa can be used in 2D-SWE to accurately diagnose parathyroid disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Parents’ Involvement in Children’s Dental Services Utilization
Authors: Dumitrache Mihaela Adina , Caramida Mariana , Ene Alexandra Stefania , Ilici Roxana Romanita
Published: February 2021

(1) Background: Parents play an important role in children’s oral health by contributing to the development of proper oral hygiene and eating behaviors as well as offering the child access to dental services. The aim of this study was the evaluation of parents’ involvement in their child’s visits to the dental office. (2) Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Romania on a sample of 105 parents using an online self-administered questionnaire. (3) Results: Only 9.52% of parents brought their children to the dental office for their first visit in their 1st year of life; 51.53% of children visit the dentist at least once a year but for only 42.86% of children, the reason of their last visit was a regular dental check-up. (4) Conclusions: parents underestimate the role of dental service utilization for their children; the first visit to the dental office for most children is at an older age than optimal, the frequency of dental visits is less than recommended, and they are treatment-oriented.
State of Renal Blood Flow in Premature Children with Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Borysova Tamara , Obolonska Olga , Andreychenko Irina
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) lowers the renal circulation because of the "ductal stealing phenomenon," which can change the renal blood flow.

The aim: To study the state of blood flow in the main renal artery and interlobar renal artery in premature infants with HSPDA. 

Materials and methods: 74 preterm newborns (gestational age 29-36 weeks) were divided into three groups: І - 40 children with HSPDA, ІІ - 17 children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) without hemodynamic disorders, ІІІ - 17 children with closed ductus arteriosus. Color ultrasound Doppler scan of the vascular bed of the kidneys was performed using a microconvex sensor with a frequency of 5-8 MHz ("TOSHIBA" Nemso XG model SSA-580A (Japan) from the main renal artery to the interlobar renal arteries of the right kidney. The following parameters of renal blood flow were studied: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI). 

Results: Peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the main renal artery and interlobar renal arteries did not differ significantly between groups. On the first, third, and tenth days of life, there was a significant decrease in the EDV of blood flow and increased RI in the main renal artery. The EDV of blood flow and RI in the interlobar renal artery on the first day of life did not differ depending on PDA's presence and its hemodynamic significance. On the third and tenth days of life and in the interlobar renal artery, a significant decrease in EDV of blood flow and increased RI were noted. These renal blood flow characteristics were closely related to the size of the PDA on the first day of life.

Conclusion: A feature of renal hemodynamics in HSPDA in premature infants is a decrease in the EDV of blood flow in the main renal artery and interlobar renal artery, as well as an increase in the RI of these vessels, directly correlating with the size of the PDA in the first day of life. During the first ten days of life, dynamic control revealed a slowed process of restoration of renal blood flow in babies with HSPDA, despite the PDA's closure.
Los costos asociados al proceso desinflacionario
Authors: Sánchez García Oscar , Seade Durán Juan Jesús , Werner Wainfeld Alejandro
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio de las regularidades empíricas de los procesos desinflacionarios implementados en distintos países durante el período 1970-1998. Para revertir las tendencias inflacionarias la autoridad monetaria debe implementar políticas monetarias restrictivas, estas políticas elevan la tasa de interés real y aprecian el tipo de cambio real, lo que afecta la tasa de crecimiento de la economía. El análisis de este trabajo se enfoca en identificar los determinantes de los costos asociados a la reducción en la tasa de inflación. Se presenta además un modelo macroeconómico que intenta capturar los elementos relevantes del proceso desinflacionario y de los costos asociados al mismo
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO INTENSE PULSED LIGHT DEVICES USED FOR PHOTOEPILATION
Authors: Menezes Honório Sampaio , Chacur Roberto , Cirino Simone Merceo Bacchi , Sobrinho Miguel D'Avilla , Chacur Nívea Maria Bordin da Silva
Published: February 2021

Background: Unwanted hair growth is a common aesthetic problem. Intense pulsed light hair removal has emerged as a
leading treatment option for long-term depilation.
Material and methods: Patients with phototypes I to III (n = 800) were subjected to 4 regular sessions (n=3200) of intense pulsed light, with 2
months follow-up at the end of treatment. Two devices (Silk'n, and Rejuvene) were analyzed about adverse effects and satisfaction.
Observation and results: This study of 3.200 ILP sessions did not show any serious side effects and the number of side effects was minimal
(8.75% to 10.5%). Patient satisfaction was over 90%. Both devices provided a similar and signicant reduction in hair density.
Conclusions: Both tested sources proved its safety and efcacy for hair removal. Patient satisfaction scores were in agreement with the treatment
efcacy. The incidence of side effects has no difference between devices. Axillary bromhidrosis was an unexpected side effect.
TREATMENT OF PROGRESSIVE HEMIFACIALATROPHY (PARRYROMBERG SYNDROME) WITH POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE: A CASE REPORT.
Authors: Chacur Roberto , Menezes Honório Sampaio , Chacur Nívea Maria Bordin da Silva , Alves Danuza Dias , Mafaldo Rodrigo Cadore , Gomes Leandro Dias , Barreto Gisele dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Progressive hemifacial atrophy, also called Parry-Romberg Syndrome (PRS), is a craniofacial disorder that typically involves the subcutaneous layer of one side of the face.This article We reports a case of a patient treated with polymethylmethacrylate for tissue augmentation and facial volume recovering asymmetry. Polymethylmethacrylate is effective and safe for treating progressive hemifacial atrophy and can leads a good aesthetic result.
EVALUATION OF OBSTETRIC NEAR MISS & MATERNAL DEATHS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Harika B. , Gollapalli Bhavishya
Published: February 2021

Background:
Maternal Mortality is a critical indicator to assess the quality of services provided by a health care system.The concept of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) has been found to complement the assessment of maternal health services, since pregnant women’s health status is not reflected by mortality indicators alone . Maternal near miss cases are more common than maternal deaths.
Methods:
A Retrospective analysis of maternal near miss cases and maternal deaths was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh over a period of two years. This study was conducted to find out maternal near miss and maternal deaths.
Results:
There were 2000 deliveries, 66 MNM cases and 2 maternal deaths during the study period. The Maternal Near Miss Incidence Ratio (MNMIR) ratio was 33%.The maternal near miss to mortality ratio was 33% for each maternal death. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 100 per 1 lakh live births in our study.
Conclusion:
We suggest near miss approach to evaluate and improve the quality of care provided by the health care system. By reviewing the near miss cases we can learn about the processes and their deficiencies that are in place for the care of pregnant women.
PROXIMAL END OF TIBIA: ITS MORPHOMERTY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Harmeet Kaur , Bhushan Mishra Abhi , Ashoka Ram kumar , Shalini Gandhi
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Knee joint is modified complex synovial joint perform wide range of three dimension movement. Arthritis of knee joint joint needs intervention as total knee arthroplasty and unicompartment knee arthroplasty commonly. This study provide useful data for those surgeries. In present study
collected data on the morphometry of both tibiofemoral articulation play a unique role in conduction of body weight. Morphometry of tibial plateau is used to guide treatment and monitor outcome of total knee replacement. Measurements of tibia plateau are of immense help in designing tibial prosthesis.
Aim: My study was aimed at analyzing Three different parameters of tibia were measured and their mean values were determined.
Materials and Methods: In the present study,a total thirty, adult fully ossified dry tibia, unknown sex and without any deformity were collected from Department of Anatomy of Kanti Devi Medical College ,Mathura for evaluation .Took various parameter of superior end by using a Vernier caliper and rular.

Result & Conclusion: The TTT area is greater in the right tibia when compared with the left tibia. The mean area of MTC of the right tibia is greater than the area of MTC of the left tibia, whereas the mean area of LTC of the right tibia is smaller than the area of LTC of the left tibia. This study will be useful for anatomist, forensic anthropologist and orthopedics in cases total knee arthroplasty, unicompartment knee arthroplasty and meniscal transplantation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERCUTANEOUS NEEDLE ASPIRATION AND CATHETER DRAINAGE IN MANAGEMENT OF LIVER ABCESS
Authors: Memariya Haresh G. , Patel Rajnish R. , Desai Hitendra K. , Patel Rajesh K. , Patel Deep N. , M Anand , Srinivas T , Gohel Darshan , Dangi Shivangi
Published: February 2021

Modern management of liver abcess include a combination of percutaneous Needle aspiration or percutaneous Catherter drainage along with intravenous antibiotic .Liver abcess is common disease in india, if not treated properly can lead to hazardous complication.
MATERIAL AND METHOD; This was comparative study of 30 patient from august 2018 to August2020 in civil hospital ahmedabad. Randomization was done and dived into two groups of 25 each and assigned two group as percutaneous Catherter drainage and needle aspiration. Both groups were given intravenous antibiotics for 7 days .Both modalities were performed under guidance of ultrasound imaging. Needle aspiration was repeated for three times and if size of abcess cavity not reduced to half consider as failure of treatment. Effectiveness of treatment measured in term of days to achieve clinical improvement, total/near total resolution of abcess cavity and duration of hospital stay.
RESULT; Needle aspiration was successful in 13 out of 15,whereas percutaneous drainage was successful in 14 out of 15.Duration of hospital stay were significantly lower in percutaneous drainage.one patient with needle aspiration developed subcapsular hematoma.
CONCLUSION; We can conclude that percutaneous drainage is better modality is better modality as compared to needle aspiration in medium to large size liver abcess. The duration of hospital stay is comparatively lower in percutaneous drainage and days of clinical relief were earlier in percutaneous drainage. This study also verify that both were adequately effective in the treatment of liver abcess.
*AIM OF THE STUDY
To compare the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage and percutaneous needle aspiration in management of liver abcess.
MODEL HUBUNGAN ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP, ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE DAN ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND-SET TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE MELALUI INNOVATION SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Perkasa Didin Hikmah , Abadi Ferryal
Published: February 2021

Purpose-The main objective of this research is to study and analyze entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial mindset on organizational performance with innovation as mediation using quantitative descriptive.

Design/methodology/approach-Data were obtained from 280 respondents who are furniture entrepreneurs in DKI Jakarta. Data analysis in this study uses an alternative method of structural equation modeling (SEM)partial least square (PLS).

Findings-The results show that entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial mindset have a significant effect on organizational performance, but not for entrepreneurial culture. Innovation is proven to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial mindset to organizational performance.

Implications-Efforts to improve organizational performance can be implemented by encouraging entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial mindset through a series of ongoing training.

Keywords: entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial mindset, innovation and organizational performance
A Modified General Diode Equation
Authors: Chakravorty Pragnan
Published: February 2021

The general diode equation or the non-ideal
diode equation is the foundation of circuit models of active devices for the
past several decades. Apart from the effect of p-n junction, this equation also
accounts for the series bulk resistance of a diode. Despite a reasonable
agreement of the equation with measured IV characteristics, it is shown here that
the equation is incompatible with basic theories of circuits and systems.
Therefore, a modification in the equation is proposed to remove this incompatibility.
This modified equation leads to a compact model of a p-n junction diode that has
an excellent agreement with the measured IV characteristics.
Spirituality and ecology within the phenomenological realm of secularity
Authors: Gonçalves Brito Luz
Published: February 2021

This article is based on theoretical analysis and empirical material gathered by means of socio-anthropological research. The aim is to present some reflections on the relations between ecology, spirituality and secularity as three intricate aspects of modern thought. First, the methodological contribution of the article is questioning the aprioristic association between New Age and spirituality. Later, there is an analysis of ecological thought and spirituality, addressing the broader context of secularity understood as immanent frame of experience. Finally, the article proposes some possible directions to the study of spirituality and ecology without the methodological pitfalls disentangled alongside the text.
Açorianidade e brasilidade nas Festas do Divino: o caso de Viana (ES)
Authors: Siuda-Ambroziak Renata , Passamani Mariano Fabiene
Published: February 2021

Em 1813, foi fundada a Colônia Agrícola de Viana com a instalação de imigrantes portugueses das Ilhas dos Açores. As famílias açorianas, além de buscarem sucesso econômico e social, também trouxeram suas bagagens culturais. Entre elas se destacava a sua religiosidade e a Festa do Divino Espírito Santo, o objeto do nosso estudo, que ocorre em Viana desde o ano de 1817. Trata-se, portanto, de uma Festa bicentenária, carregada de simbolismos materiais e imateriais, que conserva em sua estrutura o script ritual semelhante ao que ainda ocorre nos Açores, entretanto, absorvendo e mantendo também características próprias da cultura local capixaba ebrasileira. Neste estudo, revisitamos o contexto histórico do surgimento e realização da Festa nos Açores, comentamos brevemente sobre a sua difusão no Brasil e analisamos a Festa em Viana, a partir de narrativas dos participantes.
Open access to Construction IT research articles – developments over the past 25 years
Authors: Björk Bo-Christer
Published: February 2021

The Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), was founded in 1996, using the new innovative open access business model enabled by the World wide web. A quarter century later Open Access (OA) journals have established themselves in all fields of science, in particular in biomedicine, so that around a fifth of all high quality peer reviewed articles are currently published in OA journals. In building and construction there are half a dozen active full OA journals, although ITcon remains the only one dedicated specifically to construction IT research.
The development of OA has been slower than anticipated in the early years. An analysis using Michael Porter’s five forces model of the competitive environment of scholarly publishing helps to highlight the reasons for this. Particularly important as a barrier to change is the strong emphasis in academic evaluations on impact factors, which favors old established journals. Despite such hurdles OA continuously grows in importance and pioneering journals like ITcon have helped to pave the way.
CARBONACEOUS NANOMATERIALS FOR WATER POLLUTION REMEDIATION: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Dr. Shweta Vyas
Published: February 2021

Any Material, having structure in nanometer scale with at least one dimension is recognized as Nanomaterial (NM). These Nanomaterial (NMs) have vast variations in their elemental composition; which may be formed by single element viz. Gold, Silver, Iron, Carbon etc. or by the combination with Oxygen or Sulphur as Oxides & Sulphides viz. Iron oxide (Fe2O3), Copper Oxide (CuO) or Cadmium Sulphide(CdS),etc. Among the single elemental forms, the Carbonaceous Nanomaterials(CNMs) are identified as nanosized allotropic forms of Carbon having different structures like Nano rods, Nano tubes, Nano ring, Nano sphere, and Nano sheets mostly with sp2 carbon atoms. In past decades, Carbonaceous Nanomaterials(CNMs) have gain interest of researchers due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and unique surface to volume properties, etc. their easy tunable features are found advantageous for their utilization in wide range of applications. Further, owing to their specific mechanical strength, conductivity, surface activity and many more beneficial features, they have vast range of applicability in electronic, biomedical, energy storage & conversion, catalysis and remediation of environmental pollution. Present paper briefly describes about the types of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials (CNMs) with emphasizing their use in the remediation of Water Pollution. With the growing development of Nanotechnologies, use of CNMs may play a significant role in remediation of Water Pollution.
KEYWORDS: Carbonaceous Nanomaterials(CNMs), Water Pollution, Remediation of Pollution.
Dapsone and Doxycycline trial a therapeutic modality in mild and moderate
cases of COVID-19 associated with dermatological manifestations
Authors: محمود محمود محمد
Published: February 2021

study of using deoxycycline and dapson on stopping cytokines storm and preventing thrombosis in covid19 patients
The picture of anxiety and aggressiveness of adolescents studying in educational institutions of different types
Authors:   Dubna State University, Tarasova S.Yu. , Asriyan A.A. ,   Dubna State University
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the number of (auto) destructive, aggressive manifestations among schoolchildren, children, and adolescents has increased. This phenomenon is observed with various training systems. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify the regular relationships between aggressiveness and self-esteem anxiety in adolescents in educational institutions of various types. At the same time, we are interested in manifestations of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. The following preliminary conclusions can be made. Adolescents at risk of hostility in rural and so-called “deviant” schools have problems of self-esteem and are isolated in a social group (class) (the results are statistically significant). In the gymnasium, adolescents at risk of hostility noted difficulties in interpersonal relationships (the results are statistically significant). However, disadaptive perfectionism becomes an important factor in the gymnasium.
Sociocultural determinants of the corporate culture of social service institutions in the Moscow region
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Dolgorukova I.V. , Motakova T.V. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: February 2021

The corporate culture of any organization is based on a special relationship between employees, between employees and customers, the attitude to their work and the organization as a whole, the relationship of the organization with those with whom it interacts. Corporate culture is an important component of social service institutions. The article considers the socio-cultural determinants of the corporate culture of social service institutions in the Moscow region. The directions of its development are revealed.