bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Құрманғазы атындағы Қазақ ұлттық халық аспаптар оркестрінің музыкалық шебері – Қамар Қасымов
Authors: Джумабаев Асет , Бердібай Айжан
Published: June 2024

The significance of the Kurmangazy Kazakh National Orchestra of Folk Instruments for the culture of Kazakhstan is immense, and the local cultural community celebrates its 90th anniversary this year. In 1934, the task of academizing the Kazakh Folk Orchestra, following the model of Andreyev Russian Folk Orchestra, necessitated innovations. Specifically, the reconstruction of certain Kazakh musical instruments was undertaken by a group of Kazakh musical instrument artisans, including Kamar Kassymov (1893–1966).This article aims to highlight the historical contribution of K. Kassymov to both the reconstruction and development of Kazakh orchestral instruments. The article addresses four key tasks:1. Familiarization with sources: This includes exploring personal information about K. Kassymov, his life and creative path, as well as the reconstruction of Kazakh musical instruments.2. Characteristics of parameters: Specifically, the methods for making strings and attaching frets to the dombra neck.3. Determining component dimensions: Comparing the body construction of the West Kazakhstan dombra with its East Kazakhstan variety.4. Introducing dombra parts’ designations: K. Kassymov’s unique terms related to dombra components.The study employs complex and systematic approaches, including the systemic-ethnophonic method (developed by Igor Matsievsky) and comparative-typological analysis. Morphological and ergological analyses were conducted while studying the West Kazakhstan dombra body and its Eastern Kazakh variety.The results of the study not only shed light on K. Kassymov’s innovations but also contribute to the revival of traditional Kazakh music terminology related to dombra components. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced by Kazakh musical instrument state workshops, considering the achievements of both K. Kassymov and his contemporaries.
Поступление, экспонирование и концептуализация «живописи новейших направлений» в Государственном музее искусств Узбекистана в 1920-х годах
Authors: Овчинников Михаил
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the history of the first inclusion of avant-garde artists’ works in the collection of the Uzbekistan State Museum of Arts. It explores the attempts to create an exhibition of “contemporary painting” in the museum’s first building and the conceptualization of this new section by its curators. For the first time, certain documents related to these processes are published and analyzed. The documents stored in Russian State Archive of Literature and Art shed light on the circumstances surrounding the transfer of 59 works to the Turkestan Art Museum by the Museum Bureau of the Department of Fine Arts of the People’s Commissariat for Education in March–April 1921. They also suggest that the initiators of this process intended to replicate the model of the Museum of Painting Culture in Tashkent. Among the initiators was the artist and art historian Viktor Midler, who was employed by Narkompros in Tashkent during that time. Documents from the archive of Uzbekistan State Museum of Arts reveal the subsequent fate of the works transferred from Moscow to Tashkent in the 1920s. The article examines the exhibition concepts related to “contemporary painting” developed by the museum curators, allowing us to trace the evolution of the Soviet government’s attitude toward avant-garde art through its official cultural institutions. Of particular interest are the archival records that highlight the role of Alexander Volkov, a leading modernist artist in Tashkent, in shaping the new painting exhibition at the Art Museum. This article introduces documents and data into scholarly discourse, providing an accurate reconstruction of events related to the formation of the SMAU collection in its early years and analyzing the museum’s scholarly and exhibition activities in the field of avant-garde art during the 1920s.
Flujo de potencia en redes de distribución
Authors: Herrera Bríñez María Camila , Montoya G. Oscar Danilo , Grisales Noreña Luis Fernando
Published: June 2024

Este libro presenta nueve
metodologías para la solución del problema de flujo de potencia en redes de
distribución de energía con modelado monofásico. Los métodos numéricos
desarrollados se dividen en metodologías libres de derivadas y metodologías
basadas en derivadas, cuya característica principal es asociada a la tasa de
convergencia que, para el primer caso, presenta una tendencia lineal, mientras
que para el segundo caso presenta una convergencia cuadrática.Cada una de las metodologías
de flujo de potencia se valida mediante el desarrollo de rutinas
computacionales implementadas en el entorno de programación del software
MATLAB®, lo cual hace de esta obra un libro autocontenido que permite la
verificación de los resultados obtenidos con cada uno de los métodos numéricos
propuestos. Dentro de los métodos de flujo de potencia estudiados, se destacan
los algoritmos basados en teoría de grafos que incluyen el método triangular,
el método de barrido iterativo y el método de aproximaciones sucesivas. Para el
caso de los métodos basados en derivadas, se incluyen la aproximación del
producto y la aproximación hiperbólica, así como el método de Newton-Raphson.

Esta obra está dirigida a
estudiantes de ingeniería eléctrica a nivel de pregrado y maestría, ya que aborda
el problema de flujo de potencia para sistemas de distribución con modelado
monofásico desde un punto de vista numérico, a partir de la implementación
computacional de nueve algoritmos en el software MATLAB®.
THE INFLUENCE OF ELDERLY EXERCISE ON THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY IN CANDIMULYO VILLAGE, JOMBANG REGENCY
Authors: Hidayah Ardiyanti , Anggraini Rista Dian , Farida Siti Nur
Published: June 2024

Background: Physical health is anything related to the physical. There are many things you can do to improve physical health, such as exercise (physical activity), meeting nutritional needs, and mental health.
Objective: This research aimed to determine the effect of elderly exercise on the physical health of elderly people in Candimulyo Village, Jombang Regency.
Method: This type of research is an experiment with a one group pre-posttest design. with a sample of 15 people or total sampling, the level of physical health was measured by measuring resting and exercise pulses. The statistical test used in this research is the t-test.
Results: Based on the results of research and hypothesis testing carried out by researchers, the results of the pre-test and post-test resting pulse t-test were t-count 80.769 while t-table 1.761 (t-count 80.769 > t-table 1.761) with a significant level of α = 0.05 and the results of the pulse t-test The pre-test and post-test exercises were t-count 23.469 while t-table 1.761 (t-count 23.469 > t-table 1.761) with a significant level of α = 0.05.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that "There is a significant influence of elderly exercise on the physical health of the elderly in Candimulyo Village, Jombang Regency”.
Cinematic Orientalism: East-West Perception in Netflix's 'Swimmers'
Authors: Çelik Kemal
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes the movie "The Swimmers" using ideological and frame-by-frame film analysis methods. The themes, characters, and locations in the film are evaluated in the context of the critique of orientalism and self-orientalism, analyzing how ideological themes are processed and reinforced. The film associates concepts of faith and hope with Christianity, presenting Christian characters as saviors. While telling the story of Syrian refugees, the film chooses Christian and European-looking heroes, portraying Muslims negatively. Emphasizing the superiority of Western culture, the film depicts the Eastern world as backward and helpless. Countries such as Turkey are coded as dark and uncanny, while European countries are idealized. The positive portrayal of Greece praises European efforts towards refugees but creates a negative image of the Turkish Coast Guard. The orientalist and self-orientalist elements of the film are attempts to present an attractive narrative for Western audiences. The Muslim screenwriter's distortion of Eastern historical realities under Western producers' influence represents self-orientalism. This approach reflects an endeavor to present Eastern culture in line with Western perspectives to gain Western approval, reinforcing prejudices rather than fostering understanding of cultural and political differences.
Leveraging Intent Detection and Generative AI for Enhanced Customer Support
Authors: Katragadda Vamsi
Published: June 2024

Customer support plays a pivotal role in shaping customer satisfaction and fostering loyalty within any business. This paper delves into how the integration of intent detection and generative AI (GenAI) can transform customer support systems. At the core of this transformation is the ability to understand user intent, which is essential for directing customers effectively through the support funnel to the appropriate services. By employing sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) techniques, training LLM to perform RAG and machine learning models, businesses can precisely discern customer intents. This capability allows for the delivery of tailored, immediate responses. The paper further explores the methodologies employed, the advantages gained, and the challenges faced in the adoption of these advanced technologies in customer support systems.
التضامُّ في نماذج من صحيح الإمام البُخاري (دراسة في ضوءِ علم اللغة النَّصيِّ)
Authors: الشراري د. خالد صالح
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث المعنون (التضامُّ في نماذج من صحيح الإمام البُخاري) إلى إعادة قراءة تراثنا النحوي قراءةً لسانيةً معاصرةً من خلال المصاحبة اللغوية للنص الذي يُعَدُّ وحدةً لغويةً كبرى في دراسة النُّصوصِ وتحليلها، وهو ما يُسمِّيه علماء اللغة المحدثون (نحو النص).
تكونت الدراسة من مبحثين، تحدث الباحث في المبحث الأول بمقدمة تمهيدية عن صحيح البُخاريّ ومنهجه، كما تطرق إلى مفهوم علم اللغة النصي وأهدافه ووسائله، أما في المبحث الثاني، فقد عرَّف الباحث مفهوم ظاهرة التضامِّ، مبيّنًا من خلال هذه الظاهرة تحقيق التماسك والانسجام والربط والتلاحم لنماذج من أحاديث النبي صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ في صحيح البُخاريّ، وبيان الأسس والركائز الأساسية للعناصر النَّصِّية الرابطة التي اعتمد عليها النبي صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ في أحاديثه.
توصل البحث في نتائجه إلى أن المصاحبة اللغوية ظاهرة موجودة في العربية قديمًا، وذلك من خلال تماسك مكونات النَّص ووسائل الربط النَّصيِّ؛ كالسبك والحبك والربط والانسجام والضم والنسج والنظم وغيرها.
Frequency and Clinical Outcomes of Facial Nerve Palsy at District Level Teaching Hospital, Pakistan
Authors: Khattak Hafsah Gul , Hafsah Arshad  , Bibi Farhat  , Rimsha Nazli  , Muhammad Sarwar  , Hamza Tahir
Published: June 2024

Background: Facial nerve palsy, characterized by the dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve, is a common neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. It manifests as unilateral facial weakness or paralysis, with Bell's palsy being the most prevalent cause. This condition requires thorough clinical evaluation and appropriate management to ensure optimal recovery outcomes.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical outcomes of facial nerve palsy in patients presenting to a district-level teaching hospital in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 at the Physiotherapy Department of District Headquarter Hospital, Lakki Marwat. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of facial nerve palsy by a neurophysician were included, while those with congenital facial nerve palsy or upper motor neuron lesions were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained, and written informed consent was collected from all participants. Clinical assessments were performed using the House-Brackmann scale to evaluate the severity of facial nerve dysfunction. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to present the data.
Results: Out of 102 patients, 59 (57.9%) were male, and 43 (42.1%) were female, with a mean age of 38.2 ± 10.36 years. The majority of patients (41.1%) were in the 31-40 years age group. Right-side facial palsy was more prevalent, affecting 64 (62.7%) patients. The House-Brackmann grading revealed that 49 (48.2%) patients were in Grade IV, 24 (23.5%) in Grade V, 15 (14.7%) in Grade III, 8 (7.8%) in Grade VI, and 6 (5.8%) in Grade II. Bell’s palsy was the most common cause, accounting for 52 (51%) cases, followed by external trauma in 22 (21.6%) patients, infections in 18 (17.6%) patients, and tumors in 10 (9.8%) patients. Treatment outcomes showed complete recovery in 65 (63.7%) patients, incomplete recovery in 28 (27.5%), and no recovery in 9 (8.8%).
Conclusion: Facial nerve palsy was more common in male patients, with the right side of the face being predominantly affected. Bell’s palsy was identified as the leading cause. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, particularly physiotherapy, in managing facial nerve palsy. Further research is recommended to explore long-term outcomes and optimize treatment strategies.
Challenges Faced by Parents of Pediatric Burn Survivors: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Khan Imran , Ali Sardar , Mohammad Dildar , Sultan Amir , Shahfiullah  , Siraj Uddin
Published: June 2024

Background: Burn injuries compromise the integrity of skin, its appendages, and underlying tissues due to exposure to various agents including dry and moist heat, corrosive substances, and high voltage electric currents. Particularly in the pediatric population, these injuries not only affect the children but also significantly impact the lives and health of their parents.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges faced by parents of pediatric burn survivors at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Center in Hayatabad KPK Peshawar.
Methods: Employing a qualitative case study design, this research involved 10 participants selected via purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio-recorded, with non-verbal cues and expressions meticulously documented. Thematic analysis was utilized to derive codes, categories, and subsequently, themes from the data.
Results: Analysis revealed five major themes reflecting the challenges encountered by parents: socio-economic difficulties, psychological distress, physiological and physical health issues, spiritual anxiety with altered religious activities, and domestic violence and abuse. Specifically, 70% of participants experienced significant disruptions in their daily lives and interactions, while 100% reported financial hardships directly affecting their ability to manage the health care needs of their children.
Conclusion: The study underscores the extensive challenges that parents of pediatric burn survivors face, highlighting the necessity for healthcare professionals to adopt a holistic approach in treating burnt children while concurrently addressing parental difficulties. Effective identification and management of these challenges are crucial to improving health outcomes for both the children and their parents.
Psychological Distress, Coping Strategies and Social Support in Parents of Children with Leukemia
Authors: Tariq Muzamil , Dildar Muhammad  , Sardar Ali  , Shahla Arshad  , Amir Sultan  , Muhammad Nadim  , Iffat Aisha  , Sahib Jahan
Published: June 2024

Background: Leukemia poses significant distress for affected children and their families, necessitating extensive parental involvement in care. Parents must manage multiple clinic visits, medication administration, and provide emotional support during treatment, impacting their psychological well-being.
Objective: To assess the levels of psychological distress, coping strategies, and social support among parents of children with leukemia.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Bolan Medical Complex and Cenar Cancer Hospital in Quetta, Baluchistan. A total of 341 parents participated, with data collected via three standardized questionnaires: the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Ethical approval was granted by the Khyber Medical University Peshawar.
Results: Among the participants, 36.1% were aged 25-35 years; 61.9% were male. Educational levels were 73.9% secondary and 23.8% primary. Psychological distress was reported as moderate by 86%, while 76% utilized fair coping strategies, and 95% experienced medium social support. There was no significant correlation between psychological distress and coping strategies; however, a negative association was noted between social support and psychological distress.
Conclusion: The study reveals substantial psychological distress among parents, with prevalent fair coping strategies and medium social support. Enhanced social support is negatively associated with psychological distress, highlighting the need for targeted support interventions.
Incidence of Fear of Fall and Stairs Climbing Status in Older Adults After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Maqsood Tayyaba , Samad Mahnoor , Hamza Muhammad , Ghafoor Faiza , Ishfaq Asma , Noor Asma
Published: June 2024

Background: This research aimed to assess factors influencing the frequency and fear of falls, and the anxiety related to climbing stairs in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fall-related injuries are common complications after TKA, affecting daily activities and overall quality of life.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of falls, fear of falling, and stair climbing abilities in patients post-TKA.
Methods: The study included 183 patients who had undergone unilateral or bilateral TKA between 6 months to 1 year prior, encompassing both genders. Data were collected using the Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) scale through structured questionnaires.
Results: The mean age of participants was 68.78 years (SD=6.828, range 60-89). The mean total FES score was 64.11 (SD=10.712, range 37-91). Approximately 65% of patients had a high fear of falling and poor stair climbing status.
Conclusion: The study found that 65% of patients experienced fear of falling and difficulties in stair climbing post-TKA. Continued risk of falls necessitates providing physical therapy and comprehensive discharge training to mitigate fall risk and improve functional outcomes.
Role of Vitamin C in Skin Aging Mechanism-A Narrative Review
Authors: Khalid Aminah , Iqbal Zahid , Rehman Sami-Ur- , Yousaf Zainab
Published: June 2024

Background: The cosmetics industry has seen significant growth due to the pursuit of beauty and the increasing demand for anti-aging agents. These agents, derived from active ingredients like polyphenols, retinol, and pro-xylane, are categorized into synthetic, plant, and fermentation components. Among these, synthetic components such as vitamins A, B, and C are widely used. Vitamin C has long been utilized in food and medicine for its beneficial effects, including its crucial role in collagen formation. The aging process, while slow and prolonged, is significantly influenced by vitamin C, making it an indispensable component for skin health.
Objective: This study aimed to determine how vitamin C helps reduce aging and controls the mechanisms associated with skin aging.
Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing existing literature from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search included keywords like "Vitamin C," "skin aging," "collagen synthesis," "oxidative stress," and "melanogenesis." Studies included were peer-reviewed, written in English, and published within the last 20 years. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were considered to assess the biochemical functions of vitamin C, its protective roles against UV radiation, and its therapeutic potential in various skin conditions. Data were critically analyzed, focusing on study designs, sample sizes, and statistical analyses.
Results: Vitamin C was found to enhance collagen synthesis, with studies showing a significant increase in collagen production (Makrantonaki & Zouboulis, 2007). Its antioxidant properties effectively neutralized reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress and preventing DNA damage, with a reduction of ROS levels by 30-50% in UV-exposed skin cells (Rinnerthaler et al., 2015). Inhibitory effects on melanogenesis were observed, with vitamin C reducing melanin synthesis by 25% (Shimada et al., 2009). Additionally, therapeutic benefits were noted in treating acne, psoriasis, and hyperpigmentation, with a 40% improvement in acne scars (Chawla, 2014) and a 35% reduction in psoriasis symptoms (Soodgupta et al., 2014).
Conclusion: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health and combating aging through various mechanisms, including enhancing collagen synthesis, providing antioxidant protection, inhibiting melanogenesis, and treating skin diseases. Its consistent findings across multiple studies support its continued use in clinical and cosmetic dermatology. Further research with standardized methodologies is recommended to optimize its application and fully understand its potential.
Prevention of the Growth of Fungi and Aflatoxins in Bread Leftovers Used as Animal Feed
Authors: Ameen Mavra , Iqbal Amna , Khalid Fatima , Hassan Ahmed , Aslam Muhammad Usama , Arif Anam , Naseer Saira , Sardar Farrukh
Published: June 2024

Background: Aflatoxin contamination poses a significant threat to food safety, particularly in bread products used as animal feed. This review explores various strategies for preventing fungal growth and aflatoxin production.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of traditional and emerging decontamination methods for managing aflatoxin contamination in food commodities, with a focus on bread products.
Methods: A systematic review of literature from databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted, focusing on studies published in the last two decades. The review included chemical, physical, and biological decontamination methods, as well as natural antifungal agents derived from medicinal plants.
Results: Chemical methods such as sodium hypochlorite and sodium bisulfite showed varying degrees of efficacy in reducing aflatoxin levels. Natural antifungal agents like garlic, neem leaves, and eucalyptus leaves demonstrated significant antifungal properties. The prevalence of aflatoxins in bread samples varied across different countries, highlighting the global challenge of aflatoxin contamination.
Conclusion: Emerging decontamination methods offer promising alternatives to traditional techniques for managing aflatoxin contamination. Further research is needed to optimize these methods and ensure their safety for human consumption.
Classification of Oral Ulcers and its Treatment by focusing on Exosome Loaded Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Fatima Shahid  , Fatima Javed  , Hashmat Gul  , Muhammad Kaleem  , Maryam Aftab  , Nazir Ahmed  , Faiza Shahid  , Sajawal Ahmad Toor  , Faheem Ullah
Published: June 2024

Background: Oral ulcers significantly impact patient quality of life, manifesting as acute or chronic lesions that can cause considerable discomfort and pain. These ulcers arise from a variety of etiological factors and disrupt daily activities due to the painful loss of mucosal tissue.
Objective: This review aims to elucidate the etiology and management of oral ulcers, with a focus on innovative treatment modalities involving hydrogels and exosomes.
Methods: We reviewed current literature on the pathology and treatment of oral ulcers. Special attention was given to the properties of hydrogels and exosomes, their biomedical applications, and their roles in new therapeutic strategies for oral ulcers.
Results: Hydrogels, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and controlled release properties, have emerged as effective drug delivery systems. Exosomes, loaded within these hydrogels, enhance treatment outcomes due to their high cellular communication capacity and anti-inflammatory properties.
Conclusion: Innovative treatments utilizing hydrogels and exosomes offer promising alternatives for the management of oral ulcers, potentially improving drug delivery efficiency and patient compliance.
Frequency of Different Causes of Upper GI Bleed Using Endoscopic Procedure
Authors: Attari Salman Ali , Chandar Kumar  , Sahar Sultana  , Adil Hassan  , Muhammad Faizan Ali  , Muhammad Sadik Memon
Published: June 2024

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a significant clinical emergency that necessitates swift and precise diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Due to its diverse etiologies, ranging from peptic ulcers to variceal bleeding, understanding these causes is crucial for effective management.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of various causes of upper GI bleeding through endoscopic examination.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Hyderabad, involving 150 hemodynamically stable patients who had fasted for 6 to 8 hours. A comprehensive physical examination and detailed medical history preceded the endoscopic procedures. Data were captured on a structured proforma and analyzed using SPSS software, version 26.0.
Results: The cohort's mean age was 50.35 years (range 18-85 years), with a male predominance of 72%. Variceal bleeding was the most common finding (64.7%), followed by peptic ulcers (24%), Mallory-Weiss tears (12.7%), vascular anomalies (13.3%), gastric ulcers (7.3%), duodenal ulcers (6%), erosive gastritis (3.3%), and esophagitis (2.7%).
Conclusion: Upper GI bleeding predominantly affects older adult males, with variceal bleeding accounting for about two-thirds of cases. The diversity of underlying causes highlights the need for accurate diagnostics and tailored treatments for high-risk groups.
To Evaluate the Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity and Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Arils Juice
Authors: Wasila Humaira , Janat Ul Mawa  , Imran Ahmed  , Lubna Pervez  , Murad Ali  , Maria Munir  , Nabila Khan  , Kalsoom Bibi  , Muhammad Zubair
Published: June 2024

Background: Pomegranate, belonging to the Punicaceae family, thrives in semi-arid, mild temperate to sub-tropical climates. Known for its health-promoting properties, pomegranate juice contains a variety of bioactive compounds that contribute to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of storage on the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of juice from three pomegranate varieties—Ghandhri, Bedana, and Tarnab Gulabi.
Methods: Fresh juices were extracted from the arils of the three pomegranate varieties and stored at 5-10°C. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the Folin-Cioalteu reagent for total phenols and tannins, while antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using standard microbiological techniques. Mineral content (iron, zinc, and calcium) was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (model 2380). Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistic 8.1, utilizing ANOVA with a two-factorial design.
Results: Tarnab Gulabi juice exhibited the highest phenolic content (571.3611±3.41 mgGaE/100ml) and antioxidant activity (81.12%). Ghandhri juice had the highest flavonoid (145.425±2.08 mgQuE/100ml) and anthocyanin concentrations (16.119±4.87 mgCyE/100ml), while Bedana showed the greatest tannin content (14.6046±11.5 mg/100ml). The study highlighted a significant reduction in phytochemicals due to storage, with marked antibacterial efficacy noted against E. coli and Citrobacter.
Conclusion: Storage negatively affects the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate juice. Fresh juice retains more bioactive compounds and exhibits higher antibacterial activity compared to stored juice. Varietal differences significantly influence the nutritional and functional qualities of the juice.
Knowledge and Perception of Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rauf Amna , Shafi Muhammad Tariq , Sadiq Samreen , Asim Hafiz Muhammad , Ahmad Hafiz Umar
Published: June 2024

Background: Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) is a novel metric designed to quantify the health benefits of physical activity based on individual heart rate data. Previous studies have demonstrated that maintaining a PAI score of 100 or more per week can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, enhancing overall quality of life. However, awareness and acceptance of PAI among healthcare professionals and the general public are limited. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding PAI among medical students, who are pivotal in promoting health awareness and behaviors.
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) among medical students at Lahore Medical and Dental College.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, from June 2023 to December 2023, at the Lahore College of Physical Therapy, LMDC. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed, resulting in a sample size of 300 participants, determined using the Taro Yamane formula with a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 error margin. Participants included medical students aged 18-28 years who provided informed consent. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire, which was reviewed by 12 academic and 5 clinical faculty members for reliability and validity. The questionnaire, converted to a Google Form, comprised sections on general information, PAI awareness, physical activity levels, and the use of fitness trackers. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25, with categorical variables summarized as numbers and percentages, and continuous variables as means ± standard deviation.
Results: Out of 300 participants, 72% were female and 28% were male, with a mean age of 21.53 ± 1.94 years. Regarding wearable devices, 45.8% used them for assessing physical activity. Awareness of PAI was low, with 23.7% familiar with it, 36% having heard of it, and 40.3% unaware. Only 11% had used PAI to track physical activity. Most students (82.8%) strongly believed in the importance of regular physical activity. The use of fitness trackers showed that 36% were currently using such devices, and among them, 63% included PAI features. However, confidence in interpreting PAI data was limited, with only 10.7% feeling very confident.
Conclusion: The study revealed a significant lack of awareness regarding PAI among medical students, despite a generally positive attitude towards its potential benefits. There is a need for enhanced educational efforts to improve PAI knowledge and integration into medical curricula, addressing barriers such as device availability and data interpretation.
Evaluation of Acute Intracerebral hemorrhage using Computed-Tomography and Magnetic Resonance imaging from Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Loqman Shah  , Amir Afzal Khan  , Rubina Fazal  , Hina Gul  , Gulzar Azam  , Pashmina Afridi
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of stroke characterized by bleeding within the brain parenchyma, posing high risks of mortality and disability. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to evaluate the detection and diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute ICH.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage and assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to June 2023 at Rehman Medical Institute and Kuwait Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample size was 110 patients, and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: Out of 110 patients, 38 (34.5%) were aged 49-66. All patients (100%) had subarachnoid or other types of hemorrhage confirmed on scans. Hypertension was present in 41 (37.3%) patients, while 69 (62.7%) were not hypertensive. Loss of consciousness was observed in 26 (23.6%) patients, whereas 84 (76.4%) did not experience it. Subdural/epidural hematomas were found in 28 (25.5%) patients, and 82 (74.5%) had no such hematomas.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the capabilities of detection and diagnostic accuracy of the computed tomography scan in acute intracerebral hemorrhage are superior to magnetic resonance imaging due to higher sensitivity and faster image acquisition time.
The Effect of Plyometric Exercises on Physical Fitness and Technical Skills of Football Players
Authors: Rehman Asim Abdul , Awan Waqar Ahmed , Mahrang Buzdar  , Shivam Sachdev  , Ibtahaj ul Islam  , Hassni Mohsin Ali , Noor Nabi Qureshi
Published: June 2024

Background: Football is a physically demanding sport requiring players to possess a balance of strength, endurance, agility, and speed. Plyometric exercises have gained popularity among football players due to their potential to enhance explosive strength and speed, crucial for successful performance on the field.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of plyometric exercises on the technical and physical skill sets of football players in Quetta, Balochistan.
Methods: A randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted involving 32 football players who were randomly assigned to either a plyometric training group or a conventional training group. Both groups participated in upper and lower body exercises over an eight-week period. Data collection included assessments at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks of the intervention. Physical fitness was evaluated using tests such as the vertical jump, 505 agility, and three-hop test, while technical skills were assessed using head juggling, figure 8 dribbling, controlled speed dribbling, power shooting, and pass and receiving tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing one-way and mixed ANOVA to analyze the interaction and main effects.
Results: The mean age of players in the plyometric group was 25.31 ± 5.05 years, and in the conventional group, it was 24.68 ± 4.81 years. The plyometric group showed significant improvements in all physical and technical tests compared to the conventional group. Specifically, the vertical jump improved from 18.33 ± 1.03 cm at baseline to 29.00 ± 2.21 cm at the 8th week (F=123.1, p<0.001) in the plyometric group, while the conventional group improved from 18.31 ± 2.44 cm to 25.56 ± 1.68 cm (F=75.90, p<0.001). Similar trends were observed in agility, dribbling, and power shooting tests, where the plyometric group outperformed the conventional group significantly.
Conclusion: Plyometric exercises significantly improved the technical and physical skills of football players. These exercises enhance explosive power, speed, agility, and coordination, all of which are essential for football performance. Incorporating plyometric training into regular practice sessions is recommended for optimizing player performance.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Color and Spectral Doppler in Identifying Endometrial Cancer in Post-Menopausal Menometrorrhagial Patients with Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ahmad , Habib Sana , Khan Bushra Akmal , Altuf Laamia , Arshad Saima , Mussarat Iqra , Ghazanfar Sidra
Published: June 2024

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in postmenopausal women, often presenting with postmenopausal hemorrhage. Traditional diagnostic methods are invasive, prompting the need for less intrusive, accurate alternatives.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosing endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women presenting with hemorrhage, using histopathology as the gold standard.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024, involving 140 postmenopausal women. Participants underwent transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography, including color and spectral Doppler assessments. Doppler findings were compared with histopathological outcomes following biopsy.
Results: Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.63%, specificity of 65.22%, positive predictive value of 92.00%, negative predictive value of 37.50%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 76.43%. Stratification analysis further indicated that the accuracy exceeded 90% in detecting endometrial cancer.
Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography is a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with hemorrhage. It offers high sensitivity and specificity, reducing the necessity for invasive diagnostic procedures.
Postoperative Sore Throat Following General Surgical Procedures under General Anesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Ali Jawad , Rahman Abdur , Shagufta  , Khan Khalid , Nawaz Shah , Din Zia Ud
Published: June 2024

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complication following general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, significantly impacting patient comfort and satisfaction. Despite being considered a minor issue by healthcare providers, POST remains a substantial concern for patients. The incidence of POST varies widely among different studies, necessitating further investigation into its prevalence and contributing factors.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of postoperative sore throat among patients undergoing elective and general surgeries requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia at two teaching hospitals in KPK, Pakistan, and to identify factors associated with its occurrence.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023 at Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, and Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar. A total of 295 patients aged 18-65 years, with ASA physical status I or II, undergoing elective and general surgeries with tracheal intubation, were included using a convenience sampling technique. Exclusion criteria included unwilling participants, those with preoperative sore throat, emergency surgeries, and ASA physical status III or IV. Data were collected on patient demographics, surgical details, and postoperative symptoms. Patients were interviewed 1 to 2 hours post-surgery about symptoms such as throat pain, dysphagia, thirst, and hoarseness. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables. The study adhered to ethical standards in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Results: Out of 295 patients, 115 (38.9%) experienced postoperative sore throat. Among males, 30.5% (41/134) reported POST, whereas 45.9% (74/161) of females were affected. Age-wise, 22.3% (44/197) of patients aged 18-30 years reported POST, compared to 85.0% (23/27) aged 31-40 years, 75.5% (34/45) aged 41-55 years, and 53.8% (14/26) aged over 56 years. The incidence of POST was higher with larger ETT sizes: 13.9% (9/65) for size 6.0, 29.9% (29/97) for size 6.5, 61.5% (24/39) for size 7.0, and 63.6% (42/66) for size 7.5. Only 3.5% (1/28) of patients using LMA reported POST. Surgical procedure duration also influenced POST incidence: 33.9% (18/53) for incision and drainage, 37.0% (33/89) for appendectomy, 44.6% (21/47) for laparotomy, 35.4% (11/31) for hernia repair, and 42.6% (32/75) for other surgeries.
Conclusion: The study identified a 38.9% incidence of postoperative sore throat among patients undergoing surgeries with tracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Factors such as gender, age, ETT size, and type of surgical procedure significantly influenced the occurrence of POST. Awareness and specific guidelines are essential to manage and reduce the incidence of POST, thereby improving patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Addressing Knowledge Gaps on Surgical Site Infections: A Multi-Center Study in District Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Aizaz , Gul Ayesha , Chishti Hira , Ikram Sumbal , Haq Fazal , Hadi Saima , Jehan Hilla
Published: June 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose significant global health challenges, increasing mortality and healthcare costs. Effective prevention of SSIs is imperative for ensuring patient safety and maintaining high-quality surgical care standards.
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge levels of SSIs and associated wound infection risks among surgical staff in district hospitals throughout Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods: A comprehensive 20-item multiple-choice questionnaire was developed collaboratively with certified surgeons and based on extensive literature review. The survey assessed knowledge concerning SSIs and related risk factors among a diverse group of surgical staff, including consultants, specialists, residents, and medical interns, at various district hospitals.
Results: Out of 250 participants, the distribution by job role was as follows: 132 interns (52.8%), 50 resident doctors (20%), 20 surgical technologists (8%), 33 surgical technicians (13.2%), and 15 specialist doctors (6%). Overall, 113 participants (45.2%) correctly identified the definition of an SSI. Regarding knowledge levels, 50 participants (20%) demonstrated good knowledge, 166 (66.4%) had fair knowledge, and 34 (13.6%) showed poor knowledge about SSIs.
Conclusion: The study identifies critical gaps in the knowledge of surgical staff at district hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa concerning SSIs. These findings underline the necessity for targeted educational interventions to elevate knowledge levels, enhance patient safety, and advance infection control practices.
Oral Parafucntional Habits and Their Association with Personality Trait of Conscientiousness
Authors: Masood Laiba , Fatima Hafeez  , Sameen Zohra  , Zaira Sibtain  , Darab Fatima Babry  , Syeda Maryam Fatima  , Hira Butt
Published: June 2024

Background: Personality traits significantly influence various behaviors, including oral parafunctional habits. Conscientiousness, characterized by organization, self-discipline, and goal orientation, is one of the Big Five personality traits. This study examines the relationship between conscientiousness and common oral parafunctional habits such as nail biting, teeth grinding, tooth clenching, biting hard objects, and chewing gum.
Objective: To assess the effect of conscientiousness on oral parafunctional habits.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2021 at Sharif Medical City. Participants completed the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to assess conscientiousness. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with significance set at p≤0.05.
Results: The scores of conscientiousness varied insignificantly across subgroups: nail biting (p=0.137), teeth grinding (p=0.629), tooth clenching (p=0.348), biting hard objects (p=0.082), and gum chewing (p=0.262). Conscientiousness was most prevalent in participants who engaged in nail biting, teeth grinding, tooth clenching, and gum chewing, and less prevalent in those who denied biting hard objects.
Conclusion: The conscientiousness personality trait was most prevalent in individuals who engaged in nail biting, teeth grinding, tooth clenching, and gum chewing. Conversely, it was less common among those who denied biting hard objects.
The Impact of Obesity on Joint Health and Outcomes after Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Iqbal Nusrum , Amina Gul Shehzar Khan  , Abdul Munaf Saud  , Syed Abdur Rub Abidi  , Tauseef Raza
Published: June 2024

Background: Obesity represents a significant general health concern worldwide, with its prevalence steadily increasing over ongoing decades.
Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the impact of obesity on joint health and outcomes after joint replacement surgery.
Methodology of the study: This retrospective study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore from January 2022 to August 2022. Data were collected from 185 obese patients who were suffering from joint pain. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) or other degenerative joint diseases requiring joint replacement surgery were included for the study.  Medical records of eligible patients were retrospectively reviewed to extract relevant demographic, clinical, and surgical information, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, joint pathology, surgical approach, intraoperative findings, complications, and postoperative outcomes.
Results: Data were collected from 185 patients from both genders. Mean age of the patients was 58.89±2.35 years. Out of 185 there were 111 female and 74 male patients. 60% of the patients undergoes TKA and 40% THA. The study included 185 patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, with 40.5% classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and 59.5% as non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m²). This distribution highlights the prevalence of obesity in the study population, underscoring its significance as a key factor in joint health and outcomes following surgery.
Conclusion: It is concluded that obese patients undergoing joint replacement surgery may face higher risks of surgical complications, functional impairments, and joint problems, the procedure remains effective in restoring function and enhancing quality of life.
Energy Project Management with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology into energy project management has emerged as a significant trend. This paper presents an extensive review and analysis of AI applications in this domain, emphasizing areas such as data analysis and prediction, intelligent optimization, risk management, and decision support systems. We systematically review the current literature, highlighting the critical role of AI in enhancing energy project management. Our discussion encompasses existing research outcomes and future development trajectories, aiming to furnish valuable insights and guidance for both research and practical applications in the field.
Scanning Electron Microscope Micromorphology Characterization of Coal Samples from No.3 Coal Seam in Chengzhuang Mine Area
Authors: Chen Zenan
Published: June 2024

Matrix pores in coal reservoirs are important storage sites for adsorbed and free state CBM, and their adsorption amount is closely related to the development of pores and pore structure characteristics in coal. In this paper, coal samples from No. 3 coal seam of Chengzhuang coal mine were taken as the research object, and the microscopic morphology of coal matrix pore fissures was studied by scanning electron microscope. The results found that: in the coal samples of the study area, the pneumatic pores and dissolution pores are especially developed, and more fissures are developed at the same time due to the influence of tectonic action on the coal seam. The coal samples of Chengzhuang No.3 coal seam have many kinds of pore morphologies, mainly including round, wedge-shaped, triangular, slit-shaped and some irregular pores. The morphology, size and distribution of these pores have an important influence on the physical and chemical properties of the coal seam, which provides an important experimental basis for further research on the physical and chemical properties of coal seams and their roles in CBM adsorption, transportation and mining processes.