bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral mucosal melanoma
Authors: Khammissa RAG , Altini M , Meer S , Lemmer J , Feller L
Published: June 2017

Background:

Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is relatively rare, runs an aggressive course, affects most frequently the hard palate and the maxillary gingiva, and may be multifocal. The aetiological factors and the chain of molecular events that give rise to OMM and to its growth and metastasis are largely unknown.

Objectives:

The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize some clinical and histopathological features of OMM in a South African sample.

Materials and Methods:

The histopathological reports and histological sections of 17 cases with OMM during the period 1968–2013 were retrospectively evaluated, and the data regarding age, gender, ethnicity/race and the histopathological patterns were recorded. c-Kit immunohistochemical staining was performed.

Results:

OMM most frequently affected the palate and the maxillary gingiva of black persons without gender predilection. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 78 years with the mean age at diagnosis being 56 years. Most tumours were nodular comprising a mixture of polygonal and spindle cells at different ratios with and without junctional activity. Four cases (4 of 17; 23.5%) stained positively for c-Kit. The pattern of staining was diffuse in three cases and focal in one and was predominantly membranous.

Conclusion:

As almost invariably all OMM affects the palate and the gingiva of black persons, any melanotic hyperpigmentation at these sites should be biopsied and microscopically examined. Any hyperpigmentation that microscopically show proliferation of atypical melanocytes should be excised.
Why Does C5 Palsy Occur After Prophylactic Bilateral C4-5 Foraminotomy in Open-Door Cervical Laminoplasty? A Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Liu Gabriel , Reyes Ma. Ramona , Riew K. Daniel
Published: June 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral C4-5 foraminotomy in preventing occurrence of postoperative C5 palsy and to identify possible risk factors for its development.

Methods:

A total of 70 consecutive patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty with bilateral C4-5 foraminotomy were included. Clinical, radiographic, and operative data was reviewed. Development of postoperative C5 palsy was analyzed.

Results:

A total of 54 males and 16 females were reviewed. Mean age was 56 years (range, 30-86 years). The primary pathology was spondylosis in 76% of cases and ossified posterior longitudinal ligament in 21%. Radiographic evidence of C4-5 foraminal stenosis was seen in 81% of the patients. The mean duration of preoperative symptoms was 7 ± 19 months. Four (5.7%) out of 70 patients developed C5 palsy after open-door laminoplasty with bilateral C4-5 foraminotomy. Multivariate analysis showed that a long duration of preoperative symptoms (>12 months) and the presence of preoperative C4-5 T2-MRI cord signal change were statistically significant risk factors for the development of C5 palsy even after bilateral C4-5 foraminotomy in open-door laminoplasty ( P < .0001 and P = .036, respectively).

Conclusions:

Prophylactic bilateral C4-5 foraminotomies do not completely eliminate the occurrence of C5 palsy. Prolonged duration of symptoms and presence of preoperative T2-MRI cord signal change increase the risk for developing postoperative C5 palsy despite foraminotomy.
Is Stand-Alone Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion a Safe and Efficacious Treatment for Isthmic Spondylolisthesis of L5-S1?
Authors: Viglione Luke L. , Chamoli Uphar , Diwan Ashish D.
Published: June 2017

Study Design:

A systematic review.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (sa-ALIF) for the treatment of symptomatic isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1 by assessing the level of available clinical and radiographic evidence.

Methods:

A systematic review utilizing Medline, Embase, and Scopus online databases was undertaken. Clinical, radiographic, and adverse outcome data were extracted for the relevant isthmic spondylolisthesis cases with the intention of undertaking a meta-analysis.

Results:

The database search between January 1980 and December 2015 yielded 23 articles that concerned sa-ALIF for isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1. Only in 9 of the 23 articles data could be extracted specific to sa-ALIF for isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1. There was considerable inconsistency in the standards for reporting outcomes of the surgery due to which meta-analysis could not be undertaken, and hence each article was reviewed.

Conclusions:

There was insufficient evidence to support the safety and efficacy of sa-ALIF for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1. Although sa-ALIF is widely documented in the literature, there was insufficient evidence to support its use in treating this specific pathology. The unique pathological and anatomical situation that isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1 presents must be recognized and its treatment with sa-ALIF should be well thought out.
Solitary Osteochondroma of the Spine—A Case Series: Review of Solitary Osteochondroma With Myelopathic Symptoms
Authors: Yakkanti Ramakanth , Onyekwelu Ikemefuna , Carreon Leah Y. , Dimar John R.
Published: June 2017

Study Design:

Case series and literature review.

Objective:

There is a growing body of literature supporting that osteochondroma of the spine may not be as rare as previously documented. The purpose of this study was to perform an updated review and present our experience with 4 cases of solitary osteochondroma of the spine, including surgical treatment and subsequent outcomes.

Methods:

A review of 4 cases and an updated literature review.

Results:

All 4 cases were diagnosed as solitary osteochondroma of the spine based on clinical and histopathologic findings. Majority of the lesions arose from the posterior column with one case showing extension into the middle column with clinical neurologic sequelae. Treatment strategies for all cases included complete marginal excision of the lesions using a posterior approach. All 4 cases showed no radiographic evidence of recurrence. The literature review yielded 132 cases of solitary osteochondroma and 17 case associated with multiple hereditary exostosis. Out of the 132 cases, 36 presented with myelopathic symptoms.

Conclusion:

Osteochondroma of the spine may not be as rare as previously reported. The best approach to treatment in almost all symptomatic cases include wide surgical excision of the tumor. This should include complete resection of the cartilaginous cap of the tumor in an effort to prevent recurrence. When excision is performed properly, the outcomes are excellent with very low recurrence of the tumor.
Why Are We Cutting? A Survey of Cultural Views on Circumcision in the Texas Panhandle
Authors: Spense Jerrod , Meller Janet , Abbey James , Foster Kayla , Sirri Cynthia , Naqvi Mubariz
Published: June 2017

To determine the factors that may contribute to parents’ decision to circumcise their son in the Texas Panhandle region, voluntary surveys were distributed to all mothers with term male newborns during the mandatory discharge planning class. The father being circumcised ( P < .0001), Caucasian ( P < .05), and some graduate school of the caregiver ( P < .011) were factors most correlated with newborns being circumcised. Newborns of Hispanic origin, those having Medicaid insurance, and a Catholic affiliation were less likely to be circumcised. No significant correlations were found between circumcision and other ethnic affiliations, caregiver’s age, father’s involvement, and medical counseling. Of note, one third of caregivers were not counseled by a medical professional about circumcision. While the American Academy of Pediatrics Circumcision Policy Statement is clear that a neutral position must be maintained, this does not preclude having a discussion of the benefits versus the risks of circumcision.
Challenges of seismic imaging in complex media around Iran, from Zagros overthrust in the southwest to Gorgan Plain in the northeast
Authors: Soleimani Mehrdad
Published: June 2017

Seismic imaging is an old but immature technology in Iran. Several reasons for this act as obstacles in developing and applying newly introduced imaging methods for complex media. Ease of exploration of large reservoirs by geologic methods, dominance of petroleum geologists in seismic geologic interpretation, distrust between industrial technicians and academic researchers, and poor computational infrastructures are major reasons for the backwardness of seismic imaging methods in Iran. The high degree of complexity in the geologic condition of oil-field-bearing areas could be another reason for obtaining poor seismic images. In the general study of literature of seismic imaging in Iran, through time and over different geologic conditions, obstacles impeding the lack of development of seismic imaging can be classified in technical and nontechnical areas. In the first step, it is acknowledged that harsh topography and poor supervision of acquisition build the first and unfortunately irreversible ring in this chain. Subsequently, in processing as the second step, the application of very old-fashioned processing methods on data suffering from high levels of various noise and the application of simple and useless methods for migration prevent obtaining any appropriate final images for further realistic geologic interpretation. In the third step, interpretation is mostly performed on very low-quality images, which will result in an ambiguous interpretation with a large amount of uncertainty in defining geologic objects, location, and even correct and accurate recognition of geologic objects. The main challenge is to get rid of time imaging and geologic interpretation on time images, which is rather an unusual issue these days. Examples of the application of advanced imaging methods on data from different geologic conditions around Iran show that these obstacles could be removed if a proper imaging strategy were selected.
International Finance
Authors: Карпова  , Karpova Elena , Усенко  , Usenko Anastasiya , Кочановская  , Kochanovskaya Olga , Черенков  , Cherenkov Anatoliy , Коновалов  , Konovalov Aleksandr
Published: June 2017

International Finance – an integral part and one of the most important areas of a market economy. They focus the problems of national and world economy, the development of which historically runs parallel and closely intertwined. As the internationalization of economic relations are increasing international flows of goods, services and especially capital and credit.
This studybook is intended for students majoring in "Economics" and "Management". And can also be useful for teachers of economic universities and all interested in the problems of development of international relations.
Standardization of Records Estimated Liabilities in the Russian and International Standards and Implementation of the Audit of the Accounting (Financial) Statements
Authors: Серебрякова  , Serebryakova Tatyana
Published: June 2017

Th e article is devoted to the creation of valuation allowances in connection with paid vacations. Th e rules of Russian accounting and international are slightly diff erent from each other. Domestic standard on the estimated obligations in some States is contrary to its international type. Th ese diff erences are problematic, including the audit of the accounting (fi nancial) statements.
INFLUENCE OF SOME FERTILIZING COMPOSITIONS ON WINTER RYE PRODUCTIVITY OF RADON VARIETY
Authors: Асрутдинова  , Asrutdinova Rufina
Published: June 2017

Investigations were conducted on gray middle-loamy forest soils of selection rotation of Tatar Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture. The experience was laid on the area of 1320 m2, the number of units - 4, number of options - 8, replication - fourfold. The seeding rate of 5 million germinating seeds per hectare. The plot’s area is 15 m2. The following drugs were offered according the experimental scheme: Block 1 - pre-sowing seed treatment. 1. Control-1 (no treatment); 2. Fundazol - 2 kilogramm pet ton; 3. CuMo - 2 litre per ton; 4. CuMo 4 litre per ton; 5. CuMo 6 litre per ton; 6. CuZn 2 litre per ton; 7. CuZn 4 litre per tont; 8. CuZn 6 litre per ton. Block 1 - pre-sowing seed treatment by testing preparations; Block 2 - presowing treatment of seeds + autumn spraying of crops with testing drugs: 1. Control - 1 (no treatment); 2. Fundazol - 0.5%; 3. CuMo - 0.4%; 4. CuMo - 0.8%; 5. CuMo - 1,2%; 6. CuZn - 0,4%; 7. CuZn - 0,8%; 8. CuZn - 1,2%; Block 3 - pre-sowing seed treatment by testing preparations + spring spraying of crops with testing drugs; 4 unit - - pre-sowing seed treatment by testing preparations + autumn + spring spraying of crops with testing drugs. The results of 3 years of research have shown, that pre-sowing treatment of seeds by stimulant formulations increased the productivity of winter rye with maximum effect, when applying zinc-copper composition, containing chelate compounds at a concentration of 4 litre per ton. Complex application of incentive compounds for pre-sowing treatment with optional autumn spraying by appropriate preparations allowed slightly increase the productivity of winter rye of Radon variety, mainly, due to increasing plant survival after hibernation. The combined use of the studied compounds before planting together with spring spraying of plants increased the productivity more, than in the autumn spraying. Complex application of the experimental compounds for pre-sowing treatment of seeds in conjunction with the 2-fold (autumn and spring) spraying of vegetating plants increased productivity at the block level of spring spraying.
IMPROVEMENT THE SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAIN PRODUCTION (ON THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors: Авхадиев  , Avhadiev Fayaz , Мухаметгалиев  , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Ситдикова  , Sitdikova Landysh
Published: June 2017

Grain farming is the basis of all agricultural production, the level of its development depends on the development of other sectors of agribusiness. The study of the status of grain production development level, identification of factors and justification of the main ways of grain production efficiency increasing is very important. Stability in grain production depends on the interconnected natural, biological, agronomic, environmental, economic and social factors. Definition of major change trends in productivity carries out by constructing dynamic series over a long period Annual yield valuation is a result of the influence of climatic conditions, as well as by the level of intensification of production, the state of the material and technical base. The average yield since 2005 is higher about 0.5 centner than till 2005. In 2015 grain yield was lower to 2.6 centners per 1 hectare, than the average for 2011-2014. On the basis of the study it can be noted that the optimal sown area in the Republic of Tatarstan is 6070 hectares per 1 agricultural organization, this level of the sown area of grain contributes to grain yield of 24.4 centners per 1 hetare, and the rate of costs’ payback at the level of 161.5%, the profitability level of 18.7%. According to Russian Statistical Service index the number of the population is 3868730 people. (2016). When one person daily consumes 150 grams grain products, as well as confectionery and similar products 40 grams daily, produced from crops, it is necessary to produce 2 566 778 tons of crops in order to feed this number of people. But it is also necessary to take care of the seeds, animal feed and insurance funds. Therefore, the problem of increasing the grain production sustainability and, on this basis, to increase its effectiveness is a top priority for all agricultural organizations and the country, as a whole.
Structure and properties of simple substances. Noble gases
Authors: Путинцев  , Putincev Dmitriy , Путинцев  , Putincev Nikolay
Published: June 2017

The book examines the structural, thermodynamic and dielectric properties of the noble gases, their relationship with each other and with the intermolecular interaction. Part of the book is a complementary material, so many of the important concepts and laws set forth at a certain level. Together with the well-known theoretical knowledge is the original author's material, containing a large number of tables, charts, reference material, examples, tasks and tests.
The book is intended for natural sciences teachers, undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in the structure and properties of substances.
Revenue-Maximizing Mechanisms with Strategic Customers and Unknown, Markovian Demand
Authors: Gershkov Alex , Moldovanu Benny , Strack Philipp
Published: June 2017

We show that appropriate dynamic pricing strategies can be used to draw benefits from the presence of consumers who strategically time their purchase even if the arrival process is not known. In our model, a seller sells a stock of objects to a stream of randomly arriving long-lived agents. Agents are privately informed about their values, and about their arrival time to the market. The seller needs to learn about future demand from past arrivals. We characterize the revenue-maximizing direct mechanism. While the optimal mechanism cannot be reduced to posted prices (and requires personalized prices), we also present a simple, “learn and then sell” mechanism that is able to extract a large fraction of the maximal revenue. In this mechanism, the seller first charges a relatively low price that allows learning about the arrival process, and in a second stage, the seller charges the optimal posted price given the previously obtained information.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2724 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
The use of prophylactic dressings in the prevention of pressure ulcers: a literature review
Authors: Cornish Lynn
Published: June 2017

Pressure ulcers pose a significant burden to both patients and health care resources. There are an increasing number of studies that have examined the use of prophylactic dressings, and their ability to redistribute pressure and protect the skin from shear and friction damage. This literature review examines six studies conducted on this controversial subject. Brindle and Wegelin ( 2012 ; Chaiken, 2012 ; Cubit et al, 2012 ; Santamaria et al, 2012) all examined the role of dressings to prevent pressure ulcers, and Call et al (2013a ; 2013b ), conducted in vitro research into the mode of dressings. Current research suggests that while further research is required, the use of prophylactic dressings have a place alongside standard measures, in helping to prevent pressure, shear and friction damage.
How to Showcase your skills
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: June 2017

October may seem a little way off right now but the journey to an exciting career starts here. Julie Bissett considers why BDIA Dental Showcase is must-attend for any career-minded dental nurse
Is diet advice on your menu of treatments?
Authors: Ellwood Fiona , Morgan Maria , Barresi Ros
Published: June 2017

We invited three experts – dental nurse and oral health educator Fiona Ellwood, senior lecturer in dental public health Maria Morgan and nutritional therapist Ros Barresi – to share their thoughts on how best to help Britain make healthy nutritional choices and improve their dental health
The influence of cement thickness on stem subsidence and cement creep in a collarless polished tapered stem
Authors: Takahashi E. , Kaneuji A. , Tsuda R. , Numata Y. , Ichiseki T. , Fukui K. , Kawahara N.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Favourable results for collarless polished tapered stems have been reported, and cement creep due to taper slip may be a contributing factor. However, the ideal cement thickness around polished stems remains unknown. We investigated the influence of cement thickness on stem subsidence and cement creep.

Methods

We cemented six collarless polished tapered (CPT) stems (two stems each of small, medium and large sizes) into composite femurs that had been reamed with a large CPT rasp to achieve various thicknesses of the cement mantle. Two or three tantalum balls were implanted in the proximal cement in each femur. A cyclic loading test was then performed for each stem. The migration of the balls was measured three-dimensionally, using a micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner, before and after loading. A digital displacement gauge was positioned at the stem shoulder, and stem subsidence was measured continuously by the gauge. Final stem subsidence was measured at the balls at the end of each stem.

Results

A strong positive correlation was observed between mean cement thickness and stem subsidence in the CT slices on the balls. In the small stems, the balls moved downward to almost the same extent as the stem. There was a significant negative correlation between cement thickness and the horizontal:downward ratio of ball movement.

Conclusion

Collarless polished tapered stems with thicker cement mantles resulted in greater subsidence of both stem and cement. This suggests that excessive thickness of the cement mantle may interfere with effective radial cement creep. Cite this article: E. Takahashi, A. Kaneuji, R. Tsuda, Y. Numata, T. Ichiseki, K. Fukui, N. Kawahara. The influence of cement thickness on stem subsidence and cement creep in a collarless polished tapered stem: When are thick cement mantles detrimental? Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–357. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2017-0028.R1.
Stock Market Crash, New Market Failure Theory and Extremely Great Economic and Financial Crises
Authors: Bin Yang
Published: June 2017

Stephen S. Roach, a famous American economist, indicated in his article that the dominant Western economics is blind to bubble economy, which is a market failure causing substantial harm, meaning that governments in countries around the world cannot take measures to prevent the formation of bubble economies at an early date. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new market failure theories to rectify the flaw in the Western economics. New market failure theories which are widely applicable in practice can be used to analyze various bubbles of assets such as equities, properties, commodity futures and financial derivatives; the inflation and bursting of such bubbles and economic and financial crises triggered thereby; and atypical global economic crises caused by sharp rise and drop in oil prices, and to analyze and design the policies and measures for preventing a bubble economy and crises induced thereby.
Two Stories by Irina Luk’ianova
Authors: Little Cúshla
Published: June 2017

Irina Luk’ianova is one of Russia’s foremost writers. Originally from Novosibirsk, Irina moved to Moscow in 1996, where she now lives. Her work spans journalism, blogging and creative writing. Irina’s fiction exhibits psychological acuity often laced with irony and humour, but there is always a human warmth to her writing. The two stories translated here are ‘Nightmare on Garibaldi Street’ and ‘Miracles for Dummies’, first appearing in the Russian daily newspaper New Gazette in 2009.
Read here.
The New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000-2015
Authors: Horwirtz Rachael
Published: June 2017

This useful and timely volume covers the growth of Russian nationalism from 2000 to 2015. It was in the process of completion during the annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and thus most of the chapters refer largely to events prior to that date, with some analytical coverage of how Russian nationalism has shaped public opinion of the annexation and subsequent Eastern Ukrainian conflict. It is thoroughly researched and yet accessible to the general reader, though with a few minor issues. 
Read here.
O Corpo-Encruzilhada como Saber do Sul: Por uma Ecologia de Saberes
Authors: Ramos Jarbas Siqueira Ramos JSR
Published: June 2017

A terminologia corpo-encruzilhada tem sido utilizada por mim na intenção de desvelar o lugar do corpo em práticas espetaculares cênicas seja na dimensão do ritual ou da cena artística expandida. Para tanto, proponho uma reflexão que pretende abordar tanto uma análise conceitual sobre essa terminologia quanto as dimensões epistemológicas que a subsidiam. Nessa perspectiva, coaduno com a noção de ecologia de saberes proposta por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, entendendo que a noção de corpo-encruzilhada faz parte do espectro de saberes do sul, fundamentalmente por corroborar com a ideia de descoloniação do corpo a partir das noções de saber sensível, saber da experiência e saber incorporado. Este texto apresenta considerações sobre a noção do corpo-encruzilhada como saber do sul e pretende apontar reflexões sobre sua dimensão epistemológica.

ABSTRACT: The body-crossroads terminology has been used by me in an attempt to reveal the place of the body in performing spectacular practices in the dimension of ritual or in the dimension of the art scene expanded. Therefore, I propose a reflection that aims to address both a conceptual analysis of this terminology as the epistemological dimensions that subsidizes. In this perspective, coaduno with the notion of ecology of knowledge proposed by Boaventura de Sousa Santos in his Epistemology of South, understanding that the body-crossroads notion is part of the of South knowledge spectrum, fundamentally for corroborating with the idea of decolonization of the body from the notions of know sensitive, know of experience and incorporated know. This paper presents considerations on the notion of the body-crossroads as know of South, and aims to set out reflections on the your epistemological dimension.

Key-Words: Body-Crossroad. Epistemology of South. Ritual. Expanded Scene.
Pedagogias feministas e de(s)coloniais nas artes da vida
Authors: Leal Mara Lucia , Schneider Alcure Adriana , Bacelar Camila Bastos , Azevedo Maria Thereza
Published: June 2017

Os estudos de(s)coloniais e os estudos feministas interseccionais são teorias críticas que abordam a questão das diferenças pensando-as em articulação com as forças de subjetivação que descorporificam nossa relação com o mundo. Cada vez mais as artes da cena se mostram interessadas em refletir sobre si mesmas desde uma perspectiva corporificada, onde a subjetividade e a singularidade do corpo de quem compõe a cena estão presentes. Assim, pensar os processos criativos da cena contemporânea em articulação com estudos e pedagogias descoloniais e feministas possibilitaria que tais processos criativos adensassem questões de gênero, sexualidade, raça, etnia, classe, entre outras, que surgem com agudez em processos que reconhecem que vidas vivem em corpos e que visam trabalhar desde uma política de afetos.

ABSTRACT

The decolonial studies and intersectional feminist studies are critical theories that approach difference issues thinking them in articulation with the subjective forces that disembodies our relations to the world. Increasingly the arts scene show interest in reflecting about themselves from an embodied perspective where subjectivity and the singularity of the perfomers body are present. To think the creative processes of contemporary scene in articulation with feminists and decolonial pedagogies allows those creative processes to thicken issues related to gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, class, among others, issues that come up sharpness in processes that recognize that lives are liven in bodies and that aim to work from the politics of affection.

KEYWORDS

Decoloniality, feminisms, body, performing arts, the art of living.
Teachers views' on awareness of environmental acquiring in informal learning environments: The sample of Kocaeli Science Houses)
Authors: Çavuş Ragıp , Umdu Topsakal Ünsal , Öztuna Kaplan Aysun
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the teachers' view about getting students be aware of awareness of environmental according to the activities in Science Houses. 15 Science and Technology teachers working in Kocaeli Science House participated to the search which has been carried out in 2011 - 2012.In this research fenomological approach has been applied. Purposeful sampling is used. Semi-structure interviews and open-ended question forms which were prepared by the researchers and checked by experts were applied as data collection tools. Content analysis method is used for data analyzing.Teachers who participated in this study emphasized the importance of out of school learning environments and also Science Houses' activities for awareness of environmental. Furthermore they added that formal and informal learning activities should be together and teachers should take students to the out of school learning environments.When the literature is examined it is seen that informal and formal leaning areas are both important for awareness of environmental. In this research views of teachers working in out of school learning environments about the activities and students' awareness of environmental are investigated according the literature. As a result of this study it is found that out of school learning environments are important for awareness of environmental and these areas and their activities should be increased. It is hoped that this research will help the investigators who want to study about out of school learning environments.
The relationship between candidate teachers' communication skills and their attitudes towards teaching profession (Sakarya University sample)
Authors: Tunçeli Hilal İlknur
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between preschool teacher candidates' communication skills and attitudes towards the teaching profession. In Sakarya University Preschool Education Department students constitue the study population. A total of 180 first and fourth grade students consist of research sample. Teachers Communication Skills Inventory developed by Ersanlı&Balcı (1998) and Teaching Professional Attitude Scale developed by Şaban (2006) were used as data collection tools. As a result of research both candidate teachers' communication skills and their attitudes towards teaching profession were not differed significantly by gender and grade variables. It was also determined that there is a significant and positive correlation between candidate teachers' communication skills and value sub-dimension of the scale.
Estimation of Peak Muscle Power From a Countermovement Vertical Jump in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gomez-Bruton Alejandro , Gabel Leigh , Nettlefold Lindsay , Macdonald Heather , Race Douglas , McKay Heather
Published: June 2017

Gomez-Bruton, A, Gabel, L, Nettlefold, L, Macdonald, H, Race, D, and McKay, H. Estimation of peak muscle power from a countermovement vertical jump in children and adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 390–398, 2019—Several equations to predict muscle power (MP) from vertical jump height (VJH) have been developed in adults. However, few have been derived in children. We therefore aimed to: (a) evaluate the validity of existing MP estimation equations from a vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) in children and adolescents and (b) develop and validate a new MP estimation equation for use in children and adolescents. We measured peak MP (in watts) and VJH (in centimeters) during a CMJ using a force platform in 249 children and adolescents (9–17 years; 119 boys and 130 girls). We compared actual (force platform) with predicted (12 existing prediction equations) MP using repeated-measures analysis of variance and estimated bias using modified Bland-Altman plots. We developed a new prediction equation using stepwise linear regression, assessed predictive error using leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validation, and externally validated the equation in an independent sample (n = 100). All existing prediction equations demonstrated some degree of bias, either systematic bias (mean differences ranging 178–1,377 W; 8–64%) or bias at the extremes or interactions with sex. Our new prediction equation estimates MP from VJH and body mass: Power (W) = 54.2 × VJH (cm) + 34.4 × body mass (kg) − 1,520.4. With this new equation, there was no difference between actual and predicted MP (0%) and negligible differences (0.2–0.9%) in R
2 and root mean square error between our observed and cross-validated sets. Actual and predicted MP were not different in our external validation (p = 0.12). The new equation demonstrates excellent validity and can be used to predict MP from a CMJ in children and adolescents.
A Review of the Biomechanical Differences Between the High-Bar and Low-Bar Back-Squat
Authors: Glassbrook Daniel J. , Helms Eric R. , Brown Scott R. , Storey Adam G.
Published: June 2017

Glassbrook, DJ, Helms, ER, Brown, SR, and Storey, AG. A review of the biomechanical differences between the high-bar and low-bar back-squat. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2618–2634, 2017—The back-squat is a common exercise in strength and conditioning for a variety of sports. It is widely regarded as a fundamental movement to increase and measure lower-body and trunk function, as well as an effective injury rehabilitation exercise. There are typically 2 different bar positions used when performing the back-squat: the traditional “high-bar” back-squat (HBBS) and the “low-bar” back-squat (LBBS). Different movement strategies are used to ensure that the center of mass remains in the base of support for balance during the execution of these lifts. These movement strategies manifest as differences in (a) joint angles, (b) vertical ground reaction forces, and (c) the activity of key muscles. This review showed that the HBBS is characterized by greater knee flexion, lesser hip flexion, a more upright torso, and a deeper squat. The LBBS is characterized by greater hip flexion and, therefore, a greater forward lean. However, there are limited differences in vertical ground reaction forces between the HBBS and LBBS. The LBBS can also be characterized by a greater muscle activity of the erector spinae, adductors, and gluteal muscles, whereas the HBBS can be characterized by greater quadriceps muscle activity. Practitioners seeking to develop the posterior-chain hip musculature (i.e., gluteal, hamstring, and erector muscle groups) may seek to use the LBBS. In comparison, those seeking to replicate movements with a more upright torso and contribution from the quadriceps may rather seek to use the HBBS in training.
Possible Hormone Predictors of Physical Performance in Adolescent Team Sport Athletes
Authors: Martin Alanna C. , Heazlewood Ian T. , Kitic Cecilia M. , Lys Isabelle , Johnson Liam
Published: June 2017

Martin, AC, Heazlewood, IT, Kitic, CM, Lys, I, and Johnson, L. Possible hormone predictors of physical performance in adolescent team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 417–425, 2019—The research aim of this study was to determine possible hormone predictors of physical performance in adolescent team sport athletes. Saliva samples were collected immediately before performance testing sessions from 114 state squad athletes (77 males, 37 females) participating in either Australian football, basketball, hockey, or netball. Participants completed tests of aerobic and anaerobic capacity, agility, power, and speed. Samples were collected over 22 months at quarterly, six-monthly, and/or yearly intervals depending on the testing schedule of the athlete. Saliva was analyzed for testosterone (T), cortisol (C), estradiol (E), and progesterone (P) levels. A strong negative correlation existed between multistage fitness test performance and T:E ratio (r = −0.76, p = 0.01) in females not taking oral contraceptives, and a strong positive correlation existed between repeat agility total time and estradiol levels (r = −0.71, p = 0.001) in females taking oral contraceptives. In males, strong negative correlations were evident for individual changes in planned agility time and estradiol levels (r = 0.87, p = 0.02), and countermovement jump (CMJ) height and T:C (r = −0.88, p = 0.01). In females taking oral contraceptives, a strong positive correlation was noted between individual change in yo-yo intermittent recovery test performance and T:E (r = 0.74, p = 0.01) and a strong negative correlation was noted between 20-m speed and T:P (r = 0.73, p = 0.01). In females not taking oral contraceptives, a strong negative correlation was found between individual change in CMJ height and T:P (r = −0.72, p = 0.02). The findings show that in adolescent team sport athletes, the P:E, T:E, and the T:P ratios are important predictors of performance in tests of physical capacity. The findings also indicate that estradiol and progesterone have a predictive function in the physical performance of adolescent male team sport athletes.
Cortisol-related metabolic alterations assessed by mass spectrometry assay in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Di Dalmazi Guido , Quinkler Marcus , Deutschbein Timo , Prehn Cornelia , Rayes Nada , Kroiss Matthias , Berr Christina M , Stalla Günter , Fassnacht Martin , Adamski Jerzy , Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix
Published: June 2017

Objective

Endogenous hypercortisolism is a chronic condition associated with severe metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular sequela. The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic alterations in patients with different degrees of hypercortisolism by mass-spectrometry-based targeted plasma metabolomic profiling and correlate the metabolomic profile with clinical and hormonal data.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Subjects (n = 149) were classified according to clinical and hormonal characteristics: Cushing’s syndrome (n = 46), adrenocortical adenomas with autonomous cortisol secretion (n = 31) or without hypercortisolism (n = 27). Subjects with suspicion of hypercortisolism, but normal hormonal/imaging testing, served as controls (n = 42). Clinical and hormonal data were retrieved for all patients and targeted metabolomic profiling was performed.

Results

Patients with hypercortisolism showed lower levels of short-/medium-chain acylcarnitines and branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, but higher polyamines levels, in comparison to controls. These alterations were confirmed after excluding diabetic patients. Regression models showed significant correlation between cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and 31 metabolites, independently of confounding/contributing factors. Among those, histidine and spermidine were also significantly associated with catabolic signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. According to an discriminant analysis, the panel of metabolites was able to correctly classify subjects into the main diagnostic categories and to distinguish between subjects with/without altered post-DST cortisol and with/without diabetes in >80% of the cases.

Conclusions

Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations of intermediate metabolism independently associated with the severity of hypercortisolism, consistent with disturbed protein synthesis/catabolism and incomplete β-oxidation, providing evidence for the occurrence of metabolic inflexibility in hypercortisolism.
Hypoinsulinaemic, hypoketotic hypoglycaemia due to mosaic genetic activation of PI3-kinase
Authors: Leiter Sarah M , Parker Victoria E R , Welters Alena , Knox Rachel , Rocha Nuno , Clark Graeme , Payne Felicity , Lotta Luca , Harris Julie , Guerrero-Fernández Julio , González-Casado Isabel , García-Miñaur Sixto , Gordo Gema , Wareham Nick , Martínez-Glez Víctor , Allison Michael , O’Rahilly Stephen , Barroso Inês , Meissner Thomas , Davies Susan , Hussain Khalid , Temple Karen , Barreda-Bonis Ana-Coral , Kummer Sebastian , Semple Robert K
Published: June 2017

Objective

Genetic activation of the insulin signal-transducing kinase AKT2 causes syndromic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia without elevated insulin. Mosaic activating mutations in class 1A phospatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), upstream from AKT2 in insulin signalling, are known to cause segmental overgrowth, but the metabolic consequences have not been systematically reported. We assess the metabolic phenotype of 22 patients with mosaic activating mutations affecting PI3K, thereby providing new insight into the metabolic function of this complex node in insulin signal transduction.

Methods

Three patients with megalencephaly, diffuse asymmetric overgrowth, hypoketotic, hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and no AKT2 mutation underwent further genetic, clinical and metabolic investigation. Signalling in dermal fibroblasts from one patient and efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor Sirolimus on pathway activation were examined. Finally, the metabolic profile of a cohort of 19 further patients with mosaic activating mutations in PI3K was assessed.

Results

In the first three patients, mosaic mutations in PIK3CA (p.Gly118Asp or p.Glu726Lys) or PIK3R2 (p.Gly373Arg) were found. In different tissue samples available from one patient, the PIK3CA p.Glu726Lys mutation was present at burdens from 24% to 42%, with the highest level in the liver. Dermal fibroblasts showed increased basal AKT phosphorylation which was potently suppressed by Sirolimus. Nineteen further patients with mosaic mutations in PIK3CA had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

Mosaic mutations activating class 1A PI3K cause severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia in a subset of patients, with the metabolic phenotype presumably related to the extent of mosaicism within the liver. mTOR or PI3K inhibitors offer the prospect for future therapy.
Improving risk estimates for metabolically healthy obesity and mortality using a refined healthy reference group
Authors: Hamer Mark , Johnson William , Bell Joshua A
Published: June 2017

Objective

We aimed to re-examine mortality risk estimates for metabolically healthy obesity by using a ‘stable’ healthy non-obese referent group.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Participants were 5427 men and women (aged 65.9 ± 9.4 years, 45.9% men) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (vs non-obese as below this threshold). Based on blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin and C-reactive protein, participants were classified as ‘healthy’ (0 or 1 metabolic abnormality) or ‘unhealthy’ (≥2 metabolic abnormalities).

Results

Totally, 671 deaths were observed over an average follow-up of 8 years. When defining the referent group based on 1 clinical assessment, the unhealthy non-obese (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45) and unhealthy obese (HR = 1.29; CI: 1.05, 1.60) were at greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to the healthy non-obese, yet no excess risk was seen in the healthy obese (HR = 1.14; CI: 0.83, 1.52). When we re-defined the referent group based on 2 clinical assessments, effect estimates were accentuated and healthy obesity was at increased risk of mortality (HR = 2.67; CI: 1.64, 4.34).

Conclusion

An unstable healthy referent group may make ‘healthy obesity’ appear less harmful by obscuring the benefits of remaining never obese without metabolic dysfunction.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: l-Thyroxine replacement therapy in the frail elderly: a challenge in clinical practice
Authors: Ruggeri R M , Trimarchi F , Biondi B
Published: June 2017

The number of elderly people, mostly aged over 85 years (the ‘oldest old’), is increasing worldwide. As a consequence, accompanying morbidity and disability have been increasing, and frailty, defined as an age-related condition of decline of physiological reserves and vulnerability, represents an emerging problem. Caring for older frail people may represent a challenge, since the elderly differ significantly from younger adults in terms of comorbidity, polypharmacy, pharmacokinetics and greater vulnerability to adverse drug reactions. Specific criteria of therapeutic appropriateness and modified goals of care are needed in such patients, also in endocrine care settings. Indeed, thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common conditions in older, multimorbid populations. The prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism is as high as 20% and thyroid hormone prescription is common in the elderly, with a trend toward levothyroxine treatment of more marginal degrees of hypothyroidism. In addition, older patients have the highest rate of overtreatment during replacement therapy and are more susceptible to developing adverse effects from thyroid hormone excess. Recently, results of a multicentric randomized controlled trial, the TRUST–IEMO collaboration trial, added further insights to the debated question of whether and when levothyroxine treatment is required and if it is beneficial in the elderly. With this in mind, we revised the relevant literature on the impact of thyroid dysfunction and replacement therapy among older people, with the aim to better define indications, benefits and risks of l-T4 replacement therapy in the frail elderly.
Male Sex Associated With Increased Risk of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Charles M. Katherine , Cooper William O. , Jansson Lauren M. , Dudley Judith , Slaughter James C. , Patrick Stephen W.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Factors associated with development of the syndrome are poorly understood; however, infant sex may influence the risk of NAS. Our objective was to determine if infant sex was associated with the development or severity of the syndrome in a large population-based cohort.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study used vital statistics and prescription, outpatient, and inpatient administrative data for mothers and infants enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program between 2009 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between male sex and diagnosis of NAS, accounting for potential demographic and clinical confounders. NAS severity, as evidenced by hospital length of stay, was modeled by using negative binomial regression.

RESULTS:

Of 102 695 infants, 927 infants were diagnosed with NAS (484 male subjects and 443 female subjects). Adjustments were made for the following: maternal age, race, and education; maternal hepatitis C infection, anxiety, or depression; in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cigarettes; infant birth weight, small for gestational age, and year; and the interaction between opioid type and opioid amount. Male infants were more likely than female infants to be diagnosed with NAS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.33]) and NAS requiring treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.47]). However, there was no sex-based difference in severity for those diagnosed with NAS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Treatment of NAS should be tailored to an infant’s individual risk for the syndrome. Clinicians should be mindful that male sex is an important risk factor in the diagnosis of NAS.