bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Promote Proliferation of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Through Vascular Niches After Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Nakano-Doi Akiko , Nakagomi Takayuki , Fujikawa Masatoshi , Nakagomi Nami , Kubo Shuji , Lu Shan , Yoshikawa Hiroo , Soma Toshihiro , Taguchi Akihiko , Matsuyama Tomohiro
Published: June 2010

Increasing evidence shows that administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is a potential treatment for various ischemic diseases, such as ischemic stroke. Although angiogenesis has been considered primarily responsible for the effect of BMMCs, their direct contribution to endothelial cells (ECs) by being a functional elements of vascular niches for neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) has not been considered. Herein, we examine whether BMMCs affected the properties of ECs and NSPCs, and whether they promoted neurogenesis and functional recovery after stroke. We compared i.v. transplantations 1 × 106 BMMCs and phosphate-buffered saline in mice 2 days after cortical infarction. Systemically administered BMMCs preferentially accumulated at the postischemic cortex and peri-infarct area in brains; cell proliferation of ECs (angiogenesis) at these regions was significantly increased in BMMCs-treated mice compared with controls. We also found that endogenous NSPCs developed in close proximity to ECs in and around the poststroke cortex and that ECs were essential for proliferation of these ischemia-induced NSPCs. Furthermore, BMMCs enhanced proliferation of NSPCs as well as ECs. Proliferation of NSPCs was suppressed by additional treatment with endostatin (known to inhibit proliferation of ECs) following BMMCs transplantation. Subsequently, neurogenesis and functional recovery were also promoted in BMMCs-treated mice compared with controls. These results suggest that BMMCs can contribute to the proliferation of endogenous ischemia-induced NSPCs through vascular niche regulation, which includes regulation of endothelial proliferation. In addition, these results suggest that BMMCs transplantation has potential as a novel therapeutic option in stroke treatment.
Dicer Ablation Impairs Prostate Stem Cell Activity and Causes Prostate Atrophy
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Boyu , Valdez Joseph M. , Wang Fen , Ittmann Michael , Xin Li
Published: June 2010

Dicer is an RNase III enzyme essential for microRNA maturation. Dicer ablation in diverse tissues has been shown to block tissue differentiation, induce cell apoptosis, impair specialized cellular function, and perturb organ structures. To gain insight into the role of microRNAs in prostate tissue function and homeostasis, we conditionally disrupted Dicer activity in the mouse prostate using an ARR2PB-Cre. We demonstrated that Dicer activity is disrupted in both prostatic basal/stem cells and differentiated luminal cells. Dicer knockout murine prostates are smaller in size and mass and develop epithelial hypotrophy in ventral prostates by 4 months. Dicer ablation induces increased apoptosis in the prostate, predominantly in the differentiated luminal cells. Paradoxically, a concurrent increase in proliferation is observed in both basal/stem cells and luminal cells, presumably due to compensatory growth of the cells devoid of homologous recombination in response to the elevated cellular apoptosis. We have previously shown that Lin(CD31CD45Ter119)−Sca-1+CD49fhigh (LSC) cells enrich for prostate stem cell activity. Through proliferation and differentiation, some LSC cells are capable of forming prostate spheres composed of cells at various stages of differentiation. Although LSC cells were expanded by threefold in Dicer knockout mice, the sphere-forming units of Dicer knockout prostate cells decreased by more than half compared with wild-type cells. In addition, most prostate spheres in the Dicer knockout culture were derived from cells that did not undergo homologous recombination. Our results demonstrate a critical role of microRNAs for the proliferative capacity of prostate stem cells and the maintenance of prostate homeostasis.
E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell–Cell Contact Is Critical for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation
Authors: Chen Taotao , Yuan Detian , Wei Bin , Jiang Jing , Kang Jiuhong , Ling Kun , Gu Yijun , Li Jinsong , Xiao Lei , Pei Gang
Published: June 2010

The low efficiency of reprogramming and genomic integration of virus vectors obscure the potential application of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells; therefore, identification of chemicals and cooperative factors that may improve the generation of iPS cells will be of great value. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms that limit the reprogramming efficiency need to be investigated. Through screening a chemical library, we found that two chemicals reported to upregulate E-cadherin considerably increase the reprogramming efficiency. Further study of the process indicated that E-cadherin is upregulated during reprogramming and the established iPS cells possess E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact, morphologically indistinguishable from embryonic stem (ES) cells. Our experiments also demonstrate that overexpression of E-cadherin significantly enhances reprogramming efficiency, whereas knockdown of endogenous E-cadherin reduces the efficiency. Consistently, abrogation of cell–cell contact by the inhibitory peptide or the neutralizing antibody against the extracellular domain of E-cadherin compromises iPS cell generation. Further mechanistic study reveals that adhesive binding activity of E-cadherin is required. Our results highlight the critical role of E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact in reprogramming and suggest new routes for more efficient iPS cell generation.
Fetal growth trajectories in Type‐1 diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Mulder E. J. H. , Koopman C. M. , Vermunt J. K. , de Valk H. W. , Visser G. H. A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To describe the individual intrauterine growth patterns of fetuses of insulin‐dependent (Type‐1) diabetic women and to examine determinants of overgrowth (macrosomia) and its timing.

Methods

This retrospective longitudinal study examined the developmental trajectories of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) and biparietal diameter in 76 Type‐1 diabetic women with singleton pregnancies. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with a shared fetal AC growth trajectory. Subsequently, maternal factors, including glycemic control as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were examined to see whether they had any effect on fetal growth.

Results

Four subgroups with different AC growth patterns were identified. Differences in birth weight between the distinct subgroups were related to the shape of the AC growth velocity curve over gestation. Acceleration of AC growth commencing before or after 25 weeks' gestation was associated with the birth of a heavy or large‐for‐dates baby in 94 and 56% of cases, respectively. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.0%) during the periconception period or before 12 weeks' gestation was a modest predictor of midtrimester growth in AC. Other diabetes‐related factors, fetal sex, parity, or maternal weight/obesity were unrelated to the fetal growth pattern.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that an individual fetus's growth trajectory is set early in gestation and that the contemporaneous degree of maternal glycemia plays a role in determining birth weight. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shunt diameter in agenesis of the ductus venosus with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt impacts on prognosis
Authors: Shen O. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Cohen S. M. , Lipschuetz M. , Yagel S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Agenesis of the ductus venosus (ADV) is a rare condition in which there are two variants of umbilical vein drainage: intrahepatic shunt or extrahepatic (portosystemic) shunt. It has been posited that the extrahepatic variant carries a poorer prognosis. However, in the absence of associated anomalies there is still a wide variation in outcome. We evaluated the portal system in cases of ADV and aimed to identify parameters that might predict outcome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt that had been examined in two centers, and collected new cases prospectively. The route of the shunt was depicted using two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging. In an attempt to characterize portal system and shunt developmental variations and their possible impact on outcome, the diameter of the shunt was compared with the diameter of the umbilical vein and the entire portal vasculature was assessed. Poor outcome was defined as persistent morbidity or fetal or neonatal death.

Results

Twenty‐two cases of ADV were identified: nine retrospectively and 13 prospectively. Aberrant shunts from the umbilical vein were identified to the right atrium, coronary sinus, inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliac vein. In seven of 22 cases (32%) a wide connection was observed. In six of these seven cases (86%) the outcome was poor, including four with severe associated anomalies and two with hepatic dysfunction. In five of these cases, cardiomegaly with tricuspid regurgitation was observed, as well as underdevelopment of the portal system. In only five of 15 cases with a narrow shunt (33%) was the outcome poor, and in all five cases the poor outcome was related to associated anomalies.

Conclusion

In cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt, portal system development is impacted by the diameter of the shunt. If the shunt is narrow, the portal system will have developed normally. A wide shunt is associated with underdevelopment or absence of the portal system. In cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt, prognosis is determined by the severity of associated anomalies, the diameter of the shunt and development of the portal system. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘equals sign’: a novel marker in the diagnosis of fetal isolated cleft palate
Authors: Wilhelm L. , Borgers H.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of visualization of the uvula and the soft palate during routine two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound examination and to develop a sonographic procedure that facilitates prenatal detection of isolated fetal cleft palate.

Methods

We examined 667 consecutive patients with a singleton pregnancy between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation who were referred to our practice for a detailed fetal anomaly scan. The uvula was visualized either in a frontal section through the neck and pharynx or via a transverse section with subsequent slight tilting of the transducer. The soft palate was visualized in a median sagittal section through the head. To test whether the techniques described are suitable for inclusion in routine examinations, the time allowed for a normal ultrasound scan was not changed from 30 min.

Results

A normal uvula could be visualized with a typical echo pattern (the ‘equals sign’) in 90.7% of the cases and the soft palate could be completely visualized in a median sagittal section in 85.3% of the cases. Visualization of at least one of the two structures (either the uvula or the soft palate) was successful in 98.4% of the cases. In one case an isolated cleft palate (in an otherwise normal fetus) was diagnosed; in one case with a cleft lip and palate, the cleft palate and the completely split uvula were detected. In 1.2% of the cases the examination did not provide sufficient information on either the uvula or the soft palate.

Conclusions

In a high percentage of cases, relevant soft palate structures can be visualized successfully with 2D ultrasound, permitting cleft palate to be ruled out in routine examinations. Visualization of the equals sign proves an intact palate. Absence of the equals sign indicates cleft palate and should prompt further examination of the soft palate in a median sagittal section. Cleft palate can be confirmed when the soft palate cannot be visualized. This technique also facilitates evaluation of the soft palate in the event of a cleft lip and palate. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonic‐Assistance and Aging Time Effects on the Zeolitation Process of BZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Abrishamkar Maryam , Azizi Seyed Naser , Kazemian Hossein
Published: June 2010

The isomorphic substitution of boron into ZSM‐5 zeolite under static hydrothermal condition was investigated. Evaluation of hydrothermal synthesis of BZSM‐5 was performed by treating the synthesis mixture by different aging processes, namely, ultrasonic, static, stirring, and microwave‐assisted aging prior to the conventional hydrothermal treatment. The synthetic processes with different techniques of aging prior to the onset of conventional hydrothermal crystallization were compared with a process without any prior aging. The obtained results showed that the ultrasonic and microwave assisted aging shortened the crystallization time and altered the crystal size and the morphology of the obtained products. The characteristics of the synthesized products were obtained by FT‐IR spectroscopic, XRD and SEM techniques.
[BeCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2] – ein Donor‐Akzeptorkomplex des Berylliums mit dem Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methan‐Liganden
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Holzmann Nicole , Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: June 2010

The donor‐acceptor complex [BeCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2] (1·2CH2Cl2) was prepared from beryllium dichloride and bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane in dichloromethane suspension to give colorless single crystals, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Compound 1·2CH2Cl2 crystallizes monoclinically in space group C2/c with four formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 193(2) K: a = 2339.5(2), b = 916.7(1), c = 2415.4(2) pm, β = 97.15(1)°, R1 = 0.0386. The structure of 1 consists of distorted tetrahedral molecules with site symmetry C2 and bond lengths Be–Cl of 196.8(2) pm and Be–P of 220.6(3) pm. Quantum chemical calculations at the RI‐BP86/SV(P) level give a structure of 1, which is in very good agreement with the experimental one. The calculations predict that the bond dissociation energies of the first and second Ph2PCH2PPh2 ligand from 1 are De = 16.8 kcal·mol–1 and 24.3 kcal·mol–1, respectively.
Clinical observations, molecular genetic analysis, and treatment of sitosterolemia in infants and children
Authors: Niu Dau‐Ming , Chong Kah‐Wai , Hsu Ju‐Hui , Wu Tina Jui‐Ting , Yu Hsiao‐Chi , Huang Cheng‐Hung , Lo Ming‐Yu , Kwok Ching Fai , Kratz Lisa E. , Ho Low‐Tone
Published: June 2010

The clinical observation and treatment of young children with sitosterolemia has rarely been reported. We report clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic observations and treatment outcomes for five Chinese children from four separate families presenting with sitosterolemia in whom we identified two new (Y329X, G269R) and three known (R446X, N437K, R389H) mutations in the ABCG5 gene. The R389H mutation was found in 50% of alleles. Three of these five patients received cholestyramine therapy with a very good response. However, all patients discontinued this therapy because of poor compliance. Finally, all patients were on ezetimibe therapy and had satisfactory total serum cholesterol levels, though their plant sterol levels were still higher than normal. Another noteworthy finding is that a female infant had a serum cholesterol level of 654 mg/dl at 7 months of age, despite being breast fed (with very tiny amounts of plant sterols) since birth and undergoing 4 months of ezetimibe administration. Although she failed to respond to ezetimibe during this period, she did show improvement when the therapy was started again at 2 years of age. It is possible that another 23‐month‐old female patient also responded more slowly to ezetimibe treatment than older patients.
A Survey to Determine Current Practice Patterns in the Surgical Treatment of Advanced Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthrosis
Authors: Brunton Lance M. , Wilgis E. F. Shaw
Published: June 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine current practice patterns and examine the influence of recent evidence in the surgical treatment of advanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthrosis.

Methods

A survey was sent to 2,536 American Society for Surgery of the Hand members. Information regarding specialty training, years of experience, annual cases performed, treatment of choice, technique, and postoperative immobilization was collected. Respondents were asked whether their current treatment of choice differs from what they performed 5 years ago and about the importance of ligament reconstruction and “interposition” to thumb CMC arthroplasty success.

Results

One thousand twenty-four respondents completed the survey (40% response rate). Treatment of choice was trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (68%), regardless of specialty training, years of experience, and annual cases performed. Over 70% favored treatment that was not different from what they performed 5 years ago. Less than 3% of respondents perform a trapeziectomy alone; only 14 surgeons have changed to this procedure in the last 5 years. Only 35% of the 822 respondents who perform a ligament reconstruction and 14% of the 764 respondents who perform an interposition believe those techniques are “extremely important” to thumb CMC arthroplasty success.

Conclusions

Despite recent evidence that suggests neither ligament reconstruction nor tendon interposition confers any additional benefit over trapeziectomy alone, few respondents have converted to the simpler procedure. Either the current evidence is not convincing enough to drastically change practice patterns, or other factors apart from this evidence have a greater influence on surgical decision-making for advanced thumb CMC osteoarthrosis.
Experts en Sciences Mathématiques et Projets Impériaux Sous le Règne de Kangxi
Authors: Jami Catherine
Published: June 2010

En 1713, l’empereur Kangxi ordonne la compilation d’un traité de mathématiques, d’astronomie et d’harmonie musicale. Pour ce projet, il recrute des lettrés par un examen extraordinaire et surveille étroitement leur travail. Seuls deux d’entre eux feront ensuite une carrière de hauts fonctionnaires. Au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, un enseignement de mathématiques est instauré à l’Université impériale. La dynastie Qing a ainsi intégré à la formation de quelques-uns des lettrés, qui visaient à faire carrière dans l’administration, la transmission d’une certaine expertise dans ce domaine.
Les progrès de la sériciculture sous les yuan (XIIIe-XIVe SIÈCLES) D'Après le Nongsang Jiyao
Authors: Mau Chuan-hui
Published: June 2010

Le Nongsang jiyao (Fondements d’agriculture et de sériciculture) fut compilé sur ordre impérial autour de 1273, sous les Yuan: c’est la plus ancienne compilation de ce type dont nous disposons. La présente contribution analyse comment les lettrés, forts du soutien impérial, ont imposé leur expertise à travers cette entreprise d’écriture. Elle aborde tour à tour: a) le contexte historique; b) la compilation et les parcours des principaux compilateurs; c) la diffusion de l’ouvrage et son influence; d) la construction d’un savoir collectif.
Activation of retinoic acid receptor signaling coordinates lineage commitment of spontaneously differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies
Authors: Simandi Zoltan , Balint Balint Laszlo , Poliska Szilard , Ruhl Ralph , Nagy Laszlo
Published: June 2010

Retinoid signaling has been implicated in embryonic stem cell differentiation. Here we present a systematic analysis of gene expression changes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), during their spontaneous differentiation into embryoid bodies and the effect of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on this process. We show that retinoic acid is present in the serum and is sufficient to activate retinoid signaling at a basal level in undifferentiated mESCs. This signal disappears during embryoid body formation. However exogenously added ATRA resets the spontaneous differentiation programs in embryoid bodies and initiates a distinct genetic program. These data suggest that retinoid signaling not only promotes a particular pathway but also acts as a context dependent general coordinator of the differentiation states in embryonic stem cells.
Biochemical characterisation of Murray Valley encephalitis virus proteinase
Authors: Joy Joma , Mee Ng Fui , Kuan Wee Liang , Perlyn Kwek Zekui , Wen Then Siew , Hill Jeffrey
Published: June 2010

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a member of the flavivirus group, a large family of single stranded RNA viruses, which cause serious disease in all regions of the world. Its genome encodes a large polyprotein which is processed by both host proteinases and a virally encoded serine proteinase, non‐structural protein 3 (NS3). NS3, an essential viral enzyme, requires another virally encoded protein cofactor, NS2B, for proteolytic activity. The cloning, expression and biochemical characterisation of a stable MVEV NS2B–NS3 fusion protein is described.
The Collapse of a Single-Party System
Authors: Gill Graeme
Published: June 2010

In this 1994 book Graeme Gill traces the disintegration of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the dissolution of the USSR in December 1991. Based principally on the contemporary Soviet press, the book to follows the debates in the party over the implications of Gorbachev's reforms and how the party should respond to them. It is an in-depth analysis of the institutional dynamics of a party under pressure. When it came under challenge and it could no longer use the weapon of suppression, the party was unable to mount a serious defence of its position and role. Confronted from the top by Gorbachev's call to reform itself and by his changes to the political arena, and from the bottom by new political forces taking advantage of that arena, the party's unity collapsed and with it any sense of purpose or possibility of survival.
Government, Industry and Rearmament in Russia, 1900–1914
Authors: Gatrell Peter
Published: June 2010

This book provides an economic historian's perspective on major questions that confront all students of Russian history: how stable were the economic and administrative structures of late-imperial Russia, and how well prepared was Russia for war in 1914? The decade following the Russo-Japanese War witnessed profound changes in the political system and in the industrial economy. The regime faced challenges to its authority from industrialists, caught in the throes of recession, and from parliamentary critics of tsarist administration. Peter Gatrell provides a comprehensive account of the attempts made by government and business to confront these challenges, examining the organisation and performance of a key industry and showing how decisions were reached about the allocation of resources, and the far-reaching consequences these decisions entailed.
The Fate of Nations
Authors: Mandelbaum Michael
Published: June 2010

The Fate of Nations, published in 1989, identifies and illustrates the basic varieties of security policy, as well as reinterpreting six well-documented historical episodes: Great Britain and the nineteenth-century balance of power system; France between the two world wars; The United States during the Cold War; China from the Communist victory in 1949 to 1976; Israel from the founding of the state in 1948 to the peace treaty with Egypt in 1979; Japan and the international economic order after 1945. Professor Mandelbaum shows that, while no state is wholly restricted by its position in the international system, neither is any entirely free from external constraints. He concludes that in the twentieth-century, national security policies have been more prudent, even when unsuccessful, than they often retrospectively have been judged.
Globalisation, Human Rights and Labour Law in Pacific Asia
Authors: Woodiwiss Anthony
Published: June 2010

Anthony Woodiwiss's pathbreaking book was the first substantive contribution to a sociology of human rights. In it, he takes up the question of whether so-called Asian values are compatible with human rights discourse and argues against human rights issues being the major obstacle to East-West co-operation. Dr Woodiwiss's sociological and post-structuralist approach to the concept of rights, and his incorporation of the transnational dimension into sociological theory, enable him to demonstrate how the global human rights regime can accommodate Asian patriarchalism, while Pacific Asia is itself adapting by means of what he calls 'enforceable benevolence'. His studies of Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore highlight similarities between Pacific-Asian and Western societies and offer a positive view of the social forces obtaining in these territories.
Optical Switching Networks
Authors: Maier Martin
Published: June 2010

Optical Switching Networks describes all the major switching paradigms developed for modern optical networks, discussing their operation, advantages, disadvantages and implementation. Following a review of the evolution of optical WDM networks, an overview of the future trends out. The latest developments in optical access, local, metropolitan, and wide area networks are covered, including detailed technical descriptions of generalized multiprotocol label switching, waveband switching, photonic slot routing, optical flow, burst and packet switching. The convergence of optical and wireless access networks is also discussed, as are the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring and IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet passive optical network standards and their WDM upgraded derivatives. The feasibility, challenges and potential of next-generation optical networks are described in a survey of state-of-the-art optical networking testbeds. Animations showing how the key optical switching techniques work are available via the web, as are lecture slides (www.cambridge.org/9780521868006).
Representation Theory of Artin Algebras
Authors: Auslander Maurice , Reiten Idun , Smalo Sverre O.
Published: June 2010

This book is an introduction to the contemporary representation theory of Artin algebras, by three very distinguished practitioners in the field. Beyond assuming some first-year graduate algebra and basic homological algebra, the presentation is entirely self-contained, so the book is a suitable introduction for any mathematician (especially graduate students) to this field. The main aim of the book is to illustrate how the theory of almost split sequences is used in the representation theory of Artin algebras. However, other foundational aspects of the subject are developed. These results give concrete illustrations of some of the more abstract concepts and theorems. The book includes complete proofs of all theorems, and numerous exercises.
The Closed Treatment of Common Fractures
Authors: Charnley John
Published: June 2010

Reprinted by the John Charnley Trust, the original text having been out of print for many years, this beautifully presented book deals very simply and scientifically with most of the difficult fractures an orthopaedic surgeon is likely to meet in his/her practice. Despite the fact that the original text was published in 1950, the basic principles espoused in the book still apply today, and it remains one of the most concise and complete books on closed fracture treatment ever written. This core textbook has been basic reference for orthopaedic surgeons for half a century. It describes the elementary mechanics of reduction and immobilisation and shows how the commonest injuries can be managed by proven methods based on these general principles. It is a must for anyone embarking on a career in orthopaedics and is a classic text that all orthopaedic trainees and consultants should have on their shelves.
A Question and Answer Guide to Astronomy
Authors: Bely Pierre-Yves , Christian Carol , Roy Jean-René
Published: June 2010

Are we alone in the Universe? Was there anything before the Big Bang? Are there other universes? What are sunspots? What is a shooting star? Was there ever life on Mars? This book answers the fascinating questions that we have been asking ourselves for hundreds of years. Using non-technical language, the authors summarize current astronomical knowledge, taking care to include the important underlying scientific principles. Plentiful color illustrations, graphs and photographs lend further weight to their simple yet meticulously written explanations. An extensive bibliography allows you to pursue or recap on the subjects that rouse your particular interest. Dip in to discover and learn fascinating facts about our Solar System and the Universe beyond!
Plotinus on Sense-Perception
Authors: Emilsson Eyjolfur Kjalar
Published: June 2010

This book is a philosophical analysis of Plotinus' views on sense-perception. It aims to show how his thoughts were both original and a development of the ideas of his predecessors, in particular those of Plato, Aristotle and the Peripatetics. Special attention is paid to Plotinus' dualism with respect to soul and body and its implications for his views on the senses. The author combines a historical approach to his subject, setting Plotinus' thought in the context of thinkers who preceded and succeeded him, with a proper analysis of his ideas and, where appropriate, of those from which they derived.
Interpersonal Adaptation
Authors: Burgoon Judee K. , Stern Lesa A. , Dillman Leesa
Published: June 2010

When people communicate, they often adapt their interaction styles to one another. This highly interesting book examines the numerous ways in which people do this verbally and nonverbally. It reviews theories that try to explain and predict interaction patterns and examines issues involved in conducting this kind of research. It concludes with a proposed theory, Interaction Adaptation Theory, and considers how different interaction patterns can lead to positive or negative outcomes.
Theoretical Approaches to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Jakes Ian
Published: June 2010

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is currently the subject of considerable research, since recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the condition is more prevalent than was originally believed. This book offers a critical discussion of the most important theories that have been put forward to explain this disorder. The book includes behavioural/learning accounts (and cognitive-behavioural supplements of these), based on Pavlovian personality theories (such as those by Eysenck, Gray and Claridge), Pierre Janet's account, cybernetic approaches, psychodynamic approaches, Reed's 'cognitive-structural' account, and biological approaches. Therapeutic approaches to the disorder are also considered, insofar as they are relevant to these theories. This book is unique in both the comprehensiveness and the depth of its coverage of theories of OCD. It also offers an entirely new approach to the definition of the disorder.
Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities
Authors: Lowe-McConnell R. H.
Published: June 2010

Tropical fish present some of the best examples of how new species evolve and how complex ecological communities are maintained. Their study has generated important new ideas on the roles of ecology and behaviour in the evolution of species and communities. This book brings together for the first time the results of widely scattered research on fish in tropical rivers, lakes and seas, research that has been stimulated by the splendid opportunities to observe the behaviour of fish in their natural habitats in the clear warm waters. The book opens with an overview of the ecology of tropical freshwater and marine environments and their associated fish faunas, and then presents a number of freshwater studies drawn from the African, South American, Asian and New Guinea tropics. Special consideration is given to the new man-made lakes which have provided large-scale experiments on the change of riverine fish communities to lacustrine ones, and to the great lakes of East Africa for examples of recent species evolution.
Legal Imperialism
Authors: Kayaoğlu Turan
Published: June 2010

Legal Imperialism examines the important role of nineteenth-century Western extraterritorial courts in non-Western states. These courts, created as a separate legal system for Western expatriates living in Asian and Islamic countries, developed from the British imperial model, which was founded on ideals of legal positivism. Based on a cross-cultural comparison of the emergence, function, and abolition of these court systems in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China, Turan Kayaoglu elaborates a theory of extraterritoriality, comparing the nineteenth-century British example with the post-World War II American legal imperialism. Ultimately, his research provides an innovative basis for understanding the assertion of legal authority by Western powers on foreign soil and the influence of such assertion on ideas about sovereignty.
Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism
Authors: Samatar Said S.
Published: June 2010

This book explores the influence of oral poetry on Somali politics. By reconstructing the history of the Somali nationalist resistance movement, mainly through the use of political oratory in verse form by its leader, Sayyid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan', the 'Mad Mullah' of British history, Said Samater shows how an indigenous resource can be harnessed in a non-literate society, not only as a medium of mass communication but also as a tool for acquiring political power. He traces the intimate correlation between language, politics and oral poetry and seeks to suggest to students of African societies ways of examining indigenous forms of communication used by traditional African creators of large-scale organisations in the absence of writing, to influence public opinion. The book is an important contribution to the history of the Horn of Africa and its new material on the role of oral literature in a non-literate society will interest linguists, sociologists and anthropologists, as well as students of folklore and comparative literature.
Weddell Seal
Authors: Kooyman Gerald L.
Published: June 2010

This book describes the environment and behaviour patterns of the Weddell seal. Based on his numerous expeditions to the Antarctic, Dr Kooyman has analysed the seal's diving physiology and acoustical biology. The seal's remarkable adaptation to its environment is evidenced in its ability to dive to 600 meters and return without ill effect and to remain submerged for more than one hour, even though it is an air-breathing animal. The seal holds a unique niche in the world's ecology; it occupies the most southern latitude of any mammal on a permanent basis. The study of this seal has provided important insights into methods of animal navigation, respiration and metabolism. Dr Kooyman is well known as an authority on the Weddell seal. During his fifteen trips to the Antarctic since 1961, he has studied the seal extensively. This book should appeal to marine biologists, animal physiologists and to all those with a serious interest in natural history and life in the Antarctic.
The Unity of Mankind in Greek Thought
Authors: Baldry
Published: June 2010

The idea of the unity of mankind did not come easily to the Greeks. Its eventual emergence has been ascribed to various sources, not least to Alexander the Great. Professor Baldry believes that it cannot be attributed to any single individual, but that the true picture is a long and complicated chain of development to which many contributed. In this book Professor Baldry describes this development from Homer to Cicero when, although the traditional divisions and prejudices still remained string, the idea of unity had become part of the outlook of civilised man. He discusses the contribution of thinkers such as Antiphon, Aristotle, the Cynics or Zeno; the influence of great historical movements like the rise of Macedon and Rome; and also the obstacles that stood in the way - the divisions between Greek and barbarian, free and slave, enlightened and unenlightened, even man and woman. This study will interest not only classical scholars but historians and philosophers. In particular Professor Baldry's assessment of the influence of Alexander and the ideas of Zeno is important.
Corporate Integrity
Authors: Brown Marvin T.
Published: June 2010

What do corporations look like when they have integrity, and how can we move more companies in that direction? Corporate Integrity offers a timely, comprehensive framework- and practical business lessons - bringing together questions of organizational design, communication practices, working relationships, and leadership styles to answer this question. Marvin T. Brown explores the five key challenges facing modern businesses as they try to respond ethically to cultural, interpersonal, organizational, civic and environmental challenges. He demonstrates that if corporations are to meet the needs of civil society, they must facilitate inclusive communication patterns based on mutual recognition and civic cooperation. Corporate Integrity is essential reading for professionals in organizational ethics, business leaders, and graduate students looking for practical and reflective insights into doing business with integrity and purpose.
The Economics of Network Industries
Authors: Shy Oz
Published: June 2010

This book introduces upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers to the latest developments in network economics, one of the fastest-growing fields in all industrial organization. Network industries include the Internet, e-mail, telephony, computer hardware and software, music and video players, and service operations in the banking, legal, and airlines industries among many others. The work offers an overview of the subject matter as well as investigations about specific industries. It conveys the essential features of how strategic interactions between firms are affected by network activity, as well as covering social interaction and its influence on consumers' choices of products and services. Virtually no calculus is used in the text, and each chapter ends with a series of exercises and selected references. The text may be used for both one- and two-semester courses.
Auditory Perception
Authors: Warren Richard M.
Published: June 2010

This revised and updated third edition describes the nature of sound, how sound is analyzed by the auditory system, and the rules and principles governing our interpretation of auditory input. It covers many topics including sound and the auditory system, locating sound sources, the basis for loudness judgments, perception of acoustic sequences, perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds, speech production and perception, and the relation of hearing to perception in general. Whilst keeping the consistent style of the previous editions, many new features have been added, including suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, a section on functional imaging of the brain, expanded information on pitch and infrapitch, and additional coverage of speech processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in auditory perception, behavioral sciences, psychology, neurobiology, architectural acoustics, and the hearing sciences will find this book an excellent guide.
Thinking about Biology
Authors: Webster Stephen
Published: June 2010

Thinking about Biology is intended for biology students who are interested in reflecting on the wider contexts of their studies. This 2003 book encourages students to see that biology does not deliver certainties; it discusses how biological ideas become established facts; it uses history to examine how ideas change, and to show that the biological facts that form the basis of a biology course are likely to change too. Each chapter is based on biological topics, and examines them for their philosophical, social and political implications. Topics covered include the role of natural selection in evolution, the history of ideas about fertilisation and inheritance, vivisection, and reductionism. Genetically modified foods, xenotransplantation, eugenics, and genetic testing are some of the controversial subjects discussed. Thinking About Biology should be essential reading for all college students already taking a biology course, and for those contemplating such a course in the future.
The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics
Authors: Johnston Richard , Hagen Michael G. , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: June 2010

In the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election, campaigns suddenly seem to matter, as do questions about the electoral process. Professors Johnston, Hagen and Jamieson have examined the US electoral process as an integrated event spanning a full year, drawing upon a data set that is massive in scale and novel in execution: the Annenberg 2000 Election Study. The scale of their fieldwork is such that they have been able to isolate key turning points and that dynamics can be studied within certain segments. The interviews are rich in opinion about policy, perception, information and judgement about candidates, media use and strategy. What is more, the authors have used candidate appearances, news coverage, and campaign advertising to provide the first integrated account of this or any US campaign.
The American Constitution and the Debate over Originalism
Authors: Goldford Dennis J.
Published: June 2010

Located at the intersection of law, political science, philosophy, and literary theory, this is a work of constitutional theory that explores the nature of American constitutional interpretation through a reconsideration of the long-standing debate between the interpretive theories of originalism and nonoriginalism. It traces that debate to a particular set of premises about the nature of language, interpretation, and objectivity, premises that raise the specter of unconstrained, unstructured constitutional interpretation that has haunted contemporary constitutional theory. It presents the novel argument that a critique of the underlying premises of originalism dissolves not just originalism but nonoriginalism as well, which leads to the recognition that constitutional interpretation is already and always structured. It makes this argument in terms of the first principle of the American political system: by their fidelity to the Constitution, Americans are a textual people in that they live in and through the terms of a fundamental text.
The Marketing of Rebellion
Authors: Bob Clifford
Published: June 2010

How do a few Third World political movements become global causes célèbres, while most remain isolated? This book rejects dominant views that needy groups readily gain help from selfless nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Instead, they face a Darwinian struggle for scarce resources where support goes to the savviest, not the neediest. Examining Mexico's Zapatista rebels and Nigeria's Ogoni ethnic group, the book draws critical conclusions about social movements, NGOs, and 'global civil society'.
A REMARK ON THE STRONG LAW FOR B-VALUED ARRAYS OF RANDOM ELEMENTS
Authors: HU TIEN-CHUNG , CHEN PING YAN , WEBER N. C.
Published: June 2010

The conditions in the strong law of large numbers given by Li et al. [‘A strong law for B-valued arrays’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.123 (1995), 3205–3212] for B-valued arrays are relaxed. Further, the compact logarithm rate law and the bounded logarithm rate law are discussed for the moving average process based on an array of random elements.
Diet attributes of lactating ewes at pasture using faecal NIRS and relationship to pasture characteristics and milk production
Authors: BOVAL M. , ORTEGA-JIMENEZ E. , FANCHONE A. , ALEXANDRE G.
Published: June 2010

In order to assess the diet of lactating ewes fed at pasture and the relationship of diet quality to pasture characteristics and milk production (MP), 12 lactating ewes were monitored during five lactation cycles (LCs). Individual faecal samples were collected three times per LC and scanned using a Foss NIRSystem 6500 monochromator. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), organic matter intake (OMI), digestible OMI (DOMI) and the chemical composition of the herbage ingested, i.e. the crude protein (CP) content of the herbage ingested (CPi) and the acid detergent fibre and lignin contents of the herbage ingested (ADFi and ADLi), were determined. The MP of the ewes and the pasture characteristics were measured and their relationships with diet quality were analysed.

OMI and DOMI were higher during the first and the fourth LC (P<0·01). OMD and CPi were higher during the second and the fifth LC (P<0·01). MP varied with OMI (P<0·01) and with DOMI (MP=0·1362×DOMI0·53,R2=0·40,P<0·001), whereas it was negatively correlated with OMD (r=−0·46,P<0·001). OMD and CPi were both positively correlated with the CP content of the pasture (r=0·25,P<0·03;r=0·50,P<0·001), whereas the ADFi was negatively correlated with CP content (r=−0·48,P<0·01). The variation in OMI, DOMI and MP, on the one hand, and OMD and CPi, on the other, throughout the different LCs illustrates the importance of measuring several parameters when evaluating diets at pasture.
On the stability of plane Couette–Poiseuille flow with uniform crossflow
Authors: GUHA ANIRBAN , FRIGAARD IAN A.
Published: June 2010

We present a detailed study of the linear stability of the plane Couette–Poiseuille flow in the presence of a crossflow. The base flow is characterized by the crossflow Reynolds number Rinj and the dimensionless wall velocity k. Squire's transformation may be applied to the linear stability equations and we therefore consider two-dimensional (spanwise-independent) perturbations. Corresponding to each dimensionless wall velocity, k ∈ [0, 1], two ranges of Rinj exist where unconditional stability is observed. In the lower range of Rinj, for modest k we have a stabilization of long wavelengths leading to a cutoff Rinj. This lower cutoff results from skewing of the velocity profile away from a Poiseuille profile, shifting of the critical layers and the gradual decrease of energy production. Crossflow stabilization and Couette stabilization appear to act via very similar mechanisms in this range, leading to the potential for a robust compensatory design of flow stabilization using either mechanism. As Rinj is increased, we see first destabilization and then stabilization at very large Rinj. The instability is again a long-wavelength mechanism. An analysis of the eigenspectrum suggests the cause of instability is due to resonant interactions of Tollmien–Schlichting waves. A linear energy analysis reveals that in this range the Reynolds stress becomes amplified, the critical layer is irrelevant and viscous dissipation is completely dominated by the energy production/negation, which approximately balances at criticality. The stabilization at very large Rinj appears to be due to decay in energy production, which diminishes like Rinj−1. Our study is limited to two-dimensional, spanwise-independent perturbations.
Reynolds number dependence of mean flow structure in square duct turbulence – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: PINELLI ALFREDO , UHLMANN MARKUS , SEKIMOTO ATSUSHI , KAWAHARA GENTA
Published: June 2010

In Pinelli et al. (2010) the correct figure 7 with the corresponding caption should appear as follows.
BOOK REVIEW. Multiscale and Multiresolution Approaches in Turbulence. By Pierre Sagaut, Sebastian Deck & Marc Terracol. Imperial College Press, 2006. 356 pp. ISBN-10: 186094650X, ISBN-13: 978-1860946509, £78.00 – ERRATUM
Authors: Page Gary J.
Published: June 2010

We apologise for omitting the Reviewer's name at the end of this book review (Page 2010).