bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing the Next Generation of Physician Leaders
Authors: Leitman I. Michael , Nickerson Brian
Published: January 2020

Formal training in leadership development has become increasingly popular among physicians. There is a growing interest to provide this educational content to medical students and residents so that they will have these skills upon the start of their clinical or academic medical practice. It is possible to provide the proper management skills to medical trainees so they will have the opportunity to utilize and master these competences during their education. This chapter provides an overview of the available content and the literature to support the integration of this curriculum into formal undergraduate and graduate medical education. This chapter provides a template for the development of a longitudinal experience and the necessary proficiencies to allow trainees to develop as effective clinical leaders.
Passing the Baton
Authors: Anderson Andrea A. , Haywood Yolanda C. , Lee Juliet , Ranniger Claudia U. , Henry Grace E.
Published: January 2020

Transitions in medical school are a recognized point of stress for learners. Overall, stress is a known aspect of any period of transition, where the unknown looms large and new skills need to be acquired to achieve mastery of the next step. As the medical needs of the population grow, medical schools are admitting larger and more diverse classes. These students will undergo several major points of transition in their undergraduate medical education careers including the period of matriculation to the first year and the transition from the preclinical years into the clinical years. The George Washington School of Medicine has developed a longitudinal approach including two specific programs to support students during these recognized points of academic transition. The Prematriculation Program (PMP) and the Foundations of Clinical Practice course address the specific needs of these stages. The authors contend that an intentional approach to support students at periods of known academic risk is a beneficial aid to student success.
Psychometric Post-Examination Analysis in Medical Education Training Programs
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Hanna-Khalil Bishoy
Published: January 2020

Assessment in medical education has changed dramatically over the last two decades. The current, global call for medical practitioners has encouraged medical schools to open their doors and expand their curricula, generating an increasing demand for guidance with regards to the assurance and improvement of the quality of training programs and systems. This chapter provides the reader with an overview of psychometric post-examination analysis. The authors' view is that these are strategic educational assets that can help medical educators to understand and evidence the extent to which assessment data and their interpretation reflect the achievement of learning objectives, and the validity of assessment methods implemented in medical education programs.
Models of Academic Support and Advising
Authors: Dillman Dawn , Zeisman-Pereyo Shoshana
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines learning support models in undergraduate medical education. LCME requires robust system of student support for certification. Learning specialists with degrees in education are frequently in charge of leading student support systems. This may include tutoring programs, United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE), and other standardized exam preparation. Visibility and accessibility are key to the success of any support program. LCME also mandates both academic and career advising. Advising, mentoring, and coaching are often thought of as interchangeable terms. However, they each have unique implications and their applicability to medical education is explored. Learning communities are frequently used to enhance the delivery of the advising system. Specific examples are given.
Professional and Career Development of Medical Students
Authors: Chen Sophia , Traba Christin , Lamba Sangeeta , Soto-Greene Maria
Published: January 2020

This chapter reviews the steps for professional and career development of medical students. While the two overlap, there are distinct differences in preparation of students for lifelong professional vs. career development. Professional development involves professional/social identity as well as professional competence. Authors describe curricular implementation to help students achieve professional competence, including specific tools to form professional/social identities and recognize unconscious biases, essential for personal growth, psychological health, and successful careers of future physicians. In parallel to professional development, career specific advising must start in Year 1 of medical school as well. This chapter delineates the differences in academic vs. career advising, advising versus counseling, and a stepwise approach by medical school year to help guide students to their ultimate career path exploring career specialties to choosing one and ultimately preparing for residency.
The Clinician as Educator
Authors: Schindler Barbara A.
Published: January 2020

The changing landscape of medical practice, the explosion of medical knowledge, and the introduction of new technologies and teaching methods have impelled a re-examination of the various roles of the medical educator. This chapter examines each of those roles -- content expert, competency expert, role model, teacher of critical thinking, promoter of life-long learning, patient educator -- from both a historical and modern perspective. The overall requirements for faculty development are described and, for each of the educator's roles, specific faculty development suggestions are put forth to meet the evolving needs of modern medical educators.
Digital Health
Authors: Zanetti Cole A. , George Aaron , Stiegmann Regan A. , Phelan Douglas
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents an assessment of the rapidly evolving state of health-related technology and its developing impact on health care, medical education, patient care, and care delivery. This is collectively referred to as the digital health movement in medicine. This chapter provides a broader understanding of how digital health is changing not only the practice of medicine, but the consumer market that pertains to health care and medicine at large. The authors discuss the current state of digital health in medicine, the challenges of conventionally assessing digital health-related competencies, and the relative difficulty of adapting contemporary medical education to include digital health modalities into traditional undergraduate medical education. This chapter also showcases three unique case studies of early-adopting medical institutions that have created digital health learning opportunities for their undergraduate medical student population.
Expect What You Inspect
Authors: Novak Daniel Alexander , Hallowell Ronan , Elliott Donna
Published: January 2020

The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) requires that medical schools track compliance and continuous quality improvement (CQI) efforts across a broad range of LCME standards. However, LCME does not state what form these tracking efforts should take, or how medical schools should represent this information to the Committee or internally. This chapter provides an overview of the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California's (KSOM) new approach to CQI tracking using an online dashboard. The project resulted in an online platform that represents the CQI project progress across a range of elements, maintains visual consistency across a range of data sources and file types, and is easily accessible by relevant stakeholders. This innovation from KSOM illustrates how a web-based platform supports CQI efforts, and how this design can be translated to other contexts. The design presented in this chapter provides guidelines for the development and innovation of CQI tracking initiatives at other schools.
Optical Methods in Stress Measurement
Authors: Anbalagan Karpagaraj
Published: January 2020

Stress will be produced in most of the engineering components related to their manufacturing process or because of their loading condition. For some special cases, both types also combined together and produce stress. Manufacturing processes like casting, welding, machining, and hot forming are creating the stress in the components. This stress will produce due to alteration of the microstructure (size, shape, phase composition, and orientation). Loading conditions are also produced stresses in the engineering components. This stress may be classified into compression, shear, tension, and fatigue. These depend on the load. Measuring the stresses in the components is very important because it can save a lot in terms of money, material, and manpower. A lot of techniques are used in industries to measure the stresses. Based on that, measurement techniques are broadly classified into two category, namely destructive and non-destructive techniques. Each method has its own advantages and limitations too. In this chapter, the optical method of measuring stress is discussed briefly.
Modelling Stress Distribution in a Flexible Beam Using Bond Graph Approach
Authors: Tripathi Jay Prakash
Published: January 2020

The bond graph (BG) approach of modelling provides a unified approach for modelling the systems having components belonging to multi-energy domains. Moreover, as evident by its name, it is a graphical approach. The graphical nature provides a tool for conceptual visualization of the model. It also provides some algorithmic tools because of its formal structure and syntax, thereby enabling model consistency checks such as checking algebraic loops, etc. There are a large number of texts published in recent years that may be refereed for background material on the BG methodology. Though used in many applications, its use in modelling stress distribution in the system is limited. Finite element (FE) modelling has found wide applicability for the same. This chapter is aimed at providing background knowledge, a comparison of BG approach with the FE approach, and a review of research progress of past two decades in this direction.
A Theoretical Study of Thermal Stress for Engineering Applications
Authors: Bhowmik Mrinal , Banerjee Payal , Bhowmik Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2020

The stress generated due to the temperature difference is called thermal stress. Generally, the temperature gradients, thermal shocks, and thermal expansion or contraction are most effective contributors to thermal stress. The improper temperature profile of a body results in the formation of cracks, fractures, or plastic deformations at single or multiple spots depending upon two factors (i.e., the magnitude of temperature distribution or other variables of heating and material properties). So, this chapter analyses the causes of thermal stress and their measurement techniques. However, as most of the engineering problems, the thermal stress is due to the thermal expansion or sudden temperature changes happening in the body. Therefore, a brief analysis of temperature measurement devices with their proper data capturing methodology is also discussed.
Simulation of Mn2-x Fe1+x Al Intermetallic Alloys Microstructural Formation and Stress-Strain Development in Steel Casting
Authors: Maduraipandian Malaidurai
Published: January 2020

In this simulation, the permeation of the n-phase precipitation to the Mn2 Fe Al crystallization is induced by the steel casting solidification process by JMatPro. Using the model, the morphological evolution of the Fe and Mn in different percentages was obtained, in which the heated data obtained by simulating casting and extreme heat treatment processes were adopted. This chapter describes a model of the computer model for calculating the phase transition and properties of materials required to predict the deviation during the heat treatment of steel. The current model has the advantage of using a variety of shape memory alloys including medium to high aluminium-based Heusler alloys. Even for an arbitrary cooling profile, a wide range of physical, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties can be calculated as a function of time/temperature/cooling with different proportions. TTT (time-temperature transfer) curves are exported to FE-/FD-based packages to reduce the data distortion of materials. The test results are displayed as a stress-strain diagram.
Civic Engagement in Local Environmental Initiatives
Authors: Heaton Lorna , Días da Silva Patrícia
Published: January 2020

The goal of this chapter is to draw attention to the interrelation of multiple mediatized relationships, including face-to-face interaction, in local civic engagement around biodiversity and the environment. The authors propose that civic engagement and participation transcend the type of media used, and that artificial distinctions between online and offline participation are unproductive. Their argument is supported by three examples of participatory projects in which social media-based and face-to-face interactions are closely interrelated. This contribution highlights local uses of social media and the web. It shows how engagement plays out across multiple channels and how resources can be found in a variety of media formats. In particular, online media significantly alter the visibility of both local actions and of the resulting data.
Information Hubs or Drains?
Authors: Towner Terri L.
Published: January 2020

This chapter investigates the link between young adults' attention to campaign information on offline and online media and their knowledge about political facts and candidate issues. The findings, based on a unique, three-wave panel survey conducted during the 2012 U.S. presidential election, show that attention to campaign information on offline sources, such as television, hard-copy newspapers, and radio, was not significantly related to political knowledge. Instead, young adults' attention to online sources played a more important role. Specifically, political knowledge levels were significantly and positively linked to attention to campaign information in online newspapers and television campaign websites. In contrast, attention to campaign information on social media, particularly Facebook and Google+, was negatively related to political knowledge levels during the fall campaign period. Therefore, this study suggests that certain forms of online media serve as a drain on political knowledge whereas attention to other digital outlets can serve as hubs of information.
Social Media as Public Political Instrument
Authors: Maulana Ikbal
Published: January 2020

Social media has played important roles in social movements in many parts of the world. It has been used to raise people's awareness about the injustice they suffer as well as to mobilize them to challenge a repressive government. Social media enables people to define public interests by themselves, taking over the role previously taken by elites. It is all due to its simplicity which allows anyone to be both a producer and consumer of information. Citizens are no longer the spectators of political games played by the elites, but they can participate and even mobilize public opinions challenging those in power. The possibility of anonymous interactions allows anyone to express any view without the fear of disapproval and sanction, which leads to the plurality of discourse, which in turn increases the possibility of democratization. However, the impact of social media is not deterministic, and it is not always beneficial to public. Even those in power can use it to preserve the existing hierarchy of power.
In Digital Technology We Trust
Authors: Vize Roisin , Rooney Tara , Murphy Lesley E.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the concept of trust and issues relating to how the construct is conceptualised and understood in a traditional offline context as well as in online environments. The chapter opens with a mini case study that highlights the complexities of being a privately-owned small firm operating in a dynamic and largely unregulated web environment. The firm is relatively new to the financial sector thus augmenting the challenges that lie in reducing perceived risk in an industry that has a chequered history with customer perceptions of credibility and integrity in the financial services sector. The chapter introduces the theoretical underpinning, which draws from the trust theories and technology adoption at firm level, which is critiqued through the lens of the technology acceptance model. Concepts related to institution-based trust are discussed and managerial implications are considered for pure play firms operating online. Each section of the chapter explores these theoretical perspectives from a FinTech context.
They Know What You Will Do Next Click
Authors: Çelik Serra
Published: January 2020

This chapter focuses on predicting web user behaviors. When web users enter a website, every move they make on that website is stored as web log files. Unlike the focus group or questionnaire, the log files reflect real user behavior. It can easily be said that having actual user behavior is a gold value for the organizations. In this chapter, the ways of extracting user patterns (user behavior) from the log files are sought. In this context, the web usage mining process is explained. Some web usage mining techniques are mentioned.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Social Media as a Recruitment Tool on the Social Ethical and Privacy Context
Authors: Althawwad Ghadah
Published: January 2020

The influence of social media such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter plays an increasingly influential role in the daily lives of people. Despite the rise of interest in this topic, the research discussing the ethical concerns of using social media for recruitment purposes remains in exploratory stages. This chapter provides a systematic review of recent research that was published from 2012 to 2018 and focused on ethical issues related to the use of social media for recruitment purposes. The techno-ethical lens, which studies the impact of technology on ethics, was used to explore the social and ethical aspects of how recruiters use social media for recruitment purposes.
Delivering Effective Cybersecurity Awareness Training to Support the Organizational Information Security Function
Authors: Sabillon Regner
Published: January 2020

Traditional security education, training, and awareness (SETA); cybersecurity awareness programs; and information security awareness programs are falling behind to deal with the current cyberthreat landscape in any organizational environment. Human behaviors are the weakest links in cybersecurity, especially in situations where cyberthreats are not isolated, blocked, or reported to the information security specialists for further action. Moreover, the study compares recent awareness frameworks, approaches, and methodologies. An extended research that includes an awareness training model to deal with existing challenges when delivering cybersecurity to different levels of positions in any organization. The cybersecurity awareness training model (CATRAM) has been designed to deliver training to different organizational audiences, each of these groups with specific content and separate objectives. The study concluded by addressing the need for future and innovative research to target new approaches to keep cybersecurity awareness focused on the everchanging cyberthreat landscape.
Senior Entrepreneurship and Family Business Vitality in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel , Coduras Alicia , Roomi Muhammad Azam
Published: January 2020

The Saudi economy constitutes 30% of the Arab world's GDP (gross domestic product). Traditionally focused on oil and natural gas, the economy is in the process of a structural transformation in which entrepreneurship has a pivotal role to play. Sixty percent of Saudi Arabia's population is under the age of 30. Against this background, this chapter will analyze senior entrepreneurship and the creation of family businesses in Saudi Arabia. Finally, the authors propose some measures for their generation.
The Effects of the National System of Social Security Over Senior Entrepreneurs
Authors: Villegas Mateos Allan Oswaldo , Amorós José Ernesto
Published: January 2020

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the relationship between the national systems of social security and senior entrepreneurial activity. To understand the growing phenomenon of senior entrepreneurship, the authors developed a multilevel model using a dataset from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor that allows them to relate country-level variables, such as social security contributions, level of economic development, government support and policies, and burden taxes and bureaucracy, with individual-level variables, such as the household income, experience fear of failure, and type of business. This chapter contributes to the literature of the contextual determinants of entrepreneurship by examining multilevel data on 42,100 individuals from 31 countries members of the OECD for the period of 2010–2016. The findings indicate that the country-level predictor of social security contributions has a negative effect but statistically non-significant relationship with the decision to engage in senior entrepreneurial activity.
The More Aging, The More Managing?
Authors: Kijanka Emilia , Lipska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The contemporary world is continuously changing. These changes are dynamic and take place under the influence of some social, economic, political, and cultural processes, subject to a global economy. Its further active development will depend both on their ability to compete more and more based on non-cost factors as well as existing external constraints, including regulatory barriers. Based on anonymous surveys, the chapter aims to present an analysis of motives, fears, problems, support, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of creating and running startups by people aged 50+.
Entrepreneurship Initiatives About Aging
Authors: Gutierrez Martin Jose Ramón
Published: January 2020

In the last 25 years, Japan has become a very aged society due to several reasons, among them one of the lowest world rates of fertility, natality and immigration, and, on the opposite, the world's longest life expectancy rate. Due to this situation, there's a huge opportunity to new products and services devoted to elder people, which have become to be called aging products and services. Consequently, entrepreneurship in Japan has focused as well on these products and services, and many initiatives have arisen to fill this demand. However, strong cultural factors of the Wa Country limit the development of star-ups and projects related to aging, as regards to other developed countries, as it is reviewed in this work.
Industrial Firm Performance, Entrepreneurial Age, and Managerial Practice
Authors: Rincón Díaz Carlos Augusto , Gámez-Gutiérrez Jorge Alberto , Calvo Robinson Ernesto
Published: January 2020

Some authors and entrepreneurs have weaknesses in their infrastructure, innovation, and management skills. Industrial SMEs contribute to the productivity of countries. In recent years a group of senior entrepreneurs refers to those individuals aged 50 or over who have created a business. It is assumed that senior entrepreneurs have had more time to accumulate human capital. However, human capital can also depreciate. This document analyzes the performance of industrial companies according to the ages and managerial practices of the entrepreneurs, with a sample of 383 companies. Based on two components of the Blackman model, the durability of the SME that depends on the conditions of the entrepreneur, their characteristics, and their management practices. The research design is based on a quasi-experimental and multifactorial, quantitative and deductive methodology. The third part of the entrepreneurs used six management practices that were accompanied by economic benefits. Twelve percent of managing owners are over 40 years of age and show similar performance to younger entrepreneurs.
Human Resources Management and Its Contribution to Colombian SME Sustainability
Authors: Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ramírez-Garzón María Teresa
Published: January 2020

Based on the hypothesis that human resources management directly depends on a set of organizational components that are the core for SMEs sustainability, this chapter expands previous findings in the literature. Based on a multiple regression analysis and MMOM (modernization model for organization management) implementation in 246 Colombian SMEs (small and medium enterprises), the authors show that some organizational components explain and generate 64.86% of human resources management best practices.
The Role of Smart City Solutions on the Road to Smart Territories
Authors: Ates Mücella
Published: January 2020

The concept of a smart city has emerged with the help of developing technologies against population growth, increasing urbanization rates, and rapidly depleting resources. The integration of information and communication technologies, which are the basis of the concept of a smart city, with the urban planning processes and effective use of region-specific resources are essential for the sustainability of cities. The creation of the Smart Territories, which will be the lead of smart, sustainable cities, is also directly linked to such intelligent solutions to urban problems and smart citizens. Because it is vital to be a self-sufficient structure that does urban planning by considering climatic data and develops solutions with data mining within the framework of local needs, the importance of solving the priority urban problems such as environmental management, efficient use of resources, and sustainable urban transportation with the help of rapidly developing information technologies should be emphasized on the road to smart territories.
The Development of Smart Tourism Destinations Through the Integration of ICT Innovations in SMEs of the Commercial Sector
Authors: Martucci Olimpia , Acampora Alessia , Arcese Gabriella , Poponi Stefano
Published: January 2020

The small and medium-size business activities (SMEs), coming from different commercial sectors, are generally found in Italian small towns and municipalities. Recently, SMEs are characterized by negative economic cycles. Factors negatively affecting commercial and tourism activities are historical centers' de-population phenomena, productive delocalization, business transfer, and changes in service delivery processes and logistics. To overcome these negativities the promotion of cultural assets, the use of new technologies for economic development, co-operation through networks and clusters, and the involvement and integration of different local stakeholders are crucial. The aim of this research was to identify key performance indicators and hotspots of business networks created for smart tourism development. The analysis was conducted through the compilation of a mapping of potentially usable technologies and through the analysis of the results of four case studies on the application of a business network in the Italian Lazio Region.
Smart Territory Initiatives in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Gutiérrez-Diez María de Carmen , Bordas-Beltrán José Luis , Arras-Vota Ana María de Guadalupe
Published: January 2020

In the last years, a sense of urgency for cities to become more livable and sustainable has arisen due to the expected increase in their population. This chapter describes different initiatives taking place in the city of Chihuahua in Mexico, using the framework developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with four dimensions: 1) Infrastructure for connectivity; 2) Sensors; 3) Integrated command and operations center; and 4) Communications technology. For each one of them, a description of the activities or projects is provided, along with a final SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis.
Coworking Spaces and the Transcendence of Social Innovation Knowledge in the Smart Territory
Authors: Larios-Hernandez Guillermo J. , Borbolla-Albores Alberto
Published: January 2020

Smart territories favor social entrepreneurship, which develops in a collaborative effort requiring networking and skilled facilitation. Coworking spaces (CWS) advance as mediating organizations that bring together entrepreneurial communities in smart territories. This chapter develops a practical framework for knowledge dissemination in CWS. It bases this framework on the analysis of three spatial characteristics that allow for the assessment of the knowledge transcendence originating in CWS, namely, physical, social, and informational spaces. To test this framework, the authors analyze the Roma-Norte corridor in Mexico City, whose results indicate the presence of two models: one constituted of private organizations that place collaboration as a secondary value, subject to their office rental services, and an umbrella model that clusters other social innovation facilitators that transcend their territorial strip. This latter meta-space model expresses positive effects in terms of knowledge spillover, suggesting the concentrated bottom-up construction process of a smart territory.
Are There Really Differences Between Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries?
Authors: Hidalgo Luis F. , Rialp Josep , Urbano David
Published: January 2020

The objective of this chapter is to determine the probability of starting social or commercial entrepreneurship in developing countries using the institutional approach as the theoretical framework. The study tests the hypotheses through a binomial logistic regression based on a sample of 10,598 entrepreneurs obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The main findings demonstrate that a higher level of education (formal institution) and a positive perception of personal values (informal institution) increase the probability of being a social entrepreneur. Also, the study shows that the interaction between informal institutions causes changes in the likelihood of being a social or commercial entrepreneur. This research advances the discipline by providing new information on the institutional environmental factors that influence social entrepreneurial activity.
Aiding International Students to Thrive in US Higher Education
Authors: Chennamsetti Prashanti
Published: January 2020

This chapter is a review of the literature concerning the individual factors that help international students thrive in their ‘host' countries. Convergent findings indicate that being independent, participating in extra-curricular activities, having self-efficacy, cultural empathy, maintaining relations, and being open-minded are the most significant individual factors related to the adjustment of international students. However, in this study on Asian Indian international students, four unexplored factors, namely, being polite, professionalism, showing gratitude, and thinking positively, were also found crucial in cross-cultural adjustment. Such a finding warrants identification of hypothetical connections that are informative, but empirically unexplored. Based on a synthesis of current literature, the author presents the novel hypothesis that being polite, professional, showing gratitude, and thinking positively all facilitate the general international student population to thrive in the host countries. The objective of this review is to provide relevant resource material to international student counselors and university administrators to help international students succeed during their time abroad.
Professional Business Communications
Authors: Velliaris Donna M.
Published: January 2020

In today's competitive business environment, students need to build strategic communication skills to effectively manage business activities, and their ability to effectively communicate is central to them gaining and maintaining employment. Attributes considered desirable by employers include a good work ethic, a positive attitude, analytical skills, critical thinking and problem solving, initiative, leadership ability, maturity, self-motivated, teamwork skills, technological competence, and an overall willingness to learn. Significantly, in the associated literature, the ability to communicate well—verbally and in writing—is a quality that consistently appears near or at the ‘top' of the list of desired employability traits. With that in mind, this chapter is largely descriptive and examines the design, delivery, and effectiveness of a 2016 pilot project involving inclusion of Pearson's ‘MyWritingLab' (MWL) into one Australian School of Management's core-course titled ‘Professional Development in Business'.
Business Indicators for Data Warehouse Requirement Engineering
Authors: Bhardwaj Hanu
Published: January 2020

Traditionally, data warehouse requirements engineering is oriented towards determining the information contents of the warehouse to be. This has resulted in a de-emphasis of the functional perspective of data warehouses. Consequently, it is difficult to specify functions needed for computing business indicators. The authors' approach aims to elicit needed business indicators from organizational decision makers. Thereafter, indicator hierarchies are built. Then they associate functions with business indicators of the hierarchy. These functions are visualized as use case diagrams. To do this, they extend these diagrams to allow for actor aggregation in addition to actor specialization. Further, they introduce the ‘estimated from' relationship between use cases, in addition to the ‘extend' and ‘include' relationships of UML. They illustrate their proposals with an example.
Random Walk Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for Materialized View Selection (RWGWOMVS)
Authors: Gosain Anjana , Sachdeva Kavita
Published: January 2020

Optimal selection of materialized views is crucial for enhancing the performance and efficiency of data warehouse to render decisions effectively. Numerous evolutionary optimization algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), bee colony optimization (BCO), backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSA), etc. have been used by researchers for the selection of views optimally. Various frameworks like multiple view processing plan (MVPP), lattice, and AND-OR view graphs have been used for representing the problem space of MVS problem. In this chapter, the authors have implemented random walk grey wolf optimizer (RWGWO) algorithm for materialized view selection (i.e., RWGWOMVS) on lattice framework to find an optimal set of views within the space constraint. RWGWOMVS gives superior results in terms of minimum total query processing cost when compared with GA, BSA, and PSO algorithm. The proposed method scales well on increasing the lattice dimensions and on increasing the number of queries triggered by users.
Blockchain Governance for Collaborative Manufacturing
Authors: Kelley Marty
Published: January 2020

The manufacturing industry is rapidly changing due to widespread adoption of information and communication technologies. This new landscape, described as the fourth industrial revolution, will be characterized by highly complex and interdependent systems. One particular aspect of this shift is horizontal integration, or the tight coupling of firms within a value chain. Highly interconnected and interdependent manufacturing systems will encounter new challenges associated with coordination and collaboration, specifically with regards to trust. This purpose of this chapter is to explore the potential of blockchain to address these challenges. Survey data collected from manufacturing professionals suggests that the perceived nature of trust and resource value can be bounded and controlled. Concepts from game theory, systems theory, and organizational economics are used to augment this research data and inform a collaborative manufacturing blockchain model and architecture.
Clinical guidelines on pediatric asthma exacerbation in emergency department, a narrative review
Authors: Jafarnejad Shabahang , Khoshnezhad Ebrahimi Hamidreza
Published: January 2020

Asthma has been known as a prevalent chronic-type inflammatory disease in children, because of their narrower respiratory airways. The present study aimed to identify guidelines for children asthma treatments. Extensive research was conducted on biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS database, global independent network of Cochrane, Science Direct and global health library of Global Index Medicus. A comprehensive literature review was carried out using the terms Pediatric Asthma, epidemiology, management, and related clinical guidelines published from 2000 to 2019. After the primary assessment, quick diagnosis, clinical practice guidelines are useful tools for proper management of pediatric Asthma. By setting proper guidelines for this particular population, a higher improvement in quality of management of of pediatric Asthma is expected. Given the differences between the recommendations arisen by BTS/SIGN and NICE guidelines, critical comparison of the evidence-base guidelines provide suggestions that have more in common than what might seems at the first glance. The analysis of the variations presented in the present article will assist clinicians to make accurate decisions regarding their patients.
Nutritional status of trauma patients hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Zoroufchi Babak Hosseinzadeh , Abdolahpour Abolfazl , Hemmati Hamid Reza
Published: January 2020

Malnutrition results from a decrease or increase or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients, leading to measurable negative effects on body tissue, body shape, organ function and clinical status. Research shows that nutritional support is one of the necessary processes for survival of traumatic patient hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of trauma patients hospitalized at surgical intensive care unit of Kowsar Hospital in Semnan, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on patients older than 18 years with head, neck and femur injuries. Initial data were collected using a checklist containing demographic information questions, designed from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's Nutrition Screening Form, which was available in the Nutrition Assessment Forms and Guidelines for Hospitalized Patients Approved in 2013. The data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, paired t-test and Pearson coefficient. The confidence level was 95% and significance level was less than 0.05 in all tests. The amount of energy determined by the intensive care unit for the patients, with a significantly lower relationship than the amount of energy required by the patients for 24 hours, based on the Harris Benedict formula was (918.20±474.80 calories vs. 1535.76±243.73 calories, respectively and P-value˂0.001). The amount of protein determined by the intensive care unit for the patients for 24 hours, with a significantly relationship lower than the protein required for the patients for 24 hours, was (51.68±34.39 vs. 106.57±13.67, respectively, and P-value˂ 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of the patients and energy (P˂0.001) and protein (P˂0.001) determined by the intensive care unit for the patients for 24 hours and energy (P˂0.001) and protein (P˂0.001) required for the patients for 24 hours. The results of this study showed that both the amount of energy and the amount of protein determined by the intensive care unit for trauma patients for less than 24 hours were lower than the required level; therefore, dietary modification for these patients is recommended.
Focus on the cetirizine use in clinical practice: a reappraisal 30 years later
Authors: Corsico Angelo C. , Leonardi Salvatore , Licari Amelia , Marseglia Gianluigi , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Peroni Diego G. , Salpietro Carmelo , Ciprandi Giorgio
Published: January 2020

Antihistamines are currently one of the most commonly administered categories of drugs. They are used to treat symptoms that are secondary to histamine release, which is typical of certain allergic conditions, including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Cetirizine belongs to the second-generation family, so, it is very selective for peripheral H1 receptors, is potent and quickly relieves symptoms, exerts additional anti-allergic/antiinflammatory effects, and is usually well-tolerated. It has been marketed 30 years ago. In these years, a remarkable body of evidence has been built. The current review provides a practical update on the use of cetirizine in clinical practice.
Should 1974 be considered a watershed year in the economic history of the world?
Authors: Hupkes G. Jan
Published: January 2020

The early 1970s marked a turning point in mankind's economic fortunes and the author takes 1974 as an 'artificial' vantage point from which to look back, but also forward. Several forces led to the shocks of the seventies: the breaking down in the discipline of the international payments system, rising inflation, the oil crisis, the West's loss of strategic military initiative to the East. The author outlines what ought to be done to improve the economic outlook for the 1980s: The international payments system must be placed on a more stable and disciplined footing, inflation must be controlled by balancing of national budgets, the energy crisis must be contained by reduction of oil consumption via the price mechanism. In South Africa the economic watershed year was 1976; two years later than that of the world economy in general. Since then a policy of strict financial discipline has led to a record surplus in balance of payments, which together with new emphasis on the importance of the free market mechanism and increasing energy self-sufficiency, promises a better economic future for South Africa than for many other countries.Die vroee 1970s was 'n keerpunt in die mensdom se ekonomiese lotgevalle en die skrywer neem 1974 as 'n 'kunsmatige' uitsigpunt vanwaar hy terug kyk, maar ook vorentoe. Verskeie magte het gelei tot die skokke van die sewentigs: die aftakeling van die dissipline van die internasionale betalingstelsel, stygende inflasie, die oliiekrisis, en die Weste se afstand van strategiese militere inisiatief aan die Ooste. Die skrywer dui aan wat gedoen moet word om die ekonomiese vooruitsigte vir die 1980s te verbeter: Die internasionale betalingstelsel moet op 'n meer stabiele en gedissiplineerde grondslag geplaas word, inflasie moet deur die balansering van nasionale begrotings beheer word, die energiekrisis moet via die prysmeganisme deur verminderde olieverbrulk beteuel word. In Suid-Afrika was die ekonomiese waterskeidingsjaar 1976; twee jaar later as die van die wereld-ekonomie in die algemeen. Sedertdien het 'n beleid van streng finansiele dissipline gelei tot 'n rekord surplus op die betalingsbalans, wat saam met nuwe klem op die belangrikheid van die vrye markmeganisme en toenemende energie-selfvoorsiening, 'n bater ekonomiese toekoms vir Suid-Afrika as vir baie ander lande beloof.
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Acromion Pseudarthrosis
Authors: Almustafa Salman
Published: January 2020

Fracture of acromion is uncommon because of its unique anatomical structure and location. Usually it heals by itself using conservative therapy intervention, and a subject’s shoulder can get back to its functional performance without surgical approach. However, rare cases may not recover due to pseudarthrosis taking place, surgical avoidance plus using noninvasive tools to manage acromion pseudarthrosis with the application of extracorporeal shockwave therapy at medium to high intensity is the author's motivation to report this condition. Likewise, to our knowledge, there is no published literature using extracorporeal shockwave therapy specific to acromion. A case of 36 old male, active, and alert had been referred to the physical therapy outpatient clinic for high density extracorporeal shockwave therapy to manage the acromion pseudarthrosis after going on range of motion and strengthening rehabilitation program for seven months. After having six sessions of extracorporeal shockwave therapy, the acromion nonunion fracture unified, with complete patient recovery. The pain was stopped. The range of motion became full, with the restoration of the shoulder's functional abilities.
Influence of Season and Housing System on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Physiological Responses of Growing Friesian Calves
Authors: Mahmoud S. Sayah Mahmoud S. Sayah
Published: January 2020

Sixteen Friesian growing calves were used to study growth and physiological responses during winter.
Modelled effects of temperature gradients and waves on the hydroxyl rotational distribution in ground-based airglow measurements
Authors: Franzen Christoph , Espy Patrick Joseph , Hibbins Robert Edward
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Spectroscopy of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow has been a
commonly used way to remotely sense temperatures in the mesopause region for
many decades. This technique relies on the OH rotational state populations
to be thermalized through collisions with the surrounding gas into a
Boltzmann distribution characterized by the local temperature. However,
deviations of the rotational populations from a Boltzmann distribution
characterized by a single temperature have been observed and attributed to
an incomplete thermalization of the OH from its initial, non-thermodynamic-equilibrium distribution. Here we address an additional cause for the
apparent amount of excess population in the higher rotational levels of the
OH airglow brought about by integrating these OH emissions through vertical
gradients in the atmospheric temperature. We find that up to 40 % of the
apparent excess population, currently attributed to incomplete
thermalization, can be due to the vertical temperature gradients created by
waves. Additionally, we find that the populations of the different upper
vibrational levels are affected differently. These effects need to be taken
into account in order to assess the true extent of non-thermodynamic-equilibrium effects on the OH rotational populations.
Methodology for deriving the telescope focus function and its uncertainty for a heterodyne pulsed Doppler lidar
Authors: Pentikäinen Pyry , O'Connor Ewan James , Manninen Antti Juhani , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Doppler lidars provide two measured parameters, radial velocity and signal-to-noise ratio, from which winds and turbulent properties are routinely derived. Attenuated backscatter, which gives quantitative information on aerosols, clouds, and precipitation in the atmosphere, can be used in conjunction with the winds and turbulent properties to create a sophisticated classification of the state of the atmospheric boundary layer. Calculating attenuated backscatter from the signal-to-noise ratio requires accurate knowledge of the telescope focus function, which is usually unavailable. Inaccurate assumptions of the telescope focus function can significantly deform attenuated backscatter profiles, even if the instrument is focused at infinity. Here, we present a methodology for deriving the telescope focus function using a co-located ceilometer for Halo Photonics Streamline and XR pulsed heterodyne Doppler lidars. The method derives two parameters of the telescope focus function, the effective beam diameter and the effective focal length of the telescope. Additionally, the method provides uncertainty estimates for the retrieved attenuated backscatter profile arising from uncertainties in deriving the telescope function, together with standard measurement uncertainties from the signal-to-noise ratio. The method is best suited for locations where the absolute difference in aerosol extinction at the ceilometer and Doppler lidar wavelengths is small.