bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retroviral CRISPR-Cas9 System for Cellular Autism-Associated Phenotype Discovery in Developing Neurons
Authors: Williams Michael R. , Fricano-Kugler Catherine J. , Getz Stephanie A. , Skelton Patrick D. , Lee Jeonghoon , Rizzuto Christian P. , Geller Joseph S. , Li Meijie , Luikart Bryan W.
Published: May 2016

Retroviruses expressing a fluorescent protein, Cas9 and a small guide RNA are used to mimic nonsense PTEN mutations from autism patients in developing mouse neurons. We compare the cellular phenotype elicited by CRISPR-Cas9 to those elicited using shRNA or Cre/Lox technologies and find that knockdown or knockout (KO) produced a corresponding moderate or severe neuronal hypertrophy in all cells. In contrast, the Cas9 approach produced missense and nonsense Pten mutations, resulting in a mix of KO-equivalent hypertrophic and wild type-like phenotypes. Importantly, despite this mixed phenotype, the neuronal hypertrophy resulting from Pten loss was evident on average in the population of manipulated cells. Having reproduced the known Pten KO phenotype using the CRISPR-Cas9 system we design viruses to target a gene that has recently been associated with autism, KATNAL2. Katnal2 deletion in the mouse results in decreased dendritic arborization of developing neurons. We conclude that retroviral implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is an efficient system for cellular phenotype discovery in wild-type animals.
Metabolic engineering of a synergistic pathway for n-butanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shi Shuobo , Si Tong , Liu Zihe , Zhang Hongfang , Ang Ee Lui , Zhao Huimin
Published: May 2016

n-Butanol has several favourable properties as an advanced fuel or a platform chemical. Bio-based production of n-butanol is becoming increasingly important for sustainable chemical industry. Synthesis of n-butanol can be achieved via more than one metabolic pathway. Here we report the metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce n-butanol through a synergistic pathway: the endogenous threonine pathway and the introduced citramalate pathway. Firstly, we characterized and optimized the endogenous threonine pathway; then, a citramalate synthase (CimA) mediated pathway was introduced to construct the synergistic pathway; next, the synergistic pathway was optimized by additional overexpression of relevant genes identified previously; meanwhile, the n-butanol production was also improved by overexpression of keto-acid decarboxylases (KDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). After combining these strategies with co-expression of LEU1 (two copies), LEU4, LEU2 (two copies), LEU5, CimA, NFS1, ADH7 and ARO10*, we achieved an n-butanol production of 835 mg/L in the final engineered strain, which is almost 7-fold increase compared to the initial strain. Furthermore, the production showed a 3-fold of the highest titer ever reported in yeast. Therefore, the engineered yeast strain represents a promising alternative platform for n-butanol production.
Depressed visual field and mood are associated with sleep disorder in glaucoma patients
Authors: Ayaki Masahiko , Shiba Daisuke , Negishi Kazuno , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep and mood disorders and related ocular parameters in glaucoma patients. We focused on visual fields and the retinal nerve fibre layer, because decreased circadian photoreception by damaged intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells is suspected in glaucoma. A cross-sectional study was performed on 140 subjects: 69 with glaucoma and 71 normal controls. Individuals with cataract, dry eye, or retinal pathology were excluded from the study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations for glaucoma. Patients with advanced glaucoma had significantly worse PSQI scores than normal controls (P < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed PSQI was significantly correlated with the mean deviation in the worse eye, the number and frequency of medications and anxiety and depression subscores of the HADS after adjustment for age and sex (P < 0.05). We did not find a significant correlation between PSQI scores and the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer. In conclusion, the subjective sleep quality of glaucoma patients was correlated with visual field loss and mood status.
Wing-kinematics measurement and aerodynamics in a small insect in hovering flight
Authors: Cheng Xin , Sun Mao
Published: May 2016

Wing-motion of hovering small fly Liriomyza sativae was measured using high-speed video and flows of the wings calculated numerically. The fly used high wingbeat frequency (≈265 Hz) and large stroke amplitude (≈182°); therefore, even if its wing-length (R) was small (R ≈ 1.4 mm), the mean velocity of wing reached ≈1.5 m/s, the same as that of an average-size insect (R ≈ 3 mm). But the Reynolds number (Re) of wing was still low (≈40), owing to the small wing-size. In increasing the stroke amplitude, the outer parts of the wings had a “clap and fling” motion. The mean-lift coefficient was high, ≈1.85, several times larger than that of a cruising airplane. The partial “clap and fling” motion increased the lift by ≈7%, compared with the case of no aerodynamic interaction between the wings. The fly mainly used the delayed stall mechanism to generate the high-lift. The lift-to-drag ratio is only 0.7 (for larger insects, Re being about 100 or higher, the ratio is 1–1.2); that is, although the small fly can produce enough lift to support its weight, it needs to overcome a larger drag to do so.
Habitat heterogeneity and connectivity shape microbial communities in South American peatlands
Authors: Oloo Felix , Valverde Angel , Quiroga María Victoria , Vikram Surendra , Cowan Don , Mataloni Gabriela
Published: May 2016

Bacteria play critical roles in peatland ecosystems. However, very little is known of how habitat heterogeneity affects the structure of the bacterial communities in these ecosystems. Here, we used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes to investigate phylogenetic diversity and bacterial community composition in three different sub-Antarctic peat bog aquatic habitats: Sphagnum magellanicum interstitial water and water from vegetated and non-vegetated pools. Total and putative nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities from Sphagnum interstitial water differed significantly from vegetated and non-vegetated pool communities (which were colonized by the same bacterial populations), probably as a result of differences in water chemistry and biotic interactions. Total bacterial communities from pools contained typically aquatic taxa and were more dissimilar in composition and less species rich than those from Sphagnum interstitial waters (which were enriched in taxa typically from soils), probably reflecting the reduced connectivity between the former habitats. These results show that bacterial communities in peatland water habitats are highly diverse and structured by multiple concurrent factors.
Involvement of microbial mats in early fossilization by decay delay and formation of impressions and replicas of vertebrates and invertebrates
Authors: Iniesto Miguel , Buscalioni Ángela D. , Carmen Guerrero M. , Benzerara Karim , Moreira David , López-Archilla Ana I.
Published: May 2016

Microbial mats have been hypothesized to improve the persistence and the preservation of organic remains during fossilization processes. We test this hypothesis with long-term experiments (up to 5.5 years) using invertebrate and vertebrate corpses. Once placed on mats, the microbial community coats the corpses and forms a three-dimensional sarcophagus composed of microbial cells and exopolymeric substances (EPS). This coverage provides a template for i) moulding superficial features, resulting in negative impressions and ii) generating replicas. The impressions of fly setulae, fish scales and frog skin verrucae are shaped mainly by small cells in an EPS matrix. Microbes also replicate delicate structures such as the three successive layers that compose a fish eye. The sarcophagus protects the body integrity, allowing the persistence of inner organs such as the ovaries and digestive apparatus in flies, the swim bladder and muscles in fish and the bone marrow in frog legs. This study brings strong experimental evidence to the idea that mats favour metazoan fossilization by moulding, replicating and delaying decay. Rapid burial has classically been invoked as a mechanism to explain exceptional preservation. However, mats may play a similar role during early fossilization as they can preserve complex features for a long time.
Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I
Authors: Cojoc Gheorghe , Florescu Ana-Maria , Krull Alexander , Klemm Anna H. , Pavin Nenad , Jülicher Frank , Tolić Iva M.
Published: May 2016

Kinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. In the present study, we combine experiments and theory to explore the mechanisms of kinetochore capture at the onset of meiosis I in fission yeast. We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3–4 minutes. Our theory describes paired kinetochores on homologous chromosomes as a single object, as well as angular movement of microtubules and their dynamics. For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells.
Linking magmatism with collision in an accretionary orogen
Authors: Li Shan , Chung Sun-Lin , Wilde Simon A. , Wang Tao , Xiao Wen-Jiao , Guo Qian-Qian
Published: May 2016

A compilation of U-Pb age, geochemical and isotopic data for granitoid plutons in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), enables evaluation of the interaction between magmatism and orogenesis in the context of Paleo-Asian oceanic closure and continental amalgamation. These constraints, in conjunction with other geological evidence, indicate that following consumption of the ocean, collision-related calc-alkaline granitoid and mafic magmatism occurred from 255 ± 2 Ma to 251 ± 2 Ma along the Solonker-Xar Moron suture zone. The linear or belt distribution of end-Permian magmatism is interpreted to have taken place in a setting of final orogenic contraction and weak crustal thickening, probably as a result of slab break-off. Crustal anatexis slightly post-dated the early phase of collision, producing adakite-like granitoids with some S-type granites during the Early-Middle Triassic (ca. 251–245 Ma). Between 235 and 220 Ma, the local tectonic regime switched from compression to extension, most likely caused by regional lithospheric extension and orogenic collapse. Collision-related magmatism from the southern CAOB is thus a prime example of the minor, yet tell-tale linking of magmatism with orogenic contraction and collision in an archipelago-type accretionary orogen.
Restricted diversity of dental calculus methanogens over five centuries, France
Authors: Huynh Hong T. T. , Nkamga Vanessa D. , Signoli Michel , Tzortzis Stéfan , Pinguet Romuald , Audoly Gilles , Aboudharam Gérard , Drancourt Michel
Published: May 2016

Methanogens are acknowledged archaeal members of modern dental calculus microbiota and dental pathogen complexes. Their repertoire in ancient dental calculus is poorly known. We therefore investigated archaea in one hundred dental calculus specimens collected from individuals recovered from six archaeological sites in France dated from the 14th to 19th centuries AD. Dental calculus was demonstrated by macroscopic and cone-beam observations. In 56 calculus specimens free of PCR inhibition, PCR sequencing identified Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 in 44.6%, Methanobrevibacter oralis in 19.6%, a new Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis-like methanogen in 12.5%, a Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis-like in one and Methanoculleus bourgensis in one specimen, respectively. One Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 dental calculus was further documented by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The prevalence of dental calculus M. oralis was significantly lower in past populations than in modern populations (P = 0.03, Chi-square test). This investigation revealed a previously unknown repertoire of archaea found in the oral cavity of past French populations as reflected in preserved dental calculus.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Case-Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Chung-Yu , Liao Kuang-Ming
Published: May 2016

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common risk factors. However, there is limited information about COPD and CKD. This is case-cohort study was carried out using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate the correlation between COPD and CKD. We identified cases aged older than 40 years who had an inpatient hospitalization with a first-time COPD diagnosis between 1998 and 2008. Control were selected from hospitalized patients without COPD or CKD and were matched according to age, gender and year of admission at a 2:1 ratio. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of CKD and COPD. The overall incidence of CKD was higher in the COPD group (470.9 per 104 person-years) than in the non-COPD group (287.52 per 104 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio of case was 1.61 (P < 0.0001) times that of control. COPD was found to be associated with kidney disease from our follow-up. To detect CKD early, early diagnosis of CKD in patients with COPD and prompt initiation of monitoring and treatment are imperative.
Oocytes express an endogenous red fluorescent protein in a stony coral, Euphyllia ancora: a potential involvement in coral oogenesis
Authors: Shikina Shinya , Chiu Yi-Ling , Chung Yi-Jou , Chen Chieh-Jhen , Lee Yan-Horn , Chang Ching-Fong
Published: May 2016

To date,the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying coral sexual reproduction remain largely unknown. We then performed a differential screen to identify genes related to oogenesis in the stony coral Euphyllia ancora. We identified a clone encoding a novel red fluorescent protein cDNA of E. ancora (named EaRFP). Microscopic observation and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that EaRFP is almost exclusively expressed in the ovary of the adult coral. The combination of the ovarian-cell separation method and the RT-PCR analysis revealed that the oocytes, but not the ovarian somatic cells, are the cells expressing EaRFP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of EaRFP starts in the early stage of the oocyte and continues until the maturation period. Furthermore, recombinant EaRFP was shown to possess an H2O2 degradation activity. These results raise the possibility that EaRFP plays a role in protecting the oocytes from oxidative stress from the early to late stages of oogenesis. The present study provides not only the first evidence for the potential involvement of FPs in coral oogenesis but also an insight into a cellular strategy underlying coral sexual reproduction.
Interventions for waterpipe tobacco smoking prevention and cessation: a systematic review
Authors: Jawad Mohammed , Jawad Sena , Waziry Reem K. , Ballout Rami A. , Akl Elie A.
Published: May 2016

Waterpipe tobacco smoking is growing in popularity despite adverse health effects among users. We systematically reviewed the literature, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, for interventions targeting prevention and cessation of waterpipe tobacco smoking. We assessed the evidence quality using the Cochrane (randomised studies), GRADE (non-randomised studies) and CASP (qualitative studies) frameworks. Data were synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity. We included four individual-level, five group-level and six legislative interventions. Of five randomised controlled studies, two showed significantly higher quit rates in intervention groups (bupropion/behavioural support versus placebo in Pakistan; 6 month abstinence relative risk (RR): 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8); group behavioural support versus no intervention in Egypt, 12 month abstinence RR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–8.9). Non-randomised studies showed mixed results for cessation, behavioural and knowledge outcomes. One high quality modelling study from Lebanon calculated that a 10% increase in waterpipe tobacco taxation would reduce waterpipe tobacco demand by 14.5% (price elasticity of demand −1.45). In conclusion, there is a lack of evidence of effectiveness for most waterpipe interventions. While few show promising results, higher quality interventions are needed. Meanwhile, tobacco policies should place waterpipe on par with cigarettes.
The rapid determination of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in Dendrobium officinale using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Longhui , Zhang Zhimin , Zhao Xingbing , Zhang Sufeng , Lu Hongmei
Published: May 2016

NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods for rapid quantification of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity inDendrobium officinale.
Determination of tetraiodo-l-thyronine in human serum by competitive indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay
Authors: Gao Yilin , Deng Zhirui , Wang Quan , Chen Qin
Published: May 2016

Detection of T4 by the established CLEIA method.
Synergistic effects in ambiphilic phosphino-borane catalysts for the hydroboration of CO2
Authors: Tlili Anis , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela , Thuéry Pierre , Cantat Thibault
Published: May 2016

The benefit of combining both a Lewis acid and a Lewis base in a catalytic system has been established for the hydroboration of CO2, using ferrocene-based phosphine, borane and phosphino-borane derivatives.
Screening of a virtual mirror-image library of natural products
Authors: Noguchi Taro , Oishi Shinya , Honda Kaori , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Saito Tamio , Ohno Hiroaki , Osada Hiroyuki , Fujii Nobutaka
Published: May 2016

A novel approach for screening an unexplored mirror-image library of chiral natural products has been developed by using d-protein technology.
The synthesis, structure and reactivity of an imine-stabilized carboranylphosphorus(i) compound
Authors: Chan Tek Long , Xie Zuowei
Published: May 2016

An imine-stabilized carboranylphosphorus(i) compound has been synthesized, where the imine moiety serves as a σ donor and sterically demanding carboranyl ligand prevents the dimerization, which has been supported by single-crystal X-ray analyses, DFT calculations and reactivity studies.
Correction: Ambient temperature deposition of gallium nitride/gallium oxynitride from a deep eutectic electrolyte, under potential control
Authors: Sarkar Sujoy , Sampath S.
Published: May 2016

Correction for ‘Ambient temperature deposition of gallium nitride/gallium oxynitride from a deep eutectic electrolyte, under potential control’ by Sujoy Sarkar et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 6407–6410.
Photoinduced charge-transfer dynamics simulations in noncovalently bonded molecular aggregates
Authors: Medrano Carlos R. , Oviedo M. Belén , Sánchez Cristián G.
Published: May 2016

Real-time atomistic simulation of photoexcited exciton dynamics in non-covalently bonded perylene diimide aggregates.
Phase behaviour and conductivity of supporting electrolytes in supercritical difluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethane
Authors: Han Xue , Ke Jie , Suleiman Norhidayah , Levason William , Pugh David , Zhang Wenjian , Reid Gillian , Licence Peter , George Michael W.
Published: May 2016

We report new task-specific supporting electrolytes for use in supercritical fluid electrodeposition.
Cysteine containing dipeptides show a metal specificity that matches the composition of seawater
Authors: Belmonte Luca , Rossetto Daniele , Forlin Michele , Scintilla Simone , Bonfio Claudia , Mansy Sheref S.
Published: May 2016

Cysteine containing dipeptide metal affinities do not follow the Irving–Williams series but rather follow the concentration trends found in seawater.
Monomolecular adsorption on nanoparticles with repulsive interactions: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Pinto O. A. , López de Mishima B. A. , Leiva E. P. M. , Oviedo O. A.
Published: May 2016

In the present work, we study the adsorption of different monomolecular species on nanoparticles with different sizes and geometries using a grand canonical Monte Carlo method.
On the abnormal “forced hydration” behavior of P(MEA-co-OEGA) aqueous solutions during phase transition from infrared spectroscopic insights
Authors: Hou Lei , Wu Peiyi
Published: May 2016

During the phase separation of POEGA in water, C–H groups exhibit dehydration, whereas CO and C–O–C groups present “forced hydration”.
Hydrogen on silicene: like or unlike graphene?
Authors: Pizzochero Michele , Bonfanti Matteo , Martinazzo Rocco
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenation of free-standing silicene, the two-dimensional allotrope of silicon, is investigated in detail using first-principles methods and compared with the adsorption of H atoms on graphene.
Synthesis and structure–property relationships of phthalimide and naphthalimide based organic π-conjugated small molecules
Authors: Payne Abby-Jo , Hendsbee Arthur D. , McAfee Seth M. , Paul Devproshad K. , Karan Kunal , Welch Gregory C.
Published: May 2016

Six organic π-conjugated small molecules with a bithiophene core and aryl imide terminal units are reported. The impact of alky side chain length and topology, and aryl imide size on materials properties in solution and as thin-films was investigated.
Structural and surface coverage effects on CO oxidation reaction over carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles studied by quadrupole mass spectrometry and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Cheah Seng Kian , Bernardet Véronique P. , Franco Alejandro A. , Lemaire Olivier , Gelin Patrick
Published: May 2016

CO oxidation on Pt nanoparticles (average size of 2.8 to 7.7 nm) depends on the adlayer and surface structure.
Organically modified titania having a metal catalyst: a new type of liquid-phase hydrogen-transfer photocatalyst working under visible light irradiation and H2-free conditions
Authors: Kominami Hiroshi , Kitagawa Shin-ya , Okubo Yuki , Fukui Makoto , Hashimoto Keiji , Imamura Kazuya
Published: May 2016

2,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene-modified titania having palladium metal successfully worked as a hydrogen-transfer photocatalyst under visible light irradiation and hydrogen-free conditions.
Effects of ensembles on methane hydrate nucleation kinetics
Authors: Zhang Zhengcai , Liu Chan-Juan , Walsh Matthew R. , Guo Guang-Jun
Published: May 2016

With an exception for its critical nucleus size, the more the thermostat and barostat are used, the faster the methane hydrate nucleates and the lower its crystallinity is.
Surface modification of battery electrodes via electroless deposition with improved performance for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Lahiri Abhishek , Olschewski Mark , Gustus René , Borisenko Natalia , Endres Frank
Published: May 2016

A simple surface modification technique of a Ge electrode based on electroless deposition in ionic liquids is demonstrated. Using this technique, the Na-ion battery performance and stability could be improved.
Correction: The effect of recombination under short-circuit conditions on the determination of charge transport properties in nanostructured photoelectrodes
Authors: Villanueva-Cab J. , Anta J. A. , Oskam G.
Published: May 2016

Correction for ‘The effect of recombination under short-circuit conditions on the determination of charge transport properties in nanostructured photoelectrodes’ by J. Villanueva-Cab et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 2303–2308.
A practical guide to working with H2S at the interface of chemistry and biology
Authors: Hartle Matthew D. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: May 2016

Current methods for modulating and measuring biological H2S, as well as practical considerations for working with H2S are provided.
[N,P]-pyrrole PdCl2complexes catalyzed the formation of dibenzo-α-pyrone and lactam analogues
Authors: Suárez-Meneses J. V. , Oukhrib A. , Gouygou M. , Urrutigoïty M. , Daran J.-C. , Cordero-Vargas A. , Ortega-Alfaro M. C. , López-Cortés J. G.
Published: May 2016

Catalytic applications on direct intramolecular arylation was developed using a new family of palladium complexes that includes [N,P] ligands based on the pyrrole ring with α-phosphine and phosphole units.
The niobium oxoazides [NbO(N3)3], [NbO(N3)3·2CH3CN], [(bipy)NbO(N3)3], Cs2[NbO(N3)5] and [PPh4]2[NbO(N3)5]
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O.
Published: May 2016

Niobium oxotriazide, [NbO(N3)3], was prepared from [NbOF3] and Me3SiN3 and in subsequent reactions converted into oxoazidoniobates.
Correction: Single-molecule magnet behaviour in polynuclear assembly of trivalent cerium ions with polyoxomolybdates
Authors: Khélifa A. Ben , Belkhiria M. Salah , Huang G. , Freslon S. , Guillou O. , Bernot K.
Published: May 2016

Correction for ‘Single-molecule magnet behaviour in polynuclear assembly of trivalent cerium ions with polyoxomolybdates’ by A. Ben Khélifa, et al., Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 16458–16464.
Direct electrical and mechanical characterization of in situ generated DNA between the tips of silicon nanotweezers (SNT)
Authors: Karsten Stanislav L. , Kumemura Momoko , Jalabert Laurent , Lafitte Nicolas , Kudo Lili C. , Collard Dominique , Fujita Hiroyuki
Published: May 2016

Expanding sensor capabilities with direct DNA synthesis on the tips of silicon nano-tweezers (SNTs). The figure shows a DNA bundle between the SNT tips.
A continuous roll-pulling approach for the fabrication of magnetic artificial cilia with microfluidic pumping capability
Authors: Wang Ye , den Toonder Jaap , Cardinaels Ruth , Anderson Patrick
Published: May 2016

Magnetic artificial cilia capable of microfluidic flow generation fabricated using a novel roll pulling method with the potential for large-scale manufacturing.
Enhancing single-wall carbon nanotube properties through controlled endohedral filling
Authors: Campo J. , Piao Y. , Lam S. , Stafford C. M. , Streit J. K. , Simpson J. R. , Hight Walker A. R. , Fagan J. A.
Published: May 2016

Chemical control of the endohedral volume of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via liquid-phase filling is established to be a facile strategy to controllably modify properties of SWCNTs in manners significant for processing and proposed applications.
Three-component oxysulfenylation reaction: two simple and convenient approaches to β-alkoxy sulfides
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Zhang Rongxing , Ning Wei , Yan Zhaohua , Lin Sen
Published: May 2016

An unprecedented method for the synthesis of β-alkoxy sulfides via a NaI/HBr-mediated three-component oxysulfenylation reaction of alkenes with arylsulfinic acids and alcohols is reported.
Rhodium(i)-catalysed intermolecular alkyne insertion into (2-pyridylmethylene)cyclobutenes
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Matsumoto Takeshi
Published: May 2016

Multiply substituted benzenes were prepared by rhodium(i)-catalysed reaction of (2-pyridylmethylene)cyclobutenes with alkynes through an intermolecular alkyne insertion into the carbon–carbon bond of cyclobutenes.
A general photoinduced electron transfer-directed chemoselective perfluoroalkylation of N,N-dialkylhydrazones
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Jian , Wurm Thomas , Weingand Vanessa , Sung Hui-Ling , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: May 2016

The first metal-free, initiator-free, and general photochemical perfluoroalkylation of a variety of N,N-dialkylhydrazones was developed at room temperature in the absence of any external photocatalyst.
Surface functionalization of natural lignin isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller biomass by atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced anticancer efficacy
Authors: Jeyaraj Murugaraj , Praphakar Rajendran Amarnath , Rajendran Chinnusamy , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Munusamy Murugan A. , Rajan Mariappan
Published: May 2016

Lignin (LIG), one of the major natural polymers in the biomass is widely used for various industrial and biomedical applications, mainly in its modified form of grafted lignin.
An efficient mesoporous carbon nitride (g-C3N4) functionalized Pd catalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation reactions
Authors: Elavarasan S. , Baskar B. , Senthil C. , Bhanja Piyali , Bhaumik A. , Selvam P. , Sasidharan M.
Published: May 2016

Pd-nanoparticles on mesoporous nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (MCN) serves as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions.
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of metal–organic-framework perovskites [AmH][Mn(HCOO)3]: a first-principles study
Authors: Wang Xiangjian , Gou Gaoyang , Wang Dawei , Xiao Haiyan , Liu Yang , Zhang Ming , Dkhil Brahim , Ren Xiaobing , Lou Xiaojie
Published: May 2016

Novel multiferroic Metal–Organic-Frameworks (MOFs) [AmH][M(HCOO)3] are investigated in structural, electronic and magnetic properties using density functional theory.
Emergence of fluorescence in boron nitride nanoflakes and its application in bioimaging
Authors: Kumar Vijayesh , Nikhil Kumar , Roy Partha , Lahiri Debrupa , Lahiri Indranil
Published: May 2016

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoflakes show fluorescence and can be used for bio-imaging.
Hydrogen production by methane decomposition over Ni–Cu–SiO2 catalysts: effect of temperature on catalyst deactivation
Authors: Li Jiamao , Xiao Chao , Xiong Liangping , Chen Xiaojun , Zhao Linjie , Dong Liang , Du Yang , Yang Yong , Wang Heyi , Peng Shuming
Published: May 2016

The activities of 65% Ni–10% Cu–SiO2 catalysts under different reaction temperatures using route I and route II.
Mediator-free carbon nanotube yarn biofuel cell
Authors: Kwon Cheong Hoon , Park Young Bin , Lee Jae Ah , Choi Young-Bong , Kim Hyug-Han , Lima Márcio D. , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: May 2016

Mediator-free, microsized yarn biofuel cells are made by simple self-assembly. This system can provide power density up to 236 mW cm−2and an open circuit voltage of 0.61 V. The system maintained 84% of its initial power for 20 days.
AlCl3-mediated heteroarylation-cyclization strategy: one-pot synthesis of fused quinoxalines containing the central core of Lamellarin D
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Meesa Siddi Ramulu , Rajesham Bandari , Bhasker Boyapally , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Khan Aleem Ahmed , Rao Sagurthi Someswar , Pal Manojit
Published: May 2016

Pyrano[3,4-b]indole fused quinoxalines were synthesized via an AlCl3-mediated heteroarylation-cyclization method as potential anticancer agents.
Dual functional and multiple substituted fluorescent star-shaped POSS for a 1 + 1 > 2 explosive vapour detection
Authors: Gao Yixun , Xu Wei , Zhang Xiangtao , Fu Yanyan , Zhu Defeng , He Qingguo , Cao Huimin , Cheng Jiangong
Published: May 2016

A dual functional and multiple substituted fluorescent star-shaped POSS was synthesized for highly efficient NG and TNT vapor detection.
Novel bis- and tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes bearing a benzoyl group on each fluorinated 2-phenylpyridinate ligand aimed at development of blue phosphorescent materials for OLED
Authors: Okamura Naoki , Nakamura Taiyo , Yagi Shigeyuki , Maeda Takeshi , Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Hideki , Koseki Shiro
Published: May 2016

Novel blue phosphorescent bis- and tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with excellent PL quantum yields were developed, using fluorinated 2-(5-benzoylphenyl)pyridinate ligands.
Dispersed gold nanoparticles supported in the pores of flower-like macrocellular siliceous foams based on an ionic liquid as catalysts for reduction
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Chao , Sheng Xiaoli , Fang Jiasheng , Zhang Mingyu
Published: May 2016

A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of a flower-like macrocellular siliceous foam with a large and uniform pore size, using P123 and protic ionic liquid as the co-templates under acidic conditions.
Synthesis of cholesterol-reducing sterol esters by enzymatic catalysis in bio-based solvents or solvent-free
Authors: Lanctôt Adrienne Gallant , Attard Thomas M. , Sherwood James , McElroy Con R. , Hunt Andrew J.
Published: May 2016

Enzymatic synthesis of a β-sitosterol ester under solvent free conditions and bio-based solvents was compared with conventional solvents.
Uranium(iv) terminal hydrosulfido and sulfido complexes: insights into the nature of the uranium–sulfur bond
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael W. , Scheurer Andreas , Lamsfus Carlos A. , Heinemann Frank W. , Maron Laurent , Andrez Julie , Mazzanti Marinella , Meyer Karsten
Published: May 2016

We report the synthesis and characterization of terminal uranium(iv) hydrosulfido and sulfido complexes, supported by the hexadentate, tacn-based ligand (Ad,MeArO)3tacn3−.
Re-orienting coupling of organocuprates with propargyl electrophiles from SN2′ to SN2 with stereocontrol
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Debien Laurent
Published: May 2016

Diorganocuprate(i) reagents derived from lithiated heterocycles and CuCN react with enantioenriched secondary propagryl bromides to give the corresponding propargylated heterocycles.
A nickel cobaltate nanoparticle-decorated hierarchical porous N-doped carbon nanofiber film as a binder-free self-supported cathode for nonaqueous Li–O2batteries
Authors: Xue Hairong , Mu Xiaowei , Tang Jing , Fan Xiaoli , Gong Hao , Wang Tao , He Jianping , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: May 2016

Rechargeable nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have been considered a promising power source candidate due to their high theoretical energy densities.
High rate lithium-ion batteries from hybrid hollow spheres with a few-layered MoS2-entrapped carbon sheath synthesized by a space-confined reaction
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Yao Yuchen , Wang Jing , Song Xuefeng , Zhang Peng , Zhao Liping , Gao Lian
Published: May 2016

Hybrid hollow spheres with a few-layered MoS2-entrapped carbon sheath configuration have been synthesized by a one pot solvothermal method.
Ultrasmooth metal halide perovskite thin films via sol–gel processing
Authors: Kerner Ross A. , Zhao Lianfeng , Xiao Zhengguo , Rand Barry P.
Published: May 2016

We show that metal halide perovskite thin film formation is a sol–gel process which allows us to improve film morphology, achieving roughness ∼1 nm via process and additive engineering.
Film-through large perovskite grains formation via a combination of sequential thermal and solvent treatment
Authors: Zhang Fan , Song Jun , Zhang Linxing , Niu Fangfang , Hao Yuying , Zeng Pengju , Niu Hanben , Huang Jinsong , Lian Jiarong
Published: May 2016

We propose a reproducible fabrication method to prepare both flat and film-through grain distribution perovskite film by adding a pre-annealing step to strengthen perovskite nucleation, aiming to facilitate the excess CH3NH3I and solvent removal in the sec-butyl alcohol soaking process.
Double substitution induced tunable luminescent properties of Ca3−xYxSc2−xMgxSi3O12:Ce3+phosphors for white LEDs
Authors: Pan Fengjuan , Zhou Meng , Zhang Jinhui , Zhang Xuejie , Wang Jing , Huang Lin , Kuang Xiaojun , Wu Mingmei
Published: May 2016

The continuously tunable green-to-yellow emitting phosphor Ca2.97−xYxSc2−xMgxSi3O12:Ce0.03induced from Y3+–Mg2+double substitution exhibits potential applications for white LEDs.
High-performance fluorescent/phosphorescent (F/P) hybrid white OLEDs consisting of a yellowish-green phosphorescent emitter
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , Zhao Juewen , Yuan Shaolin , Zheng Caijun , Lin Hui , Tao Silu , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: May 2016

F/P WOLEDs with a high luminous efficiency and a high color rending index have been achieved by employing a yellowish green emitter.
Novel temperature stable high-εrmicrowave dielectrics in the Bi2O3–TiO2–V2O5system
Authors: Zhou Di , Guo Dan , Li Wen-Bo , Pang Li-Xia , Yao Xi , Wang Da-Wei , Reaney Ian M.
Published: May 2016

Temperature stable microwave dielectric ceramics were obtained for compositions with 0.45BiVO4–0.55TiO2sintered at 900 °C withεr∼ 86, aQf∼ 9500 GHz and TCF ∼ −8 ppm per °C. It is promising for both low temperature co-fired ceramic technology and dielectrically loaded micro-strip patch antennas substrates.
The arterial microenvironment: the where and why of atherosclerosis
Authors: Yurdagul Arif , Finney Alexandra C. , Woolard Matthew D. , Orr A. Wayne
Published: May 2016

The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the large and medium sized arteries is classically driven by systemic factors, such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure. However, work over the past several decades has established that atherosclerotic plaque development involves a complex coordination of both systemic and local cues that ultimately determine where plaques form and how plaques progress. Although current therapeutics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease primarily target the systemic risk factors, a large array of studies suggest that the local microenvironment, including arterial mechanics, matrix remodelling and lipid deposition, plays a vital role in regulating the local susceptibility to plaque development through the regulation of vascular cell function. Additionally, these microenvironmental stimuli are capable of tuning other aspects of the microenvironment through collective adaptation. In this review, we will discuss the components of the arterial microenvironment, how these components cross-talk to shape the local microenvironment, and the effect of microenvironmental stimuli on vascular cell function during atherosclerotic plaque formation.
The complex nature of oestrogen signalling in breast cancer: enemy or ally?
Authors: Lipovka Yulia , Konhilas John P.
Published: May 2016

The pleiotropic nature of oestradiol, the main oestrogen found in women, has been well described in the literature. Oestradiol is positioned to play a unique role since it can respond to environmental, genetic and non-genetic cues to affect genetic expression and cellular signalling. In breast cancer, oestradiol signalling has a dual effect, promoting or inhibiting cancer growth. The potential impact of oestradiol on tumorigenesis depends on the molecular and cellular characteristics of the breast cancer cell. In this review, we provide a broad survey discussing the cellular and molecular consequences of oestrogen signalling in breast cancer. First, we review the structure of the classical oestrogen receptors and resultant transcriptional (genomic) and non-transcriptional (non-genomic) signalling. We then discuss the nature of oestradiol signalling in breast cancer including the specific receptors that initiate these signalling cascades as well as potential outcomes, such as cancer growth, proliferation and angiogenesis. Finally, we examine cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the dimorphic effect of oestrogen signalling in breast cancer.
Wide‐band duplexer based on electrical balance of hybrid transformer having two notches
Authors: Park J. , Jin S. , Moon K. , Kim B.
Published: May 2016

A tunable transformer duplexer having two notches has been proposed and demonstrated for a broadband operation. The suggested duplexer using GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) technology shows isolations of over 55 dB at the transmitter (Tx) band and over 45 dB at the receiver (Rx) band across 145 MHz bandwidth. The insertion losses are −3.35 and −3.52 dB for the Tx band and the Rx band, respectively, for 500 MHz bandwidth. At all ports, the return losses are under −15 dB. The duplexer is tunable simply by tuning the four components. Although this broadband duplexer has a very compact size with tunable capability, its performance is comparable with the front end module integrated duplexer.
Miniaturised X‐band balanced microwave limiter based on thin film hybrid integrated circuit technology
Authors: Ai Jing , Zhang Yong Hong , Xu Kai Da , Yang Yang , Tian Yin , Joines William Thomas
Published: May 2016

On the basis of thin film hybrid integrated circuit technology, a miniaturised X‐band balanced microwave limiter with low insertion loss (IL), low spike and flat leakage power and short recovery time has been presented. The balanced circuit configuration improves the power capacity of the PIN diodes, provides the absorptive load for the reflected power and also effectively tackles the problem of suffering high incident power. The measured results show that the balanced microwave limiter could suffer a pulse with 150 W peak power and 3% duty ratio while the leakage power is <10 mW, and the small signal IL of the circuit is <1.4 dB in the frequency range from 8.8 to 9.8 GHz.
Compact multi‐band novel‐shaped planar monopole antenna for DCS, Bluetooth, and ultra‐wide‐band applications
Authors: Sambhe Vijay K. , Awale Rahul N. , Wagh Abhay
Published: May 2016

In this study, simple and compact novel‐shape planar monopole antenna for multi‐band operation such as DCS, Bluetooth, and ultra‐wide‐band (UWB) is proposed. Proposed antenna comprises of circular ring with extended rectangular monopole antenna in one of the arm of the circular ring and inverted L‐shape monopole antenna at the centre of the structure is placed to generate multiple resonances at different frequencies. In this structure, Bluetooth frequency band generates due to extended rectangular patch, DCS band by inverted L‐patch, and UWB bands due to circular ring. Easily available FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02 is used for fabrication with antenna dimensions (35.5 × 24.5 × 1.6) mm3. Antenna structure is fed through 50 Ω micro‐strip line and terminated by SMA connector. Measured return loss of the antenna is ≤−10 dB with effective control over the three operating frequency bands. In addition, some selected key parameters which affect the impedance bandwidth are analysed and results are discussed.
So klappt die Delegation
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: May 2016

Immer wieder stellt sich die Frage: Welche Aufgaben sind übertragbar? Grundsätzlich gilt: Es entscheidet die individuelle, konkrete Fähigkeit.
On the turbulent flow in piston engines: Coupling of statistical theory quantities and instantaneous turbulence
Authors: Zentgraf Florian , Baum Elias , Böhm Benjamin , Dreizler Andreas , Peterson Brian
Published: May 2016

Planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) and tomographic PIV (TPIV) measurements are utilized to analyze turbulent statistical theory quantities and the instantaneous turbulence within a single-cylinder optical engine. Measurements are performed during the intake and mid-compression stroke at 800 and 1500 RPM. TPIV facilitates the evaluation of spatially resolved Reynolds stress tensor (RST) distributions, anisotropic Reynolds stress invariants, and instantaneous turbulent vortical structures. The RST analysis describes distributions of individual velocity fluctuation components that arise from unsteady turbulent flow behavior as well as cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV). A conditional analysis, for which instantaneous PIV images are sampled by their tumble center location, reveals that CCV and turbulence have similar contributions to RST distributions at the mean tumble center, but turbulence is dominant in regions peripheral to the tumble center. Analysis of the anisotropic Reynolds stress invariants reveals the spatial distribution of axisymmetric expansion, axisymmetric contraction, and 3D isotropy within the cylinder. Findings indicate that the mid-compression flow exhibits a higher tendency toward 3D isotropy than the intake flow. A novel post-processing algorithm is utilized to classify the geometry of instantaneous turbulent vortical structures and evaluate their frequency of occurrence within the cylinder. Findings are coupled with statistical theory quantities to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of turbulent velocity components, the distribution of anisotropic states of turbulence, and compare the turbulent vortical flow distribution that is theoretically expected to what is experimentally observed. The analyses reveal requisites of important turbulent flow quantities and discern their sensitivity to the local flow topography and engine operation.
First beryllium capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Kline J. L. , Yi S. A. , Simakov A. N. , Olson R. E. , Wilson D. C. , Kyrala G. A. , Perry T. S. , Batha S. H. , Zylstra A. B. , Dewald E. L. , Tommasini R. , Ralph J. E. , Strozzi D. J. , MacPhee A. G. , Callahan D. A. , Hinkel D. E. , Hurricane O. A. , Milovich J. L. , Rygg J. R. , Khan S. F. , Haan S. W. , Celliers P. M. , Clark D. S. , Hammel B. A. , Kozioziemski B. , Schneider M. B. , Marinak M. M. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Robey H. F. , Salmonson J. D. , Patel P. K. , Ma T. , Edwards M. J. , Stadermann M. , Baxamusa S. , Alford C. , Wang M. , Nikroo A. , Rice N. , Hoover D. , Youngblood K. P. , Xu H. , Huang H. , Sio H.
Published: May 2016

The first indirect drive implosion experiments using Beryllium (Be) capsules at the National Ignition Facility confirm the superior ablation properties and elucidate possible Be-ablator issues such as hohlraum filling by ablator material. Since the 1990s, Be has been the preferred Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) ablator because of its higher mass ablation rate compared to that of carbon-based ablators. This enables ICF target designs with higher implosion velocities at lower radiation temperatures and improved hydrodynamic stability through greater ablative stabilization. Recent experiments to demonstrate the viability of Be ablator target designs measured the backscattered laser energy, capsule implosion velocity, core implosion shape from self-emission, and in-flight capsule shape from backlit imaging. The laser backscatter is similar to that from comparable plastic (CH) targets under the same hohlraum conditions. Implosion velocity measurements from backlit streaked radiography show that laser energy coupling to the hohlraum wall is comparable to plastic ablators. The measured implosion shape indicates no significant reduction of laser energy from the inner laser cone beams reaching the hohlraum wall as compared with plastic and high-density carbon ablators. These results indicate that the high mass ablation rate for beryllium capsules does not significantly alter hohlraum energetics. In addition, these data, together with data for low fill-density hohlraum performance, indicate that laser power multipliers, required to reconcile simulations with experimental observations, are likely due to our limited understanding of the hohlraum rather than the capsule physics since similar multipliers are needed for both Be and CH capsules as seen in experiments.