bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online newspaper repositories and Norwegian-Russian media frames of Svalbard
Authors: Vaagan Robert W.
Published: July 2013

Online newspaper repositories of two leading Norwegian and Russian daily newspapers (Aftenposten and Rossiyskaya gazeta) offer different media frames of the Arctic group of islands known as Svalbard. The article first outlines the historical and geopolitical background. Then it presents findings from a content analysis of the two dailies. Findings confirm that Norway and Russia since the 1920s until recently have nurtured contending media frames of the archipelago which reflect different historical and geopolitical perceptions. Although Norway and Russia enjoy good bilateral relations, some tension lingers on regarding Svalbard. This might play a role as the Arctic littoral states try to harmonize their interests regarding continental shelves and circumpolar seaways under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
Dead media: Obsolescence and redundancy in media history
Authors: Brabazon Tara
Published: July 2013

Adjectives attend the new: fresh, clean, exciting, dynamic, innovative and productive. Oppositional binaries cling to the old: tired, worn, redundant, sick, slow and useless. While anti-discrimination policies can address these connotations when applied to people, the consequences of such ideologies on ‘old media’ are under-researched. While media and cultural studies departments teach ‘New Media’ courses, ‘Old Media’ courses remain invisible and unpopular. This article extends these adjectives and narratives by following a challenge Bruce Sterling posed to researchers: to understand ‘Dead Media.’ I explore the origins of this term and how and why an interest in Dead Media has – in itself – died.
Chat program censorship and surveillance in China: Tracking TOM-Skype and Sina UC
Authors: Crandall Jedidiah R. , Crete-Nishihata Masashi , Knockel Jeffrey , McKune Sarah , Senft Adam , Tseng Diana , Wiseman Greg
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we present an analysis of over one year and a half of data from tracking the censorship and surveillance keyword lists of two instant messaging programs used in China. Through reverse engineering of TOM-Skype and Sina UC, we were able to obtain the URLs and encryption keys for various versions of these two programs and have been downloading the keyword blacklists daily. This paper examines the social and political contexts behind the contents of these lists, and analyzes those times when the list has been updated, including correlations with current events.
Embedding Enterprise: A Business School Undergraduate Course with an Enterprise Focus
Authors: Jones Paul , Jones Amanda , Skinner Heather , Packham Gary
Published: July 2013

This study profiles, through a case study of an undergraduate business programme, how a business school has embedded the theme of enterprise in its core undergraduate programme. Key participants in the development of the strategy and programme tutors and students were interviewed, to provide information for an analysis of the principle objectives and the impact of the course. The findings confirm the need to adopt a top-down strategy to identify underpinning themes that support all programme activities: the programme curriculum should focus on key themes and use innovative assessment and teaching and learning strategies, as well as added-value activities that enhance its effectiveness. The authors offer recommendations for best practice, including specific modules of study, use of guest speakers, added-value activities for developing student skills and innovative assessment strategies. It is argued that the paper will help university policy makers to construct valid programmes in which themes of enterprise and self-employment are integrated in order to enhance experiential and added-value activities.
Industry Perceptions of Industry–University Partnerships Related to Doctoral Education in South Africa
Authors: Herman Chaya
Published: July 2013

An assessment of the extent to which industry–university partnerships in doctoral education, which have become increasingly prevalent in the knowledge economy, have begun to penetrate the South African higher education milieu, is reported. The factors that motivate large industries in developing countries such as South Africa to invest in doctoral education are explored and the nature of these relationships is examined. The data indicate the ambivalent attitude of those in industry to doctoral education in South Africa: knowledge at PhD level is regarded variously as ‘desirable’, ‘a luxury’ or ‘superfluous’, with industry in general preferring lower-grade skills. It is suggested that the low level of interest in doctoral education may relate, among other factors, to the ‘brain drain’ of graduates as well as to the overall commitment to R&D in the country, which is low in relation to global benchmarks, forcing industry to conduct research and innovation further afield.
The Use of Case Study Competitions to Prepare Students for the World of Work
Authors: Burke Monica Galloway , Carter Joelle Davis , Hughey Aaron W.
Published: July 2013

As we continue into the new millennium, it is imperative that educational institutions equip graduates with the knowledge and skills that are increasingly needed and valued by business and industry. In this article, the authors argue that the case study approach and, specifically, case study competitions constitute an ideal pedagogical strategy for achieving this objective in an effective and efficient manner, with resulting benefits for both students and employers.
Headache in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tabby David , Majeed Muhammad Hassan , Youngman Branden , Wilcox Jessica
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the variables affecting headache occurrence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Seventy-two MS patients with comorbid headaches completed a 28-item questionnaire. This evaluation assessed each patient's demographics, headache description and modifying factors, social history, and impact on quality of life. Our patients reported a wide spectrum of headache presentations, characteristics, and resulting disability. We discuss the patterns in our data in the context of current hypotheses regarding headache and MS causality. In our patients, migraines with aura strongly correlated with MS exacerbations, suggesting that they might be useful as a marker for flare-up onset. Patients' pain descriptions varied based on their headache frequency, history, and relationship to MS progression. Due to the severity of headache in MS patients and resulting impact on their activities of daily living, a thorough analysis of headache presentation is warranted in such patients.
Cellulose‐Based Diagnostic Devices for Diagnosing Serotype‐2 Dengue Fever in Human Serum
Authors: Wang Hsi‐Kai , Tsai Cheng‐Han , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Tang Chung‐Tao , Leou Jiun‐Shyang , Li Pi‐Chun , Tang Yin‐Liang , Hsieh Hsyue‐Jen , Wu Han‐Chung , Cheng Chao‐Min
Published: July 2013

Here, two types of cellulose‐based in vitro diagnostic devices are demonstrated for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection in both buffer system and human serum: 1) paper‐based ELISA for providing the semiquantitative information of the disease activity of serotype‐2 dengue fever to healthcare persons (i.e., monitoring the disease activity with a specific serotype in single patients); 2) lateral flow immunoassays to screen for infection with serotype‐2 dengue fever (i.e., rapid YES or NO diagnosis prepared for large populations, in terms of global public health). Paper‐based ELISA (specific to serotype‐2 dengue fever), which builds off of our previous studies and a revised previous ELISA procedure, owns multiple advantages: 1) high sensitivity (about 40 times higher than the current ELISA‐based approaches, due to our therapeutic‐based monoclonal antibody) and specificity (specific to dengue virus serotype‐2 nonstructural protein‐1 antigens); 2) tiny amount of sample and reagent used for single tests; 3) short operating duration (i.e., rapid diagnostic device); and, 4) inexpensiveness (appropriate for use in all developing and underdeveloped nations of the world). Due to the higher sensitivity and shorter operating duration of paper‐based ELISA (compared with conventional ELISA, and lateral flow immunoassays also performed in this study), this study has not only been able to perform the diagnosis of dengue virus serotype‐2 nonstructural protein‐1 antigens in both buffer system and human serum but also to evaluate dengue virus serotype‐2 envelope proteins in the buffer system, thus successfully achieving the first such use of these proteins as the target antigen for the development of diagnostic tools. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding for the genesis of dengue fever diagnostic tools (through antibody‐antigen recognition).
Photodegradation in Encapsulated Silole‐Based Polymer: PCBM Solar Cells Investigated using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy and Charge Extraction Measurements
Authors: Clarke Tracey M. , Lungenschmied Christoph , Peet Jeff , Drolet Nicolas , Sunahara Kenji , Furube Akihiro , Mozer Attila J.
Published: July 2013

Light induced degradation has been observed in the performance of organic solar cells in the absence of oxygen and a detailed analysis of the effect of this photodegradation on optical and electrical features has been accomplished. This photodegradation study has been performed on encapsulated photovoltaic blend devices comprised of the silole‐based donor–acceptor polymer KP115 blended with [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Photodegradation induces an almost 20% decrease in power conversion efficiency, primarily as a result of a reduction in short circuit current, JSC. The initial burn‐in phase of the photodegradation has been examined using a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and charge extraction measurements, including photo‐CELIV (charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage) and time‐resolved charge extraction using a nanosecond switch. These measurements reveal a bimodal KP115 polaron population, comprised of both delocalised and localised/trapped charge carriers. The photodegradation results are consistent with an alteration of this bimodal KP115 polaron population, with the polarons becoming trapped in a broader, deeper density of localised states. Under laser illumination and at open circuit conditions, this enhanced trapping after light soaking inhibits charges from undergoing bimolecular recombination, leading to higher extracted charge densities at long times. At the lower charge densities operating at short circuit conditions and under continuous white light illumination, where bimolecular recombination is much less significant, the JSC decreases after light soaking due to a reduction in the efficiency of trapped charge carrier extraction.
Fabrication of homochiral metal‐organic framework membrane for enantioseparation of racemic diols
Authors: Huang Kang , Dong Xueliang , Ren Rufei , Jin Wanqin
Published: July 2013

Chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) used to discriminate chiral enantiomers are of great practical significance. In this study, a novel homochiral [Ni2(L‐asp)2(bipy)] membrane was fabricated on a porous ceramic support and used for enantioselective separation of racemic diols. High‐energy ball milling was applied to decrease the size of MOF crystals to achieve homogeneous seed suspensions. A high‐quality homochiral membrane was obtained after optimizing the preparation process. Under the concentration‐driven permeation process, racemic 2‐methyl‐2,4‐pentanediol (MPD) was readily separated by the as‐prepared membrane. At 30°C, an enantiomeric excess value of 35.5 ± 2.5% was obtained at a feed concentration of 1.0 mmol L−1. The chiral separation of racemic MPD via the membrane followed a preferential sorption mechanism. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4364–4372, 2013
Demographic variability and density‐dependent dynamics of a free‐ranging rhesus macaque population
Authors: Hernández‐Pacheco Raisa , Rawlins Richard G. , Kessler Matthew J. , Williams Lawrence E. , Ruiz‐Maldonado Tagrid M. , González‐Martínez Janis , Ruiz‐Lambides Angelina V. , Sabat Alberto M.
Published: July 2013

Density‐dependence is hypothesized as the major mechanism of population regulation. However, the lack of long‐term demographic data has hampered the use of density‐dependent models in nonhuman primates. In this study, we make use of the long‐term demographic data from Cayo Santiago's rhesus macaques to parameterize and analyze both a density‐independent and a density‐dependent population matrix model, and compare their projections with the observed population changes. We also employ a retrospective analysis to determine how variance in vital rates, and covariance among them, contributed to the observed variation in long‐term fitness across different levels of population density. The population exhibited negative density‐dependence in fertility and the model incorporating this relationship accounted for 98% of the observed population dynamics. Variation in survival and fertility of sexually active individuals contributed the most to the variation in long‐term fitness, while vital rates displaying high temporal variability exhibited lower sensitivities. Our findings are novel in describing density‐dependent dynamics in a provisioned primate population, and in suggesting that selection is acting to lower the variance in the population growth rate by minimizing the variation in adult survival at high density. Because density‐dependent mechanisms may become stronger in wild primate populations due to increasing habitat loss and food scarcity, our study demonstrates that it is important to incorporate variation in population size, as well as demographic variability into population viability analyses for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the growth of primate populations. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1152–1164, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Solution Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Monolithic Tin(II) Sulfide Nanobelt Arrays
Authors: Zhang Xing , Yang Long , Jiang Yan , Yu Bin‐Bin , Zou Yu‐Gang , Fang Ying , Hu Jin‐Song , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: July 2013

The tremendous future energy demand and environmental concerns prompt the lasting search for new materials for low‐cost and high‐efficiency solar cells. SnS, as a low‐cost, earth‐abundant, and environmentally friendly material with proper band gap and absorption coefficient, has received attention as a potential candidate for solar absorber, but it is still under‐developed due to insufficient conversion efficiency. Fabricating SnS nanostructured films for solar cell design could be effective to boost photovoltaic performance and pave the way for applications in photovoltaics. Herein, a facile surfactant‐free solution‐based approach has been developed to prepare monolithic SnS nanostructured films directly on tin foil substrate. The morphologies of nanostructured films could be tuned from well‐defined orthorhombic SnS nanobelt arrays to nanorods, nanosheets, or nanoflakes by simply changing the ratio of used solvents. The photoelectric response and electronic transportation properties of SnS nanobelts were investigated by fabricating single‐nanobelt‐based nanodevices. The SnS nanobelt exhibited a fast and reliable photoresponse even at illumination intensity as weak as 0.103 mW cm−2. The measurements on SnS FET devices also indicated that the synthesized SnS nanobelts demonstrated a hole mobility as high as 12.33 cm2 V−1 s−1. These results reveal that the reported approach for preparing monolithic SnS nanostructured films could be useful to further develop SnS as an alternative material for low‐cost solar cells and electronic devices.
Quantized H∞ Control for Networked Systems with Communication Constraints
Authors: Yan Huaicheng , Shi Hongbo , Zhang Hao , Yang Fuwen
Published: July 2013

The problem of quantized H∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to time‐varying delay and multiple packet dropouts is investigated in this paper. Both the control input and the measurement output signals are quantized before being transmitted and the quantized errors are described as sector bound uncertainties. The measurement channel and the control channel packet dropouts are considered simultaneously, and the stochastic variables satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution are utilized to model the random multiple packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an observer‐based controller are established to ensure the exponential mean‐square stablility of the closed‐loop system and achieve the optimal H∞ disturbance attenuation level. By using a globally convergent algorithm involving convex optimization, the nonconvex feasibility can be solved successfully. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Extreme Outcomes Sway Risky Decisions from Experience
Authors: Ludvig Elliot A. , Madan Christopher R. , Spetch Marcia L.
Published: July 2013

Whether buying stocks or playing the slots, people making real‐world risky decisions often rely on their experiences with the risks and rewards. These decisions, however, do not occur in isolation but are embedded in a rich context of other decisions, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we systematically evaluate how the local context of other rewarding outcomes alters risk preferences. Through a series of four experiments on decisions from experience, we provide evidence for an extreme‐outcome rule, whereby people overweight the most extreme outcomes (highest and lowest) in a given context. As a result, people should be more risk seeking for gains than losses, even with equally likely outcomes. Across the experiments, the decision context was varied so that the same outcomes served as the high extreme, low extreme, or neither. As predicted, people were more risk seeking for relative gains, but only when the risky option potentially led to the high‐extreme outcome. Similarly, people were more risk averse for relative losses, but only when the risky option potentially led to the low‐extreme outcome. We conclude that in risky decisions from experience, the biggest wins and the biggest losses seem to matter more than they should. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Asymmetric Partial Feedback on Response‐Bias
Authors: Smillie Luke D. , Quek Boon‐Kiat , Dalgleish Len I.
Published: July 2013

For many decisions we make, we are more likely to receive feedback about some outcomes than about others, and thus we must operate under conditions of asymmetric partial feedback. In this paper, we examine the effects of asymmetric partial feedback on decision making across three experiments. Experiment 1 examines the effects of four partial feedback schedules on decision making in a single‐attribute auditory detection task. Experiment 2 examines these same schedules in the context of a simulated experiment in which virtual participants perform a multi‐attribute choice task. Experiment 3 then examines effects of one partial feedback schedule representative of a real‐world decision‐making domain (personnel selection) using an ecologically informed multi‐attribute choice task. All three experiments reveal that asymmetric partial feedback primarily impacts on response‐bias, a parameter of signal detection theory. These findings can be explained in terms of decision makers' attempts to maximize accuracy and the fact that shifts in response‐bias will, under partial feedback, produce misleading impressions of greater accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer‐based stimuli‐responsive nanosystems for biomedical applications
Authors: Joglekar Madhura , Trewyn Brian G.
Published: July 2013

The application of organic polymers and inorganic/organic hybrid systems in numerous fields of biotechnology has seen a considerable growth in recent years. Typically, organic polymers with diverse structures, compositional variations and differing molecular weights have been utilized to assemble polymeric nanosystems such as polymeric micelles, polymersomes, and nanohydrogels with unique features and structural properties. The architecture of these polymeric nanosystems involves the use of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymeric blocks, making them suitable as vehicles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recently, “smart” or “intelligent” polymers have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field wherein careful introduction of specific polymeric modalities changes a banal polymeric nanosystem to an advanced stimuli‐responsive nanosystem capable of performing extraordinary functions in response to an internal or external trigger such as pH, temperature, redox, enzymes, light, magnetic, or ultrasound. Further, incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silica, or iron oxide with surface‐bound stimuli‐responsive polymers offers additional advantages and multifunctionality in the field of nanomedicine. This review covers the physical properties and applications of both organic and organic/inorganic hybrid nanosystems with specific recent breakthroughs in drug delivery, imaging, tissue engineering, and separations and provides a brief discussion on the future direction.
The influence of electrospun scaffold topography on endothelial cell morphology, alignment, and adhesion in response to fluid flow
Authors: Whited Bryce M. , Rylander Marissa Nichole
Published: July 2013

Bioengineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to autografts for replacing diseased or damaged arteries, but necessitate scaffold designs capable of supporting a confluent endothelium that resists endothelial cell (EC) detachment under fluid flow. To this end, we investigated whether tuning electrospun topography (i.e., fiber diameter and orientation) could impact EC morphology, alignment, and structural protein organization with the goal of forming a confluent and well‐adhered endothelium under fluid flow. To test this, a composite polymer blend of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and type I collagen was electrospun to form scaffolds with controlled fiber diameters ranging from approximately 100–1,200 nm and with varying degrees of fiber alignment. ECs were seeded onto scaffolds, and cell morphology and degree of alignment were quantified using image analysis of fluorescently stained cells. Our results show that ECs form confluent monolayers on electrospun scaffolds, with cell alignment systematically increasing with a larger degree of fiber orientation. Additionally, cells on aligned electrospun scaffolds display thick F‐actin bundles parallel to the direction of fiber alignment and strong VE‐cadherin expression at cell–cell junctions. Under fluid flow, ECs on highly aligned scaffolds had greater resistance to detachment compared to cells cultured on randomly oriented and semi‐aligned scaffolds. These results indicate that scaffolds with aligned topographies may be useful in forming a confluent endothelium with enhanced EC adhesion for vascular tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 184–195. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined solid‐phase microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultroviolet detection for simultaneous analysis of clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine in pig samples
Authors: Du Wei , Zhang Siruo , Fu Qiang , Zhao Gang , Chang Chun
Published: July 2013

A simple and sensitive method based on the combination of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultroviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine in pig samples. Parameters of the SPME procedure affecting extraction efficiency, such as the type of fiber, extraction time, extraction temperature, ion strength, pH of sample and stirring rate, were optimized. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The calibration curves were linear over a range of 0.5–50 µg/L for clenbuterol and ractopamine, and 0.2–20 µg/L for salbutamol. The limits of detection were 0.1 µg/L for clenbuterol, 0.05 µg/L for salbutamol and 0.1μg/L for ractopamine, respectively. The averages of intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy ranged from 79.8 to 92.4%. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision were below 9.6% for the three analytes. This method exhibited the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and low solvent consumption, and was suitable for the monitoring of β2‐agonists residue in pig samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of extracellular matrix proteins in chondrocyte‐derived matrices on chondrocyte functions
Authors: Hoshiba Takashi , Lu Hongxu , Kawazoe Naoki , Yamada Tomoe , Chen Guoping
Published: July 2013

Loss of cartilaginous phenotype during in vitro expansion culture of chondrocytes is a major barrier to the application of chondrocytes for tissue engineering. In previous study, we showed that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during the passage culture was delayed by matrices formed by primary chondrocytes (P0‐ECM). In this study, we investigated bovine chondrocyte functions when being cultured on isolated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein‐coated substrata and P0‐ECM. Low chondrocyte attachment was observed on aggrecan‐coated substratum and P0‐ECM. Cell proliferation on aggrecan‐ and type II collagen/aggrecan‐coated substrata and P0‐ECM was lower than that on the other ECM protein (type I collagen and type II collagen)‐coated substrata. When chondrocytes were subcultured on aggrecan‐coated substratum, decline of cartilaginous gene expression was delayed, which was similar to the cells subcultured on P0‐ECM. These results indicate that aggrecan plays an important role in the regulation of chondrocyte functions and P0‐ECM may be a good experimental control for investigating the role of each ECM protein in cartilage ECM. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1331–1336, 2013
Synthesis and Onwards Coordination of an AsI Centered Zwitterion
Authors: Dube Jonathan W. , Ragogna Paul J.
Published: July 2013

The bis(phosphino)borate ligand class is used as an anionic anchor to stabilize reactive, low coordinate arsenic centers. The neutral, zwitterionic AsI species, 2, is formed very cleanly, and isolated in good yields using cyclohexene as a halogen scavenger. The uniqueness of this heterocyclic AsI compound is on display with the coordination to Group 6 metal centers, (2 M(CO)5; M=Cr, Mo, W). The arsenicmetal bond lengths are longer than the related AsPh3 complexes suggesting that compound 2 is a weak sigma donor. The metal complexes reveal a trigonal pyramidal arsenic atom, which provides the first experimental evidence for the presence of two “lone pairs” of electrons on the AsI center. When more flexible and more electron‐donating isopropyl substituents were used, an intermediate (compound 5) in the formation of low coordinate pnictogen compounds was crystallographically characterized. This structure, formally a base‐stabilized dichloroarsenium cation, provides an alternative mechanistic proposal to the one described in the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr4Fe6O12: Low‐Temperature Fe2+—Fe3+ Charge Order within Pairs of Edge‐Linked Tetrahedra.
Authors: Lue Min Feng , Waerenborgh Joao C. , Greaves Colin
Published: July 2013

The title compound is synthesized by reduction of Sr4Fe6O13.+‐.δ with excess CaH2 (evacuated pyrex tube, 493 K, 7 d) and characterized by X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: The “Quiet Goldschmidt” — A Mechanochemical, Thermoanalytical, and Spectroscopic Study of Selected Steps of the Aluminothermic Reaction.
Authors: Stoesser R. , Feist M. , Willgeroth C. , Emmerling F. , Menzel M. , Reuther H.
Published: July 2013

The aluminothermic reaction 2Al + α‐Fe2O3 (Goldschmidt reaction) is investigated by powder XRD, ESR and Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and thermal analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(PyTACN)‐Catalyzed cis‐Dihydroxylation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Prat Irene , Font David , Company Anna , Junge Kathrin , Ribas Xavi , Beller Matthias , Costas Miquel
Published: July 2013

The active, rapid, and selective title reaction gives syn‐diols simply by using H2O2 as green oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Tsuji—Trost Allylation of CH Acids in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Advantages and Problems.
Authors: Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Kuchurov Ilya V. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: July 2013

The allylation of some C‐H acidic compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Elegant Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Cyclopentanes.
Authors: Saadi Fatma , Arfaoui Aicha , Amri Hassen
Published: July 2013

Highly functionalized cyclopentane skeletons (V) are efficiently obtained by an effective aza‐Michael coupling of primary amines to the modified Baylis—Hillman derivative (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Domino Reaction of Cyanosulfones: Access to Complex Cyclohexane Systems with Quaternary Carbon Centers.
Authors: Rajkumar Sundaram , Shankland Kenneth , Goodman Jonathan M. , Cobb Alexander J. A.
Published: July 2013

Bifunctional thiourea catalysts are able to control the asymmetric reactivity of nitro‐ and sulfone substituted compounds to generate highly enantioenriched cyclohexane derivatives with up to four contiguous stereocenters, one of which is quaternary in nature.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Reduction of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Graphene‐Based Magnetic Nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Yan , Feng Cheng , Shang Ning‐Zhao , Gao Shu‐Tao , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi
Published: July 2013

using hydrazine as the reduction agent
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Azobenzenes Through Oxidative Dimerization of Aromatic Amines Using tert‐Butyl Hypoiodite.
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Okumura Sota , Minakata Satoshi
Published: July 2013

A convenient method with an excess of tBuOCl and NaI is developed to give various symmetrical azobenzenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Control of Regioselectivity and Enantioselectivity in the Hydroxycarbonylation and Methoxycarbonylation of Vinyl Arenes.
Authors: Konrad Tina M. , Durrani Jamie T. , Cobley Christopher J. , Clarke Matthew L.
Published: July 2013

A family of novel mononuclear and dinuclear Pd‐complexes of phanephos ligands, allows the highly regioselective formation of the corresponding branched isomers (III) and (VI) in the hydroxycarbonylation and methoxycarbonylation of styrene derivatives (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Imides via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Organostannanes with Methyl N‐[Methoxy(methylthio)methylene]carbamate.
Authors: Orimoto Kohei , Tomizawa Takuhei , Namera Yuki , Oyama Harufumi , Niwa Takashi , Nakada Masahisa
Published: July 2013

The palladium‐catalyzed coupling of aryl(tributyl)stannanes (II) with carbamate (I) in the presence of cuprous 2‐thiophenecarboxylate leads to imino ethers (III), which are subjected to acid hydrolysis to yield imides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Metal‐Free Synthesis of Organic Disulfides from Thiocyanates Using Poly‐Ionic Resin Hydroxide in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Sengupta Debasish , Basu Basudeb
Published: July 2013

A broad spectrum of symmetrical disulfides is easily available in the presence of Amberlyst A‐26 (OH) as the optimal base.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Simple Arenes with Iodonium Salts.
Authors: Storr Thomas E. , Greaney Michael F.
Published: July 2013

The coupling of unactivated arenes with diaryliodonium salts is essentially influenced by the use of the Herrmann‐Beller palladacycle as a precatalyst and stoichiometric trifluoroacetic acid to enhance the electrophilicity of the palladium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dialkylperhydrobenzimidazolinium Salts and Their Catalytic Properties in Heck Reactions.
Authors: Yigit Murat , Bayam Guelin , Yigit Beyhan , Oezdemir Ismail
Published: July 2013

Eight novel 1,3‐dibenzylperhydrobenzimidazolinium chlorides are prepared and tested as ligands in the Heck reaction of aryl bromides (II) with styrene.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of 3‐Alkynyloxireno[2,3‐b]chromenones to Form 3(2H)‐Furanones via a Domino Pathway.
Authors: Hu Feng , Yan Jianwei , Cheng Ming , Hu Youhong
Published: July 2013

An efficient gold‐catalyzed domino reaction producing functionalized furanones via a proposed sequence of cyclization, C‐C cleavage, nucleophilic addition, oxidation, and nucleophilic addition, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Desulfinylative Cross‐Coupling of Thiophene and Furan Sulfinates with Aryl Bromides in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Sevigny Stephane , Forgione Pat
Published: July 2013

Despite the use of excess of DMF the authors allege the development of an environmentally benign Pd‐catalyzed coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Domino Synthesis and Discovery of Highly Functionalized Dihydrobenzo[b]thiophenes as AChE Inhibitors.
Authors: Jeyachandran Veerappan , Kumar Raju Ranjith , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Choon Tan Soo
Published: July 2013

A library of novel dihydrobenzothiophenedicarbonitriles (IV) (30 examples) is synthesized via a one‐pot four component domino reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Carbonates with β‐Enamino Esters.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Sugimura Chiyuki
Published: July 2013

The method allows the synthesis of highly or fully substituted pyrroles, in most cases with complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Pyrroles from Propargylic Alcohols, Amines, and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates; Tandem Amination, Propargylation and Cycloisomerization Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Bhunia Nisith , Das Biswanath
Published: July 2013

The methodology offers a simple synthesis of a variety of fully substituted pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐indolylox‐indoles in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Shun‐Yi , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Jiang Ran , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: July 2013

An efficient MacMillan imidazolidinone‐catalyzed asymmetric α‐alkylation of aldehydes with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐indolyl‐2‐oxoindoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Tandem sp2—sp3 Coupling Reactions of Chiral Stannolanes: An Efficient Preparation of Optically Active Tetrahydrobenz[f]isoindoles.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , So Masahiro , Ishikawa Shingo , Uno Hidemitsu
Published: July 2013

Dihydrostannolanes (I), readily available by a radical cascade reaction, undergo a novel double Migita‐Kosugi‐Stille coupling reaction with dihalobenzenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Facial and Practical Synthesis of Benzimidazole‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Wang Han , Xia Yuyu , Lv Shang , Xu Jingli , Sun Zhihua
Published: July 2013

Optimized conditions allow the selective preparation of N,N′‐diarylphenylenediamines of type (III), which react with trimethyl orthoformate to produce the corresponding N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Triflate‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Acetylation of 3‐Phenylsydnone.
Authors: Balaguer Amanda , Selhorst Ryan , Turnbull Kenneth
Published: July 2013

Six metal triflates M(OTf)3 (M = La, Y, Sc, Hf, Gd, In) are tested as catalysts for the acetylation of 3‐phenylsydnone with acetic anhydride under various reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Cascade Assembling of Salicylic Aldehydes and Malononitrile: Rapid and Efficient Approach to 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene Scaffold.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Medvedev Michael G. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Zaimovskaya Tatiana A. , Nikishin Gennady I.
Published: July 2013

Grinding salicylic aldehydes (I) and malononitrile (II) with catalytic amounts of KF affords 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes (III) in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroformate Free, Scalable Approach for the Synthesis of Organic Carbamates and Their Alkylation.
Authors: Shewalkar Mukesh P. , Rao Ramakrishna R. , Reddy Veerbhadra , Darandale Sunil N. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of carbamates of 2‐aminopyridine is described, avoiding the employment of hazardous chloroformate reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Effect of CF3CH2OH for the Halogen Induced Oxidative Rearrangement Reaction of Aminals Leading to 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolines.
Authors: Murai Kenichi , Shimura Masato , Nagao Ryu , Endo Daisuke , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: July 2013

A general method for promoting oxidative rearrangement reactions of aminals generating 3,4‐dihydroquinazolines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 77. Synthesis of [1]Benzothieno[3′,2′:2,3]oxepino[4,5‐d]pyrimidines and Evaluation of Their Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity.
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Nikaido Takashi , Hirota Takashi , Sasaki Kenji
Published: July 2013

A series of title compounds is prepared and tested for their antiplatelet aggregation activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Highly Substituted Functionalized Oxazines by FeCl3/SiO2 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Ghomi Javad Safaei , Zahedi Safura
Published: July 2013

The fast and novel synthesis of the title oxazines (VI) is reported by using a highly efficient, green, inexpensive, and recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐Acetylcholinesterase Properties of Novel β‐ and γ‐Substituted Alkoxy Organophosphonates.
Authors: Ahmed S. Kaleem , Belabassi Yamina , Sankaranarayanan Lakshmi , Chao Chih‐Kai , Gerdes John M. , Thompson Charles M.
Published: July 2013

A series of β‐ and γ‐substituted alkoxyphosphonates (VI) and related phosphonathionates (VII) are synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐acetylcholinesterase activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Oxa‐Michael Reaction and a Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization en Route to C‐Glycosides.
Authors: Redon Sebastien , Wierzbicki Michel , Prunet Joelle
Published: July 2013

Two short syntheses of benzyl C‐glycosides are developed employing oxa‐Michael cyclizations of precursors (IIIa,b) or gold‐catalyzed cyclization of alkyne (X) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiadipogenic Diarylheptanoids from Alnus hirsuta f. sibirica on 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Lee Mina , Song Ji Yeon , Chin Young‐Won , Sung Sang Hyun
Published: July 2013

isolation, structure and antiadipogenic activity of the new diarylheptanoid (I) along with seventeen known diarylheptanoids
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite‐Supported Palladium for Methane Oxidation — Structure‐Activity Relationships
Authors: Eyssler Arnim , Lu Ye , Matam Santhosh Kumar , Weidenkaff Anke , Ferri Davide
Published: July 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpene: A Versatile Molecule
Authors: Saha Supriyo , Kumar Sumit
Published: July 2013

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Peptoids and Related Compounds: Synthesis and Control of the Conformation
Authors: Szekely Thomas , Caumes Cecile , Roy Olivier , Faure Sophie , Taillefumier Claude
Published: July 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Does the Acid Ionization Constant Tell You? An Organic Chemistry Student Guide
Authors: Rossi Robert D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Open Source Drug Discovery with Bioclipse
Authors: Spjuth Ola , Carlsson Lars , Alvarsson Jonathan , Georgiev Valentin , Willighagen Egon , Eklund Martin
Published: July 2013

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Spectroscopy, Photophysics, and Tautomerism of Free‐Base Porphycenes and Other Porphyrin Isomers
Authors: Waluk Jacek
Published: July 2013

Review: 227 refs.
Asymmetric Allylation of α‐Ketoester‐Derived N‐Benzoylhydrazones Promoted by Chiral Sulfoxides/N‐Oxides Lewis Bases: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Substituted α‐Allyl‐α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Reyes‐Rangel Gloria , Bandala Yamir , García‐Flores Fred , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: July 2013

Chiral sulfoxides/N‐oxides (R)‐1 and (R,R)‐2 are effective chiral promoters in the enantioselective allylation of α‐keto ester N‐benzoylhydrazone derivatives 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g to generate the corresponding N‐benzoylhydrazine derivatives 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, with enantiomeric excesses as high as 98%. Representative hydrazine derivatives 4a, 4b were subsequently treated with SmI2, and the resulting amino esters 5a, 5b with LiOH to obtain quaternary α‐substituted α‐allyl α‐amino acids 6a, 6b, whose absolute configuration was assigned as (S), with fundament on chemical correlation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Chirality 25:529–540, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Asymmetry of (−)α‐Pinene as Revealed from its Raman Optical Activity Spectrum
Authors: Wang Peijie , Fang Yan , Wu Guozhen
Published: July 2013

An algorithm is employed to retrieve the differential bond polarizabilities of the C‐C bonds from the Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrum of (−)α‐pinene. (−)α‐pinene possesses two asymmetric centers (carbon atoms) and a local mirror symmetry. These differential bond polarizabilities show the characteristics of the asymmetry around the asymmetric carbons with respect to the mirror reflection. This analysis is accompanied along with the ROA mode signatures and the calculated β(G ')2 and β(A)2which show the ROA coupling mechanisms involving the electric/magnetic dipoles and the electric dipole/quadrupole, respectively. Chirality 25:600–605, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Species distribution modeling in the cloud
Authors: Candela Leonardo , Castelli Donatella , Coro Gianpaolo , Pagano Pasquale , Sinibaldi Fabio
Published: July 2013

Species distribution modeling is a process aiming at computationally predicting the distribution of species in geographic areas on the basis of environmental parameters including climate data. Such a quantitative approach has a lot of potentialities in many areas that include setting up conservation priorities, testing biogeographic hypotheses, and assessing the impact of accelerated land use. To further promote the diffusion of such an approach, it is fundamental to develop a flexible, comprehensive, and robust environment capable of enabling practitioners and communities of practice to produce species distribution models more efficiently. A promising way to build such an environment is offered by modern infrastructures promoting the sharing of resources, including hardware, software, data, and services. This paper describes an approach to species distribution modeling based on a Hybrid Data Infrastructure that can offer a rich array of data and data management services by leveraging other infrastructures (including Cloud). It discusses the whole set of services needed to support the phases of such a complex process including access to occurrence records and environmental parameters and the processing of such information to predict the probability of a species’ occurrence in given areas.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between DNA damage response, initiated by camptothecin or oxidative stress, and DNA replication, analyzed by quantitative 3D image analysis
Authors: Berniak K. , Rybak P. , Bernas T. , Zarębski M. , Biela E. , Zhao H. , Darzynkiewicz Z. , Dobrucki J. W.
Published: July 2013

A method of quantitative analysis of spatial (3D) relationship between discrete nuclear events detected by confocal microscopy is described and applied in analysis of a dependence between sites of DNA damage signaling (γH2AX foci) and DNA replication (EdU incorporation) in cells subjected to treatments with camptothecin (Cpt) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cpt induces γH2AX foci, likely reporting formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), almost exclusively at sites of DNA replication. This finding is consistent with the known mechanism of induction of DSBs by DNA topoisomerase I (topo1) inhibitors at the sites of collisions of the moving replication forks with topo1‐DNA “cleavable complexes” stabilized by Cpt. Whereas an increased level of H2AX histone phosphorylation is seen in S‐phase of cells subjected to H2O2, only a minor proportion of γH2AX foci coincide with DNA replication sites. Thus, the increased level of H2AX phosphorylation induced by H2O2 is not a direct consequence of formation of DNA lesions at the sites of moving DNA replication forks. These data suggest that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and formation of the primary H2O2‐induced lesions (8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanosine) inhibits replication globally and triggers formation of γH2AX at various distances from replication forks. Quantitative analysis of a frequency of DNA replication sites and γH2AX foci suggests also that stalling of replicating forks by Cpt leads to activation of new DNA replication origins. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Opposing effects on glutathione and reactive oxygen metabolites of sex, habitat, and spring date, but no effect of increased breeding density in great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Isaksson Caroline
Published: July 2013

Oxidative stress (i.e., more oxidants than antioxidants) has been proposed as a proximate currency in life‐history trade‐offs, which if studied in an ecological setting allow a more realistic perspective on the origin and evolution of trade‐offs. Therefore, the aim here was to investigate the impact of ecological and individual factors for variation in markers of oxidative stress using both experimental and correlational data. Total glutathione (tGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), plasma antioxidant capacity (OXY), and plasma‐reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were measured in more than 700 breeding great tits (Parus major). The main results revealed a pronounced sex difference, with females having lower ROM and OXY, but higher tGSH compared with males. In addition, birds breeding in the evergreen areas had higher tGSH compared with those in the deciduous habitat, but the experimentally manipulated breeding density had no significant effect on any of the redox markers. Independent of the sex differences, the larger the reproductive investment the lower the ROM of both males and females. Taken together, the extracellular markers – ROM and OXY – revealed similar results and were highly correlated. Interestingly, the direction of their effects was in the opposite direction to the endogenously synthesized tGSH and GSSG. This highlights the need to combine extracellular markers with endogenously synthesized antioxidants to understand its implications for the origin and evolution of trade‐offs in an ecological setting.