bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security für die NAMUR Open Architecture
Authors: Runde Markus , Barth Christian , Brcic Mirko , Wartmann Gerd
Published: February 2021

Die Digitalisierung hält mit verschiedenen Konzepten Einzug in die Prozessautomatisierung. Die NAMUR Open Architecture zielt dabei auf eine Ergänzung vorhandener Automatisierungssysteme ab. Die durch diese  Anwendungen bedingten Security-Anforderungen dieser Anwendung sind dabei auf Komponenten- wie auch auf Systemeebene zu betrachten und im Weiterbetrieb zugewährleisten.
18F-FDG positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in renal cell carcinoma diagnostics
Authors: Ilyakov V. S. , Pronin Artem , Mikhaylov A. I. , Parnas A. V. , Meshcheriakova Nadezhda , Kamolova Z. H.
Published: February 2021

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a method, capable of evaluation of not only structural, but also metabolic alterations in organs and tissues.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-PDG) PET/CT is widely used in diagnostics of various malignant tumors, but its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains obscure.

Despite its limited effectiveness in primary and differential diagnosis of RCC, PET/CT can be used to determine the grade of malignancy and the histological type of tumor. According to various authors,18F-FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) of a renal neoplasm can serve as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival.

18F-FDG PET/CT is widely used to detect local recurrence and metastatic lesions in various neoplastic processes. Numerous studies confirm the high efficiency of PET/CT in detection of metastases and recurrence discernment for RCC.

The ability to assess the metabolic activity of neoplastic foci using PET/CT may allow for evaluation of RCC therapy effectiveness, which is confirmed by clinical studies of various targeted therapy agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies.

Thus, there is growing evidence that18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool in diagnostics of RCC.
Social defeat: Concept and measurement in a Hispanic population
Authors: Quijada Yanet , Villagrán Loreto
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Social defeat (SD) is defined as a feeling of having lost the fight leading to a loss of valuable status or of important personal goals, and has been associated to depression and suicidal behavior, among other disorders. Furthermore, it has been proposed as a mediating variable between social and clinical elements. Objective. To adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Defeat Scale. Method. A back translation into Spanish was carried out. SD, hopelessness, and social well-being were measured in 546 university students (Mean age = 20.93 years, SD = 2.98; 68.7% females). Results. An exploratory factor analysis offered a two-dimension structure in the scale made up by the dimension defeat and triumph. A confirmatory factor analysis found good fit indicators for the two-dimension model (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Both dimensions present good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > .70). SD was associated to higher levels of hopelessness and lower levels of social well-being. Discussion and conclusion. The Spanish version of the Defeat Scale presents good psychometric properties. Its use can help deepen the understanding of psychopathological phenomena and their link to social elements within the context of Spanish speaking countries.
Gender differences on the WAIS-IV in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ruiz Juan Carlos , Fuentes Inmaculada , Dasi Carmen , Navarro Marisa
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Results from studies that have investigated gender differences in neuropsychological functioning in schizophrenia have been inconsistent. Differences in the illness stage, in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the samples, and the instruments used to measure cognition may have contributed to the heterogeneity in the results. Objective. Investigate the heterogeneity in the results comparing cognitive functioning in chronically ill male and female patients with schizophrenia. Method. Twenty-five women and twenty-five men chronically ill patients with schizophrenia matched on age, age at illness onset, and years of education were evaluated in cognitive functioning using the WAIS-IV. Results. Men showed higher scores than women on the two global measures, on the perceptual reasoning and working memory indices, and on the information, visual puzzles, digit span, and arithmetic subtests of the WAIS-IV. Cohen’s d effect sizes were high for the two global measures and the two indices (d > .68). Discussion and conclusion. Overall, in chronically stable patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia, women’s performance on cognitive functioning was below men’s when assessed with the WAIS-IV, except in the case of processing speed. This pattern of gender differences is similar to the pattern observed in healthy populations. Our results can help to clarify the heterogeneity in the results from studies on gender differences in cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and may be valuable in designing cognitive-targeted interventions for schizophrenia.
Group family psychotherapy during relapse. Case report of a novel intervention for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: González-Macías Laura , Caballero-Romo Alejandro , García-Anaya María
Published: February 2021

Background. Anorexia nervosa is a complex and highly variable disorder. Preventing patients from becoming resistant to treatments is fundamental since an important percentage develops a severe and enduring disorder; and because relapse is highly associated with psychiatric comorbidity, poor prognosis, and serious medical consequences due to malnutrition. Contemporary treatments for anorexia nervosa support the benefits of involving the family in treatment, and although the gold standard of family psychotherapy offers an excellent option for anorexia nervosa, that intervention is aimed at early stages, and therapeutic options for later stages of the disorder are reduced and not clearly established. Objective. Expose the therapeutic effect of the protocol for severe and enduring cases of anorexia nervosa at relapse, used at the Clinic of Eating Behavior of the National Institute of Psychiatry, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, whose theoretical foundation is systemic therapy. Method. To develop this case report, we carried out an in-depth review of the clinical records, and of the clinic attendance records of the case presented here. CARE clinical case report guidelines format were used. Results. The case shows how a young woman, diagnosed with anorexia nervosa with clinical signs of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN), was able to achieve symptomatic remission after her parents, but not her, were administered the protocol for SE-AN. Discussion and conclusion. Here we present an emblematic case showing the importance of getting the parents involved in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COURSE OF PUBLIC HISTORY FOR THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Orlova T.
Published: February 2021

This article is dedicated to the pursuit of the ways of overcoming the crisis in university education in Ukraine, particularly at the department of history. By analyzing foreign experience, it is argued that the growing demand of society for history must be supplied by making experts with diplomas and degrees closer to the needs of the communities, as well as by finding new opportunities for the graduates at the labor market. Therefore, half a century ago professional historians have offered a new branch of training and subsequent activities, named public history. Currently, public history has spread practically all over the world: it is developing rapidly in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Ireland, China, India, Australia, New Zealand and other countries. Anumber of universities of ferspecial courses of training, in the USA, for example, there areover 130. The graduates of the higher education institutions can findjob with in the broad opportunities of the creative industry. Recently in Ukraine, at the government level, the idea of promoting the development of this industry is advocated. But the problem of staff is pressing even more due to the mass emigration of employable population, particularly educational emigration. The demand for the activities of public historians is also caused by the importance of the so-called "soft force" of the state at the global level, as well as by the urgency of streng the ning identity at the level of the countryor a specific community. The development of public history esteem cooperation between professionals and laymen, interested in history of past and recent years. Public history is a history about the public, for the public and together with the public. The mentioned branch spans a wide scope of forms of working with the past, oriented at various audiences. For training experts, it is proposed to introduce an obligatory course "Public/practical history" at the senior-class students of relevant professional faculties of Ukrainian universities. The functioning of the universities in market conditions must be oriented on efficiency, pragmatism, instrumentalization. The suggested course is innovative, interdisciplinary and practice-oriented according to the leading global trends in education and science. The implied training has to combine strong theoretical foundations with state-of-the-art practical technologies of spreading historical knowledge, served by the informational society.
DIDACTIC ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF «APPROACH»: GENESIS, INTERPRETATION, FUNCTIONALITY, HIERARCHY, CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Miier Т.
Published: February 2021

Content creation of such components of didactic tools as paradigm, approach, principle, method, means, form, etc. is a long process, accompanied by the mutual influences of one concept to another. These mutual influences led to the identification of concepts or the differentiation of their content. In the course of the research it was found out that mutual influences were also characteristic for forming the content of the concept of "approach". On the basis of the analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and vocabulary sources, it was found that the process of isolation of the scientific approach as opposed to the extra-curricular approaches and approaches of theism and deism was revealed on the content of the concept "approach". The process of forming the content of the concept "approach" included: identification of the concepts "method" and "approach"; interpreting the latter using the words "method", "means" or based on one of them. It is proved that the interpretation of the content of the concept "approach" with the use of the concept "method" or "means" impedes the understanding of its content and hierarchical arrangement among the components of didactic tools.
As a result of the research, the concepts "method" and "approach" are delineated, morphological, lexical, structural, functional and axiomatic factors that influence the hierarchy of the components of didactic instruments are defined. A hierarchical ordering of the components of the didactic instruments concerning the organizing the educational process of students is also carried out. The definition of the concept "approach" is formulated by distinguishing the general and the partial in its content. The general is constructed on the basis of the phrase "a way of setting a strategic direction", and partly based on the characteristics of a particular approach, in particular axiological, valeological, humanistic, gender, activity, diagnostic, research, differentiated, hermetic, eco-differentiative, information, individual, communicative, complex, cultural and historical, cultural, personally oriented, synergistic, environmental, technological, holistic, value and approaches "optimization of learning", "inter-activity integration", "humanitarian education", "dyadic basis". The approaches are classified according to the orientation of their use.
POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS E O CONCEITO DE WELFARE STATE: Para uma (des) igualdade social?
Authors: Balestrin Mariana , Jung Hildegard Susana , Sudbrack Edite Maria
Published: February 2021

Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo reflete sobre a gênese das políticas sociais e suas interferências na formulação de políticas de alimentação, questionando o conceito de Estado de bem-estar, ou welfare state, ou ainda bien vivir como alternativa para a redução das desigualdades sociais. Encontramos que, no Brasil, os movimentos e lutas sociais tomaram dimensões cada vez maiores e os direitos sociais conquistaram espaço. O welfare state, pese a que corra o risco de ser utilizado para a cooptação e para a lealdade, poderá ser um instrumento para a organização da trabalhadora para a participação e regulação das políticas públicas.
DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA PARA A HISTÓRIA INDÍGENA NO BAIXO SÃO FRANCISCO: ARQUEOLOGIA DO PERÍODO DE CONTATO DENTRO DE UM CONTEXTO KARIRI
Authors: Schuster Adriana Jussara , Garcia Lorena Gomes , Almeida Fernando Ozorio de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta elementos que nos permitem advogar que é possível trabalhar com uma perspectiva de história de longa duração para a região do baixo São Francisco. Apresenta-se o contexto de ocupação humana do rio, indicando que, muito antes do período colonial, ocorreram inúmeros elementos de “mistura” cultural e que, portanto, a ideia de “descaracterização” que se tem para o passado recente dos grupos indígenas regionais precisa ser revista. Em seguida, apresenta-se a cerâmica que presentemente é produzida pelas mulheres Xocó (Kariri). Por fim, discute-se sobre o sítio Cipó, um sítio com uma longa sequência de ocupação e datação proveniente do período de contato, que permite observar uma continuidade cultural entre o passado pré-colonial até o presente.
CAMINHO DE FRAGAS: UMA PERSPECTIVA PÓS-REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA PROFISSÃO DE ARQUEÓLOGO
Authors: Costa Carlos Alberto Santos
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo toma como inspiração o poema “No meio do caminho”, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e apresenta o cenário dos acontecimentos ocorridos após a regulamentação da profissão de Arqueólogo (Lei nº 13.653/2018), a partir de uma perspectiva predominantemente legal. No primeiro momento, compreendendo a regulamentação como um “caminho”, esclarece o que significa esse Estatuto Legal, seus alcances, finalidades, aplicabilidades e limitações. No segundo momento, as “pedras”, seleciona e apresenta três situações que se interpõem como dificuldades à operacionalização das premissas da profissão de Arqueólogo, associadas: às disputas do campo de atuação profissional com os Arquitetos e Urbanistas (“pedra”); às alterações da legislação ambiental (“penedo”); e aos limites epistemológicos e normativos da socialização do Patrimônio Arqueológico (“seixo”). O objetivo é demonstrar que a regulamentação da profissão de Arqueólogo não constitui o final do processo legal, mas o “meio do caminho”, que deve continuar sendo trilhado.
Pós-Licenciamento Ambiental: onde foram aplicados os R$ 100 milhões dos Planos Básicos Ambientais das hidrelétricas instaladas no Estado do Amapá?
Authors: Chagas Marco Antonio , De Lima Ricardo Ângelo Pereira , De Oliveira Marcelo José
Published: February 2021

Um dos desafios da política ambiental brasileira é a revisão do Licenciamento Ambiental. A principal proposta em tramitação tem sido questionada quanto à sua eficiência, com críticas de retrocessos quando analisada sob a ótica das boas práticas internacionais. Este artigo elabora o conceito de Pós-Licenciamento Ambiental como ênfase na importância das etapas de acompanhamento e de comprovação de resultados das ações vinculadas às licenças ambientais (prévia, de instalação e de operação). O conceito é proposto com base em análise dos casos das hidrelétricas de Ferreira Gomes e de Cachoeira Caldeirão no Amapá. Entre os principais achados, estima-se que recursos da ordem de R$ 100 milhões foram orçados para os Planos Básicos Ambientais, com resultados inexpressivos ou mesmo inexistentes diante das informações analisadas. A conclusão aponta para a necessidade de melhoria da eficiência do instrumento, consubstanciada em maior rigor no pós-licenciamento e em boas práticas de gestão ambiental associadas.
A organização operária no Brasil da Primeira República (1889-1930): princípios e tendências
Authors: Garutti Selson , Machado Rafael Pires
Published: February 2021

Pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, cuja base teórica dada por Antunes (1980; 1983;) e Carone (1979), seu objetivo consiste na analise das teorias que influenciaram a organização do operariado brasileiro na conjuntura da Primeira República (1889-1930). Dentro da organização operária brasileira, dois polos são fundamentais: (a) reduções de carga horária de trabalho; (b) Tomada de consciência de classe: os anarquistas e os reformistas. Conclui-se que nesse período foram poucas as conquistas reais que os trabalhadores tiveram na nascente república brasileira.
Desenvolvimento e direitos humanos: um balanço dos 10 anos do Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos (PNDH-3)
Authors: Faisting André Luiz , Guidotti Vitor Hugo Rinaldini
Published: February 2021

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 apresenta como uma de suas características marcantes a relação intrínseca com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948. Após sua promulgação, algumas tentativas de apresentar ações mais objetivas em prol dos direitos humanos são materializadas em três diferentes versões do Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos. O terceiro e último PNDH, ainda em vigor, apresenta uma série de diretrizes, orientações e ações para que o Estado brasileiro se encarregue de propiciar políticas públicas concatenadas com a dignidade da pessoa humana. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar um dos eixos do PNDH-3, que versa sobre Desenvolvimento e Direitos Humanos. Para isso, buscou-se produzir um balanço entre o que foi originalmente proposto, em especial sobre a perspectiva de desenvolvimento pretendida à época, e os caminhos adotados pelos governos dez anos após a promulgação do PNDH-3. Um dos resultados mais significativos é o evidente descompasso entre o que foi proposto e a orientação econômica adotada pelos últimos governos. Desta forma, concluiu-se que não apenas os objetivos do PNDH-3 estão comprometidos, como também a normalidade democrática e a violação da Carta Magna, que tem na dignidade da pessoa humana um de seus princípios fundamentais.
A construção histórica da cidadania ocidental: uma abordagem de gênero
Authors: Silva David Junior de Souza , Almeida Adriene Neves de
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo trata sobre o estatuto das mulheres no conceito de cidadania ocidental amplamente utilizado nos Estados Contemporâneos, inclusive no Brasil. Malgrado o conceito de pessoa portadora de direitos e o conceito jurídico de cidadão, ambas criações europeias, tenha se difundido no mundo todo conforme a hegemonia do eurocentrismo, diferentes formações sociais realizam o conceito de formas específicas – atribuindo estatuto específico às mulheres em cada formação sociocultural. A metodologia consiste de uma hermenêutica histórica da formação do conceito, realçando o estatuto da mulher por ele atribuído. A interpretação debruça-se sobre os autores clássicos do tema, como T.H. Marshall (1967) que caracteriza cidadania através de três elementos: civil, político e social; na construção a partir da política internacional de elementos constitutivos da cidadania contemporânea, analisada por Lafer (2017); e Carvalho (2010) que historiciza a construção do conceito de cidadania no Brasil. Identificamos nos dois casos, tanto no inglês quanto no brasileiro, às mulheres não foi estendido plenamente o atributo da cidadania. Destarte, em resposta, as mulheres mobilizaram-se para acessar o status atribuído pelo conceito. Sua mobilização foi historicidade aqui: no primeiro momento teve o caráter de garantir que fossem reconhecidas como cidadãs; no segundo, para instituir legislações específicas; no terceiro, para fazer cumprir e ampliar estes direitos.
Tecendo memórias, preservando o passado e desenvolvendo o agora: museus, memória e patrimônio cultural no contexto da economia criativa
Authors: Gevehr Daniel Luciano , Braun Junéia Laila
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como foco a temática dos museus como espaço de preservação da memória e do patrimônio cultural e a economia criativa. Busca estabelecer as bases conceituais sobre memória, patrimônio cultural, museu, e economia criativa compreendendo sua importância para a preservação da cultura e da história e contribuir para a valorização e modernização destes espaços. A produção desta pesquisa deu-se por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, sendo assim, trata-se de um estudo de natureza teórica. Através de levantamento sobre museu, memória, preservação de patrimônio e economia criativa, a pesquisa se valeu de uma revisão bibliográfica para a construção da fundamentação teórica, base deste estudo. Identifica-se a partir dos conceitos explanados que a valorização e preservação do patrimônio e da memória, através do contexto museal, é um importante espaço de construção da identidade coletiva e individual. O museu, como espaço de preservação do patrimônio cultural, aliado à economia criativa, através de abordagens mais modernas no que concerne a apresentação de novas e criativas formas de atrair visitantes, pode criar dinâmicas diferentes interagindo mais com seu público. Dessa forma podem tornar-se espaços mais democráticos no sentido de alcançar um número maior de visitantes e promover a valorização da identidade e preservação da memória da localidade onde está inserido.
O modelo de desenvolvimento do Tocantins e o povo Akwẽ-Xerente: impactos socioambientais e desafios da interculturalidade
Authors: Da Silva Reijane Pinheiro , Grácio Héber Rogério
Published: February 2021

Este artigo discute a relação entre o modelo de desenvolvimento em curso no estado do Tocantins e alguns dos impactos que afetam as terras e, consequentemente, a organização social, cosmológica e produtiva do povo indígena Akwẽ-Xerente. Resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2015 a 2018, as reflexões se embasam na perspectiva do diálogo etnográfico com os atores e a realidade indígena, além de dados quantitativos para a caracterização do modelo de desenvolvimento em questão. A expansão do agronegócio e a implantação de projetos de infraestrutura como a Usina Hidréletrica (UHE) Luiz Eduardo Magalhães, intensificaram impactos já vivenciados pelo contato prolongado desse povo com a sociedade nacional. Identificamos que há uma relação direta entre esses projetos e mudanças nas formas tradicionais de obter e produzir alimentos, o que causou e tem intensificado a insegurança alimentar entre esse povo. As relações cosmológicas, marcadas pela intercomunicabilidade com os seres que coabitam o território Akwẽ, também têm sido desestruturadas pelo processo analisado. Políticas públicas e projetos voltados para diminuir impactos e promover “desenvolvimento” entre os povos indígenas do estado desconsideram as perspectivas êmicas, as ciências e as cosmologias tradicionais, reproduzindo práticas colonizadoras e reforçando conflitos já estabelecidos historicamente.
A atribuição da Guarda Municipal em ações ambientais efetivas nas unidades de conservação de Manaus
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Jorge Barbosa , Da Silva Ygor Felipe Távora , Miranda Ires Paula De Andrade
Published: February 2021

O objetivo geral do artigo é identificar as ocorrências e demandas do serviço de proteção ambiental das Unidades de Conservação no município de Manaus e propor melhorias na sua atuação. Os Objetivos Específicos são: Levantar aspectos legais e conceituas da Unidade de Conservação brasileira; Identificar ocorrências atendidas pelos órgãos da Segurança Pública dentro e fora das Unidades de Conservação no município de Manaus; e Descrever e propor instrumentos técnicos e legais (administrativos e normativos) na formação de um corpo especializado na seara ambiental que se adéque e possibilite o atendimento das demandas oriundas das ocorrências registradas. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto, a metodologia aplicada foi considerada exploratória, com uma abordagem descritiva e quali-quantitativa. Além disso, foi necessário realizar uma busca no Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS) e no Cartório Delegacia Especializada em Crimes Contra o Meio Ambiente (DEMA). Conclui-se que a Guarda Municipal tem a missão de proteger o patrimônio ecológico, atuando no espaço público, parques, monumentos históricos, com ações e práticas educativas voltadas a conservação do meio ambiente, mas os resultados mostram que a forma de atuação dos Guardas Municipais é insatisfatória, devido a uma falta de entendimento por parte dos agentes sobre suas atribuições para atuar na UC. Recomenda-se que os gestores equipem suas corporações para que seja possível exercer a atividade fazendo com que essa categoria seja um instrumento de sua política Ambiental Municipal.
O Privativo ma- na Língua Wapixana
Authors: Pinho Thaygra Manoelly Silva de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a Negação Morfológica da língua Wapixana-Aruák através da pesquisa tipológica-funcional do morfema ma-. Primeiramente, analisamos a forma do privativo, ma- ou may-, questão levantada por Giovannetti e Basso (2016;2018); Depois, observamos em quais raízes (nomes e verbos) o privativo podía-se combinar, para então perceber suas funções; Em seguida, analisamos a hipótese de Santos (2006) sobre o grau de intensidade de privação do ma- relacionado aos adjetivadores -’u e -chi; Por fim, verificamos a assimetria de ma- em relação ao atributivo ka-. Como resultado da pesquisa, percebemos que o privativo ma- é muito produtivo na língua Wapixana; concordamos com Santos (2006) ao afirmar que a forma do morfema é ma- e em sua hipótese sobre a variação de intensidade semântica quando alternados os sufixos adjetivadores -’u e -chi; Verificamos que o privativo combina-se com nomes, adjetivos e verbos (ativo e estativos) e que funciona também como operador negativo, dependendo da raíz em que este se combina; por fim, percebemos que a relação que o privativo ma- e o atribuitivo ka- são assimétricos, haja vista que o privativo é mais produtivo na língua.
Ocena efektywności ekonomicznej procesu WAG na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych dla jednego z krajowych złóż ropy naftowej
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wojnicki Mirosław , Kuśnierczyk Jerzy ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Szuflita Sławomir ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warnecki Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2021

The challenge related to the need for an increase of the recovery factor concerns numerous mature, also domestic oilfields, including the most important ones – located in Main Dolomite formation. Satisfactory recovery factor can be ensured only through applying an effective enhanced oil recovery method (EOR). Water Alternating Gas (WAG), as one of the most effective EOR methods, has been tested in conditions characteristic for domestic deposits in carbonate formations. The results of experimental and simulation works carried out at the Oil and Gas Institute (INiG – PIB) indicate significant potential for the application of the WAG method in domestic conditions. An unquestionable advantage of the WAG method is the opportunity to utilize various types of gases, including flue/waste gas or low-energy natural gas. This issue deserves special attention because, as we know, the reduction in the emissions of gases involved in global warming is critical for the future of our planet. Their utilization in EOR methods, coupled with their safe storage in geological structures, constitute measures that reduce the environmental footprint of produced oil. In the article, based on the of experimental results, a simplified economic analysis of the utilization of four gas types in the form of acidic gases (carbon dioxide and its mixture with hydrogen sulfide) and natural gases (high and very high nitrogen content) in the WAG method was carried out. That allowed to identify the most economically optimal variants of the WAG method. The results showed that despite significantly lower effectiveness of nitrogen-rich natural gases in enhancing oil recovery (in the context of recovery factor), their application might be justified in economic terms. The selection of the optimal variant for enhancing recovery is strongly influenced by the assumed (current) cost of acquiring the injected media, and of course by the current (and forecasted) crude oil price.
Wpływ nanorurek węglowych (CNTs) na parametry mechaniczne kamieni cementowych w warunkach HPHT
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kędzierski Miłosz , Rzepka Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kremieniewski Marcin ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of testing the influence of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical parameters of cement stones under HPHT conditions. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an external diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of 10–30 μm were used for testing. 0.1% of carbon nanotubes was added to the cement slurry. Laboratory tests of cement slurries were carried out at Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute. The tests were carried out under conditions of increased pressure and temperature in the temperature range of 60–130°C and the pressure range of 25–80 MPa. CEM I 42.5R Portland cement and Class G drilling cement were used to make the slurries at temperature of 60oC. Cement slurries for temperatures from 80oC to 130oC were prepared on the basis of class G drilling cement. The recipes were developed on the basis of the requirements to be met by cement slurry for the cementing of casing under conditions of very high temperatures and reservoir pressures. The densities of tested slurries ranged from 1,840 kg/m3 (slurries at a temperature of 60°C) to 2.250 kg/m3 (slurries with the addition of hematite).Compressive strength tests and adhesion measurements were carried out after 2, 7, 14 and 28 days. Cement slurry recipes with very good technological parameters were developed, which after curing (after 28 days of hydration) showed very high values of compressive strength, reaching up to 44 MPa. Cements were characterized by high values of adhesion to pipes reaching up 8 MPa after 28 days and flexural strength of about 11 MPa. The test results show that the addition of carbon nanotubes has a positive effect on the mechanical strength of cement stones with their addition. The stones modified in this way are characterized by high compressive strength and high adhesion to steel pipes. Further research is needed to determine the influence of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure of hardened cement slurries. It is also necessary to conduct further research on the determination of the optimal amounts of these agents and the selection of the most compatible additives for cement slurries that work optimally in combination with nanoparticles.
Transorbital clipping of the ethmoidal arteries as a method of early devascularization in cranioorbital tumors removal
Authors:   Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,  Moscow, 127473, Russia, Levchenko O. V. , Ovchinnikov A. Yu. ,   Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,  Moscow, 127473, Russia, Kalandari A. A. ,   Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,  Moscow, 127473, Russia, Edzhe M. A. ,   Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,  Moscow, 127473, Russia
Published: February 2021

Objective: To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with cranioorbital tumors. For this purpose, for patient with high vascularized tumor of ethmoidal bone, adjacent to the medial wall of the orbit, early devascularization as the first stage and transnasal endoscopic removal of the tumor as the second stage was performed. Tumor devascularization was performed by clipping of anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries through a transcaruncular endoscopic approach. For this, the incision of the conjunctiva, after infiltration with local anesthetics, was carried out posteriorly from the lacrimal caruncle, continuing it above and below the posterior border of the medial canthal ligament. Then, after dissection of the periosteum posterior to the posterior lacrimal crest, further stages of the surgical intervention are performed under the control of an endoscope with a viewing angle of 0°. Results. Transorbital endoscopic clipping of the ethmoid arteries allowed to significantly reduce the intensity of blood flow in the tumor tissue and perform endoscopic transnasal removal of the tumor with minimal blood loss. Intraoperative blood loss was 100 ml. No complications were recorded. Conclusion. Transorbital endoscopic clipping of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries is an effective and safe method for early devascularization of partially embolized or non-embolized cranioorbital tumors. The technique is promising and requires further development.
Case report of rare congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx and ear in combination with a malformation of the visual organ on the example of a child, born from parents in a relative marriage
Authors:   Sogdian regional clinical hospital named after S. Kutfitdinov,  Khujand, Republic of Tajikistan, Ochilzoda A. A. , Karimov A. O. ,   Sogdian regional clinical hospital named after S. Kutfitdinov,  Khujand, Republic of Tajikistan, Ochilzoda N. A. ,   Sogdian regional clinical hospital named after S. Kutfitdinov,  Khujand, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: February 2021

The authors present a case of congenital malformations of ENT organs in children, multiple congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx, ear and eyes (double tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the chianti on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, microphthalmia on the left) and congenital bilateral deafness. The peculiarity of this observation is the rarity of cases of many congenital defects of the ENT organs: doubled tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the choana on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, congenital bilateral deafness, in the combination of the organ of vision – the eye: microphthalmia on the left in a child who has a history of kinship of parents.
Registration of assr-thresholds in free field stimulation in normal hearing persons. Our experience
Authors:   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Naumova I. V. , Pashkov A. V. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Zelenkova I. V. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Klyachko D. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: February 2021

Background: Currently, for an objective assessment of the thresholds of auditory sensitivity, one of the most popular diagnostic methods is the method of recording of auditory steady state response - the ASSR test. One of the primary uses of ASSR is to assess sound thresholds correlated with tonal threshold audiometry. Actually, there are no reliable criteria for the norm for this study with free field stimulation, in conditions close to the natural listening environment. The identification of these criteria will allow this method to be applied as a routine in patients who cannot be tested in the usual way using headsets or in-ear phones (headphones). Objective: To determine the correlation of the ASSR thresholds with free field stimulation and the responses of insert-transducers stimulation and values of tonal threshold audiometry in the free field in normally hearing individuals. Design: Behavioral thresholds in a free field were compared with the results of ASSR in 20 normally hearing adults (40 ears) with stimulus delivery both via insert-transducers and using a loudspeaker. Conclusion: The ASSR thresholds in normal hearing adults obtained by free field were comparable to the thresholds obtained with a stimulus through insert- transducers and the results of behavioral thresholds. The correction coefficients for measuring ASSR thresholds and behavioral thresholds in free field in normal hearing adults have been obtained.
Wykorzystanie koncepcji substance z perspektywy międzynarodowych regulacji podatkowych
Authors: Rusek Joanna
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie rozmaitych sposobów wykorzystania koncepcji treści ekonomicznej (substance) na gruncie międzynarodowym. Z tej perspektywy w pierwszej kolejności analizie zostały poddane prace prowadzone w ramach projektu BEPS. Rozważane było także posługiwanie się pojęciem substance przez Modelową Konwencję OECD. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe regulacje, koncepcja treści – rozumianej jako tworzenie wartości przy uwzględnieniu rzeczywiście pełnionych funkcji, zaangażowanych aktywów, zatrudnionych pracowników, ponoszonego ryzyka różnego rodzaju – została uznana za szczególnie użyteczną dla przeciwdziałania negatywnemu zjawisku unikania opodatkowania.
Italy
Authors: Kamiński Tomasz , Gzik Michał
Published: February 2021

Fast growing network of national contacts in the Sino-Italian affairs builds the important layer of subnational bilateral relations. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of paradiplomatical cooperation between Italian and Chinese regions. This paper contains a short overview of bilateral Italian-Chinese relations in political, economic and social terms. Furthermore there is a description of competences of the regions in the Italian foreign policy in term of legal environment for the autonomous activities of Italian regions in the international arena. Moreover this paper contains the analyses of existing links between Italian and Chinese regions on the basis of a survey conducted among regional authorities from all Italian regions. Finally it contains the case of Umbria, as a region that active cooperation with China goes well beyond economic relations.
Domestic Electricity Consumption in Mexican Metropolitan Areas under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Tejeda Martínez Adalberto , Méndez Pérez Irving Rafael , Cruz Pastrana Daniela Alejandra
Published: February 2021

The following estimates analyse human bioclimatic conditions due to climate change in three time horizons, as suggested by Article 2 of the Paris Agreement. Each scenario corresponds to an increase in the global average temperature (∆T) of 1 ºC, 1.5 ºC and 2 ºC, respectively. The measurements of residential electricity consumption for air conditioning were made in 30 metropolitan areas of Mexico with at least half a million inhabitants in 2010. Bioclimatic conditions also included estimates of the effects of urban heat islands (UHI). Use of heating will decrease and, in some cases, disappear, while the need for cooling will increase. Electricity consumption due to cooling is expected to increase in Mexicali, Reynosa-Río Bravo (on the border with the United States), Cancún, Villahermosa, and Veracruz (on the shores of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico). Urban areas like Toluca, Pachuca, Xalapa, San Luis Potosí, and Puebla-Tlaxcala used little or no energy for cooling in the second decade of the 21st century but will need to do so halfway through the century.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Gum Ghatti as a Novel Excipient: Development of Compression Coated Mu-Coadhesive Tablets of Domperidone
Authors: Puri Vivek , Sharma Ameya , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Inderbir , Huanbutta Kampanart
Published: February 2021

Background: Mucoadhesive polymers represent a major part of site-specific and localized retention strategies in oral drug delivery. Present research was designed to synthesize and characterize a novel mucoadhesive carbohydrate polymer (thiolated gum ghatti; TGG) which was further employed to fabricate mucoadhesive tablets of domperidone using an industrially viable compression coating technique. Methods: Thiolation of gum ghatti was achieved by the ester formation (esterification) between hydroxyl group and carboxyl group of gum ghatti and thioglycolic acid. Results: TGG was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and DSC techniques. In rheological studies, the observed viscosities of pure gum-mucin were 45.45 and 71.75 mPas and that of thiolated gum were 78.7 and 112.58 mPas respectively in water and simulated gastric fluid. Signifi-cant increase in viscosity for thiolated gum may be attributed to increased macromolecular interactions responsible for enhanced mucoadhesive potential of thiolated gum. In-silico studies corroborate the role of mucin gum interaction and energetic stabilization for en-hanced mucoadhesion properties of thiolated gum. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion strength of gum ghatti and thiolated gum ghatti coated tablets was found to be ranging between 4.67± 0.79 to 8.99± 0.75 g and 11.76± 1.34 to 18.83± 2.07 g respectively. Conclusion: Thiolated gum ghatti may be regarded as a promising polymer for developing different mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
Evaluation Model of Remote Sensing Satellites Cooperative Observation Capability
Authors: Zheng Zhonggang , Fu Kun , Li Qingmei
Published: February 2021

This paper proposed a new evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process to quantitatively evaluate the capability of multi-satellite cooperative remote sensing observation. The analytic hierarchical process model is a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of systematic decision analysis method. According to the objective of the remote sensing cooperative observation mission, we decompose the complex problem into several levels and a number of factors, compare and calculate various factors in pairs, and obtain the combination weights of different schemes. The model can be used to evaluate the observation capability of resource satellites. Taking the optical remote sensing satellites such as China’s resource satellite series and GF-4 as examples, this paper verifies and evaluates the model for three typical tasks: point target observation, regional target observation and moving target continuous observation. The results show that the model can provide quantitative reference and model support for comprehensive evaluation of the collaborative observation capability of remote sensing satellites.
Nutritional Value of Five Rangeland Plants Using Gas Production Technique
Authors: Talebi Ebrahim , Yousef-Elahi Mostafa , Dehghani Mohammad Reza , Salmani Asghar
Published: February 2021

This investigation was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritional value of five plant species commonly used as ruminant feeds namely: Artemisia herba-alba, Acer monspessulanum, Amygdalus lycoides, Amygdalus scoparia, and Atriplex leucoclada. After the collecting samples, the chemical compositions of plants included dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash (CA), cell wall (NDF), and non-lignin cell wall (ADF) were determined according to standard methods. For degradation testing, the nylon bag technique was applied using three native Sistani fistula calves. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) were determined through the gas production technique. The CP value ranged from 5.30 (Amygdalus scoparia) to 11.72% (Atriplex leucoclada) while NDF value ranged from 52.62 (Amygdalus lycoides) to 69.05% (Amygdalus scoparia). The range of OMD, DOMD, and ME was from 36.67 to 53.27%, 34.67 to 49.11%, and 5.57 to 8.08 (MJ/kg), respectively. The results showed a positive correlation between cell wall composition and dry matter digestibility in plant species. The nutritional value of Amygdalus lycoides, Atriplex leucoclada, Acer monspessulanum, and Artemisia herba-alba was acceptable composition and digestibility.
Detecting and Characterizing A-to-I MicroRNA Editing in Cancer
Authors: Marceca Gioacchino P. , Tomasello Luisa , Distefano Rosario , Acunzo Mario , Croce Carlo , Nigita Giovanni
Published: February 2021

RNA editing involves the insertion, deletion or substitution of single nucleotides within a RNA molecule, without altering the DNA sequence. Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing consists of an RNA modification where single adenosines along the RNA sequence are converted into inosines. Such a biochemical transformation is catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) and occurs either co- or post-transcriptionally. Initially, the A-to-I RNA editing phenomenon was discovered and studied in messenger RNAs (mRNAs), where it can influence RNA splicing and cause the recoding of codon sequences. The employment of more powerful, high-throughput detection methods has recently revealed that A-to-I editing widely occurs in non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) acting as translation inhibitors, known to exert relevant roles in controlling cell cycle, proliferation, and cancer development. Indeed, a growing number of recent researches have evidenced the importance of miRNA editing in cancer biology by exploiting various detection and validation methods. Herein, we briefly overview early and currently available A-to-I miRNA editing detection and validation methods and discuss the significance of A-to-I miRNA editing in human cancer.
Positive Effects of the Migration from Ka-Band Satellite to 4G Solution for the Communication Needs of a Scattered Set of 1 MW Solar Farms in Poland: A User’s Experience
Authors: Tébar Martínez Enrique Miguel , Bąk Witold , Hurtado Luis , Kulesza Zbigniew , Napieralski Andrzej
Published: February 2021

This paper contains a concise overview of the deployment of scattered solar power plants in Poland, mainly from the perspective of their communication networks, and how the recent development of the Polish 4G networks has a very positive impact for the performance of the whole monitoring system (production control and video-surveillance), with a special emphasis on video-analytics, due to its higher bandwidth demand. All the information will be shown from the point of view of the solar photovoltaics developer I+D Energías, and therefore it constitutes a real user’s experience.
Tropheryma whipplei in Immunocompromised Children in Iran: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shams Saeed , Rezaei Nilofar , Beltrame Anna , Moro Lucia , Piubelli Chiara , Bagheri Amiri Fahimeh , Esmaeili Saber
Published: February 2021

Background: Tropheryma whipplei is the causative pathogen of Whipple’s disease and other acute and chronic manifestations. Children have been identified as reservoirs of this bacterium especially in low-middle income countries. No information is currently available on the dissemination of T. whipplei in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T. whipplei in children with immunodeficiency. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from July 2018 to February 2019 in Qom province (central Iran). Stool samples were collected from immuno-compromised children. T. whipplei was tested by SYBR Green and Taq-Man Real-time PCR assays. For confirmation, sequencing of the isolated bacteria was done. Results: One hundred and 30 children with a mean age of 56.7 months were enrolled. Acute lymphocytic leukemia was the most reported immunodeficient disease (77%), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and retinoblastoma. The majority of the children were undergoing chemotherapy during the study. Thirteen (10%) children had T. whipplei DNA in the collected stools. Sequencing results confirmed T. whipplei identification in all the cases. Eight out of 70 (11.4%) children under 5 years old resulted positive. Conclusion: This is the first study showing the circulation of T. whipplei among immunocompromised children in Iran. More epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of this pathogen in different risk groups in Iran and to increase the knowledge of its rare clinical manifestations.