bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ecological consequences of solitary breeding in a species with bi-parental care
Authors: Leniowski Konrad , Wegrzyn Ewa
Published: December 2023

A higher rate of nestling development reduces their exposure time to predators, which is advantageous but simultaneously it involves an increased parental investment in incubation, brooding and feeding, which may be difficult to obtain by a single parent. An interesting question is whether, and to what degree, a single parent in a typical bi-parental species is able to compensate the lack of its mate’s contribution in species with fast developing nestlings. Our study species is the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, a small passerine that experiences high levels of nest predation and rapid development of nestlings. We test the hypotheses that (i) single parents are not able to fully compensate for the lack of mate in rearing a brood and (ii) parents pay cost for breeding alone by increasing the time that the offspring is exposed to predators in the nest. We also inquire in potential trade-off between brooding and feeding and its consequences for nestling growth in nests reared by single parents. Our results show that single parents were able to compensate for the lack of the mate in terms of feeding rate, but this was at the cost of time spent brooding. Nestlings in uni-parental nests grew more slowly and lagged about two days behind their bi-parental counterparts, which may extend nestling exposure time to a predator by about 20%.
Using re-sighting data to estimate population size of Pink-footed Geese (Anser brachyrhynchus)
Authors: Clausen Kevin K. , Balsby Thorsten J. S. , Goma Vianney , Madsen Jesper
Published: December 2023

In wildlife management, the ability to reliably assess population sizes is a basic prerequisite. When populations are managed specifically to maintain a population target this is even more vital. In this study we apply a mark-resight approach using neck-collared geese to develop and present an alternative method to total counts when estimating the population size of Pink-footed Geese (Anser brachyrhynchus). Estimates of population size from the mark-resight approach showed an increasing trend from 31,000 birds in 1991/ 1992 to 100,700 birds in 2011/2012, and fluctuating numbers around 80,000 in recent years. By exploring the relationship between uncertainty of the population estimate and the monitoring effort, we showed that a minimum of approximately 120 independent flocks greater than 100 birds should be surveyed to derive a ratio estimate of marked to unmarked birds minimizing uncertainty of the overall population estimate.
Spatial and temporal patterns of foraging activity by breeding Common Scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Scotland
Authors: Hancock Mark H. , Robson Hannah J. , Smith Trevor D. , Douse Andrew
Published: December 2023

Many populations of sea ducks have declined; poor foraging conditions in freshwater breeding habitats could be a contributory factor. The UK breeding population of Common Scoters (Melanitta nigra) declined by 63% between 1995 and 2007, prompting research which showed that lake use by breeding scoters was correlated with food abundance (large invertebrates) and accessibility (shallow water). Building on this earlier work, here we investigate scoter foraging activity at Scottish breeding lakes, in order to better understand declines and inform conservation measures. We hypothesised that foraging effort would (i) be concentrated in shallow water holding large invertebrates, (ii) differ between sexes, and (iii) vary through the season. We recorded scoter foraging activity during 208 c. one-hour watches, at 13 lakes over three years. Water depth and food abundance (invertebrates) were measured. Foraging was significantly associated with shallow water: areas within 10 m of lake shores, typically less than 0.9 m in depth, had 1.9 and 4.1 times more foraging use than expected by chance, for females and ducklings respectively.
Interaction between the White-tailed Eagle and Common Buzzard estimated by diet analysis and brood defence behaviour
Authors: Kamarauskaite Ausra , Dementavicius Deivis , Skuja Saulis , Dagys Mindaugas , Treinys Rimgaudas
Published: December 2023

Recent evidence suggests that the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) – the largest avian predator to have recently recovered in Europe – may prey on mesopredators and their broods. Mesopredators may respond to predators near their nests by exhibiting offspring defence behaviour. The present study involved White-tailed Eagle diet analysis, and we report on their predation on Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) nestlings and the results of a field experiment conducted near the nests of Common Buzzards to test how they respond to the appearance of a top predator. The remains of nestling Common Buzzards were observed in 9% of successful nests, while evidence on the consumption of other raptor species was scarce. Additionally, our results indicate that habitat and pair/territory identity may explain the probability of predation on mesopredators, thus suggesting a spatially varying effect on smaller raptors.
Extra-pair paternity in the boreal, socially monogamous Grey-headed Chickadee (Poecile cinctus)
Authors: Kleven Oddmund , Rudolfsen Geir , Schmoll Tim
Published: December 2023

Extra-pair mating is a common alternative reproductive strategy among socially monogamous bird species, but empirical data on the genetic mating systems of most species are still lacking. Here we present the first parentage study in the Grey-headed Chickadee (Poecile cinctus), a socially monogamous passerine breeding at low densities in the boreal region of the Palaearctic and Nearctic. In a population in northeastern Norway sampled across six years, the probability for a brood to contain at least one extra-pair offspring was 37.5% (95% CI: 17.9–62.3%; total N = 16) and on average 16.7% (95% CI: 6.9–35.0%; total N = 120) of nestlings per brood were sired extra-pair.
Mammalian nest predation induces small-scale nest site switching in territorial tawny owl (Strix aluco) females
Authors: Karell Patrik , Ericsson Peter , Ericsson Daniel , Haglund Kent , Morosinotto Chiara , Nilsson Lars-Ove
Published: December 2023

Nest predation is a major factor affecting fitness in birds. Individuals are expected to respond to nest predation by selecting safe nesting sites and by moving away from risky sites. Thereby, perceived risk or experience of predation should lead to shifts in nest site selection. Experimental studies on behavioural and life-history consequences of nest predation have traditionally manipulated the risk of predation and studied the immediate consequences thereof. Fewer studies have however analysed the behavioural consequences of perceived predation risk to future breeding events and we know little about how sedentary territorial species respond to nest predation. We experimentally manipulated tawny owl (Strix aluco) breeding nest site choice by providing an additional alternative nest box within the territory, nearby the original nesting sites. The new nest box was provided either after a successful reproductive event (control group), or following a failed reproductive event caused by a nest predator (i.e. pine marten Martes martes, predated group).
The role of a low-level jet for stirring the stable atmospheric surface layer in the Arctic
Authors: Egerer Ulrike , Siebert Holger , Hellmuth Olaf , Sørensen Lise Lotte
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In this study, we analyze the transition of a stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with a low-level jet (LLJ) to a traditional stable ABL with a classic Ekman helix in the late-winter central Arctic. Vertical profiles in the ABL were measured with a hot-wire anemometer on a tethered balloon during a 15 h period in March 2018 in northeast Greenland. The tethered balloon allows high-resolution turbulence observations from the ground to the top of the ABL. The core of the LLJ was observed at about 150 m altitude, and its height and strength were associated with the temperature inversion. Increased turbulence was observed in the vicinity of the LLJ, but most of the turbulence does not reach down to the surface, thus decoupling the LLJ from the surface. Only when the LLJ collapses and the ABL again exhibits a more classical Ekman spiral is a coupling to the surface re-established. The LLJ might enhance both advective and turbulent vertical transport of passive tracers such as aerosol particles or moisture in the often stably stratified Arctic ABL.
Evaluation of “on site” calibration procedures for sun-sky photometers
Authors: Campanelli Monica , Estelles Victor , Kumar Gaurav , Nakajima Teruyuki , Momoi Masahiro , Gröbner Julian , Kazadzis Stelios , Kouremeti Natalia , Karanikolas Angelos , Barreto Africa , Nevas Saulius , Schwind Kerstin , Schneider Phillipp , Harju Iiro , Kärhä Petri , Diémoz Henri , Kudo Rei , Uchiyama Akihiro , Yamazaki Akihiro , Iannarelli Anna Maria , Mevi Gabriele , Di Bernardino Annalisa , Casadio Stefano
Published: December 2023

Abstract. To retrieve columnar aerosol properties from sun-photometers both irradiance and radiance calibration factors are needed. For the irradiance the solar calibration constant, V0, that is the instrument counts for a direct normal solar flux extrapolated to the top of the atmosphere, must be determined. The solid view angle, SVA, is the measure of the field of view of the instrument, and it is important for obtaining the Radiance from sky diffuse irradiance measurements. Each of the three sun-photometers networks considered in the present study (SKYNET, AERONET, WMO-GAW) adopts different protocols of calibration and we evaluated the performance of the on-site calibration procedures, applied to SKYNET PREDE-POM instruments, during intercomparison campaigns and laboratory calibrations held in the framework of the Metrology for Aerosol Optical Properties (MAPP) EMPIR project. The on-site calibration, performed as frequently as possible (rather monthly) to monitor change of the machine condition, allow operators to track and evaluate the calibration status on a continuous basis considerably reducing the data gaps incurred by the periodical shipments for performing centralized calibrations. The performance of the on-site calibration procedures for V0 was very good in sites with low turbidity, showing an agreement with a reference calibration between 0.5 % and 1.5 % depending on wavelengths. In the urban area the agreement decreases between 1.7 % and 2.5 %. For the SVA the difference varied from a minimum of 0.03 % to a maximum of 3.46 %.
Geomorphologic controls and anthropogenic impacts on dissolved organic carbon from mountainous rivers: insights from optical properties and carbon isotopes
Authors: Chen Shuai , Zhong Jun , Ran Lishan , Yi Yuanbi , Wang Wanfa , Yan Zelong , Li Si-liang , Mostofa Khan M. G.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Mountainous rivers are critical in transporting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial environments to downstream ecosystems. However, how geomorphologic factors and anthropogenic impacts control the composition and export of DOC in mountainous rivers remains largely unclear. Here, we explore DOC dynamics in three subtropical mountainous catchments (i.e., the Yinjiang, Shiqian, and Yuqing catchments) in southwest China, which are heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities. Water chemistry, stable and radioactive carbon isotopes of DOC (δ13CDOC and Δ14CDOC), and optical properties (UV absorbance and fluorescence spectra) were employed to assess the biogeochemical processes and controlling factors on riverine DOC. The radiocarbon ages of DOC in the Yinjiang River varied widely from 928 years BP to the present. Stepwise multiple regression analyses and partial least square path models revealed that geomorphology and anthropogenic activities were the major drivers controlling DOC concentrations and DOM characteristics. Catchments with higher catchment slope gradients were characterized by lower DOC concentrations, enriched δ13CDOC and Δ14CDOC, and more aromatic dissolved organic matter (DOM), which were opposite to catchments with gentle catchment slopes. Variabilities in DOC concentrations were also regulated by land use, with higher DOC concentrations in urban and agricultural areas. Furthermore, DOM in catchments with a higher proportion of urban and agricultural land uses was less aromatic, less recently produced, and exhibited a higher degree of humification and more autochthonous humic-like DOM. This research highlights the significance of incorporating geomorphologic controls on DOC sources and anthropogenic impacts on DOM composition into the understanding of DOC dynamics and the quality of DOM in mountainous rivers, which are globally abundant.
Exploring the potential of forest snow modelling at the tree and snowpack layer scale
Authors: Mazzotti Giulia , Nousu Jari-Pekka , Vionnet Vincent , Jonas Tobias , Nheili Rafife , Lafaysse Matthieu
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Boreal and subalpine forests host seasonal snow for multiple months per year, however snow regimes in these environments are rapidly changing due to rising temperatures and forest disturbances. Accurate prediction of forest snow dynamics, relevant for ecohydrology, biogeochemistry, cryosphere, and climate sciences, requires process-based models. While snow schemes that track the microstructure of individual snow layers have been proposed for avalanche research, tree-scale process resolving canopy representations so far only exist in a few snow-hydrological models. A framework that enables layer and microstructure resolving forest snow simulations at the meter scale is lacking to date. To fill this research gap, this study introduces the forest snow modelling framework FSMCRO, which combines two detailed, state-of-the art model components: the canopy representation from the Flexible Snow Model (FSM2), and the snowpack representation of the Crocus ensemble model system (ESCROC). We apply FSMCRO to discontinuous forests at boreal and subalpine sites to showcase how tree-scale forest snow processes affect layer-scale snowpack properties. Simulations at contrasting locations reveal marked differences in stratigraphy throughout the winter. These arise due to different prevailing processes at under-canopy versus gap locations, and due to variability in snow metamorphism dictated by a spatially variable snowpack energy balance. Ensemble simulations allow us to assess the robustness and uncertainties of simulated stratigraphy. Spatially explicit simulations unravel the dependencies of snowpack properties on canopy structure at a previously unfeasible level of detail. Our findings thus demonstrate how hyper-resolution forest snow simulations can complement observational approaches to improve our understanding of forest snow dynamics, highlighting the potential of such models as research tool in interdisciplinary studies.
Thermodynamic and cloud evolution in a cold air outbreak during HALO-(AC)3: Quasi-Lagrangian observations compared to the ERA5 and CARRA reanalyses
Authors: Kirbus Benjamin , Schirmacher Imke , Klingebiel Marcus , Schäfer Michael , Ehrlich André , Slättberg Nils , Lucke Johannes , Moser Manuel , Müller Hanno , Wendisch Manfred
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Intense air mass transformations take place when cold, dry Arctic air masses move southward from the closed sea ice onto the much warmer ice-free Arctic ocean during marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs). In spite of intensive research on MCAOs during recent years, the temporal rates of diabatic heating and moisture uptake relevant also for cloud formation/dissipation have not been measured along MCAO flows. Instead, reanalyses have typically been used for climatological investigations of MCAOs or to supply higher-resolution models with lateral boundary conditions and time-dependent forcings. Meanwhile, the uncertainties connected to those datasets remain unclear. Here, we present height-resolved observations of diabatic heating rates, moisture uptake, and cloud evolution measured in a quasi-Lagrangian manner. The investigated specific MCAO was observed on 01 April 2022 during the HALO-(AC)3 airborne campaign that was conducted in spring 2022. Shortly after passing the ice edge, maximum diabatic heating rates larger than 6 K h−1 and moisture uptake of more than 0.3 g kg−1 h−1 were measured close above the ocean surface. As the air mass continued its drift southwards, clouds started to form and vertical mixing within the steadily deepening boundary layer was intensified. The quasi-Lagrange observations are compared with reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) latest global reanalysis ERA5 and the Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA). It was found that the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of ERA5 versus CARRA data are 60 % higher for air temperature over sea ice (1.4 K versus 0.9 K), and 70 % higher for specific humidity over ice-free ocean (0.12 g kg−1 versus 0.07 g kg−1 ). We relate these differences not only to issues with representations of the marginal ice zone and corresponding surface fluxes in ERA5, but also to the cloud scheme producing excess liquid-bearing clouds and precipitation, causing a too-dry marine boundary layer. Overall, the combination of CARRA’s high spatial resolution, an improved handling of cold surfaces, and the demonstrated higher fidelity towards the observations, make it a well-suited candidate for further investigations of Arctic air mass transformations.
Assimilation of GNSS Tropospheric Gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.4.1
Authors: Thundathil Rohith Muraleedharan , Zus Florian , Dick Galina , Wickert Jens
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In this study, we have incorporated tropospheric gradient observations from a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ground station network into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model through a newly developed observation operator. The experiments are aimed to test the functionality of the developed observation operator and to analyze the impact of tropospheric gradients in the sophisticated Data Assimilation (DA) system. The model was configured for a 0.1-degree mesh over Germany with 50 vertical levels up to 50 hPa. Our initial conditions were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) data at 0.25-degree resolution, and conventional observations were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), restricted to surface stations and radiosondes. We selected approximately 100 GNSS stations with high data quality and availability covering Germany. We performed DA every 6 hours for June and July 2021. Three experiments were conducted: 1) The control run assimilating only conventional observations; 2) the impact run assimilating Zenith Total Delays (ZTDs) on top of the Control run; and 3) the Impact-Gradient run assimilating ZTDs and gradients on top of the Control run. The error for the Impact run was reduced by 32 % and 10 % for ZTDs and gradients, whereas the error for the Impact-Gradient run was reduced by 35 % and 18 %, respectively. Overall, the newly developed operator for the WRF DA system works as intended. In particular, the combined assimilation of gradients and the ZTDs led to a notable improvement in the humidity field at altitudes above 2.5 km. With the source codes developed and freely available to the WRF users, we aim to trigger further GNSS tropospheric gradient assimilation studies to refine the technique and improve its performance.
PROCEEDINGS IN UAS-ASSISTED BRIDGE INSPECTIONS: RTK-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION AND SPATIAL FILTERING
Authors: Bartczak E. T. , Bassier M. , Vergauwen M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Traditional bridge inspections present considerable challenges in terms of efficiency and accuracy. However, recent advancements in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) and deep learning for object detection have opened up new avenues for automatic bridge damage detection. We present a comprehensive framework leveraging these technologies for automated damage detection in UAS imagery, followed by accurate mapping of the damage predictions on photogrammetric models. In this work, we propose a photogrammetric procedure to retrieve geolocated bridge models solely based on Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) information. Within the damage detection step, we conduct extensive testing and optimization of model hyperparameters using YOLOv8 and Slicing Aided Hyper Interference (SAHI). Next, we map the predictions onto the 3D model using ray casting, allowing to group and filter the predictions by their area and position. Finally, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows bridge inspectors to identify false positive predictions, generate new training data, and directly measure damage dimensions in the images. Validation on a concrete box girder bridge resulted in a photogrammetric model with a mean error of 1.3 cm, negating the need for ground control points. Our model training process revealed substantial performance variations between training and test datasets, underscoring the importance of evaluating optimal hyperparameters on UAS inspection images rather than relying on the validation metrics. Lastly, we successfully map the detected damage and create new training data from the UAS inspection images. This framework significantly enhances bridge inspection accuracy and efficiency, providing a strong foundation for future developments in automated bridge inspections.
MONITORING OF REINTRODUCED RARE PLANTS USING UAV DATA
Authors: Gorodetskaya L. A. , Denisova A. Y. , Kavelenova L. M. , Pomogaybin A. V. , Ruzaeva I. V. , Fedoseev V. A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Species reintroduction is one of the most important tasks for biodiversity conservation. In the Samara region, the Department of Ecology, Botany, and Nature Protection of Samara University is constantly working to return rare plants to their natural habitat. Field surveys are carried out to monitor the process of plant development in the natural environment. However, the complex terrain and the special conservation status of the territories, where reintroduction is carried out, require the development of methods for monitoring plants that reduce human contact with the natural environment. As such a method, the article proposes using data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in conjunction with the detection of reintroduced plant species using object detection neural networks, namely YOLOv3. The proposed method reduces the anthropogenic impact on the territory during the monitoring process and simplifies plant observations.
DEVELOPMENT OF GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE APPLICATION FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF TURBIDITY IN BATAN ESTUARY, AKLAN THROUGH THE HARMONIZATION OF LANDSAT AND SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY
Authors: Zablan C. D. C. , Blanco A. C. , Primavera-Tirol Y. H. , Nadaoka K.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Water turbidity poses a threat to marine life and the economy. To address this, regular monitoring is crucial. Field methods are commonly employed, but they can be costly and challenging to perform consistently and historically. Luckily, remote sensing satellites offer a viable solution by collecting image data from space for Earth observation. Researchers have utilized these satellite images to develop indices for analyzing water turbidity and chlorophyll-a content. Leveraging the Google Earth Engine geospatial data computing platform, an application has been created to facilitate water quality monitoring. The app harmonizes Landsat and Sentinel-2 Imagery to improve temporal resolution and increase historical data availability. These images are then subjected to indices, namely the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) and the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI), to estimate water turbidity and chlorophyll-a content, respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of the app, the Batan Estuary in Aklan was selected as a test site. Annual mean water turbidity data from 2000 to 2021 were processed and downloaded through the app and subsequently imported into ArcGIS Pro for further analysis. Raster statistics revealed that turbidity and chlorophyll-a content have consistently decreased since 2000, with already low levels observed. Although the river section exhibited the highest turbidity relative to the estuary, it can still be deemed nonpolluted based on US EPA standards. Moreover, ArcGIS's emerging hotspot analysis indicated that the estuary predominantly featured cold spots, indicating minimal areas with clusters of turbid water over time.
ON THE QUALITY CONTROL OF MONITORING RESULTS OF URBAN SPECIAL GEOGRAPHY AND NATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Chen C. , Wang X. , Zhao H. , Luo F. , Li H.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The results of urban thematic geographic condition monitoring are based on the results of geographic condition monitoring, further refinement of classified geographic information vector data, and then summarize the total amount of each urban thematic type, the amount of change and other information through the method of statistical analysis. It provides first-hand information for governmental management departments to make decisions and manage cities. Therefore, the quality of urban thematic GIS monitoring results directly affects the results of statistical analysis. This thesis discusses a variety of quality control methods, and how these methods are successfully and efficiently applied in urban thematic geographic national condition monitoring results, so as to guarantee the quality of the results. It also provides ideas and references for producers of geographic information products and quality inspectors in the production and quality control of geographic information result vectors.
Wind as a natural hazard in Poland
Authors: Chmielewski Tadeusz , Bońkowski Piotr A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The paper deals with wind speeds of extreme wind events in Poland and the descriptions of their effects. Two recent estimations developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw and by Halina Lorenc (a previous co-worker of the institute) are presented here. Their strong and weak points are briefly described. The 37 annual maximum gusts of wind speeds measured at all meteorological stations between 1971 and 2007 are analysed by an extremal probability paper, block-maxima (BM), and peak-over-threshold (OVT) approaches. Based on the measured and estimated wind speeds (taken from existing literature), the authors suggest new estimations for extreme winds that may occur in Poland. Shortly, Poland will construct important structures, such as a central air terminal and (some) nuclear power plants, so knowledge about extreme winds in our country is significant for engineers who will design these structures.
A random forest approach to quality-checking automatic snow-depth sensor measurements
Authors: Blandini Giulia , Avanzi Francesco , Gabellani Simone , Ponziani Denise , Stevenin Hervé , Ratto Sara , Ferraris Luca , Viglione Alberto
Published: December 2023

Abstract. State-of-the-art snow sensing technologies currently provide an unprecedented amount of data from both remote sensing and ground sensors, but their assimilation into dynamic models is bounded to data quality, which is often low – especially in mountain, high-elevation, and unattended regions where snow is the predominant land-cover feature. To maximize the value of snow-depth measurements, we developed a random forest classifier to automatize the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedure of near-surface snow-depth measurements collected through ultrasonic sensors, with particular reference to the differentiation of snow cover from grass or bare-ground data and to the detection of random errors (e.g., spikes). The model was trained and validated using a split-sample approach of an already manually classified dataset of 18 years of data from 43 sensors in Aosta Valley (northwestern Italian Alps) and then further validated using 3 years of data from 27 stations across the rest of Italy (with no further training or tuning). The F1 score was used as scoring metric, it being the most suited to describe the performances of a model in the case of a multiclass imbalanced classification problem. The model proved to be both robust and reliable in the classification of snow cover vs. grass/bare ground in Aosta Valley (F1 values above 90 %) yet less reliable in rare random-error detection, mostly due to the dataset imbalance (samples distribution: 46.46 % snow, 49.21 % grass/bare ground, 4.34 % error). No clear correlation with snow-season climatology was found in the training dataset, which further suggests the robustness of our approach. The application across the rest of Italy yielded F1 scores on the order of 90 % for snow and grass/bare ground, thus confirming results from the testing region and corroborating model robustness and reliability, with again a less skillful classification of random errors (values below 5 %). This machine learning algorithm of data quality assessment will provide more reliable snow data, enhancing their use in snow models.
Arte y respiración. Límites, encuentros y fronteras
Authors: Moya-Ruiz Albert
Published: December 2023

Las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas, a diferencia de las de otras épocas, no son ajenas a la reflexión sobre el aire, la respiración y el aliento. Desde la más pura necesidad fisiológica a las formas más elevadas de expresión espiritual, estos conceptos nos abren a cuestiones contemporáneas de gran calado, tales como la inmaterialidad, la desterritorialización, la fluidez, la volatilidad o la transparencia, por poner algunos ejemplos. Este artículo parte de la constatación de que el aire y la respiración constituyen un espacio privilegiado para reflexionar sobre la condición humana, un espacio que revela con la misma intensidad tanto territorios de exclusión, delimitación y jerarquización, como escenarios de encuentro y simbiosis, de interrelacionalidad y connivencia entre lo humano y lo no humano, es decir, espacios y atmósferas en los que encontramos articulada toda la riqueza que habita junto a nosotros. A través del análisis de diversas propuestas artísticas contemporáneas podremos constatar como el arte se ha ocupado en los últimos tiempos de evidenciar estas relaciones y hacernos conscientes simultáneamente de los peligros y beneficios que conllevan para el ser humano omitir o evocar su condición aerífera.
Enhancing Traffic Management in Lahore: A Comprehensive Analysis of Drivers' Perspectives on Interactions with City Traffic Police
Authors: Talha Nighat , Iqbal Shahzaf , Manan Syed Abdul
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by drivers while interacting with City Traffic Police (CTP) in Lahore, Pakistan. CTP plays a vital role in maintaining traffic flow and improving road safety. The study used a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative interviews using Critical Incident Techniques (CIT) to explore issues, affinity diagrams for thematic analysis, and frequency analysis to quantitatively identify the most important transportation issues based on their occurrence. The study identified 32 different traffic problems and classified them into four categories of drivers. Thematic analysis reveals eight overarching themes, including road conditions, behavioral issues of traffic police, license issuance hurdles, traffic tickets and challans, grievance redressal procedures, signal malfunctions, discriminatory conduct, and corruption within the CTP domain. Quantitative analysis highlights road conditions, behavioral issues, and license-related problems as the most frequently reported concerns. Theoretical implications draw on Social Exchange Theory (SET) to analyze drivers' interactions, emphasizing the pivotal role of trust in shaping satisfaction and compliance. Practical implications urge policymakers to prioritize road maintenance, enhance communication skills of traffic wardens, and address corruption and discrimination for improved traffic management. Limitations include potential bias from convenience sampling, reliance on subjective recollections in CIT, and the study's exclusive focus on drivers. Recommendations for future research advocate rigorous sampling methods, broader geographical scope, diverse stakeholder involvement, and the incorporation of quantitative surveys.
Cetacean and hipparion fossils from the upper Miocene near General Marinovo Village, NW Bulgaria
Authors: Hristova Latinka , Dochev Docho , Metodiev Lubomir , Nikolov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The fossils of cetaceans are common in the Miocene marine deposits of North Bulgaria and along the Black Sea coast, however, they had received little attention until now. We report on abundant whale fossil material from the area near General Marinovo Village, NW Bulgaria. The finding of a hipparion tooth in the same area as the rest of the material implies a late Miocene age for the fossils. Taphonomical, XRD, and palaeohistological analyses reveal details about the pre-burial history and palaeobiology of part of the studied cetacean fossils.
New data on the Turonian nodular phosphate-bearing bed in the Dobrindol Formation south of Kaspichan, NE Bulgaria
Authors: Vetseva Millena , Hikov Atanas , Dochev Docho , Stefanov Yavor
Published: December 2023

The Turonian nodular phosphate-bearing bed outcropping near Kaspichan consists of early diagenetically mineralized (carbonate-fluorapatite – CFA, glauconite and goethite) limestone lithoclasts (nodules), mineralized macrofauna, and non-mineralized intraclasts, embedded in a glauconite-CFA cement. The characteristics of the nodular bed are consistent with a formation under extremely low net sedimentation rate with nodules demonstrating evidence for reworking. The identified ammonite association assigns late Turonian age of the bed. XRF and LA-ICPMS analyses reveal low P, U, and REE-Y concentrations, with correlations between REE and the other authigenic oxides indicating that glauconite and goethite could be main REE concentrators along with CFA. Fluctuations in the redox conditions are implied by the authigenic mineral association, mineralization stages, presence of diverse fauna and ichnofissils, and applied geochemical proxies.
Pelayanan Sosial Pada Anak Terlantar Di Yayasan Ma’panundu Kabupaten Tana Toraja
Authors: Sarpin Sarpin , Roslan Suharty , Supiyah Ratna , Pabalik Siska
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelayanan sosial pada anak terlantar di Yayasan Ma’panundu Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penentuan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Informan penelitian adalah pemiliki yayasan sekaligus pengasuh anak-anak, anak-anak terlantar yang diasuh yayasan dan orang tua anak-anak terlantar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analalis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan sosial pada anak-anak terlantar melalui lima bentuk pelayanan, yaitu pelayanan pendidikan, dengan menyediakan fasilitas pendidikan pada anak-anak untuk melanjutkan pendidikan. Pelayanan kesehatan, dengan menyediakan obat-obatan dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan tempat tinggal, dengan menyediakan sarana-prasarana yang aman dan nyaman. Pelayanan pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan, dengan menyediakan kebutuhan makanan yang bergizi dan sehat. Pelayanan keterampilan, dengan mengasah potensi yang dimiliki anak-anak terlantar melalui seni budaya daerah. Faktor yang mendukung dalam pelayanan sosial pada anak terlantar adalah ketersedian sarana-parasana yang cukup memadai dan keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam mendonasikan sebagian dana dan harta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan anak-anak yayasan. Faktor yang menghambat dalam pelayanan sosial pada anak terlantar adalah tidak adanya pengurus yayasan yang mengurus pelayanan administrasi yayasan dan pihak yayasan tidak menjalin kerja sama dengan Dinas Sosial.
Analisis Program CSR PT GMIT Di Kampung Edamame Dengan Perspektif Asset Based Community Development
Authors: Wahyu Mainnatul Likah  , Adi Prasetyo Fransiscus , Arif Arif
Published: December 2023

Asset based community development (ABCD) memandang di masyarakat sebagai sasaran program pemerdayaan terdapat berbagai potensi dan sumberdaya yang dapat digunakan untuk menunjang proses pemberdayaan itu sendiri. Salah satu bentuk implementasinya adalah dalam program-program tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan atau corporate social responsibility (CSR) PT. GMIT bernama Kampung Edamame. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pelaksanaan program CSR dengan perspektif asset based community development. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian Desa Klompangan, Kecamatan Ajung, Kabupaten jember. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi non-partisipan, wawancara semi terstruktur, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dimulai dari pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, display data dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan CSR di Kampung Edamame dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah pemberdayaan namun belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan aset dalam masyarakat dan masih terlalu banyak dominasi perusahaan dalam pelaksanaan program.
Bentuk Dukungan Sosial Teman Kerja Pada Karyawan Disabilitas
Authors: Putra Eriz Restu , Noer Sunan Moch. Ilham , Prasetyo Franciscus Adi , Poerwanti Sari Dewi
Published: December 2023

Penyandang disabilitas memiliki kewajiban untuk meningkatkan potensi diri dan memperoleh pekerjaan sehingga akan mendapatkan penghasilan untuk memenuhi kehidupan sehari-hari. Permasalahan di lingkungan kerja masih sering terjadi pada penyandang disabilitas seperti memperoleh diskriminasi, akomodasi kerja yang kurang memadai, masalah penyesuaian diri, dan masih sering terjadi kesalahan dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dukungan sosial yang diberikan teman kerja pada karyawan disabilitas yang bekerja di 6 Gerai Alfamart cabang Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Informan ditentukan berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi non-partisipatif, wawancara semi-terstruktur dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan milik Miles and Huberman diawali dengan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika berada di lingkungan kerja penyandang disabilitas mendapatkan dukungan sosial dari teman kerja meliputi dukungan emosional, informasional, penghargaan, instrumental dan kelompok. Hal ini memberikan dampak yang positif seperti membangun rasa percaya diri, meningkatkan kinerja penyandang disabilitas di lingkungan kerja yang juga berpengaruh pada peningkatan jenjang karir.
Advances in Structural Applications of Digital Fabrication With Concrete
Authors: Mata-Falcón Jaime , Gebhard Lukas , Lee Minu , Bischof Patrick
Published: December 2023

The construction industry needs to reduce its large environmental footprint drastically. Building with less material is one of the main levers for reducing this negative impact. This material reduction can be achieved with structurally efficient geometries requiring a higher degree of complexity than typically applied in conventional construction practices. Digital fabrication with concrete has been proposed as one of the solutions to facilitate the fabrication of efficient structures.
Over the last few years, extensive research has been conducted within the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Digital Fabrication at ETH Zurich to investigate digital fabrication with concrete for structural applications. Various digital technologies were investigated, including 3D concrete printing, digital casting, Mesh Mould, printed polymer formworks and knitted formworks. This contribution highlights the main findings of these investigations with a particular focus on the development of reinforcement strategies, as these strategies are an essential step to ensure compliance with existing design guidelines and ease of mass-market adaptation. Promising future research areas are identified based on the assessment of the technology readiness and sustainability potential of the investigated approaches.
Determination of Hydrogen Content in Getter Material from Parabolic Trough Receivers
Authors: Jung Christian
Published: December 2023

In this study, a procedure for analyzing the hydrogen content of used getter material is described based on mass spectrometry coupled to thermal gravimetry. It is shown that hydrogen masses per getter mass in the range of 2 – 15 mg/g can be quantified. At least three differently strong hydrogen binding situations are found with the thermal desorption program applied so far. Up to 450 °C only traces of hydrogen can be desorbed from the getter material with the applied method and up to 99% is released on heating up to 800 °C.
Kết quả ban đầu điều trị rò dưỡng chấp do tổn thương ống ngực bằng can thiệp qua da
Authors: Linh Lê Tuấn , Cương Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: December 2023

Rò dưỡng chấp do tổn thương ống ngực thường là biến chứng sau phẫu thuật hoặc sau chấn thương hoặc xâm lấn của ung thư, ngoài ra có một tỷ lệ ít gặp rò dưỡng chấp tự phát. Tiến bộ trong can thiệp hệ bạch huyết gần đây cho phép luồn ống thông vào ống ngực, chụp cản quang chẩn đoán chính xác hình thái và vị trí rò ống ngực. Mục đích của nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá kết quả của can thiệp nút tắc ống ngực điều trị các hình thái rò dưỡng chấp. Nghiên cứu hồi cứu trên tổng số 73 bệnh nhân đã được can thiệp nút tắc ống ngực cho thấy nguyên nhân chính của rò dưỡng chấp là sau mổ ung thư tuyến giáp, thực quản và u trung thất (83%) còn lại là các phẫu thuật khác và tràn dưỡng chấp tự phát. Thành công về kỹ thuật luồn ống thông vào trong ống ngực đạt 90%, những bệnh nhân không luồn thành công vào ống ngực được thực hiện tiêm xơ và làm gián đoạn dòng chảy ống ngực giúp cho vết rò ống ngực tự liền. Thành công về lâm sàng đạt 100%, không có biến chứng liên quan đến tàn tật và tử vong. Biến chứng liên quan đến can thiệp xảy ra ở 2 bệnh nhân (2,7%) là rò mật phải mổ cắt túi mật nội soi.
Đánh giá tác dụng của dung dịch xịt mũi chứa NaCl 2,7% kết hợp acid hyaluronic trong điều trị viêm mũi trên thực nghiệm
Authors: Tần Phạm Huy , Tùng Trần Thanh , Loan Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Bình Nguyễn Thanh , Phương Lương Thu , Nga Đào Thiên
Published: December 2023

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tác dụng chống viêm của dung dịch xịt mũi chứa NaCl 2,7% kết hợp acid hyaluronic trên mô hình chuột cống trắng gây viêm mũi bằng dung dịch amoniac 15%. Chuột bị viêm mũi được xịt dung dịch chứa NaCl 2,7% kết hợp acid hyaluronic liều 200 µl/lần, một lần/ngày và 200 µl/lần, hai lần/ngày hoặc thuốc chứng dương fluticason propionat nồng độ 50 µg/0,05ml liều 200 µl/lần, một lần/ngày trong 3 ngày liên tục. Chuột được nội soi mũi và họng để xác định tình trạng viêm tại thời điểm trước khi gây mô hình, sau khi gây mô hình và trong vòng 3 ngày xịt thuốc thử/chứng dương. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy dung dịch xịt mũi chứa NaCl 2,7% kết hợp acid hyaluronic thể hiện tác dụng chống viêm thông qua việc giảm điểm đánh giá mức độ viêm trên hình ảnh nội soi có ý nghĩa thống kê so với lô mô hình. Như vậy, dung dịch xịt mũi chứa NaCl 2,7% kết hợp acid hyaluronic có tác dụng chống viêm trên mô hình gây viêm mũi bằng dung dịch ammoniac 15%.
Kết quả điều trị hồi sức bệnh nhân nhồi máu não ác tính do tắc động mạch não giữa có mở sọ giảm áp tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội
Authors: Hà Vũ Việt , Tôn Mai Duy , Hoan Nguyễn Công
Published: December 2023

Nhồi máu não ác tính do tắc động mạch não giữa là tình trạng bệnh lý nặng, tỷ lệ tử vong cao. Áp dụng đồng thời các biện pháp điều trị hồi sức bao gồm phẫu thuật mở nửa sọ giảm áp giúp cải thiện tiên lượng của bệnh nhân. Nghiên cứu đánh giá kết quả hồi sức bệnh nhân nhồi máu não ác tính do tắc động mạch não giữa được phẫu thuật mở nửa sọ giảm áp trên 53 bệnh nhân thu được các kết quả: Tỷ lệ tử vong tại thời điểm ra viện 13,21% và trong vòng 90 ngày 22,64%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có kết cục lâm sàng tốt với điểm Rankin sửa đổi (mRS) 0-3 sau 90 ngày 39,6%. Thời điểm phẫu thuật trong nghiên cứu 19,4 giờ với 69,8% bệnh nhân phẫu thuật trước 24 giờ. 54,7% bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật có cải thiện về lâm sàng và hình ảnh cắt lớp vi tính sọ não. Các yếu tố liên quan đến kết cục lâm sàng tốt bao gồm: Tuổi dưới 60, tắc động mạch não giữa đơn thuần, điểm ASPECTs từ 4-6 điểm, điểm NIHSS dưới 18 và được tái thông mạch trong giai đoạn giờ vàng.
Kết quả xét nghiệm một số chỉ số liên quan đến viêm gan virus B tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội
Authors: Lan Nguyễn Thị Ngọc , Lộc Lê Hữu , Tuấn Nguyễn Đức
Published: December 2023

Sử dụng các xét nghiệm nhằm phát hiện người mắc viêm gan B (VGB) là một biện pháp quan trọng để đối phó với bệnh VGB. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang để khảo sát thực trạng chỉ định xét nghiệm HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội. Kết quả cho thấy từ năm 2020 - 2022 đã có 306.115 người được chỉ định xét nghiệm sàng lọc VGB tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội. Trong đó, tỷ lệ được làm xét nghiệm HBsAg đơn độc là 79,82%, được làm xét nghiệm HBsAg và anti-HBs là 19,61%, tỷ lệ được làm đủ bộ 3 xét nghiệm HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc tổng số là 0,29%. Tỷ lệ người có HBsAg dương tính là 8,19%, tỷ lệ này trong nhóm có lý do tới khám bệnh liên quan tới gan mật lên tới 16,67%, trong khi tỷ lệ của nhóm thực hiện phẫu thuật, thủ thuật và nhóm khám sức khỏe lần lượt là 7,54% và 7,74%. Trong nhóm có HBsAg âm tính, tỷ lệ người có nồng độ anti-HBs dưới 10 IU/ml chiếm 46,77%. Dựa vào kết quả bộ 3 xét nghiệm, chúng tôi ghi nhận có 31,39% số người đã từng phơi nhiễm HBV.
Hiệu quả ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo trong chuyển đổi tín hiệu non-dicom và tự động hóa nhận định kết quả điện não đồ
Authors: Hạnh Bùi Mỹ , Ngân Vương Thị , Trang Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ
Published: December 2023

Phân tích điện não đồ gặp nhiều khó khăn đặc biệt đối với bác sĩ không phải chuyên khoa do đây là loại dữ liệu non-dicom phức tạp, chưa chuyển đổi đồng bộ trên hệ thống HIS. Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá kết quả ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo chuyển đổi dữ liệu lên hệ thống HIS dưới dạng dicom và tự động nhận định, trích xuất kết quả. Ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo cho 900 bản ghi của người bình thường và người mắc các bệnh lý thần kinh từ 1/2021 đến 6/2023 tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội. Kết quả cho thấy chuyển đổi, đồng bộ trực tiếp 100% dữ liệu từ máy ghi chuyên dụng lên hệ thống HIS; nhận diện, phân tích, hiển thị sóng điện não dựa trên các đặc tính về tần số, biên độ, định khu theo các mốc ghi đạt độ chính xác lên đến 98%; tự động trích xuất chính xác 100 % thành phiếu trả lời kết quả. Thời gian thành phần và tổng thời gian được rút ngắn 8,75 lần, tiết kiệm được 465 giờ làm việc với gần 4,6 tỷ điểm dữ liệu được lưu trữ so với quy trình thủ công. Đây là công cụ hỗ trợ đắc lực cho bác sĩ tiếp cận kết quả dễ dàng, nhanh chóng, chính xác đặc biệt cho những cơ sở y tế thiếu bác sĩ chuyên khoa và trang thiết bị.
So sánh chỉ số P0.1 với một số chỉ số khác trong tiên lượng thành công cai thở máy
Authors: Nghĩa Phan Nguyễn Đại , Hải Hoàng Bùi
Published: December 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá giá trị của chỉ số P0.1 trong việc so sánh với một số chỉ số tiên lượng khác trong quá trình cai thở máy ở bệnh nhân viêm phổi, cần sự hỗ trợ với thông khí qua nội khí quản. Các thông số được thu thập độc lập với bác sĩ lâm sàng, sau đó được xử trí nhằm xác định điểm cắt, độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và diện tích dưới đường cong. Với giá trị điểm cắt của P0.1 là -5,5 cmH2O, độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu tương ứng là 95,8% và 66,7%, giá trị diện tích dưới đường cong là 0,712 (95%CI: 0,41 - 1). Chỉ số P0.1 có giá trị tiên lượng trung bình trong cai thở máy ở các bệnh nhân viêm phổi cần đặt ống nội khí quản. Các chỉ số tiên lượng khác có độ nhạy cao, cụ thể độ nhạy của giá trị thông khí phút, chỉ số thở nhanh nông, và giá trị P/F lần lượt là 100%, 100%, và 98%, nhưng độ đặc hiệu lại rất thấp, tương ứng là 20,8%, 2,1% và 0%. Chỉ số P0.1 có giá trị trong tiên lượng thành công cai thở máy ở bệnh nhân viêm phổi được thông khí nhân tạo qua nội khí quản.