bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of projected precipitation changes on sugar beet yield in eastern England
Authors: Okom Stanley , Russell Andrew , Chaudhary Abdul J. , Scrimshaw Mark D. , Francis Robert A.
Published: January 2017

Projected increasing temperatures and reduced summer rainfall in the United Kingdom pose a sustainability and food security challenge for the agricultural industry. This study investigates the potential impact of precipitation changes on eastern England sugar beet yield. Precipitation data over eastern England from weather stations (1971–2000) and a range of the 5th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate models (‘historical’ for 1971–2000; and Representative Concentration Pathways RCP45 and RCP85 for 2021–2050) were examined. A good agreement was found between the observations and the overlapping model grid cell. The study then investigated the impact of likely future rainfall changes on yield by applying controlled watering regimes informed by the CMIP5 projections to 150 sugar beet plants grown in a greenhouse, the use of CMIP5 projections in this way is a first. Watering regimes that represent ‘present day’ and ‘future’ precipitation characteristics were calculated: 0.46 L of water was applied every other day to each plant in the present day category; 0.39 L was applied every other day to each plant in the future category. This reflects the 16% reduction in future rainfall that was calculated from the climate models. Results from the greenhouse experiment showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) reduction in soil moisture in the future category, which was related to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in mean tuber wet mass: a mean of 360 g for present day and 319 g for future. The results for dry mass were less significant (p = 0.11) but indicated a reduction in the future category (95.2 vs 88.2 g). These findings imply a potential yield reduction of 11% by 2050.
Spatiotemporal changes in the length and heating degree days of the heating period in Northeast China
Authors: Shen Xiang‐Jin , Liu Bin‐Hui , Zhou Dao‐Wei
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

As the coolest region in China, Northeast China has long and severe winters and is a main region for the use of central heating. Accurately predicting the heating energy consumption in Northeast China is very important for energy management and planning. Based on daily mean temperature data from 70 weather stations, this study investigated the spatiotemporal changes in the starting date for heating (HS), the end date for heating (HE), and the length (HL) and the heating degree days (HDD) of the heating period in Northeast China. Over Northeast China, regional averaged HS has become later by 0.77 days decade−1 and HE has become earlier by 1.19 days decade−1 during 1960–2011. Accordingly, regional averaged HL and HDD decreased significantly by 1.97 days decade−1 and 66.28 °C decade−1 respectively; this implies a decreasing demand for heating throughout the region. Spatially, the temporal trends of each heating variable varied in different locations. The spatial patterning of the HL trend was unlike that of the HDD trend due to different responses of HL and HDD to climate change. Temperature increase seems to have larger impacts on HL in warm south localities but more obvious effects on HDD in cold north localities of Northeast China. These different sensitivities of HL and HDD to temperature change should be considered when attempts are made to predict heating energy consumption in Northeast China in a changing climate.
Electron spin resonance studies on deuterated nitroxyl spin probes used in Overhauser‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: David Jebaraj D. , Utsumi Hideo , Milton Franklin Benial A.
Published: January 2017

The electron spin resonance studies were carried out for 2 mm concentration of 14N‐labeled and 15N‐labeled 3‐carbamoyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl, 3‐carboxy‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl, 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl and their deuterated nitroxyl radicals using X‐band electron spin resonance spectrometer. The electron spin resonance line shape analysis was carried out. The electron spin resonance parameters such as linewidth, Lorentzian component, signal intensity ratio, rotational correlation time, hyperfine coupling constant and g‐factor were estimated. The deuterated nitroxyl radicals have narrow linewidth and an increase in Lorentzian component, compared with undeuterated nitroxyl radicals. The dynamic nuclear polarization factor was observed for all nitroxyl radicals. Upon 2H labeling, about 70% and 40% increase in dynamic nuclear polarization factor were observed for 14N‐labeled and 15N‐labeled nitroxyl radicals, respectively. The signal intensity ratio and g‐value indicate the isotropic nature of the nitroxyl radicals in pure water. Therefore, the deuterated nitroxyl radicals are suitable spin probes for in vivo/in vitro electron spin resonance and Overhauser‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging modalities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative education prior to elective knee arthroplasty surgery does not change patient outcomes
Authors: Moulton Lawrence Stephen , Evans Peter A. , Starks Ian , Smith Tony
Published: January 2017

Enhanced recovery programmes have improved outcomes following elective arthroplasty surgery. There are few studies assessing the role of patient education. In our enhanced recovery programme, all patients are offered the chance to attend a preoperative education class. Not all patients attend, enabling a comparison of outcomes. We have published data demonstrating that patients undergoing hip arthroplasty have improved outcomes. In the present article, we present data for total knee arthroplasty. Using a prospectively collected database, we identified all patients undergoing elective primary total knee arthroplasty. Data were assessed to look at patient outcomes. This was analysed using non‐parametric tests. Between April 2009 and March 2013, 563 patients underwent elective total knee replacement. A total of 503 attended the class and 60 did not. Patients attending had a reduced length of stay when compared with the non‐attenders but this did not reach statistical significance (4.13 days versus 4.57 days; p = 0.118). The spread of length of stay was slightly larger in the group that attended. Our analysis demonstrated that, for these patients, there is no statistically significant difference in length of stay or outcome scores. Therefore, in tougher economic times it may be prudent to focus preoperative education on total hip arthroplasty patients if resources are limited.
Self‐reported use of natural health products among rheumatology patients: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hall Jill J. , Dissanayake Tharindri D. , Lau Darren , Katz Steven J.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To describe the self‐reported use of natural health products (NHPs) and identify characteristics that predict selected NHP use in rheumatology patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of consecutive rheumatology patients in two major clinics in Edmonton, Alberta. Survey items included demographic data, rheumatologic diagnoses, prescribed medications, NHPs, and information regarding patients' use of NHPs. Selected NHPs of interest – defined to include joint‐specific products, oils with putative joint benefits, and other non‐vitamin, non‐mineral products – were classified by 2 reviewers. The characteristics of selected NHP users and non‐users were compared using chi‐squared and ANOVA tests, followed by multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression.

Results

1063 patients completed the survey (response rate = 36%, mean age 53 [sd 15], 70% female). 36% of respondents reported using one or more of a wide range of selected NHPs (mean 1.8, range 1‐9). The most common source of NHP recommendations for selected NHP users were physicians (42%). Significant predictors of selected NHP use were: being female (aOR 1.41, 95%CI [1.05‐1.90], p = 0.02), having a post‐secondary degree (aOR 1.60 [1.15‐2.22], p = 0.005), and the number of non‐rheumatic medications (aOR 1.08 [ 1.00‐1.15], p = 0.03) and NSAIDs (aOR 1.32 [1.06, 1.63], p = 0.01). Similar findings were observed among only inflammatory arthritis patients.

Conclusions

Our study confirms the frequent use of selected NHPs, possibly to mitigate persistent symptoms of rheumatologic illness. Rheumatologists appear to be trusted sources of advice and recommendations on NHP use and should provide balanced counselling for their patients.
Perioperative Inotrope Therapy and Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Evidence of a Racial Disparity
Authors: Efird Jimmy T. , Kiser Andy C. , Crane Patricia B. , Landrine Hope , Kindell Linda C. , Nelson Margaret‐Ann , Jindal Charulata , Sarpong Daniel F. , Griffin William F. , Ferguson T. Bruce , Chitwood W. Randolph , Davies Stephen W. , Kypson Alan P. , Gudimella Preeti , Anderson Ethan J.
Published: January 2017

Background and Objective

Following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, mortality rates are significantly higher among black patients who experience postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Perioperative inotropic therapy (PINOT) was associated with POAF in previous reports, but the extent to which race influences this association is unknown. In the present study, the relationship between PINOT, race, and POAF was examined in patients undergoing CABG surgery.

Methods and Setting

Clinical records were examined from a prospectively maintained cohort of 11,855 patients (median age 64 yrs; 70% male; 16% black) undergoing primary isolated CABG at a large cardiovascular institute in the southeastern region of the United States. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using log‐binomial regression.

Main Results

The association between PINOT and POAF was significantly increased among black patients (adjusted RR 1.7, CI 1.4–2.0) compared with white patients (adjusted RR 1.3, CI 1.2–1.4) (pinteraction = 0.013).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that PINOT may be disproportionately associated with POAF among black patients undergoing CABG surgery. Additional studies are needed to examine further the potential underlying mechanisms of this association.
Size‐dependent mechanical properties of glassy polymer nanofibers via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Deng Shengwei , Arinstein Arkadii , Zussman Eyal
Published: January 2017

The microstructure of polymer matrix under cylindrical confinement is key to understanding the size‐dependent thermomechanical behavior of electrospun nanofibers. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation was applied here to probe polymer systems under cylindrical confinement, prepared with or without pre‐stretching. Simulation results showed that below a certain radius, a noticeable increase of the elastic modulus is observed with the decrease of the radius of cylindrical confinement. This size‐dependent mechanical behavior correlated to the degree of polymer chain orientation. Modulation of density and bond orientation in the radial direction was observed: the density and bond orientation began to oscillate, increasing the oscillation amplitudes with decreases in the radius. Such behavior suggests that the cylindrical confinement enhances the bond alignment of the entire fiber and not in the near‐surface layers only. The unstretched fibers had uniform density distribution along the fiber axis, while the stretched fibers demonstrated a fluctuation in density distribution. The crossover radius of size‐dependent behavior was two orders of magnitude smaller than observed in real experiments, demonstrating that the confinement affects some internal fiber scale, which exceeds the scale of individual macromolecules, and this internal scale may be related to supramolecular structures of the polymer matrix rather than the individual macromolecules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 506–514
Fear of new or recurrent melanoma after treatment for localised melanoma
Authors: Bell Katy J.L. , Mehta Yachna , Turner Robin M. , Morton Rachael L. , Dieng Mbathio , Saw Robyn , Guitera Pascale , McCaffery Kirsten , Low Donald , Low Cynthia , Jenkins Marisa , Irwig Les , Webster Angela C.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To estimate the amount of fear of new or recurrent melanoma among people treated for localised melanoma in an Australian specialist centre.

Methods

We randomly selected 400 potential participants from all those treated for localised melanoma at the Melanoma Institute Australia during 2014 (n = 902). They were asked to complete an adapted version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI). We calculated summary statistics for demographics, clinical variables and total FCRI and subscale scores.

Results

Two hundred fifteen people (54%) completed the FCRI questionnaire. The overall mean severity subscale score was 15.0 (95% CI 14.0‐16.1). A high proportion of participants had scores above a proposed threshold to screen for clinical fear of cancer recurrence (77% and 63% of participants with and without new or recurrent melanoma had severity subscale scores ≥13). Most participants also had scores above a threshold found to have high specificity for clinical fear of cancer recurrence (65% and 48% of participants with and without new or recurrent melanoma had severity subscale scores ≥16). The severity subscale appeared to discriminate well between groups with differing levels of risk of new or recurrent melanoma.

Conclusions

There is a substantial amount of fear of new or recurrent melanoma among this population, despite most having a very good prognosis.
Electron dynamics in transport and optical measurements of self‐assembled quantum dots
Authors: Kurzmann Annika , Merkel Benjamin , Marquardt Bastian , Beckel Andreas , Ludwig Arne , Wieck Andreas D. , Lorke Axel , Geller Martin
Published: January 2017

The tunneling dynamics between self‐assembled quantum dots (QDs) and a charge reservoir can be measured in an all‐electrical or optical detection scheme. In all‐electrical transconductance spectroscopy, a two‐dimensional electron gas is used to probe the evolution of the many‐particle states inside an ensemble of QDs from non‐equilibrium to equilibrium. The optical detection scheme measures the tunneling dynamic into a single self‐assembled dot. The work done and results obtained using these different measurement techniques are reviewed and compared within this article. We will show that transconductance spectroscopy is sensitive to a time‐dependent density of states and enables preparation of non‐equilibrium charge and spin states for future applications in quantum information processing. The optical resonance fluorescence measurements on the electron dynamics demonstrates the influence of the exciton states on the charge‐carrier dynamics and enables a systematic study of the Auger recombination in self‐assembled dots.
Boosting Organic Photovoltaic Performance Over 11% Efficiency With Photoconductive Fullerene Interfacial Modifier
Authors: Huang Jiang , Zhang Xiaohua , Zheng Ding , Yan Kangrong , Li Chang‐Zhi , Yu Junsheng
Published: January 2017

A interfacial modifier, [5,6]‐open azafulleroid (OPCBM) is utilized to engineer the organics–metal oxide heterojunction of inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Mechanistic studies disclose that the OPCBM treatment not only passivates the metal oxide surface defects, but also improves energetic alignment and conductivity of interlayer due to the excited charge transfer characteristics from azafulleroid to ZnOx. With the assistance of π‐orbital hybridization from fullerene to the beneath ZnOx (through anchoring group), the electronic coupling and charge transfer from organics to metal oxide are effectively enhanced through the mediation of OPCBM modifier. It enables the overall internal quantum efficiency (IQE) approaching 100% and fill factor of 0.77 for the PTB7‐Th:PC71BM based inverted OPVs, with the best PCE as high as 11.3%.
Aqueous‐Processed Polymer/Nanocrystals Hybrid Solar Cells: The Effects of Chlorine on the Synthesis of CdTe Nanocrystals, Crystal Growth, Defect Passivation, Photocarrier Dynamics, and Device Performance
Authors: Zeng Qingsen , Chen Zhaolai , Liu Fangyuan , Jin Gan , Du Xiaohang , Ji Tianjiao , Zhao Yue , Yue Yuanyuan , Wang Haiyu , Meng Dedong , Xie Tengfeng , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai
Published: January 2017

High‐quality nanocrystals (NCs) are vital to achieve high‐performance polymer/nanocrystals hybrid solar cells (HSCs). However, in‐depth investigation on aqueous CdTe NCs related properties is extraordinarily insufficient, thus, limiting the further improvement of the device performance of aqueous‐processed HSCs. In this work, the effects of chlorine (Cl) on the synthesis of aqueous CdTe NCs, crystal growth, defect passivation, photocarrier dynamics, and device performance are systematically investigated. We demonstrate that the surface trap states of as‐prepared aqueous CdTe NCs can be effectively passivated by introducing Cl ions in the synthetic process. In addition, it is discovered that Cl in the as‐prepared CdTe NCs can promote CdTe grain growth in the sintered process to reduce grain boundaries. The aqueous‐processed poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV)/CdTe HSCs are used as prototype solar cells to systematically study the influence of Cl on the electrical properties of CdTe NCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the HSCs based on CdTe NCs with optimal Cl content is improved by a factor of 25 compared to that based on the CdTe NCs without Cl. The ultrafast transient absorption (TA), transient photovoltage (TPV) and light intensity dependent open circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) measurements are implemented to systematically investigate the influence of Cl on photocarrier dynamics, including charge transfer, lifetime, and carrier recombination. The researches on carrier recombination indicate that the presence of Cl can effectively reduce nongeminate recombination to improve charge extraction efficiency, thus leading to elevated device performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the residual Cl after annealing also plays important roles in the highly efficient polymer/CdTe HSCs by passivating the trap states on the grain boundaries of CdTe NCs. Finally, this work suggests that the photovoltaic performance of HSCs can be further promoted through adopting improved passivation methods to reduce trap states on the grain boundaries in the future work.
Emerging of Inorganic Hole Transporting Materials For Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Rajeswari Ramireddy , Mrinalini Madoori , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: January 2017

Hole transporting material (HTM) is a significant component to achieve the high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Over the years, inorganic, organic and hybrid (organic‐inorganic) material based HTMs have been developed and investigated successfully. Today, perovskite solar cells achieved the efficiency of 22.1 % with with 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine) 9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as HTM. Nevertheless, synthesis and cost of organic HTMs is a major challenging issue and therefore alternative materials are required. From the past few years, inorganic HTMs showed large improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Recently CuOx reached the PCE of 19.0% with better stability. These developments affirms that inorganic HTMs are better alternativesto the organic HTMs for next generation PSCs. In this report, we mainly focussed on the recent advances of inorganic and hybrid HTMs for PSCs and highlighted the efficiency and stability of PSCs improved by changing metal oxides as HTMs. Consequently, we expect that energy levels of these inorganic HTMs matches very well with the valence band of perovskites and improved efficiency helps in future practical deployment of low cost PSCs.
Long‐term outcome of expanded newborn screening at Boston children's hospital: benefits and challenges in defining true disease
Authors: Landau Yuval E. , Waisbren Susan E. , Chan Lawrence M. A. , Levy Harvey L.
Published: January 2017

Introduction

There is no universal consensus of the disorders included in newborn screening programs. Few studies so far, mostly short‐term, have compared the outcome of disorders detected by expanded newborn screening (ENBS) to the outcome of the same disorders detected clinically.

Methods

We compared the clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with metabolic disorders detected by ENBS, including biotinidase testing, with those detected clinically and followed at the Metabolism Clinic at Boston Children's Hospital.

Results

One hundred eighty‐nine patients came to attention from ENBS and 142 were clinically diagnosed. 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase, biotinidase, and carnitine deficiencies were exclusively identified by ENBS and medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCADD) and very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (VLCADD) were predominantly identified by ENBS whereas the organic acid disorders more often came to attention clinically. Only 2% of the ENBS‐detected cases had clinically severe outcomes compared to 42% of those clinically detected. The mean IQ score was 103 + 17 for the ENBS‐detected cases and 77 + 24 for those clinically detected. Those newly included disorders that seem to derive the greatest benefit from ENBS include the fatty acid oxidation disorders, profound biotinidase deficiency, tyrosinemia type 1, and perhaps carnitine deficiency.

Conclusion

Although the NBS‐identified and clinically‐identified cohorts were not completely comparable, this long‐term study shows likely substantial improvement overall in the outcome of these metabolic disorders in the NBS infants. Infants with mild disorders and benign variants may represent a significant number of infants identified by ENBS. The future challenge will be to unequivocally differentiate the disorders most benefitting from ENBS and adjust programs accordingly.
Comparative Fingerprint Changes of Toxic Volatiles in Low PUFA Vegetable Oils Under Deep‐Frying
Authors: Molina‐Garcia L. , Santos C. S. P. , Cunha S. C. , Casal S. , Fernandes J. O.
Published: January 2017

The volatile fraction of three vegetable oils recommended for deep‐frying due to their high MUFA:PUFA ratios, namely extra‐virgin olive oil, peanut oil and canola oil, was compared before and after frying potatoes, with a particular focus on toxic volatiles. For the purpose, a headspace solid‐phase‐micro extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was optimized, with semi‐quantification achieved using two internal standards. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed, both before and after frying. From a total of 51 compounds, aldehydes were the main group formed after deep‐frying, their nature and abundance being highly associated with the initial fatty acid composition, particularly linoleic acid (r2 = −0.999, p ≤ 0.001). Globally, extra‐virgin olive oil revealed fewer formations of unsaturated aldehydes, including toxic ones, and correlated with lower amounts of degradation indicators, as polar compounds (r2 = 0.998, p ≤ 0.001) and p‐anisidine value (r2 = 0.991, p ≤ 0.001). Despite the similarities in total unsaturation degree between canola and peanut oils, the former presented lower amount of volatiles, including E,E‐2,4‐decadienal and acrolein, the more toxic ones. These results highlight for the pertinence of volatile analyses to evaluate and compare oil degradation under thermal and oxidative stress, while complementing other degradation indicators. Additionally, the optimized methodology allows a direct comparison of different oil matrices, supporting further developments into more general methods for volatiles quantification, enabling more efficient comparison of results between research teams.
Common Methodology for Cardiac and Ocular Artifact Suppression from EEG Recordings by Combining Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Regression Approach
Authors: Patel Rajesh , Gireesan K. , Sengottuvel S. , Janawadkar M. P. , Radhakrishnan T. S.
Published: January 2017

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive way of recording brain activities, making it useful for diagnosing various neurological disorders. However, artifact signals associated with eye blinks or the heart spread across the scalp, contaminating EEG recordings and making EEG data analysis difficult. To solve this problem, we implement a common methodology to suppress both cardiac and ocular artifact signal, by correlating the measured contaminated EEG signals with the clean reference electro-oculography (EOG) and electrocardiography (EKG) data and subtracting the scaled EOG and EKG from the contaminated EEG recording. In the proposed methodology, the clean EOG and EKG signals are extracted by subjecting the raw reference time-series data to ensemble empirical mode decomposition to obtain the intrinsic mode functions. Then, an unsupervised technique is used to capture the artifact components. We compare the distortion introduced into the brain signal after artifact suppression using the proposed method with those obtained using conventional regression alone and with a wavelet-based approach. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the other techniques, with an additional advantage of being a common methodology for the suppression of two types of artifact.
The associations of adolescents' dating violence victimization, well‐being and engagement in risk behaviors
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Ponnet Koen , Walrave Michel
Published: January 2017

This brief report describes dating violence victimization among adolescents in Flanders, Belgium, and focuses on how dating violence is related to adolescents' well‐being and engagement in risk behaviors, such as substance use, sexual behaviors, and engagement in vandalism or fighting. A survey was conducted in Flanders, Belgium among 1187 adolescents (61.3% female, n = 728). A total of 466 respondents between 16 and 22 years old (M = 17.82 years, SD = 0.92) were in a relationship (71.0% female, n = 331), and, therefore, formed the subsample of the present study. The results show that adolescents, who consume alcohol at a younger age, have ever used marihuana, or were involved in vandalism have a higher probability to become victim of dating violence than adolescents who are not involved in these behaviors. Dating violence victimization was also linked with symptoms of depression and a lower self‐esteem.
Digestive Fistula Due to Acetabular Protrusion: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Carlos Marqués , Francisco Melchor , David Pescador , Javier García Francisco , Francisco Blanco Juan
Published: January 2017

Intrapelvic migration of the acetabular component after primary or revision hip arthroplasty is a rare complication. We present a case of an intrapelvic migration of the acetabular component after a revision hip arthroplasty which led to an enteric fistula to the hip joint as well as to a sigmoid colon perforation.
Microsurgical Vascular Manipulation in Aneurysm Surgery and Delayed Ischemic Injury
Authors: Chohan Muhammad Omar , Carlson Andrew P. , Murray-Krezan Cristina , Taylor Christopher L. , Yonas Howard
Published: January 2017

Background: The role of aggressive surgical manipulation with clot evacuation, arachnoid dissection, and papaverine-guided adventitial dissection of large vessels during ruptured aneurysm surgery in reducing vasospasm is controversial. Here we describe a single-institution experience in aneurysm surgery outcomes with and without aggressive surgery. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of all patients >18 years of age with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from anterior circulation aneurysms between 2008 and 2013 at the University of New Mexico Hospital. Vasospasm was characterized on days 3 through 14 after SAH based on: (1) angiography, (2) vasospasm requiring angiographic intervention, (3) development of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), and (4) radiological appearance of new strokes. Results: Of 159 patients, 114 (71.6%) had “aggressive” and 45 (28.3%) had standard microsurgery. More than 60% of patients presented with a Hunt and Hess score of ≥3 and a Fisher grade (FG) of 4. Compared with standard surgery, there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of DIND in patients undergoing aggressive surgery (18.4% vs 37.8%, p=0.01). Moreover, there was a reduction in the number of new strokes by 30% in the aggressive surgery group with moderate or higher degrees of vasospasm (46.0% vs 76.5%, p=0.06). In the same group with FG 4 SAH, however, this difference was more than 50% (30% vs 64.7%, p=0.02). Conclusions: We conclude that aggressive surgical manipulation during aneurysm surgery results in lower incidence of DIND and new strokes. This effect is most pronounced in patients with FG 4 SAH.
Long-term Evaluation of the “Get Fit for Active Living” Program
Authors: Stathokostas Liza , Speechley Mark , Little Robert M. D. , Doerksen Shawna , Copeland Jennifer , Paterson Donald H.
Published: January 2017

Cette étude a examiné les niveaux de 6 et 12 mois d’adhésion à l’activité physique, les changements fonctionnels et les déterminants psychosociaux de l’activité physique chez 176 adultes âgés qui ont participé au programme pilote «Get Fit for Active Living» (GFAL). Des mesures fonctionnelles et psychosociales ont été menées en personne à 6 mois; à 12 mois, les mesures psychosociales et la participation à l’activité physique ont été évaluées par interview téléphonique. Quatre-vingt-quinze pour cent ont été retenus dans l’étude au suivi de 6 mois, et 88 pour cent à 12 mois. Le taux d’adhésion autodéclaré à l’exercice à 12 mois était de 66%. La principale raison de la participation continue dans l’exercice était de maintenir la santé (45%). Les motifs de non-respect étaient la maladie (38%) et le manque de motivation (32%). Les résultats identifient les facteurs associés aux changements positifs de comportement que les promoteurs peuvent utiliser lorsqu’ils ciblent une population âgée. Les résultats du projet GFAL peuvent servir de modèle pour des programmes d’exercices durables et communautaires pour les aînés.
Job Satisfaction: Insights from Home Support Care Workers in Three Canadian Jurisdictions
Authors: Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Fancey Pamela , Keefe Janice , Martin-Matthews Anne
Published: January 2017

Cette étude, utilisant des méthodes mixtes, a permis de déterminer les caractéristiques personnelles et professionnelles qui déterminent la satisfaction au travail des travailleurs de soutien à domicile (TSD) qui offrent de l’aide aux personnes âgées. Les données étaient fondées sur une mesure normalisée de la satisfaction au travail ainsi que sur des entretiens qualitatifs et approfondis avec 176 travailleurs de soutien à domicile de trois administrations provinciales canadiennes (Colombie-Britannique, n = 108; Ontario, n = 28; Nouvelle-Écosse, n = 40). Nous nous attendions à ce que la variabilité des profils démographiques parmi les trois groupes de travailleurs et des différentes fiches de poste soit associées à des différences dans la perception de satisfaction professionnelle. Ce n’était pas le cas. Les résultats de l’analyse qualitative mettent en lumière les principaux domaines qui ont contribué à la satisfaction au travail. Ces domaines concernent le travail (horaires, voyages d’affaires et sécurité), les questions économiques (sécurité de revenu) ou organisationnelles (communication, soutien et respect). Compte tenu de ces constatations, nous recommandons des améliorations en ce qui concerne la communication au lieu de travail, une plus grande marge de temps de déplacement entre les clients et la parité salariale avec des postes équivalents dans les établissements de soins de longue durée.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell neuropsychiatric toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Prudent Vasthie , Breitbart William S.
Published: January 2017

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are used in the treatment of B-cell leukemias. Common chimeric antigen receptor T-cell toxicities can range from mild flu-like symptoms, such as fever and myalgia, to a more striking neuropsychiatric toxicity that can present as discrete neurological symptoms and delirium. We report here two cases of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell neuropsychiatric toxicity, one who presented as a mild delirium and aphasia that resolved without intervention, and one who presented with delirium, seizures, and respiratory insufficiency requiring intensive treatment. The current literature on the treatment and proposed mechanisms of this clinically challenging chimeric antigen receptor T-cell complication is also presented.
Maternal undernutrition programs the apelinergic system of adipose tissue in adult male rat offspring
Authors: Lecoutre S. , Marousez L. , Drougard A. , Knauf C. , Guinez C. , Eberlé D. , Laborie C. , Vieau D. , Lesage J. , Breton C.
Published: January 2017

Based on the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease concept, maternal undernutrition has been shown to sensitize adult offspring to metabolic pathologies such as obesity. Using a model of maternal 70% food restriction in pregnant female rats throughout gestation (called FR30), we previously reported that obesity-prone adult male rat offspring displayed hyperleptinemia with modifications in leptin and leptin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in white adipose tissue (WAT). Apelin is a member of the adipokine family that regulates various aspects of energy metabolism and WAT functionality. We investigated whether apelin and its receptor APJ could be a target of maternal undernutrition. Adult male rat offspring from FR30 dams showed increased plasma apelin levels and apelin gene expression in WAT. Post-weaning high-fat diet led to marked increase in APJ mRNA and protein levels in offspring’s WAT. We demonstrate that maternal undernutrition and post-weaning diet have long-term consequences on the apelinergic system of adult male rat offspring.
Why We Must Tie Satellite Positioning to Tide Gauge Data
Authors: Woodworth P. , Wöppelmann G. , Marcos M. , Gravelle M. , Bingley R.
Published: January 2017

Accurate measurements of changes in sea and land levels with location and time require making precise, repeated geodetic ties between tide gauges and satellite positioning system equipment.
Evolutionary conservation and in vitro reconstitution of microsporidian iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis
Authors: Freibert Sven-A. , Goldberg Alina V. , Hacker Christian , Molik Sabine , Dean Paul , Williams Tom A. , Nakjang Sirintra , Long Shaojun , Sendra Kacper , Bill Eckhard , Heinz Eva , Hirt Robert P. , Lucocq John M , Embley T. Martin , Lill Roland
Published: January 2017

Microsporidians are obligate intracellular parasites that have minimized their genome content and sub-cellular structures by reductive evolution. Here, we demonstrate that cristae-deficient mitochondria (mitosomes) of Trachipleistophora hominis are the functional site of iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly, which we suggest is the essential task of these organelles. Cell fractionation, fluorescence imaging and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrate that mitosomes contain a complete pathway for [2Fe–2S] cluster biosynthesis that we biochemically reconstituted using purified mitosomal ISC proteins. The T. hominis cytosolic iron–sulfur protein assembly (CIA) pathway includes the essential Cfd1–Nbp35 scaffold complex that assembles a [4Fe–4S] cluster as shown by spectroscopic methods in vitro. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the ISC and CIA pathways are predominantly bacterial, but their cytosolic and nuclear target Fe/S proteins are mainly archaeal. This mixed evolutionary history of Fe/S-related proteins and pathways, and their strong conservation among highly reduced parasites, provides compelling evidence for the ancient chimeric ancestry of eukaryotes.
The mitotic kinesin-14 KlpA contains a context-dependent directionality switch
Authors: Popchock Andrew R. , Tseng Kuo-Fu , Wang Pan , Karplus P. Andrew , Xiang Xin , Qiu Weihong
Published: January 2017

Kinesin-14s are commonly known as nonprocessive minus end-directed microtubule motors that function mainly for mitotic spindle assembly. Here we show using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy that KlpA—a kinesin-14 from Aspergillus nidulans—is a context-dependent bidirectional motor. KlpA exhibits plus end-directed processive motility on single microtubules, but reverts to canonical minus end-directed motility when anchored on the surface in microtubule-gliding experiments or interacting with a pair of microtubules in microtubule-sliding experiments. Plus end-directed processive motility of KlpA on single microtubules depends on its N-terminal nonmotor microtubule-binding tail, as KlpA without the tail is nonprocessive and minus end-directed. We suggest that the tail is a de facto directionality switch for KlpA motility: when the tail binds to the same microtubule as the motor domain, KlpA is a plus end-directed processive motor; in contrast, when the tail detaches from the microtubule to which the motor domain binds, KlpA becomes minus end-directed.
Architecture and mechanism of the late endosomal Rab7-like Ypt7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex Mon1–Ccz1
Authors: Kiontke Stephan , Langemeyer Lars , Kuhlee Anne , Schuback Saskia , Raunser Stefan , Ungermann Christian , Kümmel Daniel
Published: January 2017

The Mon1–Ccz1 complex (MC1) is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rab GTPase Ypt7/Rab7 and is required for endosomal maturation and fusion at the vacuole/lysosome. Here we present the overall architecture of MC1 from Chaetomium thermophilum, and in combining biochemical studies and mutational analysis in yeast, we identify the domains required for catalytic activity, complex assembly and localization of MC1. The crystal structure of a catalytic MC1 core complex bound to Ypt7 provides mechanistic insight into its function. We pinpoint the determinants that allow for a discrimination of the Rab7-like Ypt7 over the Rab5-like Vps21, which are both located on the same membrane. MC1 shares structural similarities with the TRAPP complex, but employs a novel mechanism to promote nucleotide exchange that utilizes a conserved lysine residue of Ypt7, which is inserted upon MC1 binding into the nucleotide-binding pocket of Ypt7 and contributes to specificity.
VGLL4 targets a TCF4–TEAD4 complex to coregulate Wnt and Hippo signalling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jiao Shi , Li Chuanchuan , Hao Qian , Miao Haofei , Zhang Lei , Li Lin , Zhou Zhaocai
Published: January 2017

Concerted co-regulation of multiple signalling pathways is crucial for tissue homoeostasis and tumorigenesis. Here we report that VGLL4, a previously identified YAP antagonist, also functions as a regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The expression of VGLL4 is significantly downregulated in clinical colorectal carcinoma (CRC) specimens, positively associated with patient survival rate, and inversely correlated with the expression of Wnt target genes in CRCs. Knockdown of VGLL4 enhances proliferation and tumour formation of CRC cells. A designed peptide mimicking the function of VGLL4 effectively inhibits CRC progression in a de novo mouse model. Mechanistically, TEAD4 associates with TCF4 to form a complex and cobind target genes. VGLL4 targets this TEAD4–TCF4 complex to interfere the functional interplay between TEAD4 and TCF4, suppressing the transactivation of TCF4. Collectively, our study indicates that Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo-YAP signalling are directly linked at transcription factor-level, and VGLL4 can target a TEAD4–TCF4 complex to co-regulate both pathways.
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase PPEF-1 suppresses genotoxic stress response via dephosphorylation of PDCD5
Authors: Park Soo-Yeon , Seo Jaesung , Choi Hyo-Kyoung , Oh Hye-Jeong , Guk Garam , Lee Yoo-Hyun , Lee Jeongmin , Jun Woo Jin , Choi Kyung-Chul , Yoon Ho-Geun
Published: January 2017

Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is believed to play a crucial role in p53 activation; however, the underlying mechanism of how PDCD5 function is regulated during apoptosis remains obscure. Here, we report that the serine/threonine phosphatase PPEF-1 interacts with and dephosphorylates PDCD5 at Ser-119, which leads to PDCD5 destabilization. Overexpression of wild-type PPEF-1, but not inactive PPEF-1D172N, efficiently suppressed CK2α-mediated stabilization of PDCD5 and p53-mediated apoptosis in response to etoposide (ET). Conversely, PPEF-1 knockdown further enhanced genotoxic stress responses. Notably, PPEF-1 suppressed p53-mediated genotoxic stress response via negative regulation of PDCD5. We also determined that overexpression of wild-type PPEF-1, but not inactive PPEF-1D172N, significantly increased tumorigenic growth and chemoresistance of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PPEF-1 plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells by reducing PDCD5-mediated genotoxic stress responses.
Evaluation of HDPE and LDPE degradation by fungus, implemented by statistical optimization
Authors: Ojha Nupur , Pradhan Neha , Singh Surjit , Barla Anil , Shrivastava Anamika , Khatua Pradip , Rai Vivek , Bose Sutapa
Published: January 2017

Plastic in any form is a nuisance to the well-being of the environment. The ‘pestilence’ caused by it is mainly due to its non-degradable nature. With the industrial boom and the population explosion, the usage of plastic products has increased. A steady increase has been observed in the use of plastic products, and this has accelerated the pollution. Several attempts have been made to curb the problem at large by resorting to both chemical and biological methods. Chemical methods have only resulted in furthering the pollution by releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere; whereas; biological methods have been found to be eco-friendly however they are not cost effective. This paves the way for the current study where fungal isolates have been used to degrade polyethylene sheets (HDPE, LDPE). Two potential fungal strains, namely, Penicillium oxalicum NS4 (KU559906) and Penicillium chrysogenum NS10 (KU559907) had been isolated and identified to have plastic degrading abilities. Further, the growth medium for the strains was optimized with the help of RSM. The plastic sheets were subjected to treatment with microbial culture for 90 days. The extent of degradation was analyzed by, FE-SEM, AFM and FTIR. Morphological changes in the plastic sheet were determined.
Erratum: IL-33 Contributes to Schistosoma japonicum-induced Hepatic Pathology through Induction of M2 Macrophages
Authors: Peng Hui , Zhang Qixian , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Zhen , Shen Jia , Sun Rui , Wei Jie , Zhao Jia , Wu Xiaoying , Feng Feng , Zhong Shuping , Sun Xi , Wu Zhongdao
Published: January 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 29844; published online: 21 July 2016; updated: 04 January 2017 In this Article, there are errors in the affiliations for Qixian Zhang and XiaoJuan Li. The correct affiliations are listed below Qixian Zhang Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-senUniversity), the Ministry of Education PRC, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract in vitro
Authors: Elosta Abdulhakim , Slevin Mark , Rahman Khalid , Ahmed Nessar
Published: January 2017

Protein glycation involves formation of early (Amadori) and late advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) together with free radicals via autoxidation of glucose and Amadori products. Glycation and increased free radical activity underlie the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. This study investigated whether aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract in vitro in a cell-free system. Proteins were glycated by incubation with sugars (glucose, methylglyoxal or ribose) ±5–15 mg/mL of aged and fresh garlic extracts. Advanced glycation endproducts were measured using SDS-PAGE gels and by ELISA whereas Amadori products were assessed by the fructosamine method. Colorimetric methods were used to assess antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging capacity, protein-bound carbonyl groups, thiol groups and metal chelation activities in addition to phenolic, total flavonoid and flavonol content of aged and fresh garlic extracts. Aged garlic inhibited AGEs by 56.4% compared to 33.5% for an equivalent concentration of fresh garlic extract. Similarly, aged garlic had a higher total phenolic content (129 ± 1.8 mg/g) compared to fresh garlic extract (56 ± 1.2 mg/g). Aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract and is more suitable for use in future in vivo studies.
Intercalative DNA binding of the marine anticancer drug variolin B
Authors: Canals Albert , Arribas-Bosacoma Raquel , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes , Aymamí Joan , Coll Miquel
Published: January 2017

Variolin B is a rare marine alkaloid that showed promising anti-cancer activity soon after its isolation. It acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, although the precise mechanism through which it exerts the cytotoxic effects is still unknown. The crystal structure of a variolin B bound to a DNA forming a pseudo-Holliday junction shows that this compound can also contribute, through intercalative binding, to either the formation or stabilization of multi-stranded DNA forms.
KRAS-mutation incidence and prognostic value are metastatic site-specific in lung adenocarcinoma: poor prognosis in patients with KRAS mutation and bone metastasis
Authors: Lohinai Zoltan , Klikovits Thomas , Moldvay Judit , Ostoros Gyula , Raso Erzsebet , Timar Jozsef , Fabian Katalin , Kovalszky Ilona , Kenessey István , Aigner Clemens , Renyi-Vamos Ferenc , Klepetko Walter , Dome Balazs , Hegedus Balazs
Published: January 2017

Current guidelines lack comprehensive information on the metastatic site-specific role of KRAS mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We investigated the effect of KRAS mutation on overall survival (OS) in this setting. In our retrospective study, 500 consecutive Caucasian metastatic LADC patients with known KRAS mutational status were analyzed after excluding 32 patients with EGFR mutations. KRAS mutation incidence was 28.6%. The most frequent metastatic sites were lung (45.6%), bone (26.2%), adrenal gland (17.4%), brain (16.8%), pleura (15.6%) and liver (11%). Patients with intrapulmonary metastasis had significantly increased KRAS mutation frequency compared to those with extrapulmonary metastases (35% vs 26.5%, p = 0.0125). In contrast, pleural dissemination and liver involvement were associated with significantly decreased KRAS mutation incidence (vs all other metastatic sites; 17% (p < 0.001) and 16% (p = 0.02) vs 33%, respectively). Strikingly, we found a significant prognostic effect of KRAS status only in the bone metastatic subcohort (KRAS-wild-type vs KRAS-mutant; median OS 9.7 v 3.7 months; HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.79; p = 0.003). Our study suggests that KRAS mutation frequency in LADC patients shows a metastatic site dependent variation and, moreover, that the presence of KRAS mutation is associated with significantly worse outcome in bone metastatic cases.