bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammar is the Key
Authors: Chapman Don
Published: January 2021

Ælfric, a tenth-century English monk, produced a grammar, glossary, and colloquy to help oblates learn Latin. His grammar, as the first Latin grammar written in English, reflects the emphases on both grammar and bilingual education from his own training. He adapted his grammar in several ways to help beginners learn to read Latin and prepare for advanced language study, such as using English instead of Latin as the medium of instruction, including full paradigms, organizing the discussion around declensions and conjugations, using familiar specimen terms, providing simple explanations, etymologizing the grammatical terminology, and using story-like examples. These features must have been appreciated, since Ælfric’s grammar became one of the most popular elementary grammars in eleventh-century England.
Quelle grammaire française pour les étrangers , du seizième au dix-huitième siècle?
Authors: Raby Valérie
Published: January 2021

French grammatical texts from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century are heterogeneous and it would be misleading to analyse them along facile oppositions such as practical vs speculative or theoretical grammars; first- vs second-language grammars. A proper understanding of the functions and unity of these texts – and, more specifically, of grammars explicitly aimed at a foreign audience – needs to take into account the long-term evolution of the grammatisation of the French language. While the general framework of French grammars remains remarkably stable along this period, their pedagogical scope, from the second half of the seventeenth century onward, becomes redefined by the split between ‘general’ grammar and ‘particular’ grammar (i.e. single-language oriented grammar).
‘Language turned back on itself’
Authors: Walmsley John
Published: January 2021

Thanks to the vicissitudes of history (the Norman Conquest 1066) it is possible to trace the emergence of the English metalanguage in an unbroken tradition from its beginnings in the late fourteenth century down to the present day, under (almost) laboratory conditions. Concentrating on core areas of the grammar, this paper outlines the growth of the English metalanguage, and the internal and external forces which helped to shape it. Briefly, the terms of linguistic description were absorbed into a wider, centuries-old tradition of universal grammar in which many of the categories of general or theoretical linguistics survive today. These provide the materials on which the creators of syllabuses and writers of textbooks draw in their work.
The Politics of Social Media Manipulation
Authors: Rogers Richard , Niederer Sabine , Torres Guillen , Groen Maarten , De Gaetano Carlo , Colombo Gabriele , Hagen Sal , Jokubauskaitė Emilija , Tuters Marc , Peeters Stijn
Published: January 2021

Disinformation and so-called fake news are contemporary phenomena with rich histories. Disinformation, or the willful introduction of false information for the purposes of causing harm, recalls infamous foreign interference operations in national media systems. Outcries over fake news, or dubious stories with the trappings of news, have coincided with the introduction of new media technologies that disrupt the publication, distribution and consumption of news -- from the so-called rumour-mongering broadsheets centuries ago to the blogosphere recently. Designating a news organization as fake, or der Lügenpresse, has a darker history, associated with authoritarian regimes or populist bombast diminishing the reputation of 'elite media' and the value of inconvenient truths. In a series of empirical studies, using digital methods and data journalism, the authors inquire into the extent to which social media have enabled the penetration of foreign disinformation operations, the widespread publication and spread of dubious content as well as extreme commentators with considerable followings attacking mainstream media as fake.
Dutch political Instagram
Authors: Colombo Gabriele , De Gaetano Carlo
Published: January 2021

The research examines junk news, followers of problematic sources as well as artificial amplification on Instagram during the 2019 Dutch provincial and European parliamentary elections. First, this study looks at the circulation of junk content in high-engagement political spaces on Instagram. Second, it takes up the question of the mainstreaming of Dutch junk news providers by looking at the intersection between the followers of Dutch political entities and those of junk news sources. Third, it looks at the presence of artificial engagement tactics (specifically fake followers) employed by Dutch political entities and news sources on Instagram. In all it was found that Dutch political Instagram is a relatively healthy space, but not for all issues or political entities.
Dutch junk news on Reddit and 4chan/pol
Authors: Hagen Sal , Jokubauskaitė Emilija
Published: January 2021

This chapter investigates the presence of junk news on Reddit and 4chan’s /pol/ subforum, spaces often described as “alternative” owing to their lower user numbers and subcultural ethos compared to the likes of Facebook. We first delineate Dutch spheres within the two spaces over multiple years, finding a rising number of posts within Reddit’s Dutch sphere and a stagnant yet non-negligible number of Dutch posters on 4chan/pol/. We then categorise and analyse what URLs are shared to gauge the presence of junk news domains. We find that Reddit seems fairly resilient against the presence of disinformation or other forms of junk news, save for the appearance of some hyperpartisan sources and incidental malicious users. 4chan/pol/ shows a somewhat more problematic situation, returning a larger presence of (foreign) junk news sources.
Queer Visual Activism in South Africa
Authors: Lewin Tessa
Published: January 2021

While the form of visual activism currently being developed in the United
States and Western Europe is more commonly linked to street protests or
activist campaigning and is often explicitly anti-capitalist, in South Africa
visual activism has a different epistemological history and contemporary
form. In the South African context, much visual activism is closely linked
to the fine art market and its associated institutions. This is exemplified
by the queer black South African photographer Zanele Muholi. Going
beyond the body of work available on Muholi, however, this chapter
uses the works of other South African artists, namely FAKA and Robert
Hamblin, a fine art photographer, to explore visual activism and the way
in which it complicates/broadens conventional conceptions of activism.
The Use of Visibility in Contentious Events in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hayward Katy , Komarova Milena
Published: January 2021

Territorial space in Northern Ireland is often associated with certain
communal and political identities. This is vividly demonstrated by
traditional parades in local areas. Some parades become contentious
because they pass through localities associated with very different
communities. Often, contentious parades are met with protests, which
can become violent. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on the contentious
Protestant Orange Order parade through Ardoyne in North Belfast, we
interpret contentious events not just in the usual terms of territorial
struggles but as a quest for visibility. A focus on visibility as a field of
social action, through which territories are established and contested,
illuminates better the social relationships at work and the effects of
their contestation at their nexus.
Photography and Protest in Israel/Palestine : The Activestills Online Archive
Authors: Faulkner Simon
Published: January 2021

This chapter will explore two key ways that photography plays a role within
the aesthetics of protest. This will be done through a discussion of a small
number of photographs of political demonstrations selected from the online
archive of the Israel/Palestine-based photographic collective Activestills. The
photographs discussed in the first section of the chapter present evidence
of people carrying photographic images within demonstrations. While the
second section deals with examples of the how photography has been used
to document the immediate scene of protest for distant spectators. After
these discussions of particular examples from the archive, the chapter
concludes with a more speculative discussion of the Activestills archive itself.
Drones, Cinema, and Protest in Thailand
Authors: Viernes Noah
Published: January 2021

The drone is defined within the duality of indifference and depersonalization,
but also elevates a specific technology of seeing above
fluid expressions of collectivity. This chapter addresses the drone as a
mechanical device and figurative analogy of clarification that helped
to organize ideological divisions into an objective narrative of the 2014
military coup d’état in Thailand. To critique these droned hierarchies, I
draw upon Jacques Rancière’s conception of the ‘politics of aesthetics’ to
address independent Thai cinema as a regime of ‘fictionality’ where the
personalization of protest returns. The fictionality of Prapat Jiwarangsan
and Danaya Chulphuthipong, two Thai film-makers, reconfigures the
field of protest by extending its duration into an expanded realism of
post-coup oppression and resistance.
The Bishop and the Word: Isidore of Seville and the Production of Meaning
Authors: Castro Dolores
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines modes of exercising power in the early Middle Ages, focusing on the figure of the bishop in the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. It explores several aspects of the study and interpretation of the Bible during that period, with the aim of establishing the bishop’s role in the task of interpreting, communicating, and controlling the sacred message. The chapter focuses on the work of Isidore of Seville, bishop c. 600–636. It examines methods of reading, interpreting, and teaching biblical texts adopted and elaborated in Isidorian writings in order to assess the scope of the bishop’s authority, especially his role in the production of meaning and the construction of truth – two processes on which seventh-century episcopal power rested.
Freedom of the Press in China
Authors: Guo Yi
Published: January 2021

Western commentators have often criticized the state of press freedom in China, arguing that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restrictions and that its mass media remains under an authoritarian mode. Yet the history of press freedom in the Chinese context has received little examination. Unlike conventional historical accounts which narrate the institutional development of censorship and people’s resistance to arbitrary repression, Freedom of the Press in China: A Conceptual History, 1831-1949 is the first comprehensive study presenting the intellectual trajectory of press freedom. It sheds light on the transcultural transference and localization of the concept in modern Chinese history, spanning from its initial introduction in 1831 to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. By examining intellectuals’ thoughts, common people’s attitudes, and official opinions, along with the social-cultural factors that were involved in negotiating Chinese interpretations and practices in history, this book uncovers the dynamic and changing meanings of press freedom in modern China.
The Last Call for Press Freedom
Authors: Guo Yi
Published: January 2021

In the final years of the 1940s, China was to have its last chance to realize
press freedom. This chapter builds on Chapter 6, exploring the calls for
press freedom that emerged in the 1940s and that echoed changes in the
domestic and international situation. These calls were aimed at achieving
proponents’ own political interests rather than the ideal of press freedom
as a human right in itself. The motivations behind the Chinese Communist
Party’s advocacy of press freedom during those years are explored as
well as the fears that made many Nationalists wary of a truly free press.
‘Freedom of the press’ had become an instrumental concept used for
political purposes, where a free press was not the intended outcome.
Introduction
Authors: Lee Ooi Tan
Published: January 2021

This chapter lays out the origin of Buddhist revitalization in Malaysia.
It has attempted to reflect on the influence of colonization on the construction
of knowledge and understanding of well-defined religion (in
specific Buddhism) that subsequently affected how Buddhists interact with
traditional Chinese religion followers. The body of knowledge reviewed is
in the fields of colonization and Buddhism, Buddhist modernism, Chinese
religion studies, and Malaysian studies in terms of religious contestation
with Islam and Christian.
Remaking Chinese Buddhists
Authors: Lee Ooi Tan
Published: January 2021

The meaning of Buddhist revitalization for the Malaysian Chinese is
the major theme of Chapter 5. This chapter outlines Malaysian Chinese
society in using religious ‘reformism’ as a way to respond to societal
malaise as well as seeking a political exit option towards Islamic and
Malay supremacy. It is a soul-searching process for Malaysian Chinese.
The role of a prominent monk, Chi Chern, a second-generation Mahayana
Buddhism religious leader, is explored. Then the new social engagement
of Tzu Chi and Fo Guang Shan is discussed. The new religious, cultural
and political engagement which has encouraged transethnic solidarities
is an exit option for Malaysian Chinese.
Cardinal Adam Easton (c. 1330-1397)
Authors: Wendling Miriam , Greatrex Joan , Zutshi Patrick , Dennison Lynda , Gill Miriam , Havely Nick , Hutchison Ann M. , Bolgia Claudia , Zutshi Patrick
Published: January 2021

The varied career of Adam Easton (c.1330—1397) led him from Norwich Cathedral Priory to Oxford, Avignon and Rome. Not only a monk of the Benedictine Order, he was also a scholar, theologian, diplomat and cardinal, and his work reflects the breadth of this multifaceted background. This volume presents recent research on Easton’s oeuvre, his diplomacy and the books that accompanied him on his travels. Amongst the works addressed in this volume are Easton’s Defensorium ecclesiastice potestatis, his Defensorium Sanctae Birgittae and his Office for the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. Further evidence is also offered on his testimony during the Great Schism, on the dating of his copy of De pauperie Salvatoris, while two reassessments are made of his likeness, including his sepulchral monument at S. Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome and the Lutterworth wall painting. Finally, a catalogue of Easton’s important manuscript collection is also provided.
René’s growing influence during the war years, 1536-1553
Authors: Vester Matthew
Published: January 2021

In 1536, the Sabaudian lands were invaded by the Bernese and the French. René de Challant, as Marshal of Savoie, struggled to learn what was happening and how the Duke of Savoy wished him to respond. He eventually fell back to the Valle d’Aosta and oversaw its defensive efforts. Together with the Bishop of Aosta and an executive committee of the valley estates assembly (the Conseil des Commis), he preserved the valley’s devotion to the House of Savoy throughout the Franco-Swiss occupation of most of the Sabaudian lands. He continued to serve Charles III diplomatically over the course of the wars, while fighting with the Orléans-Longueville family over the sovereign status of Valangin.
René and Duke Emanuel Filibert
Authors: Vester Matthew
Published: January 2021

In 1553, Duke Emanuel Filibert succeeded his father and named René de Challant lieutenant general of his lands. Weeks later, René was captured by the French when they attacked Vercelli, and he spent the next two years trying to arrange for his release. In October 1555, he returned to Issogne and immediately took up diplomatic activity in the service of Emanuel Filibert and the Valle d’Aosta. He arranged for the marriage of his daughter Isabelle to the nephew of the Cardinal-Prince-Bishop of Trent and lost his second wife in 1558. In 1559, he oversaw the return of the western Sabaudian lands to their natural ruler. He married twice more prior to his death in 1565. Historians’ accounts of René’s life are surveyed.
The Challant political networks
Authors: Vester Matthew
Published: January 2021

The political networks of René de Challant were spatially diffused across what had been called the Lotharingian ‘Middle Kingdom’, reaching from northwestern Italy across the Alps into Savoie and the Swiss cantons, and, from there, northward to Lorraine and Flanders. René interacted with other leaders across this area as both a patron and a client and was assisted in his network by officers who sometimes served him for decades. To these, were added networks of ecclesiastical influence and circles of influence manipulated by his second wife, Mencia. These political relationships were maintained through complex strategies of information exchange and distribution and were simultaneously threatened and reinforced by René’s interactions with Sabaudian, French, and Imperial officers.
Lordship
Authors: Vester Matthew
Published: January 2021

René de Challant was the lord of lands some of which were well over 500 km apart from each other. This required a formidable organization of the practice of lordship, especially in the areas of revenue collection, account keeping, and the administration of justice. Valangin in particular, as a seigniory over which René was committed to demonstrating his sovereignty, demanded significant attention. René left detailed instructions concerning the administration of the barony of Beaufremont. Castellany accounts from Châtillon in the Valle d’Aosta and correspondence from Virieu in Bugey illustrate René’s lordship over those places. René sometimes questioned the performance of officials whom he delegated to oversee his fiefs, occasionally interacting directly with his subjects as a way of keeping his officers in check.
The School of International Encounter
Authors: Zeilstra Jurjen A.
Published: January 2021

Chapter 2 discusses Visser ‘t Hooft’s work over the next decade and a half.
It looks at his work as the YMCA international secretary for youth work
and later for the WSCF and traces his development as a thinker and as
an increasingly influential voice in the ecumenical movement, against
the background of the theology of Karl Barth, and questions of mission
and ecumenicity, and of the rising threat of totalitarian movements and
the challenges this posed for youth work. The chapter shows how his
developments in this period made him the logical choice, given his vision
and character, for the position of general secretary of the planned World
Council of Churches.
General Secretary of the World Council of Churches 1948-1966
Authors: Zeilstra Jurjen A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the central role Visser ’t Hooft played in the World
Council from 1948 to 1966, showing how his vision and style influenced the
direction the World Council took in dealing with issues like syncretism. We
see the strong practical bent of the World Council in topics like the Cold
War and international crises such as South Africa, Cuba and Cyprus. The
chapter traces how Visser ’t Hooft involved the missionary nature of the
church at every turn. We also learn how the revival he hoped for did not
materialise. Instead, after 1960, secularisation grew, and Visser ’t Hooft’s
ability to appeal to younger generations began to wane.
The Incipit of Beaches of Agnès (Les plages d’Agnès)
Authors: Moure José
Published: January 2021

Agnès Varda’s recent death at 90 was received by various newspaper or site
titles: “Influential French New Wave Filmmaker” (The New York Times),
“Beloved French New Wave Director” (The Guardian). Paying tribute to
Agnès Varda by analyzing Beaches of Agnès, her 2006 autobiographical
film, José Moure draws attention to the fact that it has the singular form
of a narrated puzzle from which (the film itself intermingled with its
“making of”) a new kind of documentary emerges. (Dominique Chateau,
in chapter 14, completes the tribute by considering Varda’s forays into the
world of contemporary art.) Through her most recent films, as well as her
exhibitions, Agnès Varda can be considered a major figure in post-cinema.
Mutation, Appropriation and Style
Authors: Burgin Victor
Published: January 2021

Victor Burgin’s text provides a theoretical reflection on the technological
transformations of what he calls the “field of ‘photofilmic’ practices.” He
postulates that “cinema” directs our minds to “technological mutation,”
while “art” evokes the “ideologico-economic appropriation.” Using as
a framework of reasoning themes that gave rise to the publications
of the Key Debates series – screen and stories – and adding the idea
of virtual object as resulting from the convergence of the digital with
the contemporary, Burgin highlights the advent of new “photofilmic
narrative forms” characterized by the combination of complexity and
affectivity.”
Thinking Inside and Outside of the (Black) Box
Authors: Hagener Malte
Published: January 2021

Malte Hagener considers two dimensions of the changes in the audiovisual field: the first is exemplified by the Netflix platform on the economic and logistical level; the second concerns the aesthetic consequences of this new model of production and distribution. Characterized by a high level of autonomy and self-consciousness of this status, Netflix’s system is transforming the practice of film and the notion we have of it. Referencing Bird Box (2018), the “post-apocalyptic thriller” (Wikipedia) directed by Susanne Bier and starring Sandra Bullock, Hagener exemplifies that a post-cinema movie may be positioned between cinema, television and new media, appearing as a “self-allegory of its own position in a new media environment, especially concerning its production logic.”
Post-cinema Ecology
Authors: Casetti Francesco , Pinotti Andrea
Published: January 2021

Instead of developing the general theme of the immersive experience, Francesco Casetti and Andrea Pinotti exemplify it by focusing specifically on Alejandro G. Iñárritu’s Carne y arena, an interactive virtual reality installation presented at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, insofar as it testifies to the formal and spectatorial transformations that are rightly referred to as post-cinema. More generally, emphasizing the characteristics of “unframedness, presentness, and immediateness,” this kind of work draws our attention to the phenomenology of the film experience. Casetti and Pinotti propose going beyond phenomenology (and ontology) with the project of an iconic ecology based on the concept of phaneron, the appearance as it is perceived for itself.
The Zidane Film
Authors: Conte Richard
Published: January 2021

Post-cinema in the post-art era can also arise from the collaboration of
two artists, as in the case of Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait (2006), a
film by Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno: 17 cameras placed around
the Bernabéu stadium in Madrid where a match is taking place follow the
well-known football player, Zinédine Zidane, from the beginning of the
game until his dismissal. Richard Conte examines this special portrait,
paying particular attention to how the film focuses primarily on Zidane
and on details that could only be captured by the artistic filmic device.
This in-depth analysis of such an approach and its astonishing filmic
result also concern a social aspect of post-cinema that deserves to be
highlighted: here, “the elitist contemporary art meets the most popular
sport of the world and one of its most emblematic figures.”
Per aspera ad astra, or Through Postcinema Toward Cinema, the Reverse Journey of Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s DAU
Authors: Zvonkine Eugénie
Published: January 2021

What is DAU? Is it Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s project or films or main character?
In order to clarify this complexity, Eugénie Zvonkine proposes “write[ing]
DAU for the whole project, Dau for the films and Dau to designate the main
character.” Fascinated by the story of a man known by the nickname Dau
who professed freedom in private life in contradiction with the political
USSR Stalinist regime of fear and terror, young filmmaker Khrzhanovsky
decided to adapt this story into a series of films, Dau, which include huge
installations, investing, in particular, in the Parisian Théâtre du Chatelet
and the Théâtre de la Ville, giving the whole DAU project the fascinating
scale of a total artwork.
Festivals that (did not) Matter: Festivals’ Archival Practices and the Field Imaginary of Festival Studies
Authors: Damiens Antoine
Published: January 2021

Chapter 1 explores the historiographical and political project of festival
studies. In considering queer film festivals’ investment in preserving
their own history (or lack thereof) and the state of various archives, I am
interested in two inter-related issues. 1. How do institutional settings,
professionalization, and sexual politics shape festivals’ archival practices
and/or the very existence of archives on film festivals? 2. How might we
understand the gaps in the archives, the presence of documents that attest
to the existence of yet do not describe ephemeral festivals? In recovering
festivals which have been erased from traditional histories, Chapter 1
operates a critique of festival studies’ disciplinary unconscious. It reveals
the set of theoretical coordinates which conditioned the development
of the field.
Festivals as Archives: Collective Memory and LGBTQ Festivals’ Temporality
Authors: Damiens Antoine
Published: January 2021

Chapter 4 pays attention to LGBTQ festivals’ visual productions and
curatorial practices. As events dedicated to the screening of sexual images,
LGBTQ festivals are enmeshed with the accumulation of temporality and
affects. As such, their film selection is akin to a collage or a juxtaposition of
films, each with a peculiar relationship to history. Through their selections
and visual productions, festivals make time ‘matter’: they constitute a
virtual archive and entail a particular type of relationship with gay and
lesbian visual history. In positing that festivals constitute an ideal space
for theorizing gay and lesbian spectatorship, Chapter 4 argues that LGBTQ
festivals exemplify some of the modalities through which we access,
visually, gay and lesbian cultural memory.
Images+Translation: Imagining Queerness and its Homoscapes
Authors: Damiens Antoine
Published: January 2021

Chapter 5 focuses on the geopolitical imaginings embedded in festival programming.
In screening films from various countries, festivals participate
in the circulation of various discourses on the globalization of queerness.
Borrowing from gay linguists’ focus on the interplay between geography
and subjectivities, I pay attention to the language used to describe various
films and contend that catalogues perform the task of cultural translation.
They reinterpret films from a foreign context for a nationally situated
audience. As institutions screening films from all around the world,
they simultaneously localize films from other geographical contexts and
accentuate geopolitical imaginings of queerness. As a method, festivals’
curatorial practices provide us with a model for reconceptualizing the
globalization of sexuality.
The Impact of the Executions in the Low Countries
Authors: Christman Robert
Published: January 2021

Chapter Eight questions the general scholarly consensus that the vigorous response of the ecclesiastical and temporal authorities in the Low Countries was largely successful in limiting the spread of Reformation ideas there (at least initially). In particular, this chapter examines the impact of the authorities’ campaign against religious dissent in the Reformed Augustinian cloisters of Lower Germany, demonstrating that in most cases that campaign was successful, but not always. In the Cologne cloister, the tactics employed by Wittenberg to spread Reformation ideas had an important and extended impact; what is more, the memory of these events and of the friars’ executions continued to influence the religious sensibilities of the laity in the Low Countries.
To Attain the Text. But Which Text?
Authors: Álvarez López Cristina , Martin Adrian
Published: January 2021

Raymond Bellour’s 1975 essay ‘The Unattainable Text’ has, in recent years,
enjoyed new life as a founding text of the loose, global movement devoted
to the making and theorizing of audiovisual essays. Where the film-text
was once unattainable to scholars and artists, now we can get our hands
on it thanks to the various technological waves that were once only a
distant dream. However, there are challenges in Bellour’s text that are
conveniently overlooked in its optimistic interpretation; in particular,
the multiple meanings attached to the word text itself. Attaining this
‘text’ is not a straightforward procedure of downloading and re-editing
digital files. What more is at stake that we need to make explicit today
in discussing the audiovisual essay?
Lines of Interpretation in Fields of Perception and Remembrance : The Multiscreen Array as Essay
Authors: Gibson Ross
Published: January 2021

Referring to artworks such as Doug Aitken’s Eraser, Chantal Akerman’s
gallery-version of From the East, Kogonada’s split-screen essays, and my
own installation entitled Street X-Rays, this chapter analyses the insights
that can be garnered from spatialized, multistranded exposition, as
distinct from the linear disquisition afforded by the conventional film
essay. To grasp the complexity of the affects and ‘messages’ generated by
the installation works, the chapter draws on ‘ecology of mind’ principles,
as best represented by the writing of Gregory Bateson and Vannevar Bush.
‘All I have to offer is myself’: The Film-Maker as Narrator
Authors: Misek Richard
Published: January 2021

Who precisely is the ‘I’ referenced in so many essay films’ voice-overs?
It is easy to assume that it refers to the film-maker, but, even if the voice
that we hear is the film-maker’s own, an essay film’s narrative ‘voice’ is
always ambiguous. Starting from Chris Marker’s contradictory claim in a
letter about Sans Soleil (1983) that all he has to offer is himself, the chapter
explores how the aspiration of open and direct address is complicated
through the various mediations involved in film-making. With particular
focus on my own film, Rohmer in Paris (2013), it raises the paradoxical
possibility that essay film-makers can only offer themselves, but are
prevented by the form of the essay film from doing so.
Housing as Heritage
Authors: Arkaraprasertkul Non
Published: January 2021

Across China, the preservation and reconstruction of European-styled buildings for commercial purposes has become a trend for urban development. Drawing inspiration from established global cities, Shanghai’s local government has aimed to accommodate both modern high-rise and heritage buildings as a major part of its “city with global inspiration” urban development program. Historic preservation, however, has so far been about protecting particular structures from which only members of the urban middle class can benefit from their historic value. Then, for whom is this historic preservation? Presenting a less benign side of preservation, this chapter ethnographically examines social change in urban life as a result of urbanization, presenting how historic preservation affects urban processes vis-à-vis a sense of place in the city of Shanghai.
Not an Act of God
Authors: Chaves Carmeli Marie C.
Published: January 2021

Urbanizing coastal cities nestled in a fragile watershed constantly face
the challenge of flooding. The experience of Cagayan de Oro City in the
Philippines in the wake of Tropical Storm Sendong in 2011 showed that
adverse flooding impacts are magnified when dense settlements are
formed in flood hazard areas. Sendong affected 40,000 families in 41
villages, claimed 750 lives, and changed the riverscape. Learning from the
disaster, Cagayan de Oro vowed to build a resilient city by mainstreaming
disaster risk reduction in land use planning, regulating the use of upstream
and downstream areas of rivers, and rehabilitating man-made and natural
drainage systems. Moreover, it rationalized settlements distribution and
density through zoning and started relocating communities away from
waterways and floodplains.
Assessing Flood-Related Vulnerability of the Urban Poor
Authors: Simarmata Hendricus Andy , Hornidge Anna-Katharina , Antweiler Christoph
Published: January 2021

Urban poverty and floods are the foremost challenges for coastal cities
of Southeast Asia. It is often assumed that the poor residents of a floodaffected
area are mainly vulnerable. Yet, only few studies have placed
flood-experienced people at the center of the vulnerability assessment.
This chapter aims to explore who is vulnerable among the flood-affected
urban poor and how they define flood-related vulnerability. We found that
kampung residents use their flood experiences as a stock of knowledge to
differentiate the level of vulnerability. Therefore, we suggest applying a
life-world analysis to assess the state of vulnerability of an informal urban
settlement and expect to identify the potentiality of the flood-experienced
ones to organize transformative adaptation.
Hong Kong’s “Rail-plus-Property” Development
Authors: Musil Clément
Published: January 2021

Many Southeast Asian developing cities are facing traffic and pollution
issues. In order to produce a more sustainable city, local governments
often opt for developing modern public transit systems. Because of a
lack of finance, developing cities are supported by international donors
while also looking for self-sufficient financing approaches like land value
capture mechanisms. The Hong Kong “Rail plus Property” (R+P) model is
seen as a reference. This chapter stresses the advantages of such a model,
points out the particularities that make this model very unique and argues
that adjustments that have recently been made are distorting the original
model. Hence, the R+P model appears not as evident and straightforward
as its advocates would like it to be.
Ludic Recycling in Latin American Art : From Remixing the City to Sampling Nature
Authors: Schleiner Anne-Marie
Published: January 2021

In this chapter I foreground an ecologically aware, ludic approach to
crafting public art experiences, drawing primarily from interviews with
four prominent Latin American artists. Conditions observable in the global
South that influence these artworks include urban sprawl and shanty
towns, electronics waste sites accumulating from the rapid production
cycles of electronic hardware, and the environmental damage of natural
habitats. My intent in this chapter is to offer a view into a field of public art
production in Latin America where artists and critics have over the past
few decades developed a sophisticated, yet inclusive visual, interactive,
and playful dialogue with the public.
The Absence of the Oppressor: Games for Change and Californian Happiness Engineers
Authors: Schleiner Anne-Marie
Published: January 2021

Games for Change have been designed to support various causes and
charities for global players and publics located far from a game designer’s
country of origin. The intent of this chapter is to contrast Northern and
Southern approaches to designing such transnational games for inspiring
action, life improvement, and political change. In this chapter I discuss the
Games for Change of primarily two designers, Jane McGonigal’s ambitious
environmental and entrepreneurial games and gamification literature
advocating self-motivational approaches for playful transformation. I
also review a more oppositional model proposed a few decades ago by
prolific Games for Change designer, Uruguayan, Gonzalo Frasca, situating
his ‘Videogames of the Oppressed’ within a tradition of Latin American
resistance movements.
Game Studios in Southeast Asia: From Outsourced to Culturally Customized Games
Authors: Schleiner Anne-Marie
Published: January 2021

In this chapter I conduct a regional tour of Southeast Asian game studios.
Nations like Thailand have adopted primarily an outsourcing approach
to game development, in the hopes of building up skillsets that could
later be applied to locally developed games. Other developers located in
Malaysia have focused on developing educational games, relying on a
Tiger economic formula of cooperative state, industry, and educational
alliances. Paradoxically, nations that are relatively more impoverished like
Indonesia and Cambodia have developed original games drawn from their
own local cultural fabric. Intended as a potential source of South to South
game innovation. this chapter also investigates when developers opt to
globalize for publics abroad, and when they design for more local players.
The Creation of Digitally-Mediated Christian Migrant Communities in Singapore
Authors: Woods Orlando
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores how digital technologies and religion coalesce to
help strengthen and/or weaken the formation of communities. Whilst
digital technologies have made it easier than ever before for international
migrants to remain connected to the communities they left behind, religion
can provide a potent source of belonging for the territorially dislocated.
The creation of digitally-mediated migrant communities can enhance
this sense of belonging, but complicate it as well. Drawing on 72 in-depth
interviews conducted with Christian migrants and Singapore-based clergy,
I explore how digital technologies enable the formation of content-based,
connection-based and support-based Christian migrant communities.
I highlight the ways in which migrants must negotiate the tension between
being here and there, and between online and offline religious praxes.
Virtual Rohingya: Ethno-Religious Populism in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Nasir Kamaludeen Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Scholars and media observers have documented the devastating effect
of religious rhetoric within Myanmar in contributing to the Rohingya
crisis. Much of this takes place within the realm of digital media. As a
result, discourses on the Rohingya crisis are often decentred from ones
of citizenship, the economic value of the region, state-society relations
and class conflict within the region, to one that revolves almost entirely
on the emotionally-charged dispute over ethno-religious identity. This
chapter analyses the competing virtual discourses in Myanmar, Bangladesh,
Malaysia and Australia as social activists make the case for the
acceptance and integration of the Rohingya into their own respective
communities. This is set against an age characterised by populism and
the rise of far-right politics.
On the Banning of a Film
Authors: Khoo Olivia
Published: January 2021

This chapter details the circumstances surrounding the banning of Tan
Pin Pin’s documentary To Singapore, with Love. Shot in Thailand, Malaysia
and the United Kingdom, the film is an intimate portrait of nine political
exiles who left Singapore during the 1960s and 1970s due to their involvement
in alleged Communist struggles. The government’s decision to ban
the film reveals what is at stake in this specific act of censorship. The
chapter also touches on the broader issue of censorship in relation to
Singapore’s promotion of itself as a global creative city. While the island
state promotes and encourages creative freedom, particularly when it
involves international collaboration, it also seeks to considerably restrict
freedom, especially among its own citizens.
Place Management/Making
Authors: Fern Hoe Su
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the role of the arts and artists in rejuvenating
urban spaces in Singapore, where place management ideas are currently
being used to rejuvenate parts of the city centre. Coexisting alongside
state-driven initiatives are artist-led strategies where local art practitioners
and organizations activate latent and/or under-utilized spaces. Through
an analysis of policy documents and qualitative ethnographic fieldwork,
this study explores the interplay between top-down aspirations and formal
place management efforts, and the organic ways artists have activated and
engaged with spaces. Ultimately, I argue that there is a need to balance
formal governance structures with more support for artists engaging in
organic, ground-up initiatives.
Street-corner society and everyday politics in the Beijing hutong
Authors: Audin Judith
Published: January 2021

This chapter studies the politics of everyday life and social change in the Beijing hutong (胡同) through an ethnographic lens. Unlike the political experience of the urban middle class in new housing compounds, the hutong presents specific localized power configurations inherited from a long-term evolution of everyday social interactions with the urban fabric. Coping with the alteration of the social fabric – the loss of local references in the face of growing anonymity – hutong residents invent tactics of resistance through discrete ‘arts of making’ to resist the biopolitics of urban redevelopment, while at the same time, participate in the official, state-led, neighbourhood political life in the context of growing anonymity.
Pengaruh ROA Dan DAR Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Batubara Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2017-2019
Authors: Hutabarat Francis , Margaretha Angeline
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh Return On Asset dan Debt to Asset Ratio terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada perusahaan sub sektor pertambangan batubara. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu metode yang mengumpulkan data sehingga menghasilkan data yang dapat menggambarkan atau menginformasikan tentang perusahaan sub sektor pertambangan batu bara, dengan cara pengumpulan data diperoleh dari pihak ke-3 dengan kata lain penelitian ini mengambil data dari perusahaan sub sektor pertambangan batubara yang terdapat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga menghasilkan  14 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda denga menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan t-ROA 0,059 dan p < 10% (sig. 0.059) dengan demikian diketahui Return On Asset memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Dan koefisien solvabilitas sebesar 0,138 dengan t-DAR =0,740 dan dengan signifikansi p > 10% (sig. 0,464) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Debt to Asset Ratio tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KECOMBRANG Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm TERHADAP Salmonella typhi
Authors: Kusumawati Eko , Supriningrum Risa , Rozadi Reza
Published: January 2021

Research Test Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Leaves kecombrang against Salmonella typhi aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves kecombrang against Salmonella typhi. The extract used is kecombrang leaf extract prepared by maceration using ethanol 95%, extracts obtained test chemical classes of compounds to determine the content of the active compound. Antibacterial activity test conducted at five concentrations of the extract is 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Inhibition zone measurement results are then analyzed using One Way ANOVA with SPSS 20 to determine whether there is a difference at each concentration. The results showed kecombrang leaf ethanol extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% produce inhibition zone diameter 3.9 mm; 6.5 mm; 6.75 mm; 7:45 mm; and 9:28 mm, 0 mm for the negative control and positive control 32.61 mm. The test results show the class of secondary metabolites kecombrang leaf ethanol extract contains tannin, saponin, and flavonoids. Of statistical tests concluded there were significant differences of treatment results in inhibition of the respective concentrations of ethanol extracts of leaves kecombrang
AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH KIWI HIJAU (Actinidia deliciosa)
Authors: Lindawati Novena Yety , Ningsih Desi Widya
Published: January 2021

Disease in the liver caused by hypercholesterolemia is fatty liver. Fatty liver is one of the damages to the liver, a condition in which the liver experiences fat accumulation. Green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a plant that contains a lot of flavonoid compounds can be used as cholesterol-lowering. Flavonoids are able to release cholesterol found in the walls of blood vessels and organs in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of anticholesterol activity and EC50 values in ethanol extracts of green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) with a concentration series of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; 12.5 ppm. Ethanol extract of green kiwifruit was tested for active substance content and quantitative analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 668 nm and operating time of 15 minutes. The results showed ethanol extract of green kiwifruit contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins, vitamin C which can reduce cholesterol levels with an average EC50 value of 7.3 ppm with a coefficient of variation value of 1.12%.

 

Keywords : Cholesterol, Lieberman-burchard, Extract, Green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), UV-VIS spectrophotometry.
PENGUJIAN EFEKTIFITAS FORMULA GEL EKSTRAK DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI GELLING AGENT SEBAGAI KANDIDAT SEDIAAN ANTI JERAWAT
Authors: Rasyid Andi Ulfah Magefirah , Amody Zahira
Published: January 2021

Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) is a plant that is often used in traditional medicine because of the presence of several substances that have activity as antimicrobial compounds. Beluntas leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and saponins which can function as antibacterial. This experimental research aimed at obtaining beluntas leaf extract gel and to determine the physical stability and the effectiveness of beluntas extract gel against Propionibacterium acnes. The first step is drying the beluntas leaves and and extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then formulated into a gel and evaluated, the evaluation results show that formula 1 is the most stable. The results showed that beluntas leaf extract gel was effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the inhibition zone obtained was categorized as strong, where the average diameter before the accelerated stability test was 12.02 mm and 11.58 mm after the accelerated stability test.
PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS KREATIF GENERASI MILENIAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN KISAH INSPIRATIF DENGAN HEUTAGOGI
Authors: Salamah Umi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini didasari oleh kencendurangan menguatnya karakter global akibat koneksi internet. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan adaptasi Borg & Gall. Sumber data mahasiswa PBSI IKIP Budi Utomo Angkatan 2016. Hasil yang diperoleh (1) koneksi internet dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber dan media eksprasi hasil belajar menulis kreatif, dengan kontrol pendidik dalam bentuk tugas terstruktur; (2) cerita kreatif yang dihasilkan berisi spirit nilai kearifan lokal dan spirit penguatan mental untuk maju, kretaif, produktif sesuai dengan kekinian; (3) pembelajaran menulis cerita kreatif dapat dilakukan dengan mengombinasikan dongeng lokal dan kisah inspiratif menjadi cerita baru; dan (4) pembelajaran menulis kreatif dengan heutagogi, menempatkan guru sebagai partner belajar, pemantik, dan fasilitator agar peserta didik dapat menemukan strategi belajar menulis kreatif yang efektif bagi dirinya.