bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Principles That Support Course Design Innovation for Elementary Mathematics Methods Courses
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie , Garner Brette , Krause Gladys , Bertolone-Smith Claudia , Munson Jen
Published: September 2022

Learning to teach mathematics is a complex endeavor, requiring sustained focus and time. Yet time is especially scarce in elementary teacher education programs, where preservice teachers (PSTs) learn all content areas. Through a collaborative self-study, five teacher educators identified three time-related tensions in elementary mathematics methods courses: (a) teaching mathematics content and pedagogy; (b) connecting theory and practice; and (c) promoting social contexts in teaching mathematics. To address these tensions, we offer three design principles and illustrative examples: (a) addressing multiple goals for each course component; (b) developing PSTs’ dispositions over time; and (c) building on PSTs’ strengths to develop understanding of mathematics. We present a reflection tool to assist matsshematics teacher educators in designing their courses to maximize their instructional time.
Developing Equity Literacy and Critical Statistical Literacy in Secondary Mathematics Preservice Teachers
Authors: Casey Stephanie , Ross Andrew
Published: September 2022

There is a lack of teacher education materials that develop equity literacy in content courses for preservice secondary mathematics teachers. In response, we created teacher education curriculum materials for introductory statistics that include an integrated focus on developing equity literacy and critical statistical literacy.

In this article, we provide an overview of our materials’ design along with a detailed look at one activity regarding racial demographics and tracking in high school STEM courses. We present evidence regarding the positive impact of these materials on the teacher candidates’ competency, value, and likelihood of applying their equity literacy and critical statistical literacy. Implications for mathematics teacher educators working to develop equity literacy together with content knowledge are discussed.
Filling a “Void”: The Mathematical Quality in Planning Protocol for Mathematics Teacher Educators
Authors: Voogt Kevin , Bieda Kristen
Published: September 2022

This article explores one novice mathematics teacher educator’s initial use of the Mathematical Quality in Planning Protocol, an innovative tool that was developed to assist in providing feedback on the mathematical quality of novice mathematics teachers’ lesson plans. The protocol was devised to help mathematics teacher educators bridge the gap between prospective teachers’ mathematical content knowledge and their mathematical content knowledge for teaching. Results of our analysis on an initial use of the protocol point to its potential as a tool to help mathematics teacher educators direct their feedback from being overly focused on the pedagogical aspects of the lesson (e.g., timing, planned activities) to the mathematical content prospective teachers are attempting to teach (e.g., anticipated student solutions, problem-solving strategies).
Elektropermeom: celični odgovor na elektroporacijo
Authors: Vižintin Angelika , Miklavčič Damijan
Published: September 2022

Povečano prepustnost celične membrane zaradi izpostavitve celic oz. tkiv električnemu polju imenujemo elektroporacija. Povzroči vrsto sprememb v celici, od strukturnih in kemijskih sprememb v celični membrani, strukturnih sprememb proteinov oz. proteinskih kompleksov, prenosa snovi v celice in iz njih do aktiviranja signalnih poti in popravljalnih mehanizmov; ob določenih pogojih sproži tudi celično smrt. S pojmom elektropermeom označujemo tako permeabilizirano celico med ali tik po dovajanju električnih pulzov kot tudi vse poznejše procese, ki ostanejo aktivni še nekaj časa potem, ko ni več mogoče opaziti povečanega transmembranskega transporta snovi, za katere je celična ovojnica običajno neprepustna, torej tudi po času, ko že ugotavljamo, da je zaceljena. Elektroporacija se uporablja na številnih področjih, vključno z ablacijo tkiv, gensko elektrotransfekcijo za vnos plazmidov v celice ter elektrokemoterapijo. Aplikacije elektroporacije v medicini so učinkovite in varne, vendar so zaradi delovanja električnih pulzov lahko prisotni tudi določeni neželeni stranski učinki, predvsem mišično krčenje in akutna bolečina. Za optimiziranje parametrov elektroporacije in s tem rezultatov na elektroporaciji temelječih terapij je ključnega pomena nadaljnja razjasnitev osnovnih mehanizmov elektroporacije in vplivov posameznih parametrov električnega polja na elektropermeom. Namen prispevka je predstaviti celovit pregled mehanizmov elektroporacije ter elektropermeoma, tj. celičnega odgovora na elektroporacijo.
Digital evidence preservation :
Authors: Guttman Barbara , White Douglas R , Walraven Tracy
Published: September 2022

The preservation of digital evidence (DE) presents unique problems beyond traditional evidence preservation. This document addresses considerations related to the preservation of digital evidence. This document is part of a series on evidence management and its primary audience is evidence management professionals. The document discusses traditional sources of digital evidence including physical storage media and digital objects and also addresses law enforcement generated digital evidence. The document further discusses key considerations related to digital evidence preservation and the difference from the preservation of other evidence types. Related considerations, such as acquisition of digital evidence are only addressed when there is overlap with preservation.
ПОЛНЕ РАЗЛИКЕ У ФУНДАМЕНТАЛНИМ МОТОРИЧКИМ ВЕШТИНАМА ДЕЦЕ 10-11 ГОДИНА
Authors: Шкркар Станислав , Мадић Дејан , Поповић Борис , Радановић Данило
Published: September 2022

Циљ овог рада био је да утврди степен и евентуалне полне разлике у координацији деце млађег школског узраста. Истраживање је реализовано у основној школи „Лаза Костић“ у Ковиљу – Нови Сад, узорак испитаника сачињавало је 40 ученика (18 мушког пола, просечне старости 10.48 година; 22 женског пола, просечне старости 10.47 година). Фундаменталне моторичке вештине процењене су коришћењем координацијског теста за децу (КТК), који се показао као високо поуздан. За тестирање разлика у фундаменталним моторичким вештинама између дечака и девојчица применила се мултиваријатна анализа варијансе (МАНОВА). Резултати су показали да постоје статистички значајне разлике између дечака и девојчица на укупном нивоу у њиховим фундаменталним моторичким вештинама (p = 0.00). Дечаци су се боље показали у Једноножном прескакању (p = 0.00), Бочним суножним скоковима (p = 0.03) и Укупном КТК скору (p = 0.03). Резултати ове студије показали су да су дечаци постигли веће вредности у три од пет тестова од девојчица, и на тај начин показали да поседују већи ниво фундаменталних моторичких вештина.
ANALIZA TELESNOG STATUSA KOD UČENIKA MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Pantić Snježana , Sekulić Slađana , Simić Nevenka , Pejčić Kristina
Published: September 2022

Posmatranjem vrednosti indeksa telesne mase dece, zapaža se da se one razlikuju u zavisnosti od pola, rase, starosti, zrelosti, visine i telesne mase. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupnom uzorku od 105 ispitanika (52 devojčica i 53 dečaka). Populacija iz koje je uzet uzorak za istraživanje bila je školska populacija, učenici mlađeg školskog uzrasta, hronološke starosti od 8 do 9 godina. Na osnovu kategorizacije stanja uhranjenosti, zaključuje se da se prosečne vrednosti BMI (indeksa telesne mase) dobijene u ovom istraživanju, nalaze na normalnim vrednostima za oba pola 18,18 za dečake i 17,36 za devojčice. Razlike među decom moguće je objasniti i navikama vezanim za fizičko vežbanje i način života u školama i u pojedinim mestima prebivališta. U zemljama gde je obrazovanje obavezno, kao u našoj državi, ili gde je većina dece u obrazovnom sistemu, škole su (uključujući predškolske ustanove) najbolje mesto za testiranje i procenu telesnog statusa dece.
ХИЈЕРАРХИЈСКИ МОДЕЛ МОТИВАЦИЈЕ АБРАХАМА Х. МАСЛОВА У ТЕОРИЈИ И ШКОЛСКОЈ ПРАКСИ
Authors: Хелета Ана Д.
Published: September 2022

Мотивација, феномен је који у великој мери одрећује човеков живот и развој. Без обзира на значај мотивације за учење, још увек се у нашем друштву расправља о когнитивном развоју, когнитивним диспозицијама и сл. изузимајући притом факторе као што је мотивација, а који поспешују когнитивни развој и без којих један такав развој не би био могућ у правој мери. Учење не би, дакле, било могуће без мотивације, без обзира на развијеност когнитивних структира појединца. Уопштено, у раду је реч о мотивима као покретачима људског понашања, истиче се значај хуманистичке теорије мотивације и за циљ се има упознавање читаоца са овим концептом мотивације. Кориштена су различита тумачења аутора који су се ближе бавили овом проблематиком, али и указивањем на неке неосветљене делове ове теорије.
ПРОГРАМИРАНА НАСТАВЕ ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА ПРИМЈЕНОМ КОМПЈУТЕРА
Authors: Којић Биљана
Published: September 2022

У првом дијелу рада дата су теоријска полазишта програмиране наставе као модела учења који води ка самообразовању и самоевалуацији рада, док други дио нуди модел конкретног примјера који се може примијенити на садржаје о чулним органима. Програмирана настава је прилагођена индивидуалним способностима и темпу рада сваког ученика кроз унапријед одређен модел обраде наставног садржаја. Програмирање наставних садржаја могуће је примјеном образовног рачунарског софтвера, наставних листића или програмираних уџбеника. Једна од највећих вриједности образовних рачунарских софтвера као облика програмирања у настави природе и друштва је његова мултимедијалност која обезбјеђује активацију већег броја чула. Из тог разлога, у раду се одлучујемо управо за овај облик програмирања. Програмирани материјал се састоји од девет информација које прате задаци за провјеру њихове усвојености. На крају се налазе занимљивости намијењене ученицима који желе сазнати више, и преглед цјелокупног градива.
ПОЛНЕ РАЗЛИКЕ И ЗАСТУПЉЕНОСТ IT СТРУЧЊАКА У ЈАВНОМ И ПРИВАТНОМ СЕКТОРУ ГРАДА БИЈЕЉИНА
Authors: Милетић Далибор , Зарић Анђа
Published: September 2022

Циљ овог истраживања базира се, прије свега, на заступљености IT стручњака у оквиру приватног и државног сектора Града Бијељина, који имају различита поља пословне дјелатности. Чињеница је да доминатну улогу преузимају мушкарци у сфери информатичког дјеловања, а да су жене у том погледу угроженије. Током година постојања, мушкарци су у свим ђелатностима имали доминатну улогу, али демократизацијом, побољшава се и статус жена. Рачунарима се користе како мушкарци, тако и жене, што ствара добру подлогу да сами резултати програмирања одговарају крајним кориснима мушког, али и женског пола. Специфичност IT-а је и то да је генерално присутан у свим секторима, од почетка до краја радног времена. Огроман број информација које теку кроз фирму прођу кроз овај сектор. У самом раду биће изражене табеле, са детаљним описом, које и доказују такву тврдњу. XXI вијек представља ново, тзв. информатичко, доба и то слабијем полу доноси прилику за дјеловање у IT области. Креативност, осјећајност и друге предиспозиције које су урођене женама јесу разлози, зашто је њима мјесто у IT индустији.
Time-resolved parameterization of aperiodic and periodic brain activity
Authors: Wilson Luc Edward , da Silva Castanheira Jason , Baillet Sylvain
Published: September 2022

Macroscopic neural dynamics comprise both aperiodic and periodic signal components. Recent advances in parameterizing neural power spectra offer practical tools for evaluating these features separately. Although neural signals vary dynamically and express non-stationarity in relation to ongoing behaviour and perception, current methods yield static spectral decompositions. Here, we introduce Spectral Parameterization Resolved in Time (SPRiNT) as a novel method for decomposing complex neural dynamics into periodic and aperiodic spectral elements in a time-resolved manner. First, we demonstrate, with naturalistic synthetic data, SPRiNT’s capacity to reliably recover time-varying spectral features. We emphasize SPRiNT’s specific strengths compared to other time-frequency parameterization approaches based on wavelets. Second, we use SPRiNT to illustrate how aperiodic spectral features fluctuate across time in empirical resting-state EEG data (n=178) and relate the observed changes in aperiodic parameters over time to participants’ demographics and behaviour. Lastly, we use SPRiNT to demonstrate how aperiodic dynamics relate to movement behaviour in intracranial recordings in rodents. We foresee SPRiNT responding to growing neuroscientific interests in the parameterization of time-varying neural power spectra and advancing the quantitation of complex neural dynamics at the natural time scales of behaviour.
Digital Laboratory Framework (DLF): A Tool for Effective Practical Delivery in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria
Authors: AbdulAkeem O. Otunola , Abdullateef O. Alabi , Teslim A. Abdulateef , Mufutau K. Lawal
Published: September 2022

The research provides vital insights into technical and engineering education and practice as a key to effective teaching of practical for Computer Engineering Students in an efficient and applied manner which is an indispensable factor. Since the introduction of Computer Engineering in 1997 at Federal Polytechnic Offa, applying the theories has allowed the students to develop their commercial literacy and ambition in the Polytechnics. Using laboratories for routine practical has been traditional, and the technology trend has gone beyond conventional methods. Digital Laboratory Framework (DLF) is a tool for technical education, where practical teaching will take the form of virtual learning. The team intends to develop a digital laboratory to complement the traditional method for National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) in Computer Engineering to cover core digital and analogue electronics pre-requisite courses. The teaching and practice of Engineering serve as the essential entrepreneurship skills with a keynote to address the fundamental requirements needed to establish a successful career using student cognitive learning, student performance and evaluation concerning technical skills acquisition. The result prepares undergraduates ahead for industrial skills. It enables them to specialize in any computer engineering options and help produce competent Nigerian graduates as engineers with a total capacity to develop the nation through innovative technologies.
The Influence of Marketing Communication Strategies on Fandom Development in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Premier League Football Clubs
Authors: Manyama Amos , Kisawike Blandina , Simba Cornelius A. , Golyama Bahati
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of marketing communication strategies on fandom development in Tanzania: A case of selected premier league football clubs. The study specifically assessed the influence of advertising on club’s fandom development; explored the influence of social media on club’s fandom development; and to assess the influence of corporate social responsibility on club’s fandom development in Tanzania. The targeted population was 910 fans whereby from this population sample size of 185 fans was drawn.  The research employed descriptive research design where mixed research approach was applied. Simple random sampling was used to select fans of Simba SC and Mbeya City FC while purposive sampling technique was used to select clubs’ leaders. The findings revealed that advertising strategy, the use of social media and involvement in corporate social responsibility have a great influence in football clubs’ fandom development in Tanzania. The adjusted R2 of the regression output was equals to 0.667 implying that the model explains about 66.7% variations in the clubs’ fandom development. Therefore, advertising strategy, social media and corporate social responsibility were significant predictors of clubs’ fandom development in Tanzania premier league football clubs. Therefore, the study concludes that marketing communication strategy is of vital in influencing fandom development in football clubs. The study recommends that for a club to expand its fandom, its marketing communication strategy should be set in such a way that it can easily be accessed by the majority of the public. Its contents and mode of delivering should be touching the majority of the public. Clubs are required to innovate and intensify the use of effective and efficient marketing communication strategies in promoting clubs’ brand to the public.
Economic Analysis of Micropropagation of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton and Rose)
Authors: Chongloi Lhingneivah , Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Hipparagi Kulapati , Guranna Prabhuling , Prakasha D. P. , Chittapur Rekha , Kamble Arunkumar , Vishweshwar Shripad
Published: September 2022

Cultivation of dragon fruit is rising in many topical and sub-tropical countries because of its high nutritional and medicinal values and is highly remunerative for the farmers. However, the supply of planting material is a bottleneck in meeting the increasing demand. With the upsurge in requirement for planting materials and the slow growth of the cactus, the conventional methods of stem cutting, which is the only source of acquiring planting materials at present, cannot meet the demand. Micropropagation which ensures the crop's clonal fidelity and availability of planting material throughout the year can be an alternative. Considering the higher cost of micropropagation, an economic analysis of in vitro regeneration for thousand plants was calculated and compared with the conventional stem cuttings. Cost of tissue cultured plantlets (Rs. 20.02) /plant) was found to be higher than the conventional method (Rs. 14.93 per plant). The major cost involved in micropropagation is attributed to the cost of skilled labours required for multiple sub-cultures, followed by the hardening media and tissue culture growth media. Nevertheless, the cost of tissue cultured plantlets is far lesser than the market price (Rs. 40/plant at university of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot). Hence, considering the clonality, uniformity and disease freeness of tissue cultured plantlets, micropropagation of dragon fruit may be considered feasible for both the producers and farmers. A further cost of production may be reduced with training skilled labours to improve their efficiency and other cheap sources of potting media may be explored.
Luteimicrobium
Authors: Hamada Moriyuki
Published: September 2022

Lu.te.i.mi.cro'bi.um. L. masc. adj.
luteus
, yellow; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
, microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Luteimicrobium
, a yellow microbe.

Actinobacteria / Actinomycetia / Micrococcales / Promicromonosporaceae / Luteimicrobium

The genus
Luteimicrobium
is Gram‐stain‐positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic, non‐endospore‐forming, and nonmotile actinobacterium. Cells exhibit a rod–coccus growth cycle. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐variable. Aerial mycelium is not produced. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan is of the A4α type; the interpeptide bridge consists of either
d
‐Glu or
d
‐Ser–
d
‐Asp. The predominant isoprenoid quinones are MK‐8(H
2
) and/or MK‐9(H
2
). The principal polar lipid is diphosphatidylglycerol; phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides may be present. The major cellular fatty acids consist of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched and/or mono‐unsaturated straight‐chain fatty acids with anteiso‐C
15:0
or iso‐C
16:0
as the main component. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is approximately 73 mol%. Phylogenetically, the genus belongs to the family
Promicromonosporaceae
within the order
Micrococcales
. Currently, the genus contains three validly published species: namely,
Luteimicrobium subarcticum
,
Luteimicrobium album
, and
Luteimicrobium xylanilyticum
. The type species of the genus is
L. subarcticum
, and the type strain is R19‐04
T
which was isolated from soil. The type strains of
L. album
and
L. xylanilyticum
are RI148‐Li105
T
and W‐15
T
, which were isolated from lichen and the gut of a beetle, respectively.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 73.2–73.8 (genome, HPLC).

Type species
:
Luteimicrobium subarcticum
Hamada et al. 2010
VP
.
Core‐Shell Hetero‐Framework derived Copper Azide Composites as Excellent Laser‐Ignitable Primary Explosives
Authors: Wang Chao , Guo Hui‐Min , Pang Rui , Ren Wei‐Wei , Wei Yong‐Li , He Ai‐Feng , Zhang Rui , Zhang Lei , Chen Jian‐Hua , Wang Qian‐You , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: September 2022

Laser initiation has attracted increasing interest owing to its extraordinary safety and high reliability. However, traditional metal complex‐based laser‐ignitable primary explosives are limited by high input laser energy and low detonation ability. In this study, an efficient laser‐ignitable primary explosive‐based copper azide is prepared by constructing core‐shell hetero‐framework Cu‐MOF@COF as the precursor. The pyrolysis of Cu‐MOF@COF hybrid material affords copper azide (CA) nanoparticle confined in a porous carbon shell, referred to CA@C Shell. The evenly coated porous carbon shell functions as light‐to‐heat conversion layer efficiently promoting the laser initiation process of inside CA. Consequently, CA@C Shell can be initiated at lower laser energy thresholds (0.80 mJ at 1064 nm). This value is significantly lower than typical laser ignitable metal complex tetraamine‐cis‐bis(5‐nitro‐2H‐tetrazolato‐N2)cobalt(III)perchlorate (726 mJ at 808 nm). Moreover, the CA@C Shell successfully detonates the secondary explosives CL‐20 by laser energy when it is assembled in a micro‐detonator system. This study offers a unique method for constructing high performance laser‐ignitable primary explosives for micro‐detonator applications.
Regulating the Coordination Environment of Mesopore‐Confined Single Atoms from Metalloprotein‐MOFs for Highly Efficient Biocatalysis
Authors: Liang Jieying , Johannessen Bernt , Wu Zhibin , Webster Richard F. , Yong Joel , Zulkifli Muhammad Yazid Bin , Harbort Joshua S. , Cheok You Rou , Wen Haotian , Ao Zhimin , Kong Biao , Chang Shery L. Y. , Scott Jason , Liang Kang
Published: September 2022

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit unparalleled atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency, yet it is challenging to modulate SACs with highly dispersed single‐atoms, mesopores, and well‐regulated coordination environment simultaneously and ultimately maximize their catalytic efficiency. Here, a generalized strategy to construct highly active ferric‐centered SACs (Fe‐SACs) is developed successfully via a biomineralization strategy that enables the homogeneous encapsulation of metalloproteins within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that the constructed metalloprotein‐MOF‐templated Fe‐SACs achieve up to 23‐fold and 47‐fold higher activity compared to those using metal ions as the single‐atom source and those with large mesopores induced by Zn evaporation, respectively, as well as up to a 25‐fold and 1900‐fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to natural enzymes and natural‐enzyme‐immobilized MOFs. Furthermore, this strategy can be generalized to a variety of metal‐containing metalloproteins and enzymes. The enhanced catalytic activity of Fe‐SACs benefits from the highly dispersed atoms, mesopores, as well as the regulated coordination environment of single‐atom active sites induced by metalloproteins. Furthermore, the developed Fe‐SACs act as an excellent and effective therapeutic platform for suppressing tumor cell growth. This work advances the development of highly efficient SACs using metalloproteins‐MOFs as a template with diverse biotechnological applications.
An Optically Controlled Virtual Microsensor for Biomarker Detection In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Tiange , Wu Shuai , Qin Haifeng , Wu Huaying , Liu Xiaoshuai , Li Baojun , Zheng Xianchuang
Published: September 2022

Current technologies for the real‐time analysis of biomarkers in vivo, such as needle‐type microelectrodes and molecular imaging methods based on exogenous contrast agents, are still facing great challenges in either invasive detection or lack of active control of the imaging probes. In this study, by combining the design concepts of needle‐type microelectrodes and the fluorescence imaging method, a new technique is developed for detecting biomarkers in vivo, named as “optically controlled virtual microsensor” (OCViM). OCViM is established by the organic integration of a specially shaped laser beam and fluorescent nanoprobe, which serve as the virtual handle and sensor tip, respectively. The laser beam can trap and manipulate the nanoprobe in a programmable manner, and meanwhile excite it to generate fluorescence emission for biosensing. On this basis, fully active control of the nanoprobe is achieved noninvasively in vivo, and multipoint detection can be realized at sub‐micrometer resolution by shifting a nanoprobe among multiple positions. By using OCViM, the overexpression and heterogenous distribution of biomarkers in the thrombus is studied in living zebrafish, which is further utilized for the evaluation of antithrombotic drugs. OCViM may provide a powerful tool for the mechanism study of thrombus progression and the evaluation of antithrombotic drugs.
Work Function Engineering of Thin α‐RuCl3 by Argon Sputtering
Authors: Klaproth Tom , Grönke Martin , Hampel Silke , Knupfer Martin , Büchner Bernd , Isaeva Anna , Doert Thomas , Koitzsch Andreas
Published: September 2022

α‐RuCl3 is a candidate material for the realization of a Kitaev spin liquid with envisioned applications for quantum computing. It is a van‐der‐Waals material with in‐plane honeycomb lattice equivalent to the CrX3 (X= Cl, Br, I) type 2D magnets. Here, possibilities of defect engineering and surface modification of thin crystals are explored by Ar+ dosing and vacuum annealing. Chlorine is easily removed from the surface, which reduces the Ru valence and eventually leaves a Ru rich surface layer behind. A peculiar thickness dependence of the work function emerges after Ar+ sputtering, which is ascribed to the remaining chlorine concentration. This work elucidates material properties of thin α‐RuCl3 and introduces concepts of property engineering to create homojunctions and control level alignment by standard in situ methods.
Multiband Effects in the Superconducting Phase Diagram of Oxide Interfaces
Authors: Jouan Alexis , Hurand Simon , Singh Gyanendra , Lesne Edouard , Barthélémy Agnés , Bibes Manuel , Ulysse Christian , Saiz Guilhem , Feuillet‐Palma Chéryl , Lesueur Jérôme , Bergeal Nicolas
Published: September 2022

A dome‐shaped phase diagram of superconducting critical temperature upon doping is often considered as a hallmark of unconventional superconductors. This behavior, observed in SrTiO3‐based interfaces, whose electronic density is controlled by field‐effect, has not been explained unambiguously yet. Here, a generic scenario for the superconducting phase diagram of these oxide interfaces is elaborated based on transport experiments on a double‐gate LaAlO3/SrTiO3 field‐effect device and Schrödinger–Poisson numerical simulations of the quantum well. The optimal doping point of maximum Tc is ascribed to the transition between a single‐gap and a fragile two‐gap s±‐wave superconducting state involving bands of different orbital character. Close to this point, a bifurcation in the dependence of Tc on the carrier density, which can be controlled by the details of the doping execution, is observed experimentally and reproduced by numerical simulations. Where doping with a back‐gate triggers the filling of a new subband and initiates the overdoped regime, doping with a top‐gate delays the filling of the subband and maintains the 2D electron gaz in the single‐gap state of higher Tc. Such a bifurcation, whose branches can be followed reversibly, provides a generic explanation for the dome‐shaped superconducting phase diagram that could be extended to other multiband superconducting materials.
Graphene Absorption Enhanced by Quasi‐Bound‐State‐in‐Continuum in Long‐Wavelength Plasmonic–Photonic System
Authors: Kananen Thomas , Wiggins Marcie , Wang Zi , Wang Feifan , Soman Anishkumar , Booksh Karl , Alù Andrea , Gu Tingyi
Published: September 2022

Graphene plasmonic structures can support enhanced and localized light–mater interactions within extremely small mode volumes. However, the external quantum efficiency of the resulting devices is fundamentally limited by material scattering and radiation loss. Here, such radiation loss channels are suppressed by tailoring the structure to support a symmetry‐protected bound‐state‐in‐the‐continuum (BIC) system. With practical loss rates and doping level in graphene, over 90% absorption near critical coupling is expected from numerical simulation. Experimentally measured peak absorption of 68% is achieved in such a tailored graphene photonic–plasmonic system, with maximum 50% contrast to the control sample without graphene. Significant reduction of the plasmon absorption for a different spacer thickness verifies the sensitivity of the system to the quasi‐BIC condition.
Self‐Activated Tungstate Phosphor for Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Sheng , Xiong Puxian , Liu Quan , Xiao Yao , Sun Yongsheng , Song Enhai , Chen Yan
Published: September 2022

Near‐infrared phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) are promising for many applications in non‐destructive testing, bio‐imaging, and modern agriculture. However, developing self‐activated NIR phosphors with high efficiency and excellent thermal stability is a great challenge for current research. In this work, a self‐activated far‐red to NIR emitting NaLaMgWO6 phosphor is prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method, whose luminescence properties are investigated in detail. In addition, the introduction of Bi3+ ions as sensitizers enhances the emission intensity of far‐red to NIR light (650‐850 nm) through a Bi3+ → WO66– energy transfer design strategy, resulting in an increased internal quantum efficiency (IQE) from 56.4% to 64.8% and thermal stability from 54% to 72% (420 K). Finally, the combination of NaLaMgWO6:Bi3+ with 365/460 nm commercial LED chip is prepared into NIR pc‐LED devices, demonstrating satisfactory performance in the field of night vision detection and other wide range of practical applications.
Predicting and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules with Balanced ΔEST and Transition Dipole Moment
Authors: Wei Zhuangzhuang , Jiang Shanshan , Qi Fangfang , Lv Xin , Song Jinhui , Gu Junjing , Meng Lingyi , Lu Can‐Zhong
Published: September 2022

The investigations on the relationship between geometrical structures, excited state properties, and photophysical performance can accelerate the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules. Herein, the photophysical properties of newly proposed organic TADF molecule: [4‐(9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine) phenyl] (pyridin‐4‐yl)‐methanone (PyB‐DMAC), are theoretically investigated by using the quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics method. The photophysical performance dependency of PyB‐DMAC molecule on its geometrical and electronic structures, and aggregation effects are systematically analyzed. The calculated fluorescence quantum efficiencies are in good agreement with the experimental results, for instance, the calculated fluorescence efficiency of 61.2% (exp. 49%) for PyB‐DMAC molecule in the crystal phase. Based on these investigations, novel organic TADF molecules can be designed by balancing the singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and transition dipole moment. Sixteen unexplored candidates are screened with similar structures to PyB‐DMAC molecule, while two new TADF organic molecules (PyBF‐DMAC and OSOF‐DMAC) are selected with enhanced luminescence performance. The newly designed TADF molecules reveal lower reorganization energies and reduced nonradiative decay rates. The simulation results exhibit that their luminescence quantum efficiencies in toluene solvent and amorphous state are as high as 63.7%, 53.2% and 90%, 97.4%, respectively.
Controlling the Formation of Conductive Pathways in Memristive Devices
Authors: Winkler Robert , Zintler Alexander , Petzold Stefan , Piros Eszter , Kaiser Nico , Vogel Tobias , Nasiou Déspina , McKenna Keith P. , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Alff Lambert
Published: September 2022

Resistive random‐access memories are promising candidates for novel computer architectures such as in‐memory computing, multilevel data storage, and neuromorphics. Their working principle is based on electrically stimulated materials changes that allow access to two (digital), multiple (multilevel), or quasi‐continuous (analog) resistive states. However, the stochastic nature of forming and switching the conductive pathway involves complex atomistic defect configurations resulting in considerable variability. This paper reveals that the intricate interplay of 0D and 2D defects can be engineered to achieve reproducible and controlled low‐voltage formation of conducting filaments. The author find that the orientation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline HfOxis directly related to the required forming voltage of the conducting filaments, unravelling a neglected origin of variability. Based on the realistic atomic structure of grain boundaries obtained from ultra‐high resolution imaging combined with first‐principles calculations including local strain, this paper shows how oxygen vacancy segregation energies and the associated electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level govern the formation of conductive pathways in memristive devices. These findings are applicable to non‐amorphous valence change filamentary type memristive device. The results demonstrate that a fundamental atomistic understanding of defect chemistry is pivotal to design memristors as key element of future electronics.
High‐Performance and Durable Fuel Cells using Co/Sr‐Free Fluorite‐Based Mixed Conducting (Pr,Ce)O2‐δ Cathode
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Kim Dong Hwan , Seo Jongsu , Jeong Seung Jin , Kim Jinwook , Tuller Harry L. , Son Ji‐Won , Jung WooChul
Published: September 2022

A major challenge to overcome in demonstrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to be suitable as efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices capable of addressing pressing clean energy and environmental needs is to surmount chemical and thermo‐mechanical instabilities in their operational phase. To date, perovskite‐based mixed conducting cathodes, which include inherent Co and Sr elements for enhanced reactivity and conductivity, have been intensively studied. These Co/Sr‐based oxides, however, exhibit severe thermochemical expansion and suffer from Sr surface segregation, ultimately degrading the electrode performance. Here, high‐performance and durable SOFCs are demonstrated by employing a Co/Sr‐free fluorite‐based mixed conducting (Pr,Ce)O2‐δ (PCO) cathode eminently compatible with fluorite‐based solid electrolytes. The nanocolumnar PCO electrode developed in this study provides not only a remarkable low level of electrode resistance (e.g., ≈0.05 Ω cm2 at 600 °C) but also exceptional long‐term stability (e.g., a degradation rate 15 times slower compared to the state‐of‐the‐art La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ perovskite). The competitive peak power densities of an anode‐supported single cell with the PCO cathode are also successively achieved, recording a value of 0.92 W cm−2 at 600 °C. These findings herald the development of new Co/Sr‐free electrodes for SOFCs at intermediate temperatures.
Understanding pulse oximetry in hematology patients: Hemoglobinopathies, racial differences, and beyond
Authors: Patterson Sarah , Sandercock Nick , Verhovsek Madeleine
Published: September 2022

Pulse oximetry (SpO2) is a widely used, non‐invasive method of estimating arterial oxygen saturation. Measurement of SpO2 relies on comparing the relative absorption of light in the red and infrared regions with the expected absorption pattern of oxygenated and deoxygenation adult hemoglobin. As this screening tool has entered common clinical use, test limitations have emerged, including concern about the risk of overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in a disproportionate number of people with dark skin pigment, leading to potential for underdiagnosis of true hypoxemia. In addition, a range of challenges may arise in patients with increased levels of methemoglobin – whether acquired or inherited – carboxyhemoglobin, or in patients with a subset of inherited variant hemoglobins. It is important for Hematologists, and indeed all clinicians who rely on pulse oximetry, to understand the principles and limitations of this ubiquitous test.
Carboxylato‐ and squarato‐bridged dinuclear/tetranuclear Cu(II) complexes: Synthesis, magnetic property, and protein binding studies
Authors: Patra Apu , Carrella Luca M. , Saren Dama , Mahish Manas Kumar , Zangrando Ennio , Puschmann Horst , Rentschler Eva , Manna Subal Chandra
Published: September 2022

Two new Cu(II) complexes [Cu2(L)2(mb)](ClO4)·0.5H2O (1) and [Cu4(L)4(sq)(H2O)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (2) (HL = 2‐[(2‐morpholine‐4‐yl‐ethylimino)‐methyl]‐phenol); mb = 4‐methyl benzoate; sq2− = C4O42− squarate dianion) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopic technique. The structural determination showed the Schiff base acting as tridentate ligand coordinating the copper(II) atoms by the phenoxo, imino and morpholine nitrogen donors to give comparable Cu(L) entities in both complexes 1 and 2. Complex 1 is a dinuclear cationic species built by a 4‐methylbenzoate anion coordinating two Cu(L) moieties. The two Cu(II) centers are chemically equivalent exhibiting a distorted square pyramidal geometry. Complex 2 is tetranuclear and it is formed by a centrosymmetric squarate core connected to four Cu(L) complex units to give a cationic complex counterbalanced by perchlorate anions. Of the two independent Cu(II) atoms, Cu1 exhibits a square pyramidal coordination sphere, whereas Cu2 is better described as square planar. The crystal packing of complex 2 shows a polymeric arrangement through H‐bonding. Magnetic measurements show antiferromagnetic coupling in both the complexes. The interaction of complexes with hen egg lysozyme has been investigated by using UV–vis absorption and 2D/3D fluorescence spectroscopic techniques and the calculated values of binding constants, Kbin, are (5.9 ± 0.11) × 104, (17.39 ± 0.04) × 104, and (10.1 ± 0.07) × 104 M−1 for HL, 1, and 2, respectively.
Cultural use of ICT4D to promote Indigenous knowledge continuity of Ngarrindjeri stories and communal practices
Authors: Haines Jelina , Du Jia Tina , Trevorrow Aunty Ellen
Published: September 2022

While there is a considerable amount of interest in information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) in the Indigenous communities, it remains limited to those who can afford it and have the skills and knowledge to implement the technology and access appropriate digital tools. Hence, Indigenous communities are continually stigmatized as marginalized, leading to a cultural misrepresentation of histories that affects the continuing information disparity between Indigenous and Western knowledge systems, particularly the insufficient technology infrastructure designed for traditional users. In this article, ICT4D was conceptualized as a digital platform to support Senior Ngarrindjeri Elder Aunty Ellen Trevorrow in continuing her practice of weaving and storytelling throughout the pandemic. In this context, the community‐based participatory research (CBPR) principles within the structure of video ethnography were qualitatively designed to implement the ICT4D project culturally and ethically. Video recordings, image data, transcriptions, and the Ngarrindjeri ICT4D Pondi (Murray Cod) framework were embedded to justify the findings and the aim of illustrating Aunty Ellen's knowledge‐sharing process to online learners. Likewise, the results demonstrate the positive and negative impact of COVID‐19 on the continuity and orality of Aunty Ellen's cultural stories and practices. The future continuity of Aunty Ellen's knowledge ought to consider the inconsistency of technological infrastructure in regional areas, her waning health, and the interconnectedness of oral expertise, which often pose challenges. This study is a small step toward a better understanding of the value of oral knowledge; emphasizing the creation of e‐learning weaving instructional videos is valuable for future digital management of Indigenous knowledge relevant to LIS.
Imidazole‐Based Energetic Materials: A Promising Family of N‐Heterocyclic Framework
Authors: Xie Changpeng , Pei Le , Cai Jinxiong , Yin Ping , Pang Siping
Published: September 2022

Imidazole represents a fascinating class of explosophoric units with exciting structures and unique properties. As compared to other nitrogen‐rich heterocycles, imidazole demonstrates great potential applications due to economic effectiveness and superior energetic performances. The field of traditional chemistry has been extensively explored for imidazole, and thus established bond‐building methods and functionalization strategies promote further development as high‐energy density materials (HEDMs). This review addresses the development of energetic imidazole compounds in the past decade, summarizes their physiochemical properties, and is divided into three parts (explosives, propellants, and energetic biocides) according to application requirements. Various synthetic strategies for these energetic molecules are highlighted, including the construction of heterocyclic frameworks and following functionalization. The selected and discussed reactions illustrate the versatility of imidazole in energetic applications as building blocks for the future design of new HEDMs.
Improvement of students' enthusiasm by introduction of barrage into online teaching during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Xingyou , Du Xiaojing , Shen Jie
Published: September 2022

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic results in the turning from offline teaching to online teaching. Students enjoy short videos and like barrage during the pandemic. We found that the introduction of barrage into online teaching is of great help to improve the students' attention and enthusiasm. In order to verify the correctness of this conjecture, we launched a questionnaire survey. According to the preliminary conclusions, we found that student's think that such adaption is not only interesting, but also can promote the interaction, and therefore improve the learning effect. It should conform to the trend of teaching development in the new era.
Perceptions about traditional Chinese medicine use among Chinese breast cancer survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Hung Yik‐Laam , Leung Siu‐Sing , Chiu Siu‐Ting Pamela , Li Pik‐Yi , Kan Anson Chi‐On , Lo Chi‐Chung , Wong Sze‐Yuen Zeta , Luk Sze‐Lam , Lai Cheuk‐Lam Charlotte , El Helali Aya , Chan Wendy Wing‐Lok
Published: September 2022

Introduction

An increasing number of breast cancer survivors (BCS) use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) throughout their cancer journey. There is emerging evidence that TCM is effective in the reducing side effects of chemotherapy. However, qualitative patient‐centric and culturally relevant research into TCM use is scant. This qualitative study aimed to explore the use and perceptions of Chinese Hong Kong BCS using TCM.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a university hospital and three breast cancer patient groups in Hong Kong. Questionnaires regarding the use of TCM were given to all participants, followed by individual semi‐structured interviews on selected BCS to comprehensively understand TCM's use and perceptions. A greater emphasis was placed on the qualitative data.

Results

About half of the participants (n = 67, 48.9%) used TCM during their cancer treatment journey, among which almost all (n = 64, 95.5%) had improved symptoms. Sleeping disturbances (n = 58, 86.6%) and fatigue (n = 53, 79.1%) were the two most common symptoms that improved after TCM. Interview data revealed that participants used TCM to satisfy unmet needs that mainstream conventional Western medicine could not fulfil. They wished for a sense of control and better well‐being. They expressed improvements in physical and psychological well‐being after the use of TCM. Despite existing barriers, including high cost, long duration of treatment, and disapproval from oncologists, most would still recommend TCM to fellow survivors.

Conclusions

Chinese Hong Kong BCS who used TCM reported positive experiences. Understanding how BCS perceive and use TCM is important to integrating TCM into survivorship care in this population.
Multiple physical field coupling simulation of high current lithium electrolyzer in industry
Authors: Wu Lili , Li Wenying , Lu Guimin
Published: September 2022

The electric field, thermal field, and velocity field in a 60 kA diaphragmless lithium electrolyzer are studied by multiple physical field coupling simulations. The current density distribution, the balance of heat generation, heat dissipation, and the flow field distribution of the lithium electrolyzer are discussed. The velocity distribution is solved by the Euler–Euler two‐phase flow model, and the turbulent flow of electrolyte is solved by the k–ε method. The results show that in an electric‐heat field, there is a constant ratio of current loss, and the current density distribution is not uniform. The electrolyte temperature is evenly distributed, wherein thermal radiation plays a dominant role. In addition, it is found that the velocity distribution of the end‐side interpolar space and the inside interpolar space is different. The influence of electrode distance in the range of 30~60 mm on the flow field is investigated, and the dominance of the electrode distance effect and the eddy current effect is analyzed. The optimal range of electrode distance is 40~50 mm.
Photoresponsive α‐Diimine Nickel Modulated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization†
Authors: Yang Jingshuang , Hu Xiaoqiang , Jian Zhongbao
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Beyond the single ligand electronic and/or steric modifications, external stimuli are a useful tool for modulating catalytic polymerization reactions. Light stands out from external stimuli, but the corresponding photoresponsive transition metal catalysts are significantly rare for olefin polymerization due to the difficult synthesis. In this contribution, in consideration of the key role of steric shielding on the axial sites, we installed four concerted azobenzene moieties into symmetrically terphenyl‐based α‐diimine Ni(II) complexes to prepare photoresponsive catalysts, which were applied to ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomer. Via the trans‐cis isomerization of azobenzene‐functionalized Ni(II) catalysts in dark or under UV light, catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight, branching density, incorporation of co‐monomer, and even the ratio of branching pattern were significantly modulated in ethylene (co)polymerizations. This photo‐controlled strategy behaved an opposite influence between ethylene polymerization and copolymerization, in terms of catalytic activity and polymer molecular weight. As a result, slightly branched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes and high molecular weight functionalized polyethylenes were produced at ambient conditions.