bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os lusoafricanos e etnorurais disputam o poder na Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Jauará Manuel
Published: June 2022

Neste trabalho procuraremos mostrar como a complexidade da composição étnica e a falta da devida atenção a esta complexidade transformou-se numa das causas centrais da dificuldade do processo da construção da nação e da instabilidade política freqüente da Guiné-Bissau. Este fenômeno persiste e perpassa o período colonial (até 1974), pós-colonial, período do partido único, PAIGC – Partido Africano para Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (1974 1994) e ainda no período do pluralismo partidário. Depois das eleições pluripartidárias no leste europeu e do vento das mudanças ter atingido o continente africano, o partido no poder aprovou um novo diploma legislativo que instituiu o pluripartidarismo no país desde 1991 e marcou as primeiras eleições gerais pluripartidárias para 1994. A relação entre a elite luso-africana (crioula) e as etnorurais (etnias rurais) tem sido complexa e de difícil apreensão. Centraremos a nossa atenção na análise e descrição das principais tensões políticas surgidas entre as elites luso-africanas e as lideranças etnorurais, aqui entendidas como o enfrentamento da elite crioula, urbanizada e letrada, com a liderança espiritual e política tradicional das etnias que ainda vivem nas tabancas (aldeias).
O espaço urbano no contexto colonial: o caso de Luanda
Authors: Brandão Fernando Augusto Albuquerque
Published: June 2022

No plano universal nosso estudo pode caracterizar-se como um estudo e discussão da utilização do urbanismo como elemento caracterizador de uma estrutura de poder em termos da evolução do processo histórico na perspectiva da inserção do país colonizador no plano internacional, segundo cada época, levando-se em conta as variáveis classe e origemafricana e européia dos moradores. O sentido do processo, ou sentido da urbanização surge preferencialmente entre um corte e outro ao longo do tempo, mostrando as inserções no plano externo e no plano interno. Essa relação reflete normalmente uma visão do ‘nós’ e do ‘outro’. Na tentativa de evitar uma análise da sociedade luandense a partir das idéias centrais do que se aceita normalmente como linhas do processo colonial português um conjunto de idéias-força ligadas a uma concepção de cunho ideológico –, optamos pela realização de uma pesquisa visando surpreender o sentido de um período de transição entre dois momentos do processo colonial: o fim do tráfico da escravatura, no final da primeira metade do século XIX, e a inserção da colônia no processo capitalista internacional, na segunda metade do século XX. A análise demográfica é utilizada para uma melhor caracterização ou do espaço global de Angola e, num segundo momento, do de Luanda, possibilitando também verificar a importância do aglomerado urbano luandense no contexto da colônia, aspecto que sofre alterações ao longo do tempo. A distribuição espacial da população segundo os grupos somáticos, quer em relação ao espaço de Angola, quer em relação ao espaço urbano da colônia, revela pontos da máxima importância para a compreensão do processo colonial.
Structures and strictures: a re-reading of Oladejo Okediji’s “Rere Run”
Authors: Coker Oluwole
Published: June 2022

Críticas teórico-literárias são expostas neste ensaio como centrais para a preocupação temática de um dramaturgo indígena, Oladejo Okediji na sua obra Rere Run. Para este fim, estéticas Marxistas como as evidenciadas na formação dos conflitos econômicos, são justapostas como caracterização na avaliação da visão artística do dramaturgo. Este ensaio explora o universo do drama e tira, sutilmente, a similitude na preocupação literária de uma literatura de terceiro mundo e de uma teorização literária contemporânea. Há uma tentativa consciente em redefinir a poética para literaturas que são escritas em idiomas indígenas como ioruba.
A semiotic study of court poetry performance in Nigeria: text and context
Authors: Jegede Olutoyin Bimpe
Published: June 2022

A tradição e desempenho de poesia de corte na Nigéria são populares. Este trabalho examina seu desempenho em quatro localidades geográficas onde a monarquia é operativa. Observa-se que a performance da poesia de corte consiste em sistemas de comunicação implícitos e explícitos: lingüístico, paralinguístico, sinestésico e para-sinestésico. Estas características moldam essa poesia de corte. É contra esta experiência que este trabalho discute o processo de intercâmbio no âmbito da poesia de corte na Nigéria. Destaca em particular como fatores de sinestesia, que é responsável para a comunicação de movimentos do corpo tal como gestos, posturas, silêncios e pausas, entram em relação mútua com a linguagem literária na construção do significado. O trabalho também revela que na performance de poesia de corte, o contexto e o talento do poeta em grande parte influencia sua capacidade de construir e reconstruir seu texto. Também mostra que a característica de cada desempenho determina seu texto e contexto.
A disgraceful journey into nothingness: criticism and interpretation – South Africa in literature – culture of violence and post-apartheid theid through “Disgrace” from J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Ommundsen Ludmila
Published: June 2022

Enraizado na África do Sul dos anos pós-apartheid e Pós-Comissão-Verdade-e-Reconciliação, o romance Disgrace (1999) de J. M. Coetzee ilustra a dificuldade de desfazer uma cultura da violência. O personagem central, David Lurie, passa por uma crise do intelectual branco da classe média experimentando uma época histórica em que minorias e gruposoprimidos começam a falar por si mesmos, portanto corroendo a hegemonia do sujeito branco detentor do saber. Sendo uma encarnação do peregrino, sua jornada através da nova África do Sul torna-se extremamente tortuosa. Abrindo caminho através de um território inopinado, ela se semelha a um rito de passagem. Embora David Lurie possa ser visto como abandonando um modelo e oferecendo-se a possibilidade de elaborar sua própria história, tal o byronico Don Juan, ele segue ao encontro de uma história distorcida. Transcendendo textualidade e humanidade, chegando à não-existência, o mundo de Disgrace revela uma história inapropriada.
Imprensa e política africana no Brasil: uma análise dos governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudio Oliveira
Published: June 2022

O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar como o periódico O Estado de S. Paulo, na condição de ator político não estatal, interpretou e se posicionou em face da política externa dos governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart para a África. Para tanto, focaliza o posicionamento do Estado brasileiro diante do processo de descolonização da África, no período de 1961 a 1964. Tem como problemática o fato de que a política externa exercida pelo Estado brasileiro, em vista das oscilações ocorridas na política interna do país durante o período em questão – troca de governos, do corpo ministerial e alteração do regime político –, estabeleceu uma relação bastante próxima com a imprensa escrita.
Perspectivization in fiction: a deictic study of Wole Soyinka´s "Ake"
Authors: Odebunmi Akin , Olaniyan K.K.
Published: June 2022

The study of linguistics of literary discourse is a recent development in the global spread. Until 1982, efforts made in the seventies in this direction were by literary critics such as Chatman (1978), Ehrlich (1990), Fludernik (1993) and Mey (2000). No work that we are aware of has specifically studied how characters in fiction have been focalized through deictics alone. The common trend is that deictic features are taken along with other linguistic elements. Given the high place deictics occupy in human communication, it is essential to isolate them for study to explore the degree at which they influence character projection in fiction. This work will therefore not only add to the material on this area, it will also facilitate character appreciation in fictive works. The text, Ake, is extensively studied, and only the deictics that occur in conversations between characters are sampled. Examples of deictic usage are picked randomly to exemplify deictics of time, place and time as they occur in the text.
L´epigraphe comme lieu de transgressions esthetiques dans le petit Prince de Bellevile, de Calixthe Beyaba
Authors: Sidibé Charles Adolphe
Published: June 2022

Calixthe Beyala est une romancière franco-camerounaise qui a beaucoup écrit. En outre, c'est un personnage public très controversé. C'est pourquoi, les accusations de plagiat portées contre elle ont eu une résonance toute particulière. Dans son roman Le petit prince de Belleville, par ailleurs le plus mis en cause, elle recourt à l’épigraphe comme élément narratif. Notre propos vise à montrer que l’usage, qu'elle en fait, est la marque d'une écriture originale. Car chez elle, l’épigraphe est tour à tour transformée tantôt en fiction, tantôt en poème avec de nouvelles fonctions et des significations singulières.
Conflitos da dinastia Guterres através da sua cronologia
Authors: Campos Fernando
Published: June 2022

O estudo dos conflitos ocorridos no Reino de Jinga durante a Dinastia Guterres não pode dispensar o domínio da cronologia desta Dinastia. Baseado na informação dos historiadores Cadornega, Cavazzi, outros, e ainda na documentação existente nos arquivos de Portugal e Angola, o autor recompõe a série dos Reis de Angola pertencentes à Dinastia Guterres que durante cerca de um século governou em Jinga. Além de proceder à identificação e ordenação desses Reis, o autor procede ao estabelecimento da cronologia dos respectivos reinados, preocupando-se assim em fornecer aos historiadores uma base de apoio que faltava para os seus trabalhos. Por outro lado oferece aos jovens que se debruçarem sobre a história de Angola, uma nomenclatura dinástica que inclui reis de certa época (sécs. XVII / XVIII), de quem ouviram falar em termos confusos ou mesmo de quem nunca ouviram falar. A Dinastia Guterres tem início em 1669 com a eleição do Rei D. João I (D. João Guterres Ngola Kanini), descendente de Ngola Kiluanji I, um rei da proto-história de Angola. O estudo genealógico e cronológico dos reis que se lhe seguiram, foi feito com alguma exaustão pelo autor em textos inéditos que são mencionados. A última Rainha que usou o apelido Guterres foi D. Ana III, falecida em golpe-de-estado em 1767. A partir dessa data passou a haver dois reinados paralelos. O Reino de Jinga fraccionou-se em dois Estados de diferente amplitude, sendo o mais amplo dirigido por D. Francisco II (D. Francisco Kaluete ka Mbandi), sobrinho da falecida Rainha, e o outro Estado, centralizado à volta das Ilhas do Rio Kuanza, dirigido por D. Kamana, filha da mesma Rainha D. Ana III. Os seus reinados terão terminado cerca de 1810, provável data em que foi eleito Rei único de Jinga, o filho de D. Kamana chamado Ndala a Kamana. Este dirigiu o Reino unificado até cerca de 1833. Embora estes últimos citados Reis fossem descendentes de D. João I, já não portavam consigo o apelido Guterres que vinculava aos seus anteriores possuidores a qualidade de se candidatarem à realeza de Angola.
Línguas africanas no Brasil
Authors: Petter Margarida Maria Taddoni
Published: June 2022

As línguas africanas manifestam-se, hoje, no Brasil, como línguas especiais, com uma função ritual, nos chamados cultos afro-brasileiros, ou com uma função de demarcação social, no seu uso como língua secreta, nas comunidades do Cafundó e da Tabatinga. Este texto retraça a história do contato das línguas africanas com o português no Brasil e discute a participação das línguas africanas na constituição do português brasileiro.
African origins of rice cultivation in the Black Atlantic
Authors: Corney Judith A.
Published: June 2022

The African diaspora was one of plants as well as people. Rice (Oryza glaberrima) led the diffusion of African plants and agricultural systems that shaped environment, food preferences, economies and cultural identity during the era of plantation slavery. By the eighteenth century the cereal was widely established from South Carolina to Brazil in the Americas. Grown by slaves as well as maroons, on plantations for subsistence as well as for export, rice cultivation accompanied African settlement of the Americas. This article reviews the indigenous knowledge systems that informed the cultivation of rice along the African as well as American Atlantic. With identical methods and practices, slaves from West Africa adapted a favored dietary staple to new conditions in the Americas, thereby ensuring the cereal’s enduring significance in Diaspora cuisines. In illuminating the African origins of Carolina rice beginnings, this paper aims to recover a significant narrative of the Atlantic slave trade
Das Varandas de Frangipani Under the Frangipani
Authors: Gândara Paula
Published: June 2022

Mia Couto é um caso à parte entre os escritores da África Lusófona. O mundo mais ou menos onírico/fantástico em que se movem as suas personagens constitui-se como um apelo ao uso do ponto de vista da física quântica par a par com as abordagens mais tradicionais ao texto literário. O objetivo deste estudo prende-se à tentativa de alargar o escopo de leitura dos interessados em literatura africana no sentido de aproximar duas culturas, a africana e a ocidental, separadas por tradições epistemológicas muitas vezes difíceis de conciliar.
Revisting the language debate in African literatures
Authors: Silva Meyre I.S.
Published: June 2022

As language is still one of the main concerns of African nations, this paper aims to revisit the debate of the Kenyan Ngugi and the Nigerian Chinua Achebe regarding the use of Europeans languages in African Literatures. Thus, it also comes to terms with the political role of language and literature as a tool of liberation as well as the political role of African writers.
Transgressing borders or bodies, deconstructing geographies in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s “Partir”
Authors: Ayeleru Babatunde , Ajah Richard Oko
Published: June 2022

The pictures of paradisiacal Europe and images of hellish Africa form the raw materials for the configuration of dreams of displacement and dislocation of an African migrant. Incidentally such pictorial conceptualization of Abroad defines as well the architecture and ambivalence of his/her hopes of departing from his/her Home. With the politicization of space and time, his/her ‘faux papiers’ or ‘sans papiers’ cannot assure the possibility of entrance, s/he is confronted with the impenetrability of enclosed borders and boundaries. Europe, now symbol of a female body, must be consummated, after amorous conceptualization. Though the boundary (body) is hermetic, it could be penetrated or violated forcefully. Focusing on Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Partir, this paper attempts to show how/why Maghrebian migrants transgress borders in order to reach their conceptualized and idealized European countries; this is analyzed in relation to the discourse of female body. It argues that romanticized idealization of the exterior propels its forced penetration or transgression of its borders. The paper also opines that the transgression of space permits the writer to deconstruct global geographies that have been highly politicized through the Eurocentric power of map.
Desejos
Authors: Duarte Vera
Published: June 2022

Vera Duarte (In: Antologia de poesia africana de língua portuguesa. Rio deJaneiro: Lacerda Editores, 2003).
O centro de estudos africanos da Universidade de São Paulo e os trinta anos da revista África
Authors: Mourão Fernando Augusto Albuquerque
Published: June 2022

De 1965 a 1968, o Centro de Estudos de Cultura Africana (CECA) funcionou junto à antiga cadeira de Sociologia II da então Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras da USP. Em 1969 foi criado o Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA) e foi transformado em órgão interdepartamental de apoio ao ensino e à pesquisa da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH). Posteriormente seu regimento sofreu alterações, tendo sido aprovado pela douta Congregação da FFLCH em 2002.
Atualidade cultural de Cabo Verde na literatura africana
Authors: Romano Luis
Published: June 2022

O cabo-verdeano fala e usa o idioma nativo em todas as ilhas do Arquipelágo. Como meio e instrumento de relação oficial e internacional foi adaptado o emprego da língua portuguesa.
Os Basanga de Shaba (Zaire) - Aspectos sócio-econômicos e político-religiosos
Authors: Munanga Kabengele
Published: June 2022

Iniciando este estudo sobre os Basanga, nossas ambições primeiras tinham sido analisar os processsos de mudanças sociais e culturais resultantes da situação de contato com a civilização ocidental. Mas, à medida que esse projeto amadurecia, fomos percebendo cada vez mais, a quase impossibilidade de realizá-lo sem um certo conhecimento do pano de fundo tradicional sobre o qual se fundam e se constroem as mudanças.
Les apories de l’appartenance a la France: Jean Mouhoub Amrouche et Albert Camus, deux figures differentes d’un meme combat
Authors: Lounis Aziza
Published: June 2022

A questão da identidade é o tema básico do meu trabalho sobre Jean El-Mouhoub Amrouche e Albert Camus, associada com a apresentação de temas-chave, como o país, o intelectual, o colonialismo, a independência, o ocidente, o oriente, o Islã, o cristianismo e a linguagem como forma de comunicação, de reconciliação e de abertura. Vamos tentar mostrar como estes são apresentados e discutidos pelos dois autores. Como acolher o outro na sua dimensão de cooperação e / ou embate, sem esquecer como o outro é? Como obter o duplo reconhecimento do Outro e do Eu, e encontrar um lugar no seu (amado) país
La música popular afroperuana
Authors: Varías Andrés Miguel Paz
Published: June 2022

El hombre negro africano se hizo presente en el litoral peruano acompañando a los primeros conquistadores españoles. Se sabe que las relaciones de la península ibérica con el continente africano son bastante antiguas, y que los negros llevados de Africa a España eran adoctrinados en la religión católica a través de la lengua castellana y las costumbres de una época monárquica vivida por España en pleno auge. A medida que el avance de la colonización del Nuevo Mundo necesitaba de más gente, fue incrementándose la trata de negros hasta llegado un momento en que la población de color doblaba la blanca. Este hecho hizo posible que desde el período colonial el negro fuese dejando su huella en la cultura colonial urbana del Perú.
Língua e nação de candomblé
Authors: Castro Yeda Pessoa de
Published: June 2022

Desde os primeiros estudos sobre os candomblés da Bahia, estudos que praticamente datam de 1933, quando da primeira edição de Os Africanos no Brasil de Nina Rodrigues , tem-se observado dois fatos que estruturalmente diferenciam os candomblés uns dos outros: primeiros, a divisão dos candomblés em "nações" que se denominam JEJE, NAGÔ, QUETO, IJEXÀ, CONGO ou ANGOLA, seugno a "língua" usada durante as suas práticas e cerimônias ritualísticas que varia de uma "nação" para outra.
Le refuge dei Fous: l´Univers Romanesque de Williams Sassine
Authors: Ojo-Ade Femi
Published: June 2022

L´Histoire, de faits ou de littérature, est le symbole d´un certain scientism mensonger hérité de la civilisation européenne.
Intergovernmental relations in Nigeria
Authors: Ayoade J.A.A.
Published: June 2022

There is usually a mistaken assumption that intergovernmental relations (IGR) can be discussed onlu meaningfully in the context of a federal arrangement.
Le decret jacquinot et les questions de fiançailles, des dots et de mariages dans le Bas-Benin, 1950-1955
Authors: Houndjahoue Michel
Published: June 2022

Au nom de la civilisation, l´administration coloniale française a tenté de réglementer tous les aspects de la vie dans ses colonies d´Afrique. C´est dans ce espirit que le Décret Jacquinot fut promulgue le 14 septembre 1951. Nous avons tenté dans les lignesi qui suivent d´en analyser quelques aspects et son impact sur les groups ethniques du Bas-Bénin.
La situation de la tradition orale face a la musique savante et aux forces industrielles - l´exemple de la tradition orale au Maghred
Authors: Nogueira A.
Published: June 2022

La musique arabe classique, au Maghreb, a, depuis longtemps, un territoire bien délimité par l´avènémént de l´Islamisme et par l´expansion coloniale.
O bestiário e a vegetação simbólicos de Une Tempête, de Aimé Césaire
Authors: Kopke Jayme de Mattos
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho procura seguir os passos do estudo realizado por Lilian Pestre de Almeida sobre o conjunto de teatro de Aimé Césaire , simultaneamente tomando como roteiro uma das análises de que tal estudo é composto e trilhando um caminho cuja possiblidade ele parece indicar.
Lusophone African poetry: at home and in the diaspora
Authors: Nascimento Luzia Garcia do
Published: June 2022

When the subject in questions is the Lusophone African Literature, one has to bear in mind that there are expatriate people who have moved from their countries and settled in other African countries or even beyond, like Europe and the Americas.
Cheikh Anta Diop e Antônio Aurélio Gonçalves
Authors: Mourão Fernando Augusto Albuquerque , Fragoso Francisco
Published: June 2022

Homenagens póstumas escritas por Fernando A. A. Mourão e Francisco Fragoso a Cheikh Anta Diop e Antônio Aurélio Gonçalves, respectivamente, em 1986.
As relações de trabalho numa sociedade de cultivadores de arroz da Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Sidersky Pablo
Published: June 2022

O trabalho que apresentamos tem como preocupação principal o estudo da vida material, da produção, do povo Balanta da região de Tombali (Guiné-Bissau), com o qual convivemos durante quase quatro anos. Julgamos que analisar o sistema de produção enquanto substrato material da sociedade, era a melhor forma de começar a entender a sociedade na qual trabalhávamos. A escassez de estudos anteriores sobre a sociedade estudada nos levou, ao lado da observação direta, à consulta bibliográfica sobre outros povos rizicultores, inserindo nossa reflexão num contexto mais amplo. É claro que um estudo de caso como este é apenas uma peça de um quebra-cabeça muito maior. Ficaríamos satisfeitos se, simplesmente, a nossa peça ajudasse a compor um quadro mais geral. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar as relações de trabalho na produção de arroz na região estudada.
Apontamentos sobre a escrita de Uanhenga Xitu, um griô engajado
Authors: Macêdo Tania
Published: June 2022

A presença da oralidade, o “griotismo literário” e o engajamento/responsabilidadedo escritor expressos na escrita de Uanhenga Xitu (Agostinho Mendes de Carvalho) e queapresenta uma forma muito própria de narração próxima da fala dos griôs tradicionais, alémde seu afastamento do núcleo urbano, Luanda.
Interleukin-6 Predicts Carotid Plaque Severity, Vulnerability, and Progression
Authors: Kamtchum-Tatuene Joseph , Saba Luca , Heldner Mirjam R. , Poorthuis Michiel H.F. , de Borst Gert J. , Rundek Tatjana , Kakkos Stavros K. , Chaturvedi Seemant , Topakian Raffi , Polak Joseph F. , Jickling Glen C. ,   for the Carotid Atherosclerosis and Stroke Collaboration (CASCO)
Published: June 2022

Background:

IL-6 (interleukin-6) has important roles in atherosclerosis pathophysiology. To determine if anti-IL-6 therapy warrants evaluation as an adjuvant stroke prevention strategy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, we tested whether circulating IL-6 levels predict carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression in the prospective population-based CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study).

Methods:

Duplex carotid ultrasound was performed at baseline and 5 years. Baseline plaque severity was scored 0 to 5 based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial grade of stenosis. Plaque vulnerability at baseline was the presence of markedly irregular, ulcerated, or echolucent plaques. Plaque progression at 5 years was a ≥1 point increase in stenosis severity. The relationship of baseline plasma IL-6 levels with plaque characteristics was modeled using multivariable linear (severity) or logistic (vulnerability and progression) regression. Risk factors of atherosclerosis were included as independent variables. Stepwise backward elimination was used with
P
>0.05 for variable removal. To assess model stability, we computed the
E
-value or minimum strength of association (odds ratio scale) that unmeasured confounders must have with log IL-6 and the outcome to suppress the association. We performed internal validation with 100 bootstrap samples.

Results:

There were 4334 participants with complete data (58.9% women, mean age: 72.7±5.1 years), including 1267 (29.2%) with vulnerable plaque and 1474 (34.0%) with plaque progression. Log IL-6 predicted plaque severity (β=0.09,
P
=1.3×10
−3
), vulnerability (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.05–1.40];
P
=7.4×10
−3
,
E
-value=1.71), and progression (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.23-1.69],
P
=9.1×10
−6
,
E
-value 2.24). In participants with >50% predicted probability of progression, mean log IL-6 was 0.54 corresponding to 2.0 pg/mL. Dichotomizing IL-6 levels did not affect the performance of prediction models.

Conclusions:

Circulating IL-6 predicts carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression. The 2.0 pg/mL cutoff could facilitate the selection of individuals that would benefit from anti-IL-6 drugs for stroke prevention.
Understanding of the Lower Extremity Motor Recovery After First-Ever Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Hyun Haeng , Sohn Min Kyun , Kim Deog Young , Shin Yong-Il , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Lee So Young , Song Min-Keun , Han Junhee , Ahn Jeonghoon , Lee Young-Hoon , Chang Won Hyuk , Choi Soo Mi , Lee Seon Kui , Lee Jongmin , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: June 2022

Background:

We aimed to verify the validity of the proportional recovery model for the lower extremity.

Methods:

We reviewed clinical data of patients enrolled in the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation between August 2012 and May 2015. Recovery proportion was calculated as the amount of motor recovery over initial motor impairment, measured as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score. We used the logistic regression method to model the probability of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score, whereby we considered the ceiling effect of the score. To show the difference in the prevalence of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score between 3 and 6 months poststroke, we constructed a marginal model through the generalized estimating equation method. We also performed the propensity score matching analysis to show the dependency of recovery proportion on the initial motor deficit at 3 and 6 months poststroke.

Results:

We evaluated 1085 patients. The recovery proportions at 3 and 6 months poststroke were 0.67±0.42 and 0.75±0.39, respectively. A 1-unit decrease in the initial neurological impairment and the age at stroke onset increased the probability of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score, which occurred at both 3 and 6 months poststroke. The prevalence of those who reach full lower limb motor recovery differs significantly between 3 and 6 months poststroke. We also found out that the recovery proportion at both 3 and 6 months poststroke is determined by the initial motor deficits of the lower limb. These results are not consistent with the proportional recovery model.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that the proportional recovery model for the lower limb is invalid.
Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Pipeline Shield Device for Intracranial Aneurysms in an Australian Cohort (SCOPE‐AUS)
Authors: Chia Ghim Song , de Villiers Laetitia , Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , Rapier Cheryl Lee , Owusu Maame Amma , Lau Fiona S. , McQuinn Alexander , Williams Cameron , Whitley Justin , Cheung Andrew , Manning Nathan W. , Rice Hal
Published: June 2022

Background

The Pipeline Flex Embolization Device (PED) with Shield Technology (PED‐Shield) is a third‐generation flow diverting stents with surface modification designed to reduce platelet adhesion and thrombogenicity. We report the long‐term safety and effectiveness of the PED‐Shield in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in an Australian cohort.

Methods

SCOPE‐AUS (Safety and Clinical Effectiveness Of Pipeline Shield Embolization Device for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms in Australia) is a multicenter, single‐arm, retrospective study of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with the PED‐Shield flow diverting stents at 3 high‐volume neurointervention centers in Australia between May 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018, evaluating safety and efficacy. The primary outcome was neurologic adverse event or neurologic‐related death at 1 year, and the secondary outcome was long‐term complete aneurysm occlusion.

Results

A total of 238 patients (mean age 55.8±11.0 years, 73.1% [174/238] female) and 278 aneurysms were treated via 247 procedures. Two (0.7%) aneurysms were retreated during the 18‐month follow‐up. Overall occlusion rates at 18 months or at last follow‐up imaging were 92.5% (233/252). There were 35 (14.7%) total primary end point events. The 12‐month neurologic morbidity and mortality rates were 3.8% (9/238) and 1.3% (3/238), respectively. For the subgroup of internal carotid artery aneurysms, mortality (0.7%) and morbidity (2.0%) rates were low, and the complete occlusion rate was 92.5% (147/155).

Conclusions

In this multicenter study, which includes a wide variety of both distal bifurcation and proximal unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the occlusion rates and safety outcomes of the PED‐Shield flow diverting stent demonstrate a high proportion of complete aneurysm occlusion, extremely low retreatment rates, and low complication rates.
Conservative significance testing of tripartite statistical relations in multivariate neural data
Authors: Fomins Aleksejs , Sych Yaroslav , Helmchen Fritjof
Published: June 2022

An important goal in systems neuroscience is to understand the structure of neuronal interactions, frequently approached by studying functional relations between recorded neuronal signals. Commonly used pairwise measures (e.g., correlation coefficient) offer limited insight, neither addressing the specificity of estimated neuronal interactions nor potential synergistic coupling between neuronal signals. Tripartite measures, such as partial correlation, variance partitioning, and partial information decomposition, address these questions by disentangling functional relations into interpretable information atoms (unique, redundant, and synergistic). Here, we apply these tripartite measures to simulated neuronal recordings to investigate their sensitivity to noise. We find that the considered measures are mostly accurate and specific for signals with noiseless sources but experience significant bias for noisy sources.We show that permutation testing of such measures results in high false positive rates even for small noise fractions and large data sizes. We present a conservative null hypothesis for significance testing of tripartite measures, which significantly decreases false positive rate at a tolerable expense of increasing false negative rate. We hope our study raises awareness about the potential pitfalls of significance testing and of interpretation of functional relations, offering both conceptual and practical advice.
Two Mathematics, Two Gods: Newton and the Second Law
Authors: Pierson Stuart
Published: June 2022

This article continues the discussion, begun in an earlier contribution to Perspectives on Science, of recent arguments over the coherence of Newton’s physics. The arguments turn on his use of the term “force” in two apparently different ways in the second law. This ambiguity remains because Newton conceived of mathematics in two entirely different ways—the first as a way of describing how things are in themselves, the second (more positivistic and hypothetical) as a method of approximation. These two conceptions were, in turn, reflections of how, according to Newton, one stands in relation to two ideas of God—God as pure being and God as will.
The Scientific Domains of Feminist Standpoints
Authors: Sismondo Sergio
Published: June 2022

Standpoint theory makes the claim that there are social positions from which privileged perspectives on knowledge can be obtained. This article describes some arguments that stake out relatively narrow grounds for the relevance of standpoint theory to science and technology: namely, the oppressed are in a potentially good position to understand social relations. Although these grounds seem narrow and apparently irrelevant to the bulk of the activity of the sciences, recent work in science and technology studies indicates that social relations are topics and resources as much in physics and mathematics as in primatology and psychology. So, if we accept the arguments for standpoint theory, the social picture of science should lead us to recognize the wide-ranging applicability of standpoint theory to science.
Instrument Makers and Discipline Builders: The Case of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Lenoir Timothy , Lécuyer Christophe
Published: June 2022

Crucial to the establishment of a scientific discipline is a body of knowledge organized around a set of instruments, interpretive techniques, and regimes of training in their application. In this paper, we trace the involvement of scientists and engineers at Varian Associates in the development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers from the first demonstrations of the NMR phenomenon in 1946 to the definitive takeoff of NMR as a chemical discipline by the mid-1960s. We examine the role of Varian scientists in constructing several models of NMR instruments for research scientists in the 1950s and the Varian efforts to influence the adoption of NMR as a standard tool for chemical analysis through Varian-supported publications, participation in scientific meetings, collaborations with academic chemists, workshops, and postdoctoral fellowships. Special attention is devoted to the development of the Varian A-60, the first commercial NMR instrument intended for the broadly trained chemist rather than a custom-built tool for the research specialist. Drawing on an examination of the use-rate of NMR instruments in chemical literature, the assessment of NMR in the chemical review literature by practitioners, and indicators of the establishment of a suitable funding environment for the growth of physics-based scientific instrumentation in the post-Sputnik era, we argue that the establishment of NMR as a discipline coincided with the adoption of the A-60 in the mid-1960s. During the period of our study, Varian Associates was a primary military contractor. This paper is intended to contribute to recent interest in the relation of military fundingto scientific enterprise during the Cold War and to the larger question of university-industry interactions in the growth of knowledge.
The Gradual Acceptance of Newton’s Theory of Light and Color, 1672–1727
Authors: Shapiro Alan E.
Published: June 2022

Simon Schaffer has published a constructivist analysis of the acceptance of Newton’s theory of color that focuses on Newton’s experiments, the continual controversies over them, and his power and authority. In this article, I show that Schaffer’s account does not agree with the historical evidence. Newton’s theory was accepted much sooner than Schaffer holds, when and in places where Newton had little power; many successfully repeated the experiments and few contested them; and theory mattered more than experiment in acceptance. I also present an alternative account of the acceptance of Newton’s theory that shows that, despite criticism when it was first published in 1672, the theory, or parts of it, gradually came to be accepted by mathematical scientists—including Huygens and Leibniz—and Scottish natural philosophers by the time of the publication of the Opticks in 1704. On the Continent, it was coming to be accepted within a decade or so after its publication, that is, before 1716, when Newton replied to a challenge, purportedly by Leibniz, that Schaffer sees as the crucial conflict that at last gave Newton’s experiments their authority.
Toward More Secrecy in Science? Comments on Some Structural Changes in Science—and on Their Implications for an Ethics of Science
Authors: Kaiser Matthias
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the widespread belief that secrecy in science is increasing—and that secrecy in science is ethically problematic. To what extent should we worry about this alleged development? In an introduction it is observed that there is very little hard empirical evidence supporting the belief of increasing secrecy in science. Evidence seems mostly to be of the anecdotal kind. The “purist ideology” of science, in which openness of research figures prominently as normative basis, is revealed as one-sided with respect to accepted practice. Issues of commercialization of science and patenting are discussed, and it is claimed that what is ethically problematic is less related to secrecy than to more general ethical issues regarding the social consequences of scientific knowledge. On the basis of a particular case, an area of scientific research is introduced for which it is claimed that secrecy does constitute a serious problem. This area has been characterized, by Funtowicz and Ravetz, as “postnormal science!’ It is claimed that postnormal science and regulatory science necessitate new institutional mechanisms inside science to tackle ethical dilemmas.
Studying the Study of Science Scientifically
Authors: Hull David L.
Published: June 2022

Testing the claims that scientists make is extremely difficult. Testing the claims that philosophers of science make about science is even more difficult, difficult but not impossible. I discuss three efforts at testing the sorts of claims that philosophers of science make about science: the influence of scientists’ age on the alacrity with which they accept new views, the effect of birth order on the sorts of contributions that scientists make, and the role of novel predictions in the acceptance of new scientific views. Without attempting to test philosophical claims, it is difficult to know what they mean.
Thalloid Liverworts (Marchantiopsida) of Sri Lanka
Authors: RUKLANI N. C. SUMUDU , RUBASINGHE SUMUDU C. K.
Published: June 2022

A comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the thalloid liverworts of Sri Lanka is presented based on specimens collected from throughout the country covering all possible geographical localities. Eight families, nine genera, and seventeen species of complex thalloid liverworts and four families, six genera and seven species of simple thalloid liverworts are described from Sri Lanka. Taxonomic keys, descriptions, along with notes on ecology and distribution, and taxonomic illustrations are provided for all the taxa recognized. Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb., Riccia crispatula Mitt., and Fossombronia cristula Austin, are reported as new to Sri Lanka.
Simultaneous High-Throughput Monitoring of Urethane Reactions Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Roscioli Jerome D. , Desanker Michael , Patankar Kshitish A. , Grzesiak Adam , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: June 2022

High-throughput (HTP) research is becoming more widely utilized due to its advantages in rapid screening of large parameter space. When HTP is used for reaction screening, often only the end products are analyzed by off-line techniques, leaving behind valuable process information. Information-rich spectroscopy tools have remained under-utilized in HTP workflows. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is demonstrated to be a versatile and accurate tool that can simultaneously monitor multiple reactions, opening up future opportunities to maximize information extraction from such HTP reaction screening experiments. Model urethane reactions are used here to demonstrate the concept, and the general approach can be widely applied to any reactions involving NIR-active functional groups. The fast speed and accurate chemical information made possible by NIR HSI are expected be another important addition to the toolkit of HTP research.
Improvement of optical, dielectric and mechanical properties of a new nanocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol and layered double hydroxide
Authors: Assekouri Abdelmonim , Bouragba Fatima Zahra , Lahkale Redouane , Mortadi Halima , Sabbar Elmouloudi
Published: June 2022

In this work, films in the form of poly (vinyl alcohol)/Layered Double Hydroxide (PVA/LDH) nanocomposites were synthesized with different amount of LDH (0%; 4% and 6%), and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM), impedance spectroscopy and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Different characterizations were used to investigate the electrical/dielectric, optical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films XRD and infrared spectroscopy results showed that clay particles exist in the polymer matrix. Electrical modeling was established using an equivalent electrical circuit consisting of two blocks, and confirmed by fitting the experimental conductivity data according to Jonscher’s double power law. Moreover, the reinforcement of the composite matrix by the addition of LDH particles, showed a shift of the relaxations towards the low frequencies, and led to an increase of dielectric constant, conductivity, and absorption of the light in the ultraviolet domain with a decrease of the gap energy. As for the mechanical properties, namely the Young’s modulus, is tripled when the clay content is about 6%.
Recycling technologies for fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials: A bibliometric analysis using a systematic approach
Authors: Colombo Beatrice , Gaiardelli Paolo , Dotti Stefano , Caretto Flavio
Published: June 2022

Fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials are increasingly employed in several industries. This extensive use has resulted in a huge increase of generated waste that has to be managed without causing significant environmental issues. Recycling fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials in accordance with circular economy principles might be a way to overcome such problems. Thus, this paper aims to empirically analyse the existing scientific literature regarding recycling technologies for fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials. The main goal is to provide a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the topic, as well as research gaps and future directions following a rigorous and transparent approach. Overall, 201 articles were selected through a systematic approach and then analysed using a bibliometric analysis. Results show that this topic has been increasingly gaining momentum in recent years and that researchers have mostly carried out experimental studies on chemical and thermal recycling technologies for recovering carbon fibres. Lastly, this article provides an in-depth research agenda based on identified research gaps and an enhanced managerial grasp of this field of research.
Moved to Norway, Then Moved by Norway: How Moments of Kama Muta Is Related With Immigrants’ Acculturation
Authors: Blomster Lyshol Johanna K. , Pich Olivia , Seibt Beate
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigated the relation between a positive social emotion, kama muta, and immigrants’ acculturation to Norway. Kama muta is evoked by a sudden intensification of a communal sharing relationship. Since communal sharing relationships are characterized by feeling one with others and orienting one’s actions to something they have in common, we predicted that feeling kama muta about Norway or Norwegians would enhance immigrants’ motivation to adopt Norwegian culture. We investigated this with exploratory sequential mixed methods: In Study 1, we interviewed 18 immigrants in Norway to understand in which situations the emotional experience, that can be identified as kama muta, occurs in connection to Norway and Norwegians, and how this affects acculturation to Norwegian culture. Based on the results of Study 1, we developed prompts that assessed immigrants’ kama muta experiences in connection with Norway and formulated hypotheses relating to immigrants’ bicultural identity integration, acculturation motivations, motivation to stay, and acculturative stress. In Study 2 we quantitively assessed these hypotheses in a larger sample of immigrants to Norway ( N = 142). The frequency and intensity of kama muta experiences in connection with Norway uniquely predicted immigrants’ motivation to adopt Norwegian culture, and negatively predicted acculturative stress. This suggests that kama muta can connect immigrants to their new homeland.
Multimarket Membership Mapping
Authors: Ringel Daniel M.
Published: June 2022

Market structure maps spatially represent competitive relationships among brands and products. In these maps, each product is typically visualized in a single map location. Such visualization, however, does not adequately accommodate multimarket membership products (MMPs), which are products that compete in multiple submarkets that are each characterized by distinct competitors and consumer preferences. The author proposes a novel framework that accommodates MMPs by visualizing products in the local context of each submarket in which they compete. This framework is then used to study market structure in the digital camera market. Competitive relationships are inferred from consumers’ online searches using bootstrapped neural product embedding. The research shows that 8% of cameras are MMPs and that 50% of all submarkets are affected by MMPs. The map generated with the proposed framework uncovers mismatches between manufacturer positioning and consumer perception of several cameras. An extensive comparison of the proposed framework with alternative mapping methods reveals that (1) commonly used mapping methods misrepresent MMPs’ competitive positions in their maps and (2) ignoring MMPs can lead to distorted visualizations of the underlying market structure. Both problems compromise firms’ abilities to accurately assess products’ competitive positions and evaluate the effectiveness of their positioning strategies.
Understanding cybercrime in ‘real world’ policing and law enforcement
Authors: Curtis Joanna , Oxburgh Gavin
Published: June 2022

Cybercrime is a growing issue, still not fully understood by researchers or policing/law enforcement communities. UK Government reports assert that victims of cybercrime were unlikely to report crimes immediately due to the perception that police were ill-equipped to deal with these offences. Additionally, these reports identify policing issues including a lack of cybercrime knowledge. This paper reviews current research, providing a comprehensive account of cybercrime and addressing issues in policing such offences. We achieve this by describing the technological, individual, social and situational landscapes conducive to cybercrime, and how this knowledge may inform strategies to overcome current issues in investigations.
The Creation and Withdrawal of Spaces for Participatory Governance: The Case of Village Development Committees in West Bengal, India
Authors: Dasgupta Debjani , Williams Glyn
Published: June 2022

This article examines how more democratic forms of state-citizen engagement can be engineered under less than favorable political conditions, through the case of the Village Development Committees under the Left Front government in West Bengal, India. Our research shows that these Committees embodied empowered participatory governance ideals and made meaningful contributions to citizens' participation within the local state, confirming the potential for well-designed institutions to deepen democratic engagement. However, this reform's abrupt reversal indicates that leftist parties are not automatically wholehearted supporters of empowered participatory governance, and that this reform needed to be connected to a wider set of claims about the Left Front's participatory successes, in order to build its legitimacy. Our wider argument is that research should examine not only the quality of participatory spaces themselves but also their political contexts, if we are to understand how experiments in empowered participatory governance can “scale up” and become durable.