bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS IN CONTRUCTION AND CONTEXT OF USE: SLANG LANGUAGE
Authors: Suhardianto Suhardianto , Suryani Melly Siska
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed to find a comparison of how each language (colloquail, slang, transformational) are formed and in what context is used. This research is descriptive qualitative research. At the stage of providing data, researchers use Simak and Cakap technique. In the process of data analysis, the researchers use the method of padan and agih method. The agih method is used to look at the slang language constructs in each period while the method of padan is used to describe the adolescent Perspective in the use of colloquail, slang and transformational language from time to time. The result of the research shows that the way how the three non standard language is different from each other. Colloquail language are formed by changing “a” to “e” in final syllable, Deletion of First Syllable, New word formation, Additional Syllable “nge”, Change “a” to “e” in final syllable and add “an”,  and Additional particle “deh”, “aja”, “kok”, “ama”. Slang language are formed by Initial Each Word Collection, Word letter choosen, Deletion of initial letter and syllable, Change of “s’ to “c”, Change of “k” to “q”, Change of “au” to “w”, Change of “u” to “oe”, Adoption of basic words, English language abbreviation, English-Indonesia Abreviation, Citation and new word construction.Transformational language are formed by Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula after single vowel sound syllable, Ga/G, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before dipthong sound syllable, Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before last consonant sound, and Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula for cluster consonant. The colloquial language usage context is more influenced by the habitual aspects heard by speakers in their environment such as at home, in markets, playgrounds, and certain other events. Slang languages, its use is influenced by the juvenile community environment where users only on the uses level 12 to 19 years. Transformational language was influenced by the desire to hide speech to people who were not from their groups like parents and strangers.
AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH WORDS
Authors: Idayani Andi
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to know the students’ errors in pronouncing of English words on vowel and consonant sounds in the first semester of English students of FKIP UIR. The research design of this study is descriptive research. The researcher assessed the students’ errors pronunciation at English Language Education of FKIP UIR. The Respondent of this research was the first semester of English students of FKIP UIR. In this study, the research instrument is an oral test, there are 40 words that be tested, and the data was collected by a recorder. In analyzing the data, the researcher helped by other English lecturers as raters. Then, the data was checked by using talking-talking software and phonetic transcription. The result of this study described that there are some errors made by students in pronouncing English words. There are 25 students’ errors pronounced short vowel /e/, 15 students’ errors pronouncing short vowel /ᴜ/, 21 Students’ errors pronouncing the consonant / ð/, 18 students’ errors pronouncing consonant /ɵ/, and 17 students’ errors pronouncing consonant /ʒ/.
STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING APPLICATION LETTER AT FOURTH SEMESTER ASM PERSADA BUNDA PEKANBARU
Authors: DIANA LIA
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 

The study purposed to determine if application letter can improve the students writing skill. The research intent onto the students’ ability English functional writing, especially in writing application letter at the fourth semester ASM Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. The research participants were the fourth semester students of  Akademi Sekretaris dan Manajemen (ASM) Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. There were 5 students. The research determined that application letter coud improve the students writing’s skill. This research is qualitative research. The writer collects the data using the test and the documentation. The test is written test of application letter in English subject for the students  at the fourth semester of ASM Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. Then, the students’ sheet were corrected by scoring rubric of business letter. Finally, the writer analyzes the students’ score .

 

Key words: Application letter, Writing Ability,
STUDENTS' SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING IN LISTENING CLASS
Authors: Yeni Melda
Published: September 2020

the purpose of this research is to know the level of students’ self-directed learning at the second semester of English Study program of Islamic University of Indragiri. It is achieved by conducting a quantitative study. Questionnaire was distributed to 23 students to get the result of the research. The questionnaire was using Guttmann Scale. The result of this questionnaire revealed that students’ self-directed learning in listening class relies on low level.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GALERY WALK TECHNIQUE TOWARD GRAMMAR COMPETENCE OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF UNHASY
Authors: Zuhriyah Mukminatus
Published: September 2020

Almost all of the students who learn English assume that learning grammar of English is not so important. They often think that their English is already acceptable in every condition without good grammar. This assumption makes their care on how important grammar is for their English less. It causes their grammar competence becomes low. Besides, the lecturer’s way of teaching which is not interesting also gives contribution to this low competence. This pre-experimental research was done by implementing gallery walk technique which is believed as an interesting and challenging teaching technique in intermediate English grammar class. The objectives of this research were to know: (1) the students’ grammar competence before the implementation of gallery walk technique, (2) the students’ competence on grammar after being taught by using GWT and (3) the effectiveness of GWT towards students’ grammar competence. The population of this study was two classes of the third semester students of English language eduacation department of UNHASY in the academic year of 2019/2020. The sample was class B comprising of 19 students by using purposive sampling. The students’ average score of grammar before GWT was applied was 67. After GWT was implemented, their mean score of grammar became 73. Because the value of sig. (2-tailed) was lower than 0.05, it showed that the improvement of the average results of pretest and posttest was significantly different. Then, it came to the conclusion that GWT was effective for teaching grammar.
STUDENTS’ ERRORS ANALYSIS IN CHANGING ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE VOICE OF SIMPLE PRESENT AND PAST TENSE (A CASE STUDY AT EIGHTH GRADE OF SMP SWASTA PUTERI SION MEDAN)
Authors: Manurung Dian Septiana , Lestari Lince , Manik Monica Evaliani
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This research was purposed to analyze students’ errors in changing active into passive voice of simple present and past tense. This study used descriptive qualitative research design. The data source was students’ test printed papers which contained passive voice questions as the instrument. The subject was eighth grade of SMP Swasta Puteri Sion Medan which consisted of 31 students. The data was identified, classified, and analyzed based on surface strategy taxonomy of Dulay’s theory, namely error of omission with percentage 23,3%, error of addition with percentage 12,19%, error of misformation with percentage 55,82% which established as the dominant error, and error of misordering with percentage 8,67%. The total of errors’ percentage reached 99,98%.

 

Keywords: Error Analysis, Passive Voice.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dalam simple present dan past tense. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah lembar kerja siswa yang dicetak yang berisi pertanyaan kalimat pasif sebagai instrumennya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII SMP Swasta Puteri Sion Medan dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 31 orang. Data diidentifikasi, diklasifikasikan, dan dianalisis berdasarkan kesalahan taksonomi siasat permukaan dari teori Dulay, yaitu kesalahan penghilangan dengan persentase 23,3%, kesalahan penambahan dengan persentase 12,19%, kesalahan salah formasi dengan persentase 55,82% yang ditetapkan sebagai kesalahan dominan dan kesalahan salah susun dengan persentase 8,67%. Total persentase kesalahan mencapai 99,98%.

 

Kata kunci: Analisis kesalahan, kalimat pasif.
THE EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT VERSUS EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS TO TEACH REFUSAL STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ SOCIOPRAGMATIC AND PRAGMALINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
Authors: Handayani Trifita
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The purposes of the study were to explain the effects of implicit instruction on student’s sociopragmatic competences, implicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, explicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on student’s pragmalinguistic competences, and the interaction between instructions with the students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competences. The study used a quantitative research by using experimental factorial design 2x2. The data were taken from 80 second semester students at English Language Education Study Program at STAIN. The result of the study revealed that the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic was 80.000 while explicit 92.550. Meanwhile, the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ pragmalinguistic was 83.000 while explicit 95.5000. It could be concluded that explicit has better effect to teach refusal strategies than implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence based on the difference between the means score on implicit and explicit.
THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF CREATIVE WRITING IN RELATION WRITING SKILL
Authors: Larasaty Gina
Published: September 2020

In this era, writing is one of the skills that should be mastered by the students, because it will be useful in the future. Writing has a purpose of entertaining and of giving the information, for example, in creative writing. This research aimed to know the students’ perception of abilities they acquired after they participated in creative writing at the university level. The method of this research is descriptive analysis. The Participants of this research are coming from students in the fourth semester of English Department in Wiralodra University who took the Poetry subject Then the study resulted in the identification of abilities the students acquired after learning creative writing, the students are more self-confidence, critical reading and gain their vocabulary, grammar and punctuation in writing.
Activating Students to Speak English by Using ELTIS Resource Pack
Authors: Nurchalis Nur Fadillah , Selviana Selviana , Riza Effran Ade
Published: September 2020

Students are mostly talkative outside the classroom, but in English class, they are more apathetic. This research aims to examine how English Language Training for Islamic Schools (ELTIS) resource pack is able to activate students’ to speak English. This research is designed as Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is specific to collaborative action research. The subjects of this research are 25 students of the eighth class of MTs Pacongan Pinrang in the academic year 2019/2020. Instruments of the research test, observation checklist, and interview. The test aims to gain quantitative data, while the observation checklist and interview aim to gain qualitative data. The result finds that the use of various media available in ELTIS Resource Pack activates students to speak English. A variety of learning media reduces students’ boredom and engages students during the learning process enthusiastically.
Jenderal AH. Nasution dalam Peristiwa 17 Oktober 1952
Authors: Fathurrahman Endang , Sugiri Ahmad , Pribadi Yanwar
Published: September 2020

The Indonesian National Army was realized because of the desire of the people, especially the youth, who felt called to fight for the independence of the Indonesian state that had been proclaimed. In 1947, the paramilitary forces and the TRI in the national army were united, under the name of the Indonesian National Army (TNI). In 1950-1952 General A. H. Nasution was appointed as Army Chief of Staff, in his leadership the 17 October 1952 incident occurred when he submitted a proposal to the president to dissolve parliament. But this event also occurred because of parliamentary efforts to interfere in military affairs, and the Army at that time faced a crisis that could escalate towards division.
Teologi Agama-agama Tipologi Tripolar; Eksklusivisme, Inklusivisme dan Kajian Pluralisme
Authors: Zamakhsari Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Tripolar typology is one of the approaches to theology of religions that was popularized by Alan Race. This typology is used as a standard in theological studies of religions, and is still widely used in the theological discourse of religions. Tripolar typology used to map various approaches theologians and  theologians non-Christian on the relation of Christianity with religions. other  This mapping is based on the similarities and differences in their perspective on other religions outside Christianity. The three typologies are exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism.Komarudin Hidayat stated that there are five typologies of religious attitudes, namely "exclusivism, inclusivism, pluralism, eclecivism, and universalism". These five typologies do not mean that each is separated and disconnected from the other nor permanent, but rather it is said to be a prominent trend, considering that every religion or religious attitude always has the potential to produce the five attitudes above. Even though there are differences in theological types of religion with other religious scholars, such as Panikkar, who mentions three typologies: exclusive, inclusive, and parallelism, essentially the typological mentions contain the same meaning and meaning. Therefore, we will discuss the typologies of religion.
Gerakan Sosial Keagamaan Thariqah ‘Alawiyyin
Authors: Saepudin Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Religious social movement that the author means a discussion of religious problems does not lie in the controversy found in religious teachings. Nor does it lie in the interpretation of the verses that give guidance on the worship of ubudiyah and syariah muamalah. The emphasis is more on how to influence the process of taking public policy to comply with the sharia. When viewed in terms of the characteristics of social relations, such religious movements can develop social relations that are exclusively closed, in the sense of involving only themselves, or commit monopolistic actions on the various resources they have. But it can also develop social relationships that are inclusive open, in the sense of wanting to engage in movements outside the group, as long as in the spirit of upholding Islamic law. The religious movement through the development of tariqah 'Alawi is now more popular with the movement of the practice of tariqah Al-Haddadiyyah.
Peranan Jalaluddin Rumi dalam Mendirikan Tarekat Maulawiyah di Konya Tahun 1258-1273 M
Authors: Wardah Eva Syarifah , Rohayati Siti
Published: September 2020

Jalaluddin Rumi is a teacher, poets, and famous Sufi order which came from Persia. Besides his famous works, Jalaluddin Rumi also founded Tarekat Maulawiyah in the year of 1258 M, based in Konya. Based on history, Tarekat Maulawiyah born since the establishment friendship between Jalaluddin Rumi with this teacher, Syamsuddin At-Tabrizi. Sama’ (spinning dance) from teachings Tarekat Maulawiyah raises pros and cons in the Konya community, because the teachings are considered strange. In developing Tarekat Maulawiyah, Jalaluddin Rumi make efforts like teaching, making Sama’ a basic characteristic Tarekat Maulawiyah, and writing poetry.
O sistema educativo angolano e sua adequação no contexto cultural das zonas rurais em Huambo – Angola (África)
Authors: Chilumbo Alcídio Edgar José
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo, analisar o impacto do sistema educativo nas zonas rurais em Huambo – Angola (África). A educação rural é complexa pois enfrenta várias dificuldades sociais, uma delas é que a maioria da população sobrevive das práticas agrícolas, aqui as crianças abandonam a escola para ajudarem os seus pais no trabalho do campo. Em Angola, a educação rural não possui autonomia pedagógica, e com o despreparo do professor para sustentar essa realidade rural, problematiza o ensino e aprendizagem, pois a escola deve transformar a sociedade ela e o sistema educativo devem estar voltadas as comunidades rurais, respeitando as suas culturas e a tradições, para que a mensagem da escola tenha um retorno.
Programma litterarium Józefa Andrzeja Załuskiego
Authors: Bieńkowski Tadeusz
Published: September 2020

Wydana w 1732 r. broszura Programma litterarium... to podstawowe dzieło do zrozumienia ideologii, zamierzeń i metody pracy Józefa Andrzeja Załuskiego, w którym przedstawił on swój program realizowany później konsekwentnie przez całe życie. To w tej publikacji nakreślony został po raz pierwszy na gruncie polskim długoplanowy rozwój humanistyki, świadomy i przemyślany plan ratowania, gromadzenia, przechowywania i pełnego opracowania naukowego zabytków piśmiennictwa. Jest to więc teoretyczny fundament gromadzenia i wykorzystania polskich księgozbiorów historycznych. W artykule zreferowano treść broszury, a także dokonano próby jej oceny. Publikacja niewątpliwie była wyjątkowym zjawiskiem kulturalnym w Polsce czasów saskich, a poglądy w niej zawarte znamionowały przejęcie przez autora oświeceniowych idei europejskich.
Z dziejów polskiej książki iluminowanej epoki baroku. Hipolit Szolc – Urban z Warty – Błażej Derej
Authors: Mikołejko Zbigniew
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie twórczości trzech barokowych iluminatorów Hipolita Szolca, Urbana z Warty oraz Błażeja Dereja. Autor relacjonuje barokowe trendy na podstawie zachowanych w bibliotekach krakowskich kodeksów iluminowanych wspomnianych artystów. Dokonany opis pozwala na uchwycenie pewnej tendencji rozwojowej w obrębie XVII-wiecznego polskiego zdobnictwa liturgicznych ksiąg muzycznych. Tendencja ta polegała na transponowaniu dla nowych celów tradycyjnych wątków dekoratorskich, poprzez wzbogacanie ich o rozwiązania przyjęte głównie ze sztuki ludowej i rzemiosła artystycznego. Dekoratorzy epoki baroku stworzyli własny, spójny wzorzec śpiewnika iluminowanego, łączący w sobie cechy nowej, antymimetycznej estetyki i książki użytkowej.
Książka rękopiśmienna w środowisku bernardyńskim do połowy XVI wieku. Zarys problematyki księgoznawczej
Authors: Pabin Władysław
Published: September 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce funkcjonowania książki rękopiśmiennej w środowisku polskiej prowincji franciszkanów obserwantów – zwanych potocznie bernardynami – w okresie od objęcia pierwszej fundacji stradomskiej w 1453 r. do połowy XVI w. Z tego okresu zachowała się stosunkowo duża grupa rękopisów, które są przechowywane w zbiorach bernardyńskich lub rozproszone zostały po bibliotekach i archiwach państwowych oraz kościelnych. Najliczebniejszy zespół stanowią tzw. rękopisy biblioteczne znajdujące się w Bibliotece Prowincji OO. Bernardynów w Krakowie. Ponadto archiwum prowincji w drukowanym katalogu zbiorów wskazuje pewną liczbę kodeksów rękopiśmiennych, które pozostają w kręgu zainteresowań bibliologów. Wyznaczona cezura czasowa została jedynie przekroczona przy omawianiu rękopisów liturgicznych. Autor w oparciu o prowadzone badania w zakresie kultury dawnej książki w środowisku bernardyńskim określił cechy charakterystyczne bernardyńskiej kultury rękopiśmiennej w czasie wynalezienia i upowszechnienia techniki druku ruchomymi czcionkami.
Biblioteka i archiwum Radziwiłłów w Białej Podlaskiej,
Authors: Karkucińska Wanda
Published: September 2020

W artykule opisano dzieje mało do tej pory znanego badaczom księgozbioru i archiwum, które zostały zgromadzone przez Radziwiłłów w Białej Podlaskiej. Szczególne zasługi w gromadzeniu zbiorów bialskich i w ich opracowaniu przypadają Annie z książąt Sanguszków Radziwiłłowej. Analiza katalogu A. Radziwiłłowej i porównanie go z katalogiem części księgozbioru z Nieświeża pozwala autorce stwierdzić, że biblioteka i archiwum bialskie zawierały jeżeli nie całość, to z pewnością część zbiorów nieświeskich. Księgozbiór ten należał do jednych z lepszych w staropolskiej Rzeczypospolitej, szczególnie bogaty był w literaturę francuską.
Piśmiennictwo masowe w początkach epoki nowożytnej „Iudica astrologica” z Krakowa
Authors: Potkowski Edward
Published: September 2020

Przedmiotem badań autora jest krakowska literatura astrologiczna, przede wszystkim kalendarze astrologiczne, literatura bardzo popularna w XVI w. Opisano środowisko twórców „iudica Cracoviensia”, głównie byli to profesorowie Akademii, poszczególnych twórców i ich wybrane dzieła, drukarzy i nakłady prognostyków. Szczegółowo opisany został łaciński kalendarz na rok 1539 autorstwa Wojciecha Grabowskiego z Sierpca. Do artykułu dołączono podobizny wybranych stron Iudicum astrologicum Grabowskiego.
Dziesięć lat z życia bibliotek polonijnych (1938-1948)
Authors: Bieńkowska Barbara
Published: September 2020

Autorka opisuje prace nad przygotowaniem w Biurze Pełnomocnika Rządu do spraw Polskiego Dziedzictwa Kulturalnego za Granicą Informatora o bibliotekach polskich poza Krajem w latach 1938-1948. Głównym problemem w opracowaniu publikacji jest brak lub niepełna dokumentacja rozrzuconych po świecie księgozbiorów polonijnych lub problemy w dotarciu do niej. Znane są ogólne dzieje największych placówek przytaczane w opracowaniach bibliologicznych i dotyczących Polaków na obczyźnie. Jednak nawet te informacje są bardzo rozproszone. Trudno na ich podstawie zarysować całościowy obraz polonijnego bibliotekarstwa. Autorzy informatora przeprowadzili obszerną kwerendę, poszukiwania archiwalne oraz analizę dostępnych w kraju materiałów proweniencyjnych. Dzięki podjętym pracom, mimo niedostatkom materiałowym, udało się ukazać bogactwo i dynamikę polonijnego ruchu na rzecz gromadzenia zbiorów.
Improving Customer Satisfaction in Circle-K Companies Through Services in Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Arif , Ariandi Fajri , Santosa Jaka , Arista Roynaldi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the influence of service to customers satisfaction at PT Circelka Utama Jakarta main Outlets Circle K Regatta Apartement Jakarta.The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The author used SPSS Version 21 to calculate the validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient test, test coefficient of determination, and test the regression equation. The service applied has been running well based on the result of calculation of correlation coefficient of 0.689 with error 5% table 0.689>0.20, then there is a strong correlation. Based on the coefficient of determination obtained result 0.474 or 47% value of the amount of customer satisfaction by service data, while the remaining 53% was influenced by other factors such as price, promotion, and corporate image. Based on the research showed the quality service which includes the tangible, realibility, responsive, assurance, and emphaty to depend on the particular satisfaction simultaneously. Emphaty dimension is variable which influences with full and has the biggest impact on customers satisfaction Circle K of Regatta Apartment Jakarta.
Tiheä, tavallinen ja joustava
Authors: Maunula Minna
Published: September 2020

Yhä useampi yliopisto-opintonsa päättänyt perheenäiti ryhtyy tekemään väitöstutkimusta. Tohtoriksi opiskeleville perhe tuo pätkittäiseen arkielämään jatkuvuutta. Vaikka tutkimustyö imaisee ja koukuttaa, tohtoriopiskelija haluaa pitää arjessaan sekä perheen että tutkimustyön. Yhdistäminen onnistuu, jos ajalliset resurssit on suunniteltu tarkasti ja perhe antaa äidille tukensa.
Inspiroiva käsikirja esimiestyön alkutaipaleelle
Authors: Savolainen Panu
Published: September 2020

Käsikirja ammattimaiseen esimiestyöhön / Tarja Surakka & Nina Laine. Tampere, 2011.
Työnohjauksesta on moneksi
Authors: Keskinen Soili
Published: September 2020

Työnohjaus – ryhmien ja organisaatioiden kehittämisen välineenä / Kaarina Ranne, Heikki Markkanen, Tuula Malo (toim.). Tampere : Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, 2011.
Asiantuntijat tutkimuksen ja kritiikin kohteena
Authors: Silvennoinen Heikki
Published: September 2020

”Asiantuntejuus ei ole ymmärrettävissä vain yksilön ominaisuutena. Myös ympäristö ja välineet ovat olennainen osa asiantuntijuutta.”
Devvânî’nin Akaid-i Adudiyye Şerhi’nde Hudûs ve Nazar (Çeviri)
Authors: ED-DEVVÂNÎ Celâleddîn
Published: September 2020

Celâleddîn ed-Devvânî, felsefe ile kelâmın birleştiği dönemin önemli bir simasıdır. Onun felsefe ile din arasında temelde bir uzlaşı kurma çabasında olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Kelâmî konulara dair görüşlerini daha çok Adududdin el-Îcî’nin el-Akâidu’l-Adudîyye’sinin şerhinde veren Devvânî, aynı zamanda el-Îcî’den itibaren başlayan şerh ve hâşiye geleneğinin zirve ismidir. Devvânî yaşadığı dönemin ruhuna uygun olarak müstakil eserler yazmak yerine önceki ulemanın eserlerine şerhler yazmıştır. Bu şerhlerden biri olarak Akâidu’l-Adudîyye şerhinde “hudûs” ve “nazar” konularına geniş yer açmış ve bu konuları felsefi bir perspektifle ele almıştır. Devvânî’den sonra bu eseri yoğun bir ilgi görmüş çok sayıda şerh ve haşiyeye konu olmuştur. Biz de bu çalışmamızda onun bu eserinde yazdığı hudus ve nazar konulu bölümlerini tercüme ederek ilim ehlinin istifadesine sunmak istedik. Halen Arapça metnini, geçmişte yazılmış çeşitli nüshaları üzerinden tahkik etmeye çalıştığımız bu eserin tercümede kullandığımız metni, Cemaleddin el-Afgânî ve Muhammed Abduh’un bu esere Hâşiyetu Şerhi’l-Akâid el-Adudîyye ismiyle yazdıkları haşiyenin matbu versiyonudur. Bu haşiye, et-Ta'likât alâ Şerhi’d-Devvânî lil-Akâid’ıl-Adudîyye, ismiyle Seyyid Hâdî Hüsrevşâh tarafından (1. bsk., Mektebetu’ş-Şurûkı’d-Devlîyye, Kahire 2002/1423) bastırılmıştır. Arapça eserin sayfa numaralarını çeviri içerisinde [ ] işaretiyle gösterdik.
Model Pendekatan Education of the Mother Community (EMC) dalam Pencegahan Diare pada Anak di Pekapuran Raya
Authors: Herlina Sri
Published: September 2020

AbstractMorbidity of diarrhea diseases in developing countries is a public healthconcern because the prevalence is still high particularly for children under five years. 207 children recorded had the diarrhea in Pekapuran Raya.This study aims to know the benefits of model approach of education of the mother community (EMC), particularly to the mother'sknowledge on prevention of diarrhea. Quasi-experimental research design one group pre-post test design conducted on 38 mother that have children under five years in Pekapuran Raya Subdistrict of Banjarmasin. The results of pre-test and post-test shows that there is understanding increased the mothers for prevention of diarrhea afterpromotion using model approach of education of the mother community(p <0,05). This model proven to be useful for deliver the healthy information concerning prevention of diarrhea for children. Keywords:diarrhea, prevention, model, education of the mother community (EMC)
Efek Pemberian Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Hepar Tikus Wistar Jantan yang Diinduksi Rifampisin
Authors: Sholihah Shofiyyatunnisa Wuslatush , Firmansyah Marindra , Damayanti Dini Sri
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Rifampicin is one of anti-tuberculosis drugs are reported to have hepatotoxic effects through increasing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) so thattriggering necrosis of liver cells and stimulates the formation of TNF-α. Essential oil of Annona muricata Linn. contains linalool, β-caryophyllen, trans-caryophyllen, germacrene A, germacrene B, germacrene D, sesquisterpene, β-canidine, γ-canidine. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of essential oil of Annona muricata Linn. on levels of Tumor Necrosis Alpha(TNF-α) liver in male wistar rats which induced by rifampicin.Methods: This was an invivo experimental study with control group post test only design and use 25 male wistar rats and divided into 5 groups, they are KN (corn oil), KP (Rifampicin), P1 (Rifampicin + Essential oil 1,5%), P2 (Rifampisin + Essential oil 3%), P3 (Rifampisin + Essential oil 6%) for 6 weeks and then levels of TNF-α liver will be checked. Analysis of the data using One Way (ANOVA) test and then tested by post hoc test using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The result significant if p<0,05.Result: Induced rifampicin can increased levels of TNF-α liver than group KN (p<0,05). Treatment of essential oil of Annona muricata Linn. on P1, P2, and P3 can reduced levels of TNF-α liver than group KP (p<0,05). Allegedly this is due to the active ingredient in the essential oils act as antioxidants and antiinflammatory.Conclusion: Essential oil of Annona muricata Linn. at all doses can reduced levels of TNF-α liver in male wistar rats which induced by rifampicin.Keywords:rifampicin,essential oil of Annona muricata Linn., TNF-α liver
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus manihot (l.) medik) Terhadap Persentase Interleukin-10 (Il-10) dan Sel T Sitotoksik (Cd8+) Tikus Model Diabetes Tipe II
Authors: Kamilah Nur , Hakim Reza , Purnomo Yudi
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan: Inflamasi  akibat kerusakan oksidatif yang dipicu hiperglikemia berperan terhadap progresivitas diabetes melitus (DM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) dan CD8+ berpengaruh terhadap proses inflamasi. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan yang diharapkan dapat menurunkan inflamasi pada patofisiologi DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik terhadap persentase IL-10 dan CD8+ tikus model DM.Metode: Tikus Sprague Dawley jantan, 4-6 minggu dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok kontrol normal (KN), kelompok kontrol diabetes melitus (KDM), kelompok ekstrak etanol daun gedi merah (EEDGM) 200 mg/kgBB, EEDGM 400 mg/kgBB dan EEDGM 800 mg/kgBB (n=5). Hewan coba diinduksi diet tinggi lemak-fruktosa (DTLF) selama 10 minggu dan Streptozotocin (STZ) dosis rendah 25 mg/kgBB intraperitoneal dosis ganda pada minggu ke 4. EEDGM 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB diberikan selama 4 minggu. Pengukuran persentase CD8+ dan IL-10 menggunakan flowcytometry. Analisa data menggunakan One Way Anova dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD (p<0,05).Hasil: Induksi DTLF dan STZ pada kelompok KDM menurunkan persentase IL-10 dan meningkatkan persentase CD8+ dibandingkan KN (p<0.05). Pemberian EEDGM dosis 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB signifikan meningkatkan persentase IL-10 berturut-turut sekitar ½  dan ¾ dibandingkan kelompok KDM (p<0,05). Pemberian EEDGM dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB menurunkan persentase CD8+ berturut-turut 1/5, 1/3 dan 1/10 dibandingkan kelompok KDM (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Pemberian EEDGM meningkatkan persentase IL-10 dan menurunkan persentase CD8+ tikus model diabetes
Analisis faktor pengaruh self regulated learning Terkait motivasi akademik dan kecemasan sebelum ujian Terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa
Authors: Hunta Widyawati , Herlina Sri , Firmansyah Marindra
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan: Mahasiswa dengan Indeks prestasi rendah mengindikasikan mahasiswa belum menerapkan Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) dalam proses pembelajarannya. Terdapat banyak dimensi yang membentuk Self-Regulated Learning diantaranya adalah motivasi akademik dan kecemasan sebelum ujian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis faktor SRL yang terkait dengan motivasi akademik dan kecemasan sebelum ujian terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Islam Malang.Metode: Menggunakan desain observasi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden sebanyak 175 mahasiswa dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Islam Malang kelas 1, kelas 2, dan kelas 3 termasuk kriteria inklusi. Kriteria eksklusinya adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter yang cuti akademik dan tidak naik kelas. Analisa data menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Model) dengan regresi Partial Least Squares (PLS).Hasil: Motivasi akademik (Tstatistik=7.931) dan kecemasan sebelum ujian (Tstatistik=10.873) dalam membentuk Self-Regulated Learning memiliki Pvalue 0,000 yang menunjukkan hasil signifikan. SRL signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik ditunjukkan dengan Tstatistik 6.733 dan Pvalue 0.000. Selain itu, Motivasi akademik (Tstatistik=16.417) dan kecemasan sebelum ujian (Tstatistik=11.152) berpengaruh langsung terhadap prestasi akademik dengan Pvalue 0.000.Kesimpulan: Motivasi akademik dan kecemasan sebelum ujian merupakan faktor pembentuk SRL, dan SRL berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi akademik. Motivasi akademik dan kecemasan sebelum ujian berpengaruh langsung terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa dan menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna.
Efek Saffron (Crocus Sativus) Terhadap TNF-Α Pada Model Artritis Reumatoid
Authors: Dwiyanti Karina , Salim Hotimah
Published: September 2020

Artritis Reumatoid (AR) merupakan penyakit autoimun yang mempengaruhi sendi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sendi yang progresif dan deformitas. Pada penyakit peradangan kronis ini terdapat banyak sitokin inflamasi yang salah satunya adalah TNF-α yang merupakan sitokin utama yang berlimpah dalam sinovium yang sedang meradang. Saffron dikenal karena sifat antioksidannya yang kuat dan sifat anti peradangan. Kemampuan pengambilan radikal pada saffron berhubungan dengan kemampuannya sebagai anti inflamasi yang dapat memblokir produksi sitokin pro-inflamasi seperti TNF-α. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum peran saffron (Crocus sativus) dan konstituennya terhadap TNF-α pada model artritis reumatoid. Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan menggunakan database PubMed Central dengan hasil screening didapatkan empat jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada hasil analisis telaah jurnal pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa literatur ilmiah mengkonfirmasi peran saffron (Crocus sativus) dalam menurunkan kadar TNF-α pada model artritis reumatoid.
Potency Of Vigna Angularis Against Erα Through In Silico Studies
Authors: Damayanti Dini
Published: September 2020

Vigna angularis, from the legume family, contains phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens can activate estrogen receptors and are safer than estrogen. The study aims to analyze the potential of Vigna angularis as an activator of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) through in silico studies. The analysis of molecular docking used SAR (Structure Activity Relationship). A previous study has shown that Vigna angularis contains isoflavones such as Genestein (0.5%), daidzein (14.9%), glycitein (25.8%), formononetin (13%), and biochanin A (45.5%). The results of molecular docking to ERα show that genestein has a free energy binding value of -9.3 and the same amino acid structure, with a control level over estrogen of 66%. In conclusion, in silico studies have shown that genestein from Vigna angularis is the main component that activates the ERα.
A Rare Case: Amegakaryocyte Trombocytopenia As Early Manifestation Of Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Amalia Yeni , Berlianto Wisnu
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which results in inflammation and eventual damage in a broad range of organ systems. Trombocytopenia is a common complication in patients with SLE, but amegakaryocyte trombocytopenia (AMT) is a rare disorder in SLE that characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia as a consequence of a marked decrease in or total absence of megakaryocytes in an otherwise normal bone marrow.CASE Lu, a wellnourished 13 y.o girl, complaining for high fever for 2 weeks, diminished body weight, artralgia, furunculosis, oral apthae and palour for 1 year, and bruising extremities for 2 motnhs. There was hepatosplenomegali. Laboratory findings: Hb 8.8 gr/dL, hct 27%, leucocytes 1.000/µL (ANC 230/µL), trombocytes 25,000/µL. Bone marrow puncture revealed amegacaryocyte thrombocytopenia, absence of megacaryocyte while erythropoesis and granulopoesis were normal. Anti ds DNA 223.8 iu/ml (+); ANA test 101.7 unit (+), microalbumin urine 10 mcg/mg (-), C3 complement 40 mg/dL (¯), ACA IgM 20.6 U/ml (+), ACA IgG 17.3 U/mL (+). The case fulfilled 5 criteria of ACR for SLE. The patient administered ceftazidim and gentamycin for febrile neutropenia, and high dose methylprednisolon injection for SLE.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is Associated With Altered Heart Rate Asymmetry
Authors: TONHAJZEROVÁ I. , ONDREJKA I. , FARSKÝ I. , VIŠŇOVCOVÁ Z. , MEŠŤANÍK M. , JAVORKA M. , JURKO A. , ČALKOVSKÁ A.
Published: September 2020

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with complex neurocardiac integrity. We aimed to study heart rate time asymmetry as a nonlinear qualitative feature of heart rate variability indicating complexity of cardiac autonomic control at rest and in response to physiological stress (orthostasis) in children suffering from ADHD. Twenty boys with ADHD and 20 healthy age-matched boys at the age of 8 to 12 years were examined. The continuous ECG was recorded in a supine position and during postural change from lying to standing (orthostasis). Time irreversibility indices – Porta’s (P%), Guzik’s (G%) and Ehlers’ (E) – were evaluated. Our analysis showed significantly reduced heart rate asymmetry indices at rest (P%: 49.8 % vs. 52.2 %; G%: 50.2 % vs. 53.2 %; p<0.02), and in response to orthostatic load (P%: 52.4 % vs. 54.5 %, G%: 52.3 % vs. 54.5 %; p<0.05) associated with tachycardia in ADHD children compared to controls. Concluding, our study firstly revealed the altered heart rate asymmetry pattern in children suffering from ADHD at rest as well as in response to posture change from lying to standing (orthostasis). These findings might reflect an abnormal complex cardiac regulatory system as a potential mechanism leading to later cardiac adverse outcomes in ADHD.
Central Pulse Pressure and Variability in Matrix Metalloproteinases Genes and Their Inhibitors in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: VAŠKŮ A. , BIENERTOVÁ-VAŠKŮ J. , PAŘENICA J. , PÁVKOVÁ GOLDBERGOVÁ M. , NOVÁK J. , CHMELÍKOVÁ M. , HONSOVÁ D. , LIPKOVA J. , KALA P. , SPINAR J.
Published: September 2020

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as their inhibitors (TIMPs) play a crucial role in controlling extracellular matrix turnover and have recently been associated with atherosclerosis, myocardial and vascular injury. Moreover, the genetic variability of MMP genes has been suggested to play an important role in vascular remodeling and age-related arterial stiffening. This study aims to describe associations of 14 selected polymorphisms in genes for MMPs and TIMPs with selected cardiovascular parameters (including central pulse pressure), clinical conditions and drug treatment profiles in 411 stable ischemic patients with preserved systolic function of the left ventricle. The genotyping of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 8 genes was carried out either using 5′ exonuclease (TaqMan®) reagents or by restriction analysis. Numerous associations of the investigated polymorphisms with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximum left ventricular end diastolic pressure and ejection fraction were observed. While some of the observed effects were found to be age-dependent, associations with clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris) were only observed in women and associations with four groups of drugs (statins, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, anti-aggregation drugs) were only observed in men. The results of this study indicate that the genetic variability of MMPs and TIMPs is an important factor which influences cardiovascular functions and may have important consequences for individual therapy customization in the future.
Exposure to Methamphetamine During First and Second Half of Prenatal Period and Its Consequences on Cognition After Long-Term Application in Adulthood
Authors: HREBÍČKOVÁ I. , MALINOVÁ-ŠEVČÍKOVÁ M. , MACÚCHOVÁ E. , NOHEJLOVÁ K. , ŠLAMBEROVÁ R.
Published: September 2020

It is known that psychostimulants including methamphetamine (MA) have neurotoxic effect, especially, if they are targeting CNS during its critical periods of development. The present study was aimed on evaluation of cognitive changes following scheduled prenatal MA exposure in combination with long-term exposure in adulthood of male rats. Two periods of gestation were targeted: 1st half – the embryonic day (ED) 1-11 and 2nd half – ED 12-22. Rat mothers received subcutaneously a daily injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (SAL, 1 ml/kg) throughout scheduled periods. Male offspring were tested for cognitive changes in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) in adulthood. Each day of the experiment animals received an injection of MA (1 mg/kg) or SAL (1 ml/kg) during 12 days. Our results demonstrated that in the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 1-11, neither prenatal MA exposure, nor adult MA treatment changed the performance in the MWM test. Only the velocity was increased in group with long-term MA treatment (SAL/MA and MA/MA). In the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 12-22, rats exposed to MA prenatally and also in adulthood (MA/MA) swam faster but learned the position of the platform slower in the Place Navigation Test than animals exposed to SAL in adulthood (MA/SAL). In the Probe Test, MA/SAL had decreased velocity and swam shorter distance than MA/MA or SAL/SAL rats suggesting increased floating of these animals. In the Memory Retention Test, SAL/MA rats swam shorter distance than SAL/SAL or MA/MA animals suggesting changes in used strategies in memory recall. As conclusion, our results suggest differences in the effect of combination of prenatal and adult exposure to MA. These effects further depend on the stage of CNS development and schedule of MA exposure affecting intrauterine development in male rats.
The Vibration Plethysmographic Method of Arterial Compliance Analysis in Dependence on Transmural Pressure
Authors: MOUDR J. , SVAČINOVÁ J. , ZÁVODNÁ E. , HONZÍKOVÁ N.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed analysis of the relationship between the finger arterial compliance C [ml/mm Hg] and the arterial transmural pressure Pt [mm Hg]. We constructed a dynamic plethysmograph enabling us to set up a constant pressure Pcss [mm Hg] and a superimposed fast pressure vibration in the finger cuff (equipped with a source of infra-red light and a photoelectric sensor for the measurement of arterial volume). Pcss could be set on the required time interval in steps ranging between 30 and 170 mm Hg, and on sinusoidal pressure oscillation with an amplitude Pca (2 mm Hg) and a frequency f (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Hz). At the same time continuous blood pressure BP was measured on the adjacent finger (Portapres). We described the volume dependence of a unitary arterial length on the time-varying transmural pressure acting on the arterial wall (externally Pcss+Pca.sin(2πf), internally BP) by a second-order differential equation for volume. This equation was linearized within a small range of selected BP. In the next step, a Fourier transform was applied to obtain the frequency characteristic in analytic form of a complex linear combination of frequency functions. While series of oscillations [Pca, f] were applied for each Pcss, the corresponding response of the plethysmogram was measured. Amplitude spectra were obtained to estimate coefficients of the frequency characteristic by regression analysis. We determined the absolute value: elastance E, and its inverse value: compliance (C=1/E). Then, C=C(Pt) was acquired by applying sequences of oscillations for different Pcss (and thus Pt) by the above-described procedure. This methodology will be used for the study of finger arterial compliance in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Protecting Students' Civil Rights: The Federal Role in School Discipline
Authors: Cardichon Jessica , Darling-Hammond Linda
Published: September 2020

This article takes a careful look at political and policy tools that presidential administrations have at their disposal for ameliorating educational inequalities. These tools, the authors suggest, include issuing federal guidance that informs and supports states and districts as they work to implement policies and practices that comply with federal law. However, as the authors point out, the extent to which administrations have chosen to leverage these opportunities to advance educational equity has varied over time.
Greening the Belt While Paving the Road? China’s Environmental Diplomacy Challenge
Authors: Jackson Steven
Published: September 2020

The rise of China and the pollution in China have been two intertwined images of the 21st century. One of the challenges that China’s foreign policy faces in the 21st century revolves around its leadership in global and regional environmental initiatives. The policy shift on climate change at the 2016 Paris Climate Summit and the personal negotiations of Presidents Xi Jinping and Barack Obama showed a willingness to work cooperatively with the United States on achieving global goals toward limiting climate change. For China, the abrupt announcement of the Trump Administration that it is leaving the Paris Accord is an opportunity to assume a leadership role in climate policy. Seizing this opportunity, however, must also deal with China’s major program – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
In Search of Behavior Change: Cognitive Restructuring Techniques for Increasing Self Efficacy in Older Adults and Physical Activity
Authors: Larsen Keri Diez , Gibson Alice B
Published: September 2020

The ability of health educators, exercise specialists and other health-related professionals to foster participation in physical activity in older adults has been a challenge for many years. Many health professionals have endeavored to develop programs to encourage behavior change in this population, without much success. Most of the programs have avoided the issue of self-efficacy. The purpose of this review is to examine the use of cognitive restructuring as a psycho-educational intervention for behavior change. This review defines physical activity and exercise, the benefits of physical activity and exercise for older adults, the psychological benefits, the recommended levels of physical activity and exercise for older adults and the current level of physical activity trends and exercise for older adults. It also presents an overview of several behavior change theories along with a detailed review of the selected change theory, Social Cognitive Theory. Finally, factors affecting development of an intervention designed to result in behavior change in regard to physical activity/exercise will be reviewed. Physical activity has been shown to be advantageous to individuals, regardless of their particular stage in life [1]. More specifically, exercise has been shown to have positive effects on the health of individuals from childhood through individuals in their 80's and beyond [1]. In fact, research indicates that there is no defined age at which individuals stop receiving health benefits from exercise or physical activity [1,2].In contrast, physical inactivity is one of the major health risks for people of all ages [2]. Moreover, physical inactivity has been selected as the leading health indicator in the Healthy People 2020, which is a set of federal health objectives for the nation to achieve over the first decade of the new century. This program reflects the commitment of the federal government to promoting the health of the U.S. population. The most recent plan has two goals for Americans through the year 2020: increasing the quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities.