bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors for interest to participate in digital mental health therapy: a cross-sectional survey of individuals with anxiety and depression
Authors: Gunawardena Tharidu , Bartholmae Marilyn M. , Karpov Matvey V. , Dod Rohan , Ahuja Kripa , Rajendran Aishwarya , Kathrotia Mayuri , Dodani Sunita
Published: May 2024

Background

Due to a multitude of factors, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in mental health issues within society, including depression and anxiety. Due to the increased trend of mental health disorders in society, digital mental health therapies are more useful than ever. With the emergence of programs utilizing Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT), mental health resources are easily accessible and can be widely implemented to those in need.

The aim of this study was to identify predictors for interest to participate in SilverCloud digital mental health therapy among individuals with mild to severe anxiety and/or depression based on preliminary findings from the COVIDsmart study.

Methods

COVIDSmart participants who had moderate to severe anxiety and/or depression based on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, and who consented to be contacted for future studies, were invited to complete a needs assessment survey via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). This assessment used self-reported measures including medical diagnoses, mental health services received, reasons for anxiety and/or depression, the use of coping strategies, suicidal ideology using the Ask Suicide Questions tool, and whether they would be interested in receiving free digital mental therapy. Descriptive statistics were used to report participants’ demographics and a logistic regression was used to find predictors for interest in participation in SilverCloud. SAS 9.4 was used and p values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Out of the original 782 COVIDsmart participants, 634 consented to be contacted for future studies, 280 were subsequently invited to complete the SilverCloud needs assessment, and 120 individuals completed it. The largest demographic among these participants were females (70.83%) who identified as White (80.83%). The mean age was 48.74 years (SD = 14.66). Results revealed that having a mental health comorbidity significantly predicted the likelihood of interest in participating in the SilverCloud digital mental health program (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

In this study, mental illness comorbidities predicted the interest to participate in digital mental therapy. Fragmented healthcare and perceptions of unmet care needs are likely contributor factors. Further research with a diverse sample of participants is necessary for generalizability. Findings may have important implications for healthcare best practices.
A new multiscale imaging method for estimating the depth and structural index of a magnetic source
Authors: Wang Yanguo , Tian Ye , Deng Juzhi
Published: May 2024

The fast automatic technique for determining the source parameter is commonly used to interpret magnetic data. A new method is proposed to estimate the magnetic source parameter based on the any-order analytic signals of magnetic anomalies at different altitudes. The new method is based on the relationship between the location, depth, and structural index of the source and the expressions of analytic signals and uses the altitude z and a depth scaling factor [Formula: see text] to establish a new multiscale imaging method called variable depth mirror imaging (VDMI), whose extreme points are related to the source parameters. Two equations are given to calculate the source depth and structural index on the basis of the vertical positions of the peaks of the VDMI sections with two different [Formula: see text]. Moreover, a series of solutions of the source parameters will be obtained when a number of [Formula: see text] is selected, which can make the results more reasonable. The method is stable and can be directly applied to noisy anomalies or high-order derivatives because it is based on magnetic anomalies of upward continuation. In addition, the method is flexible, as we can select different [Formula: see text] as desired. Moreover, the method can be applied to multisource cases and can simultaneously estimate the depth and structural index for each source. The method is tested on noise-free and noise-corrupted synthetic magnetic anomalies. In all cases, the VDMI method effectively estimates the depths and structural indices of the sources. The VDMI method is also applied to real aeromagnetic data from the Hamrawein area, Egypt, and ground magnetic data over the Neibei Farm of Heilongjiang Province, China.
Assessing Lateralization Index of Adrenal Venous Sampling for Surgical Indication in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Nakamura Yoshihiro , Abe Masanori , Ragnarsson Oskar , Gkaniatsa Eleftheria , Grytaas Marianne Aa , Løvås Kristian , Wada Norio , Ichijo Takamasa , Heinrich Daniel A , Drake William , O’Toole Sam , Kocjan Tomaz , Kastelan Darko , Kraljevic Ivana , Yamamoto Koichi , Tsuiki Mika , Kloock Simon , Dischinger Ulrich , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Sven Gruber , Spyroglou Ariadni , Furnica Raluca Maria , Fallo Francesco , Maiolino Giuseppe , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Wu Vin-Cent , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Naruse Mitsuhide
Published: May 2024

Context

Clinical practice guidelines recommend the lateralization index (LI) as the standard for determining surgical eligibility in primary aldosteronism (PA).

Objective

Our goal was to identify the optimal LI cutoffs in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for diagnosing PA that is amenable to surgical cure.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective international cohort study across 16 institutions in 11 countries, including 1550 patients with PA who underwent AVS, with and/or without adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation. The establishment of optimal cutoffs was informed by a survey of 82 patients with PA in Japan, aimed at determining the LI cutoff aligned with patient expectations for a surgical cure rate.

Results

The survey revealed that a median cure rate expectation of 80% would motivate patients with PA towards undergoing adrenalectomy. The optimal LI cutoffs achieving an adjusted positive predictive value (PPV) of 80% were identified as 3.8 for unstimulated AVS and 3.4 for ACTH-stimulated AVS. Furthermore, a contralateral ratio of less than 0.4 and the detection of an adrenal nodule on computed tomography imaging were identified as independent predictors of surgically curable PA. Incorporating these factors with the optimal LI cutoffs, the adjusted PPV increased to 96.6% for unstimulated AVS and 89.6% for ACTH-stimulated AVS. No clear differences in predictive ability between unstimulated and ACTH-stimulated LI were found.

Conclusion

The present study clarified the optimal LI cutoffs for without and with ACTH stimulation. The presence of contralateral suppression and adrenal nodule on CT imaging seems to provide additional available information besides LI for surgical indication.
Can Classical Athens Offer Lessons for a Large, Pluralistic Society?
Authors: Roberts Jennifer T.
Published: May 2024

Recoiling from the power that Athenian democracy placed in the hands of the poor, the founding fathers of the United States took Athens as primarily an anti-model, whereas nineteenth-century defenders of slavery found Athens a very congenial model indeed, seeming as it did to lend a mantle of legitimacy to an unspeakable practice. After a “honeymoon period” in which democracy was idealized as the only legitimate form of government, now at the outset of the twenty-first century the alliance of democracy with a capitalism that often proves heartless to the less fortunate has raised some troubling questions about democracy itself. Despite its small size, classical Athens offers valuable guidance for tempering current difficulties in both the United States and elsewhere by adopting and adapting the selection of some officials by sortition, direct election by popular vote of elected officials, a rigorous system of accountability, and the fostering of civic and community values.
Against Antiformalism
Authors: Braddick Michael
Published: May 2024

This contribution to the Common Knowledge symposium “Antipolitics” explores the place of legal agency in the political thought and activities of John Lilburne, one of the leading English Levellers of the seventeenth century. Protection of his rights as a freeborn Englishman was central to his political campaigns and political thought and was an important element of his published Leveller tracts. Much commentary on the Levellers has emphasized their demand for annual parliaments elected on a broad franchise and equal distribution of seats. But these constitutional arrangements were not an endorsement of ideals of universal suffrage, representative democracy, and majoritarianism but instead—along with legal agency—mechanisms for the protection of the people from tyranny. This overlooked feature of Leveller political thought may have something to teach us about the essential purposes of democracy in the face of majoritarian populism.
Ecosystem services provided by urban woody plants in the context of spatial relations: Çankırı case area
Authors: Tülek Betül , Sarı Derya , Körmeçli Pelin Şahin
Published: May 2024

Ecosystem services (ES), which are defined as the benefits provided by humans from ecosystems, provide recreation opportunities for urban people with green areas in the cities, while supporting biodiversity on the other hand. This research seeks to answer the following 3 questions: (1) Can the contribution of plants used in urban parks to urban ES be measured? (2) Are the location and characteristics of the areas where plants are placed in urban parks a factor in providing ES? (3) Which ES stands out in the network of relationships established by the ES provided by plants in urban green spaces? Within the scope of these questions, ES provided by woody plants in Çankırı urban park, which is an essential green area for Çankırı/Türkiye, were examined. In the light of the examinations on-site, the presence of 49 woody plant taxa was determined. The contribution of plant taxa to the ecosystem has been assessed within the framework of 13 sub-parameters related to provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural services. Hot spot analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis methods were used to determine the ES and spatial distribution of taxa within the park. Subsequently, a centrality analysis was carried out in the Graph Commons program using the network mapping method to determine the importance of ES provided by plants. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the woody plants used in Çankırı urban park contribute highly to the urban ecosystem in terms of pollination, erosion control, recreation and education, soil and air quality improvement and habitat provision. However, the spatial distribution of taxa was not balanced. Therefore, a balanced spatial distribution of woody plant taxa, which make a valuable contribution to ES, in urban green spaces is an issue that should be considered in urban ES planning.
A holistic framework for government big data ecosystem (“DataGov.eco”)
Authors: Σάαχ Σαϊντ-Ιφτικχάρ-Χουσαϊν
Published: May 2024

Ο δημόσιος τομέας, η επιχειρηματική κοινότητα και η κοινωνία των πολιτών παράγουν δεδομένα που έχουν μεγάλο όγκο, ακρίβεια και ταχύτητα και προέρχονται από διαφορετικές πηγές. Σήμερα, αυτός ο τύπος δεδομένων είναι γνωστός ως big data. Οι δημόσιες διοικήσεις (PA) θεωρούν τα μεγάλα δεδομένα ως το «νέο πετρέλαιο» και υιοθετούν πολιτικές που βασίζονται σε δεδομένα για τη συλλογή, ανάλυση, κοινή χρήση, μόχλευση και προστασία δεδομένων για την προώθηση της χρηστής διακυβέρνησης, της διαφάνειας, των καινοτόμων ψηφιακών υπηρεσιών και της συμμετοχής των πολιτών στη δημόσια πολιτική. Η εμφάνιση του Κυβερνητικού Οικοσυστήματος Μεγάλων Δεδομένων (GBDE) είναι εμφανής από τα παραπάνω. Παρά το μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον για αυτό το οικοσύστημα, υπάρχει έλλειψη σαφούς ορισμού. ο συνολικός κύκλος ζωής των δεδομένων δεν είναι καλά κατανοητός, οι διάφοροι παράγοντες και οι ρόλοι τους δεν είναι καλά καθορισμένοι και ο αντίκτυπος σε βασικούς τομείς της δημόσιας διοίκησης δεν έχει ακόμη αξιολογηθεί. Οι οργανισμοί του δημόσιου τομέα αντιμετωπίζουν ένα δύσκολο έργο στη διαχείριση μεγάλων δεδομένων καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια του κύκλου ζωής τους. Λείπει ένα κατάλληλο εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο για κυβέρνηση που βασίζεται στα δεδομένα. Τέτοια λογοτεχνικά κενά επιβάλλουν ένα κρίσιμο εμπόδιο για την καλύτερη κατανόηση των προοπτικών και των εκκολαπτόμενων ζητημάτων για την προώθηση, την ανάπτυξη και τη μόχλευση του GBDE. Μέσω αυτής της μελέτης, στοχεύουμε να αρχίσουμε να συμπληρώνουμε τα προαναφερθέντα κενά ακολουθώντας μια Προσέγγιση Έρευνας Επιστήμης Σχεδιασμού. Προτείνουμε έναν ορισμό για το GBDE, ένα πλαίσιο κύκλου ζωής δεδομένων για κυβερνήσεις που βασίζονται σε δεδομένα (DaLiF) που βασίζεται στην ανάλυση υφιστάμενων μοντέλων κύκλου ζωής δεδομένων και ένα ολιστικό εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο για το κυβερνητικό οικοσύστημα δεδομένων (DataGov.eco). Αυτό το πλαίσιο μπορεί να υποστηρίξει διαφορετικά κοινά και ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των δημόσιων αρχών, όπως ιδιοκτήτες συστημάτων και τεχνολογιών δεδομένων, μηχανικούς, αναλυτές, επιστήμονες και διαχειριστές. Στόχος μας είναι να συμβάλουμε σε αυτόν τον ταχέως εξελισσόμενο τομέα αυξάνοντας τη σαφήνεια και καθιερώνοντας μια κοινή κατανόηση των βασικών στοιχείων του αναδυόμενου GBDE.
Etude de l'asynchronisme de réplication du génome humain
Authors: Σταυροπούλου Χρύσα
Published: May 2024

Η παρούσα εργασία επικεντρώθηκε στον ασυγχρονισμό της αντιγραφής του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος. Ο πρώτος στόχος της μελέτης ήταν να συμβαλλει στην κατανόηση του ρόλου του χρόνου αντιγραφής του DNA στους μηχανισμούς επιγενετικής ρύθμισης. Ο δεύτερος στόχος της ήταν η ανάδειξη νέων περιοχών του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος που υπόκεινται σε γονιδιακή αποτύπωση (parental genomic imprinting). Κατά το πρώτο μέρος της μελέτης, η χρήση πολύ σύντομων ενσωματώσεων (pulses) 5-Βρωμο-2'-δεοξυουριδίνης και ενός φθορίζοντος αντισώματος αντι-BrdU ανέδειξε στο ανθρώπινο γονιδίωμα, πολυάριθμες ομόλογες χρωμοσωμικές περιοχές που αντιγράφονται ασύγχρονα. Σε ένα δεύτερο μέρος, η περιοχή 15q11-q13 που υπόκειται σε μηχανισμό γενετικής αποτύπωσηςμ θεωρήθηκε ως μοντέλο μελέτης και μας επέτρεψε να επικυρώσουμε τη μέθοδο που χρησιμοποιήθηκε. Το τρίτο μέρος επικεντρώθηκε στον ασυγχρονισμό του χρωμοσώματος 14, που είναι γνωστό ότι περιέχει «εντυπωμένους» χρωμοσωματικούς τόπους που δεν έχουν ακόμη εντοπιστεί. Έτσι μπορέσαμε να επισημάνουμε τρεις χρωμοσωμικές περιοχές που παρουσιάζουν ασύγχρονο αντιγραφή του τύπου «όψιμη μητρική/πρώιμη πατρική» και να υποθέσουμε την ύπαρξη «προδιάθεσης» του μητρικού χρωμοσώματος 14 να αναδιπλασιάζεται αργότερα από το χρωμόσωμα 14 πατρικής προέλευσης. Συμπερασματικά, αυτή η μελέτη υπογραμμίζει τη σημασία της χρονολογίας της αντιγραφής του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος και της δομής της χρωματίνης στους επιγενετικούς ρυθμιστικούς μηχανισμούς. Υποδηλώνει επίσης ότι οι τόποι που υπόκεινται σε γονιδιακή αποτύπωση στο χρωμόσωμα 14 θα μπορούσαν να βρίσκονται στην περιοχή 14q31.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF FIXED-ROUTE VEHICLES IN THE AREA OF BUS STOPS
Authors: Borodulin Igor V. , Gasilova Olga S. , Maltseva Anastasia A.
Published: May 2024

The conditions of movement of fixed-route vehicles in the area of bus stops are analyzed. The accident rate associated with public road transport in the Sverdlovsk region and Yekaterinburg for three years is considered. Bus stops in the central part of the city have been investigated, most of which are not equipped with a check-in "pocket". The width of the roadway opposite the investigated stopping points is determined. It was recorded that most of the stopping points are installed opposite the roadway, with a width of 11 to 20 m. 65% of the considered stopping points do not have an entrance "pocket", which leads to a stop of public transport in the lane. It has been established that in the presence of a check-in "pocket" buses create a large number of conflict situations with vehicles moving in the same direction, which increases the likelihood of road accidents. The high accident rate involving public transport leads to the need to analyze the movement of fixed-route vehicles in the area of stopping points.
Purpose – determination of conditions affecting the safety of route vehicles in the area of stopping points.
Methodology statistical methods of processing a full-scale experiment were used in the work.
Results: the ranges of changes in the width of the carriageway opposite the stopping points, the impact of the presence of a check-in "pocket" on road safety have been determined.
Practical implications: It is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of measures to ensure road safety in the area of bus stops.
ADAPTATION OF VEHICLE OPERATION TO CHANGING REQUIREMENTS AND TRENDS IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Demyanchuk Stepan V.
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary era, as the transportation industry undergoes significant transformations, the imperative of refining vehicular operation methodologies gains prominence. This scholarly pursuit is aimed at justifying the necessity of adapting vehicular usage approaches in the context of escalating demands for ecological sustainability, safety, and operational efficacy.
To dissect the prevailing landscape and distill principal trends, an exhaustive scrutiny of academic discourses and sector-specific reports encompassing the epoch from 2015 to 2022 was undertaken. This examination delved into statistical delineations of vehicular traffic volumes and the emission of deleterious substances from motor vehicles, both within the Russian Federation and in the international arena.
The crux of this inquiry revealed that the contemporary challenges besieging the transportation domain predominantly pertain to curtailing the adverse anthropogenic impact upon the environment, whilst concurrently augmenting both cargo and passenger throughput. In response, a compendium of strategies has been articulated to enhance the environmental rectitude and safety of vehicular operations. These include the pivot to alternative fuel sources, the deployment of sophisticated intelligent transportation management architectures, and the catalyzation of electric mobility's evolution.
CEUS in diagnosis of renal masses
Authors: Ochyra Łukasz , Łopuszyńska Anna
Published: May 2024

Introduction and purpose  Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a modern diagnostic method that uses ultrasound waves in combination with intravenous administration of a contrast agent. It enables obtaining high resolution and assessing microcirculation in real time, thanks to which the researcher is able to analyze the enhancement and its features, which may help in diagnosing a specific pathology. Contrast agents, similar to CT and MRI, show specific phases of enhancement after administration - arterial, venous, delayed. Their additional advantage is safety, especially for patients with impaired kidney and thyroid function, and causing fewer allergic reactions. The aim of this review is to present the CEUS examination technique and the latest reports in the field of diagnosis of renal lesions. Material and methods  This review was prepared based on the literature available from recent years in the PubMed and Google Scholar scientific databases using the keywords: ultrasonography, contrast enhanced ultrasonography, kidney, renal masses. Results Studies show that CEUS can be an effective method for imaging both cystic and solid lesions in the kidney. When using a contrast agent, the lesions show characteristic features that can guide the investigator to the diagnosis. Moreover, in comparative analyses, CEUS achieved comparable or better results than other diagnostic imaging methods. Conclusions CEUS is a modern and promising diagnostic method that can successfully compete with CT and MRI. Moreover, the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of contrast agents and their safety mean that CEUS can be used for the diagnosis of unclear pathologies in elderly patients, as well as for the control and supervision of changes that require frequent imaging. Keywords: ultrasonography, contrast enhanced ultrasonography, kidneys, renal masses
Exploring the Health Benefits of Matcha: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Korn Aleksandra , Jędrzejczyk Justyna , Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Czarnecka Karolina , Wójcik Emilia , Korczak Anna , Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa , Burda Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Matcha, a finely powdered form of green tea, has recently gained global popularity due to its vibrant green color, distinctive taste, and versatile applications in various food products. Despite its promising nutritional profile, matcha has not received significant attention in the academic community compared to traditional green tea.
Purpose of work: The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of matcha's biological properties and its potential health benefits.
Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, the
following keywords were searched: "matcha", “catechin", "EGCG", “cognitive function”, “green tea”
State of knowledge: Existing studies have demonstrated that matcha exhibits anticancer properties, enhances cognitive function, improves cardio-metabolic health, and modulates the gut microbiome. Moreover, matcha is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Summary: This review summarizes the latest research findings on matcha green tea and its potential health benefits. While animal studies have shown promising results, our knowledge of matcha's effects on human health remains limited. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to fully elucidate its potential health-promoting effects. Therefore, we advocate for continued research into matcha's properties and its integration into dietary practices to promote overall health and well-being.
Temporal Availability and Women Career Progression: Evidence from Cross-Time-Zone Acquisitions
Authors: Gagliardi Luisa , Mariani Myriam , Breschi Stefano
Published: May 2024

This study investigates whether an increase in the demand for nonconventional work schedules helps explain the gender gap in career advancement. We look at employees of U.S. firms acquired between 2010 and 2014 and distinguish between same and different time-zone acquisitions. The idea is that time-zone differences between the headquarters and the newly acquired firm increase the demand for and value of working outside the standard working schedule. This, combined with social norms about women’s role as caregivers, puts female employees at a disadvantage relative to men. Based on Zephyr-LinkedIn matched data, our results show that women are about 9.5% less likely than men to be promoted in cross-time-zone acquisitions than in same-time-zone acquisitions. The gap rises to 10.6% for managerial occupations, and it is higher for time-zone differences of two and three hours. We discuss the implications of our results for the management, evaluation, and retention of human capital in organizations and, more generally, for gender equality in the workplace.

Funding: The authors thank the Editor and three autonomous referees for their comments on previous drafts of the paper. The authors also thank participants to the Strategy Science Virtual Conference 2020, the Strategy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SIE) Virtual Seminars held in December 2020, the Wharton Technology and Innovation Conference 2021, and the Work and Organization Workshop held in Madrid in May 2022. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Invernizzi Center for Research on Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship (ICRIOS) at Bocconi University. S. Breschi also acknowledges financial support through the MUSA – Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action [ECS 000037] and the GRINS – Growing Resilient, INclusive and Sustainable [PE00000018] projects, funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP).

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17685 .
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2024

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians, rounded up by Mark Greener
Plague houses and pandemics
Authors: Wall Alison
Published: May 2024

Alison Wall looks into the lessons on outbreaks that can be learned from history
Ethical dilemmas: a student reflection on safeguarding in adult domestic abuse
Authors: Hird Will
Published: May 2024

This reflective account discusses a case where a patient refused a safeguarding referral after disclosing domestic abuse to a student paramedic on an MSc programme. The author examines the medical, ethical and legal evidence when determining whether the right path was taken in caring for this patient. It is argued that the care delivered was lawful and ethical but the student paramedic did not have sufficient awareness of the support options available to those experiencing domestic abuse. Their oversimplification of the dilemma to the patient having capacity to refuse referral omitted key aspects of the medico-legal framework, potentially to the detriment of the patient's care. Reflective learning has allowed the author to recognise the limits of his understanding of the complex medico-ethico-legal framework surrounding domestic abuse, consent, coercion and controlling behaviour. In response, he has established a new methodology to assess the underlying reasons for refusing a safeguarding referral.
Never struggle alone
Authors: Sofield Katy
Published: May 2024

Katy Sofield reflects on a job that would overwhelm even the most experienced paramedic
Residual deformity after femoral neck fracture affects the location of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Nishi Masanori , Atsumi Takashi , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Okano Ichiro , Nakanishi Ryosuke , Watanabe Minoru , Usui Yuki , Kudo Yoshifumi
Published: May 2024

Aims

The localization of necrotic areas has been reported to impact the prognosis and treatment strategy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Anteroposterior localization of the necrotic area after a femoral neck fracture (FNF) has not been properly investigated. We hypothesize that the change of the weight loading direction on the femoral head due to residual posterior tilt caused by malunited FNF may affect the location of ONFH. We investigate the relationship between the posterior tilt angle (PTA) and anteroposterior localization of osteonecrosis using lateral hip radiographs.

Methods

Patients aged younger than 55 years diagnosed with ONFH after FNF were retrospectively reviewed. Overall, 65 hips (38 males and 27 females; mean age 32.6 years (SD 12.2)) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with stage 1 or 4 ONFH, as per the Association Research Circulation Osseous classification, were excluded. The ratios of anterior and posterior viable areas and necrotic areas of the femoral head to the articular surface were calculated by setting the femoral head centre as the reference point. The PTA was measured using Palm’s method. The association between the PTA and viable or necrotic areas of the femoral head was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis (median PTA 6.0° (interquartile range 3 to 11.5)).

Results

We identified a negative correlation between PTA and anterior viable areas (rho −0.477; p = 0.001), and no correlation between PTA and necrotic (rho 0.229; p = 0.067) or posterior viable areas (rho 0.204; p = 0.132).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that residual posterior tilt after FNF could affect the anteroposterior localization of necrosis.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):394–400.
Evaluation of long-term outcome following therapeutic mammaplasty: the effect of wound complication on initiation of adjuvant therapy and subsequent oncological outcome
Authors: Rampal R , Jones S , Hogg W , Rengabashyam B , Hogan B , Achuthan R , Kim B
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Therapeutic mammaplasty (TM) facilitates large tumour resection while maintaining optimal aesthetic outcome. It carries higher wound complication risks, which may delay adjuvant therapy initiation. Whether this delay affects oncological outcome requires evaluation.

Methods

Data were collected for consecutive patients receiving TM at the Leeds breast unit (2009–2017). A prospectively maintained database was used to determine tumour characteristics, wound complication rates, receipt of adjuvant therapy and breast cancer recurrence or death.

Results

In total 112 patients (median age of 54 years) underwent 114 TM procedures. The most common histological subtypes were invasive ductal carcinoma (61.4%), invasive lobular carcinoma (13.2%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (13.2%). Of the patients, 88.2% had oestrogen receptor-positive cancer and 14% had human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cancer; 26.3% had multifocal cancer. The median tumour size was 30mm. The median Nottingham Prognostic Index was 4.2. The local recurrence rate was 3.5% (median follow-up of 8.6 years). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 88.5% and 83.5%, and the equivalent overall survival (OS) rates were 94% and 83.5%. Wound complication rate was 23.6% (n=27), the commonest being wound infection (11.4%; n=13) and T-junction wound breakdown (10.5%; n=12). The median time to adjuvant therapy was 72 days (interquartile range [IQR] 56–90) for patients with wound complications, and 51 days (IQR 42–58) for those without. However, this delay did not affect DFS or OS (log-rank test; p=0.58 and p=0.94, respectively). This was confirmed on Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

Our study finding demonstrates that although wound complications after TM leads to a modest delay to adjuvant therapy, the long-term oncological outcomes were comparable with those in patients without wound complications.
Adaptant-se al canvi tecnològic: els consignataris de vaixells del port de Barcelona en el pas de la vela al vapor (1849-1900)
Authors: Rotllan Luis
Published: May 2024

La figura de l’agent consignatari marí no ha estat estudiada en profunditat en relació als seus orígens, i a la forma en la que va satisfer progressivament les necessitats comercials dels armadors amb seu a d’altres indrets. Aquest treball pretén demostrar com el consignatari modern va aparèixer en el port de Barcelona en el pas de la vela al vapor, transformant totalment una professió que ja existia anteriorment. La nova energia propulsora va canviar completament les funcions dels consignataris: de professionals qualificats amb poques responsabilitats a plenipotenciaris dels naviliers, i en una figura cabdal del transport marítim amb forta influència en els molls.
‘‘Made in Korea’’: Tradition and Transculturality in Changgeuk Lear
Authors: Im Yeeyon
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Changgeuk Lear of the National Changgeuk Company of Korea presents an intriguing case of interculturalism. Produced in 2022 by an elite creative team representative of Korean theatre , Lear is remarkable for its lack of traditional spectacles that have characterized many Korean Shakespeare performances. This essay analyzes the transcultural esthetics of changgeuk Lear in comparison to the Koreanized spectacle of changgeuk Romeo and Juliet (2009), placing both productions in the history of changgeuk and the efforts to popularize the genre in the global age. The ontology of Lear is underpinned by a new notion of living tradition promoted by Kim Sung-Nyeo, which I relate to the concept of transculturation. I propose to reclaim the term transculturality for intercultural performance discourses, thereby deconstructing the false dichotomy of Korea as tradition and the West as modernity. Through a dynamic fusion of traditional chang and global art forms , changgeuk Lear creates a transcultural “K-opera” that represents a renewed sense of Koreanness .
Thermal distortions in high-power end-pumped Nd:YVO4 crystals
Authors: Shen Yuhong , Liu Bin , Qiu Xiaoyan , Jin Yiwen , Liu Yang , Ye Zhibin , Hu Miao , Liu Chong
Published: May 2024

A high-resolution infrared thermal imager is employed to measure temperature and fit the thermal conductivity of Nd:YVO4 crystal. A theoretical model to analyze the thermal distortion of end-pumped Nd:YVO4 crystals is established. Both simulations and experiments reveal that with high-power pumping, the thermal effects of Nd:YVO4 crystal cause spherical aberration as well as astigmatism. It is identified that the major cause of astigmatism is the anisotropy of the Nd:YVO4 crystals’ thermal conductivity. The influence of astigmatism on the ellipticity of the output beam is investigated, and the significance of astigmatism compensation is demonstrated. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results.
D-type photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on Bloch surface waves
Authors: Feng Yue , Han Jiaru , Shen Tao , Wu Haodong , Qin Zhiliang
Published: May 2024

Bioassays are important in health assessment, disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, disease prevention, and environmental monitoring to provide better health management and quality of life for individuals and society. A D-type photonic crystal fiber optic sensor based on Bloch surface waves is proposed for biological detection within an ultra-wide refractive index. The designed D-type fiber was side-polished and alternately deposited with one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) on the polished side, consisting of a set of TiO2 and SiO2 alternating media with moderate refractive index differences. The designed PCF consists of symmetric air holes and polished structures. The structural parameters of this sensor are also analyzed and discussed in order to obtain better detection performance. The designed Bloch surface wave D-type photonic crystal fiber optic sensor has a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 5400 nm/RIU and a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 513.00RIU−1. The sensor also has a resolution of 1.85×10−5RIU and an excellent maximum quality factor (FOM) of 222.43RIU−1. These results show a higher figure of merit (FOM) than conventional methods, resulting in increased sensitivity and accuracy. The proposed sensor can detect the RI of unspecified analytes between 1.20 and 1.50, allowing for the analysis of many different types of analytes, such as viruses, blood plasma, cancer cells, sugars, proteins, DNA/RNA, and many more.
Adiabatic weak coherent MHz linewidth O-band single-photon carrier for low erroneous phase decoding
Authors: Tsou Cheng-Lin , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: May 2024

For weak coherent single-photon secure data communication among short-reach metropolitan intra-/inter-city networks at the O-band (1250-1350 nm), the commercially available semiconductor laser sources are emerging but still suffering from high single-mode-fiber (SMF) loss, broad linewidth, and unstable wavelength. To overcome such disadvantages for enabling the efficient phase-coding link with sufficient secure key rate, a specifically designed adiabatic package with active temperature-/current-feedback control is proposed for the paired O-band MHz-linewidth master-to-slave injection-locked DFBLDs and a polarization-maintaining 1-bit-delay interferometer is stabilized with using a passively adiabatic cell to achieve accurate differential phase decoding. Even though, the phonon-induced phase fluctuation still occurs at rising and falling edges of the decoded long-pattern secure data bits delivered from the slave DFBLD, which is mainly attributed to the intra-cavity heating under excessive free-carrier generation via the master DFBLD injection. To stabilize the differential-phase-shift (DPS) keying protocol, the phase-code distortion caused by over-injection-induced Auger heating is effectively suppressed by reducing the overly biased injection with precise master-injection-level control. The rising-/falling-edge damping distortion of the phase-shift-encoded secure bit-stream envelope is suppressed by appropriately decreasing the DC bias current and adjusting the AC encoding amplitude of the master DFBLD. Such operation reduces the incorrect π phase shift in the injection-locked slave DFBLD biased at optimized below-threshold DC offset, thus allowing single-photon DPS-keying data transmission over 15-km SMF with slightly increasing the single-photon bit-error ratio from <3% (0-km) to 6.2% (15-km).
High-efficiency green light emission from InGaN/GaN using localized surface plasmon resonance tuned by combination of Ag nanoparticles and dielectric thin film
Authors: Kamei Yuki , Kaito Seiya , Matsuyama Tetsuya , Wada Kenji , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi , Okamoto Koichi
Published: May 2024

We achieved significant enhancements in green light emission (550 nm) from InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) by tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of self-assembled Ag nanoparticles (NPs) through the application of a SiO2 thin film. The LSPR wavelength of Ag NPs was shifted towards shorter wavelengths by 80 nm using a 5 nm SiO2 layer to separate Ag NPs from GaN surface, thereby aligning it effectively with the green region. This strategic placement of Ag NPs and a 5 nm SiO2 film resulted in significant enhancements of photoluminescence (PL) by 15- and 8.8-fold with 5 and 11 nm GaN cap layers, respectively. The LSPR of Ag NPs on a SiO2 thin film facilitated a longer possible distance for the coupling between surface plasmons (SPs) and excitons in a QW. Traditionally, the distance between SPs-generating metal and a QW has been maintained at 10 nm to achieve substantial enhancements. Remarkably, even with a 25 nm cap layer, Ag NPs on a 5 nm SiO2 film boosted PL by 3.1-fold. The enhancements attributable to Ag NPs on SiO2 films were superior, reaching up to 4.8 times greater than those of Ag NPs on GaN surfaces. Additionally, the PL enhancement factors calculated using the finite differential time domain (FDTD) method aligned closely with experimental results.
Optical Fourier convolutional neural network with high efficiency in image classification
Authors: Liu Yan , Qin Jianwei , Liu Yanbing , Liu Yuanan , Liu Xun , Ye Fangwei , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Compared to traditional neural networks, optical neural networks demonstrate significant advantages in terms of information processing speed, energy efficiency, anti-interference capability, and scalability. Despite the rapid development of optical neural networks in recent years, most existing systems still face challenges such as complex structures, time-consuming training, and insufficient accuracy. This study fully leverages the coherence of optical systems and introduces an optical Fourier convolutional neural network based on the diffraction of complex image light fields. This new network is not only structurally simple and fast in computation but also excels in image classification accuracy. Our research opens new perspectives for the development of optical neural networks, and also offers insights for future applications in high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption computing domains.
Fast and precise single-frame phase demodulation interferometry
Authors: Zhang Hangying , Meng Kai , Lou Peihuang
Published: May 2024

To achieve real-time phase detection, this paper presents a fast and precise spatial carrier phase-shifting interferometry based on the dynamic mode decomposition strategy. The algorithm initially produces a series of phase-shifted sub-interferograms with the aid of a spatial carrier interferogram. Subsequently, the measured phases are derived with great accuracy from these sub-interferograms through the use of the dynamic mode decomposition strategy, an outstanding non-iterative algorithm. Numerical simulation and experimental comparison show that this method is an efficient and accurate single-frame phase demodulation algorithm. The paper also analyzes the performance of the proposed method based on influencing factors such as random noise level, carrier frequency size, and carrier frequency direction. The results indicate that this method is a fast and accurate phase solution method, offering another effective solution for dynamic real-time phase measurement.
Nonreciprocal Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface for unidirectional wavefront manipulations
Authors: Pan Hao , Chen Mu Ku , Tsai Din Ping , Wang Shubo
Published: May 2024

Optical metasurfaces employing the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) geometric phase, called PB metasurfaces, have been extensively applied to realize spin-dependent light manipulations. However, the properties of conventional PB metasurfaces are intrinsically limited by the Lorentz reciprocity. Breaking reciprocity can give rise to new properties and phenomena unavailable in conventional reciprocal systems. Here, we propose a mechanism to realize nonreciprocal PB metasurfaces of subwavelength thickness by using the Faraday magneto-optical (FMO) effect of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) material in synergy with the PB geometric phase of spatially rotating meta-atoms. Using full-wave numerical simulations and multipole analysis, we show that the metasurface composed of dielectric cylinders and a thin YIG layer can achieve high isolation of circularly polarized lights, attributed to the enhancement of the magneto-optical effect by the resonant Mie modes and Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity mode. In addition, the metasurface can enable unidirectional wavefront manipulations of circularly polarized lights, including nonreciprocal beam steering and nonreciprocal beam focusing. The results contribute to the understanding of the interplay between nonreciprocity and geometric phase in light manipulations and can find applications in optical communications, optical sensing, and quantum information processing.
High-power and narrow-linewidth nanosecond pulsed intracavity crystalline Raman laser operating at 1.7 µm
Authors: Zhao Hui , Dai Shibo , Ouyang Kai , Zhu Siqi , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang
Published: May 2024

We report on a high-power and narrow-linewidth nanosecond pulsed intracavity crystalline Raman laser at 1.7 µm. Driven by an acousto-optically Q-switched 1314 nm two-crystal Nd:YLF laser, the highly efficient cascaded YVO4 Raman laser at 1715nm was obtained within the well-designed L-shaped resonator. Thanks to the absence of spatial hole burning in the stimulated Raman scattering process, significant spectral purification of second-Stokes radiation was observed by incorporating a fused silica etalon in the high-Q fundamental cavity. Under the repetition rate of 4 kHz, the highest average output power for single longitudinal mode operation was up to 2.2 W with the aid of precision vibration isolation and precision temperature controlling, corresponding to the pulse duration of ∼2.8 ns and the spectral linewidth of ∼330 MHz. Further increasing the launched pump power, the second-Stokes laser tended toward be always multimode, and the maximum average output power amounted to 4.8 W with the peak power of ∼0.8 MW and the spectral linewidth of ∼0.08 nm. The second-Stokes emission was near diffraction limited with M2 < 1.4 across the whole pump power range.
Human disease-causing mutations result in loss of leiomodin 2 through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Pappas Christopher T. , Mayfield Rachel M. , Dickerson Ava E. , Mi-Mi Lei , Gregorio Carol C.
Published: May 2024

The leiomodin (Lmod) family of actin-binding proteins play a critical role in muscle function, highlighted by the fact that mutations in all three family members (LMOD1-3) result in human myopathies. Mutations in the cardiac predominant isoform, LMOD2 lead to severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Most of the disease-causing mutations in the LMOD gene family are nonsense, or frameshift, mutations predicted to result in expression of truncated proteins. However, in nearly all cases of disease, little to no LMOD protein is expressed. We show here that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a cellular mechanism which eliminates mRNAs with premature termination codons, underlies loss of mutant protein from two independent LMOD2 disease-causing mutations. Furthermore, we generated steric-blocking oligonucleotides that obstruct deposition of the exon junction complex, preventing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of mutant LMOD2 transcripts, thereby restoring mutant protein expression. Our investigation lays the initial groundwork for potential therapeutic intervention in LMOD-linked myopathies.
Thermodynamic and structural investigation of oily wastewater treatment using peach kernel and walnut shell based activated carbon
Authors: El Jery Atef , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Mahmood Salman Hayder , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Sammen Saad Sh. , Scholz Miklas
Published: May 2024

Despite the many articles about activated carbon with different precursors in adsorption process, no in-depth research has been carried out to understand the causes of the difference in surface adsorption characteristics of activated carbon with different precursors and different activation processes. In this work, the ability of two active carbon adsorbents made of walnut shell and peach kernel by two chemical and physical methods (totally 4 different types of activated carbon) in treatment of oily wastewater including diesel, gasoline, used oil or engine lubricant has been compared. The results show that the chemical activated peach carbon active with 97% hardness has provided the highest hardness and physical activated walnut carbon active has obtained the lowest hardness value (87%). It is also found that peach activated carbon has a higher iodine number than walnut activated carbon, and this amount can be increased using chemical methods; Therefore, the highest amount of Iodine Number is related to Peach activated carbon that is made by chemical method (1230 mg/g), and the lowest amount of iodine number is seen in walnut activated carbon that is made by physical method (1020 mg/g). moreover, the pore diameter of physical activated carbon is lower than chemical activated carbon in all cases. So that the pore diameter of chemical activated peach carbon active is equal to 22.08 μm and the measured pore diameter of physical activated peach carbon active is equal to 20.42 μm. These values for walnut are obtained as 22.74 μm and 21.86 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature and pH effects on the adsorption of different synthesized oily wastewater was studied and it was found that a decrease in adsorption can be seen with an increase in temperature or decreasing the pH value, which can be referred to this fact that the process of adsorption is an exothermic process. Finally, to analyze the compatibility of adsorption isotherms with experimental data and to predict the adsorption process, three different isotherms named Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms were applied and their parameters were correlated. The correlation results show that the Langmuir isotherm had the best correlation in all cases compared to the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, based on the correlation coefficient, and the calculated R2 values which was greater than 0.99 in all the studied cases.