bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of major traits of marigold seed in respect of genotype and climatic conditions
Authors: Jevdjovic Radosav , Maletic Radojka
Published: October 2010

The results of the two-year comparative research of qualitative and quantitative traits of marigold seed of different genotypes in regard to the standard cultivar were analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was registered in genotype "King orange", and the lowest in genotype "R". Concerning the quality of seed, that is, germination energy and total germination, the best results were established for genotype "King orange" and the poorest for genotype "R" in both study years. The highest absolute mass was registered in domestic cultivar "Domestic orange". Climatic conditions had great influence on yield and quality of marigold seed. In the first study year, with 2.5 times higher water sediment during the vegetation period, seed yield in all genotypes was higher compared to the second study year. Also, absolute mass of seed of all genotypes was higher in the first study year. However, germination energy and total germination for all genotypes was better in the second year, when the sum of temperatures during the vegetation period was 37580C compared to the first year when the sum of temperatures recorded was 35230C.
Phenological observation of white grape varieties in the grape growing area of Grocka
Authors: Sivcev Branislava , Petrovic Nevena
Published: October 2010

Phenological stages of white wine varieties grown in the "Radmilovac" collection vineyard were recorded during a three- year period. The included stages were: time of bud burst - shoot growth, flowering, v?raison and full ripening. The number of days, sum of active and sum of effective temperatures were established for each phenological stage, 12 features in total. The features such as the length of vegetative period from bud burst to full ripening and sum of active temperatures for the same period were of crucial importance for the classification of varieties. Based on climate characteristics and phenological observations of plant organ growth and development in some cultivars, the total of 66 cultivars, of 71 investigated, can be grown at Radmilovac. Late-maturing varieties cannot be successfully grown.
Influence of curd particles drying temperature on the composition of curd made of milk in which co aggregates were formed
Authors: Jovanovic Snezana , Macej Ognjen , Barac Miroljub
Published: October 2010

The influence of different drying temperatures of curd particles in order to obtain curd particles with chemical composition characteristic for Dutch-type semi-hard cheeses was investigated. The experiments were performed with heat-treated milk at 87?C for 10 minutes to induce chemical interaction between casein and serum proteins and to form the co-called co aggregates. The curd particles were dried at 42?C and 45?C for 60 minutes and two types of curd, named curd A and curd B were formed afterwards. The results of the experiments showed that the used temperatures had no significant influence on chemical composition of the curd. The average total solids of curd A was 49.09%, moisture in fat free basis (MFFB) 68.78% protein content 22.23%, lactose content 1.55%, ash 1.98%, titratable acidity 71.700T and pH 6.22. On the other side, the average values for curd B were 49.40%, 68.58%, 22.74%, 1.47%, 1.94%, 75.920T and 6.07, respectively. The use of different drying temperatures, as well as the other treatments (pressing, salting and ripening) provide conditions for semihard cheese producing, with the chemical composition similar to the Dutch-type semihard cheese prepared according to the traditional method.
Influence of curd particles washing on the composition of curd made of milk in which co aggregates were formed
Authors: Jovanovic Snezana , Macej Ognjen , Denin-Djurdjevic Jelena
Published: October 2010

The composition of curd A and curd B was investigated as influenced by the technological process known as curd washing after removing 1/3 or 1/2 of whey and replacing by the same volume of water at the drying temperatures of 42?C and 45?C, respectively. Milk used for experiments was heat-treated at 87?C/10 min, during which the chemical complex between casein and whey proteins (milk protein co aggregates) was formed. It is shown that the applied drying temperatures of 42?C (curd A) and 45?C (curd B) do not have significant influence on the curd composition. The curd A and B gained without washing of the curd had 50.91% and 50.60% of moisture, respectively. If the curd washing process is applied after removing 1/3 of whey, the resulting curd has higher moisture content, 52.27% and 52.63%, respectively for the curd A and B. The highest moisture content in the curd is noted in the curd gained when 1/2 of whey is replaced by water during washing treatment. The same tendency is noted for the moisture in fat- free basis (MFFB), the parameter used for cheese classification. Also, it is observed that fat, protein and ash content are lower in the curd A and B when the curd washing process is applied than in the curd produced without the curd washing process. However, regardless of the increased moisture content of the curd gained by washing process, it is possible (even from heat-treated milk in which coaggreagates are formed) to achieve the average MFFB typical for semi-hard cheeses of Dutch type, by further technological processes such as molding, pressing, salting and ripening.
Selection on uniformity and yield stability in maize
Authors: Zivanovic Tomislav , Vracarevic Maja , Krstanovic Sasa , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana
Published: October 2010

Historically speaking, both the introduction of double-cross hybrids and use of single crosses have caused the increase in grain yield and significantly improved agricultural practice. Nowadays, the uniformity of crops is regarded as an advantage of modern agriculture, since the uniformity of products is crucial in global market. Thus, uniformity of crop maturation provides both planning and efficient mechanized harvest. F1 single-cross hybrids of maize, which is an allogamous species, not only exploit heterosis, but also impose homogeneity. Basically, the uniformity of hybrids has been regarded as their crucial advantage. There are two aspects of hybrid maize uniformity: (i) genetic homogeneity and (ii) genetic stability. Genetic homogeneity refers to presence of identical genotypes, whereas genetic stability refers to phenotypic uniformity (homeostasis) in different environments. At present, yield performance of inbreds has not advanced as rapidly as performance of hybrids, especially in stressful environments. Focusing on inbred productivity combined with stability may be more appropriate strategy in the future. Poor farmers are not able to employ superior genotypes because they require considerable financial investment and farmers survive not due to high yield in good seasons, but due to enduring extreme ones. Breeding process may create genotypes in favorable seasons when genetic variance is maximal and environmental influence is minimal, which should be followed by breeding for different environments. The aim of such breeding are, most probably, genotypes intended for a specific set of conditions which, in fact, represents a convergence of two strategies of plant breeding. One should probably bear in mind the strategy of both yield improvement and survival of farmers in extreme conditions without decreasing yield of best genotypes, especially those adapted only to favorable conditions. Solution to this problem should be: financial (best possible loans), social (education), and technological (breeding improved genotypes and advanced agricultural production).
From a smokehouse to a vacuum dehydrator
Authors: Zlatkovic Branislav , Vulic Todor
Published: October 2010

The tradition of fruit dehydration in Serbia has been long and anviable. It seems that Serbian machine-building in the area of fruit processing technology has given its greatest contribution in this field. It has been one 100 years since the smoking house of Mr Stokovic, PhD was announced to be the best and the most promising plum dehydrator at the open competition organized in Topcider by the Ministry of Agriculture. It was the first real almost continual fruit dehydrator where plums were moved at certain intervals closer and closer to the source of heat. Such a concept of plum dehydration from lower to higher temperatures was held on even later in perhaps our most famous dehydrator CER. Even the smoky smell was retained but liquid fuel was used for technical purposes. For a long time, it has been a well- known fact that vacuum dehydration has many advantages. In our country there have been many attempts to make fruit dehydrator of greater capacities in which vacuum would be used. Of course, there have been many problems, both technical and technological, but today a hundred years after accepting Stojkovic?s smokehouse, it is our great honor to present to you the results of plum dehydration in a home-made vacuum condensation dehydrator. We hope that now path is widely open to high quality dehydration, and not only for that plum, but for fruit susceptible to oxidation which is the reason our food industry has not produced it so far. This is probably a farewell to the most dangerous, but for the product quality, the most necessary operation - sulphuration.
Grape yield and quality of the grapevine cultivar limberger treated with plant growth regulators
Authors: Todic Slavica
Published: October 2010

The effects of foliar application of paclobutrasol (PK), chlorcholinechloride (CC) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on grape yield and quality of the grapevine cultivar Limberger were studied. PK and CC strongly inhibited shoot growth. The number of berries per bunch, bunch weight and grape yield per m2 were increased. At the same time, sugar content of must was either reduced (CC2000) or retained at the level of control (PK1000, CC1000). The GA150 treatment resulted in lower grape yield. At the concentration of GA3 100mg/l no significant increase in yield was found, whilst sugar content of must was significantly increased.
Effects of pseudogley chemical amelioration on the changes in soil and plant phosphorus and potassium contents
Authors: Boskovic-Rakocevic Ljiljana , Ubavic Momcilo , Jakovljevic Miodrag , Milivojevic Jelena
Published: October 2010

Pseudogley is a soil type that is under natural conditions characterized by unfavorable properties, the most pronounced being insufficient amounts of basic plant nutrients. Using different amelioration measures, numerous researchers have tried to overcome the problems resulting from soil acidity (increased aluminum and manganese contents, deficiency of alkaline cations in the adsorption complex and reduced available phosphorus content). Calcification was the most common measure almost always producing the best results of all the measures. In order to determine the effect of some neutralization acidity materials derived from natural sources (bentonite zeolite, lifos, CaO and MgO) on the change in the available phosphorus and potassium contents, a trial was set up on extremely acid soil to determine the manner of change in the nutrients concentrations in maize leaf and grain. The results obtained show that all ameliorative measures used affected the soil phosphorus and potassium contents increase, depending on the reduction of acidity and the mobile aluminum content, resulting also in a better uptake of the nutrients from the soil.
Heavy metal content in flue cured and air cured tobaccos from main production areas in Serbia
Authors: Radojicic Vesna , Cvetkovic Olga
Published: October 2010

The aim of this work was to examine the influence of growing conditions on heavy metal content in virginia (flue cured) and burley (air cured) tobacco type. Moreover, some of these metals could appear in the tobacco cigarette smoke. This fact may cause negative consequences for cigarette consumers. Examinations were carried out in five various production areas, for each tobacco type, during two years, 1998 and 1999; those were extreme years for production. Considering the results, it can be concluded: The most important factor for heavy metal content in tobacco leaves are weather conditions especially the amount of rainfall, since there is a direct correlation between the rainfall and size of roots, a dominant vegetation organ. It is inevitable that the metals content in flue cured and air cured tobaccos grown at different experimental lots, is still below the legally prescribed values. Tobacco leaves from Sabac production area have a little higher metal content than tobacco grown in other production areas, because a larger amount of copper was found. The metal content in plants can increase because of its absorption from soil, atmosphere, or mineral fertilizers and pesticides, and, what is very important, the content of metals can be high due to the vicinity of large industrial centers.
Actual state of drainage system on the experimental field "Radmilovac" and priority works to be done for the improvement of its working characteristics
Authors: Djurovic Nevenka , Stricevic Ruzica
Published: October 2010

This article represents data of the drainage system functioning at the experimental field "Radmilovac" just after its construction and eleven years later. In the first three years of the system functioning the values of drainage discharge, water table depth and soil moisture content were in the range which characterizes satisfactorily drained soil. The absence of weed control and luxinate growth of annual and perennial weed every year canal silting, solid waste disposal in the canal significantly reduced cross- section of the water flow and blocked the outflow of the drain pipes. Mean value of the water table is moved toward the higher value, with small dispersion around the mean value, which can be used as one indicator more to describe the reduced functioning of drainage systems. To enable the system functioning on the design level, some extra works, out of regular maintenance, should be done to revitalize the system. Some of the works should be: to excavate the silt from the canal, to reshape the canal drainpipes leaching, to root up bushes and trees from the bottom of the canal.
Examination of some functional properties of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix val) and carp (cyprinus carpio lin) meat
Authors: Zivkovic D. , Peric V. , Perunovic Marija
Published: October 2010

Water binding ability (WBA), held water (HW) and gel-forming properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val) and carp (Cyprinus carpio Lin) meat were examined in this paper. Two variants of fish meat gels: A with 50% of meat and B with 60% of meat were examined at temperatures: 70 75, 80, 85 and 90 oC. The variant A of silver carp meat gels has shown the maximum of WBA and HW at 80 oC, and the variant B at 75 oC. In both variants of carp meat gels slow increase of WBA and HW with rise of temperature to 80oC was established. Silver carp meat gels have had better WBA than control gels (beef and poultry meat), and carp meat gels have better HW, but somewhat worse WBA than control gels. In gels of variant A of silver carp meat the highest module of elasticity (6.862 N/cm2) was found at thermal treatment at 85 oC, but statistically significant differences in relation to other temperatures were not established. In variant B, with the rise of temperature, the module of elasticity increases; statistically significant differences were established among gels treated at 70 oC and others. Differences between variants A and B were statistically significant at all examined temperatures. Meat gels of silver carp have significantly lower module of elasticity compared to control gels. Under conditions of our experiment the module of elasticity of carp meat was below measuring limit.
Influence of selected factors on induced syneresis
Authors: Jovanovic Snezana , Macej Ognjen , Denin-Djurdjevic Jelena
Published: October 2010

Syneresis is the process of whey separation induced by gel contraction resulting in rearranging or restructuring of casein matrix formed during enzymatic coagulation. Numerous factors can influence the process of syneresis. The influences of pH, calcium concentration, temperature of coagulation of milk and applied heat treatment on the syneresis induced by different intensity of centrifugal force have been investigated. Coagulated samples were centrifuged at 1000, 2000 and 3000 rpm for 5 min, respectively. Reconstituted skim milk powder (control sample) and reconstituted non-fat milk heat treated at 87?C/10 min (experimental sample) are coagulated at temperatures of 30?C and 35?C, at pH value of 5.8 and 6.2, and with the addition of 100, 200 and 400 mg/l of CaCl2, respectively. Centrifugation at 1000 rpm of both control and experimental samples didn?t recover any sera, regardless of the applied coagulation conditions. This indicates that the intensity of centrifugal force wasn?t strong enough to disrupt gel structure and cause syneresis. When the intensity of centrifugal force was increased up to 2000 rpm, the syneresis was induced, but the degree of syneresis depended on the applied factors of coagulation, primary on the applied heat treatments and temperature of coagulation. The amount of added CaCl2 didn?t have a significant influence on the induced syneresis at 2000 rpm. The induced syneresis was very significant for both control and experimental samples when the intensity of centrifugal force of 3000 rpm was applied. It was also noted that curd produced from heat treated milk in which milk protein coaggregates were formed, released less sera regardless of the applied coagulation factors.
Influence of various coagulation factors on chemical composition of sera gained by centrifugation from casein gel
Authors: Jovanovic Snezana , Macej Ognjen , Barac Miroljub
Published: October 2010

Technological operations applied during curd processing influence syneresis and total solids content of cheese. Syneresis is not a simple physical process representing whey segregation due to curd contractions. Numerous factors can influence the process of syneresis. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of various parameters (pH, quantity of CaCl2 added, temperature of coagulation and heat treatment) on induced syneresis. Reconstituted instant skim milk (control samples) and reconstituted instant skim milk heated at 87?C for 10 min (experimental samples) were coagulated at 30?C and 35?C, and pH of 5.8 and 6.2 with 100, 200 and 400 mg/l of CaCl2 added. According to our results, these parameters had significant influence on nitrogen content of serum as well as on the distribution of nitrogen matter from gel into sera. Due to the formation of coaggregates the best rheological properties of gel were obtained for experimental samples coagulated with 400 mg/l of CaCl2 added at pH 5.8 and temperature of 35?C.
Biochemical contents of pepper seedlings inoculated with phytophthora infestans and arbuscular mycorrhiza
Authors: Odebode A.C. , Salami A.O.
Published: October 2010

The effect of interactions between Arbuscular Glomus etunicatum and fungus Phytophthora infestans on biochemical contents of pepper plants was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The sugar contents (i.e. Glucose fructose and sucrose) were higher in the control and mycorrhizal inoculated pepper seedlings and the lowest in pathogen inoculated seedlings. Free amino acids were the highest in the simultaneously inoculated pepper seedlings while total phenol was found to be the highest in pepper seedlings inoculated with P. infestans. The levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium varied in the inoculated pepper seedlings without any significant difference in the treatment. The results obtained suggest protective influence of mycorrhiza by enhancing the nutritional status of the inoculated pepper seedlings.
Economic competitiveness of different ways of pasture utilization
Authors: Gogic Petar
Published: October 2010

A family farm model was used in order to study the economic importance of pasture utilization in sheep breeding and cattle fattening during the summer period. The model was based on real technological, organizational and economic conditions of a farm in the hill and mountain regions of eastern Serbia. The economic competitiveness of different ways of pasture utilization was studied based on the processing price of green feed obtained from pastures. Under the given economic conditions, a higher processing price of feed may be expected in cattle fattening. Thus, from the economic standpoint farms involved in cattle fattening would have a justifiable production. However, due to the changing market conditions it was necessary to determine the processing prices at different price levels of fattened cattle, animals for fattening and the production value per breeding ewe. A special diagram was constructed enabling a rapid and easy determination of the processing price of feed in practice taking into account different market conditions of sheep breeding and cattle fattening. In addition using the same diagram it was possible to determine the relationship between the production value per breeding ewe and the price of fattened cattle at different price levels of animals for fattening inducing the same processing price of pasture feed.
Combining abilities of silage maize grain yield
Authors: Zivanovic Tomislav , Secanski M. , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana , Prodanovic S.
Published: October 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the following parameters of maize grain yield: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids superior-parent heterosis and general and special combining abilities. According to obtained results of the two-year study, it can be concluded that variability of this trait is significantly affected by a genotype, year and their interaction. As expected, hybrids had higher average grain yields than inbreds due to the depression of this trait that occurs in inbreds during inbreeding. The highest average value of heterosis for gain yield was detected in the hybrid ZPLB405 x ZPLB406 (123.0% and 178.1% in 1997 and 1998, respectively). The estimation of combining abilities was done on the basis of diallel hybrids after the method established by Griffing, 1956 (method II, mathematical model I). The analysis of variance of combining ability for grain yield indicated highly significant values of GCA and SCA for the observed trait in both study years. Grain yield inheritance was more affected by non-additive genes (dominance and epistasis) as indicated by the GCA to SCA ratio that was smaller than unity. The inbreds ZPLB401 and ZPLB406 had high GCA effects, while the hybrid combinations ZPLB40? x ZPLB402, ZPLB401 x ZPLB403, ZPLB401 x ZPLB405, ZPLB402 x ZPLB406, ZPLB403 x ZPLB406, ZPLB404 x ZPLB406, ZPLB405 x ZPLB406 had high SCA effects in both study years. These hybrid combinations include one parent with high GCA effects and other with low GCA effects. Furthermore, there are combinations ZPLB402 x ZPLB405, ZPLB403 x ZPLB405 and ZPLB404 x ZPLB405 with significant SCA effects that include parents with low GCA effects. This is probably the result of the additive type (additive x additive) of interaction between parents.
Application of microbiological fertilizers in viticulture: Grape yield and quality of wine cv. Riesling
Authors: Sivcev Branislava , Jovic S. , Raicevic Vera , Petrovic A. , Lalevic B.
Published: October 2010

The recommended cultivars for top quality wines Riesling in the vineyards of Grocka is in full crop. It was grafted on Kober 5 BB stock and planted on the soil type cambysoil. The content of total nitrogen is 0.1-0.15%. Supply of easily available potassium varies between 12.3-15 mg/100g a.d.s.2, i.e. phosphorus 0.4-3.6 mg/100g a.d.s. in layer up to 40 cm. Microbiological fertilizer was used in the study - biological preparation prepared with mixed natural populations Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulons. The space in row is idle land and the space between rows was sown each year (March-April) with a mixture of field pea and barley and ploughed in the inflorescence phase of legumes. Grape yield varied between 8772-6804 kg/ha. Microbiological fertilizer with Azotobacter had the highest yield and the control treatment had the lowest yield, where only grass mixture was sown. Extremely dry climatic conditions in the trial period caused the grape yield in cv. Riesling to be extremely low. In combination of fertilizers Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus circulons wine with the most ethanol, extracts and polyphenols was obtained. The wine obtained from the control treatment had a typical taste.
Changes in leaf water status in grapevine graftlings treated with growth regulators
Authors: Todic Slavica , Beslic Z.
Published: October 2010

The effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol (1000 mg/L), chlorcholine chloride (200 mg/L) and gibberellic acid (100 mg/L) on leaf water status in grapevine graftlings of cv Cardinal was investigated. After stratification and waxing, young vines were planted into vegetation pots and grown in a glasshouse. Foliar treatments were applied once, twice or three times during the vegetative period, starting on 25 July and every 15 days thereafter. Values of total water potential (Tl) and of relative water content (RWC) were measured over the same period. Results indicate a tendency of increased TL values in leaves of plants repeatedly treated with a growth inhibitor paclobutrazol (-1.18 Mpa) compared with untreated (-1.36 Mpa) as well as plants treated twice with gibberellic acid (-1.37 Mpa). RWC in leaves was significantly increased in the second half of the vegetative period when paclobutrazol was applied twice (78%) in comparison with control (75%). Values of both investigated indices point to a more favorable water status of plants treated during the vegetative period with growth inhibitors compared with untreated and plants treated with gibberellic acid.
Some properties of Guyon's method for drain spacing determination on the marshy gley soil
Authors: Djurovic Nevenka , Stricevic Ruzica
Published: October 2010

The aim of this work is to show out some properties of Guyon's method for drain spacing determination in unsteady state of flow. The analysis has been carried out in the marshy gley soil of the experimental field with drain spacing of 10 m, 20 m and 30 m. The method assumed modeled dynamics of water recharge, which hasn't been observed during the experimental trial. Therefore, its application is limited.
Impact of additives on corrosion rate of cans filled with pieces of apricot
Authors: Toskovic D.V. , Rajkovic Milos , Stanojevic D.D.
Published: October 2010

Polarization techniques are used for testing the impact of different compounds (additives) on tinplate corrosion, using pieces of apricot dipped in syrup with and without nitrate addition as electrolyte solution, at the same time using filled cans as electrolytic cell and operating electrode. This procedure determined the intensity of inhibiting tin dissolving with some of the used additives like sodium-benzoate, potassium-sorbate sodium-lauril-sulphate and p-aminobenzoate acid. Adding these additives to canned pieces of apricot in syrup led to inhibiting of tin dissolving, which was experimentally proved.
Effects of agricultural policy on the development of Slovenian agriculture during the transition and the process of accession to the European Union
Authors: Volk Tinea
Published: October 2010

The thesis analyzes the development of agricultural policy and agriculture in Slovenia in the period from 1992 to 2002. The analysis is based on the classification of agricultural policy and its measures, standard indicators used for analysis of development of agricultural policy and agriculture, and specific methods for evaluating the efficiency of agricultural policy (evaluation methods, simulation methods). The results show that the transition in Slovenia caused no marked shocks for agricultural production. The development goals for agriculture were set forth early (in 1992) and were modeled on the EU standards, and they remained unchanged throughout the transition. A protectionist development concept of agricultural policy was adopted, which assured a relatively high level of support to agriculture. Under this concept, the agricultural policy was substantially reoriented during the transition, but this happened gradually and was reflected above all in the re-instrumentation of policy and changes of the structure of support to agriculture. Agricultural policy was relatively successful. It managed to achieve most of the strategic development goals of agriculture and a high degree of compatibility with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Terminology used in sensory evaluation of plum brandy sljivovica quality
Authors: Nikicevic N.
Published: October 2010

Sensory evaluation of sljivovica quality is a demanding and responsible task To carry out the evaluation satisfactorily, certain specific conditions must be fulfilled. To clearly define all necessary sensory characteristics of sljivovica, an official vocabulary of professional terms and concepts should be established in both theory and practice. The development of an official vocabulary is becoming an imperative, especially when it is evident that subjectively uttered words and concepts and their use can lead to lack of understanding or misunderstanding. The motivation for initiating work on such vocabulary derives from the fact that all renowned world drinks like Cognac, Calvados, Whisky etc have had it for a long time, while Serbian sljivovica has never had it. Due to the lack of an official professional vocabulary, and for the needs of the present paper, the author has taken liberty to present to the research and professional public the vocabulary he has compiled for sensory description of basic parameters of plum brandy sljivovica quality. The vocabulary comes from personal experience and participation in numerous official commissions for evaluating the quality of alcoholic drinks and wines in Yugoslavia. The proposed terms for the plum brandy sljivovica vocabulary or dictionary should be taken as a pioneering attempt and initiative for compiling a more comprehensive Serbian plum brandy dictionary. The author strongly believes that a committee of experts would be able to fulfill the task in the best possible way.
Effect of greenhouse conditions on Zn, Fe and Cu content in tomato fruits
Authors: Bjelic Vukasin , Moravcevic Djordje , Beatovic Damir
Published: October 2010

Tomato investigations were carried out under greenhouse and field conditions. The aim was to determine the extent to which greenhouse conditions influence the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Plants grown under field conditions were used as the control. Tomato trials were performed during different periods. Greenhouse trials were carried out in the winter and the spring period (January-June), and field trials in the spring and the summer period (May-September). Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) content was established in ripe tomato fruits. Greenhouse conditions were found to effect zinc and iron content in tomato, whereas copper content was unaltered.
Germination of the lovage seed in respect of fraction size and temperature at investigation
Authors: Jevdjovic R. , Filipovic V. , Jevdjovic Jasmina , Pavlovic R.
Published: October 2010

Three fractions of lovage seed: small size 2.5 mm, medium size 3.0 mm, and large size 3.5 mm were analyzed in this paper. Contents of small fraction were 23 %, medium 46 %, and large 31 %. The infraction seed was used as standard. The indicators: germination energy, total germination and seed weight were investigated. The best results had the broadest fraction of 3.5 mm concerning all indicators. The temperature of 20 ?C constant proved the most optimum when all indicators had the highest values, and the most unfavorable was the temperature between 5/15 ?C 12/12h alternately. Due to conducted investigation, it can be concluded that the contents of the broadest fraction of lovage seed is the most important for production and seed multiplication.
Effects of the use of formic acid in different doses as the conserving in Lucerne ensiling
Authors: Djordjevic Nenad , Grubic Goran , Popovic Z.
Published: October 2010

The influence of formic acid added in three doses (3,5 and 7 g/kg fresh mass) in the intensity of proteolysis and fermentation in Lucerne silages was investigated. On the basis of chemical analyses, it is observed that with the increase of conserving dose the lower pH value, limited proteolysis and increased preservation of proteins was achieved. The amino acid content varied very much due to their degradation and biosynthesis. In treated silages a statistically significant increase of lactic acid was observed while silages with maximum dose of conserving had significantly less free and total acetic acid. Presence of bonded butyric acid only in the control silage had no statistical significance. According to Dulphy and Demarquilly (1981) method, control silage with minimum dose of conserving was estimated as III class and silages with medium and high dose of formic acid were estimated as II quality class.
Effect of the use of synthetic sound during incubation in chicken
Authors: Veterány L. , Hluchý S. , Jedlicka J. , Cerveňanová E.
Published: October 2010

In the present work the effect of the use of synthetic sound during incubation in chicken of the Hampshire breed was studied. For the stimulation, an electronic sound generator with amplitude of power 1250 mV and time interval of 134 ms, 176 ms, 210 ms and 380 ms was used. The study was carried out in three experiments. In the 1 st experiment we tried to determine the influence of sound stimulation on the hatching of chickens from egg set of the variant of weight. In the 2 nd experiment we tried to determine the influence of the variant of the beginning of sound stimulation on chicken hatching. In the 3 rd experiment we tried to determine the influence of sound stimulation with constant amplitude of power and the variant of the time interval on chicken hatching. The most suitable eggs to be used for the stimulation with synthetic sound are the ones with the weight of 58.0-60.0g. In this weight category, the chickens hatched earliest of all the groups and there was no decrease in hatchability either. In order to achieve an earlier beginning of beak clapping, a faster whole group beak clapping time, and a shorter hatching time of chickens, sound stimulation should begin at the 433 rd hour of hatching. At the constant amplitude of power of the stimulating sound, the earliest hatching was observed when the time interval was 176 ms. Less suitable for stimulation are the time intervals 134 ms and 380 ms.
Conservation of soil moisture in deep tillage rigosol under wheat and maize
Authors: Tapanarova Angelina
Published: October 2010

At the experimental field "Radmilovac" of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Belgrade the study of the conservation of soil moisture in deep tillage Rigosol was carried out. The so called type of soil Rigosol was covered by wheat and maize. The Rigosol was formed by special treatment of the parent soil the Eutric Cambisol. The researches have been conducted during the most important phenophases of the crop growth, including formation of kernels, flowering, fertilization, grain filling and maturity. Special attention was paid to the measurements of soil moisture in the period when crop water requirements are the greatest. The conservation of the soil moisture was observed along the vertical profiles of soil. The following parameters were monitored: time intervals without rainfall, precipitation rate and the rate of crop phenophase development. Very favorable soil moisture conservation was observed, both for wheat and maize covered soil. The greatest content of soil moisture was measured at the depths from 10 to 30 cm, in the zone of crop roots. As the consequence, the favorable conditions for crop growth and yields were observed. Deep tillage of soil had positive effects on homogeneous distribution of soil moisture along the vertical profile, independently of the crop type. It was shown that the Rigosol ensures better conservation of the soil moisture than the parent soil (Eutric Cambisol), if all agriculture measures are applied in the proper time.
Plasticity of pseudogley soils in Ub community
Authors: Gajic Bosko
Published: October 2010

The paper includes the results of determination of Atterberg plasticity limits of arable (0-25 cm) and subarable (25-50 cm) horizons in 53 pseudogley profiles from the community of Ub. On the basis of performed laboratory investigations, it has been found that the pseudogley belongs to the group of moderately plastic soils, with plasticity index higher than 17. In the arable horizon, average moisture at the plastic limit is about 20 %, and in the subarable horizon - about 19 %. Average values of the liquid limit in the arable horizon are about 38 %, and in the subarable horizon about 40 %. The optimal moisture for machine tillage of the investigated pseudogley and for other field operations varies between 19 and 22 %. Several other physical and textural characteristics are presented, including clay activity index and potential mechanical instability and soil susceptibility to treading.
Analysis of drying potato kinetics in laboratory conditions
Authors: Zlatkovic B.P. , Rajkovic Milos
Published: October 2010

Chemistry is in its nature a fundamental science, but nowadays its results are increasingly used in practice. In such a way, many syntheses of important nutrition and industrial compounds (chemical technology), or destruction of harmful substances (chemical ecology) have been developed. The analytic part of chemistry (analytical chemistry) has found a significant usage even in optimization of technological processes of food technology. One of the oldest ways of food preservation is drying (dehydration). The basis of this process of preservation is to vaporize water, to dry enough the product, in order to stop the activity of enzymes and possibility of microorganisms? development. Water in agricultural products is not free but bound to dry matter. Therefore, for its vaporizing it is necessary to bring enough heat. The part of the brought heat is used for vaporizing water, but one part of it becomes the energy for activation of several chemical reactions that decrease the nutritive values and the quality of future food. Therefore, the important engineering problem emerges: determination of optimal conditions for drying. For optimization of technological process of drying, it is necessary to do mathematical modeling of dependence of water vaporizing speed from environmental conditions beforehand. The aim of this paper is to determine potato pieces drying kinetics in laboratory dryer, in order to determine the optimal conditions for its industrial dehydration. It was established that in the first quarter of the time of drying evaporated 28.3% of total evaporation of water, and then in order by quarters: 53%, 14.1% and 4.6%, respectively. The greatest speed of drying was realized at moisture of potatoes about 50%.
Drying of the aqueous extract of acorn Quercus robur in a spout-fluid bed
Authors: Rakic S. , Povrenovic Dragan , Maletic Radojka , Zivkovic M.
Published: October 2010

The results of the chemical investigations of variously treated acorn samples are presented in this paper with the aim of obtaining data on the amount of nutritious components and biologically active substances. The Quercus robur acorn, which belongs to the Fagaceae family, was investigated in a raw, thermally treated form and as an extract that was subsequently dried in a dryer with a fluidized bed. The obtained results regarding the content of tannin, nitrogen containing compounds, macro- and microelements indicate that acorn maintains its functional characteristics after the investigated treatments.
Effects of some production factors on chemical composition and sensory qualities of Williams pear brandy
Authors: Nikicevic N.
Published: October 2010

Pear is one of the most widely grown fruit species across the world, but of all varieties, the best and most appreciated is for sure Williams pear or Bartlett pear as better known in the West. Those choosy worldwide have been enchanted over decades and centuries by its generous, exuberant and extraordinarily pleasing aroma. Bartlett pear?s qualities are probably best expressed through its far and wide famous, delicious, of the same name, pear brandy. For many people it is a queen of all fruit brandies, while for others it is, in general, the best strong alcoholic drink. However, Williams pear brandy is scarcely present in foreign, particularly domestic, professional and scientific literature. This is the reason why the present paper?s author wants to pay due respect to Williams pear brandy for sensory pleasure it affords. Production of top quality Williams pear brandy (top quality only because it is what this pear deserves) is neither simple nor easy. The present paper deals with the most important stages of pear brandy production, therefore it is a pioneering attempt to acquaint scientific, professional and broader consumer audience with this top quality brandy.
Importance of phenological observations and predictions in agriculture
Authors: Ruml Mirjana , Vulic Todor
Published: October 2010

Phenology can contribute to many scientific disciplines from climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and forestry to human health. The knowledge of timing of phenological events and their variability can provide valuable data for planning, organizing and timely execution of certain standard and special (preventive and protective) agricultural activities that require advanced information on the dates of specific stages of crop development. Mathematical models are the basic tools to predict the timing of phenological events. There are two types of phenological models: physiologically-based and statistical. Most of the existing models are statistical and serve to predict the onset of different phenophases according to the air temperature. These models are site- and species-specific and cannot be applied to a wide range of species and climatic conditions.
Systems of cattle housing
Authors: Trifunovic G. , Latinovic D. , Mekic C. , Djedovic Radica , Perisic Predrag
Published: October 2010

In intensive milk production particular attention is given to genetic improvement of cattle for high milk production and high quality of milk. Such trend should be followed by improvement of non genetic factors through technology and management. This is related to up to date solutions for high milk production, better cow reproduction, increase of productivity, better working conditions, better housing, efficient health protection and hygienic conditions, better technology of cow feeding, etc. It is known that two systems of cattle housing are present: free stalls and station barn with a number of modifications, among which the frequently mentioned one is semi-free stall as a combination of the two basic ones. Some variations within two systems are due to farm, climate and other differences. Based on a number of investigations, it is found that station barns have some advantage when milk yield is considered, while free stalls have preference when the reproduction of cows, productivity of labor, health protection and longevity of cows are considered.
Effect of pre-winter sowing on earliness and yield of spinach
Authors: Bjelic Vukasin , Moravcevic Djordje
Published: October 2010

The paper deals with the effect of pre-winter sowing on earliness and yield of spinach. Sowing was conducted late in the autumn (November-December), i.e. before harsh frosts. Spring sowing served as the control. It was established that pre-winter sowing significantly increased the earliness of spinach and decreased its yield. Due to favorable effect on earliness, pre-winter sowing should be applied in the production of this vegetable. Early spinach is a commodity which is highly requested on the market and is placed on the market at a high price.
Variability of some traits of flax seed in respect to genotype and climatic conditions
Authors: Maletic Radojka , Jevdjovic Radosav
Published: October 2010

Beside its multiple use in oil producing and feed industry, flax seed is used also in pharmaceutical industry as additional medicinal component, whether as mono component or in tea mixtures. Results of a two-year cultivation of several flax genotypes are analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was achieved in genotype "Z" and the lowest in standard cultivar "Mira". In regard to germination energy and total germination, the best value was determined for genotype "B" and the lowest for standard cultivar "Mira". The greatest swelling of flax seeds was established for genotype "B", and the least in the case of genotype "Z". Climatic conditions in the year of cultivation had effects on yield and quality of flax seed. During 2001. the year with high rainfall, higher yields were produced in all tested genotypes, and better germination energy, total germination and mass of 100 seeds established. In seed obtained in 2002, when average temperatures were higher, number of swollen seeds was higher. .
Combining ability of silage maize ear length
Authors: Zivanovic Tomislav , Secanski Mile , Prodanovic Slaven , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana
Published: October 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the following parameters of silage maize ear length: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis and general and special combining abilities. According to obtained results of the two-year study, it can be concluded that variability of this trait is significantly affected by a genotype and a genotype x year interaction. As expected, hybrids had greater average values of ear length than inbreeds due to the depression of this trait that occurs in inbreeds during inbreeding. The highest average value of heterosis for ear length was detected in the hybrid ZPLB 402 x ZPLB 406 (62.3% and 48.8% in 1997 and 1998, respectively). The estimation of combining abilities was done on the basis of diallel hybrids after the method established by Griffing, 1956a (method II, mathematical model I). The analysis of variance of combining ability for ear length indicated highly significant positive values of GCA and SCA for the observed trait in both years of investigation. Ear length inheritance was more affected by non-additive genes (dominance and epistasis) as indicated by the GCA to SCA ratio that was smaller than unity. The inbreeds ZPLB 401 and ZPLB 406 had high GCA effects, while the hybrid combinations ZPLB 401 x ZPLB 403. ZPLB 401 x ZPLB 402, ZPLB 401 x ZPLB 406 and ZPLB 403 x ZPLB 406 had high SCA effects in both investigation years. These hybrid combinations include both parents with high GCA effects or one parent with low GCA effects. Furthermore, there are combinations ZPLB 403 x ZPLB 405 and ZPLB 404 x ZPLB 405 with significant SCA effects that include parents with low GCA effects. This is probably a result of the additive type (additive x additive) of interaction between parents. .
Influence of agroecological conditions on root yield of celeriac
Authors: Filipovic Vladimir , Jevdjovic Radosav
Published: October 2010

What we have in the present paper are the results of analysis on how the amount of precipitation, temperature, type of soil, and drip irrigation can affect celeriac root yield. The soil type had a considerable influence on yield. In both study years concerning two ways of growing - watering and dry cultivation, the celeriac root yield was higher on the chernozem soil type. The higher amount of precipitation and higher temperature during the period of vegetation resulted in higher root yield the first study year (both locality and dry cultivation). Compared with in dry cultivation, in both study years as well as both localities, drip irrigation had higher effects on celeriac root yield. .