bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID pandemic on the use of urban green spaces: A systematic review
Authors: Kleinschroth Fritz , Savilaakso Sini , Kowarik Ingo , Martinez Paloma , Chang Yuyang , Jakstis Kristen , Fischer Leonie
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted urban resilience. Studies on urban green spaces (UGS) lack consensus whether their use increased or decreased during COVID-19 and how this related to policy and economic conditions. In a systematic review, we screened >3000 articles in Chinese, English, French, German, and Spanish and identified 178 articles with information on UGS use in 61 countries. We find that the world was divided in places with increased and decreased use of UGS. Decreases happened where COVID-19 policies were stricter and the GDP per capita was lower. 77% of studies conducted on public parks showed decreased, while all on private gardens and 63% on forests and natural areas showed increased uses. Evidence from the Global South is limited, but our findings indicate that economic wealth significantly influences access to UGS, and this disparity was exacerbated during COVID-19. Green infrastructure for healthy cities needs to extend beyond public parks.
Establishment of a prognostic model of hepatocellular carcinoma based on inflammatory factor-related genes and prognosis-related characteristics
Authors: 窦 港 , Liu Guan , Bai Liangliang , Li Zhimei , Tan Kai , He Xiaojun , Yang Zhenyu , Lei Shixiong , Du Xilin , Shao Junjie
Published: September 2023

Background:This study established oneprognostic prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using inflammatory factor-associatedgenes to forecast the HCC patients’ clinical prognosis more accurately.
Methods: From Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well asInternational Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), gene expression profiles of HCC patients were acquired, and from gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) database, inflammatory factors-associated genes were downloaded. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), key genes were identified. Through Univariate Cox as well as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses, prognostic inflammatory factors-associated gene signatureswere identified. The predictive value of prognostic features was verified via the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. CIBERSORT analysis was conducted for assessing associations of risk models with immune cells. Line-and-trace plots were drawn for predicting the HCC patients’ survival probability according to risk models.
Results: Totally 6 genes (ATP2A3, CMTM7, EFEMP1, GMIP, HLA. Prognostic characteristics of DPB1, and LAMB1) were selected for establishing predictive models and verifying their prognostic value and their correlation with clinical features. The K-M curve verified the area under the curve (AUC) of TCGA and two GEO and ICGC-JP datasets (P<0.0001, P=0.0086, 0.00013, and 0.00093, respectively). The prediction accuracy of the risk model was also verified. A line plot was drawn for predicting the HCC patients’ survival, and the calibration curve revealeda satisfactory predictability. Lastly, the functional analysis also revealed immune state differencebetween two different risk groups.
Conclusion: This study established and validated one new inflammatory factor-associated prognostic gene trait that could contribute to a more accurate individualized prediction of HCC patients’ survival.
Utility of flash glucose monitoring to determine glycemic load induced by different doughs in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Taras Maria Antonietta , Cherchi Sara , Campesi Ilaria , Margarita Valentina , Carboni Gavino , Rappelli Paola , Tonolo Giancarlo
Published: September 2023

Background
It has been previously showed that sourdough bread, compared to commercial yeast bread, elicits a lower postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT).
Aims
To evaluate in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM): 1) Glucose load (GL) to three different doughs: X = prepared with functional alkaline biocrystal water, Y = Sourdough leavened bread, and W = baker yeast bread; 2) the utility of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) to measure GL.
Methods
Ten T2DM on diet (6 Males, diabetes duration 10.8 ± 1.2 years with no complications, Hba1c < 7.0%), after 12 hours fasting, consumed 180 grams study bread leavened/matured for 48 (X),8 (Y), and 4 hours (W) at room temperature with 200 ml water, in random order, single-blind, in three different days. All patients had a FGM running for the entire period of the experiments. Insulin was determined by capillary blood obtained at basal and at the peak glucose concentration.
Results
Peak glucose and peak insulin concentration were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for W versus both X and Y, without significant differences between X and Y. Glucose Load over 240 minutes was significantly higher in W than X (p < 0.01) and Y (p < 0.05), without significant differences between X and Y.
Conclusions
1) bread prepared with biocrystal water has the same lower GL of Sourdough Bread compared to baker yeast bread with an easier management of the leavening/maturation period; 2) FGM is a reliable method for determining the GL in response to a carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetic patients.
Robust denoising FCM clustering via L2,1 NMF and local constraint
Authors: Fan Xuezhen , Li Xiangli , Lu Xiyan
Published: September 2023

The Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is widely used in data mining and machine learning. However,the sensitivity of FCM to the initial value and noise inevitably leads to the decline of the clusteringeffect. In this paper, a new improved fuzzy clustering algorithm is proposed— Robust denoising FCMclustering via L2,1 NMF and local constraint (RFCM-L 2,1NMF). Firstly, RFCM-L 2,1NMF combinesthe L 2,1NMF that has noise residual estimation with FCM, using the robustness and noise constraintterms of the L 2,1NMF to attenuate the effect of noise on data clustering. Secondly, RFCM-L 2,1NMFuses the low-dimensional representation of L 2,1NMF as the initial value of FCM, which reduces thedefects of FCM caused by the initial value to a certain extent, and makes the clustering effect morestable. Furthermore, since the low-dimensional representation of L 2,1NMF is the hub connecting L 2,1NMF and FCM, to obtain a more accurate low-dimensional representation, we construct a newlocal constraint term in this paper. Finally, experiments on data sets validate that RFCM-L 2,1NMFis superior compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
The predictive value of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist indexes for the prognosis of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yao Lin , Zhou Zihao , Yu Tao , Wang Guiliang , Fan Zhen , Tang Yun
Published: September 2023

Objective
This study assessed the predictive value of electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) and the EAdi-derived monitoring index in the prognosis of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage.
Methods
Ninety patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage were admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit of Yijishan Hospital from April 2019 to June 2021 and were divided into the good prognosis group (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] ≥ 4) and poor prognosis group (GOS ≤ 3). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate prediction accuracy.
Results
EAdi, neuro-ventilatory efficiency (NVE), and neuro-muscular efficiency (NME) in patients with good prognosis were significantly higher than those in patients with poor prognosis (4.707 µV vs 2.80 µV, P < 0.001; 141.85 ml/µV vs 66.01 ml/µV, P = 0.000; 2.57 cm H2O/µV vs 1.37 cm H2O/µV, P = 0.000). The area under the ROC curve for the EAdi score was 0.719, with sensitivity of 69.70% and specificity of 68.42% when EAdi was 3.6 µV. The AUC for NVE score was 0.793, with sensitivity of 75.76% and specificity of 77.19% when the NVE value was 95.32 ml/µV. The AUC for NME score was 0.792, with sensitivity of 69.70% and specificity of 78.95% when the NME value was 2.06 H2O/µV. The 6-month survival time of patients with higher EAdi, NVE, and NME was significantly longer than that of patients with lower EAdi, NVE, and NME.
Conclusion
EAdi, NVE, and NME can be used as indices for predicting the prognosis of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage.
Trial registration
No.ChiCTR1900022861. Registered April 28, 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn
Pyridine-mediated B–B bond cleavage of tetrahydroxydiboron to synthesize n-doped SWCNTs with long-term air stability
Authors: Tanaka Naoki , Hamasuna Aoi , Yamaguchi Itsuki , Kato Koichiro , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko
Published: September 2023

Neutral radicals, including carbon radicals, are highly useful chemical species for the functionalization of semiconducting materials to change their electrical and optical properties owing to their high reactivity. However, boron radicals have been limited to synthetic and reaction chemistry, with rare utilization in materials science. In this study, a mixture of tetrahydroxydiboron (B2(OH)4) and pyridine derivatives was found to act as an electron dopant for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) because of the electron transfer from pyridine-mediated boron radicals generated by B–B bond dissociation to neutral radicals. In particular, the radical formed from a mixture of B2(OH)4 and 4-phenylpyridine ((4-Phpy)B(OH)2•) efficiently doped electrons into the SWCNT films; thus, n-type SWCNTs with long-term air stability for more than 50 days at room temperature were prepared. Furthermore, the experimental and theoretical surface analyses revealed that the formation of stable cations from ((4-Phpy)B(OH)2•) and the efficient interaction with SWCNTs due to their high planarity served as the mechanism for their stable doping.
Impact of Coconut Oil and its Bioactive Principles in Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bafail Duaa , Bafail Abrar , Alshehri Norah Farraj , Alhalees Noura Hamdi , Bajarwan Ahmad
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: As the older population increases, Alzheimer's disease and dementia cause substantial problems to healthcare systems worldwide, demanding efficient preventative and treatment measures. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Interest in coconut oil as a potential dietary intervention has grown due to its high content of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which are metabolized to ketone bodies and might serve as a substitute for glucose in the brain, sustain cognitive function, and possibly reduce the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.METHOD: Relevant research articles published between January 2015 and June 2023 were searched in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed (MEDLINE) databases using multiple search strategies. Only studies on human subjects that assessed the impact of coconut oil and its bioactive components on cognitive function and dementia in patients with AD were included. Four publications met the eligibility criteria. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the summary standard mean (SM) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Forest Plot was generated using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3).RESULTS: The analysis revealed that all studies showed consistent results regarding the effect of coconut oil on cognitive scores, with little variability in the true effects of coconut oil on cognitive scores across the studies included in the meta-analysis.CONCLUSION: We concluded that coconut oil improved cognitive scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). The results of this study add to the increasing amount of evidence indicating that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) found in coconut oil might be a way to improve abilities and potentially slow down the advancement of Alzheimer’s disease. The findings of this study could encourage the development of targeted dietary strategies and interventions for individuals at risk for or diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450435).
Status, challenges and opportunities of landslide susceptibility assessment in China: the perspective from national bibliometric analysis and global comparison for hazard mitigation
Authors: Xiong Hanxiang , Wang Yuzhou , Tan Jiayao , Xiong Ruihan , Yang Shilong , Ma Chuanming
Published: September 2023

Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is a crucial step for landslide risk management, hazard mitigation, land use planning, and sustainable development. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of LSA literature in China and compared it with global trends, aiming to identify the status, challenges and opportunities of LSA in China. We created a database of 337 peer-reviewed LSA articles in China, analysing ten aspects, including temporal trends, journals, authors, institutions, keywords, study areas, inventory information, landslide factors, models, and evaluation metrics. Our results show that China is a leading contributor to LSA research, with top contributors being Environmental Earth Science, Chen Wei, and China University of Geoscience. Over 90% of the articles used a single inventory for assessment, primarily derived from field mapping and aerial photograph interpretation. Slope, geo-lithology, and aspect were identified as key factors in landslide occurrence in China, and machine learning models have become the mainstream methods for LSA. ROC curves were the most used evaluation metric. Priority regions for landslide management in China include Hunan, Fujian, and Guangxi. By global comparisons, concerns remain about the impact of LSA articles, engagement with global issues, landslide inventory quality, suitability of machine learning models, factor selection, and evaluation metric reliability. According to the gaps between global and China, we identified six challenges and opportunities, including technology R&D, landslide factor determination, hybrid model development, comprehensive evaluation systems, responses to climate change and human activity, and the shift from susceptibility to management and sustainable development. Recommendations addressing these challenges are also provided, and a general framework for assessing the challenges and opportunities in LSA for any other country or other fields is provided. It is able to support decision-makers in making more informed decisions.
Synchronous recording of magnetocardiographic and electrocardiographic signals
Authors: Pęczalski Kazimierz , Sobiech Judyta , Buchner Teodor , Kornack Thomas , Foley Elizabeth , Janczak Daniel , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Newby David , Ford Nancy , Zajdel Maryla
Published: September 2023

We present a system for simultaneous recording of the electrocardiogram and the magnetocardiogram. The measurement system contained of printed carbon electrodes and SERF magnetometer. The use of this system confirms that the position of the end of the magnetic T wave extends further than the electric T wave, which is an important indicator for the diagnosis of cardiological patients and for drug arrhythmogenicity. We analyze this phenomenon in depth, and demonstrate, that it originates from the fundamental difference between electric and magnetic measurements. The measured value is always bipolar since the electric measurements require two electrodes. We demonstrate how the dual electric and magnetic measuring system adds a new information to the commonly used electrocardiographic diagnosis. The ECG should be interpreted as the spatial asymmetry of the electric cardiac potential, and not as the potential itself. The results seem to prove, that the relation between the magnetic and the electric imaging of neural activities may be broadly applied for the benefit of medical diagnosis in cardiology and many other fields, where the neural activity is measured. This is a pilot study which requires further confirmation at the clinical level.
Exploration of a Hypoxia-Immune-Related Microenvironment Gene Signature and Prediction Model for Hepatitis C-induced Early-stage Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Chu Wen , Cai Haozheng , Shen Junyi , Zhang Xiaoyun , Peng Wei , Li Chuan , Lv Haopeng , Wen Tianfu
Published: September 2023

Background: Liver fibrosis contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in Western nations, primarily attributed to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Hypoxia and immune status have been reported to be significantly correlated with the progression of liver fibrosis. The current research aimed to investigate the gene signature related to the hypoxia-immune-related microenvironment and identify potential targets for liver fibrosis.
Method: Sequencing data obtained from GEO were employed to assess the hypoxia and immune status of the discovery set utilizing UMAP and ESTIMATE methods. The prognostic genes were screened utilizing the LASSO model. The infiltration levelof 22 types of immune cells was quantified utilizing CIBERSORT, and a prognosis-predictive model was established per the selected genes. The model was also verified using qRT-PCR with surgical resection samples, including three liver transplantation donors, three individuals with liver fibrosis, and three individuals with hepatitis cirrhosis.
Results: Elevated hypoxia and immune status waslinked to an unfavorable prognosis in HCV-induced early-stage liver fibrosis. Increased plasma and resting NK cell infiltration was identified as a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression. Additionally, CYP1A2, CBS, GSTZ1, FOXA1, WDR72 and UHMK1 were determined as hypoxia-immune-related protective genes. The combined model effectively predicted patient prognosis. Furthermore, the preliminary validation of clinical samples supported most of the conclusions drawn from this study.
Conclusion: The prognosis-predictive model developed using six hypoxia-immune-related genes effectively predicts the prognosis and progression of liver fibrosis. The current study opens new avenues for the future prediction and treatment of liver fibrosis.
LSD1 regulates autophagy and apoptosis by acting through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Wenwen , Shi Tengbin , Zhou Linquan , Chen Zhi , Liu Wenge
Published: September 2023

The epigenetic enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) can negatively regulate autophagy in nerve injury diseases. Inhibition of LSD1 can enhance autophagy, attenuate apoptosis, and provide effective neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, existing studies have not fully interrogated the specific mechanisms through which LSD1 promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. We tested if LSD1 induces autophagy and apoptosis of neurons after spinal cord injury by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by using differentiated PC12 cells in LSD1 gene knockdown and drug inhibition experiments. We found that LSD1 knockdown or inhibition decreased the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related proteins. Stimulation of LSD1 knockdown cells with the pathway activator IGF-1 increased the expression of LSD1, markedly attenuating the originally enhanced autophagy, and increasing apoptosis. We also showed an interaction between LSD1 and P-PI3K proteins using immunoprecipitation experiments.
A novel, multi-active emollient for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Robijns Jolien , Bever Leen Van , Hermans Sanne , Claes Marithé , Lodewijckx Joy , Lenaerts Melissa , Tuts Laura , Vandaele Eline , Vinken Evelien , Noé Leen , Verboven Katleen , Maes Annelies , De Velde Anne-Sophie Van , Bulens Paul , Bulens Philippe , Bergh Laura Van den , Mebis Jeroen
Published: September 2023

Purpose
To investigate the efficacy of a novel, multi-active emollient in preventing and managing acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) in breast cancer patients undergoing moderate hypofractionated (HF) radiotherapy (RT) compared to standard of care.
Methods
A monocentric, open-label, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with breast cancer patients receiving moderate HF (dose: 40.05-55.86Gy, fractions:15-21) was conducted between January 2022 and May 2023. The experimental group received the novel emollient, while the control group received the standard skin care. Patients applied the skin care products twice daily during the complete RT course. The primary outcome was the severity of ARD at the final RT session measured by the modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria. Secondary outcomes included patient symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and treatment satisfaction.
Results
A total of 100 patients with 50 patients per group were enrolled. In the control group, 50% of the patients developed RTOG grade 1 ARD and 48% grade 2 or higher, while in the experimental group, the severity of ARD was significantly lower with 82% grade 1 and 16% grade 2 ARD (P = .013, χ2-test). The frequency and severity of xerosis were significantly lower in the experimental compared to the control group (Ps ≤ .036, Mann Whiney U-test). The impact of ARD on the QoL was low, and treatment satisfaction was high in both groups, with no significant difference.
Conclusion
This RCT shows that the novel, multi-active emollient significantly reduced the ARD RTOG grade. Research in a more diverse patient population is warranted.
Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04929808(11/06/2021)
High Injury Prevalence in South African Adolescent Field Hockey Players: Implications for Future Practice
Authors: De Wit Dale , Ducray Jennifer Frances , Pillay Julian David
Published: September 2023

Background: Field hockey is a popular sport, globally. Due to the nature of hockey, players repeatedly perform a combination of forward flexion and rotational movements of the spine to strike the ball, predisposing them to pain/injury. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in male adolescent field hockey players, its characteristics and association with selected risk factors, and treatment approaches.
Methods: A survey was conducted on 112 male adolescent field hockey players in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sixty-eight questionnaires were completed (67% participation rate); period prevalence of LBP was 63.2% (35.0%: beginning of the season, 32.4%: mid-season, 22.1%: end-season); incidence was 38.2%.
Results: The most common location for LBP was the middle low back region (39.5%); the most common duration of pain was a few hours (32.6%). Most participants (79.1%) did not classify their pain as a disability; only 44.2% of participants received medical treatment.
Conclusions: The results of this study, although limited to a select group of adolescents, showed a higher prevalence of LBP than previous studies. More importantly, even though most participants did not experience LBP classified as a disability, LBP still had a large impact on participants, as nearly half of the participants consulted with a medical professional. A need for the application of further strategies in the prevention and management of LBP in field hockey such as adequate warm-up and cool-down, stretching exercises and rest between sessions are recommended as simple strategies to reduce LBP prevalence.
Energy relaxation in a vacuum capacitor-resistor circuit: measurement of sequential decays with divergent time constants
Authors: kowalski frank
Published: September 2023

The decay of the electrical energy in a resistor-vacuum capacitor circuit is shown to involve multiple sequential relaxation processes, with increasing time constants, separated by transition regions that involve a change in current direction. This is measured using a vacuum capacitor to eliminate the effect of a dielectric between the plates (although ceramic and polypropylene capacitors exhibit similar behavior). A simple phenomenological model accounts for this behavior in spite of the difficulty in applying Maxwell's equations to such a circuit. These results will lead to a revision of our understanding of the physics of circuits, having particular impact on applications that use capacitors as sensors in collecting precision data (such as found in quantum measurements and dielectric spectroscopy).
The Thermal Performance Off Different Construction Regulation in MOROCCO of the Building sector.
Authors: BENACHIR NOUHAILA , Farida Bendriaa , MOUHIB TAOUFIQ
Published: September 2023

The building envelope includes all the building components that separate the indoors from the outdoors. Building envelopes include the exterior walls, foundations, roof, windows and doors.
The performance of the building envelope is impacted by a number of sub-systems, such as heating, cooling and ventilating equipment, plumbing and electrical systems. The interaction of the sub‐systems with the components of the building envelope, as well as certain activities of the occupants, can affect the performance of the building envelope.
The building envelope should keep out: • temperature extremes • moisture, as vapour or liquid • dust • wind Additionally, to maintain durability, the building envelope should not permit weather elements to be trapped inside the walls. This may cause wall components to deteriorate, and continue to decay. In the early stages, it can usually be remedied relatively inexpensively. As time progresses, costs increase exponentially.
The objective of these simulations is to establish the optimal technical options to significantly improve the thermal performance of the target buildings compared to the current situation, considered as a reference. For this purpose, a series of thermal simulations were carried out on reference buildings using the TRNSYS software.choice of reference buildingsSeven reference buildings were chosen in consultation with the ministries in charge of the sectors concerned, to be the subject of thermal simulations:
Early maladaptive schemas in patients with chronic headache
Authors: YONTAR Gözde , OZGAN Esen
Published: September 2023

Background
Chronic headache is a serious clinical problem in women which psychological factors play major role and requires an approach with bio-psycho-social integrity. Psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety disorder and major depression are frequent. Young described Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) as maladaptive and dysfunctional patterns that appear due to unpleasant situations occurred between patient and people who were important to him. EMSs affect perception, emotions, thoughts and behaviors that makes a basis for many disorders. EMSs are found to be related with depression, anxiety and somatization within recent literature. There is a lack of data about the relationship between EMSs and migraine (MH) and tension-type headache (TTH). Our study directly compared three groups, migraine and tension type headache and healthy controls.
Methods
150 female patients with chronic headache were enrolled for study in consecutive fashion. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or > 60 years, male gender, existence of comorbidity affecting central nervous system, headache due to drug/substance abuse, previous diagnosis of migraine with aura, previous diagnosis of psychotic disease, mental retardation, cognitive disorders, being in delirium state. Patients were grouped into two categories according to type of headache and a third control group. All patients were evaluated with Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and their scores were noted and categorized in related schema domains.
Results
Sociodemographic data were comparable among groups. However, there were significant differences in terms of previous psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric drug usage. When we compared YSQ scores, groups differed in many schema categories. MH group showed significantly higher scores in dependency/incompetency, unrelenting standards and punitiveness schemas when compared to remaining two groups. TTH group had significantly more points in emotional deprivation, vulnerability to harm or illness schemas among all groups. On the other hand, control group had significantly higher scores in insufficient self-discipline and entitlement/grandiosity schemas when compared to both MH and TTH groups.
Conclusion
Presence of EMSs in female patients with headache significantly differed from control group. Types of early maladaptive schemas were also significantly different between patients with MH and TTH among this whole headache group.
FLAM: Locating and Mitigating 5GC Network Failure with Knowledge Graphs in China Telecom’s Network
Authors: Yu Peihua , Zhang Hua , Jiang Xiaofeng , Zhou Yi , Yan Xuechun , Zeng Qiang , Lin Yaoxin
Published: September 2023

China Telecom’s fifth-generation core (5GC) network is complicated owing to own characterizations of service based architecture and network functions vir-tualization, and thus is vulnerable of network failures. When a failure occurs, operations and maintenance (O&M) experts need to firstly analyze its root cause based on their professional experience; then recommending an available solution for the failure. However, 5GC network failures occur frequently, and most of them are similar; thus, inviting O&M experts to the 5GC network scene costs a super-long of time (hourly level) and wastes too much money. In this paper, we propose a knowledge&data-driven 5GC network Failure Location and Automated Mitigation (FLAM) mechanism. Particularly, FLAM illustrates the experts experience of different network failures using knowledge graphs. Four state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms are applied in FLAM to compare which one can better locate the root cause of network failures. Besides, a real-time checking module is designed to automatically diagnose the related network functions for network failures. Based on China Telecom’s real-wild data of network failures, the proposed mechanism is evaluated in the metrics of algorithm complexity and location accuracy. Experimental results show that the decision tree model has an accuracy of 99% for locating the root cause of network failures, which owns the best performance compared to the random forest, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbor algorithms.
A Novel infrared spectroscopy biomarker to predict postoperative infection and sepsis in patients with upper urinary tract calculus
Authors: Lin Jiexiang , Yang Zesong , Hong Yun , Cai Wanghai , Pan Honghong , Hu Minxiong , Lin Jie , Ye Liefu
Published: September 2023

Background
Urinary tract infection, especially sepsis, is a common and severe postoperative complication for patients with upper urinary tract calculus (UUTC). Infrared wavelengths are widely used to identify calculus mineral composition, but their role in predicting postoperative infections remains unknown. This study aimed to develop an Infrared-infection score (IR-infection score) system based on calculi infrared wavelengths to indicate postoperative infection in UUTC patients.
Methods
From March 2018 to March 2023, 328 patients from Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch were included in constructing the IR-infection score and nomogram, and 152 patients from Fujian Provincial Hospital were used as the validation cohort. Then IR-infection score was constructed based on infection-related infrared wavelengths by univariate and multivariate analysis. Continually, logistic regression with the stepwise backward method was used to build a nomogram. Afterward, the IR-infection score and nomogram were evaluated by the ROC curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curves, the decision curves. Finally, the Delong test was used to compare the predictive power of the IR-infection score with traditional indicators.
Results
Our study showed that the IR-infection score could precisely predict postoperative infection and sepsis in UUTC patients (postoperative infection: AUC construction cohort = 0.708, AUC validation cohort = 0.707; postoperative sepsis: AUC construction cohort = 0.690, AUC validation cohort = 0.824), with better predictive values than calculus composition and clinical indicators including blood white blood cell, procalcitonin, urine white blood cells, urine bacterial count, and urine culture. Moreover, the nomogram based on IR-infection score had high predictive power (all AUCs ＞ 0.8).
Conclusion
Our study first identified infrared wavelengths related to infection and offered new insights into extending the application of the infrared spectrum in predicting postoperative infection in UUTC patients.
Prevalence and related factors for physical function and cognitive impairment among older adults in southern China: A population-based regional cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cui Hong , Chen Ling , Wang Xiaoxia , Lin Lixia , Huang Qiao , Guo Jinhua , Gong Bei , Shen Tiemei
Published: September 2023

As the country with the largest and fastest-aging older population worldwide, China has hosted an increasing number of regional investigations of disability in older adults. However, the disability prevalence related to physical function and cognition in southern China is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated factors for cognitive and physical-function impairment in persons 60 years or older. For this population-based cross-sectional study design, a total of 5603 participants were recruited between June 2021 to December 2022, using multistage, stratified, cluster-sampling procedure. Instruments including general questionnaire, basic and instrumental activities of daily life, Chinese version of mini-mental state examination, patient health questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety disorder-7 were used to collect data in the form of WetChat mini program. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the influencing factors. The prevalence of physical function and cognitive impairment in older adults was 37.3% and 31.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that age, family income, education level, place of residence, medication type, annual physical examination, weekly social activities, care from family or friends, hearing disorder, walking disorder and depression were all associated with physical function and cognitive impairment. Moreover, an increased risk of physical function impairment was associated with BMI, region, income source, smoking and weekly exercise, and cognitive impairment was associated with the number of children, insurance type, coronary heart disease and anxiety. Physical function (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.49, 2.16) and cognitive impairment (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.51, 2.21) were mutually influenced in our study. This study showed a high prevalence of and several related factors for physical function and cognitive impairment in Guangdong Province. The results revealed that comprehensive and systematic prevention and control programs for disability should be established to improve the quality of life of older adults.
Dietary retinol intake from different sources and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study
Authors: Liu Can , Sun Xiaona , Peng Jing , Yu Haiqing , Lu Jiao , Feng Yihui
Published: September 2023

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an urgent public health issue with high global prevalence, but data on NAFLD are inconsistent. The association of dietary retinol intake with the NAFLD risk was not well documented in previous studies.
Aims: To explore the relationship between dietary retinol intake from different sources and NAFLD risk among American adults.
Methods: Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2014. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate the relationship between dietary retinol intake and NAFLD risk.
Results: 6,613 adult participants were included. After adjusting potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD for the highest quartile intake of total, animal-derived, plant-derived dietary retinol, were respectively 0.86 (0.69-1.06), 0.97 (0.74-1.28), and 0.78 (0.61-0.99), compared to the lowest quartile. Stratifying gender and age, plant-derived dietary retinol was inversely associated with NAFLD risk in females and participants aged <45 years. Dose-response analysis indicated a linear negative relationship between plant-derived dietary retinol intake and NAFLD risk.
Conclusion: Consumption of plant-derived retinol was protective against NAFLD, especially in women and those aged <45 years among adult American.
Efficacy of pharmacotherapies for bulimia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Sijie , Song yafeng , Shen Chongkai , Shao Fei
Published: September 2023

Objective
The main purpose was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of different medications used to treat bulimia nervosa(BN).
Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from published sources through searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, from inception to November 2022. Primary outcomes were: changes in the frequency of binge eating episodes and vomiting episodes from baseline to endpoint. Secondary outcomes were difference in the improvement of scores in depressive symptoms; tolerability (dropout due to adverse events) and weight change.
Results
The literature search ultimately included 11 drugs, 33 studies and 6 types of medicine, 8 trials with TCAs (imipramine, desipramine and amitriptyline), 14 with SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine), 6 with MAOIs (phenelzine, moclobemide and brofaromine), 3 with antiepileptic drugs (topiramate), 1 with mood stabilizer (lithium), 1 with amphetamine-type appetite suppressant (fenfluramine). In the reduction of binge eating episodes was more likely on these drugs than placebo, the SMD was − 0.4 (95% CI -0.61~-0.19); about the changes in the frequency of vomiting episodes (SMD=-0.16, 95% CI -0.3~-0.03); weight (WMD=-3.05, 95% CI -5.97~-0.13); depressive symptoms (SMD=-0.29 ,95% CI -0.48~-0.11). However, no statistical difference was found in dropout due to adverse events (RR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.98 ~ 2.67).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicates that most pharmacotherapies declined the frequency of binge-eating and vomiting episode, body weight, and depressive symptoms in BN patients, but the efficacy is not very significant. In each medicine, the efficacy is not the same, which through different aspects, different symptoms to improve the clinical performance of bulimia nervosa.
Modeling Wood Product Carbon Flows in Southern US Pine Plantations: Implications for Carbon Storage
Authors: Puls Sarah J. , Cook Rachel L. , Baker Justin S. , Rakestraw Jim , Trlica Andrew
Published: September 2023

Background
Wood products continue to store carbon sequestered in forests after harvest and therefore play an important role in the total carbon storage associated with the forest sector. Trade-offs between carbon sequestration/storage in wood product pools and managed forest systems exist, and in order for forest sector carbon modeling to be meaningful, it must link wood product carbon with the specific forest system from which the products originate and have the ability to incorporate in situ and ex situ carbon synchronously over time.
Results
This study uses elements of a life-cycle assessment approach, tracing carbon from southern US loblolly timber harvests to emission, to create a decision support tool that practitioners can use to inform policy design around land- and bioproduct-based mitigation strategies. We estimate that wood products from annual loblolly and shortleaf pine timber harvests across the southern US store 29.7 MtC in the year they enter the market, and 4.6 MtC remain stored after 120 years. We estimate fossil fuel emissions from the extraction, transportation, and manufacturing of these wood products to be 32.5 MtCO2e year− 1. We found that composite logs, used to manufacture oriented strand board (OSB), were the most efficient log type for storing carbon, storing around 1.9 times as much carbon as saw logs per tonne of log over 120 years.
Conclusions
Results from our analysis suggest that adjusting rotation length based on individual site productivity, as well as extending the storage of carbon in key products, such as corrugated boxes, through longer lifespans, higher recycling rates, and less landfill decomposition could result in significant carbon gains. Our results also highlight the benefits of high site productivity to store more carbon in both in situ and ex situ pools and suggest that shorter rotations could be used to optimize carbon storage on sites when productivity is high.
Method Development and Validation for the Analysis of Coumarin-based Phototoxins in Citrus-derived Essential Oils Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Siheng , Kelly Colleen , Knob Radim , McConnell Kent , Barrett Justin
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of coumarin-based photoactive compounds in essential oil has been a concern due to the adverse health effects it has on human health. A fit-for-purpose analytical method for major coumarin-based phototoxins is critical to guarantee the essential oils product safety and compliance with the regulatory requirements. Herein, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analytical method was developed to identify and quantify 25 coumarin derivatives in essential oils. The sample preparation procedure was optimized for essential oils to use selective solvent extraction to remove the limonene matrix interference. To achieve the optimal sensitivity and specificity, UHPLC column of biphenyl stationary phase was used for this analysis. An inter-laboratory validation study was conducted to evaluate the method performance. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for all target analytes were validated at 5 µg/g. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for the majority of analytes in the range of 80-115%. Both the repeatability RSDr (within-laboratory) and reproducibility RSDR (between-laboratory) <10%. This method was demonstrated as applicable for the quality control testing of coumarin-based phototoxins in essential oils.
National consumption of antimicrobials intended for use in animal livestock health: A longitudinal ecological analysis of antimicrobial imports to Uganda from 2018 to 2020.
Authors: Kitutu Freddy Eric , Namugambe Juliet Sanyu , Senkusu John , Nalubwama Juliet , Ssenkeera Ben , Kateregga John , Aineplan Noel , Kesi Diana Nakitto , Ndagije Hellen Byomire , Kasakya Eric , Mugisha Lawrence
Published: September 2023

Background: Antimicrobial use in animals is one of the major drivers of the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can spread from animals to humans and vice versa. Monitoring antimicrobial consumption and use (AMCU) in the veterinary sector is important to identify areas of overuse and misuse and to design targeted interventions to reduce the need for and unintentional exposure. This study aimed to quantify and characterize by pharmacological class the antimicrobials intended for use in animals in different livestock production systems imported annually in Uganda.
Methods: We abstracted data from the Uganda National Drug Authority database on all imported products intended for veterinary use from 2018 to 2020. We analysed the quantities of the active pharmaceutical ingredient using the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) methodology and reported the consumption in kilograms and tonnes.
Results: In total, 685.9 tonnes of antimicrobials for veterinary use were imported into Uganda from 2018 to 2020. Antibacterials accounted for 82% and antiprotozoals accounted for 18% of the total quantities over the three years. Oxytetracycline was the top most consumed antibacterial. The top five pharmacological classes were tetracyclines (225 tons, 44.8%), aminogylcosides + penicillin combination (153 tons, 29.7%), sulfonamides and trimethoprim (61.4 tons, 12.4%), macrolides (188 tons, 3.9%) and fluoroquinolones (167.6 tons, 3.5%). Ninety-seven percent of the antibacterials were from the WHO Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobials, 57.1% were from the WHO Highly Important Antimicrobials group, 32.1% were from the Critically Important Antimicrobials group and 10.7% were from the Highest Priority group. The European Medicines Agency AMEG analysis revealed that 57.1% were from the lowest risk (D) category, 36.5% were from the intermediate risk (C) category and 6.5% were from the restricted use (B) category.
Conclusion: This study provides baseline data on the national-level consumption of antimicrobials used in animal health in different livestock production systems in Uganda for future reference. Annual quantification and analysis of veterinary AMCU should continue to inform monitoring distribution and use in the framework of the One Health approach. Antimicrobial stewardship activities in the animal health sector should focus on restricting and ensuring appropriate use of CIA classes of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and polymixins to prevent dire consequences of crossover resistant organisms from animals to humans.
Utilizes microsatellite instability characteristics for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity of melanoma patients
Authors: Yue Chao , Lian Wenqin , Duan Mengying , Xia Die , Cao Xianbin , Peng Jianzhong
Published: September 2023

Great progress has been made for Immunotherapy in various tumor diseases due to microsatellite instability (MSI), but research on MSI melanoma is still limited and its potential mechanism still unclear. In this research, we developed a framework derived from MSI melanoma features to forecast the prognosis of melanoma patients and their susceptibility to immunotherapy. At first, we downloaded gene expression data, protein data, somatic mutation data, and copy number variation data from a cancer genome map (TCGA) for patients with melanoma. Chip data and single cell data were also downloaded from Gene Expression Profiling (GEO). And then, based on the 18 differential genes (DEGs) selected from the differential genes in TCGA, GSE62254, and GSE122401, we can divide the patients into three categories. These three clusters have obvious pathway enrichment characteristics. The main enrichment pathways in Cluster A were mismatch repair-related pathways, while the main enrichment pathways in Cluster C were tumor-related pathways and angiogenesis. In addition, Cluster A and Cluster B exhibited a broader tumor mutation burden than Cluster C, suggesting that Cluster A might be more sensitive to immunotherapy. We also found that group A had a significantly better survival rate than group C. These significantly different results confirm the reliability of the classification. Subsequently, by applying the minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression method, we developed a two-gene marker prediction model. Low-risk scoring, characterized by increased mutation burden and immune activation, but low survival with matrix activation and cancer-related pathways observed in the high-risk scoring group. Patients with low risk scores diagnosed in the immunotherapy cohort showed significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits. In a word, we constructed a new model for predicting the prognosis of patients with melanoma and their response to immunotherapy. Thus guide the choice of treatment methods and the identification of novel biomarkers for melanoma.