bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveying and mapping cereals and legumes wild relatives in Mount Hermon (Bekaa, Lebanon)
Authors: Sayde Eliane , Chalak Lamis , Baydoun Safaa , Shehadeh Ali , El Zein Hicham , Al Beyrouthy Jostelle , Yazbek Mariana
Published: March 2024

Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) should be highly prioritized, monitored, and conserved as they have an immense effect on sustainability and livelihood. In this study we aim to survey and map cereal and legume wild relatives of Fabaceae and Poaceae families. Mount Hermon, Bekaa side, Lebanon. A set of 46 CWR species were targeted based on desk selection analysis and prioritization by the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas genebank for their potential importance in breeding programs. A botanical survey of 17 sites of the various habitats of Mount Hermon was performed during April–June 2021 using a systematic transect/quadrate sampling method. Recorded genera and species were accurately georeferenced and then mapped with the DIVA‐GIS program. In total, 854 occurrences were observed belonging to 34 species of Fabaceae and 12 species of Poaceae. High H′ Shannon diversity values were recorded in three sites (Al Fakiaa, Sham El Hafour and Ain Ata‐ al Berke) of the Mount with values ranking between 2.45 and 2.83. This was confirmed by the richness distribution maps of genera and species. Richness distribution maps provide relevant clues on candidate sites for high concentrations of each of the species under study. At least the three sites, hosting 87% of the surveyed CWR's species, can be considered for further in situ conservation actions.
Fish responses to underwater sounds depend on auditory adaptations: An experimental test of the effect of motorboat sounds on the fish community of a large fluvial lake
Authors: Barbeau Jérôme , Mazzei Renata , Rodríguez Marco A. , Proulx Raphaël
Published: March 2024

Freshwater fishes exhibit a wide range of auditory adaptations and capabilities, which are assumed to help them navigate their environment, avoid predators, and find potential mates. Yet, we know very little about how freshwater environments sound to fish, or how fish with different auditory adaptations respond to different soundscapes. We first compiled data on fish hearing acuity and adaptations and provided a portrait of how anthropogenic sounds compare to natural sounds in different freshwater soundscapes. We then conducted a sound‐enrichment field experiment at Lake Saint Pierre, a large fluvial lake in Canada, to evaluate the effect of motorboat sound exposure on the fish community by looking at the extent to which changes in species abundances were linked to auditory adaptations. Data compilation showed that the hearing acuity of most species overlaps with a wide range of ambient and anthropogenic underwater sounds while the field experiment showed that species with more specialized auditory structures were captured less often in sound‐enriched traps, indicating avoidance behavior. Our findings highlight the importance of considering species' sensorial adaptations when evaluating the community‐scale effects of anthropogenic sounds on the fish community, especially at low levels of anthropogenic activity.
Integration of natural selection across the life cycle stabilizes a marine mussel hybrid zone
Authors: Willis Allison B. , Ermolaeva Evgeniya , Zyck Amaelia , Rognstad Rhiannon , Davis Shannon , Hilbish Thomas J.
Published: March 2024

Hybridization among related species is now recognized as common but it remains unclear how hybrid zones persist for prolonged periods. Here, we test the hypothesis that selection in different components of the life cycle may stabilize a hybrid zone. A hybrid zone occurs in southwest England between the marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Previous studies have found strong directional selection against alleles from M. edulis occurs among hybrids in the adult stage. Traditional hybrid zone models argue that alleles that are selected within the hybrid zone are replaced by migration from neighboring parental population into the hybrid zone. In this system, however, migration occurs out of this hybrid zone into neighboring parental populations. This hybrid zone should therefore be unstable and dissipate, yet this zone has persisted for more than 30 years. We tested and rejected the hypothesis that differences in fecundity may select for M. edulis alleles within this hybrid zone and thus counter the selection observed against these alleles among adults. We also tested the hypothesis that selection during the larval stage may counter selection against M. edulis alleles in the adult stage. We found that selection favors M. edulis alleles during the veliger stage of larval development. The direction and strength of selection during the larval stage are sufficient to counter strong selection during the adult portion of the life cycle. This hybrid zone is stabilized by opposing forms of directional selection operating in different portions of the life cycle.
Dangerous neighbours: Birds and bird‐eating bats sharing tree cavities
Authors: Russo Danilo , Mäenurm Anne , Martinoli Adriano , Cistrone Luca
Published: March 2024

Mounting evidence indicates the non‐consumptive effects of predators significantly impact prey physiology, ecology and behaviour. Passerine birds experience adverse effects on nesting and reproductive success when in proximity to predators. Fear of predators is context‐dependent and influenced by hunting habitats and foraging strategies. While some bat species prey on birds, the greater noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus) stands out by specialising in avian prey, especially during peak bird migration. N. lasiopterus is thought to seize avian prey in flight, but direct evidence is lacking. If birds were taken from nests, they would likely avoid nesting near these bats. However, no observations support this view. This study documents the successful reproduction of Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) nesting alongside a colony of approximately 25 greater noctules. This bird species is a prey species for greater noctules in Italy. Over about 1 month (April–May 2023), we observed parent birds provisioning food to chicks, with at least two chicks alive and fed outside the tree cavity by the end of the period. While acknowledging the limitations of a single observation, we propose that this previously unknown behaviour indirectly supports the idea that greater noctules only capture avian prey in flight, not within confined spaces. This observation challenges the perception that these bats pose a threat when sharing roosting spaces in trees, as evidenced in our observed case. We hope this novel observation inspires future research on variations in bird nesting behaviour and reproductive success in the presence of bird‐eating bats, as well as an assessment of the long‐term impact on population dynamics and reproductive success of nesting birds sharing such roosting spaces.
Delineating wildfire burns and regrowth using satellite imagery to assess moose (Alces alces) spatial responses to burns
Authors: Mumma Matthew A. , Bevington Alexandre R. , Marshall Shelley , Gillingham Michael P.
Published: March 2024

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and size of wildfires. Wildfire burns can influence wildlife space use, but prior to understanding the relationship between wildlife and burns, the extent of wildfires and the regrowth of burned areas must be determined. We used remotely sensed, multispectral satellite imagery to calculate differenced normalized burn ratios (NBRs) to define areas burned by wildfire and assess temporal trends in burn frequency and extent in central British Columbia. We then used NBRs as an index of vegetation regrowth to model regrowth trajectories within burns. Next, we examined spatial responses to burns by a moose (Alces alces) population that recently declined in abundance. We utilized locations used by and available to collared moose to determine spatial responses as a function of years since wildfire and vegetation regrowth. We also assessed functional responses to burns by moose, dependent upon the proportion of burned areas available to each individual. We hypothesized that (h1) wildfire burns within our study area increased from 1985 to 2017, (h2) that moose increase their use of burns in comparison with availability as burns age as a result of vegetation regrowth, and (h3) that moose demonstrate functional responses to burns (i.e., selection of burns by individual moose declines as the amount of burned areas increases). We observed that the frequency and extent of burns are increasing within our study area. In contrast to h2, moose in summer and fall decreased the selection of burns as burns aged. We, however, observed that moose responded most positively to locations with intermediate vegetation regrowth (i.e., NBR values), which according to burn regrowth trajectories were most likely to be achieved 13 or more years post‐wildfire; given that most burns within our study area were ≤13 years of age, we predict that the use of burns will likely increase as vegetation regrows. Moose only selected for burns in fall, and we did not find support for the presence of a functional response. Our research demonstrated the utility of remotely sensed imagery and NBRs to define burn locations and to reveal current and probable future spatial responses to burns by a wildlife population of concern.
Water‐Soluble μ‐oxo triruthenium Compound of Biological Interest: H‐Bonds Network and Interaction with HSA
Authors: Pinheiro Bruno F. A. , Fernandes Nathan C. , Chaves Otávio A. , Ellena Javier A. , De Queiroz Mariana S. , Tedesco Antônio C. , De Araujo‐Neto João H. , Nikolaou Sofia
Published: March 2024

The water‐soluble compound [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(4‐ampy)3]Cl (1, 4‐ampy=4‐aminopyridine) was evaluated in terms of its biologically relevant properties. Compound 1 participates in a hydrogen bonding network which includes the NH2 substituents of the ancillary ligands, methanol molecules, the Cl− counter‐ion, and a non‐conventional hydrogen bond with the neighboring 4‐ampy molecules′ π‐cloud, as determined by X‐ray measurements. One protonation equilibrium was observed at pH values below 2.3. Additionally, the compound exhibited a partition coefficient value of −0.86 (±0.07), indicating that it is highly hydrophilic. At 37 0C and pH=7.4 (phosphate buffer), compound 1 shows moderate (Ksv=2.4 104 M−1) and spontaneous (ΔG=−26.4 kJ mol−1) binding to human serum albumin (HSA) through ground‐state association, which involves formation of hydrogen bonds (ΔH=−35.7 kJ mol−1 and, ΔS=−29.8 J mol−1 K−1). Molecular docking calculations support the formation of hydrogen bonds between 1 and HSA, and suggest subdomain IIA (site I), which contains the Trp‐214 residue, as the primary interactive pocket, in agreement with the experimental static fluorescence quenching mechanism. Furthermore, a preliminary assay reveals that 1 has low cytotoxicity towards human glioblastoma U87‐MG cells.
Synthesis, Structure and Antiferromagnetic Large‐Distance Long‐Range Coupling of the Ruthenate(V) Sr3(Ag2/3Sr1/6)RuO6
Authors: Thakur Gohil S. , Ruck Michael
Published: March 2024

Black, air‐stable crystals of the new ruthenate(V) Sr3(Ag2/3Sr1/6)RuO6 were grown in a silver ampoule using KO2 as oxidative flux. X‐ray diffraction on single‐crystals revealed a rhombohedral structure with the space group R
c. Sr3(Ag2/3Sr1/6)RuO6 crystallizes isostructural to Sr4PtO6 in the K4CdCl6 structure type. By sharing trigonal faces, alternating [RuO6] octahedra and [(Ag2/3Sr1/6□1/6)O6 trigonal prisms form segmented chains running parallel to the crystallographic c‐axis. Eightfold coordinated strontium cations are located between the rods. Regardless of the wide spatial separation of the magnetic cations (588 and 594 pm), Sr3(Ag2/3Sr1/6)RuO6 shows long‐range antiferromagnetic order below the relatively high Néel temperature of 79 K in magnetic fields up to at least 9 T, as measurements of the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity show. Despite the pseudo one‐dimensional character of the structure, the characteristic of the susceptibility indicates a three‐dimensional coupling of magnetic ions.
Development of stabilization measures aimed at removing zinc with smelting products and accumulating titanium in the hearth of a blast furnace
Authors: Semenov Yurii , Horupakha Viktor , Vashchenko Serhii , Khudyakov Oleksandr , Shumelchyk Ievhen , Baiul Kostiantyn
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the results of the development of stabilization measures aimed at the removal of zinc with the products of melting and accumulation of titanium in the hearth of a blast furnace. The relevance of the development and use in practice of such measures is due to the unstable fuel and raw materials conditions for the production of cast iron, when their stabilization is a complex and difficult task, as well as the need to extend the campaign of blast furnaces during the overhaul period. The negative effect of zinc oxides on the condition of the blast furnace shaft lining, accompanied by slab formation, and the overconsumption of specific coke consumption, which occurs when zinc circulates in the volume of the blast furnace, require measures to remove zinc from the smelting products. The article proposes such measures, which consist of flushing according to the proposed schedule during the operation of the blast furnace at planned blowing parameters and with the provision of the necessary thermal reserve. In order to lengthen the campaign of a blast furnace, one of the most common methods for protecting the hearth lining is the periodic introduction of titanium‐containing materials into the charge of blast furnaces. The entry of titanium oxides into the furnace, as a rule, is ensured by the use of concentrate or specially prepared ilmenite briquettes with a high titanium content as part of the sinter charge, which can be introduced directly into the composition of the blast furnace charge. The article analyzes the experience of using titanium‐containing materials as part of a blast furnace charge and formulates measures to intensify skull formation in the hearth.
An approach to manufacturing well‐being milk chocolate in partial replacement of lecithin by the functional plant‐based combination
Authors: Patel Harshvardhan , Bains Aarti , Sridhar Kandi , Ali Nemat , Najda Agnieszka , Tosif Mansuri M. , Dhull Sanju Bala , Chawla Prince , Sharma Minaxi , Goksen Gulden
Published: March 2024

Lecithin is constituted of a glycerophospholipid mixture and is abundantly used as an emulsifying agent in various food applications including chocolate production. However, overconsumption of lecithin may create an adverse effect on human health. Thus, this study aims to replace the lecithin with plant‐based gums. Different ratios of guar and arabic gum (25%–75%) and their blend (25%–75%) were employed as partial replacement of lecithin. Milk chocolate prepared using 40% guar gum (60GGL [guar gum, lecithin]), 25% arabic gum (75AGL [arabic gum, lecithin]), and a blend of 15 arabic gum and 10 guar gum (65AGGL [arabic gum, guar gum, lecithin]) showed similar rheological behavior as compared to control chocolate (100% lecithin). The fat content of 65AGGL (37.85%) was significantly lower than that of the control sample (43.37%). Rheological behavior exhibited shear‐thinning behavior and samples (60GGL‐75GGL‐80GGL, 65AGL‐75AGL, and 65AGGL‐75AGGL) showed similar rheological properties as compared to control. The chocolate samples (60GGL and 65AGGL) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hardness values (86.01 and 83.55 N) than the control (79.95 N). As well, gum‐added chocolates exhibited higher thermal stability up to 660°C as compared to the control sample. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed predominant β‐(1 → 4) and β‐(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages of the gums and lecithin. Sensory evaluation revealed a comparable score of gum‐added milk chocolate in comparison to control samples in terms of taste, texture, color, and overall acceptance. Thus, plant exudate gums could be an excellent alternative to lecithin in milk chocolate, which can enhance the textural properties and shelf life.
Drainless, day‐case lateral neck dissection with Artiss™ fibrin sealant: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tabaksert Ayla , James Tobias , Rusius Christopher , Walters Holt , Lester Shane
Published: March 2024

Objective

Lateral neck dissection (LND) is performed for staging/treatment of head and neck lesions. This traditionally includes placement of a drain and inpatient admission. Drainless, day‐case head and neck surgery is attractive due to cost‐effectiveness and reduced length of stay, but evidence is lacking in LND. We aim to investigate Artiss™ as an alternative to drain placement, facilitating day‐case LND.

Methods

A prospective review was conducted of patients who underwent LND in a UK hospital over a 22‐month period.

Results

Thirty‐nine patients were identified (27 Artiss™ only; 12 Artiss™ with a drain). Eight Artiss™ only patients were day‐case. All drains were removed by post‐operative day 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups.

Conclusion

This observational study demonstrates that for selected patients, Artiss™ could facilitate drainless, day‐case LND. Further controlled studies with matched groups and larger numbers are required to validate this.
Effects of insecticide spray drift on arthropod prey resources of birds in grasslands in Minnesota
Authors: Goebel Katelin M. , Andersen David E. , Rice Pamela J. , Davros Nicole M.
Published: March 2024

Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) insecticides are used throughout the Upper Midwest and Great Plains regions of North America, including the farmland region of Minnesota, USA, to combat insect pests. These broad‐spectrum, foliar spray insecticides have the potential to drift beyond target fields into nearby grassland cover where birds and other insectivores forage. Arthropods serve important roles in grassland ecology and are susceptible to mortality and sublethal effects from exposure to these pesticides. Our objective was to assess effects of soybean aphid insecticides on grassland arthropods, especially those that are important in grassland bird diets. We measured the abundance, consumable biomass, and family richness of insects and spiders in grasslands adjacent to soybean fields in an agricultural landscape. Soybean fields were treated with chlorpyrifos and lambda‐cyhalothrin, which were the 2 most common foliar pesticides used to control soybean aphids in Minnesota. We compared measures at focal sites to samples collected at reference sites adjacent to corn fields not sprayed for aphids during 3 periods in mid‐to‐late summer: 1–3 days before spraying, 3–5 days post‐spraying, and 19–21 days post‐spraying. The abundance of arthropods in focal grasslands was lower 3–5 days after pesticide applications. Coleoptera family richness at focal sites was also lower than at reference sites 3–5 days after pesticide applications. These measures 19–21 days after application were similar to pre‐spraying levels, indicating that arthropod populations rebounded during this period. Measures of consumable dry biomass, bird prey abundance, bird prey biomass, family richness of Araneae, family richness of Hemiptera, and family richness of Orthoptera were not different between focal and reference sites after spraying. Our results reveal that reductions in arthropod food abundance for grassland birds are associated with pesticide applications up to 5 days after spraying. We suggest that natural resource managers factor proximity to row crop fields and susceptibility to pesticide drift into decisions about where to add grassland cover to landscapes.
Variant Types of Preauricular Sinuses: Classifications, Clinical Presentation and Management
Authors: Chen Jinhui , Zhou Ping , Zuo Jingjing , Ming Wei , Huang Ting , Tao Zezhang
Published: March 2024

Objective

To make surgeons aware of the differing types of preauricular sinuses (PAS), we summarize our experience with diagnosis and treatment of varying types of PAS.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from patients who had undergone preauricular fistulectomy between March 2015 and March 2020. These patients were categorized into two groups according to locations of congenital fistula pit.

Results

Twelve patients with variant PAS accounted for 6.8% (12/177) of all patients. The variant types of PAS could be classified into three types (from type 1 to type 3), based on the location of the fistula pit. Type 1 (seven patients; eight ears) patients had pits located on the ascending helix crus, whereas type 2 (four patients, four ears) and type 3 (one patient, one ear) patients had pits located on the external auditory canal (EAC) and lobule, respectively. Fistular tracts penetrated the cartilage of the helix crus in seven of the type 1 variant ears. Swelling and discharge were located at the ascending helix crus (in four ears), cavum concha (in two ears), and posterior to the auricle (in one ear). In four of the type 2 ears, the fistular tracts were located at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix.

Conclusion

Fistula tracts where fistula pit occurred on the ascending helix crus were more likely to penetrates through the cartilage, and fistula tracts with fistula pits that occurred on the EAC were adjacent to the cartilage of the ascending helix and tragus. Meticulous dissection and complete removal of fistula tissue are critical to avoid postoperative recurrence.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3839–3845, 2024
Creating Deep Traps in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet for Long‐Term Optical Storage and Afterglow‐Intensity‐Ratio‐Based Temperature Sensing
Authors: Liao Chuan , Liu Feng , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Zhang Liangliang , Pan Guo‐hui , Hao Zhendong , Wang Xiao‐jun , Zhang Jiahua
Published: March 2024

Deep traps are needed for electron‐trapping‐based long‐term optical storage due to its resistance to thermal erasure. Current electron trapping materials have the erasing temperatures hardly beyond 600 K, limiting its storage time. Herein, an electron trapping material containing deep traps is achieved by co‐doping Tb and Eu in Y3Al5O12 via solid‐state reaction in reducing atmosphere. After 254 nm UV charging, strong thermoluminescence of Tb3+ with the glow curve peaking at 600, 693, and 765 K is observed. The comparative studies of the as‐made and the air‐annealed samples suggest that these new traps are related to the complex defects containing oxygen vacancy with adjacent Eu2+ and the charging process is the photoionization of Tb3+ with subsequent electron trapping. The 693 and 765 K thermoluminescence glow peaks in the charged sample show almost no decrease during 108 h storage in dark at room temperature. Images write‐in and read‐out via 808 nm laser stimulation are realized. Furthermore, the present phosphor also exhibits temperature‐sensitive afterglow spectra in the range of 553–803 K with the sensing span of 250 K wider than other afterglow thermometers. These findings indicate the great application potentials of Y3Al5O12:Tb,Eu phosphor in long‐term optical storage and temperature sensing.
A Study on How Conformation Entropy of Attached Macromolecules Drives Polymeric Collapse and Protein Folding
Authors: Popa Ionel
Published: March 2024

The conformation of macromolecules attached to a surface is influenced by both their excluded volume and steric forces. Here, self‐avoiding random walk simulations are used to evaluate the occurrence of various conformations as a function of the number of monomeric units to estimate the effect of conformational entropy of a tethered chain. Then, a more realistic scenario is assessed, which can more accurately reproduce the shape of a tethered macromolecule. The simulations presented here confirm that it is more likely for a polymer to undergo a collapse conformation rather than a stretched one, as a collapse conformation can be realized in more different ways. Also, they confirm the “mushroom” shape of polymers close to a surface. From this simple approach, the conformation entropy of a model 100‐unit polymer close to a surface is estimated to contribute with over 129 toward its collapse. This conformation entropy is higher than that of typical hydrogen bonds and even barriers that keep proteins folded. As such, entropic collapse of macromolecules plays an important role in realizing the mushroom shape of attached polymers and can be the driving force in protein folding, while the polypeptide chain emerges from the ribosome.
Materials genome engineering accelerates the research and development of organic and perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Shang Ying , Xiong Ziyu , An Kang , Hauch Jens A. , Brabec Christoph J. , Li Ning
Published: March 2024

The emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, such as organic and perovskite PVs, have the characteristics of complex compositions and processing, resulting in a large multidimensional parameter space for the development and optimization of the technologies. Traditional manual methods are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive in screening and optimizing material properties. Materials genome engineering (MGE) advances an innovative approach that combines efficient experimentation, big database and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to accelerate materials research and development. High‐throughput (HT) research platforms perform multidimensional experimental tasks rapidly, providing a large amount of reliable and consistent data for the creation of materials databases. Therefore, the development of novel experimental methods combining HT and AI can accelerate materials design and application, which is beneficial for establishing material‐processing‐property relationships and overcoming bottlenecks in the development of emerging PV technologies. This review introduces the key technologies involved in MGE and overviews the accelerating role of MGE in the field of organic and perovskite PVs.
Retinoblastoma and polydactyly in a child with 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype—A case report and literature review
Authors: Pi Xiaohuan , Zhang Qiming , Wang Xinghua , Jiang Fagang
Published: March 2024

Background

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells. It can be triggered by mutations of the RB1 gene or amplification of the MYCN gene. Rb may rarely present with polydactyly.

Methods

We conducted karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing, and whole‐genome sequencing on the infant proband and his family. The clinical course and laboratory results of the proband's infant were documented and collected. We also reviewed the relevant literature.

Results

A 68‐day‐old boy presented with preaxial polydactyly and corneal edema. His intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40/19 mmHg, and color Doppler imaging revealed vitreous solid mass‐occupying lesions with calcification in the right eye. Ocular CT showed flaky high‐density and calcification in the right eye. This was classified as an International Retinoblastoma Staging System group E retinoblastoma with an indication for enucleation. Enucleation and orbital implantation were performed on the child's right eye. Karyotype analysis revealed an abnormal 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype, and the mother exhibited diploidy of the short arm of chromosome 15. The Alx‐4 development factor, 13q deletion syndrome, and the PAPA2 gene have been reported as potential mechanisms for Rb combined with polydactyly.

Conclusion

We report the case of a baby boy with Rb and polydactyly exhibiting a 46, XY, 15pstk+ Karyotype. We discuss potential genetic factors related to both Rb and polydactyly. Furthermore, there is a need for further exploration into the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms in Rb with polydactyly.
The global regulation of c‐di‐GMP and cAMP in bacteria
Authors: Liu Cong , Shi Rui , Jensen Marcus S. , Zhu Jingrong , Liu Jiawen , Liu Xiaobo , Sun Di , Liu Weijie
Published: March 2024

Nucleotide second messengers are highly versatile signaling molecules that regulate a variety of key biological processes in bacteria. The best‐studied examples are cyclic AMP (cAMP) and bis‐(3′–5′)‐cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP), which both act as global regulators. Global regulatory frameworks of c‐di‐GMP and cAMP in bacteria show several parallels but also significant variances. In this review, we illustrate the global regulatory models of the two nucleotide second messengers, compare the different regulatory frameworks between c‐di‐GMP and cAMP, and discuss the mechanisms and physiological significance of cross‐regulation between c‐di‐GMP and cAMP. c‐di‐GMP responds to numerous signals dependent on a great number of metabolic enzymes, and it regulates various signal transduction pathways through its huge number of effectors with varying activities. In contrast, due to the limited quantity, the cAMP metabolic enzymes and its major effector are regulated at different levels by diverse signals. cAMP performs its global regulatory function primarily by controlling the transcription of a large number of genes via cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in most bacteria. This review can help us understand how bacteria use the two typical nucleotide second messengers to effectively coordinate and integrate various physiological processes, providing theoretical guidelines for future research.
Technical note: Cryostat transmission characterization for MR linac – temporal stability, clinical impact and change implementation
Authors: Jelen Urszula , Pagulayan Claire , Moutrie Zoë , Arts Jason , George Armia , Jameson Michael G.
Published: March 2024

Background

In the Unity MR linac (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden), the radiation beam traverses the cryostat and the coil support structure. The resulting beam attenuation must be considered for output calibration and its variation with gantry angle must be characterized in the treatment planning system (TPS).

Purpose

The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of a change of the cryostat transmission characterization (CTC) curve, due to the helium level modification, on clinical treatment plan dosimetry and to report on the experience with the CTC curve update.

Methods

Twenty stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment plans: 10 prostate and 10 oligo‐metastatic cancer plans, prepared with a beam model incorporating the CTC curve acquired at installation time, were re‐calculated using the model implementing CTC curve post helium top‐up. To account for the CTC change as well as to align our system to the recent reference conditions recommendations, the new model was commissioned with the emphasis on the specifics associated with the treatment plan adaptation and the existence of the offline and online TPS components.

Results

Average CTV mean dose reduction by 0.45% in prostate cases and average GTV mean dose reduction by 0.22% in oligo‐metastatic cases was observed. Updated model validation showcased good agreement between measurements and TPS calculations.

Conclusions

The agreement between CTC measurements demonstrates its temporal constancy and robustness of the measurement method employed. A helium fill level change was shown to affect the CTC and led to a small but systematic dose calculation inaccuracy. Finally, model validation and end‐to‐end testing results presented, underscore the minimal impact of transitioning to the new beam model and new reference conditions.
Quantifying cerebral microbleeds using quantitative susceptibility mapping from magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo
Authors: Naji Nashwan , Gee Myrlene , Jickling Glen C. , Emery Derek J. , Saad Feryal , McCreary Cheryl R. , Smith Eric E. , Camicioli Richard , Wilman Alan H.
Published: March 2024

T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) is commonly included in brain studies for structural imaging using magnitude images; however, its phase images can provide an opportunity to assess microbleed burden using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This potential application for MPRAGE‐based QSM was evaluated using in vivo and simulated measurements. Possible factors affecting image quality were also explored. Detection sensitivity was evaluated against standard multiecho gradient echo (MEGE) QSM using 3‐T in vivo data of 15 subjects with a combined total of 108 confirmed microbleeds. The two methods were compared based on the microbleed size and susceptibility measurements. In addition, simulations explored the detection sensitivity of MPRAGE‐QSM at different representative magnetic field strengths and echo times using microbleeds of different size, susceptibility, and location. Results showed that in vivo microbleeds appeared to be smaller (× 0.54) and of higher mean susceptibility (× 1.9) on MPRAGE‐QSM than on MEGE‐QSM, but total susceptibility estimates were in closer agreement (slope: 0.97, r2: 0.94), and detection sensitivity was comparable. In simulations, QSM at 1.5 T had a low contrast‐to‐noise ratio that obscured the detection of many microbleeds. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) levels at 3 T and above resulted in better contrast and increased detection. The detection rates for microbleeds of minimum one‐voxel diameter and 0.4‐ppm susceptibility were 0.55, 0.80, and 0.88 at SNR levels of 1.5, 3, and 7 T, respectively. Size and total susceptibility estimates were more consistent than mean susceptibility estimates, which showed size‐dependent underestimation. MPRAGE‐QSM provides an opportunity to detect and quantify the size and susceptibility of microbleeds of at least one‐voxel diameter at B0 of 3 T or higher with no additional time cost, when standard T2*‐weighted images are not available or have inadequate spatial resolution. The total susceptibility measure is more robust against sequence variations and might allow combining data from different protocols.
A three‐dimensional thermal‐electrochemical‐mechanical‐porous flow multiscale formulation for battery cells
Authors: Kulathu Sandeep , Hurtado Juan A. , Bose Kingshuk , Hahn Youngwon , Bouzinov Pavel A. , Taylor Robert L. , Oancea Victor
Published: March 2024

Several decades after the invention of the rechargeable Li‐ion battery, countless innovations from both the research and industry communities have led to placing the secondary battery at the heart of the electrification revolution in recent years. Mathematical and numerical models have been trusted companions in advancing the technology to help guide design improvements or to gain insight when physical measurements are impossible to perform. Starting with the breakthrough porous electrode theory (PET) model proposed by Newman and co‐workers in 1975 (Newman and Tiedemann, AIChE Journal, 1975, 21, 25–41), many authors have improved the formulation from a variety of perspectives. The novel aspects of the model we propose in this paper expand on this long stream of PET formulations and aim to address modeling needs that, to the authors' knowledge, have not been yet considered. The proposed formulation is characterized by the following concurrent features: (1) a full 3D description of the macroscale behavior and 1D microscale in spherical coordinates (Pseudo 4D formulation [P4D]) accounting for geometric details of the cell architecture such as imperfect spiral jellyrolls in cylindrical cells; (2) multiple concurrent particle chemistries to model the microscale lithiation/delithiation behavior at every macroscale element integration point, leading to a multiscale () approach; (3) a fully coupled thermal‐electrochemical‐mechanical stress interaction due to lithiation/delithiation induced swelling and external confinement; (4) spatially‐dependent porosity evolutions due to swelling of the particles in the porous electrodes; (5) electrolyte flow in the porous regions and overfill spaces via Darcy‐based flow including partial saturation of the active regions; (6) detailed descriptions of individual battery components such as the electrodes, separator, and current collectors with the possibility of “connecting” the different components through contact definitions; (7) fully linearized macro‐microscale coupling behavior allowing for large time increments in an implicit time integration scheme for a scalable and computationally effective numerical solution. A number of numerical examples including validation against experimental data are performed to demonstrate the predictive power of the proposed model and its efficiency for industrial applications.
Myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency is not impaired in patients with metabolically healthy overweight and obesity
Authors: Cefalo Chiara Maria Assunta , Riccio Alessia , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Succurro Elena , Mannino Gaia Chiara , Perticone Maria , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio
Published: March 2024

Objective

Reduced myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency (MEE) was associated with BMI. Subgroups of individuals with increased BMI but favorable cardiovascular risk profile were identified as individuals with “metabolically healthy overweight” (MHOW) and “metabolically healthy obesity” (MHO), respectively. We aim to investigate whether those with MHOW/MHO, defined as those having none of the components of metabolic syndrome, exhibit impaired MEE compared with their unhealthy counterparts.

Methods

Myocardial MEE per gram of left ventricular mass (MEEi) was assessed by echocardiography in 2190 nondiabetic individuals participating in the CATAnzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors (CATAMERI) study who were divided, according to BMI and metabolic status, into groups of individuals with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), MHOW, metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).

Results

After adjusting for age and sex, no differences in myocardial MEEi were observed among individuals with MHNW, MHOW, and MHO (p = 0.56). Myocardial MEEi was comparable among individuals with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO (p = 0.21). Individuals with MHNW, MHOW, and MHO displayed significantly higher myocardial MEEi compared with their unhealthy counterparts.

Conclusions

Increased BMI is not an obligate determinant for reduced myocardial MEEi. Other known components of metabolic syndrome rather than increased BMI contributed to reduced myocardial MEEi.
Development and Characterization of Plant‐derived Aristatoside C and Davisianoside B Saponin‐loaded Phytosomes with Suppressed Hemolytic Activity
Authors: Ercelen Sebnem , Bulkurcuoglu Bunyamin , Oksuz Mustafa , Nalbantsoy Ayse , Sarikahya Nazli Boke
Published: March 2024

Saponins are glycosides widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have many pharmacological activities. However, their tendency to bind to cell membranes can cause cell rupture, limiting their clinical use. In the previous study, aristatoside C and davisianoside B were isolated from Cephalaria species. Cytotoxicity assays showed that they are more active on A‐549 cell lines than doxorubicin but caused hemolysis. In the current research, aristatoside C and davisianoside B were loaded to phytosomes called ALPs and DLPs respectively, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetic, hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity on A‐549 cell line. DLPs maintained the cytotoxic activity of the free saponins against A‐549 cells with IC50 of 9,64±0,02 μg/ml but dramatically reduced their hemolytic activity. Furthermore, temperature and time‐dependent stability studies based on the size and zeta potential of ALPs and DLPs revealed that the phytosomes have sustained release properties over 2 weeks. Overall, DLPs displayed cytotoxicity against A‐549 cells with minimal hemolysis and sustained release, highlighting their potential as nanotherapeutics for clinical applications.
Pediatric splenic infarction: Assessment of associated clinical conditions and outcome
Authors: Grishin Evgeny , Soudack Michalle , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Bezalel Yael , Lubetsky Aharon , Cohen Omri , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Efros Orly , Kenet Gili , Barg Assaf A.
Published: March 2024

Pediatric splenic infarction (SI) is rare yet clinically significant. Publications regarding this complication are mostly limited to case reports. This is a retrospective study examining SI etiology, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes among children. Twenty‐two patients (median age: 7.9 years) were included, mostly with pre‐existing hematological diseases. Splenomegaly (72%), thrombocytopenia, and anemia were common. Most of the patients did not receive antithrombotic therapy yet only two patients experienced recurrences. During follow up 36% of patients died, however no fatalities were attributed to thrombotic or bleeding complications.
Adequate menstrual suppression in adolescents with inherited bleeding disorders often requires multiple treatment changes: Retrospective cohort study of a multidisciplinary clinic
Authors: Brown Megan C. , Tickle Kelly , Woods Kalinda , Sidonio Robert F.
Published: March 2024

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is often the presenting symptom for females with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). Multidisciplinary clinics leverage the expertise of hematologists and women's health specialists. This study characterizes the complexity of HMB management for adolescents with IBDs from a large multidisciplinary clinic. Adolescents often required multiple different menstrual suppression treatments, with only about 20% achieving acceptable suppression with their first treatment. Adolescents switched therapy most often for uncontrolled bleeding, followed by adverse effects, and patient preference. Given the difficulty in achieving adequate menstrual suppression, multidisciplinary clinics offer necessary expertise in accomplishing bleeding control with minimal adverse effects.
Analytical quality by design based on knowledge organization: A case study of developing an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of phenolic compounds
Authors: Tai Yanni , Zhao Mintong , Ding Feng , Wu Gelin , Qu Haibin , Gong Ping , Xie Yongjian , Zhou Peng , Gong Xingchu
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Despite numerous successful cases, there are still some challenges in using analytical quality by design (AQbD) for the development of analytical methods. Knowledge organization helps to enhance the objectivity of risk assessment, reduce the number of preliminary exploratory experiments, identify potential critical method parameters (CMPs) and their scope.

Objective

In the present study, we aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust analytical method for detecting phenolic compounds in Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates utilizing knowledge organization.

Methods

Knowledge organization and AQbD were combined to obtain the initial analytical conditions through knowledge collection, extraction, reorganization, and analysis. The quantitative relationship between critical method attributes (CMAs) and CMPs was then established by a definitive screening design. The method operable design region was calculated using an exhaustive Monte Carlo approach based on the probability of reaching the standard. Robustness investigation and methodological validation were finally performed.

Results

Analytical target profiles, CMAs, potential CMPs, and initial analytical conditions were initially identified, and the optimized ranges of operating parameters were obtained. A UHPLC method was successfully established for the analysis of phenolic compounds in ginger–ginger pinellia percolate, and the method validation outcomes were also satisfactory.

Conclusion

The developed method can be a reliable means to detect the phenolic compounds of Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates. Knowledge organization provides a new approach for making better use of prior knowledge, significantly enhancing the efficiency of analytical method development. The approach is versatile and can be similarly applied to the development of other methods.
Embedding social emotional learning from the bottom up in multi‐tiered services and supports frameworks
Authors: Guest Jessie D. , Ross Robbie A. , Childs Tasha M. , Ascetta Kate E. , Curcio Rachelle , Iachini Aidyn , Griffiths Lauren
Published: March 2024

Student mental health needs continue to rise across the United States and many students and families rely on schools to provide services to meet these needs. Yet, an overwhelming number of available frameworks and approaches to school mental health (SMH) and overlapping terminology surrounding SMH supports like trauma‐informed (TI) approaches, social and emotional learning (SEL), and others can lead to confusion and potentially less effective implementation of services and supports for students. In this paper, we aim to mitigate this confusion and offer a solution that integrates several of these approaches into a single complementary model with a special emphasis on the role of SEL. We first present an overview of commonly used SMH frameworks. Next, we present the Trauma‐Informed Multi‐Tiered Systems of Support Model (TI‐SEL MTSS)–an adaptation of the TITI‐SEL MTSS–to include and emphasize the specific role of SEL as a critical foundational layer within a multi‐tiered system of support. The proposed adapted model maintains the key structure of a MTSS while highlighting the importance of embedding SEL pedagogy in daily teaching practices and all aspects of school life. A case study is used to illustrate how the proposed model adaptations can be used in practice and in tandem with TI and SMH services without being conflated as the same service as SEL. Practical implications for implementation are discussed.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for clinically diagnosed early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer: Importance of accurate CT interpretation by experts
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke , Honda Koichi , Yamazaki Takuya , Hayashi Hideyuki , Tsutsui Shin , Fukushima Aya , Honda Sumihisa , Uetani Masataka , Ashizawa Kazuto
Published: March 2024

Introduction

This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for both pathologically diagnosed (PD) and clinically diagnosed (CD) early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explored the significance of accurate expert computed tomography (CT) interpretation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 95 patients with early‐stage NSCLC who received SBRT at our institution. Patients were classified into CD and PD groups. Two chest radiologists retrospectively interpreted the pre‐SBRT CT images to determine the tumor subtype and probability of malignancy (PM). Clinical findings, CT features, and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. The survival rate of the CD group was analyzed separately according to the PM grade.

Results

Median overall survival for the CD and PD groups was 6.0 and 5.4 years (P = 0.57), respectively. Median cause‐specific survival was 10.2 years in the CD group and not reached in the PD group (P = 0.76). In the CD group, lung cancer mortality was lower in the low PM group (25% [1 of 4]) than in the high PM group (47.4% [9 of 19]).

Conclusion

It may be desirable to evaluate the PM of the nodule using expert CT interpretation to decide whether SBRT is indicated in CD early‐stage NSCLC.