bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education and Business in Conditions of Coopetition: Bibliometrics
Authors: Koibichuk Vitaliia , Samoilikova Anastasiia , Herasymenko Valeriia
Published: January 2023

The study of the relationship between education and business is a very relevant issue when education and business are key factors in developing and uplifting the economy. Education is the foundation for creating a business since the effective activity is impossible without a strong information base. The purpose of this research is a bibliographic review of scientific publications devoted to the relationship between business and education, based on materials indexed by the Scopus, Web of Science, and Mendeley databases using the built-in functions of the Bibliometrix application and the R programming language. The logic of the research is implemented with the help of three stages: at the first stage, an analysis of literary sources related to bibliometric analysis, as well as about business and education, the interdependence of education and business, which were published in the publishing house of MDPI scientific journals with open access, was carried out. Survey and interview methods are the methodological tools of most of the analyzed publications in the open access of the MDPI database. The research is conducted in the R language, using VOSViewer tools for bibliometric analysis. Various qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the relationship between education and business, such as performance analysis, scientific mapping and thematic analysis, structural equation modelling, and Z-score statistics. At the second stage, the main functions of the Bibliometrix package were studied, countries, keywords constructed a three-field plot, and the year of publication of cited references to reflect the proportion of research topics for each country and the freshness of cited articles. Source clustering through Bradford’s Law was also used to identify the best journals for publishing own research and searching for the most relevant scientific information. In addition, the Hirsch and Gini indexes of the selected sample of publications were examined in detail within the second stage. The Hirsch index is a quantitative measure of productivity based on analyzing published publications and citations. The distribution of authorship is estimated using the Gini index. At the third stage, keywords were analyzed, and a table was built with the most frequently used words to decrease the number of keywords mentioned. The conducted comprehensive analysis of scientific publications confirmed the close correlation of paradigms of business and education in the conditions of coopetition in modernity.
Egyre népszerűbb ütős sport Magyarországon a Pickleball
Authors: Baloghné Bakk Adrienn , Biróné Ilics Katalin , Nagyváradi Katalin
Published: January 2023

Pickleball a gyorsan változó világ egyik legújabb ütős labda sportja, amely a tenisz a tollaslabda és az asztalitenisz keresztezéséből jött létre. Világszerte már kb. 5 millió ember játssza. 1965-ben USA-ban találták fel, de Európában csak néhány éve jelent meg. Magyarországon 2019-től ismert, illetve rendezték meg az első országos bajnokságot. Jelmondata „Játék mindenkinek”, amit szinte szó szerint lehet érteni, hiszen minden korosztálynak ajánlva könnyen, gyorsan megtanulható ez az új sport, labdajáték. Emellett számos egészségügyi előnye is jelentős a fent említett 3 sportágakkal szemben, mely indokolja a játék többgenerációs vonzerőjét. Hiszen akár kezdő valaki és csak szórakozásból vagy szabadidő-tevékenységből szeretne új sportot tanulni, de akár tapasztalt játékos, aki a versenyszerűbb játék izgalmára vágyik, az ebben a sportágban is megtalálja, mert a pickleball tényleg mindenki számára kínál valamit.
Cash Flow Management Challenges Faced by Small Family-Owned Businesses in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dzingirai Mufaro , Ndava Rodgers
Published: January 2023

Cash flow management has increasingly become a concept of interest in the context of small family-owned businesses in recent years. It is worth noting that the growth rate of family-owned businesses has continued to rise in recent years. The research aimed to explore the cash flow management challenges faced by small family-owned businesses in Zimbabwe. The research philosophy of constructivism was employed as it was more appropriate for explorative qualitative study. With the adoption of a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The research was conducted on 12 owners of small family businesses from diverse sectors of the economy. Then, thematic analysis was applied to analyze data from in-depth interviews and FGDs. The results show that small family-owned businesses face a myriad of cash flow management challenges. Those challenges are poor payables and receivables management, inadequate cash balances, lack of financial experts, absence of cash budgets, bad debts, cash instability, and Unhu/Ubuntu culture. The research outcomes have practical implications for financial institutions and governments when offering financial management capacity-building workshops. Interestingly, the management of family businesses can make evidence-based decisions related to cash management practices and cash operating cycles. The research can immensely enrich the extant mainstream literature on the family business.
ESG factors in reputational risk assessment of Russian banks
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Evlakhova Yulia ,   Southern University (IMBL)
Published: January 2023

This article discusses risks for financial institutions associated with the transition to sustainable development and aims to determine the role of ESG factors in maintaining the reputation of Russian banks based on the development of a reputation risk assessment methodology that assumes ESG factors, which we test using data of systemically important Russian banks. The achievement of this goal is mediated by methods of theoretical analysis of publications, the use of ratings and ranking, the quantitative methods. Key theoretical positions and conclusions are formulated within the concept of sustainable development and a green economy. The main hypothesis is that for systemically important Russian banks, the influence of ESG factors on business reputation is manifested in the same way as for foreign counterparts: positive changes and efforts of banks in achieving sustainable development goals contribute to positive changes in financial indicators and strengthening business reputation. It was revealed that the efforts of systemically important Russian banks in achieving sustainable development goals really contribute to the growth of the business reputation of banks, but they can occur against the background of both improvement and deterioration in the dynamics of financial indicators, that is, the study hypothesis was partially confirmed. A possible reason is the features of the modern stage of the formation of a green economy in Russia. Under these conditions, it becomes important to avoid alarmist sentiment and premature use of ESG ratings for the purposes of banking regulation or investment decisions.
On the history of the creation of accounting textbooks: Late 19th — early 20th century
Authors:   St Petersburg State University of Economics, Lvova Irina
Published: January 2023

The article deals with issues related to creating accounting textbooks the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when mass business education began to develop in Russia. The evolution of ideas about the textbook, the requirements for textbooks, the evaluation of textbooks by reviews, the role of competitions in stimulating authors, the problem of selecting the qualitative textbook and attempts to solve it by administrative and market means, and, finally, the image of a modern accounting textbook as seen more than a century ago are examined. The article is based on a critical analysis of sources little or never used in previous studies, including textbooks, journal articles, materials from congresses of Russian leaders on technical and vocational education, and other representative meetings. The study shows that the historical context not only reveals the problems relevant to modern business education, but also provides an opportunity to learn about different approaches to solving them. The study suggests using historical experience to examine how effective administrative decisions about recommending educational literature have been. The study demonstrates that past experience can be used, for example, in organizing authors competitions. In retrospect, the debates about the permissibility of publishing reviews of textbooks are also of interest. The study proves that the concept of an accounting textbook proposed at the beginning of the 20th century hasn’t lost its relevance in terms of the abundance and scope of innovations and can be claimed by modern accounting science and methodological practice.
Issues of countering the shadow economy in the scientific literature
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Burov Vitaly , Tumunbayarova Zhargal ,   Transbaikal State University, Khanchuk Nadezhda ,   Transbaikal State University, Masalov Pavel ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: January 2023

The article summarizes the theoretical and methodological tools for studying the shadow economy in foreign and domestic scholarship. A comparative analysis of the existing and used diagnostic approaches for scaling the shadow economy, including review articles devoted to this paper, is carried out. The characteristics of scientific publications on countering the shadow economy are presented. In the course of the study, an analysis of features and directions of research by Russian and foreign scientists of the phenomenon of “shadow economy” was carried out, a comparison of the data array of scientific publications by bibliometric methods (VOSviewer) conducted on the international databases Dimensions, which is one of the new and is characterized by its objectivity, and the Scopus database, which is the most qualitative and widespread for the analysis of bibliographic data. It was revealed that studies in the format of articles on the shadow economy are mostly published in the humanities, which is more consistent with the Scopus database. For domestic articles, the eLIBRARY.RU scientific electronic library was used, as one of the largest and most authoritative bibliographic databases in Russia. It was revealed that the citation rate of Russian scientific works is low, but at the same time there are high counts of downloads and views, which indicates interest in this topic, but also the low scientific significance of these publications. According to the authors, in domestic and foreign scientific publications, there are insufficient recommendations on counteracting the shadow economy and, taking into account the conclusions of the analysis of methods for measuring the scale of the shadow economy, insufficient attention is paid to the regionalization of factors in the development of shadow economic relations, which would make it possible to increase the practical efficiency of the scientific research. A review of methods for measuring the scale of the shadow economy allows us to conclude that it is difficult to understand what the shadow economy is.
German state competition policy: Responses to the challenges of digitalization of the economy, lessons for Russia
Authors:   Administration of the urban district of Solnechnogorsk, Moscow region, Gagarina Irina , Knyazeva Irina ,   Siberian Institute of Management — Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

The article examines the experience of the German competition authority and the limits of the intervention of the German state and the competition policy developed by it in the digital economy. Particular attention is paid to the methodological approaches of the German regulator to assessing the dominant position of companies in digital markets, problems arising in their practical application, assessing the impact of the digital agenda on markets and competition. Current cases reflecting the multidimensional assessment of market power in digital markets are presented. The opinion of the German antimonopoly regulator is systematized, including the development of a set of measures aimed at reducing negative effects in the form of abuse of market power and the ability to have a negative impact on the market from online platforms. The basic rules of the regulatory doctrine adopted in 2021–2022 by the Economic Commission for Europe within the framework of the Digital Markets Act (DMA) are briefly presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the concept of “intermediary power” as a special tool for assessing the market power of online platforms and the implementation of antimonopoly control and regulation of their behavior based on the regulatory concept of “gatekeeper”. The results of the research, based on new original ideas and meaningful content, can be integrated into the discourse of modern science as a vector conceptual approaches to the study of digital markets, as well as applied in the direct practice of antimonopoly regulation in the Russian Federation.
Unfair commercial practice (misseling) as a barrier to the ESG transformation of the Russian banking business
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kanaev Alexander , Kanaeva Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to a little-studied phenomenon of the modern financial system, called “mis-seling”, which is a series of interrelated unfair practices and methods of selling financial services that cause significant damage to the reputation of Russian banks and undermine the long-term loyalty of their customers. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence of misselling as a complex legal, social, commercial and financial phenomenon, study its forms and methods, analyze the reasons for its spread in Russia, and develop proposals for protecting consumers from these practices. Achievement of articles’ purpose is ensured by use of the historicalgenetic research method, analysis of the leading experts’ publications and regulatory documentation in the field of responsible finance, generalization of empirical monitoring studies on the rights of financial services consumer protection. Results: a reconceptualization of mis-selling was carried out, which made it possible to give an expanded interpretation of this phenomenon as unfair commercial practice that violates consumer rights and contradicts the principles of responsible business conduct. It is shown that the prospects for large-scale ESG-transformation of the banking business, its restructuring on the principles of sustainable development, to a decisive extent depend on the solution of tasks to strengthen consumer protection. Conclusions: the implementation of the course towards the development of a modern, efficiently functioning financial sector of the economy, based on the principles of trust and competition and using tools that meet the needs of stakeholders, involves strengthening the social orientation of the development of the banking business, which will be facilitated by: a serious modernization of the consumer protection system, measures to expanding the jurisdictional powers of the Bank of Russia in the field of preventing administrative offenses, improving non-financial reporting and increasing the financial literacy of the population of the country.
Russian insurance market: Current state and prospects for development
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belozyorov Sergey , Zlobin Evgenii ,   All-Russian Union of Insurers, Kotlobovskiy Igor ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2023

The review describes the content and main results of the work of the traditional annual international insurance conference, which was organized by the All-Russian Union of Insurers, the only self-regulatory organization in the insurance market, and St Petersburg State University for teachers of economic disciplines of universities and colleges of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. The conference was attended by representatives of the legislative (State Duma of the Russian Federation) and executive (Ministry of Finance of Russia) authorities. In addition to the current state of the insurance market, both global and Russian, forecasts and models of its development in modern conditions, a wide range of problems regarding certain types of insurance and reinsurance was also considered. Particular attention was paid to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the activities of insurance companies in the Russian economy. The consequences of the general digitalization of society for organizing the efficient operation of insurance companies, improving the quality of services provided to customers, developing fundamentally new insurance products, methods and channels for bringing them to consumers were comprehensively analyzed. The participants also discussed the problems of teaching students insurance disciplines and training personnel for insurance, organizing the educational process in the system of secondary vocational education, interaction between universities and colleges, educational institutions and insurance companies, and improving the financial literacy of the population. During the work of the postgraduate seminar, presentations were made by both young scientists from Russia and representatives of the People’s Republic of China and the Syrian Arab Republic.
Sociotechnical reality of the digital space of contemporary politics: structure and features
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Volodenkov Sergey , Fedorchenko Sergey ,   Moscow Region State University, Artamonova Julia ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of the article was the analysis of experts' ideas about the digital space of modern politics. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the formation of an independent ontological space of modern digital politics, which has its own principles of functioning. The intensive introduction of digital technologies into the modern practice of socio-political management, the active development of the global digital infrastructure lead today to the formation of a new type of sociotechnical reality and an independent phygital space of politics within which virtualized constructs, values, meanings are formed and communication interaction is transformed. In the digital space of politics, there is an algorithmization of power, with the help of which political institutions actively borrow corporate techniques of predictive analytics, ranking, filtering information to study target audiences, manage the political agenda and correct public sentiment; new hybrid actors with serious power potential and the ability to form the design of modern politics for their own purposes and interests appear in current political practice. To confirm the working hypothesis, the authors conducted an international expert survey, which allowed to study the views of experts on the features of the digitalization of modern politics and the characteristics of the emerging sociotechnical reality. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis, however, experts assess the speed and trends of the formation of this new type of policy in different ways. Based on the results of theoretical and empirical research, the authors highlight the key trends in the formation of the modern socio-technical space of politics.
Modern university education and a new perception of the world
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Danilov Alexander
Published: January 2023

Today, education is experiencing radical changes, and its mission is changing dramatically too. The pandemic has significantly spurred this process, forced to take distance education for granted and transfer many individuals to the virtual space. For a very long time the institute of education has acted as the most conservative field of human activity in the modern society. But the current situation is changing rapidly. It is obvious that the next twenty years will be the era of the most radical changes. And the main source of these changes are the scientific, technological, information and communication revolutions, the epidemiological situation, which, like a tsunami, generate changes and determine the nature and content of a new civilization. In this situation, education acts as a center that fills the ongoing changes with content, becomes a value matrix of a different reality. The issues of stability and development of civilization directly depend on education, and education becomes the foundation of a new civilization. There is an understanding in the world that the old cannot be returned, everything will be different. Modern university education for a networked, post-information society can be created only on the basis of the development of new basic values that form a new perception of the world. However, there is a danger that modern education, adopting new values, will turn into a sphere that only imitates its high quality, prestige and success.
Ethnic factor in the regional policy of Russia Bookreview: Shabaev Y. P., Omarov M. A. Regionalism and ethnicity in Russia: historical evolution and modern political practices. Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Publ., 2021. 513 p.
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Achkasov Valery
Published: January 2023

The monograph under review is devoted to the study of Russian regionalism. The authors consider its various historical forms and come to the conclusion that the formation and expansion of the Russian state inevitably strengthened the regionalist forms of state administration and interaction between the central government and the regions. At the same time, the authors prove that in the history of Russia, regionalization and centralization were not mutually exclusive, but complementary directions of development. The ethnic factor has always played a significant role in regional politics, so the focus of the work is on the consideration of the ideology and political practices associated with ethnic regionalism. A significant place in the monograph is occupied not only by a description of the origins and political evolution of regionalist ideas in Russia, but also by an analysis of the features of Soviet and post-Soviet ethnic regionalism. The need to improve regional policy in modern Russia is convincingly substantiated. Indeed, in modern conditions, there is a need for a new type of partnership between the federal center and the regions of the Russian Federation, and, in fact, the response to the coronavirus pandemic laid the foundation for developing a model for quickly countering new risks, primarily by combining the efforts of federal and regional authorities. The conclusions formulated by the authors are convincingly supported by the study of a number of cases: the republics of the North Caucasus, the Finno-Ugric republics of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan, the modern Russian "regionalism", the Republic of Crimea.
Confectionery Production in Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1943
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Khodjakov M. V. ,   St Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   State Memorial Museum of Defense and Blockade Leningrad
Published: January 2023

The article based on archival materials analyses a problem that has not received comprehensive coverage in the historical literature. In Soviet times, it was considered the height of cynicism to talk about the confectionery factories during famine and mass mortality in besieged Leningrad. Later the authors often preferred to focus on the real and fictitious abuses by the Leningrad leaders, who allegedly enjoyed sweet life even under the blockade. The analysis of documents, many of which were previously inaccessible for researchers, indicates that candy and chocolate factories did not cease their work during the blockade. Like all food industries facing the lack of supplies they had to actively use substitutes. As a result, new varieties of sweets emerged, produced with a minimum content of sugar and maximum filling with confectionery waste. At the same time, the factories switched to manufacturing products needed for the front and were engaged in the production of medical supplies and consumer goods. Since the autumn of 1941 the local party bodies supervised all the branches of industry in Leningrad. They had the final say on management decisions and planned performance, including the production of chocolate and sweets. The distribution of confectionery products had a clear focus. Its main consumers were the army, the navy and the population of the besieged city. However, the reduction in the production during 1941–1942 and conservation of a number of factories made chocolate and sweets a scarce product, inaccessible to many residents of Leningrad. The situation changed only after the blockade was breached in 1943 and the confectionery production was restored as its capacity increased.
Renovation under the Blockade: Demolition of Wooden Buildings in Leningrad. 1941–1942
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gavrilova O. A. , Sun Yizhi ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

Based on a complex of published and archival sources, the article deals with a problem that has not been adequately covered in historiography. Since half of the housing stock of Leningrad on the eve of the war was made up of wooden buildings, it was they who at the turn of 1941/1942 have become one of the resources for solving fuel problems. Carrying out the planned demolition of about 6 thousand wooden residential buildings, as well as numerous wooden kiosks, fences, summer theaters, restaurants, pavilions, the city government solved a number of urgent tasks. Thus, it got rid of emergency and fire hazardous objects, provided enterprises and institutions with precious fuel, and provided the population of the besieged city with the opportunity to independently engage in firewood. Brigades of workers, employees and other categories of the population, created in factories, factories and households, carried out the demolition of wooden structures, and carried out another important mission. They contributed to the fact that some of the townspeople were relocated from dilapidated wooden buildings to rooms and apartments that were empty as a result of the death of hundreds of thousands of Leningraders during the first blockade winter. This was to ensure the safety and proper operation of stone houses. Several waves of evacuation of disabled categories of the population created additional opportunities for preparing for an active resettlement policy. Thus, significant areas of urban housing stock were subject to renovation in the shortest possible time, and its technical and transport support became the main problem. The implementation of this action was possible as a result of a significant reduction in the population of Leningrad.
Reactionaries, Black Hundreds, White Guards, Fascists: Definitions of Russian Right-Wingers in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanov A. A.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a detailed analysis of definitions that, having arisen during the political struggle of the early 20th Century, subsequently became entrenched in historical literature in relation to the right-wing monarchist movement. Special attention is paid to the circumstances of the emergence, use and validity of such terms as “conservatives”, “reactionaries”, “rightists”, “the Black Hundreds”, “bison”, “the Whites” (“the White Guards”), “right-wing revolutionaries”, “fascists”. It is for the first time that the author has introduced to scientific community the sources illustrating how certain definitions were used in relation to Russian right-wingers in the periodicals and journalism of pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia and the reaction to them from the Black Hundreds and Russian nationalists. The article shows that the same terms and definitions could have different interpretations and be endowed with opposite characteristics when used by opposing political forces. Such nicknames as “the Black Hundreds” and “bison” sounded like swear nicknames in the mouths of the members of the revolutionary and liberal camps. However, some right-wingers proudly raised them to their banners. At the same time, the monarchists rejected the nickname “right-wing revolutionaries” in every possible way, since they saw it as a tool for discrediting and distorting their political goals. The later term “fascists”, retrospectively applied to the Black Hundreds by their opponents, inspired in some of their former leaders a desire to present the pre-revolutionary movement of Russian monarchists as genetically close to the European right-wing movements of a later time. Attention is also paid to the little-known term “the Whites” (“the White Guards”), which was used in relation to the right-wing camp during the First Russian Revolution, but later was supplanted by other nicknames and almost forgotten.
Regional Effects of the Stolypin Reform
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nefedov S. A.
Published: January 2023

The main goal of P. A. Stolypin’s reform was to increase yields in peasant farms. The unification of peasant allotments into farms opened the way for the use of more advanced agricultural machinery. Historians argue about the extent to which the reforms affected the dynamics of yields on the eve of the First World War. In recent years, mathematical methods have been used to solve this problem. However, the application of these methods requires careful selection of both independent and dependent variables. In this paper, the share of consolidated lands in the total area of allotment lands in different provinces is used as an independent variable, and the dependent variable is the net grain yield on allotment lands. Correlation analysis shows that, in general, in 43 provinces of European Russia, land consolidation explained 30 % of the yield dynamics. But at the same time, there were very large regional differences. In 26 provinces of Great Russia, the reform did not have a significant impact on yields; in many provinces, yields decreased. The failure of the reform in Great Russia was due to the presence of strong peasant communities here, who practiced land redistribution and resisted the spread of farms. On the contrary, in 11 marginal western and southern provinces, the reform was marked by success. For a long time, communities with hereditary home ownership dominated here, and these communities generally supported Stolypin’s program. The spread of farms has led to a significant increase in yields here, and 50 % of this growth is due to the consolidation of peasant allotments.
Events of the Civil War in the North-West of Russia in the Ego-Documents of the Military Personnel of the Northern-Western Army (1918–1920)
Authors:   St Petersburg Mining University, Tropov I. A. ,   Ivangorod Humanitarian and Technical Institute, Konkin A. A. ,   St Petersburg Mining University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of sources of personal origin, reflecting the views of the military personnel of the White Guard North-Western Army on the events of the civil war that unfolded in the north-westernregion of Russia in 1918–1920. These documents make it possible to obtain the necessary, valuable and in many cases unique first-hand information from people who directly participated in the civil war. Meanwhile, the ego-documents of the participants in the white movement in the North-West of Russia rarely become the subject of special study. The study was based mainly on previously unpublished documents from the Large fund of the Archive-Museum of the Alexander Solzhenitsyn House of Russia Abroad (ASHRA Archive-Museum). The features of understanding by the military personnel of the circumstances of the emergence of the white movement in the region, including the role of the “great powers” in this process, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the problems of motivation of military personnel who voluntarily joined the ranks of the White formations, their attitude towards the civilian population and towards the enemy — the Red Army soldiers, including prisoners. The question of the level of provision of the White Guard detachments with food and uniforms is revealed. The analysis of ego-documents created by representatives of the white movement in the North-West of Russia significantly expands the knowledge available in science about the features of civil confrontation in the region, contributes to a deep understanding of the role of the human factor in extreme everyday life.
Modernization of the School Education System in the National Autonomies of the Middle Volga in the 1920s
Authors:   I.N.Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Mineeva E. K. , Zykina A. P. ,   I.N.Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Ivanova T. N. ,   I.N.Ulyanov Chuvash State University
Published: January 2023

School education has traditionally been the most important area in the history of every nation and region. The official authorities often used the school to their advantage, to carry out certain policies and manage the territory. The aim of the work is to study the modernization processes in the field of school education, which were carried out in the autonomies of the Middle Volga region during the 1920s. In the comparative aspect, this problem has not been previously considered in Russian historiography. The study was carried out mainly on the basis of the analysis of diverse sources, especially archival materials. Using the example of such national autonomous entities as Mari El and Chuvashia, both general trends and distinctive features that existed during the formation of the new Soviet school system are shown. It can be argued that the educational policy of the 1920s was not fully sound, since the radical transformations of that time period led to extremely undesirable consequences. Among the positive results of the formation of a new school and the modernization policy in the field of education, we can name quantitative changes marked by an increase in the number of educational institutions, the number of teachers and the contingent of students. The policy of the educational program, proclaimed in the 1920s by the Soviet government, was also not brought to the end. The reasons for the failures were both objective (the consequences of the Civil War, famine, insufficient funding for education) and subjective (public dissatisfaction with certain measures in the field of school affairs, the refusal of individual teachers to cooperate with the new government, etc.) factors. As a result, in the early 1930s, the course of the Soviet government in relation to secondary schools was seriously revised.
Japanese Elite Education for Russian Emigrants in Manchukuo
Authors:   North-West Institute of Management — Branch of RANEPA, Boiko I. V.
Published: January 2023

The Russian emigration in Manchuria at the beginning of the 20th century represents a very special history. The destinies of the Russian emigrants reflected the harsh circumstances of the civil war and collectivization, Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931, followed by the Japanese capitulation, which ended the WWII. The article is aimed on the analysis of the Russian emigrants societal position in Machukuo, specified for the Russian students of the Japanese university Kenkoku. The article highlights several waves of the Russian emigration to Manchukuo, each as distinctive by its reasons and social composition. Pursuing the multicultural composition of the new state Manchukuo, the Japanese policy was just loyal towards the Russian immigrants, which provided them the equal rights with the other nationalities at the access to higher education. The “National Building University” — Kenkoky, which was founded in 1938 and aimed on training the higher state administrative personnel, was open for the various nationalities, including Russians. The destinies of the Russian alumni of the Kenkoku university when they returned to the motherland after the Japanese capitulation was not an easy. Substantial reminiscences of the witnesses, Russian and non-Russian historic publications, personal archived documents are the basis for the given research. The Manchukuo short history in general and the history of the higher education there in particular have been occupying an increasing research interest all over the world. Distinctively, this issue remains unexplored in Russia. The article outcomes and materials are useful for the historians, engaged into the study of the Russian emigration to Manchuria and residence of the emigrants during the Manchukuo history. The multicultural principles of the Japanese university Kenkoku, applied for the Manchukuo diverse population represents an outstanding experience for the future generations as well.
The Scientific Community of the Early Soviet Era in the Context of the Social History of Russian Science
Authors:   St Petersburg Branch of S.I.Vavilov Institute for the History of the Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sinelnikova E. F.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the study of Moscow historian E. A. Dolgova, dedicated to the structural transformations of the Russian scientific community in the 1920s–1930s. Working in the problematic field of the social history of science, the author managed to consider and analyze a significant complex of sources. There are interesting materials extracted from a number of federal and regional archives. The results of E. A. Dolgov’s research work is reflected in the monograph “The Birth of Soviet Science: Scientists in the 1920s–1930s”, published in 2020. Analyzing the scientific community in the focus of socio-economic policy of the 1920s–1930s, the author provides valuable data on the size of the academic ration, the distribution of scientists by category, the number of scientists-members of the party and candidates of the CPSU(b) in Moscow, Petrograd-Leningrad and the provinces. It was concluded that the scientific community in the period under study functioned as a hierarchical one. Among the factors determining the status position of a scientist in this hierarchy, the leading ones were non-partisanship/ partisanship and social origin. In the study, the special attention paid to the analysis of scientist and scholars’ public role. The demand for a positive representation of Soviet science, including in the international arena, found expression in the expansion of forms of popularization of its results, the rise of science fiction literature and the emergence of popular science cinema. In general, E. A. Dolgova’s monograph is major fundamental research, and, no doubt, will take its rightful place in modern Russian history of science historiography.
China’s mode of electronic reform for court records
Authors:   Jilin University, Zhang Xingmei
Published: January 2023

The development of information technology has made the electronic reform of court records possible. As a new type of court records media, audio-video recordings have attracted attention worldwide. Driven by the National Informatisation and Internet Power strategies, China has formed its own operational paradigm in this regard. According to Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Audio-Video Recordings of Courts Trials by the People’s Courts, electronic reforms for court records in China currently follow a quasi-parallel paradigm, in which audio-video recordings may replace traditional trial transcripts within the scope of summary procedure with the consent of the parties involved. This mode of reform is consistent with China’s tradition of gradual reform. It is not only affirms the application of information technology in the court record system but also considers differences in procedures. However, it is more similar to a “prudent attempt” at electronic reforms made under the existing legal framework of litigation, representing a bridge between legislation and judicial practice, and has not responded to the impact of information technology on the court record system to the maximum xtent. From the theoretical perspectives of essentialism and functionalism, the standard mode of electronic reform for court records needs to be prioritised by the courts by considering the rights of litigants. A parallel paradigm can then be constructed, whereby audio-video recordings hold the same legality as trial transcripts. Furthermore, this reform process should strengthen the coordination mechanisms between the development of legality, system coordination, and a balance of interests to effectively guarantee electronic reforms for court records.
Problems of the Uncertainty of Law through the Prism of the Metamodern
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sechin Daniil
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to form the fundamental problems of interpretation of legal texts on the basis of modern philosophical approaches, as well as the search for possible ways to overcome them. The focus of the article is the legal interpretation in international law, due to a number of special characteristics, like the extreme diversity of cultural and legal traditions, the relative primitiveness of international relations, etc. The author does not seek to draw prescriptive conclusions, but to describe descriptively the workings of the language of law, its understanding and use. The problem of the perception of texts is not new for science, but the relevance of this work is related to the analysis of the postmodernist critique of the interpretation of law. The main part of this critique focuses on two fundamental problems: semantic indeterminacy, when subjects put different meanings into the words they use, and also structural indeterminacy, demonstrated by M. Koskenniemi, when the arguments of the parties are seen as equivalent, making it impossible to make a truly reasoned choice between the arguments presented by the parties. Overcoming postmodernist criticism is possible on the basis of the concept of metamodern, which implies overcoming the main ideas and concepts of the modern and postmodern era. General scientific methods are used, in particular, deduction — to apply the concept of metamodern to individual problems of interpretation, as well as induction — to form general conclusions based on the analysis of the practice of interpretation of legal texts. The removal of the postmodern thesis of semantic indeterminacy of texts is based on the appeal to the ideas of modernity about the establishment of rules of interpretation and acceptance of certain limits of reasonable interpretation. Overcoming the identified structural ambiguity in the application of legal norms lies in rethinking the universal hierarchical organized system of values of modernity. In the modern world, a system with quasi-hierarchical values operates, where, in the absence of an explicitly constructed universal hierarchy, states view some values as higher in priority than others, making it possible for courts to choose between value-based arguments.
Projetos de sobrevivência
Authors: Santos Júlio César de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo objetiva analisar as relações entre diferenças e desigualdades na composição das experiências de trabalho e de acesso à assistência estudantil para estudantes LGBTI+ na universidade. Para tanto, recorro a narrativas de cinco estudantes LGBTI+ da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) sobre as suas trajetórias acadêmicas, reunidas através de entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas e em profundidade, realizadas entre julho e setembro de 2020. Os resultados da investigação foram analisados a partir de referenciais teóricos como Judith Butler, Avtar Brah e Anne McClintock. Destaca-se como gênero, sexualidade, classe e raça se entrecruzam na tessitura das experiências de trabalho e nos modos como acessam a assistência estudantil. Nessas tramas narrativas, a assistência estudantil constitui projetos de sobrevivências. Com o contexto de crise da educação superior, reforça-se a importância da assistência estudantil e os riscos envolvidos em seu atual desmonte.
Calixarene: The Dawn of a New Era in Forensic Chemistry
Authors: Upadhyay Himali , Harikrishnan Uma , Bhatt Devanshi , Dhadnekar Namrata , Kumar Kapil , Panchal Manthan
Published: January 2023

Globally, rapid, ultrasensitive, and ultraselective detection of forensic evidence is
critically required for social security and support. In the past four decades, calixarenes have
been the focus of intensive research in the invention of several extractants, transporters, stationary
phases, electrode ionophores, and optical and electrochemical sensors. This review is
ardent about calixarene, a new class of selective and sensitive forensic sensors. It has become
clear that calix[n]arenes are particularly attractive building blocks for supramolecular chemistry
due to their synthesis on a large scale, distinctive concave molecular architecture, tunable
inner cavity size, exceptional derivatization capabilities, and a broad range of applications.
This paper opens up new avenues for the creation of on-site detection kits for forensic evidence,
which will speed up the detection procedure.
The Study of Interaction of Melphalan with SWCNT- BNNT Through Force Fields Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Calculations in Different Solvents and Temperatures
Authors: Hasanzadeh Neda , Jamshidi Mohammad Hassan , Yahyaei Hooriye , Bahrami Amir
Published: January 2023

In this study, the interaction of Melphalan, which is an anti-cancer medicine, with Singlewall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), was investigated. Calculations were performed by using two methods of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics. Thermodynamic parameters and Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) of the title compounds were evaluated by using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The Quantum Mechanics calculations proved that BNNTs are more suitable carriers for Melphalan. Moreover, the interaction of Melphalan with SWCNTs and BNNTs at different temperatures was evaluated by Monte Carlo calculations. The MM+ force field was chosen as the most efficient field, and the HCl solvent has the lowest amount of energy and proven to be the most stable solvent for the simulation. The most significant finding obtained from this study is that the results of all types of calculations are in line with each other regarding both thermodynamic properties and conformers.
GOQDs and GOQDs-NS-doped Carbocatalysts: A Concise Study on
Production and Use in One-pot Green MCRs
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Zamiri Bahram , Mahkam Mehrdad , Azar Aghbelagh Parvin Beigi
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Nowadays, the catalysts’ usage in chemical reactions is unavoidable, and this
has led scientists to look for producing and using catalysts which not only cause pollution and toxicity
in the reactions and products, but also generate economical benefits.

Aims:

Our goal in this paper is to produce a fully biocompatible, non-toxic and inexpensive carbocatalyst
with a graphene oxide structure for use in multi-component reactions as a heterogeneous catalyst.

Methods:

The research has been carried out to simplify the method of preparing carbocatalysts. In this
article, we heated citric acid and thiourea in the simple bottom-up method in which nitrogen and sulfur
were atomically inserted into a carbon-carbon bond of graphene oxide.

Results:

The results have been obtained by comparing graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) and
functional graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) and functional nitrogen and sulfur-doped graphene
oxide quantum dots (NS-doped-GOQDS) using the produced carbocatalyst in the synthesis of spiro
indoline pyrano pyrazoles and highly substituted pyridine derivatives with chemical and pharmacological
properties.

Conclusion:

A simple and affordable bottom-up method has been developed to synthesize fluorescent
NS-doped-GOQDS by the condensation of CA in the presence of thiourea with water elimination at
185 ℃. After the production of NS-doped-GOQDS, the carbocatalyst is used in the synthesis of
spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano [2, 3-c]pyrazole] derivatives in four-component reactions and pyridine derivatives
in five-component reactions.