bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time Series Analysis in Financial Markets and Biological Phenomena
Authors: Gao yi yuan
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the application of time series analysis in financial markets and biological phenomena. It expounds the basic theory of time series analysis, including the concepts and characteristics of time series and commonly used time series models. It also provides an in-depth analysis of its application in financial markets, covering the characteristics of financial time series and specific applications in stock markets and foreign exchange markets, such as stock price forecasting, risk measurement, foreign exchange rate forecasting and volatility analysis. It also discusses the application of time series analysis in biological phenomena, including the characteristics of biological time series and its application in biological growth and development, such as modeling the growth curves of animals and plants, and studying the dynamics of microbial populations. The application of time series analysis in these two fields is summarized, providing a valuable reference for related research and practice.
Research Advanced in Speech Emotion Recognition based on Deep Learning
Authors: He ZiRui
Published: January 2025

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER)s burgeoning significance within intelligent systems is underscored by its transformative impact across various fields, from human-computer interaction, and virtual assistants to mental health monitoring. Over the rapid development of this technology in the past two decades, studies have continuously confronted and overcome kinds of real-world challenges, such as data scarcity, environmental noise, and cross-language differences. This survey focuses on recent innovations in SER, particularly deep learning architectures, and synthetic data augmentation, and addresses recent developments in cross-domain and multimodal SER techniques, which have expanded the applicability of SER to more diverse datasets.
The Evolution of YOLO: from YOLOv1 to YOLOv11 with a Focus on YOLOv7's Innovations in Object Detection
Authors: Luo Yuzhao
Published: January 2025

Throughout the evolution of You Only Look Once (YOLO) series, staring from base YOLO to latest YOLOv11, each version takes advantages of different techniques and mechanism, incorporating innovations that enhance object detection capabilities by improving both speed and accuracy. From introduction of anchor boxes in YOLOv2 to multi-scale predictions in YOLOv3 and Cross-Stage Partial Networks in YOLOv4, each iteration has brought unique improvements. In YOLOv7, two major advancements, Extended Efficient Layer Aggregation Network and Planned Re-parameterized Convolution, were introduced to address challenges in feature aggregation and parameter utilization, while maintaining optimal gradient flow. Additionally, advanced label assignment strategies, such as lead head guided label assigner and coarse-to-fine label assigner, further improve learning efficiency. These innovations enable YOLOv7 to set new standards in object detection, especially for applications in autonomous driving, video surveillance, medical imaging, and beyond
A Study on Security in Mode-Pairing and Sending-or-Not-Sending Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Authors: Wang Yaping
Published: January 2025

In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols have undergone rapid evolution, thus significantly advancing the field of quantum communications. The exploitation of quantum properties enables quantum communication to achieve superior security, yet many traditional protocols still face challenges in terms of stability and practicality. Since 2019, two new QKD protocols have emerged: mode-pairing QKD and sending-or-not-sending TF-QKD. In this paper, through an in-depth analysis of the existing literature, a simple mathematical derivation of the quantum uncertainty relation is provided, along with a systematic summary of the process for proving the security of these two new protocols. The results demonstrate that sending-or-not-sending TF-QKD can still effectively ensure the security of information in the presence of large bit error rates, showing its potential application in quantum communication. In addition, the paper explores future research directions, including experimental validation in diverse real-world environments, performance optimization, and the development of robust error correction techniques. These studies provide a critical foundation for the practicalization of QKD and promote the further development of quantum communication technology.
Overview of Aquatic-Air Amphibious Trans-Media Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Li Zhuo
Published: January 2025

Water-air amphibious trans-media unmanned vehicles(UAVs) have shown great potential for application due to their ability to switch flexibly between air flight and underwater navigation, especially in complex missions such as search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and military reconnaissance, where they play a distinctive role. Through literature research, the characteristics, and applications of water-air amphibious transmedia UAVs are introduced, and the advancements at home and abroad are reviewed according to the classification of fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and bionic. This paper analyses the challenges of water-air amphibious transmedia UAV research. Finally, the future prospects of the development are put forward
The Magnetic Application in the Loudspeaker and Headset
Authors: Huang Jing
Published: January 2025

Loudspeakers and headsets are ubiquitous electronic devices essential to modern life, finding extensive applications in medicine, education, entertainment, and communication. This paper explores their fundamental operating principles, rooted in electromagnetic and acoustic theories, and provides a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms. It summarizes various optimization strategies aimed at enhancing performance, including advancements in acoustic output, material innovations like carbon nanotubes, structural design improvements, and computational efficiency through algorithms such as adaptive impedance matching and genetic algorithms. The study also addresses current challenges faced by these devices, such as the trade-off between miniaturization and sound quality, escalating production costs, limited battery life, and issues related to prolonged user comfort. Furthermore, it highlights evolving user expectations for higher sound quality, longer battery life, and more ergonomic designs. By synthesizing existing research and forecasting future trends, the paper offers valuable insights into the ongoing development of loudspeakers and headsets, anticipating that innovations in artificial intelligence, smart materials, and personalized audio technology will significantly shape their future evolution
Research on the Application and Optimization of Stepper Motors in Ink jet Printers
Authors: Liu Qi
Published: January 2025

Ink jet printers have become an indispensable tool in various fields due to their high resolution, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. The performance of these printers heavily relies on precise mechanical control. Stepper motors, as key actuators in these systems, play a vital role in ensuring smooth operation and maintaining print quality. Understanding and optimizing these components are essential for addressing the growing demands for speed, accuracy, and energy efficiency in modern printing technologies. This article explores the basic structure of ink jet printers, analyzes their application functions, and focuses on the driving mechanism of print heads and paper transport systems. Studied the components, operating modes, and principles of the stepper motors used in these devices, emphasizing their functionality based on electromagnetic induction. In addition, this article proposes optimization strategies aimed at improving the accuracy and speed control of stepper motors in ink jet printers. Experimental data shows that through these optimizations, performance and response time have been significantly improved. The research results emphasize that the integration of enhanced stepper motor technology not only improves the market competitiveness of ink jet printers, but also promotes technological innovation and industrial progress
Advances in the Application of CRISPR-Cas9 in Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Wu Haoqi
Published: January 2025

Stem cell research has advanced rapidly, offering promising treatments for refractory diseases due to their unique capabilities for self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation. Stem cells play pivotal roles in treating genetic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), cardiovascular conditions, and cancer. In genetic diseases, combining stem cells with gene-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 enables precise correction of pathogenic genes, while healthy stem cells repair tissue by replacing diseased cells. For NDDs, iPSCs can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons to replace damaged brain cells and enhance neural regeneration. In cardiovascular diseases, they promote myocardial and vascular repair. In cancer, stem cells boost anti-tumor immunity and deliver drugs directly to tumor sites, improving treatment efficacy. Despite these breakthroughs, challenges persist. High-quality stem cell production is limited, and controlling differentiation to prevent tumorigenesis remains critical. Allogeneic transplants risk immune rejection, and using embryonic stem cells raises ethical concerns. Regulatory frameworks and clinical standards are needed to ensure safety and efficacy, alongside addressing ethical and patient rights issues. With continued innovation, stem cell therapy is going to revolutionize medicine, offering novel methods for complex diseases and improving global health
The Influence of External Drivers on Collaborative Innovation
Authors: Zhang Siyu
Published: January 2025

Collaborative innovation has become a critical strategy for enterprises navigating the complexities of modern technological development. This study examines how external drivers can be adjusted to foster and enhance collaborative innovation. Foucusing on key factors such as government support, market competition, and intellectual property protection, the research highlights their impact on the success of collaborative innovation. Drawing on qualitative research and case analysis, this study identifies challenges such as market failure, resource allocation inefficiencies, and risks of knowledge leakage. The findings reveal that government policies, financial assistance, and fostering an innovation ecosystem significantly enhance collaborative efforts, while robust intellectual property protection bolsters confidence in knowledge sharing and commercialization. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of cultivating a collaborative culture within enterprises, supported by clear objectives, talent development, and ethical practices. This research offers actionable insights for optimizing external drivers to maximize the benefits of cross-organizational innovation, contributing to a more sustainable and efficient innovation ecosystem.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Comparative Advantages in the Electronics Manufacturing Industry: A Study of China and Vietnam
Authors: Zhang Kai
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the electronics manufacturing industry has undergone rapid changes, and part of the electronics manufacturing industry is shifting from China to Vietnam. With the development of artificial intelligence, its influence in various manufacturing industries around the world is gradually increasing, especially in the electronics manufacturing industry. This study explores the application of AI in the electronics manufacturing industry in China and Vietnam and how it affects the transformation of the electronics manufacturing industry in China and Vietnam and leads to a shift in the industry chain. The study uses data analysis including sources such as the WTO and Trade Map, and analytical method of RCA index calculation. This article focuses on the research question of the impact of the application of artificial intelligence in the electronics manufacturing industry on the production and export of technology-intensive and labor-intensive electronic products in China and Vietnam and how the impact has facilitated the shifting of electronics manufacturing from China to Vietnam. The results show that AI technologies such as predictive maintenance and quality control for high-tech electronics have given China an advantage in technology-intensive manufacturing, while Vietnam has enhanced its comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing by optimizing its assembly and inventory management through AI technologies.
Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in China's Stock Market
Authors: Huang Zhengjie
Published: January 2025

As an important part of the global financial system, China's stock market has unique characteristics and challenges, such as high market volatility, information asymmetry, policy risks, and market mechanism defects. This paper aims to analyze these major problems facing the Chinese stock market and propose practical solutions. By studying the challenges of market volatility, information asymmetry, policy risks, insufficient investor education, and imperfect legal framework, this paper proposes countermeasures to improve the stability and efficiency of China's stock market. These countermeasures include improving policy transparency, promoting institutional investor participation, strengthening investor education, improving information disclosure mechanisms, and strengthening market supervision. The results show that by implementing these measures, market volatility can be effectively reduced, information transparency can be improved, market efficiency can be enhanced, and support can be provided for the sustainable development of China's stock market. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and scholars to promote the healthy and stable development of China's stock market.
Research on Challenges and Solutions for Optimizing Read Rate in RFID Systems
Authors: Jin Meihui
Published: January 2025

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields for the automatic identification and tracking of object tags, which is widely used in supply chain management, transport and retail. And key issues in its application encompass reliability, security, and privacy. In contrast to mainstream research that primarily focuses on solutions for security and privacy, the paper concentrates on boosting the overall reliability of RFID systems, particularly in fault detection of read rates. Through the review and analysis of the relevant literature, this paper highlights the key challenges and issues in the RFID field, particularly focusing on read rate. Various methods proposed to improve RFID read rates are reviewed, including hardware optimization, tag design, software algorithm improvement, and environmental adjustments. In addition, it outlines the effectiveness of different strategies, addresses the challenges faced in real-world applications, notes the limitations of the research, and proposes potential directions for future studies. The results demonstrate that anti-collision algorithms such as DFSA and improved binary tree search can effectively reduce signal conflicts in multi-tag environments
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Traffic Signal Light Control System based on LoRa Technology
Authors: Wang Frank Ce
Published: January 2025

The acceleration of urbanization has left cities around the world facing significant challenges, including traffic congestion and inefficient management. Intelligent transportation systems provide new technological means to address these issues, especially in traffic signal control, where advanced communication technologies play an important role in facilitating the process. The potential of long range radio (LoRa) technology in intelligent traffic signal control systems is attracting growing interest, largely due to its capacity for long-range transmission and low power consumption. This paper explores the potential benefits of LoRa technology in traffic flow monitoring and signal control by reviewing existing studies, especially in the field of long-distance transmission and low-power communication. The study indicates that LoRa technology can effectively boost the efficacy of traffic management, reduce traffic congestion, and provide technical support for the development of future intelligent transportation systems. Nevertheless, the stability of LoRa technology in high-density urban environments and its integration with other technologies still present challenges. Further research can investigate the anti-jamming ability, communication rate optimization, and its potential for wider application of LoRa technology in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to promote more efficient urban traffic management
Exploring and analyzing the causes of color in the earth
Authors: Tang Zitong , Zheng Donghao
Published: January 2025

Color is an essential element of human visual perception, which exists in all aspects of our daily lives and plays a key role in scientific research and technological applications. Color is produced by various mechanisms, including absorption and reflection of chemical pigments, complex formation of transition metal ions, and micro- and nanostructural modulation of structural colors. This paper aims to comprehensively explore the scientific principles of color generation and its applications in different fields. The article first describes how transition metal ions exhibit colors by forming complexes and explains in detail the coordination process of copper ions in an aqueous solution and its resulting d-orbital splitting, which in turn absorbs light of specific wavelengths and exhibits complementary colors. Secondly, the article explores the mechanism of color expression of natural pigments in plants, significantly how pigment molecules containing conjugated double bonds, such as -carotene, can absorb specific wavelengths of light and exhibit vivid colors through electron delocalization and energy level jumps. Finally, the article illustrates the principles of structural color and its potential for industrial applications, including using micro- and nanostructures, such as photonic crystals, to modulate the scattering and absorption of light, thus enabling dynamic changes in color and environmental protection. The in-depth exploration of the mechanism of color generation enhances our understanding of the basic principles of color science. It provides theoretical support for technological innovation and practical applications in related fields.
The Analysis of Conductive Polymer Materials
Authors: Xu Xinyue
Published: January 2025

In recent years, more and more researchers have begun to focus on the study of conductive polymer materials, which not only breaks the traditional cognition that polymer materials are insulators, but also their excellent performance makes them applicable in many aspects. In this paper, a literature review research method will be used to introduce the classification, conducting mechanism, preparation methods and practical applications of conductive polymer materials, based on the research conducted by scientific researchers in recent years. This paper will also combine relevant literature to provide a forecast of their future development. Through research, the paper finds that conductive polymer materials, as a new type of conductive material, have shown great potential in many fields and have broad development prospects in the future. Currently, conductive polymer materials have made considerable contributions in the fields of electronic devices, flexible electronics, sensing technology, and biomedicine. Although conductive polymer materials have made certain progress in many fields, there are still many challenges to be overcome in their development. In the future, with the development of materials science and nanotechnology, conductive polymer materials will achieve breakthroughs in more fields and achieve more widespread applications.
SWOT Analysis of Wind, Hydro, and Solar Energy Power Generation: Applications and Future Development in China
Authors: Wang Qiuchun
Published: January 2025

China is currently undergoing a transition in its energy structure, gradually reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the proportion of clean energy sources. The government actively promotes the development of renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, while encouraging technological innovation to enhance energy efficiency. Additionally, China is exploring and promoting new energy technologies like nuclear and hydrogen power to establish a greener and low-carbon energy system in line with sustainable development goals. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of wind, solar, and hydro energy in China using a SWOT analysis approach. It examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with each energy source, focusing particularly on their environmental impacts, technological hurdles, and resource distribution. Wind power stands out as an essential element within China's renewable energy mix due to its substantial potential for power generation capacity - ranking second globally. However, it confronts concerns regarding its environmental implications as well as output variability. Solar energy has advantages in directing solar power conversion and easy recycling; it exhibits promising prospects. But encounters conflicts related to land use and efficiency issues. Hydropower continues to be a major contributor; nevertheless, it poses ecological and social challenges. Furthermore, this paper scrutinizes China's leadership in renewable energy while offering recommendations for sustainable development and policy improvements that can facilitate its ongoing transition towards cleaner sources of power.
Preparation and Characterization of High-entropy Alloys for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fu Yu
Published: January 2025

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), due to their exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance, have garnered significant attention in the field of materials science. This paper reviews the primary preparation methods of HEAs, such as carbothermal shock, electrochemical synthesis, and spark plasma sintering, and analyzes the characteristics of these methods in terms of compositional control and synthesis efficiency. Through various characterization techniques, researchers can gain an in-depth understanding of the microstructure and elemental distribution of HEAs, thereby enhancing their performance in applications such as catalysis. Although substantial progress has been made in HEA research, challenges such as phase separation and equipment costs continue to hinder large-scale industrial applications. Future studies should focus on improving the controllability and environmental sustainability of preparation processes to advance the widespread application of HEAs in energy, catalysis, and electronics.
Advantages and Challenges of Graphene Transistors for High-Frequency Applications
Authors: Sun Qian
Published: January 2025

Graphene is regarded as an ideal material for next-generation high-frequency (HF) electronic devices, attributed to its unique two-dimensional structure, high carrier mobility, and exceptional electrical properties. In recent years, the limitations of conventional silicon-based technologies for high-frequency applications have become increasingly apparent, resulting in heightened interest in graphene transistors, which exhibit significant potential for applications in wireless communications, radar systems, and terahertz technology. These transistors exhibit high cutoff frequency and low noise characteristics, along with favorable bipolar properties, which provide them with significant advantages in radio frequency (RF) applications. However, despite the significant theoretical advantages of graphene materials, their practical application is still restricted by multiple factors. Specifically, insufficient voltage gain from weak current saturation, material uniformity issues, and large-scale production challenges have restricted the widespread adoption of graphene transistors in high-frequency electronic devices. This paper reviews the relevant literature, examines the disparity between the electrical performance and practical applications of graphene transistors, and identifies the key factors influencing their implementation. The results demonstrate that targeted bandgap engineering, innovative device architectures, and the exploration of new materials can help graphene transistors can mitigate existing challenges and position themselves as key components in future HF electronic devices, driving significant advancements and broader integration of related technologies.
Adaptive Command Filtering Control for High-order Strict Feedback Systems
Authors: Li Hao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a command-filter based neural network adaptive control method is proposed for high-order nonlinear systems with strict feedback. The command filter is used to avoid the computational complexity explosion problem of the traditional backstepping method, and the filtering error compensation mechanism is designed to reduce the impact of filtering error on the performance of the closed-loop system. In addition, the radial basis function neural network is used to deal with the uncertainty of the system, so as to improve the robustness and tracking performance of the controller. By constructing Lyapunov function, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved theoretically. Simulation results show that the designed controller can achieve accurate and fast tracking of the reference signal and significantly improve the system performance.
Towards Sustainability: Tracking Carbon Footprint Trends at Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
Authors: Madiope Kgaphudi Wendy , Adedeji Jacob Adedayo , Rahlao Sebataolo
Published: January 2025

Carbon footprint assessment is important to combat global warming and promote sustainability. Globally, organizations committed to biodiversity conservation are essential for maintaining ecosystems and the people who inhabit them. Nonetheless, these organizations produce a carbon footprint due to their operating operations. Hence, this study aimed to assess the specific carbon footprint of the Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife (EKZNW) to improve its understanding of its environmental implications and encourage sustainable behaviors within its particular missions. Using the greenhouse gas protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard as a guide, the study methodology examines greenhouse gas emissions from direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scopes 2 and 3) sources related to Ezemvelo wildlife activities over five years (2014/2015--2018/2019). The results show that 34,016.62 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) are emitted on average each year. The majority of these emissions are caused by Scope 2 electricity consumption, which accounts for 23,475.82 tCO2e, and Scope 1 emissions, which account for 7,826.20 tCO2e. Furthermore, there was a noticeable difference in emissions between the reserves, with the Imfolozi Game Reserve having the highest emissions. The findings of this study direct EKZNW toward ecologically conscious behaviors by acting as a catalyst for educated decision-making. The insight gained paves the way for proactive steps to lower carbon emissions, coordinating conservation efforts with more general goals of sustainability and climate resilience.
Tác động của quản lý vốn lưu động đến đầu tư nghiên cứu và phát triển
Authors: Lê Quỳnh Liên
Published: January 2025

Bài nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác động của quản lý vốn lưu động đến mức độ đầu tư nghiên cứu và phát triển (R&D) của các doanh nghiệp. Dữ liệu được thu thập từ cơ sở dữ liệu Compustat bao gồm 18.958 doanh nghiệp phi tài chính niêm yết trên toàn thế giới trong giai đoạn từ 2009 đến 2023, với tổng số 128.498 quan sát. Tác giả đã thực hiện các phương pháp hồi quy bình phương tối thiểu nhỏ nhất (Pooled OLS), mô hình tác động cố định (FEM) và mô hình tác động ngẫu nhiên (REM). Đồng thời, tác giả cũng thực hiện các kiểm định VIF, White và Hausman và chọn ra mô hình phù hợp nhất là mô hình tác động cố định với sai số chuẩn (FEM robust). Kết quả chỉ ra rằng đầu tư R&D ở kỳ trước ảnh hưởng tích cực đến đầu tư hiện tại, trong khi đó, vốn lưu động và lợi nhuận (ROA) lại có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực. Những phát hiện này nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc quản lý hiệu quả vốn lưu động và cải thiện lợi nhuận nhằm tối ưu hóa đầu tư R&D. Nghiên cứu đưa ra các khuyến nghị cụ thể cho các doanh nghiệp, bao gồm việc tối ưu hóa quản lý vốn lưu động, duy trì kế hoạch đầu tư R&D lâu dài và cải thiện khả năng tài chính để tăng cường hiệu quả đầu tư vào R&D.
Tác động của phong cách lãnh đạo của người quản lý đến hiệu suất làm việc của nhân viên tại các khách sạn: Khảo sát tại thành phố Hà Nội, Việt Nam
Authors: Trần Văn Khởi , Lê Mạnh Hùng , Dương Thị Hồng Nhung
Published: January 2025

Hiệu suất làm việc của nhân viên tại các khách sạn ở Hà Nội chịu ảnh hưởng đáng kể bởi phong cách lãnh đạo của các nhà quản lý. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành khảo sát tác động của các phong cách lãnh đạo khác nhau đến hiệu suất làm việc của nhân viên tại các khách sạn trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội. Nghiên cứu áp dụng triết lý thực chứng, sử dụng phương pháp tiếp cận hỗn hợp với trọng tâm là mô hình mô tả định lượng, kết hợp phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến. Phương pháp lấy mẫu ngẫu nhiên phân tầng được sử dụng nhằm đảm bảo tính đại diện giữa các bộ phận trong khách sạn, với tổng số 287 nhân viên được mời tham gia, trong đó mẫu cuối cùng bao gồm 167 người. Dữ liệu được thu thập thông qua bảng khảo sát và phân tích bằng các kỹ thuật thống kê mô tả và suy luận, hỗ trợ bởi phần mềm SPSS 26.0. Các khách sạn được lựa chọn tham gia nghiên cứu bao gồm Khách sạn Metropole, Lotte và Daewoo. Kết quả phân tích hồi quy cho thấy: phong cách lãnh đạo dân chủ có ảnh hưởng tích cực nhất, cải thiện động lực và sự tham gia của nhân viên. Lãnh đạo chuyển đổi và dân chủ cũng có tác động tích cực, nhưng ở mức độ khác nhau. Ngược lại, lãnh đạo độc đoán có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực, trong khi lãnh đạo tự do không mang lại tác động đáng kể. Nghiên cứu kết luận rằng việc áp dụng phong cách lãnh đạo phù hợp với tình hình thực tế là yếu tố quan trọng để xây dựng môi trường làm việc hiệu quả và nâng cao hiệu suất tại các khách sạn ở Hà Nội.
Tác động của đầu tư tới giá trị doanh nghiệp: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm từ thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam
Authors: Lê Thị Nhung
Published: January 2025

Nghiên cứu sử dụng dữ liệu bảng kết hợp với kỹ thuật ước lượng mô men tổng quát để phân tích tác động của đầu tư đến giá trị doanh nghiệp. Kết quả cho thấy mối quan hệ giữa hoạt động đầu tư và giá trị doanh nghiệp là phi tuyến tính, tồn tại một mức đầu tư tối ưu dành cho các công ty niêm yết tại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2012-2023. Cụ thể, việc đầu tư làm tăng giá trị doanh nghiệp cho đến khi đạt đến một ngưỡng tối ưu, sau đó giá trị này có xu hướng giảm khi vượt quá mức đầu tư tối ưu. Nghiên cứu cũng chứng minh rằng sự bất đối xứng thông tin giữa các bên trong doanh nghiệp gây ra những biến dạng trong quyết định đầu tư, dẫn đến tình trạng đầu tư dưới mức tối ưu khi vốn đầu tư thấp hơn ngưỡng cần thiết và đầu tư quá mức khi vượt quá ngưỡng này. Những phát hiện trên mang lại ý nghĩa quan trọng cho các nhà đầu tư và nhà quản lý doanh nghiệp trong việc xây dựng chiến lược đầu tư hiệu quả.
Recognizing the Remarkable Thirty Years of Dedicated Work of Academician Izet Masic as Editor-in-Chief of the Respected PubMed Journal “Medical Archives”
Authors: Donev Doncho
Published: January 2025

Background: It is a good occasion to celebrate an anniversary and to recognize a person’s professional achievements and contribution to a particular field of academic activity. Thirty years of editorial work on a peer-reviewed journal is an important anniversary in itself. Objective: The aim of this article is to pay tribute to Academician Prof. Izet Mašić for his thirty years of dedicated and remarkable work as Editor-in-Chief of the respected PubMed journal “Medical Archives” and for more than 40 years of academic and scientific work and exceptional achievements. Methods: Review of relevant literature and published articles, as well as personal experiences and observations of the author having known and collaborated with Izet Mašić for more than 40 years. Results and Discussion: In addition to the editorial leadership and ensuring the continuity and quality of Medical Archives and a newly founded journal, Acta Informatica Medica, during the war years 1992-95, Prof Izet Mašić succeeded in the re-indexing of “Medical Archives” in the Medline database and inclusion in PubMed Central (PMC) in 2009 and later with the journals Acta Informatica Medica and Materia Socio-Medica. During the war period from 1992-1995, he organized 10 scientific conferences in Sarajevo, then the first international conference on medical informatics (MIE) in Sarajevo in 2009 and a series of significant international scientific conferences in Sarajevo on science, writing, editing and publishing. As a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and editor of several peer-reviewed journals, he has published an impressive number of textbooks, monographs and articles and facilitated the publication of articles that enabled numerous authors from B&H, the Southeast Europe (SEE) region and beyond to obtain academic titles and degrees, thus promoting medical education, research and publishing. He has been honored by several scientific associations and academies for his contributions to education, science and publishing, including a unique award from the EFMI Council for his 30-year contribution to the development of medical informatics in Europe and the world. Conclusion: This wide range of academic activities and achievements underlines Izet Mašić’s commitment, perseverance and significant impact on medical science, publishing and education. I congratulate Academician Izet Mašić for his achievements and contribution to the academic and scientific community.
Gender perspective on climate change adaption strategies in livestock farming in Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: C Vikash , Dhungana Ananta , Khand Purna
Published: January 2025

Background:
Climate change has a significant impact on livestock farming around the globe. Farmers have adopted different strategies to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change. Females in developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change impacts and have lower adaptive capacity and they bear additional roles and responsibilities in livestock rearing as compared to their male counterparts.

Aim:
The main aim of this study is to examine the gender perspective on climate change adoption strategies in livestock farming in Gandaki province, Nepal.

Methods:
A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 1,158 households from five districts in Gandaki province, western Nepal. A household head or household member who was 45 years or older resided in that area for at least 15 years and owned at least one primary livestock at the time of the survey was selected as the ultimate respondent from each selected household. Both structured and unstructured questionnaires were prepared. A structured questionnaire was used for the household survey, while a checklist (guideline) was prepared for focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:
The results revealed that buffalo was the primary livestock among farmers. More than half of farmers, both men and women were aware of the impact of climate change on livestock. While this study did not fine significant gender-based differences in adaptation strategies, the odds of adoption are higher among males than females. Jobs other than agriculture and livestock, as well as access to credit, emerged as key determining factors associated with adaptation strategies among farmers in Gandaki Province.

Conclusion:
There is no significant gender-based difference in adaptation strategies; however, employment outside agriculture and livestock, along with access to credit, are the key determining factors associated with adaptation strategies.
Evaluation of renal function in dogs using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Ito Takami , Hanazono Kiwamu , Miyoshi Kenjirou , Endoh Daiji
Published: January 2025

Background:
In human medicine, efforts have been made to evaluate venous blood flow in the kidneys to diagnose renal disease and estimate renal function. In dogs, previous studies have predicted renal function using the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), which are derived from renal arterial blood flow velocity assessed via pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. However, to date, no study has been conducted on renal venous blood flow velocity in dogs.

Aim:
To investigate the relationship between renal venous blood flow velocity and renal function.

Methods:
Ten normal beagle dogs underwent blood tests and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography was performed under sedation to measure the maximum venous flow velocity (Vmax), minimum venous flow velocity (Vmin), and venous impedance index (VII) in the renal and interlobular veins. The RI and PI were calculated from the renal and interlobular arteries.

Results:
Vmax and Vmin of the renal vein were negatively correlated with GFR in both kidneys. No significant correlations were found between other measures and GFR. These results suggest a relationship between GFR and venous flow velocity in the renal veins assessed using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate the potential of this methodology as a new tool for predicting abnormalities in the renal venous blood flow and renal congestion in dogs. Further large-scale studies and comparisons between healthy dogs and dogs with impaired renal function are needed to validate this relationship.
Progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A study in model
Authors: Cahyono Agus , Irwanto Irwanto , Rahman Mahrus , Widjiati Widjiati
Published: January 2025

Background:
Pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is complex. Patology and molecular biology signature during its progression is interesting to study.

Aim:
This study will describe PAH progression from first until fourth week in a model focussing on endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), intima media thickness (IMT), and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and fibroblast.

Methods:
Six male Wistar rats aged 4 months old with range bodyweight of 180-230 gram were used in this experiment. Rats were injected with Monocrotaline (MCT) 60mg/kg of bodyweight (BW) subcutaneously to induce PAH. Rats were anesthesized with Ketamin 50mg/kg BW and Xylazin 5mg/kg BW intramuscularly before cathetherization. Right heart cathetherization was performed at day 1st, 2nd, 4th, 9th, 16th, and 23rd after MCT injection. After completion of cathetherization, intracardiac exsanguination was performed and blood serum was analysed by ELISA for ET-1, TNF-α, and ERK1/2. Lungs were harvested and parafinated block before analysed for IMT and proliferation of PASMCs and fibroblast.

Results:
At first until second week after MCT injection, mPAP was fluctuated. However, after 3rd until 4th week after MCT injection, its value become established over 40 mmHg. This also followed by level of ET-1 over 78 pg/mL, level of TNF-α over 223 ng/L, level of ER1/2 over 47 ng/mL, IMT over 42 µm, ratio of PASMCs over 65%, and ratio of fibroblast 30-35%.

Conclusion:
Pulmonary hypertension was established at week 3rd-4th after MCT injection in a model.
A bibliometric analysis of six decades of camel research in North Africa: Trends, collaboration, and emerging themes
Authors: Naji Razan , Kandeel Mahmoud , Mahmoud Maryam
Published: January 2025

Background:
Camels play a crucial role in North Africa's economy and agriculture, providing essential products, transportation and tourism.

Aim:
This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of camel research in North Africa between 1964 and 2024. The primary objectives are to evaluate research productivity, identify key contributors, and highlight emerging trends.

Methods:
Data were collected from the Scopus database, which contained 1805 research documents. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to visualize co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword trends.

Results:
The research output has increased dramatically since the mid-2000s, with a peak in publications between 2018 and 2020. Collaborations made up 53.91% of articles. The research clusters in camel studies from North Africa includes camel physiology and reproduction, focusing on topics like ovarian function, semen preservation, and seasonal variations; Microbiology and genetics, addressing microbial infections and genetic diversity; Epidemiology and disease control, which covers studies on disease prevalence, risk factors, and seroprevalence; and Camel milk research, emphasizing its nutritional and therapeutic properties, particularly related to oxidative stress and antioxidants

Conclusion:
Camel research in North Africa has grown significantly, with a focus on health, genetics, and sustainability. However, there are still gaps in molecular and transdisciplinary research, notably in areas like genetic diversity and ecological integration. Future research should prioritize these areas and foster greater international collaboration to address pressing concerns like climate change.
Effects of a blend extract of Sauropus androgynus, Moringa oleifera, and Coleus amboinicus on milk production in lactating rats
Authors: Intan Putri , Alegantina Sukmayati , Isnawati Ani , Yunarto Nanang , Ekawasti Fitrine , Rinendyaputri Ratih , Sunarno Sunarno , Sani Yulvian , Mariya Sela , Handharyani Ekowati
Published: January 2025

Background:
Breastfeeding is vital for infant health, providing essential nutrients and protection against infections. Despite the benefits, many postpartum women face challenges in breastfeeding due to hypogalactia caused by stress, anxiety, or maternal illness. While medications like metoclopramide and domperidone are sometimes prescribed to increase milk supply, they are limited due to safety concerns. As a result, there is a growing interest in alternative nonpharmacological interventions, including herbal galactagogues. Plants such as Sauropus androgynus, Moringa oleifera, and Coleus amboinicus have shown potential in enhancing milk production due to their unique lactogenic properties.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the influence of a combination of Sauropus androgynus, Moringa oleifera, and Coleus amboinicus extracts on milk production while assessing whether these extracts possess galactagogue properties.

Methods:
Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups at parturition. Each group, comprising six dams, was assigned a specific dose of 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg of the blended extract orally for 20 days postpartum, with one group serving as the control. Mammary glands were harvested and assayed for prolactin expression by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
The results showed that, while the rate of milk production did not increase linearly with the duration of lactation, rats treated with the blended extract at a dose of 75 mg/kg exhibited higher milk production than the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased prolactin expression in the mammary glands of rats treated with blend extract at 37.5 mg/kg (p<0.05), suggesting its potential as a galactagogue.

Conclusion:
The blended extract of Sauropus androgynus, Moringa oleifera, and Coleus amboinicus may stimulate milk production by modulating prolactin expression and mammary gland morphology.
Low-profile KA microplug set for transarterial occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a small dog: First experience in interventional cardiology
Authors: Venco Luigi , Geant tefan , Bolintineanu Mihaela , Nechifor Alina , Leca Florin
Published: January 2025

Background:
Cardiologists occlud most patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) defects in dogs using the Amplatz® canine duct occluder (ACDO) via a transarterial approach. However, this approach can be problematic in small dogs due to their small femoral artery diameters. In such cases, cardiologists have opted for lower-profile devices or use coils or vascular plugs deployed using a more challenging transvenous approach.

Case Description:
The present report describes a 1 year-old, 6 kg male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with a small PDA, which was successfully occluded using the Micro Plug Set (KA Medical, Minneapolis, MN, USA) via a transarterial approach

Conclusion:
This is the first case report in medicine of PDA closure with a KA Micro Plug Set. This approach, which has been describedfor PDA closure in a few dozen premature human infants, could be considered as a minimally invasive PDA closure in small dogs by using a transarterial approach. Furthermore, in pediatric cardiology, the use of the device has been described only via a transvenous approach. The information from this case report could inspire a different and simpler approach in human medicine.
Isolation and PCR-based detection of parvovirus in dogs
Authors: Allmjeed Dhuha , Jumaa Rawaa , Ibrahim Osamah
Published: January 2025

Background:
The canine parvovirus type 2 is an acute viral disease in puppies and is considered worldwide disease.

Aim:
This study performed to identify the canine parvovirus throughout 2022 and 2023 in Iraq. The novelty of this study was isolated this virus in two types of cell cultures (diploid and fibroblast cell cultures) and confirmed the isolated virus via PCR technique.

Methods:
Sixty fecal samples were taken from suspected infected dogs in the Baghdad Governorates were clinically sick and thought to have canine parvovirus. The first performed qualitative antigen detection on the samples with a rapid test, then the positive samples were propagated on the feline kidney (FK) and embryonated chicken fibroblast (ECF) cells, and finally identified the isolated virus on six randomly selected samples by amplifying the VP2 gene with a conventional polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Rapid test found 50% of fecal swabs as positive results. Additionally, the results of cytopathic effect at the second and third passages on chicken embryo and feline kidneys cell cultures revealed rounder and more detached cells. Furthermore, the isolated virus confirmed through amplified the Vp2 gene of virus by polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusion:
The focus of this study was isolated of parvovirus that cause diarrhea in puppies, which is quite frequent in Iraq. The virus was isolated using both primary and secondary cell cultures. The solitary virus causes cells to become more differentiated and rounded due to cytopathic effects. The virus was confirmed to be real using a polymerase chain reaction experiment. This study also suggests doing more epidemiological research and sequencing analysis to determine the prevalence of CPV serotypes in Iraq and the efficacy of trade in and locally made vaccinations in preventing against viral infection.