bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic life support knowledge of family medicine residents at joint program of family medicine in Jeddah Saudi Arabia, 2017
Authors: Fatani Ammar A. , Johani Nayef Al , Ibrahim Adel M.
Published: May 2019

Background: Healthcare professionals are expected to have adequate knowledge of basic and advanced cardiac life support to revive unresponsive patients. Little is known about that in health care professionals in Saudi Arabia.Methods: we conducted this study in the joint program of family medicine to evaluate knowledge of physicians about basic life support, and to identify factors associated with the differences in their knowledge. Through a cross-sectional analytic study, all physicians in the Joint Program of Family Medicine in Jeddah were included in the study. For collection of data, a validated self-administered questionnaire was used.Results: Out of responding physicians (n=150), females constituted 117 (78%), their mean age accounted for 27.3±2.2 years. all physicians (99.3%) reported that they had attended BLS courses before. Out of a maximum of “13”, the mean score of correct answers accounted for 6.2±1.6, only 18.7% of the physicians achieved above average scores. Only qualification had statistically significant impact on the level of knowledge, the average score percentage was higher among those who have MBBS qualification only compared to their colleagues who have postgraduate degrees (48.3%±11.57% vs 39.2%±13.78%) p<0.05.Conclusions: Physicians in the Joint Program of Family Medicine have deficient level of knowledge about BLS, despite of their previous BLS training. Frequent training is strongly recommended to sustain adequate level of knowledge about BLS.
Results of percutaneous release of stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger) using hypodermic needle
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Muzzafar Khalid , Tasaduq Irfan , Bijyal Arpan
Published: May 2019

Background: Stenosing tenosynovitis or trigger finger is a common condition affecting finger function, which can lead to disability in hand function. Treatment in form of conservative can be helpful in early stages, however later stages and chronic triggering needs release of A1 pulley either by open or percutaneous methods. The aim of this study was to find the results of percutaneous release of trigger finger with 18 guage needle.

Methods: 43 digits in 36 patients were enrolled for this prospective study in a district level hospital over a 2 year period. Release was done under local anaesthesia using 18 guage needle percutaneously. Follow up was done upto 6 months. Final scoring was done at 6 months using Quinell’s criteria.

Results: We had 81.39% (35 out of 43) excellent to good results. 19.61% (8) needed open release. We had no neurovascular injury or infection in our series.

Conclusions: Percutaneous release by 18 guage needle is safe and effective treatment for trigger finger without much complication.
An orientation to be a good millennial Muslims: state and the politics of naming in islamizing Java
Authors: Askuri Askuri , Kuipers Joel C
Published: May 2019

Traditionally, Javanese names pretend to be social classifications (priyayi class, santri class, abangan class, lower class, noble class, etc.) and as a marker of time or condition when they were born. In the last 30 years, however, the naming tradition has been increasingly abandoned by a new generation of parents in Java by taking on new names that have never existed in Javanese treasury of names: its linguistic variation is wider and has a future-oriented meaning for their children. Does the shift of meaning in naming have a close connection with Islamization in Java, since this change involves a large number of Arabic names which are one of the Islamic registers in this country? With a naming approach that processed almost one million names from Bantul, this research proves clearly about the indirect role of the state in the growth of Islamic orientation of new generation of parents in Java. They want to connect the future of their children with Islam. Millennial Muslims generation has been indirectly shaped by this new generation of parents through naming, in which new world that parents want to build for their children is linked to Islam through the Arabic names that have the orientation to become a good Muslim in the millennial era. Secara tradisional, nama-nama Jawa bisa menjadi penanda klasifikasi sosial (kelas priyayi, kelas santri, kelas abangan, kelas bawah, kelas bangsawan, dan lain-lain), sekaligus sebagai penanda waktu atau kondisi ketika mereka dilahirkan. Namun, dalam 30 tahun terakhir, tradisi penamaan tersebut semakin ditinggalkan oleh generasi baru orang tua di Jawa dengan menggunakan nama-nama baru yang tidak pernah ada dalam perbendaharaan nama Jawa: variasi linguistiknya lebih luas dan memiliki makna berorientasi masa depan. Apakah pergeseran makna dalam penamaan memiliki hubungan yang dekat dengan Islamisasi di Jawa, mengingat perubahan ini melibatkan sejumlah besar nama Arab yang merupakan salah satu register keislaman di negeri ini? Dengan pendekatan penamaan yang memproses hampir sejuta nama penduduk di Kabupaten Bantul, penelitian ini membuktikan dengan jelas tentang peran negara secara tidak langsung dalam pertumbuhan orientasi keislaman generasi baru orangtua di Jawa. Mereka ingin menghubungkan masa depan anak-anak mereka dengan Islam. Generasi Muslim milenial telah secara tidak langsung dibentuk oleh generasi baru orang tua ini melalui penamaan, di mana dunia baru yang mereka inginkan untuk anak-anak mereka terkait dengan Islam melalui nama-nama Arab yang memiliki orientasi untuk menjadi Muslim yang baik di era milenial.
Determination of Effective Criteria and Prioritization of Emergency Situations in a Petrochemical Industry
Authors: ABBASSINIA Marzieh , KALATPOUR Omid , SOLTANIAN Ali Reza , MOHAMMADFAM Iraj , GANJIPOUR Mohammad
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The number of emergency situations is high in petrochemical industry. These situations cause devastating injuries and loss and a lot of time, cost, facilities, and resources are needed to control all of them. Selection and prioritization of emergencies are important to take the corrective actions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective criteria in selection of emergency situations and to provide an approach for prioritization of emergency situations based on the defined criteria in petrochemical industries.
Methods: This qualitative and applied study was conducted in a petrochemical complex in 2018. The Delphi technique was used to identify and prioritize the appropriate criteria. In the next step, a table was designed to score the emergencies.
Results: The most important criteria for selection of hazardous emergencies were the damage severity, probability of occurrence, loss or disruptions in production, spatial context of accident, and social effects. The most important emergencies in the industry included fires and explosions in gas discharging units, chemical storage places, and pressurized equipment containing butadiene.
Conclusion: Using this approach, high-priority emergencies were identified. This helps managers to plan control measures, analyze these emergencies, and respond to them in order to prevent crisis.
DISPENSA DE LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL PARA ATIVIDADES RURAIS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: SUPORTE TEÓRICO PARA UM DISCURSO ARGUMENTATIVO
Authors: Vampré Spencer , Medina Patrícia
Published: May 2019

Trata-se de resultado de pesquisa descritiva, que objetivou oferecer suporte teórico e argumentação jurídica para futuras decisões judiciais, a partir da alteração legislativa promovida pela Lei nº 2.713/13, de 9 de maio de 2013, no âmbito do Estado do Tocantins, que promoveu a dispensa de licenciamento ambiental para o exercício de atividades agrossilvipastoris, na contramão da histórica evolução do tratamento conferido ao tema. O artigo foi construído a partir de coleta de dados próprios da pesquisa bibliográfica, apresentados a partir de cronologia histórica, mediante constatação de que os temas relacionados ao meio ambiente sempre rondaram a pauta político-administrativa brasileira, desde a Colônia. No período republicano, vieram as primeiras codificações ambientais nacionais, a adesão às convenções internacionais e a instituição da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, pavimentando o caminho para a atual realidade brasileira, de ampla proteção constitucional ao equilíbrio ecológico. Entretanto, algumas políticas públicas locais ainda se contrapõem a esse contexto histórico, como a ocorrida com a entrada em vigor da referida Lei Estadual, submetida à análise, neste trabalho, sob os enfoques argumentativos constitucional, ético e do direito penal, essenciais para o enfrentamento judicial da dispensa de licenciamento ambiental por ela introduzida.
Investigation of Gold Electrodes Surface Condition of Plasma Reactor
Authors: Gnapowski Sebastian , Kalinowska-Ozgowicz Elżbieta , Sniadkowski Mariusz , Pietraszek Aleksandra
Published: May 2019

During the long-term operation of the plasma reactor, decreases in the plasma concentration were noticed despite the constant maintenance of all parameters. One of the factors is the decrease of the nitrogen content on the surface of the electrode, in order to eliminate it, the supply voltage has been increased to 11 kV. The next decisive factor in the decrease of plasma concentration is the oxidation of the electrode surface, therefore two electrodes were used: first one with solid gold and the other one copper covered with galvanized gold with a thickness of 10 μm. During the experiment, a large decrease in plasma concentration was observed when the electrode coated by gold was used. High-energy electrons have knocked out the gold atoms from the electrode, as a result of which the gold evaporated and the raids layers formed. After a month of working of the electrodes, metallographic researches were carried out, the results of which are described in this publication.
Machine Vision System for Counting Small Metal Parts in Electro-Deposition Industry
Authors: Furferi Rocco , Governi Lapo , Puggelli Luca , Servi Michaela , Volpe Yary
Published: May 2019

In the fashion field, the use of electroplated small metal parts such as studs, clips and buckles is widespread. The plate is often made of precious metal, such as gold or platinum. Due to the high cost of these materials, it is strategically relevant and of primary importance for manufacturers to avoid any waste by depositing only the strictly necessary amount of material. To this aim, Companies need to be aware of the overall number of items to be electroplated so that it is possible to properly set the parameters driving the galvanic process. Accordingly, the present paper describes a Machine Vision-based method able to automatically count small metal parts arranged on a galvanic frame. The devised method relies on the definition of a proper acquisition system and on the development of image processing-based routines. Such a system is then implemented on a counting machine is meant to be adopted in the galvanic industrial practice to properly define a suitable set or working parameters (such as current, voltage and deposition time) for the electroplating machine and, thereby, to assure the desired plate thickness from one side and to avoid material waste on the other.
Robot Path Planning Agent for Evaluating Collaborative Machine Behavior
Authors: Ma Baoping , Yang Haoyue , Wei Jingcheng , Meng Qingmin
Published: May 2019

We first review the literature on machine behavior which may contain the interaction between machines, and then discuss the methodology and the related case involving collaboration between robots to instantiate the concept with AI empowerment. The navigation case aims to a security application with autonomous control and roadside agent embedded in a mobile edge computing structure. In the studied navigation based on the artificial potential field method, robots need to use position information to calculate the moving direction frequently. In the case of high motion speed as well as GPS positioning error, the path trajectory may show a sharp change of direction. In order to mitigate the trajectory oscillation, this paper proposes a path planning design where training process and motion direction prediction are integrated by using artificial neural network. The auxiliary navigation agent near multiple obstacles can first extract the past movement information of the robot and then determines whether there is a serious path jitter event. Computer simulation analysis shows that the combination of autonomous control and cooperative behavior can effectively reduce the path jitter so as to achieve a fast and safe path planning.
Emergent Challenges for Science Suas Data Management: Fairness through Community Engagement and Best Practices Development
Authors: Wyngaard Jane , Barbieri Lindsay , Thomer Andrea , Adams Josip , Sullivan Don , Parr Cynthia , Raj Shrestha Sudhir , Crosby Christopher , Klump Jens , Bell Tom
Published: May 2019

The use of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS ) as platforms for data capture has rapidly increased in recent years. However, while there has been significant investment in improving the aircraft, sensors, operations, and legislation infrastructure for such, little attention has been paid to supporting the management of the complex data capture pipeline sUAS involve. This paper reports on the outcomes of a four-year-long community-engagement-based investigation into what tools, practices, and challenges currently exist for particularly researchers using sUAS as data capture platforms. The key results of this effort are: (1) sUAS captured data – as a set that is rapidly growing to include data in a wide range of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Engineering Disciplines, and many civil and commercial use cases – is characterised as both sharing many traits with traditional remote sensing data and also as exhibiting – as common across the spectrum of disciplines and use cases – novel characteristics that require novel data support infrastructure. And (2), given this characterization of sUAS data and its potential value in the identified wide variety of use case, we outline eight challenges that need to be addressed in order for the full value of sUAS captured data to be realized. We then conclude that there would be significant value gained and costs saved across both commercial and academic sectors if the global sUAS user and data management communities were to address these challenges in the immediate to near future, so as to extract the maximal value of sUAS captured data for the lowest long-term effort and monetary cost.
Melanopsin+RGCs Are Fully Resistant to NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity
Authors: Vidal-Villegas Beatriz , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Juan Antonio , Ortín-Martínez Arturo , Nadal-Nicolás Francisco Manuel , Bernal-Garro Jose Manuel , Cuenca Navarro Nicolás , Villegas-Pérez María Paz , Vidal-Sanz Manuel
Published: May 2019

We studied short- and long-term effects of intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on melanopsin-containing (m+) and non-melanopsin-containing (Brn3a+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In adult SD-rats, the left eye received  a single intravitreal injection of 5µL of 100nM NMDA. At 3 and 15 months, retinal thickness was measured in vivo using SD-OCT.  Ex vivo analyses were done at 3, 7, 14 days or 15 months after damage. Whole-mounted retinas were immunolabelled for Brn3a and melanopsin, the total number of Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs were quantified and their topography represented. In control retinas, the mean total numbers of Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs were 78,903±3,572 and 2,358±144 (mean ± SD; n=10), respectively. In the NMDA injected retinas, Brn3a+RGCs numbers diminished to 50% and 25%, at 3 and 14 days, respectively, but there was no further loss up to 15 months. The number of immunoidentified m+RGCs decreased significantly at 3 days, recovered between 3-7 days and was back to normal thereafter. OCT measurements revealed a significant thinning of the left retinas at 3 and 15 months. Intravitreal injections of NMDA induce a rapid loss of 75% of Brn3a+RGCs, a transient downregulation of melanopsin expression but not m+RGC death, and a thinning of the inner retinal layers.
Communicating Health Information at the End of Life: The Carers’ Perspective
Authors: Ibañez-Masero Olivia , Carmona-Rega Inés María , Ruiz-Fernández María Dolores , Ortiz-Amo Rocío , Cabrera-Troya José , Ortega-Galán Ángela María
Published: May 2019

Health information and communication are key elements that allow patients and family members to make decisions about  end-of-life process and guarantee a death with dignity. Objective: To understand carers’ experiences regarding health information and communication during the illness and death of family members. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Andalusia based on the paradigm of hermeneutic phenomenology. Participants were carers who had accompanied a family member at the end of life for over 2 months and less than 2 years. Five nominal groups and 5 discussion groups were established, and 41 in-depth interviews with 123 participants were conducted. Atlas.ti 7.0 software was used to analyse the discourses. Results: Four dimensions of the dying process emerged: differences in carers’ perceptions of information and communication, a conspiracy of silence, consequences of the absence or presence of information, and the need for a culture change. Conclusions: Poor management of health information and communication at the end of life suffering and discomfort patients and their families. The culture of denying and avoiding death is still present today. A change in education about death would better enable health professionals to care for patients at the end of life.
The Influence and Interaction of Tobacco-Related Information Exposure on Youth Smoking Behavior and Smoking Susceptibility: Sex and School Type Difference
Authors: Zhu Jingfen , Li Jiahui , He Yaping , Li Na , Xu Gang , Yu Jinming
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the influence and interaction of tobacco promotional and control information with adolescents’ current smoking and smoking susceptibility. 12,278 students were recruited from junior, senior and vocational high schools located in Shanghai, China. The exposure to tobacco promotional and control message of participants over the past 30 days were examined, as well as current smoking and never smokers’ initiation susceptibility. Complex sample analysis was applied. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. 89.3% and 91.5% of adolescents investigated were exposed to tobacco promotional and control message respectively, which separately increased and decreased the risk of current smoking and never-smokers’ smoking susceptibility, especially among males and junior high school students. The risk changed in consistency with the exposure level（Ptrend < 0.001）. Tobacco control message seemed to mitigate the influence of tobacco promotions in the risk of both current smoking (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.41–0.99) and smoking susceptibility (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.46–0.93). Tobacco-related message exposure was highly prevalent and associated with youth smoking risk and smoking susceptibility. It is important to enhance the comprehensiveness and enforcement of promotion bans. Given the improvement of tobacco control message on smoking risk brought by tobacco promotions, the publicity and dissemination of tobacco control information need to be consistently strengthened.
Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel
Authors: Tian Qianren , Wang Guocheng , Yuan Xinghu , Wang Qi , Sridhar Seetharaman
Published: May 2019

Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCx precipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C, therefore, MCx can precipitate on the surface of TiN easily, its chemistry component consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by a large number of precipitated MCx particles.
Is Perceived Exertion an Useful Indicator of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Response to Metabolic Conditioning of Functional-Fitness Session? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alsamir Tibana Ramires , Manuel Frade de Sousa Nuno , Prestes Jonato , da Cunha Nascimento Dahan , Ernesto Carlos , Falk Neto Joao Henrique , Kennedy Michael , Azevedo Voltarelli Fabrício
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess if self-regulation of intensity based on rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a reliable method to control the intensity of metabolic conditioning of functional-fitness session. In addition, the relationship between RPE and changes in heart rate and lactate responses was also analyzed. Eight male participants (age 28.1 ± 5.4 years; body mass 77.2 ± 4.4kg; VO2max: 52.6 ± 4.6 mL·(kg·min)−1) completed three randomly sessions (5 to 7 days apart) under different conditions: (1) all-out (ALL); (2) self-regulation of intensity based on a RPE of 6 (hard) on the Borg CR-10 scale (RPE6); and (3) a control session. Rate of perceived exertion, LAC and HR response were measured pre, during and immediately after the sessions. The RPE and LAC during the ALL-OUT sessions were higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the RPE6 and control sessions for all the analyzed time points during the sessions. Regarding HR, the 22 min area under the curve of HR during ALL-OUT and RPE6 sessions were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the control session. The average number of repetitions was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for the RPE6 session (190.5 ± 12.5 repetitions) when compared to the ALL session (214.4 ± 18.6 repetitions). There was a significant correlation between RPE and LAC (p = 0.001; r = 0.76; very large) and number of repetitions during the session (p = 0.026; r = 0.55; large). No correlation was observed between RPE and HR (p = 0.147; r = 0.380). These results indicate that self-regulation of intensity of effort based on RPE may be a useful tool to control exercise intensity during a metabolic conditioning session of functional-fitness.
Iterative Positioning Algorithm of the Target Node Based on Distance Correction in WSN
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Shixin , Ouyang Mingsan , Chen Yudi , Xuan Yuting
Published: May 2019

The node position information is critical in the wireless sensor network (WSN). However, the existing positioning algorithms commonly have low positioning accuracy because of noise interferences in communication. To solve this problem, this paper presents an iterative positioning model based on distance correction to improve the positioning accuracy of the target node in WSN. First, the log-distance distribution model of received signal strength indication (RSSI) ranging is built and the noise impact factor is derived based on the model. Second, the initial position coordinates of the target node are obtained based on the triangle centroid localization algorithm, thereby calculating the distance deviation coefficient under the influence of noise. Then, the ratio of the distance measured by the log-normal distribution model to the median distance deviation coefficient is taken as the new distance between the anchor node and the target node. Based on the new distance, the triangular centroid positioning algorithm is used again to calculate the target node coordinates. Finally, the iterative positioning model is constructed, and the distance deviation coefficient is updated repeatedly to update the positioning result until the set number of iterations is reached. Experiment results show that the proposed iterative positioning model can improve positioning accuracy effectively.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF OBSERVATION REPORT WRITING SKILL THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING MODEL (CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH IN THE FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SURAKARTA STATE PRIMARY SCHOOL AT 2017/2018 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Kusumastuti Sulistya Ardiani Ardiani , Yulianti Yulianti , Markamah Endang Sri
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research is to improve the observation report writing skill by applying Experiential Learning model. This form of research is a classroom action research conducted two cycles. Each cycles consist of two times and each times consist of four phases, they are planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data collecting technique are interview, observation, documentation, and test. The data validity technique og the research is content validity. The data analysis technique is interactive analysis model (Mile & Huberman). The result of this research, shows that the application of Experiential Learning models that can improve the observation report writing skill. Applying Experiential Learning model appropritate with the teoritical study that the has been done for twi cycles could improve the skill of observation report writing skill by applying Experiential Learning model on the fifth grade students of Tegalsari No.60 Surakarta state primary school at 2017/2018 academic year.
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA IN LEARNING BASED ON DISRUPTION ERA AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Widyawulandari Rizki , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Indriayu Mintasihu
Published: May 2019

The disruption era is defined as the time when so many innovations are emerging, unrecognized by established organizations that they interfere with the activities of the old system's order or even destroy the old system. The world of education must also be ready in the face of this disruption era, especially in the era of increasingly advanced technology. One of the efforts in the development of learning-based disrupted era, especially in primary school is the use of interactive multimedia. With the steps and processes of using the right interactive multimedia, using interactive multimedia as a message media will stimulate the thoughts, feelings, concerns and desires of students so as to encourage more interactive and communicative learning process and can improve the learning experience of students become more concrete. The research method used is qualitative with case study design where researchers collect and analyze data about the use of interactive multimedia in primary school. The results revealed that interactive multimedia is considered important in the effort of IT utilization in learning in disruption era but there are still many teachers who have not realized and apply it.
STRATEGI KOPING PADA PELANGGAR QANUN JINAYAH DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Ghiffari Affan Maulana , Nisa Haiyun
Published: May 2019

Qanun Jinayah violators who are serve a period of detention experience various psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, phobias, and anti-social personality. To be able deal with these various problems, Qanun Jinayat violators need a coping strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of coping strategies in Qanun Jinayat violators in terms of gender. The sample in this study consisted of 13 male and 13 female who violated Qanun Jinayat in several prison in Aceh province. To identify coping strategies used by Jinayat lawbreakers, researcher used the WCCL-ASIAN scale with results of data analysis showed p = 0,588 for problem focused coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,551 for seek social support coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,231 for blame self coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,300 for wishful thinking coping strategies, and results data analysis shows p = 0,036 for avoidance coping strategies. The results showed that there were no differences in problem focused, seek social support, blame self, and wishful thinking coping strategies, but there are difference in avoidance coping strategies for Qanun Jinayah violators, both male and female.
Global Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumanniA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: pormohammad ali , Mohtavinejad Naser , Gholizadeh Pourya , dadashi Masoud , Karimaei Samira , Safari Hossein , Azadbakht Mohammad , Azimi Taher
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Acinetobacter baumannii antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern in developing and developed countries, especially in hospital setting. Understanding the antibiotic resistance profile can be helpful in providing better guidelines for prescription of appropriate antibiotics, reduction of antibiotic resistance, and introducing new and effective treatment options.

Method

Using the PRISMA guidelines, databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched systematically from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2018. All statistical analyses were carried out via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Depending on the heterogeneity test, either random or fix effect models were used for determining the pooled prevalence of drug resistance.

Result

A total of 150 studies were included from 41 countries of six different WHO regional offices worldwide. The highest and the lowest rate of resistance were observed for cefotaxim (99%, 95% CI: 95-99.9) in Africa and for colistin (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.3-4.5) in Western Pacific, respectively. Lebanon (17.5%, 95% CI: 16-19) and China (12%, 95% CI: 3.5-32.5) had the highest and Germany (0.2%, 95% CI: 0-2.5) had the lowest rate of resistance for colistin.

Conclusion

Our analysis showed that prevalence and rate of increased colistin resistance in South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean countries are higher than other regions of the world. Therefore, establishment of appropriate antibiotic usage guidelines should be essential in these countries.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and invasive cervical cancer among Hakka women in southern China
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Weng Ruiqiang , Liu Jing , Liu Sudong
Published: May 2019

Background: To investigate HPV genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) among Hakka women in southern China. Methods: Results of HPV genotypes from women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were collected from January, 2017 to December, 2018. HPV genotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry method. Association of HPV infection and lesions severity was estimated using prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Overall, 1,408 Hakka women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were enrolled in this study. HPV infection prevalence was 92.92% in CIN2, 95.77% in CIN3 and 95.88% in ICC. Most frequent genotypes for CIN2 were HPV52 (31.42%), HPV16 (22.12%) and HPV58 (22.12%); for CIN3 were HPV16 (41.90%), HPV52 (20.77%) and HPV58 (18.31%); and for ICC were HPV16 (49.67%), HPV18 (11.25%) and HPV52 (9.80%). PR of HPV16 and HPV33 were significantly higher in CIN3 compared with CIN2 (PR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.598-3.524; PR = 2.577, 95%CI = 1.250-5.310; respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 prevalence were significantly increasing in SCC compared with CIN3 (PR = 2.517, 95%CI = 1.095-5.786; PR = 2.473, 95%CI = 1.840-3.324; respectively). Most HPV infections were found in women aged 40 – 49 years in CIN2/3 and women aged 50 - 59 years in ICC. Conclusions: This is the first study of genotypes and age specific distribution of HPV infection among Hakka women with CIN2/3 and ICC in southern China. Our results provide available information for HPV vaccine development in China.
A Experimentação no Foco da Aprendizagem: Ensinando Eletroquímica de Forma Fácil e Barata
Authors: Correia Queiroz da Silva Ana Clara , Maia de Oliveira Byanca Milla , R. Magalhães Francisco Gutemberg , Gomes do Nascimento Francisco Mateus , Girão Jardel Soares , De Almeida José Wagner , Portela Rafael Ribeiro
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho aborda um estudo de eletroquímica a partir do uso de matérias de baixos custos nas construções de pilhas, tendo como fogo a potencialização da aprendizagem dos alunos do Ensino Médio. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados colhidos na aplicação de uma abordagem centrada numa perspectiva construtivista, em que o aluno, em contato com experimentos em sala de aula, mostrou uma possível potencialização na sua aprendizagem em Química. O trabalho foi desenvolvido numa escola da Rede Estadual do Município de Quixadá-CE – Escola de Ensino Médio Coronel Virgílio Távora – com duas turmas de 2o ano. Foram aplicada uma aula experimental para uma das turmas selecionadas, onde os alunos montaram e executarem um experimento. Em uma outra turma, utilizada como controle, trabalhou-seo mesmo conteúdo, porém utilizando apenas a metodologia tradicional – aula expositiva. Como método de avalição, foi utilizado um questionário–método comparado –, buscando identificar as similitudes e diferençasna eficácia da aprendizagem dos alunos a partir das metodologias aplicadas.Os resultados apresentaram queo uso de experimentos em sala de aula eleva o desempenho dos alunos quando comparados a aulas de cunho apenas teórico. Entretanto, vale ressaltar que, para ser efetiva, toda metodologia deve ser bem planejada,a fim de que se adeque à realidade escolar.
Produção de Exsicatas como Auxílio para o Ensino de Botânica na Escola
Authors: Silva José Joedson Lima , Cavalcante Francisco Lucas Pacheco , Xavier Vinicius Facundo , Gouveia Luciana de Freitas Patriota
Published: May 2019

Para um bom aproveitamento do ensino de botânica nas escolas, faz-se necessário o uso de ferramentas didáticas que valorizem o cotidiano e os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos sobre as plantas da sua região. Na busca por metodologias alternativas que possam despertar o interesse e a participação dos alunos no processo de aprendizagem, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo tornar o estudo de botânica na escola mais atrativo e colaborativo ao propor a confecção de exsicatas. Exsicatas são amostras de plantas que são coletadas, prensadas e desidratadas que servem aos botânicos para estudos sobre a morfologia e a sistemática vegetal. Diante disso, acreditamos que as exsicatas podem funcionar como material didático complementar às aulas de botânica e tornar o aprendizado mais próximo à realidade do estudante. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante uma disciplina eletiva de botânica ofertada em uma escola de ensino médio do município de Jaguaribe, Ceará. Quanto ao procedimento utilizado na coleta de dados, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como sendo do tipo experimental e dividida em quatro etapas: 1) aulas teóricas sobre estruturas vegetais; 2) aula de campo para coleta de material botânico; 3) preparação de exsicatas; 4) aplicação de questionário. Ao analisar o questionário, a maioria das respostas apontou que o ensino de botânica é mais atrativo e compreensivo quando são propostas atividades colaborativas, tais como a produção de exsicatas, sendo assim possível associar teoria e prática. Conclui-se que quanto mais contextualizado e coparticipativo for o ensino, mais próximo estaremos de uma aprendizagem significativa.
Pibid: Divisor de Águas no Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do IFCE – Campus Crateús e na Formação Profissional dos Docentes nos Sertões de Crateús
Authors: Araújo Júnior Oscar Soares , Macedo Neri Antonio Avelar , Chagas Gomes Antonia Dália , Dutra de Quadro Silva Renata
Published: May 2019

O curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do IFCE, nos Sertões de Crateús, nasce para tentar suprir inúmeras lacunas educacionais, em especial no que se refere à formação de professores, que segundo o INEP (2004) dos 48.717 matriculados, apenas 8.740 concluíram; e a qualidade do ensino é bastante comprometida. Segundo os documentos normativos do curso, a licenciatura tem como objetivo formar profissionais competentes para o magistério, em especial na educação básica. Numa construção permanente, alinhando os conhecimentos científicos ao exercício da cidadania. Nessa tríade: acesso, permanência e profissionalização; resolvemos investigar se o Programa (PIBID), enquanto política pública contribui para quê os envolvidos no programa tenham tido êxito enquanto acadêmico e posteriormente como (inserção) profissional no magistério. A investigação proposta é de cunho quali-quantitativa e teve início com estudos sobre formação de professores, políticas públicas (PIBID), dados dos estudantes e concludentes do curso de matemática ao longo dos últimos 5 anos, e posteriormente sua inserção no mercado de trabalho. Após realizada a pesquisa de campo, constatamos que o programa, é determinante para a permanência, conclusão/ formação e profissionalização docente.
Thematic Content Analysis of Studies Using Generalizability Theory
Authors: TAŞDELEN TEKER Gülşen , GÜLER Neşe
Published: May 2019

One
of the important theories in education and psychology is Generalizability (G)
Theory and various properties distinguish it from the other measurement
theories. To better understand methodological trends of G theory, a thematic
content analysis was conducted. This study analyzes the studies using
generalizability theory in the field of education in Turkey by using the method
of thematic content analysis. It reviews 60 studies, including 31 articles and
29 theses published from 2004 to 2017. The selected studies underwent thematic
content analysis using parameters including tagged information, aim, G Theory
type, number of facets used in the study, Turkish word for “facet,” object of
measurement, sample size, design type, mixed-design availability, shared results
of G and D studies, computer programs, method of calculating negative variance,
availability of fixed facets, and design balance. The data were interpreted on
the basis of frequencies; both table and figures are included in the study.
According to the results, there is an increase in the number of studies
conducted by using G theory by years. Of these, many compare theories; most of
them applying univariate G Theory and consider two-faceted measurement
situations. While a small subset of studies features mixed design, a large
group features crossed design, with individuals as the object of measurement.
The computer program most commonly used in analyses is EduG. The majority of
studies use balanced design. Recommendations are provided accordingly with the
results.
Using the step by step models to evaluate field application uniformity of subsurface drip irrigation systems
Authors: Ghazouani Hiba , Latrech Basma , Amel Mguidich Belhaj , Douh Boutheina M. , Issam Ghazouani , Boujelben Abdelhamid
Published: May 2019

Compared to other irrigation methods, drip irrigation systems (DI) are considered one of the most efficient form of irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation allowed reducing water losses by evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation comparing to other irrigation systems supplying water on soil surface. Field evaluation of Uniformity of water applications and its stability, however, are still a matter of controversy and deserve more investigation, since the collection of water discharged needs to excavate the soil around the emitters. Experiments carried out at the Department of Rural and Agrifood Engineering of Polytechnic University of Valencia allowed describing a methodology to assess the performance of drip irrigation through hydraulic characterizations and an emission uniformity coefficient, using the step by step models. Calculations evidenced that operating pressures on emitters ranged between 127.6 kPa and 131.7 kPa, whereas the corresponding flow rates varied from 4.00 L/h and 4.07 L/h, with an average value of 4.02 L/h. Variability in the emitters’ flow rate resulted very limited due to the short length of the lateral (25.6 m). However, more attention should be paid to this for a longer field dimensions. Consequently, the value of emission uniformity coefficient was equal to 96.3%, testifying the uniform water distribution within the sub-plot.
Estimation of the source material for breeding of self-fertile varieties of alfalfa with high seed yield
Authors: Н. В. Башкірова  , Н. В. Курочка
Published: May 2019

Purpose. Obtaining the highly self-fertile samples of alfalfa with a minimal effect of inbreeding depression on seed productivity for the use in the further selective breeding.Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical.Results. The expansion of the area under valuable high-protein perennial crops of alfalfa is limited by the lack of seeds due to the low yield of its modern varieties. In conditions of insufficient numbers of pollinating insects, cross-breeding varieties have low seed yield. Thus, self-fertile varieties may have an increased seed yield, since their plants are able to form seeds by self-pollination. As a result of studying 58 samples of the breeding nursery of alfalfa, among which there were inbred lines of 8–10 generations and hybrids, a high level of their self-fertility was determined. Pollen fertility of most samples ranged from 78.6 to 96.5%, and only eight of them showed a decrease to 63.6–78.0%. Selections for the components of seed productivity allowed us to distinguish samples with the number of flowers in the inflorescence from 22.0 to 36.2 pcs. (standard variety ‘Yaroslavna’ – 26.9 pcs.); with the number of set pods from free pollination – from 13.0 up to 21.0 pcs. (standard variety – 16.5 pcs.). The seed yield varied from 10.17 to 35.63 g/m2, and in the standard variety it was 22.03 g/m2. Conclusions. The level of self-fertility of the studied samples of the breeding nursery of alfalfa was quite high – from 32.6 to 68.1%. This breeding material was obtained from the previously created autogamous forms and selected in terms of the minimum effect of inbreeding depression on seed yield. All the obtained breeding material, among which there are hybrids between highly self-fertile samples and inbred lines, will later be used in the selection process to create alfalfa varieties with high seed yield.
CRISPR/Cas technology for crop improvement (review)
Authors: Волкова Н. Е. , Захарова О. О.
Published: May 2019

Purpose. To analyze the current state of crop improvement using CRISPR/Cas technology of genome modifications. Results. The history of the development of genome editing technologies with site-specific endonucleases is presented. The current state of plant varieties creation using these technologies was analyzed. It was shown that CRISPR/Cas technology of gene editing has already been adapted for 20 species of crops, for more than 150 genes associated with important traits. The practical implementation of this technology was presented on the example of rice, for which the greatest progress in the research and use of CRISPR/Cas technology was observed: the largest number of genes has been modified – 78; more than 20 varieties were obtained. Edited rice genes associated with such traits as grain size, grain number, plant height, male sterility, cesium accumulation, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and resistance to herbicides. The possibility of multiplex editing of a potentially unlimited number of genes was underlined. The situation on the regulation of plants created by genome editing technology was discussed: according to the decision of the European Union (EU) court, all EU regulations and restrictions on the cultivation and sale of products, in particular plant varieties, obtained using genome editing techniques are applied as well as to GMOs, while according to the USDA such plants, except parasitic plants, are not regulated as GMOs. Information on the statement, approved by leading scientists representing more than 90 European research centers and institutes for the study of plants and biological sciences was provided in support of genome editing technology. Conclusions. Among the genome editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas technology is one of the most powerful approaches, which has become extensively used in plant breeding due to such advantages as high accuracy and quality, efficiency and technical flexibility, relatively low cost compared to other methods. This available method allows obtaining non-transgenic plants with specified modifications, and it is possible to simultaneously “produce” mutations in several targets.
Regulation of plant varieties obtained using new plant breeding technologies in the European Union
Authors: Б. В. Сорочинський
Published: May 2019

Purpose. Analyze the legal regulation of plants obtained using new plant breeding technologies in the Euro­pean Union. Results. General information on New Plant Breeding Technologies (genome editing) is given. In contrast to the traditional mutagenesis NPBTs provide an opportunity to obtain the precise and target genome modification such as replacement, insertion or deletion of the single nucleotide at the specific loci or even site-specific insertion of the whole gene. Thanks to new breeding technologies plants resistant to pathogens, herbicides and abiotic stress factors with increased yields and improved nutritional properties have already been developed. In many countries, plants developed with genome editing are not subject to special regulation and equated to those obtained by traditional mutagenesis. At the same time, according to the decision of the European Court of 25 July 2018, organisms obtained as a result of targeted mutagenesis are subject to streamlining acts which regulate work with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this regard, the regulatory framework of the European Union concerning traditional GMOs was analyzed in terms of risk assessment and obtaining a permit for commercial use. It was shown that some provisions of the EU legislation, for example, the assignment of mutagenesis under the influence of ionizing radiation to safe methods of selection and analysis of substantial equivalence via simple comparison of GMOs and their non-GM counterparts do not fully reflect recent scientific advances. The problem of the lack of adequate methods for detecting new organisms obtained using genome editing tools is also discussed. Conclusions. The current regulatory framework formed in the European Union in relation to the handling of GMOs, and which, according to a court decision, should also be applied in case of regulation of genome edited plants does not meet the requirements of the present and needs changes.
La divulgación científica y sus modelos comunicativos: algunas reflexiones teóricas para la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Escobar Ortiz Jorge Manuel , Rincón Álvarez Andrea
Published: May 2019

Este artículo busca contribuir a la reflexión teórica sobre los modelos comunicativos de divulgación científica para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Se muestra en él que apoyarse en una dicotomía entre déficit y democracia para tratar dichos modelos es inadecuado, pues ambos modelos no son excluyentes, como se afirma habitualmente. En esa medida, tal dicotomía no funciona como una categoría apropiada de análisis para estos modelos. A partir de la exposición de la tesis de conocimiento en tránsito, que incluye el estudio de las circunstancias de modo y lugar de la divulgación científica, proponemos la contraposición entre el carácter unidireccional y el carácter multidireccional del proceso comunicativo como una categoría de análisis mucho más fructífera. Finalmente, formulamos algunos planteamientos generales sobre la pertinencia de este tipo de reflexiones teóricas para el uso de la divulgación científica en la enseñanza de las ciencias.