bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RGS10 Deficiency Alleviated Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation Through Suppression of Th1/Th17 Cell Immune Responses in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Yang Yonghong , Shao Yiming , Gao Xizhuang , Hu Zongjing , Wang Yan , Ma Cuimei , Jin Guiyuan , Zhu Fengqin , Dong Guanjun , Zhou Guangxi
Published: October 2024

Regulator of G‐protein signalling (RGS) 10 plays critical roles in several immune related diseases. However, whether RGS10 is involved in colonic inflammation of ulcerative colitis (UC) is still obscure. This study aimed to investigate the role of RGS10 in UC. In this study, RGS10 expression was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent analysis. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of intestinal mucosa was performed to identify key immune cells with differentially expressed RGS10. RGS10 knockout mice were generated and established dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. Expression of inflammatory cytokines on mRNA and protein levels was detected by qRT‐PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. We found that RGS10 expression was significantly elevated in UC patients, especially in CD4+ T cells, compared with healthy subjects. Intriguingly, RGS10 deficiency markedly alleviated DSS‐induced colitis and decreased the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs), peripheral blood (PB), spleens, and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs). Mechanistically, RGS10 deficiency blocked the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3. The co‐immunoprecipitation analysis further showed that RGS10 could interact with protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 2 (PTPN2), and further regulated Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation of CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, RGS10 deficiency alleviated intestinal mucosal inflammation through inhibition of Th1/Th17 cell‐mediated immune responses via interaction with PTPN2 in CD4+ T cells. Therefore, targeting RGS10 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for UC treatment.
Using Implementation Science to Implement Evidence‐Based Practice: A Discursive Paper
Authors: Chays‐Amania Audrey , Schwingrouber Jocelyn , Colson Sébastien
Published: October 2024

Aim

The purpose of this manuscript is to offer an overview of knowledge regarding Evidence‐Based Practice and implementation science. It addresses the question: What are the EBP implementation models used in nursing settings?

Design

Discursive paper.

Methods

The databases were searched with the following keywords: ‘Nursing Faculty’, ‘Nurse educator’, ‘Academic’, ‘clinic’, ‘Evidence‐based implementation’, ‘evidence‐based practice’, ‘implementation’, ‘implementation science’, ‘undergraduate’, ‘nurse’. The search strategy aims to identify published studies. Eight databases were searched.

Results

There are specific implementation models for implementing EBP: the IOWA Model, the Stetler Model, the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Model, the Stevens Star Model, the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS), the Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close collaboration (ARCC) model. They were analysed according to the Nilsen classification. An evidence‐based implementation project must be structured. First, it is necessary to choose an implementation model, then identify one or more implementation strategies, and finally, plan evaluation for implementation outcome. The use of implementation science ensures successful implementation or at least highlights barriers that need adjustment. Effective utilisation of implementation science facilitates the transfer of obtained results to similar contexts.

Conclusion

Implementation science complements the EBP process perfectly and ensures the proper implementation of evidence.

Implication for the Profession

EBP mentors now have the entire structure of implementation science to succeed in implementing evidence‐based data in both academic and clinical settings.

Impact

The discursive paper addresses the difficulties of implementing evidence in academic or clinical settings. Implementation science is the bridge between evidence and practice. Nurses now have everything they need to implement evidence‐based practice successfully.

No Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public involvement in the design or writing of this discursive article.
Treatment Modalities of Uncomplicated Crown Fracture in Anterior Maxillary Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paulina  , Dhawan Pankaj , Jain Neha
Published: October 2024

Aim

Several treatment modalities have been used to restore crown fractures in case of uncomplicated crown fractures. Although many treatment modalities have been reported, there is no consensus on which one has the best results in terms of success and durability. This systematic review of treatment modalities in uncomplicated crown fractures aims to provide the most common and successful treatment modality for each patient's unique needs, balancing conservation, aesthetics, and long‐term durability.

Materials and Methods

Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for articles regarding treatment modalities in uncomplicated crown fractures in anterior maxillary teeth.

Results

Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 case reports, four case series, and two retrospective studies were selected for the review. These studies reported on fragment reattachment, direct composite resin, and veneers for the management of uncomplicated crown fractures. Fragment reattachment was the most preferred treatment modality, with milk, water, or sterile saline used as storage mediums. Direct composite restoration was preferred for missing or bad‐shaped fragments or longevity. Veneers were given for aesthetic consideration and fracture resistance when the crown structure was majorly affected by the fracture. Fragment reattachment was favored in 63% of the articles included in the review followed by direct composite restoration in 26% of the articles. Venners were used in about 11% of the articles. Composites depicted a higher survival rate and a better outcome than fragment reattachment. Follow‐up periods ranged from 1 week to 4 years, and all articles successfully re‐established function and aesthetics, except for one tooth that required root canal treatment.

Conclusion

Fragment reattachment, direct composite restoration, and veneers are successful treatment modalities in uncomplicated crown fractures of anterior teeth. The choice of treatment depends on various factors like availability of fragments, age, and financial condition of the patient.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42020153091
Reliability and Educational Suitability of TikTok Videos as a Source of Information on Sleep and Awake Bruxism: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Cannatà Davide , Galdi Marzio , Russo Alessio , Scelza Carmine , Michelotti Ambrosina , Martina Stefano
Published: October 2024

Background

TikTok contains many videos about bruxism that may help raise the level of awareness on the topic. However, the quality of these videos' information represents the greatest concern.

Objective

The present cross‐sectional analysis aimed to systematically assess the reliability and educational suitability of TikTok videos as a source of information on bruxism.

Methods

TikTok was searched for relevant videos uploaded until 6 March 2024, using the hashtags #bruxism, #grindingteeth and #jawclenching. Independent pre‐calibrated operators conducted video inclusion and data collection, noting videos' characteristics, source, popularity, content, reliability (assessed through the DISCERN scoring system) and educational value (assessed through the Global Quality Score [GQS]). The Kruskal–Wallis test was adopted to compare videos from different sources. Videos with low and high educational value were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Tests were considered significant when the p‐value was < 0.05.

Results

A total of 105 bruxism videos were analysed. Most videos covered bruxism management and clinical features, and more than 60% were uploaded by healthcare professionals. According to the DISCERN and GQS scoring, the videos' reliability and educational value were judged to be very poor and low, respectively, but on average they were higher for videos uploaded by healthcare professionals compared to those uploaded by laypeople. When comparing videos with high educational value to those with low educational value, differences were found in popularity, content and reliability.

Conclusion

The present results suggest the need for greater control of information disseminated on social media to fulfil its potential role in educating laypeople about bruxism.
“We Want to be There to Support … Do We Have the Capacity to Do That?” Current Priorities and Challenges in School Social Work
Authors: Murphy Jennifer , Borge Katherine A. , Harrell Danielle R. , Javna Alex , Craft Kaija
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

While adolescent mental health needs have continued to rise, schools have become a central location for adolescents seeking support for mental health needs, and approximately 96% of public schools in the United States report providing some form of mental health care to students. This study aims to explore school social workers' current challenges and priorities in their roles.

METHODS

Qualitative focus groups with current school social workers in Virginia (N = 16) were conducted for this study. Participants worked in middle and high schools for a minimum of 3 years across the state. Braun and Clarke's steps for thematic analysis were used to guide coding and themes.

RESULTS

The current study found 3 primary themes: (1) role confusion due to vast scope of responsibilities within their schools; (2) a disconnect between desired roles and assigned roles and responsibilities; and (3) lack of formal model of service provision.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Focus should be placed on the integration of current models of school social work practice to ensure the effective utilization of their services.

CONCLUSIONS

The study reveals important information regarding the current and future state of school social work practice.
Risk factors for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in stroke patients: A scoping review
Authors: Solomon Owusu Mensah , Gu Yujia , Wei Yehong
Published: October 2024

Background

Feeding intolerance is a common issue in stroke patients who are receiving enteral nutrition, and it has a substantial effect on their recovery and rehabilitation. Understanding the various factors of feeding intolerance in this patient population is vital for improving care and outcomes.

Aim

This review aims to map the existing literature on enteral nutrition in stroke patients, identifying key themes, gaps and areas for future research.

Study design

This review was conducted as a scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist to ensure comprehensive coverage and methodological rigour. We conducted a scoping review by searching databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI and WangFang from 1 January 2000 to 31 January 2024. We aimed to locate research about issues with enteral nutrition feeding in stroke patients. We collected data on the patient's characteristics, medical status, therapies, feeding protocols and nursing care. A total of 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.

Results

Twenty‐two influencing factors were identified and categorized into patient factors (5), disease factors (8), treatment factors (2), feeding management factors (5) and nursing factors (2). Notably, age, intra‐abdominal pressure, serum albumin levels, APACHE‐II scores and central venous pressure (CVP) were among the most commonly reported.

Conclusions

This scoping introduction uniquely focuses on stroke patients receiving enteral nutrition, explaining specific influencing factors for feeding intolerance.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health care professionals must identify and manage risk factors for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance. Ongoing professional development and specialized training on the significance of enteral feeding in stroke rehabilitation can improve patient care and outcomes.
Instantaneous growth: a compact measure of efficient carbon and nitrogen allocation in leaves and roots of C3 and C4 plants
Authors: Bellasio Chandra
Published: October 2024

Elucidating plant functions and identifying crop productivity bottlenecks requires the accurate quantification of their performance. This task has been attained through photosynthetic models. However, their traditional focus on the leaf's capacity to uptake CO2 is becoming increasingly restrictive. Advanced bioengineering of C3 plants has made it possible to increase rates of CO2 assimilation by packing photosynthetic structures more densely within leaves. The operation of mechanisms that concentrate CO2 inside leaves can boost rates of assimilation while requiring a lower investment in carboxylating enzymes. Therefore, whether in the context of spontaneous plants or modern manipulation, considering trade‐offs in resource utilization efficiency emerges as a critical necessity. I've developed a concise and versatile analytical model that simulates concurrent leaf and root growth by balancing instantaneous fluxes of carbon and nitrogen. Carbon is made available by leaf photosynthesis, encompassing all types of biochemistries, while nitrogen is either taken up by roots or remobilized after senescence. The allocation of leaf nitrogen between light or carbon reactions was determined using a fitting algorithm: growth maximisation was the only reliable fitting goal. Both the leaf nitrogen pool and the root‐to‐leaf ratio responded realistically to various environmental drivers (CO2 concentration, light intensity, soil nitrogen), replicating trends typically observed in plants. Furthermore, modifying the strength of CO2 concentrating mechanisms proved sufficient to alter the root‐to‐leaf ratio between C3 and C4 types. This direct and mechanistic one‐to‐one link convincingly demonstrates, for the first time, the functional dependence of a morphological trait on a single biochemical property.
Comprehensive transcriptome profiling and transcription factor identification in early/late leaf senescence grafts in potato
Authors: He Ming , Li Boshu , Hui Zhiming , Liu Jiangang , Bian Chunsong , Li Guangcun , Jin Liping , Xu Jianfei
Published: October 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is recognized globally as the most significant non‐cereal staple crop. Leaf senescence, which significantly impacts tuber yield, serves as a critical indicator of potato maturity. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain largely unknown. In a previous study, we grafted the early‐maturing variety ‘Zhongshu 5’ (Z5) onto the late‐maturing variety ‘Zhongshu 18’ (Z18), and demonstrated that the rootstock's leaves displayed physiological characteristics suggestive of early senescence. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome data of the Z5 and Z18 grafts to conduct weighted gene co‐expression network and gene expression clustering analysis. Differentially expressed genes in cluster 9, as well as the floralwhite module, exhibited markedly elevated expression levels during the onset of leaf senescence. These genes were found to be enriched in several senescence related processes, such as chloroplast organization, electron transport chain, and chlorophyll metabolic process. Furthermore, we constructed transcription factor correlation networks and hub gene co‐expression networks. By monitoring the expression patterns of these genes throughout the whole growth period, we identified two candidate genes, StWRKY70 and StNAP, which may play pivotal roles in leaf senescence. This study contributes valuable genetic resources for further investigations into the regulatory mechanism governing potato leaf senescence, with implications for genetic improvements, particularly in terms of maturity and yield.
Adorno's depth realism: A critical realist analysis of negative dialectics
Authors: Agar Jolyon
Published: October 2024

This article argues that negative dialectics operates within a depth realist framework. Depth realism posits an independent, historically situated, emergent, structured, and differentiated world in which human beings are immersed and with which they interact to preserve or transform. This understanding of the world is explicitly theorized, not by Adorno, but by Roy Bhaskar's depth realism (critical realism). My intention is to firstly highlight the close similarities between Adornoian and Bhaskarian dialectics. Secondly, I highlight some important divergences, especially the deficiencies in Adorno's theory of constellation that stem from his lack of realist theorization, specifically his reliance on concepts that cannot reach beyond a form of subjective idealism. Despite this criticism, I argue that if nonidentity concepts are grasped in the wider context of the basic anthropological materialism or “axial turn” that informs Adorno's thinking, and from which they derive, a case can be made in defense of Adornoian realism. The final two sections explore the implications a depth realist interpretation has for Adorno's understanding of the subject‐object mediation in his social theory, allowing us to move beyond Adorno's famous pessimistic views about the possibilities for political change.
Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction as Correlates of Physical Activity Trajectories During Adolescence
Authors: Gallant François , Giroux Marie‐Andrée , Gunnell Katie , Registe Pierre‐Philippe Wilson , Mekari Saïd , Doré Isabelle , Sabiston Catherine M. , Bélanger Mathieu
Published: October 2024

This analysis aimed to (1) identify longitudinal joint trajectories of participation in organized and unorganized physical activity contexts, and level of daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and (2) assess whether basic psychological need satisfaction during adolescence differentiates between membership in different physical activity trajectories. Participants (n = 888; 56% girls) reported their involvement in 36 different physical activities, level of MVPA, and their perceived satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness satisfaction in physical activity up to three times per year, over 8 years (from ages 10 to 17 years). Group‐based multi‐trajectory models were used to identify longitudinal joint trajectories of physical activity participation. We estimated a multinomial logistic regression model for membership in a physical activity trajectory by including individual‐level intercepts and slopes for each psychological need obtained using mixed models over the 24 cycles modelized as natural cubic splines. Five longitudinal trajectory groups emerged: Non‐participants, Dropouts, Active in unorganized physical activities, Active in organized physical activities, and Active through a variety of activities. Relative to Non‐participants, we identify a dose–response relationship in baseline competence and membership in the higher active trajectory groups. In addition, a positive change in competence in early adolescence predicted membership in all three Active trajectory groups.
Training and Match‐Related Head Acceleration Events in Top Level Domestic Senior Women's and Men's Rugby Union: A Multi‐League Instrumented Mouthguard Study
Authors: Roe Gregory , Sawczuk Thomas , Tooby James , Hudson Sam , White Ryan , Mackay Lois , Owen Cameron , Starling Lindsay , Cross Matt , Falvey Éanna , Hendricks Sharief , Kemp Simon , Rasmussen Karen , Readhead Clint , Salmon Danielle , Stokes Keith , Tucker Ross , Jones Ben
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in head acceleration event (HAE) incidence between training and match‐play in women's and men's players competing at the highest level of domestic rugby union globally. Players from Women's (Premiership Women's Rugby, Farah Palmer Cup) and Men's (Premiership Rugby, Currie Cup) rugby union competitions wore instrumented mouthguards during matches and training sessions during the 2022/2023 seasons. Peak linear (PLA) and angular (PAA) acceleration were calculated from each HAE and included within generalized linear mixed‐effects models. The incidence of HAEs was significantly greater in match‐play compared to training for all magnitude thresholds in both forwards and backs, despite players spending approximately 1.75–2.5 times more time in training. For all HAEs (PLA > 5 g and PAA > 400 rad/s2), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for match versus training ranged from 2.80 (95% CI: 2.38–3.30; men's forwards) to 4.00 (3.31–4.84; women's forwards). At higher magnitude thresholds (PLA > 25 g; PAA > 2000 rad/s2), IRRs ranged from 3.64 (2.02–6.55; PAA > 2000 rad/s2 in men's backs) to 11.70 (6.50–21.08; PAA > 2000 rad/s2 in women's forwards). Similar trends were observed in each competition. Players experienced significantly more HAEs during match‐play than training, particularly at higher magnitude thresholds. Where feasible, HAE mitigation strategies may have more scope for HAE reduction if targeted at match‐play, particularly where higher magnitude HAEs are the primary concern. However, the number of HAEs associated with different training drills requires exploration to understand if HAEs can be reduced in training, alongside optimizing match performance (e.g., enhancing contact technique).
Critique beyond relation: The stakes of working with the negative, the void and the abyss
Authors: Chandler David , Pugh Jonathan
Published: October 2024

The ‘relational turn’ has been widely embraced in Human Geography and related fields over the last couple of decades as an alternative to the hubris of modern and colonial reasoning. Yet, increasingly, concerns over the extent that contemporary conceptualisations are overly ‘generative’, ‘productivist’ and ‘affirmational’ has come to the fore. There is significant interest in the possibilities for more negative understandings, highlighting failure, attrition, voiding, exhaustion, impotentiality, incompleteness and attributes of ‘non‐relation’. We draw out how, to date, most of these approaches have developed a hermeneutic approach, seeking to bring the negative and the non‐relational into the world as forces of disruption and refusal, holding open other possibilities of knowing and being in the world and enabling alternative political imaginaries. This paper seeks to outline an alternative mode of critique, one that places both relational and negative approaches under the scrutiny of an ‘abyssal’ approach. Here, after Fanon, the world violently forged into the global colour line is bifurcated via the construction of the modern subject, capable of reading itself as a subject in the world and through Human Geography as a field of study. In this always already antiblack world, the goal of ‘Abyssal Geography’ is not to continue worlding the modern subject in new ways, but to analyse and critique the mechanisms and shifts in critical thought through which Human Geography continues to salvage and to redeem the purchase of the modern subject and the world.
Antimicrobial Prescription Practices and Stewardship in Washington State Small and Mixed Animal Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Cassel Shannon , Fenelon Hannah T. , Rott Elizabeth , Blazes Libby , Willess Leah M. , Baines Anna E. , Ramirez Vickie , Kauber Kelly , Rabinowitz Peter , Burbick Claire R. , Fuhrmeister Erica R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Judicious antimicrobial use is essential for the continued treatment of infections in small and mixed animal veterinary medicine. To better support Washington (WA) State veterinarians in antimicrobial stewardship, we surveyed licensed small and mixed animal veterinarians and led group conversations regarding antimicrobial prescription practices.

Methods

Survey questions included demographic information, factors influencing prescription practices and clinical cases. Responses were summarised and logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with antibiotic treatment choices. Group conversations, led by a licensed veterinarian, focused on resource gaps for veterinarians, management of clinical scenarios and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and breakpoints. A systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts identified key themes such as common barriers to stewardship.

Results

Among 53 responses to clinical scenarios, veterinarians selected the most appropriate treatment choice, according to a veterinary microbiologist, 62% of the time. Variability was observed in culture and susceptibility practices and antibiotic choices. Survey respondents reported an influence of the client ability to medicate (92%), considerations of resistance (91%), client finances (75%) and availability of antimicrobials (75%) on their prescription decisions. There were no significant associations between opinions about contributing factors to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or guidelines used and treatment choices in clinical scenarios. Among 15 veterinarians interviewed in group conversations, a systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts revealed key themes, including reliance on human medicine as a resource and a lack of support for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints.

Conclusions

The variability in veterinary antibiotic treatment decisions in this study suggests a need for further dissemination of standardised antimicrobial stewardship resources for veterinarians. Client‐related challenges and the cost of culture and susceptibility are major barriers to stewardship. To address these barriers, it is necessary to provide standardised, easy‐to‐access guidance for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints, as well as develop antimicrobial use resources for clients.
Liver iron stores and effectors of ferroptosis are dependent on age and sex
Authors: Bloomer Steven A. , Wagner Brett A. , Buettner Garry R. , Brown Kyle E.
Published: October 2024

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by a pro‐oxidative cellular milieu and iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been implicated in various forms of liver injury, in keeping with the major role of the liver in iron metabolism. Limited research has addressed potential differences in ferroptosis mediators with age and sex, especially in an in vivo model. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate hepatic labile iron and mediators of ferroptosis with ageing in both sexes. Because female animals generally display greater antioxidant defences than males, we hypothesized that females would display a phenotype resistant to ferroptosis. Here, we determined iron contents, protein expression of ferroptosis mediators and measures of oxidative injury in liver samples from 12‐ and 24‐month‐old male and female Fischer 344 rats. In comparison to males, the livers of female rats at both ages contained more non‐haem iron, which was associated with greater ferritin heavy chain expression and attenuated expression of transferrin receptor‐1. In female rats, the 24‐month‐old group had higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared with their 12‐month‐old counterparts, yet similar contents of labile iron. These results suggest a disconnect between labile iron contents and oxidative injury with age. Female animals also displayed greater expression of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), a modulator of ferroptosis, and greater abundance of high molecular weight 4‐hydroxnonenal‐modified proteins. These results demonstrate clear differences in iron and ferroptosis mediators between sexes and suggest that female rats of this strain might be more susceptible to ferroptosis.
Introduction to Nuclear Forensics Analysis Techniques
Authors: Yahya M.
Published: October 2024

Nuclear forensics is the interdisciplinary branch of forensic science that deals with the analysis and examination of nuclear or other radioactive materials, or of evidence that is contaminated with radionuclides in the context of legal proceedings under international or national law related to nuclear security. To control and avoid the threat of terrorism posed by illicit trafficking and mismanagement, nuclear and other radioactive materials must be strictly regulated. Thus, the goal of nuclear forensic analysis is to discover what radioactive materials were confiscated, how, when, and where they were manufactured, and what their intended applications were. Nuclear forensic scientist has a wide array of analytical tools to use for detecting signatures in radioactive materials. These individual techniques can be sorted into three broad categories: bulk analysis tools, imaging tools, and micro-analysis tools. Particular interest in nuclear forensics is particle morphology, isotopic composition of a material, presence of impurities, and microstructure. These properties can vary between materials of different origins due to varying processing or geological conditions, thus, allowing for discrimination of material history and prediction of provenance. This review article presents many key analytical techniques and discusses the main application and challenges of the most common techniques currently used in nuclear forensics analysis.
Aerosol Jet and Inkjet Printing Methods for Die-Level Packaging of Custom MEMS Devices
Authors: Sherehiy Andriy , Jackson Douglas , Sassa Michael , Sills Daniel , Ratnayake Dilan , Zhang Ruoshi , Yang Zhong , Walsh Kevin , Naber John , Popa Dan O.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we propose an alternative, low-cost, packaging method using both inkjet and aerosol jet printing (AJP) to fabricate functional interconnects for custom die-level packages assembled on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Our process involves the manufacturing of a stacked structure with insulating and conducting layers, fabricated using inkjet and aerosol jet printing, respectively. In the first part of the study, we characterized UV adhesive deposition on the standard resin-coated PCB to acquire the optimal parameters necessary for the fabrication of the insulating layer with thicknesses around 100 μm. In the second part of our study, we developed a precise method for printing silver conducting lines using an aerosol jet printer, enabling the realization of structures with features as small as 50 μm on nonplanar surfaces. The insulating part of the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/PCB structure serves as a ramp ensuring continuity of the aerosol jet printed connection between the PCB and the Si die. A 1 cm × 1 cm Si chip with a custom MEMS microrobot was used to demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of our approach in practice. After fabrication, we evaluated the interconnects for conductivity and repeatability. The packaging and inspection process was carried out using Nexus, a unique robotic system integrating additive manufacturing, robotic transport, and metrology. The results show that we successfully fabricated printed interconnects between copper PCB pads and Si die cleanroom fabricated gold pads, while electrical characterization revealed resistances in the range of 1–10 Ω. Our approach can be utilized in the manufacturing of electrical interconnects for custom devices on different substrates, including traditional and flexible PCBs. Furthermore, the applied printing techniques enable the use of other insulating or conducting inks and the formation of structures of custom geometries across a wide range of scales—20 μm to 1 mm.
El programa de implante coclear: La seducción de la solución sonora
Authors: Pérez García Gara
Published: October 2024

Desde mediados del siglo XX, la estimulación eléctrica en la corteza auditiva ha consolidado el campo de investigación del implante coclear. Esto ha llevado a una redefinición de la sordera, considerada por expertos como un desafío de salud pública, especialmente en niños/as y recién nacidos, afectando su desarrollo. Las instituciones de salud pública han implementado medidas para detectar tempranamente la hipoacusia en bebés y tratarla mediante programas de implantes. En este contexto, se examina el programa de implantes cocleares en España, evaluando su evolución, impacto y beneficios en la población infantil. Este análisis revela aspectos que derivan de imperativos de salud, junto con intereses diversos, presiones institucionales y procesos de negociación que involucran a entidades gubernamentales, autonómicas y hospitales.
Trabajadoras asalariadas: inmigración e identidad de las mujeres del norte de China en España a través de sus historias de vida
Authors: Sun Meijiao
Published: October 2024

Los estudios sobre la inmigración china en España generalmente se enfocan en trabajadores por cuenta propia provenientes del Sur de China, considerados como la mayoría de los casos. Sin embargo, la población de los autónomos sureños no llega a ser la mayoría absoluta como para representar homogéneamente a toda la comunidad. Hemos descubierto, a través de las historias de vida bajo los cánones de la antropología, que las mujeres del Norte de China que emigran a España presentan características propias: ellas emigran debido a la caída económica de dicha zona tras las reformas (y los cambios socioculturales derivados de estas) a finales del siglo XX y a principios del siglo XXI. Además, llegan de forma independiente, en situación irregular, sin hablar castellano, y, por tanto, empiezan su vida en España como empleadas de sus compatriotas sureños. Debido a esto, su integración a la sociedad de acogida significa integrarse a la comunidad china existente y adaptarse al modus vivendi enmarcada por esta.
La Antropología feminista como desafío, de Mari Luz Esteban y Miren Guilló Arakistain (Eds.)
Authors: Blázquez Rodríguez María Isabel
Published: October 2024

Este libro es una celebración para la antropología y para el feminismo por varias razones. Una se debe, como expresan las editoras, a que trata de «dejar rastro» de lo acontecido en el I Congreso de Antropología Feminista del Estado español celebrado en junio de 2022 en Donostia (p.9). La obra recoge las principales conferencias que tuvieron lugar allí. Todo ello queda presentado en el primer capítulo, de Marta Barba Gassó, Margaret Bullen y Marta Luxán Serrano, que nos plantean cómo, en 2018, se inició la organización del congreso de cara a su celebración en 2020, aunque finalmente no pudo materializarse en aquella fecha debido a la pandemia. La apuesta de las organizadoras por la presencialidad conllevó que el congreso no pudiera tener lugar hasta el año 2022. Como bien señalan en este primer capítulo, la antropología feminista (AF, de aquí en adelante) no es solamente un planteamiento teórico, sino que es una práctica, y querer practicarla tiene diferentes implicaciones que pasan por la presencialidad, por la pluralidad de temas que se incorporaron al programa, por la invitación a colegas de diferentes lugares del mundo, por mesas bien diversas o por el cuidado de las relaciones, entre otros aspectos.
Replayed reef sounds induce settlement of Favia fragum coral larvae in aquaria and field environments
Authors: Aoki Nadège , Weiss Benjamin , Jézéquel Youenn , Apprill Amy , Mooney T. Aran
Published: October 2024

Acoustic cues of healthy reefs are known to support critical settlement behaviors for one reef-building coral, but acoustic responses have not been demonstrated in additional species. Settlement of Favia fragum larvae in response to replayed coral reef soundscapes were observed by exposing larvae in aquaria and reef settings to playback sound treatments for 24–72 h. Settlement increased under 24 h sound treatments in both experiments. The results add to growing knowledge that acoustically mediated settlement may be widespread among stony corals with species-specific attributes, suggesting sound could be one tool employed to rehabilitate and build resilience within imperiled reef communities.
Exploring Branding Strategies and Barriers of Female Collegiate Athletic Coaches
Authors: Harris Hailey , Brison Natasha
Published: October 2024

Branding has been conceptualized, contextualized, and operationalized in various ways. However, little research has been conducted exploring coaches and their personal branding. Although researchers have investigated the content that collegiate male coaches post on social media, there is a dearth of research investigating female collegiate coaches and the strategies they utilize when constructing their brand online. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the branding strategies used by female collegiate coaches when constructing and presenting their online brand. The authors collected data via a qualitative methodology, utilizing semistructured interviews with female head and assistant coaches in college athletics. Results indicate that the coaches were strategic in their approach to social media, while also encountering obstacles when deciding how to communicate aspects of their brand. Theoretical implications stem from findings that are consistent with decision-making processes outlined by behavioral decision theory, and practical implications are centered on strategic branding suggestions for coaches.
Late Triassic continental eclogite in the central Tibetan Plateau reveals 2500-km-long Paleo-Tethys continental subduction
Authors: Xu Wang , Liu Lishuang , Kohn Matthew J. , Liu Pinghua , Cai Jia
Published: October 2024

Permian–Triassic eclogites exposed on the Tibetan Plateau have traditionally been attributed to Paleo-Tethys oceanic subduction. Here we report new data that indicate a continental-subduction origin of the Pianshishan eclogites along the Longmuco-Shuanghu Paleo-Tethys suture in northern Tibet. Phase equilibrium modeling and zircon U-Pb dating constrain eclogite-facies metamorphism of ~2.1 GPa/530 °C to have occurred ca. 235 Ma. Xenocrysts of ca. 1850 Ma metamorphic zircons and crustal trace element signatures reveal a continental protolith for the Pianshishan eclogites, demonstrating deep subduction of continental passive margins during the early Late Triassic. The Qianmai eclogites along the Changning-Menglian suture in Southwest China have the same petrogenesis, indicating that these two coeval eclogites resulted from continental subduction that extended over 2500 km along the Paleo-Tethys suture. This collision not only marks the end of the Paleo-Tethys Wilson cycle but also could have formed a high-elevation range, comparable in length to the Himalaya, that amplified Tethyan megamonsoons during the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode.
Association between prophylactic closure of mucosal defect and delayed adverse events after endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Shaoxiong , Cai Qinbo , Zhang Lele , Fu Huafeng , Zhang Jie , Shen Mingxuan , Xie Rongman , Zhang Jian , Hou Xun , Yang Dongjie
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the potential of prophylactic closure of mucosal defects to prevent adverse events following endoscopic resection of superficial layers of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for studies eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis from inception to February 2022.

Data extraction and synthesis

We compared the effects of closure versus non-closure of mucosal defects with respect to adverse events including delayed bleeding, delayed perforation and postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome (PPCS). We used a random-effects model for all analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed based on gastrointestinal sites, surgical procedures and study designs.

Results

In total, this study includes 11 383 patients from 28 studies. For delayed bleeding, closure group was associated with a lower incidence (Risk Ratio [RR]: 0.40, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 0.30 to 0.53, p<0.001; I2=25%) and consistent results were observed in the subgroups. Also, for delayed perforation, a combined analysis of all sites and surgical methods showed a protective effect of prophylactic closure of mucosal defects (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.82, p=0.01; I2=0%). Similar results were observed in the subgroup analyses, despite the wide CIs. Regarding the PPCS, neither the pooled RRsnor the subgroup analyses showed significant differences.

Conclusion

Prophylactic closure of mucosal defects is beneficial in reducing the incidence of delayed bleeding and delayed perforation after endoscopic resection, but there is no significant difference in reducing the incidence of PPCS.
Acupoint catgut embedding advantage in treating gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (ACE-GERD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wen Shuting , Zhao Xiying , Lin Xiaofeng , Fu Zhaoli , Qin Shumin , Pan Qimou , Liu Fengbin , He Wenfang , Liu Tianwen
Published: October 2024

Background

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent disorder worldwide and developing effective treatment strategies for GERD is a clinical priority. GERD is associated with anxiety and depression. Several approaches have been developed to improve GERD, although effectiveness is limited. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is an established technique in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of anxiety and depression. This study will investigate the effects of ACE on anxiety, depression, acid reflux and heartburn in patients with GERD.

Methods

The ACE-GERD trial is a single-centre, prospective randomised controlled trial. 62 patients will be randomly assigned equally to the experimental and control groups. Patients will be treated with ACE or sham ACE. In the experimental group, absorbable polyglycolic acid sutures will be implanted at the acupoints using sterile disposable injection needles. The sham ACE treatment will exhibit similar surface characteristics but lack absorbable polyglycolic acid sutures. Treatments will be administered every 2 weeks for a period of 10 weeks. The main outcome measure is the Reflux Disease Questionnaire symptom score. Secondary outcomes are the endoscopic assessment, 24-hour pH/impedance monitoring test, oesophageal high-resolution manometer, Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire score, Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease Health-related Quality of Life, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores.

Discussion

The ACE-GERD trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of ACE treatment as a therapeutic tool for improving anxiety, depression, acid reflux and heartburn in patients with GERD and to provide the evidence base for future clinical studies.

Ethics and Dissemination

The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (ethics no. BF2023-113-01). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and meetings.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300074643.
Effectiveness of lower limb robotic rehabilitation on peak of oxygen uptake among patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Liu Jian , Md Moneruzzaman , Zhao Jun , Wu Shicai
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of lower limb robotic rehabilitation (LLRR) on cardiovascular health among individuals with stroke undergoing rehabilitation.

Design

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang and VIP databases were searched from inception to 9 October 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving LLRR among individuals with stroke were included. We considered the potential impact of LLRR on the resting heart rate (HRrest), peak of oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak of systolic blood pressure (SBPpeak) and peak of diastolic blood pressure (DBPpeak). Only studies published in Chinese or English were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Results were reported as ‌Hedges’ g with 95% CIs. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model in STATA v17.0. The study was reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results

Five RCTs with 179 patients were included in the meta-analysis. According to the Guideline Development Tool results, half of the evidence grades were moderate. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences among robotic rehabilitation group than the control group in VO2peak (standard mean difference (SMD): 0.71, 95% CI: (0.28, 1.13), p<0.001, I2=45.61%), but insignificant difference found in HRrest (SMD: 0.30, 95% CI: (−0.12, 0.73), p=0.16, I2=34.25%), SBPpeak (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: (−0.44, 0.52), p=0.86, I2=28.75%) and DBPpeak (SMD: 0.46, 95% CI: (−3.82, 4.73), p=0.83, I2=0.00%). No significant heterogeneity was found among articles. The risk of bias assessment revealed that two studies showed low bias in most domains.

Conclusion

Individuals undergoing stroke rehabilitation may benefit from LLRR with improved VO2peak but insignificantly impacted HRrest, SBPpeak and DBPpeak.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022382259.
Associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: a population-based longitudinal study based on The Tromsø Study 1979–2016
Authors: Arntsen Sondre Haakonson , Wilsgaard Tom , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Njolstad Inger , Hansen Anne Helen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Investigate associations between body height and cardiovascular disease risk factors at several time points in women and men across educational levels in Norway.

Design

Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting

The Tromsø Study, a population-based study with six surveys conducted between 1979 and 2016 in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway.

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures

Body height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and self-reported educational level.

Participants

23 512 women and men (49.6% women), aged 30–49 years at first participation in The Tromsø Study. Participants who attended more than one survey contributed with repeated measurements for blood pressure and lipids.

Blood pressure and lipid values were used as dependent variables in sex specific age-adjusted linear mixed models. Body height at first participation was the independent variable, while survey time point and educational level were used as covariates.

Results

Overall effect models showed inverse associations between body height and systolic blood pressure (reg. coefficients: −0.88 (95% CI –1.1, −0.6)), diastolic blood pressure (−0.41 (95% CI –0.6, –0.3)), serum total cholesterol (−0.12 (95% CI –0.1, –0.1)) and triglycerides (−0.06 (95% CI –0.1, –0.0)) in women. Inverse associations between body height and lipid variables were also observed in men (serum total cholesterol: −0.12 (95% CI −0.1, –0.1) triglycerides −0.05 (95% CI –0.1, –0.0)). Regression coefficients for associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors varied across surveys. Overall, there were no associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors based on educational level and survey.

Conclusion

The overall effect models support previous findings of inverse associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women, and inverse associations between body height and lipids in men. Our study showed varied degrees of associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors at different time points in Norway.