bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparação de megadados das duas revistas da Anpuh ou Introdução à ciência aberta para historiadores
Authors: Cardoso Oldimar Pontes , Da Costa Marco Aurélio , Martins Gustavo Ítalo Freire , Farias Waleska Maria Lopes , Silva João Carlos De Melo
Published: July 2021

.
Nasionalisme Kebangsaan Sebagai Spirit Perjuangan Tokoh Pejuang di Lombok Timur 1945-1949
Authors: Rasyad Abdul , Badarudin  , Murdi Lalu , Ferdianto Jujuk
Published: July 2021

The struggle of the Indonesian people to achieve independence from the colonialists is as old as colonialism itself. The struggle for independence had at least begun since the establishment of the late 19th century as a chain of struggle for the people in various regions in the archipelago. The struggle of the people of East Lombok in opposing colonialism is a historical record that complements the history of the national struggle of the Indonesian nation and does not have any meaning for the national struggle of the nation. This struggle is also a very strong bond to reach the culmination point of the struggle, namely the Proclamation of Independence on August 17, 1945, as well as efforts to defend Indonesia's independence until 1950. This study has a fundamental contribution in understanding historical information related to nationalism and the spirit of struggle for warriors in East Lombok. History, in this case the revolution in East Lombok in 1945-1949, has a dedactic value for the current and future generations of the nation. The educational value that can be learned from these historical events is at least that the nation's generation has mental strength both biologically and psychologically in facing all the challenges of life and has a high sense of nationalism as part of Indonesian society that must uphold the name of the Indonesian nation.
Measurable Thoracic Motion Remains at 1 Year Following Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering, with Sagittal Motion Greater Than Coronal Motion
Authors: Buyuk Abdul Fettah , Milbrandt Todd A. , Mathew Smitha E. , Larson A. Noelle
Published: July 2021

Background:

Anterior vertebral body tethering is an alternative to fusion surgery for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that is purported to preserve spinal motion. There is limited information regarding the measurable motion that is maintained over the instrumented levels following thoracic anterior vertebral body tethering surgery in humans. The purpose of the present study was to assess radiographic spinal motion 1 year after anterior vertebral body tethering.

Methods:

As part of a prospective U.S. Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study, 32 patients were treated with thoracic anterior vertebral body tethering. At 1 year postoperatively, patients were evaluated with standing flexion-extension and side-bending radiographs in a microdose biplanar slot scanning imaging system. The angle subtended by the screws at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) was measured on left and right-bending radiographs to evaluate the coronal arc of motion and was compared with preoperative values over the same levels. At 1 year postoperatively, the sagittal Cobb angle was measured over the instrumented levels on flexion and extension radiographs.

Results:

Side-bending radiographs revealed that the mean angle subtended by the screws changed from 15° ± 8° on left-bending radiographs to 8° ± 6° on right-bending radiographs. The mean coronal arc of motion on bending was 7° ± 6°, with 20 (62.5%) of 32 patients having a coronal arc of motion of >5°. The mean preoperative coronal arc of motion over the instrumented segments was 30° ± 9°. On flexion-extension lateral radiographs made at 1 year postoperatively, the mean kyphotic angle over the instrumented segments was 33° ± 13° in flexion and 11° ± 14° in extension, for a mean postoperative arc of motion of 21° ± 12° between flexion and extension radiographs.

Conclusions:

At 1 year following thoracic anterior vertebral body tethering for the treatment of AIS, the thoracic spine showed a measurable range of coronal and sagittal plane motion over the instrumented levels without evidence of complete autofusion. Motion in the coronal plane decreased by 77% following anterior vertebral body tethering. These findings provide proof of concept that sagittal spinal motion is preserved after thoracic anterior vertebral body tethering, although the functional importance remains to be determined.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Diagnosis and Management of Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Cazzulino Alejandro , Wu Wei , Allahabadi Sachin , Swarup Ishaan
Published: July 2021

» An unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is characterized by the inability to walk and is associated with a high risk of osteonecrosis.

» An unstable SCFE is less common than a stable SCFE; however, the demographics are similar in both groups of patients with SCFE.

» The diagnosis of an unstable SCFE is characterized by a history of antecedent pain and the inability to walk on examination, and it is confirmed by radiographic assessment.

» Management of an unstable SCFE includes closed reduction, open reduction, and capital realignment, which have all been noted to have lower rates of osteonecrosis than reported in historic reports.

» All management approaches have certain advantages and disadvantages, and comparative studies are needed to guide clinical decision-making.
Wound Dressings for Hip and Knee Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rothfusz Christopher A. , Emara Ahmed K. , McLaughlin John P. , Molloy Robert M. , Krebs Viktor E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: July 2021

» Dressing choice following lower-extremity total joint arthroplasty has substantial ramifications for postoperative outcomes and should be carefully made to prevent complications such as periprosthetic joint infection.

» Patient risk factors are essential components in the selection of wound dressings in total joint arthroplasty.

» Traditional dressings are inexpensive per unit; nevertheless, the associated higher complication profile in patients at a high risk for poor wound healing and sequelae-associated costs may outweigh the up-front savings.

» Modern dressings have the potential to yield better safety outcomes and increased patient satisfaction; however, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the ideal interactive dressing.

» Active dressings, such as silver-ion dressings and closed-incisional negative-pressure wound therapy, have shown promising results to reduce surgical site and periprosthetic joint infection, especially in patients at a high risk for poor wound healing following hip and knee total joint arthroplasty.
DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTER FOR ASSET QUALITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS?
Authors: Aslam Ejaz , Ur-Rehman Aziz , Iqbal Anam
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on asset quality of Islamic banks by employing data on 129 Islamic banks from 29 countries spanning the period from 2008 to 2017. The study shows that asset quality of Islamic banks is positively and significantly sensitive to an increase in board independence, Shariah board, and audit committee effectiveness. The study finds that female participation in management as CEOs seems to detract from good performance and that more board meetings can be harnessed to improve banks’ asset quality. These empirical findings have practical policy implications regarding asset quality management and board construction within the Islamic banking sector.
THE INTERNET MIRACLE: THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ACCESS ON HOUSEHOLD SAVING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Thaariq Rahmanda Muhammad , Anindita Arif , Iftina Hafizha Dea
Published: July 2021

This study analyzes the impact of access to the internet and household saving behavior, in the context of the amount of savings and the saving preferences, in Indonesia. Using the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey data, this study finds that there is a positive effect between internet access and household savings. This access includes private internet access and public internet access. Nonetheless, the effect of private internet access differs from public internet access. Private internet access positively impacts both the amount of savings and the saving preferences, whilst public internet access only increases the amount saved, not the saving preferences.
Ziprasidone Suppresses Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells Proliferation by Targeting GOT1 to Trigger Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming
Authors: Yang Yueying , Han Fei , Li Mingxue , Zheng Mengzhu , Gu Xiaoxia , Li Hua , Chen Lixia
Published: July 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant tumor that no effective treatment has been found. The redox state and proliferative activity of PDAC cells are maintained by the conversion of aspartic acid in the cytoplasm into oxaloacetate though aspartate aminotransferase 1 (GOT1). Therefore, GOT1 inhibitors as a potential approach for treating PDAC have attracted more attention of researchers. Ziprasidone effectively inhibited GOT1 in a non-competitive manner. The potential cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation effects of ziprasidone against PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. Ziprasidone can induce glutamine metabolism disorder and redox state imbalance of PDAC cells by targeting GOT1, thereby inhibiting proliferation, preventing migration and inducing apoptosis. Ziprasidone displayed significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in SW1990 cell-derived xenografts. What’s more, knockdown of GOT1 in SW1990 reduced the anti-proliferative effects of ziprasidone. As a novel GOT1 inhibitor, ziprasidone may be a lead compound for the treatment of PDAC.
Vaccination for Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Nationwide Survey in Japan
Authors: Hosaka Sho , Kido Takahiro , Imagawa Kazuo , Fukushima Hiroko , Morio Tomohiro , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Takada Hidetoshi
Published: July 2021

We conducted a nationwide survey of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in Japan for the second time in 10 years, focusing on protective measures for IEI patients against infectious diseases. Questionnaires were sent to various medical departments nationwide, and a total of 1,307 patients were reported. The prevalence of IEI was 2.2 patients per 100,000 population which was comparable with the previous nationwide study. The most common disease category was autoinflammatory disorders (25%), followed by antibody deficiencies (24%) and congenital defects of phagocyte number or function (16%). We found that a significant number of patients received contraindicated vaccines, principally because the patients were not diagnosed as IEI by the time of the vaccination. Regarding diseases for which BCG vaccination is contraindicated, 43% patients had actually received BCG, of which 14% developed BCG related infections. In order to prevent IEI patients from receiving inadequate vaccines, the continuous education to parents and physicians is needed, along with the expansion of newborn screening, but efforts to screen IEI at the site of vaccination also remains important.
Obesity and Diabetes as Main Risk Factors for Stillbirth in a Population from Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Espinoza Kiabeth Robles , Uriarte Graciela Arelí López , Castañeda Gloria Beatriz García , Muñoz Iris Torres , Trampe José de Jesús Lugo , Riojas Guillermo Elizondo , Quintana Oralia Barboza , Camacho Marco Ponce , López Abel Guzmán , de Villareal Laura Martínez
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Stillbirth is an important health problem in obstetrics practice. In Mexico, half of the stillbirths have an explainable cause. The aim of this study was to detect potential stillbirth risk factors and etiology by implementing a multidisciplinary workup at the Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”.

Methods

This is a prospective, descriptive, observational study that included stillbirths from the Obstetrics Service from October 1st, 2019 to May 25, 2020. Evaluation strategies included a complete maternal medical history, physical examination of the fetus, and a photographic medical record. A stillbirth needed to have either a prenatal ultrasound, or a postnatal x-ray, and if possible, a fetal autopsy. Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) was performed with an umbilical cord sample.

Results

Thirty-three stillbirths were reported; 21 were included in the analysis. Eleven mothers (52.3%) had known risk factors for stillbirth, mainly elevated body mass index and diabetes. On physical examination, external birth defects were found in 8 fetuses (38%). X-ray was performed in 14 cases (66%). Alterations were detected as a probable etiologic cause just in one. All cases underwent MLPA, which were reported negative. Three cases had criteria for autopsy. Findings were inconclusive to determine etiology.

Conclusion

Diabetes and obesity were the most frequent risk factors associated with stillbirth in this Mexican population. These factors are preventable by implementing strategies that lead to better prenatal care.
Prognostic Factors for Elderly Gastric Cancer Patients who Underwent Gastrectomy
Authors: Endo Shunji , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Higashida Masaharu , Kubota Hisako , Matsumoto Hideo , Tanaka Hironori , Okada Toshimasa , Yoshimatsu Kazuhiko , Sugimoto Ken , Ueno Tomio
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients with gastric cancer are aging in Japan. It is not clear which patients and which surgical procedures have survival benefits after gastrectomy. A multivariate analysis was performed.Methods: The medical records of 166 patients aged ≥80 years who underwent gastrectomy without macroscopic residual tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard models were performed to detect prognostic factors for overall survival.Results: In univariate analyses, age (≥90 vs. ≥80, <85), performance status (3 vs. 0), the physiological score of the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) (≥40 vs. ≥20, ≤29), Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (<40 vs. ≥45), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) (3, 4 vs. 1, 2), surgical approach (laparoscopic vs. open), extent of gastrectomy (total, proximal vs. distal), extent of lymphadenectomy (D1 vs. ≥D2), pathological stage (II-IV vs. I), and residual tumor (R1 vs. R0) were significantly correlated with worse overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that ASA-PS [3, 4 vs. 1, 2, hazard ratio (HR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-4.24], extent of gastrectomy (total vs distal, HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.10-4.31), (proximal vs. distal, HR 4.05, 95% CI 1.45-11.3), extent of lymphadenectomy (D0 vs. ≥D2, HR 12.4, 95% CI 1.58-97.7) and pathological stage were independent risk factors for mortality.Conclusions: ASA-PS was a useful predictor for postoperative mortality. Gastrectomy including cardia and excessive limitation of lymphadenectomy are best avoided.
Thermal Bridging Through Branches of Snow-Covered Shrubs Cool Down Permafrost in Winter
Authors: Domine Florent , Fourteau Kevin , Picard Ghislain , Lackner Georg , Sarrazin Denis , Poirier Mathilde
Published: July 2021

Warming-induced shrub expansion on Arctic tundra (Arctic greening) is thought to warm up permafrost by several degrees, as shrubs trap blowing snow and increase snowpack thermal insulation, limiting permafrost winter cooling and facilitating its thaw. At Bylot Island, (Canadian high Arctic, 73°N) we monitored permafrost temperature at nearby unmanipulated herb tundra and shrub tundra sites and unexpectedly observed that low shrubs cool permafrost by 1.21°C over the November-February period. This is despite a snowpack twice as insulating in shrubs. Using heat transfer models and finite-element simulations, we show that this winter cooling is caused by thermal bridging through frozen shrub branches. This effect largely compensates the warming effect induced by the more insulating snow in shrubs. The cooling is partly canceled in spring when shrub branches under snow absorb solar radiation and accelerate permafrost warming. The overall effect is expected to depend on snow and shrub characteristics and terrain aspect. These significant perturbations of the permafrost thermal regime by shrub branches should be considered in projections of permafrost thawing, nutrient recycling and greenhouse gas emissions.
PA and OA Induce Abnormal Glucose Metabolism by Inhibiting KLF15 in Adipocytes
Authors: Wang Cuizhe , Chu Xiaolong , Deng Yuchun , Wang Jingzhou , Qiu Tongtong , Zhu Jiaojiao , Yang Xin , Pan Chongge , Xiong Jianyu , Xie Jianxin , Chang Yongsheng , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

Background: Obesity-induced elevated serum free fatty acids (FFAs) levels result in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular mechanism remains largely enigmatic. This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of KLF15 on FFAs-induced abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: Levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glucose were measured by different assay kits. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the levels of GPR120, GPR40, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, KLF15, and downstream factors. Results: KLF15 was decreased in visceral adipose tissue of obesity subjects and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In HFD mice, GPR120 antagonist significantly promoted KLF15 protein expression level and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, meanwhile reduced the blood glucose levels. While, blocking GPR40 inhibited the KLF15 expression. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 1500 μM PA inhibited KLF15 through a GPR120/P-p38 MAPK signal pathway, and 750 μM OA inhibited KLF15 mainly through GPR120 while not dependent on P-p38 MAPK, ultimately resulting in abnormal glucose metabolism. Unfortunately, GPR40 didn’t contribute to PA or OA-induced KLF15 reduction. Conclusions: Both PA and OA inhibit KLF15 expression through GPR120, leading to abnormal glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Notably, the inhibition of KLF15 expression by PA depends on phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
Nicotinamide-functionalized carbon quantum dot as new sensing platform for portable quantification of vitamin B12 in fluorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode
Authors: Dadkhah Sahar , Mehdinia Ali , Jabbari Ali , Manbohi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Development of an efficient, portable and simple nanosensor-based systems with reliable analytical performance for on-site monitoring of vitamin B12 (VB12) are still major problems and a challenging work for quality control of manufacturers. Herein, a new fluorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode nanosensors were designed for the simultaneous detection of VB12 with high sensitivity and accuracy. A novel nanosensor was synthesized through nicotinamide-functionalizing on carbon quantum dot (NA-CQDs) by an one-step microwave-assisted method with green approaches. The NA-CQDs as new nanosensor showed excellent fluorescence properties and wide linear ranges from 0.1–60 µM with the detection limits of 31.7 nM. Moreover, color changes of NA-CQDs induced by the VB12 could also be detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and inhouse-developed application installed on smartphone as a signal reader, simultanusly. The Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensities of the colorimetric images of NA-CQDs/VB12 system which taken by smartphone's camera converted into quantitative values by the introduced application. A smartphone-integrated with NA-CQDs as colorimetric sensing platform displays good linear ranges (4.16 to 66.6 µM) for on-site determination of VB12 with detection limit of 1.40 µM. The method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex pharmaceutical supplement formulations without any sample pre-treatment and matrix interfering effects. The recovery results (96.52–105.10%) which are in agreement with the reference methods, demonstrating the capability of the smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensing platform in many on-site practical applications of quality controls.
Application of a Personalized Finite Element Analysis and 3D-Printed Navigation Template in The Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture With Cannulated Screw
Authors: Wang Sizhe , Wang Bin , Lan Xiaoquan , Xu Zhenzhen , Huang Haoran , Wang Xiaolong , Shen Shibin , Ma Jianlin
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of combining a personalized finite element analysis with 3D-printed navigation template on the treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF) with cannulated screw. Methods: A total of 60 patients as unstable FNT with cannulated screw were evolved in this study from October 2016 to December 2019, who were randomly divided into two groups (n=30/group): The subjects in the study group were examined using the a finite element analysis according to the three-dimensional CT of hip joint before operation and then underwent 3D-printed navigation template of the femur to complete the implantation of the cannulated screw whereas the other 30 patients in the control group were underwent the implantation of the cannulated screw using the conventional FNF treatment in the inverted isosceles triangle. The success rate of one-time implantation of the cannulated screw, the postoperative shortest distance of talus cortex, and the healing of fracture, necrosis of femoral head and Harris function scores of hip joint in 12 months after operation were recorded and compared between the study and control groups.Results: According to the finite element analysis, the biomechanics of three screws were the most stable when they were close to the bone cortex (<3mm). Further more, it was demonstrated that the patients in the study group have more effectively success rate of one-time nail placement (93.33%) and significant reduction in the distance of talus cortex of cannulated screws (3.04 ± 0.39mm) than those in the control group (66.67% and 5.38±0.71mm). At 12 months post-surgery, higher healing rate of fracture (93.33%) and Harris functional score of hip (93.67 ± 4.01), as well as lower necrosis rate of femoral head (6.67%) were underwent in the study group when compared with the control group (83.33%, 91.57±4.18 and 16.67%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combined application of a personalized finite element analysis and 3D-printed navigation template in the treatment of femoral neck fracture with cannulated screw can not only improve the effective nail placement, but also make the screw more in line with the requirements of biomechanical stability to promote the fracture healing and reduce the risk of femoral head necrosis. So it is a digital orthopedic technology for clinical popularization.
The Older The Better? The Strange Case of Empirical Ground Motion Models in the Near-Source of Moderate-To-Large Magnitude Earthquakes
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Chiecchio Angela , Vanini Manuela
Published: July 2021

This paper aims at providing a quantitative evaluation of the performance of a set of empirical ground motion models (GMMs), by testing them in a magnitude and distance range (Mw = 5.5 ÷ 7.0 and Joyner-Boore source-to-site distance Rjb ≤ 20 km) which dominates hazard in the highest seismicity areas of Italy for the return periods of upmost interest for seismic design. To this end, we made use of the very recent release of the NESS2.0 dataset (Sgobba et al., 2021), that collects worldwide near-source strong motion records with detailed metadata. After selection of an ample set of GMMs, based on either their application in past seismic hazard assessment (SHA) studies or for their recent introduction, a quantification of between- and within-event residuals of predictions with respect to records was performed, with the final aim of shedding light on the performance of existing GMMs in the near-source of moderate-to-large earthquakes, in view of a proper selection and weighting of GMMs for SHA.
Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Leaf-Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release of A Cold Temperate Coniferous Forest in Jiaozi Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Southwest China
Authors: yuan jiyou , Ouyang zhiyun , SU Yirong , Wang Yun
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Litter decomposition is a key process of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, an important part of the global carbon budget, and deeply affected by global atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the effects of different forms of N addition on litter decomposition and nutrient release are unclear in a cold temperate coniferous forest in a subtropical Chinese plateau.
Methods

Three N sources (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, and NH4NO3 were used in the gradient N deposition method. Each N source was divided into four treatments, from low to high, they were CK (control 0 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), low N (low-N 5 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), medium n (medium-N 15 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), high N (high-30 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), and each treatment repeated three times.
Results

After two years, the litter decomposition rates of low and medium ammonium nitrate treatments were the fastest as compared to the control, while high and low ammonium nitrate treatments were the slowest. Under the same nitrogen deposition conditions, the litter decomposition rates of low nitrogen treatments were higher than high nitrogen treatments. The order of litter decomposition rates was ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > sodium nitrate. Nitrogen deposition decreased the amount of C in litter leaves but increased N and P levels slightly. Phosphorus changes over time were more complex than C and N over time.
Conclusions

These results showed that high nitrogen deposition in the future could increase litter decomposition rates and delay the nutrient release, which may be beneficial to improve soil carbon sequestration.
MRI-guided Radiotherapy for PVTT in HCC Patients: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Lee So Jung , Kim Myungsoo , Kwak Yoo-Kang , Kang Hye Jin
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate to efficacy, feasibility, and safety of the tumor tracking magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the twelve cases of unresectable HCC with tumor thrombus in the main trunk or first branch of the portal vein that were treated with tumor tracking MRI-guided HFRT or SBRT using the ViewRay Linac MRIdian system between June 2019 and January 2021. The HFRT was performed with a total of 50 Gy in 10 fractions, and SBRT performed in a range of 36-50 Gy with 4-5 fractions. The median biologic effective dose (BED) with an a/b ratio of 10 was 75 Gy10 (range, 68.4–100 Gy10). ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.7–12.8 months). Ten patients (83.3%) showed an objective response of PVTT. At the time of analysis, 10 patients (83.3%) showed local control. The median survival of these patients was 11.6 months (range, 1.9–12.8 months). Three patients (25%) showed mild gastrointestinal symptoms, and there were no cases of grade 3 or higher toxicity. For hepatic toxicity, there were no cases of Child-Puch score increased by more than 2 points after RT without disease progression. ConclusionTumor tracking MRI-guided HFRT and SBRT was a feasible, effective, and safe treatment option in HCC patients with tumor thrombi in the main trunk or first branch of the portal vein.
Decoding pathogenesis factors involved in the progression of ATLL or HAM/TSP after infection by HTLV-1 through a systems virology study
Authors: Ghobadi Mohadeseh Zarei , Emamzadeh Rahman , Teymoori-Rad Majid , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza
Published: July 2021

Background
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP, a neurodegenerative disease) after a long latency period as an asymptomatic carrier (AC). There are no obvious explanations about how AC carriers develop each of the mentioned diseases. Finding the discriminative molecular factors and pathways may clarify the destiny of the infection.
Methods
To shed light on the involved molecular players and activated pathways in each state, differentially co-expressed modules (DiffCoEx) algorithm was employed to identify the highly correlated genes which were co-expressed differently between normal and ACs, ACs and ATLL, as well as ACs and HAM/TSP samples. Through differential pathway analysis, the dysregulated pathways and the specific disease-genes-pathways were figured out. Moreover, the common genes between the member of DiffCoEx and differentially expressed genes were found and the specific genes in ATLL and HAM/TSP were considered as possible biomarkers.
Results
The dysregulated genes in the ATLL were mostly enriched in immune and cancer-related pathways while the ones in the HAM/TSP were enriched in immune, inflammation, and neurological pathways. The differential pathway analysis clarified the differences between the gene players in the common activated pathways. Eventually, the final analysis revealed the involvement of specific dysregulated genes including KIRREL2, RAB36, and KANK1 in HAM/TSP as well as LTB4R2, HCN4, FZD9, GRIK5, CREB3L4, TACR2, FRMD1, LHB, FGF3, TEAD3, GRIN2D, GNRH2, PRLH, GPR156, and CRHR2 in ATLL.
Conclusion
The identified potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are proposed as the most important platers in developing ATLL or HAM/TSP. Moreover, the proposed signaling network clarifies the differences between the functional players in the activated pathways in ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP.
Lymph Node Positive Rate: An Ignored Factor Affecting the Prognosis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Xia Xiaotian , Wang Shoufei
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between the positive rate of examined lymph nodes and the prognosis of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).MethodInformation on demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with medullary thyroid cancer was extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between 1998 and 2015. Lymph Node Positive Rate (LNPR) is defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes removed. Eligible MTC patients were divided into four LNPR groups (0-0.25, 0.26-0.50, 0.51-0.75 and 0.76 -1.00). Compare the overall survival rate (OS) and cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method between the four MTC patient groups and Perform univariate and multivariate analyzes to assess the relationship between Lymph Node Positive Rate and prognosis of the MTC patients.ResultAfter screening, there were 623 eligible patients with medullary thyroid cancer, of which the number of patients in four groups was 245 (LNPR: 0-0.25), 199 (LNPR: 0.26-0.50), 105 (LNPR: 0.51-0.75) and 99 (LNPR: 0.76-1.00).Compared to the group ((LNPR: 0-0.25), the CSS and OS rates in the two groups were ((LNPR: 0.51-0.75 and LNPR: 0.76-1.00) (both p <0.001) significantly lower, and the multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the group (LNPR: 0.51-0.75) correlated significantly with poorer CSS and OS rates [(CSS: HR 1.77, 95% - CI 0.99 3.19, P = 0.045); (OS: HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.79, P = 0.038)] and group (LNPR: 0.76-1.00) correlated significantly with poorer CSS and OS rates [(CSS: HR 2.09.95% CI 1.12-3.92, P = 0.021); (OS: HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.32 -3.76, P = 0.003)].Conclusion The LNPR can serve as a prognostic marker for patients, and the higher the LNPR, the worse the prognosis for patients with medullary thyroid cancer.
Caveolin-1 Alleviates Angiotensin Ⅱ Induced Endothelial Injury and Cerebral Microbleed Via Mitochondrial Protection
Authors: Li Cheng-Cheng , Tang Xiao-Qin , Wang Jie , Duan Hai-jun , Xia Min , Guo Chao , Chen Yu-jie , Wang Bo , Chen Yong-jie , Yin Yi , Chen Wei-Xiang , Feng Hua
Published: July 2021

Cerebral microbleeds are a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and a predictor of cerebral hemorrhage. However, the causes of cerebral microbleeds remain unclear. Research on the mechanism of cerebral microbleeds may provide new ideas for the treatment of CSVD. In a mouse model, we show cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment with increasing expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Mechanistically, in an in vitro study, we find that Cav-1 knockdown significantly affects the mitochondrial pathway in the cytoplasm and decreases the endothelial viability. Moreover, Cav-1 knockdown induces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and mitochondria reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By contrast, overexpression of Cav-1 alleviates the decrease of cell viability, MMP depolarization and mitochondria ROS production induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ). Furthermore, Cav-1 activation significantly improves cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment in CSVD mice. We identify Cav-1 as an endogenous protective molecule via mitochondrial protection, and activation of Cav-1 resists microbleeds and cognitive impairment in an animal model of CSVD. Cav-1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for CSVD.
Release of endogenous chondroitin sulfate and heparin as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis in COVID-19
Authors: Ruggiero Marco
Published: July 2021

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for COVID-19, is associated with immune-mediated responses that lead to dysregulated activation of proteolytic enzymes; these contribute to damage to the endothelium, thrombosis, hypercoagulability, and other hematologic complications that include thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a complication of severe COVID-19 as well as a potentially fatal adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Here, it is demonstrated that proteolysis of plasma proteins leads to sequential release of endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), first chondroitin sulfate (CS), followed by heparin (HP). The extension and degree of what is called "proteolytic storm" determines whether only one endogenous type of GAGs (CS), or both (CS and HP), are released. Sulfated GAGs such as CS and HP exert a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sustained and excessive release of endogenous HP may be responsible for thrombotic thrombocytopenia just as it happens in HP-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a well-known side effect of HP administration that results in thromboembolisms in atypical sites, thrombocytopenia, and synthesis of autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4) that contribute to platelet aggregation. It is concluded that release of endogenous HP as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis occurring during COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination may play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as in adverse reactions to vaccination.
DUNEScan: A Web Application for Uncertainty Estimation in Skin Cancer Detection with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mazoure Bogdan , Mazoure Alexander , Bédard Jocelyn , Makarenkov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Recent years have seen a steep rise in the number of skin cancer detection applications. While modern advances in deep learning made possible reaching new heights in terms of classification accuracy, no publicly available skin cancer detection software provide confidence estimates for these predictions. We present DUNEScan (Deep Uncertainty Estimation for Skin Cancer), a web application that performs an intuitive in-depth analysis of uncertainty in commonly used skin cancer classification models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). DUNEScan allows users to upload a skin lesion image, and quickly compares the mean and the variance estimates provided by a number of new and traditional CNN models. Moreover, our web application uses the Grad-CAM and UMAP algorithms to visualize the classification manifold for the user’s input, hence providing crucial information about its closeness to skin lesion images taken from the popular ISIC database. DUNEScan is freely available at: https://www.dunescan.org.
Reduction of tris(2,2’-bipyridine)cobalt(III) complex by thiosulphate ion in an aqueous acidic medium
Authors: Osunkwo C.R. , Nkole I.U.
Published: July 2021

The reduction of tris(2,2-bipyridine)cobalt(III) complex by thiosulphate ion in an aqueous acidic medium gave a notable outcome. The stoichiometric evaluation indicates that one mole of the reducing agent has been consumed by one mole of the oxidant, and the reaction complies with an overall equation: 2[Co(bpy)3]3+ + 2S2O32− 2[Co(bpy)3]2+ + S4O62− The kinetics study conducted under a pseudo-first-order method shows that the rate of the reaction was acid-reliant and third-order overall; zero-order in the [oxidant], second-order in the [reductant], and first-order in the hydrogen ion concentration. The empirical rate expression complies with the equation:− [Co(bpy)33+] = a [H+][S2O32−]2‘a’ = 77.82 dm6 mol−2 s−1; at [H+] = 2.0 × 10−2 mol dm−3, µ = 0.4 mol dm−3 (NaCl), T = 28 ± 1˚C and λmax = 560 nm.With increased ionic strength and decreased medium dielectric constant, the reaction rate increased. The inclusion of cations and anions accelerate and constricted the reaction rates respectively. Spectroscopic examination and kinetic evidence indicate an outer sphere mechanism, and the mechanism was therefore proposed via an outer-sphere route.
Natural risks and monitoring systems: Case study of the mining-industrial heritage objects of Karelia (Ruskeala Mining Park), Russia
Authors: Shekov Vitali Alexandrovich
Published: July 2021

Mine workings (open and underground) abandoned during the production process become part of the environment. These objects begin to degrade in accordance with ordinary processes occurring in nature. However, such developments are often of historical value and therefore become tourist sites. They pose a serious threat to the health and life of people visiting these tourist sites, if such workings were not initially processed to safe conditions. The paper considers an example of such an object - a marble quarry with elements of underground caves - the Ruskeala marble deposit, located in Karelia. In the middle of the XX century, it was abandoned, today the "Main" quarry is a monument of the historical and cultural (mining-industrial) heritage of the Republic of Karelia. Ruskeala Mining Park has collected all the risks of degradation inherent in such a natural site. The paper has proposed solutions for monitoring the sustainability of underground objects used as museum exhibits to ensure the safety of tourists visiting them.
Breeding of industrial hemp with a high content of cannabigerol by the case of ‘Vik 2020’ cultivar
Authors: Mishchenko Serhii , Laiko Iryna , Kyrychenko Hanna
Published: July 2021

To create an industrial hemp variety of the Central European ecological and geographical type with a high cannabigerol content and universal application.
Methods. Breeding (self-pollination, creation of artificial populations, selection), field, biochemical (thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography of cannabinoid compounds), instrumental and technological assessment of fibre quality, and statistical methods.
Results. Variety ‘Vik 2020’ was obtained as a result of creation of artificial populations. The plants are characterized by higher content of cannabigerol (1.034 ± 0.0323%), and almost zero of other secondary metabolites, such as cannabidivarin, cannabidiol, cannabichromene and psychotropic tetrahydrocannabinol (0.003 ± 0.0011; 0.018 ± 0.0080; 0.012 ± 0.0027, and 0.005 ± 0.0012%, respectively). The t rait of cannabigerol content is quite stable within the population and is not correlated with the trait of tetrahydrocannabinol content (r = -0.23). TLC showed that cannabigerol accumulated mainly in the form of cannabigerolic acid and to a lesser extent as a neutral compound, which is consistent with the theory that this substance is a precursor for the synthesis of other cannabinoids. According to the results of the competitive variety test, when growing to obtain fibre and seeds, the variety features short height, specifically significantly lower total (206.4 cm) and technical stem length (135.6 cm) compared to the standard variety, significantly higher inflorescence length (70.8 cm), which determine the formation of the significant yield of biomass suitable for pharmaceutical use and high seed yield (0.98 t/ha). The yield of total fibre was the same as in the standard variety (29.0%), but its quality and technological value for primary processing were higher. The variety had a homogeneous sex structure, resistance to bioltic and abiotic environmental factors. Plants reached biological maturity in 116 days (BBCH 89). This cultivar is recommended for obtaining seeds, quality fiber and potentially cannabigerol (on condition of changes in legislation).
Conclusions. The efficiency of using self-pollinating lines in breeding with their subsequent combining into a synthetic population and improving selection was proved by the case of a new variety of industrial hemp ‘Vik 2020’, characterized by an increased content of cannabigerol and the absence of psychotropic properties
Improving the performance of rainfall-runoff models using the gene expression programming approach
Authors: Esmaeili-Gisavandani Hassan , Lotfirad Morteza , Sofla Masoud Soori Damirchi , Ashrafzadeh Afshin
Published: July 2021

In this study, five hydrological models, including the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), identification of unit hydrograph and component flows from rainfall, evapotranspiration, and streamflow (IHACRES), Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV), Australian water balance model (AWBM), and Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA), were used to simulate the flow of the Hablehroud River, north-central Iran. All the models were validated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NS), and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE). It was found that SWAT, IHACRES, and HBV had satisfactory results in the calibration phase. However, only the SWAT model had good performance in the validation phase and outperformed the other models. It was also observed that peak flows were generally underestimated by the models. The sensitivity analysis results of the model parameters were also evaluated. A hybrid model was developed using gene expression programming (GEP). According to the error measures, the ensemble model had the best performance in both calibration (NS = 0.79) and validation (NS = 0.56). The GEP combination method can combine model outputs from less accurate individual models and produce a superior river flow estimate.
Multiobjective optimisation and cluster analysis in placement of best management practices in an urban flooding scenario
Authors: Dwivedula Rohit , Madhuri R. , Srinivasa Raju K. , Vasan A.
Published: July 2021

This research is being carried out to study how best management practices (BMPs) can mitigate the negative effects of urban floods during extreme rainfall events. Strategically placing BMPs throughout open areas and rooftops in urban areas serves multiple purposes of storage of rainwater, removal of pollutants from surface runoff and sustainable utilisation of land. This situation is framed as a multiobjective optimisation problem to analyse the trade-offs between multiple goals of runoff reduction, construction cost and pollutant load reduction. Output includes a wide range of choices to choose from for decision makers. Proposed methodology is demonstrated with a case study of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India. A historical extreme rainfall event of 237.5 mm which occurred in 2016 and extreme rainfall event of 1,740.62 mm corresponding to representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 were considered for analysis. Two multiobjective optimisation algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) and constrained two-archive evolutionary algorithm (C-TAEA) are used to solve the BMP placement problem, following which the resulting Pareto-fronts are ensembled. K-Medoids-based cluster analysis is performed on the resulting ensembled Pareto-front. The proposed ensembled approach identified ten possible BMP configurations, with costs ranging from Rs. to surface runoff reduction ranging from to and pollutant load removal ranging from tonnes. Use of BMPs in future events has the potential to reduce surface runoff from , while simultaneously removing tonnes of pollutants for cost ranging from The proposed framework forms an effective and novel way to characterise and solve BMP optimisation problems in context of climate change, presenting a view of the urban flooding scenario today, and the likely course of events in the future.
Recent Trends in AFM Imaging Speed and Improvement Methods
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Bingge
Published: July 2021

:

Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become the main tool for observation and manipulation
in nanotechnology research due to its nano-meter high resolution, but the slow imaging speed is
one of the important reasons hindering the further development of AFM. This article first introduces
the applications of AFM in cell biology in recent years, expresses the importance of rapid imaging in
cell biology, and then summarizes the reasons affecting the imaging speed of AFM from three aspects:
the limited bandwidth of system mechanical components, obvious inherent characteristics of
piezoelectric scanners, and complex image processing algorithms. The improvement and optimization
methods of mechanical parts or structure, control algorithm and image processing are reviewed
for different influence reasons. Then, the advantages and of different improvement methods, as well
as the improved imaging speed and imaging quality improvement effects, are compared. Imaging
speed and resolution are both several to dozens of times higher than before, while ensuring image
quality and without damaging the samples. The aim of this review is to enable students, the public
and even experts of different knowledge backgrounds to learn directly, and select realizable improvement
methods according to realistic conditions. Finally, the future development trend and further
prospects of high-speed AFM are discussed.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related to Decreased Peripheral and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Sarcopenic Thai Elderly
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Boonsinsukh Rumpa
Published: July 2021

Background:

Age is related to a decline in muscle mass and physical function in both respiratory
and peripheral muscle strength, which could lead to mobility and mortality. In addition,
older people have suffered from one or multiple chronic conditions in particular in type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (type 2 DM). However, a few studies have reported the relationship between sarcopenic
elderly and respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths in type 2DM.

Objective:

To explore the prevalence of sarcopenia in type 2 DM elderly people among community-
dwelling patients and the relationships with peripheral and respiratory muscle loss in sarcopenic
type 2 DM older patients.

Methods:

A total of 330 older individuals were recruited from community-dwelling centers. Respiratory
muscle and quadriceps muscle were assessed. According to the defined criteria for sarcopenia
(defined by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia), muscle mass, gait speed (six-meter walk
test), and handgrip strength were examined.

Results:

Of 330 elderly people, 82 volunteers had a history of type 2 DM. Participants with type
2DM had a risk for sarcopenia (odds ratio= 2.324, 95% CI=1.251-4.317). The prevalence of sarcopenia
was 25.61% among older participants with type 2 DM. In addition, decreased respiratory
muscle strength and quadriceps muscle strength were observed in type 2 DM with sarcopenia compared
to type 2 DM with non-sarcopenia. These relationships also remained after controlling for
age and sex.

Conclusion:

Sarcopenia in type 2 DM leads to a decrease in respiratory muscle and peripheral muscle
strength.