bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LITERATURE REVIEW: LOW SALT DIET IN PATIENT WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Zahidah Nisrina Nur
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTHypertension is still the most highest causes of death in Indonesia . Patient with hypertension not knowing that they have hypertension and in the end they have complications of hypertension, so it is often called the silent killer disease. Things that can be do so hypertension does not get worse is do a low salt diet. This study aims to determine the application of a low salt diet in patients with hypertension. The research method uses a traditional literature review, articles used by Portal Garuda and Google Scholar with a range of 2016-2020. The keywords used in the article search were low salt diet, hypertension. The results of the search for articles obtained on the Portal Garuda are 12 articles on Google Scholar are 4,030 articles, of which are only 15 articles that match the topic. Patients with hypertension mostly adhere to a low salt diet but there are still many who do not adhere to a low salt diet. Knowledge, attitude, family support and self awareness are factors that affects hypertension. The conclusion in this study, the application of a low-salt diet in hypertensive patients can be carried out well, hypertensive patients have knowledge, attitude and good family support for the implementation of a low salt diet and hypertensive patients who have the awareness to control their blood pressure. Suggestions for health workers can provide counseling regarding a low salt diet, for people with hypertension to apply a low salt diet properly so that blood pressure can be controlled.
0-7 YAŞ ARASI ÇOCUKLARDA MOBİL EKRAN MARUZİYETİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÖKÇE Aksanur
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Günümüz teknoloji çağında taşınabilir ve kolay erişilebilir aygıtların hayatımızdaki yeri her
geçen gün daha da artmaktadır. Teknoloji, yetişkinlerin olduğu kadar  çocukların hayatında da aktif rol almaktadır. Çalışmamızda
polikliniklerimize başvuran 0-7 yaş arası çocuklarda televizyon, tablet veya
cep telefonu gibi mobil ekranlara   maruziyet sürelerini tespit etmek amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışma, 15 Mayıs-15 Ağustos
2017 tarihleri arasında Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği
polikliniklerine başvuran 0-84 ay arası çocuğu olan 300  ebeveyn dahil edilerek yapıldı. Tarafımızca
hazırlanan, çocukların mobil ekran maruziyetini
değerlendirmeye yönelik 15 sorudan oluşan, çoktan seçmeli ve boşluk doldurmalı özgün
anket yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile ebeveynlere uygulandı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 22 (%7,3) çocukta
herhangi bir mobil ekran maruziyeti saptanmadı. 278 (% 92,7) çocuğun televizyon,
bilgisayar, tablet ve telefon gibi mobil ekranlı aletleri aktif olarak
kullandığı  görüldü. Çocuklardan 71’inin (%23,6)
kendine ait bir tableti vardı. Yaş büyüdükçe tablet ve telefon kullanma
oranlarının arttığı görüldü (p<0,001).

Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların günlük ortalama 2 saat mobil ekran
maruziyeti vardı. Yarısından fazlası mobil ekranı oyun için kullanırken; yemek sırasında
veya uyumadan önce ise televizyon izleme sürelerinin daha fazla olduğu görüldü.
Mobil ekran maruziyetinin bu denli fazla olması çocuk gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyerek
istenmeyen sonuçların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir.
Türkiye’de çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi: prospektif, kesitsel çalışma
Authors: KUTLU Ömer , BALTA İlknur
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Türkiye’de çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların epidemiyolojisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, Türk toplumundaki çocukluk çağı vitiligolu hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin prospektif olarak incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 18 yaş altı vitiligosu olan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik ve demografik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalığın aktifleşme durumu ve eşlik eden kızarıklık, kaşıntı, köbner fenomeni ile tutulum bölgeleri arasında istatistiksel inceleme yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki 78 çocuğun 45’i (%57,7) kız, 33’ü (%43,3) erkekti. Hastalığın ortalama görülme yaşı 7,91 ±4,95 yıldı. Hastaların median vücut tutulum yüzdesi 1 (minimum 1, maksimum 25) idi. Dermatolojiye başvurulduğundaki hastaların yaşı ile hastalık süresi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon saptandı (p=0,07, Korelasyon katsayısı=0,313). En sık görülen vitiligo tipi 31 (%39,7) hastada görülen fokal vitiligo iken bunu sırasıyla jeneralize (%37,8), segmental (%14,1) ve akrofasiyal vitiligo (%8,97) izledi. Segmental vitiligo en sık boyunda görülürken sonrasında sırasıyla boyun (%33,3), bacak (%25), kol (%25), yüz (%8,3) ve gövdede (%8,3) görüldü. Akrofasiyal vitiligo kızlarda erkeklere oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde fazla bulundu (p=0,017). Son iki ay içerisinde baş bölgesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede vitiligoda aktifleşme vardı (p=0,007). Köbner fenomeni vücut yüzey tutulum alanı >%1 olanlarda ≤%1 olanlara göre istatistiksel olarak daha sık saptandı (0,009).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmaya göre çocukluk çağı vitiligo en sık 10 yaş altında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hastalık genel olarak vücut yüzey alanının %1’inden azını tutmaktadır ve köbnerizasyon ile bu oran artma eğilimindedir. Fokal ve jeneralize vitiligo en sık görülen formlardır. Segmental vitiligo en sık boyun bölgesinde görülmektedir. Dermatolojiye başvuru sırasında baş bölgesindeki hastalık aktivitesi diğer bölgelere göre daha yüksektir.
Çölyak Hastalığında Fibromiyalji Sıklığı ve Fibromiyaljinin Hastalar Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YOZGAT Ahmet , CAN Güray , GÜRLER Müjgan , KAHVECİ Samet , YILDIRIM Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Çölyak hastalığı, glüten ilişkili bir enteropati olmakla birlikte malabsorbsiyona bağlı bütün vücudu etkileyebilen bir hastalıktır. Diğer yandan antijen maruziyeti sebebiyle süreğenleşmiş bir kronik inflamasyona da zemin hazırlamaktadır. Kronik inflamasyonun vücutta sistemik etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Çölyak hastalığının sistemik etkileri farklı mekanizmalar üzerinden fibromiyalji sendromunu (FMS) tetikliyor olabilir. Çalışmamızın amacı Çölyak hastalarında FMS prevalansını belirlemek ve FMS’nun Çölyak hastaları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Metod: Çalışmamıza, 01 Şubat-10 Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında Gastroenteroloji kliniğimize başvuran 24 Çölyak hastası (7 aktif, 17 Çölyak diyeti altında) ve 20 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. FMS tanısı için 2010 American Colloge of Rheumatology kriterleri kullanıldı. WSPI (yaygın ağrı indeksi), SSS (somatik semptom ağırlık skoru) ve toplamından FMS skoru hesaplandı. Bütün katılımcılara fibromiyalji etki anketi uygulandı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Çölyak hastaları ve kontrol grubunda FMS sıklığı birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı; Çölyak hastalarında %12,5, kontrol grubunda %5 (p:0,61). Kadın ve erkeklerdeki FMS sıklığı benzerdi. Gruplar arasında WSPI, SSS ve FMS skorları açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. FMS etki skalası skorları FMS olanlar ile olmayanlar karşılaştırıldığında kontrol grubunda anlamlı fark yoktu (23,9±18,8 ve 21,5±0; p:0,90). Çölyak hastalığı olanlarda, FMS etki skoru FMS olanlarda olmayanlara göre daha yüksek olmasına rağmen anlamlılık düzeyine ulaşmamıştır (51,9±25,5 ve 28,5±17,7; p:0,25).

Sonuç: Türk toplumunda Çölyak hastalarında FMS sıklığını gösteren ilk çalışmadır. FMS, normal popülasyona göre Çölyak hastalığında sıklığı artmamaktadır. Çölyak hastalığında aktivitenin FMS üzerine etkisi yoktur. FMS tanısı olan Çölyak hastalarında olmayanlara göre hayat kalitesi daha çok etkilenmektedir. Daha geniş bir popülasyonda yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Eğitim Sistemine Bakış Açılarının ve Verimliliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TOZCU Duygu , GÜLEN Şebnem
Published: August 2021

AMAÇ:

COVID-19 salgını sürecinde, virüsün yayılım hızını düşürmek ve sosyal izolasyon sağlamak amacıyla tıp eğitiminin uygulanışı ile ilgili esaslar da zorunlu bir değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu çalışmada Ufuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde yürütülen çevrimiçi eğitime bakış açılarının ve sürecin verimliliği hakkındaki görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma salgın sürecinde eğitimlerine çevrimiçi platformda devam eden ve yine çevrimiçi ortamdan gönderilen ankete erişim sağlayan 235 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirildi. Genel demografik bilgiler, çevrimiçi eğitim platformunu kullanım ve erişim bilgileri, öğrenim materyallerine erişim ve kullanım bilgileri, çevrimiçi derslere katılım bilgileri, çevrimiçi eğitimin öğrenme süreçlerine etkileri ve verimliliği, son olarak da yüz yüze eğitim varlığında çevrimiçi eğitimin yeri hakkındaki görüşleri değerlendirildi. Veriler 5’li Likert ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi ve IBM SPSS 20.0.0 paket programında değerlendirildi.

BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yalnızca %37,4’ ünün çevrimiçi eğitimi verimli buldukları belirlendi. Öğrenciler derslere motive olmakta zorlandıklarını (%61,2) ancak kolaylıkla uyum sağladıklarını (%51,1), dersleri ilgi çekici bulduklarını (%29,3), öğretim üyesini görmenin avantajlı olduğunu (%50,7) bildirdiler. Bununla birlikte çevrimiçi eğitimdeki görsel sunumların yüz yüze eğitime üstün olduğunu (%34,9), çevrimiçi eğtimin mekandan ve zamandan bağımsız olduğunu (%79,8) ve çevrimiçi eğitimin yüz yüze eğitimin bir parçası olmasını gerektiğini (%52,4) bildirdiler.

SONUÇ: Salgın sürecinde hızla yapılandırılan çevrimiçi eğitimin öğrenci perspektifinden değerlendirilmesi ve sürece yansımalarının dikkate alınması çevrimiçi eğitimin ve tıp eğitiminin geleceğiyle ilgili birtakım değişikliklere sürdürülebilir çözüm olabilir.
Evaluation of Safety and Factors Affecting Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Elderly
Authors: ALKIŞ Okan , KARTAL İbrahim , ARAS Bekir , SEVİM Mehmet , SÖNMEZ Oğuzhan Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the elderly.

Methods: The data of 238 patients who underwent PNL were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups (elderly: >65). Demographic data, stone characteristics, operation data, and complications were compared between the elderly and younger patients.

Results: Eighty-six (36.1%) elderly patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics, success, and complication rates (p>0.05). The overall stone-free rate was 86.0% in the elderly and 86.8% in young patients (p>0.05). In multivariable analysis; stone size (p=0.032, OR=0.202 and %95 CI=0.047-0.873) and number of stones (p=0.002, OR=0.067 and CI=0.012-0.377) were found to be associated with complications in elderly.

Conclusion: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy can be performed safely with high success in elderly patients. It should be kept in mind that the risk of complications for PNL is increased in geriatric patients with a high number of stones and burden.
Absenteeism and Presenteeism in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, and Psoriatic Arthritis: Relationship with Fatigue and Clinical Parameters
Authors: SUNAR İsmihan , GARİP Yeşim , ATAMAN Şebnem
Published: August 2021

Aim: Rheumatic diseases cause economic burden due to apparently costs along with indirect costs including productivity loss. This study aims to assess work productivity in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and determine its relation with fatigue, disease activity, depression, and quality of life.

Material and Method: This cross-sectional study included 42 SpA, 36 PsA, 34 RA patients, and 30 controls. The number of swollen and tender joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were recorded. Disease activity was determined by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index for SpA, Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis for PsA, and Disease Activity Score-28 for RA. The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, Short Form-36, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were performed. Pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale was administered for work productivity. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors affecting work productivity. Correlations were assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results: The rate of employment was 83.3% in SpA, 52.8% in PsA, 61.8% in RA, and 93.3% in controls. The percentage of absenteeism was higher in SpA and PsA. Percentage of presenteeism, percent total work impairment caused by health problems, and percent activity impairment due to health problems were higher in SpA, PsA, and RA patients than controls (p
Bonding through the mask
Authors: Saikia Priyam
Published: August 2021

The appearance of healthcare professionals and their interaction with patients has always been the scaffolding of the relationship between the caregiver and patient. The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged this with its need for masking and distancing. The duty bound frontline worker in the midst of the personal crisis brought about by this pandemic has undergone hitherto unknown experiences described here.
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) – an alternative, unarticulated narrative
Authors: Malhotra Samir
Published: August 2021

GCP has become the gold-standard for clinical research; initiated as a guideline pertaining to new drug development, it became a law in many countries, extending its scope to include all research. GCP is an excellent document that outlines the responsibilities of stakeholders involved in clinical research. Widely acclaimed, and deservedly so, it is considered as the “go-to” document whenever questions arise during the conduct of a clinical trial. This article presents another narrative, one that has not been articulated so far. Irrespective of whether we consider GCP as a law or a guideline, it is viewed as an “official” document, without the overt realisation that this was actually an initiative of the pharmaceutical industry, the “masters of mankind”. While the stress on documentation and monitoring in GCP was justified, its over-interpretation led to increased costs of clinical trials, with the result that smaller companies find it difficult to conduct the already expensive trials. GCP as an idea is now so entrenched within the scientific community that the real aims which led to its birth and that can be mined from the ICH website, like the need for market expansion, have remained largely unnoticed and undocumented, and are being expressed here.
Constraints on General Relativity Geodesics by a Covariant Geometric Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Escors David , Kochan Grazyna
Published: August 2021

The classical uncertainty principle inequalities were imposed as a mathematical constraint over the general relativity geodesic equation. In this way, the uncertainty principle was reformulated in terms of the proper space-time length element, Planck length and a geodesic-derived scalar, leading to a geometric expression for the uncertainty principle (GeUP). This re-formulation confirmed the necessity for a minimum length for the space-time line element in the geodesic, dependent on a geodesic-derived scalar which made the expression Lorentz-covariant. In agreement with quantum gravity theories, GeUP required the imposition of a perturbation over the background Minkowski metric unrelated to classical gravity. When applied to the Schwarzschild metric, a geodesic exclusion zone was found around the singularity where uncertainty in space-time diverged to infinity.
An Action Research on the Long-Term Implementation of an Engineering-centered PjBL of Sustainable Energy in a Rural Middle School
Authors: Chen Chin-Sung , Lin Jing-Wen
Published: August 2021

(1) Background: Due to the high proportion of disadvantaged students in a rural school in Taiwan and the gap between students’ concepts and practices of environmental protection and sustainable energy, four science and mathematics teachers in this school planned an engineering-centered PjBL of sustainable energy curriculum in a Makers Club to enhance students’ creativity, engineering skills, practices of environmental protection and sustainable energy, and learning attitudes; (2) Methods: This study is four-year action research. Teachers and students initiated the idea from rebuilding an old fan in a classroom; (3) Results: The students in the Makers Club improved their engineering skills and created various green-power generation devices (evolved from ventilation ball generator, hydropower, ocean current power generators to tiny, 3D-printing wind power generators). They turned environmental protection and sustainable energy concepts into actions during practices and won awards from science and engineering fairs every year. This creative and supportive atmosphere spread from the club to the whole school and improved the students’ practices of environmental protection and learning attitudes after long-term implementation; (4) Conclusions: The design principles of the engineering-centered PjBL of sustainable energy curriculum played a critical role and were outlined at the end of the study.
Innovations and Applications of Quantum Computing
Authors: Prakash Bhanu
Published: August 2021

Moore’s law will cease to be relevant once transistors are the size of electrons. Once this occurs, we will no longer be able to use silicon for technological advancement. However, breakthroughs will continue in the form of a sixth paradigm: a 3D molecular computing model such as quantum comput- ing. Some of the promising areas of quantum computing researched in this study are (i) algorithmic advancements - such as Shor’s, Grover’s, error correction, fault tolerance and other new algorithms; (ii) hardware - such as the quantum system architecture, circuit models, entanglement, superposition and no-cloning qubits; (iii) market segments - such as finance, healthcare, and chemistry; (iv) the supremacy established over classical computing; and (v) areas of applicability. Significant progress has been made in these areas in recent decades, and they have garnered immense interest, attention and the funding required to make good progress.
A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Graph Isomorphism and Automorphism
Authors: Haque Sardar Anisul
Published: August 2021

This paper describes a polynomial time algorithm for solving graph isomorphism and automorphism. We introduce a new tree data structure called Walk Length Tree. We show that such tree can be both constructed and compared with another in polynomial time. We prove that graph isomorphism and automorphism can be solved in polynomial time using Walk Length Trees.
The Health Life Quality Portrait of Kaili Da’a Women Couples Violence for the Victims of Tsunami, Earthquake, and Liquefaction through Family Economic Empowerment in Central Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Tengilimoglu Dilaver Diaz , Monsalve Sonia Diaz , Bohari Bohari , Jaya Andi Herman , Yunus Santi , Rahman Nurulhuda
Published: August 2021

Background: The tsunami and earthquake occurred in 1927 and 2018 made life quality of Da’a Tribe women in refugee camps was affected by violence. It affects on women reproductive health in various aspects of life as high maternal mortality rate of 450 per 100 thousand live births and half of women victims of natural disasters have reproductive health problems such as anemia and malnutrition during pregnancy. The study objective is to explore the health quality of women related to the couple violence during the humanitarian crisis at refugees’ camps. Method: The population was 798 cases of violence. The 90 samples were selected by simple random sampling and calculated by Slovin method. Data analysis was done by descriptive qualitative and cross tabulation. The research location was Palu City. Results: The research findings showed that health quality of Da’a Tribe women after the couple violence is influenced by three factors, namely economic by 40%, psychological by 7%, violence during pregnancy 59.3%. Conclusion: Social life and women violence handling can be done by symbolizing the threat of criminal law for male perpetrators in accordance with applicable laws in Indonesia and improving the life quality of population, especially women in education and skills through empowering the family economy and increasing gender equality justice.
Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Surface Roughness and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Titanium Ti-64 ELI after Heat Treatment
Authors: Lebea Lebogang , Ngwangwa Harry M , Desai Dawood , Nemavhola Fuluphelo
Published: August 2021

The initial stability after implantology is paramount to the survival of the dental implant and the surface roughness of the implant plays a vital role in this regard. The characterisation of surface topography is a complicated branch of metrology, with a huge range of parameters available. Each parameter contributes significantly towards the survival and mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of surface roughness of 3D-printed dental implants and 3D-printed dogbone tensile samples under areal height (Ra) parameters, amplitude parameters (average of ordinates), skewness (Rsk) parameters and mechanical properties. During the experiment, roughness values were analysed and the results showed that the skewness parameter demonstrated a minimum value of 0.596%. The 3D-printed dental implant recorded Ra with a 3.4 mm diameter at 43.23% and the 3D-printed dental implant with a 4.3 mm diameter at 26.18%. Samples with a complex geometry exhibited a higher roughness surface, which was the greatest difficulty of additive manufacturing when evaluating surface finish. The results show that when the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) decreases from 968.35 MPa to 955.25 MPa, Ra increases by 1.4% and when UTS increases to 961.18 MPa, Ra increases by 0.6%. When the cycle decreases from 262142 to 137433, Ra shows that less than a 90.74% increase in cycle is obtained. For 3D-printed dental implants, the higher the surface roughness, the lower the mechanical properties, ultimately leading to decreased implant life and poor performance.
Versatile Cell and Animal Models for Advanced Investigation of Lead Poisoning
Authors: Yang De-Ming , Chang Yu-Fen
Published: August 2021

The heavy metal lead (Pb) can irreversibly damage the human nervous system. To help understand Pb-induced damage, we have developed practical applications for genetically encoded Pb biosensors in cardiac cells and insect central nervous tissue. We applied the optimized fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Pb biosensor Met-lead 1.44 M1 to two living systems to monitor the concentration of Pb: induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as a semi-tissue platform, and Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies as an in vivo animal model. Different FRET imaging modalities were used to obtain FRET signals, which repre-sented the presence of Pb in the tested samples in different spatial dimensions. Pb was effectively sensed in two living models producing Met-led 1.44 M1. In iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, the relationship between beating rate determined from the fluctuation of fluorescent signals and the concentrations of Pb represented by the FRET emission ratio values of Met-lead 1.44 M1 demonstrated the potential of this fluorescence biosensor system for anti-Pb drug screening. In the Drosophila model, Pb was detected within the adult brain or larval central nervous system using fast epifluorescence and high-resolution two-photon 3D FRET ratio image sys-tems. The optimized Pb biosensor together with FRET microscopy can be used for specific applications to de-tect Pb with a limit of detection of 10 nM (2 ppb). We believe that this integrated Pb biosensor system can be applied to the prevention of Pb poisoning.
An Investigation on Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought Events under Different Climate Change Scenarios, Case Study: Rakai District
Authors: Wasswa Peter , Tanner Jane , Sabiiti Geoffrey , Ojara Moses , Okal Harriette , Kato Paul , Namulindwa Harriet
Published: August 2021

Drought occurrences in Rakai district take a strange model and it has been rampantly increasing causing reduced income levels for farmers, reduced farm yields, increased food insecurity and migration, wetland degradation, illness and loss of livestock. The purpose of this study was to investigate past and future characteristics of drought due to climate change in Rakai district. Datasets used include dynamically downscaled daily precipitation and temperature data from Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) at 0.44°×0.44° resolution over the Africa domain. R software (Climpact2 package), was used to generate SPI values, Mann Kendall trend test and Inverse Distance Weighting methods were used to examine temporal and spatial drought characteristics respectively. Results depicted more extreme and severe drought conditions for SPI12 under historical compared to SPI3,Kakuto, Kibanda and Lwanda sub counties were the most drought hot spot areas, positive trends of drought patterns for both time scales were observed, though only significant under SPI12. Projected results revealed extreme and severe drought conditions will be observed under RCP8.5 SPI12, and the least will be under RCP8.5 SPI3 and SPI12. Results further reveal that Kakuto, Kibanda, Kiziba, Kacheera, Kyalulangira, Ddwaniro and Lwanda sub counties will be the most drought hot spot sub counties across all time scales. Generally projected results reveals that the district will experience more drought conditions under RCP8.5 compared to RCP4.5 for time scale SPI12 and therefore urgent actions are needed.
Potential for Increased Rural Electrification Rate in Sub-Saharan Africa using SWER Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Irechukwu Michael E. , Mushi Aviti T.
Published: August 2021

Rural electrification rate (RER) in Africa is still low to date. Several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have tried to address this problem using conventional single-phase two-wire or three-phase three-wire systems, however at large costs due to the nature of dispersed rural load centers, low load demand, and low population density. Another solution of off-grid generation creates associated health problems. Therefore, this paper undertakes a review of a single wire earth return (SWER) network as a RER improvement solution. The paper undertakes intensive literature review to elucidate challenges and solutions to the implementation of SWER technology. Advantages of SWER technology discussed make it the choice for RER improvement in Sub-Saharan African countries. After that, a case study is selected in rural Tanzania, and a preliminary SWER network design is undertaken.
Barriers and Facilitators of eHealth Adoption among Patients in Uganda – A Quantitative Study
Authors: Namatovu Hasifah Kasujja , Semwanga Agnes Rwashana
Published: August 2021

The adoption of eHealth has not made great strides in Uganda especially among patients despite its potential in improving patient outcomes through access to care, patient engagement and its ability to reduce unnecessary hospital visits. Previous studies have focused on barriers and facilitators of eHealth in general. None has examined the adoption of eHealth among patients. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the barriers and facilitators of eHealth adoption among patients in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four districts across the country. A total of 292 patients of 18 years and above participated in the study and their selection was through simple random sampling. The bivariate analysis results revealed that education level (χ2 = 14.9, ρ<0.05), gender (χ2 = 4.95, ρ<0.05) and location (χ2 = 85.9, ρ<0.05) have a statistical significant relationship with eHealth adoption. The logistic regression model further revealed that male patients (OR=2.662), those with master’s degree and above (OR=2.2797) and those residing in Kampala (OR=.012) were more likely to use eHealth systems than their counterparts. The success of eHealth requires players in the health sector to ardently focus on the socio-demographic factors of the users, technological and hospital conditions if eHealth adoption is to ensue.
Critical Analysis of Corneal Cross-Linking (Part-II): Resolving the Controversial Issues (Theory Versus Measurements)
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: August 2021

To resolve the controversial issues of UV-light-initiatedcornealcollagen cross-linking (CXL) by theoretical formulas and measured clinical outcomes. The controversial issues are addressed and resolved by analytical formulas including: the validation of Bunsen Roscoe law (BRL), the cutoff light intensity, the minimum corneal thickness, the demarcation line depth, the role of oxygen riboflavin (RF) concentration. The overall CXL efficacy is governed by UV-A light intensity, dose, exposure time, mode of exposure (pulsed or CW), riboflavin concentration, diffusion and drops pre-operation and interoperation administration, concentration of oxygen in the stromal tissue (pre-op and inter-op), and environmental conditions. The length of the riboflavin presoaking time and viscosity of the riboflavin film also affect the crosslink depth. Analytic formulas are derived for the scaling laws for type-I and type-II efficacy, given by the square-root of light intensity, and light dose, respectively. The controversial issues of CXL may be partially resolved via analytic formulas, and compared with measurements. The scaling laws of type-I and type-II efficacy are different and given by analytic formulas. Our formulas also predict the maximum light intensity and the minimum corneal thickness, which are consistent with measurements.
REPRODUCTION ASPECTS OF COBIA CAUGHT IN PERNAMBUCO COAST, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: HAMILTON Santiago , DOMINGUES Ernesto Carvalho , PEREGRINO JÚNIOR Ronaldo Barradas , RÊ GO Mariana Gomes do , HAZIN (in memorian) Fabio Hissa Vieira , SEVERI William
Published: August 2021

Aspects of the reproduction of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) population from the coast of Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, were studied from February 2004 to August 2006. One hundred eleven individuals were analyzed: 54 females with fork length (FL) ranging from 40 to 137 cm (mean Â± standard deviation: 90.7 Â± 18.1 cm) and 57 males with FL from 43 to 114.5 cm (82.4 Â± 17.0 cm). Histological analysis was used to identify maturational phases. Spawning capable females were found from August to May, except in December, while mature males were present throughout the year, except in July. Size at first maturity (L50) obtained by Bayesian analysis was 72.51 cm FL for females and 60.69 cm FL for males. Overall batch fecundity ranged from 192,063 to 1,600,513 oocytes (722,398 Â± 430,911) and mean relative batch fecundity ranged from 32.9 to 104.8 (71.1 Â± 29.8) oocytes per gram of female body weight. The data indicate that the reproduction of cobia off the coast of Pernambuco occurs throughout the year, but with peaks between February and April, period in which gonadosomatic indices reach the maximum values and then decrease until May for females and males.
Role orientations in university and school student youth (based on a sociological study)
Authors: Stegniy Vasiliy Nikolaevich , Kurbatova Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Antipyev Konstantin Anatolievich , Kolesnichenko Milana Borisovna , Smolnikov Sergey Natanovich
Published: August 2021

The present study examines social roles as a category of sociological science, as well as their role, content, and place in the inner world of a person. Civilizational and cultural changes and changes in social systems including the status and structural alterations lead to modifications in the paradigm of a “social role” and the content of role behavior. The emergence of new phenomena in individuals’ role preferences is to a certain extent determined by the development of the innovation and information space of modern society. This effect is most prominent among young people characterized by a positive attitude to various social changes. Sociological studies conducted among students and pupils in grades 10-11 show the degree of young people’s involvement in specific social roles and the nature of the priority of their choice. The conducted comparative analysis shows the peculiarities of role structure in each group of young people and allows determining the relationship between social statuses and role preferences. Young people’s assessment of the influence of market relations on their role preferences is examined and the peculiarities of this influence are emphasized. Young people’s understanding of the functions of the state in modern Russian society in shaping social roles, as well as their attitude to moral norms and social and legal laws are highlighted. The study proposes a typology of life roles of school students in grades 10-11 and university students.
Uso de PRFC para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas del concreto: una revisión
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Barboza Chunga Diego Mauricio , Burga Rafael Richard Iván
Published: August 2021

El polímero reforzado con fibra de carbono (PRFC) hoy en día se ha vuelto una alternativa de material de fortalecimiento para las estructuras en la construcción porque mejora las propiedades mecánicas del concreto y aunque es un proceso de fabricación de costo elevado, origina un gran beneficio para la estructura de concreto armado (CA). El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar la investigación notable publicada en revistas indexadas de los años 2012 a 2021 (41 artículos de Scopus, 7 de EBSCO, 2 de Science Direct y 1 de Redalyc), sobre el uso del polímero reforzado con fibra de carbono en elementos estructurales, como reforzamiento interno o externo, que beneficia a la estructura en su periodo de vida, al impacto ambiental que este produce, al costo del material y al manejo del material in situ.
Prediction of Radial Head Subluxation and Dislocation in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: Feldman David S. , Rand Troy J. , Deszczynski Jaroslaw , Albrewczynski Tomasz , Paley Dror , Huser Aaron J.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare bone disease that results in growth of benign cartilage-capped tumors and a number of skeletal deformities. Forearm deformities are present in up to 60% of patients with MHE, and radial head subluxation or dislocation occurs in 20% to 30%. Radial head subluxation/dislocation results in a shortened forearm and loss of motion. The purpose of this study was to identify radiographic variables that are most predictive of radial head subluxation/dislocation in an effort to determine the need for prophylactic treatment.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of consecutive patients with MHE treated in our center between April 2007 and December 2019. Radiographic measurements included the presence or absence of distal ulnar osteochondromas, total ulnar bow, total radial bow, and percent ulnar length. Participants were separated into 3 groups based on the status of the radial head: located, subluxated, and dislocated. Radiographic measurements were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis H test with Dunn post-hoc analysis. A prediction model was run using a binomial logistic regression, and a prediction matrix was created.

Results:

A total of 88 patients were included in the study. There were significant differences in the located group compared with the dislocated group in terms of pronation, supination, and extension. The percent ulnar length, total ulnar bow, and total radial bow differed significantly between the located and dislocated groups (p < 0.0001); however, in the binomial regression analysis, only the percent ulnar length and total ulnar bow could be used to distinguish between the located group and the subluxated/dislocated group. Both of these measurements were significant predictors of subluxation/dislocation. There was no radial head subluxation/dislocation in patients with an ulnar bow of <17°.

Conclusions:

The data indicate that total ulnar bow and percent ulnar length are good predictors of radial head subluxation/dislocation. These 2 parameters can be utilized to monitor forearm deformity and guide timing for prophylactic treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Formal Virtual Medical Student Away Rotation in Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Haws Brittany E. , Mannava Sandeep , Schuster Bonnie K. , DiGiovanni Benedict F.
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Away rotations are a valuable experience for medical students when applying for residency. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been significant interest in the development of virtually based substitutes. This study evaluates the utility of a formal virtual fourth-year medical student away rotation in orthopaedic surgery by surveying participants and provides recommendations for success.

Methods:

A 2-week virtual orthopaedic elective was offered to fourth-year medical students in lieu of traditional in-person away rotations. The course consisted of multiple components such as subspecialty case-based didactics, “happy hours” with residents, assigned resident mentors, student case presentations, and observation of resident lectures. After course completion, anonymous surveys were administered to participants to evaluate the rotation.

Results:

Twenty-three of 24 participating students (96%) completed the student survey, and 22 of 24 participating faculty and residents (82%) completed the resident/faculty survey. Most students were very (87%) or somewhat (9%) satisfied with their experience and found the rotation to be a very (35%) or somewhat useful (61%) substitute for an in-person rotation. Students indicated that the rotation very (91%) or somewhat positively (9%) influenced their perception of the program. All students indicated that the rotation was very educational. Most students (91%) reported that the rotation was very useful for learning about the program and culture, with subspecialty didactics and happy hours most useful. Faculty and residents indicated that the rotation was useful for getting to know the students (17% “very useful” and 83% “somewhat useful”) and for assessing student characteristics, such as knowledge base and communication skills.

Conclusions:

A formal virtual orthopaedic surgery away rotation can be a valuable experience for medical students which provides educational value, insight into program culture, and an opportunity to demonstrate interest in the program. The curriculum and recommendations presented in this study can be used as a preliminary template for others interested in creating successful virtual rotations.
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty with Nonprosthetic Glenoid Arthroplasty
Authors: Matsen Frederick A. , Carofino Bradley C. , Green Andrew , Hasan Samer S. , Hsu Jason E. , Lazarus Mark D. , McElvany Matthew D. , Moskal Michael J. , Parsons I. Moby , Saltzman Matthew D. , Warme Winston J.
Published: August 2021

» Glenoid component wear and loosening are the principal failure modes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA).

» The ream-and-run (RnR) procedure is an alternative glenohumeral arthroplasty for patients who wish to avoid the risks and limitations of a prosthetic glenoid component.

» During the RnR procedure, the arthritic glenoid is conservatively reamed to a single concavity, while the prosthetic humeral component and soft tissues are balanced to provide both mobility and stability of the joint.

» The success of the RnR procedure depends on careful patient selection, preoperative education and engagement, optimal surgical technique, targeted rehabilitation, and close postoperative communication between the surgeon and the patient.

» While the RnR procedure allows high levels of shoulder function in most patients, the recovery can be longer and more arduous than with aTSA.

» Patients who have undergone an RnR procedure occasionally require a second closed or open procedure to address refractory shoulder stiffness, infection, or persistent glenoid-sided pain. These second procedures are more common after the RnR than with aTSA.
Budget Participation dan Psychological Capital Pada Creative Attitude di Sekolah Muhammadiyah Unggul Jawa Timur
Authors: Junjunan Mochammad Ilyas , Nawangsari Ajeng Tita , Abdani Fadlil
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the level of budget participation and physicological capital toward the creative attitude in Sekolah Muhammadiyah Unggul Jawa Timur. We used 148 combined sample which consist of educators and education staff who participated in the 2018 budget preparation. The variables used in this study are participation and physicological capital which are measured by a person’s positive mental state including resilience, optimism, hope and self efficiacy. The study indicate that the budget participation in a supportive school environment will have a positive impact on the behavior of teachers and employeesin creating new innovate and supperior programs.
Growth of Companies: Empirical Study of the Companies Listed in Developing Economies
Authors: Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of some control determinants on growth of companies as a reflection to an economic perspective. The methodology used in the current study is cross sectional for a sample of companies belonging to industrial and service sectors (non-financial sector) for the year of 2019 in developing economies. We find a positive link between a number of board members and companies’ growth, while leadership position has insignificant link to companies’ growth. This means that an important policy implication should be considered by policy makers and management in the companies to increase numbers of members in the board of directors which is worth towards enhancement of companies’ growth. The value and originality of this study lies in its results that should be taken into account by several interested parties such as the management in the companies who engage in behavior that leads to maintaining strong control determinants, and also the financial analysts who manage studies on control determinants to enhance companies' growth and further the policymakers who design and implement plans of such determinants.
Senioritas Auditor, Pengalaman Auditor Dan Keahlian Auditor Terhadap Profesional Judgment Dengan Locus of Control Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Fajrin Noho Fajrin Noho , Sabaruddin  , Sulhendri
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to see the effect of auditor seniority, experience, expertise of auditors on professional judgment with locus of control as a moderating variable (a case study of the DKI Jakarta area public accounting firm). The research method used is quantitative research with a survey research form. The research technique in this study used a survey method, which aims to collect information from respondents using a questionnaire containing a list of statements submitted directly to the respondent. Data analysis in this study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. PLS can be used in any type of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) as well as less rigid and more flexible assumption requirements. The results of this study indicate that auditor seniority has no significant effect on professional judgment, but auditor experience and auditor expertise have a significant effect on professional judgment, whereas Locus of Control is unable to moderate the effect of auditor seniority, auditor experience, auditor expertise on professional judgment.
Ukuran Dewan Direksi, Aktivitas Komite Audit Dan Ukuran Komite Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Mei Rinta
Published: August 2021

In accordance with the agency theory that management is responsible to the owner, so he will try to keep the performance of financial statements is always good and will act opportunistically to manage earnings if the performance of financial statements shows a decline. Therefore, the role of the board of director and audit committee is needed to protect the interests of the owner and manager. This study aims to investigate the effect of board of directors size, audit committee activities and the size of the audit committee on earnings management. This study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from 322 samples of companies in the manufacturing sector during the period 2015-2017. The data collected was tested using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This study produces findings that the size of the board directors have an insignificant negative effect on earnings management, the activities of the audit committee have a significant negative effect on earnings management and the size of the audit committee have an insignificant positive effect on earnings management. Keywords: Board Directors Size, Audit Committee Activities, Audit Committee Size, Earnings Management.
Strategi Peningkatan Target Wajib Pajak Bagi UMKM Dengan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Dian Rahmawati Imelda , Nasih Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The development of MSME in Indonesia is very rapid, but this development is not supported by tax compliance. This requires a strategy that needs to be designed by DGT so that this potential can be optimized. The purpose of this study was to determine strategies for increasing tax revenues from the micro small and medium business sector (MSMEs) with the Network Process Analysis (ANP) method. This type of research is field study research. Data sources used in this study are primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interview, documentation, questionnaire, and literature study techniques. Data analysis techniques in this study used the ANP method. The results of this study, among others, based on the NetworkProcess Analysis (ANP) method, obtained priority strategies for increasing revenue from the MSME sector with the Network Process Analysis (ANP) method. The first rank that gets the highest value is the strategy to increase tax services to MSME taxpayers. Tax services to MSME taxpayers include ease in tax reporting, ease in tax payments, and ease in accessing tax information.
Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dimediasi oleh Motivasi Kerja
Authors: Yeni Suyanto Umar , Purwanti Ika , Dzikri Abadi Muhammad , Hirmantono Agung , Sayyid Mokhtar
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to examine and to analyze the effect of compensation and transformational leadership on job satisfaction, either directly or indirectly, mediated with job motivation variable in Muhammadiyah Hospital of Lamongan (thereafter called RSML). This study was an explanatory research; the analysis method employed was Partial Least Square (PLS). The population of research consisted of 364 employees of Muhammadiyah Hospital of Lamongan, while the sample consisted of 79 employees, taken using Slovin technique. The results showed that compensation and transformational leadership are fundamental instruments underlying Muhammadiyah Hospital of Lamongan in improving its employees’ job motivation and satisfaction.