bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modelling of Compressive Strength of Concrete on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Ma’arif Faqih , Gao Zhengguo , Li Feng
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the compressive strength of concrete in a 3-dimensional contact problem using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). This method was chosen because it can simulate the development of a single fracture up to massive fragmentation, including cracks pattern and coalition. The experimental test consisted of four cubes with 150x150x150 mm in dimensions, the constant of axial load applied to each specimen of 0.05Po up to 0.70Po. The data analysis has been carried out in Discrete Element and opensource three-dimensional code (YADE). The spherical Particles were used to the material models of concrete cubes. The pulse velocity parameter proposed to determine the behavior of the material during loading. The DEM and pulse velocity results illustrate the conformity of the relationship between stress and strain, deformation characteristics, and compressive strength of concrete.
Heat Transfer Optimization of end Winding Rotor Generator by the Use of Modified Axial Spacer: A Case Study
Authors: Baskoro Y , Jaya I , Glowacz A , Sulowicz M , Caesarendra W
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a case study of a rotor fault occurring in the rotor generator of a steam power plant located in Lontar, Banten Province, Indonesia. The steam power plant has 3 x 315 MV capacity and uses hydrogen in the cooling system. The issue arising during the operation was caused by heat transfer exceeding the normal level. The grounding of the rotor occurred through rising vibration and temperature, tripping the generator unit. During repairs, the axial spacer was replaced with a new model, where it is longer than the original, adding a bar spacer at a previously unavailable position and creating a cooling track profile. This is a case study on the replacement of the axial spacer model aimed at preventing the expansion of the winding, so as not to touch with each other, through the installation of a longer axial spacer and the addition of the spacer bar, and lastly adding the track profile to the cooling hydrogen gas flow thereby maximizing the cooling process from the end winding rotor generator. Heat transfer is an analysed parameter related to the model change of the axial spacer. The addition of a track cooling gas flow has been able to maximize the heat transfer process, which is simulated in this paper. The performance of the rotor generator increased through several parameters after the replacement of the axial spacer model.
Occupational noise exposure and the effects on blood pressure of grass-cutting workers
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Afiqah , Ibrahim Tengku Azmina , Sulaiman Fazrul Razman , Ismail Ismaniza
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify the determinants of key forces in the external and internal environment of event management to propose a sustainable environment analysis framework that will help organizers to improve the sustainability of the strategy formulation. The proposed framework incorporates sustainability practices, previous research on sustainable event management, existing strategies of sustainable strategic management, and the results from this study. This framework has adopted PEST Analysis (a framework used to analyse and monitor macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization’s performance) in external environment analysis and Mckinsey 7s Framework in internal environment analysis to identify sustainable-related determinants of key forces to propose common sustainable practices to get common acceptance for sustainability. The identified determinants were applied in the proposed framework to guide event organizer when identifying key forces of external and internal environment which can influence to achieve sustainability in the event. On top of this, SWOT Analysis (a strategic planning technique used to help an organization to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat related to business competition) was adopted to help event organizers to identify the opportunities and threats in the external environment and understand the strengths and weakness of the organization to formulate effective sustainable strategies and move their events toward sustainability.
A comparative analysis between traditional malay house and terraced house in energy conservation
Authors: Johari Muhammad Naqiuddin , Said Shahrul Yani
Published: March 2021

Malaysia’s population has been steadily increasing thus resulting in higher demand in residential housing. Modern housing design perceived as neglecting our local traditions, climate and context, cutting ourselves off from our past architectural heritage, which was highly practical with applications of passive design elements. The traditional Malay houses were exceptionally well designed to suit the warm and humid Malaysian climate and for the multifunctional use of space compared to terraced houses. This research aims to compare the energy conservation between traditional Malay house and terraced house from thermal comfort and lighting perspective. It studies on traditional Malay house (TMH) specifically ‘Rumah Bumbung Panjang’ as representative of climate response building. In contrast, the modern terraced house (TH) was represented by modern building that use artificial and mechanical lighting and ventilation to achieve thermal and lighting comfort. This research bases on data collected using a multifunction anemometer that includes illuminance levels, temperature and relative humidity. The data then tabulated and analysed. The research suggested that adaptation of traditional Malay house architectural elements would increase energy efficiency in terraced houses, thus conserved more energy. It also indicated that traditional Malay house could be easily adapted in the design of modern terraced houses and improved to meet the requirements of modern living.
Theoretical model of solar thermoelectric generator for heat and power generation
Authors: Abu Bakar R , Singh B S Bhathal , Remeli M F , Ong K S
Published: March 2021

Solar energy can be harnessed to produce thermal and electrical energy. With regard to this, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is a well-known solar technology that is used to convert from solar energy to electrical energy. Nevertheless, Solar PV efficiency drops as the solar PV panel temperature increases. Another way to generate electricity from the solar energy is to use Solar Thermoelectric Generator (STEG). STEG is a hybrid technology between solar thermal collector and Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). A main advantage of STEG is it can produce thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. In this study, a theoretical model was developed to predict the STEG output and performance. An STEG model which consists of an Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Collector (ETHPSC), four water cooling jackets and four TEGs, was set up in this study. In order to determine whether the theoretical model is accurate enough for the prediction, a comparison was carried out between the theoretical and experimental data. Based on the result, the comparison provides a good correlation between the former and the latter and the highest error obtained is less than 20%.
Evaluation of selected herbs for biocontrol of Rice Blast Disease
Authors: Nabila Nur Hidayatur , Ramli Neni Kartini Che Mohd , Yunus Nor Yuziah , Md Latip Siti Noor Hajjar
Published: March 2021

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. It kills seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage. The most common practice controlling method is using chemical fungicide, however there are several negative impact of using synthetic chemicals to the human consumption as well as to the environment. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted to find other alternative methods to control blast disease by using plant extracts from family Zingiberaceae which are Alpinia galangal, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale. Screening for antifungal activities of these plant extracts were done in vitro on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). After 7 days of treatment, result showed that crude extracts of Alpinia galangal hexane crude extract exhibited strong inhibitory against Pyricularia oryzae with the highest percentage of inhibition 52.9%, followed by Curcuma longa hexane crude extract with 49.1% and Zingiber officinale methanol crude extract with 43.5% inhibition. The antifungal activities may be due to the presence of some chemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, gylcosides, flavonoids and terpenes that been proved thru phytochemical test. However, further trial such as field trial is necessary to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of these extracts to control rice blast disease under field condition.
Structural and electronic properties of nickel doped cobalt oxide electrode for supercapacitors: A first principle study
Authors: Zaki N H M , Ali A M M , Yaakob M K , Taib M F M , Hassan O H , Lepit A. , Yahya M Z A
Published: March 2021

On the basis of ab initio calculation, we reported the structural and electronic properties of the nickel (Ni) substitution on the cobalt oxide (Co3O4) to produce nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) using generalized gradient approximation + U parameter (GGA + U) calculation method. The spinel NiCo2O4 with half-metallic behaviour has a relatively small band gap ∼0.64eV which is spotted decreased from pure Co3O4 band gap 1.26eV. This is due to nickel doping decreased the band gap which also implies that an increase in electrical conductivity. Owing to good electrical conductivity, NiCo2O4 thus enables to be considered for application in supercapacitor. Analysis of the partial density of states (PDOS) shows the differences contributions of cobalt (Co) at the tetrahedral site (Td) and Ni at the conduction bands: Co(Td) ions not affected the majority spin which is in contrast with Ni ions.
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Trace Organic Contaminants with Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Wang Yiding
Published: March 2021

Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in water environment such as pesticides, personal care products (PPCPs), and industrial materials have the characteristics including low concentration, wide distribution range, stable chemical structure. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a new biological treatment method. The device combines the advantages of membrane filtration technology and biological treatment process. What the performance of AnMBR for TrOCs removal should be noticed. Some research is focusing on this question, and most of research found that AnMBR has shown great promises in the application of the removal of TrOCs in wastewater treatment. This paper briefly overviews recent processes of different types of AnMBR for the removal of different types of TrOCs with the influence of kinds of factors such as temperature, salinity etc. We mainly discussed the construction of AnMBR, the classification of TrOCs, and the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of TrOCs, and the biogas production. For the types of AnMBRs, the removal efficiency of COD and TrOCs and biogas production are excellent. Also, the removal efficiency of TrOCs is very related to the types of the contaminants. AnMBR is not only a practical choice for TrOCs removal, but also a good choice for following sustainable development because of the good biogas production. In addition, challenges of the future research are discussed also at the end of this review to give other researchers new perspectives and ideas.
Optimization of Var-Voltage Regulation Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Inverter of Photovoltaic Power
Authors: Mu Cuo , Yan Mei , Quanlin Tao , Ling Zhu , Wenli Lin , Han Wang
Published: March 2021

With the continuous increase of installed capacity of large photovoltaic power stations, the light intensity and temperature changes of photovoltaic power generation units themselves will cause grid-connected voltage fluctuation or even beyond the limit, so large photovoltaic power stations must participate in voltage regulation control. To solve this problem, the voltage distribution characteristics of the photovoltaic power station are firstly analyzed quantitatively, and the analysis shows the voltages at the photovoltaic inverter buses are relevant with the impedance of the collecting lines, the voltage at the PCC point, the location of the photovoltaic unit, and the output power of the photovoltaic unit. Furthermore, our work proposes the reactive power distribution strategy and voltage control strategy of photovoltaic power station based on particle swarm algorithm, and the correctness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation, so as to ensure the rationality of the voltage control target of each photovoltaic inverters while taking into account the voltage of each photovoltaic unit.
A Comparative Study on Nitrate Contents in Vegetables between Northern Part of China and the Watershed of Lake Tega in Japan
Authors: Liu Huan , Huang Guangwei
Published: March 2021

Humankind is continuously exposed to nitrate through water and food. Excessive intake of nitrate could lead to health problems. Among the food products consumed by human beings, both fresh and processed vegetables are the major source of dietary nitrate intake. In this study, investigations on nitrate contents in vegetables are conducted in the northern part of China and the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan. Four groups of vegetables, leafy, brassica, root and tuber, and fruiting, were sampled for testing. The study focuses on the differences of the nitrate distributions in various crops. As a developed country, Japan has a much stricter regulation on the utilization of nitrogen in fertilizers, with a recommended yield goal N rate of 250 kg/ha/year. Whereas in China, the recommended N rate is 450 kg/ha/year. Meanwhile, the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan has an average annual precipitation of 1348 mm, which is much higher than the Northern part of China. High concentration of nitrate was found in vegetables grown in both Northern China and the watershed of Lake Tega, although the social and environmental conditions are drastically different in these two regions.
Flood Risk Assessment in Small Watershed Based on Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Lv Yangzhi , Liu Shuguang , Zhong Guihui
Published: March 2021

Flood system is a complex system affected by many control factors and has typical system characteristics, such as irreversibility, fuzzy characteristics, gray characteristics, etc. Catastrophe theory is a well developed singularity theory, which has been initially applied in some leaping disaster systems. However, in the field of flood risk management, the application of catastrophe theory is relatively few. In this paper, a small watershed in the mountainous area of southwest China is taken for an example. The catastrophe assessment theory is adopted to conduct flood risk assessment. By analyzing the characteristics of the flood system and selecting flood risk factors, the flood risk assessment index system is established and the catastrophe theory flood risk assessment model is conducted, thus conducting flood risk zoning and management according to the assessment result, which provides a new reliable method for flood risk assessment and offers foundation for disaster reduction department.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Microbend River with Vegetation on the Slope
Authors: Yuan Y , Zhao J Q , Xie W , Luo P A
Published: March 2021

The flow pattern of the water with vegetation is complex. For the micro-bend channel which has compound cross-sections and has vegetation on the slope, the situation is more complex. This paper measures and analyses the hydraulic characteristics of the micro-bend channel with trapezoidal cross-sections and with vegetation on the slope,by using the ACM2-RS electromagnetic flow meter. The influence of vegetation structure changes on the hydraulic characteristics are further analysed, which includes flow velocity distribution, turbulence intensity and channel roughness. Studies have shown that, with the decrease of the rigidity of vegetation density, the sinuosity of the hydrodynamic axis increases, the longitudinal velocity of each section in the main channel has an obvious trend of decrease. Besides, the longitudinal and lateral turbulence intensity keeps constant in the main channel, have obvious decreasing trends on the slopes. In addition, river manning roughness coefficient increases with the increase of rigid vegetation density.
Simulation and Optimization of Machining Time During Milling AISI P20 Steel
Authors: Sumbodo W , Kriswanto  , Jamari J
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a simulation and optimization of machining time during milling of AISI P20 steel using the Taguchi method. The simulation was conducted using the L9 orthogonal array on a Swansoft CNC Simulation with the Fanuc OiM operating system. Milling simulations provide faster time and lower cost of getting machining time data compared to experiments on actual machines. The cutting tool uses a 12mm flat endmill and 4 number of flutes. Machining simulation parameters on surface finishing are speed, feed rate, and width of cut (WoC), while the depth of cut remains. NC programs, according to zigzag, paralel spiral, and constant overlap spiral toolpath strategies. The parameters of speed and feed rate have been calculated based on WoC values (5%, 10%, and 20%) of the AISI P20 steel material. The lowest machining time from each toolpath strategy is generated from WoC 20%, 3032 RPM speed, and 2286 mm min−1 feed rate. Setting these parameters on the three toolpaths simulated gets the lowest machining time. The toolpath strategies that provide the lowest machining time are the constant overlap spiral namely 1.62 min or 1 min 37 seconds. ANOVA analysis on various toolpaths found that the WoC and feed rate were significant factors (P less than 5%) affecting machining time, while the speed factor exceeded P probability (5%). The calculation of the S/N Ratio on various toolpath strategies shows that the width of cut is ranked 1, feed rate as ranked 2, and speed is ranked 3 affected the machining time.
Optimization of milling parameters to increase surface quality and machining time of the bohler m303 extra
Authors: Kriswanto  , Sumbodo W , Aryadi W , Jamari J
Published: March 2021

Bohler M303 Extra is a material commonly used in plastic injection molds. Improving the surface quality of molded products through the CNC process can reduce production costs by eliminating the polishing and finishing process. Reduction of production costs can also be achieved by decreasing machining time. This paper deals with surface quality optimization and machining time optimization from a variety of toolpath strategies, feed rates, and depth of cut. The machine parameters experiments were based on the L9 orthogonal array of taguchi method. The NC program was generated from the MasterCAM® software and experiments using a Sinumeric 802S/C CNC milling machine. The tool used was Carbide End Mill with TiAlN Coat 12 mm in diameter, with a total of 4 Flutes. The ANOVA results show that the parameters of the toolapth strategy, feed rate, and depth of cut do not have a significant effect on surface quality, but the feed rate parameters have a significant effect on the value of machining time. The result of the S/N ratio calculation places the toolpath strategies parameter as the 1st rank which affects the surface quality while the feed rate parameter is the 1st rank which affects the machining time. The calculation of the s/n ratio also shows that the lower the feed rate value is, the better the surface quality, but the greater the machining time value. Machine parameter setting that gets the optimum surface quality is not the one that produces the lowest or highest machining time values.
The effectiveness of disinfectant spraying based on drone technology
Authors: Andrasto T , Arief U M , Subiyanto  , Sukamta S , Sulistyawan V N , Sarwono E , Alfian A A , Wicaksono P , Amelia P N , Putra A D H
Published: March 2021

The disinfectant spraying activity includes a part of efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Spraying is usually done by manual method. This condition results in uneven spraying and it takes a long time. So, automatic disinfectant sprayers is the way to resolve this problem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of disinfectant spray devices based on drones. The application of automation is obtained from the use of drone technology and testing the spraying in interval time. This research is conducted by using a drone design study method and field testing. The design of the drone as a spray tool is based on the basic assembled X6 tarot framework. The drone that will be used later can lift up to 6 kg as a maximum weight. The design stage begins by conducting a literature study of the type of control use. Control settings are made by calibrating the device to the drone’s load to obtain the maximum movement. The use of drones for spraying disinfectant liquid is done by taking off using the flying mode automatically regulated through the Mission Planner software. The results showed that the prototype drone uses a 6-liter tank capacity with a flight time of 6-8. In this case, the use of drones as disinfectant sprayers can facilitate spraying activities and cut down on application time.
Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone PV system: a case study of public street lighting for remote area in Indonesia
Authors: Ajiwiguna T A , Qurthobi A
Published: March 2021

Stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) system is mostly required for the remote areas where the electricity is limited or not available from the grid. This study presents the simplified method to design system and analyse the economic aspect of the stand-alone PV system. The case study of providing electricity for public street lighting using PV system for remote area in Indonesia was conducted. First, the size of PV system was estimated based on the daily electricity consumption and the peak solar hour (PSH) on the site location of the project, so the requirements of the components were obtained. Second, the components selection was performed by surveying the information from the components manufacturers which met with the requirement of the system. Third, economic analysis was performed by considering the capital cost and the final specific energy electric cost. The public street lighting used 80 W lamp and was operated for 12 hours per day. The result showed that the total capital cost for the system was 8,031,400 IDR (551 USD) and the final specific energy cost at 1,960 IDR/kWh (0.13 USD/kWh). The largest portion of capital cost was for the battery as energy storage which took 38% of the total capital cost.
Comparison of CFL lights and led lights reviewed from the side of the price, strong light and heat caused
Authors: Hudallah N , Isdiyarto  , Sukamta S , Nashiroh P K , Harlanu M , Purbawanto S
Published: March 2021

Electrical energy has become a major requirement in supporting daily activities. The use of electricity in the community is increasing, while the supply of electrical energy is limited. Natural resources in the form of petroleum, coal as the main raw material in producing electrical energy are running low. Therefore, it is necessary to think of alternative solutions to save the use of electrical energy and one solution that can be done is to conserve energy. Energy conservation can be done in various ways, one of which is to use energy efficiently following needs. Electric lights are one of the objects being studied in the conservation of electrical energy. This study aims to examine the energy conservation in the use of electrical energy for lighting needs, namely the efficiency of CFL lamps (Compact Fluorescent Lamp), and LED lamps (Light Emitting Diodes) in terms of price, electricity consumption, and environmental heat generated. The research methodology used is an experiment by selecting and treating the lamp that is the object of research. The choice is based on the price of the lamp and the treatment that is done includes the provision of electric voltage and measured lighting intensity and the resulting ambient temperature. The results of the study are 1). the average price of CFL lamps is cheaper than LED lights. 2). strong lighting produced by the LED lights is greater (6.92 Lux/Watt) compared to CFL lamps (1.003 Lux/Watt) and 3). Environmental heat by CFL lamps is higher (35.4 0C) than LED lights (33.0 0C) and 4). Based on overall variables: price, lighting strength, and lamp temperature, LED lights are superior, especially on the resulting lighting strength. For conservation purposes, select the type of lamp according to the allotment of space and the value of the importance of space. If the consideration is lower prices, choose CFL lamps, but if the consideration is stronger, bigger lighting, choose LED lights.
UniNeuro-HUDMOGA for advancing constrained optimization in double inverted pendulum
Authors: Al-Janan D H , Liu T-K , Hsueh P-W , Chang H-c , Widodo R D , Rusiyanto
Published: March 2021

This study aims for optimizing Double Inverted Pendulum (DIP) for swing then standing up within the stipulated time, and then can be stable even with any noise outside. The differences character outputs were applied to assess the robustness of proposed algorithm. This problem is worthy to examining, because in the controlling field, the stable position need in the matter of time; so then, the faster is the better sometime not necessary even dangerous. For example in comfortably of car’s suspension controlling system, the smoother suspension does not mean the faster stability, unless the comfortably never occurs. The difficulty is happened due to unknown model to optimize; it becomes the more complexity problem. In the real problem, even the model sometime cannot represent the whole of controlling system, especially in the controlling system. Facing the problem above, this study was succeeding for solving the problem via Uniform Design (UD) NeuralNetwork-Hybrid Multi Objectives Uniform Design Genetic Algorithm (UniNeuro-HUDMOGA). This proposed algorithm begins with 40 experiments designed by Uniform Design for generating predicting model (metamodel). Then, the metamodel is using for cost function in Hybrid UD Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (HUDMOGA) within UD, Pareto filtering and Euclidean distance together applies for enhancing the searching GA performance for search the best setting. Finally, the input setting recommendation is confirming using DIP equipment. As the result, the DIP can be controlled as correlated with the specification set. These results prove that the proposed algorithm can be applied to control a complex system that requires multi objectives.
Exergy analysis of renewable energy power plant with organic rankine cycle for regions outside Java Island
Authors: Rosyid H A
Published: March 2021

Considering the increase in national electricity demand by an average of 6% per year, especially for areas outside of Java that are far from the electricity grid, to meet the electricity needs generally use expensive Diesel Power Plants or small-scale steam power plants with low efficiency. On the other hand, outside of Java has the potential of abundant biomass and waste, which includes biomass from forest waste, plantations of more than 100,000,000 tons used as electrical energy will obtain greater than 1,000Mwe. The potential of this electrical energy will be able to support national energy supply especially in outside Java regions. while at present the performance of conventional steam power plant-small capacity below 5 Mw which has been installed. At this time the efficiency is still low at around 20%. So, we need an electric biomass fuel technology power plant that has better performance. In this analysis, it is proposed that an alternative solution is to use an Organic Rankine cycle-ORC power plant that uses organic working fluids that have lower evaporation temperatures than water. By using this ORC plant that uses n-Pentane as its organic working fluid, it is estimated that the efficiency can be greater than 25%, and environmentally more friendly.
Anhydrous tert-butanol production via extractive distillation using glycerol as an entrainer: technical performances simulation
Authors: Hartanto D , Fardhyanti D S , Laela N , Wulansarie R , Harianingsih  , Imani N A C , Chafidz A , Kusumaningtyas R D , Khoiroh I
Published: March 2021

tert-Butanol is widely used as a main solvent in the industries. The high purity of tert-butanol is required to fulfil the industrial standard for the solvent. Unfortunately, tert-butanol separation from water required a special distillation named extractive distillation due to the azeotropic point in the mixture. Thus, entrainer as a third component should be used to break the azeotropic point. Glycerol is one of the potential green entrainer used in the extractive distillation. The simulation of the extractive distillation using glycerol as entrainer for the separation of tert-butanol/water mixture was conducted in this study. The Aspen Plus Process Simulator V.10 was used to simulate the feasibility of the glycerol as an entrainer and determine the optimum operating condition of the extractive distillation and recovery column in the anhydrous tert-butanol production. The results show that the optimum configuration for the extractive distillation column design consists of the number of stages of 25, binary feed stage of 21, entrainer feed stage of 3, reflux ratio of 0.6, mixed feed temperature of 25°C, and an entrainer feed temperature of 45°C. The condenser and reboiler duties are -1171.04 kW and 1744.48 kW, respectively. Moreover, the tert-butanol purity with this configuration can be achieved up to 0.996 of mole fraction.
Utilization of pineapple leaf fiber (Ananas comosus) as material for false eyelashes production
Authors: Widowati T , Amalia N S A
Published: March 2021

Pineapple fibers are abundant natural fibers in Indonesia. Its utilization in the world of beauty still needs to be developed. The purpose of this research is to know the feasibility of using the pineapple leaf fiber as a material for making false eyelashes. This research uses the material of forest pineapple leaf fibers. The method of study used is a method of quantitative descriptive approach with the type of experimental research and perform the feasibility test of the utilization of pineapple leaf fiber as a material to make false eyelashes for party and to perform the test result of false eyelash for the party by utilizing pineapple leaf fiber as its manufacturing material. Results feasibility test of the utilization of pineapple leaf fiber as a material to manufacture false eyelashes for the party stated 87% very proper, the test results of false eyelash usage for a party 93% very proper
The economic aspect of batik stamp made of can waste
Authors: Syamwil R , Kartini
Published: March 2021

The traditional batik stamp (canting cap) is relatively expensive tool, made of copper. The lack and high price of copper made it difficult forbatik stampcrafter to market their products, and made alternative materials from wood and paper/cardboard. The weakness of wood and paper stamp is that the resulting rough motifs and not long lasting. The use of used can is environmentally friendly, assure sustainability by recycling waste of cans which causes environmental problems. This study departs from research on the innovation ofCantikbatik stamp made of biscuit can waste, focusing on the economic aspect of the innovations. This analysis was important to see the advantages and or weaknesses of the can stamp, as a basis for applying the research product in thebatik stamprafter community. Descriptive research was conducted for cost calculation, analysis of selling power, and service life. The cost of can batik stamp found cheaper than copper stamp, since the materials is low cost, though 21% copper content was still needed forisen-isen, ganjelan, and bajelan part. However the labor processing cost was equal. The processing time efficiency was lower, while level of difficulty in processing was higher, because cans are harder and more difficult to shape and cut compare with copper. The durability of the can batik stamp was lower than copper, because can is easily oxidized and corrosive, so it will be more difficult to maintain. The risk of rust can be reduced by processing the final stamp in hotgondorukem (resina colophonium). For long lasting product, the can stamp has to storage in a dry and low humidity place, in hung position.
Water meter for household customers with low water consumption in Perumda Surakarta
Authors: Diharto  , K Putra RM B S
Published: March 2021

Perumda Surakarta is a company that serves the water needs of the people in Surakarta. In 2018, Perumda Surakarta had 58871 customers. Household customers with very low or unrecorded water usage were 7000. Very low water consumption is water usage of less than 3 m3/month. Very low or unrecorded use of water has an impact on company revenues that decline. One of the causes of very low or unrecorded water use is abnormal water meter conditions. The aim is to determine whether water consumption is very low or not recorded. This research was carried out on the water meter condition for household customers in Perumda Surakarta. This research used a survey method with mWater application and data analysis using the SPSS application. The results showed that 5268 (75.26%) inhabited houses, while 1732 (24.74%) were not inhabited. 4766 (89.34%) inhabited houses have water meters, while those without water meters are 502 (9.53%). The inhabited houses that have normal water meters are 2504 (52.54%), while those with not normal water meters are 2262 (47.46%). The survey data also states that the inhabited houses with the water meter have a pipe leak before the water meter is 117 (2.45%) and that use a water source other than Perumda Surakarta is 3109 (65.23%).
Synthesis of cassava analog rice fortified with protein tempe flour using cold extrusion method
Authors: Putri R D A , Mahanani T A , Simatupang E F , Rohmah K A N , Lestari I P , Astuti W , Prasetiawan H
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is food diversification based on the optimal use of local foodstuffs of cassava and tempe flour, and to increase public food consumption pattern of non-rice food by making analog rice fortified with cassava flour and protein tempe flour using cold extrusion method as functional food for vegetarians. This research method consisted of manufacture of cassava flour; manufacture composite flour with ratio of cassava flour and tempe flour (45% : 5%, 40% : 10%, 35% : 15%) wt., synthesis of analog rice, and analog rice characteristics analysis. The parameters observed were proximate analysis which include of carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and water content analysis; fiber content analysis; water absorption analysis; bulk density analysis; and rehydration time analysis. The results of this research showed that the variables of 35% wt. of cassava flour and 15% wt. tempe flour results the best analog rice obtained 73,23% carbohydrate content; 18,97% protein content; 3,19% fat content; 1,87% water content; 2,44% ash content; 0,15% fiber content; with water absorption 121,8%; bulk density 0,5633g/ml; and rehydration time 7,1 minutes. it is necessary for technology in analog rice molding so that the products produced are more uniform and shaped like rice. It’s necessary to test the resistance of analog rice products.
Research on Grassland Ecological Environment Management Based on Symbiosis Theory——Take 33 Pure Animal Husbandry Banner Counties in Inner Mongolia as an Example
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ma Jun
Published: March 2021

Based on the analysis of the grassland ecological environment governance of the symbiotic three elements, namely symbiotic environment, symbiotic unit, symbiotic model. At the same time, it identifies the problems of the co-governance subjects in grassland ecological governance. Furthermore, it is proposed that the governance of grassland ecological environment requires the government, non-profit organizations, grassland ecological governance enterprises and herders to effectively realize grassland ecological environment governance based on mutual cooperation and complementary advantages under the guidance of symbiosis theory, and then promote the sound development of the grassland ecological environment.
Successful lmplementation of lnformation Strategies to Strengthen lmmunity in Air Pollution Environment
Authors: Lee Seong-Ran
Published: March 2021

This study is to successfully implement information strategies to strengthen immunity in air pollution environment. The data were collected from February 5 to April 16, 2019 for 128 people who visited the general hospital’s health examination center in the metropolitan area. The data were collected from February 5 to April 16, 2019 for 128 people who visited the health examination center in the general hospital in the metropolitan area. The application of information system to improve immunity in air pollution environment was analyzed as t-test. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, the information group drinking enough water every day was significantly higher than the non-information group drinking insufficiently (t=-1.64, p=.000). Secondly, the quality of sleep has continued to improve significantly since seven days before the application of the information system(p<.05). Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the prevention of diseases and the improvement of quality of life by strengthening immunity in the air pollution environment.
A Simple Theoretical Model for the Prevention of Respiratory Symptoms in Fine Dust Environments
Authors: Lee Seong-Ran
Published: March 2021

This study is a simple theoretical model for the prevention of respiratory symptoms in fine dust environments. The study was conducted on 116 patients who visited the respiratory clinic in Seoul from March 6 to May 7. It was classified as 58 before the new system was applied and 58 after the system was applied. The data were surveyed in a structured questionnaire. The difference in respiratory symptoms through the new system is calculated by t-test. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, the sore throat has improved significantly since the application of the new information system (t=5.29, p=.000). Secondly, coughing decreased significantly when radish was consumed daily than when it was not consumed. Thirdly, the new environment system has reduced respiratory symptoms by 22%. Through this study, we believe that the new environmental system will contribute to the treatment of other diseases as well as respiratory diseases.
Unified Control with fuzzy MPPT and PSO based Parameter Optimization for Single Stage PV System based on Energy Saving
Authors: Ismailou Abdoul Aziz , Wang Honghua , Lu Tianhang , Shi Fan , Wang Chengliang
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a unified control for single stage grid-connected system with non-linear load. The proposed control not only ensures power injection into the grid, but also shows its advantage of controlling both active and reactive powers as well as harmonics restraints. This paper explains also the advantage of single stage using quasi- z source inverter (QZSI) which plays the buck/boost operation using space vector pulse width modulation technique (SVPWM) for shoot through insertion during the modulation period. Instantaneous power theory is used to simplify the implementation of the control design for both the inner and outer layer as well as for the reference current generation. To take off the challenge of tracking the maximum power point (MPPT) in any condition, including change in solar irradiance, fuzzy technique is used. Thereby, exhibiting its robustness and adaptability. Besides, to ameliorate the efficiency of the system, the well repute particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is employed to improve the PI controllers’ parameters. Finally matlab/Simulink environment is used to implement and to confirm the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed control strategy as well as the optimization method.
Power Grid Environment and Inductor Design for Power Loss Optimization with Boost Converter by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Liang Dong , Yang Fan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a proposed inductor design method with toroidal powder core is presented to minimize the total power loss of boost converter. Losses in the inductor, capacitor and semiconductors are considered. The total power loss function of the boost converter as an objective function is calculated iteratively by using the genetic algorithm (GA) in MATLAB. Then the optimal core size, permeability and number of turns can be obtained, which minimize the total power loss. Finally, the experimental results verify the proposed inductor design method is feasible by comparing with the general inductor design method in an 800W boost converter operating at 50kHz.
Design, Synthesis and Optical Properties of Novel D - π - a Compounds
Authors: Li Pengfei , Ren Heng Xin , Liu Cuijuan , Song Shanshan , Lv Yuguang
Published: March 2021

New type of D - π - A compound A1, three aniline, cyanoacetic acid and piperidine were prepared from three aniline aldehyde, propyl two nitrile and piperidine. The new D - π - A compound A2 was prepared. The structure and fluorescence properties of the new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electron spray ionization mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. It can be concluded that triphenylamine Derivatives Containing Cyan and carboxyl groups have been synthesized by IR analysis. The synthesis of cyan derivatives A1 and A2 of triphenylamine was further illustrated by UV spectra. According to the fluorescence spectra of A1 and A2, the fluorescence quenching of A1 and ibuprofen can be further determined.
Optimization of Cellulase-assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.
Authors: Zhang Yongzhong , Zhang Sicheng
Published: March 2021

Polysaccharides from Taraxacum mongolicum were extracted using cellulase-assisted extraction technology. Based on the results of single factor experiments, three independent variables extraction time, temperature and pH were selected for investigation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction time, 105.07 min; extraction temperature, 47.49°C; extraction pH, 4.81. Under such conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 13.75% (w/w), and the yield obtained by cellulase-assisted extraction method was remarkably higher than the hot water extraction. In vitro assays, scavenging activity of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazxyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide anion radical showed that the polysaccharides from T. mongolicum had definite antioxidant activities, and polysaccharides extracted from different parts of T. mongolicum had different antioxidant activity, which shows: inflorescence > leaf > root. These results exhibit that cellulase-assisted extraction is an advisable method for T. mongolicum polysaccharides and polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant to use in medicine or functional food.
Friction and Wear Properties of Graphene / Epoxy Composites
Authors: Sun Weisong , Yu Sirong , Tang Menglong , Wang Xian
Published: March 2021

The graphene was modified by silane coupling agent KH560, the epoxy resin was reinforced by the modified graphene (KH-graphene) to produce KH-graphene/epoxy resin composites, and the effect of KH-graphene content and load on the friction and wear property of the composites was studied. The results showed that the KH560 was successfully grafted to the surface of graphene; The KH-graphene decreased the mass loss and friction coefficient of the epoxy resin, and with increasing the KH-graphene content, the mass loss and friction coefficient of KH-graphene/epoxy resin composites both showed a decreasing trend, and when the load was 150N, KH-graphene content was 0.5%, the mass loss and friction coefficient of composites were reduced by 44.9% and 17.4%; With increasing the load, the mass loss and friction coefficient of KH-graphene/epoxy resin composites also showed a decreasing trend; The wear form was mainly fatigue wear under the low load, and KH-graphene could inhibit the generation and expansion of micro-cracks; After the load increased, the wear form was mainly abrasive wear; After the graphene added, the wear scar of the worn surface of composites was relatively reduced.
Study on Optical Properties and Biological Activity of Proanthocyanidins at Different pH and Alkalinit
Authors: Guo Baohui , Lv Kuilin , Hu Yanqiu , Du Juan , Lv Yuguang
Published: March 2021

The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of proanthocyanidins at different pH values were studied, and the change of absorption peak position was analyzed. The intermediate stable states of proanthocyanidins in different pH conditions, the electron transition modes and emission spectra of these steady states were analyzed. Eight parts of proanthocyanidins, each with mass of 1.00 mg, were added to acetic acid buffer solution with different pH in turn. The absorption of samples at the same pH concentration was measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer, spectrogram analysis was carried out. The absorption peak wavelength of proanthocyanidins did not change obviously in acid condition, the quantum yield of proanthocyanidins was low in different pH solutions, and the excited molecules returned to the ground state mainly by non-radiative transition. Under the same temperature conditions, the stability of proanthocyanidins decreased with the increase of pH, and the color of the solution ranged from orange to red. The charge distribution of hydroxyl groups analyzed the ability of combining free radicals at different sites of proanthocyanidins with hydroxyl groups, which suggested that proanthocyanidins may have better antioxidant activity.
Structural and Optical Properties of Pristine and Doped CsPbBr3 Perovskite
Authors: Sharaf Ibrahim M. , Shurukhina Anna V. , Emeline Alexei V.
Published: March 2021

The influence silver substitution at 0%-5% on the fundamental absorption edge of CsPbBr3 perovskites was studied. Here we examine the optical performance (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) from Ag-CsPbBr3 perovskites samples. The investigation of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the CsPbBr3 perovskites indicates that an orthorhombic-phase structure. Our results imply that Ag+ ions serve as substitutional dopants to replace Pb2+ ions in the perovskites. Photoluminescence (PL) and absorption studies show that no major changes are made in the perovskite bandgaps, and the charging transfers are facilitated with different molecular Ag donors at their interface. This work demonstrates monovalent doping’s tunability on halide perovskites’ optical properties, shedding light toward their prospective applications in varied optoelectronic devices.