bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of habitats of the rare fungus Pluteus fenzlii between Białowieża Virgin Forest (Poland) and thermophilous forests (Slovakia)
Authors: Kučera Tomáš , Kunca Vladimír , Holec Jan
Published: July 2019

Pluteus fenzlii is a rare Eurasian lignicolous fungus, an iconic bright yellow species that attracts attention. Its habitat in the Białowieża Virgin Forest, Poland, is dominated by Carpinus betulus with admixture of Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Picea abies, with an herb layer typical for the Carpinion betuli alliance. In Slovakia, the country hosting the highest number of localities worldwide, P. fenzlii prefers closed canopy of thermophilous forest with dominance of Quercus cerris and adjacent Quercus robur agg., Q. petraea agg., Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata. In the Natura 2000 classification this vegetation belongs to habitat 91M0, Pannonian-Balkanic Turkey Oak-Sessile Oak forests, and priority habitat 91G0, Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus. The Slovak localities can be assigned to the mycosociological community Boleto (aerei)–Russuletum luteotactae, typical for thermophilous oak forests of Southern Europe and extrazonal areas in Central Europe. The presence of P. fenzlii at the isolated Białowieża locality could represent either a remote site of its present occurrence or a remnant of its former distribution, connected with the relict occurrence of thermophilous vegetation in Białowieża where continental oak forests have already disappeared.
Investigation of Virus Diseases and Molecular Detection of Little Cherry Virus 1 on Cherry Plants at Niğde Province
Authors: Sajid Quratul Ain , Elçi Eminur
Published: July 2019

To investigate the virus infections of sour and sweet cherries, various locations of Niğde province were examined during 2017. Ninety sweet and sour cherry leaf samples showing suspicious virus symptoms were collected and screened with virus-specific primers: Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prune necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Plum bark necrotic stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), Cherry twisted leaf virus (CTLV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2), Cherry rusty leaf virus (CRLV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Based on RT-PCR analysis, no amplification was observed except LChV1 amplifications, dsRNA analysis resulted in one suspicious profile. To validate those results, more sensitive TaqMan Real-Time PCR analysis and sequence analysis were conducted and LChV1 was detected on 7 samples. It can be concluded that only a low quantity of LChV1 infections was observed on some of the screened cherry samples.
Diseño y validación de la Escala de Tiempo Compartido en la Pareja (TCP)
Authors: Urbano-Contreras Antonio , Iglesias-García Mª Teresa , Martínez-González Raquel Amaya
Published: July 2019

Este estudio busca diseñar y validar la Escala de Tiempo Compartido en la Pareja (TCP) con el fin de ofrecer un instrumento útil y sencillo de aplicar. Han participado 620 personas que mantenían una relación de pareja (el 57.7% eran mujeres, el 51.6% tenía más de 31 años, el 66.1% convivía con su pareja y el 57.9% no tenía hijos). La muestra total se dividió en dos grupos, con el objetivo de desarrollar con el primero un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y con la mitad restante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), estrategia denominada validación cruzada. Los resultados ofrecen una escala con una buena fiabilidad (α = .80), que explica el 55% de la varianza y con una estructura bifactorial integrada por 7 ítems. Su brevedad y validez indican que este instrumento puede ser de utilidad para la investigación y la práctica profesional, especialmente en el campo de la prevención y detección de necesidades.
Juvenile Literary Hypertextual Fanfiction: evolution, analysis and educational possibilities
Authors: García-Roca Anastasio , Amo José Manuel de
Published: July 2019

In this work we analyse the evolution of fanfictions related to four of the most popular current fandom series: Harry Potter, Twilight, The Hunger Games and Divergent. This is a descriptive investigation wherein the temporal evolution of fanfic production is studied. The research focuses mainly on the relationship between the periods of greatest creative fanfiction activity and the publishing of the different books of the respective series, their transmedia expansion and film adaptations, among others. The study has allowed us to observe that these fan communities are generally ephemeral, although strongly united by ties of affinity, as well as being creative and active. The results obtained suggest that these vernacular literary practices are the source not only of motivation, but also of a formative process of reading and writing that can be planned and developed in formal learning contexts
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de niños y adolescentes con ayudas auditivas en las Islas Canarias
Authors: Alegre de la Rosa Olga María
Published: July 2019

Con el objeto de conocer la ‘Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud’ (CVRS) de niños y adolescentes (NyA) con recursos auditivos, se administró el cuestionario KINDLR,[1]que estima la CVRS en actividades cotidianas a una muestra de 187 NyA con implantes cocleares (ICs) y a otra muestra de 109 con audífonos (AUs). También se aplicó la versión correspondiente de KINDLRa 296 progenitores para comparar las opiniones de los NyA con la de sus progenitores. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza para determinar si había diferencias entre los grupos de estudiantes, así como en el grupo de progenitores en las dimensiones del cuestionarioKINDLRy el índice Kappa y el Coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) para ver en qué medida existía concordancia entre los sujetos de las muestras evaluando la variabilidad de CVRS para su mejora. Los NyA que usaron ICs percibieron la CVRS de forma distinta a los que utilizaron AUs.Existió acuerdo entre los autoinformes de ambos grupos de estudiantes y los informes de sus progenitores en la dimensión Autoestima del CVRS. Se recomiendaincorporar variables clínicas para comparar dimensiones de CVRSde NyA con dificultades auditivas.[1]Se denomina cuestionario KINDLRa la herramienta evaluativa alemana creada por Ravens-Sieber y Bullinger (1998) empleada en español para medir el bienestar y calidad de vida de estudiantes (Kiddy-KINDLRpara niños de 4 a 7 años, Kid-KINDLRpara niños de 8-11 años, Kiddo-KINDLRpara adolescentes de 12-16 años) y la versión adaptada del cuestionario Kid- & Kiddo-KINDLRpara padres.
Sistem Pendidikan Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Lama (Periode 1945-1966)
Authors: Fadli Muhammad Rijal , Kumalasari Dyah
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang sistem pendidikan masa Orde Lama dimana pendidikan masa ini dimulai dari Periode 1945-1950 dan Periode 1950-1966. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode History (Sejarah) dengan tahapan-tahapan: Heuristik, Kritik sumber (kritik intern dan kritik ekstern), Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Hasil kajian membahas bahwa pendidikan pada masa Orde Lama diharapkan mampu menentukan tujuan pendidikan Indonesia ke arah yang lebih jelas dan maju. Dengan tujuan pendidikan jelas maka bisa mengarahkan ke pencapaian kompetensi-kompetensi yang dibutuhkan serta metode pembelajaran yang kondusif dan efektif. Berdasarkan tujuan tersebut pada masa Orde Lama banyak dikeluarkannya kebijakan-kebijakan di dalam bidang pendidikan yang digunakan untuk merencanakan dan mengatur pendidikan. Pasca kemerdekaan pendidikan Indonesia berlandaskan pada Pancasila dan UUD 1945, salah satunya terdapat pada pasal 31 UUD 1945 telah mengatur mengenai sistem pendidikan nasional. Tahun-tahun selanjutnya ditetapkan juga tentang pendidikan nasional yang diatur dalam UU No. 4/1950 yang kemudian disempurnakan (jo) menjadi UU No. 12/1954 tentang dasar-dasar pendidikan dan pengajaran di sekolah. Pada 1961 diatur UU No. 22/1961 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi, dilanjutkan dengan UU No.14/1965 tentang Majelis Pendidikan Nasional, dan UU No. 19/1965 tentang Pokok-Pokok Sitem Pendidikan Nasional Pancasila.
A História de Rosilene
Authors: Siqueira Vincente De Paulo
Published: July 2019

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NÓS. QUEM SOMOS?
Authors: De Angelis Álvaro
Published: July 2019

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ANÁLISE DA TRADUÇÃO DE OBRA DE AUTOAJUDA PARA GAROTAS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Molina Furlan Marília , Maia Amorim Lauro
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo propõe-se uma análise da atividade tradutória a partir do conceito de tom e de ethos discursivo e dos efeitos de sentido da identidade geek feminina adolescente constituída em obras de autoajuda para as adolescentes. Como subsídios teóricos adotaram-se as concepções teóricas sobre tradução de Mittmann (1999); o conceito de identidade de Silva (2012) e a abordagem de Maingueneau (2008) sobre tom e ethos discursivo. A análise revelou que as imagens das enunciadoras e as das adolescentes geeks femininas de ambas as obras se caracterizam pelo humor, pelo exagero, pelo entusiasmo, pelo orgulho, pela militância e pela agressividade. Entretanto, no processo tradutório para a língua portuguesa, dois novos aspectos do ethos e da identidade geek feminina adolescente foram construídos discursivamente: o comedimento e a redução do índice de informalidade linguísticos. Tais aspectos foram observados em função dos recursos de atenuação dos tons discursivos assumidos pela enunciadora da obra em inglês.
LEITURA CRÍTICA DO DISCURSO MULTIMODAL EM REPRESENTAÇÕES MIDIÁTICAS DAS MANIFESTAÇÕES DE JUNHO DE 2013
Authors: Bezerra Fábio Alexandre Silva , Fagundes Julianna Pereira
Published: July 2019

Os recursos verbais e visuais criam relações de poder, constroem identidades e difundem ideologias. Portanto, é importante desenvolvermos pesquisas que explorem esse potencial semiótico (VAN LEEUWEN, 2005) de construção de representações, especialmente considerando-se o desenvolvimento de projetos de multiletramentos. Nesse contexto de crescente importância dos estudos em multimodalidade (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006), este artigo investiga representações das manifestações de junho de 2013 em capas de revistas nacionais com o intuito de desvendar sentidos construídos e discursos dominantes presentes nesse momento histórico (FAIRCLOUGH, 1995b, 2015[1989]; WODAK, 2004). Resultados gerais demonstram que as publicações analisadas, fazendo uso de estratégias narrativas, bem como de recursos interacionais e de composição, criam distanciamento entre o leitor e os fatos representados, possivelmente implicando em menor probabilidade de verem as manifestações como legítimas.
A PRESENÇA DO DISCURSO DIDÁTICO NO TEXTO JORNALÍSTICO DO PORTAL G1
Authors: Rabelo e Silva Ana Paula , Magalhães Izabel Dos Santos , Cunha Tiago Martins da
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar como ocorre a recontextualização (MAGALHÃES, 2015) a partir da relação entre discurso informativo e discurso didático em 29 matérias (de 2014 a 2017) publicadas no Portal G1/LavaJato. Além deste, também foi nosso objetivo identificar como o didatismo recorre ao uso da repetição dos argumentos indutivos: exemplo e ilustração (PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 1996; FIORIN, 2017). Para tanto, utilizamos a Análise de Discurso Crítica como teoria e método. Como teoria, quando nos reportamos às noções de discurso (FAIRCLOUGH 2001 [1992]; FAIRCLOUGH, 2003) e recontextualização (MAGALHÃES, 2015) e como método quando nos apoiamos no enquadre metodológico sugerido por Chouliaraki e Fairclough (2005). No procedimento metodológico, associamos a ADC à Linguística Computacional para ilustrar a ocorrência de termos associados ao discurso didático (CHARAUDEAU, 2009) nas matérias analisadas, bem como para analisar a recontextualização por meio da repetição de termos. Identificamos uso excessivo de didatismos tanto nos aspectos estruturais, quanto na linha argumentativa, ao ponto de recontextualizar as narrativas de modo a tornar nebulosa a relação entre os fatos narrados pela mídia e os eventos ali descritos.

Palavras-chave: ADC. Portal G1. Recontextualização. Discurso Diadático. Lava Jato.
Assalto ao turno em interações assimétricas de sexo/gênero: disputa e cooperação
Authors: Freitag Raquel Meister Ko. , Santana Rebeca Rodrigues de
Published: July 2019

O assalto ao turno consiste em entradas não consentidas ou não requeridas no turno do interlocutor, indicando disputa pela fala ou colaboração entre parceiros conversacionais. Neste estudo, observamos como se dá o processo de assalto ao turno em interações assimétricas quanto ao sexo/gênero dos interactantes, em ambiente universitário. Tomamos como amostra para tratamento qualitativo três interações da amostra de fala Redes Sociais de Informantes Universitários de Itabaiana/SE. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho interacional de homens e mulheres é diferenciado, o que se evidencia por meio dos recursos linguísticos empregados pelos interactantes, como os marcadores discursivos interacionais e com as posturas de assalto ao turno.
"O que torna filosófica uma conversa - Anotações sobre método para a filosofia com as crianças", de Luca Mori
Authors: Bisol Benedetta
Published: July 2019

Tradução
Tarefas de linguagem e funções comunicativas num curso online preparatório para o Celpe-Bras
Authors: Gabatteli Ana Luiza , Almeida Vanessa Borges de
Published: July 2019

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa-ação, que envolveu a elaboração e implementação de um curso preparatório para a Parte Oral do exame Celpe-Bras em contexto online. A pergunta que orienta este trabalho é quais são as contribuições do uso de tarefas comunicativas orais na preparação para o exame? Participaram do estudo três alunos hispanofalantes. Os dados foram coletados a partir de atividades síncronas e assíncronas realizadas pelos participantes durante o curso. Os resultados apontaram que muitas funções comunicativas que são suscitadas na parte oral do Celpe-Bras apareceram também nas tarefas e interações durante o curso.
Treatment options for iatrogenic bile duct injuries with the loss of confluence
Authors: Asadova A. A.
Published: July 2019

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) with the loss of confluence are the most feared types of biliary injury and represent 4% of all IBDI. The loss of confluence understood as when the right and the left hepatic ducts lose continuity with the common bile duct tree and to restore this continuity is a serious surgical challenge. Aim. The aim of this study is to share our results concerning the surgical treatment options of IBDI with the loss of confluence. Material and methods. During in a 10 years period (2008-2018) 105 patients with IBDI were admitted to our centers for surgical treatment. Among these patients there were only 13 patients with the loss of confluence (Strasberg E4 type).
Diet of the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in the Antisana highlands, Ecuador
Authors: Cadena-Ortiz Héctor , Solórzano María Fernanda , Noboa Mishell , Brito Jorge
Published: July 2019

The knowledge of the diet of a species is an important element to understand its natural history and ecology, the information about Ecuadorian owls’ diet increases progressively. We analyzed n = 163 pellets of the short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) collected in the Antisana highlands, north of Ecuador. We found 242 preys of six taxa; the paramo rabbit Sylvilagus andinus was the most important prey in terms of frequency (46%) and biomass contribution (78%). The diet of the owl in the Antisana highlands has low diversity, it could be related to individual specialization or the low availability of prey on the 4000 m; the mammals as preys dominated in frequency and biomass like previous studies.
Presente e Futuro da Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia
Authors: Donato Helena
Published: July 2019

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Atatürk Üniversitesi Merkez Yerleşkesi açık-yeşil alan avlusu peyzaj tasarımı ve uygulama süreci
Authors: YILMAZ Hasan
Published: July 2019

Üniversite yerleşkeleri fiziki

yapılaşması, açık-yeşil alan planlamaları ile bulundukları kentlere

sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel yönden katkıları kadar, estetik, ekolojik, ekonomik,

rekreasyonel katkılar sağlayan alanlardır. Atatürk Üniversitesi yerleşkesi

kuruluşundan günümüze sürekli gelişerek, ulaşım, eğitim, konut dokusu ve açık

yeşil alanları ile ülkemizin en prestijli yerleşkelerinden birisi durumuna

gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Atatürk üniversitesi merkez yerleşkesindeki eğitim

dokusu arasında yer alan merkez açık yeşil alan avlusu için hazırlanıp

uygulaması yapılan peyzaj tasarım projesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Konu peyzaj

tasarım süreci kapsamında ele alınmış ve mevcut durum ortaya konmuştur.
On the Impact of Electronic School Registers on the Speech of Modern School Children
Authors: Chernogrudova E. P.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the problems of communication between all the parties of the educational process. The goal is to draw the attention of specialists and the public to the negative impact of Internet resources on modern schoolchildren’ speech. An analysis of the characteristics of such communications has shown that digital educational platforms solely create the illusion of the “advancement” of an educational institution. However, in reality, these platforms provoke the teacher to make speech mistakes and omissions, thus ultimately reducing the effectiveness of the educational process.
A Word about Vladimir Petrovich Sheremetevsky, a Spokesman for What’s Best for the «Little Ones» (To the 185th Anniversary of the Birth)
Authors: Bondarenko M. A.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the well-known teacher Vladimir Petrovich Sheremetevsky and his ideas that have made a significant contribution to the development of methods for teaching the Russian language in school. The methodological views of Sheremetevsky set forth in his works were the result of his thirty-year teaching experience in various Moscow secondary schools. It is shown that the special attention of V.P. Sheremetevsky was devoted to spelling and expressive reading. He developed a method of explanatory reading.
Modern Models of Quality Management in Forensic Activities
Authors: Kuz’min S. A.
Published: July 2019

The article contains analysis of modern approaches to quality management in the forensic science institutions, reviewed evolution of the view about quality as an object of management. Author considered a structure and a volume of notion of forensic science activity and mark out the elements of structure that form complex factor that affects the quality. Based on international and one’s country experience is given the historical retrospective of process of development and deployment of mechanisms of managements of quality in production and forensic science. The conceptual approaches to quality problems enshrined in the series ISO 9000 and ISO/IEC 17025 international standards, their similarities and distinction, and also applicability limits concerning activity of the forensic science institutions are analyzed. The special attention is paid to the analysis of problems arising in the design and implementation of quality management systems, identified their causes, and made recommendations for improving the effectiveness of management.
Characteristic Damages Caused by Shots Fired from Smooth Bore Rifles with Long-Range and Ultra Long-Range Rounds
Authors: Dzyuba G. G. , Chekhlataya Yu. S. , Shlyundina I. N.
Published: July 2019

The paper describes long-range and ultra long-range hunting cartridges and characterizes damages caused by shots fired with these cartridges from distances of 15-to-100 m. Comparison shots were fired from smooth bore hunting rifles with standard commonly used rounds from distances up to 1 m.
The Linguistic Research of Nonverbal Component of a Composit Verbal / Visual Text: Problems of Verbalization Sense
Authors: Daylof E. L.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the methodical issues in the point of the non-verbal component analysis within the framework of linguistic research of composit verbal/ visual texts relevant to extremism prevention. The examples of expert practice functions of nonverbal components of a composit verbal/ visual text, types of semantic bounds between the visual and verbal part in different types of composit verbal/ visual texts are discussed. The algorithm for semantic analysis of composit verbal/ visual texts as an object of forensic assessment is suggested.
DYNAMICS OF BARLEY FLAVONOID AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UF-A RADIATION
Authors: Goncharova L. I. , Tsygvintsev P. N. , Guseva О. А.
Published: July 2019

The effect of increased UV-A radiation during the ontogeny of barley plants of the Vladimir variety in the vegetation experiment was studied. Changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde, flavonoids and grain yield were revealed. UV-A radiation as compared to UV-B radiation, has lower quantum energy and can have both positive and negative effects on plant regulatory and photosynthetic processes. One of the most damaging effects of increased levels of UV-A radiation is oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation of biological membranes. The existence of a plant cell in such conditions is possible only thanks to a system of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The accumulation of phenolic compounds under the action of UV radiation is a universal mechanism of protection against photodamage, which was formed in the early stages of the evolution of photoautotrophic organisms. Flavonoids are localized in the epidermis of plant tissues and act as an internal filter. The content of flavonoids is determined by the genotype and due to ontogenetic patterns. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in vessels containing 4.5 kg of air-dry soil. The repetition is threefold (3 vessels in each variant). Sowing density - 13 plants in each vessel. As a source of UV-A radiation used lamps Black Light BLUE company Philips. Plants were irradiated for 5 hours a day from 10 to 15 hours at 13, 25, 34, 43 and 52 stages of organogenesis. The magnitude of the daily biologically effective dose of UV-A radiation was 60.7 kJ / m2. The solar part of the UV spectrum in the vegetation experiment was absent in the greenhouse. The nature of changes in the content of flavonoids under the action of UV-A irradiation during the growing season of plants with the dynamics of the oxidative process has been established. The first maximum was observed during the vegetative growth period, the second - at the earing stage. The data obtained indicate that flavonoids have ontogenetic conditionality and perform photoprotective functions. The increase in their content under the action of UV-A radiation is accompanied by an increase in resistance to photodamage, which is confirmed by the formation of grain yield.
Hippocampal neuron loss and astrogliosis in medial temporal lobe epileptic patients with mental disorders
Authors: Lu Jun , Huang Hongxing , Zeng Qichang , Zhang Xinmei , Xu Min , Cai Yi , Wang Qin , Huang Yahui , Peng Qiong , Deng Lanqiuzi
Published: July 2019

Hippocampal neuron loss and reactive astrogliosis are pathological features of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Here, the expression of hippocampal astrogliosis-associated genes are studied in subjects with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and mental disorders (such as depression, anxiety and psychiatric comorbidities). The relationship between functional changes in hippocampus astrocytes and concurrent mental disorders are discussed. Nissl staining identified medial temporal lobe epilepsyinduced neuronal loss in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence technology were used to detect hippocampus glial fibrillary acidic protein, metallothionein, and aquaporin-4. The hippocampus area of subjects with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (with or without mental disorders) were smaller than the control group. Hippocampal neuronal loss and astrogliosis were more obvious in groups of medial temporal lobe epileptic patients with mental disorders. Relative protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, metallothionein-I/II, and aquaporin-4 were significantly higher in subjects with medial temporal lobe epilepsy than seen in controls. Medial temporal lobe epileptic patients with mental disorder or depression had elevated metallothionein-I/II protein level when compared to controls and medial temporal lobe epileptic patients without mental disorder. Protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin-4 in medial temporal lobe epileptic patients with mental disorders were significantly lower than that in medial temporal lobe epileptic patients with no mental disorder. It is concluded that functional changes in hippocampus astrocytes are associated with mental disorders in medial temporal lobe epileptic patients and the astrogliosis-related genes of glial fibrillary acidic protein, metallothionein-I/II and aquaporin-4, are involved in this process.
Holographic subregion and holographic focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: July 2019

Holographic duality and holographic focusing
Process evaluation of text-based support for fathers during the transition to fatherhood (SMS4dads): mechanisms of impact
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Knight Tess , Macdonald Jacqui A , StGeorge Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Background: There is growing evidence for the value of technology-based programs to support fathers to make positive transitions across the perinatal period. However, past research has focused on program outcomes with little attention to the mechanisms of impact. Knowledge of why a program works increases potential for replication across contexts.Methods: Participants were 40 Australian fathers enrolled in the SMS4dads text-based perinatal support program (Mean age 35.11 (5.87). From a starting point between 16 weeks gestation and 12 weeks postpartum, they were sent a maximum of 184 text messages. An inductive approach was used to analyse post-program semi-structured interviews. The aim was to identify mechanisms of impact aligned to previously identified program outcomes, which were that SMS4dads: 1) is helpful/useful; 2) lessens a sense of isolation; 3) promotes the father-infant relationship; and 4) supports the father-partner relationship.Results: We identified two types of mechanisms: four were structural within the program messages and five were psychological within the participant. The structural mechanisms included: syncing information to needs; normalisation; prompts to interact; and, the provision of a safety net. The psychological mechanisms were: increase in knowledge; feelings of confidence; ability to cope; role orientation; and, the feeling of being connected. These mechanisms interacted with each other to produce the pre-identified program outcomes.Conclusions: If the current findings are generalisable then, future mobile health program design and evaluation would benefit from explicit consideration to how both program components and individual cognitive and behavioural processes combine to elicit targeted outcomes.
“Wait, She’s One of Us!”: American Catholic Nuns, Gender, and Sexuality
Authors: Murphy Ryan P.
Published: July 2019

In this qualitative study of one congregation of American Catholic nuns—the Sisters of St. Joseph of Philadelphia—I explore the ways in which gender influences the sisters’ work and their relationship with the Catholic Church and secular society. Through interviews with 23 religious sisters, I analyze the subtle strategies of action they employ to minister to marginalized populations who may feel alienated by the institutional Catholic Church. Despite their own structural position in the Catholic Church and secular society, American Catholic nuns like the Sisters of St. Joseph emerge as powerful women who exercise agency to respond to the human and social needs of lay Catholics and non-Catholics, even when this work is counter to official Church teaching. Overall, I argue that the Sisters of St. Joseph are guiding progressive voices in the Catholic Church—particularly around human sexuality and relationships—and have the potential to shape the direction of the Church in the twenty-first century.
Outcome of Keloid's Treatment in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Karn Binod , Mishra S. M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Keloids are characterized by their continued growth following trauma, extension into normal tissue and their high recurrence rate following excision. Keloids are common following ear piercing or flame burns. These lesions are highly conspicuous and cosmetically unappealing. Multiple methods including surgery, radiotherapy, antimitotic agents, silicone sheet, pressure clipsand cryotherapy have been advocated. The risk of recurrence and the need to prevent distortion of following resection is a challenge to the surgeon.

Material and Methods: A total of 46 patients with keloid were treated at the plastic surgery department of the Nepalgunj Medical College between January 2013 to March 2017. The patients were divided in two groups. Group A consisted of 24patients with keloid in their ear where complete excision of keloid was done with tension free repair and was supplemented withintralesion triamcinolone injection at the time of operation and thereafter as and when needed. Group B consisted of 22 patients. Out of these 15 patients had keloid over the anterior chest wall and rest 07 had keloid over the deltoid region. These cases receivedintralesional triamcinolone only, a total of 5 such injections at month interval as a tension free repair after excision was notconsidered feasible.

Results & Conclusion: Patients in Group A underwent surgical excision and intra and post operative intralesionalsteroids and patients in Group B received 4 weekly intraregional injection of triamcinolone injection 40 mg. Out of 24 keloid in Group A two developed post-excision recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 24 months. However they regressed with subsequent local injection of steroid. The group B consisting of scar over the deltoid region and anterior chest wall were not found suitable for excision as a tension free repair (a must to prevent recurrence) was not considered possible. Complete Excision of keloids with tension free suture and local steroid injection is a simple & favored technique for the management of keloid, it preserves contour &skin quality and has a low recurrence rate. Unfortunately all cases are not suitable for total surgical excision. In such cases, steroid locally has to given locally at monthly intervals. The keloids regresses, but atrophy and depigmentation at the site of injection are the complications.
Prophylactic Antibiotics in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is it Necessary?
Authors: Sharma Anup , Shah Arun
Published: July 2019

Background: Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has a low risk for Surgical Site Infection (SSI). In spite many surgeons still use prophylactic antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the need of prophylactic antibiotics in elective LC.

Method: This study was carried out from 2017 June to 2018 August in the Department of Surgery Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur (NGMC). Patients were placed into two groups. Group A received a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic and group B patients did not receive any prophylactic antibiotic. In both groups the SSI were recorded and compared.

Results: Overall SSI was 5(3.33%) among 150. In group A 2 (2.66%) patients had SSI and in group B 3 (4%) had SSI. Using or not using prophylactic antibiotics did not correlate with SSI (p= .154).

Conclusions: Prophylactic antibiotic is not recommended in elective LC. Prophylactic antibiotic does not reduce the rate of SSI.
Open Globe Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Thapa Bikram Bahadur , Thapa Dabal Bahadur , Nath Har Karan
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Open Globe Injury (OGI) is a type of mechanical eye injury in which there is a full thickness defect of the outer fibrous coat of eye ball. The Prognosis in the eyes with OGI has improved in these days. 2.4% of blindness in Nepal was due to ocular trauma in 1981. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological profile, clinical profile and treatment outcome in eyes with open globe injury.

Methodology: It is the prospective interventional non randomized hospital based study on the patients of open globe injury presented to the Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj from April 2017 to May 2018. Visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment evaluation, site and size of wound were recorded. All the eyes were underwent primary repair surgery. Postoperative visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment evaluation was carried out on all follow up. Second surgery was done if required.

Results: 0.4% of ophthalmic and 0.016% of all hospital patients had open globe injury. Most of the victims were young males. The mean age of study population was 10.98±17.1 year. Playing (62.5%) was the most common time of injury and wooden stick (50%) was most common agent of injury. Zone I involvement (87.5%) and penetrating type (91.7%) was found in most of cases. 87.5% of eyes were blind, 4.2%were visually impaired and 8.3% had normal vision at the time of presentation. 79.2 % of eye were improved after treatment on visual function, 12.5% remained unchanged while 8.3% deteriorates and leads to pthysis bulbi.

Conclusion: The incidence of open globe injury was 0.4% among ophthalmic patients and 0.016% among all patients of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj. Early Primary repair, use of systemic antibiotics and postoperative care provides encouraging anatomical and functional outcome in these eyes with OGI.
The subjective acceptance in presbyopic patient receiving correction based on conventional method of age v/s amplitude of accommodation
Authors: Chaudhary Neha Priyadarshani , Gautam Pramod Sharma
Published: July 2019

Objective: To observe the subjective acceptance in presbyopic patients following prescription of spectacles.

Material and method: This is a hospital based cross sectional study which was conducted in 100 presbyopic patients in age group of 35 to 60 years at outpatient department of ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, kanchanbari from 1 August 2018 to 30November 2018. The patients were divided into two groups, First group received the presbyopic correction according to conventional method of age and the second group received the prescription according to their amplitude of accommodation. Patient's satisfaction in terms of symptoms like eyestrain, headache or difficulty with the usage of glasses was noted. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis.

Conclusion: When presbyopic correction is given according to amplitude of accommodation in patients belonging to 36-45 years age group, it is tolerated better and patients are more satisfied in terms of symptoms like eyestrain and headache than getting the simple correction as per their age. However after the age of 45 years, presbyopic correction given according to age is equally tolerated well among all refractive error groups.

Results: 100 patients in this study who visited our OPD with presbyopic symptoms were divided into two groups, each of 50 patients. Patient's satisfaction and tolerance was better when presbyopic correction was given on the basis of their amplitude of accommodation in age group 36-45, in comparison to the prescription given according to conventional method of their age. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the patient's satisfaction level in the two groups after the age of 45.
Authors: Setyarini Didien Ika
Published: July 2019

Afterpain adalah rasa sakit yang berlangsung selama 2-3 hari setelah lahir, kondisi ini disebabkan oleh kontraksi rahim. Penggunaan metode farmakologis secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi kualitas ASI dan terhadap bayi yang mengkonsumsinya. Maka diperlukan metode alternatif untuk mengurangi afterpain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Candle Therapy terhadap afterpain. Penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimen dengan sampel 10 responden secara purposive sampling. Desain yang digunakan adalah one group pre-post-test design. Instrumen penelitian berupa lilin berwarna dan NRS (Numerical Rating Scale). Hasil penelitian sebelum dilakukan Candle Therapy adalah 10% mengalami nyeri berat terkontrol, 33% nyeri ringan, dan 57% nyeri sedang, sedangkan setelah dilakukan Candle Therapy adalah 3% mengalami nyeri sedang, 30% tidak nyeri, dan 67% nyeri ringan. Hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan Paired T-Test, dengan dk=18 dan α=0,05 menunjukkan nilai thitung=8,054, ttabel=2,101, sehingga thitung > ttabel. Hasil uji dengan menggunakan SPSS 16 menunjukkan hasil p=0,000, sehingga p < α. Maka Ho ditolak. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Candle Therapy terhadap tingkat afterpain.

Kata kunci: Candle Therapy, afterpain, ibu postpartum
Assessment of potential capabilities of Dreem: An ambulatory device for EEG phase-locked acoustic stimulation during sleep
Authors: Puchkova A.N. , Tkachenko O.N. , Trapeznikov I.P. , Piletskaya I.A. , Tiunova E.V. , Sazonova M.M. , Taranov A.O. , Gruzdeva S.S. , Dorokhov V.B.
Published: July 2019

Sleep disorders are one of the significant problems in the modern society. Current research is on the lookout for the nonpharmacological ways to improve sleep quality and slow wave brain activity that plays a crucial role in homeostasis and cognitive functions. One of the promising approaches is acoustic stimulation that is phase-locked to deep sleep EEG rhythms. It was already shown that such stimulation improves slow wave brain activity. This article describes Dreem: a wireless consumer device that performs acoustic sleep stimulation in home conditions. The device has dry EEG electrodes, photo sensor for pulse oximetry, and an accelerometer. The inbuilt software detects deep sleep, performs audio stimulation on the ascending slope of the delta wave and does automatic sleep staging. In the pilot study of the device, three subjects made 10 to 24 recordings of night sleep with EEG recording and stimulation. The raw data recorded by the device is available to the user and is sufficient for sleep staging and basic sleep analysis. Automatic hypnograms reflect the structure of a normal night sleep. EEG averaged by the stimulation markers demonstrated the high efficacy of slow wave detectors and placement of stimulations on the ascending slope of a delta wave. Dreem device is of interest for the sleep researchers as an easy to use tool for an out-of-lab data acquisition.
A Review of Emission Reduction Potential and Cost Savings through Forest Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Raihan Asif , Begum Rawshan Ara , Mohd Said Mohd Nizam , Abdullah Sharifah Mastura Syed
Published: July 2019

Rising atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has been increasing with its negative effects on climatic system. Forests absorb and store a huge amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (one of the major greenhouse gases) as tree biomass. Because of such capacity of forests which is called carbon sequestration, it has received much attention due to the concerns of global climate change. The research question is whether forest carbon sequestration could potentially reduce emissions in a cost effective way or not. Therefore, this article reviews and summarises emission reduction potential and cost savings through forest carbon sequestration. However, tropical forests have the highest aboveground carbon density and carbon sequestration potential compared to the subtropical, temperate and boreal forests. Instead, carbon sequestration potential found to be higher in Africa followed by North America, Asia, South America, Europe and Australia. The cost for one tonne of forest carbon sink enhancement ranges between 0 to US$ 443 in 2011 prices. Forest carbon sink enhancement cost in tropical region is found cheaper than any other region in the world. Carbon forestry options i.e. forest management, afforestation and reforestation can decrease the equilibrium carbon price up to 80% and reduce the emission reduction costs up to 40% whereas afforestation found to be the most low-cost carbon sequestration option. Hence, forest carbon sequestration plays an important role in reducing emissions which offers an opportunity for cost-effective climate change mitigation.
Bioreduction of Iron and Biosorption of Heavy Metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+) by a Novel Environmental Bacterium, Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19T
Authors: Tarhriz Vahideh , Akbari Zahra , Dilmaghani Azita , Hamidi Adel , Hejazi Mohammad Amin , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid
Published: July 2019

Environmental bacteria have an important role in the removal and improvement of metals from polluted area. Metal–microbe interactions as a form of detoxification of metal have been developed. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19T, a novel environmental bacterium isolated from deepwater from Qurugöl Lake nearby Tabriz city, Iran, to Fe(III)-reduction as an electron acceptor in minimal essential elements condition. Subsequently, bioabsorption behaviour of heavy metals (Ni2+, Co2+, pb2+) by strain RCRI19T has been demonstrated. Our results showed that strain RCRI19T can reduce 20mM ferric-citrate particularly in anaerobic condition, and a positive correlation was observed between bacterial growth and iron (II) production. Owing to its iron reduction rate, T. aquatica RCRI19T may contribute to iron mineral transformation and element cycling in deepwater of the lake. We further observed that the dead biomass of strain RCRI19T absorbs of heavy metals (Ni2+, Co2+ and Pb2+) from aqueous solution. The optimum conditions of biosorption are in pH = 4 for Ni2+, Pb2+ and pH = 5 for Co2+. The equilibrium experimental data fitted both of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and displayed monolayer adsorption. Two kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to describe the kinetics of heavy metal ion biosorption on T. aquatica. Pseudo second order was the best of the other kinetic.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV AND DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES TOWARD PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Rukhsana , Bilal Arshia , Siddiqui Shakira Huma
Published: July 2019

Background: Little evidence is available regarding knowledge about HIV and attitudes of the general population toward PLHIV in Pakistan. Secondary analysis of data from PDHS 2012-13 was performed to evaluate the effect of knowledge about HIV on discriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV in Pakistan and to explore their association with socioeconomic and demographic variables. Methods: Ever-married persons age 15-49 who had ever heard about AIDS were included in the study. Variables measuring composite knowledge and discriminatory attitude were developed and recoded into three groups for analysis. Results: Around 17% of respondents correctly answered all five questions regarding transmission and prevention of HIV. Overall by the composite three-category knowledge variable, 66% had more knowledge, 29% and 5% had some and no knowledge about HIV respectively. About 22.8% of respondents showed more discriminatory attitude, while 61.1% showed some and only 16% of the respondents showed no discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV. The study found a statistically significant inverse relationship between knowledge about HIV and discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV. Regression analysis showed that respondents with secondary or higher education and in the middle, rich, and richest wealth quintiles exhibit less discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV. Men, despite having more knowledge about HIV, held more discriminatory attitude toward PLHIV. Conclusion: The results suggest a need for Pakistani society to become better informed about HIV/AIDS in order to reduce the stigma associated with HIV and avoid discriminatory attitudes.
EBOLA VIRUS THREAT: AWARENESS, EDUCATION AND PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Zubair
Published: July 2019

Background: Ebola virus (EBOV) is a real threat and Ebola virus disease (EVD) can be transferred to any country. International flights in a country enhance the risk of an EBOV outbreak and its spread, especially in thickly populated cities. There is a great need for awareness among common persons, health professionals and decision-makers about EVD and preparedness to manage an outbreak. Objective: The main objective of the study was to describe Ebola virus characteristics, mode of spread, risk factors, signs and symptoms, persistence, and preventions. Methods: PubMed was searched with keywords, and 700 articles were found. Abstracts of all searched articles were reviewed. WHO and CDC websites were explored for relevant information. Results: Contact with EVD patient's body fluids is the strongest risk factor. Although the incubation period of EBOV is from 2 to 21 days, while usually symptoms are developed between 4 and 10 days after exposure of Ebola virus. Similarities of signs and symptoms with other infectious diseases, mostly lead misdiagnosis. EBOV proteins reduce the human immune system's response to viral infections. In EVD survivors, Ebola virus can remain in semen, breast milk, ocular (eye) fluid, and spinal column fluid. It is very difficult to control and manage an outbreak of Ebola virus in areas of high population density areas. Conclusion: Awareness, knowledge, and education about EVD among populations and clinicians can decrease fear, risk, and fatalities. Preparedness and training to HCWs can minimise the risk of EVD especially in thickly populated cities and areas of a country.
ASSESSING STRESS COPING METHODS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR PAKISTAN
Authors: Sarwar Naveeda , Abid Saima , Khan Ghulam Sarwar , Hassan Bilquis , Awan Baber , Sarwar Adnan
Published: July 2019

Background: Stress coping methods are used by the individuals to overcome daily stresses. It is important to maintain stress within limits for normal functioning and productivity of a human being. Medical students come across many stress factors during their medical training. Stress coping is divided into Adaptive and Non-adaptive coping, students using adaptive coping strategies (ACS) are considered to have positive coping methods and results in long term constructive outcomes i.e. improved self-esteem, stronger social bonds and wisdom, while students using non-adaptive coping strategies are at risk of mental health issues. Our objective was to evaluate stress coping methods among medical students of public and private medical colleges of district Peshawar. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 200 medical students of both Public and private sector of district Peshawar. Equal numbers of boys and girls were selected from age groups of 18-25 years. Demographic variable along with methods to cope stress were collected using validated pre-tested questionnaire called "Brief cope scale (BCS) of Urdu version by Akhtar (2005)". Standard cut off value of 56 was used to differentiate between students having adaptive or mal-adaptive coping styles. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Students of public medical college scored M=71.78 with SD=8.955 while students of private medical colleges scored M=69.20 with SD 10.07. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that undergraduate students in medical collages have non-adaptive coping methods rather than adaptive ones. Female students used more adaptive coping skills than male students. Students in public sector had better coping skills than students of private medical colleges.