bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinopsis de la arqueología de Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Vázquez Martín , Borrero Luis A.
Published: July 2021

La arqueología del Archipiélago Fueguino puede entenderse como un caso de variadas trayectorias culturales que se ajustan a la notable diversidad ambiental existente. Se introducen y comentan aquí los resultados principales alcanzados por las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas a lo largo del tiempo en los distintos sectores de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego y sus alrededores. Las escasas evidencias antiguas, de poco más de 10.000 años, refieren a cazadores-recolectores que aún interactuaban con fauna extinta. Durante el Holoceno Temprano y la primera parte del Holoceno Medio, la señal arqueológica regional se hace algo más intensa en algunos sectores como la costa norte del canal Beagle y algunos segmentos de la costa Atlántica y el estrecho de Magallanes. Los sitios fechados hacia el Holoceno Tardío se hacen progresivamente más abundantes en toda la región. Especialmente durante los últimos 1500 años, cuando se registra una mayor intensidad en el uso de los distintos ambientes y se incluyen áreas con escasa o nula ocupación previa dentro de los circuitos de movilidad de cazadores terrestres y litorales
Rituales 2.0. Etnografía del “alma pinkillo”. De YouTube al Titicaca
Authors: Fernández Juárez Gerardo
Published: July 2021

La investigación etnográfica ha sufrido el impacto significativo de los recursos digitales y de Internet. El dominio de los rituales y de las creencias, campos habituales de la investigación etnográfica y antropológica, también se han visto afectados en el abordaje de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación y de la información. El artículo muestra el caso de la aplicación de YouTube, marco referencial donde aparentemente se visualizan producciones de interés etnográfico, para valorar el caso de los “alma pinkillos” o “muqunis”, comparsas aymaras protagonistas de la festividad de Todos Santos en el Altiplano lacustre del Lago Titicaca. El artículo compara las producciones de YouTube procedentes del Cantón de Ajllata Grande, con las aportaciones etnográficas in situ, para poder valorar el peso específico que adquieren las producciones de YouTube en este caso. El artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre la implicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el estudio antropológico y etnográfico de los rituales
Teoria cnoty i zarzuty sytuacjonizmu
Authors: Winter Michael
Published: July 2021

Korzystając z niektórych odkryć dokonanych w ostatnich kilku dziesięcioleciach przez psychologię behawioralną, John Doris przypuszcza bezlitosny atak na tradycyjną etykę cnót. Jego zdaniem badanie ludzkiego zachowania pokazuje, że „trwałe cechy charakteru” bądź cnoty nie odgrywają żadnej istotnej roli w wyjaśnianiu szerokiego spektrum ludzkich zachowań. Doris słusznie podkreśla, że niezwracanie uwagi na ważne dane empiryczne przez etyków jest przejawem braku odpowiedzialności. W swojej pracy wyjaśniam, dlaczego zgromadzone do tej pory dane empiryczne nie dowodzą, że trwałe cechy charakteru nie odgrywają żadnej istotnej roli w wyjaśnianiu ludzkiego zachowania. Etyka cnót może wytłumaczyć wiele istotnych zachowań.
Expanding paid sick leave programs in the wake of COVID-19
Authors: Schriefer Paul C. , Born Patricia H.
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a profound effect on the U.S. workforce. Employers are struggling to make workforce decisions with the added constraint of preventing further spread of the virus, including the number of employees needed to operate at less-than-capacity and the number of employees that can work from home. Existing company policies and employment contracts may not effectively address employees’ personal experience with a situation like COVID-19, which may include a medical diagnosis of the virus, the need to quarantine due to exposure to another infected person, or the need to care for a child whose school or daycare is shut down due to the pandemic. In this paper, we explore the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for employers providing paid sick leave and paid family medical leave. Employers are facing a growing number of lawsuits alleging noncompliance with the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA). Paid sick leave mandates may be increasing employers’ exposure to employment practices liability insurance (EPLI), thus further complicating the legal considerations for employers as they navigate evolving guidelines for employee safety in the midst of a pandemic.
Insurance regulation in Europe: an analysis of effectiveness and efficiency
Authors: Eling Martin
Published: July 2021

Recent years have witnessed a great deal of controversy over the amount,
intensity and complexity of insurance regulation. The aim of this article is to analyze
the current development of insurance regulation in Europe with respect to its
effectiveness and efficiency. I first illustrate the increasing amount, cost and
complexity of insurance regulation. Then I analyze some unintended consequences
of the cost and complexity of regulation and discuss how effective and efficient
insurance regulation might look. I finish by discussing three suggestions for
policymakers: 1) reduce complexity; 2) increase transparency; and 3) conduct
systematic cost-benefit analyses before and after the implementation of regulation.
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF POST-CHEMOTHERAPY THROAT DRYING IN ONCOLOGY PATIENTS WITH NATURAL DRUG – ISLA MINT
Authors: GOGNADZE TINATIN , TSIKLAURI SHORENA , KUMAR GHANATE RAHUL , RAGINI RAGINI , L KUMAR NIKHI
Published: July 2021

Isla Mint is a natural drug, which has been used to treat the inflammation and dryness of oral mucosa, is extracted from the plant Iceland moss (Scientific name: Cetraria islandica). It contains substances that are characterized by its protective mucous membrane effects and its anti-irritant effect. The dose and therapeutic effectiveness have been analyzed in this clinical study.
On the role of social choice, the challenges of implementing the Treaty on the establishment of a United Russian-Belarusian State of December 8, 1999 and the integration constitutionalism
Authors: Baburin S. N.
Published: July 2021

The article reproduces the speech of Sergey N. Baburin at the plenary session of the inter-national scientific conference "Law Enforcement in Public and Private Law", which was held on March 26, 2021 at the Faculty of Law of the Dostoevsky Omsk State University. The conference was dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Fedor M. Dostoevsky. On the example of the law enforcement of the norms of the Treaty on the Creation of the Union Russian-Belarusian State of 1999 the speaker examines the issues of modern social choice in the development of mankind. Civilizm is proposed as a new social system, and the characteristics of its constitutionalism, political system, and justice system are described. The author argues for the necessity of establishing a moral state and creating a union state with the participation of Russia by using the mechanisms of integration constitutionalism.
A “moral state” or a new theocracy after all? Polemical notes in connection with the new concept of Russian statehood
Authors: Stankevich Z. A.
Published: July 2021

The article contains a review of Sergey N. Baburin's monograph “The Moral State. The Rus-sian view on the values of constitutionalism”. The review is presented in the form of a po-lemic about the concept of the so-called moral state, which has recently gained some pop-ularity in Russia due to the strengthening of conservative-traditionalist principles in the country's domestic and foreign policy.
The structure of logical, prescriptive and specialized legal norms
Authors: Kozhevnikov V. V.
Published: July 2021

The subject of this article is the norms of contemporary Russian law. The purpose of the article is the author's vision of the problem concerning the structure of the norms of contemporary Russian law. The following tasks were solved to achieve this goal: 1) to show the importance of the structure of the rule of law; 2) to analyze the arguments of both supporters and opponents of the three-tier structure of the logical rule of law; 3) substantiate the two-tier structure of prescriptive norms; 4) determine the status of specialized legal norms and their types; 5) to substantiate the author's vision of specialized legal norms.

The author uses a system of methods such as: general philosophical (dialectical-materialistic), general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.), special (philological, etc.), private scientific (formal-dogmatic, interpretation, etc.) methods. Conclusions. The author is not a supporter of the three-tier structure of the logical norm of law. It seems that theory and legal practice should focus on the structure of norms-prescriptions (regulatory and protective), respectively highlighting the hypothesis and disposition and the hypothesis and sanction. As for the specialized norms of law (declarative, norm-principles, definitive, operational), they include such structural components as a supposed hypothesis and a real disposition. Conflict norms as a kind of specialized norms include a real hypothesis and a real disposition.
Limits of restrictions of human rights and freedoms to ensure security (problem statement
Authors: Evstratov A. E. , Guchenkov I. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The subject. The world faced a coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Many states, including Russia, adopted harsh measures that were largely based on restricting human rights and freedoms in an effort to counter pandemic spread. Inter-State borders were closed, restrictions were imposed on the operation of public catering organizations and the holding of sports and entertainment events was suspended, some of the fundamental rights were heavily con-strained. This resulted in the growth of public disaffection, falling of incomes and a worsening of the overall economic environment. As a result, the problem of the permissibility of restrictions of human rights and freedoms for the sake of public security, as well as the requirements for such restrictions, had once again become relevant.

The purpose of the article is, firstly, to learn what is the concept of “freedom” nowadays, to define the conditions and principles of application the permissible restrictions on human rights and freedoms, their aims and purpose. The authors dare to analyze the laws and regulations establishing the possibility of restricting human rights and freedoms and to give a description of the procedure for imposing restrictions in situations of greater danger.

The methodology of research includes formal legal interpretation of legal acts, systemic approach to cognition of social relations, analysis and synthesis.

The main results, scope of application. The definition and concept of freedom, its limited character, the regulation of the possibility of its restriction for the purpose of protecting society have been studied and defined. Russian and international legislation on the restriction of human rights and freedoms has been analyzed. The principles on the basis of which it is permissible to restrict human rights and freedoms have been identified. The principle of the inadmissibility of restrictions on all rights and freedoms; the adequacy of the imposed restrictive measures to the existing threat; the principle of economic efficiency; the principle of detailed regulation of the imposed restrictions are among them. It has been found out that there is a threat of establishing tyranny with arbitrary restrictions on human rights and freedoms.

Conclusions. In today’s world, the restriction of human rights and freedoms should be considered as a necessary measure to ensure the security of the individuals and of society as a whole, especially in the situations of a great danger to public interests. At the same time, the imposing restrictions should be strictly regulated and, moreover, possible abuses should be avoided in order to minimize the negative consequences and avoid establishing totalitarian regime.
Responsibility of the president and the prosecutor's office for the integrity and security of the state
Authors: Blokhina N. A. , Vlasova M. A.
Published: July 2021

The subject. The evolution of regulation of prosecutor’s activity in Russian Constitution as well as the role of Prosecutor's Office in provision of national security and integrity are being considered.

The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the preservation of the Prosecutor's Office made it possible to prevent the destruction of the Russian Federation and protect the country's security from significant threats.

The methodology. The authors use a dialectical method as well as analysis and synthesis. An important role is given to formal legal interpretation of Russian Constitution and legal acts.

The main results, scope of application. The question of who saved the Russian Prosecutor's Office from the attempt to liquidate it in the autumn of 1993 is being covered in detail. There was not even a mention of the Prosecutor's Office in the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor's Office was supposed to be replaced by the institution of authorized representatives of the President in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Chapter 7 of the Russian Constitution was called "Judicial Power" until 2014, and it lacked the word "prosecutor's office", which caused a lot of bewilderment in the scientific and educational literature and turned the content of Chapter 7 into a kind of mystery. The article reveals the role of Alexander I. Kazannik in preserving the Russian Prosecutor's Office. The authors of the article name the main threats to state security: duplication of the powers of the federal government and the lack of effective legal guarantees of their responsibility, asymmetry of Russian federalism. Asymmetry leads to uneven implementation of citizens' rights and freedoms and distrust of power. The criteria for assessing the scientific activities of universities established in 2013 also pose a threat to state security.

Conclusions. President Vladimir Putin has preserved the integrity and sovereignty of Russia, enforced the principle of the supremacy of federal law and strengthens Russia's security with the help of the Prosecutor's Office. The authors propose measures to strengthen Russia's security: (1) introduce a competitive selection procedure for the post of Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation with the participation of civil society institutions, which would have the right to present candidates to the Federation Council; (2) adopt a federal law on the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation to avoid duplication of powers with the Russian Government and other authorities; (3) change the criteria for assessing the scientific activity of universities, established by the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation.
Patterns of Food Safety and Hygiene Practices Among Food Vendors in Government Primary School, Ikenne Local Government, Ogun State
Authors: T.A. Leslie , H.S. Bitrus , C.E. Abaribe , M.I. Okwuikpo , J.O. Maitanmi
Published: July 2021

Food borne illness has continued to be a serious public health problem in developing countries especially among school children (who are known as the high-risk group for intestinal parasitic infections), and this can be prevented by good hygiene practices among vendors in the schools. School children are exposed to hazards of purchasing and consuming food from food vendors who may harbour dangerous pathogens or have the potential of spreading infection to a large number of other students, owing to their food safety and hygiene practices. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of food safety and hygiene practices among food vendors in public primary schools in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and the target population comprised 48 food vendors. The analysis revealed that 8.3% of the respondents had low knowledge of food safety and hygiene, 18.8% had moderate knowledge and 72.9% of them had high knowledge of food safety and hygiene. One-third of the respondents (33.3%) moderately practice food safety and hygiene and 66.7% highly practice food safety and hygiene. Factors that affected food safety and hygiene practices were access to protective equipment (100%), access to potable water (100%) and indoor food preparation environment (50%). There was a significant difference in the pattern of practice of food safety and hygiene among food vendors based on the level of knowledge of food safety and hygiene practice (p=0.000; t=45.208) and the level of education of the food vendors (p=0.00; t= 52.208). The study concluded that knowledge of food safety and hygiene practices among food vendors in public primary schools in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria was high, though there was moderate practice. The study recommended that food vendors should be exposed to more training, regular monitoring, as well as providing basic facilities for food preparation in order to prevent the outbreak of food borne diseases among children.
Isocratic RP-UHPLC method development and validation of stability-indicating for simultaneous determination of teneligliptin and metformin in fixed-dose combination
Authors: Patel Viralkumar , Pandya Chintan , Patel Zalak , Patel Dharmesh , Pandya Aditee
Published: July 2021

The pharmaceutical combination of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide hydrate (TEN) and Metformin Hydrochloride (MET) drugs is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A new analytical method: QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) has been developed for the quantification of Teneligliptin (TEN) and Metformin (MET) in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The analysis was performed on Agilent symmetry analytical column Eclipse plus C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) ultra- performance liquid chromatography-Diode Array Detectors (UHPLC-DAD), while the detection was performed on 233 nm using Diode Array Detectors. Buffer and acetonitrile (65:35 v/v) were the mobile phase, run at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 for isocratic elution. The buffer used in the mobile phase contained 50 mM potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, pH adjusted to 3.5±0.02 with orthophosphoric acid. The mean values of recovery were found to be 100.50% and 99.81%. The proposed method could be ideal for quantitative evaluation in pharmaceutical preparations of these drugs and also for their quality control in bulk manufacturing. Stress test covers: acid, base, peroxide, thermal and photolytic degradation; were conducted to show the specificity of the method and degradation.
The optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated organic molecules based on terphenyl and pyrrole for BHJ solar cells: DFT / TD-DFT theoretical study
Authors: Raftani M. , Abram T. , Loued W. , Kacimi R. , Azaid A. , Alimi K. , Bennani M. N. , Bouachrine M.
Published: July 2021

In the present paper, four π-conjugated materials, based on terphenyl and pyrrole, with A–D–A structure have been theoretically studied to propose new organic compounds to be used in the organic solar cell field. Moreover, the geometrical and optoelectronic properties of the designed molecules M1, M2, M3 and M4 have been computed after optimization in their fundamental states, using the quantum chemical method DFT / B3LYP/ 6−311G (d, p). Different parameters including HOMO and LUMO energy levels, bandgap energy, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), chemical reactivity indices, the density of states (DOS), Voc, electrostatic potential (ESP), and thermodynamic parameters at several temperatures in the range of 0-500 K have been determined. The absorption properties including the transition energy, the wavelengths (λmax), the excitation vertical energy, and the corresponding oscillator strengths of these molecules have been studied using the quantum chemical method TD−DFT / CAM–B3LYP / 6–311G (d, p). The obtained results of our studied compounds show that M3 (with 2H, 2'H-1, 1'-biisoindole moiety) as a donor group has special optoelectronic, absorption, and good photovoltaic characteristics. Thus, they can be utilized as an electron-donating in organic solar cells BHJ type.
A concise review on some synthetic routes and applications of pyridine scaffold compounds
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Shaban A. A. , El-Dean Adel M. Kamal , ul-Malik Mokhtar A. Abd , Abd-Ella Aly A. , Al-Taifi Elham A. , Hassanien Reda , El-Sayed Mohamed E. A. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Zawam Sameh A. , Bakhite Etify A.
Published: July 2021

Different methods for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives as well as the chemical reactivity profiles and structures of these substances are reviewed. The utility of these compounds as precursors is emphasized in the synthesis of many heterocycles that are pharmacologically active organic compounds and agrochemicals. This review results from a literature survey containing some synthetic methods and applications of pyridine derivatives.
Studies on Durability Factors of Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Tirumala Seshadri Sekhar
Published: July 2021

The demand for high strength self compacting concrete is growing up today due to the increase of high rise structures across the globe because of its durability and ease of its place ability. It is very important to study its durability properties as it effects on economy, serviceability and maintenance. it is well known that the properties of concrete are affected by cementitious matrix, aggregate and the transition zone between the two phases. Reducing water powder ratio and addition of pozollona admixtures like Fly ash and Microsilica are often used to modify the micro structure of the matrix and to optimize the transition zone. An attempt was made to study the durability factors of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete Mixes. Durability properties have been established by exposing the concrete to Acidic and Suplhate medium.
Understanding various dimensions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation in the context of development induced displacement: A review study
Authors: Amin Wakar , Gul Aamir , Hassan Gh.
Published: July 2021

The research paper tries to present the concept of development induced displacement. The present research paper is a systematic review study that highlights various dimensions of resettlement and rehabilitation within the context of development induced displacement. Development induced displacement has been one of the significant cause of deprivation of livelihood of the people, and it is in this backdrop that the study has tried to highlight the global scenario of resettlement and rehabilitation. This review study would be effective for developing an understanding about the various dimensions of resettlement and rehabilitation in the context of development induced displacement.
Laws Relating to Contempt of Court
Authors: Rao Priya , Kumar Tiwari Abhay
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the various provisions relating to contempt in shrine under constitution and the statute. Also in this paper author elaborated development of Contempt Law in India, explaining the present situation. The paper includes various judgments of Hon’ble Supreme Courtand high court and their observation on the contempt law.
ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ЭПОХИ ПАЛЕОМЕТАЛЛА ЖЕЗКАЗГАН-УЛЫТАУСКОГО РЕГИОНА в 2020 году
Authors: Байтілеу Дархан Айтжанұлы , Бермагамбетов Арман Жилкайдарович , Искаков Айдар Шарханович , Калиева Жанаргуль Сериковна
Published: July 2021

В статье представлены предварительные результаты исследования геоархеологических производственных объектов и археологических памятников различных категорий эпохи бронзы в Улытауском районе Карагандинской области, которые были проведены в 2020 году в рамках исполнения задач по грантовой теме «Горное дело и металлургия Центрального Казахстана в эпоху палеометалла». В ходе проведенных исследований была дополнена база данных археологических памятников эпохи палеометалла и связанных с ними геоархеологических производственных объектов Жезказган-Улытауского региона. Проведенные работы позволили провести корреляцию распространения археологических памятников и геолого-минералогической приуроченности рудников эпохи бронзы в Улытау-Жезказганском регионе.
КУЗНЕЧНОЕ РЕМЕСЛО СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ ГОРОДОВ ИЛЕЙСКОЙ ДОЛИНЫ(историография и датирование чугунных изделий)
Authors: Савельева Тамара Владимировна , Зиняков Николай Максимович , Камалдинов Ильяр Рамильевич
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена истории изучения кузнечного ремесла на обширной территории Евразии с эпохи средневековья до настоящего времени. Цель данной публикации – дать историю изучения черной металлургии и металлообработки в рамках широких временных и территориальных границ, в частности, и постсоветского пространства, которое в данном контексте понимается как единое научное пространство. Рассматриваются способы производства чугунных изделий ремесленниками средневековых городов Илейской/Илийской долины (Северо-Восточное Жетысу/Семиречье) по коллекциям из раскопок городов Алматы и Тальхира. Особое внимание уделяется методам датировки артефактов из чугуна. Выявленное высокое содержание серистого компонента и низкого углерода в чугуне свидетельствует об использовании ремесленниками Алматы и Тальхира специального высокотемпературного режима плавки для достижения графитизации и получения ковкого чугуна.
ТАҒЛЫМЫ МОЛ ҰСТАЗ-ҒАЛЫМ – УАХИТ ХАМЗАҰЛЫ ШӘЛЕКЕНОВ (1924–2020)
Authors: Акымбек Ералы Шардарбекұлы
Published: July 2021

18 ноября 2020 г. ушел из жизни Уахит Хамзинович Шалекенов – ученый, посвятивший свою жизнь развитию отечественной археологии и этнографии. Начиная с 1973 г. и до конца жизни он проработал в КазНУ им. аль-Фараби, внес большой вклад в подготовку будущих археологов, превратив городище Актобе (Жамбылская обл., Шуский р-н) в базу полевых стажировок, где он долгие годы проводил исследования. В 2014 г. Уахит Хамзинович поспособствовал включению городища Актобе в Список всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Научное наследие У.Х. Шалекенова очень ценно.
САРМАТУ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ АРХЕОЛОГИИ… Памяти Сейткалиева Мейрама (05.05.1982–29.10.2020)
Authors: Амиров Ерлан Шарефович
Published: July 2021

29 октября 2020 г. пришла страшная новость – умер молодой казахстанский ученый Мейрам Сейткалиев. На этих страницах хотелось бы вспомнить о нем как о ярком археологе. Археология была его страстью, он чувствовал свое призвание на этом поприще. Его харизма располагала к нему людей и позволяла эффективно руководить коллективами как в поле, так и в кабинете.
ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ЭПОХИ БРОНЗЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ПРИКАСПИЯ
Authors: Лошакова Татьяна Николаевна
Published: July 2021

В статье приводятся данные, иллюстрирующие этапы изучения памятников древней истории на территории плато Устюрт. От первых упоминаний о плато Устюрт в письменный источниках до его всестороннего изучения прошло более тысячи лет. Научные исследования, проводимые до середины XX в., прежде всего, касались изучения геологии, климата и почв. Непосредственно археологические исследования начинаются после Великой Отечественной войны. Именно вторая половина XX в. стала определяющим этапом в изучении памятников археологии, в том числе энеолита–бронзы Прикаспия. Начало XXI в. обозначилось новым витком исследований памятников эпохи бронзы – изучением поселенческих комплексов Токсанбай и Айтман. Работы Западно-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции Института археологии им. А. Х. Маргулана под руководством З. Самашева и при активном участии А. С. Ермолаевой фактически положили начало периоду накопления археологического материала этой эпохи. Исследования проводились комплексно – с привлечением специалистов смежных дисциплин: почвоведения, палинологии, зоологии, трасологии, керамологии и др. Науке открылся перспективный в археологическом отношении район, где в эпоху энеолита–бронзы происходили процессы активного освоения территории, отразившиеся в историческом прошлом региона.
РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ: АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН НА ШЕЛКОВОМ ПУТИ Баку: Изд-во «Tahsil», 2020. 384 с.
Authors: Байтанаев Бауыржан
Published: July 2021

В рецензии дана положительная оценка новому изданию, посвященному изучению актуальной темы – истории Великого Шелкового пути. Книга подготовлена авторским коллективом, состоящим из археологов, историков, востоковедов и архитекторов. Руководителем проекта и научным редактором книги является известный и в нашем регионе специалист в области изучения Шелкового пути, академик Национальной Академии наук Азербайджана Ш. М. Мустафаев. Книга подготовлена и издана при поддержке Международного Фонда тюркской культуры и наследия. Рецензируемая книга является первым опытом анализа влияния Шелкового пути на процесс исторического развития Азербайджана на протяжении всего периода его функционирования от античности до позднего средневековья.
The Numerus Clausus: A Transitory Act between Liberal and Ethnic Nationalisms
Authors: Egry Gábor
Published: July 2021

This contribution situates the numerus clausus law in the process of the transformation of Hungarian nationalism, which started around the 1890s. The law was a transitory piece of legislation, consciously worded not as a radical break with, but rather a continuation of the emancipatory aspects of liberal nationalism. Its more immediate foundations can be traced to the transformation of citizenship through the welfare and redistribution attached to group membership, as well as the idea that higher education provided entry into the authentic leading strata of the nation, the middle class. Both were ideas that gained in prominence during World War I.
Prospects for the Study of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
Authors: Palmer Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Freeman studies flourished in the 1970s through the 1990s, and many rely on the groundbreaking work from that era. But Freeman studies has continued to develop. New interpretations of perennial favorite short stories have appeared, undiscovered texts have been brought to light, different contexts have been pinpointed, and fresh outlooks on feminist questions have been staked out. Scholars interested in reading Freeman will benefit from combining a focus on the heyday with a focus on new developments. These have included a more critical examination of female bonds, the Gothic, the criminal, naturalism, materialism, and ecocriticism. After reviewing recent bibliographical and textual studies of Freeman and these critical developments, the essay urges more focus on Freeman's novels and considers future directions Freeman studies might take.
Yda H. Addis (ca. 1857–?): An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Treviño Rene H.
Published: July 2021

This bibliography represents the first scholarly one devoted to the published work of Yda Hillis Addis, a late nineteenth-century American writer affiliated with California's literary scene. To date, Addis's work has received little scholarly attention, but it warrants reevaluation for how it enriches our understanding of the transnational character of California literature near the turn of the twentieth century. Throughout Addis's work, which includes poetry, short fiction, journalism, travel writing, and local California history, she advances cross-cultural understanding between readers on opposite sides of the US-Mexico border. Her travel writing provides readers with the vicarious experience of visiting Mexico City, Xalapa, Querétaro, Zacatecas, and other regions in Mexico; her bilingual nonfiction, which appears in US and Mexican periodicals, addresses the sociocultural and material development of Mexico and even defends the country against American prejudices and misconceptions; and her English translations and adaptations of some of Mexico's most famous folktales acquaint US audiences with a vital segment of Mexico's literary tradition. Readers of Addis's work will also find strong feminist themes, as she wrote more than one story in which a strong female character opposes male sexual license with deadly violence.
How Do Libraries Really Build Manuscript Collections?
Authors: Myerson Joel
Published: July 2021

This book traces how archives are placed according to the wishes of their subjects and/or their families, the efforts of library directors or curators, or the commercial activities of literary agents and/or book/manuscript dealers who act as intermediates between owners of an archive and an institution wishing to purchase it.
Undervisningsarbeidarar og dåpsopplæring i Den norske kyrkja
Authors: Austnaberg Hans
Published: July 2021

Church education workers and baptismal instruction in the Church of Norway

The main research question of this article is how educational workers in the Church of Norway experience their contribution in connection with baptism in their local congregation. The article is based on qualitative research interviews in two dioceses in the Church of Norway, with six educational church workers in six different congregations. They have different titles, partly due to educational background, and two work in city churches, two in suburban churches and two in countryside churches. The theoretical perspectives are taken from the national terms of employment for catechists and the national plan for Christian education, different concepts for knowledge and learning, and how educational workers in the Church of Norway construct identity in relation to church education. Several of the educational workers seldom teach about the content of baptism. In spite of this, they see baptism as important and as the point of departure for all Christian education. Both the national terms of employment for catechists and the national plan for Christian education emphasise that their responsibility is to further baptismal instruction and equip children to live a baptismal life, but it does not seem that all the educational workers interpret this to comprise teaching the content of baptism, which they often delegate to the ministers. Their pedagogy is marked by a focus on practical issues connected to baptism. It seems as they to a little extent connect their identity to work with baptism, maybe because of the long tradition of the minister as responsible for this area. The author calls for more research with a larger number of respondents and challenges the churches to reflect and discuss how to continue a cooperation between ministers and church education workers now that the church education reform is running.
Tendances évolutives de la rougeole en Commune VI du District de Bamako de 2014 à 2018
Authors: S Ouattara
Published: July 2021

Introduction : La rougeole est une maladie éruptive fébrile, due à un virus de la famille des Paramyxoviridae (Morbillivirus) qui se transmet par voie aérienne, d'une personne à l'autre, par les gouttelettes respiratoires en suspension dans l'air. Le Mali a enregistré 87 cas de rougeole 2016, 17 cas en 2017 et 414 cas en 2018. L'objectif était de décrire les cas suspects et confirmés en personnes, temps, lieu et déterminer les tendances évolutives de la rougeole en Commune IV de 2014 à 2018. Matériel et méthodes : il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive en déroulée en Juin 2019. La population d'étude était constituée des cas suspects et confirmés de rougeole enregistrés dans la base de données de surveillance. Nos données ont été saisies et analysées sur Excel 2013 et Epi Info 7. Résultats : L'enquête a porté sur un total de 213 cas dont 39 positifs soit une fréquence de 18,31%. La moyenne d'âge était de 4,98 ans et 5,50 ans respectivement chez les positifs. Les enfants de moins 5 ans ont été les plus atteints autant pour la suspicion que pour la confirmation. C'est à Sénou (28 cas) et à Yirimadio (34 cas) que venaient les plus grands nombres de cas notifiés. De 2014 à 2018, il y a eu deux épidémies notamment en 2015 et 2018. Tous les cas ont été guéris sauf trois qui sont décédés en 2018 à Sokorodji. Conclusion : Les enfants de moins 5 ans étaient plus atteints. Deux épidémies sont survenues. Tous les cas ont été guéris sauf 3 décédés. La compréhension de la dynamique de cette maladie nécessitera l'évaluation des facteurs déterminants de la survenue de la rougeole en commune VI.
Etude de la morbidité des enfants de 0 à 59 mois à la mutuelle DEMBA NYUMAN en Commune VI du district de Bamako
Authors: F Sangho , CA Coulibaly
Published: July 2021

Introduction : L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier la morbidité des enfants de 0 à 59 mois à la Mutuelle DEMBA NYUMAN en commune VI du district de Bamako. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale avec recueil des données prospectives allant du 1er Janvier au 31 Décembre 2018. Nous avons recensé 430 patients répondant aux critères d'inclusion. Résultats : Les enfants âgés de 12 à 23 mois étaient les plus représentés soit 23,7% avec une prépondérance féminine (50,2%), la majorité habitait à Niamakoro (76%). La diarrhée associée aux vomissements constituait le motif de consultation le plus fréquent (22,1%), suivi de la rhinorrhée accompagnée de la toux (18,8%). Le Test de diagnostic (TDR) du paludisme était l'examen complémentaire le plus demandé soit 58,50%. Les principales pathologies responsables de morbidité étaient : le paludisme (34,88%), les infections respiratoires hautes (14,65%), et les infections respiratoires basses (13,26%). Le schéma thérapeutique utilisé, parmi les enquêtés atteints de paludisme, 31,33% ont été traité par principalement atrhemeter+antibiotique+antipyrétique ; et ceux atteints de gastroentérite par du métronidazole + Cotrimoxazole + SRO (35,19%). Conclusion : la morbidité chez les enfants de 0 à 59 mois était dominée par deux des quatre morbidités les plus fréquentes chez les enfants de cette tranche d'âge ; à savoir le paludisme suivi des infections respiratoires.Mots clés : Mutuelle DEMBA NYUMAN, enfants de 0 à 59 mois, morbidité
Facteurs déterminants de la faible utilisation des soins curatifs du centre de santé communautaire de Lassa en commune IV de Bamako en 2017
Authors: Simaga Karamoko
Published: July 2021

Introduction : La couverture universelle en matière de santé a un impact direct sur la santé de la population. L'accès aux services de santé permet aux gens d'être plus productifs et de contribuer plus activement à la vie familiale et communautaire. Cette étude a été menée dans le but de comprendre les facteurs déterminants l'utilisation des services de soins curatifs dans le Centre de Santé Communautaire de Lassa en commune IV du district de Bamako en 2017. Matériel et Méthodes : Une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique a été menée dans l'aire de santé de Lassa. Ont participé à cette étude, les chefs de ménages ayant résidé dans l'aire de santé pendant au moins 6 mois après l'obtention du consentement éclairé. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide des questionnaires. Une analyse de régression logistique multi-variée a été faite pour les variables ayant obtenu une valeur p ˂ 0,05 (association statistiquement significative) à l'analyse bi-variée en utilisant le logiciel SPSS 21.0. Résultats : L'utilisation des soins curatifs était de 36,9%. La régression logistique multi variée a montré que le manque de confiance aux personnels soignant (p=0,0001), les chefs des ménages de sexe masculin (p=0,0001), et le statut de non adhérant des chefs des ménages au CSCom (p=0,011) étaient significativement associés à la faible utilisation des soins curatifs du CSCom de Lassa. Conclusion : Il est possible d'améliorer le taux d'utilisation des soins curatifs du CSCom, si certaines mesures sont prises en compte (la promotion des mécanismes de partage de risque par des mutuelles de santé, la promotion des activités génératrices de revenus).
Aspects épidemio-cliniques et pronostic des intoxications aigues aux médicaments et autres produits chimiques au Mali
Authors: Ag Iknane A , Coulibaly Y , Diallo A , Diango DM , Maiga BA , Teme A
Published: July 2021

Dans le but d'étudier les aspects épidemio-cliniques et évolutifs des intoxications aigues aux médicaments et autres produits chimiques, une étude prospective non exhaustive, multicentrique, étalée sur une période de 12 mois, d'octobre 2009 au mois de novembre 2010 a été réalisée. Etaient concernés par cette étude, les patients admis dans les structures sanitaires CHU Gabriel Touré, Centre de santé de référence (csref) commune IV et V pour intoxication aiguë aux médicaments et autres produits chimiques sans distinction de race, d'âge, ou de sexe. La collecte des données s'est faite à partir d'une fiche d'enquête individuelle pour chaque patient, comportant l'identité de l'enquêté, mode d'admission, les circonstances de survenue, état du patient, indentification du produit incriminé, mode de présentation du produit, signes associés, conduites thérapeutiques et devenir du malade. 160 cas d'intoxication avaient été recensés. Les tranches d'âges les plus représentées étaient de 0 à 4 ans et de 20 à 24 ans avec respectivement 35,0% et 17,50 %. Dans 69,35 % le mode de survenue était accidentel. L'intoxication médicamenteuse était la plus incriminé (53,75 %) avec en tête la chloroquine (38,4%) suivi par le paracétamol (15,0 %). Les troubles digestifs et neurologiques dominaient le tableau clinique avec respectivement 40,9% et 32,50 %. L'évolution a été favorable dans 99,40%. L'intoxication est fréquente, le tableau clinique varié, la mortalité reste faible.
Prévalence des mariages précoces dans les régions septentrionales du Mali.
Authors: Ag Iknane A , Cisse I , Diawara A , Kante S , Sow A , Thiero TH , Toure M
Published: July 2021

Si la pratique des mariages précoces a reculé au niveau mondial au cours des 30 dernières années, elle est encore répandue chez pays les plus pauvres et en zones rurales. C'est en Asie du Sud, en Afrique de l'ouest et en Afrique centrale qu'elle est la plus fréquente. Une étude prospective de type descriptive, ayant utilisé une approche quantitative et qualitative a porté sur la pratique des mariages précoces d'octobre 2007 à novembre 2009 dans les régions de Mopti, Gao et Tombouctou. La pratique du mariage précoce est restée assez importante dans les trois régions étudiées avec des niveaux de prévalence de 52,3 % à Mopti, 63,3% à Gao et 58% à Tombouctou. La pratique est resté fortement endogamique avec 85%de mariage précoce pratiqués au sein de la même famille à Tombouctou, 71,6% à Mopti, et 37,2% à Gao. Toutes les ethnies étaient concernées. La principale raison du mariage précoce était la peur des grossesses illégitimes avec 51,7 % à Tombouctou, 42,8 % à Gao et41,1 % à Mopti
Devenir des enfants malnutris aigus de 6-59 mois suivis dans quatre communes du district de Bamako entre 2008 et 2009.
Authors: Telly N , Guindo O , Diawara N , Diakité SB , Ag Iknane A
Published: July 2021

Notre étude avait pour but d'évaluer, selon le protocole 2007 de l'OMS, les activités de prise en charge des enfants de 6 à 59 mois malnutris au niveau de quatre communes du district de Bamako. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive réalisée de 2010 à 2011 basée essentiellement sur l'exploitation des données des rapports d'activités des structures de la période de 2008 à 2009.
Au total 1612 cas de malnutrition ont été inclus dans cette étude dont 639 en 2008 et 973 en 2009 parmi lesquels 65% de cas de malnutrition était aiguë modéré en 2008 et 62 % en 2009 ; et 35 % de cas de malnutrition aigüe sévère en 2008 et 38 % en 2009). Le taux le plus élevé d'enfants malnutris a été observé en 2008 en commune 1 avec 54,02 %, et en 2009 en commune 5 avec 42,55%. La majorité des malnutris guéris (79,42%) a été enregistré dans la commune V en 2008. Le taux de décès était resté sensiblement égal au cours des deux années de prise en charge 2,66/2,77 %. Les abandons ont représenté 13,93% du total de malnutris suivis en 2008 et 11,10% en 2009.
L'extension du protocole 2007 de l'OMS à l'ensemble des communes du district constitue une opportunité pour le renforcement des activités de lutte contre la malnutrition.
Evaluation des risques sanitaires liés à l'alimentation de rue dans le District de Bamako
Authors: Sako M , Kone S , Yaro F , Traore A , Diallo A , Sangare S , Diakite F , Diallo F , Kanoute G , Diarra O , Camara M , Cisse D , Keita S
Published: July 2021

Au Mali, l"alimentation de rue s"est fortement développée ces dernières années avec l"effet de l"exode rural, la croissance démographique dans les villes et surtout avec l"instauration par l"Etat de la journée continue intervenue à partir de 1992 qui maintient les travailleurs hors de leur foyer pour de très longues heures. La présente étude avait pour objectif d"évaluer les risques sanitaires liés à l"alimentation de rue dans le district de Bamako pour promouvoir la santé des consommateurs. L"étude a porté sur un échantillon de 138 établissements dans les 6 communes du District de Bamako. Il a été procédé à la détermination de la qualité sanitaire (microbiologique et chimique) des aliments de rue vendus dans le District de Bamako et à la classification des risques associés à l"alimentation de rue dans le district de Bamako, sous l"optique de la démarche du HACCP et de l"approche intégrée (vision FAO/OMS). Afin d"identifier les points critiques et de proposer des mesures de maitrise de la contamination microbienne 21 diagrammes de fabrication ont été élaborés et ont concerné tous les aliments contaminés. La classification des risques a été faite selon la procédure du Food and Drogue Administration des USA., outil internationalement reconnu et appliqué par le Codex Alimentatrus. Sur les 59 échantillons analysés, 31 sont contaminés sur le plan bactériologique. Sur les 24 échantillons soumis à l"analyse toxicologique, 8 présentent des niveaux de résidus de pesticides élevés. Les résultats montrent (i) la majorité des établissements de production/vente d"aliments de rue qui n"applique pas les mesures d"hygiène et de fabrication (BPH/BPF) appropriées et (ii) un niveau de contamination élevé (46 - 62 sur l"échelle Risk Ranking du FDA) qui fait de l"alimentation de rue dans le District de Bamako une préoccupation en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments. L"application des mesures correctives par le personnel des gargotes, a permis de maîtriser la contamination, ce qui est la preuve de la pertinence et l"efficacité de ces mesures.
Etude epidémiologique et clinique des urgences cardiovasculaires observées dans le service de cardiologie du CHU du POINT G.
Authors: Diall IB , Menta I , Coulibaly S , Sidibe N , Diallo BA
Published: July 2021

Nous rapportont les résultats d"une étude prospective sur les urgences cardio-vasculaires réalisée sur une période d"un an dans le service de Cardiologie du CHU du Point G. Leur prévalence était de 24,8%, le sexe masculin représentait 53,7%, l"âge moyen était de 57,42 ans; plus de la moitié des patients (64%) étaient urbains et avaient dans 57,7% des cas un niveau de vie moyen. Les patients ont été transférés à l"hôpital dans 93,1% des cas, assuré par des véhicules usagers . Le délai moyen d"admission après l"apparition des premiers signes était de plus de 3 jours. L"hypertension artérielle (HTA) avec 52% et le tabac (37,1%) constituaient les facteurs de risque dominants. Les principaux tableaux d"urgence étaient l"insuffisance cardiaque, l"accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) et l"œdème aigu du poumon avec des fréquences respectives à 50,9%, 18,9% et 12,5%. La mortalité dans la série a été de 23,4% et l"insuffisance cardiaque avec 53,8% représentait l"affection la plus meurtrière.