bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal care at the Public Hospitals of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Sreemanara V. , Edris Hussen
Published: August 2024

Background: Hepatitis B virus is a serious global health threat, particularly in endemic regions like Ethiopia, where mother-to-child transmission is common. However, there is limited information on pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HBV. This research aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals in Afar, Ethiopia, concerning HBV infection.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five public hospitals in the Afar region, Eastern Ethiopia, from August 2023 to April 2024. The study targeted pregnant women attending antenatal care. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Associations were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 442 participants, 10.4% (95% CI = 7.7-13.6), 19.2% (95% CI = 15.7-23.2), and 17% (95% CI = 13.6-20.8) demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding HBV, respectively. Higher education (AOR=10.83, 95% CI: 3.97-29.6) was significantly linked to better knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Urban residence (AOR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.02-4.08) was associated with good knowledge and attitudes, while high income (AOR=5.16, 95% CI: 1.49-17.9) was strongly related to good knowledge. Conversely, small family size (AOR=0.428, 95% CI: 0.195-0.942) was associated with poorer practices.
Conclusion: Pregnant women in Afar exhibit low knowledge, poor practices, and negative attitudes towards HBV. Implementing comprehensive HBV screening and health education campaigns is essential to enhance this population's awareness and understanding of HBV infection.
Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024)
Authors: Alhamood Mohammed , Suleiman Hussam Al-Din , Saadeh Imad , Abbass Amin
Published: August 2024

Background Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. The pathophysiology involves autoantibodies targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction or muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). Recent advancements in immunotherapies have shown promise in managing MG symptoms, offering new treatment avenues and hope for patients who are refractory to conventional treatments.
Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of recent immunotherapies in the treatment of MG from 2019 to 2024. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of these therapies, aiming to inform clinical practice and future research directions.
Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in several major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, using keywords related to Myasthenia Gravis and immunotherapy, spanning the publication years from 2019 to 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on human subjects and clearly defined outcome measures. Data were extracted and analyzed using rigorous statistical methods, including meta-analyses where applicable, to provide pooled estimates of treatment effects.
Results The review includes 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies cover a range of immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, complement inhibitors, and T-cell modulators. The findings suggest significant improvements in muscle strength and reduction in symptom severity with the use of specific immunotherapies. Detailed statistical analyses and subgroup assessments are presented to delineate the efficacy across different patient populations.
Conclusion Recent immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in managing MG, with notable improvements in clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. However, the high cost and potential adverse effects necessitate further research to optimize treatment protocols and enhance accessibility.
Secure wireless communication of brain-computer interface and mind control of smart devices enabled by space-time-coding metasurface
Authors: Cui Tie Jun , Xiao Qiang , Fan Lin Han , Ma Qian , Ning Yu Ming , Gu Ze , Chen Long , Li Lianlin , You Jian Wei , Niu Ya Feng
Published: August 2024

Brain-computer interface (BCI) provides an interconnected pathway between human brain and external devices and paves a potential route for mind manipulations. However, most of existing BCI technologies are based on simple signal transmission and independent of other interface devices, owing to the considerations of reliability and safety of human brain’s information interaction in the complicated wireless environment. To address the formidable limitation, we present a brain space-time-coding metasurface (BSTCM) system to deeply fuse the visual stimulation and electromagnetic manipulation for reliable and secure information transfer between human brain and external devices. Here, we innovatively integrate the BCI flashing frame and electromagnetic encoding sequence in the BSTCM system, and the STC metasurface ensures the secure wireless communications by using the harmonic-encrypted beams. We design and fabricate a proof-of-principle demonstration system and experimentally show that the proposed wireless BCI scheme could establish a remote but safeguarded paradigm for human-machine interactions, intelligent metasurfaces, and potential applications in metaverse, as a prominently scrutinized domain in the future 6G wireless communications.
Insights into the role of dopamine in rhizosphere microbiome assembly
Authors: Ding Yezhang , Vogel Hunter , Zhai Yi , Carlson Hans , Andeer Peter , Novak Vlastimil , Kim Nakian , Bowen Benjamin , Golini Amber , Kosina Suzanne , Coleman-Derr Devin , Vogel John , Northen Trent
Published: August 2024

Dopamine plays a critical role in animal physiology and interactions with gut microbes. In plants, dopamine is known to function in plant defense and abiotic stress tolerance; however, its role in mediating plant-microbiome interactions remains unexplored. In this study, we observed that dopamine is one of the most abundant exometabolites with natural variation in root exudates across diverse Brachypodium distachyon lines, suggesting a potential role in rhizosphere microbial assembly. To further investigate this, we colonized ten natural B. distachyon lines with a 16-member bacterial synthetic community (SynCom), collected paired metabolomic and 16S rRNA sequencing data, and performed an association analysis. Our results revealed that dopamine levels in root exudates were significantly associated with the abundance of six SynCom members in a hydroponic system. In vitro growth studies demonstrated that dopamine had a significant effect on the growth of the same six bacterial isolates. Additionally, treating soil directly with dopamine enriched Actinobacteria, consistent with both the SynCom-dopamine correlations and the isolate growth results. Collectively, our study underscores the selective influence of dopamine on rhizosphere microbial communities, with implications for precision microbiome management.
Fundamentals of hydrogen production and use in a decarbonising power system
Authors: Koning Vinzenz , Kramer Gert Jan , de Graaf Wouter van
Published: August 2024

Stand-alone hydrogen production from cheap renewable power, notably solar, has received considerable attention as a way to produce fuel and feedstock for a future climate-neutral energy system. Here we assess the integration of green hydrogen production and the deployment of electrolysers with a power system that is progressively decarbonized by the deployment of intermittent renewables, viz. wind and solar. We find that full power system decarbonisation is cost-optimal for a renewable power mix that includes a strong wind component. For this power mix, electrolyser deployment kicks in only at around 70% grid decarbonisation. Beyond this point, electrolyser build-out scales linearly with further renewables deployment. The electrolyser-to-renewables deployment ratio depends strongly on the solar and wind mix but is fairly insensitive to relative costs of electrolysers to renewables. Finally, we find a substantial cost advantage for the coproduction of green power and green hydrogen compared to stand-alone green hydrogen production.
Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Stress Granules Proteome: Implications for Structure-Function Dynamics and Pathological Aggregation
Authors: Ahmed Sunbul S , Kumar Vijay
Published: August 2024

Prolonged cellular stress causes the formation of small physiological stress granules (SGs) that gradually accumulate due to chronic stress or mutations in RNA-binding proteins and form aggregations in diseased brains with progressive, age-related impairment of proteasomal and autophagic systems. These aggregations are a consequence of multivalent interactions mediated by the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) among the SG proteins. Although several studies have focused on identifying the SGs implicated in various pathologies, their structure-function relationship remains largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized the 460 SG protein components from the mammalian stress granule proteome (MSGP) database and analysed them for the presence of IDRs and molecular recognition feature (MoRF) sites. Our study identified abundant intrinsic disorder in the SG proteome, especially among its RNA-binding proteins. Contrastingly, the intrinsic disorder is not very abundant among the autophagy-linked SG proteome with the presence of mostly structured/ordered proteins. These results have provided newer insights into their molecular interactions, functions, and transition from physiological to pathological entities. The findings will provide an important direction for further research and experimental characterization of these disordered proteins to decipher their pathological role in various human diseases.
Experimental Investigation on the Low-velocity Impact of Beetle Elytron-inspired Plates
Authors: Song Yiheng , Yang Haixia , Liu Yanlan , Chen Jinxiang
Published: August 2024

The elytra of beetles feature a naturally evolved sandwich structure that offers a lightweight and protective function, especially effective against falling object impacts in complex environments. Consequently, structures mimicking the design of beetle elytra hold potential applications in fields requiring resistance to low-speed impacts, such as civil automotive and aviation industries. This study investigates the impact resistance of two beetle-inspired sandwich plates, end- trabecular beetle elytron plates (EBEP) and grid beetle elytron plates (GBEP), comparing their performance with widely used honeycomb plates (HP) and grid plates (GP). Utilizing 3D printing technology and environmentally friendly polylactic acid (PLA) as the material, samples of these four types of sandwich plates were integrally fabricated and tested under a 10 J impact energy to assess their impact response, damage mode, and characteristics. The results showed that, compared to HP and GP, the average peak force of EBEP and GBEP increased by 29.38% and 17.06%, respectively. Additionally, GBEP's impact resistance indicators, including specific energy absorption (SEA), were 2.9% to 5.4% higher than those of GP, with maximum peak force (MPF), mean compressive force (Fm), and crush force efficiency (CFE) increasing by 5.0%, 24.5%, and 17.8%, respectively. For EBEP, apart from a slight decrease in CFE (2.6%), SEA was 7.8% to 9.2% higher than HP's, while MPF and Fm increased by 18.2% and 15.2%, respectively. Furthermore, damage analysis revealed that the central residual indentation depth of HP was 640% greater than that of EBEP, and GP's was 63.1% greater than that of EBEP. These experimental results validate that beetle plates have significant advantages in load-bearing capacity and impact resistance.
Hybrid Intelligent Model to provide valuable insights and information for Decision-making in the Early Stages of Projects Portfolio.
(Case Study: Automotive Industry)
Authors: Faridnia Rashid
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a novel approach for intelligent decision-making in automotive platform-based projects by integrating advanced techniques such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for time series forecasting, Genetic Algorithms for portfolio optimization, and Multi-Objective Optimization for balancing conflicting objectives. The use of LSTM enables accurate prediction of future trends in automotive platform performance metrics, while Genetic Algorithms efficiently search for the optimal portfolio composition that maximizes returns and minimizes costs. By incorporating Multi-Objective Optimization, decision-makers can explore trade-offs between multiple objectives such as maximizing returns, minimizing costs, and ensuring diversification. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive solution for optimizing automotive platform portfolios and facilitating strategic decision-making in the automotive industry projects.
Density-matrix mean-field theory
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Cheng Zhengqian
Published: August 2024

Mean-field theories have proven to be efficient tools for exploring diverse phases of matter, complementing alternative methods that are more precise but also more computationally demanding. Conventional mean-field theories often fall short in capturing quantum fluctuations, which restricts their applicability to systems with significant quantum effects. In this article, we propose an improved mean-field theory, density-matrix mean-field theory (DMMFT). DMMFT constructs effective Hamiltonians, incorporating quantum environments shaped by entanglements, quantified by the reduced density matrices. Therefore, it offers a systematic and unbiased approach to account for the effects of fluctuations and entanglements in quantum ordered phases. As demonstrative examples, we show that DMMFT can not only quantitatively evaluate the renormalization of order parameters induced by quantum fluctuations, but can also detect the topological quantum phases. Additionally, we discuss the extensions of DMMFT for systems at finite temperatures and those with disorders. Our work provides an efficient approach to explore phases exhibiting unconventional quantum orders, which can be particularly beneficial for investigating frustrated spin systems in high spatial dimensions.
x-y duality in topological recursion for exponential variables via quantum dilogarithm
Authors: Hock Alexander
Published: August 2024

For a given spectral curve, the theory of topological recursion generates two different families \omega_{g,n}ωg,n and \omega_{g,n}^\veeωg,n∨ of multi-differentials, which are for algebraic spectral curves related via the universal x-yx−y duality formula. We propose a formalism to extend the validity of the x-yx−y duality formula of topological recursion from algebraic curves to spectral curves with exponential variables of the form e^x=F(e^y)ex=F(ey) or e^x=F(y)e^{a y}ex=F(y)eay with FF rational and aa some complex number, which was in principle already observed in [Commun. Number Theory Phys. 13, 763 (2019); J. Lond. Math. Soc. 109, e12946 (2024)]. From topological recursion perspective the family \omega_{g,n}^\veeωg,n∨ would be trivial for these curves. However, we propose changing the n=1n=1 sector of \omega_{g,n}^\veeωg,n∨ via a version of the Faddeev’s quantum dilogarithm which will lead to the correct two families \omega_{g,n}ωg,n and \omega_{g,n}^\veeωg,n∨ related by the same x-yx−y duality formula as for algebraic curves. As a consequence, the x-yx−y symplectic transformation formula extends further to important examples governed by topological recursion including, for instance, Gromov-Witten invariants of \mathbb{C}^3ℂ3 (or, equivalently, triple Hodge integrals), orbifold Hurwitz numbers, and stationary Gromov-Witten invariants of \mathbb{P}^1ℙ1. The proposed formalism is related to the issue topological recursion encounters for specific choices of framings for the topological vertex curve.
EXPLORING THE REVERSE SURAL ARTERY FLAP IN SOFT TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Shree Pratap Rashmitha
Published: August 2024

Background: Addressing soft tissue defects in the distal lower extremity and foot remains a complex reconstructive procedure, presenting considerable challenges. These challenges underscore the necessity for locally available tissue reconstructive alternatives that offer superior solutions. The Regional Soft Tissue Augmentation Flap (RSSAF) emerges as an optimal choice, demonstrating considerable versatility at the lower leg level and serving as a viable alternative. This study aims to discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential complications associated with RSAF and to study the outcome of RSSAF in management of complex distal one third leg defects in MVJMC&RH. Method: The study was Retrospective Observational Study and was conducted in MVJMC&RH amongst 20 patients who underwent reconstruction of distal lower extremity and foot defects with an RSSAF between June 2022 to September2023. Data concerning patient demographics, location and cause of defect, mean operation time, mean size of the defect, postoperative protocol, healing flap rate, and complications were recorded. Results The result of the Sural artery fasciocutaneous flap for the 20 cases had complete recoveries, 2 cases had partial necrosis and 2 case had wound dehiscence. A total of 4 patients suffered complications. Complication rate -20%. Overall flap survival rate was 100%. Conclusion: The Reverse Superficial Sural Artery flap can be used as a reliable alternative to free tissue transfer in reconstruction of defects over the lower third of leg, ankle and foot to recreate a functional lower limb with comparable aesthetic results. Recommendations: Optimizing Patient Selection: Conduct studies to refine criteria for patient selection, ensuring that RSAF is applied in cases where it is most beneficial. Enhancing Rehabilitation Protocols:Develop and refine rehabilitation protocols to improve postoperative outcomes and minimize the risk of complication.
CARIPRAZINE AUGMENTATION TO SSRIS IN TREATING A CASE OF TREATMENT-RESISTANT OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER IN AN ADOLESCENT FEMALE
Authors: Rai Bansal Lajpat , Schafer Daniel , Sood Kanuja , Abraham Jeby , Kaushik Arushi , Parikh MD Parinda
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects 1-3% of the population and often requires a combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). However, 40-60% of patients remain treatment-resistant. Atypical antipsychotics, including cariprazine, have shown promise as adjunctive treatments. Case Presentation: An adolescent female with severe OCD, whose symptoms worsened post-COVID, initially received 50 mg of fluoxetine and CBT, with only mild improvement. At the presentation, she exhibited severe compulsions and dehydration due to her refusal to drink. Her Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score was 31. Treatment was adjusted to 1.5 mg of cariprazine daily and switched to sertraline to 200 mg. By the nine-month follow-up, her Y-BOCS score decreased to 6, and she showed full functional recovery with no side effects from the treatment combination. Discussion: Adding cariprazine to sertraline significantly improved symptoms of treatment-resistant OCD. This case supports the potential efficacy of cariprazine as an adjunctive therapy. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the broader applicability of this approach. Conclusion: The combination of cariprazine and sertraline led to substantial symptom improvement and functional recovery in this adolescent OCD patient. Continued investigation into such treatments is essential for enhancing outcomes in treatment-resistant OCD.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE ELECTRODE CU/ZN, CU AND FE AS CATHODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF AMMONIA
Authors:   Universite Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Departement Genie Civil, Conakry, Guinee., Dian Kante Mamadou , Camara Yacouba ,   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Energetique, Mamou, Guinee., Camara Moussa ,   Direction Generale de la Recherche et de lInnovation, Conakry, Guinee., Kante Cellou ,   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Energetique, Mamou, Guinee.
Published: August 2024

The comparative study between electrodes as cathode for electrochemical reduction of ammonia from artificial and real wastewater was carried out with Ti/Iro2 as anode and Cu, Fe and Cu/Zn as cathode. We studies effect of different electrodes as cathode, the presence and absence of NaCl and the effect of temperature such as 200C, 300C and 400C on ammonia reduction from wastewater. It was shown after 30min treatment under optimal condition which were Cu/Zn with current density 18.32mA/cm2, space between electrode of 1.1 cm, the temperature of 400C and amount of 0.5g/l of NaCl the COD concentration in municipal wastewater was 185mg/l a removal of 38% and the total of NH3-N con centration have been removed. The kinetic study showed that current density (current passed used during experience per unit volume) is an appropriate design.
Numerical simulation of morphological evolution in a gravel-bed meandering river during floods: a case study on the Sai-Jiang river
Authors: Dengsong Li , Tingting Liao , Weifang Ruan , Lijuan Wang , Qing Yang , Jiajie Mao , Miao Huo , Jiuzhou Huang
Published: August 2024

The water velocity undergoes a significant increase during the initial stage of floods. The present study focuses on investigating the scours and silting occurring in an S-shaped gravel-bed river. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of 10-year flood events on both the riverbed and bank stability. This river is located in the Sai-jiang River reach, Fujian Province, China. A numerical model of riverbed scours and silting is herein tested. The research results indicate that the morphological evolution of the whole river section is affected in the early stage of flood evolution; however, in the later stage, some key places such as the bridge and the river land are still greatly affected. The apex of the river bend is in close proximity to the downstream river island, resulting in scour at the head of the river island that deviates from conventional patterns of head scour and tail siting. Furthermore, the presence of artificial structures like bridges exacerbates the scour and silting processes in river beds during flood events. For this case, the riverbed adjacent to the Banzhong Bridge pier experienced a widening of approximately 50 m and downstream extension of around 300 m, with a maximum vertical scouring depth of 2.87 m.
ENTRE DEVANEIOS E INFÂNCIAS
Authors: Da Cunha Jr. Williams Nunes
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender as contribuições do devaneio para a Educação Infantil. A partir de um estudo de cunho bibliográfico, buscamos, inicialmente, entender a vida, obra e pensamento do filósofo Gaston Bachelard. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, nos propomos pensar a infância, a partir de um prisma filosófico, e a Educação Infantil, numa síntese histórica, com atenção para o que dizem os documentos norteadores das práticas pedagógicas dessa etapa da Educação Básica. Por apresentar, entre os princípios norteadores de suas práticas pedagógicas, os princípios estéticos, os quais englobam a sensibilidade, a criatividade, defendemos aí a confluência entre o devaneio e a Educação Infantil. A ideia de devaneio pode contribuir de diversas formas com as práticas pedagógicas na Educação Infantil, de modo especial, com o direito de sonhar das crianças, de forma que elas vivam experiências significativas em suas infâncias, de modo integral, valorizando e se expressando também através da emoção, da criatividade, da imaginação.
Exosome- Machine Learning Integration in Biomedicine: Advancing Diagnosis and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Ram Kumar Ram Mohan
Published: August 2024

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by various cell types,
play crucial roles in intercellular communication and are increasingly recognized as valuable
biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Meanwhile, machine learning
(ML) techniques have revolutionized biomedical research by enabling the analysis
of complex datasets and highly accurate prediction of disease outcomes. Exosomes, with
their diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, offer a rich source of molecular
information reflecting the physiological state of cells. Integrating exosome analysis with
ML algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, allows for
identifying disease-specific biomarkers and predicting disease outcomes based on exosome
profiles. Integrating exosome biology with ML presents a promising avenue for advancing
biomedical research and clinical practice. This review explores the intersection
of exosome biology and ML in biomedicine, highlighting the importance of integrating
these disciplines to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms and biomarker discovery.
WITHDRAWN: Comparative Experimental Study of using Tramadol and Nefopam in Pain Management
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-saber , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Fakhrany Omnia Momtaz , Elekhnawy Engy
Published: August 2024

The manuscript has been withdrawn upon author request.

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Prostaglandins in the Inflamed Central Nervous System: Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Sheremeta Chynna-Loren , Yarlagadda Sai , Smythe Mark L. , Noakes Peter G.
Published: August 2024

:

The global burden of neurological disorders is evident, yet there remains limited efficacious
therapeutics for their treatment. There is a growing recognition of the role of inflammation
in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS); among the numerous inflammatory mediators involved,
prostaglandins play a crucial role. Prostaglandins are small lipid mediators derived from
arachidonic acid via multi-enzymatic pathways. The actions of prostaglandins are varied, with
each prostaglandin having a specific role in maintaining homeostasis. In the CNS, prostaglandins
can have neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties depending on their specific G-protein receptor.
These G-protein receptors have varying subfamilies, tissue distribution, and signal transduction
cascades. Further studies into the impact of prostaglandins in CNS-based diseases may contribute
to the clarification of their actions, hopefully leading to the development of efficacious therapeutic
strategies. This review focuses on the roles played by prostaglandins in neural degeneration, with
a focus on Alzheimer’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in both
preclinical and clinical settings. We further discuss current prostaglandin-related agonists and antagonists
concerning suggestions for their use as future therapeutics.
PLCG2, A Regulator of Lung Adenocarcinoma Proliferation and Migration Associated with Immune Infiltration
Authors: Chen Shuhui , Zhou Chenkang , Dai Jieying , Xu Qingqing , Chen Yuxin , hu Zhaoting , Wang Yumin , Wang Caihong
Published: August 2024

Background:

Results from the TCGA database showed that phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCG2) expression level in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was notably decreased compared to adjacent tissues, so we unveiled its role of LUAD.

Objective:

This study aims to explore the expression and clinical significance of Phosphatidyl-inositol-specific phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCG2) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and its role in cell proliferation and metastasis.

Methods:

Differential PLCG2 mRNA and protein levels between LUAD tissues and adjacent tissues were analyzed from the TCGA database, TIMER, and UALCAN database. Differentially expressed genes were screened for patients in the high and low PLCG2 mRNA expression groups by the R package as well as GSEA. The expression level of PLCG2 in LUAD cells was detected using qRT-PCR and CCK8, clone formation, Transwell, and Western blot assays.

Results:

PLCG2 was lowly expressed in LUAD and did not significantly correlate with the prognosis of LUAD. PLCG2 expression levels varied significantly in terms of patients' gender, age, T, N, and pathological stage. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that co-expression of PLCG2 was mainly associated with the immune response- regulating cell-surface receptors, and so on. GSEA analysis showed enrichment pathways of PLCG2-related differential gees were primarily associated with the olfactory transduction pathway, ribosome, etc. R software analysis revealed a significant correlation between PLCG2 expression and six types of immune-infiltrat-ing cells, positively correlated with immune checkpoint-related genes and negatively regulated by tumor mutational load. Overexpressing PLCG2 showed reduced LUAD cell proliferation, clone formation, cell migration and invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated proteins, compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

PLCG2 is lowly expressed in LUAD tissues and is involved in immune infiltration of LUAD, inhibiting LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis.
Protective Effects of Chitosan-Loaded Pomegranate Peel Extract Nanoparticles on Infertility in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Said Farah , Omar Amel Ramadan , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Dakrory Ahmed Imam , Abdelaziz Mennatallah H.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to have an impact on the health of the
male reproductive system. It is linked to low sperm quality, increased oxidative stress, and an
increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the seminal fluid. Pomegranate extract has
phenolic compounds and significant protective properties against oxidative stress, male sex
hormone disruptions, and sperm abnormalities.

Objective:

The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Pomegranate Peel Extract
Nanoparticles (PPENPs) on male fertility in diabetic rats.

Methods:

DM was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg).
Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups, 6 rats in each group: control, DM, DM+empty
NPs (60 mg/kg, orally), and DM+PPENPs (60 mg/kg, orally).

Results:

Administration of PPENPs increased the levels of insulin, FSH, LH, testosterone,
catalase, glutathione reduced, and semen fructose. PPENPs also improved sperm quality, as seen
by improvements in sperm morphology, motility, count, and the ability of metabolically active
spermatozoa to convert blue resazurin dye to pink resorufin. However, PPENPs decreased levels
of glucose, malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, and sperm abnormalities. Also, histological investigation
of the PPENPs showed improvement in testis tissue architecture and increased the diameter size of
seminiferous tubules and germinative layer thickness.

Conclusion:

Our investigation proved that the treatment of PPENPs has a protective effect on the
reproductive system of male diabetic rats, improving fertility parameters, healthy sperm profiles,
and the antioxidant system.
Advancements in Cardiac Catheterization Safety: Novel Radiation Protection Approaches Redefining Occupational Health
Authors: Shaghaghi Zahra , Javid Roozbeh Narimani , Alvandi Maryam
Published: August 2024

Radiation exposure poses a substantial occupational risk for healthcare professionals
in the catheterization laboratory (cath lab). The escalating complexity and frequency of interventional
procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions, underscore
the need for innovative strategies to mitigate radiation exposure. While traditional
measures like lead aprons, thyroid collars, and goggles have been pivotal in reducing radiation
exposure, they have limitations, especially during prolonged and intricate procedures. Consequently,
there is a growing demand for advanced radiation protection methods that prioritize
safety without compromising procedural efficacy. Recent strides in radiation protection technology
have given rise to novel shielding devices and zero-radiation approaches tailored for cath lab
use. The novel shields leverage innovative materials and designs to achieve superior attenuation
of both scattered and direct radiation. Their ergonomic and adjustable features also ensure optimal
shielding coverage without impeding the operator's skill or workflow. Multiple studies have
validated the effectiveness of these advanced radiation protection methods in diminishing occupational
radiation exposure in the cath lab. Initial findings suggest a significant reduction in doses
for operators and staff, potentially lowering the risk of radiation-induced health complications
over the long term. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current landscape of radiation
protection shields in the cath lab, emphasizing the efficacy and potential of these cuttingedge
shielding technologies.
Investigation of the Permeability of Antiretroviral Drugs Lamivudine and Valganciclovir via Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) Method
Authors: Sanlı Senem , Kaynak Mustafa Sinan , Sanlı Nurullah , Balta Emine Erturk
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Antiretroviral medications are widely used to treat HIV infections.
Lamivudine (3TC) is prescribed for HIV-1 infection management in adults and pediatrics,
while valganciclovir (VGC) is a prodrug of ganciclovir derived from valine.

Methods:

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) estimates the contributions of
intestinal permeability, dissolution, and solubility in oral drug absorption. Intestinal permeability
refers to a substance's capacity to pass through the protective layer of cells in the intestine.
The intestinal permeability of 3TC and VGC was analyzed and categorized using the singlepass
intestinal perfusion technique according to the BCS in male Sprague Dawley rats, and a
reversed-phase HPLC method was validated for precise and accurate measurement.

Results:

According to the BCS, 3TC and VGC have been classified as having low permeability
when compared to metoprolol tartrate, which is classified as Class I with good permeability
and resolution.

Conclusion:

The permeability values derived from this work can be valuable in exposure assessment
models.
Study Rapid, Quantitative, and Simultaneous Detection of Drug Residues and Immunoassay in Chickens
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: August 2024

Different levels of residual drugs can be monitored within a relatively safe range without
causing harm to human health if the appropriate dosing methodology is considered and the
drug withdrawal period is controlled during poultry and livestock raising. Antimicrobials are factors
that can suppress the growth of microorganisms, and antibiotic residues in livestock farming
have been considered as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in animals and humans. Antimicrobial
drug resistance is associated with the capability of a microorganism to survive the inhibitory
effects of the antimicrobial components. Antibiotic residue presence in chicken is a human
health concern due to its negative effects on consumer health. Neglected aspects related to
the application of veterinary drugs may threaten the safety of both humans and animals, as well as
their environment. The detection of chemical contaminants is essential to ensure food quality. The
most important antibiotic families used in veterinary medicines are β-lactams (penicillins and
cephalosporins), tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, macrolides, spectinomycin, lincosamide, sulphonamides,
nitrofuranes, nitroimidazoles, trimethoprim, polymyxins, quinolones, and macrocyclics
(glycopeptides, ansamycins, and aminoglycosides). Antibiotic residue presence is the main contributor
to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is considered a chief concern for both human
and animal health worldwide. The incorrect application and misuse of antibiotics carry the
risk of the presence of residues in the edible tissues of the chicken, which can cause allergies and
toxicity in hypersensitive consumers. The enforcement of the regulation of food safety depends on
efficacious monitoring of antimicrobial residues in the foodstuff. In this review, we have explored
the rapid detection of drug residues in broilers.
A Comparative Analysis on the Effects of Two Different Grafts on Gingival Phenotype, Dentin Hypersensitivity, and Quality of Life: A 6-month Split-mouth Study
Authors: Fartes Otávio Alberto da Costa , Baroudi Kusai , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Nascimento Júlia Aparecida do , Silva Jesca Neftali Nogueira , Cortelli José Roberto
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of two surgical treatments of multiple gingival recessions on gingival phenotype over 6 months. Moreover, dentin hypersensitivity and quality of life scores were also monitored over time.

Materials and Methods

In this longitudinal split-mouth study, 90 upper-class Recession Type 2 (RT2) bilateral gingival recessions (GR) were randomly (right or left side) assigned to coronally advanced flaps with connective tissue graft (CTG group) or xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM group). The primary outcome was GR reduction after surgical procedures. At the preoperative visit, 3- and 6-months gingival thickness through cone-beam computed tomography using lip retractors were determined. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and stimulated dentin hypersensitivity were evaluated by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) instrument and visual analogic scale, respectively.

Results

A thicker gingival phenotype was seen at 6 months, indicating phenotype improvement. Both techniques showed similar results (p > 0.05) over time regarding root covering (CTG = 74.19% and XCM = 77.41%). At 6 months, dentin hypersensitivity only decreased in the XCM group. Independently of the treatment group, statistically significant improvements were observed (Friedman test; p < 0.05) in physical pain and limitation, psychological discomfort, and limitation domains favoring OHRQoL.

Conclusion

Gingival phenotype improved over time independently of the technique. Both surgical treatments provided similar and adequate recovery of multiple gingival recessions. At 6 months, patients experienced a better quality of life profile related to oral health. Moreover, the XCM group experienced lower dentin hypersensitivity.
Challenges Faced by International Students in Cyprus Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Social Identity Loss and Reverse Culture Shock
Authors: Okoli JohnPaul Chika , Nweke Gabriel Elochukwu
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The global COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges for international students, particularly those studying in Cyprus. This study explores the impact on international students, focusing on Social Identity Loss (SIL) and Reverse Culture Shock (RCS) as critical themes. The objective is to illuminate the experiences of students navigating life transitions during the pandemic.

Methods

The qualitative methodology employed in-depth semi-structured interviews, both in person and online, with thematic analysis revealing key study themes. The findings highlight the significant correlation between isolation, detachment, and a sense of belonging with SIL and RCS (H1), with a correlation value of 1.0 and significance at 0.01 level, emphasizing the negative impact. Conversely, active participation in virtual communities and online cultural integration programs (H3) has positive effects in reducing SIL and RCS as correlation values were 0.72. Pearson correlation coefficients provide insights into relationships between variables and SIL/RCS, emphasizing the importance of fostering a sense of belonging. Regression analysis identifies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an unexpected factor exacerbating challenges as it demonstrates a positive coefficient of 0.3690, and H1 emerges as a critical predictor.

Results

These findings underscore the need for tailored support mechanisms and interventions to address the unique needs of international students in Cyprus during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by international students and provides a foundation for developing effective strategies to support their well-being and academic success in an evolving global landscape.
Combined Phloretin and Human Platelet-rich Plasma Effectively Preserved Integrities of Brain Structure and Neurological Function in Rat after Traumatic Brain Damage
Authors: Lin Kun-Chen , Chen Kuan-Hung , Shao Pei-Lin , Chai Han-Tan , Sung Pei-Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Ko Sheung-Fat , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: August 2024

Background:

This study investigates whether phloretin, a brain-edema inhibitor, can enhance the therapeutic effects of human-derived platelet-rich plasma
(hPRP) in reducing brain hemorrhagic volume (BHV) and preserving neurological function in rodents following acute traumatic brain damage
(TBD).

Methods:

Forty rats were divided into five groups: sham-control, TBD, TBD + phloretin (80 mg/kg/dose intraperitoneally at 30 minutes and on days 2/3
post-TBD), TBD + hPRP (80μL by left intra-carotid-artery injection at 3 hours post-TBD), and TBD + phloretin + hPRP. Cerebral tissues were
harvested on day 28 post-TBD for analysis.

Results:

Brain MRI on day 28 showed the lowest BHV in the sham-control group and the highest in the TBD group. BHV was significantly lower in the
phloretin + hPRP group compared to the phloretin or hPRP alone groups, which had similar BHV. Neurological function followed an inverse
pattern to BHV. By day 28, protein levels of upstream (HGMB1, TLR-2, TLR-4, MyD88, Mal, TRAM, TRIF, TRAF6, IKK-α, IKK-ß, p-NF-κB)
and downstream (IL-1ß, TNF-α, iNOS) inflammation signalings, apoptosis (caspase3, PARP), and fibrosis (Smad3, TGF-ß) biomarkers, as well as
flow cytometric assessment of inflammatory cells (CD11b/c+, Ly6G+, PMO+) and early (AN-V+/PI-) and late (AN-V+/PI+) mononuclear-cell
apoptosis, displayed patterns similar to BHV. The number of inflammatory (CD68+, MMP9+) and brain-swelling/myelin-damaged (AQP4+,
GFAP+) mediators also followed this pattern, while neuronal-myelin (Doublecortin+, NeuN, nestin) mediators showed an inverse relationship with
BHV (all p<0.0001).

Conclusion:

Combined phloretin and hPRP therapy is superior to either treatment alone in protecting the brain against TBD, primarily by suppressing
inflammatory signaling and brain-swelling biomarkers.
The Antioxidant Properties and Cardiovascular, Antidiabetic, and Renal Effects of Trimetazidine Described in Research on Experimental Models
Authors: Mero Ríos Aldahir , Morán Pinzón Juan Antonio , Ordoñez Ciara , Guerrero de León Estela
Published: August 2024

Experimental studies have played an essential role in drug identification and development
in biomedical research. These studies also have applications in conducting postmarketing
evaluations to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for their actions. Preclinical studies on marketed
drugs have led to the discovery of new mechanisms or biological effects, opening the possibility
of expanding their therapeutic applications. Since its discovery, trimetazidine has been used as an
antianginal drug. However, after its commercialization, the molecular actions and impact of this
drug on ischemic and non-ischemic pathologies have become known. This article presents the
mechanisms and antioxidant actions of trimetazidine associated with the effects observed in experimental
models of heart disease, nephropathy, and diabetes mellitus. A non-systematic search of the
PubMed database was performed using terms related to our objectives. We selected articles on studies
focused on cardioprotection, nephroprotection, antioxidants, or diabetic heart disease, which
were carried out in preclinical experimental models. The information compiled in this review shows
that trimetazidine is effective in reducing damage associated with oxidative stress, as evaluated in
different experimental models. The cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of this drug have
been demonstrated in ischemic and non-ischemic models.
Dental Students Stress during Clinical Restorative Procedures: A Saudi-Based Study
Authors: Aljanakh Mohammad D.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The study aims to assess the clinical restorative dental procedures’ impact on the stress levels of Saudi dental students and explore variations in student year levels, genders, and restorative procedures.

Methods

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using census sampling in 2023 at the College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. Out of 120 students, 105 completed the questionnaire. This questionnaire comprised thirteen questions that assessed stress levels using a 7-point Likert scale categorized into three types of dental procedures: diagnosis, operative, and endodontics. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman tests were used to explore gender, students' year levels, and restorative category variations.

Results

The response rate was 87.5% of all students. The students’ stress levels declined for all year levels and categories. No significant gender differences were found, except for fifth-year female students who reported higher stress levels in the endodontic category (p =.032). There were no significant differences in students' stress levels, except for third-year students, who reported higher stress levels in the operative category than fifth-year students (p =.01). The operative and endodontic categories had significantly higher impacts on perceived stress levels among all students compared to the diagnostic category (p =.001, p =.001, respectively).

Conclusion

The stress levels were declining as students advanced in academic year levels with variations in different restorative procedures with no significant overall gender differences. The findings recommend curriculum adjustments and targeted support for dental students.