bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Tyr34 in proton-coupled electron transfer of human manganese superoxide dismutase
Authors: Azadmanesh Jahaun , Slobodnik Katelyn , Struble Lucas R. , Cone Erika A. , Dasgupta Medhanjali , Lutz William E. , Kumar Siddhartha , Natarajan Amarnath , Coates Leighton , Weiss Kevin L. , Myles Dean A. A. , Kroll Thomas , Borgstahl Gloria E. O.
Published: May 2024

Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a crucial role in controlling levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting superoxide (O2•−) to molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with proton-coupled electron transfers (PCETs). The reactivity of human MnSOD is determined by the state of a key catalytic residue, Tyr34, that becomes post-translationally inactivated by nitration in various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously reported that Tyr34 has an unusual pKadue to its proximity to the Mn metal and undergoes cyclic deprotonation and protonation events to promote the electron transfers of MnSOD. To shed light on the role of Tyr34 MnSOD catalysis, we performed neutron diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations of Tyr34Phe MnSOD in various enzymatic states. The data identifies the contributions of Tyr34 in MnSOD activity that support mitochondrial function and presents a thorough characterization of how a single tyrosine modulates PCET catalysis.
Myo-inositol Levels in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Predicts Anxiety-to-Eat in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Song Yulu , Guo Sarah H. , Davies-Jenkins Christopher W. , Guarda Angela , Edden Richard A.E. , Smith Kimberly R.
Published: May 2024

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental and behavioral health condition characterized by an intense fear of weight or fat gain, severe restriction of food intake resulting in low body weight, and distorted self-perception of body shape or weight. While substantial research has focused on general anxiety in AN, less is known about eating-related anxiety and its underlying neural mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to characterize anxiety-to-eat in AN and examine the neurometabolic profile within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a brain region putatively involved in magnifying the threat response.

Methods

Women seeking inpatient treatment for AN and women of healthy weight without a lifetime history of an eating disorder (healthy controls; HC) completed a computer-based behavioral task assessing anxiety-to-eat in response to images of higher (HED) and lower (LED) energy density foods. Participants also underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the dACC in a 3 Tesla scanner.

Results

The AN group reported greater anxiety to eat HED and LED foods relative to the HC group. Both groups reported greater anxiety to eat HED foods relative to LED foods. The neurometabolite myo-inositol (mI) was lower in the dACC in AN relative to HC, and mI levels negatively predicted anxiety to eat HED but not LED foods in the AN group only. mI levels in the dACC were independent of body weight, body mass, and general anxiety.

Conclusions

These findings provide critical new insight into the clinically challenging feature and underlying neural mechanisms of eating-related anxiety and indicate mI levels in the dACC could serve as a novel biomarker of illness severity that is independent of body weight to identify individuals vulnerable to disordered eating or eating pathology as well as a potential therapeutic target.
Loss of SPNS1, a lysosomal transporter, in the nervous system causes dysmyelination and white matter dysplasia
Authors: Ichimura Yoshinobu , Sugiura Yuki , Katsuragi Yoshinori , Sou Yu-Shin , Uemura Takefumi , Tamura Naoki , Komatsu-Hirota Satoko , Ueno Takashi , Koike Masato , Waguri Satoshi , Komatsu Masaaki
Published: May 2024

Protein spinster homolog 1 (SPNS1) is a lysosomal transporter of lysophospholipids and sphingosine, which has recently been identified to be mutated in patients with neurodegeneration. However, its physiological role, especially in the nervous system, remains largely unknown. In this study, we generated, for the first time, nervous system-specificSpns1knockout mice,Spns1flox/flox;nestin-Cre, and found that the mutant mice develop neurological symptoms, such as epilepsy, and growth retardation, and die by 5 weeks of age. The mutant mice exhibited dysmyelination and oligodendrocyte shedding, while maintaining the neurons. Mutant mouse brains showed accumulation of lysophospholipids, predominantly in regions, such as the olfactory bulb and hippocampus. Furthermore, whereas sphingosine accumulated in the mutant mouse brain, the levels of ceramide and sphingoglycolipids, which are the main myelin components, were decreased. Our findings imply that abnormal sphingosine metabolism causes dysmyelination and white matter dysplasia in brain-specificSpns1-knockout mice, and indicate a possible role of SPNS1 mutation in the pathogenesis of congenital cerebral white matter dysplasia in humans.
Biosensor imaging of G protein mediated Signaling Pathways Activated Immediately Downstream of CaSR
Authors: Chavez-Abiega Sergei , Bruggeman Frank J. , Goedhart J.
Published: May 2024

Genetically encoded biosensors allow us to study events in single cells in real time. Here, we used biosensors with a read-out based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or intensity to investigate the main signaling pathways activated immediately downstream of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in HEK-293 cells. CaSR responds to its endogenous ligand, calcium, to activate Gq and Gi protein dependent pathways. We demonstrate that CaSR activates Gq to promote intracellular calcium mobilization, and we monitored these two events simultaneously in the same cells. We also observed that CaSR activates the 3 Gαi subtypes and decreases cAMP levels in a Gi-dependent manner. Moreover, the use of negative allosteric modulator NPS-2143 can inhibit these signaling events and also rapidly disrupts them if added after receptor activation by calcium stimulation. In addition, the increases in calcium and cAMP levels were respectively enhanced when activation of Gi or Gq proteins was prevented. Finally, we provide evidence that CaSR does not couple to G13 proteins, and that activation of RhoA by CaSR is solely dependent on Gq/G11 activity.
Exploring community satisfaction, identification and reciprocity norm for customer value co-creation: insights from virtual brand communities
Authors: Liu Yurong , Lu Xinxin , Xiong Zhengde , Wang Bo , Yao Zhu , Luo Lingna
Published: May 2024

Purpose

User value co-creation behaviors are crucial for the sustainable development of Virtual Brand Communities. This research, grounded in social exchange theory, investigates the impact of community satisfaction and identification on customer value co-creation behaviors and further explores how the reciprocity norm moderates these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Our research data were collected from users across multiple brand communities, totaling 481 survey responses. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

These results provide in-depth insights into the nexus between user-community relationships and customer value co-creation behaviors. While community satisfaction and identification positively influence co-creation, their effects vary across different value co-creation behaviors. Notably, the reciprocity norm within the community dampens the relationship between community satisfaction and value co-creation behaviors.

Originality/value

Unlike previous studies focusing on customer value co-creation behaviors, our research emphasizes social exchange, unveiling the mechanisms behind customer value co-creation. Our findings not only enrich the body of knowledge on customer value co-creation but also deepen our understanding of online collective behavior and knowledge sharing, offering valuable insights for the development of virtual communities.
Design and optimization of a domestic solar dryer: an analytical approach
Authors: Shimpy Shimpy , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Food loss and wastage is an issue of global concern and the household sector is one of the biggest contributors to this. Solar drying has been explored by many eminent researchers as a solution to this problem but there have been concerns about the lack in designs, higher cost, lower performance, and consumer acceptability. The present research aims to design a small-scale domestic solar dryer by using computer software.

Design/methodology/approach

Response surface methodology (RSM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used to design the domestic solar dryer. Initially, design variables (inlet and outlet vent height) are identified and a design of experiments has been created using RSM for set of experimental runs. The experimental runs suggested by RSM were carried out using CFD simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics software and the results were used for optimization of response variables (outlet velocity and drying chamber temperature) in RSM.

Findings

Outlet vent height was found to be most significantly affecting parameter to both the responses. The optimum values of inlet and outlet vent heights were 0.5 and 2.5 cm, respectively with the overall desirability of 0.728. The model accuracy was tested by conducting a confirmation test as post processing in design expert software.

Originality/value

Designing a solar dryer is a complex, costly and time consuming process, this study presents an easy, economic and fast method to design a new solar dryer. It would help researchers to design and develop new domestic as well as large size industrial solar dryer.
Cultivating workplace fairness: the ripple effect of organizational justice on work withdrawal, incivility as the mediator
Authors: Gupta Supriya , Sharma Ranjana , Gupta Aditi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of employees' perceptions of organizational justice on workplace incivility and work withdrawal behaviours within the hotel industry. Additionally, the study aims to explore the mediating role of incivility in the relationship between organizational justice and work withdrawal behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for this study were collected from 213 employees in the hotel industry using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were then analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the relationships between organizational justice, incivility and work withdrawal behaviour.

Findings

The study reveals that perceptions of organizational justice directly impact workplace incivility and indirectly affect work withdrawal behaviour. Specifically, low perceptions of organizational justice are associated with increased incidences of uncivil behaviour among employees, which, in turn, have detrimental effects on their work withdrawal behaviours.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the intricate relationships between organizational justice, workplace incivility and work withdrawal behaviour within the hotel industry context. Moreover, it highlights the importance of addressing both organizational justice perceptions and incivility to foster positive employee outcomes and organizational well-being, particularly in environments characterized by changing contextual conditions.
Influence of ionic liquid/liquid metals on the lubrication properties of lithium grease
Authors: Wen Maosheng , Hu En Zhu , Fei Xingpeng , Hu Kunhong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to use an ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM]PF6) to improve the lubrication performance of liquid metal (LM) as a lithium grease additive and to expand the application range of LM.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the different mass ratios of [HMIM]PF6/LM mixtures were added into the lithium grease on a four-ball tribo-meter to investigate the effects of its tribological behavior. Scanning electron mircoscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to reveal the anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism of the additives.

Findings

When the load was used at 461 N, the average coefficient of friction (ACOF) and average wear scar diameter (AWSD) of steel ball Lubricated with grease with an optimal ratio of 2:3 ([HMIM]PF6/LM) were reduced by 32.8% and 30.5%, respectively. Friction and wear mechanisms are ascribed to friction-induced additive components that can simultaneously form a composite lubrication film consisting of FePO4, FeF3, Ga2O3, In2O3 and SnO2.

Research limitations/implications

Compared with the pure lithium-based grease, when [HMIM]PF6/LM was added with an optimal ratio of 2:3, the ACOF and AWSD were reduced by 12.4% from 0.097 to 0.085 and 23.8% from 552.117 µm to 420.590 µm under 392 N, respectively. When at 461 N, the ACOF and AWSD of steel ball were reduced by 32.8% from 0.122 to 0.082 and 30.5% from 715.714 µm to 497.472 µm, respectively. It was shown that the simultaneous addition of LM and [HMIM]PF6 can form a composite lubrication film consisting of FePO4, FeF3, Ga2O3, In2O3 and SnO2.

Originality/value

In this paper, [HMIM]P F6 is added with LM simultaneously to improve the lubrication properties of lithium grease, and expand the application scope of LM.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0017/
The role of food-related consideration of future consequences, health and environmental concerns in explaining sustainable food (fish) attitudes
Authors: Tuu Ho Huy , Khoi Nguyen Huu
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study explores the direct and indirect effects of two components of food-related consideration of future consequences (CFCs), including CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future, on sustainable food attitudes (SFA) via food-related health and environmental concerns.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used on a data set of 664 Vietnamese consumers collected in Central Vietnam to evaluate measurement and structural models.

Findings

CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future as well as health and environmental concerns have positive effects on SFA. Indirect effects of CFC-Immediate on SFA via health concerns and CFC-Future on SFA via health/environmental concerns are also discovered.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies should examine the impact of environmental values on CFCs, forming a more comprehensive understanding regarding the relationship between the two variables, especially by including a wider range of sustainable food types to gain diverse knowledge about sustainable food consumption.

Practical implications

Communicative messages should focus on both health and environmental concerns while emphasizing both immediate and more distant outcomes of sustainable food (fish) consumption for individuals with different dominant temporal orientations.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on the direct and hierarchical relationships among food-related CFCs, health and environmental concerns and SFA to better understand the intricate psychological process of sustainable food consumption.
Exploring the impact of gamified elements on college students' learning in virtual learning communities
Authors: Yang Yongzhong , Yu Aixian , Li JinJing , Shafi Mohsin , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Gamification has emerged as a dynamic force in education, with increasing interest in its impact on college students' learning. Most previous research regards gamification as a single element and only focuses on the cognitive level of gamification elements, lacking an overall exploration of the impact mechanism of gamification elements. Against the backdrop of virtual learning communities, we apply the cognition-affection-conation theory to examine the influence of various gamification elements on college students' online learning behaviors, examining both cognitive and affective pathways.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a predefined questionnaire from 11 Chinese virtual learning communities, with 587 respondents participating in the study. SmartPLS was employed to conduct a Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis of the research model and test the hypotheses.

Findings

Our findings reveal that immersion and achievement-oriented gamification elements positively impact learning behavior. Conversely, the social gamification element exhibits a negative influence due to social burnout within virtual learning communities. This study pioneers a model to understand the intricate influence mechanisms of gamification elements on college students' online learning behaviors. The model contributes to the enriched exploration and practical application of college students' learning behaviors in virtual learning communities.

Originality/value

Unlike previous studies that often treat gamification as a single element and focus solely on cognitive aspects, this research explores both cognitive and affective pathways using cognition-affection-conation theory. By examining the influence of various gamification elements on college students' online learning behaviors in virtual learning communities, this study provides nuanced insights. In particular, immersion and achievement-oriented gamification elements positively impact learning behavior, while social gamification elements have a negative influence due to social burnout. This comprehensive approach deepens our understanding of how gamification affects students' learning experiences, enriches knowledge, and provides practical insights for educators and instructional designers.
Redefining resilience: insights into project management’s capabilities of organisations through the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Malik Sheraz Alam , Bustami Rami
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To better understand the resilience of project management (PM) companies post-pandemic and gain insights into the interplay of the level of preparation, the status of the project and the size of the company.

Design/methodology/approach

Logistic regression was used to analyse the data from 285 companies belonging to more than 7 sectors to understand the crucial factors required to have above-standard project performance post-pandemic.

Findings

Higher project performance was observed in companies with more than 30 years of experience, whereas company history, target group or PM activity did not predict better project performance. The retail sector is leading across all the sectors, whereas the majority of companies have still not recovered from the pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

New factors like planning and controlling phases in PM are identified in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) settings to be most impacted post-pandemic, whereas size and length of being in business are other key variables highlighted in this research for better PM performance post-pandemic.

Originality/value

A large-scale analysis of 285 Saudi companies is quite novel in scale and innovation. This cross-sector empirical research highlights key areas of consideration post-pandemic, which were missing from the narrative due to access and emerging issues earlier.
Deviant unicorns: monocerate and dicerate versions of Carlotta Roewer, 1943 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with description of four new species from Eastern Brazil
Authors: Kury Adriano Brilhante , Mendes Amanda Cruz
Published: May 2024

In this study, the understanding of the harvestman genus Carlotta Roewer, 1943, is expanded. Carlotta currently comprises two species found in central Espírito Santo state. The descriptions of the existing Carlotta species have been supplemented, including genital morphology. Four new species are herein described—Carlotta beckeri sp. nov., Carlotta bicornis sp. nov., Carlotta iohannis sp. nov. and Carlotta obtortrix sp. nov.—extending the range of the genus both southwards and northwards from southern Espírito Santo to southern Bahia. Among the new findings, a unique trait is exhibited by two species: a pair of spines on the ocularium (dicerate), in contrast to a single spine (monocerate). This variation is significant, as the number of spines on the ocularium plays a crucial role in the Roewerian diagnosis for the genus. The characterisation of the genital morphology of Carlotta species is refined, with the identification and naming of two distinctive structures: the dilophium—two parallel lamellate ridges along the disto‐ventral surface of the stylus, terminating in a broader loop—and the skeletal flabellum—a framework of arched cylindrical tapering branches with multiple ramifications. By shedding light on these newly identified structures, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity and evolutionary traits within the Gonyleptidae is contributed through this study.
Continuing professional development training needs of allied health professionals in regional and rural Victoria
Authors: Pang Michael , Sayner Alesha , McKenzie Kylie
Published: May 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to identify continuing professional development (CPD) needs of allied health professionals (AHP) in regional and rural Victoria.

Design

This study was an online cross‐sectional design conducted between December 2022 and February 2023.

Settings and Participants

AHPs employed at a large multi‐site regional public health service providing acute, subacute, community and outpatient care in Victoria, Australia.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The online questionnaire included four sections investigating satisfaction of CPD, prioritised topics for CPD, preference for CPD sourcing and perceived capabilities in delivering education. To investigate prioritised topics of CPD, a tool was adapted from the Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis questionnaire to align with allied health (AH) career pathways. For organisational alignment, a second questionnaire was sent to AH managers.

Results

The response rate was 17% (53/316 AHPs) from members of 10 AH professions. The median years of clinical experience for participants was between 2 and 5 years. Participants with 6–10 years of clinical experience reported the lowest level of satisfaction. Research and education were identified as areas of highest training need. Self‐perceived competence in education delivery was proportionately lower in areas of assessment, developing digital learning and constructive alignment.

Conclusion

CPD needs for AHPs in a regional and rural health service were shown to vary by career stage and weighted towards developing research and education delivery capabilities. Findings from this study may support public health sector and policy investment in CPD opportunities to support horizontal career progression opportunities, a balance of internal and externally sourced professional development and strategic investment in education delivery capabilities.
Identifying the top 10 priorities of adolescents with a physical disability regarding participation in physical activity: A Delphi study
Authors: Brady Karen , Cleary Ronan , O'Gorman Eva , McDonough Suzanne , Kerr Claire , Kiernan Damien , McConkey Elaine , Ryan Jennifer , Malone Ailish
Published: May 2024

Aim

To establish consensus among adolescents with a physical disability regarding their priorities for enhancing participation in physical activity and help inform the design of future interventions for participation in physical activity.

Method

We conducted a national multi‐round Delphi study involving adolescents with a physical disability aged 13 to 17 years. Round 1 of the initial survey consisted of open‐ended questions. Free‐text responses were then analysed thematically, creating items categorized according to the family of participation‐related constructs (fPRC). In round 2, participants rated the perceived importance of these items using a 5‐point Likert scale. The top 10 priorities were constructed from the highest‐ranked items.

Results

One hundred and sixteen participants (mean age = 14 years 7 months, range = 13–17 years; 66 males; 58 with cerebral palsy; 43 wheelchair users) completed round 1; 108 items were included in round 2. Fifty‐eight items were rated as either ‘important’ or ‘really important’ by 70% of participants. The top 10 priorities were rated as important or really important by 82% to 94% of participants with a mean Likert score of 4.40 (range = 4.25–4.63). Seven of the top 10 priorities were related to the environmental context of the fPRC. The other three were related to involvement and the related concept of preference.

Interpretation

The priorities identified will help inform future physical activity interventions for adolescents with a physical disability.
Perceptions of physicians on the use of screening tools for mental disorders in primary health care in Brazil
Authors: Bruzeguini Meirielli Vieira , Viana Maria Carmen , Sarti Thiago Dias
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to analyse perceptions, knowledge and ways of incorporating screening tools for mental disorders (MDs) into the daily practice of physicians working in primary health care (PHC) in the Brazilian public health system.

Methods

This is a descriptive qualitative study with a sample of 24 physicians. The data collected in the semi‐structured interviews were subjected to reflective thematic analysis.

Results

The use of screening tools was low, not only due to lack of knowledge, but also due to reasoned criticism of this strategy developed by physicians trained in PHC. Physicians also presented a scenario of chaos, work overload and the fragility of the psychosocial care network as barriers to effective care of patients with MDs and to the incorporation of innovations in this care.

Conclusions

Interventions aimed at improving the quality of mental health care should include training on the topic, (re)organizing work processes, strengthening the health care network and producing robust scientific evidence on interventions aimed at qualifying professionals in mental health in PHC.
How the EU Soil Observatory is providing solid science for healthy soils
Authors: Panagos Panos , Broothaerts Nils , Ballabio Cristiano , Orgiazzi Alberto , De Rosa Daniele , Borrelli Pasquale , Liakos Leonidas , Vieira Diana , Van Eynde Elise , Arias Navarro Cristina , Breure Timo , Fendrich Arthur , Köninger Julia , Labouyrie Maeva , Matthews Francis , Muntwyler Anna , Jimenez Juan Martin , Wojda Piotr , Yunta Felipe , Marechal Anne , Sala Serenella , Jones Arwyn
Published: May 2024

Healthy soils are essential for sustainable food production, achieving climate neutrality and halting the loss of biodiversity. The European Commission turned the spotlights on these vital aspects of soils with the launch of the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO) in 2021 to support the European Green Deal. Also, the EU Soil Strategy for 2030 and the proposed Soil Monitoring Law marked a major milestone for soil protection. This article provides an overview of the functioning of the EUSO within this policy context. Through its activities, the EUSO supports an EU‐wide soil monitoring system and provides policy support to a wide range of policy areas. Moreover, the EUSO monitors the state of soil health in the EU through the EUSO Soil Health Dashboard. This comprehensive and easy understandable tool shows, for the first time, where current scientific evidence converges to indicate areas in the EU likely to be affected by soil degradation. Furthermore, the EUSO supports soil research and innovation, enhances the capacity and functionality of the European Soil Data Centre and supports citizen engagements regarding soil matters. Overall, since 2021, the EUSO has successfully taken up its role to be the principal knowledge hub for soil information and data to underpin EU policy development and implementation. Also in the next years, EUSO will continue to provide data and knowledge to monitor, safeguard and restore soils in the EU.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bellanti Roberto , Rinaldi Simon
Published: May 2024

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a potentially devastating yet treatable disorder. A classically postinfectious, immune‐mediated, monophasic polyradiculoneuropathy, it is the leading global cause of acquired neuromuscular paralysis. In most cases, the immunopathological process driving nerve injury is ill‐defined. Diagnosis of GBS relies on clinical features, supported by laboratory findings and electrophysiology. Although previously divided into primary demyelinating or axonal variants, this dichotomy is increasingly challenged, and is not endorsed by the recent European Academy of Neurology (EAN)/Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) guidelines. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange remain the primary modalities of treatment, regardless of the electrophysiological subtype. Most patients recover, but approximately one‐third require mechanical ventilation, and 5% die. Disease activity and treatment response are currently monitored through interval neurological examination and outcome measures, and the potential role of fluid biomarkers is under ongoing scrutiny. Novel potential therapies for GBS are being explored but none have yet modified clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathological and clinical aspects of GBS for clinicians and scientists.
Social support for young people with eating disorders—An integrative review
Authors: Ramjan Lucie M. , Smith Brandon W. , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Pathrose Sheeja Perumbil , Hay Phillipa J.
Published: May 2024

Eating disorder treatment should be underpinned by a recovery‐oriented approach, be therapeutic, personalised and trauma informed. Within such models of care, social support is an important factor to explore in terms of its influence in supporting hope for recovery, reducing stigma, and mitigating life stressors. Limited research has been conducted to understand the types of social support that are available to young people formally diagnosed with an eating disorder, their feasibility and acceptability and the positive outcomes. This integrative review sought to explore the positive outcomes of social support or social support programs for young people with eating disorders. An integrative review was conducted based on a search of five electronic databases from inception to 31 March 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools and findings have been narratively synthesised and presented in accordance with the review's aims and questions. Seven studies (total 429 individuals, range 3–160) published between 2001 and 2023 were included in the final synthesis. Overall social support interventions showed promising preliminary evidence as a feasible and acceptable adjunct to treatment for young people with an eating disorder motivated to change, with some clinical improvements in psychopathology. Social support augmented existing relationships, providing a human element of open dialogue, friendship and a sense of hope for recovery. Despite the small number and heterogeneity of the studies, this review has highlighted some promising preliminary benefits. Future treatment for eating disorders should embrace adjunct modalities that enhance psychosocial recovery for young people with eating disorders.
Assessment of photobiomodulation by a 660‐nm diode laser on the reversal of soft tissue anesthesia in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Othman Hend Y. , Sharaf Aly A. , Abdelghany Hayam M. , Abd El Rahman Amina M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Soft tissue anesthesia (STA) following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia lasts 3–5 h. It is important to reverse STA after treatment to prevent soft tissue injury (STI).

Aim

This study evaluated photobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser on STA reversal and its impact on STI following IANB anesthesia.

Design

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 32 children, aged 5–8 years, allocated into the test and control groups. Anesthesia was administered; the operative procedure was performed followed by exposure to laser. STA reversal was monitored through lip tapping, current perception threshold (CPT) tests, and paediatric Functional Assessment Battery.

Results

The test group showed significantly faster recovery to normal sensation following exposure to laser than the control group which did not undergo any reversal (p < .0001), with a median time of 115 and 60 min according to lip tapping and CPT tests, respectively. The test group also showed significantly faster recovery to normal function (p = .016). The incidence of STI in the form of redness was significantly higher in the control group (p = .022).

Conclusion

Photobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser can be considered as an efficient approach to minimize STA and STI after dental interventions.
In situ study of the effect of endogenous and exogenous agents on color stability, hardness, and surface roughness of an elastomer for facial prostheses
Authors: Quadros Laura Cristina Silveira , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia Helena , Dotto Marta Elisa Rosso , Ribeiro Juliana Silva , Soto Artur Ferronato , Duque Thais Mageste , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique , Coelho Sérgio Murilo , Badaró Maurício Malheiros
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate in situ the influence of sweat, oil, sunscreen, and disinfectant solution on the color stability, hardness, and roughness of elastomer for facial prostheses.

Materials and methods

Standardized and intrinsically pigmented specimens remained in contact with human skin from the same person for 30 days, considering exposures (n = 36 per group), absent of exposition (Control, C); sweat and oiliness contact (SO); sweat and oiliness associated with sunscreen (SOS); 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate immersion (CD0.12%); and all agents exposed (SOSCD). The main variables were color change (CIELab and National Standard Bureau system, NBS), Shore A hardness, and surface roughness, measured at baseline and 30 days. Qualitative analyses were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis tests (color) and two‐way ANOVA (hardness and roughness) with Sidak post‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

CD0.12% (1.54 ± 0.49) and SOSCD (2.10 ± 1.03) had similar effects and caused the smallest color changes, considered mild and noticeable (NBS), respectively. SOS promoted the greatest color change (6.99 ± 1.43, NBS: large) and hardness (17.97 ± 0.56); SOS promoted intermediate roughness (3.48 ± 1.05) between SOSCD (2.25 ± 0.53), and two similar groups: C (4.46 ± 0.95), and CD0.12% (4.39 ± 1.26). The qualitative analysis showed an irregular, dense, dry, and whitish layer on the surface of the specimens exposed to sunscreen, which was reduced when in contact with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate.

Conclusions

Endogenous and exogenous factors are capable of altering elastomer properties. The 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate minimized the changes caused by sweat, oil, and sunscreen.
Local adaptation of Pinus leiophylla under climate and land use change models in the Avocado Belt of Michoacán
Authors: Izaguirre‐Toriz Vanessa , Aguirre‐Liguori Jonás A. , Latorre‐Cárdenas María Camila , Arima Eugenio Y. , González‐Rodríguez Antonio
Published: May 2024

Climate change and land use change are two main drivers of global biodiversity decline, decreasing the genetic diversity that populations harbour and altering patterns of local adaptation. Landscape genomics allows measuring the effect of these anthropogenic disturbances on the adaptation of populations. However, both factors have rarely been considered simultaneously. Based on a set of 3660 SNPs from which 130 were identified as outliers by a genome–environment association analysis (LFMM), we modelled the spatial turnover of allele frequencies in 19 localities of Pinus leiophylla across the Avocado Belt in Michoacán state, Mexico. Then, we evaluated the effect of climate change and land use change scenarios, in addition to evaluating assisted gene flow strategies and connectivity metrics across the landscape to identify priority conservation areas for the species. We found that localities in the centre‐east of the Avocado Belt would be more vulnerable to climate change, while localities in the western area are more threatened by land conversion to avocado orchards. Assisted gene flow actions could aid in mitigating both threats. Connectivity patterns among forest patches will also be modified by future habitat loss, with central and eastern parts of the Avocado Belt maintaining the highest connectivity. These results suggest that areas with the highest priority for conservation are in the eastern part of the Avocado Belt, including the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. This work is useful as a framework that incorporates distinct layers of information to provide a more robust representation of the response of tree populations to anthropogenic disturbances.
A visual inspection and diagnosis system for bridge rivets based on a convolutional neural network
Authors: Jiang Tengjiao , Frøseth Gunnstein T. , Rønnquist Anders , Kong Xuan , Deng Lu
Published: May 2024

Rivets are critical mechanical fasteners in steel bridges, and rivet defects may cause catastrophic failure. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based inspection system for fast rivet identification and diagnosis. Rivet states are classified as normal, rusted, loose, and missing. A CNN‐based training workflow was introduced to develop a reliable rivet diagnosis system. A multiscale moving window searching technique was proposed to solve the challenge of small rivet identification. A continuous dataset enrichment strategy was applied, which improves training efficiency and minimizes training time. The model performance was assessed based on a historical bridge in Gjerstad. The proposed multiscale moving window searching technique significantly enhances the rivet identification rate to 96.3%. The classification accuracy and model robustness were evaluated, and conditions leading to unidentified rivets were discussed and summarized.
CT‐based radiomics analysis of different machine learning models for differentiating gnathic fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma
Authors: Zhang Ao‐bo , Zhao Jun‐ru , Wang Shuo , Xue Jiang , Zhang Jian‐yun , Sun Zhi‐peng , Sun Li‐sha , Li Tie‐jun
Published: May 2024

Objective

In this study, our aim was to develop and validate the effectiveness of diverse radiomic models for distinguishing between gnathic fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) before surgery.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled 220 patients with confirmed FD or OF. We extracted radiomic features from nonenhanced CT images. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, we constructed radiomic models using logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and eXtreme gradient boosting. We then identified the best radiomic model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After combining radiomics features with clinical features, we developed a comprehensive model. ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the models' robustness and clinical value.

Results

We extracted 1834 radiomic features from CT images, reduced them to eight valuable features, and achieved high predictive efficiency, with area under curves (AUC) exceeding 0.95 for all the models. Ultimately, our combined model, which integrates radiomic and clinical data, displayed superior discriminatory ability (AUC: training cohort 0.970; test cohort 0.967). DCA highlighted its optimal clinical efficacy.

Conclusion

Our combined model effectively differentiates between FD and OF, offering a noninvasive and efficient approach to clinical decision‐making.
Transcription factors as molecular switches regulating plant responses to drought stress
Authors: Wei Han , Wang Xiao , Wang Kaitong , Tang Xun , Zhang Ning , Si Huaijun
Published: May 2024

Plants often experience abiotic stress, which severely affects their growth. With the advent of global warming, drought stress has become a pivotal factor affecting crop yield and quality. Increasing numbers of studies have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress. As molecular switches, transcription factors (TFs) are key participants in drought‐resistance regulatory networks in crops. TFs regulate the transcription of downstream genes and are regulated by various upstream regulatory factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of TFs in regulating drought stress can help enhance the adaptive capacity of crops under drought conditions. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of several common TFs, their multiple drought‐response pathways, and recently employed research strategies. We describe the application of new technologies such as analysis of stress granule dynamics and function, multi‐omics data, gene editing, and molecular crosstalk between TFs in drought resistance. This review aims to familiarize readers with the regulatory network of TFs in drought resistance and to provide a reference for examining the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in plants and improving agronomic traits.
World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (WABIP) guidelines on airway stenting for malignant central airway obstruction
Authors: Chaddha Udit , Agrawal Abhinav , Kurman Jonathan , Ortiz‐Comino Rosamaria , Dutau Herve , Freitag Lutz , Trisolini Rocco , Dooms Christophe , Zuccatosta Lina , Gasparini Stefano , Herth Felix , Saka Hideo , Lee Pyng , Fielding David , Oki Masahide , Rosell Antoni , Murgu Septimiu
Published: May 2024

Malignant Central Airway Obstruction (MCAO) encompasses significant and symptomatic narrowing of the central airways that can occur due to primary lung cancer or metastatic disease. Therapeutic bronchoscopy is associated with high technical success and symptomatic relief and includes a wide range of airway interventions including airway stents. Published literature suggests that stenting practices vary significantly across the world primarily due to lack of guidance. This document aims to address this knowledge gap by addressing relevant questions related to airway stenting in MCAO. An international group of 17 experts from 17 institutions across 11 countries with experience in using airway stenting for MCAO was convened as part of this guideline statement through the World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (WABIP). We performed a literature and internet search for reports addressing six clinically relevant questions. This guideline statement, consisting of recommendations addressing these six PICO questions, was formulated by a systematic and rigorous process involving the evaluation of published evidence, augmented with expert experience when necessary. Panel members participated in the development of the final recommendations using the modified Delphi technique.

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Identification of the novel HLA‐DRB1*11:298 allele in a Chinese cord blood donor
Authors: He Yanmin , Wu Zhipan , Zhao Shuoxian , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: May 2024

HLA‐DRB1*11:298 shows one single nucleotide substitution at position 397 T>G compared with HLA‐DRB1*11:01:01:01.
The novel HLA‐C*14:155 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Lin Chuan‐ming , Xin Liu‐yan , An Lin , Li Ye‐mo , Chen Yi‐jian
Published: May 2024

HLA‐C*14:155 differs from HLA‐C*14:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 1.
Detection of novel HLA alleles by Next‐Generation Sequencing in the Croatian population
Authors: Jukic Lucija , Maskalan Marija , Grubic Zorana , Stingl Jankovic Katarina , Kamenaric Marija Burek , Zunec Renata
Published: May 2024

The introduction of Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) methodology in the histocompatibility testing for both allo‐HSCT and solid organ transplantation enables the sequencing of all HLA genes, which in turn leads to the discovery of many new HLA alleles. Over the last 3 years, we have identified 28 novel alleles (HLA‐A*02:1079, A*03:01:01:112, A*11:01:01:83, A*11:01:01:87, A*24:595, A*68:01:01:15, B*07:02:01:107, B*08:01:01:67, B*08:01:01:69, B*13:02:01:25, B*15:01:82, B*15:18:08, B*18:01:01:76, B*27:02:06, B*27:05:02:34, B*40:06:01:17, B*40:517, C*04:01:01:173, C*04:477, C*05:276, C*07:01:01:130, C*12:03:80, C*12:03:01:62, DQA1*05:01:01:10, DPB1*13:01:07, DPB1*1146:01, DPB1*1456:01 and DPB1*1514:01) using the NGS method. The presented data emphasises the benefits gained by the utilisation of the NGS‐based techniques in HLA genotyping but also provides new insight on the HLA polymorphism in the Croatian population.
SRS 16‐86 promotes diabetic nephropathy recovery by regulating ferroptosis
Authors: Qiao Yingchun , Sun Chao , Kan Shunli , He Lu , Wang Yawen , Gao Huajun , Zhang Yingying , Cheng You , Wang Shuai , Zhao Long , Niu Wenyan
Published: May 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and cell death plays an important role. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of iron‐dependent cell death and one that is different from other kinds of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis. However, ferroptosis has not been described in the context of DN. This study explored the role of ferroptosis in DN pathophysiology and aimed to confirm the efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 on DN. Streptozotocin injection was used to establish the DM and DN animal models. To investigate the presence or occurrence of ferroptosis in DN, we assessed the concentrations of iron, reactive oxygen species and specific markers associated with ferroptosis in a rat model of DN. Additionally, we performed haematoxylin–eosin staining, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and kidney function analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 in ameliorating DN. We found that SRS 16‐86 could improve the recovery of renal function after DN by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4, glutathione and system xc−light chain and by downregulating the lipid peroxidation markers and 4‐hydroxynonenal. SRS 16‐86 treatment could improve renal organization after DN. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were significantly decreased following SRS 16‐86 treatment after DN. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between ferroptosis and the pathological mechanism of DN. The efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 in DN repair supports its use as a new therapeutic treatment for DN.