bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ta’thīr al-ḥarakah al-salafīyah bi Miṣr ‘alà al-mujaddidīn bi Indūnīsiyā fī taṭwīr al-tarbīyah al-Islāmīyah
Authors: Zarkasyi Amal Fathullah
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the influence of Salafiyah movement in Egypt on the Indonesian Muslim reformers in developing Islamic education. Salafiyah movement in Egypt led by Jamaluddin al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rasyid Rida has affected many Muslim activists in Indonesia. The entry of this movement to Indonesia was through the Indonesian students who returned from their study in Egypt. This Influence can be traced to the development and modernization of Islamic education in Sumatra such as the establishment of Madrasah Tawalib, Islamic University of Sungayang, Madrasah of Normal Islam, Madrasah Diniyah. From Sumatra, it spreads to Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan, marked by the establishment of schools by Muhammadiyah organization, Persis, Al Irsyad and Darussalam Islamic boarding school Gontor, Madrasah As’adiyah in Sulawesi, Jami’ah Islamiyah Sultaniyah and Normal Islam in Kalimantan. From those Islamic educational institutions, Islamic universities were born in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i2.389
Celebrating Islam and Multiculturalism in New Zealand
Authors: Ropi Ismatu
Published: May 2014

Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta in collaboration with the Embassy of New Zealand in Jakarta, the Asia New Zealand Foundation and the International Office of UIN Jakarta on 20 to 24 May 2013 held a photographic exhibition documenting the stories of Asian Muslims in the Kiwi Island, and a half-day discussion of a book by Adrienne Jansen and Ans Westra entitled “The Crescent Moon: The Asian Face of Islam in New Zealand”.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i2.392
Huastec Shell Objects in the Templo Mayor Offerings of Tenochtitlan
Authors: Velázquez-Castro Adrián
Published: May 2014

The Huastec region was conquered by the Aztec Empire during the reign of Moctezuma I (1440-1469), nevertheless no objects from this important place have been found for sure in the offerings of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan until now. In this paper the Huastec affiliation of some Tenochca shell objects is discussed based on its comparison with pieces found in the Huastec region, from the stylistic and technological perspective. For the technological study of the objects experimental archaeology and SEM analyses are used.
Technological Analysis of the Calcite Beads from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan
Authors: Melgar Tísoc Emiliano R. , Ruvalcaba José Luis
Published: May 2014

In the Great Temple at Tenochtitlan, the archaeologists found more than 150 offerings with thousands of pieces, most of them made on foreign raw materials to the Basin of Mexico. Among these votive contexts, the Chamber III of stage IVa (AD 1440-1469), buried during the government of Moctezuma I, is one of the most richness offerings of the temple. Inside this context, the quantity of greenstone beads is huge, and among them, there is a group of translucent appearance that resembles the green calcite objects from the Huastec region. The purpose of this research is to confirm or discard this probable cultural origin and technological manufacture of these beads. To do that, we perform different analysis with neither non-destructive nor invasive techniques like X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, Optic Microscopy (OM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). By this way we could confirm the similarities among Huastec pieces and these beads, both at mineralogical and technological levels. Based on that, and supported with some written sources from the Colonial period, we propose that these pieces could be war prizes and looted objects by pillage during the Aztec campaigns against Huastec sites; furthermore some of these goods were deposited as victory´s gifts to the gods at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan.
Nanoscience of Metal Silicate-Based Pigments
Authors: Salguero Tina T. , Johnson-McDaniel Darrah , Barrett Christopher A. , Sharafi Asma , Weimar Richard , Blevins Terra
Published: May 2014

The colored component of several important ancient pigments, including Egyptian blue and Han blue, are based on alkali earth copper tetrasilicate materials. In recent work, we have found that these layered materials can be chemically exfoliated into their constituent monolayers to provide alkali earth copper tetrasilicate nanosheets—defined by nanometer thickness and lateral dimensions that are on the order of several microns. The facile exfoliation of these materials into nanosheets is especially surprising in view of their long history on artifacts under a variety of environmental conditions, and we have examined the issue of whether archaeological samples are affected by this exfoliation mechanism. We have characterized the properties of these nanosheets by an array of analytical techniques, including powder x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence measurements, and Raman spectroscopy. In all cases, we observe differences between nanosheet and bulk samples that originate from the loss of coupling between layers when going from three-dimensional to two- dimensional structures. Both CaCuSi4O10 nanosheets (derived from Egyptian blue) and BaCuSi4O10 nanosheets (derived from Han blue) have strong near-infrared luminescence properties like their bulk counterparts, yet they are amenable to modern solution processing methods. We have demonstrated ink jet printing with CaCuSi4O10 nanosheet inks, as well as the fabrication of nanosheet-based papers. Potential applications for these materials include NIR-based biomedical imaging and security inks.
Introduction to SWIFT (Sweep Imaging with Fourier Transformation) for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Materials
Authors: Corum Curt , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Moeller Steen , Park Jang-Yeon , Garwood Michael
Published: May 2014

A novel, fast, and quiet method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), called SWIFT (sweep imaging with Fourier transformation) has recently been introduced. In addition to SWIFT's potential for in-vivo MRI, it creates new opportunities for MRI of materials. SWIFT currently operates in 3d radial acquisition mode. A series of segmented hyperbolic secant excitation pulses is accompanied by acquisition in the gaps. Each excitation, after correlation with the pulse results in a free induction decay (FID). The spectrum corresponding to the FID is a projection. There is very little “dead time” between excitation and acquisition, making SWIFT useful for imaging of short T2 materials, but in total imaging times comparable to fast gradient echo sequences.
‘I'm an expert in me and I know what I can cope with’: Patient expertise in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sanderson Tessa , Angouri Jo
Published: May 2014

The active involvement of patients in decision-making and the focus on patient expertise in managing chronic illness constitutes a priority in many healthcare systems including the NHS in the UK. With easier access to health information, patients are almost expected to be (or present self) as an ‘expert patient’ (Ziebland 2004). This paper draws on the meta-analysis of interview data collected for identifying treatment outcomes important to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Taking a discourse approach to identity, the discussion focuses on the resources used in the negotiation and co-construction of expert identities, including domain-specific knowledge, access to institutional resources, and ability to self-manage. The analysis shows that expertise is both projected (institutionally sanctioned) and claimed by the patient (self-defined). We close the paper by highlighting the limitations of our pilot study and suggest avenues for further research.
Hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis and alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase in rat livers
Authors: Abreu Isabel Cristina Mallosto Emerich de , Guerra Joyce Ferreira da Costa , Pereira Renata Rebeca , Silva Maísa , Lima Wanderson Geraldo de , Silva Marcelo Eustáquio , Pedrosa Maria Lúcia
Published: May 2014

Objective : This study aimed to determine whether a hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis, alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and antioxidant defenses.Materials and methods : Fischer rats were divided into two groups of eight animals according to the treatment, control (C) and hypercholesterolemic diet (H). Those in group C were fed a standard diet (AIN-93M), and those of the group H were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol).Results : The hypercholesterolemic diet did not affect body weight, but resulted in the accumulation of lipids in the liver, increased serum activities of aminotransferases and cholesterol levels. Biomarker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox were increased in the liver of animals in group H. Besides, the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were altered.Conclusion : The results show increased mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):251-9
Exercise is associated with better quality of life in patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Vigário Patrícia dos Santos , Chachamovitz Dhiãnah Santini de Oliveira , Teixeira Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos , Rocque Maíra de La , Santos Maryna Lobo dos , Vaisman Mário
Published: May 2014

Objective : To evaluate if a supervised exercise training program improves the quality of life (QoL) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine (L-T4).Subjects and methods : Initially, a cross-sectional study was performed to compare the QoL and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) patients (n = 33) and euthyroid subjects (EU; n = 49). In the prospective phase of the study, SCH patients were randomized in a non-blinded fashion to either participate (SCH-Tr = trained patients; n = 16) or not (SCH-Sed = untrained patients; n = 17) in a supervised exercise training program. The exercise program consisted of 60 minutes of aerobic and stretching exercises, twice a week, during twelve weeks. The QoL was assessed by the application of the WHOQOL-Bref, and the SF-36 was used to assess the HRQoL.Results : SCH patients had statistically lower scores than EU on the “physical” domain of WHOQOL-Bref, besides “physical function”, “role-physical”, “bodily pain”, “general health”, “vitality”, “role-emotional”, and “mental-health” domains of SF-36. After three months, SCH-Tr patients showed improvement in the “physical” and “psychological” domains of WHOQOL-Bref (p < 0.05), and in the “physical function”, “role-physical”, “bodily pain”, “vitality” and “mental health” domains of SF-36.Conclusion : Patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with L-T4 for DTC had impaired QoL and HRQoL compared to EU, but it was improved after 3-months of an exercise training program. Exercise seems to play an important role in the follow-up of DTC patients, since it seems to minimize the adverse effects of the treatment on QoL and HRQoL. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):274-81
Social skills of adolescents: convergent validity between IHSA-Del-Prette and MESSY
Authors: Del Prette Zilda Aparecida Pereira , Teodoro Maycoln , Del Prette Almir
Published: May 2014

This research investigates the evidence demonstrating the reliability and convergent validity between the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents and the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters in two groups: the first with 136 adolescents from a public school (89 females and 47 males, with ages ranging from 12 to 17 years, 13.98 ± 1.24 years); the second with 24 adolescents from a socio-educational program (ages ranging from 13 to 17 years, 15.64 ± 1.18 years). The results showed low and moderate correlations between some subscales of both instruments (Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters and Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents), evidencing convergent validity between the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents scores and the social skills/assertiveness" subscale of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters. Comparisons between the groups indicated that the second sample had less difficulty in Civility (Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents) than the first sample (public school adolescents).
Espiritualidade na formação acadêmica em psicologia no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Cavalheiro Carla Maria Frezza , Falcke Denise
Published: May 2014

Embora estudos científicos recentes comprovem correlação positiva entre espiritualidade e saúde, outros apontam a espiritualidade do psicólogo como menor que a da população em geral. Visando analisar a espiritualidade de acadêmicos de psicologia, foram investigados 1.064 estudantes (672 calouros e 392 formandos) de todas as universidades gaúchas com formandos em 2009. Foram aplicados questionário biossociodemográfico, questionário sobre valores e aspectos espirituais e religiosos, Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual e Subescala de espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais do World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-100. Os resultados revelaram que formandos apresentam índices significativamente menores de Bem-Estar Espiritual (t = 3,769; p < 0,001). Eles também referem acreditar significativamente menos em Deus, força superior e/ou energia (χ² = 10,03; p < 0,001). Além disso, a importância da espiritualidade na clínica psicológica e no enfrentamento de situações cotidianas também é menor para os formandos (p < 0,001). Esses dados indicam que provavelmente o curso de psicologia contribua para o declínio da espiritualidade, o que revela a necessidade de reavaliação sobre como a espiritualidade está sendo abordada na graduação.
Aprendendo com o insucesso: um estudo de caso de aplicação da resolução criativa de problemas ao projeto educativo
Authors: Sousa Fernando Cardoso de , Bica José Manuel Brito Pires , Monteiro Ileana Pardal
Published: May 2014

O Projeto Educativo, como instrumento fundamental para a autonomia das escolas, em Portugal, deve aglutinar as principais expectativas da comunidade escolar, implicando rigor na metodologia de investigação, utilizada para sua elaboração, e na implementação da mudança requerida. O presente artigo relata a forma como foi possível obter esses aspectos, numa escola secundária, ao longo de mais de um ano, por meio do uso do método de Resolução Criativa de Problemas, que envolveu toda a comunidade escolar. Conforme o planeamento definido, a elaboração do Projeto Educativo seguiu os passos de um trabalho de investigação e resultou num documento estratégico e operacional, sujeito, posteriormente, a várias tentativas de implementação que, no entanto, tiveram apenas sucesso relativo. A discussão das condições necessárias para que o documento final possa servir de base à implementação das políticas e ações definidas, o que simplificaria todo o esquema de funcionamento escolar, sob um prisma de gestão efetiva das organizações, é aqui iniciada e sugerida para futuras investigações.
Eight-point binding as a physical therapeutic resource for rehabilitation of functional performance after a stroke
Authors: Silva Soraia Micaela , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Salvador Rosane Mariano Marques , Martinez Talita Santiago , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida
Published: May 2014

A stroke may leave neurological, motor and sensory sequelae, interfering with the function of movements and culminating in gait and balance changes. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of eight-point binding, a low-cost technique that functions to provide proprioceptive information and promote the biomechanical alignment of the ankle, acting against mechanisms that lead to equinovarus foot. This study aims to determine the immediate effect of eight-point binding as a physical therapy resource for the rehabilitation of function performance after a stroke. To this end, 22 patients who were able to walk alone without an orthosis were evaluated, and performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) functional mobility test, a gait speed assessment and the Berg Balance Scale, with and without the eight-point binding in the paretic lower limb. When comparing the results after the eight-point binding, it was possible to observe a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in all of the studied variables. After analyzing the results, it was concluded that after a single application of eight-point binding, it is possible to identify statistically significant improvement in gait speed, functional mobility and balance after a stroke.
Inclusion of children with cerebral palsy in basic education
Authors: Rézio Geovana Sôffa , Formiga Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto
Published: May 2014

The aim of the study was to analyze the inclusion of children with cerebral palsy in elementary schools. The sample consisted of 31 children between 1 and 11 years old, with a mean of 5 years and 2 months, coming from 2 rehabilitation centers and their leaders and teachers. As for functionality, 71% are Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I, 51.6% are diplegic and 58.1% had cerebral palsy during the prenatal stage. Regarding economic classification, 54.8% of the families were in class C. A neurological evaluation form was applied. A gross motor evaluation using the GMFCS; a socioeconomic assessment using the Brazilian Criteria for Economic Classification and the School Function Assessment were done. The results revealed that these children perform their activities in all aspects of the school participation, although they require constant supervision, moderate assistance and minimal adaptation. These results may be useful to better adapt the school environment, for a better targeting of assistance provided and to plan clinical interventions with these children.
Effects of adding load to the gait of children with cerebral palsy: a three-case report
Authors: Simão Camila Rocha , Galvão Élida Rayanne Viana Pinheiro , Fonseca Débora Oliveira da Silveira , Bezerra Dayse Aleixo , Andrade Amanda Capistrano de , Lindquist Ana Raquel Rodrigues
Published: May 2014

Our purpose in this study was to analyze the immediate effects of locomotor gait training with different loads on a treadmill on the kinematic parameters of gait in children with Spastic Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (SHCP), as well as investigating which load prompted the most adequate motor responses to promote the propulsion of the Paretic Lower Limb (PLL). This case report included 3 children of both sexes, aged 8-12 years. The children walked on the treadmill with loads on their ankles that corresponded to 40, 50 and 60% of the weight of the Lower Limb (LL), on 3 different non-consecutive days. The kinematic parameters were assessed during the pre-training phase (PTPH) and immediately after training (PHI). The spatiotemporal variables did not change immediately after gait training with the aforementioned loads. On the other hand, we observed wider joint angles in the hip and knee during the swing phase immediately after training, especially with a load of 60% of the weight of the lower limb. These findings indicate that the 60% load is the most appropriate to prompt immediate changes in the joint kinematics of the PLL. These alterations can be important in improving propulsion during the swing phase of gait in children with SHCP.
Rola-bostas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) de florestas e pastagens no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira: Levantamento de espécies e guildas alimentares
Authors: Silva Ricardo J. , Coletti Fabricio , Costa Diogo A. , Vaz-De-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: May 2014

Os besouros rola-bostas são insetos copro-necrófagos e utilizam primariamente fezes e carcaça de mamíferos como fonte de alimento e nidificação. Estes insetos são sensíveis à modificação do habitat principalmente relacionados à cobertura da vegetação. A substituição da floresta Amazônica por pastagem altera drasticamente o habitat das espécies nativas e acarreta redução da riqueza de espécies e modificação na composição das assembleias locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os efeitos da substituição da floresta nativa por pastagem introduzida na riqueza, abundância, composição de espécies e estrutura das guildas alimentares dos besouros rola-bostas no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira. Foram coletados 10.073 indivíduos de besouros rola-bostas pertencentes a 84 espécies e 22 gêneros. As florestas (seis fragmentos de floresta secundária) apresentaram 71 espécies em sua maioria com abundância intermediária. As pastagens (áreas vizinhas onde a floresta original foi substituída por pastagens introduzidas) apresentaram redução significativa no número de espécies, e composição de espécies diferente. Nas florestas a maioria das espécies foi considerada generalista, enquanto as pastagens apresentaram maior abundância de espécies coprófagas o que demonstra uma modificação na guilda alimentar causado pela substituição da floresta por pastagem. Entre as 30 espécies coletadas nas pastagens, doze estão presentes em vegetação aberta nativa (cerrado e chaco). Isto retrata, provavelmente, um processo de colonização regional recente. Onde espécies de besouros rola-bostas, oriundas de áreas abertas, estão invadindo as pastagens amazônicas.
Anatomical and energy characteristics of charcoal made from five species
Authors: Nisgoski Silvana , Magalhães Washington Luis Esteves , Batista Francielli Rodrigues Ribeiro , França Ramiro Faria , Muñiz Graciela Inés Bolzon de
Published: May 2014

Charcoal is an important energy raw material and its properties are influenced by the wood's anatomical and chemical composition and the production process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics, calorific power and volatiles and ash content of carbonized wood from Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense and Schefflera morototoni. The calorific power varied from 26,878 to 31,117 kJ kg-1; the content of volatile materials ranged from 20.9 to 31.7%; ash content ranged from 0.1 to 3.8%; and carbon content varied from 68.2 to 75.3%. Anatomical structures of charcoal can be used for species identification. The studied species are not indicated for charcoal production because the levels of ash and volatile compounds are higher than those recommended for charcoal produced for household use. In addition, the calorific power and level of carbon content are insufficient for use in the steel industry.
Relation between oral health and socioeconomic variables among schoolchildren aged 12 in the City of Manaus - AM
Authors: Régis-Aranha Lauramaris de Arruda , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Oliveira Nícia Marques de Almeida , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Mialhe Fábio Luiz
Published: May 2014

Studies have shown that the age of 12 was determined as the age of global monitoring of caries for international comparisons and monitoring of disease trends. The aimed was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, fluorosis and periodontal condition and their relation with socioeconomic factors among schoolchildren aged twelve in the city of Manaus, AM. This study with a probabilistic sample of 661 children was conducted, 609 from public and 52 from private schools, in 2008. Dental caries, periodontal condition and dental fluorosis were evaluated. In order to obtain the socioeconomic classification of each child (high, upper middle, middle, lower middle, low and lower low socioeconomic classes), the guardians were given a questionnaire. The mean decayed teeth, missing teeth, and filled teeth (DMFT) found at age twelve was 1.89. It was observed that the presence of dental calculus was the most severe periodontal condition detected in 39.48%. In relation to dental fluorosis, there was a low prevalence in the children examined, i.e., the more pronounced lines of opacity only occasionally merge, forming small white areas. The study showed a significant association of 5% among social class with dental caries and periodontal condition. In schoolchildren of Manaus there are low mean of DMFT and fluorosis, but a high occurrence of gingival bleeding.
Comparison of initial loading doses of 5 mg and 10 mg for warfarin therapy
Authors: Lastória Sidnei , Fortes Jr Arcangelo T. , Maffei Francisco H. Abreu , Sobreira Marcone Lima , Rollo Hamilton A. , Moura Regina , Yoshida Winston Bonetti
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT: The question of what is the best loading dosage of warfarin when starting anticoagulant treatment has been under discussion for ten years. We were unable to find any comparative studies of these characteristics conducted here in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of two initial warfarin dosage regimens for anticoagulant treatment. METHODS: One-hundred and ten consecutive patients of both sexes, with indications for anticoagulation because of venous or arterial thromboembolism, were analyzed prospectively. During the first 3 days of treatment, these patients were given adequate heparin to keep aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) between 1.5 and 2.5, plus 5 mg of warfarin. From the fourth day onwards, their warfarin doses were adjusted using International Normalized Ratios (INR; target range: 2 to 3). This prospective cohort was compared with a historical series of 110 patients had been given 10 mg of warfarin on the first 2 days and 5 mg on the third day with adjustments based on INR thereafter. Outcomes analyzed were as follows: recurrence of thromboembolism, bleeding events and time taken to enter the therapeutic range. RESULTS: Efficacy, safety and length of hospital stay were similar in both samples. The sample that were given 10 mg entered the therapeutic range earlier (means: 4.5 days vs. 5.8 days), were on lower doses at discharge and had better therapeutic indicators at the first return appointment. CONCLUSIONS: The 10 mg dosage regimen took less time to attain the therapeutic range and was associated with lower warfarin doses at discharge and better INR at first out-patients follow-up visit.
Endovascular correction of a traumatic internal iliac arteriovenous fistula with a covered stent
Authors: Santos Junior Edson Pedroza dos , Batista Rodolfo Rógers Américo , Felici Fernanda Medina , Correia Vinicius Evaristo , Oliveira Maykon Brescancin , Alves Remy Faria
Published: May 2014

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are anomalous communications between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary network. They can be subdivided on the basis of etiology into congenital and acquired fistulae. The latter may be caused by closed or penetrating traumas, or may be iatrogenic injuries. We report on a case of a young adult female gunshot wound victim treated with emergency laparotomy who developed asymmetrical edema of the lower limbs during the late postoperative period. Imaging exams showed the presence of a left internal iliac AVF, treated using endovascular surgery with placement of a covered stent, resulting in total occlusion of arteriovenous communication.
Do Programa de Volta para Casa à conquista da autonomia: percursos necessários para o real processo de desinstitucionalização
Authors: Lima Sheila Silva , Brasil Sandra Assis
Published: May 2014

O Programa de Volta para Casa (PVC) visa contribuir para a inserção social de pessoas que estiveram internadas ao menos dois anos ininterruptos em hospital psiquiátrico. A pesquisa objetivou identificar o impacto desse programa, assim como do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), para a efetivação das ações de desinstitucionalização. Durante seis meses foram utilizadas técnicas de observação participante em duas Residências Terapêuticas localizadas em Salvador-BA, incluindo conversas informais com profissionais desses espaços e do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) que os administrava. Também foi realizada pesquisa documental em documentos oficiais referentes ao PVC. Os dados observados no cotidiano das residências sugerem que há um processo de burocratização e pouca autonomia em torno do uso do dinheiro, além de faltarem estratégias efetivas para a produção do empoderamento dos beneficiários do PVC. Observa-se a necessidade de um maior investimento em educação permanente dos profissionais, bem como de um significativo fortalecimento das chamadas "estratégias de desinstitucionalização" previstas pela Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.
Estudo sobre dimensões da avaliação da Estratégia Saúde da Família pela perspectiva do usuário
Authors: Moraes Verena Duarte , Campos Carlos Eduardo Aguilera , Brandão Ana Laura
Published: May 2014

A satisfação dos usuários é um dos componentes básicos da qualidade de qualquer serviço de saúde. Tem sido crescente a incorporação desse aspecto em estudos avaliativos de unidades e equipes de Atenção Básica à Saúde. No Brasil, esse processo ainda é incipiente, com poucos instrumentos disponíveis, adequados e validados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as dimensões mais valorizadas pelos usuários. Sua metodologia contou com a realização de dois grupos focais em duas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) com contextos distintos para ampliar as possibilidades de resposta. Foram feitas análise de conteúdo e categorização das falas em dimensões e subdimensões da satisfação. Chegou-se a um total de 17 dimensões, sendo as mais citadas: 1) acesso e disponibilidade do serviço de saúde; 2) organização dos processos de trabalho; 3) relação com os profissionais de saúde; 4) longitudinalidade do cuidado e estabelecimento de vínculo entre profissionais e usuários; e 5) coordenação do cuidado. Conclui-se que conhecer as dimensões da satisfação mais valorizadas pelo usuário é essencial para a construção de instrumentos mais adequados ao contexto da ESF no país.
Violência e ausência de psicólogos nas escolas
Authors: Arreguy Marília Etienne
Published: May 2014

Procuramos refletir sobre a prioridade da práxis psicológica no espaço escolar regional, analisando suas nuances e identificando os impasses que dificultam o trabalho psicológico em escolas regulares. No intuito de responder à questão surgida no decurso de dez anos lecionando o tema, investigamos: qual seria a dimensão prática da disciplina "Psicologia da Educação"? Para tanto, foram também executadas as seguintes atividades em campo: observações diretas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com psicólogos, pedagogos e outros profissionais que atuam em escolas públicas e privadas das cidades de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo e Itaboraí. Em um ensaio teórico-descritivo, relatamos os principais problemas encontrados: a enorme carência de psicólogos atuando em escolas e alguns aspectos da violência nesse contexto. Constatação igualmente pregnante foi a de que o trabalho de psicólogos em escolas constitui um paradoxo: o pedido de atuação em favor da emergência da palavra versus as resistências por parte da própria instituição de ensino que, de modo subliminar, "encomenda" o silenciamento, a adaptação e a correção de condutas indesejáveis, solapando a singularidade.
Percepção da equipe multiprofissional sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Silveira Maria Helena , Ciampone Maria Helena Trench , Gutierrez Beatriz Aparecida Ozello
Published: May 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivos investigar os significados apresentados pela equipe multiprofissional e identificar o prazer e o sofrimento no trabalho em cuidados paliativos. A pesquisa qualitativa realizou-se em unidade hospitalar de cuidados paliativos no município de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados 18 indivíduos da equipe multiprofissional paliativista que assistem a idosos e seus familiares. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais gravadas e direcionadas por questões abertas e semiestruturadas. Os dados foram analisados pela proposta de análise temática elaborada por Minayo, fundamentada nos preceitos de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho determinado por Dejours. Os relatos foram classificados em três categorias: significados apresentados pelos profissionais relacionados ao trabalho, apontados em três subcategorias: humanização; satisfação pessoal; e profissional no processo do cuidar. A segunda categoria decorrente do prazer no trabalho contou com as subcategorias: qualidade da assistência prestada aos familiares, assim como aos pacientes em cuidados paliativos; e fontes de prazer relacionadas à equipe multiprofissional. A terceira categoria, marcada pelo sofrimento da equipe, incluiu as subcategorias: presença do processo de morrer e da morte; desgaste decorrente do sofrimento do paciente; e impotência e presença de conflitos na equipe multiprofissional de cuidados paliativos. Os resultados mostram a importância do prazer no trabalho e direcionam alguns aspectos que podem ser revistos visando à superação do sofrimento e ao alcance da dignidade, ao atuar em cuidados paliativos.
Comparative study of anthropometric and body composition variables, and functionality between elderly that perform regular or irregular physical activity
Authors: Leite Leni Everson Araújo , Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica da , Baptista Rafael , Heidner Gustavo Sandri , Rosemberg Laura , Nogueira Guilherme , Closs Vera Elizabeth , Engroff Paula , Viegas Karin , Schneider Rodolfo , Gottlieb Maria Gabriela Valle
Published: May 2014

Background: The impact of regular and irregular physical activity in body composition, muscle mass and strength of the elderly is not well studied yet. Objective: To compare anthropometric variables, muscle and fat thickness, mobility, handgrip and lower limb strength between regularly and irregularly active elderly classified by the International Physical Questionnaire Activity Questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 75 elderly people (14 males and 61 females) who practiced regular (RPA=10) or irregular physical activity (IPA=65). Anthropometric variables (body mass index, circumferences and skinfolds), muscular and fat thickness (triceps, vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius [ultrasound]), handgrip strength (Crown dynamometer), lower limb strength (sit and stand up test) and mobility were collected from the sample. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Questionnaire Activity Questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were found in the anthropometric, skeletal muscle and fat mass and force variables between two groups (p>0.05). However, elders who practiced irregular physical activity presented best performance in the time up and go test than those who practiced regular physical activity (p=0.008). Results were independent of sex and age of subjects (p=0.017). Conclusion: The study showed no significant differences between elderly that performed physical activity in regular or irregular way in relation body composition and force parameters. However, the results suggest that even irregular physical activity can help the elderly individuals in the mobility, and prevent falls.
Perfil da aids em indivíduos acima de 50 anos na região amazônica
Authors: Vieira Gabriel de Deus , Alves Thaianne da Cunha , Sousa Camila Maciel de
Published: May 2014

O número de indivíduos acima de 50 anos no Brasil vem aumentando nos últimos anos, juntamente com a quantidade de casos de aids que atinge esta população. Esses indivíduos sofrem vários problemas sociais de familiares e dos profissionais da saúde após o diagnóstico da doença, pois estes ainda consideram o idoso um ser assexuado. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar os dados de aids em indivíduos com 50 anos ou mais no município de Porto Velho-RO. Os dados foram coletados na AGEVISA/RO com base nos dados epidemiológicos dos sistemas de informação de agravo de notificação Sinan NET e SinanW. As variáveis analisadas foram: faixa etária, gênero, modo de transmissão, ano de diagnóstico e evolução do caso. Foram notificados 1.668 casos de aids na faixa etária entre 14 e 81 anos, dos quais 15% (251) correspondiam a indivíduos acima de 50 anos, sendo 69,4% (175) homens e 30,4% (76) mulheres. O modo de transmissão do vírus mais comum foi relação sexual exclusiva com mulheres (144 casos) e o modo de transmissão com menor número de casos foi por transfusão sanguínea, com um caso. Na evolução dos casos, 191 pacientes estavam em tratamento e 54 foram a óbito. Houve aumento do número de indivíduos acima de 50 anos com aids na última década no município de Porto Velho-RO.
Qualidade de vida, depressão e cognição a partir da educação gerontológica mediada por uma rádio-poste em instituições de longa permanência para idosos
Authors: Rocha Josemara de Paula , Klein Otavio José , Pasqualotti Adriano
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: identificar possíveis mudanças na qualidade de vida, cognição e depressão advindas de oficinas de educação gerontológica mediadas por uma rádio-poste em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Métodos: estudo observacional, de natureza quali-quantitativa, que contemplou variáveis descritivas e de associação. Após estudo piloto em um grupo de terceira idade, foram selecionadas por conveniência quatro instituições, e delas os idosos cujas características contemplavam os critérios de inclusão. Foram aplicados questionários relacionados com qualidade de vida, depressão, estado cognitivo, características sociodemográficas e realidade tecnológica. Para analisar os efeitos pré e pós-processo de intervenção, foram realizadas estatísticas descritiva e analítica, por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Exato de Fisher, Alfa de Cronbach, Correlação linear de Spearman, todos com nível de significância de p≤0,05. Foram elaborados roteiros de rádio para as oficinas, que aconteceram em oito encontros em cada instituição, duas vezes semanais, duas horas cada, durante seis meses. Resultados: ocorreram incrementos na qualidade de vida e cognição, de forma estatisticamente significativa nos domínios "recreação", "intimidade" e na "memória imediata". Conclusões: os ganhos significativos em qualidade de vida e cognição sugerem que essa prática pode ser válida para melhorar as condições de saúde de idosos de instituições de longa permanência.
Comparação de dois tratamentos fisioterapêuticos na redução da dor e aumento da autonomia funcional de idosos com gonartrose
Authors: Raymundo Stela Freitas , Caldas Junior Antonio Carlos Teixeira , Maiworm Adalgisa , Cader Samária Ali
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Comparar o tratamento da terapia manual, associada ao ultrassom, com o tratamento da cinesioterapia convencional, associada ao laser de arseneto de galium (AsGa), na redução da dor e no aumento da autonomia funcional em idosos com gonartrose. Métodos: Estudo clínico, de delineamento quase-experimental. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo experimental 1 (GE1; n=44; idade=68±7,64 anos; índice de massa corporal: 26,77±4,74Kg/m2) - idosos com gonartrose submetidos ao tratamento fisioterapêutico com terapia manual e ultrassom; e grupo experimental 2 (GE2; n=20; idade=70±5,49 anos; índice de massa corporal: 27,11±4,63Kg/m 2 ) - idosos com gonartrose submetidos ao tratamento fisioterápico com cinesioterapia convencional e laserterapia. Foram analisados a autonomia funcional (protocolo do Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade - GDLAM) e o quadro álgico (escala CR10 de Borg). Ambos os GEs participaram de sessões de treinamento com duração de 45 minutos, duas vezes semanais, durante oito semanas consecutivas. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se melhora da autonomia funcional pela redução significativa do índice de GDLAM (p<0,001) tanto no GE1 (Δ=16,14) quanto no GE2 (Δ=9,32). Semelhantemente, houve diminuição significativa (p<0,001) do nível de dor tanto no GE1 (Δ=5,09) quanto no GE2 (Δ=7,1). O poder do experimento foi de 98%. Conclusão: Infere-se, assim, que ambos os tratamentos sugeridos neste estudo são eficazes no aumento da autonomia funcional e na redução do quadro álgico de idosos com gonartrose.
Prevalência e fatores associados à capacidade funcional de idosos na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Assis Valnei Gomes , Marta Sara Nader , Conti Marta Helena Souza De , Gatti Márcia Aparecida Nuevo , Simeão Sandra Fiorelli de Almeida Penteado , Vitta Alberto De
Published: May 2014

Objetivou-se mensurar o nível de capacidade funcional de idosos e suas associações, por meio de um estudo transversal com 516 residentes nas áreas circunscritas à Estratégia Saúde da Família no distrito de Grande Santos Reis, Montes Claros-MG. Foram aplicados dois questionários: um de características sociodemográficas, condições de moradia e percepção da própria situação econômica, e outro para a avaliação da capacidade funcional. Foram realizadas abordagens descritiva (frequências absoluta e relativa para variáveis categóricas, média e desvio-padrão para as contínuas) e analítica (teste de associação do qui-quadrado e regressão logística binária hierarquizada). Do total de idosos, 39,5% eram homens (70,4±7,1 anos) e 60,5% mulheres (69,1±6,9 anos); 63,4% com escolaridade de zero a dois anos; 85,7% tinham renda de até dois salários mínimos; 73,1% moravam com seus familiares; 33,9% apresentaram capacidade funcional não adequada, sendo 38,5% mulheres e 27,0% homens. A capacidade funcional não adequada foi associada às mulheres, ter mais que 70 anos de idade, renda de até dois salários mínimos e menor tempo de escolaridade. Há necessidade de direcionar a atenção à saúde do idoso, aliando o incentivo à pesquisa e às ações planejadas e direcionadas para melhorar as condições de saúde e qualidade de vida desse grupo.
Streblidae (Diptera) on bats (Chiroptera) in an area of Atlantic Forest, state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Lourenço Elizabete Captivo , Patrício Priscilla Maria Peixoto , Pinheiro Michele da Costa , Dias Renan Medeiros , Famadas Kátia Maria
Published: May 2014

Because of the few records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, known as the Tinguá region. Thirteen species were added to the list of Streblidae in the state of Rio de Janeiro, of which two were new records for Brazil. Thirty-one species have now been reported this state.
Contrasting elevational diversity patterns between eukaryotic soil microbes and plants
Authors: Shen Congcong , Liang Wenju , Shi Yu , Lin Xiangui , Zhang Huayong , Wu Xian , Xie Gary , Chain Patrick , Grogan Paul , Chu Haiyan
Published: May 2014

The diversity of eukaryotic macroorganisms such as animals and plants usually declines with increasing elevation and latitude. By contrast, the community structure of prokaryotes such as soil bacteria does not generally correlate with elevation or latitude, suggesting that differences in fundamental cell biology and/or body size strongly influence diversity patterns. To distinguish the influences of these two factors, soil eukaryotic microorganism community structure was investigated in six representative vegetation sites along an elevational gradient from forest to alpine tundra on Changbai Mountain in Northeast China, and compared with our previous determination of soil bacterial community structure along the same gradient. Using bar‐coded pyrosequencing, we found strong site differences in eukaryotic microbial community composition. However, diversity of the total eukaryotic microorganism community (or just the fungi or protists alone) did not correlate with elevation. Instead, the patterns of diversity and composition in the total eukaryotic microbial community (and in the protist community alone) were closely correlated with soil pH, suggesting that just as for bacteria, acidity is a particularly important determinant of eukaryotic microbial distributions. By contrast, as expected, plant diversity at the same sites declined along our elevational gradient. These results together suggest that elevational diversity patterns exhibited by eukaryotic microorganisms are fundamentally different from those of plants.
Anticipating changes in variability of grassland production due to increases in interannual precipitation variability
Authors: Hsu Joanna S. , Adler Peter B.
Published: May 2014

Expected increases in interannual precipitation variability due to climate change will lead to increases in the variability of primary production, with potentially important consequences for natural resource management. Previous work has suggested that various biotic and abiotic processes might amplify or buffer variation in production in response to variation in precipitation. In particular, production to rain variability ratios (PRVR), the coefficient of variation of production divided by the coefficient of variation of precipitation, indicate that production is often relatively more variable than precipitation. We used 37 long‐term data sets from grasslands across the globe to test how future increases in precipitation variability might alter the variability of aboveground net primary production (ANPP). We demonstrate that PRVR is not a useful metric: it is predicted by a site's precipitation‐production relationship and a PRVR greater than 1 need not imply that increases in the variability of ANPP will be disproportionately greater than increases in precipitation variability. Instead, it is the form of the precipitation‐ANPP relationship that determines how increases in precipitation variability will impact ANPP variability. We fit linear, lag effect, and nonlinear precipitation‐ANPP relationships to each data set. At most sites, the precipitation‐ANPP relationship is weakly nonlinear, though the lag effect model, incorporating previous year ANPP, performed best at several sites. To test whether the three models project differences in the response of ANPP to future increases in precipitation variability, we directly perturbed the observed precipitation time series and quantified the results of this perturbation on ANPP variability. Under simple linear or lag effect models, relative increases in ANPP variability were always equal to the relative increases in precipitation variability. When we modeled ANPP as a nonlinear, saturating function of precipitation, projected increases in ANPP variability were disproportionately high, with production dropping more in dry years than it increases in wet years. In six cases, increases in ANPP variability were twice as large as increases in precipitation variability. Based on Akaike model weights, a 5% increase in precipitation variability would cause a 6.3% increase in ANPP variability on average.