bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐method study of women’s assessment and experience of childbirth care
Authors: Donate‐Manzanares Miriam , Rodríguez‐Cano Teresa , Rodríguez‐Almagro Julián , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio , Santos‐Hernández Gloria , Beato‐Fernández Luis
Published: July 2021

Aim

To examine women's evaluations of quality of care from their perspectives.

Background

Assessing women's satisfaction with the quality of care they receive during childbirth is an important component of care quality that should be analysed. Evidence suggests that childbirth experience has an important impact on women's health. Therefore, taking into account the perceptions of women about quality is a means to improve care. However, studies examining care quality in this setting remain scarce.

Design

Mixed‐methods explanatory sequential design.

Methods

A national survey with a sample of 1082 participants, and 15 semi‐structured interviews. Data collection occurred between January 2017 and January 2019. Quantitative data were obtained through a validated scale, the Quality from the Patient's Perspective‐Intrapartal questionnaire, whose score can range from 1 (minimum satisfaction) to 4 (maximum satisfaction). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics, group comparison and qualitative content analysis were included in data analysis.

Results

The mean score on the QPP‐I tool was high (3.13; SD 0.74). Variables that had the most influence on the experience were type of birth, type of perineal trauma, admission of the baby, time since birth, home‐birth, parity and duration of labour. Data from the qualitative interviews identified five themes that explained women's experiences with the quality of care. Previous expectations influence the emotions they have regarding the experience. Relationships with professionals and their social skills are fundamental for the evaluation of quality. The separation of the newborn appears as a factor that worsens the appreciation of women. Good pain management and continuity of care by specialists are also named as key elements of the quality of care.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate that experience with childbirth care is of utmost importance for women. They also show the indisputable need to listen to their opinions and assessments when lines of improvement of quality are identified.

Impact

This study provides information that can improve the care that women receive during their childbirths. Using their opinions will make them feel an active part of the system and in this way, we will be closer to achieve excellence in our services.
A manualised weight management programme for adults with mild–moderate intellectual disabilities affected by excess weight: A randomised controlled feasibility trial (Shape Up‐LD)*
Authors: Lally Phillippa , Beeken Rebecca J. , Wilson Rose , Omar Rumana , Hunter Rachael , Fovargue Sally , Anderson Diana , King Michael , Hassiotis Angela , Croker Helen
Published: July 2021

Background

The aim was to pilot an adapted manualised weight management programme for persons with mild–moderate intellectual disabilities affected by overweight or obesity (‘Shape Up‐LD’).

Method

Adults with intellectual disabilities were enrolled in a 6‐month trial (3‐month active intervention and 3‐month follow‐up) and were individually randomised to Shape Up‐LD or a usual care control. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, initial effectiveness and cost.

Results

Fifty people were enrolled. Follow‐up rates were 78% at 3 months and 74% at 6 months. At 3 and 6 months, controlling for baseline weight, no difference was observed between groups (3 months: β: −0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.38, 1.69, 6 months: β: −0.55, 95%CI −4.34, 3.24).

Conclusion

It may be possible to carry out a trial of Shape Up‐LD, although barriers to recruitment, carer engagement and questionnaire completion need to be addressed, alongside refinements to the intervention.
La política cultural de la negritud en Latinoamérica: Debates del Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas, Cali, Colombia, 1977
Authors: Valderrama Rentería Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2021

Este artículo examina los debates sobre la negritud, la raza y la cultura negra en el Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas, celebrado en Cali, Colombia, en 1977. El análisis muestra la recepción y contribuciones que los discursos de la negritud tuvieron en Latinoamérica. Más allá de la visón antropológica que predominó sobre la cultura negra, las discusiones y debates sostenidos durante el Primer Congreso muestran una disputa ideológica que llevó a la reconceptualización de la negritud. Para demostrar lo anterior, se abordan los siguientes interrogantes; ¿Cuál fue la relación del Primer Congreso con los movimientos afrodiaspóricos? ¿De qué manera las discusiones llevadas a cabo en el Primer Congreso aportaron nuevas significaciones a los conceptos de raza, cultura negra y negritud? Finalmente, ¿cómo a partir de estas discusiones podemos entender la relación entre cultura negra y política en Latinoamérica? Este artículo muestra cómo la cultura negra adquirió un sentido político, se redefinió el significado del término negritud y se definió Latinoamérica como racista.
Could clinical nursing procedures lead to tracheal cuff pressure drop? A prospective observational study
Authors: Xiang Lijun , Cao Meng , Wang Yuan , Song Xuemei , Tan Miaoqin , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: July 2021

Aim

To evaluate the dynamic changes in tracheal cuff pressure before and after four clinical nursing procedures including sputum suction, oral care, atomisation inhalation, and turning over, and thus provide references for the adjustment time of cuff pressure in clinical practice.

Background

Cuff pressure must be kept within the range of 25–30 cmH2O to ensure effective ventilation and prevent aspiration, while maintaining tracheal blood flow perfusion.

Design

A prospective observational study.

Methods

The cuff pressure of 56 intubated patients was adjusted to 28–30 cmH2O. A cuff pressure monitor was used to continuously monitor cuff pressure changes before and after four clinical nursing procedures (sputum suction, oral care, atomisation inhalation, and turning over) and the cuff pressures at various time points were compared. The semi‐quantitative cough strength score (SCSS) was used to evaluate cough strength during sputum suction and the effect of cough strength on cuff pressure during sputum suction. This study followed the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Results

The cuff pressures during the four clinical nursing procedures of sputum suction, atomisation inhalation, turning over, and oral care, all temporarily increased (p < 0.001) and decreased to varying degrees 20 min later (p < 0.001). Among them, the cuff pressure rose the highest under a state of moderate or strong coughing during sputum suction (78.38 ± 12.13 cmH2O) and dropped the most at 20 min after the procedure (21.71 ± 4.80 cmH2O).

Conclusions

The four clinical nursing procedures of sputum suction, atomisation inhalation, turning over, and oral care can all cause different degrees of cuff pressure drop. The decision on whether the cuff pressure needs to be corrected depends on the specific situation.

Relevance to clinical practice

During clinical practice, the cuff pressure can be individually corrected according to different clinical nursing procedures, which can increase the qualified rate of cuff pressure and reduce the workload of nurses.
Early diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease as part of a secondary prevention strategy: Narrative review
Authors: Bennett Julie , Rentta Neilenuo N , Leung William , Atkinson June , Wilson Nigel , Webb Rachel , Baker Michael G
Published: July 2021

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequela rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality. In New Zealand, ARF almost exclusively affects Indigenous Māori and Pacific children. This narrative review aims to present secondary interventions to improve early and accurate diagnosis of ARF and RHD, in order to minimise disease progression in New Zealand. Medline, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched as well as other electronic publications. Included were 56 publications from 1980 onwards. Diagnosing ARF and RHD as early as possible is central to reducing disease progression. Recent identification of specific ARF biomarkers offer the opportunity to aid initial diagnosis and portable echocardiography has the potential to detect undiagnosed RHD in high‐risk areas. However, further research into the benefits and risks to children with subclinical RHD is necessary, as well as an economic evaluation.
Influence of dietary supplementation of marigold flower powder and extract (Calendula officinalis L.) on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, antioxidant parameters and immune responses of growing Japanese quail
Authors: Abd El‐Wahab Abd El‐Wahab Abd El‐Allah , Aly Mahmoud Mahmmed Mahmmed , Bahnas Mohamed Saad , Abdelrasol Ramadan Allam Sayed
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Marigold flower powder (MFP) and marigold flower extract (MFEx) as feed additives on the performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, immunological parameters, microbial content, digestive enzymes and digestibility in growing Japanese quail. A total number of 350 birds randomly distributed into seven groups, with five replicates of 10 birds each, control diet (control group), the second, third and fourth groups were fed on a basal diet within MFP 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% respectively. Fifth, sixth and seventh groups received the basal diet plus MFEx 150, 200 and 250 ppm respectively. Quails fed on a diet supplemented with MFEx 200 ppm had significantly higher lipase levels (p ≤ 0.001) compared to the control and MFP 0.6% without any significant difference with other experimental groups. Moreover, all digestibility coefficients (DC) of nutrients except for nitrogen‐free extract were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by all dietary treatments. Quails fed on the diet supplemented with MFEx 200 ppm significantly (p ≤ 0.001) presented the best body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed intake over all groups. Total lipid profile, kidney functions and liver functions were significantly affected by both MFP and MFEx diets. The group treated with MFEx 250 ppm had lowest E. coli and Salmonella population and the highest Lactobacilli population number. Antioxidant parameters and immune response (except for lymphocytes) were significantly affected (p ≤ 0.001) by different levels of MFP and MFEx. In conclusion, the addition of MFEx and MFP at 200 ppm followed by 250 ppm and 1.2% MFP, respectively, to the basal diet improved product productive performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, immunological parameters, microbial content and digestibility in growing Japanese quail.
Long non‐coding RNAs: Emerging roles in periodontitis
Authors: Xu Jingchen , Yin Yuanyuan , Lin Yao , Tian Mi , Liu Ting , Li Xinyi , Chen Song
Published: July 2021

Periodontitis is a major burden of public health, affecting 20%–50% of the global population. It is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, leading to tooth loss and the emergence or worsening of systematic diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiopathology of periodontitis is beneficial for targeted therapeutics. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts made up of more than 200 nucleotides, have emerged as novel regulators of many biological and pathological processes. Recently, an increasing number of dysregulated lncRNAs have been found to be implicated in periodontitis. In this review, an overview of lncRNAs, including their biogenesis, characteristics, function mechanisms and research approaches, is provided. And we summarize recent research reports on the emerging roles of lncRNAs in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and osteogenesis of periodontal cells to elucidate lncRNAs related physiopathology of periodontitis. Furthermore, we have highlighted the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in periodontitis pathology by interacting with microRNAs. Finally, the potential clinical applications, current challenges, and prospects of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for periodontitis disease are discussed.
Systematic review of human post‐mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Viejo Lucía , Noori Ayush , Merrill Emily , Das Sudeshna , Hyman Bradley T. , Serrano‐Pozo Alberto
Published: July 2021

Aims

Reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have traditionally been demonstrated by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity; however, astrocyte reaction is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple astrocyte functions beyond cytoskeletal remodelling. To better understand astrocyte reaction in AD, we conducted a systematic review of astrocyte immunohistochemical studies in post‐mortem AD brains followed by bioinformatics analyses on the extracted reactive astrocyte markers.

Methods

NCBI PubMed, APA PsycInfo and WoS‐SCIE databases were interrogated for original English research articles with the search terms ‘Alzheimer's disease’ AND ‘astrocytes.’ Bioinformatics analyses included protein–protein interaction network analysis, pathway enrichment, and transcription factor enrichment, as well as comparison with public human ‐omics datasets.

Results

A total of 306 articles meeting eligibility criteria rendered 196 proteins, most of which were reported to be upregulated in AD vs control brains. Besides cytoskeletal remodelling (e.g., GFAP), bioinformatics analyses revealed a wide range of functional alterations including neuroinflammation (e.g., IL6, MAPK1/3/8 and TNF), oxidative stress and antioxidant defence (e.g., MT1A/2A, NFE2L2, NOS1/2/3, PRDX6 and SOD1/2), lipid metabolism (e.g., APOE, CLU and LRP1), proteostasis (e.g., cathepsins, CRYAB and HSPB1/2/6/8), extracellular matrix organisation (e.g., CD44, MMP1/3 and SERPINA3), and neurotransmission (e.g., CHRNA7, GABA, GLUL, GRM5, MAOB and SLC1A2), among others. CTCF and ESR1 emerged as potential transcription factors driving these changes. Comparison with published ‐omics datasets validated our results, demonstrating a significant overlap with reported transcriptomic and proteomic changes in AD brains and/or CSF.

Conclusions

Our systematic review of the neuropathological literature reveals the complexity of AD reactive astrogliosis. We have shared these findings as an online resource available at www.astrocyteatlas.org.
Association between energy intake under‐reporting and previous professional nutritional counselling in low‐income women with obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Praxedes Dafiny Rodrigues Silva , Pureza Isabele Rejane Oliveira Maranhão , Vasconcelos Laís Gomes Lessa , da Silva Júnior André Eduardo , Macena Mateus de Lima , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Melo Ingrid Sofia Vieira de , Bueno Nassib Bezerra
Published: July 2021

It is unclear if individuals who have previously been counselled by nutrition professionals are more prone to subsequently under‐report their energy intake. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between energy intake under‐reporting and previous professional nutritional counselling for weight control in low‐income women with obesity. This is a cross‐sectional study. Adult women (19–44 years old in Brazil) with obesity, living in a household classified as the lowest economic strata, were included. Energy intake (EI) was identified using 24‐h food records (for three non‐consecutive days, including a weekend day. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed using indirect calorimetry and triaxial accelerometers. Individuals with EI:TEE ratio below 0.65 were considered as under‐reporters. Participants were also asked if they had been previously counselled by a nutrition professional for their obesity treatment. Association was calculated using a multivariable model, adjusted for age, bodyweight, height, education and body fat. The sample consisted of 58 women, with a mean age of 33 years and a body mass index of 32.51 kg/m2. Among total participants, 20 (34.5%) women had undergone previous professional nutritional counselling, and 21 (36.2%) under‐reported their EI. Women who had already had some counselling with a nutrition professional had a higher adjusted prevalence of under‐reporting their EI [adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.58; 95% CI (1.27; 5.25), p = 0.008]. Low‐income women with obesity who had undergone previous professional nutritional counselling for weight loss showed a higher prevalence of under‐reporting their EI.
Androsace azizsancarii sp. nov. (Primulaceae): a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Sefali Abdurrahman
Published: July 2021

Androsace azizsancarii (Primulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Bayburt Province in northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characteristics, a full description and a distribution map are provided. The new species is morphologically closest to Androsace albana, A. multiscapa and A. villosa, but it is easily distinguished from these species by indumentum, leaf, flower and seed characters.
Synonymizations and lectotypifications of some lecideoid lichens (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) described from Finland or Sweden
Authors: Svensson Måns , Owe‐Larsson Björn
Published: July 2021

Between 1850 and 1950, hundreds of lecideoid lichen‐forming fungi were described from Fennoscandia, mainly in the genus Lecidea. The status of many of these species is still uncertain and some have not been revised since their description. We examined types and nomenclature of nine such lecideoid taxa, and found that they represent synonyms of earlier described species: Bacidia dolera (= Lecidea albofuscescens), Lecidea aviaria (= Rhizocarpon richardii), L. cavernarum (= Porpidia soredizodes), L. cuculi (= Schaereria fuscocinerea), L. frustulenta (= Micarea subnigrata), L. ivalensis (= Carbonea vorticosa), L. melaphanoides (= Scoliciosporum intrusum), L. mustialensis (= L. albofuscescens) and L. submilvina (= Miriquidica leucophaea). In addition, we examined types and nomenclature of three synonyms of Lecanora cadubriae: Biatora admixta, B. pinicola and Lecidea subinsequens. Lectotypes are designated for the basionyms Biatora admixta Th.Fr., Biatora pinicola Th.Fr. ex Hellb., Lecidea cuculi Vain., Lecidea fuscocinerea Nyl., Lecidea ivalensis Vain., Lecidea melaphanoides Nyl. and Lecidea subinsequens Nyl.
Rediscovery and amended description of Psychotria palimlimensis (Rubiaceae): a rare species found only in Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Authors: Batuyong Mae Ann R. , Calaramo Michael A. , Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D.
Published: July 2021

Recent exploration on the northern Cordillera Mountain Range of Ilocos Norte, Philippines, resulted in the rediscovery of Psychotria palimlimensis Sohmer & A.P. Davis. This is an endemic Psychotria species first collected by Ramos in 1918 and identified as P. subalpina. However, the diagnosis of Sohmer and A.P. Davis in 2007 proposed it as a new species based on herbarium materials, and no further recollection was made to date since its last collection in 1953. Therefore, an amended taxonomic description of P. palimlimensis is proposed with color photographs, additional records on the distribution and morphological comparison with its allied species. The current conservation status is also provided.
Corydalis austroshaanxiensis sp. nov. (Papaveraceae), a neglected species from Shaanxi, China, and a revised circumscription for C. pseudoincisa
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Xiaomei , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Liang
Published: July 2021

Corydalis austroshaanxiensis, a new species of Corydalis sect. Incisae Fedde (Papaveraceae) from Shaanxi, China, is described. It is most similar to C. pseudoincisa C.Y. Wu, Z.Y. Su & Lidén, but differs in the outer petals being retuse to emarginate, with dorsal crest (versus acuminate, rounded to shortly mucronate, without crest), lowermost pedicels that are conspicuously elongating and basally recurved in fruit (versus slightly elongating, straight, erect‐spreading), sepals that are 3–4 × ca 3 mm (versus 1.5–2.0 × ca 1.5 mm), lower petals that usually have a linear reddish tint at base (versus without reddish tint), capsules that are narrowly to broadly elliptic to obovoid (versus linear to narrowly oblong), and by the racemes corymbose, forming a very dense cluster of upper fruits (versus racemes not corymbose‐like, flower dense in anthesis, lax in fruit). The original materials of C. pseudoincisa is shown to be mosaic, and the original descriptions and illustrations annotated as C. pseudoincisa only fit in part C. pseudoincisa. A revised circumscription for C. pseudoincisa is thus provided. We suggest the need for caution when identifying additional specimens as paratypes that differ from the holotype in distinct characters.
Early shaming experiences and psychological distress: The role of experiential avoidance and self‐compassion
Authors: Farr Jordan , Ononaiye Margo , Irons Chris
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Early shaming experiences have been suggested to be associated with later psychopathological symptoms. Understanding this relationship is complex, due to a number of psychological processes potentially influencing this. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to further explore the nature of the mediating effect of experiential avoidance in the association between early shame experiences and psychological distress, and whether self‐compassion moderates this relationship by mitigating the effects of this.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was conducted using self‐report measures of early shaming experiences, experiential avoidance, self‐compassion, and psychological distress.

Method

An online study of 556 participants, comprised of participants from the general population and university students participated within this online study.

Results

The moderated mediation model explained 51% of variance within depressive symptoms. Experiential avoidance was found to mediate the association between early shaming experiences and depressive symptoms. This mediating relationship was shown to be moderated by self‐compassion, with higher levels of self‐compassion being associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms across all levels of experiential avoidance levels (low, medium, and high).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that self‐compassion may play a significant buffering role within attenuating the effects of experiential avoidance associated with depressive symptoms. Such findings present important clinical and theoretical implications in further understanding the protective role of self‐compassion within early shaming experiences and the relationship between depressive symptoms.

Practitioner points

Early shaming experiences have been linked to later psychological distress.

Experiential avoidance identified a core underlying psychological process in the relationship between early shaming experiences and psychological distress.

Self‐compassion offers a range of protective features that may alleviate the effects of experiential avoidance and depressive symptoms.

Self‐compassion‐based interventions that target experiential avoidance may offer greater reductions within depressive symptoms.
Advances in practical feed formulation and adoption for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) aquaculture
Authors: Nankervis Leo , Cobcroft Jennifer M. , Nguyen Nguyen V. , Rimmer Michael A.
Published: July 2021

Grouper aquaculture is currently trending towards production of hybrids, due to their improved growth and disease resistance. The predominant cross is between tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) females and giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) males (TGGG). Sustainable TGGG aquaculture development is limited by reliance on wild‐caught ‘trash’ fish as feed rather than commercially formulated feeds. Specific TGGG nutrient requirement values remain limited, especially for larger fish that consume the highest volumes of feed. This limits the effectiveness of formulated feeds to provide optimal growth and feed conversion in an economically efficient manner. This review examines the current knowledge of hybrid grouper nutrient requirements for grow‐out feeds and identifies knowledge gaps to inform further research that will enable development of cost‐effective feeds that optimize fish growth, feed conversion and health. Current best practice in TGGG feeds specifies a relatively high protein requirement (53.5% crude protein), with higher arginine and lower lysine requirements than previously reported for grouper species. Like other groupers, the hybrid appears to require low lipid levels (10–14%); however, it remains to be elucidated whether this increases significantly with body size. The nutrient requirement data within this review provide a starting point for development of specific hybrid grouper feeds. However, commercialization of such feeds requires better understanding of the socio‐economic context of the target industry. While formulated feeds may be more cost‐effective, their implementation is limited by inferior growth compared with ‘trash’ fish. Performance gains are expected through increased understanding of size‐specific nutrient requirements and specific raw material quality criteria.
The climate benefits of topsoil removal and Sphagnum introduction in raised bog restoration
Authors: Huth Vytas , Günther Anke , Bartel Anna , Gutekunst Cordula , Heinze Stefanie , Hofer Bernd , Jacobs Oona , Koebsch Franziska , Rosinski Eva , Tonn Claudia , Ullrich Karin , Jurasinski Gerald
Published: July 2021

Many raised bogs in Central Europe are in an unfavorable state: drainage causes high emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while rewetting may result in high methane (CH4) emissions. Also, the establishment of typical bog species is often hampered during restoration. Measures like topsoil removal (TSR) or introduction of target vegetation are known to improve restoration success in other systems, but experiences on bogs after long‐term agricultural use are scarce and their climate effects including carbon losses from TSR are unknown. In a field trial in north‐western Germany, consisting of seven plots (intensive grassland, IG, and six restoration approaches), we explored the effects of rewetting, TSR and Sphagnum introduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We measured GHG fluxes to obtain two‐year GHG budgets and applied a radiative forcing model to assess the time‐dependent climate effects. Existing uncertainty of decomposition processes in the translocated topsoil has been incorporated by different topsoil accounting scenarios. According to our data, rewetting alone reduced CO2 emissions by approximately 75% compared to IG, but substantially increased CH4 emissions. After TSR and rewetting, on‐site CO2 emissions were close to zero or, with Sphagnum introduction, net negative while CH4 emissions remained very low. The climatic warming effect of TSR including C export becomes less climate warming than rewetting nutrient‐rich peatlands after a few decades. For raised bog restoration, we therefore recommend a TSR sufficient to achieve nutrient‐poor and acidic conditions needed for rapid Sphagnum establishment.
Interpretation of ground magnetic data in Suyoc, Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines
Authors: Arellano Creszyl Joy J. , Armada Leo T. , Dimalanta Carla B. , Queaño Karlo L. , Andal Eric S. , Yumul Graciano P.
Published: July 2021

Ground magnetic surveys conducted in Suyoc, Mankayan, Benguet led to the delineation of features related to epithermal and porphyry copper targets in the area. High reduced to equator (RTE) anomalies are observed in areas with epithermal mineralization. The high RTE anomalies are attributed to hydrothermally altered rock with quartz veins. The previously recognized porphyry copper prospect in Palasaan (Mohong Hill) is characterized by low RTE anomaly surrounded by a high RTE anomaly. One explanation for this signature is the possible presence of a magnetic core and the destruction or absence of magnetite in the alteration haloes at the periphery of a porphyry prospect. Areas such as Mangga and Liten exhibit the same magnetic signatures. This distinct magnetic pattern coupled with observed alteration and mineralization signatures led to the interpretation of prospective blind porphyry deposits in these localities. Results of the study reveal the applicability of ground magnetic data in characterizing and extracting a potential area of mineralized zones at a regional scale.
Evaluation of a multimodal rehabilitative palliative care programme for patients with high‐grade glioma and their family caregivers
Authors: Nordentoft Sara , Dieperink Karin B. , Johansson Susan D. , Jarden Mary , Piil Karin
Published: July 2021

Background

Patients diagnosed with high‐grade glioma and their family caregivers often experience intense disease and treatment trajectories. Fluctuations in patient's symptoms lead to enormous burdens for caregivers and the risk of developing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Aim

The study aim is to explore patient and caregiver experiences and evaluate the relevance of and satisfaction with a multimodal rehabilitative palliative care programme for patients diagnosed with a high‐grade glioma and their family caregivers.

Methods

In a longitudinal multi‐methods study, adult patients with high‐grade glioma (n = 17) and their family caregivers (n = 16) completed a 4‐day residential programme and a 2‐day follow‐up programme 3 months later. Participants completed questionnaires after each programme, scoring relevance and satisfaction on a 5‐point Likert scale. Qualitative data were collected during four evaluation group interviews with patients and caregivers.

Results

The mean overall satisfaction score was 4.80 (standard deviation [SD], 0.55) for the initial 4‐day programme and 4.28 (SD, 0.83) for the follow‐up programme. Three themes emerged in the evaluation group interviews: (1) meeting peers strengthens social well‐being, (2) the value of information and focusing on individual needs, and (3) accepting life as an unpredictable passage.

Conclusion

Participants found completing the REHPA‐HGG programme feasible and rated all sessions highly for relevance and satisfaction. Qualitative findings confirm the value of individualised information, acceptance, and peer interactions.

Implication for practice

A multimodal rehabilitative palliative care programme addressed unmet patient and caregiver needs. Peer‐to‐peer interventions for family caregivers may address individual support needs. Similar programmes may maximise benefit by avoiding planned behaviour changes and enhancing palliative approaches.
Extracting true stresses and strains from nominal stresses and strains in tensile testing
Authors: Schwab Rainer , Harter Anton
Published: July 2021

Seemingly a simple task, the extraction of the flow curve (true stress vs. true plastic strain) from nominal stresses and strains in standard tensile testing still has its unsolved points. This study addresses two of them: (i) in materials without yield point phenomenon (or generally in the region of homogeneous plastic deformation), the true stress is typically calculated assuming constant volume, ignoring the elastic volume changes. Here, we derive a set of exact analytical solutions for true stresses and strains with remarkable simplicity and beauty that fully account for the elastic volume changes. This set of exact solutions is cross‐checked by finite element simulations as well as zeroth‐ and first‐order approximations; perfect agreement has been found. (ii) In materials with a pronounced yield point phenomenon, a complicated three‐dimensional stress state inevitably arises at the edge of the Lüders bands, which masks the real (or inherent) material behaviour. To determine the real material behaviour in the Lüders region, here we use a new macroscopic analytical approach characterised by a high true upper yield point, a typical strain hardening behaviour common for many materials, and the triaxiality of the stress state that inevitably develops at the edges of the Lüders bands and that determines the stress level at the observed lower yield point. This approach is verified by experiments (including video observations as well as digital image correlation (DIC) strain distribution measurements) and finite element simulations with very good agreement.
Chemical composition of cover crops and soil organic matter pools in no‐tillage systems in the Cerrado
Authors: de Carvalho Arminda Moreira , Ribeiro Luana Ramos Passos , Marchão Robélio Leandro , de Oliveira Alexsandra Duarte , Pulrolnik Karina , de Figueiredo Cícero Célio
Published: July 2021

In no‐tillage systems (NTS), cover crops are recommended to increase the productivity of agricultural systems. Furthermore, a greater diversity of cover crops in NTS favours an increase in soil carbon (C) stocks. However, there are scarce published data on the relationship between the chemical composition of cover crops and the accumulation of labile and stable fractions of SOM. We evaluated the relationship between the chemical composition of cover crops and SOM fractions, C stocks and maize yield. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents were determined for Urochloa ruziziensis, Canavalia brasiliensis, Cajanus cajan and Sorghum bicolor, cultivated in the off‐season of maize. Canavalia brasiliensis had high N (20.96 g kg−1) and hemicellulose (185.67 g kg−1) contents, lower lignin content (39.50 g kg−1) and high dry matter yield (3,251 kg ha−1). All these characteristics resulted in a better SOM quality. Urochloa ruziziensis, with higher hemicellulose and lower lignin contents, and low lignin/N ratio, was associated with accumulation of TOC (19.95 and 18.33 g kg−1 in 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers, respectively) and mineral‐associated organic C (on average, 16.68 g kg−1) in the soil. Cover plants with N:lignin ratio lower than 2.0 are fundamental for soil C sequestration. In conclusion, it is recommended the adoption of Urochloa ruziziensis and Canavalia brasiliensis as cover plants improve maize production, soil organic matter quality and C sequestration in the Cerrado region.
Discovering experimental design: An interactive teaching exercise using Fisher'stea‐tastingexperiment
Authors: Fanshawe Thomas R.
Published: July 2021

An appreciation of experimental design is an important aspect of introductory statistics teaching in a wide range of applied disciplines, including medical statistics. Understanding the impact of design decisions on the choice of analysis method and subsequent interpretation of results can help to embed the importance of statistical thinking in the experimental process. I discuss an interactive exercise, based on R.A. Fisher's celebrated “Lady Tasting Tea” experiment, that is intended to raise awareness of design issues as part of an undergraduate statistics module. The exercise used a discovery approach, with students encouraged to identify design issues and agree on solutions themselves via small group discussion, with only low‐level prompting from the instructor. The value of this teaching style and possible extensions of the tea‐tasting experiment to other related topics suitable for more widespread use are also discussed.
The value of single or combined use of pleural fluid interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Tong Xiang , Li Zhenzhen , Zhao Junjie , Liu Sitong , Fan Hong
Published: July 2021

Objective

Tuberculous pleurisy (TP) is a common disease of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, but its diagnosis is challenging. Recently, studies have found that the pleural fluid interferon gamma release assay (PF‐IGRA) has important diagnostic value in TP, but the sample size of these studies was small, and the conclusions were inconsistent. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic value of PF‐IGRA in TP through a meta‐analysis.

Methods

We conducted a literature search in multiple databases to identify studies and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC).

Results

All 26 publications, including 30 case–control studies, were eventually included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC with their 95% confidence intervals were 0.90 (0.88–0.91), 0.87 (0.85–0.89), 7.64 (4.46–13.07), 0.13 (0.09–0.19), 65.45 (32.13–133.33) and 0.9508, respectively. The subgroup analysis suggested that the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of PF‐IGRA for TP in areas with a high tuberculosis burden were significantly higher than those in areas with a low tuberculosis burden. The sensitivity and AUC of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method were higher than those of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method for IGRA, but the specificity was similar. More importantly, PF‐IGRA combined with adenosine deaminase (ADA) could increase the diagnostic value of TP.

Conclusions

The current meta‐analysis indicated that PF‐IGRA has high diagnostic value in diagnosing TP, especially in areas with a high TB burden. We recommended that the combination of PF‐IGRA and ADA is the best way to diagnose TP.
Thinking Tools: Gestures Change Thought About Time
Authors: Tversky Barbara , Jamalian Azadeh
Published: July 2021

Our earliest tools are our bodies. Our hands raise and turn and toss and carry and push and pull, our legs walk and climb and kick allowing us to move and act in the world and to create the multitude of artifacts that improve our lives. The list of actions made by our hands and feet and other parts of our bodies is long. What is more remarkable is we turn those actions in the world into actions on thought through gestures, language, and graphics, thereby creating cognitive tools that expand the mind. The focus here is gesture; gestures transform actions on perceptible objects to actions on imagined thoughts, carrying meaning with them rapidly, precisely, and directly. We review evidence showing that gestures enhance our own thinking and change the thought of others. We illustrate the power of gestures in studies showing that gestures uniquely change conceptions of time, from sequential to simultaneous, from sequential to cyclical, and from a perspective embedded in a timeline to an external perspective looking on a timeline, and by so doing obviate the ambiguities of an embedded perspective. We draw parallels between representations in gesture and in graphics; both use marks or actions arrayed in space to communicate more immediately than symbolic language.
The effect of storage at 4°C on canine‐specific albumin on product sterility and albumin concentration
Authors: Mastrocco Alicia , Cazzolli Dava , Prittie Jennifer
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To determine if lyophilized canine‐specific albumin (CSA) can be stored beyond the manufacturer recommended 6 hours post‐reconstitution without significant concern for bacterial growth.

Design

Laboratory research.

Setting

Large private teaching hospital.

Interventions

Six bottles of lyophilized CSA were retrieved from a medical grade (4°C) refrigerator and were reconstituted with 0.9% NaCl to a 5% solution. Time to complete dissolution of all bottles at room temperature without agitation was recorded in minutes. A 1.5‐mL sample was collected from each bottle at the following time points: time 0 (at the time of complete dissolution), and then 6, 12, and 24 hours after removal from 4°C. Each aliquot was inoculated into a blood culture tube and was immediately submitted for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture. A positive and negative control were cultured at the 24‐hour time point. At each time point, an additional 0.5‐mL aliquot from each albumin bottle was collected, and these were combined to determine the average albumin concentration (g/L, g/dL) as measured by an in‐house analyzer. The albumin was stored at 4°C between sample collection.

Measurements and Main Results

The reconstitution of CSA and storage at 4°C for up to 24 hours did not result in anaerobic or aerobic bacterial growth in any of the 24 cultured samples. Storage did not have a clinically significant effect on the albumin concentration of the solution. The average albumin concentration of all samples was 42 g/L (4.2 g/dL). No growth was noted in the negative control, and the positive control grew 4 strains of bacteria.

Conclusions

It appears safe to use lyophilized CSA up to 24 hours post‐reconstitution without significant risk of bacterial growth or change in albumin concentration.
Thoracoscopic detection of thoracic ducts after ultrasound‐guided intrahepatic injection of indocyanine green detected by near‐infrared fluorescence and methylene blue in dogs
Authors: Korpita Megan F. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Steffey Michele A. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Chohan Amandeep S. , Johnson Eric G.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To describe and compare onset and intensity of thoracic duct (TD) coloration in healthy dogs after intrahepatic injection of either indocyanine green (ICG) visualized by intraoperative near‐infrared fluorescence lymphography (NIRFL) or direct thoracoscopic visualization of methylene blue dye (MB).

Study Design

Prospective study.

Animals

Healthy adult Beagle dogs (n = 5).

Methods

All dogs had biochemical panels and complete blood counts preoperatively. Computed tomography lymphography (CTL) was performed prior to a standard 3‐port thoracoscopic approach. A mixture of MB and ICG was injected by ultrasound‐guided percutaneous injection into right or left‐sided hepatic lobes. Data collected included dose of contrast agent (MB vs. ICG), injection site, timing, and quality of operative TD identification. Potential hepatic injury was assessed by repeat laboratory evaluation and abdominal ultrasound 14 days postoperatively.

Results

Preoperative CTL provided a diagnostic study in 5/5 dogs. After intrahepatic injection of combined dyes, NIRFL allowed visualization of TDs in 5/5 dogs, but MB did not result in visible TD coloration in any dog. Intrahepatic injection of ICG achieved successful NIRFL in a median time of 6 minutes and persisted for the 20 minute observation period in all five dogs. All dogs recovered without complication and were subsequently adopted.

Conclusion

NIRFL of the TD can be achieved with intraoperative hepatic injection of ICG. Intrahepatic injection of MB did not result in visible TD coloration.

Clinical Significance

Hepatic intra‐parenchymal injection is a reliable alternative portal into the TD system for intraoperative visualization of TD anatomy using ICG in dogs.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Neonatal Project ECHO (NeoECHO) as a Dissemination and Implementation Strategy to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Gephart Sheila M. , Newnam Katherine , Weiss Alyssa , Wyles Christina , Shea Kimberly
Published: July 2021

Background

Caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often determine care practices in silos, although access to learning communities can improve quality. Project ECHO, a telehealth–delivered mentoring intervention, provides specialists’ expertise but not in the NICU until now. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) prevention and timely recognition is one area where specialist support and engaging with a learning community could improve outcomes. NEC‐Zero is one care bundle that aims to improve care quality by providing tools to implement NEC prevention in family‐engaged ways.

Aims

To examine the feasibility and acceptability of NeoECHO to disseminate NEC‐Zero education and describe the intentions of internal facilitators (IFs) and clinicians to initiate quality improvement changes.

Methods

This was a convergent mixed‐methods study. Our team delivered the first neonatal adaptation of Project ECHO called “NeoECHO” to leverage facilitation as an implementation strategy to disseminate NEC‐Zero evidence and support practice change.

Results

Six IFs and seven NICUs participated. All units and IFs that began the series finished it. Of the 261 session attendees, 206 (79%) study evaluations were completed. Of those who completed evaluations, 89 (100%) completed at least one session and 29 (33%) completed three or more. Satisfaction was high. Participants appreciated the engaged and accessible format to learn from experts using real case examples and didactic sessions. Individuals and IFs reported intentions to adopt evidence based on NeoECHO.

Linking Evidence to Action

NeoECHO was an acceptable and feasible way to engage under‐resourced NICUs and share NEC‐Zero evidence and tools. More research is needed to examine the impact of NeoECHO on care processes and patient outcomes.
Vision while the eyes move: Getting the full picture
Authors: Fabius Jasper H. , Van der Stigchel Stefan
Published: July 2021

Visual information is continuously sampled from our environment, even as the eyes move, which helps the visual system create a stable view of the world.
Alternative cause for hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parmar Viraj , Sritharan Vasanth , Lawrence Christopher , Dhere Archana
Published: July 2021

We present a case of a 73-year-old woman who developed recurrent hypoglycaemia during a prolonged hospital stay following a mechanical fall. She had a complex history of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, diffuse systemic cutaneous sclerosis, Raynaud’s disease, previous breast cancer, Barrett’s oesophagus and previous partial gastrectomy for a benign mass. Hypoglycaemia persisted despite weaning of insulin. She had no clinical features of adrenal or pituitary insufficiency with an acceptable cortisol on stopping prednisolone and had an optimal thyroid replacement. A 72-hour fast elicited hypoglycaemia with corresponding low insulin level. Although the C-peptide was detectable, there were no clinical, biochemical or radiological features suggestive of insulinoma. Reactive hypoglycaemia post partial gastrectomy was ruled out based on limited relation of the hypoglycaemia to meals and the low insulin levels. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-induced hypoglycaemia was considered based on previous case reports and the recent literature, with a successful resolution of hypoglycaemia on discontinuation of HCQ.
Death from COVID-19 in a Hispanic postpartum woman and review of the literature
Authors: Mydam Janardhan , Younes Laila , Siddiqui Mohammed , Tarsha Thana
Published: July 2021

There is still much we do not know about the impact of COVID-19 on the health of pregnant and postpartum women and pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that there is biological plausibility for worse outcomes among this population. This case report details the clinical care given to a postpartum Hispanic and obese woman diagnosed with COVID-19 in April 2020. We report the care she and her newborn received and her progression through the virus. We discuss the current knowledge surrounding COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women. While research supports COVID-19 outcomes being comparable to the general population, there is limited research in this area. Clinical trials, acting on the side of caution, have tended to exclude pregnant women from participation. Therefore, there is a need for further research that can inform evidence-based policy decisions related to COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women.