bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Transition in Dilute Solutions of Rod-Like Macromolecules
Authors: Alekseev O. M. , Zabashta Yu. F. , Kovalchuk V. I. , Lazarenko M. M. , Rudnikov E. G. , Bulavin L. A.
Published: February 2020

On the basis of experimental data obtained for the viscosity in aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (metolose), it has been found that a structural transition takes place in dilute solutions of rod-like macromolecules with the increasing temperature. Namely, macromolecules form clusters in which they are arranged in parallel to one another. It is shown that this transition is a set of local phase transitions of the first kind.
In Memory of Volodymyr Mykhailovych Sysoev (1948–2019)
Authors: Bardic V. Yu. , Bulavin L. A. , Gabovych O. M. , Gavryushenko D. A. , Gotsul’skyi V. Ya. , Gubanov V. O. , Dmytrenko O. P. , Yezhov S. M. , Jenkovszky L. L. , Zabashta Yu. F. , Klepko V. V. , Kulish M. P. , Makara V. A. , Malomuzh M. P. , Poperenko L. V. , Ryazanov V. V. , Ushkats M. V. , Chalyi K. O. , Chalyi O. V. , Cherevko K. V. , Yashchuk V. P.
Published: February 2020

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ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ ЗАДАЧА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ КОМПОЗИТНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА, АРМИРОВАННОГО ДВУМЯ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНЫМИ КОРОТКИМИ ВОЛОКНАМИ
Authors: Зеленский В. С. , Декрет В. А. , Быстров В. М.
Published: February 2020

С использованием основных соотношений трехмерной линеаризированной теории устойчивости и модели кусочно-однородной среды решена пространственная задача устойчивости композитного материала с армирующими волокнами конечных размеров. Исследована зависимость критической деформации композитного материала от геометрических характеристик армирующих волокон. Проведено сравнение с результатами, полученными в рамках модели “коротких волокон”. Для решения задачи устойчивости применен численный подход на основе метода сеток.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ТОКА С ЦЕЛЬЮ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В СОСТАВЕ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Пырец В.А. , Рева В.С. , Земляной К.Н. , Гаврилов О.В. , Безручко К.В.
Published: February 2020

In the article the question definitions of the guaranteed residual service life of the storage battery, which allows you to accurately determine the parameters and characteristics, and also to predict them in the course of its life cycle. One of the methods of confirming the operability of chemical current sources and determining their further failure-free operation is considered, which are accelerated climatic tests. Also shown is the discharge capacity of chemical sources of current in the form of mathematical models, what makes it possible to determine the characteristics of chemical sources of current under normal conditions, and vice versa, when the capacitance is known from measurements of accelerated climatic tests.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИСХОДНОГО ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОФИЛЬНЫХ ЗАГОТОВОК ПРИ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИИ ГИБКОЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ИЗДЕЛИЙ АЭРОКОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНИКИ ТИПА ШПАНГОУТ
Authors: Седачова Е.Г. , Кулик А.В. , Убизький Н.Н.
Published: February 2020

The worked out mathematical model is for determination of deformation of the rectangular crossing of purveyances at bending.
INFORMATION-MEASURING SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICAL PROPULSION UNIT
Authors: Pletin Sergey Aleksandrovich , Petrenko Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: February 2020

Considered electric propulsion systems (EPS) based on the Hall effect. Structure of EPS includes hall thruster (HT), xenon feed system (XFS), power processing unit and automatic control and monitoring system. The task is to design information-measuring system (IMS), which allows measurement of the current settings of EPS, conduct their mathematical processing and registration for further analysis. EPS is a complex physical system consisting of subsystems within which different physical processes. These processes are characterized by a large number of parameters and characteristics to be measured and controlled in the process EPS. Listed EPS parameters that should be measured in the operation of system. Determined informative signs of laboratory and onboard subsystems EPS. The necessity of development of information-measuring system and the need to create two different IMS - for use in laboratory equipment for research and testing of subsystems and EPS use in an onboard system management and control. Laboratory IMS provides measurement parameters and test conditions in a vacuum chamber; modes of power processing unit; XFS modes; EPS temperatures subsystem (anode, cathode, supply system, power conversion system); thrust of hall-effect thruster and forming control signals for power sources, flow of propellant and laboratory equipment. Onboard IMS provides measuring current and voltage discharge between the anode and the cathode; valve current of XFS; high and low level pressure of XFS; the temperature of the anode block, cathode, power processing unit.Formulated the tasks performed by the laboratory and on-board IMS. Made choice of hardware implementation of the IMS. The work on the creation of software for the operation of the IMS.
Ideology and identity construction in Ibibio personal names
Authors: Boluwaduro Eniola
Published: February 2020

Existing studies on African anthroponyms have examined the implications of culture, history and language on individual identity constructions in personal names. However, few studies have explored the ideological processes involved in these identity constructions. To fill this gap, this study examines the concepts of ideology and identities in Ibibio personal names from ethnographic and ethnopragmatic perspectives. The data consists of eighty-five Ibibio personal names which were derived from oral interviews with Ibibio name-bearers and givers from Akwa Ibom State, South-eastern Nigeria. The names were categorized into four types: Christian religion, order of birth, endearment and character attribute, depicting the characteristics, cultural norms and religious beliefs of name-bearers. Family relationships, beliefs and knowledge of the culture are, therefore, important ideological indicators for constructing identities through naming. Thus, the names may either portray the bearer’s self-definition and identification or convey social biases. This article argues that identities constructed in Ibibio personal names are intrinsically localized within the name-bearers’ transfer of their cultural conceptualization of their personal names to their lived experiences. The study examines how these innate connections mirror the beliefs or ideologies of name-bearers.
Personal names as communicative tools in Tshiven?a
Authors: Mandende Itani Peter , Cekiso Mzwamadoda Phillip , Rwodzi Christopher
Published: February 2020

Africans maintain close connections with their traditions and places of origin. They express those connections in many ways, including through naming practices. Among the Vhaven?a of South Africa, personal names go beyond identity construction as they communicate beliefs, historical antecedents, values, intentions, experiences and other cultural practices. The purpose of this article is to explore how the naming system is used as a communicative tool that mirrors a wide range of human experiences within the Vhaven?a socio-cultural context. A sampled population of twenty-five Vhaven?a participants, including name-givers and bearers, were interviewed to elicit information about the meaning of their names. The data were collected over a period of five months. The names were analysed according to their semantic and pragmatic content. The findings reveal various derivational categories of Vhaven?a personal names, such as death, social conditions, illness and reincarnation, acquired names, Christian beliefs and thanksgiving personal names. It is also clear that the study of the Vhaven?a naming practice is equally the study of their social and historical phenomena, since their naming custom is so intertwined with their cultural and historical contexts.
The Effect of Two Exercise Types in the 8 Week Exercise Training on the Physical Fitness of Elderly Women
Authors: Yoo Inhwa , Yoon Hyung-Min
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two exercise types (Gyrokinesis exercise and Elastic band exercise) in the 8 week exercise training on the physical fitness of elderly women.METHODS The subjects of this study were 57 elderly women between 65 and 80 years old, who had no abnormality in the Physical Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q test) and were able to do physical activity on the orthopedic standpoints. The subjects were divided into three groups: Gyrokinesis Exercise Group (GKEG: n=19), Elastic Band Exercise Group (EBEG: n=20), and Control Group (CG: n=18). The subjects performed a Gyrokinesis Exercise in GKEG and an Elastic Band Exercise in EBEG for 50 minutes a day (10 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for main exercise, 10 minutes for cool-down), and 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks. The subjects of CG did not participate in any particular exercise program but only everyday life. The dependent variables were Physical Fitness: Upper Muscular Endurance, 30-Second Arm Curl. Lower Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, Endurance. one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used to test the hypothesis in this study. A post hoc was conducted only when there was an interaction effect between groups and measurements. The difference of the post-test between groups were analyzed through Scheffe method after one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level of this study was α=.05.RESULTS Gyrokinesis and Elastic Band Exercises were both effective on the physical fitness of elderly women: Upper Muscular Endurance, 30-Second Arm Curl, Lower Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, and Endurance. However, there were no differences in exercise effects after 8 week exercise training between the Gyrokinesis Exercise Group and the Elastic Band Exercise Group.CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that Gyrokinesis and Elastic Band exercise programs should be encouraged to improve physical fitness of elderly women and we need a follow-up study with longer term exercise training programs to find the differences in exercise effects between Gyrokinesis Exercise and Elastic Band Exercise.
Aborto no Brasil: o que dizem os dados oficiais?
Authors: Cardoso Bruno Baptista , Vieira Fernanda Morena dos Santos Barbeiro , Saraceni Valeria
Published: February 2020

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde cerca de 55 milhões de abortos ocorreram no mundo, entre 2010 e 2014, e 45% destes foram inseguros. No Brasil, dados sobre aborto e suas complicações são incompletos. Dados assistenciais estão somente disponíveis para o setor público e dados de mortalidade dependem de investigação do óbito. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o cenário do aborto no país, utilizando dados públicos disponíveis para acesso nos diversos Sistemas de Informação - SIM (mortalidade), SINASC (nascidos vivos) e SIH (internação hospitalar). No período entre 2008 e 2015, ocorreram cerca de 200.000 internações/ano por procedimentos relacionados ao aborto, sendo cerca de 1.600 por razões médicas e legais. De 2006 a 2015, foram encontrados 770 óbitos maternos com causa básica aborto no SIM. Houve discreta redução dos óbitos por aborto ao longo do período, com variações regionais. Esse número poderia ter um incremento de cerca de 29% por ano se os óbitos com menção de aborto e declarados com outra causa básica fossem considerados. Entre os óbitos declarados como aborto, 1% foi por razões médicas e legais e 56,5% como aborto não especificado. A proporção de óbitos por aborto identificados no SIH, em relação ao total de óbitos por aborto identificados no SIM, variou de 47,4% em 2008 para 72,2% em 2015. Embora os dados oficiais de saúde não permitam uma estimativa do número de abortos no país, foi possível traçar um perfil de mulheres em maior risco de óbito por aborto: as de cor preta e as indígenas, de baixa escolaridade, com menos de 14 e mais de 40 anos, vivendo nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-oeste, e sem companheiro.
Avaliação do impacto de programas de assistência pré-natal, parto e ao recém-nascido nas mortes neonatais evitáveis em Pernambuco, Brasil: estudo de adequação
Authors: Lima Suzanne Santos de , Braga Maria Cynthia , Vanderlei Lygia Carmen de Moraes , Luna Carlos Feitosa , Frias Paulo Germano
Published: February 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de programas voltados à assistência pré-natal, parto e ao recém-nascido (Mãe Coruja Pernambucana e Rede Cegonha) na mortalidade neonatal evitável no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, utilizando a abordagem de adequação. Analisou-se a tendência dos coeficientes de mortalidade neonatal evitável, bem como o impacto desses programas na mortalidade neonatal evitável em quatro regiões de saúde do estado, de 2000 a 2016. Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e documentos oficiais foram usados como fonte de dados. Os óbitos foram classificados segundo a Lista Brasileira de Causas de Óbitos Evitáveis por Intervenções do SUS. Utilizaram-se métodos de regressão linear e joinpoint para análise das tendências e identificação de pontos de inflexão nas curvas de mortalidade neonatal. Houve acentuada queda da mortalidade neonatal evitável no estado, principalmente a precoce. Excetuando-se a Região I-Recife, onde observou-se inflexão negativa das curvas de mortalidade após a implantação da Rede Cegonha, não houve correspondência das inflexões nas curvas com os períodos de implantação dos programas nas demais regiões. Outros fatores parecem ter atuado na melhoria desses indicadores, como a ampliação da rede de alto risco. Portanto, o fortalecimento dessa rede pode contribuir na redução dos óbitos neonatais evitáveis, particularmente o precoce.
Controle da leishmaniose visceral canina por eutanásia: estimativa de efeito baseado em inquérito e modelagem matemática
Authors: Costa Danielle Nunes Carneiro Castro , Codeço Cláudia Torres , Bermudi Patricia Marques Moralejo , Rodas Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco , Nunes Cáris Maroni , Hiramoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi , Tolezano José Eduardo , Chiaravalloti Neto Francisco
Published: February 2020

A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença emergente e negligenciada em processo de expansão para áreas urbanas. A incidência da doença humana está relacionada com a infecção canina. Araçatuba e Birigui são municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com soroprevalência da infecção canina de 8 a 10%, que empregam estratégias de controle voltadas ao reservatório canino baseado em inquérito sorológico e eutanásia dos cães soropositivos. Usando dados desses programas de controle para parametrizar modelos matemáticos, este estudo avaliou a eficácia dessas atividades. Estimamos que o controle atualmente empregado é capaz de reduzir em cerca de 20% a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Considerando-se um controle contínuo e um esforço das atividades de inquérito sorológico igual ao triplo da média do observado em Araçatuba e Birigui, a atividade de eutanásia de cães com diagnóstico positivo seria efetiva para o controle da infecção canina. Embora teoricamente possível, na prática, o controle da LVC com as estratégias preconizadas atualmente é insuficiente, pois exigiria superpor dificuldades enfrentadas por estas atividades como falta de recursos materiais, humanos e financeiros, além das questões éticas e jurídicas associadas.
Relação entre natureza jurídica de prestadores de serviços e qualidade na atenção básica brasileira
Authors: Gomes Thaís dos Santos , Santos Alaneir de Fátima dos , Machado Antônio Thomaz Gonzaga da Matta , Araújo Lucas Henrique Lobato de , Cella Joana Natalia
Published: February 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a existência de associação entre os diferentes tipos de agentes contratantes atuantes na atenção básica brasileira, e a qualidade do cuidado ofertado medida pelo Programa de Melhoria e Acesso da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva e inferencial por meio de regressão logística. Foram analisados 4.469 municípios brasileiros. Os resultados mostraram que não houve associação entre o tipo de agente contratante, se público ou privado, e a nota obtida no processo de certificação (valor de p > 0,05). Verificou-se que os municípios maiores e socioeconomicamente mais dinâmicos concentram as maiores parcelas de municípios que têm os serviços de atenção básica gerenciados por agentes contratantes privados (23,2%). No que se refere à nota da certificação obtida, também foram esses municípios que obtiveram as notas mais altas. Por fim, em todas as categorias tanto de agentes contratantes públicos quanto de agentes contratantes privados, a maioria dos municípios teve notas classificadas como média (entre 50 e 69,99). Dessa forma, identificou-se que a qualidade do cuidado ofertado na atenção básica brasileira medida pelo PMAQ não está associada ao tipo de agente contratante envolvido na gestão do serviço quando os dados são municipalizados. Além disso, encontrou-se que os agentes contratantes privados e as notas mais altas obtidas no processo de certificação estão concentrados nos municípios maiores e com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos.
Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp.
Authors: Rendón-Castrillón L. , Ramírez-Carmona M. , Ocampo-López C. , Giraldo-Aristizabal R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract It was evaluated the effect of operational conditions in the production of Chlorella sp. after its selection from genus Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella salina. Microalgae were inoculated in drinking water with addition of NPK fertilizer (N 24%, P 24%, K 18%), at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, agitation of 150 rpm, temperature 25 °C, light intensity of 1680 lumens at a color temperature of 6400K, without pH control for 8 days. The cellular concentrations obtained were 3.72x107 (Chlorella sp.), 1.36x107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3.55x107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5.74x107 (Nannochloris sp.) and 3.45x106 (Dunaliella salina), where the microalgae Chlorella sp., shows invasive capacity in drinking water cultivations. Applying the 2n-p fractional factorial design concept for the elemental composition of the microalgae and the cellular morphology, it was obtained 44.33% of C, 7.09% of H, 8.53% of N and 0.84% of S for the Chlorella sp.
Areas of endemism in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest based on the distribution of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Silva Jorge L. da , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MEDIUM MORPHOTYPE OF Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.)Gagnon,H.C.Lima and G.P.Lewis RAISED UNDER FULL SUNLIGHT AND NATURAL SHADE
Authors: Gama Vinícius Novo , Macieira Bernardo Pretti Becacici , Zanetti Leonardo Valandro , Fantinato Dayana Effgen , Xavier Talita Miranda Teixeira , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo , Cuzzuol Geraldo Rogério Faustini
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The existing inconsistent data on the irradiance needs of Brazilwood plants Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon,H.C.Lima and G.P.Lewis. can be explained by their phenotypical variations. While small-leaf morphotypes grows better in the shade, not tolerating environments with high irradiance, a recently discovered population of medium morphotype presents different behavior: better performance under direct sunlight and limited growth in the shade. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms of the medium morphotype in response to the available irradiance, this study was performed to characterize the oxidative stress metabolism, photochemical and biochemical photosynthesis efficiency, as well as anatomical adjustments of leaves of the medium morphotype of P. echinata under different intensities of irradiance. The analyses were performed at direct sunlight condition (2000 µmol m-2.s-1) and within a dense ombrophilous forest with 80% shading (192 µmol m-2.s-1). Growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast pigments, photochemical (chlorophyll a fluorescence), and biochemical (gaseous exchanges) efficiency, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidants were measured. The results showed that the higher efficiency in light energy uptake, paired with better photochemical performance and better CO2 fixation in plants under direct sunlight resulted in higher concentration of soluble sugars and growth. The energy that should have been used in photochemical and/or biochemical reactions of shaded plants was dissipated in the form of heat, re-emitted as fluorescence or translocated to the production of antioxidant defense compounds of the secondary metabolism. Therefore, the medium morphotype of P. echinata presents an ecological profile of sun-tolerant or pioneer species, and as such, it is recommended its planting in full sunlight. These results differ from previous studies on small morphotype of P. echinata and suggest the need for a taxonomic reconstruction of this species, which is essential to adequate management practices in Atlantic rainforest recovery programs.
BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOCONTROLLERS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND FUNGICIDES IN THE PROPAGATION OF YERBA MATE BY MINI-CUTTINGS
Authors: Gortari Fermin , Nowosad Maximo Ivan Petruk , Laczeski Margarita Esther , Onetto Andrea , Cortese Iliana Julieta , Castrillo Maria Lorena , Bich Gustavo Angel , Alvarenga Adriana Elizabeth , Lopez Ana Clara , Villalba Laura , Zapata Pedro Dario , Rocha Patricia , Niella Fernando
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The production of yerba mate seedlings through seeds has several limitations, which can be overcome by ex vitro vegetative propagation techniques such as the mini-cuttings, in which it is usually necessary to use synthetic chemical fertilizers and fungicides. However, there is a tendency towards sustainable agriculture, using biofertilizers (growth-promoting bacteria) and biocontrollers (Trichoderma sp.). Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on the production of mini-cuttings from yerba mate mini-stumps; as well as the effect, of biocontrollers on survival and rooting capacity of mini-cuttings. Strains of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma asperelloides of yerba mate were used under two radiation conditions. There was a positive relationship between the availability of radiation and the production of mini-cuttings and the rooting capacity. All the mini-stumps sprouted regardless of treatments. The largest production of viable mini-cuttings occurred in a situation of high radiation and fertilization; while the treatments with growth-promoting bacteria and high radiation had intermediate values. The mini-cuttings inoculated with Trichoderma asperelloides had higher rooting percentage, greater number and length of roots than the mini-cuttings treated with fungicide. Therefore, we demonstrated that the use of chemical products can be replaced by biological ones and achieves acceptable yields.
Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis of a Brazilian birth cohort
Authors: Silva Fernando Alberto Costa Cardoso da , Bragança Maylla Luanna Barbosa Martins , Bettiol Heloisa , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Introduction: In high-income countries, persons of high socioeconomic status (SES) have a lower cardiovascular risk. However, in middle and low-income countries, the results are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the association between family income and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. Methods: A total of 2,063 individuals of a birth cohort initiated in 1978/79 in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were evaluated at age of 23/25 years. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high fibrinogen, insulin resistance, diabetes, abdominal and total obesity, and metabolic syndrome) were evaluated according to family income. Income was assessed in multiples of the minimum wage. Simple Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) with robust estimation of the variance. Results: High-income women showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.47), total obesity (PR = 0.22), abdominal obesity (PR = 0.28), high blood pressure (PR = 0.28), insulin resistance (PR = 0.57), sedentary lifestyle (PR = 0.47), metabolic syndrome (PR = 0.24), and high caloric intake (PR = 0.71) (p < 0.05). High-income men showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.73) and sedentarism (PR = 0.81) (p < 0.05). These results may be explained by the fact that high-income women pay more attention to healthy habits and those with the lowest family income are least likely to access health services resources and treatments. Conclusion: Women were in the final phase of the epidemiologic transition, whereas men were in the middle phase.
Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study
Authors: Fontes Amanda Silva , Pallottini Ana Carolina , Vieira Diva Aliete dos Santos , Fontanelli Mariane de Mello , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão , Alves Maria Cecilia Goi Porto , Goldbaum Moisés , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population. Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more. SSB were classified into six groups: sugar-sweetened sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened milk and dairy products, sweetened fruit juice, sweetened fruit drink, and total SSB. The association of each group with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables was assessed using linear regression models. Results: The mean SSB intake was 668.4 mL in adolescents, 502.6 mL in adults, and 358.2 mL in elderly adults. Sodas and sweetened coffee and tea represented had the greatest contribution to energy intake. SSB consumption was lower among female sex and higher among overweight adolescents, among sufficiently active adults, and among lower household per capita income older adults. Consumption of SSB was high, particularly among adolescents. Public policies are required in order to decrease the consumption of these beverages. Conclusion: Age group, sex, household per capita income, and body mass index status were associated with SSB intake.
A influência da Estratégia Saúde da Família no uso de serviços de saúde por adultos hipertensos no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Cardoso Luís Felipe Castro , Dominice Rayssa de Oliveira , Corrêa Alessa Arruda Pinto , Fonseca Ana Eliza de Carvalho , Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) tem elevada prevalência no Brasil e impactos no uso de serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Este estudo verificou a influência da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no uso de serviços de saúde por adultos com idades igual ou superiores a 18 anos que referiram HAS na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2013. Métodos: Utilizou-se o método de escore de propensão (EP) para corrigir a falta de homogeneidade entre os grupos com HAS expostos ou não à ESF. Estimou-se o EP por meio de regressão logística binária, o qual refletiu a probabilidade condicional de receber o cadastro do domicílio na ESF segundo covariáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, sanitárias e de saúde dos adultos e de suas famílias. Após se estimar o EP, utilizou-se o pareamento por estrato (estratificação) para se agrupar os adultos hipertensos em cinco estratos mutuamente excludentes. Foram estimados as prevalências e os intervalos de confiança a 95% de consultas médicas e internações hospitalares. Incorporaram-se os efeitos da amostragem complexa da PNS em todas as fases da análise. Resultados: Verificou-se que adultos hipertensos cadastrados na ESF tinham piores condições socioeconômicas, sanitárias e de saúde, mas semelhante prevalência de consultas médicas e de internação hospitalar aos adultos sem cadastro na ESF e com melhores condições de vida e saúde. A ESF atenuou desigualdades individuais e contextuais que impactam a saúde dos brasileiros ao favorecer o uso de serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A ESF pode favorecer o atendimento e controle da HAS no Brasil. Assim, deve receber investimentos que garantam sua efetividade.
Hanseníase e carência social: definição de áreas prioritárias em estado endêmico do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Magalhães Mônica Avelar Figueiredo Mafra , Luna Carlos Feitosa
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença que guarda estreita relação com as condições sociais e econômicas. O Brasil é o único país que ainda não alcançou a meta de eliminação da doença como problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre a carência social dos municípios baianos e a detecção de casos novos de hanseníase na população, como instrumento para a definição de áreas prioritárias para intervenção. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado no estado da Bahia, no período de 2001 a 2015. Variáveis analisadas: coeficiente de detecção casos novos, índice de carência social (ICS) e hanseníase em menores de 15 anos. O ICS foi construído com base em quatro variáveis: índice de performance socioeconômica, renda per capita, proporção de extremamente pobres e densidade domiciliar. Na análise espacial, foram utilizadas modelagem bayesiana empírica local e estatística de Moran global e local. Na análise estatística, foram empregados regressão multivariada, espacial e logística, cálculo do odds ratio e análise de variância. Resultados: A hanseníase apresentou distribuição heterogênea no estado, com concentração no eixo norte-oeste e sul. Dos municípios, 60,4% (n = 252) apresentaram muito baixa condição de vida. Observou-se associação entre as condições de vida e a detecção da hanseníase, com maiores coeficientes no grupo de município com melhor condição de vida (p < 0,001). Conclusão: As piores condições atuaram como um impeditivo ao diagnóstico, ao mesmo tempo que ampliaram o risco de adoecimento. As boas condições possuem efeito inverso.
Comportamento sedentário em idosos residentes de zona rural no extremo Sul do Brasil
Authors: Leão Otávio Amaral de Andrade , Knuth Alan Goularte , Meucci Rodrigo Dalke
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Introdução: O comportamento sedentário tem sido associado a diversos indicadores de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever esse desfecho em idosos residentes de zona rural. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com idosos da zona rural de Rio Grande/RS, em 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário eletrônico. O comportamento sedentário foi avaliado pelo somatório de oito aspectos: assistir a televisão/vídeos/DVD, usar computador/internet, ler, socializar com amigos e/ou família, dirigir ou andar de carro/moto/transporte público, praticar algum hobby, trabalhar e outras atividades. A análise deu-se pela descrição dos aspectos e pela análise multivariável (regressão linear), para testar associações com características socioeconômicas, demográficas e atividade física. Também foi verificada associação do excesso de comportamento sedentário e tempo assistindo à televisão com as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A média de comportamento sedentário foi de 274,9 minutos/dia (n = 1.030), e assistir televisão representou quase a metade (130,5 minutos/dia). Idade mostrou-se inversamente associada com o comportamento sedentário, enquanto renda e escolaridade apresentaram uma relação direta. Renda apresentou associação positiva com excesso de comportamento sedentário e tempo assistindo televisão. Conclusão: A média de comportamento sedentário foi menor quando comparada com a literatura em idosos. Sugere-se que ações para incentivar hábitos saudáveis visem especialmente diminuir o tempo assistindo televisão.
Visual abstracts: an innovative way to disseminate scientific Information
Authors: Moura-Neto José A. , Riella Miguel Carlos
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Technological innovations often occur and make an impact on many industries. In academia, Visual Abstracts have been a trend and represent a creative and dynamic way to disseminate scientific knowledge. Although still rare in Brazil, more than 15 journals already use Visual Abstracts worldwide. This brief paper intends to present the concept and discuss the potential effectiveness of this innovative tool.
AS METAMORFOSES IDEOLÓGICAS DO PENSAMENTO BRITÂNICO SETECENTISTA Do republicanismo de Bolingbroke ao liberalismo de Burke (1720-1770)
Authors: Lynch Christian Edward Cyril , Cassimiro Paulo Henrique Paschoeto
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo explora as transformações e diferenças entre republicanismo e liberalismo nas linguagens políticas do debate britânico setecentista. Pretendemos demonstrar como as dinâmicas próprias ao que estamos chamando de “momento oligárquico” inglês se expressam em linguagens políticas distintas: de um lado, a retomada de certo tipo de republicanismo maquiaveliano volta-se contra o predomínio das oligarquias e apela ao protagonismo da coroa; do outro, a defesa das transformações sociais e econômicas acarretadas pela expansão do comércio e da vida civil conduz ao diagnóstico da incompatibilidade do republicanismo antigo com a modernidade e acentua a necessidade de convivência entre o indivíduo privado e o cidadão moderno. Ao fim, este debate, indissociável de problemas contextuais e históricos do processo político inglês, ilustra uma transformação central para a emergência das linguagens políticas que constituem as ideologias e instituições predominantes da democracia liberal.
Influence of Weeds on Yacon Initial Growth and Development
Authors: CABRAL M.O. , OLIVEIRA F.L. , DALVI L.P. , TEIXEIRA A.G. , ROCHA L.J.F.N. , PEDROSA J.L.F.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: The consumption of yacon has been increasing around the world due to the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of this plant. The growing commercial interest in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) generates a demand for crop management research studies, including the effect of weed competition on yacon, which was not yet studied. Thus, this study was performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of weed competition on yacon development and growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and seven replicates. Treatments were yacon with the interference of four weed species: Cyperus rotundus L. (nutgrass), Commelina benghalensis L. (tropical spiderwort), Amaranthus viridis L. (slender amaranth) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using 10 dm3 pots. Plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, fresh and dry mass weight (total and partial), and chlorophyll A, B and total were evaluated. The weed competition resulted in a decrease in the yacon development (height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area), photosynthetic rate (decreased chlorophyll content A, B and total) and yield, as also decreased the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of tuberous roots. C. benghalensis L. and A. viridis L. were the weeds most affecting the development and growth of yacon.
Transtorno do Espectro Autista e Interações Escolares: Sala de Aula e Pátio
Authors: LEMOS Emellyne Lima de Medeiros Dias , NUNES Laísy de Lima , SALOMÃO Nádia Maria Ribeiro
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou analisar episódios interacionais de crianças com autismo nos contextos de sala de aula e pátio, considerando seus pares e professores. Entende-se a relevância da inclusão escolar e das interações sociais específicas que ocorrem nesses contextos a partir das características neurodesenvolvimentais, sociocomunicativas e comportamentais das crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Para tanto, foram realizadas oito filmagens em duas escolas particulares, com quatro professoras, quatro crianças com autismo e 42 crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os resultados foram apresentados em termos quantitativos, a partir das frequências de episódios interacionais; e qualitativos, a partir da descrição de quatro estudos de caso contendo trechos dos episódios interacionais. Apesar das variações entre os contextos, os episódios interacionais completos caracterizaram-se pelo uso de objetos e mediações diádicas dirigidas pelas professoras às crianças autistas. Sobre as interações entre os pares, destaca-se que essas trocas foram mais frequentes durante as atividades livres no contexto de sala de aula. Por fim, ressaltase o papel do estudo dos episódios interacionais para os processos de pesquisa, avaliação e intervenção na área escolar.
Functional Diagnosis as a Strategy for Implementing Inclusive Education in Poland1
Authors: DOMAGALA-ZYSK Ewa , KNOPIK Tomasz
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT: The 25th anniversary of the Salamanca Statement is a good opportunity to summarize to what extent the challenges described in it have been implemented by the signatory countries, all of which are members of UNESCO. This article presents a balance of achievements in implementing inclusive education in Poland, as well as a catalog of challenges for the future. Although the commitments to provide inclusive education for children and young people with special educational needs (SEN) arise from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), which have both been ratified by Poland, systematic work on the implementation began only in 2010. The key measure was the Regulation of the Ministry of National Education on the principles of planning and organization of psychological and pedagogical support for pupils with SEN. Currently, in cooperation with the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education intensive work is underway to create a coherent system for recognizing the needs and possibilities of children and adolescents based on the functional diagnosis model. Therefore, this article presents the assumptions of this model with reference to the implemented or planned changes to the educational law.
Los desafíos para las cooperativas de ahorro y préstamo de nivel básico en México
Authors: Lara Gómez Graciela , Hurtado Maldonado Jesus
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo aborda las problemáticas que predominan entre las cooperativas de ahorro y préstamo de nivel básico en México. Estas cooperativas son organizaciones que proporcionan servicios financieros y contribuyen con mejoras sociales en las regiones pobres, donde la banca tradicional tiene escasa o nula presencia. Se propone que la persistencia de estas organizaciones se encuentra amenazada por diversos factores, entre ellos, la escasa formalización de sus procesos de gestión y por las normas regulatorias que acotan su participación en el mercado. Se presenta una perspectiva teórica centrada en la economía social y una aproximación metodológica cualitativa, para responder a la pregunta: ¿cuáles son los desafíos que deben afrontar las cooperativas de ahorro y préstamo de nivel básico en México? Este es el punto de partida para analizar al sector y a una cooperativa ubicada en una localidad de alto rezago económico. Los resultados muestran que los desafíos a afrontarse por el sector se vinculan con la necesidad de evidenciar las desventajas de la legislación, para buscar su reforma. En la cooperativa estudiada los retos deben atenderse con visión de futuro, impulsando la continuidad de la organización a partir de estrategias que integren su doble finalidad económica y social.
Changing Stability in U.S. Employment Relationships: A Tale of Two Tails
Authors: Molloy Raven , Smith Christopher L. , Wozniak Abigail
Published: February 2020

We confront two seemingly-contradictory observations about the US labor market: the rate at which workers change employers has declined since the 1980s, yet there is a commonly expressed view that long-term employment relationships are more difficult to attain. We reconcile these observations by examining how the distribution of employment tenure has changed in aggregate and for various demographic groups. We show that the fraction of workers with short tenure (less than a year) has been falling since the 1980s, consistent with the decline in job changing. Meanwhile, the fraction of workers with long tenure (20 years or more) has been rising modestly owing to an increase in long tenure for women and the ageing of the population. Long tenure has declined markedly among older men; this trend may have spurred popular perceptions that long-term employment is less common than in the past. The decline in long-tenure for men appears due to an increase in mid-career separations that reduce the likelihood of reaching long-tenure, rather than an increase in late-career separations. Nevertheless, survey evidence indicates that these changes in employment relationships are not associated with heightened concerns about job insecurity or decreases in job satisfaction as reported by workers. The decline in short-tenure is widespread, associated with fewer workers cycling among briefly-held jobs, and coincides with an increase in perceived job security among short tenure workers.
Short Arms and Talking Eggs
Authors: Spencer John P. , Robinson Scott R. , Samuelson Larissa K. , Tomblin J. Bruce , McMurray Bob , Blumberg Mark S.
Published: February 2020

The nativist-empiricist debate and the nativist commitment to the idea of core knowledge and endowments that exist without relevant postnatal experience continue to distract attention from the reality of developmental systems. The developmental systems approach embraces the concept of epigenesis, that is, the view that development emerges via cascades of interactions across multiple levels of causation, from genes to environments. This view is rooted in a broader interpretation of experience and an appreciation for the nonobvious nature of development. We illustrate this systems approach with examples from studies of imprinting, spatial cognition, and language development, revealing the inadequacies of the nativist-empiricist debate and the inconvenient truths of development. Developmental scientists should no longer abide the nativist-empiricist debate and nativists’ ungrounded focus on origins. Rather, the future lies in grounding our science in contemporary theory and developmental process.
Shock Jocks and their Legacy
Authors: Hayes Joy Elizabeth , Zechowski Sharon
Published: February 2020

This is an introduction to a symposium of four articles on shock radio and its legacies for US media culture in the 21st century. It provides historical and global context for the rise of shock radio, and introduces four articles. These articles argue that while the shock radio format seems to have declined since its peak in the 1990s, it continues to flourish in a new ‘‘political shock’’ format and in the broader sexualization or ‘‘Sternification’’ of mainstream culture. Articles by Joy Elizabeth Hayes, Dana Gravesen, and Sharon Zechowski focus on shock jock Howard Stern, while articles by Zack Stiegler and Michael R. Kramer examine the cases of Michael Savage and Don Imus respectively.
“I Think I’m Gonna Throw up... ”
Authors: Hayes Joy Elizabeth , Gravesen Dana
Published: February 2020

Focusing on the period 1999–2003, this study examines the cultural content of the Howard Stern Show in order to develop a theory of shock radio. We argue that while Stern’s sexist and anti-feminist agenda framed his treatment of women’s bodies, his broader obsession with bodily excess reflected the particular cultural moment of the late 20th century and the long-term problem of embodiment via the radio medium. We draw on Linda William’s concept of body genres, M. M. Bakhtin’s grotesque body, and recent radio scholarship in order to conceptualize the relationship among the voice, the body, and the medium in shock radio.
The Consequences of the Military Revolution in Muscovy in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Poe Marshall
Published: February 2020

What has been called the early modern military revolution may be described most simply as the replacement of small cavalry forces by huge gunpowder infantry armies. The revolution was a diffusionary process with a relatively well-understood chronology and geography. The innovations at its core began in northern Italy in the later fifteenth century and spread throughout central, northern, and eastern Europe in the three centuries that followed. Seen in this way, it was a unique and unitary phenomenon. Thus we speak of the military revolution, an episode in world history, instead of several different revolutions in the constituent parts of Europe. Nonetheless, the course and impact of the revolution were different in the regions it eventually affected.