bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azimuthally averaged structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014) just after peak intensity
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. , Braun Scott A.
Published: November 2018

Analyses of dropsonde data collected in Hurricane Edouard (2014) just after its mature stage are presented. These data have unprecedentedly high spatial resolution, based on 87 dropsondes released by the unmanned NASA Global Hawk from an altitude of 18 km during the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) field campaign. Attempts are made to relate the analyses of the data to theories of tropical cyclone structure and behaviour. The tangential wind and thermal fields show the classical structure of a warm‐core vortex, in this case with a secondary eyewall feature. Additionally, the equivalent potential temperature field (θe) shows the expected structure with a mid‐tropospheric minimum at outer radii and contours of θe flaring upwards and outwards at inner radii. With some imagination, these contours are roughly congruent to the surfaces of absolute angular momentum. However, details of the analysed radial velocity field are quite sensitive to the way in which the sonde data are partitioned to produce an azimuthal average. This sensitivity is compounded by an apparent limitation of the assumed steadiness of the storm over the period of data collection.
Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy: a novel confirmatory tool to diagnose asbestos‐related pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zajaczkowska Marta , Johnson Anthony , Gallur Luis , Shin Joo , Henderson Christopher , Williamson Jonathan
Published: November 2018

Asbestosis is diagnosed with a combination of historical, clinical and radiological findings in the absence of another cause. Histology is required when uncertainty exists, with lung biopsy via VATs being gold standard. Transbronchial cryobiopsy is becoming increasingly popular for diagnosing interstitial lung disease and may provide sufficient lung sample to demonstrate asbestosis. A 73 year old man presented with dyspnoea on a background of rheumatoid arthritis, previous methotrexate use and asbestos exposure. Examination revealed fine crackles in the mid and lower zones bilaterally without signs of pulmonary hypertension. The presence of pleural plaques and basal interstitial reticulation on HRCT was suggestive of asbestosis but histology was required to differentiate this from rheumatoid or methotrexate associated ILD. Samples of lung tissue were obtained via transbronchial cryobiopsy, demonstrating fibrosis and asbestos fibres consistent with asbestosis. Transbronchial cryobiopsy appears effective in obtaining sufficient parenchymal lung samples to diagnose asbestosis when clinical uncertainty exists.
Organ‐mounted robot localization via function approximation
Authors: Wood Nathan A. , Schwartzman David , Passineau Michael J. , Halbreiner M. Scott , Moraca Robert J. , Zenati Marco A. , Riviere Cameron N.
Published: November 2018

Background

Organ‐mounted robots adhere to the surface of a mobile organ as a platform for minimally invasive interventions, providing passive compensation of physiological motion. This approach is beneficial during surgery on the beating heart. Accurate localization in such applications requires accounting for the heartbeat and respiratory motion. Previous work has described methods for modeling quasi‐periodic motion of a point and registering to a static preoperative map. The existing techniques, while accurate, require several respiratory cycles to converge.

Methods

This paper presents a general localization technique for this application, involving function approximation using radial basis function (RBF) interpolation.

Results

In an experiment in the porcine model in vivo, the technique yields mean localization accuracy of 1.25 mm with a 95% confidence interval of 0.22 mm.

Conclusions

The RBF approximation provides accurate estimates of robot location instantaneously.
Transplantation of Olfactory Stem Cells with Biodegradable Hydrogel Accelerates Facial Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury
Authors: Esaki Shinichi , Katsumi Sachiyo , Hamajima Yuki , Nakamura Yoshihisa , Murakami Shingo
Published: November 2018

Olfactory mucosa contains neural stem cells, called olfactory stem cells (OSCs), which produce trophic support required for promoting axonal regeneration after nerve injury. However, the local tissue environment can reduce the viability/function of transplanted cells when placed directly on the injury. Although gelatin hydrogels have been shown to aid cell survival during transplantation, such OSC-hydrogel combinations have not been extensively tested, particularly during recovery from facial nerve palsy. In this study, OSCs were isolated from the olfactory mucosae of newborn mice and were shown to express neural stem cell markers before differentiation, as well as cell-type specific markers after differentiation, confirming their multipotency. The OSCs also secrete growth factors and various cytokines that promote nerve regeneration. To test the effects of OSC transplantation in vivo, Medgel, a biodegradable hydrogel sponge, was applied to retain OSCs around the injury site and to lessen the detrimental effects of the local environment in an established facial nerve palsy mouse model. When OSCs were transplanted into the injury site, accelerated recovery was observed for 1 week. When OSCs were transplanted with Medgel, a higher level and duration of accelerated recovery was observed. OSCs in Medgel also increased peripheral nerve function and increased the number of regenerated nerve fibers. These results suggest that OSCs implanted with Medgel accelerate and enhance recovery from facial palsy in mice. Because human OSCs can be easily obtained from olfactory mucosa biopsies with limited risk, this OSC-Medgel combination is a candidate treatment option for accelerating recovery after facial nerve injury. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:169&10
Strategic entrepreneurial behaviors: Construct and scale development
Authors: Anderson Brian S. , Eshima Yoshihiro , Hornsby Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2018

Research Summary

Delineating between conservative and entrepreneurial firms to discern the causes, consequences, and benefits of entrepreneurial behavior is a key conversation in strategic entrepreneurship research. We introduce to this conversation a new construct, Strategic Entrepreneurship Behaviors, which we argue provides several theoretical and practical benefits to scholars exploring strategic entrepreneurship phenomenon. We develop and validate a measurement model for the Strategic Entrepreneurship Behaviors construct using a three‐study design in Japan and in the United States. To facilitate reproducibility and replication of our results, we posted all data, R code, and Supporting Information on the Open Science Framework website available at https://osf.io/rqw5u/.

Managerial Summary

The driving question in strategic entrepreneurship research is the impact of an organization's entrepreneurial activity on its performance. Answering this and related questions requires careful measurement of entrepreneurial activity. Existing measures and scales served the field well, but to answer questions establishing causal relationships, we need new constructs and measures robust to causal research designs. We introduce a new construct and scale, Strategic Entrepreneurial Behaviors, to capture the firm's exploitation of new product‐market opportunities through the intended commercialization of its product innovations. We hope this new measure for a firm's entrepreneurial activity allows researchers to build more predictive theory, and to ask—and answer—new research questions that move the strategic entrepreneurship conversation forward.
Entwurf und Konstruktion der neuen Comeniusbrücke über die Elbe in Jaroměř/Tschechien
Authors: Baum Mirko , Baroš David , Janata Vladimír
Published: November 2018

Die alte Comeniusbrücke über die Elbe aus dem Jahr 1886, die das historische Zentrum der Stadt mit einem neueren Stadtteil auf dem rechten Ufer des Flusses verband, wurde im Juni 2013 vom Hochwasser zerstört. Das Autorenteam siegte in einem zur Erneuerung der Brücke ausgelobten Architektenwettbewerb mit einem ungewöhnlichen Entwurf eines dreiseitig vorgespannten Balkens. Aufgrund ihrer Subtilität fand diese Konstruktion vor allem bei den Vertretern der Denkmalpflege großen Zuspruch, denn sie versprach, das historische Stadtpanorama nur minimal zu beeinträchtigen. Die neue Brücke dient dem Fußgänger‐ und Fahrradverkehr sowie den Fahrzeugen der Unterhaltung bis zu 3,5 t Gesamtgewicht. Darüber hinaus dient sie als Träger für die Wasserleitung und die Leitungen der öffentlichen Beleuchtung. Sie ist 61,50 m lang und überspannt zwischen den Lagern 59,50 m.
Supersymmetry breaking phase in three dimensional large N gauge theories
Authors: Shimizu Kazuma , Terashima Seiji
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Three dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories are often in a gapped phase, in which SUSY is spontaneously broken, if all the matter fields are massive and decoupled in the low energy. We study this phase in the large N limit using the localization technique for the theory on the ellipsoid, which interpolates the round three sphere and the flat space compactified on S
1. We find a large N saddle point solution for the gauge theory with some massive matter fields. This solution gives a vanishing (generalized) Polyakov loop in the flat space limit, thus, it corresponds to the confining phase at the leading order in the 1/N expansion.
Calibrating and Aggregating Multi-Dimensional Concepts with Fuzzy Sets: “Human Development” and the Quality of Democracy
Authors: Berg-Schlosser Dirk
Published: November 2018

In the social sciences we often employ complex multi-dimensional concepts such as development, democracy or marketplace. In the past decades, these have become increasingly operationalized and documented in huge international databases such as those of the United Nations, the World Bank, and a host of other public or academic institutions. Serious problems arise when these data are taken at face value, as for example GDP per capita, without considering its specific context and meaning, or when multi-dimensional concepts are aggregated into single indices by such simple statistical procedures as arithmetic means. The validity of such concepts is then seriously put into question by misleading measurement or oversimplifying aggregation. The increasing use of set-theoretical methods, as in fuzzy-set QCA, now provides an important alternative by calibrating data more carefully and by aggregation procedures which allow to take necessary conditions of a multi-dimensional concept into account. This is the focus of this paper, which employs two examples of a broad, political-practical, relevance.
Central pharmacodynamic activity of solanezumab in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Willis Brian A. , Sundell Karen , Lachno D. Richard , Ferguson‐Sells Lisa R. , Case Michael G. , Holdridge Karen , DeMattos Ronald B. , Raskin Joel , Siemers Eric R. , Dean Robert A.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Solanezumab treatment was previously shown to significantly increase total (bound + unbound) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β (Aβ)1–40 and Aβ1–42 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia yet did not produce meaningful cognitive effects. This analysis assessed solanezumab's central nervous system target engagement by evaluating changes in CSF total and free Aβ isoforms and their relationship with solanezumab exposure.

Methods

CSF Aβ isoform concentrations were measured in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease dementia from a pooled EXPEDITION + EXPEDITION2 population and from EXPEDITION3. CSF solanezumab concentrations were determined from EXPEDITION3.

Results

Solanezumab produced statistically significant increases in CSF total Aβ isoforms versus placebo, which correlated with CSF solanezumab concentration. Inconsistent effects on free Aβ isoforms were observed. Solanezumab penetration into the central nervous system was low.

Discussion

Solanezumab administration engaged the central molecular target, and molar ratio analyses demonstrated that higher exposures may further increase CSF total Aβ concentrations.
Aeroallergens, air pollutants, and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis
Authors: London Nyall R. , Lina Ioan , Ramanathan Murugappan
Published: November 2018

Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are among the most common conditions worldwide with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions is multifactorial, there has been increasing evidence for the role of environmental factors such as aeroallergens and air pollutants as initiating or exacerbating factors. This review will outline the current literature focusing on the role of aeroallergens and air pollution in the pathogenesis of chronic sinonasal inflammatory conditions.
Ban-Weiss, Chakrabarty, and Guan Receive 2018 Global Environmental Change Early Career Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

George Ban-Weiss, Rajan Chakrabarty, and Kaiyu Guan will receive the Global Environmental Change Early Career Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. The award recognizes an early-career scientist “for outstanding contributions in research, educational, or societal impacts in the area of global environmental change, especially through interdisciplinary approach.”
Discovery of Hydrothermal Vent Fields on Alarcón Rise and in Southern Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California
Authors: Paduan Jennifer B. , Zierenberg Robert A. , Clague David A. , Spelz Ronald M. , Caress David W. , Troni Giancarlo , Thomas Hans , Glessner Justin , Lilley Marvin D. , Lorenson Thomas , Lupton John , Neumann Florian , Santa Rosa‐del Rio Miguel A. , Wheat C. Geoffrey
Published: November 2018

Hydrothermal vent fields located in the gap between known sites in Guaymas Basin and 21°N on the East Pacific Rise were discovered on the Alarcón Rise and in southern Pescadero Basin. The Alarcón Rise spreading segment was mapped at 1‐m resolution by an autonomous underwater vehicle. Individual chimneys were identified using the bathymetric data. Vent fields were interpreted as active from temperature anomalies in water column data and observed and sampled during remotely operated vehicle dives. The Ja Sít, Pericú, and Meyibó active fields are near the eruptive fissure of an extensive young lava flow. Vent fluids up to 360 °C from Meyibó have compositions similar to northern East Pacific Rise vents. The Tzab‐ek field is 850 m west of the volcanic axis, and active chimneys rise up to 33 m above a broad sulfide mound. The inactive field is 10 km north‐northeast along the rift axis, and most sulfide chimneys are enriched in Zn and associated elements that are transported at lower temperature compared to the more Cu‐rich active fields. In southern Pescadero Basin, the Auka field is on the margin of a sediment‐filled graben at 3,670‐m depth. Discharging fluids are clear, contain hydrocarbons, and have neutral pH, elevated salinity, and temperatures up to 291 °C. They have deposited massive mounds of calcite with minor sulfide. The fluids are compositionally similar to those in Guaymas Basin, produced by high‐temperature basalt‐seawater interaction followed by reaction with sediment. The paucity of sulfide minerals suggests subsurface deposition of metals.
Quality Measure for the Walén Relation
Authors: Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Haaland S. E. , Paschmann G. , Denton R.E.
Published: November 2018

A new quality index is proposed for quantitatively assessing the level of Alfvénicity of the flow in the magnetopause and other quasi one‐dimensional plasma/field structures. Perfect Alfvénicity is expressed by the so‐called Walén relation, which describes the agreement of the observed jump in velocity across a suitable portion of the magnetopause and the corresponding jump in Alfvén velocity. In the past, approximate agreement with this relation has been used as an important indicator of ongoing magnetic reconnection. The new index incorporates the effects of deviations in direction as well as in magnitude of the two vectors. Its properties and utility are illustrated by application to a large set of dayside magnetopause crossings by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft MMS 1. Time series for two of these events are also presented and discussed.
Wind Over the Adriatic Region in CORDEX Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Belušić Vozila Andreina , Güttler Ivan , Ahrens Bodo , Obermann‐Hellhund Anika , Telišman Prtenjak Maja
Published: November 2018

Near‐surface winds over the Adriatic region are examined under present‐day and future climate conditions for two greenhouse gas scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) with an ensemble of high‐resolution (0.11°) Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) simulations. The influence of particular combinations of regional climate models and global climate models and emission scenarios on the future changes in the near‐surface wind field has been explored in more detail. Starting with the seasonal climate change signal in large‐scale flow over the entire CORDEX domain, we focus on regional daily wind fields over the Adriatic domain and subdaily features of well‐known regional winds (Bora and Sirocco winds). The analysis reveals the strong sensitivity of the climate change signal in the simulated wind flow to (i) the choice of the global climate model that provides the boundary conditions and (ii) the analyzed locations across the Adriatic region. The results of the 21st‐century projections indicate that the changes in synoptic activity have an impact on the wind field at the (sub)daily time scale. We found a reduction in the number of Bora events and increase in the number of Sirocco events in northern Adriatic during the winter season, with an increase in pressure in the middle of the 21st century. Overall, the mean wind speed during Bora and Sirocco events is reduced, except for Bora in northern Adriatic. For the summer season, we found a large increase in the number of thermally induced flows, which is probably caused by the weakening of the Azores High.
The Geological Evolution of the Variscan Jebilet Massif, Morocco, Inferred From New Structural and Geochronological Analyses
Authors: Delchini S. , Lahfid A. , Lacroix B. , Baudin T. , Hoepffner C. , Guerrot C. , Lach P. , Saddiqi O. , Ramboz C.
Published: November 2018

The present work aims at understanding the tectonic evolution of the Jebilet massif, Morocco, during the Late Paleozoic as constrained by structural, metamorphic, and geochronological studies. From Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous, bordering faults controlled the opening of the Jebilet intracontinental basin (D0 stage) as shown by sedimentary infill. This episode was accompanied by a magmatic activity, newly dated between 358 ± 7 Ma and 336 ± 4 Ma. The first record of the Variscan event affected the Jebilet by the Late Visean‐Namurian and is represented by allochthonous superficial nappes emplaced at shallow depth in a moderately lithified sedimentary succession. D1 also developed regional‐scale recumbent folds trending E‐W that may suggest N‐S crustal shortening not generating crustal thickening nor contributing to metamorphism. The main Variscan D2 episode consists of a progressive evolution from bulk coaxial deformation to noncoaxial dextral transpression consistent with NW‐SE horizontal shortening, resulting in a moderate thickening. This episode was accompanied by HT‐LP metamorphism and syntectonic intrusions controlled by an inherited thermal anomaly in relation with the intracontinental rifting stage (D0). Based on previous age determinations from syntectonic leucogranite and metamorphic rocks, D2 is dated between 310 and 280 Ma. The tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Jebilet massif can be correlated with a plate‐tectonic scenario evolving from, first a Late Devonian‐Early Carboniferous basin formation during stretching of the north‐Gondwana margin and initiation of the Paleotethys Ocean, and, second, to a Late Carboniferous‐Early Permian ocean closure (Rheic or Paleotethys Oceans depending of scenarios) that resulted in the final Variscan‐Alleghanian tectonics.
The 3‐D Structural Model of an Out‐of‐Sequence Earthquake in China: Implication for the Reactivation of Positive Inversion Structures Along the Northern Tianshan Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt
Authors: Li Yiquan , Wei Dongtao , Tian Hao , Jia Dong , Fang Lihua , Yan Bing , Luo Ao
Published: November 2018

The intracontinental earthquake behavior is not well understood due to its complexity in the interior of the continent. The Tianshan Mountain is located in the interior of the Eurasian plate, which was rejuvenated in the Cenozoic due to the India‐Asia collision and sourced several large earthquakes. The 2016 Hutubi earthquake occurred within the northern Tianshan, China, during rupture of a high‐angle back‐thrust toward the hinterland, which broke the long‐time quiescence in the mountain front. The geometry, dynamics, and hazard implications of this earthquake on an out‐of‐sequence thrust fault remains unclear. The 3‐D structural model shows that the coseismic fault is connected to the large‐scale blind Southern Junggar thrust, which sourced the 1906 Mw ~8 Manas earthquake. The geometry of the coseismic fault and the occurrence of extensional tectonics in the Jurassic suggest that the Hutubi earthquake occurred on a reactivated rift‐related structure. To test this hypothesis and study the kinematics, we performed sandbox modeling, with results suggesting that coseismic fault can form during positive inversion of a preexisting Jurassic rift, and that the Southern Junggar thrust and related structures may be recently active. Coal beds facilitated the transfer of fault slip and strain from mountain to basin and from basal to roof detachment. We propose that the preexisting rift and related sedimentation controlled the subsequent structure and geomorphology of the mountain belt through thrust wedge formation. This study provides a typical example for the study of intracontinental inversion structure and its earthquake behavior.
Cenozoic Exhumation and Foreland Basin Evolution of the Zagros Orogen During the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision, Western Iran
Authors: Barber Douglas E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Horton Brian K. , Koshnaw Renas I.
Published: November 2018

Cenozoic exhumation patterns in the internal and external Zagros reveal a long‐term deformation record associated with geodynamic restructuring of Arabia‐Eurasia collisional zone from continental subduction to plate suturing, which can be evaluated from thermochronometric, provenance, and subsidence analyses. Thermal modeling of zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He ages and apatite fission track data from the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone (SSZ) indicates exhumation and inferred uplift along the leading edge of Eurasia starting in the Late Eocene (~35 Ma), coeval with initial foreland flexural subsidence of Arabia. Together with deceleration in Arabia‐Eurasia convergence and diminished subduction‐related magmatism, these events signal the final Neotethys closure and onset of long‐term (15–20 Myr) Arabian continental subduction beneath Eurasia, facilitated by the attenuated architecture of the precollisional Arabian margin. From 35 to 20 Ma, crustal shortening was relatively subdued and restricted to areas along the Arabia‐Eurasia plate boundary and diffuse inversion structures within continental interiors. Acceleration in SSZ cooling/exhumation rates from 19 to 16 Ma was synchronous with rapid basin subsidence and clastic progradation in the Zagros foreland. These events were contemporaneous with 20‐ to 16‐Ma surge in calc‐alkaline magmatism in central Iran and may have been linked to reorganization/deflection of Arabian plate vectors during the main phase of Red Sea rifting at 19–18 Ma. Transition from continental subduction to Arabia‐Eurasia suturing by ~12 Ma forced a transfer of strain from the subduction zone to intraplate deformational structures. This was marked by rapid outward expansion of the Zagros orogen, involving a shift in exhumation from the SSZ to Zagros fold‐thrust belt and Iranian plate interior.
Challenges in the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnostics of myeloid malignancies into clinical routine use
Authors: Bacher Ulrike , Shumilov Evgenii , Flach Johanna , Porret Naomi , Joncourt Raphael , Wiedemann Gertrud , Fiedler Martin , Novak Urban , Amstutz Ursula , Pabst Thomas
Published: November 2018

Given the vast phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of acute and chronic myeloid malignancies, hematologists have eagerly awaited the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) into the routine diagnostic armamentarium to enable a more differentiated disease classification, risk stratification, and improved therapeutic decisions. At present, an increasing number of hematologic laboratories are in the process of integrating NGS procedures into the diagnostic algorithms of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Inevitably accompanying such developments, physicians and molecular biologists are facing unexpected challenges regarding the interpretation and implementation of molecular genetic results derived from NGS in myeloid malignancies. This article summarizes typical challenges that may arise in the context of NGS-based analyses at diagnosis and during follow-up of myeloid malignancies.
Combinational Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation Derived from Atrial Appendage and Plasma Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Lai Songqing , Hua Xiumeng , Gao Ran , Zeng Liang , Song Jiangping , Liu Jichun , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of arrhythmias and often leads to clinical complications. The objectives of this study were to offer insights into the metabolites of AF and to determine biomarkers for AF diagnosis or prediction. Sixty atrial appendage samples (AF group: 30; non-AF group: 30) and 163 plasma samples (AF group: 48; non-AF group: 115) from 49 AF patients and 116 non-AF patients were subjected to liquid chromatography positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) metabolomics analysis. Consequently, 24 metabolites in atrial appendage samples and 24 metabolites in plasma samples were found to reflect metabolic differences between AF and non-AF patients (variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥ 1, P ≤ 0.05). Five identical metabolites including creatinine, D-glutamic acid, choline, hypoxanthine, and niacinamide (VIP ≥ 1.5, P < 0.01, FDR < 0.05) in atrial appendage and plasma samples were considered prominent features of AF patients, and the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolic pathway was also identified as a feature of AF patients. Finally, in plasma samples, the combination of D-glutamic acid, creatinine, and choline had an AUC value of 0.927 (95% CI: 0.875–0.979, P < 0.001) and displayed 90.5% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity; this group of metabolites was thus defined as a combinational biomarker for the recognition of AF and non-AF patients.
Natural language generation for electronic health records
Authors: Lee Scott H.
Published: November 2018

One broad goal of biomedical informatics is to generate fully-synthetic, faithfully representative electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate data sharing between healthcare providers and researchers and promote methodological research. A variety of methods existing for generating synthetic EHRs, but they are not capable of generating unstructured text, like emergency department (ED) chief complaints, history of present illness, or progress notes. Here, we use the encoder–decoder model, a deep learning algorithm that features in many contemporary machine translation systems, to generate synthetic chief complaints from discrete variables in EHRs, like age group, gender, and discharge diagnosis. After being trained end-to-end on authentic records, the model can generate realistic chief complaint text that appears to preserve the epidemiological information encoded in the original record-sentence pairs. As a side effect of the model’s optimization goal, these synthetic chief complaints are also free of relatively uncommon abbreviation and misspellings, and they include none of the personally identifiable information (PII) that was in the training data, suggesting that this model may be used to support the de-identification of text in EHRs. When combined with algorithms like generative adversarial networks (GANs), our model could be used to generate fully-synthetic EHRs, allowing healthcare providers to share faithful representations of multimodal medical data without compromising patient privacy. This is an important advance that we hope will facilitate the development of machine-learning methods for clinical decision support, disease surveillance, and other data-hungry applications in biomedical informatics.
Construction of a micro/nano structured surface on a β-TCP/CaSiO3 bioceramic promotes osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhao Naru , Guo Xiaoheng , Duan Haibo , Diao Jingjing , Dong Yifan , Wang Yingjun
Published: November 2018

We report a simple and practical process to construct surface structures with water as the only reagent system; the additive-free system provides regulated structures with few defects and impurities.
The stability and unexpected chemistry of oxide clusters
Authors: Yu Xiaohu , Oganov Artem R. , Zhu Qiang , Qi Fei , Qian Guangrui
Published: November 2018

The stability of FemOn clusters is determined by second energy differences.
Differential steric effects in the inelastic scattering of NO(X) + Ar: spin–orbit changing transitions
Authors: Brouard M. , Gordon S. D. S. , Nichols B. , Walpole V. , Aoiz F. J. , Stolte S.
Published: November 2018

The differential steric effect for spin–orbit changing collisions of NO with Ar is determined for the first time.
Preparation and characterization of a novel silica–KF composite and facile fluorination of aromatic substrates
Authors: Patel Sagar S. , Bochare Machhindra D. , Degani Mariam S.
Published: November 2018

Excess of fluoride anions on the surface of silica–KF prepared by hydrolysis of TEOS leads to fluorination of aromatic substrates.
Fructose recognition using new “Off–On” fluorescent chemical probes based on boronate-tagged 1,8-naphthalimide
Authors: Seraj Sanaz , Rouhani Shohre , Faridbod Farnoush
Published: November 2018

A fluorescent probe with a planar structure was designed based on a PET mechanism to detect fructose with lower LOD than analytical methods.
M24+ paddlewheel clusters as junction points in single-chain nanoparticles
Authors: Knöfel Nicolai D. , Rothfuss Hannah , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Roesky Peter W.
Published: November 2018

A straightforward approach to incorporate copper and molybdenum dimetallic clusters into well-defined single-chain nanoparticles, featuring unique paddlewheel structures as junction points, is introduced.
Awakening to chemistry through storytelling and practical activities: middle school students interacting with pre-school children
Authors: Morais C. , Araújo J. L. , Saúde I.
Published: November 2018

A storytelling approach has been seen as a powerful way to teach science and arouse interest and promote positive attitudes toward learning science in the early years. The purpose of our study was to determine how middle school students – Key Stage 3 (KS3) aged 12–14 in Portuguese schools – experienced learning chemistry through storytelling and how they, in turn, experienced creating stories using a storytelling approach with pre-school children. We aimed to perceive the appropriation of concepts of chemistry by the pre-school children through their drawings, the results collected during the pedagogical intervention and the recordings of the discussions between the pre-school children, the students and the pre-school teachers. The KS3 students were also given a self-assessment questionnaire as a way of assessing the pedagogical dynamics and the drive and motivation to learn chemistry. The study involved 53 children: 16 from KS3 and 37 from pre-school. The intervention took place during the KS3 students’ chemistry classes and during the pre-schoolers’ “storytelling moment”, a weekly 1 hour activity that took place at their kindergarten. We found that the use of a storytelling approach complemented with hands-on activities, as a strategy to teach acid–base content to KS3 students, contributed to their learning. Moreover, it was an important experience, which motivated them to write their stories and to prepare the activities for the pre-schoolers. We also found that the interaction of the older students with the pre-schoolers was profitable for both parts, since this type of activity promotes the acquisition of knowledge. During the “storytelling moment” and the hands-on activities with the pre-schoolers, we were able to witness that the younger students understood the concepts, enjoyed the interaction and felt captivated to learn science, through the questions they posed, the informal conversations and the drawings they made. This study showed us that the use of stories and hands-on activities is an effective strategy in motivating young people to learn chemistry.
CoO-modified Co4N as a heterostructured electrocatalyst for highly efficient overall water splitting in neutral media
Authors: Li Rui-Qing , Hu Pengfei , Miao Meng , Li Yongle , Jiang Xiang-Fen , Wu Qiang , Meng Zhen , Hu Zheng , Bando Yoshio , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: November 2018

A CoO-domain-coated porous Co4N array was integrated for bifunctional catalysis of overall water splitting with a low voltage of 1.79 V in neutral media.
Binary N,S-doped carbon nanospheres from bio-inspired artificial melanosomes: A route to efficient air electrodes for seawater batteries
Authors: Khan Ziyauddin , Park Sung O , Yang Juchan , Park Seungyoung , Shanker Ravi , Song Hyun-Kon , Kim Youngsik , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: November 2018

N,S-doped carbon nanoshpers (NSCSs) were prepared by bio-inspired artificial melanin and were explored as air electrode in seawater-electrolyte based cells under flow off and on both mode.
Induction of mitochondrial apoptosis for cancer therapy via dual-targeted cascade-responsive multifunctional micelles
Authors: Wei Guoqing , Wang Yi , Huang Xuehui , Yang Guang , Zhao Jingya , Zhou Shaobing
Published: November 2018

A dual-targeted cascade-responsive multifunctional micelle is fabricated, which can carry the therapeutic agent into the mitochondrion to induce mitochondrial apoptosis.
Design principle of all-inorganic halide perovskite-related nanocrystals
Authors: Sun Qisheng , Ni Chaolun , Yu Yangchun , Attique Sanam , Wei Siyuan , Ci Zhipeng , Wang Jiangwei , Yang Shikuan
Published: November 2018

The formation mechanism of the all-inorganic halide perovskite (AIHP)-related (e.g., CsPbBr3, Cs4PbBr6, and CsPb2Br5) nanocrystals have been studied, which is helpful to realize rational design of AIHP-related nanocrystals.
Changing Developmental Trajectories of Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Strategies for Bridging Research to Community Practice
Authors: Wetherby Amy M. , Woods Juliann , Guthrie Whitney , Delehanty Abigail , Brown Jennifer A. , Morgan Lindee , Holland Renee D. , Schatschneider Christopher , Lord Catherine
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The need for community-viable, evidence-based intervention strategies for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a national priority. The purpose of this research forum article is to identify gaps in intervention research and needs in community practice for toddlers with ASD, incorporate published findings from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Early Social Interaction (ESI) model (Wetherby et al., 2014) to illustrate community-based intervention, report new findings on child active engagement from the ESI RCT, and offer solutions to bridge the research-to-community practice gap.

Method

Research findings were reviewed to identify gaps in the evidence base for toddlers with ASD. Published and new findings from the multisite ESI RCT compared the effects of two different ESI conditions for 82 toddlers with ASD to teach parents how to support active engagement in natural environments.

Results

The RCT of the ESI model was the only parent-implemented intervention that reported differential treatment effects on standardized measures of child outcomes, including social communication, developmental level, and adaptive behavior. A new measure of active engagement in the natural environment was found to be sensitive to change in 3 months for young toddlers with ASD and to predict outcomes on the standardized measures of child outcomes. Strategies for utilizing the Autism Navigator collection of web-based courses and tools using extensive video footage for families and professional development are offered for scaling up in community settings to change developmental trajectories of toddlers with ASD.

Conclusions

Current health care and education systems are challenged to provide intervention of adequate intensity for toddlers with ASD. The use of innovative technology can increase acceleration of access to evidence-based early intervention for toddlers with ASD that addresses health disparities, enables immediate response as soon as ASD is suspected, and rapidly bridges the research-to-practice gap.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7297817
Long short term memory network is capable of capturing complex hysteretic dynamics in piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Zhou Rui , Huo Mingying
Published: November 2018

This Letter demonstrates the capability of long short term memory (LSTM) network in capturing the complex hysteretic dynamics in piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). A LSTM network is constructed to model the PEAs' complex dynamics, which includes static hysteresis, creep, high‐order dynamics. The network is trained and evaluated by data sets of input–output pairs with different frequencies and amplitudes. Preliminary results show that, even for the simplest topology, namely one layer with one cell, the LSTM network provides a satisfactory precision in a wide frequency range. Thus, LSTM networks may provide a new approach to approximate the dynamics in complex engineering systems.
Coherent dual‐band radar system based on a unique antenna and a photonics‐based transceiver
Authors: Brandão Tiago Henrique , Scotti Filippo , Filgueiras Hugo Rodrigues Dias , Alves Andreia Aparecida de Castro , Onori Daniel , Melo Suzanne , Bogoni Antonella , Cerqueira Sodré Arismar
Published: November 2018

This study reports the development of a coherent dual‐band radar system consisting of a frequency selective surface (FSS)‐based dual‐band focal‐point/Cassegrain parabolic antenna and a single photonics‐based transceiver. The proposed antenna enables to simultaneously operate in the S and X bands due to the use of an FSS‐based sub‐reflector. Numerical and experimental results of the antenna reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and gain have been shown in excellent agreement for both frequency bands. Furthermore, the proposed dual‐band antenna has been applied in conjunction with a photonics‐based coherent dual‐band radio‐frequency transceiver operating in the same bands. The authors’ innovative radar system has been properly validated by the detection and ranging of a commercial aircraft and a helicopter on a building roof, using S and X bands concurrently.
Rapid design method and new contours for a class of three dimensional supersonic nozzle of arbitrary exit cross section
Authors: Zebbiche Toufik
Published: November 2018

The aim of this work is to develop a new and rapid numerical method for designing a new contour of the supersonic nozzle with arbitrary exit cross sections as a class of three dimensional nozzle extracted from the calculation of stationary flow solutions in axisymmetric nozzle. The application is made for nozzle giving a uniform and parallel flow at the exit section. The determination of the points of the axisymmetric nozzle contours in a non-dimensional manner with respect to the arbitrary throat radius is necessary. The exit section of the nozzle must be discretized at several points. The radii of the points of the throat section are determined by equalizing the ratio of the axisymmetric critical sections corresponding to each selected point of the exit section. Each point passes a contour of the nozzle to the throat where their position is determined by the multiplication of the non-dimensional positions of the axisymmetric nozzle point by the throat radius of this contour. A uniform portion is added at the end of each contour to compensate the decrease in its length. Longitudinal discretization of the nozzle is necessary. The flow properties of each point are the same as those of the points of the axisymmetric nozzle. The temperature and the deviation of the flow at each point of any section are determined by their interpolations between two successive points of each contour. The Mach number, the pressure and the density are determined accordingly. The application is made for air at high temperature lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules.
Influence of the vessel shape and the equation of state on the formation of a pulse wave in the 1D hemodynamics model
Authors: Davydova Svetamira G. , Kiselev Ilya N. , Biberdorf Elina A.
Published: November 2018

This paper is devoted to the problem of adequate mathematical modeling of the pulse wave using a 1D hemodynamics model. This is possible provided that the conditions of wave propagation and reflections are correctly established and translated into the model. We analyze how the propagation of the forward and backward waves in the model is affected by the boundary conditions, the choice of the filtration coefficient at the ends of terminal arteries, and the modeled vessel geometry. We also propose an equation of state based on experimental data acquired in vivo.
Unterarmfrakturen und distale Radiusfrakturen bei Kindern
Authors: Sundermann Britta , Mörs Katharina , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo
Published: November 2018

Frakturen des Unterarms sind mit 40% die häufigsten Knochenverletzungen im Wachstumsalter. Die Diagnose wird mittels konventioneller Röntgenaufnahmen in 2 Ebenen gestellt. Prinzipiell kann man die Frakturen in Epiphysenlösungen und -frakturen, Grünholzfrakturen und Wulst-/Stauchungsfrakturen, komplette distale Radius oder Unterarm- bzw. Unterarmschaftfrakturen sowie als Sonderformen die Monteggia- und Galeazzi-Verletzungen unterteilen. Wichtig ist es bei der Versorgung von Frakturen im Kindesalter bei einem minimalen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Aufwand ein optimales Behandlungsergebnis zu erreichen. Dabei sollten nicht nur die Kriterien der Instabilität, Dislokation und das Alter, sondern auch immer das enorme Korrekturpotenzial des Knochens im Kindesalter berücksichtigt werden. Andererseits ist es wichtig, dass durch Fehlwachstum auch keine vermeidbaren funktionellen Einschränkungen entstehen. Je nach Art und Dislokation kann man sich dann für ein rein konservatives Vorgehen oder eine operative Versorgung entscheiden. Bei der operativen Versorgung stehen die Kirschner-Draht-Osteosynthese, die elastisch stabile Marknagelung (ESIN) oder als alternative Techniken in besonderen Fällen die Versorgung mittels Plattenosteosynthese oder Fixateur externe zur Verfügung. Bei adäquater Therapie ist die Prognose bei Frakturen im Kindesalter hervorragend und die überwiegende Anzahl der Verletzungen heilt folgenlos aus.
Schaftfrakturen – untere Extremitäten
Authors: Kreis Carolin , Wähnert Dirk , Raschke Michael
Published: November 2018

Schaftfrakturen der unteren Extremitäten im Kindesalter treten mit einer Häufigkeit von 14% auf und zeigen einen Altersgipfel zwischen dem 5. und 6. Lebensjahr. Tibiaschaftfrakturen gehören dabei zu den häufigsten Frakturen der unteren Extremitäten im Kindesalter. Die Behandlung von Schaftfrakturen der unteren Extremitäten im Kindes- und Wachstumsalter bedarf des Wissens um die besonderen biomechanischen und physiologischen Eigenschaften des kindlichen Knochens sowie der operativen und konservativen Therapiemaßnahmen. Auch bei Verletzungen im Kindesalter – besonders bei diaphysären Frakturen – ist die nativradiologische Diagnostik die Standarddiagnostik. Nicht dislozierte Schaftfrakturen im Kindesalter gelten als Domäne der konservativen Therapie. Insgesamt besteht bei Frakturen im Kindesalter ein gutes Korrekturpotenzial, vor allem in der Sagittalebene. Rotationsfehler und Längenverkürzungen werden im Gegensatz dazu kaum ausgeglichen.
Diagnostik und Therapie von Verletzungen am proximalen Femur und Beckenavulsionsverletzungen bei Kindern sowie der Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris
Authors: Ziebarth Kai , Kaiser Nadine , Liebs Thoralf
Published: November 2018

Obwohl es sich bei Avulsionsverletzungen des Beckens, Frakturen des proximalen Femurs und der Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris um relativ seltene Krankheitsbilder handelt, ist eine korrekte Diagnostik und Therapie essentiell um langfristige Beschwerden und Einschränkungen zu verhindern. Eine Kenntnis der kindlichen Anatomie ist Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung. Frakturen am proximalen Femur müssen größtenteils operiert und anatomisch reponiert werden, da wenig Remodellierungspotenzial besteht. Schenkelhalsfrakturen müssen kontrolliert reponiert werden, um die Gefäßversorgung des Femurkopfes nicht zu gefährden. Es empfiehlt sich somit eine offene Reposition. Avulsionsverletzungen müssen bei Sportverletzungen beim Kind aktiv gesucht werden und können klinisch angesichts der starken Schmerzangaben häufig dramatisch erscheinen. Die Domäne der Avulsionsverletzung ist die konservative Therapie. Ein Kind zwischen 10 und 16 Jahren mit Knieschmerzen und eingeschränkter Hüftrotation oder hinkendem Gangbild muss zum Ausschluss einer ECF radiologisch abgeklärt werden. Das positive Drehmann-Zeichen ist klinisch pathognomonisch für eine ECF. Klinische Klassifikationen können die Stabilität der Wachstumsfuge nicht genau vorhersagen, daher ist nach Diagnosestellung eine Stockentlastung bis zur operativen Versorgung empfehlenswert. Die Behandlung der ECF besteht immer in der operativen Stabilisation des Femurkopfes mit Schrauben oder Drähten und, je nachdem, in der anatomischen Wiederherstellung der proximalen femoralen Anatomie.
Fasciotomy for Lateral Lower-leg Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: van Zantvoort Aniek , de Bruijn Johan , Hundscheid Henricus , van der Cruijsen-Raaijmakers Marike , Teijink Joep , Scheltinga Marc
Published: November 2018

Exercise-induced lower leg pain may be caused by chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Anterior or deep posterior compartments are usually affected. Knowledge about CECS of the lateral compartment (lat-CECS) is limited and outcome after fasciotomy is unknown. The purpose of this study is to report on success rates of fasciotomy in patients with lat-CECS. Surgical success rates in patients with lat-CECS diagnosed with a dynamic intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurement were studied using a questionnaire (success: excellent or good as judged by the patient; unsuccessful: moderate, fair or poor). We conducted ICP measurements in 247 patients for suspected lat-CECS, of whom 78 were positively diagnosed. Following exclusion (n=11), 30 of the eligible 67 patients completed the questionnaire. Bilateral (70%, n=21/30) exertional pain (97%, n=29) and a feeling of tightness (93%, n=28) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Four years after fasciotomy, severity and frequency of symptoms had dropped significantly. Long-term surgical success was reported by 33% (n=10; excellent n=4, good n=6). Seventy-three percent (n=22) had resumed sports activities (9 same level, 13 lower level). In conclusion, a fasciotomy for lat-CECS was successful in the long term in just one of three operated patients in this retrospective study.