bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mpox and healthcare workers — a minireview of our present knowledge
Authors: Saied AbdulRahman A. , Chandran Deepak , Chakraborty Sandip , Emran Talha Bin , Dhama Kuldeep
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Workers in the healthcare industry form the backbone of health systems everywhere. In the face of global health crises like the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak, healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, paramedics, administrators, support staff, laboratory technicians, and community health workers all play crucial roles in providing care and containing the spread of the disease.

Aim

Therefore, in the wake of concerns about mpox recurrence, we seek to shed light on the occupational transmission of mpox infection and the possible risk to healthcare personnel.

Results

Contamination of the environment of the household of cases of mpox and environment of the patient care units with the viral DNA has been reported besides asymptomatic cases and detection of viral DNA in air samples; therefore, more research on non-lesion-based testing for human mpox infection for screening asymptomatic people, particularly among populations at high risk of infection, in the event of asymptomatic transmission and potential transmission via aerosols is necessary. Monitoring efforts can be aided by incorporating mpox testing into locations where people are more likely to contract illnesses and seek medical attention. We must take a precautionary infection control approach to control the spread of the virus while completing urgent research to understand better the human-to-human mpox transmission process.

Conclusions

In this minireview, we discuss the potential routes of mpox transmission to healthcare and preventative strategies and measures that should be taken and considered.

Graphical Abstract
Bilateral bone marrow edema syndrome of the humeral head mimicking avascular necrosis: a case report
Authors: Cavanna Stefano , Cavanna Andrea Eugenio
Published: June 2023

Background

Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES), previously referred to as transient osteoporosis, is an uncommon and underdiagnosed self-limiting condition typically affecting the weight-bearing joints of the hip and lower limb. Its occurrence in upper limb or non-weight bearing joints is particularly rare.

Case presentation

We report the case of an otherwise healthy 42-year-old man who gradually developed severe and disabling left shoulder pain over the course of 6 months. Nine months after onset, he presented clinically with bilateral involvement and radiologically (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) with diffuse BME associated with a subchondral insufficiency fracture, suggestive of proximal humeral avascular necrosis. Clinical evidence of subacromial shoulder impingement and MRI findings of bilateral subchondral bursitis and tenosynovitis with effusion of the biceps tendons likely resulted from primary BME, as musculoskeletal sonography confirmed the absence of rotator cuff tears. Repeated MRI findings at 2, 12, and 18 months documented near complete resolution of both edema and fracture, consistent with BMES of the proximal humerus. During this time, the patient reported a gradual improvement in both pain symptoms and range of motion. The clinical picture of insidious shoulder pain, exacerbated by activity and improved by load relief, in the absence of predisposing factors for osteonecrosis or antecedent trauma in patients of middle age, should indicate the possibility of the diagnosis of BMES.

Conclusions

This unprecedented report documents a rare case of bilateral BMES of the humeral head mimicking avascular necrosis. The correct diagnosis of BMES within an atypical anatomical location avoids invasive measures in the affected bone. The misdiagnosis of secondary BME and idiopathic osteonecrosis can be avoided by recognizing the characteristics of BME and subchondral fractures of the humeral head in the absence of rotator cuff tears, as well as their evolution on serial MRI.
Avibacterium paragallinarum: an emerging birds pathogen in Qinling wildlife conservation center, China
Authors: Xie Honglin , Li Hui , Yu Chenfei , Miao Yongqiang , Wu Yaping , Jia Ruoyi , Zhang Qiang , Pan Guanglin , Ma Qingyi , Jia Kangsheng , Wang Xinglong
Published: June 2023

The bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum, previously known as Haemophilus paragallinarum, is responsible for causing infectious coryza (IC) in chickens and other avian species. In this case report, an outbreak of Avibacterium paragallinarum occurred in the Qinling area of China, resulting in clinical symptoms of facial swelling in several bird species, including Golden pheasant, Temminck's tragopan, and Peafowls, and three Golden pheasants died due to prolonged infection. Specific PCR results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the infected birds. The report describes the clinical symptoms and pathological changes observed in the affected birds, as well as the isolation and identification of Avibacterium paragallinarum. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, and this is the first report of inter- and intra-species transmission of infectious coryza among wild birds in China.
A free elution immunoassay for chloramphenicol in chicken and egg after magnetic ZIF-8 adsorption separation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Sihan , Xiong Jincheng , Xv Yuliang , Xie Jie , Wang Zhanhui , Wu Congming , Jiang Haiyang , Shen Jianzhong
Published: June 2023

The excellent adsorption and rapid separation capabilities of magnetic MOFs make them desirable pretreatment materials for solid substrates. In this study, magnetic ZIF-8 (mZIF-8) was synthesized in situ by a one-step method in the aqueous solution of magnetic beads. Isothermal adsorption verified that the maximum adsorption capacity of (011) crystal-exposed rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 for chloramphenicol was up to 128.31 mg/g (mZIF-8 = 67.18 mg/g). Kinetic adsorption revealed that the type of ZIF-8/mZIF-8 adsorption on chloramphenicol belongs to the pseudo-secondary adsorption kinetics of chemical monomolecular layers. Characterization by FTIR, XPS, and XRD revealed that mZIF-8 interacts with chloramphenicol mainly by π-π electron stacking, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding interaction. ELISA confirmed that chloramphenicol remained antigenically active after adsorption by mZIF-8. The adsorption and separation of chloramphenicol residues in chicken and egg were completed by mZIF-8 within 20 min. mZIF-8 can be used directly for elution-free ELISA after the adsorption of chloramphenicol. The limits of detection (IC10) of the mZIF-8 + ELISA in chicken and eggs were 1.18 ng/mL and 0.64 ng/mL, respectively. mZIF-8 is expected to be used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction material for the rapid pretreatment of antibiotic residues in other complex solid matrices.
Intercontinental spread and clonal expansion of ColRNA1 plasmid-bearing Salmonella Corvallis ST1541 strains: a genomic epidemiological study
Authors: Chen Kaichao , Xie Miaomiao , Wang Han , Chan Edward Wai-Chi , Chen Sheng
Published: June 2023

Salmonella Corvallis ST1541 has recently emerged as a globally disseminated pathogenic strain that often causes severe food-borne infections. Unlike most pandemic serotypes of Salmonella, the ST1541 strains harbored ColRNA1 plasmids that contain qnr-like determinants known to be responsible for the increasing incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant food-borne Salmonella infections. In this study, we conducted a genomic analysis of a global collection of 388 S. Corvallis ST1541 strains collected within a twenty-year period. We investigated the genetic characteristics of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) plasmids harbored by these S. Corvallis strains, established a minimum spanning tree (MST) to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of the top 10 MST clusters, inferred a time-phylogenies for the major sub-lineages and traced the routes of international dissemination of this serotype strains. Bayesian algorithm predicted that UK might be the origin of S. Corvallis strains currently prevalent in various countries. This idea is supported by the observation of the emergence of intercontinental-disseminated clonal strains and extensive transmission of the extensive-drug resistance (XDR)-encoding plasmid pSA663. This study therefore provides valuable insight into the evolution of globally transmitted S. Corvallis strains and suggests a need to strengthen cooperation between different countries to control the dissemination of these drug-resistant bacteria.
The development of psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression: an update
Authors: Borissova Anya , Rucker James J.
Published: June 2023

Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has attracted increasing research interest over the past 10 years as a possible treatment for mood, anxiety and related conditions. Initial phase 2 clinical trials of psilocybin given alongside psychological support for major depression and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) demonstrated encouraging signs of basic safety, further confirmed by a large study in groups of healthy volunteers. The first international multi-centre randomised controlled trial was published in 2022, with signs of efficacy for the 25 mg dose condition in people with TRD when compared with an active placebo. Phase 3 trials in TRD are scheduled to start in 2023. Early evidence suggests that single doses of psilocybin given with psychological support induce rapid improvement in depressive symptoms that endure for some weeks. We therefore provide a timely update to psychiatrists on what psilocybin therapy is, what it is not, and the current state of the evidence-base.
Trastuzumab Combined With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Kim Chang Gon , Jung Minkyu , Kim Hyo Song , Lee Choong-kun , Jeung Hei-Cheul , Koo Dong-Hoe , Bae Woo Kyun , Zang Dae Young , Kim Bum Jun , Kim Hyunki , Yun Un-Jung , Che Jingmin , Park Sejung , Kim Tae Soo , Kwon Woo Sun , Park Juin , Cho Sang Woo , Nam Chung Mo , Chung Hyun Cheol , Rha Sun Young
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy is the recommended first-line regimen for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of trastuzumab combined with ramucirumab and paclitaxel as second-line treatment for HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with HER2-positive advanced G/GEJ cancer who progressed after first-line treatment with trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy were enrolled from five centers in the Republic of Korea. Patients were administered a 28-day cycle of trastuzumab (once on days 1, 8, 15, and 22: 2 mg/kg followed by 4 mg/kg loading dose), ramucirumab (once on days 1 and 15: 8 mg/kg), and paclitaxel (once on days 1, 8, and 15: dose level 1, 80 mg/m2; or dose level -1, 70 mg/m2). Phase II was conducted with the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Primary end points were determination of RP2D during phase Ib and investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with RP2D.

RESULTS

Dose-limiting toxicity at dose level 1 was not documented during phase Ib, and a full dose combination was selected as the RP2D. Among 50 patients with a median follow-up duration of 27.5 months (95% CI, 17.4 to 37.6), median PFS and overall survival were 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 9.4) and 13.6 months (95% CI, 9.4 to 17.7), respectively. Objective response rate was 54% (27 of 50, including one complete response), and disease control rate was 96% (48 of 50). Loss of HER2 expression was observed in 34.8% (8 of 23) patients after first-line treatment, and no definite association between HER2 expression and the outcome was revealed. Safety profiles were consistent with previous reports.

CONCLUSION

Trastuzumab combined with ramucirumab and paclitaxel showed appreciable efficacy with manageable safety profiles in patients with previously treated HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer.
Glucose Alterations, Insulin Resistance, Arterial Hypertension, and Renin are Strictly Associated in Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Antoniotti Valentina , Amore Martina , Caputo Marina , Fania Chiara , Mancioppi Valentina , Casoli Gloria , Tini Sabrina , Antonioli Alessandro , Aimaretti Gianluca , Rabbone Ivana , Bellone Simonetta , Prodam Flavia
Published: June 2023

Context

Insulin resistance, glucose alterations, arterial hypertension (HTN), and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) are related in adult obesity. This crosstalk is still unexplored in childhood.

Objective

Characterize the relationships of fasting and postload glucose and insulin levels with new American Academy of Pediatrics classification of HTN and RAAS in pediatric obesity.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study; 799 pediatric outpatients (11.4 ± 3.1 years) at a tertiary center who were overweight or obese and not yet on diet were included. The main outcome measures were mean and correlations among parameters of a complete clinical and metabolic screening (body mass index, blood pressure, and glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test, and renin and aldosterone levels and their ratio).

Results

774 subjects had all the parameters, of whom 87.6% had HTN (5% elevated blood pressure, 29.2% stage I HTN, and 53.4% stage II HTN). Eighty subjects had 1 or more glucose alterations, and more frequently presented HTN. Blood pressure levels were higher in subjects with glucose alterations than in those with normal glucose levels. Fasting and stimulated glucose and insulin levels were directly related to the HTN stages, and insulin sensitivity was lower in HTN than in normal blood pressure. Aldosterone, renin, and aldosterone–renin ratio (ARR) were similar in sexes, whereas aldosterone was higher in prepubertal individuals. Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) had higher renin and lower ARR. Renin was positively correlated with postload glucose, and ARR was negatively correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index.

Conclusion

A close relationship exists among insulin resistance, glucose alterations, HTN, and renin in childhood obesity. Specific categories of risk could provide indicators for strict clinical surveillance.
The effect of academic supervision, managerial competence, and teacher empowerment on teacher performance: the mediating role of teacher commitment
Authors: Muttaqin Imron , Tursina Nani , Sudrajat Ajat , Yuliza Uyung , Novianto Novianto , Fahri Ramadhan Fajar , Edi Kurnanto Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Background: Teacher commitment and performance are important factors contributing to student achievement and the quality of education. Therefore, it is critical to draw attention to this issue by identifying factors that influence these two variables. 

Methods: A survey, consisted of 34 closed-ended questions, was used. The total sample comprised 2,203 teachers, including 832 men and 1,371 women. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). Model measurement employed indicator loading, convergent and discriminant validity, Cronbach's testing, composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) for internal consistency. Structural model measurement employed coefficient determination (R2), effect size (F2), variant inflation factor (VIF), predictive relevance (Q2) and path analysis measures. 

Results: The results of the study reveal that academic supervision has a significant positive effect on commitment (β; 0.085, t-statistics; 3.792 and p-value 0.000), academic supervision also affects teacher performance (β; 0.096, t-statistics; 4.416 and p-value 0.000), managerial competence affects teacher commitment (β; 0.195, t-statistics; 8.046 and p-value 0.000), managerial competence also affects teacher performance (β; 0.149, t-statistics; 6.561 and p-value 0.000), organizational commitment affects teacher performance (β; 0.163, t-statistics; 7.263 and p-value 0.000), teacher empowerment affects teacher commitment (β; 0.489, t-statistics; 22.601 and p-value 0.000), and teacher empowerment affects teacher performance (β; 0.489, t-statistics; 22.601 and p-value 0.000). Academic supervision affects teacher commitment mediating by teacher performance (β; 0.014, t-statistics; 3.178 and p-value of 0.001). Managerial competence affects teacher commitment with teacher performance mediation (β; 0.032, t-statistics; 5.588 and p-value 0.000), and teacher empowerment affects teacher commitment with teacher performance mediation (β; 0.080, t-statistics; 7.050 and p-value 0.000). 

Conclusion: Academic supervision, managerial competence, and teacher empowerment significantly positively affect teacher performance directly and through teacher performance as mediating variable. Teacher empowerment is the most significant factor influencing teacher performance and commitment.
Adsorption of Pb (II) ions on variable charge oxidic calcined substrates with chemically modified surface
Authors: Prato José G. , Millán Fernando , Rangel Marialy , Márquez Andrés , González Luisa Carolina , Ríos Iván , García César , Rondón Carlos , Wang Enju
Published: June 2023

Background: The adsorption process is an alternative method for treating natural and waste waters, with heavy metals. Oxidic lithological materials, rich in iron and aluminum amphoteric oxides, with pH-dependent surface charges, are a reliable medium for ionic adsorption. Being thermally resistant, these materials can be used to prepare a calcined substrate which is chemically treated in an acid or alkaline solution to enlarge surface positive or negative charge density, making it possible anion as well as cation adsorption reactions from aqueous solutions. Oxidic lithological materials use is a low-cost alternative for filtering system because of its availability and ease of preparation and application. Methods: Present paper shows results of the adsorption reaction of Pb+2 ions on calcined substrates prepared with oxidic lithologic material. The study was performed on the substrate with chemically modified surface in alkaline medium as well as on non-treated surface. Results: Results show L-type isotherms for the adsorption on the activated substrate, indicative affinity between adsorbate and adsorbent. Average value of adsorption capacity (k) for activated substrate is around 3.7 times greater (1791.73±13.06) compared to the respective average k value for the non-activated substrate (491.54±31.97), during the adsorption reaction, 0.35 and 0.26 mmolH+ of proton are produced on the activated and non-activated substrate respectively using a 1 mM Pb+2 solution and 72.2 and 15.6 mmolH+ using a 10 mM Pb+2 solution. This acidification agrees with the theoretic model of transitional metals chemisorption on amphoteric oxides of Fe, Al, Ti and Mn present in lithological material used for the preparation of adsorbent substrates confirming the information given by the L-type isotherms. Conclusions: Results suggest that these oxidic lithologic materials show great potential as an alternative technique for water treatment and heavy metal retention from contaminated waters using a low-cost and reliable adsorption system.
The identification of high-performing antibodies for RNA-binding protein FUS for use in Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Alshalfie Walaa , Fotouhi Maryam , Ayoubi Riham , You Zhipeng , Southern Kathleen , McPherson Peter S. , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group
Published: June 2023

RNA-binding protein Fused-in Sarcoma (FUS) plays an essential role in various cellular processes. Mutations in the C-terminal domain region, where the nuclear localization signal (NLS) is located, causes the redistribution of FUS from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In neurons, neurotoxic aggregates are formed as a result, contributing to neurogenerative diseases. Well-characterized anti-FUS antibodies would enable the reproducibility of FUS research, thereby benefiting the scientific community.

 In this study, we characterized ten FUS commercial antibodies for Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls.

We identified many high-performing antibodies and encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibody for their specific needs.
Patient perspectives on home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: A qualitative study (PHETHAS-2)
Authors: Poulsen Anne Grøndahl , Gravesen Janni Dahlgaard , Madsen Merete Nørgaard , Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Bandholm Thomas , Rossen Camilla Blach
Published: June 2023

Background: Home-based rehabilitation exercise following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) shows similar outcomes compared to supervised outpatient rehabilitation exercise. Little is known about patients' experiences with home-based rehabilitation, and this study aimed to investigate how patients perceived home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after THA, focusing on facilitators and barriers.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews of qualitative design were conducted with 22 patients who had undergone THA and who had performed home-based rehabilitation exercise. The study took place in a regional hospital in Denmark between January 2018 and May 2019. Data were analyzed using an interpretive thematic analysis approach, with theoretical underpinning from the concept ‘conduct of everyday life’. The study is embedded within the Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Therapy after Total Hip Arthroplasty-Silkeborg trial (PHETHAS-1).

Results: The main theme, ‘wishing to return to the well-known everyday life’, and four subthemes were identified. Generally, participants found the home-based rehabilitation exercise boring but were motivated by the goal of returning to their well-known everyday life and performing their usual general physical activities, though some lacked contact to physiotherapist. Participants enrolled in the PHETHAS-1 study used the enrollment as part of their motivation for doing the exercises. 

Both pain and the absence of pain were identified as barriers for doing home-based rehabilitation exercise. Pain could cause insecurity about possible medical complications, while the absence of pain could lead to the rehabilitation exercise being perceived as pointless.

Conclusions: The overall goal of returning to the well-known everyday life served as a facilitator for undertaking home-based rehabilitation exercise after THA along with the flexibility regarding time and place for performing exercises. Boring exercises as well as both pain and no pain were identified as barriers to the performance of home-based rehabilitation exercise. Participants were motivated towards performing general physical activities which were part of their everyday life.
Case Report: Metachronous bilateral upper tract and bladder urothelial carcinoma: a long-term follow-up
Authors: Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy , Nasher Fakhri Zuhdian , Saraswati Meilania , Matondang Sahat , Arif Mochtar Chaidir
Published: June 2023

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a malignant disease of the urothelial cell lining the upper urinary tract from renal calyces, pelvises, and ureter down to the ureteral orifice. Urothelial carcinoma is a multifocal malignant tumor which tends to reoccur after treatment. Radical cystectomy shows that upper tract recurrence occurs in 0.75% to 6.4% of patients. The occurrence of contralateral UTUC after nephroureterectomy is rarer with a prevalence of 0.5%.

Case presentation: The case of a 43-year-old male with metachronous bilateral UTUC was reported. The patient had undergone gemcitabine-cysplatine neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cT2N0M0. Left hydronephrosis was discovered three months after the procedure. The patient was diagnosed with left UTUC cT4N0M0 of renal pyelum after a series of examinations. A left open radical nephroureterectomy was conducted to remove the mass followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. This was followed up with routine ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every three months with a “tumor-free” period of 26 months. Meanwhile, the patient was re-admitted with fever and an increase in creatinine value of 4.3. After further workups, the patient was diagnosed with UTUC cT2N0M0 of the right renal pyelum. A kidney sparring approach with laser evaporation of the tumor was conducted followed by eight cycles of Gemcitabine intracavity antegrade per nephrostomy. After the regimen was finished, an MRI evaluation was conducted to assess treatment results, and the mass had decreased.

Conclusions: This report showed a rare case of urothelial cell carcinoma recurrences. From bladder urothelial carcinoma to left UTUC and then to contralateral UTUC. It is important to evaluate the upper tract to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Trends in frailty and its associated factors in the community dwelling elderly Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective analytical study
Authors: Gautam Karan , Krishnan K Shyam , Kumar K Vijaya , Nayak Megha M
Published: June 2023

Background: There is a scarcity of quality literature on the prevalence of frailty among community dwelling elderly in India. This study was originally planned to analyze the longitudinal trends in frailty status of community dwelling elderly in an Indian population as well to identify factors associated with frailty in the Indian context. However, the recruitment phase of this study coincided with one of the largest lockdowns in history, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and this gave us a unique opportunity to study the effects this pandemic enforced, as a result of the necessary restrictions, on the frailty status as well the factors affecting frailty in the elderly.

Methods: A prospective observational study was designed and conducted amongst 19 community dwelling elderly of Dakshina Kannada District, in Karnataka India. Outcome variables of frailty (EFIP), physical activity (PASE), functional mobility (TUG), gait speed (10-meter walk test), nutritional status (MNA®-SF) body composition (BIA), and strength (dynamometry), were measured at baseline and on follow-up after three months. The changes occurring in these variables over the three-month period were analyzed and the change in frailty was independently correlated with changes in each of the other outcomes.

Results: We couldn’t identify any statistically significant difference in frailty over a period of three months. However, there was a highly significant change in the physical activity status, lower extremity muscle strength, body composition, functional mobility, gait speed, and cognitive function in the same time period.

Conclusions: Though individual determinants of frailty in community dwelling changed over a three-month period, these changes failed to produce any observable/measurable difference in frailty status.
The genome sequence of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus ((Jacq.) P. Kummer, 1871)
Authors: Wright Richard , Woof Kieran ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2023

We present a genome assembly from a Pleurotus ostreatus specimen (the oyster mushroom; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycetes; Agaricales; Pleurotaceae). The genome sequence is 40.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Two mitochondrial genomes have been assembled, which are 73.1 and 9.3 kilobases in length.
La gerencia y la empresa: desafíos y oportunidades. Con enfoque de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera
Authors: Encalada Encarnación Vicente René , Encarnación Merchán Otilia Máximina
Published: June 2023

Este libro articula las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) con los principios básicos de la administración, para facilitar la lectura y la comprensión de los procesos de gestión de empresas a partir de la literatura financiera internacional. En la primera parte, se explican los conceptos de administración y gestión, en lo que se diferencia la forma de administrar los recursos de las organizaciones; además, se registran las estra-tegias que se deben aplicar para visualizar el futro de los negocios, y se anota la clasifica-ción de empresas. En la segunda parte, se estudia el aporte de las pymes a la economía en el contexto local e internacional, los retos de las mujeres que lideran los emprendimientos empresariales y, a su vez, se limitan en los aspectos gerenciales, y la evolución de las empresas a partir de las ventas en línea. En la tercera parte, se anota el papel que cumplen las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) frente a los desafíos de las pandemias, que relaciona la práctica laboral del teletrabajo; también se registra la evolu-ción de la contabilidad como apoyo a la correcta toma de decisiones económicas y finan-cieras. En la cuarta parte, se estudia la normativa contable internacional que se aplica en Europa, Asia, África y América; por otro lado, se trata de ilustrar los sectores estratégicos de la economía del Reino Unido, y otras economías de países del primer mundo.
Code pseudo stroke – a case of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis mimicking stroke
Authors: Al-Handola Rami , Awuah Dominic , Minasian Aram
Published: June 2023

We present a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) presenting with stroke symptoms as a harbinger of Grave’s disease. A 61-year-old female presented with symptoms of abdominal pain and fatigue two weeks prior to admission and reported acute diarrhoea and unintentional weight loss. Investigation revealed thyrotoxicosis with undetectable thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), elevated free T4 and elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). On the third day of admission, while undergoing physical therapy, code stroke was called on account of the onset of right-side predominant acute flaccid paralysis of upper and lower extremities, right-side facial droop, dysarthria and hyporeflexia bilaterally. The patient was alert and fully oriented with stable vitals with no increased labour in breathing at room air. An emergent head and neck CT, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were negative. Serum potassium was 2.7 mmol/l, requiring prompt replacement. The patient’s paralysis and dysarthria improved over the following three days with a complete reversal of symptoms following the correction of serum potassium. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis can occur in association with any of the causes of hyperthyroidism. It is due to a significant intracellular shift of potassium, subsequently manifesting clinically with hypokalaemia and muscle paralysis.
High-power 1018  nm Yb3+ doped fiber lasers with different YDF core and coiling diameters: theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Sarabi Hassan , Latifi Hamid , Lafouti Majid , Fathi Hossein , Rabiei Mohammad , Sarikhani Saeed
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the effect of the active fiber’s core/cladding area
ratio on the output parameters of 1018 nm fiber lasers has been
investigated. In this regard, we conducted a comprehensive study of
two fiber lasers that utilized 25/400 and 30/250 µm
ytterbium-doped fibers (YDFs), both theoretically and experimentally.
The optimum length of YDFs required for 40 dB of amplified
spontaneous emission suppression was calculated. Theoretical studies
also identified the YDF breaking zone for lengths greater than the
optimum. The experimental results showed that selecting the proper
dimensions and coiling diameter for the active fiber significantly
increased the power and efficiency of the YDF laser. We obtained an
output power of 943 W with a 75.5% slope efficiency for the
co-pumped 30/250 µm YDFL which, to the best of our knowledge,
is the highest reported value for the 1018 nm co-pumped fiber
laser. An analysis of the experimental and theoretical results
revealed that YDFs with a core/cladding area ratio greater than 1% are
more suitable for realizing a high-power 1018 nm fiber laser.
The findings of this study are crucial for the development of
high-power 1018 nm fiber lasers with improved performance.
Enhanced Goos–Hänchen shift in a defective Pell quasiperiodic photonic crystal with monolayer MoS2
Authors: Yang Xiaolei , Liao Zhuo , Chu Zhujie , Zhu Xiaojun , Da Haixia
Published: June 2023

Monolayer MoS2 has attracted wide attention because
of its finite bandgap, and it has become a potential candidate for the
investigation of the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift.
However, the magnitude of the
GH shift in free-standing
monolayer MoS2 is small, which greatly hinders its
possible applications in the photoelectric sensors and detectors.
We have theoretically designed
a defective quasiperiodic photonic crystal and investigated its GH
shift, where monolayer MoS2 is sandwiched between two
quasiperiodic photonic crystals arranged by the Pell sequence. By
optimizing the thicknesses of all the components and the period number
of the Pell quasiperiodic photonic crystal, we find that the GH shift
of the designed structure is significantly enhanced at the specific
working wavelength. In addition, we discuss the influence of the
thicknesses of the dielectric components on the GH shift. Our work
confirms that the quasiperiodic photonic crystal structure has the
ability to enhance the GH shift of monolayer transition metal
dichalcogenides, which provides a new platform for the GH
investigations and greatly promotes the applications of this defective
structure in optoelectric devices.
Deep-learning blurring correction of images obtained from NIR single-pixel imaging
Authors: Osorio Quero Carlos , Durini Daniel , Rangel-Magdaleno Jose , Martinez-Carranza Jose , Ramos-Garcia Ruben
Published: June 2023

In challenging scenarios characterized by low-photon conditions or the presence of scattering effects caused by rain, fog, or smoke, conventional silicon-based cameras face limitations in capturing visible images. This often leads to reduced visibility and image contrast. However, using near-infrared (NIR) light within the range of 850–1550 nm offers the advantage of reduced scattering by microparticles, making it an attractive option for imaging in such conditions. Despite NIR’s advantages, NIR cameras can be prohibitively expensive. To address this issue, we propose a vision system that leverages NIR active illumination single-pixel imaging (SPI) operating at 1550 nm combined with time of flight operating at 850 nm for 2D image reconstruction, specifically targeting rainy conditions. We incorporate diffusion models into the proposed system to enhance the quality of NIR-SPI images. By simulating various conditions of background illumination and droplet size in an outdoor laboratory scenario, we assess the feasibility of utilizing NIR-SPI as a vision sensor in challenging outdoor environments.
Impact of blur on 3D laser imaging: Monte-Carlo modelling for underwater applications
Authors: Walcarius Kevin , Rosin Joachim , Hespel Laurent , Chami Malik , Dartigalongue Thibault
Published: June 2023

3D laser imaging technology could allow visualizing objects hidden in turbid water. Such a technology mainly works at short distances (<50 m) because of the high attenuation of light in water. Therefore, a significant part of the scattering events from the water column is located out of the optical depth of field (DoF), which could induce optical blur on images. In this study, a model is proposed to represent such an optical blur, based on geometric optics. The model is then implemented in a Monte-Carlo scheme. Blur significantly affects the scattered signal from water before the DoF in monostatic conditions, but has less impact in bi-static conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that blur enables a very large variance reduction of 2D images of objects situated within the DoF. Such an effect increases with the extinction coefficient.
Phase retrieval for arbitrary complex-valued objects using structured illumination
Authors: Kuzmenko A. V. , Butok O. M.
Published: June 2023

A method to solve of the phase retrieval problem in a non-convex formulation for complex-valued objects with a support constraint is proposed. It is shown that two coded diffraction patterns (CDPs) obtained in the same Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction plane by masking an object with two, direct and inverse, random binary amplitude masks, are sufficient to reconstruct an arbitrary complex-valued object up to the global phase. The general solution of the problem was found as the sum of two mutually phase-consistent partial solutions obtained by applying the modified error-reduction or hybrid input-output algorithm to each of two “mask+CDP” pairs. The results of model experiments confirmed the possibility of noise-resistant and high-accuracy retrieval of complex-valued objects of various types with the oversampling ratio σ ≥ 2 making use of a small number of iterations. The method is applicable to coherent radiation of any kind.
Generalization of the two-point-source resolution criterion in the presence of noise
Authors: Wani Pranav , Usmani Kashif , Javidi Bahram
Published: June 2023

The two-point-source resolution criterion is widely used to quantify
the performance of imaging systems. The two main approaches for the
computation of the two-point-source resolution are the detection
theoretic and visual analyses. The first assumes a shift-invariant
system and lacks the ability to incorporate two different point spread
functions (PSFs), which may be required in certain situations like
computing axial resolution. The latter approach, which includes the
Rayleigh criterion, relies on the peak-to-valley ratio and does not
properly account for the presence of noise. We present a heuristic
generalization of the visual two-point-source resolution criterion
using Gaussian processes (GP). This heuristic criterion is applicable
to both shift-invariant and shift-variant imaging modalities. This
criterion can also incorporate different definitions of resolution
expressed in terms of varying peak-to-valley ratios. Our approach
implicitly incorporates information about noise statistics such as the
variance or signal-to-noise ratio by making assumptions about the
spatial correlation of PSFs in the form of kernel functions. Also, it
does not rely on an analytic form of the PSF.
Coded aperture-based compressive data page for optical data storage
Authors: He Zehao , Liu Kexuan , Fan Mao , Cao Liangcai
Published: June 2023

In an era of data explosion, optical data storage provides an alternative solution for cold data storage due to its energy-saving and cost-effective features. However, its data density is still insufficient for zettabyte-scale cold data storage. Here, a coded aperture-based compressive data page with a compression ratio of ≤0.125 is proposed. Based on two frameworks—weighted nuclear norm minimization (WNNM) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)—the decoded quality of the compressive data page is ensured by utilizing sparsity priors. In experiments, compressive data pages of a monochromatic photo-array, full-color photo, and dynamic video are accurately decoded.
Visualizing laser ablation using plasma imaging and deep learning
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A. , Mills Ben , Zervas Michalis N.
Published: June 2023

High power laser ablation can lead to the creation of plasma and the emission of bright light, which can prevent the direct observation of the workpiece. Alternative techniques for enabling the visualization of the sample during laser machining are therefore of interest. Here, we show that the plasma created during laser ablation, when viewed perpendicular to the sample surface, contains information regarding the appearance of the sample. Specifically, we show that deep learning can predict the 2D appearance of the sample, directly from 2D projected images of the plasma produced during single pulse femtosecond laser ablation. In addition, this approach also enables the identification of the pulse energy of the most recent laser pulse used to machine the sample. This work could have applications across laser materials processing in research and industry, in cases where there is a requirement for real-time visualization of the sample surface during laser ablation.
Deep learning approaches to landmark detection in tsetse wing images
Authors: Geldenhuys Dylan S. , Josias Shane , Brink Willie , Makhubele Mulanga , Hui Cang , Landi Pietro , Bingham Jeremy , Hargrove John , Hazelbag Marijn C.
Published: June 2023

Morphometric analysis of wings has been suggested for identifying and controlling isolated populations of tsetse (Glossina spp), vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in Africa. Single-wing images were captured from an extensive data set of field-collected tsetse wings of species Glossina pallidipes and G. m. morsitans. Morphometric analysis required locating 11 anatomical landmarks on each wing. The manual location of landmarks is time-consuming, prone to error, and infeasible for large data sets. We developed a two-tier method using deep learning architectures to classify images and make accurate landmark predictions. The first tier used a classification convolutional neural network to remove most wings that were missing landmarks. The second tier provided landmark coordinates for the remaining wings. We compared direct coordinate regression using a convolutional neural network and segmentation using a fully convolutional network for the second tier. For the resulting landmark predictions, we evaluate shape bias using Procrustes analysis. We pay particular attention to consistent labelling to improve model performance. For an image size of 1024 × 1280, data augmentation reduced the mean pixel distance error from 8.3 (95% confidence interval [4.4,10.3]) to 5.34 (95% confidence interval [3.0,7.0]) for the regression model. For the segmentation model, data augmentation did not alter the mean pixel distance error of 3.43 (95% confidence interval [1.9,4.4]). Segmentation had a higher computational complexity and some large outliers. Both models showed minimal shape bias. We deployed the regression model on the complete unannotated data consisting of 14,354 pairs of wing images since this model had a lower computational cost and more stable predictions than the segmentation model. The resulting landmark data set was provided for future morphometric analysis. The methods we have developed could provide a starting point to studying the wings of other insect species. All the code used in this study has been written in Python and open sourced.
Cell to whole organ global sensitivity analysis on a four-chamber heart electromechanics model using Gaussian processes emulators
Authors: Strocchi Marina , Longobardi Stefano , Augustin Christoph M. , Gsell Matthias A. F. , Petras Argyrios , Rinaldi Christopher A. , Vigmond Edward J. , Plank Gernot , Oates Chris J. , Wilkinson Richard D. , Niederer Steven A.
Published: June 2023

Cardiac pump function arises from a series of highly orchestrated events across multiple scales. Computational electromechanics can encode these events in physics-constrained models. However, the large number of parameters in these models has made the systematic study of the link between cellular, tissue, and organ scale parameters to whole heart physiology challenging. A patient-specific anatomical heart model, or digital twin, was created. Cellular ionic dynamics and contraction were simulated with the Courtemanche-Land and the ToR-ORd-Land models for the atria and the ventricles, respectively. Whole heart contraction was coupled with the circulatory system, simulated with CircAdapt, while accounting for the effect of the pericardium on cardiac motion. The four-chamber electromechanics framework resulted in 117 parameters of interest. The model was broken into five hierarchical sub-models: tissue electrophysiology, ToR-ORd-Land model, Courtemanche-Land model, passive mechanics and CircAdapt. For each sub-model, we trained Gaussian processes emulators (GPEs) that were then used to perform a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to retain parameters explaining 90% of the total sensitivity for subsequent analysis. We identified 45 out of 117 parameters that were important for whole heart function. We performed a GSA over these 45 parameters and identified the systemic and pulmonary peripheral resistance as being critical parameters for a wide range of volumetric and hemodynamic cardiac indexes across all four chambers. We have shown that GPEs provide a robust method for mapping between cellular properties and clinical measurements. This could be applied to identify parameters that can be calibrated in patient-specific models or digital twins, and to link cellular function to clinical indexes.
A STIM dependent dopamine-neuropeptide axis maintains the larval drive to feed and grow in Drosophila
Authors: Kasturacharya Nandashree , Dhall Jasmine Kaur , Hasan Gaiti
Published: June 2023

Appropriate nutritional intake is essential for organismal survival. In holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, the quality and quantity of food ingested as larvae determines adult size and fecundity. Here we have identified a subset of dopaminergic neurons (THD’) that maintain the larval motivation to feed. Dopamine release from these neurons requires the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM. Larvae with loss of STIM stop feeding and growing, whereas expression of STIM in THD’ neurons rescues feeding, growth and viability of STIM null mutants to a significant extent. Moreover STIM is essential for maintaining excitability and release of dopamine from THD’ neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of THD’ neurons activated neuropeptidergic cells, including median neuro secretory cells that secrete insulin-like peptides. Loss of STIM in THD’ cells alters the developmental profile of specific insulin-like peptides including ilp3. Loss of ilp3 partially rescues STIM null mutants and inappropriate expression of ilp3 in larvae affects development and growth. In summary we have identified a novel STIM-dependent function of dopamine neurons that modulates developmental changes in larval feeding behaviour and growth.