bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du réalisme magique au récit autobiographique de Fatima Mernissi, 'Rêves de femmes. une enfance au harem'
Authors: Sánchez Diosdado Juan Manuel
Published: May 2021

L’objectif du présent article est de retracer les notions de réalisme magique et leur déploiement au fil du XXème siècle de l’Amérique latine jusqu’à atteindre le nord de l’Afrique. Un type de vision qui se manifeste dans la littérature marocaine d’expression française et, essentiellement, dans l’ouvrage de Fatima Mernissi, Rêves de femmes. Une enfance au harem (1994). Un récit autobiographique capable de refléter les mentalités populaires sous diverses formes de mythes et de manifestations surnaturelles. Une hybridité entre le folklore et le contemporain, entre l’usité et l’inusité. Une cascade de contes où l’imaginaire et le quotidien se côtoient et s’entremêlent, où les superstitions, les croyances et les rituels sont contestés, où les personnages féminins qui peuplent le harem, perturbés par l’incertitude, se questionnent sur le statut des phénomènes mystérieux de leur propre réalité, où l’étrangeté provoque chez les personnages un sentiment de désaccord avec leur milieu, où la réalité ne paraît point univoque, péremptoire ou tangible mais aléatoire et muable.
Paulo Freire em Abya Yala: denúncias e anúncios de uma epistemologia decolonial
Authors: Loureiro Camila Wolpato , Moretti Cheron Zanini
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como ponto de partida a atualidade e a relevância do pensamento epistêmico e pedagógico de Paulo Freire para os Estudos Decoloniais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico que teve por objetivo compreender a dialética entre denúncia e anúncio na epistemologia de Paulo Freire em Abya Yala. Para tanto, tomou-se como objeto de análise as três principais obras escritas e publicadas no período de seu exílio: Educação como prática da liberdade (1967), Cartas a Guiné Bissau (1978) e Pedagogia do oprimido (1987). Algumas dimensões de análise foram apresentadas: opressor/oprimido, desumanização/humanização e cultura do silêncio/diálogo, conscientização/colonização das mentes, esperança/desesperança e libertação/domesticação, demonstrando que Freire é precursor e testemunho crítico da modernidade-colonialidade.
Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Leite Isabella
Published: May 2021

Letter from the 2020-2021 Editor-in-Chief, Isabella Leite
Identification of LncRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Dolaner Simay , Kaur Harpreet , Brodsky Elia , Panov Julia , Mazumder Mohit
Published: May 2021

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is one kind of blood cancer that has a very heterogeneous biological background, which results in diverse stages of the CLL and complex treatment strategies. However, a small part of the tumor may disappear without receiving any treatment. This condition is known as “spontaneous regression” and occurs as a result of a poorly investigated mechanism. Exposing the underlying causes of this condition can lead to a novel treatment approach for CLL and other types of cancer. While most such mechanisms have been assumed to be directly linked to protein coding genes, a recent approach was aimed to carry out more comprehensive studies by focusing on non-protein coding genes as well as protein-coding genes at the RNA level. In this article, we applied in-silico analysis of total RNA expression data from 24 CLL samples to determine possible regulatory mechanisms of spontaneous regression in CLL. These were selected by comparing spontaneous regression with progressive samples of CLL at the transcriptional level. As a result, 33 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed among these conditions based on differential gene expression analysis. Current study suggested lncRNAs, PTPN22-AS1, PCF11-AS1, SYNGAP1-AS1, PRRT3-AS1 and H1FX-AS1 as potential therapeutic targets to trigger spontaneous regression. Eventually, the results presented here reveal new insights into the spontaneous regression and the relation with the non-coding RNAs, particularly lncRNAs.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Сембеков А.К. , Тян О.А. , Будешов Е.Г. , Sembekov A. , Tyan O. , Budeshov Ye.
Published: May 2021

В статье авторами изучены и представлены существующие подходы к трактовки понятия «цифровая экономика», позиции различных ученых в части влияния результатов цифровизации на экономический рост, приведены итоги эмпирических исследований зарубежных ученых и ведущих международных организаций по вопросам оценки влияния цифровой экономики на рост ВВП. В работе обозначены некоторые нерешенные проблемы по измерению цифровой экономики в контексте взаймодействия с «традиционной». В условиях цифровизации, появления совершенно новых цифровых отраслей, изменения экономических отношений «традиционной» экономики становится актуальным теоретическое обоснование процессов, связанных с влиянием цифровой экономики на экономическое развитие, на рост ВВП. Практическое значение исследуемой проблемы крайне актуально для развивающейся национальной экономики Казахстана, ибо цифровая экономика обладает мощным потенциалом для экономического роста, что подтверждает актуальность исследования проблем цифрового роста национальной экономики за счет новых производительных факторов. В статье на основе анализа индексов развития цифровой экономики выявлены закономерности ее влияния на темпы экономического роста Казахстана. Проведение исследования позволило разработать корреляционную модель влияния уровня цифровой экономики на экономический рост Казахстана.

In the article, the authors studied and presented the existing approaches to the interpretation of the “digital economy” concept, positions of various scientists regarding the impact of digitalization on economic growth, results of empirical studies of foreign scientists and leading international organizations on assessing the impact of the digital economy on GDP growth. The paper outlines some unresolved issues in measuring digital economy in the context of interacting with the "traditional" one. In the context of digitalization, the emergence of completely new digital industries, changes in the economic relations of the “traditional” economy, the theoretical justification of the processes associated with the influence of the digital economy on economic development and GDP growth becomes relevant. Practical significance of the studied problem is extremely relevant for the developing national economy of Kazakhstan, because digital economy has a powerful potential for economic growth, which confirms the relevance of the study of the problems of digital growth of the national economy due to new production factors. Based on the analysis of the digital economy development indices, the article reveals the patterns of its influence on economic growth rates of Kazakhstan. The study allowed us to develop a correlation model of the influence of the level of development of digital economy on economic growth of Kazakhstan.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ЦЕНУ НЕФТИ
Authors: Syzdykova A. , Tanrioven C. , Omarova A. , Мunassipova М. , Сыздықова А.О. , Танрыовен Ж. , Mунасипова М.Е. , Омарова А.И.
Published: May 2021

In modern conditions, it is very difficult to estimate the price of oil, therefore, many oil producing countries have to predict the price of oil in the future and develop various scenarios for the development of the state. Moreover, oil has become not only a raw material for the oil refining, petrochemical and chemical industries, but also a tool for investment, which in turn creates the basis for speculation and causes significant price fluctuations.
In this article, the authors examined the dynamics of oil prices from 1950 to the present day and described in detail the factors affecting oil prices. Kazakhstan must forecast oil production, forecast future cash flows, formulate long-term budget plans and an appropriate investment policy. Therefore, for the most effective determination of oil prices, it is necessary to take into account not only supply and demand, but also other factors. The most important of these are economic, political, geographical, social and political factors.

В современных условиях очень трудно определить цену на нефть, поэтому многим нефтедобывающим странам приходится прогнозировать цену на нефть в будущем периоде и разрабатывать различные сценарии развития государства. К тому же нефть стала не только сырьем для нефтеперерабатывающей, нефтехимической и химической промышленности, но и инструментом для инвестиций, которые в свою очередь создают основу для спекуляций и вызывают значительные колебания цен.
В этой статье авторы исследовали динамику цен на нефть с 1950 года до сегодняшнего дня и подробно описали факторы, влияющие на цены на нефть, которые имеют большое значение для Казахстана. Казахстан, который получает большую часть своих доходов от продажи нефти, должен прогнозировать объемы производства нефти, прогнозировать будущие денежные потоки, формировать долгосрочные бюджетные планы и соответствующую инвестиционную политику. Поэтому для наиболее эффективного определения цены на нефть необходимо учитывать не только спрос и предложение,но и другие факторы. Наиболее важные из них это - экономические, политические, географические, социальные и политические факторы.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ И ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУЧНОЙ СФЕРЫ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: AMIROVA G.K. , Амирова Г.К.
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzed the state and trends in science, identifies positive and negative factors affecting the development of Kazakhstani science, identifies priority directions for its development. The article revealed the scientific potential of Kazakhstan in terms of the following indicators: the number of organizations performing R&D; the number personnel involved in the implementation of R&D; the internal R&D expenditures. Significant factors limiting innovation in Kazakhstan are low scientific potential: lack of competent staff; lack of internal R&D expenditures. It revealed that in Kazakhstan with the existing system of financing science, there is no opportunity to increase the Research and Development (R&D) expenses. In addition, the main consumer of R&D is the manufacturing sector, which has been reducing its activity recently. This negatively affected the country's scientific sphere, which led to a reduction in R&D, and also negatively affected the implementation of government innovative development programs and strategies. The results allowed concluding that it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between the science and real sector, commercialization of the scientific activities’ results on the basis of the public-private partnerships.

В статье проводится анализ состояния и основных тенденций в науке, выявление позитивных и негативных факторов, влияющих на казахстанскую науку и инновационную сферу. Предложены рекомендации для дальнейшего развития научной сферы страны. В статье научный потенциал Казахстана рассматривается по следующим показателям: количество научных организаций, численность научных кадров, объем и источники финансирования НИОКР. По результатам исследования определены факторы, ограничивающие инновации в Казахстане: нехватка компетентного персонала и низкий уровень расходов на НИОКР. Выявлено, что в Казахстане при существующей системе финансирования науки и исследований возможность увеличить затраты на выполнение научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ отсутствует. Помимо этого, производственный сектор, который является основным потребителем научных исследований и разработок, сокращает свою деятельность в последнее время. Это оказывает негативное влияние на научную сферу страны, что влечет к сокращению исследований и разработок, а также отрицательно влияет на реализацию государственных программ и стратегий инновационного развития секторов экономики. Полученные результаты позволили сделать вывод, что в сложившейся ситуации необходимо усиление взаимосвязи науки с реальным сектором экономики, коммерциализация результатов научной деятельности на основе государственно-частного партнерства.
文旅深度融合下漳州文化旅游产品开发研究
Authors: 张 菊香
Published: May 2021

在文化产业与旅游产业的逐渐深度融合与渗透的趋势下，旅游产业的发展迎来了新机遇。本文在漳州地方性分析及旅游满意度调查的基础上，对漳州文化旅游产业未来的融合发展样式进行了探讨。具体提出文化遗产类融合发展样式、园区类融合发展样式、商贸服务类融合发展样式、会展节庆类融合发展样式、旅游演艺的融合措施，以期将漳州打造成国内知名文化旅游目的地，促进漳州旅游业发展。
经济增长与国际收支关系的货币面分析
Authors: 李 德兰 , 王 语
Published: May 2021

国际收支货币分析法强调国际收支的货币特征，认为是货币市场失衡是国际收支失衡的主要原因，另一方面认为贬值并不会对国际收支起到改善作用。本文选取2007年~2018年数据，以货币分析法为媒介，分析中、美、德、日四国的经济快速增长通过货币市场对国际收支变化的影响。在国际收支货币分析法基本理论基础上，对我国经济增长、国内信贷如何影响国际收支做了实证检验，得出外汇储备增长率与经济增长率正相关，与国内信贷负相关的结论。结果表明仅中国与日本符合货币分析法的理论，而美国及德国在货币分析法模型的两个基本结论并不完全成立，可以据此得出国际收支顺差并不全是货币市场调控的因素，且不同国家发展程度不同，还应关注国民收支、贸易条件等实质因素。
国潮服装电子商务平台商业模式研究-基于Osterwalder商业模式画布
Authors: 邱 碧珍 , 吴 霜
Published: May 2021

越来越多的国潮服装品牌走入了大众市场，而借助电子商务平台，国潮服装品牌得到了大力的推广。本文基于Osterwalder商业模式画布模型，从客户细分、价值主张、渠道通路、客户关系、核心资源、关键业务、重要合作、收入来源、成本结构九大方面构建了国潮电子商务平台的商业模式。文章提出的国潮电子商务平台的商业模式丰富并完善了国潮电子商务平台模式的理论，能有效地为国潮电子商务平台的实践提供参考框架。
基于供给侧改革的垃圾分类系统的研究
Authors: 杨 清云
Published: May 2021

供给侧改革的理论给垃圾分类带来了新的思路。本文在分析供给侧改革理论和垃圾分类现存问题之后，提出了“从供给源头解决垃圾分类问题”的思路，建立了新型的、基于供给侧改革的垃圾分类系统。在APP和二维码等计算机技术的辅助下，鼓励和激励居民主动进行并做好垃圾分类，并探索出将生活垃圾和二手物品循环创新再造的方法，更好的保护环境。
Acerca de los presupuestos metateóricos de “Las pretensiones normativas del Derecho”. Posibilidad de error y desacuerdo sobre el concepto de derecho
Authors: Fernández Alle Lucila
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo me propongo realizar un análisis del libro “Las pretensiones normativas del Derecho”, de Paula Gaido, en que la misma aborda comparativamente las construcciones teóricas de Raz y de Alexy acerca de la naturaleza del Derecho. Gaido reconstruye, siguiendo a estos dos autores, la naturaleza del concepto de Derecho, su elemento normativo y la vinculación entre Derecho y Moral que aquel implica, como cuestiones de naturaleza conceptual. Mi objetivo en este ensayo es reconstruir críticamente la noción de concepto y de la relación entre concepto –de Derecho– y objeto, que la autora utiliza en su análisis. Estas nociones resultan especialmente relevantes en relación con la distinción entre manejo acabado y posesión mínima de conceptos y, por lo tanto, en la posibilidad de dar cuenta de errores y desacuerdos acerca del concepto de Derecho.
KELIMPAHAN SERANGGA YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI HAMA DAN MUSUH ALAMI PADA AGROEKOSISTEM WORTEL DI CIKAJANG KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Maesyaroh Siti Syarah
Published: May 2021

Serangga pada dasarnya ada yang bersifat sebagai hama (OPT) dan musuh alami. Pada tanaman wortel produktivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh serangan OPT. Dalam penanggulangannya petani masih menggunakan pestisida sintetik dibandingkan menggunakan musuh alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama dan musuh alami pada pertanaman wortel di Cikajang Kabupaten Garut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 12 famili. Serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama ada 5 famili yaitu acrididae, cicadellidae, gryllotalpidae, gryllidae, dan crysomellidae. Serangga yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami ada 7 famili yaitu formicidae, lycosidae, braconidae, entromobidae, carabidae, dan chelisochidae. Nilai Indeks keragaman serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama adalah 1,23 dan indeks keragaman serangga yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami adalah 0,24.

Kata Kunci: kelimpahan serangga, hama, musuh alami, agroekosistem wortel
PENGARUH BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI DOSIS KOMPOS UNPAD DAN PUPUK BUATAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata L.) VARIETAS BONANZA
Authors: Sumekar Yayan
Published: May 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dosis pupuk kompos UNPAD dan pupuk buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Jagung manis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan terdiri dari tujuh perlakuan, yaitu : A = 10 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (0 kg/ha Urea, 0 kg/ha SP-36, 0 kg/ha KCl), B = 8 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (60 kg/ha Urea, 20 kg/ha SP-36, 20 kg/ha KCl), C = 6 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC +pupuk buatan (120 kg/ha Urea, 40 kg/ha SP-36, 40 kg/ha KCl), D = 4 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (180 kg/ha Urea, 60 kg/ha SP-36, 60 kg/ha KCl), E = 2 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (240 kg/ha Urea, 80 kg/ha SP-36, 80 kg/ha KCl), F = 0 kg/ha kompos + 5 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (300 kg/ha Urea, 100 kg/ha SP-36, 100 kg/ha KCl), dan G = 0 kg/ha kompos + 0 cc/L POC + pupuk buatan (300 kg/ha Urea, 100 kgs/ha SP-36, 100 kg/ha KCl). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan komposisi dosis kompos UNPAD dan pupuk buatan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata l.) varietas Bonanza. Komposisi dosis Perlakuan 4 ton kompos/ha + 5 cc/l POC + 180 kg Urea/ha, 60 kg SP-36/ha, 60 kg KCl/ha 3 berpengaruh paling baik terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun per tanaman, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot tongkol berkelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, dan hasil tongkol per plot.

Kata kunci : kompos UNPAD, pupuk buatan, jagung manis
PENGARUH CAMPURAN KONSENTRAT PROTEIN JAGUNG DAN TEPUNG TEMPE TERHADAP ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL MI TAPIOKA
Authors: Triandita Nanda
Published: May 2021

Belum diketahui, apakah tepung tapioka yang ditambahkan campuran konsentrat protein jagung (KPJ) dan tepung tempe kedelai (TTK), dapat menghasilkan mi yang menyerupai dari terigu. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian adalah perbandingan KPJ : TTK A (5 : 25); B(10 : 20); C(15 : 15); D(20 :10); E(25 : 5) terhadap 70% tepung tapioka. Data dianalisis dengan uji F dan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mi tapioka dengan penambahan KPJ dan TTK berpengaruh myata terhadap karakteristik mutu mi. Mi tapioka yang dihasilkan dari campuran KPJ dan TTK (10:20) adalah yang terbaik.
Colombia ante su armonización contable internacional a partir del año 2018: un estudio retrospectivo y prospectivo del modelo NIIF (IFRS)
Authors:   CUA - Medellín, Sepúlveda Jovanny
Published: May 2021

Este libro es producto de los resultados investigativos obtenidos a lo largo de los últimos cinco años y en especial con el apoyo de la Corporación Universitaria Americana durante los últimos dos años. El trabajo presentado aquí se combina con la experiencia de investigaciones documentales y participaciones de los autores como ponentes en varios congresos internacionales en Latinoamérica, específicamente en: Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, México, Perú y Venezuela. Esto ha permitido intercambiar interesantes puntos de vista con colegas expertos con el tema de la relación del Modelo Financiero y el Modelo NIIF (Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera), que se relacionan a su vez con el tema de la Armonización Contable Internacional (ACI). Nuestra perspectiva de este trabajo sobre el Modelo NIIF presenta un nuevo enfoque que pretende interesar no sólo a contadores. Para ello el desarrollo del Modelo NIIF propuesto aquí pretende “romper” con la figura del “Book Keeping” o “tenedor de libros”, tradición clásica del contador público del pasado, donde su énfasis esta únicamente enfocada en el registro y seguimiento normativo de reglas y no principios contables para efectos fiscales y no de toma de decisiones. Proponemos en esta obra la reflexión desde un enfoque de las finanzas sobre el nuevo Modelo Contable NIIF, en cuanto a que toda transacción u operación comercial, económica o financiera de una entidad debe: 1. Reconocerse, 2. Medirse, 3. Presentarse y 4. Revelarse. Y esto con base al nuevo modelo de negocio y rediseño de los estados financieros básicos y secundarios de las entidades propuesto por el IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) para cumplir con los actuales objetivos financieros de la empresa moderna, que según el modelo marginalista (modelos de maximizaciones, minimizaciones y optimizaciones) en el que descansa preponderadamente hoy nuestra formación y percepción sobre el éxito empresarial en términos financieros, está basado en la teoría del valor y en sus métodos cuantitativos para evaluar las inversiones reales y financieras. Para ello el instrumento cuantitativo fundamentado en las matemáticas financieras, maneja básicamente cuatro variables: los valores iniciales o presentes, los valores finales o futuros, el factor tiempo y las diferentes tasas de interés que aplica una entidad como costo de oportunidad.
Urteil mit Leitcharakter zu Abmahnung gemäss deutschem Urheberrecht
Authors: Steiger Martin
Published: May 2021

Das Urteil mit Leitcharakter bestätigt die neuere deutsche Rechtsprechung, wonach Bilder, die kostenlos für kommerzielle und nicht-kommerzielle Nutzungen freigegeben wurden, keinen wirtschaftlichen Wert haben, sofern Rechteinhaber keine konkreten Anhaltspunkte für ein übliches Honorar vorlegen. Hintergrund bildete eine Abmahnung gemäss dem deutschen § 97a UrhG für die Nutzung von zehn Lichtbildern. Die Lichtbilder stammten von der Bilder-Plattform Flickr, wo sie unter einer Creative Commons-Lizenz von einem bekannten deutschen Abmahner kostenlos veröffentlicht worden waren. Die negative Feststellungsklage gegen die Abmahnung war erfolgreich. Demnach waren weder Schadenersatz noch eine vorprozessuale Parteientschädigung geschuldet, dies auch weil die Abmahnung gemäss deutschem Recht unwirksam war.
La notion de «média à caractère périodique»
Authors: Constantin Arnaud
Published: May 2021

Les art. 28g ss CC et l’art. 266 CPC se réfèrent aux «médias à caractère périodique» sans définir la notion. Bien que les définitions devraient se recouper, un nombre croissant d’auteurs et même un arrêt rendu dans le contexte de l’Internet prennent en compte le critère de la qualité des informations diffusées pour définir le média périodique au sens de l’art. 266 CPC. Tel ne devrait pas être le cas, puisque la qualité de la publication n’a pas d’incidence sur l’ouverture d’un droit de réponse. Il en découle qu’autant les sites web, que les blogs ou encore les pages personnelles sur les réseaux sociaux peuvent revêtir la qualité de média périodique s’ils sont ouverts au public et mis à jour ou renouvelés périodiquement.
The Continuation of Ijtihād
Authors: Hussain Mubasher
Published: May 2021

This article deals with legal thought of Shāh Walī Allāh, an outstanding religious thinker of eighteenth-century Muslim India, who emerged as one of the most prominent proponents of independent legal reasoning (ijtihād). According to Walī Allāh, ijtihād has always been a communal duty and thus it stipulates the existence of jurists capable of independent legal reasoning (mujtahids) in all ages. His thought-provoking response to the issues concerning ijtihād and taqlīd has led to a great deal of attention from scholars in both the East and the West. However, there remains the controversy of whether he advocated for an independent ijtihād after the eponyms of the law schools or not. This study attempts, analyzing Walī Allāh’s views on the juristic typology maintained by Sunnī jurists, to show how Walī Allāh argued for the continuity of ijtihād, both partial and independent, throughout the history of Islamic law. The author concludes that Walī Allāh believed not only in the possibility of absolute ijtihād (al-ijtihād al-muṭlaq) or ijtihād through legal theory (fī ’l-uṣūl) and positive law (wa ’l-furū‘), after the eponyms of the juristic schools, but also in the existence of such absolute jurists throughout Islamic centuries.
The Relevance of Islamic Law to Non-Muslims in Muslim Juridical Sources
Authors: Osman Amr
Published: May 2021

A standard question in early and medieval works of uṣūl al-fiqh (the theory and principles of Islamic jurisprudence) was whether non-Muslims were addressed by the specific rules of Islamic law and meant to abide by them. Despite some evidence that it was rooted in legal issues that early Muslim societies faced, a later trend in uṣūl al-fiqh turned it into a rather pedantic subject irrelevant to real life in these societies, as some notable Muslim jurists believed it to be. By examining how the question was discussed prior to the rise of the Ottoman and modern legal systems, this article argues that it likely originated in early discussions of real cases from everyday life in Muslim societies, an origin that was later obscured by abstract legal and theological discussions that nearly severed it from that early context and turned it into an offshoot of broader, mostly theoretical issues. This study examines that likely origin of the question, which contributes to our understanding of not only the question itself, but also the extent to which issues of uṣūl al-fiqh were related to actual considerations, even when they seemed only part of theoretical debates.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencacah Rumput Untuk Peningkatan Efektivitas Konsumsi Pakan Ternak Di Sukoharjo
Authors: Margono  , Atmoko Nugroho Tri , Priyambodo Bambang Hari , Suhartoyo  , Awan Sang Alang
Published: May 2021

Kebutuhan akan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak di desa Curidan, Sukoharjo terus meningkat, hal tersebut berbanding lurus dengan populasi sapi yang juga meningkat. Rumput harus disediakan peternak sebagai pakan utama ternak setiap harinya, akan tetapi tingkat efektivitas konsumsi pakan ternak masih kurang. Kebanyakan peternak masih menggunakan proses pencacah rumput secara konvensional. Sehingga apabila rumput dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak maka dibutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang lebih banyak. Tujuan dilaksanakannya pengabdian masyarakat dengan menciptakan mesin tepat guna untuk membantu peran manusia dalam proses pencacah rumput dengan menggunakan mesin Pencacah. Mesin ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi produksi pakan ternak. Hasil program menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kapasitas produksi mengalami peningkatan sebesar 250% dari 200 kg/jam menjadi 500 kg/jam. Penggunaan mesin baru tetap bisa menjaga kualitas pada rumput  sebagai sumber protein. Singkatnya, program pengabdian masyarakat telah memberikan perubahan positif dalam hal peningkatan efektivitas proses pencacahan pakan ternak bagi peternak sapi di desa Curidan, Parangjoro, Grogol, Sukoharjo
Phytochemical Screening and Invitro Anthelmintic Activity of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Tehseen Fouzia , Ghori Syed Safiullah , Dawood Mohammed , Tazeen Shafia , Sara Kulsum , Samad Abdul
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine which includes the usage of natural and mechano procedures to eliminate the root cause of the disease. Ayurvedic system of medicine is economical, easily available and free of side effects which make it beneficial to human beings. Among various diseases, a large population is infected with helminthiasis which can be treated by using medicinal plants. In the present study we developed a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing a mixture of powdered Artemesia absinthium (shoot), Butea Monosperma (leaves), Ipomea headeraceae (seeds), Hyocyamus niger (seeds). Phytochemical screening of the extract indicated the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins, sterols and alkaloids the polyherbal formulation was studied for its anthelmintic activity using Indian earthworm (Pheritima posthuma) as the test model. Albendazole was taken as the standard reference drug. The petroleum ether and aqueous extracts with the petroleum ether and methanolic extract. of the PHF of different concentrations (25µg/ml, 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml) were prepared and used to determine the paralysis time and death time of the worms. The petroleum ether and methanolic extract of the PHF has shown significant activity due to presence of various phytoconstituents like tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. In the course of our investigation, we found that the 100µg/ml methanolic extract has better anthelmintic activity when compared to the other concentrations checked.
Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit of Alangium salviifolium L. (Cornaceae)
Authors: D Lavanya , Rao Pooja , S Soundarya , T.S Surabhi , T.R Prashith Kekuda
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Alangium salviifolium L. is one of the medicinally important plant belonging to the family Cornaceae. The present study evaluates antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit extracts of A. salviifolium. Methods: Extraction of shade dried and powdered leaf and fruit was carried out by maceration technique. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and poisoned food technique, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by antiradical (DPPH and ABTS assays) and ferric reducing assays. Results: Both leaf and fruit extracts displayed inhibitory activity against test bacteria. Fruit extract was shown to be more effective against test bacteria when compared to leaf extract. Leaf extract was more effective in causing inhibition of mycelial growth of test fungi when compared to fruit extract. Both leaf and fruit extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently and exhibited ferric reducing activity. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated the potential of leaf as well as fruit of A. salviifolium to exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activities which justifies the traditional medicinal uses of the plant.
The Effects of Lampung Robusta Green Coffee Extract (Coffee Canephora Var Robusta) on Layer Chicken’s Humoral Immune System and Intestinal Histophalogy
Authors: Rosyidi Djalal , E.R Lilik , Q Dahliatul , A.A Indah , P Dodik
Published: May 2021

Lampung Robusta green coffee is an authentic Indonesian coffee that is in great demand by the public. The active ingredients in coffee such as chlorogenic acid and polyphenols are useful antihypertensive, antibacterial, immunomodulator, and antioxidant. Research on the effects of coffee in chicken’s health such as the immune system or as antioxidants has not yet existed. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine the effects of giving Robusta coffee extract on chickens to the antibody titers and intestinal damage. The study was experimental with post-test control only design, using Isa Brown layer chickens, consisting of 60. The treatment group included: negative control (healthy, without coffee), P1: 500mg coffee/kg bw (body weight), P2: 1000mg coffee/kg bw, and P3: 1500mg coffee/kg bw. The coffee was given using gastric tube when the chickens were 3-16 days old, and the serum was taken on day 18. Data on antibody titer and MDA levels were analyzed using One Way ANOVA with a standard error of 0.05 while histopathology of jejunum was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the extracts of Lampung robusta coffee could not increase antibodies against AI virus (Avian Influenza) or the ND virus (Newcastle disease), decrease levels of MDA (Malondyaldehyde), or improve jejunum histopathology in P3 as the analysis found no erosion of epithelial cells or cell infiltration inflammation. These findings suggest that Lampung robusta coffee extract can be used as an imunosupressor against humoral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in laying hens.
An Overview on Niosomes: As an Auspesious Drug Delivery System on the Bases of Application
Authors: Diksha Diksha , Kumar Prevesh , Verma Navneet
Published: May 2021

In recent years the treatment of infectious diseases and immunisation has undergone a revolutionary shift. Not only a large number of disease-specific biological have been developed, but also contortion has been made to deliver these biological effectively. Conventional dosage forms are unable to deliver the drug in accordance with a predetermined rate and release therapeutically effective amount of drug at the site of action. The vesicular systems of niosomes, having bilayer structure assembled by nonionic surfactants are able to enhance the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a particular time period. In recent years various comprehensive researchs carried over niosome as a drug carrier and proved to be a promising drug carrier, which has potential to reduce the side effects of drugs and increased therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases. This narrative review describes fundamental aspects of niosomes, formulation methods, methods of characterization, recent advances in niosomal drug delivery.
Hypouricemic Significance of Ledum Palustre (Marsh Tea): A Review
Authors: Singh Bhuwanendra , Gupta Jitendra , Mohan Rohit , Gupta Reena , Pal Kanchan
Published: May 2021

The current review article is based on the facts to reveal the biological potentials of the genus ledum, and specie palustre. Although in the article all the species are well described with their distribution in all over the world and their pharmacological activities are also discussed. Rhododendron tomantosum is also known as Marsh Tea or northern Labrador tea, which is an evergreen shrub having the height of about 40 cm and the plant has about ten species in all over the world. Article has very informative aspect regarding Hypouricemic Significance of Ledum palustre (L. palustre), its chemical compounds extracted and analyzed by different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques to report the active principles from the oil of the Rhododendron tomantosum fresh leaves. The main active compounds were found are given as (41.0–43.4%) ledol (23.3–26.7%) and ascaridole (15.1–4.5%). L. palustre has a very significant role in the gout and arthritis occurs due the presence of high amount of uric acid in the blood plasma. Various dosage forms are mentioned in the review article to explore the potentials of the drug. Hence according to literature if L. palustre is significantly capable to reduce the high level of the uric acid if give in the potency if 30 c (diluted 30 times)) and 1 M ((1000 dilutions) to the patients, and may be a good alternative to the allopurinol. So, this drug is frequently used in the homeopathic system of medicine to get the hypouricemic significance in the human beings.
Pengaruh Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan Antang Raya Kota Makassar
Authors: Pirade Henry. S. M. , Kato Indra .S , Rahman Rais
Published: May 2021

Ruas perkotaan Jalan Antang Raya ini cukup padat pada waktu tertentu dengan parkir kendaraan dan angkutan umum yang menurunkan penumpang di sepanjang jalan, ditambah jumlah pejalan kaki yang berjalan atau menyeberang sepanjang segmen jalan, dan jumlah kendaraan bermotor yang masuk keluar ke/dari lahan samping jalan serta arus kendaraan yang bergerak lambat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hambatan samping adalah penyebab kemacetan pada ruas Jalan Antang Raya, atau arus yang datang ke ruas Jalan Antang Raya yang besar. Hambatan samping yang terjadi pada ruas jalan Antang Raya segmen Misi Depo Bangunan- Stikes  Mega Rizky tergolong dalam kelas sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata total puncak hambatan samping sebesar 1289,87 kejadian terbobot. Penyumbang hambatan samping terbesar adalah kendaraan yang keluar masuk bahu jalan dengan presentasi 55,4%, sedangkan pejalan kaki, kendaraan parkir atau berhenti, dan kendaraan lambat dengan total presentasi 44,6%.

Kata Kunci : ruas perkotaan; hambatan samping; kendaraan bermotor; pejalan kaki.
Pemanfaatan Agregat Sungai Wanggar Kabupaten Nabire Sebagai Bahan Campuran AC-WC dan AC-BC
Authors: L Fani , Irianto  , Alpius
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji karakteristik campuran Laston AC-WC dan AC-BC dengan batu dan pasir dari Sungai Wanggar. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan serangkaian pengujian karakteristik berupa agregat kasar, halus dan filler lalu merancang komposisi campuran kemudian pembuatan benda uji berupa campuran Laston AC-WC dan AC-BC serta pengujian Marshall untuk mendapatkan karakteristik campuran dan pengujian Marshall Immertion untuk mendapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) / Durabilitas campuran yang berkadar filler optimum.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bahan perkerasan dengan mengunakan batu apung sebagai filler memenuhi spesifikasi sebagai bahan lapisan perkerasan jalan. Melalui uji Marshall diperoleh karakteristik campuran Laston AC-WC dengan kadar aspal 6,50% dan Laston AC-BC dengan kadar aspal 5,14%. Hasil pengujian Marshall Immertion campuran Laston AC-WC dan Laston AC-BC mendapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) sebesar 95,11% dan 94,41% yang berarti melampaui syarat batas yaitu ≥90% sehingga campuran tahan terhadap perendaman dalam air.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik, Campuran Laston AC-WC dan AC-BC, Agregat Wanggar Kabupaten Nabire.
Pengujian Slag Nikel Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Pada Campuran HRS-Base
Authors: Arruantasik Demmalino Utami , Sielviana Widya Lambe Cyntia , Rahman Rais , Alpius
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dimasukkan untuk menguji karakteristik campuran Lataston HRS-Base dengan memanfaatkan slag nikel berdasarkan pengujian laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bahan perkerasan berupa slag nikel dari Soroako Kab. Luwu Timur memenuhi spasifikasi sebagai bahan lapisan permukaan jalan. Melalui uji Marshall diperoleh karakteristik campuran Lataston HRS-Base bergradasi senjang dan semi senjang dengan kadar aspal 5,0%, 5,93%, 6,35%, 6,78, dan 7,2% memenuhi persyaratan. Hasil pengujian Marshall Immertion campuran Lataston HRS-Base bergradasi senjang dan semi senjang pada kadar aspal optimum 6,35% mendapatkan Indeks Perendaman (IP) / Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) / Durabilitas campuran sebesar 97,03% dan 98,00% Dimana dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan slag nikel sebagai pengganti agregat kasar dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan karena memenuhi Standar Spesifikasi Bina Marga.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik Marshall, Lataston HRS-Base, Slag Nikel
Antibacterial Activity of Pakistani Honey
Authors: Shah Taif , Ali Niyaz , Shah Zahir , Hayat Azam
Published: May 2021

The current study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of 50 crude and processed honey samples produced by Apis mellifera and stingless bee. All the honey samples were collected from different places of Districts Dir, Swat and Oghi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan and were tested against the six ATCC bacterial species including E. coli ATCC number 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC number 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC number 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC number 19433, Salmonella typhi ATCC number 19943 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC number 27736. The honey samples showed variable zones of inhibition by using Agar well plate technique. E. coli showed 17-23 mm, S. typhi 31-37 mm, E. faecalis 28 mm, P. aeruginosa 14-15 mm, K. pneumoniae 20-24 mm and Staph. aureus 19-25 mm. Most of the honey samples used in this study showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity.
Review A Review of Recent Progress in Efficiency-Power Correlations of Silicon Hetero-Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Azam Amna , Tehseen Aqsa , Bashir Almas
Published: May 2021

Solar technology is widely used to generate the electricity. It is fundamental p-n junction that supplies the emf whenever sunlight falls on it. A lot of efforts have been incremented by inserting the impurity level in the semiconductor band gap to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells. Copper zinc tin sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4) devices are the highly stable and efficient part for the most fundamental of many solar cells. Cadmium (Cd) doping is carried out to enhance the efficiency of CZTS. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) consists of band gap that is 2.4 eV. Ternary organic solar cells attract the researchers interest level due to the best absorbing capacity that is much easier to handle but the exclusive difficulty in dealing with its morphology. Thin film solar cells have greater coefficient of absorption because of its high functioning and have band gap value in the range between 1.5 and 1.0 eV. Solar cells consists of chalcopyrite on a polyimide film that demonstrates the largest cell efficiency approximately 18.7%.
Review The Importance of Seawater Intake and its Treatment Techniques for RO Desalination Plant
Authors: Hussain Ahmad , Mahrukh Mahrukh , Ahmed Iqbal
Published: May 2021

Seawater intake and its treatments are one of the main upstream processes of every seawater desalination plant (RO, ED, MSF, MED). However, the process has turned out to be of utmost importance for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant. It is to be sure that sufficient and steady flow and quality of water is available to the RO desalination plant. Prior to RO feed water, the seawater intake pre-treatment process has to be tailored and the quality of seawater intake to be treated either subsurface intake or open surface intakes, particularly when treating open surface intakes seawater (OSIS) with exceedingly unpredictable quality. According to the well-established membrane manufacturer and supplier, the RO membrane warranty and guarantee are depended on seawater intake quality and its pre-treatment. Thus, the current state-of-the-art RO membranes life and performance success for desalination processing depend upon OSIS pre-treatment processing techniques. This article is emphasizing an overview on recent OSIS and its pre-treatment techniques for RO desalination plant.
Review the Evidence for Structured Education in Diabetes Management
Authors: Chowdhury Sumon Rahman
Published: May 2021

Structured Education is of detrimental importance for the management, counseling, and prevention of complications in diabetic patients. Different structured education programs exist that significantly improves the quality of life in diabetic patients as well as improves psychosocial outcomes by enhancing self-empowerment and self-motivation. Improvements have also been noted in bio-medical outcomes as a result of structured education most significantly in HbA1C, total cholesterol and frequency of hypoglycemia. In order to ensure patient satisfaction and improve outcomes related to complications, it is very important to identify and support patients whose psychosocial situations and reactions to the diagnosis may affect their ability to adjust or take adequate responsibility for self-care early in the course of the disease. In this review, we will discuss and highlight the evidence that support the benefits, limitations, and cost effectiveness of structured education in diabetes management.
Increasing the use of blocks 192% using an Internet based diagnostic test
Authors: Hendler Nelson
Published: May 2021

Research by Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians found that 40%-95% of chronic pain patients were not properly diagnosed. By using an on-line diagnostic test which gives diagnoses with a 96% correlation with diagnoses of Johns Hopkins Hospital doctors, several physician groups reported an increase use of interventional testing up to 192% of the time.
ANALISIS GAYA GESEK DUA BENDA HOMOGEN SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI (STUDI KASUS: GESEKAN RODA KERETA LISTRIK DENGAN REL)
Authors: Berlian Rms Anggananda , Wahyuningsih Erfiana
Published: May 2021

Jumlah penumpang kereta api Jabodetabek (commuter line) pernah mencapai 1 juta orang per hari. Commuter line melayani 6 rute dengan 80 stasiun, padatnya jadwal kereta perlu diimbangi dengan performa kereta api salah satunya saat pengereman. Pengereman melibatkan benda berbahan logam; blok rem, roda dan lintasan (rel). Gesekan antara roda kereta dan rel saat pengereman menimbulkan energi panas. Energi yang timbul dari pengereman kereta berpeluang untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Penulis menganalisa timbulnya energi panas sebagai energi yang terbuang saat pengereman. Proses analisa menggunakan model pengereman kereta api. Penggerak kereta api dimodelkan dengan motor Direct Current (DC), pejal baja sebagai blok rem, roda dan lintasan (rel). Sensor kecepatan terkopel dengan motor DC, hasil deteksi sensor sebagai nilai kecepatan kereta (km/jam). Pulsa luaran sensor kecepatan diinput ke kontroler Arduino Mega, bersamaan dengan massa pejal didapatkan nilai gaya gesek (Fk) pengereman. Perubahan suhu permukaan pejal mempengaruhi besar energi yang timbul saat gesekan. Suhu pejal awal (T0) dipengaruhi suhu ruangan dan suhu pejal setelah gesekan (T1), perubahan suhu dikonversi ke bentuk energi. Analisis hubungan Fk dengan energi, pengujian data pada tiga jenis pejal berbeda massa. Data kecepatan dan suhu tiap pejal dibandingkan satu sama lain. Jika gaya gesek bernilai 1,864 Newton maka nilai Energi yang dihasilkan yaitu 37,31 Joule.
ANALISIS PERFORMA EXTRACTION CONDENSING TURBINE UNIT 1 DI PLTU BABELAN
Authors: Saputro Andrian , Soleha Intan
Published: May 2021

Pada tahun 2014, Cikarang Listrindo Energy membangun PLTU di Babelan untuk berpartisipasi dengan program pemerintah tersebut. Pada tahun 2017 kondisi PLTU Babelan masih dalam tahap commissioning. Pada bulan April 2017 Unit 1 sudah mulai beroperasi. Setelah plant dapat memproduksi listrik selama 3 tahun, maka mulailah dilakukan uji performa untuk setiap komponen utama turbin listrik, salah satunya adalah uji performa turbin uap. Uji performa ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dari uji performa secara actual dimana akan dibandingkan dengan data desain awal yang nantinya akan dijadikan standar acuan garansi dari pihak vendor turbin uap tersebut. Uji performa ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan standar dari ASME PTC 6. Uji performa turbin uap dapat dilihat dari beberapa parameter yaitu meliputi Capability test, Heat rate dan efisiensi turbin. Hasil uji performa turbin uap berdasarkan desain yaitu daya output sebesar 138.010 MW, heat rate sebesar 8865 kJ/kWh, dan efisiensi turbin sebesar 87.38 %, sedangkan daya output pada saat commissioning sebesar 139.295 MW, heat rate sebesar 8919 kJ/kWh, efisiensi turbin sebesar 87.07 %, dan daya output pada saat pengambilan data aktual sebesar 137.595 MW, heat rate sebesar 8830.64 kJ/kWh dan efisiensi turbin sebesar 88.65 %. Toleransi yang diberikan berdasarkan ASME PTC 6 untuk daya output dan heat rate sebesar 2%. Tekanan exhaust turbin sangat berpengaruh pada peningkatan efisiensi turbin, dimana semakin rendah tekanan exhaust turbin maka efisiensi turbin semakin meningkat.
ADAPTIVE POWER CONTROL ON DVB-T SYSTEM BASED ON NO-REFERENCE PERCEPTUAL PICTURE QUALITY METRIC
Authors: Rahmanto Randy , Ayuningtyas Belinda
Published: May 2021

Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T) adalah salah satu standar broadcast televisi digital di eropa. Ketika mentransmisikan data melalui sistem DVB-T, noise merupakan masalah yang tidak dapat dihindarkan. Masalah tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas video yang diterima oleh end user. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, penulis mendesain sebuah adaptive power control on DVB-T system based-on no-reference perceptual picture quality metric yang dapat menentukan berapa banyak transmit power yang dibutuhkan oleh receiver untuk mendapatkan hasil kualitas video yang baik. No-reference image metric akan digunakan untuk membuat visual quality feedback di sisi receiver. Hasil dari image metric ini berupa nilai dalam bentuk angka yang akan dikirimkan ke transmitter sebagai feedback. Di sisi transmitter, ada explicit link adaptation yang mengatur power menggunakan perceptual quality (PQ-based) berdasarkan visual quality feedback. Hasil dari adaptive power control menunjukkan bahwa, ketika visual quality feedback menunjukkan angka dibawah 96 poin ( unacceptable quality ), power akan dinaikkan sebesar 0.05 dB untuk meningkatkan kualitas video yang diterima. Sebaliknya, jika visual quality feedback menunjukkan lebih dari sama dengan 96 ( acceptable quality ), power akan diturunkan untuk menghemat biaya power cost. Adaptive power control memberikan hasil yang sangat baik karena secara signifikan dapat mengurangi nilai visual quality yang buruk pada simulasi dengan menggunakan power  sebesar 18 dB.