bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills
Authors: Caramaschi Doretta , Neumann Alexander , Cardenas Andres , Tindula Gwen , Alemany Silvia , Zillich Lea , Pesce Giancarlo , Lahti Jari M. T. , Havdahl Alexandra , Mulder Rosa , Felix Janine F. , Tiemeier Henning , Sirignano Lea , Frank Josef , Witt Stephanie H. , Rietschel Marcella , Deuschle Michael , Huen Karen , Eskenazi Brenda , Send Tabea Sarah , Ferrer Muriel , Gilles Maria , de Agostini Maria , Baïz Nour , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Kvist Tuomas , Czamara Darina , Tuominen Samuli T. , Relton Caroline L. , Rai Dheeraj , London Stephanie J. , Räikkönen Katri , Holland Nina , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Streit Fabian , Hivert Marie-France , Oken Emily , Sunyer Jordi , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Sharp Gemma
Published: February 2022

Cognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall (totalN = 2196), verbal (totalN = 2206) and non-verbal cognitive scores (totalN = 3300). The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region nearDUSP22on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that variation in cord blood DNA methylation at single CpG sites is associated with cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm the association atDUSP22.
PBLD inhibits angiogenesis via impeding VEGF/VEGFR2-mediated microenvironmental cross-talk between HCC cells and endothelial cells
Authors: Han Lu , Lin Xin , Yan Qun , Gu Chuncai , Li Mengshu , Pan Lei , Meng Yan , Zhao Xinmei , Liu Side , Li Aimin
Published: February 2022

Sustained anti-angiogenesis therapy increases the level of tumor hypoxia, leading to increased expression of HIF-1a, thereby contributing to the resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD) inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via ERK/HIF-1a/VEGF axis in HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA database and clinical samples validation also identify a negative correlation between PBLD and angiogenesis-related genes expression including HIF-1a. Apart from the downregulation of HIF-1a/VEGF expression in HCC cells, PBLD also blocks VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells via HCC-derived exosomal miR-940. PBLD also activates TCF4 transcriptional promotion effects on miR-940 by directly interacting with it. Together, PBLD exerts an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis not only via blocking the VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells, but also through downregulating HIF-1a-induced VEGF expression and secretion in HCC cells. These explorations may provide a theoretical basis for exploring new targets and strategies to overcome resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Mesenchymal stromal cells equipped by IFNα empower T cells with potent anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yu , Li Qing , Lin Liangyu , Xu Chunliang , Xue Yueqing , Hu Mingyuan , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying
Published: February 2022

Cancer treatments have been revolutionized by the emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. However, only a minority of patients with various tumor types have benefited from such treatments. New strategies focusing on the immune contexture of the tumor tissue microenvironment hold great promises. Here, we created IFNα-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells (IFNα-MSCs). Upon direct injection into tumors, we found that these cells are powerful in eliminating several types of tumors. Interestingly, the intra-tumoral injection of IFNα-MSCs could also induce specific anti-tumor effects on distant tumors. These IFNα-MSCs promoted tumor cells to produce CXCL10, which in turn potentiates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor site. Furthermore, IFNα-MSCs enhanced the expression of granzyme B (GZMB) in CD8+ T cells and invigorated their cytotoxicity in a Stat3-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of Stat3 in CD8+ T cells impaired the effect of IFNα-MSCs on GZMB expression. Importantly, the combination of IFNα-MSCs and PD-L1 blockade induced an even stronger anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, IFNα-MSCs represent a novel tumor immunotherapy strategy, especially when combined with PD-L1 blockade.
Intratumor genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution to decode endometrial cancer progression
Authors: Mota Alba , Oltra Sara S. , Selenica Pier , Moiola Cristian P. , Casas-Arozamena Carlos , López-Gil Carlos , Diaz Eva , Gatius Sonia , Ruiz-Miro María , Calvo Ana , Rojo-Sebastián Alejandro , Hurtado Pablo , Piñeiro Roberto , Colas Eva , Gil-Moreno Antonio , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Muinelo-Romay Laura , Abal Miguel , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Weigelt Britta , Moreno-Bueno Gema
Published: February 2022

Analyzing different tumor regions by next generation sequencing allows the assessment of intratumor genetic heterogeneity (ITGH), a phenomenon that has been studied widely in some tumor types but has been less well explored in endometrial carcinoma (EC). In this study, we sought to characterize the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of 9 different ECs using whole-exome sequencing, and by performing targeted sequencing validation of the 42 primary tumor regions and 30 metastatic samples analyzed. In addition, copy number alterations of serous carcinomas were assessed by comparative genomic hybridization arrays. From the somatic mutations, identified by whole-exome sequencing, 532 were validated by targeted sequencing. Based on these data, the phylogenetic tree reconstructed for each case allowed us to establish the tumors’ evolution and correlate this to tumor progression, prognosis, and the presence of recurrent disease. Moreover, we studied the genetic landscape of an ambiguous EC and the molecular profile obtained was used to guide the selection of a potential personalized therapy for this patient, which was subsequently validated by preclinical testing in patient-derived xenograft models. Overall, our study reveals the impact of analyzing different tumor regions to decipher the ITGH in ECs, which could help make the best treatment decision.
A pathway to peptides in space through the condensation of atomic carbon
Authors: Krasnokutski S. A. , Chuang K.-J. , Jäger C. , Ueberschaar N. , Henning Th.
Published: February 2022

Organic molecules are widely present in the dense interstellar medium, and many have been synthesized in the laboratory on Earth under the conditions typical for an interstellar environment. Until now, however, only relatively small molecules of biological interest have been demonstrated to form experimentally under typical space conditions. Here we prove experimentally that the condensation of carbon atoms on the surface of cold solid particles (cosmic dust) leads to the formation of isomeric polyglycine monomers (aminoketene molecules). Following encounters between aminoketene molecules, they polymerize to produce peptides of different lengths. The chemistry involves three of the most abundant species (CO, C and NH3) present in star-forming molecular clouds, and proceeds via a novel pathway that skips the stage of amino acid formation in protein synthesis. The process is efficient, even at low temperatures, without irradiation or the presence of water. The delivery of biopolymers formed by this chemistry to rocky planets in the habitable zone might be an important element in the origins of life.
Widespread extinction debts and colonization credits in United States breeding bird communities
Authors: Haddou Yacob , Mancy Rebecca , Matthiopoulos Jason , Spatharis Sofie , Dominoni Davide M.
Published: February 2022

Species extinctions and colonizations in response to land cover change often occur with time lags rather than instantaneously, leading to extinction debts and colonization credits. These debts and credits can lead to erroneous predictions of future biodiversity. Recent attempts to measure debts and credits have been limited to small geographical areas and have not considered multiple land cover types, or the directionality of land cover change. Here we quantify the relative contribution of past and current landscapes on the current effective number of species of 2,880 US bird communities, explicitly measuring the response of biodiversity to increases and decreases in five land cover types. We find that the current effective number of species is still largely explained by the past landscape composition (legacy effect), depending on the type, magnitude and directionality of recent land cover change. This legacy effect leads to widespread extinction debts and colonization credits. Specifically, we reveal debts across 52% of the United States, particularly in recently urbanized areas, and colonization credits in the remaining 48%, which are primarily associated with grassland decrease. We conclude that biodiversity policy targets risk becoming rapidly obsolete unless past landscapes are considered and debts and credits accounted for.
Initial analysis of viral dynamics and circulating viral variants during the mRNA-1273 Phase 3 COVE trial
Authors: Pajon Rolando , Paila Yamuna D. , Girard Bethany , Dixon Groves , Kacena Katherine , Baden Lindsey R. , El Sahly Hana M. , Essink Brandon , Mullane Kathleen M. , Frank Ian , Denhan Douglas , Kerwin Edward , Zhao Xiaoping , Ding Baoyu , Deng Weiping , Tomassini Joanne E. , Zhou Honghong , Leav Brett , Schödel Florian ,   the COVE Trial Consortium
Published: February 2022

The mRNA-1273 vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrated 93.2% efficacy in reduction of symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the blinded portion of the Phase 3 Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) trial. While mRNA-1273 demonstrated high efficacy in prevention of COVID-19, including severe disease, its effect on the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections is not understood. Here, in exploratory analyses, we assessed the impact of mRNA-1273 vaccination in the ongoing COVE trial (number NCT04470427) on SARS-CoV-2 copy number and shedding, burden of disease and infection, and viral variants. Viral variants were sequenced in all COVID-19 and adjudicated COVID-19 cases (n = 832), from July 2020 in the blinded part A of the study to May 2021 of the open-label part B of the study, in which participants in the placebo arm started to receive the mRNA-1273 vaccine after US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization of mRNA-1273 in December 2020. mRNA-1273 vaccination significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral copy number (95% confidence interval) by 100-fold on the day of diagnosis compared with placebo (4.1 (3.4–4.8) versus 6.2 (6.0–6.4) log10 copies per ml). Median times to undetectable viral copies were 4 days for mRNA-1273 and 7 days for placebo. Vaccination also substantially reduced the burden of disease and infection scores. Vaccine efficacies (95% confidence interval) against SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in the United States during the trial assessed in this post hoc analysis were 82.4% (40.4–94.8%) for variants Epsilon and Gamma and 81.2% (36.1–94.5%) for Epsilon. The detection of other, non-SARS-CoV-2, respiratory viruses during the trial was similar between groups. While additional study is needed, these data show that in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, vaccination reduced both the viral copy number and duration of detectable viral RNA, which may be markers for the risk of virus transmission.
Effective treatment of aquaculture wastewater with mussel/microalgae/bacteria complex ecosystem: a pilot study
Authors: Geng Bing , Li Yongchao , Liu Xue , Ye Jing , Guo Weifeng
Published: February 2022

The discharge of aquaculture wastewater increased significantly in China. Especially, high content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater could destroy the receiving water environment. To reduce the pollution of aquaculture wastewater, farmed triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was proposed to be cultivated in the river. This was the first time that bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) were also used and complemented ecosystem functions. The pollutants in wastewater were assimilated by Chlorella vulgaris biomass, which was then removed through continuous filter-feeding of Hyriopsis cumingii. While, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis enhanced the digestive enzyme activities of mussel. It demonstrated that approximately 4 mussels/m3 was the optimal breeding density. Under such condition, orthogonal experiment indicated that the dose of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Chlorella vulgaris should be 0.5, 1, and 2 mL respectively. Compared with mussel, mussel/microalgae, mussel/bacteria system, treatment ability of the mussel/microalgae/bacteria system in batch experiment was better, and 94.67% of NH3-N, 92.89% of TP and 77.78% of COD were reduced after reaction for 6 days. Finally, 90 thousand mussels per hectare of water were cultivated in Kulv river in China, and the field experiment showed that water quality was significantly improved. After about 35 days of operation, NH3-N, TN, TP and COD concentration were maintained around 0.3, 0.8, 0.3, and 30 mg/L respectively. Therefore, the mussel/microalgae /bacteria system in this study showed a sustainable and efficient characteristic of aquaculture wastewater bioremediation.
Effect of pressure controlled volume guaranteed ventilation during pulmonary resection in children
Authors: Zhu Change , Zhang Rufang , Yu Shenghua , Zhang Yuting , Wei Rong
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of pressure controlled volume guaranteed ventilation in children requiring one lung ventilation during pulmonary resection. Patients were randomly assigned to the lung protective ventilation combined with pressure controlled volume guaranteed group (PCV-VG group) or the lung protective ventilation combined with volume controlled ventilation group (VCV group). Both groups received tidal-volume ventilation of 8 ml kg−1 body weight during two lung ventilation and 6 ml kg−1 during OLV, with sustained 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure. Data collections were mainly performed at 10 min after induction of anaesthesia during TLV (T1), 5 min after OLV initiation (T2) and 5 min after complete CO2 insufflations (T3). In total, 63 patients were randomly assigned to the VCV (n = 31) and PCV-VG (n = 32) groups. The PCV-VG group exhibited lower PIP than the VCV group at T1 (16.8 ± 2.3 vs. 18.7 ± 2.7 cmH2O, P = 0.001), T2 (20.2 ± 2.7 vs. 22.4 ± 3.3 cmH2O, P = 0.001), and T3 (23.8 ± 3.2 vs. 26.36 ± 3.7 cmH2O, P = 0.01). Static compliance was higher in the PCV-VG group at T1, T2, and T3 (P = 0.01). After anaesthesia induction, lung aeration deteriorated, but with no immediate postoperative difference in both groups. Postoperative lung aeration improved and returned to normal from 2.5 h postextubation in both groups. PH was lower and PaCO2 was higher in VCV group than PCV-VG group during one lung ventilation. No differences were observed in PaO2-FiO2-ratio at T2 and T3, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, intraoperative desaturation and the length of hospital stay. In paediatric patients, who underwent pulmonary resection requiring one lung ventilation, PCV-VG was superior to VCV in its ability to provide lower PIP, higher static compliance and lower PaCO2 at one lung ventilation during pneumothorax. However, its beneficial effects on different pathological situations in pediatric patients need more investigation.
The first occurrence of an avian-style respiratory infection in a non-avian dinosaur
Authors: Woodruff D. Cary , Wolff Ewan D. S. , Wedel Mathew J. , Dennison Sophie , Witmer Lawrence M.
Published: February 2022

Other than repaired fractures, osteoarthritis, and periosteal reaction, the vertebrate fossil record has limited evidence of non-osseous diseases. This difficulty in paleontological diagnoses stems from (1) the inability to conduct medical testing, (2) soft-tissue pathologic structures are less likely to be preserved, and (3) many osseous lesions are not diagnostically specific. However, here reported for the first time is an avian-style respiratory disorder in a non-avian dinosaur. This sauropod presents irregular bony pathologic structures stemming from the pneumatic features in the cervical vertebrae. As sauropods show well-understood osteological correlates indicating that respiratory tissues were incorporated into the post-cranial skeleton, and thus likely had an ‘avian-style’ form of respiration, it is most parsimonious to identify these pathologic structures as stemming from a respiratory infection. Although several extant avian infections produce comparable symptoms, the most parsimonious is airsacculitis with associated osteomyelitis. From actinobacterial to fungal in origin, airsacculitis is an extremely prevalent respiratory disorder in birds today. While we cannot pinpoint the specific infectious agent that caused the airsacculitis, this diagnosis establishes the first fossil record of this disease. Additionally, it allows us increased insight into the medical disorders of dinosaurs from a phylogenetic perspective and understanding what maladies plagued the “fearfully great lizards”.
Rapid development of an integrated remote programming platform for neuromodulation systems through the biodesign process
Authors: Silburn Peter , DeBates Scott , Tomlinson Tucker , Schwark Jeremy , Creek Gregory , Patel Hiren , Punnoose Asish , Cheeran Binith , Ross Erika , Lautner Douglas , Pathak Yagna J.
Published: February 2022

Treating chronic symptoms for pain and movement disorders with neuromodulation therapies involves fine-tuning of programming parameters over several visits to achieve and maintain symptom relief. This, together with challenges in access to trained specialists, has led to a growing need for an integrated wireless remote care platform for neuromodulation devices. In March of 2021, we launched the first neuromodulation device with an integrated remote programming platform. Here, we summarize the biodesign steps taken to identify the unmet patient need, invent, implement, and test the new technology, and finally gain market approval for the remote care platform. Specifically, we illustrate how agile development aligned with the evolving regulatory requirements can enable patient-centric digital health technology in neuromodulation, such as the remote care platform. The three steps of the biodesign process applied for remote care platform development are: (1) Identify, (2) Invent, and (3) Implement. First, we identified the unmet patient needs through market research and voice-of-customer (VOC) process. Next, during the concept generation phase of the invention step, we integrated the results from the VOC into defining requirements for prototype development. Subsequently, in the concept screening phase, ten subjects with PD participated in a clinical pilot study aimed at characterizing the safety of the remote care prototype. Lastly, during the implementation step, lessons learned from the pilot experience were integrated into final product development as new features. Following final product development, we completed usability testing to validate the full remote care system and collected preliminary data from the limited market release experience. The VOC data, during prototype development, helped us identify thresholds for video quality and needs priorities for clinicians and patients. During the pilot study, one subject reported anticipated remote–care-related adverse events that were resolved without sequelae. For usability analysis following final product development, the failure rates for task completion for both user groups were about 1%. Lastly, during the initial 4 weeks of the limited market release experience, a total of 858 remote care sessions were conducted with a 93% success rate. Overall, we developed a remote care platform by adopting a user-centric approach. Although the system intended to address pre-COVID19 challenges associated with disease management, the unforeseen overlap of the study with the pandemic elevated the importance of such a system and an innovative development process enabled us to advance a patient-centric platform to gain regulatory approval and successfully launch the remote care platform to market.
Leg length discrepancy after in situ fixation with screw for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Park Kun-Bo , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Jong Eun , Park Hoon
Published: February 2022

Although leg length discrepancy (LLD) commonly occurs following in situ fixation with screws for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the literature regarding this issue is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of LLD in patients who had been treated with in situ fixation with screws and to identify the risk factors for the development of LLD. We retrospectively reviewed 44 patients (mild slip 24, moderate slip, 20) who were treated with in situ fixation with screws for SCFE. The mean age at surgery was 12.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 6.9 years. We investigated the relationship between the final LLD, articulotrochanteric distance difference (ATDD) at skeletal maturity, and various clinical and radiographic parameters using linear regression analysis. The mean values of LLD and ATDD were 13.1 and 11.1 mm, respectively. The LLD and ATDD was significantly higher in patients with moderate slips than in those with mild slips. The degree of slip angle was associated with the degree of LLD only. While there was no significant factor affecting the LLD in moderate slips, younger age and a larger degree of slip angle were associated with the degree of LLD. The degree of slip was the only factor that affected LLD in patients with mild or moderate SCFE who underwent threaded screw fixation. Age at surgery was not associated with LLD, and there were no factors related to the degree of LLD in mild slip. Monitoring for LLD may only be necessary for patients with moderate slip who are treated with in situ screw fixation.
Co-benefits of forest carbon projects in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sarira Tasya Vadya , Zeng Yiwen , Neugarten Rachel , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca , Koh Lian Pin
Published: February 2022

Forest carbon projects can deliver multiple benefits to society. Within Southeast Asia, 58% of forests threatened by loss could be protected as financially viable carbon projects, which would avoid 835 MtCO2e of emissions per year from deforestation, support dietary needs for an equivalent of 323,739 people annually from pollinator-dependent agriculture, retain 78% of the volume of nitrogen pollutants in watersheds yearly and safeguard 25 Mha of Key Biodiversity Areas.
The C-terminal tail of α-synuclein protects against aggregate replication but is critical for oligomerization
Authors: Farzadfard Azad , Pedersen Jannik Nedergaard , Meisl Georg , Somavarapu Arun Kumar , Alam Parvez , Goksøyr Louise , Nielsen Morten Agertoug , Sander Adam Frederik , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Pedersen Jan Skov , Otzen Daniel Erik
Published: February 2022

Aggregation of the 140-residue protein α-synuclein (αSN) is a key factor in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Although the intensely anionic C-terminal domain (CTD) of αSN does not form part of the amyloid core region or affect membrane binding ability, truncation or reduction of charges in the CTD promotes fibrillation through as yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we study stepwise truncated CTDs and identify a threshold region around residue 121; constructs shorter than this dramatically increase their fibrillation tendency. Remarkably, these effects persist even when as little as 10% of the truncated variant is mixed with the full-length protein. Increased fibrillation can be explained by a substantial increase in self-replication, most likely via fragmentation. Paradoxically, truncation also suppresses toxic oligomer formation, and oligomers that can be formed by chemical modification show reduced membrane affinity and cytotoxicity. These remarkable changes correlate to the loss of negative electrostatic potential in the CTD and highlight a double-edged electrostatic safety guard.
High-resolution stalagmite stratigraphy supports the Late Holocene tephrochronology of southernmost Patagonia
Authors: Klaes Björn , Wörner Gerhard , Kremer Katrina , Simon Klaus , Kronz Andreas , Scholz Denis , Mueller Carsten W. , Höschen Carmen , Struck Julian , Arz Helge Wolfgang , Thiele-Bruhn Sören , Schimpf Daniel , Kilian Rolf
Published: February 2022

Volcanic ash layers are important markers for the chronostratigraphy of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental archives at the southern tip of South America. However, this requires that tephras are well-dated. We report geochemical data from stalagmite MA1 formed in a non-karst cave near Mt. Burney volcano in southernmost Patagonia (~53°S). High-resolution LA-ICP-MS analyses, SEM imagery, EPMA data, and NanoSIMS enable to identify volcanogenic signals during the last 4.5 kyrs from sub-annual trace element variations and tephra particles in distinct laminae. Our new 230Th/U-chronology of MA1 provides precise dating of tephra from Mt. Burney (MB) and, probably, Aguilera (A) at 4,216 +93/−193 yrs BP (MB2), 2,291 ± 33 yrs BP (MB3), 853 +41/−60 yrs BP (MB4) and 2,978 +91/−104 yrs BP (A1). This unique high-resolution record holds potential to date further eruptions from Southern Andean volcanoes for the tephrochronology in this critical region, and potentially also large-volume explosive volcanism off South America.
Modelling the impact of vaccine hesitancy in prolonging the need for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Olivera Mesa Daniela , Hogan Alexandra B. , Watson Oliver J. , Charles Giovanni D. , Hauck Katharina , Ghani Azra C. , Winskill Peter
Published: February 2022

Background

Vaccine hesitancy – a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability – has the potential to threaten the successful roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines globally. In this study, we aim to understand the likely impact of vaccine hesitancy on the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We modelled the potential impact of vaccine hesitancy on the control of the pandemic and the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) by combining an epidemiological model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with data on vaccine hesitancy from population surveys.

Results

Our simulations suggest that the mortality over a 2-year period could be up to 7.6 times higher in countries with high vaccine hesitancy compared to an ideal vaccination uptake if NPIs are relaxed. Alternatively, high vaccine hesitancy could prolong the need for NPIs to remain in place.

Conclusions

While vaccination is an individual choice, vaccine-hesitant individuals have a substantial impact on the pandemic trajectory, which may challenge current efforts to control COVID-19. In order to prevent such outcomes, addressing vaccine hesitancy with behavioural interventions is an important priority in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Foudroyant cerebral venous (sinus) thrombosis triggered through CLEC-2 and GPIIb/IIIa dependent platelet activation
Authors: Stegner David , Göb Vanessa , Krenzlin Viola , Beck Sarah , Hemmen Katherina , Schuhmann Michael K. , Schörg Barbara F. , Hackenbroch Christian , May Frauke , Burkard Philipp , Pinnecker Jürgen , Zernecke Alma , Rosenberger Peter , Greinacher Andreas , Pichler Bernd J. , Heinze Katrin G. , Stoll Guido , Nieswandt Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Cerebral venous (sinus) thrombosis (CVT) is an unusual manifestation of venous thrombosis causing severe neurological impairment and seizures1,2. Molecular mechanisms underlying CVT, potentially involving pathological platelet activation, are unknown. Here we show that antibody-(INU1-fab)-induced cooperative signaling of two platelet receptors, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and GPIIb/IIIa, triggers within minutes a CVT-like thrombotic syndrome in mice, characterized by tonic–myoclonic seizures, platelet consumption and death. Brain autopsy showed thrombi mainly in the cortical venules, but no intracranial hemorrhages or edema formation. Transcranial intravital microscopy revealed rapidly progressing thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus, a main site of CVT in humans. Interfering with CLEC-2 signaling or inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa completely blocked platelet activation and CVT. Blocking GPIIb/IIIa after onset of neurological symptoms protected mice from platelet consumption, CVT and death, which was not seen after treatment with heparin. These results point to aberrant platelet activation as a major trigger of CVT and potential target for treatment.
Ruthenium-catalyzed stereo- and chemoselective oxidative coupling of vinyl ketones: efficient access to (E,E)-1,6-dioxo-2,4-dienes
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Nirpal Appasaheb K. , Beeralingappa Nagabhushana C. , Kumar Vimlesh , Srivastava Aparna , Mishra Kunj B. , Bhat Arsheed A.
Published: February 2022

A Ru-catalyzed direct oxidative coupling reaction of vinyl ketones was developed.
Copper-catalyzed radical relay in C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Zhang Zuxiao , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: February 2022

In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the field of copper-catalyzed C–H functionalization via a radical relay process, with a critical focus on the asymmetrical versions.
Digital light processing (DLP) 3D-fabricated antimicrobial hydrogel with a sustainable resin of methacrylated woody polysaccharides and hybrid silver-lignin nanospheres
Authors: Wang Luyao , Wang Qingbo , Slita Anna , Backman Oskar , Gounani Zahra , Rosqvist Emil , Peltonen Jouko , Willför Stefan , Xu Chunlin , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Wang Xiaoju
Published: February 2022

Efficient antimicrobial hydrogels are fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) printing out of a sustainable resin, which is formulated with methacrylated O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan and lignin nanospheres decorated with silver nanoparticles.
A facile synthesis of amphiphilic N-glycosyl naphthalimides and fabrication of flexible semiconductors using molecular self-assembly
Authors: Rachamalla Arun Kumar , Rebaka Vara Prasad , Banoo Tohira , Pawar Ravinder , Faizan Mohmmad , Lalitha Krishnamoorthy , Nagarajan Subbiah
Published: February 2022

Fabrication of flexible semiconductors from amphiphilic N-glycosyl naphthalimides using molecular self-assembly is reported.
Determination of Sr to Ca ratio in solid carbonate, fluoride, and nitrate samples using the fundamental parameters of EDXRF: experimental and empirical evaluation of non-destructive assays in light matrices
Authors: Remya Devi P. S. , Chavan Trupti A. , Swain Kallola K.
Published: February 2022

Various aspects of the intensity ratio method of EDXRF, as applied to binary carbonate mixtures of Sr and Ca, are illustrated.
Scaling Planck's law: a unified approach to the Casimir effect and radiative heat-conductance in nanogaps
Authors: Santamaría-Holek Iván , Pérez-Madrid Agustín
Published: February 2022

Entropy constraints rescale Planck's distribution and remove energy divergences of confined radiation, yielding a unified derivation of the fundamental scalings on gap size of the repulsive Casimir thermal forces and the radiative heat conductance.
Constructing single-crystalline hierarchical plate-like ZSM-5 zeolites with short b-axis length for catalyzing MTO reactions
Authors: Shang Zhengyun , Chen Yong , Zhang Lejian , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xinping , Shi Chuan
Published: February 2022

Construction of single-crystalline hierarchical plate-like ZSM-5 crystals assisted by TMG.
Structure-performance interplay of rhodium-based catalysts for syngas conversion to ethanol
Authors: Wang Chengtao , Huang Yuan , Wang Liang , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: February 2022

This work discusses the structure-performance interplay on different catalysts for converting syngas to ethanol and summarizes the recent progress in Rh catalysts, which might help the development of more efficient catalysts in the future.
Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels in microreactors: a review of set-ups and value-added chemicals production
Authors: Hafeez Sanaa , Harkou Eleana , Al-Salem Sultan M. , Goula Maria A. , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Charisiou Nikolaos D. , Villa Alberto , Bansode Atul , Leeke Gary , Manos George , Constantinou Achilleas
Published: February 2022

A review of CO2 hydrogenation to fuels and value-added chemicals in microreactors.
Benzyltoluene/perhydro benzyltoluene – pushing the performance limits of pure hydrocarbon liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems
Authors: Rüde Timo , Dürr Stefan , Preuster Patrick , Wolf Moritz , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: February 2022

This study presents benzyltoluene/perhydro benzyltoluene as a very favourable liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system for potential industrial applications.
Nanosized high entropy spinel oxide (FeCoNiCrMn)3O4 as a highly active and ultra-stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Duan Chanqin , Li Xinglong , Wang Dan , Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Hongyu , Zheng Runguo , Liu Yanguo
Published: February 2022

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) with a multi-component single-phase structure are considered as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction due to their good catalytic activity and tailorable electrochemical properties.
Smartphone-based label-free photoelectrochemical sensing of cysteine with cadmium ion chelation
Authors: Li Yaru , Liu Guang , Ji Daizong , He Yan , Chen Qingmei , Zhang Fenni , Liu Qingjun
Published: February 2022

A smartphone-based portable system for cysteine quantification with label-free photoelectrochemical sensing using a specific cadmium ion chelation probe.
Copper-catalyzed aerobic hydroxyamination of alkenes of unsaturated keto oximes in EtOH toward cyclic nitrones
Authors: Liu Xiao-Dong , Wang Qiu-An , Zhu Yan-Ping , Peng Zhi-Hong , Li Jin-Heng
Published: February 2022

Copper-catalyzed aerobic hydroxyamination of unsaturated keto oximes with O2 in EtOH for accessing cyclic nitrones is disclosed.
A compact non-PGM catalytic hollow fibre converter for on-board hydrogen production
Authors: Mazzone S. , Leishman C. , Zhang G. , García-García F. R.
Published: February 2022

Hollow fibre-based converters offer an outstanding solution for on-board hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition, representing a more compact, efficient and affordable alternative to traditional packed bed reactors.
Ultra‐miniaturized filtering power divider chip on integrated passive device technology using complex isolation network
Authors: Zhou Yujin , Zhou Jun , Cheng Chonghu
Published: February 2022

In this letter, an ultra‐miniaturized filtering power divider (FPD) chip based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology using a complex isolation network is proposed. Three lumped L represents inductor, C represents capacitor (LC) tanks and two electromagnetic hybrid coupling units are used to realize the third‐order quasi‐elliptical filtering response with high‐frequency selectivity and wide stopband, which are designed and realized by using the IPD process to achieve ultra‐miniaturized size. In addition, the complex impedance is utilized to form the isolation network, so good in‐band isolation can be easily achieved. Moreover, the working principle and design method of this proposed FPD is well illustrated, a prototype with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 19.3% at 2.6 GHz (f0) is in final designed and fabricated. The isolation is higher than 16 dB within the passband, and upper‐stopband attenuation higher than 20 dB is extended to 40 GHz (15.4f0). It occupies only 2.76 mm × 2.0 mm, that 0.023λ0 × 0.017λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at f0.
Target tracking method based on interference detection
Authors: Qin Xuyang , Xuan Shibin , Wang Li , Chen Yun
Published: February 2022

Considering the problems of similarity interference, partial occlusions, and changes in scale during target tracking, a target tracking method based on interference detection is proposed, which is an improvement over the Siamese fully convolutional classification and regression neural network (SiamCAR) approach. Under the proposed framework, the marginal distribution of the feature maps is used to determine the presence or absence of interferents. When interference is present in a scene, a motion vector composed of the predicted value obtained through a Kalman filter is used as the basis for target prediction. Experiments on the benchmark LaSOT dataset show that the proposed algorithm based on SiamCAR, which introduces motion features, achieves the best performance in videos with similar object interference, partial occlusions, fast motion, and small target tracking, as compared with the classical SiamCAR and other excellent target tracking algorithms.
Presented a transformer‐less buck‐boost DC–DC structure with vast voltage range
Authors: Shayeghi Hossein , Pourjafar Saeed , Sedaghati Farzad
Published: February 2022

Here, a transformer‐less buck‐boost topology is presented which can provide an appropriate voltage conversion ratio in both boost and buck mode. The voltage range of the proposed topology can be increased and decreased for the low content of the duty cycle. Thus, the maximum voltage throughout the semiconductor of the suggested converter is less against the load voltage. On the other hand, the system cost is reduced using the low rating elements in the presented converter. Moreover, only one power switch has been applied in the suggested converter that facilitates its control. In addition, there is zero voltage switching condition through the diodes that is caused to improve the efficiency of the recommended topology. To validate the impressibility of the presented topology, the operation modes analysis with related equations has been carried out. The comparison survey of the recommended structure and other equivalent structures has been investigated. Conclusively, a laboratory scheme via basic experimental waveforms for 150 W load power level in 50 kHz operation frequency is prepared that suggested to be utilized in various applications for instant green energy systems, LED drivers etc.
An overview of thermal modelling techniques for permanent magnet machines
Authors: Khalesidoost Sina , Faiz Jawad , Mazaheri‐Tehrani Ehsan
Published: February 2022

Permanent magnet (PM) machines have gained increasing attention from the industry because of their potential merits over conventional electrical machines. High‐temperature level in electrical machines is a major factor that can adversely impact the performance and health conditions of these machines. These effects need to be minimized to make them competitive with currently operational machines in the industry. It can be done by performing a thorough thermal analysis of the prototype during the design process and proper online thermal monitoring of the machine during the operation stage. Thermal modelling is a powerful tool for achieving such goals in both cases. This paper aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art of thermal modelling techniques and provide a detailed comparison of them in PM machines. The fundamental concepts of heat transfer and sources of heat in PM machines are first discussed. Then, different thermal modelling techniques, including thermal subdomain models (TSMs), lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTNs), finite element models (FEMs), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), reduced order models (ROMs), and hybrid thermal models (HTMs) are introduced and compared. Finally, the utilization of these models in the thermal design, control, and monitoring of PM machines is studied.
Evaluation of Level and Quality of HR Business Partnering in HR Department of Production Company
Authors: Šindelková Kristýna
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to understand the quality and level of HR Business partnering within HR department of a production company. In relation to HR Business partnering, several activities are defined, which are closely interconnected with the HR department of the company. In connection with the determined activities, there are defined skills, abilities, and qualities a modern HR officer should have in the context of the individual processes and HR Business partnering. The main benefit of this study consists in determining innovative techniques in the process of human resources management, which may help increase efficiency and improve the transformation of individual corporate processes.
Value Chain Analysis and Attractiveness of the Telecommunications Industry in Mongolia
Authors: Jambal Tsolmon , Jambal Enebish
Published: February 2022

During the 4th Industrial Revolution and the 3rd Wave of Digitalization, the telecommunications sector developed rapidly and played a key role in accelerating economic development and competitiveness. Researchers and experts point out that the sector is an important tool to directly and indirectly support the implementation of the 17 goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. In this context, a demand it is important for the information and communications technologies (ICT) companies to make strategic changes, modernize their business processes, analyse key technology operations, and evaluate the effectiveness of supply, human resources, financial, and management policies. In order to create a distinct competitive advantage, key activities in the sector, such as procurement, internal operations, and sales channels, will be strategically coordinated, and human resources, technology, finance, and management will be configured to assist. Therefore, industry-wide value chain analysis will explore the challenges related to the supply of information and communication raw materials, technology-based cooperation, and legal and regulatory issues. This research aims to assess the value chain of the telecommunication services and define the gaps, which are drawbacks of the development. This paper will be a foundation for further studies on industry profitability and competitiveness by focusing on the areas that are essential to value creation in end-to-end services such as mobile communications, internet, and cable television.
Tax Reform as an Instrument for the Stability of the National Economy
Authors: Dobrovič Ján , Kostiuk Yaroslava , Plachtová Petra
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of the survey on the needs and expectations of people affected by the tax reform so that to assess the tax reform in Slovak Republic along with the overall satisfaction with the tax & customs system and also to identify deficiencies in the area of tax and customs administration. We have started from the existing functional organizational structures and tax administration systems not only in Slovakia, but also in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovenia, while the basic prerequisite for the study was to increase the efficiency of the tax system as a whole. Based on the trend analysis, we assume that the tax and customs reform will make a significant contribution to increasing the system efficiency and, ultimately, to a more positive perception of taxes.
Low-Carb-Diäten – die unvoreingenommene und evidenzbasierte Betrachtung ist überfällig
Authors: Worm Nicolai , Feinman Richard , Lechner Katharina
Published: February 2022

Die zahlreichen nachgewiesenen, gesundheitlich positiv bewerteten Mechanismen und Effekte einer Low-Carb-Ernährung werden im Mainstream der Ernährungsmedizin zum Nachteil der effektiven Betreuung von Patienten – allen voran solchen mit Prädiabetes und Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) – oftmals außer Acht gelassen. Dabei basiert die Argumentation eher auf Vorurteilen als auf Fakten, was Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Ernährungsmedizin behindert. Mit diesem Viewpoint soll dem Leser die Möglichkeit gegeben werden, sich über die Vorteile einer kohlenhydratreduzierten Ernährung zu informieren, Vorurteile abzubauen und (Schein-)Argumente ohne wissenschaftliche Basis zu erkennen. Auf Basis einer umfassenderen Bewertung kann dann besser entschieden werden, welche Therapieoption für den jeweiligen Patienten, auch unter Berücksichtigung dessen Präferenz, geeignet ist.
Ferrocenephosphonates: Copper-Promoted Synthesis and Further Functionalization
Authors: Erb William , Touil Soufiane , Abaid Kmar , Blot Marielle , Roisnel Thierry , Mongin Florence
Published: February 2022

Ferrocenephosphonates make up an important class of organometallic derivatives with a wide range of useful applications in organic synthesis and coordination chemistry. Here, an approach to ferrocenephosphonates based on a copper-promoted Hirao coupling is reported. Further functionalizations based on regioselective deprotolithiation and both Negishi and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions are also described to reach original derivatives.
Generation of Thiyl Radicals from Air-Stable, Odorless Thiophenol Surrogates: Application to Visible-Light-Promoted C–S Cross-Coupling
Authors: Ball Liam T. , Swan Charlie , Maggi Lorenzo , Park Mahri , Taylor Sophie , Shepherd William
Published: February 2022

The synthetic versatility of thiophenols is offset by their air-sensitivity and foul odor. It is demonstrated that S-aryl isothiouronium salts can be used as precursors to thiyl radicals, extending the practical benefits of these air-stable, odorless salts from ionic to single electron manifolds. The isothiouronium salts are accessed via Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl iodides and thiourea and are isolated as free-flowing solids following anion exchange. Judicious choice of a redox-innocent counteranion enables use of these convenient thiophenol surrogates in radical processes, as is exemplified by the synthesis of non-symmetrical diaryl thioethers via light-promoted S-arylation.
The Swallow Tail Sign of Substantia Nigra: A Case–Control Study to Establish Its Role in Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease on 3T MRI
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Kumar Gunjan , Kumar Subhash , Thakur Bhaskar , Tiwari Richa , Verma Amit Kumar
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives The loss of swallow tail sign (STS) has been studied for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The study aims to establish the role of STS on high-resolution 3D susceptibility-weighted images (SWI) on 3T MRI in clinically diagnosed cases of PD and compare with control population.

Methods and Materials Forty-five patients with clinically diagnosed PD and Parkinson plus syndrome (PPS) formed the study group and were compared with 45 controls without any neurological disease and normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Presence or absence of STS was studied on 1-mm thick axial 3D SWI images in bilateral substantia nigra by two radiologists independently, followed by consensus reading. Bilateral absent, unilateral absent, and faintly present STS were considered as absent STS and predicted PD or PPS, and bilateral presence was considered as a positive STS, and was assessed keeping the clinical diagnosis as the gold standard.

Results The sensitivity of the absent STS was 75.55%, specificity 97.77%, positive predictive value 97.14%, negative predictive value 80% and accuracy 86.66%, in the diagnosis of PD or PPS, with odd ratio of 132 (confidence interval 15.97–1098.75). Kappa coefficient was 0.80 (p < 0.001) for both inter- and intrarater agreement, suggesting high reproducibility for the detection of STS.

Conclusions Absence of the STS is a good predictor of degeneration of the nigrosome 1 in the substantia nigra in the PD or PPS patients; hence, it can act as a useful marker of these diseases.