bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Process in the Interpretation of South American Myth: The Arawak Dog Spirit People
Authors: DRUMMOND LEE
Published: November 2004

Recent work on oral narrative has emphasized differences in textual and performative approaches, which in turn has tended to widen the distinction between two fundamental categories of anthropological thought: structure and process. This paper argues that, at least for the interpretation of South American myth, an integrated approach is essential. After reviewing the epistemological basis of current problems in myth studies, the paper attempts a structural analysis of myths with the theme of a metamorphic conjugal union between human and nonhuman. Processual considerations are introduced in the form of syncretic myth, and the argument is advanced that there exist syncretic transformations of a structural nature. Identifying these provides the beginnings of a bridge between structure and process, and leads to an examination of the performative context of the subject myth. Other narrative genres, dealing with explicitly ethnic concepts, are implicated in the processual sequence of the telling and interpretation of the tale. The attempted synthesis of structure and process in narrative analysis leads to an engagement with two difficult problems: the relationship between ethnicity and kinship; and the transition from myth to history. [myth, structure, process, ethnicity, kinship]
Audiovisual Reviews
Authors: Stephenson Robert L.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Slides: The Battle of the Little Bighorn
Urban Folk Medicine: A Functional Overview
Authors: Press Irwin
Published: November 2004

Social and economic functions of folk illness and folk medicine are fairly well known for rural contexts but still lack codification for urban milieus. In this exploratory paper, folk health practices are examined in terms of their response to urban socioeconomic characteristics. Such practices appear to serve functions of acculturation, guilt displacement resulting from failure to achieve, and subgroup identity maintenance, among others. Folk practices are resilient, readily shifting to adjunct functions of healing under pressure from effective modern medical and welfare systems. [medical anthropology, urban anthropology, curanderismo, ethnology, health]
You Can't Do Nothing
Authors: Bohannan Paul
Published: November 2004

Unless we can think right down to the reaches of mankind's long past and into the future in which the earth is only one part of a known and explored solar system, and in which mankind's problems will become extraordinarily different, we shall not be what we want to be: anthropologists, whatever our area, whatever our specialty, whatever our subdivision.
Clients, Contracts, and Profits: Conflicts in Public Archaeology
Authors: Raab L. Mark , Schiffer Michael B. , Klinger Timothy C. , Goodyear Albert C.
Published: November 2004

The client‐oriented approach to contract archaeology is a technical service rather than genuine scientific research. Such an approach fails to meet the requirements of the law, fails to satisfy the needs of archaeological science, and frequently fails to protect the client's interests. A client orientation encourages an excessive emphasis on profits from contract work. Profits not only exclude a balance of archaeological, client, and public interests but threaten the scientific future of contract work. Solutions to the problem of client‐oriented work include better academic training as researchers, support for government archaeologists, a strong professional consensus on ethical and performance standards, and attention to public interests. [contract archaeology, client‐oriented archaeology, research profits, research obligations, professionalism]
Adoption and Kinship in Oceania
Authors: Silk Joan B.
Published: November 2004

The frequency and form of adoption practices in Oceania recently have been cited as evidence that human behavior is inconsistent with predictions derived from sociobiological theory (Sahlins 1976). Ethnographic data reviewed here, however, suggest otherwise. In Oceania kinship is an important factor in the selection and treatment of adopted children as adoption occurs almost exclusively among close relatives. Natal children often ally against their adopted siblings over the division of their common parents' estate while adoptive parents themselves frequently apportion their land unequally among their natal and adopted children. These patterns and other data are consistent with predictions generated by a socio biological model of adoptive decisions. The model illustrates how kinship facilitates adoption as a means of modifying extreme family sizes, and how asymmetries in the degrees of relatedness between parents and their adopted and natal children provide the basis of differential treatment of them. Adoption in Oceania provides an example of a clearly cultural behavior which is consistent with socio biological predictions, and suggests that both culture and biology are relevant to an understanding of human behavior. [sociobiology, kinship, adoption, Oceania]
Modes of Explanation in Anthropological Population Theory: Biological Determinism vs. Self‐Regulation in Studies of Population Growth in Third World Countries
Authors: Nardi Bonnie Anna
Published: November 2004

Anthropological theories of population growth in underdeveloped countries are considered and it is argued that most studies have concentrated exclusively on either deterministic or self‐regulatory factors in population growth without regard to their probable interaction. A research strategy is proposed in which self‐regulatory factors, especially the decision‐making activities of individual parents, provide a primary focus of study but with careful attention to deterministic factors which constrain and influence the decision process. [population, underdevelopment, biology and self‐regulation in population theory]
Distribution Patterns of Tropical Plant Foods as an Evolutionary Stimulus to Primate Mental Development
Authors: MILTON KATHARINE
Published: November 2004

Primates are noted for their mental abilities but the selective basis for such traits has remained obscure. It is hypothesized that the element of predictability associated with the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of plant foods in tropical forests has served to stimulate mental development in primates taking much of their food from the first trophic level. Primates able to remember the locations and phenological patterns of a wide variety of plant foods could move directly to such foods when and where available without wasting time and energy in random search. This would enhance overall foraging success by lowering procurement costs associated with a varied and patchily distributed plant diet. Membership in a cohesive social unit, that utilized the same supplying area over many consecutive generations, would also enhance foraging success by serving to transmit important information about diet to close kin. Data on the foraging behavior of howler and spider monkeys are presented to test certain implications of this hypothesis. Similar selective pressures, but applied to foods from the second trophic level, may have been of critical importance in the mental development of hominids. [primates, evolution, intelligence, plant foods, Aleles, Alouatta]
Cognitive Mapping of a Folk Taxonomy of Mexican Pottery: A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Kaplan Flora S. , Levine David M.
Published: November 2004

A folk taxonomy of cooking pottery from Puebla, Mexico, is derived from potters, according to a method described here. Making no assumptions about the taxonomy, the potters' raw data are subjected to a multivariate analysis. The resulting cognitive mapping reveals an inherent structure that can be interpreted in two dimensions, and attributed to two factors: open/closed pottery types, and multiple/nonmultiple ears. These factors are found to be analogous to important cultural categories in the society, upon which people organize their thinking and behavior. Multivariate analysis manifests the system underlying the folk taxonomy, and provides a check on the ethnographer. [folk taxonomy; multivariate analysis; pottery: Puebla, Mexico]
Exogamy and Change in the Biosocial Structure of a Modern Urban Population
Authors: Leonetti Donna Lockwood , Newell‐Morris Laura
Published: November 2004

Change is traced in the biosocial structure of the Japanese American population of Seattle‐King County, Washington, from that of a deme to a state approaching panmixis with surrounding American populations. Data from 2,767 marriage license applications of Japanese Americans between 1930 and 1975 were used to calculate rates of racial exogamy. Rates rose from prewar levels of less than 1% to over 50% in 1975. The total Japanese American county population was subdivided into a nuclear group, tracing its origins back to the original founding immigrants, and a nonnuclear group which has migrated into the area since World War II. Until 1965, the nonnuclear group consistently led the nuclear group in exogamous marriages. In both groups, females consistently out‐married more frequently than did the males. Further analysis of community exogamy, i.e., nuclear member marriage to a nonnuclear Japanese American, showed that this type of exogamy within the second generation preceded the high rates of racial exogamy characterizing the marriage patterns of the third generation. Familial analysis suggested that the maternal kin ties of nuclear population females continue to influence marriage choice of their offspring. The patterns of increasing racial exogamy for Japanese Americans are examined against their rise in socioeconomic status, [biosocial structure, exogamy, population]
Sex and Dominance
Authors: Handwerker W. Penn , Crosbie Paul V.
Published: November 2004

In an explicit and simultaneous test of alternative sociobiological and sociocultural explanations for the emergence of differential sexual dominance in initially unstructured small groups, the sociobiological explanation is falsified. This paper thus suggests a strategy for rationally evaluating these emotionally charged issues, and discusses problems future studies should confront directly, [sex roles, sociology, methodology, biology and culture]
On Savages and Other Children
Authors: SHWEDER RICHARD A.
Published: November 2004

The Foundation of primitive Though. C. R. Hallpike.
Cultural Pattern and Process: A Study of Stylistic Change in Women's Dress
Authors: Lowe John W. G. , Lowe Elizabeth D.
Published: November 2004

Using time series analysis and systems theory it is possible to translate Kroeber's idea of a cultural configuration and its processual consequences into a less ambiguous model. By employing a mathematical formulation certain features of stylistic change in women's dress become evident: it is stochastic/probabilistic in nature and it is in stable equilibrium. The sequence of women's fashions through time would appear to arise from simultaneous operation of inertia, cultural continuity, a rule system of esthetic proportions, and an inherently unpredictable element.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Gordon Robert J.
Published: November 2004

Urbanization in Papua New Guinea. A Study of Ambivalent Townsmen. Hal B. Levine and Marlene W. Levine.

Urban Housing Policy in Papua New Guinea. Alan Stretton.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Scheffler Harold
Published: November 2004

Australian Aboriginal Social Organization. David H. Turner.

The Affinal Relationship System: A New Approach to Kinship and Marriage among the Australian Aborigines at Port Keats. Aslaug and Johannes Falkenberg.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Nason James
Published: November 2004

Master Mariner: Capt. James Cook and the Peoples of the Pacific. Daniel Connor and Lorraine Miller.

“Artificial Curiosities”: An Exposition of Native Manufactures Collected on the Three Pacific Voyages of Captain James Cook, R.N. Adrienne L. Kaeppler.

Cook Voyage Artifacts in Leningrad, Berne, and Florence Museums. Adrienne L. Kaeppler, ed.
Hunters, Gatherers, and Sex Roles in Space and Time
Authors: Tanner Nancy Makepeace
Published: November 2004

Woman the Gatherer. Frances Dahlberg, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
Film Review
Authors: Lambrecht Winifred
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Becoming American. 1982. Produced by Ken Levine and Ivory Waterworth Levine

The Best Place to Live. 1982. Produced and directed by Peter O'Neill and Ralph Rugoff
Film Reviews
Authors: Counihan Carole M.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Salt and Hypertension.

The Sugar Film.
Film Reviews
Authors: Royce Anya Peterson , Snygg Fran
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Looking for Me. 1970. A film by Norris Brock and Virginia Bartlett, produced by the American Dance Therapy Association

Dance Therapy: The Power of Movement. 1982. A film by Norris Brock produced by the American Dance Therapy Association
An Estimate of Mortality in a Pre‐Columbian Urban Population
Authors: Storey Rebecca
Published: November 2004

The excavation of an apartment compound, Tlajinga 33, of the city of Teotihuacan yielded a representative skeletal sample for a first paleodemographic study of a New World pre‐Columbian urban population. Life‐table analysis revealed a population with high juvenile mortality and a relatively short life span. Comparison with other populations revealed basic similarities in mortality between Teotihuacan and Old World preindustrial cities and differences with other non‐urban North American populations.
Vijayanagara: Authority and Meaning of a South Indian Imperial Capital
Authors: Fritz John M.
Published: November 2004

The meaning of the imperial capital can be understood as a necessary component of the system that constitutes the authority of its rulers. Urban form relates rulers' behavior to principles of order and to the forces that create this order. Architectural and urban morphology at Vijayanagara, the capital of the most important Hindu empire of medieval south India, embodied several meaningful aspects of royal behavior. Here are considered material elements that expressed the kings' activities as warrior and hunter, as promoter of prosperity and redistributor of wealth, and as maintainer of cosmic order. Three aspects of the city—the structure of the urban plan, the organization of movement, and the mythological associations of the site—asserted that the king embodied the power of Ramachandra, the divine hero‐king.
Intracultural Variation in Folk Medical Knowledge: A Comparison Between Curers and Noncurers
Authors: Garro Linda C.
Published: November 2004

This paper investigates variation in folk medical beliefs in a Tarascan community in west‐central Mexico. The data are from a structured interview completed with ten traditional curers and a like‐sized comparison group of noncurers. Three possible patterns of interinformant agreement are described and tested using the quadratic assignment program. The results suggest that although curers and noncurers do differ, the differences are not so great that they represent two variant systems of medical beliefs. Rather, there is a single system of beliefs common to both groups, but with curers showing higher agreement among themselves in expressing this system than noncurers. This finding, and a related one showing higher agreement among older informants, are explained in terms of culture learning. Curers and older people share more knowledge about illness because of their greater experience in both dealing with and communicating about illness. A model of folk medical knowledge is then presented and systematic variation from this model examined.
Sociocultural and Ethnohistorical Influences on Genetic Diversity in Liberia
Authors: Jackson Linda
Published: November 2004

In the Republic of Liberia where falciparum malaria remains highly endemic, four phenotypes reported to provide an innate resistance to malaria are nonuniformly distributed among the country's geographical regions and indigenous ethnic groups. Significant regional variation is observed in the prevalence of sickle cell trait and nonsignificant but ostensible variation is seen in the distributions of beta thalassemia trait, elevated fetal hemoglobin, and intermediate red cell G6PD deficiency. It appears that particular cultural and historical factors may exert important influences on genetic diversity in this area of West Africa. A study of the regional and ethnic variation in these four phenotypes among 961 indigenous children and mothers suggests that the sociocultural variables most likely to increase assortive mating and nonrandom gene flow include (1) membership in the Poro and Sande traditional initiation societies, (2) linguistic affiliation, (3) dietary staple, and (4) religious preference. Ethnohistorical events most likely to explain the origins of this diversity are discussed in light of the population's pre‐Liberian origins, time and direction of major migrations, nature of interethnic hostilities, evidence of assimilation, and enslavement patterns.
The Effectiveness of Shamans in an Indonesian Ritual
Authors: Atkinson Jane Monnig
Published: November 2004

Healing is the ostensible purpose of the mabolong, a shamanic ceremony of the Wana of Sulawesi, Indonesia. But the ritual serves political ends as well by providing an arena for performers to establish and maintain their reputations as shamans. Shamans' attempts to attract and to hold an audience can eclipse their efforts to heal. In light of this dynamic, the ritual's therapeutic potential for patients can be considered only when its symbolic and dramatic appeal for an entire community is understood. The interplay of symbolism, drama, and therapy is examined with special reference to theories of ritual and catharsis proposed by Lévi‐Strauss and T. J. Scheff.
Socio‐Spatial Organization and Decision‐Making Processes: Observations from the Chipewyan
Authors: Jarvenpa Robert , Brumbach Hetty Jo
Published: November 2004

This article is broadly concerned with the spatial or locational principles governing hunter‐gatherer society. Toward this end, the settlement‐community hierarchy of the southern Chipewyan Indians is interpreted as a framework for resolving the conflicting advantages and disadvantages of nucleation and dispersion, for regulating information flow, and for maintaining organizational flexibility and options in decision making. Recent ethnoarcheological research reveals a socio‐spatial organization based on three recurring stages or phases: (1) concentrated summer band, (2) winter staging community, and (3) dispersed winter hunting encampment. Parallels with other Northeastern Athapaskan groups are noted, and the issue of cultural syncretism in socio‐spatial forms is raised.
Household Archeology: Testing Models of Zonal Complementarity in the South Central Andes
Authors: STANISH CHARLES
Published: November 2004

Defining ethnicity in archeological settlements is a major methodological problem in the South Central Andes. In this region, pre‐Hispanic political and economic organization has been understood within the theoretical framework known as zonal complementarity or verticality. Due to a process of direct colonization by independent polities in key ecological zones, these models are characterized by a striking regional ethnic heterogeneity in space and time. The use of the household as an analytical unit is proposed as the most successful means of defining ethnically distinct populations in pre‐Hispanic contexts. This methodology is applied to Late Intermediate period (ca. A.D. 1000–1475) sites in the Osmore Drainage of southern Peru. Two domestic architectural types are defined that are hypothesized to correspond to ethnically distinct groups. Excavation data are analyzed to further differentiate these household types and provide a framework for addressing the dynamics of pre‐Hispanic cultural process in the South Central Andes.
The Origins and Evolution of Culture
Authors: HANDWERKER W. PENN
Published: November 2004

This article outlines a deductive theory that creates a new way to think about the origins and evolution of culture. It is Darwinian in the sense that it posits that novel concepts and behavior, like novel genes, appear randomly and are subject to selection on the basis of specific criteria that are established by the properties of living things. The theory permits us to hypothesize properties of the genome that generate culture and to infer the conditions under which selection would favor the origins of culture. Theoretical deductions lead to the conclusion that the organisms that create culture actively participate in the creation of descendants who exhibit increasing cultural abilities and who generate increases in productivity and more reliable flows of resources. Culture is not something that has evolved solely and relatively recently in the hominid line of evolution. Fossil evidence suggests that culture may have existed at least 50 million years ago, and may have originated more than 200 million years ago.
Film Reviews
Authors: McNaughton Patrick R.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Tree of Iron. 1988. A film by Peter O'Neill, Frank Muhly, Jr., and Peter Schmidt

The Blooms of Banjeli: Technology and Gender in African Ironmaking. 1986. A film by Carlyn Saltman, Candice Goucher, and Eugenia Herbert
The Razor's Edge: Symbolic‐Structuralist Archeology and the Expansion of Archeological Inference
Authors: Watson Patty Jo , Fotiadis Michael
Published: November 2004

In this two‐part article, Watson summarizes and discusses a number of new themes in the literature on archeological theory with critical emphasis on symbolic‐structural approaches. Fotiadis comments by applying a structuralist analysis to Watson's argument.
The Bow and Spreadnet: Ecological Origins of Hunting Technology
Authors: Roscoe Paul B.
Published: November 2004

Mbuti bands in eastern Zaire differ in their hunting use of the spreadnet and the bow, a variation previously attributed to historical contacts with different non‐Mbuti groups, population pressure, and differences in the floral diversity and abundance of the Ituri Forest. None of these factors, however, adequately explains a similar differentiation in the Sepik Basin of Papua New Guinea. Instead, the Sepik data indicate that the net and the bow may spread through historical contact and diffusion, but their adoption or rejection is ultimately determined by a conjunction of their technological properties and the horizontal and vertical densities of environmental vegetation. From this perspective, the essential determinants of Mbuti spreadnet and bow use may be spatial variations in the physiognomy of the Ituri.
Social Organization, Resource Management, and Child Nutrition in the Taita Hills, Kenya
Authors: Fleuret Patrick , Fleuret Anne
Published: November 2004

A comparative and longitudinal ecological analysis is used to explore agricultural sources of variation in child nutritional status in the Taita Hills, Kenya. National policies, formal institutions, the natural environment, and the local‐level social organization of agricultural resource access define the agrarian context within which distinct production strategies emerge. The effects of alternative production choices on child nutrition are neither consistent nor unidimensional, arguing for a rethinking of conventional approaches to food policy decision making.
Distinguished Lecture in Archeology: In Defense of the Seventies—The Adolescence of New Archeology
Authors: Redman Charles L.
Published: November 2004

The core of this article was first presented as the Distinguished Lecture in Archeology at the 88th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 17, 1989, in Washington, D.C.
Claude Lévi‐Strauss Meets Alexander Goldenweiser: Boasian Anthropology and the Study of Totemism
Authors: SHAPIRO WARREN
Published: November 2004

Contrary to some recent overviews of the “Boas school” (e.g., by Marvin Harris and Derek Freeman), Boasian anthropology was far from unified even on a single subject: totemism. Although more recent thought on this subject stems from Lévi‐Strauss, Alexander Goldenweiser's corpus on totemism anticipates Lévi‐Strauss's formulations. This corpus included ideas that altered in the course of Goldenweiser's career, and these alterations were differently received by his “Boasian” contemporaries. It seems likely—though details of the process are unclear—that Goldenweiser's ideas “diffused” to Lévi‐Strauss.
From Spencer to E‐P: Eyewitnessing the Progress of Fieldwork
Authors: Stocking George W.
Published: November 2004

Strangers Abroad Series: Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929), Fieldwork; Franz Boas (1858–1952), The Shackles of Tradition; William Rivers (1864–1922), Everything Is Relatives; Bron‐islaw Malinowski (1884–1942), Off the Verandah; Margaret Mead (1901–1978), Coming of Age; Sir Edward Evans‐Pritchard (1902–1973), Strange Beliefs.
Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism: Perspectives from Northern Mexico
Authors: Hard Robert J. , Merrill William L.
Published: November 2004

A truism in anthropology is that hunters and gatherers are mobile and agriculturalists are sedentary. Factors affecting residential mobility are examined using data from a Rarámuri (Tarahumara) community of residentially mobile agriculturalists in northern Mexico who move among principal residences, growing‐season residences associated with distant fields, winter locations, and a ceremonial center. This case indicates that the unilineal model from mobile hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture must be broadened and that economic factors alone do not totally determine settlement patterns. Explanatory models related to the causes of sedentism are considered.
Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks: Coadaptation on a Rugged Fitness Landscape
Authors: Lansing J. Stephen , Kremer James N.
Published: November 2004

For over a thousand years, generations of Balinese farmers have gradually transformed the landscape of their island, clearing forests, digging irrigation canals, and terracing hillsides to enable themselves and their descendants to grow irrigated rice. Paralleling the physical system of terraces and irrigation works, the Balinese have also constructed intricate networks of shrines and temples dedicated to agricultural deities. Ecological modeling shows that water temple networks can have macroscopic effects on the topography of the adaptive landscape, and may be representative of a class of complex adaptive systems that have evolved to manage agroecosystems.
Blessings of the Virgin in Capitalist Society: The Transformation of a Rural Bolivian Fiesta
Authors: Crandon‐Malamud Libbet
Published: November 2004

A 40‐year scrutiny of the Virgin's fiesta in a highland Bolivian town reveals it to have come under recent control of individuals who have migrated to the national capital, La Paz, and to have flourished and expanded during economic crisis. Viewing the fiesta as a mechanism contributing to rural social stratification, this analysis reveals a new, fiesta‐limited compadrazgo; it emerged from the fragmentation of social class, permitting urban migrants to funnel resources, not from the town to the city, but from the city to the city through the town, cushioning the urban residents against a chronically collapsing economy. Viewed from the town, this transformation is best understood as a product of the failure of a formal capitalism to develop in the postrevolutionary landscape in the periphery of the national economy. From the city, however, the same transformation may be considered a successful capitalist metamorphosis of the compadrazgo institution that once served to cross the barriers of social class. What defines the Virgin's fiesta today is its setting in a community that relies less on subsistence agriculture than on an opportunistic occupational multiplicity. Expanding the analysis over a century reveals this fiesta transformation to be one of two, both linked to major social upheavals on the Bolivian altiplano. The first led to the rise of the town as a major regional center, the second to its collapse.
Somalia and the Dissolution of the Nation‐State 818–824
Authors: Simons Anna
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists appear less interested in examining the dissolution of the nation‐state than other social scientists. This is curious. Theoretically we may already possess tools for understanding conditions of dissolution. More significantly, we often are inadvertently caught within such situations. The ongoing dissolution of nation‐states such as Somalia should thus raise questions about structure, perspective, and the role of anthropologists.
Shifting Narratives and Mutable Meanings
Authors: Aufderheide Patricia
Published: November 2004

In and Out of Africa. 1993. 59 minutes, color. A film by Ilisa Barbash and Lucien Taylor. For information contact University of California Extension Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, 510–642–0460.
An Addictive Commodity
Authors: Mintz Sidney W.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Tobacco in History: The Cultures of Dependence. Jordan Goodman. New York: Routledge, 1993. 280 pp.
Engaging History: Historical Ethnography and Ethnology
Authors: Marshall Mac
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

The Ngatik Massacre: History and Identity on a Micronesian Atoll. Lin Poyer. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. 298 pp. Early Observations of Marquesan Culture, 1595–1813. Edwin N. Ferdon. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. 184 pp.
Hegemony and Voice in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bolyanatz Alexander H.
Published: November 2004

Constructing Inequality: The Fabrication of a Hierarchy of Virtue Among the Etoro. Raymond C. Kelly.

Voices of Conflict. Andrew Strathern.
A Historical Archaeology of Capitalism
Authors: LEONE MARK P.
Published: November 2004

Practitioners of historical archaeology can define the impact of ideology (as in Althusser) and disciplines of the self (as in Foucault), thus contributing to the study of capitalism in local historical situations. In describing the origins of modern conditions of exploitation, archaeologists can help to educate those exploited. In the Chesapeake region, historical archaeology has been used to create a more direct tie with the present than is usually the case, a tie that may serve to redistribute the power to interpret the past.
Life Course Perspectives on Women's Autonomy and Health Outcomes
Authors: GUPTA MONICA DAS
Published: November 2004

Gender inequality leads to negative demographic consequences in many societies. Patterns of household formation and inheritance strongly influence these consequences. Peasant societies of preindustrial northern Europe emphasized the conjugal bond, while intergenerational bonds were weak. The reverse is true in contemporary northern India. As a result, greater potential exists there for marginalizing women. The convergence of low autonomy due to youth as well as gender means that women's autonomy is at its lowest point during the peak of childbearing years. This has considerable implications for demographic and health outcomes in terms of poorer child survival, slower fertility decline, and poorer reproductive health.
Exhibit Review Essay
Authors: Vackimes Sophia
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Science in American Life. Arthur Molella, curator. Permanent exhibit at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, opened April 1994.
In Search of the Barbarians: Borders in Pain
Authors: Seremetakis C. Nadia
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTS

Mobile populations of Albanians have made the Greek borders the site where identity is played out and defined. At the same time, media panic stories about disease crossing Greek frontiers point to the borders as infection: they leak not only people but contamination. Yet these borders are bidirectional, and create risks for the Albanians as well. Their continued migrations in the face of risk point to the borders as process. These are borders in pain, borders that ache and leak.
Taking Action in Education
Authors: Emihovich Catherine
Published: November 2004

Power and Contradiction in First Nations Adult Education. Celia Haig‐Brown

Critical Theory and Education Research. Peter L. McLaren and James M. Giarelli
Post‐Melting‐Pot Realism
Authors: Kearney Michael
Published: November 2004

Neoliberalism, Transnationalization and Rural Poverty: A Case Study of Michoacán Mexico. John Gledhill. Boulder

American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins. Sarah Mahler. Princeton
Torture, Television, and Iranian Culture
Authors: Beeman William O.
Published: November 2004

The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles. Hamid Naficy

Torture and Modernity: Self, Society and State in Modern Iran. Darius M. Rejali
Manipulating Meaning in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mines Mattison
Published: November 2004

Exploring Confrontation: Sri Lanka: Politics, Culture and History. Michael Roberts

“Who Is He, What Is He Doing”: Religious Rhetoric and Performances in Sri Lanka during R. Premadasa's Presidency (1989‐1993).
Traditions of Subversion and the Subversion of Tradition: Cultural Criticism in Maidu Clown Performances
Authors: Brightman Robert
Published: November 2004

Reflecting changing disciplinary orientation, recent perspectives on non‐Western ritual clowns have rejected earlier functionalist interpretations and foregrounded themes of criticism, deconstruction, and subversion. In this essay, I interpret a ritual clown performance formerly practiced by the Northwestern Maidu of California both as an objectification, by way of symbolic inversion, of valorized cultural forms and as a metasociological discourse on the relationship between egoistic dispositions and normative disciplinary constraints. The interpretation suggests that functional and subversive meanings and effects are fusional rather than opposing elements in such performances and that the Maidu clown is best understood in relation to quotidien modes of deviance and to the diverse social locations represented in his audience, [clowns, inversionary ritual, Native North America, transgression, cultural criticism]
Museums and Archaeology in West Africa.
Authors: Nevadomsky Joseph
Published: November 2004

Museums and Archaeology in West Africa. Claude Daniel Ardouin. ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.178 pp.
Carved from the Heart.
Authors: Culhane Dara
Published: November 2004

Carved from the Heart. 1997. 30 minutes, color. VHS. film by Ellen Frankenstein and Louise Brady. For more information, contact New Day Films, 22D Hollywood Avenue, Hohokus, NJ 07423. 201/652‐6590 or 888/367‐9154. Fax 201/652‐/973. Email: orders@newday.com, website: http://www.newday.com
Future Remembrance: Photography and Image Arts in Ghana.
Authors: Gilbert Michelle
Published: November 2004

Future Remembrance: Photography and Image Arts in Ghana. 1998. 54 minutes, color. video by Tobias Wendel and Nancy du Plessis. For more information contact Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02171.
The Liberationist Catholic Church in Brazil
Authors: Burdick John
Published: November 2004

Promised Land: Base Christian Communities and the Struggle for the Amazon. Madeleine Cousineau Adriance. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 202 pp.

Women, Religion, and Social Change in Brazil's Popular Church. Carol Ann Drogus. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997. 226 pp.

Claiming the Virgin: The Broken Promise of Liberation Theology in Brazil. Robin Nagle. New York: Routledge, 1997. 224 pp.

The Brazilian Popular Church and the Crisis of Modernity. Manuel A. Vasquez. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 302 pp.
Negotiating a Multicultural Canon: Finding the "Indian" in American Indian Law
Authors: Cook Samuel R.
Published: November 2004

The Encyclopedia of Native American Legal Tradition. Bruce Elliot Johansen. ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. 410 pp.

Linking Arms Together: American Indian Treaty Visions of Law and Peace, 1600‐1800. Robert A. Williams Jr. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 192 pp.
Archaeologica Peruana: Prehispanic Architecture and Civilization in the Andes.
Authors: Moore Jerry
Published: November 2004

Archaeologica Peruana: Prehispanic Architecture and Civilization in the Andes. Elisabeth Bonnier and Henning Bischof. eds. Mannheim, Germany: Reiss‐Museum, 1997. 236 pp.
Gender in Archaeology: Analyzing Power and Prestige.
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A.
Published: November 2004

Gender in Archaeology: Analyzing Power and Prestige. Sarah Milledge Nelson. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1997. 240 pp.
Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950.
Authors: Gold Ann Grodzins
Published: November 2004

Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among. Central Indian Community, 1780‐1950. Saurabh Dube. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998. 308 pp.
Portrait of a Greek Imagination: An Ethnographic Biography of Andreas Nenedakis.
Authors: Faubion James D.
Published: November 2004

Portrait of. Greek Imagination: An Ethnographic Biography of Andreas Nenedakis. Michael Herzfeld. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 333 pp.
Arab Society: Class, Gender, Power, and Development
Authors: Lobban Richard
Published: November 2004

Arab Society: Class, Gender, Power, and Development. Nicholas S. Hopkins and Saad Eddin Ibrahim. eds. New York; Columbia University Press, 1997. 584 pp.
The Ojibwa Woman.; Southern Ute Women: Autonomy and Assimilation on the Reservation, 1887–1934.; Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700–1835.
Authors: Bragdon Kathleen
Published: November 2004

The Ojibwa Woman. Ruth Landes. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. 248 pp.

Southern Ute Women: Autonomy and Assimilation on the Reservation, 1887‐1934. Katherine M. B. Osburn. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998. 165 pp.

Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700‐1835. Theda Perdue. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. 252 pp.
Women and Bullfighting: Gender, Sex and the Consumption of Tradition.
Authors: Urla Jacqueline
Published: November 2004

Women and Bullfighting: Gender, Sex and the Consumption of Tradition. Sarah Pink. Oxford and New York: Berg Publishers, 1997. 234 pp.
Rural Settlement Structure and African Development.
Authors: Holl Augustin
Published: November 2004

Rural Settlement Structure and African Development. Marilyn Silberfein. ed. Dunmore, PA: Harper Collins, 1998. 338 pp.
Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: Hakkas, Pengmin, and Their Neighbors.
Authors: Oxfeld Ellen
Published: November 2004

Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: Hakkas, Pengmin, and Their Neighbors. Tim Wright. ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997. 234 pp.
Global Diasporas: An Introduction.
Authors: Markowitz Fran
Published: November 2004

Global Diasporas: An Introduction. Robin Cohen. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. 228 pp.
Public Memory and the Search for Power in American Historical Archaeology
Authors: Shackel Paul A.
Published: November 2004

How Americans remember the past is often reinforced by landscapes, monuments, commemorative ceremonies, and archaeology. These features and activities often help to create an official public memory that becomes part of a group's heritage. I suggest that public memory can be established by (1) forgetting about or excluding an alternative past, (2) creating and reinforcing patriotism, and/or (3) developing a sense of nostalgia to legitimize a particular heritage. These categories are not mutually exclusive, and the lines that separate these categories may not always be well defined. I show how post–Civil War American landscapes, monuments, and commemorative activities helped to reinforce racist attitudes in the United States that became part of the official memory. African Americans have struggled to revise the official memory of the Civil War, although the power to change this memory has been situational and not always successful, [commemoration, memory, material culture, historical archaeology, landscapes]
Building the New Zion: Unfinished Conversations between the Jews of Venta Prieta, Mexico, and Their Neighbors to the North
Authors: Loewe Ronald B. , Hoffman Helene
Published: November 2004

In 1950, Raphael Patai published his research on Venta Prieta, a Mexican town in which some residents lived as Jews despite having little knowledge of Judaism. Like other visitors, Patai was perplexed. Why did they wish to live as Jews? While Patai never answered this question to his satisfaction, he believed the answer would be found by developing a psychological profile of the residents, an approach in keeping with culture and personality theorists of the day. The present article provides a different solution. Drawing on additional sources, and short visits, we argue that Venta Prieta was not only a stop on the Jewish tourist circuit by 1950 but also developed out of a unique exchange. While U.S. Jews, as evangelical Protestants before them, provided a model for upwardly mobile Mexicans, Venta Prieta enabled middle‐class tourists to experience Judaism in a pastoral setting and to "repair the world" (tikkun). [Keywords: Judaism, tourism, dialogical anthropology, social change, social mobility]
Visual Anthropology: Reviews
Authors: Wortham Erica Cusi
Published: November 2004

Democracia Indígena. 1999. 35 minutes, color. video by Bruce "Pacho" Lane. Ethnoscope Film and Video, http://www.docfilm.com.
World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation, 3000 B.C.–A.D. 2000.
Authors: Bodley John H.
Published: November 2004

World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation, 3000 B.C.–A.D. 2000. Sing C. Chew. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2001. 217 pp.
Soul Citizenship: The Black Hebrews and the State of Israel
Authors: Markowitz Fran , Helman Sara , Shir‐Vertesh Dafna
Published: November 2004

Based on the experiences of the Black Hebrews in Israel, this article introduces "soul citizenship," an alternate discourse that asserts the right of individuals and groups to match their self–defined identities with existing states. After years of living in the Jewish State as an illegal yet tolerated presence, the African Hebrew Israelite Community (AHIC) gained temporary residence status, or according to the postnational model of membership, de facto citizenship. Nonetheless, having reformulated their claims in terms of Jewish cultural pluralism instead of race, the Black Hebrews continue to demand full Israeli citizenship. Rejecting postnational splits among identity, legal status, and territory, their soulful claims suggest a model of citizenship that opens new space for misplaced peopled) to gain membership in the states that meet their cultural aspirations and nourish their souls. [Keywords: citizenship, Black Hebrews, Israel, diasporas]
Poststructuralism as a Historical Condition
Authors: Boone Catherine
Published: November 2004

Contested Terrains and Constructed Categories: Contemporary Africa in Focus. George Clement Bond and Nigel C. Gibson. eds. Boulder: Westview Press, 2002. 474 pp.

Intervention and Transnationalism in Africa. Thomas Callaghy. Ronald Kassimir. and Robert Latham. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 322 pp.

Postcolonial Subjectivities in Africa. Richard Werbner. ed. New York: Palgrave, 2002. 244 pp.
Native American Representations: First Encounters, Distorted Images, and Literary Appropriations.; Native American Literature: Boundaries & Sovereignties.
Authors: Ridington Robin
Published: November 2004

Native American Representations: First Encounters, Distorted Images, and Literary Appropriations. Gretchen Bataille. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. 252 pp.

Native American Literature: Boundaries & Sovereignties. Kathryn W. Shanley. ed. Vashon Island, WA: Paradoxa, 2002. 312 pp.
The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider.; Filiation and Affiliation.
Authors: Shapiro Warren
Published: November 2004

The Cultural Analysis of Kinship: The Legacy of David M. Schneider. Richard Feinberg and Martin Ottenheimer. eds. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2001. 235 pp.

Filiation and Affiliation. Harold W. Scheffler. Cambridge: Westview Press, 2001. 202 pp.
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1.; The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2.
Authors: Feinman Gary M.
Published: November 2004

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 571 pp.

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 455 pp.
Four Hills of Life: Northern Arapaho Knowledge and Life Movement.
Authors: Kuhlmann Annette
Published: November 2004

Four Hills of Life: Northern Arapaho Knowledge and Life Movement. Jeffrey D. Anderson. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. 343 pp.
Full Circles, Overlapping Lives: Culture and Generation in Transition.
Authors: Dominguez Virginia R.
Published: November 2004

Full Circles, Overlapping Lives: Culture and Generation in Transition. Mary Catherine Bateson. New York: Ballantine Books, 2000. 263 pp.
Ritual Sacrifice in Ancient Peru.
Authors: Buikstra Jane E.
Published: November 2004

Ritual Sacrifice in Ancient Peru. Elizabeth P. Benson and Anita G. Cook. eds. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. 211pp.
Routes to Child Language: Evolutionary and Developmental Precursors.
Authors: Wade William D.
Published: November 2004

Routes to Child Language: Evolutionary and Developmental Precursors. Joanna Blake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 278 pp.
El Niño in History: Storming through the Ages.
Authors: Vedwan Neeraj , Broad Kenneth
Published: November 2004

El Niño in History: Storming through the Ages. Cesar N. Caviedes. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. 279 pp.
Forget Colonialism? Sacrifice and the Art of Memory in Madagascar.
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: November 2004

Forget Colonialism? Sacrifice and the Art of Memory in Madagascar. Jennifer Cole. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 357 pp.
Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies.
Authors: Wilce James M.
Published: November 2004

Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies. Linda H. Connor and Geoffrey Samuel. eds. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. 296 pp.
Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives.
Authors: Doughty Paul L.
Published: November 2004

Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives. Jane K. Cowan. Marie‐Bénédicte Dembour. and Richard A. Wilson. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 258 pp.
Calling the Station Home: Place and Identity in New Zealand's High Country.
Authors: Trigger David S.
Published: November 2004

Calling the Station Home: Place and Identity in New Zealand's High Country. Michele D. Dominy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001. 299 pp.
Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence.
Authors: Croissant Jennifer
Published: November 2004

Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence. Diana E. Forsythe. ed., with an introduction by David J. Hess. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 240 pp.
Feminine Matters: Women's Religious Practices in a Portuguese Town.
Authors: Cole Sally
Published: November 2004

Feminine Matters: Women's Religious Practices in. Portuguese Town. Lena Gemzöe. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000. 273 pp.
The Anthropology of Economy: Community, Market, and Culture.
Authors: Russell Susan D.
Published: November 2004

The Anthropology of Economy: Community, Market, and Culture. Stephen Gudeman. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.189 pp.
Cultural Encounters: Representing "Otherness."
Authors: Langford Jean M.
Published: November 2004

Cultural Encounters: Representing "Otherness." Elizabeth Hallam and Brian V. Street. eds. New York: Routledge, 2000. 292 pp.