bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare FGFR Oncogenic Alterations in Sequenced Pediatric Solid and Brain Tumors Suggest FGFR Is a Relevant Molecular Target in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Lazo De La Vega Lorena , Comeau Hannah , Sallan Sarah , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa , Gupta Hersh , Li Yvonne Y. , Tsai Harrison K. , Kang Wenjun , Ward Abigail , Church Alanna J. , Kim AeRang , Pinto Navin R. , Macy Margaret E. , Maese Luke D. , Sabnis Amit J. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Lindeman Neal I. , Anderson Megan E. , Cooney Tabitha M. , Yeo Kee Kiat , Reaman Gregory H. , DuBois Steven G. , Collins Natalie B. , Johnson Bruce E. , Janeway Katherine A. , Forrest Suzanne J.
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE

Multiple FGFR inhibitors are currently in clinical trials enrolling adults with different solid tumors, while very few enroll pediatric patients. We determined the types and frequency of FGFR alterations ( FGFR1-4) in pediatric cancers to inform future clinical trial design.

METHODS

Tumors with FGFR alterations were identified from two large cohorts of pediatric solid tumors subjected to targeted DNA sequencing: The Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Profile Study (n = 888) and the multi-institution GAIN/iCAT2 (Genomic Assessment Improves Novel Therapy) Study (n = 571). Data from the combined patient population of 1,395 cases (64 patients were enrolled in both studies) were reviewed and cases in which an FGFR alteration was identified by OncoPanel sequencing were further assessed.

RESULTS

We identified 41 patients with tumors harboring an oncogenic FGFR alteration. Median age at diagnosis was 8 years (range, 6 months-26 years). Diagnoses included 11 rhabdomyosarcomas, nine low-grade gliomas, and 17 other tumor types. Alterations included gain-of-function sequence variants (n = 19), amplifications (n = 10), oncogenic fusions ( FGFR3:: TACC3 [n = 3], FGFR1:: TACC1 [n = 1], FGFR1:: EBF2 [n = 1], FGFR1:: CLIP2 [n = 1], and FGFR2:: CTNNA3 [n = 1]), pathogenic-leaning variants of uncertain significance (n = 4), and amplification in combination with a pathogenic-leaning variant of uncertain significance (n = 1). Two novel FGFR1 fusions in two different patients were identified in this cohort, one of whom showed a response to an FGFR inhibitor.

CONCLUSION

In summary, activating FGFR alterations were found in approximately 3% (41/1,395) of pediatric solid tumors, identifying a population of children with cancer who may be eligible and good candidates for trials evaluating FGFR-targeted therapy. Importantly, the genomic and clinical data from this study can help inform drug development in accordance with the Research to Accelerate Cures and Equity for Children Act.
Posterodorsal Medial Amygdala Urocortin-3, GABA, and Glutamate Mediate Suppression of LH Pulsatility in Female Mice
Authors: Ivanova Deyana , Li Xiao-Feng , McIntyre Caitlin , O’Byrne Kevin T
Published: November 2022

The posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD) is an upstream modulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes. Inhibition of MePD urocortin-3 (Ucn3) neurons prevents psychological stress–induced suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility while blocking the stress-induced elevations in corticosterone (CORT) secretion in female mice. We explore the neurotransmission and neural circuitry suppressing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator by MePD Ucn3 neurons and we further investigate whether MePD Ucn3 efferent projections to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) control CORT secretion and LH pulsatility. Ucn3-cre-tdTomato female ovariectomized (OVX) mice were unilaterally injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) and implanted with optofluid cannulae targeting the MePD. We optically activated Ucn3 neurons in the MePD with blue light at 10 Hz and monitored the effect on LH pulses. Next, we combined optogenetic stimulation of MePD Ucn3 neurons with pharmacological antagonism of GABAA or GABAB receptors with bicuculline or CGP-35348, respectively, as well as a combination of NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists, AP5 and CNQX, respectively, and observed the effect on pulsatile LH secretion. A separate group of Ucn3-cre-tdTomato OVX mice with 17β-estradiol replacement were unilaterally injected with AAV-ChR2 in the MePD and implanted with fiber-optic cannulae targeting the PVN. We optically stimulated the MePD Ucn3 efferent projections in the PVN with blue light at 20 Hz and monitored the effect on CORT secretion and LH pulses. We reveal for the first time that activation of Ucn3 neurons in the MePD inhibits GnRH pulse generator frequency via GABA and glutamate signaling within the MePD, while MePD Ucn3 projections to the PVN modulate the HPG and HPA axes.
Different Effects of Once-weekly and Once-daily Administered GLP-1RA Semaglutide and Liraglutide on Bile Acid Diarrhea
Authors: Kårhus Martin Lund , Knudsen Elisabeth , Knop Filip Krag
Published: November 2022

Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a socially debilitating disease. Typical symptoms include loose stools, urgency, and high stool frequency. Recently, we reported the superior efficacy of the glucagon like-peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide (administered subcutaneously once daily) in reducing daily bowel movements compared with the traditionally used bile acid sequestrant colesevelam (considered the standard of care). This has generated proposals of testing longer acting and more potent GLP-1RAs for treating BAD. Here, we present a patient with severe BAD who experienced minimal effect of the once-weekly administered GLP-1RA semaglutide, but total remission of BAD symptoms during treatment with liraglutide.
Extensive Osteonecrosis After Glucocorticoids: Clinical Response to Bisphosphonate
Authors: Subbu Karthik , Renner Jordan B , Rubin Janet E
Published: November 2022

Osteonecrosis is a devastating complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy that has been described in both malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Its incidence has been found to greater than 50% using magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic patients, thus osteonecrosis is likely underdiagnosed. Recent studies have suggested that treatment with bisphosphonates can improve pain and mobility and decrease bone marrow edema. We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with debilitating osteonecrosis after treatment with prednisone for a total cumulative dose of 5100 mg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive infarcts of her bilateral tibiae and femora and left humerus, talus, and calcaneus consistent with osteonecrosis that had persisted for more than 2 years. Her severe knee, shoulder, and ankle pain was treated with 1 dose zolendronic acid. Despite a prolonged acute phase reaction, the patient's symptoms improved with near total resolution of pain.
Insulin Requirements in Untreated Acromegaly: From 200 to 0
Authors: Goldstein Michael B , Bellavia Lauren , Kurian Tiffany , Klek Stanislaw
Published: November 2022

We describe a patient with acromegaly presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis who was able to achieve euglycemia despite discontinuation of all antihyperglycemic therapy prior to surgical or medical treatment for his acromegaly. No previous cases of acromegaly presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis have reported glycemic normalization without antihyperglycemic therapy prior to acromegaly treatment. Our case highlights this unique outcome and postulates that pancreatic β-cell resiliency may be influential on insulin resistance since our patient achieved euglycemia despite a persistent state of excess growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Our case further emphasizes that consideration for acromegaly should be given in patients presenting with severe insulin resistance and pertinent medical history and physical examination features, and it emphasizes the dramatic range of insulin requirements in patients with acromegaly.
Pseudo Primary Aldosteronism as Initial Presentation of Ectopic ACTH Syndrome in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shakesprere Jonathan , El Naili Reima , Sadiq Mehjabeen , Haider Adnan
Published: November 2022

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting syndrome (EAS) is a rare but often aggressive paraneoplastic syndrome. Patients with EAS typically present with high ACTH levels and rapid clinical progression in the setting of acute cortisol elevation, which can delay diagnosis due to a lack of typical Cushingoid features. High levels of ACTH have also been shown to stimulate the adrenal zona glomerulosa to oversecrete aldosterone. We present the case of a 58-year-old male individual presenting with new-onset hypertension and severe metabolic alkalosis with spontaneous hypokalemia, in the setting of elevated aldosterone and low renin levels, suggestive of primary aldosteronism. Subsequent biochemical testing, imaging, and pathology, however, revealed suppression of aldosterone with evidence of hypercortisolism in the setting of metastatic small cell lung cancer. This was, therefore, suggestive of pseudo primary aldosteronism in the setting of a paraneoplastic ectopic ACTH-producing syndrome. This case highlights that hypercortisolism, in the setting of EAS, can initially present with a clinical picture suggestive of hyperaldosteronism. The use of a dexamethasone suppression test can allow the clinician to differentiate between idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Love and Other Injustices
Authors: Dave Naisargi N.
Published: November 2022

In this article, Naisargi N. Dave examines the relationship between animals and love in India, animals and love in multispecies anthropology, and between ethics and love more generally. She argues that ahimsa (nonviolence) and love share the characteristic of abnegating moral responsibility beyond the self and its attachments. Thus, Dave argues, against some strains of contemporary political thought, love is not the antithesis to ethical indifference but its very ground. Love is an indifference to all that does not accomplish its lovability. Dave's offering of an alternative interspecies ethic is what she calls indifference to difference—or “being in difference”—and she locates shades of this immanent ethic in precolonial South Asian conceptions of love as well as in a prenationalist revolutionary philosophy of ahimsa. Dave claims that love is an injustice because when we love it is the one or ones who are special to us that we save. She argues instead for an impassioned ethics without love: an indifference to difference.
Reevaluating the relationship between EGL-43 (EVI1) and LIN-12 (Notch) during C. elegans anchor cell invasion
Authors: Martinez Michael A. Q. , Mullarkey Angelina A. , Yee Callista , Zhao Chris Z. , Zhang Wan , Shen Kang , Matus David Q.
Published: November 2022

Development of the Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive tract is orchestrated by the anchor cell (AC). This occurs in part through a cell invasion event that connects the uterine and vulval tissues. Several key transcription factors regulate AC invasion, such as EGL-43, HLH-2, and NHR-67. Specifically, these transcription factors function together to maintain the post-mitotic state of the AC, a requirement for AC invasion. Recently, a mechanistic connection has been made between loss of EGL-43 and AC cell-cycle entry. The current model states that EGL-43 represses LIN-12 (Notch) expression to prevent AC proliferation, suggesting that Notch signaling has mitogenic effects in the invasive AC. To reexamine the relationship between EGL-43 and LIN-12, we first designed and implemented a heterologous co-expression system called AIDHB that combines the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system of plants with a live cell-cycle sensor based on human DNA helicase B (DHB). After validating AIDHB using AID-tagged GFP, we sought to test it by using AID-tagged alleles of egl-43 and lin-12. Auxin-induced degradation of either EGL-43 or LIN-12 resulted in the expected AC phenotypes. Lastly, we seized the opportunity to pair AIDHB with RNAi to co-deplete LIN-12 and EGL-43, respectively, which revealed that LIN-12 is not required for AC proliferation following loss of EGL-43.
CD10 expression in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma is associated with high-tumor grade and stage
Authors: Al-Maghrabi Jaudah Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Primary urinary bladder carcinoma is a common cancer worldwide. There is limited published data about CD10 immunoexpression pattern in urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). This study aims to examine CD10 immunoexpression in UBC and evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological parameters.

Methods: The retrospective study examined 130 samples of UBC tissue and 30 samples of non-neoplastic urothelial bladder tissue, which were obtained from the Anatomic Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The project started in June 2019 and completed in February 2021. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were prepared from paraffin blocks and tissue sections prepared from the recipient blocks were used for immunohistochemistry studies utilizing CD10 antibody. The immunostaining results were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Positive staining of CD10 was observed in 64 (49%) cases of UBC and was not detected in any non-neoplastic urothelium samples. CD10-positive staining was identified in 36.7% and 66.7% of low and high-grade tumors, respectively. There was an association between positive CD10 immunostaining and high tumor grade (p=0.006) and muscularis propria invasion (p=0.007). There was no association between CD10 immunoexpression and age, gender, nodal and distant metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor recurrence. CD10 immunoexpression was not associated with the probabilities of overall survival (log rank 1.663, p=0.197) or disease-free survival (log rank 1.637, p=0.201).

Conclusions: In UBC, CD10 immunoexpression is associated with higher tumor grade and muscle invasion, but it is not associated with patient survival or other clinicopathological parameters. CD10 immunoexpression cannot be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis in UBC.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6268

How to cite this: Al-Maghrabi J. CD10 expression in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma is associated with high-tumor grade and stage. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6268

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Glomus jugulare tumors treatment by gamma knife radiosurgery: A single center study
Authors: Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Hashim Abdul Sattar M
Published: November 2022

Objective: Glomus jugulare tumor are benign vascular tumors and surgical resection is almost impossible. We have treated these tumors by Gamma knife radiosurgery and share our experience.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Neurospinal and Cancer Care Institute, Karachi from January 2010 to May 2020. Thirty-four patients with glomus jugulare tumors treated with gamma knife radiosurgery were included in the study. The comprehensive clinical and demographic characteristics of all patients were collected through a manually designed questionnaire. Computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to make the diagnosis. Data was incorporated and analyzed by SPSS version 26.

Results: A total of 34 patients were included in the study of which 16(47%) were males and 18(53%) were females with first follow up after 6-month up to two year clinical and radiological follow-up. The mean age of the patients was 42.5±13.5 with a minimum age of 20 years and maximum age of 65 years. The KPS scale was 2.09±0.45 and the volume of the tumor was 33.8±22.5 cm3. The improvement was shown in 27 patients of which 14 were males and 13 were females showing insignificance post radiation change. Of all 34 patients, the outcome was recorded as 3(9%) for excellent, 22(64%) for good, 6(17%) for fair and 3(9%) were poor results.

Conclusions: Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a safe and effective primary therapy and salvage therapy for residual and recurrent cases of glomus jugulare and tympanicum tumors.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6590

How to cite this: Kalhoro A, Hashim ASM. Glomus jugulare tumors treatment by gamma knife radiosurgery: A single center study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6590

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ngsJulia: population genetic analysis of next-generation DNA sequencing data with Julia language
Authors: Mas-Sandoval Alex , Jin Chenyu , Fracassetti Marco , Fumagalli Matteo
Published: November 2022

A sound analysis of DNA sequencing data is important to extract meaningful information and infer quantities of interest. Sequencing and mapping errors coupled with low and variable coverage hamper the identification of genotypes and variants and the estimation of population genetic parameters. Methods and implementations to estimate population genetic parameters from sequencing data available nowadays either are suitable for the analysis of genomes from model

organisms only, require moderate sequencing coverage, or are not easily adaptable to specific applications. To address these issues, we introduce ngsJulia, a collection of templates and functions in Julia language to process short-read

sequencing data for population genetic analysis. We further describe two implementations, ngsPool and ngsPloidy, for the analysis of pooled sequencing data and polyploid genomes, respectively. Through simulations, we illustrate the performance of estimating various population genetic parameters using these implementations, using both established and novel statistical methods. These results inform on optimal experimental design and demonstrate the applicabil-

ity of methods in ngsJulia to estimate parameters of interest even from low coverage sequencing data. ngsJulia provide users with a flexible and efficient framework for ad hoc analysis of sequencing data.ngsJulia is available from: https://github.com/mfumagalli/ngsJulia
The effect of red yeast rice on delayed union fracture in animal model: a molecular study of IL-6, BMP-2, VEGF, BALP, and N-Mid-OC in fracture healing
Authors: Nefihancoro Udi Heru , Hartono Hartono , Indarto Dono , Kurniawan Aryadi
Published: November 2022

Background

As serious fracture complications, delayed union and non-union are parts of complications from fracture healing. Growth factors such as BMP-2, VEGF, proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and bone formation BALP, N-Mid-OC are important regulators of the fracture healing process. Red yeast rice (RYR), produced by fermenting Monascus purpureus rice, monacolin K, which is the main ingredient in RYR, was found to play a major role in the anti-inflammatory process and increasing the proliferation of osteoblast in osteoporosis cases. This study aims to examine the effect of RYR in the fracture healing process in delayed union rats through molecular studies of levels of IL-6, BMP- 2, VEGF, BALP, and N-Mid-OC.

Methods

This study was experimental research that used male rats (Rattus novergicus) which were divided into a control and 3 treatment groups using a random sampling method. Group 1 was given orally 25 mg/kg, Group 2 was 50 mg/kg, Group 3 was 100 mg/kg, and the control group was given a placebo. The rats were then subjected to a delayed union fracture model. Observations were made for two periods on the 14th and 28th days.

Results

There were no significant differences in serology examination between days 0 and 14 between groups. However, there were significant differences between groups on day 28. IL-6, BMP-2, VEGF, BALP, and N-Mid-OC on day 28 between groups (p<0.001). The group with 100 mg/kg RYR extract was found to be the most influencing serology marker level. RYR 100 mg/kg significantly decreased IL-6, and increased BMP-2, VEGF, BALP, and N-Mid-Osteocalcin, thus enhancing the fracture healing process in the delayed union rats model.

Conclusion

A red yeast rice dose of 100 mg/KgBW significantly reduced IL-6, increased BMP-2, VEGF, BALP, N-Mid-OC, and RUST Score so as to improve the fracture healing process in delayed union rats.
Parental spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour data collected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2020
Authors: Iles-Caven Yasmin , Gregory Steven , Bickerstaffe Iain , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean
Published: November 2022

There are few studies that chart the ways in which the religious beliefs and practices of parents and their offspring vary over time. Even fewer can relate this to aspects of their physical and mental health or distinguish the different facets of the environment that may have influenced the development or loss of religious/spiritual belief and behaviours over time. This paper describes the recent data collection in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on the beliefs and behaviours of the study parents some 27-28 years after the first measures were collected. Questions that were previously administered to the mother and her partner on religion, spirituality, behaviours, and beliefs (RSBB) were repeated for the fourth time, together with enhanced data on RSBB. The new data are described and compared with previous responses. The most notable difference between the 9 year and the 2020 sweep was the increase of professed non-believers in both the mothers (17.5% vs 29.8%) and partners (31.9% vs. 45.3%).

As expected, on each occasion study partners were less likely to acknowledge RSBB compared to the study mothers. In the latest sweep, respondents were less likely to be unsure if they believed and more likely to not believe. Responses to “Do you believe in God or a divine power?” in mothers ranged from 49.9% stating ‘yes’ antenatally to 43.5% doing so in 2020; 14.9% vs 29.8% for ‘no’ and 35.2% to 26.6% for ‘not sure’. For partners, the corresponding figures are: ‘yes’ 37.0% vs. 30.0%; ‘no’ 28.6% vs. 45.3% and ‘not sure’ 34.5% vs. 24.6%. We plan to undertake detailed analyses of the antecedents and consequences of RBSS. All data are available for use by interested researchers.
Some new lichen records from Pakistan
Authors: Fayyaz Iram , Iftikhar Fatima , Afshan Najam-ul-Sehar , Niazi Abdul Rehman , Habib Kamran , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: November 2022

During a survey of the lichens in the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, many specimens were collected from the Jhelum and Neelum valley and characterized using morpho-anatomical, molecular and chemical test methods. Two taxa new for Pakistan, i.e., Physciella chloanta and Xanthoparmelia protomatrae s. l., were found in the collection while Physconia enteroxantha represent range extensions within Pakistan. Morpho-anatomical descriptions, ecology and distribution are provided.
Pleochaeta indica, a new record of powdery mildew from Pakistan
Authors: Afshan Najam-ul-Sehar , Zafar Irsa , Liaqat Nida , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive study of a powdery mildew observed on leaves of Celtis tetrandra Roxb. was carried out by the authors. The symptoms appeared as white mycelium on leaves with embedded small black to brown spherical ascomata. Infected plants were collected from Thandiani (District Abbottabad, Division Hazara) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, during a phytopathogenic survey in 2019. The causal agent was observed and identified on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses, which reveals that this fungus belongs to genus Pleochaeta. Further investigation identified it as Pleochaeta indica. This is the first report of a powdery mildew infection caused by this pathogen in Pakistan. A complete description and illustrations of the fungus are presented.
Halloween and Valentine’s Day in Slovakia: new holidays or new opportunities for celebration?
Authors: Popelková Katarína , Zajonc Juraj
Published: November 2022

This study deals with Halloween and Valentine’s Day in Slovakia from the perspective of the eventisation theory elaborated on by Winfried Gebhardt (2000), which reflects on internal as well as external changes in the field of holidays in modern societies and seeks to elucidate the cultural dimension of the processes of individualisation and pluralisation during the late-modernity period. The authors explore these two holidays as global phenomena with a focus on their holiday practice, i.e. on the ways of celebrating and spending holidays. At the same time, they analyse the historical and social processes related to the transformations of Europe’s and Slovakia’s holiday culture since the end of the 20th century. On this basis, they present research materials that clarify these processes of domestication as well as the ways of celebrating Halloween and Valentine’s Day in Slovakia. The empirical data form the basis for formulating findings on the ways of spending these two “new” holidays and their relationship to the process of eventisation of the holiday culture.
Municipality Day(s): a new tradition in the calendar of municipal festivals
Authors: Beňušková Zuzana
Published: November 2022

An important function within the overall way of life of current rural as well as urban communities is carried out by cultural-social events and festivals organised at the place of residence of the actors and potential participants. One of those which do not follow traditional cultural patterns, but which has acquired the reputation of a traditional event is the Municipality Day (Deň obce) festival. The study is based on field research and on internet sources approaching the course of the Village Day in Slovakia, as well as alternative versions of this holiday in selected countries. We have selected three examples of Municipality Days: The Municipal Festivity of Tekovské Lužany representing a multi-cultural village with a stabilised population since the second half of the 20th century, the Petržalka Days representing a city district, and the Day of the Municipality of Hviezdoslavov, representing a suburb. Municipality Days is a global festivity with a local function. Its significance lies in the civic principle standing above other social segments of the locality – religious, ethnic, professional, age- or gender-related, etc. With increased importance of civic society, the position of this festivity is also strengthened in the calendar events of territorial communities.
„Stawianie maibaumu”. O majowym świętowaniu jako formie konstruowania tożsamości mniejszości niemieckiej na Śląsku Opolskim
Authors: Brandt Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Od połowy lat 90. XX w. na Śląsku Opolskim zauważalna jest aktywizacja stowarzyszeń mniejszości niemieckiej na niwie społeczno-kulturalnej, m.in. poprzez organizację wielu form świętowania rodzinnego, dorocznego, lokalnego i regionalnego. Autorka zainteresowała się zwyczajową uroczystością, zwaną stawianiem maibaumu, czyli drzewka majowego, praktykowaną przez członkinie Związku Śląskich Kobiet Wiejskich na wzór wiosennego święta znanego w Niemczech. Omówiła pierwotne znaczenie praktyki stawiania majów (wysokich drzew i słupów przybranych zielenią) w Europie i w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Górnego Śląska, wskazując, iż ta forma majowego świętowania (pierwotnie także matrymonialnego) została zarzucona po II wojnie światowej, a jej reaktywacja w zmienionej formie ludycznej nastąpiła w latach 90. XX w. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań terenowych oceniła, że obecnie maibaum stanowi hybrydyczny rekwizyt, a świętowanie związane z jego ustawianiem w centrum miejscowości tworzy scenerię widowiska, wybiórczo łączącego elementy niemieckiego i śląskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego.
Etyka badań a etyka badacza. Uwagi na marginesie lektury książki Adrianny Surmiak „Etyka badań jakościowych. Analiza doświadczeń badaczy w badaniach z osobami podatnymi na zranienie”
Authors: Kaniowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

W artykule przedstawione zostały założenia i wyniki analiz przeprowadzonych przez Adriannę Surmiak w ramach jej projektu badawczego, który miał potwierdzić tezę o konieczności łączenia reguł etyki formalnej z etyką nienormatywną w badaniach antropologicznych i socjologicznych, jak również istnienie ścisłego związku pomiędzy metodologią badań a wyborami etycznych postaw badaczy. W swoich rozmowach z badaczami autorka omawianej książki skupiła się na trzech zasadniczych pytaniach: 1. jakie znaczenie na każdym etapie prowadzonych badań mają dla badacza problemy etyczne; 2. jakie praktyki są uznawane za złe, a jakie za dobre w badaniach osób wrażliwych na skrzywdzenie; 3. jakie koncepcje, przekonania i wartości można wyprowadzić z analiz konkretnych sposobów postępowania badaczy w trakcie prowadzonych przez nich badań. W artykule zamieszczone zostały komentarze do wniosków, które A. Surmiak wysnuła ze swych badań. Owe komentarze dotyczą problemów, jakie pojawiają się w konsekwencji stosowania niepisanych zasad etyki nienormatywnej, w szczególności: postawy badacza, włączania pozanaukowych form poznania, jak empatia czy wrażliwość, do procesu poznania oraz kwestii zapewnienia dobrostanu badanych.
The Legacy of Peter Fishburn: Foundational Work and Lasting Impact
Authors: Hupman Andrea C. , Simon Jay
Published: November 2022

Peter Fishburn has had a tremendous impact on the field of decision analysis, developing ideas that would come to be foundational across decision analysis and that would impact the literature on decision making in economics, psychology, finance, engineering, and mathematics. This paper provides an overview of his legacy. We summarize 11 of his influential papers. We then trace his impact on recent research in topics including preference representation and elicitation, risk attitudes, time preferences, health preferences, behavioral decision making, social choice and voting, and geometric analyses.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2022.0461 .
Cutting Planes from the Branch-and-Bound Tree: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Contardo Claudio , Lodi Andrea , Tramontani Andrea
Published: November 2022

In this short paper, we argue that the standard approach adopted by modern mixed-integer linear programming solvers of using very little cutting plane generation in the branch-and-bound tree can be too conservative and lead to the loss of significant opportunities. Our observation is motivated by some relatively simple computational investigation on a couple of instances in the MIPlib 2010 collection for which the benefit of generating globally valid cuts in the tree is significant.

History: This “Challenge” paper was invited by the Editor-in-Chief and based on the topics raised by the author at his plenary address at the 2022 INFORMS Computing Society Conference in Tampa, Florida.
Intellectual Diversity in IS Research: Discipline-Based Conceptualization and an Illustration from Information Systems Research
Authors: Tarafdar Monideepa , Shan Guohou , Bennett Thatcher Jason , Gupta Alok
Published: November 2022

This paper advances the understanding of the information systems (IS) discipline by developing a multidimensional conceptualization of the discipline’s intellectual diversity and applying it to information systems research (ISR). It provides an empirical analysis of the intellectual diversity exhibited by the full set of ISR articles published in over the last 10 years. We categorize IS intellectual diversity into four intellectual dimensions of IS research—namely, domain topic, level of phenomenon, type of contribution, and method—and highlight differences along these dimensions. We use our framework to describe the ebb and flow of the topics, methods, and contributions of IS scholarship that appears in ISR during 2012–2021. Our analysis shows a preponderance of econometric and modeling studies. It also shows that there is a substantial variety of topics, research questions, and methods. Based on these conceptual and empirical insights, we identify implications for intellectual diversity and inclusion in the broader IS discipline.
Threatened by AI: Analyzing Users’ Responses to the Introduction of AI in a Crowd-Sourcing Platform
Authors: Lysyakov Mikhail , Viswanathan Siva
Published: November 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) solutions are being rapidly deployed, they increasingly compete with human labor. This study examines designers’ strategies in response to the threat from the introduction of an AI system for simple logo designs in a crowdsourcing design platform. We find that, although designers with lower abilities are more likely to exit the platform, designers with higher abilities move away from the locus of threat in the lower-tier contests and switch to more-complex design contests after the introduction of the AI system. More interestingly, we find that, although unsuccessful designers respond to the threat from AI by increasing their participation across multiple contests, successful designers become more focused (i.e., they substantially increase the number of submissions within a contest) and more quality oriented (i.e., they increase emotional content and complexity of their designs) after the AI launch. Our findings show how designers can learn from the behaviors of the more successful designers to differentiate themselves from AI systems by leveraging the more-abstract design attributes. Platform operators would benefit from adopting better segmentations strategies: with AI solutions for simple design tasks, hybrid AI + human solutions for less-complex design tasks, and skilled human designers competing primarily for the more-complex design tasks.
Advertising as a Reminder: Evidence from the Dutch State Lottery
Authors: He Chen , Klein Tobias J.
Published: November 2022

We show that advertising can act as a reminder for consumers who intend to buy a product.
Economics of Permissioned Blockchain Adoption
Authors: Iyengar Garud , Saleh Fahad , Sethuraman Jay , Wang Wenjun
Published: November 2022

We construct an economic framework for understanding the incentives of the participants of a permissioned blockchain for supply chains and other related industries. Our study aims to determine whether adoption of blockchain is socially beneficial and whether such adoption arises in equilibrium. We find that blockchain reduces information asymmetry for consumers, thereby enhancing consumer welfare. Consumer welfare gains can be sufficiently large that blockchain adoption is socially beneficial; nonetheless, we find that blockchain adoption does not arise in equilibrium. This situation arises because blockchain adoption costs are borne by manufacturers, and manufacturers cannot extract consumer gains through prices due to the competitive nature of the manufacturing sector. We offer a system of transfers to generate blockchain adoption in equilibrium when it is socially beneficial.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Funding: This research was partially supported by a seed grant from the Columbia–IBM Center for Blockchain and Data Transparency.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4532 .
Strategic Bank Liability Structure Under Capital Requirements
Authors: Sundaresan Suresh , Wang Zhenyu
Published: November 2022

Banks strategically choose and dynamically restructure deposits and nondeposit debt in response to the minimum requirements on total capital and tangible equity. We derive the optimal strategic liability structure and show that it minimizes the protection for deposits conditional on capital requirements. Although, given any liability structure, regulators can set capital requirements high enough to remove the incentive for risk substitution, the strategic response to the capital requirements always preserves this incentive. Banks reduce leverage but increase the proportion of nondeposit debt if regulations raise the capital requirements.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4570 .
The Effect of Significant IPO Firms on Industry Incumbents: Evidence from Tax Planning
Authors: Chyz James , Henry Erin , Omer Thomas , Wu Biyu
Published: November 2022

An IPO is a significant event for an individual firm, and the literature examining initial public offering (IPO) firms is extensive. However, there is little evidence on the subsequent effect of a significant IPO on incumbent firms. We extend this literature by using firms’ tax policies as a powerful setting to identify whether incumbent firms respond to a significant IPO in their industry. Specifically, we use a first difference analysis to examine whether incumbent firms herd their effective tax rates (ETRs) toward a significant IPO’s ETR. We provide robust evidence that incumbent firms adjust their ETR either up or down by one to two percentage points, on average, for up to three years following a significant IPO entrance to the industry. Cross-sectional analyses support attention-based and tax-specific motives for herding, and additional analysis documents market attention-based consequences. Finally, we find that incumbents weigh the benefits of herding against the cost of adjusting their ETR and that incumbent firms use discretionary tax accruals as a less costly mechanism to imitate IPO firms’ generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) ETRs. We contribute to an IPO literature that focuses almost exclusively on the IPO firm. We extend the literature by providing evidence that a significant IPO in an industry can result in a herding response in incumbent firms’ policy choices.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: T. Omer acknowledges funding from the Delmar Lienemann Sr. Chair of Accounting at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4573 .
Competition and Innovation in Markets for Technology
Authors: de Bettignies Jean-Etienne , Liu Hua Fang , Robinson David T. , Gainullin Bulat
Published: November 2022

We examine the impact of product market competition on innovation in markets for technology. An innovator makes an investment in quality-improving innovation that can be licensed to one (targeted licensing) or all (market-wide licensing) product market competitors. Our model points to a U-shaped relationship between competition in licensee product markets and innovation in the market for technology: at low levels of competition, market-wide licensing is optimal, and competition reduces innovation, whereas at high levels of competition, targeted licensing is optimal and competition increases innovation. Our empirical analysis using a large panel of U.S. data provides clear support for these predictions linking competition, innovation, and licensing.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: J.-E. (de) Bettignies gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 435-2013-1863].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4574 .
Increasing Biomanufacturing Yield with Bleed–Feed: Optimal Policies and Insights
Authors: Koca Yesim , Martagan Tugce , Adan Ivo , Maillart Lisa , van Ravenstein Bram
Published: November 2022

Problem definition: Bleed–feed is a novel technology that allows biomanufacturers to skip intermediary bioreactor setups. However, the specific time at which bleed–feed is performed is critical for success. The process is stringently regulated, and its implementation involves unique tradeoffs in operational decision making. Our analysis formalizes the operational challenges related to bleed–feed decisions, and our results inform biomanufacturers and policymakers on the potential impact of this technology on current practice. Academic/practical relevance: Operations management (OM) methodologies have not yet been widely adopted in the biomanufacturing industry. This research presents one of the first attempts to demonstrate how OM can complement biomanufacturing to improve operational decisions. We present a practically relevant problem and a rigorous solution approach that is relevant to both OM and biomanufacturing. Methodology: We develop a finite-horizon, discrete-time Markov decision processes model and analyze the structural characteristics of optimal bleed–feed policies. Moreover, we characterize the behavior of the value function as a function of regulatory restrictions. As a salient feature, the MDP model captures both the biological dynamics of fermentation and the operational tradeoffs in biomanufacturing. Results: We show that optimal bleed–feed policies have a three-way control-limit structure under mild conditions that were validated with industry data. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the marginal benefits of bleed–feed diminish as additional bleed–feeds are performed. As a practically relevant benchmark, we consider a risk-averse heuristic and identify sufficient conditions for its optimality. Managerial implications: Our analysis (supported with an industry case study) shows that bleed–feed implementation can provide benefits. Real-world implementation at MSD resulted in an 82.5% improvement in the batch yield per setup (using one bleed–feed). We find that low-risk fermentation systems benefit the most from bleed–feed implementation. We also find that the performance gap between optimal policies and the risk-averse heuristic is higher when the failure risks or the critical biomass levels are lower.

Funding: This work was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO-VENI scheme.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1163 .
Data-Driven Optimization with Distributionally Robust Second Order Stochastic Dominance Constraints
Authors: Peng Chun , Delage Erick
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the first comprehensive study of a data-driven formulation of the distributionally robust second order stochastic dominance constrained problem (DRSSDCP) that hinges on using a type-1 Wasserstein ambiguity set. It is, furthermore, for the first time shown to be axiomatically motivated in an environment with distribution ambiguity. We formulate the DRSSDCP as a multistage robust optimization problem and further propose a tractable conservative approximation that exploits finite adaptability and a scenario-based lower bounding problem. We then propose the first exact optimization algorithm for this DRSSDCP. We illustrate how the data-driven DRSSDCP can be applied in practice on resource-allocation problems with both synthetic and real data. Our empirical results show that, with a proper adjustment of the size of the Wasserstein ball, DRSSDCP can reach acceptable out-of-sample feasibility yet still generating strictly better performance than what is achieved by the reference strategy.
S-Convexity and Gross Substitutability
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Menglong
Published: November 2022

A New Concept to Study Substitute Structures in Economics and Operations Models

In “S-Convexity and Gross Substitutability,” Chen and Li propose a novel concept of S-convex functions defined on continuous spaces, which extends a key concept of M-natural-convex functions in discrete convex analysis. They develop a host of fundamental properties and characterizations of S-convex functions. In a parametric maximization model with a box constraint, they show that the set of optimal solutions is nonincreasing in the parameters if the objective function is S-concave and prove the necessity of S-concavity under some conditions. The monotonicity result finds notable inventory models. Interestingly, the authors show that S-concavity is the correct notion characterizing gross substitutability, an important concept in economics for markets with divisible goods.
On-Demand Ride-Matching in a Spatial Model with Abandonment and Cancellation
Authors: Wang Guangju , Zhang Hailun , Zhang Jiheng
Published: November 2022

Balancing the Abandonment and Cancellation of a Ride-Matching Market.

In “On-Demand Ride-Matching in a Spatial Model with Abandonment and Cancellation,” Wang, Zhang, and Zhang propose a spatial model to approximate pickup times based on the number of waiting passengers and idle drivers. They analyze the dynamics of passengers and drivers in a queueing model in which the platform can control the matching process by setting a threshold on the expected pickup time. Applying fluid approximations, we obtain accurate performance evaluations and an elegant optimality condition based on which they propose a policy that adapts to time-varying demand.
Converging Tides Lift All Boats: Consensus in Evaluation Criteria Boosts Investments in Firms in Nascent Technology Sectors
Authors: Shen Xirong (Subrina) , Li Huisi (Jessica) , Tolbert Pamela S.
Published: November 2022

Although previous studies show that the emergence of evaluation criteria for a new technology improves the life chances of well-performing firms, we theorize that consensus in such criteria among technology experts increases investments to all firms in the new sector. We provide a variety of supportive evidence for this claim. First, in an experiment with 80 Chinese investors (Study 1), we provide evidence of a causal relation between evaluation consensus and investments. We follow this with a second experiment with 412 U.S. participants (Study 2), showing that evaluation criteria consensus increases participants’ propensity to view a firm as technologically competent and to expect others to favor investing in the firm. Analyses of longitudinal archival data on investment in artificial intelligence technology firms in the United States (Study 3a) and China (Study 3b) support the generalizability of our findings. By exploring the social-cognitive processes that link evaluation criteria consensus to investors’ decisions to invest in firms in nascent technology fields, this paper advances the scholarly understanding of the microfoundations of the institutionalization processes in new market sectors.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.

Funding: This work was supported by Cornell University (Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Technology Theme Research Grant, Jeffrey S. Lehman Fund for Scholarly Exchange with China).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1493 .