bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient cooperative image transmission in one-way multi-hop sensor network
Authors: Al-Hayani Bilal , Ilhan Haci
Published: December 2018

The challenging task while transmitting the high-quality images over the wireless sensor networks is to achieve the higher throughput, minimum bit error rate without compromising the image quality. As the sensor nodes have the limited processing power, designing energy efficient image transmission is another challenge in this research. This paper proposed a novel method of cooperative image transformation from the transmitter to the receiver for wireless sensor networks. We designed the methods for multi-hop one-way relayed cooperative communication model for wireless sensor networks. We believe that the cooperative communication helps to improve the efficiency of image transmission. The proposed approach focused on efficient relayed image transmission through wireless channels with optimum image quality and bit error rate performances. First, lightweight image quality improvement method was proposed at both transmitter and receiver end as images captured under various illumination conditions. Second, the proposed compressive sensing was performed using the approximation coefficient of 2D discrete wavelet transform. We utilized the wavelet denoising advantage by presenting the hybrid thresholding function. And third, use of decode–forward method at relay nodes to perform the task of decode and forward received image data block. The compressed approximation component of 2D discrete wavelet Transform is further used to apply inverse fast Fourier transform and then in modulation using quadrature phase shift keying to transmit over additive white Gaussian noise channel to relay nodes as per the standard orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing model. The simulation results claim the performance efficiency against the state-of-art methods based on mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate.
Characteristics of tectonic deformation in the Daning-Jixian region, eastern Ordos Basin: Implications for the exploration and development of coalbed methane
Authors: Li Changgui , Jiang Bo , Ju Wei , Cheng Guoxi , Song Yu
Published: December 2018

Eastern Ordos Basin is an important region for the development of Carboniferous-Permian coalbed methane in China; however, there are significant differences of the coalbed methane exploration and development prospects among different regions within eastern Ordos Basin due to the multiple tectonic movements. In this study, the No. 5 coal of the Shanxi Formation of the Lower Permian in the Daning-Jixian region was selected for analysis. The influences of structures on coalbed methane content and permeability of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Daning-Jixian region were discussed and the favorable target areas for coalbed methane development were determined based on the analysis of tectonic characteristics and evolution. The results indicate that the main structures in this region extend in the NE–NNE direction with distinct E-W-trending zoning, which can be specifically divided into, from the east to the west, the fault depression zone in basin margins, the gentle fold zone in basin slopes, and the gentle slope zone. The formation and evolution of the structures in this area are primarily formed during the Indosinian, the Yanshanian, and the Himalayan movement, and the tectonic movement during the Middle Yanshan Period is critical for the formation of the structural frameworks. The coalbed methane contents in the No. 5 coal increase from the east to the west; therefore, low gas contents are found in the eastern margin zone, while the Yaoqu-Wucheng zone of middle slope belt displays high coalbed methane contents. The permeability is relatively high in the eastern margin zone and in the Mingti-Yangjiahe region of the middle slope zone, where there exist relatively strong structural deformations. The Guyi and Mingzhu blocks are selected as the favorable target areas for coalbed methane exploitation by a comprehensive analysis of burial depth, coalbed methane content, and the permeability.
Thermodynamic properties in ternary system of NH4HCO3–H2O–ethanol based on antisolvent method to strengthen crystallization of carbonized ammonia
Authors: Zhang Yu , Feng Dongdong , Gao Jianmin , Du Qian , Wu Shaohua
Published: December 2018

One of the main challenges of the ammonia-based CO2 capture process is how to further reduce the regeneration energy consumption. An antisolvent crystallization method was proposed to strengthen the crystallization process of carbonized ammonia, and heating the crystal products instead of rich solution can greatly reduce renewable energy consumption. The main component of the crystal product was NH4HCO3 analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Therefore, it is very important to study the thermodynamic properties of ammonium bicarbonate in the ternary system of NH3–H2O–ethanol. In this paper, the solubility curves under different temperature and solvent compositions were determined by static method and the mathematical model of solubility was established. The effects of the addition of ammonium carbamate which was produced in the initial stage of the CO2 absorption process and the addition of ammonia on the solubility in ternary system of NH4HCO3–H2O–ethanol were studied. The dissolution heat was also calculated in the end. The research of this article has a guiding significance for the antisolvent method to strengthen the crystallization of carbonized ammonia of ammonia-based carbon capture technology. It is helpful to further strengthen the crystallization process of low carbonized ammonia and improve the crystallization yield.
MRI phenotypes of the brain are related to future stroke and mortality in patients with manifest arterial disease: The SMART-MR study
Authors: Jaarsma-Coes Myriam G , Ghaznawi Rashid , Hendrikse Jeroen , Slump Cornelis , Witkamp Theo D , van der Graaf Yolanda , Geerlings Mirjam I , de Bresser Jeroen ,   on behalf of the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) Study group
Published: December 2018

Neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases lead to heterogeneous brain abnormalities. A combined analysis of these abnormalities by phenotypes of the brain might give a more accurate representation of the underlying aetiology. We aimed to identify different MRI phenotypes of the brain and assessed the risk of future stroke and mortality within these subgroups. In 1003 patients (59 ± 10 years) from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study, different quantitative 1.5T brain MRI markers were used in a hierarchical clustering analysis to identify 11 distinct subgroups with a different distribution in brain MRI markers and cardiovascular risk factors, and a different risk of stroke (Cox regression: from no increased risk compared to the reference group with relatively few brain abnormalities to HR = 10.34; 95% CI 3.80↔28.12 for the multi-burden subgroup) and mortality (from no increased risk compared to the reference group to HR = 4.00; 95% CI 2.50↔6.40 for the multi-burden subgroup). In conclusion, within a group of patients with manifest arterial disease, we showed that different MRI phenotypes of the brain can be identified and that these were associated with different risks of future stroke and mortality. These MRI phenotypes can possibly classify individual patients and assess their risk of future stroke and mortality.
Relationship among Breastfeeding Exposure, Knowledge, and Attitudes in Collegiate Males Residing in East Texas
Authors: Heathman Leslie , Douglas Crystal Clark , Camel Simone P.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Researchers exploring breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge among women suggest the decision to breastfeed is influenced by the male partner, yet few studies address males. Because collegiate males will soon enter fatherhood, assessment of their attitudes and knowledge may inform interventions aimed at increasing intention to breastfeed.

Research aim:

This study aimed to describe collegiate males’ exposure to, attitude toward, and knowledge about breastfeeding.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey was used with males ≥ 18 years of age enrolled at a Texas public university. Attitude indices measured included social limitations, public displays of breastfeeding, and employer accommodations. Descriptive statistics, correlational and regression analyses were employed.

Results:

The participants’ ( N = 949) average age was 25.48 years; > 80% reported not being fathers. Exposure to breastfeeding was high; > 80% witnessed breastfeeding and/or had someone close breastfeed. High attitude scores indicated social acceptability of breastfeeding. Knowledge appeared limited: only 16% identified the recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; > 50% overlooked the reduced risk for overweight/obesity, ear infections, diarrhea, or food allergies. Correlations between knowledge, exposure, total attitude, and index scores were positive ( p < .01) except for the public displays index. Stepwise multiple regression determined that breastfeeding exposure, knowledge scores, and father’s educational level predicted total attitude score, ( R2 = 0.13, F (3,851) = 44.02, p < .01).

Conclusion:

The positive attitudes outcome among this male population is promising for breastfeeding support and advocacy. Education efforts improving knowledge will likely increase behavioral intention, resulting in increased breastfeeding rates and duration.
Modeling global anthropogenic erosion in the Holocene
Authors: Wang Zhengang , Van Oost Kristof
Published: December 2018

A large proportion of natural vegetation has been converted to agricultural use, and this typically accelerates erosion by one to two orders of magnitude. Quantification of this accelerated erosion is important to understand the impact of human activities on soil ecosystem service given that soil erosion induces soil degradation and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Until now, few studies have evaluated the accumulated impact of agricultural erosion, since the start of agriculture (ca. 6000 BC), on the soils system and the carbon cycle. In this study, we mainly focused on the enhanced water erosion by conversion of natural vegetation to crops, while wind erosion on the cropland is not assessed. We first evaluated and constrained existing anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) scenarios by comparing observed cumulative erosion for the agricultural period under a wide range of global agro-ecological conditions with model simulations. An optimized land-use scenario that makes the best fit between the simulation and the observation was derived in the model calibration. We further applied a spatially distributed erosion model, which was modified based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), under the optimized land-use scenario across globe to estimate the total anthropogenic cumulative erosion and characterize their spatial variability. Simulations suggest that conversion from natural vegetation to cropland has caused a global cumulative agricultural erosion of 27,187 ± 9030 Pg for the period of agriculture. This results in an average cumulative sediment mobilization of 1829 ± 613 kg m−2 on croplands, corresponding to a soil truncation of ca. 1.34 ± 0.45 m. Regions of early civilization, particularly with high cropland fractions such as South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America have higher area-averaged anthropogenic erosion than other regions. This results in spatial variability in soil truncation rates because of erosion, which would further affect the soil production rate. Our study shows that observations of long-term anthropogenic erosion at the catchment scale can be used to constrain the reconstructed land-use scenarios.
Family Career Genograms: Beginning Life Design With Exploratory Students
Authors: Storlie Cassandra A. , Lara Hilton Tracy M. , McKinney Robert , Unger Dana
Published: December 2018

Sixteen exploratory college students participated in in-depth interviews exploring their family career genograms. Through the use of constant comparison method, five salient themes emerged from the qualitative interviews. Important insights affecting college students with undeclared majors are provided to inform family counseling and family-oriented career practice.
Life History’s Second Life
Authors: Lincoln Yvonna , Lanford Michael
Published: December 2018

New and revisited insights, theoretical developments, and the emanation of a new political landscape—coupled with the influence of new technologies and social media—suggest that life histories might be considerably more complicated to conduct today than a short generation ago. For example, at least three developments—the rise of a neoliberal, ultra-capitalist, political-economic environment; new technologies, particularly the rise of social media and the shifting social relationships such technologies have engendered; and the Enlightenment counter in posthumanism—have given rise to a postmodern “saturated self.” This “saturated self” is both more situated in the new era and, at the same time, less intimately connected with a surrounding community. This article will explore the critical junctures and concussions of life history with new theoretical, political, and social pressures on the individual and on the practice of creating biography from life history.
Storytelling and Mothering: A Portrait of a Homegrown, Mexican American Teacher
Authors: Reyes McGovern Elexia
Published: December 2018

At the heart of this article are the stories of a woman who identifies herself as a “homegrown,” Mexican American teacher. It is through storytelling with this teacher, Ms. Luna Martinez, that we come to understand how race, class, gender, ethnicity, and motherhood cross borders from the home to the classroom and back again. Although this article focuses on the life story of one teacher, it should be noted that her story resides within a larger research context. Ms. Luna Martinez’s story works to counter deficit, majoritarian narratives that inflict harm on Communities of Color. Moreover, her story radiates moments of survival and resilience with the potential to uplift and inspire Communities of Color. As a “homegrown” teacher who embodies a “pedagogies of the home” approach in the classroom, Ms. Luna Martinez connects with students through a familial and communal kinship.
Making Sense of “Outsiderness”: How Life History Informs the College Experiences of “Nontraditional” Students
Authors: Lanford Michael
Published: December 2018

This article presents the life histories of two “nontraditional” college students—Demetrius and Christine—as a means to explore the concept of “outsiderness” and its impact on undergraduate student success. Through multiple interviews and observations conducted over the course of a full year, the article first outlines the life circumstances that compelled both students to leave formal education during adolescence. Then, the article details how Demetrius and Christine managed to return to college despite formidable personal and financial challenges. Although both students demonstrate tremendous promise in their college-level coursework, they are wary of their own college readiness, primarily due to their “nontraditional” educational trajectories and a lack of clarity about instructors’ expectations. Hence, the article concludes by considering the forms of support that might help similar nontraditional students succeed in first-year coursework, and eventually graduate from college.
Rethinking empathy: Emotions triggered by the Holocaust among the Muslim-minority in Germany
Authors: Özyürek Esra
Published: December 2018

In the last decade there has been widely shared discomfort about the way Muslim minority Germans engage with the Holocaust. They are accused of not showing empathy towards its Jewish victims and, as a result, of not being able to learn the necessary lessons from this massive crime. By focusing on instances in which the emotional reactions of Muslim minority Germans towards the Holocaust are judged as not empathetic enough and morally wrong, this article explores how Holocaust education and contemporary understandings of empathy, in teaching about the worst manifestation of racism in history, can also at times be a mechanism to exclude minorities from the German/European moral makeup and the fold of national belonging. Expanding from Edmund Husserl’s embodied approach to empathy to a socially situated approach, via the process of paarung, allows us to reinterpret expressions of fear and envy, currently seen as failed empathy, as instances of intersubjective connections at work. In my reinterpretation of Husserl’s ideas, the process of paarung that enables empathy to happen is not abstract, but pairs particular experiences happening at particular times and places under particular circumstances to individuals of certain social standing and cultural influences. An analogy can be made to shoes. Anyone has the capacity to imagine themselves in someone else’s shoes. Nevertheless, the emotional reactions the experience triggers in each person will be shaped by individual past experiences and social positioning. Hence, grandchildren of workers who arrived in Germany after World War II to rebuild the country resist an ethnicized Holocaust memory and engage with it keenly through their own subject positions.
Elimination of temporal dispersion from the finite-difference solutions of wave equations in elastic and anelastic models
Authors: Amundsen Lasse , Pedersen Ørjan
Published: December 2018

Time integration of wave equations can be carried out with explicit time stepping using a finite-difference (FD) approximation. The wave equation is the partial differential equation that governs the wavefield that is solved for. The FD approximation gives another partial differential equation — the one solved in the computer for the FD wavefield. This approximation to time integration in numerical modeling produces a wavefield contaminated with temporal dispersion, particularly at high frequencies. We find how the Fourier transform can be used to relate the two partial differential equations and their solutions. Each of the two wavefields is then a time-frequency transformation of the other. First, this transformation allows temporal dispersion to be eliminated from the FD wavefield, and second, it allows temporal dispersion to be added to the exact wavefield. The two transforms are band-limited inverse operations. The transforms can be implemented by using time-step independent, noncausal time-varying digital filters that can be precomputed exactly from sums over Bessel functions. Their product becomes the symmetric Toeplitz matrix with the elements defined through the cardinal sine (sinc) function. For anelastic materials, the effect of numerical time dispersion in a wavefield propagating in a medium needs special treatment. Dispersion can be removed by using the time-frequency transform when the FD wavefield is modeled in a medium with the frequency-modified modulus relative to the physical modulus of interest. In the rheological model of the generalized Maxwell body, the frequency-modified modulus is written as a power series, which allows a term-by-term Fourier transform to the time domain. In a low-frequency approximation, the modified modulus obtains the same form as the physical modulus, and it can be implemented as changes in the unrelaxed modulus and shifts of the relaxation frequencies and their strengths of the physical modulus.
Communicating Risks of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Getting Beyond the Laundry List
Authors: Brauer Eden R. , Long Elisa F. , Melnikow Joy , Ravdin Peter M. , Ganz Patricia A.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

According to the Institute of Medicine, high-quality cancer care should include effective communication between clinicians and patients about the risks and benefits, expected response, and impact on quality of life of a recommended therapy. In the delivery of oncology care, the barriers to and facilitators of communication about potential long-term and late effects, post-treatment expectations, and transition to survivorship care have not been fully defined.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We collected qualitative data through semistructured interviews with medical oncologists and focus groups with breast cancer survivors and applied the Theoretical Domains Framework to systematically analyze and identify the factors that may influence oncologists’ communication with patients with breast cancer about the long-term and late effects of adjuvant therapy.

RESULTS:

Eight key informant interviews with medical oncologists and two focus groups with breast cancer survivors provided data. Both oncologists and patients perceived information on long-term effects as valuable in terms of improved clinical communication but had concerns about the feasibility of inclusion before treatment. They described the current approaches to communication of therapy risks as a brief laundry list that emphasized acute adverse effects and minimized more long-term issues. We describe the barriers to communication about potential long-term effects from the perspectives of both groups.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides insight into oncologists’ communication with patients with breast cancer regarding the potential long-term and late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy and about setting realistic expectations for life after treatment. Opportunities to improve oncologists’ communication about the potential toxicities of therapy, particularly regarding long-term and late effects, should be examined further.
C-Rich Sequence in a Non-Template DNA Strand Regulates Structure Change of G-Quadruplex in a Template Strand during Transcription
Authors: Teng Ye , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: December 2018

To understand the mechanism for formation of non-canonical nucleic acid structures, especially G-quadruplexes, is important for gene expression because the G-quadruplexes inhibit efficiently biological reactions. In this study, we utilized a fluorescent G-quadruplex ligand to quantitatively monitor G-quadruplex formation and dissociation in six different G-rich templates during transcription. Interestingly, increased and decreased G-quadruplex formation were observed depending on the sequence contexts. The formation of G-quadruplex was related to stabilization of the G-quadruplex after unwinding of the templates by the surrounding environment, while dissociation of the G-quadruplex was related to the potential triplet structures formed between C-rich sequences in the non-template strand and G-rich sequences in the template strand. The interaction between the template and non-template strand plays an important role in regulating G-quadruplex formation and dissociation in the template strand, which affects gene expression.
Dynamic Water Nanotube Cluster Stabilized in Molecule-Based Hydrophilic Nanoporous Crystal with New Organic Spacers
Authors: Ohata Yuki , Kouchi Takaya , Sugaya Tomoaki , Kamebuchi Hajime , Tadokoro Makoto
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the structure and phase transition behaviour of a dynamic water nanotube cluster (WNT) confined within hydrophilic 1D nanochannels. We demonstrated that the WNT has a three-layered hydrate structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds with carboxylate groups in the outer channel walls. Moreover, it exhibits a pre-melting state that was attributed to the presence of metastable structures. Interestingly, the dynamic WNT structure was maintained even in the melting state because the multi-layered water cluster was stabilized in the hydrophilic nanoporous channel. To our knowledge, such a dynamic three-layered WNT structure is unique and rare because most WNTs are regarded as disordered water clusters. Therefore, we constructed another dynamic WNT using [RuIII(H2bim)3]3+ (H2bim = 2,2′-biimidazole) and a new organic spacer, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate (TATC3−). The dynamic WNT cluster has been identified for the crystal structure and heat properties.
Borys Jelcyn jako przywódca polityczny
Authors: Bartnicki Adam R.
Published: December 2018

Borys Jelcyn bardzo sprawnie doprowadził do rozwiązania ZSRRi zmonopolizowania władzy, nie był jednak mentalnie przygotowany do tego, by być przywódcą narodu w okresie transformacji lat 90. W jego działaniach nie widać było zamiaru umocnienia, konsolidacji państwa, a jedynie chęć umocnienia własnego przywództwa. Budowany przez niego system władzy stał się fundamentem, na którym powstał reżim autorytarny Władimira Putina. To właśnie Jelcyn nauczył rosyjskie elity, jak naginać, anawet omijać procedury demokratyczne jak lekceważyć i marginalizować opozycję, zawłaszczać środki masowej informacji ikorumpować dziennikarzy; jak ubezwłasnowolnić polityków iinteligencję; jak odsuwać społezeństwo od wpływu na życie polityczne; w jaki sposób życie to dezintegrować lekceważyć, wywołał społeczną tęsknotę za stabilizacją i rządami „silnej ręki”,zniechęcił Rosjan do demokracji i wolnego rynku, umożliwił powstanie rosyjskiego „oligarchizmu”, przywrócił Rosji stare sowieckie postrzeganie rzeczywistości międzynarodowej, na nowo zalegalizował przemoc państwową. Jelcyn zwalczał komunizm, ale tak naprawdę nie chodziło tu o ideologię, tylko o ludzi, którzy stali na jego drodze. Wiele elementów państwa sowieckiego zrozmysłem zresztą przejął.W ten sposób doszło do swoistej transpozycji komunizmu. Jego część imperialną,społeczną itę dotyczącą władzy politycznej zaadaptowano do idei nowej Rosji.Jelcyn miał niewątpliwe zasługi w tworzeniu się niepodległej Rosji, cała sfera wolności była już jednak tylko aktywnym rozwinięciem przemian zapoczątkowanych przez Michaiła Gorbaczowa.
Does fitness enhance learning/academic performance?
Authors: Górska Paulina , Krzysztoszek Jana , Korcz Agata , Bronikowski Michał
Published: December 2018

The interest in the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance is still considerable. However, more ad­vanced research is required to better understand this relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to describe the state of knowledge of the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance. Furthermore, this relationship is explored with reference to five components of physical fitness, asking which ones have the most beneficial effect on maintain­ing and improving learning outcomes. In this review, we emphasize studies that advance the understanding of this issue, which is still incomplete. These studies offer hope of deeper understanding of the type of selected physical fitness components and their impact on academic performance. Further research into the association between components of physical fitness such as flexibility, strength and endurance of muscles and academic performance in children, while controlling for important covari­ates, is needed.
A pilot study for establishing quality indicators in molecular diagnostics according to the IFCC WG-LEPS initiative: preliminary findings in China
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wei Yali , Sciacovelli Laura , Plebani Mario , Wang Qingtao
Published: December 2018

Background

Quality indicators (QIs) are crucial tools in measuring the quality of laboratory services. Based on the general QIs of the Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety (WG-LEPS)” of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), specific QIs have been established in order to monitor and improve the quality of molecular diagnostics, and to assess the detection level of associated disease.

Methods

A survey was conducted on 46 independent commercial laboratories in China, investigated using questionnaires and on-site inspections. Specific QIs established were mainly based on the specific laboratory work-flow for molecular diagnoses. The specific QI results from three volunteer laboratories were collected and used to validate their effectiveness.

Results

Of the 46 laboratories participating in the study, 44 (95.7%), conducted molecular diagnostics. Of 13 specific established QIs, six were priority level 1, and seven, priority level 3. At pre-evaluation of data from the three volunteering laboratories, it was found that the newly classified specific QIs had outstanding advantages in error identification and risk reduction.

Conclusions

Novel specific QIs, a promising tool for monitoring and improving upon the total testing process in molecular diagnostics, can effectively contribute to ensuring patient safety.
Managing corrosion in desalination plants
Authors: Schorr Michael , Valdez Benjamín , Eliezer Amir , Salinas Ricardo , Lora Carlos
Published: December 2018

Environment quality, clean energy and worldwide water scarcity have been established today as central disciplines in modern science, engineering and technology. The innovative desalination technology of saline water (SW) contributes to alleviate these problems by producing fresh water from SW, mainly seawater and brackish water. Desalination plants (DPs) have a high level of corrosion risk as they handle and process aggressive SW under severe operating conditions, which include filtration, heat exchange, distillation, evaporation, agitation and circulation and high flow velocities, often turbulent. These SW, that is, sea, brackish and brines, cause localized corrosion such as pitting, crevice, galvanic and stress corrosion. In addition, biological fouling and mineral scaling are frequent nuisances that alter the equipment surface performance and induce corrosion. Two main technologies are used to obtain potable water and a brine for disposal: thermal evaporation and membrane separation, called reverse osmosis. The main way to minimize corrosion is the correct selection of corrosion-resistant materials for the fabrication of DP equipment, structures, installations and machinery. To protect the DP materials, industrial paints, polymeric coatings and rubber linings compatible with the DP fluids are applied. Cathodic protection with sacrificial anodic metals and/or impressed direct electrical current and corrosion inhibitors are supplied.
Effects of B on the Hot Ductility of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy
Authors: Zheng Yaxu , Wang Fuming , Li Changrong , Yang Zhanbing , He Yutian
Published: December 2018

This work conducted systematic studies on the effect of B on the hot ductility behavior of Fe-36Ni alloy over the temperature range of 900–1,200 °C by use of Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator, Thermo-Calc software, transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The influencing factors and mechanisms are also discussed in the present work. Results show that all the values of area reduction of the investigated alloy samples are below 60 % in the temperature range of 900–1,000 °C, indicating the poor hot ductility of the investigated alloys in this temperature range. When the grain boundary sliding occurs during the hot tensile processes, the fine secondary phase particles at grain boundaries prevent the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and promote the nucleation and propagation of cracking simultaneously, resulting in the poor hot ductility of the investigated alloys in this temperature range. In the B bearing alloy, the segregation of B atoms around austenite grain boundaries promotes the solute dragging effects at grain boundaries and strongly inhibits the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, which increases the brittle temperature to 1,000 °C. When the temperature exceeds 1,050 °C, the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization improves the hot ductility significantly. However, the coarsening of recrystallized grains and the formation of inter dendritic cracks decrease the hot ductility of the alloy gradually when the temperature increases from 1,100 °C to 1,200 °C.
Characterization of proteins in cultural heritage using MALDI–TOF and LC–MS/MS mass spectrometric techniques
Authors: Kuckova Stepanka , Cejnar Pavel , Santrucek Jiri , Hynek Radovan
Published: December 2018

Identification of proteinaceous materials in artworks is of high interest to restorers-conservators, art historians and archaeologists, because it helps to shed light on the used painting techniques, to attribute unknown artworks, to make conclusions on prehistoric diets, etc. The chapter is devoted to the mass spectrometry instrumentation, evaluation of obtained data and it is showing several examples of the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole–time-of-flight mass spectrometers on cultural heritage samples.
Die ökonomischen Kosten der fortbestehenden russischen Aggression gegen die Ukraine
Authors: Åslund Anders
Published: December 2018

Kurzfassung

Die Ukraine hat massive wirtschaftliche Verluste infolge der russischen Annexion der Krim im März 2014 und der militärischen Aggression gegen die östlichen Regionen Luhansk und Donetsk erleiden müssen. Während Russland auf der Krim einigermaßen funktionierende staatliche Strukturen eingeführt hat, ist die besetzte Donbass Region ein gesetzloses Dreckloch, aus dem mittlerweile die Hälfte der Bevölkerung geflohen ist. Russische Staatsbürger haben die Region geplündert und Unternehmen, Gebäude und Infrastruktur zerstört. Russische Handelssanktionen haben etwa 80 Prozent des Handels zwischen beiden Staaten eliminiert. Die Donbass-Region trug mit etwa 10 Prozent zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt der Ukraine bei, die Krim mit etwa 3,7 %. Wenn man von der Faustformel ausgeht, dass der Wert einer Region ungefähr dem Vierfachen des jährlichen Bruttoinlandsprodukts entspricht, so kann man den materiellen Verlust, der der Ukraine durch die russischen Aggressionen entstanden ist, bei etwa 98,4 Milliarden US Dollar ansetzen.
An average structure model of the intermediate phase between sodalite and cancrinite
Authors: Petersen Hilke , Zhao Haishuang , Robben Lars , Kolb Ute , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: December 2018

Powder samples of the intermediate phase between sodalite and cancrinite (INT) have been synthesized hydrothermally. The formation of the INT phase was proved by both PXRD and TGA analysis and its stoichiometric composition was found to be |Na6.95(1)(CO3)0.48(2) (H2O)6.18(6)|[AlSiO4]6. The comparison of the intensity ratios of PXRD data with a SCXRD measurement indicates the formation of a comparable phase with the typical strong stacking disorder. The hexagonal lattice parameters with a=1266.3(2) pm and c=1586(1) pm and the unit cell setting were determined by Pawley fits. The average lattice and the stacking disorder along c axis could be confirmed by the reconstruction of three-dimensional ADT data. The average structure of INT was modeled considering only the combination of naturally existing (zeolitic) cages, restricted by the actual number of layers per unit cell. The possible combinations were further reduced by considering the amount of incorporated species. Through the comparison of simulated electron diffraction pattern to measured data the modeled framework could be confirmed. Using relative positions of the incorporated species in the natural cages as well as electron densities calculated by using only the framework of INT the positions of these species could be described.
A Full Analysis Including Both the Static and Dynamic Factors for the Thermal Shift of 7
D
0 ⟶ 5
F
0 Fluorescence Line in SrB4O7:Sm2+Crystal
Authors: Wu Xiao-Xuan , Cheng Min
Published: December 2018

A complete formula consisting of the static factor stemming from lattice thermal expansion and the dynamic factor owing to electron-phonon interaction is employed to investigate the thermal shift at near and higher than room temperature for the 7
D0⟶5F0
fluorescence line in strontium tetraborate (SrB4O7):Sm2+ crystal. The static factor is gained in terms of the pressure dependence of the fluorescence line. With the aid of an approximate processing, the static parameter A (characterising the static factor) and the electron-phonon coupling parameter α
’ (characterising the dynamic factor) are estimated even if there is no observed thermal shift curve from low temperature (<30 K) to near and higher than room temperature. The static factor and dynamic one in SrB4O7:Sm2+ crystal give rise to the thermal blue shift and red shift, respectively, and the total or observed thermal shift is due to the emulation between the two factors. The static factor in shift direction is contrary to and in magnitude is slightly greater than the dynamic one for the 7
D0⟶5F0
line in SrB4O7:Sm2+ crystal. Thus, the observed very small thermal blue shift (which is not explained up to now) for the studied line in SrB4O7:Sm2+ crystal is rationally explained.
Solubility and Solution Thermodynamics of Baricitinib in Six Different Pharmaceutically Used Solvents at Different Temperatures
Authors: Alshetaili Abdullah S.
Published: December 2018

The preset study was undertaken to determine solubility and solution thermodynamics of a novel anticancer drug baricitinib in some pharmaceutically used mono/pure solvents including “water, ethanol, polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)” at “T = 298.2 K to 323.2 K” and “p = 0.1 MPa”. The solubility of baricitinib after equilibrium (saturation state) was analyzed spectrophotometrically by applying an isothermal technique. Characterization of solid phases of initial and equilibrated baricitinib was confirmed with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measured solubilities of baricitinib were regressed using “van’t Hoff and Apelblat models”. DSC spectra of baricitinib showed no change in physical state of baricitinib after equilibrium. Solubilities of baricitinib (as mole fraction) were estimated highest in DMSO (1.65 × 10−1) followed by PEG-400 (1.42 × 10−1), DCM (1.29 × 10−3), ethanol (7.41 × 10−4), EA (4.74 × 10−4) and water (1.76 × 10−4) at “T = 323.2 K” and same tendencies were also noted at other temperatures studied. With the help of theoretical solubilities of baricitinib, activity coefficients were estimated. The estimated data of activity coefficients indicated higher molecular interactions in baricitinib-DMSO and baricitinib-PEG-400 as compared with baricitinib-water, baricitinib-EA, baricitinib-DCM and baricitinib-ethanol. Thermodynamic treatment of solubility values of baricitinib showed “endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution” of baricitinib in all pharmaceutically used solvents evaluated.
Imediação, Bergson e o problema da Personalidade
Authors: Bordeleau Erik
Published: December 2018

O artigo pondera sobre o conceito de personalidade à luz da filosofia processual e da importância em recuperar os debates filosóficos sobre este tema a despeito do surgimento da ideia de Imediação, conceito recente proposto como complemento à ideia de Mediação.Tradução de Bianca Scliar e Amanda Góis.
DION, Robert. Des fictions sans fiction ou le partage du réel. Montréal : Les Presses de l´Université de Montréal, 2018. Collection Espace Littéraire. 222p.
Authors: Bernd Zilá
Published: December 2018

O texto resenha a obra DION, Robert. Des fictions sans fiction ou le partage du réel. Montréal : Les Presses de l´Université de Montréal, 2018. Collection Espace Littéraire.  222p.
Observations, Narrative, and Data in Nineteenth-Century Asylum Medicine
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: December 2018

French asylum doctor Ludger Lunier’s effort to measure the causal force of war and revolution in the production of insanity involved reasoning from data in an unfamiliar form. Lunier built up what we can call a medical database from an accumulation of about four hundred compact case narratives, some of them based on his direct experience. Although the conclusions he sought were purely quantitative ones, he returned repeatedly to these elemental accounts of the genesis of madness. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
An Episode in the History of PreCrime
Authors: Lemov Rebecca
Published: December 2018

This article traces the rise of “predictive” attitudes to crime prevention. After a brief summary of the current spread of predictive policing based on person-centered and place-centered mathematical models, an episode in the scientific study of future crime is examined. At UCLA between 1969 and 1973, a well-funded “violence center” occasioned great hopes that the quotient of human “dangerousness”—potential violence against other humans—could be quantified and thereby controlled. At the core of the center, under the direction of interrogation expert and psychiatrist Louis Jolyon West, was a project to gather unprecedented amounts of behavioral data and centrally store it to identify emergent crime. Protesters correctly seized on the violence center as a potential site of racially targeted experimentation in psychosurgery and an example of iatrogenic science. Yet the eventual spectacular failure of the center belies an ultimate success: its data-driven vision itself predicted the Philip K. Dick–style PreCrime policing now emerging. The UCLA violence center thus offers an alternative genealogy to predictive policing. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
Die „Tokenisierung“ von Rechtspositionen als digitale Verbriefung
Authors: Koch Philipp
Published: December 2018

Digitale Einheiten auf der Grundlage der Blockchain-Technologie sind derzeit in aller Munde. Manche dieser Einheiten wie ihr prominentester Verterter, der Bitcoin, fungieren als private virtuelle Währung. Andere, die sog. Tokens, sollen dazu dienen, den Handel mit bestimmten Rechtspositionen, die in diesen Tokens repräsentiert werden, zu erleichtern. Der nachfolgende Beitrag klärt zunächst die technologischen und begrifflichen Grundlagen und entwickelt darauf aufbauend das Konzept der digitalen Verbriefung.
Primer registro para América del Sur de la anguila de fango del Pacífico, Pythonichthys asodes (Angulliformes: Heterenchelyidae)
Authors: Aroca Ana Karina , Tavera Jose , Acero Arturo
Published: December 2018

La familia Heterenchelyidae agrupa a las llamadas anguilas de fango, peces altamente modificados que viven enterrados. Entre estos, se encuentra Pythonichthys asodes, una especie que, entre otros aspectos, tiene una longitud cabeza-tronco que representa entre 22 % y 27 % de la longitud total. Esta especie, fue descrita a partir de 23 individuos encontrados en el Golfo de Panamá. Posteriormente, registrada en aguas de El Salvador y Costa Rica y años más tarde encontrada en la costa central de Sinaloa en México. Esta nota revela el primer registro para Colombia y el Pacífico suramericano con base en cinco individuos colectados en Bahía Málaga (Valle del Cauca).
Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció új lehetőségei – a betegek elvárásai alapján
Authors: Molnár Regina , Sági Zoltán , Fejes Zsuzsanna , Törőcsik Kálmán , Köves Béla , Paulik Edit
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Nowadays doctor–patient consultation is not limited to personal appointments, there are new technical possibilities to keep contact. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the way in which the doctor and patient interact with each other between two personal consultations and how the patients would like to reach their physicians when needed. Method: Questionnaire survey was done among waiting patients in an outpatient clinic in Budapest. The questionnaire was based on the following groups of questions: habits of visiting a doctor, the methods of communication with a specialist, use of technical tools and socio-demographic data. Statistical analysis: Simple descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used. Results: The participants (260 persons) were in 36.2% male and in 63.8% female. One out of four patients did not contact the doctor between two personal consultations. The rest of the patients contacted the nurse by phone or their doctors on their mobile even as per different socio-demographic groups but without a significant difference in between those. Two thirds of the patients would like to have more face to face appointments with their doctor, half of them would like to keep contact by e-mail, and one out of three would call the doctor on mobile phone as far as possible. More men need personal consultations dominantly and in smaller proportion divorced, widowed and patients with vocational education. Half of the patients would like to e-mail their doctor, especially the younger and higher educated people. Conclusion: Patients’ consultation preferences differ by socio-demographic groups. Reestablishing conditions by taking all of our results into account, the efficiency of outpatient-clinics could be increased. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2136–2143.
Fiatalkori idiopathiás scoliosis műtéti korrekciójának hatása az állkapocs mozgástartományára
Authors: Benke Beáta , Marada Gyula , Tunyogi Csapó Miklós , Than Péter , Radnai Márta
Published: December 2018

Abstract:

From an anatomic and functional point of view, the stomatognathic system and the upper cervical spine are closely connected. Together with the complex neuromuscular relationships, this generates an important field of cooperation between dentists and orthopedics. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the improvements of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function after orthopedic surgery in case of a patient with idiopathic scoliosis. A 15-year-old female patient who had adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was surgically treated in 2016. Functional analyses of the TMJ were performed before the day of the operation and 10 months after the surgery. For detection, an ultrasound-based testing machine was used. The analyses of the data showed that almost all ranges of motions (ROM) were improved. The deviation to the right side was reduced from 8 mm to 2 mm during mouth opening. The patient had limited left lateral movement before the operation, however, after 10 months following the operation, there were free motions towards both sides. The originally asymmetrical protrusion became almost completely symmetrical. Regarding the functions of the TMJ, the surgery was successful; this in itself had a beneficial effect on the range and the path of the mandibular movements without any other treatment. These improved functions are indirect evidences for the connection of the function of the spine and TMJ. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2144–2149.
NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO QUE THỬ PHÁT HIỆN NHANH ĐỘC TỐ RUỘT NHÓM B CỦA STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Ở QUY MÔ PHÒNG THÍ NGHIỆM
Authors: Hoài Thu Nguyễn Thị , Văn Lê Trọng , Minh Nghiêm Ngọc
Published: December 2018

Staphylococcus aureus là một trong số những tác nhân vi sinh vật gây ngộ độc thực phẩm. Hơn hai mươi loại siêu kháng nguyên do S. aureus sản sinh ra. Trong đó, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) là nguyên nhân phổ biến gây ngộ độc thực phẩm. Chẩn đoán và phát hiện SEB bằng que thử nhanh dạng sắc k. miễn dịch (Immunochoromatography test - ICT hay lateral flow test strip - LFTS) đã và đang được các nhà nghiên cứu quan tâm với các ưu điểm cho kết quả nhanh, thao tác đơn giản, không đòi hỏi cán bộ sử dụng phải được đào tạo chuyên môn. Ngoài ra, LFTS có thời gian sử dụng dài và không yêu cầu bảo quản lạnh nên rất thích hợp để sử dụng ở những nước đang phát triển, các cơ sở chăm sóc cấp cứu nhỏ, ở vùng sâu vùng xa và ngoài chiến trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã chế tạo và thử nghiệm thành công que thử SEB ở qui mô phòng thí nghiệm. Que thử có khả năng phát hiện độc tố SEB ở nồng độ là 10 ng/ml, có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao tương ứng là 100% và 96,66%. Que thử phát hiện nhanh độc tố SEB không phản ứng chéo với các độc tố khác như SEA, SEC, SED và SEE, đọc kết quả trong khoảng thời gian là 10 phút và có chất lượng tương đương với các que thử thương mại. Việc tạo ra que thử phát hiện độc tố SEB của S. aureus dạng sắc k. miễn dịch có . nghĩa quan trọng trong công tác vệ sinh an toàn thực phẩm, phòng bệnh và bảo vệ người tiêu dùng.