bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAMOGRAFIA DIGITAL NO RASTREAMENTO E DIAGNÓSTICO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA
Authors: Cavalcante Neto Aroldo Arruda , Aguiar Neto Gerson Pires de , Antunes Gustavo , Gonçalves João Marcos Farias , Oliveira Juliana Martins Coelho de , Silva Kelislania Rezende da , Moura Millene Ibiapino Coelho , Aquino Paulo Roberto de Araujo , Cavalcante Ana Patrícia da Silva Arruda , Skrivan Rubens Sampaio Fragiso Borges
Published: December 2024

Resumo - Introdução: A mamografia digital tem se mostrado superior à técnica tradicional na detecção precoce do câncer de mama, oferecendo imagens de melhor qualidade com menor radiação e permitindo diagnósticos mais precisos, o que é crucial para reduzir a mortalidade e melhorar o tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar os recentes avanços da mamografia digital no rastreamento e diagnóstico do câncer de mama, avaliando benefícios, implicações clínicas, desafios e perspectivas futuras. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, construída por meio de artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2024, em língua portuguesa, provenientes das bases de dados PubMed, BVS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: O rastreamento do câncer de mama visa identificar tumores pequenos e assintomáticos para reduzir a mortalidade, com a mamografia sendo a técnica comprovadamente eficaz, e tecnologias avançadas como a digital e a tomossíntese melhorando a detecção precoce e a qualidade das imagens. Discussão: O rastreamento do câncer de mama é crucial para reduzir a mortalidade ao identificar precocemente tumores assintomáticos, com a mamografia digital e a tomossíntese melhorando a detecção, embora desafios como acesso desigual persistam. Conclusão: Logo, a  mamografia digital é essencial para melhorar a detecção precoce e reduzir a mortalidade do câncer de mama, mas é crucial equilibrar custos e garantir acesso equitativo.
A VALIDAÇÃO DA TEORIA VSA DE ANNA COULLING COM DELTA VOLUME NO DAY TRADE: UMA ANÁLISE OPERANDO EM TEMPO REAL NO MERCADO FUTURO
Authors: Bitencourt Nicole Souza
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer a validação da teoria apresentada no livro “A Complete Guide To Volume Price Analysis” da autora Anna Coulling, através do uso de um terceiro componente de análise. A teoria conhecida por VSA (Volume Spread Analyse) por si só tem se demonstrado altamente efetiva ao longo do tempo, portanto a inclusão de um terceiro elemento serve como uma “revalidação”, uma nova confirmação além de preço e volume, para corroborar com a análise do direcional do preço nos gráficos de mercado. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise e abertura de risco em uma operação de day trade em tempo real, considerando a análise de VSA completa e a inclusão do delta volume, o indicador que mostra o saldo de agressão e elemento escolhido para validar a teoria no presente estudo, o qual se demonstrou eficaz para a leitura correta do mercado e, portanto, para o sucesso da operação efetuada.
DESAFIOS DO ENFERMEIRO NO ATENDIMENTO DA CRIANÇA COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA DURANTE O PROCESSO DE HOSPITALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Sacramento Alessandra Viana Almeida , Bispo Nathalia Martins , Sousa Carolina Elizabete Aires de
Published: December 2024

O estudo do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é essencial para a enfermagem, pois permite um atendimento personalizado, identificação precoce e suporte à família. Profissionais capacitados podem promover a saúde e colaborar efetivamente em equipes interdisciplinares, além de contribuir para a sensibilização e inclusão social. O TEA é caracterizado por dificuldades na comunicação, nas interações sociais e por comportamentos repetitivos, afetando crianças, jovens e adultos. As causas do transtorno ainda não são totalmente compreendidas, mas acredita-se que fatores genéticos, neurológicos e ambientais desempenham um papel importante em seu desenvolvimento. O enfermeiro tem um papel crucial na identificação precoce dos sinais do autismo, sendo fundamental no acompanhamento das crianças e no apoio às famílias. Além de oferecer cuidados diretos à criança, o enfermeiro deve proporcionar orientação, esclarecimento e apoio emocional à família, especialmente à mãe, que frequentemente enfrenta sentimento de culpa, tristeza e insegurança após o diagnóstico. A atuação do enfermeiro deve ser orientada para minimizar o preconceito e as dificuldades emocionais da família, promovendo um atendimento humanizado e eficaz. Para tanto, é imprescindível que o profissional faça parte de uma equipe multiprofissional, garantindo uma abordagem integral e colaborativa, com foco no bem-estar da criança e no fortalecimento da rede de apoio familiar. A pesquisa sobre o TEA também destaca a importância da conscientização sobre o transtorno e a necessidade de mais estudos para aprimorar as práticas de cuidado e suporte às famílias e indivíduos com autismo.
METODE BERMAIN PERAN SEBAGAI STIMULASI ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK AUTIS USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Simanjuntak Anita Roslina , Novita Zarrin
Published: December 2024

Cognitive development in autistic children aged 5-6 years does require the provision of appropriate stimuli, according to the stages of age and level of symptoms experienced by the child. One method that can be applied to children with autism to develop cognitive aspects of children is the method of role playing. Role playing activities can improve children's cognitive development. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the role playing method as a stimulation of the cognitive development of autistic children aged 5-6 years. The research approach used is qualitative with the method of literature review or literature study relating to relevant theories, as well as supporting articles in the formulation of research problems. The results of the application of role playing performed on children with autism can stimulate aspects of cognitive development at the age of 5-6 years. In conclusion, the role playing method can affect children's cognitive development by providing a gradual stimulus and according to the child's needs.
Controlling complement in the kidney: Updates on management of aHUS and IgAN from Kidney Week
Authors:   Mednet, von Riedemann Sarah
Published: December 2024

The complement cascade is a key component of the immune system that plays an important role in recognizing pathogens and mounting an appropriate defence. When activated in the wrong contexts or misdirected against inappropriate tissues, it can lead to various disease pathologies, our understanding of which is continually evolving. In the kidney, complement-mediated injury has long been established as a driver of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and more recently, a role for complement has been recognized in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). At the recent Kidney Week meeting of the American Society of Nephrology, several clinical and real-world studies investigated the impact of using complement inhibitors in these two conditions. This report summarizes the most relevant findings and provides perspective from Canadian experts about the implications for clinical practice
Radyoizotop termoelektrik jeneratörlerin (RTG) risk analizi: Uzay görevleri için enerji güvenliği
Authors: Öztürk Ozan
Published: December 2024

Uzay sondaları ve uzay araçları günümüz araştırmalarında en çok dikkat çeken konular arasındadır. Uzay sondalarının görev süresinin uzunluğu bu tükenmeyen dikkatin odağındadır. Bu akademik çalışma, Radyoizotop Termoelektrik Jeneratörlerin (RTG) uzay görevlerindeki kullanımını incelerken, bu teknolojinin getirdiği avantajları ve potansiyel riskleri ele alır. RTG'ler, güneş enerjisinin ulaşamadığı uzak uzay bölgelerinde güvenilir ve uzun ömürlü enerji sağlama yeteneği nedeniyle değerlidir. Ancak, radyoaktif maddelerle çalışmanın doğası gereği, bu teknoloji ciddi riskler taşır. Bunlar arasında radyoaktif yayılım, atık yönetimi, ısı transfer problemleri ve elektriksel arızalar bulunur. Makale, bu riskleri yönetmek için güçlendirilmiş kaplamalar, sıkı güvenlik protokolleri, düzenli bakım ve eğitim gibi çeşitli önlemlerin alınmasının önemini vurgular. Ayrıca, risk matrisi kullanılarak risklerin önceliklendirilmesi ve yönetim stratejilerinin belirlenmesi sağlanır. Bu stratejik yaklaşım, RTG teknolojisini daha güvenli ve etkili hale getirmeyi amaçlar.
REDES SOCIAIS, ALGORITMOS E RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Teixeira Lucia , Coutinho Mariana
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa transformações enunciativas dos discursos produzidos na era digital, por meio de abordagem semiótica dos algoritmos e da enunciação nas redes sociais. Investiga o papel dos algoritmos nesse cenário, considerando-os conjuntos de enunciados que regulam o funcionamento das redes e promovem interações entre usuários e estímulos à produção dos discursos online. Discute desdobramentos dos papéis de enunciador e enunciatário, com a proposição do conceito de protoenunciador para definir a rede social como ente discursivo englobante primeiro que delega vozes a seus usuários-enunciadores e delimita seus enunciados mediante escolhas, coerções e padrões que marcam suas dinâmicas de funcionamento.
A TENSIVIDADE ENTRE O LITERÁRIO E O CULTURAL NO CONCEITO DE DUENDE DE GARCÍA LORCA
Authors: Campos Alexandre Silveira
Published: December 2024

Este artigo trata de uma análise semiótica, de base francesa e viés tensivo, de uma das onze conferências escritas pelo poeta Federico García Lorca, Juego y Teoría del Duende, na qual o granadino explicita a importância e reelabora o conceito de duende para a arte andaluz. Espécie de motor e de comprovação, duende é a ponte sem percurso entre o estético e o cultural, ou seja, onde o instante único do “ser duende” é o mesmo instante de um “fazer arrebatar”, relacionado sobretudo às expressões artísticas que evocam a presença do corpo: a música, a dança e a poesia falada.
O PROCESSO SEMIÓTICO DE LEITURA
Authors: Façanha Vinícius , Lemos Carolina Lindenberg
Published: December 2024

Para abordar algumas das constantes que informam as escolhas disponíveis aos leitores, este artigo busca refletir sobre a leitura enquanto prática, apoiando-se nas propostas de protocolos de leitura e gêneros de Fontanille (1999; 2008b). Além da discussão teórica, investigamos o caso de Os dragões não conhecem o paraíso (Abreu, 2018 [1988]), apresentado como livro de contos ou romance a depender da leitura. Ao final, argumenta-se que a prática de leitura é norteada pela interação entre a materialidade do texto, sua relação com as partes que integra e as expectativas genéricas, produzindo estreito diálogo com a semiose.
SEMIÓTICA DISCURSIVA E FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES
Authors: Santos Rute da Silva , Santos Neto Dório Macedo dos
Published: December 2024

Partindo da ideia de uma leitura sincrética, o presente artigo traz considerações acerca da semiótica discursiva para a formação de leitores na escola. Precisamos possibilitar que a aula de Língua Portuguesa seja aula de leitura, desde a “leitura do mundo” que “precede a leitura da palavra” (FREIRE, 1988), até a literatura. Assim, propomos uma atividade de leitura na linha da semiótica discursiva para o ensino médio, a fim de contribuir com a formação leitora a partir da canção Inumeráveis, de Chico César e Bráulio Bessa, que traz uma reflexão sobre a pandemia da Covid-19.
INSOLVÊNCIA EMPRESARIAL:
Authors: Stefani Ribas Daniel , Luiza Barros da Cunha Ana
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a insolvência empresarial, destacando a necessidade de adequação às novas realidades legislativas e sociais. Considerando a insolvência como um fenômeno multidisciplinar, o estudo investiga como diferentes áreas são impactadas e quais medidas podem ser adotadas para evitá-la, enfatiza-se a importância de novas tecnologias e práticas de administração no Direito Empresarial para garantir uma gestão eficiente, que abranja os setores trabalhista, tributário, contábil e administrativo. O artigo busca responder à indagação sobre as características e perspectivas da insolvência empresarial, propondo a identificação de desafios enfrentados pelos empresários e sugerindo a integração de sistemas para facilitar a administração. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, fundamentando-se na legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência.
DEL PRECEDENTE JUDICIAL A LOS PRECEDENTES OBLIGATORIOS
Authors: Martín Nuria Belloso
Published: December 2024

Las teorías de la argumentación jurídica, la globalización en el ámbito jurídico yel afianzamiento de las jurisdicciones constitucionales han impulsado ennuestros días la progresiva centralidad de la jurisprudencia, gracias al rolprotagónico reconocido a la función judicial. La jurisprudencia, los precedentesjudiciales y la doctrina legal son conceptos que, aunque estén estrechamenterelacionados, no significan lo mismo ni conllevan el mismo grado de vinculación para el juzgador. Si a esto añadimos la confusión que se produce por el hecho de utilizar en el sistema continental conceptos a los que damos el significadoque tienen en el sistema anglosajón, la situación de confusión se incrementa.En este trabajo prestaremos especial atención a la doctrina del precedentejudicial. Se analizará la aproximación del civil law al common law, la distinciónentre precedente, jurisprudencia y doctrina legal. Se examinará la doctrina delos precedentes en diversos contextos tales como en el Tribunal Constitucionalespañol, en México y en Brasil, prestando especial atención a la universalidadde los precedentes y a los precedentes obligatorios, lo que lleva a cuestionarsesi no se estará invadiendo la independencia del juzgador.
NASCITURO E SUAS DIVERSAS NATUREZAS JURÍDICAS
Authors: Dutra Fernando Henrique
Published: December 2024

Na doutrina jurídica, inexiste consenso acerca da natureza jurídica do nascituro. Ante a ausência de consenso, despontam três teorias (natalista, personalidade condicionada e a concepcionista) que tentam explicar as particularidades do nascituro, além do tratamento jurídico a ser dispensado a ele. No presente artigo, tem-se a apresentação geral de cada uma dessas correntes, destacando os principais pontos e com a exemplificação de julgados que as adotaram. Trata.se um estudo de cunho qualitativo amparado em materiais documentais e bibliográficos. Ao final, foi possível concluir que as correntes teóricas refletem, cada qual à sua maneira, a natureza única do nascituro e que, ao contrário do que os defensores dessas teorias sustentam, inexistem motivos para que apenas uma vertente teórica seja adotada pelo ordenamento jurídico, bem como o assunto permanece relevante e deve ainda ser discutido no âmbito acadêmico.
SUPERENDIVIDAMENTO E O MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL:
Authors: Ghedini Neto Armando
Published: December 2024

Com a democratização do crédito, os consumidores e suas famílias se viram possibilitados de adquirir uma variedade de produtos e serviços com os quais até então não estavam acostumados. A possibilidade de comprar mais e pagar depois atraiu uma multidão ao mercado de consumo. Além disso, as pessoas que sofreram alguma adversidade na vida, tais como desemprego, problemas de saúde, entre outros, também se viram obrigadas a recorrer aos empréstimos. Atento ao volume de pessoas que passaram de endividadas para superendividadas, foi editada a Lei nº 14.181, de 1º de julho de 2021, criando, dentro do microssistema previsto pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, condições de prevenção e tratamento do superendividamento. O mínimo existencial foi regulamentado pelo Executivo por meio do Decreto nº 11.150, de 26 de julho de 2022. Por intermédio de uma reflexão crítica, busca-se analisar a constitucionalidade e a razoabilidade do valor fixado por meio do aludido decreto presidencial. Para tanto, são relembrados conceitos de separação das funções do Estado e do devido processo legal, imprescindíveis para se chegar à conclusão.
Relationship between Development and Poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sardar Javaid Iqbal , Nasir Rashid , Khan Sardar Adil Iqbal
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study investigates the relationship between Income level and poverty rate in Pakistan.
Methodology: The analysis based on regression estimates by using the time series data from 1960 to 2019. A single equation model has been developed and regression analysis is done in linear from using ordinary least square (OLS). Pre-estimation test (Test of stationary) is used before regression, and Post- estimation test (Test of Phillips-Perron test) is used after regression. Researchers used per capita income as dependent variable and check the role of per capita income in economy.
Findings: The outcome demonstrates that the poverty rate and per capita income are negatively correlated. The outcome provides proof that Pakistan's poverty rate is significantly impacted by per capita income.
Conclusion: The study gave important conclusion that income level and poverty has negative relationship. It means that for increase the income level there is a need that the poverty rate should decrease.
Impact of Private Health Expenditure on the Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Naeem
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study examines the influence of private health expenditures on Pakistan's economic growth.
Methodology: This study took data from 1985 to 2019, utilizing an ARDL approach and various econometric methods to conclude. The model applied in this study is structured around a specific theoretical framework. The growth equation, extending the basic neoclassical growth model, follows Barro (1996) as developed by Bloom and Canning (2004) and subsequently used by other researchers.
Findings: Findings reveal a significant negative relationship between age dependency and current health expenditure on economic growth, while private health expenditure and population demonstrate a strong positive effect on growth. Private health expenditures promote healthy human capital which results in economic growth.
Conclusion: Pakistan's health sector is substantially impacted by population dynamics, and although health expenditures are generally progressive, some subcategories at provincial and regional levels show a regressive trend. The private sector plays a critical role in health service provision, influenced by either government policy or the absence thereof.
Personality as a Determinant of Attitude of People towards Piri-Muridi Relationship: Moderating Role of Demographic Variables
Authors: Bhatti Asim Siddique , Nisar Hafiz Haseeb , Afridi Shakeel Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The practice of Piri-Muridi (Master-Disciple relationship) is widespread in Pakistan, yet it has historically been underexplored by scientific researchers. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the personality attributes that predispose individuals towards Piri-Muridi practices, specifically examining the role of the Big Five personality traits in shaping attitudes towards this relationship.
Methodology: This cross-sectional, quantitative study seeks to determine the predictive role of personality, as measured by the NEO-PI-R, and to explore how demographic variables moderate these relationships. The study utilized the Urdu version of the NEO-PI-R, translated and adapted by Chishti and Kamal (2009), alongside the Piri-Muridi scale developed by Hassan and Kamal (2010). A total of 401 individuals, each holding diverse beliefs about the Piri-Muridi institution, were selected using a snowball sampling technique.
Findings: Key findings indicate that the neuroticism trait accounts for the most significant variance (9.5%) in attitudes towards Piri-Muridi. Additionally, demographic factors such as gender and marital status were found to moderate the relationship between personality traits and attitudes towards Piri-Muridi, while age did not serve as a moderating factor.
Conclusion: These insights have substantial implications for counselors and psychologists, providing valuable knowledge to the psychology of religion and enhancing our understanding of the personality factors influencing spiritual practices.
The Majnūn of Laylā: A Visual Analysis of the Illustrations in the Manuscripts on Laylā Majnūn By Hatifi
Authors: Malik Sophia Mairaj , Mubashra Asna
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current research is inspired by the Laylā Majnūn, manuscripts in the permanent collection of the Lahore Museum and the Punjab library respectively. By researching these manuscripts, the researchers aim to find out visual disparities as well as connections between these two manuscripts. The aim of this study is to explore the visual narrative within the manuscripts.
Methodology: The research is a visual analysis of the illustration in the manuscript Layla and Majnun by the poet Hatifi. Both manuscripts are the nuskha by the poet Hatifi in Persian. The illustrations in both manuscript are different from each other in a number of ways. For both the manuscripts the illustrator/ miniaturist is unknown, the date of the written text is present. The artist of both the manuscripts are unknown, therefore, historical evidence of visuals, artisan record, and books; continuity in the visuals of these illustrations and how they translate and evolve the narrative within the manuscript has been discussed. The methodology included analyzing the 07 illustrations from both manuscripts, which contain similar themes. The analysis also investigates how the visual representation of the lead characters change or evolve within each manuscript as the story progresses as well as how certain elements change or remain similar from one manuscript to the other.
Findings: As visual storytellers, these manuscripts not only reflect the timeless nature of the Majnūn-Laylā tale but also offer glimpses into the diverse artistic traditions that have shaped this narrative over the centuries.
Conclusion: Ultimately, this research serves as a steppingstone for further explorations of the visual and the type of illustrations in manuscript paintings. unraveling its complexities and enhancing our understanding of its enduring cultural resonance.
A Comparative Analysis of Socio-cultural, Economic and Cinematic Content among the Two Renditions of Punjabi Cinema Cult Classic: ‘Maula Jatt’
Authors: Khan Amna Anwaar , Bilal Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Punjabi films hold an influence on Pakistani Cinema, particularly in the late 1970s to 1990s. This genre has been showcasing Punjab’s rich culture, artistic heritage, language, music and promoting local folklore. Maula Jatt was one of the gems from Pakistani Punjabi films. The rich, vibrant, loud and furious action-drama film Maula Jatt (1979) was the biggest box-office success of its times. This illustrious film not only marked its impact on cult classic Punjabi cinema in 1979 but its remake The Legend of Maula Jatt (2022) has created historical success internationally.
Methodology: This research paper discussed the competitive analysis of these two films from two different eras. Research focused on the comparative analysis of socio-cultural, economic and cinematic content of these films. The study also discussed the performances, economic drive and an impact of digitalization & technical excellence among both extraordinary depictions of Maula Jatt. To conduct this research content analysis method has been used. Moreover, this paper also highlights the collective and common factors of these films.
Findings: Although the classical old and lyrically latest version both generated huge revenue and boosted the national creative economy. Though, the similar title has different stories inside, but the intensity and colors of local Punjabi culture has made it unique and the art of storytelling in Punjabi language has its own flavor even after 40 years.
Conclusion: The research differentiate the soft power of cinema, social factors, performances, economic drive and an impact of digitalization & technical excellence among both extraordinary depictions of Maula Jatt.
Réflexions sur le patrimoine documentaire publié : le cas des collections de la Bibliothèque nationale à BAnQ
Authors: Lefebvre Michèle
Published: December 2024

Les bibliothécaires chargés de rendre accessible et de valoriser le patrimoine documentaire publié font face à de nombreux enjeux. Parmi ceux-ci, on peut signaler le manque de formation et de publications sur le sujet, la relative indifférence du public et des décideurs devant ce patrimoine plutôt méconnu, la nécessité de concilier les missions de conservation et de diffusion de ces collections, l’avènement du numérique qui dématérialise le patrimoine et le multiplie, et enfin les exigences particulières du travail de médiation, en perpétuelle évolution et requérant un savoir-faire à la fois spécialisé et polymorphe. Pour réfléchir à ces enjeux, l’autrice se penchera plus particulièrement sur le cas des collections de la Bibliothèque nationale conservées au sein de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ).
Imagery and semantic dramaturgy in the cantata "Now always snow" ("Jetzt immer Schnee") by S. Gubaidulina
Authors: Shirieva Nadezhda Velerovna
Published: December 2024

Modern music research methods used for the analysis of the cantata "Now Always Snow" requires specific approaches to studying its external (formal) and internal (textural) structures. This paper proposes another approach to the analysis of "Now Always Snow" based on Helmut Lachenmann's classification of sound types for a holistic view on both imagery and content aspects of the composition. Lachenmann's system has been used to analyse the cantata's movements in terms of form making and dramaturgical development closely associated with the visual semantics of its means of musical expression. This paper presents a method to analyse sound structures used by S. Gubaidulina to describe a range of images in the poetry of G. Aigi, including Barthes's perception of modern literature, in which a new concept fraught with multi-dimensional meanings. Barthes's concept is used to analyse basic poetic universals of G. Aigi congruent with philosophic universals of S. Gubaidulina reflected in the cantata. Its analysis reveals the logic behind the interaction of sonorities, which can be classified into the fluctuation, texture, structure and colour sound types, according to H. Lachenmann. Apart from sound characteristics, each sonority is associated with certain images and meanings ranging from a landscape with calm snowing to an almost apocalyptic blizzard and escaping into a symbolic space in which textural means are used to depict the cross and a way for man to overcome his sinful nature. This analysis of the Cantata "Now Always Snow" has detailed the dramaturgical development and form making of the cantata's movements and musical means that S. Gubaidulina applied to the poetry of G. Aigi. The main conclusion is that the composer's vision of the cantata combines the power of imagination with strict form-making principles.
«New dilettantism» like one of the strategies of metamodern music
Authors: Khrushcheva Nastasia Alekseevna
Published: December 2024

The article proposes the term «new dilettantism», which defines one of the dominant strategies in music of recent decades: it manifests itself in the use of average, commonly used, predicable intonations, the poetics of the insignificant, the preference for the slow and quiet over the fast and loud, the idea of an «imperfect opus», and finally, in the erosion boundaries between «professional» and «non-professional». «New dilettantism» is one of the facets of musical metamodernism – a direction that offers simplicity instead of complexity, work with «banal» material instead of searching an individual composer’s language, semantic oscillation instead of technical centrism. In the broad sense, the field of «new dilettantism» can include such phenomena as the music and views of Morton Feldman, who openly criticized complex music, the Wandelweiser group, which introduced quiet sonorities into academic music, not held together by a formal idea, as well as radically simplified works of Russian composers Sergei Zagniy and Kirill Shirokov in their own language. To derive general patterns that allow us to talk about new amateurism, the cultural-historical method and the method of holistic analysis are used: each of the mentioned works is considered in the broadest cultural context.The main conclusions of the study are the following: the trends of metamodern art of recent decades allow us to speak of “new amateurism” (new dilettantism), as the most important creative strategy; “new amateurism” (new dilettantism), in the broadest sense is opposed to the “technocentrism” characteristic of music in the second half of the twentieth century; works of the “new amateurism” appeal to “childish”, “weak” and “banal” material, contrasting it with the “well-developed”, “complex”, “perfect” material of the era of the second avant-garde.
Beyond Topic Modeling: Analyzing Historical Text with Large Language Models
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey Valer'evich
Published: December 2024

The article explores the potential of large language models in thematic analysis of historical texts, exemplified by the 1849 diary of Vologda gymnasium student Kirill Antonovich Berezkin. This rich source illuminates the everyday life, worldview, and social interactions of a young individual in mid-19th century provincial Russia. The diary offers a multifaceted narrative, capturing cultural events, political contexts, and personal introspections. By meticulously analyzing this text, researchers can reconstruct not just an individual's experiences, but also gain profound insights into the social, cultural, and educational landscape of the era. Employing the Gemini 1.5 Pro model, renowned for processing extensive textual data, the study conducted a comprehensive analysis. The research methodology involved examining the diary both holistically and through monthly segmentation, enabling the identification of nuanced content aspects. The novelty of the approach lies in applying modern large language models to a Russian historical document. The results demonstrated the model's remarkable capability to identify key themes, successfully isolating eight major thematic areas that reflect the gymnasium student's life. Utilizing parallel prompting with a monthly text breakdown revealed specific themes and subtleties that a comprehensive review might have overlooked. The study ultimately validates the effectiveness of large language models in historical source analysis, presenting promising opportunities for automating topic modeling and uncovering hidden patterns in extensive textual datasets. However, the inherently stochastic nature of these models necessitates multiple analyses, careful result interpretation, and critical comparison with traditional historical research methodologies.
A Target Model for Social Justice Supervision
Authors: Ellison Sara , Tierney Paul , Taylor Margaret
Published: December 2024

Addressing social justice in supervision is essential to dismantling systemic oppression and infusing social justice practices into the profession of counseling. Despite the importance of social justice to the training and development of novice counselors, few models exist in the professional literature to guide supervisors wishing to integrate these essential competencies. This article proposes a simple, structured Target Model for Social Justice Supervision utilizing the roles of Bernard’s Discrimination Model to focus on self-awareness, client and supervisee worldview, the counseling and supervision relationship, social justice interventions, and evaluation procedures. Specific goals, strategies, interventions, and the application of the model are discussed.
Wellness and Discrimination in Counselor Education
Authors: Gleason Brett , Clark Madeline , Salpietro Lena , Jacoby Rachel
Published: December 2024

Wellness and diversity are cornerstones of professional counseling; however, both have received little attention in terms of counselor educators and their students. The results of a quantitative study (N = 301) explored the relationship between wellness and experiences of discrimination for counselor educators, doctoral students, and master’s counseling students. Researchers utilized the Five Factor Wellness Inventory, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and a demographic questionnaire to conduct both a hierarchical linear regression and a factorial ANOVA to answer research questions. Results of the study indicated that both perceived discrimination and identity factors significantly impact wellness levels for individuals within counselor education. Implications for the field such as modeling, mindfulness, and individualized wellness for both students and counselor educators are discussed.
A novel image segmentation method based on spatial autocorrelation identifies A-type potassium channel clusters in the thalamus
Authors: Dávid Csaba , Giber Kristóf , Kerti-Szigeti Katalin , Köllő Mihály , Nusser Zoltan , Acsady Laszlo
Published: December 2024

Unsupervised segmentation in biological and non-biological images is only partially resolved. Segmentation either requires arbitrary thresholds or large teaching datasets. Here, we propose a spatial autocorrelation method based on Local Moran’s I coefficient to differentiate signal, background, and noise in any type of image. The method, originally described for geoinformatics, does not require a predefined intensity threshold or teaching algorithm for image segmentation and allows quantitative comparison of samples obtained in different conditions. It utilizes relative intensity as well as spatial information of neighboring elements to select spatially contiguous groups of pixels. We demonstrate that Moran’s method outperforms threshold-based method in both artificially generated as well as in natural images especially when background noise is substantial. This superior performance can be attributed to the exclusion of false positive pixels resulting from isolated, high intensity pixels in high noise conditions. To test the method’s power in real situation, we used high power confocal images of the somatosensory thalamus immunostained for Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 (A-type) voltage-gated potassium channels in mice. Moran’s method identified high-intensity Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 ion channel clusters in the thalamic neuropil. Spatial distribution of these clusters displayed strong correlation with large sensory axon terminals of subcortical origin. The unique association of the special presynaptic terminals and a postsynaptic voltage-gated ion channel cluster was confirmed with electron microscopy. These data demonstrate that Moran’s method is a rapid, simple image segmentation method optimal for variable and high noise conditions.
Tissue-resident natural killer cells support survival in pancreatic cancer through promotion of cDC1-CD8 T activity
Authors: Go Simei , Demetriou Constantinos , Valenzano Giampiero , Hughes Sophie , Lanfredini Simone , Ferry Helen , Arbe-Barnes Edward , Sivakumar Shivan , Bashford-Rogers Rachel , Middleton Mark R , Mukherjee Somnath , Morton Jennifer , Jones Keaton , Neill Eric O
Published: December 2024

The immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prevents tumor control and strategies to restore anti-cancer immunity (i.e. by increasing CD8 T-cell activity) have had limited success. Here, we demonstrate how inducing localized physical damage using ionizing radiation (IR) unmasks the benefit of immunotherapy by increasing tissue-resident natural killer (trNK) cells that support CD8 T activity. Our data confirms that targeting mouse orthotopic PDAC tumors with IR together with CCR5 inhibition and PD1 blockade reduces E-cadherin positive tumor cells by recruiting a hypoactive NKG2D-ve NK population, phenotypically reminiscent of trNK cells, that supports CD8 T-cell involvement. We show an equivalent population in human single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) PDAC cohorts that represents immunomodulatory trNK cells that could similarly support CD8 T-cell levels in a cDC1-dependent manner. Importantly, a trNK signature associates with survival in PDAC and other solid malignancies revealing a potential beneficial role for trNK in improving adaptive anti-tumor responses and supporting CCR5 inhibitor (CCR5i)/αPD1 and IR-induced damage as a novel therapeutic approach.
Lipid discovery enabled by sequence statistics and machine learning
Authors: Christensen Priya M , Martin Jonathan , Uppuluri Aparna , Joyce Luke R , Wei Yahan , Guan Ziqiang , Morcos Faruck , Palmer Kelli L
Published: December 2024

Bacterial membranes are complex and dynamic, arising from an array of evolutionary pressures. One enzyme that alters membrane compositions through covalent lipid modification is MprF. We recently identified that Streptococcus agalactiae MprF synthesizes lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG) from anionic PG, and a novel cationic lipid, lysyl-glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Lys-Glc-DAG), from neutral glycolipid Glc-DAG. This unexpected result prompted us to investigate whether Lys-Glc-DAG occurs in other MprF-containing bacteria, and whether other novel MprF products exist. Here, we studied protein sequence features determining MprF substrate specificity. First, pairwise analyses identified several streptococcal MprFs synthesizing Lys-Glc-DAG. Second, a restricted Boltzmann machine-guided approach led us to discover an entirely new substrate for MprF in Enterococcus, diglucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc2-DAG), and an expanded set of organisms that modify glycolipid substrates using MprF. Overall, we combined the wealth of available sequence data with machine learning to model evolutionary constraints on MprF sequences across the bacterial domain, thereby identifying a novel cationic lipid.
Value construction through sequential sampling explains serial dependencies in decision making
Authors: Zylberberg Ariel , Bakkour Akram , Shohamy Daphna , Shadlen Michael N
Published: December 2024

Deciding between a pair of familiar items is thought to rely on a comparison of their subjective values. When the values are similar, decisions take longer, and the choice may be inconsistent with stated value. These regularities are thought to be explained by the same mechanism of noisy evidence accumulation that leads to perceptual errors under conditions of low signal to noise. However, unlike perceptual decisions, subjective values may vary with internal states (e.g. desires, priorities) that change over time. This raises the possibility that the apparent stochasticity of choice reflects changes in value rather than mere noise. We hypothesized that these changes would manifest in serial dependencies across decision sequences. We analyzed data from a task in which participants chose between snack items. We developed an algorithm, Reval, that revealed significant fluctuations of the subjective values of items within an experimental session. The dynamic values predicted choices and response times more accurately than stated values. The dynamic values also furnished a superior account of the BOLD signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A novel bounded-evidence accumulation model with temporally correlated evidence samples supports the idea that revaluation reflects the dynamic construction of subjective value during deliberation, which in turn influences subsequent decisions.
Comparative leaf anatomy of two species of Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae): taxonomic importance and adaptations to xeric conditions of the cangas
Authors: Silva Joyce C. R. , Silva Kleber R. , Caldeira Cecilio F. , Oriani Aline , Watanabe Mauricio T. C.
Published: December 2024

Background

Accurate species identification is the first step towards establishing conservation strategies, especially regarding rare and threatened species, such as those studied here. Moreover, understanding the responses to the environment and growing conditions of endemic species is necessary for its conservation. This study compares the leaf anatomy of Ipomoea cavalcantei and I. marabaensis, which grow on the Brazilian ironstone outcrops (cangas) and exhibit morphological convergence.

Methods

Leaf anatomical characters of the species were described. Additionally, the leaf adaptive potential of I. cavalcantei was evaluated, comparing individuals grown in natural canga areas (in situ) and cultivated in topsoil (ex situ). Quantitative analysis evaluated stomatal density, polar and equatorial diameter of stomata, and thickness of the epidermis and mesophyll.

Results

Ipomoea cavalcantei and I. marabaensis can be distinguished by the mesophyll type. Ipomoea marabaensis is also characterized by the presence of lateral protuberances on the abaxial surface of the midrib. Individuals of I. cavalcantei under cultivation have lower stomatal density, although their functionality (polar/equatorial diameter) is more significant than those grown in a natural environment; these individuals also exhibit leaves with a thinner cuticle, abaxial epidermal cells with more sinuous walls, a lower occurrence of trichomes and secretory cells (laticifers), and more druse-containing idioblasts in the mesophyll. All these traits are adaptations to growing conditions that include lower light and the absence of water stress.

Conclusions

Leaf anatomical traits showed to be useful to delimit Ipomoea cavalcantei and I. marabaensis in the non-reproductive stage. For individuals of I. cavalcantei cultivated in topsoil, some features, especially of the epidermis, respond to light and water supply.
Construction and validation of a predictive model for the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients over 65 years of age with malignant tumours: a single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xuexing , Chu Jie , Wei Chunmei , Xu Jinsong , He Yuan , Chen Chunmei
Published: December 2024

Background

Nutritional status is a critical indicator of overall health in individuals suffering from malignant tumours, reflecting the complex interplay of various contributing factors. This research focused on identifying and analysing the factors influencing malnutrition among older patients aged ≥65 with malignant tumours and aimed to develop a comprehensive risk model for predicting malnutrition.

Methods

This study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 3,387 older inpatients aged ≥65 years with malignant tumours collected at our hospital from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. The dataset was subsequently divided into training and validation sets at an 8:2 ratio. The nutritional status of these patients was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening Tool 2002 (NRS-2002) and the 2018 Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Standards for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Based on these assessments, patients were categorized into either malnutrition or non-malnutrition groups. Subsequently, a risk prediction model was developed and presented through a nomogram for practical application.

Results

The analysis encompassed 2,715 individuals in the development cohort and 672 in the validation cohort, with a malnutrition prevalence of 40.42%. A significant positive correlation between the incidence of malnutrition and age was observed. Independent risk factors identified included systemic factors, tumour staging (TNM stage), age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, history of alcohol consumption, co-infections, presence of ascites or pleural effusion, haemoglobin (HGB) levels, creatinine (Cr), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The predictive model exhibited areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.793 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.776–0.810]) for the development cohort and 0.832 (95% CI [0.801–0.863]) for the validation cohort. Calibration curves indicated Brier scores of 0.186 and 0.190, while the Hosmer–Lemeshow test yielded chi-square values of 5.633 and 2.875, respectively (P > 0.05). Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the model’s clinical applicability and superiority over the NRS-2002, highlighting its potential for valuable clinical application.

Conclusion

This study successfully devised a straightforward and efficient prediction model for malnutrition among older patients aged 65 and above with malignant tumours. The model represents a significant advancement as a clinical tool for identifying individuals at high risk of malnutrition, enabling early intervention with targeted nutritional support and improving patient outcomes.
Histórias de vida de pacientes com Esquizofrenia
Authors: Haag Eder Ricardo , Lange Guilherme , Dal-Pont Gustavo Colombo , Zanella Clayton Luiz , Foppa Talize
Published: December 2024

Este estudo aborda a esquizofrenia, uma condição mental crônica que afeta a capacidade de tomada de decisões, regulação afetiva e processamento cognitivo. O objetivo dos pesquisadores foi compreender as histórias de vida de indivíduos com esquizofrenia explorando os desafios enfrentados em várias esferas. A pesquisa qualitativa foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise das entrevistas, utilizou-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo proposto por Bardin (2021) A abordagem adotada durante as entrevistas proporcionou conforto aos entrevistados permitindo-lhes expressar suas experiências de forma mais livre, isso resultou em uma reflexão aprofundada sobre suas respectivas trajetórias. Os resultados obtidos revelaram insights valiosos, identificando-se cinco categorias de análise: sintomas, diagnóstico, tratamento, relações sociais e lazer. Na categoria relacionada aos sintomas dos pacientes observou-se que a ocorrência de alucinações verbais auditivas é um aspecto comum a todos os participantes. Adicionalmente, constatou-se que o diagnóstico precoce e o início imediato do tratamento estão diretamente relacionados a um prognóstico mais favorável para o paciente. A importância da estrutura familiar merece destaque na categoria de relações sociais uma vez que apresenta um impacto significativo no cotidiano dos indivíduos resultando em maior grau de independência e autonomia para aqueles que recebem suporte familiar. No âmbito do lazer, é possível confirmar a singularidade inerente a cada ser humano, independentemente da presença de uma condição patológica. Acredita-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa podem impulsionar novos estudos com uma amostragem mais ampla permitindo a identificação de novas categorias de análise e ampliando a discussão sobre o tema.
Análise bibliométrica dos estudos no Brasil sobre gestão de custos em hospitais
Authors: Rocha Tiago Soares da , Santana Naja Brandão , Araújo Larissa Elaine Dantas de , Dancigelo Lilian Aparecida Souza
Published: December 2024

O papel dos gestores dos hospitais públicos é crucial para prestação de serviços economicamente sustentáveis, dependendo fortemente de dados e evidências científicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise bibliométrica sobre estudos referentes à gestão de custos em hospitais no Brasil. Dessa forma, foram identificadas as obras mais citadas, os autores mais citados nos resultados da busca, os autores com mais publicações dentro dos resultados e as áreas de pesquisa dos estudos, sendo realizada uma análise dos principais resultados encontrados. Os resultados demonstraram que, pela análise das ocorrências, não existem estudos utilizados como principais referências pelos autores que exploram o tema. Quanto aos autores, foram identificadas possíveis referências. Outro resultado relevante aponta que muitos estudos sobre o tema são encontrados nas áreas médicas, e não nas áreas relacionadas à administração. Quanto aos autores que mais publicam, encontram-se pesquisadores brasileiros com formação e atuação profissional e acadêmica nas áreas médicas, com complementação nas áreas administrativas.