bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispositional Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Buffer the Effects of COVID-19 Stress on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Beshai Shadi , Salimuddin Saba , Refaie Nabhan , Maierhoffer Jenna
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a dramatic rise in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Dispositional mindfulness (DM) and self-compassion (SC) have consistently been associated with psychological disorder symptoms and appear to buffer the effects of stress on depression and anxiety.

Methods

Across two studies (n = 888), we examined direct and indirect (moderation) relationships of DM, SC, COVID-19-related stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. We also examined the differential effects of several DM measures (FFMQ-15; FFMQ-39; MAAS) in the relationships of COVID-19 stress and psychological disorder symptoms. We recruited participants (Study 1 n = 350; 42.2% cis women; Study 2 n = 538; 44.3% cis women) online (MTurk) and examined associations of DM, SC, and COVID-19 stress, and emotional impact, and the moderating effect of DM and SC in the relationships of COVID-19-related fears, stress, emotional impacts, and psychological disorder symptoms.

Results

DM and SC were moderately and negatively correlated with COVID-19 fears and stress (correlations ranging r =  − .14 to r =  − .42) across studies. Study 1 moderation analyses demonstrated SC, but not DM (FFMQ-15), significantly moderated relationships of COVID-19 fears and emotional impacts with symptoms. Study 2 analyses demonstrated the FFMQ-39, but not the MAAS, significantly moderated relationships of COVID-19 stress and psychological disorder symptoms.

Conclusions

These results support the potential protective roles of DM and SC in disrupting pathological trajectories related to naturally elevated pandemic stress. Results also demonstrate the differential associations of several DM measures with COVID-19 stress. Future research should replicate such findings with more diverse samples and using various measures of self-compassion and risk metrics.
Lenacapavir: First Approval
Authors: Paik Julia
Published: October 2022

Lenacapavir (Sunlenca®) is a long-acting capsid inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) being developed by Gilead Sciences Inc. It is available as an oral tablet and injectable solution, with the latter being a slow-release formulation to allow bi-annual subcutaneous administration. In August 2022, lenacapavir received its first approval in the EU for use in combination with other antiretroviral(s) in adults with multi-drug resistant HIV infection, for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti-viral regimen. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of lenacapavir leading to this first approval for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
A proof-of-concept study for the use of a computerised avatar to embody the eating disorder voice in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Ward Thomas , Aya Viviana , Calissano Chiara , Thompson Alistair , Treasure Janet
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study assessed (1) the experience of the eating disorder voice in people with anorexia nervosa or in remission, and (2) the feasibility of creating and interacting with a computerised representation (i.e., avatar) of this voice.

Methods

Twenty-one individuals with anorexia nervosa and 18 individuals who were in remission participated in the study. They reported on the characteristics of their eating disorder voice and created a personalised avatar (a visual and auditory representation of the eating disorder voice), using a computerised software. Participants assessed closeness of match between the voice and the avatar, perceived distress and acceptability of re-exposure to the avatar.

Results

Patients felt less powerful than their eating disorder voice and unable to disregard the voice's commands. The experience of the voice was associated with negative, as well as some positive emotions, reflecting the prototypical ambivalence towards the illness. Individuals in remission had an opposite pattern of responses. They attributed only negative emotions to the voice, felt more powerful than the voice, and able to disregard its commands. Overall participants reported that there was a good match between the voice and the sound of the avatar. Patients expressed willingness to repeat exposure to the avatar.

Conclusion

Individuals with anorexia can create personalised digital avatars representing the eating disorder voice and are willing to engage therapeutically with the avatar. The next step is to test the feasibility of repeated exposure to the avatar to address the power and distress associated with the eating disorder voice.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Cable Robotic 3D-printing: additive manufacturing on the construction site
Authors: Hahlbrock David , Braun Michael , Heidel Robin , Lemmen Patrik , Boumann Roland , Bruckmann Tobias , Schramm Dieter , Helm Volker , Willmann Jan
Published: October 2022

This paper outlines an important step in characterizing a novel field of robotic construction research where a cable-driven parallel robot is used to extrude cementitious material in three-dimensional space, and thus offering a comprehensive new approach to computational design and construction, and to robotic fabrication at larger scales. Developed by the Faculty of Art and Design at Bauhaus-University Weimar (Germany), the faculty of Architecture at the University of Applied Sciences Dortmund (Germany) and the Chair of Mechatronics at the University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany), this approach offers unique advantages over existing additive manufacturing methods: the system is easily transportable and scalable, it does not require additional formwork or scaffolding, and it offers digital integration and informational oversight across the entire design and building process. This paper considers 1) key research components of cable robotic 3D-printing (such as computational design, material exploration, and robotic control), and 2) the integration of these parameters into a unified design and building process. The demonstration of the approach at full-scale is of particular concern.
Adsorption characteristics of nitrate ion by sodium carbonate activated PAN-based activated carbon fiber
Authors: Sato Natsuho , Amano Yoshimasa , Machida Motoi
Published: October 2022

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber with high nitrogen content was activated at 800 °C with sodium carbonate and heat-treated at 950 °C to prepare activated carbon fiber (ACF), and the results of nitrate ion adsorption on the prepared ACF are presented. CHN elemental analysis, XPS measurement, and Boehm titration were used to determine the nitrogen content and surface functional groups of ACF. It is discussed that the total amount of nitrogen decreases, whereas quaternary nitrogen (N-Q) increases upon heat treatment. The decrease in adsorption capacity of the prepared activated carbon under different storage conditions is shown. It is observed that the adsorption capacity of nitrate ion at equilibrium pH (pHe) 5 is halved after 5 weeks, and the decrease in adsorption capacity at pHe 3 is suppressed. The adsorption isotherms of the prepared ACF are shown using the Langmuir equation. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity of the prepared ACF is compared with that of ACF before heat treatment and zinc chloride-activated powdered activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of ACF without heat treatment at 950 °C decreases as the pHe of the solution increases, and the pH of the nitrate solution including ACF after heat treatment is stable at pHe 4–5.
Robots in Healthcare: a Scoping Review
Authors: Morgan Ahmed Ashraf , Abdi Jordan , Syed Mohammed A. Q. , Kohen Ghita El , Barlow Phillip , Vizcaychipi Marcela P.
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

Robots are increasingly being adopted in healthcare to carry out various tasks that enhance patient care. This scoping review aims to establish the types of robots being used in healthcare and identify where they are deployed.

Recent Findings

Technological advancements have enabled robots to conduct increasingly varied and complex roles in healthcare. For instance, precision tasks such as improving dexterity following stroke or assisting with percutaneous coronary intervention.

This review found that robots have played 10 main roles across a variety of clinical environments. The two predominant roles were surgical and rehabilitation and mobility. Although robots were mainly studied in the surgical theatre and rehabilitation unit, other settings ranged from the hospital ward to inpatient pharmacy. Healthcare needs are constantly evolving, as demonstrated by COVID-19, and robots may assist in adapting to these changes. The future will involve increased telepresence and infrastructure systems will have to improve to allow for this.
Blue light-induced lipid oxidation and the antioxidant property of hypotaurine: evaluation via measuring ultraweak photon emission
Authors: Tsuchida Katsuhiko , Sakiyama Natsuki
Published: October 2022

The effects of blue light on human body have attracted attention. The human skin in contact with the outside environment is often exposed to blue light, and the effects of this exposure remain to be fully determined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of blue light, at the intensity typically found in sunlight, on lipids in the skin from an oxidation perspective. Peroxide value (POV) and ultraweak photon emission (UPE) measurements were conducted to evaluate lipid oxidation. Our results confirmed that blue light irradiation induced lipid oxidation, similar to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Also, the effects of various reagents on the blue light-induced UPE were evaluated; however, the results differed from those of the DPPH radical-scavenging ability. We speculated that this is due to the difference in the evaluation principle; nevertheless, among reagents, hypotaurine not only showed a high antioxidant effect but was also more effective against blue light-induced oxidation than UVA. Based on the difference in the antioxidant effect of the lipid sample in this study, the oxidation reaction induced by blue light may be different from the UVA-induced reaction. Our study provides new insights into the effects of blue light on lipids in the human skin, thereby promoting research regarding photooxidation.

Graphical abstract
How Quantum Computing Can Tackle Climate and Energy Challenges
Authors: Giani Annarita , Goff-Eldredge Zachary
Published: October 2022

The day is coming when quantum computers, once the stuff of science fiction, will help scientists solve complex, real-world problems that are proving intractable to classical computing.
Simple Stochastic Modeling of Snowball Probability Throughout Earth History
Authors: Baum Mark , Fu Minmin
Published: October 2022

Over its multibillion‐year history, Earth has exhibited a wide range of climates. Its history ranges from snowball episodes where the surface was mostly or entirely covered by ice to periods much warmer than today, where the cryosphere was virtually absent. Our understanding of greenhouse gas evolution over this long history, specifically carbon dioxide, is mainly informed by deterministic models. However, the complexity of the carbon cycle and its uncertainty over time motivates the study of non‐deterministic models, where key elements of the cycle are represented by inherently stochastic processes. By doing so, we can learn what models of variability are compatible with Earth's climate record instead of how exactly this variability is produced. In this study, we address why there were snowballs in the Proterozoic, but not the Phanerozoic by discussing two simple stochastic models of long‐term carbon‐cycle variability. The first, which is the most simple and represents CO2 concentration directly as a stochastic process, is instructive and perhaps intuitive, but is incompatible with the absence of snowballs in the Phanerozoic. The second, which separates carbon source from sink and represents CO2 outgassing as a stochastic process instead of concentration, is more flexible. When outgassing fluctuates over longer periods, as opposed to brief and rapid excursions from a mean state, this model is more compatible with the snowball record, showing only modest increases in the probability of snowball events over Earth history. The contrast between these models illustrates what kind of variability may have characterized the long‐term carbon cycle.
Three Types of Antarctic Intermediate Water Revealed by a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Xia Xingyue , Hong Yu , Du Yan , Xiu Peng
Published: October 2022

The subduction and export of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is important for the heat, freshwater, carbon, and nutrient budgets of the world's oceans. Three types of AAIW are identified by applying an unsupervised machine learning approach to individual Argo profiles. The likely sources and pathways of these AAIWs are indicated by the locations and magnitudes of the salinity and oxygen extrema. The Southeast Pacific AAIW forms north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) in the west corner of the Drake Passage and is exported north into the subtropical gyre. The South Pacific AAIW forms in the South Pacific along the SAF and is transported through the Drake Passage, thereby becoming a saliter and denser AAIW. The circumpolar AAIW, the coldest and freshest AAIW, has a circumpolar source and is injected into the ocean interior in the Brazil‐Malvinas confluence. The results clarify different types of AAIW have different origins.
Minimal Recipes for Global Cloudiness
Authors: Datseris George , Blanco Joaquin , Hadas Or , Bony Sadrine , Caballero Rodrigo , Kaspi Yohai , Stevens Bjorn
Published: October 2022

Clouds are primary modulators of Earth's energy balance. It is thus important to understand the links connecting variabilities in cloudiness to variabilities in other state variables of the climate system, and also describe how these links would change in a changing climate. A conceptual model of global cloudiness can help elucidate these points. In this work we derive simple representations of cloudiness, that can be useful in creating a theory of global cloudiness. These representations illustrate how both spatial and temporal variability of cloudiness can be expressed in terms of basic state variables. Specifically, cloud albedo is captured by a nonlinear combination of pressure velocity and a measure of the low‐level stability, and cloud longwave effect is captured by surface temperature, pressure velocity, and standard deviation of pressure velocity. We conclude with a short discussion on the usefulness of this work in the context of global warming response studies.
A Persistent Submesoscale Frontal Slick: A Novel Marker of the Mesoscale Flow Field in a Large Lake (Lake Geneva)
Authors: Foroughan Mehrshad , Hamze‐Ziabari Seyed Mahmood , Lemmin Ulrich , Barry David Andrew
Published: October 2022

Submesoscale fronts often become visible when the accumulation of biosurfactants in the water surface microlayer causes smooth surfaces, called frontal slicks, to develop. Based on in situ and remotely‐sensed data, a frontal slick was documented for the first time in a lake (Lake Geneva). A quasi‐stationary ∼10‐km long slick formed on the warm side of a surface temperature front with strong horizontal velocity strain. The slick width increased from ∼50 to ∼200 m in ∼1.5 hr due to “feeding” by wind‐driven, rapidly‐moving smaller slicks. Numerical modeling results, confirmed by satellite data, indicated that the boundary between mesoscale gyres isolated warm surface water from cold water associated with wind‐induced coastal upwelling. Measurements and modeling suggest that frontogenetic sharpening of the submesoscale temperature gradient created an active front with strong convergent flow. Such dynamics must be considered in buoyant material transport and the vertical exchange of surface water with deeper layers in lakes.
Lateral Extent of Pyroclastic Surge Deposits at Ubehebe Crater (Death Valley, California) and Implications for Hazards in Monogenetic Volcanic Fields
Authors: Valentine Greg A. , Fierstein Judy , White James D. L.
Published: October 2022

Hazard assessments in monogenetic volcanic fields require estimates of the runout of pyroclastic surges that result from phreatomagmatic explosive activity. Previous assessments used runout distances of 1–4 km, with large cases up to 6 km. Surge deposits at Ubehebe Crater (∼2100 y.b.p., Death Valley, California) have been traced ∼9 km from the crater center, and likely originally extended 1–3 km farther. There is no evidence that the Ubehebe Crater activity was unusually energetic; rather, its distal deposits are better preserved than those at most maar volcanoes because of its young age and the arid environment. Numerical simulations illustrate how low temperatures facilitate long runout of phreatomagmatic surges due to reduced expansion of entrained air compared to hot surges, allowing cool surges to retain higher densities than ambient air. We suggest that hazard assessments for volcanic fields with phreatomagmatic, maar‐forming eruptions should consider runout distances in the range of 10–15 km.
Non‐Adiabatic Acceleration of Injected Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere: Joint Observations by the Van Allen Probe and the BeiDa Imaging Electron Spectrometer
Authors: Chen Xingran , Zhang Hui , Zong Qiugang , Zhou Xuzhi , Zou Hong , Wang Yongfu , Yue Chao
Published: October 2022

We present joint observations of a substorm injection event on 5 February 2016. The enhancements of energetic electron (∼30 to ∼300 keV) fluxes, the drift echoes of the injected electrons, and the quasi‐monochromatic ultralow frequency oscillations embedded in the flux variations were simultaneously observed by the BeiDa Imaging Electron Spectrometer and the Van Allen Probe B. These vivid features of substorm injection were concretely captured by multiple spacecraft within the geosynchronous distance for the first time. The radial separation of the spacecraft (∼0.3 RE) allowed for a quantitative comparison of the electron flux and phase space density (PSD) across different drift shells. It is found that a more intense increase of equatorial PSD occurred at the lower L‐shell (L* ∼5.5), which indicated a non‐adiabatic acceleration of the injected electrons in the inner magnetosphere.
A Global Analysis of Crater Depth/Diameter Ratios on the Moon
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Yiran , Werner Stephanie C. , Prieur Nils C. , Xiao Zhiyong
Published: October 2022

On the Moon, the old anorthositic highland rocks and younger basaltic mare units show distinguishable differences in appearance. The craters on the lunar highlands and maria also show variation in morphological characteristics. We analyzed the crater morphologies on a global scale, based on our new global catalog of lunar impact craters (≥1 km in diameter) with morphological information for each crater. We find that there is a global power‐law relationship with an offset term between crater depth‐to‐diameter ratios and crater densities. Small craters (less than ∼4 km in diameter) on the lunar maria are found to be deeper than those on the highlands, indicating differences in target properties and crater degradations. Furthermore, the depths of the deepest simple craters identified on the lunar maria and the highlands provide references that the mare basalts and highland upper megaregolith have thicknesses of ∼2.3 and ∼3.3 km, respectively.
Phosphine in the Venusian Atmosphere: A Strict Upper Limit From SOFIA GREAT Observations
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Villanueva G. L. , Wiesemeyer H. , Milam S. N. , de Pater I. , Moullet A. , Aladro R. , Nixon C. A. , Thelen A. E. , Charnley S. B. , Stutzki J. , Kofman V. , Faggi S. , Liuzzi G. , Cosentino R. , McGuire B. A.
Published: October 2022

The presence of phosphine (PH3) in the atmosphere of Venus was reported by Greaves et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1174-4), based on observations of the J = 1–0 transition at 267 GHz using ground‐based, millimeter‐wave spectroscopy. This unexpected discovery presents a challenge for our understanding of Venus's atmosphere, and has led to a reappraisal of the possible sources and sinks of atmospheric phosphorous‐bearing gases. Here we present results from a search for PH3 on Venus using the German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies instrument aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy aircraft, over three flights conducted in November 2021. Multiple PH3 transitions were targeted at frequencies centered on 533 and 1,067 GHz, but no evidence for atmospheric PH3 was detected. Through radiative transfer modeling, we derived a disk‐averaged upper limit on the PH3 abundance of 0.8 ppb in the altitude range 75–110 km, which is more stringent than previous ground‐based studies.
Far‐Ultraviolet Photometric Characteristics of JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 Lunar Regolith Simulants: Comparative Investigations With Apollo 10084
Authors: Gimar C. J. , Raut U. , Poston M. J. , Stevanovic A. , Protopapa S. , Greathouse T. K. , Retherford K. D. , Friday J. M. , Grimes J. T.
Published: October 2022

We have characterized the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) spectro‐photometric response of lunar soil simulants JSC‐1A and LMS‐1, reporting notable differences from our previous results for Apollo soil 10084 (Raut et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005567). While JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 were designed to emulate the geotechnical and compositional properties of a low‐Ti and high‐Ti mare soil respectively, these terrestrial simulants lack “space weathering” attributes such as the nanophase iron present in the weathered rims of Apollo grains and glassy agglutinates. Photometric analyses of the JSC‐1A phase curves reveal a ∼3–4 fold increase in single scattering albedo (SSA) and a forward scattering behavior compared to 10084. LMS‐1 is shown to have SSA nearly twice that of 10084 and a near isotropic reflectance. Additionally, both JSC‐1A and LMS‐1 spectra present a blue slope in the FUV, with the JSC‐1A slope ∼10× larger than that reported for the 10084 soil. Our analyses imply that low‐Ti content corroborated using energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, correlates to brighter FUV reflectance and a greater spectral blue slope for JSC‐1A, while space weathering components likely contribute to the backscattering of FUV light by the Apollo soil relative to both simulants. Further work with an extended set of Apollo soils is warranted to deconvolute the relative contributions of weathering and composition to their FUV spectro‐photometric response.
Higher Temperature Sensitivity of Ecosystem Respiration in Low Marsh Compared to High Elevation Marsh Ecosystems
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Kroeger Kevin D. , Tang Jianwu
Published: October 2022

Salt marsh habitats contain some of the highest quantities of soil organic carbon (C) per unit area, but increasing anthropogenic stressors threaten their ability to maintain themselves as large C reservoirs in some regions. We quantify rates of C gas exchange (methane [CH4] and carbon dioxide [CO2]) monthly across a 16‐month period from a low nitrogen “reference” salt marsh on Cape Cod in New England using static chambers. While the summer period is the most dynamic period of marsh C gas exchange, we observed substantial fluxes in the early summer through late fall, highlighting the importance of including shoulder seasons in studies of marsh C exchange. We estimate annual ecosystem respiration between 108 and 252 g C m−2 yr−1, which varied based on temperature and elevation. This flux is lower than in other nearby marshes, which we attribute to the frequently inundated, microtidal nature of the site, resulting in the majority of respired CO2 being exported via lateral, not vertical, fluxes from this marsh. We observed significantly higher temperature sensitivity from the low elevation of the marsh compared to the high marsh. Recent acceleration in the rate of sea level rise is leading to a well‐documented expansion of low marsh into high marsh vegetation zones in this marsh system and others in the region. While rates of C burial are higher in the low marsh compared to the high marsh, the higher temperature sensitivity of respiration in the low marsh may diminish the longevity of marsh C stocks with climate warming.
First Observations From a New Meteor Radar at McMurdo Station Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E)
Authors: Marino J. , Palo S. E. , Rainville N.
Published: October 2022

A new 36.17 MHz all‐sky meteor radar was installed at McMurdo Station Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) in February 2018 to provide wind measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (70–120 km). This instrument is the highest latitude meteor radar currently in operation in the southern hemisphere; it joins two other meteor radars within the Antarctic Circle. The radar will provide long‐term continuous wind measurements of the polar region, and contribute to a greater understanding of MLT dynamics. This work describes the radar hardware and its context with other instruments in the region. The paper provides an overview of the spatial and temporal variation in meteor echoes over the observation period of March 2018 through October 2021. It also provides an analysis of the mean winds and solar tides over the first three years of operation; including a description of an observed 12 hr summertime wind oscillation consistent with previously documented observations of a westward propagating 12 hr non‐migrating tide of zonal wavenumber 1.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Floodwater Depth Estimation Models in Semiarid Regions
Authors: Teng J. , Penton D. J. , Ticehurst C. , Sengupta A. , Freebairn A. , Marvanek S. , Vaze J. , Gibbs M. , Streeton N. , Karim F. , Morton S.
Published: October 2022

Simple models continue to be important for continental‐scale floodwater depth mapping due to the prohibitively expensive cost of calibrating and applying hydrodynamic models. This paper investigates the accuracy of three simple models for floodwater depth estimation from remote sensing derived water extent and/or Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in semiarid regions. The three models are Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND; Nobre et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051), Teng Vaze Dutta (TVD; Teng et al., 2013, http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/97033?index=1), and Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET; Cohen, Brakenridge, et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12609). The model accuracy and nature of errors are established using industry's best practice hydrodynamic models as benchmarks in three regions in eastern Australia. The overall results show that FwDET tends to underestimate (by 0.32 m at 50th percentile) while HAND and TVD overestimate floodwater depth for almost all floods (by 0.97 and 0.98 m, respectively). We quantify how switching DEM from 5 m LiDAR to national or global data sets DEM‐H (Gallant et al., 2011, https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/72759), MERIT (Yamazaki et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024873), or FABDEM (Hawker et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4d4f) can affect different models differently; and we evaluate model performance against reach geomorphology and magnitude of flood events. The findings emphasize the importance of choosing a model that is fit for the intended application. By describing the applicability, advantages, and limitations of these models, this paper assists practitioners to choose the most appropriate model based on characteristics of their study area, type of problems they try to solve, and data availability.
Falls on an inpatient rehabilitation spinal injuries unit: the characteristics, circumstances, and consequences
Authors: Marshall Kathryn , Fleming Jennifer , Atresh Sridhar , Scott Justin, R. , Gustafsson Louise , Patterson Freyr
Published: October 2022

Study design

Retrospective audit

Objectives

To describe the nature of falls and fallers in a spinal injuries unit (SIU) and identify factors associated with having more than one fall (recurrent fallers) and falls with physical or psychological consequences (consequential falls).

Setting

An Australian inpatient rehabilitation SIU.

Methods

Data were retrospectively extracted from falls incident reports and electronic medical records over a 5-year period. Data were analysed descriptively to summarise participant and fall details. Univariate analyses identified candidate variables for further investigation in a multivariate model for recurrent fallers and consequential falls.

Results

Of the 566 persons admitted to the SIU, 132 (23%) participants experienced 207 falls over the 5 years. Of the fallers, 41 (31%) were recurrent fallers experiencing between 2 and 7 falls and 78 (59%) experienced a consequential fall. No significant variables were identified for recurrent fallers. For consequential falls, older age (OR = 1.038, 95% CI, 1.012 to 1.064, p = 0.004) and female gender (OR = 3.581, 95% CI, 1.269 to 10.103, p = 0.016) were significant, as well as falls that occurred on a Sunday (OR = 0.196, 95% CI, 0.061 to 0.630, p = 0.006). Falls while transferring were less likely to be consequential (OR = 4.100, 95% CI, 1.706 to 9.856, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Nearly one quarter of SIU inpatients experienced a fall with almost a third of those who fell experiencing recurrent falls. Older age, female gender, and Sundays were risk factors for falls with consequence.
Acinar ATP8b1/LPC pathway promotes macrophage efferocytosis and clearance of inflammation during chronic pancreatitis development
Authors: Yang Wan-jun , Cao Rong-chang , Xiao Wang , Zhang Xiao-lou , Xu Hao , Wang Meng , Zhou Zhi-tao , Chen Huo-ji , Xu Jia , Chen Xue-mei , Zeng Jun-ling , Li Shu-ji , Luo Min , Han Yan-jiang , Yang Xiao-bing , Feng Guo-dong , Lu Yu-heng , Ni Yuan-yuan , Wu Chan-gui , Bai Jun-jie , Yuan Zi-qi , Jin Jin , Zhang Guo-wei
Published: October 2022

Noninflammatory clearance of dying cells by professional phagocytes, termed efferocytosis, is fundamental in both homeostasis and inflammatory fibrosis disease but has not been confirmed to occur in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Here, we investigated whether efferocytosis constitutes a novel regulatory target in CP and its mechanisms. PRSS1 transgenic (PRSS1Tg) mice were treated with caerulein to mimic CP development. Phospholipid metabolite profiling and epigenetic assays were performed with PRSS1Tg CP models. The potential functions of Atp8b1 in CP model were clarified using Atp8b1-overexpressing adeno-associated virus, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and lipid metabolomic approaches. ATAC-seq combined with RNA-seq was then used to identify transcription factors binding to the Atp8b1 promoter, and ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays were used to confirm that the identified transcription factor bound to the Atp8b1 promoter, and to identify the specific binding site. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the proportion of pancreatic macrophages. Decreased efferocytosis with aggravated inflammation was identified in CP. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) pathway was the most obviously dysregulated phospholipid pathway, and LPC and Atp8b1 expression gradually decreased during CP development. H3K27me3 ChIP-seq showed that increased Atp8b1 promoter methylation led to transcriptional inhibition. Atp8b1 complementation substantially increased the LPC concentration and improved CP outcomes. Bhlha15 was identified as a transcription factor that binds to the Atp8b1 promoter and regulates phospholipid metabolism. Our study indicates that the acinar Atp8b1/LPC pathway acts as an important “find-me” signal for macrophages and plays a protective role in CP, with Atp8b1 transcription promoted by the acinar cell-specific transcription factor Bhlha15. Bhlha15, Atp8b1, and LPC could be clinically translated into valuable therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of current CP therapies.
Mirror-induced reflection in the frequency domain
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Yu Mengjie , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Cheng Rebecca , Wang Cheng , Lončar Marko
Published: October 2022

Mirrors are ubiquitous in optics and are used to control the propagation of optical signals in space. Here we propose and demonstrate frequency domain mirrors that provide reflections of the optical energy in a frequency synthetic dimension, using electro-optic modulation. First, we theoretically explore the concept of frequency mirrors with the investigation of propagation loss, and reflectivity in the frequency domain. Next, we explore the mirror formed through polarization mode-splitting in a thin-film lithium niobate micro-resonator. By exciting the Bloch waves of the synthetic frequency crystal with different wave vectors, we show various states formed by the interference between forward propagating and reflected waves. Finally, we expand on this idea, and generate tunable frequency mirrors as well as demonstrate trapped states formed by these mirrors using coupled lithium niobate micro-resonators. The ability to control the flow of light in the frequency domain could enable a wide range of applications, including the study of random walks, boson sampling, frequency comb sources, optical computation, and topological photonics. Furthermore, demonstration of optical elements such as cavities, lasers, and photonic crystals in the frequency domain, may be possible.
Layer-specific, retinotopically-diffuse modulation in human visual cortex in response to viewing emotionally expressive faces
Authors: Liu Tina T. , Fu Jason Z , Chai Yuhui , Japee Shruti , Chen Gang , Ungerleider Leslie G. , Merriam Elisha P.
Published: October 2022

Viewing faces that are perceived as emotionally expressive evokes enhanced neural responses in multiple brain regions, a phenomenon thought to depend critically on the amygdala. This emotion-related modulation is evident even in primary visual cortex (V1), providing a potential neural substrate by which emotionally salient stimuli can affect perception. How does emotional valence information, computed in the amygdala, reach V1? Here we use high-resolution functional MRI to investigate the layer profile and retinotopic distribution of neural activity specific to emotional facial expressions. Across three experiments, human participants viewed centrally presented face stimuli varying in emotional expression and performed a gender judgment task. We found that facial valence sensitivity was evident only in superficial cortical layers and was not restricted to the retinotopic location of the stimuli, consistent with diffuse feedback-like projections from the amygdala. Together, our results provide a feedback mechanism by which the amygdala directly modulates activity at the earliest stage of visual processing.
Resolving puzzles of the phase-transformation-based mechanism of the strong deep-focus earthquake
Authors: Levitas Valery I.
Published: October 2022

Deep-focus earthquakes that occur at 350–660 km are assumed to be caused by olivine → spinel phase transformation (PT). However, there are many existing puzzles: (a) What are the mechanisms for jump from geological 10−17 − 10−15 s−1to seismic 10 − 103 s−1strain rates? Is it possible without PT? (b) How does metastable olivine, which does not completely transform to spinel for over a million years, suddenly transform during seconds? (c) How to connect shear-dominated seismic signals with volume-change-dominated PT strain? Here, we introduce a combination of several novel concepts that resolve the above puzzles quantitatively. We treat the transformation in olivine like plastic strain-induced (instead of pressure/stress-induced) and find an analytical 3D solution for coupled deformation-transformation-heating in a shear band. This solution predicts conditions for severe (singular) transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and self-blown-up deformation-transformation-heating process due to positive thermomechanochemical feedback between TRIP and strain-induced transformation. This process leads to temperature in a band, above which the self-blown-up shear-heating process in the shear band occurs after finishing the PT. Our findings change the main concepts in studying the initiation of the deep-focus earthquakes and PTs during plastic flow in geophysics in general.
TRPM8 contributes to sex dimorphism by promoting recovery of normal sensitivity in a mouse model of chronic migraine
Authors: Alarcón-Alarcón David , Cabañero David , de Andrés-López Jorge , Nikolaeva-Koleva Magdalena , Giorgi Simona , Fernández-Ballester Gregorio , Fernández-Carvajal Asia , Ferrer-Montiel Antonio
Published: October 2022

TRPA1 and TRPM8 are transient receptor potential channels expressed in trigeminal neurons that are related to pathophysiology in migraine models. Here we use a mouse model of nitroglycerine-induced chronic migraine that displays a sexually dimorphic phenotype, characterized by mechanical hypersensitivity that develops in males and females, and is persistent up to day 20 in female mice, but disappears by day 18 in male mice. TRPA1 is required for development of hypersensitivity in males and females, whereas TRPM8 contributes to the faster recovery from hypersensitivity in males. TRPM8-mediated antinociception effects required the presence of endogenous testosterone in males. Administration of exogenous testosterone to females and orchidectomized males led to recovery from hypersensitivity. Calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings in in vitro systems confirmed testosterone activity on murine and human TRPM8, independent of androgen receptor expression. Our findings suggest a protective function of TRPM8 in shortening the time frame of hypersensitivity in a mouse model of migraine.
Protein language models trained on multiple sequence alignments learn phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Lupo Umberto , Sgarbossa Damiano , Bitbol Anne-Florence
Published: October 2022

Self-supervised neural language models with attention have recently been applied to biological sequence data, advancing structure, function and mutational effect prediction. Some protein language models, including MSA Transformer and AlphaFold’s EvoFormer, take multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) of evolutionarily related proteins as inputs. Simple combinations of MSA Transformer’s row attentions have led to state-of-the-art unsupervised structural contact prediction. We demonstrate that similarly simple, and universal, combinations of MSA Transformer’s column attentions strongly correlate with Hamming distances between sequences in MSAs. Therefore, MSA-based language models encode detailed phylogenetic relationships. We further show that these models can separate coevolutionary signals encoding functional and structural constraints from phylogenetic correlations reflecting historical contingency. To assess this, we generate synthetic MSAs, either without or with phylogeny, from Potts models trained on natural MSAs. We find that unsupervised contact prediction is substantially more resilient to phylogenetic noise when using MSA Transformer versus inferred Potts models.
Molecular structural dataset of lignin macromolecule elucidating experimental structural compositions
Authors: Eswaran Sudha cheranma devi , Subramaniam Senthil , Sanyal Udishnu , Rallo Robert , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2022

Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and has great potential to be transformed into high-value chemicals. However, the limited availability of molecular structure data hinders its potential industrial applications. Herein, we present the Lignin Structural (LGS) Dataset that includes the molecular structure of milled wood lignin focusing on two major monomeric units (coniferyl and syringyl), and the six most common interunit linkages (phenylpropane β-aryl ether, resinol, phenylcoumaran, biphenyl, dibenzodioxocin, and diaryl ether). The dataset constitutes a unique resource that covers a part of lignin’s chemical space characterized by polymer chains with lengths in the range of 3 to 25 monomer units. Structural data were generated using a sequence-controlled polymer generation approach that was calibrated to match experimental lignin properties. The LGS dataset includes 60 K newly generated lignin structures that match with high accuracy (~90%) the experimentally determined structural compositions available in the literature. The LGS dataset is a valuable resource to advance lignin chemistry research, including computational simulation approaches and predictive modelling.
Density-of-states similarity descriptor for unsupervised learning from materials data
Authors: Kuban Martin , Rigamonti Santiago , Scheidgen Markus , Draxl Claudia
Published: October 2022

We develop a materials descriptor based on the electronic density-of-states (DOS) and investigate the similarity of materials based on it. As an application example, we study the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB) that hosts thousands of two-dimensional materials with their properties calculated by density-functional theory. Combining our descriptor with a clustering algorithm, we identify groups of materials with similar electronic structure. We introduce additional descriptors to characterize these clusters in terms of crystal structures, atomic compositions, and electronic configurations of their members. This allows us to rationalize the found (dis)similarities and to perform an automated exploratory and confirmatory analysis of the C2DB data. From this analysis, we find that the majority of clusters consist of isoelectronic materials sharing crystal symmetry, but we also identify outliers, i.e., materials whose similarity cannot be explained in this way.
Comparative sensitivity of social media data and their acceptable use in research
Authors: Hemphill Libby , Schöpke-Gonzalez Angela , Panda Anmol
Published: October 2022

Social media data offer a rich resource for researchers interested in public health, labor economics, politics, social behaviors, and other topics. However, scale and anonymity mean that researchers often cannot directly get permission from users to collect and analyze their social media data. This article applies the basic ethical principle of respect for persons to consider individuals’ perceptions of acceptable uses of data. We compare individuals’ perceptions of acceptable uses of other types of sensitive data, such as health records and individual identifiers, with their perceptions of acceptable uses of social media data. Our survey of 1018 people shows that individuals think of their social media data as moderately sensitive and agree that it should be protected. Respondents are generally okay with researchers using their data in social research but prefer that researchers clearly articulate benefits and seek explicit consent before conducting research. We argue that researchers must ensure that their research provides social benefits worthy of individual risks and that they must address those risks throughout the research process.
A comprehensive ultra-wideband dataset for non-cooperative contextual sensing
Authors: Bocus Mohammud J. , Piechocki Robert
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, an increasing amount of attention is being devoted towards passive and non-intrusive sensing methods. The prime example is healthcare applications, where on-body sensors are not always an option or in other applications which require the detection and tracking of unauthorized (non-cooperative) targets within a given environment. Therefore, in this paper we present a dataset consisting of measurements obtained from Radio-Frequency (RF) devices. Essentially, the dataset consists of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) data in the form of Channel Impulse Response (CIR), acquired via a Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) UWB equipment. Approximately 1.6 hours of annotated measurements are provided, which are collected in a residential environment. This dataset can be used to passively track a target’s location in an indoor environment. Additionally, it can also be used to advance UWB-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) since three basic human activities were recorded, namely, sitting, standing and walking. We anticipate that such datasets may be utilized to develop novel algorithms and methodologies for healthcare, smart homes and security applications.
Thirty Years of Nutrient Biogeochemistry in the Barents Sea and the adjoining Arctic Ocean, 1990–2019
Authors: Gundersen Kjell , Møgster Jane S. , Lien Vidar S. , Ershova Elizaveta , Lunde Linda F. , Arnesen Hilde , Olsen Ann-Kristin
Published: October 2022

This dataset contains biogeochemical samples from the Barents Sea and Arctic region analyzed by the Plankton Chemistry Laboratory at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR). Number of surveys and stations visited in the Barents Sea and Arctic has varied over the last 30 years. One major effort is the annual Ecosystem Survey in the fall, with multiple trawl surveys, net tows and CTD water sampling. Additionally, two transects are visited multiple times each year (Fugløya-Bjørnøya and Vardø-North). Only samples collected from water bottles are reported here. Bottle samples from each CTD cast were collected for dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments (ChlA, PHAEO) at predetermined depths and for later analysis at IMR. On occasion, short-term projects have performed Winkler dissolved oxygen titrations (DOW) and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PN) determinations. This unique data set has seen limited use over the years but is a great contribution towards global ocean research and climate change investigations.
Highly efficient hybridoma generation and screening strategy for anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody development
Authors: Phakham Tanapati , Boonkrai Chatikorn , Wongtangprasert Tossapon , Audomsun Thittaya , Attakitbancha Chadaporn , Saelao Pijitra , Muanwien Phijitra , Sooksai Sarintip , Hirankarn Nattiya , Pisitkun Trairak
Published: October 2022

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) plays a significant role in suppressing antitumor immune responses. Cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1 has been approved to treat numerous cancers and is the backbone of cancer immunotherapy. Anti-PD-1 molecule is necessary for next-generation cancer immunotherapy to further improve clinical efficacy and safety as well as integrate into novel treatment combinations or platforms. We developed a highly efficient hybridoma generation and screening strategy to generate high-potency chimeric anti-PD-1 molecules. Using this strategy, we successfully generated several mouse hybridoma and mouse/human chimeric clones that produced high-affinity antibodies against human PD-1 with high-quality in vitro PD-1/PD-L1 binding blockade and T cell activation activities. The lead chimeric prototypes exhibited overall in vitro performance comparable to commercially available anti-PD-1 antibodies and could be qualified as promising therapeutic candidates for further development toward immuno-oncology applications.
Large-volume and deep brain imaging in rabbits and monkeys using COMPACT two-photon microscopy
Authors: Lu Yuqing , Wei Xiangzan , Li Wei , Wu Xujun , Chen Chao , Li Ge , Huang Zhongqiang , Li Yunfeng , Zhang Yu , Gan Wen-Biao
Published: October 2022

In vivo imaging has been widely used for investigating the structure and function of neurons typically located within ~ 800 μm below the cortical surface. Due to light scattering and absorption, it has been difficult to perform in-vivo imaging of neurons in deep cortical and subcortical regions of large animals with two-photon microscopy. Here, we combined a thin-wall quartz capillary with a GRIN lens attached to a prism for large-volume structural and calcium imaging of neurons located 2 mm below the surface of rabbit and monkey brains. The field of view was greatly expanded by rotating and changing the depth of the imaging probe inside a quartz capillary. Calcium imaging of layer 5/6 neurons in the rabbit motor cortex revealed differential activity of these neurons between quiet wakefulness and slow wave sleep. The method described here provides an important tool for studying the structure and function of neurons located deep in the brains of large animals.