bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of action research in the field of healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Casey Mary , Coghlan David , Carroll Áine , Stokes Diarmuid , Roberts Kinley , Hynes Geralyn
Published: June 2021

Background: Traditional research approaches are increasingly challenged in healthcare contexts as they produce abstract thinking rather than practical application. In this regard, action research is a growing area of popularity and interest, essentially because of its dual focus on theory and action. However, there is a need for action researchers not only to justify their research approach but also to demonstrate the quality of their empirical studies. Therefore, the authors set out to examine the current status of the quality of extant action research studies in healthcare to encourage improved scholarship in this area. The aim of this scoping review is to identify, explore and map the literature regarding the application of action research in either individual, group or organisational domains in any healthcare context.

Methods: The systematic scoping review will search the literature within the databases of CINAHL, PubMed and ABI/Inform within the recent five-year period to investigate the scientific evidence of the quality of action research studies in healthcare contexts. The review will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley’s five mandatory steps, which have been updated and published online by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review will follow the PRISMA-ScR framework guidelines to ensure the standard of the methodological and reporting approaches are exemplary.

Conclusion: This paper outlines the protocol for an exploratory scoping review to systematically and comprehensively map out the evidence as to whether action research studies demonstrate explicitly how the essential factors of a comprehensive framework of action research are upheld. The review will summarise the evidence on the quality of current action research studies in healthcare. It is anticipated that the findings will inform future action researchers in designing studies to ensure the quality of the studies is upheld.
La utopía literaria en lengua inglesa 1870-1916. Una perspectiva de género
Authors: Bretones Carmen
Published: June 2021

Los grandes cambios sociales, políticos y económicos que se vivieron en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y primeras del XX fomentaron en las principales potencias occidentales el desarrollo de diversos movimientos como el feminismo. Las intelectuales de la época comenzaron a demandar mayores derechos para las mujeres como la educación o el voto. Al mismo tiempo y, por primera vez en la historia, muchas escritoras en lengua inglesa comenzaron a publicar utopías, un género que tradicionalmente había sido cultivado por hombres. Frente al paternalismo y convencionalismo de las utopías escritas por hombres, las autoras más progresistas de la época presentaron nuevos mundos, más justos y felices, encabezados por una mujer renovada, independiente y libre.
Internet como herramienta en torno a la traducción al español de los productos turísticos ABSTRACT: alemanes
Authors: Martínez Fraile Cristina
Published: June 2021

The tourism sector requires a language full of neologisms, foreign words, loans and other words of new acquisition. The dictionaries, including electronic ones, are unable to pick up a large number of concepts, which tends to disappear quickly because of the new trends of tourist travel. The main aim of our investigation is to resolve this problem, particularly when terms about "kinds of travel” have to be translated from German into Spanish. A chart with equivalences about Spanish and German tourism products is going to be showed to provide a systematic overview of the concepts translated. The terminology used by travel agencies and tour operators which appear in the network have been the main references for this investigation.
La dimensión religiosa de la existencia en la literatura romántica: el concepto de religión en “Geschichte eines Braminen” de Karoline von Günderrode en diálogo con Friedrich Schleiermacher
Authors: Bascoy Lamelas Montserrat
Published: June 2021

The literary work of Karoline von Günderrode deals, without a doubt, with the same ideological and aesthetic concerns that characterize the texts of the first Romantic writers. One of the key issues which have occupied these writers is redefining the concept of religion. In their works, they defend the need to recover the spiritual side of the human being, oppressed and denied by a materialistic and rational world and a morality that suppressed the true nature of man. The theories of Friedrich D. E. Schleiermacher on true religion had a fundamental importance in the romantic thought. Like his contemporaries, Karoline von Günderrode also reflects in his writings on religious issues. In his story “Geschichte eines Braminen” can be seen, as shown in this paper, the influence of Schleiermacher’s ideas on the concept of religion presented by the writer.
Aspekte zur Beschreibung einer literarischen Region im Mittelalter1
Authors: Martín Langner Paul
Published: June 2021

The concept of regionalism reemerged in literary studies discussions a few years ago. The following essay discusses this concept in the context of late medieval literature. In the essay the author is applying three new approaches to the notion of regionalism, which are based on the studies of both language and literature. On the basis of the discussed results, the dychotomy of two structures is introduced: ‚Abgeschlossenheit‘ of a region and its ‚Durchlässigkeit‘.
El olvido del presente de Dios: Ortodoxia, ideología y populismo religioso desde la filosofía de la religión de Raimon Panikkar.
Authors: González Antonio de Diego
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explora el concepto de ortodoxia que ha suscitado uno de los temas de debate más intensos en Filosofía de la Religión y en la Teología de las principales religiones. Así, partiendo de los planteamientos de Raimon Panikkar se pretende caracterizar de forma sintética la ortodoxia dentro de la experiencia religiosa, su relación con la teofanía, el mito y el rito incluyendo el problema filosófico. Finalmente, reflexionaremos sobre como esta convirtió en populismo religioso y olvidó que el creyente necesita libertad y multivocidad para experimentar lo divino y su propia creencia
Funding Liquidity and Market Liquidity: The Broker-Dealer Perspective
Authors: Macchiavelli Marco , Zhou Xing (Alex)
Published: June 2021

We provide direct evidence of how dealers’ funding liquidity affects their liquidity provision in securities markets. Worse funding liquidity (higher repo haircuts and rates) leads to larger bid-ask spreads and transaction costs in corporate bonds. We also find that dealers’ relationships with money funds are important determinants of their repo haircuts and rates. Using dealers’ exposure to the 2016 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) money fund reform as an instrument, we show that funding liquidity indeed has a causal effect on market liquidity. Finally, dealers with lower funding liquidity tend to have smaller market shares and execute more trades on an agency basis.

This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance.
A EROTIZAÇÃO DO ÓDIO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE STOLLER PARA A CLÍNICA DAS PERVERSÕES
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo César , Ceccarelli Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O presente ensaio aborda alguns aspectos da temática das perversões e seu arcabouço teórico-clínico. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão bibliográfica dos textos freudianos sobre as perversões e sua íntima imbricação com o sexual em sua obra. Em seguida, serão analisadas as contribuições teóricas de Robert Stoller sobre a clínica das perversões e sua conceitualização como forma erótica do ódio. Procura-se apontar como as inovações teóricas de Stoller possibilitaram uma nova forma de compreensão na clínica das perversões. Conclui- se que as observações clínicas feitas por Freud e, posteriormente, Stoller ecoam na contemporaneidade, demonstrando a inovação e ousadia conceitual de ambos os autores.Palavras-chave: Perversão. Erotização do ódio. Sexualidade. Conceito.Abstract: This essay addresses some aspects of the theme of perversions and their theoretical-clinical framework. Initially, it starts with a bibliographic review of Freudian texts on perversions and their intimate overlap with the sexual in his work. Then, Robert Stoller ́s theoretical contributions on the clinic of perversions and their conceptualization as an erotic from of hatred will be analyzed. It seeks to point out how Stoller ́s theoretical innovations enable a new form of understanding in the clinic of perversions. It is concluded that the clinical observations made by Freud and, later, Stoller echo in contemporary times, demonstrating the innovation and conceptual boldness of both authors. Keywords: Perversion. Hatred eroticization. Sexuality. Concept.
A TEMPORALIDADE NA ERA DA URGÊNCIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O TEMPO DO SUJEITO
Authors: Mattos Alice Vargas Vieira , Mendonça Ligia Gama e Silva Furtado
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo se propõe a analisar a experiência da temporalidade nos dias atuais, a partir do impacto da urgência contemporânea que ocorre, principalmente, por meio dos imperativos de desempenho. Com isso, busca- se pontuar a maneira pela qual tal problemática reverbera no sujeito, hoje, e explora-se a importância de não atrelar o tempo do sujeito ao sistema de produção vigente. Inicialmente, serão discutidos os imperativos de produtividade e o consumismo para, assim, elaborar a concepção do tempo para a psicanálise, desenvolvendo o modo pelo qual ela concebe a temporalidade em seus diferentes aspectos, tais como a atemporalidade do inconsciente, o tempo próprio da pulsão e o tempo lógico. Com esse percurso, a relevância da experiência analítica hoje será investigada; questiona-se a possibilidade de adoecimento do sujeito diante desse tempo experienciado como pura pressa. Palavras-chave: Psicanálise. Temporalidade. Urgência.Abstract : This article proposes to analyze the experience of temporality nowadays from the impact of contemporary urgency, which occurs, mainly, from the imperatives of performance. With this, it seeks to point out the way in which this problem reverberates in the subject today, and explores the importance of not linking the subject's time to the current production system. Initially, the imperatives of productivity and consumerism will be discussed in order to elaborate the conception of time for psychoanalysis, developing the way in which it conceives temporality in its different aspects, such as the timelessness of the unconscious, the proper time of the drive and the logical time. With this path, the relevance of analytical experience today will be investigated, and the possibility of illness of the subject in the face of this time experienced as a pure haste is questioned. Keywords: Psychoanalysis. Temporality. Urgency.
Menezes, Lená Medeiros de. Tramas do Mal - Imprensa e Discursos de Combate - A Revolução (1917-1921). Editora Ayran, 2019, 306p. ISBN 978-65-80699-00-1
Authors: Lessa Mônica Leite
Published: June 2021

Lená Medeiros de Menezes analisa os primórdios da guerra cultural midiática movida pelos Estados Unidos contra a Revolução Russa apontando os principais discursos circulantes, o papel das agências de notícias internacionais e o alcance desse combate político-ideológico na imprensa carioca.Palavras-chave: Revolução Russa, Imprensa, Guerra Cultural, Anticomunismo.ABSTRACTLená Medeiros de Menezes analyzes the beginnings of the media cultural war agede by the United States against the Russian Revolution, pointing out the main circulating speeches, the role of international news agencies and the scoope of this political-ideological struggle in the Rio de Janeiro press.Keywords: Russian Revolution, Medias, Cultural War, Anti-communism. Recebido em: 16 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 21 mai. 2021.
Russian and Dungan literature about war: comparative aspect
Authors:   Lanzhou University, Junqin Si
Published: June 2021

The article presents a comparative characteristic of Russian and Dungan literature about the Second World War. The author has used a large amount of text material, historical sources and facts. The article analyzes the problematic and thematic analogies of Dungan and Russian authors, the impact of Russian writers on Dungan authors is proved. Russian and Dungan literature of the twentieth century about the war demonstrated the actualization of heroism and patriotism. The author of the article determined that the reason why heroism became a common theme of Dungan and Russian military literature is that, in addition to describing the military situation, they demonstrate popular patriotism. The article emphasizes that over time, Russian military literature has changed its focus of attention, shifting it from describing military scenes to depicting the inner world of characters. This made it possible to understand the value of human life in the context of war. The theme of war is combined in the works with the thought of humanism. Moral research has become the main narrative strategy of Russian and Dungan military literature. Dungan military literature is consistent with Russian literature and expresses compassion for man, depicts the life of people in war conditions. The author of the article believes that the central idea of the military works of Dungan and Russian authors is to depict human compassion. The author of the article emphasized that the problem of war orphans typologically unites Russian and Dungan writers, and the influence of Russian writers on Dungan writers is also obvious. The article emphasizes that many works of Russian and Dungan literature recreate the war through the eyes of women and children who were innocent victims, their images reveal the terrible nature of the era, its inhumanity. The writers combined the description of heroism with the description of the tragedy of war, revealed the enormous mental trauma inflicted by the war, and investigated the fate of ordinary people in the war. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the common features of Dungan literature about war and the works of Russian writers of the twentieth century on this topic are that they do not directly describe military actions, but focus their attention on the tragic impact of war on human destiny. Dungan writers, following Russian authors, discovered the value of life and rejection of war.
Slang of the world of fashion and fashion subculture in English: the problem of word-building and translation
Authors:   National University ", Pavelieva A. K. ,   Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic", Sotnichenko I. V. ,   National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic"
Published: June 2021

The article considers the slang of the fashion industry, systemization of slang units by speakers, as well as the main difficulties in translating English fashion slang into Ukrainian. It turns out that the vocabulary of fashion industry slang is enriched in epoch-making moments, important for the state as a reaction to turning points in history and to the emergence of new social phenomena. The article proves that fashion slang unites a large number of social groups: people working in the fashion industry, who create trends and fashionable novelties; fashion distributors and fashion buyers and even forms a new social group around them ‒ hypebeasts. The authors of the article analyse the slang of the fashion world through the prism of its interdependence and interaction with social networks and the Internet as a communicative space. Such methods of word formation of fashion slang units as metaphorization, word formation, appearance of telescopies have been considered in this scientific article. The presented research paper proposes to classify fashion slang by different groups of people who are somehow related to fashion, and thus cause the emergence of new slang units, forming their own kind of fashion slang, taking into account the peculiarities of their activities. It is emphasized that the basis for the formation of new slang of the fashion industry is the slang of young people mad about fashion, who build their own cult around it. The article also considers the most common ways of translating hypebeasts slang, such as transcoding (mixed and adaptive ones), transcription and transliteration.
Innovative methods of foreign language teaching for ESP students
Authors:   Cherkasy State Technological University, Ihnatyeva O. S. , Koval S. M. ,   Cherkasy State Technological University, Uskova L. V. ,   Cherkasy State Technological University, Chepurna M. V. ,   Cherkasy State Technological University
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of successful usage of foreign language teaching progressive methods for university students of technical specialties in Ukraine. The major didactic functions (cognitive, developing, research, communicative) by means of computer technologies in the learning process are determined. The effectiveness and the expediency of innovative approaches usage in the process of foreign language study to improve the quality of students’ education are analyzed. The ways of informational technology application in the system of Ukrainian higher education are characterized. The effectiveness of learning foreign languages through innovative approaches and devices is analyzed and the characteristics of modern multimedia technologies in foreign language teaching are clarified. The restructuring of high school requires not only revision and improvement of general education according to new challenges of modern society but it also requires the change of educational processes methods. According to this it is important and necessary to use multimedia educational technologies. In the process of learning, multimedia education primarily presumes the usage of videos in the work with different computer programmes as well as making special presentations on the topic given through the usage of technically oriented audio and video information. The usage of computers in the process of teaching foreign languages increases the intensity of educational process. The factor determining successful application of informational technologies is teacher’s work with scientific and methodical support. The examples of multimedia technology usage are shown. The attention is paid to the multimedia presentation, its characteristic features and peculiarities. Computers greatly empower teacher’s abilities, promotes individualized studying, students’ individual activities and allows to adapt educational process to individual characteristics of students.
Naturalistic image of Jews in works by Ivan Franko to reveal social reality
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kolesnyk A. V.
Published: June 2021

In the article the naturalistic features of the reproduction of the artistic depiction of Jews in the works of Ivan Franko, written in 1880 – 1890 is analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the figures of the Jews are depicted in compliance with the requirements of naturalism. It is determined that the basis of the image is factography and I. Franko’s strict adherence to the principle of reproducing reality in all details. In the works „At the Bottom”, „Ivas the Newest” the prisoners' stay in the cell are recorded with the reproduction of all the details of the terrible life and the psychologically difficult communication of prisoners. Also in the works there is an accurate reproduction by the writer of all the phenomena of life, in particular, the work „Gava” presents a complete picture of the conclusion of a terrible plan for appropriating the achievements of the work of the Staromissky’s family, and then the implementation of this plan by a cunning businessman. In the work „Household Crafts” we get acquainted with the hardships of the craftsman in search of opportunities to gain a sheet of the ability to work, during which all the details of the extortion of money and the impossibility of obtaining what you want, which was characteristic of the early capitalist society are presented in detail. In the texts we observe the combination of natural (biological) and social components, due to which the credibility of the image is achieved, in particular, in the story „Irigation” we trace the correlation of these two naturalistic components in Fledermaus’s actions and his defense of his own interests in a conflict with the owner. The article concludes that the works of I. Franko correspond to the naturalistic direction and that the writer's works form the basis of this direction in Ukrainian literature.
The Change of the US Tariff Policy: Engels's Perspective and Enlightenment
Authors: Wu Baoyi , Wu Shanlin
Published: June 2021

Engels discussed tariff and the related issues on many occasions in his writings. Using “tariff” as the keyword, we search all the 50 volumes of Marx and Engels Collected Works and find out two important stages in which Engels formulated intensively tariff and related issues. The first one is 1845–1853, when Engels mainly elaborated from the perspective of the impact of tariffs on the interests of various classes in the European nations, and the second one is 1879–1893, when he mainly elaborated from the perspective of the relation between tariff policies and the stage of economic development in the United States and the roles played by the tariff policies in the national competition. At the second stage, standing at the height of world history and starting from competition and evolution, Engels made a comprehensive and in-depth illustration of the changes in the US tariff policies and their roles; at this stage, he recognized to a certain extent some of List's thoughts on tariff, which is not in conflict with his criticism of List at the first stage. The essence of Engels's thoughts on tariffs is the multi-level investigation based on his profound historical insight and grand global vision. Engels's thoughts of the political economy formulated on the development and evolution of the tariff policies and their roles and mechanisms after the US Civil War are still of great practical significance even for nowadays.
The Great Contribution of Engels to
Capital
Authors: Li Jianping , Yang Zhenhuang
Published: June 2021

Marx and Engels were close confidants and had the same beliefs and aspirations.
Both of them devoted a great deal of effort to Capital.
Although Engels did not claim co-authorship of Capital, he was
a genuine collaborator in ensuring it would appear, making major contributions
to its creation and publication. Together with Marx, he helped lay the
foundations for Capital in the 1840s, establishing the basic
elements of practice, method, and politics that would bring the work into being.
From the 1850s to 1867 he devoted enormous energies to supporting the creation
of Capital. During the 1870s he worked to promote
Capital, and from 1883 to 1894 he toiled at preparing the
final two volumes for publication. All in all, Engels was a legendary writer who
devoted himself to Capital over a period of half a century.
Politics, Power, Policy, and a Fair Society: The Failed Promise of the Asian Medicine Market
Authors: Roy Malay
Published: June 2021

Asymmetry in knowledge and bargaining power creates opportunities for duplicity and malpractice. Based on the experiences of the Asian medicine market, we propose that this economic sector is particularly susceptible to these vices. The visible hand of the government appears to be more effective in disciplining malefactors than the invisible hand of the market. This thesis is based on areas of knowledge such as political science, ethics, and philosophy that remain, in general, off limits to economists wishing to maintain the purity of the discipline.
Clinging to the Relics for Support: Capitalism and the Nation—Review of The Sublime Perversion of Capital: Marxist Theory and the Politics of History in Modern Japan by Gavin Walker
Authors: Keaney Michael
Published: June 2021

Observing the apparently anomalous retention of pre-capitalist forms amid rapid economic transformation, Marxists in early 20th-century Japan grappled with the theoretical challenges posed by a set of practices that did not adhere to the presumed teleology of capitalist development. In response, they proposed a sophisticated treatment of nationalism as an essential (but inherently temporary) stabilizing feature of capitalism, requiring constant reinvention as part of capitalism's fundamentally unstable and contradictory growth process. The validity of this treatment can be witnessed today with respect to populist backlashes in Europe and North America, and strident nationalist and even genocidal state policies in South Asia, amid a general stalling of the neoliberal globalization project that has increasingly been seen to fail in the unfolding aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009.
Market Socialism in Belarus: An Alternative to China's Socialist Market Economy
Authors: Li Yan , Cheng Enfu
Published: June 2021

Since Lukashenko came to power, Belarus has embarked on the road of market socialism, in which privatization has been halted, and the dominant position of state-owned economic components in the national economy has been established; a vertically managed and efficient model of state governance has been implemented, the presidential leadership has been strengthened, and social fairness and justice have been prioritized. In addition, Belarus has kept good diplomatic relations with the CIS (Commonwealth of Independence States) countries, China, and other countries through pluralistic and multi-directional diplomacy. Market socialism has helped the economy of Belarus recover from the decline immediately following the breakup of the USSR and develop rapidly. The country's economic foundation has been getting increasingly stable. A strong social security system has been established, and social welfare covers the largest social groups, which ensures employment and civil rights to the greatest extent, continuously improves the living standards of the population, and thus avoids social division and ensures social stability. Market socialism in Belarus is a special system of socialist market economy, its theory and practice can teach important lessons to the current practice of socialism and the reform of capitalist system
Low-complexity sparse absolute-term based nonlinear equalizer for C-band IM/DD systems
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Lin Zhenrui , Wu Xiong , Liu Jie , Tao Lau Alan Pak , Guo Changjian , Lu Chao , Yu Siyuan
Published: June 2021

A low-complexity sparse absolute-term based nonlinear equalizer (AT-NLE) is proposed to eliminate the nonlinear signal distortions for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) systems. By performing the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm to adaptively obtain the significant kernels of both the linear and absolute terms, the computational complexity of the proposed sparse AT-NLE is dramatically reduced and independent of the memory length. The performance of the proposed sparse AT-NLE is experimentally evaluated in a C-band 56-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) system over a 30-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). Experimental results show that compared with the conventional diagonally-pruned Volterra nonlinear equalizer (DP-VNLE) or DP-AT-NLE, the proposed sparse AT-NLE saves 77.7% or 76% real-valued multiplications when their achieved bit error ratios (BERs) are similar. Meanwhile, the proposed sparse AT-NLE reduces the computational complexity by > 28% compared to the sparse DP-VNLE at a BER of 5 × 10−4. The proposed low-complexity sparse AT-NLE shows great potential for high-performance and low-cost IM/DD optical transmission systems.
Optically translucent BaFCl:Sm2+ scintillating micro-particle composites for radiation detection
Authors: Richards Cameron G. , Williams Darrick J. , Hehlen Markus P. , Hunter James F. , Wiggins Brenden W.
Published: June 2021

A near-index-matched (Δn ≤ 0.018) scintillating composite was fabricated with phase pure BaFCl:Sm2+ and Norland Optical Adhesive 1665, and it exhibits an improved transmissivity leading to optical translucency. The mean-free-path was measured to be 249 µm at the 687 nm peak scintillation wavelength, indicating that optical translucency can be maintained to substantial composite thicknesses. With increasing thickness, the composite becomes more sensitive to higher energy irradiation yet maintains the ability to transmit scintillation photons. This versatile material is attractive for both low energy and high energy radiation detection applications.
Experimental demonstration of one-shot coherence distillation: realizing N-dimensional strictly incoherent operations
Authors: Xiong Shao-Jie , Sun Zhe , Su Qi-Ping , Xi Zheng-Jun , Yu Li , Jin Jin-Shuang , Liu Jin-Ming , Nori Franco , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: June 2021

We experimentally investigate the one-shot distillation of quantum coherence, which focuses on the transformations from a single copy of a given state into maximally coherent states under various incoherent operations. We present a general proposal to realize a type of strictly incoherent operations (SIOs) that can act on

N

-dimensional

(
N
≥
2
)

states. This proposal is suitable for a variety of quantum devices. Based on a linear optical setup, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed SIO successfully implements pure-to-pure state transformations, and thus the one-shot coherence distillation process is accomplished. The experimental data agree well with the theoretical results and clearly indicate the distillation fidelities, which bound the regions of different coherence distillation rates versus different superposition parameters of input states and different distillation errors.
Cases and distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in western São Paulo: A neglected disease in this region of Brazil
Authors: Soares Santana Regiane , Briguenti Souza Karina , Lussari Fernanda , Fonseca Elivelton Silva , Andrade Cristiane Oliveira , Meidas Marcia Mitiko Kaihara , Zampieri D’Andrea Lourdes Aparecida , Silva Francisco Assis , Flores Edilson Ferreira , Anjolete Ivete Rocha , Prestes-Carneiro Luiz Euribel
Published: June 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide. In 2019, 97% of the total numbers of cases in Latin America were reported in Brazil. In São Paulo state, currently 17.6% of infected individuals live in the western region. To study this neglected disease on a regional scale, we describe the spread of VL in 45 municipalities of the Regional Network for Health Assistance11(RNHA11). Environmental, human VL (HVL), and canine VL (CVL) cases, Human Development Index, andLutzomyia longipalpisdatabases were obtained from public agencies. Global Moran’s I index and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) statistics were used to identify spatial autocorrelation and to generate maps for the identification of VL clusters. On a local scale, we determined the spread of VL in the city of Teodoro Sampaio, part of the Pontal of Paranapanema. In Teodoro Sampaio, monthly peri-domicile sand fly collection; ELISA, IFAT and Rapid Test serological CVL; and ELISA HVL serum surveys were carried out. In RNHA11 from 2000 to 2018,Lu.longipalpiswas found in 77.8%, CVL in 69%, and HVL in 42.2% of the 45 municipalities, and 537 individuals were notified with HVL. Dispersion occurred from the epicenter in the north to Teodoro Sampaio, in the south, whereLu.longipalpisand CVL were found in 2010, HVL in 2018, and critical hotspots of CVL were found in the periphery. Moran’s Global Index showed a weak but statistically significant spatial autocorrelation related to cases of CVL (I = 0.2572), and 11 municipalities were identified as priority areas for implementing surveillance and control actions. In RNHA11, a complex array of socioeconomic and environmental factors may be fueling the epidemic and sustaining endemic transmission of VL, adding to the study of a neglected disease in a region of São Paulo, Brazil.
The associations between smart device use and psychological distress among secondary and high school students in Kuwait
Authors: Buabbas Ali Jasem , Hasan Huda , Buabbas Mohammad Abbas
Published: June 2021

Background

Smart devices (SDs) are widely used among adolescents. Numerous studies have recommended further research on this topic to find out the prevalence of SD overuse among school students and to what extent this is associated with psychological distress. The present study aimed to investigate the pattern of SD use among secondary and high school students in the state of Kuwait, as well as the possible associations with psychological problems, weight, physical activity, and school performance.

Materials and methods

The correlational study design aimed to survey students from public schools by using a questionnaire and valid instruments, which included: Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) and Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scale–(DASS-21). Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t-tests, one-way ANOVA were applied to find associations or significant differences between the categorical variables, in which p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The study included 1,993 students from secondary schools (48.9%) and high schools (51.1%), of which 47.5% were male and 52.5% were female. There were significant statistical differences in the pattern of use of SDs, addiction to SD use, stress, anxiety, and depression according to gender, school type, school performance, and sport engagement. In addition, there were positive correlations between students’ addiction to SD use and stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that excessive SD use is associated with addiction among secondary and high school students. In addition, levels of stress, anxiety, and depression differ according to the number of hours of SD use. Strategies should be developed at the community and school levels to avoid the overuse of SDs among school-aged students.
Symptom trajectories of non-cancer patients in the last six months of life: Identifying needs in a population-based home care cohort
Authors: Conen Katrin , Guthrie Dawn M. , Stevens Tara , Winemaker Samantha , Seow Hsien
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The end-of-life symptom prevalence of non-cancer patients have been described mostly in hospital and institutional settings. This study aims to describe the average symptom trajectories among non-cancer patients who are community-dwelling and used home care services at the end of life.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of non-cancer patients who used home care services in the last 6 months of life in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2014. We linked the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC) (standardized home care assessment tool) and the Discharge Abstract Databases (for hospital deaths). Patients were grouped into four non-cancer disease groups: cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and renal (not mutually exclusive). Our outcomes were the average prevalence of these outcomes, each week, across the last 6 months of life: uncontrolled moderate-severe pain as per the Pain Scale, presence of shortness of breath, mild-severe cognitive impairment as per the Cognitive Performance Scale, and presence of caregiver distress. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with having each outcome respectively, in the last 6 months.

Results

A total of 20,773 non-cancer patient were included in our study, which were analyzed by disease groups: cardiovascular (n = 12,923); neurological (n = 6,935); respiratory (n = 6,357); and renal (n = 3,062). Roughly 80% of patients were > 75 years and half were female. In the last 6 months of life, moderate to severe pain was frequent in the cardiovascular (57.2%), neurological (42.7%), renal (61.0%) and respiratory (58.3%) patients. Patients with renal disease had significantly higher odds for reporting uncontrolled moderate to severe pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.34) than those who did not. Patients with respiratory disease reported significantly higher odds for shortness of breath (5.37; 95% CI, 5.00 to 5.80) versus those who did not. Patients with neurological disease compared to those without were 9.65 times more likely to experience impaired cognitive performance and had 56% higher odds of caregiver distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.43 to 1.71).

Discussion

In our cohort of non-cancer patients dying in the community, pain, shortness of breath, impaired cognitive function and caregiver distress are important symptoms to manage near the end of life even in non-institutional settings.
Factors driving choices between types and brands of influenza vaccines in general practice in Austria, Italy, Spain and the UK
Authors: Stuurman Anke L. , Ciampini Sara , Vannacci Alfredo , Bella Antonino , Rizzo Caterina , Muñoz-Quiles Cintia , Pandolfi Elisabetta , Liyanage Harshana , Haag Mendel , Redlberger-Fritz Monika , Bonaiuti Roberto , Beutels Philippe
Published: June 2021

Influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) assessment is increasingly stratified by vaccine type or brand, such as done by the European network of DRIVE. In 2019/2020, eleven influenza vaccines were licensed in Europe. If more than one vaccine type is recommended or if more than one vaccine brand is available for a specific risk group, it is not clear which factors affect the choice of a specific vaccine (type or brand) by a health practitioner for individual patients. This is important for IVE assessment. A survey tailored to the 2019/20 local vaccine recommendations was conducted among GPs in four European countries (Austria, Italy, Spain, UK) to understand how influenza vaccine is offered to recommended risk groups and, if GPs have a choice between 2 or more vaccines, what factors influence their vaccine choice for patients. Overall, 360 GPs participated. In Austria, Italy and Spain GPs indicated that influenza vaccines are commonly offered when patients present for consultation, whereas in the UK all GPs indicated that all relevant patients are contacted by letter. In Austria and Italy, roughly 80% of GPs had only one vaccine type available for patients <65y. The use of any specific vaccine type in this age group is mostly determined by the availability of specific vaccine type(s) at the clinic. GPs frequently reported availability of more than one vaccine type for patients ≥65y in Austria (45%), Italy (70%) and Spain (79%). In this group, patient characteristics played a role in choice of vaccine, notably older age and presence of (multiple) comorbidities. Knowing that a non-patient related factor usually determines the vaccine type a patient receives in settings where more than one vaccine type is recommended for risk groups <65y, simplifies IVE assessment in this age group. However, patient characteristics need careful consideration when assessing IVE in those ≥65y.
Invasion and trafficking of hypervirulent group B streptococci in polarized enterocytes
Authors: De Gaetano Giuseppe Valerio , Lentini Germana , Galbo Roberta , Coppolino Francesco , Famà Agata , Teti Giuseppe , Beninati Concetta
Published: June 2021

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus or GBS) is a commensal bacterium that can frequently behave as a pathogen, particularly in the neonatal period and in the elderly. The gut is a primary site of GBS colonization and a potential port of entry during neonatal infections caused by hypervirulent clonal complex 17 (CC17) strains. Here we studied the interactions between the prototypical CC17 BM110 strain and polarized enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell line. GBS could adhere to and invade these cells through their apical or basolateral surfaces. Basolateral invasion was considerably more efficient than apical invasion and predominated under conditions resulting in weakening of cell-to-cell junctions. Bacterial internalization occurred by a mechanism involving caveolae- and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and actin re-organization, but not clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In the first steps of Caco-2 invasion, GBS colocalized with the early endocytic marker EEA-1, to later reside in acidic vacuoles. Taken together, these data suggest that CC17 GBS selectively adheres to the lateral surface of enterocytes from which it enters through caveolar lipid rafts using a classical, actin-dependent endocytic pathway. These data may be useful to develop alternative preventive strategies aimed at blocking GBS invasion of the intestinal barrier.
Modelling the impact of changes to abdominal aortic aneurysm screening and treatment services in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Lois G. , Sweeting Michael J. , Armer Morag , Jacomelli Jo , Nasim Akhtar , Harrison Seamus C.
Published: June 2021

Background

The National Health Service (NHS) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening programme (NAAASP) in England screens 65-year-old men. The programme monitors those with an aneurysm, and early intervention for large aneurysms reduces ruptures and AAA-related mortality. AAA screening services have been disrupted following COVID-19 but it is not known how this may impact AAA-related mortality, or where efforts should be focussed as services resume.

Methods

We repurposed a previously validated discrete event simulation model to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related service disruption on key outcomes. This model was used to explore the impact of delayed invitation and reduced attendance in men invited to screening. Additionally, we investigated the impact of temporarily suspending scans, increasing the threshold for elective surgery to 7cm and increasing drop-out in the AAA cohort under surveillance, using data from NAAASP to inform the population.

Findings

Delaying invitation to primary screening up to two years had little impact on key outcomes whereas a 10% reduction in attendance could lead to a 2% lifetime increase in AAA-related deaths. In surveillance patients, a 1-year suspension of surveillance or increase in the elective threshold resulted in a 0.4% increase in excess AAA-related deaths (8% in those 5–5.4cm at the start). Longer suspensions or a doubling of drop-out from surveillance would have a pronounced impact on outcomes.

Interpretation

Efforts should be directed towards encouraging men to attend AAA screening service appointments post-COVID-19. Those with AAAs on surveillance should be prioritised as the screening programme resumes, as changes to these services beyond one year are likely to have a larger impact on surgical burden and AAA-related mortality.
Los punzones metálicos en los contextos funerarios argáricos: los casos de Fuente Álamo (Cuevas de Almazora, Almería) y la Cuesta del Negro (Purullena, Granada)
Authors: Pérez Ibáñez Sandra
Published: June 2021

La Cultura de El Argar marca el comienzo de la Edad del Bronce en el Sudeste peninsular caracterizada por enterramientos en las áreas de habitación, bajo el suelo de las casas habitualmente. Siempre inhumaciones en posición flexionada, contienen por lo general solo un individuo que puede acompañarse en ocasiones de ajuar. Es dentro del análisis de éste último donde, en el presente artículo, se realiza una aproximación a la variedad de los punzones metálicos a partir del análisis morfométrico de los casos documentados en las sepulturas de los yacimientos de Fuente Álamo (Cuevas de Almanzona, Almería) y La Cuesta del Negro (Purullena, Granada). Los resultados muestran que las características de estos objetos reflejan que no son idénticos, a pesar de que habitualmente se integren bajo un mismo grupo denominado punzones, y que esas diferencias tienen una fuerte relación con la categoría social del difunto, tal y como habitualmente se ha referido a partir de otros indicadores (del ajuar, del contenedor funerario o de los mismos inhumados).
Más allá del telar: el mundo del trabajo femenino en la Asturias del siglo XVIII
Authors: Suárez Álvarez Patricia , Morán Corte Alberto
Published: June 2021

En el Siglo de la Razón proliferaron los tratados dónde, por primera vez en la historia, se ponía de relieve la necesidad de educar de forma conveniente a las mujeres. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento que los Ilustrados otorgaron al sexo femenino, siguieron relegando a éstas a las paredes del hogar, exhortándoles a quedarse fuera del mundo del trabajo extra-doméstico, reservado sólo para los hombres de la familia. No obstante, la necesidad obligaba, y cuando los recursos u hombres de una casa escaseaban, la mujer tenía que salir a buscarse el sustento. Este es el caso de cientos de mujeres del Principado de Asturias, dónde, a mediados del siglo XVIII, la realidad femenina difería de lo que lo que se consideraba ideal. Este trabajo arrojará pues luz, en un campo hasta ahora desconocido: el del mundo profesional de las mujeres asturianas del Setecientos, dónde comprobaremos cómo en ocasiones llegaban a adquirir, gracias a su status profesional, papeles relevantes dentro de la sociedad.
María Mondini y el estudio de cartas privadas de mujeres del Egipto grecorromano en 1917: un análisis desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Goñi Zabalegui Amaia
Published: June 2021

En 1917 Maria Mondini, una papiróloga milanesa, escribía “Lettere femminili nei papiri greco-egizi”, un trabajo pionero sobre la vida cotidiana de las mujeres del Egipto grecorromano a través del estudio de las cartas privadas conservadas en papiro. De esta forma, habida cuenta del contexto histórico en el que fue elaborado, este trabajo ofrece una oportunidad única para acceder a la vida y al pensamiento de dos grupos de mujeres distanciados en el tiempo. En este sentido, el presente artículo responde a un doble objetivo: la visibilización de la vida y obra de Maria Mondini y el análisis de su artículo desde la perspectiva de género.
MOVE ON AGAINST FRAILTY”: TIME TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT FRAILTY AND PREVENTION OF DISABILITY IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: INZITARI M. , RUIZ D. , MARTOS J. , SANTAEUGENIA S.
Published: June 2021

Frailty, a state of increased risk of progression towards disability, with particular vulnerability to internal or external stressors, is highly prevalent among older community-dwellers, and, together with disability, represents a burden for both older adults and the society. These reasons, in aging populations, place frailty in the public health agenda (1, 2).
EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS FOR PRESERVING PHYSICAL FUNCTION AMONG CANCER SURVIVORS IN MIDDLE TO LATE LIFE
Authors: DAUM C.W. , COCHRANE S.K. , FITZGERALD J.D. , JOHNSON L. , BUFORD T.W.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this review was to evaluate randomized controlled trials aiming to preserve the functional status, i.e. physical capabilities, of middle-aged and older cancer survivors through a structured, physical exercise intervention. The study team performed a thorough search of the literature using six online databases. This literature search limited included studies to randomized controlled trials which implemented a structured physical activity intervention for middle- and older-aged adults diagnosed with cancer. Studies were also required include at least one objective measure of physical function as a dependent outcome. This literature search yielded thirty-eight studies. The majority of the literature reviewed was successful in improving several functional outcomes including time needed to rise from a chair or distance covered during the six-minute walk test. A large number of published trials also suggest that exercise is effective in decreasing fatigue. However, a lack of trials investigating outcomes in older populations (≥ 65 years) was noted in this review. The results of this review suggest that a structured exercise program may be physically beneficial for middle-aged to older cancer survivors. Particularly, such interventions could preserve the functional status of cancer patients and, consequently, improve their long-term health outcomes. Future implications include further investigation into strictly older cancer patient populations, as outcomes related to exercise might differ between older and middle-aged adults.