bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of multifunctional technological machines when creating a geoinformation system
Authors: Duganova Elena , Novikov Ivan , Miroshnikov Evgeny
Published: December 2023

When creating methods and algorithms for analyzing transport characteristics and road transport infrastructure, it is necessary to develop new technologies that determine the improvement of the quality of the road fund of the Belgorod region.Improving the quality of the road fund directly depends on the organization of road construction and subsequent maintenance of highways. Road services and enterprises operating multifunctional equipment, in the conditions of digital transformation, are trying to introduce new technologies for the production of works that reduce the cycle time of the technological operation. One of such solutions is the use of quick-release connecting devices for multifunctional equipment. That allows you to reduce the amount of equipment used at the sites of road works.A refined method of static calculation of the stability assessment of a single-bucket excavator with the inclusion of a quick-release connecting device in the design of the working equipment is presented.
Sustainable development and formation of a competitive machine-building complex in Russia
Authors: Borisova Ludmila , Zhukova Tatyana
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the problems of sustainable development of the national economy of Russia, in particular one of the basic sectors of the economy - the country's machine-building complex. It is noted that mechanical engineering is the basic guideline and the main vector of economic development. The sustainable development of all sectors of the economy is determined by the successful development of high-tech engineering production. Innovative forms of development are possible on the platform of leading industrial enterprises that determine key directions and high-tech forms of dynamic development of all sectors of the national economy. The tendencies in the development of industrial enterprises in conditions of increased competition are identified. The possibilities of investment and innovative methods for updating the fixed capital fund of machine-building enterprises are considered. Factors of negative impact and measures of strategy for the successful development of the Russian economy are identified.
Obtaining vinyl chloride by oxychlorination of ethylene under the action of hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Fayzullaev Normurot , Kurbanova Dilafruz , Bobomurodova Sanobar , Muradova Dilafruz
Published: December 2023

In the article, the thermodynamics of the oxychlorination processes of ethylene in the presence of oxygen under the influence of hydrogen chloride were studied and the mechanism of the oxychlorination reaction was proposed. Kinetic equations describing the rate of formation of 1,2-dichloroethane and carbon dioxide were proposed based on the study of the mechanism of the process. The laws of formation of complete oxidation products of oxychlorination of ethylene with hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen in the presence of catalysts obtained for the oxychlorination reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen were studied in a fluidized bed reactor designed for the oxychlorination reaction of ethylene in the presence of oxygen under the influence of hydrogen chloride. The temperature range is 210-240 ℃, the linear velocity of gases is 5.5-7 cm/sec, and the contact time of the oxychlorination reaction of conditioned ethylene with hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen is 8.5-9.5 sec. The ethylene oxychlorination reactor consists of a 32.5 m column apparatus with a diameter of 3.5 m. The operating modes of the reactor designed for the oxychlorination of ethylene under the influence of hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen were determined, and the material and heat balance of the reactor designed to carry out the oxychlorination reaction was calculated. The purpose of the work is to study the thermodynamic and kinetic laws of the oxychlorination processes of ethylene under the influence of hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen and to create a technology for obtaining vinyl chloride.
Investigation on impact of large-size blades’ heat treatment modes on microstructure formation
Authors: Pankratov Dmitry , Piksaev Vasily , Kashapov Fidail
Published: December 2023

The resource of a cast section directly depends on its density and quality of micro-macrostructure. The article presents the results of combined heat treatment application. On the basis of comparison of research results the application of homogenisation for cast billets from IN-792-5A alloy is justified. The work on the selection of technological modes to minimise the content of γ' phase in the body of the cast billet has been carried out. The object of the study was a cast billet of the work blade of the 4th stage.
Improving the technology of surface preparation of titanium alloys before the processing process
Authors: Nikiforov I.P.
Published: December 2023

Modern production classifies conventional methods of mechanical processing of titanium parts as unproductive and economically unprofitable. New methods of machining are provided by changing the very nature of the mechanical action on the cut layer of the workpiece. This includes the use of chemical, electrical and thermal types of exposure. Combined manufacturing methods are also used, consisting in a combination of mechanical and physical effects. The main direction of new processing methods is associated with a decrease in the vibration activity of the technological system, leading to an increase in the quality and accuracy of the surface being machined, as well as to an increase in tool life. This is especially important in the machining of hard-to-machine metals based on titanium, since the manufacturing process is associated with the occurrence of unstable self-oscillations when crossing a previously prepared zone of local plastic deformation. In this regard, this work is devoted to the choice of the interaction of deforming tools with the machined surface of a workpiece made of titanium alloys and the combination of regime parameters in the direction of supply and application of forces to the depth of plastic deformation.
Application of variable-height beams with wooden sub-rafter elements in the roof structures of industrial buildings
Authors: Shishov Ivan , Lisyatnikov Mikhail , Lukin Mikhail , Deev Vladislav , Prusov Evgeny , Chibrikin Danila , Roshcina Svetlana
Published: December 2023

The investigation pertains to the coating utilized in single-story industrial buildings. Frame constructions with spans of 24, 30, and 36 meters are examined, employing wood-based elements as rafter structures. The reinforced concrete rafter structures exhibit a pitch of 2-3 meters and are configured in the shape of an I-beam. The truss structures along their length are subdivided into seven sections, featuring variable lengths, flange widths, rib thicknesses, and cross-section heights. Deflection calculations consider the nonlinearity of concrete and reinforcement deformations, adhering to prevailing building codes. The elastic solutions method is employed in conjunction with the finite difference method. The proposed coating designs are distinguished by their ease of manufacturing, transportation, and element installation. The wood-composite rafter structure boasts a lower mass compared to reinforced concrete elements, facilitating installation with a lightweight crane and overall diminishing the coating's weight without compromising its structural integrity. Several beam characteristics for spans of 24, 30, and 36 meters include respective mid-span heights of 1.2 meters, 1.4 meters, and 1.5 meters; volumes of 8.23 cubic meters, 9.25 cubic meters, and 10.6 cubic meters; and weights of 19.8 tons, 22.2 tons, and 25.4 tons. The proposed solution allows for the integration of bending moment and stiffness diagrams for the rafter beam configuration.
Influence of subtitle base stabilization with geogrids on the deformability of the earth bed during thawing
Authors: Petriaev Andrey , Zhuravlev Igor , Sviatogorova Anastasia
Published: December 2023

In this research papers, several fundamental questions connected with the assessment of the influence of subgrade stabilization using the geogrid reinforcing method on deformability of subgrade during thawing are considered, as also the basic provisions of methods of calculation of the stress-strain state of subgrade reinforced by geogrids during thawing. Several practically significant tasks, such as reduction of general deformability, reduction of uneven distribution of deformations, increase of bearing capacity, and ensuring the stability of earth bed during thawing, can be solved by using modern geomaterials in the construction of earth bed. In order to determine the degree of change in the deformation characteristics of the ground reinforced with planar geomaterials under varying factors of structural, operational, and technological nature, a series of laboratory stamping tests were performed. The test outcomes showed an increase in the total deformation modulus of reinforced soil, depending on the realized variant of reinforcement, under the condition of full inclusion of geomaterial in the work under load, and being the most essential for recompacted soils. The paper proposes a method of accounting for the influence of reinforcing layers of geomaterial on the deformability and bearing capacity of the earth bed during thawing using a conventionally homogeneous equivalent layer with parameters determined by the outcomes of die tests. The proposed method of calculating the stress-strain state of an earth bed reinforced with geogrids during thawing is based on the use of the finite element method and is an effective tool for solving practical tasks of railway construction, including permafrost conditions.
The effectiveness of the biological preparation "Ivan Ovsinsky-fulvohumate" on the cotton variety "Bukhara-6" in the conditions of irrigated meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region
Authors: Axmedov M. , Sharipov O. , Кarimova X.
Published: December 2023

Growing high quality crops in the country depends on the fertility of the soil, the amount of humus in it and beneficial microflora. In recent years, Fusarium wilt disease caused by the soil fungus Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) has been observed in some crop growing areas to manifest as a "flat" disease. Fusarium wilt has been known abroad and in Uzbekistan for many years. Fusarium wilt has been associated with 1-2 % damage to fine-grained cotton varieties (Gossypium barbadense) in previous years, but medium-fiber cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) have also become affected in recent decades.
Approach to assessing consumers’ purchasing choices for premium meat and meat products
Authors: Biryukova Tatiana , Ashmarina Tatyana
Published: December 2023

The decision-making process of food choice among consumers has been significantly transformed at the present development stage. At present, consumers are guided by a large number of factors with regard to the choice of meat and meat products, a number of which have arisen against the background of increased information availability, the formation of the trend "healthy eating", significant changes in the external environment. At the moment, this issue is of particular relevance for producers of meat and meat products, because the classification of products in relation to their main criteria is an important aspect of the formation of product marketing in order to ensure a favourable position in the competition. At the moment the definition of the product by the consumer, in particular meat and meat products, in the format of "premium" occurs on the basis of a number of factors, but the general opinion that should be attributed to the "premium" quality of the product at the moment has not been formulated. This study attempts to identify the main criteria influencing consumer behaviour in relation to the choice of premium meat and meat products. Based on the results of the study, consumer activity was analysed in relation to the marketing relationship model with the consumer in relation to the choice of premium meat and meat products in Moscow. The main parameters, on the basis of which the perception of the product as a product of the "premium" class occurs, are formulated. The interrelation of a number of factors in relation to the formation of consumer behaviour when choosing meat and meat products of the "premium" class is noted. The main conclusions regarding the evaluation of the consumer's choice of purchasing meat and meat products of the "premium" class are formulated.
About the Planned Reliability of Electric Power Systems
Authors: Krupenev Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issue of expanding the methodological foundations of system reliability of electric power systems as part of the development of a new type of system reliability - planned reliability. Planned reliability is a type of system reliability intended for the analysis of electric power systems when planning their operation for a period of up to 1-2 years. Planned reliability includes some signs of security and adequacy. The need for the development of methodological foundations for this type of system reliability is associated with the need to solve a number of important problems in electric power systems, such as planning repairs of power equipment, long-term planning of power system modes, etc.
Distribution network planning with DG units considering the network reconfiguration and reliability
Authors: Khasanov Mansur , Kamel Salah , Abdubannaev Jasur , Kurbanov Abror , Abdullayev Elnur , Jalilov Urinboy
Published: December 2023

The failure statistics of most utilities show that distribution networks (DN) make the most considerable individual contribution to the lack of supply to consumers. There are several advantages to optimizing distributed generation (DG) allocation in DNs, including loss reduction, voltage profile improvements, and reliability. A traditional objective function of optimal DG allocation is to minimize the total power loss and improve the voltage profile. Due to their ability to supply loads locally, DG units enhance the load-carrying capability of lines and, therefore, serve the same purpose as redundant lines. A DN’s reliability indices can also be improved by optimal DG allocation. As such, it is interesting to investigate how network reconfiguration (NR) may be further enhanced to improve the achievement of these critical objectives and ensure the system’s efficient operation in this context. The purpose of this paper is to present an intensive investigation of the reliability and performance improvement that NR can achieve when using DG units in modern DNs. An efficient metaheuristic rider optimizer algorithm (ROA) is applied to the complex combinatorial NR and DG allocation problem with stringent constraints. Analyses are conducted on benchmark IEEE 33-bus test DNs with explicit presentation of results.
Development of magneto elastic transducers of mechanical quantities invariant to destabilizing factors
Authors: Amirov Sulton , Jurayeva Kamila , Nazirova Zamira
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes the transducers of mechanical quantities developed by various authors, invariant to destabilizing factors and ways to reduce the sources of errors affecting the main characteristics. At the same time, special attention is paid to the causes of various errors associated with the properties of the magnetic material, such as magneto elastic hysteresis and the nonlinearity of the transformation function. Additional errors caused by temperature changes and their studies have shown the possibility of reducing the temperature error by selecting the material of the magnetic circuit and choosing the optimal power supply modes. Fluctuations in the frequency and amplitude of the supply voltage are factors that significantly affect the sensitivity, while causing additional error, and the use of the classic Royer multivibrator scheme increases sensitivity.
Digital protection of electrical equipment in railway transport
Authors: Turdibekov Komolbek , Rustamov Dilshod , Xalikov Sarvar
Published: December 2023

In this scientific study, an analysis of the modernization of the digital protection of AC traction substation electrical equipment in operation, in particular power transformers, the implementation of the basic provisions for the implementation of digital protection of power transformers, finding algorithms for the implementation of both measuring and logic elements of digital protection, mathematical models of digital protection of power transformers are obtained, a method for blocking current protection is implemented, a method is selected finding the setpoints of the stage, obtaining differential protection, the schemes of secondary switching of digital protection are considered, the results of the scientific research carried out in the microprocessor terminal of protection of power transformers.
Problems of ensuring security in open – pipe coal mines in the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Gulomova Gulnora , Turabekova Urxiya , Nizamova Dilrabo , Mudarisova Rayhon
Published: December 2023

This article provides information on ensuring safety at coal mines by analyzing existing coal mining facilities. Information on the Angren coal mine is also given. It is shown that there are no accurate methods for determining the location of fires in order to increase the efficiency of spontaneous combustion prevention by supplying liquid compositions such as water and clay pulp flowing down the formation soil. Measures have been proposed to suppress spontaneous combustion centers, nitrogen is being increasingly used, the supply of which ensures volumetric processing of the collapsed mass and allows reducing the oxygen concentration in the mined-out space.
Automatic control system of greenhouse soil moisture using solar photoelectric systems research
Authors: Rasakhodzhaev Bakhramzhan , Mingzhi Zhao , Akhmadjonov Usmonjon , Liu Yung Jie , Rong Yu , Shoimov Jasur
Published: December 2023

This research work is devoted to the study of the system of automatic control of soil moisture in the greenhouse using photoelectric systems. In this regard, work continues to modernise existing and develop new designs of heliothermal greenhouses, in particular, energy-efficient greenhouses with transformable enclosure, in which the volume can be changed by transforming the enclosure. The main objective of the research work is to create an efficient way to save energy and water consumption in greenhouses. The use of solar water pump sprinklers in the soil irrigation system inside the greenhouse can reduce water consumption and electricity consumption. A special sprinkler device is used to spray water on the irrigated area to reduce water consumption. The combined sprinkler is an environmentally friendly and economical device used to minimise electricity and water consumption. Improved systems for saving and rational use of electricity and water resources were used in our research work.
The possibilities of application of cogeneration plants at the boiler houses in Uzbekistan
Authors: Koroli Mekhriya , Nizamova Lola
Published: December 2023

At the moment, the fuel and energy complex of the republic is experiencing crisis state. The main manifestation of the crisis is that disruption and interruptions in the supply of fuel, electricity and heat to individual regions and consumers are becoming commonplace. One of the most promising solutions to this situation is the development of distributed power generation. The process of joint generation of electric and thermal energy 3/4 cogeneration, which, among other things, provides an opportunity for the development of the country’s economy, has great potential here. The purpose of this work is to show the relevance and expediency of using cogeneration at heat sources of the republic. The usual (traditional) method of generating electricity and heat is to generate them separately (power plant and boiler house). At the same time, a significant part of the energy of the primary fuel is not used. It is possible to significantly reduce the total fuel consumption by using cogeneration. Cogeneration is the combined production of heat and electricity from a heat source. Cogeneration is a wide range of technologies that can be applied in various fields of economic activity. The cogeneration plant fits perfectly into the electrical circuit, both for individual consumers and for any number of consumers through state power grids. These units are compact, environmentally friendly and cover the deficit of generating capacity in large cities. Such installations make it possible to unload electrical networks and ensure stable power quality. Cogeneration plants (CHP) are essentially mini-heat power station, which have been successfully used all over the world for a long time.
To evaluate the operational status of the transformer load using a feed-forward neural network for analysis
Authors: Khojayorov Fazliddin , Saidkhodjaev Anvar
Published: December 2023

The results of the first transformer load obtained using the FNN neural network in Fig. 5 determined on the basis of the algorithm described in Fig. 4 show that if the dynamics of transformer loads continue at this rate, after 8 years the minimum loads will increase from 0.8 and after 12 years begins to work in the danger zone completely. Taking into account that the coefficient of wear of transformers and the occurrence of minimum loads is equal to 20% according to Fig.1, it can be said that this situation is in a very serious situation. And the maximum value of the load has already reached its maximum point. In this case, it is suggested that the issue of load redistribution in this Kibray 35/6 substation and its distribution networks should be seriously considered or a new transformer should be installed and appropriate switching devices should be selected.
Development of the theory of complexly closed city electrical networks
Authors: Saidkhodjaev Anvar , Khojayorov Fazliddin
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issues of optimization and selection of the most rational scheme of a complex electrical network for the power supply of a microdistrict. And this requires the development of a more accurate definition of the calculated electrical loads of consumers, as well as the total loads of TP, RP, GRP, standard daily schedules, specific standards for calculating electrical loads, new building codes and regulations to replace the old KMK 2.04.17-98, determination of the most advantageous power and number of transformer substations, calculation of systems of complex power supply circuits using various methods, new technologies and digital automatic relay protection of urban power supply systems, use of reverse power automatic machines, contactless elements in power supply systems.
Energy efficiency of energy-intensive productions and technologies
Authors: Jalilova Dinora , Najimova Aysulu , Khalikova Khurshida , Akbarova Shoxida
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issues of energy efficiency of energy-intensive industries and technologies using the example of electrothermal processes (high-temperature technologies), smelting and high-temperature heating and electric welding production. Recommendations for efficient use of electricity are provided for all industries. A list of improvements in electric welding technology and electric furnaces is also given. The advantages and disadvantages of energy-intensive industries and technologies are also given.
Web computer model of optimal control of the fish production process in the correctional facilities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsarkova Evgenia , Radchenko and Elena
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with the problems of ensuring the food security of correctional facilities through the development of fish farms in the correctional system of the Russian Federation. The rational use of fish stocks in inland waters and increasing their productivity is one of the most important and urgent fisheries problems, the complexity and versatility of which require a systematic approach and the use of program methods to solve it. The paper proposes a statement of the problem of fish catching control in the form of an optimal control problem, for the solution of which a numerical optimization method implemented in the software is used. The results of the software tool operation for various values of input parameters are given. The developed software tool can be used to provide decision support in the production of fish products.
Comparative characteristics of correlations between goat and sheep milk components
Authors: Selionova Marina , Gladkikh Marianna , Zharkova Ekaterina , Evlagina Daria , Belomestnov Konstatin
Published: December 2023

The study determines the reliability, direction and strength of the relationship between the main components of the milk of Lacon sheep (n=96) and Saanen goats (n=134). It was found that the nature and direction of the relationship between MFF and other components of milk in goats and sheep were similar. Between MFF and TTP, casein, the content of fatty acids, both saturated (SFA, LCFA, STsFA) and unsaturated (MUFA, PUFA, SCFA), an average and high positive relationship was revealed. At the same time, it was more pronounced in sheep milk (r = 0.41 ... 0.97) than in goat milk (r = 0.38 ... 0.84). For goat and sheep milk, a high positive (r = 0.95 and 0.99), i.e. functional, relationship between the content of casein and TTP was revealed. No relationship has been established between the number of somatic cells (CSC) and other components in sheep milk and goat milk. Also, there was no relationship between the differential number of somatic cells (DKSK) and other indicators, with the exception of the number of somatic cells and lactose content, as in the milk of sheep and goats. The study was carried out within the framework of the complex project “Scientific and technological frontiers” of the strategic academic leadership program “Priority 2030” on the topic “Biotechnological methods of reproduction and genomic technologies in the selection of farm animals and the conservation of the gene pool of small in number breeds”.
The use of chitosan in the composition of feed “BeeHit” for honey bees
Authors: Frolova Marina , Albulov Alexey , Kovaleva Elana , Eliseev Anatoly , Gryn Andrey , Varlamov Valery , Matveeva Irina , Eremets Vladimir , Frolov Yuri
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, chitosan-based biostimulants and their derivatives are being increasingly utilized in veterinary medicine. These substances possess numerous advantageous properties that make them suitable for application in beekeeping. Chitosan and its modified forms are of natural origin and non-toxic, exhibiting immunomodulating properties and antimicrobial activity. They also have the ability to enhance resistance and eliminate heavy metals and toxins from bees' bodies. Chitosan is derived from chitin, a natural component found in the exoskeleton of bees. When acted upon by enzymes like chitinase and chitobiase, chitin and chitosan break down into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This characteristic renders chitosan completely biodegradable, ensuring it does not contribute to environmental pollution as it degrades into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Moreover, chitosan boosts bees' resilience against adverse environmental factors and various pathogens. Being naturally biocompatible and biodegradable, chitosan and its derivatives exhibit significant antibacterial, sorbent, fungicidal, and antiviral properties. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of incorporating chitosan into the composition of “BeeHit” bee feed.
Association of polymorphic variants of the mstn gene with live weight in kalmyk curled sheep and their crosses
Authors: Selionova Marina , Yuldashev Yusupzhan , Belaya Elena , Chylbak-Ool Salbak , Pakhomova Elena
Published: December 2023

The article provides a rationale for the feasibility of genetic marking of productivity at an early age. The phenotypic effect of genotypes of the polymorphic myostatin gene on live weight was studied in sheep of the Kalmyk curly breed and their crossbreeds with the Charollais and Dorper breeds. To achieve this, the following tasks were addressed: genotyping and recording of performance indicators of animals of the Kalmyk curly breed (KC), Charollais (C), Dorper-Kalmyk crossbred ewes (½D×½KC), purebred and crossbred young animals; determination of the influence of MSTN gene genotypes on live weight and average daily gain. The research subjects were KC breeding rams (n=6), C breeding rams (n=2), KC ewes (n=40); ½D×½KC crossbred ewes (n=40). The number and gender distribution of the offspring obtained were as follows: KC (n=26); ½C×½KC (n=32), ½C×¼D×¼KC (n=50). DNA extraction was performed from whole blood of the sheep. Animal genotyping was conducted using the PCR-RFLP method. A 337 bp exon 3 fragments of the MSTN gene was amplified using primers, and the results were analyzed using HRM analysis technology. It was found that among KC breeding rams, carriers of the M allele were more frequently identified, while among C breeding rams, carriers of the N allele were predominant, and among purebred and crossbred ewes, the prevalence of the M allele carriers was observed. Among purebred KC young animals and ½C×¼D×¼KC crossbreeds, carriers of the N allele predominated, whereas among ½C×½KC crossbreeds, carriers of the M allele were predominant. Population genetic analysis revealed a significant redistribution in favor of an increase in the frequency of the heterozygous MN genotype among the three-breed ½C×¼D×¼KC young animals, while among the two-breed ½C×½KC, the NN genotype was prevalent.
Using internet of things technologies to optimize agriculture and increase productivity
Authors: Mentsiev Adam , Aygumov Timur , Abdurashidov Shamil
Published: December 2023

The review presented in this article is devoted to the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in agriculture and its impact on the productivity and sustainability of this industry. During the study, comprehensive analyses were carried out, including monitoring of climatic conditions, soil conditions, and animal activity, using IoT sensor networks. The results showed that the introduction of IoT in agriculture significantly improves resource management, which leads to increased productivity and reduced costs. However, the study also identified challenges such as data cybersecurity and the need for staff training to work with IoT systems. Despite these challenges, the use of IoT is a promising solution for agriculture, in a changing climate and growing demand for products. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that IoT has the potential to transform agriculture, making it more sustainable, efficient and environmentally sustainable.
Pharmacopeial plants in flora of Zabaikalsky Kray
Authors: Popova Оlga , Tkachuk Тatyana , Chashchina Natalya , Laevskaya Мaria , Leskov Аrtem , Nikiforova Yulia
Published: December 2023

The work represents a preliminary stage of resource research for the Daurian part of Zabaikalsky kray. The XIV edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (2018) includes 102 species of medicinal plants, of which 30 species are found in Zabaikalsky kray. Using the method of tentative estimation of the stocks of medicinal raw materials, we preliminarily divided pharmacopeial species into three groups. Raw materials of ten species can be harvested for the needs of the regional pharmacy network, eight species can be used for personal needs of the local population and only five widespread species (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Padus avium, Vacciniumvitis-idaea, Ledum palustre) can be a resource for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation. The remaining species Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carum carvi, Dryopteris filix-mas have single localities, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Rhodiola rosea, Convallaria keiskei included in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory (2017). Harvesting of these species is prohibited. It has been established that 15 species of medicinal plants are the most promising in terms of resource studies, and Dauria Yablonovaya and Dauria Argunskaya are the most promising territories for resource studies due to the greatest species diversity of pharmacopoeial medicinal plants in them.
A method of yield monitoring based on neural networks using deep learning
Authors: Gapon Nikolay , Azhinov Alexander , Zhdanova Marina , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Odabashyan Mary , Vershinina Anna , Marchenko Sergey
Published: December 2023

Estimation of crop area is an important task in agriculture and can be used to provide accurate information on many issues such as crop yield estimation, food policy development, adjustment of planting patterns, which is of great importance for national food security. This article discusses yield monitoring based on the image segmentation method based on the work of neural networks using deep learning. For this purpose, a neural network based on the U-net architecture was selected and trained, and an algorithm was created for subsequent analysis of processed images.
Phase sensitivity of perennial dicotyledonous weed species to Flex herbicide
Authors: Morokhovets Vadim , Morokhovets Tamara , Markova Elena , Basai Zoya , Vostrikova Svetlana , Skorik Nina
Published: December 2023

Phase sensitivity to Flex herbicide, BP (active ingredient fomesafen 250 g/l) of seven perennial weed species common in soybean crops in the south of the Far East was studied in 2022-2023 under vegetation house conditions: bristly thistle Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bieb., perennial sowthistle Sonchus arvensis L., corn mint Mentha arvensis L., common mugwort Artemisia vulgaris L., rough hedge nettle Stachys aspera Michx., curly dock Rumex crispus L. and rough potato Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino. The herbicide treatment of weeds was carried out in three terms in different stages of their growth and development. The preparation was applied in six rates of consumption - 0.75; 1.0; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.8 and 2.0 litres/ha. The degree of herbicidal effect of Flex was assessed by the decrease in height and weight of above-ground organs of experimental plants in comparison with the control (without treatment). It was found that Flex completely destroys plants of all species studied at the early stages of growth and development (2...5 leaves). When treating weeds in subsequent phases (4...10 leaves), the drug retains very good to good effectiveness against corn mint, bristly thistle, rough potato, and rough hedge nettle. The activity of the herbicide is significantly reduced when it is applied to overgrown weeds. Only corn mint retains high sensitivity to fomesafen after treatment.
Theoretical preconditions for the development of mathematical models of the technology of desert plant drying
Authors: Kushimov B.A. , Karimov K.A. , Akhmedov A.X. , Mamadaliev Kh.Zh.
Published: December 2023

The formulation of stationary and non-stationary problems for drying dispersed materials is substantiated in the article. A mathematical model and its analytical solutions are developed to determine the patterns of the interdependence of temperature and moisture content. A mathematical model of the process of drying a dispersed material is based on the energy conservation law under heat and mass transfer in a multiphase medium.
Study of qualitative composition and quality indicators of black thorn (Prúnus spinósa L.) leaves
Authors: Nazarychev А.А. , Nesterova N.V. , Sanin I.V. , Nesterov G.V. , Kondrashev S.
Published: December 2023

In recent years, researchers have been interested in new types of plant raw materials that are not pharmacopoeial to date. Such raw materials are leaves of black thorn, a plant widely distributed in the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as easily cultivated. Due to the lack of regulatory documentation, the purpose of this study was to conduct a set of qualitative reactions to confirm the proposed groups of biologically active substances, as well as to determine the quality indicators of black thorn leaves as a step in the standardisation of this type of raw material. In the course of qualitative reactions the presence of such groups of biologically active substances as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and polysaccharides was confirmed in the leaves of black thorn (Prúnus spinósa). The composition of the flavonoid fraction was analysed by the method of HELC; the presence of such substances as rutin, hyperoside, vitexin, astragalin, and quercetin in raw materials was established. Numerical indices were determined according to GF XIV methods, The content of phenolic compounds was also confirmed by the Folin-Cicalteu method.
Research on the selection of barley (Hordeum vulgare) for irrigated lands of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Gaybullaev Gulom , Tuygunov Rasul , Lukova Iroda , Absaitova Shoxsanam
Published: December 2023

In this article, 200 samples of barley varieties were studied on the irrigated lands of the Samarkand region, their comprehensive assessment was carried out and samples of high yield, productive, early ripening, resistance to dormancy, adverse environmental factors, and diseases were selected. Key words: Barley, variety, collection hybrid, disease, line, pattern, resistance, generation, selection, productivity, crossbreeding.
Restoration of Western Siberia meadow vegetation after fires according to Sentinel-2 data
Authors: Karpachevskiy Andrey , Tikhonov Dmitriy , Koroleva Tatiana
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the dynamics of restoration of plant communities of meadows in the south of Western Siberia according to Sentinel data-2. Four subjects of the Russian Federation and nine specially protected natural territories within them were taken. Sentinel-2 data is characterized by a repetition of the survey once every five days and a spatial resolution of 10-20 m, which allows you to track the moment of the fire with high accuracy and record the state of vegetation before and after it. For quantitative evaluation, we used NDVI and NBR2 indices, which were compared for burnt and unburned areas before the fire, immediately after the fire, one year after the fire and two years after the fire. As a result of statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney test, it was found out that both indices practically do not show the consequences of meadow fires in any way a year after the fire.
Thermoelectric properties of granular Mg3Sb2 particles
Authors: Omonboev Lutfiddin Fazliddin o’gli , Tishabayevich Abdugafur Mamadalimov
Published: December 2023

This article presents the results obtained in the study of thermoelectric properties of granulated Mg3Sb2 particles. The results of the study show that the thermoelectric properties of granulated Mg3Sb2 particles mainly depend on the physical processes occurring in the interparticle boundary areas. As the temperature increases, the localized traps in the interparticle boundary areas are ionized, and the capture of charge carriers in them leads to a decrease in electrical conductivity (σ). The Seebeck coefficient (α) increases as the temperature difference occurs due to the potential difference and phonon absorption. Also, impurity thermal-voltaic effects appear with the formation of electron-hole pairs in impurity states with an energy level of Ein in the interparticle boundary regions. As a result, the total λ increases at the same time as the thermal conductivity of the two adjacent areas. The convergence of electrical conductivity and potential difference leads to a relatively stable change of λ. These processes lead to a change in the ZT index from ~0.021 to ~1.3 at T=300-700 K.
Environmental characteristics of thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues
Authors: Demin Alexey , Demina Galina , Shakurov Rim
Published: December 2023

The main purpose of this study was to find optimal methods and conditions for the processing of plant biomass in regard to the energy parameters of the obtained combustible gases as well as to determine environmental indicators during the subsequent combustion of these gases. In the numerical assessment of biomass processing, a non-stoichiometric model was used. It was assumed that a chemically reacting multicomponent mixture is in a state of thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium. This state of the mixture corresponds to the minimum value of the isobaric-isothermal potential. Pyrolysis processes had low efficiency of the thermochemical conversion of biomass processing into a mixture of combustible gases. These processes are of practical importance in obtaining such target products, as tar, biocoal and ash. In addition to pyrolysis, two types of biomass gasification were studied: (A) gasification with internal heating of the reaction volume due to partial biomass combustion; and (B) gasification with the supply of water vapor and external heating of the reaction volume due to the combustion of a part of the generated gas. The energy and environmental characteristics of the synthetic gas obtained through the steam gasification (B) were significantly better than those of the gas obtained through the gasification type (A).
Methodology for using forsight technology in training future ecologists in Uzbekistan
Authors: Rakhimov Oktyabr , Rakhimova Dilrabo , Ashurova Laylo , Khujakulov Abdulaziz
Published: December 2023

Foresight is one of the most modern technologies of environmental forecasting, and it is a relatively new technology in the conditions of Uzbekistan. In developed countries, eco-foresight is widely used in predicting the consequences of environmental problems and crises, but the theory, practice, and methodology of its use in the educational process have not been fully developed. Foresight studies and projects implemented by the authors in the international education system were analyzed. In the process of training future ecologists, the methodology of using foresight technology in the teaching of specialized subjects has been developed. According to this methodology, the use of the forosite in training sessions is divided into 3 blocks: preparation for training, organization of lectures and practical exercises using the foresite technology, and blocks of independent education. The development of “Eco-foresight competence” in future managers is based on the implementation of training sessions using foresight methods, the author's definition of foresight competence and competence is given
Environmental safety regulation in Russia
Authors: Gerasimenko Alexey
Published: December 2023

Legal regulation of environmental protection in Russia is established, first, by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. In accordance with Article 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, all citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and to compensation for damage caused to their health or property by environmental violations. These rights occupy a central place in the system of environmental rights of citizens. We can say that these rights are the rights of citizens in the narrow sense of the word.In the process of carrying out economic activities, the user of natural resources causes increasing damage to the environment and its individual natural components, therefore it is very important to compensate and restore the damage caused to the environment.
Modified Method for the Evaluation of Resistance to Fusarium Blight in White Mustard (Sinapis Alba L.), Black Mustard (Brassica Nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch) and Spring False Flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz)
Authors: Serdyuk Oksana , Trubina Victoria , Gorlova Lyudmila
Published: December 2023

Fusarium blight, caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium Link, is one of the damaging diseases of white mustard, black mustard and spring false flax. In the development of new varieties of these crops, it is necessary to carry out an annual evaluation of the varieties’ resistance to the disease. In order to improve the breeding process, it is necessary to carry out a laboratory evaluation in addition to the field evaluation of the resistance of samples to Fusarium blight. The existing method of evaluation is labor-intensive and time-consuming, so we carried out research to modify this method. As a result of the research, a 5-point scale was developed for Fusarium blight affection of seedlings of the studied crops when infected with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Synd. et Hans. We found that the evaluation of breeding material of black mustard is reliable when exposed for 5 hours and recorded on the day of the experiment. The evaluation of breeding material of white mustard and spring false flax is also objective at the exposure time of 5 hours, but with the recording of seedling affection by the disease 1 day after the end of the exposure time of the experiment.
Ecological organization of grain production based on an innovative approach
Authors: Sokolova Irina , Pisareva Angelika
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of an innovative type of development based on environmental component is confirmed by the presence in the Strategy and Concept of Sustainable Development of Russia, the Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, the National Assessment of the progress of the Russian Federation in the transition to sustainable development. However, in Russia there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the role of innovation in solving environmental problems, and the system of innovation policy measures noticeably lags behind developed countries, and even some developing countries. Currently, the situation with solving environmental problems based on an innovative approach in Russia remains extremely acute. The modern innovative orientation of the world development makes it necessary to revise the content of the strategy in Russia in order not to lose its place in the world and take a more significant position there. Intensive development of grain production in the first half of the twentieth century became an objective condition for the transition of most grain-producing countries to innovative and progressive management schemes. The formed vector of ecological production based on an innovative approach in the organization of grain farming has provided significant results.
Conceptual approach to the development of accounting and information support for managing the sustainable development of economic entities in the agro-industrial complex based on the ESG strategy
Authors: Velikanov Alexander , Egorova Ekaterina , Balashova Natalia , Melikhov Victor , Chekrygina Tatyana
Published: December 2023

Managing the sustainable development of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of an ESG strategy, which provides for transparency in management, concern for the environment and people, necessitates the development of its accounting and information support, which is problematic due to the narrowness of the methodological, subject-object and instrumental basis of the traditional accounting system. The purpose and result of the study was the development of a new conceptual vision of a management accounting and information system, based on advanced management technologies, solving the problems of the content of ESG reporting and the quality of accounting and information support.