bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis and application of silver nano-biotics for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of glass-ionomer cement against studied microorganisms and its effect on compressive strength
Authors: Enan Enas Tawfik , Ashour Amal A. , Basha Sakeenabi , Felemban Nayef H. , El-Rab sanaa M. F. gad
Published: August 2020

Background. The development of dental caries is associated with various microorganisms and secondary caries formation is the main cause of restorations failure. The advise for restorative dental materials that have antimicrobial properties has stimulated the introduction of materials containing different antibacterial agents.Objectives: Present study has been designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and incorporate AgNPs and amoxicillin into glass ionomer cement (GIC) to synergize its effect on oral microbes. The effect of the added antimicrobial agents on compressive strength (CS) of GIC was also evaluated.Material and methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs were done using Cupressus macrocarpa extract and AgNPs were charectatrized. A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and classified into 4 main groups where Group A include conventional GIC, Groups B and C include GIC with AgNPs or Amoxicillin, respectively, while Group D included GIC with both AgNPs and Amoxicillin. Each group was tested for the antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The distribution of biofilm was examined via scanning electron microscope. The CS of the tested material was measured using a Material Test System(MTS).Results: UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak of 429 nm. TEM, XRD pattern and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with spherical to oblong polydispersed particles of diameter in the range of 13.5-25.8 nm. The maximum inhibitory zone was recorded for group D against both tested bacteria with a mean of 29 mm at first 24-hour period to 15 mm at three weeks and showed antimicrobial rate 92.2% and 92.56%, against both strains, respectively. Additionally, group D disintegrated the structure of S. aureus biofilm and even kill bacteria in the biofilms. Addition of AgNPs and Amoxicillin caused an insignificant effect on CS of GIC.Conclusion: TheAgNPs showed a synergistic effect in combination with amoxicillin and GIC dental restorative material against studied microorganisms. The agents can be safely added with minimal effect on mechanical properties of the original cement.
Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Arefaynie Mastewal , Yalew Melaku , Damtie Yitayish , Kefale Bereket
Published: August 2020

Background: There is limited national evidence on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth especially; community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.
Methods: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. A total of 6,143 female youth were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by using STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.
Results: Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19-24 years [AOR=5.8, 95% CI= (4.6, 7.3)], not attend school [AOR=14.1, 95% CI= (8.1, 24.7)], ever chew Chat [AOR= 2.0, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.0)]. From community label factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR= 0.3, 95% CI= (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR=2.7, 95% CI= (1.7, 4.3)] and live in low proportion of poor communities [AOR= 0.7, 95% CI= (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia.
Conclusions: Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in high proportion of poor community had statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation among female youth.
Housing conditions, level of feeding and presence of antibiotics in the feed shape rabbit cecal microbiota
Authors: Velasco-Galilea María , Guivernau Miriam , Piles Miriam , Viñas Marc , Rafel Oriol , Sánchez Armand , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , González-Rodríguez Olga , Sánchez Juan P.
Published: August 2020

Background: the effect of the production environment and different management practices in rabbit cecal microbiota remains poorly understood. While previous studies have proved the impact of the age or the feed composition, research in the housing conditions and other animal management aspects, such as the presence of antibiotics in the feed or the level of feeding, is still needed. Characterization of microbial diversity and composition of growing rabbits raised under different conditions could help better understand the role these practices play in cecal microbial communities and how it may result in different animal performance.Results: four hundred twenty-five meat rabbits raised in two different facilities, fed under two feeding regimes (ad libitum or restricted) with feed supplemented or free of antibiotics, were selected for this study. A 16S rRNA gene-based assessment through the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform was performed on cecal samples collected from these individuals at slaughter. Different univariate and multivariate approaches were conducted to unravel the influence of the different factors on microbial alpha diversity and composition at phylum, genus and OTU taxonomic levels. The animals raised in the facility harboring the most stable environmental conditions had greater, and less variable, microbial richness and diversity. Bootstrap univariate analyses of variance and sparse partial least squares-discriminant analyses endorsed that the farm exerted the largest influence on rabbit microbiota since the relative abundances of many taxa were found differentially represented between both facilities at all taxonomic levels characterized. Furthermore, only five OTUs were needed to achieve a perfect classification of samples according to the facility where animals were raised. The level of feeding and the presence of antibiotics did not modify the global alpha diversity but had an impact on some bacteria relative abundances, albeit in a small number of taxa compared with the farm, which is consistent with the lower sample classification power according to these factors achieved using microbial information.Conclusions: this study reveals different degrees of influence attributable to environment and animal management. It highlights the importance of offering a controlled breeding environment that reduces differences in microbial cecal composition that could be causative of different animal performance.
Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households
Authors: Jacquier Emma F , Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Lenighan Yvonne , Toledo Marvin B , Capanzana Mario V
Published: August 2020

Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe percentages of consumption, energy contribution (6-23.9mo), and usual nutrient intakes (12-23.9mo) from complementary foods among Filipino infants and toddlers stratified by household wealth. Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants and toddlers from poor households reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, in comparison to those from the rich households who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was no difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between wealth groups in 6-11.9mo and 18-23.9mo children. Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron and calcium were higher in 12-23.9mo children from rich households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Analysis of Coping Ability and Mental Health of Medical Staff on COVID-19 in Henan, China
Authors: Cui Songyang , Yin Lei , Shi Yuanyuan , Fan Mengying , Yang Xiu , Zhang Lulu , Li Linlin
Published: August 2020

Backgrounds Outbreak of COVID-19 imposed great pressure on the professional work and psychological health of medical staff, especially in the early stage. This study aims to assess the coping ability and mental health status of medical workers and find influencing factors on them during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical staff in Henan from January 29th to February 4th with a total of 1739 participates. A self-made questionnaire was used to evaluate their coping ability and mental health status (Both total score 110). Chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors on them. Results The majority of the participants (96.8%) had coping ability scores (Median, 81; IQR, 75~87) above the passing line, most (65.0%) were in normal mental health (median, 58; IQR, 44~68). Analyses showed that older age, higher education level, and distrust in unofficial information were facilitating factors for better copying ability among medical workers. For mental health status, medical workers had 3 promoting factors: older age, distrust of unofficial information, and non-participation in epidemic prevention and control. On the other hand, poor physical health was a risk factor. (P<0.05) Conclusions In early stage of the epidemic, medical staff in Henan performed well in coping ability and mental health, but the government still needs to pay more attention to the coping capacity and mental health of medical workers who are younger, less educated, blind to unofficial information and in poor physical condition who may have worse coping ability and mental health status. And other studies are needed to determine the follow-up status.
Self-poisoning with pesticides in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study on 24,602 subjects
Authors: Wang Boshen , Han Lei , Wen Jinbo , Zhang Juan , Zhu Baoli
Published: August 2020

Background: With an estimated >800,000 suicide-related deaths and potentially several attempts for each death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of self-poisoning with pesticides within the Jiangsu province in China.
Methods: Suicide rate was calculated the Routine Surveillance System by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stratified by gender, age and region, combined with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between pesticide types and pesticide-related deaths.
Results: In recent years, Jiangsu Province has witnessed a decrease in pesticide self-poisoning cases and consequent deaths. Among all suicides by deliberate ingestion of pesticides, the proportion of cases were mainly in the age 40, accounting for 3.43% of all cases with pesticide suicide. The proportion of suicide due to pesticide poisoning in females was markedly higher than that in males ( p <0.001). Suicide using organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was most common, with 10,303 reported cases accounting for 42.02% of all suicides.
Conclusions: For national responses to be effective, the characteristics of pesticide suicides should be comprehensively investigated for the formulation of corresponding prevention strategies. At present, more pesticide suicide prevention policies for the elderly people and women should be implemented, and stronger pesticide management policies should be implemented for rural areas.
Ketamine-propofol (Ketofol) on Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Foo Tze Yong , Noor Norhayati Mohd , Yazid Mohd Boniami , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Wahab Shaik Farid Abdull , Ahmad Mohammad Zikri
Published: August 2020

Objectives This review is to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of ketofol in comparison to other anesthetic agents during procedural sedation and analgesia.Method The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1996 to Feb 2019) and MEDLINE (1966 to Feb 2019) were searched, including the reference list of related randomized control trials and reviewed articles to find unpublished trials or trials not identified by electronic searches. Included criteria specifically comparing recovery time, clinician satisfaction, and adverse effect of ketofol.Results Eleven trials that met our criteria were included in the analysis with total 1274 patients. Five trials compared with single agent; six trials compared with combined agents. For comparison between ketofol and single agent (ketamine or propofol), ketofol shows significant effect on recovery time (MD -9.88, 95% CI: -14.30 to -5.46; P=0.0003; I2 = 92%) but no difference when compared to combined agents (RR 0.75, 95% CI: -6.24 to 7.74; P<0.001; I2 = 98%). In single agent comparison, ketofol show no differences in clinician satisfaction (RR 2.86, 95% CI: 0.64 to 12.69; P=0.001; I2 = 90%), airway obstruction (RR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.35 to 11.48; P=0.81; I2 = 0%), apnea (RR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.33 to 2.44; P=0.88; I2 = 0%), desaturation (RR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.94; P=0.28; I2 = 21%), nausea (RR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.41; P=0.2; I2 = 38%) and vomiting (RR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.61; P=0.18; I2 = 42%). For comparison between ketofol and combined agents, ketofol is effective in reducing hypotension (RR 4.2, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.85; P=0.76; I2 = 0%) but no differences in bradycardia (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.14 to 03.63; P=0.09; I2 = 53%), desaturation (RR 1.9, 95% CI: 0.15 to 23.6; P=0.11; I2 = 61%) and respiratory depression (RR 1.98, 95% CI: 0.18 to 21.94; P=0.12; I2 = 59%).Conclusions There is low certainty evidence that ketofol improves the recovery time and reduces the frequency of hypotension with moderate certainty of evidence. There is no difference in other adverse effects when compared to either single or combined agents.
Resection of a retroperitoneal cancer of unknown primary site after chemoradiation therapy: a case report
Authors: Suetsugu Tomonari , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Takahashi Takao , Fukada Masahiro , Tanaka Hideharu , Iwata Yoshinori , Yasufuku Itaru , Sato Yuta , Imai Takeharu , Imai Hisashi , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Okumura Naoki , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: August 2020

Background: Complete recovery from retroperitoneal squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site treated by multidisciplinary therapy is extremely rare.

Case presentation: A 78-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to a mass measuring 8 cm in size in the left pelvic retroperitoneal area, which was diagnosed as a cancer of unknown primary site. The pathological type was squamous cell carcinoma. The left iliac artery/vein and ureter were involved in the tumor, and the tumor caused severe left leg pain. Although inflammation and symptoms were severe, palliative radiotherapy was considered. After that, biweekly combined therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil was planned. After 5 courses of chemotherapy, the tumor diameter reduced from 11.6 cm to 4 cm in size. In addition, the border between the iliac vessels, urinary tract and tumor became apparent. The patient underwent radical resection of the tumor 8 months after the treatment started. The left ureter and the external/internal iliac artery were preserved, but the external iliac vein was sacrificed because of the possibility of tumor invasion. The postoperative course was free of complications, and the patient was discharged 10 days after the operation. The histopathological findings showed no residual viable tumor cells or foreign body-type giant cells with necrosis. The pathological effect of chemotherapy was defined as Grade 3 (pathological complete response). The patient has experienced no recurrence or distant metastasis for 4 years.

Conclusions: Multidisciplinary therapy succeeded in treating a retroperitoneal squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site with preservation of organ function.
Low serum parathyroid hormone is a risk factor for peritonitis episodes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Da Jingjing , Jiang Yi , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan
Published: August 2020

Backgroud : Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported to be associated with infectious mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritonitis is the most common and fatal infectious complication, resulting in technique failure, hospital admission and mortality. Whether PTH is associated with peritonitis episodes remains unclear. Methods : We examined the association of PTH levels and peritonitis incidence in a 7-year cohort of 270 incident PD patients who were maintained on dialysis between January 2012 and December 2018 using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Patients were categorized into three groups by serum PTH levels as follows: low-PTH group, PTH<150pg/mL; middle-PTH group, PTH=150-300pg/mL; high-PTH group, PTH>300pg/mL. Results : During a median follow-up of 29.5 (interquartile range 16-49) months, the incidence rate of peritonitis was 0.10 episodes per patient-year. Low PTH levels were associated with older age, higher calcium levels and lower alkaline phosphatase levels. After multivariate adjustment, lower PTH levels were identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes [hazard ratio 1.643, 95% confidence interval 1.014-2.663, P=0.044]. Conclusions: Low PTH levels are independently associated with peritonitis in incident PD patients.
Addressing COVID-19 Immune Storm: A Way Forward
Authors: Lokhande Amit S.
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 a global pandemic is a cause for panic due to the increasing numbers and the associated fatality rate of ~5%. Death due to COVID-19 is ascribed majorly to the cytokine storm a hyper immune reaction that results in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Following the WHO Solidarity initiative, a large number of clinical trials approved at breakneck speed across the globe. It is encouraging to note that almost all trials are addressing both antiviral effect and lung protection. Clinical trials with a focus on decreasing mortality indeed harbinger a positive trend, as the world waits expectantly for a solution to this dreaded COVID-19 pandemic.
Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva : Análisis de sus Propiedades Psicométricas
Authors: Barraza Macías Arturo
Published: August 2020

El análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva ha reportado datos que indican problemas con el ítem 4, lo que ha conducido a algunos autores a plantear una supresión hipotética del mismo. Este ítem, formulado en términos negativos y comparativos de manera simultánea, aparece desde la versión original de la escala; sin embargo, las anomalías psicométricas informadas plantean la necesidad de analizar la pertinencia de una versión de tres ítems de la escala. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo central comparar las propie- dades psicométricas de dos versiones de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (una de cuatro ítems y otra de tres ítems). Para el logro de este objetivo se llevó a cabo un estudio instrumental mediante el análisis de una base de datos configurada por 372 participantes, provenientes de cuatro estudios previos donde se aplicó dicha escala. Los resultados indican una superioridad de la versión de tres ítems de la escala al presentar un mayor nivel de confiabilidad y mejores valores en el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se recomienda el uso de la versión de tres ítems en población mexicana y analizar la pertinencia de aumentar la escala de valores de la posible respuesta. Palabras clave: felicidad; bienestar; validez; confiabilidad.
Evaluación neuropsicológica de un adulto colombiano diagnosticado con Síndrome de Morquio B
Authors: Prado Rivera Mayerli Andrea , Figueroa Rodríguez Laura Marcela , Florez Duarte Deissy Lorena , Cárdenas Poveda Diana Carolina , Castañeda Ibáñez Nolly Nataly , Rizo Arévalo Alejandra
Published: August 2020

El síndrome de Morquio B es una enfermedad rara y de baja prevalencia, por lo cual poco se ha estudiado so- bre el funcionamiento neuropsicológico y estado cognitivo de quienes lo padecen. Este estudio de caso presenta los resultados del funcionamiento en atención, memoria, lenguaje, gnosias, praxias y funciones ejecutivas de un adulto co- lombiano diagnosticado con este síndrome. Se encontró que el paciente puede adquirir nuevo conocimiento; muestra memoria visoespacial y de trabajo verbal conservadas; repite, lee y escribe información sencilla que es conocida para él; sigue órdenes simples a partir de comandos verbales; muestra habilidades visoperceptuales y grafomotoras; tiene un desarrollo normal de pensamiento abstracto y asociativo, y es capaz de planear y solucionar problemas. Sin embargo, presenta dificultades en atención visual sostenida, atención audio-verbal, velocidad de procesamiento, lenguaje comprensivo, repetición y escritura al dictado de frases completas, flexibilidad cognitiva, y fluidez verbal semántica y fonológica. Se discute como factores más relevantes del funcionamiento cognitivo del paciente la relación entre el síndrome de Morquio B y la gangliosidosis GM1, y la falta de entrenamiento en el manejo de información de alta complejidad, dada su condición de desescolarización.

Palabras clave: Síndrome de Morquio B, MPS IV-B, enfermedades raras, evaluación neuropsicológica, mucopolisacaridosis
Extraction, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Property, and In-vitro Anticancer Activity of Silymarin from Silybum marianum on Kb and A549 Cell Lines
Authors: Azadpour Mojgan , Farajollahi Mohammad Morad , Varzi Ali Mohammad , Hashemzadeh Pejman , Mahmoudvand Hossein , Barati Mitra
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant property of Silymarin (SM) extracted from the seed of Silybum marianum and its anticancer activity on KB and A549 cell lines following 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment.

Methods:

Ten grams of powdered S. marianum seeds were defatted using n-hexane for 6 hours and then extracted by methanol. The Silymarin extracted of extraction components. The extracted components of Silymarin were measured by spectrophotometric assay and HPLC analysis. 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, phenol content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant capacity were measured to detect the antioxidant properties of SM. The anticancer activity of the SM on cell lines evaluated by MTT.

Results:

In HPLC analysis, more than 50% of the peaks were related to silybin A and B. SM was reduced DPPH (the stable free radical) with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.56 μg/ ml in comparison with butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), which indicated an IC50 of ~3.9 μg/ ml. The cytotoxicity effect of SM on the cell lines was studied by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity effect of the extracted Silymarin on KB and A549 cell lines was observed up to 80 and 70% at 156 and 78 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of the extracted SM on KB and A549 cell lines after 24 hours of treatment was seen at 555 and 511 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:

Due to the good antioxidant and anticancer properties of the isolated Silymarin, its use as an anticancer drug is suggested.
A New Series of 1,3-Dimethylxanthine Based Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists as a Non-Dopaminergic Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rohilla Suman , Bansal Ranju , Chauhan Puneet , Kachler Sonja , Klotz Karl-Norbert
Published: August 2020

Background:

Adenosine receptors (AR) have emerged as competent and innovative nondopaminergic
targets for the development of potential drug candidates and thus constitute an effective
and safer treatment approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Xanthine derivatives are considered
as potential candidates for the treatment Parkinson’s disease due to their potent A2A AR antagonistic
properties.

Objective:

The objectives of the work are to study the impact of substituting N7-position of 8-m/pchloropropoxyphenylxanthine
structure on in vitro binding affinity of compounds with various AR
subtypes, in vivo antiparkinsonian activity and binding modes of newly synthesized xanthines with
A2A AR in molecular docking studies.

Methods:

Several new 7-substituted 8-m/p-chloropropoxyphenylxanthine analogues have been prepared.
Adenosine receptor binding assays were performed to study the binding interactions with
various subtypes and perphenazine induced rat catatonia model was used for antiparkinsonian activity.
Molecular docking studies were performed using Schrödinger molecular modeling interface.

Results:

8-para-substituted xanthine 9b bearing an N7-propyl substituent displayed the highest
affinity towards A2A AR (Ki = 0.75 μM) with moderate selectivity versus other AR subtypes. 7-Propargyl
analogue 9d produced significantly long-lasting antiparkinsonian effects and also produced
potent and selective binding affinity towards A2A AR. In silico docking studies further highlighted
the crucial structural components required to develop xanthine derived potential A2A AR ligands as
antiparkinsonian agents.

Conclusion:

A new series of 7-substituted 8-m/p-chloropropoxyphenylxanthines having good
affinity for A2A AR and potent antiparkinsonian activity has been developed.
Synthesis and Anti-HCV Activities of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives
and Their In-Silico ADMET Analysis
Authors: Zhang Kai-Xia , Wang Peng-Ru , Chen Fei , Qian Xi-Jing , Jia Lin , Liu Xiao-Juan , Li Lin , Jin Yong-Sheng
Published: August 2020

Background:

Licorice is widely used as a hepatoprotective herb for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese
Medicine, and its main chemical constituent glycyrrhizin (GL) is used as a treatment for chronic hepatitis in Japan for over
20 years. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the main active metabolite of GL.

Objective:

Series of GA derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their anti-HCV activities were screened to
investigate structure-activity relationship (SAR). Besides, their in-silico ADMET properties were analyzed to search for
promising lead compound for further identification of anti-HCV terpenoid candidate.

Methods:

GA derivatives were synthesized via reactions of oxidation, oxime, rearrangement, esterification and acylation,
etc. In vitro anti-HCV activity of derivatives was tested on the HCV cell culture (HCVcc) system. In-silico ADMET
properties analysis were performed via “pkCSM” and “SwissADME” platforms.

Results:

Eighteen GA derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by MS and NMR spectrums. All
compounds exhibited superior HCV inhibitory activity to that of GA. Compound 2 possessed the most potent anti-HCV
activity with IC50 value of 0.79 μM, which is nearly 58 times potent than SA (a previously reported potent anti-HCV
terpenoids) and >200 times than GA. SAR revealed the introduction of 3-oxo, short-chain (C1-C3) aliphatic alcohols or
cyclic aliphatic amines is conducive to improving anti-HCV activity. In-silico ADMET prediction demonstrated most of
the potent compounds possessed favorable ADMET properties.

Conclusion:

Structural modification of GA at 3-position and 30-position is an effective approach to searching for potent
anti-HCV agents. Compound 2, with the most potent anti-HCV activity and favorable in-silico ADMET properties, is a
promising lead compound for further identification of anti-HCV terpenoid candidate.
Human Resource Management of an MNC in an Emerging Market
Authors: Zhou Yanghua
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine how human resource management strategies have influenced Huawei’s development. The study employs theoretical analysis and a case study approach to test several propositions. The results show that taking special measures in terms of recruitment, training, compensation and incentives, career support, HRBP, and organizational culture, have as much a positive impact on competitive advantage, employee motivation, and reinforcement of the internal labor market, as systematic and effective human resource systems. Study limitations and topics for future research are also discussed.
LEARNING INTEGERS WITH REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION APPROACH BASED ON ISLAMIC VALUES
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Aisyah Nyimas
Published: August 2020

Mathematical learning not only produces students who succeed in mathematical and procedural calculations but also develops religious thinking. Realistic mathematics education with the context of Islamic values makes students can imagine, which is one of the right ways to develop the skills of students’ creativity, collaboration, and communication. This study aims to describe the learning trajectory that can help students understand integers with a realistic mathematics education approach based on Islamic values. It is hoped that student responses are positive, meaningful, and enjoyable. This research uses the design research method, which is a form of a qualitative approach. There are three stages in this research, namely: preliminary design, experimental design, and retrospective analysis. The results showed that the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) trial with an Islamic value-based context showed significant progress based on student responses. Initially, students had difficulty understanding integers, but they felt delighted to follow the learning process along with the habituation. The HLT technique used in habituation was through pilot experiments, followed by teaching experiments. Students respond very positively and are happy to follow it by seeing the very significant development of their abilities during the learning process.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS’ ABDUCTIVE REASONING IN SOLVING ALGEBRA PROBLEMS
Authors: Hidayah Indriati Nurul , Sa'dijah Cholis , Subanji Subanji , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: August 2020

When students solve an algebra problem, students try to deduce the facts in the problem. This step is imperative, students can draw conclusions from the facts and devise a plan to solve the problem. Drawing conclusions from facts is called reasoning. Some kinds of reasoning are deductive, inductive, and abductive. This article explores the characteristics of some types of abductive reasoning used by mathematics education students in problem-solving related to using facts on the problems. Fifty-eight students were asked to solve an algebra problem. It was found that the student’s solutions could be grouped into four types of abductive reasoning. From each group, one student was interviewed to have more details on the types. First, the creative conjectures type, the students can solve the problems and develop new ideas related to the problems; second, fact optimization type, the students make conjecture of the answer, then confirm it by deductive reasoning; third, factual error type, students use facts outside of the problems to solve it, but the facts are wrong; and fourth,  mistaken fact type, the students assume the questionable thing as a given fact. Therefore, teachers should encourage the students to use creative conjectures and fact optimization when learning mathematics.
Plate and faults boundary detection using gravity disturbance and Bouguer gravity anomaly from space geodesy
Authors: Julzarika Atriyon , Suhadha Argo Galih , Prasasti Indah
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, satellite technology has developed significantly. Geodesy satellites such as Grace and Grace-FO can be used for subsurface mapping. The mapping is in the form of detection of the plate details, faults, and regional geodynamic conditions. This study aims to detect plate and faults from space geodesy using the gravity disturbance and Bouguer gravity anomaly parameter. The study area is in the Sunda Strait. Gravity disturbance is one of the gravity model parameters. Gravity disturbance is the gravitational potential of the topography expressed by the spherical harmonic model and the topographic effect by Barthelmes's calculations. Gravity disturbance can visualize subsurface conditions. Bouguer gravity anomaly is needed to get the condition on subsurface objects. This parameter visualizes subsurface conditions in the form of rocks and non-rocks. These conditions can distinguish oceanic crust and continental crust. Gravity contours are needed to obtain plate and faults predictions. The results obtained are validated patterns and shapes with plate and faults secondary data. The tolerance used in this validation is 80%. The gravity disturbance parameter obtained a value of 83% in verifying the accuracy of assessment in plate and faults detection. The Bouguer gravity disturbance parameter obtained a verification value of accuracy assessment in plate detection but 65% in faults detection. This accuracy assessment uses pattern and texture parameters in detecting the similarity of two or more images. This plate and faults detection results are more detailed and can be used for geophysical, geological, earthquake, and earth dynamics applications.
Leder
Authors: Jensen Julie Borup , Frimann Søren , Eikeland Olav
Published: August 2020

”Lærende organisationer”, ”organisationslæring” og ”organisatorisk læring” har været i spil i arbejdslivet og blandt forskere i flere årtier. Har det ført til forbedringer? I dette femte nummer af Forskning og Forandring udforskes temaet «Organisatorisk læring». Læs bl.a. om organisatoriske rutiner i skolen, mulige sammenhænge mellem organisatorisk læring og lokalt lederskab i forbindelse med udvikling af diversitetspædagogik i to børnehaver i Norge, og om hvordan samtalerne i deltagerorienteret forskning bidrager til at åbne og lukke for frigørende deltagelse.
English abstract
Theme: Organizational learning
«Learning organizations» and «organizational learning» have circulated as buzz words among professionals and researchers for several decades. Has this lead to improvements? In this fifth issue of Forskning og Forandring, the theme «Organizational learning» is explored. Read i.a. about organizational routines in schools, possible connections between organizational learning and local leadership in professional knowledge development relating to multicultural competence in two Norwegian kindergartens, and about how, in participant-oriented research, conversations help to open up, or close off, emancipatory participation.
Influencia de las actividades agropecuarias intensivas en la hidrogeoquímica del acuífero freático en un sector de la cuenca alta del río Samborombón (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Borzi Guido Esteban , Jovic Nicolas , Villalba Esteban , Stein María Josefina , Tanjal Carolina , Santucci Lucía
Published: August 2020

La cuenca del río Samborombón localizada en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires es una cuenca rural donde, si bien domina la ganadería extensiva, han comenzado a desarrollarse en los últimos años establecimientos ganaderos intensivos. El engorde de ganado en corral genera gran cantidad de excretas que son una fuente puntual de contaminación del agua. En sectores donde el abastecimiento de agua para consumo es mediante la explotación del agua subterránea, estos focos de contaminación pueden limitar su potabilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de un corral de engorde en la hidroquímica del acuífero freático en la cuenca alta del río Samborombón, así como también analizar la vulnerabilidad social y el riesgo hídrico presente en el área. Para esto se efectuó la toma de muestras de agua para determinar iones mayoritarios, trazas y fósforo en laboratorio, midiéndose in situ el pH y la conductividad eléctrica. Los resultados indican que la ganadería intensiva constituye una actividad que tiende a deteriorar la calidad del acuífero freático mediante la incorporación de Cl-, SO42- y NO3-. Elementos inmóviles o poco solubles como los fosfatos tenderían a retenerse en el suelo y zona no saturada sin afectar al acuífero. Por su parte, los elementos traza no evidencian cambios respecto a los valores de fondo de la química en el área de estudio. La contaminación del acuífero por nitratos en algunos pozos supera el límite sugerido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y afecta a los pobladores que viven en las adyacencias. Asimismo, se identificó una vulnerabilidad de tipo socioeconómica debido a la falta de acceso a servicios básicos, como el agua potable y un sistema cloacal adecuado.
Variaciones geomorfológicas como condicionantes de la química del agua subterránea en el litoral del estuario medio del Río de la Plata
Authors: Melo Marisol , Carol Eleonora
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del trabajo es determinar los cambios en la química del agua subterránea y los procesos geoquímicos asociados en función de las variaciones geomorfológicas en el ámbito de la planicie costera del Río de la Plata en el sector litoral del estuario medio. Para ello se estableció una red de monitoreo que involucra puntos de muestreo de agua superficial y subterránea donde se determinó el contenido de iones mayoritarios, nitrato e isótopos estables de la molécula de agua. El contenido en isótopos ambientales registra, para el caso del agua subterránea, que el agua de lluvia infiltra sin previa evaporación y recarga al agua subterránea somera. Las muestras de agua superficial presentan porcentajes de evaporación menores al 10%. Estos bajos porcentajes pueden deberse a que el muestreo se realizó en un mes de excesos hídricos. En cuanto al contenido de iones mayoritarios se registran variaciones en función de la geomorfología. Así, la antigua llanura intermareal y la planicie con cordones de conchilla presentan facies que varían según la profundidad del muestreo entre bicarbonatada sódica y clorurada sódica. Estas variaciones estarían controladas por la composición original del agua meteórica y las reacciones químicas producto de la interacción con el sedimento. Particularmente, la química del agua subterránea de la marisma está regulada por los flujos mareales provenientes del Río de la Plata.
Biodisponibilidad de elementos potencialmente tóxicos en suelos cercanos al margen del arroyo Morón, provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Pacheco Rudz Erika Odila , Kucher Hernán , Torri Silvana Irene , Bertini Liliana
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de ciertos elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) en los suelos aledaños en un tramo rectificado del arroyo Morón. Para ello se llevó a cabo un muestreo de la llanura de inundación del cauce y del dique artificial contiguo. Se realizó un fraccionamiento secuencial para los EPT (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd y Pb) y se midió el pH y la conductividad eléctrica de las muestras. En ambos sitios, se observó que dichos elementos se encontraron mayormente asociados a la fracción unida a carbonatos por lo que su disponibilidad es baja. En la llanura de inundación se encontraron valores totales bajos de Cu y Zn, mientras que la concentración de Cd, Cr, Ni y Pb se incrementó, con respecto a las muestras del área del dique; atribuyendo estas diferencias a los cambios en la concentración de los EPT estudiados en el cuerpo de agua a partir de la rectificación del arroyo.
Entomological and Virological Methods for the Identification of Potential Vectors of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in the South-Eastern Part of Northern Caucasus, Russia
Authors: Glazunova Anastasija Aleksandrovna , Sevskikh Timofey Aleksandrovich , Kustikova Olga Viktorovna , Dresvjannikova Svetlana Georgievna , Usadov Timur Ravilevich , Dzhailidi Georgij Anastasovich , Debeljak Zoran , Lunina Daria Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2020

The article provides assessment of field and laboratory methods for the collection and evaluation of potential vectors of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in one of the districts of Krasnodarskiy Kray in southern Russia. In this study, we tested several methods of vector collection and a PCR protocol for the detection of the LSDV genome in insects. Descriptive data on samples were collected using a free web-based application Epicollect5.

Potential LSDV vectors are quite widely spread insects in this region. We identified 15 insect species, including Musca domestica, Musca autumnalis and Stomoxys calcitrans. Analysis of the insect population showed an increase in species diversity and a decrease in abundance of the insect population by the end of the flight season.

PCR tests did not detect LSDV genome in the collected samples. All the methods tested were found suitable for large-scale monitoring of lumpy skin disease (LSD). Further studies on potential risk factors of LSD spread are necessary to improve measures on preventing and eliminating the disease.
Endo-perio lesions: diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment options
Authors: Dakó Timea , Lazăr Ana Petra , Bică Cristina Ioana , Lazăr Luminița
Published: August 2020

About 50% of tooth loss is caused by either endodontic infection, periodontal disease or the combination of the two in the form on endo-perio lesions (EPL). Combined EPL develop due to the intimate anatomic and functional relation between endodontic and periodontal tissues. Both the pulp and periodontium share the same embryologic and anatomic origin. The various pathways connecting the two, added up to the extremely alike microorganisms in both illnesses’ etiology, create a complex condition in which interdisciplinary approach is required. Despite numerous decades of literature describing these lesions, they remain a continuous challenge for practitioners in both diagnosing and managing. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of various aspects of the combined EPL and to emphasize the importance of making a correct diagnosis and adopting the appropriate treatment method in the management of these challenging situations.
In vitro study about the abutment axial wall’s convergence
Authors: Cerghizan Diana , Crăciun Adriana , Albu Aurița , Baloș Monica , Jánosi Kinga Mária
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The total convergence of the axial walls is the angle made between the opposing axial walls of an abutment. The lower the taper value, the better the retention of the crowns is. Obtaining a proper convergence of the axial wall is a challenge for dental practitioners due to limited access and low visibility, but it also greatly depends on the clinician’s practical skills.

This study aims to compare the total convergence of axial walls obtained after tooth preparation done by different experience practitioners in various positions of the patient and different working time (different days of the week, various parts of the day).

Materials and methods: To perform this study, 40 acrylate model teeth have been prepared by two last year dental students and two prosthetists. All of them performed two teeth preparations per day in every working day of a week. All the prepared teeth have been photographed, and digitally measured.

Results: The extremely statistically significant difference was found in the two beginners’ case, the values of the second beginner being much higher, as in the two experienced operators, where the values are higher for the second prosthetist.

Conclusion: The total convergence of the axial wall did not depend on the operators’ experience or education level.
Evaluation of the correlation between impacted canine and malocclusions
Authors: Pop Silvia Izabella , Contac Laura Roxana , Ghiman Andrei , Moldovan Denisa , Suciu Victor , Kantor Janos , Bratu Dana Cristina , Buduru Smaranda Dana
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Tooth impaction is defined as the absence of a tooth on the arch, after its normal eruption age. The main reason canines are impacted is the lack of space required for the tooth to erupt.

Aim of study: The main objective of this study is to determine the types of malocclusions associated with canine impaction (Lindauer classification). A secondary objective is to establish the correlation between these parameters and identification of subjects with high risk of canine impaction based on pre-existing malocclusion.

Material and methods: This study was performed on a sample of 20 patients, 9 men and 11 women. The dental casts were subject to Angle classification and various measurements such as arch perimeter, Pont’s index, sum of the mesiodistal width of the incisor and arch length were performed. The Lindauer sectorial classification was determined based on the patients’ panoramic radiography.

Results: According to the data collected, the Class II /2 malocclusion is more frequent, and it is associated with the impacted canine (approximately 50%). According to the Lindauer classification higher frequency of the impacted canines was found in Sector IV.

Conclusion: The diagnosis for impacted canines is often associated with Class II /2 malocclusion, and according to the Sector classification, it is often localised in Sector IV.
Rehabilitation of the frontal teeth with palatal veneers by using T-Scan occlusal analysis - case report
Authors: Janosi Kinga Mária , Albu Aurița , Crăciun Adriana , Cerghizan Diana
Published: August 2020

Pathological tooth wear occurs in young patients. The rehabilitation of these teeth must be performed accurately, considering the occlusal relationships and the correct distribution of the masticatory forces. The therapeutic approach must be as minimally invasive as possible.

In this case presentation, six palatal veneers were realized for the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a young patient’s upper frontal teeth. The restorations were made on refractory casts, from feldspathic ceramics, allowing a proper esthetic. The occlusal rehabilitation involves the mounting of the casts in a semi-adjustable articulator. The six veneers were adapted functionally by using the Bio-Art A7 Plus articulator. Due to the adhesive techniques and the existing interocclusal space at this level, the teeth’s preparation was limited to the enamel. The deep chamfer was placed equigingivally. During the try-in of the restorations, the esthetic evaluation was done. The adhesive technique was used to bond the veneers to the tooth surfaces. After the cementation, the esthetical results were evaluated. During the prosthodontic treatment, T-Scan III digital analysis was performed to detect occlusal problems, to establish the treatment directions, and to evaluate the results.

Conclusions: The use of the adhesively bonded feldspathic palatal veneers allows a successful esthetic and functional rehabilitation. The digital occlusal analysis, realized using the T-Scan system, improves the prosthodontic treatment quality and durability.