bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Kinematical Performance Analysis of a Kind of Parallel Turning-Grinding Machine
Authors: Yuan Suo Xian , Wen Xue Long , Hu Ming
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a new type of two 2-DOF Parallel 2PRR institution, with the unique advantages such as simple motion modeling and easy calculation of the positive and negative solution, operating a large space, simple structure and easy to control, etc. This parallel mechanism can not only be used for the development of glass cutting, grinding materials, milling, processing equipment, spare parts and other planes, but also can be used as a multi-DOF hybrid machine tool flat actuator parallel mechanism which can give full play the advantages of strong reconfiguration, with the main different combinations of auxiliary bodies and set up to meet the individual needs of the user reconfigurable manufacturing cell to be more complex parts processing and high-speed machining.
Development of a Reverse Micro EDM-Drilling for Holing Diamond-Tool
Authors: Chen Shun Tong , Jiang Zong Han , Wu Yi Ying , Yang Hong Ye
Published: August 2010

This study presents the development of a drilling technique for an innovative tabletop drilling machine that combines micro-EDM with drilling to fabricate micro-holes in diamond-tool. The mechanisms designs of double V-shaped bearings and double spindles which provide a precision clamping and vertical alignment for diamond-tool and micro-tube are devised to enable to machine a co-centric micro-hole for micro-tool. A diamond-tool, made with copper-based sintered alloy, is drilled by using the developed technique of co-centric micro-hole EDM-drilling into a hollow shaft which can create equilibrium of drilling forces, prevent a drilling squeezing to be occurred and enable to offer a temporary storing space for drilling chips. Relative experiments including the determinations of drilling ratio and discharge capacitance are carried out via this established machine. Experimental results show that excellent geometric and dimensional accuracy of micro-holes on the diamond-tool can be achieved.
Grinding and Polishing of Nanolayered Structures: Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Panels
Authors: Sumitomo Taro , Zhou Li Bo , Huang Han
Published: August 2010

Thin film solar cells are expected to play a key role in the next generation of photovoltaic devices, due to low costs and manufacturing advantages. Their functionality would be increased further if thin film solar panels were able to be machined efficiently without affecting the integrity of the nanoscale component layers. In this work, we investigated the effects of grinding and polishing processes on the integrity of solar panels. With the limited selection of grinding wheels and abrasive sizes, surface roughness and chipping were in the order of micrometers, while the use of diamond film polishing resulted in roughness in the order of nanometers with minimal damage to the layers.
Wear of Polishing Pad and Pattern Optimization of Fixed Abrasive Pad
Authors: Li Mao , Zhu Yong Wei , Li Jun , Ye Jian Feng , Fan Ji Long
Published: August 2010

The polishing pad plays a significant role in the Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process and its wear influences the surface accuracy of the polished wafer. A new polishing pad wear model is introduced and the law of pad wear along the pad radius is discussed, thus a new FAP with optimized pattern is designed and prepared in order. The flatness of the wafer lapped with a uniform pattern pad and that with an optimized pattern was compared. Results show that the PV value of the latter is lower that of the former.
Mold Fabricated by Nanoscratching for Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Ohsone Wataru , Shimizu Jun , Zhou Li Bo , Ojima Hirotaka , Onuki Teppei , Yamamoto Takeyuki , Huang Han
Published: August 2010

The MEMS technology for various nano/micro devices often requires special facilities and complicated and multistage processes, thus the fabrication cost is extremely high. This research aimed to fabricate nanoscale basic structures on silicon substrates using nanoscratching, which can be potentially used to make nano/micro molds for nanoimprint lithography. In this study, various nano/micro-scale structures, such as groove and, single and multiple layer structures were generated on the silicon substrate using an atomic force microscope equipped with a sharp probe made of monocrystalline diamond. The nanoimprint experiment was also performed using the fabricated single-step mold and silicon-resin to fabricate single island structures.
A Study of Uncut Chips Produced by CNT Grinding Wheel
Authors: Zhang Y. , Gao Y. , You J.
Published: August 2010

Nano structures such as CNTs were proposed to be directly used as cutting grains to fully utilize the nice mechanical and thermal properties for nano machining. To further understand the CNT abrasive tool, a theoretical study of the CNT uncut chip model was conducted together with preliminary experimental tests to investigate the chip generation in the nano machining process. We found that the CNT distribution was not even in the CNT layer of the wheel. Based this finding, a grain spacing model and a feed of workpiece per cutting edge model were developed. Theoretical results were all very small. It was also found that individual workpiece chips were difficult to find due to small sizes. Further work is necessary. Furthermore, Chip gelling effect was found. The reasons were due to agglomeration and epoxy melting. Experimental results were found agree with our theoretical results.
Investigation of Surface Integrity in Conventional Grinding of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Guo Guo Giang , Liu Zhi Qiang , Cai Xiao Jiang , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: August 2010

This paper investigates the surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V in conventional grinding using SiC abrasive, it includes surface roughness, surface topography, surface residual stress and metallurgical structure alteration. The experiment result indicated that grinding depth and feed rate have significant effect on surface roughness. Workpiece ground surface was free of crack, but severe plastic deformation layer and light burn appeared because of chemical reactions and mechanical factors. Ground surface was in a state of high tensile residual stress, thermal cycling of surface layer had the greatest effect. The machined surface experienced microstructure alteration on the top layer of ground surface, a heat-affected zone (HAZ) was observed.
Characteristics and Polishing Effect of Abrasive Jet Beam with Polymer Abrasive Suspension Additives
Authors: Luo Wu Sheng , Wang Cheng Yong , Song Yue Xian , Liao Yan Pei
Published: August 2010

We compared the characteristics and polishing effect of abrasive suspension slurry jets with and without high polymer added. Results show that adding high polymer to the slurry jet leads to more concentrated jet beam and, consequently, surface roughness in the jet polished region is approximately equal and the interface between polished and unpolished regions is narrowed. We also examined the surface forming process polishing with slurry jet added with high polymer, and then proposed a polishing model of the process.
Polish Properties of Nano-Cluster Diamonds on Glass Substrates
Authors: Sung S.H. , Cheng Y.C. , Tan A.H.
Published: August 2010

Hard disk substrates play a key role in the data storage process of magnetic storage hard disk drives (HDDs). However, a potential failure mode exists with the head clearance requirements caused by surface variation which is induced by substrate nano-asperities. Consequently, developing a polish process to eliminate surface asperities and residual surface defects in the glass substrate disks process is therefore a necessity to meet the challenges of future technology. Currently, the leading candidate utilizes nano cluster diamond (NCD) abrasive which is a synthetic diamond created in a controlled explosion process. A great effort is now underway to modify these NCD clusters to reduce light scratches and asperities in the perpendicular magnetic recording media polish process. Three distinct diamond types of NCD-90, NCD-80 and NCD-70 were utilized in this study. The major difference among these three distinct cluster diamond types is the diamond percentage amounts. Because of the differing diamond percentage content, one achieves a different structure which changes the polish properties. HRTEM, XPS, Raman, BET, AFM, Optical Surface Analyzer and disk defect testers were used for the diamond particles, polished substrate and disk analysis. The detail shall be discussed in this study.
Plastic Flow and Related Wear Mechanisms of CVD TiC Coatings
Authors: Chien Hsi Hsin , Ma Kung Jeng , Yeh Yun Peng , Vattikuti S. Prabhakar , Kuo Chien Hung , Chao Choung Lii
Published: August 2010

Ceramic coatings have been widely used in cutting tools and various machine parts. Even though high strengths have been obtained in most ceramic coatings, it has also been shown that ceramic coatings undergo extensive plastic deformation during scratch and wear tests. Therefore, it is essential to understand the plastic flow and related friction and wear behaviour.
Reciprocating multipass wear tests have been carried out on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) TiC coatings. Obvious plastic flow was observed on the rough surface of CVD TiC ceramic coatings in the first sliding, due to the extremely high contact pressure developed on the contact asperities. However, shake down may be quickly reached after several subsequent traverses. In further repeated traverses, the plastic-elastic flow accumulates residual strain energy to the point where cracking, microbuckling, and microflaking may occur along the elastic-plastic interfaces behind the indenter. The new rough surface will appear after the detachment of the heavily strained plate-like wear debris. The repeated sliding allows the process- “plastic flow of asperities - flatten the surface and shake down - microbuckling and detachment of strained layer” to continue until the coating is totally worn out.
Experimental Research on Wear Random Process
Authors: Sun Zhi Li , Zhang Yun Feng , Yan Yu Tao
Published: August 2010

The wear volume is obtained by means of experiment and the wear random process model is established according to the result. The Carbon steel material is used and the samples are grouped five after surface treatment, each group tests six times under the same condition. The wear volume under each wear time shows big dispersion. The additional study indicates that the sample has the large wear volume is in the serious wear state from the beginning, and the wear of running-in phase is inflected by the work velocity and the state condition of the surface of the samples. The wear process which the mean value is a constant and the standard deviation is different is a normal process generally, it is a stationary normal process if the standard deviation has no relation to the start of the wear time, or a Wiener process if the standard deviation is liner with the wear time, it is valuable to forecast the wear reliability.
Characteristics Before and After Heat Treatment of Co-Free AB3-Type Fe Substituted Hydrogen Storage Alloys Used for Ni-MH Batteries
Authors: Wu Feng , Zhang Min Yu , Mu Dao Bin
Published: August 2010

In this paper, a series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method, and melted alloys were treated by low temperature-short time heat annealing. XRD results indicate that the main phase of melted La0.7Mg0.3Ni3-xFex (x=0.0~0.4) alloys are LaMg2Ni9 and LaNi5 phase. After heat treatment, some LaMg2Ni9 phase transferred into LaNi3 phase because of the loss of Mg during the heat proceeding. The content of Fe element affects phase structure of alloys and led to different electrochemical properties. Heat treatment has positive effects on cycle stability of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3-xFex (x=0.0~0.4) alloys but could cause little reduction of discharge capacity of Fe substituted alloy. However, the discharge capacity of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Fe0.2 alloy increased after heat treatment. The EIS results show that heat treatment has positive effect on H transfer within alloy, and Fe content is related to the diffusion coefficient of H atoms within alloys.
Shock-Induced the Ignition Mechanism of Micrometer Aluminum/Propylene Oxide
Authors: Yuan Chang Ying , Yan Zheng Xin
Published: August 2010

An incident shock tube technique has been used to measure the ignition delay time for propylene oxide-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures in the temperature range of 900 to 1250K. Ignition delay times of CO*(460.3nm) and AlO (470.5nm) were measured using pressure sensors under series of shock strength. The ignition time of AlO was linearly decreased as the induced shock wave strength was increased. The spectral intensities of AlO under corresponding to shock wave strength were evaluated by intensity CCD(ICCD) spectral system triggered by optic signal.
Surface Treatment of 45 Steels by Plasma Beam Alloying and Plasma Surface Quenching
Authors: Shi Kai Yuan , Hu Shu Bing , Xu Wen , Huang Qi Wen
Published: August 2010

Plasma beam is currently advisable and advantageous in surface modification for several reasons; for instants, high energy, portability and low cost. In this study, plasma beam was employed to deposit pre-paste, and also used for surface quenching. The results are shown that a uniformed harden layer free of crack and porosities with a thickness of 1.8-2.2mm can be produced by both two methods. After plasma beam alloying, the overlayer with obvious two interfaces can achieve a maximum hardness of 1100HV0.2. This improvement is the mainly contribution not only by land-like TiC reinforced particles and Fe2.5Ti0.5O4, a product of reaction between the pre-paste and molten matrix, with dispersive distribution at the surface, but also alloying elements enriched at the top of molten pool. The experiment suggested that the hardness of the surface was also highly affected by the parameters of plasma beam process alloying; namely, the higher velocity plasma beam moves and the more TiC particles contained, the higher hardness can be obtained. In contrast with the former process, after plasma surface quenching, the overlayer with one interface has a maximum hardness of 600HV0.2.
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Waste Particle Board by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Jin Xiao Juan , Yu Zhi Ming , Ren Zhe , Liu Xin
Published: August 2010

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of waste particle board (WPB) precursor using potassium hydroxide as the chemical agent. The effects of different parameters, such as chemical/WPB ratio, activation time and activation temperature on yield and the methylene blue adsorption capacity of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activation temperature 850°C, KOH(50% concentration)/ WPB 4.0, activation time 50 min. Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 15.0 mL/0.lg, 1213mg/g and 36.9%, respectively. Therefore, great potential exists for developing activated carbon products from waste wood, which will have the positive effects of reducing our landfill problem and gain attractive products.
The Quantitative Evaluation on the Response of Climate Change upon the Sustainability of the Agricultural Production
Authors: Hou Lin Chun , Li Hui Qin
Published: August 2010

The aim: quantitatively evaluate the response of climate change upon the sustainability of the agricultural production. The method: the paper selected two regions (Hubei and shan’xi province) which represented different climate environment, utilized modern statistic data, Principal Component Analysis and multivariate linear regression to quantitatively evaluate the influence of climate change upon agricultural production through isolating climate environment from arable area, land utilization and management and landform and so on. The conclusion: The study indicated that when environmental condition turned good to agriculture, the function of environmental condition to agriculture relatively decreased; the capability of agricultural society and production decreased too, and people could select the land to cultivate, where agricultural productivity is higher. And that when environmental condition turned bad to agriculture, the function of environmental condition to agriculture relatively increased; the capability of agricultural society and production increased, too; people could not put emphasis on the land where agricultural productivity is higher, whereas focused on productivity per capita.
Quantitative Study on the Effect of Extrusion Process of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Lou Yan
Published: August 2010

By data mining from 3DFEM simulation and Rough Set Theory (RST), it was performed that the extrusion process and die structures effect on the quality of AZ80 magnesium extrudate. The weights of the effect can be obtained. The results show that the effect of the billet temperature on the product quality is dominate, and its average weight is 0.27. The second important parameter is the ram speed and its average weight is 0.22. In addition, it was also found that the effect of the die characteristic parameters on the extrudate is insignificant.
Dynamic Analysis of IT Services Outsourcing Based on Resource Dependence Theory
Authors: Wang Xia , Sun Shi Lei
Published: August 2010

.IT services outsourcing motives aroused the concern of many scholars at home and abroad, the paper-driven and theory-driven decision-making both summed up the IT services outsourcing motives. By comparing a variety of IT service outsourcing motivation theory, this paper argues the perspective of resource-based IT services outsourcing motives greater rationality. On this basis, it puts forward the enterprise of resources and flexible resources of rigid concepts. Alternative resource dependence theory, two kinds of resources, service outsourcing are discussed motivation. Finally, the outsourcing of IT services at different stages of life cycle development strategies.
Variance of the Mechanics Properties of Populus Ussuriensis Kom Lumber Compressed by Rollers
Authors: Sun Yao Xing , Liu Yi Xing , Pang Jiu Yin
Published: August 2010

The mechanics properties of P. ussuriensis Kom lumber compressed by rollers decreases a little, the loss of which in tangential compression is more than that in radial one. The loss of mechanics strength increases with the rise of the compression rate. The Compressive strength parallel to the grain of wood is from 2.391% to－4.589%, the Shearing strength parallel to the grain is from－2.071% to－14.213%, the Tensile strength parallel to the grain is from 2.246% to－11.535%, the Tensile strength perpendicular to the grain is from－0.217% to－16.877%, the Cleavage strength of wood is from 1.785% to－16.235%, the Bending strength of wood is from 4.417% to－27.793%, the Modulus of elasticity in static bending is from 1.045% to－19.455%, and the Toughness of wood is from 3.413% to－28.929%.
Review on Applications of Low Loss Amorphous Metals in Motors
Authors: Ning S.R. , Gao Jun , Wang Y.G.
Published: August 2010

During the past decade a new class of magnetic materials-amorphous metals, has been under development. This material offers the potential of reducing the core losses of motors dramatically due to its excellent magnetic performance. Thus, the incentive is tremendous to develop cost-competitive motors utilizing amorphous alloys. However, there were some deficiency of a relatively high brittleness and a low stacking factor, which makes it difficult to stamp or cut the material to the shapes that motors required. This paper will briefly review some of the important process technical of magnetic amorphous alloys cores and will describe the results of applying this material in all kind of test motors.
Study of High-Speed Processing for Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: August 2010

With the flouring development of network-application, the importance of network security and its information security has become a greater concern for the computer users. This paper focuses on the study of the speed of detection, which is so far the most challenging problems in network intrusion detection. In practice, double-array hashing space method is applied in order to solve the problem of the big hashing space; according to features of data-package and those of attack-string, hashing -function is selected because of its high speed and efficiency; and the speed of detection is improve through the decrdasd of the times of detection to network package by applying various characteristic-string of the sane length with their corresponding pattern. There are many methods to achieve network security, and intrusion detection technology is a very effective mechanism [1]. It is a technology that could detect the current attack or attack happening inside computer system. At present, there are several different pattern match algorithms that are used for the attack detection of effective load for packet. No matter what optimization is made, they all could not get rid of a weakness: must match item by item for each mode that indicates attack characteristics [2-5]. So the packet to be detected shall be scanned for many times, and the scanning time is equal to the quality of mode; meanwhile, detection system also establish and manage heuristic function for each attack mode, and adjust detection order of attack mode, so system has rather big burden, and has difficulty to promote the detection efficiency. This is the fundamental problem causing low detection efficiency of effective load of packet [6]. Is it possible to design a detection algorithm which could build heuristic function from the perspective of whole attack model base and could detect all the attack models at the same time This article uses hashing-method to discuss this problem, and finds that the attack probably existing could be found by several scanning for packet. In addition, network intrusion detection rule base is network IDS detection engine using model matching detection method, which is the standard for checking the captured packet. Snort is intrusion detection system based on network. This description method is simple, easy to achieve, and could describe most of the intrusion activities. Therefore, this article adopts the intrusion activity description method of Snort intrusion detection system, and introduces the rule base of Snort intrusion detection system as the rule base of this article for the foundation of design and demonstration of hashing detection scheme.
Research and Implementation of Intrusion Detection System Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Han Xiao Cui
Published: August 2010

Through the research on intrusion detection and artificial neural network, this paper designs an intrusion detection system based on artificial neural network, in detail describes the theory and implementation of all modules, and then carries out test and analysis for it, the results show that it has great advantages in web-based intrusion detection.
Effects of Filling Pressure on the Flow Behaviors during Vacuum Counter-Pressure Casting Thin Wall Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Xiong Bo Wen , Yu Huan , Yan Qing Song , Xu Zhi Feng , Cai Chang Chun , Lu Bai Ping , Liu Guo Feng
Published: August 2010

The flow behaviors under different filling pressures were observed using electrode contact method. The relationships of recorded time and related point location were analyzed and deduced in terms of the flow tendency. The flow behavior figures were plotted at different time according the relationship. It was found that the unstable flow pattern takes place because filling cross-sectional area changes abruptly from the flow behavior figures. According to energy conservation and mass conservation theory, the relationship of flow velocity and filling pressure was established. Combining this relationship and critical flow velocity, the judgment equation of critical filling pressure was achieved.
A New Method of Constructing Tooth Surface for Logarithmic Spiral Bevel Gear
Authors: Li Qiang , Wei Zi Liang , Yan Hong Bo , Hu Hai Yan
Published: August 2010

For a new type of bevel gear—logarithmic spiral bevel gear, establish its tooth direction curves and the mathematical model of tooth surface equation. With CAD software platform which can intuitive understanding of complex curves and combined with conical logarithmic spiral parameter equation build the logarithmic spiral on cone surface. Then array logarithmic spiral to make them evenly distributed in the cone surface, without any interference and to meet the strength distribution on both ends of circular truncated cone equally. Use two logarithmic spirals from different starpoint as tooth direction curves of lift and right tooth surface. Finally, use space geometric knowledge to build tooth surface equation by tooth direction curves and tooth profile curves.
Preparation and Application Properties Analysis of Hyperbranched Polyurethane Leather Finishing Agent
Authors: Wang Xue Chuan , Lu Xian Bo , Qiang Tao Tao , Ren Long Fang
Published: August 2010

A novel hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) finishing agent was prepared by graft copolymerization of hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) polyols (HPAE) and the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer(PPU). The PPU was synthesized by step polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The FT-IR spectroscopy was used for the structural characterization. The thermal properties of HBPU were characterized by TGA. Microphase separation of HBPU film surface was studied by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, in contrast to 200-UT, the physical and mechanical properties of HBPU as finishing agent were investigated: curing time was decreased by 26.15% and the water vapor permeability was increased by 9.04%.
The Error Modeling on a Kind of Parallel Machine Tool in Considering the Joint Gap
Authors: Guo Jian Ye , Yu Chao , Shi Jia Shun
Published: August 2010

This paper takes a kind of 3-UPS Parallel Machine Tool (PMT) as the objective of research. First, the kinematic analysis is carried out to the machine and the kinematics equation is obtained. Then, the mathematical model on tool posture error of this machine is established in considering the joint gap based on the kinematics equation. According to the mathematical model expression, the posture error of tool tip point can be calculated when the specific values to the length error of the driving rod and the position error of the joint point are known. The establishment of error model has important theoretical significance to the design as well as the error analysis and compensation of this Parallel Machine Tool.
Effects of Prosthesis Stem Materials on Stress Distribution of Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Halim , Saman Alias Mohd , Mohd Nor Mohd Asri , Taib Ishkrizat , Tardan Giha
Published: August 2010

Bone loss and bone thickening phenomenon occurred due to different stiffness of the implant and femur. Implant with stiffer materials than the bone carries majority of the load and it transferred down along the implant till the distal tip of the stem. Both phenomenons contribute to stress shielding and loosening of the prosthesis stem. In this study, the stress distributions in intact femur and THR femur are established using finite element method. The THR femur model consists of cemented hip Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo prosthesis stem implanted inside the femur bone. Effects of different material properties of the prosthesis stem on the resulting stress distributions are investigated. Results shows that the largest discrepancy in stress values between intact and THR femur is predicted along the middle region at both lateral and medial planes. The distal region shows that the calculated stress for both THR femur experienced higher stress magnitude than that of intact femur. The higher stress in THR femur leads to bone thickening at the particular region. The corresponding stress magnitude saturates at 25 MPa for THR femur while intact femur is slightly lower at 22 MPa.
Corrosion Mechanism of Functional Refractories for Continuous Casting by Free Cutting Steel
Authors: Liu Guo Qi , Li Hong Xia , Yan Wen Gang , Yan Guang Zhou , Yu Jian Bin , Ma Tian Fei
Published: August 2010

Free cutting steel is energy save material gradually extensive applied in the development of the engineering industry, but it is one of the three steels hard to continuous casting. At high temperatures, the corrosion of refractories by free cutting steels is one of the reasons for free cutting steels hard to continuous cast with a long time. Through the observation of the used refractories microstructure and detail discussions, it is concluded that Al2O3 in alumina carbon materials for the continuous casting is easy to react with FeO or MnO in the steel to form the low-melting point material, which is the main reason for the corrosion of the refractories when used to cast free cutting steels. After decarburized layer is formed on the hot surface of the spinel-carbon material, low-melting point materials will infiltrate into the decarburized layer and separate the particles into an isolated state, which will result in the corrosion of the materials by the scour of the molten steel. Through the formation of composite bond in the spinel-carbon materials, the corrosion resistance to the free cutting steels can be further improved. Based on the corrosion mechanism, the suggestions for the functional refractories with high corrosion resistance to free cutting steels are also provided.
Inverse Regression Analysis Method to Determine Mathematical Model of Dislocation Density Using Flow Stress Curves
Authors: Jia Bin , Peng Yan , Ma Bo
Published: August 2010

The flow stress curves of Q345B microalloyed steel during hot compression deformation were obtained at 900-1100°C and strain rates of 0.01-10s-1 on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. Based on the experimental results, a inverse regression analysis method was proposed to determine the mathematical model of dislocation density and its correlation coefficients using the flow stress curves, so as to laid the foundations for calculating carbonitrides precipitates, deformation resistance and the end-rolled strength of microalloyed steels during hot rolling precisely. The effects of the deformation parameters (strain rate and deformation temperature) and microstructural evolution (work-hardening, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization) on dislocation density were taken into account. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is discussed considering the plausibility of the parameters assessed for evaluating the dislocation density. It was proved that the model was reasonable and it could provide a guide to production.
Anion Ion Exchange Fiber Based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Matrixes and Its Selective Adsorption for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wei Jun Fu , Wang Hai Tao , Mu Li Juan , Yan Fan Lei
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the capacity of anion ion exchange fiber to uptake the heavy metal(Co2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Ag+) from the water. A new polyamine-type ion exchange fiber(IEF) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with higher exchange capacities was prepared by crosslinking through hydrazine hydrate, followed reacting with diethylene triamine. FT-IR analysis indicated that amine, imido, acylamino and carboxyl groups were introduced into PAN fiber through the surface modified reaction of cross linking and amination. The structures of the IEF were characterized by means of SEM. The results showed that the surface of fiber became rougher and thicker and more heterogeneous. The static and dynamic adsorption experiments demonstrated the high selective adsorption property of the IEF for Ag+ and Cu2+. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism for the metal ions with IEF was investigated with the FT-IR spectra studies.
Preparation of Moistureproof Particleboards Using Modified UF Resin with Melanine
Authors: Tan Hai Yan , Zhang Yan Hua
Published: August 2010

The paper adopted a direct approach of putting melamine inside to modify the UF resin, tested the physical properties of UF adhesive and used DSC method to study the solidifying temperature. The results show that when the molar ratio (F / U) is 1.05 or 1.15 and the addition of melamine is 4% or 8%, the viscosity, solidifying temperature, solidifying time, as well as the application period of modified UF adhesive are suitable for the production of high quality particleboard. When the molar ratio (F / U) is 1.05, the addition of melamine is 4%, particleboard density is 0.80g/cm3, the thickness of particleboard is 12mm and the addition of waterproofing agent is 1%, the performances of particleboard achieve or exceed the standard value.
Tax Auditing in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: The Influence and Countermeasures
Authors: Qin Zhi Gang
Published: August 2010

ERP systems have great influence on the tax auditing in enterprises implemented by the taxation authorities. This paper analyzes the influence caused by ERP on tax auditing and the countermeasures can be taken by the tax auditors. The major influence caused by ERP on tax auditing is as follows. The visible tax auditing clues reduce. The emphases of tax auditing should be changed. And the data collection of tax auditing becomes more difficult. In order to deal with the influence caused by ERP systems, the tax auditors should take the following countermeasures: Strengthen the controls before the establishment and during the operation of ERP Systems. Restrict enterprise's financial activities and tax behaviors according to the law. Choose tax auditing method carefully in ERP Systems. And develop tax auditing software adapted to the ERP environment.
Evaluation of Moisture Based on Gray Correlation Theory
Authors: Zheng Wei , Hu Tu Jin , Yan Zi Li
Published: August 2010

The moisture of the sand in concrete industry is important for concrete quality. There are some different methods to measure the moisture in the sand. The microwave sensors are commonly used. The mix design or batch size frequently changes in some case. The gray correlation theory of gray system theory was applied in slump evaluation where the gray correlation coefficient and gray distance measurement were made use of in calculation estimating slump or the moisture of the sand. Then, the gray confidence interval of estimated value of moisture of the sand was calculated based on gray confidence level.
Synthesis of a Silica Material with Surface Macroporous Arrays by a Template Method
Authors: Guo Qing Zhong , Mei Bo , Xue Ying Wen , Li Li Ang , Wu Jiang Yu , Yan Guo Ping
Published: August 2010

Materials with defined porous structures have drawn considerate attention for decades. Most of these materials display similar porous structure within the entity. Sometimes materials with different surface and internal structures would be appreciated. In the present study, a microporous silica material with surface macroporous arrays was prepared by a sol-gel technique combined with a template method. The sol was prepared via hydrolysis of tetraethoxylsilane by hydrochloric acid. To this sol, monodispersed, hydrophobic polystyrene spheres were added. By ultrasonication, the spheres floated and assembled to regular arrays on the aqueous sol surface. At low temperature, the sol was gradually gelated, which froze the spheres in-situ. By washing with toluene, the polystyrene spheres were dissolved, leaving aligned arrays on the surface of the gel. The macropores can be easily controlled by selecting particles with suitable sizes. The material would find application in catalysis, sensor and adsorption.
Mathematical Model Research on Ultrasonic Breaking Up Dendrite in Preparing Semi-Solid A356
Authors: Li Chun , Li Wen Jie , Wang Jia Xuan , Xiong Hong Miao
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we introduce an mathematical theory model of ultrasonic breaking up dendrite through the experiment of put ultrasonic vibration on melting A356, which is based on the condition of the effect factors of particles compelled movement on crystal integrality. It can be seen that two factors are very importment to crushing the grain through ultrasonic vibration, namely, structure conditions of the grain growth and the dynamic conditions provided by the ultrasonic. The driving force provide by the ultrasonic can be direct alternating mechanical force and the second, third and so on sound wave force caused by ultrasound wave reflection, scattering etc.. Form the model we can found that the larger the ultrasonic power and amplitude, conditions can be more easily satisfied; simlarly the higher the ultrasonic frequency, angle crossing number, grain structure defects, the longer action time to make greater fatigue, all this factors can also make the conditions more easily satisfied.
Synthesis and Characterization of Immobilized Nanometer Calcium Titanate and the Application in Speciation Analysis for Chromium
Authors: Zhang Dong
Published: August 2010

Nanometer calcium titanate immobilized on silica gel G (SGCTO) was prepared by the sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Its application in speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from water was studied. Adsorption and elution were investigated under different conditions. The results showed that the nanometer calcium titanate was immobilized on the silica gel G firmly, becoming a new adsorbent. At normal temperature, two forms of chromium show different adsorption capacities at different pH values, that is, Cr (III) selectively retained at pH 8–14, but Cr(Ⅵ) can’t be adsorbed. Whereas Cr (VI) retained at pH 1, but Cr(Ⅲ) can’t be adsorbed. Hence complete separation of the two forms of chromium is possible. Retained Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were eluted with 1 mol•L−1 HCl and 2 mol•L−1NaOH, respectively. The Cr(III) and Cr(VI) concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was successfully applied for the speciation of chromium in environmental water samples.
Study on the Simulation System Based on STEP-NC
Authors: Chen Xiu Sheng , Zhang Cheng Rui , Wang Qiang , Liu Ri Liang
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a simulation system based on STEP-NC that can verify STEP-NC program and demonstrate the running of STEP-NC system (CNC system based on STEP-NC). NC Programs used in the STEP-NC system are in XML format. The overall architecture of the system which consists of feature extraction module, graphical modeling module, movement modeling module, feature library, simulation drive module and user interface is established. Some key technologies to implement simulation system are discussed in details. The simulation system shows great potential to the development and popularization of STEP-NC system.
DT-GC-MS Analysis on Environmental Risk of Poplar Engineering Biocomposites
Authors: Zhou Xian Yan , Zhang Zhong Feng , Peng Wan Xi , Wu Qing Ding
Published: August 2010

Poplar engineering biocomposites is a new engineering materials. In order to evaluate its potential environmental risk to human, the volatile organic compounds of poplar engineering biocomposites were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. The result were: (1) The main constituents of volatiles at 40°С were bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)-(31.55%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(14.94%), 2,6,10,14,18,22- tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-(7.34%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(5.97%), cedrol (5.29%), caryophyllene(5.26%), 3-[(1z)-1,3-butadienyl]-4-vinylcyc lopentene(3.92%), etc. (2) The main constituents of volatiles at 60°С were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(17.13%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(9.11%), camphor(8.6%), 4-imidazolidinone, 5-(phenylmethyl)-2-thioxo- (7.6%), cedrol(7.26%), 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5- diphenyl-(4.58%), 1h-indole, 5-methyl- 2-phenyl-(3.94%), 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl- (3.63%), phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (3.56%), etc. So the poplar engineering biocomposites was safe under 40-60°С.
Reaction between Carbon Dioxide and Mechanically Activated Metal Powder
Authors: Muhd Nor Nik Hisyamudin , Seiji Yokoyama , Suzuki Tatsuya , Satoshi Motozuka , Tetsuya Shimomura , Junji Sasano , Izaki Masanobu
Published: August 2010

A fundamental study on the reaction between CO2 and mechanically activated metal powders has been conducted. In this research, the behavior and mechanism of CO2 reaction under various grinding conditions were investigated to fix and reduce CO2. The powder used was placed inside a grinding vessel, and was ground together with the SUJ2 balls in CO2 atmosphere. It was found that only the adsorption of CO2 gas on the ground samples was observed, whereas the decomposition of CO2 was not occurred. The CO2 adsorption increased proportionally with the increase in the grinding speed, weight of sample and number of SUJ2 balls. Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption increased with the decrease in the standard free energy of formation of each metal oxide. The morphology of the sample observed by SEM showed that the samples were not crushed into finer particles, but were only grazed on the sample’s surface. Therefore, it can be said that the CO2 can be adsorbed on the mechanically activated samples by using the centrifugal type ball mill, but in order to enhance the amount of CO2 adsorption, another type of machine with higher grinding intensity should be considered.
Numerical Simulation of Welding Distortion Using Shrinkage Force Approach and Application
Authors: Lu Yao Hui , Wu Ping Bo , Zeng Jing , Wu Xing Wen
Published: August 2010

The control of welding distortion during assembling process is very important. Using numerical simulation methods to obtain the welding distortion is an effective way to control the quality of welding. At first, taking the bead-on-plate welding as an example, the predictions of welding distortion were made using the shrinkage force method and the thermo-elastic-plastic method for comparison. It was concluded from the comparison that the simulation results by using the two methods are consistent. Therefore, the shrinkage force method can be applied to prediction of structural welding distortion in engineering. Based on the theory of welding shrinking force, welding deformation was predicted for the bogie side frame of railway vehicle. According to all the deformation results from the finite element analysis, the welding deformation of the bogie side frame was lager than the tolerance of quality and in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined distortion values from literature. The work in this paper indicated that the shrinkage force method was effective to predict the welding deformation and to control the welding quality in large complex structures, such as the bogie frame of railway vehicle.
The Role of PCNA Posttranslational Modifications in Translesion Synthesis
Authors: Shaheen Montaser , Shanmugam Ilanchezhian , Hromas Robert
Published: August 2010

Organisms are predisposed to different types in DNA damage. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to deal with the individual DNA lesions. Translesion synthesis is a special pathway that enables the replication fork to bypass blocking lesions. Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), which is an essential component of the fork, undergoes posttranslational modifications, particularly ubiquitylation and sumoylation that are critical for lesion bypass and for filling of DNA gaps which result from this bypass. A special ubiquitylation system, represented by the Rad6 group of ubiquitin conjugating and ligating enzymes, mediates PCNA mono‐ and polyubiquitylation in response to fork stalling. The E2 SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and the E3 SUMO ligase Siz1 are responsible for PCNA sumoylation during undisturbed S phase and in response to fork stalling as well. PCNA monoubiquitylation mediated by Rad6/Rad18 recruits special polymerases to bypass the lesion and fill in the DNA gaps. PCNA polyubiquitylation achieved by ubc13‐mms2/Rad 5 in yeast mediates an error‐free pathway of lesion bypass likely through template switch. PCNA sumoylation appears required for this error‐free pathway, and it plays an antirecombinational role during normal replication by recruiting the helicase Srs2 to prevent sister chromatid exchange and hyper‐recombination.
Sesamin Modulates Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Inducible No Synthase and Interleukin‐6 Expression in Dopaminergic Cells Under Mpp+‐Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lahaie-Collins Vicky , Bournival Julie , Plouffe Marilyn , Carange Julie , Martinoli Maria-Grazia
Published: August 2010

Oxidative stress is regarded as a mediator of nerve cell death in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson′s disease. Sesamin, a lignan mainly found in sesame oil, is currently under study for its anti‐oxidative and possible neuroprotective properties. We used 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐pyridine (MPP+) ion, the active metabolite of the potent parkinsonism‐causing toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine, to produce oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in neuronal PC12 cells, which express dopamine, as well as neurofilaments. Our results show that picomolar doses of sesamin protected neuronal PC12 cells from MPP+‐induced cellular death, as revealed by colorimetric measurements and production of reactive oxygen species. We also demonstrated that sesamin acted by rescuing tyrosine hydroxylase levels from MPP+‐induced depletion. Sesamin, however, did not modulate dopamine transporter levels, and estrogen receptor‐alpha and ‐beta protein expression. By examining several parameters of cell distress, we found that sesamin also elicited a strong increase in superoxide dismutase activity as well as protein expression and decreased catalase activity and the MPP+ stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression, in neuronal PC12 cells. Finally, sesamin possessed significant anti‐inflammatory properties, as disclosed by its potential to reduce MPP+‐induced interleukin‐6 mRNA levels in microglia. From these studies, we determined the importance of the lignan sesamin as a neuroprotective molecule and its possible role in complementary and/or preventive therapies of neurodegenerative diseases.
Pineal Proteins Upregulate Specific Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Brain
Authors: Bharti Vijay K. , Srivastava R. S.
Published: August 2010

The neuroendocrine functions of the pineal affect a wide variety of glandular and nervous system processes. Beside melatonin (MEL), the pineal gland secretes and expresses certain proteins essential for various physiological functions. It has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have an antioxidant role due to secretory product other than MEL. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on the antioxidant defense system in the brain of female rats. The twenty‐four rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control (0 day), control (28 day), vehicle control and buffalo PP. The PP was injected 100 µg/kg BW intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 28 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the antioxidant systems. These enzymes protect from adverse effects of free radicals and help in amelioration of oxidative stress. Buffalo pineal proteins administration did not cause any effect on brain LPO, whereas GPx, GR and GSH were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. However, SOD and CAT activities were increased to significant levels than the control in PP treated rats. Our study herein suggested that buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins upregulates specific antioxidant defense systems and can be useful in control of various oxidative stress‐induced neuronal diseases.