bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and comparative analysis of ADRs of various ART regimens: experience of our medical college from Western Himalayan region
Authors: Sood Atal , Prajapati Himani , Bhagra Suruchi , Bansal Rekha
Published: January 2017

Background: It is estimated that there are 35.3 million PLHA worldwide and 1.6 million have received ART. ART is freely available in designated ART Centres. HAART (highly active antiretroviral treatment) has significantly reduced AIDS related morbidity and mortality. It involves using three different drugs from two different classes. The main challenge in prescribing HAART is ADRs associated with it affecting patient compliance and treatment outcomes.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the ADR monitoring Centre of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.Results: The data for ADEs was collected from 108 patients over a period of 17 months. A total of 280 ADEs were reported in 65 females and 43 males. TLE was the commonest regimen in 61 (56%) patients followed by ZLN in 37 (34%). Neurological ADRs were reported in 39.8% cases with TLE that was nearly double as reported with ZLN regimen 20.5%. Dermatological ADRs were highest with other regimens (57.4%) followed by ZLN 20.5%. Similarly the frequency of Gastrointestinal ADR was highest with other regimens. Hematological ADRs were maximum with ZLN (22.9%) followed by TLE (3.3%). Most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (10.7%), rashes (8.2%), anorexia and dyslipidemia (6.8%), asthenia (6.4%), pruritus (6%), joint pains (4.6%), insomnia, alopecia and vomiting (4.3%), numbness or parasthesia (3.9%), hepatotoxicity (3.6%) and deranged RFTs (1.8%).Conclusions: The real burden of ADRs due to ART cannot be estimated until voluntary and mandatory reporting system of ADRs works efficiently. A structured surveillance of the pharmacovigilance system can help to overcome these hurdles to ensure compliance with ART regimens.
The nutritional, hormonal and vitamin status in overweight and obesity
Authors: Kamel Snaa A. , Alelwan Mohammed K. , Alqahtani Ahmed S.
Published: January 2017

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic which is increasing dramatically in overwhelming rates among males and females of all age categories in developing and developed countries.Methods: The first phase of the project involves the questionnaires which apply to all the Participants in research. We also use the lab investigation to determine the abnormality in overweight and obese people. Then we will analysis and combine the results to others research and give output and recommendation that we hope helping us to limiting of increase incidence of obesity.Results: sample show that high cholesterol above normal average approximately in 31.05% of the participants while the triglyceride rate increased in 31.67%. A lack of vitamin D, as the rate did not exceed 18±6.8, in individuals with the BMI 25-29, and to be 13±8.82, in individuals with the BMI>30. Vitamin B12 rate became borderline in individuals with BMI 25-29, and deficient in individuals with BMI>30.Conclusions: Obese Saudi individuals have several nutritional deficiencies specifically in vitamins D and B12 despite their overweight. Efforts should be focused to increase awareness of healthy and weight control.
Patterns and prevalence of benign breast disease in Western India
Authors: Hatim Kanpurwala Shaheen , Laxmikant Narayankar Shilpa , Mulla Tosif
Published: January 2017

Background: Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders including developmental abnormality, epithelial and stromal proliferation, inflammatory lesions and neoplasm. Benign breast lesions deserve attention because of their high prevalence, their impact on women’s life and due to cancerous potential of some histological types. Treatment of BBDS is preservation of breast tissue as far as possible in contrast to traumatizing mutilating surgeries in breast cancers.Methods: This study of 210 cases of histologically diagnosed benign breast lesions was carried out in the Department of Pathology, at tertiary care teaching hospital with attached peripheral hospitals in a metropolitan city of western India from August 2014 to August 2016.Results: Out of 210 benign lesions, 201 (95.7%) were found in females and 9 (4.3%) were found in males. Commonest benign breast lesion was fibroadenoma (77.62%), followed by fibrocystic disease (4.3%) and gynaecomastia (4.3%).Conclusions: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast disease. Most of the patients presented with painless lump in the breast in upper outer quadrant of the breast. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of benign breast diseases.
Simple cholecystectomy versus radical resection for stage Ⅱ gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Zheng-jun , Qiu Chan , Li Da-xing , Gong Jian-ping , Cheng Qian
Published: January 2017

Background: GBC was first reported more than two hundred years ago, but the poor therapeutic effect for GBC patients is still frustrating now, the 5-year survival rate is no more than 5%, and the mean survival time is only about half a year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of radical resection in the treatment of Nevin II and T1b stage gallbladder cancer (stage II GBC) by analyzing the survival rate and tumor recurrence rate after accepting simple cholecystectomy (SC) and radical resection (RR).Methods: PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases was searched from inception to February 2016. Quality assessment was conducted in each of the available studies by using the validated Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) for cohort and case-control studies. Publication bias was also assessed by using a funnel plot. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were employed to estimated effect size. All statistical analyses were carried out using Rev Man 5.2 software.Results: A total of fifteen studies encompassing 424 patients meeting the search criteria were included. Pooled analyses revealed that comparing to simple cholecystectomy, radical resection can significantly increase the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate of patients with stage IIGBC (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.83-5.89, P<0.0001; OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.49-4.28, P = 0.0006; OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.85-5.51, P<0.0001), and patients after radical resection have a significant lower tumor recurrence rate (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.80, P = 0.02).Conclusions: The short- and long-term survival rate of patients with stage II GBC following radical resection is obviously higher than that of patients receiving simple cholecystectomy, and the tumor recurrence rate is obviously lower. Radical resection would be a better choice for stage IIGBC.
Clinical evaluation of chronic lower limb ischaemia and their management
Authors: Hartimath Basavanandswami C. , Sangma Mima Maychet B.
Published: January 2017

Background: Chronic lower limb ischaemia is a clinical entity comprising of etiologies such as atherosclerosis, thromboangitis obliterans and other rare forms of non-specific and specific arteritis like SLE, Rheumatoid arteritis etc. In western countries atherosclerosis predominates, but in Indian subcontinent, TAO is much more common.Methods: A good clinical history and detailed clinical examination was done with the presumptive diagnosis of either TAO or Atherosclerosis. The degree of the vascular insufficiency and the extent of the disease were assessed clinically by noting the severity of the symptoms, ankle brachial index, temperature changes and assessment of pulsations. Doppler study was done in all patients. After a presumptive diagnosis, an essential laboratory investigation was done. Some of the patients were managed conservatively and others underwent surgery. The operative treatment was based on the symptoms and patient’s condition, with lumbar sympathectomy and amputations.Results: Chronic lower limb ischaemia accounts for 1.12% of all surgical admissions in a period of one year. Only two diagnosis were found in our study, namely Atherosclerosis obliterens (8 cases) and TAO (42) cases. Out of the 50 cases, 40 patients underwent some form of surgical treatment. Four patients were managed conservatively and 6 patients refused surgery. Both subjective improvements in pain relief and temperature were noted in 23 patients. Three patients did not show any changes, and 2 patients had progression of the disease and underwent below knee amputation later in the same study period.Conclusions: Though the role of lumbar sympathectomy had been debated in the recent past as a treatment modality for chronic lower limb ischaemia, it still remained an important interventional measure in limb salvage with good results.
Predictors of malignancy in solitary nodule thyroid
Authors: Paul Prasad , Ali Karatparambil Abid , Jasir Mohammed
Published: January 2017

Background: Solitary nodule thyroid is one of the common surgical problems and incidence of malignancy is also high compared to multinodular goiter. If you can avoid aggressive surgery in benign cases, we can reduce the occurrence of complications. So it’s important to look for the malignant predictors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the malignant predictors in solitary nodule thyroid.Methods: Total of 80 patients with solitary thyroid nodule were included in prospective study. The study was done from January 2015 to January 2016.Results: Most of the malignant cases are occurring in females’ middle age group. Most common one found to be papillary. Experienced radiologist can clearly detect malignancy preoperatively. Most common finding in USS is solid internal architecture.Conclusions: Solitary thyroid nodule is a common problem encountered in the surgical department and it has got a high malignant potential.
Gastrointestinal perforations: a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Devi Parimala S. , Manikantan Ganesh , M. Chisthi Meer
Published: January 2017

Background: In spite of the advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial molecules, gastrointestinal perforations still remain highly fatal. Delay in diagnosis as well as referral is often attributed to be the cause behind the high mortality caused by this condition. The aim of the study was to elucidate the etiological factors of gastro intestinal perforation as well as postoperative outcome among patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care centre.Methods: This was a Descriptive study of patients admitted with gastro intestinal perforation in the General Surgical wards of Government Medical College, Trivandrum from March 2014 to February 2015. The demographic, clinical, operative and post-operative findings were entered into a structured performa and analyzed statistically.Results: Atraumatic perforation was found to predominate over traumatic perforations. Most of the atraumatic perforations belong to the age groups between 21 and 30. Also, there is a high male predominance among these patients. Proximal gastrointestinal tract injuries predominate much more than distal ones. Increased morbidity is seen if there are associated co morbidities and risk factors including smoking and alcohol abuse. Mortality rate is highest in traumatic injuries involving colon and rectums.Conclusions: Mortality due to perforation peritonitis is still a challenge to the surgeon and burden to the society. Early diagnosis and treatment will positively alter the outcome of a gastrointestinal perforation and can be ensured only by timely arrival of the patients to hospital and subsequently by early intervention. This in turn depends mostly on strengthening the primary care and referral services.
Laparoscopic management of penetrating abdominal trauma
Authors: Saeed Mirza Faraz , Abualsel Abdul Menem , Ali Abbas , Ashfaq Mobeen
Published: January 2017

Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The National Trauma Institute ranks trauma as the number 1 cause of death in individuals aged 1-46 years, and the third leading cause of death across all age groups. Trauma cases are a common occurrence in the hospital with the abdomen being the third most commonly injured region. A decision between laparoscopy versus laparotomy as the most appropriate approach is still a matter of discussion. We present a case of a 30 years old male who presented with a penetrating stab wound on the anterior abdominal wall. After initial investigations and emergency management, a decision was reached for a laparoscopic approach in the definitive management of the patient. Following the procedure, the patient remained vitally stable and faced no other complications. This case highlights the importance of laparoscopic approach in penetrating abdominal trauma patients as it significantly reduces the amount of stress in traumatic patients, reduces hospital stay and allows for a faster recovery phase.
Kshar sutra in Pilonidal sinus: a minimal invasive modality of management
Authors: Akhtar Murtaza , Gupta Himanshu , Mishra Sunil , Rangwala Murtuza , Kad Anil
Published: January 2017

Pilonidal sinus is an infective condition between the natal cleft in young males. Chronic Pilonidal disease normally needs a surgical treatment for eradication of septic focus, which ranges from cutting of the tract to complex rotation flap. Kshar sutra is an age old treatment modality practiced since times of Sushruta. Lack of established evidence in the evidence based scenario is the rationale for current study. It is a tertiary care hospital based case series with inclusion criteria of pain and discharge in and around the natal cleft. Clinically diagnosed as Pilonidal sinus with two openings one in natal cleft and other outside the natal cleft. The patients with multiple sinuses, previous treatment and co-morbid conditions are excluded. The study factor was of Kshar sutra threading of Pilonidal Sinus done under local infiltration of anaesthesia around the tract and changed 2-3 times during entire treatment period on clinical judgement. The outcome factors were duration of cutting open of tract and duration for total healing, number of times Kshar sutra was changed and local complications. A total of 5 cases, all males with median age of 21 years and median presentation duration of 8 months were recruited. The median cutting duration of the tract was 23 days and total tract healing time was 29 days. Kshar sutra was changed 2-3 times during the entire duration of treatment. There was no post-operative complication and recurrence after 20.4 months of follow up. Kshar sutra is a minimal invasive procedure in Pilonidal sinus which has encouraging results but need large sample and an RCT to provide quality evidence.
A prospective study regarding cardiovascular manifestations following snake bite
Authors: M. S. Anitha , Nandimath Viresh A. , Bandichhode Sachin T.
Published: January 2017

Background: Snake bite is an occupational hazard especially of agricultural workers. Through snake bite venom, a complex mixture of various enzymes, polypeptides and toxins are injected into body of the victim. Clinical features of snake bite include local effects such as pain, swelling, cellulitis, tissue necrosis and lymphadenopathy. Snake bite and its common complications like nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and haemorrhagic manifestations have always been stressed. The cardiovascular abnormalities following snake bite was relatively less stressed complication; hence the present study has been conducted. Aim of the study was to observe clinical, electrocardiographic and cardiac changes following snake bite.Methods: Present prospective study has been conducted in emergency ward of medicine department of K. R. Hospital, Mysore, India during the period from July 2004 to May 2005.Results: In the present study 80% of cases were in second and third decade of life. Male patients were outnumbered female patients. 70% of cases were from agricultural background. Distal part of the body was the most common site involved in snake bite, 82% of cases presented within 24 hours of snake bite. Cardiac manifestations were seen in 36% of cases in the form of hypotension, ECG changes and elevated cardiac enzymes.Conclusions: Cardiovascular system involvement following snake bite was not rare, it was mandatory to record ECG and estimate cardiac enzymes as soon as possible in detecting cardiotoxic effects following snake bite.
A prospective study to analyze the clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue fever in Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India
Authors: Shekar E. Chandra , Laxminarayana . , Kishan B. , Kumar Suresh , Rao Bikshapati
Published: January 2017

Background: Dengue is the most common mosquito borne endemo-epidemic arboviral infection in many of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Dengue virus (DEN) is a small single-stranded RNA virus comprising of four distinct serotypes (DEN-1 to -4). Dengue virus infections were grouped into three categories: undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). This study was done to analyze the clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue fever.Methods: 100 patients admitted to AMC / IMC / WARDS of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital Warangal, Telangana, India during the period November 2012 - October 2013, presenting with acute febrile illness who are IgM seropositive for dengue and satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients belonging to the age group of above 12 years, belonging to both sexes were selected and included in the study group.Results: A total of 100 patients admitted to our hospital with fever and IgM dengue positive were studied. Out of 100 patients, 81 (81%) patients were diagnosed to have DF. 10 (10%) patients were diagnosed to have dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 9 (9%) patients were diagnosed to have dengue shock syndrome (DSS) based on WHO criteria. The present study included 53 (53%) male patients and 47 (47%) female patients. Male to female ratio is 1.13:1.Conclusions: In our study classical dengue fever was the most common clinical presentation followed by complicated forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. On investigation deranged liver function tests, renal function tests, ascites, hepatospleenomegaly on ultrasonography and pleural effusion on chest radiography are more commonly seen in patients with DHF and DSS. Platelet count does not correlate with the severity of the disease.
Infrascapular granular cell tumor: an unusual entity
Authors: Khan Sabina , Jetley Sujata
Published: January 2017

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor of schwannian origin frequent among women and blacks between the second and sixth decades of life. The common location of GCT is the oral cavity, but it can also occur at other sites. Cutaneous lesions constitute about 30% of cases and are characterized by a gradually developing nodular lesion. Due to their subtle clinical appearance and symptomatology, GCTs are often misdiagnosed. We report a case of subcutaneous GCT in the infrascapular region in a 40 year old female which mimicked granular cell dermatofibroma on histopathology. Although a rare entity, Granular cell tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the subcutaneous soft tissue tumours and require histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate them from other benign and malignant tumors showing granular cell change.
Awareness of sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer among women in urban slums of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Naik D. D. , Donta Balaiah , Nair Saritha , Mali B. N.
Published: January 2017

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Due to this disease 80 percent die at an advance stage. This may be due to lack of awareness and knowledge, lack of access to proper treatment including screening facility. This study is undertaken with an objective to investigate knowledge attitude, practice and health seeking behaviour about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical cancer among eligible women in a slum community in Mumbai.Methods: Baseline data of women was drawn from an intervention study entitled “Enhancing knowledge and promoting health seeking behaviour of couples on sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer in urban slums of Mumbai” for this article. This data was collected from a random sample of 1958 women in reproductive age group through a semi-structured interview schedule from two urban slums of Mumbai. Information was collected on socio-economic and demographic characters, awareness and symptoms of STIs and cervical cancer, and health seeking behaviour.Results: The study revealed that majority of women had heard about the STIs, 37.7 percent were aware of cervical cancer whereas only 3.6 percent of women were aware of Pap smear test. About 11 percent of women experienced at least one symptom of STI, 0.3 percent of women reported of having sexual partner other than spouse. Most women were not aware of STIs symptoms specific to men.Conclusions: Study concludes that the need to disseminate knowledge regarding STI symptoms, cervical cancer and Pap smear test for early detection of cervical cancer as well as promoting better health seeking behaviour with respect to cervical cancer and STIs. Considering of sensitivity of the topic it is necessary to design separate programmes for women.
Biomedical waste management practices in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive study in Srinagar, Garhwal, India
Authors: Lohani Naman , Dixit Sumeet
Published: January 2017

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) is generated in every health facility, which if not disposed off properly poses a risk for health and environment. Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal are vital steps for safe and scientific management of biomedical waste in any establishment. The objective were to assess the biomedical waste management (BMWM) practices and knowledge regarding BMWM  in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital during July and August 2014. Hospital waste management practices were observed by making visits to the waste collection sites at different sites of the hospital and for assessment of knowledge regarding waste management a total of 113 health care personnel were interviewed.Results: The overall mean score for “Condition of waste receptacles” was 44.3%. The mean score for segregation of waste was 77%, for mutilation of recyclable waste the mean score was 88% and the disinfection mean score was 72%.  There were some good practices observed like presence of posters regarding disposal of BMW in most places, availability of gloves, masks etc. to the workers collecting BMW .There was no separate route for transport of biomedical waste. The knowledge regarding BMWM was not satisfactory among the participants and scope of improvement is there.Conclusions: While there were some good practices observed, there were inconsistencies observed regarding BMWM in the hospital.
Nutritional assessment of women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) from a rural area, Kolar, Kerala, India
Authors: T. L. Manjunath , Zachariah Shilu M. , Venkatesha Mahesh , C. Muninarayana , Lakshmi Ananya
Published: January 2017

Background: Adults in India are affected by dual burden of malnutrition such as over nutrition and under nutrition.  Literature suggests that only 52% of women and 57% of men are at a normal weight for their height. Objectives: To estimate the nutritional status of women in the reproductive age group in rural Kolar and to estimate various socio-demographic factors associated with the nutritional status of women.Methods: Community based Cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice areas of Medical College for 6 months.  180 women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years residing at Devarayasamudra village were included. Statistical methods: Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used as test of significance.Results: It was observed that out of 180 women, 49 (27.2%) of the women were overweight and 26 (14.4%) women were underweight. 36.67% women had a waist hip ratio of more than 0.85. Multivariate logistic regression showed that Age and educational status were independent risk factors for increased Waist Hip Ratio among women in reproductive age group.Conclusions: Higher prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity was observed among women of reproductive age group in rural area.  Hence measures to improve the nutritional status of women in rural areas need to be addressed.
Correlates of psycho-social health problems among prison inmates in south-south geo-political zone of Nigeria
Authors: Christiana Chukumati N. , Obiechina Geory O. , Akpan Ubong S.
Published: January 2017

Background: This study investigated correlates of psycho-social health problems among prison inmates in south-south geo-political zone of Nigeria. Five research questions and five hypotheses guided the study.  Methods: The study adopted a correlational design. The population used was one thousand, three hundred and sixty-two (1362) respondents comprised of all the prison inmates’ from three states in south-south geo-political zone of Nigeria. The study also consisted of inmates from various social classes. Structured questionnaire comprising 36 items were administered to the inmates to provide information covering the seven research questions and hypotheses. Pearson’s product moment correlation was utilized to obtain a reliability value of 0.76. Linear-regression and t-test associated with linear-regression were used to analyze the RQ and H0.  Results: The results of the study demonstrated that inadequate prison infrastructures and long span of stay were indicators of well-being issues.  Conclusions: In view of the findings, it was concluded that basically, health is determined by interplay of factors such as physical, mental and social. It is important that Government and Non- Governmental organization should intensify their efforts in rehabilitating the prison to improve the health standards of the inmates. Judiciary system should facilitate inmates’ trials instead of keeping them too long in prison before trial.
Breast cancer management in Australian rural indigenous women: trends and challenges
Authors: Clement Zackariah V. K.
Published: January 2017

Cancer patients residing in Australian rural areas have a 7% higher mortality when compared to their counterparts in urban centres. Close to half of the indigenous Australians reside in regional and remote areas. Despite of the lower incidence rates among the indigenous women, and increase in overall breast screen participation indigenous women have lower participation rates when compared to non-indigenous women and the mortality from breast cancer is similar in both groups. Due to their relative the indigenous women with breast cancer living in the rural and regional Australia face several barriers and challenges. Although there is no perfect algorithm to address this problem, government should provide adequate specialist, allied health and support services to the patient’s rural and regional areas and this should not be any different to the services offered to their urban counterparts. A multidisciplinary approach should be taken to the management of breast cancer for all indigenous women in the rural areas. Outreach clinics and Tele-oncology can overcome some of the challenges of access. Health professionals should also be trained in culturally sensitive and effective communication strategies to improve interpersonal relationship, trust, compliance and overall patient outcomes.
Eliminación de nitrógeno y contaminación orgánica de agua residual industrial pretratada en lagunas anaeróbicas mediante un biofiltro de arena
Authors: Peñafiel Ródny David , Moreno Carla , Ochoa-Herrera Valeria De Lourdes
Published: January 2017

La presente investigación trata sobre la eliminación de carga orgánica y nitrógeno del efluente tratado en lagunas anaeróbicas de una extractora de aceite crudo de Palma Africana, ubicada en la provincia de Esmeraldas – Ecuador. El efluente se purificó en un sistema de laboratorio que consiste en un biofiltro de arena, donde ocurren procesos mecánicos (remoción de la turbidez), biológicos aerobios (eliminación de materia orgánica y nitrificación) y anóxicos (desnitrificación). El sistema está compuesto un biofiltro de flujo continuo que descarga a un recipiente de donde se recircula el agua al biofiltro. La remoción de materia orgánica y nitrificación se realiza en intervalos de aireación (8 a 12 h d-1), mientras que la desnitrificación ocurre en el intervalo de no aireación (12 a 16 h d-1). El sistema se operó durante 294 días y se logró una remoción de 41 a 85% de la DQO y 44 a 87% de amonio. Así mismo se obtuvo un 12% de reducción en la concentración de nitrógeno inorgánico total después el intervalo de aireación en comparación con el de no aireación.
Registro de la Serpiente Coral de Steindachneri Micrurus steindachneri (Squamata: Elapidae) en el Área Ecológica de Conservación Municipal Tinajillas-Río Gualaceño
Authors: Urgiles Veronica Lorena , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Astudillo Pedro Xavier
Published: January 2017

Registramos a la Serpiente Coral de Steindachner Micrurus steindachneri en el Área Ecológica de Conservación Municipal Tinajillas-Río Gualaceño, provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador. La especie ha sido previamente registrada en solo dos áreas protegidas nacionales en Ecuador. Este reporte es el primero en una zona protegida local y resalta la importancia de los sistemas naturales de protección municipal para la conservación de especies sensibles a la destrucción de su hábitat.  Record of Steindachner Coral Snake Micrurus steindachneri (Squamata: Elapidae) in the Municipal Conservation Ecological Area Tinajillas-Río GualaceñoWe registered the Steindachner Coral Snake Micrurus steindachneri in the Municipal Conservation Ecological Area Tinajillas-Río Gualaceño, province of Morona Santiago, Ecuador. The species has been previously recorded in just two national protected areas in Ecuador. This report is the first in a local protected area, and highlights the importance of municipal protection for conservation of species that are vulnerable to habitat destruction.
First record of Bertrana striolata (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae) in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Carrazco-Montalvo Ivan
Published: January 2017

We present the first record of the orb-weaver spider Bertrana striolata from Amazonian lowlands (east of the Andes) in Ecuador, based on a specimen collected at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, province of Orellana, Ecuador. Previously the species was known in the country from just one locality on the Pacific lowlands (west of the Andes).Presentamos el primer registro de la araña tejedora Bertrana striolata en las tierras bajas de la Amazonía (este de los Andes) de Ecuador, basados en un espécimen colectado en la Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, provincia de Orellana, Ecuador. Previamente la especie era conocida en el país de solamente una localidad en las tierras bajas del Pacífico (oeste de los Andes).
Helping smallholders to improve poultry production
Authors:   University of Queensland, Australia, Pym Robert , Alders Robyn ,   University of Sydney, Australia
Published: January 2017

Small-scale family poultry farming is practised by a large proportion of smallholder families in the rural and peri-urban areas of most of the world’s developing countries. By enabling improvements in disease control, breeding and genetics, and management and nutrition through smallholder poultry development projects which incorporate a participatory farming approach, value chain assessment and appropriately focused training and extension programmes, such projects have the potential to impact very meaningfully on poverty alleviation, household nutrition and food security, the health and education of children and the empowerment of women as the principal poultry keepers. These outcomes constitute a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Comunicar riesgos en la sociedad de la incertidumbre
Authors: Ascencio Carlos Lozano , Amaral Márcia Franz
Published: January 2017

Este texto ofrece una aproximación teórica para fundamentar un modelo de Comunicación Social de riesgos e incertidumbres que, por una parte, estructure las distintas etapas necesarias para delimitar y definir “el saber de la comunicación de riesgos e incertidumbres” y, por otra, contribuya al desarrollo de los planteamientos del Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres. A cada época le corresponden diversas formas de percibir y prever la inestabilidad social para denominarla y construirla significativamente como un espacio del entorno circundante que demanda de los sujetos la máxima atención. Actualmente, es habitual que se hable de los riesgos para caracterizar a nuestras sociedades, pero en esa clase de generalizaciones se suele aludir a situaciones de inestabilidad que, en el fondo, son mucho más complejas de lo que parecen y que no siempre se han delimitado ni se han podido controlar con la sola previsión. Los conocimientos y las tecnologías no han reducido los niveles de fragilidad social y, más aún, las apreciaciones que hacen los individuos a propósito de las situaciones inestables suelen incrementar históricamente los niveles de vulnerabilidad real, sobre todo porque se dejan influenciar por el punto de vista de los principales mediadores sociales.
La lectura y otros procesos de consumo cultural: entrevista con Néstor García Canclini
Authors: Mazer Dulce H.
Published: January 2017

En esta entrevista, el filósofo argentino Néstor García Canclini, radicado en México desde 1976, presenta su mirada acerca del actual contexto del consumo de lectura, sobre todo desde las perspectivas de la cultura digital. Entre sus más recientes estudios, se incluyen las investigaciones sobre jóvenes, culturas urbanas y redes digitales y las perspectivas de la antropología de los lectores. Dedicado a temas como globalización, identidades nacionales, culturas híbridas y estudios del consumo cultural, es un autor de gran influencia en las investigaciones latinoamericanas, principalmente en aquellas que abordan las intersecciones entre comunicación, cultura y sociedad. En la década de 1990, García Canclini empezó a delinear una teoría sociocultural interdisciplinaria del consumo, que abandonaba la idea del consumo como un lugar de decisiones puramente irracionales. Sus aportes congregan distintas líneas de interpretación y señalan posibles puntos de confluencia para la comprensión de los procesos de comunicación y recepción de bienes simbólicos.
Antifeedant Activity from Leaves Extract of Aglaia ganggo Miq on Spodoptera litura
Authors: Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih , Winata I Nyoman Adi
Published: January 2017

The different fraction extracts (viz methanol, dichlorometana, n-hexane, ethylacetate, and aceton) obtained from leaves of Aglaia ganggo Miq were investigated for antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura. All extract fractions showed antifeedant activity with aceton fraction exhibited the highest antifeedant activity at 1 ppm concentration. Only hexane fraction showed a dose dependent concentration while the other fractions exhibited the opposite respond.Keywords : Antifeedant, Aglaia ganggo, extract, fraction
Design of Multi Syringe Pump for Flow System Analysis
Authors: Mulyono Tri , Asnawati Asnawati , Faruq Umarul
Published: January 2017

The aims of this work were to research: design of the multi syringe pumps, volume consistency of ISAB and the correlation of the PWM to the flow rate of carrier. Pump speed was set by PWM. Controlling the pump speed and time were performed with a computer using Labview software. It was found that based on the time variation of time then the volume of ISAB has a consistency of the injected volume with Kv 0.25% to 2.53% and the rate of carrier based on multi syringe velocity have a good correlation with the regression value of 0.998 and the value of Kv 0.27% to 1.2%. Keywords : Multi syringe pump, MSFIA methods, PWM
Finite Difference Method and Newton's Theorem to Determine the Sum of Series
Authors: Mulyani Tri , Hasan Moh. , Slamin S.
Published: January 2017

Problems that are often faced to prove the truth of a formula if the presented series is a series that is not the formula of arithmetic and geometric series. One proof among the most commonly proofs used is the proof by mathematical induction. This study was conducted to determine the sum of the first n terms formula of: (1) arithmetic series, storied arithmetic series with the basis of arithmetic series, (2) geometric series, (3) storied arithmetic series with the basis of geometric series, and (4) series which are not arithmetic and geometric series that the formula of the n terms is given, by using the finite difference method and Newton's theorem. The formula of the sum of the first n terms obtained from the results of this study and then it is verified by using mathematical induction. Keywords : Series, finite difference, mathematical induction, Newton’s theorem
Effect of Thickness and Temperature of SiO2 Layer on Leakage Currents in MOS Capacitor Materials with High Dielectric Constant by Involving the Charge Trap
Authors: Noor Fatimah A. , Masturi Masturi , Abdullah Mikrajuddin , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
Published: January 2017

Modeling of the leakage current in a field-effect transistor metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOSFET) with high dielectric material has been developed by taking into account the effect of charge traps formed at the interface of high-k material/SiO2. Transmittance calculated using Airy wave function approach and involving the anisotropic electron mass and the effect of coupling between transverse and longitudinal energy represented by the speed of the electrons in the metal gate. Transmittance obtained is then used to calculate the leakage current in the structure of n+Poly-Si/HfSiOxN/trap/SiO2/p-Si for oxide voltage variations, temperature, and thickness of the SiO2. From the calculation that the leakage current decreases with decreasing of oxide voltage and increasing of the thickness of the oxide layer of SiO2. Also obtained that the temperature of the device does not give a great influence on the change of leakage current. Keywords: Leakage current, electron speed, charge traps
Super (a, d)-Edge Antimagic Total Labeling of Connected Ferris Wheel Graph
Authors: Sumarno Djoni Budi , Dafik D , Santoso Kiswara Agung
Published: January 2017

Let G be a simple graph of order p and size q. Graph G is called an (a,d)-edge-antimagic totalifthereexistabijectionf :V(G)∪E(G)→{1,2,...,p+q}suchthattheedge-weights,w(uv)= f(u)+f(v)+f(uv); u, v ∈ V (G), uv ∈ E(G), form an arithmetic sequence with first term a and common difference d. Such a graph G is called super if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices. In this paper we study super (a, d)-edge antimagic total properties of connected of Ferris Wheel F Wm,n by using deductive axiomatic method. The results of this research are a lemma or theorem. The new theorems show that a connected ferris wheel graphs admit a super (a, d)-edge antimagic total labeling for d = 0, 1, 2. It can be concluded that the result of this research has covered all feasible d. Key Words : (a, d)-edge antimagic vertex labeling, super (a, d)-edge antimagic total labeling, Ferris Wheel graph FWm,n.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis of Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Er Thin Films
Authors: Sugihartono Iwan , Budi Esmar , Budi Agus Setyo
Published: January 2017

Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Er  thin films were deposited on p-type Si substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolisis (USP). Undoped and ZnO:Er thin films have been analyzed by using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the XPS spectrum has two Er peak at ∼157 eV and ∼168 eV. The XPS Zn 2p spectrum of undoped ZnO and ZnO:Er thin films have binding energy for Zn 2p3/2 (~ 1021 eV) and Zn 2p1/2 (~1045eV) were found no shift in binding energy after the incorporation of Er. Meanwhile, after Er incorporates into ZnO, the O 1s spectrum is composed two peak of binding energy (BE) at ~530.5eV and the shoulder about 532.5 eV.Keywords: ZnO thin films, ZnO:Er, XPS, binding energy
Biological Control Entomopathogenic Nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp. Pest Control Termite Land As Coptotermes sp. and Microtermes sp. in The District Lumajang
Authors: Qodiriyah Qodiriyah , Sulistyanto Didik , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Published: January 2017

This research aims to find out the most effective concentration (LC50) and the most effective time (LT50)  and  to select a biological agent netamoda of nematodes Steinernema sp. dan Heterorhabditis sp. as the environmentally friendly biological control agents on the ground termite Coptotermes sp. and   Microtermes sp. in Lumajang. All the data were analyzed by using the termite mortality percentage variance analysis. The LC50 and LT50 were tested by using the probit analysis. Therefore, the empirical probit values were obtained from the percentage of mortality after they were calculated by the Abbot formulation. The biological agents netamoda entomopathogenic Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp. had the high value on the pathogenicity of Coptotermes sp. and Microtermes sp., the LC50 values on Coptotermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 14.94 IJ/ml and Steinernema sp. was 15.22 IJ/ml., the LC50 values on Microtermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 16.54 IJ/ml and  Steinernema sp. was 20.39 IJ/ml., the LT50 values on Coptotermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 1.29 hours and Steinernema sp. was 1.35 hours, and the LT50 values on Microtermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 2.14 hours and Steinernema sp. was 1.82 hours. Through pathogenicity test, the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. is more effective to control subterranean termites compared with the nematode Steinernema sp. This happens because Heterorhabditis sp. are actively engaged and looking for a host so that there are a large number of possibilities of contacting them with a very large subterranean termites.Keywords: Entomopathogenic nematodes,   Heterorhabditis sp., Steinernema sp., LC50, LT50
The Aplications Biological Control of the Pest Population ( Plutella xylostella Linn. And C. pavonana Zell.) and Their Natural Enemies in Cabbage Plants in the Village Kalibaru Kulon, District Banyuwangi
Authors: Helmi Helmi , Sulistyanto Didik , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Published: January 2017

The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of biological control agens  to the population of pests  and their natural enemies in cabbage crops in agricultural land Kalibaru kulon Kab. Banyuwangi. The research was conducted by Randomized Complete Block Design with with five replications. The treatments were Control as P0, Heterorhabditis sp. as P1, Bacillus thuringiensis as P2, Profenofos as P3, Beauveria bassiana as P4, Red bacteria as P5. Data were obtained from observations of pest population and their natural enemies, as well as the percentage decrease in the population of pests and their natural enemies. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD were tested further by 5%. The results showed that Heterorhabditis sp. was the most effective agents to control populations of Plutella xylostela Linn. and Crocidolomia pavonana Zell., this is also indicated by a decrease in pest population of Plutella xylostela by 54.66% and amounted to 47.9% Crocidolomia  pavonana. Aplication biological agens  was not  affect  the population of natural enemies Coccinela repanda, and Verania sp. Keywords : Cabbage, Biological Control, Pests, Natural enemies
Voltammetric Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Polypyrrole and Its Response Characteristic to Alcohol
Authors: Nurqomariyah Susi , Asnawati Asnawati , Neran Neran , Siswoyo Siswoyo
Published: January 2017

Conducting polymer is a used material for many purposes, including active compound of chemical sensor. Polypyrrole, one type of conducting polymers, is frequently used because of its advantages, namely owing high conductivity, strong mechanical properties and relatively stable compound.  This research was aimed to develop an alcohol sensor based on polypyrrole. Electropolymerisation of the polypyrrole was carried out using cyclic voltammetric technique. This research investigated some parameters electropolymerisation, namely variation of dopant electrolyte concentration, potential scan-rate, surface morphology of the polymer resulted, characteristic of the sensor performance when exposed to some alcohol compounds. According to the result of investigation, it was found that variation of potential scan-rate and dopant concentration has significant effect to the electropolymerisation process as well as to the resulted polymer, as indicated by the voltammogram profiles, the surface morphology of the resulted polymer and the response of resistance change of the polymer when exposed to the alcohol compounds.Keywords: polypyrrole, conducting polymer, alcohol sensor, cyclic voltammetry, electropolymerisation.
Modification of Sensor Sensitivity of Magneto-Impedancy on Multilayer [Ni80Fe20/Cu]N as result of Electro-Deposition
Authors: Wicaksono B. Anggit , Nahrun Ahmad Asrori , Nuryani Nuryani , Purnama Budi
Published: January 2017

Multilayer sensor sensitivity [Ni80Fe20/Cu]N as results of electro-deposition on Cu wire has been modified by several variables; namely (i) the frequency of measurement, (ii) the number of iteration N on the system [Ni80Fe20/Cu]N, and (iii) the thickness of the spacer layer of Cu. If applied as a magnetic sensor, the measured sensor sensitivity can be calculated using the formula; ξ = 2 [(ΔZ/Z)max]/ΔH. The results of the sensitivity calculations show that the increase in the ratio of magneto-impedance directly proportional to the sensitivity of the sensor. To modify the frequency of the sample [Ni80Fe20(800nm)/Cu(300 nm)]3, the measurement sensitivity increases with increases in frequency. And the highest sensitivity is obtained 8.91%/ mT at a frequency of 100 kHz. Similar results were obtained in the variation of the number of iteration N multilayer [Ni80Fe20 (800 nm) / Cu (300 nm)]N. Senitifitas measurements at a frequency of 100 kHz and the highest number of iteration (N=5) obtained the highest sensitivity, which is 26.63%/mT. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the sensor showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in the thickness of the spacer Cu in multilayer [Ni80Fe20 (800 nm)/Cu (y nm)]3. Finally, the highest sensitivity was obtained 53.75% / mT for most thin thickness of the spacer Cu (y = 200 nm) which is the highest value in the whole of this experimentKeywords: Sensor Sensitivity, Ni80Fe20 , Frequency Measurement, Iteration Number, Spacer Cu
Ensino superior e política educacional: a expansão do ensino superior no sudoeste do estado do Paraná na década de 1990
Authors: Turmena Leandro , Subtil Maria José , Dalarosa Adair Ângelo
Published: January 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir a expansão do ensino superior na região Sudoeste doParaná na década de 1990. Para tanto foi preciso abordar o ensino superior no cenárionacional e estadual, bem como as políticas educacionais para este nível de ensino.Constata-se que o aumento do número de instituições de ensino superior no Sudoeste doParaná acompanha a expansão no Brasil e Paraná e tem a ver com as demandas do capitalque se manifestam, em especial, na gradativa privatização deste nível de ensino. Ainvestigação está assentada epistemologicamente no método do materialismo históricodialético, mais especificamente nas categorias da historicidade, totalidade e mediação.Metodologicamente as fontes de consulta são: AMSOP, IBGE, INEP e LEIS (LDBEN de1996, PNE de 2001, Constituição do Brasil de 1988 e Constituição do Estado do Paraná de1989); alguns autores discutidos são: Bernartt (2006), Cunha (2003) e Wachowicz (1997).Trata-se, em suma, neste momento, de contribuir na perspectiva histórica para acompreensão dos fatores preponderantes para a extensão do ensino superior na regiãoSudoeste do Estado do Paraná.