bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmenting and eliminating the use of sonic logs using artificial intelligence: A comparative evaluation
Authors: Roy Vishnu , Gupta Ankur , Agrawal Romy , Kumar Nitesh , Saxena Amit
Published: May 2022

In oil and gas exploration, it is vital to acquire information about the bottom hole conditions. This is done in the field using wireline logging. The sonic log is one of the most prolific logs as it assists in porosity determination, cement evaluation and identification of lithology and gas‐bearing intervals. However, sonic logging tools are not always a part of the wireline logging arrangement. Still, there are sections where the logging data are missing, and in some cases, these are dependent upon old tools. The tool is incapable of recording shear wave transit times. This study explores the possibility of substituting the sonic log using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. These techniques can also predict the sonic log data in sections where these are missing or unreliable. Artificial neural networks, decision tree regression, random forest regression, support vector regression and extreme gradient boosting are the most popular tools available at our disposal for making these estimations. This study has compared these different techniques for their effectiveness and accuracy in making sonic transit time predictions based on other available well logs. The obtained results suggest that despite all the attention on artificial neural networks, eXtreme gradient boosting and the random forest regression outperform it for the given purpose. In the case of missing shear transit time data, random forest regression made predictions with a root mean squared error of 1.03 × 10–4 and a root mean squared error of 0.97 while eXtreme gradient boosting regression did so with a root mean squared error of 1.36 × 10–4 and the same regression coefficient (0.97). When no sonic data were available, random forest regression estimated shear transit time with a root mean squared error of 6.41×10–4 and a regression coefficient of 0.95, and compressional transit time with a root mean squared error of 9.06×10–5 and a root mean squared error of 0.94. The root mean squared error of shear transit time and compressional transit time predictions made using eXtreme gradient boosting were found to be the same as those of random forest regression. The root mean squared error, however, was observed to be slightly less for the compressional transit time predictions and somewhat more for the shear transit time predictions. As data analysis, in general, is a better method for estimation than the use of empirical correlations, these machine learning‐based predictions can serve as powerful tools in the oil and gas exploration industry.
Simple metrics to characterize inter‐individual and temporal variation in habitat selection behaviour
Authors: Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Wittemyer George
Published: May 2022

Individual variation in habitat selection and movement behaviour is receiving growing attention, but primarily with respect to characterizing behaviours in different contexts as opposed to decomposing structure in behaviour within populations. This focus may be limiting advances in understanding the diversity of individual behaviour and its influence on population organization. We propose a framework for characterizing variation in space‐use behaviour with the aim of advancing interpretation of its form and function.

Using outputs from integrated step‐selection analyses of 20 years of telemetry data from African elephants Loxodonta Africana, we developed four metrics characterizing differentiation in resource selection behaviour within a population (specialization [magnitude of the response independent of direction], heterogeneity [inter‐individual variation], consistency [temporal shift in response] and reversal [frequency of directional changes in the response]).

We contrasted insight from the developed metrics relative to the mean population response using an example focused on two covariates. We then expanded this contrast by evaluating if the metrics identify structurally important information on seasonal shifts in resource selection behaviours in addition to that provided by mean selection coefficients through principal component analyses (PCAs) and a random forest classification.

The simplified example highlighted that for some covariates focusing on the population average failed to capture complex individual variation in behaviours. The PCAs revealed that the developed metrics provided additional information in explaining the patterns in elephant selection beyond that offered by population average covariate values. For elephants, specialization and heterogeneity were informative, with specialization often being a better descriptor of differences in seasonal resource selection behaviour than population average responses. Summarizing these metrics spatially and temporally, we illustrate how these metrics can provide insights on overlooked aspects of animal behaviour.

Our work offers a new approach in how we conceptualize variation in space‐use behaviour (i.e. habitat selection and movement) by providing ways of encapsulating variation that enables diagnoses of the drivers of individual‐level variability in a population. The developed metrics explicitly distil how variation in a behaviour is structured among individuals and over time which could facilitate comparative work across time, populations or strata within populations.
Dancing with Douglas‐fir: Determinism dominates fungal community assembly processes
Authors: Birch Joseph D. , Lutz James A. , Karst Justine
Published: May 2022

Fungal communities can influence the productivity, composition and survival of trees through cycling nutrients, providing resources and altering pathogens. Thus, shifts in fungal communities could impact forests by altering interactions between trees and their environments. Fungal community composition may be shaped by stochastic and deterministic processes such as dispersal limitation, environmental filtering and partner specificity between trees and fungi. For tree species with large geographical ranges, we expect fungal assembly processes to change with environmental variation across the range of the tree partner. Due to specificity between trees and symbiotic fungi, we expect deterministic to outweigh stochastic processes in root compared with soil fungi. As some tree species have exceptional longevity, we also expected tree age to influence fungal community assembly.

We surveyed fungi in four stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii with tree ages up to 800 years along an 1,800 km transect. We sampled roots and soil around 12 P. menziesii in each stand, aged the trees, and sequenced fungal rDNA to determine composition and richness from which we calculated the relative role of deterministic and stochastic assembly processes. We used null models to evaluate the relative importance of deterministic variable and homogenizing selection, and stochastic dispersal limitation, drift and homogenizing dispersal in fungal community assembly.

We detected 7,280 amplicon sequence variants with 5,270 associated with soil, 3,887 with roots and 1,877 found across both roots and soils. Deterministic processes dominated root and soil fungal communities at all sites except one where stochastic processes (i.e. dispersal limitation and drift) controlled root fungi. Despite the dominance of determinism in fungal community assembly, the proportion of processes differed by site. Assembly processes did not vary with tree age.

Synthesis. Taken together, we suggest that the local environment, water limitation and partner‐preference between trees and their associated fungi, influence fungal community composition across the range of P. menziesii. We conclude that while fungal communities occurring near P. menziesii are dominated by homogenizing selection, the role of neutral processes still has a minor influence on community assembly and may be important in spatially isolated communities and those with strong gradients of fungal diversity.
Dynamics of the politico‐administrative conflicts of resource control in Nigeria: Exploring the oil politics of who gets what, when, and how
Authors: Onah Celestine Chijioke , Asadu Ikechukwu , Amujiri Benjamin
Published: May 2022

For their survival, humans have always depended upon natural resources that are scarce and unevenly distributed across the globe. The constantly increasing value of crude oil has provoked individuals, groups, nations, and governments to fight for ownership and control over it, leading to clashes of interests that often culminate in violent conflicts. A model of politics–value–interest–interactions and relationships was developed to analyze the conflicting political environment surrounding oil‐dependency in Nigeria. Data were gathered from secondary sources and analyzed using the contextual‐descriptive method. The findings demonstrate that conflict triggered by “oil politics” in Nigeria is a result of political class manipulations, marginalization, and lack of true federalism. The study suggests a policy change in line with the tenets of true federalism that will enable individual states to obtain greater control over their resources. This will also ensure sustainable development in the Nigeria oil sector that is currently riddled with contention and strife.
A pilot study on the effect of formulation and individual muscle mass on vitamin C absorption in randomized clinical study
Authors: Vu Kiet Tan , Kim Jeong‐Eun , Cho In‐Ho , Park Noh‐Hwan , Kim Jong‐Kyu , Chun Yoon‐Seok , Koo Young‐Tae , Lee Sang‐Hun , Paik Dong‐Hyun , Shim Soon‐Mi
Published: May 2022

The current study investigated that the vitamin C absorption in plasma depends on the individual muscle mass and the formulation including drinks (Vita 500), capsules, and tablets by using a randomized and double‐blind clinical study. The volunteers were divided into two groups that depended on their muscle mass, including those whose muscle mass was greater than 40% (40%) and less than 40% muscle mass (<40%). Levels of vitamin C in blood plasma was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography by ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV). The existing HPLC method was modified according to lab conditions but maintained a constantly low pH sample reduction procedure. The analytical method validated stability, linearity, recovery, reliability, and accuracy. The vitamin C absorption was the highest at 120 min after ingesting Vita 500 (21.47 ± 15.99 µmol/L). It was higher in the group that has more than 40% muscle mass compared to other formulations, such as tablets and capsules. The results from the current study indicate that vitamin C formulations differently affect the vitamin C absorption, and its effect depends on the muscle mass. As the results, liquid type vitamin C formulations could enhance vitamin C absorption, which resulted in an improvement of vitamin C absorption according to muscle mass.

Practical Application

The results of this study may recommend using vitamin C supplementation as liquid type. It may also provide evidence that people with higher muscle mass can absorb vitamin C more efficiently.
Water‐Use Data in the United States: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Marston Landon T. , Abdallah Adel M. , Bagstad Kenneth J. , Dickson Kerim , Glynn Pierre , Larsen Sara G. , Melton Forrest S. , Onda Kyle , Painter Jaime A. , Prairie James , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Rushforth Richard R. , Senay Gabriel B. , Shaffer Kimberly
Published: May 2022

In the United States, greater attention has been given to developing water supplies and quantifying available waters than determining who uses water, how much they withdraw and consume, and how and where water use occurs. As water supplies are stressed due to an increasingly variable climate, changing land‐use, and growing water needs, greater consideration of the demand side of the water balance equation is essential. Data about the spatial and temporal aspects of water use for different purposes are now critical to long‐term water supply planning and resource management. We detail the current state of water‐use data, the major stakeholders involved in their collection and applications, and the challenges in obtaining high‐quality nationally consistent data applicable to a range of scales and purposes. Opportunities to improve access, use, and sharing of water‐use data are outlined. We cast a vision for a world‐class national water‐use data product that is accessible, timely, and spatially detailed. Our vision will leverage the strengths of existing local, state, and federal agencies to facilitate rapid and informed decision‐making, modeling, and science for water resources. To inform future decision‐making regarding water supplies and uses, we must coordinate efforts to substantially improve our capacity to collect, model, and disseminate water‐use data.
Laser‐based refractive surgery techniques to treat myopia in adults. An overview of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Peñarrocha‐Oltra Sonia , Soto‐Peñaloza Rebeca , Alonso‐Arroyo Adolfo , Vidal‐Infer Antonio , Pascual‐Segarra Javier
Published: May 2022

Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses (MAs) are of great importance for basing clinical decisions. However, misleading interpretations may result when informed decisions rest on biased review papers with methodological issues. To evaluate which treatment is optimal, an overview was made of SRs and MAs to establish the quality and certainty of meta‐evidence published on the efficacy of laser‐based refractive surgery techniques for treating myopia in adults. A search was made in five databases and was updated using Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feed appliances up to April 2021; SRs with or without MAs were included. Methodological quality was appraised using the AMSTAR‐2 tool. The best available reviews were summarized using the GRADE approach. The corrected covered area (CCA) was used to determine the degree of over‐representation of publications. The risk of bias of the primary studies was disclosed visually. Thirty‐six studies published between 2003 and 2021 were included. Twenty SRs (56%) were conducted in China. The most studied comparisons were SMILE versus FS‐LASIK (19%) and FS‐LASIK versus MM‐LASIK (11%). Of the 251 overlapping index publications, 165 were unique (CCA = 0.015%), representing a negligible risk of skewed reporting. The AMSTAR‐2 tool showed most SRs to have critically low or low quality. Nine reviews presented moderate quality. The GRADE approach of the 41 a priori outcomes evidenced critically low and low certainty of evidence. Only the spherical equivalent refraction changes at 12 months between LASEK and PRK showed moderate certainty of evidence, favouring PRK (mean difference 0.06, 95%CI [−0.02 to 0.14], I2 = 0%; p ≥ 0.05). Index trials among less biased reviews are prone to selection, performance and reporting bias. The appraised techniques exhibit comparable results in terms of efficacy. There is moderate certainty of evidence in favour of the use of PRK over LASEK in terms of the spherical equivalent refraction error changes at 1 year of follow‐up. Most appraised SRs presented methodological flaws in critical domains, resulting in a low to critically low certainty of evidence after GRADE appraisal. Therefore, investigators need to study and compare the different laser‐based refractive techniques to provide better evidence‐based medicine. Further well‐designed, high‐quality clinical trials and SRs are needed to reappraise the current findings.
Preterm birth rates were slightly lower in Denmark during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with the previous 4 years
Authors: Mølholm Hansen Bo , Cueto Heidi , Padkaer Petersen Jesper , Zachariassen Gitte , Sønderby Christensen Pia , Breindahl Morten , Schiøler Kesmodel Ulrik , Brink Henriksen Tine
Published: May 2022

Aim

Our aim was to investigate the rates of preterm births, live births and stillbirths in Denmark during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This was a national, cross‐sectional registry‐based study that used the Danish Newborn Quality database, which covers all births in Denmark. The proportions of preterm births were compared between the COVID‐19 pandemic period of 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 and the preceding 4‐year pre‐pandemic period.

Results

We studied 60 323 and 244 481 newborn infants from the pandemic and pre‐pandemic periods, respectively. The proportion of preterm live births and stillbirths declined slightly, from 6.29% during the pre‐pandemic period to 6.02% during the pandemic period. This corresponded to a relative risk (RR) of 0.96, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.93–0.99 during the pandemic. The RRs for extremely preterm, very preterm and moderately preterm infants were 0.88 (95% CI 0.76–1.02), 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–1.02) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.93–1.01), respectively.

Conclusion

This comparative study showed a small reduction in just over 4%, from 6.29 to 6.02% in the proportion of all preterm births during the pandemic period, compared with the previous four pandemic‐free years. There were no differences between subcategories of preterm births.
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for recurrent obturator hernia initially treated by open mesh plug repair: A case report with video
Authors: Doden Kenta , Yoshimura Takahiro , Shibata Shiori , Kimura Karin , Iwaki Yoshitaka , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Kato Hideaki , Watanabe Toru
Published: May 2022

An 80‐year‐old woman presented to our emergency department with vomiting which had begun half a day prior to presentation. She had undergone open mesh plug repair for a right obturator hernia 1 year prior to presentation. Computed tomography detected recurrence of the right obturator hernia. Since intestinal viability was maintained, manual reduction of the incarcerated intestine was performed. The patient was admitted to our department to monitor delayed intestinal perforation. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for obturator hernia was performed 5 days after admission. A self‐fixating mesh was placed over the obturator hernia defect and femoral ring without tacking. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 6 without postoperative complications. At the 4‐month follow‐up, no signs of hernia recurrence or neuropathy were observed. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for recurrent obturator hernia status post‐open mesh plug repair by using self‐fixating mesh is a safe and suitable procedure.
Who prescribes quetiapine in Denmark?
Authors: Højlund Mikkel , Rasmussen Lotte , Olesen Morten , Munk‐Olsen Trine , Pottegård Anton
Published: May 2022

The second‐generation antipsychotic quetiapine is commonly used off‐label for its anxiolytic and hypnotic properties. However, quetiapine is associated with problematic side‐effects. We used Danish Medicinal Product Statistics and a 20% random sample of the Danish population's prescription fills (2001–2020) to describe the utilization of quetiapine and proportion of various prescriber types (general practitioner [GP], specialist in private practice, hospital physician and other prescribers) both in connection to first‐time and subsequent prescriptions. In 2020, 92% of all quetiapine was dispensed outside hospitals and the average daily dispensed quantity of quetiapine per user corresponded to 100 mg/user/d. A GP issued 53% of first‐time prescriptions and 75% of subsequent prescriptions for quetiapine in 2020. The proportion of quetiapine prescriptions issued by GPs varied by age group—from 14% among 0–17‐year‐olds to 93% among the ≥80‐year‐olds. Future initiatives on the rational use of quetiapine and related drugs, especially among adults, should target GPs.
Teacher–student relationships and adolescents’ school satisfaction: Behavioural engagement as a mechanism of change
Authors: Jiang Xu , Shi Dexin , Fang Lue , Ferraz Raul Corrêa
Published: May 2022

Background

Teacher–student relationships have been linked to various aspects of students’ school functioning, including social‐emotional well‐being in school, but the underlying mechanisms need more investigation.

Aims

In this study, we analysed longitudinal data to test if students’ classroom behavioural engagement was a potential mechanism of change that explained how teacher–student relationships affect student school satisfaction.

Sample

We used an archival dataset with a sample of seventh graders (ages 11–14, Mage = 12.7 year) in a middle school in the Southeastern United States.

Methods

Adolescents completed self‐report surveys across three waves over the course of 18 months.

Results

Longitudinal structural equation modelling analyses revealed that teacher–student relationships were positively associated with positive classroom engagement behaviours and school satisfaction, respectively, at each time, and positive classroom behaviours at Time 2 fully mediated the longitudinal association between teacher–student relationships (Time 1) and school satisfaction (Time 3).

Conclusions

Taken together, results suggested that fostering positive teacher‐student relationships to increase students’ positive classroom behaviours could be an effective pathway to promote students’ satisfaction with school. The applications of the results in educators’ and psychologists’ work, such as consultation and trainings with teachers, are discussed.
Frugal entrepreneurship: Resource mobilization in resource‐constrained environments
Authors: Hossain Mokter
Published: May 2022

Frugal entrepreneurship (FE) is a recent pursuit that has evolved from the frugal innovation (FI) concept. How frugal entrepreneurs mobilize resources is both interesting and novel, yet it remains an underresearched area. The objective of this study is to explore how frugal entrepreneurs mobilize resources at the grassroots level of emerging markets to realize their innovation and entrepreneurial aspiration. Based on six cases of frugal enterprise, this study contributes to the FE literature in particular and FI more generally. We reveal the various resources that frugal entrepreneurs mobilize and how they mobilize them in three broad categories, namely, human, social and financial. Unlike other entrepreneurs, frugal entrepreneurs usually possess manual work skills, and they help each other with their technical, financial and other knowhow. They understand their context and culture and consider them deeply when developing frugal solutions. Indeed, frugal entrepreneurs integrate the culture and context into their innovation process, because they themselves are embedded in the same society. Patents do not help entrepreneurs to protect their innovations, however, and they need to rely more on informal rather than formal finance.
Reconstructing Recognizable 3D Face Shapes based on 3D Morphable Models
Authors: Jiang Diqiong , Jin Yiwei , Zhang Fang‐Lue , Lai Yu‐Kun , Deng Risheng , Tong Ruofeng , Tang Min
Published: May 2022

Many recent works have reconstructed distinctive 3D face shapes by aggregating shape parameters of the same identity and separating those of different people based on parametric models (e.g. 3D morphable models (3DMMs)). However, despite the high accuracy in the face recognition task using these shape parameters, the visual discrimination of face shapes reconstructed from those parameters remains unsatisfactory. Previous works have not answered the following research question: Do discriminative shape parameters guarantee visual discrimination in represented 3D face shapes? This paper analyses the relationship between shape parameters and reconstructed shape geometry, and proposes a novel shape identity‐aware regularization (SIR) loss for shape parameters, aiming at increasing discriminability in both the shape parameter and shape geometry domains. Moreover, to cope with the lack of training data containing both landmark and identity annotations, we propose a network structure and an associated training strategy to leverage mixed data containing either identity or landmark labels. In addition, since face recognition accuracy does not mean the recognizability of reconstructed face shapes from the shape parameters, we propose the SIR metric to measure the discriminability of face shapes. We compare our method with existing methods in terms of the reconstruction error, visual discriminability, and face recognition accuracy of the shape parameters and SIR metric. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The code will be released at https://github.com/a686432/SIR.
Microvascular disease increases the risk of lower limb amputation – A Western Danish cohort study
Authors: Olesen Kevin Kris Warnakula , Anand Sonia , Thim Troels , Gyldenkerne Christine , Maeng Michael
Published: May 2022

Background

Peripheral artery disease is the leading cause of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. Microvascular disease (MVD) increases the risk of lower limb amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We estimated the risk of lower limb amputation associated with MVD and PAD in a Danish cohort.

Methods

We included every resident without previous lower limb amputation in Western Denmark aged 50–75 years on 1 January 2012 and followed them for 7 years. Participants were stratified by MVD and PAD. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios of lower limb amputation using individuals with no MVD and no PAD as reference. We also provide a sex‐specific analysis and estimated the population attributable fraction of the male sex.

Results

We included 933,597 individuals, of whom 16,741 had MVD only, 18,217 had PAD only and 1,827 had MVD and PAD. Both MVD only (adjusted hazard ratio 3.36, 95% CI 2.98–3.73) and PAD only (adjusted hazard ratio 7.32, 95% CI 6.62–8.08) increased the risk of lower limb amputation separately. Individuals with MVD and PAD had the highest risk of amputation (adjusted hazard ratio 12.27, 95% CI 10.43–14.80). Men had an increased absolute risk of amputation. The population attributable fraction associated with the male sex was 31%.

Conclusions

Microvascular disease and PAD are independently associated with a threefold and sevenfold increase of amputation risk, respectively. Combined, they had an additive effect constituting a 12‐fold amputation risk. The amputation risk was higher in men than women, and 3 in 10 amputations were attributed to the male sex.
Conceptualizing accountability as an integrated system of relationships, governance, and information
Authors: Pilon Marc , Brouard François
Published: May 2022

This article proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the salient dimensions of accountability. It is based on an extensive review of the literature and draws on systems theory to develop an accountability system that can be applied to a wide range of organizations and contexts. It shows, through the accountability system presented, that organizations manage their accountability through stakeholder relationships, governance mechanisms, and information strategies, which are based on underlying values and purposes. This conceptual framework contributes to accountability theory by bridging different yet related concepts and clarifying the terminology used in the literature. Practically, conceptualizing accountability as an interconnected system can help organizations operationalize their accountability management practices. A hospital case study is used to demonstrate the applicability of the accountability system.
Transarterial chemoembolization plus a PD‐1 inhibitor with or without lenvatinib for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Yan‐Jun , Wang Kang , Yu Hong‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Wei , Cheng Yu‐Qiang , Wang Wei‐Jun , Feng Jin‐Kai , Bo Meng‐Han , Qin Ying‐Yi , Zheng Yi‐Tao , Shan Yun‐Feng , Zhou Li‐Ping , Zhai Jian , Cheng Shu‐Qun
Published: May 2022

Aim

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with a PD‐1 inhibitor and TACE combined with a PD‐1 inhibitor and lenvatinib have recently been reported as promising treatments to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aims to compare the efficacy of these two treatments.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted, and patients were recruited from two centers in China. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared, and the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were analyzed to assess safety.

Results

The median follow‐up for the entire cohort was 11.4 months. Of the 103 patients included in this study, 56 received triple therapy, and 47 received doublet therapy. PFS was significantly higher in the triple therapy group than in the doublet therapy group (mPFS 22.5 vs. 14.0 months, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in terms of OS (P = 0.001). The ORR and DCR were also better in the triple therapy group (64.3% vs. 38.3%, P = 0.010; 85.7% vs. 57.4%, P = 0.002). The most common AEs in the triple therapy group were decreased albumin (55.3%), decreased platelet count (51.8%) and hypertension (44.6%).

Conclusions

The combination of TACE with a PD‐1 inhibitor and lenvatinib in patients with BCLC stage B HCC might result in significantly improved clinical outcomes with a manageable safety profile compared with TACE with a PD‐1 inhibitor.
Domestic and family violence knowledge and skills: A private mental health service survey of nurses, allied health, and medical clinicians
Authors: Fisher Caroline A. , Jones Sue , Smyth Chloe Brickell , Stokes Lisa , Cairns Gaylyn , Withiel Toni D.
Published: May 2022

Mental healthcare services have an important role to play in recognizing and responding to domestic and family violence (DFV). This study aimed to evaluate staff knowledge, confidence, and clinical skills in family violence in an Australian private mental healthcare service. The methodology utilized was a cross‐sectional, online survey of clinical staff. In total, 93 clinical staff participated (51 nursing, 37 allied health, and 5 medical), with a 29% response rate. Most clinicians reported working with patients who had disclosed experiencing family violence, but the majority of clinicians (63%) had received no training in the area, with nurses reporting the lowest training levels. Less than 20% reported definitive knowledge of important clinical skills including key family violence indicators, asking about family violence, and responding to disclosures. However, qualitative text response data indicated that many clinicians would provide responses that encompassed best‐practice recommendations. Overall, the results indicated suboptimal clinician family violence knowledge, with further training needed, particularly in nursing staff. Stronger knowledge and skills in social workers and psychologists, relative to nurses, paralleled existing research in a medical hospital sample. The data from the study will be utilized to inform the implementation of a hospital‐wide quality and service improvement project in the area of DFV clinical response.
The relationship between borderline personality disorder and occupational participation: An integrative review
Authors: Larcombe Enara , Müller Amanda
Published: May 2022

This integrative review explores the impact of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomology and behaviours on occupational capacity, participation, and sustainability. The disorder has also been associated with lower education levels, higher levels of attrition in tertiary education populations, and low occupational participation and employment rates. Personality traits and symptomology have been found to substantially detract from employability. Articles were identified from CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO/Ovid, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. The Joanna Briggs’ Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the quality of evidence, and inductive thematic analysis used to extract main themes. Four themes regarding ‘barriers’, ‘enablers’, ‘treatment’, and ‘benefits’ emerged amongst the 11 eligible articles. The negative symptomology was a barrier to occupational participation, and people with BPD engaged in self‐stigmatizing and non‐disclosure. However, the positive symptomology such as boldness and honesty were enablers. Treatment was found to be a key element, and occupational engagement was also found to have positive effectives. The evidence indicates that employment improved the symptoms, and a long‐term treatment plan is a key element. Some upskilling of mental health workers may be required, including a focus on possible positive symptomology as a way of dealing with the stigmatization. Some awareness raising of the disorder, including for employers, may be needed, with education programmes that deal with the stigmatization. Future funding should focus on specialized programmes targeting unemployment for this group.
Prevalence and burden of skin diseases among the elderly in Singapore: a 15‐year clinical cohort study
Authors: Yew Y.W. , Kuan A.H.Y. , George P.P. , Zhao X. , Tan S.H.
Published: May 2022

Background

Populations around the world are rapidly ageing. The profile of skin diseases in the elderly is likely to present unique demands on the healthcare system.

Objectives

To provide current data on the burden of skin diseases in Singaporean patients and identify differences in the pattern of skin diseases between elderly patients and the rest of the population.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 858 117 patients who attended the National Skin Centre between 2004 and 2018. Prevalence was calculated by grouping International Classification of Diseases codes into different categories of skin conditions based on Global Burden of Disease and American Academy of Dermatology classifications. Years lost to disability (YLDs) and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated to report the morbidity and mortality of skin diseases. Differences of each skin condition between age groups were compared.

Results

The three most prevalent dermatoses across all age groups were dermatitis (33.3%), acne vulgaris (8.3%) and viral skin diseases (7.5%). The top three most common skin conditions among the elderly were dermatitis (37.7%), viral skin diseases (6.2%) and fungal skin diseases (4.3%). Decubitus ulcers, keratinocyte carcinomas and scabies represented a significant proportion of YLD per 100 000 in the elderly (P < 0.001). Malignant melanomas, keratinocyte carcinomas, cellulitis, pyoderma and decubitus ulcers contributed to high DALYs in patients aged 70–80 years.

Conclusion

Aligning health systems with specific healthcare needs will reduce the disproportionately high burden of skin disease observed in the elderly.
A systematic review onCOVID‐19 vaccination and cosmetic filler reactions: A focus on case studies and original articles
Authors: Kalantari Yasamin , Aryanian Zeinab , Mirahmadi Seyed‐Mohamad‐Sadegh , Alilou Sanam , Hatami Parvaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: May 2022

Background

Tissue fillers are among the most popular cosmetic procedures performed and notably, cases of filler reactions after COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported.

Objective

The objective was to determine the characteristics of patients with filler reaction after COVID‐19 vaccination and address several considerations that have to be taken into practice.

Methods

A PRISMA compliant systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases for articles published from inception up to October 21, 2021.

Results

Out of 106 initially retrieved articles, four of them were included in our study, and a total number of 13 cases were analyzed. In this study, we found that all of the patients who developed delayed‐type reaction (DTR) following COVID‐19 vaccination were middle‐aged women without any known history of allergy to foods or drugs. All patients had a history of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in their head and neck and demonstrated symptoms particularly swelling, from <1 day up to 10 days after the first or second doses of vaccines. Lisinopril, hyaluronidase, and corticosteroids seemed to have good results in management.

Conclusion

Although rare, DTR to fillers after COVID‐19 vaccination can happen. Physicians should be aware of the pathogenesis and management of this phenomenon.
Turkish adaptation of contraceptive knowledge assessment scale and its validity and reliability study in Turkey
Authors: Eryilmaz Mustafa E. , Kuş Celal , Gümüştakim Raziye Ş.
Published: May 2022

Aim

Our study aims to adapt the “Contraceptive Knowledge Assessment‐CKA” questionnaire which is a comprehensive foreign scale to Turkish due to the lack of a scale that is adequately developed in our country regarding contraceptive methods and then to conduct the validity and reliability study of the questionnaire by applying it.

Methods

Our study was conducted with individuals who voluntarily participated in the questionnaire and were over 18 years old between April and July 2020. Our study was a methodological one and was designed as a validity and reliability study. Our study included factor analyses for validity analysis, Cronbach alpha, item‐total correlation, test–retest correlation analysis for reliability analysis. In our study, statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05 and SPSS statistical package program was employed for calculations.

Results

In our study, Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin's value was 0.86, and Bartlett's result was p < 0.05. Cronbach alpha was found as 0.86. The correlation analysis of test–retest points was 0.975 (97.5%) with a p‐value 0.000, there was a significant difference.

Conclusions

It was concluded that our study has high reliability and high validity as a result of the questionnaires and analyses performed in this study on the Turkish adaptation of the “CKA” scale developed by Haynes et al.
Dietary fumonisin may compromise the nutritive value of feed and distort copper and zinc digestibility and retention in weaned piglets
Authors: Zeebone Y. Y. , Kovács M. , Bóta B. , Zdeněk V. , Taubner T. , Halas V.
Published: May 2022

Fumonisins (FUM) have been reported to impede gut functioning in pigs. However, investigations into the possible effect on mineral metabolism are limited. Thus, the trial studied the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention of dietary nitrogen and minerals, intestinal architecture, digestive enzymes activity and heat‐shock protein 70 (Hsp70) activity. Eighteen weaned piglets of 7 weeks old were assigned to three groups and their feed either contained 0, 15 or 30 mg FUM/kg for 21 days. ATTD and retention of dietary N and minerals were measured in a 5‐ day long balance trial between Day 17 and Day 21. The digestible and metabolisable energy (DE and ME) content of the feeds were also determined. The body weights, cumulative feed intake, relative organ weights, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal morphology were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatments. The DE content was significantly lower (p < 0.05) when the feed contained 15 mg/kg FUM, but no statistically reliable treatment effect was confirmed for ME content. Dietary FUM significantly lowered (p < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca and P but not (p > 0.05) N, K, Mg and Na. The relative retention rate of N, Ca, P, K, Mg and Na in all groups were not impacted (p > 0.05) by treatments. The ATTD and relative retention of Cu and Zn were remarkably (p < 0.05) lower in piglets fed FUM‐contaminated feed. In addition, the expression of Hsp70 activity in the liver was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the highest treatment group. These findings suggest that a dietary dose of 15 or 30 mg FUM/kg diet distorts the nutritive value of the mixed feed, results in poor ATTD and retention rates of Zn and Cu, and elevate Hsp70 activity in the liver without altering intestinal architecture or digestive enzymes' activity in weaned piglets.
Linguistic and Artistic Representations of Trauma: The Contribution of Pedagogies of Discomfort in Language Education
Authors: PORTO MELINA , ZEMBYLAS MICHALINOS
Published: May 2022

This article aims to contribute to recent discussions on pedagogy of pain in world language education. Drawing on the limitations of language to represent and express trauma and pain, we foreground the value of pedagogies at the intersection of language, art, and trauma. It is our contention that a linguistic perspective in and of itself is insufficient and needs to be supported by artistic and multimodal forms of expression as those reinforced by the arts. We describe a study that addressed trauma in a language education context and show how linguistic and nonlinguistic representations of trauma and pain can be productively engaged in formal educational settings using the notion of pedagogy of discomfort. We conclude by highlighting that engaging with the limits of the (un)sayable linked to traumatic and painful events and experiences complementing linguistic with nonlinguistic means can benefit applied linguistics and world language education by bringing attention to the embodied and affective complexities emerging from engagement with trauma.
High‐intensity interval exercise versus moderate‐intensity continuous exercise on postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khalafi Mousa , Mojtahedi Shima , Ostovar Alireza , Rosenkranz Sara K. , Korivi Mallikarjuna
Published: May 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the effects of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) as compared to moderate‐intensity exercise (MIE) and a control condition (CON) on postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies until October 2021. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIE versus MIE and HIIE versus CON. A total of 30 studies comprising 36 intervention arms and involving 467 participants (350 adults) were included in the meta‐analysis. HIIE reduced PPG and PPI when compared with CON. Based on subgroup analyses, reductions in PPG and PPI were significant for both children and adult participants, as well as for healthy participants and participants with metabolic disorders, with larger effects in those with metabolic disorders. There were no significant differences between HIIE and MIE for PPG or PPI. However, when comparing studies matched for total work performed, HIIE was more effective for decreasing PPG as compared with MIE. HIIE is effective for reducing PPG and PPI in both children and adult participants, particularly in those with metabolic disorders. In addition, HIIE has superior effects for reducing PPG as compared with MIE, when equivalent work was performed at both intensity levels.
Shared genetic components between metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: Genetic correlation using multipopulation data sets
Authors: Aoki Rei , Saito Takeo , Ninomiya Kohei , Shimasaki Ayu , Ashizawa Takuma , Ito Kenta , Ikeda Masashi , Iwata Nakao
Published: May 2022

Aim

The genetic relationship between schizophrenia (SCZ) and other nonpsychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. We examined the shared genetic components between these disorders based on multipopulation data sets.

Methods

We used two data sets for East Asian (EAS) and European (EUR) samples. SCZ data was based on the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Asia with our own genome‐wide association study for EAS and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for EUR. Nonpsychiatric data (20 binary traits [mainly nonpsychiatric complex disorders] and 34 quantitative traits [mainly laboratory examinations and physical characteristics]) were obtained from Biobank Japan and UK Biobank for EAS and EUR samples, respectively. To evaluate genetic correlation, linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis was utilized with further meta‐analysis for each result from EAS and EUR samples to obtain robust evidence. Subsequent mendelian randomization analysis was also included to examine the causal effect.

Results

A significant genetic correlation between SCZ and several metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits was detected in the combined samples (meta‐analysis between EAS and EUR data) (body mass index [rg = −0.10, q‐value = 1.0 × 10−9], high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol [rg = 0.072, q‐value = 2.9 × 10−3], blood sugar [rg = −0.068, q‐value = 1.4 × 10−2], triglycerides [rg = −0.052, q‐value = 2.4 × 10−2], systolic blood pressure [rg = −0.054, q‐value = 3.5 × 10−2], and C‐reactive protein [rg = −0.076, q‐value = 7.8 × 10−5]. However, no causal relationship on SCZ susceptibility was detected for these traits based on the mendelian randomization analysis.

Conclusion

Our results indicate shared genetic components between SCZ and MetS traits and C‐reactive protein. Specifically, we found it interesting that the correlation between MetS traits and SCZ was the opposite of that expected from clinical studies: this genetic study suggests that SCZ susceptibility was associated with reduced MetS. This implied that MetS in patients with SCZ was not associated with genetic components but with environmental factors, including antipsychotics, lifestyle changes, poor diet, lack of exercise, and living conditions.
From data to knowledge – big data needs stewardship, a plant phenomics perspective
Authors: Arend Daniel , Psaroudakis Dennis , Memon Junaid Altaf , Rey‐Mazón Elena , Schüler Danuta , Szymanski Jedrzej Jakub , Scholz Uwe , Junker Astrid , Lange Matthias
Published: May 2022

The research data life cycle from project planning to data publishing is an integral part of current research. Until the last decade, researchers were responsible for all associated phases in addition to the actual research and were assisted only at certain points by IT or bioinformaticians. Starting with advances in sequencing, the automation of analytical methods in all life science fields, including in plant phenotyping, has led to ever‐increasing amounts of ever more complex data. The tasks associated with these challenges now often exceed the expertise of and infrastructure available to scientists, leading to an increased risk of data loss over time. The IPK Gatersleben has one of the world's largest germplasm collections and two decades of experience in crop plant research data management. In this article we show how challenges in modern, data‐driven research can be addressed by data stewards. Based on concrete use cases, data management processes and best practices from plant phenotyping, we describe which expertise and skills are required and how data stewards as an integral actor can enhance the quality of a necessary digital transformation in progressive research.
Long‐term survival of dogs with stage 4 oral malignant melanoma treated with anti‐canine PD‐1 therapeutic antibody: A follow‐up case report
Authors: Igase Masaya , Inanaga Sakuya , Tani Kenji , Nakaichi Munekazu , Sakai Yusuke , Sakurai Masashi , Kato Masahiro , Tsukui Toshihiro , Mizuno Takuya
Published: May 2022

A monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) is one of the most promising treatments for human cancers. Clinical studies in humans demonstrated that the anti‐PD‐1 antibody provides a long‐lasting tumour response. Previously, we established an anti‐canine PD‐1 therapeutic antibody (ca‐4F12‐E6), and the pilot clinical study demonstrated that the antibody was effective in dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM). However, two OMM cases were still undergoing treatment when the pilot study was published. Here, we describe the long‐term follow‐up of those two cases. Although both cases showed long‐term survival with complete response (CR), the tumour response differed; the effect onset was slow in one case and a durable response was observed in the second case even after treatment discontinuation. Secondary malignant tumours occurred during treatment in both cases. This follow‐up study revealed that ca‐4F12‐E6 maintains CR in dogs for more than 1 year. In addition, the pattern of tumour response was unique compared to conventional therapy. These results indicate that new evaluation criteria for tumour response may be necessary for immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. Long‐term follow‐up is necessary regardless of the short‐term treatment responsiveness.