bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and temporal changes in lumbar degeneration and low back pain in child and adolescent weightlifters: A prospective 5-year cohort study
Authors: Yoshimizu Rikuto , Nakase Junsuke , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Shimozaki Kengo , Asai Kazuki , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Kitaoka Katsuhiko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of lumbar degeneration findings and low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescent weightlifters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and medical questionnaires over a 5-year period. Moreover, we aimed to reveal the temporal changes in the lumbar vertebrae caused by long-term weightlifting training during the growth period. Twelve children and adolescent weightlifters who participated in weightlifting for >2 years (six boys, six girls, 11.4±2.0 years) were enrolled. Participants underwent annual medical questionnaire surveys, including data on practice frequency, competition history, presence of LBP, and lumbar examinations using MRI during the 5-year follow-up. Lumbar disc degeneration was detected in all the participants after 4 years, and lumbar disc herniation findings were detected in 33% of participants after 5 years; one underwent herniotomy during the follow-up period. Lumbar spondylolysis was detected in 58% of patients at 5 years. Although there were three participants who had LBP in the final year, none had LBP that prevented them from returning to weightlifting. This 5-year cohort study of 12 children and adolescent weightlifters detected lumbar degeneration in all participants. High frequency weightlifting training over a long period during the growth period may increase the risk of developing current and future LBP.
Curcumin improves D-galactose and normal-aging associated memory impairment in mice: In vivo and in silico-based studies
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Shuvo Arif Anzum , Bepari Asim Kumar , Hasan Apu Mehedi , Shill Manik Chandra , Hossain Murad , Uddin Mohammed , Islam Md. Rabiul , Bakshi Monjurul Kader , Hasan Javed , Rahman Atiqur , Rahman Ghazi Mohammad Sayedur , Reza Hasan Mahmud
Published: June 2022

Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) evokes severe oxidative stress and mimics normal aging in animals. Curcumin, a natural flavonoid, has potent antioxidant and anti-aging properties. There are several proteins like glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (MAOA) are commonly involved in oxidative stress and aging. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of curcumin to these proteins and their subsequent effect on aging-associated memory impairment in two robust animal models: D-Gal and normal aged (NA) mice. The aging mice model was developed by administering D-gal intraperitoneally (i.p). Mice (n = 64) were divided into the eight groups (8 mice in each group): Vehicle, Curcumin-Control, D-gal (100mg/kg; i.p), Curcumin + D-gal, Astaxanthin (Ast) + D-gal, Normal Aged (NA), Curcumin (30mg/kg Orally) + NA, Ast (20mg/kg Orally) + NA. Retention and freezing memories were assessed by passive avoidance (PA) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Molecular docking was performed to predict curcumin binding with potential molecular targets. Curcumin significantly increased retention time (p < 0.05) and freezing response (p < 0.05) in PA and CFC, respectively. Curcumin profoundly ameliorated the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, advanced oxidation protein products, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation in mice hippocampi. In silico studies revealed favorable binding energies of curcumin with GSTA1, GSTO1, KEAP1, BACE1, and MAOA. Curcumin improves retention and freezing memory in D-gal and nature-induced aging mice. Curcumin ameliorates the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in mice. Anti-aging effects of curcumin could be attributed to, at least partially, the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes through binding with GSTA1, GSTO1, KEAP1, and inhibition of oxidative damage through binding with BACE1 and MAOA.
Pharmacological analysis of Empagliflozin: Acting through the CaMKII pathway in type 2 diabetes and acute cardiovascular events
Authors: Shao Guangyao
Published: June 2022

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a high-risk factor for acute cardiovascular events. Some reports show that Empagliflozin has a protective effect on cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus, and Empagliflozin can act on the CaMKII pathway. However, the specific gene of action is not precise. Therefore, this study investigated the target genes of Empagliflozin by integrated gene analysis and molecular docking method to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the mechanism of action of Empagliflozin.

Method

In this study, we obtained 12 datasets from GEO, divided into experimental and validation groups, with a total of 376 samples. We then integrated CaMKII pathway-related genes from OMIM, NCBI, and genecards databases. We then intersected them with the differential genes we obtained to obtain 5 common genes and performed functional enrichment analysis. We then performed group comparisons in the validation set, and we obtained 2 clinically significant genes. Then we performed group comparison in the validation set, and we obtained 2 clinically significant genes, followed by molecular docking analysis with pymol, autodock software. We obtained molecular docking models for the 2 genes.

Conclusion

In this study, we obtainedCaMK2GandPPP1CA, genes associated with the CaMKII pathway and type 2 diabetes and acute cardiovascular events, by integrative gene analysis and validated their expression in the relevant dataset. We also derived that Empagliflozin acts on amino acidTRP-125ofCaMK2Ggene andGLN-249 ASP-210 ASP-208ofPPP1CAthrough CaMKII pathway, thus acting on type 2 diabetes and acute cardiovascular events by molecular docking technique.
Covid-19 vaccination intensions among literate Ghanaians: Still the need to dissipate fear and build trust on vaccine efficacy?
Authors: Awuni Joseph Agebase , Ayamga Michael , Dagunga Gilbert
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The study examined Covid-19 vaccinations intentions among literate Ghanaians and how it is been influenced by vaccine mistrust and the fear of the unforeseen side effects.

Design/Methodology/Approach

We used cross sectional data collected from 223 respondents by means of questionnaire disseminated through social media from 16th to 20th April, 2021. Likert-scale questions were asked regarding the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of literate Ghanaians towards COVID-19 vaccines. Kruskal-Wallis and sample t-test were performed to ascertain the differences in vaccination intentions between key socioeconomic variables. A pairwise correlation was performed to examine the relationship between vaccination intensions and fear of the unforeseen, mistrust of the vaccine and concerns of profiteering. Finally, a binary probit regression model was fitted to examine the predictive effect of key variables on respondent’s vaccination intentions.

Findings

The results revealed a relatively low level of knowledge about the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. The sample t-test showed that males have a relatively positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccines than females at 5% level of significance. Mistrust of vaccine safety and efficacy have a significant negative influence on vaccination intensions at 1% significance level.

Originality/Value

This study provides the Ghanaian government and other stakeholders with useful information to aid in educational campaigns on the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. More campaign efforts towards females could help increase uptake given their relatively poor attitudes towards the vaccine.
Beside Du Côté de la côte (1958): Agnès Varda’s early applied cinephilia
Authors: Palmer Tim
Published: June 2022

This article reappraises Agnès Varda’s formative career as she made Du Côté de la côte in 1958. To do this, it explores Varda’s situation within the post-war French film ecosystem before the French New Wave, how she engaged key practices of that overlooked era. By studying the ways Varda directly cites peer productions in Du Côté de la côte, we reveal her as heir to, and in dialogue with, a number of significant but neglected practitioners, notably women like Nicole Vedrès, Jacqueline Jacoupy and Yannick Bellon. Extrapolating from these creative protocols, we can properly gauge Varda’s primary, and long-term, affinities for short films and essay films, two formats that film studies is often reluctant to recognize, let alone canonize. Nourishing Varda’s work as a post-war short film essayist, we will also discover how applied cinephilia – intertextual deployments of film history that catalyse actual filmmaking – informed Varda’s professional rise.
Teaching L’Opéra-Mouffe (1958)
Authors: Kennedy-Karpat Colleen
Published: June 2022

This article describes the advantages of teaching Agnès Varda’s early short film L’Opéra-Mouffe, known in English as Diary of a Pregnant Woman, in an introductory course on film form. This award-winning, sixteen-minute film offers a compelling demonstration of the core characteristics of the essay film, along with readily teachable examples of visual metaphor, cinematography, sound, and editing. Its cultural and auteurist contexts can also complement a variety of curricular topics, including the French New Wave and Left Bank creators, post-war France, and feminist filmmaking. Finally, its focus on Varda’s personal experience of pregnancy also makes L’Opéra-Mouffe an ideal vehicle to introduce radical feminist pedagogies that recognize and value personal experience as a valid way of knowing about the world.
Germinating the Ant Plant
Authors: Dolgopolov Greg
Published: June 2022

This article is an investigation into how short film ideas are conceived. It examines Ant Plant as a case study of inspiration based in bio-art, the Australian bushfires of 2020 and critical plant studies. The Ant Plant is set in an apocalyptic near future, in a burnt environment. The Guardian seeking to regenerate near-extinct species summons her brethren to deliver rare plants to her at the Greenhouse. A young woman hears the call and sets off on an arduous journey to deliver the key to a conserved plant kingdom – symbiotic Ant Plant.
Két hét Tunéziában és Algériában
Authors: Mihályi Dorottya
Published: June 2022

Paul Sabatier’s journey (1896) in the French colonies Tunisia and Algeria illustrates how colonizer state takes advantage of tourists and tourism to contribute to the propagation of a positive image on the colonies. Participant of a scientific congress, Sabatier becomes “victim” of the organized travels with pre-fixed timetable and itinerary. Our article focuses on the particularities of Sabatier’s handwritten travelogue, richly accompanied by photos and drawings. It aims to highlight the typical tourist-behaviour at the and of the 19th century, the method of representing a culturally distant and exotic places in the light of colonial ideology, and the importance of photographical illustration in the early period of democratization of photography.
A Mezőhegyesi Állami Gazdaság a gazdasági reform tükrében
Authors: Pap Péter István
Published: June 2022

The state stud-farms, although established primarily for military purposes, are the most prestigious units of modern Hungarian agriculture. The Mezőhegyes estate – later state farm, even later food-industry and agricultural combine – is one of the oldest of these, founded in 1784. After the decline of the military use of horse, Mezőhegyes and the other stud-farms developed into a model farm-role, with research and development (as a laboratory for technical and scientific processes), but also as a production-oriented plant farm. In this role, it had particular importance during the Kádár era, especially in the context of the reform process that began in the mid-1960s. The programme, known as the New Economic Mechanism, aimed to build market socialism, and although it was stopped at the macroeconomic level in the early 1970s, it remained in force in the agriculture. During this period, a distinctive symbiosis developed between the economic- and agricultural policy and the state farms (led by Mezőhegyes): the state model farms were the showcase for the reform policy (that was repeatedly put on the agenda), while they received unprecedented infrastructure upgrading and state support. All this allowed Mezőhegyes to achieve hyper-intensive growth in production indicators and to use impressive technical equipment, but by the end of the period serious rentability problems had emerged. This paper take a broad overview of the ’company history’ of the Mezőhegyes State Farm, based on the above aspects, and will be structured according to the terms of office of the estate’s directors during the period.
Egy hon- és népismeret tankönyv néprajzi tájakról szóló fejezetének vizsgálata
Authors: Juhász Eszter
Published: June 2022

The present paper introduces a chapter in the textbook which used in ethnography in primary school. The topic of the chapter is a description of ethnographic landscapes and their characteristics. The method of research is content analysis. Using this method, I examined the occurrence of ethnographic landscapes and their role in the textbook chapter. The importance of the topic is to be found in the frequency of the landscape concept. In the study, I present the changes in the names of landscapes and the maps used in the textbook. I show how the lessons in the topic relate to ethnographic landscapes.
A török defterek topográfiai adatainak felhasználása, mint a településhálózat rekonstruálásának eszköze
Authors: Fóti Miklós , Pánya István
Published: June 2022

The National Archives of Hungary, the Research Centre for the Humanities and the Katona József Museum of Kecskemét have collaborated with the aim of reconstructing the medieval and early modern period settlement network and administration of the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve region. During the works all available medieval sources and Ottoman tax registers (including four sanjak surveys, four poll tax defters, three timar defters, and about eighty daybook registers) were processed. In parallel, a profound analysis of the medieval charters was carried out, as well as the topographic identification of the settlements with the help of historical maps and satellite images. The selected sample area was the Nahiye of Zombor and the Nahiye of Baja, which existed in the western part of the Sanjak of Szeged, roughly covering the territory of the medieval Bodrog county. Research has shown that mass analysis of defters results in far more topographic data than examination of individual defters. Using both medieval charters and Ottoman sources, we can reconstruct a more accurate picture of the settlement network of the sample area.
Protein-Ligand Binding Interactions of 4-Nitroimidazolium Salts with
Breast Cancer Protein: A Computational Biology Study
Authors: Satheesh Dhurairaj , Rajendran Annamalai , Chithra Kasi
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer is the most foremost cause of the most cancer demises in women. In normal cells,
BRCA1 and BRCA2 make certain the stability of DNA and also preclude hysterical cell progression.
Metamorphosis of these genes is related to the expansion of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.
Bearing in mind the lacunae of consistent and prospective medications to remedy the lifetime
intimidating most breast cancers, the present work has attention on molecular docking evaluation to
ascertain the prospective binding sites and binding energies of 1-substituted-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles,
nine protonated 4-nitroimidazolium cations and five aromatic carboxylate anions. Doxorubicin and
vinorelbine were also docked with breast cancer protein (PDB code: 3K0K) and the protein binding
sites of these standard drugs were also identified. The results exposed that among the docked
4-nitroimdazoles, 4-nitroimidazolium cations and organic anions were found efficient in binding
interactions and in wrecking the protein liable towards breast cancer.
Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Synthesized Pyrimidine-Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Majithiya J.J. , Bheshdadia B.M.
Published: June 2022

Some novel derivatives of 2,2′-(4,4′-(((4-(3-oxomorpholino)phenyl)-azanediyl)-bis(methylene))bis(1H-
1,2,3-triazole-4,1-diyl))bis(N-(4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide) have been synthesized from 4-(4-
aminophenyl)morpholin-3-one molecule by multistep process. The structures of all the synthesized
compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, infrared and mass.
The antimicrobial activity of these pyrimidine-triazole derivatives were also investigated against selected
bacterial and fungal strains in two different organic solvents (N,N-dimethyl formamide and dimethyl
sulphoxide).
Exploration on Clean Synthesis of Diphenylmethane Using Ionic Liquid: A Subtle Catalysis
Authors: Dhumal Vasant Madanrao , Shingote Savita , Rane V.H. , Bhandare Akshay , Tayade Kundan , Kelkar A.A.
Published: June 2022

In present work, Friedal-Craft alkylation of benzene using benzyl alcohol and dibenzyl ether (DBE)
has been investigated using Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst. It results in 99% conversion of
benzyl alcohol, depicting 61% selectivity towards diphenylmethane (DPM) using
[CSO3Hmim][La(CF3SO3)4] as a catalyst within 18 h. Using the same catalyst, 62% selectivity towards
DPM has been obtained with DBE as benzylating agent within 16 h. Effect of various reaction conditions
on the activity and selectivity was investigated using [C3SO3Hmim][La(CF3SO3)4] as a catalyst with
DBE as benzylating agent.
The European Union’s external action: views from the outside
Authors: Odermatt Jed , Wessel Ramses A.
Published: June 2022

While most studies in EU external relations law take an inside-out perspective, the question of how the EU and its external action is viewed from the ‘outside’ is hardly ever raised in EU legal scholarship. Yet studies from the outside can help us to understand how third States and international institutions perceive the (normative) role the EU aims to play. As the EU’s external action develops, the law governing the EU’s external action has indeed received greater attention from the ‘outside’. The articles published in this special issue were presented at a workshop on ‘The European Union’s External Action and International Law: A View From the Outside’ organised by the International Law and Affairs Group (ILAG) of the City Law School and the European Society of International Law (ESIL) Interest Group on the EU as a Global Actor. This introductory article sets the scene for a special issue drawing together various outside perspectives, examining the views from selected international institutions, cooperation frameworks, and non-EU States.
Educar lo invisible
Authors: García de Castro José
Published: June 2022

La pedagogía aparece como una interlocutora privilegiada para acoger y desplegar el discurso experiencial de la espiritualidad. Así, educar lo invisible tiene que ver con construir puentes inspiradores de sentido entre tanta actividad que cada día acontece en el centro educativo y los principios y valores que de manera silenciosa e invisible la espiritualidad ofrece.
La «Ratio Studiorum»: el modo nuestro de proceder en los estudios
Authors: Fuentes Nuño Òscar
Published: June 2022

El renovado interés por la pedagogía ignaciana invita a realizar una presentación y un análisis de la Ratio Studiorum, el modelo educativo desarrollado durante siglos por la Compañía de Jesús. Profundizamos en las etapas de su elaboración, hasta la promulgación del documento final en 1599. El mismo ofrece una organización detallada del currículo, una descripción singular del papel del profesorado y del alumnado y la aplicación de una particular metodología.
Regional institutions in global “south”: the rationale of regional institutionalization in south america since the 21st century
Authors: Heok Lee Tae
Published: June 2022

Particularly, beginning the 21st century the Political landscape saliently changed and shifted to debunk the notion of "the end of history" in South America. Several Latin American scholars including Bjorn Hettne, Osvaldo Sunkel, and Philippe De Lombaerde and the international organizations including United Nations for Latin American Economic Commission (UN ECLAC) have paid attention to the left-leaning governments which have eventually governed these states. In this vein, this study (as an initial step for the research proposal) attempts to understand the logic of (new) regionalism under globalism and particularly to contribute to its academic value. This study is mainly approaching the subject from a theoretical foundation in order to understand and then to apply the rationale of politically-oriented regional institutions.
Desempeño De los equipos en el fútbol profesional colombiano: un análisis in game.
Authors: Garza Nestor , Yunis Iván
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se evalúa el efecto que tienen la ventaja de campo y la calidad relativa en las decisiones y el desempeño in-game de los equipos del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano. Se realiza una variación conceptual al modelo Correia-Machado de recompensas en competencias pero se incluye explícitamente la ventaja de campo unida a la calidad relativa de los equipos como determinantes de su desempeño. Usando información de los torneos del año 2009, se encuentra que diferentes especificaciones de la calidad de los equipos no parece ser determinante en la toma de decisiones respecto al nivel de juego ofensivo; sin embargo, el jugar de local o visitante sí lo hace.
Heterogeneidad productiva y desigualdad en el Ecuador
Authors: Guzmán Espinoza Wilson Alejandro
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo se basa en el concepto de heterogeneidad estructural propuesto por Cepal y desarrolla el vínculo existente entre la hetero-geneidad productiva y la desigual distribución del ingreso para el caso de Ecuador con el objetivo principal de conocer en qué porcentaje esta última se explica por las diferencias en los ingresos entre estra-tos productivos. El principal resultado muestra que la desigualdad a partir de las diferencias de los ingresos entre estratos productivos se ha incrementado significativamente en las dos últimas décadas, pues si en 1990 se le atribuía el 6% de la diferencia en los ingresos labo-rales de los ocupados, justifica el 19% de dicha desigualdad en 2009.
Costos de mantenimiento de vivienda y tiempo de expansión de la ciudad como determinantes de movilidad urbana y pobreza
Authors: Pugliese Gisell , Forero Germán Augusto
Published: June 2022

Este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva teórica cómo juegan los costos de mantenimiento de una vivienda en la captura de rentas potenciales al propietario, en el deterioro mismo del inmueble y en la decisión del dueño de cambiarlo por otro. Mediante herramientas proporcionadas por la teoría marxista de la renta del suelo, se de-muestra que si el propietario no asume los costos de mantenimiento de la vivienda, pierde las rentas que potencialmente podría percibir y entretanto se empobrece bien por la obsolescencia del inmueble o bien por su inevitable desplazamiento a una vivienda de menor calidad.
Integración vertical y productividad: la intensificación de capital en Puerto Rico durante las décadas del 1960-1970
Authors: Liard Muriente Carlos
Published: June 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo utilizar la técnica de integración vertical como alternativa a las medidas de productividad tradiciona-les basadas en la metodología de Insumo-Producto. El esquema de Leontief sufre ciertas limitaciones, las cuales tienen como base la hipótesis de que los coeficientes técnicos son constantes. Los coefi-cientes técnicos pueden variar por causa del cambio tecnológico, el cual actúa de forma independiente sobre los coeficientes técnicos. Es por eso que el factor “tiempo” juega un papel relevante mientras que en el caso de la integración vertical, no se confronta este problema; cualquier cambio, ya sea por rendimientos de escala o por progreso tecnológico, solo causa un cambio en el coeficiente verticalmente inte-grado, sin alterarse la estructura del sistema. En el artículo se utiliza la economía de Puerto Rico como estudio aplicado. Derivamos los requisitos directos e indirectos de capital y trabajo respectivamente, y los máximos valores característicos (eigenvalores), utilizando las matrices de coeficientes técnicos, así como los vectores de empleo de la economía de Puerto Rico.
La relación entre los flujos de capital y el precio de la vivienda: el caso colombiano
Authors: Arrieta Barcasnegras Aquiles Antonio
Published: June 2022

El objetivo primordial de este artículo es probar si los flujos de capital conducen sistemáticamente al alza reciente en los precios de la vivienda en Colombia. Apoyado en el soporte teórico del modelo de Zanna (1996), se estiman dos modelos VEC aplicados a variables de carácter macroeconómico. Los resultados que se desprenden del análisis de las funciones impulso respuesta y descomposición de varianza, muestran que existe una evidencia débil para aceptar dicha hipótesis, por lo que se sugiere que las condiciones internas asociadas con la mayor regulación del sector hipotecario y con los fundamentales del precio son claves a la hora de explicar por qué los flujos de capital no juegan un rol tan activo como lo hicieron a finales de la década de 1990 y el por qué de los altos valores de las unidades residenciales en el país durante el último tiempo, respectivamente.
Procesos de integración regional en América Latina: un enfoque político.
Authors: Ahcar Sharon , Galofre Oriana , González Roberto
Published: June 2022

Este artículo aborda el tema de la Integración Regional en América Latina desde una perspectiva política, basando la investigación en las categorías de análisis propuestas por la teoría neofuncio-nalista. Se analiza la integración como proceso, la importancia del concepto de región, seguido por un desarrollo histórico de los procesos de integración en América Latina desde los años 50 a la actualidad, identificando factores que han incidido en el estancamiento de los mismos. Se evaluó la favorabilidad de las características actuales del sistema regional e internacional, al igual que los actores involucrados.
Crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano en Colombia (2000 – 2010)
Authors: Marrugo Arnedo Verena Del Carmen
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se presenta una descripción y análisis del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y del comportamiento de los indicadores de desigualdad, nivel de vida y pobreza. En ese sentido, se realiza un análisis que permite determinar el impacto que genera el creci-miento del PIB sobre el desarrollo humano en Colombia, durante el periodo comprendido entre el 2000 y 2010.Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación demuestran que durante la década el crecimiento del PIB no reflejó disminución de la pobreza en la misma proporción, lo cual evidencia que esta persiste. Igualmente, en materia de distribución de la riqueza, el análisis comparativo del coeficiente de GINI muestra que aún Co-lombia se encuentra por encima del promedio de América Latina.
Validación de un protocolo fotográfico digital para análisis macroscópico de la anatomía y colorimetría en madera de especies arbóreas de Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Juan Carlos , Arias Dagoberto , Figueroa Geovanni , Mata Erick , Zamora Nelson
Published: June 2022

Contexto: El proceso de digitalización de muestras de madera para su identificación y estudio ha tomado relevancia en la última década, por lo que es necesario considerar los aspectos fotográficos que generen representatividad de las imágenes con respecto a la muestra física. Método: Se utilizaron diez especies maderables con no menos de 10 árboles muestreados, de cada individuo se extrajeron cinco cubos de madera de 10 mm de arista y se fotografiaron con un estereoscopio con un aumento de 20X bajo cuatro protocolos de luminosidad. En el proceso se evaluó la variación del color (bajo las coordenadas L*, a* y b*), diferencial de color (ΔE*) y chroma (ΔC*), además de la densidad y diámetro de vasos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la luminosidad del 50% fue la que mostró la mayor similitud con la colorimetría de la madera, obteniendo valores de ΔE* inferiores a 6 en todas las especies y valores de ΔC* dentro del rango óptimo de 5 a 7. Con respecto a la parte anatómica, se dio el mismo comportamiento con las diez especies, encontrando que los tratamientos de luminosidad al 25 y 50% no mostraron diferencias significativas, mientras las luminosidades al 75 y 100% tendieron a subestimar los valores. Conclusiones: El tratamiento luminosidad al 25% es poco efectivo por el oscurecimiento de la superficie, mientras que las exposiciones al 75 y 100% tendieron a aclarar la superficie y subestimación de características anatómicas.
Análisis experimental de las características de emisión de motores diésel de baja cilindrada operando con mezclas de biodiésel de aceite de alga
Authors: Maestre-Cambronel Daniel , Orjuela-Abril Sofia , Duarte-Forero Jorge Eliécer
Published: June 2022

Contexto: La inminente preocupación en torno a la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero asociada a los motores de combustión interna ha motivado a la industria y la academia a proponer soluciones confiables para mitigar los efectos adversos de las maquinas térmicas. La sustitución parcial de combustible es una diversa, conveniente y prometedora tecnología que puede contribuir a minimizar los niveles de emisión.
Método: El estudio incorporó un montaje para pruebas experimentales de un motor diésel de baja cilindrada que permite controlar las condiciones de operación para evaluar el desempeño térmico, de consumo de combustible y de niveles de emisión. Se produjo una mezcla biodiésel de aceite de alga a un porcentaje de substitución del 5 % (AB5) y 15 % (AB15) a través de una técnica de transesterificación. La evaluación de desempeño se centró en el impacto de la relación de compresión variable y el margen de torque del motor.
Resultados: La implementación del aceite de alga como mezcla biodiésel redujo los niveles de emisión del CO, CO2 y HC en un 40-95 % en comparación con la operación autónoma de diésel comercial. En contraste, se incrementaron las emisiones de NOx en una proporción razonable (<45%). Se pudo obtener una minimización adicional de las emisiones de CO y HC al incrementar la relación de compresión, pero las emisiones de CO2 y NOx fueron negativamente afectadas. Adicionalmente, al aumentar la relación de compresión se incrementó la presión durante la combustión, lo cual mejoró el consumo de combustible y el desempeño térmico. Contrariamente, un mayor contenido de aceite de alga en la mezcla biodiesel redujo la presión dentro del cilindro, lo que aumentó el consumo de combustible y redujo el desempeño térmico.
Conclusiones: En conclusión, la implementación de biodiésel demostró ser una herramienta robusta para mitigar en gran medida las emisiones globales del motor. Los resultados negativos en cuanto a desempeño térmico y consumo de combustible son consecuencia de la alta densidad y la menor capacidad calorífica. Sin embargo, esto puede ser parcialmente contrarrestado al incrementar la relación de compresión del motor. La exploración del hidrógeno e hydroxy es alta recomendada para contribuir a mejorar el desempeño global de las tecnologías de sustitución parcial de combustible.
Análisis de estructuras de carga de dos tormentas eléctricas registradas por la red Lightning Mapping Array en el Magdalena Medio colombiano
Authors: Ardila Murillo Brandon Steven , Soto Ríos Edison Andrés , Argüello Barbosa Didier , Tello Rodríguez Heribert , López Trujillo Jesús , Montanyà Joan
Published: June 2022

Contexto: A partir de la ubicación de la red Lightning Mapping Array LMA en límites de los municipios de Barrancabermeja y Yondó en 2018, se han tomado datos ininterrumpidos de descargas IC y CG que ocurren sobre esta zona de estudio. Hasta el momento no se han caracterizado tormentas eléctricas en zonas tropicales como el Magdalena Medio mediante el uso de redes de mapeo de rayos de alta resolución y, por tanto, en este trabajo se determina la estructura de carga de dos tormentas registradas por la red Dabeiba - LMA los días 23 y 27 de noviembre de 2018.
Método: Basados en métodos de inspección, en la teoría del líder bidireccional, en las diferencias de propagación de líderes positivos y negativos y mediante un algoritmo de visualización de datos se definieron las alturas de los centros de carga de las tormentas estudiadas. Así mismo, usando información de la red LINET, se determinaron posibles descargas CG que ocurrieron en las ventanas de tiempo estudiadas con sus respectivas corrientes y polaridades.
Resultados: Ambas tormentas presentan una estructura tripolar; en la tormenta del 23 de noviembre la altura de la región de carga positiva inferior se localizó entre 5 y 7,5 km, la región de carga negativa se identificó entre 7,5 y 9 km y la positiva superior entre 9 y 14,5 km. Para el caso de la tormenta del 27 de noviembre, las regiones de carga positiva inferior, negativa y positiva superior se localizaron entre 4 y 6 km, 6 y 8,5 km y 8,5 y 16 km respectivamente.
Conclusiones: En general las alturas de las regiones de carga para ambas tormentas son similares a las encontradas por la red COLMA ubicada en Santa Marta, Magdalena. Se corroboraron líderes de rayos que alcanzaron alturas máximas de 15 km, un poco menores a las reportadas en la región norte de Colombia.
Nocturnal and crepuscular pollination of Passiflora morifolia (Passifloraceae): breeding system, floral biology and pollinators
Authors: Barbosa José Felinto , Moraes Paula Roberta , Silvério Adriano , Souza Luiz Antonio
Published: June 2022

The study of interactions between plants and animals is important for detecting the degree of vulnerability of species under the current scenario of forest fragmentation. The genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae) is widely distributed in forest formations in Brazil with about 157 species. Here we studied the pollination biology of Passiflora morifolia, a native species of Brazil that is widely distributed in the American continent. Floral biology observations, controlled pollination tests and the recording of floral visitors were carried out in an area of natural occurrence, a fragment of Araucaria Moist Forest, located in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The results showed that the species is self-compatible, with flowers that open at night and remain open and receptive in the morning. The greatest volume of secreted nectar was observed at the beginning of anthesis, when the flower released an intense sweet odor and received visits from nocturnal and crepuscular bees. The bees Megommation insigne and Ptiloglossa willinki were the first visitors to the opened flowers and also the main pollinators.
Elementary School Teachers’ Competence Development in Dealing with The COVID-19 Conditions: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Islam Sirajuddin , Indrawati Endang Sri
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the education system, leading to school closures and switching toonline learning with very short notice. In order to support the effectiveness of online learning, it is necessary todevelop teachers’ competence in the utilization and use of online media. The study aimed to investigate educators’teaching experience during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The three teachers who participated inthis study were recruited from the Gubeng 1 Public Elementary School in Surabaya. Interview transcripts wereanalyzed qualitatively by using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Data analysis raises threemain themes: 1) an overview of online learning implementation in elementary schools, 2) challenges in the teachercompetence development process, 3) support for teacher competence development. The results of this studyindicate the importance of developing teacher digital competence to increase the effectiveness of online learning.Support from related parties is also needed to encourage the success of online learning.
Peran Non Performing Asset, Capital Adequacy dan Insolvency Risk Terhadap Kinerja Bank
Authors: Anjani Nabila , Hersugondo H
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine whether Non Performing Asset, Capital Adequacy, and Insolvency Risk can affect bank performance. This study use size and age of bank as control variables. The data that used in this study are secondary data obtained from the annual banking financial statements dor state-owned commercial banks and private commercial banks operated in Indonesia from 2014 to 2018. Panel data regression is used to analyzed the hypothesis that has been determined for this study.The result of the study is Non Performing Asset that used the ratio of Gross NPA and Net NPA as the measurement indicators have significant and negative relationship to bank performance using ROA as the indicators. A significant negative relationship was also found in the relationship of Capital Adequacy and bank performance. Insolvency Risk determined by Z-Score indicates that the banks in this study included as safe area category which referred to a healthy bank so it has a significant relationship to bank performance.
Reducing Non Performing Financing Through Financial Ratios
Authors: Indriastuti Maya , Kartika Indri , Sulistyowati Sri
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate financial ratios in minimizing non performing financing (NPF) at Sharia Banks. The samples of this study were 11 Sharia Banks listed in Bank Indonesia in 2008-2018. The data were  analyzed by using multiple linier regression analysis. The result of this study showed that CAR, QPA, and OEOI have a significant positive effect on NPF.  Meanwhile, FDR variable has no significant negative effect on NPF. The results of this study are expected to provide information on the factors that can affect the NPF and how to control the NPF so that Sharia Banks can keep the ratio of NPF net to stay under 5%, this is to maintain the condition of the bank soundness level.
Analysis of the Effect of Work Compensation, Work Discipline and Motivation on Productivity of Employess On Tanggerang City
Authors: - Luthfi Maryandi
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted to examine the effect of compensation, work discipline, and motivation on employee productivity.this research was conducted at PT Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk. this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study are (1) compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity (2) work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity (3) motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity.
Cloud Mining Actionable Pattern Discovery In Big Data : A Survey
Authors: Tzacheva Angelina , Chatterjee Sanchari , Ras Zbigniew
Published: June 2022

Everyday several tons of data are generated by Social Media and Education sectors. Mining this data can provide a lot of meaningful insights on how to improve user experience in social media and how to improve student learning experience. Action Rule Mining is a method that can extract such actionable patterns from large datasets. Action Rules provide actionable suggestions on how to change the state of an object from an existing state to a desired state for the benefit of the user. There are two major frameworks in the literature of Action Rule mining namely Rule-Based method where the extraction of Action Rules is dependent on the pre-processing step of classification rule discovery and Object-Based method where it extracts the Action Rules directly from the database without the use of classification rules. Hybrid Action rule mining approach combines both these frameworks and generates complete set of Action Rules. The hybrid approach shows significant improvement in terms computational performance over the Rule-Based and ObjectBased approach. This paper gives a brief survey of previous works on action rule mining algorithms, and discusses Action Rule Mining on BigData and in a distributed environment. The applications of actionable action rules in BigData include business opinion mining, educational opinion mining, medical data decision support systems, text emotion detection, and social media data recommendations.
Lipschitz bounds for integral functionals with (p,q)-growth conditions
Authors: Bella Peter , Schäffner Mathias
Published: June 2022

We study local regularity properties of local minimizers of scalar integral functionals of the form

ℱ
⁢

[
u
]

:=

∫
Ω

F
⁢

(

∇
⁡
u

)

-

f
⁢

u

⁢
d
⁢
x

\mathcal{F}[u]:=\int_{\Omega}F(\nabla u)-fu\,dx

where the convex integrand F satisfies controlled

(
p
,
q
)

{(p,q)}

-growth conditions. We establish Lipschitz continuity under sharp assumptions on the forcing term f and improved assumptions on the growth conditions on F with respect to the existing literature. Along the way, we establish an

L
∞

{L^{\infty}}

-

L
2

{L^{2}}

-estimate for solutions of linear uniformly elliptic equations in divergence form,
which is optimal with respect to the ellipticity ratio of the coefficients.
Astrocytes: the neglected stars in the central nervous system and drug addiction
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Meng Shiqiu , Han Ying , Shi Jie
Published: June 2022

With the advent of improved tools to examine the astrocytes, which have been believed to play a supportive role in the central nervous system (CNS) for years, their participation in the operation of the CNS and drug addiction was unveiled. Assisting the formation and function of the CNS, astrocytes are involved in physiological and pathological brain activities. Drug addiction is a pervasive psychiatric disorder, characterized by compulsive drug-taking behavior and high rate of relapse, impacting individual health and society stability and safety. When exposed to drugs of abuse, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, contributing to the development of addiction. Here we review how astrocytes contribute to the CNS and drug addiction. We hope that understanding the interaction between addictive drugs and astrocytes may help discover new mechanisms underlying the addiction and produce novel therapeutic treatments.
An overview of the JCAMP-DX format
Authors: Davies Antony N. , Hanson Robert M. , Lampen Peter , Lancashire Robert J.
Published: June 2022

The JCAMP-DX format is the most widely used vendor-independent data standard in spectroscopy. Based on the ASCII character set, the first standard was published for infrared spectroscopy in 1988 and over the years additional standards have been published covering most of the major spectroscopic techniques. This paper provides an overview of the JCAMP-DX standards, including a brief historical review. This is followed by a basic description of the format, example applications and a discussion of its continuing evolution.
Functional gluten-free beverage elaborated from whole quinoa and defatted chia extruded flours: antioxidant and antihypertensive potentials
Authors: Sánchez Magaña Luis Martín , Reyes Moreno Cuauhtémoc , Garzón Tiznado José Antonio , Milán Carrillo Jorge , Gómez Favela Mario Armando , Cuevas Rodríguez Edith Oliva , Espinoza Moreno Ramona Julieta , Gutiérrez Dorado Roberto
Published: June 2022

The current market demands gluten-free (GF) foods with better nutritional/nutraceutical value. In this study, a functional GF beverage (GFB) from a flours mixture of optimized extruded quinoa (OEQ) (70%) and extruded defatted chia (EDC) (30%) was developed. To obtain OEQ, a central composed experimental design with two factors (extrusion temperature [TE] = 60 °C-140 °C and screw speed [VT] = 60 rpm-240 rpm) and three responses (antioxidant activity [AoxA], total phenolic compounds [TPC], and in vitro protein digestibility [IVPD]) was used. The optimal extrusion conditions for OEQ were 138 °C/138 rpm, and for EDC they were 147 °C/237 rpm (obtained in a previous work). The mixture had calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER) = 2.28 and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential (IC50) = 0.271 mg/ml. 200 ml of functional GFB contains 5.61 g of good quality protein, 6.13 g of dietary fiber, 88 kcal, and AoxA = 5091 µmol TE. The functional GFB is a healthy alternative for celiac people.
Physical and Fuel Properties of Bambusa vulgaris of Different Age Groups and Their Effect on Producing Biofuel
Authors: Antwi Kwaku , Appiah-Yeboah Joseph , Adu Sylvia , Adu George
Published: June 2022

Bamboo can be used to produce solid, gaseous, and liquid fuels, as well as to generate heat and biofuels for transport and electricity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the physical and fuel properties of Bambusa vulgaris in three ecological zones for their utilization potential for the production of biofuels. Thirty-six samples of Bambusa vulgaris culms from 3 ecological zones in Ghana were milled to powder to assess the physical and fuel properties. The physical properties; moisture content, high heating values, bulk density, density, and ash content were investigated. The fuel properties were based on ultimate analysis, carbon, hydrogen nitrogen, and oxygen. The mean moisture content (MC) for the green bamboo ranged from 68.8% (dead culm) to 148% (mature culm) and 168% (juvenile culm). The MC for dried samples ranged from 9.09 to 13.06%. The results showed that the % MC of the samples increased with decreasing values of high heating and ash content. The mean density of the matured bamboo culms varied from 616.84 to 641.68 kg·m–3 and dead bamboo culms from 609.01 to 632.72 kg·m–3. Marginal reduction in density was observed in dead bamboo culms across the three ecological zones as compared to the mature bamboo culms. This implies that when B. vulgaris overgrows, its density decreases. High heating values ranged from 16.12 to 18.14 MJ·kg–1. Bulk density determines the transportation and storage of biomass; it ranged from 0.12 to 0.52 g·m–3. The ash contents were within the threshold (≥3%) of European standard. The mean values for the ultimate analysis of carbon (48.46 to 53.31%), hydrogen (5.60 to 6.56%), nitrogen (0.58 to 0.61%), and oxygen (39.73 to 41.35) were higher. Fuel properties of Bambusa vulgaris are comparable to some wood types, lower to denser wood types, but higher than most of the herbaceous energy crops and agricultural residues. This means that Bambusa vulgaris may be a good feedstock for the production of bioenergy in terms of heat, charcoal, biogas, bio-power, and transportation fuel.