bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CREB3L1 and PTN expressions correlate with prognosis of brain glioma patients
Authors: Liu Li-qiang , Feng Li-fei , Nan Cheng-rui , Zhao Zong-mao
Published: March 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance of cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1 (CREB3L1) and pleiotrophin (PTN) expression in prognosis of patients with brain gliomas. Human brain tissue samples were collected from normal glial tissues (control), low- and high-grade glioma tissues. CREB3L1 and PTN expression levels in cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and population distribution of the CREB3L1- and PTN-presenting patients was examined. The CREB3L1 and PTN mRNA expression levels in three types of the brain cells was determined by RT-PCR. Survival rates for population of the CREB3L1- and PTN-presenting patients were examined. CREB3L1+ cell counts were decreased with increased PTN+ cells in the low-grade and high-grade glioma tissues as compared with the control. Population proportion of the CREB3L1+-presenting patients decreased from the control to the high-grade glioma and the population of the PTN+-presenting patients increased in low- and high-grade gliomas as compared with the control (both P<0.05). The decrease in the CREB3L1 mRNA expression was associated with the increase in the PTN mRNA expression in the low- and high-grade gliomas (P<0.05). Survival time for patients with CREB3L1− and PTN+ gliomas was shorter than patients with CREB3L1+ and PTN− gliomas in the investigated cohorts (both P<0.05). There was a relationship between the expression levels of both proteins and survival time. CREB3L1 and PTN expression levels serve as biomarkers with utility in grading gliomas. Absence of CREB3L1 and presence of PTN in brain glioma cells correlate with survival time of the glioma patients.
Activation of M1 macrophages plays a critical role in the initiation of acute lung injury
Authors: Lu Hui-Lun , Huang Xin-Yan , Luo Yi-Feng , Tan Wei-Ping , Chen Pei-Fen , Guo Yu-Biao
Published: March 2018

The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of M1 macrophages in acute lung injury (ALI). To address this, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated wild-type and CD11b-DTR mice, and examined their M1 macrophage levels, and the extent of their inflammation and pulmonary injuries. In addition, we evaluated pulmonary function by measuring the expressions of SP-A and SP-B in infiltrated M1 macrophages. Finally, we co-cultured the mouse type II-like alveolar epithelial cells (AT-II) and mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) with M1 macrophages in the presence of TNF-α or H2O2 and assessed them for viability and apoptosis. After LPS treatment, we observed that the number of pulmonary M1/M2 macrophages and the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased. Furthermore, the increase in cytokines was accompanied with the initiation of lung injury indicated by the decreased levels of SP-A and SP-B. In macrophage-depleted CD11b-DTR mice, ALI was attenuated, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and ROS were reduced, and lung levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were decreased. After administering TNF-α and H2O2, the proapoptotic effect of M1 macrophages on AT-II or PMECs significantly increased, the cell viabilities significantly decreased, and apoptosis significantly increased. Our results suggest that M1 macrophages are recruited to the lungs where they significantly contribute to an increase in TNF-α and ROS production, thus initiating ALI.
Clinical Strategies for Sampling Word Recognition Performance
Authors: Schlauch Robert S. , Carney Edward
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Computer simulation was used to estimate the statistical properties of searches for maximum word recognition ability (PB max). These involve presenting multiple lists and discarding all scores but that of the 1 list that produced the highest score. The simulations, which model limitations inherent in the precision of word recognition scores, were done to inform clinical protocols. A secondary consideration was a derivation of 95% confidence intervals for significant changes in score from phonemic scoring of a 50-word list.

Method

The PB max simulations were conducted on a “client” with flat performance intensity functions. The client's performance was assumed to be 60% initially and 40% for a second assessment. Thousands of estimates were obtained to examine the precision of (a) single lists and (b) multiple lists using a PB max procedure. This method permitted summarizing the precision for assessing a 20% drop in performance.

Results

A single 25-word list could identify only 58.4% of the cases in which performance fell from 60% to 40%. A single 125-word list identified 99.8% of the declines correctly. Presenting 3 or 5 lists to find PB max produced an undesirable finding: an increase in the word recognition score.

Conclusions

A 25-word list produces unacceptably low precision for making clinical decisions. This finding holds in both single and multiple 25-word lists, as in a search for PB max. A table is provided, giving estimates of 95% critical ranges for successive presentations of a 50-word list analyzed by the number of phonemes correctly identified.
Low‐cost single event double‐upset tolerant latch design
Authors: Jiang Jianwei , Xu Yiran , Ren Jiangchuan , Zhu Wenyi , Lin Dianpeng , Xiao Jun , Kong Weiran , Zou Shichang
Published: March 2018

This Letter proposes a low‐cost, single event double‐upset tolerant latch which utilises interlocked nodes to keep data, clock gating (CG) in Muller C‐element (MCE) to turn off the storage cell, a three‐input MCE to block the soft error from the storage cell and a weak keeper to prevent high impedance state. The storage cell in the proposed latch has better reliability than the conventional triple path dual‐interlocked storage cell (TPDICE). Most up‐to‐date single event double‐upset (SEDU) tolerant latches are carried out with too large cost penalties. The proposed one saves up to 93.32% area‐power‐delay product (APDP) compared with one up‐to‐date SEDU tolerant latch and even saves 36.36% APDP compared with only single event upset (SEU) tolerant latch in the referential. Simulation results have verified SEU and SEDU tolerance of the proposed latch.
Design and characterisation of dual‐mode suspended‐substrate stripline filter
Authors: Binti Mohd Najib Norazwana , Somjit Nutapong , Hunter Ian
Published: March 2018

A new design technique of a dual‐mode ring‐resonator suspended‐substrate stripline filter is reported here to achieve low passband insertion loss, high quality factor, and good spurious response. A fourth‐order bandpass filter was designed and fabricated at the operational frequency of 2.07 GHz with two ring resonators packaged in a metallic cavity where each ring resonator is one wavelength long. The transmission zeros of the dual‐mode filter are generated due to the phase cancellation between the two paths in a ring, thus a sharp‐skirt selectivity filter response was achieved. Perturbation notch structure was implemented on each ring resonator to provide the electromagnetic coupling of two degenerate modes, thus a dual‐mode response of the filter can be synthesised. Measurement results of the first dual‐mode filter prototype showed a return loss and an insertion loss of better than 16.42 and 0.926 dB, respectively, while an out‐of‐band rejection of up to 55 dB was achieved. The novel filter design technique proved that no cross‐coupling is required to obtain the transmission zeros of the filter, thus the sharp‐skirt response was achievable.
1500 V three‐level forward converter with phase‐shifted control
Authors: Hong Feng , Li Longchun , Wu Yu , Ji Baojian , Zhou Yufei
Published: March 2018

A 1500 V three‐level forward converter with phase‐shifted control is proposed to meet therequirements on medium‐ and high‐voltage DC bus of photovoltaic grid‐connectedsystem. The architecture of 1500 V DC bus is established by filtering thephase‐shifted outputs in series centrally, in which the internal filters of eachDC/DC converter are removed. The three‐level voltage is superimposed byphase‐shifting the rectified output voltages in series, which is beneficial todecrease the inductor current pulsation, diminish the ripple of output voltageand improve the system efficiency. The centralised filter contributes todownsizing the filter and reducing the system cost. With the introduction ofparallel‐series structure, the characteristics of low‐voltage stress areretained and the power transmission is improved. Meanwhile, the minimum value oftotal harmonic distortion (THD) with phase‐shifted control is obtained throughthe Fourier decomposition of three‐level voltage waveform. By analysing thevariation rule of THD with the change of conduction angle, the optimalsteady‐state operating point of the converter is achieved. The operatingprinciple of the proposed system is presented minutely in this study and aprototype has been established. The experimental results verify the validity ofthe proposed converter.
Improved mismatched filtering for ATV‐based passive bistatic radar
Authors: Gang Chen , Jun Wang , Shuai Guo , Jue Wang , Siyuan Su
Published: March 2018

This study examines the problem of solving the Doppler ambiguity in analogue television (ATV)‐based passive bistatic radar. When mismatched filtering is used to deal with the range ambiguity at 19.2 km, the Doppler ambiguity caused by the 50 Hz field frequency is equally rising because of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss in the main lobe. Aiming at this problem, an improved mismatched filtering algorithm is proposed. In this new algorithm, the Doppler ambiguity sidelobe suppressing is considered into the cost function, and the mismatched filtering factor is acquired based on minimising the SNR loss, the range sidelobes energy and the Doppler sidelobes energy. Moreover, a batch version is applied to lower the computation. Then the performance of the improved mismatched filtering algorithm is verified by the theoretical analysis. Finally, the application of real data proved the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
Efficient BeiDou DBZP‐based weak signal acquisition scheme for software‐defined receiver
Authors: Meng Qian , Liu Jian‐Ye , Zeng Qing‐Hua , Feng Shao‐Jun , Xu Rui
Published: March 2018

Modulation with high‐rate Neumann–Hoffman (NH) code in BeiDou signals increases the complexity and calculation load in acquisition as the data bit transitions are more frequent and there is no pilot component for synchronisation which is used in other constellations. Among the current state of the art, double block zero padding (DBZP) method has great potential in reducing the calculation. However, traditional DBZP is very sensitive to bit transition and the misalignment of bit edge will cause serious power loss. To relieve the calculation load and acquire the weak signal successfully, an efficient BeiDou DBZP‐based scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme is optimised in two aspects: the NH code phase searching and correlation integration. The step size of the proposed NH code searching method is half an NH code bit which means the number of searches in one navigation message bit is only 40 and the computation load can be reduced greatly. Additionally, the proposed inherited correlation integration establishes a tight inherited structure between adjoining coherent integrations which can reduce the calculation burden further. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can acquire as weak as 22 dBHz with only about 12% computation time of the traditional DBZP method.
Analytical model with two degree of freedom of piezo‐magneto‐elastic energy harvester for low‐frequency wide bandwidth applications
Authors: Krishnasamy Marimuthu , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: March 2018

Vibration‐based nonlinear energy harvester has acknowledged great effort to harvest power out of low‐frequency wideband applications. The nonlinear analytical model of a cutout two degree of freedom piezo‐magneto‐elastic energy harvester is developed to obtain electrical responses of wide bandwidth in between first two successive lower‐vibration modes. Specifically, the nonlinear static tip displacements, mechanical potential energy, modified nonlinear stiffness and tuned resonant frequencies are analytically obtained as a function of initial distance between two magnets which include spring and damping effects of each joint of cantilever beams. The numerical models of magnetic force interactions and harvester models are developed using finite element methods to validate the solutions of analytical models along with available experimental data from the literature. Finally, the optimised inner beam length is found to avoid the anti‐resonant frequency in between the bandwidth region.
Electrical response of carbon nanotube buckypaper sensor subjected to monotonic tension, cycle tension and temperature
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , An Bingqi , Lu Shaowei , Ma Keming , Zhang Lu , Xu Tao
Published: March 2018

Fibre reinforced polymer composites are a popular alternative to traditional metal alloys. However, their internally occurring damage modes call for strategies to monitor these structures. Nowadays, carbon nanotube buckypaper is usually used as a sensor to monitor the strain and/or damage of composites subjected to tensile and cyclic fatigue loadings. In this work, this result is achieved by measuring the electrical resistance response of the buckypaper sensor which is co‐cured with the composites. The test results show that the buckypaper sensor has a very high strain sensitivity in static tensile test and the strain sensing factor can reach about 64.77; moreover, in the fatigue test, although the temperature decreases the resistance of buckypaper sensor, the rate of resistance change still changes linearly with loading and unloading. These studies indicate that buckypaper sensor has a very good stability and synchronisation for strain monitoring and it can meet the needs for health monitoring of composite structures.
New closed analytical solutions for geometrically thick fluid tori around black holes
Authors: Witzany V. , Jefremov P.
Published: March 2018

Context. When a black hole is accreting well below the Eddington rate, a geometrically thick, radiatively inefficient state of the accretion disk is established. There is a limited number of closed-form physical solutions for geometrically thick (nonselfgravitating) toroidal equilibria of perfect fluids orbiting a spinning black hole, and these are predominantly used as initial conditions for simulations of accretion in the aforementioned mode. However, different initial configurations might lead to different results and thus observational predictions drawn from such simulations.

Aims. We aim to expand the known equilibria by a number of closed multiparametric solutions with various possibilities of rotation curves and geometric shapes. Then, we ask whether choosing these as initial conditions influences the onset of accretion and the asymptotic state of the disk.

Methods. We have investigated a set of examples from the derived solutions in detail; we analytically estimate the growth of the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) from their rotation curves and evolve the analytically obtained tori using the 2D magneto-hydrodynamical code HARM. Properties of the evolutions are then studied through the mass, energy, and angular-momentum accretion rates.

Results. The rotation curve has a decisive role in the numerical onset of accretion in accordance with our analytical MRI estimates: in the first few orbital periods, the average accretion rate is linearly proportional to the initial MRI rate in the toroids. The final state obtained from any initial condition within the studied class after an evolution of ten or more orbital periods is mostly qualitatively identical and the quantitative properties vary within a single order of magnitude. The average values of the energy of the accreted fluid have an irregular dependency on initial data, and in some cases fluid with energies many times its rest mass is systematically accreted.
Comparison of the orbital properties of Jupiter Trojan asteroids and Trojan dust
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Schmidt Jrgen
Published: March 2018

In a previous paper we simulated the orbital evolution of dust particles from the Jupiter Trojan asteroids ejected by the impacts of interplanetary particles, and evaluated their overall configuration in the form of dust arcs. Here we compare the orbital properties of these Trojan dust particles and the Trojan asteroids. Both Trojan asteroids and most of the dust particles are trapped in the Jupiter 1:1 resonance. However, for dust particles, this resonance is modified because of the presence of solar radiation pressure, which reduces the peak value of the semi-major axis distribution. We find also that some particles can be trapped in the Saturn 1:1 resonance and higher order resonances with Jupiter. The distributions of the eccentricity, the longitude of pericenter, and the inclination for Trojans and the dust are compared. For the Trojan asteroids, the peak in the longitude of pericenter distribution is about 60 degrees larger than the longitude of pericenter of Jupiter; in contrast, for Trojan dust this difference is smaller than 60 degrees, and it decreases with decreasing grain size. For the Trojan asteroids and most of the Trojan dust, the Tisserand parameter is distributed in the range of two to three.
Stability results of some first order viscous hyperbolic systems
Authors: Nicaise Serge
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we first introduce an abstract viscous hyperbolic problem for which we prove exponential decay under appropriated assumptions. We then give some illustrative examples, like the linearized viscous Saint-Venant system. In order to achieve the optimal decay rate, we also perform a detailed spectral analysis of our abstract problem under a natural assumption satisfied by various examples. We finally consider the boundary stabilizability of the linearized viscous Saint-Venant system on trees.
Long-term effects of temperature and nutrient concentrations on the phytoplankton biomass in three lakes with differing trophic statuses on the Yungui Plateau, China
Authors: Dong Jing , Zhou Qichao , Gao Yunni , Gu Qianhong , Li Genbao , Song Lirong
Published: March 2018

Long-term annual (1990–2010) monitoring data were analyzed to test the responses of phytoplankton biomass in three lakes in the Yungui Plateau, China, to increasing temperature and increasing nutrient concentrations. The three studied lakes (Lake Fuxian, Lake Erhai and Lake Dianchi) all exhibited significant increases in algal biomass from 1990 to 2010, with increases of 0.111 µg/L, 0.662 µg/L and 3.07 µg/L per year, respectively. The study also indicated that the relative influences of warming and nutrient concentrations on chlorophyll a concentration varied among the lakes and was dependent on trophic level and phytoplankton composition. In Lake Fuxian, the increase in algal biomass was correlated with the rapid growth ofMougeotiaspp., and the total phosphorous concentration was the key factor driving this increase in algal biomass. In Lake Erhai, the dominant species shifted fromDolichospermumspp. toMicrocystisspp. Additionally, the increase in algal biomass in Lake Erhai (involving mainly an increase inMicrocystisspp.) was significantly associated with an increase in total nitrogen (TN) concentration. In Lake Dianchi, warming and increases in TN concentration were the strongest predictors of biomass change.
Does the use of various population parameters affect fish assemblage structures?
Authors: Penczak Tadeusz
Published: March 2018

While studying the fish populations in small streamlets and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic stress, the following parameters are used: present/absent species, relative number, and relative biomass recently. Although the image/structure of the population differ from these parameters, this problem has not been investigated by researchers in this topic. It is now known that the potential energy accumulated in animal tissues is the best indicator of his strength and importance in nature, but I have not encountered work assessing the image of population structure according to these population parameters. Consequently, most reliable parameter − the relative calorific value of biomass (in the wet weight), was used. Relative biomass is the parameter of the population, which was found to be the closest to the calorific value of the biomass, as demonstrated by the SOM (self-organizing map) artificial neural network algorithm used in this study. For this reason, attempts have been made to convince authors of future work that relative biomass studies are used in the studies of fish assemblages, as research has already been undertaken, and this paper provides evidence that this choice is justified.
Prise en charge chirurgicale par affaiblissement labio-mentonnier et corticotomies des déséquilibres dento-parodonto-musculaires de la région incisivo-canine mandibulaire
Authors: Chillès J.-G. , Riemenschneider-Chillès S. , Doustkam A.-A. , Chillès D.
Published: March 2018

La région incisivo-canine mandibulaire est une clé de voûte mécanique sur laquelle s’exercent d’importantes forces centripètes musculaires et occlusales. En cas de faiblesse dentaire et/ou parodontale, et/ou de contraintes mécaniques exagérées, des situations de déséquilibres peuvent nuire à la stabilité de nos traitements orthodontiques et à la pérennité du parodonte.

Nous proposons deux techniques chirurgicales pour prévenir et traiter ces situations :

– l’affaiblissement labio-mentonnier chez l’enfant et l’adolescent en croissance;

– les corticotomies avec allogreffe osseuse vestibulaire chez l’adulte.

Ces deux techniques permettent une prise en charge fonctionnelle du déséquilibre mécanique, améliorent le biotype parodontal, et favorisent le repositionnement des incisives mandibulaires.
Evaluation of the inflammatory response to Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Ahn Meejung , Ko Hyun Ju , Kim Jeongtae , Jang Yeounghwan , Shin Taekyun
Published: March 2018

Kudoa septempunctata (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) is a parasite of the trunk muscle of cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We investigated whether K. septempunctata genotype ST3 spores induce cell damage and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells, which exhibit characteristics similar to human intestinal epithelial cells. Purified K. septempunctata spores were heated at 95 °C for 5 min. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured to determine the efficacy of denaturation. Naïve and heated spores, lipopolysaccharide (positive control) and vehicle (negative control) were added to Caco-2 cells. Cells were subjected to the cytotoxic LDH assay and western blot analysis to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Supernatants were collected to measure nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Most spores were denaturated by heating, and the spore morphology was found to be wrinkled with shell valves and polar capsules. In addition, cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2, remained unchanged in Caco-2 cells following exposure to naïve and heated spores compared with the positive controls. Collectively, the findings of this study imply that spores of K. septempunctata genotype ST3 do not cause inflammation in Caco-2 cells.
La grande disruption
Authors: Ladet Michel
Published: March 2018

Dans le scénario présenté ici, la société plébiscite
un monde plus horizontal dans lequel les pyramides
hiérarchiques seraient lissées, chacun est invité
à réaliser son idée le plus rapidement possible
et avec l’aide des autres, car le moteur de ce monde,
c’est l’énergie collaborative. Ce scénario interroge
le nucléaire : comment concilier le temps long
de la filière avec l’accélération qui touche la plupart
des autres industries ? Comment faire simple et petit
dans un écosystème où c’est le grand et puissant
qui remporte encore les commandes ? Comment
coconstruire un projet avec des parties prenantes
de plus en plus étendues ? Quel collaboratif, et avec
qui le financer ? De ces réponses dépendra le nucléaire
de demain, non seulement en France, mais dans
le monde.
Sûreté des réacteurs :
la connaissance du risque hydrogène
enrichie de 20 ans de R&D
Authors: Studer Etienne , Abdo Danièle , Benteboula Sonia , Bernard-Michel Gilles , Coulon Nadia , Dabbene Frédéric , Kudriakov Sergey , Magnaud Jean-Paul , Norvez Olivier , Magnaud Jean-Paul , Norvez Olivier , Tomassian Régis , Widloecher Jean-Luc , Beccantini Alberto , Gounand Stéphane , Brinster Jérôme , Bentaib, Ahmed , Guieu Serge , Mechitoua Namane
Published: March 2018

Le CEA s’est doté d’une compétence forte pour comprendre,
modéliser et prévenir le risque hydrogène dans les installations
nucléaires. À partir du milieu des années 1990, une approche
couplée numérique et expérimental a été mise en oeuvre pour
atteindre ces objectifs : le projet TONUS pour se doter d’outils
numériques pour traiter de la distribution et de la combustion
de l’hydrogène et le projet MISTRA pour alimenter ces modèles
numériques en données expérimentales « CFD grade » pour la
distribution de l’hydrogène et l’efficacité des moyens
de prévention. Ces connaissances et ces outils ont conforté
les démonstrations de sûreté des installations existantes
tant civiles que militaires et contribuent à la conception
de nouveaux réacteurs toujours plus sûrs. Enfin, elles sont
valorisées pour la sûreté des installations industrielles liées
à l’hydrogène vecteur d’énergie.
A selective adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for the profitable tour problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery services
Authors: Chentli Hayet , Ouafi Rachid , Cherif-Khettaf Wahiba Ramdane
Published: March 2018

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickups and Deliveries (VRPSPD) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem. In this variant, an unlimited fleet of capacitated vehicles is used to satisfy both pickup and delivery demands of each customer simultaneously. In many practical situations, such a fleet is costly. The present study extends the VRPSPD by assuming a fixed number of vehicles when the constraint of visiting all customers is relaxed. More specifically, profits are assigned to the customers with the goal of maximizing the difference between collected profits and routing costs. This variant is named Profitable Tour Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery services (PTPSPD). We present a mathematical model run with the CPLEX solver. We also present an extension of the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search heuristic (ALNS) called selective ALNS (sALNS). sALNS uses a new operator selection that executes two phases alternately: the random and the score-dependent phases. An appropriate update of scores is employed. Furthermore, sALNS explores missed regions of the search space by evaluating solutions after the destruction step. Finally, we give tuned insertion and removal operators that handle the constraints of the PTPSPD, as well as a new update of temperature, that helps avoiding local optima, in the Simulated Annealing embedded in sALNS. sALNS is evaluated on 117 new instances with 50–199 customers. A comparison is made between the components of sALNS, the classical ALNS and a recent ALNS heuristic from the literature. sALNS is also evaluated on some VRPSPD instances from the literature. The computational results show that our heuristic provides good quality solutions in reasonable computing time.
Minimization of transmission loss using distributed generation approach
Authors: Lamin Chaantrea Miky , Singh Arvind Kumar
Published: March 2018

The goal of this work is to calculate the total loss in the system and minimize this loss by implementation of distributed generation (DG) technology. In this paper, load flow analysis method is followed to calculate the loss in the system in conjunction with the line flows. A simple 5 bus system with the main bus of the substation as the slack bus, three Plant generators at the generator bus and three load buses are taken for analysis. For loss minimization two distributed generators at two load buses are connected. One generator is a synchronous type model and the other is asynchronous type model. We searched for the most economical penetration level and the ratings of the distributed generators are decided by the magnitude of penetration power at each load bus. Using software, power system simulation for electrical (PSSE), the system with and without DG technology is modeled and the output from the PSSE is observed.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Meningoencephalitis in Newborns and Infants
Authors: Deeg Karl-Heinz
Published: March 2018

Prenatal, neonatal meningoencephalitis and infections of the brain in older infants are often associated with serious complications which can be diagnosed by sonography through the open fontanelles. Most frequently postmeningitic hydrocephalus and subdural effusions occur. Rarer complications are brain abscesses and ventriculitis which are caused by gram negative bacteria such as E. coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus and Enterobacter. A serious complication after ventriculitis is the development of compartment hydrocephalus. Multifocal small echogenic lesions scattered all over the brain are suspicious of fungal infections. Stripe-like echogenicities in the basal ganglia of newborns are typical for prenatal infections such as infections with cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes, toxoplasma gondii and HIV. Late sequelae are intracranial cysts, multifocal encephalomalacia and intracranial calcifications. Color Doppler shows increased perfusion of the brain in the acute phase of the disease. Brain abscesses and infarcts are characterized by decreased or missing perfusion. Spectral Doppler shows increased flow velocities. Increased intracranial pressure causes an increase of the flow velocities in the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery in comparison with the extracranial part. All complications can be diagnosed by ultrasound. Other imaging methods such as MRI are only occasionally necessary.
Das Usher-Syndrom, eine Ziliopathie des Menschen
Authors: Wolfrum Uwe , Nagel-Wolfrum Kerstin
Published: March 2018

Das humane Usher-Syndrom (USH) ist eine seltene, komplexe genetische Erkrankung, die sich in kombinierter Taubblindheit manifestiert. Aufgrund der Ausprägung des Krankheitsbilds werden 3 klinische Typen (USH1 – 3) unterschieden. Für eine korrekte Diagnose sind zusätzlich zu den auditorischen Tests im Zuge des Neugeborenenscreens auch frühe ophthalmologische Untersuchungen und eine molekulargenetische Abklärung notwendig. Die bislang 10 bekannten USH-Gene codieren für heterogene Proteine, die in Proteinnetzwerken miteinander in Funktionseinheiten kooperieren. Im Auge und im Ohr werden USH-Proteine vor allem in den mechanosensitiven Haarsinneszellen und den Stäbchen- und Zapfenphotorezeptorzellen exprimiert. In den Haarzellen sind die USH-Proteinnetzwerke sowohl für die korrekte Differenzierung der reizaufnehmenden Haarbündel als auch für den mechanisch-elektrischen Transduktionskomplex essenziell. In den Photorezeptorzellen sind USH-Proteine im Bereich des Ciliums lokalisiert, wo sie an intrazellulären Transportprozessen beteiligt sein dürften. Darüber hinaus ist ein USH-Proteinnetzwerk in den sog. „calyceal processes“, die das Außensegment der Photorezeptorzellen stabilisieren, zu finden. Das Fehlen der „calyceal processes“ und eines prominenten visuellen Phänotyps in der Maus disqualifiziert Mausmodelle als Modelle für die ophthalmologische Komponente von USH. Während Hörstörungen mit Hörgeräten und Cochleaimplantaten kompensiert werden können, gibt es für USH im Auge bislang keine praktikable Therapie. Derzeit werden genbasierte Therapiekonzepte, wie bspw. Genaddition, Applikationen von Antisense-Oligonukleotiden und TRIDs („translational readthrough inducing drugs“) zum Überlesen von Nonsense-Mutationen präklinisch evaluiert. Für USH1B/MYO7A läuft bereits die UshStat-Gentherapie als klinische Studie.
Inhibition of Tubulin β-chain May Play a Regulatory Role in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Shufeng , Jihong Pan , Zhang Rui , Li Zhiyuan , Meng Qingsong
Published: March 2018

Pathological characteristics of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disease, includes abnormal proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and increased angiogenesis.The study assessed the effect of tubulin β-chain gene (TBB) gene knockdown on the behaviour of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (SFs), which is significantly affected by the synthesis of tubulin. Cultured SFs were isolated from the mixed knee-joint synovial tissue of five RA patients and treated with siRNA targeting TBB. Knockdown efficiency and expression of relevant genes were detected by RT-PCR following 24 h and 36 h of transfection. MTT, Transwell, and wound scratch assays and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell proliferation and invasive and migratory capacity following TBB knockdown. The expression of TBB was detected after inhibition of the ERK, STAT3 and NF-kB pathways. The expression of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL1-β, and IL-6 was quantified following TBB knockdown. The proliferation, invasion, and migration of RASFs were significantly decreased following TBB knockdown. ELISA showed a significant decrease in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion and insignificantly reduced secretion of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-1α after TBB knockdown. The expression of TBB in RASFs decreased with the increasing concentration of a STAT3 pathway inhibitor while TBB expression increased after down regulation of the ERK pathway. These results support a protective role for TBB knockdown in suppressing RASFs, laying a foundation for further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of RA.
Otomyiasis: Systematic Review
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz María , Acosta Ana , Cifuentes-Cardozo Eduardo , Chirveches María , Rosselli Diego
Published: March 2018

Introduction Myiasis is a disease caused by fly larvae that grow in the tissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever and malaise. Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no published management protocols.

Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities.

Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged from newborn to 65 years old. The most common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed.

Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches.
Brain Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Belsuzarri Telmo Augusto Barba , Neves Maick Willen Fernandes , Costa Otávio Augusto da , Soares Diego Alves , Melo Filho Fernando Antônio de , Guimarães Mariana Mazzuia , Gonçales Tiago Fernandes , Zeviani Wolnei Marques , Araújo João Flávio Mattos
Published: March 2018

Tumor heterogeneity is the concept that different tumor cells provide distinct biomorphological lesions, gene expressions, proliferation, microenvironment and graduated capacity of metastatic lesions. Brain tumor heterogeneity has been recently discussed about the interesting interaction of chronic inflammation, microenvironment, epigenetics and glioma steam cells. Brain tumors remain a challenge with regards to medication and disease, due to the lack of treatment options and unsatisfactory results. These results might be the result of the brain tumor heterogeneity and its multiple resistance mechanisms to chemo and radiotherapy.
Anatomical Variations of the Middle Turbinate Concha Bullosa and its Relationship with Chronic Sinusitis: A Prospective Radiologic Study
Authors: Kalaiarasi Raja , Ramakrishnan Venkataramanan , Poyyamoli Santhosh
Published: March 2018

Introduction A pneumatized turbinate, also called concha bullosa, is a normal anatomical variant of the paranasal sinus region. Depending on the site of pneumatization, the concha is classified into extensive, bulbous or lamellar type. The middle turbinate concha bullosa has been implicated as a possible etiological factor in chronic sinusitis.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical variations of the concha bullosa, based on paranasal sinus imaging, and its possible association with sinusitis.

Methods This prospective descriptive study was performed at the Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery over a period of one year, from 2016 to 2017. We studied the computed tomography scans of the nose and paranasal sinuses— in axial, coronal and sagittal planes—of patients who had symptoms of nasal obstruction, or headache and features of chronic sinusitis.

Results Out of the 202 scans studied, the prevalence of concha bullosa was 31.7%. The concha was bilateral in 35 (54.7%) patients and unilateral in 29 (45.3%) patients. Out of 99 conchae, 54 were on the right side and 45 were on left side. Ipsilateral sinusitis was found in 40.4% of the sides in the scans of subjects with concha. There was no statistically significant association between any type of middle turbinate concha with sinusitis, but sinusitis was more predominant with the extensive type of concha (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Multiple air cells, mucocele, pyocele and inflammatory mucosal thickenings in the concha are relatively rare. Detailed knowledge of anatomic variations of the concha bullosa is imperative for the radiologists and the operating surgeons.
Management of Diabetes in the Intrapartum and Postpartum Patient
Authors: Niznik Charlotte , Szmuilowicz Emily , Peaceman Alan , Yee Lynn , Dude Annie
Published: March 2018

Achieving maternal euglycemia in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus is critical to decreasing the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, as maternal blood glucose levels around the time of delivery are directly related to the risk of hypoglycemia in the neonate. Many institutions use continuous insulin and glucose infusions during the intrapartum period, although practices are widely variable. At Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the “Management of the Perinatal Patient with Diabetes” policy and protocol was developed to improve consistency of management while also allowing individualization appropriate for the patient's specific diabetic needs. This protocol introduced standardized algorithms based on maternal insulin requirements to drive real-time maternal glucose control during labor as well as provided guidelines for postpartum glycemic control. This manuscript describes the development and implementation of this protocol to encourage other institutions to adopt a standardized protocol that allows highly individualized intrapartum care to women with diabetes.
Perioperative Complications of Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Conforti Andrea , Bagolan Pietro , Morini Francesco
Published: March 2018

Current survival rate of infants with esophageal atresia with/without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) exceeds 90% and great interest is dedicated to the long-term outcomes and complications. However, perioperative complications represent a significant burden to the EA/TEF infants and a technical challenge for the surgeon. In this review, we will focus on the most frequent perioperative complications specific of EA/TEF to describe their predisposing factors, possible preventive measures, and treatment options.
Perioperative Complications Following Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Mutanen Annika , Pierro Agostino , Zani Augusto
Published: March 2018

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition that mainly affects premature infants. Advanced cases of NEC require surgical treatment, which in up to 70% of infants is associated with significant perioperative morbidity including anastomosis- or enterostomy-related complications, sepsis, peritonitis, and wound infections. Moreover, the perioperative complications may compromise the long-term gastrointestinal and neurodevelopmental outcome of patients requiring surgery for NEC.
Kognition und Emotion
Authors: Baumgartner Vera C. , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: March 2018

Eine Kopf- oder Bauchentscheidung zu treffen suggeriert, dass Emotion und
Kognition unabhängige Systeme sind. Wie ist die Beziehung jedoch wirklich?
Dienen Emotionen einem Zweck? Wie werden Emotionen erlebt, wie werden sie
erzeugt und wie können sie mit Verhalten und psychischen Erkrankungen in
Verbindung gebracht werden? Der Beitrag zeigt die Funktion von Emotionen und wie
fehlangepasste Emotionen in der Therapie berücksichtigt werden können.
Supervision: rechtliche Aspekte
Authors: Bossenmayer Jörg
Published: March 2018

Irren ist menschlich – und auch Psychotherapeuten sind Menschen. Aber es gibt ein
Mittel dagegen: Supervision. Ihre zentrale Funktion ist die Qualitätssicherung,
zentrales Ziel die Steigerung der professionellen Kompetenz im Umgang mit den
Patienten. In diesem Artikel soll sie rechtlich näher beleuchtet werden.
Emotionen und Affekte: Unterschiede im
Psychotherapieprozess
Authors: Sachse Rainer
Published: March 2018

Die Unterscheidung von Emotionen und Affekten spielt für die Psychotherapie eine
wesentliche Rolle. Doch worin liegen die Unterschiede? Der Artikel geht auf die
Funktion dieser Prozesse und auf die unterschiedlichen therapeutischen
Strategien ein.
Ko-respondenz macht Gefühle … und Gender färbt sie
ein
Authors: Schigl Brigitte
Published: March 2018

Als ich gebeten wurde, zum Thema Emotionen und Gender in der Psychotherapie zu
schreiben, tauchten in meinem Denken und Bildern als erstes nicht die Gefühle
der Patientinnen und Patienten auf, sondern jene der Behandlerinnen und
Behandler. Ich werde mich in meinem Beitrag v. a. auf die Emotionen von
PsychotherapeutInnen konzentrieren und Situationen beleuchten, in denen Doing
Gender in der Psychotherapie sie auslöst oder verstärkt.
Kulturelle Aspekte von Emotionen
Authors: Kizilhan Jan Ilhan
Published: March 2018

In kollektiven Kulturen spielen traditionelle Werte, Familie und Gesellschaft
eine essenzielle Rolle für Beziehungen und soziale Netzwerke. Das hat Einfluss
auf Verhalten, Kognitionen und Emotionen, die insbesondere bei psychischen
Erkrankungen für die Diagnostik und Behandlung von Bedeutung sind.
Gefühlsäußerungen jeglicher Art und ihre Intensität anzunehmen und in der Lage
zu sein, sich darauf einzustellen, markiert emotionale Kompetenz in der
Psychotherapie.
Gibt es eine affektive Wende in der Systemischen
Einzeltherapie?
Authors: Wagner Elisabeth , Russinger Ulrike
Published: March 2018

Die Systemische (Familien-)Therapie zeichnete sich in ihren Anfängen vor allem
durch ihre differenzierte Erfassung von Symptomen im Zusammenhang mit
dysfunktionalen (familiären) Interaktions- und Kommunikationsmustern aus.
Lösungsorientierte, narrative und hypnosystemische Interventionen bieten auch
für viele (Einzel-)Therapien ausreichende Veränderungsimpulse. Bei deutlicher
Einschränkung der intrapsychischen Flexibilität empfiehlt sich eine Erweiterung
um gezielte emotionsbasierte Interventionen.
Die Rolle der Emotionen in der Gestalttherapie Die Arbeit
an der Ausdrucksfähigkeit unserer Gefühle
Authors: Dreitzel Hans Peter
Published: March 2018

In der Gestalttherapie wird die Bedeutung der Emotionen vor allem in ihrer
motivierenden und energetisierenden Funktion für das Handeln gesehen. Gefühle
müssen allerdings ausgedrückt werden, um erlebt zu werden. Deshalb geht es in
der Gestalttherapie um die Wiederbelebung der in neurotischen Prozessen verloren
gegangenen emotionalen Ausdrucksfähigkeit und eine Schulung des Gewahrseins für
die Authentizität und die feinen Nuancen beim emotionalen Ausdruck.
Emotionen – die Eckpfeiler unserer
Gesundheit
Authors: Held Judith
Published: March 2018

Das Internet bietet eine breite Palette an Angeboten und
Informationsmöglichkeiten rund um das große Feld der Emotionen. Die folgenden
Internetseiten stellen ausgewählte Themenschwerpunkte dar, die Interessierten
sowie Fachpersonal einen Einblick in die jeweilige Thematik ermöglichen
sollen.
Two Genetic Variants Associated with Plantar Fascial Disorders
Authors: Kim Stuart , Ioannidis John , Ahmed Marwa , Avins Andrew , Kleimeyer John , Fredericson Michael , Dragoo Jason
Published: March 2018

Plantar fascial disorder is comprised of plantar fasciitis and plantar fibromatosis. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain, especially for athletes involved in running and jumping sports. Plantar fibromatosis is a rare fibrous hyperproliferation of the deep connective tissue of the foot. To identify genetic loci associated with plantar fascial disorders, a genome-wide association screen was performed using publically available data from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health including 21,624 cases of plantar fascial disorders and 80,879 controls. One indel (chr5:118704153:D) and one SNP (rs62051384) showed an association with plantar fascial disorders at genome-wide significance (p<5×10−8) with small effects (odds ratios=0.93 and 1.07 per allele, respectively). The indel chr5:118704153:D is located within TNFAIP8 (encodes a protein induced by TNF alpha) and rs62051384 is located within WWP2 (which is involved in proteasomal degradation). These DNA variants may be informative in explaining why some individuals are at higher risk for plantar fascial disorders than others.
Interdisziplinäre Versorgung
Authors: Augurzky Boris , Emde Annika
Published: March 2018

Herausforderungen in der Nephrologie wie die Ambulantisierung, Kommerzialisierung der ambulanten
Dialysebehandlungen und eine Auflösung der stationären Abteilungen im generellen Leistungsspektrum führen
dazu, dass die Nephrologie langfristig an Bedeutung verlieren und Nachwuchsproblemen entgegenlaufen kann. Zur
Sicherstellung der nephrologischen Hauptabteilungen im Krankenhaus werden in der hier vorgestellten
Untersuchung medizinische und wirtschaftliche Erfolgsfaktoren identifiziert. Insgesamt wurden dazu rund 240
000 Patientendaten aus 6 Krankenhäusern mit einer Hauptfachabteilung Nephrologie ausgewertet und 4
Experteninterwies durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis können 16 Erfolgsfaktoren identifiziert werden, darunter eine
ausreichende Abteilungsgröße, eine genügend gute Abgrenzung im medizinischen Leistungsangebot gegenüber
anderen Abteilungen und eine effektive Vernetzung zum ambulanten Bereich.