bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Buteyko Breathing Technique on Anxiety, Depression, and Self-efficacy in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients: A Protocol for Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jain Moli , Vardhan Vishnu , Yadav Vaishnavi , Harjpal Pallavi
Published: November 2021

Background: Annually, more than a lakh CABG procedure is performed in India aiming to restore blood circulation to heart muscles. But psychological factors like anxiety and depression among such patients pre and post-operatively are often overlooked.

Our study aims to incorporate rehabilitation for psychological factors along with Cardiac rehabilitation using the Buteyko breathing technique among such population.

Methods: Total 44 Post CABG patients after enrolment in the study will be divided into 2 groups to evaluate anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy, Conventional group (n=22) which receive in-hospital Cardiac rehabilitation for 2 weeks whereas the other group, the Experimental group (n=22) will receive In-hospital Cardiac rehabilitation along with Buteyko Breathing training.

Discussion: Anchoring rehabilitation for psychological consequences in patients with CABG surgery will play a major role in fostering recovery, decrease the cost of Medicare and ameliorate symptoms. This will pave a path to incorporate the Buteyko breathing technique along with Cardiac rehabilitation as a holistic approach for CABG patients.
Indonesian Stock’s Influencer Phenomenon: Did Financial Literacy on Millennial Age Reduce Herding Behavior?
Authors: Chairunnisa Ananda , Dalimunthe Zuliani
Published: November 2021

In Indonesia's capital market, there was a phenomenon that famous influencers seem to lead to behavioral bias in the stock market. The stock price changed significantly after those stock influencers shared information or recommended certain stocks. This research examined how the stock influencer's credibility affected investors' investment in recommended stock. We collected data from 132 individual investors who participated in the research. We used a questionnaire with a 5-Likert scale. The result showed that an influencer's credibility had a significant influence on investors' herding behavior. However, there was no significant evidence that financial literacy matters in that relationship. Interestingly, we found there was no significant difference in herding behavior between millennial and non-millennial investors.
Skepticism, cynicism, and cognitive style predictors of the generality of unsubstantiated belief
Authors: Bensley D. Alan , Watkins Cody , Lilienfeld Scott O. , Masciocchi Christopher , Murtagh Michael P. , Rowan Krystal
Published: November 2021

In three samples (Ns = 286, 304, and 273), we found that endorsement of conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and psychological misconceptions were all positively intercorrelated, supporting an individual difference in the tendency to generally endorse unsubstantiated claims. Multiple regression analyses further supported generality, showing that intuitive cognitive style positively predicted all three types of unsubstantiated beliefs in all samples, except conspiracy theory belief in the third sample, while rational‐analytic cognitive style was a less consistent predictor. Unexpectedly, in all samples, a new measure of cynicism was a significant, positive predictor of all three unsubstantiated beliefs (not only conspiracy theory belief as predicted). Although general skeptical attitude did not predict any unsubstantiated belief measure, a new measure of scientific skepticism negatively predicted both paranormal and conspiracy theory belief. Discussion centers on whether cynicism and scientific skepticism should be added to dual‐process accounts of the tendency to generally accept unsubstantiated claims.
Telehealth faulted for missing signs of drug misuse/SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2021

Signs of drug misuse and substance use disorders (SUDs) are missed due to telehealth, according to many physicians surveyed about telehealth during COVID‐19 by Quest Diagnostics, a company that conducts drug testing and provides other laboratory services to clinicians. There are potentially far‐reaching consequences for patients at risk, according to the survey report, released last week.
Prenatal cannabis use increased during the pandemic
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2021

Pregnant women have reported using cannabis to relieve stress and anxiety, and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the stress and prenatal cannabis use increased, according to a recent research letter published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Random Field Modeling of Microstructure in Unidirectional Fiber‐Reinforced Plastic Using SEM‐Image and Image Processing for Multiscale Stochastic Stress Analysis Considering Random Fiber Arrangements
Authors: Arai Yuki , Fukuda Keitaro , Sakata Sei-ichiro
Published: November 2021

Herein, an image‐processing‐based random field modeling of microstructure in an actual specimen of a unidirectional fiber‐reinforced composite material and multiscale stochastic stress analysis with considering a random fiber arrangement having the random field identified from an actual specimen is described. Multiscale stochastic stress analysis will be effective for evaluation of uncertainty propagation through the different scales in heterogeneous materials. It will be important when a microscopic randomness has a significant influence on apparent material properties. Some mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials take an influence of the microscopic randomness, and such multiscale stochastic analysis has been attracted. In this article, a random field modeling technique for a digital image of microstructure of a unidirectional fiber‐reinforced plastic (FRP) is presented, and the multiscale stochastic stress analysis with considering a random fiber arrangement in FRP based on the random field model identified by the presented method is attempted. For this purpose, a method for generating a set of realizations according to the identified random field is also developed. From the results, effectiveness of the presented approach is discussed.
Self‐Powered FA0.55MA0.45PbI3 Single‐Crystal Perovskite X‐Ray Detectors with High Sensitivity
Authors: Wu Jinming , Wang Lixiang , Feng Anbo , Yang Shuang , Li Ning , Jiang Xiaomei , Liu Nianqiao , Xie Shengdan , Guo Xinbo , Fang Yanjun , Chen Zhaolai , Yang Deren , Tao Xutang
Published: November 2021

Self‐powered perovskite X‐ray detectors have drawn increasing attention due to the merits of low noise, low power consumption as well as high portability and adaptability. However, the active layer thickness is usually compromised by the small carrier diffusion length, which leads to inefficient X‐ray attenuation and hence low sensitivity of the detectors. Herein, self‐powered and highly sensitive single‐crystal perovskite X‐ray detectors are achieved by finely controlling the crystal thickness and optimizing their carrier transport properties. Perovskite single crystals with thickness of around 800 µm are grown by a two‐step crystal growth process to realize the full attenuation of hard X‐ray with the energy of 80 keV. And the incorporation of formamidinium (FA) (FA = CH(NH2)2+) cation into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) (MA = CH3NH3+) increases the mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product of the single crystals by nearly one order of magnitude, leading to a record X‐ray detection sensitivity of 8.7 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under zero bias. Moreover, the eliminated external bias and reduced trap density weaken the field‐driven ion migration effect, and therefore result in a low detection limit of 27.7 nGy s−1. This work represents an effective way to achieve self‐powered perovskite X‐ray detectors with both high sensitivity and low detection limit.
A Micro‐Environment Regulator for Filling the Clinical Treatment Gap after a Glioblastoma Operation
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , You Haoyu , Wang Yaoben , Chen Qinjun , Guo Qin , Chu Yongchao , Li Chao , Zhou Wenxi , Chen Hongyi , Liu Peixin , Wang Yu , Zhao Zhenhao , Zhou Zheng , Luo Yifan , Li Xuwen , Zhang Tongyu , Song Haolin , Li Chufeng , Su Boyu , Sun Tao , Bi Yunke , Yu Lin , Jiang Chen
Published: November 2021

The rapid postoperative recurrence and short survival time of glioblastoma (GBM) patients necessitate immediate and effective postoperative treatment. Herein, an immediate and mild postoperative local treatment strategy is developed that regulates the postoperative microenvironment and delays GBM recurrence. Briefly, an injectable hydrogel system (imGEL) loaded with Zn(II)2‐AMD3100 (AMD‐Zn) and CpG oligonucleotide nanoparticles (CpG NPs) is injected into the operation cavity, with long‐term function to block the recruitment of microglia/ macrophages and activate cytotoxic T cells. The finding indicated that the imGEL can regulate the immune microenvironment, inhibit GBM recurrence, and gain valuable time for subsequent adjuvant clinical chemotherapy.
Prodrug Polymeric Nanoconjugates Encapsulating Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced X‐Ray Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Nosrati Hamed , Seidi Farzad , Hosseinmirzaei Ali , Mousazadeh Navid , Mohammadi Ali , Ghaffarlou Mohammadreza , Danafar Hossein , Conde João , Sharafi Ali
Published: November 2021

An optimal radiosensitizer with improved tumor retention has an important effect on tumor radiation therapy. Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and drug‐containing, mPEG‐conjugated CUR (mPEG‐CUR), self‐assembled NPs (mPEG‐CUR@Au) are developed and evaluated as a drug carrier and radiosensitizer in a breast cancer mice model. As a result, cancer therapy efficacy is improved significantly by applying all‐in‐one NPs to achieve synchronous chemoradiotherapy, as evidenced by studies evaluating cell viability, proliferation, and ROS production. In vivo anticancer experiments show that the mPEG‐CUR@Au system improves the radiation sensitivity of 4T1 mammary carcinoma and completely abrogates breast cancer.
Evolution from Lead‐Based to Lead‐Free Piezoelectrics: Engineering of Lattices, Domains, Boundaries, and Defects Leading to Giant Response
Authors: Waqar Moaz , Wu Haijun , Chen Jingsheng , Yao Kui , Wang John
Published: November 2021

Piezoelectric materials are known to mankind for more than a century, with numerous advancements made in both scientific understandings and practical applications. In the last two decades, in particular, the research on piezoelectrics has largely been driven by the constantly changing technological demand, and the drive toward a sustainable society. Hence, environmental‐friendly “lead‐free piezoelectrics” have emerged in the anticipation of replacing lead‐based counterparts with at least comparable performance. However, there are still obstacles to be overcome for realizing this objective, while the efforts in this direction already seem to culminate. Therefore, novel structural strategies need to be designed to address these issues and for further breakthrough in this field. Here, various strategies to enhance piezoelectric properties in lead‐free systems with fundamental and historical context, and from atomic to macroscopic scale, are explored. The main challenges currently faced in the transition from lead‐based to lead‐free piezoelectrics are identified and key milestones for future research in this field are suggested. These include: i) decoding the fundamental mechanisms; ii) large temperature‐stable piezoresponse; and iii) fabrication‐friendly and tailorable composition. Strategic insights and general guidelines for the synergistic design of new piezoelectric materials for obtaining a large piezoelectric response are also provided.
Electrolyte Modulators toward Polarization‐Mitigated Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Sustainable Electric Transportation
Authors: Li Xinru , Xu Pengcheng , Tian Yue , Fortini Alexis , Choi Seung Ho , Xu Jinhui , Tan Xinyi , Liu Xiaoyan , Chen Gen , Zhang Chen , Lu Xing , Jin Lihua , Wang Qinchao , Shen Li , Lu Yunfeng
Published: November 2021

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being adopted to replace combustion engine vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change; developing batteries with high energy efficiency and long lifespan, in the context of carbon footprint and cost, are essential to ensure the successful transition. Herein, an electrolyte modulator that can effectively mitigate the polarization of lithium‐ion batteries, leading to dramatically improved energy efficiency and lifespan, is reported. Under a dynamic stress test that mimics the operations of EVs, commercial pouch cells with a low concentration of electrolyte modulator (0.2 wt% of the electrolyte) exhibit enhanced energy efficiency (87.5% vs 80.4% for the first 500 testing cycles) and prolonged lifespan (fourfold improvement based on 70% energy‐output retention). This work provides a simple yet effective strategy toward sustainable electrification of vehicles.
Deep Learning Unlocks X‐ray Microtomography Segmentation of Multiclass Microdamage in Heterogeneous Materials
Authors: Kopp Reed , Joseph Joshua , Ni Xinchen , Roy Nicholas , Wardle Brian L.
Published: November 2021

Four‐dimensional quantitative characterization of heterogeneous materials using in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography can reveal 3D sub‐micrometer features, particularly damage, evolving under load, leading to improved materials. However, dataset size and complexity increasingly require time‐intensive and subjective semi‐automatic segmentations. Here, the first deep learning (DL) convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation of multiclass microscale damage in heterogeneous bulk materials is presented, teaching on advanced aerospace‐grade composite damage using ≈65 000 (trained) human‐segmented tomograms. The trained CNN machine segments complex and sparse (<<1% of volume) composite damage classes to ≈99.99% agreement, unlocking both objectivity and efficiency, with nearly 100% of the human time eliminated, which traditional rule‐based algorithms do not approach. The trained machine is found to perform as well or better than the human due to “machine‐discovered” human segmentation error, with machine improvements manifesting primarily as new damage discovery and segmentation augmentation/extension in artifact‐rich tomograms. Interrogating a high‐level network hyperparametric space on two material configurations, DL is found to be a disruptive approach to quantitative structure–property characterization, enabling high‐throughput knowledge creation (accelerated by two orders of magnitude) via generalizable, ultrahigh‐resolution feature segmentation.
Design of Co Nanoparticles‐Encapsulated by Boron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Niu Wen‐Jun , Sun Qiao‐Qiao , Wang Ya‐Ping , Gu Bing‐Ni , Liu Ming‐Jin , He Jin‐Zhong , Chen Jiang‐Lei , Chung Chia‐Chen , Liu Wen‐Wu , Chueh Yu‐Lun
Published: November 2021

In this paper, for the first time, a rationally designed strategy for synthesis of Co nanoparticles encapsulated by boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon nanosheets (CNs), namely B, N‐Co/CNs, as highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is demonstrated. The generated Co nanoparticles not only create well‐defined heterointerfaces with high conductivity to overcome the poor ORR activity but also promote the formation of robust graphitic carbon. The co‐existence of boron and nitrogen atoms can increase the highest occupied molecular orbital energy of sp2 hybridization, activating π electrons in graphitic CNs, thereby enhancing the activity of the catalyst. The B, N‐Co/CNs exhibit a comparable half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.83 V) to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst (E1/2 = 0.85 V) with a larger current density for ORR. Importantly, the homemade disposable Zn‐air battery (ZAB) is able to deliver excellent performance, including a peak power density of 93.93 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 727.5 mAh g−1, outperforming the Pt/C catalyst. The findings highlight a new guideline for constructing B, N‐Co/CNs catalyst with a rationally designed structure toward superior property for advanced metal‐air cathode materials.
Correlation of Changes in Electronic and Device Properties in Organic Photovoltaic with Exposure to Air
Authors: Yin Yanting , Pan Xun , Andersson Mats R. , Lewis David A. , Andersson Gunther G.
Published: November 2021

In polymer‐based organic photovoltaic cells, the capability of charge extraction/injection of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is demonstrated as interface layer for polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ). The present work determines the dipole formed at the MoO3 and conjugated poly [2,3‐bis (3‐octyloxyphenyl) quinoxaline‐5,8‐diyl‐alt‐thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (TQ1):(6,6)‐Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) bulk heterojunction interface. This dipole has a major influence on the charge transport across the TQ1:PC71BM interface. The formation of the dipole is determined with electron spectroscopy and the depth profiling technique neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy. Metastable induced electron and UV‐photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to determine the enclosed surface coverage of minimum 1.5 nm MoO3 and a maximized dipole strength of 2.4 eV with >2 nm MoO3 deposition on BHJ. It is also demonstrated that the air exposure reduces the dipole at the interface and leads to a decrease in cell performance providing evidence that the dipole formed at the interface is beneficial for the functioning of photovoltaic cells. The results indicate that the reduction in dipole might not be the only mechanism leading to cell performance degradation. The findings of the present work have relevance for other BHJ systems because MoO3 as high work function material is likely to interact with other organic materials in a similar way.
Membrane Fouling: Microscopic Insights into the Effects of Surface Chemistry and Roughness
Authors: Wang Mao , Wang John , Jiang Jianwen
Published: November 2021

Fouling is a major obstacle and challenge in membrane‐based separation processes. Caused by the sophisticated interactions between foulant and membrane surface, fouling strongly depends on membrane surface chemistry and roughness. Current studies in the field have been largely focused on polymer membranes. Herein, a molecular dynamics simulation study is reported for fouling on alumina and graphene membrane surfaces during water treatment. For two foulants (sucralose and bisphenol A), it is found that the fouling on alumina surfaces is reduced with increasing surface roughness; however, the fouling on graphene surfaces is enhanced by roughness. It is unravelled that the foulant–surface interaction becomes weaker in the ridge region of a rough alumina surface, thus allowing foulant to leave the surface and reducing fouling. Nevertheless, such behavior is not observed on a rough graphene surface because of strong foulant–graphene interaction. In addition, with increasing roughness, the hydrogen bonds between water and alumina surface are found to increase in number as well as stability. This simulation study reveals that surface chemistry and roughness play a crucial role in membrane fouling, and the microscopic insights are useful for the design of new membranes toward high‐performance water treatment.
Tailored Fabrication of Carbon Dot Composites with Full‐Color Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence for Multidimensional Encryption
Authors: Ding Yuanfei , Wang Xueliang , Tang Miao , Qiu Huibin
Published: November 2021

Ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly useful for information encryption, organic electronics, bioelectronics, etc. However, the preparation of related metal‐free materials with multiple colors across the full spectrum remains a major challenge. Herein, a facile method is developed to fabricate boron‐doped carbon dot (B‐CD) composites with full‐color long lifetime RTP continuously tailorable in the range of 466–638 nm simply by pyrolysis of the citric acid and boric acid precursors with various mass ratios at different temperatures. This leads to the formation of luminescent B‐CD centers in a rigid polycrystalline B2O3 matrix, which effectively stabilizes the triplet excited states of B‐CDs. Thus, the composites become phosphorescent over a relatively long period (5–12 s) after the removal of the irradiation source. Meanwhile, the increased particle size and oxidation degree of B‐CDs obtained at larger citric acid feeding or higher pyrolysis temperature continuously shift the phosphorescence from blue to red. Due to the formation of multiple luminescence centers, the RTP can also be finely modulated by the excitation wavelength. The resulting B‐CD composites with highly tunable long lifetime RTP further allow a variety of distinctive applications in multidimensional encryption handily utilizing space, time, and color variations.
Enhancing Electromechanical Properties of Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3‐PbZrO3‐PbTiO3 Piezoelectric Ceramics via Templated Grain Growth
Authors: Moriana Alain D. , Zhang Shujun
Published: November 2021

Relaxor‐PbTiO3‐based ternary ferroelectric solid‐solution ceramics with high Curie temperature end members are effective to achieve broader usage temperature range and drive field stability, meanwhile with comparable piezoelectric responses to binary Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT). Templated grain growth is viable alternative to crystal growth that uses templates to induce crystal orientation along a specific direction, thus enhancing the piezoelectric response. In this research, perovskite Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3‐PbZrO3‐PbTiO3 (PSN‐PZ‐PT) system with varying components is developed to determine the morphotropic phase boundary; together with the texturing characteristics, a high piezoelectric response with broad temperature usage range is expected. 37.5PSN‐20PZ‐42.5PT exhibits enhanced piezoelectric d33 of 530 pC N−1 and strain level of 0.20% at 20 kV cm−1, while retaining a high Curie temperature of 309 °C. Of particular interest is that a high piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33, totaling 56 × 10−3 Vm N−1 can be achieved in this composition, leading to a high figure of merit, (d33 × g33)/tan δ, of 5.8 × 10−10 m2 N−1, one order higher than that of PMN‐PT textured counterpart, being potential for energy harvesting and hydrophone applications.
In‐Depth Analysis of One Selector–One Resistor Crossbar Array for Its Writing and Reading Operations for Hardware Neural Network with Finite Wire Resistance
Authors: Kim Jihun , Woo Hyo Cheon , Jeong Taeyoung , Choi Jung-Hae , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: November 2021

This work provides a comprehensive analytical analysis of one‐selector‐one‐resistor (1S1R) crossbar array (CBA) device for hardware neural network (HNN) applications. Simplified analytical device models are prepared from a particular 1S1R device to validate the analysis. The read margin (RM) analysis results show that theV/3 voltage scheme and reduced selector leakage are necessary to maximize the RM and maximum operable sizeNof the CBA, whereNindicates the number of wires (word line or bit line). The write margin (WM) analysis results show that the unwanted switching of the unselected cell during the write operation is unlikely in the 1S1R CBA even with a largeNvalue, despite a voltage drop along the interconnection wire. The analysis of simultaneous multiply‐and‐accumulate operations is conducted using the analytical method to examine the influence of voltage drop according to the wire and memory cells in HNN applications. Reducing the wire resistance and on‐state conductance increases the availableNvalue when the selector operates near the threshold conditions. The proposed analytical model can estimate the maximum accuracy degradation of the HNN through the involvement of the unintentional voltage drop.
First case report of Penttinen syndrome from India
Authors: Aggarwal Bhawana , Correa Alec R. E. , Gupta Neerja , Jana Manisha , Kabra Madhulika
Published: November 2021

Penttinen type of premature aging syndrome is an extremely rare progeroid disorder, caused by activating variants in the receptor tyrosine kinase domain of the PDGFRB gene. Only eight individuals have been previously reported worldwide, with a consistent phenotype of prematurely aged appearance, lipoatrophy, hypertrophic skin lesions, proptosis, malar hypoplasia, and marked acro‐osteolysis. We report the first patient of Penttinen syndrome from India, with novel radiographic findings of terminal phalangeal tufting, thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of Penttinen syndrome.
Throat and voice problems inEhlers–Danlossyndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Birchall Martin A. , Lam Chon Meng , Wood Gary
Published: November 2021

A small number of case reports and observational studies describe chronic nasal congestion, upper airway obstruction, dysphonia, vocal cord abnormalities, and swallowing abnormalities in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Little is known of the causes and therefore treatments of these, yet they are not uncommon findings in persons with hypermobility‐related conditions presenting in the healthcare setting. We have a specialist multidisciplinary ear, nose, and throat and speech therapy practice with accumulating observational and empirical experience of managing these conditions, which include altered voice, choking, high dysphagia and anterior and deep neck pains. Here, we present our experience, some illustrative cases, and suggestions for future work in this evolving field.
Urogynaecology and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Patel Mittal , Khullar Vik
Published: November 2021

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) can lead to a presentation to urogynaecology services with multiple symptoms including vaginal prolapse, overactive bladder symptoms, voiding dysfunction, bladder pain syndrome, recurrent urinary tracts infections, stress urinary incontinence, recurring bladder diverticula, vesicoureteral reflux, pelvic floor pain or spasms, and complicated postnatal perineal wounds. This article explores the pathophysiology of these conditions in causing urinary urgency, incontinence, and infections; highlighting the key investigations and management considerations for women with EDS including conservative, pharmacological, and surgical.
Doubly Cavitand‐Capped Zn‐Porphyrin Capsule with Simultaneous Encapsulation of Guest and Ligand, and Its Application to Doubly Cavitand‐Capped Double‐Decker Zn‐Porphyrin Capsule
Authors: Nakabayashi Kakeru , Kishimoto Kazuki , Kobayashi Kenji
Published: November 2021

A 1 : 2 mixture of Zn‐meso‐tetrakis(4‐dodecyl‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (1‐Zn) and tetrakis(4‐pyridylethynyl)cavitand (2) in C6D6 self‐assembles quantitatively into the doubly cavitand‐capped Zn‐porphyrin capsule 2 ⋅ 1‐Zn ⋅ 2 with two cavities divided by the porphyrin ring via eight ArOH⋅⋅⋅Npy hydrogen bonds. Simultaneous encapsulation of 1‐acetoxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzene (G) and 4‐(4‐methylphenyl)pyridine (L2) in 2 ⋅ 1‐Zn ⋅ 2 preferentially occurs to form G/L2@(2 ⋅ 1‐Zn ⋅ 2). A 1 : 1 mixture of 1‐Zn and 2 in the presence of G and L2 self‐assembles into the G‐encapsulating half‐capsule G@(2 ⋅ 1‐Zn) ⋅ L2 with coordination of L2 at the outer side of 2 ⋅ 1‐Zn. A 2 : 2 : 1 mixture of 1‐Zn, 2, and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (L3) in the presence of G self‐assembles preferentially into the G‐encapsulating doubly cavitand‐capped double‐decker Zn‐porphyrin capsule G/G@(2 ⋅ 1‐Zn ⋅ L3 ⋅ 1‐Zn ⋅ 2) with coordination of L3 between two hydrogen‐bonded 1‐Zn subunits. Thus, selective formation of these cavitand–porphyrin capsules can be controlled by the stoichiometry of 1‐Zn and 2 as well as the character of N‐ligands.
Hierarchical, Highly Open Microtubes and Columnar Liquid Crystals Self‐Assembled from Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Colloidal Rings
Authors: Wang Linna , Shi Shang , Luo Zhang , Qu Na , Liu Bing
Published: November 2021

The use of simple building blocks to produce hierarchical and porous structured materials is highly desired. Rings are simple colloidal particles but unique for their internal cavities. Here we report the self‐assembly (SA) of colloidal rings with tunable asymmetry mediated by a depletion force and demonstrate that a variety of porous colloidal superstructures from microtubes, flexible chains, (plastic) crystals to highly open liquid crystals (LCs) can be formed along the predesigned SA paths. In particular, the SA is staged in binary or ternary systems. Large rings first form complex ring‐in‐ring and ring‐in‐ring‐in‐ring assemblies by capturing smaller rings, which, as new building blocks, can further form multi‐walled microtubes and open columnar LCs. Moreover, a plastic columnar LC with alternating intracolumnar stacking is found from asymmetrical rings. The SA with colloidal rings opens a new avenue to construct hierarchical and porous ordered metamaterials.
Zinc Containing Small‐Pore Zeolites for Capture of Low Concentration Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Fu Donglong , Park Youngkyu , Davis Mark E.
Published: November 2021

The capture of low concentration CO2 presents numerous challenges. Here, we report that zinc containing chabazite (CHA) zeolites can realize high capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and low desorption energy when capturing ca. 400 ppm CO2. Control of the state and location of the zinc ions in the CHA cage is critical to the performance. Zn2+ loaded onto paired anionic sites in the six‐membered rings (6MRs) in the CHA cage are the primary sites to adsorb ca. 0.51 mmol CO2/g‐zeolite with Si/Al=ca. 7, a 17‐fold increase compared to the parent H‐form. The capacity is increased further to ca. 0.67 mmol CO2/g‐zeolite with Si/Al=ca. 2 due to more paired sites for zinc exchange. Zeolites with double six‐membered rings (D6MRs) that orient 6MRs into the cages give enhanced uptakes for CO2 adsorption with zinc exchange. The results reveal that zinc exchanged CHA and several other small pore, cage containing zeolites merit further investigation for the capture of low concentration CO2.
19F NMR Allows the Investigation of the Fate of Platinum(IV) Prodrugs in Physiological Conditions
Authors: Yuan Siming , Zhu Yang , Dai Yi , Wang Yu , Jin Duo , Liu Manman , Tang Liqin , Arnesano Fabio , Natile Giovanni , Liu Yangzhong
Published: November 2021

PtIV prodrugs can overcome resistance and side effects of conventional PtII anticancer therapies. By 19F‐labeling of a PtIV prodrug (Pt‐FBA, FBA=p‐fluorobenzoate), the activation under physiological conditions could be investigated. Unlike single‐electron reductants, multi‐electron agents can efficiently promote the two electrons reduction of PtIV to PtII. The activation of Pt‐FBA in cell lysate is highly dependent upon the type of cancer cells. When administered to E. coli, Pt‐FBA is reduced intracellularly and free FBA can shuttle out of the cell. The reduction rate greatly increases by inducing metallothionein overexpression and is lowered by addition of ZnII ions. When injected into mice, Pt‐FBA undergoes fast reduction in the bloodstream accompanied by metabolic degradation of FBA; nevertheless, unreduced Pt‐FBA can accumulate to detectable levels in liver and kidneys. The 19F NMR approach has the advantage of avoiding the interference of all background signals.
Oriented UiO‐67 Metal–Organic Framework Membrane with Fast and Selective Lithium‐Ion Transport
Authors: Xu Rongming , Kang Yuan , Zhang Weiming , Zhang Xiwang , Pan Bingcai
Published: November 2021

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) membranes with high pore density and tunable pore size down to the subnanoscale exhibit great potential in ion separation when appropriately designed and prepared. By a washing‐assisted secondary growing method, a well intergrown UiO‐67 membrane with preferential growth along the [022] direction was synthesized on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐modified AAO substrate. Because of the oriented growth of UiO‐67 nanocrystals, highly interconnected ion‐transporting channels are created throughout the UiO‐67/AAO membrane capable of achieving an ultrahigh Li+ permeance of 27.01 mol m−2 h−1 as well as very decent Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of up to 159.4. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the high selectivity is associated with the large disparity of the transport energy barrier between Li+ and Mg2+, which is caused by different extents of ion dehydration in unique bimodal and oriented membrane channels.
Stabilizing Interface pH by N‐Modified Graphdiyne for Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Liang , Hussain Tanveer , Wang Donghong , Hui Lan , Guo Ying , Liang Guojin , Li Xinliang , Chen Ze , Huang Zhaodong , Li Yongjun , Xue Yurui , Zuo Zicheng , Qiu Jieshan , Li Yuliang , Zhi Chunyi
Published: November 2021

Zn dendrite issue was intensively studied via tuning zinc ion flux. pH change seriously influences dendrite formation, while its importance has not been revealed. Here, we construct a N‐modification graphdiyne interface (NGI) to stabilize pH by mediating hydrated zinc ion desolvation. Operando pH detection reveals pH stabilization by NGI. This works with pores in NGI to achieve dendrite‐free Zn deposition and an increased symmetric cell lifespan by 116 times. Experimental and theoretical results owe pH stabilization to desolvation with a reduced activation energy achieved by electron transfer from solvation sheath to N atom. The efficient desolvation ensures that electron directly transfers from substrate to Zn2+ (rather than the coordinated H2O), avoiding O−H bond splitting. Hence, Zn‐V6O13 battery achieves a long lifespan at 20.65 mA cm−2 and 1.07 mAh cm−2. This work reveals the significance of interface pH and provides a new approach to address Zn dendrite issue.
Investigation of the effect ofpolymer‐basednovel grinding aids on cement grinding efficiency
Authors: Dengiz Özcan Ebru , Çinku Kenan , Özdamar Şenel , Ergin Hasan , Özkan Şafak Gökhan
Published: November 2021

Grinding aids, primarily amine group chemicals, are used to reduce agglomeration and increase concrete strength in order to ensure an efficient comminution process in the modern cement industry. This paper aims to investigate polymer‐based novel grinding aids on cement grinding efficiency. It is hereby conventional grinding aids such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and other polymer‐based novel chemicals are examined to reveal their effects on cement grains in grinding process. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the final product in concrete were also compared to each other within the study. The experimental results showed that using polymer‐based grinding aids (A1–A2–A3) increased the fineness of the cement by up to 15%, the cement strength by up to 5% and reduced the water requirement by up to 8%. In the grinding process, the polymer‐based grinding chemicals (A1–A2–A3) also reduced agglomeration and surface energies on cement grains. Furthermore, the energy consumption was reduced by 7%–9% while the grinding performance was increased by 30%–32%. The flocculation on the mill's internal walls was also observed, resulting in a decrease in ball surface area. Finally, these results suggest that polymer‐based chemical additives may outperform conventional grinding chemicals in the cement comminution process.
A systematic review of the global freshwater mussel restoration toolbox
Authors: Eveleens Roland A. , Febria Catherine M.
Published: November 2021

Halting the global decline of freshwater mussels requires an improved understanding of the restoration approaches currently in use and the identification of shortcomings to inform the development of new ones. This article reviews published evaluations of restoration efforts on the ground and those identified or proposed in the literature.

This review found few reports of the effectiveness of restoration measures, and of those reported there was strong temporal and geographical bias. Reports were mostly recent and took place within mussel‐diverse regions of the Global North (i.e. North America, Europe).

Efforts focused on population support encompassed relocation, translocation and population augmentation from captive breeding, and potential restoration approaches emphasized planning and prioritization. It was challenging to assess restoration success owing to differences in success metrics and varied lengths of post‐restoration monitoring. Some measures were inherently more species specific, such as population support, but some articles suggested that the use of multiple measures may allow more species to be addressed by restoration efforts.

Consistent documentation and reporting of restoration measures – including failed ones – are needed to advance freshwater mussel restoration. In addition, continued work is needed to accelerate and better align the development and use of restoration approaches for freshwater mussels. Reporting of unsuccessful or partially successful attempts does not adequately reflect the long life histories of freshwater mussels.

Investigation of the contexts where approaches have been effective (even partially), and concerted efforts to implement combinations of measures at a catchment scale are critical for unionids globally. As such, recommendations are posed to aid integration of research and practice to advance and further develop freshwater mussel restoration.
Caregiver responsiveness as a mechanism to improve social communication in toddlers: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Davis Paige Huguely , Elsayed Heba , Crais Elizabeth R. , Watson Linda R. , Grzadzinski Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) for children at elevated likelihood for a later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (EL‐ASD), are often delivered through parent‐mediated models. An area of current exploration is whether changes in caregiver behaviors are a mechanism through which to improve and track child behaviors in these interventions. Toddlers and their caregivers participated in an intervention trial (randomized controlled trial) and were randomized to either a parent‐mediated intervention (adapted responsive teaching; ART) or a control condition (referral to early intervention and monitoring; REIM). Changes in toddler social communication (SC) behaviors and characteristics of caregiver responsiveness (CR) were quantified over 8 months. Analyses were conducted to assess whether changes in CR mediated the relation between group (ART vs. REIM) and changes in child SC. Results of the current study indicated that caregivers who participated in a parent‐mediated intervention improved in three domains of CR (contingent verbal sensitivity, responsivity, affect). CR was also found to be a mechanism through which children's SC skills improved. This work provides evidence that qualities of CR serve as mechanisms through which to improve and monitor child behaviors over the course of EIBIs. These results may lead to novel intervention targets, methods for tracking change, and tailored treatment planning for toddlers with EL‐ASD. The data used in this study comes from a clinical trial that was prospectively registered with the Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies (Registry ID: 316.1v1).

Lay Summary

Interventions for toddlers with high likelihood for a later diagnosis of autism often include the caregiver as an active participant in the intervention. In this study, we aimed to understand qualities of caregiver responsiveness (CR) that facilitate improvements in child behaviors during intervention. Results show that increasing verbal CR and affect are ways to improve child social skills over the course of intervention.
Economic feasibility of forest biomass feedstock supply chains: clean and dirty chips for bioenergy applications
Authors: Ha HakSoo , Brown Tristan R. , Quinn Ryan J. , Volk Timothy A. , Malmsheimer Robert W. , Fortier Marie‐Odile P. , Frank Jenny R. , Bick Steven
Published: November 2021

There is a lack of economic feasibility analyses on the harvesting of forest biomass to supply low‐carbon bioenergy feedstocks using actual data on the mixed product harvest in the hardwood region of the northeast USA. This study is a techno‐economic analysis of three different scenarios (clean chips, dirty chips, or pulpwood) based on data collected from whole‐tree harvesting systems over 6 years. Each scenario had two different cases: one with costs and revenues allocated by mass (allocated system), and the other without allocation (whole system). The six cases of three scenarios tested resulted in a wide range of positive net present values (NPVs) from $1 713 000 to $819 in US dollars. Clean chip production generated substantial NPVs and dirty chips generated marginal NPVs. The minimum selling prices (MSPs) of clean chips from two cases were similar, $45.92 and $45.55 per green metric ton (Mg), with maximum hauling distances (MHDs) of 247 and 250 km (km). The MSPs for dirty chips from four cases ranged from $34.38 to $37.47 per Mg with the range of MHDs from 184 to 351 km. MSP and sensitivity analyses suggest that the selling prices and harvesting production levels of clean chips and dirty chips, and purchase prices of forestry logging equipment are the key factors that most influence the profitability of the regional forest biomass feedstock supply chain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Demonstration of a negative reinforcement preference assessment to determine aversiveness of types of social interaction
Authors: Slocum Sarah K. , Scheithauer Mindy , Muething Colin
Published: November 2021

Prior researchers have validated the use of a latency assessment to create a hierarchy of demand aversiveness. Demand latency assessments help to identify high‐aversive demands for use in functional analyses and/or treatment. The current study used the same approach to evaluate aversiveness of social interaction among four individuals who engaged in target behavior maintained by social avoidance. We obtained clear hierarchies in social interaction aversiveness across all participants. For one participant, we also used the social avoidance latency assessment to demonstrate an intervention approach using gradual fading of less‐ to more‐aversive forms of social interactions. These results indicate latency assessments may be applicable to generate hierarchies of aversive situations that may evoke target behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement other than escape from demands, leading to several clinical implications, and future research directions.
Harnessing digitalization for sustainable development: Understanding how interactions on sustainability‐oriented digital platforms manage tensions and paradoxes
Authors: Hellemans Ilse , Porter Amanda J. , Diriker Damla
Published: November 2021

In the digital age, interactions among heterogenous actors are increasingly mediated by digital platforms. While sustainability‐oriented digital platforms (SODPs) have the potential to accelerate sustainability through increased connectivity, knowledge sharing, and co‐creation, they also have a dark side, leading to unexpected tensions and paradoxical effects that may risk the creation of value for societal actors. Understanding how digital platforms can be designed to stimulate fruitful interactions among participants without succumbing to their paradoxical effects is still an unresolved puzzle. In this paper, we examine how the bright sides of SODPs can be brought to light while reducing their associated tensions and paradoxes through a qualitative study of micro‐level knowledge integration interactions on an open platform to tackle food waste. Our analysis identified 11 distinct mechanisms and 3 main interactional patterns through which participants framed the scale of the sustainability problem, mobilized resources for their solutions, and generated breadth and diversity of knowledge on the platform to tackle the problem of food waste. Our study contributes to research on SOPDs by showing how participants can take on a “distributed brokering” role through their interactions on the platform. We also provide implications to policy‐oriented practitioners regarding platform design choices to help manage known paradoxes and tensions of SOPDs.
Electroencephalographic and morphometric abnormalities in psychopath offenders
Authors: Calzada‐Reyes Ana , Alvarez‐Amador Alfredo , Galán‐Garcia Lidice , Valdés‐Sosa Mitchell
Published: November 2021

The main goals of the present study were to replicate and extend current knowledge related to paralimbic dysfunctions associated with psychopathy. The research evaluated the quantitative electroencephalography, current density (CD) source and synchronization likelihood analysis during the rest condition and structural magnetic resonance imaging images to compare volumetric and cortical thickness, in inmates recruited from two prisons located in Havana City. The Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) was used as a quantitative measure of psychopathy. This study showed most beta energy and less alpha activity in male psychopath offenders. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography signified an increase of beta activity in psychopath offender groups within paralimbic regions. The superior temporal gyrus volume was associated with the F1 factor while the fusiform, anterior cingulate and associative occipital areas were primarily associated with the F2 factor of PCL‐R scale. Cortical thickness in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the temporal pole was negatively associated with PCL‐R total score.
Dcf1 induces glioblastoma cells apoptosis by blocking autophagy
Authors: Luo Guanghong , Feng Ruili , Li Wengang , Chen Yanlu , Sun Yangyang , Ma Junfeng , Duo Yanhong , Wen Tieqiao
Published: November 2021

Background

Dcf1 has been demonstrated to play vital roles in many CNS diseases, it also has a destructive role on cell mitochondria in glioma cells and promotes the autophagy. Hitherto, it is unclear whether the viability of glioblastoma cells is affected by Dcf1, in particular Dcf1 possesses broad localization on different organelles, and the organelles interaction frequently implicated in cancer cells survival.

Methods

Surgically excised WHO grade IV human glioblastoma tissues were collected and cells isolated for culturing. RT‐PCR and DNA sequencing assay to estimate the abundance and mutation of Dcf1. iTRAQ sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation assay to evaluate the degradation of HistoneH2A isomers by UBA52 ubiquitylation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the structure change of mitochondria and autophagosome. Organelle isolated assay to determine the distribution of protein. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometric assays.

Results

Dcf1 was downregulated in WHO grade IV tumor without mutation, and overexpression of Dcf1 was found to significantly regulate glioblastoma cells. One hundred and seventy‐six differentially expressed proteins were identified by iTRAQ sequencing. Furthermore, we confirmed that overexpression of Dcf1 destabilized the structure of the nucleosome via UBA52 ubiquitination to downregulate HistoneH2A.X but not macroH2A or HistoneH2A.Z, decreased the mitochondrial DNA copy number and inhibited the mitochondrial biogenesis, thus causing mitochondrial destruction and dysfunction in order to supply cellular energy and induce mitophagy preferentially but not apoptosis. Dcf1 also has disrupted the integrity of lysosomes to block autolysosome degradation and autophagy and to increase the release of Cathepsin B and D from lysosomes into cytosol. These proteins cleaved and activated BID to induce glioblastoma cells apoptosis.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrated that unmutated Dcf1 expression is negatively related to the malignancy of glioblastoma, Dcf1 overexpression causes nucleosomes destabilization, mitochondria destruction and dysfunction to induce mitophagy preferentially, and block autophagy by impairing lysosomes to induce apoptosis in glioblastoma.