bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal approach in a child with ganglioneuroma: points of technique and literature review
Authors: Impellizzeri Pietro , Peri Flora M. , Arena Salvatore , Trimarchi Renato , Romeo Carmelo , Dionigi Gianlorenzo
Published: August 2022

Background data

Ganglioneuroma is rare in children and often incidentally discovered. The transperitoneal laparoscopic approach is the surgical choice for most of the surgeons because of the familiar anatomy and the wider working spaces. However, a posterior retroperitoneal approach started to be used in pediatric population demonstrating to be safe and effective.

Case presentation

We present a case of a child with radiological finding of a right adrenal mass. Due to the increased risk of having a malignant transformation, a surgical resection was decided using a retroperitoneal approach. The adrenal mass was recognized and completely enucleated. The histopathological examination revealed a GN. Clinical course was uneventful with hospital discharge after 3 days. The outcome was evaluated by ultrasound examination performed 3–6 to 12–24 months and then annually. After 24 months, the patient is completely asymptomatic, and no adrenal masses in both sides have been detected.

Conclusions

The posterior retroperitoneoscopy permits a more direct exposure of the adrenal gland, without violating the peritoneum, and a close vision to the main vessels. We believe that this technique is a valid option for pediatric patients with small adrenal lesions.
Ramadan fasting in hemodialysis population: single-center study
Authors: Emara Ahmed Abdelmoniem , Ghareeb Ahmed Hamed , Fayez Mahmoud , Elsharabasy Reem Mohsen
Published: August 2022

Background

Fasting Ramadan is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam. Although sick people are excluded from this duty, some of the hemodialysis patients insist to fast to enjoy the spiritual nature of the holy month.

Objectives

To monitor the tolerability of fasting Ramadan among the hemodialysis population.

Methodology

One hundred ninety-nine prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients participated in the study and were allocated to 3 groups according to their fasting decision (complete, partial, and non- fasting). Basic demographic and laboratory data were collected before the start of the holy month; monitoring any inter or intradialytic complications or events during the holy month was done in addition to dry weight monitoring before and at the end of the month.

Results

One hundred ninety-nine HD patients were included (97 males, mean age 45 ± 15 SD). Patients were divided based on their fasting state into 3 groups: compete fasting 28 (14%), partial fasting 88 (44%), and non-fasting 83 (42%). Out of 116 total fasting patients, only 4 patients (3.4%) developed complications (intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and muscle cramps) during dialysis. On the other hand, 3 patients experienced improvement of IDH; also, one patient reported improvement in dyspepsia. We noted a significant reduction in dry weight in the complete and partial fasting groups (P < 0.001 for both), unlike the non-fasting group (P = 0.75).

Conclusion

We may conclude that fasting Ramadan in hemodialysis patients whether complete or partial fasting may be tolerated by most of patients and was associated with a significant reduction in dry weight.
Response of Aswan cable-stayed bridge to spatial non-synchronous seismic excitations
Authors: Seleemah Maryam A. , Helam Mohamed S. , Abu-alenein Mohamed A. , Hammad Eslam B. , Goda Mohamed S. , Seleemah Ayman A. , Elkady Amr Z.
Published: August 2022

Cable-stayed bridges are important infrastructure facilities serving the world today. Therefore, their safety against earthquake ground motions is crucial. However, due to their long spans, the affecting seismic excitations might be spatially non-synchronous. This paper presents a study of the effect of non-synchronous seismic excitations on Aswan cable-stayed bridge located at southern Egypt. Nonlinear time history analysis was conducted on a three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge. The spatial variability was represented in terms of the wave passage effect which was simulated via different delay times between the arrivals of the ground motion to bridge supports. Results indicated that spatial variability of earthquake ground motion has, in general, a favorable effect on most bridge response parameters. This is attributed to the flexibility of the overall bridge provided by the flexibility of the bridge structural system and/or by existence of seismic isolation.
Abaloparatide Increases Lumbar Spine and Hip BMD in Japanese Patients With Osteoporosis: The Phase 3 ACTIVE-J Study
Authors: Matsumoto Toshio , Sone Teruki , Soen Satoshi , Tanaka Sakae , Yamashita Akiko , Inoue Tetsuo
Published: August 2022

Context

Abaloparatide reduced fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the Abaloparatide Comparator Trial In Vertebral Endpoints (ACTIVE). Its effect in Japanese patients remains unexamined.

Objective

This work aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of abaloparatide in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk.

Methods

This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in Japan. Postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis with high fracture risk were given daily subcutaneous 80 µg abaloparatide or placebo for 78 weeks (18 months). The primary end point was percentage change in lumbar spine (LS) BMD from baseline at the last visit. Secondary end points included time-course changes in LS, total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) BMDs and bone turnover markers, and cumulative number of fractures.

Results

Abaloparatide increased LS, TH, and FN BMDs (mean [95% CI]) by 12.5% (10.3%-14.8%; P < .001), 4.3% (3.3%-5.3%), and 4.3% (2.9%-5.6%), respectively, vs placebo. Serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide increased rapidly to ~ 140% above baseline at 6 weeks and gradually decreased but was approximately 25% higher than baseline at 78 weeks. Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen gradually increased to 50% above baseline at 24 weeks and decreased gradually to the placebo-group level from 60 weeks. Four vertebrae of 3 participants in the placebo group, but none in the abaloparatide group, developed new vertebral fractures. The safety profile was similar to that in the ACTIVE study.

Conclusion

In Japanese patients with postmenopausal and male osteoporosis with high fracture risk, abaloparatide for 78 weeks robustly increased LS, TH, and FN BMDs, suggesting a similar efficacy in Japanese patients vs the ACTIVE study population.
Circulating Exosomal circRNA_0063476 Impairs Expression of Markers of Bone Growth Via the miR-518c-3p/DDX6 Axis in ISS
Authors: Du Zhi , Yuan Jinghong , Wu Zhiwen , Chen Qi , Liu Xijuan , Jia Jingyu
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Idiopathic short stature (ISS), a disorder of unknown cause, accounts for approximately 80% of the clinical diagnoses of children with short stature. Exosomal circular RNA in plasma has been implicated in various disease processes. However, the role of exosome-derived circRNA in ISS has not been elucidated yet.

Methods

Plasma exosomes of ISS and normal children were cocultured with human chondrocytes. Microarray analysis and RT-PCR identified the differential expression of circRNA in exosomes between ISS and normal children. Hsa_circ_0063476 was upregulated or downregulated in human chondrocytes. Subsequently, overexpression rats of hsa_circ_0063476 was constructed via adenoviral vector to further validate the role of hsa_circ_0063476 on longitudinal bone growth via in vivo experiment.

Results

The plasma exosome of ISS children suppressed the expression of markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral ossification. Subsequently, upregulation of hsa_circ_0063476 in ISS exosome was identified. In vitro experiments demonstrated that chondrocyte proliferation, cell cycle and endochondral ossification were suppressed, and apoptosis was increased following hsa_circ_0063476 overexpression in human chondrocytes. Conversely, silencing hsa_circ_0063476 in human chondrocytes can show opposite outcomes. Our study further revealed hsa_circ_0063476 overexpression in vitro can enhance chondrocyte apoptosis and inhibit the expression of markers of chondrocyte proliferation and endochondral ossification via miR-518c-3p/DDX6 axis. Additionally, the rats with hsa_circ_0063476 overexpression showed a short stature phenotype.

Conclusions

The authors identified a novel pathogenesis in ISS that exosome-derived hsa_circ_0063476 retards the expression of markers of endochondral ossification and impairs longitudinal bone growth via miR-518c-3p/DDX6 axis, which may provide a unique therapeutic avenue for ISS.
A clinically relevant model of acute respiratory distress syndrome in human-size swine
Authors: Kaslow Sarah R. , Reimer Jonathan A. , Pinezich Meghan R. , Hudock Maria R. , Chen Panpan , Morris Mariya G. , Kain Mandy L. , Leb Jay S. , Ruzal-Shapiro Carrie B. , Marboe Charles C. , Bacchetta Matthew , Dorrello N. Valerio , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana
Published: August 2022

Despite over 30 years of intensive research for targeted therapies, treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains supportive in nature. With mortality upwards of 30%, a high-fidelity pre-clinical model of ARDS, on which to test novel therapeutics, is urgently needed. We used the Yorkshire breed of swine to induce a reproducible model of ARDS in human-sized swine to allow the study of new therapeutics, from both mechanistic and clinical standpoints. For this, animals were anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated, and pH-standardized gastric contents were delivered bronchoscopically, followed by intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide. Once the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) to fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) had decreased to <150, the animals received standard ARDS treatment for up to 48 h. All swine developed moderate to severe ARDS. Chest radiographs taken at regular intervals showed significantly worse lung edema after induction of ARDS. Quantitative scoring of lung injury demonstrated time-dependent increases in interstitial and alveolar edema, neutrophil infiltration, and mild to moderate alveolar membrane thickening. This pre-clinical model of ARDS in human-sized swine recapitulates the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic manifestations of ARDS, providing a tool to study therapies for this highly morbid lung disease.
Study on the Translational Diffusion of Transient Species in 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids by Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Authors: Nakajima Satoshi , Sumida Hiroki , Endo Takatsugu , Kimura Yoshifumi
Published: August 2022

Translational diffusion coefficients of two transient species in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (Cnmim+) with different alkyl chain lengths (n = 4, 8, 12) and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion were measured by transient grating spectroscopy. The systems of interest are the benzophenone ketyl radical (BPK) produced by the hydrogen-abstraction reaction of benzophenone (BP) and the zwitterionic merocyanine dye (MC) produced by the photoisomerization of 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (SP). The diffusion coefficients of BPK and MC closely obey the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation in the ionic liquids regardless of the alkyl chain lengths of the cations, whereas the diffusion coefficients of BP are larger than those predicted by the SE equation. The temperature dependences of the translational diffusion coefficients of BP, BPK, and MC reveal that the diffusional activation energies of BPK and MC are larger than those of BP in all solvents. The origin of this difference is discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions within the ionic-liquid solvents.
Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners
Authors: NUUTTILA OLLI-PEKKA , NUMMELA ARI , KORHONEN ELISA , HÄKKINEN KEIJO , KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Long-term development of endurance performance requires a proper balance between strain and recovery. Because responses and adaptations to training are highly individual, this study examined whether individually adjusted endurance training based on recovery and training status would lead to greater adaptations compared with a predefined program.

Methods

Recreational runners were divided into predefined (PD; n = 14) or individualized (IND; n = 16) training groups. In IND, the training load was decreased, maintained, or increased twice a week based on nocturnal heart rate variability, perceived recovery, and heart rate–running speed index. Both groups performed 3-wk preparatory, 6-wk volume, and 6-wk interval periods. Incremental treadmill tests and 10-km running tests were performed before the preparatory period (T
0) and after the preparatory (T
1), volume (T
2), and interval (T
3) periods. The magnitude of training adaptations was defined based on the coefficient of variation between T
0 and T
1 tests (high >2×, low <0.5×).

Results

Both groups improved (P < 0.01) their maximal treadmill speed and 10-km time from T
1 to T
3. The change in the 10-km time was greater in IND compared with PD (−6.2% ± 2.8% vs −2.9% ± 2.4%, P = 0.002). In addition, IND had more high responders (50% vs 29%) and fewer low responders (0% vs 21%) compared with PD in the change of maximal treadmill speed and 10-km performance (81% vs 23% and 13% vs 23%), respectively.

Conclusions

PD and IND induced positive training adaptations, but the individualized training seemed more beneficial in endurance performance. Moreover, IND increased the likelihood of high response and decreased the occurrence of low response to endurance training.
The Impact of Acute Calcium Intake on Bone Turnover Markers during a Training Day in Elite Male Rowers
Authors: LUNDY BRONWEN , MCKAY ALANNAH K. A. , FENSHAM NIKITA C. , TEE NICOLIN , ANDERSON BRYCE , MORABITO AIMEE , ROSS MEGAN L. R. , SIM MARC , ACKERMAN KATHRYN E. , BURKE LOUISE M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Although an acute exercise session typically increases bone turnover markers (BTM), the impact of subsequent sessions and the interaction with preexercise calcium intake remain unclear despite the application to the “real-life” training of many competitive athletes.

Methods

Using a randomized crossover design, elite male rowers (n = 16) completed two trials, a week apart, consisting of two 90-min rowing ergometer sessions (EX1, EX2) separated by 150 min. Before each trial, participants consumed a high (CAL; ~1000 mg) or isocaloric low (CON; <10 mg) calcium meal. Biochemical markers including parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum ionized calcium (iCa) and BTMs (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin) were monitored from baseline to 3 h after EX2.

Results

Although each session caused perturbances of serum iCa, CAL maintained calcium concentrations above those of CON for most time points, 4.5% and 2.4% higher after EX1 and EX2, respectively. The decrease in iCa in CON was associated with an elevation of blood PTH (P < 0.05) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (P < 0.0001) over this period of repeated training sessions and their recovery, particularly during and after EX2. Preexercise intake of calcium-rich foods lowered BTM over the course of a day with several training sessions.

Conclusions

Preexercise intake of a calcium-rich meal before training sessions undertaken within the same day had a cumulative and prolonged effect on the stabilization of blood iCa during exercise. In turn, this reduced the postexercise PTH response, potentially attenuating the increase in markers of bone resorption. Such practical strategies may be integrated into the athlete’s overall sports nutrition plan, with the potential to safeguard long-term bone health and reduce the risk of bone stress injuries.
Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast: improving the accuracy of imaging diagnosis and reducing unnecessary biopsy
Authors: Evans Andrew , Jethwa Ketan
Published: August 2022

Fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumours are fibroepithelial lesions of the breast. Fibroadenomas are common benign breast masses encountered both symptomatically and incidentally. Phyllodes tumours are uncommon and usually present symptomatically. Management of fibroadenomas focuses on reducing biopsies without missing cancers while radiological management of phyllodes tumours should focus on predicting the need for surgical excision with or without margins.
Study on the clinical correlation between the expression of serum TNF-α and iNOS as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Peng Shouning , Liang Changcai , Deng Shimin , Fu Yanbo
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To investigate the clinical correlation between the expression of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 102 patients with first-episode schizophrenia admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Hainan Province Anning Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were randomly selected as the observation group, and 102 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression level of serum TNF-α in each group, and the colorimetric method was adopted for detecting the expression level of serum iNOS in each group; Moreover, cognitive function of patients was assessed by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), disease burden was assessed by Family Burden of Disease Scale (FBS), and the correlation between the expression of serum TNF-α and iNOS as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden was analyzed by Pearson method.

Results: The serum levels of TNF-α, iNOS, trail making test scores and FBS scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05), while the scores of symbolic coding, verbal memory, maze, visual memory, and semantic fluency were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05); Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the serum levels of serum TNF-α and iNOS in the observation group were positively correlated with the trail making test and FBS scores respectively (p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the scores of symbolic coding, verbal memory, maze, visual memory, and semantic fluency (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Patients with first-episode schizophrenia have remarkably increased expression levels of serum TNF-α and iNOS, which is associated with cognitive impairment and disease burden.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5326

How to cite this:Peng S, Liang C, Deng S, Fu Y. Study on the clinical correlation between the expression of serum TNF-α and iNOS as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden in patients with schizophrenia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5326

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η συμβολή της ηλεκτροκίνησης, που βασίζεται σε ήπιες μορφές ενέργειας, στη βελτιστοποίηση της ποιότητας του ατμοσφαιρικού περιβάλλοντος και των βιοκλιματικών συνθηκών
Authors: Σπυρόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: August 2022

Η διδακτορική διατριβή εντάσσεται στο πεδίο βελτίωσης της ποιότητας του αστικού ατμοσφαιρικού περιβάλλοντος με τη χρήση ηλεκτρικών οχημάτων και καλύπτει δύο σημαντικά ερευνητικά κενά. Το πρώτο αφορά τη δημιουργία αναλυτικής μεθοδολογίας αναφορικά με την διεξαγωγή λεπτομερούς ελέγχου αξιοπιστίας, ακρίβειας και ανάλυσης πειραματικών μετρήσεων ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης σε επιλεγμένη περιοχή, με χρήση εξοπλισμού χαμηλού κόστους με ηλεκτροχημικούς αισθητήρες. Παράλληλα, αναπτύχθηκε ένα νέο λογισμικό ελέγχου ποιότητας και στατιστικής ανάλυσης δεδομένων ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης και μετεωρολογικών παραμέτρων από φορητές συσκευές και σταθερούς σταθμούς αναφοράς. Το δεύτερο αφορά τη διεξαγωγή πειραματικών μετρήσεων με ένα σύγχρονο ηλεκτρικό όχημα και τη διερεύνηση για τη βελτιστοποίηση της συμβολής του τομέα ηλεκτροκίνησης στην ποιότητα του ατμοσφαιρικού περιβάλλοντος με τον περιορισμό των βασικότερων ρύπων, καθώς επίσης και των εκπομπών CO2. Ειδικότερα, μέσω μοντελοποίησης των δεδομένων, προκύπτει η πρόβλεψη σε ετήσια βάση της σύστασης του στόλου επιβατικών οχημάτων, οι αναμενόμενες εκπομπές αέριων ρυπαντών και CO2 μέχρι το 2030, ανά καύσιμο και κατηγορία οχήματος, στον τομέα μεταφορών. Επιπροσθέτως, πραγματοποιήθηκε η σύγκριση ηλεκτρικών οχημάτων με συμβατικά οχήματα, η πρόβλεψη ζήτησης ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας από τα ηλεκτρικά οχήματα σε ετήσια βάση έως το 2030, καθώς και ο υπολογισμός των ετήσιων εκλυόμενων ρύπων από τον τομέα ηλεκτροπαραγωγής ανά καταναλισκόμενη kWh, ανά τύπο ηλεκτρικού οχήματος. Ακολούθως, πραγματοποιήθηκε πειραματική μελέτη για τη διερεύνηση των θερμικών εκπομπών ηλεκτρικών οχημάτων σε σύγκριση με συμβατικά οχήματα, καθώς και η συμβολή τους στην μείωση της έντασης του φαινομένου της αστικής θερμονησίδας. Τέλος, τόσο για τον τομέα ηλεκτροκίνησης, όσο και για τον τομέα ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης, προτείνονται μελλοντικές πολιτικές και δράσεις για τη βελτιστοποίηση της ποιότητας του ατμοσφαιρικού περιβάλλοντος.
The Hybrid Excess and Decay (HED) model: an automated approach to characterising changes in the photoplethysmography pulse waveform
Authors: Williamson Simon , Daniel-Watanabe Lucie , Finnemann Johanna , Powell Craig , Teed Adam , Allen Micah , Paulus Martin , Khalsa Sahib S. , Fletcher Paul C.
Published: August 2022

Photoplethysmography offers a widely used, convenient and non-invasive approach to monitoring basic indices of cardiovascular function, such as heart rate and blood oxygenation. Systematic analysis of the shape of the waveform generated by photoplethysmography might be useful to extract estimates of several physiological and psychological factors influencing the waveform. Here, we developed a robust and automated method for such a systematic analysis across individuals and across different physiological and psychological contexts. We describe a psychophysiologically-relevant model, the Hybrid Excess and Decay (HED) model, which characterises pulse wave morphology in terms of three underlying pressure waves and a decay function. We present the theoretical and practical basis for the model and demonstrate its performance when applied to a pharmacological dataset of 105 participants receiving intravenous administrations of the sympathomimetic drug isoproterenol (isoprenaline). We show that these parameters capture photoplethysmography data with a high degree of precision and, moreover, are sensitive to experimentally-induced changes in interoceptive arousal within individuals. We conclude by discussing the possible value in using the HED model as a complement to standard measures of photoplethysmography signals.
Exploring the ways communication technology is used by midwives and pregnant women/people: An integrative review
Authors: Wakelin Karen , McAra-Couper Judith , Fleming Tania , Erlam Gwen
Published: August 2022

Background: Pregnant women/people globally are increasingly using digital technology such as texting, emailing, instant messaging, pregnancy applications, social media and the internet to access information about their pregnancy. There is little information, however, on how the technology is used to enable midwives and pregnant women/people to communicate with each other and what effect this may have on the quality of maternal and newborn health within Aotearoa New Zealand. Aim: To explore the literature on how communication technology has been used to enable midwives and pregnant women/people to connect with each another. Method: An integrative literature review of peer reviewed studies between 2010 and 2021 was undertaken to explore how communication technology was used to enable midwives and pregnant women/people to connect with each another. The initial search elicited 450 articles, of which five met the inclusion criteria. These were then assessed using the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist. Results: The five relevant studies were summarised using an evidence table to enable comparison of themes or relationships between the studies. Four main themes were identified: (1) connecting, (2) access to healthcare, (3) privacy and confidentiality, and (4) lack of skills and knowledge. Using communication technology appeared to provide a safe space for information sharing within which pregnant women/people and midwives could connect. A feeling of connection was important, in supporting the pregnant woman/person in their access to maternity services. This emotional connection was enabled regardless of whether the pregnant person and midwife were known to each other. However, concerns were identified relating to issues of privacy, and the skills pregnant women/people and midwives needed to access and use the technology. Conclusion: Gaps in the published literature were highlighted through undertaking this integrative literature review. The first was in the understanding of how midwives and pregnant women/people use communication technology when communicating with one another, and the second was in how communication technology is used within a midwifery continuity of care model.
Kultura materialna Kliszczaków w ujęciu dialektologicznym i etnograficznym na tle gwar Małopolski południowej. Nazwy części wozu. Wprowadzenie
Authors: Kąś Józef
Published: August 2022

THE DIALECTOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF KLISZCZAK GORALS, AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF DIALECTS OF SOUTHERN MAŁOPOLSKA:NAMES OF WAGON PARTS: INTRODUCTION The article presents dialectal terminology related to the construction of wagons. Discussed in it is the terminology from the Kliszczak dialect against the background of other dialects of southern Małopolska. The analysis concerns not only the dialectal terminology itself, but also the evolution of the wagon technology. The linguistic description is supplemented with rich iconography which reveals the construction connections between the technical elements. The article, which is is treated as the result of a survey, records 690 unique dialectal terms, attesting to the significant variation between the dialects of southern Małopolska. The collected linguistic material indicates the need for further detailed research in this field.
Czego na temat Więciórki i jej gwary można dowiedzieć się z Porównawczego słownika trzech wsi małopolskich Mariana Kucały i zastosowanego w tym dziele układu tematycznego?
Authors: Batko-Tokarz Barbara
Published: August 2022

WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM THE COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY OF THREE VILLAGES IN MAŁOPOLSKA BY MARIAN KUCAŁA AND ITS TOPICAL ARRANGEMENT Marian Kucała’s 1957 Comperative dictionary of three villages in Malopolska is the bestknown dialect dictionary arranged by topic. It presents a comprehensive analysis of lexical material from Więciórka, a village in the Myślenice district which is currently considered as belonging to the Kliszczak dialect area. The collected material was compared with the local varieties spoken in two other villages of Małopolska, which made it possible among others to identify those lexical items that are unique to Więciórka. The current article aims to collect and analyse the information that Kucała’s dictionary supplies on this Kliszczak variety, so as to show its richness and diversity that still existed relatively recently. The analysis is equally based on the overall structure of the dictionary, the types of entries it contains, as well as various indexes included therein, such as the register of proper names pertaining to the village, or the list of lexemes not used by the inhabitants of Więciórka who only speak the local variety. To this end, the author has undertaken a semantic classification of alphabetically arranged lexical items, both those unique to this variety and those alien to it. The research discussed here may therefore become a starting point for further comparative analyses of the vocabulary of contemporary Kliszczak varieties.
Kliszczacy – między etnograficzną kreacją a współczesnym projektem tożsamościowym
Authors: Ceklarz Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

KLISZCZAK GORALS – BETWEEN AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CREATION AND A CONTEMPORARY IDENTITY PROJECT The article discusses the phenomenon and transformations of Kliszczak Goral identity and self-awareness in the light of 19th- and 20th-century ethnographic theories about the demarcation and the diversity of the communities inhabiting the Carpathian Mountains. In the first part of the article the author oulines the most important views on the ethnographic divisions of Polish Gorals and the criteria underlying them. The complex and ambiguous etymology of the name Kliszczak is then discussed along with the fact that it is unknown among the carriers of the cultural heritage which ethnographers associate with this particular community. In the second part of the article currently observed identity-forming activities are analysed, including those undertaken at the institutional level and managed by local government organisations as well as individual and grass-roots enterprises initiated by individuals interested in their own history and regional roots. The aim of these initiatives is to further our understanding and document local heritage, and, in this way, to develop a cultural identity under one recognisable label Kliszczak Gorals.
„Co kóń zobacył, to nie wiadomo…” – opowieści wierzeniowe jako element budowania tożsamości kliszczackiej
Authors: Karpeta Paulina , Radziszewska Olga
Published: August 2022

“CO KÓŃ ZOBACYŁ, TO NIE WIADOMO…” [WHAT THE HORSE SAW IS UNKNOWN] – BELIEF TALES AS AN ELEMENT OF KLISZCZAK IDENTITY The article presents selected belief tales, a genre of folk tales, recorded in villages in the Myślenice district during dialectological fieldwork in 2019. The authors observe that collecting such artifacts of oral culture and analyzing them in terms of the axiological system inherent in them may contribute to the development of a sense of identity within the ethnographic group referred to as the Kliszczak Gorals. In the stories, well-known fairy tale motifs are set in the geography of the Myślenice district, which is familiar to the inhabitants, and their heroes are characters with whom the Kliszczak Gorals can identify.
Passenger-Centric Slot Allocation at Schedule-Coordinated Airports
Authors: Birolini Sebastian , Jacquillat Alexandre , Schmedeman Phillip , Ribeiro Nuno
Published: August 2022

Schedule coordination is the primary form of demand management used at busy airports. At its core, slot allocation involves a highly complex combinatorial problem. In response, optimization models have been developed to minimize the displacement of flight schedules from airline requests, subject to physical and administrative constraints. Existing approaches, however, may not result in the best itineraries for passengers. This paper proposes an original passenger-centric approach to airport slot allocation to maximize available itineraries and minimize connecting times. Because of the uncertainty regarding passenger demand, the proposed approach combines predictive analytics to forecast passenger flows in flight networks from historical data and prescriptive analytics to optimize airport slot assignments in view of flight-centric and passenger-centric considerations. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonconvex optimization model. To solve it, we propose an approximation scheme that alternates between flight-scheduling and passenger-accommodation modules and embed it into a large-scale neighborhood search algorithm. Using real-world data from the Singapore Changi and Lisbon Airports, we show that the proposed model and algorithm return solutions in acceptable computational times. Results suggest that slot-allocation outcomes can be made much more consistent with passenger flows at a relatively small cost in terms of flight displacement. Ultimately, this paper provides a new paradigm that can create more attractive flight schedules by bringing together airport-level considerations, airline-level considerations, and, for the first time, passenger-level considerations.

Funding: Financial support from the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore [Project on Airfield Management and Economics] is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1165 .
COVİD-19 Salgını Sürecinde 3-9 Yaş Arasındaki Çocukların Ekran Maruziyet Süresinin Belirlenmesi ve Ekran Maruziyetine Etki Eden Etmenlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: TÜRE Şenay , VELİPAŞAOĞLU Sevtap
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Türkiye’de ilk COVİD-19 vakası 11 Mart 2020’de tespit edilmiş ve salgının ilerleyişini önlemek için hızlıca tedbirler alınmaya başlanmıştır. COVİD-19 pandemi süresi boyunca çocuklara getirilen sokağa çıkma yasağı, okulların kapatılması ve salgının seyrine göre periyodik olarak yasakların güncelleştirilmesi ile çocuklar gün içerisinde zorunlu olarak evlerde daha fazla zaman geçirmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’deki 3-9 yaş arasındaki çocukların ekran süresini nasıl etkilenmiş olduğunu belirlemek ve ekran süresine etki eden etmenlerin neler olduğunu incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte bir çalışma olup 3 Mayıs 2020-30 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Türkiye genelinde çevrim içi anket formunun ulaştırılabildiği, 3-9 yaş arasında çocuğu olup anketi dolduran ebeveynler araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 3-9 yaş aralığında çocuğu olan 9483 ebeveyn katıldı. Çalışmaya katılan çocukların %82.9’unun pandemi öncesi dönem ile kıyaslandığında ekran süresinin artmış olduğu saptandı. Ekran süresindeki ortalama artış 150.84±95.842 dakika/gündü. Katılımcıların %74.9’unda (n=5122) artışın günde bir saatten fazla olduğu gözlendi. Pandemi döneminde belirtilen tarihlerde çalışmaya katılan çocukların günlük ortalama ekran süresi 193.2±123.8, ortalama çevrim içi eğitim süresi 66.8±62.2, çevrim içi eğitimden farklı bir nedenle ekran süresi 133±121.2 dakikaydı. Ebeveynin ekran süresi planının olmaması, ekranı ebeveyn kontrolünde izlememek, ebeveynin çocukla temel aktivitesinin ekran aracılı olması, çocuğun ekran kullanımındaki temel amacının oyun/eğlence olması artan ekran süresi ile ilişkili bulundu.
Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde çocukların önemli bir kısmının günlük ekran süresi artmıştır ve ekran karşısında geçirdikleri süre oldukça fazladır. Yaş gruplarına göre çocukların ekran kullanım amacı ve bu amaca yönelik olan ekran süreleri de değişiklik göstermektedir. Ebeveynlerin tutum ve davranışlarının pandemi döneminde çocukların ekran süresi ile ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Microservices Identification in Monolith Systems: Functionality Redesign Complexity and Evaluation of Similarity Measures
Authors: Santos Samuel , Silva António Rito
Published: August 2022

As monolithic applications grow in size and complexity, they tend to show symptoms of monolithic hell, such as scalability and maintainability problems. To help suppressing these problems, the microservices architectural style is applied. However, identifying the services within the monolith is not an easy task, and current research approaches emphasize different qualities of microservices. In this paper we present an approach for the automatic identification of microservices, which minimizes the cost of the monolith’s functionalities redesign. The decompositions are generated based on similarity measures between the persistent domain entities of the monolith. An extensive analysis of the decompositions generated for 121 monolith systems is done. As result of the analysis we conclude that there is not a similarity measure, neither a combination of similarity measures, that provides better decomposition results in terms of complexity associated with the functionalities migration. However, we prove that it is possible to follow an incremental migration process of monoliths. Additionally, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between coupling and complexity, and that it is not possible to conclude on the existence of a correlation between cohesion and complexity.
Study on forbidden pitch in plasmonic lithography: taking 365 nm wavelength thin silver film-based superlens imaging lithography as an example
Authors: Ding Huwen , Liu Lihong , Dong Lisong , Han Dandan , Fan Taian , Zhang Libin , Wei Yayi
Published: August 2022

Plasmonic lithography can make the evanescent wave at the mask be resonantly amplified by exciting surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and participate in imaging, which can break through the diffraction limit in conventional lithography. It provides a reliable technical way for the study of low-cost, large-area and efficient nanolithography technology. However, there is also a phenomenon in plasmonic lithography similar to the forbidden pitch in conventional projection lithography. In this paper, combined with the imaging model and the optical transfer function (OTF), the theoretical analysis points out the reasons for the existence of the phenomenon of forbidden pitch in plasmonic lithography. Taking the 365 nm wavelength Ag thin film-based superlens imaging lithography as an example, the positions of the forbidden pitches of the 1:1 mask, the bright-field mask and the dark-field mask are calculated separately, and the key factors affecting their positions are pointed out. Simulation is carried out through commercial software, and the correctness of theoretical analysis is verified. Finally, we summarize and give some possible suggestions for solving this problem, including exploring better illumination methods, avoiding the patterns with forbidden pitch in the design, or by adding assistant feature to the design.
Towards efficient structure prediction and pre-compensation in multi-photon lithography: publisher’s note
Authors: Lang Nicolas , Enns Sven , Hering Julian , Freymann Georg Von
Published: August 2022

This publisher’s note contains a correction to [Opt. Express 30, 28805 (2022)10.1364/OE.462775].
Ultrafast light emission at telecom wavelengths from a wafer-scale monolayer graphene enabled by Fabry–Perot interferences
Authors: Lu Kunze , Luo Manlin , Wang Yadong , Son Bongkwon , Yu Yi , Nam Donguk
Published: August 2022

Ultrafast light emission from monolayer graphene shows attractive potential for developing integrated light sources for next-generation graphene-based electronic–photonic integrated circuits. In particular, graphene light sources operating at the telecom wavelengths are highly desired for the implementation of graphene-based ultrahigh-speed optical communication. Currently, most of the studies on ultrafast light emission from graphene have been performed in the visible spectrum, while studies on ultrafast emission at the telecom wavelengths remain scarce. Here, we present experimental observations of strong ultrafast thermal emission at telecom wavelengths from wafer-scale monolayer graphene. Our results show that the emission spectra can be strongly modified by the presence of the cavity effect to produce an enhanced emission at telecom wavelengths. We corroborate our experimental results with simulations and show that by designing a suitable cavity thickness, one can easily tune the emission profile from visible to telecom wavelength regardless of the pump power. In addition, we demonstrate that the insertion of a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride between graphene and the substrate helps improve the thermal stability of graphene, thereby providing more than five times enhancement of the ultrafast thermal emission. Our results provide a potential solution for stable on-chip nanoscale light sources with ultrahigh speed modulation.
Facilitating behavioral change: A comparative assessment of ASHA efficacy in rural Bihar
Authors: Burger Oskar , Hashmi Faiz , Dańko Maciej J. , Akhauri Santosh , Chaudhuri Indrajit , Little Emily , Lunkenheimer Hannah G. , Mondal Sudipta , Mor Nachiket , Saldanha Neela , Schooley Janine , Singh Palash , Johnson Tracy , Legare Cristine H.
Published: August 2022

Community health worker (CHW) programs are essential for expanding health services to many areas of the world and improving uptake of recommended behaviors. One of these programs, called Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), was initiated by the government of India in 2005 and now has a workforce of about 1 million. ASHAs primarily focus on improving maternal and child health but also support other health initiatives. Evaluations of ASHA efficacy have found a range of results, from negative, to mixed, to positive. Clarity in forming a general impression of ASHA efficacy is hindered by the use of a wide range of evaluation criteria across studies, a lack of comparison to other sources of behavioral influence, and a focus on a small number of behaviors per study. We analyze survey data for 1,166 mothers from Bihar, India, to assess the influence of ASHAs and eight other health influencers on the uptake of 12 perinatal health behaviors. We find that ASHAs are highly effective at increasing the probability that women self-report having practiced biomedically-recommended behaviors. The ASHA’s overall positive effect is larger than any of the nine health influencer categories in our study (covering public, private, and community sources), but their reach needs to be more widely extended to mothers who lack sufficient contact with ASHAs. We conclude that interactions between ASHAs and mothers positively impact the uptake of recommended perinatal health behaviors. ASHA training and program evaluation need to distinguish between individual-level and program-level factors in seeking ways to remove barriers that affect the reach of ASHA services.
Monitoring progress towards elimination of hepatitis B and C in the EU/EEA
Authors: Sharrock Katherine C. , Noori Teymur , Axelsson Maria , Buti Maria , Diaz Asuncion , Fursa Olga , Hendrickx Greet , James Cary , Klavs Irena , Korenjak Marko , Maticic Mojca , Mozalevskis Antons , Peters Lars , Rigoni Rafaela , Rosinska Magdalena , Ruutel Kristi , Schatz Eberhard , Seyler Thomas , Veldhuijzen Irene , Duffell Erika
Published: August 2022

This paper presents data on selected indicators to show progress towards elimination goals and targets for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the 31 countries of the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). A monitoring system was developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, which combined newly collected data from EU/EEA countries along with relevant data from existing sources. Data for 2017 were collected from the EU/EEA countries via an online survey. All countries provided responses. In 2017, most countries reporting data had not reached prevention targets for childhood hepatitis B vaccination and for harm reduction services targeting people who inject drugs (PWID). Four of 12 countries had met the target for proportion of people living with chronic HBV diagnosed and seven of 16 met this target for hepatitis C. Data on diagnosed cases treated were lacking for hepatitis B. Of 12 countries reporting treatment data for hepatitis B, only Iceland met the target. This first collection of data across the EU/EEA highlighted major issues with data completeness and quality and in the indicators that were used, which impairs a clear overview of progress towards the elimination of hepatitis. The available data, whilst incomplete, suggest that as of 2017, the majority of the EU/EEA countries were far from meeting most of the 2020 targets, in particular those relating to harm reduction and diagnosis. It is critical to improve the data collected in order to develop more effective services for hepatitis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment that are needed in order to meet the 2030 elimination targets.
Effects of lifelong spontaneous exercise on skeletal muscle and angiogenesis in super-aged mice
Authors: Baek Kyung-Wan , Kim So-Jeong , Kim Bo-Gyu , Jung Youn-Kwan , Hah Young-Sool , Moon Hyo Youl , Yoo Jun-Il , Park Jin Sung , Kim Ji-Seok
Published: August 2022

There has been an increasing awareness of sarcopenia, which is characterized by a concomitant decrease in skeletal muscle mass and quality due to aging. Resistance exercise is considered more effective than aerobic exercise in terms of therapeutic exercise. To confirm the effect of long-term aerobic exercise in preventing sarcopenia, we evaluated the skeletal muscle mass, quality, and angiogenic capacity of super-aged mice that had undergone lifelong spontaneous exercise (LSE) through various experiments. Our findings show that LSE could maintain skeletal muscle mass, quality, and fitness levels in super-aged mice. In addition, ex vivo experiments showed that the angiogenic capacity was maintained at a high level. However, these results were not consistent with the related changes in the expression of genes and/or proteins involved in protein synthesis or angiogenesis. Based on the results of previous studies, it seems certain that the expression at the molecular level does not represent the phenotypes of skeletal muscle and angiogenesis. This is because aging and long-term exercise are variables that can affect both protein synthesis and the expression patterns of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins. Therefore, in aging and exercise-related research, various physical fitness and angiogenesis variables and phenotypes should be analyzed. In conclusion, LSE appears to maintain the potential of angiogenesis and slow the aging process to maintain skeletal muscle mass and quality. Aerobic exercise may thus be effective for the prevention of sarcopenia.
Sputum analysis by flow cytometry; an effective platform to analyze the lung environment
Authors: Bederka Lydia H. , Sanchez Jamila R. , Rebeles Jennifer , Araujo Patricia R. , Grayson Marcia H. , Lai Shao-Chiang , DePalo Louis R. , Habib Sheila A. , Hill David G. , Lopez Kathleen , Patriquin Lara , Sussman Robert , Humphreys James , Reveles Xavier T. , Rebel Vivienne I.
Published: August 2022

Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the standard of care for lung cancer screening in the United States (US). LDCT has a sensitivity of 93.8% but its specificity of 73.4% leads to potentially harmful follow-up procedures in patients without lung cancer. Thus, there is a need for additional assays with high accuracy that can be used as an adjunct to LDCT to diagnose lung cancer. Sputum is a biological fluid that can be obtained non-invasively and can be dissociated to release its cellular contents, providing a snapshot of the lung environment. We obtained sputum from current and former smokers with a 30+ pack-year smoking history and who were either confirmed to have lung cancer or at high risk of developing the disease. Dissociated sputum cells were counted, viability determined, and labeled with a panel of markers to separate leukocytes from non-leukocytes. After excluding debris and dead cells, including squamous epithelial cells, we identified reproducible population signatures and confirmed the samples’ lung origin. In addition to leukocyte and epithelial-specific fluorescent antibodies, we used the highly fluorescent meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), known to preferentially stain cancer (associated) cells. We looked for differences in cell characteristics, population size and fluorescence intensity that could be useful in distinguishing cancer samples from high-risk samples. We present our data demonstrating the feasibility of a flow cytometry platform to analyze sputum in a high-throughput and standardized matter for the diagnosis of lung cancer.