bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super-diversity at the margins? Youth language in North Brabant, The Netherlands
Authors: Mutsaers Paul , Swanenberg Jos
Published: March 2015

‘Super-diversity’ has gained popularity in the field of sociolinguistics as a new concept that jettisons the rather rigid toolkit of speech communities, ethnolects and mother tongues in favour of notions of truncated repertoires and resources that better capture the plurality of styles, registers and genres of people living in a globalized world. In this article we take stock of the (foregoing) literature on super-diversity (a ‘sociolinguistics of mobility’), pit it against a ‘sociolinguistics of distribution’, but then only to call for a rapprochement. We claim that studies on super-diversity have a ‘big city bias’ as they remain silent on (semi-)marginal places, in our case the Dutch countryside. Sociodialectologists have produced interesting data that show a distribution of regiolects (levelled dialects) in Europe, a development that holds connection to the very same processes of globalization. In an analysis of our language material gathered at four high schools in North Brabant, the Netherlands, we seek to bring together the literature on super-diversity and the literature on dialects and regionalization.
Language emancipation and attitudes towards languages in the case of Guadeloupe
Authors: Jeannot-Fourcaud Béatrice
Published: March 2015

This paper deals with the importance of attitudes towards languages for the process of language emancipation in the case of Guadeloupe, where two languages are spoken, French and Creole. The history of the settlement of Guadeloupe and the current sociolinguistic situation explain the links between the two languages. Today, we observe that French remains the H-language, and Creole the L-language. In this study, the question of Creole emancipation in Guadeloupe focuses on the educational system and includes a discussion of young teachers’ and pupils’ opinions, which show ambiguous feelings about the use of the Creole, especially at school. The analysis concludes that, despite the fact that Creole has already seen emancipatory development, one can state that attitudes towards this language act as a brake on its complete emancipation. The last part of the paper consists of a few proposals intended to change speakers’ views of Creole.
The three partners of language planning and the revitalization of the Basque language in the Northern Basque Country
Authors: Coyos Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2015

This paper deals with the current situation of the Basque language and the policy implemented in its favor in the Northern Basque Country or French Basque Country. One of the aims is to show the limits of the public linguistic policy implemented, for the first time, by the authorities. If the commitment of the associations of support for the language is important, that of society as a whole is less, even if the latter becomes gradually more favorable.
From a general point view, we can say that three partners or protagonists are involved in the process of recovery or loss of a language. In one way or another, the government and regional and local authorities are the decision-makers and financial backers, the agents of the linguistic policy are the providers, project managers, society and citizens are the addressees/beneficiaries. This leads me to develop a theory of the actors in the process of revitalization or loss of a language, the Three Partners Model, as a descriptive and explanatory framework.
Languages of French overseas territories and the French educational system
Authors: Launey Michel
Published: March 2015

This article deals with the Regional Languages issue in French overseas territories, and how it is met by the educational system. It shows that the national framework, with French as the only teaching language in schools, as well as a very restrictive law about regional languages, works in an unsatisfactory way in a highly multilingual situation, which is very different from one place to another, and in which some children arrive at school with no knowledge of French. The obvious inadequacy of programs and methods, which brings about school failure for too many children and professional unease among most teachers, has led to increasing concerns, to deeper insights, and, at least in some places, to a few fruitful innovations, which may or may not be supported by the educational hierarchy.
Chinese vendors’ code-switching in service encounters in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Lau Yih-Long , Ting Su-Hie
Published: March 2015

The study examined the language of service encounters in a bakery operated by Chinese vendors in a Foochow-dominant town in Malaysia. Naturally occurring data of 100 service encounters were digitally recorded (83 with Chinese customers and 17 with non-Chinese customers). In intraethnic interactions, Foochow is the default language choice but Mandarin is emerging as a viable option. In interethnic interactions, the Chinese vendors accommodated by speaking either Bahasa Malaysia or Bazaar Malay. A majority of the service encounters took place in one language as code-switching was identified in only 19 encounters. In interethnic interactions, the vendors switched to thank customers in English but in intraethnic interactions, the functions vary with the staging of service encounters. The main functions are emphasis on attributes of goods in Sale Enquiry, attributes and quantity of goods to buy in Sale Request, and attributes, quantity and price of goods to sell in Sale Compliance. Code-switching in the Purchase Closure stage brings in expression of thanks which is not an integral feature of service encounters in Eastern settings. Using stages of service encounters to explain code-switching functions provides a less context-dependent framework which shows how code-switching brings about efficiency in service encounters.
Maternal attitudes toward Spanish transmission in the U.S. Midwest: a necessary but insufficient condition for success
Authors: Velázquez Isabel
Published: March 2015

This paper presents the results of an analysis of maternal attitudes toward intergenerational transmission of Spanish in a group of 19 first-generation Latino families in the city of Lincoln, Nebraska. A 12-item Likert scale was employed to survey respondent attitudes as part of a larger study on Spanish maintenance and loss in this Midwestern community. Attitudes toward transmission, perceptions about the viability of transmission in the context of the US, attitudes toward children’s bilingualism and perceptions about children’s development of Spanish as related to their cultural identity were surveyed. Overall results suggest that respondents held strong positive attitudes towards intergenerational transmission of Spanish. As a group, strong positive attitudes were recorded for 10 of the 12 items presented. The two items with the lowest overall scores were related to the belief that children may be confused or cognitively overburdened if exposed to more than one language.
Indigenous language orientation for effective citizenship education in 21st century Africa: reflections on the Nigerian experience
Authors: Adegoju Adeyemi
Published: March 2015

Efforts geared towards effective knowledge production in most African states have suffered grave setbacks owing to their extreme reliance on foreign languages to mobilise the people for national development. Apparently, citizenship education does not take cognizance of the social realities and the low level of education in Africa, as the predominant use of foreign languages has excluded the majority of the African people, who use only their indigenous languages, from national development processes. Consequently, a gulf is created between the vision of the leadership and the aspirations/willpower of the populace. To redress this unwholesome trend in twenty-first-century Africa, this article calls for a pan-African orientation that prides itself on deploying African indigenous languages for mass mobilisation. Drawing on the Nigerian experience of propagating citizenship education, the paper appraises government sensitisation drives on issues such as the country’s re/branding project, political socialisation, safety practices of food/drug consumption and environmental sustainability. It is the contention of this paper that in order to bridge the knowledge gap between the elite and the unlettered, there should be an aggressive paradigm shift towards using indigenous African languages to mediate and negotiate government-citizenry transactions for the evolvement of the personally responsible, participatory and justiceoriented African citizen.
Un análisis discursivo comparativo entre las narrativas del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) y las del ex presidente Salinas de Gortari (México)
Authors: Montesano Montessori Nicolina
Published: March 2015

The Zapatista rebellion which started on the first of January, 1994, can be considered a local response to an innovative approach towards globalization undertaken by the Mexican government under the presidency of Salinas de Gortari (1988 1994). This study includes a detailed discursive analysis of the Inaugural Speech and three of the anual State of the Nation Reports of the former president Salinas de Gortari and four of the anual declarations of the EZLN (1994–1998). One of the basic understandings of this study is that these political narratives perform a strategic function in a struggle for achieving hegemonic acceptance within the Mexican population for two different national projects that each of them has in mind. In another publication the detailed theoretical framework was presented, which was based on discourse theory and critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Chouliaraki and Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough 1992, 2003; Reisigl and Wodak, 2001) and a Gramscian approach to hegemony and the application to empirical data of the discourse theoretical concepts myth and imaginary as well as the first stage of the analysis: content analysis and Deixis (Montesano Montessori, 2011). This article summarises the second and the third stages of the data analysis. The second stage implies an analysis of arguments and discursive strategies, what allowed Salinas de Gortari to rearticulate the future of Mexico in terms of civic nationalism and a liberal democracy, based on one keyword: modernization of the Mexican state and society. The EZLN rearticulates the future of the country en terms of an ethnic nationalism and a radical democracy. The third stage implies an analysis of metaphors and a detailed syntactic study of the keywords ‘modernization’ in the discourse of Salinas de Gortari and ‘democracy’ in the discourse of the Zapatistas. This last stage of the analysis allowed identifying ‘modernization’ as a nodal point and ‘democracy’ as an empty signifier.
Linguistic creativity in Nigerian Pidgin advertising
Authors: Mensah Eyo , Ndimele Roseline
Published: March 2015

Advertising communication aims at attracting audiences’ attention. It also motivates interest, changes perceptions, stimulates desires and manipulates social values and attitudes. In achieving these objectives, the language medium needs to be carefully selected, especially in a multilingual setting like Nigeria, given that language is the driving force that determines the effectiveness of ad messages. This paper explores the (socio)linguistic devices that are exploited in ad discourse in Nigerian Pidgin (NP) as well as the pragmatic and creative potentials of lexical innovation, code-switching, proverbs, humour and other stylistic strategies that are employed in both print and electronic ads in NP. The paper discovers that advertising in NP commands enormous public appeal because of its spread, flexibility and the creative possibilities it allows. Advertising communication presents yet another platform to further deepen the social utility and functional relevance of NP in the public space in spite of the widespread and age-long misconceptions and prejudices against it.
Swearing: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study. Magnus Ljung (2011) Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 240 ISBN: 9780230576315 (Hardback)
Authors: Shakiba Nooshin
Published: March 2015

Review
So pues entonces: An examination of bilingual discourse markers in Spanish oral narratives of personal experience of New York City-born Puerto Ricans
Authors: Flores-Ferrán Nydia
Published: March 2015

In narratives, discourse markers (DMs) have been found to contribute to the coherence of the discourse by signaling a relationship across utterances. These forms have been reported as having multiple functions (e.g. Norrick, 2001, Schiffrin, 1987; 2001; Torres, 2002). With regard to the use of DMs produced by bilinguals, Lipski (2005) offers insight into the penetration of English ‘so’ in Spanish discourse. He maintains that its appearance is common in Spanish-English bilinguals in the U.S. and it cuts across the entire spectrum of bilingual abilities. As free forms, Torres (2002) also suggests that DMs lend themselves to borrowing. While Torres’ (2002) research on DMs produced by English and Spanish dominant Puerto Ricans produced a wide range of outcomes, Torres contends that all speakers regardless of language dominance employ English markers in their Spanish narratives.
This current study expands on Torres’ (2002) and Lipski’s (2005) work. It investigates all lexical DMs produced among bilingual New York City born Puerto Ricans and Islanders. It discusses the pragmatic function of the discourse markers (i.e. causative, connective, clarification, participatory), bilingual marker doubling (e.g. ‘so’ pues), the preferred language in which the DMs were produced, and how information structure (i.e. old vs. new) conditions the use of these forms. The study reveals that while New Yorkers show a general favoring towards the use of Spanish DMs, they exhibit restricted pragmatic uses of these forms. Further, they use more English and bilingual DMs than their counterparts suggesting a grammaticalization in progress.
Language, Society and Identity in Early Iceland Stephen Pax Leonard (2012) [Publications of the Philological Society, 45] London: Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 198 ISBN 978-1-118-29496-3
Authors: Willson Kendra J.
Published: March 2015

Book review.
The Semiotics of Drink and Drinking Paul Manning (2012) London and New York: Continuum [Continuum Advances in Semiotics] Pp. 245 ISBN: 978-1-4411-3774-6
Authors: Sandström Niclas
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Podcast Paralysis
Authors: Pozorski Aimee
Published: March 2015

Drawing on David Bartholomae’s 1985 essay, “Inventing the University” (Bartholomae, 1985), this article argues that college instructors should not readily assume that students would grasp technological innovation in the classroom and improve as writers because of it. Before co-opting students’ favorite devices such as iPods, iPads, and social networking sites as the way to reach them in the classroom, instructors should first reflect on the costs and benefits of such an arrangement.
Pseudonymous Writing and Improved Course Engagement Using Blogs
Authors: Pearson A Fiona , Ellis Scott P
Published: March 2015

This study examines students’ use of pseudonymous writing on blogs as a means of engaging with course material in college-level courses. The authors analyse qualitative data from course evaluations from over 40 sections of 13 different courses (N = 1011 students), which were offered between 2005 and 2010 on two different campuses in the northeastern United States. Findings reveal that students perceive improvement in their peer interactions and class participation when provided with the opportunity to further class discussions on class blogs under the guise of a pseudonym. The authors contend that using semi-public blogs as an alternative forum for discussion encourages students to read actively, improve their written communication skills, and engage in dialogue and meaning-making.
A Learner-Centered Pedagogy to Facilitate and Grade Online Discussions in Writing Courses
Authors: Vengadasalam Sarbani Sen
Published: March 2015

Taking a practitioner focus, I present the need for and features of a new learner-centered discussion pedagogy. The article begins with an analysis of the dynamics and difficulties of facilitating and grading online threaded discussions in writing classes. It demonstrates how De Nigris and Witchel’s (2000) concepts of the “WRITE” and the “WRONG” can be integrated into Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956) to plan and create a discussion pool and tree that keeps students engaged as it moves them from lower to higher levels of learning. It further shows how the students’ progress on the cognitive scale and their timely, well thought out, and interactive participation can be encouraged and assessed. The discussion concludes with an examination of the advantages and feasibility of using the new, learner-centered discussion management pedagogy in graduate and undergraduate online and hybrid writing classes across universities and learning management systems.
Adapting Editorial Peer Review of Webtexts for Classroom Use
Authors: Ball Cheryl E
Published: March 2015

This article picks up, literally, where another one leaves off: “Assessing Scholarly Multimedia: A Rhetorical Genre-Studies Approach” in Technical Communication Quarterly (Ball, 2012a). In that article, I describe how I have brought my editorial-mentoring work with Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, which exclusively publishes “born digital” media-rich scholarship, into undergraduate and graduate writing classes. This article describes how the process of editorial peer review translates into students’ peer review workshops in those same writing classes.
Taming the Dragon
Authors: Altman James
Published: March 2015

This article examines the usefulness of voice recognition software both inside and outside the classroom. In particular, the program Dragon Naturally Speaking is considered. Relevant research is presented along with the author’s own experiences as a long time user of voice recognition software and those of students as well. Methods for overcoming drawbacks, such as training the software and correcting errors, are detailed. Means for maximizing the software’s effectiveness for note taking, freewriting, and revising are detailed, and points are made about the desirability of use of voice recognition software for universal access.
Teaching the New Paradigm
Authors: Magrino William , Sorrell Peter
Published: March 2015

This article is addressed to those interested in integrating social media, as a collaborative component, into Business and Technical Writing courses. Educators find themselves under the false impression that digital natives’ familiarity with these tools will result in their embracing them as part and parcel of coursework. The reality is that today’s students need help in moving beyond the familiar applications of these virtual spaces in their personal lives and toward their uses as dynamic components of the educational experience. Relearning Facebook to do more than “friending” people, “liking” activities, and announcing one’s status involves an emphasis on the professional role of this developing medium of communication. These professional applications, therefore, must be fully integrated into the academic experience. Most Business and Technical Writing courses at Rutgers University culminate with each student submitting a research proposal, developed throughout the course of a 15-week semester. The justification for the plan of action in each proposal is based upon scholarly research. In our Collaborative Writing Practices course, the students develop their proposals in teams and are instructed to use various social networking platforms to communicate with each other, as well as with their instructor, as a supplement to the face-to-face classroom environment. In addition, each researched plan is required to advance a solution that utilizes social media. Our “triangulated” approach to instruction immerses students into social networking and helps them understand that, to be successful, collaborative writing must occur on a variety of levels. We also integrate social media into several of our online classes, where it is used to replace key elements of face-to-face courses, such as formal presentations. We have found that implementing a social media project instead of the traditional PowerPoint presentation encourages a greater level of interaction and participation among students.
Multimodal Composing in Classrooms Learning and Teaching for the Digital World. Edited by Suzanne M. Miller and Mary B. McVee (2012)
Authors: Cowen Kate
Published: March 2015

Multimodal Composing in Classrooms Learning and Teaching for the Digital World. Edited by Suzanne M. Miller and Mary B. McVee (2012) New York and London, Routledge. pp. 161 ISBN: 978-415-89747-1
Intensive Writing Institute for Second Language Writers
Authors: Tomaš Zuzana , Gardett Marie Isabel , Jensen Erin
Published: March 2015

This article discusses the design and evaluation of an intensive writing institute developed for students new to universities and colleges in the United States. In its first year, the program consisted of a hybrid (part online and part onsite) writing-intensive course which offered a brief but focused introduction to the writing and reading strategies necessary for success in U.S. universities and colleges, with an emphasis on reading complex texts like those which the students would encounter in content courses and on writing and revising completed compositions. Cultural differences and institutional expectations were also addressed in the course. Beyond the formal instruction, participating second language writers, all of whom were Chinese, were provided with extracurricular opportunities to interact with their professors in informal situations. Implications for preparing new international students for writing demands in university settings are discussed.
Rethinking Creative Writing in Higher Education Programs and Practices That Work Stephanie Vanderslice (2011)
Authors: Valeri Laura
Published: March 2015

Rethinking Creative Writing in Higher Education Programs and Practices That Work Stephanie Vanderslice (2011) Ely, U.K.: Professional and Higher Partnership Ltd. pp.143 ISBN-13, 978-1907076312
Three Books in the New Writing Viewpoints Series
Authors: Pennington Martha C
Published: March 2015

Negotiating the Personal in Creative Writing Carl Vandermeulen (2011) ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-437-9. Pp. xx + 229 The Creativity Market Creative Writing in the 21st Century Dominique Hecq (ed.) (2012) ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-709-7. Pp. xiv + 229 Key Issues in Creative Writing Dianne Donnelly and Graeme Harper (eds.) (2013) ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-846-9. Pp. xxvi + 182
Thinking like a Writer
Authors: Crank Virginia
Published: March 2015

Close examination of one first-year composition student’s portfolio of process materials for an advertisement analysis assignment reveals that an early attachment to an idea and a poor understanding of audience can prevent students from developing as writers. I reflect on how greater attention to rhetorical genre theory can provide new directions for prewriting activities and strategies that may help students move beyond thinking only from the perspective of the school essay.
The Many Faces of Feedback on Writing
Authors: Eisenstein Ebsworth Miriam
Published: March 2015

This article traces the development of feedback from comments on product alone to the interactive process-oriented approaches that are currently the state of the art. A range of variables that impact how feedback is given and received are considered. Attention is also paid to feedback givers, their beliefs, philosophies, and practices along with a critical view of language varieties and the roles they play in teachers’ evaluation of writing. Finally, the evolution of written feedback to incorporate the development of online technologies brings us to the present time and an exploration of their use and efficacy.
Feedback for Adolescent Writers in the English Classroom
Authors: Ware Paige
Published: March 2015

This study examined the impact of different forms of feedback on the writing of a group of 82 adolescent students in secondary English classes. During a 6-week intervention, students were randomly assigned to one of three feedback groups: peer feedback on pen-and-paper drafts, teacher feedback delivered electronically through a course management system, and automated feedback generated through computer-based writing evaluation software. Pre- and post-measures of student writing quality, length, and correctness were analyzed, and survey data explored student perceptions of their experiences. Findings indicate that all students, regardless of which form of feedback they received, wrote longer essays and scored higher on holistic ratings at post test than they did at pretest. Neither language status nor group assignment had a greater or lesser impact on performance on length or holistic quality. However, differences between feedback groups spiked on the proximal measure that examined mastery of particular aspects of the genre being taught. Both peer feedback and teacher feedback delivered electronically had a statistically significant impact on student performance in the genre of open-ended response. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research and instruction in the secondary context.
Influences on Teachers’ Corrective Feedback Choices in Second Language Writing
Authors: Hartshorn K James , Evans Norman W , Tuioti Emily Allen
Published: March 2015

As research on corrective feedback targeting linguistic accuracy in second language (L2) writing expands in scope and quality, we continue to gain insights about the effects of feedback on L2 writers. Nevertheless, comparatively little research has focused on the teachers themselves – those who make the pedagogical decisions about the use of feedback in the classroom. Thus, we have sought to better understand the variables that may shape practitioners’ choices about feedback targeting linguistic accuracy. The purpose of this study was to analyze learner, teacher, and situational variables that may influence correct feedback choices in the L2 classroom. Data were collected by means of an electronic survey distributed to over 1000 ESL/EFL writing teachers in 69 different nations. In addition to investigating the entire data set, we examined those practitioners who provide the most and least feedback targeting linguistic accuracy. We analyzed variables such as learner age, proficiency, purposes for language learning, the ESL/EFL context, and type of institution, as well as the teachers’ L1, level of education, academic background, years of experience, and professional responsibilities. A number of systematic differences between groups were observed. Explanations for these findings are explored and suggestions are given for future research.

Teacher attention to linguistic accuracy versus rhetorical instruction
English Language Learners’ Perceptions of the Usefulness of Types of Form-Focused Written Feedback
Authors: Haupt John , Bikowski Dawn
Published: March 2015

Providing English language learners with effective feedback on their writing is an issue facing many writing teachers. This article focuses on English language learners’ perceptions of both direct and indirect form-focused written feedback and how these perceptions might change over time. Forty-two advanced level students in an intensive English program at a large U.S. university participated in two surveys, one at the beginning of the term and one at the end. They were asked to rate and comment on the usefulness of five types of feedback (three indirect and two direct) for the purposes of both text revision and the learning of grammar and writing. Students perceived the feedback types that provide codes, comments, and/or explanations as being more useful overall in text revision than other forms of feedback. Findings indicate that students’ perceptions regarding the usefulness of feedback types changed throughout the course. Three areas of feedback that students focused on as their perceptions change are identified, as are reasons why students did or did not value each of the feedback types.
Peer Editing in College Composition
Authors: Keeley Sarah
Published: March 2015

Peer editing is a method used by English teachers to actively involve students in the writing process and to facilitate the development of the final draft of an essay. Controversy regarding the effectiveness of peer editing is prevalent for both instructors and students. The purpose of this paper is to share results of a classroom study that focuses on the effectiveness of peer editing practices in 2-year college composition classes. This review reveals the outcomes of several methods of peer editing, addresses both the difficulties and benefits of this process, and examines how to adapt the experience to meet the individual needs of each classroom environment.

Peer Editing: A Single Review

Peer Editing Worksheet

Peer Editing Workshop: Groups of Three
Who Wins?
Authors: Harper Rebecca G.
Published: March 2015

Common Core Standards involve an increased emphasis on non-fiction reading and writing. Across grade bands, students are expected to read and compose a variety of non-fiction texts as well as develop age appropriate research skills. With this in mind, the author worked with a 1st grade teacher to use Jerry Pallotta’s Who Would Win? series in a class non-fiction writing project that was standards-based. The class consisted of a wide range of ability levels, so the author and teacher frequently used cooperative learning strategies throughout the entire process. Using the series as a model, the students were guided through the writing process, from pre-writing to publishing, with the culminating activity being a meeting with Pallotta where students presented him with their class authored Who Would Win? book. As a result of the writing unit, students were able to experience non-fiction texts on a variety of levels and craft a quality piece of literature that was authentic, relevant, and personal.
Estimating the Biomass of Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Derived from Simulated Landsat 5 TM
Authors: Robles Wilfredo , Madsen John D. , Wersal Ryan M.
Published: March 2015

Waterhyacinth is a free-floating aquatic weed that is considered a nuisance worldwide. Excessive growth of waterhyacinth limits recreational use of water bodies as well as interferes with many ecological processes. Accurate estimates of biomass are useful to assess the effectiveness of control methods to manage this aquatic weed. While large water bodies require significant labor inputs with respect to ground-truth surveys, available technology like remote sensing could be capable of providing temporal and spatial information from a target area at a much reduced cost. Studies were conducted at Lakes Columbus and Aberdeen (Mississippi) during the growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 over established populations of waterhyacinth. The objective was to estimate biomass based on nondestructive methods using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 5 TM simulated data. Biomass was collected monthly using a 0.10m2 quadrat at 25 randomly-located locations at each site. Morphometric plant parameters were also collected to enhance the use of NDVI for biomass estimation. Reflectance measurements using a hyperspectral sensor were taken every month at each site during biomass collection. These spectral signatures were then transformed into a Landsat 5 TM simulated data set using MatLab® software. A positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.28) was found between measured biomass of waterhyacinth and NDVI values from the simulated dataset. While this relationship appears weak, the addition of morphological parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) and leaf length enhanced the relationship yielding an r2 = 0.66. Empirically, NDVI saturates at high LAI, which may limit its use to estimate the biomass in very dense vegetation. Further studies using NDVI calculated from narrower spectral bands than those contained in Landsat 5 TM are recommended.
Weed Suppression Success Can Depend on Removal Pattern and Gene Dispersal Distance: Modeling Callery Pear
Authors: Pelikan Stephan , Heywood Sam N. , Rogstad Steven H.
Published: March 2015

Substantial resources are spent each year on weed control, but in many cases eradication projects are incomplete. Here we used the computer program NEWGARDEN to model whether alternate geometric patterns of incomplete removal (99% removed) of the increasingly invasive Callery pear from an isolated fragment differentially affect the rate of population recovery and genetic diversity retention. Geometric patterns of remaining founders within the fragment (1% of the fragment area) included: (A) a long rectangular strip centered on one edge; (B) a square at one corner; (C) a central square; or (D) scattered randomly throughout the entire fragment. Population re-growth and genetic diversity retention measures for each geometric removal pattern were modeled under two contrasting gene dispersal patterns (via both offspring and pollen): short versus long dispersal (both leptokurtic relative to the pistillate plant). After 14 bouts of mating, the greatest difference in census size among comparative recovery populations amounted to 393% (centered founders, long gene dispersal > scattered founders, short gene dispersal). The best pattern of removal for suppressing population regrowth was to leave founders scattered throughout the fragment when gene dispersal was short, or at one corner if gene dispersal was long. The only removal pattern that differed substantially in population genetics characteristics was when remnant individuals were left scattered throughout the fragment and dispersal was short (alleles continued to be lost; observed heterozygosity dropped 13.3% and was still rapidly declining; and inbreeding and/or subdivision were moderate (Fit= 0.12) and still rapidly increasing). Such comparative modeling can be used to suggest removal patterns that might greatly outperform other removal modalities in terms of suppressing the return of weed populations. The effectiveness of such modeling will be improved by acquisition of accurate life history information of targeted species.
Digital imaging 2D and 3D particle assessment using a flat-bed scanner
Authors: True Graham , Searle David , Khatib Jamal
Published: March 2015

Aggregate particles are the main component of concrete and macadam bound highway pavements. Aggregate shape, texture and angularity characteristics are highly influential on production and performance in service of concrete and macadam, as well as influencing production costs. Although there are numerous methods of assessing particle shape, dating back more than 100 years, there is still no definitive three-dimensional (3D) means of testing and characterising particle shape for aggregates used in construction. This paper provides a review of various shape factors as well as two-dimensional (2D) shape classification charts. A method is described utilising a flat-bed desktop scanner to provide 2D images of aggregate particles, which provide an efficient and rapid means of comparing any aggregate source shape characteristics against calibrated visual shape charts. The method uses three particle shape factors: percentage concavity, aspect ratio and Riley circularity. The method has been extended by suspending, rotating and scanning aggregate particles to provide binary silhouette images at rotation intervals in all three orthogonal axes; collectively, these can provide a 3D particle shape classification. This method could be used to classify aggregate shape, as an on-going check on shape variation, and as a means of comparing and assessing potential recycled materials for construction use.
TRANSNATIONAL BUSINESS IN VIEW OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY (THEORETICAL ASPECTS)
Authors: Vafina N. H.
Published: March 2015

In view of the controversial nature of the transnational enterprise activity, it becomes relevant the development of monitoring mechanisms, system analysis, the control of processes of the production transnationalization from an economic security position. In the given article it is described the features of state influence on transnational business for national economic interests. It is identified the conditions for effective regulation of the processes of product transnationalization under the increasing of the economic instability.
STABLE FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES: THE MAIN MECHANISMS, PRINCIPLES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
Authors: Ryakhovskaya A. N.
Published: March 2015

We analyze the influence of the annual increase in tariff rates for housing services and utilities on the financial condition of enterprises of this sector of the economy, the renovation of their main funds and communal infrastructure; the necessity of works aimed at the renovation and modernization of the main funds of the objects of the communal infrastructure is motivated. It is shown how big the need for a strategy of a stable functioning and development of the industry is, the need for the development of the main principles and evaluation criteria of its implementation, indicators of the level of the achievement of the desired goal and directions of perfection of the state regulation of housing services and utilities with the strengthening of regulatory functions. A special attention is paid to the development of the investment strategy of public utilities and to the change of the adjustmentmechanism of current tariff rates.
THE WAYS OF OVERCOMING SYSTEMIC CRISIS OF MILITARY INDUSTRY (THE CASE OF SEVERODVINSK CITY)
Authors: Novikov A. V.
Published: March 2015

The article is devoted to main problems of Russian military industry enterprises, where as an example the shipbuilding companies of Severodvinsk city are represented. The crisis development is historically observed as well as the current situation. The main attention is paid to clusters forming mechanisms, where clusters are to be formed on the smart basis of restructuring and merging of companies and their parts, processes. The restructuring levels and kinds are presented.
SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A SYSTEM ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AND A RESOURCE THEORY OF CRISES OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Kovan S. E. , Beresin K. A.
Published: March 2015

The approaches of the resource theory of crises and contingency plan administration have been developed in respect of town-forming organizations of non-diversified centers of population. The introduced economic models let identify and substantiate the emergence of contradictions among economic and social systems, connected by joint activities, in single-industry towns. These problems are expected to be solved through the development of corporate legislation, where it is necessary to settle issues of interdependence, partnership and responsibility not only of legal entities, but also of business groups.
RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCIAL RECOVERY PROCEDURE IN THE CASES OF BANKRUPTCY
Authors: Mironova A. N.
Published: March 2015

The analysis of financial recovery, the least studied bankruptcy procedure, based on pre-selected statistics of court practice on insolvency (bankruptcy). Used the results of research aimed at identifying the main problems of practical implementation of financial recovery procedures and the search for possible ways to resolve them.
IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS OF PRE-TRIAL FINANCIAL RECOVERY OF DEBTORS UNDER THE CONTROL OF CREDITORS
Authors: Alferov V. N.
Published: March 2015

In law enforcement challenge in the case of bankruptcy of the debtor payments in the performance of obligations under the loan agreements arise cases which may lead to complication and expensive credit borrowers. The work considers the causes of default by the debtor during the insolvency and foreign experience in crisis management under the control of the lender, which is proposed to use in the Russian legislation on bankruptcy in order to pre-trial financial rehabilitation of debtors.
PUBLIC PROGRAMS AS AN INSTRUMENT CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN ONE-COMPANY TOWNS
Authors: Ryakhovskaya А. N. , Kryukova О. G.
Published: March 2015

General approaches and methodological aspects of the efficiency evaluation system of the public programs implementation in one-company towns are grounded here. Based on the developed principles we can develop a system of factors which will take into account the programs specific character, their purposes and tasks, and will improve the efficiency of their implementation control process.
SYSTEM OF SOLVENCY INDICATORS IN FINANCIAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Tolpegina O. A.
Published: March 2015

The problems of the indicators’ system defining the company’s ability to pay in due time is analysed, while ensuring the activities with necessary financial resources. The method of analysis includes number of indicators which evaluate the potential of the debtor at various stages of crisis.
ASSESSMENT OF MARKET VOLATILITY DYNAMICS IN THE PERIODS OF SYSTEMIC INSTABILITIES
Authors: Denezhkina I. E. , Martirosyan G. N. , Popov V. YU. , Shapoval A. B.
Published: March 2015

The new method of estimation of the values of the VaR using the modified GARCH model is presented, effectively assessing risks as in the quiet periods of financial market and at the same time the system instabilities.To check the efficiency of the estimation of the VaR used for statistics, calculated as on total time interval, and in the sliding window. Results of local and global use of these statistics are in good agreement with each other, with the statistics computed in sliding window provide information about the uniformity of the effectiveness of calculating VaR. In particular, the effectiveness of the assessment of VaR practically did not change during the periods of the significant rise in prices in comparison with the «quiet» periods.
COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE DEBTOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Rudakova O. Yu. , Rudakova T. A.
Published: March 2015

The state of national innovation systems of Russia and EU countries in the context of these systems elements interaction with industrial enterprises is analyzed in the article. It is determined that it is necessary to significantly increase the role of enterprises in the national innovation system and the enterprises should keep to the proactive innovation policy for the long-term stable development of the Russian economics.
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF CUSTOMS CONTROL
Authors: Shevchuk O. A.
Published: March 2015

Methods to improve the efficiency of customs control through the use of modern forms of organization and security are examined. One of the main fundamental change of priorities in the customs work, which is the truest possible the customs legislation of Ukraine to the EU customs legislation, is to simplify customs control through the introduction of risk analysis and management.
FINANCIAL RECOVERY PROCEDURES FOR ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA: SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS OF EFFICIENCY
Authors: Gareev A. R.
Published: March 2015

We provide the analysis of the practice of rehabilitative bankruptcy procedures in Russia, describe the main causes of the ineffectiveness of such procedures and propose the possible improvements concerning the institutional environment of the rehabilitation proceedings of bankruptcy and monitoring the financial condition of companies.
INNOVATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH A BRANCH NETWORK
Authors: Kryukov М. А.
Published: March 2015

Problems of control over subdivisions of a branch network are regarded; an algorithm of the implementation of a system of control over subdivisions is suggested, as well as implementation variations of modern methods of recording of interactions between the head office and the branch network, such as transfer pricing and costs allocation.An algorithm of system construction of effect monitoring of subdivisions of the branch network is described; in its terms a set of key performance indicators, supplemented by the use of clustering analysis in order to reduce the number of analyzed objects and reveal general trends of the development of subdivision groups, is offered. The described algorithms and methods may be implemented in organizations with a branch network in order to improve the efficiency of subdivisions management of the branch network and sustainability of the organization.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR FINANCIAL REHABILITATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Mironova A. N.
Published: March 2015

A methodology for developing a financial rehabilitation plan and a debts repayment schedule is presented, which may be applied during the procedure of financial rehabilitation of an organization engaged in the industrial sector. The structure of the financial rehabilitation plan and a template of the debts repayment schedule for industrial enterprises is presented, a developed algorithm with the formulae for calculation of precedence of repayment of the creditor’s demands in the form of a flowchart is presented, a formula for calculation of the total amount of the due debt is adjusted, and the feasibility of developing the financial rehabilitation plan is substantiated, whether or not the obligations performance is secured.
ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL PRACTICE BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Tolpegina О. А.
Published: March 2015

Features of the application of bankruptcy procedures are considered in terms of accepted Russian insolvency laws since 1992, when the newly resurfaced institution of insolvency, and to date. Assessing the impact of the global financial crisis has shown that Russia's crisis was a determining factor in mass bankruptcies.
8. A JUSTIÇA ACIMA DO MOVIMENTO DO CETRO
Authors: FELDENS Guilherme De Oliveira
Published: March 2015

O presente artigo tem como objeto analisar a necessária relação entre Direito e justiça na obra O mercador de Veneza de Shakespeare. A partir do julgamento do judeu Shylock, o texto analisa os principais discursos proferidos pelos personagens em tribunal, objetivando  visualizar o fundamento da moral e da justiça presente na obra
3. SOBRE DIREITOS E A HUMANIDADE DO DIREITO N’O MERCADOR DE VENEZA
Authors: SELAYARAM Renato
Published: March 2015

Resumo: O artigo procura analisar os aspectos jurídicos da clássica obra de Shakespeare e a complexa relação entre seus personagens. A influência do direito e da moral, vislumbrando suas diferentes nuances, especialmente Shylock - um dos personagens mais atraentes do teatro de todos os tempos.
6. A CLÁUSULA PENAL APOSTA NO CONTRATO DE FIANÇA A TÍTULO DE GARANTIA DO CONTRATO DE EMPRÉSTIMO NA MODALIDADE DE MÚTUO, A PARTIR DA OBRA DE SHAKESPEARE, O MERCADOR DE VENEZA
Authors: ISERHARD Antônio Maria Rodrigues de Freitas
Published: March 2015

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a cláusula penal aposta no contrato de fiança a título de garantia do contrato de empréstimo na modalidade de mútuo, com vistas a uma contribuição à hermenêutica jurídica na arte de  interpretação, integração e aplicação do direito dos contratos, a partir da obra de Shakespeare, O Mercador de Veneza.
10. ADMIRÁVEL MUNDO NOVO E A CRISE DA DOGMÁTICA
Authors: WIEDEMANN NETO Ney
Published: March 2015

o presente artigo é uma análise reflexiva sobre a obra literária de Aldoux Huxley, Admirável Mundo Novo, e sua relação com a crise da dogmática
7. CONDICIONAMENTO, LIBERDADE, E PRIVACIDADE: COMPREENDENDO AS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS POR MEIO DO "DMIRÁVEL MUNDO NOVO"
Authors: GOULART Guilherme Damasio
Published: March 2015

Este artigo trata sobre alguns aspectos jurídicos do uso das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) tendo como ponto de partida o livro “Admirável Mundo Novo” de Aldous Huxley. São abordadas situações envolvendo tais tecnologias, principalmente as redes sociais, que demonstram como elas podem afetar negativamente a liberdade e a privacidade das pessoas. Também é feito um diálogo com outros autores, tanto da área do direito quanto da sociologia, para demonstrar a atualidade e a importância da obra de Huxley para a melhor compreensão do problema.