bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of venom toxicity of 167 most lethal ophidian species provides a basis for estimating human lethal doses
Authors: Hanley Brian
Published: February 2020

Background: This is the first meta-analysis to characterize intra-ophidian-species variation in whole venom. The largest possible meta-analysis possible at this time, it encompasses all known records of animal lethality studies over the past 100 years. These results are not artifacts of resistant test-animal-species, and show orders of magnitude beyond the 1.6 logs (40 fold change) range of lethal dose documented in literature between amphibians, lizards and mice. Methods: 1198 lethal dose study results for 167 of the most lethal venomous ophidian species in the world are analyzed. Results: LDLo does not differentiate from LD50 across studies, indicating the true range of toxicity is probably larger. The belief that for route of inoculation, IC<IV<IP<IM<SC has good support (R2 = 0.90). However, 5% of ICs were the highest dose, and 7% of SC inoculations were the lowest dose. Within the mouse test species, for one route of inoculation, the widest LD range is 3 logs (1000 fold change, N = 14). Within mouse, for multiple routes of inoculation, the widest LD range is 3.6 logs (4,150 fold change), N = 20, SC/IM. The strongest correlate for range of lethal dose results is the number of studies (R2 = 0.56); followed by the number of test-animal-species (R2 = 0.55); then by the number of routes of inoculation (R2 = 0.43). Conclusions: Scientists working with humans should use combined LDLo and LD50 meta-datasets for all data and calculate: mean, median, minimum, range, and standard deviations. Standard deviation multiples will provide desired coverage. For estimating LD50 range and minimum lethal dose for species with little data, I recommend curating a meta-dataset of related snakes, and computational research to strengthen this.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Min Gyu , Jang Se Yong , Jang Jieun , Cho Hyun-Jai , Lee Sangjun , Lee San Eun , Kim Kye Hun , Yoo Byung-Su , Kang Seok-Min , Baek Sang Hong , Choi Dong-Ju , Jeon Eun-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Oh Byung-Hee , Lim Soo , Park Sue K. , Lee Hae-Young
Published: February 2020

Background Although more than one third of the patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have diabetes mellitus (DM), it is unclear whether DM exerts adverse impact on clinical outcomes. This study aimed to compare the outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF in accordance with DM and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry prospectively enrolled and completed follow-up of 5,625 patients from March 2011 to February 2019. Primary endpoints were in-hospital and overall all-cause mortality. We evaluated the impact of DM on these mortalities according to HF subtypes and glycemic control. Results DM was significantly associated with increased long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.22) even after adjusting for potential confounders. In subgroup analysis according to LVEF, DM was associated with higher long-term mortality in only HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27). Inadequate glycemic control defined by HbA1c ≥ 7.0% within 1 year after discharge was significantly associated with higher long-term mortality compared to adequate glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%) (44.0% vs. 36.8%; Log-rank p =0.016). Conclusions This large registry data showed that DM and inadequate glycemic control were significantly associated with increased long-term mortality in AHF, especially HFrEF. Tight glucose control is required to mitigate long-term mortality.
Application of the J48 Decision Tree Algorithm in the Mass Valuation of Real Estate
Authors: PEREZ EDWIN ROBERT , OBREGON NELSON , Albancando Adriana
Published: February 2020

This article presents the results of the research work of the GIGA research group of the Distrital University in Bogota Colombia in the framework of the advanced doctoral research in the engineering doctorate of the Javeriana University and shows the development followed and the corresponding analysis determine the effectiveness of the M5P algorithm within the decision tree approach for the management of BIG DATA and Machine Learning for the determination of massive property valuation. The analysis was carried out with data provided by the Special Administrative Unit of the Distrital Cadaster (UAECD) and the Technical Cadastral Observatory corresponding to three sectors of the city of Bogotá D.C. The results of the J48-based model were compared by means of a statistical analysis with the traditionally used linear regression method, obtaining satisfactory results with errors well below the linear regressions in the training, validation and forecast stages.
The related risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study
Authors: Chiu Ying-Chu , Tsai Tien-Lung , Su Meiyin , Yang Tsan , Tseng Peng-Lin , Lee Chao-Hsien
Published: February 2020

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) caused by small vessel disease was the main cause of blindness in person with diabetes, and it mainly occurred in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taiwan was one of the Asian countries with the highest prevalence rate of DR, there were only few studies for the risk of DR in patients with T2DM in Taiwan. According to some studies have shown DR was a major cause of blindness on elderly both in developed and other developing countries. The purpose was to investigate the related risk factors of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: During July 2010 to December 2017, 4010 T2DM patients without DR were preselected for this study, but 792 patients completed the continuously follow-up evaluation. Patients were invited to have an outpatient visit at least every three months, and they were asked to fill out a brief questionnaire and collect their blood samples. Additionally, statistical methods used independent sample T-test, Chi-square tests and logistic regression in univariate analysis to analyze the relationships between onset DR and each related factor; and finally the optimal multivariate logistic regression model would be determined by stepwise model selection. Results: Of the 792 effective samples, 611 patients (77.1%) progressed to DR and 181 patients (22.9%) did not get DR during the follow-up period. According to the results, the significant factors were women (OR, 2.20; 95%CI, 1.52-3.17), longer diabetic duration (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), family history of diabetes (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.21), higher concentration glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44), higher mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), and chewing betel nut (OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.41-5.77). Conclusions: This prospective cohort study showed that gender, behavior of chewing betel nut, diabetic duration, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, and LDL-c, were important factors for the development of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. It suggested that those patients should well control their HbA1c and LDL-c and quit chewing betel nut to prevent from DR, especially for female patients with family history of diabetes and longer duration of diabetes.
Decreased expression of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and its death receptor in association with poor prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Ansari Amir , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Bakhtiari Hadi , Razavi Amirnader Emami , Siavoshi Akram , Mofid Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2020

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) as one of the most common cancers, serves as the third cause of cancer-related death. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its novel death receptor (IGFBP-3R) has been shown to have an anti-tumor effect however their prognostic values have not been elucidated yet. Methods: IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3R expression were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in patients with GC (N=68). The relationship between prognostic factors such as tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor size, metastases, and Overall Survival (OS) with IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3R expression was also assessed. Results: IGFBP-3 and its death receptor expression were determined as dialectic evidence. In the experimental procedure, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3R expression were reduced in tumor tissues significantly. We found that there was an association between the reduction of IGFBP-3 with lymph node metastasis and TMN staging ( P<0.001 ). In addition, IGFBP-3R expression was associated with tumor size ( P=0.004 ), lymph node metastasis ( P<0.001 ), differentiation ( P=0.002 ) and TNM classification ( P=0.005 ). Interestingly, we presented that the downregulation of IGFBP-3R was stage-dependent. In OS analysis, we offered that low levels of IGFBP-3R mRNA expression were unfavorable with survival rate (P=0.002 ). IGFBP-3 regardless of its relationship with some prognostic parameters, there was no significant relationship between IGFBP-3 and OS. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that IGFBP-3R has the potential to be a new prognostic biomarker of GC. But despite some benefit of IGFBP-3, it cannot be accepted as a prognostic biomarker. However, this finding must be improved and confirmed by future studies.
Prediction of mechanical properties and fatigue life of nano silver paste in chip interconnection
Authors: Yang Hui , Wu Jihui
Published: February 2020

The simulation of nano-silver solder joints in flip-chips is performed by the finite element software ANSYS, and the stress-strain distribution results of the solder joints are displayed. In this simulation, the solder joints use Anand viscoplastic constitutive model, which can reasonably simulate the stress and strain of solder joints under thermal cycling load. At the same time this model has been embedded in ANSYS software, so it is more convenient to use. The final simulation results show that the areas where the maximum stresses and strains occur at the solder joints are mostly distributed in the contact areas between the solder joints and the copper pillars and at the solder joints. During the entire thermal cycling load process, the area where the maximum change in stress and strain occurs is always at the solder joint, and when the temperature changes, the temperature at the solder joint changes significantly. Based on comprehensive analysis, the relevant empirical correction calculation equation is used to calculate and predict the thermal fatigue life of nano-silver solder joints. The analysis results provide a reference for the application of nano-silver solder in the electronic packaging industry.
Geochemical composition of sapropel in lakes: reflections of paleoenvironmental conditions and anthropogenic influence
Authors: Satkūnas Jonas , Valskys Vaidotas , Ignatavičius Gytautas , Grigienė Alma
Published: February 2020

Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C datings, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and chemical elements due to climate change, human impacts and other environmental changes. Four lakes with different trophic states and anthropogenic pressures were chosen for this study in Lithuania. Lake Balsys has a mesotrophic state while Lakes Didžiulis, Salotė and Gineitiškės have eutrophic states. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyse concentrations of chemical elements, loss-on-ignition to determine organic, mineral and carbonate matter, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating were applied for determination of paleoenvironmental conditions and age of sediments. Results of this study demonstrated rather different chemical compositions of sapropels in these lakes. Human impacts are evident in the upper layers of sapropel in all lakes, however very specific and complex geochemical composition was determined in deeper layers of sapropel in the different lakes. Higher concentrations of elements like Cr and Zn are expected in deeper layers of sapropel and are attributed to lithogenic association of trace elements. Pb and Cu were detected in upper layers of sapropel which indicates the impact of anthropogenic activity. Sapropel of eutrophic lakes (Salotė and Gineitiškės) is enriched by high concentrations of heavy metals (galbūt naudoti tiesiog chemical elements?) (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn). Their main source was multidimensional anthropogenic pollution leading to a biogenic-anthropogenic association of elements. Sapropel with low concentrations of heavy metals exhibits a different inter-association matrix because most of the elements tend to form lithogenic-clastogenic associations.
Characterization of an H6N1 avian influenza virus from an illegally imported product
Authors: wang yan , jiang ming wen , li ping jin , zhang ping lei , zhang qiang , li yang chun
Published: February 2020

Background : H6N1 is low pathogenic virus commonly found in wild and domestic birds across many continents. To investigate the infective status of imported food, we detected avian influenza virus (AIV) in illegally imported frozen food from international flight. Methods : The virus was isolated, the complete genome was sequenced, and the pathogenicity was tested. PQIATR/G was found in the motif of the HA cleavage site of the isolated strain, which conforms to the molecular characteristics of a low pathogenic AIV. The amino acid residues at positions 186, 190, 226, and 228 of the HA protein receptor binding sites were proline (P), valine (V), glutamine (Q), serine (S), respectively, exhibiting the molecular characteristics required to bind to human-like receptors. The SPF chicken test showed that the IVPI was 0 and the virus was a low pathogenic AIV. The infectious results in BALB/c mice showed that the isolate could be replicated in the lower respiratory tract of mice. Mice infected with a high dose of the virus displayed moderate weight loss but no obvious clinical symptoms. Results :The results of the sequence analysis showed that the avian influenza virus was of the H6N1 subtype, which shared the highest nucleotide identity with the AIV subtypes prevalent in Taiwan province. Conclusions : It is important to intensily monitor the illegal carrying.
Morbidity and mortality in the antiretroviral era in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ghislain Manimani Riziki , MUSHEBENGE AGANZE Gloire-Aime , MAGULA NOMBULELO
Published: February 2020

Background Worldwide, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a public health problem. The prevalence of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the uppermost in the world. Method/design Observational studies will be systematically reviewed reporting on morbidity and mortality in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era in Sub-Saharan Africa. We will search relevant studies from the following databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL. Two review authors will independently screen titles abstracts and full text articles in duplicate, extract data and assess the bias. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion or arbitration of a third review author. The study will use the Preferred Reporting Item of Systematic Review (PRISMA 2015) guideline. Discussion This review will summarise the determinants of morbidity and causes of mortality in the antiretroviral era in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this study will help to improve opportunistic infection’s prevention and clinical outcomes in ART era. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CDR42019141933
Determinants of Real Exchange Rate: An analysis from macroeconomic internal factors in Latin American countries
Authors: Chavez Carlos
Published: February 2020

This paper study the macroeconomic factors than explain the real exchange real movements. We use a GMM Panel Vector Autoregressive, propose by Love and Zicchino (2006), for a period 1980-2016, graphs the impulse-response functions and his variance decomposition. We estimate a Vector Autoregressive model for each country. The results are heterogeneous when we compare the results by group and by each country, but we found significance in our variables on real exchange rate.
Study of the efficacy of the elastic intramedullary nails in the treatment of primary aneurysmal bone cysts in extremities
Authors: Wang Yi-chen , Jia Xing , Shen Yan , Wang Sun , Dong Liang-chao , Ren Jing , Zhao Li-Hua
Published: February 2020

Background The main treatment method of the primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in extremities is to curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring, radiotherapy, sclerotherapy, arterial embolism and hormone therapy can be used for the lesions whose location cannot be easily exposed by the surgery. Regardless of the method, high recurrence rates are a common problem. Purpose To explore and compare the effect and efficacy of the elastic intramedullary nails in the treatment of primary ABC in extremities. Method 26 patients with primary ABC admitted and treated from 2010 to 2016 were studied retrospectively. 26 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment plan: the patients of the control group received curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring; the patients of the study group received curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring + elastic intramedullary nail (ESIN). According to the imaging results (Neer grading) and MSTS(musculoskeletal tumor society)functional evaluation, the curative effect of the children of the 2 groups were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 10 patients of the control group received curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring and a total of 16 patients of the study group received curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring + ESIN. All of the patients were followed up for more than 2 years. 9 of the 26 patients recurred. According to the imaging results and MSTS function evaluation, there was statistically significant difference in the curative effect between the 2 groups ( P < 0.05).The recurrence cases in the study group have a better MSTS functioncal recovery. Conclusion Curettage and bone grafts with high-speed burring + ESIN can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of primary ABC in extremities. The using of ESIN has a good curative effect and efficacy.
A transparent cap assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for the treatment of patients with esophageal varices
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhao Shulei
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cap assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) versus direct endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) in the management of patients with cirrhosis after esophageal variceal bleeding . Methods: Patients with cirrhosis suffering from esophageal variceal bleeding who underwent EIS with or without the help of a transparent cap in Shandong Provincial Hospital between Novermber December 2014 and April 2017 were included in this retrospective study. All of the cases included in the study were divided into two groups: Group A (EIS with a transparent cap, n=50), Group B (direct EIS, n=45). Data collected included patients’ demographics, details of the procedure, variceal eradication, variceal rebleeding, variceal recurrence and survival during the follow-up period. All data were expressed as mean ± SD. Quantitative variables were compared by Student t test, and qualitative variables were compared by the Fisher exact test or the chi-square test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was similar in both groups(16.3±10.2 mo and 15.5±9.5 mo, respectively). To achieve the eradication of varices, the volume of sclerosant (64.86±10.62 ml vs 104.73±21.25 ml, P =0.044), the mean number of sessions (2.37±1.15 times vs 5.70±1.57 times, p =0.042), the time required to perform endoscopic treatment(6.57±1.50 minutes vs 11.22±2.29 minutes, P =0.049) and the time for the initial esophageal varices eradication were significantly reduced in the cap assisted EIS group than in the direct EIS group(5.43±1.38 weeks vs 8.93±1.5 weeks, P =0.041). The probability of variceal recurrence and rebleeding was significantly higher in the direct EIS group than in cap assisted EIS group. Only 22 patients (44%) developed complications in the cap assisted EIS group as compared to 30 patients ( P =0.039) in the EIS group. The probability of survival was similar in both groups ( P =0.133). Conclusion: EIS with a transparent cap is an effective and safe treatment for esophageal varices.
Value of serum and follicular fluid Sirt1,Sirt2 protein levels in predicting the outcome of assisted reproduction
Authors: Yao Lingnv , Lin Wenqin , Jiang Nan , Li Chuyan , Cao Haifeng , Li Hong , Qian Jianhua
Published: February 2020

Background: To explore whether serum and follicular fluid Sirt1, Sirt2 can reflect ovarian reserve and predict the outcome of assisted reproduction. Methods: The study population comprised 125 patients , 39 in OPOI（occult form of premature ovarian insufficiency）group, 49 in advanced age group , and 37 in control group. The levels of serum Sirt1, Sirt2 were measured on the 2nd to 5th day of menstruation (bSirt1,bSirt2) and HCG day. Follicular fluid Sirt1 (FFSirt1) and Sirt2 (FFSirt2), were determined on OPU (oocyte pick up) day. Results: The level of FFSirt2 in the advanced age group was significantly lower than those in other two groups. FFSirt 2 and Sirt 2 (HCG day ) were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.35, r=-0.19), but there were no value of them for assessing DOR (diminished ovarian reserve). The level of bSirt2 in (cumulative) pregnant group was significantly higher (r=0.24, P=0.00). Conclusions: This was the first study to show that FFSirt2 and Sirt2 (HCG day) might be negatively correlated with age and antral follicle count (AFC). bSirt2 could predict cumulative pregnancy outcome together with anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), AFC and age.
Use of Neural Network in Predicting Gastric Cancer with Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in a Hospital Population Within the Last Two Decades
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Hao , Xu Hong
Published: February 2020

Background: In clinical practice, the accurate prediction of para-aortic lymph node status and the selection of appropriate surgery methods can significantly affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. In the present study, we reviewed the data of patients who underwent radical gastric cancer surgery with dissection of para-aortic lymph nodes (PANs) within the last 20 years and assessed the possible independent predictors of PAN status. Methods: We included 308 patients with gastric cancer who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and logistic regression and neural network were utilized to identify the possible independent predictors of PAN status. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, Borrmann types III and IV, T4 stage, and pancreatic or splenic metastases were significant risk factors of PAN metastasis after adjusting for other factors, and the accuracy rate was 71.8%. After inputting all parameters into the neural network, the accuracy was 98%. Conclusion: The neural network has significant benefits in predicting PAN status in patients with gastric cancer. The finding of this study may be useful in predicting PAN metastasis.
Immune Gene Data-based Molecular Subtyping of Rectal Adenocarcinoma Related to Prognosis
Authors: sen Xia shu , Tian Hong-peng , Liu Zuo-liang , Yan Zai-hua , Wang Xian-yan , Meng Chang-yuan , Li Li-fa , Tang Xue-gui , Zhang GuangJun
Published: February 2020

Background: The morbidity and mortality of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) is increasing, which is considered as an aggressive type of colorectal malignancy. A great deal of evidence has suggested the significant association between the progression of READ and the immunophenotype of tumor cells (i.e. the expression of intracellular immune-related genes).Methods: Samples retrieved from the TCGA and ImmPort database were investigated to identify immune-related genes specifically impacting the prognosis of READ patients. Several typical ones were then selected to construct the prognostic prediction model of READ patients through Lasso algorithm. The training and test cohorts were incorporated into the model, respectively. We stratified READ patients to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency and stability of the model in the prediction and classification of patient prognosis according to the value of median RiskScore (Risk-H and Risk-L). GO and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted among the nine selected immune-related genes.Results: A total of 57 immune-related displaying marked correlated with patient prognosis were identified and nine most typical genes could be majorly enriched into several pathways with close correlation with READ and the corresponding immune response. the distribution of nine immune-related genes were examined in the samples from both Risk-H and –L groups. Finally, the connection of the RiskScore value with the clinical characteristics of sample and the related signaling pathways were investigated.Conclusions: The prognostic prediction model of RiskScore constructed based on the expression profiling of the nine immune-associated genes exhibited high prediction accuracy and stability to identify the relevant immune features. This model could contribute to the guidance for clinicians in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis for various immunophenotypes. Meanwhile, it also can offer various therapeutic targets for precise treatment of READ in clinical practice according to the identified immune molecules specific to different subtypes.
The Prospect of Community-Led Place-Keeping as Urban Commons in Public Residential Estates in Singapore
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Srilalitha , Chong Keng Hua
Published: February 2020

Can place-keeping be considered as urban commons or occurring through the sharing of activities? If so, then specifically, how? This paper discusses long-term place-keeping of Singapore's neighbourhood green spaces as a shared practice, actively engaging citizens in shared responsibilities
and collective efforts in transitioning a 'public' space to a 'common' space. We discuss community gardens as a shared urban space and examine two initiatives for neighbourhood green spaces characterized by active involvement of citizens in place-keeping: Community in Bloom (CIB) and Allotment
Gardens (AG). Six case studies were examined to understand the current process of shared green space management. An integrated Policy Arrangement Approach (PAA) framework was adopted to analyse the governance arrangements and evaluate the spatial qualities of the community gardens (CIB and
AG). Our analysis highlights the positive socio-economic impact of community-led green space management through effective shared place-keeping strategies. It emphasizes the need for an innovative participatory governance approach with a conscious balance between 'autonomy' and 'authority'
as the key to long-term place-keeping. Localized community initiatives within a mosaic governance model with flexible partnerships between authorities and citizens would be a good starting point in facilitating shared governance of green spaces in Singapore's public residential estates.
Reclaiming the City as Commons. Learning from Latin American Housing Movements
Authors: Stavrides Stavros
Published: February 2020

This paper explores a renewed problematization of contemporary metropolises' dynamics in the light of speci fic efforts to reclaim the city as commons. Building on Lefebvre's theorizations of the city's virtuality and comparing it to contemporary approaches to the urban condition that
emphasize the potentialities of contemporary city-life, it suggests that urban commoning is unleashing the power of collective creativity and collaboration. Struggles to appropriate the city as a crucial milieu for sharing transforms parts of city and produces new patterns of urban living.
Examples from Latin American urban movements focused on establishing emancipatory housing conditions are used to illustrate the transformative capabilities of urban commoning.
Reverse Technology Assessment in the Age of the Platform Economy
Authors: Frenken Koen , Pelzer Peter
Published: February 2020

The rise of what is often referred to as the sharing economy is among the most daring challenges for cities around the world. Sharing platforms create opportunities for efficient market exchange, but also cause negative externalities for city dwellers. A challenge for city authorities
is that platforms can be launched without ex ante assessment of externalities and public interests, leaving public debate and political deliberation ex post affairs. We call the platform innovation logic 'reverse technology assessment', which obstructs participatory planning and constructive
technology assessment. We discuss the potential of an alternative policy framework known as 'right to challenge'. We end with a broader reflection on public policy regarding sharing platforms at different scalar levels, emphasizing local initiatives to develop alternative sharing platforms.
Dizel Motorda Kullanılan Biodizel/Motorin Karışımlı Yakıtların Yanma, Performans ve Emisyon Parametrelerinin Deneysel ve Sayısal Araştırılması
Authors: TEMİZER İlker , ESKİCİ Bünyamin
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışma, ayçiçek yağı metil ester ve dizel karışımlarının motor karakteristiklerini ve yanma analizlerini içermektedir. Deneysel çalışmalar tek silindirli dizel bir motorda yapılmıştır. Sayısal çalışma ise AVL-FIRE yazılımının ESE-Diesel kısmında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde, karışımlı yakıtlar içerisinde en yüksek motor torku %10 ayçiçek yağı metil ester-%90 motorin (AYME10) çalışmasında elde edilmiştir. Bütün test yakıtları içerisinde en yüksek silindir içi basınç, %30 ayçiçek yağı metil ester-%70 motorin (AYME30) karışımlı çalışmada elde edilmiştir. Karışım içerisindeki biodizel oranın artmasıyla birlikte NOx emsiyonları artarken, CO ve HC emisyonları ise azalmıştır.
Iğdır İli Büyükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinin Yapısal Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ İsa , KAYLAN Volkan , YANAR Mete
Published: February 2020

Bu araştırma Iğdır ilinde sığır yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerinin yapısını ve mevcut durumunu incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 162 işletme sahibiyle soru ve cevap şeklinde anket yapılmıştır. Veriler 2 (ki-kare) testi ile analiz edilerek, yüzdelik değerler şeklinde verilmiştir. İşletmecilerin ortalama yaşları 44.9±1.0 olarak, işletmelerde ortalama 86.5±5.7 dekar arazi olduğu, bu arazilerin 74.8±4.1 dekarı sulu, 11.7±3.8 kuru tarım arazilerinde oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletme başına düşen ortalama sığır 20.9±1.3 baş olarak belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin %84.0 oranında ahırları geleneksel ve %16.0’sı modern olarak yapıldığı, işletmelerin sahip oldukları ahırların %88.3’ünün kapalı-bağlı, diğerlerinin ise açık-serbest ve yarı açık sırasıyla %3.7 ve %8.0 oranlarında ahır tiplerine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin bölgede barınak yapımında %53.7 oranında betonarme (tuğla vs.), %31.5’inin taş + kerpiç, %12.4’ünün taş ve %2.4’ünün ise sadece kerpiç kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin %74.1’inin kayıt tuttuğu ve %25.9’unun ise tutmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin %82.1’i bir hayvancılık organizasyonuna kayıtlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde sağımın %54.3’ü seyyar sağım makinesiyle, %38.3 elle, %1.9’u sağım ünitesiyle ve %5.6’sı elle+seyyar makine ile yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde %80.8 oranında meme temizliği yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yetiştiricilerin hayvan bakım ve beslenmesi konusunda yeterli bilgi ve araziye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle yetiştiricilerin modern sığır çiftlikleri kurmaları teşvik edilmelidir.
Polietilen-İndirgenmiş Grafen Oksit ve Polietilen-İndirgenmiş Grafen Oksit-Aramid Kompozitlerinin Hazırlanması
Authors: MERYEMOĞLU Bahar , ERBATUR Oktay
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada işlenebilirliği kolay olan polietilene (PE) dolgu materyali olarak indirgenmiş grafen oksit (iGO) ve Aramid/iGO eklenmiştir. Polimerin % 0.1’ini içerecek şekilde kompozit materyaller eriyik harmanlama metodu ile termokinetik mikser ve sıcak-soğuk izostatik pres ile hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen kompozitlerin mekanik çekme testleri incelenmiştir. Çok düşük oranlarda (% 0.1) nano katkı maddeleri içeren bu katı kompozit maddelerin konvansiyonel plastik işlemelerinde rahatlıkla kullanılabilecekleri gösterilmiştir.
A Hybrid Third-Order Iterative Process To Solve Nonlinear Equations
Authors: DOĞAN Kadri
Published: February 2020

In this study, by using the iterative method discussed in (Kang et al., 2013) and adopting a technique given in details (Biazar and Amirteimoori, 2006) introduced a new hybrid third-order iterative method to solve nonlinear equations derived from the Picard-Mann fixed-point iterative method. Some problems have been solved in order to demonstrate the performance of the established iterative method for the solution of the nonlinear equations.
ZnFe/Poly(N-metilpirol-co-o-anisidin) Kaplı Karbon Çelik Elektrodun Antikorozif Davranışı
Authors: AKDAG Abdurrahman
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada ZnFe alaşımı karbon çelik elektrot (KÇ) yüzeyine kronopotansiyometri tekniği ile kaplanmıştır. Poly(N-metilpirol-co-o-anisidin) (PNMP-co-POA) kopolimer filmi ZnFe kaplı karbon çelik elektrot (KÇ/ZnFe) yüzeyine dönüşümlü voltametri tekniği kullanılarak 0.30 M okzalik asit çözeltisinde sentezlenmiştir. Yüzeyine PNMP-co-POA kaplanmış KÇ/ZnFe elektrot (KÇ/ZnFe/PNMP-co-POA) elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi, doğrusal taramalı voltametri ve anodik polarizasyon teknikleriyle karakterize edilerek KÇ ve KÇ/ZnFe elektrotlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Nyquist diyagramları KÇ/ZnFe/PNMP-co-POA elektrodun polarizasyon direncinin KÇ ve KÇ/ZnFe elektrotlarına göre oldukça yüksek olduğunu dolayısıyla sentezlenen PNMA-co-POA kopolimer filmin antikorozif özelliğinin iyi olduğunu göstermiştir.
Monitoring and current research of groundwater resources and recharge in the Doñana Natural area (SE Spain)
Authors: Kohfahl Claus , Molano-Leno Lidia , Guardiola Carolina , Manzano Marisol , Ruiz Fernando , Naranjo-Fernández Nuria , Rebollo Ana , Martínez Daniel , Martínez Antonio , Heredia Javier , Custodio Emilio , Vanderlinden K. , Higueras J. Horacio , Giráldez V.
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents the monitoring and research of groundwater resources and natural recharge in the Doñana Natural Area. The subchapter “Monitoring networks for Groundwater Resources and Recent Management Issues of the Doñana” deals with the history and current state of the official monitoring networks for piezometry and hydrochemistry. In the second subchapter “Application of Models in Recent Management and Forecasting of Resources” the current research and the model based water management issues are presented. The third subchapter “Main Knowledge existing on Groundwater Natural Chemical Composition and Contaminant Processes in the Eolian Mantle Aquifer Sector of the Doñana (SW Spain)” provides an overview of hydrochemical research carried out in the eolian part of the aquifer. Subchapter 4 “Active Monitoring Network for Recharge Measurements in the Doñana National Park” presents the current monitoring network for groundwater recharge.
Various Sensing Mechanisms for the Design of Naphthalimide based Chemosensors Emerging in Recent Years
Authors: Udhayakumari Duraisamy
Published: February 2020

In the design of novel fluorescent chemosensors, investigation of new sensing
mechanisms between recognition and signal reporting units is of increasing interest. In recent
years, a smart chemosensor probe containing a 1,8-naphthalimide moiety could be developed
as a fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for toxic anions, metal ions, biomolecules,
nitroaromatics, and acids and be further applied to monitor the relevant biological applications.
In this field, several problems and challenges still exist. This critical review is mainly
focused on various sensing mechanisms that have emerged in the past few years, such as
Photo-Induced Electron Transfer (PET), Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), Fluorescence
Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT),
hydrogen bonding and displacement approach. The review concludes with some current and
future perspectives, including the use of the naphthalimides for sensing anions, metal ions,
biomolecules, nitroaromatics and acids and their potential uses in various fields.
Right-Wing Extremism Elements In The Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: CASIS
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this briefing note is to examine the alleged presence of right-wing extremism (RWE) within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), with particular reference to Corporal Patrik Mathews and RWE group, known as “The Base”.
Fifth-Generation Warfare and the Definitions of Peace
Authors: Patel Asmaa
Published: February 2020

The intent of this paper is to argue that postmodern warfare and fifth-generation warfare impact traditional notions of peace and conflict and therefore, a transformative approach to the definition of peace is required. The main objectives of this paper are three-fold: the first is to contend that where traditional notions of peace include the absence of kinetic violence exclusively, fifth-generation warfare and postmodern warfare encompass several different forms of combat; the second objective is to argue that in fifth-generation warfare conflict is perceived as not only intrastate disagreements but conflict between cultural groups, taken across transnational borders. Finally, considering the above arguments, this paper concludes by suggesting that peacebuilding requires a need for peacebuilders to adopt a new definition of conflict and peace. Additionally, they need to concern themselves with changing the “belligerent and antagonistic attitudes that foster violent conflict at the grassroots level” (Bellamy et al, 2010).
CETA and Preserving Digital Society
Authors: CASIS
Published: February 2020

On July 26th, 2019, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver, and the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian International Council (CIC) hosted the delegates of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) of the European Union (EU). The purpose of the event was to discuss the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada in the context of preserving digital civil society.
Big Data and the Fight Against Extremism
Authors: CASIS
Published: February 2020

On November 22, 2019, Dr. Fred Popowich presented on “Big Data and the Fight Against Extremism” at the second annual West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers. During such period, main discussion topics in the panel titled “AI, Big Data and Information Warfare” included slaughter- bots, the dark web and collaboration against increasing cyber threats.
A colonialidade como projeto estruturante da crise ecológica e a Educação Ambiental desde el Sur como possível caminho para a decolonialidade
Authors: Salgado Stephanie Di Chiara , Menezes Anne Kassiadou , Sánchez Celso
Published: February 2020

Esse artigo se inspira na ideia de que a América Latina é fundada num conflito ambiental, que remonta à ruptura das relações sociedade-natureza com vistas à instauração de um modelo extrativista e espoliativo nesses territórios. A “descoberta” inventa identidades racializadas – negros e índios – cujos modos de vida são encobertos. A colonialidade está presente e estrutura a crise ecológica atual. Através de uma prática educativa que busca (re)qualificar as relações com a natureza, ao desvelar os conflitos ambientais constitutivos deste território, vemos na Educação Ambiental (EA) crítica um caminho possível de reconexão frente à fratura exposta pela colonização, atuando como um dispositivo desencobridor e decolonial, disposto a contar “a história que a história não conta”, quando aliada aos saberes e às lutas históricas de povos espoliados. Para tanto, compartilhamos algumas elaborações teórico-práticas que reflexionam/constroem uma EA fincada na América Latina: uma EA desde el Sur.
Resource-saving: main formation stages, theories and methods, tendencies and prospects of development in industry and construction of Russia
Authors: Tshovrebov Eduard S.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The paper considers one of the actual modern ecological, technological, and economic problems. It is saving, rational usage of natural, mineral, and energy resources. Based on an in-depth review of scientific researches and normative documents, the paper suggests ways of solving the resource-saving problem within a context of sustainable development of industry and construction, the formation of “green” economics, provision of ecological safety, scientific and technological development of Russia.

Materials and methods. The paper analysed foreign and domestic publications, normative legal acts, documents on standardization in the field of formation of a conceptual system, legal standards, fundamental theories, concepts, and methods, advanced guidelines of developing the resource-saving, rational usage of natural resources, involving secondary resources in economic turnover. A systemic analysis of methods and algorithms for solving the scientific problem was suggested as a research method.

Results. For the first time in modern scientific literature, the paper gives comprehensive theme review of normative and methodological literature, scientific research works in the field of different aspects of the resource-saving: legal, organizational and technical, ecological, technological, social and economic ones. The paper reveals and formulates priority guidelines to be thoroughly researched in the future by theoretical and applied sciences. The paper proposes concrete measures of normative and legal regulation, organization, economic incentives of activities in the field of the resource-saving and usage of the secondary resources.

Conclusions. The scientific novelty is concluded in the suggested systemic approach to forming an integrated resource-saving system at the state, sectoral, and production levels as an efficient tool for developing domestic economics.
Study of marl stabilization with organic binders
Authors: Korolev Egor I. , Sychkina Evgeniya N. , Ponomaryov Andrey B.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The paper considers marl used as the primary material for road embankments and multiple-well platforms at some oil fields of the Perm’ Territory. This ground has different strength parameters in dry and water-saturated conditions. Rather high values of the resistance to uniaxial compression in dry conditions abruptly fall when contacting atmospheric or ground water. Being damped and destroyed, marl is capable of transiting into the plastic state with abrupt reduction of strength and growth of deformability. Materials and methods. The optimal binder was selected. Strength tests were performed on samples made based on of various binder contents and hardening periods. The considered strength parameter is the ultimate uniaxial compression strength. A part of the laboratory tests was carried out with artificial marl, which was recreated by granulometric composition to expand the statistical data of the tests. Laboratory studies for non-stabilized marl were conducted to determine the optimal humidity, density of ground particles, yield limit, and plastic limit. The hardening of the samples occurred under different temperature conditions. Results. The study of both stabilized and non-stabilized ground samples is mainly focused on strength indicators, changes in plastic properties, compaction requirements, correlation of strength, and compressibility characteristics of the marl samples. There is a decrease in density and humidity, with an increase in the amount of binder in the sample. Significant improvement and stabilization of the studied samples were observed for 4-% binder content. Conclusions. The study proved many increases in the strength of marl during its stabilization. The optimal type of binder was proposed. Dependences of the strength of ground samples on the binder content were shown
World-building, Dangerous Magic and Jane Austen
Authors: Dooley Gillian , Williams Sean
Published: February 2020

Sean Williams is a South Australian author who has published more than 50 books and well over 100 short stories for adults, young adults and children. Most of his work is science fiction or fantasy, and he has created several series, including Twinmaker (3 volumes) and The Books of the Change (10 volumes). He often co-authors with writers such as Garth Nix and Shane Dix. Sean is a multiple recipient of both the Ditmar and Aurealis Awards for science fiction and has appeared on the New York Times Bestseller list.I got to know Sean when he joined the staff of the English and Creative Writing department at Flinders University in 2019. I was intrigued to hear about Impossible Music (2019), a novel about a young musician who suddenly loses his hearing, and I read it with great enjoyment as soon as I could get my hands on it. When I heard him say in a public conversation that he read Jane Austen for inspiration when writing a realist novel (a new genre for him) I approached him and suggested we talk. I hurriedly read a very small fraction of his other output – the first novels in the Twinmaker and Change series, and Magic Dirt, a book of short stories – in preparation, and we met in his office in December 2019.
Kamala Das
Authors: Kishore Usha , Hariharan B
Published: February 2020

Kamala Das Suraiya (1934-2009), who also wrote under the pen name of Madhavikutty, was a bilingual writer from the South Indian state of Kerala and one of the most popular and most controversial poets of Indian English. As a major Indian poet of contemporary times, Das has attracted international attention by her bold and previously unarticulated expressions of womanhood. The recognition of Das as an Indian poet in English came with the PEN Asian Poetry Prize in 1963. Since then her poems have been published in many anthologies including the World Anthology of Living Poets (1973). Her initial poetry collections in English are: Summer in Calcutta (1965), The Descendants (1967), The Old Playhouse and Other Poems (1973) and Tonight, this Savage Rite (Kamala Das and Pritish Nandy, 1979). Many other collections were published subsequently, incorporating both new poems and poems from the above collections.Some of them are: Collected Poems (1984), The Best of Kamala Das (1991), Only the Soul Knows How to Sing (1996), Encountering Kamala (2007) and a posthumous collection, Wages of Love ed. Suresh Kohli in 2013. Collected Poems won the Sahitya Akademi (New Delhi) award in 1984. Other works in English include her novel, Alphabet of Lust (1976), her autobiography, My Story, and short stories A Doll for the Child Prostitute (1977) and Padmavati the Harlot and Other Stories (1992).The initial part of this literary dialogue on Kamala Das between Usha Kishore and Dr B. Hariharan took place at the Institute of English, Thiruvananthapuram, where Usha was on a study trip from Edinburgh Napier University. The following is an email dialogue, incorporating the initial face to face discourse.
ESTRATÉGIA DE VIVER A VIDA DE UMA TRABALHA- DORA EXPATRIADA À LUZ DA ESTRATÉGIA EXISTENCIAL CONSUMISTA
Authors: Fraga Aline Mendonça , Prestes Vanessa Amaral , Grisci Carmem Ligia Iochins
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo toma peculiaridades relativas ao gênero na especifi-cidade da expatriação, à luz da estratégia existencial consumista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que se utilizou da entrevista narrativa como dispositivo de pro-dução e análise. Os dados foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico vindo a com-porem a narrativa construída no processo de análise. Os resultados apontaram para uma estratégia de viver a vida pautada na incorporação de um modo de ser e agir con-forme a ordem masculina. A estratégia de viver a vida caracterizada se viu exacer-bada em condição de expatriação, sustentando a estratégia existencial consumista.