bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ducted Fan Design for VTOL Aircraft Flight Mission Based on Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Jiang Tianhong , Liu Yaolong , Zheng Yao
Published: February 2025

Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft have great potential in both military and civil applications. Due to the high power and energy requirements of VTOL and its potential widespread use in the future, it is important to improve the overall efficiency of VTOL aircraft, where one promising way is using the ducted fan concept because of the potentially higher aerodynamic performance and noise shielding effects. The goal of this paper is to adopt an approach that can efficiently include both continuous and discrete ducted fan design variables and further to design and to optimize the ducted fan for conceptual VTOL aircraft design study. Firstly, the open-source Ducted Fan Design Code (DFDC) tool is employed for fast and efficient ducted fan analysis. Then, we formulate the ducted fan design and optimization problem as mixed integer nonlinear programming to include both class-shape-transformation-based parameters and intuitive ducted fan parameters. The performance of the ducted fan was optimized for hovering, cruising, and the overall flight mission based on the Bayesian optimization approach. The results showed that optimization considering only hovering or cruising can enhance the performance of the ducted fan at the corresponding phase, but the overall aircraft performance might not be improved. As such, the whole aircraft flight mission performance was set as the design objective while carrying out the ducted fan optimization, which in the end led to the reduction of fuel consumption from the original 828.41 kg to 713.46 kg, i.e., about 15.9% fuel saving for the selected flight mission.
Multifidelity Rotor Wake Modeling with Uncertainty Quantification of Transitioning Tilt-Propeller Aircraft Performance
Authors: Erhard Racheal M. , Alonso Juan J. , Cunningham Michael A.
Published: February 2025

A framework for efficient multifidelity modeling of tilt-propeller aircraft performance is developed, with an emphasis on accurate modeling of transition maneuvers between vertical and forward flight. Low- and midfidelity vortex models are used for the propeller aerodynamic data sources and lifting surface analyses. Uncertainty quantification of propeller model parameters is conducted and used as the input uncertainty of the source data over the operational domain. A multifidelity approach is proposed, using active learning of Gaussian processes (GPs) that are sequentially and adaptively enhanced with additional higher-fidelity data queried at strategic points selected from an acquisition function. This process is applied to the buildup of single- and multifidelity GPs, forming surrogate models of propeller performance over the operational domain. Each surrogate model is used in the full aircraft mission analysis of a tilt-propeller aircraft and provides quantified uncertainty in aircraft performance over the full flight envelope. Optimal maneuvers are also explored, balancing the tradeoff between maximum power, tilt rates, and time efficiency of conversion. The developed methods are applicable to many distributed electric propulsion aircraft configurations and are applied in this paper to a pusher-configured tilt-propeller aircraft.
Trade-Space Assessment of Liquid Hydrogen Propulsion Systems for Electrified Aircraft
Authors: White Andrew Scott , Waddington Elias , Merret Jason M. , Ansell Phillip J. , Hall David K.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we assess the feasibility of turbo-, hybrid-, and fully electric civil aircraft propulsion systems. A modular optimization framework was developed to quantify system performance for a single-aisle transport aircraft with a mission similar to a Boeing 737-800. Various propulsion systems leveraging superconducting motors, boundary-layer ingestion, distributed electric propulsion, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and liquid hydrogen fuel were examined for the same notional aircraft. Conventional aviation turbine fuel and liquid hydrogen were compared using the payload-fuel energy intensity, the fuel energy required per product of range and payload. For the chosen mission, the energy intensity of the hydrogen-fueled fully electric configuration was similar to that of the conventionally fueled twin turbofan baseline but produced zero carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxide emissions during flight. Relative to this baseline, a hydrogen-fueled turbofan system had the lowest energy intensity. Energy intensity increased when adding fuel cells to a turboelectric system or batteries to a fully electric, fuel-cell-powered system.
Studies of Transonic Aircraft Flows and Prediction of Initial Buffet Using Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Goc Konrad A. , Agrawal Rahul , Bose Sanjeeb T. , Moin Parviz
Published: February 2025

This paper utilizes the large-eddy simulation (LES) paradigm with a physics-based turbulence modeling approach, including a dynamic subgrid-scale model and an equilibrium wall model, to examine the flow over the NASA transonic Common Research Model (CRM), a flow configuration that has been the focus of several AIAA Drag Prediction Workshops (DPWs). The current work explores sensitivities to laminar-to-turbulent transition, wind tunnel mounting system, grid resolution, and grid topology and makes suggestions for current best practices in the context of LESs of transonic aircraft flows. It is found that promoting the flow transition to turbulence via an array of cylindrical trip dots, including the sting mounting system, and leveraging stranded boundary-layer grids all tend to improve the quality of the LES solutions. Non-monotonic grid convergence in the LES calculations is observed to be strongly sensitive to grid topology, with stranded meshes rectifying this issue relative to their hexagonal close-packed counterparts. The details of the boundary-layer profiles, both at the leading edge of the wing and within the shock-induced separation bubble, are studied, with thicknesses and integral measures reported, providing details about the boundary-layer characteristics to turbulence modelers not typically available from complex aircraft flows. Finally, an assessment of the initial buffet prediction capabilities of LES is made in the context of a simpler NACA 0012 flow, with computational predictions showing reasonable agreement with available experimental data for the angle of attack at initial buffet onset and shock oscillation frequency associated with sustained buffet.
Prediction of Hover Validation and Acoustic Baseline Hovering Rotor Performance and Ground Effect Using Mercury Framework
Authors: Jung Yong Su , Lee Bumseok , Baeder James
Published: February 2025

Simulations of the Hover Validation and Acoustic Baseline rotor in the hovering state were conducted using the Mercury framework, a multimesh, heterogeneous CPU-GPU overset computational fluid dynamics framework. Isolated hovering rotor simulations were conducted, and efficiency parameters were compared with the available reference data for various collective pitch angles. For installed rotor simulations, the NASA ROBIN-Mod7 fuselage was used. The sectional thrust of the blade increased when passing over the nose and tail boom of the fuselage owing to the ground effect, whereas the fuselage download decreased the total lift. The hover-in-ground effect was investigated for the rotor–fuselage configuration at various rotor heights from the ground. The ground effect increased as it approached the ground, thereby increasing the rotor figure of merit and decreasing fuselage download. The sectional thrust of the blade increased under the ground effect, except near the tip. Otherwise, the sectional torque was not significantly affected. Finally, the groundwash velocity was computed for an installed rotor at a collective of [Formula: see text]. Owing to the highly unsteady flow features, the results were phase- or time-averaged. The ground velocity profiles at various azimuthal and radial locations were compared to study the effects of rotor height, fuselage existence, and ground-wall boundary conditions.
Human Factors in General Aviation Loss of Control: Survey of Pilot Experiences
Authors: Majumdar Neelakshi , Marais Karen
Published: February 2025

Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) is a major cause of general aviation (GA) accidents. Previous studies have identified LOC-I causes from sources such as the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database. NTSB GA accident reports include limited detail on human factors. Getting pilots’ perspectives from other sources, such as surveys, may reveal insights into pilot actions and conditions. This study investigates the role of human factors in LOC-I by analyzing demographics in NTSB accidents and conducting a survey of pilots’ LOC-I experiences based on the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System framework. Note that 80% of the LOC-I events shared by the pilots involved pilot error, most of which were skill-based and decision errors. About one-quarter of pilots mentioned that their instructor had not prepared them well or taught them methods to recover from LOC-I. Several pilots mentioned that, because of their lack of LOC-I recovery training, they could not recover from LOC-I. The study helped in identifying specific pilot errors and issues in training that were not mentioned explicitly in the NTSB reports. Findings from the study may help improve training methods and operating procedures for GA pilots to prevent loss of control in the future.
Virtual Target Selection for a Multiple-Pursuer–Multiple-Evader Scenario
Authors: Weintraub Isaac E. , Von Moll Alexander , Casbeer David W. , Manyam Satyanarayana G.
Published: February 2025

This paper considers an [Formula: see text]-pursuer–[Formula: see text]-evader scenario involving [Formula: see text] virtual targets. The virtual targets serve as an intermediary target for the pursuers, allowing the pursuers to delay their final assignment to the evaders. However, upon reaching the virtual target, the pursuers must decide which evader to capture. It is assumed that there are more pursuers than evaders and that the pursuers are faster than the evaders. The objective is two-part: first, assign each pursuer to a virtual target and evader such that the pursuer team’s energy is minimized, and, second, choose the virtual targets’ locations for this minimization problem. The approach taken is to consider the Apollonius geometry between each pursuer’s virtual target location and each evader. Using the constructed Apollonius circles, the pursuer’s travel distance and maneuver at a virtual target are obtained. These metrics serve as a gauge for the total energy required to capture a particular evader and are used to solve the joint virtual target selection and pursuer–evader assignment problem. This paper provides a mathematical definition of this problem, the solution approach taken, and an example. Following the example, a Monte Carlo analysis is performed, demonstrating the efficacy of the algorithm and its suitability for real-time applications.
Planificación e impactos del sector turístico. La formación en competencias de sus recursos humanos
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Dorta-Barreda José Manuel
Published: February 2025

Some circumstances impacting the tourism sector have negatively affected its population and economy. Destinations usually apply some planning and governance policies based on tourism sustainability in order to solve them. Although business management has recently advanced, the question still remains of how to better manage its human resources in order to mitigate these limitations. As a main issue, previous research was analysed to detect issues relating to planning, impacts, sustainability, the hotel sector, human resources, and competence training. A content analysis was carried out with data from Dialnet; Redalyc; RIE; Scopus and Wos. The results showed some impact related to the planning and sustainability of the sector, the importance of improvement experienced in its business management, and the relative shortage of skills required in the labour markets. This was proposed as a baseline for an efficient management of human resources to train in competences to ensure the continuous supply of skilled workers
La investigación sobre la demanda del turismo gastronómico: conocimientos previos y evolución temática
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca (España), Barzallo Neira Cristina , Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio ,   Universidad de Jaén (España)
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of articles related to the demand for gastronomic tourism demands new knowledge by reviewing their contributions. This study aims to analyse the progress of research on gastronomic tourism demand. Previous studies have highlighted the characteristics and case studies of this type of demand, but none describes the topic comprehensively. To fill this gap, this research adopts an exploratory, descriptive and analytical approach, based on a comprehensive narrative review and bibliometric analysis. For its development, 68 scientific contributions, published between 2017 and 2023, were analysed over two scientific databases, Scopus and Dimensions. The results consolidate the main research structures of gastronomic tourism demand, build a frame of reference on the evolution of the contents on a scientific level and reaffirm the importance of guiding the planning, tourism image and development of the various practices that make up this typology, which, at the same time, allows guiding future research.
Diferença e unidade: as práticas da Associação de Agroturismo Acolhida na Colônia em Urubici
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Administração e Economia - ISAE (Brasil, Pimentel Ricardo , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce ,   FURB/USP/UNISUL-IA/UNIEVANGÉLICA-FUNADESP  (Brasil), Albach Valéria de Meira ,   Universidad Estatal de Ponta Grossa (Brasil9
Published: February 2025

The paper shows how practices in the territory of Urubici (South of Brazil), contribute to achieving the objectives of the association studied. The research was based on phenomenological immersion, combining participant observation and in-depth interviews in data collection. Practice theory and the notion of sensemaking contribute to the understanding of decision-making processes in structuring socio-productive arrangements for socio-environmental purposes and in the production and application of local knowledge in the sustainability of the territory. The results indicate that the differences concerning the authentic experience of the Acolhida na Colônia Association reveal themselves as a new socio-productive arrangement, with ways to achieve common goals, strengthen an emerging paradigm, and catalyse the strength of the relationship between the territory of Urubici, the AAAC, and tourists, with effects throughout the region. It is recommended to create the
Análisis holístico de la comunicación interna y externa de los grupos castelleros
Authors:   Universidad de Girona (España), Gutiérrez-Aragón Óscar , Gassiot-Melian Ariadna ,   Universidad de Girona (España), Alabart-Algueró Júlia ,   Universidad de Girona (España), Campos-Roig Marcel ,   Universidad de Girona (España)
Published: February 2025

The internal and external communication procedures used by the human tower groups (castellers) are essential to maximise their achievements and improve their chances of survival. The main objective of this research is to carry out a complete analysis of these processes, linking them with the current needs of the groups. Methodologically, from primary sources, a quantitative analysis of descriptive and bivariate statistics on the data of a survey is carried out on the human tower population and has been combined with the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews to communication managers of these entities. Results reveal the great potential that social networks have as communication resources. It is concluded that, to optimise the communication activities of the human tower groups, it is necessary to diversify online and offline channels in order to be able to cover the different population profiles. Identifying the recipients of each information will be key to hitting upon the right communication strategy
Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Cair BRE4 dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Keragaman Nematoda Tanah Pada Lahan Kopi Arabika
Authors: Asyiah Iis Nur , Imam Mudakir , Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana , Aris Budiman , Dwi Nugroho , Laeli Nordiana
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk hayati cair BRE4 dan pupuk organik terhadap keragaman nematoda tanah pada lahan kopi arabika. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan kebun kopi arabika rakyat di Kawasan Ijen Bondowoso, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan yaitu P1= 30 ml pupuk hayati cair BRE4 per ton pupuk kandang, P2= 60 ml pupuk hayati cair pupuk hayati cair BRE4 per ton pupuk kandang, P3= 90 ml pupuk hayati cair pupuk hayati cair BRE4 per ton pupuk kandang, P4= 120 ml pupuk hayati cair BRE4 per ton pupuk kandang, K-= Tanpa pupuk hayati cair dan pupuk kandang, K+1= 60 ml pupuk hayati cair, dan K+2= 5L pupuk kandang tanpa pupuk hayati cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P4 mampu menurukan populasi nematoda parasit dan meningkatkan keragaman nematoda free living yang lebih baik dibanding perlakuan lainnya. Nematoda tanah yang berhasil teridentifikasi sebanyak 18 genus, dan genus nematoda kelompok pemakan bakteri (bakteriovora) paling banyak ditemukan dibandingkan genus dari grup tropik lainnya. Pemberian BRE4 dan pupuk kandang mampu memperbaiki ekosistem tanah berdasarkan tingkat keragaman nematoda.
Pengaruh Metode Pematahan Dormansi Dan Posisi Tanam Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Salak (Salacca edulis Reinw)
Authors: Leddy I Made , Gubali Hayatiningsih , Musa Nikmah
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe hard and thick structure of snakefruit seeds makes it difficult for snakefruit seeds togerminate, therefore efforts are needed to break the dormancy of snakefruit seeds. The aimof the research was to determine the method of breaking dormancy and the appropriate seedplanting position to increase the viability of snakefruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) seeds, whichwas carried out at the Green House of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry ExtensionCenter (BP3K). The research method uses a factorial pattern in a completely randomizeddesign. The first factor is the dormancy breaking method which consists of 5 levels, namelycontrol, atonic, gibberellin (GA3), 60oC hot water, and sanding. The second factor is theposition of planting seeds which consists of 3 levels, namely upright, lying down and upsidedown. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA with a DMRT further test at 5% level.The research results showed that the method of breaking dormancy had an effect on theviability of snakefruit seeds. A good method of breaking dormancy is with GA3. The positionof seed planting influences the viability of snakefruit seeds. The positions for planting seedsthat have a good effect are the upright and lying positions. There was an interaction betweenthe method of breaking dormancy using GA3 and the planting position of the lying seeds onthe viability of the snakefruit seeds.Keywords: Dormancy, Seed Position, Snakefruit, Viability
Differences in Growth and Yield of Moringa Oleifera Leaves by Immersing Seeds and Variations of Planting Medium
Authors: Sulistiani Rini , Surianto Surianto , Novita Aisar , Siregar Sasmita , Rasyidi Ahmad Fadhillah
Published: February 2025

Seeds are generally used for moringa cultivation. However, the seeds produced have a fairly hard seed coat, thus affecting germination and seed vigor. The research by immersing seeds with plant growth regulators (PGR) and a comparison of the composition of planting medium need experimentation to get the maximum PGR concentration and the right composition of the planting medium to grow. The study was conducted using a Split Plot Design with the main plots PGR consisting of Z1 (freshwater), Z2 (Coconut liquid), and Z3 (GA3). The subplot is Plant Medium consisting of M1 (soil: sand: manure-1:1:2); M2 (soil: sand: manure-1:2:1); M3 (soil: sand: manure-2:1:1). Data were examined by Analysis of Variance and continued by DMRT at α 5%. The results of the analysis showed that PGR had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, and root length. The composition of the planting medium caused significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh and dry leaf weight. The interaction between the planting medium and PGR caused differences in stem diameter at 2 and 8 weeks after planting. The recommended PGR treatment is freshwater for longer roots and taller plants. M1 planting media produced the most number and weight of leaves. The combination treatment of Z3M2 produces the largest stem diameter.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ФЛОРЫ ДРЕВЕСНО-КУСТАРНИКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ С. АСКАРОВО АБЗЕЛИЛОВСКОГО РАЙОНА РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН
Authors: Ильина И.В. , Папян Э.Э. , Хасанова Р.Ф. , Ягафарова Г.А. , Байрамгулова ГР.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье представлены результаты исследования отдельных характеристик древесно-кустарниковой флоры с. Аскарово Абзелиловского района Республики Башкортостан. Изучена систематическая принадлежность видов, проведен биоморфологический анализ и определены типы эколого-фитоценотиче-ской стратегии. Наиболее распространенными и многочисленными являются семейства Rosaceae, Pinaceae и Salicaceae. Преобладающими элементами экологической структуры видов являются нанофанерофиты и фанерофиты. Большинство видов имеют виолентную эколого-фитоценотическую стратегию Раменского-Грайма. Анализ происхождения видов дендрофлоры выявил преобладание аборигенных видов.
ОХОТСКИЙ СВЕРЧОК LOCUSTELLA OCHOTENSIS НА КАМЧАТКЕ
Authors: Герасимов Ю.Н.
Published: February 2025

Обобщены результаты исследований распространения, численности и биологии охотского сверчка на Камчатке в 1976-2024 гг. Приводятся данные по плотности населения, срокам миграции и размножения, местам расположения, материале и размерамф гнезд, размерам яиц.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ «VIOLET К» НА ТУТОВОГО ШЕЛКОПРЯДА ВПЕРВЫЕ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ
Authors: Багирова Г.Д.
Published: February 2025

По результатам проведенных исследований установлено, что стимулирующее соединение 0,4 Mg(ClO4)2 местных моновольтинных пород тутового шелкопряда («Шеки-2», «Юбилей», «Гянджа») оказывает сильное действие в зависимости от породы. Так, наблюдается увеличение веса от 8,0% до 23,3% по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, а для препарата 0,2% NH4Cl - на 3,4%. При этом яйца местных («Гянджа», «Ватан», «Рахимли 1») и интродуцированных («Мизури», «Оро») пород обрабатывались оптимальными дозами воды и антисептическими препаратами (C24H28N3Cl (0,001%), а также KMnO4 (0,001%)) гистологический эффект при формировании гусеницы из линии эмбриона при местном воздействии. Также в ходе экспериментов вес шелкового слоя кокона по сравнению с контрольным (сухим) вариантом составил у местного сорта «Ватан» 54,4% (H2O) и 80,5% (Violet К), а у интродуцированного сорта «Сверико-сари» 108,8% (H2O) и 77,1% («Violet К»); и это более отчетливо выражено в увеличении рода «Орагаза» на 16,1% (H2O) и 79,2% («Violet К») (p<0,05 иp<0,001)».

According to the results obtained from the conducted studies, it was found that the stimulating compound of 0.4 Mg (ClO4)2 of local monovoltine breeds of mulberry silkworm («Sheki-2», «Yubiley», «Ganja») has a strong effect depending on the breed. Therefore, there is an increase in weight from 8.0% to 23.3% compared to the control version, and 3.4% for the 0.2% NH4Cl preparation. At the same time, the eggs of local («Ganja», «Vatan», «Rahimli 1») and introduced («Mizuri», «Oro») breeds were treated with optimal doses of water and antiseptic preparations (C24H28N3Cl (0.001%), as well as KMnO4 (0.001%)) produces a histological effect in the formation of the caterpillar from the embryo line during topical exposure. Also, during the experiments, the weight of the silk layer of the cocoon compared to the control (dry) version was 54.4% (H2O) in the local «Vatan» variety and 80.5% (Violet K), and 108.8% (H2O) in the introduced «Sverico-sari» variety and 77.1% (“Violet K”); and it is more clearly expressed in the increase in the genus «Oragase» of 16.1% (H2O) and 79.2% («Violet K») (p<0.05 andp<0.001)».
ОТ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ К ФИНАНСОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ
Authors: Щербаченко П.С.
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрена взаимосвязь финансовой и цифровой грамотности, финансовой культуры населения. Выделены четыре этапа развития финансовой грамотности и семь этапов развития финансовой культуры в Российской Федерации, обозначены стейкхолдеры, способствующие эффективной реализации «Стратегии повышения финансовой грамотности и формирования финансовой культуры». Представлена структура органов власти и методических центров по повышению финансовой грамотности населения, субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса.

Introduction. Financial literacy of the population is the basis of financial culture that allows people to effectively manage their personal resources and make informed financial decisions. Increasing people’s trust in the financial market implies solving the problem of frozen accounts, developing a deposit insurance system, improving the availability and transparency of information about the issuer of securities along with developing investment, financial and cyber literacy. The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between financial literacy, digital literacy and financial culture, as well as to identify the stakeholders involved in the implementation of the Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy and Developing Financial Culture Until 2030. Results. Well-designed and sustained interaction with stakeholders contributes to the effective implementation of the Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy and Developing Financial Culture Until 2030as it improves the engagement of all parties involved. Reducing the volume of sales of deliberately misinterpreted financial products (mis-selling) is an important element of the financial culture formation. The main way to address the problem is to set up an interdepartmental committee on mis-selling under the auspices of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The study revealed three priorities in the development of financial culture in the Russian Federation: (1) development of financial literacy of the population through the implementation of a unified educational program aimed at all target audiences from children and adolescents to the older generation, (2) increasing the accessibility and transparency of financial services for all citizens, and (3) provision of financial skills training to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusion. Improving financial literacy is a top priority for enhancing the quality of life.
К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ЦЕЛИ И КОНЕЧНОГО РЕЗУЛЬТАТА РАБОТЫ РЕМОНТНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Ревенко Н.Ф. , Загуляев Д.Г.
Published: February 2025

Использование современных сложных и интеллектуальных систем и механизмов в различных отраслях промышленности предопределяет появление новых методов их технического обслуживания и ремонта и изменение взглядов на цель работы ремонтного производства предприятий, поскольку цель, являясь общественно-исторической и социально-экономической категорией, может существенно меняться в зависимости от развития производства, от роста или уменьшения его возможностей, от изменения его потребностей. В статье на основе анализа существующих определений понятия «цель работы ремонтного производства предприятий» выявлены три основных подхода. Предложены авторские определения понятий «цель работы ремонтного производства предприятий» и «конечный результат работы ремонтного производства предприятий».

Introduction. The use of modern complex and intelligent systems and mechanisms in various industries predetermines the emergence of new methods of their maintenance and repair, as well as a shift in views on the purpose of repair production in enterprises. A goal as a sociohistorical and socioeconomic category can alter significantly depending on the development of production, an increase or decrease of its capacities, or in response to changing production needs. The study aims to provide an analysis of existing approaches to defining the concepts of "purpose of repair production of enterprises" and "final result of repair production of enterprises". Data and methods. The conventional methods of scientific analysis including technical, economic and logical analysis, systematization and ranking constitute the methodological basis of the study. Results. An analysis of definitions of the concept "purpose of repair production of enterprises" was carried out, during which three main approaches were identified. The author’s definitions of the concepts "purpose of repair production of enterprises" and "final result of repair production of enterprises" were proposed. Conclusion.Focusing on the well-defined goal and final results of repair production ensures maximum satisfaction of the demands of the main production for all types of repair services, which has the greatest influence of the main production efficiency.
МЕТОД ЗАЩИТЫ ЦЕПЕЙ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЗРЫВООПАСНЫХ ВОЗДУШНЫХ СРЕД
Authors: МАЙКОВ О А. , ШАЙДУРОВ Г Я. , КОЗЫРЕВ И А. , ДЕВЯТЕРИКОВ И Е.
Published: February 2025

В статье приведены методы компенсации электрических схем как внутри источника, так и подключаемых к нему нагрузок искробезопасного барьера источника питания, предназначенного для работы в средах опасных по газу и пыли. Актуальность темы определена потребностью в электроснабжении зон повышенной опасности с максимальным сокращением рисков воспламенения атмосферы с горючими газами или пылевой взвесью. В качестве альтернативы отдельным модулям, обеспечивающим искробезопасность, авторы предлагают модифицировать квазирезонансный преобразователь выходного напряжения для работы в режиме подавления пульсаций выходного напряжения и энергии искры.

The article presents methods for compensating electrical circuits both inside the source and connected to it loads of the intrinsically safe barrier of the power source, designed for operation in environments hazardous in terms of gas and dust. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for power supply to high-risk areas with a maximum reduction in the risk of ignition of the atmosphere with flammable gases or dust particles. As an alternative to individual modules providing intrinsic safety, the authors propose to modify the quasi-resonant converter of the output voltage for operation in the mode of suppression of output voltage pulsations and spark energy.
АДАПТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЯ С СИСТЕМОЙ ПОДБОРА
Authors: ИВАНОВА С М. , ИЛЬИЧЕНКОВА З В.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье описано применение технологий на основе искусственного интеллекта. Описана организация формирования и получения информации подбора комплектующих по запросу пользователя. Под комплектующими в данном случае понимаются любые самостоятельно существующие элементы сложного устройства. Применимость метода показана на примере компьютерных комплектующих. Проиллюстрировано применение адаптивных технологий при организации помощника для взаимодействия системы с пользователем. Приведены примеры определения совместимости выбранных данных.

The use of technologies based on artificial intelligence is described in this article. The organization of the formation and receipt of information on the selection of components at the user's request is presented. In this case, components are understood as any independently existing elements of a complex device. The applicability of the method is shown using the example of computer components. The application of adaptive technologies in organizing an assistant for interaction between the system and the user is illustrated. Examples of determining the compatibility of selected data are given.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СПУТНИКОВОГО СИГНАЛА ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ТЕЛЕВИЗИОННОГО РЕСИВЕРА
Authors: БАРЫШНИКОВА А Н. , ЛИКОНЦЕВ А Н.
Published: February 2025

В процессе лабораторной работы необходимо теоретически рассчитать параметры спутникового сигнала, затем измерить параметры сигнала при помощи телевизионного ресивера и сравнить полученные данные. Для реализации этих целей были выбраны такие параметры как отношение сигнал/шум, а также эффективная изотопно-излучаемая мощность спутника.

In the course of laboratory work, it is necessary to theoretically calculate the parameters of the satellite signal, then measure the signal parameters using a television receiver and compare the data obtained. To achieve these goals, parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio and the effective isotropic radiated power of the satellite were selected.
Emerging Technologies in Chemical Threat Reduction
Authors: E Meyle ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, BA Wilson ,   Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
Published: February 2025

Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications and Machine-Learning (ML) technologies have changed the landscape of chemical threat mitigation. These technologies may enable production of novel threats and evasion of existing regulatory measures by bad actors. However, they can also be applied toward chemical threat mitigation in critical areas. Herein, we discuss the current state of global compliance with regard to chemical weapons norms and highlight applications of emerging technologies in three key areas of chemical threat mitigation: industrial verification, detection platforms, and medical counter measures.

Keywords: Countermeasures; Chemical weapons; Dual-use chemicals; Cheminformatics.
Real-World Efficacy of Faricimab in Treatment Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A 12 Month Cohort Study
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Salisbury District Hospital, UK, W Evans , C Mathew ,   Chester Medical School, University of Chester, UK, M Eissa ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Salisbury District Hospital, UK, M Evans ,   Chester Medical School, University of Chester, UK, R Arora ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Salisbury District Hospital, UK
Published: February 2025

Background: Faricimab, the first bispecific anti-VEGF agent, has shown efficacy in treating neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). However, existing studies often exclude anti-VEGF resistant patients, involve small sample sizes, or focus on short-term outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the real-world outcomes of faricimab in treatment-resistant neovascular AMD patients over a 12-month period.

Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective cohort study conducted using clinical and imaging data from Salisbury district hospital, UK, between October 2022 to November 2023.

Results: A total of 191 eyes from 156 patients, with a mean age of 81.4 years and a history of 19.9 previous anti-VEGF injections per eye, were analysed. The baseline mean Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) was 0.40 ± 0.26, and the mean Central Subfield Thickness (CST) was 283.5 μm ± 67.3 μm. After a mean follow-up of 8 months, patients received a mean of 6.49 ± 1.99 faricimab injections. A significant reduction in CST was observed, with a decrease of 283.5 ± 67.3 μm at baseline to 268.86 ± 75.06 μm at the 12-month interval, indicating anatomical improvement. Notably, the majority of patients were successfully extended to an 8-week injection interval, with a mean interval of 7.8 weeks.

Conclusions: Switching to faricimab in treatment-resistant neovascular AMD patients resulted in anatomical improvement in CST and maintenance of BCVA. These findings suggest that faricimab is a safe and effective treatment, with the potential for prolonged injection intervals. Longer-term follow-up is needed to assess the durability of these results.

Keywords: Faricimab; Neovascular age-related macular degeneration; anti-VEGF
Coupled-Trajectory Surface Hopping with Sign Consistency
Authors: Xie Rixin , Shi Zhecun , Wang Linjun
Published: February 2025

The framework of exact factorization (XF) has inspired a series of trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics methods through introducing different approximations. Recently, the coupled-trajectory surface hopping (CTSH) method has been proposed to combine the key advantages of the coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical method based on XF and the fewest switches surface hopping. We here present a novel variant of CTSH, namely sign-consistent CTSH (SC-CTSH), which considers proper trajectory clustering to reconstruct the nuclear density distribution and the consistency between wave function and active states to introduce decoherence. Using the exact quantum solutions as references, the high performance of SC-CTSH is benchmarked in the widely studied scattering models and compared with other related XF-based methods. Due to the incorporation of new trajectory clustering and sign consistency algorithms, SC-CTSH obtains more accurate quantum momentum and decoherence during the nonadiabatic dynamics, which makes the combination of XF and surface hopping more consistent and reliable. This study further highlights the significance of internal consistency between wave function and active states, which is important in the further development of mixed quantum-classical dynamics methods.
Machine Learning-Driven Discovery of Highly Selective Antifungal Peptides Containing Non-Canonical β-Amino Acids
Authors: Chang Douglas , Richardson Joshua , Lee Myung-Ryul , Lynn David , Palecek Sean , Van Lehn Reid
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising compounds for the treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant infections because of their ability to directly disrupt microbial membranes, a mechanism that is less likely to lead to resistance compared to antibiotics. Unfortunately, natural AMPs are prone to proteolytic cleavage in vivo and have relatively low selectivity for microbial versus human cells, motivating the development of synthetic peptidomimetics of AMPs with improved peptide stability, activity, and selectivity. However, a lack of understanding of structure-activity relationships for peptidomimetics constrains development to rational design or experimental predictors, both of which are cost and time prohibitive, especially when the design space of possible sequences scales exponentially with the number of amino acids. To address these challenges, we developed an iterative Gaussian process regression (GPR) approach to explore a large design space of 336,000 synthetic α/β-peptide analogues of a natural AMP, aurein 1.2, based on an initial training set of 147 sequences and their biological activities against microbial pathogens and selectivity for microbes vs. mammalian cells. We show that the quantification of prediction uncertainty provided by GPR can guide the exploration of this design space via iterative experimental measurements to efficiently discover novel sequences with up to a 52-fold increase in antifungal selectivity compared to aurein 1.2. The highest selectivity peptide discovered using this approach features an unconventional substitution of cationic amino acids in the hydrophobic face and would be unlikely to be explored by conventional rational design. Overall, this work demonstrates a generalizable approach that integrates computation and experiment to accurately predict the selectivity of AMPs containing synthetic amino acids, which we employed to discover new α/β-peptides that hold promise as selective antifungal agents to combat the antimicrobial resistance crisis.
Unusual Directionality in Thioamide Hydrogen Bonds Can Stabilize β-Strands
Authors: Zheng Haoliang , Newberry Robert W
Published: February 2025

Though thioamides are considered weaker hydrogen-bond acceptors than oxoamides, recent calculations suggest they might enhance hydrogen bonds within the backbone of individual β-strands. We confirm this prediction through spectroscopic analysis of minimal amino-acid models. Further, incorporation of thioamides into the backbone of β-hairpin models high-lights opportunities to control β-strand stability.
Design of Partial Agonists of ADAMTS Metalloproteinases as Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Ferguson, MRSB MRSC David
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and structural instability, precipitated by aberrations in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and chronic neuroinflammation. The ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases plays a key role in regulating ECM dynamics and neuroinflammatory responses, with dysregulation of specific isoforms contributing to the pathology of NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This article proposes the development of partial agonists targeting ADAMTS enzymes as a novel therapeutic approach for managing NDDs. By selectively modulating enzymatic activity, partial agonists could mitigate pathological ECM degradation while preserving essential protease functions. Structural scaffolds for partial agonist development are discussed, leveraging insights from bioisosteric design and computational methodologies. Additionally, advanced drug delivery platforms and preclinical validation paradigms are explored to address translational challenges. The integration of emerging technologies and modeling strategies with generative technologies, is highlighted as a means to overcome current limitations and enhance the precision of ADAMTS-targeting therapies.
Programmable Strategies for the Conversion of Aldehydes to Unsymmetrical (Deuterated) Diarylmethanes and Diarylketones
Authors: Gavit Vipin , Hanania Nicole , Eghbarieh Nadim , Shioukhi Israa , Masarwa Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Diarylmethanes and diarylketones are important chemicals which feature in various materials and bioactive molecules; however, efficient divergent strategies for their synthesis are lacking. Now, in this study, we present an efficient and versatile method for synthesizing unsymmetrical diarylmethanes and diarylketones using only aldehydes and arenes as starting materials. This was successfully achieved through: (1) Regioselective Ar-H alkylation to synthesize benzhydryl-phosphonium salts via one-pot, four-component coupling reactions that utilize simple, commercially available reagents. (2) We demonstrated the utility of these phosphonium salt building blocks through chemoselective reductions or oxidations of the benzylic C–P bond, leading to unsymmetrical diarylmethanes and diarylketones, respectively. Notably, the reduction process enables the synthesis of fully deuterated benzylic diarylmethanes by utilizing D2O as a deuterium source. The products obtained serve as valuable building blocks and are produced in high yields. This new approach is straightforward, featuring simple setups that promise to facilitate novel transformations for applications in both academic and pharmaceutical research.
Probability Guided Chemical Reaction Scopes
Authors: Eshel Inbal Lorena , Shahar Barkai , Barranco Sergio , Pérez-Temprano Mónica , Milo Anat
Published: February 2025

The suitability of synthetic protocols for a target molecule can be evaluated by analyzing reaction scopes of possible literature procedures. Whereas trial-and-error screening of reaction conditions is standard practice, it can be expensive and frustrating. Yet despite growing demand for extensive scopes, many synthetic protocols bear low substrate diversity or conditions that were finetuned for specific substrates across the scope, making it difficult to predict whether a new substrate would react in a known reaction. Herein, we disclose a method for classifying substrates according to different reaction conditions to encourage the design of informative scopes. This method estimates the probability that specific reaction conditions would suit a target substrate by comparing its molecular features against those of reported substrates, which is especially useful when the target is at a late stage of a stepwise synthesis. Our approach was designed for very small datasets, making it applicable across a broad reaction space.
Immigrants' Legalization and Firms: Evidence from the 2007 EU Enlargement
Authors: Dicandia Vittoria , Vannutelli Silvia
Published: February 2025

How do firms respond to permanent changes in the legal status of a substantial group of migrants? We study the effects of the entry to the European Union of Bulgaria and Romania in the Italian labor market. This event was particularly relevant for Italy, where Romanians constitute approximately one fifth of the immigrant population. We use administrative employer-employee data on the universe of private-sector workers and an IV-DID design to identify the effects of this change in migrants' legal status on firms' personnel and performance. Firms exhibit an increase in the share of migrant workers at the expense of natives, not accompanied by a change in wage growth for either group. Migrant workers' gains are shown in increased job mobility and job security. Despite growing in size, firms show a decrease in per capita business outputs. Our results indicate that the change in legal status led to a formalization of undocumented workers and had positive implications for the affected migrant workers.
Ukrainian language in the system of training for foreign master’s students
Authors: Trostynska O.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the main features of teaching the Ukrainian language to foreign undergraduates who received a bachelorʼs degree outside Ukraine, study in Ukrainian higher education institutions online in English and study Ukrainian as the state language of the country of study. Since the Ukrainian language for the studied contingent is neither a means of obtaining higher education nor a language of socio-cultural communication, there is no real Ukrainian-speaking environment and formed communicative needs, the motivation of these foreigners in learning the Ukrainian language is quite low, and it is the teacher who determines the effective organization of the educational process and the involvement of English-speaking undergraduates in studying the Ukrainian language.

The volume and content of the Ukrainian language educational material for English-speaking higher education applicants are analyzed, and teaching methods and techniques are identified that are effective for the formation of Ukrainian-language communicative competence in them. It was concluded that the increase in motivation in learning the Ukrainian language of the studied contingent of foreign speakers is facilitated by careful selection of educational material, minimizing the requirements for the formation of types of speech activity at the A1 level of language proficiency, reducing the volume of grammar and vocabulary that correspond to this level according to the State Language Standards, while simultaneously including topics that present universal human interests and values in the curricula, building classes on the principles of Ukrainian-centrism and communication using elements of audiovisual and grammatical-translation methods with the use of English as an intermediary language.

Prospects for further scientific research may include the analysis and selection of interactive methods that correspond to the studied learning situation, the development of principles for creating distance courses and online textbooks with the active involvement of digital learning and Internet technologies in order to introduce a Ukrainian-speaking environment and form communicative competence of foreign undergraduates studying in Ukrainian higher education institutions in English online.