bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC)-2, the ligand of podoplanin, induces morphological changes in podocytes
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Tanaka Masafumi , Watanabe Nobuo , Ito Masatoshi , Pastan Ira , Koizumi Masahiro , Matsusaka Taiji
Published: December 2022

Podoplanin (PDPN) is intensely expressed on the podocyte membrane in an evolutionally conserved manner. CLEC-2, the endogenous ligand of PDPN, is highly expressed in platelets and also exists in a soluble form in plasma. Normally, podocytes are sequestered from CLEC-2, but when the glomerular barrier is injured, podocytes gain access to CLEC-2. We tested the effects of CLEC-2 in podocytes in vitro and in vivo. Cultured podocytes treated with Fc-CLEC-2 demonstrated that CLEC-2 induced the dephosphorylation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins. Podocytes treated with Fc-CLEC-2 also showed the dissociation of F-actin filaments from PDPN, F-actin degradation, detachment, and round morphology. Next, we perfused normal mouse kidney in vivo with FLAG-CLEC-2. CLEC-2 induced dephosphorylation of ERM and widening of the foot processes of podocytes. Platelets were detected by immunostaining for CD41 in the urine of mice with podocyte injury, indicating that podocytes can encounter platelets when glomeruli are injured. Collectively, these observations suggest that when platelets leak through the injured glomeruli, CLEC-2 from the platelets acts on PDPN in podocytes and induces morphological change and detachment, which may further aggravate podocyte injury. Thus, PDPN on podocytes may work as a leaked-platelet sensor.
Development and validation of a predictive scoring system for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 Egyptian patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Elgohary Mohamed AbdelSalam , Ali Asmaa , El-Masry Thanaa A. , Faidah Hani , Bantun Farkad , Elkholy Ahmad M. , Fahim Jaklin S. , Elgamal Nabila N. , Mohamed Mohamed Emam , Seadawy Mohamed G. , Helal Amro M. , De Waard Michel , Shishtawy Hesham M. , El-Bouseary Maisra M.
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019, causing COVID-19 disease. In-hospital mortality is a common indicator for evaluating treatment outcomes. Therefore, the developing and validating a simple score system from observational data could assist in modulating the management procedures. A retrospective cohort study included all data records of patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The factors that associated with mortality were analyzed, then allocation of potential predictors of mortality was executed using different logistic regression modeling, subsequently scoring system was developed from the most weighted predictors. The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was 28.5% and 28.74%, respectively. The most significant factors that affected in-hospital mortality were old age (> 60 years), delay in hospital admission (> 4 days), high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio “NLR” (> 3); higher computed tomography severity score; and CT-SS (> 20), in addition to using remdesivir and tocilizumab in the treatment protocol (P < 0.001 for all). The validity of the newly performed score was significant; the AUC was 85%, P < 0.001, and its prognostic utility was good; the AUC was 75%, P < 0.001. The prognostic utility of newly developed score system (EGY.Score) was excellent and could be used to adjust the treatment strategy of highly at-risk patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Multi-objective learning and explanation for stroke risk assessment in Shanxi province
Authors: Ma Jing , Sun Yiyang , Liu Junjie , Huang Huaxiong , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Xu Shixin
Published: December 2022

Stroke is the leading cause of death in China (Zhou et al. in The Lancet, 2019). A dataset from Shanxi Province is analyzed to predict the risk of patients at four states (low/medium/high/attack) and to estimate transition probabilities between various states via a SHAP DeepExplainer. To handle the issues related to an imbalanced sample set, the quadratic interactive deep model (QIDeep) was first proposed by flexible selection and appending of quadratic interactive features. The experimental results showed that the QIDeep model with 3 interactive features achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy 83.33%(95% CI (83.14%; 83.52%)). Blood pressure, physical inactivity, smoking, weight, and total cholesterol are the top five most important features. For the sake of high recall in the attack state, stroke occurrence prediction is considered an auxiliary objective in multi-objective learning. The prediction accuracy was improved, while the recall of the attack state was increased by 17.79% (to 82.06%) compared to QIDeep (from 71.49%) with the same features. The prediction model and analysis tool in this paper provided not only a prediction method but also an attribution explanation of the risk states and transition direction of each patient, a valuable tool for doctors to analyze and diagnose the disease.
Prevalence and characteristics of antibiotic prescription for acute COVID-19 patients in Japan
Authors: Hamada Seiji , Tokuda Yasuharu , Honda Hitoshi , Watari Takashi , Suzuki Tomoharu , Moromizato Takuhiro , Narita Masashi , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Shibuya Kenji
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is a viral infection and does not require antibiotics. The study aimed to elucidate a prescribing pattern of antibiotics for COVID-19. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in Japan. The Diagnosis and Procedure Combinations (DPC) data was used to collect information, covering 25% of all acute care hospitals in the country. In 140,439 COVID-19 patients, 18,550 (13.21%) patients received antibiotics. Antibiotics were prescribed more often in inpatients (10,809 out of 66,912, 16.15%) than outpatients (7741 out of 73,527, 10.53%) (p < 0.001). Outpatient prescription was significantly associated with older patients (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.41–4.93) and a greater Charlson index (OR with one-point index increase, 1.22; 95% CI 1.21–1.23). Inpatient prescription was significantly associated with older patients (OR 2.10; 95% CI 2.01–2.21), male gender (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.18), a greater Charlson index (OR with one-point increase, 1.06; 95% CI 1.05–1.07), requirement of oxygen therapy (OR 3.44; 95% CI 3.28–3.60) and mechanical ventilation (OR 15.09; 95% CI 13.60–16.74). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic among outpatients was cefazolin, while that among inpatients was ceftriaxone. Antibiotic prescription is relatively low for acute COVID-19 in Japan. Antibiotic prescription was associated with older age, multi-morbidity, severe disease, and winter season.
A bile acid-related prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wang , Zhang Yue , Wan Yipeng , Liu Qi , Zhu Xuan
Published: December 2022

Due to the high mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its prognostic models are urgently needed. Bile acid (BA) metabolic disturbance participates in hepatocarcinogenesis. We aim to develop a BA-related gene signature for HCC patients. Research data of HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) online databases. After least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we developed a BA-related prognostic signature in TCGA cohort based on differentially expressed prognostic BA-related genes. Then, the predictive performance of the signature was evaluated and verified in TCGA and ICGC cohort respectively. We obtained the risk score of each HCC patient according to the model. The differences of immune status and drug sensitivity were compared in patients that were stratified based on risk score. The protein and mRNA levels of the modeling genes were validated in the Human Protein Atlas database and our cell lines, respectively. In TCGA cohort, we selected 4 BA-related genes to construct the first BA-related prognostic signature. The risk signature exhibited good discrimination and predictive ability, which was verified in ICGC cohort. Patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups according to their median scores. The occurrence of death increased with increasing risk score. Low-risk patients owned favorable overall survival. High-risk patients possessed high immune checkpoint expression and low IC50 values for sorafenib, cisplatin and doxorubicin. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical results validate expression of modeling genes in the signature. We constructed the first BA-related gene signature, which might help to identify HCC patients with poor prognosis and guide individualized treatment.
The impact of climate change, population growth and development on sustainable water security in Bangladesh to 2100
Authors: Kirby Mac , Mainuddin Mohammed
Published: December 2022

There are concerns that groundwater use for irrigation and for urban water supply is unsustainable in some parts of Bangladesh, particularly in the agriculturally productive northwest region. We use an integrated population – GDP – food – water model to examine water demand to 2100 in Bangladesh in development scenarios relevant to food and water security. The results indicate that irrigation water demand is projected to increase in coming decades, but later in the century it may decrease due to increasing crop yields and a falling population. The increased demand is greatest in the northwest region and, if unchecked, would increase concerns there about the unsustainable use of groundwater. The growth in demand is determined particularly by growth in crop yields, population growth and the fraction of food demand satisfied by imports. An extreme hot-dry climate change scenario has a lesser impact. This suggests that, in principle, Bangladesh can offset the impacts of climate change on irrigation water demand through its domestic policies. Urban water use currently also leads to concerns over unsustainable groundwater use. Our results suggest that urban water demand is likely to grow proportionately significantly more than irrigation water demand. Alternative sources for urban water are therefore urgently required.
Electroactive CTAB/PVDF composite film based photo-rechargeable hybrid power cell for clean energy generation and storage
Authors: Molla Sanoar , Khatun Farha , Rajak Ujjwal , Bagchi Biswajoy , Das Sukhen , Thakur Pradip
Published: December 2022

Herein, electroactive polymer based photo-induced hybrid power cell has been developed using CTAB/PVDF composite film in a sustainable manner. First high dielectric polymer film has been prepared by doping CTAB in PVDF matrix via solution casting method. In the basic configuration of this hybrid power cell, aqueous electrolyte solution of PVA-MnO2-Eosin Y has been utilized as solar light absorber and photo-electron generator whereas the high dielectric CTAB/PVDF (~ 400) is used as dielectric separator cum storage part in a very transparent way. The cell shows maximum voltage $$\sim$$
∼
1.1 V with short-circuit current density ~ 7.83 mA/cm2 under ~ 110 mW/cm2 normal light illumination. The device reveal almost same performance for a long time (30 days). The high storage impact of the hybrid cell is investigated by its promising conversion efficiency $$\sim 4.48 \%$$

∼
4.48
%

with energy density and power density $$\sim 26.9$$

∼
26.9

mWh/m2 and $$\sim$$
∼
5.5 W/m2 respectively.
The role of 3D speckle tracking echocardiography in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and its severity
Authors: Chetan Ioana Maria , Gergely-Domokos Bianca , Beyer Ruxandra , Tomoaia Raluca , Cabau Georgiana , Vulturar Damiana , Chis Ana , Lesan Andrei , Vesa Cristian Stefan , Pop Dana , Todea Doina Adina
Published: December 2022

There is a consistent relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. It is already recognized that OSA may influence the geometry and function of the right ventricle (RV). This has encouraged the development of echocardiographic evaluation for screening of OSA and its severity. Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D STE) is in assumption better, compared with 2D STE, because it overcomes the standard 2D echo limitations. Thus, the purpose of our study is to evaluate whether 3D STE measurements, could predict the positive diagnosis and severity of OSA. We enrolled 69 patients with OSA and 37 healthy volunteers who underwent a cardiorespiratory sleep study. 2DE was performed in all patients. RVEF and 3D RVGLS were measured by 3DSTE. NT pro BNP plasma level was also assessed in all participants. 3D RV GLS (− 13.5% vs. − 22.3%, p < 0.001) and 3D RVEF (31.9% vs. 50%, p < 0.001) were reduced in patients with OSA, compared with normal individuals. 3D Strain parameters showed better correlation to standard 2D variables, than 3D RVEF. Except for NT pro BNP (p = 0.059), all parameters served to distinguish between severe and mild-moderate cases of OSA. 3D STE may be a reliable and accurate method for predicting OSA. Consequently, 3D RV GLS is a good tool of assessing the RV global function in OSA, because it correlates well with other established measurements of RV systolic function. Furthermore, 3D RV GLS was a precise parameter in identifying severe cases of OSA, while NT pro BNP showed no association.
Categories of variables in analysis of genetic diversity in S1 progenies of Psidium guajava
Authors: Ambrósio Moisés , Pio Viana Alexandre , Pureza da Cruz Derivaldo , da Costa Preisigke Sandra , Ramos Cavalcante Natan , Herênio Gonçalves Júnior Deurimar , Dias Amaral Bruno , Teixeira do Amaral Junior Antônio , Grasiela Silva Santana Josefa , Ambrosim Crevelari Jocarla , Figueiredo Daher Rogério , Pequeno de Souza Yure
Published: December 2022

Crossing and developing inbred lines have been promising options for guava breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among genotypes of S1 inbred guava families by means of the Gower’s technique and the Ward-MLM methodology, to verify the correlation and relative contribution of traits, as well as to identify descriptors with minimum efficiency for this species. The experiment was implemented at the Estação Experimental da Ilha Barra do Pomba, in the municipality of Itaocara, RJ, Brazil. A randomized block design with 18 inbred families, three replicates, and ten plants per plot was used for the experimental design. After 19 months from the planting of the experiment, the 61 earliest and most productive genotypes (individual plants) were evaluated. For this purpose, 29 descriptors were evaluated, of which fifteen were qualitative and fourteen, quantitative. The characteristics required to obtain the distance matrix were analyzed based on the Gower algorithm, and a comparative cluster between the dendrograms of the morphoagronomic variables was achieved from this matrix. Lastly, the Ward-MLM procedure was applied to form the clusters of inbred families. By using all 29 descriptors, greater efficiency was achieved in cluster discrimination. Hence, according to the results identified, it is not possible to indicate minimum descriptors for the culture. Using the Ward-MLM method, the descriptors that most contributed to the divergence among the genotypes were fruit flesh mass, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, fruit placental mass, and fruit length. The most divergent genotypes can be recommended for further crosses or self-pollinations to develop new lines in the guava breeding program of UENF.
Effect of irrigation frequency and selenium fertilization on the vegetative growth and biomass yield of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina
Authors: Abdoun Khalid A. , Altahir Osman A. , Alsagan Ahmed A. , Alsaiady Mohammed Y. , Alshaikhi Ali M. , Alshamiry Faisal A. , Al-Haidary Ahmed A.
Published: December 2022

To maximize the production value of Moringa species, there is a need to understand the morphological effect of irrigation frequency and Se fertilizer levels on Moringa species' growth and development. Hence, the aim of this trial was to determine the combined effect of irrigation frequency and Selenium (Se) fertilizer levels on the growth of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Moringa peregrina (M. peregrina) in the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A split-plot arrangement was used, where the treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replicates, as the study included two plant species (M. oleifera and M. peregrina), four irrigation frequencies (7, 10, 15, and 20 days), and three Se levels (0.0, 12.5 and 25 mg/L foliar spray). M. peregrina showed slow emergence and plant establishment as compared to M. oleifera. The results indicated that plant height, leaves and stems fresh weight increased with the increase in Se level, and were highest when the two plant species were irrigated every 10 days which surpassed all other irrigation frequencies. The findings of this research study indicated that the two Moringa species, particularly M. oleifera could successfully be grown using drip irrigation at a 10-days irrigation frequency.
External and internal focus of attention differentially modulate corticospinal excitability in anticipatory postural adjustments
Authors: Matsumoto Amiri , Ueda Hajime , Ogawa Akari , Oshima Chihiro , Irie Keisuke , Liang Nan
Published: December 2022

Whether attentional focus modulates the corticospinal excitability of the lower limb muscles in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) when performing a ballistic movement of the upper limb remains unclear. The present study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the corticospinal excitability of the lower limb muscles along with the kinematic profiles during dart throwing with different attentional foci, external focus (EF) and internal focus (IF). In 13 healthy participants, TMS was applied immediately before electromyographic onset of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, and the motor evoked potential (MEP) was recorded in the TA and soleus (SOL) muscles. The performance accuracy was significantly higher in the EF condition than in the IF condition. In both EF and IF conditions, MEP amplitude in the TA muscle, but not the SOL muscle, was significantly higher immediately before TA muscle onset (− 100, − 50, and 0 ms) compared to the control. In particular, the MEP increment in the TA muscle before TA muscle onset (− 50 and 0 ms) was significantly larger in the EF condition than in the IF condition. Our findings provide the first evidence for the modulation of corticospinal excitability in APA by changing attentional focus.
GTS-21, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in Leprdb/db mice
Authors: Meng Qinghe , Tian Xinghan , Li Junwei , Pruekprasert Napat , Dhawan Ravi , Holz George G. , Cooney Robert N.
Published: December 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complicating factor in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires kidney dialysis. Here, we report that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist GTS-21 exerts a novel anti-inflammatory action to ameliorate DN, as studied using an inbred strain of Leprdb/db mice in which hyperglycemia and obesity co-exist owing to defective leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling. For this analysis, GTS-21 was administered to 10–12 week-old male and female mice as a 4 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, twice-a-day, for 8 weeks. Kidney function and injury owing to DN were monitored by determination of plasma levels of BUN, creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL. Histologic analysis of glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion were also used to assess DN in these mice. Concurrently, renal inflammation was assessed by measuring IL-6 and HMGB1, while also quantifying renal cell apoptosis, and apoptotic signaling pathways. We found that Leprdb/db mice exhibited increased markers of BUN, creatinine, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-6, cytochrome C, and HMGB-1. These abnormalities were also accompanied by histologic kidney injury (mesangial matrix expansion and apoptosis). Remarkably, all such pathologies were significantly reduced by GTS-21. Collectively, our results provide new evidence that the α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 has the ability to attenuate diabetes-induced kidney injury. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the involvement of the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex pathway (CAP) in ameliorating diabetic nephropathy.
Interface slip of steel–concrete composite beams reinforced with CFRP sheet under creep effect
Authors: Jian Xiangyang , Zhang Ni , Liu Haiqing , Zhao Zhongwei , Lei Ming , Chen Zimu
Published: December 2022

Under the creep action of composite steel and concrete beams reinforced by carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet, the face of the CFRP sheet, steel beam, and concrete slab beam produce relative slip. This slip affects the interface interaction, reduces the bearing capacity and stiffness of the members, and increases the deformation. In this paper, elastic and energy methods are used to analyze the interface forces between steel beams and concrete slabs reinforced by CFRP sheeting under the action of concrete creep. The calculation formulas for interface slip, axial force, and incremental deformation are established. The influence of design parameters on the mechanical properties of the interface is analyzed. Results show that the increments in interface slip, axial force, and deformation are zero on the 28th day. With increasing age, the increments in interface slip, axial force, and deformation gradually increase, and the increase is large in the first 100 days; it basically remains unchanged during the time interval from 100 to 1028 days. When the load increases by 5 N/mm (5 kN), the slip increments increase by approximately 0.004 mm, 0.002 mm, and 0.002 mm. The increments in axial force are approximately 19.4 kN, 15.9 kN, and 16.1 kN. The deformation increments increase by approximately 1.7 mm, 1.1 mm, and 0.6 mm.
Native and non-native language contexts differently modulate mood-driven electrodermal activity
Authors: Naranowicz Marcin , Jankowiak Katarzyna , Behnke Maciej
Published: December 2022

Bilingual speakers have been consistently observed to experience reduced emotional sensitivity to their non-native (L2) relative to native (L1) language, particularly to the negatively-valenced L2 content. Yet, little is known about how the L1 and L2 contexts physiologically influence bilinguals’ affective states, such as moods. Here, we show that bilinguals may be less physiologically sensitive to mood changes in the L2 compared to the L1 context. Polish–English bilinguals operating in either the L1 or the L2 mode (elicited via reading L1 and L2 sentences) watched positive and negative mood-inducing films while their electrodermal activity was measured. We observed a greater number of skin conductance responses in the negative compared to positive mood condition in the L1 context only, indexing decreased sensitivity to mood changes in the L2 relative to the L1 mode in bilinguals. Also, skin conductance amplitudes were overall increased in the L2 compared to the L1 context, pointing to increased cognitive load when operating in L2. These findings together suggest that bilinguals experience decreased sensitivity to mood changes in their less dominant language due to L2 processing requiring greater cognitive engagement.
Credible pigeon permissioned blockchain traceability platform integrated with IoT based on HACCP
Authors: Fan Mingyuan , Liu Shuangyin , Xu Longqin , Feng Dachun , Guo Jianjun , Cao Liang , Liu Tonglai , Gul Hassan Shahbaz
Published: December 2022

The pigeon food production industry from breeding to processing into food for market circulation involves many stages and people, which is prone to food safety issues and difficult to regulate. To address these problems, one possible solution is to establish a traceability system. However, in traditional traceability systems, a number of stages involved and each of them provides their own data accumulated in the database. Therefore, complex traceability data are compose of too many stages easily result in confusing information for customers. Besides, centralized data storage makes data vulnerable to be tampered with. To solve these problems, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) principles have been utilized in our work which is a comprehensive traceability system. In this work, we analyze the pigeon food production industry through HACCP principles and determine some critical control points (CCPs), including incubation, breeding, transportation, slaughtering, processing, and logistics. With the help of these CCPs, we are able to build a traceability system with critical and abundant data but not too complicated for users. To further improve the system, there are different kinds of techniques integrated into it. Firstly, a permissioned blockchain, Hyperledger Fabric, is selected as blockchain module to enhance trustworthiness of data. Secondly, the system contains various IoT devices for automatically collecting environmental parameter data with the aim of reducing human interference. Besides, it is worth mentioning that the proposed information management device can decrease the data entry burden. Consequently, the implementation of the traceability system increase consumers’ confidence in pigeon food production. To summarize, it is a new application of modern agricultural information technique in food safety and a bold experiment in the field of poultry, particularly pigeons.
Quantitative criteria characterizing the time change pattern of total lipid-peroxidation carbonyls
Authors: Farhoosh Reza
Published: December 2022

The present study introduced for the first time a sigmoidal function regarding the change in lipid-peroxidation carbonyls over time, providing a number of helpful kinetic parameters to more reliably evaluate the secondary oxidation of lipid systems. The sigmoidal function was of excellent goodness of fit (R2 > 0.99) in the non-inhibited and inhibited (in the presence of the antioxidant TBHQ) fatty acid compositions (sunflower and olive oils) at 80 and 100 °C. The calculated kinetic parameters were able to significantly differentiate among the oxidizing systems exposed to the experimented intrinsic/extrinsic factors. The new methodology developed in this study enabled us to more quantitatively indicate the resistance of lipid systems to the production of one of the most important destructive compounds from nutritional and sensory standpoints.
Evaluation of the current understanding of the impact of climate change on coral physiology after three decades of experimental research
Authors: Krämer Wiebke E. , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , Enríquez Susana
Published: December 2022

After three decades of coral research on the impacts of climate change, there is a wide consensus on the adverse effects of heat-stress, but the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) are not well established. Using a review of published studies and an experimental analysis, we confirm the large species-specific component of the OA response, which predicts moderate impacts on coral physiology and pigmentation by 2100 (scenario-B1 or SSP2-4.5), in contrast with the severe disturbances induced by only +2 °C of thermal anomaly. Accordingly, global warming represents a greater threat for coral calcification than OA. The incomplete understanding of the moderate OA response relies on insufficient attention to key regulatory processes of these symbioses, particularly the metabolic dependence of coral calcification on algal photosynthesis and host respiration. Our capacity to predict the future of coral reefs depends on a correct identification of the main targets and/or processes impacted by climate change stressors.
Increased oceanic dimethyl sulfide emissions in areas of sea ice retreat inferred from a Greenland ice core
Authors: Kurosaki Yutaka , Matoba Sumito , Iizuka Yoshinori , Fujita Koji , Shimada Rigen
Published: December 2022

Ocean phytoplankton are an important source of dimethyl sulfide, which influences marine cloud formation. Model studies suggest that declines in Arctic sea ice may lead to increased dimethyl sulfide emissions, however observational support is lacking. Here, we present a 55-year high-resolution ice core record of methane sulfonic acid flux, an oxidation product of dimethyl sulfide, from the southeast Greenland Ice Sheet. We infer temporal variations in ocean dimethyl sulfide emissions and find that springtime (April–June) fluxes of methane sulfonic acid correlate well with satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration in the Irminger Sea. Summertime (July–September) methane sulfonic acid fluxes were 3 to 6 times higher between 2002–2014 than 1972–2001. We attribute this to sea ice retreat day becoming earlier and a coincident increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in the adjacent open coastal waters.
Rapid, specific and sensitive detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood by accelerated strand exchange amplification
Authors: Sun Ritong , Chen Jiao , Wang Yingeng , Zhang Zheng , Li Yong , Li Fengmei , Ma Cuiping , Han Qingxia , Shi Yanjing
Published: December 2022

The total detection time from DNA preparation was about 20 min. The LOD of the ASEA method was 25 CFU mL−1 of pure cultured V. parahaemolyticus. The enrichment time was significantly reduced to 3 h with a LOD of 18 CFU g−1 of spiked scallop meat.
Selective hydroboration of electron-rich isocyanates by an NHC-copper(i) alkoxide
Authors: English Laura E. , Horsley Downie Thomas M. , Lyall Catherine L. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Neale Samuel E. , Saunders Carla M. , Liptrot David J.
Published: December 2022

The (IPr)CuOtBu catalysed reduction of 11 aryl and alkyl isocyanates with pinacolborane gave only the boraformamides, pinBN(R)C(O)H, in the case of electron rich isocyanates. A computational study provided insight into this selectivity.
Scalable synthesis of CuSn bimetallic catalyst for selective CO2 electroreduction to CO over a wide potential range
Authors: Zhu Zi-Chun , Ge Jun-Yan , Qiao Man , Yang Xue-Li , Tang Yu-Jia , Zhu Dongdong , Chen Ping
Published: December 2022

A scalable, and cost-effective strategy was developed to prepare self-supported CuSn bimetallic catalyst, which can selectively reduce CO2 to CO at a wide potential range of 1100 mV.
Ultrafast preparation of NiFe nanocluster/graphene heterojunction catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Ge Xuening , Yin Long , Zhang Ling , Shi Chuanxin , Shen Qi , Ma Wenguang , Yang Xiaodong , Sun Yiqiang , Li Cuncheng
Published: December 2022

Developing low-cost and highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts is critically important for hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting.
Thermal chemical vapor deposition of layered carbon nitride films under a hydrogen gas atmosphere
Authors: Urakami Noriyuki , Takashima Kensuke , Shimizu Masahiro , Hashimoto Yoshio
Published: December 2022

The H atom occupation at the N vacancy site of layered carbon nitride films leads to an anomalous optical absorption.
Protein solutions close to liquid–liquid phase separation exhibit a universal osmotic equation of state and dynamical behavior
Authors: Hansen Jan , Egelhaaf Stefan U. , Platten Florian
Published: December 2022

Altohugh highly complex protein–protein interactions govern liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein solutions, the structure and dynamics of solutions close to LLPS are found to exhibit corresponding-states behaviors.
Does Li-ion transport occur rapidly in localized high-concentration electrolytes?
Authors: Watanabe Yoshifumi , Ugata Yosuke , Ueno Kazuhide , Watanabe Masayoshi , Dokko Kaoru
Published: December 2022

Dilution of a highly concentrated Li-salt/sulfolane electrolyte with a non-coordinating hydrofluoroether (HFE) solvent increases ionic conductivity and diffusivity but decreases the Li+ transference number.
Decomposition mechanism of 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitroaminobenzene under thermal and shock stimuli using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Jiang Jun , Wang Hao-Ran , Zhao Feng-Qi , Xu Si-Yu , Ju Xue-Hai
Published: December 2022

To obtain atomic-level insights into the decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitroaminobenzene (TNTNB) under different stimulations, this study applied reactive molecular dynamics simulations to illustrate the effects of thermal and shock stimuli on the TNTNB crystal.
Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Wenyu , Luo Kaiyun , Xiao Qian , Sun Zhaoyue , Wang Yunfu , Cui Caifang , Chen Fuchun , Xu Ben , Shen Weijun , Wan Fachun , Cheng Anwei
Published: December 2022

Meta-analysis indicated that the supplementation of mulberry leaves or mulberry leaf extract is beneficial for regulation of the glycemic indices, including fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting plasma insulin.
Fundamental and higher eigenmodes of qPlus sensors with a long probe for vertical-lateral bimodal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Yamada Yuya , Ichii Takashi , Utsunomiya Toru , Kimura Kuniko , Kobayashi Kei , Yamada Hirofumi , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: December 2022

The characteristics of qPlus sensors with a long probe were theoretically studied, and they were applied to bidirectional force microscopy.
β and γ-Cyclodextrin dimers: design, characterization and in silico studies to explore the cooperative effect of the cavities
Authors: La Piana Luana , Basile Livia , Ragusa Chiara , Milardi Danilo , Zito Valeria M. V. , Vecchio Graziella
Published: December 2022

The cyclodextrin dimers can bind the guest involving two possible binding modes.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles coupled with aromatic diselenides: greener approach, potential against glioma cells and DNA interaction
Authors: Saba Sumbal , Preve Natalia B. , Granja Isis J. A. , Pedroso Gabriela J. , Cabreira Climei R. , Dreyer Juliana P. , Ribeiro Luiz F. B. , Horn Ana P. , Marinho Marcelo A. G. , Bellettini Ismael C. , Pich Claus T. , Kokuszi Lucas T. F. , Borges Eduardo , de Lima Vânia R. , Rafique Jamal , Frizon Tiago E. A.
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of organochalcogen-modified silver nanoparticles (A1-7), their cytotoxic potentials against glioma cells (C6) & their interaction with DNA.
A bifunctional TPE-based fluorescent sensor for liquid viscosity and amyloid β measurements
Authors: Yao Hang , Wang Na , Shi YuFeng , Fang Siyu , Wu Ming , Fan Hongying , Zhang Yuefei , Chong Hui , Wang Tianyi , Li Hualing , Wang Chengyin
Published: December 2022

A bifunctional TPE-based fluorescent sensor (TPE-Q) for both liquid viscosity and amyloid β has been synthesized straightforwardly by the introduction of an ethylene glycol chain and quaternary ammonium to the classical tetraphenyl ethylene core.
Excellent electrochemical properties of Ni-rich LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 cathode materials co-modified with Mg-doping and LiBO2-coating for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Guo Mi , Luo Liang , Chen Shulin , Wang Zhenzhen , Zuo Pengjian , Wang Zhenbo
Published: December 2022

The cycle life of LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 was considerably improved by co-modification with Mg-doping and LiBO2-coating.
Porous polydopamine nanospheres with yolk shell-like structure to effectively remove methylene blue, bisphenol A, and tetracycline from wastewaters
Authors: Wang Haibo , Dong Wentao , Gao Zhiwei , Zhou Yifan , Shi Ziqi , Lu Xi , Yan Bin
Published: December 2022

A porous PDA nanoadsorbents with yolk shell-like structures was developed for effective removal of cationic dyes, EDCs, and antibiotics from water.
DBU mediated coupling of isatin with phenacyl azides: synthesis of 2-oxoindolin-3-ylbenzoates
Authors: Newar Uma Devi , Bora Kaushik , Borra Satheesh , Maurya Ram Awatar
Published: December 2022

Novel modes of reactivity ofα-azido ketones towards isatin were discovered.
Synergistically boosting the anchoring effect and catalytic activity of MXenes as bifunctional electrocatalysts for sodium–sulfur batteries by single-atom catalyst engineering
Authors: Li Na , Zhan Yulu , Wu Haishun , Fan Jun , Jia Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

Single-atom-catalyst engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of MXene based electrocatalysts for RT Na–S batteries.
Bioinspired synthetic polymers-based inhibitors of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide aggregation
Authors: Rupali  , Joseph Blessy , Thomas Sabu , Sen Newton , Paschold André , Binder Wolfgang H. , Kumar Sonu
Published: December 2022

In this review, various types of synthetic polymer-based inhibitors of amyloid-β aggregations are discussed for their potential development as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Self-assembly behavior of thermoresponsive difunctionalized γ-amide polycaprolactone amphiphilic diblock copolymers
Authors: Wang Hanghang , Calubaquib Erika L. , Bhadran Abhi , Ma Ziyuan , Miller Justin T. , Zhang Anyue , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C.
Published: December 2022

Thermoresponsive difunctionalized γ-amide polycaprolactone amphiphilic diblock copolymers readily self-assembled to form spherical micelles in phosphate buffered saline.
Full state constrained command filtered output feedback control for the electro‐hydraulic ammunition ramming system
Authors: Yin Qiang , Nie Shoucheng , Qian Linfang , Chen Weizheng , Yue Caicheng
Published: December 2022

A barrier Lyapunov functions‐based command filtered output feedback control scheme is presented for the electro‐hydraulic ammunition ramming system (EHARS) with position and velocity constraints in this paper. Due to the limitation of compact installation space in ramming mechanism, there remain some immeasurable signals such as the velocity of projectile and pressures in hydro‐cylinder; thus, a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states of EHARS. The barrier Lyapunov functions theory is adopted to guarantee position and velocity constraints of projectile are not violated. In order to suppress the complexity of differential explosion in backstepping iteration, command filtered technology and corresponding compensating technique of filtering errors are applied. By the stability theory of Lyapunov, the stability of the closed‐loop system and the boundedness of the whole state in EHARS are theoretically proved. Simulation results show prescribed position‐tracking accuracy and desired velocity of projectile under different firing angles, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mobile phone screen surface scratch detection based on optimized YOLOv5 model (OYm)
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhu Bolin , Peng Mo , Li Lingling
Published: December 2022

To improve phone screen surface detection efficiency, an optimized YOLOv5s model (OYm) based on GhostNet(YOLOv5GHOSTs) and BottleneckCSP is proposed. For a given target sample, OYm could effectively reduce the computation of GFLOPS and detection time by optimizing the network structure. The detection results show that the mean average precision_0.5 (mAP_0.5) exceeds 95%, and the average detection rate is 16 ms. Compared with the traditional YOLOv5s model, the loss of average accuracy is ensured to be controlled within 3%, the detection frame rate of OYm is risen by 56.25%, and GFLOPS is decreased by 64.2%. The principle of OYm is explained in detail, and the proposed model is then experimentally validated.
Multi‐scale homography estimation based on dual feature aggregation transformer
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Kehan , Sun Shilei , He Chu
Published: December 2022

The accuracy of registration in image stitching task directly affects the performance of subsequent stages. Traditional registration methods rely heavily on the quality of the features when calculating the homography matrix, resulting in alignment failures in low‐texture or low‐overlap scenes due to extracting insufficient features. On the other hand, existing DNN‐based methods for homography estimation are more robust in multiple scenes but previous work usually employs an overly simple convolutional network structure to directly regress the homography, ignoring the redundant information contained in the feature maps so that their prediction accuracy is inferior to the traditional methods in simple scenarios. To overcome the disadvantages of the two methods, a Multi‐scale structure is proposed to extract feature maps at three scales and design two modules to handle the matrix prediction respectively. The DFA‐T module analyzes semantic information on the high‐level features to accomplish coarse‐grained alignment while the Contextual Correlation module on the bottom level to accomplish more accurate alignment. Experiments demonstrate that this method provides more accurate alignment results than the existing state‐of‐the‐art DNN‐based methods and outperforms traditional algorithms with more stable results in some extreme scenarios.
Wideband and low‐profile beam‐tilted H‐plane horn array based on MMPTE
Authors: Zhao Yun , Wang Aizhong , Ye Fan , Ding Jiangqiao , Wen Geyi
Published: December 2022

A wideband and low‐profile H‐plane horn antenna array is proposed to achieve a tilted‐beam in H‐plane based on the theory of maximum power transfer efficiency (method of maximum power transfer efficiency (MMPTE)), which is built on bent corrugated substrate integrated waveguide structure. The horn array is implemented in the substrate with the thickness of 0.13 at the centre frequency. The arc‐shaped aperture is employed to achieve smooth transition from horn aperture to the free space, which also improve the front‐to‐back ratio of the radiation pattern. In order to realise a tilted‐beam, MMPTE is used to obtain the excitation distribution of array elements. A double‐layer butler matrix feed network is built based on the calculated excitation, maintaining the characteristic of broadband and miniaturisation simultaneously. Measured VSWR parameter of the proposed antenna is less than 2.0 from 6 to 18 GHz. The antenna achieves a beam titling of ±6° in H‐plane. It is observed that the measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
Facile Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones through Arylsulfonylation of Arynes and Thiosulfonates
Authors: Cai Zhihua , He Lin , Zheng Yating , Tang Delin , Xie Pei , Luo Jinyun
Published: December 2022

A mild and transition-metal-free arylsulfonylation reaction of arynes has been developed. Arynes generated in situ from 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates undergo nucleophilic addition with thiosulfonates to produce diaryl sulfones in 41–99% yield. The reaction can be scaled easily to gram-scale with the high yield maintained. Finally, mechanistic experiments showed that acetonitrile acted as a proton source.
Efficient Synthesis and Functionalization of 3-Bromonaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene
Authors: Burke Emily K. , Welsh Erin N. , Speed Alexander W. H. , Robertson Katherine N.
Published: December 2022

Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene is a linear sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene and its derivatives are commonly accessed by a Bradsher cyclization. Synthesis of the Bradsher cyclization substrate typically requires harsh conditions, including several oxidation state changes. Here, we report an improved, multigram synthesis of 3-bromonaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene, exploiting a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling to prepare the Bradsher substrate in three steps from commercial materials while minimizing redox reactions. In this work, the 3-bromonaphthothiophene is further functionalized via lithium–halogen exchange, with the key finding being a specific order of addition in lithiation is required to avoid undesired rearrangement reactions. Transformation to a versatile set of derivatives, including a naphthothiophene-containing chiral amine, is illustrated.
Photocatalytic Spirocyclization of 2-Alk-ω-enyl-Substituted Cycloalkane-1,3-diones
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Hofer Johannes , Pecho Franziska
Published: December 2022

When irradiated with visible light, various cyclic 2-alk-4-enyl-substituted 1,3-diketones undergo an intramolecular endo-addition (m = 1) onto the double bond resulting in spirocyclic products (11 examples, 62–92% yield). Both an organic (TXT: thioxanthone, 20 mol%) and an organometallic Ir-based photocatalyst (5 mol%) promote the reaction. Addition of triisopropylthiophenol is required to secure high yields. The spirocyclization of a 2-alk-5-enyl-substituted substrate (m = 2) delivers a mixture of the seven-membered endo- and the six-membered exo-cyclization products.
Prevalence and One-Year Survival of Selected Major Congenital Anomalies in Germany: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Turial Salmai , Stimming Friederike , Lux Anke , Koehn Andrea , Rissmann Anke
Published: December 2022

Introduction Congenital anomalies play an important role in infant mortality worldwide. The present study aims to present the current data on the prevalence rates and the 1-year survival rates for selected major congenital anomalies in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Materials and Methods The data were collected systematically by the Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt. Cohort from 2000 to 2017 was retrospectively analyzed to determine the prevalence rates and the survival rates of nine major congenital anomalies. The survival analysis was conducted, including all pregnancy outcomes and various risk factors.

Results In total, 1,012 cases of the selected congenital anomalies were registered. The total prevalence rates ranged from 2.5 (congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH]) to 5.8 (spina bifida [SB]) per 10,000. The live birth prevalence was lower. In total, 88.3% of live-born cases survived the first year. The 1-year survival rate of all cases, including fetal losses, was merely 61.7%. There was no continual improvement in survival during the study period noted. The 1-year survival rate was 35.7% for “genetic” malformations, 57.6% for “multiple congenital anomalies,” and 68.6% for “isolated” cases, with 44.6% for prenatally detected anomalies and 85.2% for postnatally identified anomalies. Gestational age less than 31 weeks and birth weight below 1,000 g affected the survival rate adversely.

Conclusion The survival rate of infants suffering from congenital anomalies in Saxony-Anhalt is comparable to that reported by national and international studies. Registering all pregnancy outcomes irrespective of whether they result in a live birth, stillbirth, or fetal loss in a malformation register seems to be important as it affects the statistical survival analysis in general.
A Rare Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy of Hip with an Uncommon Cause
Authors: Vijay Chandran , Geethapriya Sivaramalingam , Govindaraj Jayaraj , Raghavan Bagyam
Published: December 2022

Neuro-osteoarthropathy often called as Charcot joint results from decreased sensory innervations of the involved joint resulting in severely damaged and disrupted joints and involvement of adjacent soft tissues. Charcot joint is characterized by the “6Ds,” which are i) distended joints, ii) density increase, iii) debris production, iv) dislocation, v) disorganization, and vi) destruction. Hip joint involvement is very rare probably because of rich nerve supply compared with other peripheral joints. To minimize the joint deformity and loss of function, early diagnosis is of great importance in which radiological imaging plays a major role.