bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Vegetation Indices for Urban Tree Segmentation in Street View Images
Authors: Arevalo-Ramirez Tito , Alfaro Anali , Saavedra José M. , Recabarren Matías , Ponce-Donoso Mauricio , Delpiano José
Published: January 2023

Urban forests play a crucial role in the development of cities because of the urban ecosystem services they provide. Previous works have alleviated urban forest monitoring by discriminating tree species and performing tree inventories using street view images and convolutional neural networks. However, the characterization of trees from street-view images remains a challenging task. Determining tree structural parameters has been limited because of inaccurate tree segmentation caused by combined, occluded, or leaf-off trees. Therefore, the current work evaluates the potential of vegetation indices derived from red, green, blue, and synthesized near-infrared and red-edge spectral bands for urban tree segmentation. In particular, we attempt to show whether or not vegetation indices add relevant information to deep neural segmentation networks when there are low fine-tuning training samples. A conditional adversarial network generates red-edge and near-infrared images in urban environments, which retrieve an average structural similarity index of 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, we note that by using appropriate multispectral vegetation indices, one can boost the average intersection over the union between 5.07 % to 13.7 %. Specifically, we suggest the SegFormer segmentation network pre-trained with the CityScapes dataset and Red Edge Modified Simple Ration index for improving urban tree segmentation. However, if no multispectral data is available, the DeepLabV3 network pre-trained with the ADE20k dataset is suggested because it could achieve the best RGB outcomes average IoU value of 0.671. 
Electrode Effects in mmWave Frequency Multilayer Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
Authors: Peng Wenhao
Published: January 2023

Electrodes are placed in acoustic resonators to set electrical boundary conditions, and they inevitably are acoustically part of the structure for a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator that affect both its electromechanical coupling coefficient and its quality factor. In this work, a modal analysis is performed to obtain a closed-form expression for electromechanical coupling coefficient from material constants. The impact on electromechanical coupling coefficient effects due to the characterstic acoustic impedance of electrodes is observed in half wavelength per layer structures. Thermoelastic damping (TED) has been identified as the dominant acoustic loss mechanism in conductors. In this work, acoustic quality factors due to TED for common metals in  microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing are calculated to facilitate the observation of the quality factor effects of electrodes. It is observed that there are different strengths among characteristic acoustic impedance, acoustic quality factor, and electrical conductivity in different electrode metals.
Design of Anomalous Reflectors by Phase Gradient Unit Cell Based Digitally Coded Metasurface
Authors: Raju Malleboina , Dash Jogesh Chandra , Sarkar Debdeep
Published: January 2023

In this letter, we propose the designs of 1-bit and 2-bit digitally coded metasurfaces, which achieve anomalous reflection-based beam-steering. First, we demonstrate the systematic design flow of coded metasurface using phase gradient digital unit cells to achieve anomalous reflection in the preferred direction for a normally incident plane wave. Initially, the design procedure is analytically implemented  to get the phase profiles for 1-bit and 2-bit digitally coded metasurfaces having equal sizes of $10\lambda_0 \times 10\lambda_0$ (where $\lambda_0$ is the free space wavelength at $5.9$ GHz) for a specific reflection angle, $(\theta_r=30^0,\phi_r=0^0)$, and subsequently, the far-field plots are generated. Furthermore, these phase profiles are used to generate 3D-CAD models of the 1-bit and 2-bit metasurfaces using CST, and the desired far-field patterns are obtained having half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of $5^0$. It is observed that the 1-bit coded metasurface produces additional side-lobe levels, which are minimized by use of 2-bit coding. Finally, the proposed 1-bit and 2-bit coded metasurfaces are fabricated, and the anomalously reflected far-field beam is detected by the received power at desired reflection angle and comparing the results with a perfect electric conductor (PEC). The proposed design is suitable for V2X communications and can be scaled to other frequencies.
Optical gyroscopes, reflection mirrors, wavelength interleavers and filters using Sagnac interference in integrated photonics
Authors: Moss David
Published: January 2023

As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). Here, we present our latest results for functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. We outline the theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. We present our latest results for Sagnac interference devices realized in integrated photonic chips, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, and optical analogues of quantum physics. 
Model for Light Extraction Efficiency of MicroLEDs
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: January 2023

For the first time, a semi-analytic formulation of the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of MicroLEDs is presented. The model is based on light tracing equations and delineates the contributions of reflection on the sidewalls of the MicroLEDs to enhance LEE compared to large LED.
A novel neural network-based data acquisition system targeting high-speed electrical tomography systems
Authors: Tiwari Varun Kumar , Meribout Mahmoud , Alhammadi Khalid , Al Sayari Naji , Khezzar Lyes
Published: January 2023

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT), high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and fast data acquisition are simultaneously required in several applications. However, these two targets are usually compromising and require careful hardware design for the data acquisition (DAQ) system. In this paper, the design of a quick DAQ for an EIT system is suggested to accommodate a large number of electrodes (i.e., 32 electrodes or more). The solution consists of using a very high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize the output analog signals corresponding to all possible pairs of electrodes within the same cycle in a time-multiplexed manner. Feature extraction is then performed for each channel in real-time within the actual electric current excitation cycle to proceed with the image reconstruction. Various artificial neural network (ANN) models with customized loss functions were assessed, and the optimal model selection approach using the grid search technique is presented. The feature considered in this paper was the peak-to-peak signal amplitude for each channel. Contrary to other previous hardware accelerators, the suggested apparatus does not need to use a multi-frequency current source. Thus, the data acquisition system is simpler since it does not require the use of high-quality, narrow-band pass-band filters for different frequencies. This gives the opportunity for electrical tomography systems to operate at a very high throughput that can easily exceed 2,800 frames per second for a 50 kHz excitation signal using 32 electrodes, for instance. An extensive experimental testing work using the suggested approach reveals that peak estimation can be achieved with an accuracy of more than 98% even for signals with 40 dB SNRs.
A cultura na Europa humanista de David Sassoli: reflexões sobre o projeto das Capitais Europeias da Cultura (CEC)
Authors: Sidoncha Urbano , Sidoncha Idalina
Published: January 2023

Europe, as the title of this collective book indicates, is a project under construction and David Sassoli, who is honored here, one of its most striking and memorable builders. European construction, despite all the deviations and hesitations that distinguish every single genuine human situation, has been based on a set of values that represent our own identity, in the full recognition of all the differences that simultaneously nourish it. Culture has progressively played a major role in this lasting European undertaking. In this chapter, by honoring a man who hoped for a better spiritual condition for Europe, we reassess one of the main instruments for establishing a cultural path in Europe: the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) project. The record and the tone of the following pages is far beyond the usual scope of mere description. Guided by the inspiring example of Sassoli, we face up to suggest a set of measures that will allow the ECOC action to fully meet its purpose, thus contributing to make the cultural option in Europe truly irreversible.
Discursos Entrelaçados: David Sassoli e a renovação do projeto europeu
Authors: Paolinelli Luisa M. Antunes
Published: January 2023

In his last speech as President of the European Parliament, on 16 December 2022, addressed to the heads of state of the European Union and entitled "Europe must show allegiance to its citizens“, David Sassoli underlines the importance of thinking about the Europe of the future. Bearing in mind the history and memory of the continent, the roots of the Euroean culture and its long traditions of humanistic and scientific knowledge, he presents three axes of development - innovation, protection and dissemination - for a Europe that must be thought of as a project, dynamic, hopeful, young spirited and faithful to its humanist and democratic basis.
Os príncipes e as princesas de Florbela
Authors: da Silva Fabio Mario , Goor Iracema
Published: January 2023

Images of “princes” and “princesses” can be found in a number of Florbela Espanca’s works. Indeed in some poems she goes as far as to represent herself as such, highlighting these terms in both titles and content, notably, in two sonnets. Our intention here is to analyze these representations first as something recurrent in European literature and then by examining the way Florbela takes them up, deploying two very characteristic angles of her poetics, namely her values. However, we will first review the historical context in which the poetess lived, more specifically in Vila Viçosa, with its palaces and castles,which housed the last of Portugal’s kings.
Grafting compatibility between Okra cultivars and root-knot nematode resistant Kenaf
Authors: Silva Edgard Henrique Costa , Versuti Jonathan , Braz Leila Trevisan
Published: January 2023

The use of intergeneric grafting has been reported as an alternative to manage root­knot nematodes in okra, but the compatibility for grafting has only been tested in a few okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cultivars. The kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is resistant to root­knot nematode species and is a potential rootstock for okra. The objective was to study the compatibility of kenaf as rootstock with okra cultivars. It was used a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 3x10, with five repetitions. The compatibility was assessed by measuring several vegetative characteristics. All cultivars are compatible for grafting with kenaf as rootstock. Grafting onto kenaf may be an option to control root­knot nematodes.
Comparison of 18 Iranian caprifig cultivars based on some morphological and biochemical parameters
Authors: Jamali Babak , Amin Hosein
Published: January 2023

Caprifig is a valuable candidate for fig breeding programs as it typically grows naturally under non-optimal conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate the biochemical/morphological characteristics of 18 caprifig cultivars indigenous to the Darab region/southern Iran with 4 replications in a completely randomized block design. From each cultivar, healthy uniform leaf samples and spring fruits were taken and analyzed. Our results showed that 'Naneghasem' had the highest leaf α-tocopherol and polyphenol concentration. The highest leaf ascorbic acid concentration was obtained from the Gol Khengi cultivar (17.03 μg g-1 fresh weight). Also, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins were significantly different among the studied cultivars. Various cultivars had different absorption potentials for essential elements as macro and micronutrients concentration in the leaves were statistically different in various caprifigs; 'Naneghasem' had the highest Ca (4.46 mg g-1 dry weight) and Fe (67.71 mg kg-1 dry weight) concentration and the highest leaf K concentration (22.46 mg g-1 dry weight) was observed in 'Mahali Layzengan'. In conclusion, 'Naneghasem' was evaluated as a cultivar which seems to be more morphologically- and biochemically-distant from other studied caprifig varieties and probably more adaptable/tolerant to environmental conditions.
An analysis on the impacts of cryogenic freezing on raspberry quality
Authors: Gales Oliver , Jones Joanna , Swarts Nigel
Published: January 2023

Counter-season supply of horticultural products is of increasing demand. Consumers are demanding annual supply of raspberries, which has historically been challenging due to their seasonal summer supply and characteristically high metabolism resulting in a short shelf life and limited period of availability. However, the development of freezing technologies for increasing the length of storage of raspberries offers an opportunity for continual supply of premium quality raspberries. We investigated berry quality after freezing whole fresh raspberries, comparing conventional freezing methods with a modern cryogenic freezing method over a period of six months. Significant increases in total soluble solids, titratable acidity, hue and chroma were found when raspberries were frozen compared to fresh raspberries. No overall difference in berry quality was observed between freezing methods for any parameter assessed. When assessed at time intervals, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, chroma and hue were consistent between freezing methods for all durations of time frozen. These findings provide decision support for producers and distributors pursuing a novel counter season supply chain.
Penerapan Media Kancing Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan pada Anak di TPA Fathina
Authors: Ulfah St. Maria
Published: January 2023

Penelitian tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan di TPA Fathina  kabupaten Majene. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk  meningkatkan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui media kancing pada anak TPA Fathina  kabupaten Majene  yang berjumlah 15 anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022  dalam dua siklus, dimana masing-masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Siklus I terdiri dari lima pertemuan , demikian pula halnya dengan Siklus II. Hasil penelitian  di TPA Fathina mengalami peningkatan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui media kancing dengan melihat rata-rata hasil belajar pada siklus I berada pada kategori kurang mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II dengan berada pada kategori baik
Connection of Low Serum Testosterone Levels in Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Diagnosis of Critic Iliac Artery Stenosis (TASC II A and B) and Can Exercise Improve those Levels and Primary Potency of Revascularization after Surgical and Endovascular Treatment? (Pilot Study)
Authors: Solaković Sid , Spahović Hajrudin , Pavlović Ratko , Jogunčić Anes , Solaković Nina , Vrcić Mensur , Hajrulahović Fedja
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Low concentration of free testosterone and low serum testosterone levels are associated in males patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease and in some cases in connection with critic iliac stenosis and also in most cases with lack of physical activity. Exercise can be also important factor to improve primary bypass and endovascular potency and general health benefits after surigal and endovascular treatment in patients with critical ishemia over 75% of lumen obstruction of short liiac artery segment have positive impact on improvemt of generely Testosterone Levels. Subjects and Methods: 72 selected Patients with Cardiovascular Disease with Metabolic Syndrome and Critic Iliac Artery Stenosis (TASC II A and B) were observed in period 3 years between ferbruary 2015 and ferbruary 2018. In focus was 1 year potency after invasive and minimalinvasive tertmant (45 patients treated with surgical dacron reconstruction and 25 patients with endovascular tretmant of short segment critical iliac artery stenosis (TASC II A and B). Results: In the total population no difference in changes of CIMT from baseline was observed between the standard exercise group and controls. However, there was no significant interaction between the effect of exercise training and primary bypass potency during 1 year. Conclusion: Primary potency of Endovascular procedure and Dacron bypass revascularization after 1 year in exercise training group significantly rise of testosterone levels higher but still not therapy adequate. With potential optimization testosterone therapy levels we can answer of the question. Is any major influence on primary bypass potency and are higher levels of free testosterone are preventing further progressing of cardiovascular disease and generel symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerosis?
Pelindungan Hukum Hak Cipta Terhadap Reini Wirahadikusumah Sebagai Orang yang Menjadi Objek dalam Karya Cipta Potret yang Diunggah Tanpa Izin Sebagai Aset Digital Non-Fungible Token (NFT)
Authors: Batara Siahaan Gibson , Rafianti Laina , Haffas Mustofa
Published: January 2023

Currenct technological developments support humans to be able to carry out economic activities without regional boundaries problems. One of the impacts is the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) technology that supports security in investement activites of copyrighted works that are converted into digital assets on digital platforms. However, the platform is also used by the irresponsible parties as a medium for copyright infringement, such as in the case of unauthorized sale of Reini Wirahadikusumah’s potrait as Chancellor of ITB on the OpenSea platform. This study aims to understand the legal protection related to the rights of Reini Wirahadikusumah as the person in the potret work and the appropriate legal action taken by Reini Wirahadikusumah for the illegal sale of the potrait work.
Por que ela não fez nada? Explicando a não reatividade em mulheres estupradas por líderes religiosos
Authors: Fonseca Lícia , Martins Liliane
Published: January 2023

A violência sexual em contextos religiosos tem sido denunciada de forma mais recorrente, mas subsistem mitos e preconceitos que interferem na prática jurídica e na forma como as vítimas são assistidas, principalmente quando parecem não ter oferecido resistência a seus agressores ou demoram a relatar o estupro. Este artigo foi construído de modo a reunir e discutir dados que demonstrem a legitimidade das dificuldades de reação, sejam imediatas ou tardias, por parte de pessoas abusadas por seus líderes espirituais. São apresentados aspectos contextuais, neurobiológicos, entre outros, que traduzem a vulnerabilidade das fiéis e a improbabilidade de consentirem com o ato sexual nesses cenários. Tais elementos merecem ser cuidadosamente considerados por todos os profissionais que atuam nessa área.
MODELLING THE PERFORMANCE OF A CAMEL MILK STORAGE STRUCTURE WITH EVAPORATIVE COOLING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Obuoro Wayua Francis , Wandayi Okoth Michael
Published: January 2023

Storage and marketing of camel milk in arid lands of Kenya is hampered by lack of cold storage facilities. This  problem  can  be  alleviated  by  using  storage  structures  incorporating  evaporative  cooling  whose performance depends on climatic conditions. The objective of this work was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict cooled milk temperature and cooling efficiency of a locally fabricated cooler. Data were obtained from the cooler which was tested under various experimental conditions. Using some of the experimental data for training, a three-layer feed-forward ANN model based on back propagation Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was developed using the Neural Network Toolbox for MATLAB®. The optimal model had a 4-4-2 structure with sigmoid transfer function in both layers. The inputs of the model were ambient dry bulb temperature,  wet  bulb temperature, wind speed  and temperature of drip water, whereas the  outputs were  cooled  milk  temperature and  cooling  efficiency.  The  experimental  data  set (n=165) was randomly divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) sub-sets. The performance of the ANN predictions was evaluated by comparing the predicted and experimental results. The predictions agreed well with experimental values with mean squared error of 10.2, mean relative error of 4.02% and correlation coefficients in the range of 0.86-0.93. This study reveals that, as an alternative to conventional modelling  techniques,  the  ANN approach  can  be  used  successfully for  predicting the  performance  of locally fabricated camel milk storage structures incorporating evaporative cooling in arid pastoral areas of Kenya. The model can be used as a design tool to estimate the sizing and performance of future coolers, as it allows the prediction of the performance of hypothetical coolers designed without a need for time demanding experimentation. This can aid in up-scaling the technology.
EFFECT OF THREE FEEDSTOCKS MIX ON BRIQUETTES’ PHYSICAL AND COMBUSTION PROPERTIES
Authors: W.M. Okwara , D. M. Nyaanga , P. Kabok
Published: January 2023

Significant quantities of biomass are available in Africa for conversion into domestic energy sources. However, they are underutilized due to poor physical and combustion properties. Knowledge about the effect of briquettes with three feedstocks has not been fully studied. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess effect of three feedstocks mix on briquettes’ physical and combustion properties. The feedstocks; rice husk- maize cobs and bagasse were carbonized in a drum kiln and mixed at different ratios (1:1:1, 1:2:2, 1:3:3, 2:1:2, 2:2:3, 2:3:1, 3:1:3, 3:2:1 and 3:3:2) before densification using screw press technique. Briquettes were sampled for Laboratory testing. At the optimal ratio, 3:2:1, physical properties; moisture content and density values were 6.43% and 904 kg/m3 respectively. Results showed values of 3.63% for ash content, 18.56% for volatile matter, 77.81% for fixed carbon and 29.04 MJ/kg for calorific value. Number and type of feedstocks are thus factors influencing physical and combustion characteristics of briquettes in converting agricultural wastes to useful energy application. Findings from this study are therefore useful to briquettes users, as a source of clean energy, in making right choices on feedstocks mix ratios during densification thus realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs #7).
ESTIMATION OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF EXPANDED BLACK COTTON SOIL
Authors: S. Nyakach , J.O Onyando , S.F.O Owido
Published: January 2023

In the study a hydroponic medium was prepared from black cotton soil and rice husks. The process involved mixing, moulding, firing and size reduction. The aggregates were prepared at 750°C, 30 minutes and 9:1 for firing temperature, time and ratio of black cotton soil to rice husk (on a weight basis) respectively. Size reduction was done to give a 90:5:5 composition of sand, silt and clay sized particles. The Hydrus 1D version 4.16.0110 model was used to estimate the hydraulic parameters. The results were 0.1 cm3 cm-3, 0.55 cm3 cm-3, 0.01, 1.91, 0.00368 cm s-1 and -1 for Өr, Өs, ά, n, Ks and l respectively. The goodness of fit (R2) and Root Mean Square error (RMSE) used to evaluate the model gave values of 0.83 and 0.0895 cm3 cm-3 respectively. This showed that the model estimations were within acceptable ranges and can be applied to determine the water retention and hydraulic conductivity of the expanded black cotton soil aggregates at varied saturation.
MODELING SUBSOILING DRAFT REQUIREMENTS USING DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: S.O. Abich , A.N. Gitau , D. M. Nyaanga
Published: January 2023

Increased conventional tillage of farming operations has increased soil compaction. The objective of this study was to model the effects of soil compaction on draft force of sub soiling silt loam soils using dimensional analysis. A factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Block design was used in the study. Experiments were conducted on 18 plots to investigate the effect of five-wheel pass (1, 2, 3, 4. 5) and control treatments on soil mechanico-physical properties at 0 - 20, 20 - 20 and 30 - 40 cm depths with three replications. The data obtained from the experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and the student t-test. Dimensional analysis was investigated for its draft prediction accuracy.  It was concluded that the prediction ability of the model was satisfactory since its R2 value and RMSE were 0.8722 and 2.256 kN respectively.
THE PRINCIPALS’ LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING JOB DESCRIPTION AT MAN 2 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Mizal Basidin , Hasnaini Hasnaini , Tathahira Tathahira
Published: January 2023

The leadership of the madrasa principal substantially plays a significant role in promoting the quality of an educational institution. Implementing the job description in specific departments should be carefully applied and fulfill the applied procedures. The objective of this study was to find out the process of job description application conducted by the principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh. This study is categorized as qualitative research, employing observation, interview, and documentation as data collection techniques. The data were analyzed through several steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The findings of this study indicated that the principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh has administratively implemented job description management based on the existing regulation. Managerially, the principal held specific tests for the employees (teachers and staff) assigning the job description. In addition, conditions and criteria were established in deciding the job description, namely formation request, educational background, working experience, physical and mental health, age, social relationship, and so on. The principal of MAN 2 Banda Aceh faced some obstacles in placing the job description encompassing internal and external factors, namely the mindset and culture-set of employees. At the same time, externally, they were influenced by the complex skill and possible personal and political interests of personnel.
ANALISA PERUBAHAN TERENCANA ORGANISASI DALAM SUKSESI BISNIS KELUARGA PADA PT.TUNGGAL JAYA
Authors: Setiyawati Ummi Azizah
Published: January 2023

Abstract:  A family business is built to last a long time to come. The regeneration that has been running now needs to be developed and evaluated to improve the success of family business leaders in the current family business struggle in managing family businesses that have been successful by analyzing the roles of leaders and managers of family businesses in PT. Tunggal Jaya. This research uses qualitative methods and the data collection is done by interviewing the main sources and taking surveys of several prospective successors. In this study, researchers tried to study planned change with the Kurt Lewin theory method which was implemented in companies as an analysis of the success of a family business in developing a company and managing the company. From the results of interviews conducted it can be seen from the leaders of the company and parties associated with the company at PT. Tunggal Jaya through technological developments, global competition and demographics that increase the adaptation of which company in the future. The presence of improved performance when employees discuss and embrace the company towards improving quality together to make commitments in the company

 

Keywords: Family Business, Employee Performance, Planned Change Organization
Editorial Note, Issue 2, Vol 16 – 2022
Authors: Lemnitzer Ann
Published: January 2023

As 2022 comes to an end, we are grateful for all lessons learned and meaningful contributions that the DFI Journal has received to advance our state of knowledge in deep foundation engineering. We have once again enjoyed a wide variety of papers pertaining to construction and analysis techniques, new methodologies and applications, construction and projects taken to new heights, and research pushed to help our industry to move forward in more reliable, high-performing, and sustainable directions. This issue includes papers of DFI’s 2022 paper competitions including winning and runner up papers, papers generated as part of DFI’s technical committee projects, and excellent research and case study contributions from across the geo-disciplines (e.g., geo-environmental, geo-structural, geo-technological).
Ciencias sociales y Big Data
Authors: Seminario Córdova Renzo Antonio
Published: January 2023

The objective of this research was to explore and characterize the main big data repositories in the area of ​​social sciences available in 2021. The research design was non-experimental, exploratory and descriptive. The population consisted of 110 big data located by the Google dataset search engine. The sample corresponded to the top 10 big data. The results indicated that the most important big data repositories and platforms are centralized by the private sector located in US companies, fundamentally.
Facturación electrónica como obligación tributaria para los contribuyentes del régimen general en Portoviejo
Authors: Intriago Pinargote Helen Mileisha , Loor Loor Kerly Isabel , Cedeño Coya Jennifer Yuctemy
Published: January 2023

El 18 de agosto del 2022, el Servicio de Rentas Internas emitió una resolución el cual a partir del 29 de noviembre del 2022 se autoriza el uso obligatorio del sistema de facturación electrónica en todo el Ecuador, mediadas adoptadas por el gobierno para coadyuvar y fortalecer el sistema tributario, debido aquello el contribuyente está obligado a emitir comprobantes de ventas, retención y documento complementario mediante mensaje de datos, las ventajas y desventajas que contempla la implementación del sistema de facturación electrónica son diversas, Por esta razón, el presente artículo está enfocado en el análisis bibliográfico y elaboración de encuesta desarrollada a un total de 84 negocios del cantón Portoviejo, con el objetivo de conocer la aceptación que tiene el contribuyente acerca del sistema de facturación electrónica, medidas impulsadas por el Régimen general del estado, no obstante, los resultados de la encuesta demuestran insatisfacción y rechazo del proyecto del sistema de facturación electrónica por parte del contribuyente y otras imposiciones como el pago de 60 dólares anuales y el incremento de la tabla del impuesto a la renta, también se observa, que no todo los contribuyentes del sector Portoviejo tiene acceso a un dispositivo con internet para ejecutar  factura electrónica. Por ende, se sostiene la idea de que los primeros meses, ya una vez puesto en marcha dicho proyecto, se podría presenciar como una etapa de prueba, hasta que el contribuyente se adapte al sistema.
Ambientes educativos y aprendizaje significativo en los niños de inicial –Paucartambo - Pasco
Authors: Gamion Heredia Monica , Condori Contreras Shamira , Martínez Martínez Isabella Francheska Vanessa
Published: January 2023

El estudio realizado que presentamos se define de que importantes son los espacios educativos para un aprendizaje significativo se planteó el objetivo que es Determinar cómo influyen los ambientes educativos en el aprendizaje significativo de los niños de Educación Inicial en la Región Pasco. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión sistemática en relación a las variables de estudio teniendo como referencia 20 revistar investigadas de los cinco últimos años. Se realizaron filtros por idiomas, años, publicaciones, para la búsqueda utilizamos, Scielo, luego se pasó a sistematizarlo el trabajo con el uso de palabras claves o los términos más empleador fueron Ambientes, factores de espacio, Exploración, Desplazamiento, (Montessori et al., 2021). La inquietud nos permite indagar que, sobre nuestro tema de espacios educativos, puesto   que este problema de espacios o ambientes de aprendizaje es un problema mundial por los escasos aportaciones a la educación de los estudiantes
Incidencia del covid-19 en el rendimiento académico de la asignatura de matemáticas
Authors: Sinche Delgado Andrea Viviana
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia del Covid-19 en el rendimiento académico de la asignatura de matemáticas de los estudiantes en la Escuela de Educación Básica “Alonso de Mercadillo de la ciudad de Loja Métodos: Investigación de tipo No experimental y transversal, con alcance descriptivo y enfoque cuantitativo. La población de estudio fueron los estudiantes de Primero hasta Séptimo año de Educación Básica General de la Escuela de Educación Básica “Alonso de Mercadillo” ubicado en la ciudad de Loja, con la que se aplicó el instrumento encuesta. Resultados: Se evidenció que la modalidad virtual no facilita a los estudiantes adquirir una gran cantidad de conocimientos, puesto que no logran comprender con facilidad los temas, además de la distracción durante clases y la falta de elaboración de ejercicios prácticos. Por lo que se concluye que el rendimiento académico es bajo dentro de la asignatura de matemáticas en el estudiantado de la Institución evaluada.
Estudio de caso de satisfacción sexual en mujeres durante su primer año de matrimonio
Authors: López Rodríguez Jazmín , Sánchez Soto Juan Manuel , Martínez Reyes Magally
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio de caso explica los factores que originan el placer sexual en mujeres jóvenes que tienen menos de un año de casadas, per medio de una entrevista en donde la pregunta desencadenante fue  “¿estas satisfecha con tu vida  sexual?” del análisis se puede determinar que en base de una vida sexual plena en pareja es la comunicación, la confianza y el deseo de disfrutar y ver disfrutar a tu pareja, conocer, probar, y de construir lo que se considera incorrecto, muchas veces la educación y creencias detienen la capacidad de seguir aprendiendo, la poca información con la que han crecido o les han limitado, por considerar el acto sexual algo que se hace por compromiso o que solo el hombre debe disfrutar, que la excitación solo es mediante la penetración o que el acto sexual se trata solo de procrear y no un experiencia en la que los involucrados se sientan libres de disfrutar mutuamente. La importancia de las relaciones sexuales es llegar a un orgasmo lo que permite cumplir expectativas del el hombre y la mujer durante la relación y obtener placer, y conocer el cuerpo mutuamente de la pareja, identifica lo que les gusta el uno del y por ende respetando siempre su integridad, costumbres, y decisiones. Dar una buena educación sexual para conocer nuestro cuerpo, romper prejuicios y vivir una sexualidad plena en pareja. Es importante señalar que el cuidado de sexualidad forma parte de la salud integral del individuo proporcionando un bienestar físico, psicológico y social.
CHALLENGES FACED BY SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ONLINE ASSESSMENT IN THE PHASE OF SUDDEN SWITCH TO ICT BASED TEACHING-LEARNING
Authors: Yadav Pushpendra , Rana Ruchi
Published: January 2023

In the past few months we all have been affected by Covid-19 pandemic. From March 2020 schools and colleges were closed due to increased cases of covid-19 across India. We can say this was one of the biggest pandemic of the century. We all remain closed in our homes with proper distancing in this pandemic lot of things in our habit, lifestyle and behaviour has been changed. In this pandemic our Education system completely relies on online/ICT based teaching and learning because besides there is no alternative left for us. In the phase of ICT based online teaching and learning specifically on school level students and teachers suffer a lot of problems to adapt new techniques on such a vast level because in School level for every active classroom in transition of knowledge pedagogy takes an important role. But in online mode face to face teaching is not possible for us. And in a sudden shift towards online teaching, online assessment is also a big concern for school, teachers and government. In online mode assessment going through many challenges. In this research paper researchers address the issue related to online assessment from the point of views of students, parents, teachers, school management and policy makers because assessment is the thing which leads students towards improvement and excellence.
RESPONDING TO THE COVID-19 CRISIS- POLICY IMPLICATIONS ADOPTED BY INDIA
Authors: Draboo Shailla
Published: January 2023

Covid-19 crisis has emerged as an unprecedented challenge for the entire world. In just a matter of few months, this deadly disease has caused loss of life, severely affected the health care systems and brought all the countries to a grinding halt. In addition to this, the effect of this pandemic on economy has been extremely damaging, thereby causing massive unemployment and erosion of people’s savings. In this context, it is relevant to discuss the role and actions of the Government and people in their fight against this pandemic.
Fragile Watermarks Detecting Forged Images
Authors: Hussein Hala , Muhajjar Ra’ad , Mahdi Bashar
Published: January 2023

Technology and digital communications have advanced so that digital photos, videos, or text may be easily manipulated by those not authorized to do so. In addition, the availability of specialized picture editing programs like Photoshop has simplified the process of altering photographs. At first glance, there may seem to be no problem, especially when an image editing method is necessary to delete or add a certain scene that increases the picture’s beauty. But what about personal images or images with copyright? Attempts are constantly made to spoof these images using different approaches. Therefore, measures to reduce the likelihood of counterfeiting in digital and printed forms of media are required. The proposed approach aims to detect a counterfeit in images using a unique generator that conceals the data represented by the embedded watermark utilizing modern visual cryptography and hash algorithms. Image extractions may easily be analyzed for signs of forgery. As a result, our approach will detect and validate phony documents and images.
On Averaging Eccentric Orbits: Implications for the Long-term Thermal Evolution of Comets
Authors: Gkotsinas Anastasios , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Raymond Sean N.
Published: January 2023

One of the common approximations in long-term evolution studies of small bodies is the use of circular orbits averaging the actual eccentric ones, facilitating the coupling of processes with very different timescales, such as the orbital changes and the thermal processing. Here we test a number of averaging schemes for elliptic orbits in the context of the long-term evolution of comets, aiming to identify the one that best reproduces the elliptic orbits’ heating patterns and the surface and subsurface temperature distributions. We use a simplified thermal evolution model applied on simulated comets both on elliptic and on their equivalent averaged circular orbits, in a range of orbital parameter space relevant to the inner solar system. We find that time-averaging schemes are more adequate than spatial-averaging ones. Circular orbits created by means of a time average of the equilibrium temperature approximate efficiently the subsurface temperature distributions of elliptic orbits in a large area of the orbital parameter space, rendering them a powerful tool for averaging elliptic orbits.
CLEAR: Spatially Resolved Emission Lines and Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.6 < z < 1.3
Authors: Backhaus Bren E. , Bridge Joanna S. , Trump Jonathan R. , Cleri Nikko J. , Papovich Casey , Simons Raymond C. , Momcheva Ivelina , Holwerda Benne W. , Ji Zhiyuan , Jung Intae , Matharu Jasleen
Published: January 2023

We investigate spatially resolved emission-line ratios in a sample of 219 galaxies (0.6 < z < 1.3) detected using the G102 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 taken as part of the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization survey to measure ionization profiles and search for low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN). We analyze [O iii] and Hβ emission-line maps, enabling us to spatially resolve the [O iii]/Hβ emission-line ratio across the galaxies in the sample. We compare the [O iii]/Hβ ratio in galaxy centers and outer annular regions to measure ionization differences and investigate the potential of sources with nuclear ionization to host AGN. We investigate some of the individual galaxies that are candidates to host strong nuclear ionization and find that they often have low stellar mass and are undetected in X-rays, as expected for low-luminosity AGN in low-mass galaxies. We do not find evidence for a significant population of off-nuclear AGN or other clumps of off-nuclear ionization. We model the observed distribution of [O iii]/Hβ spatial profiles and find that most galaxies are consistent with a small or zero difference between their nuclear and off-nuclear line ratios, but 6%–16% of galaxies in the sample are likely to host nuclear [O iii]/Hβ that is ∼0.5 dex higher than in their outer regions. This study is limited by large uncertainties in most of the measured [O iii]/Hβ spatial profiles; therefore, deeper data, e.g., from deeper HST/WFC3 programs or from JWST/NIRISS, are needed to more reliably measure the spatially resolved emission-line conditions of individual high-redshift galaxies.
Detection of Quasiperiodic Oscillations in the Blazar S4 0954+658 with TESS
Authors: Kishore Shubham , Gupta Alok C. , Wiita Paul J.
Published: January 2023

We report the detection of several quasiperiodicities around 0.6–2.5 days in the optical emission of the blazar S4 0954+658. The source was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite in six sectors and it showed these features in all but one of them, with a quasiperiodic oscillation of 1.52 days apparently present in portions of four of them. We used the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram method to search for significant signals and we confirmed them using a weighted wavelet transform for time–frequency domain analyses. We discuss several possible explanations for these rapid quasiperiodic variations and suggest that an origin in the innermost part of the accretion disk is most likely. Within this framework, we provide estimates for the mass of the black hole at the core of this blazar.
Magnetic-field Induced Deformation in Hybrid Stars
Authors: Rather Ishfaq A. , Rather Asloob A. , Lopes Ilídio , Dexheimer V. , Usmani A. A. , Patra S. K.
Published: January 2023

The effects of strong magnetic fields on the deconfinement phase transition expected to take place in the interior of massive neutron stars are studied in detail for the first time. For hadronic matter, the very general density-dependent relativistic mean field model is employed, while the simple, but effective vector-enhanced bag model is used to study quark matter. Magnetic-field effects are incorporated into the matter equation of state and in the general-relativity solutions, which also satisfy Maxwell’s equations. We find that for large values of magnetic dipole moment, the maximum mass, canonical mass radius, and dimensionless tidal deformability obtained for stars using spherically symmetric Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations and axisymmetric solutions attained through the LORENE library differ considerably. The deviations depend on the stiffness of the equation of state and on the star mass being analyzed. This points to the fact that, unlike what was assumed previously in the literature, magnetic field thresholds for the approximation of isotropic stars and the acceptable use of TOV equations depend on the matter composition and interactions.
The Statistical Polarization Properties of Coherent Curvature Radiation by Bunches: Application to Fast Radio Burst Repeaters
Authors: Liu Ze-Nan , Wang Wei-Yang , Yang Yuan-Pei , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: January 2023

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic radio transients with a millisecond duration and an extremely high brightness temperature. Very recently, some highly circularly polarized bursts were found in a repeater, FRB 20201124A. The significant circular polarization might be produced by coherent curvature radiation by bunches with the line of sight (LOS) deviating from the bunch central trajectories. In this work, we carry out simulations to study the statistical properties of burst polarization within the framework of coherent curvature radiation by charged bunches in the neutron star magnetosphere for repeating FRBs. The flux is almost constant within the opening angle of the bunch. However, when the LOS derives from the bunch opening angle, the larger the derivation, the larger the circular polarization but the lower the flux. We investigate the statistical distribution of circular polarization and flux of radio bursts from an FRB repeater, and find that most of the bursts with high circular polarization have a relatively low flux. Besides, we find that most of the depolarization degrees of bursts have a small variation in a wide frequency band. Furthermore, we simulate the polarization angle (PA) evolution and find that most bursts show a flat PA evolution within the burst phases, and some bursts present a swing of the PA.
Revision of the γ-Ray Emission from SNR CTB 109 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Authors: Xin Yuliang , Zhao Qizhen , Guo Xiaolei
Published: January 2023

CTB 109 is a middle-aged shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) with bright thermal X-ray emission. We reanalyze the GeV γ-ray emission from CTB 109 using 13 yr of Pass 8 data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The γ-ray emission of CTB 109 shows a center bright morphology, which is well consistent with its thermal X-ray emission rather than the shell-type structure in the radio band. The spectral analysis shows an evident spectral curvature at ∼several GeV for the GeV γ-ray spectrum, which can naturally explain the lack of TeV γ-ray emission from CTB 109. Although either a leptonic or a hadronic model could fit the multiwavelength observations of CTB 109, the hadronic model is favored considering its γ-ray morphology and the spectral curvature of the GeV spectrum. The unusual γ-ray spectrum of CTB 109 with other SNRs and the luminosity-diameter squared relation make CTB 109 distinguished both from the young-aged SNRs with hard GeV γ-ray spectra and several old-aged SNRs interacting with molecular clouds.